bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing for Fully Autonomous Vehicles in Australian Cities: Land-Use Planning—Adapting, Transforming, and Innovating
Authors: Westerman Hans , Black John
Published: June 2024

A literature review found no evidence that there is any understanding of what it takes to plan land uses for the transition to fully autonomous vehicles at the precinct level, nor any conceptual agreement on the nature of the transformation of roads and their frontages. The methodology is based on the authors’ previous research into road friction and impact, which led to the production of Australian government guidelines. A case study of the City of Unley, South Australia, demonstrates the principles of risk analysis and risk management. Examples are then given on how to modify road movement corridors and adjacent land-use precincts in low-density, car-dependent environments, in high-density mixed land-use areas, in consolidating residential lots along movement corridors, and in areas with mobility hubs, all illustrated using conceptual sketches and plans. Directions for further research, of which collaborative workshops are needed involving different disciplinary perspectives on urban planning are identified.
Type-B Energetic Processes: Their Identification and Implications
Authors: Lee James Weifu
Published: June 2024

We have now identified two thermodynamically distinct types (A and B) of energetic processes naturally occurring on Earth. Type-A energy processes, such as classical heat engines, apparently well follow the second law of thermodynamics; Type-B energy processes, such as the newly discovered thermotrophic function that isothermally utilizes environmental heat energy to perform useful work in driving ATP synthesis, follow the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of mass and energy) but do not have to be constrained by the second law, owing to their special asymmetric functions. Several Type-B energy processes such as asymmetric function-gated isothermal electricity production and epicatalysis have been created through human efforts. The innovative efforts in Type-B processes to enable isothermally utilizing endless environmental heat energy could help to liberate all peoples from their dependence on fossil fuel energy, thus helping to reduce greenhouse gas CO2 emissions and control climate change towards a sustainable future for humanity on Earth. In addition to the needed support for further research, development, and commercialization efforts, currently, better messaging and education on Type-B energetic processes are also highly needed to achieve the mission.
Impact of Human Development on the Phenomenon of Surface Runoff Crossing Adjacent Watershed Boundaries
Authors: Lo WeiCheng , Wang Chang-Mien , Huang Chih-Tsung , Wu Meng-Hsuan
Published: June 2024

The concept of watersheds, also called catchments, is fundamental to both flood mitigation and water resource management, as it greatly aids in the calculation of overland flow attributes. Watershed boundaries are typically determined by elevation, as water adheres to the geological characteristics of watersheds under natural circumstances and does not cross watershed boundaries. However, advances in human development have caused elevation and land usage changes, and boundaries between adjacent watersheds in downstream areas with flat terrain have become unclear and unstable. This study chose the Kaoping River watershed and Donggang River watershed as the study area, to investigate the cross-watershed runoff phenomenon under different return period rainfall. Based on land use surveys of the study area, the area in proximity to the boundary between the two watersheds was highly developed, with land primarily used for agriculture, buildings, and transportation. As the study area was highly developed, cross-watershed runoff was observed, even in the 2-year return period rainfall simulation case. The size and depth of the areas where cross-watershed runoff occurred became stable in the simulation cases, with return periods of 25 years or greater due to the surrounding high-elevation terrain obstructing further surface runoff development. Thus, when planning for flood mitigation, cross-watershed runoff from adjacent watersheds must also be considered, in addition to normal surface runoff.
El deficiente desarrollo microempresarial en la ciudad de Loja, Ecuador
Authors: Vallejo Ramírez Jorge Baltazar , Villalta Villalta Jhesica Katerine , Aguilar Lima Mayerli de los Ángeles
Published: June 2024

El deficiente desarrollo microempresarial en la ciudad de Loja es uno de los principales problemas que se han presentado en el ámbito económico, financiero y social, es por ello que en el presente artículo se da a conocer como es el desarrollo microempresarial y su relación con los factores sociales y económicos, dado que actualmente se muestran estadísticas donde ciudad de Loja representa el 3,2 % del total de las microempresas en el Ecuador, considerándose como un porcentaje muy por debajo de la media obtenida y presentada por otras ciudades, razón por la cual se muestran las causas y efectos de la carencia de desarrollo microempresarial y sus repercusiones en la economía local. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la carencia de desarrollo microempresarial se da por algunos aspectos como: la desorganización social o aislamiento del individuo, ubicación geográfica, fracaso  y  rentabilidad  microempresarial,  insuficiencia del  capital  y  la ausencia de tener una buena planificación. Finalmente, se menciona que existen factores que frena el desarrollo microempresarial en Loja que limitan su crecimiento económico y social
Destinos turísticos inteligentes, más que tecnología: situación en América Latina
Authors: Bravo Acosta Olga Morelba
Published: June 2024

Durante las últimas décadas, términos como ciudad inteligente, destino inteligente y turismo inteligente comenzaron a utilizarse a medida que el rol de la tecnología y la innovación se hizo más importante en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad. Esta investigación se propone explorar los aspectos distintivos del destino inteligente como un nuevo contexto para las experiencias del turista, asumiendo como foco su desarrollo en América Latina. Se realizó una revisión sistemática centrada en las principales bases de datos de revistas científicas en acceso abierto (Scopus, Science Direct, Ebsco, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, y el buscador Google Académico), para obtener artículos publicados desde el año 2019, referidos a países de la región. Pudieron detallarse las limitaciones y avances de las ciudades consideradas en 22 artículos, correspondientes a Brasil, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, México y Paraguay. Igualmente, se describió el proceso seguido por las seis ciudades que actualmente se encuentran certificadas como destino turístico inteligente, según el modelo de la Sociedad Estatal para la Gestión de la Innovación y las Tecnologías Turísticas, S.A. (España), integrado por cinco ejes: gobernanza, innovación, tecnología, sostenibilidad y accesibilidad. Se concluye que los conceptos asociados al término inteligente comparten elementos comunes en su enfoque de utilizar la tecnología y la información para mejorar la calidad de vida de residentes y visitantes, así como para optimizar la gestión de recursos y la experiencia turística; por lo tanto, la práctica del turismo inteligente debe comenzar a implementarse para mejorar la experiencia del turista e iniciar el desarrollo hacia un destino inteligente.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of AKI in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Ashruf Omer S. , Ashruf Zaid , Orozco Zara , Zinter Matt , Abu-Arja Rolla , Yerigeri Keval , Haq Imad U. , Kaelber David C. , Bissler John , Raina Rupesh
Published: June 2024

Key Points

The cumulative incidence of AKI diagnosis post–hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 12.9%. Calcineurin inhibitor use was associated with the highest cumulative incidence, 21.6%, after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Patients with AKI with hypertension/hypertensive disease had a 30-day survival probability of 63.9% (hazard ratio, 4.86, 95% confidence interval, 3.58 to 6.60).

Patients with AKI were 2.5 times more likely to experience composite hospitalization and/or mortality at 30 days. Of patients who developed AKI, dialysis dependence has nearly tripled since 2014.

Background

AKI is a common complication in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with a reported prevalence ranging from 68% to 84%. Few multicenter pediatric studies comprehensively assess the epidemiologic associations and clinical outcomes associated with AKI development.

Methods

An observational, retrospective analysis was conducted using an aggregated electronic health record data platform. The study population consisted of pediatric patients (age <18 years) who underwent HSCT over a 20-year period. The study groups consisted of patients with an encounter diagnosis of AKI (n=713) and those without AKI (n=4455). Both groups were propensity matched for age, sex, race, prior cancer diagnosis, and other comorbidities. End points were incidence, mortality risk, clinical outcomes, and prevalence of dialysis dependence. Competing risks analysis, Cox proportional hazard analyses, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and incidence/prevalence rates were calculated.

Results

After matching, 688 patients were identified. Cumulative incidence of AKI diagnosis post-HSCT was 13.7%. Hypertensive disease, calcineurin inhibitors, and vancomycin were the most prevalent risk factors for AKI, with calcineurin inhibitors showing the highest cumulative incidence (21.6%). Patients with AKI with hypertensive disease had a survival probability of 63.9% at 30 days, followed by calcineurin inhibitors (64.4%) and vancomycin (65.9%). Patients with AKI were 1.7 times more likely to experience composite hospitalization and/or mortality at 30 days. At 365 days post-HSCT, patients with AKI had higher rates of all-cause emergency department visits, intensive care unit admissions, and mechanical ventilation compared with non-AKI. Of patients who developed AKI, the prevalence of dialysis dependence has nearly tripled since 2014.

Conclusions

The findings highlight a strong association between specific risk factors, such as hypertension, calcineurin inhibitor use, and vancomycin use, with increased mortality and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AKI after HSCT. These results emphasize the need for preventative actions such as 24-hour BP monitoring and discontinuation of potential nephrotoxic medications.
The Effects of Pain and Disability Resulting from Shoulder Pathologies on Balance and Mobility
Authors: Kaya Aytutuldu Güzin , Vural Buket , Kısa Eylül Pınar , Budak Büşra , Aydın Teoman
Published: June 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between pain and disability in shoulder pathologies on balance and mobility.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional design study and was conducted with forty participants (between 40 and 65 years) with a pathology. related to the upper extremity shoulder such as impingement, rotator cuff tear or repair, frozen shoulder. Shoulder pain and functionality were evaluated using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Static balance was evaluated by measuring the duration of standing balance on the patient's right and left extremities with single leg stance test. Five times sit to stand test was used for assessment of the functional strength of the lower extremity and functional mobility. Tinetti Balance and Gait Test was used for gait and balance condition of patients in our study.
Results: 22.5% of the patients had shoulder impingement syndrome, 57.5% had rotator cuff pathology, 20% had frozen shoulder syndrome in this study. No differences were found between three subgroups according to diagnosis in terms of SPADI total and sub scores, five times sit to stand test, single leg stance test and Tinetti total and sub scores (p>0.05). Although the disability sub score was found higher in patients had frozen shoulder this finding was not found statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between the mean disability sub score of SPADI and Five times sit to stand test. (p
Hemşirelerin İş Tatminleri ile Örgütsel Muhalefet Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Toraman Aynur , İzgüden Dilruba
Published: June 2024

Öz
Araştırmada hemşirelerin iş tatminleri ile örgütsel muhalefet davranışlarını sergileme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hemşirelerin örgütsel muhalefet davranışlarını sergileme eğilimleri ile hangi örgütsel muhalefet davranışlarını daha fazla sergilediklerinin belirlenmesi, işlerinden sağladıkları doyum seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve bahsi geçen değişkenler arasında ilişkinin söz konusu olup olmadığı, var ise ne yönde bir ilişkinin söz konusu olduğunun ortaya konulması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırmanın evrenini üçüncü basamak sağlık kuruluşunda görev yapan hemşireler oluşturmaktadır. Gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak evren içerisinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile araştırmaya dâhil olan 337 hemşireden elde edilen veriler ile çalışma yürütülmüştür. İş tatmini ve Örgütsel Muhalefet ölçekleri ile demografik bilgilere ilişkin anket formuna eklenen sorularla veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler analize tabi tutulmuştur. Hemşirelerin orta seviyede iş tatminlerinin olduğu ve örgütsel muhalefet davranışlarından sırasıyla en fazla dikey muhalefet davranışlarını, ardından yatay ve yer değiştirmiş muhalefet davranışlarını sergileme eğilimlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hemşirelerin işlerinden sağladıkları doyum seviyesi ile örgütsel muhalefet davranışlarını sergileme eğilimi arasında da ilişkinin varlığı ortaya konulmuştur. İş tatmini yüksek olan hemşirelerin dikey muhalefet sergileme eğilimlerinin de daha yüksek seviyede olduğu ve iş yerinde yaşadıkları problemleri üst yöneticilerine aktararak sorunun çözümüne yönelik arayış içinde oldukları görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan iş tatmini düşük olan hemşirelerin ise yer değiştirilmiş muhalefet davranışı sergileyerek sorunun çözümünden ziyade kendilerini rahatlama yolunu tercih ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır.
Factors Influencing Depressive Symptom Based on the Type of Care for Older Adults Living at Home
Authors:   Korean Society of Nursing Research, Lee Han Yi , An Ji Yeon , Jang Sun Young
Published: June 2024

Purpose : This study examines how different types of care－formal and informal－affect depressive symptoms in older adults at home. Methods : Using data from the 2020 National Survey on Older Adults in South Korea, which included responses from 498 elderly individuals receiving care, we conducted logistic regression analyses to identify factors influencing depressive symptoms based on the type of care received. Results : The analysis showed significant differences in depressive symptoms between those receiving formal and informal care. In the formal care group, a better subjective perception of health was associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR＝0.47, p＜.001), while an increase in chronic conditions (OR＝1.15, p＝.007) and higher dependency in instrumental daily activities (OR＝1.08, p＜.001) increased the risk of depressive symptoms. Conversely, improved cognitive function was linked to reduced depression risks (OR＝0.96, p＜.001). In the informal care group, similar trends were observed. Notably, family cohabitation significantly influenced depressive symptoms outcomes, highlighting the importance of family support in care dynamics. Access to necessary facilities and adequate care provision also emerged as critical factors in mitigating depressive symptoms risks across both care types. Conclusion : The study underscores the importance of tailored interventions that enhance care accessibility and adequacy, particularly in informal settings, to improve mental health outcomes among the elderly.
The Mediating Effects of Communication Ability and Organizational Justice on the Relationship between Nursing Work Environment and Nursing Performance in Clinical Nurses
Authors:   Korean Society of Nursing Research, Kim Byung Hee , Oh Young Ju
Published: June 2024

Purpose : This present study investigated communication ability, organizational justice, and their mediating effects on the relationship between nursing work environment and nursing performance among clinical nurses. Methods : This cross-sectional study included 192 participants. Data were collected between May 1 to May 24, 2023 using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro (4.0). Results : The mean score for nursing performance was 3.77±0.49 (range 1∼5). Nursing performance was significantly associated with the nursing work environment (r＝.39, p＜.001), communication ability (r＝.68, p＜.001), and organizational justice (r＝.49, p＜.001). Using PROCESS macro model 4, nursing work environment was found to directly affect nursing performance (β＝.39, p＜.001). Additionally, nursing work environment directly affected nurses’ communication ability (β＝.49, p＜.001) and organizational justice (β＝.50, p＜.001). The full mediating effect of communication ability(β＝.08, p＝.214, 95% bootstrap. CI: 0.25∼0.45), and organizational justice (β＝.20, p＝.006, 95% bootstrap. CI: 0.13∼0.32) partial mediation effect on nursing work environment and nursing performance. Conclusion : Communication ability and organizational justice in Clinical Nurses should be considered when developing nursing interventions to enhance nursing work environments and improve nursing performance.
Impact on Nursing Students' Intentions to Care for the Elderly
Authors:   Korean Society of Nursing Research, Kim Shin Hee , Kim Ju Yeoun , Kwak Yun Bok
Published: June 2024

Purpose : This study the factors influencing nursing students’ intentions to care for the elderly. Methods : The data was collected from 144 nursing students from December 1 to December 20, 2023. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 by descriptive statistical analysis, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results : There was a significant difference in nursing students’ intentions to care for the elderly, depending on needs in gerontological nursing curriculum. Intentions to care for the elderly was significant positive correlation with frequency and quality of contact with older adults, significant negative correlation with ageism and a significant positive correlation with empathy. Factors influencing for Intentions to care for the elderly was needs in gerontological nursing curriculum(β＝.18, p＝.025) and ageism( β＝－.33, p＜.001), explained 18% of the total variance. Conclusion : This study confirmed the need for a gerontological nursing curriculum to increase nursing students' willingness to care for the elderly and the need to develop various educational environments and programs to alleviate discrimination against the elderly.
PO-MU-MA Emergency food bar: nutritional, microbial, sensorial, and cost analysis
Authors: Ibayan Lyka Mae Socao , Bauding Frenzel May Diano , Cabading Maxyne Piper Salupen , Cayabyab Bernadette Manuel , Belino Pelin Bugtong
Published: June 2024

In 2015, 62.6 million women and children received food assistance in emergencies. However, they are usually provided with foods containing sufficient energy rather than a balanced diet. A nutrient-dense emergency food bar (PO-MU-MA) was made from local ingredients: potato (Solanum t.), mung bean (Vigna radiata l.), and malunggay (Moringa o.) to optimize local foods and aimed to evaluate its sensorial acceptability, nutrient content, microbial load, moisture content, and cost analysis. An experimental design was used for the three (3) formulations with 25D consisting of 18g of potato and mung bean flour, 5.15 g of malunggay-infused water, and other ingredients. 99Z and Q2Y have the same ingredients but with potato flour and mung bean flour in different ratios, namely, 27g potato flour and 9g mung bean flour for 99Z and 9g potato flour and 27g mung bean flour in Q2Y. For appearance (color) and aroma, 99Z is the most acceptable. The acceptability in terms of taste is the same. For texture, Q2Y was chosen, as well as for overall acceptability. Nutrient analysis of the most acceptable product formulation showed an energy content of 461 kcal per 100g, sufficient to provide 22% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for energy. The carbohydrate content per 100g is 56.25g, protein is 8.30g, and fat is 22.6g. For microbial load, yeast and mold are low (40 CFU/g), while E. coli and Salmonella are both negative, making the product safe for consumption. Furthermore, the food bar has a low moisture content (11%). For product costing, it shows that 100g of the product costs PHP 28.36. Generally, the PO-MU-MA Emergency Food Bar is recommended for food and nutrition needs in emergencies.
An update on natural bioactive components of traditional preparations for the treatment of nephrolithiasis; a review
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Alam Mohammad Sabir , Arif Muhammad , Usmani Shazia , Anjum Mohammad Meraj , Bhalla Vijay , Garg Arun
Published: June 2024

Nephrolithiasis is a condition characterized by the formation of crystal concretions within the kidneys or urinary tract. This urological disorder is on the rise globally, affecting both male and female populations. Unfortunately, conventional medicines used in the treatment of nephrolithiasis often lead to certain complications, eventually resulting in end-stage renal disease. As a result, there has been a growing interest in seeking risk-free therapies from nature to address this issue caused by the undesired effects of synthetic drugs. Evidence-based traditional medicine has emerged as a significant approach to treating nephrolithiasis, gaining recognition within the scientific community. In this review, we summarize recent scientific reports on various herbal drugs with clinical relevance in the treatment of nephrolithiasis, utilizing them as part of traditional medicine practices in the Asian continent. Additionally, several traditional medicine formulations from Ayurveda, Unani, and homeopathic systems, known for their potential lithotriptic effects and clinical applications, are highlighted. The primary focus of this review is to explore the mechanisms involved in the formation of kidney stones and provide a concise compilation of therapeutically effective herbs used in nephrolithiasis treatment.
Kontribusi Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Peningkatan Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Nasrulloh  , Deza Ikbal Mochamad , Widiyanto Yogi , Pramono Bayu
Published: June 2024

Pembelajaran teknologi informasi (TI) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris. Fungsi teknologi informasi (TI) dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dibahas dalam artikel ini. Topik yang dibahas meliputi komunikasi dan kerjasama, penilaian elektronik, pembelajaran berbasis multimedia, pembelajaran mandiri, dan akses terhadap sumber daya dan aplikasi pembelajaran. Tinjauan literatur adalah pendekatan yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan data terkini mengenai fungsi TI dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TI membuat sumber belajar mudah diakses, memudahkan penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris, meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran melalui konten multimedia, memungkinkan komunikasi dan kerjasama internasional, membuat prosedur penilaian dan umpan balik menjadi lebih mudah, dan mendorong pembelajaran mandiri. Singkatnya, teknologi informasi secara signifikan meningkatkan proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris.
Penggunaan Big Data untuk Personalisasi Layanan dalam Bisnis E-Commerce
Authors: Septiani Silvia , Musthofa  , Seviawani Putri
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan big data untuk personalisasi layanan dalam bisnis e-commerce. Denganmemanfaatkan algoritma machine learning, perusahaan dapat mengelompokkan pelanggan berdasarkan polabelanja mereka dan memberikan rekomendasi produk yang lebih relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapersonalisasi layanan berbasis big data secara signifikan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 20% danloyalitas pelanggan sebesar 15%. Selain itu, implementasi personalisasi ini juga meningkatkan efisiensioperasional dan penjualan produk yang direkomendasikan sebesar 25%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwastrategi personalisasi berbasis big data tidak hanya meningkatkan pengalaman pelanggan tetapi jugamemberikan keunggulan kompetitif bagi perusahaan e-commerce. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar perusahaane-commerce terus mengembangkan dan mengadopsi teknologi big data dan machine learning untukmengoptimalkan personalisasi layanan dan mencapai kinerja bisnis yang lebih baik.
Analisis Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Bisnis (Studi Kasus UMKM Lapar Café Karawang)
Authors: Khussurur Mifta , Murtadho Dhiya Fawwaz , Fathonah Aida , Fatah Muhammad Nailil Fahmi , Savitri Fania Mutiara
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini membahas analisis penerapan manajemen risiko dalam bisnis Lapar Café. Tujuannya adalah menganalisisrisiko operasional, risiko taktis, dan risiko strategis dalam bisnis Lapar Café. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahkualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa beberapa risiko muncul dalam kegiatan operasional, taktis, danstrategis UMKM Lapar Café berdasarkan konsep manajemen risiko. Penelitian ini menyarankan perusahaan untukmengambil tindakan untuk mengatasi masalah risiko yang dihadapi dan mencegah risiko lain.
There is no God
Authors: Uroko Favour Chukwuemeka
Published: June 2024

In Nigeria, corruption pervades most sectors, beginning with the executive; the second is the legislature; and the third is the judiciary. The purpose of this article is to examine the aphorism that there is no God in Psalm 14:1–7 and its importance to Nigerians. Several works of literature have not used the aphorism in Psalm 14 in analysing the Nigerian context. Psalm 14 is believed to be written by David, and it shows his cry against corrupters and those who trample upon the rights of the poor in society. This is a qualitative study that used discourse analysis with data gotten from relevant academic literature. Emerged themes include: i) Do as you like (vv. 1); ii) People do not understand (vv. 2–3); iii) the rich and power (vv. 4-6); and iv) judgement is very soon (vv. 5-7). Findings show that in Nigeria, everywhere is pervaded by corruption, beginning with the executive, the legislature, and the judicial arm of government. Most of the policies made by the government are anti-people. Government ministries and parastatals are very much involved in the collection of bribes before doing the right thing.
The waste management of Polish households as an element of circular behaviours – An analysis of research results
Authors: Szczygieł Elżbieta , Szyja Paulina , Kowalska Katarzyna , Śliwa Renata
Published: June 2024

The increasing amount of waste generated by households requires specific action because of the need for change dictated by the circular economy. To this end, it is necessary to diagnose the key characteristics of households that can influence the way their members manage their waste and then develop circular behaviours. This paper is an attempt to identify the key characteristics of households that can influence the way their members manage their waste. In the article, the authors present a literature review on circular economy in the field of household members' behaviour. The main objective is a statistical analysis of the differences in the way of managing waste due to the socio-economic characteristics of the households, which was carried out using data from one of the authors' own research. Within the analysis, the authors presented the socio-economic profile of the person who manages the waste carefully. Seven hypotheses were tested in the article. Only three were confirmed.
Theological foundation of the visual representation of universal history in
Renaissance “Chronicles in Picture” manuscripts
Authors:   Russian State University for the
            Humanities, Piven M. G. ,   Moscow Theological Academy
Published: June 2024

This study examines theological aspects of a particular group of illuminated
Renaissance manuscripts, known as “Chronicles in Pictures”. Miniatures in this codex
group, stored in different museums, private collections and libraries date back to the
lost “Uomini famosi” mural in Giordano Orsini’s palace in Rome (1432, attributed to
Masolino da Panicale). Following the fresco cycle of Sala Theatri, the world history was
represented through images of “famous people” from different times. This collection of
figures formed a distinctive view of a “universal chronicle”. The article explores
characteristic features of the Crespi Chronicle, the Cockerell Chronicle and their later
copies, and focuses on the construction of the narra-tives and on the characterization
of individual images. Particular attention is paid to textual sources of the tradition
to present universal history as a realization of God’s plan of salva-tion. The visual
narrative begins with a symbolic representation of the creation of the world through the
symbols of four primary elements, then traces the periodization of history into Six
Ages, widely used in the imagery of the manuscripts. The paper further discusses some
peculiar interpretations of biblical imagery, including figures of saints and church
fathers. A special place in the artistic language of “Chronicles in Pictures” was
occupied by attributes and gestures, which helped viewers to appreciate main semantic
lines and contexts of the narrative.
Iconography in words: Constructing a glossary of the iconographic method
Authors:   National Research University
            “Higher School of Economics”, Pozhidaeva A. V. , Mkrtchian N. А. ,   National Research University
            “Higher School of Economics”, Sidorenko M. K. ,   National Research University
            “Higher School of Economics”, Spiridonova S. V. ,   National Research University
            “Higher School of Economics”, Suslova E. А. ,   National Research University
            “Higher School of Economics”
Published: June 2024

The article describes the experience of compiling and classifying an extensive,
but poorly unified terminological base used by researchers in the field of iconography.
We are not talking about terms used to put the content of images into words, but about
key theoret-ical terms, such as “sample”, “model”, “original”, “copy”, “quote” and other
similar concepts employed in iconographic thought. The paper discusses the usage of
these terms by both classical and modern authors, such as N. V. Pokrovsky, A. Grabar, F.
Bruno, G. Svartsensky, J. Alexander, etc. Further, we propose to arrange the concepts
into four classes: (1) defini-tions referring to an entire image and its components; (2)
definitions relating to the content of a single work or a cycle in their entirety or
divided into units of meaning; (3) terminology around a “sample–copy–quote” type of
relationship between individual images and the cop-ying process itself; (4) the terms
describing the visual toolkit of a particular master or a group and ways of its
transmission both within and outside his workshop, including guides, manu-als and
instructions for craftsmen. In each class, the terms are listed in the order from basic
and elementary to more complex and sophisticated. The classification is not complete and
requires further work
Princely memorials: The nuances of the royal name day theme in Yaroslavl wall
paintings of the 17th and early 18th centuries
Authors:   Yaroslavl Art Museum, Makarova E. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The focus of this paper is on the glorification of the Romanov house in early
Modern times in the art of Yaroslavl. The city of Yaroslavl was closely involved in the
chain of events leading to the enthronement of the reigning Romanov dynasty and that is
why much attention was paid in the city to their glorification in church worship and
ecclesiastical art. Images of holy princes on temple pillars and the consecration of
cathedrae in honor of tsars and princes have become a tradition in Yaroslavl. Our study
of the iconography of murals in Yaroslavl churches confirms that the lives and destinies
of each Romanovs’ generation were reflected in Yaroslavl’s monumental painting,
including images of princes who died in infancy. For con-temporaries, a death of an heir
to the throne was a great loss and an omen of coming tribula-tions. The long life of the
tsar and his family was, conversely, seen as a promise of stability and abundance in the
country. To ensure longevity and well-being of royal figures the intercession of patron
saints of the royal family was evoked. Their images were widely disseminated both in
icons and in wall painting. The highest point of their glorification was the unique
fresco com-position “May the Tsar and His family be blessed”, representing the genealogy
of the Romanov dynasty, ascending from the holy princes and crowned by numerous
tsareviches (tsar’s sons). Based on the analysis of this composition the interplay of
reality and fiction in popular per-ception of the ruling house is discussed.
She who is crucified upon the Rood of Time: Parergonality of intervisuality in the
national-religious reflection in Russia at the beginning of the new millennium. The
iconographic study
Authors: Lashkhia L. , Rogov M. A. ,   Foundation for the Promotion
            of Education, Science and Art “New Art Studies”,   Dubna State University
Published: June 2024

This article studies intervisuality (Michael Camille, 1991) in the context of
icono-graphic studies by the example of a Russian religious painting created at the turn
of the 21st century. Our analysis of intervisuality is based on Derrida’s approach which
makes use of the concept ‘parergon’. This is something that does not belong to the work
(ergon) but is con-nected to it. The ergon without parergon lacks self-sufficiency. In
the case of intervisuality, the interaction of the work (ergon) with its visual and
verbal frames and sources (parerga), accompanied with the gaps and incongruities of
perception, or “frame friction” in the words of Simone Heller-Andrist (2012), bring us
to solutions of research problems of iconological interpretation and attribution. Thus,
the impression of “fake” produced by parergon, such as the design of the reverse side of
a painting, mimicking an icon board (if there is a confi-dence in intentionality),
indicates author’s manifestation in which parergon and ergon inter-change similarly to
the “manneristic inversion” noted by Max Dvořák (1922), while uninten-tional
imperfection due to failures, lack of skill or limited resources would rather indicate
the inept stylization or a plain imitation. Thus, the parergonality of intervisuality
enriches the problem field of iconographic and visual research with meaning. The work is
based on an art historical study of a painting by an unknown author, a visualization of
thoughts on national and religious themes and visual exegesis of historical symbolism
appreciated by the audience of the period of the work’s creation. It is rich in
allusions to texts on the religious philoso-phy of freedom by Nikolai Berdyaev (1911)
about the crucified truth of Christianity and to the historiosophical lectures and poems
by Maximilian Voloshin (1920) thematizing the cruci-fied Russia–a metaphorical image
which was popular during periods of social upheavals in national history.
Visual theology of oikonomia
Authors:   Russian State University for the
            Humanities, Markov A. V. , Shtayn O. A. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2024

The concept of oikonomia, which brings together cosmology, anthropology and
jurisprudence is characteristic of iconic culture in the Byzantine tradition. Drawing on
the political ideas of Leo Strauss and the interpretation of icons in the theories of
the visual by Paul Virilio, Jean-Luc Marion, and Marie-Josée Mondzain, we reconstruct
the applicability limits of this concept in visual programs. Oikonomia is a principle of
legal regulation that converts legal conflicts into economic ones. It helps to
understand the world economy as a global system that has an eschatological dimension.
The oikonomia of salvation, with its dogmatic meaning, is realized in practical life and
in practical mind as a professionalization of econ-omy in a broad sense. In the
structure of oikonomia, the distinction between theoretical and practical reason is
ultimately fulfilled, so that the concept should be understood not as a mode of
adaptation to the current situation, but as a symbiosis in the sense of Graham Harman’s
Immaterialism. Therefore, we can say that oikonomia constitutes an alternative to
Protestant ethics, and regularizes the elaboration of iconic forms as teleological,
building an architecture of designs and their realizations. This kind of approach to
oikonomia encourages us to adopt a new viewpoint on the achievements of Russian
religious thought: to see it not as a dogmatic creativity but as a requisite ethical
reflection or practical eschatology. The iconic can then be described not as a balance
of representation and solemn construction, as it is usually done when specific visual
techniques of icon-making are presented, that is as a necessary solemn liturgical
entrance of the heavenly into the earthly. Another, equally consistent description is
possible, a balance of solemn politics and eschatological sincerity, where politics
represents its own self, while sincerity appears as an aspect of solemn appeal and an
implementation of higher- level plans in relation to aesthetic and ethical decisions.
This will explain the development of the icon in Modern era and show how various
practical interpretations of oikonomia can be applied non-discursively, but only within
the manifestation of eschatological experience.
A Service-based Architecture For Learning Management Systems Which Supports Personalisation And Collaboration
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Schmid Markus
Published: June 2024

"This work develops a service-based architecture for an extensible and customisable learning management system (LMS) runtime environment. The architecture mainly defines interfaces for the interaction of functional system components represented by loosely coupled distributed services. Services that represent functional components of the distributed LMS are called e-leaming services. In addition, underlying infrastructure services provide supportive functionality such as service-lookup within an institution. Users access the system using an LMS portal component that acts as a front-end for the LMS services. While existing e-leaming environments provide a relatively good coverage of most of the functional requirements defined in this work, they usually exclude the personalisation and collaboration areas particularly addressed in this work. The e-leaming environment is modelled as a distributed architecture with the functional components represented by a collection of more or less independent services. Our architecture tries to standardise core interfaces for services belonging to different classes. These interfaces may be further extended by service vendors in order to support enhanced features. The main aims of the architecture are cross-service personalisation of the resulting run-time system and support of institutional collaboration. The architecture focuses on modularity, configurability and extensibility of the LMS services and supports institutional cooperation by allowing remote-access to LMS services."
Measuring Software Size For Continuous Process Improvement
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, O'Sullivan Claire
Published: June 2024

"This thesis looks at how the size of a software product can be measured. It looks at current software sizing methods (LOC and FPA) and shows that they are not sufficient in today’s rapidly changing environment. The COSMIC-FFP method is introduced and an overview of how it works is given. The hypothesis to be tested in this thesis is whether COSMIC-FFP is an accurate, repeatable sizing method that when applied to any type of software project produces a size measure that can be used to predict the effort required to complete the project. This thesis investigates the use of the COSMIC-FFP method with past software design methods (Data Flow Diagrams), current design methods (Unified modelling Language) and future design methods (Agile Methodologies). It shows that there is a clear logical mapping between these methods and the COSMIC-FFP model. Mappings from these design methods to the COSMIC-FFP model have been developed and tested. Using these mappings to execute the size count allows for repeatability and accuracy. They also allow the sizing exercise of software projects to be easily automated by incorporating the count into design tools. The size of a project is used to predict the effort required to complete a project. To test a sizing method one needs to check the relationship between size and effort. If a statistically significant relationship exists between these two variables then the sizing method can be used to predict effort. To prove the second part to the stated hypothesis an empirical evaluation of the size/effort relationship for projects that have been sized using the COSMIC-FFP method is carried out. The results obtained show that COSMIC-FFP can be applied to any type of software project and the size count can be reliably used to predict the effort required for the project. This may be of importance to the software community. Having a reliable, accurate size measure for past, current and future projects of any type will allow organisations to compare projects and so enhance software process improvement."
Optimisation Of Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow In The Cooling Of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Facades.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Hodge Eoin
Published: June 2024

"The aim of this research was to explore the effects of mature and developing technologies from aeronautical industries such as impingement and film cooling, and electronic cooling techniques, in the setting up of different laminar and turbulent flow regimes on PV cooling duct heat transfer rates, with air flow as that brought about with natural buoyancy effects in a vertical building facade. The problem of efficiency losses in PV panels, due to overheating, is one of the factors restricting the development and use of this renewable power source. PV panels can experience very high temperatures, due to the heat input by that part of the absorbed solar radiation that is not converted directly into electricity. The technology behind injecting air coolant through perforations onto a hot plate surface is currently employed in solar air heaters, and in gas turbine blade cooling in industry. The turbulation research was adapted from technology currently being employed and developed in the gas turbine blade cooling area for the internal cooling passages of the turbine blades. The research was undertaken through mathematical and Finite Element CFD modeling, with extensive experimental testing and subsequent analysis. Significant heat transfer enhancement was demonstrated, in most cases with an accompanying increase in pressure drop penalty, but with some cooling techniques proving to have remarkably efficient cooling mechanisms, even for the relatively low flowrates involved. The expanded exit hole orientated at 35° to the streamwise flow direction was concluded to be far superior to all other injection mechanisms examined, with heat transfer enhancement of 26.9%, 46.3%, and relative pressure penalties of 10.9%, 18.8% at the buoyancy induced flow rates. Dimple turbulators, particularly the optimised one, of lower pitch to diameter ratio (s/d=1.3), offered notably enhanced cooling of 6.2% and 11.2% at the buoyancy induced flowrates, with very low relative flow friction penalties of 3.5%, 6.4% at the corresponding flowrates. From the viewpoint of practicality, the dimple turbulator has the highest manufacturability potential, with no extra installation or maintenance problems to consider. This research showed that under suitable flow conditions, and for different PV configurations, an increase in heat transfer and thus cell cooling is currently feasible and viable, and will result in increased electrical efficiency."
Multi-path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Murphy John
Published: June 2024

"A number of potential methods for the production of multiple light beams for long- path differential absorption spectroscopy have been considered and analysed. The system deemed most suitable has been designed, constructed and tested over two adjacent measurement paths. The system was built in Cork Institute of Technology to the west of Cork City, Ireland during the period 2000 - 2004. The system has been tested during the winter period of 2003/2004 and ambient concentrations of SO2 and NO2 have been measured and are reported. The measurement of additional gaseous species and suspended particulate matter was excluded from this study owing to the difficulties involved in particle size discrimination via spectroscopic techniques and calibration-related issues. The system has been empirically calibrated using known gas volumes. The entire instrument is controlled via LabVIEW. This includes data acquisition, hardware interfacing and overall system control, automated data reduction and processing. Recognised issues with the present design, such as scanning repeatability, image drift, interference from other gases and the physical bulk of the deflection system are highlighted, and modifications and improvements are suggested. The applicability of the system to tomographic reconstruction also considered. Major findings of this study were: I) modest fixed-grating spectrographs are suited to long-path DOAS applications; 2) CCD arrays are well suited to DOAS applications; 3) the generation of multiple simultaneous light beams from a single light source is complex and; 4) beam deflection works well in conjunction with long-path DOAS. Additional findings include: (i) LabVIEW was found to be well-suited to instrument control and data reduction; (ii) empirical SO2 calibration techniques were found to work well, but worked less well in the case of NO2; (iii) advanced data reduction techniques must be used where a number of species overlap in a particular spectral window but regions of reduced or negligible interference may be used with success; and (iv) the mean concentrations of SO2 were found to be in agreement with the typical values reported by recent EPA and City Council air quality monitoring studies. The mean concentration of NO2 was found to be approximately five times greater than that of SO2 and greater than the recommended EU limits."
A Toolkit For Xml-based And Process-oriented Application Integration
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Münch Volker
Published: June 2024

Systems integration is hard work; different architectures with different interfaces and an innumerable amount of Legacy applications with non-standard interfaces exist. However the needs to meet changing business requirements and to implement faster and optimised procedures within an enterprise and in cooperation with other external enterprises mean that there is a continuing demand for such integration strategies and products. Integration was often an activity separate from system development and could not be accomplished without re-involving system designers and developers. Such a process is therefore inefficient and costly. This thesis proposes a process-oriented integration strategy that combines the tasks of integration and business process modelling. This approach means that systems can be integrated without conventional programming and without changing the systems involved. Systems specialists are not required, which results in quicker and more cost-effective systems integration. As proof of concept a set of tools is built that can be used to integrate systems without considering technical details. Access to all component systems is possible using a uniform format. The tool kit can be used mainly in the area of Web Services, but other architectures and application systems can also be supported by using appropriate adapters, examples of which are included. The toolkit is tested in a product data management environment in a project that aims to connect two different server systems, SAP and a product data management system called OpenPDM.