bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financing College Opportunity
Authors: McLendon Michael K. , Tandberg David A. , Hillman Nicholas W.
Published: August 2014

Some states invest relatively heavily in financial aid programs that benefit lower-income citizens, while other states concentrate their investment in programs that benefit students from higher-income backgrounds. States also vary in their levels of direct appropriations to campuses, a form of public subsidy that has long been viewed as benefitting middle-income citizens. What factors influence states to allocate higher education subsidies in a more or a less redistributive manner? This article reports on a study that examined sources of variation in state spending on need-based aid, merit-based aid, and appropriations over the period 1990–2010. Findings document relationships among spending patterns and structural and political conditions of states, indicating a “trade-off” between spending on merit- and need-based aid; as states invest more in the former, they reduce spending on the latter. We also show that the presence of a Republican governor and the strength of Republican representation in statehouses each is associated with increased state spending on need-based financial aid. Our results further show that increased wealth is positively associated with state spending on merit-based financial aid programs and state appropriations for higher education, but not need-based financial aid. We also find distinctive patterns of state support for higher education depending on the degree of centralization of a state’s governance arrangement for higher education; namely, the presence of a highly centralized structure is associated with decreased spending on merit-based aid programs and increased state appropriations to colleges and universities.
Performance Funding for Higher Education
Authors: Dougherty Kevin J. , Jones Sosanya M. , Lahr Hana , Natow Rebecca S. , Pheatt Lara , Reddy Vikash
Published: August 2014

Since the 1970s, federal and state policy-makers have become increasingly concerned with improving higher education performance. In this quest, state performance funding for higher education has become widely used. As of June 2014, twenty-six states were operating performance funding programs and four more have programs awaiting implementation. This article reviews the forms, extent, origins, implementation, impacts (intended and unintended), and policy prospects of performance funding. Performance funding has become quite widespread with formidable political support, yet it has also experienced considerable implementation vicissitudes, with many programs being discontinued and even those that have survived encountering substantial obstacles and unintended impacts. Although evidence suggests that performance funding does stimulate colleges and universities to substantially change their policies and practices, it is yet unclear whether performance funding improves student outcomes. The article concludes by advancing policy recommendations for addressing the implementation obstacles and unintended side effects associated with performance funding.
‘The world is full of big bad wolves’: investigating the experimental therapeutic spaces of R.D. Laing and Aaron Esterson
Authors: McGeachan Cheryl
Published: August 2014

In conjunction with the recent critical assessments of the life and work of R.D. Laing, this paper seeks to demonstrate what is revealed when Laing’s work on families and created spaces of mental health care are examined through a geographical lens. The paper begins with an exploration of Laing’s time at the Tavistock Clinic in London during the 1960s, and of the co-authored text with Aaron Esterson entitled, Sanity, Madness and the Family (1964). The study then seeks to demonstrate the importance Laing and his colleague placed on the time-space situatedness of patients and their worlds. Finally, an account is provided of Laing’s and Esterson’s spatial thinking in relation to their creation of both real and imagined spaces of therapeutic care.
Karl Jaspers on the disease entity: Kantian ideas and Weberian ideal types
Authors: Walker Chris
Published: August 2014

Jaspers’ nosology is indebted to Immanuel Kant’s theory of knowledge. He drew the distinction of form and content from the Transcendental Analytic of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. The distinction is universal to all knowledge, including psychopathology. Individual experience is constituted by a form or category of the Understanding to give a determinate or knowable object classified into the generic type of a real disease entity. The application of form and content is limited by the boundaries of experience. Beyond this boundary are wholes whose conception requires Ideas of reason drawn from the Transcendental Dialectic. Wholes are regulated by Ideas of reason to give an object or schema of the Idea collected into ideal types of an ideal typical disease entity. Jaspers drew ideal types from Max Weber’s social theory. He anticipated that, as knowledge advanced, ideal typical disease entities would become real disease entities. By 1920, this had been the destiny of general paralysis as knowledge of its neuropathology, serology and microbiology emerged. As he presented the final edition of General Psychopathology in 1946, Jaspers was anticipating the transition of schizophrenia from ideal typical to real disease entity. Almost 70 years later, with knowledge of its aetiology still unclear, schizophrenia remains marooned as an ideal typical disease entity – still awaiting that crucial advance!
J.H. Pons on ‘Sympathetic insanity’
Authors: Berrios GE
Published: August 2014

The ancient concept of ‘sympathy’ originally referred to a putative affinity or force that linked all natural objects together. This notion was later used to explain the manner in which human beings related and felt for each other. A large literature exists on both the physical and psychological definitions of sympathy. Until the nineteenth century the conceptual apparatus of medicine preserved the view that the organs of the human body had a sympathetic affinity for each other. In addition to these ‘physiological’ (normal) sympathies there were morbid ones which explained the existence of various diseases. A morbid sympathy link also explained the fact that insanity followed the development of pathological changes in the liver, spleen, stomach and other bodily organs. These cases were classified as ‘sympathetic insanities’. After the 1880s, the sympathy narrative was gradually replaced by physiological, endocrinological and psychodynamic explanations. The clinical states involved, however, are often observed in hospital practice and constitute the metier of ‘consultation-liaison psychiatry’. Hence, it is surprising that historical work on the development of this discipline has persistently ignored the concept of ‘sympathetic insanity’.
National Standardized Data Set for School Health Services
Authors: Patrick Kathleen , Mendonca Linda L. , Maughan Erin D. , Wolfe Linda C. , Bergren Martha Dewey , Johnson Kathleen H. , Gerdes Jessica , Watts Estelle , Pontius Deborah J. , Cole Marjorie
Published: August 2014

The National Association of School Nurses and National Association of State School Nurse Consultants Joint Work Group agreed on identified common data points and an initial process for nationwide data collection by school nurses. The emerging process was presented at both the 2014 National Association of School Nurses and the National Association of State School Nurse Consultants annual meetings in San Antonio. The time is now to begin the process for ALL school nurses to collect data to begin building a national school nursing data set. This article is the second of a series and outlines the how, why, and when for collecting identified data indicators. It provides the talking points and collection tool necessary to Step Up and Be Counted!
NASN’s First Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Maughan Erin D. , Schantz Shirley
Published: August 2014

Evidence-based clinical guidelines assist health care providers to ensure best practices. The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) has developed the organization’s first evidence-based clinical guidelines to assist school nurses to practice at their highest level and in response to a direct request by members. This guideline focuses on asthma; more guidelines will follow. This article provides an overview identifying why clinical guidelines are important, how the guidelines were developed, and guidance to school nurses on how to interpret and use the guidelines.
Increasing Immunization Rates Through the Immunization Neighborhood Recognizing School-Located Immunization Programs
Authors: Bobo Nichole
Published: August 2014

Vaccines are considered one of the top 10 public health achievements in the United States; however, coverage rates for many of the recommended child and adolescent vaccines fall short of Healthy People 2020 goals. The vaccine delivery infrastructure in our country might be the most important limiting factor in achieving the vaccine uptake targets. Renewing the focus on schools for both vaccine delivery and vaccine promotion has the potential to augment other emerging alternate vaccination sites within the immunization neighborhood. School nurses are leading the way, and three national award winners are recognized for their immunization programming efforts. All school nurses can be immunization champions, advocating for the role of schools as key sites to promote the importance of vaccines in protecting the health and ensuring academic success of the students they serve.
Explaining texture weakening and improved formability in magnesium rare earth alloys
Authors: Griffiths D.
Published: August 2014

Wrought magnesium alloys are rarely used due to their poor formability which is caused by strong textures created during processing. Addition of rare earth (RE) elements including Y, Ce, La, Gd and Nd weakens these strong basal textures and significantly improves formability. Developing a mechanistic understanding of this effect is critical in leading alloy design towards a new class of highly formable magnesium alloys. This fall in texture intensity occurs during recrystallisation and only requires very low solute RE additions, 0·01 at.- in the magnesium–Ce case. These additions retard dynamic recrystallisation and increase non-basal slip; however, a full understanding of the RE effect has yet to be obtained, with a variety of mechanisms proposed. Recent research in these areas is critically reviewed.
Effect of aging treatment on fracture toughness in ZM61 magnesium alloy
Authors: Yu D. L. , Zhang D. F. , Zhao D. Z. , Hu G. S. , Pan F. S.
Published: August 2014

The effect of aging treatment on fracture toughness in Mg–6Zn–1Mn (wt-) was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, uniaxial tensile and fracture toughness tests, respectively. The results showed that the fracture toughness of Mg–6Zn–1Mn alloy can be enhanced by aging treatment. The fracture toughness and strength showed a reverse trend in single aged and double aged alloy. Synergetic effect of fine grains and precipitates improved the fracture toughness more sharply than aging treatment. The precipitate free zones and grain boundary precipitates made the largest contribution to the reduction of toughness. Under as extruded and aged conditions, the main origins of cracks were elastic incompatibility and plastic deformation.
Integrating team resource management program into staff training improves staff’s perception and patient safety in organ procurement and transplantation: the experience in a university-affiliated medical center in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Ya-Chi , Jerng Jih-Shuin , Chang Ching-Wen , Chen Li-Chin , Hsieh Ming-Yuan , Huang Szu-Fen , Liu Yueh-Ping , Hung Kuan-Yu
Published: August 2014

Background

The process involved in organ procurement and transplantation is very complex that requires multidisciplinary coordination and teamwork. To prevent error during the processes, teamwork education and training might play an important role. We wished to evaluate the efficacy of implementing a Team Resource Management (TRM) program on patient safety and the behaviors of the team members involving in the process.

Methods

We implemented a TRM training program for the organ procurement and transplantation team members of the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH), a teaching medical center in Taiwan. This 15-month intervention included TRM education and training courses for the healthcare workers, focused group skill training for the procurement and transplantation team members, video demonstration and training, and case reviews with feedbacks. Teamwork culture was evaluated and all procurement and transplantation cases were reviewed to evaluate the application of TRM skills during the actual processes.

Results

During the intervention period, a total of 34 staff members participated the program, and 67 cases of transplantations were performed. Teamwork framework concept was the most prominent dimension that showed improvement from the participants for training. The team members showed a variety of teamwork behaviors during the process of procurement and transplantation during the intervention period. Of note, there were two potential donors with a positive HIV result, for which the procurement processed was timely and successfully terminated by the team. None of the recipients was transplanted with an infected organ. No error in communication or patient identification was noted during review of the case records.

Conclusion

Implementation of a Team Resource Management program improves the teamwork culture as well as patient safety in organ procurement and transplantation.
Self-parameterized active contours based on regional edge structure for medical image segmentation
Authors: Mylona Eleftheria A , Savelonas Michalis A , Maroulis Dimitris
Published: August 2014

This work introduces a novel framework for unsupervised parameterization of region-based active contour regularization and data fidelity terms, which is applied for medical image segmentation. The work aims to relieve MDs from the laborious, time-consuming task of empirical parameterization and bolster the objectivity of the segmentation results. The proposed framework is inspired by an observed isomorphism between the eigenvalues of structure tensors and active contour parameters. Both may act as descriptors of the orientation coherence in regions containing edges. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework maintains a high segmentation quality without the need of trial-and-error parameter adjustment.
Impact of transpulmonary thermodilution-based cardiac contractility and extravascular lung water measurements on clinical outcome of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Kazumata Ken , Terasaka Shunsuke , Taki Yasuyuki , Suzuki Akifumi , Ishikawa Tatsuya
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a life-threatening systemic consequence early after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but precise hemodynamics and related outcomes have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate TCM-induced cardiac function by transpulmonary thermodilution and its impact on clinical outcome of SAH.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 46 consecutive postoperative SAH patients who developed TCM. Patients were divided into two groups of echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (TCM with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction) and LVEF ≥40% (TCM without LV dysfunction). Cardiac function index (CFI) and extravascular lung water index (ELWI) were monitored by transpulmonary thermodilution in parallel with serial measurements of echocardiographic parameters and blood biochemical markers.

Results

Transpulmonary thermodilution-derived CFI was significantly correlated with LVEF (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). The CFI between days 0 and 7 was significantly lower in patients with LV dysfunction (LVEF <40%) than in patients with LVEF ≥40% (P < 0.05). CFI had a better ability than cardiac output to detect cardiac dysfunction (LVEF <40%) (area under the curve = 0.85 ± 0.02; P < 0.001). A CFI value <4.2 min−1 had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 84% for detecting LVEF <40%. CFI <4.2 min−1 was associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33 to 2.86; P = 0.004) and poor 3-month functional outcome on a modified Rankin Scale of 4 to 6 (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.06 to 3.29; P = 0.02). An extravascular lung water index (ELWI) >14 ml/kg after day 4 increased the risk of poor functional outcome at 3-month follow-up (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.11 to 3.97; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Prolonged cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary edema increased the risk of DCI and poor 3-month functional outcome in postoperative SAH patients with TCM. Serial measurements of CFI and ELWI by transpulmonary thermodilution may provide an easy bedside method of detecting early changes in cardiopulmonary function to direct proper post-SAH treatment.
Building a data sharing model for global genomic research
Authors: Kosseim Patricia , Dove Edward S , Baggaley Carman , Meslin Eric M , Cate Fred H , Kaye Jane , Harris Jennifer R , Knoppers Bartha M
Published: August 2014

Data sharing models designed to facilitate global business provide insights for improving transborder genomic data sharing. We argue that a flexible, externally endorsed, multilateral arrangement, combined with an objective third-party assurance mechanism, can effectively balance privacy with the need to share genomic data globally.
Optimizing and Diversifying Electric Vehicle Driving Range for U.S. Drivers
Authors: Lin Zhenhong
Published: August 2014

Properly determining the driving range is critical for accurately predicting the sales and social benefits of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This study proposes a framework for optimizing the driving range by minimizing the sum of battery price, electricity cost, and range limitation cost—referred to as the “range-related cost”—as a measurement of range anxiety. The objective function is linked to policy-relevant parameters, including battery cost and price markup, battery utilization, charging infrastructure availability, vehicle efficiency, electricity and gasoline prices, household vehicle ownership, daily driving patterns, discount rate, and perceived vehicle lifetime. Qualitative discussion of the framework and its empirical application to a sample (N = 36,664) representing new car drivers in the United States is included. The quantitative results strongly suggest that ranges of less than 100 miles are likely to be more popular in the BEV market for a long period of time. The average optimal range among U.S. drivers is found to be largely inelastic. Still, battery cost reduction significantly drives BEV demand toward longer ranges, whereas improvement in the charging infrastructure is found to significantly drive BEV demand toward shorter ranges. The bias of a single-range assumption and the effects of range optimization and diversification in reducing such biases are both found to be significant.
Effective medical leadership development for a complex NHS
Authors: Edmonstone John , Malby Rebecca
Published: August 2014

The NHS Leadership Academy in England is investing £46 million in a standardized model of development, with academic qualifications becoming essential in future NHS leadership roles. This represents a cul-de-sac for medical leaders because it is based on a series of misplaced assumptions about health-care leadership and its development.
College textbook reading assignments and class time activity
Authors: Aagaard Lola , Conner II Timothy W. , Skidmore Ronald L.
Published: August 2014

A convenient cluster sample of 105 undergraduate students at a regional university in the midsouth completed a survey regarding their use of college textbooks, what strategies might increase the likelihood of their reading textbook assignments, and their preference for how class time was used.  Descriptive analysis wa sconducted on the results and chi-square was run on 25 selected comparisons,with a Bonferroni correction of the resulting alphas.  About half the students reported that they do read the assigned textbook readings. Freshmen were significantly more likely to report that outside reading should not be required of students prior to comingto class, and less likely to report having used or known about e-textbooks. Strategies reported to most likely prompt reading the textbook included in-class quizzes over text material, assigning graded study-guides to complete while reading; testing over material found in the textbook but not covered in class; and assigning shorter reading assignments. Preferences for use of class time varied by experience in college, but the majority of students preferred group discussion and application of material to real life rather than just lecture over the textbook content.
Working Mis/Understandings: The Tangled Relationship between Kinship, Franco-Malagasy Binational Marriages, and the French State
Authors: Cole Jennifer
Published: August 2014

Marriage migration and family reunification have become one of the few ways for migrants from former French colonies to gain legal entry to France. As a result, love, marriage, and kinship have become central to the politics of contemporary border control. Based on extensive research with Franco-Malagasy families in southwestern France, this article examines how couples negotiate the complexities of their binational relationships in the context of state-fostered xenophobia and suspicion. I suggest the analytic of a working mis/understanding to capture how these marriages operate. While at one level the working mis/understanding enables Malagasy women and French men to bridge their different notions of kinship, at another level it naturalizes a long-standing colonial relationship between France and Madagascar. I further consider how the sociocultural dynamics of the working mis/understanding illuminate how state regulations produce the commodification of intimate relations allegedly intrinsic to these marriages.
Kennzahlen kooperativer Arbeitsbereiche
Authors: Prinz Wolfgang , Jeners Nils
Published: August 2014

Dieser Beitrag schlägt Kennzahlen und Metriken zur Analyse von gemeinsamen Arbeitsbereichen vor. Dazu werden die Benutzeraktivitäten in verschiedenen elektronischen Arbeitsbereichen des BSCW Systems untersucht und anhand der vorgeschlagenen Metriken Aktivität, Produktivität und Kooperativität verglichen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die ermittelten Metriken einerseits eine Zuordnung von Arbeitsbereichen zu einer Nutzungsintention, andererseits einen Benchmark untereinander ermöglichen. Eine weitere Erkenntnis ist, dass sich auch in der kooperativen Nutzung solcher Systeme das Paretoprinzip (80/20-Regel) für das Verhältnis zwischen aktiven und passiven Benutzern wiederfinden lässt. Zusätzlich zeigt die Untersuchung wie schnell Information innerhalb der Arbeitsbereiche gelesen und werden und wie hoch deren Anteil an der Gesamtmenge der ausgetauschten Information ist.
Collaborative elaboration of early innovation ideas
Authors: Kipp Philipp , Bittner Eva , Bretschneider Ulrich , Marco Jan
Published: August 2014

Web-based innovation platforms (WBIP) are common tools for the integration of customers and other external stakeholders into the product and service innovation processes of companies. WBIP of many large companies are very successful in generating many ideas. This leads to WBIP operators drowning in lots of possibly creative and high potential ideas, which are difficult to screen. Therefore, this paper suggests a collaboration process allowing customers to participate collaboratively in the elaboration of self-selected ideas. The collaboration process has been developed following the collaboration process design approach and was designed to be implemented on WBIP.
Nutzergenerierte Reisewarnungen auf Twitter: Eine Explorative Analyse
Authors: Noyen Kay , Wortmann Felix
Published: August 2014

Viele internationale auswärtige Ämter nutzen die Online-Plattform Twitter mittlerweile als Kanal für Reisewarnungen. Dieser neue Informationskanal erlaubt den Betrieb von Anwendungen, die einem breiten Publikum aktuelle, hochqualitative Reiserisikoinformationen zugänglich machen. Unsere explorative Forschung hat das Ziel, die Rolle der Informationsquelle und Zielgruppe einer solchen Anwendung zu untersuchen. Die Resultate unserer Analyse zeigen keine substantiellen Hinweise darauf, dass nutzergenerierte Inhalte per se ungeeignet als Informationsquelle sind. Zusätzlich zeigt unsere Analyse, dass Vielreisende eine besonders interessante Zielgruppe sind.
Einfluss von Layout-Prinzipien auf die ästhetische Wahrnehmung von Web-Seiten
Authors: Müller Kerstin , Schrepp Martin
Published: August 2014

Ein mittlerweile gut untersuchtes Phänomen ist der Zusammenhang zwischen wahrgenommener Usability und wahrgenommener Ästhetik. Wie mehrere Studien zeigten, werden als ästhetisch empfundene Produkte oft auch als gut und einfach bedienbar wahrgenommen. Ästhetische Gestaltung ist also ein wichtiges Kriterium für den Erfolg eines interaktiven Produkts. Für die Gestaltung einer Benutzerschnittstelle ist es daher wichtig zu wissen, wie sich konkrete Gestaltungsentscheidungen auf die ästhetische Wahrnehmung auswirken. Wir untersuchen mehrere bekannte Heuristiken für die Gestaltung des Layouts, d. h. der Anordnung der Elemente auf der Benutzerschnittstelle. In unserer Studie wurde überprüft, ob diese Layout-Prinzipien überhaupt einen Einfluss auf die ästhetische Wahrnehmung haben und ob sich die Stärke dieses Einflusses zwischen verschiedenen Layout-Prinzipien unterscheidet. Für die Studie wurden Varianten von acht Web- Seiten erstellt, die sich in Bezug auf die Layout-Prinzipien systematisch unterschieden. Die Teilnehmer der Studie hatten die Aufgabe, diese Varianten bzgl. ihres ästhetischen Eindrucks in eine Rangreihe zu bringen. Über eine Conjoint-Analyse wurde für die verschiedenen Gestaltungsmechanismen bestimmt, wie stark sie die ästhetische Wahrnehmung der Teilnehmer beeinflussten. Aus der Studie ergibt sich aus methodischer Sicht, dass sich Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung eines Layouts durch systematische Variation realer Web-Seiten in Verbindung mit einer Conjoint-Analyse relativ leicht ableiten lassen. Weiterhin konnten eine Reihe von Empfehlungen formuliert werden, die für konkrete Design-Entscheidungen hilfreich sein können.
Nutzerzentrierte Produktentwicklung im interdisziplinären Team
Authors: Endmann Anja
Published: August 2014

Kreative Lösungen entstehen nur in Ausnahmefällen durch Zufall oder durch „Heureka“-Momente einer einzelnen Person. Doch wie können Ideen und Konzepte entsprechend der Nutzerbedürfnisse, aber auch in Abhängigkeit der technischen Machbarkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit kostengünstig agil entwickelt werden? Innovation bei gleichzeitiger Senkung der Entwicklungskosten und -zeit kann durch zwei Aspekte erzielt werden: 1. die kontinuierliche Einbeziehung des Nutzers über den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess und 2. durch ein interdisziplinäres Projektteam, das über alle Phasen des Projektes zusammenarbeitet. Nur so lässt sich ein gemeinsames Verständnis für die Nutzer und deren Problemstellungen aufbauen sowie die Entwicklung einer innovativen, technisch realisierbaren, wirtschaftlichen und den Nutzerbedürfnissen entsprechende Lösungen realisieren. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt anhand eines Praxisbeispiels, wie eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit im Kontext einer nutzerzentrierten agilen Produktentwicklung funktionieren kann.
Intranets für den Praxiseinsatz
Authors: Wendland Karsten , Gumm Dorina , Hillen Meike
Published: August 2014

Das Intranet-Projekt der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main hat Modellcharakter für die Branche und ist von Klinikdirektoren und Klinik- CIOs zu einem der „5 IT-Schlüsselthemen des Jahres 2014“ gewählt worden. Zentrale Merkmale des Intranets sind sein streng Use Case-basierter Ansatz und der konsequente Einsatz von Open-Source-Technologien. Die Vorgehensweise ist partizipativ angelegt, greift Beiträge verschiedener Disziplinen auf und bearbeitet Widersprüche dort, wo sie auftreten. Derzeit wird die Vorgehensweise in drei fortführenden Modellprojekten unter den Strukturen von Klinik-Verbunden erprobt.
Les critères de (non-)maintien du néologisme par dérivation dans l’œuvre de Louis-Sébastien Mercier
Authors: Vaupot Sonia
Published: August 2014

La créativité lexicale de Louis-Sébastien Mercier est remarquable par sa grande variété et son souci de révolutionner la langue française. Pour analyser quelques critères de (non-) maintien du néologisme, nous avons choisi une création morphologique et sémantique qui aurait pu, selon nous, s’imposer dans la langue. Il nous a paru en effet intéressant de comprendre ce qui a motivé le choix du néologisme frivoliste, mais aussi d’observer les règles suivies par Mercier. Nous nous demanderons également si l’application des principes nécessaires à toute nouvelle création suffit à légitimer l’usage d’un néologisme et pourquoi ce mot n’a été ni propagé par son auteur, ni repris par l’usage établi.
Topografia e toponomastica nella poesia italiana delle origini
Authors: Morabito Patrizio
Published: August 2014

Sono studiate le citazioni di toponimi ed etnici nella poesia italiana delle origini. Si argomenta come siano legate al genere della poesia: topiche nel religioso, biografiche in quello politico, comico o lirico. Il criterio biografico, che deriva dai trovatori, permette di contestualizzare poesie di crociata come Gia` mai non mi conforto e di risolvere la «questione» dell’invio di Lontano amore manda sospiri di Giacomino Pugliese. Sono, inoltre, analizzati i criteri di citazione dei toponimi nelle liriche, menzionati sempre in congedi o in rima. Infine è rilevata l’assenza di varianti per i riferimenti geografici.
Un oronyme d’origine romaine en Transylvanie: Bigla
Authors: Moldovanu Dragoş
Published: August 2014

Il faut considérer l’oronyme roumain Bigla un archaïsme latin, qui peut
être intégré dans une série d’oronymes balkaniques. Provenu de l’a. gr. βίγλα
‘poste de garde, observateur’ (< lat. pop. *VIGLA), le mot a été transmis comme
tel à la population latinophone, de même que d’autres mots d’origine latine dont
l’évolution prouve une médiation phonétique grecque. Devenu *Bigl’a en protoroumain,
l’oronyme a supporté la dépalatalisation sous l’influence des parlers
sud-slaves orientales. Il représente une preuve linguistique capitale pour la
continuité des Roumains en Transylvanie.
Der Blick über den eigenen Gartenzaun schadet nicht
Authors: Schmitt Christian
Published: August 2014

Der Autor erarbeitet auf der Grundlage der romanischen wie auch
nicht-romanischer Sprachen am Beispiel lt. avicellus ‘Vöglein’ Prinzipien des
Bedeutungswandels im Rahmen der Vergleichenden Bezeichnungslehre und
postuliert – ausgehend von der sicher und gut dokumentierten, auf Metaphorisierung
gründenden Bedeutungsentwicklung Vogel → Penis – nicht nur Korrekturen
für romanische etymologische Wörterbücher, sondern insbesondere auch
eine Neudeutung für dt. vögeln als denominale Bildung, mit Hinweis auf eine
ausgeprägte europäische Isosemie.
Adverbiale Satzverknüpfungen im Portugiesischen und Deutschen: Schnittstellen zwischen Syntax, Semantik und Diskurs
Authors: Blühdorn Hardarik , Reichmann Tinka
Published: August 2014

This article deals with finite adverbial subordinate clauses and adverbial infinitivals. In Portuguese, as in other Romance languages, adverbial infinitivals are used more frequently and for a greater diversity of functions than in German. The article focuses on the semantic and textual differences between finite clauses and infinitivals. It is shown that infinitivals, by means of their introducing prepositions, link the described state of affairs to the surrounding text (sentence coherence). As they lack a verbal mood component, they cannot connect the state of affairs to the speaker and the ongoing discourse. Finite adverbial clauses are linked to their syntactic context by means of subordinating conjunctions. In addition, they are connected deictically to the speaker and the ongoing discourse by the verbal tense and mood components (discourse coherence).
Optimal Linear Regression Estimator in the Fitting of Weibull Strength Distribution
Authors: Nohut Serkan , Lu Chunsheng , Gorjan Lovro
Published: August 2014

The strength of ceramics is characterized by a wide scatter because of pre-existing cracks that occur during the manufacturing and machining processes. The Weibull distribution is one of the most widely used functions for the characterization of strength data. A linear regression method is generally applied in the estimation of Weibull parameters for its simplicity and low overestimation, in which probability estimators play an important role. In this paper, an optimal probability estimator for different sample sizes is obtained by using alumina strength data. In comparison with other commonly used estimators, the optimal probability estimator shows less bias and higher safety. The performance of the optimal probability estimator is also verified by other experimental strength data. In conclusion, an optimal probability estimator constant of 0.25 is suggested in practical applications.
Parameter Dependency of Activation Energy in Modulated Thermogravimetry
Authors: Slough Carlton G.
Published: August 2014

Modulated thermogravimetry (MTG) was introduced by Blaine and Hahn (“Obtaining Kinetic Parameters by Modulated Thermogravimetry,” J. Therm. Anal., Vol. 54, 1998, pp. 694–704) of TA Instruments. Since that time it has found popularity as a technique for obtaining activation energies of degradation processes of various materials (Gamlin, C. D., Dutta, N. K., Choudhury, N. Roy, Kehoe, D., and Matisons, J., “Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal and Oxidative Decomposition of Base Oils by Conventional Isothermal and Modulated TGA and Pressure DSC,” Thermochim. Acta, Vols. 392–393, 2002, pp. 357–369; Mamleev, V. and Bourbigot, S., “Modulated Thermogravimetry in Analysis of Decomposition Kinetics,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 60, 2005, pp. 747–766; Gracia-Fernandez, C. A., Gomez-Barreiro, S., Ruiz-Salvador, S. and Blaine, R.L., “Study of the Degradation of a Thermoset System Using TGA and Modulated TGA,” Prog. Organ. Coatings, Vol. 54, 2005, pp. 332–336; Cheng, K., Winter, W. T. and Stipanovic, A. J., “A Modulated TGA Approach to the Kinetics of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis/Combustion,” Polym. Degrad. Stab., Vol. 97, 2012, pp. 1606–1615). MTG experiments require several parameters, modulation amplitude, modulation period, and ramp rate, to be set. Blaine and Hahn proposed values for these parameters, but no extensive work has been done to define the true operating range of these parameters and the effects on the measured activation energy of varying them. Results reported here attempt to define more clearly the operational boundaries of these parameters, how activation energy changes with them, and how it can be determined that the parameters are chosen correctly.
Caracterización bioquímica de microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla con potencial como biofertilizantes.
Authors: Álvarez-López Claudia , Osorio-Vega Walter , Díez-Gómez María Claudia , Marín-Montoya Mauricio
Published: August 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad bioquímica in vitro con potencial biofertilizante en microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla. Se realizó una confirmación fenotípica de la identidad taxonómica de los microorganismos más eficientes en las diferentes pruebas. Los aislamientos se llevaron a cabo durante el año 2011 en cultivos de vainilla bajo cobertizos de techo-sombra en el municipio de Sopetrán (Antioquia, Colombia). Los solubilizadores de fosfato inorgánico más efectivos correspondieron a dos bacterias, una del género Serratia y la otra identificada como Pseudomonas koreensis. Entre los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato orgánico el más eficiente fue el hongo Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Los celulolíticos más efectivos fueron los hongos Penicillium griseofulvum y Aspergillus fumigatus; por su alta actividad proteolítica/amonificante se identificaron las bacterias del complejo Bacillus cereus y Serratia sp. Finalmente, entre las bacterias asimbióticas fijadoras de nitrógeno tres cepas de Pseudomonas koreensis, crecieron rápida y abundantemente en el medio selectivo libre de nitrógeno. Para estas bacterias, mediante PCR específico se detectó, la presencia del gen NifH responsable de esta actividad metabólica. La diversidad funcional de los microorganismos encontrados, abre la posibilidad de ser empleados como biofertilizantes en el cultivo de vainilla.
Pudrición basal causada por Phytophthora capcisi en plantas de chile tratadas con vermicompost
Authors: Uribe-Lorío Lidieth , Castro-Barquero Leida , Arauz-Cavallini Felipe , Henríquez-Henríquez Carlos , Blanco-Meneses Mónica
Published: August 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar a nivel de invernadero el efecto de vermicompost sobre la incidencia y severidad de Phytophthora capcisi en plantas de chile (Capsicum annuum). Esta investigación se realizó entre febrero y marzo del 2012 en el Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Sabanilla, San José, Costa Rica. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones y ocho plantas por unidad experimental en un arreglo factorial con los factores de dosis (0, 25% y 50% v/v vermicompost:suelo) e inoculación (0 y 500 zoosporas por gramo de suelo). Se trasplantaron plántulas de 35 días, que fueron inoculadas dos semanas después del trasplante. La aplicación de vermicompost provocó un aumento significativo del peso fresco foliar y del peso seco foliar y radical; a mayor dosis, mayor fue el incremento. Las plantas de todos los tratamientos que incluyeron inoculación con P. capsici presentaron síntomas de la enfermedad en la raíz. Los valores de incidencia y severidad fueron mayores para el tratamiento con 50% de abono. En este tratamiento se presentaron síntomas de marchitez. La ausencia de diferencias en las variables de peso fresco y seco entre los tratamientos inoculados y sin inocular, a los que se adicionó abono al 25%, sugiere que esta dosis podría compensar el daño causado por el patógeno. Se observó una menor concentración de nutrimentos en los tejidos de las plantas inoculadas lo que indica que el daño causado a la raíz pudo haber afectado la adquisición de nutrimentos.
Meta-análisis de los subproductos de piña (Ananas comosus) para la alimentación animal.
Authors: López-Herrera Michael , WingChing-Jones Rodolfo , Rojas-Baurrillón Augusto
Published: August 2014

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el uso potencial de los sub-productos del cultivo de la piña para su empleo en la dieta de animales rumiantes. Se realizó una recopilación y análisis estadístico de la información obtenida de diferentes investigaciones realizadas hasta el año 2013 a nivel mundial, para la caracterización nutricional de la piña: planta entera, rastrojo (hojas, hijos y tallo), corona, corazón, cáscara y pulpa de la fruta, tallo y raíces, para optimizar su uso en la alimentación de animales rumiantes. Se comparó el efecto que tiene el manejo que se proporciona a los subproductos, siendo las variables de esta comparación, el proceso de ensilaje, el secado o el material fresco sin ningún tipo de aditivo. La composición nutricional de los materiales varió de acuerdo a la parte de la planta. Las raíces presentaron el mayor contenido de materia seca, fibra detergente neutro, fibra detergente ácido, lignina y cenizas. Mientras que las coronas y los rastrojos mostraron mayores contenidos de proteína cruda y energía, pero menor contenido de materia seca. Hubo una diferencia entre el proceso de deshidratado y el material fresco o ensilado, no así entre los materiales con alto contenido de humedad. Los subproductos obtenidos de los sistemas de producción de piña, tuvieron contenidos de energía y nutrimentos que permitirían su utilización como parte de la ración en la alimentación de rumiantes sin perjudicar su desempeño productivo.
EDITORIAL: EL INGREDIENTE EXPERIENCIA EN EL APRENDIZAJE UNIVERSITARIO (PERSPECTIVA DE UN EDUCADOR FÍSICO)
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2014

Se presenta en este editoral un ensayo de reflexión sobre el papel que juegan las experiencias en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios. Se aprovecha una pequeña colección de anécdotas para ilustrar algunos conceptos básicos del aprendizaje por experiencias: el peligro de los aprendizajes incompletos que dan una falsa sensación de seguridad; la importancia de la pregunta fascinante y cómo se traduce esa pregunta fascinante en la enseñanza de destrezas en educación física y deportes; el poder de las emociones en el proceso de aprendizaje; la extensión de las experiencias más allá de las destrezas involucradas; y la necesidad de complementar las experiencias con la reflexión, asimilación y desarrollo de modelos, donde la persona que tiene el papel docente debe ser siempre intencional, orientada a los logros.
Efecto agudo de circuitos de ejercicios aeróbicos, contra resistencia o combinados sobre la presión arterial de mujeres con hipertensión
Authors: Carpio Rivera Elizabeth , Solera Herrera Andrea
Published: August 2014

Carpio-Rivera, E. y Solera-Herrera, A. (2012). Efecto agudo de circuitos de ejercicios aeróbicos, contra resistencia o combinados sobre la presión arterial de mujeres con hipertensión. Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 10 (2), 1-12. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto agudo de los diferentes tipos de ejercicios realizados en circuito sobre la presión arterial de reposo en mujeres con hipertensión. Nueve participantes entrenadas (edad 53.22 ± 4.67 años), hipertensas, medicadas con enalapril, participaron en cuatro condiciones de ejercicio realizadas en días diferentes, siguiendo un diseño de investigación de medidas repetidas aleatorizadas: (1) A: ejercicio aeróbico (realizado en steps), (2) R: ejercicio contra resistencia (trabajo de máquinas), (3) AR: ejercicio combinado (alternando steps y máquinas cada 30 segundos) y (4) C: condición control (30 minutos en reposo). Las condiciones de ejercicios se realizaron durante 30 minutos al 70% de la FC máxima y la presión arterial en reposo se midió 5 minutos antes e inmediatamente después de cada condición. Los ANOVA de dos vías detectaron interacción significativa entre condiciones y mediciones sobre la presión arterial sistólica (PAs) (p< 0.05). Los análisis post hoc de Tukey indicaron que mientras se da un aumento significativo de PAs luego de las condiciones de ejercicio (A: +19 mmHg; R: +28 mmHg; AR: +22 mmHg), la PAs se mantuvo igual durante la condición control. En contraste, no se encontró ningún efecto significativo de los diferentes tipos de ejercicio sobre la presión arterial diastólica (PAd). En conclusión, la elevación aguda de la PAs producida por este tipo de ejercicio contra resistencia es similar al aumento producido por el ejercicio aeróbico.
Editorial: LA MAGNITUD DE LO QUE SABEMOS VIS-À-VIS LO QUE NO SABEMOS
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2014

Reflexión sobre el aporte de las revistas científicas al conocimiento
Costa Rica sin Fronteras #6
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2014

En esta sección se publican los resúmenes en español de artículos que han sido publicados por investigadoras/es de universidades costarricenses en otras revistas en el mundo, con su debida referencia al trabajo original, y con una breve explicación de dónde se realizó la investigación. Los artículos originales han sido publicados en otros idiomas; las revistas tienen consejo editorial y manejan un proceso de revisión por pares.  Los resúmenes corresponden a estudios que se conforman a los criterios generales de la revista, esto es, se trata de “... estudios experimentales o que hagan recomendaciones concretas para solucionar problemas o preguntas relevantes (...) trabajos originales o de meta-análisis.” Solicitamos a las personas que han publicado este tipo de trabajos en otros idiomas que no los hagan saber, para incluir sus resúmenes aquí.
Energy Thermodynamics Revisited: Energy intake strategies for optimizing athlete body composition and performance
Authors: Benardot Dan
Published: August 2014

A key feature of physical activity is that it results in an increased rate of energy expenditure and, as a result of metabolic inefficiencies that lead to high heat production, an increase in the requirement to dissipate the added heat through sweat.  Nevertheless, surveys commonly find that athletes fail to optimally satisfy both energy and fluid needs, causing them to perform at levels below their conditioned capacities.  To some extent this problem results from an excess reliance on the sensations of ‘hunger’ and ‘thirst’ to guide energy and fluid intakes, but there are also common misunderstandings of the best eating strategies for achieving optimal body composition and performance.  The need to improve the strength-to-weight ratio to enable an enhanced ability to overcome sport-related resistance can be misinterpreted as a need to be ‘small’, which may result in an under-consumption of energy through restrained eating and special ‘diets’.  The outcome, however, is nearly always the precise opposite of the desired effect, with lower strength-to-weight ratios that result in an ever-increasing downward spiral in energy and fluid consumption.  This paper focuses on within-day energy balance eating and drinking strategies that are now successfully followed by many elite-level athletes.  These strategies can help athletes avoid the common errors of under-consumption while simultaneously improving both body composition and performance.
Costa Rica sin Fronteras #8
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2014

En esta sección se publican los resúmenes en español de artículos que han sido publicados por investigadoras/es de universidades costarricenses en otras revistas en el mundo, con su debida referencia al trabajo original, y con una breve explicación de dónde se realizó la investigación. Los artículos originales han sido publicados en otros idiomas; las revistas tienen consejo editorial y manejan un proceso de revisión por pares.    Los resúmenes corresponden a estudios relacionados con las ciencias del ejercicio y la salud, que se conforman a los criterios generales de la revista, esto es, se trata de “... estudios experimentales o que hagan recomendaciones concretas para solucionar problemas o preguntas relevantes (...) trabajos originales o de meta-análisis.” Solicitamos a las personas que han publicado este tipo de trabajos en otros idiomas que no los hagan saber, para incluir sus resúmenes aquí.
Editorial: autoría, originalidad y transparencia
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2014

Se comentan las políticas de la revista conforme a las tendencias editoriales internacionales.