bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of composed charged particles with suspension of ternary hybrid nanoparticles in 3D-power law model computed by Galerkin algorithm
Authors: Nazir Umar , Mukdasai Kanit , Sohail Muhammad , Singh Abha , Alosaimi Mohammed Theeb , Alanazi Mashael , Tulu Ayele
Published: September 2023

Transport of heat visualizes a vital role in many industrial developments. Current study is discussing the role of Joule heating, solar thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous) with variable thermal conductivity on partially ionized power law material past over a three-dimensional heated stretched surface. The power law model is assumed to have the thermal characteristics of ethylene glycol material. The phenomenon of momentum and energy balance is derived in Cartesian coordinates and developed PD (partial differential)-equations. Swimming pools, solar collectors, food processing, electronic gadgets, cooling systems, magnetic field measurement, computer chips, thermal enhancement, semiconductor characterization, nuclear fusion research and other physical applications are examples of ongoing research. The principle of boundary layer simplified the governing problem. The complex coupled PD (partial differential)-equations have been converted into ordinary differential equations OD (ordinary differential)-equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The converted boundary value problem is complex and highly nonlinear which does not have the exact solution. The approximate solution is computed numerically via finite element scheme (FES) which is coded in MAPLE 18.0 symbolic package. The convergence of the scheme is established through grid independent survey and the solution is plotted against numerous involved parameters. Thermal performance produced by $$Si{O}_{2}$$

S
i

O
2

-$$Ti{O}_{2}$$

T
i

O
2

-$${Al}_{2}{O}_{3}$$

Al

2

O
3

/EG is higher thermal performance produced by $$Si{O}_{2}$$

S
i

O
2

-$$Ti{O}_{2}$$

T
i

O
2

/EG. Ion slip and Hall forces are responsible for generating Joule heating mechanism that is responsible for reduction of velocity curve and generating shear stresses. Hence, tangential stresses are declined against increasing $${\beta }_{i}$$

β
i

and $${\beta }_{e}.$$

β
e

.
Hyperspectral signature-band extraction and learning: an example of sugar content prediction of Syzygium samarangense
Authors: Yan Yung-Jhe , Wong Weng-Keong , Chen Chih-Jung , Huang Chi-Cho , Chien Jen‑Tzung , Ou-Yang Mang
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a method to extract the signature bands from the deep learning models of multispectral data converted from the hyperspectral data. The signature bands with two deep-learning models were further used to predict the sugar content of the Syzygium samarangense. Firstly, the hyperspectral data with the bandwidths lower than 2.5 nm were converted to the spectral data with multiple bandwidths higher than 2.5 nm to simulate the multispectral data. The convolution neural network (CNN) and the feedforward neural network (FNN) used these spectral data to predict the sugar content of the Syzygium samarangense and obtained the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.400° Brix and 0.408° Brix, respectively. Secondly, the absolute mean of the integrated gradient method was used to extract multiple signature bands from the CNN and FNN models for sugariness prediction. A total of thirty sets of six signature bands were selected from the CNN and FNN models, which were trained by using the spectral data with five bandwidths in the visible (VIS), visible to near-infrared (VISNIR), and visible to short-waved infrared (VISWIR) wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm, 400 to 1000 nm, and 400 to 1700 nm. Lastly, these signature-band data were used to train the CNN and FNN models for sugar content prediction. The FNN model using VISWIR signature bands with a bandwidth of ± 12.5 nm had a minimum MAE of 0.390°Brix compared to the others. The CNN model using VISWIR signature bands with a bandwidth of ± 10 nm had the lowest MAE of 0.549° Brix compared to the other CNN models. The MAEs of the models with only six spectral bands were even better than those with tens or hundreds of spectral bands. These results reveal that six signature bands have the potential to be used in a small and compact multispectral device to predict the sugar content of the Syzygium samarangense.
The measurement of true initial rates is not always absolutely necessary to estimate enzyme kinetic parameters
Authors: Frère Jean-Marie , Verlaine Olivier , Matagne André
Published: September 2023

In the chapters dealing with enzyme reactions, the authors of all Biochemistry textbooks and of even more specialized texts consider that the characteristic parameters (kcat and Km) must be determined under initial or steady-state rate conditions. This implies the transformation of a very limited proportion of substrate (at most 10–20%) or a continuous recording of the product or substrate concentration vs. time. Both options can present practical difficulties. Is it possible to get around these very stringent conditions? Here we show that in the most favourable cases up  to 70% of the substrate can be converted resulting in systematic errors on the parameters (that can easily be taken account of) if the simple Henri-Michaelis–Menten equation is utilised. Alternatively, the integrated form of the same equation directly yields excellent estimates of the same parameters. Our observations should greatly facilitate the task of researchers who study systems in which measurements of the reaction progress are painstaking or when substrate concentrations close to the detection limit must be used. The general conclusion is that it is not always absolutely necessary to determine initial or steady-state rates to obtain reliable estimations of the enzyme kinetic parameters..
Construction practice of water conveyance tunnel among complex geotechnical conditions: a case study
Authors: Duan Kaimin , Zhang Guofeng , Sun Hui
Published: September 2023

The construction practice of water conveyance tunnels often encounters various complex geotechnical engineering conditions, which bring huge challenges to the design and construction of water conveyance tunnels. Based on the theory of rock elastic–plastic mechanics and finite element analysis technology, this article carried out investigations of engineering geological features, geological formations and hydrological conditions establishes a calculation model for the 3# water conveyance tunnel of the Fenhe River Diversion Project, and analyzes the variation law of surrounding rock stress and displacement during TBM excavation of the tunnel. The results indicate that the dominant direction of the rock mass principal stress measured by the hydraulic fracturing method is NE84°, and the maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and vertical stress decrease sequentially, analyzing the characteristics of shield TBM construction technology, it is applied to the construction of water transfer tunnels. The numerical simulation of TBM construction using FLAC3D software shows that as the excavation surface advances, the subsidence value of the tunnel roof first slowly increases, then rapidly increases, and then tends to stabilize. The horizontal displacement of the surrounding rock is increasing. The maximum principal stress of the surrounding rock gradually increases. The final surrounding rock stress is 35 MPa. The TBM shield machine with mud water balance driven by indirectly controlled frequency conversion motor is selected for TBM construction of the tunnel. The study offers statistical information to support tunneling technology for water conveyance in the geotechnical engineering practice.
Linking governance with environmental quality: a global perspective
Authors: Azimi Mohammad Naim , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Nghiem Son
Published: September 2023

Sustainable environmental quality is a global concern, and a concrete remedy to overcome this challenge is a policy priority. Therefore, this study delves into the subject and examines the effects of governance on environmental quality in 180 countries from 1999 to 2021. To maintain comparability and precision, we first classify countries into full and income-level panels and then, innovatively, construct a composite governance index (CGI) to capture the extensive effects of governance on CO2 emissions. Complementing the stationarity properties of the variables, we employ the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags model to analyze the data. Our survey yields four key findings. First, a long-run nexus between CGI, CO2 emissions, and other control variables is confirmed. Second, the findings indicate that CGI is crucial to improving environmental quality by reducing CO2 emissions across all panels. Third, we find that while CGI maintains a similar magnitude, the size of its effects substantially varies according to the income level of the underlying countries. Fourth, the findings reveal that energy consumption, population growth rate, trade openness, and urbanization contribute to environmental degradation, while financial development and the human development index are significant in reducing CO2 emissions. Our findings suggest specific policy implications, summing up that one common policy is not a good fit for all environmental quality measures.
An efficient machine learning approach for predicting concrete chloride resistance using a comprehensive dataset
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Maedeh , Mousavi Seyed Sina , Hosseinzadeh Alireza , Dehestani Mehdi
Published: September 2023

By conducting an analysis of chloride migration in concrete, it is possible to enhance the durability of concrete structures and mitigate the risk of corrosion. In addition, the utilization of machine learning techniques that can effectively forecast the chloride migration coefficient of concrete shows potential as a financially viable and less complex substitute for labour-intensive experimental evaluations. The existing models for predicting chloride resistance encounter two primary challenges: the constraints imposed by a limited dataset and the absence of certain input variables. These factors collectively contribute to a decrease in the overall effectiveness of these models. Therefore, this study aims to propose an advanced approach for dataset cleaning, utilizing a comprehensive experimental dataset comprising 1073 pre-existing experimental outcomes. The proposed model for predicting the chloride diffusion coefficient incorporates various input variables, such as water content, cement content, slag content, fly ash content, silica fume content, fine aggregate content, coarse aggregate content, superplasticizer content, fresh density, compressive strength, age of compressive strength test, and age of migration test. The utilization of the artificial neural network (ANN) technique is also employed for the processing of missing data. The current supervised learning incorporates both regression and classification tasks. The efficacy of the proposed models for accurately predicting the chloride diffusion coefficient has been effectively validated. The findings indicate that the XGBoost and SVM algorithms exhibit superior performance compared to other regression prediction algorithms, as evidenced by their high R2 scores of 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. In relation to classification algorithms, the findings demonstrate that the Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost models exhibit the highest levels of accuracy, specifically 0.93, 0.96, and 0.97, respectively. Furthermore, a website has been developed that is capable of predicting the chloride migration coefficient and chloride penetration resistance of concrete.
An improved VSG control strategy based on transient electromagnetic power compensation
Authors: Gao Changwei , Wang Wei , Huang Chongyang , Zheng Weiqiang
Published: September 2023

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) not only increases the inertia of grid-connected system, but also brings the problem of active power oscillation under grid disturbance. Therefore, VSG control strategy and system model order reduction method with transient electromagnetic power compensation are proposed. The closed-loop active power small signal model of the system is established, and the influence of transient electromagnetic power compensation on the power stability of VSG is analyzed based on root locus method. By removing the items which have little influence on the stability of the system in the small signal model, the order is reduced to obtain the equivalent second-order model of the system. According to the second-order model, the quantitative design criteria of the system parameters are given. The proposed transient electromagnetic power compensation strategy not only increases the transient equivalent damping of the system, but also does not affect the primary frequency modulation characteristics and will not cause large overshoot of the output active power. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, which testify the effectiveness and correctness of the system control strategy and the model reduction method.
Unraveling the phase diagram-ion transport relationship in aqueous electrolyte solutions and correlating conductivity with concentration and temperature by semi-empirical modeling
Authors: Al-Salih Hilal , Baranova Elena A. , Abu-Lebdeh Yaser
Published: September 2023

The relationship between structure and ion transport in liquid electrolyte solutions is not well understood over the whole concentration and temperature ranges. In this work, we have studied the ionic conductivity (κ) as a function of molar fraction (x) and Temperature (T) for aqueous solutions of salts with nitrate anion and different cations (proton, lithium, calcium, and ammonium) along with their liquid-solid phase diagrams. The connection between the known features in the phase diagrams and the ionic conductivity isotherms is established with an insight on the conductivity mechanism. Also, known isothermal (κ vs.. x) and iso-compositional (κ vs.. T) equations along with a proposed two variables semi-empirical model (κ = f (x, T)) were fitted to the collected data to validate their accuracy. The role of activation energy and free volume in controlling ionic conductivity is discussed. This work brings us closer to the development of a phenomenological model to describe the structure and transport in liquid electrolyte solutions.
New cationic coinage metal complexes featuring silyl group functionalized phosphine: syntheses, structures and catalytic studies in alkyne–azide cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Sahoo Amiya Kumar , Kumar Sahoo Ashish , Das Bhagyashree , Panda Subhra Jyoti , Purohit Chandra Shekhar , Doddi Adinarayana
Published: September 2023

A series of coinage metal complexes bearing rarely explored ortho-silylated phosphine is reported.
Peripheral site modification in a family of dinuclear [Dy2(hynad)2–6(NO3)0–6(sol)0–2]0/2− single-molecule magnets bearing a {Dy2(μ-OR)2}4+ diamond-shaped core and exhibiting dissimilar magnetic dynamics
Authors: Armenis Alexandros S. , Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Worrell Anne , Cunha-Silva Luís , Dunbar Kim R. , Stamatatos Theocharis C.
Published: September 2023

A new family of four dinuclear DyIII complexes bearing the same {Dy2(μ-OR)2}4+ core but different peripheral ligands has been isolated; all complexes exhibit slow relaxation of their magnetization and SMM properties.
A robust Zintl cluster for the catalytic reduction of pyridines, imines and nitriles
Authors: van IJzendoorn Bono , Whittingham Jessica B. M. , Whitehead George F. S. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas , Mehta Meera
Published: September 2023

A boron functionalized phosphorus Zintl cluster was employed to catalytically hydroborate N-containing substrates. The catalyst could be recycled 9 times without loss in performance.
Impact of polymer chemistry on the application of polyurethane/ureas in organic thin film transistors
Authors: Mu Youbing , Sun Qian , Wan Xiaobo
Published: September 2023

The recent progress in using polyurethane/urea (PUU) as a semiconductor layer or insulation layer in OTFTs is systematically summarized and discussed separately according to the type of function of the device.
Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Mandal Tuhin , Mishra Shiv Rag , Singh Vikram
Published: September 2023

Red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials: Fluorescence mechanisms and their multifunctional application.
Recent advances on non-precious metal-catalysed fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes
Authors: Purushotam  , Bera Atanu , Banerjee Debasis
Published: September 2023

Recent advances on non-precious metal-catalysed fluorination, difluorimethylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes is presented.
Palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)–Si cross-coupling silylation of benzyl halides with hydrosilanes
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Hua , Zhu Jun-Hui , Song Guang-Ao , Jiang Xin-Li , Fang Xiao-Jun , Xu Zheng , Xu Li-Wen
Published: September 2023

An unprecedent and chemoselective Si–C(sp3) bond-forming cross-coupling silylation of benzyl halides with hydrosilanes has been established by palladium catalysis and B(C6F5)3 for the facile synthesis of functional benzyl silanes with good yields.
Structure and dynamics of chemically active ring polymers: swelling to collapse
Authors: Jain Namita , Thakur Snigdha
Published: September 2023

The structural transition in the ring polymer by virture of local and long-range chemical sensing.
A novel approach of decentralized H∞$H_{\infty }$ fuzzy filtering for nonlinear large‐scale systems with uncertain interconnections
Authors: Koo Geun Bum
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes, a novel decentralized fuzzy filter design for nonlinear large‐scale systems with uncertain interconnections. Based on Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, the error system is represented by filter error and filter state variables, and the filtering problem is defined. By using the Lyapunov functional, the stability condition of the error system with performance is obtained to solve the filtering problem, and its sufficient condition is converted into the linear matrix inequality (LMI) formats. Furthermore, the decentralized fuzzy filter design technique is also presented for the non‐measurable premise variable case. Finally, an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized fuzzy filtering techniques.
A robust fusion bus frequency estimation method to improve frequency oscillation damping in power systems
Authors: Farahani Ali , Abolmasoumi Amir H. , Mili Lamine , Bayat Mohammad
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a new robust method for accurately and reliably estimating remote bus frequencies in a power system. Two different measurement sources for the remote bus frequency are considered, that is, the ideal Frequency Divider (FD) and the Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loops (SRF‐PLLs). Each measurement signal encounters different uncertainties and data quality issues. In this paper, both data sources are employed and fused together to better estimate the remote bus frequencies. To this end, the model structure of the power system is selected and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is utilized together with a fusion covariance intersection method to enhance the accuracy of the estimated bus frequency. Since the fusion estimation method fails in case of quality issues on both channels, a robust Generalized Maximum‐likelihood UKF (GM‐UKF) using a novel outlier detection criteria is developed. The impact of the resulting robust fusion filter on the estimation of the remote bus frequencies and on the performance of WAPSS, which makes use of the estimated frequencies as the feedback signal, is examined via simulations. The results demonstrate the excellent performance and reliability of the proposed method in dealing with noise filtering and outlier suppression while ensuring a high statistical efficiency.
Cuboid‐Net: A multi‐branch convolutional neural network for joint space‐time video super resolution
Authors: Fu Congrui , Yuan Hui , Xu Hongji , Zhang Hao , Shen Liquan
Published: September 2023

The demand for high‐resolution videos has been consistently rising across various domains, propelled by continuous advancements in societal. Nonetheless, limitations in imaging and economic factors often result in obtaining low‐resolution images. The currently available space‐time video super‐resolution methods often fail to fully exploit the information existing within the spatio‐temporal domain. To address this problem, the issue is tackled by conceptualizing the input low‐resolution video as a cuboid structure. An innovative methodology called “Cuboid‐Net”, which incorporates a multi‐branch convolutional neural network, is introduced. Cuboid‐Net is designed to collectively enhance the spatial and temporal resolutions of videos, enabling the extraction of rich and meaningful information across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Specifically, the input video is taken as a cuboid to generate different directional slices as input for different branches of the network. The proposed network contains four modules, that is, a multi‐branch‐based hybrid feature extraction module, a multi‐branch‐based reconstruction module, a first‐stage quality enhancement module, and a second‐stage cross frame quality enhancement module for interpolated frames only. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is not only effective for spatial and temporal super‐resolution of video but also for spatial and angular super‐resolution of light field.
Demonstration of a contactless waste collection system: A Japanese case study
Authors: Ogawa Akihisa , Pandyaswargo Andante Hadi , Tsubouchi Ryota , Onoda Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased the need for social distancing and improved sanitation to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. In the waste management sector, protecting the safety and health of waste collection labourer has become a priority. In Japan, the labour shortage problem and ageing demography have intensified the need for contactless waste collection technology. This study responds to this need by reviewing the global practice of smart waste collection technologies and observing the situation of the Japanese waste collection system through participant observation. Based on the identified trends and status, the authors developed a contactless waste collection system and tested it on an actual working site. The demonstration showed that the system could safely lift a 700 L waste container containing 212 kg of waste to the collection truck without human contact. Labourers can be reduced from 2 to 1 person to operate the collection truck. This study also discovered the smart bin's potential to motivate the reduction of packaging waste consumption.
The space weather around the exoplanet GJ 436b
Authors: Vidotto A. A. , Bourrier V. , Fares R. , Bellotti S. , Donati J. F. , Petit P. , Hussain G. A. J. , Morin J.
Published: September 2023

The M dwarf star GJ 436 hosts a warm-Neptune that is losing a substantial amount of atmosphere, which is shaped by the interactions with the wind of the host star. The stellar wind is formed by particles and magnetic fields that shape the exo-space weather around the exoplanet GJ 436b. Here, we use the recently published magnetic map of GJ 436 to model its 3D Alfvén-wave-driven wind. We compared our results with previous transmission spectroscopic models and measurements of non-thermal velocities at the transition region of GJ 436; our models indicate that the wind of GJ 436 is powered by a smaller flux of Alfvén waves than that powering the wind of the Sun. This suggests that the canonical flux of Alfvén waves assumed in solar wind models might not be applicable to the winds of old M dwarf stars. Compared to the solar wind, GJ 436’s wind has a weaker acceleration and an extended sub-Alfvénic region. This is important because it places the orbit of GJ 436b inside the region dominated by the stellar magnetic field (i.e. inside the Alfvén surface). Due to the sub-Alfvénic motion of the planet through the stellar wind, magnetohydrodynamic waves and particles released in reconnection events can travel along the magnetic field lines towards the star, which could power the anomalous ultraviolet flare distribution recently observed in the system. For an assumed planetary magnetic field ofBp≃ 2 G, we derive the power released by stellar wind-planet interactions asƤ~ 1022−1023erg s−1, which is consistent with the upper limit of 1026erg s−1derived from ultraviolet lines. We further highlight that, because star-planet interactions depend on stellar wind properties, observations that probe these interactions and the magnetic map used in 3D stellar wind simulations should be contemporaneous for deriving realistic results.
Bewusst eingesetzt – Motorisches Lernen mit dem Therapieroboter
Authors: Huber Martin , Wirz Markus
Published: September 2023

Die Robotik eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten in der motorischen Neurorehabilitation. Exoskelette unterstützen Patient*innen nach Schlaganfall beim Gehen, andere Endeffektoren trainieren den betroffenen Arm spielerisch mit Exergames. Basis für die robotergestützte Therapie ist das Motorische Lernen. Der Transfer in den Alltag zeigt allerdings noch diverse Schwächen.
Überraschend erfrischend – World Congress of Physiotherapy 2023
Authors: Benitz Julia , Reich Moritz , Supp Georg
Published: September 2023

Zusammen mit fünf Kolleg*innen besuchten die Freiburger Physios Julia Benitz, Moritz Reich und Georg Supp den World Congress of Physiotherapy in Dubai. Beeindruckt haben sie vor allem noch unbekannte Redner*innen, die für die Physiotherapie brennen, sowie die allgemeine Atmosphäre, die die internationale Fachgemeinschaft verbreitete.
Behandlung des frühen Mammakarzinoms – 18. Internationaler St.-Gallen-Konsens vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen deutschen Therapieempfehlungen diskutiert
Authors: Untch Michael , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Brucker Sara Y. , Budach Wilfried , Denkert Carsten , Ditsch Nina , Fasching Peter A. , Haidinger Renate , Heil Jörg , Jackisch Christian , Janni Wolfgang , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Krug David , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Radosa Julia C. , Reimer Toralf , Welslau Manfred , Würstlein Rachel , Harbeck Nadia , Huober Jens
Published: September 2023

Die diesjährige 18. St.-Gallen-(SG-)Konsensus-Konferenz zur Behandlung des frühen Mammakarzinoms (SGBCC: St. Gallen Breast Cancer Conference) fokussierte auf praxisorientierte Fragestellungen. Die individuelle Krankheitssituation und Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung wurden sehr detailliert diskutiert. Wie schon in den vergangenen Jahren hat auch dieses Jahr eine deutsche Arbeitsgruppe führender Brustkrebsexpertinnen und -experten die Ergebnisse der internationalen SGBCC 2023 vor dem Hintergrund der deutschen Therapieempfehlungen – speziell der aktualisierten Therapieempfehlungen der Kommission Mamma der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie e. V. (AGO) – für den Klinikalltag in Deutschland diskutiert. Die deutschen Therapieempfehlungen der AGO Mamma 2023 basieren auf der aktuellen Evidenz. Der Abgleich mit dem klinischen Vorgehen in Deutschland hat sich bewährt, da sich das SGBCC-Panel aus Expertinnen und Experten unterschiedlicher Länder und Fachdisziplinen zusammensetzt, weshalb länderspezifische Besonderheiten in die SGBCC-Empfehlungen einfließen können.
Künstliche Intelligenz zur Indikationsstellung einer invasiven Mikrokalkabklärung im Mammografie-Screening
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Brehl Anne-Kathrin , Heindel Walter , Kerschke Laura
Published: September 2023

Ziel Läsionsbezogene Überprüfung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit eines individuellen Algorithmus künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Dignitätsbewertung von mammografisch detektierten und histologisch abgeklärten Mikroverkalkungen.

Material und Methoden Die retrospektive Studie umfasste 634 Frauen mit abgeschlossener invasiver Abklärungsdiagnostik aufgrund von Mikroverkalkungen einer Mammografie-Screening-Einheit (Juli 2012 – Juni 2018). Das KI-System berechnete für jede Läsion einen Score zwischen 0 und 98. Scores > 0 wurden als KI-positiv betrachtet. Die KI-Performance wurde läsionen-spezifisch auf Basis des positiven prädiktiven Werts der umgesetzten invasiven Abklärungsdiagnostik (PPV3), der Rate falsch negativer und richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Der PPV3 stieg über die Befundstufen an (Befunder: 4a: 21,2 %, 4b: 57,7 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt 30,3 %; KI: 4a: 20,8 %, 4b: 57,8 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt: 30,7 %). Die Rate falsch negativer KI-Bewertungen lag bei 7,2 % (95 %-CI: 4,3 %, 11,4 %), die Rate richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen bei 9,1 % (95 %-CI: 6,6 %, 11,9 %). Diese Raten waren mit 12,5 % bzw. 10,4 % in der Befundstufe 4a am größten. Im Median war der KI-Score für benigne Läsionen am geringsten (61, Interquartilsabstand [IQR]: 45–74) und für invasive Mammakarzinome am höchsten (81, IQR: 64–86). Mediane Scores für das duktale Carcinoma in situ waren: 74 beim geringen (IQR: 63–84), 70 (IQR: 52–79) beim intermediären und 74 (IQR: 66–83) beim hohen Kernmalignitätsgrad.

Schlussfolgerung Bei niedrigster Schwelle führt die Mikrokalk-bezogene KI-Bewertung zu einem zur menschlichen Bewertung vergleichbaren Anstieg des PPV3 über die Befundstufen. Der größte KI-bezogene Verlust an Brustkrebsdetektionen liegt bei geringstgradig suspekten Mikroverkalkungen vor mit einer vergleichbaren Einsparung falsch positiver invasiver Abklärungen. Eine Score-bezogene Stratifizierung maligner Läsionen lässt sich nicht ableiten.

Kernaussagen: 

Zitierweise
Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 3 – Expert Opinions of Early Stage Breast Cancer Therapies
Authors: Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Witzel Isabell , Thomssen Christoph , Beierlein Milena , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Wöckel Achim , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar , Bartsch Rupert , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ettl Johannes , Krug David , Taran Florin-Andrei , Lüftner Diana , Würstlein Rachel
Published: September 2023

The St. Gallen (SG) International Breast Cancer Conference is held every two years, previously in St. Gallen and now in Vienna. This year (2023) marks the eighteenth edition of this
conference, which focuses on the treatment of patients with early-stage breast carcinoma. A panel discussion will be held at the end of this four-day event, during which a panel of experts
will give their opinions on current controversial issues relating to the treatment of early-stage breast cancer patients. To this end, questions are generally formulated in such a way that
clinically realistic cases are presented – often including poignant hypothetical modifications. This review reports on the outcome of these discussions and summarises the data associated
with individual questions raised.
Statement of the Uterus Commission of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO) on the Use of Primary Chemoimmunotherapy to Treat Patients with Locally Advanced
or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Tempfer Clemens , Brucker Sara , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Mallmann Peter , Steiner Eric , Denschlag Dominik , Hillemanns Peter , Wallwiener Markus , Beckmann Matthias W. ,   for the Uterus Commission of the AGO
Published: September 2023

The publication of two large randomized studies – the ENGOT-EN-6-NSGO/GOG-3031/RUBY trial and the NRG-GY018 trial – which investigated combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy to treat
patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) has transformed the clinical study landscape in terms of first-line therapy for affected patients and has set a new
standard of therapy. In the ENGOT-EN-6-NSGO/GOG-3031/RUBY trial, the addition of dostarlimab to standard chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in

In the NRG-GY018 trial, the addition of pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in

As expected, the effect in both trials was much more pronounced in the group of patients with dMMR/MSI-high tumors. According to the assessment of the Uterus Organ Commission of the AGO,
all patients with dMMR/MSI-high tumors should receive chemoimmunotherapy and all patients with pMMR/MSI-low tumors who meet the inclusion criteria of the two trials discussed here may have
chemoimmunotherapy. For dostarlimab this means:

For pembrolizumab this means:
Whole Exome Analysis to Select Targeted Therapies for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer – A Feasibility Study
Authors: Jaeger Bernadette Anna Sophia , Krawczyk Natalia , Japp Anna Sophia , Honisch Ellen , Köhrer Karl , Scheuring Sibylle , Petzsch Patrick , Neubauer Hans , Volkmer Anne Kathrin , Esposito Irene , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Niederacher Dieter , Fehm Tanja
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this feasibility study was to select targeted therapies according to “ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT)”. Data interpretation was further
supported by a browser-based Treatment Decision Support platform (MH Guide, Molecular Health, Heidelberg, Germany).

We applied next generation sequencing based whole exome sequencing of tumor tissue and peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer (n = 44) to detect somatic as well as
germline mutations.

In 32 metastatic breast cancer patients, data interpretation was feasible. We identified 25 genomic alterations with ESCAT Level of Evidence I or II in 18/32 metastatic breast cancer
patients, which were available for evaluation: three copy number gains in HER2, two gBRCA1, two gBRCA2, six PIK3CA, one ESR1, three PTEN, one
AKT1 and two HER2 mutations. In addition, five samples displayed Microsatellite instability high-H.

Resulting treatment options were discussed in a tumor board and could be recommended in a small but relevant proportion of patients with metastatic breast cancer (7/18). Thus, this study
is a valuable preliminary work for the establishment of a molecular tumor board within the German initiative “Center for Personalized Medicine” which aims to shorten time for analyses and
optimize selection of targeted therapies.
Large Multicentric Synchronous Extra-Abdominal Fibromatosis of the Leg and Foot: A Case Report
Authors: Bakde Ashwini M. , Gunasekaran Vignesh , Anand Aarti , Meshram Nisha
Published: September 2023

Extra-abdominal fibromatosis is an uncommon, benign locally aggressive fibrous soft-tissue tumor that usually occurs in the shoulders, chest wall, back, thigh, and head and neck affecting the young adult population. It is commonly located in the subcutaneous tissue and may infiltrate the adjacent skeletal muscles. We hereby report a rare case of a large extra-abdominal fibromatosis of the leg and foot in a 38-year-old woman. The patient presented with a large voluminous lesion clinically and on imaging, which was difficult to diagnose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was very helpful in diagnosing the lesion. It revealed a large relatively well-defined, lobulated hypointense mass in the posterior compartment of the leg with extension into the lower thigh and foot with local infiltration into the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the mass was diagnosed on pathological examination as a spindle-shaped fibroblast proliferation suggesting extra-abdominal fibromatosis.
Diplomatic complexity and long-tailed distributions: the function of non-strategic bilateral relations
Authors: Nishikawa-Pacher Andreas
Published: September 2023

States enact relations with both important partners and seemingly irrelevant countries. The non-strategic constitutes the larger set; a histogram could visualize them in a long-tailed distribution, with the x-axis denoting the partner countries, and the y-axis showing the interaction density. Investigating the function of this long tail, this paper premises that the international is characterized by complexity, meaning that the number of elements is so large that it is impossible to realize all relations simultaneously. States thus select their diplomatic partners based on power-rationales. The thereby inactive nodes nevertheless pose sources of danger, requiring occasional signals of amity—hence a long tail comes about. A repertoire of cheap and quick but unambiguously sovereign practices (such as Twiplomacy, gifts, or honorary consulates) can be spontaneously activated to fill otherwise neglected inter-state ties. Seemingly trivial gestures thus ensure peace among plural polities under the constraint of systemic complexity.
Short Notes: Effect of the sign of charge carriers in the kinetic and magnetic anomalies of Al0.5CoCuCrNiFe high-entropy alloy
Authors: Azarenkov N. A. , Frolov V. A. , Karaseva E. V. , Mats A. V. , Savchuk E. S. , Sokolenko V. I. , Tikhonovsky M. A.
Published: September 2023

Within the framework of the phenomenological concepts of two-component electrical conductivity, a correlation analysis of the temperature behavior of the kinetic and magnetic characteristics of the high-entropy Al0.5CoCuCrNiFe alloy in the range of Т ∼ 210–170 K was carried out. It was shown that the reason for the previously discovered anomalies in these characteristics is conversion transformations in the system of charge carriers. The “driving force” of the transformations, apparently, is a non-conformal change with temperature in the positions of the alloy atoms, which differ in size, mass, and electronic structure. This leads to the deformation of the Brillouin zones and modification of the Fermi surface. It has been shown for the first time that the spontaneous magnetization (Is) of alloys of the AlCoCuCrNiFe family contains electronic Ise and hole Ish components. In accordance with Bloch’s “T3/2” law, we concluded that the exchange interaction integral J in these alloys is also two-component. The agreement of the obtained experimental data with the results of “mechanical spectroscopy” of identical samples of Al0.5CoCuCrNiFe alloy is demonstrated.
KoopmanLab: Machine learning for solving complex physics equations
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ma Muyuan , Huang Xiaomeng , Zhang Ziyang , Sun Pei , Tian Yang
Published: September 2023

Numerous physics theories are rooted in partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the increasingly intricate physics equations, especially those that lack analytic solutions or closed forms, have impeded the further development of physics. Computationally solving PDEs by classic numerical approaches suffers from the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency and is not applicable to the empirical data generated by unknown latent PDEs. To overcome this challenge, we present KoopmanLab, an efficient module of the Koopman neural operator (KNO) family, for learning PDEs without analytic solutions or closed forms. Our module consists of multiple variants of the KNO, a kind of mesh-independent neural-network-based PDE solvers developed following the dynamic system theory. The compact variants of KNO can accurately solve PDEs with small model sizes, while the large variants of KNO are more competitive in predicting highly complicated dynamic systems govern by unknown, high-dimensional, and non-linear PDEs. All variants are validated by mesh-independent and long-term prediction experiments implemented on representative PDEs (e.g., the Navier–Stokes equation and the Bateman–Burgers equation in fluid mechanics) and ERA5 (i.e., one of the largest high-resolution global-scale climate datasets in earth physics). These demonstrations suggest the potential of KoopmanLab to be a fundamental tool in diverse physics studies related to equations or dynamic systems.
Capacity building for mental health services: methodology and lessons learned from the Partners in Recovery initiative
Authors: Shelby-James Tania , Rattray Megan , Raymond Garry , Reed Richard
Published: September 2023

Background The Partners in Recovery (PIR) program was implemented by the Australian Government Department of Health. Its overriding aim was to improve the coordination of services for people with severe and persistent mental illness, and who have complex needs that are not being met. The PIR capacity-building project (CBP) was funded to provide capacity building activities to the nationwide network of consortia that were set up in 2013 to deliver PIR over a 3-year period. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and findings from an evaluation of the PIR CBP. Methods The evaluation involved collecting feedback from consenting PIR staff via an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. CBP activities included: state and national meetings; a web portal; teleconferences; webinars; a support facilitator mentor program; and tailored support from the CBP team. Results The CBP made a positive contribution to the implementation and delivery of PIR. Staff highly valued activities that employed face-to-face interaction or provided informative knowledge exchange, and were appreciative of CBP staff being responsive and adaptable to their needs. Conclusions From this evaluation, we recommend the following: identify relevant functions (e.g. prioritise networking), select the right mode of delivery (e.g. establish an online presence) and abide by key principles (e.g. be responsive to staff needs). This information is informing the mental health workforce capacity building activities that our team is currently undertaking.
Morality and polyphony in peer dialogues
Authors: Nasi Nicola
Published: September 2023

This study investigates children’s dialogic negotiation of the moral order of the classroom in a heterogeneous
peer group. Drawing from video-ethnographic research in two primary schools in Italy, the study adopts a CA-informed approach to
analyze 9- to 10-year-old children’s dialogic interactions around the appropriate and inappropriate ways of behaving in the
classroom. As the analysis illustrates, children reproduce institutional moral norms and ideologies to sanction perceived
infringements of the classroom moral order. In response to that, the recipients provide accounts to justify their conduct
or resist the moral accusation of their classmates. In the discussion it is argued that these
morality-building practices are relevant to (a) children’s negotiation of their social organization and local identities in the
peer group and (b) children’s socialization to the moral expectations of the classroom community.
Ethnic humour in cartoons
Authors: Săftoiu Răzvan , Tudor Noémi
Published: September 2023

Cartoons are designed as a response to a social event and aim to create a humorous effect in the audience through
their multimodal discourse. The interpretation requires contextual and cultural information which has to be shared by the
cartoonist and the audience. Our research focuses on the dialogue of humorous cartoons between the West and the East. From a
dialogic perspective, the action, i.e., the cartoons published in the French and Swiss media, generates a reaction in the Romanian
media. We discuss the transfer of national stereotypes at a European level and show that, although the cartoons target a
particular out-group, they ricochet to another group. Thus, new boundaries are set up and humour functions as a divisive social
activity.
Is there continuity from implicit recognition of intentional action in infants to explicit mindreading in preschoolers? Systematic review of longitudinal evidence and theoretical implications (¿Hay continuidad entre el reconocimiento implícito de la acción intencional en bebés y la lectura de mente explícita en preescolares? Revisión sistemática de la evidencia longitudinal e implicaciones teóricas)
Authors: Gómez-Tabares Anyerson-Stiths
Published: September 2023

The idea that implicit and explicit mindreading form a continuum is controversial. This paper presents a systematic review of longitudinal findings on the development of mindreading in children to compare the main theoretical explanations of this capacity (enrichment and conceptual change theories, submentalizing theory and two-system theory). The longitudinal findings on the predictive relationships between implicit and explicit measures of mindreading demonstrate a continuum between children’s implicit and explicit capacities to understand others’ mental states. Moreover, the findings support the theory of continuous conceptual enrichment and change and provide evidence against submentalist theories. This paper proposes that implicit mindreading is based on the interactive processes of joint attention and shared intentionality that precede explicit mind comprehension.
Responding to uncertainty: examining Hong Kong parents’ perceptions of private tutoring through the lens of timescapes (Responder ante la incertidumbre: un análisis de las percepciones parentales de las clases privadas en Hong Kong a través de la lente de los cronopaisajes — timescapes)
Authors: Tsaloukidis Alexandros , Kobakhidze M. Nutsa
Published: September 2023

This paper explores how parents in Hong Kong perceive the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of academic and non-academic private tutoring (PT) for their children, using a thematic analysis of interviews with 80 parents from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. We seek to understand the role of PT in parents’ thinking about their children’s learning and developmental needs in uncertain times, which foregrounds parents’ temporalities in the face of disruption. We find that maintaining pre-pandemic PT levels was the most common attitude for almost half of the sample, followed by roughly similar groups of parents who increased or decreased their use of PT. Parental perceptions of the functions of PT converged on three main uses: mitigating the effects of schooling disruptions, making productive use of newfound free time and providing a sense of normality. Using a timescapes lens, we identify temporal elements in how PT factored into parents’ experiences and perceptions of managing ‘gained’ and ‘lost’ time, adapting to remote learning, avoiding health risks and reflecting on inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cyclic oxidation of slurry silicide-aluminide coatings formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Kochmańska Agnieszka , Kochmański Paweł
Published: September 2023

A proprietary slurry cementation method was used to produce silicide-aluminide coatings on alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The cementation processes were carried out at 900–1100 °C for 2–6 h. The coatings exhibited a stratified configuration characterised by a phase arrangement that demonstrates favourable attributes pertaining to mechanical and corrosion resistance capabilities, namely, the presence of aluminium-enriched phases at the coating surface and titanium-enriched phases proximity to the substrate. The cyclic oxidation behaviour at 800 °C for 30 twenty-two-hour cycles was investigated. The characterisation of the structure of coatings was carried out through the use of scanning microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The coatings have excellent resistance to cyclic oxidation, resulting from the gradient structure and the establishment of a protective alumina layer on the surface. The coatings were characterised by good resistance to thermal shocks. The microcracks formed during thermal shocks were filled with an alumina, which renders the coatings self-healing.