bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barkhausen Noise Emission in AISI 321 Austenitic Steel Originating from the Strain-Induced Martensite Transformation
Authors: Neslušan Miroslav , Šugárová Jana , Haušild Petr , Minárik Peter , Čapek Jiří , Jambor Michal , Šugár Peter
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the sensitivity of the Barkhausen noise technique against strain-induced martensite in AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel. Martensite transformation was induced by the uniaxial tensile test, and a variable martensite fraction was obtained at different plastic strains. It was found that Barkhausen noise emission progressively increases with plastic straining, while its evolution is driven by the martensite fraction in the deformed matrix. This study also demonstrates that the uniaxial tensile stressing produced a certain level of stress and magnetic anisotropy in the samples. The number of strong Barkhausen pulses increased for more developed strains, whereas the position of the Barkhausen noise envelope remained less affected. This study clearly demonstrates the good sensitivity of the Barkhausen noise technique against the degree of martensite transformation in austenitic stainless steel. Moreover, this technique is sensitive to the direction of the exerted load.
Effects of Salt Tracer Volume and Concentration on Residence Time Distribution Curves for Characterization of Liquid Steel Behavior in Metallurgical Tundish
Authors: Ding Changyou , Lei Hong , Niu Hong , Zhang Han , Yang Bin , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2021

The residence time distribution (RTD) curve is widely applied to describe the fluid flow in a tundish, different tracer mass concentrations and different tracer volumes give different residence time distribution curves for the same flow field. Thus, it is necessary to have a deep insight into the effects of the mass concentration and the volume of tracer solution on the residence time distribution curve. In order to describe the interaction between the tracer and the fluid, solute buoyancy is considered in the Navier–Stokes equation. Numerical results show that, with the increase of the mass concentration and the volume of the tracer, the shape of the residence time distribution curve changes from single flat peak to single sharp peak and then to double peaks. This change comes from the stratified flow of the tracer. Furthermore, the velocity difference number is introduced to demonstrate the importance of the density difference between the tracer and the fluid.
Semi-Synthesis of Harringtonolide Derivatives and Their Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Wu Xiutao , Gong Lijie , Chen Chen , Tao Ye , Zhou Wuxi , Kong Lingyi , Luo Jianguang
Published: March 2021

Harringtonolide (HO), a natural product isolated from Cephalotaxus harringtonia, exhibits potent antiproliferative activity. However, little information has been reported on the systematic structure−activity relationship (SAR) of HO derivatives. Modifications on tropone, lactone, and allyl positions of HO (1) were carried out to provide 17 derivatives (2–13, 11a–11f). The in vitro antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines (HCT-116, A375, A549, and Huh-7) and one normal cell line (L-02) was tested. Amongst these novel derivatives, compound 6 exhibited comparable cell growth inhibitory activity to HO and displayed better selectivity index (SI = 56.5) between Huh-7 and L-02 cells. The SAR results revealed that the tropone and lactone moieties are essential for the cytotoxic activities, which provided useful suggestions for further structural optimization of HO.
Mucosal Challenge Ferret Models of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Brasel Trevor , Comer Jason E. , Massey Shane , Smith Jeanon , Smith Jennifer , Hyde Matthew , Kocsis Andrew , Gainey Melicia , Niemuth Nancy , Triplett Cheryl , Rudge Thomas
Published: March 2021

Recent studies have shown the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) to be a promising small animal model for the study of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease and medical countermeasure evaluation. To date, most studies have focused on traditional challenge routes, predominantly intramuscular and intranasal administration. Here, we present results from a non-clinical pathogenicity study examining oronasal, oral, and ocular mucosal challenge routes in ferrets. Animals were challenged with 1, 10, or 100 plaque forming units EBOV followed by monitoring of disease progression and biosampling. Ferrets administered virus via oronasal and oral routes met euthanasia criteria due to advanced disease 5–10 days post-challenge. Conversely, all ferrets dosed via the ocular route survived until the scheduled study termination 28-day post-challenge. In animals that succumbed to disease, a dose/route response was not observed; increases in disease severity, febrile responses, serum and tissue viral load, alterations in clinical pathology, and gross/histopathology findings were similar between subjects. Disease progression in ferrets challenged via ocular administration was unremarkable throughout the study period. Results from this study further support the ferret as a model for EBOV disease following oral and nasal mucosa exposure.
High Frequency of Cryptosporidium hominis Infecting Infants Points to A Potential Anthroponotic Transmission in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Cossa-Moiane Idalécia , Cossa Hermínio , Bauhofer Adilson Fernando Loforte , Chilaúle Jorfélia , Guimarães Esperança Lourenço , Bero Diocreciano Matias , Cassocera Marta , Bambo Miguel , Anapakala Elda , Chissaque Assucênio , Sambo Júlia , Langa Jerónimo Souzinho , Manhique-Coutinho Lena Vânia , Fantinatti Maria , Lopes-Oliveira Luis António , Da-Cruz Alda Maria , de Deus Nilsa
Published: March 2021

Cryptosporidium is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in children less than 2 years of age. In this study, we report the frequency, risk factors and species of Cryptosporidium detected by molecular diagnostic methods in children admitted to two public hospitals in Maputo City, Mozambique. We studied 319 patients under the age of five years who were admitted due to diarrhea between April 2015 and February 2016. Single stool samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, microscopically by using a Modified Ziehl–Neelsen (mZN) staining method and by using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique using 18S ribosomal RNA gene as a target. Overall, 57.7% (184/319) were males, the median age (Interquartile range, IQR) was 11.0 (7–15) months. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 11.0% (35/319) by microscopy and in 35.4% (68/192) using PCR-RFLP. The most affected age group were children older than two years, [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.861; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.532–22.417; p-value < 0.05]. Children with illiterate caregivers had higher risk of infection (aOR: 1.688; 95% CI: 1.001–2.845; p-value < 0.05). An anthroponotic species C. hominis was found in 93.0% (27/29) of samples. Our findings demonstrated that cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea might be caused by anthroponomic transmission.
The Latest Research on RT-QuIC Assays—A Literature Review
Authors: Dong Thi-Thu-Trang , Satoh Katsuya
Published: March 2021

The misfolding of proteins such as the prion protein, α-synuclein, and tau represents a key initiating event for pathogenesis of most common neurodegenerative disorders, and its presence correlates with infectivity. To date, the diagnosis of these disorders mainly relied on the recognition of clinical symptoms when neurodegeneration was already at an advanced phase. In recent years, several efforts have been made to develop new diagnostic tools for the early diagnosis of prion diseases. The real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT–QuIC) assay, an in vitro assay that can indirectly detect very low amounts of PrPSc aggregates, has provided a very promising tool to improve the early diagnosis of human prion diseases. Over the decade since RT–QuIC was introduced, the diagnosis of not only prion diseases but also synucleinopathies and tauopathies has greatly improved. Therefore, in our study, we summarize the current trends and knowledge of RT–QuIC assays, as well as discuss the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases using RT–QuIC assays, which have been updated in recent years.
Climate-Driven Plant Response and Resilience on the Tibetan Plateau in Space and Time: A Review
Authors: Bhattarai Prakash , Zheng Zhoutao , Bhatta Kuber Prasad , Adhikari Yagya Prasad , Zhang Yangjian
Published: March 2021

Climate change variation on a small scale may alter the underlying processes determining a pattern operating at large scale and vice versa. Plant response to climate change on individual plant levels on a fine scale tends to change population structure, community composition and ecosystem processes and functioning. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on plant response and resilience to climate change in space and time at different scales on the Tibetan Plateau. We report that spatiotemporal variation in temperature and precipitation dynamics drives the vegetation and ecosystem function on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), following the water–energy dynamics hypothesis. Increasing temperature with respect to time increased the net primary productivity (NPP) on most parts of the Tibetan Plateau, but the productivity dynamics on some parts were constrained by 0.3 °C decade−1 rising temperature. Moreover, we report that accelerating studies on plant community assemblage and their contribution to ecosystem functioning may help to identify the community response and resilience to climate extremes. Furthermore, records on species losses help to build the sustainable management plan for the entire Tibetan Plateau. We recommend that incorporating long-term temporal data with multiple factor analyses will be helpful to formulate the appropriate measures for a healthy ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau.
Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated with Symptomatic Citrus Plants in Europe
Authors: Bezerra Jadson Diogo Pereira , Crous Pedro Wilhelm , Aiello Dalia , Gullino Maria Lodovica , Polizzi Giancarlo , Guarnaccia Vladimiro
Published: March 2021

This study represents the first survey studying the occurrence, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with symptomatic citrus species in citrus-production areas in five European countries. Based on morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes, nine species were identified as belonging to the genera Diplodia, Dothiorella, Lasiodiplodia, and Neofusicoccum. Isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia pseudoseriata were the most frequently detected, while Dothiorella viticola had the widest distribution, occurring in four of the five countries sampled. Representative isolates of the nine Botryosphaeriaceae species used in the pathogenicity tests caused similar symptoms to those observed in nature. Isolates assayed were all re-isolated, thereby fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Isolates of Diplodia pseudoseriata and Diplodia olivarum are recorded for the first time on citrus and all species found in our study, except N. parvum, are reported for the first time on citrus in Europe.
Building Exploitation Routines in the Circular Supply Chain to Obtain Radical Innovations
Authors: Alonso-Muñoz Sara , González-Sánchez Rocío , Siligardi Cristina , García-Muiña Fernando Enrique
Published: March 2021

The adaptation of the supply chain makes it an effective tool in the management of a circular economy, as it allows aspects of sustainability and regeneration to be incorporated into production. However, empirical evidence is still insufficient. In addition, the use of absorptive capacity theory provides a convenient context model that is adapted to the knowledge management required for the application of circularity principles. To study in depth the functioning of the circular supply chain, we use the dimension of exploitation of absorptive capacity, distinguishing between routines that allow adaptation to new production needs (technological knowledge) and new commercial needs (market knowledge). The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 9612 companies, divided into three levels of technology intensity manufacturing, from the PITEC panel using multivariate models. The results show that the operating routines associated with the use of production and logistics technologies developed in a circular fashion favor the development of new products. Similarly, a bidirectional knowledge flow is necessary. The first flow is toward the company with practices that allow a better understanding of the customer and their needs in the framework of the circular economy. The second flow would be toward customers, who need to be informed and educated through various marketing and communication activities to adapt their behavior to the principles of circularity.
Mechatronic Re-Design of a Manual Assembly Workstation into a Collaborative One for Wire Harness Assemblies
Authors: Palomba Ilaria , Gualtieri Luca , Rojas Rafael , Rauch Erwin , Vidoni Renato , Ghedin Andrea
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the wire harness assembly process is still manually performed due to the process complexity and product variability (e.g., wires of different kind, size and length). The Wire cobots project, in which this work was conceived, aims at improving the current state-of-art assembly process by introducing in it collaborative robotics. A shared workstation exploiting human abilities and machine strengths was developed to assembly automotive wire harness by means of insulated tape for a real industrial case. In the new workstation, the human deals with the complex task of wire handling, while the robot performs the repetitive and strenuous taping operations. Such a task allocation together with the workstation redesign allow for an improvement of the operator’s well-being in terms of postural conditions and for an increase of the production efficiency. In this paper, the mechanical and mechatronic design, as well as the realization and validation of this new collaborative workstation are presented and discussed.
Allergic Reactions to Current Available COVID-19 Vaccinations: Pathophysiology, Causality, and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Kounis Nicholas G. , Koniari Ioanna , de Gregorio Cesare , Velissaris Dimitris , Petalas Konstantinos , Brinia Aikaterini , Assimakopoulos Stelios F. , Gogos Christos , Kouni Sophia N. , Kounis George N. , Calogiuri GianFranco , Hung Ming-Yow
Published: March 2021

Vaccines constitute the most effective medications in public health as they control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases and reduce mortality. Similar to other medications, allergic reactions can occur during vaccination. While most reactions are neither frequent nor serious, anaphylactic reactions are potentially life-threatening allergic reactions that are encountered rarely, but can cause serious complications. The allergic responses caused by vaccines can stem from activation of mast cells via Fcε receptor-1 type I reaction, mediated by the interaction between immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against a particular vaccine, and occur within minutes or up to four hours. The type IV allergic reactions initiate 48 h after vaccination and demonstrate their peak between 72 and 96 h. Non-IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation via activation of the complement system and via activation of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 can also induce allergic reactions. Reactions are more often caused by inert substances, called excipients, which are added to vaccines to improve stability and absorption, increase solubility, influence palatability, or create a distinctive appearance, and not by the active vaccine itself. Polyethylene glycol, also known as macrogol, in the currently available Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and polysorbate 80, also known as Tween 80, in AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines, are excipients mostly incriminated for allergic reactions. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge of immediate and delayed allergic reactions in the currently available vaccines against COVID-19, together with the general and specific therapeutic considerations. These considerations include: The incidence of allergic reactions and deaths under investigation with the available vaccines, application of vaccination in patients with mast cell disease, patients who developed an allergy during the first dose, vasovagal symptoms masquerading as allergic reactions, the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, deaths associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and questions arising in managing of this current ordeal. Careful vaccine-safety surveillance over time, in conjunction with the elucidation of mechanisms of adverse events across different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, will contribute to the development of a safe vaccine strategy. Allergists’ expertise in proper diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions is vital for the screening of high-risk individuals.
Natural and Synthetic Saponins as Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Wang Pengfei
Published: March 2021

Saponin adjuvants have been extensively studied for their use in veterinary and human vaccines. Among them, QS-21 stands out owing to its unique profile of immunostimulating activity, inducing a balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, which is valuable to a broad scope of applications in combating various microbial pathogens, cancers, and other diseases. It has recently been approved for use in human vaccines as a key component of combination adjuvants, e.g., AS01b in Shingrix® for herpes zoster. Despite its usefulness in research and clinic, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of QS-21 and other saponin adjuvants are poorly understood. Extensive efforts have been devoted to studies for understanding the mechanisms of QS-21 in different formulations and in different combinations with other adjuvants, and to medicinal chemistry studies for gaining mechanistic insights and development of practical alternatives to QS-21 that can circumvent its inherent drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the current understandings of the mechanism underlying QS-21’s adjuvanticity and the encouraging results from recent structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Intranasal Influenza Vaccine (NasoVAX): A Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Tasker Sybil , Wight O’Rourke Anna , Suyundikov Anvar , Jackson Booth Peta-Gay , Bart Stephan , Krishnan Vyjayanthi , Zhang Jianfeng , Anderson Katie J. , Georges Bertrand , Roberts M. Scot
Published: March 2021

Annual influenza vaccination greatly reduces morbidity and mortality, but effectiveness remains sub-optimal. Weaknesses of current vaccines include low effectiveness against mismatched strains, lack of mucosal and other effective tissue-resident immune responses, weak cellular immune responses, and insufficiently durable immune responses. The safety and immunogenicity of NasoVAX, a monovalent intranasal influenza vaccine based on a replication-deficient adenovirus type 5 platform, were evaluated in a placebo-controlled single ascending-dose study. Sixty healthy adults (18–49 years) received a single intranasal dose of 1×109 viral particles (vp), 1 × 1010 vp, or 1 × 1011 vp of NasoVAX or placebo. NasoVAX was well-tolerated and elicited robust influenza-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. The highest NasoVAX dose and the approved Fluzone® influenza vaccine elicited comparable hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers (152.8 vs. 293.4) and microneutralization (MN) geometric mean titers (142.5 vs. 162.8), with NasoVAX HAI titers maintained more than 1-year on average following a single dose. Hemagglutinin-specific T cells responses were also documented in peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) preparations. Consistent with the intranasal route of administration, NasoVAX elicited antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses in the nasopharyngeal cavity with an increase of approximately 2-fold over baseline GMT at the mid- and high-doses. In summary, NasoVAX appeared safe and elicited a broad immune response, including humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, with no impact of baseline anti-adenovirus antibody at the most immunogenic dose.
Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine among the Saudi Population
Authors: Alfageeh Eman Ibrahim , Alshareef Noor , Angawi Khadijah , Alhazmi Fahad , Chirwa Gowokani Chijere
Published: March 2021

To investigate the associated factors underlying vaccination intentions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults 18 years or over in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between 8 and 14 December 2020. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine and identify the variables associated with vaccination intentions for COVID-19, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) also calculated. A total of 2137 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, about 48% of Saudi adults were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants had stronger intentions to receive a vaccination if they resided in the southern region (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.21–3.14), received the seasonal influenza vaccination in the past (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.17–1.97), believed in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (OR: 45.07; 95% CI: 31.91–63.65), or reported high levels of concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.29–2.81). Participants were less likely to have an intention to be vaccinated if they had a history of vaccine refusal (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.19–0.40). The low acceptance rate among the Saudi population should be targeted with multifaceted interventions aimed at raising awareness and emphasizing the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.
A Question of Presence and Agency
Authors: Gaber Tammy
Published: March 2021

New scholarship, covered by the books in this review essay, include studies of mosques in the UK, Canada, Spain and Australia and demonstrate that the proclamation of presence of the architecture of the mosque works on a number of levels. The exterior façade, of course, functions to symbolize some sort of landmark and identity in a variety of possible architectural languages. However, the interior, is where the differences truly lie between the mosque in constructed in the Muslim world and those constructed outside of the Muslim world. For minority communities, the mosque program necessarily includes facilities for education, recreation, festive gathering and dining in addition to other specific programs such as funeral preparation, food bank collection and so forth.

The contemporary mosque in the non-Muslim world, regardless of how west, north or south it is located, is loaded with much more programmatic demand in addition to the perceived politics of creating presence and identity in a perceived foreign landscape.

To download full review, click on PDF.
对大型商业建筑防火与安全疏散设计的分析
Authors: 俞 云耀
Published: March 2021

伴随经济发展与进步，中国大型建筑项目不断增多，整个规模也在不断扩大，建筑工业已不再是传统的行业，而是走向海外市场，引进更多的元素参与工程，中国许多大型商业建筑项目都是由设计人员进行的前期设计，经过近几年的发展，设计水平与综合性的发展，使得设计水平与综合性得到不断的提高，在大型商业建筑设计方面尤为突出，大型商业建筑的各种形式在不断地增加，当然一些发展问题是安全的，如何使大型商业建筑的设计和结构与消防安全保持相互关系，是首先要考虑到的问题。
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Menentukan Penerima Beasiswa Menggunakan Metode AHP-TOPSIS
Authors: Amelia Diyona , Auliasari Karina , Primaswara Prasetya Renaldi
Published: March 2021

ITN Malang merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi yang memiliki program beasiswa bagi mahasiswanya. Salah satunya yaitu Beasiswa Peningkatan Prestasi Akademik atau biasa disingkat dengan PPA. Setiap tahun ITN diberi kuota jumlah mahasiswa yang akan menerima beasiswa PPA dari Direktorak Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan, Kemristekdikti, Kopertis Wilayah VII. Pelaksanaan program beasiswa ini ditangani oleh bidang kemahasiswaan sesuai dengan persyaratan dan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan oleh kemenristekdikti. Program ini biasanya diawali dengan adanya pengumuman disetiap prodi yang disertai dengan ketentuan dan persyaratan yang harus di patuhi dan dilengkapi. Proses penyeleksian sendiri biasaya dilakukan oleh tim yang memang telah dibentuk oleh pihak kemahasiswaan dan proses ini biasanya membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, karena ada banyak aspek yang dipertimbangkan, prosesnya juga masih dilakukan secara manual. dan mereka juga harus tau mana yang lebih diprioritaskan dari aspek-aspek tersebut. Dibutuhkan sesuah sistem untuk membantu proses seleksi penerima beasiswa Peningkatan Prestasi Akademik (PPA), pada penelitian ini sistem seleksi menerapkan metode AHP untuk penentuan bobot kriteria dan metode TOPSIS untuk proses perangkingan. Dari hasil pengujian sistem, proses seleksi menggunakan metode AHP-TOPSIS sudah sesuai dengan perhitungan manual, setelah dilakukan perbandingan dengan metode TOPSIS diperoleh nilai rata-rata  selisih sebesar 0.032138, dan urutan hasil perangkingan antara metode AHP-TOPSIS dan metode TOPSIS sama, dan didapatkan nilai akurasi dari perbandihan hasil seleksi sistem dengan hasil seleksi itn malang sebesar 82% .
DATA LOGGER INTENSITAS CAHAYA MATAHARI BERBASIS NODEMCU UNTUK MENENTUKAN LOKASI PENEMPATAN SOLAR CELL
Authors: Monika putri Hemanulisa , Dedy Irawan Joseph , Rudhistiar Deddy
Published: March 2021

Sinar Matahari merupakan sumber dari penerangan paling besar di dunia dan energinya sendiri tidak akan habis. Manfaat dari cahaya matahari belum banyak di gunakan oleh manusia, termasuk digunakan untuk menghasilkan energy listrik. Solar cell adalah perangkat yang dapat merubah energy matahari menjadi energi listrik yang ramah lingkungan meskipun, membutuhkan alat yang perlu dipasang dan apakah tempat untuk pemasangan alat ini sudah benar dapat menghasilkan energi listrik. Karena itu dibutuhkan alat monitoring dengan teknologi IoT yang sistemnya dapat memberikan informasi dari lokasi yang tepat untuk pemasangan perangkat solar cell, sehingga dapat memudahkan seseorang yang ingin memasang perangkat solar cell dirumah mereka. Data hasil dari monitoring dapat diakses dengan mudah melalui website dengan tampilan dalam bentuk grafik dan tabel. Hasil dari pengujian terhadap sensor ldr sendiri untuk mendeteksi intensitas cahaya matahari menggunakan 3 alat, setiap alat diletakan diarah mata angina yang berbeda untuk sensor A1 diletakan diarah timur, sensor A2 diletakan diarah selatan dan sensor A3 diletakan diarah barat.
MORTIMER J. ADLER E O MÉTODO DA LEITURA ANALÍTICA
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Bezerra de Castro
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o método da leitura analítica, conforme abordado pelo filósofo da educação Mortimer J. Adler (1902-2001) em Como ler livros: o guia clássico para a leitura inteligente (1972). Nessa obra, Mortimer Adler, juntamente com Charles Van Doren (1926-2019), elaborou um programa de leitura constituído de quatro níveis, sendo o coração desse projeto o terceiro nível, a saber, a “leitura analítica”, cujo arcabouço teórico é voltado para a compreensão e interpretação de livros de filosofia e ciências em geral. Com o estudo desse tema, objetivamos chamar atenção para a importância de uma filosofia da educação comprometida com diretrizes metodológicas direcionadas para a leitura de livros em nível acadêmico nas instituições de ensino médio e superior, pois imprescindível para combater um problema educacional fundamental: o alfabetismo funcional. Tendo como eixo argumentativo as noções de que o conhecimento humano não decorre de forma espontânea e de que a vida de estudos exige rigorosa disciplina intelectual, concluímos, após estudo minucioso do método da leitura analítica proposto por Adler, que o ensino de metodologias de leitura, se bem conduzido pelos filósofos da educação, constitui uma etapa essencial para a formação educacional e cultural em geral dos indivíduos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Ferreira Rafael dos Reis , Moraes João Antonio de , Souza Pedro Bravo de , Pantaleão Nathália Cristina Alves , Magalhães Marcelo Marconato , Tassinari Ricardo Pereira
Published: March 2021

A Kínesis – Revista de Estudos dos Pós-Graduandos em Filosofia apresenta para a comunidade acadêmica filosófica mais uma edição, o Volume 12, Número 33 (2020). Os artigos publicados são dos mais diversos temas e abordam questões relevantes para a pesquisa filosófica realizadas em reconhecidos Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil. Agradecemos mais uma vez aos pesquisadores que compõem o Conselho Científico da Kínesis e também aos pareceristas ad hoc pela colaboração e disponibilidade permanente para atender nossas solicitações de parecer. Agradecemos, por fim, aos pesquisadores por confiarem a submissão e publicação de suas pesquisas na Kínesis. Convidados nossos leitores para apreciarem mais este número.
Intellektuelle Anschauung und realer Verstandesgebrauch in Kants Inauguraldissertation
Authors: Pfeiffer Robert
Published: March 2021

I will reinterpret the term ‘real use of the understanding’ in the outcome of the suspension of intellectual intuition. Kant applied both terms for the first time in the inaugural dissertation. The ‘objects’ of this use of the understanding thus obtain a more critical meaning and are transformed from substances to functions. Nevertheless, there is still a decisive difference between the inaugural dissertation and the critique of pure reason. Kant shifted his perspective rather than his subject. The question concerning facts (quid facti) turns into the question concerning legal matters (quid iuris). However, ‘noumena’ are no substances which exist independently of consciousness in the inaugural dissertation. Therefore, they must retain a critical meaning even after the Copernican turn. This essay aims to highlight this critical meaning by focusing on the reflective figure of intellectual intuition in the inaugural dissertatio.
Design and Selection of The Face Shield Materials as a Self-Protective Tool in Preventing COVID-19 using The Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: L Pattiapon Marcy
Published: March 2021

The world has been shocked by the emergence of COVID-19 since December 2019 which is an acute respiratory disease caused by a corona virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or abbreviated as SARSCoV-2 (Gorbalenya et al., 2020). As of June 17, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that there were 8,061,550 people infected with COVID-19 and 440,290 people died (WHO,

2020a). Even though the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)  of  COVID-19  is  only around  5.46%, this disease is very dangerous because of its spread so fast it has infected 216 countries (Worldometer, 2020). To prevent uncontrolled spread, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 (WHO, 2020b) to increase awareness of this disease. The status of this pandemic is a concern for the world to make various   efforts   to   prevent   the   spread   of COVID-19. One way to protect yourself from spreading COVID-19 is to use Personal Protective Equipment. Face shield is a personal protective device that functions to protect the face from exposure to dangerous substances in the case of the spread of the Covid-19 virus. A good face shield is a face shield that has a high level of durability, has high material quality, has a sufficient level of elasticity, and the costs incurred are not too expensive.In choosing the best alternative in making a decision, the right method is needed so that the best alternative is obtained from various predetermined criteria.Then the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to select the best alternative material to be used in making the Face Shield.

Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be seen that each alternative has the advantage of the criteria felt by the respondent.However,  of  the  four  criteria  for

 

selecting the face shield material, the most superior  or  chosen  as  the  choice  is mica.Judging from the percentage of mica against the Durability criteria is 31.7%, the percentage of mica against the quality criteria is 43.1%.
Exploring the Relationship Between Locus of Control and Financial Behavior of Accounting Student from The Social Construction Theory Approach
Authors: Radianto Wirawan ED , Kristama Baswara Yua , Salim Ika Raharja
Published: March 2021

This research examines the effect of locus control on financial literacy, including financial attitude, financial behavior, and financial self-efficacy. This study used a survey method by sending a questionnaire to the respondent through an enumerator. This study uses a sample, namely students of the accounting study program in Surabaya, Indonesia. A total of 159 questionnaires were processed from distributing 250 questionnaires randomly. This study uses the Partial Least Square data analysis. The result shows that locus of control affects financial attitude, financial behavior, and financial self-efficacy. Financial behavior increases when the respondents show excellent financial knowledge behavior and believe that they can manage for their finances. This investigation confirms that locus of control affects financial behavior. Meaning the role of locus of control is very important to increase financial behavior. This study also found that locus of control can contribute to the theory of social construction. Moreover, social construction theory can predict how individuals act to improve their financial behavior.

 

Received: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020/ Published: 5 March 2021
Graphic Design for Children with Learning Disabilities Based on the Isaan Mural Painting
Authors: Plengdisakul Pakinee , Phothisane Souneth , Soodsang Nirat
Published: March 2021

The study of 'Graphic design for children with learning disabilities' is a study that delves into learning-disabled children in the Isaan region. The author used the survey to formulate a graphic and media design model to enhance LD children's learning. This paper is a qualitative study of the data retrieved from the literature review and field data. Target groups include experts, practitioners, and stakeholders. Research instruments are structured and non-structured interviews, observation forms, and tests. The collected data were then analyzed using the 'information processing theory,' 'structural-functional theory,' product design principle, and graphic design element principle. The paper presents the result using descriptive analysis. Based on the study, it was found that the cause for learning disabilities in children living in Isaan mostly concerns with environmental learning disabilities. The best period for children with learning disabilities to effectively receive help is during their early primary or elementary education. The types of learning disabilities that can be found in children in the Isaan region are mostly reading and writing disabilities. Further, it was also revealed that Nakhonratchasima Primary Education Service Area 2 has the highest rate of learning-disabled children in Isaan. Most of the children with learning disabilities did not receive proper care from their caretakers. To identifying children with learning disabilities, the author collaborated with the children's caretakers, schools, Special Education Bureau, and hospitals. Common classroom behaviors among these children are their inability to read and write; this includes difficulties in social interactions and activity participation. As for the learning materials, it is clear that the materials used did not correspond with their special needs due to their disabilities. It is clear that these children need materials made for individual use that does not require participation in front of the class or learning through multimedia. The discovery can be used as a guideline in formulating graphic design. The graphic design should make insignificant information less distinct while reinforcing the main contents with bold lines, complementary colors, page distance, pictures used in representing alphabets, and the adoption of fun and creative characters. As for the material design guideline, the media should focus on one story for individual use. Students should also learn through playing, repeated reading, writing practice, using materials repeatedly without being bored, and can memorize the lessons when participating in hands-on activities.

 

Received: 23 December 2020 / Accepted: 11 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
Remembering the Albanian Communism: The Creation of the Collective Memory Through the Lens of the Literature of Memory of the Albanian Catholic Clergy
Authors: Doçe Eljon , Halili Erenestina Gjergji
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to analyze the contribution that the literature of memory is giving in the process of constructing the collective memory about the Albanian communism. The main work, which is the central part of our research, is about Father Zef Pllumi’s book “Live only to tell” which is considered as a monument of the collective memory regarding the Albanian experience during communism. Also, this paper aims to analyze the contribution of other Albanian Catholic clergy had in facing the communist regime in Albania and the legacy they left in creating the Albanian collective memory. The method of research used is a textual analysis of the narration and the relation between fiction and history, between the general historical myth and the personal truth, which is a very interesting type of literature that is written like history but, at the same time, it feels like fiction. After the fall of communism in Albania, the Albanians, especially those who were subjected to this extreme violence and oppression, felt the need to share their experience in various ways. One way was through the literature of memory, which is an important element in the process of the creation of collective memory for a very disturbing past for every post-communist country.

 

Received: 3 November 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021
Real Exchange Rate and Manufacturing Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Asaleye Abiola John , Maimako Rotdelmwa Filibus , Inegbedion Henry , Lawal Adedoyin Isola , Ogundipe Adeyemi A.
Published: March 2021

The efficacy of currency devaluation to improve output in Nigeria is under debate, and coupled with an unsatisfactory result in the behaviour of the manufacturing sector performance regenerated interest of this study to investigate the impact of exchange rate on output and employment in the sector. The work uses Structural Vector Autoregression, ECM and Canonical Co-integrating Regression to examine the shock effect, short and long-run elasticities of exchange rate on the manufacturing performance. While employment and output are used as a proxy for manufacturing sector performance. The findings show that changes in the exchange rate are fairly elastic with output and employment both in short and long-run. However, changes in the exchange rate are insignificant with employment in the short run. The variance decomposition form the SVAR shows that forecast error shock of the exchange rate is more prolong on employment than output. Consequently, the result of the estimation of the Impulse Response Function from the Monte Carlos shows that one standard deviation of the exchange shock adversely affect employment. The outcome of the result indicates that the Nigerian exchange rate has not improved output and employment in the manufacturing sector. Several factors may be accounted for this, although, it may be due to cost-push inflationary pressure and unfavourable competitiveness. The study suggests the need to encourage long-term supply-side policies among others to improve the situation.

 

Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 January 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
Les budgets participatifs sont encore partisans. (Dé-)partisanisation des budgets participatifs parisiens (2014-2020)
Authors: Arhip-Paterson William
Published: March 2021

Les budgets participatifs semblent être devenus des instruments de gouvernance apartisans. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure les récents budgets participatifs parisiens sont partisans. Nos données proviennent d’une ethnographie, de ressources documentaires et d’une comparaison synchronique des budgets participatifs parisiens. Le budget participatif de Paris s’inscrit dans une offre politique partisane de gauche. Mais l’ensemble des maires d’arrondissement, même ceux de droite, développent des budgets participatifs d’arrondissement. L’influence partisane s’est décalée dans l’intensité du développement de ceux-ci. Nous concluons que ce n’est plus dans la réalisation ou non d’un budget participatif qu’il faut chercher son caractère partisan, mais dans d’autres indicateurs.
Rapport au système représentatif et soutien à la démocratie directe et délibérative. Analyse comparée des attitudes des élus nationaux en Europe
Authors: Close Caroline
Published: March 2021

Cet article examine les facteurs du soutien à deux types de dispositifs alternatifs à la démocratie représentative : les référendums et les assemblées délibératives, via une enquête menée auprès d’un peu plus de 900 parlementaires nationaux dans 14 pays européens (2009-2012). Les données révèlent au niveau agrégé un soutien moins marqué aux référendums qu’aux événements délibératifs. L’analyse statistique met en avant des facteurs explicatifs distincts du soutien à ces deux types de dispositifs, liés à l’affiliation partisane des parlementaires, mais aussi à leur évaluation du fonctionnement du système représentatif et de ses protagonistes.
Multilatéralisme et démocratie
Authors: Coppens Philippe
Published: March 2021

L’article analyse certaines difficultés que le droit économique international doit aujourd’hui tenter de surmonter s’il veut assurer sa pérennité. L’OMC a été fondée sur le multilatéralisme, sur l’idée selon laquelle les obstacles aux échanges économiques mondiaux et les litiges nés à l’occasion de ces échanges devaient recevoir des solutions globales sur lesquelles s’accordaient les Etats. La réalité des relations économiques internationales contemporaines donnent une toute autre image. Elle reflète la multiplicité des rapports de force entre les économies et entre les droits. La croissance économique étonnante de la Chine et de l’Inde depuis trois décennies ne cesse notamment de redéfinir les bases géostratégiques des échanges mondiaux. L’idée que des normes universelles puissent s’imposer dans des cultures qui réaffirment leurs différences se trouve fragilisée. Faut-il y voir aussi une réappropriation salutaire par les citoyens du débat démocratique sur les enjeux des nouveaux accords économiques internationaux ?
To Hunt or to Protect? Discourse-coalitions in the Polish Wolf Management
Authors: Niedzialkowski Krzysztof , Konopka Adam , Putkowska-Smoter Renata
Published: March 2021

After the political transformation in Poland in 1989, the management of the wolf (Canis lupus) became strongly debated. The discussions concerned the need to protect the wolf, methods of protection and actors to be involved. Increasing social pressure resulted in a series of legal changes leading to the full protection of the species in 1998. Using the concept of discourse coalitions, we distinguished two groups of actors, which argued for or against changes of wolf policy. We also investigated the story-lines regarding the wolf and its management to find out which of them was institutionalised through the state wolf policy. Engaging with the literature on discursive politics of wildlife conservation, we suggest that the discourse coalition supporting wolf conservation successfully challenged the dominant vision of wolves by creating a new counter-discourse and promoting it, which led to a bottom-up institutional change. The discourse coalition supporting the status quo lacked discursive power to protect existing institutions. Our results contribute to the literature on human-carnivore coexistence by exploring socio-cultural factors related to the major institutional change of carnivore policy and by building capacity to critically evaluate and transcend existing paradigms for a better human-carnivore coexistence.
Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males
Authors: Ashghali-Farahani Mansoureh , Khachian Alice , Vakilian Parya , Mahmoudi Mokhtar
Published: March 2021

Background:

Considering the importance of psychometric evaluation of the male sex hormone deficiency questionnaire by Iranian nurses, this study aimed to determine the translation and validation of the Iranian version of the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

This study was cross-sectional. After obtaining permission from the instrument maker, translating it into Farsi, retranslated it into English, and determining validity and reliability. The study population was 200 Iranian men who admitted to hospitals affiliated with Iran University of medical science and were older than 50 years and selected by convenience sampling method. They were evaluated and monitored based on the Iranian version of the ADAM questionnaire. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed and analyzed by Rock Chart analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests were used at a significant level of 0.05.

Results:

Findings showed that the Iranian version of the ADAM questionnaire had good face validity. Results showed that Cronbach's alpha in this questionnaire was 0.93, which indicates high reliability, and all the valid questionnaires were reported for the Scale-Content Validity Index (SCVI) calculation. Hence, the questionnaire has good content validity. The Iranian version of the ADAM questionnaire has a sensitivity of 93.85% and a specificity of 77.14% at the cut-off point of 2.2, indicating high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

The Iranian version of the ADAM questionnaire is valid and reliable and has high sensitivity and specificity. Nurses can also use it as an adjunctive scale to screen andropause men over 50 years of age.
Multiple Esophageal Duplication Cysts in a Toddler
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: March 2021

The foregut duplication cysts are rare congenital malformation and are usually “solitary” midline noncommunicating mediastinal structures. We present a 2-year-old asymptomatic boy having multiple noncommunicating foregut cysts in the neck as well as the thorax.
Airborne Infections and Emergency Surgery
Authors: Suresh Varun
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 which emerged in Wuhan, China has rapidly spread all over the globe and the World Health Organisation has declared it a pandemic. COVID-19 disease severity shows variation depending on demographic characteristics like age, history of chronic illnesses such as cardio-vascular/renal/respiratory disease; pregnancy; immune-suppression; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor medication use; NSAID use etc but the pattern of disease spread is uniform – human to human through contact, droplets and fomites. Up to 3.5% of health care workers treating COVID-19 contact an infection themselves with 14.8% of these infections severe and 0.3% fatal. The situation has spread panic even among health care professionals and the cry for safe patient care practices are resonated world-wide. Surgeons, anesthesiologists and intensivists who very frequently perform endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, non-invasive ventilation and manual ventilation before intubation are at a higher odds ratio of 6.6, 4.2, 3.1 and 2.8 respectively of contacting an infection themselves. Elective surgery is almost always deferred in fever/infection scenarios. A surgeon and an anesthesiologist can anytime encounter a situation where in a COVID-19 patient requires an emergency surgery. COVID-19 cases requiring surgery predispose anesthesiologists and surgeons to cross-infection threats. This paper discusses, the COVID-19 precautionary outlines which has to be followed in the operating room; personal protective strategies available at present; methods to raise psychological preparedness of medical professionals during a pandemic; conduct of anesthesia in COVID-19 cases/suspect cases; methods of decontamination after conducting a surgery for COVID-19 case in the operating room; and post-exposure prophylaxis for medical professionals.