bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular findings in patients with novel A/H1N1 infection: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Mehta Salil , Vas Conrad Rui
Published: May 2019

Background: The systemic findings of novel A (H1N1) influenza have been well documented but data on ocular lesions is scarce. We report the systemic and ophthalmoscopic findings of 14 patients with proven H1N1 infection.

Methods: An observational non-interventional retrospective study. During a period of nine years, 14 patients (six female and eight males), were referred for an ophthalmic evaluation. All patients underwent a detailed systemic and ocular evaluation.  

Results: Three patients (21.4 %) showed ocular lesions in the form of a unilateral intraretinal hemorrhage. Of these, one patient (7.1%) had a large disc hemorrhage and an area of retinal whitening, consistent with ischemia in the macular area. 

Conclusions: Physicians dealing with H1N1 infection should be aware of these findings and may include an ocular evaluation as part of their protocol.
ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ СУПРУГАМИ ДРУГ ДРУГА И УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТЬ БРАКОМ
Authors: Gurieva Svetlana Dzakhotovna , Ilina Tatyana Igorevna
Published: May 2019

Актуальность. Необходимым условием гармоничного функционирования личности в обществе представляется ощущение психологического благополучия, одной из важных составляющих которого является удовлетворенность браком. Особый интерес исследования, состоит в том, что объектом исследования здесь является супружеская пара, а не отдельная личность. В нашем случае речь идет о гетеросексуальной паре, что позволяет говорить о гендерных различиях в восприятии тех или иных аспектов брака.Основной целью исследования было изучение взаимосвязи между удовлетворенностью браком и близостью взаимных представлений супругов. Кроме того, мы рассматривали проблему различий в том, насколько точно мужчины и женщины склонны формировать для себя образ супруга. Дизайн исследования позволил определить «ошибку восприятия», состоящую в разнице между образами супругов и сопоставить ее с уровнем удовлетворенности браком.Предмет: гендерные особенности формирования образа супруга и его связи с удовлетворенностью браком.Выборка. В исследовании приняли участие 36 гетеросексуальных семейных пар, все – жители г. Санкт-Петербурга, которым было предложено ответить на вопросы комплекса психодиагностических методик, опираясь на собственную самооценку, а затем – от лица своего супруга. Из ответов для каждого испытуемого было составлено по два «портрета». Сопоставление портретов позволило вычислить уровень ошибки восприятия, для каждой пары и соотнести его с уровнем удовлетворенности браком.Методики исследования: «Удовлетворенность браком» (В.В. Столин, Т.Л. Романова, Г.П. Бутенко), «Семантический дифференциал» (Ч.Осгуд), «Ведущий ресурс»( по теории Дж. П. Фландерса), типы отношений к окружающим (Опросник Т. Лири).Результаты: выявлены специфические различия в восприятии супруга в мужской и женской частях выборки. Так, обнаружено, что в большинстве случаев, мужчины склонны гораздо точнее составлять образ супруги, чем женщины – образ мужа. Это обстоятельство следует учитывать в практической работе с семейными парами, не отрицая при этом индивидуальных особенностей.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНУЮ СРЕДУ ВУЗА
Authors: Barsukov Aleksandr Valerievich , Shutkina Zhanna Aleksandrovna , Burova Alekseevna Ekaterina
Published: May 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в современном обществе теме социализации студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в образовательную среду ВУЗа. Социальная среда, и в частности среда ВУЗа, не всегда толерантна к лицам с ограниченными возможностями. Гандикаппизм, патеррналисткое и интоллерантное отношение усложняют социальное взаимодействие студентов с ограниченными возможностями и нормально развивающимися сверстниками. В статье рассматриваются психологические факторы, препятствующие оптимальной адаптации студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в среду ВУЗа. Акцент делается на личностных качествах, осложняющих социальное взаимодействие студентов с ограниченными возможностями.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы приводят данные, свидетельствующие о том, что подготовка педагогов ВУЗа, студентов так же необходима, как и подготовка самих студентов с ограниченными возможностями. Рассматривается опыт ВУЗов по решению проблем адаптации студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Для информационной поддержки преподавателей об особенностях детей с ОВЗ созданы специальные учебно-методические комплексы. Для студентов с ОВЗ реализуются различные тренинговые программы, предусмотрены методические материалы в виде памяток, внедрен алгоритм психолого-педагогической поддержки от этапа поступления и адаптации к вузу до трудоустройства.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в социальной сфере, связанной с социализацией студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в образовательную среду ВУЗа.
A “Distributive” or a “Collective” Approach to Sentences?
Authors: Łukowski Piotr
Published: May 2019

It is a well-known fact that the Russell’s antinomy arises within distributive set theory whereas it does not do so within collective set theory. n this paper, I shall propose what I shall call a “collective” understanding of a sentence as opposed to the standard, truth-functional approach which I shall term a “distributive" approach. Similar to the case with sets, the liar antinomy appears when the liar sentence is treated distributively. If, however, the sentence is understood collectively, then the liar antimony does not appear.
Content Implication and Yablo's Sequence of Sentences
Authors: Łukowski Piotr
Published: May 2019

This paper is a continuation of [Łukowski, 2019], where it is shown that just like sets, sentences can also be understood in two ways: distributively or collectively. A distributive understanding of sets leads to the Russell antinomy, and a distributive understanding of sentences to liar antinomy. A collective understanding of sets frees up the set theory from Russell’s antinomy. Taking a similar approach to sentences no liar like paradoxes appear. The aim of the paper is to examine Yablo’s problem from this collective perspective. Given its nature, by using the content implication connective it becomes possible to assign logical values to all Yablo’s sentences. Moreover, it seems that Yablo’s problem is not a case of circularity.
A Brief Note on Béziau’s “Rather Trivial Theorem” About LP
Authors: Estrada-González Luis
Published: May 2019

Béziau has recently argued that the logic LP commits dialetheists to trivialism and Martin has pointed out very clearly the main problems with that alleged result. My sole purpose here is to make the spirit of Martin’s reply more concise, exhibiting as clearly as possible the logical defects in Béziau’s reasoning. Additionally, I want to make some remarks on LP qua logic and not only as an interpreted language.
Effects of Sponsorship Disclosure on Perceived Integrity of Biased Recommendation Agents: Psychological Contract Violation and Knowledge-Based Trust Perspectives
Authors: Wang Weiquan , Wang May
Published: May 2019

Product recommendation agents (RAs) are widely employed by online merchants to facilitate consumers’ decision making. Users’ perceived integrity of these RAs becomes a critical trust concern when RAs apply sponsorship practices and recommend products biased toward sponsored products. Sponsorship disclosure is enforced by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, but many technologies fail to comply probably because of their concerns on users’ trust in the biased technologies. This research investigate when sponsorship disclosure is most effective in enhancing users’ perceived RA integrity. A laboratory experiment revealed two major findings related to the benefits of sponsorship disclosure in enhancing users’ perceived integrity of a biased RA. First, for users with high prior knowledge about the prevalence of sponsorships used by RAs in general, sponsorship disclosure can reduce users’ perceived psychological contract violations of a biased RA and then increase users’ perceived RA integrity. For users with limited such prior knowledge, the disclosure fails to reduce these perceived violations. Second, regardless of the level of such prior knowledge of users, sponsorship disclosure enhances users’ perceived transparency of a biased RA, which, in turn, leads to perceived RA integrity.
Audit Policies Under the Sentinel Effect: Deterrence-Driven Algorithms
Authors: Bouayad Lina , Padmanabhan Balaji , Chari Kaushal
Published: May 2019

Auditing has been commonly used in major industries including healthcare to curb fraudulent activity. In addition to the direct benefits of auditing, data collected in this study through interviews, a focus group, and surveys of medical practitioners and audit experts indicate that auditing has a second-order effect through which audit information diffuses in the practitioner network triggering deterrence. This second-order effect, referred to as the “sentinel effect,” has been overlooked by auditing algorithms that have traditionally focused on detection of fraudulent claims or practitioners only. The authors present an algorithm that supports a deterrence-driven audit approach in the presence of audit and sentinel effects. Simulation results, augmented with real practitioner data from two counties in Florida, indicate the potential of such algorithms at reducing excess costs, especially when waste and abuse are prevalent. Management insight: Savings from audit arise as a result of both the direct audit effect and the sentinel effect, which causes deterrence among people who might hear about audits. Insurance providers could therefore consider connectedness, conditional on high enough risk scores, when selecting practitioners for audit. Through the sentinel effect, large numbers of practitioners receiving the audit information are likely to improve billing behavior, ultimately maximizing deterrence from waste and abuse and reducing overall healthcare costs.
An Exact Algorithm for Multilevel Uncapacitated Facility Location
Authors: Ortiz-Astorquiza Camilo , Contreras Ivan , Laporte Gilbert
Published: May 2019

We study a general class of multilevel uncapacitated p-location problems in which the selection of links between levels of facilities is part of the decision process. We propose an exact algorithm based on a Benders reformulation to solve large-scale instances of the general problem and some well-known particular cases. We exploit the network flow structure of the reformulation to efficiently generate Pareto-optimal cuts. We perform extensive computational experiments to assess the performance of several different variants of the Benders algorithm. Results obtained on benchmark instances with up to 3,000 customers, 250 potential facilities, and four levels confirm its efficiency.
Toxoplasma gondii – the facts
Authors: Castro Pablo David Jimenez , Dubey Jitender P.
Published: May 2019

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was initially isolated from the rodent Ctenodactylus gundi, and it has been found worldwide from Alaska to Australia with nearly one third of the human population having been exposed to this parasite. All warm-blooded hosts, including humans, can be infected by any one of its three infective stages: tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites. Felids are the definitive hosts of this intracellular pathogen. Although it usually causes mild disease or asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent adults, this parasite can cause devastating disease in congenitally infected children and those with depressed immunity. Because of its zoonotic potential, toxoplasmosis triggers the interest of the diverse medical and veterinary specialities. Consciousness needs to be increased that this disease can produce clinical cases not only in immunocompromised patients or through vertical transmission, but also in healthy patients. In this article, we will review the biology and the epidemiology of this parasite.
A declaração universal dos direitos humanos no atual contexto internacional dos movimentos migratórios
Authors: Carvalho Ana Celeste
Published: May 2019

Os direitos dos refugiados assumem uma relevância crescente na atualidade, em consequência do aumento dos movimentos migratórios.As Nações Unidas criaram uma Carta Mundial de Direitos Humanos, onde se inclui o direito de asilo e os direitos dos refugiados, na aprovação da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos2, de dois Pactos Internacionais sobre direitos humanos, da Convenção de Genebra sobre o Estatuto do Refugiado e da Declaração sobre Asilo Territorial.A União Europeia, através do Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo, tem desenvolvido a proteção internacional de asilo e dos refugiados, que vai para além do que consagra o direito internacional.
Cardiac Inflammatory Pseudotumors in Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Bouomrani Salem , Bouomrani Salem
Published: May 2019

Introduction
Cardiac non-specific inflammatory pseudotumors (NSIPT) are exceptionally associated to Behçet's disease (BD) and represent a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The meaning and the mechanisms of this association are not yet well understood. The purpose of this paper is to study the epidemiologic, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics of cardiac NSIPT during BD

Methods
Systemic review of all reported cases of cardiac NSIPT associated with BD.

Results
We found only 6 cases of NSIPT associated with BD. Of these six patients, 4 were men (66.66%) and 2 were women (33.33%): Sex ratio =2. The average age was 26.66 years (9-35 years). The pseudotumor was unique in all cases. The chronology of occurrence of these NSIPT compared to the underlying angiitis was variable: inaugural of the disease in 4 cases, and complicating a previously known BD in 2 cases. The surgery was performed in all cases. It was carried out for diagnostic purpose in 4 cases, and therapeutic in the other 2. Additional medical treatment based on systemic corticosteroids with or without immunosuppressants was indicated in 4 patients. The evolution was favorable in 5 cases and a single case was quickly fatal. Recurrence of NSIPT was reported in one patient (20%).

Conclusion
The results of this review suggest a very likely association between BD and cardiac NSIPT; especially because of the scarcity of these two conditions in the general population, and the epidemiological characteristics clearly different from those of cardiac NSIPTs in the general population. The pathogenic mechanisms common to these two conditions (immune, inflammatory, reactive, and vascular) reinforce this causal link. The main differential diagnoses of these pseudotumors during BD remain cancer and intracardiac thrombosis.
Bilobed Flap in Reconstruction of Nasal Defect
Authors: Kumar L.K Surej , Menon P Varun
Published: May 2019

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, which arises from the basal layer of the epithelium. It is a slow growing tumor and has a low metastatic potential, it accounts for 70–80% of all cutaneous malignancies in the head face and neck region .Defects near nasal tip and ala of the nose are one of the most difficult site to cover in a single stage, bilobed flap is reported to be used very effectively to close the defect in these areas. This article reports a case of basal cell carcinoma involving the ala of the nose which was excised and the reconstruction was done using bilobed flap.
Acute Pneumonia: Biological Rules and Laws require Attention and Respect
Authors: Klepikov I.
Published: May 2019

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Localización del punto óptimo de partida en el problema de ruteo vehicular con capacidad restringida (CVRP)
Authors: Solarte Guillermo Roberto , Soto Mejía José , Muñoz Guerrero Luis Eduardo
Published: May 2019

Contexto: Esta investigación resuelve el problema de encontrar el punto óptimo de localización de una flota de vehículos recolectores de basura y las rutas óptimas para minimizar el costo de su recolección, en 144 barrios del municipio de Dosquebradas, Risaralda (Colombia), utilizando 8 vehículos con capacidad homogénea de 25 toneladas de la empresa Serviciudad.

Métodos: Primero, se utilizó una heurística de barrido (Ospina Toro y Orrego, 2016) para encontrar un buen punto de partida para los vehículos de recolección y generar rutas iniciales de buena calidad. Posteriormente, estas rutas iniciales alimentan el algoritmo genético modificado de Chu-Beasley (Solarte, Castillo y Rodríguez, 2015) teniendo en cuenta la capacidad de carga del vehículo (Rondon et al., 2010). Finalmente, para garantizar un resultado óptimo, el mejor encontrado en la fase anterior es tratado nuevamente con una metaheurística tabú (Bodas, 2017).

Resultados: Se diseñó una nueva metodología, denominada híbrida CSGTR (Clustering, sweep, genetic, tabu routing) que permitió aprovechar las ventajas de la clusterización (Rueda et al., 2017) antes del ruteo de vehículos (Hernández, 2017), incluyendo modelos heurísticos como la técnica de barrido (Ospina Toro y Orrego, 2016) y metaheurísticos como los algoritmos de Chu-Beasley y tabú (Grajales, Hincapié y Montoya, 2017). La aplicación de la metodología CSGTR permitió reducir el tiempo y los costos de los recorridos de los camiones recolectores de basura en el municipio de Dosquebradas, Risaralda (Colombia).

Conclusiones: La metodología hibrida CSGTR para resolver el problema de ubicación de flotas de vehículos y generación de rutas de recolección se presenta como un enfoque alternativo, con mejores resultados que el enfoque previo.
Influencia del biodiésel de aceite de fritura usado, sobre las emisiones: índice de opacidad
Authors: Mejía Regalado Antonio David , Cuty Clemente Eddy Roberto
Published: May 2019

Contexto: Entre las fuentes de biodiésel, el aceite de fritura usado es un potencial combustible alternativo para reducir las emisiones de efecto invernadero de los motores diésel sin modificaciones tecnológicas considerables.

Método: Los experimentos se realizaron en condiciones estables, en un motor diésel de un cilindro de cuatro tiempos, mediante tres mezclas de combustible diésel puro con biodiésel obtenido de aceite de fritura usado (B10, B20 y B30) y combustible diésel comercial B5. El motor funcionó a velocidades variables entre 1000 - 1600 r.p.m., a plena carga y cargas variables del motor correspondientes a la potencia efectiva a 1600 r.p.m.

Resultados: Los resultados experimentales muestran que el índice de opacidad de B10, B20 y B30 a 1600 r.p.m., con velocidad nominal 1600 r.p.m. del motor a carga constante fue menor comparado con el combustible comercial B5 en 0,3 %, 24 % y 46 %, respectivamente. Sin embargo, al incrementar la carga del motor a velocidad constante de 1600 rpm, el índice de opacidad alcanzó su máximo valor para B20 comparado con los otros combustibles utilizados.

Conclusiones: Es viable el uso de biodiésel de aceite de fritura usado en mezclas con diésel puro y comercial para disminuir las emisiones tóxicas, como el material particulado (hollín) de los motores diésel en el medio ambiente. Por tanto, la reutilización de dicho aceite disminuye significativamente los problemas medioambientales.
The Application of Hollow Segmented Pie Bicomponent Spunbond Hydro-Entangled Microfiber Nonwovens for Microfiber Synthetic Leather Apparel
Authors: Zhao Baobao , Qian Xiaoming , Qian Yao , Duo Yongchao , Feng Yan , Fan Jintu , Chen Yang
Published: May 2019

The polyester/nylon 6 hollow segmented pie bicomponent spunbond hydro-entangled microfiber nonwoven (PET/PA6 HSBSYMNW) was prepared and used as a leather base to produce microfiber synthetic leather for apparel. The structure and properties of PET/PA6 HSBSYMNW were investigated. SEM analysis indicated the fiber diameter size was between 2.2∼5.5 μm. Its performance met the demand of nonwoven textiles for synthetic leather. The obtained microfiber synthetic leather was arranged in a four-layer configuration, and its air permeability, water vapor transmission rate (WVT), thermal insulation, and hand properties were better than commercial garment synthetic leathers with different leather bases. The method achieved a more environmentally-friendly and high-performance preparation of microfiber synthetic leather used for apparel.
A Review of Chitosan Textile Applications
Authors: Zhou By Chang-E , Kan Chi-wai , Sun Chang , Du Jinmei , Xu Changhai
Published: May 2019

Chitosan is a poly-β-(1-4)-D-glucosamine obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. Its chemical properties and biological properties provide a broad potential application in the textile industry. In the current review, versatile properties of chitosan related to textile finishing are presented and briefly discussed. The application of chitosan in the textile industry including dyeing, printing, and functional finishing is summarized. Meanwhile, the advantages, disadvantages, and improved application methods are discussed. It is hoped that the review will be a good resource for those interested in antimicrobials and biocidal textile materials, and will help stimulate further interest in this area.
Fibers Made of Recombinant Spidroins—A Brief Review
Authors: Venkatesan Harun , Chen Jianming , Hu Jinlian
Published: May 2019

Spider silk is a promising biomaterial, with a wide range of potential applications in the medical, military, and commercial sectors. In the past decade, researchers have been developing recombinant spider silk (RSS) proteins with the help of advanced genetic engineering techniques, including gene design, cloning, and protein expression in different foreign hosts. The extraordinary strength and extensibility of natural spider silk fiber are constituted from the tandemly repeated amino acid sequences and antiparallel crystalline β-sheet segments formed by polyalanine motifs. Additionally, mechanical properties are also influenced by extrusion and drawing of fibers in the natural spinning process. To date, the wet spinning process was found to be a commercially successful method for spinning recombinant silks with properties comparable to their natural counterparts.
Implikacje TTIP dla Chin
Authors: Puślecki Zdzisław W.
Published: May 2019

W niniejszym artykule Autor koncentruje się na analizie implikacji Transatlantyckiego Partnerstwa Handlowego i Inwestycjnego (TTIP) dla Chin. W ostatnim czasie w związku z negocjacjami w sprawie owego TTIP między USA a Unią Europejską, podkreślano, że rozmowy te mają doprowadzić do redukcji barier regulacyjnych, a to z kolei miało doprowadzić do istotnych korzyści ekonomicznych. W niniejszym artykule analizuje się problem barier regulacyjnych i dokonuje się oceny tego, co może zostać w związku z tym osiągnięte. Idealnie, najlepszym sposobem, aby rozwiązać problemy wynikające z rozbieżności regulacyjnych byłoby, na zasadzie wielostronnej współpracy, również uwzględniać stosunki UE i USA z Chinami. Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja implikacji TTIP dla Chin. W szczególności celem badawczym pozostają m.in. regulacyjne bariery handlowe polityki handlu zagranicznego w stosunkach transatlantyckich USA–UE, oraz specyfiki TTIP.
Transaction Costs as a Source of Consumer Stockpiling
Authors: Garrod Luke , Li Ruochen , Wilson Chris M.
Published: May 2019

Consumers often stockpile goods to store for future consumption. The existing theoretical literature has focussed on a price-based explanation where stockpiling arises due to temporary price reductions. In contrast, this paper explores a transaction-cost-based explanation where consumers stockpile to avoid the need to incur future transaction costs. It shows how transaction costs lead to positive consumer stockpiling in an oligopoly equilibrium even when future prices are expected to fall. Relative to a no-stockpiling benchmark, such stockpiling lowers profits, but improves consumer and total welfare. Our results extend to the case of quantity discounts where stockpiling consumers pay relatively lower per-unit prices than non-stockpiling consumers, when purchasing multi-unit bundles.
Anatomy of Non-Employment Risk
Authors: Fugazza Carolina
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates how job separation and job-finding probabilities shape the non-employment risk across ages and working group characteristics. Improving on current methods, I estimate duration models for employment and non-employment separately. I then use the results to derive the individual age profiles of conditional transitions in and out of non-employment as well as the unconditional non-employment risk profile over the whole working life. This approach allows me to apply the decomposition of changes in individual non-employment risk. To date, this type of decomposition has only been used to study aggregate non-employment dynamics. I find that differences in job separation rates across ages underlie the observed age differences in non-employment risk. When differences between working groups are under consideration, the job finding probability is just as important as the job separation probability.
Do Labor Market Regulations Affect the Link between Innovation and Employment? Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Baensch Laura , Lanzalot Maria Laura , Lotti Giulia , Stucchi Rodolfo
Published: May 2019

This paper sheds light on how labor market regulations affect the relationship between different types of innovation and employment in Latin America. We estimate the effect of process and product innovation on employment growth using Enterprise Surveys for 14 Latin American countries. We calculate the model for the whole sample and then classify countries according to the rigidness of their labor market regulations. We find that: (i) product innovations have a positive impact on employment growth; (ii) process innovations do not affect employment growth; and (iii) more rigid labor market regulations (minimum wages and severance payments) reduce the effects of innovation.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemivertebra in the first trimester
Authors: Parthenis Christos , Michalitsi Vasiliki , Chlapoutaki Chrysanthi , Souka Athena P.
Published: May 2019

Hemivertebra is a congenital spinal abnormality. The condition may affect one or multiple vertebrae. Hemivertebra occurs because of malformations or absence of the ossification centers. Most cases reported in the literature are diagnosed in the second trimester, usually after 22 weeks. It is very unusual and difficult for the hemivertebra to be detected at the first trimester.
Perspectives on the use of a health surveillance system for Guatemalan youth: a stakeholder analysis
Authors: Golub Sarah A. , Maza Reyes Juan Carlos , Williams David N. , Christensen Sinead , Reyes Lopez Andrea , Lopez Claudia , Calgua Erwin , Hassan Areej
Published: May 2019

In Guatemala, adolescent health indicators are collected using the Sistema Informático del Adolescente (SIA), a clinical survey developed by the Pan-American Health Organization. Recent analysis revealed significant gaps in data, limiting the ability of clinicians and policy makers to effectively address health disparities. Our objective was to explore adolescent health stakeholders’ perceptions of the SIA. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 clinic personnel recruited from six adolescent health clinics throughout Guatemala. Stakeholders included multi-disciplinary providers and key database personnel. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, recorded and transcribed; a coding scheme was developed using a phenomenological approach, and Dedoose was used for analysis. Four major themes emerged: (1) Collecting baseline adolescent health data was useful for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of adolescent health issues. (2) The SIA was instrumental in streamlining clinical care and informing the psychosocial needs of patients. (3) The questionnaire was time-intensive, repetitive and often problematic for data input/extraction. (4) Condensing the survey and using a web-based version may improve the system for future use. Our findings show that despite the use of a standardized system, multiple barriers contribute to gaps in comprehensive data collection in Guatemala. Refining the system may enhance adolescent health surveillance and improve quality of care in this vulnerable population.
Curative effects of Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon. Trunk-bark extracts on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 31-induced diarrhea in rats
Authors: William Yousseu Nana , Gilbert Ateufack , Shah Abdul Jabbar , Wahid Fazli , Marius Mbiantcha , Yameen Muhammad Arfat , Shah Syed Luqman , Bashir Kashif , Sajjad Wasim , Kuiate Jules-Roger , Albert Kamanyi , Khan Taous
Published: May 2019

Background

Distemonanthus benthamianus is used in the Western part of Cameroon to treat diarrheal episodes and infections. This study assessed its trunk-bark extracts activity against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 31 (EPEC 31)-induced diarrhea in rats.

Methods

Aqueous and methanolic extracts were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs) were evaluated on Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10,541), E. coli (ATCC 6539), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13,883), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) strains and on Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 01) and Shigella flexneri isolates using the microdilution method. Diarrhea was induced by inoculating rats with EPEC 31 (1.5 × 108
 CFU/mL; p.o). Serum transaminases level assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokines determination were performed. Hematoxylin–eosin (H–E) staining was used for intestinal tissue analysis.

Results

HPLC fingerprints of extracts showed presence of gallic acid and other unidentified compounds. The lowest MIC of 256 µg/mL was obtained with methanolic extract. At 100 mg/kg, both extracts significantly (p<0.001) inhibited diarrhea, with the methanolic extract being the most active. In addition, the methanolic extract significantly (p<0.001) increased the relative mass of the liver compared to negative control (Tween-DMSO 8%). The aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum concentration; while the methanolic extract (100 mg/kg) exhibited similar effect over aspartate aminotransferase (AST). At 50 and 100 mg/kg, the methanolic extract significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) decreased the Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serum level, compared to negative control (Tween-DMSO 8%). Serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) significantly (p<0.001) decreased with 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract and all doses of methanolic extract. Inhibition of inflammatory cells tissue infiltration and epithelial regeneration was highly noticed in the ileum and colon of extracts-treated rats than in ciprofloxacin-treated animals.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that D. benthamianus trunk-bark extracts displayed therapeutic effects against infectious diarrhea in rats.
Perfect 1-factorizations
Authors: Rosa Alexander
Published: May 2019

LetGbe a graph with vertex-setV=V(G) and edge-setE=E(G). A 1-factorofG(also calledperfect matching) is a factor ofGof degree 1, that is, a set of pairwise disjoint edges which partitionsV. A 1-factorizationofGis a partition of its edge-setEinto 1-factors. For a graphGto have a 1-factor, |V(G)| must be even, and for a graphGto admit a 1-factorization,Gmust be regular of degreer, 1 ≤r≤ |V| − 1.

One can find in the literature at least two extensive surveys [69] and [89] and also a whole book [90] devoted to 1-factorizations of (mainly) complete graphs.

A 1-factorization ofGis said to beperfectif the union of any two of its distinct 1-factors is a Hamiltonian cycle ofG. An early survey on perfect 1-factorizations (abbreviated as P1F) of complete graphs is [83]. In the book [90] a whole chapter (Chapter 16) is devoted to perfect 1-factorizations of complete graphs.

It is the purpose of this article to present what is known to-date on P1Fs, not only of complete graphs but also of other regular graphs, primarily cubic graphs.
Tribonacci numbers and primes of the form p = x
2 + 11y
2
Authors: Evink Tim , Helminck Paul Alexander
Published: May 2019

In this paper we show that for any prime number p not equal to 11 or 19, the Tribonacci number T

p−1 is divisible by p if and only if p is of the form x
2 + 11y
2. We first use class field theory on the Galois closure of the number field corresponding to the polynomial x
3 − x
2 − x − 1 to give the splitting behavior of primes in this number field. After that, we apply these results to the explicit exponential formula for T

p−1. We also give a connection between the Tribonacci numbers and the Fourier coefficients of the unique newform of weight 2 and level 11.
Basic semirings
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut
Published: May 2019

Basic algebras were introduced by Chajda, Halaš and Kühr as a common generalization of MV-algebras and orthomodular lattices, i.e. algebras used for formalization of non-classical logics, in particular the logic of quantum mechanics. These algebras were represented by means of lattices with section involutions. On the other hand, classical logic was formalized by means of Boolean algebras which can be converted into Boolean rings. A natural question arises if a similar representation exists also for basic algebras. Several attempts were already realized by the authors, see the references. Now we show that if a basic algebra is commutative then there exists a representation via certain semirings with involution similarly as it was done for MV-algebras by Belluce, Di Nola and Ferraioli. These so-called basic semirings, their ideals and congruences are studied in the paper.
Mittag-Leffler stability for non-instantaneous impulsive Caputo fractional differential equations with delays
Authors: Agarwal Ravi , Hristova Snezhana , O’Regan Donal
Published: May 2019

Caputo fractional delay differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses are studied. Initially a brief overview of the basic two approaches in the interpretation of solutions is given. A generalization of Mittag-Leffler stability with respect to non-instantaneous impulses is given and sufficient conditions are obtained. Lyapunov functions and the Razumikhin technique will be applied and appropriate derivatives among the studied fractional equations is defined and applied. Examples are given to illustrate our results.
Disjoint hypercyclic weighted translations on locally compact hausdorff spaces
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhou Ze-Hua
Published: May 2019

Let G be a locally compact second countable Hausdorff space with a positive regular Borel measure λ, where λ is invariant under a continuous injective mapping φ : G → G. We characterize the disjoint hypercyclicity of finite weighted translations generated by φ acting on the weighted space Lp
(G, ω) (1 ≤ p < ∞).
Cohomology of torus manifold bundles
Authors: Dasgupta Jyoti , Khan Bivas , Uma Vikraman
Published: May 2019

Let X be a 2n-dimensional torus manifold with a locally standard T ≅ (S
1)
n
action whose orbit space is a homology polytope. Smooth complete complex toric varieties and quasitoric manifolds are examples of torus manifolds. Consider a principal T-bundle p : E → B and let π : E(X) → B be the associated torus manifold bundle. We give a presentation of the singular cohomology ring of E(X) as a H
*(B)-algebra and the topological K-ring of E(X) as a K
*(B)-algebra with generators and relations. These generalize the results in [17] and [19] when the base B = pt. These also extend the results in [20], obtained in the case of a smooth projective toric variety, to any smooth complete toric variety.
Crystal structure of (4S,4aS,6aR,6bR,12aS,12bR,14aS,14bR)-3,3,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyloctadecahydro-1H,3H-4,14b-ethanophenanthro[1,2-h]isochromene-1(6bH)-one, C30H48O2
Authors: He Kang , Fan Lin-Lin , Wu Tian-Tai , Zhang Qi-Long , Zou Juan
Published: May 2019

C30H48O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.8192(12) Å, b = 16.4915(17) Å, c = 28.832(3) Å, V = 5144.4(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0582, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1169, T = 293(2) K.
Essential and trace elements status in the indigenous Ethiopian tuber crops
Authors: Melkegna Tamene Hailu , Chaubey Ashok Kumar , Jonah Sunday Adesunloye , Ahmed Yusuf Aminu , Abubakar Nuruddeen
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study is multi elemental analysis of four indigenous Ethiopian tuber crops using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique in order to get scientific evidences about the status of essential, trace and non-essential elemental compositions. The samples were collected from Southern and South-western parts of Ethiopia. The irradiation and measurement were performed by using irradiation and counting facilities of the Nigeria Nuclear Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) and a HPGe detector setup at the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 17 elements were determined at various concentration levels. The highest concentrations of K, Mg, Mn and Zn were found in Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, whereas; the concentrations of essential and trace elements; Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, and Zn were found to be high in the native Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn tuber. The estimated daily intake values of the constituent elements from the consumption of these crops are below upper tolerable limits set by international organizations such as WHO and FAO.
Impact of Phase Transformation in WO3 Thin Films at Higher Temperature and its Compelling Interfacial Role in Cu/WO3/p–Si Structured Schottky Barrier Diodes
Authors: Marnadu R. , Chandrasekaran J. , Vivek P. , Balasubramani V. , Maruthamuthu S.
Published: May 2019

Inter-connected network grains of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were deposited on glass using a jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis (JNSP) technique by varying the substrate temperature at 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C. Phase transformation (monoclinic to orthorhombic) was observed during the film growth through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images revealed a better grain growth with smooth surface for 400 °C. The WO3 film deposited at 400 °C exhibits minimum band gap and maximum optical conductivity of 3.2 eV and 5.8 × 1014 (Ω.cm)−1. From the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics, the mean electrical conductivity is found to increase gradually and the activation energy reduced at higher substrate temperature. Cu/WO3/p–Si structured Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been fabricated with different substrate temperature and it was tested under variable device temperatures ranging from 30 to 170 °C. The experimental results of all SBDs indicated a linear reduction in the ideality factor (n) with a small increment in effective barrier height (Φ
B) with increase in device temperature, which is due to lateral inhomogeneity’s at the interface. Moreover, the minimum n value of 2.89 and their corresponding Φ
B of 0.71 eV were recorded for device temperature at 170 °C. Compared with other SBDs, the device fabricated at 400 °C demonstrated a better thermal stability and device performance.
Laser Effects on the Prevention and Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rezazadeh Fahimeh , Dehghanian Paria , Jafarpour Dana
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is an acute intensive tooth pain which can lead to dental annoyances during eating and drinking. Stimulating exposed dentinal tubules by either kind of thermal, tactile, chemical and/or osmotic stimuli is believed to be the cause of this pain. It is hypothesized that dentinal tubules’ orifice occlusion (DOO) can help relieve such dental irritations. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of laser application as a prevention and treatment modality on DH reduction. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS) were searched among randomized clinical trials from January 2007 to December 2016. The extraction of data and quality assessments were carried out by different independent observers. Results: A total of 499 items were found of which3 9 relevant articles were extracted. The profound findings proved lasers’ effectiveness as a treatment of DH. Although some of the researches reported no significant difference between laser and other desensitizing agents, most of the studies suggested that better results (both rapid and long-lasting) were obtained in combined modalities. Furthermore, the preventive role of this new technology has been emphasized as well. Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) and diode lasers reduce DH after bleaching. Lasers can also protect cervical restorations from DH due to tubular occlusion. Moreover, it is suggested to apply lasers in relief of DH following scaling and root planning. Nevertheless, a few researchers dispute its beneficence as a result of placebo effect. Conclusion: The results obtained from several studies in the present review revealed that the application of lasers is effective not only in terms of treatment of DH, but also in the prevention of this intensive tooth pain. Among various types of lasers, the application of Nd:YAG laser has shown the best results in DH treatment.
The Use of Laser Therapy for Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Critical Literary Review
Authors: Kisselev Serguei Borisovich , Moskvin Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: May 2019

The management of pain – despite many anaesthetic drugs – remains to be an urgent task. If the goal is to achieve permanent pain relief – and not to temporarily mask the pain (masking pathology) – then this goal can only be achieved by treating pain with physiotherapeutic methods, the most universal and effective of which, is low level laser therapy (LLLT). The treatment methods vary fundamentally in the case of neuropathic (nonspecific, primary) pain, which includes pain with the localization of the trigger points (TP) and nociceptive (specific, secondary), which includes all types of pain resulting from trauma, inflammation, etc. When treating patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a comprehensive approach is required, using different methods of laser therapy and guided by well-known rules. These rules include setting all the correct parameters of the laser exposure (wavelength, operating mode, power, exposure, etc), limiting exposure and power to optimal values and limiting the total time of the procedure and the number of procedures per course.
Reduced Need of Infiltration Anesthesia Accompanied With Other Positive Outcomes in Diode Laser Application for Frenectomy in Children
Authors: Viet Do Hoang , Ngoc Vo Truong Nhu , Anh Le Quynh , Son Le Hoang , Chu Dinh-Toi , Ha Phung Thi Thu , Chu-Dinh Thien
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The abnormal maxillary labial frenum is common in children during the primary or mixed dentition stage. A conventional surgery for this abnormality usually requires infiltration anesthesia which leads to fear in children and consequent noncooperation during the surgery. The aim of present study was to evaluate the reduction in the need of infiltration anesthesia, intraoperative bleeding control and postoperative pain and wound healing in children when using the diode laser for abnormal labial frenum in the maxilla. Methods: The present study was carried out among 30 children attending the Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam. A Diode Laser with 810 nm wavelength and power of 0.8 W was used for frenectomy. Results: The proportion of procedures without any need of infiltration anesthesia was 70%, while 93.34% of children demonstrated positive and very positive behavior. Proportion of indolence on the first day after surgery was 83.3%. While 83.3% of children did not take any analgesics, not a single child complained of any pain 3 days after surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the use of diode laser showed several benefits in maxillary labial frenectomy in children. These included reducing the need of infiltration anesthesia, increasing the children’s cooperation as well as decreasing the postoperative pain.
Quantitative Analysis of Skin Erythema Due to Laser Hair Removal: A Diffusion Optical Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Babadi Mozhdeh , Mohajerani Ezeddin , Ataie-Fashtami Leila , Zand Nasrin , Shirkavand Afshan
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Laser hair removal needs an accurate understanding of tissue structure and chromophores content in order to optimize the selection of laser irradiation parameters. None of the optimized laser therapy might lead to side effects in skin tissue such as severe erythema, burn, scar etc. Therefore, guidance by a noninvasive real-time diagnostic method like optical spectroscopy technique is beneficial. The purpose of this survey is to analysis the skin hemoglobin spectrum quantitatively before and after hair removal laser irradiation to minimize the side effects of the procedure. Methods: To carry out a spectroscopy study, a halogen-tungsten light source was used in the wavelength region of 400-700 nm on an ocean optic device. The measurements were made on the facial area under identical conditions. Total 19 volunteers for laser hair removal by gentle laser Candela, ranging 14- 49 years old, were included in the study. A total of 18 spectra were taken from each person, 9 spectra before hair removal as a reference and 9 subsequent spectra. Colorimetry was done for all acquired before and after spectrums using Origin software (version 8.6). Then, the erythema index derived for each spectrum. Statistical analysis of correlation and normalization in colorimetry data were done using data analysis by SPSS (version 16). Results: Spectra analysis, before and after optical reflectance spectrums in laser hair removal procedure, revealed the subpeak derivation, and concentration on special visible wavelength 510- 610 nm. We studied the changes of skin chromophores absorption. The derived erythema index [E] and colorimetry parameters a*, b*, l* were compared and correlated statistically. There was a statistically considerable direct linear correlation between a* and E while inverse linear correlation was observed for l* and E and no correlation for b* and E. Conclusion: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed its potency as an accurate, noninvasive realtime as complementary method for laser treatment to detect erythema as a complication of the method, in order to optimize the parameters based on the tissue characteristics in various candidates.
Selective Removal of Necrotic Dentin in Primary Teeth Using Laser Irradiation: One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations
Authors: Polizeli Silvana Aparecida Fernandes , Curylofo-Zotti Fabiana Almeida , Valério Rodrigo Alexandre , Nemezio Mariana Alencar , Souza-Gabriel Aline Evangelista , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori
Published: May 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the child’s salivary cortisol levels, clinical performance and marginal adaptation of restorations after selective removal of necrotic dentin in primary teeth using Er: YAG laser irradiation. Methods: A double-blind clinical study was performed in children at 7-10 years. Children who had at least 2 teeth with carious lesions involving the occlusal and proximal surfaces of primary molars counterparts were selected. Removal of necrotic dentin was performed by 2 methods: Er: YAG laser irradiation and bur-preparation. Cortisol levels (n =24) was evaluated by ELISA. Clinical analysis (n =20) was performed after the restorations polish, 6 and 12 months after restorative procedure using United States Public Health Service (USPHS) method and photographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyz the marginal gap formation (n =20). The analysis of the data was performed by 95% confidence interval, Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman and Wilcoxon post hoc tests (α =5%). Results: Cortisol levels were higher during selective removal of necrotic dentin, regardless of the method used (P>0.05). After 12 months, there was no evidence of the difference in the restorations performed on cavities prepared by both methods. SEM analysis revealed that the laser-irradiated teeth showed 10% of gaps in the full extent of restoration. For bur-prepared teeth, 20% of gaps were found at the cavosurface margin. Conclusion: The salivary cortisol levels on children that received Er: YAG laser irradiation for removal the necrotic dentin was similar to the control group. Class II restorations evaluated after 1 year period did not suffer interference by the use of Er: YAG laser irradiation.