bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cancer Patients
Authors: Suryanarayan Deepa , Lee Agnes Y Y , Wu Cynthia
Published: August 2019

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a common occurrence in the journey of a cancer patient and its management poses significant challenges. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the standard of care but the high cost and the inconvenience of daily injections have led to low persistence with therapy. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective and safe for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy in noncancer patients, and emerging data comparing their use with LMWH in CAT are rapidly changing clinical practice. Recent randomized controlled trials also reported that specific DOACs are effective for primary prevention of CAT in patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy, but this benefit might be offset by an increased risk of bleeding. Undoubtedly, the option of an effective and safe oral anticoagulant is appealing to physicians and patients but critical limitations of DOACs, particularly bleeding and drug-drug interaction, need careful consideration. Understanding the scientific data, as well as each patient's preferences and values, are paramount in individualizing therapy in this special population of patients. This review summarizes the current evidence for DOACs for the treatment and prevention of CAT, discusses the importance of careful patient selection, and highlights upcoming new studies that will inform guideline recommendations.
Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Donkey Carpus
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A.M. , El-Kammar Mahmoud H. , Nouh Samir R. , Abou-Ahmed Howaida M. , Perez William , Vazquez Noelia , Swidan Dina
Published: August 2019

Introduction Joint diseases represent most of the musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to make a radiographic and computed tomographic analysis of the structures of the donkey carpus and investigate carpal joint affections.

Materials and Methods The study was performed with the use of cross-sectional anatomy, digital X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans. Twelve adult donkeys were used.

Results The results provide a full description of the bones and soft tissues of the carpus. The carpal joint was examined at many levels using different CT and X-ray planes. The carpus was studied through bone and soft-tissue windows that were compared with cadaver cross-sections for interpretation. The study revealed some joint affections that were detected by the CT scans but were unapparent in X-ray films, such as bony cysts, hemorrhagic bony cysts, old and microfractures, and bony sclerosis. Some normal anatomic variants were recorded during the examination of the CT scans to assist the equine practitioners that deal with the carpal joints of donkeys.

Conclusion Both imaging techniques are suitable for the examination of the carpus, and the selection of the technique is conditioned to many factors, like the type of tissue affected and economic reasons, such as the availability of the apparatus and the cost of the animal.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Single Center Experience
Authors: König Marton , Osnes Terje , Bratland Åse , Meling Torstein R.
Published: August 2019

Objective Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the paranasal sinuses is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, making curative therapy difficult. The goal of this study was to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with SCC treated at our institution.

Methods In a population-based consecutive prospective cohort, we conducted an analysis of all patients treated for SCC between 1988 and 2017.

Results A total of 72 patients were included, follow-up was 100%. Mean follow-up was 57 months for the entire cohort, and 108 months for patients with no evidence of disease. Eighty-two percent of all patients had high-stage (T4) disease. Fifty-seven patients underwent treatment with curative intent; consisting of surgery with or without oncologic treatment in 34, and of oncologic treatment only in 23 cases. Fifteen patients received palliative treatment. The rates of overall survival for the entire cohort were 55% at 2, 41% at 5, and 32% at 10 years, and corresponding disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 55, 45, and 34%, respectively. DSS rates after surgical treatment with curative intent were 81% at 2, 65% at 5, and 54% at 10 years. Retromaxillary involvement and nonradical surgery were negative prognostic factors. Best survival was achieved with the combination of radical surgery and adjuvant oncologic treatment.

Conclusion Surgical resection with a curative intent yielded 65% at 5-year DSS even in this cohort of patients with high-stage SCC and is still considered as the treatment of choice, preferably in combination with adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Development of hydraulic cross floating valve
Authors: Rab Shanay , Yadav Sanjay , Sharma R. K. , Kumar Lalit , Gupta V. K. , Zafer Afaqul , Haleem Abid
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the design, simulation, development, and analysis of a Cross Floating Valve (CFV), an important instrument used in a cross float or pressure calibration system of pressure balances (PBs) to make the calibration process easy and time efficient. The design aspects of the CFV include the selection of proper materials and modeling of various necessary components of the CFV. For the piston design, 5 different materials, SS304, SS316, Aermet 340, SS440C, and AISI17-4PH were used. After the design, simulation studies were carried out using the ANSYS (Workbench R15.0) software to understand the behavior of stress, strain, and deformation. Out of the 5 materials thus used, the values of the factor of safety of 2 materials (SS304 and SS316) were found to be below expectations and hence were not used in the fabrication process. Among the rest of the 3 other materials (AISI17-4PH, SS440C, and Aermet 340) having a factor of safety within the expected limits, Aermet 340 was also ignored because of its high cost. Finally, AISI17-4PH and SS440C were used to fabricate the piston, the most important and critical component of the CFV. The final CFV thus developed was tested for its performance in the cross floating experiments with 2 different sets of PBs. The results thus obtained show that the use of CFV reduces the calibration time considerably which is approximately 30% (average time of increasing and decreasing orders of pressure) from the time taken in performing calibration without using CFV, which is a significant achievement.
Behavior of a liquid drop in a rounded corner: Different contact angles
Authors: Han Zhiyi , Duan Li , Kang Qi
Published: August 2019

The Concus-Finn condition, based on the local microscopic contact angle, can be used to predict discontinuous behavior of a liquid drop in an ideally sharp corner. However, since ideally sharp corners do not exist in reality, it is important to understand the effect of rounded corners on the behavior of liquid drops. In this paper, we use theoretical calculations to study the behavior of two-dimensional liquid drops in rounded corners, including the case in which the contact angles on the two sides of the corner may differ. A new discontinuous behavior was discovered in our study, which is different from the case in sharp corners. Comparing the situation in sharp corners, our study shows that the behavior of a drop in a rounded corner depends on the dimensionless volume of the drop, in addition to its dependence on the opening angle and contact angles that is covered by the Concus-Finn condition. We also use energy-minimization approach to successfully explain why this discontinuous behavior occurs in rounded corners.
Sensitivity of seedling growth to phosphorus supply in six tree species of the Australian Great Western Woodlands
Authors: Williams Andrea , George Suman , Birt Henry W. G. , Daws Matthew I. , Tibbett Mark
Published: August 2019

Many Australian native plants from regions with ancient, highly weathered soils have specialised adaptations for acquiring phosphorus (P) and can exhibit negative effects of excess P supply on growth and survival. Despite this, fertiliser (including P) is routinely applied in post-mining and other restoration schemes. In this study we investigated the effect of a range of applied P on the growth and tissue P concentrations for six woody species from the Great Western Woodlands (GWW) of Western Australia – a region that it not only biodiverse, but that has experienced significant levels of mining related activities. Our data from a pot-based experiment show that all six species exhibited greater growth with increased P application up to 15 mg kg sand–1. However, at P concentrations in excess of 15 mg kg–1, dry mass accumulation did not increase further for three of the species tested. For the other three species, dry mass accumulation declined as the P concentration increased above 15 mg kg–1. For all of the study species, root and shoot P concentrations increased as the concentration of applied P increased. The internal shoot P concentration, at which dry matter accumulation either plateaued or started to decline, was in the range 1.95 to 3.2 mg P g–1 dry matter. This was ~2–4 times the concentration found in natural vegetation. These data suggest that in a restoration context, there is a potential risk that, excess P application may decrease plant growth rates for some species. Consequently, the addition of fertiliser to restored sites may have unpredictable impacts on the plant community by directly reducing the growth of some species but increasing the growth of others. We suggest that careful consideration should be given to designing appropriate fertiliser regimes for land restoration schemes in ancient P deplete landscapes to avoid the risk that fertiliser addition has the unwanted outcome of decreasing growth and survival of the target native species and increasing the abundance of unwanted weeds or aggressive pioneer species.
Evaluating the shifts in rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities across the pastoral zone of Australia during 1910–2010
Authors: Cobon David H. , Kouadio Louis , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Jarvis Chelsea , Carter John , Stone Grant , Davis Peter
Published: August 2019

Interannual rainfall variability in Australia is a source of risk within agricultural industries. Insights into changes to rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities are essential to inform adaptation strategies for climate risk management within the grazing industry. We investigated shifts in rainfall and pasture-growth variabilities between the periods 1910–1960 and 1961–2010 for the pastoral zone in Australia. Rainfall variability was also assessed for the high-rainfall and wheat–sheep zones. An index of variability was calculated by using gridded rainfall and pasture-growth data for both periods. The percentage change was then calculated as the difference in variation between the two periods. Overall, the variability of annual rainfall has significantly increased (P < 0.01) between the two periods for the pastoral zone. Pastoral regions in the Northern Territory had the greatest increases in pasture-growth variability, with 62–85% of the area affected by a significant increase in variability. Between the periods 1910–1960 and 1961–2010 across the wheat–sheep zone, annual rainfall variability significantly decreased (P < 0.01), with 70% of the area having a negative change, whereas for the high-rainfall zone, the variability did not change significantly. Monitoring ongoing trends in rainfall and pasture-growth variability is important to inform strategic grazing management. Management practices to mitigate the impacts of increased variability in pastoral regions are discussed.
VegMachine.net. online land cover analysis for the Australian rangelands
Authors: Beutel Terrence S. , Trevithick Rebecca , Scarth Peter , Tindall Dan
Published: August 2019

This paper documents the development and use of the VegMachine.net land cover monitoring tool. From 2002 to 2015, VegMachine® software was used by government agencies, natural resource management (NRM) groups and individual pastoralists in northern Australia to assess and benchmark vegetation cover levels. In 2016 the VegMachine.net website was launched to build a wider user base and assure service continuity. Users can now graph historical (1990–) cover on one or more user defined areas of interest (AOI), produce comprehensive paddock-by-paddock property monitoring reports, and view a range of land cover raster images through the website map panel. In its first 32 months of operation 913 users logged 1604 sessions on the website and more than 1000 of the website’s most comprehensive monitoring reports were distributed to users. Levels of use varied; 26% of users (n = 237) have used the website more than once, and within this group a smaller set of regular users (n = 36) have used the site more than five times, in many cases to provide analyses to multiple clients. We outline four case studies that document the significant impact VegMachine.net has had on users including graziers, government agencies, NRM groups and researchers. We also discuss some possible paths forward that could widen the user base and improve retention of first time users.
A corpus-based study on imagery and symbolism in Goldblatt’s translation ofRed Sorghum
Authors: Chen Meng-Lin
Published: August 2019

Research on Goldblatt’s translation ofRed Sorghumhas attracted more attention in recent years after its author Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for this work. This translation study has addressed the imagery and symbolism in this classic Chinese work, an area that has yet to be investigated with the use of empirical data. The study employed the corpus-based approach, and analysed the translation of images and symbols based on a parallel translation corpus of Chapters 1 and 2 found in the text ofRed Sorghum. Most important images and symbols are represented by 30 distinct nouns in the novel as successfully translated into English as a result of the translator’s adoption of a literal translation strategy. A more focused examination of a translation of the most prominent key word, sorghum, finds that the translator has faithfully adopted the imagery and symbolism techniques in the source text whenever conveying the images and symbols of sorghum across cultures. Based on the findings, this study argues that images and symbols in the source text may present themselves in the translation of novels if translators adopt a source-oriented translation strategy. Our analyses of the translation of figures of speech, namely similes, personifications and repetitions further highlight the importance of taking concert and literal translation strategies into the realm of literary translation.
The origins and early developments of the UN Training Program for Interpreters and Translators in
Beijing
Authors: Bin Yao
Published: August 2019

This paper fills the missing the link in the research on the history of interpreter and translator training in the
P. R. China. After the restoration of China’s seat in the United Nations on October 25, 1971, the UN Secretariat suggested, as
early as in 1972, to the P. R. C. Permanent Mission in New York, that a training course be established to train interpreters and
translators. But it was not until 1979 that the UN Training Program for Interpreters and Translators (译训班) was established at
Beijing Foreign Studies University. What happened during the period of 1972–1978 and how the first cohort of students were
recruited and trained remain, to a large extent, unexplored areas. By combining newly-discovered historical materials and
interviews with former staff members and students of the program, this paper presents details about the preparatory work carried
out in mid-1970s that laid the foundations for the establishment of the program, the month-long negotiations between Chinese and
the UN representatives in 1978 that led to the founding of the program, as well as the recruitment and training of the first
cohort of students.
Lexical bundles in university course materials
Authors: Nekrasova-Beker Tatiana , Becker Anthony
Published: August 2019

The present study compared 4-word lexical bundles found in a general engineering corpus (2,030,000 words) with those found in a corpus of texts collected from a Pathway engineering course for ESL (English as a Second Language) students (356,000 words) and a corpus of pedagogical materials used to teach advanced ESL students at an intensive English program (440,000 words). The results indicated that the structural and functional characteristics of the lexical bundles in the Pathway engineering materials were representative of the discourse features found in the general engineering corpus. This finding provides additional evidence of the overall appropriateness of the pedagogical materials selected for the Pathway course. Furthermore, the two engineering corpora also included a substantial number of bundles that were unique to the specific course materials, and, therefore, can potentially be targeted during language instruction.
Kaleidographic
Authors: Caple Helen , Anthony Laurence , Bednarek Monika
Published: August 2019

Kaleidographicis a dynamic and interactive data visualization tool that allows users to observe and explore relations between any number of variables. The tool is useful for displaying the complex ways in which textual elements interact across a range of texts. Thus far, the tool has been used to display the results of corpus studies as well as corpus-assisted multimodal discourse analyses that investigate text-image relations. To facilitate broader applications of the tool, it is now publicly available online for use without charge. This paper explains the background and motivation forKaleidographicand presents two case studies demonstrating its utility. Limitations of the tool are discussed and its potential uses in corpus linguistics research and beyond are introduced.
Potential of community capacity building for ecotourism purposes in Tg.Piai, Johore
Authors: Ahmad N M N , Razzaq A R A , Maryati M
Published: August 2019

This paper seeks to examine Tg. Piai as a potential site for community capacity building for ecotourism development. The research is done by reviewing and comparing, literatures on the ecological and sociological aspect of tourism in the area. Also through on-ground observations and experience from a past research done for “Final Report on Habitat and Ecological Research After Wavebreaker Project at Tg. Piai”. Referring to the existing natural tourism, cultural tourism attractions, and an encouraging number of local participations in the tourism industry, there are already positive signs of potential for ecotourism development. Assessment of data gathered, further strengthens the viability, with results of positive attitudes projected by the locals toward tourism development in the area. However, upon further review, the research found that there has been problem with past top-down governance style of the tourism development in the area and it shows on the ground as well. There is a need for a more sustainable development for ecotourism that focuses on the participation of the local community. As a conclusion however, it is proven in many ecotourism development with local community, the involvement of the locals is a crucial part of creating a working ecotourism destination. Fortunately, there are indicators that show willingness of the locals to support a community capacity building project to develop ecotourism in the area. Thus, the research suggests that the stakeholder take this opportunity to create a new cooperation with the local, through community capacity building, using the bottom-up approach to develop ecotourism products that can sustainably benefit both the stakeholder and the local community. This review paper is a continuation from the “Final Report on Habitat and Ecological Research After Wavebreaker Project at Tg. Piai”. Authored by the Centre of Research-Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (COR-SUNR), UTHM.
Gauging the current status of natural history collections in Malaysia
Authors: Sapaat Arney , Mohamed Maryati , Noh Dalimin Mohd
Published: August 2019

This study was carried out to gauge the current status of natural history collection centres in Malaysia, primarily focused on animal collections. Part of the research is reported here and it constituted objective one which is to compare the status of natural history collection between the various centres in Malaysia and also with three selected Southeast Asian tropical region museums in trying to understand need of the Malaysian public for a natural history museum. It maps out the locations, describes the number and kinds of specimens kept at each collection centre. Financial and governance aspects are also described. In total 11 centres were visited all over Malaysia. These collection centres and museums were managed by federal or state government or universities. Duration of visit at each location ranged from one to seven days. During the visit interviews were carried out with collection manager to obtained Questionnaire was also left behind for managers of centre to fill in and sent back to researchers. In addition, three natural history collection centres and museums in South East Asia tropical region were also visited: Bogor Zoological Museum, Indonesia; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore and Mahachakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand. Following the same protocol as with Malaysian centres, the information obtained enable researcher to make comparison between Malaysia and those in the region. This paper found that most of the natural history museums and collection centres were focused in the centre of peninsular Malaysia. However, natural history collections in Malaysia are still limited by state and national borders. Coordination and integration of these centres, currently runned separately by the federal, state governments, research institutions and institution of higher learning, is seen as the way forward to provide for a strong basis of understanding biodiversity among the Malaysian public.
Documentation of macrofungi traditionally used by Jakun people in Johor, Malaysia in treatment of various illnesses
Authors: Ayu K K , Alona C L , Mohd Ahmad A , Patahayah M , Mohd Salleh S , Mohamed M , Lili T
Published: August 2019

This study documented the ethnomedical knowledge of the Jakun community at Kampung Peta, Endau Rompin Johor National Park, Johor, Malaysia on macrofungi that can potentially be used as medicine. Seven key informants were selected through snowball sampling and data on the potentially medicinal macrofungi was collected through semi-structured interview, observation and focus group. There were 20 species of macrofungi documented to have medicinal properties. Macrofungi-based concoction is commonly used by the local community in this area. Thematic analysis was used as the qualitative method in this study. The most common species of macrofungi used as medicine are Sichzophyllum commune, Microporus xanthopus, Ganoderma lucidum and Pluerotus ostreatus. According to the Jakun community, S. commune can treat asthma and has anti-aging properties while M. xanthopus were also used for its anti-aging properties, birth-control and breast cancer remedy. G. lucidum was known to treat tumor and cancer due to its anti-tumor, immune-modulating and anti-fibrotic properties, while P. ostreatus can lower cholesterol level and increase inner strength. Hence, there is a need to document the traditional knowledge on these macrofungi to prevent knowledge erosion in the future generation.
Coleus blumei extract as a potential antibacterial oral rinse
Authors: Bismelah N A , Ahmad R , Mohamed Kassim Z H , Ismail N H
Published: August 2019

Commercially available oral rinses, containing chlorhexidine are effective in treating and preventing oral infections but they can cause unpleasant taste and staining of teeth and are not advocated for long- term oral care. Hence comes the need for an alternative remedy with reduced side effects that is suitable for daily regime. Coleus blumei has been reported to contain phytochemicals that are active against oral bacteria. The objective of this study is to determine the phytochemicals content of C. blumei leaves extract and its potential as an antibacterial agent to treat oral infection as alternative to chlorhexidine. C. blumei extract was first screened for its phytochemicals content and was later screened for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mitis using disc diffusion method. The extract was tested to find the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for both bacteria. The phytochemicals screenings showed that the extract contains flavonoid, terpenoid, tannin and saponin. At a concentration of 100 mg/ml, the extract showed antibacterial activity against both bacteria, S. aureus (14.56 mm) and S. mitis (13 mm), with Percentage of Relative Inhibition Zone Diameter (% RIZD) of 35% (S. aureus) and 65% (S. mitis). The extract was shown to have similar effects as Oradex oral rinse (0.12% chlorhexidine), with 15.67 mm inhibition zone and % RIZD of 38% for S. aureus, and 15mm with % RIZD of 75% for S. mitis. The MIC results shows that the extract was most effective against S. aureus, as the MIC was determined at the lowest concentration of 1.5625 mg/ml and the MBC was determine at the concentration of 100 mg, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml. For S. mitis, the MIC was determined at the concentration of 25 mg/ml, with MBC value at the highest concentration of 100 mg/ml. These results suggest that C. blumei extract possesses antibacterial effects against oral bacteria similar to Oradex and therefore has the potential to be used as an oral rinse in the future.
Effect of light intensity on the gas exchange characteristics of Melothria pendula
Authors: Idris A , Linatoc A C , Bin Abu Bakar M F
Published: August 2019

Light intensity influences the gas exchange characteristics of plants. In this paper, the effect of light intensity on the gas exchange characteristics of Melothria pendula was studied. The gas exchange of sun exposed and shaded species were studied using a portable photosynthesis system. Light response and carbon dioxide (CO2) response curves were fitted, and the gas exchange characteristics were derived from the fitted curves. The results indicate that light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), maximum assimilation (Amax), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport (Jmax) were higher in sun exposed species compared to shaded species (P < 0.05). The findings lead to a conclusion that M. pendula species can differ in their gas exchange characteristics depending on the level of light and CO2 received by the plants.
Nutritional composition of stingless bee honey from different botanical origins
Authors: Lim D C C , Abu Bakar M F , Majid M
Published: August 2019

The nutritional content of honey varies with its botanical and geographical origins; also, it is influence by environmental, storage and processing factors. The current study aimed at evaluating the nutritional composition of raw unprocessed Malaysian Stingless bee’s honey (Heterotrigona itama) from different botanical origins. Six honey samples were collected from different botanical origins located in the Southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. It was then analysed for ash, moisture, protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (Soxhlet extraction) and carbohydrates content according to AOAC official method. The ash, moisture, protein and carbohydrate contents of honey samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.90 g/100 g, 27.00 to 31.00 g/100 g, 0.20 to 0.80 g/100 g, and 67.58 to 72.25 g/100 g, respectively. No significant value obtained for the fat analysis of honey samples. Sample with higher moisture content recorded lower carbohydrates content. The health benefits of honey are generally known, however the knowledge of Malaysian Stingless bee honey especially from different botanical origins is still limited. Due to its prospect as functional foods, information on its composition is crucial as preliminary data for further study.
Assessment of Zingiberaceae (Tribe Alpinieae) from North East Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad S , Kalu M
Published: August 2019

Zingiberaceae is a pantropical herbaceous family from order Zingiberales. It consists of 60 genera and at least 1,500 species that are widely distributed in the tropics. Malesian region is known as the richest zone and Borneo covers 21 genera with more than 250 known taxa so far. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of Zingiberaceae particularly tribe Alpinieae from the north east of Sarawak. Taxon sampling were carried out at different localities from Bintulu to Miri divisions involving three national parks particularly Similajau, Niah and Lambir Hills National Parks. Thirty (30) species from eight (8) genera of tribe Alpinieae have been documented i.e. seven (7) species of Amomum Roxb., six (6) species each for Alpinia Roxb. and Plagiostachys Ridl., three (3) species each for Elettaria Maton and Etlingera Giseke, and two (2), two (2) and one (1) species each for Elettariopsis Baker, Hornstedtia Retz and Geocharis (K.Schum.) Ridl. Majority of the collected species are regarded as endemic to Borneo island while eight (8) species are distributed to other areas in the Malesian region. One species each of Amomum and Elettariopsis from Similajau National Park and Niah National Park, were described as possibly new to science. Findings on the new species and taxonomically uncertain species of Plagiostachys and Geocharis would probably increase the number of Alpinieae species from Sarawak. In addition, it is necessary for further field works in many more parts of Sarawak due to the large forests area and localised distribution of the ginger flora.
Habitat preferences of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) based on abiotic factors: A study from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Muhaimin A M D , Halim M , Syarifah Zulaikha S A , Yaakop S
Published: August 2019

Leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the largest groups in Coleoptera. However, studies focusing on this group are considered low, especially in Malaysia. Apart of being pest for several crops and stored products, their ecological preferences are unknown. This study was conducted to observe the abiotic factors that may influence the distribution of the species. Sampling was done from December 2016 to May 2017 at Fraser’s Hill, and divided into three altitudes; higher (>900m a.s.l), middle (500-900m a.s.l) and lower (<500m a.s.l). Samples were collected by active sampling (sweeping nets) from 9.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. for each altitude. A total of 540 individuals of 46 species from four subfamilies was successfully collected throughout the sampling period. Galerucinae contributed the most individuals comprising 65.93% from the total collection, while Criocerianae had the least – 2.04%. PCA graph showed that higher altitude species separated from both middle and lower altitudes. This proved that abiotic factor influenced towards the distribution of species. This study gave an overview of factors that may affect the distribution of the leaf beetles. However, more detailed study must be done to give a more solid aspect. It is recommended that more studies be carried out to provide for better and stronger evidence.
PrimaTourism: Plant selection by Schlegel’s Banded Langur Presbytis neglectus in Johor
Authors: Najmuddin M F , Haris H , Shahrool-Anuar R , Norazlimi N , Md-Zain B M , Abdul-Latiff M A B
Published: August 2019

Schlegel’s Banded Langur, P. neglectus is an understudied primate species in Johor. However, no data were recorded on the species feeding ecology from previous study. This study aims to assess the food selection of P. neglectus in Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Observations were made using scan sampling techniques and identification of plants was made using dichotomous key to record and identify the plants eaten by P. neglectus in Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor. 27 species of plants were recorded from 17 families during 2 months of observation starting from July 2018 to August 2018. Plant species found in the area comprises of a mixture of mangroves plants, orchard plants, pioneer forest plants and others. A notable plants species selected by P. neglectus includes pome trees, Nephelium lappaceum, commodity plants, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis, mangrove plants, Rhizophora mucronate, pioneer tree species, Macaranga gigantea and others. Plants selected by P. neglectus in this study suggested a viable adaptation to human settlement in Kampung Johor Lama.
Species Distribution Modelling to Assist Biodiversity and Conservation Management in Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Aqilah AA , Mohamed Maryati , Tokiman Lili , Mohd Sanget Mohd-Saman
Published: August 2019

Limited resources, including financial, expertise and time have made a case for prioritizing conservation exercises especially in a biodiversity hotspot country such as Malaysia. One method to determine conservation priorities is through Species Distribution Modelling (SDM). Globally, SDM has long been used to assist conservation management by estimating the range area of a species and determining its potential location in different geographical settings. This information will allow governing agencies to pinpoint important areas for conservation. Since management of protected areas in Malaysia is governed by federal or state, several legislation issues have arisen due to conflict of interest between the two authority bodies. This paper aims to review the current usage of SDM in Malaysia and suggest SDM as one of the tools that can be systematically used by both state and federal government in protected area management.
Checklist of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Sg. Bantang, Labis Forest Reserve, Johor
Authors: Awg Abdul Rahman Aqilah , Mohamed Maryati
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to determine the butterfly species composition at Hutan Lipur Sg. Bantang, Labis Forest Reserve. Sampling was conducted in January, July and October 2017 through manual collection using aerial net and baited traps. A total of 149 individuals and 68 species belonging to five families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae) were recorded during this study. The most well represented family was Nymphalidae with 37 species recorded. Butterflies from the family Hesperiidae were not represented in this study. A higher species diversity was expected in this area since it is in close proximity with Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin (Selai). More species is expected to be recorded if sampling effort is continued.
Economic valuation of Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis, ouwens 1912) and its contribution to locally-generated revenue of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Nurilma A D , Sjarmidi A , Yustiana Y
Published: August 2019

Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is one of the largest reptiles in the world. Komodo dragons are listed in the Appendix I Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to the limited demographic demarcation and distribution. In achieving sustainable resource utilization, knowledge of the value of natural resources as a whole is required, both tangible and intangible values. Komodo dragon has intangible value in the form of existence value. Therefore, the value of komodo dragon is necessary to know, because it shows the potential of these resources and to be considered in making appropriate management/policy planning for the sustainability of Komodo National Park tourism, as well as the instruments to preserve the species of Varanus komodoensis in their natural habitat. The purposes of this study are to estimate the economic value of Varanus komodoensis, which is the main attraction of Komodo National Park ecotourism, as an instrument of conservation, and to calculate the contribution of Komodo National Park tourism to Locally-Generated Revenue of West Manggarai Regency. Estimation of Varanus komodoensis value was obtained by using Individual Travel Cost Method (TCM). The results of this research is the value of Komodo National Park is Rp 5,995,232,147,515.00. If that value is divided by the average of komodo dragon population from 2012 to 2016 that is 2,841 individuals, then the value of each individual komodo dragon per year is Rp 2,110,254,188.00. Komodo National Park tourism contributed 44% in the retribution of Locally-Generated Revenue and 5% in the Locally-Generated Revenue of West Manggarai Regency.
Unravelling Stakeholders’ Perceptions for Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Water Scarcity in Bali
Authors: Adhariani D
Published: August 2019

The impact of tourism on environment has been warned by environmentalists and has become subject of academic studies. This research analyses stakeholder perceptions on water scarcity in Bali amid the glitter of Bali tourism. Survey and interviews have been conducted to several stakeholder groups, including government, local residents, tourists (foreign and domestic), hotel industry and non-government organizations. 400 respondents participate in the survey, followed by a series of interviews with several key people representing various stakeholder groups. The results show that majority of respondents are not aware of the water scarcity problem but support the notion of sustainable tourism. Respondents also have one voice regarding the importance of water savings and water conservation activities in Bali. This research has implications on the importance of water scarcity awareness, water conservation campaign, as well as sustainable tourism.
Phytochemical Test, Vitamin C Content and Antioxidant Activities Beet Root (Beta vulgaris Linn.) Extracts as Food Coloring Agent from Some Areas in Java Island
Authors: Lembong E , Utama G L , Saputra R A
Published: August 2019

The use of coloring agent as food additives has received attention. This is due to the frequent abuse of synthetic dyes that are not for food. Beet root are usually used as natural dyes. This is because beet roots, especially the tubers, are rich in betalain pigments. The purpose of this study was to determine secondary metabolites, vitamin C content and antioxidant activity beet root extracts in several regions of Java. Phytochemical test results show that all of beet root extracts positive contain phenolic, tannin, flavonoids and saponins. The content of vitamin C extract of beet roots originating from the regions of Bogor, West Java, Central Java and East Java respectively is 57,1714; 63,6470; 54.9943; and 65.9868 mg/100 g of ingredients. The antioxidant activities all of samples included very weak categories, namely for extracting red beet roots from Bogor 1,276.28 ppm; West Java 1,497.18 ppm; Central Java 1,316.21 ppm; and East Java 1,759.08 ppm.
Environmental & Economic Valuation of Raw Water Resource of East Flood Canal DKI Jakarta
Authors: Suwarti R , Moersidik S S , Soesilo T E B
Published: August 2019

The increasing of raw water requirement for people in DKI Jakarta is caused by population growth, so there is a need to improve water source to fulfill daily need of raw water. One of the sources of raw water in DKI Jakarta PDAM comes from Jatiluhur/STB (Kalimalang) reservoir, 81% of raw water in DKI Jakarta PDAM uses raw water in the Jatiluhur Reservoir (PDAM DKI Jakarta, 2014 Efforts to improve raw water sources one of them by utilizing the east flood canal river (BKT), then a proper calculation of economic and environmental analyzes is required. This study aims to analyze the economic and environmental feasibility of STB (Kalimalang) and BKT River as raw water utilization. Pollutant source factor analysis using the water quality test method on the source and economic feasibility was carried out using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of the economic feasibility value of the indicator used with the BCR, NPV method, IRR shows that it is feasible to be used as raw water utilization on the BKT River, because it shows the feasibility indicator is positive NPV, IRR value is 20.3% and BEP is 13.5. The BKT river planned to add raw water supply to 1,000 L/second can serve 347,267 people. The conclusion of economic analysis and environmental feasibility is that the BKT river is feasible to be used as a sustainable source of raw water and can be used as additional raw water for people in DKI Jakarta.
Analysis Of Changes In Water Quality Used For Supporting Fish Productivity Of Floating Cage/KJA (Keramba Jaring Apung) In Cirata Reservoir
Authors: Awaliyah F , Gunawan W , Tasrif M
Published: August 2019

The existence of floating net cages/KJA (Keramba Jaring Apung) in the Cirata reservoir is one of the suppliers that stock fisheries needs in West Java by 40%. But along with this, the number of KJA is increasing and its existence has exceeded the legimate amount determined by the Decree of the Governor of West Java No. 41 of 2002 as many as 85,393 plots. The increase in the number of KJA in the Cirata reservoir has an impact on the decline in water quality and fish productivity. This study aims to determine the processes that cause the dynamics of fish productivity and changes in water quality for KJA aquaculture, building models that can be used as a means of analysis to explain the dynamics that occur, designing a sustainable KJA policy. The depiction of the situation is carried out using the system dynamics approach. System dynamics methodology is one of the policy modeling approaches, especially in terms of increasing understanding of how and why dynamic symptoms of a system occurs This model shows actual behaviour and simulation behaviour, based on historical data 2007-2017. The actual model and simulation show that the model and structure of the model are valid according to The Theil Statistical Test, while the model reference has also reflected its historical behaviour. Thus the model can be used for policy analysis. To formulate a sustainable KJA (floating net cage farming) policy, the policy analysis used is in the period of 2007-2040. The model structure in this research is made based on the relationship between KJA farming dynamics, productivity, policy, KJA waste, eutrophication cycle, O2 availability and technology. These variables cause eutrophication in the Cirata Reservoir and affect the production and productivity of fish for the long term. Based on these differences, the hypotheses have been proposed which cover farming of KJA productivity and eutrophication of reservoir waters. First, the model is used to simulate the likelihood of the increasing presence of KJA and the deteriorating water productivity and quality in the next 20 years. Then, by analyzing the possible scenario, the policy scenario is designed to overcome the problems that occur.
Species Identification of Stress Resistance Yeasts Isolated from Banana Waste for Ethanol Production
Authors: Utama G L , Kurniawan M O , Natiqoh N , Balia R L
Published: August 2019

Banana waste putrefaction was naturally shown the potential activities of microorganisms in fermenting ethanol. Yeasts have been known as one of the potential microorganisms that wildly grown in banana waste that has the ability in producing ethanol. The objectives of the research were to isolate and identify yeasts with stress resistance ability towards high ethanol and glucose in the production of ethanol. Yeasts isolation has been done by using Potato Dextrose Agar/PDA (Oxoid Ltd.) that was modified with 3% yeast extract/YE (Kraft Inc.) and 10 ppm Amoxicillin, then incubated for 48h at room temperature. The yeast-like isolates were identified microscopic and macroscopically then cultured on Nutrient Broth/NB (Oxoid Ltd.) with the addition of 3% yeast extract/YE (Kraft Inc.), 10 ppm Amoxicillin and 30% glucose or ethanol for stress resistance ability test. The resistance ability of yeasts toward high glucose and ethanol media was determined by measuring optical density (OD) on UV-Vis spectrophotometerλ=600nm. The isolates species identified using sequence analysis of the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with the primers of ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′), the sequences compared with the GenBank database using the BLAST algorithm. The isolates were mixed and inoculated into banana wastes for 72h then the ethanol contents measured by chromium dichromate oxidation methods every 24h. The results showed that three wild yeasts (B1, B2, B3) were isolated from banana wastes, with the ability to produce ethanol with a concentration of 10.72±2.53% at 48h. Species identification showed that isolate B1, B2, and B3 were 98.99% (295/298), 100% (330/330), 99.71% (695/597) identical with Pichia bruneiensis strain CLIB 1453,Kodamaea ohmeriF3 andHanseniaspora sp.R2 respectively.
Analysis of lead contamination in soil (case: Pesarean village, Tegal district area)
Authors: Lestari I , Agustina H , Soesilo T E B
Published: August 2019

The smelting of metal and used battery which was carried out in Pesarean Village, Tegal District has resulted a huge amount of openly waste that has not been processed properly. This waste contains heavy metal such as lead that counted as hazardous and toxic waste materials. It can affect the quality of environment not only polluting the air but also the soil and groundwater. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of lead concentration on the environment, especially soil and groundwater. The method that used in this study was quantitative methods with analyzing secondary data, literature and previous research review. The results showed that in 2012 concentration of lead in soil of waste disposal area reached 14,343 ppm, and in 2015, the highest concentration was in residential and dumpsite area with concentration 398,489 ppm. In groundwater, lead concentration was still below the water quality standard.
Jakarta Bay Reclamation: The Challenge Between Policy, Environmental and Social Impacts
Authors: Adharani Y , Nurlinda I , Nadia A , Yusuf S Z , Sarah A S
Published: August 2019

Coastal areas have strategic value for the development of national economy and the improvement of people’s welfare and are at the same time very vulnerable to damage and destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to manage them wisely by placing economic interests in proportion with the environmental and social interests, both in the short and long term. A good policy should be in accordance with the needs of the community and its benefits to the community. Such as the policy regarding the Jakarta Bay reclamation, whether it benefits the interests of the public or those of the owners of capital. The Environmental Review of the Jakarta reclamation is considered unclear and transparent, including the Permits issued without regard to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Since 1995, the Jakarta Bay Reclamation, as part of coastal area management, has had advantage and disadvantages at the same time. The advantage is in order to create a new center of economic growth based on services and creative economy and suppress housing development in South Jakarta which should be used as a water catchment area. The disadvantages are that it causes environmental and ecosystem damage and damages the livelihoods of fishermen and communities on the North Coast of Jakarta. This paper describes the lack of conformity among environmental, social, and policy aspects in coastal area management to the Jakarta Bay reclamation. This research will present theories on environmental law compliance especially regarding licensing and spatial planning and discover the ideal rule of law model so that sustainable development can be achieved.