bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoextract-assisted synthesis of Fe2O3/MgO nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of gentian violet
Authors: Tedla Haileyesus , Goddati Mahendra , Wondemagegnehu Eshetu Bekele , Tufa Lemma Teshome , Mekonnen Andualem , Lee Jaebeom
Published: December 2024

Organic-based pollutants are extensively released from various industries and they potentially harm the environment and human health. Photocatalysis is regarded as one of the most promising techniques for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater. Therefore, in this study, iron oxide-based nanocomposites were synthesized by an emerging green and sustainable method using Ethiopian endemic plant extract, Echinops kebericho M. as a capping and stabilizing agent. The phytoextract-assisted synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) α-Fe2O3 and nanocomposites (NCs) α-Fe2O3/MgO calcinated at a temperature of 400°C were characterized and used for their photocatalytic activities toward gentian violet (GV) dye degradation using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) at optimized catalyst dose, initial GV concentration, pH, and time conditions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis result revealed that the mean crystal size of α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3/MgO is 11.2 and 15.4 nm, respectively. Characterization results of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) clearly showed the successful deposition of MgO on α-Fe2O3. The maximum degradation of GV, 96.2%, was observed by using α-Fe2O3/MgO after 60 min under visible light irradiation. Thus, synthesized NCs were shown to have better GV degradation efficiency in a shorter time as compared to the previously reported nanomaterials. The results revealed photocatalytic degradation using endemic plant extract-assisted synthesized NCs, α-Fe2O3/MgO, is considered a greener, simple, and more efficient method for the removal of organic dyes.
Home delivery and associated factors among women who gave birth after antenatal care follow-up in the last 6 months in Jabitehnan District, Northwest Ethiopia: mixed community-based study
Authors: Aynalem Bewket Yeserah , Zerihun Tamene , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Meselu Belsity Temesgen , Zeleke Liknaw Bewket , Kassa Getachew Mullu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Maternal mortality is a global issue, with developing countries accounting for over 99% of maternal deaths, with 30% of Ethiopian mothers dying from pregnancy-related causes. This study aimed to assess the magnitude, associated factors, and reasons for home delivery among women who gave birth after antenatal care follow-up in the last 6 months in Jabitehnan District, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A mixed community-based study was conducted on women who gave birth after antenatal care follow-up in the last 6 months. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews and structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with home delivery. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and analyzed using a thematic content analysis method.

Result

In this study, the magnitude of home delivery after ANC follow-up among mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months was 37%, with a 95% CI of 32.5 and 41.5. Pregnancy plan [AOR: 4.56 (2.65, 7.86)], experience of abortion AOR: 3.01 [1.631, (5.55)], ANC follow-up at public hospitals [AOR: 1.89 (1.119, 3.18)], and pregnant mothers visited at home by healthcare providers during their ANC follow-up absent [AOR: 1.61 (1.02, 2.53)] were predictors of home delivery. Poor counseling during ANC, and lack of pregnancy plans, traditions, and beliefs were reasons for home delivery.

Conclusion

The study reveals a high magnitude of home delivery as compared to a study done in Bahir Dar (21.2%). Factors include pregnancy plans, health institution type, abortion experience, and absence from antenatal care. Poor counseling during ANC, and lack of pregnancy plans, traditions, and beliefs were reasons for home delivery. Health professionals should receive training in communication and counseling techniques, and they should encourage mothers to plan their pregnancies and visit facility delivery services during ANC follow-up.
A structure-based in silico analysis of the Kell blood group system
Authors: Mayr Gabriele , Bublitz Maike , Steiert Tim A. , Löscher Britt-Sabina , Wittig Michael , ElAbd Hesham , Gassner Christoph , Franke Andre
Published: December 2024

Kell is one of the most complex blood group systems, with a highly polymorphic genetic background. Extensive allelic variations in the KEL gene affect the encoded erythrocyte surface protein Kell. Genetic variants causing aberrant splicing, premature termination of protein translation, or specific amino acid exchanges lead to a variety of different phenotypes with altered Kell expression levels or changes in the antigenic properties of the Kell protein. Using an in silico structural model of the Kell protein, we analyzed the biophysical and structural context of all full-length Kell variants of known phenotype. The results provided insights regarding the 3D co-localization of antigenic Kell variants and led us to suggest several conformational epitopes on the Kell protein surface. We found a number of correlations between the properties of individual genetic variants in the Kell protein and their respective serological phenotypes, which we used as a search filter to predict potentially new immunogenic Kell variants from an in-house whole exome sequencing dataset of 19,772 exomes. Our analysis workflow and results aid blood group serologists in predicting whether a newly identified Kell genetic variant may result in a specific phenotype.
Riparian habitat quality and seasonality drives spatiotemporal habitat ecology of sympatric Asian otters in southern Western Ghats
Authors: Moun Ankit , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Riparian habitats in the Western Ghats are vital semi-terrestrial zones playing multi-functional roles in the conservation of freshwater species. In dynamic ecosystems, we have scant knowledge on the interactive role of season and local riparian habitat conditions in driving spatiotemporal habitat use of sympatric semi-aquatic mustelids.

Methodology

We conducted seasonal monitoring of 169-196 riverine segments (250 m) in 2020 and 2021 to measure the sign encounter rates of Asian small-clawed otter (SCL) and smooth-coated otter (SCO) and recorded 29 riparian habitat variables.

Results

Our self-organizing map algorithm characterized alarge multivariate habitat data into six habitat clusters representing a gradient of riparian habitat conditions. The random forest (RF) algorithm identified forest cover, water quality, and substratum as influential factors in high quality habitat. The low-quality habitat with low sign encounter rates or no evidence of otters had anthropized stream buffers, with high proportion of agriculture, weed cover and anthropogenic disturbance as influential factors predicted by the RF algorithm. SCO distribution was restricted to the higher-order streams in close proximity to hydro-power dams. SCL had a comparatively larger spatial distribution in the lower-order streams. Our study shows that rainfall plays a significant role in enhancing the hydrological flow in non-perennial streams and also improves the water quality parameters and the riparian habitat conditions. We found highly variable encounter rates of both species across seasons and habitat quality gradients, however, overall, their mean encounter rates increased with the habitat quality gradient.

Discussion

Our findings showed that relating otter sign encounter rates with fine-scale riparian habitat quality was a useful and practical approach to monitor the sensitivity of sympatric semi-aquatic mustelids towards habitat conditions and simultaneously monitor the riparian ecosystem health, across seasons and years. The long-term persistence of sympatric Asian otters in the Bhavani-Noyyal river basin would depend on the availability of high-quality riparian habitat patches. Our findings emphasize the need to develop comprehensive riparian habitat management plans in the southern Western Ghats which involves restoration of fragmented riparian zones and maintenance of riparian habitat heterogeneity to facilitate freshwater connectivity and movements of sympatric otters.
Inversion and analysis of transparency changes in the eastern coastal waters of China from 2003 to 2023 by an improved QAA-based method
Authors: Cao Shuhui , Xiao Fei , Chen Miaomiao , Wang Zhou , Luo Jiahuan , Du Yun
Published: December 2024

Transparency (Zsd) can most intuitively reflect changes in marine ecosystems, therefore; the data of Zsd is crucial to protect marine ecosystems. However, there is still a relative lack of long-term sequence data on Zsd for coastal turbid waters. Satellite remote sensing inversion provides an efficient means of obtaining long-term, large-scale Zsd. The method proposed by Lee et al. is currently one of the most widely used methods, which is divided into clear water and turbid water models based on the 670 nm remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). In this study, we employed an improved model building upon the aforementioned method. The improved model simulates the continuous transition from clear to turbid water, which allows for automatic adjustment of model weights based on a logistic curve. Utilizing this improved model, this study inverts Zsd within 100 km of the eastern coast of China from 2003 to 2023 using MODIS Aqua Level 2 Rrs data. Zsd shows an increasing trend with the distance from the coast, with high Zsd in the northern Yellow Sea, the southern Shandong Peninsula, and the far shore of the East China Sea, and the low Zsd in the coast of Bohai Sea and northern Jiangsu. As for the long-term changes, the number of pixels with significantly increased Zsd and those with significantly decreased Zsd and no significant changes accounted for 20.84%, 1.14%, and 78.02%, respectively. The order of seasonal Zsd is summer > autumn > spring > winter, and the seasonal variability amplitude increases synchronously with the offshore distance of seawater on the whole. Interestingly, the correlation between Zsd and the annual runoff of rivers exhibits spatial differentiation among six typical estuaries: there are positive correlations in northern, whereas negative correlations in the south. Additionally, the Zsd in five of six estuaries have negative correlations with annual sediment transport. Overall, this study not only provides more accurate and continuous data of Zsd for nearshore turbid waters compared to those obtained by the original model, but also offers valuable insights on the spatiotemporal variation in the Zsd of large-scale seawater.
A framework for optimal control of oscillations and synchrony applied to non-linear models of neural population dynamics
Authors: Salfenmoser Lena , Obermayer Klaus
Published: December 2024

We adapt non-linear optimal control theory (OCT) to control oscillations and network synchrony and apply it to models of neural population dynamics. OCT is a mathematical framework to compute an efficient stimulation for dynamical systems. In its standard formulation, it requires a well-defined reference trajectory as target state. This requirement, however, may be overly restrictive for oscillatory targets, where the exact trajectory shape might not be relevant. To overcome this limitation, we introduce three alternative cost functionals to target oscillations and synchrony without specification of a reference trajectory. We successfully apply these cost functionals to single-node and network models of neural populations, in which each node is described by either the Wilson-Cowan model or a biophysically realistic high-dimensional mean-field model of exponential integrate-and-fire neurons. We compute efficient control strategies for four different control tasks. First, we drive oscillations from a stable stationary state at a particular frequency. Second, we switch between stationary and oscillatory stable states and find a translational invariance of the state-switching control signals. Third, we switch between in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations in a two-node network, where all cost functionals lead to identical OC signals in the minimum-energy limit. Finally, we (de-) synchronize an (a-) synchronously oscillating six-node network. In this setup, for the desynchronization task, we find very different control strategies for the three cost functionals. The suggested methods represent a toolbox that enables to include oscillatory phenomena into the framework of non-linear OCT without specification of an exact reference trajectory. However, task-specific adjustments of the optimization parameters have to be performed to obtain informative results.
Association of white matter hyperintensities with lipoprotein (a) levels: insights from a cohort study
Authors: Alotaibi Fawaz F. , Mohamed Gamal , Bakry Sawsan S. , Alqahtani Mohammed , BinAmir Hussain , AlKawi Ammar , Alreshaid Abdulrahman A. , AlZawahmaha Mohamed , Alhazzani Adel , Shuaib Ashfaq , Al-Ajlan Fahad S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Little is known about the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The aim of the study was to examine if elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with higher burden of WMH.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated associations between Lp(a) and the burden of WMH among patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks. WMH burden was assessed using 3-Tesla brain MRI and graded according to the Fazekas score. Multivariable models were generated to determine the contribution of Lp(a) to the presence and extent of WMH.

Results

One hundred and fifty-three patients were included (mean age, 45.9 years; 35.9% women). When the study population was stratified by Lp(a) level into three categories, low (<75 nmol/L), moderate (75 to <125 nmol/L), and high (≥125 nmol/L), the distribution of the three groups was 60.8, 15.0 and 24.2%, respectively. High Lp(a) Level was associated with higher burden of both periventricular WMH and deep WMH compared to the lower level (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–12.07; p = 0.004; and OR, 5.6; CI, 1.69–14.7; p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

We show in this cohort of patients that a higher burden of WMH was observed in patients with higher level of Lp(a). Further studies are needed to confirm this observation and assess whether lowering Lp(a) level may be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating the development of WMH.
Brain fingerprint and subjective mood state across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Cipriano Lorenzo , Liparoti Marianna , Troisi Lopez Emahnuel , Romano Antonella , Sarno Laura , Mazzara Camille , Alivernini Fabio , Lucidi Fabio , Sorrentino Giuseppe , Sorrentino Pierpaolo
Published: December 2024

Background

Brain connectome fingerprinting represents a recent and valid approach in assessing individual identifiability on the basis of the subject-specific brain functional connectome. Although this methodology has been tested and validated in several neurological diseases, its performance, reliability and reproducibility in healthy individuals has been poorly investigated. In particular, the impact of the changes in brain connectivity, induced by the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), on the reliability of this approach remains unexplored. Furthermore, although the modifications of the psychological condition of women during the MC are widely documented, the possible link with the changes of brain connectivity has been poorly investigated.

Methods

We conducted the Clinical Connectome Fingerprint (CCF) analysis on source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography signals in a cohort of 24 women across the MC.

Results

All the parameters of identifiability did not differ according to the MC phases. The peri-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases showed a less stable, more variable over time, brain connectome compared to the early follicular phase. This difference in brain connectome stability in the alpha band significantly predicted the self-esteem level (p-value <0.01), mood (p-value <0.01) and five (environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) of the six dimensions of well-being (p-value <0.01, save autonomy).

Conclusion

These results confirm the high reliability of the CCF as well as its independence from the MC phases. At the same time the study provides insights on changes of the brain connectome in the different phases of the MC and their possible role in affecting women’s subjective mood state across the MC. Finally, these changes in the alpha band share a predictive power on self-esteem, mood and well-being.
A flavoromics approach to investigate the effect of Saskatoon berry powder on the sensory attributes, acceptability, volatile components, and electronic nose responses of a low-fat frozen yogurt
Authors: Ryland Donna , Thoroski John , Shariati-Ievari Shiva , McElrea April , Goertzen Alexandre , Dowling Geraldine M. , Aliani Michel
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Saskatoon berries are grown in Canada and some northwestern states in the United States, and are notable for containing abundant antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, metal elements, and fiber. To increase consumer interest in and accessibility to Saskatoon berries, some producers have begun to develop processes for refining Saskatoon berries into a powder with an extended shelf life that can be incorporated into a variety of value-added food products. To assess the desirability of this approach, this study sought to determine how the sensory attributes, consumer acceptability, and volatile and non-volatile composition of a plain, Greek-style frozen yogurt (PY) changed when fortified with 16% Saskatoon berry powder (SBP). Greek-style frozen yogurt was chosen as the food to be fortified for this study due to its low fat and relatively high calcium and protein content as well as its popularity among consumers.

Results

Descriptive analysis of the two yogurt formulations by 11 participants determined that SBY was higher in berry aroma, berry flavor, and sweetness, and lower in cream aroma, dairy aroma, and sourness compared to PY. SBY was lower in iciness and degree of smoothness and higher in viscosity and mouth coating compared to PY. Untrained participants (n = 112), found no significant differences in color, flavor, and overall acceptability between SBY and PY. However, SBY was significantly less acceptable than PY for texture and aroma. Iciness was the most influential variable related to texture acceptability. For aroma acceptability, berry flavor (negatively related) and berry aroma (positively related) were the most influential attributes. The exposure of Saskatoon berry powder (SBP), PY, and SBY to e-nose sensors showed consistencies in replicate analysis (n = 25 measurements/sample), and cross validation of the PCA showed that the model could sort samples into the correct class with 98.7% accuracy. Key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for berry and fruity aroma in SBP were also found to be retained in the SBY. Several key phenolic compounds with therapeutic effects such as baicalein, chlorogenate, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and syringic acid were also identified in both SBP and SBY samples, potentially indicating that the SBY may retain some of the health benefits associated with the consumption of raw Saskatoon berries.
Association between cardiometabolic index and frailty among patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Yi , Yu Jiangyi
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel marker that can assess metabolic status. Studies have found that people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk of developing frailty. However, there is a lack of evidence between CMI and the risk of frailty in patients with DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between CMI and frailty in patients with DM.

Methods

This study utilized data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted multivariate logistic regression was conducted in this study to explore the association between CMI and frailty status in patients with DM. In addition, subgroup analyses and interaction analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity between different subgroups. Subsequently, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was also used to test for non-linear relationships.

Results

This study ultimately included 2,761 patients with DM. Weighted multivariate logistic regression showed that, after adjusting all covariates, an increase in the level of CMI was associated with an increased risk of being in a frailty status in patients with DM (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.22, p = 0.005). Dividing CMI into tertiles, the risk of frailty in patients in the highest tertile (Q3) was higher than that of patients in Q1 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.18–2.07, p = 0.002). The non-linear relationship between CMI and the risk of frailty in DM patients was further confirmed by RCS analysis.

Conclusion

This study found that the higher the CMI, the higher the risk of frailty in DM patients. Maintaining a healthy low-fat dietary pattern and properly controlling blood lipid levels may reduce the risk of frailty in patients with DM.
Global research progress of nanomedicine and colorectal cancer: a bibliometrics and visualization analysis
Authors: Tian Siyu , Chen Min
Published: December 2024

Background

Surgery and chemoradiotherapy are the main clinical treatment methods for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the prognosis is poor. The emergence of nanomedicine brings bright light to the treatment of CRC. However, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic analysis of CRC and nanomedicine by bibliometrics.

Methods

We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database (WOSCC) for relevant literature published from 2011 to 2024. We used VOSviewer and Citespace to analyze countries, institutions, authors, keywords, highly cited references, and co-cited references.

Results

3105 pieces of literatures were included in the research analysis, and PEOPLES R CHINA and the USA took the leading position in the number of papers published and had academic influence. The Chinese Academy of Sciences posted the most papers. The most prolific scholar was Abnous Khalil. The level of economic development is inversely proportional to the number of cases and deaths of colorectal cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs), the nanomedical drug delivery system (NDDS) is a hot topic in the field. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunogenic cell death (ICD), tumor microenvironment (TEM), folic acid, and pH are the cutting edge of the field.

Conclusion

This paper introduces the research hotspot, emphasis, and frontier of CRC and nanomedicine, and points out the direction for this field.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis on gastrointestinal microorganisms and brain neurotransmitters in mice
Authors: Liu Hai-Hua , Lin Tang-Tang , Zhang Qi-Jia , Zhang Ling , Fang Jin-Ying , Hu Ling
Published: December 2024

The effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-related chronic gastritis on gastrointestinal microorganisms or brain neurotransmitters are not fully understood. Here, this study selected SPF C57BL/6 mice to set up a Hp-related chronic gastritis experiment group and a blank control group, and used omics to explore the specific effects of Hp-related chronic gastritis on gastrointestinal microorganisms and brain neurotransmitters in mice. The Tyramine (TyrA) content in the female experiment group’s brain was considerably reduced compared to the female control group (p < 0.01), and TyrA was strongly correlated with 13 gastrointestinal microorganisms with significant differences, such as Acinetobacter_baumannii (p < 0.05). The His content in the male experiment group’s brain was significantly higher than that in the male control group (p < 0.05), and His was strongly correlated with four gastrointestinal microorganisms with significant differences, such as Acinetobacter_baumannii (p < 0.05). The Levodopa (DOPA) content in the female control group’s brain was significantly lower than that in the male control group (p < 0.05), and DOPA was strongly correlated with 19 gastrointestinal microorganisms with significant differences, such as Achromobacter_xylosoxidans (p < 0.05). The contents of L-Glutamine (Gln), L-Glutamine (GABA), Noradrenaline hydrochloride (NE), and Adrenaline hydrochloride (E) in the female experiment group’s brain were significantly lower than those in the male experiment group (p < 0.05), and Gln, GABA, NE, and E were strongly correlated with 41, 28, 40, and 33 gastrointestinal microorganisms with significant differences (p < 0.05), respectively. These results indicate that Hp-related chronic gastritis could affect gastrointestinal microorganisms and brain neurotransmitters in mice with certain gender differences, and the changes in brain neurotransmitters might be related to the changes in gastrointestinal microorganisms.
Difelikefalin in the treatment of hemodialysis patients with pruritus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Xiaoyue , Wu Guiming , Lin Yan , Yang Lichuan
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective

Uremic pruritus is a persistent condition that is difficult to cure in patients with end-stage renal disease who are having regular dialysis. It is highly prevalent, and current therapies have limited effectiveness and can cause significant adverse effects. Several trials have provided evidence that difelikefalin can be an effective treatment for uremic pruritus, with few side responses. However, it is important to note that the available evidence is limited. This study collected published randomized controlled trials for systematic review and Meta-analysis, to explore the efficacy and safety of difelikefalin treating uremic pruritus and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library Data from building libraries to 6 January 2024. We extracted data from eligible studies to analyze the efficacy and safety of difelikefalin in the treatment of hemodialysis patients with pruritus.

Results

This study comprised 9 trials with 4,118 people. The meta-analysis demonstrated that difelikefalin is more effective than placebo in treating uremic pruritus. Specifically, difelikefalin resulted in a greater improvement in WI-NRS scores of at least 3 points from baseline (OR = 1.98) and at least 4 points from baseline (OR = 1.94). Additionally, difelikefalin led to a decrease in the total score of the 5-D itch scale (MD = 1.56), a decrease in the skindex-10 scale score (MD = 4.92), and a decrease in the WI-NRS scale score (MD = 0.91).

Conclusion

Difelikefalin demonstrates significant efficacy in alleviating pruritus in individuals suffering from uremia. Althogh it has adverse events, they are mild.
Characterizing ADRs of Enfortumab vedotin and Erdafitinib in bladder cancer treatment: a descriptive analysis from WHO-VigiAccess
Authors: Huang Yuanbin , Xu Meiqi , Ma Xinmiao , Wang Wei , Shen Chen , Liu Fei , Chen Zhiqi , Wang Jiawen , Guo Qian , Li Xiancheng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) and Erdafitinib are effective therapeutic drugs for bladder cancer patients following post-chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This study assessed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from both drugs, comparing their safety profiles to guide clinical use.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on ADR reports for EV and Erdafitinib from the World Health Organization (WHO)-VigiAccess database. Data on patient demographics, system organ classes (SOCs), global patient regions, symptoms, and ADRs frequencies were analyzed and compared.

Results

As of 2024, 3,438 ADR reports were identified (2,257 for EV and 1,181 for Erdafitinib). The number of adverse reaction reports for EV is significantly higher than that for Erdafitinib. Among them, the SOC with the most adverse signals is gastrointestinal disorders, with the top five reports being nausea, gastrointestinal disorders, dry mouth, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The top five reported adverse events (AEs) for EV are as follows: skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (20.70%), general disorders and administration site conditions (14.23%), nervous system disorders (11.12%), gastrointestinal disorders (7.78%), and metabolism and nutrition disorders (6.47%). In contrast, the top five AEs for Erdafitinib are: general disorders and administration site conditions (25.36%), skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (10.94%), gastrointestinal disorders (10.19%), eye disorders (9.21%), and injury poisoning and procedural complications (7.31%).

Conclusion

Our study identified and compared potential and novel ADRs between EV and Erdafitinib, providing key insights into their safety profiles and highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient risk factors.
Precise application of water and fertilizer to crops: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Xing Yingying , Wang Xiukang
Published: December 2024

Precision water and fertilizer application technologies have emerged as crucial innovations in sustainable agriculture, addressing the pressing need to enhance crop yield and quality while optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impacts. This review systematically explores the latest advancements in precision water and fertilizer application technologies. It examines the integration of advanced sensors, remote sensing, and machine learning algorithms in precision agriculture, assessing their roles in optimizing irrigation and nutrient management. The study evaluates various precision techniques, including micro-irrigation systems, variable rate technology (VRT), and predictive modeling, along with their implementation in diverse agricultural settings. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges posed by soil environmental heterogeneity and emphasizes the necessity for a scientific index system to guide precise applications. Advanced irrigation methods, such as subsurface drip irrigation and micro-sprinkling, improve water-use efficiency and reduce salinity levels, while precision fertilization techniques optimize nutrient uptake and minimize leaching. The integration of machine learning and remote sensing facilitates real-time monitoring and adaptive management, resulting in increased resource use efficiency and reduced environmental pollution. However, the effectiveness of these technologies is contingent upon addressing soil heterogeneity and developing standardized application indices. This review highlights the novel combination of advanced sensing technologies and data analytics in precision agriculture, enabling targeted interventions tailored to specific field conditions. It underscores the importance of integrating soil microbial community dynamics and biochemical indicators with precision management practices to enhance soil fertility and crop performance. Furthermore, the development of predictive models and time series analysis tools represents a significant advancement in anticipating and responding to changing environmental conditions. Precision water and fertilizer application technologies offer substantial benefits for sustainable agricultural practices by improving crop yields, enhancing resource efficiency, and mitigating environmental impacts. The strategic integration of these technologies with tailored agricultural practices and robust monitoring systems is essential for optimizing nutrient cycling and maintaining soil health. Addressing existing challenges through interdisciplinary research and collaborative efforts will further advance the implementation of precision agriculture, contributing to long-term soil sustainability and global food security.
Seed priming with ascorbic acid and spermidine regulated auxin biosynthesis to promote root growth of rice under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Kangkang , Khan Mohammad Nauman , Khan Zaid , Luo Tao , Zhang Biaojin , Bi Junguo , Hu Liyong , Luo Lijun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Drought stress severely hampers seedling growth and root architecture, resulting in yield penalties. Seed priming is a promising approach to tolerate drought stress for stand establishment and root development.

Methods

Here, various seed priming treatments, viz., hydro priming, ascorbic acid priming (AsA), and spermidine priming (Spd), were adopted concerning root morphological, physiological, microstructural, and molecular studies under drought stress on rice variety Hanyou 73.

Results and discussion

Results demonstrated that drought severely suppressed seedling establishment, while AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress, and significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%); meanwhile, priming with AsA or Spd alleviated microscopic and ultrastructural damage from root cell, and improved root activity (183.8-192.0%). The mitigating effects of AsA or Spd priming on drought stress were primarily responsible for decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by increasing antioxidants activities and osmoprotectants contents, which reduced oxidative stress and osmotic cell potential and facilitated improved water and nutrients absorption in roots. Additionally, seed priming with AsA or Spd substantially improved auxin synthesis by upregulating of OsYUC7, OsYUC11 and, OsCOW1 expression. However, there were certain differences in the defense responses of plants and mechanisms of reducing the damage of drought stress after seed treatment with AsA or Spd. Under stress conditions, AsA had a greater impact on improving the fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts, while Spd affected the concentration of total sugar and total protein in plants. Likewise, the degree of oxidative damage was lowered, and POD and CAT activities were elevated due to Spd priming under water-deficient conditions.
Potential physiological tolerance mechanisms in faba bean to Orobanche spp. parasitism
Authors: Thebti Siwar , Bouallegue Amal , Rzigui Touhami , En-Nahli Youness , Horchani Faouzi , Hosni Taoufik , Kharrat Mohamed , Amri Moez , Abbes Zouhaier
Published: December 2024

Orobanche spp. are root parasitic plants that cause severe yield losses in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). The use of tolerant varieties remains a pivotal component of a successful integrated control strategy. In this study, we investigated the potential physiological mechanisms associated with tolerance to O. crenata and O. foetida in faba bean. The results showed that Orobanche parasitism significantly affected faba bean plants’ growth and seed production, especially in the sensitive Bachaar variety (up to 61.77% and 83.53% in shoot dry weight, up to 79.59% in pod number and no pod development when infected with O. foetida and O. crenata, respectively). This reduction was correlated with photosynthetic capacity (Amax) decreases in response to both O. foetida and O. crenata parasitism. This decrease was highly pronounced in the sensitive Bachaar variety with 24.57% and 63.43% decreases, respectively. Significant decreases were also observed in the sensitive Bachaar cultivar for the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) (1.1% and 4.78%), the maximum transpiration (Emax) (11.8% and 39.13%), and the maximum water use efficiency (WUEmax) (24.97% and 41.77%) in response to O. foetida and O. crenata parasitism, respectively, compared to non-significant differences for the tolerant Chams, Chourouk, and Zaher varieties. The tolerant faba bean varieties were able to maintain a normal function of their photosynthesis capacity (An) and conserve their growth and seed production level as a result of an acclimation to parasitic attack (Maintaining WUEmax). Our results suggest that yield components such as shoot dry weight, pod and leaf numbers, and photosynthetic parameters, notably the transpiration rate, can serve as suitable traits for assessing tolerance to Orobanche parasitism in faba bean plants.
Studying political decision-making as a cognitive process: is it interdisciplinary? A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Béchard Benoît , Bodet Marc A. , Laflamme Lydia , Ouimet Mathieu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

At the turn of the 21st century, concerns emerged regarding whether research at the intersection of psychology and political science should be regarded as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science or an independent, interdisciplinary field that contributes to both disciplines. More than twenty years later, how does the literature on political decision-making approach this issue? Should this application of political cognition research be viewed as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science, or as an independent interdisciplinary field contributing to both political science and psychology? This study examines the organizational framework of research and the trends in publications within the literature on political decision-making.

Methods

Through a bibliometric analysis, this study aims to enhance readers’ understanding of the disciplinary characteristics of research in political decision-making. The analysis examines how publications are distributed across various disciplines and among different researchers contributing to the study of political decision-making, as well as the most frequently used methodologies in this field.

Results

The findings suggest that research tends to be more multidisciplinary than strictly interdisciplinary. This conclusion is based on three observations: (i) most publications are in political science journals; (ii) much of the research is conducted by political scientists; and (iii) the research mainly uses political science frameworks and observational designs despite political scientists’ familiarity with experimental designs. Departmental affiliation is the key factor in predicting cited literature, with political scientists favoring political science research and psychologists leaning towards psychology research.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that while political decision-making research draws on expertise from both disciplines, it remains fundamentally anchored in political science. Recommendations include attending conferences outside the researcher’s primary discipline, provided they are relevant to their research agenda. Researchers should explore the various specialized grants and funding opportunities that aim to promote the development of new research questions and testing new methods, theoretical approaches, and innovative ideas. Faculty should integrate various disciplines into the curriculum to offer valuable and broadly applicable knowledge. By promoting open interdisciplinary dialogue, political scientists and psychology researchers can work together more effectively to tackle the challenges of political decision-making research.
The effects of negative life events on college students’ problematic online gaming use: a chain-mediated model of boredom proneness regulation
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Zhao Mengmeng , Wang Ruixin , Pan Huiru , Li Lina , Luo Hongge
Published: December 2024

The study investigated the impact of negative life events on college students’ problematic online gaming use, as well as the mediating role of basic psychological needs and anxiety, and the moderating effect of boredom proneness. A total of 1,102 college students were surveyed by using the Adolescent Negative Life Events Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, GAD-7, DSM-5, and Boredom Proneness Scale. From the sample, 881 participants with experience in online gaming were selected for the study. The results showed that: (1) Controlling for gender and grade, negative life events significantly and positively predicted problematic online gaming use. (2) Basic psychological needs and anxiety played a mediating role in the relationship between negative life events and problematic online gaming use. (3) Boredom proneness significantly moderated the first half of the model. Basic psychological needs and anxiety mediate the relationship between negative life events and college students’ problematic online gaming use. Moreover, under conditions of low boredom proneness, the independent mediating effect of basic psychological needs and the mediating effect of basic psychological needs and anxiety are enhanced, while the independent mediating effect of anxiety is weakened.
Enigma of social media use: complexities of social media addiction through the serial mediating effects of emotions and self-presentation
Authors: Ho Wing W. Y. , Lau Yan H. Y. , Leung Leona Y. L. , Li Eric K. L. , Ma Reyna K. K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Excessive social media use, though considered unhealthy, is no longer formally categorized as an addiction or disorder, leading to a lack of consensus on this behavior. It raises concerns regarding the exclusion of Internet Addiction Disorder from the DSM-5-TR due to insufficient empirical evidence. This study investigates the serial mediating effects of positive and negative affect, fear of missing out, and offline and online self-presentation in the relationship between social media use and social media addiction.

Method

The study was conducted in Hong Kong with 385 participants (84.2% F, age range = 18–60) of an online survey. This study administered the Social Media Use Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Fear of Missing Out Scale, Presentation of Online Self Scale, and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale.

Results

The results indicate that social media use plays a significant role in predicting both positive and negative affect. The findings further reveal that positive and negative affect, fear of missing out, and offline and online self-presentation act as serial mediators in the relationship between social media use and social media addiction. In other words, these variables work together in a sequential manner to mediate the impact of social media use on addiction. Additionally, the study indicates that social media use and social media addiction are fully mediated by both positive and negative affect, fear of missing out, and offline and online self-presentation.

Discussion

Social media use can evoke both positive and negative affect. The longer individuals are immersed in social media, the more their positive affect intensifies, exacerbating FoMO and fostering inconsistent offline and online self-presentation. Conversely, extended social media engagement can heighten negative affect, leading to anxiety about others having more rewarding experiences and concurrently inducing apprehension characterized by FoMO. To prevent addiction, the development of educational tools such as SimCity video games, scenario-based learning activities, and virtual reality experiences focused on social media use and social media addiction can offer a valuable opportunity for pre-exposure to the related risks and challenges.
Mortality among individuals with substance use disorder—does violent criminal behavior have an impact?
Authors: Jakobsson Joakim , Karlsson Anna , Håkansson Anders , Hofvander Björn
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Understanding violent criminality and its impact on health and eventually the risk of premature mortality is important for efficient future interventions. This study aimed to explore the effect violent criminality had on premature mortality (i.e., death before the age of 65) among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs).

Methods

The cohort was created by identifying all Swedish patients diagnosed with SUD between the first of January 2013 and 31st of December 2014. The individuals were split into three age categories.

Results

There were significant differences in standard mortality rates (SMR) in the cohort compared to the general Swedish population across the three age categories. We found differences between the SMRs for individuals convicted of violent and nonviolent crimes in the two younger age categories [age 15–29: violent crime (42.4) vs. non-violent crime (36.6), age 30–44: violent crime (28.0) vs. non-violent crime (23.0)]. A Cox regression analysis showed that each conviction of a violent crime increased the hazard ratio (HR) of premature mortality significantly [age 15–29; HR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.17), age 30–44; HR =1.06 (95% CI: 1.03–1.09)]. After correcting for non-violent crimes, the increased risk only remained for the youngest group [HR = 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00–1.13)].

Discussion

This study suggests that criminal behavior constitutes a proxy for the risk behaviors that increase the risk of premature mortality among young individuals with SUD even after controlling for confounders. Longitudinal studies, examining time-dependent risks and protective influences, are needed to explain the different pathways and processes leading to the amplified premature mortality in the groups.
Spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 incidence, social inequality, housing conditions, and density in South-Eastern France: keys for future epidemics
Authors: Mariné Barjoan Eugènia , Prouvost-Keller Bernard , Chaarana Amel , Festraëts Julie , Geloen Carole , Legueult Kevin , Pradier Christian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Early in 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate was higher in the East than in the West of the Alpes-Maritimes district in France. What was the impact of social deprivation, household overcrowding and population density per km2 on this difference in incidence rate?

Methods

Cases were defined as persons with a first SARS-CoV-2 positive test detected between 04/01/2021 and 14/02/2021. We studied the « French Deprivation index » (FDep), rate of overcrowded households and population density/km2. These indicators were compared between East and West and a Standard Incidence Ratio (SIR) and an Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) were calculated for each indicator. The link between the incidence rate and the socio-economic variables per census blocks (IRIS) was analyzed with a GLM model. Lastly, a stepwise method was used to determine the East/West incidence thresholds for which an association was observed between the incidence rate and these three indicators.

Results

Among the 473 census blocks, 25,400 cases were geolocated among whom 23,867 not residing in nursing homes nor in long-term communal accommodation. Census blocks in the East included more overcrowded households (p = 0.009) and a higher population density (p < 0.001). In this area, the SARS-CoV-2 incidence was significantly higher in the most deprived census blocks (IRR = 1.614; 95%CI [1.530–1.703]), with a higher rate of overcrowded households (IRR = 1.583; 95%CI [1.508–1.663]) and higher population density (IRR = 1.062; 95%CI [1.023–1.102]). No difference was observed in the West. According to the GLM, in the East, the incidence rate was associated with the FDep index only, while no association was observed in the West. In the East, the association with FDep appeared for an incidence threshold of 210/100,000, while no threshold was identified in the West. Rates of overcrowded households were 310 vs. 370 and population density rates were 260 vs. 400 in the Eastern and Western areas, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the benefits of conducting a spatial analysis of socio-demographic and medical data. At the start of an emerging infectious agent-related epidemic, while surveillance is not yet operational, initial prevention measures could prioritize targeting populations according to their socio-demographic characteristics.