bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN GIZI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG POLA MAKAN BALITA DI DESA SAMBIREJO KECAMATAN MANTINGAN KABUPATEN NGAWI
Authors: Sari Suci Arsita , Widardo Widardo , Cahyanto Erindra Budi
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Status gizi menjadi salah satu indikator untuk menentukan derajat kesehatan anak. Pemberian gizi yang tidak tepat bagi balita dapat menyebabkan defisiensi nutrisi. Penyuluhan gizi menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pola makan balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan gizi terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang pola makan balita.

Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan control group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sambirejo, Mantingan, Ngawi pada awal bulan Mei 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu balita sejumlah 70 responden yang diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji mann whitney.

Hasil Penelitian: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rerata skor pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 47,9 dan 83,9. Rerata skor pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 56,3 dan 56,5. Selisih rerata skor pre dan post-test kelompok perlakuan sebesar 36, lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan selisih rerata sebesar 0,2.

Simpulan Penelitian: Terdapat pengaruh penyuluhan gizi terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang pola makan balita di Desa Sambirejo, Kecamatan Mantingan, Kabupaten Ngawi secara signifikan (nilai P = 0,001).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH KORBAN DENGAN KASUS KEMATIAN MENDADAK YANG DIPERIKSA DI INSTALASI KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK RSUP Dr. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2011 - 2015
Authors: Suwandono Adji , Widagdo Hendro , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Kurangnya olahraga dan banyaknya asupan makanan berlemak dapat menyebabkan obesitas dimana memberikan kontribusi pada penyebab kematian mendadak yang tak terduga dan berhubungan dengan indeks massa tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kasus kematian mendadak yang ditangani di RSUP Dr. Sardjito tahun 2011 – 2015 dengan cara menghitung seluruh data panjang badan dan berat badan pada kasus kematian mendadak yang ditangani di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta tahun 2011 – 2015.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan pengambilan data secara cross sectional karena sampel dan semua variabel diambil dalam satu periode waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, khususnya dari visum et. Repertum Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan indeks massa tubuh dengan berat badan lebih sangat mendominasi jumlah kasus kematian mendadak sebanyak 82.25% dibandingkan berat badan normal ataupun berat badan kurang. Orang dengan berat badan lebih memiliki risiko 13.05 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami serangan penyakit kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian mendadak.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh korban dengan kasus kematian mendadak yang diperiksa di Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Tahun 2011 – 2015.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPATUHAN IBU HAMIL MENGONSUMSI SUPLEMEN ZAT BESI : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Sari Juanda Syafita , Fitria Fitria , Esitra Esitra
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Masalah utama zat besi pada kehamilan adalah kepatuhan, karena perempuan sering gagal untuk mengambil suplemen secara teratur seperti anjuran tenaga kesehatan karena faktor bervariasi dan ini diduga menjadi potensi untuk meningkatkan prevalensi tinggi anemia pada ibu hamil. Tujuan dari systematic review ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil terhadap konsumsi zat besi.
Metode: Studi apprasial menggunakan Joana Briggs Institute (JBI), dan metode sintesis menggunakan modifikasi PEOS.
Hasil: Hasil dari lima jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi didapatkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi yaitu usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan, sosio ekonomi, dan kunjungan ANC.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet Fe dengan usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, kunjungan ANC, pekerjaan paritas, dan paritas. Faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet Fe adalah frekuensi ANC.
Tren Pemikiran Tafsir al-Qur'an di Indonesia: Antara Perkembangan dan Pergeseran
Authors: Muhammad Alwi HS dan Teti Fatimah Alwi
Published: July 2020

Since al-Qur'an is in written form (read: Manuscripts), since then the Qur'an has an open meaning. Anyone can understand it, interpret, and practice the contents based on their understanding. In Indonesia alone, the interpretation of the Qur'an continues to experience significant developments, until now the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an continues. This paper is going to explain the trends in the interpretation of the Qur'an in Indonesia. Through this paper, it will be seen how far Indonesian scholars 'wrestle' with the interpretation of the Qur'an. How is the development of interpretive thinking from classical, modern and contemporary times. Does the changing times bring Indonesian scholars more dominantly to the development of thought or is it only to the shift of thought from an Eastern to the Western style of understanding. As well as what are the expected implications of interpretive thinking on the needs of the Indonesian context.
Konsep Empowerment Sebagai Instrumen Pembangunan Ekonomi Islam (Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun dan Umer Chapra)
Authors: Arifqi Moh. Musfiq
Published: July 2020

The main problem of economic development such as poverty, unemployment, asymmetry of economic among individuals could not be removed succecfully in Indonesia. One of the reasons is caused with unreadable other variables such as social law, politics, culture and so on. The size of the success Islamic economic growth is not measured only from the material achievement perspective or the results of quantity, but also from the improving religious perspective, social and society life. The motodology of this research is library research. To get more information, the reference is taken from some book that have relation with the topic. The result is that Ibn Khaldun’s thought is referring to the term "umran al-alam" or prospering the world. It is formed from three components, namely; history (tarikh), cooperation among society (al-ijtima 'al-insani) and the universe (al-kawn). Ibnu Khaldun offered the concept of Islamic economic development: First, the contribution of humans (ar-Rijal). Second, the contribution of development (al-Imarah), Third, the contribution of institutions and government. Fourth, the contribution of wealth (al-mal). Umer Chapra believed that the means of quittable development requires "efficiency" and "equalization" of the use of all resources, both "efficiency" and "justice" cannot be applied or actualized without the supporting with moral dimensions in economic activities. Umer Chapra's thoughts are following: First, Efficiency, justice and morality. Second, the contributions of the state. Two thoughts on Islamic economic development below are known that the concept of Islamic economic development does not only measure the level of welfare in the world, but also the more important is how to prosper in the hereafter. The built concept of the two thinkers is directed more to the concept of empowerment or empowering natural resources efficiently and equitably by the role upholding ethical values and social justice.
Analisis Efek Ramadhan Terhadap Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Perusahaan Yang Masuk dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Faih Ahmad , Nafiah Rohmatun
Published: July 2020

This study is a study of events aimed at knowing the effects of Ramadhan, to companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014-2018, using abnormal return and trading volume activity indicators. This study uses secondary data in the form of daily stock price index for the period 2014-2018 , Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) and trading volume, with the population of companies entering the Jakarta Islamic Index on The Indonesian Stock Exchange , The statistical test used to test the hypothesis is the normality test, and the paired sample t-test. Result of T-test on Abnormal Return between year 2014-2018 know that there is no significant influence between Ramadhan month to abnormal return from year 2014 until 2018. While for T-test on trading volume activity between year 2014 until 2018 know that only in 2014, 2015, and 2017, 2018 there are significant influence which means the market responds to the event. The result of the test of Ramadhan event has the information even though it does not happen in every year of the research period, this is because Ramadhan is a routine event occuring in Indonesia so investors have been able to predict how the stock movemonts in Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Analisis Pengaruh Inklusi Perbankan Syariah terhadap Pembiayaan UMKM Sektor Halal di Indonesia
Authors: Ahyar Muhammad Khozin
Published: July 2020

Financial inclusion is an issue that is being echoed by the government together with other authorities and stakeholders. One of the main targets of financial inclusion besides households is the MSMEs. Some indicators of financial inclusion, namely access, use and quality. This study aims to analyze how the influence of Islamic banking inclusion (BUS and UUS) from access indicators to the distribution of MSME financing. The access indicator used is the number of Islamic banking offices which include KP, KC, KCP and KK. This research uses a quantitative method with a VAR (Vector Autoregression) model. The results showed that the number of BUS and UUS offices affect MSMEs in Islamic banking financing. In addition, Islamic banking in Indonesia is still not optimal in channeling financing to MSMEs. Various ways can be done by Islamic banking in order to expand access to MSME actors, including developing the Financial Technology (Fintech) system, expanding Islamic banking agents through the Laku Pandai program and expanding cooperation with MSME stakeholders.
Determinan Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Jual Beli Valas (Al-Sharf) di Bank Syariah
Authors: Musa Musa
Published: July 2020

Forex trading is a part of the economic system that has an impact on satisfying the main needs in the life of global and modern society today. Currently, it is not only the foreign exchange market that conducts foreign exchange trading, but Bank Indonesia also holds a foreign exchange market, where foreign exchange banks can carry out foreign exchange transactions with BI. The satisfaction of community needs in this regard is related to product innovation, location, and promotion strategies in forex trading. The purpose is to analyze the effect of product innovation, location, and promotion strategies on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer (sharf) at Bank Syariah Mandiri Pangkalpinang Branch. This research is a quantitative descriptive. The sample is 66 customers. While the analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression test. The results are: (1) There is a significant influence of the product innovation variable on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer; (2) There is no significant effect of location variables on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer; (3) There is a significant influence of promotion variables on the customer's decision to buy and sell foreign currencies.
Peranan Media Sosial Sebagai Agen Sosialisasi Halal dalam Membangun Kesadaran Halal: Studi Netnografi
Authors: Khasanah Miftakhul
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine public behavior related to the use of social media as a source of information and knowledge about halal and the role of social media and its function as an agent of socialization to transfer knowledge and information about halal and build halal awareness in the community. This research was conducted with a Netnographic study. Netnography is an interpretive approach to study consumer behavior from various cultures and communities in cyberspace or the Internet. This approach is also referred to as "digital ethnography" or "virtual ethnography". This study uses the 'halal corner' virtual community account as the object of study and data source to observe the process of transferring halal information and knowledge in shaping halal awareness in the community. This research found that social media acts as an agent for halal socialization and plays a role in shaping halal awareness of Muslim communities.
Efektivitas Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan dalam Menekan Angka Cerai di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Andaryuni Lilik , Haika Ratu
Published: July 2020

Raising statistic divorce from year to year increased, make Supreme Court take various efforts, among others make the role of mediation in the Religious Court (PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2016). This article discusses the effectiveness of mediation in the Religious Court in order to minimize statistic divorce in the Religious Court East Kalimantan.
Legalisasi Aset Wakaf di Samarinda
Authors: Mahrus Moh. , Rachman Aulia
Published: July 2020

Legalization of Waqf Assets in Samarinda is an attempt to find out the concept of safeguarding waqf property in national legal representation which is manifested in the reality of waqf property in Samarinda. This study uses qualitative approach. In the real term, the legalization effort is carried out by accurately documenting it, either in the form of a waqf pledge deed, replacement deed or in the form of a waqf land certificate. The efforts to realize the legal status of waqf assets are a form of realization of benefit. Actually, this becomes the task of managements gather with other relevant agencies, namely the Ministry of Religion, the Indonesian Waqf Board, and the National Land Agency. The strategy adopted is to register, administer, announce the existence of waqf property and monitor it. While the challenges faced when seeking the legality of waqf assets include a lack of awareness about the legal status of waqf in the community. Also the lack of human resources that needs to be improved in competence, as well as the number of managements that have not been registered at the Indonesian Waqf Board. Whereas the opportunity is the existence of established regulations related to waqf, starting from the registration of waqf assets, management, supervision and even productivity, namely Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf.
Delivery of a Mental Health First Aid training package and staff peer support service in secondary schools: A process evaluation of uptake and fidelity of the WISE intervention
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Harding Sarah , Bell Sarah , Copeland Lauren , Evans Rhiannon , Powell Jillian , Araya Ricardo , Campbell Rona , Ford Tamsin , Gunnell David , Murphy Simon , Kidger Judi
Published: July 2020

Background: Improving children and young people’s provision for mental health is a current health priority in England. Secondary school teachers have worse mental health outcomes than the general working population, which the Wellbeing in Secondary Education (WISE) cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to improve. The WISE intervention comprised a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training package to at least 16 percent of staff, a short mental health awareness session to all teachers, and development of a staff peer-support service. Twenty-five schools were randomised to intervention or control arms. This paper reports findings regarding the extent of uptake and fidelity of the intervention. Methods: Mixed methods data collection comprised researcher observations of training delivery, training participant evaluation forms, trainer and peer supporter interviews, peer supporter feedback meetings, logs of support provided, and teacher questionnaires. Quantitative data were summarised descriptively, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Results: In the 12 schools assigned to the intervention arm, 113 (8.6%) staff completed the two-day standard MHFA training course, and a further 146 (11.1%) staff completed the one-day MHFA for Schools and Colleges training. In seven (58.3%) schools the required eight percent of staff completed the MHFA training packages. A one-hour mental health awareness raising session was attended by 666 (54.5%) staff. Delivery of the MHFA training package was achieved with high levels of fidelity and quality across schools. All schools set up the peer-support service following training, with a majority adhering to most of the operational guidelines developed from the pilot study at the outset. Teachers reported limited use of the peer support service during follow-up. At the one year follow up, only three (25.0%) schools indicated they had re-advertised the service and there was evidence of a reduction in support from senior leadership. Conclusion: The MHFA training package was delivered with reasonably high fidelity, and a staff peer support service was established with general, but not complete, adherence to guidelines. In some schools insufficient staff received MHFA training and levels of delivery of the peer support service compromised intervention dose and reach.
Identification and characteristics of a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata
Authors: Lian Kaiqi , Zhang Mingliang , Liang Xiuli , Zhou Lingling , Shi Zhiqi , Tang Yajie , Wang Xueping , Song Yuwei , Zhang Yuanchen
Published: July 2020

Background: The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has increased the need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered as a promising product with several advantages.Results: In this present study, we identified a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata (armyworm cecropin 1, AC-1) by transcriptome sequencing and multi-sequence alignment analysis. The AC-1 precursor comprised 63 amino acid residues, containing a conserved cleavage site of the signal peptide, Ala23-Pro24, while the mature AC-1 included 39 amino acid residues. Chemically synthesized AC-1 exhibited low hemolytic activity against chicken red blood cells, low cytotoxicity against swine testis cells, and effective antimicrobial activity against Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its antimicrobial activity against Salmonella remained after incubation for 1 h at 100 °C or in 250 mM NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 solution, implying good thermal- and salt-resistant stabilities. The bactericidal effect of AC-1 on E. coli gradually increased with increasing AC-1 concentration, resulting in deformation, severe edema, cytolysis, cell membrane damage, and reducing intracellular electron density. Additionally, recombinant AC-1 protein expressed in E. coli was digested by enterokinase protease to obtain AC-1, which showed similar antimicrobial activity against E. coli to chemically synthesized AC-1.Conclusions: This study identified a novel antimicrobial peptide that may represent a potential alternative to antibiotics.
Identification of reliable reference genes for gene expression studies in maternal reproductive tissues and fetal tissues of pregnant cows
Authors: Cheng Lei , Yu Jie , Hu Xiuzhong , Xiang Min , Xia Yu , Tao Bifei , Du Xiaoyong , Wang Dingfa , Zhao Shuhong , Chen Hongbo
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Protocol for Reducing COVID-19 Transmission Risk in EEG Research
Authors: Simmons Aaron M. , Luck Steven J.
Published: July 2020

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings provide a valuable, noninvasive method for measuring human brain activity. This protocol modifies our general protocol for EEG recording (Farrens et al., 2019) for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was created with the help of numerous experts, and it specifies a clear set of steps for interacting with research participants, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and disinfecting equipment, all with the goal of reducing the COVID-19 risks for both laboratory personnel and participants. It focuses on the use of EEG in relatively simple research studies of adults who can easily understand and follow instructions, yet can be readily adapted for studies using other types of EEG experiments or other participant populations.
Development and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers from the Genomic sequence of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam) cv. Taizhong6]
Authors: Amoanimaa-Dede Hanna , Zhang Jiacheng , Su Chuntao , Zhu Hongbo
Published: July 2020

Background: Sweetpotato is a multifunctional root crop with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Due to its genetic complexity and lack of genomic resources, efficient genetic studies, and cultivar development lags far behind other major crops. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) offer an effective molecular marker technology for molecular-based breeding and for locating important loci in crop plants, but only a few have previously been developed in sweetpotato. Results: To further explore new SSR markers and accelerate its use in sweetpotato genetic studies, genome-wide characterization and development of SSR markers were performed using the recently published genome of sweetpotato cultivar, Taizhong6. In this study, a set of 2,431 primer pairs were developed from 133,727 SSRs identified in the sweetpotato genome using the Perl script MISA software. The average frequency was one SSR per 6.26 kb with dinucleotides (38.5%) being the most dominant repeat motif. The main motif types in all repeats were AT/AT, AAT/ATT, A/T, AAAT/ATTT, AAAAT/ATTTT and AAAAAT/ATTTTT accounting for 78.29% of the total SSRs. 50% of the 100 randomly selected primer pairs amplified 251 alleles and the average number of alleles was 5.02 alleles per locus with a range of 1 to 13 alleles. The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 24 sweetpotato materials into four clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. Conclusion: The SSR markers currently developed will provide valuable genetic resources for germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and functional genomics studies in sweetpotato and related species.
[18F]FDG uptake of the normal spinal cord in PET/MR imaging: Comparison with PET/CT imaging
Authors: Aiello Marco , Alfano Vincenzo , Salvatore Elena , Cavaliere Carlo , Picardi Marco , Pepa Roberta Della , Nicolai Emanuele , Soricelli Andrea , Vella Alessandra , Salvatore Marco , Mascalchi Mario
Published: July 2020

Background The lack of visualization of the spinal cord hinders the evaluation of [18F]Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake of the spinal cord in PET/CT. By exploiting the capability of MRI to precisely outline the spinal cord, we performed a retrospective study aimed to define normal pattern of spinal cord [18F]FDG uptake in PET/MRI.Methods Forty-one patients with lymphoma without clinical or MRI signs of spinal cord or bone marrow involvement underwent simultaneous PET and MRI acquisition using Siemens Biograph mMR after injection of 3.5 MBq/kg body weight of [18F]FDG for staging purposes. Using a custom-made software, we placed ROIs of 3 and 9 mm in diameter in spinal cord, lumbar CSF and vertebral marrow that were identified on MRI at 5 levels (C2, C5, T6, T12 and L3). The SUVmax, SUVmean and the SUVmax and SUVmean normalized (NSUVmax and NSUVmean) to the liver were measured. For comparison, the same ROIs were placed in PET-CT images obtained immediately before the PET-MRI acquisition following the same tracer injection.Results On PET/MRI using the 3 mm ROI the following average (all level excluding L3) spinal cord median (1st and 3rd quartile) values were measured:SUVmean1.68 (1.39 and 1.83), SUVmax1.92(1.60 and 2.14), NSUVmean1.18(0.93 and 1.36), NSUVmax1.27(1.01 and 1.33). Using the 9 mm ROI the corresponding values were: SUVmean1.41 (1.25-1.55), SUVmax2.41(2.08 and 2.61), NSUVmean0.93 (0.79 and 1.04), NSUVmax1.28(1.02 and 1.39).Using the 3 mm ROI the highest values of PET-MRI SUVmax, SUVmean, NSUVmax and NSUVmean were consistently observed at C5 and the lowest at T6. Using a 9 mm ROI the highest values were consistently observed at C5 and the lowest at T12 or T6. The spinal cord [18F]FDG-uptake values correlated with bone marrow uptake at the same level, especially in case of NSUVmax. Comparison with PET-CT data revealed that the average SUVmax and SUVmean of the spinal cord were similar in PET-MRI and PET-CT. However, the average NSUVmax and NSUVmean of the spinal cord were higher (range 21% - 47%) in PET-MRI than in PET-CT. Conclusions Using a whole-body protocol we defined the maximum and mean [18F]FDG uptake of the normal spinal cord in PET/MRI. While the observed values show the expected longitudinal distribution, they appear to be higher than those measured in PET/CT. Normalization of the SUVmax and SUVmean of the spinal cord to the liver radiotracer uptake could help in multi-institutional comparisons and studies.
Relationship between radiological severity and physical and mental health in elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ribeiro Isadora , Coimbra Arlete Maria Valente , Costallat Beatriz Lavras , Coimbra Ibsen Bellini
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiological severity, as assessed by the individual grades and grouped grades (grades "0 and 1" and "2 to 4") of the Kellgren-Lawrence scale (K&Ls), and depression symptoms, cognitive loss, risk of falls and quality of life in relation to knee osteoarthritis, as assessed by other instruments. METHODS: Data recorded between 2013 and 2014 in Amparo (São Paulo, Brazil) were retrieved for analysis. A total of 181 elderly patients who had knee osteoarthritis and underwent a radiologic exam were evaluated for depressive symptoms, cognitive loss, quality of life and risk of falls by the geriatric depression scale (GDS), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), timed up-and-go test (TUG) and Berg balance scale (BBS). For statistical analyses, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's coefficient analysis were used. RESULTS: There was no significant relationship between the scores of the instruments investigated and the individual K&Ls grades. However, when the K&Ls scores were assessed by groups, grades “2 to 4” were associated with the worst WOMAC score and the highest frequency and risk of falls according to the BBS but not according to TUG. For the GDS and MMSE, no significant relationships with the K&Ls grades were found. In addition, the K&Ls grade was correlated with the WOMAC score, regardless of the domain. CONCLUSION: The radiological scores of the Kellgren-Lawrence (K&L) scale were associated with poorer WOMAC and BBS scores only when the K&Ls scores were evaluated in groups, and the WOMAC score was associated with an increase in the radiological grade.
Reliability of Dopamine Transporter PET Measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in patients with Parkinson´s Disease
Authors: Kerstens Vera S. , Fazio Patrik , Sundgren Mathias , Matheson Granville J. , Franzén Erika , Halldin Christer , Cervenka Simon , Svenningsson Per , Varrone Andrea
Published: July 2020

Background. Reliable quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT), a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is essential for diagnostic purposes as well as for evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatment. Due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus lower expected radioligand binding to DAT, higher measurement variability in PD patients might be expected than earlier reproducibility results in healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to examine the test-retest properties of [18F]FE-PE2I-PET in PD patients. Methods. Nine patients with PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage < 3) were included (men/women: 6/3; mean age 65.2±6.8y). Each patient underwent two [18F]FE-PE2I-PET measurements within 7–28 days. The outcome measure was non-displaceable binding potential generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging with cerebellum as reference region. We assessed test-retest performance using estimates of reliability and repeatability. Regions for primary analysis were caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra. Exploratory analysis was performed for functional subdivisions of the striatum. We also compared the more vs. less-affected side.Results. [18F]FE-PE2I showed absolute variability estimates of 5.3–7.6% in striatal regions and 11% in substantia nigra, and ICCs of 0.74—0.97 (median: 0.91). The absolute variability for functional striatal subdivisions was 6.0–9.6% and ICCs of 0.76–0.91 (median: 0.91). The less affected substantia nigra exhibited greater consistency than the more affected side. According to power calculations based on the current sample size, DAT changes of 5–11% in the striatum and 28% in the substantia nigra can be detected with a power of 0.8 (p<0.0125). Conclusion. DAT-PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in PD patients showed good repeatability and reliability. The slightly lower reliability in the substantia nigra in patients may be explained by lower DAT density and smaller anatomical size. Power calculations suggest that [18F]FE-PE2I PET is a suitable marker for longitudinal DAT decline in PD.Trial registration number: EudraCT 2017-003327-29
Comparative study of pine reference genomes reveals transposable element interconnected gene networks
Authors: Voronova Angelika , Rendón-Anaya Martha , Ingvarsson Pär , Kalendar Ruslan , Ruņģis Dainis
Published: July 2020

Background: Sequencing the giga-genomes of several pine species belonging to the ancient gymnosperm clade has enabled comparative genomic analyses of these widely distributed outcrossing tree species. Initial sequence studies have revealed the wide distribution and extraordinary diversity of transposable elements (TEs) that occupy the large intergenic spaces. Our previous investigations revealed significant variations of class I TEs within pine subpopulations, but inoculation with pathogen induced correlated expression of TE families in pine seedlings, suggesting TE co-localisation with stress-responsive genes. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of TEs in gene regions of the assembled genomes of Pinus taeda and Pinus lambertiana using high-performance computing resources.Results: The quality of draft genomes and the genome annotation have significant consequences for the investigation of TEs and these aspects are discussed. Several TE families were identified in both species genomes frequently inserted into genes or their flanks. The non-autonomous MITE3321 family found in gene flanking regions and provide TATA boxes, several ARR1, DOF, WRKY and GT-binding sites, which are important signals in plant transcription activation and stress-response regulation. Distribution of MITE3321 across gene non-coding regions suggests action of selective pressure on this sequences and formation of gene sub-networks, depending on the location of MITE insertions. DNA TE DTX184 could potentially form microRNAs or provide its target site, thereby connect about 200 important stress-responsive genes in both pine species. Several retrotransposons propagated in gene regions were also identified, such as Copia-1813 containing important light-responsive regulative sequences, however full- length structures of low-copy-number TEs couldn’t be verified in the current genome assemblies. Only rare gene homologs carried similar insertions, indicating that most transposition events occurred after separation of investigated pine species. Node genes that contain many types of interspersed repeats were identified and observed in multiple potential transposable element associated networks.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the increased accumulation of TEs in the introns of stress-responsive genes of pines and the probability of rewiring them in responsive networks and sub-networks interconnected with node genes containing multiple TEs. Many such regulatory influences could lead to the adaptive environmental response clines that are characteristic of naturally spread pine populations.
Alveolar Neutrophilic Recruitment in COVID-19 May Not be Mediated by Th17 Response
Authors: Azevedo Marina L V , Paula Caroline Busatta Vaz de , Nagashima Seigo , Souza Cleber Machado de , Ribeiro Anna Flavia Miggiolaro , Junior Jarbas Silva Motta , Malaquias Mineia Alessandra Scaranello , Raboni Sonia Mara , Neto Plinio Cezar , Souza Daiane Gavlik de , Baena Cristina Pellegrino , Noronha Lucia de
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The COVID-19 current pandemic disease differs from the H1N1pdm09 caused by Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype, by how it induces a pro-inflammatory response in infected lungs. Objective: Investigate the role of Th17 response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 injury by analyzing the tissue expression of interleukins 8 and 17A and the neutrophils in lung samples of patients who die of COVID-19, comparing to H1N1pdm09. Study design and post-mortem results: Six lung samples from patients SARS-CoV-2 infected (COVID-19 group), and ten lung samples from adults who died from H1N1pdm09 (H1N1 group), were tested. A control group was also added to the study. H&E slides were used for neutrophils scoring. The tissue expression of IL-8 and IL-17A was identified by immunohistochemistry. Tissue expression increasing of IL-17A and IL-8 and a higher number of neutrophils were identified in samples from the H1N1 group when compared to the COVID-19 group. Discussion: It is suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 virus evokes an exacerbated response of the host's immune system but differs from that observed in the H1N1pdm09 disease because it may not be trigger by Th17 response. With the low expression of IL-8, IL-17A, neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection becomes impaired, resulting in viral persistence. On the other hand, in the COVID-19 disease, the immune response by Th2 cells seems to be exacerbated, observed by the extent of the lung injury. This uncontrolled response and, mainly, the lack of a therapeutic target, culminates in disease progression and, consequently, in shorter survival time.
Depression is closely associated with discoordination between the heart rate variability and physical acceleration in free-moving older women
Authors: Taniguchi Kentaro , Shimouchi Akito , Jinno Naoya , Seiyama Akitoshi
Published: July 2020

Background
We investigated the relationship between psychological distress and the coordination of heart rate variability (HRV) and physical acceleration (PA) during free-moving days in women.
Methods
Ninety-five adult women were divided into younger and older groups. The younger group comprised 50 women (22–59 years), and the older group comprised 45 women (≥ 60 years). HRV and PA data were simultaneously obtained every minute for 24 h during the free-moving day. The ratios of low frequency/high frequency and high frequency in normalized units were used as HRV indices. We defined %Lag0 as the % frequency of the lag = 0 min between HRV and PA in 1 h. The General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) was used to evaluate the effects of psychological distress and depression.
Results
In the hour before the night’s sleep, %Lag0 was significantly lower in older women with depression (GHQ28 subscale D) than in older women without depression (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference between %Lag0 and depression status was observed in the hour after waking in older women.
Conclusions
The results suggest that impairments in coordination between HRV and PA are associated with depression in older women, particularly in the hour before a night’s sleep on free-moving days.
The onset of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gadsby Roger , Ivanova Diana , Trevelyan Emma , Hutton Jane Luise , Johnson Sarah
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNausea and vomiting are experienced by most women during pregnancy. The onset is usually related to Last Menstrual Period (LMP) the date of which is often unreliable. This study describes the time to onset of nausea and vomiting symptoms from date of ovulation and compares this to date of last menstrual periodMethodsProspective cohort of women seeking to become pregnant, recruited from 12 May 2014 to 25 November 2016, in the United Kingdom. Daily diaries of nausea and vomiting were kept by 256 women who were trying to conceive. The main outcome measure is the number of days from last men­strual period (LMP) or luteinising hormone surge until onset of nausea or vomiting.ResultsAlmost all women (88\%) had Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin rise within 8 to 10 days of ovulation; the equivalent interval from LMP was 20 to 30 days. Many (67\%) women experience symp­toms within 11 to 20 days of ovulation.ConclusionsOnset of nausea and vomiting occurs earlier than previously reported and there is a narrow window for onset of symptoms. This indicates that its etiology is associated with a specific developmental stage at the fetal-maternal interface.Trial registrationNCT01577147
Mathematical temporal prediction of CD4+ lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients in antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Rodríguez Javier , Prieto Signed E. , Pérez Carlos E.
Published: July 2020

Background: The measurement of CD4 + lymphocyte count through flow cytometry, is necessary for the following up of HIV-infected patients in antiretroviral therapy, however, populations in low-income countries are limited to this test. For this, values of leukocytes and CD4 + lymphocytes counts greater than 500, between 200 and 500 and lesser than 200 cells were taken from 250 HIV-infected individuals in sequential dates up to three years. Then, temporal series of 12 prototypical patients were analyzed in search of predictive patterns between CD4 + lymphocytes and leukocytes, and then, these patterns were applied with the remaining data in a blind study in order to calculate the probability of success of the methodology for each range and its combinations, as well as sensitivity and specificity values.Results: Five patterns with predictive percentages greater than 99% were found for the distinct conditions of the methodology, with sensitivity and specificity values of 99%.Conclusions: A predictive theoretical simplification was achieved between leukocytes counts and CD4 + lymphocytes. This method could be useful to improve the surveillance and survival of HIV-infected individuals in low-income countries where flow cytometry cannot be afforded.
An Inexpensive Retrospective Standard Setting Method Based on Item Facilities
Authors: McLachlan John C , Robertson K. Alex , Weller Bridget , Sawdon Marina
Published: July 2020

BackgroundStandard setting is one of the most challenging aspects of assessment in high-stakes healthcare settings. The Angoff methodology is widely used, but poses a number of challenges, including conceptualisation of the just-passing candidate, and the time-cost of implementing the method. Cohen methodologies are inexpensive and rapid but rely on the performance of an individual candidate. A new method of standard setting, based on the entire cohort and every item, would be valuable. MethodsWe identified Borderline candidates by reviewing their performance across all assessments in an academic year. We plotted the item scores of the Borderline candidates in comparison with Facility for the whole cohort and fitted curves to the resulting distribution. ResultsWe propose that for any given Item, an equation of the form y ≈ C.eFxwhere y is the Facility of Borderline candidates on that Item, x is the observed Item Facility of the whole cohort, and C and F are constants, predicts the probable Facility for Borderline candidates over the test, in other words, the cut score for Borderline candidates. We describe ways of estimating C and F in any given circumstance, and suggest typical values arising from this particular study: that C = 12.3 and F = 0.021.ConclusionsWe propose that C and F are relatively stable, and that the equation y = 12.3.e0.021xcan rapidly be applied to the item Facility for every item. The average value represents the cut score for the assessment as a whole. This represents a novel retrospective method based on test takers. Compared to the Cohen method which draws on one score and one candidate, this method draws on all items and candidates in a test. It can be used to standard set a whole test, or a particular item where the predicted Angoff score is very different from the observed Facility.
A combination of clinical study and Network Pharmacology approach to explore the efficacy and mechanism of Buxue Yimu Pills on gynecological anemia
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Deng Yan , Ma Ruilin , Liu Dong , Luo Bin , Wang Xue , Deng Miao , Sun Aijun
Published: July 2020

Background

Iron supplement is the first-line treatment for gynecological anemia (GA). However, its performance is limited by common gastrointestinal reactions and some inadequate responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in the treatment of gynecological conditions but has been restricted by limited high-quality research, unknown bioactive ingredients, and mechanisms.
Objectives

These studies aim to compare the clinical efficacy of Buxue Yimu Pills (BYP),ferrous sulfate, and the addition of BYP to ferrous sulfate on GA through oral administration, and to investigate the mechanisms of BYP using network pharmacology approach.
Design:

Prospective, open-label, comparative, randomized, multicenter clinical trial.
Setting:
Gynecology departments in three public hospitals.
Patients:

170 patients with hemoglobin of 70–110 g/L were recruited and randomized into three groups: BYP group, oral iron group, and combined BYP & oral iron group. After a four-week treatment, the complete blood count (CBC) along with the markers for iron metabolism were determined for 138 patients. Furthermore, network pharmacology was performed to identify the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of BYP.
Results

While iron-treated groups showed elevated hemoglobin in accompany with significant changes in iron metabolism biomarkers, the BYP group exhibited hemoglobin improvement without apparent changes in iron metabolism markers. The network pharmacology identified 27 bioactive compounds and 145 targets of BYP on GA. A number of biological processes and pathways were identified, including regulation of inflammation, regulation of steroid hormone, angiogenesis and hemostasis, response to decreased oxygen levels, effects on myeloma cell, and response to metal ions.
Conclusions

BYP contributes to the practical improvement of gynecological anemia potentially through multi-target mechanisms independent from increasing hemopoietic raw material-iron.
Managing the Difficult Airway: A Survey of Doctors With Different Seniority in China
Authors: Liu Hui hui , Wang Yong , Zhong Ming , Li Yu hui , Gao Huan , Zhang jian feng , Ma wu hua
Published: July 2020

Background: Although equipment and human resources are vital elements of difficult airway management (DAM), But the approach and practice of DAM are more important. So, We conducted the present survey to address anesthesiologists who of different working years in this knowledge gaps.Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted from October 27, 2016 to November 27,2016. The survey was completed online in New Youth Anesthesia Forum including: DAM assesment, anticipated and unanticipated DAM, difficult airway algorithm, used of front of neck access (FONA) technique and training, DAM outside the OR and difficult extubation management. Results: We received 1935 replies (44%). Mouth opening and Mallampati classification were the most commonly methods to evaluate difficult airways. When suffer to unanticipated DA 63% less than 10 years anesthesiologists(LA) and 65% more than 10 years anesthesiologists (MA) would ask for help after trying 1-2 times (P=0.000). More than 70% of LA and MA respondents reported preferreing cannula cricothyrotomy to deal with emergency airway, 507 (41.6%) MA respondents reported that they used FONA techniques to save patients' lives (P=0.000). Nearly 70% respondents worried full stomach when intubated outside OR and more than 80% respondents selected auscultation to identify the placement. More than 80% respondents had not used Bougie to assist extubation. 73.2% respondents know ABS algorithm and 96.4% know Chinese airway expert consensus among MA respondents, this was significant to LA respondents(P=0.000).Conclusions: The respondents in the LA and MA have a training-gap in their evaluation of difficult airway, trained and used of FONA emergency skills, facilicated of the airway guidelines at home and abroad. Also, We should provide more airway theory and skill training to our young doctors to advanced airway skills.
Assessment of irreducible aspects in developmental hip dysplasia by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jia Huihui , Wang Liang , Chang Yan , Song Yongrui , Liu Yuqi , Zhang Fuyong , Feng Jie , Yang Xiaodong , Sheng Mao
Published: July 2020

We aimed to assess the diagnostic capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for irreducible aspects preventing hip reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH). With pathological results or intraoperative findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 90.3% and 83.3% for the affected labrum, 92% and 83.3% for thickening of the round ligament, 90.0% and 91.3% for atrophy of the iliopsoas muscle, and 100% and 100% for fibrofatty pulvinar tissue and joint effusion, respectively. The MRI showed an extraordinary capability of detecting these irreducible factors and helped surgeon choose the appropriate treatment strategies.
Annual fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements and exacerbations in severe asthma: a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Abe Yuki , Suzuki Masaru , Kimura Hirokazu , Shimizu Kaoruko , Makita Hironi , Nishimura Masaharu , Konno Satoshi
Published: July 2020

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) reflects eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. However, the significance of longitudinal assessment of FeNO, including its variability, in the clinical course of severe asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between long-term changes in FeNO and the development of exacerbations in severe asthma.Methods: Among the severe asthma patients enrolled in the Hokkaido Severe Asthma Cohort Study, 100 patients with severe asthma who completed a 3-year follow-up in which FeNO was measured annually were included. According to the FeNO level at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years, the patients were classified into three groups: the sustained high group (≥50 ppb at all three visits), the sustained low group (<25 ppb at all three visits), and the intermediate group (other). Subjects in the intermediate group were further classified into two groups based on the median value of the coefficient of variation (CV) of FeNO during the 3 years (high CV and low CV intermediate groups). Results: The sustained high group experienced shorter exacerbation-free survival and more frequent exacerbations than the sustained low group (median number of exacerbation events, 3 vs. 0, p = 0.01). In the intermediate group, the high CV group experienced shorter exacerbation-free survival than the low CV group, and the CV of FeNO was an independent contributing factor to the development of exacerbations.Conclusion: Persistence of FeNO above 50 ppb over the years as well as the presence of large variations in FeNO levels were associated with the development of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma.