bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workload evaluation of clinical pharmacists in the ambulatory care setting
Authors: Van Dril Elizabeth , Schumacher Christine , Kliethermes Mary Ann , Borchert Jill S. , Buros Stein Amy
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Inpatient clinical pharmacists' roles and contributions to team‐based care are well established; however, there is limited evidence describing the activities and processes for the delivery of care by ambulatory care clinical pharmacists.

Objectives

The primary objective was to measure time spent on daily activities that comprise the workload of clinical pharmacists providing direct patient care services in an integrated ambulatory care setting.

Methods

A prospective, ethnographic, and observational pilot study was conducted at six pharmacist‐integrated multidisciplinary ambulatory care clinics. Clinical pharmacist participants were observed for up to three nonconsecutive clinic workdays. Participant demographics, site characteristics, and self‐reported engagement in direct patient care activities were collected. Workload was evaluated through direct observation of time spent on daily clinical and administrative activities. Time allocated, visit type, number of disease states assessed, and use of clinical support staff were collected for each visit. Results were stratified based on participant engagement in targeted, dual, or comprehensive medication management (CMM) visits, in which one, two, or three or more disease states were assessed, respectively. The primary outcome was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Ten clinical pharmacists were observed for a total of 26 clinic workdays. Of prespecified activities, clinical pharmacist participants spent the most time documenting care activities, spending a mean (SD) of 6.6 (6.7), 8.0 (8.2), and 7.6 (7.7) minutes after targeted, dual, and CMM visits, respectively. There was a large variation in the distribution of prespecified clinical and administrative activities among participants. Years of practice experience, postgraduate training, board certification(s), duration of practice at the site, and site characteristics did not affect the distribution of time spent on activities (P > .05).

Conclusions

This evaluation articulates the daily activities that contribute to the work of ambulatory care clinical pharmacists and may serve as the foundation to perform more comprehensive evaluations of their contributions to patient outcomes.
Cln1‐mutations suppress Rab7‐RILP interaction and impair autophagy contributing to neuropathology in a mouse model of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Sadhukhan Tamal , Bagh Maria B. , Appu Abhilash P. , Chandra Goutam , Mondal Avisek , Saha Arjun , Mukherjee Anil B.
Published: April 2020

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a devastating neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene. CLN1 encodes palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase‐1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the deacylation of S‐palmitoylated proteins to facilitate their degradation and clearance by lysosomal hydrolases. Despite the discovery more than two decades ago that CLN1 mutations causing PPT1‐deficiency underlies INCL, the precise molecular mechanism(s) of pathogenesis has remained elusive. Here, we report that autophagy is dysregulated in Cln1−/− mice, which mimic INCL and in postmortem brain tissues as well as cultured fibroblasts from INCL patients. Moreover, Rab7, a small GTPase, critical for autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, requires S‐palmitoylation for trafficking to the late endosomal/lysosomal membrane where it interacts with Rab‐interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), essential for autophagosome‐lysosome fusion. Notably, PPT1‐deficiency in Cln1−/− mice, dysregulated Rab7‐RILP interaction and preventing autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, which impaired degradative functions of the autolysosome leading to INCL pathogenesis. Importantly, treatment of Cln1−/− mice with a brain‐penetrant, PPT1‐mimetic, small molecule, N‐tert (butyl)hydroxylamine (NtBuHA), ameliorated this defect. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of CLN1/PPT1 in autophagy and suggest that small molecules functionally mimicking PPT1 may have therapeutic implications.
Deficiency of 3‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) in mice causes low ketone body levels and fatty liver during fasting
Authors: Otsuka Hiroki , Kimura Takeshi , Ago Yasuhiko , Nakama Mina , Aoyama Yuka , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Matsumoto Hideki , Ohnishi Hidenori , Sasai Hideo , Osawa Masatake , Yamaguchi Seiji , Mitchell Grant A. , Fukao Toshiyuki
Published: April 2020

d‐3‐Hydroxy‐n‐butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1; EC 1.1.1.30), encoded by BDH1, catalyzes the reversible reduction of acetoacetate (AcAc) to 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB). BDH1 is the last enzyme of hepatic ketogenesis and the first enzyme of ketolysis. The hereditary deficiency of BDH1 has not yet been described in humans. To define the features of BDH1 deficiency in a mammalian model, we generated Bdh1‐deficient mice (Bdh1 KO mice). Under normal housing conditions, with unrestricted access to food, Bdh1 KO mice showed normal growth, appearance, behavior, and fertility. In contrast, fasting produced marked differences from controls. Although Bdh1 KO mice survive fasting for at least 48 hours, blood 3HB levels remained very low in Bdh1 KO mice, and despite AcAc levels moderately higher than in controls, total ketone body levels in Bdh1 KO mice were significantly lower than in wild‐type (WT) mice after 16, 24, and 48 hours fasting. Hepatic fat content at 24 hours of fasting was greater in Bdh1 KO than in WT mice. Systemic BDH1 deficiency was well tolerated under normal fed conditions but manifested during fasting with a marked increase in AcAc/3HB ratio and hepatic steatosis, indicating the importance of ketogenesis for lipid energy balance in the liver.
Having some fun with it: A theoretical review and typology of activity‐based play‐at‐work
Authors: Celestine Nicole A. , Yeo Gillian
Published: April 2020

In recent decades, practitioner interest in the notion of “play” at work has generated a surge of research on the topic of play‐at‐work activities. Findings suggest that activity‐based play‐at‐work can produce an array of positive outcomes for individuals and the organization. However, there remains uncertainty about which forms of play are effective for meeting which particular objectives as past reviews have either focused on a narrow activity or treated all activities as uniform. In this paper, we draw on knowledge from the play and management literatures to review 122 studies of activity‐based play‐at‐work and its outcomes. By identifying several activity‐based play‐at‐work concepts from the literature, we apply both theoretical and data‐driven approaches to generate a two‐dimensional typology comprising four categories. These categories are manager‐initiated work‐embedded play (e.g., serious play), self‐/peer‐initiated work‐embedded play (e.g., experiencing one's work as a “game,” “puzzle,” or “sport”), manager‐initiated diversionary play (e.g., celebrations), and self‐/peer‐initiated diversionary play (e.g., joking practices). In our discussion, we unify play‐at‐work activities under an energy‐management framework and consider implications for understanding each of the four categories in our typology using both theories applied in past research and energy‐related theories from neighboring literatures.
Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Cobb Leah H. , McCabe Emily M. , Priddy Lauren B.
Published: April 2020

Osteomyelitis, or the infection of the bone, presents a major complication in orthopedics and may lead to prolonged hospital visits, implant failure, and in more extreme cases, amputation of affected limbs. Typical treatment for this disease involves surgical debridement followed by long‐term, systemic antibiotic administration, which contributes to the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and has limited ability to eradicate challenging biofilm‐forming pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus—the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Local delivery of high doses of antibiotics via traditional bone cement can reduce systemic side effects of an antibiotic. Nonetheless, growing concerns over burst release (then subtherapeutic dose) of antibiotics, along with microbial colonization of the nondegradable cement biomaterial, further exacerbate antibiotic resistance and highlight the need to engineer alternative antimicrobial therapeutics and local delivery vehicles with increased efficacy against, in particular, biofilm‐forming, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Furthermore, limited guidance exists regarding both standardized formulation protocols and validated assays to predict efficacy of a therapeutic against multiple strains of bacteria. Ideally, antimicrobial strategies would be highly specific while exhibiting a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. With a focus on S. aureus infection, this review addresses the efficacy of novel therapeutics and local delivery vehicles, as alternatives to the traditional antibiotic regimens. The aim of this review is to discuss these components with regards to long bone osteomyelitis and to encourage positive directions for future research efforts.
Transection of the medial meniscus anterior horn results in cartilage degeneration and meniscus remodeling in a large animal model
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Miller Liane M. , Patel Jay M. , Meadows Kyle D. , Eby Michael R. , Saleh Kamiel S. , Martin Anthony R. , Stoeckl Brendan D. , Hast Michael W. , Elliott Dawn M. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: April 2020

The meniscus plays a central load‐bearing role in the knee joint. Unfortunately, meniscus injury is common and can lead to joint degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). In small animal models, progressive degenerative changes occur with the unloading of the meniscus via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). However, few large animal models of DMM exist and the joint‐wide initiation of the disease has not yet been defined in these models. Thus, the goal of this study is to develop and validate a large animal model of surgically induced DMM and to use multimodal (mechanical, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging) and multiscale (joint to tissue level) quantitative measures to evaluate degeneration in both the meniscus and cartilage. DMM was achieved using an arthroscopic approach in 13 Yucatan minipigs. One month after DMM, joint contact area decreased and peak pressure increased, indicating altered load transmission as a result of meniscus destabilization. By 3 months, the joint had adapted to the injury and load transmission patterns were restored to baseline, likely due to the formation and maturation of a fibrovascular scar at the anterior aspect of the meniscus. Despite this, we found a decrease in the indentation modulus of the tibial cartilage and an increase in cartilage histopathology scores at 1 month compared to sham‐operated animals; these deleterious changes persisted through 3 months. Over this same time course, meniscus remodeling was evident through decreased proteoglycan staining in DMM compared to sham menisci at both 1 and 3 months. These findings support that arthroscopic DMM results in joint degeneration in the Yucatan minipig and provide a new large animal testbed in which to evaluate therapeutics and interventions to treat post‐traumatic OA that originates from a meniscal injury.
Land use policies in Nepal: An overview
Authors: Nepal Pashupati , Khanal Narendra R. , Zhang Yili , Paudel Basanta , Liu Linshan
Published: April 2020

Land degradation due to change in land use and land cover (LULC) is one of the most serious global environmental problems. Public policies are important drivers of LULC change and play equally important role in promoting sustained land use. An understanding of the policies framed under different socio‐economic and political conditions and its implications helps refining the policies for sustained land use. This paper discusses the policies, legislative and institutional provisions made by the government for LULC resources, its implications with gaps and constraints for further improvement. Both published and unpublished documents – government policies, legislations, and reports; historical documents such as land grant certificates; articles and books were collected, reviewed, and analyzed covering a period of 409 years. The results show that policies and legislation were guided by different goals in different political and socio‐economic contexts, and have led different pathways. Before 1951, they were guided by royal orders with the goal of exploiting free labour, increasing land tax revenues, and gaining favor from influential people in the government resulting expansion of agricultural areas, deforestation, and reclamation of waste land. After 1951, they were focused on the redistribution of agricultural land. Later in the 1980s and 1990s, the policies were emphasized on conservation and the people's participation. Recently, the concept of land use zoning was introduced. It also shows that there are overlapping of roles and responsibilities of institutions and lack of coordination among government agencies. An effective coordination mechanism among intuitions is crucial for sustained land management.
Excellent Mechanical and Transparency Properties of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane Films Modified by Boehmite Sol
Authors: Pan Peiting , Du Xiaosheng , Qiu Jinghong , Du Zongliang , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu
Published: April 2020

The strategies for nanosol from metal alkoxide have enabled production of ultratransparent and mechanically robust polymer nanocomposites at extremely high loading. Herein, a simple approach to fabricate high‐performance polyurethane‐based nanocomposites via unmodified boehmite nanoparticles is reported. Evaluating their physical properties, the uniform dispersion of boehmite in the matrix caused nanocomposites retains ultrahigh transparency. Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular entanglement between boehmite and polyurethane brings about the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites material enhanced, i.e., strength, stiffness, and toughness. Optimized strength, stiffness, and toughness of Boehmite/Cationic waterborne polyurethane at 40 wt% (BNC40) are up to 58.1 MPa, 1096.7 MPa, 249.5 MJ m−3, respectively. Furthermore, the feasibility and mechanism of polymer strengthening and toughening by inorganic rigid nanoparticles is explored from the aspects of crystallinity and micromorphology.
Minimum dose rate estimation for pulsed FLASH radiotherapy: A dimensional analysis
Authors: Zhou Sumin , Zheng Dandan , Fan Qiyong , Yan Ying , Wang Shuo , Lei Yu , Besemer Abigail , Zhou Christina , Enke Charles
Published: April 2020

Purpose/objectives

To provide an order of magnitude estimate of the minimum dose rate () required by pulsed ultra‐high dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH RT) using dimensional analysis.

Materials/methods

In this study, we postulate that radiation‐induced transient hypoxia inside normal tissue cells during FLASH RT results in better normal tissue sparing over conventional dose rate radiotherapy. We divide the process of cell irradiation by an ultra‐short radiation pulse into three sequential phases: (a) The radiation pulse interacts with the normal tissue cells and produces radiation‐induced species. (b) The radiation‐induced species react with oxygen molecules and reduce the cell environmental oxygen concentration (). (c) Oxygen molecules, from nearest capillaries, diffuse slowly back into the resulted low regions. By balancing the radiation‐induced oxygen depletion in phase II and diffusion‐resulted replenishment in phase III, we can estimate the maximum allowed pulse repetition interval to produce a pulse‐to‐pulse superimposed reduction against the baseline . If we impose a threshold in radiosensitivity reduction to achieve clinically observable radiotherapy oxygen effect and combine the processes mentioned above, we could estimate the required for pulsed FLASH RT through dimensional analysis.

Results

The estimated required for pulsed FLASH RT is proportional to the product of the oxygen diffusion coefficient and inside the cell, and inversely proportional to the product of the square of the oxygen diffusion distance and the drop of intracellular per unit radiation dose. Under typical conditions, our estimation matches the order of magnitude with the dose rates observed in the recent FLASH RT experiments.

Conclusions

The introduced in this paper can be useful when designing a FLASH RT system. Additionally, our analysis of the chemical and physical processes may provide some insights into the FLASH RT mechanism.
Is laterality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia a reliable prognostic factor? French national cohort study
Authors: Pinton Anne , Boubnova Julia , Becmeur François , Kuhn Pierre , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Stirnemann Julien , Capelle Marianne , Rosenblatt Jonathan , Massardier Jérôme , Vaast Pascal , Le Bouar Gwenaelle , Desrumaux Amélie , Connant Laure , Begue Laetitia , Parmentier Benoit , Perrotin Franck , Diguet Alain , Benoist Guillaume , Muszynski Charles , Scalabre Aurélien , Winer Norbert , Michel Jean‐Luc , Casagrandre‐Magne Florence , Jouannic Jean‐Marie , Gallot Denis , Coste Mazeau Perrine , Sapin Emmanuel , Maatouk Alexis , Saliou Anne‐Hélène , Sentilhes Loïc , Biquard Florence , Mottet Nicolas , Favre Romain , Benachi Alexandra , Sananès Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess whether the laterality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was a prognostic factor for neonatal survival.

Methods

This was a cohort study using the French national database of the Reference Center for Diaphragmatic Hernias. The principal endpoint was survival after hospitalization in intensive care.

We made a comparative study between right CDH and left CDH by univariate and multivariate analysis. Terminations and stillbirths were excluded from analyses of neonatal outcomes.

Results

A total of 506 CDH were included with 67 (13%) right CDH and 439 left CDH (87%). Rate of survival was 49% for right CDH and 74% for left CDH (P < .01). Multivariate analysis showed two factors significantly associated with mortality: thoracic herniation of liver (OR 2.27; IC 95% [1.07‐4.76]; P = .03) and lung‐to‐head‐ratio over under expected (OR 2.99; IC 95% [1.41‐6.36]; P < .01). Side of CDH was not significantly associated with mortality (OR 1.87; IC 95% [0.61‐5.51], P = .26).

Conclusion

Rate of right CDH mortality is more important than left CDH. Nevertheless after adjusting for lung‐to‐head‐ratio and thoracic herniation of liver, right CDH does not have a higher risk of mortality than left CDH.
Optimization of structure and properties of polyphenylene sulfide porous membrane by controlling the process of thermally induced phase separation
Authors: He Zhongchen , Ren Hongqing , Li Junfeng , Huang Tingjian , Zhang Shengchang , Liu Pengqing
Published: April 2020

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) porous membranes were successfully prepared from miscible blends of PPS and polyethersulfone (PES) via thermally induced phase separation followed by subsequent extraction of the PES diluent. The morphologies, crystalline structures, mechanical properties, pore structures and permeate fluxes of the PPS porous membranes obtained from different phase separation processes were characterized and are discussed. During the phase separation in the heating process, PPS and PES mainly underwent liquid–liquid phase separation, and then a nonhomogeneous porous structure with a mean pore size of 100 μm and a honeycomb‐like internal structure formed on the membrane surface. The phase separation of PPS/PES occurring in the cooling process was easier to control and the related pore diameter distribution was more regular. In the process of direct annealing, as the phase separation temperature decreased, the pore size distribution became more homogeneous and the mean diameter of the pores also decreased gradually. When the phase separation temperature decreased to 200 °C, PPS membranes with a network structure and a uniform as well as well‐interconnected porous structure could be obtained. In addition, the maximum permeation flux reached 1718.03 L m–2 h–1 when the phase separation temperature was 230 °C. The most probable pore diameter was 6.665 nm, and the permeate flux of this membrane was 2.00 L m–2 h–1; its tensile strength was 17.07 MPa. Finally, these PPS porous membranes with controllable pore structure as well as size can be widely used in the chemical industry and energy field for liquid purification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Conjugated polymers for functional applications: lifetime and performance of polymeric organic semiconductors in organic field‐effect transistors
Authors: Kimpel Joost , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2020

Developments in the performance of organic field‐effect transistors have produced devices with similar, and in some cases even better, charge transport properties compared to amorphous silicon. For devices to be viable in more appliances and industry, their lifetime must be improved. However, advances in lifetime are lagging compared to other properties, such as charge carrier mobilities. The lack of a standardized methodology to evaluate the lifetime adds complications, as this property can mostly be compared qualitatively rather than quantitatively. Still, extension of lifetime has been realized through intelligent design of device architecture or alterations that benefit the stability of a device's active organic semiconducting polymer. More unique methods to improve the stability of organic field‐effect transistors, such as blending the semiconducting layer with other polymers or imposing micro‐/nanostructures in the device, have yielded positive results. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on the formation and structural evolution of bead‐on‐string in electrospun polysulfone mats
Authors: Rasouli Maryam , Pirsalami Sedigheh , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba
Published: April 2020

Bead‐on‐string is a desirable morphology for some emerging applications of electrospun mats such as superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, the bead‐on‐string morphology in electrospun polysulfone (PSU) mats was investigated and correlated with the solution concentration, voltage and feed rate. PSU/dimethylformamide solutions with different concentrations (4, 5.5, 7, 15, 18 and 20 wt% PSU) were electrospun at a constant feed rate (3.5 mL h–1) and voltage (15 kV). Critical chain overlap and entanglement concentrations were found to be 3.65 and 7.12 wt% PSU, respectively. The bead‐on‐string morphology was detected in the concentration range 7–18 wt% PSU, in close agreement with theoretical estimations. The evolution of the bead‐on‐string morphology in mats prepared from 15 wt% PSU solution and electrospun at three feed rates (i.e. 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mL h–1) and voltages (i.e. 12.5, 15 and 18 kV) were also studied. The results showed that the beads appear less in number as either the feed rate or the voltage increases. In addition, the morphology of the beads revealed a transition from a spherical to a spindle‐like appearance with an increase in voltage. The effect of feed rate on bead geometry, however, was revealed to depend on the applied voltage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Spray printed conjugated polymer on tissue paper for highly sensitive pressure sensors
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Hua , Liang Xiaoguang , Sun Qi‐Jun
Published: April 2020

Flexible pressure sensors are attracting global research interest because of their potential applications in wearable health monitoring, e‐skin and artificial intelligence. However, a multiple‐step fabrication process and sophisticated template are usually required in the construction of pressure sensing devices, which is time‐consuming and greatly increases the fabrication cost. It is highly desirable to achieve high‐performance pressure sensor devices via a simple and cost‐efficient fabrication process. Here, a flexible pressure sensor is realized by employing spray printed conductive conjugated polymer on tissue paper as the active layer. The pressure sensor shows a high pressure sensitivity of 3.3 kPa−1 in a broad detection range from 10 Pa to 10 kPa, a response time of 20 ms and a relaxation time of 30 ms. Additionally, the devices exhibit an excellent durability over 6000 loading/unloading cycles, demonstrating their great potential application in practice. With the merits of the excellent device performance of our pressure sensors, applications in wrist pulse monitoring and voice recognition are successfully demonstrated. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of sulfoxaflor‐loaded natural polysaccharide floating hydrogel microspheres against Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in rice fields
Authors: Yang Liupeng , Wang Shiying , Ma Qianli , Song Zixia , Hou Ruiquan , Huang Suqing , Cheng Dongmei , Zhang Zhixiang
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) nymphs and adults aggregate and feed on leaf sheaths at the base of rice plants. It is difficult to apply traditional spray treatments directly onto the plant stems due to the blocking agent produced by leaves. Further, spiders and mirids, the natural enemies of N. lugens (Stal), are directly exposed to the chemicals during spraying. Sulfoxaflor‐loaded natural polysaccharide microspheres with good performance were developed and tested in rice fields. The absorption, distribution, and dissipation of sulfoxaflor in rice plants, soil, and water were examined.

RESULTS

Sulfoxaflor‐loaded natural polysaccharide microspheres were prepared through physical embedding and ionic crosslinking, using citronellol as an oil phase to provide floatation. The sustained release of sulfoxaflor was achieved through swelling and dissolution, indicating that these structures could effectively control pesticide release. Field experiments showed that these microspheres were able to float in water and gather around the stem of rice plants and that their insecticidal effect was remarkably improved compared to that achieved using the suspension concentrate. Results also showed that the residual content of stems following treatment with sulfoxaflor‐loaded natural polysaccharide microspheres reached 0.331 mg kg–1, but was reduced in other parts of the plant.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, sulfoxaflor‐loaded natural polysaccharide microspheres with optimized properties were successfully prepared. These microspheres produced a better control effect on N. lugens (Stal) compared to the use of the sulfoxaflor suspension concentrate. Their application may help promote the scientific control of target pests in rice fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of benzothiazole on survival for reduced reproduction and development in Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Cui Kaidi , He Leiming , Zhang Zhengqun , Zhang Lingyan , Mu Wei , Liu Feng
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is an important stored‐product pest that is distributed worldwide and has developed resistance to many insecticides. Identifying novel and effective alternative insecticides is important for the control of T. castaneum. The volatile compound benzothiazole has been identified as having great acute toxic activity against T. castaneum. However, a comprehensive evaluation of a new insecticide should include both direct toxic effects and sublethal effects. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of benzothiazole on the development and reproduction of T. castaneum.

RESULTS

Exposure of fourth‐instar larvae to lethal and sublethal concentrations of benzothiazole (LC10, LC30 and LC50) significantly decreased pupation rates, food intake and growth rates in T. castaneum. Larval duration was significantly reduced by approximately 1 day in the LC30 and LC50 treatment groups. The LC50 benzothiazole caused a significant decrease in the weight of pupae and adults, fecundity and egg hatchability. Increased and decreased nutrient (carbohydrate and lipid) contents were observed in surviving larvae and pupae, respectively. The LC30 and LC50 treatments caused the down‐regulation of five growth‐positive regulated genes (PI3K, AKT, CyclinE, S6K1 and S6K2) and the up‐regulation of two growth‐negative regulated genes (4EBP and FOXO).

CONCLUSION

Benzothiazole presented adverse effects on the development and reproduction of T. castaneum, further supporting benzothiazole as a highly active compound in stored‐product protection. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk analysis of human error in interaction design by using a hybrid approach based on FMEA, SHERPA, and fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Zhu Liping
Published: April 2020

User experience is the focus of interaction design, and designing for errors is crucial for improving user experience. One method of designing for errors is to identify human errors and then initiate corrective actions on high‐risk errors to reduce their adverse effects. In this study, we proposed a hybrid approach for risk analysis of human error concerning user experience of interactive systems. In this approach, systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA) is first adopted to identify human error concerning user experience. Subsequently, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is used to analyze the risk factors of the error, including occurrence, severity, and detection. Fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is then used to calculate the risk priority number to rank the errors. Finally, corrective actions for high‐risk errors are recommended. An in‐vehicle information system was used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results indicated that the proposed approach can effectively analyze the risk of human error concerning user experience and be used as a universal reliability approach for improving user experience in interaction design.
An efficient radix trie‐based semantic visual indexing model for large‐scale image retrieval in cloud environment
Authors: Krishnaraj N. , Elhoseny Mohamed , Lydia E. Laxmi , Shankar K. , ALDabbas Omar
Published: April 2020

In recent years, massive growth in the number of images on the web has raised the requirement of developing an effective indexing model to search digital images from a large‐scale database. Though cloud service offers effective indexing of compressed images, it remains a major issue due to the semantic gap between the user query and diverse semantics of large‐scale database. This article presents a radix trie indexing (RTI) model based on semantic visual indexing for retrieving the images from cloud platforms. Initially, an interactive optimization model is applied to identify the joint semantic and visual descriptor space. Next, an RTI model is applied to integrate the semantic visual joint space model for finding an effective solution for searching large‐scale sized dataset. Finally, a Spark distributed model is applied for deploying the online image retrieval service. The performance of the proposed method is validated on two standard dataset, namely, Holidays 1 M and Oxford 5 K in terms of mean average precision (mAP) and processing time under varying dataset sizes. During experimentation, the presented RTI model shows the maximum mAP value of 0.83 under the dataset size of 1000. Similarly, under the sample count of 1000, it is noted that the standalone server requires a maximum of 118 minutes to complete the process, whereas the spark cluster requires a minimum of around only 19 minutes to finish the process. The experimental outcome showed improvement in terms of various measures over the best rivals in the literature.
Stocked‐Fish Introgression into Wild Brook Trout Populations Depends on Habitat
Authors: Bruce Spencer A. , Kutsumi Yuka , Van Maaren Chris , Hare Matthew P.
Published: April 2020

The genetic constitution of populations is affected by myriad factors, including both natural and anthropogenic habitat transformations. Previous work on the population structure of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis has suggested that supplemental stocking for fishery enhancement has transformed natural genetic diversity. We utilized microsatellite analysis of 11 loci to examine the genetic structure of over 950 Brook Trout sampled across 50 locations, including hatcheries; holding ponds; wild, unstocked waters; and repeatedly stocked waterbodies across Adirondack lakes and ponds in New York State, USA. From these data, we estimated the degree of introgressive hybridization, tested for associations with landscape and stocking variables, and tested predicted patterns of genetic diversity, effective population size, and genetic population structure. Widespread repeated stocking of a single hybrid strain has led to the dramatic genetic homogenization of Brook Trout across the sampled lakes and ponds. Model selection indicated that environmental factors were more important than stocking intensity for determining the extent of stocked‐fish introgression, and certain environmental circumstances may make some populations relatively resilient to repeated stocking activities. Known, protected heritage strains were confirmed as mostly unadmixed, but holding ponds with heritage brood populations used for supplemental stocking had become differentiated from the natal strains in two of the three cases tested. In addition to the importance of these results for understanding the effects of stocking activities on the genetic integrity of Brook Trout populations, our findings illustrate how current genetic techniques can aid in the development of management practices that are related to the conservation of species supporting economically important freshwater fisheries.
Balancing Waterfowl Hunting Opportunity and Quality to Recruit, Retain, and Reactivate
Authors: Schummer Michael L. , Simpson John , Davis J. Brian , Shirkey Brendan , Wallen Kenneth E.
Published: April 2020

Waterfowl hunter numbers and waterfowl populations were closely correlated until the past 2 decades when hunter numbers declined despite near‐record breeding population estimates for ducks in North America. As a result, efforts to recruit, retain, and reactivate (R3) waterfowl hunters have been promoted by the North American Waterfowl Management Plan community because hunters are a key source of funding for wetland‐wildlife habitat conservation and management. Increasing access and opportunity for hunting appears to be the primary R3 strategy in North America. We suggest that hunt quality is an equal, if not more important, facet of waterfowl hunter R3 that is substantially overlooked and undervalued by current R3 initiatives. We contend that providing abundant access and opportunity to hunt waterfowl alone, especially if it jeopardizes hunting quality, is inadequate. We urge the R3 community to integrate principles and methods used within the human dimensions field to focus on the relationships between quality, motivation, and satisfaction across various audiences and market segments. Such an approach will help R3 initiatives establish an empirical evidence base to develop strategies specifically focused on identifying key hunt quality or opportunity factors. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Development and deployment of KASP markers for multiple alleles of Lr34 in wheat
Authors: Fang Tilin , Lei Lei , Li Genqiao , Powers Carol , Hunger Robert M. , Carver Brett F. , Yan Liuling
Published: April 2020

Key message

Heterogeneous Lr34 genes for leaf rust in winter wheat cultivar ‘Duster’ and KASP markers for allelic variation in exon 11 and exon 22 of Lr34.

Wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), is a hexaploid species, and each of three homoeologous genomes A, B, and D should have one copy for a gene in its ancestral form if the gene has no duplication. Previously reported leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 has one copy on the short arm of chromosome 7D in hexaploid wheat, and allelic variation in Lr34 is in intron 4, exon 11, exon 12, or exon 22. In this study, we discovered that Oklahoma hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Duster’ (PI 644,016) has two copies of the Lr34 gene, the resistance allele Lr34a and the susceptibility allele Lr34b. Both Lr34a and Lr34b were mapped in the same linkage group on chromosome 7D in a doubled-haploid population generated from a cross between Duster and a winter wheat cultivar ‘Billings’ which carries the susceptibility allele Lr34c. A chromosomal fragment including Lr34 and at least two neighboring genes on its proximal side but excluding genes on its distal side was duplicated in Duster. The Duster Lr34ab allele was associated with tip necrosis and increased resistance against leaf rust at adult plants in the Duster × Billings DH population tested in the field, demonstrating the function of the Duster Lr34ab allele in wheat. We have developed KASP markers for allelic variation in exon 11 and exon 22 of Lr34 in wheat. These markers can be utilized to accelerate the selection of Lr34 in wheat.
Painful and non-painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors: results from the population-based PROFILES registry
Authors: Bonhof C. S. , Trompetter H. R. , Vreugdenhil G. , van de Poll-Franse L. V. , Mols F.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to (1) examine the prevalence of painful versus non-painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) among long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, (2) identify sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors associated with painful and non-painful CIPN, and (3) examine the associations of painful CIPN with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in comparison with non-painful CIPN, i.e., numbness/tingling.

Methods

All CRC survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 as registered by the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry (Eindhoven region) were eligible for participation. Chemotherapy-treated survivors (n = 477) completed questions on CIPN (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) and HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30).

Results

Painful CIPN was reported by 9% (n = 45) of survivors and non-painful CIPN was reported by 22% (n = 103). Time since diagnosis was related to painful CIPN, and time since diagnosis, a higher disease stage, osteoarthritis, and more anxiety symptoms were related to non-painful CIPN. Finally, survivors with painful CIPN reported a worse global quality of life and worse physical, role, cognitive, and social functioning compared to survivors with non-painful CIPN and those without any sensory CIPN. No differences were found between survivors with non-painful CIPN and those without sensory CIPN.

Conclusions

It seems that painful CIPN must be distinguished from non-painful CIPN, as only painful CIPN was related to a worse HRQoL. Future research is needed to examine whether painful CIPN must be distinguished from non-painful CIPN regarding predictors, mechanisms, and treatment.
Real-world data of the association between quality of life using the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level utility value and adverse events for outpatient cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Hirose Chiemi , Fujii Hironori , Iihara Hirotoshi , Ishihara Masashi , Nawa-Nishigaki Minako , Kato-Hayashi Hiroko , Ohata Koichi , Sekiya Kumiko , Kitahora Mika , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Takahashi Takao , Okuda Kumiko , Naruse Masayo , Ishihara Takuma , Sugiyama Tadashi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Suzuki Akio
Published: April 2020

Background

Outpatient cancer chemotherapy may lead to improved quality of life (QOL) by allowing treatment to continue without impairing the social lives of patients compared with hospitalization. However, the occurrence of serious adverse events may cause a decline in QOL. We investigated the relationship between outpatient chemotherapy–induced adverse events and QOL.

Methods

A single-center retrospective descriptive study was conducted in patients who received outpatient chemotherapy at Gifu University Hospital (Gifu, Japan) between September 2017 and December 2018. The utility values of QOL, type and severity of adverse events, type of cancer, chemotherapy regimen, and other patient demographics were analyzed. Adverse events were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. QOL was evaluated using the Japanese version of the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L). Associations between the EQ-5D-5L utility value and serious adverse events were assessed using adjusted (age and sex) odds ratios obtained with a proportional odds logistic regression model.

Results

Data from 1008 patients who received 4695 chemotherapy cycles were analyzed. According to proportional odds logistic regression, the adverse events that significantly correlated with a decreased EQ-5D-5L utility value were malaise, edema of the limbs, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus, and dry skin. Based on the proportional odds logistic analysis, neither cancer type nor anticancer drugs were significantly correlated with the EQ-5D-5L utility value in patients who received chemotherapy. Pharmaceutical care for peripheral neuropathy significantly improved patients’ EQ-5D-5L utility value from 0.747 to 0.776 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Adverse events (i.e., peripheral neuropathy, malaise, and edema of the limbs) are significantly correlated with a decrease in QOL, regardless of the type of cancer or anticancer drugs used. Pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacists in collaboration with physicians may improve QOL.
Highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on carbonized porous conducting polymers
Authors: Lahiri Abhishek , Li Guozhu , Endres Frank
Published: April 2020

A rational design of an efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst for water splitting still remains a challenge. Porous conducting polymers are attractive materials which not only provide a high surface area for electrocatalysis but also absorb light which can be harnessed in photoelectrocatalysis. Here, a novel and inexpensive electrochemical approach is developed to obtain nanoporous conducting copolymers with tunable light absorbance and porosity. By fine-tuning the copolymer composition and upon heat treatment, an excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was achieved in alkaline solution with an overpotential of just 77 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Such an overpotential is remarkably low compared with other reported values for polymers in an alkaline medium. The nanoporous copolymer developed here shows a great promise of using metal-free electrocatalysts and brings about new avenues for exploitation of these porous conducting polymers.
International student mobility and labour market outcomes: an investigation of the role of level of study, type of mobility, and international prestige hierarchies
Authors: Van Mol Christof , Caarls Kim , Souto-Otero Manuel
Published: April 2020

Over the last decades, there has been increasing interest in the topic of international student mobility (ISM). However, there is surprisingly little analysis of the ways in which different characteristics and types of short-term ISM or the importance of host education systems and labour markets may affect early career outcomes of formerly mobile graduates. Therefore, in this study we explore, first, the relationship between participation in ISM at the Bachelor and Master level and graduates’ wages and the duration of education-to-work transitions. Second, we investigate variations in ISM labour market outcomes according to the type of mobility: study, internships, or combinations of both. Third, we examine the relationship between labour market outcomes of formerly mobile students and the country of destination’s position in higher education international prestige hierarchies and labour market competitiveness. We use the Dutch National Alumni Survey 2015, a representative survey of higher education graduates in the Netherlands, conducted 1.5 years after graduation. Before controlling for selection into ISM, the results suggest the existence of labour market returns to ISM and that the heterogeneity of ISM experiences matters as labour market outcomes vary according to the level of study, the type of mobility, and the positioning of the country of destination in international prestige hierarchies. However, after controlling for selection into ISM through propensity score matching, the differences in early career outcomes between formerly mobile and non-mobile graduates disappear, suggesting that they cannot be causally attributed to their ISM experience. We explain these results with reference to the characteristics of the Dutch education system and labour market, where restricted possibilities for upward vertical mobility limit returns to ISM in the local labour market.
Thermodynamic properties of calcium alkali phosphates Ca(Na,K)PO4
Authors: Herzel Hannes , Grevel Klaus-Dieter , Emmerling Franziska , Dachs Edgar , Benisek Artur , Adam Christian , Majzlan Juraj
Published: April 2020

Calcium alkali phosphates Ca(Na,K)PO4 are main constituents of bioceramics and thermochemically produced phosphorus fertilizers because of their bioavailability. Sparse thermodynamic data are available for the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4. In this work, the missing data were determined for the low-temperature phase modifications of the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4 and three intermediate Ca(Na,K)PO4 compositions. Standard enthalpy of formation ranges from − 2018.3 ± 2.2 kJ mol−1 to − 2030.5 ± 2.1 kJ mol−1 and standard entropy from 137.2 ± 1.0 J mol−1 K−1 to 148.6 ± 1.0 J mol−1 K−1 from sodium endmember β-CaNaPO4 to potassium endmember β′-CaKPO4. Thermodynamic functions are calculated up to 1400 K for endmembers and the sodium-rich intermediate phase β-Ca(Na0.93K0.07)PO4. Functions above 640 K are extrapolated because of the phase transition from low- to high-temperature phase. Impurities in the synthesized intermediate phases γ-Ca(Na0.4K0.6)PO4 and γ-Ca(Na0.35K0.65)PO4 and one additional phase transition around 500 K impeded the determination of high-temperature thermodynamic functions. In general, data for phase transition temperatures agree with the previously reported phase diagrams.
Objectivity in contexts: withholding epistemic judgement as a strategy for mitigating collective bias
Authors: Koskinen Inkeri
Published: April 2020

In this paper I discuss and develop the risk account of scientific objectivity, which I have recently introduced, contrasting it to some alternatives. I then use the account in order to analyse a practice that is relatively common in anthropology, in the history of science, and in the sociology of scientific knowledge: withholding epistemic judgement. I argue that withholding epistemic judgement on the beliefs one is studying can be a relatively efficient strategy against collective bias in these fields. However, taking into account the criticisms presented against the strategy, I also argue that it is a usable strategy only when the distance between the researchers and their ideas, and the people and ideas being studied, is significant enough.
Disstressassoziierte Erkrankungen im Arztberuf – Wie wirksam sind resilienzfördernde Interventionen?
Authors: Kerwagen Fabian
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Ärztliches Personal ist starkem beruflichem Disstress ausgesetzt. Im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung besteht eine erhöhte Prävalenz von disstressassoziierten Erkrankungen wie Depression, Burnout und Suchtverhalten.

Fragestellung

Können resilienzfördernde Interventionen ärztlichen Disstress reduzieren?

Material und Methoden

Systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken „The Cochrane Library“, „Medline“ (via „PubMed“) und „Embase“ im Zeitraum von 2011–2018. Vergleich von vier randomisiert kontrollierten Studien.

Ergebnisse

Resilienzfördernde Interventionen können ärztlichen Disstress reduzieren. Insbesondere Berufsanfänger/-innen und weibliches ärztliches Personal scheinen davon zu profitieren.

Diskussion

Da bereits Kurzinterventionen einen positiven Effekt zeigen, sollten resilienzfördernde Maßnahmen im beruflichen Alltag von Ärztinnen und Ärzten implementiert werden.