bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter One: Simpl(if)ication
Authors: Stroeken Koen
Published: November 2023

Nothing is wrong with simplifying an event if (on the condition that) you and I know to be engaging in a simplification. Even this condition, the ‘if’, can be temporarily dropped to facilitate communication and technology. That is simplification. However, once the condition can no longer be retrieved, the simplication becomes a simplex. Globalization has exacerbated the tendency to simplicate for complexity-reduction.

This chapter illustrates the process in various social domains that resulted in the proliferation of simplexes. The domains range from the spheres of politics, the streets and the classroom, to the informational binary of ICT hardware and software. A new context of depleted mediation and lost agency has arisen for stereotyping, scapegoating, racism and slimmed civil rights. The simplex, a unidimensional signal, addictively combines locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary forces. It conflates age-old premises to generate convenient convictions such as the one that technology liberates and that those with better technology duly paid for it. The chapter revisits Luhmann’s subsystems through Gluckman’s multiplex.
Magnetic Boundary Control I: Graphs with Several Cycles
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

This is the first chapter devoted to the Magnetic Boundary Control method (MBC-method).
Standard Laplacians and Secular Polynomials
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we start systematic studies of spectral properties of graph Laplacians—standard Laplace operators on metric graphs. Our main interest will be families of metric graphs having the same topological structure. Metric graphs from such a family correspond to the same discrete graph but the lengths of the edges may be different. Common spectral properties of such families (and hence of all metric graphs) are best described by certain multivariate low degree polynomials.
The Trace Formula
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

This chapter is devoted to the trace formula connecting the spectrum of a finite compact metric graph with the set of closed paths on it. In other words this formula establishes a relation between spectral and geometric/topologic properties of metric graphs.
SMEFT restrictions on exclusive b → uℓν decays
Authors: Greljo Admir , Salko Jakub , Smolkovič Aleks , Stangl Peter
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Exclusive semileptonic b hadron decays (b → uℓν) serve as a sandbox for probing strong and electroweak interactions and for extracting the CKM element Vub. Instead, this work investigates their underexplored potential to reveal new short-distance physics. Utilizing SMEFT as a conduit to chart territory beyond the SM, we demonstrate that substantive new physics contributions in b → uℓν are necessarily linked to correlated effects in rare neutral-current b decays, neutral B meson mixing or high-mass Drell-Yan tails. We find that measurements of the latter processes strongly restrict the allowed deviations in the former. A complete set of tree-level mediators, originating from a perturbative ultraviolet model and matching at dimension 6, is thoroughly explored to support this assertion. As a showcase application, we examine the feasibility of a new physics interpretation of the recent tension in exclusive |Vub| extraction from B → Vℓν where V = (ρ, ω).
Photoproduction of P-wave doubly charmed baryon at future e+e− collider
Authors: Zhan Xi-Jie , Wu Xing-Gang , Zheng Xu-Chang
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The photoproduction of P-wave doubly charmed baryon (Ξcc) is investigated in the context of future high-energy and high-luminosity e+e− colliders. The direct photoproduction via the sub-process $$ \gamma +\gamma \to {\Xi}_{cc}+\overline{c}+\overline{c} $$
γ
+
γ
→

Ξ
cc

+

c
¯

+

c
¯

and the resolved channel $$ \gamma +g\to {\Xi}_{cc}+\overline{c}+\overline{c} $$
γ
+
g
→

Ξ
cc

+

c
¯

+

c
¯

are considered. Within the framework of non-relativistic QCD, the calculation encompasses four P-wave (cc)-diquark configurations: $$ {(cc)}_{\overline{\textbf{3}}} $$

cc

3
¯

[1P1], (cc)6[3P0], (cc)6[3P1] and (cc)6[3P2]. The two S-wave states, $$ {(cc)}_{\overline{\textbf{3}}} $$

cc

3
¯

[3S1] and (cc)6[1S0], are also included for comparison. The cross sections, as well as the differential distributions involving transverse momentum, rapidity, and angular variables, have been computed. Numerical results reveal that the resolved photoproduction process plays a significant role and can provide dominant contributions. The photoproduction rate of the P-wave Ξcc is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the S-wave.
An observation on Feynman diagrams with axial anomalous subgraphs in dimensional regularization with an anticommuting γ5
Authors: Chen Long
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Through the calculation of the matrix element of the singlet axial-current operator between the vacuum and a pair of gluons in dimensional regularization with an anti-commuting γ5 defined in a Kreimer-scheme variant, we find that additional renormalization counter-terms proportional to the Chern-Simons current operator are needed starting from $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

) in QCD. This is in contrast to the well-known purely multiplicative renormalization of the singlet axial-current operator defined with a non-anticommuting γ5. Consequently, without introducing compensation terms in the form of additional renormalization, the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly equation does not hold automatically in the bare form in this kind of schemes. We determine the corresponding (gauge-dependent) coefficient to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

) in QCD, using a variant of the original Kreimer prescription which is implemented in our computation in terms of the standard cyclic trace together with a constructively-defined γ5. Owing to the factorized form of these divergences, intimately related to the axial anomaly, we further performed a check, using concrete examples, that with γ5 treated in this way, the axial-current operator needs no more additional renormalization in dimensional regularization but only for non-anomalous amplitudes in a perturbatively renormalizable theory. To be complete, we provide a few additional ingredients needed for a proposed extension of the algorithmic procedure formulated in the above analysis to potential applications to a renormalizable anomaly-free chiral gauge theory, i.e. the electroweak theory.
Heat Flow in Polygons with Reflecting Edges
Authors: Farrington Sam , Gittins Katie
Published: November 2023

We investigate the heat flow in an open, bounded set D in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

with polygonal boundary $$\partial D$$

∂
D

. We suppose that D contains an open, bounded set $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

with polygonal boundary $$\partial \widetilde{D}$$

∂

D
~

. The initial condition is the indicator function of $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

and we impose a Neumann boundary condition on the edges of $$\partial D$$

∂
D

. We obtain an asymptotic formula for the heat content of $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

in D as time $$t\downarrow 0$$

t
↓
0

.
Higher incidence of patellar incongruence after under correction of pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ruderman L. V. , Bayoumi T. , Burger J. A. , Zuiderbaan H. A. , Pearle A. D.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare patellofemoral joint alignment of knees with restored pre‐arthritic coronal alignment versus knees with under‐ or overcorrection from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and evaluate the effect of patellofemoral joint alignment on patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 517 knees following robotic‐arm assisted medial UKA was conducted. Postoperative mechanical hip‐knee‐ankle angle (mHKA) was compared to estimated pre‐arthritic coronal alignment, using the arithmetic hip‐knee‐ankle angle (aHKA). Knees were considered restored to the pre‐arthritic coronal alignment if mHKA was within 2.0° of aHKA (Group 1). Non‐restored knees were subdivided into > 2.0° over correction (Group 2), or > 2.0° under correction (Group 3) from the pre‐arthritic coronal alignment. Patellar congruence and patellar tilt angles were compared between groups. The Kujala score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritic Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR) were analyzed by group. Continuous data was compared using analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare discrete variables. Logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the probability of postoperative patellofemoral malalignment.

Results

Group 1 included 357 knees (69.1%), Group 2 included 57 knees (11.0%), and Group 3 included 57 knees (11.0%). The prevalence of postoperative abnormal patellar congruence (i.e. ≥ 17°) was higher in Group 3 at 40.4% (p = 0.009), with a higher odds ratio of having an abnormal patellar congruence angle (2.3, p = 0.01) compared to Group 1. The prevalence of postoperative abnormal patellar tilt (i.e. ≥ 14°) was comparable between groups (n.s.). At mean follow up of 4.4 ± 1.6 years, Kujala was worse in Group 3 (76.6 ± 17.4 compared to 84.0 ± 14.9 and 85.0 ± 14.4 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.006). Mean KOOS, JR outcomes were comparable among groups. No significantly inferior Kujala or KOOS, JR outcomes were observed in patients across all groups with abnormal patellar congruence or tilt angles.

Conclusion

Knees with under correction from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial UKA were associated with a two‐fold higher probability of having postoperative patellofemoral incongruence, as well as inferior mid‐term Kujala scores compared to knees with restored pre‐arthritic coronal alignment and knees with overcorrection from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment. Patellofemoral incongruence alone did not negatively impact functional outcome scores.

Level of Evidence

IV, case series.
Comparative analysis of discoid lateral meniscus size: a distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases
Authors: Nishino Kazuya , Hashimoto Yusuke , Kinoshita Takuya , Iida Ken , Tsumoto Shuko , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study evaluated the differences in meniscal sizes and occupancy between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients diagnosed with discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understand how these variations relate to the presence of symptoms and the patients’ age.

Methods

A retrospective review of 98 patients with DLM was conducted, excluding those with meniscal displacement. Both the width and extrusion of DLM and the percentage of the meniscus to the tibia were measured using mid‐coronal and mid‐sagittal MRI and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic DLM groups. The relationships among each parameter, meniscal size, and patient age were evaluated. Symptomatic cases were divided into those with and without horizontal tears on MRI to compare the differences in meniscal morphology.

Results

A total of 92 knees from 74 patients were included. Sixty‐one knees required surgical intervention for symptomatic DLM, while 31 were asymptomatic and included the contralateral side of symptomatic knees. The symptomatic group exhibited larger morphological variations than the asymptomatic group. Moreover, the sagittal meniscal ratio reduced with age in the asymptomatic group (r = − 0.54, p = 0.002) but remained constant in the symptomatic group. The symptomatic cases with horizontal tears demonstrated larger meniscal dimensions and smaller posterior capsule distances than those without tears.

Conclusion

Symptomatic patients with DLM had larger knee morphological changes than asymptomatic ones. Age affected the meniscal occupancy in the sagittal plane only in asymptomatic patients.

Level of evidence

III.
Does the design of a soda tax matter? Evidence from school children in Europe
Authors: Gangl Selina
Published: November 2023

This paper compares the effects of two different health taxes on soda consumption and the body mass index (BMI) of school children in Europe. Hungary imposed a comprehensive tax on several unhealthy products in 2011. In contrast, France introduced a tax on sodas with sugar or artificial sweeteners, in 2012. To evaluate these taxation designs, I use a flexible semi-parametric difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The results suggest a counter-intuitive increase in soda consumption caused by the tax in Hungary. The effect of the soda tax on soda consumption in France is insignificant. The BMI is not affected by any tax.
Improving the quality of gluten-free plant-based meat analogs based on soy protein isolate with insoluble soy fibers and low acyl gellan gum
Authors: Taghian Dinani Somayeh , de Jong Stijn , Vardhanabhuti Bongkosh , van der Goot Atze Jan
Published: November 2023

This study describes the effects of incorporating insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum as an alternative for wheat gluten in plant-based meat analogs made from soy protein isolate (SPI). The formulations containing insoluble soy fiber (ranging from 0 to 3%) and low acyl gellan gum (0–2%) were processed in a high-temperature shear cell (HTSC) and then analyzed in terms of macrostructure, microstructure, rheological properties, tensile strength, and water absorption capacity (WAC). Macrostructural analysis revealed that the control product containing SPI without insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum exhibited a dense and gel-like structure, devoid of visible fibers. The addition of 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of insoluble soy fiber increased the formation of visually elongated fibers in both macro- and microscopic levels in the shear direction, resulting in anisotropic plant-based meat analogs with improved tensile strength and elasticity. The use of 1 and 2 wt.% low acyl gellan gum led to the formation of short and thin filaments that were less oriented in the shear direction, resulting in decreased tensile strength. When combined with low acyl gellan gum, insoluble soy fiber failed to produce lengthy and elongated fibers, resulting in short and thin fibrils. These findings suggest that the interaction between insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum under the processing conditions may hinder fiber formation and mechanical anisotropy. Microscopic examination reveals smoother regions in products enriched with insoluble soy fiber and rougher surfaces in those containing low acyl gellan gum. Moreover, X-ray microtomography confirms that insoluble soy fiber enhanced air retention, contributing to enhanced structural integrity. In contrast, low acyl gellan gum introduces irregularly shaped air bubbles, compromising structural improvement. In summary, this study underscores the potential of insoluble soy fiber to enhance the structural and the textural properties of plant-based meat analogs. However, it also highlights the challenges posed by low acyl gellan gum, which, despite improving water retention, may hinder fiber formation and mechanical anisotropy. These findings offer insights for advancing the quality of plant-based meat products.
Persistent cognitive slowing in post-COVID patients: longitudinal study over 6 months
Authors: Martin Eva Maria , Srowig Annie , Utech Isabelle , Schrenk Simon , Kattlun Fabian , Radscheidt Monique , Brodoehl Stefan , Bublak Peter , Schwab Matthias , Geis Christian , Besteher Bianca , Reuken Philipp A. , Stallmach Andreas , Finke Kathrin
Published: November 2023

Background

Fatigue is a frequent and one of the most debilitating symptoms in post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Recently, we proposed that fatigue is caused by hypoactivity of the brain’s arousal network and reflected by a reduction of cognitive processing speed. However, it is unclear whether cognitive slowing is revealed by standard neuropsychological tests, represents a selective deficit, and how it develops over time.

Objectives

This prospective study assesses whether PCS patients show deficits particularly in tests relying on processing speed and provides the first longitudinal assessment focusing on processing speed in PCS patients.

Methods

Eighty-eight PCS patients with cognitive complaints and 50 matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment. Seventy-seven patients were subsequently assessed at 6-month follow-up. The Test for Attentional Performance measured tonic alertness as primary study outcome and additional attentional functions. The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery evaluated all key cognitive domains.

Results

Patients showed cognitive slowing indicated by longer reaction times compared to control participants (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) in a simple-response tonic alertness task and in all more complex tasks requiring speeded performance. Reduced alertness correlated with higher fatigue (r =  − 0.408, p < 0.001). Alertness dysfunction remained unchanged at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.240) and the same was true for most attention tasks and cognitive domains.

Conclusion

Hypoarousal is a core deficit in PCS which becomes evident as a selective decrease of processing speed observed in standard neuropsychological tests. This core deficit persists without any signs of amelioration over a 6-month period of time.
Visualization of root extracellular traps in an ectomycorrhizal woody plant (Pinus densiflora) and their interactions with root-associated bacteria
Authors: Shirakawa Makoto , Matsushita Norihisa , Fukuda Kenji
Published: November 2023

Main conclusion

Extracellular traps in the primary root of Pinus densiflora contribute to root-associated bacterial colonization. Trapped rhizobacteria induce the production of reactive oxygen species in root-associated, cap-derived cells.

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) woody plants, such as members of Pinaceae and Fagaceae, can acquire resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through the formation of mycorrhiza with ECM fungi. However, germinated tree seedlings do not have mycorrhizae and it takes several weeks for ectomycorrhizae to form on their root tips. Therefore, to confer protection during the early growth stage, bare primary roots require defense mechanisms other than mycorrhization. Here, we attempted to visualize root extracellular traps (RETs), an innate root defense mechanism, in the primary root of Pinus densiflora and investigate the interactions with root-associated bacteria isolated from ECM and fine non-mycorrhizal roots. Histological and histochemical imaging and colony-forming unit assays demonstrated that RETs in P. densiflora, mainly consisting of root-associated, cap-derived cells (AC-DCs) and large amounts of root mucilage, promote bacterial colonization in the rhizosphere, despite also having bactericidal activity via extracellular DNA. Four rhizobacterial strains retarded the mycelial growth of a pathogenic strain belonging to the Fusarium oxysporum species complex in dual culture assay. They also induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from host tree AC-DCs without being excluded from the rhizosphere of P. densiflora. Applying three Paraburkholderia strains, especially PM O-EM8 and PF T-NM22, showed significant differences in the ROS levels from the control group. These results reveal the indirect contributions of rhizobacteria to host root defense and suggest that root-associated bacteria could be a component of RETs as a first line of defense against root pathogens in the early growth stage of ECM woody plants.
Oral health status and oral habits of children and adolescents with hemophilia: a report from the children’s hemophilia comprehensive care center of China
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Guoqing , Wu Runhui , Yu Guoxia
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilic children in China has significantly improved. However, oral health conditions, which affect quality of life, haven’t received attention in this population. To explore the oral health status and oral hygiene of children and adolescents with hemophilia in the Children’s Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center of China. Dental and oral hygiene examinations were performed in children and adolescents with hemophilia who visited Beijing Children’s Hospital. DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth in permanent and primary teeth) was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) was used to evaluate the oral hygiene condition of the subjects. Questionnaires were completed by their parents. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 114 children and adolescents were enrolled. The caries prevalence was 57.4%, 72.2% and 41.2% in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions respectively. The filling rates were 14.4%, 13.9%, and 11.4%, respectively, and the OHI-S scores of the three dentition groups were 1.49 ± 0.46, 1.57 ± 0.43, and 1.76 ± 0.46, respectively. A total of 103 valid questionnaires were collected. Sixty-nine children (67%) didn’t brushed their teeth 2 times a day. Nearly half of the parents knew little about fluoride toothpaste. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that brushing teeth with the help of parents had a significant positive impact on OHI-S.

  Conclusion: Dental health was unsatisfactory among hemophilic children and adolescents. The caries filling rates were low. Patients and their parents did not give much attention to oral health.

What is Known:• Caries and gingivitis are the two main oral diseases that affect children with hemophilia.• However, the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with hemophilia have not received much attention in China.

What is New:• This is the first study concentrating on the dental health of children with hemophilia in China.• Dental health was unsatisfactory among children and adolescents with hemophilia in China.
Optimal transport methods for combinatorial optimization over two random point sets
Authors: Goldman Michael , Trevisan Dario
Published: November 2023

We investigate the minimum cost of a wide class of combinatorial optimization problems over random bipartite geometric graphs in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

where the edge cost between two points is given by a pth power of their Euclidean distance. This includes e.g. the travelling salesperson problem and the bounded degree minimum spanning tree. We establish in particular almost sure convergence, as n grows, of a suitable renormalization of the random minimum cost, if the points are uniformly distributed and $$d \ge 3, 1\le p<d$$

d
≥
3
,
1
≤
p
<
d

. Previous results were limited to the range $$p<d/2$$

p
<
d
/
2

. Our proofs are based on subadditivity methods and build upon new bounds for random instances of the Euclidean bipartite matching problem, obtained through its optimal transport relaxation and functional analytic techniques.
Computing Characteristic Polynomials of Hyperplane Arrangements with Symmetries
Authors: Brysiewicz Taylor , Eble Holger , Kühne Lukas
Published: November 2023

We introduce a new algorithm computing the characteristic polynomials of hyperplane arrangements which exploits their underlying symmetry groups. Our algorithm counts the chambers of an arrangement as a byproduct of computing its characteristic polynomial. We showcase our implementation, based on , on examples coming from hyperplane arrangements with applications to physics and computer science.
Longitudinal Analysis of Dysphagia and Factors Related to Postoperative Pneumonia in Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Kaneoka Asako , Inokuchi Haruhi , Ueha Rumi , Sato Taku , Goto Takao , Yamauchi Akihito , Seto Yasuyuki , Haga Nobuhiko
Published: November 2023

Few studies have quantified longitudinal changes in swallowing in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. This study longitudinally analyzed the changes in the Modified Barium Swallow Study Impairment Profile (MBSImP™) scores, swallowing kinematic measurements, and swallowing-related symptoms in patients undergoing esophagectomy. We also examined the association between identified swallowing impairment and aspiration pneumonia after surgery. We included consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy and completed laryngoscopy and videofluoroscopy before, two weeks, and three months after surgery. We analyzed physiological impairments using the MBSImP. We also assessed the swallowing kinematics on a 5 mL thickened liquid bolus at three time points. Vocal fold mobility was assessed using a laryngoscope. Repeated measures were statistically examined for longitudinal changes in swallowing function. The association between the significant changes identified after esophagectomy and aspiration pneumonia was tested. Twenty-nine patients were included in this study. Preoperative swallowing function was intact in all participants. The timing of swallowing initiation and opening of the pharyngoesophageal segment remained unchanged after surgery. Tongue base retraction and pharyngeal constriction ratio worsened two weeks after surgery but returned to baseline levels three months after surgery. Three months after surgery, hyoid displacement and vocal fold immobility did not fully recover. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in nine patients after surgery and was associated with postoperative MBSImP pharyngeal residue scores. Decreased hyoid displacement and vocal fold immobility were observed postoperatively and persisted for a long time. The postoperative pharyngeal residue was associated with pneumonia and thus should be appropriately managed after surgery.
Fluid assessment, fluid balance, and fluid overload in sick children: a report from the Pediatric Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference
Authors: Selewski David T. , Barhight Matthew F. , Bjornstad Erica C. , Ricci Zaccaria , de Sousa Tavares Marcelo , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Goldstein Stuart L. , Basu Rajit , Bagshaw Sean M. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus Committee Members, Alobaidi Rashid , Askenazi David J. , Barreto Erin , Bayrakci Benan , Bignall O. N. Ray , Brophy Patrick , Charlton Jennifer , Chanchlani Rahul , Conroy Andrea L. , Deep Akash , Devarajan Prasad , Dolan Kristin , Fuhrman Dana , Gist Katja M. , Gorga Stephen M. , Greenberg Jason H. , Hasson Denise , Heydari Emma , Iyengar Arpana , Jetton Jennifer , Krawczeski Catherine , Meigs Leslie , Menon Shina , Morgan Catherine , Morgan Jolyn , Mottes Theresa , Neumayr Tara , Soranno Danielle , Stanski Natalja , Starr Michelle , Sutherland Scott M. , Symons Jordan , Vega Molly , Zappitelli Michael , Ronco Claudio , Mehta Ravindra L. , Kellum John , Ostermann Marlies
Published: November 2023

Background

The impact of disorders of fluid balance, including the pathologic state of fluid overload in sick children has become increasingly apparent. With this understanding, there has been a shift from application of absolute thresholds of fluid accumulation to an appreciation of the intricacies of fluid balance, including the impact of timing, trajectory, and disease pathophysiology.

Methods

The 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative was the first to be exclusively dedicated to pediatric and neonatal acute kidney injury (pADQI). As part of the consensus panel, a multidisciplinary working group dedicated to fluid balance, fluid accumulation, and fluid overload was created. Through a search, review, and appraisal of the literature, summative consensus statements, along with identification of knowledge gaps and recommendations for clinical practice and research were developed.

Conclusions

The 26th pADQI conference proposed harmonized terminology for fluid balance and for describing a pathologic state of fluid overload for clinical practice and research. Recommendations include that the terms daily fluid balance, cumulative fluid balance, and percent cumulative fluid balance be utilized to describe the fluid status of sick children. The term fluid overload is to be preserved for describing a pathologic state of positive fluid balance associated with adverse events. Several recommendations for research were proposed including focused validation of the definition of fluid balance, fluid overload, and proposed methodologic approaches and endpoints for clinical trials.
Regionale Innovations- und Wirtschaftspolitik in Zeiten transformativen Wandels: Der CORIS-Ansatz als Orientierungsrahmen
Authors: Trippl Michaela , Benner Maximilian , Baumgartinger-Seiringer Simon
Published: November 2023

Unsere Zeit ist geprägt von multiplen Krisen wie dem Klimawandel, Pandemien, geopolitischen Unsicherheiten sowie der Zunahme sozialer und territorialer Ungleichheiten. Diese und andere große gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen machen einen umfassenden transformativen Wandel, also maßgebliche Umstellungen unserer Produktions- und Konsumptionsmuster, erforderlich. Die geänderten Kontextbedingungen haben auch weitreichende Implikationen für die regionale Innovations- und Wirtschaftspolitik. Etablierte Ansätze wie Clusterförderung oder intelligente Spezialisierung sind vorrangig auf die Förderung von regionalem Wirtschaftswachstum und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit fokussiert und damit für die Bewältigung drängender gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen unzureichend. Dieser Artikel plädiert dafür, regionale Innovations- und Wirtschaftspolitik neu auszurichten. Dieser kommt verstärkt die Aufgabe zu, die Initiierung und Beschleunigung territorialer Transformationsprozesse in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit aktiv zu unterstützen, gesellschaftlich wünschenswerte Innovationen zu fördern und gemeinsam mit anderen Akteuren alternative regionale Entwicklungsagenden zu gestalten. Dieser Artikel legt dar, wie der Ansatz der herausforderungsorientierten regionalen Innovationssysteme zu einer solchen Neuausrichtung der regionalen Innovations- und Wirtschaftspolitik beitragen kann und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Praxis ergeben. Als Beispiel für eine solche Neuausrichtung stellt der Artikel Aktivitäten zur Nachnutzung stillgelegter Industriestandorte im Rahmen des Projekts „RIS4Danu“ vor.
A Novel Transcatheter Device for the Edge-to-Edge Treatment of Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Salurso Eleonora , Perico Francesca , Pappalardo Fabio , Gard Marco , Antoniotti Matteo , Passanante Eugenio , Zanotti Daniele , De Bonis Michele , Alfieri Ottavio , Vismara Riccardo
Published: November 2023

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is the most common pathology of the tricuspid valve (TV), with significant mortality in severe cases. A well-established strategy to treat TR is represented by the clover surgical technique, which consists of stitching together the free edges of TV leaflets, producing a clover-shaped valvular orifice. Transcatheter treatments for TR constitute a valuable alternative for high-risk patients. In this work we investigated haemodynamic performances and safety of a novel device (StarTric device (STD)) aiming to perform the clover technique via percutaneous access. To assess haemodynamic performances, STD and clover were applied on porcine pathological TVs and tested. Fluid dynamic indexes of both strategies were compared to the pathological model. To evaluate device safety, forces exchanged between device and leaflets were compared to the extraction force (EF) required to STD to completely pass through the leaflet. Clover technique and STD induced a comparable TV backflow reduction (48% and 47%, respectively), with associated increase of TV flow in all tested conditions. Diastolic transvalvular pressure similarly increased indicating a reduction, though not significant, of the valvular orifice. Forces ranged from 1N to 1.71N, compared to an EF of 22.16 ± 8.6N. Force varied significantly amongst different working conditions (normotensive, mild, and severe hypertensive) for each leaflet, whilst no significative variation was found on different leaflets in the same working condition. In the adopted experimental scenario, STD demonstrated comparable efficacy to the surgical strategy in restoring TV haemodynamic. The forces acting on the leaflets following STD implantation were far lower when compared to EFs.
The ATR inhibitor berzosertib acts as a radio- and chemosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Schnoell Julia , Sparr Carmen , Al-Gboore Sega , Haas Markus , Brkic Faris F. , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Heiduschka Gregor , Jank Bernhard J.
Published: November 2023

Alterations in the DNA damage response play a crucial role in radio- and chemoresistance of neoplastic cells. Activation of the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway is an important DNA damage response mechanism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Berzosertib, a selective ATR inhibitor, shows promising radio- and chemosensitizing effects in preclinical studies and is well tolerated in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of berzosertib treatment in combination with radiation and cisplatin in HNSCC. The HNSCC cell lines Cal-27 and FaDu were treated with berzosertib alone and in combination with radiation or cisplatin. Cell viability and clonogenic survival were evaluated. The effect of combination treatment was evaluated with the SynergyFinder or combination index. Apoptosis was assessed via measurement of caspase 3/7 activation and migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay. Berzosertib treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis. The IC50 of berzosertib treatment after 72 h was 0.25–0.29 µM. Combination with irradiation treatment led to a synergistic increase in radiosensitivity and a synergistic or additive decrease in colony formation. The combination of berzosertib and cisplatin decreased cell viability in a synergistic manner. Additionally, berzosertib inhibited migration at high doses. Berzosertib displays a cytotoxic effect in HNSCC at clinically relevant doses. Further evaluation of combination treatment with irradiation and cisplatin is strongly recommended in HNSCC patients as it may hold the potential to overcome treatment resistance, reduce treatment doses and thus mitigate adverse events.
Mosquitoes and Potatoes: How Local Climatic Conditions Impede Development
Authors: Malpede Maurizio , Falchetta Giacomo , Shayegh Soheil
Published: November 2023

The historical diffusion of the potato in the Old World serves as an example of the contribution of technological innovations to socio-economic growth and development (Nunn and Qian in Q J Econ 126(2):593–650, 2011). Climate-related diseases, on the other hand, might offset some of these benefits. Here we examine the long-term impact of malaria on the potato-driven growth of the population and urbanization in the Old World during the 18th and 19th centuries. We exploit local variations in environmental suitability both for potato and for malaria transmission to estimate and compare the impact of potato cultivation on population and urbanization in highly endemic to non-endemic areas at a high level of spatial disaggregation. We show that local climate conditions ideal for malaria transmission counteracted the potential benefits of introducing the potato to the Old World, which are conversely found to be strong and positive in non-endemic regions. These results highlight the interplay between technological change, public health, and development outcomes.
Logical Instrumentalism and Anti-exceptionalism about Logic
Authors: Commandeur Leon
Published: November 2023

This paper critically examines logical instrumentalism as it has been put forth recently in the anti-exceptionalism about logic debate. I will argue that if one wishes to uphold the claim that logic is significantly similar to science, as the anti-exceptionalists have it, then logical instrumentalism cannot be what previous authors have taken it to be. The reason for this, I will argue, is that as the position currently stands, first, it reduces to a trivial claim about the instrumental value of logical systems, and second, by its denial that logic aims to account for extra-systemic phenomena it significantly differs from science, in contrast with the AEL agenda. I will conclude by proposing a different kind of logical instrumentalism that I take to have a broad appeal, but especially for anti-exceptionalists, for it is developed as analogous to—and thus much closer aligned with—scientific instrumentalism.
Comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Persea americana Mill. fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI–MS/MS and anti-arthritic evaluation using adjuvant-induced arthritis model
Authors: Waly Dina Atef , Zeid Aisha Hussein Abou , Attia Hanan Naeim , Ahmed Kawkab A. , El-Kashoury El-Sayeda Ahmed , El Halawany Ali Mahmoud , Mohammed Reda Sayed
Published: November 2023

Persea americana Mill. (avocado fruit) has many health benefits when added to our diet due to various pharmacological activities, such as preventing bone loss and inflammation, modulating immune response and acting as an antioxidant. In the current study, the total ethanol extract (TEE) of the fruit was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity via DPPH and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Biological evaluation of the antiarthritic effect of the fruit extract was further investigated in vivo using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model, where the average percentages of body weight change, inhibition of paw edema, basal paw diameter/weight and spleen index were estimated for all animal groups. Inflammatory mediators such as serum IL-6 and TNF-α were also determined, in addition to histopathological examination of the dissected limbs isolated from all experimental animals. Eighty-one metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were detected in the TEE of P. americana fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI–MS/MS. Two classes of lyso-glycerophospholipids; lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines and lysoglycerophosphocholines were detected for the first time in avocado fruit in the positive mode. The TEE of fruit exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic activity of the fruit TEE improved paw parameters, inflammatory mediators and spleen index. Histopathological findings showed marked improvements in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Therefore, avocado fruit could be proposed to be a powerful antioxidant and antiarthritic natural product.
Five-year follow-up of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central hole for correction of myopia
Authors: Lwowski Christoph , Van Keer Karel , Ruscher Tim , Van Keer Luisa , Shajari Mehdi , Kohnen Thomas
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To evaluate intermediate and long-term visual outcomes and safety of a phakic intraocular posterior chamber lens with a central hole (ICL V4c) for myopic eyes.

Methods

Retrospective, consecutive case study of patients that uneventfully received a ICL V4c for myopia correction, with a 5-year postoperative follow-up. Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.

Results

From 241 eyes that underwent ICL implantation, we included 45 eyes with a mean age at surgery of 33 years ± 6 (18–48 years), with a 5 years follow-up. CDVA improved from 0.05logMAR ± 0.15 CDVA preoperatively to  − 0.00 ± 0,07 at 5 years and did not change significantly from 3 to 5 years’ time (p = 0.266). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) improved from -10.13D ± 3.39 to  − 0.45D ± 0.69. The change in endothelial cell count showed a mean decrease of 1.9% per year throughout the follow-up. Safety and efficacy index were 1.16 and 0.78, respectively. Cataract formation was seen in 2 of 241 eyes (0.8%), but in none of the 45 eyes that finished the 5-year follow-up.

Conclusions

Our data show a good intermediate and long-term stability, efficiency, and safety of ICL V4c phakic lenses in myopic eyes comparable to other known literature.
Seismological study around the Enguri dam reservoir (Georgia) based on old catalogs and ongoing monitoring
Authors: Karamzadeh Nasim , Tsereteli Nino , Gaucher Emmanuel , Tugushi Nazi , Shubladze Tamar , Varazanashvili Otar , Rietbrock Andreas
Published: November 2023

In the frame of the DAMAST (Dams and Seismicity) project, we deployed a dense high-fidelity seismological real-time network to investigate in detail the spatio-temporal seismicity distribution around the Enguri high dam, situated in the greater Caucasus in western Georgia. We aim at recording the weak seismicity in a 10 km distance around the dam structure. To lower the detection threshold by reducing the ambient background noise, we installed four seismic stations in shallow (ca. 20 m) and deep boreholes. From these stations, KIT1 with a depth of ca. 250 m is the deepest seismological station in Georgia. In this paper, we characterize the seismicity recorded by the local seismic network from October 2020 to July 2022. To have a better historical picture of the seismic activity, especially since the dam construction and initial operations, re-processing of the old seismological catalogs was carried out. This required digitizing the paper-only catalog copies prior to relocation. We finally obtain a uniform catalog for the Enguri region to characterize the seismicity and start investigating its possible relationship with the exploitation of the dam reservoirs.
A micro-level study of research impact and motivational diversity
Authors: Vega Arturo , Gabbioneta Claudia , Osorio Carlos , Cunningham James
Published: November 2023

What motivates academics to pursue technology and knowledge transfer has been a growing area of research with recent calls for a deeper understanding of this issue. Technology and knowledge transfer are being positioned by policymakers and universities as part of the wider research impact agenda. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to explore at a micro level the motivational diversity among academics in pursuing research impact. Set in a business school context, our study uses self-determination theory and an interpretive approach. We focus on the main motivations to be an academic in terms of the core psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, the consequent intrinsic or extrinsic motivations for research impact, and the attitudes towards institutional measures for this practice. We identified six research impact groups, practice-oriented researchers, business seekers, instrumentalists, compliers, theoreticians, and relationship facilitators. We also found some friction between the motivations to be an academic and for research impact.
Intercomparison exercise on difficult to measure alpha radionuclides in spent ion exchange resin
Authors: Leskinen Anumaija , Jerome Simon , Lavonen Tiina , Gautier Celine , Stordal Solveig , Salminen-Paatero Susanna , Meriläinen Veronika
Published: November 2023

In radiochemical analysis of decommissioning waste, reference materials are not commercially available and consequently intercomparison exercises are needed for method validations. This paper reports the results from an intercomparison exercise focusing on analyses of α-emitter radionuclides in spent ion exchange resin. The exercise and statistical analysis of the submitted results were carried out based on ISO 13528 standard according to which the assigned values were calculated from the participant’s results and the performances were assessed using z-scores, which showed excellent performance for all 241Am analyses, good performance for 238Pu analyses, tolerable performance for 239,240Pu analyses, and questionable 243,244Cm analyses.
Investigating frictional contact behavior for soft material robot simulations
Authors: Berthold Rebecca , Burgner-Kahrs Jessica , Wangenheim Matthias , Kahms Stephanie
Published: November 2023

The ability to interact safely with the environment is known as one of the major advantages of soft robots (SRs). Due to their low material stiffness, these continuously deformable robots offer inherent flexibility. These advantages make them suitable for application that involve human-robot collaboration in industrial settings as well as medical application such as minimally invasive surgery. To date only few research groups have analyzed the contact and frictional behavior of soft robots. In fact, the contact behavior is often oversimplified or neglected. Motivated by the idea to bridge this gap, this work presents measurements and the resulting coefficient of friction (COF) for silicone rubbers that are widely used in the field of SRs and different contact partners which depend on contact pressure and ambient temperature. From these measurements, a more representative contact model is established and used to more accurately simulate soft material robots’ frictional contact behavior. Moreover the influence of friction and therefore the need to implement frictional behavior is demonstrated for a typical application of a SR.
Effectiveness of Fiscal Announcements: Early Evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Jalles João Tovar , Battersby Bryn , Lee Rachel
Published: November 2023

This paper empirically examines the effectiveness of announced government fiscal measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we build a new panel dataset of fiscal announcements by type, such as above-the line, below-the-line, and contingent liabilities for a wide sample of 136 advanced and developing countries between January 2020 and May 2021. Then, using this newly constructed dataset, we show, using both static and dynamic panel analyses, how various types of fiscal announcements affect alternative proxies of economic activity and across different income groups. We also evaluate how these effects vary depending on the country’s initial conditions (degree of public indebtedness or the business cycle positioning). Fiscal announcements also matter in terms of external credibility since they have an effect on government bond spreads. Ultimately, our findings suggest why it might be critical to consider the “news” effect of a fiscal measure by type rather than at the aggregated level.
Does response lag affect travelers’ stated preference? Evidence from a real-time stated adaptation survey
Authors: Fujiwara Keishi , Varghese Varun , Chikaraishi Makoto , Maruyama Takuya , Fujiwara Akimasa
Published: November 2023

Stated preference (SP) surveys typically ask respondents to make a choice under a hypothetical situation. However, the choice context is often unrealistic, leading to errors and biases in the response. To overcome this, revealed preference (RP) data has been used to create a more realistic choice context for generating SP questions. For instance, in stated adaptation (SA) surveys, users are asked to answer SP questions based on a specific RP context they actually experienced. One challenge in SA surveys is that it is difficult for the respondents to precisely recall the RP context, especially when there is a longer time gap between RP behavior and SP response (response lag). However, no empirical studies have been conducted to test how elicited preferences vary in response to changes in the response lag. This study empirically examines the impact of response lag on SP responses using real-time SA survey data collected from Kumamoto and Hiroshima, Japan. To accomplish this, we developed a survey tool that enables respondents to answer SP questions in real time, i.e., immediately after their RP behavior. The empirical results confirmed that systematic bias increases with an increase in response lag. Additionally, the results showed that the greater the response lag, the more respondents tended to focus on the SP attributes rather than the RP attributes. These findings indicate that the timing of responses is an important survey design parameter when conducting an SA survey.