bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MARKETING ACTIVITY IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC OPERATIONS
Authors:   Vinnytsia Institute University «Ukraine», Omelchenko Olena , Shved Vadym ,   Vinnytsia Institute University «Ukraine», Yakovchenko Ivan ,   Vinnytsia Institute University «Ukraine»
Published: May 2022

The article considers the key aspects of marketing activities in terms of foreign economic transactions. First of all, attention is paid to the study of the theoretical essence of marketing. A meaningful analysis of the phenomenon of marketing and proposed the most acceptable, from the point of view of the authors, the definition, namely that the modern marketing system considers the production of goods and services depending on the requirements and needs of the consumer. The key principles of marketing, marketing tasks are analyzed. Attention is paid to marketing tools and functions, namely the analytical group of functions, the production group of functions, the sales group of functions and the management group of functions. On the basis of the conducted analysis the place of marketing activity in the general system of management of activity of the enterprise is resulted. Existing approaches to the implementation of the marketing function through the appropriate sales channels are studied: direct, indirect and mixed. A critical analysis of the evolution of approaches to understanding the essence of the marketing complex (marketing mix) is carried out, primarily due to the isolation of more unique components, which occurs under the influence of globalization processes. Thus, the authors note that the classic approach «4P»: product, place, price, promotion, has been transformed into more complex elemental systems, which from the point of view of developers may include 5 and 6 and 7 components, including participants, physical evidence or process. The authors believe that the most logical is the «5P» system, which in addition to the four classic components also includes such an element as people. That is, the marketing mix takes into account the human factor, which includes not only communication but also the establishment of relationships with staff within the company and with consumers. The content of international marketing as the main tool for the practical implementation of marketing in terms of foreign economic activity is analyzed. The authors note that the key features of marketing in foreign trade operations are a more extensive focus on the consumer, the dictates of national marketing and the inevitability of additional costs.
THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY IN ENSURING FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Sytnyk Natalia , Baskova Yuliia ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: May 2022

The research identifies the role of monetary policy in ensuring financial security in martial law. The economic essence of the term «monetary policy» and the defined main participant of this sector is given. It is noted that the National Bank of Ukraine is considered as the main state institution that complements the state power in the sphere of influence on the banking and non-banking capital of the society. The National Bank of Ukraine performs the main function of controlling the banking sector, which ensures the implementation of monetary policy, and therefore it can be assumed that the central bank is responsible for the monetary security of the state. The article highlights the main purpose of monetary policy in Ukraine. An analysis of the current state of monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine during 2018–2021. The dynamics of the US dollar and the euro against the Ukrainian national currency during 2015–2021 has been studied. It is proved that monetary policy is a catalyst for ensuring the financial security of our state and plays an important role in this process. The economic essence of the concept of «monetary security» is highlighted. The place of monetary security in the national security system has been determined. The basic conditions for ensuring monetary security are described. An analysis of the dynamics of monetary security of Ukraine during 2018–2021. In particular, the speed of circulation, inflation rate, volume of foreign currency deposits, monetary multiplier, and others were studied. The dynamics of the level of monetization and the level of dollarization of the economy of Ukraine for 2018–2021 has been studied. The main reasons for the process of dollarization of the economy in Ukraine are identified. The greatest threats to Ukraine’s monetary security were noted. The key tool used by the National Bank of Ukraine to ensure price stability, which will contribute to the growth of monetary security of the state. Measures that are appropriate to implement to address this situation in the context of economic and national security are proposed.
COUNTRY RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Derid Iryna , Telyzhenko Alona ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: May 2022

Risk is especially important when conducting international business, including when carrying out investment activities abroad, as the risk of a foreign country is added to the traditional entrepreneurial risk. The paper considers different approaches to understanding the concepts of political risk and country risk and the attempt to prove the right to exist of all approaches proposed by researchers is made. The authors conclude that when using two concepts in parallel: country risk and political risk, scientists understand political risk rather narrowly and consider it an element of country risk. If the concepts of political risk and country risk are used interchangeably, then political risk is broadly understood – through the prism of the investment climate in the host country, because ultimately the political process shapes this climate. The authors analyze the options for countries risk analysis used by different agencies. Most often they use a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The authors conducted a correlation analysis to identify the dependency between the level of risk in the country and the export quota, foreign trade quota and the inflow of foreign direct investment. The results of the study in a sample of countries appeared to be ambiguous. Obviously, country risk is an important determinant for choosing countries for international business, but it is not decisive. The choice of country is significantly influenced by the availability of favorable conditions for business, especially cheap factors of production. Methods of risk management and mitigation in international business are considered. At the corporate level the verification of foreign partners, the creation of international strategic alliances and joint ventures, the compilation of clear contracts and the application of hedging and insurance are applied. Political risk insurance is a complex and risky procedure, so it is mostly carried out by specialized rating agencies at international organizations. The article considers the list of political risks from which insurance is provided. The authors also consider the terms of insurance. Usually only viable, environmentally friendly projects that ensure economic growth are insured.
ВПЛИВ АРХІТЕКТУРНО-ПЛАНУВАЛЬНИХ РІШЕНЬ НА САНІТАРНО-ГІГІЄНІЧНІ УМОВИ ПРАЦІ МЕДПРАЦІВНИКІВ, ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПСИХІАТРИЧНИХ ЛІКАРЕНЬ УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН ЄС
Authors: Чорна Валентина , Махнюк Валентина , Юрченко Світлана , Сердюк Євгеній , Назаренко Василь
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлено особливості організації архітектурного середовища і санітарно-гігієнічних умов психіатричних лікарень України та країн ЄС, їх значення для процесу лікування, стан, самопочуття, тривалість перебування в лікарнях хворих. Проведено аналіз напрямків реформування закладів охорони психічного здоров’я у європейських країнах на основі вивчення рецензованої вітчизняної і закордонної літератури. Встановлено, що більшість психіатричних лікарень України розташовані у пристосованих зношених будівлях які будувались у ХVIII-XIX столітті, що суперечить ключовій вимозі системи охорони психічного здоров’я у країнах Європейського союзу і не дозволяє створити «цілюще архітектурне середовище» для ефективного лікування хворих і створення умов «домашнього середовищі». В Україні нормативний документ санітарного законодавства, який містив би санітарно-епідеміологічні та гігієнічні вимоги до проектування, будівництва, оздоблення, оснащення та експлуатації закладів охорони здоров‘я із стаціонарами, на даний час формально не існує. Понад 300 нормативно-правових актів були скасовані, які були видані до прийняття Акту проголошення незалежності України, тобто нормативно-правові акти Союзу РСР та Української РСР. Із аналіз лабораторних досліджень за період 2014-2019 рр., проведених у лікувально-профілактичних закладах Вінницької області, дозволяє констатувати низький рівень штучного освітлення і порушення мікрокліматичних умов. У низці вітчизняних психоневрологічних лікарень виявлено грубі порушення прав людини, незадовільні матеріально-технічні умови і недотримання санітарно-гігієнічних вимог, на що також вказують результати анкетування родичів психічнохворих. В Україні особливого значення набуває проблема розробки нормативної бази санітарного та містобудівного законодавства щодо вимог до проектування нових закладів охорони здоров’я психоневрологічного профілю з залученням, за прикладом європейського досвіду, мультидисциплінарних робочих груп для створення максимально безпечних і комфортних умов перебування пацієнтів і медичного персоналу у психіатричних закладах. Результати анкетування респондентів (родичи хворих) оброблені за допомогою ліцензійного стандартизованого пакету «Statistica 6.1». У роботі використовувалися аналіз вітчизняних та зарубіжних наукових джерел, бібліосемантичний, аналітичний та статистичний методи досліджень.
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FORMATS OF RESTAURANTS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute DTEU, Postova Valentyna
Published: May 2022

The article considers the development of the latest formats of restaurants in Ukraine. It was determined that it is important for restaurant enterprises not only to maintain a high level of service, but also to respond to new trends of interest to consumers in order to be competitive in the services market. It was determined that in accordance with the trends there are new formats of restaurants, ie systems of organization of production and sale of products, methods of customer service. The article described in more detail the main types of the latest formats of restaurants in Ukraine: «Free Flow», «Fast Casual», «Fine Dining», «Casual Dining», «Quick and casual», «Fast food», «Quick and casual», «Food Court», «Street-food». It is determined that the current level of restaurant service in Ukraine is quite high compared to previous years, as the quarantine restrictions of 2020-2021 still made significant adjustments to its activities, but the restaurant industry continues to develop. It was analyzed that those institutions that managed to overcome the crisis, and today continue to surprise their visitors with new formats and areas. In accordance with the classification and analysis of the features of each of the new formats of restaurants, the main directions of development of the restaurant industry were developed. From this analysis it was determined that the national cuisine is in the process of revival. With the influence of the environment in the restaurant business, new concepts of institutions that care about the environment are emerging. It was also found that risk and victory are important for every restaurant, because every institution that chooses a policy of innovation is not always able to find its consumer segment in the market. A person's excellent well-being is more influenced by a healthy diet, which is always in trend. That is why the restaurant business in Ukraine is developing rapidly, new formats of restaurants are opening up, which not only displace the outdated ones, but also change the consumer's opinion about restaurant services in general. It was determined that along with the change of formats, new trends and technologies come, which also has a positive effect on the development of the industry as a whole and each individual institution.
ASSESSMENT OF THE BANK'S FINANCIAL SECURITY STATUS USING THE TAXONOMY COEFFICIENT
Authors:   Kherson National Technical University, Sysoenko Irуna , Karliuka Dmytro ,   Kherson National Technical University
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to assessing the state of financial security of the bank using the taxonomy ratio. The authors present indicators of financial security of the bank in the form of a matrix of observations. In the article the authors formed a matrix of observations using such indicators as profit (loss), return on assets, share of capital in liabilities, overall profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, reliability ratio, capital multiplier, loan-to-liability ratio, profit per employee, authorized capital adequacy ratio, share of capital in liabilities, possibility of using internal bank reserves, financial leverage ratio. In the article, the authors identified indicators-stimulators and indicators-disincentives. In particular, the stimulus indicators included such indicators as profit (loss), return on assets, share of capital in liabilities, total profitability ratio, reliability ratio, loan-to-value ratio, profit per employee, authorized capital adequacy ratio, share capital in liabilities, the possibility of using internal bank reserves, the ratio of financial leverage. The indicators-disincentives included such indicators as the efficiency ratio and the capital multiplier. Among the indicators recognized by the stimulators, the authors chose the highest value – it will be the indicator of the standard vector Among the disincentives, the authors chose the lowest value – it will also be the indicator of the standard vector. To further evaluate the indicators, the authors identified and constructed a standard vector. In the article, the authors calculated the integrated indicator of financial security on the example of Raiffeisen Bank Aval for the last five years, using the bank's statistics and financial statements. In the article the authors draw conclusions based on the calculated integrated indicator of financial security, namely: the taxonomy ratio is higher at high stimulant rates and decreases at low stimulus rates; there are fluctuations, increases and sharply decreases in 2020 to the minimum value for the study period; you need to actively respond to changes that reflect the result. attention should be paid to finding effective management methods to improve financial performance and strengthen the security of the bank in future periods.
MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODS AND THEIR FEATURES
Authors:   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Bоkоvets Viktоriia , Zaiats Oleksandra ,   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2022

The article considers modern methods of project management. The definition of the main methods of project management is given. The characteristic of modern methods of project management is given: Scrum, Agile, Lean, Kanban, Six Sigma, PRINCE2. The essence, key advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods are defined and recommendations on expediency of introduction of methods, depending on requirements of the client and field of application are given. The need to introduce modern methods of project management in the domestic business system (both at the regional level and at the level individual object) due to the project orientation in the direction of active implementation. International standards of project management. Design the management format focuses on clear clarity parameters for time, finances, material and labor resources. The issue of integration of theoretical approaches into practice implementation of projects and programs of special relevance in Ukraine due to improved controllability in complex organizational conditions: time constraints, changes stability, maximum optimization in the use of resources. It is determined that on the basis of implementation of the considered methods and also at carrying out the additional analysis of a current condition of management of projects at the enterprise there is a possibility of definition of directions and priorities of development of system of management of projects. Currently, there is no perfect and perfect project management system that would be suitable for each type of project and enterprise. However, during the existence of project management, many effective methods of project management, approaches and methods for their implementation in modern enterprises have been developed. The developed approaches differ from each other in the areas of application, detail, self-sufficiency and methods of implementation. Today, more and more companies are switching to design methods. In fact, any major task is a project, because it has a purpose, deadlines, and resources are allocated for its implementation. The project must be skillfully managed. Project management is actively used in the work of IT companies, creative and web agencies, international corporations and even government agencies. In today's economy, the concept of project management is a working tool used in many areas. A welldesigned project helps the company to develop, gain new positions in the market where it operates, implement long-term plans.
ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ
Authors: Черненко Н.І.
Published: May 2022

У статті проаналізовано можливість використання систем штучного інтелекту в управлінні персоналом, оскільки в умовах сьогодення ця технологія є однією з найбільш передових інструментів, який може бути використаний у всіх галузях економіки. З’ясовано що ШІ відчиняє якісно нові можливості в галузі багатьох управлінських процесів, підвищуючи ефективність їх виконання на всіх рівнях, доповнюючи обмежені можливості людини. Зокрема, пошук талантів, який є одним із ключових обов'язків HR-відділу кадрів, технологія ШІ дозволяє оптимізувати цей процес, покладаючись більше на аналітичну обробку великих масивів інформації, а не на особисті судження. У роботі виокремлено основні переваги та потенційні можливості технологій штучного інтелекту, які співвіднесені з існуючими HR-функціями щодо всіх етапів циклу життя співробітника в компанії: операційна ефективність, рекрутмент, онбординг, управління талантами, стратегічне планування, кар'єрне зростання й управлінські зміни. Також сформовані питання потенційної небезпеки, що можуть виникнути у процесі впровадження технологій штучного інтелекту. Визначений рівень готовності та ступень залученості менеджерів до впровадження новітніх технологій в управління людськими ресурсами. Виокремлені етичних проблеми, які можуть виникнути під час використання систем штучного інтелекту в бізнес-процесах HR, зокрема питання збільшення панування роботодавця над працівниками під час виконання функціональних обов’язків завдяки допомозі нових інструментів штучного інтелекту для моніторингу та контролю за діяльністю працівників та заходи попередження й розв’язання цих проблем.
Clonal propagation of Gmelina arborea Roxb grown in southeastern Mexico
Authors: RAMIREZ MARYNOR ELENA , Nieto López Alejandro , Feliciano-Sánchez Kete M. , González-Cortés Nicolás
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clonal behavior of Gmelina arborea Roxb from mother plant cuttings in southeastern Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely random design of three treatments with four repetitions was established; the treatments were concentrations of IBA (4000, 6000 and 3000 ppm). The following were evaluated: percentage of rooting, days until root formation, type of cutting, number of roots, length of roots and absorbent roots. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were performed with Statistix 9.0.
Results: In the analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant factors were observed (callus and number of roots), and also, a fluctuation was observed in the percentage of rooting from 84% to 92%. Regarding the number of roots and cm of roots, there were significant differences in the presence of number of roots of the 6000 ppm treatment. 
Conclusions: The concentration of IBA in the rooting generates good results in different concentrations, depending on the cutting implemented, the factors callus and number of roots; significant records were obtained between treatments, favoring the acceleration of presence of roots.
Effect of selenium on semen quality and fertility of rams
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo Enrique , Sánchez-Pineda Héctor , Tórtora-Pérez Jorge , Cigarroa Vázquez Francisco Antonio , Reyes-García María , Peralta-Lailson Marisela , Hernández-Marín José A.
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different selenium (Se) doses on semen quality and fertility of rams.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Se was administered subcutaneously each month to nine two-month-old rams (from April 2018 to February 2020). The treatments were: T1 = without Se, T2 = 0.1 mg Se kg-1, and T3 = 0.3 mg Se kg-1. Semen evaluations were carried out using an electroejaculator; a total of 180 ejaculations were analyzed. The rams with better semen quality (one per treatment) were subjected to a mating. The following variables were evaluated: volume (Vol), masal motility (MM), progressive motility (MP), sperm concentration per mL and ejaculation, acrosome integrity percentage, living spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa, and fertility percentage. The normal distribution variables were evaluated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s comparison test (Tukey, 0.05); the percentages were raised to the inverse sine in order to perform the appropriate ANOVA. Fertility was analyzed using a χ2 test.
Results: There was no difference in semen quality and fertility percentage (p > 0.05). The ejaculation volume showed differences between treatments (p ≤ 0.05).
Study Limitations/Implications: A study including a higher number of rams and a previous fieldwork practice should be carried out, in order to evaluate semen parameters. These evaluations would help to accurately estimate semen quality and fertility, as well as to corroborate the results.
Findings/Conclusions: Se did not improve semen quality and fertility of rams
Deep-Ocean Validation of the LIGHTHOUSE System - Cruise No. AL568, 11.11.21 – 22.11.21, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) - LIGHTHOUSE-TEST III. Alkor-Berichte AL568
Authors: Kwasnitschka Tom
Published: May 2022

The objective of this cruise was to conduct the final and complete field test of the LIGHTHOUSE situational awareness system for remotely operated vehicles, developed in the HVF 0068 Project LIGHTHOUSE. This included three divesof the ROV PHOCAin the Norwegian Sognefjord, during which the optical and acoustic sensors were validated. Moreover, as part of the EU H2020 project iAtlantic (grant agreement 818123), we investigated the response of pelagic deep-sea fauna to warmingand suspended sediment (which will be introduced to pelagic ecosystems by deep-sea mining activities). To this end, we captured the jellyfish Periphylla periphyllaand conducted shipboard experiments.
Obtención de un modelo de Learning Analytics con información de un LMS
Authors: Nevárez Chávez Leonardo , Caldera Franco Marisela Ivette , Ronquillo Máynez Gregorio
Published: May 2022

En las instituciones de educación superior, como resultado del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, se generan y obtienen datos en diferentes sistemas computacionales, tales como sistemas internos, LMS (Learning Management System), redes sociales, entre otros. La información que se obtiene de estos sistemas raramente es utilizada para su análisis, retroalimentación y mejora de los procesos. Considerando solamente un LMS, estos producen información importante, como accesos de los estudiantes, secciones o elementos vistos, entrega de tareas y su cumplimiento a plazos, así como la participación en foros y otras actividades. Esta investigación tiene como propósito describir el uso de la información contenida en la bitácora, la cual es generada por el LMS Moodle, con el objetivo de establecer un modelo de Learning Analytics que lleve a predecir el rendimiento de los estudiantes. El modelo es incorporado en una aplicación informática mediante una interfaz amigable, y sirve para dar a conocer los resultados del modelo a tutores, profesores o personal autorizado. La aplicación identifica estudiantes en riesgo académico y se sugiere utilizarla como apoyo para decidir una posible intervención académica en beneficio de los estudiantes. Se usan técnicas de regresión simple, regresión múltiple, agrupamiento y análisis de componentes principales para obtener diferentes modelos de predicción. Se aplica la metodología CRISP-DM como guía en el proceso de desarrollo.
Revisiting Seven Decades of India’s Achievements and Challenges
Authors:   Presidency University, Kolkata, India, Mahmood Zaad ,   Email: zaad.mahmood@gmail.com
Published: May 2022

As India commemorates its 75th year of independence this essay seeks to take stock of the achievements, challenges and failures of the Indian Republic. Through an sweeping reading of political history of India and focus on specific historical moments it builds a narrative of the journey. The essay highlights the successes of democracy, limited welfarism and political management of conflicts ensuring territorial integrity. These successes, however, run the risk of being undermined with contemporary challenges to the core values of the republic. The essay contributes to the political discourse on India at three levels, first it provides a historical narrative and scrutinises the achievement/ failures of the Indian State against the promises of the republic; second, it provides an analysis of the structural features underpinning the political narrative and third, it highlights the transient nature of republics in general through a reading of the Indian case. Keywords: India; historical and political narrative; democracy; 75th years of independence
Perbandingan Kesintasan Tiga Tahun pada Anak Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut antara Protokol Pengobatan 2006 dan 2013
Authors: YAKIN RAHIMUL , SYARIF SYAHRIZAL , TEHUTERU EDI SETIAWAN
Published: May 2022

Treatment of children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was developing, currently in Indonesia there are several commonly used protocols such as National protocol (Jakarta), WK-LLA 2000 protocol, LLA protocol 2006 and protocol LLA 2013. The purpose of this study to determine the probability of survival 3 years In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia between protocols 2006 and 2013. This study used a mix method of retrospective cohorts and in-depth interviews. The population in this study were LLA children aged 1–15 years who received protocol 2006 and 2013 in RSKD Jakarta from 2008–2016 is 68 children with research time from April 2016 until June 2016. Data were analyzed using Cox Regression. The result of this study shows that the 3-year survival probability of LLA remission based on the 2006 treatment protocol is 30% and the treatment protocol of 2013 is 27%. A 3-year survival event remission occurred between 2006 and 2013 treatment protocols of HR 1.57 (90% CI 0.577–4,299), but the difference between the two protocols was not statistically significant with p-value 0.456.The results of in-depth interviews were also obtained in protocols 2006 and 2013 in the same principle but there remain some differences between the both of the treatment schedule and doses are cumulatively increased. The conclusions of these two protocols are in principle the same and there is not much difference in inputs and processes.  ABSTRAK Pengobatan pada anak leukemia limfoblastik akut terus dikembangkan. Saat ini, di Indonesia ada beberapa protokol yang lazim digunakan, yaitu protokol Nasional (Jakarta), protokol WK-LLA 2000, protokol LLA 2006, dan protokol LLA 2013. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui probabilitas kesintasan hidup tiga tahun pada anak leukemia limfoblastik akut antara protokol 2006 dan 2013. Studi ini menggunakan mix method, yaitu kohort retrospektif dan wawancara mendalam. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak LLA usia 1–15 tahun yang mendapatkan protokol 2006 dan 2013 di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dhramais”/RSKD, Jakarta, dari 2008–2016 sebanyak 68 anak dengan waktu penelitian dari April 2016 sampai Juni 2016. Data dianalisis dengan Cox Regression. Hasil studi menunjukkan probabilitas kesintasan tiga tahun terjadi remisi pada anak LLA berdasarkan protokol pengobatan 2006 sebesar 30% dan protokol pengobatan 2013 sebesar 27%. Peberdaan kesintasan tiga tahun terjadi remisi antara protokol pengobatan 2006 dan 2013 sebesar HR 1,57 (CI 90% 0,577–4,299). Namun, perbedaan antara kedua protokol ini tidak bermakna secara statistik dengan p-value 0,456. Hasil wawancara mendalam juga menunjukkan pada protokol 2006 dan 2013 secara prinsip sama, tetapi tetap ada beberapa perbedaan di antara keduanya, seperti jadwal pengobatan dan dosis secara kumulatif meningkat. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara prinsip kedua protokol ini sama dan tidak terdapat banyak perbedaan dalam hal input serta proses.
O conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme sobre seu autocuidado
Authors: Paiva Gabriella Silvestre , Morais Rita de Cássia Melão de , Martins Gisele , Nascimento Luciana de Cássia Nunes
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento que as crianças e adolescentes com Anemia Falciforme (AF) têm em relação ao autocuidado, analisar os conhecimentos referentes ao autocuidado das crianças e adolescentes com AF e discutir a importância dos profissionais de saúde na prática de autocuidado desse público. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no ambulatório de oncohematologia de um hospital público pediátrico no Distrito Federal, com participantes de 6 a 17 anos de idade, baseado na dinâmica de criatividade e sensibilidade Corpo Saber. A análise dos dados obtidos foi temática. Resultados: O estudo obteve 20 participantes ao todo. A partir das entrevistas foram detectadas três unidades temáticas. Discussão: O autocuidado é exigido a qualquer indivíduo à medida em que se torna capaz, porém para pessoas diagnosticadas com AF, as exigências tornam-se maiores, considerando que o risco de complicações da doença aumenta caso os devidos cuidados não sejam prestados. Conclusão: Desde a infância os indivíduos com AF devem ser orientados de maneira eficaz para conviver com sua condição, reduzindo os riscos relacionados. Os profissionais da saúde devem estar atentos e preparados para compreender as falhas no conhecimento de seus pacientes, e interferir com aconselhamento correto, gerando maior adesão ao autocuidado.
Prevalência de automedicação para COVID-19 entre adultos jovens durante a pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Wirowski Natália , Melo Cauane da Silva , Vieira Igor Soares , Moreira Fernanda Pedrotti
Published: May 2022

O objetivo do estudo é mensurar a prevalência da automedicação para COVID-19 e fatores associados entre adultos jovens durante a pandemia no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo adultos jovens entre a faixa etária de 18 e 35 anos, que residem no Brasil durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19, conduzido através de questionários online, disponibilizados pelas redes sociais. Os resultados demonstram que a automedicação para COVID-19 foi feita por 32,7% dos participantes, tendo maior frequência no sexo feminino (50,9%), pessoas entre 27-35 anos (44,7%) e solteiras (57,0%). O medicamento mais usado para automedicação foi o paracetamol (55,3%). Os participantes relataram que o sintoma que mais levou à automedicação foi a dor de cabeça (62,5%), o maior motivo para automedicação foi a prevenção de COVID-19 (36,8%), sendo a principal razão já ter o medicamento em casa (65,8%). A porcentagem de automedicação encontrada foi expressiva, aumentando a chance de reações adversas aos medicamentos. Portanto, condutas de educação em saúde e uso racional de medicamentos são medidas relevantes.
A műtét utáni fájdalomcsillapítás minőségének felmérési lehetőségei: többdimenziós eszközök
Authors: Lovasi Orsolya , Gaál Péter , Léber Andrea , Lám Judit
Published: May 2022

A nem megfelelően kezelt műtét utáni fájdalom számos káros következménnyel járhat. Eredményes és hatékony csillapításához el­engedhetetlen a megbízható mérőeszközökkel végzett rendszeres fájdalomfelmérés. A fo­­lyóirat ez év februári számában megjelent közleményünkben az egydimenziós fájdalomfelmérő skálák főbb tulajdonságait mu­tattuk be. Megállapítottuk ezek legnagyobb hátrányát, ugyanis csak a fájdalom intenzitását mérik, ami nem feltétlenül ad elegendő és megbízható támpontot a terápiás döntésekhez. Jelen tanulmány fő célja a műtét utáni fájdalom felmérésére alkalmas több­dimenziós mérőeszközök, illetve azok főbb összetevőinek, alkalmazási körének bemutatása a releváns szakirodalmi közlemények áttekintése alapján. A PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) technika segítségével végzett szisztematikus irodalomkutatás során 396 elérhető és értékelhető cikket találtunk. Ezek közül a legfontosabb 41 angol és 4 magyar nyelvű írás eredményeit összegezzük. A többdimenziós fájdalomfelmérő eszközök kö­zül részletesen tárgyaljuk az Amerikai Fáj­dalomtársaság betegkimeneti kérdőívének (APS-POQ-R), a svéd Stratégiai és Kli­nikai Minőségi Indikátorok a Poszt­ope­ratív Fájdalom Menedzsmentben (SCQIPP) kérdőívének és a német Posztoperatív Fáj­dalommenedzsment Fejlesztési Projekt (QUIPS) betegkimeneti kérdőívének jellemzőit. Az egydimenziós skálákkal szemben a többdimenziós mérőeszközök a fájdalom intenzitása mellett értékelik annak egyéb, pszichoszociális aspektusait is. Így lényegesen pontosabb képet adnak a fájdalom természetéről, ugyanakkor alkalmazásuk több időt és körültekintést igényel, és nem minden betegcsoport esetében használhatók. Ennek megfelelően az egydimenziós skálák inkább a klinikai gyakorlat támogatására alkalmasak olyan esetekben, amelyekben a többdimenziós eszközök használata nem lehetséges. Minőségfejlesztési és kutatási célra elsősorban a többdimenziós mérőeszközök alkalmazhatók.
Computational Modeling of Gluteus Medius Muscle Moment Arm in Caviomorph Rodents Reveals Ecomorphological Specializations
Authors: Löffler Lukas , Wölfer Jan , Gavrilei Flavia , Nyakatura John A.
Published: May 2022

Vertebrate musculoskeletal locomotion is realized through lever-arm systems. The instantaneous muscle moment arm (IMMA), which is expected to be under selective pressure and thus of interest for ecomorphological studies, is a key aspect of these systems. The IMMA changes with joint motion. It’s length change is technically difficult to acquire and has not been compared in a larger phylogenetic ecomorphological framework, yet. Usually, proxies such as osteological in-levers are used instead. We used 18 species of the ecologically diverse clade of caviomorph rodents to test whether its diversity is reflected in the IMMA of the hip extensor M. gluteus medius. A large IMMA is beneficial for torque generation; a small IMMA facilitates fast joint excursion. We expected large IMMAs in scansorial species, small IMMAs in fossorial species, and somewhat intermediate IMMAs in cursorial species, depending on the relative importance of acceleration and joint angular velocity. We modeled the IMMA over the entire range of possible hip extensions and applied macroevolutionary model comparison to selected joint poses. We also obtained the osteological in-lever of the M. gluteus medius to compare it to the IMMA. At little hip extension, the IMMA was largest on average in scansorial species, while the other two lifestyles were similar. We interpret this as an emphasized need for increased hip joint torque when climbing on inclines, especially in a crouched posture. Cursorial species might benefit from fast joint excursion, but their similarity with the fossorial species is difficult to interpret and could hint at ecological similarities. At larger extension angles, cursorial species displayed the second-largest IMMAs after scansorial species. The larger IMMA optimum results in powerful hip extension which coincides with forward acceleration at late stance beneficial for climbing, jumping, and escaping predators. This might be less relevant for a fossorial lifestyle. The results of the in-lever only matched the IMMA results of larger hip extension angles, suggesting that the modeling of the IMMA provides more nuanced insights into adaptations of musculoskeletal lever-arm systems than this osteological proxy.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery In Silico Study for Brain Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lambride Chryso , Vavourakis Vasileios , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos
Published: May 2022

Brain cancer therapy remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an innovative and promising local drug delivery method for the treatment of brain cancer, overcoming the challenges of the systemic delivery of drugs to the brain. To improve our understanding about CED efficacy and drug transport, we present an in silico methodology for brain cancer CED treatment simulation. To achieve this, a three-dimensional finite element formulation is utilized which employs a brain model representation from clinical imaging data and is used to predict the drug deposition in CED regimes. The model encompasses biofluid dynamics and the transport of drugs in the brain parenchyma. Drug distribution is studied under various patho-physiological conditions of the tumor, in terms of tumor vessel wall pore size and tumor tissue hydraulic conductivity as well as for drugs of various sizes, spanning from small molecules to nanoparticles. Through a parametric study, our contribution reports the impact of the size of the vascular wall pores and that of the therapeutic agent on drug distribution during and after CED. The in silico findings provide useful insights of the spatio-temporal distribution and average drug concentration in the tumor towards an effective treatment of brain cancer.
4D Printing Applications in the Development of Smart Cardiovascular Implants
Authors: Kabirian Fatemeh , Mela Petra , Heying Ruth
Published: May 2022

Smart materials are able to react to different stimuli and adapt their shape to the environment. Although the development of 3D printing technology increased the reproducibility and accuracy of scaffold fabrication, 3D printed scaffolds can still be further improved to resemble the native anatomy. 4D printing is an innovative fabrication approach combining 3D printing and smart materials, also known as stimuli-responsive materials. Especially for cardiovascular implants, 4D printing can promisingly create programmable, adaptable prostheses, which facilitates implantation and/or create the topology of the target tissue post implantation. In this review, the principles of 4D printing with a focus on the applied stimuli are explained and the underlying 3D printing technologies are presented. Then, according to the type of stimulus, recent applications of 4D printing in constructing smart cardiovascular implants and future perspectives are discussed.
Signaling Downstream of Focal Adhesions Regulates Stiffness-Dependent Differences in the TGF-β1-Mediated Myofibroblast Differentiation of Corneal Keratocytes
Authors: Maruri Daniel P. , Iyer Krithika S. , Schmidtke David W. , Petroll W. Matthew , Varner Victor D.
Published: May 2022

Following injury and refractive surgery, corneal wound healing can initiate a protracted fibrotic response that interferes with ocular function. This fibrosis is related, in part, to the myofibroblast differentiation of corneal keratocytes in response to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Previous studies have shown that changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can regulate this process, but the mechanotransductive pathways that govern stiffness-dependent changes in keratocyte differentiation remain unclear. Here, we used a polyacrylamide (PA) gel system to investigate how mechanosensing via focal adhesions (FAs) regulates the stiffness-dependent myofibroblast differentiation of primary corneal keratocytes treated with TGF-β1. Soft (1 kPa) and stiff (10 kPa) PA substrata were fabricated on glass coverslips, plated with corneal keratocytes, and cultured in defined serum free media with or without exogenous TGF-β1. In some experiments, an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation was also added to the media. Cells were fixed and stained for F-actin, as well as markers for myofibroblast differentiation (α-SMA), actomyosin contractility phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC), focal adhesions (vinculin), or Smad activity (pSmad3). We also used traction force microscopy (TFM) to quantify cellular traction stresses. Treatment with TGF-β1 elicited stiffness-dependent differences in the number, size, and subcellular distribution of FAs, but not in the nuclear localization of pSmad3. On stiff substrata, cells exhibited large FAs distributed throughout the entire cell body, while on soft gels, the FAs were smaller, fewer in number, and localized primarily to the distal tips of thin cellular extensions. Larger and increased numbers of FAs correlated with elevated traction stresses, increased levels of α-SMA immunofluorescence, and more prominent and broadly distributed pMLC staining. Inhibition of FAK disrupted stiffness-dependent differences in keratocyte contractility, FA patterning, and myofibroblast differentiation in the presence of TGF-β1. Taken together, these data suggest that signaling downstream of FAs has important implications for the stiffness-dependent myofibroblast differentiation of corneal keratocytes.
Planning Conservation Strategies of Guiana Dolphin Related to Canal Flow and Habitat Changes in the Estuarine Lagunar Complex of Cananéia
Authors: Godoy Daniela Ferro de , Pavanato Heloise , Andriolo Artur
Published: May 2022

Anthropogenic activities have altered the structure and function of coastal and estuarine ecosystems, affecting the animals that occur in these areas. Predictive models are useful to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic characteristics over species distribution. In this study, we used generalized linear models to assess the influence Valo Grande canal, which allows fresh water to enter the Estuarine Lagunar Complex of Cananéia, has on the occurrence of Guiana dolphins. A population of this species resides in the study area, which comprises many coastal and marine protected areas. Abiotic data and information on species occurrence were gathered between January 2012 and November 2014, during three fieldworks per season, covering four sectors within the estuary. The predictions resulting from generalized linear models indicated that the discharge of fresh water, which decreases salinity in the estuary, has a negative influence on the populations of dolphins in all sectors but, mainly, on sector IV, the closest to Valo Grande Canal. Thus, it is clear that Guiana dolphins presented a heterogeneous distribution within the studied estuary, and the areas of higher concentration of individuals deserve greater attention during the elaboration of conservation strategies.
Tricuspid Annular Abnormalities in Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction—Insights From the Three-dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Rácz Gergely , Kormányos Árpád
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Prominent trabecular left ventricular (LV) meshwork and deep intertrabecular LV recesses are featuring LV non-compaction (LVNC). The aim of this study was to evaluate tricuspid annular (TA) morphological and functional abnormalities by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in patients with LVNC without right ventricular (RV) involvement.

Materials and Methods

This study consisted of 21 patients with isolated LVNC, from which 6 cases were excluded due to inferior image quality. The remaining patient group consisted of 15 subjects with a mean age of 52.1 ± 11.4 years (9 males). LVNC was defined according to the Jenni's criteria. Their results were compared to 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 52.4 ± 3.9 years, 14 males). Complete routine 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all the patients with isolated LVNC and healthy controls. End-systolic and end-diastolic TA dimensions were assessed on selected planes derived from full-volume 3D echocardiographic datasets during 3DSTE.

Results

Patients with isolated LVNC showed significantly dilated end-systolic and end-diastolic TA diameter and area, which were accompanied with preserved TA functional properties and associated with right atrial (RA) volumes. TA plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) showed mild correlations with TA fractional area change (TAFAC) and TA fractional shortening (TAFS). No correlations could be demonstrated between TAPSE and TA morphological features. Extent of LVNC did not correlate with any echocardiographic parameters.

Conclusion

TA is dilated with preserved sphincter-like function in patients with isolated LVNC. Longitudinal (TAPSE) and sphincter-like (TAFAC and TAFS) TA movements correlate with each other. TA dilation is associated with an increased RA volumes respecting cardiac cycle.
Ablation of Outflow Tract Arrhythmias in Patients With and Without Structural Heart Disease—A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Schleberger Ruben , Riess Jan , Brauer Anika , Pinnschmidt Hans O. , Rottner Laura , Moser Fabian , Moser Julia , Kany Shinwan , My Ilaria , Lemoine Marc D. , Reissmann Bruno , Meyer Christian , Metzner Andreas , Ouyang Feifan , Kirchhof Paulus , Rillig Andreas
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias emerging from the ventricular outflow tracts and adjacent structures is very effective and considered almost curative in patients without structural heart disease (SHD). Outcomes of patients with SHD undergoing ablation of outflow tract arrhythmias are not known.

Methods

Consecutive patients (2019–2021) undergoing catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in a single high-volume center were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with ablation of outflow tract arrhythmias were identified and divided in individuals with and without SHD. Procedural parameters and acute outcome were compared.

Results

We identified 215 patients with outflow tract arrhythmias (35.3% female, mean age 58.3 ± 16.0 years). Of those, 93 (43.3%) had SHD. Patients with SHD and outflow tract arrhythmias were older (65.0 ± 12.8 vs. 53.3 ± 16.3 years; p < 0.001), more often male (82.8 vs. 50.0%; p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities than patients without SHD (arterial hypertension: 62.4 vs. 34.4%, p < 0.001; diabetes: 22.6 vs. 8.2%, p = 0.005; chronic lung disease: 20.4 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.007). Outflow tract arrhythmias in patients with SHD had their origin more often in the left ventricle (68.8 vs. 53.3%, p = 0.025). The acute success rate was similar in both patient groups (93.4 vs. 94.2%, p = 0.781). Patients with SHD were discharged later {median length of hospital stay with SHD 5 [6 (interquartile range)] days, without SHD 2 [4] days, p < 0.001}. Periprocedural complications were numerically more frequent in patients with SHD [with SHD 12 (12.9%), without SHD 8 (6.6%), p = 0.154].

Conclusion

Outflow tract arrhythmia ablation has a high success rate irrespective of the presence of SHD. Longer hospital stay and potentially a higher risk of periprocedural complications should be considered when discussing this treatment option with patients.