bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Indonesian Learning Results In Vocabulary Materials With The Make A Match Learning Model In Class 2nd Students of Sd Negeri 3 Getas Academic Year 2020/2021
Authors: Hanifah Hesty Anjar
Published: September 2021

This study aims to improve understanding of vocabulary and their meanings by applying modeling techniques to grade II students in elementary schools. This study was designed in two cycles, with the research subjects of grade II students of SD N 3 Getas in Kaloran District, Temangggung Regency with a total number of students. 19 students. The research design used was the Classroom Action Research (PTK) spiral model from Kemmis and Taggart which included four stages of research, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Students' understanding of the meaning of vocabulary has increased each cycle. Increased understanding of the meaning of students' vocabulary can be seen from the average of the first cycle only 36.8%. While in cycle II the average score increased by 84.21. It was concluded that using the Make a Match type learning model which was carried out in accordance with the learning steps included preparing question and answer cards, dividing students and cards into two parts, mixing the cards. randomly, dividing cards and explaining the learning process, presenting the results of matching cards, making learning conclusions, providing evaluation and closing the learning process in Indonesian subjects can improve learning outcomes for grade 2 students at SD N 3 Getas, Kaloran District, Temanggung Regency
Improving Student Learning Outcomes with Power Point Media Through The Zoom Application on Learning Various Occupational Themes
Authors: Kusumawati Triana
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in learning the various themes of class 4 work. This research was a classroom action research (CAR) which was carried out in three cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were the fourth grade students of SD Negeri 02 Tegalsari in the 2020/2021 school year, totaling 14 students. Data collection techniques using tests. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research shows that the application of power point media can improve student learning outcomes on the subject matter of various jobs in class IV SD Negeri 02 Tegalsari in the 2020/2021 school year as evidenced by the percentage of completeness of learning outcomes in cycle I of 71%, cycle II of 86%, and become 93% in cycle III
Increasing Indonesian Language Learning Results Models of Cooperative Learning Talking Stick Type
Authors: Khasanah Uswa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of students in the Indonesian language muple in grade II elementary schools with a cooperative talking stick learning model. The research carried out was to use two cycles of Classroom Action Research (CAR), with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting was conducted a knowledge test using formative tests and summative tests to determine the development of students. In the first cycle, the students who completed after carrying out the summative test were 62%. In cycle II, students completed after carrying out summative tests of 86%. These results indicate that the cooperative talking stick type learning model can improve student learning outcomes, especially the Class II Indonesian language muple at SD N TIMBULSOKO 1.
Parents as first Teachers for Children
Authors: Asih Rosalia Windu
Published: September 2021

Parents are the firs environment a child experiences when he is born into the world.Furthermore,parents are also the main environment in shaping a child’s personality.At the beginning of their growth, they tend to spend more with the family environment,especially parents.Then in the family a child experiences the first and foremost educational process of the parents.All forms of parental behaviour,both oral and good deeds that are exemplary and habits applied in social life wiil affect the pattern of child development.Therefore,my parents should  able to instill a good education and of course this is true in children from an early age,so that the subsequent development of children can reflect a good and noble personality as well as be beneficial for themselves ,parentsriligion,society and nation and country.
Implementation of Think Pair Share (TPS) Learning Model in civic education
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of students in the PPKn muple in grade II elementary schools with the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model. The research carried out was to use the Classroom Action Research (CAR) in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting was conducted a knowledge test by reinforcing formative tests and summative tests to determine the development of students. In the first cycle students who completed after carrying out summative tests were 68%. In the second cycle the students were complete after carrying out summative tests of 84%. These results indicate that the Pairing learning model (pairing pictures) can improve student learning outcomes, especially the Class II PPKn muple at SD N LUWUNGGEDE 03.
Improvement of Current Reading Abilities Through Letter Card Games for Class 2nd SD Students
Authors: Rusiana Nita
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is that students can read simple words and sentences fluently and accurately through letter card games. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (PTK) in three cycles. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle, the students who completed after carrying out the post test were 73.3%. In cycle II students who completed after carrying out the post test were 90%. These results indicate that reading fluently through the letter card game can improve student learning outcomes, especially Indonesian language muple at SDN 02 Kebagusan.
An Incrase In Skills Concluded Text Reading Trough Model Cooperative Integreted Reading and Composition
Authors: Zulaekha Zulaekha
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research to increase reading text that concluded with the reading integreted learning cooperation and composition in charge subject of Indonesian language in primary school class I. research is by research the act of class (PTK) as much as the, with every consisting of planning, observation and reflection. The meeting test done by post, 1 in students completed 2 reached 90 % this shows that cooperation learning model reading integreted and composition can improve learning outcomes especially charge students subject of Indonesian language class 1 at SDN Kalirejo 03
Improved Mathematics Learning Outcomes on Constructed Flat Material Using PMRI in Grade II SD Negeri 1 Paningkaban Academic Year 2020/2021
Authors: Suwarni Suwarni
Published: September 2021

This study aims (1) to describe efforts to improve student learning outcomes, (2) to describe the use of PMRI to improve trust and learning outcomes. Researchers use PMRI because in the second step (inviting students to solve problems and the third step (facilitating students to express their opinions) can help students become confident. Improving student learning outcomes is pursued through the use of media in the form of flat-shaped objects. This type of research is classroom action research. (PTK), consisting of four steps: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. There were two cycles conducted by the researcher. The subjects of this study were 15 grade II students of SD Negeri 1 Paningkaban. Data collection techniques used observation sheets and written tests. This research uses quantitative and descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate: efforts to improve learning outcomes: from the initial condition 26.67, cycle I to 46.67 and cycle II to 80. Thus the use of PMRI can help students increase their attitude of lack of confidence to become quite confident, also increase yield l student learning on flat wake material.
The Enhancement of Problem-Solving Using Jigsaw Learning Model in The Geometruc Material on The 5th Grade at SDN 1 Petir
Authors: Mulyati Sri
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah pada
materi bangun ruang peserta didik kelas V SDN 1 Petir dengan mengimplementasikan model
pembelajaran jigsaw. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian
dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan yang terdiri atas
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa
kelas V SDN 1 Petir yang berjumlah 36 peserta didik. Sumber data berasal dari guru dan
peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, tes dan
dokumentasi. Validitas data dengan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data
menggunakan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
persentase ketuntasan klasikal pratindakan, siklus I yang semula yaitu 38% meningkat menjadi
75% dan pada siklus II menjadi meningkat ke dalam presentase 91,6%. Aspek pada indikator
penelitian ini yaitu aspek memahami masalah dan merencanakan penyelesaian sebesar 91,6%,
aspek melaksanakan perencanaan penyelesaian sebesar 86,1%, aspek memeriksa kembali
sebesar 78,89%. Peningkatan keterampilan pemecahan masalah menggunakan model
pembelajaran jigsaw yang diterapkan pada peserta didik kelas V SD N 1 Petir meningkat yang
semula pada siklus I yaitu 2,84 menjadi 3,50 pada siklus II dan dapat dikategorikan sangat baik.
Efforts to Improve the Learning Activity of Students through Students Worksheets with Cooperative Learning Method for IV Grade in Elementary School
Authors: Kustiara Kustiara
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik
pada mata pelajaran tematik melalui media LKPD dengan menggunakan metode Cooperatif
Learning pada kelas IV SD Negeri Pende 02 Kersana Brebes. Jenis penelitian ini adalah
penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjeknya adalah peserta didik kelas IV berjumlah 24 siswa.
Desain PTK menggunakan media LKPD dengan metode Cooperative Learning yang meliputi
perencanaan, tindakan dan observasi, serta refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan
observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dan
kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase keaktifan guru dalam
mengelola kelas dan keaktifan belajar peserta didik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kegiatan pra
tindakan dan setiap siklus, yaitu tindakan keaktifan guru dalam mengelola kelas pada siklus I
sebesar 70%, sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 83%. Hal tersebut diiringi dengan peningkatan
rata-rata keaktifan belajar peserta didik dari siklus I sebesar 72%, sedangkan pada siklus II
sebesar 85,24%. Begitu juga keaktifan belajar peserta didik secara klasikal dari siklus I juga
mengalami kenaikan pada siklus II. Dari siklus I 73,21% pada siklus II menjadi 82,39%.
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media LKPD dan model
pembelajaran Cooperatif Learning dalam pembelajaran tematik dapat meningkatkan keaktifan
belajar peserta didik.
Screen Personal Tool to Improve Students Understanding of The Concept Of Summing Round Numbers in SDN 1 Linggasari
Authors: Novianto Hendi
Published: September 2021

The background of the writer is the students' lack of understanding of the concept of adding make numbers.While the purpose of this study is to determine how much influence the use of number line props on student motivation. And to find out how much influence the number line props have on understanding of the teaching material.The method that I use is to use number line props on the concept of adding whole numbers. This research was conducted through a cycle assessment process consisting of four stages (planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting) in three cycles of learning improvement. From the results of the analysis, the conclusions obtained from this study are: 1) The use of number line props in the material of adding whole numbers can increase students' understanding by 71.79%, namely from the initial condition 28.21% to 100% in the third cycle. 2)The use of number line props on the sum of integers material can increase the seriousness of students by 74.36%, namely from the initial condition 25.64% to 100% in the third cycle. Conclusions from this study Is an effective use of number line props to improve understanding of integers.
Improving Learning with Model Cooperative Learning SDN 4 Sambongrejo
Authors: Suryatiningsih Tri Dodok
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study to improve learning was carried out in pre-cycle from the number of 18 students applying Cooperative Learning, teachers gave formative test questions, achieved the completeness of 9 students with a breakdown of 90 grades as many as 3 students, 80 grades as many as 3 students, obtained a score of 70 as many as 3 students, not yet 9 students, scored 60 as many as 5 students and 50 as many as 4 students, the highest score of 90 , the lowest value is 50 . Average value is 68. Learning cycle I number of 18 students, , who achieved completion as many as 12 students details a score of 90 as many as 4 students, a score of 80 as many as 4 students, who obtained a score of 70 as many as 4 students, who have not completed 6 students, the highest score of 90, the lowest score of 60. The average score of 74 cycle II learning from 18 students is a score of 90 as many as 6 students, a score of 80 as many as 6 students, a score of 70 as many as 6 students, a high score of 90 and a low score of 70 An average score of 80 is determined by kkm 70 school.
Improving Low Grade Reading Ability Using Cooperative Learning Methods
Authors: Yunitasari Yunitasari
Published: September 2021

From the purpose of learning problems using the Cooperative Learning method by peeling the sequence, not only to convey information to students, it aims to convey information, among others, the formation of favorable conditions for students to improve student learning outcomes. can be developed through the Cooperative Learning method by peeling the sequence, among others, speaking, asking questions, writing, and reading. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (PTK) with three cycles, with each cycle consisting of two meetings. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is carried out a pre test and post test to determine the development of students. In the first cycle the students who completed after carrying out the post test were 59%. In the second cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 75 %. In the third cycle students who completed after carrying out the post test were 85%. These results indicate that thelearning model Cooperative Learning can improve the learning outcomes of low-grade students at SDN 02 Banjasari
Efforts to Improve Vocabulary Learning Outcomes Through Word Game Methods with Media Pass Picture in Grade 2 Students at SDN 3 Mendenrejo
Authors: Winarti Winarti
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to improve vocabulary learning through word game method with Pass Picture media in grade 2 students at SDN 3 Mendenrejo.Kabupaten Blora.This research is a class action research (PTK). Research is carried out in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, execution of actions, observations, and reflections. The research subjects were grade 2 students at SDN 3 Mendenrejo with 16 students. Data sources come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques are by observation. Data analysis using descriptive data analysis techniques. Research procedures are interconnected. The results showed that through the application of word game methods through pass picture media can improve student vocabulary learning outcomes from pre-cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. Improvement occurs in cycle I. vocabulary learning ability increases even if it is not optimal. The implementation of cycle II causes the ability to learn vocabulary to increase so that it can support a quality learning. The conclusion of this research is that the application of word game methods through Pass Picture can improve vocabulary learning skills in the learning of grade 2 students at SDN 3 Mendenrejo
Utilization of Microsoft Office 365 at Jatiluhur 3 Elementary School
Authors: Purwanti Dwi
Published: September 2021

The pandemic that hit the country of Indonesia brought changes in all sectors. Including the world of education. Face-to-face learning is forced to shift to distance learning. This is a challenge for educators and students. Especially for educators, creativity is required in distance learning. The pandemic that occurred in the 21st century demands that teachers be more professional, must not be blind to technology, and must be able to apply and adapt technology in learning. The fact is that not all teachers are technology literate. Therefore it is necessary to conduct training or increase in technology-based teaching competencies. The focus of this study is: 1) The concept and function of Microsoft office 365 in learning; (2) the use of Microsoft Forms and Sway in teaching at Jatiluhur 3 elementary school. The results of the study include: (1) Microsoft Office 365 has various features that are very supportive of learning; (2) The six teachers at Jatiluhur 3 elementary school have used Microsoft Office 365 with the Microsoft form and sway features.
EFISIENSI KINERJA KEUANGAN SEKTOR PERBANKAN INDONESIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Erlinda Sholihah
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi kinerja keuangan sektor perbankan Indonesia di masa pandemi covid-19 dengan memakai pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berwujud dokumen financial statements dan annual report perbankan umum konvensional dan syariah yang didapat dari laman resmi www.idx.co.id dan www.ojk.go.id. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia yang terdiri atas Bank Umum Konvensional dan Bank Umum Syariah. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 31 Bank Umum Konvensional dan 13 Bank Umum Syariah. Metode pengukuran efisiensi yang dipakai adalah pengujian non parametrik Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan pendekatan intermediasi dan profit. Variabel input yang dipilih mencakup modal, aktiva tetap, dana pihak ketiga (DPK) dan biaya operasional. Sedangkan variabel output mencakup kredit atau pembiayaan dan laba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat efisiensi sektor perbankan baik Bank Umum Konvensional ataupun Bank Umum Syariah menghadapi penurunan yang substansial di masa pandemi covid-19.
Using Comic-Based Socio-Scientific Issues in inquiry learning to increase interest and achievement in science learning
Authors: Lestari Ratna , Haryono Tjipto , Erman Erman
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to produce science comics products of earth disaster response, described the validity, practicality and effectiveness of comic learning tools based on socioscientific issues (SSI). SSI-based comics combined with guided inquiry models to increase interest and science learning achievement. It used to facilitate students learning in classrooms which mostly have a visual learning style. This research developed using 4-D model and designed using the one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 120 Grade VII students of Junior High School. The instruments used validation sheets, the implementation of learning, student activities, student responses in the form of modality and interest questionnaires, attitude assessment sheets, and written tests. The data were analyzed descriptively in the form of questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. This questionnaire contains statements and a Likert scale to measure students' learning modalities and interests, while the learning outcomes test is in the form of a multiple choice written test to measure students' cognitive abilities by determining the percentage of n-gain score and the percentage of learning completeness. The results showed that students' interest and learning achievement on earth disaster response material had increased in all classes because of the use of  SSI-based comic teaching materials that helped optimise the process of guided inquiry learning. The stage of guided inquiry also requires students to read a lot and discuss SSI problems in comics. Statistical tests showed that interest in learning affects increasing student learning achievement in Classes VII-B, VII-C, and VII-E because most students have visual learning modalities. But it did not have much impact on grades VII-A and VII-D, which are modality levels visual learning is still relatively low. This is due to the interest in learning which is influenced  by learning modalities, abilities, learning intensity, student attitudes, and student learning environment. So, great interest tends towards senior learning achievement as well, but not all show the influence of attention on it. Student responses were positive. Finally, SSI-based comic teaching materials in guided inquiry learning on earth disaster response materials are appropriate to be used to increase student interest and achievement in science.
JAIC Predictive Maintenance Dashboard user manual
Authors: Church Joshua , Walker LaKenya , Bednar Amy
Published: September 2021

This manual is intended for new users with minimal or no experience with using the JAIC Predictive Maintenance Dashboard (JPD). The goal of this document is to give an overview of the main functions of JPD. The primary focus of this document is to demonstrate functionality. Every effort has been made to ensure this document is an accurate representation of the functionality of the JPD. For additional information about this manual, contact ERDC.JAIC@erdc.dren.mil.
ORION: Shaping Shetland as the UK's First Green Energy Island
Authors: Newcombe Gunther A
Published: September 2021

The ORION (Opportunity Renewables Integration Offshore Networks) project was launched in April 2020 when Shetland Island Council (SIC) and the OGTC formed a strategic partnership to work on an energy hub concept with Highland & Islands Enterprise (HIE), government and industry. Strathclyde University joined in May 2021 as a strategic partner.

Shetland has all the critical ingredients of clean energy provision There is significant onshore and offshore wind and tidal resource; strategically important hydrocarbon resource; established oil and gas infrastructure; and a knowledgeable and skilled local workforce.

The aim of ORION is threefold:- To enable offshore oil and gas sector transition to net zero by electrification, utilising initially onshore and then offshore wind, sustaining thousands of jobs and security of supply.To transform Shetland's current dependency on fossil fuels to affordable renewable energy to address fuel poverty and improve community wealth.To create a green hydrogen export business on Shetland at industrial scale by harnessing offshore wind power and creating new jobs.

ORION has set several ambitious targets by 2050. These include abating 8mT/year of CO2 from offshore oil and gas production; supplying 32TWh of low carbon hydrogen annually - 12% of UK expected requirement; and generating more than 3GW of wind. The annual revenue generated by the project by 2050 would be around £5Bn per annum and provide sustainable employment, both locally and regionally, for 1750 people.

Techno-economic screening is currently underway, and several individual opportunities are undergoing concept and feasibility analysis.

The ORION project is transformational, on both a local and regional scale, positioning Shetland as one of the first green energy islands in the UK.
Validation of a Novel Floating Wind Turbine Simulation Tool via Benchmarking: Case Study of a Semi-Submersible Platform
Authors: Connolly Aengus John , O'Mahony Gerard
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the validation of a novel floating wind turbine simulation tool based on an existing finite element offshore structural analysis solver that recently has been extended to simulate offshore wind turbines. Given the growing importance of offshore wind in the decarbonization strategy of many countries, and particularly the predicted exponential future growth in floating offshore wind, the requirement for validated numerical modelling tools to support detailed engineering design is now greater than ever. The tool combines a unique structural analysis solver incorporating a 3D hybrid beam-column element featuring fully-coupled axial, torsional and bending deformation modes, with the open-source aerodynamic modelling software FAST, to enable it to perform fully coupled aero-hydro-structural simulation of offshore wind turbines. The validation process focuses on a floating semi-submersible platform hosting a 5MW turbine, which is the reference model used in the international research project Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation (OC4). This is a code-to-code verification project sponsored by the International Energy Agency (IEA) which benchmarks a range of simulation codes for offshore wind turbine modelling. Beginning with fundamental test cases, such as static equilibrium, eigen-analysis, and free-decay simulations, the scenarios advance in complexity to include current loading, regular and random wave excitation, in conjunction with both steady and turbulent wind inflow. The new tool generates results which exhibit a close correlation with the OC4 benchmark data, thereby validating the numerical modelling approach. Although primarily focused on the semi-submersible, the validation programme also considers the same 5MW turbine hosted by a jacket substructure in shallower water, illustrating the versatility of the modelling tool to simulate fixed support structures in addition to floating. Given the scope of the validation effort, this paper presents a representative sample of results only. A more comprehensive report covering the other load cases can be provided to interested readers by the authors. This paper complements the research work undertaken in OC4, further substantiating its insights into the dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines. The new tool offers advantages for non-linear structural simulation via its innovative finite element solution technique, and detailed hydrodynamic modelling via its established and proven numerical models. The combination underlines the benefits of exploiting synergies between offshore oil and gas and offshore wind.
North Sea Horizontal Well with Multi-Zone Completion Sets World Record Using Acid Jetting Technology
Authors: Ritchie Barry , Elhassan Eyad Mohamed , Jørgensen Thomas , Solhaug Kristian
Published: September 2021

A new development well in the Halfdan Field, well HBB-05, was selected as a candidate for the first Multilateral Completion Stimulation Technology (MCST) installation in the Danish sector of the North Sea. Placed in a thinner part of the Ekofisk formation it was important that the well didn't communicate with the underlying Tor formation, which would reduce the recovery from both reservoirs. An alternative completion was sought that would enhance reservoir contact, while protecting reserves.

Halfdan is a laterally extensive field and comprises a high porosity (25% - 35%), low permeability (0.5 mD – 5 mD) chalk reservoir of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) and Danian (0.1-1mD) (Lower Paleocene) age. The main field, located within the Maastrichtian Tor formation, is developed with long horizontal wells of 10,000 ft - 15,000 ft reservoir sections drilled in a parallel pattern of alternating oil production and water injection wells spaced 600 ft apart.

A multizone MCST was placed in a thin, layered chalk aiming for an increased effective well bore radius. The well consisted of a 4-½" liner with a new record number of subs placed in one well; 56 MCST subs. Each sub contained four needles at 90 degrees phasing capable of penetrating up to 40 ft. into the reservoir. The subs were placed in the distal 3,000ft horizontal section, beyond the reach of coiled tubing. The liner was installed on a work string starting at 16,820 ft.

First time usage of MCST offshore Denmark creates a potential game changer for carbonate reservoir productivity enhancement. Production improvement over conventional stimulation methods where the following challenges may be addressed: –Thin, layered chalk–Need for increased wellbore radius–Extended reach reservoir sections–Beyond the reach of coiled tubing
Floating Substations for Commercial-Scale Floating Windfarms
Authors: Jones Justin , Childs Ian
Published: September 2021

As floating wind farms move from pilot projects to commercial-scale installations they will move further offshore and into deeper water. There will be a requirement for offshore substations to deliver the electricity to shore, for which floating support structures will be the preferred solution. This paper describes the challenges and development of solutions for commercial-scale HVAC and HVDC floating offshore substations.

Two different floating substation concepts have been developed. Layouts for the electrical and ancillary equipment were initially developed, to enable efficient packaging and structural efficiency for the topsides. By integrating the hull and topsides, the overall mass of the structure is minimised, benefitting stability and reducing hull size. Hydrodynamic analysis of the substructures was performed and structural code checks on the hull and topsides were carried out in Sesam. Mooring designs for each structure for 250m water depth have been developed and analysed in Orcaflex.

It is likely that alternating current (HVAC) export to shore will be used for shorter transmission distances and direct current (HVDC) will be used for longer transmission distances. HVDC and HVAC floating substations will have quite different hull forms. The larger topsides footprint and greater mass of the HVDC conversion equipment make a conventional semi-submersible hull form efficient when allied to a stressed-skin topsides structure. The smaller footprint, lighter weight and differing requirements for protection from the elements of the HVAC topsides make this inefficient, so a deep draught semi-submersible with a hybrid topsides is the preferred solution.

It is concluded that floating substations suitable for large, commercial-scale wind farms will be the chosen solution for anything other than shallow water or close to shore.
Optimizing Casing Cut and Pull Operations Efficiency Using Ultrasonic Logging Data
Authors: Winther Tonje , Obando Palacio Guillermo Andres , Govil Amit
Published: September 2021

Thousands of wells will enter the plug and abandonment (P&A) phase across the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), either for permanent well abandonment or section abandonment with subsequent sidetracks. In the medium and long term, more wells will be added to follow the same path as exploration, drilling, and production continues.

The cost of abandonment operations demands improvement of how P&A operations are performed. A critical, and often time-consuming operation, of well or section abandonment is to cut and pull (C&P) some of the casing strings. Uncertainties about the status of the annular contents and the material within it, such as settled solids, contaminated cement, or well geometry might pose restraints that could hinder the C&P efficiency. The uncertainties may cause operations to deviate from the plan, increasing the time and the costs required.

New-generation ultrasonic tools, in combination with sonic tools, provide information about the annulus material with a detailed map of the axial and azimuthal variations of the annulus contents. The geometric position of the inner pipe can be determined relative to the outer casing or borehole using advanced measurements. Logging with ultrasonic and sonic tools is a noninvasive method that can increase the efficiency of C&P operations.

In this paper we discuss three case studies of wells ranging from 2 to 40 years old. Some of the wells have reached the end of their economic life and are now ready for permanent plug and abandonment (PP&A) or slot recovery. Each case is unique with different casing sizes being retrieved, along with varied annulus contents observed from ultrasonic and sonic log data. The innovative use of the data interpretation with advanced workflows decreased uncertainties about the annulus contents and enabled following an informed C&P strategy. In all three cases, the casing sections were retrieved without difficulties from the recommended depths of the analysis. Casing milling was performed in intervals where C&P was not supported by the data analysis.
Downhole Monitoring of Fractures in a Waterflood Development – Part 1
Authors: Kohli Abhinandan , Kelder Oscar , Volkov Maxim , Greiss Rita-Michel , Kudriavaya Natalia , Galyautdinov Albert
Published: September 2021

When an oilfield is exploited by simply producing oil and gas from a number of wells, the reservoir pressure in many circumstances drops quicker than normal impacting the production rates (Koning, 1988) and well performance.

To maintain the pressures in the oil producing formations, waterflooding enhancement method is implemented by the Operators. This is achieved by drilling injection wells or converting the oil producing wells into injectors. The injection wells are located at carefully selected points in the oilfield so that the water displaces as much oil as possible to the production wells before the water starts to break through. A significant saving in an oilfield development can be obtained by reducing the actual number of injecting wells and increasing each of the injector wells' capacity for injection. Balancing the injection and produced volumes often involves injecting at high pressures leading to the fracture of the reservoir rocks along a plane intersecting the wellbore. This happens when injection pressure overcomes the rock stress and its tensile strength, thereby creating an induced fracture network. With continuous injection, these fractures start propagating into the reservoir and may reach the reservoir caprock. Continuing to inject further in such a fracture system may breach the top seal integrity of the caprock leading to uncontrolled out of zone injection.

The study of evaluation of downhole fracture monitoring is divided into two parts. In this paper a downhole verification approach to identify the fracture initiation point(s) is the focus. It describes the planning, execution and interpretation of the downhole data. This includes spectral acoustic monitoring and modelling of the temperature responses to quantify the injectivity profile.

In paper (Kohli, Kelder, Volkov, Castelijns, & van Eijs, 2021), the direct business impact and regulatory requirements are discussed by further integration of acoustic monitoring and temperature modeling data with detailed results from downhole measurements of fracture dimensions by means of pressure fall off tests. Combined, both studies form the integrated approach that the Operator took to meet the regulatory requirements proving that the fracture network propagation remains within the reservoir and that the top seal integrity is maintained.
Financing Net Zero: Addressing Technology Risk for Financial Investments in the Energy Transition
Authors: Young John , Dawes Myrtle , Smith Andrew , Lake Keiren , Lawton Keith
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the challenges that must be addressed to support the financing of novel technologies needed to achieve the United Kingdom's stated goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. It identifies practical steps that stakeholders providing investment funding, as well as technology developers can take to drive net zero outcomes. The paper represents the first time such a diverse group of independent industry professionals have come together to explore financing challenges associated with the Energy Transition.

Apart from the diversity of the authors backgrounds and expertise, a survey was conducted of 121 respondents from across the energy landscape while preparing this paper. The survey was launched to an international audience, however, respondents were largely from the oil and gas and renewable industries from both the UK and Europe.

The paper seeks to align investors in technological developments and will enable them to more accurately value the risks of novel technology deployment. This requires developers to present their solutions in a manner that investors can understand, and which enables financial risk to be more accurately aligned with the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) approach. Another critical element is making sure the rush to develop newer technologies to achieve Net Zero takes into account the right Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. The ultimate goal of the paper is to begin a dialogue that will eventually lead to a shift in the way that private and public institutions think about financing nascent technologies.
The Journey to Net Zero: Driving Down Emissions from Bp's North Sea Operations
Authors: Coupland Sam Peter
Published: September 2021

bp's strategy sets out a decadeof delivery towards becoming a net zero company by 2050 (or sooner) with targets set for emissions from operations to fall by between 30-35% by 2030.

In pursuit of this, a North Sea carbonplan has been developed to identify, track, and deliver sustainable emission reductions (SERs) activities.

Proactive engagement has been essential in delivery of this plan, helping to empower colleagues to prioritize emissions reduction opportunities.

To date, the plan has identified more than 80 SERs across bp's North Seaportfolio and cumulatively reduced carbonemissions by more than 400,000 tonnes from offshore operations.

It is on track to reduce almost 70,000tonnes of carbon from operations in 2021 alone. Whilst it is recognised that this represents only part of bp's annual scope 1 emissions in the North Sea; this is a lasting operational improvement. The plan has also significantly reduced sources of unknown flare gas.

It also contributed to a 45% reduction in flare activity in 2020 vs 2019as well as achieving zero routine flaringon two of bp's major west of Shetland installations from October 2020

The plan has more deeply embedded emissions tracking in operations on and offshore and helped further improve working practices on flaring and energy efficiency in general.
Risk factors for acute brucellosis in patients on the day of admission at selected hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Laiba , Ali Shahzad
Published: September 2021

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of ruminants. It causes severe health problems in humans and significant economic loss. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Pakistan to determine the prevalence of human brucellosis and related risk factors. The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in sera collected from symptomatic patients at three hospitals of Abbottabad using a commercial slide agglutination test (SAT) and to determine risk factors for brucellosis for these patients. Five hundred blood samples were collected. A questionnaire was filled in for each patient to obtain information on age, gender, living area, brucellosis associated symptoms, pregnancy and abortion history. A total of 13.6% (n=68) patients were found to be SAT positive and in 83.3% (n=57) of these samples Brucella DNA was detected by genus specific BCSP-31 gene using real time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to determine odd ratios, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P-values. The prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies was reported to be higher in women (14.6%, n=44) than in man (12.1%, n=24). The age group of 25-50 years was found to be at higher risk for brucellosis (14.5%, n=50). Animal contact was reported as the main risk associated factor followed by consumption of raw animal products. Thirteen pregnant women (9.9%) were found brucellosis positive. Of these, 23.8% (n=5) had an abortion history. The present study reports a striking prevalence of brucellosis among patients including pregnant women at three hospitals of Abbottabad. These findings may foster strategies for controlling human brucellosis at household level, raising of awareness about brucellosis in hospital and family doctors and finally in setting up an eradication program in the dairy industry.
Relationship of Muslim Religiosity and Death Anxiety with the Mediating Effect of Optimism and Depression Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Abbas Qasir , Kanwal Uzma , Saeed Wizra , Khan Muhammad Umar , Shahzadi Mafia , Faran Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Optimism and the practice of any religion are known to reduce depression and anxiety in cancer patients; however, in the present study, the specific role of Muslim religiosity, optimism, depression, and death anxiety in cancer patients has been explored. The sample of this study consists of 200 cancer patients from different hospitals of the districts Faisalabad and Lahore (Pakistan). The sample's average age was 26.6 years. Parallel mediation findings show that optimism and depression are significant mediators between Muslim religiosity and death anxiety among cancer patients. Muslim religiosity is positively associated with optimism, and it helps to decrease the level of death anxiety, while depression is negatively associated with Muslim religiosity, and high depression increases the death anxiety level of cancer patients. In conclusion, Muslim religiosity and optimism play significant roles in managing depressive symptoms and death anxiety among cancer patients.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Circular Rnas and Validation of hsa_circ_0086354 as a Promising Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Bian Xuzhao , Wu Chao , Wang Yan , Wu Yang , Gu Xiaoqin , Zhuo Suyan , Sun Shiquan
Published: September 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a spectrum of non-progressive motor disorders caused by brain injury during fetal or postnatal periods. Current diagnosis of CP mainly relies on neuroimaging and motor assessment. Here, we aimed to explore novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of CP. Methods: Blood plasma from five CP children and their healthy twin brothers/sisters was analyzed by gene microarray to screen out differentially expressed RNAs. Selected differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) were further validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the value of using hsa_circ_0086354 as a biomarker of CP.Results: 43 up-regulated circRNAs and 2 down-regulated circRNAs were obtained by difference analysis (fold change>2, p<0.05), among which five circRNAs related to neuron differentiation and neurogenesis were chosen for further validation. Additional 30 pairs of CP children and healthy controls were recruited and five selected circRNAs were further detected, showing that hsa_circ_0086354 was significantly down-regulated in CP plasma compared with control, which was highly in accord with microarray analysis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) to discriminate CP children and healthy controls using hsa_circ_0086354 was 0.967, the sensitivity was 0.833 and the specificity was 0.966. Moreover, hsa_circ_0086354 was predicted as a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-181a, miR-4741 and miR-4656, and much literature evidence suggested that miR-181a may be a key target of hsa_circ_0086354 to regulate neuronal survival and neuronal differentiation. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0086354 was significantly down-regulated in blood plasma of CP children, which may be a novel competent biomarker for early diagnosis of CP.
The Nonlinear Links Between Urbanization And CO2: Evidence From Unconditional Quantile And Threshold Regression
Authors: Kocoglu Mustafa , Awan Ashar , Tunc Ahmet , Aslan Alper
Published: September 2021

The extant literature has provided empirical evidences about the relationship between urbanization and environment, however, a little attention has been paid to non-linear relationship among them. This study aims to measure the effects of urbanization on carbon dioxide emission using quantile and threshold regression method. To this end, the study employed threshold analysis and quantile regression method and analyzed the variation of such non-linearity for different levels of carbon dioxide using quantile regression. The results illustrate that a single threshold and two regimes exist and the threshold for urbanization is 29.56%. Across both regimes, the elasticity estimates form an inverted U-shape impact of urbanization on the carbon dioxide emission. The increase in the marginal effect of urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions up to the median level and a declining trend after this level implies that environmental quality significantly improves for emerging country.
Monocyte Distribution Width As A Novel Sepsis Indicator in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Alsuwaidi Laila , Heialy Saba Al , Shaikh Nahid , Najjar Firas Al , Seliem Rania , Han Aaron , Hachim Mahmood
Published: September 2021

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable virus which causes the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an in-vitro hematological parameter which describes the changes in monocyte size distribution and can indicate progression from localized infection to systemic infection. In this study we evaluated the correlation between the laboratory parameters and available clinical data in different quartiles of MDW to predict the progression and severity of COVID-19 infection.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of clinical data collected in the Emergency Department of Rashid Hospital Trauma Center-DHA from adult individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January and June 2020. The patients (n = 2454) were assigned into quartiles based on their MDW value on admission. The four groups were analyzed to determine if MDW was an indicator to identify patients who are at increased risk for progression to sepsis.
Results
Our data showed a significant positive correlation between MDW and various laboratory parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study also revealed that MDW ≥ 24.685 has a strong correlation with poor prognosis of COVID-19.
Conclusions
Monitoring of monocytes provides a window into the systemic inflammation caused by infection and can aid in evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19 infection.