bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting and Regeneration from the Vibration of Suspension System
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Azman , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Mohamad Muhammad Afiq , Rosdi Rahiman Salmi , Ramlan Mohd Noor Ikhwan
Published: November 2014

Two conceptual designs of energy regenerative suspension have been developed using commercial computer aided design (CAD) software. The designs are based on the available conventional suspension. They consist of basic magnet and coil for electrical energy regeneration and additional components for magnet support and coil winding circular holder. The selection of the design is based on weighted matrix which consists of reliability, cost, time consumption and weight. The score of the matrix is formulated based on relative weighted factor among the selections. All designs are fabricated using selected and available materials. The actual cost, time consumption and weight of the suspensions are compared with the theoretical weighted scores. Standard processes of cuttings, fittings and welding are performed in fabrication. Suitable magnet design is attached on the suspensions. The other moving part of the suspensions is attached by coil and coil holder. The suspensions are tested with various strokes and frequencies for feasibility studies and energy regeneration capability using suspension test rig. The evaluation of the suspensions is performed based on actual experimental results of voltage and power regenerated.
Facile Preparation of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powder for Non-Volatile Memory Application
Authors: Kathalingam A. , Park Hyun Chang , Kim Sam Dong , Kim Hyun Seok , Mahalingam T.
Published: November 2014

In this work, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle by solution method and its application in non-volatile memory is reported. Nanocrystalline ZnO particles were prepared by a novel chemical route using the combination of zinc nitrate [Zn (NO3)2 6H2O] and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] at low temperature. The effects of temperature and bath concentration for the synthesis of ZnO powder have been studied. Synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence. Using the prepared ZnO nanoparticles with organic PMMA; non-volatile memory cells were prepared and studied its switching property.
Clay Intercalated PVA-Nafion Bipolymer Matrix as Proton Conducting Nanocomposite Membrane for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Narayanamoorthy B. , Dineshkumar B. , Balaji S.
Published: November 2014

The amino functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay (AC) intercalated over PVA-Nafion hybrid nanocomposite membranes were prepared by sol-gel method. The free standing membranes were obtained by solution recasting. The composition of clay materials such as AC and montmorillonite (MMT) was varied between 2-10 wt.% with respect to PVA-Nafion content. The molecular interactions and surface morphology of nanocomposite membranes were investigated by FT-IR and SEM analyses respectively. The thermal and mechanical stabilities of nanocomposite membranes were studied using TGA and Nanoindentation techniques. For 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion, TGA results showed no appreciable mass change up to 380 °C and hardness calculated from nanoindentation studies was nearly 30 % higher than the other compositions. An improved conductivity was obtained for 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion (1.4×10-2 S/cm) compared to pure Nafion (1.2×10-2 S/cm) and PVA-Nafion and MMT/PVA-Nafion composite membranes. From these studies, we observed that 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion membrane possessed a good conductivity with higher thermal and mechanical stabilities.
V2O5-Photocatalyzed Oxidation of Diphenylamine
Authors: Karunakaran C. , Karuthapandian S.
Published: November 2014

V2O5 catalyzes the oxidation of diphenylamine (DPA) to N-phenyl-p-benzoquinonimine (PBQ) in ethanol under UV light as well as under natural sunlight. The formation of PBQ was studied as a function of [DPA], V2O5-loading, airflow rate, light intensity, etc. Formation of PBQ is larger on illumination at 254 nm than at 365 nm and the catalyst is reusable. The mechanism of photocatalysis is discussed and the product formation analyzed using a kinetic model. ZnO and CdO enhance the V2O5-photocatalyzed formation of PBQ and the results are rationalized.
Enhancement of CdO/ZnO/PVC Nanocomposites Behavior on Photo-Catalytic Degradation of Congo-Red Dye under UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Linda T. , Muthupoongodi S. , Sahaya Shajan X. , Balakumar S.
Published: November 2014

nanoCdO/ZnO/PVC composite thin films were prepared by simple solution cast method, using tetra hydrofuran as solvent. nanoCdO/ZnO/PVC composite thin films were irradiated by UV light at the range of 365 nm, 312 nm, and 254 nm. The photo-catalytic activity of CdO/ZnO/PVC was examined by photo-catalytic decolourization of congo-red in aqueous solution. nanoCdO/ZnO/PVC composite film exhibited higher photo-catalytic activity under UV light radiation at 365 nm rather than 312 nm & 254 nm. After 90 minutes irradiation by UV light almost 95% congo-red got decolorized. FT-IR studies confirm the complexation behavior of polymer with ZnO and CdO present in the composite.
Cast Steel Tests under Thermal Fatigue Conditions
Authors: Lipski Adam , Mroziński Stanisław
Published: November 2014

This paper presents results of experimental research and numerical calculations for thermal fatigue of G-X12CrMoVNbN9-1 martensitic cast steel. The tests were performed using hydraulic testing machine equipped with the heating chamber. The experimental research included static tests under mechanical load conditions at four temperature levels (20°C, 400°C, 550°C, 600°C) aimed at determining material characteristics needed for the numerical model. Main cyclic tests were carried out under thermal load conditions. The parameter, which was maintained at unchanged level during tests was the specimen strain ε = const = 0. The specimen temperature was changed. The numerical calculations for the same temperature change program were performed with the use of ABAQUS software. Experimentally and numerically determined stress value versus test time were compared.
The Influence of Modelling Material Zones on Strains and Stresses at Weld Toe Notch
Authors: Niklas Karol , Kozak Janusz
Published: November 2014

The latest development in the field of welding technology enabled prefabrication of thinwalled sandwich structures in an industrial scale. Sandwich structures fabricated of steel, or aluminium alloy plates and stiffeners are welded with the use of hipower CO2 lasers. Strength analysis of such structures with the use of finite element method needs proper material modelling. In this paper the material model of steel sandwich panel tee-joint is analysed. The influence of including different material zones on strains and stresses at the weld notch area is presented. The analysis shows that material changes outside the weld notch area do not influence the results of strains and stresses. The impact of the geometrical notch is very local and it does not interfere with material property changes at neighbouring weld zones. For the purpose of determination of maximum values of stresses and strains at weld toe notch, the analysed laser weld can be modelled with the use of one material property for all weld zones.
The Influence of Mesh Morphology on the Accuracy of FEM Analysis of Bar with a Ringed Notch under Tension
Authors: Cichański Artur
Published: November 2014

The paper undertakes the issue of the influence of mesh morphology near the notch on FEM anaysis accuracy. During analyses proposals of free meshes and proposals of mapped meshes have been compared. During the calculations it has been specified how, along with the change of finite element size, mesh quality parameters and stress error change. Selected parameters have been set with values of stress concentration factor. The accuracy of Kt calculations specified during FEM analysis has been compared to other methods.
Modelling of Charpy Test Using the FEM Method in LS-DYNA Software
Authors: Stopel Michał , Burak Michał , Skibicki Dariusz
Published: November 2014

The hereby paper presents comparison of numerically modelled Charpy test in LS-Dyna environment with an experiment on accredited Charpy impact test machine. The comparison was applied to dimensions of a strained sample at selected points and energy consumed for the sample fracture and strains during the test.
Cumulative Energy of Fatigue Cracking under Variable Amplitude Loading on the Example of C45 Steel
Authors: Ligaj Bogdan
Published: November 2014

The article presents the results of low and high cycle fatigue tests of C45 steel for constant and variable amplitude loading in the stress and energy based approach. Values of the cumulated energy of plastic strain ΣΔWpl for programmed loading (at selected levels of stress amplitude Sa) were found to meet reliability criteria for results obtained in the condition of constant amplitude loading. (R= -1). It was also found that the results obtained in the energy based approach are characterised by a smaller range of relative difference changes (δ(N) = 0,77 to 1,17) than the results obtained in the stress based approach (δ(N) = 0,15 to 1,94). At stress level Sa = 428 MPa, (corresponding to yield point of C45 steel) value δ(N) is similar for the stress based approach and energy based approach.
Accuracy of Analytical-Experimental Method for Determining the Fatigue Characteristics in a Limited Life Region
Authors: Strzelecki Przemysław , Sempruch Janusz , Nowicki Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

The study discusses the issue of determining the accuracy of fatigue characteristics in a high-cycle fatigue range using analytical-experimental methods. The analytical-experimental methods are defined as a characteristic curve obtained using an analytical method and additional experiment aimed to increase its accuracy. The higher the amount of data the higher the characteristic curve accuracy. The study aims to address the question “what values should be determined experimentally to obtain an S-N curve in a high-cycle fatigue range with a satisfactory estimation of the fatigue life.
Experimental Investigation of Fatigue Damage Accumulation in En295 Steel
Authors: Gołoś Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

In the paper monotonic, cyclic and fatigue data for En295 steel were presented. Subsequently, the experimental results for two-step loading sequence (low-to-high (L—H) loading, and high-to-low (H—L) and three-step loading sequence (L-H-L and H-L-L) were presented. The analysis showed that all loading sequences affects the cumulative damage in En295 steel. In the analysis an energy based cumulative damage hypothesis presented by Golos and Ellyin was applied. The predictions based on the analyzed Golos-Ellyin cumulative damage hypothesis are compared with the obtained data for En295 steel and is found to be in fairly good agreement.
Particle surface area dependence of mineral dust in immersion freezing mode: investigations with freely suspended drops in an acoustic levitator and a vertical wind tunnel
Authors: Diehl K. , Debertshäuser M. , Eppers O. , Schmithüsen H. , Mitra S. K. , Borrmann S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The heterogeneous freezing temperatures of supercooled drops were measured using an acoustic levitator. This technique allows one to freely suspend single drops in the air without any wall contact. Heterogeneous nucleation by two types of illite (illite IMt1 and illite NX) and a montmorillonite sample was investigated in the immersion mode. Drops of 1 mm in radius were monitored by a video camera while cooled down to −28 °C to simulate freezing within the tropospheric temperature range. The surface temperature of the drops was contact-free, determined with an infrared thermometer; the onset of freezing was indicated by a sudden increase of the drop surface temperature. For comparison, measurements with one particle type (illite NX) were additionally performed in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel with drops of 340 μm radius freely suspended. Immersion freezing was observed in a temperature range between −13 and −26 °C as a function of particle type and particle surface area immersed in the drops. Isothermal experiments in the wind tunnel indicated that after the cooling stage freezing still proceeds, at least during the investigated time period of 30 s. The results were evaluated by applying two descriptions of heterogeneous freezing, the stochastic and the singular model. Although the wind tunnel results do not support the time-independence of the freezing process both models are applicable for comparing the results from the two experimental techniques.
Regional climate model assessment of the urban land-surface forcing over central Europe
Authors: Huszar P. , Halenka T. , Belda M. , Zak M. , Sindelarova K. , Miksovsky J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the climate impact of cities and urban surfaces in general on climate of central Europe, the surface parameterization in regional climate model RegCM4 has been extended with the Single-layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM). A set of experiments was performed over the period of 2005–2009 for central Europe, either without considering urban surfaces or with the SLUCM treatment. Results show a statistically significant impact of urbanized surfaces on temperature (up to 1.5 K increase in summer) as well as on the boundary layer height (increases up to 50 m). Urbanization further influences surface wind with a winter decrease up to −0.6 m s−1, though both increases and decreases were detected in summer depending on the location relative to the cities and daytime (changes up to 0.3 m s−1). Urban surfaces significantly reduce the humidity over the surface. This impacts the simulated summer precipitation rate, showing a decrease over cities of up to −2 mm day−1. Significant temperature increases are simulated over higher altitudes as well, not only within the urban canopy layer. With the urban parameterization, the climate model better describes the diurnal temperature variation, reducing the cold afternoon and evening bias of RegCM4. Sensitivity experiments were carried out to quantify the response of the meteorological conditions to changes in the parameters specific to the urban environment, such as street width, building height, albedo of the roofs and anthropogenic heat release. The results proved to be rather robust and the choice of the key SLUCM parameters impacts them only slightly (mainly temperature, boundary layer height and wind velocity). Statistically significant impacts are modelled not only over large urbanized areas, but the influence of the cities is also evident over rural areas without major urban surfaces. It is shown that this is the result of the combined effect of the distant influence of the cities and the influence of the minor local urban surface coverage.
Assimilation of GNSS radio occultation observations in GRAPES
Authors: Liu Y. , Xue J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper reviews the development of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) observations assimilation in the Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) of China Meteorological Administration, including the choice of data to assimilate, the data quality control, the observation operator, the tuning of observation error, and the results of the observation impact experiments. The results indicate that RO data have a significantly positive effect on analysis and forecast at all ranges in GRAPES, not only in the Southern Hemisphere where conventional observations are lacking but also in the Northern Hemisphere where data are rich. It is noted that a relatively simple assimilation and forecast system in which only the conventional and RO observation are assimilated still has analysis and forecast skill even after nine months integration, and the analysis difference between both hemispheres is gradually reduced with height when compared with NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analyses. Finally, as a result of the new on-board payload of the Chinese FengYun-3 (FY-3) satellites, the research status of the RO of FY-3 satellites is also presented.
Benthic biomass size spectra in shelf and deep-sea sediments
Authors: Kelly-Gerreyn B. A. , Martin A. P. , Bett B. J. , Anderson T. R. , Kaariainen J. I. , Main C. E. , Marcinko C. J. , Yool A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The biomass distributions of marine benthic metazoans (meio- to macro-fauna, 1 μg–32 mg wet weight) across three contrasting sites were investigated to test the hypothesis that allometry can consistently explain observed trends in biomass spectra. Biomass (and abundance) size spectra were determined from observations made at the Faroe–Shetland Channel (FSC) in the Northeast Atlantic (water depth 1600 m), the Fladen Ground (FG) in the North Sea (150 m), and the hypoxic Oman Margin (OM) in the Arabian Sea (500 m). Observed biomass increased with body size as a power law at FG (scaling exponent, b = 0.16) and FSC (b = 0.32), but less convincingly at OM (b = 0.12 but not significantly different from 0). A simple model was constructed to represent the same 16 metazoan size classes used for the observed spectra, all reliant on a common detrital food pool, and allowing the three key processes of ingestion, respiration and mortality to scale with body size. A micro-genetic algorithm was used to fit the model to observations at the sites. The model accurately reproduces the observed scaling without needing to include the effects of local influences such as hypoxia. Our results suggest that the size-scaling of mortality and ingestion are dominant factors determining the distribution of biomass across the meio- to macrofaunal size range in contrasting marine sediment communities. Both the observations and the model results are broadly in agreement with the "metabolic theory of ecology" in predicting a quarter power scaling of biomass across geometric body size classes.
Dynamic C and N stocks – key factors controlling the C gas exchange of maize in a heterogenous peatland
Authors: Pohl M. , Hoffmann M. , Hagemann U. , Giebels M. , Albiac Borraz E. , Sommer M. , Augustin J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Drainage and cultivation of fen peatlands creates complex small-scale mosaics of soils with extremely variable soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and groundwater-level (GWL). To date, it remains unclear if such sites are sources or sinks for greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4, especially if used for cropland. As individual control factors like GWL fail to account for this complexity, holistic approaches combining gas fluxes with the underlying processes are required to understand the carbon (C) gas exchange of drained fens. It can be assumed that the stocks of SOC and N located above the variable GWL – defined as dynamic C and N stocks – play a key role in the regulation of plant- and microbially mediated C gas fluxes of these soils. To test this assumption, the present study analysed the C gas exchange (gross primary production – GPP, ecosystem respiration – Reco, net ecosystem exchange – NEE, CH4) of maize using manual chambers for four years. The study sites were located near Paulinenaue, Germany. Here we selected three soils, which represent the full gradient in pedogenesis, GWL and SOC stocks (0–1 m) of the fen peatland: (a) Haplic Arenosol (AR; 8 kg C m−2); (b) Mollic Gleysol (GL; 38 kg C m−2); and (c) Hemic Histosol (HS; 87 kg C m−2). Daily GWL data was used to calculate dynamic SOC (SOCdyn) and N (Ndyn) stocks. Average annual NEE differed considerably among sites, ranging from 47 ± 30 g C m−2 a−1 at AR to −305 ± 123 g C m−2 a−1 at GL and −127 ± 212 g C m−2 a−1 at HS. While static SOC and N stocks showed no significant effect on C fluxes, SOCdyn and Ndyn and their interaction with GWL strongly influenced the C gas exchange, particularly NEE and the GPP:Reco ratio. Moreover, based on nonlinear regression analysis, 86% of NEE variability was explained by GWL and SOCdyn. The observed high relevance of dynamic SOC and N stocks in the aerobic zone for plant and soil gas exchange likely originates from the effects of GWL-dependent N availability on C formation and transformation processes in the plant-soil system, which promote CO2 input via GPP more than CO2 emission via Reco. The process-oriented approach of dynamic C and N stocks is a promising, potentially generalizable method for system-oriented investigations of the C gas exchange of groundwater-influenced soils and could be expanded to other nutrients and soil characteristics. However, in order to assess the climate impact of arable sites on drained peatlands, it is always necessary to consider the entire range of groundwater-influenced mineral and organic soils and their respective areal extent within the soil landscape.
Stable isotope paleoclimatology of the earliest Eocene using kimberlite-hosted mummified wood from the Canadian Subarctic
Authors: Hook B. A. , Halfar J. , Gedalof Z. , Bollmann J. , Schulze D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The recent discovery of well-preserved mummified wood buried within a subarctic kimberlite diamond mine prompted a paleoclimatic study of the early Eocene "hothouse" (ca. 53.3 Ma). At the time of kimberlite eruption, the Subarctic and Artic were warm and humid producing a temperate rainforest biome well north of the Arctic Circle. Previous studies have estimated mean annual temperatures in this region were 4–20 °C in the early Eocene, using a variety of proxies including leaf margin analysis, and stable isotopes (δ18O) of fossil cellulose. Here, we examine stable isotopes of tree-ring cellulose at subannual to annual scale resolution, using the oldest viable cellulose found to date. We use mechanistic models and transfer functions to estimate earliest Eocene temperatures using mummified cellulose, which was well preserved in the kimberlite. Multiple samples of Piceoxylon wood within the kimberlite were crossdated by tree-ring width. Multiple proxies are used in combination to tease apart likely environmental factors influencing the tree physiology and growth in the unique extinct ecosystem of the Polar rainforest. Calculations of interannual variation in temperature over a multidecadal time-slice in the early Eocene are presented, with a mean temperature estimate of 11.4 °C (1σ = 1.8 °C) based on δ18O. Dual-isotope spectral analysis suggests that multidecadal climate cycles similar to the modern Pacific Decadal Oscillation likely drove temperature and cloudiness trends on 20–30 year timescales.
Description of algorithms for co-locating and comparing gridded model data with remote-sensing observations
Authors: Langerock B. , De Mazière M. , Hendrick F. , Vigouroux C. , Desmet F. , Dils B. , Niemeijer S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. MACC-II,III, Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate, is the current pre-operational Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). It provides data records on atmospheric composition for recent years, present conditions and forecasts for a few days ahead. To support the quality assessment of the CAMS products, the EU FP7 project NORS created a server to validate the gridded MACC-II,III/CAMS model data against remote-sensing observations from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), for a selected set of target species and pilot stations. This paper describes in detail the algorithms used in this validation server.
libmpdata++ 0.1: a library of parallel MPDATA solvers for systems of generalised transport equations
Authors: Jaruga A. , Arabas S. , Jarecka D. , Pawlowska H. , Smolarkiewicz P. K. , Waruszewski M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper accompanies first release of libmpdata++, a C++ library implementing the Multidimensional Positive-Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA). The library offers basic numerical solvers for systems of generalised transport equations. The solvers are forward-in-time, conservative and non-linearly stable. The libmpdata++ library covers the basic second-order-accurate formulation of MPDATA, its third-order variant, the infinite-gauge option for variable-sign fields and a flux-corrected transport extension to guarantee non-oscillatory solutions. The library is equipped with a non-symmetric variational elliptic solver for implicit evaluation of pressure gradient terms. All solvers offer parallelisation through domain decomposition using shared-memory parallelisation. The paper describes the library programming interface, and serves as a user guide. Supported options are illustrated with benchmarks discussed in the MPDATA literature. Benchmark descriptions include code snippets as well as quantitative representations of simulation results. Examples of applications include: homogeneous transport in one, two and three dimensions in Cartesian and spherical domains; shallow-water system compared with analytical solution (originally derived for a 2-D case); and a buoyant convection problem in an incompressible Boussinesq fluid with interfacial instability. All the examples are implemented out of the library tree. Regardless of the differences in the problem dimensionality, right-hand-side terms, boundary conditions and parallelisation approach, all the examples use the same unmodified library, which is a key goal of libmpdata++ design. The design, based on the principle of separation of concerns, prioritises the user and developer productivity. The libmpdata++ library is implemented in C++, making use of the Blitz++ multi-dimensional array containers, and is released as free/libre and open-source software.
Wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography – Part 2: Application to the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) area
Authors: Tong P. , Zhao D. , Yang D. , Yang X. , Chen J. , Liu Q.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. High-resolution 3-D P and S wave crustal velocity and Poisson's ratio models of the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) area are determined iteratively by a wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography (WETST) technique. The details of data selection, synthetic arrival-time determination, and trade-off analysis of damping and smoothing parameters are presented to show the performance of this new tomographic inversion method. A total of 78 523 P wave and 46 999 S wave high-quality arrival-time data from 2041 local earthquakes recorded by 275 stations during the period of 1992–2013 are used to obtain the final tomographic models, which cost around 10 000 CPU hours. Checkerboard resolution tests are conducted to verify the reliability of inversion results for the chosen seismic data and the wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography method. Significant structural heterogeneities are revealed in the crust of the 1992 Landers earthquake area which may be closely related to the local seismic activities. Strong variations of velocity and Poisson's ratio exist in the source regions of the Landers and three other nearby strong earthquakes. Most seismicity occurs in areas with high-velocity and low Poisson's ratio, which may be associated with the seismogenic layer. Pronounced low-velocity anomalies revealed in the lower crust along the Elsinore, the San Jacinto, and the San Andreas faults may reflect the existence of fluids in the lower crust. The recovery of these strong heterogeneous structures is facilitated by the use of full wave equation solvers and WETST and verifies their ability in generating high-resolution tomographic models.
Nietzsche and Schlegel on Teaching Oneself to Find
Authors: Wolfson Ben
Published: November 2014

Nietzsche and Schlegel both write about practical topics with more than merely descriptive intent. Their intent is also practical insofar as it aims to alter the life of the (right) reader, setting her a task: be thus! Each, however, also evinces skepticism about the propriety of such task setting. This skepticism is more general than the explicitly signaled audience partitioning in which each also engages: it is not that some readers will not be able to make use of the text in the intended way, but that the task setting itself is misplaced. In this article I describe the character of the tasks that give rise to this skepticism, and argue that in both Schlegel's and Nietzsche's cases we get truer and more satisfying interpretations if we take them as disclaiming practical intent: though it is seductive to think we could attain the states they describe through our own effort, they systematically elude such pursuit.
False Confessions in the Lab: A Review
Authors: Rassin Eric , Israëls Han
Published: November 2014

False Confessions in the Lab: A Review

Intuitively, confession is a strong piece of evidence, because it appears unlikely that a suspect would confess to a crime he did not commit, thereby acting against his own best interest. Surprisingly, experimental studies show that innocent and well-educated individuals do tend to confess falsely when questioned about something they did not in fact do. In this contribution, an overview is presented of the experimental research on confession evidence. Limitations and implications of the scientific insights are discussed.
Efeitos agudos da eletroestimulação no membro superior espástico e associação com variáveis respiratórias
Authors: Niederauer Franciele Minuzzi , Polachini Carla Roberta Nunes , Prado Ana Lúcia Cervi , Signori Luis Ulisses , Silva Antônio Marcos Vargas da
Published: November 2014

Introdução: Eletroestimulação funcional (EEF) é um recurso valioso no tratamento de padrões espásticos. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito agudo da EEF sobre variáveis físico-funcionais do membro superior espástico e a associação destas com variáveis respiratórias. Métodos: Dezenove pacientes receberam intervenção placebo (no limiar sensitivo) e EEF (f=30 Hz, largura de pulso= 0,3 ms, 30 min) no membro espástico (secundário a AVE) em dias diferentes. Antes das intervenções, foram avaliadas as atividades de vida diária pelo Índice de Barthel (IB), função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória. Antes e após as intervenções foram avaliadas função sensório-motora pela Escala de Fugl-Meyer (EFM) e amplitude de movimento. Resultados: A EEF aumentou a abdução e rotação interna de ombro, extensão de cotovelo e EFM. A pressão expiratória máxima se correlacionou com IB e flexão de ombro. Conclusões: A aplicação de EEF melhorou variáveis físico-funcionais do membro espástico, que estiveram associadas com a força muscular expiratória.
Treinamento muscular inspiratório melhora a força muscular respiratória e o pico de fluxo expiratório em idosas hipertensas
Authors: Durante Andreia , Rodigheri Alessandra , Rockenbach Carla Wouters Franco , Pimentel Gilnei Lopes , Leguisamo Camila Pereira , Calegari Leonardo
Published: November 2014

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento promove alterações no sistema cardiorrespiratório, aumentando a prevalência de hipertensão arterial e reduzindo a força da musculatura respiratória. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento muscular inspiratório domiciliar (TMID) sobre a função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min) em idosas hipertensas. Métodos: Dezesseis mulheres com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial foram divididas em dois grupos. Oito participaram do grupo intervenção (GI) e foram submetidas ao TMID durante seis semanas, e as demais compuseram o grupo controle (GC). Resultados: Ao final do TMID, constatou-se aumento da PImáx, -47±13 cmH20 para -92±32 cmH20 (p
Treinamento isodinâmico em UBs melhora qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional de mulheres
Authors: Gonçalves Aline Ferreira Lima , Andrade Jéssica Almeida , Engel Letícia Estevam , Storel Ilse De Lima Aruda , Bueno Sueli Aparecida Montonholi , Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Lopes Gabriela Piemonte Andrade , Pacagnelli Francis Lopes
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos do treinamento isodinâmico na capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de mulheres com fatores de risco cardiovasculares cadastradas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Participaram 26 pacientes subdivididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (n=13), não praticantes de exercícios físicos regulares, e grupo treinamento (n=13), voluntárias que realizaram o treinamento isodinâmico. Este treino (caminhada associada a exercícios de diagonal de membros superiores com peso de 1 kg e elástico) obteve frequência de três sessões/semana com duração de uma hora. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos, e a qualidade de vida pelo SF-36. Resultados: As componentes do grupo treinamento apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional e obtiveram qualidade de vida superior às do controle. Conclusão: O treinamento isodinâmico mostrou-se uma conduta adequada, simples e de baixo custo em bairros periféricos como medida de prevenção e proteção a saúde.
Estado nutricional definido pelo índice de massa corporal e pelo percentual de gordura corporal
Authors: Both Diego Rodrigo , Matheus Silvana Corrêa , Martins Guilherme Quaiato , Behenck Mauri Schwanck
Published: November 2014

Introdução: O índice de massa corporal (IMC) é amplamente utilizado para identificar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar a concordância da classificação do estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes, conforme cinco referências de IMC com a classificação do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) de Lohman (1987). Métodos: Foram avaliados 615 meninos e 826 meninas, com idade entre 6 e 16 anos. Foram mensuradas variáveis para a determinação do IMC e do %GC. Utilizou-se o índice Kappa (k) para a análise de concordância. Resultados: Os grupos masculino e feminino apresentaram concordâncias entre o IMC e o %GC que variaram de k=0,49 a 0,61 (regular a boa) e k=0,23 a 0,39 (discreta a regular), nesta ordem. Conclusão: Existe maior concordância entre as referências da OMS (2007) e de Conde e Monteiro (2006) para classificação do estado nutricional e diagnóstico de excesso de gordura corporal de meninos e meninas, respectivamente.
Separation and Enrichment of Gold in Water, Geological and Environmental Samples by Solid Phase Extraction on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Prior to its Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Duran Ali , Tuzen Mustafa , Soylak Mustafa
Published: November 2014

This study proposes the application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid sorbent for the preconcentration of gold prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. Extraction was achieved by using a glass column (15.0 cm in length and 1.0 cm in diameter). Quantitative recoveries were obtained in the pH range of 2.5–4.0; the elution step was carried out with 5.0 ml of 1.0 mol/L HNO3 in acetone. In the ligand-free study, variables such as pH, eluent type, sample volume, flow rates, and matrix effect were examined for the optimum recovery of gold ions. The gold ions were able to be pre-concentrated by a factor of 150 and their LOD was determined to be 1.71 μg/L. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, addition-recovery tests were applied for the tap water, mineral water, and sea water samples. Gold recovery studies were implemented using a wet digestion technique for mine and soil samples taken from various media, and this method was also applied for anodic slime samples taken from the factories located in the Kayseri Industrial Zone of Turkey.
Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Copper by a Multi-Injection Technique of Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Using Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Sabermahani Fatemeh , Taher Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2014

A new method using a multi-injection technique combined with SPE was developed for the determination of copper (Cu) in environmental samples. The method is based on SPE of copper ions on naphthalene as its 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP)-ammonium tetraphenylborate complex, in the pH range 6.0–9.5, and determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. No chemical modifier is required in the graphite furnace. The detection limit can be reduced to 1.5 ng/L using an injection volume of 25.0 μL (five 5.0 μL) without interference by the matrixes. The optimum pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were 500 and 2200°C, respectively, for the concentrated solution of Cu. The sensitivity for 1% absorption was 2.6 pg Cu. Eight replicate determinations for 0.1 μg Cu in 5.0 mL dimethylformamide gave an RSD of 2.3% for a single injection and 2.7% for a multi-injection. The procedure was validated with certified reference materials and successfully applied to the determination of copper in water and plant samples.
InstantLabs®Salmonella Species Food Safety Kit
Authors: Sharma Neil , Bambusch Lauren , Le Thu , Hayman Melinda , Montez Sergio J
Published: November 2014

The InstantLabs®Salmonella Species Food Safety Kit was validated against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference method 6579:2002 for the detection of Salmonella species. The matrixes (unprocessed rolled oats, wheat flour, and oat flour) were inoculated with 1 CFU/test portion of Salmonella to generate fractional positives (5–15) in 20 inoculated samples. The matrixes were co-inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 2–5 times the level of Salmonella to demonstrate the potential for using the same enrichment culture in the future to detect of multiple organisms. Samples were validated using 750 g test portion enriched in FASTGRO SE at 42 ± 1°C for 16–20 h. All samples were confirmed using the ISO reference method, regardless of initial screen result. The InstantLabs test method performed as well as or better than the reference method for the detection of Salmonella species in unprocessed rolled oats, wheat flour, and oat flour. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 100 Salmonella serovars and 30 non-Salmonella species examined. Finally, the method was shown to be robust when variations to enrichment time, DNA extract hold time, and DNA volume were varied (data not shown).
Determination of Oxadixyl in Wines by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory and Interlaboratory Validation Study
Authors: Mirzoian Armen , Ammann Jeffrey R
Published: November 2014

A direct injection LC/MS/MS method for the determination of the pesticide oxadixyl in wines was developed and validated. A sample divert valve was used to deliver the fraction that contained oxadixyl to the mass spectrometer's electrospray ionization source. Oxadixyl was monitored and quantitated using two transitions in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method demonstrated recoveries of 99.2 ± 2.0 and 96.7 ± 5.2% for red and white wines, respectively, a linearity range of 2–20 μg/L, LOD at 0.7 μg/L, LOQ of 2.0 μg/L, and precision values of 8.2% (RSDr) and 6.2% (RSDR). Direct injection of the wine onto a C18 ultra-performance LC column allowed automation and high throughput screening. Benefits of this approach include minimal sample preparation, short (3 min) run times, and the use of matrix-matched calibration standards, which minimize the matrix effect due to interferences from wine phenolics, sugars, and various other components. The method's performance characteristics were not statistically different for white and red wines. An additional interlaboratory validation study involved 12 laboratories and demonstrated good data agreement with HorRat values ranging from 0.23 to 0.52.
A Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Quantification of Aliskiren and Hydrochlorothiazide in a Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Karvelis Dimitrios , Kalogria Eleni , Panderi Irene
Published: November 2014

A novel, fast, and sensitive stability-indicating HPLC method was developed, fully validated, and applied to the simultaneous determination of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide in a combined formulation. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved using a phenyl analytical column with isocratic elution using the mobile phase 0.030 M ammonium acetate–acetonitrile (60 + 40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. The UV spectrophotometric detector was set at 280 nm. The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 1.5–4.5 and 0.125–0.375 μg/mL for aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The intraday and interday RSD values were less than 6.1%, while the relative percentage error, Er, was less than 5% for both analytes. Both drugs were subjected to stress conditions of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, and thermal degradation. The proposed method proved to be stability indicating by resolution of the drugs from their forced degradation products. The method was applied successfully to the QC and content uniformity tests in combined commercial tablets.
Immunohistochemistry in Undifferentiated Neoplasm/Tumor of Uncertain Origin
Authors: Lin Fan , Liu Haiyan
Published: November 2014

Context

Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary study in the identification and classification of undifferentiated neoplasms/tumors of uncertain origin. The diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tissue-specific biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels.

Objectives

To identify and classify undifferentiated neoplasms/tumors of uncertain origin by immunohistochemistry.

Data Sources

Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used.

Conclusions

To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict prognostic outcomes, it is crucial to differentiate the specific lineage of an undifferentiated neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables the accurate classification of most undifferentiated neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tissue-specific biomarker is essential for avoiding potential diagnostic errors because an absolutely tissue-specific biomarker is exceptionally rare. We review frequently used tissue-specific biomarkers, provide effective panels, and recommend diagnostic algorithms as a standard approach to undifferentiated neoplasms.
Utility of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Pleuropulmonary and Mediastinal Cancers: A Review and Update
Authors: Zhang Kai , Deng Hongbin , Cagle Philip T.
Published: November 2014

Context

Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary tool for the accurate classification of pleuropulmonary and mediastinal neoplasms necessary for therapeutic decisions and predicting prognostic outcome in the era of personalized medicine. Diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels.

Objective

To increase the accuracy of diagnosis and classify pleuropulmonary neoplasms through immunohistochemistry.

Data Sources

Literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience.

Conclusions

This review article has shown that appropriately selecting immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to effectively diagnose most primary pleuropulmonary neoplasms and differentiate primary lung tumors from a variety of metastatic tumors to the lung. The discovery of new mutation-specific antibodies identifying a subset of specific gene-arranged lung tumors provides a promising alternative and cost-effective approach to molecular testing. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding potential diagnostic errors.
Análisis de contenidos y tendencias de las webs de bibliotecas escolares andaluzas y extremeñas.
Authors: Jiménez Fernández Concepción María
Published: November 2014

En este artículo se describe la investigación realizada a partir del análisis de webs de bibliotecas escolares de Andalucía y Extremadura con el fin de establecer un diagnóstico de la situación en cuanto a su valor pedagógico y formativo. Se describen los objetivos así como la metodología que se ha seguido para la realización del estudio y las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado tras analizar las 517 webs que forman la muestra aquí estudiada. Se termina con una aplicación práctica para diseñar una web ideal de biblioteca escolar.
Libros «de mano» y libros «d'emprenta» para la enseñanza de los saberes en el tránsito al renacimiento
Authors: Pedraza-Gracia Manuel José
Published: November 2014

Se analiza la presencia de productos y libros impresos o manuscritos en los distintos niveles de aprendizaje durante el fin de la Edad Media y las dos primeras décadas del siglo xvi indagando en los documentos notariales. Especial mención merecen el aprendizaje de las primeras letras y las enseñanzas universitarias como límites extremas en la formación.
Bibliotecas y Política: El paradigma político de la Biblioteca Pública
Authors: Meneses Tello Felipe
Published: November 2014

El autor analiza algunos aspectos en torno a la dimensión política de la biblioteca pública. Así, afirma que la relación de la política con la disciplina de la bibliotecología y la práctica de la biblioteconomía es un tópico complejo que puede ser analizado desde diferentes enfoques. Él trata el mito apolítico de la biblioteca pública a través de la discusión de cuatro factores políticos acerca de esta institución bibliotecaria: el gubernamental, el ciudadano, el electoral y el revolucionario.
El editor técnico: un perfil necesario para la profesionalización de la edición de revistas científicas en el entorno digital
Authors: Rodríguez Yunta Luis , Tejada Artigas Carlos Miguel
Published: November 2014

Se aboga por la profesionalidad de la gestión editorial de las revistas científicas identificando las competencias tanto profesionales como personales necesarias. Para superar las carencias de la edición de revistas científicas españolas en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, se hace necesaria una nueva mentalidad que implique “pensar en digital” y que la gestión se apoye en profesionales formados específicamente para ello. Son necesarios conocimientos tecnológicos en este entorno: XML, metadatos, formatos enriquecidos, CMS, sistemas de gestión editorial tipo OJS, nuevos formatos para la lectura en dispositivos móviles…  Además otro grupo de competencias claves las encontramos en torno al conocimiento del mercado editorial científico con sus nuevos modelos de negocio y a todo lo relacionado con los derechos intelectuales. Se complementa la relación con otras habilidades necesarias relacionadas con la web social, el análisis documental y la apertura de los datos de investigación.
Descrição de recursos imagéticos digitais: apresentação de um modelo conceitual
Authors: Simionato Ana Carolina , Amorim da Costa Santos Plácida L. V.
Published: November 2014

As técnicas de captura de imagem têm avançado juntamente com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação e números inimagináveis de informações imagéticas estão armazenados e disponíveis nos ambientes digitais. O objetivo deste estudo é apontar as dificuldades encontradas na construção de representações de recursos imagéticos digitais com uso dos instrumentos disponíveis para o tratamento descritivo da informação. Como resultados tem-se o mapeamento de elementos descritivos para imagens digitais resultante da análise dos esquemas de orientação para a construção de registros descritivos (AACR2r, ISBD, Graphic Materials, RDA, CDWA, CCO) e do modelo conceitual FRBRer. A análise conduziu a construção do modelo conceitual, Requisitos Funcionais para Dados Imagéticos Digitais – RFDID, para a elaboração de formas mais eficientes para representar o recurso imagético de modo a torná-lo disponível, acessível e recuperável, a partir da persistência dos dados descritivos, da flexibilidade, da consistência e da integridade como requisitos essenciais para a representação da imagem digital.
Off the wall
Authors: Claessen Dennis , van Wezel Gilles P
Published: November 2014

Bacteria that grow and proliferate despite having been stripped of their cell wall may provide insights into how primordial cells could have propagated billions of years ago.