bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Ag-Sheathed Bi2223 Tapes with Interfilamentary Resistive Barriers for Reducing AC Losses
Authors: Oota Akio , Inada Ryoji , Iwata Yoshitaka , Nakamura Yuichi , Zhang Ping Xiang
Published: March 2009

Ag-sheathed Bi2223 composite tapes with interfilamentary resistive barriers were
successfully fabricated by using a powder-in-tube (PIT) method and their AC loss properties at 77 K
are evaluated. The mixture of Ca2CuO3 and 30 wt% Bi2212 was used as the barrier material for tape
fabrication to make an electromagnetic decoupling between the filaments. The barrier layers formed
on all surfaces of hexagonal monocore wires by a dip-coating method, and several pieces of the coated
wires were stacked and inserted into an Ag tube. Subsequently, the composites deformed into tape
shape and subjected to a standard process consisting of a flat rolling and sintering. Degradations in
the Jc values at 77 K and self-field by introducing the barriers were estimated to be at most 15%. The
transverse resistivity and AC loss properties under AC external magnetic fields for the barrier tapes
were examined and compared with those for the tape without barriers. The results showed that an
introduction of Ca2CuO3 barriers was effective to suppress the electromagnetic coupling among the
filaments and also to reduce the magnetization losses under parallel transverse field. The fabrication
of the barrier tapes on the order of several meters, together with the uniformity of superconducting
properties along a length direction has been also presented.
Artificial Nano-Scale Precipitates for Flux Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-δ Thin Films and Coated Conductors
Authors: Cai C. , Zhang J. , Lu Y. , Hänisch Hänisch , Hühne Ruben , Holzapfel B.
Published: March 2009

By controlling pulse number of laser ablation, we prepared a series of quasi-multilayers of
YBa2Cu3O7-δ/M (M=incomplete oxide layer) namely 70×(40/n) (n = 2, 5, 10 and 20, pulse number of
M) which were characterised with nano-scale precipitates. While the texture properties of Y123
inside qusi-multilayer hardly change, its Tc appeared much different depending on the doping level of
M. X-ray θ-2θ scanning and pole figures indicated that the different growth-controlled precipitates
occured inside Y123 films. In the case of M=YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia), nanosized perovskite
precipitates of BaZrO3 formed as a result of solid state reaction of YSZ with Y123, leading to Tc
obviously decreasing with increasing of n. In the case of M=Y2O3, however, Tc did not decrease so
much at the studied range of n due to no solid state reaction mentioned above. Magneto-transport and
field angular dependence showed that the critical current density in films with lower doping content
(such as n = 2) was improved in large ranges of field and temperature, suggesting tailorable
enhancement and anisotropy of flux pinning force.
A New Series of Potential Buffer Layers for REBCO Coated Conductor
Authors: Pu Ming Hua , Li Guo , Du Xiao Hua , Zhang Yan Bing , Zhou Hua Ming , Sun Rui Ping , Wang Zu Qiang , Zhao Yong
Published: March 2009

A new series of ReBiO3 (RBO, Re=Y, Sm or other lanthanide) layers have been prepared
on single crystal LaAlO3 or SrTiO3 respectively by a low-cost chemical solution deposition (CSD)
method, and their structures have been investigated. With deferent Re element, the ReBiO3 phase has
a similar cubic lattice with the pseudo-cubic lattice parameter a’ of about 3.81~3.94Å, which is
closely matched to that of the ReBa2Cu3Ox (RBCO). In addition, these ReBiO3 phase are stable when
they are sintered on 750~1050°C. After annealed below 850°C in air, highly c-axis oriented
ReBiO3 layers can be formed on the (100) plane of single crystal LaAlO3 or SrTiO3. Observed under
SEM, these layers appear very dense, smooth, pinhole-free and crack-free morphology. With the
matched lattice parameter, lower annealing temperature, good grain-orientation and smooth surface,
ReBiO3 layers should be candidates for the buffer layers of RBCO coated conductor. As a proof, a
superconducting layer of YBCO has been deposited also by a CSD approach on one of these layers
and show good texture and expected superconductivity.
Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Microstructures and Critical Current Densities of PMP-Processed YBCO Bulks with Submicron Y2BaCuO5 Particles
Authors: Chen Shao Kai , Zhou Lian , Wang K.G. , Zhang Ping Xiang , Feng Y. , Wen H.H. , Li S.L.
Published: March 2009

YBCO bulks with submicron Y2BaCuO5 particles have been prepared under oxygen partial
pressures of 0.21atm and 1atm, respectively, by the powder melting process (PMP). The
microstructures, oxygen contents and critical current densities of the samples have been investigated.
The results showed that the sample grown under P(O2) = 1 atm contained Y2BaCuO5 particles with a
little bigger average size and had a slightly higher density of stacking faults than the one prepared
under P(O2) = 0.21 atm. Oxygen content measurements indicated that the as-grown sample under
P(O2) = 1 atm had a higher oxygen content. After post-annealing in flowing oxygen, the oxygen
content of the P(O2) = 1 atm sample was still higher than that of the P(O2) = 0.21 atm sample. They
were examined to be 6.94 and 6.88 with X-ray diffraction for the two oxygenated samples,
respectively. Magnetization measurements have been performed on the two types of oxygenated
samples and critical current densities (Jc) have been calculated based on the extended Bean critical
state model. The P(O2) = 0.21 atm sample exhibits Jc values of 5.47×105 A/cm2 and 2.22×104 A/cm2
in 1 T magnetic field at 20K and 77K, respectively. The P(O2) = 1 atm sample, meanwhile, has Jc
values of 9.46×105 A/cm2 and 1.47×104 A/cm2 in 1 T magnetic field at 20K and 77K, respectively.
Moreover, at 20K, the Jc of the P(O2) = 1 atm sample is higher than that of the P(O2) = 0.21 atm
sample in an applied magnetic field up to 5 T. At 77K, however, the Jc of the P(O2) = 1 atm sample
drops more quickly than that of the P(O2) = 0.21 atm sample. The mechanisms of the different
microstructures, oxygen contents and magnetic field dependence behaviors of Jc for the two kinds of
samples have been discussed.
Effect of Ultrafine Gd211 on Processing and Superconducting Properties of Gdbacuo Bulk Superconductors
Authors: Jiao Y.L. , Xiao L. , Zheng M.H. , Ma X.H. , Su Xin Tai , Yan Qing Zhi
Published: March 2009

GdBaCuO bulk superconductors from precursors of Gd123 and ultrafine Gd211 powder
have been fabricated by melt-textured-growth method in air. The ultrafine Gd211 powder was
synthesized by an improved Pechini method. It was found that the lower temperature of synthesizing
ultrafine Gd211 powder, the higher peritectic reaction temperature of GdBaCuO bulk
superconductors. Jc reaches 4.7×104 A/cm2 at 77 K and self-field for ultrafine Gd211 starting
particles with 0.2μm in diameter, and higher compared to larger Gd211 starting particles fabricated
by solid state reaction. However, a large secondary peak effect did not appeared at Jc-B curves. ,
Effects of Aluminum Content on the As-Cast Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-xAl-0.7Si Based Alloys
Authors: Yang Ming Bo , Pan Fu Sheng , Bai Liang , Cheng Ren Ju
Published: March 2009

The effects of the Al content on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of
Mg-xAl-0.7Si based magnesium alloys which contained 1%Zn, 0.25%Mn, 0.4%Sb and 0.25%RE
were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray
diffraction(XRD) analysis and tensile testing. The results indicated that the effects of the Al content
from 6% to 8% on the alloy phase types of the experimental alloys were not obvious, and the as-cast
microstructure of the experimental alloys with different Al content were composed mainly of the
α-Mg matrix, Mg17Al12 phase, Mg2Si phase and Mg3Sb2 phase. The Chinese script morphology of the
Mg2Si phase was very obvious in the experimental alloy with 6%Al. With the increase of Al content
from 6% to 8%, the yield strength of the experimental Mg-xA1-0.7Si based alloys at room
temperature increased, but the yield strength of the experimental Mg-xA1-0.7Si based alloys at 150
°C decreased.
Round Multifilament Bi-2212/Ag Wire Development for High Field Magnet Applications
Authors: Miao Han Ping , Marken Kenneth R. , Meinesz Maarten , Czabaj Boleslaw , Hong Seung
Published: March 2009

Development efforts at Oxford Superconducting Technology (OST) have recently been
aimed at manufacturing long length round wires with improvement of transport properties for high
field magnet applications. Recently, significant improvements in the JE and Jc performance have been
achieved by optimizing the starting precursor composition, the deformation processes, and the heat
treatments. The highest JE of 1580 A/mm2 (Jc of 6140 A/mm2) at 4.2 K, 0 T, JE of 420 A/mm2 at 4.2 K,
31 T and JE of 312 A/mm2 at 20 K, 2 T were obtained in 0.81 mm wire with the optimized condition.
In addition, significant progress on braided insulation has been made for enabling a robust procedure
for wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils. Ic and generated field have been measured in a series of
such coils of increasing dimensions. In this paper the progress on the development of Bi-2212 round
wires and coils will be reported.
Textured YBCO Films Derived from Low-Fluorine-Content Solution
Authors: Chen Yuan Qing , Zhao Gao Yang , Lei Li , Chen Di Chun
Published: March 2009

with yttrium, barium, copper acetates as starting materials, a low-fluorine-content
solution was prepared. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films on LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrates were
fabricated by a new TFA-MOD method. Solution-derived YBCO films exhibited epitaxial growth,
which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The humidity of the furnace atmosphere during
annealing process influences the texture of YBCO film. Under high-humidity of furnace
atmosphere, a-oriented grains, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
were generated on film surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),
however, indicated that although a-axis oriented grains formed on the film surface, c-axis oriented
grains occupied the area near the YBCO/LAO interface. High-performance YBCO films with Tc
above 90K, and Jc more than 106A/cm2 at 77 K and zero magnetic field were obtained.
The Effects of BaF2 Addition on Melt-Processed YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconductors
Authors: Feng Jian Qing , Zhou Lian , Lu Ya Feng , Zhang Ping Xiang , Xu Xiao Yan , Chen Shao Kai , Zhang Cui Ping
Published: March 2009

The effects of BaF2 on thermal behavior and microstructure of melt-processed YBCO
superconductors have been investigated. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results indicated
that the peritectic decomposition temperature of YBCO precursor powder was lowered when BaF2
was added (from 1020 to 976). The peritectic decomposition temperature was lowest at the
content of 5 wt.% BaF2, and the variation of melting temperature was not significant above 5 wt.%
BaF2. The microstructures of the doped samples have been observed by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). The results showed that the

of BaF2

microstructure .
Performance of Gd-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor Bulks with Ultrafine Gd2BaCuO5 Powders Prepared by Low-Temperature Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Ma X.H. , Su Xin Tai , Yan Qing Zhi , Jiao Y.L. , Xiao L. , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

This paper describes the details on synthesizing nanocrystalline Gd2BaCuO5 (Gd211) using
low-temperature combustion synthesis(LCS). The morphology and structure of the powders are
characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and XRD. The size of
obtained powders by this method calcined at 800 C is about 100nm, which is much smaller than the
powders synthesizing by conventional solid state route. Besides, the Gd211 powders synthesizing by
LCS have a low calcination temperature with a high-purity. The microstructure of melt-textured
samples is also observed by FESEM, the result shows that the size of Gd211 particles trapped in
GdBa2Cu3O7 (Gd123) matrix could be refined by using ultrafine Gd211 powder as a precursor. The
refined Gd211 particles with a good distribution resulted in the improvement of Jc values in this
system.
Effects of γ-Ray Irradiation on Structure and Properties of ZnO:Al Thin Film
Authors: Wang Wen Wen , Wang Tian Min
Published: March 2009

ZnO:Al(ZAO) thin film is a kind of transparent conductive functional material which has a
potential application in the solar cell and Atom Oxygen resisting systems of spacecrafts. High
performance ZAO thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering and then irradiated by
γ-ray with different dose or rate of irradiation. The as-deposited sample and irradiated ones were
characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Hall-effect measurement to
investigate the dependences of the structure, morphology and electrical properties of ZAO on the dose
and rate of γ-ray irradiation. Measurement of Positron Annihilation Doppler-Broadening
Spectroscopy was carried out to study the variation of the defects in ZAO thin films before and after
irradiation. It is indicated that γ-ray will excite the carriers, which are electrons in ZAO. A high rate of
γ-ray irradiation could slightly destroy the bonds of Zn-O and decrease the crystallinity, while the
effect of low rate irradiation is similar to heat annealing and increase the crystallinity of ZAO thin
films. γ-ray has no apparent influences on the negative vacancy defects in ZAO thin film.
Advanced Giant Magnetostrictive Alloys and Application in Actuators for Active Vibration Control
Authors: Jiang Cheng Bao , Xu Li Hong , Zhang Tian Li , Ma Tian Yu
Published: March 2009

Co and Si were selected as substitutes to improve performance of TbDyFe giant
magnetostrictive alloys for special purpose, respectively. The results showed that the Co-doped
Tb0.36Dy0.64Fe2 alloys can possess giant magnetostriction over a wide temperature range from -80 to
100 . Optimum magnetostriction, high electrical resistivity and improved corrosion resistance was
obtained in Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xSix)1.95 system. High performance grain-aligned rods with <110> preferred
orientation have been successfully prepared by zone melting unidirectional solidification. This paper
also presents the design and fabrication of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator (GMA) for active
vibration control with oriented TbDyFe rods. Experimental results showed that the GMA possesses
good static and dynamic performance. Excellent damping effect, 20-30 dB under the frequency range
from 10 Hz to 120 Hz was obtained.
Effects of Non-Flux Purification on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31+xCa Mg Alloy
Authors: Wu Guo Hua , Kang Seung Hun , You Bong Sun , Yim Chang Dong , Su Jang Rang
Published: March 2009

The effects of non-flux purification on the mechanical properties, microstructure and
fracture pattern of AZ31+xCa magnesium alloys have been studied. The results show that the
purification process of ceramic foam filters incorporating gas bubbling process can improve
obviously the ultimate tensile strength σb and elongation δ of AZ31 alloy. With 20ppi MgO filter
incorporating gas bubbling treatment under Ar flow rate of 2 l/min and temperature of 730°C, the σb
and δ of AZ31 can be improved from 144.6MPa and 5.21% to 180.8MPa and 9.06% by 25% and
73.9%, respectively. Addition of 0.13%Ca to magnesium can not only increase the strength but also
improve the elongation. With the further increase of more than 0.13% Ca content, the strength and
elongation decrease. The experimental results show that under low Ca content, filtration purification
process can greatly improve the σb and δ of AZ31+xCa alloy. However, with the increase of Ca
content, the filtration effects decrease. The effective sequence of different filters is as follows: 20ppi
MgO>20ppi Al2O3>10ppi MgO>10ppi Al2O3.
Fuzzy Dynamic Model of a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator
Authors: Mao Jian Qin , Ding Hai Shan , Ma Yan Hua
Published: March 2009

In this paper, an intelligent modeling method, which is based on the Tree-Structured fuzzy
inference system, is proposed for building a fuzzy dynamic model of a giant magnetostrictive
actuator. In this new method, a series-parallel frame is introduced to transform the multi-valued
mapping of the hysteresis into a one-to-one mapping so that the fuzzy technique can be used to
approximate the characteristic of the hysteresis. The proposed model has a simple architecture, which
is of low computational load and can adapt to different operating conditions. Compared the
calculating results with the experimental ones, it is found that the fuzzy dynamic model is able to well
reproduce the dynamic behavior of the giant magnetostrictive actuator across a wide frequency band
(below 30Hz).
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Structure in Vitreous Silica with COMPASS Force Field at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Ding Yuan Fa , Zhang Yue , Zhang Fan Wei , Zhang Da Hai , Li Zhong Ping
Published: March 2009

Vitreous silica, as high temperature resistant material, has not been completely studied with
the influence of extreme working conditions due to experimental limitations. In this work, the
structure correlations of vitreous silica were investigated by molecular dynamics method at elevated
temperatures from 0 K to 4000 K. COMPASS force field was firstly used in simulating vitreous silica.
The temperature dependence of volume for vitreous silica was studied and a maximum of volume was
found. The calculated density and the thermal expansion coefficient are close to experimental results.
The evolutions of structure in thermal history were discussed in detail. The correlations between the
average Si-O bond length and the Si-O-Si bond angle is shown in agreement with the studies used
other potentials in literatures. It is proved that the COMPASS force field is appropriate for simulating
vitreous silica in some extent, especially in depicting the Si-O interaction and the [SiO4] tetrahedron.
Finally, the origin of the volume maxima was discussed based on the analysis of the structure.
Study of the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Superlattices from First-Principles
Authors: Lu Shuo , Shang Jia Xiang , Zhang Yue
Published: March 2009

The structure and magnetic properties of fcc-Fe/Cu (100) superlattices have been
investigated by the first-principles total energy calculation based on density functional theory (DFT).
Through the optimization of the structure of Fe/Cu superlattices, it has been found that the interlayer
spacing of Cu layers is contracted while the interlayer spacing of Fe layers is expanded. There are no
obviously changes of Fe/Cu interfaces for Fe3Cu3 and Fe3Cu5 models. The layer spacing for Fe3Cu5
changes larger than that of Fe3Cu3 model, which results to a slightly larger magnetic moment of
FeCu5 than that of Fe3Cu3 model. We also analyze the density of state near the Fermi surface and
calculate spin asymmetry factor of each layer in Fe/Cu systems. Based on the two-current model, we
evaluate the magnetoresistance ratio 21.8% for Fe3Cu3 and 22.8 % for Fe3Cu5 system.
Synthesis and Low Temperature Magnetic Properties of Metal Elements Filled Polymer-Derived SiCN Ceramic Composites
Authors: Yan Xue , Cheng Xiao Nong , Li Chang Sheng , Hauser Ralf , Riedel Ralf
Published: March 2009

The metal elements, such as Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Ni-Mn, Co-Mn and Fe-Mn, were mixed and
milled with pre-cross-linked polysilazane Ceraset® and subsequent pyrolysis. The metals act as active
fillers to increase the density of composite. The phases and microstructures of metal/ceramic
composites were studied using XRD, SEM and EDS, and the magnetic property was measured with
Magnetic Property Measurement System at –196oC. The results show that there are two main domains
in composites, one is metal-rich domain and another is metal-poor domain. The density of composite
is larger than that of polymer-derived SiCN ceramic, but the hardness varies little. The compound
generated by the reaction between metal and matrix has great effect on the magnetic properties of
composites, which are filled with different metals.
A New Bulk Deformation Method – Cyclic Extrusion
Authors: Zhang J.
Published: March 2009

Cyclic extrusion is a new bulk deformation method. It consists of two steps. In the first step
a part of the work piece will be indirectly extruded. In the second step the extruded part will be
backwards pressed into the bulk again so that the original shape of the work piece is retained. Similar
to ECAP, cyclic extrusion can be repeated many times without shape change. On the other hand,
cyclic extrusion can be applied locally on a work piece so that local grain refining or work hardening
is possible. Magnesium alloy AZ31 was cyclically extruded at 400 °C with different tools. The grain
size was refined from 800 +m to 15 +m. The local grain refining in the surface zone with cyclic
extrusion improved the rollability of cast AZ31. Pure aluminium specimens were cyclically extruded
up to 2.5 times, which corresponds to a deformation degree of -7. The microstructure changes were
examined with EBSD.
Effects of Extrusion on the Mechanical Properties and Damping Capacity of Mg-1.8Cu-0.5Mn Alloy
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yan , Peng Li Ming , Zeng Xiao Qin , Du Lin , Ma Lan , Ding Wen Jiang
Published: March 2009

Effects of extrusion on mechanical properties and damping capacity of Mg-1.8wt.%Cu
-0.5wt.%Mn (MCM1805) alloy have been investigated. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical
analyzer were respectively used to measure tensile properties and damping capacity at room
temperature of as-cast and as-extruded MCM1805 alloy. The microstructure was studied using optical
microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometer. Granato-Lücke model was used to explain the influences of extrusion on damping
capacity of MCM1805 alloy. The results showed that extrusion dramatically decreases the grain size
but has little influence on phase composition and solute atoms concentration of MCM1805 alloy, and
the grain refinement was the dominant reason for the obvious increase of tensile properties and
decrease of internal friction of MCM1805 alloy.
Compressive Deformation of Cast AM60B Mg Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Cao Han Xue , Long Si Yuan , Liao Hui Min
Published: March 2009

The deformability of cast AM60B Mg alloy is investigated by compressing AM60B cast
ingots at elevated temperatures. The empirical results show that cast AM60B Mg alloy was brittle at
room temperature and prone to cracking during compression, however at the temperatures ranging
from 573 to 673K, excellent deformability is demonstrated with around 70% compression ratio. The
compressive deformation constitutive equation for AM60B Mg alloy at elevated temperatures was
established. The stress-strain relationships predicted at elevated temperatures show good agreement
with experimental findings.
A Preliminary Analysis on Compression Twins in Magnesium
Authors: Yang Ping , Meng Li , Xie Q.G. , Cui F.E.
Published: March 2009

Basal slip and tension twinning are dominant deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline
magnesium at low temperature. However, fracture originates mainly from compression twins or shear
bands developed from compression twins. This work compared firstly the morphological difference
of two types of twins. Then, the dependence of different deformation mechanisms on initial
orientations is computed by Schmid factor analysis and compared with measured matrix orientations
of twins. Finally, orientation relationships of compression twins with matrices are determined using
EBSD technique and compared with theoretical value.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Gd-Based Alloy Reinforced by Quasicrystals and Laves Phase
Authors: Liu Yong , Yuan Guang Yin , Lu Chen , Ding Wen Jiang
Published: March 2009

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg95.9Zn3.5Gd0.6 and
Mg94.4Zn3.5Gd0.6Cu1.5 alloys reinforced by icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) and Laves
phase has been studied after extrusion at 573K. Extrusion can significantly refined the I-phase and
Laves phase, and the strengthening effect of I-phase and Laves phase has been analyzed. Large
volume of icosahedral phase in Mg95.9Zn3.5Gd0.6 has important role in its high UTS and elongation
due to strong bonding effect at the I-phase/matrix interface for low interface energy. The Laves phase
with cubic topological and close-packed structure in Mg94.4Zn3.5Gd0.6Cu1.5 alloy result in the higher
heat resistance at elevated temperatures.
Effects of Homogenization on the Formability of ZM21 Alloy
Authors: Peng Jian , Pan Fu Sheng , Zhou Ming , Ding Pei Dao
Published: March 2009

The effects of homogenization on the formability for hot deformation of ZM21 wrought
magnesium alloys was investigated. The alloys were produced by semi-continuous casting.
Experiments including homogenizing annealing, micro-hardness testing and hot compress testing on
Gleeble 1500D thermal simulator were carried out. The suggested homogenization parameters from
the experimental results for ZM21 alloy is 400C×12h.
Status and Development of Magnesium Alloy Thin Strip Casting
Authors: Ding Pei Dao , Jiang Bin , Wang Jian , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: March 2009

Conventional production process of magnesium alloy strips involves many steps,
including multi-hot rolling and multi-heat treatment, which is time-consuming and needs high energy
cost. By use of thin strip casting, magnesium alloy cast strip with a thickness of less than 8mm can be
produced and then rolled to the strip of the needed thickness, which is a short, energy saving and high
effective process. In this paper, development of magnesium alloy strips prepared by single and twin
roll casting has been summarized. Existing problems have been discussed and its development
trends pointed out. Magnesium alloy strips prepared by single roll casting are suitable for
Mg-based functional materials but not for structural materials because of low quality or high cost.
Horizontal twin roll casting of magnesium alloy, based on aluminium alloy thin strip casting, has
been industrialized in Australia and is close to industrialization in China. Vertical twin roll casting of
magnesium alloy, based on steel thin strip casting, can reach a speed of more than 30m/min and
higher productivity, but the process stability is lower and its research and development is just
beginning. Horizontal twin roll casting should be developed for the thicker cast strip, more than 4mm
thick, while vertical twin roll casting for the thinner, less than 4mm.
Effects of Zn on Mechanical Properties of MZK60 Wrought Alloy
Authors: Zhang Ding Fei , Ren Li Ping , Zhang Hong Ju , Yuang Wei
Published: March 2009

Developing new alloys and techniques is important for the applications of magnesium
alloy products. The greatest challenge in the area is to exploit new wrought magnesium alloys[1]. In
this paper, the effects of Zn addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the MZK60
wrought alloy which is modified from ZK60 have been investigated. The microstructures of these
alloys at various states were evaluated by optical microscopy. The mechanical properties at room
temperature of these alloys were studied systematically by tensile test. Experimental results indicated
that increasing Zn content to 7~10%wt is able to get not only higher tensile strength and yield
strength, but also higher elongation.
Diffusion Bonding of Magnesium, Zirconium and Titanium as Implant Material
Authors: Duygulu Ozgur , Kaya Ali Arslan , Oktay Gizem , Şahin Filiz Çinar
Published: March 2009

Titanium, zirconium and magnesium alloys are considered to be biocompatible, and can
be used as implants such as hip ball and sockets and to make medical equipments. Biomaterials
with hybrid structures in some applications utilizing the beneficial properties of different metals
together are considered potential implant materials. Therefore, in this study, experimental trials
were attempted to bond pure magnesium, AM60 (6 wt% Al-0.27 wt% Mn), and AZ31 (3 wt% Al-1
wt% Zn) alloys to pure zirconium and Ti6Al4V (6 wt% Al-4 wt% V) alloy to experimentally
evaluate the forming bimetallic structures by diffusion bonding technique by vacuum hot pressing.
SEM analysis showed the presence of a significant diffusion zone and a presence of diffusion
bonding in some metallic couples. It may be suggested that novel hybrid implant materials,
composed of diffusion couples of magnesium, zirconium and titanium alloys may emerge in the
future.
Investigation on the Potential of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 as a Bone Implant
Authors: Duygulu Ozgur , Kaya R. Alper , Oktay Gizem , Kaya Ali Arslan
Published: March 2009

Degradable implants have been in use for bone surgery for decades. However, degradable
metal implants are one of the new research areas of biomaterials science. There is a potential for
application of degradable metal implants as screws and plates in bones. Magnesium alloys are one
of the new candidate materials for degradable implants. Magnesium has good biocompatibility due
to its low toxicity, and it is a corroding, i.e. dissolvable, metal. Furthermore, magnesium is needed
in human body, and naturally found in bone tissue. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are
dimensionally comparable to the cortical bone substance. In this study, corrosion behavior of
magnesium metal at the bone interface and the possibility of new bone cell formation have been
investigated. Cortical bone screws were machined from magnesium alloy AZ31 extruded rod and
implanted to hip-bones of sheep via surgery. Three months after surgery, the bone segments
carrying these screws were removed from the sacrificed animals. Samples were sectioned to reveal
Mg/bone interfaces and investigated using optical microscope, SEM-EDS and radiography. Optical
and SEM images showed that there was a significant amount of corrosion on the magnesium screw.
The elemental mapping results indicate, due to the presence of calcium and phosphorus elements,
that there exists new bone formation at the interface. From the results of this study, it may be stated
that the potential for using magnesium alloys as a bone implant material is expected to be
significant.
On the Infiltration of Fiber Reinforced AZ91D Alloy
Authors: Zhao Hao Feng , Wang Ling , Guo Sheng Li , Su Jun Yi
Published: March 2009

The infiltration pressure field of fiber reinforced AZ91D was studied in this paper. The
carbon fiber T300 was selected and covered with rough TiO2 coat by means of plasma techniques.
These carbon fibers were combined together and a kind of continuous pre-former with many
micro-passes was constructed. When this pre-former went though a infiltration cabin filled with
molten magnesium alloys, the melt infiltrated into pre-former through those micro-passes under
infiltration pressure. A physical model and related mathematic model were built to relate this process.
The relationship among pressure (p), infiltration flow rate change (e) and the location of infiltration
flow (r) was molded.
A Database Prototype of Magnesium Alloy Based on Internet
Authors: Tang Aitao , Yuan Zhi Qiang , Pan Fu Sheng , Liu Hai Ding
Published: March 2009

In order to make full use of magnesium alloy resources under the environment of the
network, an integrated magnesium alloy database system prototype has been developed, which
consists of five modules, including database utilizing, files management, report printing, data inquiry
and system utilities. This system gives more conveniences to user’s work by adopting three-tier
architecture and using advanced technologies such as ASP (Active Server Pages). The user who only
owns a global browser can conveniently use this database system without pre-installing any other
application softwares. This database system prototype is a powerful tool to cut down the cost and time
for developing new magnesium alloys.
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Magnesium-Based Materials
Authors: Qiao Li Ying , Gao Jia Cheng , Wang Yong , Wang Sa Li , Wu Sha , Xue Yan
Published: March 2009

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in magnesium as biomaterials due to its
similar elastic modulus, density and strength to that of human bone than other currently popularly
used metallic biomaterials. However, the knowledge of its biocompatibility is lacking. This paper
reports the results of testing the cytotoxicity, haemolysis and acute toxicity on untreated and treated
magnesium samples. The results showed that no cytotoxicity was detected on untreated magnesium
samples. However, samples of alkali-treated magnesium caused distinct morphological changes on
cells with a reduction in cell number vs the control group. In haemolysis tests, untreated magnesium
showed a haemolytic effect, whereas there was a small haemolytic effect (2.2%) on alkali heat-treated
metal; this is less than the allowable 5%. Magnesium samples coated with an organic film show the
lowest haemolytic effect. No acute toxicity was observed; no animal deaths occurred and we
observed no obvious weight differences in untreated magnesium vs organic coated samples compared
to the control group.
EXAFS Study of Annealing Effects on Mg65Cu25Gd10 Metallic Glass
Authors: Li Guo Qiang , Zheng Li Jing , Zhang Z.F. , Li Huan Xi , Hashmi M.F. , Cai Q. , He Bo
Published: March 2009

The effect of heat treatment on mechanical prosperities of Mg65Cu25Gd10 glass has been
studied in this paper. The thermal stability and the structure of as-spun and heat treated Mg65Cu25Gd10
alloys were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
The compression tests were performed using a computer controlled tensile test machine. Extended
X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was applied to study the structural changes of
Mg65Cu25Gd10 glass during annealing. Results showed that the decline of mechanical properties for
Mg65Cu25Gd10 glass after annealing was closely related to the changes in local environment of Cu
atoms and appearance of crystalline phases, and not the Gd local structure.
Corrosion Protection of Joining Areas in Magnesium Die-Cast and Sheet Products
Authors: Zheng Wen Yue , Derushie C. , Lo Jason , Essadiqi Elhachmi
Published: March 2009

The common joining techniques for Mg sheet and die cast alloys such as riveting,
friction-stir welding and adhesive bonding all introduce additional challenges for protection in the
joining areas. First of all, the sheet products are prone to high rate of corrosion due to surface
contamination. Introduction of iron-rich contaminants can be encountered from the friction-stir
welding process. Although powder coating on top of conversion pre-treatments is practical for
mitigating corrosion, the lap-shear adhesion of such surfaces can be negatively impacted when the
adhesively bonded joints are exposed to a corrosion environment. Anodized surfaces are better in
terms of their ability to retain adhesion strength, but their resistance to galvanic corrosion is an issue.
Development of galvanically compatible coatings for steel rivets will benefit the adaptation of
riveting as a joining technology for magnesium.
A Comparison on Ceramic Coating Formed on AM50 Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation in Two Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Hui , Liu Zhen , Han Zhong
Published: March 2009

Characteristics of ceramic coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in
silicate and phosphate electrolytes have been investigated in this study. This study reveals that the
thickness of the ceramic coatings increases with the treated time in both electrolytes, the growth rate
of ceramic layer in phosphate is faster than that in silicate electrolyte. The surface roughness of the
ceramic coating formed in phosphate electrolyte is higher than that formed in silicate electrolyte. The
coatings formed in silicate, containing a thicker inner barrier layer and a thinner outer porous layer,
consist of MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 phases. For the coatings formed in phosphate, the outer porous
layer is thicker than the inner layer, it consist mainly of MgO and MgAlO4 phases.
Comparison of Coating Properties by Two Pulse Modes on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Rong Fa , Shan Da Yong , Chen Rongshi , Han En-Hou
Published: March 2009

Micro arc oxidation is an effective method to improve corrosion resistance of magnesium
alloys and the selected electric parameters have great effects on coating properties. In this paper, the
effects of the unipolar pulse and the bipolar pulse on surface morphology, chemical compositions and
corrosion resistance were studied. When working voltage was higher than breakdown voltage, sparks
appeared on sample surface whether the unipolar pulse or the bipolar pulse was used. However, under
the same positive working voltage, the spark size and lifetime obtained by the bipolar pulse were
evidently larger and longer than those by the unipolar pulse, which resulted in rougher anodic coatings
and worse corrosion resistance by the former than the latter.
Establishment of a Model of Growing Anodizing Film on AZ91D Mg Alloy
Authors: Qian Jian Gang , Wang Chun , Li Di , Liu Yu Fen
Published: March 2009

The kinetics of film-forming process of anodizing on AZ91D Mg alloy have been studied
through analyses of voltage-time and thickness–time curves. The surface morphology, structure,
composition and valence of element, phase constituent of anodic films have been analyzed by SEM,
EDS, XPS and XRD respectively. The results show that the film-forming process can be divided into
four stages: I - formation of a dense layer; II - formation of a porous layer; III - fast growth of the
porous layer; IV - slow growth of the porous layer. The growing process of the dense film is
characterized by the rapidly formed intact and imperforate oxide film; there are few micro-cracks in
partial film formed on α phase, on the contrary, intact film is formed on β phase; the forming of
porous film is based on the particulate sparking product with micro-porous structure. There are two
kinds of pores in the anodic film; the first one is circular or ellipse, while the second one is the
irregular gaps. The dense layer is composed mainly of MgO and small amount of Al2O3, while the
porous layer mainly consists of MgSiO3 and Mg3B2O6. We propose a possible model about growing
anodizing film on AZ91D Mg alloy based on the experimental results.
Microstructural Evolution in Al-Sc and Al-Sc-Zr Alloys
Authors: Chen Zhi Guo , Ringer Simon P. , Zheng Zi Qiao , Zhong Jue
Published: March 2009

The microstructures of Al-0.2Sc and Al-0.2Sc-0.12Zr alloys have been investigated.The
results show that Al3Sc and Al3(Sc1-xZrx) dispersoids exist in as-rolled Al-0.2Sc and Al-0.2Sc-0.12Zr
alloy respectively, and their orientation is (001)α║(001)dispersoid, [010]α║[010]dispersoid.The Al3Sc
particles in as-rolled Al-0.2Sc were precipitated from hot rolling process, while the larger
Al3(Sc1-xZrx) particles in as-rolled Al-0.2Sc-0.12Zr from the solidification, and the small particles
also from hot rolling process. There is segregation of Sc and Zr in the Al3(Sc1-xZrx) dispersoid, and Sc
is rich in the outside shell while Zr rich in the core of the particles. It is believed that the grain and
subgrain boundaries can be pinned by the Al3Sc particles when annealed after cold-rolling, and this
may lead to restricting the recrystallization of the Sc-containing alloys.And it’s not until the
dissolution of Al3Sc that the recrystallization can happen in this kind of alloys.
The Influence of Interfacial and Structural Parameters on the Elastic Modulus of SiCp/6066Al Composites
Authors: Pan Fu Sheng , Wang Wen Ming , Lu Yun , Zeng Su Min
Published: March 2009

The effects of the interfacial parameters (interface/matrix modulus ratio, interface Poisson
ratio and interface volume fraction) and the structural parameters (particulate volume fraction,
particulate shape, arrangement pattern and dimensional variance mode) on the elastic modulus of
SiCp/6066Al composites were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that component and
interface performance significantly influenced the elastic modulus of the composite; but the
particulate shape, arrangement pattern and dimensional variance mode were found to have little
influence. This means that the effect of the above structural parameters can be negligible. The
optimal approach to enhance the elastic modulus and specific elongation of a composite is to improve
the interfacial bonding of the particulate. Optimal results are obtained when the interface modulus is
20% ~ 30% of the matrix modulus.
Microstructure and Performance in Diffusion Welded Joints of Al +5-10-15% WCp Composites
Authors: Uygur Ilyas
Published: March 2009

Joining parts by diffusion welding is one of the recent manufacturing techniques, since it
allows manufacturing of similar or dissimilar parts, and complex components with high precision. It
is difficult to weld Aluminium and its composites by conventional fusion welding techniques. Thus,
In this study, diffusion welding technique was applied to weld Al+5-10-15% WCp composites in
argon gas. An experimental set up has been designed and series of experiments have been performed,
Metallographical examinations have been carried out to determine the welding quality. It was
concluded that changes in volume fraction of the reinforcement particles strongly affect the
weldability of the materials and their microstructures.
New Method and Experimental Study for Fast Evaluating Filling Mould Ability of Al-Si Alloy by Surface Tension
Authors: Shi De Quan , Li Da Yong , Sun Qian , Gao Gui Li
Published: March 2009

On the basis of analyzing the relationship between filling mould ability and surface tension
of Al-Si alloy, a new method was put forward that filling mould ability can be fast evaluated by
surface tension. To fast test surface tension of Al-Si alloy in front of furnace, a new apparatus had
been developed and a new mould had been designed to appraise the ability of filling acute angle of
Al-Si alloy by authors. By means of the self-developed new apparatus and new mould, the
relationship between surface tension and filling mould ability had also been proved and gotten by
many experiments on Al-Si alloys. Depending on the relationship the filling mould ability of Al-Si
alloy can be evaluated by surface tension in few seconds before cast.
Effect of Calcium Addition and Heat Treatment on the Al-Zn-In Alloys as Sacrificial Anode
Authors: Jafarpishe S. , Dehghanian C. , Emamy Masoud
Published: March 2009

Aluminium alloys are successfully used in marine and offshore structure in purpose of
cathodic protection. Aluminium itself has poor electrochemical properties for sacrificial anode
applications. Hence it is alloyed with other elements to improve its characteristics. This study was
conducted to investigate the influence of calcium addition and also heat treatment on the potential and
current capacity of Al-Zn-In anodes. The electrochemical performance of these anodes was evaluated
by electrochemical test based on NACE standard method. SEM and EDAX analyses were used to
examine the surface structure of the anodic materials. The results were then compared with those of
the base alloy without calcium and untreated specimens to understand the behaviour of the anode
after alloying and heat treatment.
Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 3102 Al-Alloy
Authors: Jiang Xianquan , Li Ning , He Hong , Zhang Xiu Jin , Li Chun Chi , Yang Hao
Published: March 2009

The mechanical properties and microstructures of different state cryogenic treatment 3102
Al-foil, such as H19，H26 or O state, were studied by tensile testing, optical metalloscopy (OM) and
transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results showed that, after deep cryogenic treatment, the
strength of H19 state increased and the elongation to failure decreased. In the same time, the yield
strength increased and breaking strength decreases and the elongation decreased dramatically for O
state, but, for H26 state, the strength and elongation increased dramatically, which correspond to the
properties of this state at low temperatures. OM and TEM observation showed cryogenic treatment
caused by the fibrous grains broken down and many grains with the size of 0.1~3μm These fine
equiaxial grains can improve the strength and elongation of the Al-foil. On the contrary, the atomic
shrinkage force slips high density dislocations into interface of the grains and forms terraces and
fissure in it. That leads to the elongation decrease and the interface been broaden at very low
temperature. The grain size of O state with cryogenic treatment is larger than without cryogenic
treatment. As a result, the synthetic mechanical properties of H26 state improved by the way of
cryogenic treatment, but the H19 state and O state should avoid use and put at low temperatures.
Effect of Minor Sc and Zr on the Fatigue Properties of Al-Mg-Mn Alloy
Authors: Peng Yong Yi , Yin Zhi Min , Nie Bo , Wang Tao
Published: March 2009

The effect of Sc and Zr on the fatigue property of Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn alloy was investigated
by control experiment; the fatigue lives of Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn alloy with and without Sc and Zr at
different loading stress amplitudes were measured. The relationships between their fatigue properties
and microstructures were studied by means of optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope
and transmission electron microscope. The addition of Sc and Zr improved the fatigue lives and
fatigue strength of Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn alloy. It is difficult for crack to initiate and propagate in the
Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn-Sc-Zr alloy. The fine and pancake-like grains of this alloy lead to the increase of
fatigue life and fatigue strength. The high densities of dislocation and grain boundary in the
Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn-Sc-Zr alloy can prevent microcrack from propagating effectively. Additionally the
dispersion precipitation of Al3Sc and Al3(Sc1-xZrx) particles enhance the toughness of
Al-6.2Mg-0.4Mn-Sc-Zr alloy.
Aging Characteristics of 7A52 Al-Zn-Mg Alloy
Authors: Huang Ji Wu , Yin Zhi Min , Fang Jia Fang , Nie Bo , Wang Tao
Published: March 2009

The influence of aging treatment on microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties
of 7A52 alloy was investigated by mechanical property test, electrical conductivity measurement,
XRD and TEM analysis. The results showed that the alloy was a typical aging hardening alloy.
During aging supersaturated solution decomposed, G.P. zones and η'(MgZn2) precipitated. The
precipitates of the alloy aging at 100°C were mainly G.P. zones with the size of about 5nm. During
aging at 120°C, η’ precipitates nucleated from the G.P. zones. With increasing aging temperature
and time, the size and amount of η' increased. As aged at 120°C for 24h the tensile strength, yield
strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the alloy were 496 MPa, 445 MPa, 9.5% and 26
%IACS, respectively. The G.P. zones and η' dispersion strengthening are the major strengthening
mechanisms for the studied alloy at the single-stage peak aging.
Structure and Property of Nickel-Modified Ultrahigh Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy by Spray Forming
Authors: Li Zhen Liang , Xie Jian Xin , Chen Wei , Zhai Jing , Ren Hui Ping , Wang Yu Feng
Published: March 2009

Six kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, modified with nickel and zirconium, have been
produced by rapid solidification using spray deposition(the Osprey process). The effect of nickel on
the structures, mechanical properties of ultrahigh strength aluminium alloy is studied, and the
probable maximum of mechanical properties is predicted. There are three nickel-rich phases, Al3Ni2,
Al7Cu4Ni and MgNi2, forming in 1%Ni alloy, its ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased with
increasing extrusion ratios significantly while maintaining high levels of ductility, Futhermore, the
extruded bars show enhancing more clearly than extruded plates in UTS and ductility. The content of
Ni should decreased with increasing of Zn and Zr, and the highest properties(UTS=832MPa,
Elongation=7.5%)are attained in 0.20Zr＋0.30Ni (wt%)alloy. In addition, the size, the shape and the
homogeneous distribution of zirconium-rich phase produced in solidification is the key to effecting
the mechanical properties of materials when Zr content is 0.2~0.5％.