bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proposal for Translating Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant
Authors: Lambeth Morganna ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Translators of Heidegger’s interpretations of other thinkers face a challenge: they must contend not only with Heidegger’s distinctive choice of words, but also the terminology of his subject, whether it be Aristotle, Kant, or Schelling. The response by and large has been to focus on Heidegger’s turns of phrase, at the expense of the thinker he interprets. In this paper, I challenge this practice, using Heidegger’s interpretive works on Kant as a test case. If we overlook the terms of the author Heidegger interprets, we miss a major source of Heidegger’s phrasing, and lose the connotations that he invokes by using these terms. Further, such translations reinforce the damaging assumption that Heidegger’s interpretations venture far off-topic. I argue that when Heidegger references Kantian turns of phrase, these terms should be translated to match the standard English translation of Kant, and show how following this method of translation deepens our understanding of Heidegger’s Kant interpretation. In the appendix, I provide two passages exemplifying this method of translation.
A Heideggerian Critique of Immersive Art
Authors: Mäcklin Harri ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Immersive art has been one of biggest trends in the artworld for the past few years. Yet, so far there has been little philosophical discussion on the nature and value of this immersive trend. In this article, I show how Heidegger’s meditations on art can provide a robust assessment of immersive art. On the one hand, immersive art can be taken to culminate in Heidegger’s views on the “machinational” character of modern art, where artworks turn into calculative experience machines, geared to provide “lived experiences” rather than experi­ences of truth. On the other hand, Heidegger’s thought also lends itself to a more positive assessment, where immersive art undermines machination from within and provides experiences of wonder, which are irreducible to and uncontrollable by calculative thinking.
Thinking Transcendence: Heidegger’s Ontological Concept of Freedom
Authors: Schmidt Stefan ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

According to Hans Ruin, there are two ways to approach the examination of freedom in Heidegger’s writings: One can use the notion of freedom as a heuristic concept to interpret the entirety of Heidegger’s work as a philosophy of freedom, which was famously done by Günter Figal, or one can reconstruct Heidegger’s actual use of the notion of freedom. In my paper I’ll focus on the second approach and show that although “freedom” or, rather, “being-free” can already be found in Being and Time, his more elaborate concept of freedom as transcendence is developed in the years 1928-1930. These years are part of a time period in which Heidegger tried to develop his own positive concept of metaphysics. The main texts which show this development are the lecture course The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic and the essay On the Essence of Ground. Based on Aristotle’s twofold metaphysics—consisting of ontology and philosophical theology—Heidegger sketches his own concept of metaphysics. The fundamental ontology which plays the role of ontology is complemented by his cosmological interpretation of theology: metontology. Together, they form Heidegger’s novel notion of metaphysics: the metaphysics of Dasein. Whereas fundamental ontology is concerned with the question of Being, the main subject of metontology is world as beings as a whole. Heidegger develops his concept of transcendence, i.e., metontological freedom, which describes the connection between freedom and world, on the basis of the terms world-projection (Weltentwurf), world-view (Weltanschauung), and world-formation (Weltbildung), each describing an aspect of transcendence.
Alienation and Freedom in Heidegger’s Beiträge
Authors: Bahoh Jim ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

If we are to understand the conditions in which human existence or Dasein might be free, we must understand the conditions in which it is not free, that is, the nature of the conditions whereby Dasein’s freedom is constricted. In this paper I explore the idea that at best Heidegger’s ontology might support a picture of freedom somewhat akin to Spinozan freedom: in the right conditions we might to a greater or lesser degree act in a way aligned with our own being. In the post-Kehre Heidegger of the 1930s and early 40s, this would take the form of existing in a way properly grounded in – or rather, aligned with our ground in – beyng (Seyn) as event (Ereignis). If this is the case, to understand the conditions whereby we are not free – at least at an ontological level – means to understand the nature of our alienation from our ground in beyng as event. In this paper, I examine Heidegger’s account of the nature of this alienation in Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis). In that text, this alienation is described in terms of our condition within an alienated configuration or ‘epoch’ of history – that of metaphysics – a configuration defined by ‘Seinsverlassenheit’ (‘abandonment by being’), expressed in terms of ‘Machenschaft’ (machination), ‘Vor-stellung’ (representation), and ‘Erlebnis’ (lived experience).
Sartre’s Challenge to Idealism in Heidegger
Authors: Remhof Justin ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

In the Introduction to Being and Nothingness, Sartre provides what he calls an “ontological proof” that purports to undermine Heidegger’s idealist view that the existence of objects is constitutively dependent on our characteristically human mode of existence. In this paper, I introduce an interpretation of Heidegger’s idealism, develop Sartre’s criticism of Heidegger, and explore a promising way Heidegger might respond. It will emerge that Heidegger’s idealism, if understood correctly as embracing a modal commitment central to Kantian idealism, survives Sartre’s ontological proof.
Heidegger, Caesar, and the Violent Disclosure of Being in the Roman Context
Authors: von der Luft Karl ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Heidegger’s critical reading of Rome foregrounds the assumptions of Roman metaphysics as they come to light in language. I contend in this paper that this critique is problematized by Heidegger’s own account of the violent reciprocity of being and Dasein in the 1935 Introduction to Metaphysics. In unduly emphasizing the properly “philosophic” activity of Rome, Heidegger seems to pass over what is definitive for Rome with respect to being. Roman Dasein is essentially political, and its political activity correctly understood is no less disclosive of being than is philosophy. This activity occurs most profoundly in the person and work of Julius Caesar. In order to read in Caesar the radical consummation of Roman political violence, we will look to the portrait provided by the Greco-Roman Plutarch. Plutarch’s Life of Caesar will provide particularly fecund soil for our Heideggarian analysis insofar as it connects the nature and problematic of Caesar’s self-appointed task with the violence of being and the tragic uncanniness of human greatness. Caesar will be shown to stand in the extreme possibility of Roman Dasein as one who turns finally and definitively against Rome itself.
“Volo, ut sis:” Freedom as Co-Disclosure in Heidegger’s Being and Time
Authors: Conque Andrea ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Martin Heidegger’s concern for the notion of freedom is evident in his masterwork, Being and Time (SZ). As presented in SZ, care becomes the locus for a robust discussion of freedom, here defined as the ‘letting-be’ of others who are co-present, but with the addition of authentic solicitude. As Dasein is a being defined by care, we turn to Heidegger’s translation of a line from Augustine as our guide: “Volo, ut sis” – I want you to be what you are. For the Heidegger of SZ, authentic solicitude is that which allows us to be free for our ownmost possibilities – and to free others for theirs.
Heidegger’s Disavowal of Metaphysics
Authors: Carman Taylor ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Until the mid-1930s, Heidegger used the word “metaphysics” with no pejorative implication; it simply meant philosophy. By about 1936, however, he began using the word to refer not to philosophy as a whole, but to a dominant tradition beginning with Plato and ending with Nietzsche. Metaphysics, he would now say, does not just happen to fail to address the question of being, but occludes it, concealing it and rendering it unaskable, virtually incomprehensible. Heidegger’s disavowal of the word “metaphysics” was in part a rhetorical response to Carnap, but it also marked the beginning of his substantive critique of “representational” or “calculative” thinking. Representational thinking aspires to comprehend entities as such and as a whole in their being. But the horizon or background against which such comprehension takes place cannot itself occupy a place in the totality of entities, so the metaphysical aspiration is forlorn. Heidegger’s later thought aims at an “overcoming of metaphysics” – not in Carnap’s sense, but rather to think not just the meaning of being, which is to say being understood as the being of entities, but the truth of being, that is, the way in which being as such manifests itself. Confusion about this change of direction in Heidegger’s later thinking has been generated in part by his own disingenuous attempts to rewrite the history of his own early philosophy in order to make it appear more consistent with his later critique of metaphysical thinking.
Teaching to Learn, Learning to Teach
Authors: Davies Katherine ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Heidegger’s three Country Path Conversations have generated much scholarly interest for their elaboration on Heidegger’s thinking of Gelassenheit, scientific and technological thinking, the work of art, evil, and the political aftermath of World War II. In this paper, I argue that these texts also, upon closer analysis, contain a Heideggerian pedagogical philosophy. In each text, I will show, a dynamic of teaching and learning is at play, most especially when it seems to be absent. Further, I will show how only when these three texts are read together does a fuller account of Heidegger’s pedagogy emerge. In the “Triadic Conversation,” I draw out the affective dimensions according to which the Guide’s teaches the Scientist to contest his own worldview. In the “Tower Conversation,” I show how the Teacher must practice what he himself teaches, choosing to tarry with that which causes him discomfort and anxiety. Finally, I read the “Evening Conversation” as an example of students assuming the teaching role themselves when the teacher is nowhere to be found, fulfilling the hopes any teacher would have for her students.
Beyond Bestand
Authors: Rentmeester Casey ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Humans face wide-ranging and global challenges in the Anthropocene, the most prominent of which is anthropogenic climate change. Our initial pivot as a civilization towards sustainability has been to rely heavily on technological innovation powered most obviously by engineers. Using the climate activist Greta Thunberg’s speech at the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference as my inspiration, I try to show how some of the technology-based solutions only entrench what I call our “Bestance” mentality, that is, the fundamental stance or orientation humans have toward the natural world in the Anthropocene wherein all entities show up as mere resources. Having shown the various ways in which traditional ethical approaches and environmental philosophical approaches have proved unhelpful, I try to how a Heideggerian ecophenomenological approach can help us not only understand how the world shows up to us in the Anthropocene, but also what a more graceful way of being might look like. Using specific examples of current technologies, including hydraulic fracturing, horizontal drilling, desalination, and artificial nitrogen-based fertilization, I use Heidegger’s philosophical concepts to show how the land, sea, and air have become Bestand in the Anthropocene, that is, mere materials on hand to be manipulated in order to serve human interests. I then utilize Heidegger’s notion of dwelling as a useful concept to guide a more graceful way of living in which we respect the way in which things unfold on their own terms using examples similarly embedded in the land, sea and air.
Surviving Sustainability: Degrowth, Environmental Justice, and Support for the Chronically Ill
Authors: Smith Andrew F. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2021

The quest for ecological sustainability—specifically via prioritizing degrowth—creates significant, often overlooked challenges for the chronically ill. I focus on type-1 diabetes, treatment for which depends on nonrenewables and materials implicated in the global proliferation of toxins that harm biospheric functions. Some commentators suggest obliquely that seeking to develop ecologically sustainable treatments for type-1 shouldn’t be prioritized. Other medical concerns take precedence in a post-carbon world marked by climate change and widespread ecological devastation. I challenge this view on three grounds. Its proponents (i) fail to treat type-1 as the public health issue it is, particularly within the context of what Sunaura Taylor calls disabled ecologies. They (ii) deny persons with type-1 an equal opportunity to pursue survival. And they (iii) presume without warrant that treating type-1 is an all-or-nothing affair. Indeed, research by biohackers points to suboptimal but potentially workable ways to make type-1 survivable in a post-carbon future—so long, I stress, as their findings are cripped in a manner that foregrounds the demands of environmental justice.
Confession Versus Collusion
Authors: Snyder Robert Lance ,   Marquette University Press
Published: July 2021

In Agent Running in the Field (2019), his final novel, John le Carré reprises elements of his post-Cold War critique of transnational espiocratic duplicity and collusion, while also emphasizing the moral imperative of principle-driven constancy and confession as an antidote to the pathology of infection he associates with contemporary geopolitics. His virtuosity in tackling this theme, one also addressed though differently in A Legacy of Spies (2017), validates fellow author Ian McEwan’s assessment that le Carré “will be remembered as perhaps the most significant novelist” of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in Britain.
Significant factors of the right to defend the defendant in international law
Authors: Gordić Jovan
Published: July 2021

In international and national legal theory, basic human rights are defined due to their universal and individual significance. The right to defend the accused is one of them. Given that in legal, political, security theory, the content in question is substantively and precisely elaborated in almost all important documents of international character. The defendant's procedural guarantees were proclaimed in international documents, both of a universal and regional character. The right to defense (as a complex set of rights and duties) can define the procedural position of the defendant. The paper will deal with only some important factors of international standards of the right to defense.
Can RFID be Successfully Used in Shipbuilding?
Authors: Pruyn Jeroen , Carrasquilla Julio , Molenaar Willem
Published: July 2021

The goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and possibilities of RFID in shipbuilding. Through a literature study various similar applications have been found with very promising results. Next we analysed representative shipbuilding processes and identified the possible benefits of the application of RFID, such as reducing errors in data transfer, localization etc. Based on this we set up a number of tests with the industry, providing practical feedback on feasibility, reliability etc. Preliminary results seem very promising for some of the foreseen applications.
NSRP-US Navy Initiatives to Reduce the Costs of Painting Navy Ships
Authors: Ault J. P. , Cogswell S.
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses how the US Navy and NSRP SP-3 panel are working together to reduce the cost of painting Navy ships. In addition to describing the various entities and how they interact, the paper summarizes several recent initiatives such as the acceptability of flash rust on hydroblasted surfaces, implementation of single coat tank coatings, retention of pre-construction primers, humidity control during tank painting and paperless QA processes.
A cadeia produtiva de peixes ornamentais no estado do Amazonas
Authors: Yamamoto Kedma Cristine , Rodrigues Heraldo Peixoto , Amazonas Maria Glauciney Fernandes Macedo , Santos Euclides Luis Queiroz de Vasconcelos , Loebens Sara de Castro
Published: July 2021

No Estado do Amazonas a pesca de peixes ornamentais é considerada uma das atividades extrativistas geradora de emprego e renda para a população ribeirinha. A pesca ornamental é sustentada por uma grande riqueza de espécies presentes na região fazendo com que o Estado seja um dos principais exportadores de peixes ornamentais. O conhecimento sobre a cadeia produtiva da pesca ornamental no Amazonas apresenta grandes problemas oriundos de defasagem de dados, das mudanças econômicas a nível da movimentação do mercado internacional e da competição com outros países. Com isso, buscando unir informações, o presente estudo propôs descrever e analisar a cadeia produtiva da pesca ornamental no Estado do Amazonas, apresentando as características e a contribuição dos atores envolvidos além de identificar possíveis mudanças que tenham ocorrido na cadeia produtiva nos últimos vinte anos. A pesquisa foi realizada através de levantamento bibliográfico utilizando as plataformas de busca Periódicos CAPES, Sciverse ScienceDirect, Scirus e Google Acadêmico. As seguintes palavras chaves foram empregadas: cadeia-produtiva, pesca ornamental, peixes ornamentais, extrativismo de peixes, piabeiro, comércio de peixes ornamentais e exportação de peixes ornamentais. Dados sobre a exportação foram provenientes do Sistema Integrado de Comércio Exterior – SISCOMEX através da plataforma ALICEWEB. Atualmente, a cadeia de cadeia produtiva de peixes ornamentais parece se sustentar com atores antigos, porém com um número de indivíduos reduzido em cada papel com o passar dos anos. Além disso, normalmente são tomadas como padrão as características da pesca ornamental realizada no Alto Rio Negro, porém foi evidenciada variação na dinâmica em cada região do Estado. Conhecer a cadeia produtiva de peixes ornamentais é de suma importância para a preservação de espécies, elaboração de planos de manejo e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, podendo assim sustentar a socioeconômica tão cheia de nuances da pesca ornamental e da região Amazônica.
More than a decade of reports of rabies in herbivores and loss of bats' habitat in the state of Rondônia
Authors: Fujihara Rodrigo Izuro , Meneguelli Mayra , Barbosa Ezequiel Ferreira , Mira Ãtila Bezerra de , Barbosa Kelly Cristina Araujo , Silva Francisco Carlos da , Schons Sandro de Vargas
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to conduct a retrospective study of rabies cases in herbivores in the state of Rondônia, from 2002 to 2014, and the relation of epidemic peaks to anthropized areas of the Amazon rainforest, mainly associated with the loss of bats' natural habitat. For this purpose, data related to the species affected, month, year and the geographic coordinates of the places where the cases occurred were collected. They were inserted in the Epi InfoTM 7.1.5.2 platform and QGIS Version 2.14.1 to determine Pearson frequency, distribution, regression, and linear correlation. During the period, 170 bovine animals and 19 horses were diagnosed with the disease, in 47 municipalities of the 52 existing ones. Regarding habitat loss, especially in municipalities with a high incidence of notifications, these were related to a series of forest clearance events, such as the construction of hydroelectric plants and the convergence of immigration flows to the state of Rondônia, with the expansion of the National agricultural frontier. Positive cases in herbivores were observed in all years of the study, with an average of 14 cases/year and a trend of seasonality during the rainy season. In a general context, there was a decrease of 1.9% in positive tests in relation to negative tests, each year of the period and the reduction in municipalities affected.
Study of three days duration coupling between jets in South América
Authors: Ramos Emily Claudia Pereira , Machado Luiz Gabriel Cassol , Nunes André Becker
Published: July 2021

It can be understood by coupling between jets when Upper-Level Jet (ULJ) superimposes the Low-Level Jet (L LJ). The literature shows that such couplings tend to generate or intensify surface instabilities. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the synoptic configuration and the coupling between the jets associated with storms during the period of October 28-30, 2019, when instabilities hit southern Brazil causing intense precipitation and several damages. This work was carried out through the analysis of meteorological fields employing ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite imagery. The coupling between jets was verified in the three days of study. Upward vertical movements at 500 hPa was observed in the same area of occurrence of the upper level difluent flow, as well as an intense 850 hPa northerly flow, a large amount of moisture due to the action of the Northwestern Argentinean Low, and the presence of a frontal system between Uruguay and RS, except on the first day.  Storms developed east (downstream) of the area where the coupling took place. The coupling was observed before and during the development of the mesoscale convective systems, and its dissipation occurred simultaneously with the storm. However, on the 30th, the peak of coupling did not occur together with the most intense phase of the system, it occurred before.
Uso de resíduo da fabricação da farinha de mandioca para produção otimizada de biodiesel
Authors: Dantas Érica Janaina de Moraes , Tschoeke Isabelle Cristine Prohmann , Silva Josivan Pedro da , Melo James Correia de , Sales Filho Romero Luiz Mendonça , Souza Werônica Meira de , Lima Marilene da Silva , Souza Thibério Pinho Costa
Published: July 2021

Durante a fabricação da farinha de mandioca após o processo de prensagem ocorre a extração de um líquido rico em ácido cianídrico, venenoso para a nutrição animal, conhecido popularmente como manipueira. A manipueira é a água residuária proveniente da produção de farinha de mandioca com elevada carga poluente e tóxica, que pode contaminar cursos d'água e os solos, se não for corretamente descartada. Em contra ponto, a produção de farinha é uma importante fonte de renda, sobretudo para pequenos agricultores familiares que, em geral, não têm recursos necessários para tratar esse efluente antes de descartá-lo. Além disso, essas pequenas comunidades produtoras não tem o devido conhecimento técnico sobre os danos ambientais do despejo dessa água residuária no ambiente sem qualquer tratamento preliminar. Ao identificar que se trata de um problema ambiental comum no agreste pernambucano foi instalada uma usina na cidade de Lajedo-PE para produzir etanol a partir da manipueira. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo a otimização operacional da produção de biodiesel usando álcool de manipueira e óleo vegetal de algodão, também bastante produzido na região. O biodiesel foi produzido na usina de Caetés-PE gerenciada pelo Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste - CETENE. O etanol passou por um processo de purificação que contou com destilação azeotrópica e desidratação por glicerol a fim de se obter álcool anidro. O biodiesel produzido se mostrou de excelente qualidade com teores de éster acima de 98%.
Avaliação de modelos cinéticos na produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo de algodão
Authors: Dantas Érica Janaina de Moraes , Tschoeke Isabelle Cristine Prohmann , Silva Josivan Pedro da , Melo James Correia de , Sales Filho Romero Luiz Mendonça , Souza Werônica Meira de , Lima Marilene da Silva , Souza Thibério Pinho Costa
Published: July 2021

Com a busca crescente por substitutos ao diesel como combustível, devido aos problemas ambientais e de saúde pública que o óleo proporciona, surge a necessidade de trocar o óleo diesel por outros óleos que sirvam como substitutos de mesma eficiência e de menor impacto ambiental. O uso de modelos cinéticos para a produção de biodiesel é importante para a produção do biocombustível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um modelo para a transesterificação do óleo de algodão via rota etílica. As variáveis estudadas foram: Temperatura (50°, 60° e 70°), Relação Molar (6/1, 10/1 e 14/1) e percentagem de catalisador (0,50% 0,75% e 1,0%). Uilizou-se um planejamento fatorial 23. Com um R2 = 0,9897, o modelo foi bem representativo. Os maiores valores dos teores de ésteres foram obtidos quando se utilizou a concentração de catalisador baixo e razão molar alta resultando em rendimentos acima de 97 % (60°C). Foi adotado um modelo de primeira ordem. Os dados cinéticos kr = 0,2745 min-1 e Ea = 27.480 J/mol que foram obtidos para o etanol se mostraram compatíveis com o esperado quando este foi comparado ao modelo cinético do metanol proposto pela literatura. Obteve-se também valores para as constantes da reação consecutiva (k1 = 0,22 min-1; k2 = 0,67 min-1; k3 = 1,33 min-1). Um estudo cinético utilizando um modelo por rede neural também foi desenvolvido, o mesmo se mostrou mais eficiente em descrever os diversos aspectos de influência sobre a transesterificação. Levando a um erro médio de 2,1488, e um R2 de 0,990.
Profile of rural properties with dairy production and its reflexes in the future: health problem and water contamination
Authors: Majolo Fernanda , Rempel Claudete , Bergmann Patrícia Caye , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da
Published: July 2021

Crop protections have a great dispersion capacity, consequently human exposure to these chemicals can cause several diseases. Thus, this study aimed to present data on rural properties with dairy production in the Taquari Valley in relation to the use of crop protections associated with health problems and water contamination. All participants were interviewed, determined the Quality of Life (QoL) by Whoqol-bref instrument and collected water for physical-chemical analysis. Of the 86 rural producers interviewed, 79 make controlled application, 11 of which do not control the application in the vicinity of wells, streams and improvements. Only three producers use crop protection products without control close to water courses and four do not use crop protection products on the property. The overall average QoL of rural producers was considered adequate for all domains, being above average. Regarding the physical-chemical parameters, the water destined for human consumption presented compliance with the legislation. However, for total and thermotolerant coliforms, water was considered unfit for human consumption, not complying with the legislation. Raising awareness of a better quality of life for rural producers, minimizes risks to human and animal health and the environment, ensuring quality of life for future generations.
Avaliação dos parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos de poços individuais no município de Barcarena/PA
Authors: Pantoja Danielle Nazaré Salgado Mamede , Ribeiro Hebe Morganne Campos , Loiola Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de , Costa Gysele Maria Morais , Pantoja Nailda Gomes , Cabral Gleice dos Santos , Furtado Layse Gomes
Published: July 2021

Águas subterrâneas podem ser atingidas de diversas formas pela ação antrópica, impactando diretamente em sua qualidade e composição, podendo trazer efeitos deletérios a população abastecida por estes poços. O Município de Barcarena pertence à Mesorregião Metropolitana de Belém teve seu crescimento econômico baseado na implantação de grandes projetos industriais. No entanto, apesar deste crescimento, o município possui falta de infraestrutura, adensamento populacional, e uso e ocupação do solo inadequada com degradação de seus recursos hídricos. Para avaliar o impacto destas atividades, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade da água proveniente de poços individuais consumida pelas famílias residentes na região próxima à área industrial de Barcarena-PA de acordo com os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos e as condições de potabilidade previstas no Anexo XX da Portaria de Consolidação nº 5 de 28/09/2017 do Ministério da Saúde. O estudo revelou que em um número amostral de 50 poços, 100% das amostras não atendiam as condições de potabilidade previstas na legislação acima citada, sendo que para os parâmetros microbiológicos, foi detectada a presença de Coliformes totais em 84% das amostras e 54% apresentaram contaminação por Escherichia coli nos poços analisados. E ao avaliarmos o desfecho das análises dos parâmetros físico-químicos, o maior percentual de não conformidade foi em decorrência do pH, que alcançou 90 %, seguida do parâmetro de cor aparente que representou em 42% das reprovações. Considerando-se ainda a contaminação dos poços por E. coli foi verificado que poços com maior pH tem mais chances de serem contaminados por E. coli. Portanto, é possível apontar a fragilidade do recurso hídrico, cuja qualidade da água pode estar estreitamente associada à profundidade do poço para captação da água, vulnerabilidade ambiental local, infiltração e lixiviação ocorridas nesta região.
Prospecção biotecnológica de bactérias endofíticas associadas à cactáceas
Authors: Beraldo-Borrazzo Jesieli , Mangolin Claudete Aparecida , Machado Maria de Fatima Pires da Silva
Published: July 2021

Os microrganismos endofíticos são comumente representados por fungos ou bactérias, que colonizam diferentes tecidos em pelo menos uma parte de seu ciclo de vida com as plantas, sem desenvolver sintomas evidentes de doenças na planta hospedeira, caracterizando assim, relações simbióticas, mutuais ou até mesmo neutras. Os microrganismos endofíticos constituem uma grande parte da diversidade microbiana ainda inexplorada, particularmente em plantas da família Cactaceae. A família Cactaceae é representada por plantas perenes, geralmente suculentas, sendo o Brasil, considerado o terceiro maior centro de diversidade das cactáceas no continente Americano. O conhecimento da comunidade endofítica associada a estas plantas é fundamental, pois, permite obter informações sobre a biodiversidade e bioprospecção microbiana, uma vez que a associação bacteriana endofítica deve refletir o seu grau de adaptação com espécies específicas de plantas hospedeiras, e também com o ambiente no qual está inserida, o que aprimora a produção de compostos bioativos em diversidade química e propriedades biológicas. Este estudo de revisão buscou analisar os relatos do isolamento de bactérias endofíticas associadas com espécies de cactáceas, devido estas possuírem grande importância na produção de biomoléculas ativas de interesse biotecnológico, o que possibilita a descoberta de novos bioprodutos que poderão ser bioprospectados na agricultura, indústria ou farmacologia.
Saco hermético e filme plástico na conservação de pimentão verde, sob condições de armazenamento ambiente
Authors: Aguiar Francisco Ivo dos Santos , Silva Marcelo de Sousa da , Freitas Júnior Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira , Bandeira Rafael Silva , Macedo Karla Bianca da Costa , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Neves Júnior Augusto Cézar Vieira , Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de , Martins Moisés Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

O pimentão (Capsicum annum L.) é uma hortaliça altamente perecível, o que reduz a sua vida pós-colheita, caso não seja conservada adequadamente. Objetivou analisar a eficiência de diferentes revestimentos plásticos sobre a conservação pós-colheita do pimentão verde. Os pimentões foram adquiridos na CEASA de São Luís (MA) e encaminhados ao laboratório. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcela subdividida no tempo (3, 6, 9 e 12 dias de armazenamento), com três tratamentos (sem embalagem, filme plástico e saco hermético), quatro repetições e dois frutos por parcela (bandeja). Os pimentões foram armazenados sobre bancada, em condição ambiente (T = ± 25°C; UR = 48%), durante 12 dias. Avaliaram-se a perda de massa fresca, acidez total titulável (ATT), pH e sólidos solúveis totais, bem como suas correlações no amadurecimento do pimentão. Ao término do estudo, recomenda-se o uso de saco hermético na conservação pós-colheita de pimentão verde, pois esta tecnologia propicia conservação de importantes atributos de qualidade, como a massa fresca, acidez, pH e sólidos solúveis, durante 12 dias de armazenamento ambiente. Isso pode reduzir perdas quantitativas e/ou qualitativas, com reflexos positivos nos indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais da comercialização de pimentão verde.
Territorial inequality and spatial justice. How level is the sustainable development playing field?
Authors: Solly Alys
Published: July 2021

Currently, inequality levels are on the rise although the spatial dimension of social, economic and environmental justice is also gaining prominence. At the same time, progressive institutional changes are underway in many cities and regions. This paper looks at these paradigm shifts through the lenses of sustainable well-being and of spatial justice. It also reflects on the concepts of territorial disparity and scarcity of resources, as well as on the challenges of assessing spatial justice. Finally, the paper discusses the role of spatial planning in tackling these issues, in the light of current approaches to sustainable development such as the circular economy.
Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The article aims to characterise the phenomenon, determine the degree, and analyse the dynamics and directions of change in the level of asymmetry of economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union (EU) based on GDP per capita (PPP). It also aims to propose a typology of cross-border areas in the EU considering the above criteria. The obtained results show that despite a relatively evident reduction of the level of asymmetry of economic development in many cases in the period 1990-2015, and particularly after 2004, many cross-border areas show significant disparities in the economic sphere. Moreover, the dynamics of the observed transformations remain spatially differentiated.
System error. Reflections on the permanent failure of territoriality of the European Cohesion Policy
Authors: Gyelník Teodor , Ocskay Gyula
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to generate a debate on the definition and application of the territorial approach of future EU Cohesion Policy. Territorial cohesion, its instruments and tools have formed a specific ‘paradigm’, ‘disciplinary matrix’ and ‘vocabulary’. However, a peculiar dichotomy resonates: the EU’s global economic competitiveness objective is (usually) confronted by its territorial cohesion objectives. Permanent failure is generated and anomalies of the territorial cohesion paradigm are on the rise. Are we at the threshold of a new scientific revolution inside the EU and within its territorial cohesion matrix?
Las empresas sociales implicadas en la formación para desempleados. El difícil reto de la Innovación Social
Authors: Carvajal Muñoz M. Rosario
Published: July 2021

En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado notablemente la participación de organizaciones, públicas y privadas, impartiendo formación para desempleados, destacando las empresas sociales y su relación con la administración y las empresas. Recientemente, la Unión Europea está incentivando a estas organizaciones a iniciativas de innovación social para que den mejores soluciones a problemas sociales como el desempleo. Pero la innovación social requiere de la cooperación conjunta entre empresas sociales y organizaciones públicas y privadas. Desde esta perspectiva, se parte del planteamiento teórico de Pestoff, ejemplificado en su triángulo del bienestar, que relaciona las organizaciones del tercer sector, como las empresas sociales, con el Estado, el mercado y la comunidad. La investigación se realizó en la provincia de Cádiz en 2018, una zona con alta tasa de paro. Se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas de investigación: encuesta a centros colaboradores de la Junta, análisis de fuente secundaria del censo de centros de la Junta de Andalucía, 12 entrevistas en profundidad a diferentes tipologías de organizaciones, y 7 entrevistas focales a colectivos desempleados vulnerables. Entre los resultados de la investigación se constató que las organizaciones mantienen relaciones jerárquicas con la administración, escasas relaciones de cooperación entre ellas, y competencia entre centros, además de fluidas relaciones con las empresas locales, pero insuficiente inserción laboral. Estos factores no propician las condiciones para la innovación social, porque no fomentan la cooperación entre organizaciones ni favorecen los contactos con la comunidad, manteniendo en precaria situación social y laboral a los desempleados vulnerables.
La gratuidad del cargo de patrono en el régimen fiscal privilegiado. Análisis crítico y propuesta de reforma
Authors: Palacios Ronda Esteban
Published: July 2021

Asociaciones y Fundaciones, entidades sin ánimo de lucro integrantes del denominado Tercer Sector, permiten atender necesidades reales tanto de personas desfavorecidas como de sectores y actividades caracterizadas por la persecución del interés general. Sin embargo, no puede afirmarse que los poderes públicos faciliten a estas entidades, con la decisión necesaria, la obtención de recursos con los que atender sus fines. De la misma manera que una Asociación declarada de utilidad pública puede ver revocada su calificación si obtiene recursos mediante el ejercicio de actividades económicas, una Fundación que retribuya a sus Patronos por el ejercicio de sus funciones perderá la posibilidad de acogerse al régimen fiscal privilegiado establecido por la Ley 49/2002, a resultas de la literalidad de una normativa que parece desconocer la realidad fundacional.En la primera parte de este trabajo examinaremos la configuración gratuita del cargo de Patrono de Fundaciones, compararemos la rigidez con que el ordenamiento se produce frente a ella con los intentos de, por una u otra vía, suavizar los restantes requisitos exigidos legalmente para la aplicación del régimen fiscal privilegiado. A continuación señalaremos las consecuencias que de la gratuidad del cargo de Patrono se derivan para el buen desarrollo de la entidad y, por último, apuntaremos algunas reflexiones que entendemos permitirían subsanar lo que, a nuestro juicio, supone una rémora para el correcto funcionamiento de las Fundaciones y por ende del Tercer Sector.
Mujeres en la Economía Social y Solidaria: ¿alternativas socioeconómicas para todas?
Authors: Di Masso Tarditti Marina , Ezquerra Samper Sandra , Rivera-Ferre Marta Guadalupe
Published: July 2021

En Cataluña, coincidiendo con el estallido de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008, se ha producido un crecimiento continuado de iniciativas socioeconómicas en el marco de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS), un sector caracterizado por una importante participación femenina. En un contexto de gran vulnerabilidad económica y vital, las mujeres han generado, entre otras estrategias, respuestas destinadas a satisfacer necesidades individuales y colectivas a través de una gestión cooperativa. En el proyecto ‘Crisis y alternativas en femenino’ hemos analizado esas alternativas socioeconómicas protagonizadas por mujeres en Cataluña desde el marco conceptual de la Economía Feminista (EF) para comprender en qué medida pueden estar reproduciendo desigualdades sociales. Desde esta inquietud, y con vocación de contribuir al diálogo entre la ESS y la EF, nos preguntamos por el grado de democratización de la ESS en Cataluña en términos de inclusividad, es decir, de las opciones existentes para el acceso a las mismas. Con este fin hemos querido identificar los ejes de desigualdad que condicionan las posibilidades reales para la participación de las mujeres en la ESS. Para ello hemos entrevistado y analizado las características socioeconómicas y demográficas de 17 mujeres en cuatro ámbitos de actividad: cuidados y atención a las personas, agroecología, vivienda y construcción de redes y comunidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existen desigualdades de acceso a la ESS para las mujeres en virtud de cinco ejes: el nivel socioeconómico, el nivel formativo, el lugar de origen, las responsabilidades familiares, y el capital político-relacional.
El papel de las cofradías de pescadores de Galicia en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: protección de los recursos marinos y equidad
Authors: García Lorenzo Iria
Published: July 2021

Las cofradías de pescadores son organizaciones regionales que agrupan a los pescadores de pequeña escala y mariscadores (en el caso de Galicia). Su papel dentro del sector pesquero les otorga competencias en la gestión y explotación de recursos marinos, actividades que realizan de modo colectivo. Esta posición permite a las cofradías influir en diferentes aspectos del desarrollo sostenible, principalmente en el nivel local.Partiendo de casos de estudio anteriores, este trabajo busca avanzar en el papel que juegan las cofradías de pescadores de Galicia en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En concreto, el análisis se centra en la protección de los recursos marinos, del objetivo de Vida Submarina, y en la consecución de la equidad, del objetivo de Reducción de las Desigualdades. Las funciones atribuidas dentro de la cogestión de los recursos marinos, su origen tradicional, su carácter autogestionario y el cumplimiento de los principios cooperativos son las principales características de las cofradías que pueden favorecer la implementación de estos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Toward a New Metrics for the Evaluation of the Social Added Value of Social Enterprises
Authors: Bassi Andrea , Vincenti Giorgia
Published: July 2021

There is a widespread dissatisfaction among nonprofit leaders and managers, private funders and public decision-makers concerning the current systems of social impact assessment of nonprofit organizations/social enterprises (NPO/SE).The systems of performance measurement of NPO/SE vary greatly in relationship to a series of endogenous and exogenous variables related to different organizational environments: economic, political, social and cultural.The aim of this article is to present an innovative theoretical framework on the basis of which it is possible to define a set of indicators for the evaluation of the social added value produced by NPO/SE.Our hypothesis is that NPO/SE are characterized by their ability to generate different outcome at each of the dimensions of social life: micro, meso and macro. Meaning, a sense of responsibility at the micro level; relational goods at the meso level; and social capital at the macro level.The article illustrates the assessment tool called S.A.V.E. applied, as empirical reference, to three Italian social enterprises operating in the field of health and social services (local welfare systems).
Los determinantes de la compra de productos con etiquetas de contenido social y ambiental
Authors: Carrero Isabel , Valor Carmen , Redondo Raquel
Published: July 2021

Las empresas social y medioambientalmente responsables realizan grandes inversiones para obtener los sellos que las certifiquen como tales. De cara a diferenciarse en el mercado, los logos o etiquetas responsables son considerados como un vehículo eficaz para comunicar al consumidor los atributos sociales y ambientales de los productos. Sin embargo, estudios previos concluyen que la mayoría de los consumidores no las conocen, no las entienden o no creen en ellas. Mientras que trabajos anteriores han examinado la influencia de las actitudes en la compra de productos con etiquetas, este trabajo analiza la influencia de la comprensión y de variables asociadas a la motivación en la compra de productos con etiquetado responsable. A partir de entrevistas estructuradas a 289 consumidores en Madrid, se concluye que el conocimiento de la etiqueta es un antecedente clave de la compra de productos con atributos éticos. Así, las organizaciones interesadas en el marcado RSE deben invertir en comunicación orientada a construir el conocimiento de la etiqueta. A partir de los resultados encontrados, se formulan sugerencias para profesionales y académicos interesados en el marketing de productos con etiquetado a contenido social y ambiental.
Sex-Based Differences in Oxygen Cost of Walking and Energy Equivalents in Minimally Disabled Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis and Controls
Authors: Manca Andrea , Cano Antonella , Ventura Lucia , Martinez Gianluca , Frid Lior , Deriu Franca , Kalron Alon
Published: July 2021

Background:

Elevated oxygen cost of walking and energy equivalents are reported for highly and moderately disabled individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, less is known about minimally impaired individuals. Moreover, no sex-based data on the metabolic rates of individuals with MS are available. In this cross-sectional study, the metabolic rates and temporospatial parameters of gait during overground walking in minimally disabled individuals with MS versus matched controls were quantified and whether sex-based differences occur was examined.

Methods:

Sixty-nine minimally impaired adults with MS (37, relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS]; 32, clinically isolated syndrome [CIS]) and 25 matched controls completed two 6-minute walking bouts at comfortable and fast speeds. The oxygen cost of walking, energy equivalents, and respiratory exchange ratio were recorded through breath-by-breath open-circuit spirometry. Gait analysis was performed via a portable electronic walkway.

Results:

At comfortable but not at fast speed, men with RRMS showed higher oxygen cost of walking than men with CIS (+17.9%, P = .04) and male controls (+21.3%, P = .03). In the RRMS group, men showed higher oxygen cost of walking (+19.2%, P = .04) and energy equivalents (+19.2%, P = .02) than women. Elevated oxygen cost of walking and energy equivalents in men were paralleled by significantly larger base of support and step time asymmetry during walking.

Conclusions:

Metabolic demands are elevated while walking in minimally disabled individuals with RRMS. Furthermore, higher energy demands occur in men, probably due to increased step symmetry and base of support. Clinicians are advised to follow energy expenditure metrics collected while walking because they can indicate a decrease in fitness, even in the early phase of MS.