bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fully Automated Segmentation Algorithm for Perihematomal Edema Volumetry After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ironside Natasha , Chen Ching-Jen , Mutasa Simukayi , Sim Justin L. , Ding Dale , Marfatiah Saurabh , Roh David , Mukherjee Sugoto , Johnston Karen C. , Southerland Andrew M. , Mayer Stephan A. , Lignelli Angela , Connolly Edward Sander
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a promising surrogate marker of secondary brain injury in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, but it can be challenging to accurately and rapidly quantify. The aims of this study are to derive and internally validate a fully automated segmentation algorithm for volumetric analysis of PHE.

Methods—

Inpatient computed tomography scans of 400 consecutive adults with spontaneous, supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage enrolled in the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes Project (2009–2018) were separated into training (n=360) and test (n=40) datasets. A fully automated segmentation algorithm was derived from manual segmentations in the training dataset using convolutional neural networks, and its performance was compared with that of manual and semiautomated segmentation methods in the test dataset.

Results—

The mean volumetric dice similarity coefficients for the fully automated segmentation algorithm were 0.838±0.294 and 0.843±0.293 with manual and semiautomated segmentation methods as reference standards, respectively. PHE volumes derived from the fully automated versus manual (r=0.959;
P
<0.0001), fully automated versus semiautomated (r=0.960;
P
<0.0001), and semiautomated versus manual (r=0.961;
P
<0.0001) segmentation methods had strong between-group correlations. The fully automated segmentation algorithm (mean 18.0±1.8 seconds/scan) quantified PHE volumes at a significantly faster rate than both of the manual (mean 316.4±168.8 seconds/scan;
P
<0.0001) and semiautomated (mean 480.5±295.3 seconds/scan;
P
<0.0001) segmentation methods.

Conclusions—

The fully automated segmentation algorithm accurately quantified PHE volumes from computed tomography scans of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage patients with high fidelity and greater efficiency compared with manual and semiautomated segmentation methods. External validation of fully automated segmentation for assessment of PHE is warranted.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Savitz Sean , Pujara Deep , Kamal Haris , Carroll Kirsten , Shaker Faris , Reddy Sujan , Parsha Kaushik , Fournier Lauren E. , Jones Erica M. , Sharrief Anjail , Martin-Schild Sheryl , Grotta James
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

Timely access to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) centers is vital for best acute ischemic stroke outcomes.

Methods—

US stroke-treating centers were mapped utilizing geo-mapping and stratified into non-EVT or EVT if they reported ≥1 acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy code in 2017 to Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Direct EVT-access, defined as the population with the closest facility being an EVT-center, was calculated from validated trauma-models adapted for stroke. Current 15- and 30-minute access were described nationwide and at state-level with emphasis on 4 states (TX, NY, CA, IL). Two optimization models were utilized. Model-A used a greedy algorithm to capture the largest population with direct access when flipping 10% and 20% non-EVT to EVT-centers to maximize access. Model-B used bypassing methodology to directly transport patients to the nearest EVT centers if the drive-time difference from the geo-centroid to hospital was within 15 minutes from the geo-centroid to the closest non-EVT center.

Results—

Of 1941 stroke-centers, 713 (37%) were EVT. Approximately 61 million (19.8%) Americans have direct EVT access within 15 minutes while 95 million (30.9%) within 30 minutes. There were 65 (43%) EVT centers in TX with 22% of the population currently within 15-minute access. Flipping 10% hospitals with top population density improved access to 30.8%, while bypassing resulted in 45.5% having direct access to EVT centers. Similar results were found in NY (current, 20.9%; flipping, 34.7%; bypassing, 50.4%), CA (current, 25.5%; flipping, 37.3%; bypassing, 53.9%), and IL (current, 15.3%; flipping, 21.9%; bypassing, 34.6%). Nationwide, the current direct access within 15 minutes of 19.8% increased by 7.5% by flipping the top 10% non-EVT to EVT-capable in all states. Bypassing non-EVT centers by 15 minutes resulted in a 16.7% gain in coverage.

Conclusions—

EVT-access within 15 minutes is limited to less than one-fifth of the US population. Optimization methodologies that increase EVT centers or bypass non-EVT to the closest EVT center both showed enhanced access. Results varied by states based on the population size and density. However, bypass showed more potential for maximizing direct EVT-access. National and state efforts should focus on identifying gaps and tailoring solutions to improve EVT-access.
Macro- and microhabitat preferences of eastern Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)
Authors: Nikolić Marko , Cvetković Jovana , Stojadinović Dragana , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka
Published: February 2020

Macro- and microhabitat preference of Testudo hermanni boettgeri, the eastern subspecies of Hermann’s tortoise, was investigated utilizing modified methodology for the western subspecies which emphasized the importance of habitat heterogeneity preservation. The study objective was to explore the habitat preferences of the eastern subspecies of T. hermanni. Research was conducted within the same year at four localities in Eastern and Southeastern Serbia. Macrohabitat determination was conducted using a 0 to 5 land cover score system (coverage with herbaceous, bushy or tree vegetation) for 4 m2 tortoise encounter surroundings. Microhabitat analysis was carried out by determining the plant species in closest contact with the tortoise in the moment of recording. Plants were classified into six groups: 1) aromatic, 2) bramble, 3) herbaceous, 4) thorny shrub, 5) tree and 6) non-thorny shrubs. test was used for comparison between expected and empirical habitat preference. Results confirmed that the most attractive macrohabitats for Eastern Hermann’s tortoises in this part of the Balkans are meadows and open shrublands, with the addition of dense forest (important in wormer months), what is concordant with earlier data from the Mediterranean part of former Yugoslavia. The most attractive microhabitats were “herbaceous plants”, followed by “bramble”.
On the nomenclature of Cyrtorhininae Guinot, 1993 (Brachyura, Raninoidea)
Authors: Guinot Danièle , Ng Peter K. L.
Published: February 2020

The podotreme brachyuran subfamily Cyrtorhinae was established by Guinot (1993) for Cyrtorhina Monod, 1956, an unusual raninid genus from the Atlantic and Western Pacific. Although the family-group name has been accepted and used widely, it is not available for nomenclatural purposes. The present note serves to validate the name Cyrtorhininae.
Antibacterial and antiproteinase activities of a double whey acidic protein domain-containing protein from Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Authors: Sakunwattana Taksaorn , Jaree Phattarunda , Rimphanitchayakit Vichien , Tassanakajon Anchalee , Tharntada Sirinit
Published: February 2020

Double whey acidic protein domain-containing proteins (DWDs) or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI)-like proteins, have been identified in many species of Crustacea. The PvDWD1 from Penaeus vannamei was the first SLPI-like protein identified in a crustacean. Herein, we report that the expression of PvDWD1 was up-regulated at 6 h after acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) challenge. Similarly, after a different stress other than bacterial infection, the chronic non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) induction, the expression of the PvDWD1 gene was increased at 6 and 24 h after chronic NLHS treatment. The recombinant PvDWD1 (rPvDWD1) protein was over-expressed and tested for its deleterious activity against the bacteria. The rPvDWD1 protein exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus megaterium and VPAHPND. Moreover, the rPvDWD1 protein possessed an antiproteinase activity against the secreted proteinases from Bacillus subtilis and VPAHPND. The PvDWD1 perhaps functions in shrimp immunity through antimicrobial and antiproteinase properties.
Theory of mind as a proxy for Palaeolithic language ability
Authors: Stade Cory Marie
Published: February 2020

Symbolic artefacts have long been archaeology’s primary contribution to tracing the origin and subsequent development of human language. But the identification and interpretation of symbolic behaviour poses numerous interpretive problems, particularly before the Upper Palaeolithic where clearly referential forms of symbolic material are rare. As an alternative, theory of mind is presented here, detailing its intimate relationship with language and likely coevolution, alongside the factors which make it a more effective proxy. As a cognitive ability that grades in complexity and predicts linguistic skill in modern cognition, theory of mind also has the potential to denote specific syntactic and semantic features of language such as word reference, mental state verbs and complementation. The potential to detect theory of mind in the archaeological record is considered here, such as within the cultural transmission of stone tool technology and forms of complex social learning like imitation and teaching in early hominin technologies.
Navicula watveae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) a new diatom species from the Western Ghats, India

Authors: RADHAKRISHNAN CHERAN , PARDHI SAMADHAN , KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM , KOCIOLEK J. PATRICK , KARTHICK BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: February 2020

A new species of Navicula sensu stricto is described from a small stream from the Kaas Plateau in the northern part of the Western Ghats of India. The species is presented with light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with similar species like Navicula reinhardtii, N sovereignii, N. aurora and N. gogorevii. This taxon is characterized by rhomboid shape, elongated lineolae, short striae at the central area giving a distinctive shape, and narrowly-rounded apices. The discovery of this taxon signifies that a significant number of species to be discovered in this biodiverse region of peninsular India, especially unique habitats like lateritic plateaus.
Communication of Hazards in Mixed-Reality Telerobotic Systems: The Usage of Naturalistic Avoidance Cues in Driving Tasks
Authors: Valner Robert , Dydynski Jason Mario , Cho Sookyung , Kruusamäe Karl
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study investigates the effect of naturalistic visual cues on human avoidance behavior for a potential use in telerobotic user interfaces incorporating mixed-reality environments (e.g., augmented reality).

Background

Telerobotic systems used in hazardous environments require interfaces that draw operators’ attention to potential dangers. Existing means of hazard notification can often distract or induce stress in operators. In the design and implementation of such interfaces, visual semiotics plays a critical role in creating more effective interfaces. Naturalistic visual cues such as Aposematism or Kindchenschema have proven effective to communicate danger or caution in nature, but the application of these cues in visual systems have yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Method

A study was conducted where 40 volunteering participants were asked to control a remote vehicle in a simulated environment. The environment contained a set of neutral and visually augmented obstacles that were designed to provoke avoidance behavior.

Results

The use of visual cues triggered greater avoidance behaviors in participants compared to neutral obstacles. The distance of avoidance was correlated with the type of cue present, with obstacles augmented by Aposematism (Cue A) having a greater participant–obstacle distance than Kindchenschema (Cue K).

Conclusions

This study shows the potential for the incorporation of naturalistic visual cues as a means to designate warning or caution in telerobotic environments.

Applications

The findings can offer practical guidelines for the design of visual cues in telerobotic interfaces. The further incorporation of such cues may reduce operator stress and the amount of human errors in telerobotic operations.
Exploring the role of the British Transport Police in responding to ‘County Lines’ drug markets: Enforcement and safeguarding perspectives
Authors: Blakeburn Michael , Smith Richard
Published: February 2020

This article considers ‘County Lines’ drug markets, specifically in the context of the interventions available to the British Transport Police to deal with this damaging criminal modality. Further, this article identifies the active role the organisation is playing in protecting the interests of vulnerable people. Through a review of contemporary literature and a qualitative empirical study involving influential practitioners in the field, this article identifies that encouraging steps are being taken to deal with this complex problem and that the sharing of information between agencies remains one of the key challenges to overcome.
Between Two Worlds? Research Engagement Dilemmas of University English Language Teachers in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Mai Trang
Published: February 2020

If enhancing the connection between teaching and research has been highlighted in the general English language teaching profession, does English teaching at university – the ivory tower characterized by research – face the same issue? And how might this affect how the profession is perceived? This study provides an in-depth examination of how university English language teaching (ELT) teachers conceptualize research and their doing research, and discusses the issue in connection with the notion of profession. The study uses teacher cognition semi-structured interviewing with faculty members teaching English at a university in Vietnam. The results show ELT faculty construct different versions of research to rationalize their attitudes, self-awareness, and practices: research as irrelevant impositions, research as desirable but unfeasible goals, and research as practical, inner calls. Revealing this group’s dilemmas between two worlds – practitioners and academics, external pressures and internal values, visions and realities, – the study argues that to increase research engagement, practical support is needed, but a reconceptualization of research is also an important factor. Also, understanding and realizing the teaching-research nexus in ELT hold implications for the profession’s status and the professional’s identity and autonomy.
Representation Is Not Enough: Symbolic Representation and Perceptions of the Police
Authors: Benton Mark
Published: February 2020

Representation in government tends to improve clients’ outcomes, but often has not done so for Black police clients. Representation may have perceptual effects on Black clients separate from its ability to influence outcomes. This mixed-methods research examines representation’s effects on Blacks’ perceptions of police. Representation did not seem to improve perceptions. Results led to a consideration of why representation was not effective. Qualitative analysis revealed that some Black police clients see Black officers as more like White officers than themselves. Participants came to understand that representation did not improve outcomes and adjusted their perceptions of Black officers.
Promoting narrative skills in 5- to 8-year-old French-speaking children: The effects of a short conversational intervention
Authors: Veneziano Edy , Le Normand Marie-Thérèse , Plumet Marie-Helène , Elie-Deschamps Juliette
Published: February 2020

Previous studies of narrative development based on wordless picture stories indicate that before 7–8 years most children provide descriptive narratives with little inferential content such as explanations and attribution of mental states to the story characters. These components find greater expression in studies where children participated in conversations focused on the causes of the events. In the present study, 84 French-speaking children, from kindergarten to second grade, narrated the Stone story (a wordless five-picture story whose plot is based on a misunderstanding between two characters) before and after a short conversational intervention (SCI) focused on the causes of the events, as well as one week later when they also narrated a new story. Thirty additional children served as the Control group: instead of the SCI they played a Memory game with a set of cards containing the pictures of the Stone story. Children in the SCI group increased the inferential content of the narrative produced after the SCI, thus confirming with a larger sample findings obtained in previous studies. Moreover, results provide new evidence that the immediate improvements in inferential content were still present after a week’s delay and could also be applied to a new story. All narratives produced after the SCI were also longer and contained more markers of causality. The effect was stronger in first and second graders than in kindergarten children. By contrast, no significant improvements were found in the children of the Control group on any of the measures. Such results highlight the effectiveness of the SCI in promoting children’s narrative skills, its usefulness in their assessment, and have important implications for a better understanding of narrative development.
Islamophobia as racialised biopolitics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Abbas Tahir
Published: February 2020

This article provides a Foucauldian perspective on the racialised biopolitics of Islamophobia in the global north. It is argued that a pervasive, wide-ranging racialised logos is being used to undermine the citizenship potential of Muslim groups now forming an active presence in urban concentrations across wide political and cultural spaces. The negative characterisations of Muslim minority groups in the global north focus on various parameters of othering, with the experiences of Muslim minorities in the United Kingdom acting as a test case. A dominant hegemonic discourse perpetuates the view that British Muslims are undesirable because (a) they embody the most extreme ‘other’, (b) they are a risk to national security due to dangers associated with inherent radicalisation and (c) Muslim voices of resistance are untrustworthy. These forms of Islamophobia provide perspectives on anti-immigration, xenophobia and depopulation that racialises the Muslim minority category in the sphere of neoliberal globalised capital accumulation. It has significant local area implications for Muslim minority and wider identitarian politics, ultimately perpetuating a cyclical process through which political biases within dominant politics reproduce the racialised discourses of Islamophobia.
Perceptions of Racial Slurs Used by Black Individuals Toward White Individuals: Derogation or Affiliation?
Authors: O’Dea Conor J. , Saucier Donald A.
Published: February 2020

Research suggests that racial slurs may be “reclaimed” by the targeted group to convey affiliation rather than derogation. Although it is most common in intragroup uses (e.g., “nigga” by a Black individual toward another Black individual), intergroup examples of slur reappropriation (e.g., “nigga” by a Black individual toward a White individual) are also common. However, majority and minority group members’ perceptions of intergroup slur reappropriation remain untested. We examined White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) individuals’ perceptions of the reappropriated terms, “nigga” and “nigger” compared with a control term chosen to be a non-race-related, neutral term (“buddy”), a nonracial derogative term (“asshole”) and a White racial slur (“cracker”) used by a Black individual toward a White individual. We found that the intergroup use of reappropriated slurs was perceived quite positively by both White and Black individuals. Our findings have important implications for research on intergroup relations and the reappropriation of slurs.
The serotonin 2A receptor agonist 25CN-NBOH increases murine heart rate and neck-arterial blood flow in a temperature-dependent manner
Authors: Buchborn Tobias , Lyons Taylor , Song Chenchen , Feilding Amanda , Knöpfel Thomas
Published: February 2020

Background:

Serotonin 2A receptors, the molecular target of psychedelics, are expressed by neuronal and vascular cells, both of which might contribute to brain haemodynamic characteristics for the psychedelic state.

Aim:

Aiming for a systemic understanding of psychedelic vasoactivity, here we investigated the effect of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine – a new-generation agonist with superior serotonin 2A receptor selectivity – on brain-supplying neck-arterial blood flow.

Methods:

We recorded core body temperature and employed non-invasive, collar-sensor based pulse oximetry in anesthetised mice to extract parameters of local blood perfusion, oxygen saturation, heart and respiration rate. Hypothesising an overlap between serotonergic pulse- and thermoregulation, recordings were done under physiological and elevated pad temperatures.

Results:

N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) significantly increased the frequency of heart beats accompanied by a slight elevation of neck-arterial blood flow. Increasing the animal-supporting heat-pad temperature from 37°C to 41°C enhanced the drug’s effect on blood flow while counteracting tachycardia. Additionally, N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine promoted bradypnea, which, like tachycardia, quickly reversed at the elevated pad temperature. The interrelatedness of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine’s respiro-cardiovascular effects and thermoregulation was further corroborated by the drug selectively increasing the core body temperature at the elevated pad temperature. Arterial oxygen saturation was not affected by N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine at either temperature.

Conclusions:

Our findings imply that selective serotonin 2A receptor activation modulates systemic cardiovascular functioning in orchestration with thermoregulation and with immediate relevance to brain-imminent neck (most likely carotid) arteries. As carotid branching is a critical last hub to channel cardiovascular output to or away from the brain, our results might have implications for the brain haemodynamics associated with psychedelia.
Diagnostic performance of CT and the use of GI contrast material for detection of hollow viscus injury after penetrating abdominal trauma. Experience from a level 1 Nordic trauma center
Authors: Thorisdottir Sigurveig , Oladottir Gudrun L , Nummela Mari T , Koskinen Seppo K
Published: February 2020

Background

Use of gastrointestinal (GI) contrast material for computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of hollow viscus injury (HVI) after penetrating abdominal trauma is still controversial.

Purpose

To assess the sensitivity of CT and GI contrast material use in detecting HVI after penetrating abdominal trauma.

Material and Methods

Retrospective analysis (2013–2016) of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma. Data from the local trauma registry, medical records, and imaging from PACS were reviewed. CT and surgical findings were compared.

Results

Of 636 patients with penetrating trauma, 177 (163 men, 14 women) had abdominal trauma (mean age 34 years, age range 16–88 years): 155/177 (85%) were imaged with CT on arrival; 128/155 (83%) were stab wounds and 21/155 (14%) were gunshot wounds; 47/155 (30%) had emergent surgery after CT. Two patients were imaged using oral, rectal and i.v. contrast; 23 with rectal and i.v. contrast; and 22 with i.v. contrast only. Surgery revealed HVI in 26 patients. CT had an overall sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 90.5%, PPV 90.0%, and NPV 70.4%. CT with oral and/or rectal contrast (n = 25) had sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 71.4%, PPV 85.7%, and NPV 45.5%. CT with i.v. contrast only (n = 22) had 75% sensitivity, 100% specificity, PPV 100%, and NPV 87.5%. No statistically significant difference was found between sensitivity of CT with GI contrast material and i.v. contrast only ( P = 1).

Conclusion

Stab wounds were the most common cause of penetrating abdominal trauma. CT had 69.2% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity in detecting HVI. CT with GI contrast had similar sensitivity as CT with i.v. contrast only.
Segmenting the city: McDonald’s, the Metro, and the mobilization of the middle classes underground
Authors: O’Neill Bruce
Published: February 2020

Following Romania’s accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007, a wave of foreign direct investment quickly transformed its capital city, Bucharest, into a global leader in business services. With this new economy came new middle classes whose turn toward auto-mobility materially overwhelmed the city center. To preserve the quality and character of the city, urban planners and bureaucrats proposed to “mobilize” the middle classes underground by incorporating global brands, such as McDonald’s, inside Metro stations. This essay details these ongoing efforts to segment vertically the city above from the city belowground, professional elites from the middle classes, through an analysis of the staged materiality of two McDonald’s restaurants located one beneath the other. How and to what effect, this essay asks, is the urban underground staged to mobilize the middle classes? This is a historical and ethnographic line of inquiry taken from Bucharest that resonates with cities the world over, where the demands of development have pushed cities not just upwards into the sky, and outwards toward the periphery, but also deep underground in ways that vertically segment the experience of urban life.
Financialization and Innovation Short-termism in OECD Countries
Authors: Lee Young Soo , Kim Han Sung , Hwan Joo Seo
Published: February 2020

This study looks at how financialization has changed technology innovation strategy. It is our contention that, as conditions of managerial myopia worsen in line with deepening financialization, economic entities direct technological innovation strategy toward incremental innovation at the expense of radical innovation that involves high-risk and long-term investment. We test this hypothesis on data for thirty-one OECD countries between 1990 and 2006 and use both generalized method of moments estimation and Poisson regression models. We find that, as financialization advanced, the radicalness of technological innovation declined, while the number of patent registrations increased. This finding could be the result of recent trends wherein financialization has led to a rise in corporate funding through financial markets and an increase in the importance of patents, which, in turn, has boosted the motivation of companies to increase their patent registrations quantitatively. On the other hand, the qualitative importance of these patents (radicalness of technological innovation) decreased over the period of study, reflecting growing short-termism in technological innovation strategy.
Zygmunt Bauman’s window: From Jews to strangers and back again
Authors: Cheyette Bryan
Published: February 2020

Legislators and Interpreters (1987), Modernity and the Holocaust (1989) and Modernity and Ambivalence (1991) are the foundational trilogy on which Zygmunt Bauman developed much of his later work (from postmodernity to liquid modernity and from “the Jew” to “the Stranger”). This article is a unique engagement with the trilogy and with the metaphorical thinking which relates the trilogy to Bauman's later work in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. The article is divided into three parts focusing broadly on Warsaw, Leeds, and Jerusalem as contextual “windows” for Bauman's Jewishness under the sign of totalitarianism, exile, and globalism. This is the first account of Bauman's Jewishness in relation to his extraordinary life and work and includes, for the first time, his little known “Jewish” essays which are placed next to his more general theories of modernity.
Sixty-three years of thinking sociologically: Compiling the bibliography of Zygmunt Bauman
Authors: Palmer Jack , Brzeziński Dariusz , Campbell Tom
Published: February 2020

The article has two aims: firstly, it provides a holistic account of Zygmunt Bauman’s oeuvre, and secondly, it presents an extensive up-to-date and multilingual bibliography of his published writings. The authors discuss Bauman’s prolificacy, as well as the stylistic, formal and substantive heterogeneity of his work. Taking this into account, they reflect on the curious reception of his oeuvre in the wider disciplinary field of sociology. The bibliography attached to the paper provides the most complete account of Bauman’s writings. Building on previous bibliographies, and drawing on archival research in the Janina and Zygmunt Bauman Papers at the University of Leeds, the bibliography spans 63 years from his first publication to his most recent. Many of these papers – both in English and Polish – are presented for the first time in the list of his works.
Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Resources: Perspectives of African American and Caucasian Family Caregivers in Northwest Louisiana
Authors: Disbrow Elizabeth A. , Arnold Connie L. , Glassy Nathaniel , Tilly Collette M. , Langdon Kate M. , Gungor Deniz , Davis Terry C.
Published: February 2020

We examined knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), resources, and research opportunities among older African American (AA) and Caucasian caregivers. A mixed methods design integrated qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (survey) data from Northwest Louisiana. Eight focus groups (59 adults, 92% female, 78% AA, 25% rural) revealed limited knowledge. Quantitative findings from 117 ADRD caregivers (83% female, 72% AA, 30% limited heath literacy, 27% low income) indicated participants obtained information from providers (54%), friends and relatives (32%), and the internet (37%). Barriers to care were cost (24%) and lack of family agreement (17%). Few families used adult daycare (8%) or support groups (28%). Concerns about research participation were violation of privacy (30%) and fear of patient distress (27%). Distrust of doctors was minimal (3%). Findings did not vary by race. There is a need for clear, literacy-appropriate information about ADRD, caregiver resources, and clinical trials.
Tracing Discretion in Planning and Land-Use Outcomes: Perspectives from Toronto, Canada
Authors: Biggar Jeff , Siemiatycki Matti
Published: February 2020

Discretionary planning supports the provision of public benefits when changes in zoning create additional value on private development sites. This paper draws on two case studies in Toronto, exploring how discretion shapes the broader political and planning policy context in which public benefits are secured from private development. The cases show that even within the same city planning department, variations exist in the application of discretion in planning decisions, which lead to different approaches to securing public benefits. Discretionary planning tools, such as density bonuses, are of consequence for political conflicts over local priorities, democratic accountability, and the built environment.
Effect of Workplace Violence and Psychological Stress Responses on Medical-Surgical Nurses’ Medication Intake
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura
Published: February 2020

Background

Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in the health-care sector globally, but few studies have examined its impact on nurses’ use of prescribed and/or over-the-counter medications to manage signs and symptoms.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effect of workplace violence, through the pathway of psychological stress responses, on nurses’ frequencies of medication intake. An occupational stress and health outcomes model was tested in this study.

Methods

A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 551 medical-surgical nurses in British Columbia was conducted. Both emotional and physical workplace violence were examined. Emotional exhaustion and posttraumatic stress disorder were psychological stress responses to workplace violence.

Results

Emotional and physical violence from patients and/or families were the most prevalent sources of workplace violence. Physical violence and psychological stress responses increased the frequency of medication intake after controlling for nurse characteristics. Emotional violence was not related to medication intake over and above the effect of psychological stress responses. Physical and emotional violence elicited psychological stress responses resulting in increased medication use.

Conclusion

Workplace violence triggers psychological stress responses with adverse outcomes on nurses’ health and well-being.
Association Between Neonatal Seizures and Social-Emotional Development and Adaptive Behavior in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Courchia Benjamin , Berkovits Michelle D. , Kurtom Waleed , Moral Theresa Del , Bauer Charles R.
Published: February 2020

Aim:

To evaluate social-emotional development and adaptive behavioral outcomes in a cohort of extremely low birth weight infants with a confirmed diagnosis of neonatal seizures.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants weighing ≤1000 g at birth, with a diagnosis of neonatal seizures, evaluated between 21 and 31 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III) in a longitudinal neurodevelopmental follow-up program. Seizures were diagnosed using continuous video electroencephalography interpreted by a pediatric neurologist.

Results:

Nineteen infants meeting criteria were included and were matched with 38 control subjects, without clinical signs of seizures, and similar baseline characteristics. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower social-emotional development (–14.8 points; P = .05) and adaptive behavior scores (–10.8 points; P < .01) on the Bayley III in children with seizures compared to controls without clinical signs of seizure.Interpretation: Seizures are associated with impaired adaptive behavior and social-emotional development in this cohort of extremely low birth weight infants. These results highlight the negative association between neonatal seizures and functional development.
Time and Alcohol Do Not Change Everything: How Intoxicated Witnesses Perceive Aggression in Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hildebrand Karlén Malin , Green Johan , Larsson Anneli , Gudjonsson Gisli H.
Published: February 2020

Although alcohol-intoxicated witnesses to violent crimes are common, research on how alcohol affects witnesses’ perception of aggression is sparse. In the present study, it was investigated whether different levels of intoxication altered how severe witnesses perceived aggression displayed by involved parties in an intimate partner violence (IPV) scenario to be. An experimental mixed-groups design 3 (sober vs. moderate vs. high breath alcohol concentration [BAC]) x 2 (immediate vs. one week delayed interview) was used. Socially drinking men and women ( n = 137; 67 and 70, respectively) were randomized to an alcohol condition (0.8 g/kg adjusted to 0.75 g/kg for women, divided into two intoxication groups: moderate ≤0.08 and high ≥0.08) or a control condition (juice). They were also randomized into a direct interview condition or a delayed interview condition. In a laboratory setting, they consumed drinks and viewed an IPV scenario on film. During their interview, the participants rated how severe they perceived the involved parties’ aggression to be. Inter alia, participants in the high BAC group perceived both parties’ physically aggressive behavior as comparatively less severe than the sober and moderately intoxicated witnesses did. The high BAC group also perceived the IPV scenario as less unpleasant than the other two groups, and they maintained this perception over time and repeated interviews. A BAC level of ≥0.08 was required to significantly lower witnesses’ perceived severity of physical aggression, possibly caused by alcohol’s anxiety-dampening effect as well as its impairing effect on cognitive processing capacity over this level of intoxication. That alcohol intoxication at (or over) such a BAC level makes witnesses perceive physical aggression as less severe and less unpleasant, and also that such an altered perception holds over time and repeated interviews, is important for legal practitioners to be aware of when handling intoxicated witnesses to violence. Therefore, this issue warrants further investigation.
Child Maltreatment and Quality of Life Among Urban Chinese Children
Authors: Sun Xiaoyue
Published: February 2020

Child maltreatment is an international public health problem. The aftermath can appear in multiple aspects of individual health and development, including decreased physical and emotional function, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide attempts. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the quality of life of maltreated children. This study aims to examine the association between children’s maltreatment experience and their quality of life. This study employed a cross-sectional design and surveyed 1,093 primary school children (including migrant children and nonmigrant children) in Shanghai, China. The Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC) and Pediatrics Quality of Life Inventory were used to measure children’s experiences of child maltreatment and their quality of life. Corporal punishment (89.47%) was the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, followed by physical assault (80.21%), psychological abuse (65.00%), and neglect (52.26%). Children’s migration status was not associated with their quality of life; however, social capital factors were all associated with increased levels of quality of life. Children’s victimization experience, including severe to very severe physical assault (β = −3.34/−3.80, p < .001), psychological assault (β = −3.74, p < .001), corporal punishment (β = −2.46, p < .01), and neglect (β = −4.31, p < .001), was associated with their decreased quality of life. The results show that child maltreatment threatens the quality of life of children. There is a need for developing effective interventions to prevent child maltreatment and reduce the adverse outcomes among children with maltreatment experiences.
Expanding Our View: Demographic, Behavioral, and Contextual Factors in College Sexual Victimization
Authors: Rogers Sarah A. , Rogers Baker A.
Published: February 2020

Despite efforts on some college campuses to address the issue of sexual victimization, the numbers have not changed much over the last four decades. The purpose of this study is to examine how demographic, contextual, and behavioral factors influence sexual victimization on college campuses. Using data from the Fall 2011 National College Health Assessment/American College Health Association survey, we examine three hypotheses: (1) contextual factors will have a greater effect on the likelihood of victimization than behavioral factors; (2) demographic factors will have a greater effect on the likelihood of victimization than behavioral factors; and (3) contextual factors for men will have a greater effect than contextual factors for women. While previous studies have tackled portions of these larger objectives, few studies have focused on all three sets of factors of analysis simultaneously. Overall, we find that behavioral factors predict sexual victimization better than either demographic or contextual factors for both men and women. However, we also find that some contextual factors are significant, including variables not generally discussed in the literature, such as perception of typical student behaviors and dissemination of violence prevention programming and information. In addition, we add to the literature by showing how demographic, behavioral, and contextual factors of sexual victimization vary in significance for men and women. These findings support the calls for more sexual violence prevention programming on college campuses that is more intersectional and addresses the issue of sexual violence based on the knowledge we have gained about individual, interactional, and institutional factors that contribute to this problem.
Bullying Victimization Profiles of School-Aged Adolescents and Associations With Weight Statuses: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Lee Jungup , Hong Jun Sung , Tan Kevin , Pineros-Leano Maria , Baek Seung Ae
Published: February 2020

Bullying and childhood obesity are public health concerns in the United States. While obesity has been found to be associated with bullying victimization, it is less clear how it is differentially associated with biological sex and grade level across varying patterns of bullying victimization. Based on the subset of U.S. students in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study, patterns of co-occurring bullying victimization and sex and grade level differences in the association between the patterns of bullying victimization and weight status were examined among 9,124 students in Grades 5 to 10. The latent class analysis revealed three patterns of bullying victimization: verbal-relational victimization (Class 1), all-type victimization (Class 2), and noninvolved pattern (Class 3). The results found that females had a higher likelihood of being in Class 1 than males. Moreover, fifth to sixth and seventh to eighth-graders were more likely than ninth to tenth graders to be in both Class 1 and Class 2. Obese males and overweight females were more likely to be in Class 1 and Class 2 than in Class 3. In addition, obesity and overweight status were positively associated with bullying victimization among fifth to sixth and seven to eighth-graders. However, no significant association was found between obesity and overweight status and bullying victimization among ninth to tenth graders. Findings from the study suggest that school-based strategies, especially sex- and age-specific programs, need to take into consideration the bullying involvement of students who are overweight or obese.
Impact of Physician Referral to Health Coaching on Patient Engagement and Health Risks: An Observational Study of UPMC’s Prescription for Wellness
Authors: Parkinson Michael D. , Hammonds Tracy , Keyser Donna J. , Wheeler Jennie R. , Peele Pamela B.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

Evaluate impact of physician referral to health coaching on patient engagement and health risk reduction.

Design:

Four-year retrospective, observational cohort study with propensity-matched pair comparisons.

Setting:

Integrated delivery and finance system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Sample:

10 457 adult insured members referred to health coaching by their physician; 37 864 other members identified for health coaching through insurer-initiated outreach.

Intervention:

Practice-based, technology-supported workflow and process for physician prescribing of health coaching during regular office visit, with follow-up on patient’s progress and implementation supports.

Measures:

Patient engagement based on completion of pre-enrollment assessment, formal enrollment in health coaching, completion of required sessions, health risk levels, and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching referral.

Analysis:

Difference-in-difference analysis to assess change in health risk levels and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching and probability weighting to control for potential confounding between groups.

Results:

Members referred by a physician were significantly more likely to enroll in a health coaching program (21.0% vs 6.0%, P < .001) and complete the program requirements (8.5% vs 2.7%, P < .001) than when referred by insurer-initiated outreach; significant within group improvement in health risk levels from baseline ( P < .001) was observed for both the groups.

Conclusions:

Patients are significantly more likely to engage in health coaching when a referral is made by a physician; engagement in health coaching significantly improves health risk levels.
Student Tobacco Use Behaviors on College Campuses by Strength of Tobacco Campus Policies
Authors: Ickes Melinda J. , Wiggins Amanda T. , Rayens Mary Kay , Hahn Ellen J.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To examine the association between strength of policy and self-reported tobacco use behavior, controlling for demographic characteristics, polytobacco use, knowledge of campus tobacco policy, and perceived policy compliance by others.

Design:

Cross-sectional, online survey.

Setting:

Ten participating State University of New York (SUNY) campuses; 5 with designated smoking/tobacco use areas and 5 with 100% tobacco-free policies.

Subjects:

Convenience sample of students from SUNY campuses: only tobacco users (N = 576 students) included for analysis.

Measures:

Items assessing tobacco use behaviors on campus, policy knowledge, and observation of others using tobacco on campus.

Analysis:

T tests and chi-square tests of association used to compare responses between tobacco users across campuses. Generalized estimating equations modeling used to evaluate predictors of tobacco use on campus; model estimated with students nested within campus.

Results:

Those on campuses without a comprehensive policy were more likely to report (in the past week) having seen others smoke on campus (98% vs 69%, P < .001), having personally smoked on campus (65% vs 36%, P < .001), and seeing others use tobacco products on campus (88% vs 67%, P < .001), compared to those on tobacco-free campuses.

Conclusion:

Tobacco-free campus policies provide numerous protective factors for tobacco users and nonusers. However, compliance strategies are imperative for intended policy success.
Hole quality and tool wear when dry drilling of a new developed metal/composite co-cured material
Authors: Zou Fan , Dang Jiaqiang , Cai Xiaojiang , An Qinglong , Ming Weiwei , Chen Ming
Published: February 2020

The new developed metal/composite co-cured material composed of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic and Al phases has been increasingly applied for manufacturing of attitude control flywheel in aerospace industry. However, drilling of co-cured material is still a challenging task to produce holes with high quality and low cost in the assembly chain and dynamic balance debugging of attitude control flywheel. In other words, the relevant mechanisms and experimental findings involved in the drilling process of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic/Al co-cured material is not clearly defined, which impedes the progress of attitude control flywheel production. To this end, this article specially addresses the experimental studies on the drilling process of carbon fiber–reinforced plastic/Al co-cured material with standard TiAlN-coated cemented carbide twist drill. The significance of this work aims to reveal the regardful cutting responses of the hole characteristics and tool wear modes during the practical drilling process of co-cured material. A full factorial experiment including three levels of feed rate and four levels of cutting speed was performed. The hole diameter shows different values in different positions while it indicates consistent pattern regardless of the cutting variables: the largest in the Al phase, followed by the upper and lower carbon fiber–reinforced plastic phases, respectively. Grooves and matrix degradation are the major machining defects for carbon fiber–reinforced plastic layers, while a great chip debris adhered to the machined surface is the case for Al layer. Subsequent wear analysis showed that abrasion was mainly maintained at the vicinity of major/minor cutting edges and drill edge corner, followed by chip adhesion on the chisel edge region. Carbide substrate of drill flank face is exposed, and thereafter cavities are formed under the strong mechanical abrasion. These results could provide several implications for industrial manufacturers during the attitude control flywheel production.