bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Package FA Flow for Next-Gen Packaging Technology Using EOTPR, 3D X-Ray and Plasma FIB
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Pichumani Pradip Sairam , Alton Jesse , Igarashi Martin , Chan Lisa , Principe Ed
Published: December 2020

Within this paper, the authors present an adapted FA flow for state-of-the-art Package Failure Analysis for 20nm technology and below. As a key aspect, three methods (EOTPR, 3D Xray & PFIB) are introduced as the next-gen FA standard methods for emerging package technologies such as TSV, u-pillar bumping and stacked-die devices. By showing different types of daily Package FA requests, the paper compares & discusses important factors such as turn-around-time (TAT), success yield and results quality. In the end, an outlook is given how recent developments on these techniques will help to establish a new standard FA flow.
How to Achieve Artifact-Free FIB Milling on Polyimide Packages
Authors: Hrnčíř Tomáš , Šikula Marek , Oboňa Jozef Vincenc , Gounet Pascal
Published: December 2020

High speed FIB cross-sectioning of polyimide material was traditionally very difficult because of artifacts created by FIB on the cross section plane. Therefore we propose a simple method, which retains the high speed of the FIB process, but significantly improves the quality of the cross section plane. The method involves a hard mask positioned close to the intended place of the cross section using a precise manipulator. This then enables highly accurate and site-specific FIB cross-sectioning. Cross sections can be made very quickly and with the excellent quality in comparison to standard procedures based on gas-assisted deposition of a protection layer.
Charge-Induced Damage on SOI Wafers—A Case Study
Authors: Miller Mary A. , Udoni Darlene M.
Published: December 2020

This work outlines a case study of charge-induced damage to SOI wafers that caused gate leakage in discrete transistors and static leakage in packaged integrated circuits (ICs). The consequential yield fallout occurred primarily at wafer center. Electrical, optical, and laser-based failure analysis techniques were used to characterize the damage and determine root cause of electrical failure. The failure mechanism was localized to a rinse step during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Furthermore, both current-voltage (IV) sweeps and characteristic spatial patterns generated by thermally-induced voltage alteration (TIVA) were used to capture the trends on both packaged ICs and SOI wafers for this type of charge-induced damage; this led to quick identification of another source of charge-induced damage that affected the post-fab yield.
Ultra-Low Frequency Laser Voltage Imaging of Mixed-Signal Designs
Authors: Schmidutz Tobias , Hoyler Charlotte , Qian Zhongling , Brillert Christof , Burmer Christian
Published: December 2020

During the last years, laser reflectance modulation measurements (i.e. LVI, CW-SIP etc.) have become indispensable tools for the analysis of logic circuits at frequencies in the megahertz range. In this paper we present a method to extend the usefulness of these methods to mixedsignal circuits driven at ultra-low frequencies in the kilohertz range. We show that by toggling the main power supply, information of the electric behavior can be easily obtained from analog structures, removing the need for tester-based stimulation. This method proved especially useful for the debugging of chip startup failures. We demonstrate this with two case studies. In a first case, a defect in the analog part shut down the digital part of the chip. This prevented the use of debugging methods such as the read-out of error registers or the use of scan chains. Conventional methods like photon emission microscopy and thermal laser stimulation were also not successful at finding the problem. However, laser-voltage imaging (LVI) of the analog circuit at key locations while toggling the chip power supply in the kilohertz range led us to the failing net. In a second case on a different product, we similarly identified a failing capacitor in the error logic by modulating the chip enable pin in the kilohertz range.
Electrical Characterization and Failure Analysis Using Operando TEM
Authors: Pivak Yevheniy , Perez-Garza H.H. , Zintler Alexander , Molina-Luna Leopoldo
Published: December 2020

We present here the development of a system that allows for in-situ studies inside the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Functionalized Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) used as sample carriers, referred to as Nano-Chips, contain up to eight electrodes used for simultaneous biasing and heating purposes, enabling electro-thermal characterization of various sample types inside the TEM under real life dynamic conditions. This operando approach is an ideal method to study failure analysis of semiconductor materials, performance of resistive switching devices, batteries, fuel cells, piezoceramics and many more.
Automation to Enable Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for High Throughput Failure Analysis and Metrology
Authors: Roller Justin , Zhong Zhenxin , Strauss Michael , Bidiuk Oleksii , Blackwood Jeff , Verheijen Martin , Ugurlu Ozan , Donald Jason
Published: December 2020

Automated S/TEM (auto-S/TEM) and by extension automated energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (auto-EDS) enable the collection of large volumes of data that historically was not feasible on a sustained basis using manual S/TEM operation. Automation removes variabilities attributed to operator training and bias while enabling repeatable, precise, and consistent data. This paper examines general considerations for high volume and auto-EDS metrology. Maps are evaluated relative to analysis time and the requisite signal-to-noise (SNR) necessary for adequate measurement precision. Auto-EDS parameters (dwell time and mapping time) were investigated to maximize EDS net counts and SNR for throughput. A methodology was presented to monitor the SNR ratio of critical dimensions which can be extended to further understand the minimum value needed to maintain an acceptable measurement precision. It is important to further study other means of increasing the SNR, such as beam current, accelerating voltage, and larger solid-angle detectors.
New Insight into Interconnect Defect Analysis for DRAM
Authors: Kim Youngil , Jeon Hyungchae , Chung Jaeguen , Yoo Donggyun , Kim Seonmi , Nam Incheol , Baek Chijong , Koo Jahyun , Hwang Hongsun , Rhee Sangjae , Cho Kangyong , Jang Seongjin
Published: December 2020

As various types of DRAM package have been developed, new defects in interconnection in chip have been discovered after assembly process such as flip chip bump mount or wire bonding. There are lots of regular inspections in manufacturing process to detect assembly defects, but it is not easy to find all of the defects. We used a method to classify physical failures based on electrical measurements. Conventional open and short tests by using ISVM were used to support the mass production. External voltage sweep is employed to distinguish weak defects from strong defects of interconnection. Finally, a proposed method was verified with statistical analysis of 800,000 FBGA DRAM chips and physical analysis of failure chips.
Latest Advancements in Nanoscale IR Spectroscopy for Characterization and Failure Analysis of Electronic Devices
Authors: Roy Anirban , Hu Qichi , Cook Debra , Dillon Eoghan , Kjoller Kevin
Published: December 2020

Atomic force microscopy infrared (AFM-IR) technology combines the best of both worlds of AFM and IR spectro-microscopy offering high spatial resolution chemical characterization. Recent developments in the AFM-IR technique, such as tapping AFM-IR pushes the spatial resolution limit below 10 nm, making it ideal for chemically characterizing directed self assembly (DSA) components and defects for failure analysis. This paper demonstrates the chemical characterization of DSA nanopatterns using tapping AFM-IR technology with spatial resolution beyond 10 nm. Tapping AFM-IR experiments is performed on different block copolymers routinely used to fabricate directed self-assemblies on Si wafers. Along with chemical mapping, mechanical properties, such as relative stiffness and damping yielding complete chemical and mechanical property information in nanoscale to achieve material contrast, can be simultaneously probed.
Scan Chain Fault Isolation using Single Event Upsets Induced by a Picosecond 1064nm Laser
Authors: Serrels Keith A. , Dickson Kris , Bodoh Dan , Erington Kent , Weerakoon Anusha , Foot Eric
Published: December 2020

We present the first experimental demonstration of stuck-at scan chain fault isolation through the exploitation of Single Event Upsets (SEU) in a Laser-Induced Fault Analysis (LIFA) system. By observing a pass/fail flag, we can spatially map all flops after a defect in a failing scan chain through induced SEU sites produced by a fiber-amplified 25 ps 1064 nm diode laser. In addition, a custom fault isolation methodology is presented in which the result highlights only the first working flop immediately after the defect mechanism causing the stuck-at chain failure. This work demonstrates a novel method for rapid scan chain fault isolation that significantly improves localization efficacy over conventional best-known methods (BKM) based on frequency mapping. Moreover, experimental results are presented to demonstrate that LIFA can be extended to interrogate the data state of flip flops in a scan chain. Results are also presented to establish that LIFA can be configured as a hardware-based diagnostics platform.
Integration of Probing Capability into Plasma FIB for In-Situ Delayering, Defect Inspection, and EBAC on BEOL Defects of Sub-20nm FinFET Devices
Authors: Zudhistira D. , Wei M.S. , Narang V. , Chin J.M. , Šikula Sharang, M. , Novotný K. , Goupil G. , Oboňa J. Vincenc , Rummel A. , Kemmler M. , Kleindiek S.
Published: December 2020

Deprocessing and probing are two quintessential steps in the physical failure analysis (PFA) and competitive analysis of integrated circuits (ICs). Typically, these steps are accomplished using multiple tools, which include polishers, electron microscopes, and probers. To combat the aggressive back-end-of-line (BEOL) scaling which has significantly decreased the controllability of manual polishing, gas-assisted Xe plasma FIB has been employed to achieve large area uniform delayering. Combined with an in-situ probing capability within the plasma FIB, the iterative process of juggling between tools is streamlined into a seamless process. In this paper, the successful integration of Prober Shuttle and plasma FIB to isolate and visualize real defects on sub-20 nm microprocessor chips are presented.
Improved Burn-In Stress Methodology for Stress Uniformity
Authors: Ko Jungsuk , yang Hoonchang , Jeon Hyungchae , Nam Gyuyoung , Ryu Youngseok , Park Changyu , Hwang Hongsun , Oh Taeyoung , Kim Jonghoon , Jang Seongjin
Published: December 2020

The necessity of hot temperature stress is widely recognized as the initial stress methodology to maintain the stability of products from infant defects in device [1, 2]. However, hot temperature stress has a disadvantage in terms of stress uniformity because temperature variation according to stress environment such as chamber, board, and tester accelerates different stress effects per chips. In addition, this stress condition can cause serious reliability problem in the mass production environments. Therefore, the stress temperature should be lowered to minimize the temperature deviation due to the production environments. The reduction of stress temperature cause the lack of stress amount, so optimized stress voltage and time to maintain the stress condition is required. In this study, various stress voltage and time with decreasing temperature were evaluated in consideration of lifetime that unit elements such transistors and capacitors did not degrade by any stress conditions. In addition, it was confirmed that stress uniformity can be improved in the stress condition obtained by the evaluation. Furthermore, the enhanced initial failure screen ability was proven with mass evaluations.
Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits Decapsulation Technique Using Mixed Acid Chemistry For Die-Level Failure Analysis
Authors: Consigo Harold Jeffrey M. , Calanog Ricardo S. , Caseria Melissa O.
Published: December 2020

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) integrated circuits have become popular these days with superior speed/power products that permit the development of systems that otherwise would have made it impossible or impractical to construct using silicon semiconductors. However, failure analysis remains to be very challenging as GaAs material is easily dissolved when it is reacted with fuming nitric acid used during standard decapsulation process. By utilizing enhanced chemical decapsulation technique with mixture of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a low temperature backed with statistical analysis, successful plastic package decapsulation happens to be reproducible mainly for die level failure analysis purposes. The paper aims to develop a chemical decapsulation process with optimum parameters needed to successfully decapsulate plastic molded GaAs integrated circuits for die level failure analysis.
Infrared Lock-In Thermography: From Localization of Low Power and Masked Defects to Absolute Temperature Mapping for Product Debug
Authors: Jalink J. , Firiti A. , van den Biggelaar J. , Reverdy A. , Lai B.
Published: December 2020

The application of IR-Lock-In Thermography (IRLIT) has been extended from 2D and 3D package fault isolation to on-die level analysis. In addition, the technique has become more sensitive allowing for detection of much lower dissipated power. In this paper, several fault localization cases covering PCB assemblies down to die level analysis are discussed using IR-LIT and absolute temperature mapping. Where possible, the analysis is complemented with physical defect verification. The fault isolation cases include an ultra-low power dissipation (<150 nW) and several case studies with high ohmic connections. For the latter a new method based on phase mapping is discussed allowing for 2D localization of thermally invisible defects. The method will be demonstrated on a test vehicle where phase data extracted from a visible feature of the device under test is studied. After this, a case study at die level is presented in an attempt to distinguish the phase information from two stacked M2-M3 metallization layers of the Back-End Of the Line (BEOL). Finally, temperature mapping results of a 5 micron wide aluminum feature in silicon-oxide is presented that is pushing the optical resolution of the tool.
Artefacts of SEM/TEM Observations Cases on Seal Ring Structure and Correctives Samples Preparations to Avoid Them
Authors: Charles Christophe , Margain Alain
Published: December 2020

FIB/SEM and TEM are standard characterization techniques for evaluation of process modification of microelectronics samples. In this paper, artefacts from these techniques are studied. The sample preparation methods are optimized to avoid damages. Seal-ring structures are chosen as an example in this study to show artefacts and difficulties in SEM and TEM observations. Two cases of artefacts are considered: one with TEM sample preparation followed by TEM imaging, and the other one with SEM observations after FIB cross-sectioning. In the first case, electronic chips that failed during stress tests are investigated, while in the second case a part has been dismissed during robustness qualification test. In the former, thickness of TEM lamellae has been evidenced as a key factor for delamination between layers under beam, whereas in the latter, it was observed that the electron beam lead to a shrink of oxide layers, which induced the break of underlying contacts.
Isolating an Open in 2.5D µBump & Chip Bump Chains using SDR, EBAC and Capacitive Measurements
Authors: Distelhurst Kevin , Hunt Doug , Bader Dan
Published: December 2020

The limitations of Moore’s Law have led to alternatives in semiconductor packages that provide more functionality. Stacking multiple chips in 2.5D and 3D configurations has become a common solution. During the development of these technologies, test chains of chip to chip micro bumps and thru silicon via’s (TSV’s) at various regions within the stack are often employed. These present new challenges to the already difficult process of localizing open and resistive chain fails deep within the stack for root-cause analysis. A combination of quick and effective fault isolation techniques is often required to reliably isolate an open in a time critical situation. Capacitive measurements is a useful technique in some cases for obtaining a quick general location of an open. Magnetic Field Imaging (MFI), specifically Space Domain Reflectometry (SDR), is a non-destructive technique that can provide a relatively accurate location of an open. Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) is another useful technique in confirming and further isolating the open as the region of interest of the sample is approached via cross-sectioning or planar deprocessing. Case studies using these three techniques are presented and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The case studies focus on ìbump and chip bump chains in 2.5D samples.
2D carrier Density Mapping Using SNDM-dC/dV and dC/dz of SiC Power MOSFET
Authors: Yu Jing-jiang , Yamaoka T. , Aiso T. , Watanabe K. , Shikakura Y. , Kudo S. , Tamura K. , Mizuguchi K.
Published: December 2020

Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy is continuously developed as an AFM-derived method for 2D dopant profiling of semiconductor devices. In this paper, the authors apply 2D carrier density mapping to Si and SiC and succeed a high resolution observation of the SiC planar power MOSFET. Furthermore, they develop software that combines dC/dV and dC/dz images and expresses both density and polarity in a single distribution image. The discussion provides the details of AFM experiments that were conducted using a Hitachi environmental control AFM5300E system. The results indicated that the carrier density decreases in the boundary region between n plus source and p body. The authors conclude that although the resolutions of dC/dV and dC/dz are estimated to be 20 nm or less and 30 nm or less, respectively, there is a possibility that the resolution can be further improved by using a sharpened probe.
A percepção do impacto social na mineração: uma visão comparada entre empresa e comunidade
Authors:   , Gerotto Maria Gisela
Published: December 2020

The increase in social and environmental damage and conflicts surrounding mining has stimulated the growth of research focused on Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in this sector. Based on a constructivist paradigm, AIS proposes participatory methodologies in order to broaden the community of evaluators, favoring the inclusion of more vulnerable and affected populations, thus differing from traditional evaluation models based exclusively on the technical-scientific approach. The understanding of impacts as a social construction, including the way in which individuals or the community feel the effects of the project expands the explanation of the phenomenon. This research aims to identify and compare the perception of the social impacts of a mineral enterprise in the vision of the company and the local communities. The methodological approach included conducting AIS interviews and workshops with representatives of the mining company and communities. The results show that, while the company focuses on the immediate impacts, which are confused with the vision of risks for the business, the communities also look at the subjective and cultural impacts associated with the change processes. Ignoring impacts such as loss of tradition, the feeling of collectivity and the consequences of gender imbalance with the arrival of many men in a short period of time weaken compensatory strategies like the social projects implemented, as they do not act on the structural reasons that cause conflicts. The research also points out that in a context of high vulnerability, with socioeconomic inequality, institutional fragility and high dependence on the mineral company, communities end up only with the burden of mining
Знахідка монет XVIII століття з Литвинівки Вишгородського району на Київщївщині
Authors: Potyl’chak Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

Аналізується комплекс монет XVII ст., знайдених автором навесні 1989 р. поблизу с. Литвинівки Вишгородського району Київської області. Описано обставини виявлення та географічну локалізацію знахідки. Зроблено спробу класифікувати та атрибутувати монети, типологізувати й датувати нумізматичну пам’ятку, що складається з 21 монети Речі Посполитої, Баварії та Прибалтійських володінь Швеції, які за монетною регалією поділяються на три групи. Група А – два білонних соліди та подвійний денарій карбування Сигізмунда ІІІ (1587-1632); два мідних соліди (“боратинки”) Яна ІІ Казимира (1648-1668). Група В – 2 крейцери (“напівбатцен”) Герцогства Баварія, білон, карбування Максиміліана І (1598-1651). Група С – 15 білонних солідів Прибалтійських володінь Швеції карбування Христини Августи (1632-1654), Карла Х Густава (1654-1660) та Карла ХІ (1660-1697). Характерну для грошового обігу українських земель другої половини XVII ст. підгрупу монет знахідки становлять 6 ризьких солідів із монограмами королеви Христини Августи та Карла Х Густава, що мають явні ознаки належності до сучавських імітацій. Порівняно невелика кількість монет знахідки, їх дрібні номінали, належність до одного періоду грошового обігу, а також приблизно однаковий ступінь зношеності вірогідно свідчать, що виявлена нумізматична пам’ятка не належить до категорії монетних скарбів, а є загубленим або прихованим, а пізніше втраченим гаманцем, що належав небагатому власнику, найімовірніше селянину. Всі обставини вказують на те, що ці гроші було відкладено господарем не для тривалого зберігання, а для здійснення поточних дрібних купівель. Найбільш пізньою за датою карбування монетою у складі виявленої нумізматичної знахідки є білонний солід Лівонського герцогства із монограмою Карла ХІ зі значними слідами зношення. Введені до наукового обігу дані про карбування солідів цього шведського короля на державному монетному дворі в Ризі дозволяють стверджувати, що монета цього номіналу з монограмою Карла ХІ могла потрапити у “гаманець” із Литвинівки не раніше початку 70-х рр. XVII ст. Виявлені монети складають єдиний нумізматичний комплекс та є типовими для грошового обігу Правобережної Київщини другої половиниXVII ст.
Фальшивомонетництво в Україні в роки Першої світової війни
Authors: Orlyk Svitlana , Boiko-Gagarin Andrii
Published: December 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемам фальшивомонетництва в Україні в роки Першої світової війни. До наукового обігу вводяться раніше неопубліковані джерела, що дозволяють відкрити нову сторінку в історії грошового обігу. Як відомо, зразками для підробки частіше стають найбільш популярні серед населення гроші. Такими грошима в роки Першої світової війни стають золоті та срібні монети, кредитні білети, випущені під час війни за довоєнним зразком (відрізняючись підписом касира на банкноті), розмінні марки та казначейські знаки, різноманітні грошові сурогати. Всі зазначені види грошей були відтворені фальшивомонетниками в зазначеному періоді. Аналізуючи архівні джерела, нам вдалося встановити факти вчинення спроб економічної диверсії з боку Австро-Угорщини та Німеччини стосовно Російської імперії шляхом виготовлення якісних підробок російських кредитних білетів та їхній збут на окупованих російськими військами територіях Західної України. Прослідкувавши повідомлення на сторінках газет зазначеного періоду, нам вдалося вивчити та описати діяльність підпільних угрупувань фальшивимонетників, що виготовляли розмінні марки в Києві та Одесі. Показано, що для фальсифікаторів інтерес складали не лише грошові знаки, а й інші ліквідні активи: цінні папери, гербові марки на сплату податку, відрізні купони отримання прибутку по облігаціях, а також підроблені паспорти, мобілізаційні свідоцтва, документи для виїзду за кордон та ін. Внаслідок розвалу Російської імперії та серйозних політичних перетворень кардинально змінюється структура грошового обігу в Україні, а відповідно – й фальшивомонетництво набирає зовсім іншиого характеру, що є темою окремого глибокого дослідження.
İGOR STRAVİNSKİ’NİN ÜÇ BALE YAPITINDA MÜZİKSEL TASVİR: ATEŞKUŞU, PETRUŞKA VE BAHAR AYİNİ
Authors: SAKARYA Uğur Cihat
Published: December 2020

İgor Stravinski’nin, Sergei Diaghilev’in Bale Rus topluluğu için bestelediği ilk üç bale eserinde Rus kültürü temel ilham kaynağıdır. Ateşkuşu (1910), Petruşka (1911) ve Bahar Ayini (1913) şeklinde sıralanan bu eserlerde besteci aynı zamanda ritmik, armonik ve tınısal buluşlarıyla yenilikçi tekniklerin örneklerini sunmuştur. Bu eserlerin konusu ses dizilerinin ve melodik materyalin seçiminden ritmik ve tınısal işleyişe kadar müziği şekillendirmiştir. Kahramanların insan veya mitolojik bir varlık oluşu, olayların doğaüstü veya gündelik oluşu, sahnelerin tasvir ettiği olayların gizemi; iyi-kötü, güvensiz-güvenli gibi birçok değişken söz konusu yapıların işleneceği müziksel referansları belirlemektedir. Bu yaklaşım eserlerin yaratım sürecini belirleyen esas etkendir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Stravinski’nin Ateşkuşu, Petruşka ve Bahar Ayini’nde kullandığı müziksel tasvirin özelliklerini tespit etmektir. Nitel bir yöntem izlenerek literatür taranmış; bestecinin uygulamaları hakkında ipucu verebilecek mektupları ve anıları incelenmiştir. Müziksel referansları tespit etmek için eski Rus halk şarkısı antolojileri taranmış ve bunların karşılıkları üç bale eserinin partisyonlarında aranmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda halk müziği materyalinin, halk kahramanlarını veya fanileri tasvir etmede kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bestecinin bunun için halk şarkılarından alıntılar yaptığı veya kendi üretimi olan modal ezgileri kullandığı görülmüştür. Sihirli, ölümsüz ve korkunç kahraman ve olayların tasvirinde ise simetrik dizilerin (oktatonik ve tam-ton) ve tritonal olanakların kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
RENEILWE Community Engagement Programme: A Transformative Township Developmental Plan
Authors: Maseko P.B. Neo , Costa King
Published: December 2020

Township communities in the democratic South Africa are still grappling with the injustices of the pre-democratic era, resulting in social fragmentation and weakened social networks and engagement platforms. Successful social investment programmes need to be hinged upon robust and sustainable community engagement fora that enhances participation, opinion sharing, concept/project ownership, more perspectives and participant value-affirmations and contribution-recognition. RENEILWE Community Engagement model, a multi-layered, interdisciplinary and comprehensive socio-cultural and economic growth strategy, is aimed at engaging communities through the implementation of varied engagement and participatory methods. Community engagement is technically a term also known as citizen/civic engagement or collective interaction that uses various approaches to include people in matters of public concern for social change. Participatory and transformative approaches with the goal of increasing awareness and empowering communities to take charge of their transformation are the primary means of expected inclusion in the RENEILWE community interaction programme.
Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Terhadap Lalu Lintas Barang Elektronik Oleh Bea Dan Cukai Di Pelabuhan Bebas Kota Batam
Authors: Iman Anggun Nurul , Helmi Helmi , Syahbadir Mahdi
Published: December 2020

Penetapan Kota Batam sebagai kawasan perdagangan bebas dan pelabuhan bebas sangat strategis untuk masuknya barang elektronik dimana Batam terletak di jalur pelayaran internasional Selat Malaka dan Selat Singapura, sehingga mendorong dilaksanakannya pengawasan lalu lintas barang yang dilakukan oleh bea cukai Batam untuk mencegah terjadinya penyelundupan barang dari luar sebagai bentuk tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Hal ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Bea Dan Cukai Nomor P-53/BC/2010 Tentang Tatalaksana Pengawasan. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terjadi penyelundupan barang elektronik di Batam dan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh bea cukai Batam masih belum berjalan dengan efektif dan masih adanya celah bagi penyelundup untuk melakukan penyelundupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Lalu Lintas Barang Elektronik oleh Bea cukai di pelabuhan bebas kota Batam serta hambatan yang dihadapi bea cukai dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan lalu lintas barang elektronik. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori pengawasan dan teori kelembagaan. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian diperoleh dengan Teknik observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Lalu Lintas Barang Elektronik oleh Bea cukai Batam berjalan kurang efektif. Hal ini disebabkan pertama, masih adanya tindak penyelundupan yang terjadi di batam disebabkan oleh kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan sarana operasi pendukung saat melakukan pengawasan. Selain itu,masih banyaknya penyebaran pelabuhan ilegal di Kota batam juga menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan yang dilakukan sehingga sulit ditentukan pemusatan pengawasan yang strategis. Kedua, terjadinya penyerangan terhadap kapal patroli bea cukai Batam juga menjadi salah satu hal yang menghambat efektifnya pelaksanaan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh bea cukai Batam. oleh sebab itu, diharapkan kepada bea cukai Batam dan pemerintah Batam untuk lebih memberikan perhatian dan perbaikan terhadap hambatan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan lalu lintas barang elektronik ini.Kata Kunci : Pengawasan, Barang Elektronik, Bea Cukai Batam
Jenis Serangga Hama Pada Tanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) di Desa Salumpaga Kecamatan Tolitoli Utara Kabupaten Tolitoli
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Trianto Manap , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: December 2020

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are native to Indonesia which have high social and economic value, however cloves also have different types of pests. The latest information on insect pests in cloves is still very limited. This study aims to describe the types of insect pests found in clove (Syzygium aromaticum). This type of research is a descriptive exploratory research. Pest insect samples were taken at 3 observation locations, namely at a slope of 0%, a slope of <15% and a slope of> 15% and identification of the pests found. The results showed that at a 0% slope, the insect pests found were Coptotermes gestroi and Coptocercus biguttatus. At a slope of <15%, the insect pests found were Coptotermes gestroi, Hexamitodera semivelutina and Coptocercus biguttatus. Whereas at a slope of> 15%, the insect pests found were Coptotermes gestroi, Hexamitodera semivelutina, Coptocercus biguttatus and Nothopeus sp.
Protocolo de consulta prévia do povo Warao em Belém
Authors: Alencar Joelma Cristina Parente Monteiro , Lima Marcos Vinicius da Costa , López José Albarrán
Published: December 2020

Este protocolo de consulta prévia é resultado de três reuniões ocorridas no ano de 2018, no Centro Cultural Tancredo Neves (CENTUR). Nessas ocasiões centenas de indígenas Warao puderam ser ouvidos por Instituições de Estado ligadas à justiça, segurança pública, assistência social, educação, além de entidades da sociedade civil organizada. E nesse protocolo, escrito na língua warao, espanhol e português, podemos conhecer um pouco mais desse povo que vemos marginalizado pelas nossas ruas, saber dos seus anseios e ouvir as suas vozes: “queremos aprender, conhecer, ser melhores, sem perder nossa identidade, queremos um futuro melhor. Seguir em frente (Kuarika Naruki!) É o nosso direito! Assim como foi para os nossos ancestrais.”
Do Terreiro à Escola: diversidade religiosa na Ilha de Mosqueiro em Belém do Pará
Authors: Amoras Luciana Martins
Published: December 2020

Em “Do Terreiro à Escola: diversidade religiosa na Ilha de Mosqueiro em Belém do Pará”, Luciana Martins Amoras e Denise Simões Rodrigues trazem à cena educacional o terreiro de umbanda com seus caminhos de “contas” e “miçangas”. Esse livro que joga luzes sobre as questões afro-religiosas na educação nos traz um movimento vivo de resistência negra afro-religiosa, enriquecido por memórias e vivências de enfrentamentos de mulheres e estudantes umbandistas face à violência imposta cotidianamente às religiões de matriz africana no meio social e escolar.
Iterative Algorithm Offset and Angle Rotation Estimation with Additive and Multiplicative Noise for Space-Time Superposition of Television Signals
Authors: Diyazitdinov R. , Vasin N.
Published: December 2020

The estimation of displacements, rotation angle and other deformation of images is an urgent problem in the intelligence video recording system. One of the main tasks in assessing image deformations is to increase the speed of data processing. Significant amounts of information contained in a television signal limit the possibilities of using brute force methods, which are a universal solution for estimating unknown parameters. The paper considers the problem of estimating the displacement and angle of rotation under the influence of additive and multiplicative interference for the spatial-temporal alignment of television signals. Reducing the processing time is carried out through the use of an iterative procedure for estimating parameters by successive approximation with separate estimation of the angle of rotation and displacement.
RECYCLED BRICK SOUNDPROOF TEST AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
Authors: Latupeirissa Hendrico Firzandy , Putra Gierlang Bhakti , Prastomo Niki
Published: December 2020

Brick debris that makes up the majority of construction waste has not received proper waste disposal in Indonesia. On the other hand, brick debris could be potentially reused as non-structural building materials to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of soundproofing on recycled brick debris. The soundproof test was carried out on brick debris in the form of fine and coarse grains. The simulation box is then used as a support for the brickwork material and then the box is exposed to a sound source with a certain level of noise that is considered disturbing human comfort. Noise level measurements are made in the outside and inside the box. These measurements are tabulated and then analyzed to see the success of the two aggregates in reducing noise. Basically, the brickwork material has succeeded in becoming a recycled building material that can absorb noise, although further research must be carried out to be able to state that this material is truly ready to be used as an alternative building material with good acoustic capabilities.
Peran Narasi Pada Film “Dua Garis Biru” Dalam Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Seksualitas
Authors: Rahmiaty Siti Adlina , Piliang Yasraf Amir
Published: December 2020

Sebuah film mempunya fungsi sebagai media edukasi dan pengajaran tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas. Di Indonesia, kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas masih dianggap tabu. Salah satu solusi untuk membangun kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas melalui film. Tentunya pembuatan narasi dalam film sebagai media pembelajaran haruslah dibuat dengan tepat agar bisa diterima oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, peneliti memilih film “Dua Garis Biru” sebagai objek penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah ingin mengetahui bagaimana peran narasi dalam film “Dua Garis Biru” dapat ditelaah melalui unsur narasi. Serta interpretasi sekelompok remaja pada peran narasi dalam film “Dua Garis Biru” terkait kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi virtual dan teori studi film. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beragamnya interpretasi responden remaja pada narasi dari tiap sekuens dalam film “Dua Garis Biru” yang ada kaitannya dengan kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas.
Nachhaltigkeit statt Marktgläubigkeit. Lehren für die Politik aus der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Loske Reinhard
Published: December 2020

Die gegenwärtige COVID-19-Pandemie ist neben dem unmittelbaren menschlichen Leid, das sie erzeugt, eine schmerzhafte Offenlegung von nicht-nachhaltigen und nicht-resilienten Strukturen und eine Sichtbarmachung von weltumspannender Verletzbarkeit menschlicher Gesellschaften.
Parteienlandschaft in Zeiten von Corona. Ein Ausblick auf die Bundestagswahl 2021
Authors: Decker Frank
Published: December 2020

Mit dem ankündigten Rückzug von Angela Merkel als Bundeskanzlerin und der Coronakrise haben sich wesentliche Parameter des Parteiensystems ein Jahr vor der Bundestagswahl verschoben. In dem Beitrag wird analysiert, wie sich die für den Wahlausgang entscheidenden Faktoren – Kandidaten, Themenagenda und Koalitionsbeziehungen – im Superwahljahr 2021 entwickeln könnten.
Umweltpolitisches Lernen in der Schule – eine unwichtige Nebensache?
Authors: Hippe Thorsten
Published: December 2020

Der Artikel stellt Ergebnisse einer Curriculumanalyse zu der Frage vor, inwieweit das für die Menschheit höchst existenzielle Thema Umweltpolitik in den verbindlichen Kompetenzen sozialwissenschaftlicher Lehrpläne quantitativ ausreichend abgedeckt ist und fachlich angemessen behandelt wird.
Theoretical and applied aspects of creating a unified information accounting system of pharmaceutical and medical products in Ukraine
Authors: Revyatskyy I. Yu. , Boiko A. I.
Published: December 2020

In modern conditions of reforming the Ukrainian Health Care system based on the introduction of innovative digital information technologies, the development of a methodology for the computerization of pharmaceutical information exchange processes is relevant.

The purpose of our study was to develop a methodology for creating a unified accounting system (UAS) of information on pharmaceutical and medical products (Ph&MP) in Ukraine (taking into account the current standards of computer systems for structuring and fixing information, as well as in accordance with international standards for automated identification of information about Ph&MP.

The objects of the research were: scientific and specialized publications devoted to the issue of the implementation of a system of accounting and tracking of medical and health care in the EU, USA, Canada;pharmaceutical information with tracking and recording the established information flows in computer databases.The main research is based on the methodology of pharmaceutical informatics: creation of pharmaceutical computer databases, coding of pharmaceutical products. The method of system analysis processed publications on the types of Ph&MP encodings in the EU, USA, Canada.

In the scientific work, the international standards for the sale of information in two-dimensional shaded codes of the DataMatrixECC 200 standard are highlighted, which is one of the information blocks on the basis of which the development of the UAS Ph&MP database structure should be based.The structure and interconnection of information blocks for the accounting of Ph&MP units using GTIN and serial numbers in the database of structural units of business entities of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine have been developed.

A systematic analysis of the types of Ph&MP encodings in the EU countries, the USA, and Canada has been carried out.Highlighted rational approaches to the formation of coding and accounting for Ph & MP, taking into account national characteristics. The basis of the integral structure of the UAS Ph&MP with basic information blocks has been developed.Approaches and principles to the methodology of its formation are given, taking into account the current standards of computer systems for the structuring and fixing of information, as well as in accordance with international standards for automated identification of information about Ph&MP. The requirements for the compliance of computer databases of structural units of business entities with modern standards for preserving pharmaceutical information necessary about medicines when accounting are presented.
Interview with Petra Hauke: Sustainable Development Goals in medical libraries
Authors: Corradini Franziska , Klerings Irma , Bissels Gerhard
Published: December 2020

The role of libraries in achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become an increasingly important topic in the last years. The authors of this paper talked to Petra Hauke, convenor of the “Environment, Sustainability and Libraries Special Interest Group” (ENSULIB) at the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) about her work and the ways medical libraries might contribute to implementing the SDGs.
Green it! Planning more sustainable conferences
Authors: Klerings Irma , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Bissels Gerhard
Published: December 2020

Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic challenge us to re-evaluate the way we live and work. In the academic sector, this includes organising and attending conferences and other scientific meetings. The pandemic has led EAHIL 2020 to be moved online, which is “greener” than physical meetings, but has interactional drawbacks. On the other hand, planning of physical conferences can make use of existing guidance to improve the environmental impact in areas such as venue and travel arrangements, catering, waste reduction as well as communication. In the future, conference organisers can draw upon insights into remote and virtual collaboration gained during the pandemic. Hybrid conferences that allow physical and remote attendance might become an option for increased sustainability of scientific meetings.
En lisant le Télémaque
Authors: Brand Joshua Lewis Mackenzie
Published: December 2020

Si certaines œuvres balzaciennes trahissent l’influence de l’esthétisme romantique, qu’il soit intime ou romanesque, ainsi dans Le Lys dans la vallée (1835), Balzac a aussi saisi les limites des romantiques et s’est tourné vers le roman réaliste. Devenant finalement le père du mouvement réaliste français, il a su créer une écriture renommée pour l’observation détaillée des milieux sociaux. Dans cet article, je me penche sur le roman moins connu de Balzac, Une fille d’Ève (1838), qui représente un angle du réalisme en abordant la problématique de la tension entre les femmes et les hommes. Mon analyse vise à faire ressortir le fait que cette tension qui a inspiré Balzac provient sans doute de la méthode Jacotot liée au roman Les Aventures de Télémaque de Fénelon. Le présent article propose d’explorer cette relation philosophique en partant des références et des pratiques intertextuelles du roman de Balzac, deux caractéristiques essentielles de l’écriture balzacienne.
Comparative assessment of heavy metal content in soils of different urban agglomerations: methodological approaches to environmental monitoring
Authors:   SI «Kundiiev Yu. Institute for Occupational Health, NAMSU», Kyiv, Andrusyshyna I.M. , Holub I.O. ,   SI «Kundiiev Yu. Institute for Occupational Health, NAMSU», Kyiv, Demchenko V.F., ,   SI «Kundiiev Yu. Institute for Occupational Health, NAMSU», Kyiv, Lampeka O.G. ,   SI «Kundiiev Yu. Institute for Occupational Health, NAMSU», Kyiv
Published: December 2020

Objective: We studied the regional characteristics of soil pollution with heavy metals and other chemical elements, presented their comparative ecological and hygienic assessment. Materials and methods: We detected the content of 12 elements in the soils of urban agglomerations of the city of Kyiv (park, residential and transport zones), Donetsk oblast (Mariupol, Pisky etc.) and in the vicinity of the city of Halych (Ivano-Frankivsk oblast) with the help of the method of optical emission spectrometry. We studied the gross content of heavy metals in soils, determined their mobile forms, calculated the concentration coefficients and the indicator of the total soil cover pollution of urban agglomerations, established characteristic relationships between metals and their technogenic geochemical associations. Results and discussion: Among the analyzed chemical elements in soils of urban areas, the high content of Al, Mn and Crattracts a special attention. In the number of cases, it was higher than the MAC and the background level. The characteristic technogenic geochemical associations of heavy metals for studied territories were established: Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn. The mobility of heavy metals in technologically polluted soils increases in comparison with the background levels. Conclusion: A comparative assessment of soil pollution in the surveyed regions of Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Donetsk showed that they are under complex environmental pressure because of anthropogenic and technogenic environmental pollution with heavy metals.
ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONING OF ENTERPRISES-ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH THE USE OF THERMAL METHODS
Authors:   STATE INSTITUTION “O.M. MARZIEIEV INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH” NAMSU, Koval N.M.
Published: December 2020

Objective. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of the conditions of safe operation of enterprises using equipment for thermal disposal / waste disposal. Materials and methods. The objects of research were enterprises where waste is subjected to thermal disposal/utilization (location of production facilities – Odessa and Dnipropetrovsk regions). To conduct a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the levels of impact created at the border of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of production, the results of instrumental studies of air samples, acoustic measurements, and the results of calculating the scattering of gross pollutant emissions from their emission sources were analyzed. form the total gross emission at the industrial site (research protocols were provided by certified laboratories), as well as regulatory and technical documentation, according to which the company operates. Results. The main processes that determine the hazard class of enterprises are thermal, namely: disposal of hazardous waste at the installation for thermal disposal (utilizer) type UT3000D and processing (utilization) of rubber products by pyrolysis at the unit UE GTV MTD-5/24. The utilizer includes a combustion chamber of exhaust gases at a temperature up to 1300˚C and is equipped with a two-stage system for their purification. Shredded rubber-containing waste is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 450°C without access of oxygen with the formation of secondary waste (carbon residue, metal cord residues, gas fraction, which is burned in the main chamber, furnace fuel), which are transferred to consumers on contractual terms. As in the classification of productions [2] such enterprises are absent, SPZ for the enterprise with the utilizer UT3000D is defined in the size of 500 m by analogy with garbage incineration, for the enterprise where pyrolysis is applied - SPZ is established at the size of 110 m (on the border of the nearest inhabited building). According to the results of field research, no exceedances of the normative indicators were detected for any pollutant at the border of the SPZ. Conclusions. The conditions for the operation of enterprises are not exceeding the hygienic regulations of the permissible content of chemicals in the air of settlements [3] and ensuring the regulatory level of acoustic impact at the SPZ in accordance with the requirements [2,4], compliance with technological regulations on waste management, safety rules and use of overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment when working with hazardous waste, as well as determining the hazard class of secondary waste generated in the process of thermal disposal / utilization.