bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS – A TOOL SUPPORTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN SPATIAL PLANNING PROCESSES OF GREEN AREAS
Authors: FELTYNOWSKI Marcin
Published: October 2020

The article presents issues connected with the use of GIS for planning processes of green areas within the city. The main theoretical background of the article is the good governance concept which can be used in planning works with cooperation of local actors. The article shows how the local government can use the geo-survey in the participation processes. The green areas are only the example of the use of this tool in spatial planning processes. The aim of the article is to show how useful can be spatial information systems in the decision-making on the local level and how it supports public participation. Additionally, it has to be indicated that this type of tool can contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of local authorities’ activities in the spatial planning field. The use of these tools contributes to an increase of the level of public participation and to the clarity of the planning process.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STREET PATTERNS IN ISRAELI CITIES
Authors: OMER Itzhak , ZAFRIR-REUVEN Orna
Published: October 2020

Street patterns of Israeli cities were investigated by comparing three time periods of urban development: (I) the late 19th century until the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948; (II) 1948 until the 1980s; and (III) the late 1980s until the present. These time periods are related respectively to the pre-modern, modern and late-modern urban planning approach. Representative urban street networks were examined in selected cities by means of morphological analysis of typical street pattern properties: curvature, fragmentation, connectivity, continuity and differentiation. The study results reveal significant differences between the street patterns of the three examined periods in the development of cities in Israel. The results show clearly the gradual trends in the intensification of curvature, fragmentation, complexity and hierarchical organization of street networks as well as the weakening of the network's internal and external connectivity. The implications of these changes on connectivity and spatial integration are discussed with respect to planning approaches.
INDIVIDUALISATION OF DEPRIVED AREAS IN ROMANIA’S SOUTH WEST REGION
Authors: COCHECI Radu-Matei
Published: October 2020

Measuring territorial disparities is the first step in studies aiming to improve territorial cohesion. As intraregional disparities are often higher than inter-regional ones, an analysis of development at local level is needed in order to define areas of intervention for specific targeted policies. The aim of this study is to individualise deprived areas in Romania’s South West region through the use of the Principal Component Analysis run on 15 social, economic, demographic and physical indicators defined at local level (LAU 2 units). By computing a global index of deprived areas, 13 areas were individualised at regional level, with the results being compared with other studies on deprived areas (Romania’s poverty map, Social Development Index and Less-favoured areas). The final output showcased the differences in defining deprived areas according to the used methodology, with a need to standardise such methods for policy targeting in the future while also considering environmental quality factors.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Strategi Komunikasi Program Pengurangan Sampah Plastik Melalui Kebijakan Kantong Plastik Berbayar di Ritel Modern
Authors: Lusnita Natalia
Published: October 2020

Sampah plastik telah menjadi permasalahan yang rumit dari tahun ke tahun dan menjadi perhatian dari Pemerintah. Berbagai usaha dilakukan untuk mengurangi timbunan sampah plastik hingga akhirnya Pemerintah mengeluarkan Kebijakan kantong plastik berbayar dengan dikeluarkannya Surat Edaran Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Sampah, Limbah dan Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun Nomor: S.1230/PSLB3-PS/2016 tentang Harga dan Mekanisme Penerapan Kantong Plastik Berbayar.

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menggambarkan strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh KLHK dalam mensosialisasikan program kantong plastik berbayar di ritel modern sebagai salah satu upaya mengurangi sampah di Indonesia.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif interpretif: fenomenologi. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori strategi komunikasi.
The role of protagonists in implementing research on problem solving in school practice
Authors: Baumanns Lukas , Scharnberg Sarina
Published: October 2020

Based on seminal works of Pólya (1945) and Schoenfeld (1985), problem solving has become a major focus of mathematics education research. Even though there exists a variety of recent research on problem solving in schools, the research results do not have a direct impact on problem solving in school practice. Instead, a dissemination of research results by integrating different protagonists is necessary. Within our working group, the roles of three different protagonists involved in implementing research on problem solving in school practice were discussed, namely researchers, pre-service, and in-service teachers, by examining the following discussion question: To what extent do the different protagonists enable implementation of research findings on problem solving in school practice?
An Evaluation of Application of Zakat for Poverty Alleviation among Muslims in Iba Housing Estate, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Paramole Kabir Olawale
Published: October 2020

No Islāmic Scholar in Lagos State will deny the fact that, Zakāt is the most abandoned out of the five pillars of Islām . Even, the few affluent Muslims who pay attention to it may not be perfect in its annual deduction and disbursement. This study assessed and evaluated the application of Zakāt as employed by Iba Housing Estate Zakāt Agency for Poverty Alleviation with a view of determining its success in ameliorating poverty among Muslims in the community. Using field and library based researches; it has been found that the agency has recorded a very little success in its few years of operation with the small fund available to operate upon. Its best practices include, rendering of support and assistance to the needy and the poor challenged with health problems, widows, orphans etc. within the area. However, the sources of income of the agency are circumscribed to only Zakāt payment which cannot create an avenue for outstanding impacts. The study recommends among others, that in order to contribute immensely to reduce poverty, as well as to be able to cover the needs of the poor Muslims in the community, the agency should diversify its efforts in getting more funds from other lawful sources, groups, agencies and wealthy individuals who have been showing interest in supporting their cause.
“Tell Sergey Fedorovich his most loyal student sends him her best regards”: M. A. Postnikova’s (Alexandrova’s) Letters from Khabarovsk
Authors: Митрофанов В.В.
Published: October 2020

В биографии замечательной женщины Марии Алексеевны Постниковой (Александровой), известного организатора системы образования Центральной России, первой начальницы Рязанского учительского института, остается немало неиследованного. Дворянская семья Постниковых дала империи пять офицеров и двух деятелей образования. Выявленные эпистолярные источники позволяют очертить круг близких знакомых Марии Алексеевны по платоновским средам, кружку Г. В. Форстена, с которыми она трудилась рядом на преподавательской работе на Высших женских (Бестужевских) курсах, в учительском институте и в Археографической комиссии.
Историография заявленной темы постоянно расширяется. Особенно ценными являются письма М. А. Постниковой, адресованные выдающему организатору системы образования в России и просветителю российской провинции С. Ф. Платонову, под руководством которого она вела преподавательскую и научную работу и который способствовал назначению ее в Рязань. Существенным добавлением к ранее опубликованным являются выявленные письма Марии Алексеевны, адресованные С. Ф. Платонову.
С привлечением писем А. Е. Преснякова конкретизируется начальный период преподавательской и научной деятельности выпускницы курсов. Обнаружено и одно письмо на имя, пожалуй самого выдающегося ученика С. Ф. Платонова, цитата из которого вынесена в заголовок статьи, — Александра Евгеньевича Преснякова.

The biography of a remarkable woman Maria Alekseyevna Postnikova (Alexandrova), a well-known founder of the system of education in Central Russia and the first head of Ryazan Teachers’ Institute, still contains a lot of uninvestigated facts. Five officers and two educators descended from a distinguished noble family of Postnikov. The analyzed epistolary evidence enables the author to identify the circle of Maria Alekseyevna’s good acquaintances acquired at soirees held by the Platonovs on Wednesdays, at meetings of Forsten’s study group, through her teaching activities at Higher Women’s Courses (aka the Bestuzhev’s Courses), at the Teachers’ Institute and in the Archaeographic Commission.
Historiography of the investigated issue is continually widening. M. A. Postnikova’s letters addressed to S. F. Platonov, an outstanding founder of the system of education in Russia, M. A. Postnikova’s research supervisor, a person responsible for M. A. Postnikova’s appointment to Ryazan, are especially valuable.
The article analyzes previously uninvestigated letters addressed by M. A. Postnikova to S. F. Platonov.
The analysis of A. E. Presnyakov’s letters enables the author to identify the beginning of Postnikova’s research activities. The article analyzes a previously unknown letter addressed by M. A. Postnikova to Alexander Evgenyevich Presnyakov, S. F. Platonov’s most famous student. You can see a line from this letter in the title of the article.
Peasant Communities of the 1920s: from Imperial Law to Soviet Common Law
Authors: Крюкова C.C.
Published: October 2020

Исследуется трансформация правовой культуры крестьян в советской доколхозной деревне на примере ее традиционного института — обычного права. Актуальность темы предопределяют, с одной стороны, слабая изученность конкретно-исторических механизмов утверждения нового советского законодательства России в 1920-е годы, с другой стороны, чрезвычайная важность переосмысления парадигмы правового развития страны с позиций современных подходов
к феномену обычного права. Предпринят анализ законодательных источников первого десятилетия советской власти и архивных документов. Проведенное исследование отражает сложную картину становления советской законодательной базы и проникновения в нее неписаных крестьянских обычно-правовых норм. Дореволюционные традиции оказались вполне востребованы в новом законодательстве. Для крестьян традиционный уклад в решении повседневных деревенских нужд в период революционных потрясений и становления нового права оставался своего рода защитным механизмом в условиях адаптации к изменявшимся условиям жизни. Однако нараставшие новые противоречия между старшим и молодым поколениями, между мужчинами и женщинами, между разными формами хозяйствования в деревне и пр. усугубляли социальную разобщенность, нарушали прежнюю однородность общины и ее обычай.

The research investigates the transformation of peasant legal culture in Soviet pre-kolkhoz villages at the example of common law as a legal tradition. The relevance of the issue is predetermined, on one hand, by the fact that historical mechanisms of adopting a new Soviet legal system in Russia of the 1920s are largely underinvestigated and, on the other hand, by the fact that it is crucial to reinvestigate the paradigm of the legal development of Russia from the point of view of modern approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of common law. The author makes an attempt to analyze laws issued by the Soviet state during the first decade of its existence and archival documents. The investigation reveals
a complex picture of Soviet legal system formation and its enrichment with common law principles traditionally supported by peasants. Pre-revolutionary traditions were willingly adopted by the new legal system. Peasants treated traditions as a protective mechanism guarding them against revolution-related distress and helping them to adapt to novel conditions of life and a new legal system. However, the growing contradictions between the older and younger generations, between men and women, between various land management practices aggravated social segregation and disrupted the traditional social uniformity of a peasant community.
The Assessment of Tourism and Recreation Attractiveness of the Meshchera Lowland Geomorphological Region (Ryazan)
Authors: Кривцов В.А. , Водорезов А.В. , Никифорова Е.М.
Published: October 2020

Для каждого из четырех подрайонов рязанской части геоморфологического района Мещёрской низины выявлены формы и комплексы форм рельефа, которые являются местами стихийной и «плановой» рекреации. Дана оценка туристско-рекреационного потенциала соответствующих объектов и примыкающих к ним территорий. Показано, что антропогенная нагрузка
на природные объекты, особенно привлекательные для рекреации, в большинстве случаев достигла предела и что туристско-рекреационный потенциал изученной территории в силу специфических природных особенностей достаточно ограничен. Определены предпосылки формирования
в геоморфологическом районе рекреационных систем различных функциональных типов.

The authors of the article single out the relief forms and relief form complexes of each of the four subregions of the Meshchera Lowland Geomorphological Region (Ryazan). The article assesses
the tourism and recreation potential of tourist and recreational facilities and adjacent territories. The research shows that recreationally attractive objects experience extreme anthropogenic load and the tourism and recreation potential of such territories is rather limited due to some specific natural peculiarities. The article singles out some prerequisites for the establishment of various types of recreation facilities.
The Social and Psychological Portrait of a Modern Woman (Reviewing the book by Krelenko N. S., Chernova L. N., Kostina A. K. Takie raznye… Sud'by anglijskih intellektualok Novogo vremeni [So Different… The Fates of Modern English Women Intellectuals]. Moscow, Dmitry Pozharsky University Publ., 2018, 352 p.)
Authors: Эрлихсон И.М.
Published: October 2020

В предлагаемой рецензии анализируется коллективная монография Н. С. Креленко, Л. Н. Черновой, А. К. Костиной, в которой систематизируется и осмысливается исторический опыт становления женского самосознания на примере биографий английских интеллектуалок Нового времени.

The present book review analyzes the collective monograph authored by N. S. Krelenko, L. N. Chernova, and A. K. Kostina. The reviewed monograph systematizes and assesses history of self-awareness
in women at the example of modern English women intellectuals.
Pengembangan Sistem Penilaian Siswa Berbasis Mobile Exam Pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di SMK Negeri 1 Gombong
Authors: Ferianto Abian , Ashari Ashari
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui dan mengembangkan model aplikasi yang tepat untuk membantu guru dalam melakukan sistem penilaian hasil belajar siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan, (2) Mendapatkan informasi kelayakan sistem penilaian siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan, (3) Mendapatkan informasi tentang keefektifan sistem penilaian siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan.Metode penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) berdasarkan model penelitian dan pengembangan 4D. Tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perencanaan (design), tahap pengembangan (develop), dan tahap penyebaran (disseminate). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Hasil penelitian ini diukur berdasarkan aspek fungsional, aspek kelayakan, aspek keefektifan yang di validasi oleh para ahli dan di uji cobakan pada siswa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh: (1) Pada aspek fungsional, sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar karena fungsi berjalan 100% dan masing-masing subkarakteristik memiliki nilai X = 1, (2) Pada aspek kelayakan sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar dengan skor inter pretasi 83,29%, (3) Pada aspek keefektifan, sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar dengan nilai page speed 97% menempati garde A serta nilai Yslow sebesar 89% menempati grade B atau Good.
Pengembangan Media Praktik Pengelasan Model Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo
Authors: Wahyudi Tri , Ashari Ashari
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui prosedur pengembangan media praktik pengelasan. 2) Mengetahui kelayakan media praktik pengelasan terhadap kegiatan praktik mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. dan 3) Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media praktik pengelasan terhadap minat praktik pengelasan di bengkel mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Reseach and Development (R & D) dengan subyek penelitian yang diambil adalah mahasiswa semester 7 Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo yang bejumlah 20 mahasiswa. dengan sampel dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok A sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah 10 mahasiswa dan kelas B sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah 10 mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner (angket) untuk mengetahui kelayakan media yang digunakan untuk penelitian. Uji analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas uji ttest. Dari hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa Pengembangan Media Praktik Pengelasan Model SMAW dan yang menggunakan Pengembangan Media Praktik Pengelasan Model SMAW. Melalui uji normalitas perbandingan minat praktik kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh p=0,716 (kelas eksperimen) dan p=0,396 (kelas kontrol), karena p>0,05 menunjukkan kedua kelompok berdistribusi normal., melalui uji homogenitas diperoleh Fhitung=0,183 dengan p=0,674. Karena p>0,05 menunjukkan kedua kelompok memiliki varian homogen., melalui uji t-tes hasilnya thitung diperoleh t hitung sebesar -157 dengan p=0,877 > 0,05 menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan minat praktik kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, artinya rata-rata minat praktik kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.
Pengembangan Media Audio Visual Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar Sistem Kopling di Universitas Muhhamadiyah Purworejo
Authors: Yusuf Ryan , Permatadi Aci
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui prosedur pengembangan media pembeajaran berbasis audio visual sistem kopling.2) Untuk mengetahui minat belajar mahasiswa pendidikan teknikotomotif semester 4 di Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo.3) Mempermudah pemahaman mahasiswa non SMK terhadap materi sistem pemindah tenaga khususnya pada pelajaran sistem kopling semester 4 di Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo.4) Meningkatkan minat belajar mahasiswa terhadap materi system pemindah tenaga khususnya pada pelajaran system kopling semester 4 Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Reseach and Development (R & D) dengan subyek penelitian yang diambil adalah mahasiswa semester 4 kelas B Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo yang bejumlah 39 mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner (angket) untuk mengetahui kelayakan media yang digunakan menggunakan lembar tanggapan mahasiswa dan angket minat belajar mahasiwa menggunakan angket minat belajar mahasiswa. Dari hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa : 1) prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran sistem audio visual sistem kopling meliputi pencarian potensi masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, perbaikan desain, uji coba produk, pengujian produk, uji coba pemakaian dan revisi produk. 2) media pembelajaran system audio visual sistem kopling layak digunakan untuk media pembelajaran. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari ahli media yang menunjukan skor rata – rata 3,1. Validasi dari ahli materi yang menunjukan skor rata – rata 3,4. Media pembelajaran sistem audio visual system kopling juga telah memenuhi kriteria kualitas media pembelajaran. Hal ini ditunjukkan melaluirespon mahasiswa yaitu meliputi uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh skor rata – rata 3,43 yang meliputi 5 mahasiswa dan uji coba kelompok besar memperolehskor rata – rata 3,13. 3) Pada minat belajar mahasiswa menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran audio visual sistem kopling dapat meningkatkan minat belajarmahasiswa semester 4 kelas B di Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo.
Acute Appendicitis Seen at Analankininina University Hospital during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: VB Razafindraibe , AD Jonatana , FCFP Rahantasoa , LH Samison , AH Rakotoarijaona
Published: October 2020

Acute appendicitis was often diagnosed at the complication stage during the Covid19 pandemic at CHU Analankininina Toamasina. Our objective was to discuss the particularity of the management of appendicitis during the pandemic.        Our study was prospective, descriptive for 6 months and took place in the general surgery department of the Analankininina Toamasina University Hospital Center, Madagascar from March 2020 to August 2020. We had collected 28 patients. The sex ratio was 3.66. The average age was 27.57 years. Appendicular abscess represented 64.29% (n=18) of the appendicular patients operated in emergency. Appendicular plastron occupied 14.29% (n=2) and generalized acute peritonitis was 7.14% (n=2). Post-operative follow-up was simple in 71.43% (n=20). The average length of hospitalization was 4 days. Acute appendicitis is often complicated during the Covid 19 pandemic in our hospital center. Surgery was systematic in our hospital, contrary to some literature which advocated antibiotic therapy at an early stage in front of the health emergency.
Factors Affecting the Maintenance of Dental and Oral Health in Children of Elementary School of Harapan 1 Class 3 in Sumber Mulyo Rejo District Madya Binjai City
Authors: Indrawati Ana , Badira Muhammad , Muhammad Imam
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the maintenance of oral health in SD (Elementary School) Harapan 1 grade 3 children in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai Madya City in 2018. The design of this study was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional study type. The research was conducted in SD Harapan I grade 1 to grade 3 in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai Madya City in 2018. When the research was conducted in February-September 2018. The number of samples was 86 respondents and data collection used a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression prediction models). The results showed that the maintenance of dental and oral health in SD Harapan 1 grade 1 to grade 3 children in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai Madya City in 2018 was 75.6% not good. There is a significant relationship between student knowledge, student attitudes, diet, motivation to care for teeth, the UKGS program, and the attitudes of parents at SD Harapan I Binjai with the maintenance of dental and oral health for students at SD Harapan I Binjai in 2018. The conclusion of this study is that motivation to care for teeth is a factor that is most related to the maintenance of dental and oral health in SD Harapan 1 grade 1 to grade 3 children in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai Madya City, 2018. Promotional efforts are needed to increase students' knowledge about the importance of maintaining oral health such as posters on how to brush teeth true, good time brushing teeth, toothpaste used for brushing teeth and brushing teeth directly activities together at school.
The Impact of Emerging 5G Technology on U.S. Weather Prediction
Authors: Benish Sarah E. , Reid Graham H. , Deshpande Abhinav , Ravan Shantam , Lamb Rachel
Published: October 2020

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks promise to provide faster and more expansive data connectivity, exceeding thresholds from previous fourth generation (4G) technology. The deployment of 5G infrastructure requires allocating additional frequencies in radio bands at 24 gigahertz (GHz), potentially contaminating neighboring remote sensing bands used for weather forecasting and prediction. The current U.S. out-of-band emissions limit at 24 GHz of -20 dBW per 200 MHz is projected to degrade meteorological forecast accuracy by up to 30%, reducing the hurricane forecast lead time by 2 to 3 days, and endangering thousands of additional lives. Under the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (Pub.L 115-25), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) must develop more accurate and timely severe weather forecasts in order to protect life and property and reduce economic risk; however, the potential out-of-band interference from the roll out of 5G threatens this aim. Given U.S. economic reliance on accurate weather prediction (estimated to be in the trillions of dollars), we propose that Congress mandate stricter noise restrictions to adequately meet requirements of the Pub.L 115-25, while minimizing disruption to 5G deployment.
Reform Workplace Practices of Chain Pharmacies to Reduce Medication Errors
Authors: Grant Crystal D. , Desautels Daniel J. , Puthota Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Pharmacists employed by chain pharmacies have raised concerns over corporate-mandated practices that compromise patient safety. Harsh working conditions and the pressure to meet mandated quality metrics have increased the likelihood of medication errors. Complications associated with medication errors exceed $40 billion and cause adverse health effects for hundreds of thousands of Americans annually. Despite their ubiquity, chain pharmacies face varying regulations as state pharmacy boards dictate individual statewide policies. There is minimal data collection on pharmacy practices and state pharmacy boards do not require pharmacies to report errors. We recommend Congress pass a bill mirroring the Illinois Pharmacy Practice Act to improve pharmacists’ working conditions and mandate data collection on medication errors nationwide.
Medical Necessity Standards for Mental Health Parity in California
Authors: Kalair Navita , Korn Clio , Maier Larissa J. , Pospiech Thomas , Sircar Neiloy R. , Vaidyanathan Trisha
Published: October 2020

One in six adults in California experience a mental illness, but up to 63% may not receive mental health services (California Health Care Foundation 2018). The treatment gap is even larger for people with substance use disorders (SUDs), and lack of treatment can lead to increased rates of suicide, homelessness, and incarceration (Weiner 2019a). Mental health parity laws require health insurance companies to cover mental and physical health services equally. These laws have helped reduce individual costs for mental health and SUD treatment (Ettner et al. 2016), but recent reports emphasize that California has not yet achieved full parity (Davenport, Gray, and Melek 2019; Parity Track 2019a; Weiner 2019b). Insurers commonly circumvent parity laws when denying behavioral health claims due to lack of “medical necessity,” a determination created by the insurer that lacks sufficient government oversight. We identify three issues with definitions of medical necessity and propose policy solutions that will 1) align medical necessity criteria with current scientific and medical standards, 2) regulate the influence of financial self-interest in assessing medical necessity, and 3) improve transparency of medical necessity criteria to clients. These solutions will help increase access to equitable, client-centered behavioral health care in California.
Hydrodynamic Winds from Twin-star Binaries
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Loeb Abraham
Published: October 2020

Stellar winds shape the evolution of stars through the loss of mass. In binary systems, they also shape the stars’ evolution by modifying the orbit. In this paper, we use hydrodynamic simulations to study the emergence of nearly isothermal winds from identical twin binaries. We vary the degree to which model stars fill their Roche lobes and the temperature of the wind. Initialized at rest on the stellar surfaces, winds accelerate away from the binary components through a sonic surface to supersonic outward velocities. In cases where the binary fills its Roche lobe, a shared subsonic region surrounds both components. We find that mass loss rates from close twin-star binaries are enhanced relative to the expectation from two single-object winds. This binary enhancement is best modeled as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity. Similarly, we find that the specific angular momentum with which winds emerge can vary between that of the binary components and that of the outer Lagrange points depending on the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity. Given that mass and angular momentum loss can be modeled as simple functions of wind velocity, our results may be broadly applicable to the evolution of close, equal-mass binaries. One particularly important potential application is to massive, close binaries, which may be progenitors of binary black hole mergers through the chemically homogeneous evolution channel.
A Late-time Radio Survey of Short Gamma-ray Bursts at z < 0.5: New Constraints on the Remnants of Neutron-star Mergers
Authors: Schroeder Genevieve , Margalit Ben , Fong Wen-fai , Metzger Brian D. , Williams Peter K. G. , Paterson Kerry , Alexander Kate D. , Laskar Tanmoy , Goyal Armaan V. , Berger Edo
Published: October 2020

Massive, rapidly spinning magnetar remnants produced as a result of binary neutron-star (BNS) mergers may deposit a fraction of their energy into the surrounding kilonova ejecta, powering a synchrotron radio signal from the interaction of the ejecta with the circumburst medium. Here, we present 6.0 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) observations of nine, low-redshift short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; z < 0.5) on rest-frame timescales of ≈2.4–13.9 yr following the bursts. We place 3σ limits on radio continuum emission of F

ν
 ≲ 6–20 μJy at the burst positions, or L

ν
 ≲  (0.6–8.3) × 1028 erg s−1 Hz−1. Comparing these limits with new light-curve modeling that properly incorporates relativistic effects, we obtain limits on the energy deposited into the ejecta of E
ej ≲ (0.6–6.7) × 1052 erg (

erg) for an ejecta mass of 0.03 M
⊙ (0.1 M
⊙). We present a uniform reanalysis of 27 short GRBs with 5.5–6.0 GHz observations, and find that ≳50% of short GRBs did not form stable magnetar remnants in their mergers. Assuming short GRBs are produced by BNS mergers drawn from the Galactic BNS population plus an additional component of high-mass GW194025-like mergers in a fraction f
GW190425 of cases, we place constraints on the maximum mass of a nonrotating neutron star (NS; Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff mass; M
TOV), finding

for f
GW190425 = 0.4; this limit increases for larger values of f
GW190425. The detection (or lack thereof) of radio remnants in untargeted surveys such as the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) could provide more stringent constraints on the fraction of mergers that produce stable remnants. If

radio remnants are discovered in VLASS, this suggests that short GRBs are a biased population of BNS mergers in terms of the stability of the remnants they produce.
Comprehensive Analysis of Magnetospheric Gaps around Kerr Black Holes Using 1D GRPIC Simulations
Authors: Kisaka Shota , Levinson Amir , Toma Kenji
Published: October 2020

Spark gaps are likely the source of plasma in active black hole (BH) magnetospheres. In this paper, we present results of 1D general relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of a starved BH magnetosphere with a realistic treatment of inverse-Compton scattering and pair production, for a broad range of conditions, run times longer than in previous studies, and different setups. We find that following the initial discharge, the system undergoes gradual evolution over prolonged time until either restoring the vacuum state or reaching a state of quasiperiodic oscillations, depending on the spectral shape and luminosity of the ambient radiation field. The oscillations occur near the null charge surface in cases where the global magnetospheric current is in the direction defined by the product of the asymptotic Goldreich–Julian charge density and the radial velocity, while they occur near the boundary of the simulation box when it is the opposite direction (return current). Their amplitude and the resultant luminosity of TeV photons emitted from the gap depend sensitively on the conditions; for the cases studied here the ratio of TeV luminosity to the Blandford–Znajek power ranges from 10−5 to 10−2, suggesting that strong flares may be generated by moderate changes in disk emission. We also examined the dependence of the solution on the initial number of particles per cell (PPC) and found convergence for PPC of about 50 for the cases examined. At lower PPC values the pair multiplicity is found to be artificially high, affecting the solution considerably.
Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy in Correcting the Indicators of Innate Immunity in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gavriliouk Evgeniia V. , Evsegneeva Irina V. , Mikhin Vadim P.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The study of indicators of innate immunity in patients with arterial hypertension in clinical trials makes it necessary to correct them in order to reduce vascular inflammation in arterial hypertension to prevent damage to target organs and development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy to correct indicators of innate immunity in patients with essential arterial hypertension.

Materials and methods: Patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) (II stage, 3rd degree) were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group included the patients with hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium; the 2nd group included the patients with atherosclerotic vascular lesions; the 3rd group included the patients with chronic kidney disease. As an initial antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, all the patients with essential arterial hypertension were prescribed perindo­pril (5–10 mg/day) and amlodipine (5–10 mg/day).

Results and discussion: Changes in innate immunity indices in patients with essential arterial hypertension (II stage, 3rd degree) are differentiated depending on the affected target organ. The antihypertensive pharmacotherapy with perin­dopril and amlodipine in patients with essential arterial hypertension has various corrective effects on impaired innate immunity, depending on the nature of target organ damage. Regardless of target organ damage, ноу antihypertensive therapy with perindopril and amlodipine does not affect the reduced functional and increased metabolic activities of peripheral blood neutrophils.

Conclusion: The results obtained dictate the need for further clinical studies of other classes of antihypertensive drugs and their combinations in the correction of innate immunity indices in order to effectively prevent the progression of target organ damage.

Graphical abstract:
Multi-target response surface optimization of the aqueous extraction of Macauba kernel oil
Authors: Magalhães K. T. , Tavares T. S. , Gomes T. M.C. , Nunes C. A.
Published: October 2020

Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a promising tropical palm for the production of vegetable oil for both the food and non-food sectors. In this work, a multi-target response surface optimization of the aqueous extraction of Macauba kernel oil aimed to maximize the oil yield and minimize the free acidy and peroxide value. High yield was achieved at a high pH, long extraction periods and moderate temperatures, but these conditions contributed to elevating the peroxide value of the oil. On the other hand, pH presented the only significant effect on the oil’s acidity, which decreased with the increase in pH in the aqueous medium. Therefore, the multi-target response surface optimization based on a desirability approach showed that pH 11, room temperature (25 °C) and a 60 min agitation time was preferred to obtain high yield and low free acidity and peroxide values. These conditions resulted in 30% yield (63.1% of the yield obtained by solvent extraction), 0.3% free acidity, and a peroxide value of 2.9 meqO2/kg. The oil from the optimized aqueous extraction had a higher saturated fatty acid content compared to that from solvent extraction, especially fatty acids with < 14 carbon atoms, which can make the oil harder and more useful for producing special fats for specific food applications.
Antioxidant activity, volatile compounds and fatty acid compositions of Cephalaria syriaca seeds obtained from different regions in Turkey
Authors: Kavak C. , Baştürk A.
Published: October 2020

Crude oil yield, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, antioxidant activity and some characteristics of Cephalaria syriaca seeds collected from different locations in Turkey were studied. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DDPH and ABTS tests and the results were in the range of 18.8-67.3% and 0.0-41.8 mmol Trolox eq g-1 DW, respectively; while total phenolic contents were between 4339-11907 mg GAE kg-1. The average α-tocopherol content was found to be in the range of 54-467 mg kg-1. Oil yield was between 11.2-24.0%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids. A total of 30 different volatile compounds were identified in the samples, mostly consisting of alcohols and aldehydes. The results of this study showed that Cephalaria syriaca seeds can be considered as alternative raw material in the production of edible oil, and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and food additives.
Role of Journalists in Development
Authors: Kibet Ngetich Joel
Published: October 2020

The Kenyan media is marked by an unpredictable and changing political, social, cultural, economic, and technological environment that has heavily influenced the professionalism of journalists. The journalistic work is being threatened by the political influences, the emergence of online journalism, and citizen journalism, which the journalists have no control over. The big dilemma is the seemingly declining professionalism of journalism. Given these contextual trends coupled with the structural changes in journalism as a practice, this chapter explores the professional autonomy of Kenyan journalists based on a study carried out in Nairobi County.
Streotyping Femininity and Masculinity in Television Drama Shows
Authors: Achando Vincent Mukangayi , Achando Mukangai
Published: October 2020

The world deals with the issue of stereotypes in every area and every way of life, from gender, race, tribe, to religious affiliation. This is amplified when media comes into play. Television drama series has far reaching effects on the viewers' perceptions of social issues in every culture and society. This is because the television drama series construct a reality that the viewers believe to be true or ideal. The purpose of this study was assessing of Papa Shirandula TV drama in stereotyping femininity and masculinity on the viewers in Kakamega. This research was carried out among the residents of Kakamega municipality who are audiences of Papa Shirandula TV show. The results show that femininity was portrayed in terms of a woman being a housewife, homemaker, and mother—ignorant, inferior, emotional, and dependent on men—while masculinity was portrayed in terms of a man being a breadwinner, head of family, superior, non-emotional, independent, and decision maker.
Developing the Leadership Potential of African Youth Through Online Communities
Authors: Maloiy Lanoi , Cranefield Jocelyn
Published: October 2020

This chapter draws on the results of an explorative, qualitative study that investigated how online communities can facilitate civic engagement amongst Millennials. Based on the study's findings, the chapter explores how the use of online communities can assist and empower youth, particularly African young people, to overcome barriers, empower and foster civic engagement. This chapter begins with a review of key literature, and then a summary of the study methodology, followed by a discussion of the study findings and their potential for African youth. Results of the study indicated that five facilitating factors and two barriers were influential towards youth civic engagement in an online context. Adult perceptions of youth and the low credibility of online communities were found to act as significant barriers to online youth participation. Given these key findings from the study, the authors show how to employ online communities to engage African youth civic participation and decision making.
Picturing the Indian Automotive Sector's Slowdown
Authors: Deb Rajat
Published: October 2020

The Indian automotive industry has remained a significant driver of the manufacturing sector and contributed to the GDP around 7% in 2018, but it is confronting its biggest slump in last 19 years with a double digit downfall in revenues across all segments. Such slowdown has caused job cuts of around 0.2 million workers, particularly contractual labourers, and shut down of around 300 dealers' shops in the last few months. A number of cyclical and structural contributing factors for the slowdown have been identified. Measures for turnaround are suggested, highlighting a recently announced stimulus package for reviving the industry.
The Unbearable Aesthetics of Violence That Comes From Another Dimension
Authors: Erdoğan Tuğran Filiz
Published: October 2020

In the 2000s, when the possibilities of cinema increased considerably, many violent stories became animatable with the help of technology. The Joker has been seen as the enemy of Batman and the city called Gotham City with unjustified violent acts. The film The Joker focuses on the Joker's life before all the acts of violence and how he went through the processes before doing these acts. In other words, the script of the film turned into the cause of the violence and took action to find the main reasons why the Joker turned into such a brutal character. This chapter will focus on the aesthetization of violence in cinema based on the Joker character and The Joker film that released in 2019. It will try to shed light on the relationship between art and violence based on the question of how the violence presented in many works of cinema can be approved.
Why Should We Still Be Hopeful?
Authors: Turgut Hasan
Published: October 2020

As dispositif, power has to make itself aesthetics in three planes: desire, body, and space. Firstly, desire makes mobilization possible in which power is constituted, whether it is regarded as a deficiency or as a production-machine of socius. Secondly, space provides publicity and timelessness to power. Finally, the omnipresence ability of power is revealed by the body. Actualizing of power come in sight throughout the synchronic relationality of these three planes. So, the aestheticization and actualization of power are the same processes. Therefore, power is in need of organization of images and feelings. This is what aestheticization of power is. So, the study is based on the claim that the aesthetics of power and the aesthetics of resistance are immanent. Within the framework of the theoretical analyses, the chapter discusses whether aestheticizations of power and resistance will provide opportunities for hopefulness.
Pedagogy as a Form of Praxis and Commitment
Authors: Dennis Barbara , Li Peiwei , Ross Karen , Zhao Pengfei
Published: October 2020

This chapter responds to a rising interest in re-imagining graduate school classrooms as a space for transforming social injustice. The authors situate the exploration of this issue in the context of teaching graduate-level research methodology courses. The chapter brings forth a student-centered and praxis-oriented approach to teaching graduate-level research methodology courses, which is grounded in the guiding principles of dialogue, relationality, and critical consciousness-raising. Through committing to these principles and to our students, the authors demonstrate profound connections between teaching and being. They argue that cultivating student-centered and critical teaching is not the work of creating a set of tools, but instead an engagement with being and becoming through praxis and commitment. Throughout this chapter, we draw on our teaching experiences and collaborative scholarship to illustrate what it means to connect teaching with praxis and commitments.
Interpretation of the Construction Standard of Smart City Standard Systems
Authors: Sun Xiangyang , Fan Daiqian , Li Qing , Fu Bofeng
Published: October 2020

Intelligent cities are the inevitable trend of urban information construction, but in this inevitable trend, how one ensures the construction achievement of smart city, takes full action to maximum efficiency of information, and avoids losses are very worthy of consideration. Based on the background of intelligent cities, this chapter explains the related concept of management and service and risk and operation. Clarifying the related problems, and giving relevant suggestions as well as applications based on the current social development, further direction is provided.
Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Evaluation of Ankara-Izmir High-Speed Train Project
Authors: Efe Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2020

In Turkey, where important projects are materialized in transportation and logistics field, different alternatives are developed for transportation systems. Among these, high-speed train (HST) systems are the most popular transportation types. HST is preferred for many economic, technological, ecological, and social situations. In this chapter, it is made the evaluation of the Ankara-İzmir HST line. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, is used in the evaluation. Fuzzy logic contributes to decision making using linguistic variables in uncertain environment. This chapter takes into consideration in the realization of the HST project some criteria such as the places in the railway line, the population structure of the cities, accessibility, and accession to significant logistical points. As a result, “population structure” criterion among the evaluation criteria was found to have more importance.
What Makes an Educational Augmented Reality Application Good?
Authors: Fidan Mustafa
Published: October 2020

In recent years, teachers have started to integrate augmented reality (AR) technology as a potential learning tool into classroom activities. The main concern is the quality of the existing applications rather than brand-newness. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the components of a good educational AR application based on the experiences of teachers and to examine the current situation on the integration of AR to learning environments. Qualitative methodology was used in this study. The sample consisted of 24 teachers working in public schools in Turkey. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the thematic analysis. The results showed that the components of a good AR application in education were gathered under four main themes: “analysis process,” “design process,” “teaching-learning process,” and “evaluation components.” Implications for the design and use of the AR applications in educational settings were also included in the study.