bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the absolute numbers and proportions of open access articles from 2000 to 2021 based on the Web of Science Core Collection: a bibliometric study
Authors: Seo Jeong-Wook
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The ultimate goal of current open access (OA) initiatives is for library services to use OA resources. This study aimed to assess the infrastructure for OA scholarly information services by tabulating the number and proportion of OA articles in a literature database.Methods: We measured the absolute numbers and proportions of OA articles at different time points across various disciplines based on the Web of Science (WoS) database.Results: The number (proportion) of available OA articles between 2000 and 2021 in the WoS database was 12 million (32.4%). The number (proportion) of indexed OA articles in 1 year was 0.15 million (14.6%) in 2000 and 1.5 million (48.0%) in 2021. The proportion of OA by subject categories in the cumulative data was the highest in the multidisciplinary category (2000–2021, 79%; 2021, 89%), high in natural sciences (2000–2021, 21%–46%; 2021, 41%–62%) and health and medicine (2000–2021, 37%–40%; 2021, 52%–60%), and low in social sciences and others (2000–2021, 23%–32%; 2021, 36%–44%), engineering (2000–2021, 17%–33%; 2021, 31%–39%) and humanities and arts (2000–2021, 11%–22%; 2021, 28%–38%).Conclusion: Our study confirmed that increasingly many OA research papers have been published in the last 20 years, and the recent data show considerable promise for better services in the future. The proportions of OA articles differed among scholarly disciplines, and designing library services necessitates several considerations with regard to the customers’ demands, available OA resources, and strategic approaches to encourage the use of scholarly OA articles.
Mujeres influyentes rurales, ¿un oxímoron?
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: February 2023

Si el mundo rural resulta invisible para el conjunto de la sociedad, más aún lo son las mujeres rurales. Ellas sufren una triple discriminación al ejercer –en muchos de los casos– una actividad económica (la agraria) sometida a grandes incertidumbres, en un entorno muy masculinizado y en un medio (el rural) con poco apoyo social para las tareas familiares y la conciliación. De esta situación viene dando cuenta la Federación de Asociaciones de Mujeres Rurales (Fademur), que lleva 18 años luchando por la igualdad y el progreso de las mujeres que viven y trabajan en el medio rural.
Book Review of "The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects"
Authors: Duró Ágota
Published: February 2023

Edited by Joseph F. Pilat and published by Routledge, The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects is an insightful and illuminating book. This collection is an updated and expanded version of 16 papers, as well as the keynote address, presented at the 2017 Conference on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC.
Finding the right type of cell
Authors: Scheffer Louis K
Published: February 2023

A new method allows researchers to automatically assign cells into different cell types and tissues, a step which is critical for understanding complex organisms.
Precificação de serviços metrológicos utilizando o custeio baseado em atividades no laboratório de metrologia de uma instituição federal de ensino superior em Fortaleza/CE
Authors: Neto Geraldo Almiro de Araújo , Júnior Luiz Soares , Rodrigues Maxweel Veras
Published: February 2023

O elevado grau de acirramento dos mercados motiva as organizações a possuírem um maior controle de seus gastos. Com o objetivo de aumentar a competitividade de um Laboratório de Metrologia em uma instituição de ensino superior perante seus concorrentes, este trabalho visa, através da aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividades (ABC), encontrar o melhor preço a ser praticado. Através do mapeamento de processos, levantou-se os custos relativos às suas operações mais importantes. Através dos custos, calculou-se, então, as margens de contribuição dos serviços e, posteriormente, foi feita a precificação dos produtos através do uso de Mark-Up. O ponto de equilíbrio contábil também foi calculado, com o objetivo de gerar informações para que o resultado da organização pudesse ser maximizado.
Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of all CeramicsAn In-vitro Study
Authors: Yogitha K , Mohamed Kasim , Krishnamurthy Preetha
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Desirable properties of monolithic ceramics like strength, stability at high temperatures, high stiffness has made it useful for biomedical, electronic, automotive, industrial, defence and space applications. The brittle nature and mechanical unreliability of monolithic ceramics limit their use. Aim: To evaluate, if there is an increase in flexural strength of all ceramics incorporated with graphene nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2021 to April 2021, where 20 specimens of all ceramic dimensions of 20×5×3 (20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, 3 mm in thickness) according to American Dental Association (ADA) specification number 69, 1991 for flexural strength were grouped into group A (Control) with no Graphene Oxide (GO), group B with GO added. A universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/ min and a span length of 15 mm was used to load the specimen in the centre. To compare the flexural strength of the two groups, the Mann Whitney U-test was used. Normality was the data assessed using Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The results show that there was a significant difference (p=0.001) in the mean flexural strength between the groups. Group B had the highest mean flexural strength of 562.61 MPa, while Group A had the lowest of 458.61 MPa. Conclusion: The results concluded that, all ceramics incorporated with graphene nanoparticles showed superior flexural strength.
Awareness about Importance of Clinical and Radiological Details for Histopathological Reporting among Practicing Oral Pathologists in Kerala, India
Authors: Mohapatra Subhashree , Mohandas Rahul
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Clinical history and examination, radiography and histopathology are the three pillars of accurate diagnosis. The decisive nature of histopathology reporting has made it the cornerstone of modern medical science, thus making it extremely important to render timely and well-elaborated reports with utmost diagnostic accuracy. Inadequate communication between the clinician/surgeon, radiologist and the histopathologist hampers the delivery of correct and complete diagnosis on time. Aim: To assess the awareness among practicing Oral pathologists from Kerala, India about importance of clinical and radiographic details for histopathological reporting. Materials and Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022. Kerala was divided into four zones-North, South, East and West. An online questionnaire containing eight questions was devised and circulated among 75 practicing Oral Pathologist from each zone through digital messenger platforms or e-mail. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) was calculated using Microsoft Excel 2020. Results: A total of 220 responses were received. Among the participants, 100 (45.5.%) stated that their clinician or surgeon did not provide them with adequate clinical and radiographic details. It was found that 140 (63.6%) participants opined that their clinicians or surgeons used to specify the clinical details and in 188 (85.5%) cases the surgeon or clinician mentioned the demographic data. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a good awareness among practicing Oral Pathologists from Kerala, India, regarding the importance of clinical and radiographic details for histopathological reporting.
Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Genital Herpes Simplex Virus 2 among HIV Positive Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tejaswini Betha VVV , Yarra Mano Chandrika , Naseema Shaik , Jahnavi I
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Genital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection is the most common infection in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients, occurring in 60-90% according to World Health Organisation (WHO) reports. Early detection of HSV-2 infection, the introduction of chemotherapy, and prophylaxis improve the lifespan of AIDS patients. Aim: To detect the HSV-2 seroprevalence that is Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive serum and molecular detection of HSV-2 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) in symptomatic HSV-2 Patients. Materials and Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Guntur Government Hospital with the help of the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Centre and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DVL) in GGH, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 100 blood samples from HIV positive individuals were collected and for those with symptoms on the external genitalia, a biopsy specimen from the ulcer and fluid from vesicles were taken. All the cases in the study group are on ART and without any antiviral treatment. A blood sample was collected for IgG (Calbiotech kit), IgM detection (Merilisa kit), and biopsy from genital ulcer for gene detection by realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (HELINI Biomolecules, Chennai). Statistical analysis was done by mean and percentages with p-value by calculating Chi-square test, Fisher’s-Exact test to know significance of association between HSV-2 and HIV. Results: Among the total 100 HIV positive patients, it was observed that IgG seroprevalence of HSV-2 in HIV positive individuals is 78%, while it is 19% for IgM. In the present study, 19 symptomatic cases showed DNA of HSV-2 in PCR, out of which, 17 were from genital ulcers and two from vesicle fluid. Conclusion: As HSV-2 is a lifelong infection, serological testing provides the best method, to estimate its prevalence even in asymptomatic individuals.
Knowledge Level of Punjab Litchi Growers about Integrated Pest Management Strategies
Authors: Diksha . , Sharma Priyanka , Iqbal Tariq
Published: February 2023

The present study was carried out in 2021-2022, to estimate the socio-economic characteristics and the Knowledge level of the Litchi growers regarding Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. The study was conducted in the Pathankot and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab in India. From each district, two blocks were selected having the maximum number of litchi growers and from each selected, 25 respondents were selected randomly from the procured list of litchi growers from the horticulture department to make a sample size of 100 respondents. Results revealed that respondents above the age group of 50 years are more involved in litchi growing. The majority of the respondents were educated. Maximum respondents had attended training but had low mass media exposure regarding IPM. More than half of the respondents had a medium to high level of knowledge and very few respondents had a low level of knowledge.
Reflectivity Cross Plot of Modified Zoeppritz Equation
Authors: Balogun A. O.
Published: February 2023

Beside the complexities and not readily practical applications resulting from the full Zoeppritz equation, the seismic amplitude reflection does not give enough information beyond the critical angle. Consequently, there are breakdown of the Zoeppritz equation approximations at angle of incidence beyond  (Shuey’s approximation). More so, the validity is only for slight contrast in elastic parameters across the formations and small angle of incidence is assumed. In an attempt to address these inaccuracies and enhance understanding of seismic reservoir responses and prediction of fluid and lithology, a modified form of the Zoeppritz equation is derived using relations between elastic constants and velocities in terms of Pseudo Poisson’ ratio reflectivity, rigidity reflectivity, density reflectivity in linearized forms devoid of the complexities associated with the original Zoeppritz equation with practical applications in hydrocarbon exploration, exploitation and production. These properties are lithology and fluid discriminators. The modified Zoeppritz equation was analyzed using well data from oil field in a sedimentary basin, onshore of Niger Delta area. Reflectivity crossplot was carried out and comparison with the exact and other approximations was done to validate the derived equation. The results showed that the modified equation can be applied in exploration beyond the critical angle than the shuey’s and Aki & Richards’ approximations especially for deep targets and wide angle acquisition for accurate estimation of intercept and gradient attributes. The modified Zoeppritz equation in this study gives higher accuracy at far offset than the two foremost approximations.
Management of Thoracic Aortic Dissection
Authors: Hameed Irbaz , Cifu Adam S. , Vallabhajosyula Prashanth
Published: February 2023

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2021 guidelines from the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons on management of type A and type B thoracic aortic dissection.
Worsening Rash in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Pierro Michael J. , Zhang April J. , Chaudhary Lubna N.
Published: February 2023

A 56-year-old woman with metastatic hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer presents with pruritic, erythematous, scaly macules and papules on her forearms, faces, chest, and upper back. What is your diagnosis?
Regulating Lymphatic Vasculature in Fibrosis: Understanding the Biology to Improve the Modeling
Authors: Ruliffson Brian N. K. , Whittington Catherine F.
Published: February 2023

Fibrosis occurs in many chronic diseases with lymphatic vascular insufficiency (e.g., kidney disease, tumors, and lymphedema). New lymphatic capillary growth can be triggered by fibrosis‐related tissue stiffening and soluble factors, but questions remain for how related biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical cues affect lymphatic vascular growth and function. The current preclinical standard for studying lymphatics is animal modeling, but in vitro and in vivo outcomes often do not align. In vitro models can also be limited in their ability to separate vascular growth and function as individual outcomes, and fibrosis is not traditionally included in model design. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to address in vitro limitations and mimic microenvironmental features that impact lymphatic vasculature. This review discusses fibrosis‐related lymphatic vascular growth and function in disease and the current state of in vitro lymphatic vascular models while highlighting relevant knowledge gaps. Additional insights into the future of in vitro lymphatic vascular models demonstrate how prioritizing fibrosis alongside lymphatics will help capture the complexity and dynamics of lymphatics in disease. Overall, this review aims to emphasize that an advanced understanding of lymphatics within a fibrotic disease—enabled through more accurate preclinical modeling—will significantly impact therapeutic development toward restoring lymphatic vessel growth and function in patients.
Ferroelectric Domain Wall Engineering Enables Thermal Modulation in PMN–PT Single Crystals
Authors: Negi Ankit , Kim Hwang Pill , Hua Zilong , Timofeeva Anastasia , Zhang Xuanyi , Zhu Yong , Peters Kara , Kumah Divine , Jiang Xiaoning , Liu Jun
Published: February 2023

Acting like thermal resistances, ferroelectric domain walls can be manipulated to realize dynamic modulation of thermal conductivity (k), which is essential for developing novel phononic circuits. Despite the interest, little attention has been paid to achieving room‐temperature thermal modulation in bulk materials due to challenges in obtaining a high thermal conductivity switching ratio (khigh/klow), particularly in commercially viable materials. Here, room‐temperature thermal modulation in 2.5 mm‐thick Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN–xPT) single crystals is demonstrated. With the use of advanced poling conditions, assisted by the systematic study on composition and orientation dependence of PMN–xPT, a range of thermal conductivity switching ratios with a maximum of ≈1.27 is observed. Simultaneous measurements of piezoelectric coefficient (d33) to characterize the poling state, domain wall density using polarized light microscopy (PLM), and birefringence change using quantitative PLM reveal that compared to the unpoled state, the domain wall density at intermediate poling states (0< d33<d33,max) is lower due to the enlargement in domain size. At optimized poling conditions (d33,max), the domain sizes show increased inhomogeneity that leads to enhancement in the domain wall density. This work highlights the potential of commercially available PMN–xPT single crystals among other relaxor‐ferroelectrics for achieving temperature control in solid‐state devices.
Ion‐Transfer Engineering via Janus Hydrogels Enables Ultrahigh Performance and Salt‐Resistant Solar Desalination
Authors: He Nan , Yang Yongfang , Wang Haonan , Li Fan , Jiang Bo , Tang Dawei , Li Lin
Published: February 2023

Emerging solar interfacial evaporation offers the most promising response to the severe freshwater crisis. However, the most challenging bottleneck is the conflict between resisting salt accumulation and maintaining high evaporation performance since conventional salt‐resistant evaporators enhance water flow to remove salt, leading to tremendous heat loss. Herein, an ion‐transfer engineering is proposed via a Janus ion‐selective hydrogel that enables ion‐electromigration salt removal, breaking the historical dependence on water convection, and significantly lowering the heat loss. The hydrogels drive cations downward and anions upward, away from the evaporation surfaces. An electrical potential is thus established inside the evaporator and salt in 15 wt% brine is removed stably for seven days. A record‐high evaporation rate of 6.86 kg m−2 h−1 in 15 wt% brine, 2.5 times the previously reported works, is achieved. With the from‐scratch salt‐resistant route, comprehensive water‐thermal analysis, and record‐high performance, this work holds great potential for the future salt‐resistant evaporators.
Low Temperature Area Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Films Using Polymers as Inhibition Layers
Authors: Poonkottil Nithin , Rijckaert Hannes , Rajendran Khannan , Petit Robin R. , Martin Lisa I. D. J. , Van Thourhout Dries , Van Driessche Isabel , Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien
Published: February 2023

Area selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) is an interesting bottom‐up approach due to its self‐aligned fabrication potential. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is an important material for several applications, including microelectronics, demanding area selective processing. Herein, it is shown that ALD of RuO2 using methanol and RuO4 as reactants results in uninhibited continuous growth on SiO2, whereas there is no deposition on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blanket films even up to 200 ALD cycles, resulting in around 25 nm of selective RuO2 deposition on SiO2. The excellent selectivity of the process is verified with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. AS‐ALD is possible at deposition temperatures as low as 60 °C, with an area selective window from 60 to 120 °C. The deposition of RuO2 using other coreactants namely ethanol and isopropanol in combination with RuO4 increases the process's growth rate while maintaining selectivity. Testing different polymer thin films such as poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol), (poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), polystyrene, and Kraton reveals an important relationship between polymer structure and the applicability of such polymers as mask layers. Finally, the developed method is demonstrated by selectively depositing RuO2 on patterned SiO2/PMMA samples, followed by PMMA removal, resulting in RuO2 nanopatterns.
Hierarchical Wrinkling‐Cracking Architectures for Flexible Pressure Sensors
Authors: Yuan Haozhi , Liao Xiangbiao , Wu Kai , Chen Jiaorui , Chen Kai , Zhu Ting , Wang Yaqiang , Zhang Jinyu , Liu Gang , Sun Jun
Published: February 2023

Inspired by butterfly wing architectures, a facile but efficient approach is developed to realize three sensing characteristics in a single pressure sensor by harnessing hierarchical wrinkling‐cracking architectures, including i) wrinkling‐dominant (WD) mode, ii) wrinkling and cracking‐dominant (WCD) mode, and iii) cracking‐dominant (CD) mode. The pressure sensor can exhibit distinct sensing performances for various specific applications, depending on the working mode. In a WD mode, the sensor reveals an ultrahigh sensitivity (≈20 kPa−1) and a low limit of detection (0.6 Pa), capable of sensing acoustic vibrations, subtle pulses, and tiny motions. The sensor in WCD mode can monitor the full‐range human motion from the subtle pulse to human gait during walking/jogging. Moreover, the sensor in CD mode exhibits high sensitivity (1420 MPa−1) and excellent linearity over the ultrahigh pressure range (greater than 20 MPa), and are able to detect the movement of a car and distinguish the embarkation/debarkation of an adult passenger. The underlying mechanisms for the three sensing modes have been clearly elucidated, respectively. These findings open up new possibilities to design flexible pressure sensors by harnessing wrinkling‐cracking architectures.
Extending Anisotropy Dynamics of Light‐Emitting Dipoles as Necessary Condition Toward Developing Highly‐Efficient OLEDs
Authors: Wang Miaosheng , Luo Dian , Yeh Tzu‐Hung , Huang Yi‐Hsuan , Ko Chang‐Lun , Hung Wen‐Yi , Tang Yipeng , Liu Shun‐Wei , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Hu Bin
Published: February 2023

Designing in‐plane‐oriented light‐emitting dipoles is known as a critical method to develop high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) by enhancing light extraction. However, in‐plane‐oriented light‐emitting dipoles must demonstrate sufficient polarization memory extended into light emission lifetime window, generating extended anisotropy dynamics shown as the necessary condition to increase light extraction toward developing high‐efficiency OLEDs. This paper reports experimental studies on anisotropy dynamics of light‐emitting dipoles in both time and energy domains by using time‐resolved and steady‐state photoluminescence anisotropy measurements based on the in‐plane oriented exciplex‐heterostructured [BCzPh:CN‐T2T] host dispersed with phosphorescent molecules. It is found that, when host–guest Coulomb scattering is suppressed by parallel placing of the in‐plane‐configured phosphorescent Ir(ppy)2(acac) molecules into the in‐plane‐oriented exciplex‐heterostructured [BCzPh:CN‐T2T] host, the anisotropy dynamics of light‐emitting dipoles can be extended into microseconds time window comparable with its phosphorescence lifetime, satisfying the necessary condition in time domain to increase light out‐coupling efficiency toward developing high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in Ir(ppy)2(acac):exciplex system. More importantly, by suppressing host–guest Coulomb scattering, the high‐energy transition dipoles can still maintain extended anisotropy dynamics in the energy domain in Ir(ppy)2(acac):exciplex system while hot electrons are relaxing toward lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Consequently, the extended anisotropy dynamics of light‐emitting dipoles demonstrate a high EQE of 34.01% in the Ir(ppy)2(acac):exciplex OLED.
Chirality–Racemization Strategy Toward Copper (I) Iodide Hybrid Single‐Crystalline Scintillators for X‐Ray Detection and Imaging Applications
Authors: Song Zhexin , Jia Zhenglin , Guo Xiaoyu , Yu Binyin , Liu Guokui , Meng Lingqiang , Liu Yucheng , Lin Qianqian , Dang Yangyang
Published: February 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid copper(I)‐based halides have attracted great interest in the field of optoelectronics due to their low cost, non‐toxicity, large Stokes shift, and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Here, bulk zero‐dimensional (0D) organic‐inorganic hybrid copper(I)‐based (R,S‐2‐mpip)2Cu2I6 (mpip = methylpiperazinium, C5H14N22+) single crystals have been grown with equal stoichiometric ratios of R‐ and S‐2‐mpip ligands by chirality–racemization strategy for the first time. Interestingly, (R,S‐2‐mpip)2Cu2I6 single crystals exhibit strong blue–green photoluminescence (PL) located at 520 nm with large Stokes shift of about 230 nm and high PLQY of about 65.96%, which originates from self‐trapped excitons (STEs). More importantly, (R,S‐2‐mpip)2Cu2I6 single crystals also exhibit the strong radioluminescence (RL) at 520 nm, the fast X‐ray scintillation response with a light yield of about 47 000 photon MeV−1 and low detection limit of 6.48 nGyairs−1 when exposed to X‐ray irradiation condition, which is superior to that of other copper(I) iodide‐based hybrids. Based on the excellent characteristics, X‐ray imaging systems based on (R,S‐2‐mpip)2Cu2I6 single crystals exhibit the clear images of “QFNU” logo and crystal symbol pattern. This work not only deepens the understandings of material design and fundamental properties of these racemate systems, but also provides guidance for the further applications in the multi‐functional optoelectronics.
Guest Ion‐Dependent Reaction Mechanisms of New Pseudocapacitive Mg3V4(PO4)6/Carbon Composite as Negative Electrode for Monovalent‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Qiang , Schwarz Björn , Ding Ziming , Sarapulova Angelina , Weidler Peter G. , Missyul Alexander , Etter Martin , Welter Edmund , Hua Weibo , Knapp Michael , Dsoke Sonia , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: February 2023

Polyanion‐type phosphate materials, such as M3V2(PO4)3 (M = Li/Na/K), are promising as insertion‐type negative electrodes for monovalent‐ion batteries including Li/Na/K‐ion batteries (lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs)) with fast charging/discharging and distinct redox peaks. However, it remains a great challenge to understand the reaction mechanism of materials upon monovalent‐ion insertion. Here, triclinic Mg3V4(PO4)6/carbon composite (MgVP/C) with high thermal stability is synthesized via ball‐milling and carbon‐thermal reduction method and applied as a pseudocapacitive negative electrode in LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs. In operando and ex situ studies demonstrate the guest ion‐dependent reaction mechanisms of MgVP/C upon monovalent‐ion storage due to different sizes. MgVP/C undergoes an indirect conversion reaction to form Mg0, V0, and Li3PO4 in LIBs, while in SIBs/PIBs the material only experiences a solid solution with the reduction of V3+ to V2+. Moreover, in LIBs, MgVP/C delivers initial lithiation/delithiation capacities of 961/607 mAh g−1 (30/19 Li+ ions) for the first cycle, despite its low initial Coulombic efficiency, fast capacity decay for the first 200 cycles, and limited reversible insertion/deinsertion of 2 Na+/K+ ions in SIBs/PIBs. This work reveals a new pseudocapacitive material and provides an advanced understanding of polyanion phosphate negative material for monovalent‐ion batteries with guest ion‐dependent energy storage mechanisms.
Grain Boundary Phases in NbFeSb Half‐Heusler Alloys: A New Avenue to Tune Transport Properties of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Bueno Villoro Ruben , Zavanelli Duncan , Jung Chanwon , Mattlat Dominique Alexander , Hatami Naderloo Raana , Pérez Nicolás , Nielsch Kornelius , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey , Scheu Christina , He Ran , Zhang Siyuan
Published: February 2023

Many thermoelectric materials benefit from complex microstructures. Grain boundaries (GBs) in nanocrystalline thermoelectrics cause desirable reduction in the thermal conductivity by scattering phonons, but often lead to unwanted loss in the electrical conductivity by scattering charge carriers. Therefore, modifying GBs to suppress their electrical resistivity plays a pivotal role in the enhancement of thermoelectric performance, zT. In this work, different characteristics of GB phases in Ti‐doped NbFeSb half‐Heusler compounds are revealed using a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. The GB phases adopt a hexagonal close‐packed lattice, which is structurally distinct from the half‐Heusler grains. Enrichment of Fe is found at GBs in Nb0.95Ti0.05FeSb, but accumulation of Ti dopants at GBs in Nb0.80Ti0.20FeSb, correlating to the bad and good electrical conductivity of the respective GBs. Such resistive to conductive GB phase transition opens up new design space to decouple the intertwined electronic and phononic transport in thermoelectric materials.
UAV‐based NDVI estimation of sugarbeet yield and quality under varied nitrogen and water rates
Authors: Walsh Olga S. , Nambi Eva , Shafian Sanaz , Jayawardena Dileepa M. , Ansah Emmanuella Owusu , Lamichhane Ritika , McClintick‐Chess Jordan R.
Published: February 2023

The accuracy of the traditional soil and plant‐based techniques for assessing sugarbeet demand for nitrogen (N) and yield prediction is generally low. Refining N and irrigation water management is a key to maximizing return for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) growers from agronomic, economic, and environmental perspective. The use of Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) in combination with the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based data collection for in‐season estimation of sugarbeet root yield and sugar concentration has potential for precision N management. Sugarbeet field trials were conducted in Idaho in 2019 and 2020 to assess (1) effects of water and N fertilizer rates on yield and estimated recoverable sugar (ERS) and (2) feasibility of predicting root yield and ERS using UAV NDVI. At the lowest N rate, application of water at 100% level resulted in greater yield, compared to 50%, in both years. At higher N rates, 50% level produced higher yields. At each N level, application of water at 100% level resulted in lower ERS, compared to 50%. The UAV NDVI was strongly correlated with root yield and ERS. The relationship between UAV NDVI and root yield and ERS was stronger in July (60 days after planting) compared to June (40 days after planting). Estimating the yield and ERS potential in late June/early July and topdressing the crop before the end of July may help to improve N use efficiency while optimizing sugarbeet production.
Model‐based control of titer and glycosylation in fed‐batch mAb production: Modeling and control system development
Authors: Luo Yu , Kurian Varghese , Song Liqing , Wells Evan A. , Robinson Anne Skaja , Ogunnaike Babatunde A.
Published: February 2023

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are typically manufactured using mammalian cell cultures in fed‐batch bioreactors, with increasing emphasis on meeting productivity and product quality attribute targets that depend strongly on such process variables as nutrient feed rates and bioreactor operating conditions. In this article, we identify, categorize, and address the challenges of achieving both productivity and product quality goals simultaneously, by developing a multivariable, model‐based control system that can satisfy multiple production objectives in a fed‐batch cell culture process. Here, we discuss model development and present theoretical concepts of observability and controllability that are essential to understanding and handling effectively these intrinsic challenges. Subsequently, we evaluate via simulation the performance of the outer‐loop model predictive control and demonstrate the overall capability to satisfy complex production objectives in a laboratory scale bioreactor, as a first step toward the ultimate goal of creating an advanced control system for fed‐batch mAb manufacturing processes.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Where are we going
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Lazana Ioanna
Published: February 2023

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare nonmalignant clonal hematological disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of the GPI‐linked complement regulators on the membrane of hematopoietic cells, which renders them susceptible to complement‐mediated damage. Intravascular hemolysis (IVH), increased tendency for thrombosis, and bone marrow failure constitutes hallmark features of the disease and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The introduction of C5 inhibitors radically changed disease outcomes, offering a near‐normal life expectancy to PNH patients. However, residual IVH and extravascular hemolysis (EVH) continue to occur during C5‐inhibitor treatment, leaving a significant proportion of patients' anemic and some remaining transfusion dependent. Quality of life (QoL) has also been an issue with the regular intravenous (IV) administrations of the currently licensed C5 inhibitors. This has led to the exploration and development of novel agents, targeting different parts of the complement cascade, or having different formulations allowing for self‐administration. Longer‐acting and subcutaneous formulations of C5 inhibitors have shown equal safety and efficacy, whereas the development of proximal complement inhibitors is changing completely the therapeutic landscape of PNH, limiting both IVH and EVH and showing superior efficacy over C5 inhibitors, especially in improving haemoglobin. Combination treatments have also been tested with promising results. This review summarizes the current therapeutic options, gaps in anti‐complement therapy and discusses emerging therapeutic approaches for PNH.
Identification of circRNAs linked to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Puri Sambhavi , Hu Junming , Sun Zhuorui , Lin Mintao , Stein Thor D. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Wolozin Benjamin , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit selective expression in the brain and differential regulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To explore the role of circRNAs in AD, we investigated how circRNA expression varies between brain regions and with AD‐related stress in human neuronal precursor cells (NPCs).

Methods

Ribosomal RNA–depleted hippocampus RNA‐sequencing data were generated. Differentially regulated circRNAs in AD and related dementias were detected using CIRCexplorer3 and limma. circRNA results were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR of cDNA from the brain and NPCs.

Results

We identified 48 circRNAs that were significantly associated with AD. We observed that circRNA expression differed by dementia subtype. Using NPCs, we demonstrated that exposure to oligomeric tau elicits downregulation of circRNA similar to that observed in the AD brain.

Discussion

Our study shows that differential expression of circRNA can vary by dementia subtype and brain region. We also demonstrated that circRNAs can be regulated by AD‐linked neuronal stress independently from their cognate linear messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
Biominerallized Noble Metal‐Based RuO2 Nanozymes Against Myocardial Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Li Xi , Ren Xiangyi , Xie Maodi , Zhu Mengli , Zhang Yabing , Li Tao , Huo Minfeng , Li Qian
Published: February 2023

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly worldwide. Oxidative burst, which involves the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is the primary mechanism of IR‐mediated myocardial dysfunction and injury. Therefore, ROS elimination shows great potential for modulating IR injury. Herein, BSA‐coated RuO2 nanoparticles (RuO2@BSA, RA NPs) as free radical scavengers are synthesized and their therapeutic effect against myocardial IR injury is explored. The in vitro antioxidant effect of RA NPs in cardiomyocytes is initially demonstrated. In ischemic myocardium, the RA NPs mimic multiple enzymes to remarkably reduce the infarcted area and restore cardiac function through a cascade of enzyme‐like reactions, including the transformation of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the subsequent decomposition of H2O2 to oxygen. The therapeutic mechanism of the RA NPs is based on ROS scavenging and the inhibition of apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the high clinical potential of RA NPs in IR injury treatment.
Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation from Carbon Monoxide and Hydride: The Role of Metal Formyl Intermediates**
Authors: Parr Joseph M. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: February 2023

Current examples of carbon chain production from metal formyl intermediates with homogeneous metal complexes are described in this Minireview. Mechanistic aspects of these reactions as well as the challenges and opportunities in using this understanding to develop new reactions of CO and H2are also discussed.
Unequal Perylene Diimide Twins in a Quadruple Assembly
Authors: Chen Shuqi , Feng Shishi , Markvoort Albert J. , Zhang Cankun , Zhou Enyang , Liang WanZhen , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Jiang Yun‐Bao , Lin Jianbin
Published: February 2023

Natural light‐harvesting (LH) systems can divide identical dyes into unequal aggregate states, thereby achieving intelligent “allocation of labor”. From a synthetic point of view, the construction of such kinds of unequal and integrated systems without the help of proteinaceous scaffolding is challenging. Here, we show that four octatetrayne‐bridged ortho‐perylene diimide (PDI) dyads (POPs) self‐assemble into a quadruple assembly (POP)4 both in solution and in the solid state. The two identical PDI units in each POP are compartmentalized into weakly coupled PDIs (P520) and closely stacked PDIs (P550) in (POP)4. The two extreme pools of PDI chromophores were unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. To interpret the formation of the discrete quadruple assembly, we also developed a two‐step cooperative model. Quantum‐chemical calculations indicate the existence of multiple couplings within and across P520 and P550, which can satisfactorily describe the photophysical properties of the unequal quadruple assembly. This finding is expected to help advance the rational design of dye stacks to emulate functions of natural LH systems.
Effect of thermal oxygen aging on the crystallization and insulation properties of polyether ether ketone
Authors: Li Danyu , Xu Siyi , Li Jianxi
Published: February 2023

As an engineering material, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been widely used in many fields. It is important to study its thermal oxidative aging law for its material service optimization. The changes of chemical structure and relative properties of PEEK sheets after thermal oxygen aging at 280°C for different times were measured by universal tensile machine, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and resistance meter. The results showed that the elongation at break of the aged samples decreased with the extension of thermal aging time, while the tensile strength continuously increased within 336 h of thermal aging and then decreased gradually. Moreover, the crystallization temperature, melting enthalpy, and crystallinity of the samples decreased with the increase of thermal aging time. The crystallinity decreased to 2.3% after 2852 h aging and the initial decomposition temperature and the maximum decomposition temperature of PEEK gradually decreased from 554.3 to 523.5°C and 572.9 to 558.2°C, respectively. The increase of tan δ was more significant in the low frequency band (10−2–101) Hz. With the increase of aging time, the zeta potential of PEEK surface constantly moved to the negative direction and the volume resistivity and the dielectric strength similarly increased first and then decreased.
Photo‐facilitated chemodynamic therapeutic agents: Synthesis, mechanisms, and biomedical applications
Authors: Yang Nan , Cao Changyu , Lv Xinyi , Zhang Tian , Shao Jinjun , Song Xuejiao , Wang Wenjun , Chen Peng , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen
Published: February 2023

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizes Fenton and/or Fenton‐like reactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS, mainly hydroxyl radicals, •OH) for inducing cancer cell death. Since CDT exhibits minimal invasiveness and high tumor specificity by responding to TME (overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione (GSH) generation), a lot of related research has been conducted recently. Photo‐facilitated CDT can further enhance the catalytic activity and controllability of the treatment. In addition, other photo‐induced therapies, including photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT, PTT), may synergize with CDT to obtain boosting treatment efficacy and avoid multidrug resistance. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in photo‐assisted CDT, including PTT‐facilitated CDT and PDT‐facilitated CDT. More importantly, the challenges encountered in the treatment process are discussed and potential development directions are suggested to facilitate the clinical translation of photo‐assisted CDT in the future.
Challenges and opportunities of diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease based on structural magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hu Xiang , Meier Maria , Pruessner Jens
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This article aimed to carry out a narrative literature review of early diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on both micro and macro levels of pathology, indicating the shortcomings of current biomarkers and proposing a novel biomarker of structural integrity that associates the hippocampus and adjacent ventricle together. This could help to reduce the influence of individual variety and improve the accuracy and validity of structural biomarker.

Methods

This review was based on presenting comprehensive background of early diagnostic markers of AD. We have compiled those markers into micro level and macro level, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of them. Eventually the ratio of gray matter volume to ventricle volume was put forward.

Results

The costly methodologies and related high patient burden of “micro” biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers) hinder the implementation in routine clinical examination. In terms of “macro” biomarkers‐ hippocampal volume (HV), there is a large variation of it among population, which undermines its validity Considering the gray matter atrophies while the adjacent ventricular volume enlarges, we assume the hippocampal to ventricle ratio (HVR) is a more reliable marker than HV alone the emerging evidence showed hippocampal to ventricle ratio predicts memory functions better than HV alone in elderly sample.

Conclusions

The ratio between gray matter structures and adjacent ventricular volumes counts as a promising superior diagnostic marker of early neurodegeneration.
Separation and Qualitative Study of Mentha asiatica Boriss. Essential Oil Components by prep‐GC, GC‐QTOF‐MS, NMR and Prediction of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Aimila Aoken , Ma Xueping , Sodik Numonov , Mamat Xamxikamar , Aisa H. A. , Maiwulanjiang Maitinuer
Published: February 2023

In order to understand the material basis of wild Mentha asiatica Boris. in Xinjiang, the chemical constituents of essential oil extracted from aerial parts of this plant were studied. A total 52 components were detected and 45 compounds were identified. First of all, the essential oil was separated by silica gel column chromatography, and divided into several parts according to the results of thin layer chromatography. Eight fractions were obtained, and then each fragment was preliminarily screened for antibacterial activity. It was found that all eight fragments had certain antibacterial activity in different level. Then the fractions were subjected to preparative gas chromatography (prep‐GC) for further isolation. Ten compounds were identified by 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR and gas chromatography‐quadrupole time of flight‐Mass spectrometry (GC‐QTOF‐MS). They are sabinene, limonene and β‐caryophyllene, (1R*,3S*,5R*)‐sabinyl acetate, piperitone oxide, rotundifolone, thymol, piperitone, 4‐hydroxypiperiditone, cedrol. After screened by bioautography, 4‐hydroxypiperone and thymol were showed best antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of the two isolated compounds on Candida albicans and their related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that, 4‐hydroxypiperone and thymol significantly reduced ergosterol content on the surface of Candida albicans cell membrane in a dose‐dependent manner. This work has accumulated experience for the development and utilization of Xinjiang characteristic medicinal plant resources and new drug research and development, and provided scientific basis and support for the later research and development of Mentha asiatica Boris.
Immunosuppressive Bibenzyl‐phenylpropane Hybrids from Dendrobium devonianum
Authors: Zhan Rui , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Liu Bo , Chen Ye‐Gao
Published: February 2023

Two new bibenzyl‐phenylpropane hybrids, dendrophenols A and B (1 and 2), along with nine known bibenzyls, were isolated from the aerial part of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and methylation. Bioassays revealed that compounds 1–9 were specifically immunosuppressive to T lymphocytes with IC50 values ranging from 0.41 to 9.4 μM, of which compounds 1 (IC50=1.62 μM) and 2 (IC50=0.41 μM) were promising immunosuppressive agents for T lymphocytes with the selectivity indices of 19.9 and 79.5, respectively.
Macrophage efferocytosis in health and disease
Authors: Razi Shokufeh , Yaghmoorian Khojini Javad , Kargarijam Fateme , Panahi Susan , Tahershamsi Zahra , Tajbakhsh Amir , Gheibihayat Seyed Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Creating cellular homeostasis within a defined tissue typically relates to the processes of apoptosis and efferocytosis. A great example here is cell debris that must be removed to prevent unwanted inflammatory responses and then reduce autoimmunity. In view of that, defective efferocytosis is often assumed to be responsible for the improper clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs). This predicament triggers off inflammation and even results in disease development. Any disruption of phagocytic receptors, molecules as bridging groups, or signaling routes can also inhibit macrophage efferocytosis and lead to the impaired clearance of the apoptotic body. In this line, macrophages as professional phagocytic cells take the lead in the efferocytosis process. As well, insufficiency in macrophage efferocytosis facilitates the spread of a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney problems, types of cancer, asthma, and the like. Establishing the functions of macrophages in this respect can be thus useful in the treatment of many diseases. Against this background, this review aimed to recapitulate the knowledge about the mechanisms related to macrophage polarization under physiological or pathological conditions, and shed light on its interaction with efferocytosis.