bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversational agent for supporting learners on a MOOC on programming with Java
Authors: Catalán Aguirre , González-Castro Nuria , Delgado Kloos , Alario-Hoyos Carlos , Muñoz-Merino Pedro
Published: April 2021

One important problem in MOOCs is the lack of personalized support from teachers. Conversational agents arise as one possible solution to assist MOOC learners and help them to study. For example, conversational agents can help review key concepts of the MOOC by asking questions to the learners and providing examples. JavaPAL, a voice-based conversational agent for supporting learners on a MOOC on programming with Java offered on edX. This paper evaluates JavaPAL from different perspectives. First, the usability of JavaPAL is analyzed, obtaining a score of 74.41 according to a System Usability Scale (SUS). Second, learners? performance is compared when answering questions directly through JavaPAL and through the equivalent web interface on edX, getting similar results in terms of performance. Finally, interviews with JavaPAL users reveal that this conversational agent can be helpful as a complementary tool for the MOOC due to its portability and flexibility compared to accessing the MOOC contents through the web interface.
Research on influencing factors of the development of cultural and creative industries based on grey factor analysis
Authors: Li Jianjun , Liao Jia
Published: April 2021

In order to study the influencing factors of cultural and creative industries (CCIs), the Grey Factor Analysis and 30 different indexes are used to empirically analyze the correlation between the influencing factors and the added value of CCIs in Shanghai. At the same time, main environmental factors affecting the development of CCIs are explored. The result shows that technology research and development, policy and government financial support, human resources, social culture, cultural consumption environment, cultural industry basis and development status are important impacting factors on the development of CCIs in Shanghai. Based on the above research results, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the construction of a comprehensive environment to promote the sustainable and healthy development of CCIs.
Optimality conditions and duality for multiobjective semi-infinite programming with data uncertainty via Mordukhovich subdifferential
Authors: Pham Thanh-Hung
Published: April 2021

Based on the notation of Mordukhovich subdifferential in [27], we propose some of new concepts of convexity to establish optimality conditions for quasi ??solutions for nonlinear semi-infinite optimization problems with data uncertainty in constraints. Moreover, some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
Auditors' Responses to Classification Shifting: Evidence from U.S. Firms
Authors: Dao Mai , Xu Hongkang , Pham Trung
Published: April 2021

SYNOPSIS

This study examines how auditors react to clients' engagement in classification shifting which refers to the intentional misallocation of line items within the income statement. We find that classification shifting is positively associated with audit fees, audit report lags, the issuance of a modified audit opinion, and auditor resignations. Additional analyses show that auditors' responses to multiple-year classification shifting are similar to our main findings. We further find that classification shifting is associated with a higher likelihood of financial misstatements in the classification shifting year, and future announcements of financial restatements. We also find that the probability of future restatements is even higher when audit clients engage in both classification shifting and real earnings management. Overall, our results imply that auditors become more cautious in response to audit clients' classification shifting behavior.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
Calculation of symbol error rate in a telecommunication system based on amplitude modulation of many components
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Horbatyi I. V.
Published: April 2021

The known analytical equations for calculating the symbol error rate (SER) in the M-ary telecommunication system are considered. The analytical equations for calculating SER in a telecommunication system based on M-ary amplitude modulation of many components (M-AMMC) and other varieties of amplitude-phase shift keying with arbitrary number and arbitrary location of signal points of the signal constellation, as well as under the action of additive white Gaussian noise in a communication line are proposed. According to the results of the research, it is found that the proposed equations allow us to increase the accuracy of calculating SER when using M-AMMC and other varieties of amplitude-phase shift keying compared to known analytical equations.
Optimal forecast algorithm based on compatible linear filtration and extrapolation
Authors:   State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management, Mashkov O. A. , Murasov R. K. , Kravchenko Y. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Dakhno N. B. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Leschenko O. A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Trush A. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: April 2021

This work considers the methods of optimal linear extrapolation of the flight path of the aircraft, which provide a minimum of the mean square of the forecast error with different amounts of a priori information. The research is based on the canonical decomposition of a vectorial random process. It is determined that the development of modern technologies entails increasing requirements for quality and accuracy of control. However, since the existing methods of linear extrapolation do not provide for the maximum accuracy of the forecast due to the inherent constraints on the random process that describe the motion of aircraft, this necessitates a further development and improvement of methods for extrapolation of aircraft trajectories. The peculiarity of the developed methods for extrapolation of aircraft trajectory is that they allow within the correlation model to fully take into account the properties of a real random process that describes the motion of aircraft at the landing approach stage. This provides for the maximum possible accuracy of linear extrapolation with a variety of information support conditions. These methods allow improving the safety of flights and the efficiency of aviation. Accordingly, new capabilities of aircraft and other sophisticated technical systems can be further considered.
Thermomechanical behavior of an electrically conductive cylindrical implant under the action of external unstable electromagnetic fields
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Musii R. S. , Melnyk N. B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Drohomyretska Kh. T. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Zakaulova J. V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

A physical and mathematical model for determining the thermostressed state of an electrically conductive cylindrical implant under the action of external unstable electromagnetic fields, in particular the impulse with amplitude modulation, is proposed. This model allows predicting the maximum allowable values (according to physiological norms) of temperature and stress intensities in the considered implant depending on the parameters of external unstable electromagnetic fields and the time of their action.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFORMATION SEARCH SYSTEM "GRADUATE"
Authors:   Lviv Politechnic National University, Kuzmin O. V. , Yatsyshyn T. Ya. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

One of the ma­in in­di­ca­tors of the ra­ting of Uk­ra­ini­an uni­ver­si­ti­es is the qua­lity of pre­pa­ra­ti­on of fu­tu­re grad­ua­tes. The qua­lity of the grad­ua­te's tra­ining may be ref­lec­ted with a pos­si­bi­lity of his employ­ment. It is im­pos­sib­le to track ca­re­er growth of grad­ua­tes wit­ho­ut cre­ati­on of centra­li­zed in­for­ma­ti­onal sto­ra­ge to co­ver this pro­cess as well as pos­si­bi­lity for grad­ua­te to in­put in­for­ma­ti­on abo­ut his employ­ment. Ma­in aim of cre­ati­on of in­for­ma­ti­on se­arch system grad­ua­te was to pro­vi­de dif­fe­rent de­partments of Uk­ra­ini­an uni­ver­si­ti­es with softwa­re so­lu­ti­on which co­uld sto­re grad­ua­tes re­la­ted in­for­ma­ti­on. To cre­ate the softwa­re so­lu­ti­on and ac­hi­eve the go­als, a web-ba­sed system was de­ve­lo­ped that runs on a cli­ent-ser­ver archi­tec­tu­ral templa­te with cli­ent si­de cre­ated as single pa­ge appli­ca­ti­on, appli­ca­ti­on dep­lo­yed on Win­dows Web Ser­ver 2016. The system inclu­des: cli­ent-ser­ver appli­ca­ti­on for use by de­partment staff and grad­ua­tes; functi­ona­lity for fil­ling the da­ta­ba­se (da­ta­ba­se) with new grad­ua­tes of the de­partment, and up­da­ting of al­re­ady exis­ting re­cords abo­ut grad­ua­tes; functi­ona­lity ex­po­sed for de­partments staff with se­arch for grad­ua­tes with in­for­ma­ti­on abo­ut the­ir stud­ying in uni­ver­sity; sta­tis­ti­cal in­for­ma­ti­on on grad­ua­tes ba­sed on se­lec­ted cri­te­ria; functi­ona­lity for grad­ua­tes to up­da­te ca­re­er in­for­ma­ti­on and ac­hi­eve­ments. For gi­ven softwa­re so­lu­ti­on re­la­ti­onal da­ta­ba­se was de­sig­ned and ex­po­sed with the help of MS SQL Ser­ver ca­pa­bi­li­ti­es. The system was de­ve­lo­ped with the help of C # prog­ram­ming lan­gua­ge, using ASP.NET Co­re techno­logy in par­ti­cu­lar for bac­kend, for front-end – user-fri­endly in­ter­fa­ces using HTML, CSS 3, and Ja­vaScript ba­sed on Re­act lib­rary and JSX ex­ten­si­on, with ele­ments of the Bo­otstrap lib­rary.
REFINING EXPERT BASED EVALUATION ON THE BASIS OF A LIMITED QUANTITY OF DATA
Authors:   Lviv Politechnik National University, Hrytsiuk Yu. I. , Ferneza O. R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

A techniq­ue has be­en de­ve­lo­ped to re­fi­ne ex­pert ba­sed eval­ua­ti­on of the pro­ba­bi­lity distri­bu­ti­on pa­ra­me­ter of a ran­dom va­ri­ab­le ba­sed on a li­mi­ted amo­unt of sta­tis­ti­cal da­ta. This ma­de it pos­sib­le to iden­tify the most in­for­ma­ti­ve da­ta transmis­si­on chan­nel (the most qua­li­fi­ed ex­pert) and get its re­li­ab­le as­sessment. It has be­en es­tab­lis­hed that the analysis and pro­ces­sing of a li­mi­ted amo­unt of da­ta is car­ri­ed out using well-known techniq­ues in pro­ba­bi­lity the­ory and mat­he­ma­ti­cal sta­tis­tics, whe­re sig­ni­fi­cant the­ore­ti­cal and prac­ti­cal ex­pe­ri­en­ce has be­en ac­cu­mu­la­ted. A mat­he­ma­ti­cal mo­del that descri­bes the sta­te of an ob­ject, pro­cess, or phe­no­me­non is pre­sen­ted as a po­int es­ti­ma­te of the pro­ba­bi­lity distri­bu­ti­on pa­ra­me­ter of a ran­dom va­ri­ab­le, the val­ue of which is ob­ta­ined on the ba­sis of a small sample of da­ta. The mo­dern appro­ac­hes to the sta­tis­ti­cal es­ti­ma­ti­on of a ran­dom va­ri­ab­le are analyzed, the most com­mon of which is the Ba­ye­si­an appro­ach. It is es­tab­lis­hed that the most sig­ni­fi­cant mo­ment of the Ba­ye­si­an es­ti­ma­ti­on of the unknown pa­ra­me­ter of the pro­ba­bi­lity distri­bu­ti­on of a ran­dom va­ri­ab­le is the ap­po­intment of a cer­ta­in functi­on of the a pri­ori den­sity of its distri­bu­ti­on. This functi­on sho­uld cor­res­pond to the ava­ilab­le pre­li­mi­nary in­for­ma­ti­on on the sha­pe of the a pri­ori pro­ba­bi­lity distri­bu­ti­on of this qu­an­tity. The tra­di­ti­onal appro­ach to iden­tif­ying the most in­for­ma­ti­ve chan­nel for transmit­ting da­ta on the sta­te of an ob­ject, the co­ur­se of a pro­cess or phe­no­me­non, and cut­ting off ot­hers is less re­li­ab­le. This is car­ri­ed out using the so-cal­led mec­ha­nism of re­du­cers of deg­re­es of fre­edom. Its ma­in di­sad­van­ta­ge is that in the cut-off da­ta transmis­si­on chan­nels, the­re may be so­me use­ful in­for­ma­ti­on that is not in­vol­ved in the de­ve­lop­ment of an ag­re­ed so­lu­ti­on. The­re­fo­re, it is ne­ces­sary to intro­du­ce mec­ha­nisms of discri­mi­na­tors of deg­re­es of fre­edom. They al­low all da­ta transmis­si­on chan­nels to par­ti­ci­pa­te in the de­ci­si­on-ma­king pro­cess in terms of im­por­tan­ce, which cor­res­ponds to the gre­atest deg­ree of the­ir in­for­ma­ti­on con­tent in the cur­rent sit­ua­ti­on. An il­lustra­ti­ve example of the appli­ca­ti­on of the con­si­de­red met­hods of ave­ra­ging da­ta is shown, which ref­lects the re­sults of cal­cu­la­ti­ons by ite­ra­ti­ons using the imple­men­ta­ti­on mec­ha­nisms of both re­du­cers and discri­mi­na­tors of deg­re­es of fre­edom. The­se mec­ha­nisms ref­lect the fe­atu­res of the imple­men­ta­ti­on of ite­ra­ti­ve al­go­rithms that are cha­rac­te­ris­tic of both met­hods of mat­he­ma­ti­cal sta­tis­tics and met­hods of a syner­ge­tic system of ave­ra­ging da­ta.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SELF-QUOTIENT IMAGE METHODS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Parubochyi V. O. , Shuvar R. Ya. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: April 2021

Lighting Normalization is an especially important issue in the image recognitions systems since different illumination conditions can significantly change the recognition results, and the lighting normalization allows minimizing negative effects of various illumination conditions. In this paper, we are evaluating the recognition performance of several lighting normalization methods based on the Self-Quotient ImagE(SQI) method introduced by Haitao Wang, Stan Z. Li, Yangsheng Wang, and Jianjun Zhang. For evaluation, we chose the original implementation and the most perspective latest modifications of the original SQI method, including the Gabor Quotient ImagE(GQI) method introduced by Sanun Srisuk and Amnart Petpon in 2008, and the Fast Self-Quotient ImagE(FSQI) method and its modifications proposed by authors in previous works. We are proposing an evaluation framework which uses the Cropped Extended Yale Face Database B, which allows showing the difference of the recognition results for different illumination conditions. Also, we are testing all results using two classifiers: Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Linear Support Vector Classifier. This approach allows us not only to calculate recognition accuracy for each method and select the best method but also show the importance of the proper choice of the classification method, which can have a significant influence on recognition results. We were able to show the significant decreasing of recognition accuracy for un-processed (RAW) images with increasing the angle between the lighting source and the normal to the object. From the other side, our experiments had shown the almost uniform distribution of the recognition accuracy for images processed by lighting normalization methods based on the SQI method. Another showed but expected result represented in this paper is the increasing of the recognition accuracy with the increasing of the filter kernel size. However, the large filter kernel sizes are much more computationally expensive and can produce negative effects on output images. Also, we were shown in our experiments, that the second modification of the FSQI method, called FSQI3, is better almost in all cases for all filter kernel sizes, especially, if we use Linear Support Vector Classifier for classification.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF HEAT TRANSFER IN ELEMENTS OF TURBO GENERATORS (CONTINUED)
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Havrysh V. I. , Bilinskyi B. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Korol O. S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shkrab R. R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Zimoha I. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

Previously developed [8] and presented new mathematical models for the analysis of temperature regimes in individual elements of turbo generators, which are geometrically described by isotropic half-space and space with an internal heat source of cylindrical shape. Cases are also considered for half-space, when the fuel-releasing cylinder is thin, and for space, when it is heat-sensitive. For this purpose, using the theory of generalized functions, the initial differential equations of thermal conductivity with boundary conditions are written in a convenient form. To solve the obtained boundary value problems of thermal conductivity, the integral Hankel transformation was used, and as a result, analytical solutions in the images were obtained. The inverse Hankel integral transformation was applied to these solutions, which made it possible to obtain the final analytical solutions of the initial problems. The obtained analytical solutions are presented in the form of improper convergent integrals. Computational programs have been developed to determine the numerical values ​​of temperature in the above structures, as well as to analyze the heat transfer in the elements of turbo generators due to different temperature regimes due to heating by internal heat sources concentrated in the cylinder volume. Using these programs, graphs are presented that show the behavior of curves constructed using numerical values ​​of the temperature distribution depending on the spatial radial and axial coordinates. The obtained numerical values ​​of temperature indicate the correspondence of the given mathematical models for determining the temperature distribution to the real physical process. The software also allows you to analyze media with internal heating, concentrated in the spatial figures of the correct geometric shape, in terms of their heat resistance. As a result, it becomes possible to increase it, to determine the allowable temperatures of normal operation of turbo generators, to protect them from overheating, which can cause the destruction of not only individual elements but also the entire structure.
ANALYSIS OF THE ERROR OF COMPUTATION FAST TRANSFORMS OF FOURIER CLASS BASED ON CYCLIC CONVOLUTIONS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Protsko I. O. , Ostrovka D. V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

The features of the computational model of discrete transforms of Fourier class based on cyclic convolutions to determine the algorithmic calculation error are analyzed. Based on the approach of efficient computation of discrete transforms of Fourier class of arbitrary size N, using of a hashing array to transform a discrete basis matrix into a set of block-cyclic submatrices, the components of computational costs are considered. These components of computational costs depend on the type of transform, the size and the block-cycle structure of the transformation core. Examples of computational model and block-cyclic structure of matrices of simplified arguments of basis functions for mutually inverse discrete cosine transforms of types II, III are given. The computational model characterizes the accumulation of rounding errors at the stages of adding input data, computing cyclic convolutions, combining the results of convolutions. Discrete cyclic convolutions can be implemented using fast algorithms or a type of system that corresponds to digital filters with finite pulse characteristics. The possibility of parallel computation of the reduced number of cyclic convolutions makes the analysis of errors insensitive to rearrangement of their computations. The multiplication operations performed when computing the cyclic convolution uses a smaller number of basis coefficients equal to N/4 or N/2 depending on the size of transform. The formats of representation of real numbers in computer systems are considered, which also determine the magnitude of the computational error of transforms. The results of direct and fast computation of discrete cosine transform of type II based on cyclic convolutions with size N=58 in the format wit floating point of double precision and computation error between them are presented. The apriori process of studying the transform errors of the corresponding type and size by the method of mathematical modeling and computational experiment is approximate, which allows to predict the statistical averages of the accuracy of computing the discrete Fourier transform of arbitrary size based on cyclic convolutions.
INTRODUCTION OF THE INFORMATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEM "UNIBELL" IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Prydatko O. V. , Burak N. Ye. ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Dzen V. Ye. ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Kunynets M. S. ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety
Published: April 2021

Scientific work is aimed to identifying problem areas during distance educational process and to development of services that could help of solving them. Empirical methods and methods of real-life observation were used to collect the initial data for study. Processing of the obtained data is performed on the basis of using analytical methods and methods of expert evaluations. This allowed to identify weaknesses at distance education organization and to form a list of necessary services, which development and implementation will improve the quality of distance and inpatient educational process and education situation generally. The study identified and characterized the range of internal stakeholders of the educational environment, to meet the needs of which the development of these services is aimed. The results of empirical observations are presented using of set theory. To identify priority of declared services on the range for immediate implementation were provided their detailed analysis that showed high needs of an informational reference system development for remote access to the schedule with its further integration into educational environment. The proposed system is called "UniBell". This system is the part of education project "Smart-University", the main purpose of which is to integrate Universities into modern digital environment. Also, study defined the term "Smart University" or "Smart Educational Environment" and described main functionalities, general architecture and features of separate client as well as server parts of the "UniBell" service. Furthermore, features of additional subsystems of server part management, implemented with the use of software technologies.Net, Java and the language of structured queries SQL were highlighted. The model of client-server architecture, as well as algorithms for accounting and control of the training schedule have formed the basis for the development of an existing application for the Android operating system with the ability to download it via Google Play. The analysis of educational process virtualization has identified the main factors that may affect the educational process quality in the format of distance learning. The results of the analysis have become the basis for developing the architecture and algorithm of information system "UniBell" tasked to organize remote access to the training schedule using mobile technology. Using the conceptual apparatus of set theory, the volumes of internal stakeholders are investigated have been characterized, which provides a solid basis and target audience for further research on the effectiveness of the developed system in the Lviv State University of Life Safety educational environment.
INNOVATIVE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES INSTRUCTION AT UKRAINIAN HIGHER SCHOOLS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shunevych B. I. , Drapalyuk H. S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pyndyk N. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2021

The global process of transition to the information society, as well as economic, political and social changes that accompany it, accelerate the reform of the Ukrainian education system. First of all, it concerns providing access to education and training for all people who have the necessary skills and knowledge. The effective solution of these problems is facilitated by distance and blended learning, carried out on the basis of modern pedagogical, information and telecommunication technologies. In the article the ways of organizing blended teaching/learning of foreign languages in Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEI) are analyzed; types of software used for creating educational materials by means of innovative computer technologies to organize blended language learning are revealed; the prospects of using electronic materials of known platforms of online courses for teaching languages as supplements to distance courses compiled by the lecturers of the Department of Foreign Languages at Lviv Polytechnic National University on the basis of Lviv Polytechnic virtual learning environment (VLE) are considered. Materials of research are as follows: dissertations, scientific papers, materials of Ukrainian and international scientific and practical conferences, published by lecturers of foreign languages at Ukrainian higher education institutions, as well as web pages of these institutions and software for compiling educational materials. On the basis of the analyzed materials, partially presented in the article, it was revealed that for organization of blended learning the lecturers of Foreign Language Departments at HEI, in addition to traditional educational materials for full-time study (manuals, dictionaries, audio and video recordings, etc.), actively use: electronic materials compiled by means of different types of tools in open access; portal materials for language learning; distance courses or their elements compiled by means of the VLE of their educational institutions; educational materials of the platforms of mass open online courses (MOOC). Lecturers of the Department of Foreign Languages at Lviv Polytechnic National University have used MOOC for their students teaching since January 2019. English language practical classes, held at Lviv Polytechic for the first year students, demonstrated that the students using successfully the materials of distance course, compiled by the lecturers of the Department of Foreign Languages for their students, can improve better their knowledge of the language than the rest students. The further researches will be concerned to description of the techniques for organization of foreign languages blended learning by incorporating the materials of the MOOC platforms in the course of classes with full-time and part-time students.
CRITICAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT OF NON-LINGUISTIC STUDENTS THROUGH THE EDUCATIONAL FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TEXT
Authors: Шукурова Инна Вячеславовна , Чеснокова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается вопрос развития критического мышления студентов средствами иностранного языка. Оценивается место и роль дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в развитии универсальных компетенций студентов и в их адаптации к современным требованиям, предъявляемым будущим специалистам. Представлены составляющие умения критического мышления, которые позволяют осмысливать полученную информацию, обобщать и отделять ее от второстепенных фактов, формулировать выводы, оценивать. Средством развития критического мышления студентов выбран учебный иноязычный текст, который рассматривается не только как источник информации, но и как средство активизации мыслительной деятельности. Отмечается недостаток методик, способствующих развитию критического мышления. Описывается возможность использования таксономии педагогических целей Б. Блума в работе с учебным текстом. Таксономия позволяет правильно ставить образовательные цели, формулировать мотивирующие задания и отслеживать прогресс в развитии умений. Приведен пример работы с учебным текстом по принципу таксономии, который дает возможность корректировать учебную деятельность студентов, направленную на развитие их критического мышления.

The article considers the process of students’ critical thinking development through the English language resources. The authors highlight the importance of English in the developing of students’ universal competencies and their adaption to the current professional requirements. The article outlines the essential critical thinking skills that allow students to comprehend the received material, break down the material into its constituent parts, to distinguish relevant information from extraneous material, to synthesize, to infer and evaluate it. The educational foreign-language text is used as a means of students’ critical thinking development. The authors emphasize the text’s multifunction nature and its contribution into enhancement of students’ thinking activity. Despite the teachers’ keen interest in the process of critical thinking developing some authors prove the lack of methods and techniques promoting its growth. The article gives an overview of Bloom’s taxonomy and outlines its application in the educational process. The taxonomy is widely used to set educational objectives, to formulate motivating exercises and monitor headway in knowledge and skills developing. The study shows that not all textbooks and tasks are intended to enhance critical thinking skills. So, the authors analyzed their English textbook and changed their approach to work with the texts. The article describes the experience proving that new challenging tasks help students comprehend the received information, distinguish relevant facts, summarize and learn to evaluate.
REVIEW ON THE BOOK BY ANDREAS SCHLEICHER “WORLD-CLASS EDUCATION. HOW TO BUILD A SCHOOL SYSTEM OF THE 21ST CENTURY?” (translation from English by I. S. Denisenko, I. Yu. Oblachko; Foreword by S. S. Kravtsova. Moscow, Natsional’noye Obrazovaniye Publ., 2019. 336 p. (Anthology of Education)).
Authors: Поздеева Светлана Ивановна
Published: April 2021

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STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE AWARENESS ON LINGUISTICS PROBLEMS DURING NEGOTIATION OF MEANING IN PAIR WORK DISCUSSION.
Authors: Flora Flora
Published: April 2021

The objectives of this study are :1) to describe linguistics problems produced by the students during the negotiation of meaning in pair work discussion, and 2) to describe the students’ language awareness (willingness and unwillingness to correct the linguistics problems). This study applied descriptive quantitative design and the subjects are 3 pairs consisting of high-high (H-H) learner, high and low (H-L) learner and low- low (L-L) learner. All of them are the fourth semester students of English department of teachers training faculty of Lampung University in academic 2018/2019. Each pair was given a topic (chosing 5 personality traits that a teacher should have). Each pair discussed the topic and during the discussion, all their utterances were recorded, transcribed and were analyzed based on relevant theories. The results show that each pair produced linguistics problems, such as grammatical and vocabulary. Most of the learners, especially H-L and L-L are not aware of linguistics problems because they focus more on the message across. Eventhough some of the pairs are aware of linguistics problems and are willing to correct them, it does not guarantee that the input can be internalized by their pairs since they focus more on meaning during the interaction. Therefore, it is suggested further researchers investigate this phenomena.
An Investigation of Factors Affecting Financial Distress: Analysis Among PN17 Companies in Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Suhaily Maizan Abdul Manaf  , Nor Farah Hanim Amzah  , Wan Anisabanum Salleh
Published: April 2021

Financial distress is a condition of problems in corporate financing, in which there is a means of inability to pay to a creditor and is at risk of bankruptcy in the future. Those publicly listed companies having financial problems and any related issues will fall under Practice Note 17 (PN17). To have a better understanding, this study has aimed to examine the factors affecting financial distress among the PN17 companies in Bursa Malaysia for ten years of analysis, using data from 2008 to 2017. A total of 154 observations have been taken from 17 companies by using the Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS) and Random Effect Model (Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian Multiplier Test). Profitability, size of firm, sales growth, liquidity, and leverage have been chosen as independent variables, while total debt acts as a dependent variable for this investigation. Findings suggest that liquidity, size of firm, and leverage have a significant impact on financial distress, while profitability and growth sales have it in the other direction. A further implication is that it is beneficial for those companies and investors to make wise decisions on short- and long-term investments towards their shareholdings.
RESISTANCE OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS: REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: LUNG C. , MARCONI D. , POP M. , POP A.V.
Published: April 2021

The origin of resistance and its relation to the superconducting mechanism remain a profound, unsolved mystery. Currently, model parameters used to fit normal state properties are specific and vary arbitrarily from one doping. This short review illustrates the electrical resistivity of ceramic high temperature superconductors copper oxides. The article gives a summary of the prevailing arguments of researchers to relate the material to ceramic HTS compounds.
Strukturasi proses produksi film horor Pengabdi Setan: Perspektif ekonomi politik
Authors: Wahid Umaimah , Agustina Shena
Published: April 2021

Film tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai media hiburan. Film juga berperan dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan ideologi yang secara sadar atau tidak sadar menjadi bagian nilai yang diyakini oleh penonton. Di samping itu, alasan produksi film horor meningkat karena nilai ekonomi dan politik yang menjadi bagian dari struktur dan agen-agen sosial. Salah satu film horor fenomenal pada tahun 2017 adalah film Pengabdi Setan karya Joko Anwar yang meraih jumlah penonton 4,2 juta orang. Penelitian menggunakan teori strukturasi Anthony Gidden dan perspektif ekonomi politik Vincent Mosco. Objek penelitian adalah struktur sosial dan agen dalam proses pembuatan film. Subjek penelitian adalah para pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pembuatan film. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dihasilkan melalui teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa proses produksi film terdiri dari pra produksi, produksi dan pasca produksi. Semua proses melibatkan agen-agen sosial yang terikat dengan struktur sosial dan produksi film sangat tergantung pada nilai ideologi dan ekonomi politik. Nilai ekonomi menjadi tujuan utama film Pengabdi Setan diproduksi ulang dengan berbagai prubahan menyesuaikan struktur sosial penonton saat ini. Proses produksi terkooptasi oleh niai-nilai yang mengikat struktur perfilman Indonesia, khususnya dalam pembuatan film. Film Pengabdi Setan telah mampu menciptakan ketidaksadaran masyarakat terhadap realitas isi film sebagai representasi langsung masyarakat yang terikat oleh struktur dimana film diproduksi.
Aplicação de sensores de baixo custo na estimativa da evapotranspiração potencial
Authors: Carvalho Ailton Alves , Medeiros Victor Wanderley Costa de , Gonçalves Glauco Estácio
Published: April 2021

A agricultura irrigada vem enfrentando grandes desafios relacionados à escassez de água em qualidade e quantidade, principalmente no Nordeste brasileiro. O manejo adequado da irrigação durante o desenvolvimento da cultura é essencial para melhorar a produção agrícola, porém, poucos produtores rurais realizam o manejo de irrigação de forma adequada devido, principalmente, aos custos elevados da instrumentação e automação da irrigação. Neste contexto, este estudo apresenta um sistema de irrigação automatizado que utiliza uma microestação meteorológica de baixo custo para determinação da demanda de água e controle do tempo de acionamento do sistema. A microestação é composta por um sensor de umidade e temperatura do ar, acoplado a um abrigo meteorológico, um microcontrolador para coleta e processamento dos dados e posterior acionamento do sistema de irrigação. A evapotranspiração de referência para o cálculo do tempo de irrigação é baseada no método de Romanenko que utiliza apenas informações de temperatura e umidade do ar. Para validação das capturas de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, realizou-se comparação das leituras fornecidas pelo sensor da estação meteorológica automática padrão localizada no Município de Pesqueira, PE. Constatou-se um ótimo coeficiente de determinação para a temperatura e umidade do ar, com R² de 0,98 e 0,86, respectivamente. A microestação meteorológica apresentou ótimo desempenho na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência pelo método de Romanenko calibrado, sendo recomendada com alto grau de confiança no processo de automação de irrigação.
A Study on the utilization of coffee grounds for particle board
Authors: Maulida Cut Rizka , Mursal Mursal , Ismail Ismail
Published: April 2021

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat papan partikel dengan menggunakan limbah ampas kopi dan resin epoksi sebagai perekat. Komposisi resin epoksi divariasikan yaitu 5, 10, 15 dan 20 vol.% untuk masing-masing partikel ampas kopi berukuran 20 dan 40 mesh. Papan partikel dibuat dengan teknik pressing dengan beban sebesar 9 ton selama 30 menit. Sifat mekanik yang diuji adalah MOE, MOR, dan kuat tekan. Sifat fisis papan partikel yang diuji adalah kerapatan dan pengembangan tebal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai MOE tertinggi yaitu 20,910 kgf/cm2 pada komposisi 95 vol.% ampas kopi dan 5 vol.% resin epoksi dengan ukuran ampas kopi 40 mesh. MOR tertinggi yaitu 167 kgf/cm2 pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan komposisi ampas kopi 90 vol.% dan resin epoksi 10 vol.%. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi diperoleh 220 kgf/cm2 pada 20 mesh, dengan komposisi 85 vol.% ampas kopi dan 15 vol.% resin epoksi. Kerapatan dan pengembangan tebal papan partikel yang tertinggi masing-masing adalah 1,16 g/cm3 dan 0,85%. Secara umum, sifat mekanis papan partikel ampas kopi tergantung pada komposisi dan ukuran partikel ampas kopi. Namun, sifat fisisnya tidak berubah secara signifikan untuk ukuran partikel dan komposisi yang berbeda. Papan partikel yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini memenuhi standar ANSI sehingga berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai papan partikel atau komposit. Abstract.. This study aims to make a particle board using coffee ground waste and epoxy resin as an adhesive. The composition of the epoxy resin was varied, namely 5, 10, 15 and 20 vol.% for 20 mesh and 40 mesh of coffee grounds particles. Particle board is made by pressing technique with a load of 9 tons for 30 minutes. The mechanical properties tested were MOE, MOR, and compressive strength. The physical properties of the particle board tested were density and thickness swelling. The results showed that the highest MOE particle board was 20.910 kgf/cm2 (95 vol.% coffee grounds:5 vol.% epoxy resin; 40 mesh). The highest MOR was 167 kgf/cm2 (90 vol.% coffee grounds:10 vol.% epoxy resin;40 mesh). The hihgest compressive strength values was 220 kgf/cm2 (85 vol.% coffee grounds:15 vol.% epoxy resin;20 mesh). The highest density and thickness expansion were 1.16 g/cm3 and 0.85%, respectively. In general, the mechanical properties of coffee grounds particleboard depend on the composition and particle size of coffee grounds. However, their physical properties do not change significantly for different particle sizes and compositions. The particle board obtained from this study meets the standard of ANSI. Thus, coffee grounds have the potential to be used as particle board or composite. Keywords particle board, coffee grounds, epoxy resin, mechanical properties, physical properties
The Impact of Status Differentials and Facilitated Feedback on Observer Responses to Abusive Supervision
Authors: Chan Zoe
Published: April 2021

When do third parties, individuals who are not the direct target of an act of mistreatment, choose to intervene or abstain from addressing abusive supervision on behalf of a target? Despite progress on understanding the causes and outcomes of abusive supervision, little research examines third-party reactions, and even less devotes attention to contextual factors that shape observer reactions. Given that supervisor-subordinate interactions are situated within and influenced by the broader environment that shapes individuals’ interpersonal relationships and work experiences, this oversight is critical to understanding when observers of abusive supervision choose to intervene on behalf of victims. Drawing from Opotow’s (1995) moral exclusion theory, this study investigates the implications of perceived utility in relation to a victim’s performance and status relative to the supervisor. To narrow the gap between an observer’s intended actions and actual behaviour towards addressing perceived mistreatment, this study introduces the use of facilitated feedback as a protective mechanism against the perceived status differences and risks of retaliation that may deter from expressing supervisory concerns. Through conducting a scenario laboratory experiment among 240 undergraduate students, this study offers practical insights and research implications into the contextual mechanisms that either facilitate or hinder confrontational responses towards abusive supervisors.
Estimating Central Bank Reaction Functions Post 2008: USA and Switzerland
Authors: Cross-Bermingham William
Published: April 2021

Almost all central banks worldwide have a common goal of keeping inflation low and stable while simultaneously maintaining the health of their country’s financial system. By studying the Swiss National Bank and the US Federal Reserve, this paper investigates whether a single model can be used to capture these two mandates – both in times of economic stability and in times of crisis.

Ultimately, using differences between market interest rates as a "barometer of fears of bank insolvency" the model presented in this paper is able to detect when a crisis is occurring. Furthermore, it is able to describe the change in central bank behaviour associated with said crisis.

The value of the model is in its simplicity, it only uses four macroeconomic variables to provide accurate forecasts. Furthermore, monetary economists are highly interested in simple models to determine the optimal interest rate. Such types of models are associated with the "Great Moderation" – a time period from the 1980s – 1990s where a reduction in the volatility of the business cycle was linked to a strict rule-based approach to monetary policy. Insight into these rules can ultimately improve the welfare of all citizens by allowing central banks to handle economic crises more effectively.
1. Investigating the Link Between Kinematic, Kinetic and Muscular Symmetry in Young Adults 12 or More Months post-ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Allen Rachel
Published: April 2021

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after primary reconstruction and return-to-sport clearance is common. Since research indicates asymmetry as a valid predictor of injury, it is proposed that inter-limb asymmetry following ACL reconstruction contributes to the elevated incidence of re-injury in this population. Current return-to-sport protocol include objective tests such as joint laxity and strength tests, as well as single leg hop and drop landing tests. Since these assessments are based on visual observation, or simple kinematics measurements, it is unclear how visual asymmetry reflects the underlying joint forces and muscular effort responsible for the performance in these tasks. This study aims to assess the asymmetry present at the kinematic, kinetic, and motor control levels to clarify the after-effects of ACL reconstruction. This pilot study will help us appreciate if additional work exploring screening measures as effective tools for predicting ACL injury following primary reconstruction is warranted. Standard techniques will be used to measure the kinematics, joint kinetics and muscle activation during this 25-repetition squat protocol. Correlations will compare the left and right lower limbs for joint angular displacement, joint angular velocity, joint power, vertical ground reaction forces, and muscle activation amplitude.
Nurses’ Knowledge Level about High-Alert Medications
Authors: GÜNEŞ Ülkü , OZTURK Huri , ÜLKER Elçin
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications. Method: This descriptive study was conducted in the clinics of a university hospital where high-alert medications were frequently administered. The study population comprised of 187 nurses. Nurses' Knowledge of High-Alert Medications Questionnaire was used for evaluation. The items were rated on a 3-point Likert type scale. The scale has two subscales: “Drug administration” and “Drug regulation”. Results: In the study whose sample included 77 nurses, the response rate was 57%. The correct response rate was 61% for the “Drug administration” subscale and 62.1% for the “Drug regulation” subscale. The item with the lowest correct response rate (7.8%) in the “Drug administration” subscale was “Chemotherapeutic drugs’ doses should be calculated according to body surface area in adults and according to body weight in children”. The item with the lowest correct response rate (10.4%) in the “Drug regulation” subscale was “For pediatric dosage calculations, teaspoon units should be used”. Conclusion: The results of the present study supported the assumption that nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications is inadequate.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF INTERACTION OF THE VIBRATION FIELD ROLLER WITH COMPACTED SOIL
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russia, Tarasov V. N. , Boyarkina I. V. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russia, Serebrennikov V. S. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

Получены дифференциальные уравнения динамического взаимодействия вибрационного жесткого вальца с уплотняемым строительным грунтом, установлены связи геометрических параметров вальца с характеристиками грунта и технологическими параметрами процесса уплотнения грунта. Вынуждающая радиальная сила вибровозбудителя заменена вертикальной вынуждающей среднедействующей постоянной силой. Взаимодействие вибрационного вальца с грунтом рассматривается в течение полуоборота дебаланса вибровозбудителя, в течение которого осуществляется однократное воздействие вальца на уплотняемый грунт. Сила реакции взаимодействия вальца с грунтом записана с использованием линейного закона Гука, что позволило получить аналитическое решение, адекватное реальному процессу уплотнения грунта вибрационным вальцом.
THE ACTIVE SYSTEM OF VIBRATION ISOLATION WITH DIGITAL TWIN AND CONTROL BY ACCELERATION
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Burian Yu. A. , Sitnikov D. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Silkov M. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Belkov V. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: April 2021

Работе рассмотрена возможность построения активной системы, в которой динамическая сила, возникающая в агрегате и вызывающая вибрацию основания, компенсируется инерционной силой, действующей в противофазе и генерируемой за счет управляемого движения дополнительного груза. Компенсация производится электродинамическим приводом, прямолинейное перемещение подвижной массы которого осуществляется экстремальной системой управления с использованием цифрового двойника пассивной системы и информацией по ускорению. Предложенный в работе алгоритм управления электродинамическим компенсатором с использованием цифрового двойника и управлением только по ускорению обеспечивает эффективность виброизоляции и в значительной степени повышает возможность практического применения подобных устройств без изменения конструктивного исполнения пассивной системы.