bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genetic effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on callus induced from mature embryos of beans Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Shlahi Sattar A. , Al- Hattab Zahra N.
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG)on the chromosomes of callus induced from mature bean embryos, Harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with 0.2 or o.4 mM of the mutagen that mixed with different percentages of ethanol for 24 hrs. Calli were induced on MS medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/L from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Samples were pretreated with 1, 2- benzene dichloride, Para –dichlorobenzene, or Colchicine. Two different staining methods were used to stain the chromosomes from root tips and calli.The results showed that Para –dichlorobenzene is the best pretreatment for both root tips and callicells. However, the stain acetoorcein was the best for the root tips while Feulgen stain was the best for calli cells. Chromosome count showed that there were 22 chromosomes in all the cells of bean root tips (control). While a wide range of chromosome numbers were obtained from calli cells with or without mutagen treatment. Ninety six percent of the non treatedcalli gave the normal number of chromosomes while only 60% of calli treated with (0.4 mM+4% ethanol) gave the normal number of chromosomes. Calli cells from all the treatments showed chromosome multiplication except in the presence of ethanol.
Interaction Effect Between Glomus mosseae Fungus and Phosphate Rock In Phosporus Availability Increase and Growth of Wheat Plant
Authors: Jbbar Abdallah K. , سعد تركي مفتن
Published: November 2021

Pot factorial experiment was conducted,using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with silty loam soil in winter season of 2011-2012 in lath – house at the College of Agriculture University of AL-Muthanna to study the effect of mycorhiza fungus Glomus mosseae in phosphorus availability and growth of wheat plant. Three levels used of rock phosphate (0 , 60 , 120 kg P.hr-1 ) and inoculation of soil, and without inoculation by mycorrhiza by three replication. Results showed that the application of rock phosphate with mycorrhiza fungus caused significant increasing in height of the plant, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and available phosphorus in soil to two growth period where increase percent which was 22.16 , 16.94% to height of plant and 28.68 , 58.46% to shoot dry matter and 24.39, 34.26% to available phosphorus in soil to first and second growth period succession compared with control treatment.
Study the association of testosterone levels with insulin resistance in Iraqi men with Diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Alhammer Ali Haider
Published: November 2021

This study was set to evaluate the testosterone serum levels and their association with insulin resistance to uncover if any related possible negative consequences in Iraqi patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM). Sixty six men with type 2 DM were randomly selected and compared to 18 healthy volunteers, demographic data were collected in addition to 10 ml of venous blood was drawn to evaluate serum levels of total Testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), c-peptide, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), lipid profile, and blood sugar. The mean serum level of total testosterone was 2.434 ± 0.12 ng/ml in diabetic patients and 3.62 ± 0.32 ng/ml in non-diabetic subjects which was significantly different (p=0.003). The mean value of free serum level of testosterone was significantly higher in non-diabetic group (14.71 ± 1.4 pg/ml) in comparison with diabetic group (10.71 ± 0.54 pg/ml; p=0.017). Total testosterone correlates positively with FT and SHBG, while negatively with c-peptide, age and Body mass index (BMI). It’s concluded that total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were significantly lower in diabetic group which strongly associated with insulin resistance.
Down Syndrome Mosaism in Samples of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Almukhtar Asma A. Almukhtar , Ali Amal M. Ali , Yaseen Nahi Y.Yaseen , Mahdi Ahmed Mahdi , Thaer Noor Thaer , Abd Fattimah Abd , Abdalrahman Shaeima Abdalrahman , Saad Zainab Saad
Published: November 2021

The Down syndrome (DS) is the well-known trisomy, which is caused by additional copy ofchromosome 21.There are three types of DS. First, fully trisomy (47,XY,+21or 47,XX,+21).Second, translocation DS which result as translocation between chromosome 14 and21(46,XY,trans (14:21) or (46,XX,trans (14:21)). And the third type the mosaic DS that two celllines present in the individual. Mostly, studies indicate that frequency of each type 95%, 4% and1% respectively. Our study aims to estimate the frequency of each of the three types of DSchromosomal abnormalities in Iraqi samples. Chromosomal analysis using G-band technique wasperformed for 200 Down syndrome cases and 168 of their parents (whenever there were mosaicDS cases their parents were submitted chromosomal analysis). Fifty-seven percentage of caseswere fully Trisomy, forty-three percentage of them were mosaic DS, and no translocation patternwas recorded. The maternal ages were between 25-45 for the mosaic DS mothers. According tothis study, the frequency of mosaic DS was varied. It seems more investigations need to be donefor larger number of DS, and the impact of environmental changes in last decades need to bestudied more to be sure of its role in increasing of the proportion of this type of Down syndrome.
Cytotoxic Effect of Gliotoxin, Hemolysin, Protease and Melanin purified from Aspergillus fumigates on REF Cell Line, in vitro Study
Authors: Theeb Batool Omran Theeb , Mohammad Farooq Ibrahem Mohammad , Hashim Abdulkareem Jasim Hashim
Published: November 2021

Aspergillus fumigates especially clinical isolate produces a series of toxic substances and proteinaceous hemolysin, protease and pigment like melanin which appear to act in an additive and synergic way on cells. In this study, gliotoxin, hemolysin, Protease, and Melanin were used in an experimental model to study their Cytotoxic activity by evaluating their effect on REF cell line (Rat embryonic fibroblast ), for exposure time of 24 hrs at three different concentrations of each compounds triplicate of each concentration were used, cytotoxicity of the purified compounds were active against REF cell line under study and a toxic effect was clear with a significant difference at the level of probability (p≤ 0.05) and this effect was contrasted among different concentrations for each purified compound growth inhibition of REF cell line was increase gradually with the increase of compound concentration.
الكشف والتشخيص عن الطحالب الخضر المزرقة المنتجة للسموم في مياه الشرب لاسالة الرشيد في مدينةبغداد
Authors: Al- Hussieny Ahmed Aidan , Ghalib Mohammed Bassil Ali , Lafta Haider Y. , Abdulsalam Adawiya
Published: November 2021

شخصت الطحالب في الحوض النهائي لحوض اسالة شرب لمحطة الرشيد الواقعى على نهر دجلة بجانب الرصافة في بغداد .تبين تواجد الطحالب الخضر المزرقة الملفتة للنظر ومن خلال الفحص الحيوي لعد الكتلة الحية للطحالب المنتجة للسموم التابعه لشعبة الطحالب الخضر المزرقة وعلى طول فصول السنةوبكمية عالية الازدهار الحيوي اذ بلغت اداد الطحالب 1040000و4064و2844 و3497خلية في اللتر خلال فصل الصيف والربيع والشتاء والخريف على التوالي في الحوض النهائي لمياه الشرب متمثلة بالطحالب الهائمة وهي المسوؤلة عن افراز السموم الطحلبية بينما الطحالب الملتصقة سادت اكثر من الهائمة والذي ساعد الطحالب على الازدهار بهذه الكمية هو تراكيز المغذيات النباتية متمثلة بالنترات والنتريت والامونيا والفسفور بتركيز 3،01 و1،02 و1،4و0،6 ملغم /لتر خلال فصل الصيف و  , وبعض العناصر المغذية الاخرى مثل الكالسيوم والكبريت والالمنيوم علما ان كل من الكالسيوم والامونيا والعكورة والتوصيلة الكهربائية هي اعلى من الحدود المسموح بها لمياه الشرب العراقية
Effect of Contraceptive Pills, Fungal Alkaloids and Wild Carrot Seeds Oil on Apoptosis in Albino Female Mice Lymphocytes
Authors: Shalish Worood K. , Nada Saad M. , Yahya Abdalgani I.
Published: November 2021

This study compared three types of contraceptives agents by measuring the percentage of programmedcell death (apoptosis). Anti-fertility agents included contraceptive pills (Yasmin), fungal alkaloids(Cafergot) and the oil extract of the wild carrot seeds Daucus carota. Comparison process depended onthe evaluation of apoptosis percentage in mice lymphocytes, that treated orally for five successive dayswith the contraceptive agents by using the concentration of (60 µg/kg) of Yasmin pills, (20 µg/kg) ofCafergot and (0.1 ml) of wild carrot seeds oil. These were compared with the negative and positive controlmethotrexate (MTX) (50µg/kg). Results showed that the percentage of apoptosis by using wild carrotseeds oil was 0% which was the least in comparison to contraceptives and equal to the negative control0%. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the percentage of apoptotic cells withCafergot treatment 0.1% in comparison with the negative control, while Yasmin pills treatment led to asignificant increases (P≤0.05) in apoptosis percentage to 0.6% in comparing to negative control. Thisresponse also significantly increased (P≤0.05) in MTX treatment reaching 1.8%. As conclusion the resultsof this work showed that, the oral contraceptive pills (Yasmin) was the most inducing contraceptive drugsto apoptosis, while Cafergot and wild carrot seeds oil were the least effective in comparison to thenegative and positive control.
PCR Detection of Some ESBLs (bla) Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn’s Units in Bagdad Hospitals
Authors: . AL-Kaisse Asmaa A. , AL-Thwani Amina N. , AL-Segar Rabab Q.
Published: November 2021

Multi drug resistant (MDR) and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBLs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosawere detected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium responsible for severe infections in burn’s units,plasmid DNA analysis and encoded many types of genes responsible for beta-lactamases. To determine thetype of genes responsible for beta-lactam broad spectrum in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from 100 swabsof burn’s units environment, using a molecular methods (PCR) by primers specific to ESBLs (bla ) genesoxacillin hydrolyzing capabilities OXA-10, OXA-4 and Vietnam Extended-Spectrum β-Lactame VEB-1.The results revealed that 15 strains were isolated from burn units environment. All of 15 (100%) werepositive OXA-10 and only one (6.6%) for OXA-4 while the other gene VEB-1 was found in 6 (40%) isolates.تم
Study the Relationship Between Obesity and Fertility in Diabetic Iraqi Men
Authors: Al-Aridhi Dunia Tahseen Nema , Al-Ahmed Hazim I.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and fertility in Iraqidiabetic men whose body mass index (BMI) more than 25Kg/m2, and compare the results with controlgroup corresponding age and BMI. Forty samples of men semen's were divided into two groups with andwithout diabetes and each group subdivided into two subgroups according to BMI. The parameters thatmeasured in this study are( glucose, insulin and lipid profile in fasting state) also (testosterone, prolactin,alkaline phosphatase) were measured for each of four subgroups [controls(I, II) and diabetes(III, IV)].Semen's analysis included (sperm concentration in ml, total count per ejaculate and viability). In diabeticsubgroup (III) the mean levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides weresignificantly elevated, while significantly decrease in testosterone, prolactin, high density lipoproteinscholesterol, alkaline phosphatase and total sperm count but there were no significant difference in totalcholesterol, the sperm concentration and viability as compared with control subgroup(I). In diabeticsubgroup (IV) the mean levels of fasting blood (glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides) weresignificantly elevated, while significantly decrease in (testosterone, prolactin, high density lipoproteinscholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, sperm concentration, viability and total sperm count) but there were nosignificant difference in fasting (insulin and high density lipoproteins- cholesterol) as compared withcontrol subgroup(II). In diabetic subgroup(III) the mean of BMI and the mean levels of fasting blood(glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides) significantly elevated, while there were significantly decreasein(testosterone, alkaline phosphatase, sperm concentration, viability and total sperm count but there wereno significant difference in fasting (insulin, high density lipoproteins- cholesterol) and prolactin, ascompared with diabetic subgroup(IV). For all the above biochemical parameters investigated we canconclude that there is inverse- relationship between obesity and fertility which increase in the presence ofdiabetes.
Inactivation of Staphylococcal Virulence Factors Using a Diode Laser light-Activated Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Ali Norrya A. , Ismael Dheyaa Khaleel , Rasheed Rafeef Yousif
Published: November 2021

Total of 120 samples were collected from different body sites and lesions for patients from bothsexes. There were 78 isolates (65%) Staphylococcus aureus from them 37 isolates were Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Each isolate was exposed to diode laser 632nmwavelength with 300µM of methylene blue (MB) at 458.6 watt/cm2for 15 minutes, bothphenotypic and genotypic changes in virulence factors and the antibiotic-resistance wereevaluated before and after irradiation with laser light. It was observed that the effect of sub-lethaldose on the antibiotic sensitivity was isolate-dependent. In general, results showed large variationsin the susceptibility of antibiotic. Exposure to diode laser increased resistance to Vancomycin, incontrast increased sensitivity to Methicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin. Also Results showeddecreases the activity of β-haemolysin, with 33 (90.3%) isolates of S. aureus in comparison to thecontrol as shown in blood agar method and haemolytic titration assay, but there was no effect onthermonuclease enzyme after irradiation. Detection of three genes represented in MRSA isolatesby a confirmatory test was carried out using PCR technique. The results of the PCR amplificationof mecA gene noted that it was present in 27(72.2%) S.aureus isolates and 14(83.3%) isolatesshowed reduction in β-toxin production after exposure to laser light, with no altered or deficiencyin thermonuclease gene (nuc).
Detection of Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgM Antibodies in Iraqi Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Al-Mossawei Muna Turkey , Rzooqi Wasan Hatem , Abdulrazzaq Safaa
Published: November 2021

This study is conducted to detect H. pylori IgG and IgM antibodies by different serologicaltechniques (Immunochromatography test for rapid H. pylori IgG antibodies detection andenzyme linked immunosorbant assay test for H. pylori IgM antibodies detection). One hundredand twenty five dyspeptic patients are subjected to esophageal gastroduodenoscopy at theEndoscopy Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 10/1/2013 to 8/1/2014. Venous bloodsamples are collected from each patient. This study recorded, (89%) sensitivity for each of IgMTest by ELISA kit and Rapid IgG Test by Immunochromatography kit, but Rapid IgG Test hasmore specificity (85.64%) than IgM Test (80.8%).The higher prevalence 31.2% of H. pylori IgMantibodies observed among age group (21-40) years, whereas the IgM showed a slight rise 2.4%from the (10-20) years age group as acute H. pylori infection, although statistically there is a nonsignificant (P ≥0.05) association between H. pylori IgM antibodies and gender, but the females(32%) were more affected than males (27.2%). Also recorded significant (P ≤0.05) associationbetween chronic H. pylori infection and gender (male 45% and female 55%), and highlysignificant association of blood groups phenotypes and Rh factor with H. pylori infectionrecorded by rapid IgG test (P ≤0.01), as the seropositivity of H. pylori according to rapid IgG testwas (35, 15, 0 and 50) % for (A, B, AB and O) patients respectively, and (85and 15) % for Rh+and Rh- patients, respectively.
تأثير التخديش الميكانيكي وحامض الجبرلين وفترات التبريد في انبات بذور البرتقال المحلي Citrus sinensis L
Authors: AL-Janabi Ali Saeed Atiyah , AL-Sagheer Sadeg Hameed Husain , Kshkool Hayder Rizeg Baekar
Published: November 2021

اجريت الدراسة في مشتل خاص  في محافظة النجف خلال الموسم الربيعي 2014. تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة تأثير استعمال المعاملات المختلفة من التخديش الميكانيكي وحامض الجبرلين والتبريد في انبات بذور البرتقال المحلي. اظهرت  النتائج ان التداخل بين المعاملات المختلفة كانت فعالة في تحسين انبات بذور البرتقال حيث اعطت معاملة الجبرلين 500 + تخديش +تبريد 48 ساعة تفوقاً معنوياً في نسبة انبات  البذور وسرعتها لخمسة فترات متتالية هي 40 ,50 , 60, 70 و 80 يوم من الزراعة بالمقارنة مع  معاملة المقارنة التي اعطت اقل المتوسطات في تلك الصفات. فيما كانت التداخلات بين المعاملات الثلاثية متفوقة معنوياً على المعاملات الفردية والثنائية في دليل معدل الانبات ومعامل سرعة الانبات ومتوسط زمن الانبات وتفوقت اغلب التداخلات الثلاثية على المعاملات الثنائية والفردية في معدل طول البادرات, سرعة استطالة البادرات, قطر البادرات, والوزن الطري والجاف للبادرات والنسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للبادرات  فيما تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500+تحديش +تبريد 48 ساعة على جمع معاملات التجربة في معدل طول الجذير اذ بلغ 24.51ملم . كما و تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500 + تخديش على جمع معاملات  التجربة في معدل قطر الجذير الذي بلغ 3.610ملم فيما كانت معاملة الجبرلين 250 +تخديش متفوقة في معدل الوزن الطري للجذير  اذ بلغ 0.4638ملغم بينما تفوقت معاملة الجبرلين 500+تبريد 36 ساعة في معدل الوزن الجاف و النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للجذيراذ بلغتا 0.3181ملغم و 80.02 % على التوالي
دور الكاينيتين والسماد المركب NPKZn في فعالية بعض مضادات الاكسدة لنبات الفلفل الحلو Capsicum annuum L. المعرض للاجهاد الملحي
Authors: Al-Saedi A.j. , Saeed S.A.
Published: November 2021

اجريت التجربة في البيت الزجاجي التابع  لقسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة/ ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد خلال موسم النمو 2014-2013 وذلك لدراسة تاثير الرش باربعة تراكيز من الكاينيتين  100,75,50,25 جزء في المليون فضلا عن معاملة السيطرة  وتاثير اضافة وعدم اضافة المستوى 160كغم.ﮪ-1 من سماد NPKZn تحت ظروف الملوحة 100,50 مليمول.لتر­¹فضلا عن معاملة السيطرة وتداخلهما في بعض مضادات الاكسدة الانزيمية وغير الانزيمية  في الجزء الخضري لنبات الفلفل الحلو. صممت التجربة ضمن تصميم القطاعات كاملة التعشية RCBD  وبثلاثة مكررات. اظهرت النتائج ان اضافة كلوريد الصوديوم سببت زيادة معنوية في معدلات الفعاليات النوعية للانزيمات (الاوكسيديز دسميوتيز والبيروكسيديز والكتليز) (وحدة.ملغم بروتين-1) وتركيز فيتامين C ومحتوى حامض البرولين ملغم.لتر-1 وMalondialdehyde   MDA (مايكرومول .غم وزن طري-1) في الجزء الخضري لنبات الفلفل مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة. وعلى العكس الرش الورقي بالكاينيتين واضافة السماد كل على انفراد او تداخلاتها ادى الى تقليل اثر كلوريد الصوديوم وانخفاض معنوي في معدلات الصفات اعلاه  مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة، مع تفوق التركيز 75جزء في المليون من الكاينيتين في إعطائه اقل المعدلات للصفات المدروسة. وتفوق المعاملة (المستوى 160كغم.ﮪ-1 من السمادو 75جزء في المليون من الكاينيتين) في إعطائه افضل المعدلات للصفات اعلاه.
تأثير التداخل بين التسميد بــ (NPKZn) والرش بالجبرلين في بعض الصفات النوعية والخبازية لثلاثة أصناف من القمح العراقي . L Triticum aestivum
Authors: Alsaeedy Abbas j. , Jaryan Abd aljabar
Published: November 2021

نفذت التجربة في  تربة مسيج الحديقة النباتية التابع لقسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد. خلال الموسم 2014-2013 لمعرفة تأثير اضافة التسميد للسماد المركب NPKZn والرش بأربعة تراكيز من الجبرلين ( 150,100,50,25) ملغم.لتر-1 مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة والتداخل بينهما في الصفات النوعية والخبازية  لثلاث اصناف من القمح العراقي ( بحوث 22, الفتح  و بحوث 158). أعدت التجربة ضمن تصميم القطاعات كاملة التعشية RCB، وبثلاثة مكررات. اظهرت  النتائج ان اضافة السماد ادى الى فروق معنوية في كل الصفات المدروسة, وان الرش بالتركيز 100 ملغم.لتر-1 جبرلين أعطى أعلى المتوسطات للصفات النوعية والريولوجية  ماعدا صفة قابلية امتصاص الطحين للماء, وكان للتداخل بين مستوى 160كغم .هـ-1  من السماد  والرش بالجبرلين فروق معنوية  لكل الصفات المدروسة  مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة لكل منها باستثناء نسبة الرماد للنخالة الخشنة.
Purification and Identification of Total Flavonoids Extracted from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Iraq
Authors: Khudaer Nuha B. , Hassn Zaynab Y. Muhammed , AL-Sammarrae Khlood W. , Ibraheem Nabeel K.
Published: November 2021

Moringa oleifera is an important medicinal plant, which contains a lot of bioactive compounds. The dried plant leaves were extracted in 70% methanol by maceration using shaker incubator at 40◦C. Chemical detection of bioactive compounds in crud plant extracts was performed. The total flavonoid was isolated from the extract using reflux, The use of thin layer chromatography technique that assisted  in the detection of Qurciten, Rutin and Luteoline of flavonoids isolated from the extract, the existence of qurciten and rutin confirmed by the use of high performance liquid chromatography technique.  The calculation of total flavonoid of M. oleifera leaf extracts by using Spectrophotometric technique was done.  The aglycon moiety was extracted by ethyl acetate, and then evaporated to dryness. The dried residue then redissolved in 50% ethanol.
Cytotoxic Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Morus nigra L. and Urtica urens L. Extract against the Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and Mouse L20B Cell Lines
Authors: Sidkey Ban Abdul Jabbar , Hassan Raghad Abdullah , Al-Shahwany Ayyad W.
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to study the cytotoxic effects of three Iraqi traditional medical plants extracts using tissue culture teqnique on the human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and mouse cell L20B cell lines. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root, Morus nigra L. and Urtica urens L. leaves were extracted using 99% ethanol solvent. Seven crude concentrations were prepared by serial dilution, with concentrations of 3.9, 7.81, 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/ml, respectively. These were added to the microtiter plate containing 1x105 cells/well and 200 µl of the medium. The seven concentrations were used in triplicate to investigate their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects. The analysis of chemical composition of these plant extracts were determined by fast liquid chromatography (FLC). The extract of Urtica urens L showed the highest potent cytotoxicity in the HepG2 and L20B cell lines, while both G. glabra L. and Morus nigra L. crude extracts showed the lowest cytotoxicity. All concentrations of crude extracts showed different cytotoxic activity in vitro.
تأثير حامض الاسكوربك في بعض صفات النمو لصنفين من الذرة الصفراء تحت الشد المائي
Authors: Abdel Adeem Muna , Ahmed Shatha A.H.
Published: November 2021

نفذت تجربة حقلية في الموسم الربيعي 2015 في حقل تجارب قسم علوم المحاصيل الحقلية – كلية الزراعة – جامعة بغداد بهدف دراسة تأثير أختلاف معاملات الري وتراكيز حامض الاسكوربك ASA)) في بعض صفات النمو المظهرية لصنفين من الذرة الصفراء(Zea mays L.). طبقت التجربة وفقا لتصميم الالواح المنشقة وبثلاث مكررات. ضمت الالواح الرئيسة معاملات الري وهي معاملة المقارنة (الري عند استنزاف %50 من الماء الجاهز) و 75 و %50 من كمية المياه لمعاملة المقارنة وضمت الالواح الثانوية معاملات عاملية حسب تصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة وهي تراكيز حامض 0)ASA و100 و200) جزء بالمليون و الصنفان (فجر و5018). اعطت معاملة الري 75% من معاملة (المقارنة) متوسط لوزن الجاف للجذر بلغ 39.11 غم.نبات1- والمساحة الورقية 4406 سم2 ودليل المساحة الورقية 3.15ومحتوى الكلورفيل44.23 مايكروغرام .غم1-والمادة الجافة عند 50% تزهير127.60 غم.نبات1- ولم تختلف هذة القيم معنويا عن معاملة الري (المقارنة) التي اعطت اعلى متوسط بلغ 41.22 غم.نبات1- و4753 سم2 و3.39و45.94 مايكرو غرام .غم1- و135.00 غم.نبات1- بالتتابع. اعطت معاملة الري 50% من معاملة المقارنة أقل متوسط للصفات المدروسة. تفوق التركيز 200 جزء بالمليون بزيادة متوسط ارتفاع النبات 178.65سم وقطر الساق 8.44 سم والمساحة الورقية 4203 سم2 ودليل المساحة الورقية 3.00 ومحتوى الكلورفيل 45.26 مايكرو غرام.غم1-والمادة الجافة 128.70 غم.نبات1-. في حين أعطى الصنف 5018 أعلى متوسط لارتفاع النبات والمساحة الورقية ودليلها ومحتوى الكلورفيل والوزن الجاف للنبات عند 50 % تزهير والوزن الجاف للجذر.وجد ان التداخل بين معاملات الري والصنفين كانت معنوية في صفة قطر الساق والمساحة الورقية ودليلها، اما التداخل بين معاملات الري وحامض ASA فكانت في صفة المساحة الورقية ودليلها. لذلك توصي بمعاملة نباتات الذرة الصفراء بحامض الاسكوربك ((ASA لتحسين مقدرتها على تحمل الشد المائي والري بمعدل 75% من حاجة الري الكامل (50% من الماء الجاهز) من دون تأثير في صفات النمو.
تأثير حامض الاسكوربك في الحاصل ومكوناته لصنفين من الذرة الصفراء تحت تأثير الشد المائي
Authors: Abduladeem Muna , Ahmed Shatha A.H.
Published: November 2021

نفذت تجربة حقلية في الموسم الربيعي 2015 لدراسة تأثير معاملات الري وتراكيز حامض الاسكوربيك(ASA)  في الحاصل ومكوناته لصنفين من الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays L.). طبقت التجربة وفقا لتصميم الالواح المنشقة (split complete block design) وبثلاث مكررات. ضمت الالواح الرئيسة معاملات الري وهي معاملة المقارنة، الري عند استنزاف %50 من الماء الجاهز و 75 و %50 من كمية المياه لمعاملة المقارنة وضمت الالواح الثانوية معاملات عاملية حسب تصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة وهي تراكيز حامض 0)ASA و100 و200) جزء بالمليون و صنفي الذرة (فجر و5018). اعطت معاملة الري 75% من معاملة (المقارنة) متوسط لطول العرنوص بلغ 18.54 سم وعدد صفوف في العرنوص 15.30 صف.عرنوص1- وعدد الحبوب في الصف 26.84 حبة.صف1- وعدد الحبوب في العرنوص 473.80 حبة.عرنوص1- و حاصل الحبوب 5.70 طن.ﮪ1- ولم تختلف هذة القيم معنويا عن معاملة الري (المقارنة) التي أعطت اعلى متوسط بلغ 19.08 سم و15.54صف.عرنوص1- و28.47 حبة.صف1- و509.80 حبة.عرنوص1- و5.64 طن.ﮪ1- بالتتابع. أعطت معاملة الري %50 من معاملة المقارنة أقل متوسط للصفات المدروسة. تفوق التركيز  200جزء بالمليون بزيادة متوسط عدد الصفوف في العرنوص 15.57صف.عرنوص1- وعدد الحبوب في الصف 27.69حبة.صف1- وعدد الحبوب في العرنوص 472.50 حبة.عرنوص1- وحاصل الحبوب  5.39طن.ﮪ1-.أعطى الصنف 5018 أعلى متوسط لطول العرنوص وحاصل الحبوب. وجد ان التداخل بين معاملات الري وحامض ASA كانت معنوية في صفة حاصل الحبوب. وكان هناك تداخل بين العوامل الثلاثة في صفة حاصل الحبوب فقط. لذلك توصي بمعاملة نباتات الذرة الصفراء بحامض الاسكوربك ((ASA عند تركيز  200جزء بالمليون لتحسين مقدرتها على تحمل الشد المائي والري بمعدل 75% من حاجة الري الكامل (50% من الماء الجاهز) من دون تأثير في صفات الحاصل ومكوناته.
عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis من الترب العراقية واستخدامها ضد يرقات حشرة عث التين (Welker)Ephestia cautella
Authors: ALKhafaji Khlood A. A. , Khleoy Samera Oda , Khleoy Samera Oda , M. Khamis H. , M. Safaa , S. Sabreen
Published: November 2021

تعد حشرة عثة التين (Welker) Ephestia cautella احدى اهم الحشرات المخزنية التي تصيب يرقاتها التمور المخزونة لذا هدف البحث الى عزل بكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis من الترب المحلية وتشخيصها وغربلة العزلات ذات الكفاءة في المقاومة الاحيائية من يرقات حشرة عثة التين.  عزلت 20 عزلة تعود الى جنس Bacillus  من يرقات حشرة عثة التين المعاملة بعالق سبورات التربة وشخصت 8 عزلات بانها تعود لبكتريا B. thuringiensis. وقد تبين انها منتجة لانزيمات البروتيز واللايبيز والجيلاتينيز والهيمولايسين وتتميز بقابليتها على تكوين الاغشية الحيوية وان 7 من العزلات المحلية تقاوم المضاد الحيوي البنسلين واظهرت عزلة واحدة مقاومة المضاد الحيوي الكلورامفينكول واظهرت بقية العزلات حساسية تجاه الكلورامفينكول والتتراسايكلين والنالديكسيك اسيد والاينوكسين. بينت غربلة عزلات B. thuringiensis تفاوت في نسب قتل يرقات حشرة عث التين حيث اعطت العزلة المحلية B. thuringiensis KS3 نسبة قتل تصل الى 80 % من يرقات الحشرة مع اسودادها نتيجة فعالية السم البكتيري. وتبين ان التركيز القاتل النصفي هو 3.7 ملغم مل-1 مقارنة مع 4.6 ملغم مل-1 للعزلة التجارية كما اوضح نمط الترحيل الكهربائي بهلام متعدد الاكريل امايد بوجود SDS نمطا من البروتينات مشابه لنمط بروتينات العزلة التجارية.
Utilization of UV Rays to Induce Resistance against Fusarium solani Wilt Disease in Potato Plants
Authors: Hasoon Ban , AL-Salihy Ali A. , Aboud Hadi
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to induce resistance against Fusarium solani wilt disease in potato plants by utilization of UV rays. Results showed that the use of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 254 nanometers to irradiate potato, category Bellini, produced (In vitro) at different periods 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds resistance against the infection with Fusarium solani, which cause a Fusaristic disease of potato after conducting the artificial infection of the radiated and non – radiated plants after being adapted and transferred into the soil. The results also showed , after the passage of  7 days of artificial infection, that the radiation dose which is used for 90 second gave the highest rate of resistance against the disease depending on calculating the disease development rate (r), which gave the less value which is about 0.189 in comparison with the other time periods exposure. The results also showed the enzyme Phenylalanine Ammonia Layse (PAL)plant at duration of exposure to 90 second gave the highest concentration of  the enzyme (PAL) reached T 44.4 units/ ml while the rate of the control reached to (38.5 unit/ ml) after seven days of contaminating with fungus pathogen.
دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لدودة ورق القطن Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae
Authors: صادق Feryal , الحلفي حسام
Published: November 2021

تعد حشرة ورق القطن Sopdoptera littoralis (Biosd ) من الحشرات الاقتصادية المهمة التي تسبب ضرراً لمحاصيل العائلة الباذنجانية في العراق في الآونة الأخيره إذ تهاجم البادرات, الأوراق, الأزهار والثمار وبالتالي تسبب خسائر إقتصادية في الانتاج  درست دورة حياة الحشره تحت أربع درجات حرارية مختلفة هي 15,20,25,30م  أوضحت نتائج التجارب المختبرية ان معدلات التطور لمختلف مراحل حياة الحشرة  تتناسب عكسياً مع درجة الحرارة. سجل أعلى معدل لمدة تطور البيض, الدور اليرقي،  ما قبل العذراء, الدور العذري, مدة دورة الحياة إذ بلغت 10.67, 34.16 ,4.0,22,3 و71.13 يوماً على التوالي عند درجة 20مͦ فيما كانت اقل معدل  لمدة تطور البيض , الدور اليرقي. الدور ما قبل العذراء, الدور العذري والمده من البيضة الى البالغة عند درجة حرارة 30مͦ  اذ بلغت  3.2 , 15.56 ,1.1 ,8.36 و 28.22  يوماً على التوالي, استبعدت درجة حراره 15م  لعدم حصول نمو وتطور  لليرقة.
Immunological, Cytogenetic and Hepatoprotective Effect of Viola odorata Methanolic Extract on Methotrexate Induced Albino Male Mice
Authors: Mohammed Ruqaya
Published: November 2021

Pants used in traditional medicine contain a vast array of substances that can be used to treat chronic and infectious diseases. One of these medical plant Viola odorata which a popularly known as “Banafshah” and sweet violet in Asia and Europe respectively. It is found in high altitudes of Himalyas, Europe and throughout North America. The study was designed to assess immunological (total and differential count of white blood cells), cytogenetic (micronucleus formation) and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Viola odorata by using two doses 100 and 200mg/kg. In addition, these effects were assessed after an interaction between the two doses of the plant and methtrexte drug. Results:The results of this study indicated that Viola odorata  had the ability to enhance immunity and reduced the frequency of micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells in addition to its hepatoprotective activity. Alternatively, the plant was able to counteract the damage induced by methotrexate 40 mg\kg.
Effect of Different Cell Suspension Culture Densities of Physalis angulata L. by Using Plating or Embedding Methods on the Callus Formation
Authors: Al-Mahdawe Muthana Muhamad , Ahmed Talfan Anad , Nadir Dhuha Sabah
Published: November 2021

The study was successful in establishing cell suspensions cultures derived from the hypocotyl callus of the plant Physalis angulata L. induced in the solid MS medium supplemented with the concentration of 3.0 mg. L-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) plus 0.5 mg. L-1  Kinetin(Kin). The culture of the suspensions by different densities (12.36, 13.70, 14.75, 15.98)× 105 cell.cm3 using the plating  and   embedding methods by agar layer in the solid Murashige and Skoog  medium (MS) enriched with the same callus induction concentrations, showed that the plating method exceed the embedding method in the number of cellular colonies which reached the average of 79.4 and 15.0 colony.dish-1 at the culturing density of 15.98 × 105 cell.cm3, these values were declined with the primary density to reach the average of 14.0 and 11.4 colony.dish-1 by both the plating and the embedding methods respectively, the high density significantly exceed all the rest densities and gave rate of callus primordia of 56.6 primordia.dish-1 after 28 days from the day of culturing the suspended cells by plating method, and reached 9.8 primordia.dish-1 after 33 days from the day of culturing of the suspended cells by using the embedding method, the transfer of the callus primordia to the MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg. L-1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg. L-1 Kin, led to the growth of callus segments and their differentiation to the somatic embryos and their development through all their stages until reaching the shoot formation.
Morphological and Physiological Response of Potato for Radiation and Salt Stress in vitro
Authors: AL-Hussaini Zainab Abduljabbar Hussain , Mutlag Lameea , Mutlag Lameea , Yousif Shatha A. , Saeed Tagreed Abduljabar
Published: November 2021

The experiments were undertaken to study the response and behavior of two mutant clones of Potato genotype for salt stress by exposing it to different salt levels of sodium chloride (with electrical conductivity of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1) and compare with those in the control treatment 6 dS m-1. The morphological response was determined by measuring the morphological characteristics of vegetation, root growth, tuber formation. While the physiological response was determined by estimating some ions in the vegetative and root growth. The results showed a significant decrease in the morphological characteristics of the vegetative growth (number of shoots, plant height and dry weight) and tuber formation by increasing salt levels, while the characteristics of the root growth (number of roots, lengths and dry weight) were not affected. There is no significant difference in the behavior of the two clones under saline levels, except for the superiority of vegetative clone (C2) at comparison treatment in the number of shoots (2.00 shoot / plant), and vegetative clone (C1) at comparison treatment and 12 ds m-1 in the shoot length and the percentage of tuber formation (13.40 cm and 100% Respectively). The results also recorded that the root growth of vegetative clone (C2) was a significant accumulation of Na+ and Ca++  at 12 dS m-1 which reached 8.33 and 23.38 mg-1 gm dry weight, respectively, while the accumulation of  K+ in vegetative clone (C1) was increased by the root growth in the control  treatment which  reached 45.03 mg -1 gm dry weight.
Introducing Soybean Oil in Semen Extenders of Awassi Rams
Authors: Al-biaty Nameer , Abed Safaa , Alobaidi Hazim J. , Almaliki Safaa , Kareem Abbas F , Mukhlif Mohammed
Published: November 2021

The aims of the study was to investigate the possibility of using an plant lecithin; commercial soybean oil (SO) directly in the components of semen extenders of Awassi rams, storage of semen in chilled technique and the effects of dilution, cooling and storage periods on semen quality. Semen was collected weekly from four Awassi rams by electro- ejaculator. Pooled samples were divided to six equal aliquots and diluted by Citrate egg yolk extender at 37˚C. Treatments were designed on the base of control extender containing 25% egg yolk and four treatments containing different addition of SO (12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50%) and combination treatment of 12.5% egg yolk + 12.5% SO. Treatment tubes were cooled to 5˚C and stored for three days. Semen was evaluated as raw, diluted, cooled and after storage in refrigerator (5˚C) for 1, 2 and 3 consecutive days. Results showed that there were no significant differences among all treatments in progressive motility, dead sperm %, abnormal sperm % and acrosome defect %, while pH were found to be significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) in control group. Significant effects of dilution, cooling, and storage period have been demonstrated with steadily significant deterioration (p≤ 0.05) for all studied characteristics when motility and pH declined while sperm abnormality, dead, and acrosome defect percentages increased. The results clearly indicated successful of using different levels of SO (plant source) as lecithin source instead of egg yolk (animal source of lecithin) without any impacts on the biological characteristics of Awassi ram semen and the process of dilution, cooling and storage periods have deterioration effects on semen quality.
Leishmanicidal activity of Artemisinin against cutaneous Leishmaniasis, in Vitro
Authors: Hassan Guffran M. , Ali Hayder Z.
Published: November 2021

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease in tropical countries, including Iraq. Several studies have sought to examine chemotherapies for leishmaniasis treatment but most of them are of toxic and/or undesirable side effect, therefore, the need for investigating new fewer toxic therapies is essential.

Aim of study: In this study, the cytotoxic effect of Artemisinin (ART), a novel herbal compound, was screened against the two forms, promastigotes and amastigotes, of the Iraqi isolate of Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of Baghdad boil.

Material and methods:  Different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.6 and 7.8) µM of Artemisinin were screened to investigate the leishmanicidal activity of the herbal compound against the two forms of the parasite along three times of follow up (24, 48, 72) hour using MTT cytotoxicity assay.

Results: The results showed that growth rate and cell viability were significantly decreased at all studied concentrations. The IC50 was measured after 72 hours of follow up and was 2.625 µM and 2.636 µM for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively.

Conclusion: These findings approved the leishmanicidal efficacy of Artemisinin against the of L. tropica and can be further studied to screen its effectiveness in vivo for exploring a safer herbal drug for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Molecular evaluation of salt tolerance induced by sodium azide in immature embryos of two wheat cultivars
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed A. , Al-falahi Ayoob , Hamedullah Majeed S. , Al-Hattab Zahraa N.
Published: November 2021

Background: The artificial induction of mutations represents an efficient tool in creating genetic variations. For this reason, the current study was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory/Genetic Engineering Institute to induce genetic diversity for salt tolerance in two local cultivars of bread wheat (Al-Iraq and Tamooz 2) using in vitro application of sodium azide (SA).

Objective: Immature seeds from both cultivars subjected to 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Mm of SA to determine the optimal concentration for developing novel mutants.

Materials and methods: The optimal dose of SA mutagen was found to be 2.0 mM, resulting in a 42% reduction in callus fresh and dry weight. The developed callus was subjected to five different salinity levels using NaCl (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS m-1).

Results: Mutants showed a significant decrease in the percentage of regenerated plants under salinity stress conditions. The used SSR markers approved the genetic diversity between the original and the mutants of the two cultivars (Al-Iraq and Tamooz 2) growing under normal and salinity stress. The presences and the absence of some fragments was prominent in plants derived from immature embryos of the two cultivars tested in salinity conditions. The used SSR markers (cfd 9, cfd4, cfd1 wmc405, PYL5, HKT1, HVA1 and htk1) were so efficient in distinguishing between the original and tissue culture-derived plants. Furthermore, the experienced SA levels induced a higher rate of mutant alleles in cv.

Conclusion: Al-Iraq with 19 mutant alleles than Tamooz 2 which showed only 13 mutant alleles. The current study represents an additional prove to the effectiveness of mutagens and tissue culture technique in developing novel variants with improved performance under stress conditions.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cyproterone acetate against cancer cells and normal cells
Authors: Al-Saily Hala M. , Al-Halbosiy Mohammad , Al-Hady Faris N.
Published: November 2021

Back ground: Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroidal anti-androgen inhibits the testosterone  and  DHT action it is used as a medicine for prostate cancer by association with the androgen receptors located on the surface of prostate cells, thus preventing the association of testosterone with receptors.

Objective: Investigation of the anticancer activities of Cyproterone acetate   against cancer cell lines testicular (Tera-1), macrophage (RAW 264.7)  in comparison to non- tumorigenic fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68).

Material and method: The cytotoxic effect of CPA was investigated according to selected parameters including: MTT assay as assay of cell function to determined cell viability, high content screening (HCS) technique for the apoptosis of cell. Only the most cytotoxic concentration of CPA and the most sensitive cells  as assayed by MTT was selected to complete the other test: (HCS). (MTT) assay was carried out at the Centre of Biotechnology Research’s, Al- NahrainUniversityBaghdad,Iraq . The HCS assay was performed at the Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, KualaLumpur, Malaysia

Results: The most significant cytotoxic effect of Cyproterone acetate towards 2 cancer cell lines was obtained when its concentration was 1.25mg/mL. The Tera-1 Cells were more sensitive to Cyproterone acetate compared with RAW264.7  and  WRL-68. cells. There was a significant decrease  in valid cell count, nuclear intensity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) when CPA (400 μg/mL)was used compared with doxorubicin (20 μg/mL) as a standard. Also, there was a significant increase in membrane permeability and cytochrome C releasing when CPA (400μg/ml) was used compared with positive control.

Conclusion: CPA showed cytotoxic effects against the Tera-1 and RAW264.7  cancer cell lines while the WRL-68. Cells was not affected as determined in-vitro by the MTT assay. The HCStechnique also showed toxic effect towards Tera-1.
The clinical aspect of overweight on rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity
Authors: Ahmed Haitham , Al-Sadoon Tagreed A. , Khudhair Khudhair A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: To investigate the influence of obesity on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to determine a probable connection with the acute phase response.                                          Materials and methods: The recruited patients satisfied the criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). To evaluate the body mass index (BMI), anthropometric tests were carried out at the Rheumatology Department at Baquba Teaching Hospital, which has a consultation unit. The serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were measured from blood samples taken through the particle-enhanced (latex) immunonephelometry assays on the genius analyser (CO, Ltd. China) and test kits from IMTEC-CCP-Antibodies. RF screen and serological tests (latex) were carried out to determine the C-reactive protein (CRP), measure Hb and the total WBCs count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also carried out.                                                                                                                                                                        Results: The current study findings from the sample of RA patients showed that the proportion of patients falling into the overweight classification (BMI 25-29) was 80.6% while the obese classification (BMI 30-35) was 33.33%. Among the RF and ACCP-positive cases, a marginally stronger relationship between the development of RA and the history of obesity was found. Additionally, a significant correlation between acute phase response and free mass was found in RA patients (anti-CCP p-value≤ 0.00021 ESR p≤ 0.00072 Hb p≤ 0.00054, and W.B.C p =≤ 0.000.94, CRP p≤1).                                                                                                     Conclusion: The present study’s findings show an elevated prevalence of high body mass among the RA patients. Furthermore, a linear association existed between the fat free mass and the acute phase response.
Comparison of the possible side effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on renal function in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Abdulbari Mohammed A.
Published: November 2021

Background: Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are two main immunosuppressants of kidney transplant patients and are commonly used in hospitals with renal transplantation.

Aim of the study:  The goal of this study is to demonstrate potential harmful effects, not only from kidney failure as a disease, but also the use of immunosuppressants before and after renal transplants.

Materials and Methods: An analysis of  tacrolimus or cyclosporine immunosuppressive  regimes has been conducted in Baghdad hospital using data from patients  with kidney transplants. The study excluded patients who received other types of immune suppressant drugs, and those who switched from cyclosporine to tacrolimus.

Conclusion: Effectiveness and side effects should be tested in kidney transplantation patients with cyclosporin and tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive medications, tacrolimus treated patient has shown an increase in glucose level and decrease in WBC , hemoglobin and calcium level in comparing to cyclosporine treated group.

 

This finding may allow scientists and physicians to make a better choice between immunosuppressive drugs according to the patient's medical condition.
Study The Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Lepidium draba on Some Skin Infectious Agents
Authors: Najim Rayhana Saad , Hasan Zainab Yaseen M. , Al-Chalabi Rawaa
Published: November 2021

Background: medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals, which represent the richest bioresource of drugs are used against various diseases.

Objective: The present study included an in-vitro antimicrobial investigation for one of wild Iraqi plant Lepidium draba on some skin infectious agents.

Methods: The fresh aerial plant parts were macerated in 80% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical general test to investigate the plant active contents. Totat flavonoids were isolated through plant reflex in acidic aqeous solution to obtain the aglycone flavonoids using ethylacetate as an organic solvent. Qualification and quantification of the isolated total flavonoids were done in coressponding to standard s flavonoids. An antimicrobial activity for the crud ethanolic extract and the isolated total flavonoids had been carried out on some skin infectous agents using the following strain: Staph aureus, Pseudomoneus aerogenosa  and Candida albicans.

Results: the outcome showed that the plant contain major active constituent included flavonoids Tannins, polysaccharides, alkaloids,saponines and Polyphenolic compounds.The plant contains many types of flavonoids including Rutin, Qurecetin, Kampferol and Luteolin, and each 100 g fresh aerial parts will contain 28 mg total flavonoids. The amount of each type of flavonoids were detected by HPLC technique. the extracted flavonoids at concentation of 4mg/ml showed potent effect upon the gram bacteria  negative pseudomonas aeruginosa  which is known to be more virulence than the gram positive strains but has no effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Also the extracted flavonoids appeared to be  affected against  the Candida albicans growth.

Conclusion: the ethanolic extractv of  locally plant L.draba is effecient to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and decrease the chances of skin infection  that provided the justification for therapeutic potential as supplementary or alternative medicine.