bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does COVID-19 infection have an impact on children’s psychological problems?
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Elbeh Khaled , Gomaa Hamdy M. , Soliman Saeed
Published: October 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on children, adolescents, and their families. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of children’s psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association of COVID-19 infection in children and their risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 148 children aged 6–12 years old categorized into 2 groups based on COVID-19 infection history. Participants were assessed by the Socioeconomic Scale and the Checklist for Children’s Behavior (CBCL).

Results

Children who had COVID-19 had a high percentage of problems regarding family, school, social, financial, and parent problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding CBCL, children who had COVID-19 infection had a higher percentage of clinical rating than the other group regarding withdrawal (11.1% vs. 8.9%), anxious/depressed (33.3% vs. 25%), somatic (11.1% vs. 10.7%), internalizing (61.1% vs. 48.2%), externalizing (38.9% vs. 35.7%), and total problems (50% vs. 44.6%). Family history of psychiatric disorder and the presence of three or more offspring were at high risk for internalizing problems, while those with school problems during pandemic were more vulnerable for internalizing and total problems.

Conclusion

Children with COVID-19 infection had a higher risk of developing psychological problems, such as withdrawal, anxiety/depression, somatic, internalizing, externalizing, and total problems.
Cost analysis of a coaching intervention to increase use of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Duan Kevin I. , Helfrich Christian D. , Rao Sunil V. , Neely Emily L. , Sulc Christine A. , Naranjo Diana , Wong Edwin S.
Published: October 2021

Background

The transradial approach (TRA) to cardiac catheterization is safer than the traditional transfemoral approach (TFA), with similar clinical effectiveness. However, adoption of TRA remains low, representing less than 50% of catheterization procedures in 2015. Peer coaching is one approach to facilitate implementation; however, the costs of this strategy for cardiac procedures such as TRA are unclear.

Methods

We conducted an activity-based costing analysis (ABC) of a multi-center, hybrid type III implementation trial of a coaching intervention designed to increase the use of TRA. We identified the key activities of the intervention and determined the personnel, resources, and time needed to complete each activity. The personnel cost per hour and the activity duration were then used to estimate the cost of each activity and the total variable cost of the implementation. Fixed costs related to designing and running the implementation were calculated separately. All costs are reported in 2019 constant US dollars.

Results

The total cost of the coaching intervention implementation was $374,863. Of the total cost, $367,752 were variable costs due to travel, preparatory work, in-person coaching, post-intervention evaluation, and administrative time. We estimated fixed costs of $7112. The mean marginal cost of implementing the intervention at only one additional medical center was $52,536.

Conclusions

We provide granular cost estimates of a conceptually rooted implementation strategy designed to increase the uptake of TRA for cardiac catheterization. We estimate that implementation costs stemming from the coaching approach would be offset after the conversion of approximately 409 to 1363 catheterizations from TFA to TRA. Our estimates provide benchmarks of the expected costs of implementing evidence-based, but expertise-intensive, cardiac procedures.

Trial registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN66341299. Registered 7 July 2020—retrospectively registered
Driven-dissipative Ising model: Dynamical crossover at weak dissipation
Authors: Paz Daniel A. , Maghrebi Mohammad F.
Published: October 2021

Driven quantum systems coupled to an environment typically exhibit effectively thermal behavior with relaxational dynamics near criticality. However, a different qualitative behavior might be expected in the weakly dissipative limit due to the competition between coherent dynamics and weak dissipation. In this work, we investigate a driven-dissipative infinite-range Ising model in the presence of individual atomic dissipation, a model that emerges from the paradigmatic open Dicke model in the large-detuning limit. We show that the system undergoes a dynamical crossover from relaxational dynamics, with a characteristic dynamical exponent

, to underdamped critical dynamics governed by the exponent

in the weakly dissipative regime; a behavior that is markedly distinct from that of equilibrium. Finally, utilizing an exact diagrammatic representation, we demonstrate that the dynamical crossover to underdamped criticality is not an artifact of the mean-field nature of the model and persists even in the presence of short-range perturbations.
Schwinger effect of quantum steering for Gaussian states in an electric field
Authors: Gong Xiaolong , Yang Ying , Liu Tonghua
Published: October 2021

In the work, we study the quantum steering for a continuous-variable two-mode squeezed vacuum state shared by Alice and Bob, where Bob's mode experiences a Schwinger effect of a constant electric field. We find that the steering between Alice and Bob decreases with the increasing of the electric field, at the same time the steering between Bob and Anti-Bob is generated. The steering from Alice to Bob results in “sudden death” in the decreasing process, while the steering from Bob to Alice can survive forever. In the production of the steering between Bob and Anti-Bob, the steering from Anti-Bob to Bob shows “sudden birth”, while the steering in the opposite direction is asymptotical. More importantly, we find that the “sudden death” and “sudden birth” appear at the same parameter point, where the steering difference reaches the maximum and the steering transforms between one-way and two-way steering. Moreover, we investigate the case of pulsed electric field, and make a comparison with the case of constant electric field.
АКТИВНОСТЬ СВОБОДНЫХ РАДИКАЛОВ КИСЛОРОДА У ЛОШАДЕЙ ПРИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАГРУЗКАХ РАЗНОЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ
Authors: Kolenchukova Oksana A. , Stepanova Lyudmila V. , Fedotova Arina S. , Kolomeytsev Alexander V. , Makarov Andrey V.
Published: October 2021

Целью исследования являлось изучение активности свободных радикалов кислорода у спортивных лошадей до и после физических нагрузок разной интенсивности. Для этого у 21 спортивной лошади тракененской породы со специализацией «выездка» в возрасте от 4 до 18 лет отбирались нейтрофильные гранулоциты, сыворотка крови и слюна. Тестирование лошадей проводили до и после тренировок с низкой, средней и высокой интенсивностями. Определяли частоту дыхательных движений, сердечных сокращений и электрокардиограмму. Гематологический и биохимический анализ крови лошадей проводили по общепринятой методике. Первичные, вторичные и третичные радикалы кислорода в образцах оценивали с помощью хемилюминесцентного анализа. В результате отмечали повышенную активность оксидантной и антиоксидантной ферментативных систем при минимальной и средней нагрузках и антиоксидантной системы при максимальной физической нагрузке. При постепенном повышении физической активности происходит адаптация организма лошадей к испытываемым нагрузкам и, в результате, не происходит изменения активности свободных радикалов (прооксидантов и оксидантов). При этом систолический показатель лошадей – зубец Р, достоверно повышен для физической нагрузки малой интенсивности относительно показателей средней интенсивности. Результаты гематологических и биохимических исследований крови находились в диапазоне физиологической нормы до и после тренировок. При этом количество гемоглобина повышалось на большую величину при физической нагрузке малой интенсивности и на меньшую величину – при высокой интенсивности. Количество эритроцитов снижалось с повышением интенсивности физической нагрузки, а количество лейкоцитов, наоборот, возрастало. Выявлено повышение общего белка и снижение концентрации глюкозы с ростом интенсивности физической нагрузки.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТИ ПРИ ПНЕВМОНИЯХ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ
Authors: Shklyaev Aleksey E. , Lyalina Anastasia S , Khamadullin Ayrat A. , Shabelnik Andrey V. , Ilyin Stanislav V.
Published: October 2021

Обоснование. Истинные причины летальности и факторы риска при пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19, требуют детального анализа.

Цель: уточнить факторы риска летального исхода при пневмонии, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2.

Материалы и методы. Обследовано 196 пациентов с пневмонией коронавирусной этиологии. Группу наблюдения составили 68 больных с летальным исходом, группу сравнения – 128 пациентов, выписанных с улучшением. Оценка значимости факторов риска летального исхода проводилась с помощью определения величины относительного риска и этиологической фракции. Результаты исследования подверглись статистической обработке с вычислением средних величин, ошибок средних величин, критерия достоверности показателей Стьюдента (t).

Результаты. Вероятность летального исхода у пациентов с пневмонией, вызванной COVID-19, повышается при увеличении возраста пациентов, у проживающих в городе, при длительном сохранении лихорадочного синдрома, необходимости повторной госпитализации и перевода в реанимационное отделение, большом объеме поражения. Увеличивают риск летального исхода дыхательная недостаточность III степени, почечная недостаточность, плеврит, токсическое поражение печени, гематомы различной локализации. Усугубляют течение инфекции COVID-19 хроническая сердечная недостаточность, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких. Лабораторными предикторами неблагоприятного исхода являются цитопении (лимфопения, тромбоцитопения, анемия), значительное повышение СОЭ, СРБ, Д-димера.

Заключение. Своевременное выявление и учет факторов риска летального исхода позволят корригировать объем лечебных мероприятий с целью улучшения прогноза для жизни пациентов с COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонией.
Form No. 5-audit and Other Non-Annual Materials of Statistical Audit Reports
Authors: Guttsayt E.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the recently published form of statistical reporting No. 5-audit, which is filled out once every five years, in comparison with other non-annual sources of obtaining information about the audit services market. It shows great opportunities for studying this market in the case of introducing indicators of the number of completed contracts in the entire market and in its main sectors into the form under consideration. Other proposals are also formulated to improve the form No. 5-audit and other statistical materials related to the specified market.
Using a Risk-Based Approach in Preparation of Corporate Sustainability Reporting by Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Doan Thi Lok
Published: October 2021

The article presents the author’s approach to the formation of corporate reporting of public companies using the example of the oil and gas industry. The key risks of sustainable development are disclosed that correspond to the interests of various significant groups of the company’s stakeholders. The approbation results of a typical corporate reporting model for oil and gas companies in the Petrolimex report (Vietnam) are presented.
Accuracy of reporting estimated blood loss in open repair of pelvic and acetabular fractures
Authors: Sharifi Kavon , Moreno Tanir , Dhanasekara Samudani , Ivos Mia , Van Spronsen Nicole , Chung Caroline , Caroom Cyrus , Richmond Robyn , Santos Ariel
Published: October 2021

Background: Pelvic injuries after blunt trauma are often repaired with open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF), often resulting in high blood loss. We compare calculations of estimated perioperative blood loss (EPBL) against reported intraoperative blood loss (RIBL) by visual estimation to evaluate their accuracy during ORIF for pelvic fractures.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a Level 1 trauma center. 142 patients requiring ORIF of acetabular and/or pelvic ring fracture between ages 18 to 89 years from 3/1/2017 to 2/28/2019 were included. EPBL was calculated by Gross Method. Statistical analyses were conducted using R statistical software. Medians and inter-quartile ranges were used to summarize variables. A two-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed. The agreement and reproducibility of RIBL and EPBL were examined with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and Bland-Altman plots.
Results: Median RIBL was 450 mL [250, 800], while median EPBL was 2142 mL [1213, 3607]. The median difference was -1692 mL (p<0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed consistent under-reporting in RIBL versus EPBL. A proportional bias (p<0.001), indicated that the level of bias was not constant between levels of blood loss. The CCC between RIBL and EPBL was 0.076 [-0.016, 0.167]. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was 0.213 (p=0.011). RIBL and EPBL had a weak positive correlation.
Discussion: Blood loss during ORIF calculated by EPBL was significantly higher than RIBL. Our results suggest that blood loss reporting may be inaccurate in ORIF of pelvic fractures. These findings necessitate formulation of an accurate method permitting proper blood loss reporting.
Keywords: postoperative blood loss; surgical blood loss; orthopedic surgery; estimation techniques
Dasatinib-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Dave Dhara , Kimbugwe John , Hazam Randa , Tasnim Saria , Patel Manish
Published: October 2021

The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib is a potent treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, it is associated with pulmonary toxicities. Commonly reported dasatinib related pulmonary toxicities include pleural effusion, lung parenchymal abnormalities, and pulmonary hypertension. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) during treatment with dasatinib is very rare. To the best of our knowledge there are only two cases reported. Here we report a 57-year-old Caucasian woman who developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure while on dasatinib for treatment of CML. She was diagnosed with DAH suspected to be secondary to dasatinib, after other common etiologies were ruled out. There was full recovery after stopping dasatinib and treatment with corticosteroids.
Keywords: Dasatinib, pulmonary toxicity, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, chronic myeloid leukemia
Aortic root abscess – a deadly complication of UTI-induced infective endocarditis
Authors: Anand Rohan , Rahesh Jasmin , Morales Carlos , Sethi Pooja
Published: October 2021

Aortic root abscess and endocarditis should be suspected in patients with bradycardia and sepsis. We present a case of a 76 year old male who presented with urinary tract infection and sepsis and developed bradycardia and ventricular stand still during hospital admission. Transthoracic echocardiogram was unrevealing; transesophageal echocardiogram showed prosthetic valve dehiscence and aortic root abscess, intracardiac fistula, and tricuspid valve endocarditis. This case highlights the importance of suspecting endocarditis in patients with sepsis and known source of infection, especially if blood cultures do not clear or conduction abnormalities develop.
Urban Bike Lane Planning with Bike Trajectories: Models, Algorithms, and a Real-World Case Study
Authors: Liu Sheng , Shen Zuo-Jun Max , Ji Xiang
Published: October 2021

Problem definition: We study an urban bike lane planning problem based on the fine-grained bike trajectory data, which are made available by smart city infrastructure, such as bike-sharing systems. The key decision is where to build bike lanes in the existing road network. Academic/practical relevance: As bike-sharing systems become widespread in the metropolitan areas over the world, bike lanes are being planned and constructed by many municipal governments to promote cycling and protect cyclists. Traditional bike lane planning approaches often rely on surveys and heuristics. We develop a general and novel optimization framework to guide the bike lane planning from bike trajectories. Methodology: We formalize the bike lane planning problem in view of the cyclists’ utility functions and derive an integer optimization model to maximize the utility. To capture cyclists’ route choices, we develop a bilevel program based on the Multinomial Logit model. Results: We derive structural properties about the base model and prove that the Lagrangian dual of the bike lane planning model is polynomial-time solvable. Furthermore, we reformulate the route-choice-based planning model as a mixed-integer linear program using a linear approximation scheme. We develop tractable formulations and efficient algorithms to solve the large-scale optimization problem. Managerial implications: Via a real-world case study with a city government, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and quantify the trade-off between the coverage of bike trips and continuity of bike lanes. We show how the network topology evolves according to the utility functions and highlight the importance of understanding cyclists’ route choices. The proposed framework drives the data-driven urban-planning scheme in smart city operations management.
Cluster-based routing and wavelength assignment for multiple multicasts in 3D Optical Network-on-Chip
Authors: Yang Wen , Chen Yawen , Huang Zhiyi , Zhang Haibo , Gu Huaxi , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2021

The combination of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) and Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC) can provide significant performance gains for Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs). Multicast communication is one of the most important inter-core communication primitives, which widely exists in parallel computing applications in CMPs. However, most existing schemes only focus on the optimization of one multicast, which limits the practical applications since real systems often have to handle multiple multicasts requested from various applications concurrently. In this paper, we target on routing and wavelength assignment for multiple multicasts in 3D ONoC, with the objective of reducing the number of wavelengths required. The main idea is to develop low-complexity routing policies to reduce the number of wavelengths required for routing multiple multicasts traffic by considering the distribution of multicast nodes in 3D ONoC. Extensive simulations with different traffic profiles reveal that our proposed scheme can reduce the number of wavelengths used by 33.1% compared to other schemes. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme has the advantages of low routing complexity, low wavelength requirement, and good scalability.
Opto-thermophoretic trapping of micro and nanoparticles with a 2 µm Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Mamuti Roukuya , Fuji Takao , Kudo Tetsuhiro
Published: October 2021

We propose a method for opto-thermophoretic trapping with a 2 µm Tm-doped fiber laser. The infrared continuous-wave laser beam is directly and strongly absorbed by water solution, and some local temperature gradient is generated around a focus. The particles are migrated along the temperature gradient, and form a hexagonal close-packed structure at a bottom-glass solution interface. On the other hand, the particles are not trapped in heavy water which does not absorb 2 µm light. The fact indicates that the local temperature elevation is the origin of this phenomenon. We have investigated the dependence of the phenomenon on the material, particle size, and laser power. To the best of our knowledge, 2 µm is the longest wavelength used for the opto-thermophoretic trapping.
Spectral noise reduction and temporal coherence control using a phase unsynchronized wave synthesizing method
Authors: Ando Hideo , Ukon Juichiro , Iwai Toshiaki , Nishidate Izumi
Published: October 2021

Highly accurate spectrometry requires spectral noise reduction. In this paper, we propose a phase unsynchronized wave synthesizing (PuwS) method that provides different optical path lengths for different wave elements obtained from the division of a wavefront and synthesizes the respective wave elements to have the same propagation direction. PuwS achieves spectral noise reduction and contributes to temporal coherence control. To confirm these properties observed in experimental data, we propose a series of analytical models based on a traditional wave train model. According to the analytical model, PuwS generates an ensemble average effect that prevents spectral noise and decreases the visibility of the spectral fringe pattern. The experimental data show that the spectral noise is reduced when the total number of wave elements increases. PuwS is found to drastically change the measured spectral profile of a silk sample, achieving highly accurate spectrometry. The data also show that a combination of PuwS and an appropriate diffuser decreases the spectral visibility regarding the temporal coherence more effectively than a conventional method using one or more diffusers.
Quantum barriers with a polarization self-screening effect for GaN-based VCSELs to increase the electron-hole stimulated recombination and output performance
Authors: Gao Yuanbin , Chu Chunshuang , Hang Sheng , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui , Zhou Jianwei
Published: October 2021

Hole injection is one of the fundamental limitations that affect the lasing power for GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In this report, a GaN-based VCSEL with a composition gradient quantum barrier (CGQB) structure is proposed and investigated. The designed InxGa1-xN quantum barrier has a linear gradient level of InN composition along the [0001] orientation, which is effective in reducing the energy band barrier height for holes. Furthermore, the polarization-induced bulk charges that are generated in the proposed quantum barriers can reduce the electric field magnitude in quantum wells, which is known as the polarization self-screening effect. Therefore, the hole injection and the electron-hole stimulated recombination rate can be both enhanced. We also find that although the hole injection can be enhanced and the polarization induced electric field in the quantum wells can be reduced, an increased gradient level of the InN composition for the polarization self-screened quantum barriers is not always favored. The reduced quantum barrier height will redistribute the energy subbands and make peak gain not coupled with the cavity resonance wavelength, which will decrease the lasing power. Hence, to avoid the substantial variation of the subbands, we suggest that the polarization self-screened active region shall possess properly thick quantum wells for maximizing the lasing power. Moreover, the optimized active region design can increase the 3dB frequency.
Diode pumped silicate fiber for yellow laser emission
Authors: Majewski Matthew R. , Jackson Stuart D.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate yellow laser emission using silicate glass fiber as the gain medium. By employing core pumping using widely available GaN diode lasers with emission at 445 nm, we show that Dy3+-doped aluminosilicate glass fiber can be readily excited creating sufficient gain at 581 nm. In this proof of concept demonstration, the maximum output power generated was 3 mW with a slope efficiency approximately 1.8% with respect to the injected pump. This first-in-class demonstration opens a new field within fiber laser research.
Spatial heterogeneity enhance robustness of large multi-species ecosystems
Authors: Pettersson Susanne , Nilsson Jacobi Martin
Published: October 2021

Understanding ecosystem stability and functioning is a long-standing goal in theoretical ecology, with one of the main tools being dynamical modelling of species abundances. With the help of spatially unresolved (well-mixed) population models and equilibrium dynamics, limits to stability and regions of various ecosystem robustness have been extensively mapped in terms of diversity (number of species), types of interactions, interaction strengths, varying interaction networks (for example plant-pollinator, food-web) and varying structures of these networks. Although many insights have been gained, the impact of spatial extension is not included in this body of knowledge. Recent studies of spatially explicit modelling on the other hand have shown that stability limits can be crossed and diversity increased for systems with spatial heterogeneity in species interactions and/or chaotic dynamics. Here we show that such crossing and diversity increase can appear under less strict conditions. We find that the mere possibility of varying species abundances at different spatial locations make possible the preservation or increase in diversity across previous boundaries thought to mark catastrophic transitions. In addition, we introduce and make explicit a multitude of different dynamics a spatially extended complex system can use to stabilise. This expanded stabilising repertoire of dynamics is largest at intermediate levels of dispersal. Thus we find that spatially extended systems with intermediate dispersal are more robust, in general have higher diversity and can stabilise beyond previous stability boundaries, in contrast to well-mixed systems.
Determination of hemicellulose, cellulose, holocellulose and lignin content using FTIR in Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. Schum. and Guazuma crinita Lam.
Authors: Javier-Astete Rosario , Jimenez-Davalos Jorge , Zolla Gaston
Published: October 2021

Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum(Benth.) K. Schum.) and Bolaina (Guazuma crinitaLam.) are fast-growing Amazonian trees with increasing demand in timber industry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, holocellulose and lignin in juvenile trees to accelerate forest breeding programs. The aim of this study was to identify chemical differences between apical and basal stem of Capirona and Bolaina to develop models for estimating the chemical composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. FTIR-ATR spectra were obtained from 150 samples for each species that were 1.8 year-old. The results showed significant differences between the apical and basal stem for each species in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, holocellulose and lignin content. This variability was useful to build partial least squares (PLS) models from the FTIR spectra and they were evaluated by root mean squared error of predictions (RMSEP) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). Lignin content was efficiently predicted in Capirona (RMSEP = 0.48, RPD > 2) and Bolaina (RMSEP = 0.81, RPD > 2). In Capirona, the predictive power of cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose models (0.68 < RMSEP < 2.06, 1.60 < RPD < 1.96) were high enough to predict wood chemical composition. In Bolaina, model for cellulose attained an excellent predictive power (RMSEP = 1.82, RPD = 6.14) while models for hemicellulose and holocellulose attained a good predictive power (RPD > 2.0). This study showed that FTIR-ATR together with PLS is a reliable method to determine the wood chemical composition in juvenile trees of Capirona and Bolaina.
Dynamic prediction model of spontaneous combustion risk in goaf based on improved CRITIC-G2-TOPSIS method and its application
Authors: Wang Wei , Qi Yun , Jia Baoshan , Yao Youli
Published: October 2021

Due to the problems related to the numerous factors affecting the spontaneous combustion of goaf coal, such as sudden, uncertain, and dynamic changes, and the fact that the weight of the indexes in the prediction model of the spontaneous combustion risk is difficult to determine, an improved Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) modified Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution G2-(TOPSIS) dynamic prediction model of goaf spontaneous combustion was developed. An optimal decision-making model was established by introducing the Euclidean distance function, and the function-driven type G2 weighting method was modified using the differential-driven type weighting method of the CRITIC. In addition, the comprehensive weights of each index were obtained. An update factor was introduced to obtain the dynamic weight, and the primary-secondary relationship of the risk factors affecting the spontaneous combustion of goaf was evaluated. Based on the G2 weighting method, which approximates the driving function principle of the ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS), a G2-TOPSIS goaf spontaneous combustion risk assessment model was established. The degree of closeness was analyzed and the risk grade of the goaf spontaneous combustion was finally predicted. The sub-model was applied to the goaf of working face 1303 in the Jinniu Coal Mine. It was concluded that the air leakage duration was the dominant factor inducing the risk of the spontaneous combustion of the goaf. The risk grade of spontaneous combustion of the goaf is Class III, and the predicted results are consistent with the actual situation. The improved CRITIC-G2-TOPSIS dynamic model was demonstrated to be scientific in predicting the goaf spontaneous combustion risk, and these research results have important popularization and application value.
Profile of Medicaid enrollees with sickle cell disease: A high need, high cost population
Authors: Grady April , Fiori Anthony , Patel Dhaval , Nysenbaum Jessica
Published: October 2021

Sickle cell disease is a progressively debilitating genetic condition that affects red blood cells and can result in a variety of serious medical complications, reduced life expectancy, and diminished quality of life. Medicaid nationwide covered 66 percent of sickle cell disease hospitalizations in 2004 and 58 percent of emergency department visits for the disease between 1999 and 2007. Using Medicaid data from four states with large populations that account for more than one-third of Medicaid program enrollment, we examined the characteristics of those with sickle cell disease. We found instances of mortality rates more than nine times the age-adjusted population average (in Texas, a mortality rate for Medicaid enrollees with SCD of 1.11 percent compared to 0.12 percent overall); rates of disability-related eligibility–which is associated with long-term Medicaid enrollment–of up to 69 percent; and half or more of affected enrollees having (all-cause) hospital stays, emergency department visits, and opioid prescription fills. With gene therapies on the horizon that will spur discussions of treatment coverage, costs, and outcomes for people with sickle cell disease, it is important for relevant stakeholders to understand the affected populations.
Ecosystem impacts by the Ancestral Puebloans of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Lentz David L. , Slotten Venicia , Dunning Nicholas P. , Jones John G. , Scarborough Vernon L. , McCool Jon-Paul , Owen Lewis A. , Fladd Samantha G. , Tankersley Kenneth B. , Perfetta Cory J. , Carr Christopher , Crowley Brooke , Plog Stephen
Published: October 2021

The Ancestral Puebloans occupied Chaco Canyon, in what is now the southwestern USA, for more than a millennium and harvested useful timber and fuel from the trees of distant forests as well as local woodlands, especially juniper and pinyon pine. These pinyon juniper woodland products were an essential part of the resource base from Late Archaic times (3000–100 BC) to the Bonito phase (AD 800–1140) during the great florescence of Chacoan culture. During this vast expanse of time, the availability of portions of the woodland declined. We posit, based on pollen and macrobotanical remains, that the Chaco Canyon woodlands were substantially impacted during Late Archaic to Basketmaker II times (100 BC–AD 500) when agriculture became a major means of food production and the manufacture of pottery was introduced into the canyon. By the time of the Bonito phase, the local woodlands, especially the juniper component, had been decimated by centuries of continuous extraction of a slow-growing resource. The destabilizing impact resulting from recurrent woodland harvesting likely contributed to the environmental unpredictability and difficulty in procuring essential resources suffered by the Ancestral Puebloans prior to their ultimate departure from Chaco Canyon.
Sub pixel resolution using spectral-spatial encoding in x-ray imaging
Authors: Szczykutowicz Timothy P. , Rose Sean D. , Kitt Alexander
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Previous efforts at increasing spatial resolution have relied on decreasing focal spot and or detector element size. Many “super resolution” methods require physical movement of a component of the imaging system. This work describes a method for achieving spatial resolution on a scale smaller than the detector pixel without motion of the object or detector.

Methods

We introduce a weighting of the photon energy spectrum on a length scale smaller than a single pixel using a physical filter that can be placed between the focal spot and the object, between the object and the detector, or integrated into the x-ray source or detector. We refer to the method as sub pixel encoding (SPE). We show that if one acquires multiple measurements (i.e. x-ray projections), information can be synthesized at a spatial scale defined by the spectrum modulation, not the detector element size. Specifically, if one divides a detector pixel into n sub regions, and m photon-matter interactions are present, the number of x-ray measurements needed to solve for the detector response of each sub region is mxn. We discuss realizations of SPE using multiple x-ray spectra with an energy integrating detector, a single spectra with a photon counting detector, and the single photon-matter interaction case. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using a simulated energy integrating detector with a detector pitch of 2 mm for 80-140 kV medical and 200-600 kV industrial applications. Phantoms used for both example SPE realization had some features only a 1 mm detector could resolve. We calculate the covariance matrix of SPE output to characterize the and noise propagation and correlation of our test examples.

Results

The mathematical foundation of SPE is provided, with details worked out for several detector types and energy ranges. Two numerical simulations were provided to demonstrate feasibility. In both the medical and industrial simulations, some phantom features were only observable with the 1 mm and SPE synthesized 2 mm detector, while the 2 mm detector was not able to visualize them. Covariance matrix analysis demonstrated negative diagonal terms for both example cases.

Conclusions

The concept of encoding object information at a length scale smaller than a single pixel element, and then retrieving that information was introduced. SPE simultaneously allows for an increase in spatial resolution and provides “dual energy” like information about the underlying photon-matter interactions.
Impact of staffing model conversion from a mandatory critical care consultation model to a closed unit model in the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Ko Sung Jun , Cho Jaeyoung , Choi Sun Mi , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Sang-Min
Published: October 2021

Background

The intensive care unit (ICU) staffing model affects clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. However, the benefits of a closed unit model have not been extensively compared to those of a mandatory critical care consultation model.

Methods

This retrospective before-after study included patients admitted to the medical ICU. Anthropometric data, admission reason, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade, survival status, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU, duration of mechanical ventilator care, and occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were recorded. The staffing model of the medical ICU was changed from a mandatory critical care consultation model to a closed unit model in September 2017, and indices before and after the conversion were compared.

Results

A total of 1,526 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64.5 years, and 954 (62.5%) patients were men. The mean LOS in the ICU among survivors was shorter in the closed unit model than in the mandatory critical care consultation model by multiple regression analysis (5.5 vs. 6.7 days; p = 0.005). Central venous catheter insertion (38.5% vs. 51.9%; p < 0.001) and VAP (3.5% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.001) were less frequent in the closed unit model group than in the mandatory critical care consultation model group. After adjusting for confounders, the closed unit model group had decreased ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.65; p < 0.001) and shortened LOS in the ICU compared to the mandatory critical care consultation model group.

Conclusion

The closed unit model was superior to the mandatory critical care consultation model in terms of ICU mortality and LOS among ICU survivors.
Protective effect of a new generation of activated and purified bentonite in combination with yeast and phytogenic substances on mycotoxin challenge in pigs
Authors: Horky Pavel , Gruberova Hana Abigail , Aulichova Tereza , Malyugina Svetlana , Slama Petr , Pavlik Ales , Skladanka Jiri , Skoric Misa , Skalickova Sylvie
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new mycotoxin adsorbents based on purified and activated bentonites combined with yeast and phytogenic compounds in fattening pigs. The experiment involved 96 pigs (31.2±2.4 kg). Control (C) group was fed a diet naturally contaminated with mycotoxins (5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol, DON) without an adsorbent. Treated groups received the feed with mycotoxin adsorbents: purified and activated bentonite (T1), purified and activated bentonite, yeast derivatives, phytogenic substances (T2), and purified, activated, and sulphurated bentonite with phytogenic substances (T3). Evaluated parameters involved growth performance, organ weight, small intestine and liver histopathology, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status of the organism and total and free DON content in urine. In all treated groups, an significant increase in intestinal GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio was observed when compared to C. No significant effects on liver and kidney weight, complete blood count, serum or intestinal malondialdehyde concentration, or total/free DON content in urine were observed. All adsorbents improved histopathological findings in the liver when compared to C. Moreover, T1, and T2 groups showed no presence of inflammatory reaction or necrotic changes in the livers. Although, mycotoxin adsorbents investigated in this study had no significant impact on pig growth performance, they reduced the oxidative stress, and on the tissue level they protected the jejunal tissue and liver parenchyma under deoxynivalenol challenge.
Neutrophil elastase in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)-like skin lesion in renal failure mouse model
Authors: Kartamihardja A. Adhipatria P. , Amalia Syahla Nisaa , Sekiguchi Akiko , Bhattarai Anu , Taketomi-Takahashi Ayako , Motegi Sei-ichiro , Koyama Hiroshi , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: October 2021

Although neutrophil elastase (NE) may play a role in lung fibrosis and liver fibrosis, NE involvement in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been unclear. We investigated the involvement of NE in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis-like skin lesions post-injections of linear gadolinium-based contrast agents in renal failure mouse models. Renal failure mouse models were randomly divided into three groups: control group (saline), gadodiamide group, and gadopentetate group. Each solution was intravenously administered three times per week for three weeks. The mice were observed daily for skin lesions. Quantification of skin lesions, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and profibrotic cytokines in the affected skin was performed by immunostaining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were collected from the facial vein to quantify NE enzymatic activity. The 158Gd concentrations in each sample were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the gadodiamide group, the mRNA expression of fibrotic markers was increased in the skin lesions compared to the control group. In the gadopentetate group, only collagen 1α and TGF-β mRNA expression were higher than in the control group. The expression of CD3+, CD68+, NE cells and the NE activity in the blood serum were significantly higher in the gadodiamide and gadopentetate groups compared to the control group. Gadolinium concentration in the skin of the gadodiamide group was significantly higher than the gadopentetate group, while almost no traces of gadolinium were found in the control group. Although gadopentetate and gadodiamide affected the fibrotic markers in the skin differently, NE may be involved in the development of fibrosis linked to the GBCAs injections in renal failure mouse models.
SARAK OPAT: LEADERSHIP STYLE IN GAYO COMMUNITY
Authors: Abidah  , Al Misry  , Septia Wahyuni  , Susidamaiyanti  , Lukmannulhaqim
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses Sarak opat. Sarak opat is a leadership perform in the Gayo people. Sarak opat is a leadership behavior and practice. The approach of the research is ethnography. Research techniques with special involvement when a leader giving a speech. The analysis review field notes in the cultural symbols attached to traditional forms. The study shows that the leadership of the Gayo people does not have a lower hierarchy and has a unique rectangular shape. Behavioral leaders must have communication intelligence. The leader's expression characterizes accuracy, analogy, and kindness. Leaders are advanced, religious, fair, wise, honest, consistent, and frugal. The leader in Gayo local wisdom is the main decision maker (lantak uluh), administrator (tetah tentu), mentoring (jege perala), and honorable (layak laku).
CHEF
Authors: Wu Yinjun , Weimer James , Davidson Susan B.
Published: October 2021

High-quality labels are expensive to obtain for many machine learning tasks, such as medical image classification tasks. Therefore, probabilistic (weak) labels produced by weak supervision tools are used to seed a process in which influential samples with weak labels are identified and cleaned by several human annotators to improve the model performance. To lower the overall cost and computational overhead of this process, we propose a solution called CHEF (CHEap and Fast label cleaning), which consists of the following three components. First, to reduce the cost of human annotators, we use INFL, which prioritizes the
most influential
training samples for cleaning and provides cleaned labels to save the cost of one human annotator. Second, to accelerate the sample selector phase and the model constructor phase, we use Increm-INFL to
incrementally
produce influential samples, and DeltaGrad-L to
incrementally
update the model. Third, we redesign the typical label cleaning pipeline so that human annotators iteratively clean smaller batch of samples rather than one big batch of samples. This yields better overall model performance and enables possible early termination when the expected model performance has been achieved. Extensive experiments show that our approach gives good model prediction performance while achieving significant speed-ups.
The smallest extraction problem
Authors: Cetorelli Valerio , Atzeni Paolo , Crescenzi Valter , Milicchio Franco
Published: October 2021

We introduce
landmark grammars
, a new family of context-free grammars aimed at describing the HTML source code of pages published by large and templated websites and therefore at effectively tackling Web data extraction problems. Indeed, they address the inherent
ambiguity
of HTML, one of the main challenges of Web data extraction, which, despite over twenty years of research, has been largely neglected by the approaches presented in literature.

We then formalize the
Smallest Extraction Problem
(SEP), an optimization problem for finding the grammar of a family that best describes a set of pages and contextually extract their data.

Finally, we present an unsupervised learning algorithm to induce a landmark grammar from a set of pages sharing a common HTML template, and we present an automatic Web data extraction system. The experiments on consolidated benchmarks show that the approach can substantially contribute to improve the state-of-the-art.
Declarative data serving
Authors: Shaowang Ted , Jain Nilesh , Matthews Dennis D. , Krishnan Sanjay
Published: October 2021

Recent advances in computer architecture and networking have ushered in a new age of edge computing, where computation is placed close to the point of data collection to facilitate low-latency decision making. As the complexity of such deployments grow into networks of interconnected edge devices, getting the necessary data to be in "the right place at the right time" can become a challenge. We envision a future of edge analytics where data flows between edge nodes are declaratively configured through high-level constraints. Using machine learning model-serving as a prototypical task, we illustrate how the heterogeneity and specialization of edge devices can lead to complex, task-specific communication patterns even in relatively simple situations. Without a declarative framework, managing this complexity will be challenging for developers and will lead to brittle systems. We conclude with a research vision for database community that brings our perspective to the emergent area of edge computing.
Decomposed bounded floats for fast compression and queries
Authors: Liu Chunwei , Jiang Hao , Paparrizos John , Elmore Aaron J.
Published: October 2021

Modern data-intensive applications often generate large amounts of low precision float data with a limited range of values. Despite the prevalence of such data, there is a lack of an effective solution to ingest, store, and analyze bounded, low-precision, numeric data. To address this gap, we propose Buff, a new compression technique that uses a decomposed columnar storage and encoding methods to provide effective compression, fast ingestion, and high-speed in-situ adaptive query operators with SIMD support.
Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review
Authors: Davies-Bolorunduro Olabisi Flora , Ajayi Abraham , Adeleye Isaac Adeyemi , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Aminah Nanik Siti
Published: October 2021

There has been an increase in the reported cases of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is still currently affecting most of the world’s population, especially in resource-limited countries. The search for novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics from underexplored natural sources is therefore of paramount importance. The renewed interest in studies related to natural products, driven partly by the growing incidence of MDR-TB, has increased the prospects of discovering new antitubercular drug leads. This is because most of the currently available chemotherapeutics such as rifampicin and capreomycin used in the treatment of TB were derived from natural products, which are proven to be an abundant source of novel drugs used to treat many diseases. To meet the global need for novel antibiotics from natural sources, various strategies for high-throughput screening have been designed and implemented. This review highlights the current antitubercular drug discovery strategies from natural sources.