bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research problems in Biological Anthropology: Flaws in sampling and in methods of results analysis
Authors: Chaabani Hassen
Published: June 2022

Anthropology has as ambition the study of the whole of humanity. It includes several specialties and sub-specialties that, despite their differences, offer an overall perspective that requires a holistic research approach. In Biological Anthropology, one of its specialties, anthropologists study biological variations in contemporary human populations in order to reveal their characteristics and their genetic relationships and to try, on the basis of analysis of these variations and those revealed in human fossils, to trace the evolution of human lineage through time. In this report, I provide an overview of some research major problems met in biological anthropology. I evoke especially the problems of the use of uncertain results analysis methods and those of incorrect samplings. In addition to the presentation of these problems and their consequences I present alternatives and suitable solutions. I also explain how some classic considerations resulting from some of these problems could hinder scientific progress in the topic in question. Hence, I believe it is time to avoid these problems, to eradicate the resulting considerations and to follow the most realistic research tracks.
Bioacaricidal effects of three volatile oils on cattle ticks
Authors: Ayinde Buniyamin A , Okeke Ifeoma , Ofeimun Josephine , Imade Rose , Onakomaya Oluwaseun , Bamikole Masibau A
Published: June 2022

Use of synthetic chemicals in addressing livestock attacks by ticks has negative effects on animals, handlers and the environment. These problems necessitate search for potent alternatives in bioacaricides particularly volatile oils. Acaricidal effects of hydro-distilled volatile oils from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora, Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Callistemon citrinus were evaluated on ticks obtained from infested cattle using topical method at varying concentrations in acetone. For each concentration, ten ticks of similar species were placed in Petri dishes and administered 20μL of the mixture of volatile oil and acetone. Acetone (20μL) was used as control and the effects were observed for 24 h. Out of three tick species identified, Rhipicephalus microplus was most abundant and most sensitive to the oils. Others are Amblyomma hebraeum and Hyalomma rufipes (most resistant). The volatile oil of OG was the most potent with LC50 of < 2 % (< 0.4 μL), < 2 % and 7.97% (1.59 μL) on the organisms respectively. The 5% of OG produced 100% mortality on R. microplus in 10-25 min while 20% concentration produced 100% mortality on H. rufipes in 24 h. Volatile oils of these plants particularly OG can serve as potent alternative bio-acaricidal agents to chemicals.
Effect of educational intervention on knowledge about hypertension and factors predicting adherence to drug therapy
Authors: Ibrahim Umar Idris , Mohammed Shafiu , Zezi Abdulkadir Umar
Published: June 2022

The present study was aimed at identifying the degree of knowledge of people with hypertension about the disease, identifying the factors predicting adherence to therapy and administering intervention. It was a quasi-experimental study involving 600 patients selected by multistage sampling technique. Adherence status was assessed using Morisky medication adherence scale8. Knowledge was measured using an eight-item instrument. Educational intervention in form of group discussions was administered. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. BP control was significantly higher in those that adhered to antihypertensive medication compared with non-adhering patients (χ2 = 14.526; df = 1; p-value = < 0.001). Comorbidity and number of antihypertensive drugs the patients were taking were found to be the predictors of adherence. After intervention, the percentage of respondents with good adherence increased from 41.3% to 48.3% (p = 0.369) in the intervention group. Furthermore educational intervention had a positive effect on knowledge of the respondents [from 64% to 66.3% (p= 0.623)] in the intervention group. The results revealed that the educational intervention had positive impact of knowledge of hypertension and its treatment. Additionally, Comorbidity and number of antihypertensive prescribed were found to be the predictors of adherence to medications.
Comparative prescription patterns of antipsychotics among schizophrenic patients attending two public health facilities in North-Eastern and North-Central Nigeria: a crosssectional study
Authors: Bello Shakirat I , Ojieabu Winifred A , Aliyu Fullaila O , Lafegana Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

In the care of patients, assessment of the use of drugs is very imperative as it shows the quality of care delivered to patients by the caregivers. The study aimed to compare the prescription patterns of antipsychotics in two public healthcare facilities in Nigeria using a standardized World Health Organization instrument. The studies were conducted at the General Hospital, Offa (GHO), Kwara State, and the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri (FNPHMM), Borno State. Ethical approvals were obtained from the studied facilities. A total of 625 prescriptions in each of the facilities were selected by random sampling. Frequency distributions and student t-test were used. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.9 in the GHO, while 1.2 was recorded in the FNPHMM. Injections were prescribed in 14.4% and 18.7% of encounters in the GHO and the FNPHMM, respectively. One hundred percent (100.0%) of the drugs were prescribed by generic name in the GHO and 98.2% in the FNPHMM. The percentage of drugs from the National Essential Drug List was 72% in the FNPHMM and 100% in the GHO. The prescribing indicators assessed were found to be below standard in the FNPHMM while the GHO showed polytherapy.
Data communications network for real-time industrial control systems
Authors: Nwazor Nkolika Ogechukwu , Audu Eliezar Elisha
Published: June 2022

The advancements in network technologies and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) have made supporting industrial control systems over probabilistic data networks promising. However, control systems’ communication over the traditional data networks is faced with problems of instability in feedback control and poor quality of performance due to time-varying data propagation delay. This paper presents two approaches that can enable real-time industrial control over non-deterministic computer networks allowing control system designers to take advantage of the existing communication infrastructures. The first approach is based on system-level interaction over two wires network called the collaboration network. The second approach is based on the implementation of the virtual local area network (VLAN). This method allows real-time control of industrial equipment or systems over IP-based networks while other computers are connected. Nodes providing real-time control services have the same PortID on the VLAN switch. This approach minimizes data traffic and reduces time-varying delay in system control over IP networks. The first approach was modeled and simulated using Proteus ISIS software. Two PIC16F877A microcontrollers were used to represent two nodes. CISCO packet tracer was used in the second approach to model and simulate IP-based control system communications over the traditional data network. Results indicate that the use of a two-wire collaborative network approach to a real-time control system is effective but requires an additional network alongside the main data traffic channel. VLAN, therefore, presents a more flexible approach that relies on the same infrastructures.
Meteorological parameters study and temperature forecasting in selected stations in Sub-Sahara Africa using MERRA-2 data
Authors: Aweda F. O. , Olufemi S. J. , Agbolade J.O. , Agbolade J.O.
Published: June 2022

The study and forecast of climatic phenomena have progressed over time, but the huge knowledge with information gathered has aided in comprehending and anticipating weather changes. The goal of this research was to look at some specific meteorological characteristics and forecast air temperature over a number of stations in Osun State, Nigeria. Monthly rainfall, relative humidity, air temperature, air pressure, wind speed and direction for four stations were gathered from the HelioClim website archives and used in this study. For each variable, descriptive statistics were calculated. The normality of the data was determined using the Shapiro-Wilks test. The data was tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, and different types of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were fitted. According to the statistics, the highest average temperature was observed in March (𝑇=23.90𝐶). The months of June, July, August, and September had the highest mean relative humidity (𝑅𝐻=88.4%), pressure (𝑃=987ℎ𝑃𝑎), wind speed (𝑊𝑆=1.8𝑚/𝑠), wind direction (𝑊𝐷=225.10), and rainfall (𝑅𝐹=413𝑚𝑚). In January, the coefficient of variation (COV) for temperature was larger than in other months. In June, January, and December, relative humidity (RH), air pressure, rainfall, and wind speed and direction were all higher. The air temperature stationarity was tested using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, which revealed (p>0.05) but became stationary after the first difference (p<0.05). The temperature effect follows the same trend in ARIMA (1, 1, 1) forecasts for 2021 and 2022. As a result, air temperature modeling and forecasting are difficult tasks for any monthly time series. It is advised that all-time series models for any investigated location be considered, as well as meteorological conditions, in order to select the most appropriate model.
Risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Kibuye Referral Hospital, Rwanda- A case control study
Authors: Muragijimana Egide Freddy
Published: June 2022

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally, being among the leading cause of premature mortality. If no bold actions are taken, nine in ten persons diagnosed with diabetes will have T2DM by 2025.ObjectivesThis study aims at assessing socio-demographic characteristics and identify lifestyle factors associated with T2DM at Kibuye Referral Hospital.MethodsHospital-based case control study design was used. Food frequency, and global physical activity questionnaires adapted from WHO were used. SPSS v 23 was used for all research analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize categorical variables with help of frequencies and percentages. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with T2DM by computing odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression models using multivariate analysis with a significance level of 5% was used to establish the independent risk factors of T2DM by controlling the confounding variables.ResultsSmoking, level of physical activity, low level of dietary diversity were associated with T2DM. The likelihood of developing T2DM among smokers was about 9 times more [AOR= 8.9; 95%CI=2.84-27.86; p<0.001] compared to non- smokers. Respondents with low level of physical activities were 8.1 times more likely to get T2DM than those with high or moderate physical activities [AOR= 8.1; 95%CI= 2.90-22.79; p<0.001]. Similarly, respondents with low level of dietary diversity score were 6 times more likely to developT2DM [AOR= 6.03; 95%CI= 1.67-21.80; p=0.006] compared to those with high level of dietary diversity score.ConclusionLifestyle factors that showed strong association with T2DM can all be modified by public health interventions that are promoting physical activity, healthy lifestyle, and dietary diversity.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(2):151-157
Birth Outcome and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Leukemia in Rwanda: A case - Control Study
Authors: Turatsinze Felicien , Rutayisire Erigene , Habtu Michael
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLeukemia is the most common cancer affecting children and remains the top cause of death among children.ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining birth outcomes and maternal risk factors associated with childhood leukemia in Rwanda.MethodsA case control study was conducted at Butaro Cancer Referral hospital. The sample of 103 cases and 103 controls was recruited using the records for children diagnosed with Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and those who were hospitalized for non-cancer treatment as controls. Semi-structured questionnaire and phone calls were used to gather information. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors.ResultsThe majority (56.8%) of children who participated in the study were aged 10-14 years. Overall 41.3% were born via C-Section. It was revealed that children who had had birth asphyxia had about three (3) times increased risk of childhood leukemia [AoR= 2.47, 95%CI: 1.167-5.262, P=0.018] compared to children that had not experienced birth asphyxia. Children who had suffered Neonatal Jaundice, had five (5) times increased risk of getting leukemia [AOR= 5.05, 95%CI: 1.738-14.664, P=0.003].ConclusionIt is important that public and private stakeholders invest more in childhood oncology researches to enable the health system deliver effective management of the cases more efficiently.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(2):158-169
Effect of Positive Deviance Hearth Intervention on Acute Malnutrition Persistence among Children under Five in Burera District, Rwanda
Authors: Minani Gaston , Habtu Michael , Rutayisire Erigene
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPositive Deviance Hearth is considered as a good approach to use existing and available resources to address malnutrition at the community level.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the effect of Positive Deviance Hearth on persistent acute malnutrition management among children under five in Burera District.MethodsA comparative quasi-experimental study was conducted in Burera district. One hundred ninety six (196) participants were selected purposively. Nutrition status of children who attended Positive Deviance Hearth sessions for 12 consecutive days were measured and compared with children who were not in the HEARTH intervention.ResultsThe majority (55.6%) of children in both groups were male. The prevalence acute malnutrition persistence was significantly higher (52.0%) among the non-HEARTH intervention compared to those in the HEARTH intervention area (20.4%). In reduced model of the multivariate analysis, persistence of acute malnutrition was 87% higher among children in the non-Hearth intervention compared to those in Hearth intervention (AoR= 0.13; 95%CI: [0.05-0.35], p<0.001).ConclusionThe use of Positive Deviance Hearth model was significantly associated with low prevalence of malnutrition persistence; therefore, it should be adopted by the Ministry of Health.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(2):180-188
A comparative study on stress, anxiety, and depression amongst medical and nursing students in a Nigerian private university.
Authors: Olabisi O.I. , Bolaji A. , Azeez F.
Published: June 2022

This study compared the stress, anxiety and depression level reported by medical and nursing students in the first two years of their clinical training (i.e medical students in 4th and 5th year; Nursing students in the 3rd and 4th year). Descriptive research design was employed and the sample size of 102 was calculated by G power 3.1 using the difference between two independent means (two groups).

A total of 51 medical and 51 nursing students studying at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso were randomly recruited. Depression, Anxiety and Stress questionnaire (DASS 21) was adopted for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Medical students reported higher mild depression (78.5%) and mild anxiety (82.4%) but lower mild stress (64.7%) compared with Nursing students viz. mild depression (68.6%), mild anxiety (76.5%) and mild stress (72.5%). Students older than 20 years experienced more depression (t=-3.51, p=0.001), anxiety (t=-3.625, p=0.000) and were more stressed (t=-7.86, p=0.000) compared to those less than 20 years. Also male students are more anxious (t=2.01, p=0.04) and more stressed (t=2.26, p=0.03) compared with female students. Students who had never repeat a course were more depressed (t=2.30, p=0.000), more anxious (t=-5.320, p= 0.000) and more stressed (t=4.904, p=0.000) than those who had repeated a course. Though not significant, medical students are more anxious and depressed than nursing students and nursing students are more stressed than medical students. Age and gender of the students affected the level of stress, depression and anxiety. Therefore, medical and nursing students should be taught on coping strategies to sustain their mental health.
Antibiotics use in children: Practice predictors among mothers of under–fives
Authors: Ahwinahwi U.S. , Odili V.U.
Published: June 2022

In the developing countries, drug administration in children under the age of five is a task mostly undertaken by mothers. Parental practices in the use of antibiotics   in children can determine the extent of the therapeutic benefit and the development of resistance. This study investigated mothers’ practices on use of antibiotics in children and determined the possible socio-demographic predictors of good practice.

Mothers of at least a child under the age of five were interviewed to determine their use of antibiotics in children and summary and inferential statistical analysis were conducted.

Of the 313 mothers interviewed, 119(38%) had overall poor practice. One hundred and eighty-eight (60.1%) used antibiotics when their children had catarrh and sore throats, 195(62.3%) stopped giving antibiotics when their children felt better before completing the dose, 260(83.1%) saved some antibiotics at home in case of future use, 126(40.3%) gave antibiotics without the doctor’s prescription. Older mothers had a greater likelihood to save some antibiotics at home in case of future use, OR=1.087,95%CI-1.016-1.163,  increasing age of first child decreases the odds of requesting antibiotics from the doctor OR=0.989, 95% CI:0.981-0.997 while increasing number of children had almost a two-fold increase on the likelihood to request for antibiotics, OR=1.624,95% CI=1.05-2.386. Attaining a tertiary level of education had over a two-fold (OR=2.337, 95% CI=1.063-5.137) and a three-fold (OR=3.262,95% CI= 1.566-6.802) increase on the odds of giving antibiotics to a child without a doctor’s advice and reading information leaflets respectively. There was a significant difference between self- perceived practice level and actual practice level (P=0.01).

A good proportion of mothers had less than adequate antibiotics practice levels and some demographic factors predicted practice. Advocacy should be employed to improve practices associated with antibiotics use in children in the developing countries.
Serum Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes as bioindicator of oxidative stress in women with PCOS at UITH, Ilorin
Authors: AbdulAzeez I.M. , Biliaminu S.A. , Oladosu W.O. , Okesina A.B.
Published: June 2022

Several studies showed circulating oxidative markers being significantly high in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women when compared with women without PCOS thus oxidative markers may be considered as potential inducer of PCOS pathogenesis. However some previous studies show inconsistent findings among PCOS patients hence, more studies are necessary to further investigate such relationships involving antioxidants and PCOS, especially in our clime where there is paucity of data relating PCOS and oxidative stress marker. Our aim therefore, was to determine the activities of oxidative stress markers in patients with PCOS.

This prospective study was carried out on 45 female clients with PCOS aged between 27 and 50 years and their results were compared with 45 healthy age matched controls. The serum was used to estimate the levels of Malondialdehide (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione S-reductase (GSH), activities in both patients and controls. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

The mean serum levels of SOD, MDA and GSH were statistically significantly higher in women with PCOS than in control. There was statistically significant positive correlation between Folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Leutenizing Hormone (LH), SOD, MDA and Age.

Higher serum MDA, SOD and GSH levels in PCOS patients compared with the controls in this study, similar to previous studies may be attributed to a compensatory response by the body's defense mechanisms to higher circulating levels of oxidants. No statistical significance difference in the mean catalase activity when PCOS patients were compared with controls. In conclusion, serum MDA and antioxidant enzymes are higher in PCOS patients, pointing to the fact that oxidative stress is more prevalent among these patients with PCOS, therefore it will not be out of place to evaluate with PCOS for oxidative stress, irrespective of their reproductive disorders.
Prevalence and pattern of misuse of insecticide treated nets among household heads in Apete Community of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adegbore A.K, , Oladepo O. , Adegoke J.I .
Published: June 2022

Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) has been established to be the most cost effective malaria vector control measure if used correctly. However, the use of ITN for other purposes other than its primary purpose is common. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and pattern of misuse of ITNs among household heads.

A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among 422 household heads selected through multi stage sampling procedure using a validated interviewer administered questionnaire (r= 0.72) and analyzed with SPSS software

The result of this study revealed the mean age of respondents’ was 33.38±7.46 and 39.5% was in the 40-49 age brackets. Only 37.4% of the respondents slept inside the nets the night prior to data collection.72.5% of the respondents were found in possession of net not used for sleeping out of which more than half (38.7%) used ITNs as window curtains, 19.3% used as night wrapper, 12.9% as fishing nets, 11.3% as protective device from garden animals, 10.5% used as football goal post and 7.3% used the net to cover market goods. There was a statistically significant relationship between ITN misuse and respondents’ educational attainment (r=.304) and gender (r=.399) at (p<0.05).

In conclusion, the study revealed a high prevalence of ITN misuse among the respondents in the community. There is need for community based health promotion intervention to encourage correct usage of ITNs and reduce misuse.
Chemical constituents of Combretum dolichopetalum: Characterization, antitrypanosomal activities and molecular docking studies
Authors: Nnadi Charles O , Onuku Raphael , Ayoka Thecla O , Okorie Ndidiamaka H , Nwodo Ngozi J
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro activities of a gallic acid ester and two apigenin flavone glucoside constituents of Combretum dolichopetalum against Trypanosoma brucei brucei s427 (Tbs427) and Trypanosoma congolense IL3000 (Tc-IL3000), and their interactions with a lysosomal papain-like cysteine protease (CP) enzyme in silico.Methods: Anti-trypanosomal activity-guided separation of ethyl acetate fraction using column chromatographic (CC) technique and purification of the CC sub-fractions with semi-preparative HPLC yielded three (1-3) compounds. The structures were characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and tested for activities against Tbs427 and Tc-IL3000. All the compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of trypanosomal cathepsin B (TbCatB) CP.Results: An ester (1), a butyl gallate, and two positional isomeric apigenin flavone glucosides (2, 3) were identified. The compounds 2 (vitexin) and 3 (isovitexin) showed low in vitro IC50 against the tested parasites. However, 2 (IC50, 25 μM) was more potent than 3 (IC50, 68 μM) against Tbs427 while both were equipotent (IC50 = 2, 11.5 μM and 3, 10.8 μM) against Tc-IL3000. Compound 1 (butyl gallate) showed higher activity against Tc-IL3000 (IC50 = 0.80 μM) than to Tbs427 (IC50, 2.72 μM). The molecular docking study showed that all the compounds had minimum binding energies with a higher affinity towards the active pocket of TbCatB compared to the controls and native inhibitor (CA074).Conclusion: The relatively high in vitro activities and their strong affinity for TbCatB support the need for further optimization of the compounds towards lead identification against animal trypanosomiasis.
Barriers and motivation for online learning among pharmacy students in Jordan
Authors: AbuKamar Maisa , Kamar Amal Abu
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To explore the barriers and motivations of pharmacy students towards online learning in Jordan, as well as the students’ inclinations towards taking online courses in the future.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a questionnaire that was distributed from May 20th to December 20th, 2020 to pharmacy students in Jordan. Data were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 600 pharmacy students responded, and all the participants had previously taken online courses. The highest ranked items on the participants' motivation towards online learning are its convenience in terms of time and location (92.8 %), and getting good grades in online courses (81.7 %). The main barriers were lack of collaboration and interaction (57.5 %), and feelings of disconnection during online learning (56.5 %).Conclusion: This study reveals a positive attitude among pharmacy students on the effectiveness of online learning. Most respondents appreciate the convenience of online learning in terms of time and location. However, lack of collaboration and interaction, and feelings of disconnection during online learning are major barriers.
Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions among chronic kidney disease patients: An experience from United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hammoud Kowsar Mouhib , Sridhar Sathvik B , Rabbani Syed Arman , Kurian Martin Thomas
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and assessing nature of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving adult CKD patients. Occurrence of pDDIs was evaluated using Micromedex database 2.0. Suspected ADRs during the study period were documented and assessed.Results: Overall prevalence of pDDIs was found to be 85.3 %. A total of 811 pDDIs with 225 different pairs of interacting drugs were identified. Majority of the patients had ≥ 3 pDDIs regardless of type of severity. Thirty-five ADRs were identified in 25 CKD patients. Hyperkalemia was the most-commonly suspected ADR. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01 - 107), length of hospital stay (OR: 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.0 - 1.32), presence of comorbidity like diabetes (OR: 9.1, 95 % CI: 3.2 - 25.3) and number of drugs prescribed (OR: 6.88, 95 % CI: 1.5 - 30.0) were positively correlated with occurrence of pDDIs. Length of hospital stay (OR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.99 - 1.06) and number of drugs (OR: 0.16, 95 % CI 0.03 - 0.84) were identified as independent predictors of occurrence of ADRs.Conclusion: Prevalence of pDDIs was high in the study population. A majority of the pDDIs were of major severity type, fair documentation grade, and of unspecified onset. A majority of suspected ADRs were probably of moderate in severity and not preventable type.
Effect of cognitive rehabilitation training combined with butylphthalide soft capsules and ginkgo-leaf tablets on patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhong Yuanyuan , Chen Jiaoping
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To study the impact of a combination of cognitive rehabilitation training, butylphthalide soft capsules and ginkgo-leaf tablets on patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight (128) mild AD patients were randomly assigned to medication treatment group (MT group, n = 64) and joint training group (JT group, n = 64). Both groups were treated with butylphthalide soft capsules and ginkgo-leaf tablets, while the JT group additionally received cognitive rehabilitation training. Therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactionsin the two groups were assessed.Results: Total effectiveness was significantly higher in JT patients (84.38 %) than in MT patients (60.94 %; χ2 = 8.9320). After treatment, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and ADAS-cog scores in the JT group were significantly better than those in the MT group, (p < 0.05). There were significantly lower plasma NO, serum VEGF and MDA levels in JT patients than in MT patients. CRP and Hcy levels were markedly lower in JT than in MT patients. The incidence of adverse reactions in both groups was comparable (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rehabilitation training in combination with butylphthalide soft capsule and ginkgo-leaf tablets produce significant therapeutic impact on mild AD patients. The combination therapy delays cognitive decline and memory loss in AD patients, improves their serological indicators, and lowers the incidence of adverse reactions.
Maker-Breaker total domination game on cubic graphs
Authors: Forcan Jovana , Mikalački Mirjana
Published: June 2022

We study Maker--Breaker total domination game played by two players,
Dominator and Staller, on the connected cubic graphs. Staller (playing the role
of Maker) wins if she manages to claim an open neighbourhood of a vertex.
Dominator wins otherwise (i.e.\ if he can claim a total dominating set of a
graph). For certain graphs on $n\geq 6$ vertices, we give the characterization
on those which are Dominator's win and those which are Staller's win.
Autour de la conjecture de Tate enti\`ere pour certains produits de dimension $3$ sur un corps fini
Authors: Scavia Federico
Published: June 2022

Let $X$ be the product of a surface satisfying $b_2=\rho$ and of a curve over a finite field. We study a strong form of the integral Tate conjecture for $1$-cycles on $X$. We generalize and give unconditional proofs of several results of our previous paper with J.-L. Colliot-Th\'el\`ene.

Comment: in French. Improves on the results of arXiv:2001.10515. Final version
Enhanced Machine Learning Evaluation in Digital Marketing
Authors: Kargutkar Sahil M. , Mandge Omprakash L.
Published: June 2022

An impending decision in front is often searched for a past presence for the purpose of gathering information from the data and to make a decision out of it. Machine Learning, a field which allows systems, a computer to be specific to make a fortunate prediction out of past information or experiences. Machine Learning being a phenomenon widely used throughout the technological advances, is constantly finding itself to be introduced to newer domains. Image processing, medical diagnosis, predictions, speech recognition and many more are among the applications of Machine Learning. Digital Marketing, too, emerges for the need and betterment with aid from the field of Machine Learning. Digital Marketing is a way of maintaining relationships with customers for your business through a way of an online medium. Digital Marketing has made the lives of local businesses a lot easier as a target audience can be reached very easily with just a bare touch of technology. Earlier in the days, Traditional Marketing was the only way for the Businesses to promote their products and services which was done by magazines, newspapers, billboards and with the word of mouth, it was capable of doing the bare minimum publicity. Introduction of Digital marketing has paved a way to reach to a wider, broader and the exact specific target audience. Local businesses are flourishing due to the aid of this type of marketing and machine learning plays a huge role in it.
Neželjeni događaji u fizikalnoj terapiji
Authors: Šimunić Tatjana , Mesarić Jasna
Published: June 2022

Sigurnost pacijenta okosnica je pružanja kvalitetne fizikalne terapije, kako u bolničkom, tako i u izvanbolničkom okružju. Iako su ozbiljni neželjeni događaji u fizikalnoj terapiji rijetki, svi sudionici u liječenju pacijenta moraju ih biti svjesni i aktivno sudjelovati u smanjenju njihove pojavnosti. Poseban oprez za pacijentovu sigurnost pritom je potreban pri intervencijama poput manualne terapije, kao i u rehabilitaciji pacijenta u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja i COVID-19 odjelima. Primjenom akcijskih planova i kontrolnih listi u procesu liječenja pacijenata fizikalnom terapijom potrebno je osigurati sigurno okružje za pružanje fizioterapijske skrbi.
Kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest
Authors: Gemišević Matea , Mesarić Marko
Published: June 2022

Kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (KOPB) kronična je bolest koja nastaje opstruktivnim oštećenjem pluća koje izaziva promjene u strukturi plućnog parenhima i dišnih puteva. Strukturne promjene nastaju zbog upale te uzrokuju opstrukciju dišnih puteva. Za smanjenje učestalosti, težine egzercebacija i smrtnosti oboljelih od KOPB-a zaslužno je liječenje sistemske upale u kroničnoj opstruktivnoj bolesti pluća. Cilj je ovog preglednog rada predstaviti KOPB kao učestalu bolest 21. stoljeća s visokom smrtnošću, definirati bolest i prikazati njenu kliničku sliku, patofiziologiju i etiologiju, način dijagnosticiranja, liječenje i fizioterapijsku rehabilitaciju.
Primjena dry needlinga nakon traumatske ozljede glave i vrata, prikaz slučaja
Authors: Šego Kristina
Published: June 2022

Bol uzrokovana ozljedom vrata često prelazi u dugotrajan i kroničan oblik. Negativno utječe na razinu funkcionalnosti u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života i kvalitetu života pacijenata. Ukoliko je riječ o miofascijalnoj boli, odnosno prisutnim miofascijalnim trigger točkama, dry needling je tehnika koja je sve popularnija među fizioterapeutima i koristi se upravo u tretmanu trigger točaka. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati ishod fizioterapije, s naglaskom na primjenu dry needlinga, kod pacijentice s ograničenim opsegom pokreta vratne kralježnice i bolom u području gornjih vlakana trapezijusa i vrata nakon traumatske ozljede glave i vrata.
Distribucija jakosti skeletnih mišića i neuromišićni fenomeni
Authors: Jurinić Antun , Mesarić Jasna , Stavljenić Rukavina Ana
Published: June 2022

U fizioterapiji jakost mišića predstavlja važnu mjernu karakteristiku jer doprinosi objektivizaciji procjene i mjerenju učinka. Mišićna jakost najčešće se mjeri ručnim dinamometrima. Dinamometrija predstavlja valjanu i pouzdanu metodu u kliničkoj fizioterapiji. Literaturni podaci upućuju na neuromišićne fenomene koji su odgovorni za jakost mišića i njihovu međusobnu povezanost. U ovom radu prikazana je distribucija mišićnih sila skeletnih mišića i njihova povezanost. Također se razmatraju neuromišićni fenomeni koji uzrokuju takvu distribuciju. Ispitivanje mišićnih sila provedeno je u okviru internog znanstvenog projekta „Ispitivanje povezanosti zdravstvenih navika, tjelesne aktivnosti i mišićne jakosti” Libertas međunarodnog sveučilišta.
Retrospectiva teoretico-metodologică a învățării prin descoperire în vederea familiarizării preșcolarilor cu natura
Authors: Ungureanu Eugenia-Nadia , Gînju Stela
Published: June 2022

From a theoretical point of view, learning through discovery is a generator of motivation and self-confidence. The emphasis on learning has the effect of guiding the child on a constructive path. The necessary condition is that the learning situation is well structured and adapted to the age peculiarities of the learner, as well as to the content of the scientific discipline. Solving concrete problems in everyday life, regardless of the degree of complexity, involves the appeal to knowledge, skills and attitudes related to the capacities of understanding and using specific notions and concepts, as well as those related to the capacities of investigation of physical reality. Interactive pedagogy is based on the actions centered on the individual activity of the preschooler through which they form basic skills and develop skills. The more senses involved in teaching are trained, the more the more the preschooler will understand and remember what he learns. Learning gains meaning when the preschooler explores and finds explanations to the questions that arouse his interest and curiosity.
Efek Penambahan Tepung Limbah Tauge dalam Ransum Terhadap Fertilitas dan Daya Tetas Telur Puyuh (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)
Authors: Kadir Muhammad Jurhadi , Asis Asis , Irmayani Irmayani
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan limbah tauge dengan level yang berbeda dalam ransum terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas telur puyuh Menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 taraf perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 10 ekor puyuh dengan total 120 ekor puyuh. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas P0: ransum tanpa limbah tauge (kontrol), P1: Ransum dengan limbah tauge 3%, P2: Ransum dengan limbah tauge 6%, P3: Ransum dengan limbah tauge 8%. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung limbah tauge pada pakan puyuh dengan level yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas telur puyuh. Rata rata fertilitas berkisar antara 86,67% - 100%. Sedangkan rata-rata daya tetas teur puyuh berkisar antara 65,28% - 86,67%.. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung limbah tauge dalam pakan puyuh berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas telur puyuh . Perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 3% memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas telur puyuh.
 
This study aims to determine the effect of adding bean sprouts with different levels in the ration on fertility and hatchability of quail eggs. Using a completely raqndomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels and 3 replications so that are 12 experimental units, each experimental unit consists of 10 quail with a total of 120 quail. Each treatment consisted of P0: ration without bean sprouts waste (control), P1: ration with 3 % bean sprouts waste, P2: ration with 6 % bean sprouts waste, P3; ration with 8 % bean sprouts waste. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of bean sprouts waste flour to quail feed with different levels had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the fertility and hatchability of quail eggs. The average fertility ranged from 86.67 % - 100%. While the average hatcahibility of quail eggs ranged from 65.28% - 86.67%. it was concluded that the addition of bean flour in quail feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fertility and hatchability of quail eggs. Treatments with a concentration of 3% gave the besat effect on fertility and hatchability of quail eggs.
Efektifitas Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dalam Ransum terhadap Tingkat Konsumsi dan Pertambahan Berat Badan Itik Mojosari
Authors: Mahesa Ahmad , Nurhaeda Nurhaeda , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dalam ransum terhadap tingkat konsumsi dan berat badan itik Mojosari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor itik dengan demikian diperlukan itik berjumlah 60 ekor. Adapun perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah : P0 = Tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), P1 = Perlakuan tepung daun kelor 5%, P2 = Perlakuan tepung daun kelor 10%, dan P3 = Perlakuan tepung daun kelor 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan tepung daun kelor berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap rata-rata konsumsi dan pertambahan berat badan ransum itik Mojosari. Adapun nilai rata-rata konsumsi setiap perlakuan yaitu P3 (33.99 gr), P2 (34.5 gr), P1 (36.55 gr) dan P0 (39.92 gr). Nilai rata-rata pertambahan berat badan itik mojosari setiap perlakuan yaitu P3 (11.07 gr), P2 (10.14 gr), P1 (8.75 gr) dan P0 (8.17 gr). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung daun kelor dalam ransum berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap tingkat konsumsi ransum dan pertambahan berat badan itik Mojosari. Nilai terbaik yang diperoleh yaitu pada perlakuan P2 dengan penambahan tepung daun kelor sebanyak 10%.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adding Moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) in the ration to the level of consumption and body weight of Mojosari ducks. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments with 3 replications. Each replication consisted of 5 ducks, so 60 ducks were needed. The treatments applied were: P0 = No treatment (control), P1 = Moringa leaf flour treatment 5%, P2 = Moringa leaf flour treatment 10%, and P3 = Moringa leaf flour treatment 15%. The results showed that the addition of Moringa leaf flour had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the average consumption and weight gain of Mojosari duck rations. The average value of consumption for each treatment is P3 (33.99 gr), P2 (34.5 gr), P1 (36.55 gr) and P0 (39.92 gr). The average weight gain of Mojosari ducks for each treatment was P3 (11.07 gr), P2 (10.14 gr), P1 (8.75 gr) and P0 (8.17 gr). It was concluded that the provision of Moringa leaf flour in the ration had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the level of ration consumption and weight gain of Mojosari ducks. The best value obtained was in the P2 treatment with the addition of 10% Moringa leaf flour.
Kapadokya Bölgesi’nin Kongre Turizm Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Authors: AKGÖZ Erkan , TEMİZEL Gamze , OTAL Ayşen
Published: June 2022

Peribacaları, vadileri, mağaraları, yer altı şehirleri vemanastırları ile ünlü Kapadokya, her yıl birçok turisttarafından ziyaret edilmektedir. Ziyaretçiler sadece tarihive doğal güzellikler için değil, sosyal ve kültüreletkinlikler için de Kapadokya bölgesini tercihetmektedirler. Bölgede faaliyet gösteren turizmişletmeleri; konaklama, yeme-içme, eğlence vb. hizmetlerisunmakta bununla birlikte bölge kongre, fuar ve festivalgibi çeşitli etkinliklere de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.Bu çalışma ile dünya çapında üne sahip KapadokyaBölgesi’nin kongre turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmadaSWOT analizi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikleulusal ve uluslararası literatürden yararlanılarak kongreturizmi kavramsal çerçevede ele alınmış, sonrasında veritoplama aracı olarak SWOT analizine uygun bir anketformu hazırlanmıştır. Veriler Kapadokya bölgesindefaaliyet gösteren 18 işletme yöneticisi, bölge ile ilgiliçalışmaları bulunan 15 akademisyen, turizm eğitimi alan20 lisansüstü öğrencisi ve Kapadokya bölgesindekongreye katılan 10 katılımcının hazırlanan anketsorularına vermiş olduğu cevaplardan derlenmiştir.Sonuçlar elde edilen verilerin aritmetik ortalamasıalınarak hazırlanan tablolar ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılananaliz sonucuna göre ilgili kişi ve kuruluşlar için gerekliöneriler sunulmuştur.
Contributions of the deixis clarified to the reading comprehension competence of the 6th graders
Authors: ÖZTURAN Zehra , KIZILTAN Nalan
Published: June 2022

Deixis are generally expressed as words or phrases whose meaning changes depending on who is talking, who is listening, where and when it is spoken (I, you, here, there, yesterday etc.). Foreign language learners have difficulties in decoding deixis in reading and listening skills. Therefore, this study aims at discussing how well the 6th graders are able to comprehend deixis in a written discourse. In order to collect data, twenty-two students have divided into two groups with even numbers as control and experimental groups. The 6th graders in experimental group have been given three different written texts in which deixis are clarified in parenthesis just after the use deictic words whereas the 6th graders in control group have been given the same three different written texts without identified deixis. The data have been collected through the reading comprehension questions after each text used in both groups. The findings have been analyzed by the SPSS 22 version program and t-test. As a result, the analysis indicates that there is a significant difference between the graders in both groups. The 6th graders in the experimental group seem more successful in reading comprehension than those in the control group because of the deictic words clarified.
Biosolids as fertilizer in the tomato crop
Authors: Castellanos-Rozo José , Galvis-López Jaqueline , Manjarres Elsa , Merchán-Castellanos Nuri
Published: June 2022

The sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants constitutes a potential alternative to replace traditional fertilizers and reduce costs in agricultural activities. The objective of this work was to compare the fertilizing effect of the sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plant of Sotaquirá-Colombia, with the fertilizers traditionally used on the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L). For this, the sludge was previously stabilized with two different treatments: dehydration and the addition of CaO. Subsequently, four treatments were applied to the tomato seedlings, 135 g.kg-1 of dehydrated biosolid, 135 g.kg-1 biosolid stabilized with CaO, 135 g.kg-1 of ABIMGRA®, 135 g.kg-1 of naturcomplet®-G, and greenhouse soil without biosolids. The height of the plant, the fresh and dry mass, foliar area, and fruits per plant, were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. In tomato fruits, the concentrations of heavy metals, coliforms, helminth eggs, somatic phages, and Salmonella sp., were determined. The dehydrated biosolids had a significant effect on the size, the fresh mass, foliar area, and the number of fruits per plant, compared to the alkaline biosolids. The dry mass of the plants (120 g. plant-1) was similar to traditional fertilizers and biosolids. Tomatoes produced with biosolids had low levels of heavy metals and an absence of pathogenic microorganisms. In conclusion, the biosolid obtained by dehydration in Sotaquirá can be used as a potential fertilizer in tomato cultivation.
ESTIMACIÓN DEL VALOR ECONÓMICO DE UN ESPACIO RECREATIVO. CASO DEL PARQUE RECREATIVO OMAR TORRIJOS HERRERA DE LA CIUDAD DE PANAMÁ
Authors: Álvarez C. Raúl I.
Published: June 2022

El Parque Recreativo Omar Torrijos Herrera de la Ciudad de Panamá, es uno de los parques metropolitanos más grandes y accesibles de la ciudad. Por su ubicación en un área altamente urbanizada de la ciudad, este parque recibe un gran número de visitantes diarios, quienes acuden a sus instalaciones para realizar diferentes tipos de actividades deportivas y recreativas. Aparte de ello, es un pulmón vegetal para la ciudad, contribuyendo con el secuestro del carbono procedente de la combustión de hidrocarburos, aparte de constituir hábitat para aves y otras especies de animales. Este estudio tiene por objeto determinar la valoración económica ambiental otorgada al parque recreativo Omar Torrijos Herrera de la Ciudad de Panamá por sus visitantes, aplicando el método de la valoración contingente, en dos etapas. En la primera se aplicó un instrumento mediante la herramienta Formularios de Google a una prueba piloto integrada por 30 usuarios, visitantes o no del parque, mientras que en la segunda etapa se extenderá la muestra a 250 personas, con recolección de datos presencial o mediante la herramienta mencionada. Los resultados preliminares arrojaron un valor de uso recreativo de un dólar ($ 1) por persona, un valor de legado de $ 21,77; una disposición a pagar máxima de $ 28,13 anuales por persona, y que la compensación exigida no se pudo estimar.