bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potassium depletion induces cellular conversion in the outer medullary collecting duct altering Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Iervolino Anna , Prosperi Federica , De La Motte Luigi R. , Petrillo Federica , Spagnuolo Manuela , D’Acierno Mariavittoria , Siccardi Sabrina , Perna Alessandra F. , Christensen Birgitte M. , Frische Sebastian , Capasso Giovambattista , Trepiccione Francesco
Published: March 2020

Potassium depletion affects AQP2 expression and the cellular composition of the kidney collecting duct. This, in turn, contributes to the development of a secondary form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and hypokalemic nephropathy. Here we show that after 14 days of potassium depletion, the cellular fraction of A-type intercalated cells increases while the fraction of principal cells decreases along the outer medullary collecting duct in rats. The intercalated cells acquired a novel distribution pattern forming rows of cells attached to each other. These morphological changes occur progressively and reverse after 7 days of recovery on normal rat chow diet. The cellular remodeling mainly occurred in the inner stripe of outer medulla similar to the previously seen effect of lithium on the collecting duct cellular profile. The cellular remodeling is associated with the appearance of cells double labelled with both specific markers of principal and type-A intercalated cells. The appearance of this cell type was associated with the downregulation of the Notch signaling via the Hes1 pathways. These results show that the epithelium of the collecting duct has a high degree of plasticity and that Notch signaling likely plays a key role during hypokalemia.
Podocyte-targeted Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 overexpression exacerbates age-related pathology in the rat kidney
Authors: Poulaki Elpida , Detsika Maria G. , Fourtziala Eythimia , Lianos Elias A. , Gakiopoulou Hariklia
Published: March 2020

Although Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in various forms of kidney injury is protective, its role in age-related renal pathology is unknown. In the ageing kidney there is nephron loss and lesions of focal glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and arteriolosclerosis. Underlying mechanisms include podocyte (visceral glomerular epithelial cell/GEC) injury. To assess whether HO-1 can attenuate ageing – related lesions, rats with GEC-targeted HO-1 overexpression (GECHO-1 rats) were generated using a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system and extent of lesions over a 12-month period were assessed and compared to those in age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. GECHO-1 rats older than 6 months developed albuminuria that was detectable at 6 months and became significantly higher compared to age-matched WT controls at 12 months. In GECHO-1 rats, lesions of focal segmental and global glomerulosclerosis as well as tubulointerstitial lesions were prominent while podocytes were edematous with areas of foot process effacement and glomerular basement membrane thickening and wrinkling. GECHO-1 rats also developed hemoglobinuria and hemosiderinuria associated with marked tubular hemosiderin deposition and HO-1 induction, while there was depletion of splenic iron stores. Kidney injury was of sufficient magnitude to increase serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and was oxidative in nature as shown by increased expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdg, a byproduct of oxidative DNA damage) in podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. These observations highlight a detrimental effect of podocyte-targeted HO-1 overexpression on ageing-related renal pathology and point to increased renal iron deposition as a putative underlying mechanism.
Disease-associated synaptic scaffold protein CNK2 modulates PSD size and influences localisation of the regulatory kinase TNIK
Authors: Zieger Hanna L. , Kunde Stella-Amrei , Rademacher Nils , Schmerl Bettina , Shoichet Sarah A.
Published: March 2020

Scaffold proteins are responsible for structural organisation within cells; they form complexes with other proteins to facilitate signalling pathways and catalytic reactions. The scaffold protein connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (CNK2) is predominantly expressed in neural tissues and was recently implicated in X-linked intellectual disability (ID). We have investigated the role of CNK2 in neurons in order to contribute to our understanding of how CNK2 alterations might cause developmental defects, and we have elucidated a functional role for CNK2 in the molecular processes that govern morphology of the postsynaptic density (PSD). We have also identified novel CNK2 interaction partners and explored their functional interdependency with CNK2. We focussed on the novel interaction partner TRAF2- and NCK-interacting kinase TNIK, which is also associated with ID. Both CNK2 and TNIK are expressed in neuronal dendrites and concentrated in dendritic spines, and staining with synaptic markers indicates a clear postsynaptic localisation. Importantly, our data highlight that CNK2 plays a role in directing TNIK subcellular localisation, and in neurons, CNK2 participates in ensuring that this multifunctional kinase is present in the correct place at desirable levels. In summary, our data indicate that CNK2 expression is critical for modulating PSD morphology; moreover, our study highlights that CNK2 functions as a scaffold with the potential to direct the localisation of regulatory proteins within the cell. Importantly, we describe a novel link between CNK2 and the regulatory kinase TNIK, and provide evidence supporting the idea that alterations in CNK2 localisation and expression have the potential to influence the behaviour of TNIK and other important regulatory molecules in neurons.
Automatic mandibular canal detection using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Kwak Gloria Hyunjung , Kwak Eun-Jung , Song Jae Min , Park Hae Ryoun , Jung Yun-Hoa , Cho Bong-Hae , Hui Pan , Hwang Jae Joon
Published: March 2020

The practicability of deep learning techniques has been demonstrated by their successful implementation in varied fields, including diagnostic imaging for clinicians. In accordance with the increasing demands in the healthcare industry, techniques for automatic prediction and detection are being widely researched. Particularly in dentistry, for various reasons, automated mandibular canal detection has become highly desirable. The positioning of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which is one of the major structures in the mandible, is crucial to prevent nerve injury during surgical procedures. However, automatic segmentation using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) poses certain difficulties, such as the complex appearance of the human skull, limited number of datasets, unclear edges, and noisy images. Using work-in-progress automation software, experiments were conducted with models based on 2D SegNet, 2D and 3D U-Nets as preliminary research for a dental segmentation automation tool. The 2D U-Net with adjacent images demonstrates higher global accuracy of 0.82 than naïve U-Net variants. The 2D SegNet showed the second highest global accuracy of 0.96, and the 3D U-Net showed the best global accuracy of 0.99. The automated canal detection system through deep learning will contribute significantly to efficient treatment planning and to reducing patients’ discomfort by a dentist. This study will be a preliminary report and an opportunity to explore the application of deep learning to other dental fields.
Handy and highly efficient oxidation of benzylic alcohols to the benzaldehyde derivatives using heterogeneous Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles in solvent-free conditions
Authors: Goksu Haydar , Sen Fatih
Published: March 2020

The selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols was performed by using commercially available aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium (Pd/AlO(OH)) nanoparticles (0.5 wt.% Pd, about 3 nm size) under mild conditions. The oxidation method comprises the oxidation of benzyl alcohols catalyzed by aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium under ultrasonic and solvent-free conditions and a continuous stream of O2. The characterization of aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanocatalyst was conducted by several advanced analytical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. The oxidation of a variety of benzyl alcohol compounds were tested by the aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanoparticles, and all expected oxidation products were obtained by the high conversion yields within 3 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (Thin-layer chromatography), and the yields of the products were determined by 1H-NMR and 13C NMR analysis.
Metabolic disturbance in hippocampus and liver of mice: A primary response to imidacloprid exposure
Authors: Zheng Meilin , Qin Qizhong , Zhou Wenli , Liu Qin , Zeng Shaohua , Xiao Hong , Bai Qunhua , Gao Jieying
Published: March 2020

Imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the most frequently used neonicotinoid insecticides, but recent studies have shown adverse effects on mammals. IMI was found to be neurotoxic and hepatotoxic. In the present study, the effects of repeated oral administration of two doses of IMI (5 and 20 mg/kg/day) for 28 days on hippocampus and liver of female KM mice were studied. The histopathological and biochemical experiments indicated obvious damages to the hippocampus and liver of mice in the high-dose group (20 mg/kg/day). Using a high-throughput metabolomics platform based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS), we studied effects of IMI on metabolic profiles in the hippocampus and liver of mice. Significant differences among the control group, the low-dose group and the high-dose group were clearly presented using multivariate analysis. The changed metabolic profile in the low-dose group (5 mg/kg/day) revealed that the metabolic disturbance in the hippocampus and liver of mice had been induced by low-dose of IMI, although no significant histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose group. Six differential metabolites in the hippocampus and 10 differential metabolites in the liver were identified as the possible biomarkers to distinguish IMI exposure from the control group using the variable importance in projection (VIP) value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The metabolism disturbances of important biochemical pathways in the hippocampus and liver of mice in the exposed groups were elucidated, mostly concentrated in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism (p < 0.05). Such investigations give out a global view of IMI-induced damages in the hippocampus and liver of mice and imply a health risk associated with early metabolic damage in mice.
Freezing and piercing of in vitro asymmetric plasma membrane by α-synuclein
Authors: Heo Paul , Pincet Frederic
Published: March 2020

Synucleinopathies are neurological diseases that are characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of a cytosolic protein, α-synuclein, at the plasma membrane. Even though the pathological role of the protein is established, the mechanism by which it damages neurons remains unclear due to the difficulty to correctly mimic the plasma membrane in vitro. Using a microfluidic setup in which the composition of the plasma membrane, including the asymmetry of the two leaflets, is recapitulated, we demonstrate a triple action of α-synuclein on the membrane. First, it changes membrane topology by inducing pores of discrete sizes, likely nucleated from membrane-bound proteins and subsequently enlarged by proteins in solution. Second, protein binding to the cytosolic leaflet increases the membrane capacitance by thinning it and/or changing its relative permittivity. Third, α-synuclein insertion inside the membrane hydrophobic core immobilizes the lipids in both leaflets, including the opposing protein-free extracellular one.
Iodide-enhanced palladium catalysis via formation of iodide-bridged binuclear palladium complex
Authors: Zhang Yuanfei , Chen Zhe-Ning , Zhang Xiaofeng , Deng Xi , Zhuang Wei , Su Weiping
Published: March 2020

The prevalence of metalloenzymes with multinuclear metal complexes in their active sites inspires chemists’ interest in the development of multinuclear catalysts. Studies in this area commonly focus on binuclear catalysts containing either metal-metal bond or electronically discrete, conformationally advantageous metal centres connected by multidentate ligands, while in many multinuclear metalloenzymes the metal centres are bridged through μ2-ligands without a metal-metal bond. We report herein a μ2-iodide-bridged binuclear palladium catalyst which accelerates the C-H nitrosation/annulation reaction and significantly enhances its yield compared with palladium acetate catalyst. The superior activity of this binuclear palladium catalyst is attributed to the trans effect-relay through the iodide bridge from one palladium sphere to the other palladium sphere, which facilitates dissociation of the stable six-membered chelating ring in palladium intermediate and accelerates the catalytic cycle. Such a trans effect-relay represents a bimetallic cooperation mode and may open an avenue to design and develop multinuclear catalysts.
Cu, Zn doped borate bioactive glasses: antibacterial efficacy and dose-dependentin vitromodulation of murine dendritic cells
Authors: Schuhladen Katharina , Stich Lena , Schmidt Jochen , Steinkasserer Alexander , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Zinser Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

Bioactive borate glasses additionally doped with copper and/or zinc have enthralling immune-modulatory effects on immune cells.
Critical role of water stability in metal–organic frameworks and advanced modification strategies for the extension of their applicability
Authors: Liu Botao , Vikrant Kumar , Kim Ki-Hyun , Kumar Vanish , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: March 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are well known for their versatile applications in diverse fields (e.g., gas adsorption, water purification, sensing, drug delivery, and catalysis).
Mycobacterium bovisBCG infection alters the macrophageN-glycome
Authors: Delannoy Clément , Huang Chin , Coddeville Bernadette , Chen Jian-You , Mouajjah Dounia , Groux-Degroote Sophie , Harduin-Lepers Anne , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Guerardel Yann , Elass-Rochard Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

Macrophage glycosylation that is essential to the host-immune defense may be modulated by pathogens infection.
Photoluminescence enhancement of MoS2/CdSe quantum rod heterostructures induced by energy transfer and exciton–exciton annihilation suppression
Authors: Luo Yang , Shan Hangyong , Gao Xiaoqing , Qi Pengfei , Li Yu , Li Bowen , Rong Xin , Shen Bo , Zhang Han , Lin Feng , Tang Zhiyong , Fang Zheyu
Published: March 2020

The exciton dynamics of the acceptor are revealed and enhanced photoluminescence of the heterostructure is achieved by energy transfer and exciton–exciton annihilation suppression.
Exploring room-temperature transport of single-molecule magnet-based molecular spintronics devices using the magnetic tunnel junction as a device platform
Authors: Tyagi Pawan , Riso Christopher , Amir Uzma , Rojas-Dotti Carlos , Martínez-Lillo Jose
Published: March 2020

A device architecture utilizing a single-molecule magnet (SMM) as a device element between two ferromagnetic electrodes may open vast opportunities to create novel molecular spintronics devices.
Ab initio study on the excited states of pyrene and its derivatives using multi-reference perturbation theory methods
Authors: Shirai Soichi , Inagaki Shinji
Published: March 2020

The excited states of phenyl-substituted pyrene derivatives were calculated using multi-reference perturbation theory methods.
The crystallization, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of vast off-stoichiometric Sn–Se crystals
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Jian , Hu Baofu , Sun Ke , Yang Yang , Wang Jian , Du Baoli , Zhang Hangfeng
Published: March 2020

The higher thermal conductivity in Sn-rich samples suggests that the enhancement of the covalent bonding across Sn–Se slabs along a direction dominated the phonon scattering process in SnSe.
One-step growth of centimeter-scale doped multilayer MoS2 films by pulsed laser-induced synthesis
Authors: Hu Yishuo , Zeng Xiangbin , Ren Tingting , Xiao Yonghong , Zeng Yang , Wang Wenzhao , Guo Zhenyu , Jin Wen , Wang Shibo , Lu Jichang , Zeng Yirong
Published: March 2020

This paper describes an innovative method known as pulsed laser induced synthesis to quickly and efficiently produce MoS2 films. Additionally, in situ doping of various elements can be realized via a similar process. This indicates that the proposed method will be a key technology contributing to the industrialization of MoS2 films and other TMDCs.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Auricularia auricula derived nitrogen, phosphorus-doped carbon dots and application in Ag(i) and 4-nitrophenol detection and bioimaging
Authors: Tu Yujiao , Wang Suping , Yuan Xiaotian , Song Pengfei , Wei Yunlin , Qin Kunhao , Zhang Qi , Ji Xiuling
Published: March 2020

Schematic of the synthetic route for fluorescent Aa N,P-CDs and their application in the detection of 4-NP and Ag(i) and bioimaging.
Nanomedicine – a promising therapy for hematological malignancies
Authors: Huang Lifen , Huang Jun , Huang Junbin , Xue Hongman , Liang Zhiqing , Wu Jun , Chen Chun
Published: March 2020

Nanoparticles (NPs) are used for the diagnosis and treatment of hematological tumors by loading various pharmacodynamic molecules.
Atomic-scale engineering of metal–oxide interfaces for advanced catalysis using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Cao Lina , Lu Junling
Published: March 2020

Two main routes to optimization of metal–oxide interfaces: reducing metal particle size and oxide overcoating.
A WS2-gold nanoparticle heterostructure-based novel SERS platform for the rapid identification of antibiotic-resistant pathogens
Authors: Pramanik Avijit , Davis Dalephine , Patibandla Shamily , Begum Salma , Ray Priyadarshini , Gates Kaelin , Gao Ye , Chandra Ray Paresh
Published: March 2020

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the biggest threat to our society.
Bandgap engineering via boron and sulphur doped carbon modified anatase TiO2: a visible light stimulated photocatalyst for photo-fixation of N2 and TCH degradation
Authors: Mansingh Sriram , Das Kundan Kumar , Behera Arjun , Subudhi Satyabrata , Sultana Sabiha , Parida Kulamani
Published: March 2020

Doped anatase TiO2 towards photocatalytic N2 fixation and TCH degradation under visible light illumination.
Enhancing the quasi-theoretical photocurrent density of ZnO nanorods via a lukewarm hydrothermal method
Authors: Chen Ying-Chu , Wu Zhi-Jie , Hsu Yu-Kuei
Published: March 2020

Anti-reflection enhanced the light harvesting efficiency of a ∼10-μm-long 1D ZnO NRA, which is evidently manifested in the quasi-theoretical photocurrent density that reached ∼0.9 mA cm−2 for solar photoelectrochemical water splitting.
High performance p-channel and ambipolar OFETs based on imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline-triarylamines
Authors: Dheepika Ramachandran , Abhijnakrishna Ramakrishnan , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: March 2020

A series of phenanthroline functionalized triarylamines (TAA) has been designed and synthesised to evaluate their OFET characteristics. Solution processed OFET devices have exhibited p-channel/ambipolar behaviour with respect to the substituents.
Enhanced yellow afterglow in Ca2SnO4:Dy3+ by co-doping Na+/K+
Authors: Chen Yue , Zou Jun , Shi Mingming , Yang Bobo
Published: March 2020

We co-doped Ca2SnO4:Dy3+ with alkaline ions to improve the photoluminescence performance.
Direct electrochemical detection of clozapine by RuO2 nanoparticles-modified screen-printed electrode
Authors: Aflatoonian Mohammad Reza , Tajik Somayeh , Mohtat Bita , Aflatoonian Behnaz , Sheikh Shoaie Iran , Beitollahi Hadi , Zhang Kaiqiang , Jang Ho Won , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: March 2020

This study introduces the sensitive electrochemical detection of clozapine with the use of a ruthenium(iv) oxide nanoparticle (RuO2 NP)-modified screen-printed electrode (RuO2 NPs/SPE).
Superior antitumor effect of self-assembly supramolecular paclitaxel nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Na , Li Jun , Zhang Yuan , Ding Dan , Li Xiaolin , Xu Huae
Published: March 2020

Carrier-free paclitaxel nanoparticles with higher drug loading efficiency, less non-specific toxicity and more stable and durable antitumor effect of Ptx.
Facile synthesis of a semiconducting bithiophene-azine polymer and its application for organic thin film transistors and organic photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Guanlin , Kumar Pankaj , Zhang Zhifang , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Liu Haitao , Li Xu , Wang Jinliang , Li Yuning
Published: March 2020

A new azine polymer poly(4,4′-didodecyl-2,2′-bithiophene-azine) (PDDBTA) is synthesized by a simple condensation reaction, which is a promising semiconductor for printed electronics.
Synthesis, crystal structures and, magnetic and photoluminescence properties of lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks constructed with 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Chen Xuenian , Harrison William T. A. , Ahmad Saeed , Sharif Shahzad , Su Jian , Muhammad Shabbir , Li Shujun
Published: March 2020

Four new lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers (1–4) have been synthesized by using 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate as a ligand and investigated for magnetic and photo-luminescence properties.
Facile electrodeposition of V-doped CoP on vertical graphene for efficient alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Truong Linh , Roy Sanjib Baran , Jerng Sahng-Kyoon , Jeon Jae Ho , Lee Sunghun , Chun Seung-Hyun
Published: March 2020

In this work, we demonstrate a highly enhanced electrocatalytic activity of vanadium-doped CoP (V–CoP), directly grafted on a vertical graphene/carbon cloth electrode (VG/CC) by a facile electrochemical deposition method.
Insights into the promotion role of phosphorus doping on carbon as a metal-free catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Li Weifeng , Jin Shuangling , Zhang Rui , Wei Yabin , Wang Jiangcan , Yang Shuo , Wang He , Yang Minghe , Liu Yan , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng , Jin Minglin
Published: March 2020

P species can effectively enhance the catalytic activity of carbon aerogels for NO reduction at low temperature.
A novel method forin situvisualization of the growth kinetics, structures and behaviours of gas-phase fabricated metallic alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Long-Bing , Shi Lei , Yang Yu-Feng , Shang Guan-Lei , Hong Hua , Sun Li-Tao
Published: March 2020

In situvisualizing the growth kinetics and behaviours of alloy nanoparticles by a novel EAD method.
A chitosan gold nanoparticles molecularly imprinted polymer based ciprofloxacin sensor
Authors: Surya Sandeep G. , Khatoon Shahjadi , Ait Lahcen Abdellatif , Nguyen An T. H. , Dzantiev Boris B. , Tarannum Nazia , Salama Khaled N.
Published: March 2020

In this work, we present a novel study on the development of an electrochemical biomimetic sensor to detect the ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic.
Revealing the correlation between structural evolution and Li+diffusion kinetics of nickel-rich cathode materials in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Hong Chaoyu , Leng Qianyi , Zhu Jianping , Zheng Shiyao , He Huajin , Li Yixiao , Liu Rui , Wan Jiajia , Yang Yong
Published: March 2020

Slow lithium diffusion kinetics of H1 phase during discharge determines the initial irreversible capacity loss of NCM-based materials. By controlling lithium diffusion rate in the discharge process, extra capacity is obtained in the materials.
Polymer photocatalysts with plasma-enhanced activity
Authors: Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Cheetham Kieran J. , Bai Yang , Alves Fernandes Jesum , Barnes Michael , Bradley James W. , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: March 2020

Plasma treatment was used as a new method to enhance the photocatalytic performance of a hydrophobic polymer photocatalyst.
A MoS2 nanoflower and gold nanoparticle-modified surface plasmon resonance biosensor for a sensitivity-improved immunoassay
Authors: Zhao Peili , Chen Yaofei , Chen Yu , Hu Shiqi , Chen Hui , Xiao Wei , Liu Guishi , Tang Yong , Shi Jifu , He Zhendan , Luo Yunhan , Chen Zhe
Published: March 2020

Herein, MoS2 nanoflowers were deposited on a plasmonic interface for a sensitivity-enhanced immunoassay by increasing the amount of the loaded antibodies.
High electron mobility, controllable magnetism and anomalous light absorption in a monolayered tin mononitride semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Shuqing , Zou Xiaolong
Published: March 2020

A monolayered tin mononitride semiconductor with ultrahigh electron mobility, controllable magnetism and outstanding optical properties was predicted.
An intrinsically healing artificial neuromorphic device
Authors: Yan Yujie , Wu Xiaomin , Chen Qizhen , Wang Xiumei , Li Enlong , Liu Yuan , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: March 2020

An intrinsically healing neuromorphic device was constructed and showed great potential for applications in bioinspired humanoid robots, neural prosthetics, and cybernetic devices.
Let’s be open about this
Authors: Willmott Chris
Published: March 2020

Despite the emergence of new media, publication of peer-reviewed papers remains the principal way by which scientific research is disseminated. For those of us with British sensibilities about discussing money, it is an uncomfortable truth that publication is not a zero-cost enterprise; articles need to go through various editorial processes, as well as being made available via electronic and/or printed format. All of those stages incur costs. Science Editor Chris Willmott discusses the Biochemical Society's new transformative Read and Publish model.
Detailed electro‐dynamic model of an ultra‐fast disconnector including the failure mode
Authors: Zaja Mario , Razi‐Kazemi Ali Asghar , Jovcic Dragan
Published: March 2020

Ultra‐fast disconnector (UFD) is a key component of hybrid DC circuit breakers and it is also studied as the main switch in some DC grid topologies. A UFD model suitable for DC grid studies and considering both normal operation and failure mode is presented. The dynamic motion of contacts is analysed in detail and it is concluded that Thomson coil inductances including parasitic parameters play an important role and it is recommended to use finite element modelling. The arcing mode of UFD is repressed using a variable resistance in series with an ideal switch. The variable resistance is calculated analytically based on the instantaneous position of contacts and the circuit conditions. Two different arc models are recommended: for the air‐insulated UFD and SF6 UFD, and in each case, two operating regimes should be considered: high and low currents. The UFD model is verified for both normal operation and failure mode using measurements on a 5 kV laboratory UFD and the results show very good matching. The 320 kV SF6 UFD model is evaluated using limited reported results from manufacturers.
Les rétrovirus endogènes
Authors: Adoue Véronique , Joffre Olivier
Published: March 2020

Les lymphocytes T CD4 jouent un rôle clé dans le maintien de l’intégrité de l’organisme contre les dangers endogènes et exogènes. Ces cellules représentent donc un espoir thérapeutique majeur dans de nombreuses situations physiopathologiques. Dans cette synthèse, nous discuterons des mécanismes moléculaires qui définissent l’identité et les fonctions de ces cellules en réponse aux signaux de l’environnement. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement aux voies épigénétiques qui coordonnent leur différenciation et leur plasticité. Des données récentes de la littérature suggèrent qu’elles pourraient agir en régulant l’activité de séquences dérivées de rétrovirus endogènes qui auraient été cooptées en modulescis-régulateurs de gènes pour le bénéfice de l’hôte.
La sphère orale, cible et marqueur de l’exposition environnementale
Authors: Babajko Sylvie , Gayrard Véronique , Houari Sophia , Thu Bui Ai , Barouki Robert , Niederreither Karen , Fini Jean-Baptiste , Dursun Elisabeth , Coumoul Xavier
Published: March 2020

La cavité buccale est l’une des voies majeures des contaminations environnementales connues pour être impliquées dans de nombreuses pathologies chroniques (cancers, troubles de la fertilité et du comportement) via l’alimentation, les médications ou même la respiration. Ces facteurs environnementaux incluant, entre autres, des perturbateurs endocriniens et le fluor en excès, peuvent perturber le développement dentaire et ainsi générer des défauts irréversibles de l’émail. Ces défauts sont alors traités avec des matériaux dont certains libèrent des molécules capables à leur tour de générer ces défauts, conduisant à un cercle vicieux, notamment chez la femme enceinte et le jeune enfant. Cette synthèse fait le point sur l’état des connaissances, les questions et controverses sur les facteurs environnementaux courants susceptibles d’entrer en contact avec la sphère orale, leurs mécanismes d’actions et les médiateurs impliqués dans les pathologies de l’émail associées aux conditions environnementales.
Scores polygéniques : vers l’embryon à la carte ?
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: March 2020

A new company is offering extensive genetic analysis of embryos during an in vitro fertilisation procedure, allowing the derivation of polygenic scores for several diseases and embryo choice based on these results. Polygenic scores, if properly implemented, can indeed have substantial predictive value, and the possibility of embryo choice based on these data has become real, raising a number of practical and ethical problems. ‡
Asymmetric Chlorination of 4-Substituted Pyrazolones Catalyzed by Chiral Copper Complexes
Authors: Wang Yi-Feng , Chen Xue-Yang , Jiang Zhen-Hui , Ju Wan-Zhen , Yin Hao , Qi Suo-Suo , Chu Ming-Ming
Published: March 2020

A fast and highly enantioselective chlorination of 4-pyrazolones catalyzed by bis(oxazoline)–Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O complexes has been developed. Under the optimized conditions, a series of pyrazolones bearing stereogenic chlorine-attached carbon centers were obtained in moderate to high yields (up to 98%) and with enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee.
Surgical Management of Deep Brain Stimulator Infection without Electrode Removal: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Rikimaru Hideaki , Rikimaru-Nishi Yukiko , Muraoka Norihiro , Anegawa Mina , Ueki Shoya , Oishi Ou , Kiyokawa Kensuke
Published: March 2020

Objective Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus by implanted electrodes (deep brain stimulation [DBS]) is performed to suppress symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, postoperative wound dehiscence and infection can require removal of the implanted electrode leads. This report describes treatment of intractable unilateral wound infection in two patients without removing the DBS device.

Methods First, components of the DBS system were removed except for the electrode lead and thorough debridement of the infected wound was conducted. Second, the edges of the bone defect left by removal of DBS components were smoothed to eliminate dead space. Subsequently, the electrode lead was covered by using a pericranial-frontalis-muscle flap or a bi-pedicled-scalp flap with good blood supply. Closed intrawound continuous negative pressure and irrigation treatment was conducted for 1 week after the surgery, and then the drain was removed.

Results We treated two patients with wound infection after implantation of DBS electrodes. Case 1 developed a cutaneous fistula and Case 2 had wound dehiscence. After treatment by the method described above, complete wound healing was achieved in both patients.

Conclusion DBS is always associated with a risk of infection or exposure of components and treatment can be very difficult. We successfully managed intractable wound infection while leaving the electrode lead in situ, so that it was subsequently possible to continue DBS for Parkinson's disease.
Surgical Treatment of Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma in Patients Treated with Systemic Immunotherapy
Authors: Chao Tiffany N. , Kuan Edward C. , Tong Charles C. L. , Kohanski Michael A. , Grady M. Sean , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , O'Malley Bert W.
Published: March 2020

Objective Surgical resection is widely accepted as a critical component for definitive treatment of sinonasal mucosal melanoma. Systemic immunotherapy, including multiple newer agents, has been used to treat metastatic or unresectable disease. In this study, we examine its efficacy in locoregional control when used in conjunction with surgical resection for primary mucosal lesions.

Design Present study is a retrospective review of all patients at a tertiary academic medical center with primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma and distant metastatic disease.

Results A total of four patients were identified. In all cases, patients were treated with a combination of surgical resection of the primary tumor and systemic immunotherapy. Three patients were initially treated with surgery at the primary site followed by immunotherapy for distant metastases. Response to immunotherapy at the sites of primary and metastatic disease was seen in two patients. All four patients developed progression or recurrence at the primary site following initiation of immunotherapy for which they underwent surgical resection. One patient remains in follow-up without evidence of disease 20 months after initial treatment; three succumbed to the disease at 135, 37, and 16 months after initial treatment.

Conclusion Surgical resection for local control plays a critically important role in the treatment of sinonasal mucosal melanoma regardless of the presence of metastases and whether immunotherapy will be given. This case series suggests that, though immunotherapy may demonstrate efficacy in managing distant disease, surgery should remain the first-line treatment for the primary site.
Using the Arcuate Eminence–Trigeminal Notch Line to Localize the Anterior Wall of the Internal Auditory Canal in a Subtemporal Approach: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Li Mengjun , Chen Ge , Liang Jiantao , Bao Yuhai , Li Mingchu , Ling Feng
Published: March 2020

Background This article aims to describe the regional anatomy of the anterior end of the arcuate eminence, the lateral end of the trigeminal notch, and the line connecting the two (i.e., the arcuate eminence–trigeminal notch line [ATL]) and to determine whether the ATL could be used as a landmark for localizing the internal auditory canal (IAC).

Methods Twenty sides of the middle cranial fossae were examined. The anterior end of the arcuate eminence, the lateral end of the trigeminal notch, the ATL, and other crucial structures were exposed. The relevant distance and angle of related structures in the anterior wall of the petrosal bone were measured.

Results The anterior end of the arcuate eminence and the lateral end of the trigeminal notch could be identified in all specimens. The anterior end of the arcuate eminence lay over the geniculate ganglia and the vestibule area, and could be visualized directly or determined from the intersection of the long axes of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and arcuate eminence. On the petrous ridge, the lateral end of the trigeminal notch was also the transitional point of the suprameatal tubercle and trigeminal notch. The ATL corresponded to the projection of the anterior wall of the IAC on the anterior surface of the petrous bone.

Conclusion The ATL corresponded to the projection of the anterior wall of the IAC on the anterior petrous surface and could be used as an alternative landmark for localizing the anterior wall of the IAC.
Resection of a Recurrent Cervicomedullary Junction Fibromyxoid Sarcoma through a Far Lateral Approach
Authors: Nguyen Vincent , Mangham William , Basma Jaafar , Khan Nickalus , Sorenson Jeffrey , Michael L. Madison
Published: March 2020

Objectives This study describes a far lateral approach for the resection of a recurrent fibromyxoid sarcoma involving the ventrolateral brainstem, with emphasis on the microsurgical anatomy and technique.

Design A far lateral craniotomy is performed in the lateral decubitus position and the transverse and sigmoid sinuses exposed. After opening the dura, sutures are placed to allow gentle mobilization of the sinuses. The recurrent tumor is immediately visible. The involved dura is resected and aggressive internal debulking is performed. Subarachnoid dissection gives access to the lower cranial nerves. The tumor is dissected off the affected portions of the brainstem. A dural graft is used to reconstitute the dura. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr. Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy.

Participants The senior author performed the surgery. The video was edited by Dr. V.N. chart review, and literature review were performed by Drs. W.M. and J.B.

Outcome measures Outcome was assessed with the extent of resection and postoperative neurological function.

Results A near gross total resection of the lesion was achieved. The patient developed a left vocal cord paresis, but her voice was improving at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion Understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the craniocervical junction and ventrolateral brainstem and meticulous microneurosurgical technique are necessary to achieve adequate resection of lesions involving the ventrolateral brainstem. The far lateral approach provides an adequate corridor to this region.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtube/uYEhgPbgrTs.
Emergency TREPP for Strangulated Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Zwols T.L.R. , Akkersdijk W.L. , Bökkerink W.J.V. , Andeweg C.S. , Pierie J.P.E.N. , Koning G.G.
Published: March 2020

Background Patients with strangulated inguinal hernia (SIH) require emergency surgical treatment. International guidelines do not specify the surgical technique of preference. Frequently, an open anterior approach such as the Lichtenstein technique is used.

The TransREctus sheath Pre-Peritoneal (TREPP) technique is an alternative, open posterior approach, which has shown promising results in the elective treatment of inguinal hernias. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the TREPP technique in the emergency setting of SIHs.

Materials and Methods After medical ethical approval was warranted, all consecutive patients, who underwent emergency TREPP (e-TREPP) at a high-volume hernia institute, were retrospectively included from 2006 up to and including 2016. Data retrieved from the electronic patient files were combined with the findings during a long-term outcome physical investigation at an outpatient department visit. e-TREPP was, prior to the start of the study, defined as TREPP performed immediately at the operation room.

Results Thirty-three patients underwent e-TREPP for SIH. Ten patients were clinically evaluated, ten patients were deceased, nine patients could not be contacted, and four patients did not or could not consent. Of the ten deceased patients, one patient died perioperatively due to massive aspiration followed by cardiac arrest. Nine patients died due to other causes. Two patients developed a recurrence after (after 13 days and 16 months respectively). Two patients were surgically treated for a wound infection (mesh removal in one). No patient reported chronic postoperative inguinal pain.

Conclusion e-TREPP in experienced hands seems feasible and safe (Level of Evidence 4) for the treatment of patients with strangulated inguinal hernia, with percentages of postoperative complications comparable to other techniques.
Extremely Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein and Glucose Level in a Neonate with Hypernatremic Dehydration
Authors: Maria Arti , Bandyopadhyay Tapas
Published: March 2020

We describe the case of a term newborn who presented with hypernatremic dehydration on day 19 of life. The baby was otherwise hemodynamically stable with no evidence of focal or asymmetric neurological signs. The laboratory tests at the time of admission were negative except for hypernatremia and the extremely elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein (717 mg/dL) and glucose levels (97 mg/dL). The hypernatremic dehydration was corrected as per the unit protocol over 48 hours. Repeat CSF analysis done after 5 days showed normalization of the protein and glucose levels. Serial follow-up and neuroimaging showed no evidence of neurological sequelae. Unique feature of our case is this is the first case reporting such an extreme elevation of CSF protein and glucose levels that have had no bearing on neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 month and 3 months of follow-up.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Children and Pregnant Women: An Updated Review of the Literature on Screening and Treatments
Authors: Ragusa Rosalia , Corsaro Liberato Simone , Frazzetto Evelise , Bertino Emanuele , Bellia Maria Alessandra , Bertino Gaetano
Published: March 2020

Objective The aim of the paper is to review the current information relating to the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in pregnant women and children, particularly those infected by mother-to-child transmission.

Study Design A review of published literature was performed to identify relevant articles published between January 2015 and March 2019 on: HCV infection in pregnant woman, mother-to child-transmission of HCV and HCV infection in pediatrics. The results of the evaluation of the different studies were summarized in two sections describing separately the screening and effective treatments in pregnant women and children.

Results The rate of mother-to-child transmission of HCV is approximately 5%. HCV infection is strongly associated with cholestasis and preterm birth. Prenatal diagnosis of hepatitis C virus has a dual benefit for mother and child. Perinatally infected children develop cirrhosis in earlier age than those who acquire HCV as adolescents. Pregnant women with cirrhosis have a higher risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes than those without cirrhosis.

Conclusion To improve public health, universal screening of pregnant women for HCV infection should be performed. Early identification of women and children with HCV infection is important to enable them to be included in assessment and/or treatment programs.
Nasally delivered VEGFD mimetics mitigate stroke-induced dendrite loss and brain damage
Authors: Mauceri Daniela , Buchthal Bettina , Hemstedt Thekla J. , Weiss Ursula , Klein Christian D. , Bading Hilmar
Published: March 2020

In the adult brain, vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD) is required for structural integrity of dendrites and cognitive abilities. Alterations of dendritic architectures are hallmarks of many neurologic disorders, including stroke-induced damage caused by toxic extrasynaptic NMDA receptor (eNMDAR) signaling. Here we show that stimulation of eNMDARs causes a rapid shutoff of
VEGFD
expression, leading to a dramatic loss of dendritic structures. Using the mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, we have established the therapeutic potential of recombinant mouse VEGFD delivered intraventricularly to preserve dendritic architecture, reduce stroke-induced brain damage, and facilitate functional recovery. An easy-to-use therapeutic intervention for stroke was developed that uses a new class of VEGFD-derived peptide mimetics and postinjury nose-to-brain delivery.
Mapping lecturer questions and their pedagogical goals in Spanish- andEnglish-medium instruction
Authors: Sánchez-García Davinia
Published: March 2020

This article explores the relationship between teacher questioning practices and pedagogical objectives in Spanish- and English-medium lectures. The results obtained from the analysis of 16 lectures delivered by the same two university teachers both in Spanish and English reveal that the use of questions could be exploited more effectively for pedagogical purposes. Consequently, this paper tries to raise teachers’ awareness of the role of questions upon their teaching and their students’ learning process.
Private sector’s approach model to community resilience
Authors: Oemar A M , Mukarnawati U A , Paramita W
Published: March 2020

Natural disaster that climate-related has been increased in the last decades, there were 281 events recorded and affected over 60 million people across the world in 2018 only. Vulnerable communities, who are the most impacted, deserve financial and technical support so they can build resilience. Tackling climate change and its impact needs a collaborative action, private sector is a suitable counterpart for government. Since, it has a strong capabilities in terms of capital, knowledge and influence. Solusi Bangun Indonesia (SBI) as cement industry, which allegedly one of the biggest CO2 emitters, is taking part of empowering their surrounding community to develop their ability in adapting to climate change. Commitment on climate change adaptation and mitigation have been incorporated in SBI’s sustainability strategy as an integral part of its business risk strategy. It approaches for community resilience is through empowering and education, from 2015 to 2018 approximately 2 million people benefitted. This approach aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 13 and UN Development Program for Climate Adaption.
Initiative evacuation routes for earthquake hazard in the active Opak fault (Sengon Village, Klaten, Central Java)
Authors: Mardiatno D , Faida L R W , Kusumasari B , Handayani T , Susanto D , Malawani M N , Erlangga R I
Published: March 2020

This research aimed to explain how the initiation process from the community reconstructs evacuation routes in high risk earthquake area. The study location took place in Sengon Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency. Sengon was located near Opak fault zone where experienced tremendous disaster in 2006. Since a decade, the mitigation infrastructure was very deficient. The community-based mitigation was not also available yet in this village. However, the community was highly potential to build disaster resilience since supports by the government. Route condition in Sengon was also greatly supportive to construct effective evacuation route. Based on identification and community planning, the evacuation route consisted of local road and tracking road. There were also found that eight places classified as secondary assembly shelters and two places classified as a primary evacuation shelter. The SWOT analysis was done for supporting the strategy to develop the evacuation infrastructure.