bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELECTRORREMEDIACIÓN DE CADMIO Y NÍQUEL DE PASIVOS AMBIENTALES DE SUELO CONTAMINADO POR DERRAMES DE PETRÓLEO
Authors: Yaulema Garcés Fausto , Beltrán Dávalos Andrés , Baquero Jenner , Carrera Cristian , Gavilanes Montoya Alex , Gavilanes Montoya Alex
Published: January 2021

En el presente artículo se presenta las acciones y resultados de la electroremediación por derrames de petróleo en el cantón Joya de los Sachas, Ecuador. Las acciones para la electrorremediación de metales pesados como el cadmio y níquel de los pasivos ambientales de suelo contaminado, generado por derrames de petróleo en el cantón Joya de los Sachas (sector la Parker) consistió en la determinación de las características físicoquímicas y mineralógicas del suelo, además, la identificación de los potenciales óptimos para su remediación durante 48 h a través de soluciones electrolíticas para inmovilizar iones metálicos y el análisis de los fenómenos de transporte de los metales pesados en base a los estudios de espectroscopia de absorción atómica y microscopia de barrido electrónico. Estas acciones, fueron determinantes para definir que los procesos electrocinéticos son más efectivos en suelos arcillosos debido a su carga superficial negativa. Como resultados más importantes se tiene que para el cadmio de 25,55 ppm, permitiendo alcanzar una eficiencia máxima de remoción de 93,71 %, para el níquel una concentración de 37,20 ppm alcanzando una eficiencia del 85,12 %, permitiendo cumplir con la normativa aplicable para actividades hidrocarburíferas. Finalmente, mediante la técnica de microscopia de barrido electrónico se pudo constatar una modificación de los elementos iniciales, que también se vieron desplazados por efectos del campo eléctrico.
HIDRÓLISIS ENZIMÁTICA CON β-galactosidasa DE Kluyveromyces lactis PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE JARABE DE LACTOSUERO
Authors: Parada Rivera Mabel , Tapia González Zoila , Llerena Toledo Evelyn , Carreras García Francisco , Manobanda Pinto Paúl
Published: January 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal la obtención de jarabe de suero a partir de residuos lácteos, para provechar todos los nutrientes presentes en este subproducto lácteo y reducir al máximo los impactos generados al ambiente. El jarabe de suero se obtuvo a través de una reacción de hidrólisis con la enzima: β-galactosidasa de Kluyveromyces lactis y la adición de insumos y aditivos, 1 h a 40 °C y 6,4 de pH con agitación constante. El lactosuero cumplió desde el punto de vista fisicoquímico y bacteriológico para ser utilizado como materia prima en la producción del jarabe de suero y tuvo aceptación en una muestra de consumidores. El proceso a nivel de laboratorio logró validarse a escala piloto, obteniéndose resultados similares en ambos casos, los parámetros a controlar fueron: temperatura, agitación, cantidad y calidad del sustrato y de la enzima, pH y tiempo de reacción. Las propiedades del jarabe obtenido muestran ciertas variaciones con respecto al comercializado en Ecuador, lo cual puede ajustarse concentrando el producto final. Se realizaron balances de masa y energía para el diseño de la marmita. Se debe garantizar que la materia prima, insumos y aditivos se encuentren en óptima calidad y verificar las características de la enzima utilizada en caso de que sea sustituida para establecer los nuevos parámetros de reacción (tiempo de reacción, pH y temperatura).
Detecting Similarities in Posts Using Vector Space and Matrix
Authors: Haq Al Fataa Waliyyul , Carinia Ema , Supian Sudradjat , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the application of two linear algebraic materials, namely vector and matrix spaces. The application of the two materials is related to an article, the writing can be in the form of an article, book, and so on. The writings examined in this study use example sentences made by the author. Two materials of linear algebra, namely the vector space and the matrix are used to analyze whether there is a similarity between the writing made with other writing. As a result, vector space and matrix can be used to detect similarities in a text.
Biological features of common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.)
Authors: Omarov M. D. , Omarova Z. M.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of long-term observations on the biology of common persimmon. Both positive and negative properties of this specie are given. Phenological indicators are provided: bud swelling, appearance of the first leaves, budding, flowering, fruit ripening. Diospyros virginiana L. is a hexaploid (2n = 90), however, it should be noted that along with the hexaploid race there is also a tetraploid one (2n = 60). Plants of this species are mainly dioecious, the flowers are bisexual. The flowering phase takes place in the first decade of June, which is one to two weeks later than that of the Eastern and Caucasian persimmons. The percentage of useful ovary is quite high and makes 27-29%. The fruit is smaller in size than the eastern persimmon, but three to four times larger than the Caucasian one. They have a spherical or conical shape, ranging in size from two to five cm in diameter. In a solid state, the fruits are very tart, but ripe fruits are very sweet, the sugar content reaches 20%. The ripening period is one and a half months. The number of seeds in the fruits is three to five pieces, they are larger in comparison with the seeds of the Caucasian persimmon. Diospyros virginiana L. is mainly found in the wild in the USA, where it is used as a rootstock on heavy, swampy soils for cultivated varieties of eastern persimmon, as it easily tolerates the proximity of groundwater, temporary flooding and river floods. In the Russian Federation, it is practically not used, since it is inferior in yield to plants grafted on Caucasian persimmon and forms a lot of growth. A great advantage of the common persimmon is its winter hardiness, it is much higher than that of cultivated varieties. It tolerates a drop in temperature to minus 25–280 С without any damage. In breeding, it is used to obtain varieties with high frost resistance to expand the cultivation area and move to more northern regions.
Shaping the regional structure in the modern Russian Federation
Authors: Sapiev A. Z.
Published: January 2021

The article considers shaping the regional structure in the modern Russian Federation. One of the vital functions of any state is the search for methods and forms of combining the interests of the state and its territories. The discrepancy between the interests of the state and its territorial entities, as well as the inhabitants of these territories, is a constant problem for any type of state. A state seeks to mitigate the high differentiation of its various territories, which is a destabilizing factor in the development of a state. Naturally, the difference between different regions is a consequence of the impact of natural and climatic conditions, socio-economic factors, as well as the peculiarities of the historical development of a particular region of a country. However, the state and the regions are concerned mainly due to the lagging behind a number of regions in socio-economic development. As a result, depressed regions appear. At present, in the Russian Federation there is a sharp differentiation due to the economic crisis and formation of new relations between the federal center and the regions. Taking into account the territorial extent of Russia, the achievement of sustainable development and stability is possible only with an even development of regions in economic and social terms. There is no progress on this issue on a national scale, because socio-economic and natural parameters of individual regions are worse than average ones in the state. For a modern state problems of sustainable development and territorial balance are especially important and should constantly be in the focus of the federal center.
Metodologias ativas para o estudo de movimentos sociais no Ensino Médio
Authors: Kunrath Silva Marcelo , Espindula Brenda , Farias da Silva Camila , Rech Carla Michele , Georjão Fernandes Eduardo , Dos Passos Maio Ivone , Zenaide Andrade Lauda Luciene , Mazzilli Pereira Matheus
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento de um material didático para o estudo dos temas de movimentos sociais e ativismo, voltado a educadores do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, parte da análise das limitações nas abordagens desses temas encontradas nos livros didáticos de Sociologia. A partir disso propõe - com base em conceitos estruturantes tais como, confronto político, movimentos sociais e contramovimentos, e na construção de um quadro de princípios orientadores pedagógicos que privilegiem experiências ativas de aprendizado - formas complementares de tratar o tema. O resultado é a proposição de um material didático complementar, com foco em situações didáticas para serem aplicadas em sala de aula, cujo processo envolveu criação, pesquisa e aplicações piloto em sala de aula.

Palavras-chave: material didático; ensino médio; movimentos sociais; ativismo; metodologias ativas
Leitura deleite como forma de estímulo em turmas do 2° ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Barreto Cordeiro Lívia , Teles Moura Luciana
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pesquisou a influência da leitura deleite como incentivo à leitura nos alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola de ensino infantil e fundamental do município de Presidente Kennedy, ao Sul do Espírito Santo. Participaram da pesquisa três turmas de 2º ano do ensino fundamental com suas respectivas professoras e suas auxiliares. O objetivo geral deste estudo constituiu em analisar se a leitura deleite funciona como uma forma de estímulo à leitura junto a alunos do 2° ano do ensino fundamental. A coleta de dados foi realizada numa escola polo no interior do município. Como procedimento de coleta foram utilizados os instrumentos e as estratégias de pesquisa: análise de documentos, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação em sala de aula. Para respaldar a análise de dados coletados, foram tomadas por base as contribuições dos seguintes autores:  Gil (2008) para metodologia, Freire (2015), Zilberman (2001) e Cosson (2007) - para leitura, Kleiman (1989) Souza (2012) - para estratégias de leitura, Brasil (2012) - para o Pacto Nacional na Idade Certa, Warschauer (1993), Riter (2009) e Paiva (2010) - para leitura deleite. Com base nas análises realizadas, a leitura deleite acontece de duas a três vezes por semana, essa leitura era feita com recurso da voz, a entonação e a forma de se expressar no momento da mesma. A partir dessa leitura buscou-se averiguar se ela tem gerado nas crianças um interesse pelos livros e a imaginação além dos muros da escola. Conclui-se então que a leitura deleite tem contribuído de forma significativa na vida do aluno, fazendo com que o aluno tenha a leitura como um item muito importante para sua vida, buscando na leitura um momento de prazer, diversão e conhecimento para o mundo, além de contribuir na formação do professor, quando na sua prática aplica o que foi estudado, isso é tanto para as crianças já alfabetizadas quanto as que estão sendo alfabetizadas.
pedagogia da alternância e a cidade: os desafios da escola família agrícola “São Bento do Chapéu” diante da matrícula de estudantes residentes do meio urbano
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Santos Samuel , Geraldo Flaviane , Hand Littig Patricia , Raach Wellington
Published: January 2021

A temática que subsidia este estudo busca entender o que move os alunos do perímetro urbano de Domingos Martins e Marechal Floriano a se matricularem na Escola Família Agrícola (EFA) São Bento do Chapéu, visto que o contexto rural se contrapõe a realidade desses estudantes. Também se propõe compreender os desafios de ensino e aprendizagem diante desse novo contexto escolar nesta escola, que adota a Pedagogia da Alternância. A investigação se norteia a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa com docentes e discentes que atuam na EFA São Bento do Chapéu. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizamos um questionário com questões sobre o que motiva os alunos do meio urbano a se matricular na EFA e os desafios ali encontrados. Os resultados do estudo remetem a singularidade de se cultivar saberes necessários à Pedagogia da Alternância e de enfrentamento de novos desafios teóricos e práticos da escola.
Práticas pedagógicas em classe multisseriada na educação do campo
Authors: Cardoso Miranda Rodrigues Suelem , Santana Rocha Sandra Mara , Cristofoleti Rita de Cassia
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho, que é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado, busca contextualizar o plano de estudo, enquanto elemento pedagógico da Educação do Campo. A pesquisa aconteceu em uma classe multisseriada localizada na zona rural do município de São Mateus-Espírito Santo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar se a Educação Ambiental, como tema transversal, pode ser entrelaçada aos processos de alfabetização dos estudantes de 4 a 8 anos de idade e nos temas geradores propostos pelo currículo das escolas multisseriadas do campo. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa em que foram utilizadas a observação participante, assim como atividades de intervenção pedagógica para desenvolver uma sequência didática no ensino de Educação Ambiental. Os resultados encontrados revelam as possibilidades de inserção da Educação Ambiental no cotidiano escolar a partir dos temas geradores das escolas do campo, ressaltando a importância desse trabalho como forma de dialogar com o contexto social e ambiental de meninos e meninas do campo, além de possibilitar práticas de alfabetização significativas e contextualizadas acompanhadas de práticas situadas de letramento. Neste sentido, o presente artigo abordará uma parte da pesquisa realizada evidenciando uma prática significativa e contextualizada a partir do plano de estudo que é um elemento pedagógico das escolas do campo.
Palavras-chave: Plano de estudo. Elemento pedagógico. Classe multisseriada. Educação do campo.
(Re)Constituição Identitária do MST: As Dimensões para Construção de uma Pedagogia Do Movimento
Authors: Franco Miranda Guilherme , Schfino Ferraro José Luis
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as dimensões da construção da Pedagogia do Movimento articulando-se com as identidades construídas no/do MST. A investigação permeia a gênese do Movimento, conceitua identidade e Pedagogia do Movimento e, por fim, articula estes conceitos que corroboram fortalecimento identitário do MST como movimento camponês sócio-histórico e territorial. É da terra e de todos os bens produzidos desde a terra que o campesinato promove a sua existência, seus integrantes se humanizam e se tornam cada vez mais sujeitos sociais no próprio movimento da luta que diretamente desencadeiam. A pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica aprofunda-se na trajetória e a temática do Movimento como textos oficiais, documentos, produções científicas e produções e resulta em três dimensões da Pedagogia do Movimento: A radicalidade do seu jeito de fazer a luta e os sujeitos que ela envolve; a dimensão educacional em que atua e a combinação de formatos organizativos diversos. A formação humana está associada, vinculada umbilicalmente ao processo de produção material da existência cuja base é o trabalho, mas não se resume a ele. Ao pensarmos na causa de luta do MST, buscamos a mudança e a melhoria em vários aspectos e o corrobora do Movimento como princípio educativo com uma práxis pode enriquecer o debate sobre a formação humana.

Palavras-chave: MST, Pedagogia do Movimento, Identidade.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif: Teknik Kancing Gemerincing pada Materi Ekosistem Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Sidoarjo
Authors: Krisnawati Nofi Maria , Yuliani Yuliani , Indana Sifak
Published: January 2021

to work in group, is likely emerges problem such as undistributed chances to participate in learning. The distributed chances to participate in group is one of classroom problem, that should be solved by the teacher. Thus, ringing button technique required to be applied the aims of the research were to describe student learning outcomes, student activity, and classroom management. The object of the research is class X-6 in SMAN 4 Sidoarjo in second semester of academic year 2015-2016. The number of selected student is 36, while the data analyzed descriptively. The result showed that learning outcomes after the implementation of cooperative learning model ringing button technique in the material of ecosystem is 91,67% complete. Student categorized as active by the average percentage 58,2%. The classroom management that was done by the teacher is well categorized.

Keywords: Cooperative learning model, Technique latches clang, Ecosystem.

Proses belajar mengajar di kelas yang mengharuskan siswa untuk bekerja secara berkelompok sering menimbulkan satu masalah yaitu kurang meratanya kesempatan diantara siswa untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran. Pemerataan kesempatan berpartisipasi dalam kelompok merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus diperhatikan guru. Mengatasi hal tersebut, salah satu teknik dapat diambil guru adalah teknik kancing gemerincing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendiskripsikan hasil belajar siswa, keaktifan siswa, dan pengelolaan pembelajaran kelas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian one shot case study. Sasaran penelitian adalah siswa kelas X-6 SMA Negeri 4 Sidoarjo semester genap tahun ajaran 2015-2016. Jumlah siswa yang dipilih sebanyak 36 siswa dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X-6 SMA Negeri 4 Sidoarjo terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik kancing gemerincing pada materi ekosistem dapat dikatakan siswa tuntas belajar dengan persentase ketuntasan 91,67%. Aktivitas siswa tergolong aktif, dimana persentase aktivitas pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik kancing gemerincing dapat melebihi rata-rata yaitu 58,2%. Pengelolaan pembelajaran kelas yang telah dilakukan oleh guru secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam kriteria baik.
Kata Kunci: Model pembelajaran kooperatif, Teknik kancing gemerincing, Ekosistem.
Pengaruh Tipe Kepribadian dan Perbedaan Jenis Kelamin Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Kuliah Micro Konseling pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Dakwah STAIn Purwokerto
Authors: Azizah Nur
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the influence
of personality type and gender differences on the students’ results
of micro-counseling subject in department of Da’wah STAIN
Purwokerto. The populations of the research are students majoring
in Dakwah. The subjects are 70 students, which consist of 30 male
and 40 female with extrovertand introvertpersonality type. The data
are collected by using questionnaire of Personality. The validity and
reliabilityoftheinstrumentsareassessedbyusingPearson’sProductMoment correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The data are
analyzed using 2-Ways ANOVA technique by means of Microsoft
office excel 2007. The result of this study shows that (1) there
is a very significant interaction effect between factor A (personality
types) and factor B (Sex Differences), or the influence
of personality type on the results of study Micro counseling subjects
depends on Gender Differences (Fhit = 49.074>Ftabel =
4.062); (2) there are differences in average learning outcomes of
courses of group micro -counseling between male and female (Fhit
6.292>Ftabel 4.062); and(3) therearedifferencesinaveragelearning
outcomes Micro counseling courses from groups that have
a personality type Extroverts and Introverts. (Fhit 4.886 > Ftabel
4.062).
Keywords : personality type, gender differences, learning result of
micro-counseling.

The purpose of this research is to find out the influence
of personality type and gender differences on the students’ results
of micro-counseling subject in department of Da’wah STAIN
Purwokerto. The populations of the research are students majoring
in Dakwah. The subjects are 70 students, which consist of 30 male
and 40 female with extrovertand introvertpersonality type. The data
are collected by using questionnaire of Personality. The validity and
reliabilityoftheinstrumentsareassessedbyusingPearson’sProductMoment correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The data are
analyzed using 2-Ways ANOVA technique by means of Microsoft
office excel 2007. The result of this study shows that (1) there
is a very significant interaction effect between factor A (personality
types) and factor B (Sex Differences), or the influence
of personality type on the results of study Micro counseling subjects
depends on Gender Differences (Fhit = 49.074>Ftabel =
4.062); (2) there are differences in average learning outcomes of
courses of group micro -counseling between male and female (Fhit
6.292>Ftabel 4.062); and(3) therearedifferencesinaveragelearning
outcomes Micro counseling courses from groups that have
a personality type Extroverts and Introverts. (Fhit 4.886 > Ftabel
4.062).
Keywords : personality type, gender differences, learning result of
micro-counseling.
Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Motivasi Dosen Terhadap Kualitas Layanan kepada Mahasiswa STAI Darul Ulum Bayuwangi
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: January 2021

One of the efforts to make our higher education institutions to be
in the same level with those of other nations is by improving the
quality of the lecturers and their service to students. The research
was conducted at the STAI Darul Ulum Banyuwangi, with a
population of 132 people and 64 people of sample. The method of
data collection is by using questionnaires and the method of data
analysis is by using the analysis of double regression predictors.
The results of this research show that: firstly, the lecturers’
abilities significantly influence the quality of services to students.
Secondly, the lecturers’ teaching motivation also significantly
influence the quality of services tostudents. Thirdly, the lecturers’
abilities are related to their teaching motivations. Finally the
lecturers’ abilities and the teaching motivation simultaneously
influence the quality of service to students.
Keywords: quantitative design, ability, motivation, and service.

Salah satu usaha untuk menjadikan pendidikan tinggi kita
sejajar dengan bangsa lain, diperlukan perbaikan terutama pada
perbaikan mutu dosen dan kualitas layanan kepada mahasiswa.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di STAI Darul Ulum Banyuwangi,
dengan populasi 132 orang dan sampel 64 orang. Metode
pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket dan analisis
data menggunakan analisis regresi ganda dua predictor.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa; pertama, kemampuan
dosen berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas layanan
kepadamahasiswa;kedua,motivasimengajardosenberpengaruh
secara signifikan terhadap kualitas layanan kepada mahasiswa;
ketiga, kemampuan dosen berhubungan dengan motivasi
mengajar; dan keempat, kemampuan dan motivasi mengajar
dosen secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas
layanan kepada mahasiswa.
Kata Kunci: kuantitatif design, kemampuan, motivasi, layanan.
IHSAN KEPADA KEDUA ORANG TUA: TINJAUAN TAFSIR SOSIAL KONTEMPORER
Authors: Shodiq Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the interpretation of the Koran about doing good (ihsan) to parents which is explicitly mentioned 13 (thirteen) times, and which is mentioned 7 (seven) times directly after Allah swt invites and calls on people to tauhid and thanksgiving. to him. In social practice, how a person has good character to both parents is revealed in this study with Tafsir al-Amthal fi Tafsir Kitabillah al-Munzal by Makarim Syairazi as the primary source. This Interpretasion is a contemporary social interpretation. Meanwhile, the secondary data in this study are other authoritative and relevant social interpretation works. The findings of this research are that the meaning of ihsan applies to both parents in the Koran is in the form of monotheism that must be put forward to accompany the worship of both parents. Ihsan is absolute covering all goodness, including the category whether the religious status of both parents is Muslim or infidel. be civilized when both parents are weak, old and old, who desperately need protection and affection from their children. Be gentle and respectful when communicating with him. Be tawadhu 'and pray for them when they are still alive or not. Always ask Allah for an easy way to serve both parents.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap penafsiran Al-Quran tentang berbuat baik (ihsan) kepada orang tua yang secara tersurat disebutkan sebanyak 13 (tiga belas) kali, dan yang 7 (tujuh) kali disebut langsung setelah Allah swt mengajak dan menyerukan umat kepada tauhid dan sukur kepada-Nya. Dalam praktik sosial, bagaimana seseorang berakhlaq baik kepada kedua orang tua diungkap dalam penelitian ini dengan Tafsir al-Amthal fi Tafsir Kitabillah al-Munzal karya Makarim Syairazi sebagai sumber primer. Tafsir Al-Amthal merupakan tafsir yang bercorak sosial kontemporer. Sedang data sekunder dalam penelitian ini adalah karya tafsir sosial lainnya yang otoritatif dan relevan dengan kajian ini. Temuan penelitin ini adalah bahwa makna berlaku ihsan kepada kedua orang tua dalam Al-Quran adalah berupa tauhid yang harus dikedapankan yang mengiringi kebaktian terhadap kedua orang tua. Ihsan bersifat mutlak meliputi semua kebaikan termasuk kategori apakah status agama kedua orang tua muslim ataupun kafir. bersikap beradab ketika kedua orang tua dalam masa lemah, renta dan tua yang sangat membutuhkan perlindungan dan kasih sayang dari anaknya. Bersuara lembut dan hormat ketika berkomunikasi dengannya. Bersikap tawadhu’ dan mendoakan mereka ketika masih hidup maupun telah tiada. Selalu memohon kepada Allah untuk di anugerahi jalan mudah untuk berkhidmat kepada kedua orang tua.
HUKUM TALAQ ISTERI KETIKA HAIDH: SATU ANALISIS HADITH DAN FIQH
Authors: Yusof Nabilah
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the divorce occurred during the wife’s menstrual period. It aims to examine the status of hadiths on the law of divorce during the wife’s menstrual period and also the opinion of fiqih madhab on it. The research is library research with analysis and descriptive method. Some hadiths on it are analyzed with takhrij method, either the text of hadith or the chains of transmitter (sanad). The article also analyses the opinion of fiqh scholars on the law of divorce during the wife’s menstrual period. Based on shariah, the divorce is allowed if the husband divorce the wife in non-menstrual and before having a sexual intercourse. But if the divorce occurred during the wife’s menstrual period, there are many opinions among ulama. The result of this research shows that majority ulama stated it is unlawful if if the husband divorce the wife during her menstrual period, and his divorce is unlawful. But, Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah said that the divorce is not in line with shariah and unlawful and the husband is regarded sin doer.

Abstrak
Artikel ini adalah berkaitan dengan Talak Isteri Ketika Haidh. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk meneliti status hadis-hadis berkaitan hukum talak isteri ketika haidh serta pandangan mazhab fiqh mengenainya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis. Penulis menganalisis hadis-hadis tersebut melalui kaedah takhrij (redaksi) hadis yaitu, analisis matan (teks) dan sanad hadis seterusnya meneliti pandangan para fuqaha sekitar hukum talak ketika isteri dalam keadaan haidh. Menurut hukum syarak, talak sah apabila suami menceraikan isteri pada saat isteri dalam keadaan suci yang sebelumnya tidak digauli. Namun jika talak dijatuhkan saat isteri dalam keadaan Haidh, antara jumhur dan Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah serta beberapa fuqaha berbeda pandangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut jumhur ulama, hukum suami yang mentalak isteri ketika Haidh adalah haram dan hukum talaknya adalah sah. Namun, menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, talak tersebut tidak disyariatkan dan talak yang dijatuhkan tidak sah, serta suami tetap dianggap telah berdosa.
Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Madrasah dan Budaya Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Kadarsih Sri kadarsih , Munip Al Munip
Published: January 2021

Kepemimpinan transformasional merupakan agen perubahan positif yang mampu menumbuhkan motivasi terhadap anggotanya. Kepemimpinan transformasional merupakan seorang pemimpin yang inovatif dan kreatif dalam memunculkan ide-idenya demi kesejahteraan anggota dan peserta didiknya. Dalam kepemimpinan transformasional diperlukan kerja sama yang kuat antara seorang pemimpin dan para anggotanya, karena ini akan bertujuan untuk pencapaian suatu tujuan tertentu.

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi membawa pengaruh dan perubahan yang cukup besar baik itu dalam kehidupan masyarakat maupun dalam dunia pendidikan. Maka dari itu, menjadi seorang pendidik merupakan tanggung jawab yang berat dalam mengikuti perkembangan ini.agar pendidik tidak mengalami ketertinggalan maka para pendidik juga perlu membudayakan penggunaan media teknologi informasi yang berupa laptop/computer dalam proses pembelajaran
GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ester forms of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD in infant formula
Authors: Le Dinh Chi , Nguyen Nhu Thuong , Vu Ngoc Tu , Le Thi Hong Hao , Tran Cao Son ,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control
Published: January 2021

A sensitive GC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for determining ester forms of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD in infant formula, using 3-MCPD-d5 and 2-MCPD-d5 as internal standards, respectively. The esters of MCPDs were extracted from infant formula powder with mixture of ethanol/n-hexane/diethyl ether (1/1/1, v/v/v), then treated with sulfuric acid to release free MCPDs. Free MCPDs and internal standards were derivatized with phenylboronic acid and the corresponding derivatives were used for GC-MS/MS analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed in a DB-5MS capillary column using helium as mobile phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min. Tandem mass spectroscopic detection of each analyte was done in MRM mode by monitoring one precursor ion and two product ions. Validation results confirmed the suitability of the developed method for intended application. Application of the method in samples collected from different provinces in Vietnam detected esterified 3-MCPD in 38.9% of samples, esterified 2-MCPD in 34.7% of samples.
Simultaneous determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in functional foods using liquid chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS)
Authors: Pham Cong Hieu , Le Van Ha , Nguyen Minh Chau , Lu Thi Minh Hien , Dinh Viet Chien , Nguyen Trung Hieu , Nguyen Van Ri ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: January 2021

Chromium is often added in some functional foods to aid in the treatment of diabetes or in fortified dairy products. The toxicity of chromium depends on the oxidation state. Therefore, it is necessary to identify or quantify chromium species to assess food safety hazards. In this study, the species of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The main parameters such as the concentration of complexing agents, the effect of pH, the mobile phase flow rate, the extraction solvents as well as the extraction time and temperature were optimized. The method detection limits (MDLs) of 20 µg/kg for Cr (III) and 10 µg/kg for Cr (VI) obtained based on peak hight at mass 52 for injections at low level spiked samples. The repeatability of Cr (III) was 1.96 % while that of Cr (VI) was 7.78%. The recovery of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) at 1 mg/kg was in the range of 91.3 - 98.4% and 89.3 - 96.7% respectively. The validated parameters were completely meeting the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) performance requirements, which was applied to analyze Cr species in some functional food samples collected on the market. The content of Cr (III) was found in accordance with products label declaration while Cr (VI) was not detected.
Simultaneous determination of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, iso butanol, and iso almyacol concentrations in white alcol in some areas in Hai Duong province in 2018 - 2019
Authors: Nguyen Duc Hoang , Tran Quang Canh ,   Hai Duong Medical Technical University,   Hai Duong Medical Technical University
Published: January 2021

The research has developed a method for simultaneous determination of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol in white alcohol. Validation results show that the method has satisfactory accuracy with recovery in the range of 105 - 108%, repeatability RSD < 1.57%, detection limit below 3 mg/L for all compounds. Proficiency test results in 2020 were satisfactory with Z-scores of all substances below 2. The method has been applied to analyze 200 distilled alcohol samples and 50 blended alcohol samples taken in Hai Duong city during the period from 2018 to 2020. Three of 200 distilled alcohol samples have the methanol content higher than the maximum limit. The relationship between methanol content in proportion to content of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol in the same sample has been evaluated to distinguish between blended alcohol and distilled alcohol.
Determination of icariin content in dietary supplements by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Vu Thi Thanh An , Luong The Dung , Mac Thi Thanh Hoa , Cao Cong Khanh ,   National Institute for Food Control,   University of Science, Vietnam National University,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

High performance liquid chromatography with PDA detector technique has been applied to analyze the Icariin content in dietary supplements that contains the ingredient of Epimedium. Sample preparation used methanol solvent and ultrasonic technique. Analytical procedure performed on HPLC Alliance-Waters e2695 system with chromatographic column C18 Reliant 2 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and gradient between acetonitril and phosphoric acid 1% solution in 20 minutes. The validation results showed that the method had good specificity, linear calibration curve in the range of 0.42 - 42 µg/mL, the repeatability and recovery of the method meet the analytical requirements according to AOAC. The method has been deployed to analyze some dietary supplement products on the market and give Icariin content 6.15 - 54.3 mg/g (in dietary supplement) and 6.47 - 24.5 g/100g (in powder extracts).
Xác định hàm lượng Icariin trong thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe bằng kỹ thuật sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao
Authors: Vũ Thị Thanh An , Lương Thế Dũng , Mạc Thị Thanh Hoa , Cao Công Khánh ,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên, Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia
Published: January 2021

Kỹ thuật sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao kết hợp với detector PDA đã được ứng dụng phân tích hàm lượng Icariin trong thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe (TPBVSK) có chứa thành phần Dâm dương hoắc (Epimedium). Giai đoạn xử lý mẫu sử dụng dung môi chiết methanol và kỹ thuật siêu âm cách thủy. Quy trình phân tích được thực hiện trên hệ thống HPLC Alliance-Waters e2695 với cột sắc ký pha đảo C18 Reliant 2 (250 mm × 4,6 mm, 5 µm) và pha động theo gradient giữa acetonitril với dung dịch acid phosphoric 1% trong 20 phút. Kết quả thẩm định cho thấy phương pháp có độ đặc hiệu tốt, đường chuẩn tuyến tính trong khoảng từ 0,42 - 42 µg/mL, độ lặp lại và độ thu hồi của phương pháp đáp ứng được yêu cầu phân tích theo AOAC. Phương pháp đã được triển khai phân tích một số sản phẩm TPBVSK và nguyên liệu cao khô Dâm dương hoắc có mặt trên thị trường với kết quả hàm lượng Icariin từ 6,15 đến 54,3 mg/g (đối với sản phẩm TPBVSK) và từ 6,47 - 24,5 g/100g (đối với mẫu nguyên liệu cao khô).
Simultaneous determination of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol in human blood and white spirit samples
Authors: Vu Anh Phuong , Nguyen Thi Ngan , Do Thi Trang , Dinh Son Luong , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Hoang Quoc Anh ,   Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

A simple and cost-effective method for simultaneous determination of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in human blood and white spirit samples using headspace gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) was developed and validated for clinical and toxicological purposes. In this study, the headspace sampling procedure was investigated, indicating optimized temperature of 70 °C in 20 min. Concentrations of target compounds were determined by internal standard (IS) method with acetonitrile as IS compound. A good resolution of chromatographic peaks was achieved. The linear ranges for all the compounds were from 1 to 500 mg/dL. Our method was validated with adequate accuracy (recovery > 98%) and precision (RSD < 0.1%) in whole human blood and white spirit samples. The limits of detection were below 0.5 mg/L for the three compounds. This method is easy to perform, making it suitable for routine analysis in clinical biochemistry and forensic laboratories.
Hàm lượng kim loại nặng và Asen trong mẫu nước, đất nông nghiệp và gạo tại huyện Ngân Sơn, tỉnh Bắc Kạn, Việt Nam
Authors: Trần Thanh Sơn , Đinh Viết Chiến , Nguyễn Thị Ánh Hường , Kim Kyoung-Woong ,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội, Việt Nam,   Viện Khoa học và Kỹ thuật Gwangju, Gwangju 61005, Hàn Quốc
Published: January 2021

Do sự phát triển nhanh chóng trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp như luyện kim, khai khoáng và hóa chất ở Việt Nam, nhiều vấn đề liên quan đến ô nhiễm môi trường đã được đặt ra. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm bước đầu điều tra hàm lượng kim loại nặng trong nước, đất nông nghiệp và gạo tại xã Thượng Quan, huyện Ngân Sơn, tỉnh Bắc Kạn, Việt Nam. Kết quả phân tích 6 nguyên tố (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni và Zn) cho thấy hiện trạng chất lượng đất nông nghiệp, nước và gạo vùng phụ cận khu vực nghiên cứu. Hàm lượng trung bình của 6 nguyên tố nghiên cứu trong các mẫu nước mặt và nước sinh hoạt không vượt Quy chuẩn Việt Nam đối với nước mặt và nước sinh hoạt. Trong khi đó, hàm lượng As trong các mẫu đất nông nghiệp nằm trong khoảng 15,6 – 27,2 (mg/kg), cao hơn mức giới hạn của Quy chuẩn Việt Nam cho đất Nông nghiệp. Mặc khác, hàm lượng As tổng số trong các mẫu gạo trắng nằm trong khoảng từ 0,18 – 0,40 (mg/kg), thấp hơn mức giới hạn của Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam đối với gạo trắng. Qua nghiên cứu này, As là nguyên tố duy nhất cần phải nghiên cứu thêm vì hàm lượng tương đối cao trong các mẫu đất nông nghiệp. Có đến 7 trong 8 mẫu gạo có hàm lượng As tổng số cao hơn tiêu chuẩn CODEX cho gạo trắng, As vô cơ cần được tiếp tục phân tích cho những kết luận tiếp theo.
Simultaneous determination of vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, amyl acetate, citral in food additives by gas chromatography tamdem mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Authors: Le Viet Ngan , Vu Thi Kim Oanh , Vu Thi Trang , Luu Thi Huyen Trang ,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control,   National Instriture for food control
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study to determine sample preparation and analysis vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, amyl acetate and citral in the food additives using gas chromatography mass tandem spectrometry. The substances were extracted from the matrices with acetonitrile at 30°C for 15 minutes, determined by GC-MS using DB5-MS column (30m x 0.25mm x 0.25μm) for separation, the MS/MS detector. The calibration curves had concentration of 0.05 to 20 μg/mL, the method had the recovery of from 95.0% to 105%, the repeatability of from 1.92 to 4.04%. Applying the analytical method on 15 flavor food additive samples which were collected from markets showed most of the flavor additives contain more than one flavor compound in composition.
Determination of xanthophylls compounds in dietary supplements by HPLC-PDA
Authors: Mac Thi Thanh Hoa , Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc , Duong Thi Mai Hoa , Cao Cong Khanh ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

An HPLC method using photodiode array detector (PDA) detector has been developed for the determination of astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin in dietary supplements. These compounds were separated on a C30 chromatography column with ethyl acetate: acetonitrile (12:88, v/v) containing 0.1% n-decanol as the mobile phase. Xanthophyll compounds, usually existing in the form of esters, were saponified in 45% KOH solution (with lutein and zeaxanthin) and 1% (with astaxanthin) at 60°C within 15 minutes, then re-extracted with n-hexane before analyzing on HPLC system. The method was validated and had good specificity and selectivity. The linear calibration curve in the range of 0.5 - 10 µg/ml, the repeatability and the recovery of the method meet the analytical requirements according to AOAC; the method was applied to analyze several dietary supplements collected from market.
Nghiên cứu phương pháp xác định vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, amyl acetat, citral trong nền mẫu phụ gia thực phẩm bằng sắc ký khí khối phổ (GC-MS)
Authors: Lê Viết Ngân , Vũ Thị Kim Oanh , Vũ Thị Trang , Lưu Thị Huyền Trang ,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia
Published: January 2021

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là khảo sát các điều kiện xử lý mẫu và phân tích trên hệ thống sắc ký khí khối phổ để xác định vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, amyl acetat, citral trong nền mẫu phụ gia thực phẩm. Các chất phân tích được chiết ra khỏi nền mẫu bằng acetonitril tại 30°C trong 15 phút, tách bằng sắc ký khísử dụng cột tách DB5-MS (30m x 0,25 mm x 0,25 µm), định lượng bằng detector khối phổ. Kết quả thẩm định thu được đường chuẩn tuyến tính trong khoảng 0,05- 20 µg/mL, hiệu suất thu hồi 95,0-105%, độ lặp lại RSD 1,92 – 4,04%. Ứng dụng phương pháp phân tích 15 mẫu phụ gia thực phẩm tạo hươngthu thập trên thị trường cho thấy hầu hết các mẫu phụ gia hương liệu chứa nhiều hơn một hợp chất tạo hương trong thành phần.
Analysis of fipronil and metabolites of fipronil in eggs by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Nguyen Huong Giang , Do Ngoc Nhan , Pham  Van Son ,   Center for Drug, Cosmetic and Food Control Ho Chi Minh city,   Center for Drug, Cosmetic and Food Control Ho Chi Minh city, Polytechnic University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city,   Food Safety Management Board Ho Chi Minh city
Published: January 2021

A simple, sensitive and reliable method was developed and applied to determine fipronil and its metabolites in chicken egg by means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chicken egg samples were extracted with water and acetonitrile, added with DisQuE salt, shaken and then centrifuged. The extracts were purified by Oasis cartridge prior to analysis by LC-MS/MS. The calibration curve showed good linearity within the concentrations from 0.5 to 10.0 µg/kg (R2 > 0.99). The average recovery rates of fipronil and its metabolites at three spiked levels of 2.0; 5.0 and 10.0 µg/kg ranged from 93.24 % to 107.89 % and the relative standard deviations were less than 9.2 %. The LOQ of this method was of 0.6 µg/kg and LOD was of 0.2 µg/kg. The method has also been successfully applied to analyze fipronil and its metabolites in the real samples.  
Tối ưu hoá phương pháp quang phổ hấp thụ phân tử xác định hoạt độ nattokinase trong thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khoẻ
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thư , Hoàng Việt Dũng , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Ngọc , Vũ Thị Thanh An , Mạc Thị Thanh Hoa , Cao  Công Khánh , Trần Hùng Sơn ,   Học viện Quân y,   Học viện Quân y,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia
Published: January 2021

Nattokinase là một enzyme có hoạt tính phân hủy fibrin mạnh và được bổ sung trong các chế phẩm thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe có tác dụng dự phòng, hỗ trợ điều trị bệnh lý huyết khối. Hoạt tính tiêu fibrin của Nattokinase trong thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe được xác định bằng phương pháp quang phổ hấp thụ phân tử. Trong nghiên cứu này, các điều kiện tối ưu của quy trình phân tích đã được khảo sát và xác định, phản ứng được tiến hành ở pH 8.5, nhiệt độ phản ứng là 40oC và thời gian phản ứng là 60 phút. Phương pháp xác định hoạt độ Nattokinase đã được thẩm định đạt yêu cầu và áp dụng để phân tích trong10 mẫu trong thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy hoạt độ Nattokinase trong 10 mẫu thử nằm trong khoảng 79,1 - 98,0% so với giá trị công bố trên nhãn. Ngoài ra, ảnh hưởng của các loại dược liệu và tá dược có trong sản phẩm tới hoạt tính của Nattokinase cũng được nghiên cứu. Từ kết quả thẩm định và áp dụng phân tích trên mẫu sản phẩm thương mại, cho thấy phương pháp phân tích này có thể áp dụng để kiểm soát chất lượng của các sản phẩm thực phẩm bảo vệ sức khỏe trên thị trường có chứa Nattokinase.
Simultaneous determination of steviol glycosides in food from stevia by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Luu Thi Huyen Trang , Vu Thi Kim Oanh , Vu Thi Trang , Nguyen Thi Bien ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to develop a method for determination of steviol glycosides in food using liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry. The compounds were extracted from the matrices with methanol at 40°C within 60 minutes, and then determined by LC-MS/MS using C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm x 3.5 µm), the MS/MS detector with negative ESI mode. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.1 to 20 μg/mL; the RSD was of 1.74 – 5.01%; and the recovery was in range of 90 – 105%. The method was applied to analyze 20 food samples collected from markets in Hanoi (including dry stevia rebaudiana, stevia powder, stevia tea and soft drinks). The results showed that the composition of steviol glycosides was different from sample to sample. The most abundant steviol glycosides were stevioside and rebaudioside A.