bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Galectin-3 Levels Associated with Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vijukumar Lakshmi , Renuka P , Vinodhini VM , Prabhu Karthiga J , Kumar Ashish , Singh Aryan Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication with significant health implications for both the mother and offspring. Galectin-3, a protein expressed in various cells, contributes to cellular and systemic insulin resistance and is secreted into extracellular fluid. However, the link between Galectin-3 and insulin resistance in the development of GDM has not been firmly established.

Aim: To estimate the circulating Galectin-3 levels in diagnosed GDM patients and compare them with those of healthy pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department (OPD) at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institue of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, from July 2023 to December 2023, including 40 pregnant women aged ≥18 years in each group. The parameters measured between both groups included the diabetic profile, lipid profile and Galectin-3 levels. The case group consisted of individuals diagnosed with GDM whose Oral Glucose Challenge Test (OGCT) value was ≥140 mg/dL, whereas the control group comprised pregnant women with OGCT values below 140 mg/dL {selected using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria}. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and Pearson Correlation were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (27.0).

Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.78±3.84 years in the GDM group and 26.88±3.89 years in the normal pregnancy group. The mean Galectin-3 levels were higher in GDM patients compared to normal pregnant women (4.84±0.75 ng/mL vs. 3.34±0.78 ng/mL; p<0.001). Additionally, GDM patients exhibited significant increases in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Triglycerides (TyG) index and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to normal pregnant women.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the presence of insulin resistance and elevated Galectin-3 levels in pregnancies affected by GDM but did not find a correlation between them.
Mutational Analysis of BRAFV600E by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khan Simran , Bhake Arvind
Published: January 2025

A major cause of cancer-related death for women globally is breast cancer, calling for molecular insights to better prognosis and treatment. One of the genetic changes that contributes to the constitutive activation of the MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and promoting carcinogenesis is the BRAFV600E mutation, which has been extensively studied in melanoma. BRAFV600E has been associated with aggressive forms of breast cancer, including Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), and worse clinical outcomes, despite its rarity. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods for analysing BRAFV600E mutations in breast cancer, specifically Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), are the main topic of this narrative review. The sensitivity and precision of different PCR techniques, such as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), qPCR and traditional PCR, in identifying this mutation vary. The review emphasises BRAFV600E potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker, particularly considering the poorer efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in treating breast cancer than melanoma. The available data, which mostly comes from non Indian populations, highlights the need for additional thorough studies in a variety of populations, including Indian women, to fully comprehend the clinical significance of the mutation.
Rifampicin-induced Stevens-Johnson Section Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Patel Bhaveshkumar Manilal , Kadam Mugdha Manaji , Shah Arti Dhawal , Chakravarti Chirag , Patel Virenkumar Jayendrakumar
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health issue, necessitating effective treatment regimens primarily involving antitubercular drugs. First-line antitubercular drugs are commonly used in combination with other medications to treat TB. These drugs are essential for the treatment of TB, a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, antitubercular drugs can lead to various skin reactions, which may range from mild to severe. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare and severe reaction characterised by extensive skin peeling and mucosal involvement. It can occur with any antitubercular drug but is more commonly associated with isoniazid and rifampicin. Rifampicin, an essential medication in the treatment of TB, is known for its efficacy but also for its potential to cause severe adverse reactions. The spectrum of skin reactions can vary widely, from benign rashes to Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs), like SJS. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to mitigate complications. Understanding these adverse effects is essential not only for immediate patient care but also for fostering long-term adherence to TB treatment, as fear of side effects can lead patients to abandon their regimens prematurely. Hereby, the authors present a rare case of a 55-year-old male who developed life-threatening skin reactions, including SJS, following the initiation of rifampicin therapy. Rapid recognition and intervention were critical, leading to the immediate discontinuation of rifampicin and the initiation of supportive care and corticosteroids. The patient was closely monitored, and his condition improved significantly over the following weeks, with gradual resolution of skin lesions and restoration of mucosal integrity.
Diagnostic and Surgical Challenges in Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Case Report
Authors: Manek Yogesh , Deshpande Swati , Tote Darshana , Jajoo Suhas , Sapkale Bhagyesh
Published: January 2025

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade cutaneous soft-tissue sarcoma that originates in the dermis and infiltrates deeper structures. It comprises less than one percent of all soft-tissue sarcomas and is histologically defined by their slow growth, localised invasiveness and a tendency to recur when not adequately excised. However, unlike other cancers, distant metastasis is relatively uncommon; the invasive nature of DFSP infiltration causes diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. DFSP can involve any area of the body; however, it predominantly favours the trunk and extremities. The mainstay of management is wide local excision, which should achieve negative margins, as inadequate margins have a propensity to recur. Recurrent cases require specific surgical management to balance oncological security with the management of their consequences. The presented case involves a 72-yearold man with recurrent DFSP, manifesting as a long-standing swelling of the left great toe that progressively increased over 10 years. Initially, conservative treatment was attempted, but the condition became symptomatic, leading to excision and a diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Changes (CGC) and liquefactive necrosis. Although the swelling was initially excised, it recurred after eight months and was treated by amputation due to its aggressive nature and the impossibility of definitive resection. Radical surgical re-intervention for wound dehiscence, which later reopened, was supplemented by Split-thickness Skin Grafting (SSG). In the management of recurrent soft-tissue tumours, early diagnosis and individualised treatment planning should be emphasised to maximise patient outcomes and minimise recurrence.
DEGENERATIVE CERVICAL MYELOPATHY MANAGEMENT WITH PANCHAKARMA THERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Doman Farheen A , Kulkarni Varsha
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive spinal disease characterized by spinal cord dysfunction and severe neurological symptoms such as paraesthesia, abnormal gait, decreased hand dexterity, and quadriparesis. The condition can significantly reduce the quality of life for affected individuals and lead to a high risk of neurological deterioration and complete dependency. This condition can be correlated with Kapha Avruta Vyana Vata, exhibiting clinical features such as Supti (numbness), gouravata (heaviness in the body), Todayuktavedana (pricking type of pain), and Kriyahani (loss of strength). Case History: A 45-year-old male patient presented with reduced strength in both bilateral lower and upper limbs, cervical pain radiating to the bilateral upper limbs, and low backache radiating to the bilateral lower limbs. These symptoms significantly impacted the patient's ability to perform daily activities, ultimately leading to the loss of his job. Results: The treatment approach involved Avaranahara Chikitsa with Agnilepa, followed by a Vatahara line of treatment that included Greeva, Katipichu, Sarvanga Abhyanga, and Matra Basti. Following this Panchakarma therapy, the patient showed notable improvements in strength, mobility, and pain levels. The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score improved from 8, indicating severe disability, to 18, indicating significant recovery, demonstrating the positive impact of the treatment. Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential effectiveness of Panchakarma therapy in managing DCM. Currently, no established guidelines outline the best management practices for patients with DCM, emphasising the importance of exploring alternative treatment approaches for this debilitating condition.
EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF KITIBHA KUSHTA WITH VIRECHANA THERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bangi Harika , Patil AS
Published: January 2025

The term "Kushta" in Ayurveda encompasses a broad spectrum of dermatological ailments, referred to as "Twak Vikaras". The symptoms associated with Kitibha Kushta, including Shyavam, Kinakarasparsha, and Parusha, exhibit resemblance to those of psoriasis and impact various bodily constituents such as Tridosha, Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, and Ambu. Notably, Twak Vikaras mainly manifest from Rakta Dusti, and for Raktaja Vikaras, Virechana is indicated as the Shodhana Karma. Case history: A 24-year-old female patient with no history of major health conditions developed reddish-brown, dry scaly skin lesions on her scalp that spread to other parts of her body. She experienced pain, discharge, severe itching, hair fall, premature greying of hair, reduced appetite, constipation, and disturbed sleep. These symptoms caused significant discomfort and affected her personal, social, and educational life. This case was treated with classical Virechana and Shamana Aushadhis. Result: Following the administered therapies, the patient has experienced satisfactory improvements. The lesions have completely resolved, with residual skin discoloration. This substantiates the notion that a combined approach involving Shodhana and Shamana Aushadhi leads to enhanced outcomes. Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatment in managing psoriasis. Currently, modern medical science employs treatments such as Psoralen and Ultraviolet therapy (PUVA) and steroid therapy, which can lead to serious side effects like liver and renal failure. However, these treatments also have a high recurrence rate. This underscores the importance of exploring alternative treatment approaches for this chronic condition.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF STENOSING TENOSYNOVITIS A VIS-À-VIS TRIGGER FINGER: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Doman Farheen A , Kulkarni Varsha
Published: January 2025

Background: Stenosing tenosynovitis, popularly known as trigger finger, is a clinical condition characterized by painful digit locking during flexion and extension. Trigger finger can develop from any activity that requires prolonged, forceful finger flexion, such as carrying shopping bags or prolonged writing. Once it starts hindering day-to-day activities, it can lead to complete hand deformity. This condition can be correlated to Snayugata Vata, which has clinical features like Stambha (stiffness), Kampa (tremors), Shoola (pain), and Snayu Sankoch (constriction of tendons/ligament). Case History: Three patients presented with painful locking of multiple fingers, tenderness at the metacarpophalangeal joint, and restrictions in performing daily activities. They consulted a local hospital and underwent a course of NSAIDs but did not feel much relief. They were further advised to undergo surgery, but the patients hesitated due to its invasive nature, higher cost, low success rate, and potential for recurrence. They sought Ayurvedic treatment as an alternative, which was planned for Taila dhara and Dashanga kumari upnaha for 7 days to reduce Shula, Shotha (inflamation), and Sthamba while strengthening Snayu. The severity of the condition was assessed using Quinnell’s grading system and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. Results: After treatment, a significant decrease in VAS scores and Quinnell’s triggering scores was observed, along with symptomatic relief, indicating successful treatment of trigger finger with Bahirparimarjana chikitsa.
MANAGEMENT OF GRADE II NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: . Rishabh , Yadav Sujata
Published: January 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases caused by the accumulation of extra fat (lipids) in the liver. In the majority of cases, this may go unnoticed and not result in any major consequences but may sometimes lead to liver damage. In Ayurveda, this can be termed as Yakrit vikar (~liver disorder) which is associated with Medoroga (~fat related disease). In the present case, a 58-Year-old female patient with symptoms of grade- II fatty liver disease visited Ayurvedic Hospital. Hematological analysis revealed deranged lipid profile, including total cholesterol (227.4 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein (139.0mg/dl) and triglycerides (166.0mg/dl). The patient was provided with Ayurveda treatment for forty-five days after obtaining written consent. Assessment was done based on signs and symptoms [like, Agnimandya (~digestive insufficiency), Udaradhmana (~abdominal distension), Aruchi (~anorexia), Apakti (~indigestion), Malavishtambha (~constipation), Shirashoola (~headache)] and hematological parameters and Ultrasound before and after treatment. Changes in the ultrasound were seen, along with improvements in the hematological parameters and clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. The present study suggested the comprehensive and safe approach of Ayurveda treatment in managing liver disease.
MANAGEMENT OF GUDA VIDRADI LEADING TO PARISRAVI BHAGANDARA (FISTULA-IN-ANO) BY BHEDANA KARMA FOLLOWED BY KSHARA SUTRA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Shailaja SV , Mattennanavar Chaitra A
Published: January 2025

Guda vidradhi (Anal abscess) is described by Acharya Sushruta under Antar vidradhi. Vidradhi remains as a localized painful condition, with all the features of Vrana shotha (inflammation) with severe pain, tendency of early suppuration. Guda vidradhi is co-related with anal abscess on the basis of symptom. A perianal abscess is an infection in a mucous- secreting gland in the anal canal around anus. Fistula-in-Ano is an epithelial-lined tract connecting the anal canal to perianal skin. Parisravi Bhagandara is a type of bhagandara told by Acharya Sushruta caused by predominance of kapha dosa. Parisravi Bhagandara is treated by Chitraka based kshara sutra, which is cost effective and requires less hospitalization. Ayurveda as well as modern science described same line of treatment in the presence of pus. Acharya Sushruta mentioned that Bhedana Karma at the most prominent part for evacuation of dosha. Kshara sutra procedure was carried out on 40 years old female patient suffering from Guda Vidradi leading to Parisravi Bhagandara. After the complete cut through of fistulous track and wound healing, there were no complaints of pus discharge or pain. Bhedana Karma followed by Chitraka based Kshara Sutra in management of Guda Vidradi leading to Parisravi Bhagandara has significant results when compared with contemporary sciences. Kshara sutra can be carried out in OPD’s, with less complications, minimal scar after healing and cost effective when compared with contemporary sciences.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE AND COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL PRESERVATION METHOD USING SAINDHAVA LAVANA AND SAMUDRA LAVANA WITH EXISTING FORMALDEHYDE ORGAN PRESERVATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: NB Tarun , SS Shanthala , Bharadwaj Anjali , BV Priyanka , Goud Kiran M
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Formaldehyde, a common preservative for specimens, causes various side effects. Salt, traditionally used to preserve food like meat, fish, and dairy, is cost-effective, widely available, and poses no health risks. Our study aimed to develop an alternative organ preservation method using Saindhava Lavana (Rock salt) and Samudra Lavana (Sea salt) instead of formaldehyde. Methodology: Seven fresh Goat Stomach and Liver specimens were selected, otherwise discarded from a meat shop. The specimens were observed based on assessment criteria and preserved in formalin, Saindhava Lavana (Rock salt), and Samudra Lavana (Sea salt) for 40 days. Salt-preserved jars were opened every 10 days, with batch-wise observations recorded. Specimens were tested for Colony-Forming Units (CFU) to detect microbial growth. After 40 days, cedarwood oil and resin were applied to preserve the specimens further. Observation and Results: Most specimens were preserved successfully, with no microbial growth observed in any sample, including the controls. Conclusion: Salt preservation, while slightly more costly, proves highly effective for preserving organs, particularly hollow ones like the Stomach, and when resin-coated, is suitable for display purposes.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ETHNOMEDICAL STUDY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF RAJAPATA (CYCLEA PELTATA)
Authors: N Pavithra , S Ravi Krishna , K Ranjana , Hebbar Chaitra
Published: January 2025

Dravya (Drug) is one among the chikitsa chatushpada (4 important treatment protocols). It is equally important for a physician to choose the right drug depending on the disease condition. In Ayurveda there is reference of n number of drugs, our Acharyas have given detailed description about it in various Ayurvedic classics, and there are millions of drugs yet to be discovered. Among the drugs which are presently available there is a need for discovery of its pharmacological action. Many researchers are being conducted and proved the effect, chemical constituents, mode of action, pharmacological actions and many other properties of a drug. Rajapata is one such drug on which many research works have been conducted and proved its action on various diseases. Reference about this is found in Ayurvedic classics. Here is an attempt made to put all the available information from Ayurvedic classics, research works conducted on Raja pata (Cyclea peltata) in a nutshell and to analyze the data and to draw the conclusion.
SOWBHAGYA CHUNDI LEGIYAM, A SIDDHA FORMULATION FOR THE HEALTH OF PUERPERAL WOMEN: A REVIEW
Authors: Varthini T. Anu Priya , Kowsalya M. , Hazel A.M. Amala , Sundaram M. Meenakshi
Published: January 2025

Siddha, the herbal-based medicinal system, is now well known throughout India, not just in Tamil Nadu. In India, Siddha encompasses the main medical specialties, including surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, obstetrics, geriatrics, and otolaryngology. Reproductive health issues, particularly in women, have gained more attention during the past few decades. There are two categories of issues unique to women’s reproductive systems. First, obstetric (maternal) morbidity refers to health issues that arise during pregnancy, delivery & puerperium. Second, gynecological morbidity, or conditions affecting non-pregnant women outside of the six-week puerperal period. The aim of the present study is to review Sowbhagya Chundi Legiyam, a Siddha formulation used for the wellbeing of women during their puerperal period. Siddha medicine indicates particular medications that are to be administered for a specific period of time as well as particular dietary plans for puerperal women. In this way, Chukku (Zingiber officinale) is the main component of the Siddha herbal remedy Sowbhagya Chundi Legiyam, which is mainly used during postpartum period. It helps to strengthen uterus, prevents diseases from improper management of postnatal care and is known to contain roughly 22 raw drugs. Here the Author explores the remarkable properties and benefits of Sowbhagya Chundi Legiyam, as it is a good herbal remedy in providing relief & support for women’s health. This review may act as a key role support for puerperal women.
PREVENTIVE POTENTIAL OF FINGER MILLET (RAGI ELEUSINE CORACANA L.) IN NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA AND LIFESTYLE DISEASES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Parikh Tanvi , Bansal Charu , Shukla Umesh , Zainab Saleha
Published: January 2025

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), commonly known as ragi, has been traditionally consumed in various regions, and its nutritional profile holds significant promise for combating nutritional anemia and lifestyle diseases. Rich in essential nutrients like iron, calcium, dietary fiber, and polyphenols, finger millet offers several health benefits. This review highlights its preventive potential against nutritional anemia, primarily due to its iron content, and its role in managing lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. The bioactive compounds in finger millet, such as antioxidants and phytochemicals, contribute to its anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects. Moreover, its low glycemic index aids in better blood sugar management, making it a suitable dietary option for diabetic patients. The review also discusses challenges related to bioavailability and processing methods that may affect nutrient retention. In conclusion, incorporating finger millet into diets could serve as a preventive strategy against nutritional anemia and various lifestyle diseases, promoting overall health and well-being.
A CLASSICAL REVIEW ON UTILITY OF SHATADHAUTA GHRITA IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISORDERS IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Peresypkin Pavel , Gandhi Aditi , A Poornima , P Shrikanth
Published: January 2025

Ayurvedic literature highlights the external use of Shatadhauta Ghrita and Sahasradhauta Ghrita in managing a wide range of disease conditions, particularly those associated with an imbalance of Pitta dosha. However, no comprehensive review has been conducted on it’s practical utility. This study aims to bridge that gap, offering valuable insights for physicians and researchers. The study draws from Brihattrayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya and Ashtanga Samgraha) along with supplementary medieval classical texts. Relevant published articles were reviewed through various search engines and databases like Google Scholar, Research Gate etc. Shatadhauta Ghrita, prepared with two methods, one involving heating and one without, is traditionally used not only as a standalone remedy, but also as a base for external formulations like lepa (paste). Research further supports it’s role as a permeation enhancer in topical drug delivery systems. This review confirms that Shatadhauta Ghrita is a simple yet effective Ayurvedic formulation, with applications across a wide range of pathological conditions. It can be easily incorporated into OPD and IPD settings by Ayurvedic practitioners, requiring minimal resources for preparation.
A REVIEW ON TRIMADA CHURNA: AN AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Authors: Kotak Bhargav , Mehta Mehul , Sud Sushant
Published: January 2025

Ayurvedic medicine, originating in India thousands of years ago, is considered the oldest medical system globally, known for its use of polyherbal drugs and formulations. Among its various dosage forms, Panchavidha kashaya kalpana (Fundamental or Basic preparations) stands out, with churna kalpana being a subsidiary of kalka kalpana (kalka bheda). Churna, a fundamental concept in ayurvedic pharmaceutics, is extensively utilized for medicinal purposes and the creation of other formulations. Ayurvedic texts provide detailed guidelines for the preparation and shelf life of these formulations. As the most basic and commonly recommended ayurvedic medicine, churna is easily prepared. Utilizing plants to improve gut health is a time-honoured practice in ayurveda, with Trimada churna being a well-known remedy for conditions like medovriddhi (obesity), agnimandya (weakened digestive fire), and ajeerna (indigestion).
EXPLORING THE MEDICINAL HERBS USED IN TOXICOLOGICAL PRACTICES FROM THE GARUDA PURANA: A REVIEW
Authors: B Sowparnika , Pushpan Reshmi
Published: January 2025

Garuda Purana is one of the eighteen Maha puranas in Hinduism, composed in Sanskrit and belonging to the tenth century CE. The presently available text is of three hundred and eighteen chapters. Amongst these a few chapters are exclusively dedicated to descriptions of health, various diseases and their symptoms, treatments, and a listing of medicinal herbs. Poisoning and its management form an important topic in Garuda Purana, wherein anti-toxic hymns, herbs, animal products, dietary recommendations, metals, minerals, and precious stones are recommended for their management. Treatment of poisoning is an emergency management and could be benefited if these single herbs were widely available and used. The objective of this project was to compile the single herbs or simple recipes for poisoning from Garuda Purana, understand and validate its pharmacological application with inputs from Ayurvedic lexicons, tribal claims, and contemporary research on these herbs. After critiquing the book, at least 30 herbs were found utilized as anti-toxic remedies of which fourteen were identified as being administered as single herb therapies in Visha chikitsa.
Geospatial Evaluation/Analysis of Effects of Climate Change Variabilities on Soil-Water-Plant Relationship in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: K. K. Okechi, , L. C. Orakwe, , C. P. Nwachukwu,
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the geospatial and statistical relationships between climate variability and soil water content across microregions in Southeast Nigeria, where cereal and yam crops are extensively cultivated. Climate parameters, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind characteristics, were analyzed to assess their impact on soil moisture—a critical factor for crop yield in this region. Descriptive statistics revealed considerable variation in rainfall and humidity across the study area, while maximum temperatures remained consistently high. Correlation analysis indicated that higher temperatures and solar radiation negatively correlate with soil water content, potentially increasing evapotranspiration and reducing available soil moisture essential for crop growth. Regression analysis further identified temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction as significant predictors of soil water content, explaining approximately 24.1% of its variability. ANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences in soil water content across the regions (Enugu, Awka, and Abakaliki), yet the spatial analysis underscored the influence of specific climate factors on soil moisture levels. This interaction is particularly relevant for yam and cereal production, as these crops are sensitive to soil moisture and temperature fluctuations. High temperatures and low humidity can exacerbate soil water deficits, potentially stunting crop growth and affecting yield stability. Unlike previous studies focused primarily on rainfall impacts, this study highlights temperature and radiation as critical influences on soil water dynamics, filling a knowledge gap in climate impact research specific to the Southeast Nigeria context. These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing irrigation and soil management practices, supporting sustainable crop production under changing climatic conditions.
AP2/ERF Transcription Factors in Crop Plants' Disease Resistance Response
Authors: Saxesena Ravi Ranjan , Yadav O.P. , Gaur L.B.
Published: January 2025

Biotic stresses include the infestation of crops by an array of pathogenic microbes like bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, and insect pests. Pathogenic microbes have always threatened crop plants and their produce. With the growing global population and changing environmental conditions, there is a need for crops that can tolerate stress. Over the years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the functional role of the major transcription factors (TFs) families in plant disease resistance.  Among the TFs, the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family members have emerged as pivotal regulators of plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. AP2/ERF transcription factors are key regulators of plant disease resistance, integrating pathogen signals to mediate salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) pathways, activate defense genes, enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and modulate cell wall defenses for effective immune responses. They influence immune responses by modulating hypersensitive reactions and serving as virulence targets for pathogen effectors.  By enhancing defense responses, AP2/ERF TFs contribute to developing genetically improved crops with increased resistance to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, thereby reducing crop losses and improving yield stability under disease pressure. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of AP2/ERF transcription factors in defense responses to microbial pathogens to plant disease resistance by acting downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. It also emphasizes recent developments and outlines future research directions to enhance disease resistance.
The Role of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Soft Tissue Remodelling via the PTEN and PI3K/AKT Pathway Following Wide Excision of Fibrosarcoma: A Review
Authors: Sentoso Joko Wibowo , Putra Agung , Alif Iffan , Nugroho Henky Agung
Published: January 2025

Fibrosarcoma is a neoplasm of fibroblast tissue with varying collagen production. Fibrosarcoma, an aggressive form of soft tissue cancer, is currently a major challenge in the field of oncology. Although its prevalence is relatively low compared to other cancers, fibrosarcoma's severity lies in its tendency to infiltrate and destroy healthy tissue quickly. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for fibrosarcoma. This procedure is critical to optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing surgical risks and complications. MSCs show positive results in the regeneration of fibrous tissue through their ability to differentiate into tenocytes or fibroblasts and their paracrines. MSCs also have effects that promote healing and tissue remodeling increases the synthesis of extracellular matrix components and restores tissue structure and function. MSCs also release products in the form of growth factors and cytokines modulate inflammatory responses, and stimulate endogenous, enhancing angiogenesis repair mechanisms. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs can increase the production of type I and type III collagen via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Furthermore, exosomes from adipose tissue-derived MSCs have been found to prevent scarring, suggesting that cell-free therapy may be an effective strategy. Due to the limited research on the effects of MSC on soft tissue remodelling wide excision of fibrosarcoma, the author initiated the creation of this review article. In this literature review, we summarize the latest research which aims to provide an overview of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerating fibrous tissue in soft tissue damage after wide excision of fibrosarcoma, so that in the future research can be carried out on this matter with the aim of minimizing complications after surgery.
Weighted Random Effects Multinomial Model with Application to Anaemia and Malnutrition Comorbidity among under Five Children in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu , Adeyemi Rasheed A. , Usman Abubakar , Adabara Nasiru U.
Published: January 2025

This study develops multinomial models with weighted random effects to analyze the spatial pattern and risk factors associated with anemia, malnutrition, and their co-occurrence among children under the age of five in Nigeria. A Bayesian hierarchical multinomial model with weighted random effects and adjusted Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive (ICAR) prior for the random effects, was used to account for the comorbid patterns of anemia and malnutrition among young children in Nigeria. The study utilized data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. The structured random effects were weighted to reflect state-level variation in precipitation, a climatic factor considered to influence child health outcomes. The results of fixed effects indicated that area of residence, maternal education level, and household wealth status were significant predictors of anemia and malnutrition co-occurrence. The generated map identified the north eastern region of the country with low average precipitation as a high-risk region for anemia and malnutrition co-morbidity. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to mitigate precipitation-related health risks and public health campaigns focusing on maternal education on child nutrition, hygiene, and disease prevention.
Mechanization Levels of Some Crops in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan
Authors: Yousif Lotfie A. , Dahab Mohamed. H. , Ahmed Shaker Babiker
Published: January 2025

Agricultural mechanization level means ratio between mechanical energy to total energy (sum of animal, human and mechanical energies) used in crop production. Crop production practices in the Gezira scheme depend on two energy sources, labor and machinery. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compare the level of mechanization for some selected crops in the Gezira scheme. The selected crops were cotton, wheat, groundnut, sorghum, pigeon pea, chickpea and onion. Data about production practices, from seedbed preparation to harvest, for these crops were collected from the farmers and engineers. Labor data included operated area, number of labors and daily working hours. Machinery data included machine type, work rate and fuel consumed. The collected data were entered into excel-sheets and energy was calculated using the standard procedures. The level of mechanization was calculated for two scenarios, the traditional and improved farming systems. The results showed that the level of mechanization in the traditional farming system varied from crop to another, it was 20.4, 25, 26.1, 41.8, 61.4, 80.6 and 96.7% for groundnuts, cotton, onion, pigeon pea, sorghum, chickpea and wheat crops, respectively. The results indicated that there are possibilities to improve level of mechanization by some interventions; this improves to groundnut, cotton, onion, pigeon pea, sorghum, chickpea and wheat will reach 69.1, 62.1, 54.9, 74, 98.7, 99.4 and 98.9%, respectively. However, this improvement requires additional fuel by 99.9, 82.4, 79.7, 74.3, 66.2, 24.2 and 40 l/ha for these crops, respectively. The study concluded that the level of mechanization is weak for some crops and there are opportunities for improvement. Conducting further comparison between the costs of manual and mechanized operations for these crops is recommended.
Catalogue of Insect Bio-Diversity in High Density Guava after Trash Mulching
Authors: P Yasodha, , Roseleen S. Sheeba Joyce , Sindhuja M.S. , Sivasakthi R.C. , Sneha R
Published: January 2025

Trash mulching in crops increases yield and conserve the insect biodiversity. An experiment on mulching with leaf litters was conducted in high density guava with an idea of conserving. The results showed more insect diversity in mulched than non-mulched trees. The insect species catalogued in the study were 9 herbivores and 24 natural enemies. A total of 33 insect species were thus catalogued. A new white grub species was first time documented in HDP guava from Tamil Nadu. The Shannon Index of the insect herbivores were 1.21 and 1.24 in mulched and non-mulched plot, respectively. The Simpson index of the insect herbivores was 0.64 and 0.65 in mulched and non-mulched plots, respectively. Higher species diversity of the insect predators was achieved with the shannon Index (0.23) and Simpson’s Index (0.04) in mulched trees. A total of 12 number of Trichogramma sp, wer also recorded. From the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus, parasitoids such as Acerophagus papayae, Pseudleptomastix mexicana , Prochiloneurus pulchellus  and Allotropa sp. were recorded.
An Evaluation of the Financial Performance of Indian Public Sector Banks with Special Reference to Capital Adequacy and Asset Quality
Authors: R Ashwath , G R Sachindra
Published: January 2025

Aims: This research focuses on two key dimensions of financial health: capital adequacy and asset quality. Capital adequacy, measured by Basel III norms, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Leverage Ratio (LR), is pivotal in assessing a bank’s resilience to financial shocks. Meanwhile, Asset Quality, indicated by metrics like Gross Non-Performing Assets (Gross NPA), Net NPA, and Total Investments to Total Assets (TITA), reflects a bank’s risk management capabilities and the strength of its loan portfolio. This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of selected PSBs in India from 2019 to 2024. Through a detailed analysis of capital adequacy and asset quality ratios, the research provides insights into the banks' adaptation to regulatory demands, the impact of non-performing assets on their capital buffers, and their overall financial soundness.
Study Design: The study employs quantitative methods.
Place and Duration of Study: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of selected Public Sector Banks in India from 2019 to 2024.
Methodology: The study evaluates the financial performance of five selected Public Sector Banks based on their Net Profit and employs quantitative methods using secondary data from annual reports of selected banks and Reserve Bank of India publications and money control.com.
Results: The analysis of Capital Adequacy and Asset Quality of Indian Public Sector Banks from 2019 to 2024 reveals a clear trajectory of improvement in both areas. Public sector banks have shown notable progress in bolstering their capital buffers, aligning with Basel III norms, and enhancing their capacity to absorb financial shocks. This has been evidenced by improvements in key ratios such as Basel III, Debt-to-equity ratio (DER), and Leverage Ratio (LR). Simultaneously, the significant decline in both Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) across all banks indicates better asset management, loan recovery, and provisioning strategies.
Impact of Global Warming on Nutritional Status: A Recent Perspectives
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba
Published: January 2025

Background: Global warming has a negative impact on various aspects, including on community diet. Indirectly, the impact of extreme hot weather compromise food crops grow increasing food availability and accessibility.
Target: Toddlers under five.
Objective: Analyse whether global warming impacts nutritional status of under five global wise.
Methods: This study uses SDGs indicator data related to stunting and global warming in the country. This study uses the ordinary least square (OLS) method in the same year or periodically.
Results: This study shows that global warming has a negative impact on stunting rates in the areas that are vulnerable to extreme weather, which will result in a food crisis.
Conclusion: Countries are needed to prevent global warming, through pro-environmental actions and mitigate side effect of climate change. Developing crop varieties that are resistant to climate change, such as drought or high temperatures, can be a solution to reduce the risk of crop failure. In addition, investment in irrigation infrastructure, efficient water management, and diversification of food sources can improve food security and minimize stunting risks.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Societal Implications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bothe Hemant , Chhajed Santosh , Bothe Santosh
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive review examines the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a growing global concern with profound societal implications. This article presents an overview of the causes of AMR, including the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary practices. Various conventional and advanced detection methodologies have been explored, highlighting the importance of the accurate and timely identification of resistant strains. The challenges associated with tackling AMR, encompassing scientific, economic, and regulatory aspects have been discussed in depth. In addition, this article sheds light on the far-reaching societal implications of AMR, including increased healthcare costs, treatment complexities, and potential disruptions to healthcare systems. This emphasizes the urgency of adopting proactive strategies to combat AMR and underscores the need for global cooperation, policy interventions and public awareness campaigns. By unraveling the multifaceted dimensions of AMR, this review aims to enhance our understanding, stimulate further research, and promote concerted efforts to mitigate the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Pollen Analysis of Elaeis guineensis-Dominated Honeys in Lower Casamance: Floral Diversity and Honey Typology
Authors: K Diatta , W Diatta , AI Mbaye , A Sarr , SIM Dieng , AD Fall
Published: January 2025

Background: A honey's pollen spectrum serves as an indicator for determining its place of origin in terms of vegetation resources. This data might be utilised to create pollen analytical standards, which would help certify honey. The melliferous plants are plant species on which the bee takes substances, including nectar, pollen and resin to feed and to develop its various products (honey, royal jelly...).
Aim: The aim of this study was carried out to contribute to melliferous plants in Casamance (Senegal) : pollen spectrum of honeys with Elaeis guineensis dominant.
Results: Pollen analysis of 14 samples of dominant Elaeis guineensis honey from Lower Casamance in the Ziguinchor region identified 25 plant taxa in 11 families foraging for bees. The species richness varied from 5 to 10 taxa per honey sample. The most representative families are Fabaceae with 7 species, followed by Malvaceae with 3 species, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Lamiaceae with 2 species and Avicenniaceae, Méliaceae, Asteraceae with 1 species. Pterocarpus erinaceus is present in 11 spectra including 7 spectra where it is isolated and in 3 spectra where it is isolated. It is the only taxon that is a companion pollen in 1 of the spectra. The most common taxa associated with Elaeis are Detarium senegalense, Daniellia oliveri and Myrtaceae.
Conclusion: The data reflects the floral situation of the place were particular honey was produced and the identification of geographical origin based on the presence of a combination of pollen types of that particular area.
Impact of Nano Urea and Zinc Foliar Applications on Growth and Yield Parameters of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa Chetki Across Two Seasons
Authors: Bharathi S. Divya , Kamalakannan S.
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted in the Orchard, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar during February to April 2024 and in a farmer’s field, Anthiyur, Erode during June to August 2024 in two seasons. It was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised with combinations of nano urea and zinc foliar applications along with a control. The results of the experiment revealed that the maximum values for pre- harvest observations viz., shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area; post- harvest observations like weight of shoot, weight of root, root: shoot ratio, length of root, grith of root, root yield plot-1, root yield hectare-1 and biochemical attributes like ascorbic acid and calcium content were recorded in the plots which received the application of basal RDF plus foliar spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea plus 0.1 per cent nano Zn. It was engrossing to observe that the nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and benefit cost ratio were also influenced the maximum by the same treatment. This was followed by the treatment which received the application of basal RDF plus foliar spray of 0.4 per cent nano urea plus 0.05 per cent nano Zn and the least values for all attributes was noted in control.
Technology Innovation: A Green Approach to Soil Health
Authors: Kehokhunu  , Sakhong Rinu , Jaiswal Priya , Yosung Lenmem , Shukla Yogendra Kumar , Kumari Suman
Published: January 2025

Soil is a critical factor in determining plant growth and development. With approximately 30% of Indian soils degraded, caused by excessive fertilizer use, monocropping, and climate change such as cyclones, floods, cloudbursts, and landslides, the nation faces a crucial task of reversing soil damage. Thus this paper, highlights the importance and the utility of diversifying nutrients through different organic manure production techniques (fermentation/ decomposition or composting process), use of mountain micro-organisms, weed manures, crop residues, oil cakes and bio-fertilizers. These organic sources not only improve soil fertility and soil productivity but also replenishes soil with nutrients. Additionally, practices like conservation tillage has a huge scope to reduce soil compaction and improves soil structure. Smart innovations including, soil remediation, bio inoculation of extremophiles, high-quality worm castings free of chemical additives, and genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) can be harassed and used effectively to reduce use of commercial fertilizers. Under rapid progressing water deficits and climate change, use of hydrogels and cultivation of Fonio, a nutritious gluten-free grain can serve as an alternative to combat drought and retain water.  The potential of new innovative technology along with precision agriculture and A. I can aid soil health. Low-cost technology, coupled with a reliable mobile app that provides AI-based agricultural information and collaboration with various agencies, can significantly boost the economy of small-scale farmers. It can reduce crop health issues, minimize post-harvest losses, improve farmers' income, enhance resource use efficiency, and promote balanced nutrient application, which in turn can help to mitigate the diverse effects on soil.
ICH and E-Commerce: Bridging Tradition and Modernity in Cultural and Creative Products
Authors: Wanju Tong , Zijuan Wang , Yijie Tu
Published: January 2025

The development of intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products is an important channel for revitalizing intangible cultural heritage, and the e-commerce platform is a good way to promote and disseminate intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products. Through literature research and online research, this study analyzes the current situation, innovative changes, and value effects of intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products development, and explores the dilemmas and challenges faced by intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products development. This paper proposes the "intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products + e-commerce" mode, which provides reference for stimulating the creativity of intangible cultural heritage cultural and creative products development and effectively promoting the revitalization of intangible cultural heritage, so as further deepens the innovation protection and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage.