bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Connected we stand, disconnected we fall”. Analyzing the importance of digital platforms in transnational supply chain management
Authors: Marrucci Anna , Rialti Riccardo , Donvito Raffaele , Syed Faheem Uddin
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study seeks to explore the importance of digital platforms in restoring global supply chains interrupted by the coronavirus pandemic. Specifically, the research focuses on internally developed digital platforms and their potential to ensure supply chain continuity between developed and emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple comparative case studies have been selected for the research methodology. Eight cases concerning digital platform implementation for global SC management – four from developed countries and four from emerging markets – have been selected. The four pairs of cases represent four global supply chain mechanisms.

Findings

The results revealed that the use of internally developed digital platforms serves as a quick solution for immediate problems caused by ripple effects in global supply chain and negative environmental conditions. Digital platforms could therefore facilitate reciprocal monitoring and information exchanges between SC partners in different countries.

Originality/value

The digital platform research stream is in its early stages. Research thus far has mostly focused on externally developed digital platforms managed by an orchestrator. The platforms' usefulness in the dialogue between developed and emerging markets requires further exploration.
Pay attention to me! The role of endorsements, patents, gender and prior experience in startup media attention
Authors: Gasiorowski Laura , Lee Ahreum
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of media attention in the context of early-stage startups. While many studies have examined the implications of media attention on firm outcomes, few have investigated the antecedents especially in the context of early-stage startups who significantly lack organizational legitimacy. This study attempts to answer an important and yet unanswered question: What type of startups are more likely to be covered by the media?

Design/methodology/approach

Using Poisson regression, the authors analyze all media articles written about 315 early-stage ventures in the USA.

Findings

The authors found that startups with a prestigious investor or a patent have more media attention and startups with a female founder or prior entrepreneurial experience have less. The results suggest that entrepreneurial signals do play a role in media attention, but that the signal–signaler relationship may be more complicated than that in the investment literature.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurs may benefit from signaling less noisy and unambiguous signals that the media pays more attention to, such as getting an endorsement from reputable third parties early on, which might activate noisy signals.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is to extend the current literature on media attention and entrepreneurship by shedding light on attributes of startups that may help or hurt the volume of media attention in an uncertain and noisy environment.
A contextualized study of blockchain technology adoption as a digital currency platform under sanctions
Authors: Ronaghi Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The blockchain technology is based on distributed ledger. Many stakeholders, such as developers, entrepreneurs and technology lovers, consider the blockchain as an economic and business re-creation that is faced with numerous challenges in its application. Blockchain technology is the backbone of many digital currencies, i.e. Bitcoin and Ethereum. Although presently digital currencies are recognized as payment and exchange instruments in many countries, the economic sanctions imposed on some countries have restricted the possibility of the trading. So, this study seeks to evaluate the adoption of blockchain for digital currency use in Iran in the shadow of economic sanctions.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed value-based technology adoption model and smart PLS software have been used in this research. The statistical population of the study was people active in the Iranian stock market; the purpose for this selection was their familiarity with financial and digital currency issues.

Findings

The results show that the terms of sanctions, usage and facilitating conditions are directly related to users' perceived value of digital currency and its use; As a result, in a sanctioned country like Iran, the use of digital currencies is being accepted as a way of rolling out economic sanctions and thus making commercial payments.

Originality/value

As well as the fact that evaluating the adoption of the blockchain technology in a sanctioned country like Iran is considered as the originality aspect of the research, applying an extended model in the technology adoption is also the research innovation.
Interscalar maintenance: configuring an Indigenous ‘premium carbon product’ in northern Australia (and beyond)
Authors: Neale Timothy
Published: November 2022

Mitigating climate change requires us to constrain combustion in a double sense: decreasing both the use of fossil fuels and the flammability of the biosphere. Fire management by Indigenous peoples in Australia's northern savannas has been presented as a solution to offset the former and assist with the latter, leading to the foundation of a regional economy of projects generating ‘premium’ carbon credits on Indigenous lands. This article attends to the translational zone – predominantly made up of non‐Indigenous white professionals – that functions to configure the ‘right story’ of these credits across diverse epistemes and contexts. Following such commodities’ interscalar connections, I suggest, helps illustrate the contingencies and contradictions produced by tradeable carbon, as individuals and organizations seek to maintain a niche within a changing climate and shifting global atmospheric relations.
Lobbying and emergency management in the United States: Issues, priorities and implications
Authors: Jamieson Thomas , Louis‐Charles Hans M.
Published: November 2022

Recent scholarship has explored the impact of interest groups on policy in the United States. However, little remains known about lobbying efforts and their effects in emergency management. Through analysis of a large data set of declared political activities from 1999 to 2020, we describe lobbying efforts in disaster planning and emergencies. Our findings suggest that lobbying efforts and expenditure are positively associated with appropriations (but not disaster incidence or severity), that corporations and trade associations are the organizations most involved in lobbying and that many of these efforts appear to be aimed at impacting legislation and the procurement of public funds for recovery efforts. We also find that only a minuscule number of lobbying efforts are related to socially vulnerable populations or social equity concerns. Collectively, these insights raise important questions about this process, demonstrating the need for further research to better understand lobbying and emergency management in the United States across all phases of the disaster life cycle.
A new approach for crisis management analysis: Considering the anticipation/decision making pair as a continuum
Authors: November Valérie , Winter Thierry , Azémar Alice , Canovas Ingrid , Chevillot‐Miot Elie , Lecacheux Sophie
Published: November 2022

The polysemy of crisis anticipation and decision‐making in crisis situations, and the difficulties regularly encountered during these processes, have been highlighted in the literature. This paper illustrates the obstacles to accurately predicting crisis situations by demonstrating the fragmentation of the pair anticipation/decision‐making. It does so through two studies involving the Caribbean Irma–Jose–Maria hurricane sequence (2017), through the respective lenses of the French National Crisis Coordination Centre at the Interministerial level and of a government operator, the French Geological Survey, at the territorial level. Absence of shared vision within and between crisis management rooms regarding the nature, time horizon, and methodological framework of the anticipation function all hampered its effective implementation during the hurricane sequences. This was mainly due to the coexistence of different ministerial cultures regarding crisis anticipation and the siloed structure of the French Crisis Management System. Findings suggest that time is a critical structuring element for adaptive and shared anticipatory approaches. Therefore, the anticipation/decision‐making pair can be seen as a continuum integrating all temporalities from prevention to crisis management and reconstruction. This new paradigm should be applied through the plurality of administrative cultures, which are in great tension with each other in preventing and managing crisis situations.
Citizen conceptions of democracy and support for artificial intelligence in government and politics
Authors: KÖNIG PASCAL D.
Published: November 2022

How much do citizens support artificial intelligence (AI) in government and politics at different levels of decision‐making authority and to what extent is this AI support associated with citizens’ conceptions of democracy? Using original survey data from Germany, the analysis shows that people are overall sceptical toward using AI in the political realm. The findings suggest that how much citizens endorse democracy as liberal democracy as opposed to several of its disfigurations matters for AI support, but only in high‐level politics. While a stronger commitment to liberal democracy is linked to lower support for AI, the findings contradict the idea that a technocratic notion of democracy lies behind greater acceptance of political AI uses. Acceptance is higher only among those holding reductionist conceptions of democracy which embody the idea that whatever works to accommodate people's views and preferences is fine. Populists, in turn, appear to be against AI in political decision making.
The social vulnerability metric (SVM) as a new tool for public health
Authors: Saulsberry Loren , Bhargava Ankur , Zeng Sharon , Gibbons Jason B. , Brannan Cody , Lauderdale Diane S. , Gibbons Robert D.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To derive and validate a new ecological measure of the social determinants of health (SDoH), calculable at the zip code or county level.

Data Sources and Study Setting

The most recent releases of secondary, publicly available data were collected from national U.S. health agencies as well as state and city public health departments.

Study Design

The Social Vulnerability Metric (SVM) was constructed from U.S. zip‐code level measures (2018) from survey data using multidimensional Item Response Theory and validated using outcomes including all‐cause mortality (2016), COVID‐19 vaccination (2021), and emergency department visits for asthma (2018). The SVM was also compared with the existing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to determine convergent validity and differential predictive validity.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

The data were collected directly from published files available to the public online from national U.S. health agencies as well as state and city public health departments.

Principal Findings

The correlation between SVM scores and national age‐adjusted county all‐cause mortality was r = 0.68. This correlation demonstrated the SVM's robust validity and outperformed the SVI with an almost four‐fold increase in explained variance (46% vs. 12%). The SVM was also highly correlated (r ≥ 0.60) to zip‐code level health outcomes for the state of California and city of Chicago.

Conclusions

The SVM offers a measurement tool improving upon the performance of existing SDoH composite measures and has broad applicability to public health that may help in directing future policies and interventions. The SVM provides a single measure of SDoH that better quantifies associations with health outcomes.
High‐doseTiger‐Gianformula protects the knee joint from surgically induced osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Hou Pu‐Wei , Liu Shan‐Chi , Tsay Gregory J. , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Huang Hui‐Chi , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Chang Hen‐Hong
Published: November 2022

Aim

Although the Tiger‐Gian formula (TGF) has proven clinically effective at improving the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of TGF have not been examined in any animal model. This study assessed the effects of TGF in male Sprague‐Dawley rats with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) ‐induced KOA.

Methods

Thirty rats underwent ACLT surgery and were assigned to either the control group, ACLT alone, ACLT + low‐dose TGF (1000 mg/kg), ACLT + high‐dose TGF (3000 mg/kg), or ACLT + celecoxib (30 mg/kg). All rats were subjected to micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), weight‐bearing behavioral testing, and histological inspections of the knee joint for evidence of structural changes in articular bone, cartilage and synovium.

Results

After 6 weeks, force discrepancies in weight‐bearing distribution between the normal hind and postoperative limbs revealed superiority with high‐dose TGF (18.00 ± 5.93 g) and celecoxib (18.68 ± 5.29 g) versus both ACLT alone (41.29 ± 7.06 g) and low‐dose TGF (37.00 ± 7.40 g). Micro‐CT images revealed that high‐dose TGF and celecoxib similarly improved subchondral bone architecture, protected articular cartilage after ACLT, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the cartilage and synovial sections.

Conclusion

High‐dose TGF induced the smallest amount of KOA‐associated bone loss. Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and immunomodulatory effects of TGF were accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokines and improvements in pain and function. TGF‐induced anti‐osteoporotic activity and inhibition of cartilage degradation were reflected by micro‐CT and histological analysis. The findings help to explain how TGF alleviates symptoms of KOA.
Evaluating the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank
Authors: Mo Chen , Wang Jingtao , Ye Zhenyao , Ke Hongjie , Liu Song , Hatch Kathryn , Gao Si , Magidson Jessica , Chen Chixiang , Mitchell Braxton D. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot , Ma Tianzhou , Chen Shuo
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for impaired brain function, but its causal effect on white matter brain aging remains unclear. This study aimed to measure the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging.

Design

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two non‐overlapping data sets (with and without neuroimaging data) from UK Biobank (UKB). The group exposed to smoking and control group consisted of current smokers and never smokers, respectively. Our main method was generalized weighted linear regression with other methods also included as sensitivity analysis.

Setting

United Kingdom.

Participants

The study cohort included 23 624 subjects [10 665 males and 12 959 females with a mean age of 54.18 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.08, 54.28].

Measurements

Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables under the MR analysis assumptions: (1) associated with the exposure; (2) influenced outcome only via exposure; and (3) not associated with confounders. The exposure smoking status (current versus never smokers) was measured by questionnaires at the initial visit (2006–10). The other exposure, cigarettes per day (CPD), measured the average number of cigarettes smoked per day for current tobacco users over the life‐time. The outcome was the ‘brain age gap’ (BAG), the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, computed by training machine learning model on a non‐overlapping set of never smokers.

Findings

The estimated BAG had a mean of 0.10 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.14) years. The MR analysis showed evidence of positive causal effect of smoking behaviors on BAG: the effect of smoking is 0.21 (in years, 95% CI = 6.5 × 10−3, 0.41; P‐value = 0.04), and the effect of CPD is 0.16 year/cigarette (UKB: 95% CI = 0.06, 0.26; P‐value = 1.3 × 10−3; GSCAN: 95% CI = 0.02, 0.31; P‐value = 0.03). The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.

Conclusions

There appears to be a significant causal effect of smoking on the brain age gap, which suggests that smoking prevention can be an effective intervention for accelerated brain aging and the age‐related decline in cognitive function.
pH influences the volumetric change of calcium silicate‐ and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers: An ex vivo micro‐CT study
Authors: Ferreira Cláudio Malizia Alves , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Pinto Karem Paula , Barbosa Ana Flávia Almeida , Fidalgo Gabriel , Sena Gabriela , Colaço Marcos Vinicius , Barroso Regina Cely , Sassone Luciana Moura , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
Published: November 2022

This study assessed the influence of pH variation on the volumetric change of EndoSequence BC Sealer compared to AH Plus Jet. Eighteen single‐rooted teeth were uniformly prepared and filled with one of the sealers. After 24‐h storing, samples were scanned in a micro‐CT device. Then, roots were immersed in 20 ml phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) with pH of 5, 7 or 12 at 37°C for 7 and 30 days and rescanned. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk's test, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's or Student's t‐tests (p < 0.05). Differences between sealers were observed only at neutral pH and after 30 days of acidic pH exposure, with a higher loss of EndoSequence (p < 0.05). After 7 days, alkaline pH reduced and increased the volumetric loss of EndoSequence and AH Plus, respectively, compared to neutral pH (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the pH directly influenced the volumetric change of both tested root canal sealers in different ways.
Influence of rotary and reciprocating kinematics on the accuracy of an integrated apex locator
Authors: de Almeida Gardelin Verônica , Vinholes Júlia Itzel Acosta Moreno , Grazziotin‐Soares Renata , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo , Barletta Fernando Branco
Published: November 2022

We evaluated in vitro the influence of nickel‐titanium instruments kinematics on the accuracy and variation of root canal working length measurements, performed with an integrated apex locator, at glide path and at the end of shaping. Forty‐four mandibular incisors, included in an alginate model, were allocated at random to two groups: reciprocating and rotary. Working length was determined at glide path stage and at the end of shaping. Measurements given by the integrated apex locator were matched with visual measurements. The apex locator accuracy was based on inter‐group comparison. The variation in working length was based on intra‐group comparison. Kinematics influenced the accuracy of measurements only after shaping (p < 0.05), and not in the glide path (p > 0.05). Rotary had values closer to the visual measurements. Diminishing of measures occurred after shaping for reciprocating (p < 0.05); and at glide‐path stage for rotary (p > 0.05). The integrated apex locator was more accurate with rotary kinematics.
What is the narrative for practice? A review of recommendations on feedback and a guide to writing impactful practical implications
Authors: Dello Russo Silvia , Mirfakhar Atieh S. , Miraglia Mariella
Published: November 2022

Research on supervisory feedback has burgeoned over the past 20 years. We ask, what does it have to offer to management practitioners, and is this knowledge conveyed in a constructive way? To answer these questions, we conducted a systematic literature review of the practical implications contained in feedback studies. Based on our retained articles (N = 120) and using the W‐H questions as our guiding framework, we critically discuss: Why recommendations are offered, What recommendations are endorsed, When and Where the recommendations are presented as most applicable, to Whom those are addressed, and How they are framed by researchers. In so doing, we summarise the indications that scientific research has offered to practitioners; moreover, following the same framework and the insights collected via a follow‐up survey of academics (N = 61), we provide recommendations to researchers across the management and psychology disciplines on how to craft their practical implications sections in a way that may help bridge the gap between research and practice.
Intermittent hypoxic conditioning restores neurological dysfunction of mice induced by long‐term hypoxia
Authors: Li Gaifen , Guan Yuying , Gu Yakun , Guo Mengyuan , Ma Wei , Shao Qianqian , Liu Jia , Ji Xunming
Published: November 2022

Background

Central nervous system diseases are associated with hypoxia, which usually cause irreversible nerve damage, but the underlying mechanism is unclear and effective intervention strategies are lacking. This study was designed to explore the mechanism and treatment strategy of hypoxia‐induced nerve injury.

Methods

In this study, 13% O2 was used to treat mice for 0, 1, 3 7, and 14 days, Morris water maze and other animal behavior experiments were used to evaluate the neurological function of mice. TUNEL, BrdU, PCNA, DCX, and SOX2 staining were used to observe the apoptosis and proliferation of mouse neurons. RT‐PCR and Iba1 staining were used to evaluate the release of inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and the activation of microglia.

Results

Short‐term hypoxia promotes neurogenesis, while long‐term hypoxia inhibits neurogenesis. The changes in hypoxia‐induced neurogenesis were positively correlated with neurological functions, but negatively correlated with apoptosis. Moreover, intermittent hypoxic conditioning restored long‐term hypoxia‐induced neurological dysfunction by promoting neural stem cell generation and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and the activation of microglia.

Conclusion

Hypoxia promoted neurogenesis in a time‐dependent manner, and intermittent hypoxic conditioning exerted a neuroprotective effect through promoting neural stem cell generation and suppressing inflammation induced by long‐term hypoxia stress, which provided a novel concept to develop a treatment for hypoxia‐related brain injury.
Role of the mechanosensitive piezo1 channel in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Guo Sheng , Wang Chenglong , Xiao Changming , Gu Qinwen , Long Longhai , Wang Xiaoqiang , Xu Houping , Li Sen
Published: November 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial skeletal disease involving mechanical, genetic, systemic, and biological factors, and it is characterized by apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus cells and breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which will impair the structure and function of the intervertebral disc (IVD), and cause low back pain. Recently, the piezo1 is recognized as a critical mechanically activated ion channel of IDD. Numerous studies have reported that the piezo1 ion channel was aberrantly activated in the degenerated disc tissues and deeply participated in the pathogenesis of IDD. Inactivating or interfering with the piezo1 channel could effectively prevent the progression of IDD under the experimental conditions. It may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of the disabling disease. Therefore, we have to make a comprehensive investigation and understanding of the mechanisms and functions of the piezo1 in the biomechanics of the spine. This study mainly elucidates the role of the piezo1 channel in IDD, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic targets for this disease.
Acute muscular and cardiovascular responses to high load training with pre‐exercise blood flow restriction
Authors: Moreno Enrique N. , Hammert William B. , Martin Cole C. , Buckner Samuel L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute muscular and cardiovascular responses to applying blood flow restriction (BFR) before high‐load training.

Methods

Forty trained individuals visited the lab on three occasions. On Visit 1, participants completed paperwork and performed strength assessments. During Visits 2 and 3, participants completed four exercise conditions (one in each arm during each visit) as follows: (1) traditional resistance training (TRAD), (2) low load training with BFR (LLBFR), (3) low repetition high load training with pre‐exercise BFR (PreBFR), and (4) low repetition traditional training (LRTRAD). Blood pressure, muscle thickness (MT), and isometric strength (ISO) were measured before and after exercise.

Results

Data are displayed as means (SD). Immediately following exercise, MT in TRAD was greater compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 0.18[0.30] cm, p < 0.001) and LRTRAD (mean difference = 0.28[0.30] cm, p < 0.001). In addition, LLBFR demonstrated greater MT compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 0.24[0.30] cm, p < 0.001]. Immediately following exercise, ISO was lower in TRAD compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 33.8[46.9]N, p < 0.001) and the LRTRAD condition (mean difference = 32.8[50.4]N, p < 0.001). In addition, ISO was lower in LLBFR compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 43.9 [47.4]N, p < 0.001) and LRTRAD (mean difference = 42.9 [43.8]N, p < 0.001). Immediately following exercise, systolic blood pressure was greater in TRAD compared with PreBFR and LRTRAD.

Conclusion

The application of BFR before engaging in high‐load training does not seem to augment the muscular responses to exercise when compared with traditional high loads alone; however, it may pose less demand on the cardiovascular system.
Predator–prey co‐occurrence in harvest blocks: Implications for caribou and forestry
Authors: McKay Tracy L. , Finnegan Laura A.
Published: November 2022

Forest harvesting alters habitat, impacts wildlife, and disrupts ecosystem function. Across the boreal forest of Canada, forest harvesting affects ungulate prey species and their predators, with cascading impacts on other species, including threatened woodland caribou. We used camera and vegetation data and occupancy modeling to investigate what characteristics in and around forestry harvest blocks influenced the occupancy and co‐occurrence of primary prey (elk, moose, mule deer, white‐tailed deer) and predators (black bear, cougar, grizzly bear, wolf) in harvest blocks. Occupancy was linked to forage, the surrounding habitat and anthropogenic disturbance, and silviculture practices. Black and grizzly bear occupancy was influenced by the presence of deer, and bear–deer co‐occurrence was influenced by site‐specific silviculture practices and surrounding anthropogenic disturbance. In the context of caribou recovery, our results indicate that forestry within caribou ranges could consider site‐specific silviculture practices and landscape‐level planning to reduce use of harvest blocks by primary prey. Future caribou recovery efforts may also consider the roles of deer and bears in caribou predation risk. Our study provides the first insights into the impacts of forestry and silviculture on boreal forest predator–prey co‐occurrence and provides practical management applications to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the boreal forest ecosystem into the future.
Mitochondrial function, grip strength, and activity are related to recovery of mobility after a total knee arthroplasty
Authors: van Diemen Marcus P. J. , Ziagkos Dimitrios , Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Bénard Menno R. , Lambrechtse Philip , Jansen Joris A. J. , Snoeker Barbara A. M. , Gademan Maaike G. J. , Cohen Adam F. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Groeneveld Geert Jan
Published: November 2022

Low muscle quality and a sedentary lifestyle are indicators for a slow recovery after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mitochondrial function is an important part of muscle quality and a key driver of sarcopenia. However, it is not known whether it relates to recovery. In this pilot study, we monitored activity after TKA using a wrist mounted activity tracker and assessed the relation of mitochondrial function on the rate of recovery after TKA. Additionally, we compared the increase in activity as a way to measure recovery to traditional outcome measures. Patients were studied 2 weeks before TKA and up to 6 months after. Activity was monitored continuously. Baseline mitochondrial function (citrate synthase and complex [CP] 1–5 abundance of the electron transport chain) was determined on muscle tissue taken during TKA. Traditional outcome measures (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], timed up‐and‐go [TUG] completion time, grip, and quadriceps strength) were performed 2 weeks before, 6 weeks after, and 6 months after TKA. Using a multivariate regression model with various clinical baseline parameters, the following were significantly related to recovery: CP5 abundance, grip strength, and activity (regression weights 0.13, 0.02, and 2.89, respectively). During recovery, activity correlated to the KOOS‐activities of daily living (ADL) score (r = 0.55, p = 0.009) and TUG completion time (r = −0.61, p = 0.001). Mitochondrial function seems to be related to recovery, but so are activity and grip strength, all indicators of sarcopenia. Using activity trackers before and after TKA might give the surgeon valuable information on the expected recovery and the opportunity to intervene if recovery is low.
Effectiveness of early colonoscopy in patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage: Nationwide inpatient analysis in Japan
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Nakajima Mikio , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Kaszynski Richard H. , Sasaki Akiko , Miyamoto Yuki , Kondo Yutaka , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Current guidelines recommend colonoscopy within 24 h for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding; however, the evidence in support for colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) indications remains insufficient. We use a nationwide database to investigate the effectiveness of early colonoscopy for CDH.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database and identified patients who were admitted for CDH from 2010 to 2017. Patients who underwent colonoscopy on the same day of admission (early group) were compared with those who underwent colonoscopy on the next day of admission (elective group). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, fasting period, and the prevalence of re‐colonoscopy, interventional radiology or abdominal surgery. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounders.

Results

We identified 74,569 eligible patients. Patients were divided into the early (n = 46,759) and elective (n = 27,810) groups. After propensity score matching, 27,696 pairs were generated. In‐hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups (0.49% in the early group vs. 0.41% in the elective group; risk difference 0.08%; 95% confidence interval −0.02 to 0.19; P = 0.14). The early group had a significantly longer length of hospital stay, higher total hospitalization cost, longer fasting period, and higher prevalence of re‐colonoscopy and abdominal surgery.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of early colonoscopy conducted on the same day of admission for CDH could not be confirmed. Early colonoscopy may not result in favorable outcomes in CDH patients.
The home literacy environment mediates effects of socio‐economic status on infant vocabulary development
Authors: Singh Leher , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean , Cheng Qiqi , Heng Elisa Y‐T
Published: November 2022

It is well attested that high socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with larger vocabulary size estimates in young children. This has led to growing interest in identifying associations and mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. In this study, parent‐child reading behaviors were investigated in relation to vocabulary size in a large‐scale study of linguistically and socio‐economically diverse families. This study sampled 902 infants in Singapore, a multilingual society. Both single‐language (dominant and non‐dominant) and dual‐language vocabulary size estimates were obtained and related to family SES, demographic details, and home literacy activities. Results demonstrated that both single‐language (dominant and non‐dominant) and dual‐language infant vocabulary size estimates were predicted by parental education levels. Further analyses revealed that parent‐child book reading activities mediated the relationship between parental education and infant vocabulary size. Findings suggest that shared book reading may narrow effects of socio‐economic disparities on early language development.

Research Highlights

Socio‐economic status (SES) was examined in relation to infant vocabulary size in a linguistically and socio‐economically diverse setting.

Mediating effects of the home literacy environment on infant vocabulary size were measured.

Socio‐economic factors, notably parental education, had both direct and indirect effects on vocabulary size.

The home literacy environment mediated effects of SES on infant vocabulary size.
Clinical usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Peña‐Bautista Carmen , Álvarez‐Sánchez Lourdes , Pascual Rosa , Moreno Maria José , Baquero Miguel , Cháfer‐Pericás Consuelo
Published: November 2022

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease that shares clinical features with other dementias. It is important to establish a specific and reliable diagnosis. Nowadays, AD diagnosis is based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. However, the corresponding cut‐offs differ amongst studies. This study aims to evaluate the CSF biomarkers in the AD differential diagnosis.

Methods

Clinical relevant biomarkers (amyloid β42 (Aβ42), t‐Tau, p‐Tau, amyloid β40 (Aβ40), neurofilament light chain (NfL)) were determined in CSF samples from participants classified as AD (n = 124) and non‐AD (n = 148) patients from the Neurology Unit. They were included and evaluated consecutively (August 2018–October 2020). The clinical utility of these biomarkers was evaluated by AUC‐ROC curves and the corresponding cut‐off points were defined.

Results

The results showed satisfactory accuracy (AUC‐ROC 0.91 for Aβ42, 0.890 for t‐Tau and 0.933 for p‐Tau); whilst Aβ40 and NfL did not show good discriminatory capacity (AUC‐ROC 0.557 and 0.738, respectively). The ratios Aβ42/Aβ40 and t‐Tau/Aβ42 improved the diagnosis indices of each individual biomarker, with AUC‐ROC of 0.980 and 0.971, respectively. Also, elevated levels of NfL were found in the frontotemporal dementia group compared with the other participant groups.

Conclusions

The ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 showed the highest discriminating capacity between AD and non‐AD patients and might be useful in clinical practice. Regarding NfL, it is not a specific biomarker for AD; however, it might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Nevertheless, further analysis in an external cohort is required in order to validate these results.
Flexible realistic simulation of seizure occurrence recapitulating statistical properties of seizure diaries
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel M. , Westover M. Brandon
Published: November 2022

Objective

A realistic seizure diary simulator is currently unavailable for many research needs, including clinical trial analysis and evaluation of seizure detection and seizure‐forecasting tools. In recent years, important statistical features of seizure diaries have been characterized. These include (1) heterogeneity of individual seizure frequencies, (2) the relation between average seizure rate and standard deviation, (3) multiple risk cycles, (4) seizure clusters, and (5) limitations on inter‐seizure intervals. The present study unifies these features into a single model.

Methods

Our approach, Cyclic Heterogeneous Overdispersed Clustered Open‐source L‐relationship Adjustable Temporally limited E‐diary Simulator (CHOCOLATES) is based on a hierarchical model centered on a gamma Poisson generator with several modifiers. This model accounts for the aforementioned statistical properties. The model was validated by simulating 10 000 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of medication to compare with 23 historical RCTs. Metrics of 50% responder rate (RR50) and median percent change (MPC) were evaluated. We also used CHOCOLATES as input to a seizure‐forecasting tool to test the flexibility of the model. We examined the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for test data with and without cycles and clusters.

Results

The model recapitulated typical findings in 23 historical RCTs without the necessity of introducing an additional “placebo effect.” The model produced the following RR50 values: placebo: 17 ± 4%; drug 38 ± 5%; and the following MPC values: placebo: 13 ± 6%; drug 40 ± 4%. These values are similar to historical data: for RR50: placebo, 21 ± 10%, drug: 43 ± 13%; and for MPC: placebo: 17 ± 10%, drug: 41 ± 11%. The seizure forecasts achieved an AUC of 0.68 with cycles and clusters, whereas without them the AUC was 0.51.

Significance

CHOCOLATES represents the most realistic seizure occurrence simulator to date, based on observations from thousands of patients in different contexts. This tool is open source and flexible, and can be used for many applications, including clinical trial simulation and testing of seizure‐forecasting tools.
Intranasal Sendai virus‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine using a mouse model
Authors: Morimoto Satoru , Saeki Koichi , Takeshita Masaru , Hirano Kunio , Shirakawa Mariko , Yamada Yumiko , Nakamura Shiho , Ozawa Fumiko , Okano Hideyuki
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic remains worldwide. The usefulness of the intranasal vaccine and boost immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has recently received much attention. We developed an intranasal SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine by loading the receptor binding domain of the S protein (S‐RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 as an antigen into an F‐deficient Sendai virus vector. After the S‐RBD‐Fd antigen with trimer formation ability was intranasally administered to mice, S‐RBD‐specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers were increased in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for 12 weeks. Furthermore, in mice that received a booster dose at week 8, a marked increase in neutralizing antibodies in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed at the final evaluation at week 12, which neutralized the pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, indicating the usefulness of the Sendai virus‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 intranasal vaccine.
Flow and Transport Modeling in Heterogeneous Sediments Using an Integral Approach
Authors: Sobhi Gollo Vahid , Broecker Tabea , Lewandowski Jörg , Nützmann Gunnar , Hinkelmann Reinhard
Published: November 2022

An integral approach which can simultaneously model turbulent flow and transport at the sediment–water interface has been recently developed and validated for homogeneous sediment which was achieved by comparing numerical results to flume experiments on flow and transport over a rippled streambed and through the sediment for neutral, gaining, and losing conditions. In the present study, we validated the approach for heterogeneous conditions by comparing numerical simulations of flow and transport in heterogeneous sediment to analytical solutions as well as flume experiments on flow and transport through rippled streambed consisting of heterogeneous sediment. For this complex setup, simulation and experimental results agree well showing that flow and tracer transport prefer paths through areas with bigger grain diameters and higher porosities. The effect of flow redirections under losing and gaining conditions on hyporheic flow and residence times is discussed.
Retracted: White blood cell differentials performance of a new automated digital cell morphology analyzer: Mindray MC‐80
Authors: Khongjaroensakun Narin , Chinudomwong Pawadee , Chaothai Nutdanai , Chamchomdao Laksika , Suriyachand Katesaree , Paisooksantivatana Karan
Published: November 2022

White blood cell differentials performance of a new automated digital cell morphology analyzer: Mindray MC‐80, K. Paisooksantivatana; N. Khongjaroensakun; P. Chinudomwong; N. Chaothai; L. Chamchomdao; K. Suriyachand, International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 10.1111/ijlh.13995 The above article, published online on 18 November 2022, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), had been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editors‐in‐Chief, Giuseppe D'Onofrio and Ian Mackie, and John Wiley & Sons. The authors contacted the journal after publication to propose extensive changes to the data presented in the accepted article such that it would no longer reflect the version that was peer reviewed. As a result, this retraction has been undertaken.
Early vaccine‐mediated strain‐specific cytokine imbalance induces mild immunopathology during influenza infection
Authors: Bull Maireid B , Ma Fionn NL , Perera Liyanage P , Poon Leo LM , Valkenburg Sophie A
Published: November 2022

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) exist as distinct serological subtypes, with limited antibody cross reactivity compared with T‐cell responses, leading to universal vaccines that elicit robust T‐cell responses entering clinical trials to combat pandemic and zoonotic outbreaks. Previously we have extensively characterized the viral‐vectored universal vaccine, Wyeth/IL‐15/5flu, a group 1 hemagglutinin, H5N1‐based vaccine using a vaccinia backbone with interleukin (IL)‐15. The vaccine elicits robust T‐cell responses to provide heterosubtypic protection from lethal infection; however, we have also observed short‐term morbidity of vaccinated mice with a disparity between the effects of sublethal infection with group 1 and 2 IAV strains. At day 3 of H3N2 (group 2 IAV) infection, there was a heavily skewed T helper type 1 response in vaccinated infected mice with overproduction of cytokines and reduced chemokines, whereas H1N1 (group 1 IAV) infection had increased innate cellular responses. These findings suggest that increased and early immune activation by T‐cell activating vaccines may induce mild immunopathology when there is a mismatch between non‐neutralizing antibody and cross‐reactive memory T‐cell responses leading to exuberant cytokine production. Therefore, to avoid overstimulating proinflammatory immune responses upon infection, universal influenza vaccines that elicit strong T‐cell immunity will need a robust cross‐reactive antibody response.
Testing what we know about coffee volatiles affecting behaviour of Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: de la Rosa‐Cancino Wilmar , Malo Edi A. , Gómez Jaime , Valle‐Mora Javier F. , Barrera Juan F. , Rojas Julio C.
Published: November 2022

Coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), is a major pest of coffee worldwide. CBB females use berry volatiles while searching for hosts. Coffee volatiles can be used for monitoring CBB populations. The main objective of this study was to test under laboratory and field conditions bioactive compounds for H. hampei. In the laboratory, CBB females were attracted to the methanol‐ethanol blend (MEB), but not to methylcyclohexane, ethylbenzene, nonane, methyl salicylate, verbenone, α‐pinene, farnesene, and frontalin compared to clean air. In contrast, CBB females preferred clean air over linalool. Females were attracted to most of the tested compounds combined with the MEB over clean air, except farnesene, α‐pinene, and linalool. Females preferred clean air to α‐pinene or linalool, and they showed no preference for clean air or farnesene. Females also preferred the MEB over linalool, verbenone, α‐pinene, or farnesene when combined with MEB. The combination of tested compounds and the MEB did not increase the capture of CBB in the field. Interestingly, α‐pinene and linalool alone, or combined, inhibited the capture of CBB females and non‐target insects by trapping bait with the MEB. Thus, α‐pinene or linalool can be used in a push‐pull strategy considering the low impact over non‐target insects.
Rubble fields shape planktonic protist communities in Indonesia at a local scale
Authors: Borbee Erin M. , Ayu Inna Puspa , Carvalho Paul , Gelis Ester Restiana Endang , Setiawan Fahkrizal , Subhan Beginer , Humphries Austin T. , Madduppa Hawis , Lane Christopher E.
Published: November 2022

The Coral Triangle encompasses nearly 30% of the world's coral reefs and is widely considered the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Destructive fishing practices and natural disturbances common to this region damage reefs leaving behind fields of coral rubble. While the impacts of disturbances in these ecosystems are well documented on metazoans, we have a poor understanding of their impact on microbial communities at the base of the food web. We use metabarcoding to characterize protist community composition in sites of varying fisheries management schemes and benthic profiles across the island of Lombok, Indonesia. Our study shows that rubble coverage and net primary productivity are the strongest explainers of variation in protist communities across Lombok. More specifically, rubble fields are characterized by increases in small heterotrophic protists, including ciliates and cercozoans. In addition to shifts in heterotrophic protist communities, we also observed increases in diatom relative abundance in rubble fields, which corresponded to sites with higher net primary productivity. These results are the first to characterize protist communities in tropical marine rubble fields and provide insight on environmental factors potentially driving these shifts on a local scale.
Feeding and locomotor rhythm of the ornamental cichlid fish Amatitlania sp. in different social groups
Authors: Bahiense Raphael Nogueira , Costa Leandro Santos , de Oliveira Guilherme Helder , de Oliveira Camila Gomes , Prado Verônica Guimarães Landa , Fortes‐Silva Rodrigo , Perez Ribeiro Paula Adriane
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feeding activity and the rhythm of daily locomotor activity of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania sp.) kept in different social groups under a self‐feeding system. A total of 120 animals was distributed among six repetitions of four social groups, as follows: group 1 with one male and one female per tank; group 2 with three males and three females per tank; group 3 with six males per tank; and group 4 with six females per tank. Feeding activity (FA) and locomotor activity (LA) were evaluated using photoelectric presence‐sensors connected to automatic feeders. The fish were fed a commercial extruded diet (46% crude protein and 3600 kcal kg−1 of digestible energy). Animal growth was evaluated for all groups. After 30 days of experimentation, the fish stabilized their demands by adjusting their consumption. Amatitlania sp. showed predominantly diurnal FA and LA. All groups showed a peak of activity when the light was turned on and when it was turned off. In summary, FA and LA of Amatitlania sp. are predominantly diurnal and independent of social group. Pairs and groups of males and females together consume less food in relation to groups of one sex or the other due to reproductive behaviour. On the other hand, groups of only males or females consume more food because they lack reproductive stimuli and thus prioritize growth. These results may support good feeding management practices for this ornamental cichlid. Studies relating feeding behaviour with different social groups are of great importance for determining effective feeding strategies for this species in captivity. Thus, such a study assists in a more efficient production of Amatitlania sp.