bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology of the face: from what place does the face speak?
Authors: Kirsanova Lydia , Korotina Olga
Published: April 2022

В статье исследуется способность лица говорить, которая относится к доязыковой и сверхъязыковой реальности субъекта. Лицо формирует сообщение как для самого себя, так и для другого. Авторы задаются вопросом, из какого места говорит лицо, существуют ли органы лицеобразования, которые по преимуществу участвуют в формировании человечности. Авторы вводят понятие о «частичном объекте», отсылая к лакановскому психоанализу. «Частичный объект» (маленький) – нос, губы, веки, подбородок и другое может стать источником или очагом аффекта – удовольствия, желания, ненависти, ревности, агрессии и т.п. «Частичный объект» не может стать ядром единства, целостности, а только содержанием множественности, инфантильной, неустойчивой, инертной. Следует различать лицо как организм, который дан человеку от природы и который выражает начала рода, крови и почвы, и лицо индивидуализированное, в котором субъект настаивает на себе как на чем-то особенном. Авторы отмечают, что кинематограф внес решающий вклад в распознавание и понимание того, как говорит лицо; не что в лице содержится, а то, каким образом формируется сообщение. В кино реализуются такие стратегии лицеобразования, как крупный план, лицо-аффект, лицевой профиль, дивидуация лица. Приводятся ссылки на режиссерские работы Бонюэля, Бергмана, Довженко, Дзиги Вертова, Тарковского и др.
An evaluation of the determination of attitudes and behaviors of veterinarians from a deontological perspective: Aydın province
Authors: KOÇ Aysun , AYVAZOĞLU DEMİR Pınar
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes and behaviors of veterinarians registered in Aydın Chamber of Veterinarians in line with "deontological provisions". For this purpose, a questionnaire based on ethical issues was prepared according to a 5-point Likert scale. To the questions sent to 575 registered members of the Chamber and requested to be answered on a voluntary basis were responded by 82 participants. In the analysis of the data, the Cronbach alpha value was 0.80. In the factor analysis, it was determined that the questions were clustered in 3 factors (F1=wage, F2=professional attitude-behavior and F3=professional organizations). In the analysis, it was determined that the participants thought that veterinarians had negative attitudes about complying with the minimum wage specification, representing the profession and wearing work clothes during working hours (white coat, overalls, operation apron, etc.), professional defamation. On the other hand, it was determined that the participants thought that veterinarians had positive attitudes on issues such as serving according to their labor-price performance, empathizing with patients and their relatives, obeying the rules of prohibition of advertising, and respect for their professional experience. As a result, it was revealed that the concept of professional ethics should be given importance both in the education period and in-service training.
Experiences of Tibetan Refugees in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tso Lhamo , Shukla Meenakshi
Published: April 2022

This study explores the experiences of 70 Tibetan refugees in India (28 male, 42 female; mean age = 30.90 years; SD = 8.11) during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their stress, financial anxiety, perceived discrimination, dark future expectations, and resilience. Older, married, and working refugees experienced more problems but higher resilience. Female refugees reported more nervousness and stress than male refugees. Financial anxiety and dark future expectations predicted higher stress. Overall, the findings show low to moderate levels of mental health issues and high resilience among Tibetan refugees during the pandemic and highlight the importance of cultural beliefs and practices in maintaining good mental health and resilience.
Refugee-Led Organizations' Crisis Response during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gonzalez Benson Odessa , Routte Irene , Pimentel Walker Ana Paula , Yoshihama Mieko , Kelly Allison
Published: April 2022

Scholarship on disaster response and recovery has focused on local communities as crucial in developing and implementing timely, effective, and sustainable supports. Drawing from interviews with refugee leaders conducted during the spring and summer of 2020 at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines crisis response activities of refugee-led grassroots groups, specifically within Bhutanese and Congolese refugee communities in a midwestern metropolitan area in the US resettlement context. Empirical findings illustrate how refugee-led groups provided case management, outreach, programming, and advocacy efforts to respond to the pandemic. These findings align with literature about community-based and strengths-based approaches to addressing challenges stemming from the pandemic. They also point to local embeddedness and flexibility as organizational characteristics that may have helped facilitate crisis response, thereby warranting reconsideration and re-envisioning of the role of refugee-led grassroots groups in crisis response.
Celebrating 40 years: The Origins of Refuge
Authors: Adelman Howard
Published: April 2022

Editorial
Digital activism in students of a university in central Mexico in the COVID-19 era
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, Aguayo José Marcos Bustos , Valdes Jorge Hernandez ,   Department of Social Work, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, Lirios Cruz García
Published: April 2022

The exploration of the dimensions of digital activism was the aim of this work. The first and second non-experimental studies were carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 100 students, considering their affiliation with student organizations. A four-dimensional structure was set up; technological habitus, computational self-efficacy, diffusion of innovations, and Internet mobilization explained 48% of the total variance, although the design limited the results to the research scenario, suggesting the extension of the study and the inclusion of variables such as; training, socialization and intention to use the devices and networks.
Simulación dinámica de los beneficios de la aplicación de un mecanismo de coordinación en una cadena de suministros descentralizada de pequeños productores agrícolas
Authors: Paredes-Rodriguez Andres Mauricio , Rojas-Palacios Margy N. , Peña-Orozco Diego L.
Published: April 2022

Los contratos de respaldo son acuerdos que se establecen entre proveedor y comprador con el fin de regular la compra de un bien o servicio. El contrato constituye un inventario de respaldo para la orden de compra final y fortalece la relación comercial entre comprador y vendedor. El contrato actúa como mecanismo de coordinación en el cual se contemplan parámetros como precio, cantidad, calidad y tiempo, con el objetivo de mejorar la integración y coordinación de los flujos de recurso, dinero e información en la cadena de abastecimiento. Por otro lado, en una cadena de suministro descentralizada, los pequeños productores representan el eslabón de menor margen de ganancias generados a partir de una actividad económica, por lo que, en este artículo se estudia el desempeño de los ingresos de los pequeños productores una vez implementado el contrato de respaldo, en el caso de estudio de una cadena de abastecimiento descentralizada de tres eslabones de pequeños productores agrícolas ubicada en el Centro del Valle del Cauca. Para su análisis se utiliza la dinámica de sistemas, identificando las variables que afectan el desempeño de los ingresos de los pequeños productores en la cadena descentralizada, se elabora un diagrama causal, posteriormente se realiza dos diagramas de Forrester que representan el primer escenario (Cadena de abastecimiento sin contrato de respaldo) y el segundo escenario (Implementación del contrato de respaldo). Finalmente se simula con ayuda del software Vensim, se realiza la interpretación de resultados y se concluye sobre el desempeño futuro de la cadena.
Necesidades en salud sexual y salud reproductiva: perspectivas de la población migrante venezolana en cuatro ciudades fronterizas
Authors: Calderón Jaramillo Mariana , Murad Rocio , Acevedo Guerrero Natalia , Forero Luz Janeth , Rivillas Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

Durante los procesos migratorios, las personas enfrentan necesidades en salud sexual y salud reproductiva. Esta investigación buscó entender estas necesidades desde la identificación del grado de implementación del Paquete Inicial Mínimo (PIMS) de servicios en salud reproductiva en situaciones de crisis en cuatro ciudades de la frontera colombo-venezolana. Se realizaron grupos focales a hombres y mujeres entre los 14 y los 49 años que fueran población migrante venezolana en Arauca, Cúcuta, Riohacha y Valledupar con el fin de identificar sus percepciones respecto a sus necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva. Es así como se identificaron necesidades en anticoncepción, acceso al aborto seguro y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual; adicionalmente, las mujeres señalaron necesidades relacionadas con la lactancia, el cuidado menstrual y la atención del parto. Se evidenció que existen barreras de acceso a estos servicios generadas por los costos de la atención, la desinformación, y la discriminación. También se identificaron violencias y xenofobia por parte del personal prestador de servicios de salud. Como conclusión se plantea que garantizar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las personas migrantes venezolanas en Colombia es una tarea urgente.
Producciones subjetivas emergentes en la experiencia de la sexualidad en Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres de la ciudad Cali: familia y estigma.
Authors: Reyes Sevillano Wilmar Hernán , Pérez Arizabaleta María Del Mar , Orejuela Gomez Johnny , Moncayo Quevedo Jorge Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Las cifras sobre el VIH exponen la ralentización de las nuevas infecciones. No obstante, pese a lo anterior, este virus continúa siendo una alarma de salud pública a nivel mundial. Por esta razón, ONUSIDA, bajo la estrategia 2016-2021, concentra acciones para la población vulnerable al VIH, tal como los hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres (HSH). Interesados en conocer sobre las prácticas sexuales de este tipo de población, el presente artículo plantea como objetivo describir las producciones subjetivas asociadas a la experiencia de la sexualidad en HSH de la ciudad Cali, considerando el papel de la familia y el estigma[1]. Esto por medio de un estudio cualitativo, en el cual se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad a una muestra de 12 Hombres que tienen sexo con Hombres en la ciudad de Cali. Como resultados se exponen que: la noticia sobre la orientación sexual produce una división subjetiva en los miembros de la familia, cuya manifestación emocional oscila entre la tristeza, la desilusión, la frustración y enojo, esto en la medida en que se considera que la decisión cuestiona las pautas de crianza y los discursos asumidos como legítimos. Una vez se supera el malestar subjetivo y el duelo que le asiste, los familiares quedan frente a dos caminos posibles de acción: la aceptación que redunda en apoyo, protección y acompañamiento, o la violencia simbólica o directa anudada a los estigmas y el rechazo. Las respuestas de los familiares organizan la acción de los sujetos puesto que producen posicionamientos subjetivos. No obstante, dado que discursos y prácticas no siempre coinciden, tanto las conductas de riesgo, como las de autocuidado están sujetas al significado dado a la experiencia.
 
[1]  El presente articulo representa un avance de la investigación titulada “Sentidos construidos alrededor del uso del condón en relación con el VIH en población clave: mujeres transgénero y hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en las ciudades de Cali y Medellín”, adscrita a Minciencias por medio de la convocatoria 807-2018.
El surgimiento de una interespecie: efectos de la reclusión carcelaria en El apando, de José Revueltas
Authors: Ríos Baeza Felipe Adrián
Published: April 2022

Este artículo cuestiona la premisa de cierta parte de la crítica que considera a El apando (1969), del escritor mexicano José Revueltas, únicamente como una novela política, testimonio de su propia experiencia carcelaria. A partir de un enfoque que convoca nociones de la fenomenología, la deconstrucción y la crítica ideológica, el artículo analiza cómo el tópico de la reclusión tiene un uso retórico particular, que desestabiliza el discurso autobiográfico dentro del esquema narrativo de la novela. Se evidencia que la reclusión es el eje de las problemáticas funcionales y de la inestabilidad de las identidades en El apando.
Identificación de candida en cavidad bucal de pacientes con diabétes y vih/sida
Authors: Mosquera Cardenas Helen Jose
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La Cándida es un microorganismo invasivo que pasa a ser patógeno cuando hay una alteración en el equilibrio de la flora o en la debilitación del huésped. Puede llegar a generar infecciones importantes ya sea en personas sanas e inmunodeficientes.
Objetivo: caracterizar Cándida en dos condiciones patológicas diferentes como lo son la diabetes, Virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida (VIH) y en el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA).
Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática según el protocolo basado en la lista de comprobación de la declaración PRISMA  utilizando las bases de datos: Clinical Key®, Medline®, PubMed®, Scielo® y  revistas indexadas.
Resultados: La enfermedad en la cual hubo mayor prevalencia de infecciones por Cándida fue el VIH/SIDA, el tipo de Cándida que se encontró fue la C. albicans, el tipo de candidiasis que se presentó con mayor frecuencia en individuos con VIH/SIDA fue la Pseudomembranosa y Eritematosa. El tipo de diabetes más común fue la diabetes mellitus tipo II, el tipo de Cándida más común fue la C.albicans, la C. glabrata, C. tropicalis y la C.krusey el tipo de candidiasis que prevaleció fue la eritematosa.
Conclusión: Podemos concluir quea C. albicans se encuentra con mayor predominio entre las enfermedades orales en paciente inmunocomprometidos y con VIH/SIDA, por la susceptibilidad del organismo a ciertas infecciones.
Possibility of using a cognitive approach to directive speech acts: case of study of English and Arabic academic discourses
Authors: Alhaded Hashem Hani Shehadeh , Shavtikova Aurika , Merai Mariam
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and degree of use of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The article provides an overview of modern theoretical research in the field of speech acts, and also substantiates the use of a cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The subject of this article is the functioning of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The object is the study of directive speech acts on the example of English and Arabic academic discourses using a cognitive approach. Descriptive, contextual, comparative-historical methods are used as the main research methods. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The study of ways to prevent these communication failures is an important component in building global interaction between communication participants both in linguistics and in the world as a whole. Therefore, the relevance of the study of the use of the cognitive approach lies in the need of society to build adequate interaction at various levels. As a result of the conducted research, it is proved that the use of a cognitive approach in the analysis of directive speech acts helps to reduce the number of communicative failures of representatives of the English-speaking and Arabic-speaking academic discourses. The research materials can be used in universities of the humanities in the study of special courses in comparative linguistics and intercultural communication, as well as the data obtained can be applied in the process of educational and methodological activities in the creation of specialized textbooks.
Diagnóstico participativo de la cadena de valor del destino: el caso del turismo comunitario del Agroparque Los Soches
Authors:   Politécnico Internacional (Colombia), Padilla Murcia Esperanza , Murillo Franco Hellen Rocío ,   Politécnico Internacional (Colombia)
Published: April 2022

The objective of this research was to contribute toward the community tourism of the Ag‑ roparque Los Soches (APS) in Bogotá, Colombia through a participatory diagnosis. For this, the qualitative‑ ‑descriptive‑interpretive case study was used as a research method. The data of the study was collected, mainly, through an interview relating to the tourist value chain of the destination. As a result, the current state of community tourism in Agroparque Los Soches was obtained, as well as the identification of its problems, the construct of participation in action strategies, as well as their prioritisation. By way of main conclusions, it was observed how, through participatory diagnosis, the community became involved and took responsibility for the APS problems, and strengthened their collective management organisation by turning these needs into a pertinent action strategy, which allowed them to improve in the community tourism sector
Género y exotismo en la representación turística: las casas/tiendas en Zinacantán, Chiapas
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Bayona Escat Eugenia
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the exotic and idealizsd images of indigenous women in tourism. In particu‑ lar, it reflects on the role of gender in the construct of imaginaries and the representation of femininity asso‑ ciated with the traditional roles of women in the private and domestic sphere. To this end, the author inves‑ tigates the tourism scenario in the houses/shops of the municipality of Zinacantán, in Los Altos de Chiapas, Mexico, and the criteria of authenticity as deployed in tourism promotion. The paper aims to investigate this view of female exoticism that affects the way these women redefine themselves through the staging of their bodies and their traditional roles. It concludes that this image of exoticism reproduces a colonial gaze and perpetuates patriarchal power relations and ideologies.
The ABCs of Racial Disparity
Authors:   Southern Methodist University, M Pamela R. , Meeks Kristin , Smiegocki Victoria , Brown Kenitra
Published: April 2022

Data show that Black and White people use marijuana at roughly equal rates. Yet in 2018, in six of Dallas County's biggest cities, Black people were vastly overrepresented in the enforcement of low-level drug crimes. With a look at enforcement trends before the election of District Attorney John Creuzot, this study launches a series of reports about how his reforms have impacted Dallas County.
Comparison between orthodontist, general dentist, and layperson in the perception of pink esthetics on smile: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Nivedita , Kannan Sridhar , Arora Nitin , Singh Ashish Kumar , Malhotra Abhita , Batra Panchali
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Smile designing has become an essential part of dental training and a beautiful smile not only adds to the esthetics of the face but also conveys emotions and augments the self-esteem of an individual. A beautiful smile is achieved by well-balanced pink and white esthetics. This study was designed to evaluate the difference in perceptions of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons to alterations in gingival characteristics on smile.

Material and Methods:

Smile images were modified intentionally to obtain the desired variations in gingival features such as color and contour of free gingival margins, inflammation, pigmentation, gingival margins with or without recession, zenith, and interdental papilla. A total of 51 images were rated by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons using Q sort methodology.

Results:

Variations in the position of free gingival margin with recession was most negatively ranked gingival factor by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons followed by variations in the position of interdental papilla. Position of free gingival margin without a recession, color changes due to pigmentation, and inflammation were moderately ranked. Control images and altered gingival zenith images were most positively ranked. Bilateral changes were perceived more readily compared to unilateral in factors such as a black triangle, zenith position, pigmentation, inflammation, and recession.

Conclusion:

Orthodontists seem to be less tolerant in their evaluations in comparison to general dentists and laypersons. The findings of this study point toward a crucial fact that smile designing should focus on parameters that are perceived readily by the public in general.
Barriers to utilization of an eye care facility in a rural community in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Ezeh Roseline Nkeiruka , Ajewole Jeff , Nkanga Dennis
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to describe the barriers to the utilization of eye care services in a rural community in South-South Nigeria.

Material and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study using a multistage sampling technique was conducted. The main outcome measure was self-reported previous consultation of the eye clinic at the community’s Comprehensive Health Centre (CHC) for eye care.

Results:

The study sample included 200 participants. Only 40 (24.1%) respondents had previously consulted at the eye clinic at the CHC in search of eye care. The principal barriers to eye care services utilization were “Ignorance of the existence 53 (47.3%) and schedule” 37 (33.0%) of the eye clinic at the CHC, and “No felt need” 26 (23.2%).

Conclusion:

Despite the high prevalence of ocular disorders among the study participants, the utilization of available eye care services was markedly low. The common barriers cited were “Ignorance of the existence and schedule of the eye facility in the community. Improved strategies to improve uptake of services is required.”
Ophthalmic findings in HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Ibanga Affiong Andem , Okonkwo Sunday Nnamdi , Agweye Chineze Thelma , Nkanga Dennis George , Etokidem Ani Jumbo
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Out of the 38.0 million (30.2–45.0 million) with HIV/AIDS globally, about 35.9 million (28.9–43.0) adults live in sub-Saharan Africa. Ocular findings in HIV/AIDS are a cause of morbidity, visual impairment, and blindness and differ in different environments. This study aimed to investigate the pattern and prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Calabar, Nigeria.

Material and Methods:

This study investigated ocular findings among patients attending the HIV/AIDS Special Treatment Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, a total of 440 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were recruited into the study.

Results:

There were 166 (37.73%) male and 274 (62.27%) female respondents, indicating a female preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. The modal age group was 26–35 and formed 40.4% of study population while 415 (94.30%) of the study population were 55 years old or less. While 316 (72.00%) of the respondents had some ocular morbidity, 136 (30.91%) were HIV/AIDS related. A total of 155 respondents (35.20%) had ocular symptoms. No person was blind, while 154 respondents (35.00%) were visually impaired. HIV/AIDS-related findings were retinal microangiopathy in 60 respondents (13.60%), conjunctival microvasculopathy in 30 (6.80%) respondents, hypertrichosis in 22 (5.00%) respondents, dry eye syndrome in 17 (3.90%) respondents, anterior uveitis in 17 (3.90%) respondents, presumed squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in 7 (1.60%) respondents, facial nerve palsy in 5 (1.14%) respondents, and Kaposi sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva was in 4 (0.91%) respondents. There was increased ocular involvement among those respondents with lower CD4+ counts (P< 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS can occur in the presence of normal vision and are a cause of avoidable uniocular vision loss. Non-HIV/AIDS-related ophthalmic morbidity also occurs in patients with HIV/ AIDS. These facts justify targeted scheduled ophthalmic screening. Ophthalmologists need to recognize and manage the varying patterns and sometimes location specific signs and symptoms.
Update and understanding of optical biometer
Authors: Shah Twinkle D. , Shah Rupal T. , Shah Abhishek T. , Ranpara Kaushambi H.
Published: April 2022

With advances in technology that allow for more accurate measurement of ocular biometric characteristics and the availability of sophisticated methods for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power, cataract surgery has evolved into a refractive operation. Patient expectations have been raised as a result of this, as well as free and simple access to information about the latest technology. After cataract surgery, there is a greater demand than ever for life without spectacles. Newer advances in optical biometry, such as swept-source optical coherence tomography, combined with the availability of highly accurate IOL power calculation formulae, including artificial intelligence-based formulae, have the potential to enable surgeons to achieve near-perfect outcomes in the majority of their patients. Understanding the benefits and limitations of currently available cutting-edge technologies and equations and applying them to the cataract surgical practice is required to hit the bull’s eye in terms of goal refraction.
Artificial intelligence in cataract: What’s new?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Rehman Obaidur , Venkatraman Vatsalya , Bhattacharjee Harsha
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological advancement that provides thinking and processing capacity to machines. It is a complex technology with multiple algorithms and formulas. AI has transformed the face of several industries, including the healthcare sector. Ophthalmology being a highly technology-driven branch of healthcare can benefit vastly from the application of AI. Newer technologies are cropping up with each passing day to enhance our diagnostic and management modalities. From huge machines, now, AI has even come down to applications on the small screen of smartphones. Through this study, we summarise the various AI-driven developments in the world of cataract that have occurred in the past 3 years. Ranging from cataract detection, cataract grading, IOL power calculation, to acting as an aid in the surgical arena, this study intends to cover all recent AI-based innovations and advancements.
A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by multiple cerebral aneurysms due to segmental arterial mediolysis
Authors: Tokuda Takaho , Tajiri Seiji , Ueda Yutaka , Ohmori Yuki , Mukasa Akitake
Published: April 2022

Background:

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a condition in which an aneurysm is formed by causing lysis of the media and remodeling of blood vessels. Short-term recurrence has been reported in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cerebral aneurysms have been suggested to form in a short period not only in the abdominal cavity but also in the intracranial arteries in SAM.

Case Description:

A 36-year-old pregnant woman at 35 weeks’ gestation developed sudden headache and disorientation. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed a small amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right ambient cistern. A fusiform cerebral aneurysm was found in the periphery of the right superior cerebellar artery, and small saccular aneurysms were found in the periphery of the right posterior cerebral artery and left posterior inferior cerebral artery. After delivery of the fetus, endovascular embolization of the ruptured aneurysm was performed. However, 10-week postoperatively, she developed sudden headache. Hemorrhage was found in the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) peripheral aneurysm and disappearance of the right posterior cerebral artery peripheral aneurysm were confirmed. A ruptured aneurysm in the peripheral left PICA was removed after trapping. Intraoperatively, an unruptured thrombosed aneurysm that was not visualized by imaging was also removed. Histopathological examination showed no calcification or inflammation, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, and lack of segmentation, and SAM was diagnosed.

Conclusion:

In atypical dissecting aneurysms, SAM should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Systemic examination and short-term follow-up are also necessary.
Pragmatizm’in “Ne”liği: Anlaşılması Zor “laştırılmış” Bir Felsefe
Authors: Arslan Fatih
Published: April 2022

Pragmatizm, 19. Yüzyılda Charles Pierce öncülüğünde ortaya çıkan bir felsefe geleneğidir. Pragmatizm, ortaya çıkışından itibaren ABD bilim dünyasının içerisinde bulunduğu çatışma ortamını sonlandırmak suretiyle bilimsel faaliyetlere hız kazandırmayı amaçlamıştır. Ortaya çıkışından kısa bir süre içerisinde ciddi bir taraftar kitlesi kazanan pragmatizm çok geçmeden ABD’yi aşarak Avrupa’ya ulaşmıştır. Fakat pragmatizm, Avrupa’da yeterince taraftar toplayamamıştır. Bunun başlıca nedenleri arasında pragmatizmin Avrupa’ya faydacılık olarak sirayet etmesidir. Bu durumun nedeni ise döneminde Avrupa’da etkili olan bilim insanlarının pragmatizm tasavvurlarından ileri gelmektedir. Bu isimlerden pragmatizmi eleştiren kişiler, Emile Durkheim ve Max Horkheimer’dır. Başlarda pragmatizm taraftarı olmasına rağmen daha sonra nihilizmi tercih eden Giovanni Papini ise İtalya’da bir süre pragmatizmin temsilciliğini yapmıştır. Bir diğer unsur ise Avrupa’da halihazırda büyük felsefe geleneklerinin olmasıdır. Keza bu geleneklerin temsilcilerinin pragmatizmi, faydacılık olarak Avrupa’ya aktarması sonucunda ise pragmatizm, sıklıkla fırsatçılık, hazcılık ve faydacılık ile özdeşleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bahsi geçen isimlerin pragmatizm tasavvurları gösterilmek suretiyle pragmatizmin “ne”liği üzerinde durulmuştur. Karmaşaya yol açan “useful” kelimesinin kullanımının yerine ise “adaptif” kelimesi önerilerek pragmatizmin, epistemolojik, etik, metafizik görüşleri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Zeolite Microcrystals as Hosts for Supramolecular Organization of Dye Molecules
Authors: Calzaferri Gion
Published: April 2022

Zeolite microcrystals can act as host for supramolecular organization of molecules, complexes, clusters, and quantum-size particles. They allow the design of precise and reversible functionalities. Techniques for arranging zeolite microcrystals of good quality and narrow size distribution
as dense monograin layers on different substrates can be used to realize specific properties. The chemical reactivity between the intercalated molecules offers possibilities for in situ synthesis of molecular chains, clusters, and quantum-size particles, which might not be accessible
otherwise. In some cases, guest-host reactivity must be considered. The reactivity of intercalated compounds with (small) molecules penetrating from the outside is an option for changing the composition of a material, i.e., molecules intercalated as monomers in a first step can be linked
to form chains. New electronic structures are accessible either by specific geometrical arrangements made possible by the structure of the host and/or by explicitly involving its electronic properties. Some systems meet the conditions necessary for the occurrence of intrazeolite charge transport
(ionic and electronic), realized by the guests in their ground state and in electronically excited states under high-vacuum conditions or in the presence of a solvent, depending on the composition and the structure of the material. In this article, we focus on organic dye molecules in the
one-dimensional channels of zeolites with a hexagonal framework. This system consists of supramolecularly organized dye molecules. It is shown to provide fascinating possibilities for building an artificial antenna device which consists of highly concentrated monomeric dye molecules of up
to 0.4M with a large Förster energy-transfer radius and a high luminescence quantum yield in an ideal geometrical arrangement of optimal size. Extremely fast electronic excitation-energy transport has been demonstrated by us in oxonine- and pyronine-dye-loaded zeolite L microcrystals.
Many other highly organized dye-zeolite materials can be prepared, and they are expected to show a wide variety of challenging properties. We report on methods to distinguish between dye molecules which are inside of a microcrystal and those adsorbed on its outer surface, and we explain a
demonstration experiment illustrating the intercalation of thionine into zeolite L and the thus resulting improved chemical stability of this dye.
Supramolecular Approaches to Advanced Materials
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: April 2022

Synthetic strategies based upon metal-directed self-assembly or upon the post-functionalization of dendritic and related systems have been used for the preparation of new nanodimensioned metal-containing species. These and related studies on the design of metallomesogens are reported
in this paper.
Ferrocene- and Fullerene[60]- Containing Liquid-Crystalline Materials
Authors: Chuard Thierry , Deschenaux Robert
Published: April 2022

This paper shows the versatility of ferrocene and fullerene for the design of thermotropic liquid-crystalline materials: i) the electrochemical properties of the ferrocene-ferrocenium system were exploited to design redox-active metallomesogens (1 and 2); ii) ferrocene-containing side-chain liquid-crystalline polysiloxane (3) and polymethacrylates (5 and 6) were synthesized by grafting a mesomorphic vinylferrocene monomer (4) onto commercially available polysiloxane and by free-radical polymerization of mesomorphic methacrylate-ferrocene monomers (7 and 8), respectively; iii) a first-generation ferrocene-containing liquid-crystalline dendrimer (9) was synthesized; and iv) liquid-crystalline fullerene (10) and mixed fullerene-ferrocene (11) derivatives were obtained by functionalizing the C60 core with a twin cholesterol moiety.
Lanthanide Metal Ions as Cornerstones in Functional Self-Assembled Supramolecular Complexes
Authors: Piguet Claude , Bünzli Jean-Claude G.
Published: April 2022

The peculiar spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties of lanthanide ions (4f block, LnIII) are particularly attractive for the design of functional supramolecular devices if these ions can be selectively introduced into organized self-assembled architectures. The systematic investigation of a complete library of tridentate receptors leading to nine-coordinate tricapped trigonal prismatic sites upon coordination to LnIII allows the elucidation of the factors governing the structural, thermodynamic, electronic, magnetic, and spectroscopic properties of the final complexes. The simultaneous use of LnIII as cement between the molecular components of the supramolecular edifices and as functional vectors of the devices has been realized in self-assembled poly nuclear d-f and f-f complexes. Predetermined properties may result from a judicious molecular programming of the nanometric architecture leading to fascinating applications in luminescence, magnetism, template syntheses, and liquid crystals.
Approximation and Difference in Description Logics
Authors:   LuFG Theoretische Informatik, RWTH Aachen, Brandt Sebastian , Küsters Ralf ,   Institut für Informatik und Praktische Mathematik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Turhan Anni-Yasmin ,   LuFG Theoretische Informatik, RWTH Aachen
Published: April 2022

Approximation is a new inference service in Description Logics first mentioned by Baader, Küsters, and Molitor. Approximating a concept, defined in one Description Logic, means to translate this concept to another concept, defined in a second typically less expressive Description Logic, such that both concepts are as closely related as possible with respect to subsumption. The present paper provides the first in-depth investigation of this inference task. We prove that approximations from the Description Logic ALC to ALE always exist and propose an algorithm computing them. As a measure for the accuracy of the approximation, we introduce a syntax-oriented difference operator, which yields a concept description that contains all aspects of the approximated concept that are not present in the approximation. It is also argued that a purely semantical difference operator, as introduced by Teege, is less suited for this purpose. Finally, for the logics under consideration, we propose an algorithm computing the difference.
Water oxidation by a dye-catalyst diad in natural sunlight: timing and coordination of excitations and reactions across timescales of picoseconds to hours
Authors: Massad Ramzi , Cheshire Thomas , Fan Chenqi , Houle Frances
Published: April 2022

The mechanisms of how dyes and catalysts for solar-driven transformations such as water oxidation to form O2 work have been intensively investigated, however little is known about how their independent photophysical and chemical processes work together. The level of coordination between the dye and the catalyst in time determines the overall water oxidation system’s efficiency. In this computational stochastic kinetics study, we have examined coordination and timing for a Ru-based dye-catalyst diad, [P2Ru(4-mebpy-4′-bimpy)Ru(tpy)(OH2)]4+, where P2 is 4,4′-bisphosphonato-2,2′-bipyridine, 4-mebpy-4′-bimpy is 4-(methylbipyridin-4′-yl)-N-benzimid-N′-pyridine, a bridging ligand, and tpy is 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine), taking advantage of the extensive data available for both dye and catalyst, and direct studies of the diads bound to a semiconductor surface. The simulation results for both ensembles of diads and single diads show that progress through the generally accepted water oxidation catalytic cycle is not controlled by the relatively low flux of solar irradiation or by charge or excitation losses, rather is gated by buildup of intermediates whose chemical reactions are not accelerated by photoexcitations. The stochastics of these thermal reactions govern the level of coordination between the dye and the catalyst. This suggests that catalytic efficiency can be improved in these multiphoton catalytic cycles by providing a means for photostimulation of all intermediates so that the catalytic rate is governed by charge injection under solar illumination alone.
A 3D Printer in the lab: not only a toy
Authors: saggiomo vittorio
Published: April 2022

Although 3D printers are becoming more common in households, they are still underrepresented in many laboratories worldwide and regarded as toys rather than as laboratory equipment. This short review wants to change this conservative point of view. This mini-review focuses on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printers and what happens after acquiring your first 3D printer. In short, these printers melt plastic filament and deposit it layer by layer to create the final object. They are getting cheaper and easier to use, and nowadays it is not difficult to find good 3D printers for less than 500€. At such a price, a 3D printer is one, if not the most, versatile piece of equipment you can have in a laboratory.
Water Structure in the Electrical Double Layer and the Contributions to the Total Interfacial Potential at Different Surface Charge Densities
Authors: Rehl Benjamin , Ma Emily , Parshotam Shyam , DeWalt-Kerian Emma L. , Liu Tianli , Geiger Franz M. , Gibbs Julianne M.
Published: April 2022

The electric double layer governs the processes of all charged surfaces in aqueous solutions, however elucidating the structure of the water molecules is challenging for even the most advanced spectroscopic techniques. Here, we present the individual Stern layer and diffuse layer OH stretching spectra at the silica/water interface in the presence of NaCl over a wide pH range using a combination of vibrational sum frequency generation and heterodyned second harmonic generation techniques and streaming potential measurements. We find that the Stern layer water molecules and diffuse layer water molecules respond differently to pH changes: unlike the diffuse layer, whose water molecules remain net-oriented in one direction, water molecules in the Stern layer flip their net orientation as the solution pH is reduced from basic to acidic. We obtain an experimental estimate of the non-Gouy-Chapman (Stern) potential contribution to the total potential drop across the insulator/electrolyte interface and discuss it in the context of dipolar, quadrupolar, and cross-term potential contributions. We quantify how these contributions result in a considerable influence on the vibrational lineshapes. Our findings show that a purely Gouy-Chapman (Stern) view is insufficient to accurately describe the electrical double layer of aqueous interfaces.
IUPAC Specification for the FAIR Management of Spectroscopic Data in Chemistry (IUPAC FAIRSpec) - Guiding Principles
Authors: Hanson Robert , Jeannerat Damien , Archibald Mark , Bruno Ian , Chalk Stuart , Davies Antony , Lancashire Robert , Lang Jeffrey , Rzepa Henry
Published: April 2022

A set of guiding principles for the development of a standard for FAIR management of spectroscopic data are outlined and discussed. The principles form the basis for future recommendations of IUPAC Project 2019-031-1-024 specifying a detailed data model and metadata schema for describing the contents of an "IUPAC FAIRData Collection" and the organization of digital objects within that collection. Foremost among the recommendations will be a specification for an "IUPAC FAIRData Finding Aid" that describes the collection in such a way as to optimize the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of its contents. Results of an analysis of data provided by an American Chemical Society Publications pilot study are discussed in relation to potential workflows that might be used in implementing the "IUPAC FAIRSpec" standard based on these principles.
Fluorescence-based Measurement of the Lewis Acidities of Lanthanide Triflates in Solution
Authors: Demay-Drouhard Paul , Gaffen Joshua , Caputo Christopher , Baumgartner Thomas
Published: April 2022

Despite the prominence of rare earth complexes to act as Lewis-acid catalysts in organic synthesis, the comprehensive measure of the Lewis-acid strength of such compounds has yet to be performed due to incompatibilities with existing methods. We report our results in measurement of a sequence of lanthanide triflates via our recently established Fluorescent Lewis adduct (FLA) method. The persistence in solution of these Lewis acids as solvated coordination complexes is accurately measurable by the FLA method. However, several of the RE species exhibit fluorescence quenching, which may potentially inhibit the measurement. Nevertheless, meaningful FLA measurements were still able and the results correspond to both periodic trends and were even consistent with previous correlated reported data
Diseño de un sistema de control de tráiler autónomo
Authors: Medina Medina Wilder
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo define un diseño de control que consiste en integrar dos técnicas: una lineal LQR y una red neurodifusa, de tal manera que este sistema híbrido brinde un rango de trabajo amplio para que el tráiler siga cualquier trayectoria en direcciones de avance y retroceso simulando las reales condiciones de una conducción humana. Se propone también el seguimiento de cualquier trayectoria mediante el diseño de un método general para calcular los valores deseados de los estados del sistema, de tal manera que, con solo definir una función matemática de la ruta que se va a seguir, se conozcan los valores para el control del robot tipo tráiler. Se lograron resultados favorables del sistema aplicándolo en un ambiente controlado.
Proyección climática para el periodo 2006-2075 para el valle de Jauja, simulada por la intercomparación de modelos acoplados CSIRO Mk 3.0, MIROC-ESM y CNRM de fase 5 (CMIP5)
Authors: García López Yvan , Bedón Monzón Héctor , Durán Gómez Moisés
Published: April 2022

Se evaluaron los datos climáticos para el valle de Jauja, región Junín, sierra central del Perú para el siglo xxi, como lo simulan los modelos climáticos utilizados en la fase 5 por la intercomparación de modelos acoplados (CMP5). Los modelos utilizados fueron tres: CSIRO Mk 3.6, MIROC-ESM y CNRM-CM5, respectivamente, a una resolución espacial de 1,875 × 1,86°, 2,81 × 1,87° y 1,41 × 1,40°, construidos con data meteorológica observada en el valle de Jauja durante el periodo 1975-2005, empleando el escenario RCP2.6 y 8.5 del IPCC. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proporcionar proyecciones climáticas locales para esta área, generando una primera base de datos climáticos futura de la región, como herramienta de toma de decisiones por parte de agricultores y otros usuarios de la cuenca. Las proyecciones climáticas muestran un calentamiento significativo desde 2,0 grados de temperatura para el escenario RCP2.6 hasta 3,5 grados de temperatura para el escenario RCP8.5, esperado en toda el área evaluada del valle de Jauja para los próximos cincuenta años, junto con una disminución de la precipitación. Las proyecciones de precipitación dependen de la resolución horizontal, lo que sugiere la necesidad de simulaciones adicionales con una resolución más alta, especialmente para una representación adecuada de eventos climáticos extremos.
Lattices of ideals in graph algebras: refining the join operation
Authors:   , McDougall Phoebe
Published: April 2022

We consider the ideal structure of Leavitt path algebras of graphs that satisfy Condition (K) over commutative rings with identity. The approach we use takes advantage of the relationship between Leavitt path algebras and Steinberg algebras of boundary path groupoids. We establish a lattice $\mathcal{F}'$ consisting of particular maps $\tau:E^0\to \LR$ and show that this lattice is isomorphic to the lattice of ideals of $L_R(E)$. The advantage to our approach over previous lattice isomorphisms, even in the case that $R$ is a field, is that we obtain convenient join and meet operations in $\mathcal{F}'$. Lastly, we provide three concrete examples.
The Enlightenment and Impact of Western Culture in Brand Design on the Cultural and Creative Industry
Authors: Lin Yi , Zhou Jing
Published: April 2022

As one of the important aspects of cultural life, brand has obvious cultural attributes. As an important branch of the cultural and creative industry, brand design is not only the concrete expression of human wisdom, but also a product in the process of continuous cultural development, which can positively interpret human’s innovative spirit and innovative concept. Therefore, a systematic study on the effective use of western culture in brand design and a detailed analysis on the impact as well as enlightenment of the use of western culture in brand design on the cultural and creative industry are carried out, so as to lay a solid foundation for the improvement of the cultural innovation level in the field of brand design and the all-round development of cultural and creative industry in China.