bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über Eisen(II)-Komplexe substituierter 2-Pyridinalphenylimine / Complexes of Iron (II) with Substituted 2-Pyridinalphenylimines
Authors: Barth P. , Schmauss G. , Specker H.
Published: February 2015

This paper reports the isolation of a series of new coordination compounds formed with substituted 2-pyridinalphenylimines and iron (II). Susceptibility data, electronic spectra and infrared spectra leading to the characterisation of the compounds [FeL3] (ClO4)2, [FeL2(NCS)2] and [FeL2′ (NCS)2] (L = 2-pyridinalphenylimine or phenylsubstituted 2-pyridinalphenylimine, L′ = 6-methyl-2-pyridinalphenylimine) are presented. Fully low-spin, fully high-spin and a temperature dependent spin-equilibrium between intermediate spin state and high-spin can be produced by appropiate substitution.
Eine neue strukturelle Variante des BaAl4-Typs: Der CaBe2Ge2-Typ / A New Structural Variant of the BaAl4-Type: The CaBe2Ge2-Type
Authors: Eisenmann B. , May N. , Müller Wiking , Schäfer Herbert
Published: February 2015

The ternary intermetallic compounds CaBe2Ge2, BaMg2Pb2 and BaZn2Sn2 have been prepared. Their crystal-structures have been determined. They are isotypic and crystallize in a new variant of the BaAl4-type (Space group: P4/nmm — D4h
7, lattice parameters:

CaBe2Ge2: a = 4,02 ± 0,02 Å

c = 9,92 ± 0,02 Å

BaMg2Pb2: a = 5,00 ± 0,02 Å

c = 12,11 ± 0,02 Å

BaZn2Sn2: a = 4,69 ± 0,02 Å

c = 11,33 ± 0,02 Å).
Die Struktur der Phase Li7Ge2 / The Structure of Li7Ge2
Authors: Hopf V. , Müller Wiking , Schäfer Herbert
Published: February 2015

In the binary system Li—Ge we have found the new compound Li7Ge2. It crystallizes orthorhombic, space group Cmmm—D2h
19, a = 9,24 ±0,02 Å b = 13,21 ± 0,02 A and c = 4,63 ± 0,01 A. Li7Ge2 is not isotypic to Li7Si2, but there are many structural relations between their structures.
Osmium(VIII) Catalyzed Oxidation of Acetone and Ethylmethyl Ketone by Chloramine-T
Authors: Mushran S. P. , Sanehi R. , Agraval M. C.
Published: February 2015

The Osmium (VIII) catalyzed oxidation of acetone and ethylmethyl ketone by chloramine-T, in highly alkaline solutions showed first order dependence to chloramine-T and osmium (VIII). The order of the reactions with respect to alkali and ketone were found to be fractional, being ~-0.82 and 0.3 respectively. No effects of ionic strength were evident. The mechanism has been proposed on the basis of the formation of a complex between N-chlorotoluene-p-sulfonamide and osmium (VIII) in the slow step, which in turn oxidizes the enol anion of the reducing substrate in the fast step.

During the study of the mechanism of oxidations by chloramine-T, the kinetics of the oxidation of α-hydroxy acids 1 in presence of osmium (VIII) as catalyst, glycerol2 in neutral and alkaline media, p-cresol3 in an acidic medium, hexacyanoferrate (II)4 in a feebly acidic medium (pH 6-7) and aliphatic aldehydes 5 in alkaline media have been investigated.

Despite the high redox potential6 of the chloramine-T/toluene sulfonamide system (1.138 V at pH 12), the oxidation of acetone does not take place in absence of catalyst and that of ethylmethyl ketone proceeds only in highly alkaline solutions7 (NaOH>0.01 M). In the present note the kinetics of the osmium (VIII) catalyzed oxidation of acetone and ethylmethyl ketone have been recorded.
Über die Umsetzung von Amidoximäthern mit Malonsäuren in Acetanhydrid / The Reaction of Amidoxime Ethers with Malonic Acids in Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Ziegler Erich , Argyrides Alkis , Steiger Wilfried
Published: February 2015

Amidoxime Ethers react with malonic acid in acetic anhydride at 20° to pyrano-pyrimidones (1 a- d), however, with monosubstituted malonic acids acetoxy-pyrimidones (2 a- f) are formed at the boiling point.
Kinetic Studies on the Enzyme-substrate Complex Formation of p-Hydroxybenzoate Hydroxylase by the Stopped-flow Method
Authors: Higashi Naoki , Shoun Hirohumi , Yano Keiji , Arima Κει , Hiromi Keitaro
Published: February 2015

The spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric investigations of the enzyme-substrate complex formation of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase was made by the stopped-flow technique. The apparent velocity of the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex (the velocity of the absorbance change in visible and UV regions, and the velocity of the quenching of the fluorescence intensity in the FAD moiety of the holoenzyme by the substrate) was rapid enough to explain the maximal overall velocity (72 sec-1) or the activated anaerobic reduction rate (kred
max= 200 sec-1). The results were consistent with a two-step mechanism involving a rapid bimolecular association of enzyme and substrate, and a slower follow-up unimolecular process.
Zur Reduzierbarkeit der Vitamin B12-Arten durch Kohlenmonoxid / About the Reduction of the B12-vitamins by Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Moskophidis Matthäus , Friedrich Wilhelm , Pohl Christa-Maria
Published: February 2015

The reduction by CO of diaquo-cobinamide, diaquo-cobyric acid and several complete aquocorrinoids in aqueous solutions was studied. Aquo-cobalamin-lactam and all the other corrinoids under study were reduced to (CoII). At 37°C the reaction is about two to three times faster than at 22°C, and it is inhibited by benzimidazole and (more strongly) by histidine. CO is a better reductans for diaquo-cobinamide and diaquo-cobyric acid than for the complete corrinoids. Corrinoids with a purine base are more quickly reduced than those with a benzimidazole base. The experiments show that the reaction of CO with corrinoids is inhibited or delayed by those trans ligands, which are strong electron donors.
Die Wasser- und Ionen-Permeabilität der Zellmembran von Protozoen unter Einwirkung von ultraviolettem Licht / The Permeability of the Protozoan Cell Membrane to Water and Ions under the Action of Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Hildebrand Eilo , Stieve Hennig
Published: February 2015

The action of ultraviolet light on certain membrane properties of protozoa was investigated in Paramecium, Euplotes, and Opalina using the following methods: observation of morphological changes of the animals, recording of the osmoregulatory organelle (Paramecium), and measurement of membrane potential and resistance by means of intracellularly inserted microelectrodes.

This paper presents only slow effects which occur within some minutes after uv irradiation and does not directly concern excitability of protozoa.

Due to large uv doses swelling was observed both in Paramecium and Opalina; in Euplotes a liquid-filled vacuole was formed.

Small uv doses cause an increase in the frequency of the contractile vacuole of Paramecium; larger doses diminish the frequency reversibly (Fig. 4), and even larger doses lead to an irreversible inactivation of this organelle.

Membrane potential and membrane resistance in Opalina are shown to change in different ways under continuous irradiation (Fig. 13): After a transient decrease the membrane potential increases to about the initial value and after this it decreases to zero, whereas the membrane resistance decreases from the beginning of irradiation.

The spectral sensitivity curve (Fig. 9) obtained from a standard decrease of the membrane potential shows a maximum at about 280 nm and a rise from 250 nm towards shorter wavelengths.

The results indicate an influx of water following the osmotic gradient and an increase of the membrane permeability to cations. With respect to the different behavior of membrane potential and conductivity the mechanism of uv action is discussed. The most probable assumption is that the permeability increases unspecifically but gradually in succession for water, chloride, potassium, and sodium. The possibility of disruption of disulfide links is discussed with respect to the spectral sensitivity curve. It is suggested that the altered permeability is based on photochemically induced changes of the structure of proteins which are either part of the membrane or have an important function in the regulation of the membrane permeability.
Schwingungsspektren von Überjodsäuren und Perjodaten, I./Vibrational Spectra of Periodic Acid and Periodates, I
Authors: Siebert Hans , Wieghardt Gertraud
Published: February 2015

The vibrational spectra of H5IO6 and a number of periodates containing the anion IO6
5- are reported and frequencies are assigned. The force constants of the IO6
5- ion are interpreted on the basis of noticeable π bonding. The IO bonds in H5IO6 are not all equivalent. As shown by their Raman spectra, solutions of H5IO6 in concentrated strong acids contain the hexahydroxoiodine(VII) ion I (OH)6
+ with six equivalent IO bonds.
Dipole Moments and Molecular Conformation of Allylcarbonylnitrosyl Iron Complexes
Authors: Sorriso S. , Cardaci G. , Murgia S. M.
Published: February 2015

The dipole moments of the complexes π (CH2CXCH2) Fe (CO) (NO) L, with X and L equal, respectively, to H, CO; H, P (C6H5)3; CH3, CO; Cl, CO; Br, CO, have been measured. From the results it is concluded that:

1. The value of the group moment

is ca. 1.6 D, if

= 1.3 D and Co-Fe-CO(NO) =98°.

2. A trans structure appears most likely in the π (CH2CYCH2) Fe (CO) 2NO (Y = Cl, Br, CH3).

3. Qualitative comparison between

and

group moments confirms that the C5H5 group bonds to manganese as (C5H5)δ-.
The Stability Increasing Effect of the Pyridyl and Imidazole Groups on the Formation of Mixed Amine-Copper(	II)-Adenosine 5′-monophosphate Complexes 1, 2
Authors: Huber Peter R. , Sigel Helmut
Published: February 2015

The stability constants of the ternary Cu2+ complexes containing adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and as a second ligand, 2,2′-bipyridyl, 4- (2′-pyridyl) imidazole, 2-picolylamine, 4-aminomethylimidazole, and ethylenediamine were determined by potentiometric titration in water containing 10% dioxane (I=0.1; 25°C). For the equilibrium, Cu (amine) 2++Cu (AMP) ⇄Cu (amine) (AMP) +Cu2+, the corresponding constants are (in the order of the above amine ligands), Δ log K =log

=
0.53, 0.20, 0.04, —0.35, and
—0.45; hence, in
the
first cases the equilibrium is considerably on the side of the mixed-ligand complex. The importance of the π-system of the amine for the stability of the mixed-ligand Cu2+ complexes is obvious from the given series. The imidazole group, an important binding site for metal ions in biological systems, has clearly qualities similar to the pyridyl group (Inorg. Chem. 9, 1238 [1970]), i. e. the stability of ternary Cu2+ complexes containing these groups is increased.
Reaktion von in Schichtengittern kristallisierenden Metalldisulfiden mit Alkali-naphthalid-Lösungen / Reaction of Metalldisulfides Having Layer Structures with Alkalinaphthalides-solutions
Authors: Bayer E. , Rüdorff W.
Published: February 2015

MoS2, WS2 and TiS2 react with K-naphthalid-solutions to intercalation compounds KxMeS2. Na- and Li-naphthalid reduce the sulfides to metal, but in the case of the sodium-compound the first step is intercalation to NaxWS2. Li-HMPT-solution reduces MoS2 to Lix (HMPT) nMoS2 and finally to Mo. The reasons for the differences in the reactive behaviour of the alkali-naphthalid-solutions are discussed.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds with Phosphorus Esters
Authors: Sosnovsky G. , Shende M. W.
Published: February 2015

The alkylations of aromatic compounds with trialkyl phosphites (1), dialkyl phosphites (2), and trialkyl phosphates (3) in the presence of aluminum chloride were studied involving several raction variables, such as time, ratio of reactants, nature of catalyst and solvent, and combinations thereof. Extensive disproportionation and isomerization were observed in the reaction with monosubstituted alkylbenzenes under heterogeneous reaction conditions obtained by the use of an excess of aromatic substrates. A combination of aluminum chloride—nitromethane complex and dichloromethane as solvent was used to eliminate these undesirable effects and to give homogeneous and practically non-isomerizing conditions. The scope of the reaction was studied with a number of aromatic substrates, and their relative reactivities were compared to that of benzene in competitive isopropylations with triisopropyl phosphite. The relative rates and isomer distributions showed low substrate and low positional selectivities and poor agreement with Brown’s selectivity relationship. The substrate selectivity was somewhat higher and the positional selectivities were somewhat lower than those obtained in competitive isopropylation reactions with other isopropylating agents. The selectivity factor, Sf, and partial rate factors were calculated. An electrophilic alkylation mechanism is proposed on the basis of (1) the relative rates of isopropylation, (2) the isomer distribution of dialkylated aromatics, and (3) the necessity of a strong Lewis acid in these reactions.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectrum of a New Anthraquinone Aglycone (Nodosin)
Authors: Misra B. N. , Gupta S. K. , Sharma S. D.
Published: February 2015

The Electron Spin Resonance study of 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy 2,7-dimethyl anthraquinone known as Nodosin has been carried out at room temperature and at X-band. The compound gives a norrow ESR line. The measurements of lineshape, linewidth and g-value have been made. A theoretical computation of dipolar width as well as narrowing due to exchange has been carried out with the help of KUBO and TOMITA theory and finally a value for J, the exchange coupling parameter has been estimated. On the basis of these measurements Nodosin has been proposed to adopt an intermediate structure.
Model of a Chemical Reaction Flip-flop with one Unique Switching Input
Authors: Seelig Friedrich F. , Rössler Otto E.
Published: February 2015

The model of a flip-flop consisting of an interacting pair of completely equivalent chemical reaction systems (branches) is displayed. Beyond a critical threshold value of the influx to the apex substance of both branches the symmetric state (both branches active to an equal extent) is unstable; so essentially only one will be active. A negative pulse in the influx beneath the threshold brings the total system back towards the symmetric state. Introducing additional short reaction chains into both branches that cause a time delay in the rate of destruction of the end products generate an overshoot, so the opposite branch is active, when the pulse is over. Thus the same pulse can switch over the system in either direction opposite to the former state
29Si-chemische Verschiebungen von Trimethylsilylestern anorganischer und organischer Säuren / 29Si Chemical Shifts of Trimethylsilylesters of Inorganic and Organic Acids
Authors: Marsmann H. C. , Horn H.-G.
Published: February 2015

29Si-NMR chemical shifts of several trimethylsilylesters of organic and inorganic acids have been measured and are discussed in detail. It is attempted to find a connection between the 29Sichemical shift of the ester and the acid strength of the starting acids of the esters. Preparation of some new silylesters is described
Sterischer Ablauf der Dehydratisierung von gasförmigem 2-Butanol-3-d1 an AlPO4, Ba3(PO4)2 und Ca3(PO4)2 / Stereo Mechanism of Dehydration of Gaseous 2-Butanol-3-d1 over AlPO4, Ba3(PO4)2 and Ca3(PO4)2
Authors: Thomke Kurt , Noller Heinrich
Published: February 2015

Dehydration can proceed according to one (E2) or two (El, ElcB) step mechanisms. In the first case the leaving groups can be abstracted from the cis or trans (syn or anti) position. In order to get insight into the mechanism, the dehydration of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, D,L-erythro- and D,L-threo-2-butanol-3-d1 as well as the isomerization of 1-butene and cis-2-butene were studied in the temperature range from 250 to 400°C, using microcatalytic and mass-spectrometric techniques. In order to distinguish between cis and trans elimination, erythro- and threo-2-butanol-3-d1 were studied. Over AlPO4, Ba3(PO4)2 and Ca3 (PO4) 2 a simultaneous trans and cis mechanism was found. The ratio of cis to trans mechanism was calculated to be 85/15 with Ca3 (PO4)2, 70/30 with Ba3 (PO4)2 and 45/55 with AlPO4. The cis mechanism is highest for Me-O-distances of the catalysts of 2.5 A which coincides practically with the distance between - OH and -H (D) to be eliminated
Die UV-Dimerisation von 1.3-Dimethyluracil in der Eismatrix / UV-Dimerization of 1,3-Dimethyluracil in Ice-Matrix
Authors: Fahr Egon , Fürst Gerhard , Maul Peter , Wieser Heinz
Published: February 2015

UV irradiation of 1,3-dimethyluracil in ice-matrix yields four dimeric dimethyluracils (2 c) - (5 c), which could be isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Attemps for structure elucidation of these four dimers by UV, IR, NMR and mass-spectrometric methodes pointed out, that only NMR-spectra give structural evidences; by IR - not by mass-spectra - certain identification of dimers is possible.

In accordance with dimeric thymines and dimeric uracils the syn-dimeric dimethyluracils (3 c) and (5 c) are stable in 6 N HCl, the anti-dimers are monomerisized. Investigations of stability in HCl gives informations about structures of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers
Loss of Biological Activity of Bacteriophage 2C and Degradation of its DNA in Storage
Authors: Chinnadurai G.
Published: February 2015

The bacteriophage 2C, when stored at 4°C loses its biological activity rapidly. It has been observed that the DNA from such inactive phages is also degraded. The preliminary studies indicate that the “heavy” strand of the DNA gets degraded first followed by the “light” strand
Ultraviolet Absorption and Optical Rotatory Dispersion Studies of Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Nucleohistone
Authors: Basu S.
Published: February 2015

This report concerns the ultraviolet absorption and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) of DNA and of nucleotides down to 185 mμ. An absorption band (y) at about 195 mμ occurs for all these compounds. Similar studies have been made on histones and nucleohistone. These indicate a strong absorption below 200 mμ due to protein. Consequently, if any native DNA is associated with some amount (2 - 12%) of protein (e.g., histones), the molecular absorption of DNA in the said region becomes masked, and no clear y-maximum due to DNA occurs in the absorption spectrum. The absorption of DNA in the y-band region (ca. 190 mμ) seems to be decreased as a result of DNA-protein interaction. No significant change is observed in the absorption region of DNA at longer wavelengths (250-290 mμ). The y-peak of DNA appears at about 190 mμ on complete removal of proteins. This peak is sharper than the conventional one (x) at 260 mμ and is hyperchromic on denaturation, and involves multiple Cotton effects to any degrees similar to that observed at the second peak (260 mμ).

The absorption (also ORD) features of nucleohistone at the x and y wavelengths do not provide similar information (e.g., denaturation artefacts) regarding the structure of the nucleohistone contained DNA which is apparently distinct from the structures of native and partially denatured (denaturation 10%) DNA. The weaker π-π* transition (190 mμ) in the DNA bases is very susceptible to nucleoprotein interaction. This result has been used to explain the influence of nucleoprotein interaction on the configuration of DNA in nucleohistone
Studies on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Lizards
Authors: Ali Athar H. S. , Hasnain S. Nazrul , Zain-Ul-Abedin M.
Published: February 2015

1. Initial glycogen levels in the liver were found to be significantly higher than in the kidneys of the two species studied. The glycogen levels in kidney were however considerably higher than in some mammalian species.

2. Total reducing capacity, true glucose, saccharoid fraction and titratable acidity increase gradually with concomitant decrease in the glycogen levels when liver and kidney homogenates of uromastix and liver homogenate of varanus were incubated for a period of 4 hours.

3. Total reducing capacity, true glucose and the titratable acidity increase gradually, while the glycogen and the saccharoid fraction remain unchanged when the kidney homogenates of varanus are incubated for 4 hours.

4. Total reducing capacity, true glucose and saccharoid fraction in the blood of uromastix are higher than in varanus. The blood glucose levels in both the species are higher than found in the mammals
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen in der Festkörperchemie.
Authors: Burkert Paul K. , Eckel Max F.
Published: February 2015

Room-temperature 185Re, 187Re-NQR-spectra of polycrystalline perrhenates were measured. A dependence of the NQR-frequencies of the ± 5/2 ⇆ ± 3/2 ⇆ ± 1/2 transitions on nature and size of the cations in identical crystal structure was found.
Zur Kenntnis der Barium- und Strontiumhalogenidhydrate / About Barium and Strontium Halide Hydrates
Authors: Lutz Heinz Dieter , Klüppel Hans-Jürgen , Marner Franz-Josef , Kesterke Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2015

The following alkaline earth halide hydrates could be found by differential thermal analysis: SrCl2 · 6H2O, SrCl2 · 2H2O, SrCl2 · H2O; SrBr2 · 6H2O, SrBr2 · H2O; SrJ2 · 6H2O, SrJ2 · H2O; BaCl2 · 2H2O, BaCl2 · H2O; BaBr2 · 2H2O, BaBr2 · H2O; BaJ2 · 6H2O, BaJ2 · 2H2O, BaJ2 · H2O. The dehydration temperatures increase with the size of the anions and decrease with the radius of the cations. The dehydration of SrCl2 · H2O gives rise to two DTA-peaks, but there is no half-hydrate formed according to high-temperature IR-measurements. The X-ray data of Sr J2. H2O are communicated.
Über Metalltrifluorphosphin-Komplexe. XXXVII. / On Metaltrifluorophosphine Complexes. XXXVII.
Authors: Kruck Thomas , Sylvester Gerd , Kunau Inge-Petra
Published: February 2015

π-Allyltris(trifluorophosphine)cobaltcomplexes, CnH2n-1Co(PF3)3, are synthetized by the reaction of hydrido-tetrakis(trifluorophosphine)cobalt with conjugated dienes. Suitable dienes are butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, cis-1.3-pentadiene, trans-trans-2.4-hexadiene, 2.3-dimethyl-1.3-butadiene, 2.4-dimethyl-1.3-pentadiene and 1.3-cyclohexadiene. The complexes are thermally stable up to 100°C. They can be sublimed at 25°C/10-3 Torr. They are extremely soluble in polar as well as in nonpolar organic solvents. Since the 1H-NMR-signals are only poorly resolved, it is not possible to distinguish between expected isomers. The IR-spectra are consistent with a tetrahedral arrangement of the ligands.
3-Monoxime substituierter Acetessigsäureamide als Chelatbildner / 3-Monoximes of Substituted Acetoacetamides as Chelating Agents
Authors: Kettrup A. , Neustadt Th.
Published: February 2015

The preparation of 3-monoximes of different substituted acetoacetamides is described. The dissociation constants of these compounds and also the stability constants of their metal chelates were determined by potentiometric pH-measurements. The change of stability constants by the substituents of the amide group is interpreted.
Darstellung, Eigenschaften, KMR-, IR- und Raman-Spektren von Verbindungen des Typs R-P(Se)F2, R-P(Se)FC1 und R-P(Se)Cl2 / Preparation, Chemical Properties, NMR- and Vibrational Spectra of Compounds of the Type R-P(Se)F2-, R-P(Se)FCl and R-P(Se)Cl2
Authors: Roesky H. W. , Kloker W.
Published: February 2015

R-P(Se)F2- (R = CH3, C2H5, C3H11, C6H5, N(CH3)2, N(C2H5)2, NHSi(CH3)3) and R-P(Se)FCl-compounds (R = CH3, C2H5) can be prepared by reaction of R-P(Se)Cl2-derivatives with antimony(III)fluoride under reduced pressure. In some cases the oxidation of fluorophophines with elemental selenium is successful. The isolated compounds are colourless volatile liquids which are sensitive to air and moisture. The chemical properties are described.

1H-, 19F-, 31P-NMR-, IR- and Raman-spectroscopic data are given. Main stretching frequencies are discussed by comparison with similar oxygen- and sulphur-compounds.
Reaktionen fluorierter Alkyldithiophosphonsäuren mit metallorganischen Verbindungen / Reactions of Fluorinated Alkyldithiophosphonic Acids with Metal Organic Compounds
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Dietl Michael , Norbury A. H.
Published: February 2015

The preparation of (CH3)3SnSPSFC2H5, Pb(SPSFCH3)2, Pb(SPSFC2H5)2 and CH3HgSPSFCH3 is described. On the basis of NMR the structure was formulated as

. All the complexes are colourless and monomeric in solution.

The magnetic and reflectance spectra of Cr(S2PFCH3)3, Mn(S2PFC2H5)2, Co(S2PFCH3)2, Ni(S2PFCH3)2 and Ni(S2PFC2H5)2 are reported and interpreted.
Chemische Charakterisierung des [py2X]+-Ions (X = Br, J) / Chemical Characterization of the [py2X]+ Ion (X = Br, J)
Authors: Tytko Karl-Heinz , Schmeisser Martin
Published: February 2015

The chemical behaviour of the [py2X]+ ion in acetonitrile as solvent can be well characterized by its intense charge transfer band. The two pyridine molecules of the ion can be substituted successively by chloride ions, the resulting species being py · XCl and XCl2
-. In the order of stability of the species [py2X]+ < py · XCl < XCl2
- the adduct py · XCl thus is placed near the XCl2
- ion. Consequently even this ion can act as Cl donor against the [py2X]+ ion. The XCl and pyridine arising from this reaction on their part form the adduct py · XCl as well. The ionization of the adduct py · JCl giving [py2J]+ and JCl2
-, as proposed in the literature, cannot be correct.
Ein neues Verfahren zur Darstellung von Thio- und Thioxowolframaten / A Novel Preparation of Thio- and Thioxotungstates
Authors: Fuchs J. , Hagendorf L.
Published: February 2015

Salts of the anions WS4
2-, WOS3
2- and WO2S2
2- can be obtained from ethanol by sulfanolysis of tungsten(VI)oxidetetraethoxide, WO(OC2H5)4, in the presence of bases.
Reaktionen von Äthylen-bis(triphenylphosphin)platin(O) mit Ketenderivaten / Reactions of Ethylen-bis(triphenvlphosphine)platinum(O) with Keten Derivatives
Authors: Schorpp Karl , Beck Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Adducts of bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum with diphenylketen and keten-S,S-acetales are formed by reaction of the ketene derivatives with (Ph3P)2Pt(C2H4).
Kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Organophosphorverbindungen: Die Umsetzung von 1.2-Dibenzoyl-1.2-dibromäthan mit Trimethylphosphit / NMR-Spectroscopic Investigations on Organophosphorus Compounds : The Reaction Between 1,2-Dibenzoyl-1,2-dibromoethane and Trimethylphosphite
Authors: Hagele Gerhard
Published: February 2015

The reaction between 1,2-dibenzoyl-1,2-dibromoethane and two moles of trimethylphosphite produces 1 -phenacyl-1 -dimethoxyphosphoryl-2-phenyl-vinyl-dimethylphosphate and not a symmetrical bis-Arbuzov - product. 1H-, 1H{31Ρ}- and 13C-FT-spectra were used to derive the molecular structure of C20H24O8P2.
Massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung von Trimethylsilylderivaten (TMS) des Thyrotropin-„Releasing“-Hormons (TRH) und dessen Teilstrukturen / Mass Spectroscopy of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone and its Constituents
Authors: König W. A. , Fuchs S. , Zech K. , Voelter W.
Published: February 2015

The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of trimethylsilyl derivatives of TRH and its constituents are discussed. The utility of these derivatives for the control of the synthesis of peptide hormones by mass spectrometry is obvious.
Oscillatory Oxidation of Malonic Acid by Bromate
Authors: Bornmann L. , Busse H. , Hess B. , Riepe R. , Hesse C.
Published: February 2015

In order to elucidate the reaction scheme of the oscillatory malonic acid-KBrO3system in sulphuric acid the products extracted from the reaction system by ether are analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. After 2 hours reaction time implying approx. 80 to 100 cycles malonic acid, monobromomalonic acid and dibromoacetic acid are identified in a relative ratio of about 1.0, 0.14 and 0.023.
Das Verhalten von Thiophosphinsäuren gegenüber BrMn(CO)5 und BrRe(CO)5 / The Behaviour of Thiophosphinic Acids towards BrMn(CO)5 and BrRe(CO)5
Authors: Lindner E. , Ebinger H.-M.
Published: February 2015

The dimeric complexes [R2PSOM(CO)3]2 1-4 (R = C2H5, C6H5; M = Mn, Re) are nearly exclusively formed by reaction of the monothiophosphinic acids R2PSOH with the bromopentacarbonylmanganese and -rhenium compounds BrM(CO)5 according to Eqn. (1). The monosubstitution products 5 and 6 are obtained from 3 and 4 with P(C6H5)3 in benzene according to Eqn. (2). The disubstituted complexes (C6H5)2PSORe(CO)3[P(C6H5)3]2 (7) and (C6H5)2PSORe(CO)2[P(C6H5)3]2 (8) are mainly formed by reaction of 4 with excess P(C6H5)3 in toluene according to Eqn. (3). The newly prepared compounds are discussed on the basis of their IR and mass spectra.
Beiträge zur Chemie der Uranfluoride und -oxidfluoride, I/ Chemistry of Uranium Fluorides and Oxide Fluorides, I
Authors: Jacob E . , Polligkeit W.
Published: February 2015

The new compounds UOF4 and U18OF4 have been prepared by the hydrolysis of UF6 with a solution of 0,-0,2% H2O and H2
18O in liquid HF. Properties and vibrational spectra are reported and discussed.
Schichteinlagerungsverbindungen des Niob- und Tantaldisulfids mit n-Alkylaminen / Layer Intercalation Compounds of Niobium and Tantalum Disulfide with n-Alkylamines
Authors: Schöllhorn Robert , Sick Erwin , Weiss Armin
Published: February 2015

NbS2 and TaS2 react with n-alkylamines to form intercalation complexes similar to those observed with TiS2. The arrangement of the guest molecules in the interlayer space is dominated by the interaction host lattice-amine nitrogen, if the alkyl chain of the amine contains 4 to 9 C-atoms. In complexes containing 12 to 18 C-atoms per alkyl chain, the van der Waals interaction between the alkyl chains is essentially responsible for the sterical arrangement of the intercalated molecules.

Investigations with n-octadecylamine-NbS2 and oleylamine-NbS2 in the temperature range of 20-120°C lead to the observation of severval reversible phase transitions. These transitions are caused by conformational changes of the guest molecules as well as by changes in the ratio RNH2: NbS2.
Schichteinlagerungsverbindungen des Niobdisulfids und Tantaldisulfids mit Carbonsäureamiden, Harnstoff und Harnstoffderivaten / Layer Intercalation Compounds of Niobium Disulfide and Tantalum Disulfide with Amides, Urea and Urea Derivatives
Authors: Schöllhorn Robert , Weiss Armin
Published: February 2015

NbS2 and TaS2 react with amides, urea and urea derivatives to form layer intercalation complexes. 20 compounds of NbS2 and 13 compounds of TaS2 have been characterized by their lattice dimensions and limiting compositions. Partly covalent interactions between guest molecules and host lattice seem to be of importance in the formation of the compounds described.
Furoquinolines Part VI: Synthesis of Furo(2,3-b)quinolines
Authors: Shanmugam P. , Palaniappan R.
Published: February 2015

3-Vinyl-2-quinolone, its 6,7-dimethoxy, 7,8-dimethoxy and 6,7-methylenedioxy derivatives are converted into the corresponding 3-acetoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro(2,3-b)quinolines by way of iodoacetoxylation using iodine and excess silver acetate in acetic acid. Dehydroacetoxylation of the acetoxy compounds, accomplished by heating with 88-93% o-phosphoric acid, furnished the corresponding furo(2,3-b)quinolines.
Mechanismus der Wasserstoffübertragung bei der homogenen katalytischen Hydrierung von Malein- und Fumarsäuredimethylester mit IrCl(CO)(PΦ3)2 / Mechanism of Hydrogen Transfer in Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Maleic- and Fumaric-Dimethyl Ester with IrCl(CO)(PΦ3)2
Authors: Strohmeier Walter , Diehl Walter
Published: February 2015

Hydrogen transfer from the hydrogenated catalyst IrH2 to an unsaturated compound S is a two step mechanism. In the π-complex IrH2...S the first hydrogen atom is transferred by formation of σ-complex IrH(SH). This reaction is reversible. The transfer of the second hydrogen is not reversible. Distribution of deuterium in the products and isomerisation give evidence of rotation of substrate in the π-complex and of rotation of group-CHDR in the σ-complex. Results of hydrogenation with tritium confirm the proposed mechanism.
Zur Kenntnis der Chemie der Metallcarbonyle und der Cyanokomplexe
in flüssigem Ammoniak. XXX.
Authors: Lindner Ekkehard , Behrens Helmut , Uhlig Dieter
Published: February 2015

The IR spectrum of Na2[Cr(CO)5], which has been obtained by reaction between Cr(CO)6 and sodium in liquid NH3, is discussed. The oxidation to Na2[Cr2(CO)10] in THF has been followed IR spectroscopically.

The reactions between Na2[Cr(CO)5] and Mo(CO)6, W(CO)6 and Fe2(CO)9 lead to the mixed binuclear carbonylmetallates Na2[(OC)5Cr - Mo(CO)5], Na2[(OC)5Cr -W(CO)5] and Na2[(OC)5Cr - Fe(CO)4].
ESR Spectra of Fe-NO Complexes with Some Organic Ligands
Authors: Martini G. , Tiezzi E.
Published: February 2015

ESR has been used in the study of iron(I)-nitrosyl complexes with organic ligands in solution. Four types of complexes have been identified on basis of the ESR parameters, namely Fe (NO) L5, Fe (NO) L2, Fe (NO) 2L2, and Fe (NO) 2L. In the iron-nitrosyl complexes with the organic ligands used, the groups more often involved in the coordination are: - C -NH2; - C -NH; -C= O; and - C = S (eventually in the tautomeric forms). Urea and derivatives, either in water or in ethanol solutions, seem to give rise only to Fe (NO)2L2 type complexes. Similar results were obtained with phenylamino-derivatives and heterocycles. Equilibria between different types of complexes - Fe (NO) L2 and Fe (NO) 2L - were established with hydrazides and substituted hydrazides.
Bis(diphenylphosphino)amin; die Darstellung aus 1.2.4.5-Tetrabrom-benzol und Natriumdiphenylphosphid in flüssigem Ammoniak und die Reaktion mit Chromhexacarbonyl / Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine; the Preparation from 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromo-benzene and Sodium-diphenyl-phosphide in Liquid Ammonia and the Reaction with Chromiumhexacarbonyl
Authors: Ellermann Jochen , Gruber Wolfgang H.
Published: February 2015

1,2,4,5-Tetrabromo-benzene and NaP(C6H5)2 (molar ratio 1 : 4) reacts in liquid ammonia under deposition of 4 moles NaBr. But instead of the expected compound 1,2,4,5-tetrakis (diphenylphosph ino) benzene, bis (diphenylphosphino)amine was formed. [(C6H5)2P]2NH was characterized by mass-, IR- and 1H-NMR-spectra and also by the reaction with chromiumhexacarbonyl.
Über die Reaktionen von GeJ2 und SnJ2 mit [C5H5Co(NO)]2 und C5H5Co(NO)J / On the Reactions of GeJ2 and SnJ2 with [C5H5Co(NO)]2 and C5H5Co(NO)J
Authors: Brunner Henri , Loskot Stephan
Published: February 2015

GeJ2 and SnJ2 react with [C5H5Co (NO)]2 to give C5H5Co (NO) Ge J3 and C5H5Co (NO) Sn J3 respectively. The same compounds are obtained in higher yields by inserting GeJ2 and SnJ2 into the Co- J bond of C5H5Co (NO) J. In contrast to C5H5Co (NO) Hal the new complexes C5H5Co (NO) E J3 do not associate via NO-bridges.
Electrical Conductivity of o-, m-, and p-Terphenyls
Authors: Bizzarri P. Costa , Della Casa C. , Pietra S.
Published: February 2015

Many investigations have been carried out on the electrical properties of p-terphenyl1-9, and, as far as we know, only one on m-terphenyl10. In the present work, the d. c. electrical conductivities of the three isomeric terphenyls are compared to establish the influence of the molecular structure on the electrical properties and to explain the mechanism of the energy transport in organic molecules.
Synthesis of Pure and Mixed Double Oxides with the Ilmenite Structure
Authors: Gellings P.J. , Van De Velde G. M. H.
Published: February 2015

A new method for synthesizing double oxides of the ilmenite and perovskite type via aquafluoro-complexes MII(H2O)xAIVF6 has now successfully been applied to dilute solid solutions of iron (II) magnesiumtitanates FexMg1-xTiO3.

Chemical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis of lattice spacing shifts of different compositions warrant the conclusion that random solid solutions of mixed double oxides can be obtained by the chosen method, with the special advantages of stoichiometry and lower reaction temperatures than in previously described methods.
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an Borchelaten der Pyridin- und Chinolin-Reihe und deren N-Oxiden / Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Boron Chelates of the Pyridine and Quinoline Type and their N-Oxides
Authors: Hohaus Eberhard , Riepe Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Mass spectra of chelate-6-rings (N-oxide-chelates) are similar to those of comparable chelate-5-rings after elimination of oxygen from the fragment ion (M-C6H5). It is assumed that the fragment ion [(M-C6H5)-O] exists as a five-membered ring.

However, there are two exceptions which are: The diphenyl boron chelate of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid anilide N-oxide with O-B-O-coordination and the difluorine boron chelate of 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. The stable fragment OBX (X = C6H5F) is eliminated directly from the fragment ion (M-X). It is assumed the ring closure in [(M-X)-O] obviously is less favoured. The preparation of both 5-ring-chelates using the components is impossible, too.
Die gas-chromatographische Untersuchung von dimeren Pyrimidinen, ΧΧIII / Investigation of Dimeric Pyrimidines by Gas Chromatography, XXIII
Authors: Fahr Egon , Pastille Reinhard , Magerl Hansjörg
Published: February 2015

Dimeric pyrimidines (dimeric uracils, dimeric thymines, dimeric uridines) could be detected in complex mixtures of irradiation products by gas chromatography after methylation or silylation.
Kinetik und Mechanismus der Lactonbildung von Cumarinsäure zu Cumarin durch potentiometrische pH-Messungen / Kinetic and Mechanism of Lactonization of Coumarinic Acid to Coumarin by Potentiometric pH-Measurements
Authors: Frosch Franz
Published: February 2015

Rate constants have been measured for the lactonization of coumarinic acid and its monoanion to coumarin in water at 25°C by a potentiometric method. The pKa-values of coumarinic acid were investigated. A mechanistic scheme for the lactonization is given.
Nitration Studies in Some β-Carboline Bases
Authors: Siddiqui Salimuzzaman , Ahmad Viqar U. , Khan M. Ataullah , Ismail Saira
Published: February 2015

Chemical and pharmacological studies of the nitration products of some β-carboline bases are presented. The position of the nitro group in the products has been established mainly by NMR spectroscopy.
Die Reaktion des Monochloramins mit Übergangsmetallchloriden / The Reaction of Monochloroamine with Transition Metal Chlorides
Authors: Fritz Heinz P. , Treptow Wolfram
Published: February 2015

The reaction of H2NCl with higher chlorides of the transition metals of groups IV to VI in CCl4 solution yields ammonium chlorocomplexes and ammonium chloride. The compounds are characterized by their IR and Raman spectra; their thermal decomposition to nitrides was studied by DTA.
Magnetic Susceptibility Investigation of the Reactivity of AIN with the Iron Group Metals
Authors: Zupan J. , Trontelj M. , Kolar D.
Published: February 2015

Using magnetic susceptibility measurements the reactivity of AIN with a small addition of iron group elements was studied. The beginning of the reaction between the AlN and metal at about 1500°C was established.
Bildung von Polychromsaure-tert-butylestern / Formation of tert-Butylpolychromates
Authors: Behr Werner J. , Fuchs Joachim
Published: February 2015

When the reaction between CrO3 and tert-butanol is carried out about thrice the amount of CrO3 will be used up as is required for the formation of di-tert-butylchromate. That means that polychromates were formed. By a judicious choice of starting material concentrations solutions of almost pure mono, di and trichromates can be produced even though these compounds can be readily interconverted into one another. The monochromate can be separated from by-products via column chromatography and is obtainable as pure solid. The di and trichromate could not be obtained in a pure state because of their ease of decomposition. In solution they are stable at room temperature in the dark for 15-30 min and they can be employed for synthesis. IR spectra indicate that the alkyl portion in these polychromates is bonded similarly as in the monochromate.
UV-Photolyse von 5-Bromuracil in wäßriger Lösung / UV-Photolysis of 5-Bromouracil in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gilbert E. , Cristallini C.
Published: February 2015

UV-Photolysis (254 nm) of 5-bromouracil in aqueous solution in the presence of oxygen was investigated at pH = 6. Isodialuric acid and 4,5-dihydroxy-imidazolidone-2 as a secondary photoproduct were identified. The bromine atom from the homolytic splitting of the C-Br-bond and molecular bromine have no effect on the product distribution under our experimental conditions. In the presence of 2-deoxy-D-ribose and oxygen the UV-photolysis of bromo-uracil leads to uracil, isodialuric acid and 4,5-dihydroxy imidazolidone-2. The yield of uracil increases with increasing deoxy-D-ribose concentration while the yield of isodialuric acid and 4,5-dihydroxy-imidazolidone decreases.
Cyclic Esters of Phosphorous — Phosphoric Anhydride as a Tool for Studying the “Abnormal” Biphilic Reactivity of PIII—PV Anhydride System
Authors: Mikolajczyk J. , Michalski J. , Zwierzak A.
Published: February 2015

A series of esters of phosphorous-phosphoric anhydride containing cyclic ester groups at one or both phosphorus atoms were prepared. The typical biphilic character of these compounds has been found. Unexpectedly observed lack of reactivity of anhydrides containing cyclic ester groups at trivalent phosphorus atom with respect to diethylphosphoric and acetic acids is the starting point for discussion on the mechanism of acidolysis. Unusual inertness of PIII cyclic esters of phosphorous-phosphoric anhydride towards protic acids is discussed in terms of Hudson’s concept of steric retardation on quaternisation.
Synthese biologisch aktiver Peptide mittels eines neuen Syntheseautomaten / Synthesis of Biological Active Peptides by the Aid of a New Peptide Synthesizer
Authors: Voelter W. , Zech K. , Grubhofer N.
Published: February 2015

A new automatic peptide synthesizer is described. Most of the different single parts of apparates like the programmer, timer, “Multiport-Ventil,” magnetic valves or vessels are all commercially available and may be fixed together with a relatively small amount of costs. The efficiency of the new apparatus is tested by the automatic synthesis of biologically active peptide sequences like H-Asp(OH)-Ala-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, H-Pro-Asn-Lys-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 and Pyr-Tyr-Arg-Trp-NH2.
Strahlenchemie von Kohlenhydraten, IV. γ-Radiolyse von Cellobiose in N2O-gesättigter wäßriger Lösung / γ-Radiolysis of Cellobiose in N2O Saturated Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dizdaroglu Miral , Von Sonntag Clemens
Published: February 2015

After γ-radiolysis of N2O saturated deoxygenated aqueous solutions of cellobiose (10-2Μ) the following products have been determined: Glucose, gluconic acid, 5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-glucose, 5-deoxy-gluconic acid, 2-deoxy-gluconic acid, 3-deoxy-4-keto-glucose, 2-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, arabinose, 2-deoxy-ribose, ribose, erythrose, threose, 2-deoxy-tetrose, dihydroxy acetone, 3-deoxy-pentulose, 2-butanone-1,4-diol, 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, carbon monoxid, and C12-acids (probably cellobionic acid and 2-deoxy-cellobionic acid). Analytical techniques were column chromatography, t. l. c. and g. l. c. combined with m. s.
Presynaptic NR2A-Containing NMDARs Are Required for LTD between the Amygdala and the Perirhinal Cortex: A Potential Mechanism for the Emotional Modulation of Memory?
Authors: Laing Michael D. , Bashir Zafar I.
Published: February 2015

Visual recognition memory relies on long-term depression-like mechanisms within the perirhinal cortex and the activation of the lateral amygdala can enhance visual recognition memory. How the lateral amygdala regulates recognition memory is not known, but synaptic plasticity at amygdala−perirhinal synapses may provide a mechanism for the emotional enhancement of recognition memory. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of long-term depression (LTD) at the amygdala−perirhinal synapse in male Lister Hooded rats. We demonstrate that LTD at this input relies on NR2A-containing NMDARs, located presynaptically. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of LTD, at the amygdala−perirhinal input, which may regulate the emotional context for recognition memory, are different to previously described postsynaptic NR2B−NMDAR mechanisms of intraperirhinal LTD that subserve recognition memory.
ThePolgMutator Phenotype Does Not Cause Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration inDJ-1-Deficient Mice
Authors: Hauser David N. , Primiani Christopher T. , Langston Rebekah G. , Kumaran Ravindran , Cookson Mark R.
Published: February 2015

Mutations in theDJ-1gene cause autosomal recessive parkinsonism in humans. Several mouse models ofDJ-1deficiency have been developed, but they do not have dopaminergic neuron cell death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage occurs frequently in the aged human SNpc but not in the mouse SNpc. We hypothesized that the reasonDJ-1-deficient mice do not have dopaminergic cell death is due to an absence of mtDNA damage. We tested this hypothesis by crossingDJ-1-deficient mice with mice that have similar amounts of mtDNA damage in their SNpc as aged humans (Polgmutator mice). At 1 year of age, we counted the amount of SNpc dopaminergic neurons in the mouse brains using both colorimetric and fluorescent staining followed by unbiased stereology. No evidence of dopaminergic cell death was observed inDJ-1-deficient mice with thePolgmutator mutation. Furthermore, we did not observe any difference in dopaminergic terminal immunostaining in the striatum of these mice. Finally, we did not observe any changes in the amount of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the SNpc of these mice, indicative of a lack of astrogliosis. Altogether, our findings demonstrate theDJ-1-deficient mice,Polgmutator mice, andDJ-1-deficientPolgmutator mice have intact nigrastriatal pathways. Thus, the lack of mtDNA damage in the mouse SNpc does not underlie the absence of dopaminergic cell death inDJ-1-deficient mice.
Selective Increase of Intention-Based Economic Decisions by Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Nihonsugi Tsuyoshi , Ihara Aya , Haruno Masahiko
Published: February 2015

The intention behind another's action and the impact of the outcome are major determinants of human economic behavior. It is poorly understood, however, whether the two systems share a core neural computation. Here, we investigated whether the two systems are causally dissociable in the brain by integrating computational modeling, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and transcranial direct current stimulation experiments in a newly developed trust game task. We show not only that right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity is correlated with intention-based economic decisions and that ventral striatum and amygdala activity are correlated with outcome-based decisions, but also that stimulation to the DLPFC selectively enhances intention-based decisions. These findings suggest that the right DLPFC is involved in the implementation of intention-based decisions in the processing of cooperative decisions. This causal dissociation of cortical and subcortical backgrounds may indicate evolutionary and developmental differences in the two decision systems.
THE ECONOMIC UPTURN OF TURKEY UNDER THE AK PARTY’s GOVERNANCE
Authors: Özkan Hakan
Published: February 2015

Comprehensive economic reforms have been conducted since the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Party (AK Party) came to power. In particular, the reform program accepted in 2002 accelerated Turkey’s existing policy of opening the country to outside world. The AK Party relied on the Customs Union Agreement with the European Union (EU), which was enforced in 1996 as an important condition for a successful export strategy. Within the framework of the government’s studies, visible changes occurred in the economy. In May 2003, inflation regressed and economic growth of 5.9% was realised. The AK Party continued this slight growth through the IMF programme, which continuously regressed inflation.