bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma arqueologia do antropoceno: tempo, identidade e novos artefactos numa nova era
Authors: Carvalho Daniel
Published: January 2024

Este artigo explora a problemática da existência de uma Arqueologia do Antropoceno que, a par de uma Arqueologia Contemporânea, é defendida como sendo um passo necessário a aplicar para a disciplina em geral. Passando pela noção de tempo, por uma identidade própria e pelos novos contactos com a materialidade, o texto procura oferecer uma perspetiva sobre os problemas e possibilidades da etapa cunhada como sendo o período de grande transformação nos sistemas ecológicos a nível planetário e a sua ligação às práticas arqueológicas.
A morte do homem no Antropoceno
Authors: Ferreira Filipe
Published: January 2024

Por ‘homem’ quero dizer, seguindo Michel Foucault em Les mots et les choses, uma criação particular do pensamento europeu, que data do final do século XVIII, onde o homem aparece como o actor principal de uma nova episteme, a ‘moderna’. É ele que acredito estar hoje a viver o acontecimento da sua morte, mesmo quando o reprime violentamente, ou melhor, ‘necropoliticamente’, para usar uma concepção introduzida recentemente por Achille Mbembe.
Effect of Set Size and Fertilizer Type on Off- Season Onion (Allium cepa. L) Production
Authors: Elshukry Elsadig E. E. , Elhag Ayoub Z. , Mohammedali Aisha A.
Published: January 2024

Two off-season experiments were conducted during 2015/16 and 2017/18 at Shambat Research Station Farm, Khartoum, Sudan, to investigate the effects of large (2-3 cm) and small (1-2 cm) sets size of onion variety Baftaim (S) and two chemical fertilizer (Urea 240 kg/ha) and NPK(15:15:15) (120 kg/ha) in addition to organic fertilizer (Elkhaseeb 20 tons/ha) and their combinations (Urea+ Elkhaseeb and NPK+Elkhaseeb) on off-season production. The experimental units were in split plot design, with set size and fertilizers as main and sub plots, respectively, with three replications. The yield was evaluated as bulb weight and yield/ha, whereas, the quality was evaluated as marketable and percentage of double and bolted bulbs, TSS and dry matter. The results reflected no significant differences in bulb weight due to set size, fertilizer type and their interactions, however, the heaviest bulbs were obtained by Elkhaseeb + urea and its interaction with the large set size in both seasons. The small set size gave the highest yield, organic fertilizer (Elkhaseeb) alone or in combination with urea gave the highest yield, whereas, the lowest one was obtained with the combination of organic fertilizer with N P K. The bulb quality was also affected by set size and fertilizer type as the highest marketable yield was obtained by small set size and fertilizer combination (organic + urea) or urea alone. No significant effects on TSS and dry matter percentage due to set size, fertilizer type and their interactions were noticed. The highest marketable yield, TSS and dry matter were obtained by Elkhaseeb (organic fertilizer) with mineral fertilizers (urea or NPK) with the small set size rather than organic or mineral fertilizer alone. It could be concluded and recommended that onion set size of about 1-2cm diameter with an organic - mineral fertilizer combination could improve off-season onion yield and quality. However, further studies are required to find the proper fertilizers dose.
Effects of Seed bed, Cultivars and Seed rates on Yield and Quality of Onion Sets (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Mohammedali Aisha A. , Elshukry Elsadig. E. E. , Alamin Abdellatief M. , Z. Elhag Ayoub
Published: January 2024

Field experiments were conducted during three successive winter seasons 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012 /13, at Shambat Research Station Farm on clay loam soil pH 7.8, to study the effects of seed bed, cultivars and seed rates and their interactions on onion set yield and quality. Two seed bed (flat and ridge), two cultivars Kamleen and Baftaim (S) and three seed rates 4, 8, 12 g / m² (40, 80, 120 kg / ha) were tested. The experimental design used was 2*2*3 Factorial in spilt-split plot design with four replications. Yield was evaluated as set yield t / ha, whereas, quality was evaluated as percentage of large (2.9-2.0 cm) and medium (1.9-1.0 cm) set size according to diameter and average of single set weight (g). Cultivar Baftaim (S) gave the highest set yield t/ha and average of single set weight in the three seasons. The seed rate of 4 g/m² (40 kg / ha) resulted in highest average of single set weight and the highest number percentage of large set size. Increasing the seed rate increased set number and quality; the seed rate 12 g/m² (120 kg/ha) gave the highest percentage of medium set size.
Primary Breast Sarcoma
Authors: Manalo Igot Mary Ondinee , Fernando Gracieux Y.
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Primary sarcomas of the breast are <0.1% of all malignant tumours of the breast. To date, there are 13 major breast sarcoma series in English literature. This study adds to these series characterizing primary breast sarcoma among Philippine patients.

Methods
All breast biopsies from the pathology records of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) were searched for breast sarcoma cases from January 2000 to December 2010. Metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumors were excluded.

Results
There were 52 patients (45 female, 7 male) ranging in age 25-83 years (median 46 years). Majority had lump, ten cases with pain. No history of previous cancer was given. No history of prior radiation was found. Histopathological diagnoses were spindle cell sarcoma (n=13), fibrosarcoma (n=6), liposarcoma (n=6), MPNST (n=5), stromal sarcoma (n=5), angiosarcoma (n=4), MFH (n=4), leiomyosarcoma (n=3), rhabdomyosarcoma (n=3), chondrosarcoma (n=2), and synovial sarcoma (n=1). Tumors were with grade 1 (n=18), grade 2 (n=8), and grade 3 (n=10). Necrosis was noted in 6 cases. Simple mastectomy was done in 19 cases (37%), MRM in 31 cases (59%), while 2 far advanced had no surgery (3%). None had adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The duration of follow-up for 45 patients ranged from 1 – 117 months, excluding those who were lost to follow-up. All 15 deaths were due to progressive disease. Recurrences were observed in 9 patients. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was 73%and 75%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, DFS and OS were significantly correlated with size (HR=113.63; p=0.019 and HR=77.36; p=0.037), grade (HR=20.73 ; p=0.003andHR= 39.57; p= 0.004), and having a histology of angiosarcoma (HR=35.20 ; p=0.005and HR= 50.74; p=0.007), respectively.

Conclusion
Sarcoma remains an important clinical entity among primary breast cancers.
Evolution of Janus Kinase 2 V617F-negative idiopathic myelofibrosis into Philadelphia+ chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Partanen Anu , Jantunen Esa
Published: January 2024

Limited data exist on the mechanisms promoting clonal expression of BCR-ABL1 cells in various myeloproliferative disorders. We present a patient whose Janus Kinase (JAK) 2 V617F-negative idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) transformed to Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

A 55-year-old man had anemia and splenomegaly. Trephine biopsy showed excess fibrosis without a JAK2 V617F mutation. Diagnosis of high-risk IMF with t(3;12) and del(16q) was made. Five years later a repeated trephine biopsy showed extensive fibrosis and t(9;22) with der(22)t(9;22). BCR-ABL1 fusion gene with typical p210 fusion transcript was found resulting in the diagnosis of CML. A modest treatment response was achieved with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, but the disease eventually progressed to a myeloid blast phase. With AML-based chemotherapy plus azacytidine and a second generation TKI the patient survived for years but succumbed 11 years after the initial diagnosis.

Clonal evolution may cause atypical disease characteristics or a poor response to targeted therapy in myeloproliferative disorders.
Profile of Children with Covid 19 Infection in our Set Up
Authors: kaur Baljinder , kaur Navpreet
Published: January 2024

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues to rise and a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. In humans, COVIDs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and even death. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. in our study , we consider the symptomatology , complications and mortality patterns of this disease in children.
A Data Mining Methodology for Detecting Conspiracy Theories from Scientific Articles: The Covid-19 Case
Authors: Isea Raúl , Mayo-García Rafael
Published: January 2024

The goal is to do a text mining analysis of all scientific publications and find out what journal and what aspects are studying about the conspiracy theories of Covid-19. For this purpose, all publications available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were consulted as they were peer-reviewed papers. Of all these papers, only the abstracts of each one were studied using artificial intelligence techniques to determine, for example, whether the subject is of importance depending on the journals where it has been published, and above all, what possible relationships could be extracted from the information published in them. In addition, the "Net Prevalence per Covid19" index was definedin those countries with a high value, greater campaigns should be sponsored to avoid the misinformation generated by Covid-19, although this comment should be verified in future publications. The main challenge was to unify the abstracts and for this purpose, a text summarizer was used under artificial intelligence schemes. The results obtained indicate the tendency of certain topics by the frequency of the words obtained where the focus on the conspiration are the Covid-19 vaccines, but further work is still needed to continue working on this methodology to unify the results.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Lwów (1608-1800)
Authors: De la Croix David
Published: January 2024

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Lwów from its inception in 1608 to the end of the premodern period (1800).
The History of the Passage of the Legislation Authorizing the Optometric Use of Therapeutic Drugs
Authors: Amos John F.
Published: January 2024

Some 20 years after passing legislation authorizing the use of drugs for diagnostic purposes by optometrists in Alabama, legislation was enacted by the Alabama legislature that authorized the use of therapeutic drugs. The history of events that preceded the passage of this legislation, the development of a plan to successfully achieve this goal, and the actions of the Alabama legislature during the legislative session are discussed in this article. The plan developed for this legislation may serve as a guide to any state optometric organization desiring to enact expansion of scope legislation.
Integrating Education and Responsibility: Enhancing Carbon Neutrality through CSR, EnEd, and USR Synergies
Authors: Bhattacharya Saurav
Published: January 2024

This article explores the dynamic relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Environmental Education (EnEd), and carbon neutrality in the industrial sector, with a special focus on the enhancing role of University Social Responsibility (USR). Through a detailed analysis of various case studies, we examine how integrated CSR and EnEd approaches contribute to effective carbon-zero/negative initiatives. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data, and includes insights from a comprehensive literature review of USR case studies focused on environmental sustainability. Findings reveal that EnEd significantly influences CSR strategies, which in turn impact carbon neutrality efforts. The introduction of USR is proposed as a key component to strengthen this sequential link, fostering a more holistic approach to sustainability. Novel recommendations for future academic research and strategic directions are presented, emphasizing interdisciplinary studies, technological integration in sustainability efforts, and the importance of aligning educational initiatives with corporate environmental goals. The article contributes to the ongoing discourse on CSR and EnEd’s role in achieving environmental sustainability, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts between academia, industry, and policymakers in fostering a sustainable future.
Česká právní terminologie na cestě k Leopoldu Heyrovskému
Authors: Falada David
Published: January 2024

The paper contemplates the importance of Leopold Heyrovský’s position as one of the most influential professors at Charles University in the late 1800s. His textbook, as the first Czech-language textbook of Roman law, was first published in a position to be able to set forth the thesaurus of the Czech private-law legal terminology which is still used today. In this context, the paper offers an overview of the preceding position of the Czech language in the legal system.
Antonín Švehla a pozapomenuté diskuze, osnovy a návrhy realizovaných i nerealizovaných zákonodárných projektů jeho doby
Authors: Šouša Jiří
Published: January 2024

The article deals with selected forgotten discussions on legal and sub-legal projects in period 1918–1929 when Antonín Švehla held important state executive positions. It draws attention to the importance of Antonín Švehla for the legislation and interpretation of law, and also tries to highlight specific significant projects from that period that are important for the trends in the development of legal sectors, especially in the sectors of labour law and social security in Czechoslovakia. The article provides some new insights into the history of law in the Czech lands in the first half of the 20th century, e.g., the considerations on the creation of the Labour Code as early as in the 1920s, the public law aspects of labour law and their abandonment, efforts to unify social security legislation, etc. It refers to the important institutions that were to influence the shape of commercial and trade law, as well as labour relations, at the beginning of the Czechoslovak Republic. The efforts to abolish the death penalty are also mentioned in the article. The article does not limit itself to normativity, but also considers interest, socio-economic and other extra-legal influences on the shape of the legal order.
Knížecí spravedlnost. Soudnictví ve Valdštejnově Frýdlantském vévodství
Authors: Starý Marek
Published: January 2024

The Principality (later the Duchy) of Frýdlant existed only briefly, not much more than 10 years. Nevertheless, during this time, a number of remarkable legal monuments were created on its soil, including a draft of its own land constitution, which included a peculiar regulation of court proceedings. It is the knowledge of the Frýdlant judiciary from various perspectives that is the subject of this study, which aims to provide an overview of its personnel, normative and factual aspects. It begins with a brief analysis of the degree of independence of the judiciary and Wallenstein’s “happy land” in general, followed by three further sections in the sense described above. In the first, the judicial tribunal, also called the government (Regierung) and combining in its hands – with the omission of the landlord himself, of course – the highest judicial and executive powers, is introduced in some detail. The content of those articles of the above-mentioned land constitution which concerned jurisdiction and procedural law is reproduced. Finally, attention is also paid to the real form of the judiciary, taking into account the materials preserved in the separate Valdštejniana fund in the National Archives. However, these are rather only some basic theses, because the scope of these materials clearly requires further, extensive research (which can be stated mutatis mutandis also about the whole history of the Duchy of Frýdlant).
Spravedlnost dekonstrukce, dekonstrukce spravedlnosti. K Derridově koncepci spravedlnosti
Authors: Vacura Miroslav
Published: January 2024

The study is devoted to Derrida’s conception of normativity, focusing on his intervention in jurisprudence through reinterpretation of the concept of justice, which had a major influence on American critical legal studies theorists. A short introduction setting the topic into a broader context is followed by a section providing a brief overview of Derrida’s essential conceptual apparatus and the explanation of the method of deconstruction. In the next section, we identify two complementary ways in which Derrida understands the concept of justice: the first identifies justice directly with deconstruction, and thus centers normativity in Derrida’s own philosophical project; the second connects the concept of justice to the idea of infinity, and thus refers to Lévinas’ philosophy. In the conclusion of the text, we summarize the most significant responses and critical reactions to Derrida’s conception and consider whether it can provide guidance for judicial decision-making, as some theorists have suggested.
Niezwykła piłkarska historia Basków
Authors: Kubiaczyk Filip
Published: January 2024

Joseba Gotzon Varela, Los gudaris del balón. Selección Euzkadi 1937-1939, Txalaparta, Tafalla 2022, ss. 208 + ilustracje
Pocztówka znad krawędzi
Authors: Olchówka Anna
Published: January 2024

Diego Mariottini, Díos, patria y muerte. El fútbol en la guerra de los Balcanes, Altamarea, Madryt 2021, ss. 237.
Saudyjskie spojrzenie na indyjskie możliwości jako droga do przyszłości
Authors: Pietrasik Kamil
Published: January 2024

Recenzja:P.R. Kumaraswamy, Md. Muddassir Quamar, India’s Saudi Policy. Bridge to the Future, Wydawnictwo Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore 2019, ss. 327.
“Some are guilty but all are responsible” – A.J. Heschel’s opposition to all forms of persecution
Authors: Szczerbiński Waldemar
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of this article is to analyze racial persecution in the light of Heschel’s religious concept of equality. The Jewish thinker analyzes this problem based on the phenomenon of persecution of black people by the followers of monotheism in the United States, both by Jews and Christians. Heschel asks a fundamental question: How can a religious man persecute another man because of the color of his skin?
Preparation and performance of stainless steel fiber/Lyocell fiber-blended weft-knitted fabric
Authors: Yan Taohai , Wu Yingzi , Li Renzhi , Wu Yongze , Shi Yajing , Huang Luming , Chen Zhi
Published: January 2024

Stainless steel fiber exhibits excellent flame retardancy and melting resistance, but it lacks thermal and moisture comfort. To compensate for these shortcomings, stainless steel fiber was blended with Lyocell fiber in ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70%. The blended yarn was then formed into a single-sided plain stitch fabric of stainless steel fiber and finished with a phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant. Next, the effects of the blending ratio on the fundamental properties, thermal and moisture comfort, and flame retardancy of the blended yarn and its fabric were studied. Considering these parameters alongside cost, the 10% stainless steel fiber-blended fabric was the optimal choice and showed potential applications for updating and upgrading welding service fabrics.
Non-traditional Diplomacy and the Construction of China-Arab Community With a Shared Future
Authors: Liu Chen
Published: January 2024

Compared with the traditional diplomacy based on the behavior of national leaders and professional diplomats, non-traditional diplomacy relies on more diverse actors such as political officials, well-known scholars, academic institutions, business elites, ethnic groups, and media organizations to carry out strategic communication, policy interpretation, agenda setting and other practices with the people of other countries, so as to achieve the purpose of guiding public opinion and influencing government decision-making. During the development of relations between China and Arab countries, non-traditional diplomatic practices carried out in the form of government public relations, international communication, people-to-people exchanges, cultural and educational exchanges, which has effectively promoted policy communication, people-to-people and conceptual exchanges between China and Arab states. With the continuous deepening of the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, non-traditional diplomacy will play a positive role in enhancing political trust, promoting economic and trade benefits, and fostering mutual appreciation of civilization, to expand the practical path, innovate the institutional mechanism and consolidate the foundation of public opinion for the construction of China-Arab community with a shared future.
The Study on Efforts of Chinese Education Reform
Authors: Zidane Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Confucianism imposes a great influence on Chinese ongoing educational reform. Based on Confucianism, Chinese education presented a lot of characteristics in line with the social needs and era characteristics. This paper reviews the development course of Chinese educational reform from the era of Confucius to new culture movement, from the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, which marked China’s entry into a new era, and summarizes the essential characteristics, achievements, and challenges in the reform. It indicates that the goal of all these educational reforms is to continuously reform and improve the education system and make it in line with the emerging conditions and lived reality, in order to build a society of truth, goodness, and hard work.
Neurofilament light protein as a biomarker for spinal muscular atrophy: a review and reference ranges
Authors: Bayoumy Sherif , Verberk Inge M.W. , Vermunt Lisa , Willemse Eline , den Dulk Ben , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Pajkrt Dasja , Nitz Elisa , van den Hout Johanna M.P. , van der Post Julie , Wolf Nicole I. , Beerepoot Shanice , Groen Ewout J.N. , Tüngler Victoria , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: January 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, characterized by progressive neuromuscular degeneration resulting from mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN1) gene. The availability of disease-modifying therapies for SMA therapies highlights the pressing need for easily accessible and cost-effective blood biomarkers to monitor treatment response and for better disease management. Additionally, the wide implementation of newborn genetic screening programs in Western countries enables presymptomatic diagnosis of SMA and immediate treatment administration. However, the absence of monitoring and prognostic blood biomarkers for neurodegeneration in SMA hinders effective disease management. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in SMA and reflects disease progression in children with SMA undergoing treatment. Recently, the European Medicines Agency issued a letter of support endorsing the potential utilization of NfL as a biomarker of pediatric neurological diseases, including SMA. Within this review, we comprehensively assess the potential applications of NfL as a monitoring biomarker for disease severity and treatment response in pediatric-onset SMA. We provide reference ranges for normal levels of serum based NfL in neurologically healthy children aged 0–18 years. These reference ranges enable accurate interpretation of NfL levels in children and can accelerate the implementation of NfL into clinical practice.
Living a storied life: An interview with Mike Baynham
Authors: Gintsburg Sarali , Baynham Mike
Published: January 2024

Mike Baynham is Emeritus Professor of TESOL at the University of Leeds, a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and former Chair of the British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL). He was a Visiting Professor at York St John University (2020–2023) and an Honorary Professor at the University of Sydney (2019–2022). His recent publications include: Narrating Migrations from Africa and the Middle East: A Spatio-Temporal Approach (with R. Breeze and S. Gintsburg, Bloomsbury, 2022) and Translation and Translanguaging (with T. K. Lee, Routledge, 2019). In retirement he has become engaged with writing and translating poetry and various types of performance. He translates from Spanish and Arabic mainly and has published translations of the poetry of the Moroccan poet Abdallah Zrika (Baynham 2020). He is currently translating the poetry of the Moroccan zajal poet Adil Latefi and the Kurdish Syrian poet Ceger Hillo. His translation of a poem by Adil was awarded second prize in the 2023 Stephen Spender Poetry Competition. He works as a poetry editor at The Other Side of Hope magazine, setting up a bilingual poetry section, working title Other Tongue/Mother Tongue. In this interview, Mike first elaborates on the reasons behind his involvement with narrative studies and how it became clear that the Labovian model of narrative is not always valid with all types of narrative data. He then reflects on the definition of narrative, the role space and time have in it and offers, as an example of non-linear narrative a “picaresque” story, in the Arab tradition of storytelling. In conclusion Mike offers his vision of the future of narrative studies.
Whose uncertainty? Addressing the intersectional reader through the wound of trauma
Authors: Park Sowon S.
Published: January 2024

Few measures are more emblematic of the desire to curb uncertainty than trigger warnings issued in the literary classroom. But do they establish more certainty? A growing body of empirical research is showing that trigger warnings are “functionally inert.” Furthermore, in some studies they have been shown to increase PTSD symptoms. Against this background, this paper takes the rise in demand for trigger warnings as a window into Gen Z reader’s relationship to uncertainty and directs attention to the problem that trigger warnings aim to mitigate but are failing to alleviate – an “epidemic of trauma” in the classroom, as identified by the US National Council of State Education Association (NCSEA). Illuminating trauma as a neglected issue in narrative studies, this paper takes an intersectionally situated perspective to reappraise general propositions about the Reader in order to move towards a trauma-informed approach to teaching narrative in the classroom.
Getting out of history: Levitation and paralysis in Sebald and Nabokov
Authors: Biti Vladimir
Published: January 2024

Nabokov and Sebald confronted the dark sides of their national histories and tried to exempt themselves from them. Nabokov liberated himself from its burden by escaping into levitation, whereas Sebald’s willing exposure to its consequences ended in paralysis. Nabokov appears in his Emigrants as the equivocal figure of the ‘butterfly man’ who is simultaneously mobilizing and immobilizing. This is like the Russian writer himself, who used to adopt butterflies’ metamorphoses as a writer and paralyze them as a lepidopterist. Contrary to him, Sebald was horrified by their immobilization and sincerely empathized with them. Eluding the detached position of an ultimate authority and making his author deeply attached to all kinds of ‘nocturnal’ creatures, he created an unreliable but indispensable narrative agency. If Nabokov was at pains to deaden the uneasy memories of his past in order to relieve the present of their contamination, Sebald took the other way around, adhering to the most painful of them in order to enlighten their subterranean existence. He was committed to manifest these deeply buried remnants via his protagonists and narrators, however this amounted to the expulsion of those among them that had no other choice but to stick to life in darkness.
Shared-radiator design of broadband and dual-mode antenna for personal role radio applications
Authors: Wang Guanjun , Zhu Liang , Xie Yayun , Lu Chao
Published: January 2024

Shared-radiator design of a broadband and dual-mode antenna that simultaneously covers the VHF/UHF band and satellite navigation band is presented for personal role radio (PRR) applications. Quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) is devised to be a circularly polarized radiator which as well acts as a part of the upper half radiation arm of the dipole antenna and be equivalent to a linearly polarized radiation current carrier at VHF/UHF band, forming a symmetrical dipole antenna with a sinusoidal current distribution. A 5th-order balanced matching network comprised of five cascade L-sections is adopted to obtain the maximum possible working band-width and a 3.76:1 band-width (116 %) at VHF/UHF band is achieved. Strong mutual coupling effect of the two operating modes is observed near 1.5 GHz originated from QHA shared-radiator design, and a new balun structure is applied to achieve high isolation and self-decoupling, subsequently |S21| of the two operating modes is significantly reduced from about −18 dB to below −32 dB at satellite navigation band without affecting the reflection coefficient and radiation efficiency. The measured results show that radiation patterns of the manufactured prototype is basically consistent with corresponding simulation counterparts.
De-chlorination of poly(vinyl) chloride using Fe2O3 and the improvement of chlorine fixing ratio in FeCl2 by SiO2 addition
Authors: Hong Lan , Li Tai-lin , Ye Lin-hai
Published: January 2024

A quantitative investigation of poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) de-chlorination using Fe2O3, together with the impact of SiO2 addition on the co-pyrolysis of PVC and Fe2O3, was conducted below 673 K in an Ar atmosphere aiming to cut the emission of gaseous Cl⁻ products. It was found that chlorine in PVC can be fixed in FeCl2 by the reaction between PVC and Fe2O3. The co-pyrolysis of PVC and Fe2O3 proceeds in two stages with a temperature boundary of around 543 K. Below 543 K, a direct reaction occurs between PVC and Fe2O3, resulting in a small mass loss ratio and some extent of chlorine fixing ratio in FeCl2. However, above 543 K, PVC starts to decompose to release gaseous H2, HCl, etc., which react with Fe2O3 through two possible pathways to form FeCl2. In Pathway 1, first Fe2O3 is reduced to Fe3O4 by H2, followed by the chlorination of Fe3O4 to FeCl2 by HCl. In Pathway 2, first Fe2O3 is chlorinated to FeCl3 by HCl, followed by the reduction of FeCl3 to FeCl2 by H2. The chlorine fixing ratio in FeCl2 and the volatile generation ratio increase with decreasing PVC content in the initial mixtures. The addition of SiO2 promotes the chlorine fixing ratio in FeCl2 and volatile generation, and the impact gets stronger with decreasing PVC content in the mixtures. The chlorine fixing ratio is increased from 70.8 to 82.6% by SiO2 addition for the mixtures containing 25% PVC, whereas the difference in the chlorine fixing ratio in FeCl2 caused by SiO2 addition is negligible for the mixtures containing 90% PVC. Fayalite (Fe2SiO4) was not detected in the solid residues after the experiments. After separating FeCl2 using water leaching, the filter residue, a composite of iron oxide and conjugated polyene, can be used as a raw material for iron-making.
Review of ocular alterations in bats in America and notes on a new case for Saccopteryx bilineata (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)
Authors: Herazo-Callejas Sebastián , Parejo-Tovar Miguel , Chacón-Pacheco Julio J.
Published: January 2024

Morphological abnormalities in bats are rarely reported and, particularly, ocular problems are relatively scarce in the literature. We present a review of the records of ocular alterations in bats of the American continent and document for the first time a case of ocular alteration in the species Saccopteryx bilineata in northern Colombia. In this study we found cases of corneal opacity (5/19 individuals), lesions and trauma, microphthalmia (4/19 individuals), anophthalmia (4/19 individuals) and adnexal diseases (2/19 individuals). We encourage researchers to report their observations of bats with ocular anomalies, as this information could be useful for estimating occurrence rates and addressing questions associated with the social behaviour of the species and on their effects on natural populations.
Inverse design of compact nonvolatile reconfigurable silicon photonic devices with phase-change materials
Authors: Wei Maoliang , Lin Xiaobin , Xu Kai , Wu Yingchun , Wang Chi , Wang Zijia , Lei Kunhao , Bao Kangjian , Li Junying , Li Lan , Li Erping , Lin Hongtao
Published: January 2024

In the development of silicon photonics, the continued downsizing of photonic integrated circuits will further increase the integration density, which augments the functionality of photonic chips. Compared with the traditional design method, inverse design presents a novel approach for achieving compact photonic devices. However, achieving compact, reconfigurable photonic devices with the inverse design that employs the traditional modulation method exemplified by the thermo-optic effect poses a significant challenge due to the weak modulation capability. Low-loss phase change materials (PCMs) exemplified by Sb2Se3 are a promising candidate for solving this problem benefiting from their high refractive index contrast. In this work, we first developed a robust inverse design method to realize reconfigurable silicon and phase-change materials hybrid photonic devices including mode converter and optical switch. The mode converter exhibits a broadband operation of >100 nm. The optical switch shows an extinction ratio of >25 dB and a multilevel switching of 41 (>5 bits) by simply changing the crystallinity of Sb2Se3. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a Sb2Se3/Si hybrid integrated optical switch for the first time, wherein routing can be switched by the phase transition of the whole Sb2Se3. Our work provides an effective solution for the design of photonic devices that is insensitive to fabrication errors, thereby paving the way for high integration density in future photonic chips.
Omega: Beziehungsgefüge und Organisationsformen einer künstlerischen Formation im frühen 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Söntgen Beate
Published: January 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht die Formation, also gleichermaßen die Genese und die Gestalt der Londoner Werkstatt ‚Omega‘ im frühen 20. Jahrhundert, die aus dem Bloomsbury Kreis hervorgegangen ist. Es handelt sich um einen dichten Zusammenhang von Lebens-, Arbeits- und Gestaltungsformen und das Zusammenspiel von affektiven und instrumentellen Beziehungsweisen auch in der Organisationsform, die durch weitgehende Strukturlosigkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Wie sich vor diesem Hintergrund Prozesse der Konstituierung, der Entscheidungsfindung und der oft verdeckten Hierarchiebildung in künstlerischen Gemeinschaften nachvollziehen lassen, wird vor der Folie der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um Kollektive entfaltet.
Variability in cross-language and cross-dialect perception. How Irish and Chinese migrants process Australian English vowels
Authors: Diskin-Holdaway Chloé , Loakes Debbie , Clothier Josh
Published: January 2024

We investigate how three adult groups – experienced L2 English listeners; experienced D2 (second dialect) listeners; and native L1/D1 listeners – categorise Australian English (AusE) lax front vowels /ɪ e æ/ in /hVt/, /hVl/ and /mVl/ environments in a forced-choice categorisation task of synthesised continua. In study 1, AusE listeners show predictable categorisations, with an effect of coarticulation raising the vowel in perception for nasal onset stimuli, and a following lateral lowering the vowel in perception. In study 2, Irish (D2) and Chinese listeners (L2) have different categorisations than AusE listeners, likely guided by their D1/L1. Coarticulation influences the D1/D2 groups in similar ways, but results in more difficulty and less agreement for the Chinese. We also investigate the role of extralinguistic factors. For the Chinese listeners, higher proficiency in English does not correlate with more Australian-like categorisation behaviour. However, having fewer Chinese in their social network results in more Australian-like categorisation for some stimuli. These findings lend partial support to the role of experience and exposure in L2/D2 contexts, whereby categorisation is likely still driven by native categories, with increased exposure leading to better mapping, but not to a restructuring of underlying phonetic categories.
Subaltern Soundtracks
Authors: Marez Curtis
Published: January 2024

This essay suggests that the postrevolutionary Mexican presence in Los Angeles profoundly influenced the emergence and consolidation of film and other media there. In the 1930s, Anglo Americans and Mexicans were in conflict and competition over how to use new forms of audio mass media such as radio and sound films. Mexican movie programmers and audiences in Los Angeles appropriated early sound films in ways that addressed immigrant concerns and contradicted emergent Hollywood norms of exhibition and spectatorship. Mainstream responses to such practices suggest that dominant uses of sound in film exercised an ideological police power that was ultimately aimed at symbolically containing Mexican dissent.
Reassessing Pocho Poetics
Authors: Olguín B. V.
Published: January 2024

This essay examines Américo Paredes’s first collection of poetry, Cantos de adolescencia (1937), alongside his second poetry anthology, Between Two Worlds (1991), in light of materials from the recently opened Américo Paredes archives. Whereas current scholarship celebrates Paredes’s hybrid poetics, anti-imperialist diatribes, and transnational allusions, Paredes’s poetic corpus, when seen in its entirety, reveals itself to be undergirded by contradictory trajectories that revolve around his semi-autobiographical poetic persona, the pocho. I show how Paredes’s attempts to symbolically empower the dispossessed pocho through antithetical representations—ultranationalist, transnationalist, and highly masculinist—ultimately render this figure ideologically inchoate. His discourses on Mexican American identity thus demand a reassessment of the pocho as an icon for Chicana/o literary and cultural studies.
Repartitioning the National Community
Authors: Galindo René
Published: January 2024

The historic immigration rights marches of 2006 placed the plight of undocumented immigrants in the national spotlight. Competing interpretations of the marches focused in part on the waving of Mexican flags by marchers. While some English-language media critics saw the flags as expressing political disloyalty to the United States, the marchers and Spanish-language media said they stood for cultural identity and familial pride. Both of these interpretations obscured the political agency of the marchers, who sought to create visibility and political presence for undocumented immigrants and oppose their criminalization and political exclusion. This essay uses a performance perspective to analyze the Mexican flag as a visual symbol of the political agency, voice, and visibility of undocumented immigrants. Images of the flag in the media served as proxy for the visual emergence of undocumented immigrants from the “shadows of society” onto the national broadcast/political stage. Negative reactions against the Mexican flag responded to a repartitioning of the national community in the broadcast visual/political field, which French philosopher Jacques Rancière termed “the partition of the perceptible,” that presented undocumented immigrants not as a voiceless and faceless mass of laborers but as political agents engaged in the enactment of rights.
The Ideal Immigrant
Authors: Theresa Delgadillo
Published: January 2024

The public discourse about immigration in the United States has long been fraught with xenophobia and racism. Since 9/11, moreover, the immigration issue has been firmly linked to questions of national security in the public imagination. In this recent period, the state has asserted extraordinary controls over immigrants and citizens that affect the discourse of immigration and the very notion of citizenship. How do representations and self-representations of Latina/os in the United States address this political and social climate? And how do new delimitations of citizenship, narratives of national security, and debates around immigration influence our self-representation? This essay examines recent literary and visual self-constructions by Latina/os in two photographic narratives, Americanos and Mexican Chicago, and a book of essays titled The New Americans. Locating these texts at the juncture of the immigration debate, institutionalization of Latina/o histories and literatures, and contemporary politics, this essay examines the mythos of the “ideal immigrant” that is central to U.S. self-definition as it appears in Latina/o texts. This work finds that Latina/o constructions of this idealized figure inject more expansive transnational notions of citizenship into the public debate yet frequently reinscribe the discourses of exclusion at its core.
Narratives of Assimilation, Divergence, and Hybridity
Authors: Alvarado Emmanuel , Nehring Daniel
Published: January 2024

Our study explored cultural understandings surrounding the reproductive decisions of US-born, college-educated Mexican American women through a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. In considering the results, this article advances debates on Latina women’s reproductive choices beyond the theoretical paradigms of “assimilation” and “divergence” prevalent in the academic literature. Analysis of emergent themes in the interviews identified cultural tension between a desire for family formation and expansion, motivated by a deep-seated attachment to family, and the socioeconomic constraints imposed by professional careers. We suggest that family size choices among educated Mexican American women result from the dynamic interaction between the history and cultural traditions of Mexican Americans, on the one hand, and the pressures of socioeconomic and cultural assimilation, on the other. We conclude that the cultural understandings surrounding the fertility choices of college-educated Mexican American women reflect the hybridity and difference found within their liminal space of American culture—not simply Mexican, not simply middle-class American, and certainly not simply “divergent” or “assimilationist.”
The Necessary Theater of the Royal Chicano Air Force
Authors: Diaz Ella Maria
Published: January 2024

Drawing on Jorge Huerta’s concept of necessary theater, this essay contends that performances of the Royal Chicano Air Force’s collective persona paralleled performances of the farmworker actos pioneered by El Teatro Campesino. Through visualizations, performances, and articulations of the air force persona, the RCAF enacted a defense against physical violence and the destruction of Chicana/o art in the 1970s and also negotiated the group’s gender dynamics. The essay concludes by documenting an RCAF performance that used the rasquache aesthetic of farmworker actos to reject the mainstream media’s portrayal of a militant madness in the Chicano movement.
The Lexicon of Clandestine Migration on the Mexico-US Border
Authors: Spener David
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes the origins, usage, and connotations of a variety of official and colloquial terms in Spanish and English that are used routinely in the vernacular lexicon describing the clandestine migration of Mexicans to the United States. It argues that scholars of Chicana/o, border, and migration studies need to pay greater attention to the language describing clandestine migration in order to better understand how migration insiders and outsiders construct their respective versions of the reality of migration practices. The focus is on Spanish-language terms that are used to refer to migrants and the service providers they hire to help them reach their destinations in the United States, emphasizing the implications that the use of each term has for the framing of the migration experience. Terms for migrants discussed in the essay include mojados, mojarras, patos, pollos, and alambristas. Terms for migration facilitators include traficantes, contrabandistas, bajadores, pasadores, pateros, polleros, and coyotes. In addition, the article considers some of ways in which these terms relate to one another in the discourse of clandestine migration.
Decolonizing Intimacies
Authors: Garza Sandra D.
Published: January 2024

This essay explores colorism, or the ranking of individuals based on skin color or racialized phenotype, with a focus on women of Mexican descent. I offer a history of skin color consciousness, linking it to Spanish and Anglo American colonial beliefs about the value of women as reproductive objects and to contemporary articulations of lived experiences with colorism. First, I trace colorism historically, considering how discourses of difference built on sixteenth-century notions of gendered contamination and nineteenthcentury notions of purity and prestige were used to construct and privilege whiteness. Next, I draw from interviews with four women who self-identify as Mexican-descent to document how personal experiences with colorism are remembered and understood. These narratives reveal the importance of the family as an institution within which a collective memory of historical white supremacy is continuously performed through colorism. The recognition that colorism is both reproduced and resisted through intimate familial relations opens a space to ask questions about the relationships between contemporary experience and histories of colonization and suggests, finally, that the family is a critical site for decolonial healing.
Collective Efficacy for Community Change in Response to Immigrant Stigma Stress
Authors: Romero Andrea J. , Anguas Monica Moreno , O’Leary Anna , Covarrubias Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Many studies have discussed the stress and stigma created by immigration enforcement policies such as Arizona SB 1070. Yet few studies have examined sources of resilience to immigrant stigma stress among low-income Mexican-descent communities. In two recent studies, we examined how community members in a low-income ethnic enclave in Arizona experienced stress from SB 1070 and the mitigating role of perceived collective efficacy (i.e., the belief that a community can come together for the common good), in combination with factors such as confidence in local police enforcement, neighborhood safety, and neighborhood cohesion. Study 1 was conducted in 2010, immediately after approval of SB 1070, and Study 2 was conducted two years later. In Study 1, more immigrant stigma stress was associated with less confidence in police among adults, but more confidence in police among youth. In both Study 1 and Study 2, higher collective efficacy was associated with the lowest levels of immigrant stigma stress across all levels of neighborhood safety and neighborhood cohesion. We discuss the importance of collective efficacy for the resilience, health, and well-being of Mexican-descent communities.