bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strangulated small bowel obstruction complicating totally extra-peritoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Mohammed , Bayfield Nicholas , Neelankavil Shelbin
Published: February 2020

Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a surgical method of inguinal hernia repair that avoids entry into the peritoneum, thus significantly reducing likelihood of intra-peritoneal complications. Herein, we describe a rare case in which a 42-year-old man presented with acutely strangulated small bowel in an internal hernia through the peritoneum and posterior rectus sheath 6 days postelective TEP laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. He presented with acute onset severe abdominal pain and intractable vomiting. After CT diagnosis, emergent laparotomy was performed, and 20 cm of non-viable small bowel required resection, with enteric anastomosis. The peritoneal defect was identified and repaired. The patient was discharged 4 days postoperatively with an uneventful postoperative course.
Susac’s syndrome: an update
Authors: Sauma Johanna , Rivera Daniela , Wu Andres , Donate-Lopez Juan , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Chilov Michael , Wu Max , Wu Lihteh
Published: February 2020

Susac’s syndrome (SS) is a relatively rare cause of multiple recurrent branch retinal arterial occlusions (BRAO). SS is frequently misdiagnosed and probably underdiagnosed. Ophthalmic manifestations may be the sole presenting sign of SS. Comprehensive literature review The typical triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and multiple recurrent BRAO is seldom seen at presentation in SS. The characteristic ophthalmological feature in SS is the presence of recurrent multiple BRAO in the absence of intraocular inflammation. Yellow to yellow-white, non-refractile or refractile retinal arterial wall plaques (Gass plaques) found at midarteriolar segments not associated to bifurcations are commonly found in SS. Because of its ability to capture more peripheral retinal area, ultrawide field fluorescein angiography (FA) has definite advantages over conventional FA and its use should be encouraged in patients suspected of having SS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), particularly spectral domain OCT complements FA. Patients with BRAO and hearing loss that do not develop encephalopathy during the initial 2 years will most likely not develop encephalopathy. However, these patients will be prone to recurrent BRAO and hearing loss. Imunosuppression is the cornerstone of treatment but the best regimen still needs to be defined. A minority of patients with SS present with the typical triad. A high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to delay disease progression and prevent blindness, deafness and dementia.
Hidden curriculum within nutrition education in medical schools
Authors: Martin Stephen , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Douglas Kirsty , Ball Lauren
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Previous attempts to enhance medical nutrition education have typically focussed on students’ acquiring nutrition knowledge or skills. Given that medical training uses an apprenticeship model of training, surprisingly few studies have explored the ‘hidden curriculum’ that students experience regarding expectations of behaviour, roles and responsibilities regarding nutrition. This study explored medical students’ perceptions and experiences regarding medical nutrition education, focussing on the context in which nutrition teaching has been provided, the presented place of nutrition within medicine and their subsequent views on their role in providing nutrition care.

Methods

Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 postgraduate medical students at different stages of their medical degree in Australia. The interviews were conducted using case studies followed by interview questions. Data were audio recorded, transcribed, coded and then underwent inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were discovered (i)Valuing nutrition in the medical management of patientswhereby students perceived nutrition to be a foundational and central component of ideal medical management for patients, particularly those with chronic disease; (ii)Fluctuating emphasis on nutritionwhich showed that students experienced diversity in the importance placed on nutrition by others and (iii)Working with otherswhereby students expressed their understanding of their role in nutrition and the roles of team members such as dietitians.

Conclusion

To enhance medical nutrition education, consideration needs to extend beyond counting dedicated teaching hours and mapping nutrition content, to a more contextual understanding of the situated learning that occurs for medical students.
Chronic disease management models in nursing homes: a scoping review
Authors: Boscart Veronique , Crutchlow Lauren E , Sheiban Taucar Linda , Johnson Keia , Heyer Michelle , Davey Meaghan , Costa Andrew P , Heckman George
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Nursing home (NH) residents experience a high burden of chronic disease. Chronic disease management (CDM) can be a challenge, as the context of care provision and the way care is provided impact care delivery. This scoping review aimed to identify types of chronic diseases studied in intervention studies in NHs, influential contextual factors addressed by interventions and future CDM research considerations.

Design

The scoping review followed guidelines by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien (2010). Six reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer.

Data sources

We searched four databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus, in March 2018.

Eligibility criteria

Studies were included if (1) aim of intervention was to improve CDM, (2) intervention incorporated the chronic care model (CCM), (3) included NH residents, (4) analysed the efficacy of the intervention and (5) sample included adults over age 65 years. Studies were limited to English or French language and to those published after 1996, when the CCM was first conceptualised.

Data extraction and synthesis

Extracted information included the type of chronic disease, the type and number of CCM model components used in the intervention, the method of delivery of the intervention, and outcomes.

Results

On completion of the review of 11 917 citations, 13 studies were included. Most interventions targeted residents living with dementia. There was significant heterogeneity noted among designs, outcomes, and type and complexity of intervention components. There was little evaluation of the sustainability of interventions, including feasibility.

Conclusions

Research was heavily focused on management of dementia. The most commonly included CCM components were multidisciplinary care, evidence-based care, coordinated care and clinical information systems. Future research should include subjective and objective outcomes, which are meaningful for NH residents, for common chronic diseases.
Time series analysis of total and direct associations between high temperatures and preterm births in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Gronlund Carina J , Yang Alyssa J , Conlon Kathryn C , Bergmans Rachel S , Le Hien Q , Batterman Stuart A , Wahl Robert L , Cameron Lorraine , O'Neill Marie S
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Preterm births (PTBs) represent significant health risks, and several studies have found associations between high outdoor temperatures and PTB. We estimated both the total and natural direct effects (independent of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide air pollutants) of the prior 2-day mean apparent temperature (AT) on PTB. We evaluated effect modification by maternal age, race, education, smoking status and prenatal care.

Design and setting

We obtained birth records and meteorological data for the Detroit, Michigan, USA area, for the warm months (May to September), 1991 to 2001. We used a time series Poisson regression with splines of AT, wind speed, solar radiation and citywide average precipitation to estimate total effects. To accommodate multiple mediators and exposure-mediator interactions, AT inverse odds weights, predicted by meteorological and air pollutant covariates, were added in a subsequent model to estimate direct effects.

Results

At 24.9°C relative to 18.6°C, 10.6% (95% CI: 3.8% to 17.2%) of PTBs were attributable to the total effects of AT, and 10.4% (95% CI: 2.2% to 17.5%) to direct effects. Relative excess risks of interaction indicated that the risk of PTB with increasing temperature above 18.6°C was significantly lower among black mothers and higher among mothers less than 19, older than 30, with late or no prenatal care and who smoked.

Conclusion

This additional evidence of a direct association between high temperature and PTB may motivate public health interventions to reduce extreme heat exposures among pregnant women, particularly among those who may have enhanced vulnerability.
Benefits and harms of high-dose haemodiafiltration versus high-flux haemodialysis: the comparison of high-dose haemodiafiltration with high-flux haemodialysis (CONVINCE) trial protocol
Authors: Blankestijn Peter J , Fischer Kathrin I , Barth Claudia , Cromm Krister , Canaud Bernard , Davenport Andrew , Grobbee Diederick E , Hegbrant Jörgen , Roes Kit C , Rose Matthias , Strippoli Giovanni FM , Vernooij Robin WM , Woodward Mark , de Wit G Ardine , Bots Michiel L
Published: February 2020

Introduction

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a major public health problem affecting more than 2 million people worldwide. It is one of the most severe chronic non-communicable diseases. Haemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapeutic option but is also associated with a risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalisation and suboptimal quality of life. Over the past decades, haemodiafiltration (HDF) has become available. Although high-dose HDF has shown some promising survival advantage compared to conventional HD, the evidence remains controversial. A Cochrane systematic review found, in low-quality trials, with various convective forms of dialysis, a reduction in cardiovascular, but not all-cause mortality and the effects on non-fatal cardiovascular events and hospitalisation were uncertain. In contrast, an individual patient data analysis suggested that high-dose HDF reduced both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to HD. In view of these discrepant results, a definitive trial is required to determine whether high-dose HDF is preferable to high-flux HD. The comparison of high-dose HDF with high-flux HD (CONVINCE) study will assess the benefits and harms of high-dose HDF versus a conventional high-flux HD in adults with ESKD.

Methods and analysis

This international, prospective, open label, randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 1800 ESKD adults treated with HD in nine European countries. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to high-dose HDF versus continuation of conventional high-flux HD. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality at 3 years’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular events, all-cause and infection-related hospitalisations, patient-reported outcomes (eg, health-related quality of life) and cost-effectiveness.

Ethics and dissemination

The CONVINCE study will address the question of benefits and harms of high-dose HDF compared to high-flux HD for kidney replacement therapy in patients with ESKD with a focus on survival, patient perspectives and cost-effectiveness.

Trial registration number

Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR 7138).
Tuberculosis among patients treated with TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis in Slovenia: a cohort study
Authors: Rotar Ziga , Svetina Petra , Tomsic Matija , Hočevar Alojzija , Prapotnik Sonja
Published: February 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with any of the commercially available tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in Slovenia.

Design

This is a cohort, registry (biorx.si) cross-linked with the Slovenian National TB Registry.

Setting

National, involving all Slovenian rheumatology centres (six secondary and two secondary/tertiary).

Participants

2429 patients with RA, AS or PsA exposed to at least one TNFi participated in the study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measures were age-adjusted and sex-adjusted TB incidence rates (IRs) and the standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) compared with the general population exploring different TNFi exposure windows. The secondary outcome measures were a detailed characterisation of the national latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and TB chemoprophylaxis protocol implementation.

Results

Among the 2429 patients exposed to at least one TNFi for a total of 10 445 (49% RA, 33% AS and 18% PsA) person-years (PY), 99% completed LTBI screening and 6% required TB chemoprophylaxis. Six RA (three adalimumab, three certolizumab), two PsA (two golimumab) and zero AS patients developed TB. Five out of eight had miliary TB, three out of eight had pulmonary TB and two patients died. The age-standardised and sex-standardised TB IR (95% CI) per 100 000 PYs/SIRs (95% CI) compared with the general Slovenian population for the current TNFi exposure were 52 (0 to 110)/6.7 (0.6 to 80), 47 (0 to 110)/6.1 (0.3 to 105), 45 (0 to 109)/5.8 (0.3 to 112) overall, in RA and PsA, respectively.

Conclusions

The TB IR in the Slovenian patients with RA, AS and PsA treated with TNFi was comparable with TB IRs in TB non-endemic countries with less than a tenth of the patients requiring TB chemoprophylaxis.
NET-02 trial protocol: a multicentre, randomised, parallel group, open-label, phase II, single-stage selection trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid or docetaxel as second-line therapy in patients with progressive poorly differentiated extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC)
Authors: Craig Zoe , Swain Jayne , Batman Emma , Wadsley Jonathan , Reed Nicholas , Faluyi Olusola , Cave Judith , Sharma Rohini , Chau Ian , Wall Lucy , Lamarca Angela , Hubner R , Mansoor Wasat , Sarker Debashis , Meyer Tim , Cairns David A , Howard Helen , Valle Juan W , McNamara Mairéad G
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Poorly differentiated (PD), extrapulmonary (EP), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare but aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms. First-line treatment for advanced disease is an etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy combination. There is no established second-line treatment for patients with PD-EP-NEC, and this is an area of unmet need.

Methods and analysis

NET-02 is a UK, multicentre, randomised (1:1), parallel group, open-label, phase II, single-stage selection trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid or docetaxel as second-line therapy in patients with progressive PD-EP-NEC. One hundred and two eligible participants will be randomised to receive either nal-IRI/5-FU/folinic acid or docetaxel. The primary objective is to determine the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate. The secondary objectives of this study are to determine PFS, overall survival, objective response rate, toxicity, quality of life and whether neuron-specific enolase is predictive of treatment response. If either treatment is found to have a 6-month PFS rate of at least 25%, that treatment will be considered for a phase III trial. If both treatments meet this target, prespecified selection criteria will be applied to establish which treatment to take forward.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has ethical approval from the Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (reference no. 18/NW/0031) and clinical trial authorisation from the Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and uploaded to the European Union Clinical Trials Register.

Trial registration numbers

ISRCTN10996604,NCT03837977, EudraCT Number: 2017-002453-11
Social media and mobile health technology for cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ruco Arlinda , Dossa Fahima , Tinmouth Jill , Llovet Diego , Kishibe Teruko , Baxter Nancy N
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally and many jurisdictions have developed population-based cancer screening programmes to reduce the public health burden of disease. However, screening participation remains suboptimal. Social media and other mobile health (mHealth) technologies are increasingly being used for health promotion and behaviour change. This paper reports on the protocol for a systematic review exploring the effect of social media and other mHealth interventions on cancer screening participation and intention.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist. We will include any randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies with a pre/post design conducted in adults ≥18 years of age that report on the effectiveness of a social media or mHealth intervention on screening participation or intention (inclusive of breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer). Interventions will be inclusive of those delivered online or through a computer using an established social media platform or a new purpose-built platform, or those delivered through cellphones or other wireless technologies. Any comparator will be acceptable (control group, alternate intervention or pre/post design). We will search Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication and Mass Media Complete from 1 January 2000 to 31 May 2019. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles with conflicts resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer, as needed. The two reviewers will also independently complete risk of bias assessments for each included study. We will report on the characteristics of the studies, participants and interventions in descriptive narrative form and report the absolute and relative differences in screening and intention attributable to social media and mobile technology interventions.

Ethics and dissemination

As this is a systematic review, ethical approval for conduct of this study is not required. We will pursue publication of study results in a relevant peer-reviewed journal and report our findings according to the PRISMA checklist.

Trial registration number

CRD42019139615.
Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data
Authors: Valik John Karlsson , Ward Logan , Tanushi Hideyuki , Müllersdorf Kajsa , Ternhag Anders , Aufwerber Ewa , Färnert Anna , Johansson Anders F , Mogensen Mads Lause , Pickering Brian , Dalianis Hercules , Henriksson Aron , Herasevich Vitaly , Nauclér Pontus
Published: February 2020

Background

Surveillance of sepsis incidence is important for directing resources and evaluating quality-of-care interventions. The aim was to develop and validate a fully-automated Sepsis-3 based surveillance system in non-intensive care wards using electronic health record (EHR) data, and demonstrate utility by determining the burden of hospital-onset sepsis and variations between wards.

Methods

A rule-based algorithm was developed using EHR data from a cohort of all adult patients admitted at an academic centre between July 2012 and December 2013. Time in intensive care units was censored. To validate algorithm performance, a stratified random sample of 1000 hospital admissions (674 with and 326 without suspected infection) was classified according to the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria (suspected infection defined as having any culture taken and at least two doses of antimicrobials administered, and an increase in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score by>2 points) and the likelihood of infection by physician medical record review.

Results

In total 82 653 hospital admissions were included. The Sepsis-3 clinical criteria determined by physician review were met in 343 of 1000 episodes. Among them, 313 (91%) had possible, probable or definite infection. Based on this reference, the algorithm achieved sensitivity 0.887 (95% CI: 0.799 to 0.964), specificity 0.985 (95% CI: 0.978 to 0.991), positive predictive value 0.881 (95% CI: 0.833 to 0.926) and negative predictive value 0.986 (95% CI: 0.973 to 0.996). When applied to the total cohort taking into account the sampling proportions of those with and without suspected infection, the algorithm identified 8599 (10.4%) sepsis episodes. The burden of hospital-onset sepsis (>48 hour after admission) and related in-hospital mortality varied between wards.

Conclusions

A fully-automated Sepsis-3 based surveillance algorithm using EHR data performed well compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards, and exposed variations in hospital-onset sepsis incidence between wards.
Decolonising ideas of healing in medical education
Authors: Lokugamage Amali U , Ahillan Tharanika , Pathberiya S D C
Published: February 2020

The legacy of colonial rule has permeated into all aspects of life and contributed to healthcare inequity. In response to the increased interest in social justice, medical educators are thinking of ways to decolonise education and produce doctors who can meet the complex needs of diverse populations. This paper aims to explore decolonising ideas of healing within medical education following recent events including the University College London Medical School’s Decolonising the Medical Curriculum public engagement event, theWellcome Collection’s Ayurvedic Man: Encounters with Indian Medicine exhibition and its symposium on Decolonising Health, SOAS University of London’s Applying a Decolonial Lens to Research Structures, Norms and Practices in Higher Education Institutions and University College London Anthropology Department’s Flourishing Diversity Series. We investigate implications of ‘recentring’ displaced indigenous healing systems,medical pluralismand highlight the concept ofcultural humilityin medical training, which while challenging, may benefit patients. From a global health perspective, climate change debates and associated civil protests around the issues resonate with indigenous ideas ofplanetary health, which focus on the harmonious interconnection of the planet, the environment and human beings. Finally, we look further at its implications in clinical practice, addressing the background of inequality in healthcare among the BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) populations, intersectionality and an increasing recognition of the role of inter-generational trauma originating from the legacy of slavery. By analysing these theories and conversations that challenge the biomedical view of health, we conclude that encouraging healthcare educators and professionals to adopt a ‘decolonising attitude’ can address the complex power imbalances in health and further improve person-centred care.
New perspectives on secretory structures inClusia(Clusiaceae – Clusiod clade): production of latex or resins?
Authors: Alencar Ana Cláudia , Tölke Elisabeth Dantas , Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio
Published: February 2020

The Clusioid clade is quite diverse, encompassing the five families Clusiaceae, Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. However, its members have important synapomorphies, such as the presence of xanthones, polyisoprenylated benzophenones, and quinones, as well as schizogenous secretory ducts and cavities, and tenuinucellate ovules. Owing to the milky appearance of the exudate present in ducts of these families (except Bonnetiaceae), many authors have referred to this secretion as latex, while others have preferred to use the term resin. Faced with this confusion about the description of the exudate present in Clusiaceae, the aim of this study was to identify which classes of substances are being produced by those structures in the genus Clusia, compared with other members of Clusiaceae and the Clusioid clade in general. Furthermore, we describe the structure and distribution of the secretory ducts in species of Clusia, as well as a detailed histochemical study. These secretory ducts secrete an exudate of variable composition, but predominantly terpenic. We conclude that Clusia, as well as some representatives of the Clusioid clade, do not have latex but resiniferous secretory ducts.
Supermatrix analyses and molecular clock rooting of Fabales: Exploring the effects of outgroup choice and long branch attraction on topology
Authors: Aygoren Uluer Deniz , Forest Félix , Hawkins Julie A.
Published: February 2020

Fabales is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order that consists of four families: Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Polygalaceae, Surianaceae, and Quillajaceae. Despite the great interest in this group, a convincing phylogeny of the order is still not available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explicitly test for possible long branch attraction (LBA) problems within Fabales for the first time, and determine whether low tree stemminess and unequal branch lengths could worsen this problem. Supermatrix analysis of Fabales was carried out using previously published plastid matK, trnL, rbcL, and newly sequenced nuclear sqd1 regions for 678 taxa in total, including 43 outgroup taxa from families of Fabidae. We employed additional analyses, such as simulations, network analyses, sampling different outgroup taxa (random or real), removing fast evolving sites and fast evolving taxa, and molecular clock rooting, to identify both LBA and (or) rooting problems. These analyses clearly show that the Fabales phylogeny has been influenced by the sampling of outgroup taxa, but not LBA. However, network analyses show that even though it is weak, there is a consistent phylogenetic signal among the rapidly radiated Fabales families, which can be traced by further analyses. While, molecular clock rooting analysis yielded a (Leguminosae(Polygalaceae(Surianaceae+Quillajaceae))) topology with strong support for the first time here, supermatrix analyses yielded a ((Leguminosae+Polygalaceae)(Surianaceae+Quillajaceae)) with low-moderate support.
Genome-wide analysis of a putative lipid transfer protein LTP_2 gene family reveals CsLTP_2 genes involved in response of cucumber against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Qingrong , Cheng Chunyan , Zhang Kaijing , Lou Qunfeng , Li Ji , Chen Jinfeng
Published: February 2020

Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small basic proteins that play important roles in the regulation of various plant biological processes as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, knowledge is limited on how this family of proteins is regulated in response to nematode infection in cucumber. In the present study, a total of 39 CsLTP_2 genes were identified by querying databases for cucumber-specific LTP_2 using a Hidden Markov Model approach and manual curation. The family has a five-cysteine motif (5CM) with the basic form CC-Xn-CXC-Xn-C, which differentiates it from typical nsLTPs. The members of CsLTP_2 were grouped into six families according to their structure and their phylogenetic relationships. Expression data of CsLTP_2 genes in 10 cucumber tissues indicated that they were tissue-specific genes. Two genes showed significant expression change in roots of resistant and susceptible lines during nematode infection, indicating their involvement in response to Meloidogyne incognita. This systematic analysis provides a foundation of knowledge for future studies of the biological roles of CsLTP_2 genes in cucumber in response to nematode infection and may help in the efforts to improve M. incognita-resistance breeding in cucumber.
Cut-and-join structure and integrability for spin Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Mironov A. , Morozov A. , Natanzon S.
Published: February 2020

Spin Hurwitz numbers are related to characters of the Sergeev group, which are the expansion coefficients of theQSchur functions, depending on odd times and on a subset of all Young diagrams. These characters involve two dual subsets: the odd partitions (OP) and the strict partitions (SP). TheQSchur functions$$Q_R$$QRwith$$R\in \hbox {SP}$$R∈SPare common eigenfunctions of cut-and-join operators$$W_\Delta $$WΔwith$$\Delta \in \hbox {OP}$$Δ∈OP. The eigenvalues of these operators are the generalized Sergeev characters, their algebra is isomorphic to the algebra ofQSchur functions. Similarly to the case of the ordinary Hurwitz numbers, the generating function of spin Hurwitz numbers is a$$\tau $$τ-function of an integrable hierarchy, that is, of the BKP type. At last, we discuss relations of the Sergeev characters with matrix models.
Unitary propagators for N-body Schrödinger equations in external field
Authors: Yajima Kenji
Published: February 2020

We report our recent results on the existence and uniqueness of unitary propagators for [Formula: see text]-particle Schrödinger equations which may be applied to most interesting problems in physics.
Non-adiabatic gravitational collapse in f(R,T) gravity with Karmarkar condition for anisotropic fluid
Authors: Ahmed Riaz , Abbas G.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we have used the Karmarkar condition to the spherically symmetric non-static radiating star experiencing dissipative gravitational collapse with a heat flux in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, (where [Formula: see text] is Ricci scalar which replaces Lagrangian density and [Formula: see text] is the trace of energy–momentum tensor). To obtain the ultimate results of the gravitational field equations in [Formula: see text] scenario, we take a linear form of the function as [Formula: see text]. In this connection, the Karmarkar condition along with boundary condition generates a model of radiating star and enables us to completely indicate the spatial presence of gravitational potentials. Vadiya’s exterior solution across a time-like hypersurface is smoothly matched to the interior solution which allows to study the physical conduct of our model under consideration. Furthermore, we have analyzed the energy conditions of radiating star in [Formula: see text] gravity and analyzed the physical behavior of thermodynamics parameters which provide a detailed discussion of the model. For coupling parameter [Formula: see text], we successfully obtain the standard results of General Relativity.
The impact of the electric field on superconductivity in the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory
Authors: Karchev N. , Vetsov T.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we address the impact of the electric field on superconductors which are insulators in the normal state, semiconductors at low carrier concentration and ultracold gas of fermions in the strongly interacting regime. The electric field penetrates these systems and effects on the Cooper pairs. We show that if there are Cooper pairs above the superconductor critical temperature, the electric field forces the Cooper pairs to Bose condensate and the onset of the superconductivity, thereby increasing the critical temperature. To study this phenomenon, we numerically solve the Maxwell equations for [Formula: see text]-wave superconductors obtained from the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory. Our investigation designs an experimental way for verification of the pairing of Fermions preceding superconductivity and superfluidity.
First-excited-state energy of hydrogenic impurity bound polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot in an electric field
Authors: Chen Shi-Hua
Published: February 2020

The first-excited-state (ES) binding energy of hydrogenic impurity bound polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot (QD) is obtained by constructing a variational wavefunction under the action of a uniform external electric field. As for a comparison, the ground-state (GS) binding energy of the system is also included. We apply numerical calculations to KBr QD with stronger electron–phonon (E–P) interaction in which the new variational wavefunction is adopted. We analyzed specifically the effects of electric field and the effects of both the position of the impurity and confinement lengths in the xy-plane and the [Formula: see text] direction on the ground and the first-ES binding energies (BEs). The results show that the selected trial wavefunction in the ES is appropriate and effective for the current research system.
New viewpoint about the persistent luminescence mechanism of Mn2+/Eu3+ co-doped Zn2GeO4
Authors: Wang Zhou , Tang Zhiting , Peng Xueling , Xia Chuanhui , Wang Feng
Published: February 2020

In this work, Mn[Formula: see text]Eu[Formula: see text] co-doped Zn2GeO4 (Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text] was prepared by high-temperature solid phase method. Compared with common fluorescent materials Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text], Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text] could not only emit strong green fluorescence of 535 nm, but also maintain excellent persistent luminescence performance. Through Density Functional Theory calculation, we obtained the fine band structure of Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text]. The results of the band structure were consistent with the experimental spectral data. On this basis, we proposed a new luminescence mechanism model of Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text] to explain the phenomena observed in experiment reasonably, though which was not completely consistent with previous works. When Zn2GeO4:Mn[Formula: see text] was excited, electron–hole separation occurred in the valence band (VB), and the electron transitioned to the conduction band (CB) directly. Through CB, the electron was trapped by trap levels (7F[Formula: see text]F5 of Eu[Formula: see text] and maintained metastable for a long time. Under the action of thermal stimulation, electron returned to CB from the trap level slowly. The electron was captured again by the 4T2(D) level of Mn[Formula: see text]. Then the electron transitioned down toward VB and recombined with the previous hole and emitted a photon with 535 nm (afterglow). The samples were being irradiated, trap levels accommodated the excited electrons to saturation. More electrons excited into the CB could not be captured by the trap levels any more. They were captured directly by the 4T2(D) and transitioned directly to VB, then emitted green fluorescence.
Stationary solution of semi-discrete traffic flow model on a ring road with slopes
Authors: Wu Chun-Xiu
Published: February 2020

The traffic bottleneck effects are investigated on a ring road with up- and down-slopes to the semi-discrete model under the Lagrange coordinate. The kinetic wave theory is applied to discuss all types of stationary solutions for a small relaxation time. Moreover, the analytical formulas of the queuing lengths before bottlenecks and the critical densities of the saturated flux are derived. The stability of the stationary solution on every road section under different mass increments is discussed. The relation between the slope gradient and saturated flux platform is also obtained. The numerical simulation reproduces many complex nonlinear phenomena, such as the steady-state flow, oscillatory congested traffic and saturated flux platform. This study helps to explain the empirical features on inhomogeneous roads in the real-world traffic.
Theoretical and simulation study in defective semiconductor layer that incorporated with superconducting-dielectric photonic crystal
Authors: Aly Arafa H. , Mohamed Doaa , Mohaseb M. A.
Published: February 2020

In this work, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to calculate the transmission of superconductor-dielectric 1D photonic crystal with central defect of semiconductor material (GaAs) at high superconductor critical temperature ([Formula: see text]. It is noticed that there is a red shift to high wavelength region by increasing the thickness of constituent materials. Also we study the effect of changing the incident angle, the doping density of GaAs and the applied pressure. The results show that the sense and change of photonic bandgap and transmittance peaks based on the thickness, incident angle, doping density of GaAs and hydrostatic pressure. In the case of change the thickness and hydrostatic pressure, the PBG and peak of transmittance shifted to higher wavelengths (red shift), while in the case of changing the incident angle and doping density, the PBG and peak of transmittance shifted to shorter wavelengths (blue shift).
A Fast Intra Prediction Algorithm Based on WMSE for 360-Degree Video
Authors: Mao Fuqi , Su Renbo , Liu Zhi , Zhang Mengmeng , Yue Wen
Published: February 2020

With the increased demand for virtual reality, 360-degree video coding becomes challenging. A 360-degree video should be projected as a planar video before encoding, but this process causes distortion whose degree depends on the latitude. Traditional coding algorithms cannot effectively adapt to this feature. In this study, a fast intra prediction algorithm based on WMSE for 360-degree video is proposed. The similarity between the mother block and child blocks can reflect whether the mother block needs to be divided. Spherical weights are introduced in WMSE, and the similarity expressed by WMSE can distinguish the video of different latitude, which is consistent with the weight characteristics of ERP projection. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 32% time reduction, with only 0.29% luma Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increase on average. The proposed algorithm provides a more effective solution to reduce the coding complexity of 360-degree video.
Reconstruction of Cherenkov radiation signals from extensive air showers of cosmic rays using data of a wide field-of-view telescope
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Matarkin S. V. , Timofeev L. V.
Published: February 2020

The operation of a wide field-of-view (WFOV) Cherenkov telescope is described. The detection of extensive air showers (EASs) of cosmic rays (CRs) is based upon the coincidence with signals from the Yakutsk array. The data acquisition system of the telescope yields signals connected with EAS development parameters: presumably, shower age and position of shower maximum in the atmosphere. Here, we describe the method of signal processing used to reconstruct Cherenkov radiation signals induced by CR showers. An analysis of signal parameters results in the confirmation of the known correlation of the duration of the Cherenkov radiation signal with the distance to the shower core. The measured core distance dependence is used to set an upper limit to the dimensions of the area along the EAS axis where the Cherenkov radiation intensity is above half-peak amplitude.
On the gravitational entropy of accelerating black holes
Authors: Guha Sarbari , Chakraborty Samarjit
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we have examined the validity of a proposed definition of gravitational entropy in the context of accelerating black hole solutions of the Einstein field equations, which represent the realistic black hole solutions. We have adopted a phenomenological approach proposed in Rudjord et al. [Phys. Scr. 77, 055901 (2008)] and expanded by Romero et al. [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 925 (2012)], in which the Weyl curvature hypothesis is tested against the expressions for the gravitational entropy. Considering the [Formula: see text]-metric for the accelerating black holes, we have evaluated the gravitational entropy and the corresponding entropy density for four different types of black holes, namely, nonrotating black hole, nonrotating charged black hole, rotating black hole and rotating charged black hole. We end up by discussing the merits of such an analysis and the possible reason of failure in the particular case of rotating charged black hole and comment on the possible resolution of the problem.
Transfersomes — A Nanoscience in Transdermal Drug Delivery and Its Clinical Advancements
Authors: Piumitali Bera , Neeraj Upmanyu , Jyotivardhan Jaiswal
Published: February 2020

The convenient nanotransdermal delivery system is always likely to have some ideal and unique characteristics, predominantly for safety, desired actions, clinical efficacy, enriched with a therapeutic index with minimal adverse occurrence. One of the most challenging tasks for the formulators is to transfer the medicament, especially macromolecules, through the skin. Some of the ways to achieve this is the use of a painful needle or some other methods which also have economical constraints. A new technology has been developed, that is ultradeformable liposomes, also called as transfersomes. These are an elastic type of lipid vesicle aggregates capable of delivering wide range of active moieties including various biomolecules. It can be manufactured by evaporation, vortexing, reverse-phase evaporation, ethanol injection or freeze-thaw methods, where phospholipids and edge activators are the major ingredients that contribute the main role in their unique mechanism of permeation through less permeable stratum corneum. This review mainly focuses on the clinical trial studies and patents accessible on transfersomal products worldwide, highlights the recent work on transfersomes with various therapeutic agents. An effort to explain the deeper penetration of transfersomes across the epidermis layer by its pharmacokinetics and dynamic properties has been taken.
Exploring the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Enterprises
Authors: Yu Zhang , Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Liu Yujuan
Published: February 2020

This research paper recognizes the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and firm reputation. The researcher collected the data from 239 fast moving consumer goods enterprises located in the industrial area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The CSR practices are measured by recycling of products, green purchasing, environmental awareness/protection programs, and direct support to the community. This research adopts a simultaneous regression technique to test hypotheses. The results show that CSR practices have a strong positive relationship with enterprise reputation. Meanwhile, direct support to community and environmental protection programs have a greater positive effect on firms’ reputation as compared to green purchasing and recycling of products. In addition, CSR practices arouse sympathy in consumers’ minds, which translates into repeat buying of products.
Micro-Hole Drilling on Ti6Al4V by Sequential Electro-Micro-Machining (SEMM) Approach
Authors: Tayade R. M. , Doloi B. , Sarkar B. R. , Bhattacharyya B.
Published: February 2020

This research work explores the feasibility of drilling micro-holes on Ti6Al4V by applying a sequential electro-micro-machining process. A novel sequential combination of micro-electrochemical discharge machining ([Formula: see text]ECDM) and micro-electro-chemical machining ([Formula: see text]ECM) is applied for drilling micro-hole in titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). The machining of titanium alloy by a [Formula: see text]ECDM process is a challenging task and not reported yet. Therefore, the feasibility of machining of Ti6Al4V by [Formula: see text]ECDM using various combinations of electrolytes has been studied. The best-suited electrolyte for drilling by [Formula: see text]ECDM was selected by analyzing the hole depth, radial overcut, hole taper angle and the minimum time required to drill through holes in a 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m thick sheet of titanium alloy. The [Formula: see text]ECDM process produces micro-holes rapidly but it consists of recast layer, micro-cracks, and heat affected zone, etc. The surface characteristics of a [Formula: see text]ECDMed hole were improved by applying [Formula: see text]ECM process subsequent to the [Formula: see text]ECDM process. The sequential combination of [Formula: see text]ECDM shaping and [Formula: see text]ECM finishing results in improved dimensional accuracy, machining depth, taper angle, and surface quality of the hole produced by sequential micro-machining process.
Optimization of Elemental Weight % in Microwave-Processed Joints of SS304/SS316 Using Taguchi Philosophy
Authors: Pal M. , Sehgal S. , Kumar H.
Published: February 2020

In this work, microwave-processed similar and dissimilar joints of SS304-SS304, SS304-SS316 and SS316-SS316 were fabricated using microwave hybrid heating technique. Workpieces were projected with electromagnetic energy radiations of a household microwave source with fixed frequency of 2.45[Formula: see text]GHz at 800[Formula: see text]W; about 99.8% pure Ni powder of different sizes 70[Formula: see text]nm, 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m was used as interface material between the welded joints. The experiments were carried out as per Taguchi philosophy of optimization-based L9 orthogonal array. Workpiece materials (SS304-SS304, SS304-SS316, SS316-SS316), interface material (70[Formula: see text]nm, 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) and process time (360, 390, 420[Formula: see text]s) were selected as three input process parameters. Physical characterization of the joints was performed through energy dispersive spectroscopy to find out the central elements by weight % present in the joining region of the joints, and the results were taken as output parameters. Optimization of elemental weight % in microwave-processed joints of SS304/SS316 was the prime output of this present work with investigation to the existence of Ni, Fe, Cr and C elements in the produced joints under the influence of different input parameters through microwave joining method.
Experimental Investigation for the Multi-objective Optimization of Machining Parameters on AISI D2 Steel Using Particle Swarm Optimization Coupled with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Gopan Vipin , Wins K. Leo Dev , Evangeline Gecil , Surendran Arun
Published: February 2020

High Carbon High Chromium (or AISI D2) Steels, owing to the fine surface finish they produce upon grinding, find lot of applications in die casting. Machining parameters affect the surface finish significantly during the grinding operation. In this context, this work puts an effort to arrive at the optimum machining parameters relating to fine surface finish with minimum cutting force. The material removal caused by the abrasive grinding wheel makes the process a very complex and nonlinear machining operation. In many situations, traditional optimization techniques fail to provide realistic optimum conditions because of the associated complexity. In order to overcome this issue, particle swarm optimization (PSO) coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) is applied in this research work for parameter optimization with the objective of achieving minimum surface roughness and cutting force. The machining parameters selected for the investigation were table speed, cross feed and depth of cut and the responses were surface roughness and cutting force. ANNs, inspired from biological neural networks, are well capable of providing patterns, which are too complex in behavior. The ANN model developed was used as the fitness function for PSO to complete the optimization. Optimization was also carried out using conventional response surface methodology-genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) approach in which regression equation developed with RSM was considered as the fitness function for GA. Confirmatory experiments were conducted and the comparison showed that PSO coupled with ANN is a reliable tool for complex optimization problems.