bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAN FEMINISM BE CONSIDERED A MAINSTREAM THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?
Authors: Yesyca Mita
Published: December 2019

The growth of Feminism which has given rise to a new study in the International Relations (IR) field is worth to follow. Not only since it is able to contribute to the academic discipline of IR in theoretically challenging the traditional approach to understand the world politics, but also since it is able to contribute practically because of its nature as a socio-political movement. Nevertheless, in the IR itself there is always a question concerning the possibility of Feminism to be considered a mainstream theory. This article tries to discuss the theoretical contribution of, as well as some issues followed, the development of Feminism in the study of international relations all this time. It finally argues that Feminism can be considered a mainstream theory of international relations so long as there are conversations between traditional theories of international relations and feminists theories of international relations.

 

Keywords: Feminism, International Relations, mainstream theory

 

 

Abstrak

 

Perkembangan Feminisme yang telah melahirkan suatu kajian baru dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional (HI) layak untuk disimak. Tak hanya karena ia mampu menyumbang secara teoritis kepada disipilin ilmu HI dalam menantang pendekatan tradisional untuk memahami politik dunia, tetapi juga karena ia mampu menyumbang secara praktis mengingat bahwa sejatinya ia merupakan sebuah gerakan sosial-politis. Meski demikian, dalam HI sendiri selalu ada pertanyaan mengenai peluang Feminisme untuk diterima sebagai sebuah teori yang lazim. Tulisan ini mencoba mendiskusikan sumbangan teoritis dari, sekaligus perdebatan-perdebatan yang mengikuti, perkembangan Feminisme dalam kajian hubungan internasional selama ini. Argumen yang dibangun pada akhirnya ialah bahwa Feminisme dapat dianggap sebagai sebuah teori tentang hubungan internasional yang lazim sepanjang terdapat percakapan antara teori tentang hubungan internasional tradisional dan teori feminis tentang hubungan internasional.

 

Kata kunci: Feminisme, Hubungan Internasional, teori mainstream
THE DECONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: CASE STUDY OF PEAT RESTORATION AGENCY
Authors: Robertua Verdinand
Published: December 2019

Forest fires in 2015 in Indonesia has destructed severely Indonesian peat and forest. Peat Restoration Agency was established to restore degraded peat and protect the remaining intact peat. The problem is that Indonesia has complex political administration and isolated peatland. Meanwhile there is significant wave of states retreat from global environmental governance. This research would like assess the performance of global environmental governance using the case study of Peat Restoration Agency.

This research is a qualitative study with the emphasis of conceptual and theoretical development. Environmental Studies of English School and global environmental governance are the theoretical and conceptual focus respectively. Primary data is collected through semi-structured interview with head of Peat Restoration Agency, environmental activists in WWF Indonesia, WALHI and Greenpeace Indonesia.

There are two key finding in this research. Firstly, the absence of immutability thesis is essential for expanding pluralism in Environmental Studies of English School (ESES). Secondly, deconstruction and reconstruction of global environmental governance has implication toward the reconstruction of environmental diplomacy.

Keywords: Peat Restoration Agency, Environmental Studies of English School, environmental diplomacy, Global Environmental Governance, peatland

Abstrak

Kebakaran hutan yang terjadi pada tahun 2015 telah menghancurkan lahan gambut yang sangat luas. Merespons kerusakan tersebut, Badan Restorasi Gambut dibentuk dengan tujuan memulihkan lahan gambut yang rusak dan melindungi lahan gambut yang utuh. Inisiatif ini menghadapi masalah dimana Indonesia memiliki sistem pemerintahan yang kompleks dan lahan gambut yang sulit diakses dari pusat pemerintahan. Tata kelola lingkungan global juga menghadapi masalah dimana negara anggotanya memilih untuk bersikap pasif. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kinerja dari tata kelola lingkungan global melalui studi kasus Badan Restorasi Gambut.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu pengembangan konsep tata kelola lingkungan global dan teori Environmental Studies of English School. Data primer diperoleh melalui serangkaian wawancara dengan kepala Badan Restorasi Gambut, aktivis lingkungan WWF Indonesia, WALHI dan Greenpeace Indonesia

Terdapat dua kesimpulan yang diperoleh penelitian ini. Pertama, penghapusan immutability thesis merupakan bagian dari pengembangan pluralisme dalam Environmental Studies of English School. Kedua, dekonstruksi dan rekonstruksi tata kelola lingkungan global berimplikasi terhadap rekonstruksi diplomasi lingkungan.

Kata kunci: Badan Restorasi Gambut, Environmental Studies of English School, diplomasi lingkungan, tata kelola lingkungan global, lahan gambut
GEOPOLITIK TIONGKOK DI KAWASAN ASIA TENGGARA: JALUR PERDAGANGAN (OBOR)
Authors: Radityo Fransiskus , Rara Gabriella , Amelia Indah , Efraim Rifal
Published: December 2019

Dalam perkembangan dinamika politik internasional, Tiongkok merupakan salah satu negara yang mulai muncul dan berperan sebagai emerging power serta memiliki kekuatan ekonomi yang banyak memberikan pengaruh bagi sistem ekonomi dunia. Geopolitik merupakan bentuk dari implementasi politik suatu negara dengan pengaruh keadaan geografisnya. Keadaan geografis dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan suatu negara atas upaya mencapai kepentingannya. Untuk mewujudkan kepentingannya maka Tiongkok menggunakan geostrategi. Perkembangan geostrategi politik Tiongkok sendiri dapat dilihat dari masa sejarah Tiongkok dimana sudah mulai adanya pertimbangan kebijakan yang menyesuaikan kondisi geografis. Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat dari bagaimana Tiongkok mampu memetakan jalur perdagangannya yang diperkenalkan dengan sebutan jalur sutra atau silk road. Di era Tiongkok modern atau kotemporer, Tiongkok semakin berkembang menjadi negara yang memiliki kemampuan bargaining power yang cukup kuat. Karena hal tersebut Tiongkok memetakan strateginya bukan hanya melihat dari aspek geografis namun juga melihat dari kondisi politik internasional.
FENOMENA INDO-PASIFIK DAN DIPLOMASI INDONESIA
Authors: Herindrasti Sinta
Published: December 2019

The emergence of the Indo-Pacific terminology since 2007 until 2013, which is still growing stronger up until now, has created a new â€œtensionâ€ dynamic among various actors in the region. The term Indo-Pacific at least reflects the exisiting new geopolitics transformation discourse in the regions between Indian and Pacific Oceans. With its strategic position, Indonesia is also active in the development of Indo-Pacificâ€™s discourse and diplomacy. Considering the broad geographical area coverage of the Indo-Pacific concept and various state-actors including involvement of their power distribution and structure, comprehensive and critical analysis of Indo-Pacific phenomenon observation are therefore required. What is the purpose of Indonesia through its Indo-Pacific diplomatic action? Are there any current urgent needs which warrant involvement in these broad geopolitical issues? Does Indo-Pacific answer the needs of Indonesia and ASEAN in the middle of their various multilateral agendas? This paper would like to elaborate on the importance of Indonesiaâ€™s or ASEANâ€™s  involvement in the Indo-Pacific by considering real situations, real needs and obstacles to be faced, especially in regards to politics-security challenges.

 

Keywords: Indo-Pacific Phenomenon, Indonesia Diplomacy

 

Abstrak

Kemunculan terminologi Indo-Pasifik sejak tahun 2007 hingga 2013 yang menguat hingga sekarang telah menciptakan dinamika â€œketeganganâ€ baru antar berbagai aktor kawasan. Istilah Indo-Pasifik setidaknya mencerminkan adanya diskursus transformasi geopolitik baru di kawasan antara lautan Hindia dan Pasifik tersebut. Tidak ketinggalan Indonesia dengan posisi strategisnya juga terlibat aktif dalam pengembangan diskursus dan diplomasi Indo-Pasifik. Menimbang luasnya cakupan area geografis konsep Indo-Pasifik dan banyaknya aktor negara termasuk distribusi power dan struktur yang akan terlibat, maka diperlukan analisis komprehensif kritis dalam melihat fenomena Indo-Pasifik. Apa sebenarnya tujuan Indonesia melalui aksi diplomasi Indo-Pasifik? Apakah ada kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak saat ini untuk terlibat dalam isu geopolitik yang sangat luas ini? Apakah Indo-Pasifik menjawab kebutuhan Indonesia dan ASEAN di tengah agenda multilateral yang sudah sedemikian banyak? Paper ini ingin melihat urgensi keterlibatan Indonesia/ASEAN dalam Indo-Pasifik dengan mempertimbangkan situasi dan kebutuhan nyata serta kendala yang akan dihadapi terutama terkait tantangan dimensi politik-keamanan (security).

Kata Kunci: Fenomena Indo-Pasifik, Diplomasi Indonesia
Physical exercises for patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis of hip and knee joints
Authors: Evstigneeva L. P. , Negodaeva E. V. , Orlova E. V. , Kuzyakov S. N. , Borzunova Yu. M.
Published: December 2019

Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are widespread diseases of musculoskeletal system among older patients leading in many cases to disability. The patients may often suffer from both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Non‑drug ways of treatment of these diseases attract more and more attention because of their effectiveness and low costs. The weakness of periarticular muscles plays a significant role in the osteoarthritis development. Strengthening of them has an important influence in multiple treatment of the disease. Physical exercises in case of osteoporosis promote patients’ functional abilities and improvement in their quality of life.
Research of coatings of implantation materials for biosmatibility
Authors: Zelensky V. I. , Didenko N. N. , Dolgalev Al. Al. , Dmitrienko A. V. , Eseneeev Yu. R. , Kurbanova U. R.
Published: December 2019

Significant differences in the biocompatibility of fibroblasts cultured in the presence of samples of titanium alloys, the surface of which was processed in various ways, are shown.
Assessment of central hemodynamics by the method of volumetric compression of oscillometry
Authors: Trivozhenko A. B. , Semenova Y. V. , Shiriaev A. A.
Published: December 2019

Compression volumes oscillometry allows to measure different parameters of the central and peripheral blood circulation. For an estimation of accuracy of this method in definition of linear and volume indicators of a system hemodynamics, as referential technology, the expert doppler-echocardiography was applied. The method has shown acceptable accuracy in measurement of stroke volume (±15 %), with consistent displacement (±1,96 standard deviations) at an estimation of dependence of a difference of measurements in two ways in Bland — Altman plot. The high correlation has been revealed between oscillometric peak speed in a humeral artery and doppler peak speed in aorta (р < 0,001; r = 0,85). Similar correlation was observed between aortic Doppler- spectrum integral and the peak speed of an arterial blood-groove (р < 0,001; r = 0,68).
Patients’ selfoperated telemedical solutions for ecg screening
Authors: Nikolsky A. V. , Levanov V. M. , Drozdov D. V. , Kozlov A. A.
Published: December 2019

Currently, a number of manufacturers offer devices for self-registration of ECG and other parameters of the cardiovascular system (CVS) by patients and signal analysis using telemedicine technologies. This makes it possible to create medical services based on mobile remote monitoring. The purpose of the article: a review of existing telemedicine solutions for individual ECG recording and related mobile applications and server-side data analysis software for assessing applicability in functional diagnostics and cardiology services. The article highlights the history of the development of methods for telemedicine analysis of ECG, provides a comparative review of modern solutions for medical cardioregistration. Findings. 1. Individual ECG telemonitoring is a promising technology that is comparable in terms of diagnostic capabilities to assess cardiac rhythm disturbances with Holter ECG monitoring and multifunctional monitoring implanted with ECG loopback recorders. The main vector of development of individual ECG telemonitoring systems is related to the automation of ECG analysis both on the server side and in the patient’s mobile application, for this the application of artificial intelligence and big data (bigdata) is promising. 2. Telecardiogram of an electrocardiogram promotes closer contact of the patient and medical service at the minimum expenses of time for such interaction.
Study of causal factors of uterine fibroids development in patients of reproductive age
Authors: Safarova S. M. , Bolieva G. U. , Abdurahmanova N. J.
Published: December 2019

The somatic and gynecological status of women with uterine myoma is presented. A significantly high frequency of concomitant extragenital pathology was revealed, including: iron deficiency anemia, thyroid and urinary tract diseases, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity and varicose veins. It has been established that patients with uterine myoma often suffer from menstrual dysfunction of the type of hypermenstrual syndrome and algodimenorrhea, menometrorrhagia. More than half of the examined women with uterine myoma detected a combination of this pathology with endometrial hyperplasia, benign ovarian formations, pelvic inflammatory diseases, cystic fibrosis of the mammary glands.
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Value of PET/CT
Authors: Ognerubov N. A. , Antipova T. S.
Published: December 2019

Positron emission tomography combined with computer tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a noninvasive method for evaluation in lung cancer. SUVmax provides information on biological aggressiveness, key pathological features and potential of tumor spread. However, standardized and generally accepted criteria for determining malignant and benign lymph nodes do not exist, which is a common problem for molecular diagnostics physicians and generates clinical demand, since the standardization of these criteria has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, comparability between research and a general understanding by clinicians. To this end, we tried to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the maximum standardized absorption value (SUVmax) for mediastinal lymph nodes, compare the ability to predict mediastinal malignancy: SUVmax, the ratio of SUVmax l node to SUVmax of the primary tumor (SUVmaxN/SUVmaxT), and also SUVmaxN/SUVmaxT multiplied by maximum tumor diameter (SUV index).
Use of a Combination of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin E in Prevention and Treatment of Radioinduced Soft Tissue Fibrosis: a Literature Survey
Authors: Tkachev S. I. , Nazarenko A. V. , Timoshkina E. V. , Trofimova O. P. , Glebovskaya V. V. , Ivanov S. M. , Borisova T. N. , Aliyeva S. B.
Published: December 2019

Late radiation injuries that occur after a significant period from the moment of completion of the radiation treatment can affect any anatomical structure within the irradiated area and thereby significantly impair the quality of life of cancer patients. Modern technologies of radiation therapy and scientifically based dose fractionation modes of radiation exposure have contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of late radiation damage, but the risk of their appearance remains. The review presents literature data on both the treatment and the possibilities of drug prevention of late radiation damage, such as radio-induced soft tissue fibrosis.
Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of nootropics use in people with alcohol dependence
Authors: Potupchik T. V. , Veselova O. F. , Gatskikh I. V.
Published: December 2019

In the pharmacotherapy of chronic alcoholism a significant place is given to nootropic drugs. Currently, neurodegenerative processes are associated with the activity of various neurotrophic factors of the brain and neuropeptides. An important advantage of the use of neuropeptide drugs (cerebrolysin, semax, cortexin) in the treatment of chronic alcoholism is that they have an organ-specific multimodal effect on the brain: provide metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, functional neuromodulation and neurotrophic activity. They are recommended for relief of acute withdrawal syndrome, as well as in the post-abstinent period in asthenic syndrome and restoration of mnestic functions.
Features of pathogenesis, progression and structure of pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Krylova E. A. , Gaidar Y. А. , Burka A. A.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the results of our own study of structural and fibrotic changes in the pancreatic parenchyma in patients with chronic pancreatitis. It was shown that the formation of fibrous tissue in chronic pancreatitis begins from the ducts and gradually covers the interlobar space and penetrates into the lobes of the pancreas. As fibrosis progresses, the volume fraction of exocrine tissue decreases due to the activation of apoptosis mechanisms and due to fatty degeneration. With a high degree of fibrosis, focal vacuolar dystrophy was detected in the acinar tissue of the pancreatic lobules of all patients, focal apoptosis and lobular apoptosis was observed in 45.4 %. With complete atrophy of the acinar tissue of the pancreatic lobes, hyperplasia of the epithelium of the interlobar and intralobar ducts was observed. The adaptive neoplasm of the endocrine islets (non-idiogenesis) from the epithelium of the intralobular ducts of the pancreas was revealed.
Comprehensive assessment of vascular lesions in predicting cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis and carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Tarasov A. A. , Gordeeva M. A. , Davydov S. I. , Reznikova E. A. , Babaeva A. R.
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of a cluster analysis of the contribution of immune inflammationmarkers and endothelial dysfunction (ED) to the cardiovascular complicationsfrequency and severity in cohorts of patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis (AAS), coronary artery disease (CAD), tyepe 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) during 3 years of prospective observation. A comparative analysis of the spectrum of the examined markers was performed depending on the stage of the development of the disease, the presence of T2DM and the MS. It was revealed that the greatest contribution to the cardiovascular complications development in AAS is provided by such circulating markers of ED and immune inflammation as ET-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, total autoantibodies to type I and III collagen (a-Coll) and to Chondroitine-sulfate (a-ChS). With IHD, the greatest contribution is provided by ET-1, eNOs, antibodies a-Coll and also IL-6 and vWf.In T2DM patients without CAD, a profile of markers associated with the high rate of adverse events includes ET-1, eNOs, IL-6, a-Coll and antibodies against hyaluronic acid (a-HA). In a cohort of patients with chronic CAD in the setting of T2DM, a profile of markers associated with the development of adverse events includes vWf, TNF-α, as well as the level of eNOs, IL-6, a-Coll, a-HA and CRP. In the cases of AAS without concomitant MS, the greatest contribution is due to the increase in the level of ET-1, vWf, a-Coll and a-ChS content; in the presence of MS — IL-1β, TNF-α, a-Coll, anti-ChS, anti-HA and CRP. In CAD without MS profile of markers associated with the development of adverse events, includes ET-1, eNOs and a-HA, the presence of the MS — a-Coll, ET-1 and IL-6 levels.
Rehabilitation of patients with sensitive skin syndrome after injection aesthetic procedures
Authors: Raytseva S. S. , Matusevich S. L.
Published: December 2019

Relevance. Any injection procedure is accompanied by damage to the skin barrier and can lead to sensitivity conversion in patients with sensitive skin, greatly extending the length of rehabilitation. This raises the question of the choice of effective and affordable rehabilitation methods after aesthetic injection interventions.

Materials and methods. 52 patients aged 35 to 55 with sensitive skin syndrome (SSS) were under surveillance. All patients were subjected to combined injection of facial soft tissue correction with hyaluronic acid-based filers and biorevitalizers. After the injection intervention, a placebo controlled study was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (25 people) received non-specific external therapy with a pharmaceutical preparation containing panthenol; group 2 (27 people) together with a topic agent received light treatment with polychromatic incoherent polarized light (PIPL). The observation period was 10 days. Effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction with therapy were assessed by VAS, GAIS scales.

Results. By the fourth day of therapy, the total dynamics of sign expression on the VAS scale in group 2 decreased by 92.8 %, in group 1 — by 66.8 % (p < 0.05). Light treatment using a source of PIPL resulted in a 1.5-fold reduction in rehabilitation time (p < 0.05). Side effects were not observed in any clinical case. Patients receiving PIPL were more satisfied with the results of rehabilitation. The GAIS score in groups 1 and 2 was 2.1 and 2.9 (p < 0.01).
Differential diagnosis and treatment of edema of lower extremities
Authors: Orlova N. V.
Published: December 2019

The article gives a definition, classification and mechanisms for the development of edema (increased hydrostatic pressure, increased capillary permeability, decreased colloidal osmotic pressure). The main diseases accompanied by edematous syndrome are considered, diagnostic search algorithms are given. The clinic and treatment of edema of the lower extremities due to lymphatic and venous insufficiency are separately discussed. The data of a clinical study of the effectiveness of drugs based on diosmin and hesperidin in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency are presented.
Role of adherence in prevention of hypertension
Authors: Fedulaev Yu. N. , Karseladze N. D. , Evdokimov F. A. , Chuprakova A. Yu. , Sapozhnikov S. A. , Starokozheva A. Ya.
Published: December 2019

Arterial hypertension remains a socially significant disease. Multicenter studies indicate low patient adherence to treatment. This article discusses the factors that influence commitment. Using the potentials of health centers and prevention departments can increase patient commitment. The study on the regular use of antihypertensive therapy indicates an improvement in cognitive functions and the quality of life of patients against the background of achieving target blood pressure.
Predictive importance of comorbidity in patients with myocardial infarction and different strategy of treatment
Authors: Zykov M. V. , Kashtalap V. V. , Poltaranina V. A. , Dyachenko N. V. , Lukyanchenko I. V. , Kosmachyova E. D.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to compare the 1-year results of conservative and invasive tactics of treating myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with different severity of comorbid background.

Material and methods. The presented results are based on registry in City Hospital No. 4 of Sochi. The present analysis included patients with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (n = 1 176). Upon discharge from the hospital, all patients underwent analysis of the severity of comorbidity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). A year later, 791 patients managed to find out the prognosis after discharge from the hospital. 1-year mortality was 12.6 % (n = 100).

Results. The frequency of coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with CCI = 0 (no or minimal comorbidity, n = 408) was 84.3 % and 63.5 %, with a CCI of 1–2 (moderate comorbidity), n = 438) was 68.0 % and 44.8 %, with CCI ≥ 3 (expressed comorbidity, n = 330) was 50.3 % and 25.8 %, respectively. At the same time, conducting PCI at the hospital observation stage was associated with a decrease mortality during the year after discharge from the hospital from 18.5 % to 5.8 %, p < 0.0001. The greatest positive effect of PCI for optimizing the long-term prognosis of (1 year) was achieved in the group of patients with severe comorbidity (CCI ≥ 3), where the NNT (number needed to treat) was 7. The relative risk of 1-year mortality in patients with severe comorbidity compared to the minimum in the PCI group was 6.75, in the conservative treatment group was 4.63.

Conclusion. The results of this study showed that PCI in MI is more often performed by younger, less comorbid patients with a lower risk on the GRACE scale. At the same time, the 1-year survival of patients with MI was significantly higher after PCI compared to the primary conservative treatment strategy, regardless of the severity of comorbidity, and the greatest improvement in the long-term prognosis of PCI was observed in patients with severe comorbidity, as determined by the CCI ≥ 3.
Economic efficiency of implementation of 13C-urea breath test on Helicobacter pylori in Russia
Authors: Plavnik R. G.
Published: December 2019

The article identifies the sources and presents a calculation of the real and potential direct economic effect from the introduction of a stable isotope13C-urease breath test forHelicobacter pylori, which may amount to more than 1 billion rubles per year, into Russian healthcare.
Prevalence of dental caries in students with different levels of anxiety
Authors: Razumova S. N. , Karabushchenko N. B. , Bait Said O. M. , Mkhoyan G. M. , Наrutyunyan G. A. , Talbiev F. A.
Published: December 2019

Dental incidence of caries has a significant impact on human health and currently affects the bulk of the world's population, despite numerous attempts to reduce it. One of the groups at risk of developing this disease is young people (students) who experience anxiety throughout the entire learning process.
Botulinum therapy of spastic forms of cerebral palsy with Relatox® in children
Authors: Krasavina D. A. , Orlova O. R. , Vasilyeva O. N. , Balbert A. A. , Moroshek E. A.
Published: December 2019

The article reveals the content of the rehabilitation model for children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy using the botulinum toxin therapy methods of the domestic drug Relatox, orthopedic treatment and stretching. The types of gait defects diagnostics, observed anomalies are given. calculation of drug doses for individual muscle segments, methods of muscle control using a special atlas. Illustrates the application of the methodology of an example of a 6 year old patient with cerebral palsy.
Diagnostic and therapeutic experience of child with neonatal epilepsy: from ICU to home (сlinical case)
Authors: Gorshkov D. V. , Odintsova G. V. , Novoseltsev D. V. , Shchetinina A. M. , Seel С. A.
Published: December 2019

Ohtahara syndrome is the earliest of age-dependent epileptic encephalopathies, characterized by an early onset at the age of 3 months (most often the first 10 days of life), ‘suppression-burst’ pattern on EEG both in wakefulness and in sleep, resistance to standard AED therapy, a high probability of poor prognosis in the form of severe psychomotor retardation and death in infancy.
Impact of nutritional support on development and outcome of infectious complications of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Cherkasova E. V. , Semiglazova T. Yu. , Filatova L. V. , Zagoruyko V. A.
Published: December 2019

This article provides an overview of current nutritional support recommendations for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, and the impact of nutritional status on infectious complications frequency.
Experience of using durvalumab in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer in Irkutsk Region
Authors: Yukalchuk D. Yu. , Ponomarenko D. M. , Dvornichenko V. V. , Novopashin A. M.
Published: December 2019

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues be one of the most frequent oncological diseases both in incidence and mortality. Over the past ten years, due to the targeted and immunotherapy, significant success has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic forms NSCLC, but until recently, approaches to the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC have remained unchanged. So, the standard treatment of locally-advanced unresectable NSCLC remained chemo-radiation (concurrent or sequential). The first study that has demonstrated the possibility of improving treatment results (including long term results) using an innovative approach from combination of durvalumab immunotherapy with chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) as an integrated treatment complex in this category of patients, has become the PACIFIC study. In Russia, durvalum ab was registered in July 2019 for using in patients with locally advanced NSCLC who have not progressed after CRT, so the experience of its administration in real clinical practice is still small. In this article, we summarized our local experience with durvalumab treatment in seven patients and presented more detailed one of the clinical cases. A patient with stage III unresectable NSCLC began receiving durvalumab therapy in October 2018, 2 months after completing a course of sequential CRT. Currently, after 12 months of therapy, the stabilization of the disease persists, the patient continues treatment.
The change of ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs as the result of endoscopic valvular bronchial blocking in patients with recurrent fibro-cavernous tuberculosis after lung resection
Authors: Popova L. A. , Shergina E. A. , Bagdasaryan T. P. , Shabalina I. Yu. , Chushkin M. I. , Karpina N. L.
Published: December 2019

In the complex treatment of patients with tuberculosis with destruction of pulmonary tissue in the presence of drug-resistant pathogen in 10.2 % of cases it is necessary to resort to surgery in the form of resection or pulmonectomy. In the postoperative period, there are cases of progression of a specific process in the lungs with the formation of destruction. In such a situation, the optimal choice of treatment strategy is endoscopic valve bronchomalacia (ECB) with maximum preservation of functioning lung tissue. The aim of this work is to study the dynamics of ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs in patients with acute pulmonary tissue destruction after surgery. The study revealed a change in the functional state of the lungs in 56 % of cases: negative in 39 % of patients and positive — in 17 %. The nature of the changes associated with the initial state of the bronchopulmonary apparatus and the characteristics of drug resistant. Deterioration of function is more often observed in a two-sided process and/or in the presence of two or more caverns. The initial state of the lung ventilation capacity and the presence of signs of restrictive disorders have the opposite effect on the functional outcome of bronchoblocation: at normal values of FEV1 and ESRD IS accompanied by more frequent broncho-obstructive disorders and deterioration of gas exchange rates than at their reduced values. The same paradoxical functional dependence of the dynamics can be traced in the volume «off» when drug resistant and its effectiveness.
Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne, zmiany klimatyczne, wyzwania
Authors: LESZCZYŃSKI Marek
Published: December 2019

Economic security constitutes one of the main areas of research carried out by
representatives of security studies. Its level is conditioned by many factors
of economic, political, law or cultural character. The article points out the
conditions connected with the process of climate warming and their meaning
for shaping the economic security. As a hypothesis it has been assumed that it
is crucial to make a significant change in the scope of shaping the consumption
model and the role of the state in shaping the processes of development.
It serves the creation of economic force with a simultaneous balanced
approach to the use of natural resources. The article has a review character,
it's aim is to indicate the necessity of a change into the more active role of the
state in shaping the security and economic order. In this context, the use
of works developed by the Swedish school of economy and Scandinavian
studies over peace (including mainly the peace economics) can become the
basis to create the development model which uses the approach that connects
the economic, natural and institutional interests. The creation of economic
security bases of a state must, in a pragmatic and responsible way, include the
limitation of natural resources and at the same time take into account the social
aims connected with the quality of people’s lives.
Erişkinde Farklı Klinik Bulgularla Seyreden Split Kord Malformasyonu Olguları
Authors: SOLUM Sezin , AYKURT KARLIBEL İlknur , KASAPOĞLU AKSOY Meliha
Published: December 2019

Split kord
malformasyonu omuriliğin fibröz bant, kemik ya da kıkırdak dokuyla ikiye
bölünmesiyle karakterize nadir görülen bir embriyolojik anomalidir. Genellikle
low lying konus ve tethered kord ile birlikte bulunur. Tanıda manyetik rezonans
görüntüleme ve bilgisayarlı tomografi yardımcıdır. Tanı genellikle çocukluk
döneminde konulmakla birlikte nadiren erişkin dönemde de konulabilmektedir.
Burada erişkin dönemde tanı konulan ve farklı klinik bulgular gösteren 5 split kord
malformasyonu olgusu sunulmuştur.
Beslenme desteği tipi hematopoetik kök hücre nakil sonuçlarını etkiliyor mu? Bir pediatrik merkez deneyimi
Authors: TÖRET Ersin , ADALI AKSOY Başak , ÇAVUŞ Gözdenur , AYDOĞDU Selime , ÇİPE Funda , DİKME Gürcan , TUNÇ Yeşim , FIŞGIN Tunç , BOZKURT Ceyhun
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Hematopoetik
kök hücre nakli (HKHN) çocukluk çağının benign ve malign pek çok hastalığı için
küratif tedavi seçeneğidir. Hastalara kök hücre infüzyonundan önce uygulanan
tedaviler ve hastaların anksiyetesi beslenmelerinin bozulmasına neden olur. Beslenmenin
bozulması sonucu gelişen malnütrisyon hastaların yaşam kalitesini ve tedavi
başarısına negatif yönde etkiler. Parenteral beslenme güvenli ve etkin bir
yöntem olması dolayısıyla tercih edilirken son yıllarda nazogastrik sonda (NGS)
ile beslenme, gastrointestinal yolu fonksiyonel tutması ve daha fizyolojik
olması nedeniyle ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada nakil sürecinde farklı
beslenme yöntemleri uygulanan üç grup tedavi sonuçları ve komplikasyonlar
açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: İki bin onbeş ile 2019 yılları arasında
allojenik HKHN uygulanan 97 olgu beslenme yöntemlerine göre enteral, parenteral
ve karışık tip olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Tüm olguların demografik
özellikleri (yaş, cins, tanı), nötrofil ve trombosit engraftman zamanları ve
komplikasyon varlığı kayıt altına alındı. Veriler istatiksel yöntemler
kullanılarak incelendi.

Bulgular:
Ortanca
nakil yaşları 8.5 yıl (6 ay-17 yıl) olan 97 olguya (55 erkek, 42 kız) allojenik
HKHN sırasında 33’üne enteral, 32’sine parenteral ve yine 32’sine karışık tip
beslenme uygulandı. Grupların yatış süreleri, ortanca trombosit engraftman
zamanları ve mukozit süreleri açısından istatiksel anlamlı fark saptandı. Nakil
sonrası komplikasyonlar için değerlendirme yapıldığında akut GvHH (derece I-IV)
ve CMV enfeksiyonu açısından gruplar arasında istatiksel anlamlı fark saptandı.

Sonuç:
Enteral
beslenme naklin başarısını olumlu etkisi ve maliyeti etkin bir yöntem
olmanın yanı sıra nakil sonrası  komplikasyonların azalmasını sağlar.
The Meat Paradox, Omnivore’s Akrasia, and Animal Ethics
Authors: Aaltola Elisa
Published: December 2019

Western cultures have witnessed an intriguing phenomenon in recent years: People are both more concerned for animal wellbeing and consume more animal products than ever before. This contradiction has been explored in psychology under the term “meat paradox”. However, what has been omitted from the explorations is the age-old philosophical notion of “akrasia”, within which one both knows “the good” and acts against it. The paper seeks to address this omission by comparing psychological research on the meat paradox with philosophy of akrasia. Applying Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Spinoza, I investigate the underlying factors of and solutions to what is here called “omnivore’s akrasia”. Whilst contemporary research on the meat paradox focuses on various descriptive cognitive errors (such as cognitive dissonance), philosophy of akrasia has tended to focus more prescriptively on moral reason and virtue. After discussing “nudging” as an implication of the descriptive approach, the paper supports the prescriptive perspective and “the cultivation argument”. The claim is that contemporary research on the contradictions concerning attitudes toward other animals would greatly benefit from paying more attention to the value-laden mental factors underlying moral agency.
Chronic Oxidative Stress Promotes Molecular Changes Associated with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, NRF2, and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype
Authors: Čipak Gašparović Ana , Milković Lidija , Dandachi Nadia , Stanzer Stefanie , Pezdirc Iskra , Vrančić Josip , Šitić Sanda , Suppan Christoph , Balic Marija
Published: December 2019

Oxidative stress plays a role in carcinogenesis, but it also contributes to the modulation of tumor cells and microenvironment caused by chemotherapeutics. One of the consequences of oxidative stress is lipid peroxidation, which can, through reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), affect cell signaling pathways. On the other hand, cancer stem cells (CSC) are now recognized as a major factor of malignancy by causing metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. Here, we evaluated whether oxidative stress and HNE modulation of the microenvironment can influence CSC growth, modifications of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, the antioxidant system, and the frequency of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Our results showed that oxidative changes in the microenvironment of BCSC and particularly chronic oxidative stress caused changes in the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, changes associated with EMT, increase in glutathione (GSH) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were observed in breast cancer cells grown on HNE pretreated collagen and under chronic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that chronic oxidative stress can be a bidirectional modulator of BCSC fate. Low levels of HNE can increase differentiation markers in BCSC, while higher levels increased GSH and NRF2 as well as certain EMT markers, thereby increasing therapy resistance.
Dietary Selenium Supplementation Ameliorates Female Reproductive Efficiency in Aging Mice
Authors: Yang Haoxuan , Qazi Izhar Hyder , Pan Bo , Angel Christiana , Guo Shichao , Yang Jingyu , Zhang Yan , Ming Zhang , Zeng Changjun , Meng Qingyong , Han Hongbing , Zhou Guangbin
Published: December 2019

Female reproductive (ovarian) aging is distinctively characterized by a markedly reduced reproductive function due to a remarkable decline in quality and quantity of follicles and oocytes. Selenium (Se) has been implicated in playing many important biological roles in male fertility and reproduction; however, its potential roles in female reproduction, particularly in aging subjects, remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, in the current study we used a murine model of female reproductive aging and elucidated how different Se-levels might affect the reproductive efficiency in aging females. Our results showed that at the end of an 8-week dietary trial, whole-blood Se concentration and blood total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly reduced in Se-deficient (0.08 mg Se/kg; Se-D) mice, whereas both of these biomarkers were significantly higher in inorganic (0.33 mg/kg; ISe-S) and organic (0.33 mg/kg; OSe-S) Se-supplemented groups. Similarly, compared to the Se-D group, Se supplementation significantly ameliorated the maintenance of follicles and reduced the rate of apoptosis in ovaries. Meanwhile, the rate of in vitro-produced embryos resulting from germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes was also significantly improved in Se-supplemented (ISe-S and OSe-S) groups compared to the Se-D mice, in which none of the embryos developed to the hatched blastocyst stage. RT-qPCR results revealed that mRNA expression of Gpx1, Gpx3, Gpx4, Selenof, p21, and Bcl-2 genes in ovaries of aging mice was differentially modulated by dietary Se levels. A considerably higher mRNA expression of Gpx1, Gpx3, Gpx4, and Selenof was observed in Se-supplemented groups compared to the Se-D group. Similarly, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and p21 was significantly lower in Se-supplemented groups. Immunohistochemical assay also revealed a significantly higher expression of GPX4 in Se-supplemented mice. Our results reasonably indicate that Se deficiency (or marginal levels) can negatively impact the fertility and reproduction in females, particularly those of an advancing age, and that the Se supplementation (inorganic and organic) can substantiate ovarian function and overall reproductive efficiency in aging females.
An Approximate Analytic Solution to a Non-Linear ODE for Air Jet Velocity Decay through Tree Crops Using Piecewise Linear Emulations and Rectangle Functions
Authors: Friso Dario
Published: December 2019

The velocity of air that crosses the canopy of tree crops when using orchard sprayers is a variable that affects pesticide dispersion in the environment. Therefore, having an equation to describe air velocity decay through the canopy is of interest. It was necessary to start from a more general non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) obtained from the momentum theorem. After approximating the non-linearity with some piecewise linear terms, analytic solutions were found. Subsequently, to obtain a single equation for velocity decay, a combination of these solutions was proposed by using rectangle functions formed through the hyperbolic tangent function. This single equation was assessed in comparison to the experimental value obtained on a vineyard row by measuring the air velocity at exit of canopy. The results have shown good correspondence, with a mean relative error of 6.6%; moreover, there was no significant difference. To simplify, a combination of only two linearized solutions was also proposed. Again, there was no significant difference between the experimental value and the predicted one, but the mean relative error between the two equations was 3.6%.
An Assessment of the Suitability of Active Green Walls for NO2 Reduction in Green Buildings Using a Closed-Loop Flow Reactor
Authors: Pettit Thomas , Irga Peter J. , Surawski Nicholas C. , Torpy Fraser R.
Published: December 2019

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common urban air pollutant that is associated with several adverse human health effects from both short and long term exposure. Additionally, NO2 is highly reactive and can influence the mixing ratios of nitrogen oxide (NO) and ozone (O3). Active green walls can filter numerous air pollutants whilst using little energy, and are thus a candidate for inclusion in green buildings, however, the remediation of NO2 by active green walls remains untested. This work assessed the capacity of replicate active green walls to filter NO2 at both ambient and elevated concentrations within a closed-loop flow reactor, while the concentrations of NO and O3 were simultaneously monitored. Comparisons of each pollutant’s decay rate were made for green walls containing two plant species (Spathiphyllum wallisii and Syngonium podophyllum) and two lighting conditions (indoor and ultraviolet). Biofilter treatments for both plant species exhibited exponential decay for the biofiltration of all three pollutants at ambient concentrations. Furthermore, both treatments removed elevated concentrations of NO and NO2, (average NO2 clean air delivery rate of 661.32 and 550.8 m3∙h−1∙m−3 of biofilter substrate for the respective plant species), although plant species and lighting conditions influenced the degree of NOx removal. Elevated concentrations of NOx compromised the removal efficiency of O3. Whilst the current work provided evidence that effective filtration of NOx is possible with green wall technology, long-term experiments under in situ conditions are needed to establish practical removal rates and plant health effects from prolonged exposure to air pollution.
Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland
Authors: Sobianowska-Turek Agnieszka , Urbańska Weronika
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the market of portable lithium-ion batteries in the European Union (EU) with particular emphasis on the stream of used Li-ion cells in Poland by 2030. In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that, despite a decade of efforts in Poland, it has not been possible to create an effective management system for waste batteries and accumulators that would include waste management (collection and selective sorting), waste disposal (a properly selected mechanical method) and component recovery technology for reuse (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods). This paper also brings attention to the fact that this EU country with 38 million people does not have in its area a recycling process for used cells of the first type of zinc-carbon, zinc-manganese or zinc-air, as well as the secondary type of nickel-hydride and lithium-ion, which in the stream of chemical waste energy sources will be growing from year to year.
New Insights into the Control of Cell Fate Choices and Differentiation by Retinoic Acid in Cranial, Axial and Caudal Structures
Authors: Draut Heidrun , Liebenstein Thomas , Begemann Gerrit
Published: December 2019

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important regulator of chordate development. RA binds to nuclear RA receptors that control the transcriptional activity of target genes. Controlled local degradation of RA by enzymes of the Cyp26a gene family contributes to the establishment of transient RA signaling gradients that control patterning, cell fate decisions and differentiation. Several steps in the lineage leading to the induction and differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors and bone-producing osteogenic cells are controlled by RA. Changes to RA signaling activity have effects on the formation of the bones of the skull, the vertebrae and the development of teeth and regeneration of fin rays in fish. This review focuses on recent advances in these areas, with predominant emphasis on zebrafish, and highlights previously unknown roles for RA signaling in developmental processes.
Get Set or Get Distracted? Disentangling Content-Priming and Attention-Catching Effects of Background Lure Stimuli on Identifying Targets in Two Simultaneously Presented Series
Authors: Verleger Rolf , Śmigasiewicz Kamila , Michael Lars , Heikaus Laura , Niedeggen Michael
Published: December 2019

In order to study the changing relevance of stimulus features in time and space, we used a task with rapid serial presentation of two stimulus streams where two targets (“T1” and “T2”) had to be distinguished from background stimuli and where the difficult T2 distinction was impeded by background stimuli presented before T1 that resemble T2 (“lures”). Such lures might actually have dual characteristics: Their capturing attention might interfere with target identification, whereas their similarity to T2 might result in positive priming. To test this idea here, T2 was a blue digit among black letters, and lures resembled T2 either by alphanumeric category (black digits) or by salience (blue letters). Same-category lures were expected to prime T2 identification whereas salient lures would impede T2 identification. Results confirmed these predictions, yet the precise pattern of results did not fit our conceptual framework. To account for this pattern, we speculate that lures serve to confuse participants about the order of events, and the major factor distinguishing color lures and digit lures is their confusability with T2. Mechanisms of effects were additionally explored by measuring event-related EEG potentials. Consistent with the assumption that they attract more attention, color lures evoked larger N2pc than digit lures and affected the ensuing T1-evoked N2pc. T2-evoked N2pc was indistinguishably reduced by all kinds of preceding lures, though. Lure-evoked mesio-frontal negativity increased from first to third lures both with digit and color lures and, thereby, might have reflected expectancy for T1.