bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of placing parking parks for permanent and temporary storage in Yekaterinburg: urban planning aspect
Authors: Леонтьев Егор Васильевич , Булавина Людмила Вениаминовна
Published: October 2022

В статье представлены градостроительные характеристики районов города Екатеринбурга, влияющие на размещение автостоянок постоянного и временного хранения. Одними из основных факторов являются: удаленность района от центра города, развитость маршрутно-транспортной сети, обеспеченность района местами приложения труда, наличие скоростного общественного транспорта, коэффициент эффективности передвижения на личном и общественном транспорте. Определены принципы, по которым необходимо производить расчет парковочных мест в зависимости от характерных особенностей каждого района. Приведена методика дифференцированного расчета парковочных мест в районах города Екатеринбурга в зависимости от транспортно-планировочных характеристик.

The article considers the town-planning characteristics of the districts of Yekaterinburg, which affect the placement of parking lots for permanent and temporary storage. Some of the main factors are: the remoteness of the area from the city center, the development of the route and transport network, the provision of the area with places of application of labor, the availability of high-speed public transport, the coefficient of efficiency of movement by personal and public transport. The principles by which it is necessary to calculate parking spaces depending on the characteristic features of each area are determined. The method of differentiated calculation of parking spaces in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg, depending on the transport and planning characteristics, is given.
China - Japan - Europe: Chinese painting‘s absorption of western European traditions in the late 19th - early 20th century
Authors: Лю Тяньцюань
Published: October 2022

В статье исследуется влияние западноевропейского искусства на китайскую живопись, которое шло через опыт японских художников и обучение в Японии китайских мастеров. Роль японской культуры в освоении китайским искусством западноевропейских традиций до сих пор остается недооцененной, часто исследователи не упоминают о связях с Японией, обращаясь сразу к периоду обучения китайских художников в европейских странах, прежде всего во Франции, который был по времени позднее. Однако именно мастера Страны восходящего солнца в конце XIX - начале XX века серьезно повлияли на формирование нового «европейского» языка изобразительного искусства Китая.

The article examines the influence of Western European art on Chinese painting, which went through the experience of Japanese artists and training of Chinese masters in Japan. The role of Japanese culture in mastering the Western European traditions in Chinese art is still underestimated, and often researchers do not mention the ties with Japan, referring directly to the period of training of Chinese artists in European countries, primarily in France, which was later in time. However, it was the Japanese masters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that seriously influenced the formation of the new «European» visual language of China.
ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОЗЬЕГО И ОВЕЧЬЕГО МОЛОКА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЙОГУРТОВ
Authors: Оспанов Асан Бекешович , Щетинина Елена Михайловна , Велямов Шухрат Масимжанович , Макеева Раушан Кыдырхановна
Published: October 2022

В статье рассмотрена возможность использования овечьего и козьего молока, как основу для производства йогуртов, которые являются одним из самых потребляемых кисломолочных напитков. Простой в потреблении, полезный продукт, которому в большинстве отдают предпочтение потребители всех возрастных групп населения. Козоводство и овцеводство распространено по всему миру, что можно объяснить тем, что мелкий рогатый скот достаточно легко адаптируется в разных климатических условиях, менее привередлив к корму, а также имеет ряд преимуществ в содержании. При правильной организации содержания мелкий рогатый скот позволяет получать сравнительно большие надои относительно собственной массы в сравнении с крупным рогатым скотом. На территории республики Казахстан активно развивается овцеводство и козоводство, анализ которого представлен в статье, а с учетом роста стада количество производимого молока позволяет организовывать его промышленную переработку. Авторами изучены основные хозяйственно-полезные признаки мелкого рогатого скота, дана оценка возможным объемам получаемого молока и возможной переработки, проведен сравнительный анализ органолептических показателей, физико-химический и технологических характеристик овечьего и козьего молока. По результатам проведенных экспериментальных выработок дана дегустационная оценка качества йогуртов
Caught in the act: real-time observation of the solvent response that promotes excited-state proton transfer in pyranine
Authors: Hoberg Claudius , Talbot Justin , Shee James , Ockelmann Thorsten , DasMahanta Debasish , Novelli Fabio , Head-Gordon Martin , Havenith Martina
Published: October 2022

Photo-induced excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reactions are of central importance in many biological and chemical processes. Based on the results of a joint study using optical pump THz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we were able to elucidate the ultrafast changes in the solvation environment for three derivatives of pyranine: the photoacid HPTS, the methoxy derivative MPTS, and the photobase OPTS. Experimentally, we find damped oscillations in the THz signal at short times and our simulations enable their assignment to vibrational energy transfer beatings between the photoexcited chromophore and nearby solvent molecules. The simulations of HPTS reveal strikingly efficient sub-ps energy transfer into a particular solvent mode, that is active near 4 THz, and which can provide the requisite energy required for solvent reorganization promoting proton transfer. Similar oscillations are present in the THz signal for all three derivatives, however the signal is damped rapidly for HPTS (within 0.4 ps) and more slowly for MPTS (within 1.4 ps) and OPTS (within 2.0 ps). For HPTS, we also characterize an additional phonon-like propagation of the proton into the bulk (with 140 ps period and 83 ps damping time). Thermalization of the solvent occurs on a time scale exceeding 120 ps.
Cationic Tetrylene-Iron(0) Complexes: Access Points for Cooperative, Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Open-Shell Iron(-I) Ferrato-Tetrylenes
Authors: Hadlington Terrance , Keil Philip , Soyemi Ademola , Weisser Kilian , Limberg Christian , Szilvasi Tibor
Published: October 2022

The oxidative addition of catalytically relevant small molecules in molecular iron complexes poses a considerable challenge in achieving ‘precious metal catalysis’ utilizing this Earth abundant metal. Here, we show that non-innocent ligands based upon cationic heavier tetrylenes, EII (E = Ge, Sn), can work in synergy with a reactive iron center for the oxidative cleavage of inert bonds. Specifically, the open-shell cationic stannylene-iron(0) complex 4 (4 = [PhiPDippSn·Fe·IPr]+; PhiPDipp = {[Ph2PCH2Si(iPr)2](Dipp)N}; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; IPr = [(Dipp)NC(H)]2C:) cleaves dihydrogen under very mild condi-tions (1.5 bar, 298K), in forming bridging hydrido-complex 6, which features a [Sn-(μ-H)2-Fe] core. This reaction is readily reversible, with hydrogen being entirely extruded after simple freeze-thaw degassing of reaction mixtures, regenerating 4. Computational investigation of the mechanism incites the ne-cessity of both the Fe0 and SnII centers in the key H-H bond scis-sion step. The related GeII system, 3, does not activate dihydro-gen. However, one-electron reduction of this species leads to clean oxidative addition of one C-P linkage of the PhiPDipp ligand in an intermediary Fe-I complex, leading to FeI phosphide species 7. In contrast, the same one-electron reduction reaction of 4 gives facile access to the iron(-I) ferrato-stannylene, 8. This presents strong evidence for the intermediacy of such a species in the reduction of 3, and represents an example of a covalently bound formal iron(-I) compound. EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and supporting computational analysis strongly indicate the high localization of electron spin density at Fe-I in this unique d9-iron complex.
Basic principle of soft ionization mass spectrometry and development of ion source
Authors: luo jiehong
Published: October 2022

Since the discovery of soft ionization technology represented by electrospray, the basic principle of soft ionization technology - how analyte is charged remains an unsolved mystery. In this paper, the basic principle of soft ionization technology is discussed, some summarized basic physical and chemical principles are briefly described, and its application in the development of ion source is discussed.
Copolymerization Reactivity Ratio Inference: Determining Confidence Contours in Parameter Space via a Bayesian Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Reischke Robert
Published: October 2022

Confidence contours in parameter space are a helpful tool to compare and classify determined estimators. For more intricate parameter estimations of non-linear nature or complex error structures, the procedure of determining confidence contours is a statistically complex task. For polymer chemists, such particular cases are encountered in determination of reactivity ratios in copolymerization. Hereby, determination of reactivity ratios in copolymerization requires non-linear parameter estimation. Additionally, data may possess (possibly correlated) errors in both dependent and independent variables. A common approach for such non-linear estimations is the error-in-variables model yielding statistically unbiased estimators. Regarding reactivity ratios, to date published procedures neglect the non-Gaussian structure of the error estimates which is a consequence of the non-linearity of the model. In this publication, this issue is addressed by employing a Bayesian hierarchical model, which correctly propagates the errors of all variables. We detail the statistical procedure in chemist friendly language to encourage confident usage of our tool. Our approach is based on a \texttt{Python} program requiring minimal installation effort. A detailed manual of the code is included in the appendix of this work, in an effort to make this procedure available to all interested polymer chemists.
Label-free identification of spore-forming bacteria using ultra-broadband multiplex CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) microspectroscopy
Authors: Tanaka Kyosuke , Oketani Ryosuke , Terada Takeshi , Leproux Philippe , Morono Yuki , Kano Hideaki
Published: October 2022

Spore-forming bacteria accumulate dipicolinic acid (DPA) to form spores to survive in extreme environments. Vibrational spectroscopy is widely used to detect DPA to elucidate the existence of the bacteria, while a vegetative cell, another form of spore-forming bacteria, has not studied deeply. Here we applied coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to spectroscopically identify both spores and vegetative cells without staining or molecular tagging. The spores were identified by the strong CARS signals due to dipicolinic acid (DPA). Furthermore, we observed bright spots in the vegetative cells in the CARS image at 1735 cm-1. The vegetative cells contained molecular species with C=O bonds because of this vibrational mode being associated with the carbonyl group. One of the candidate molecular species is diketopimelic acid, a DPA precursor. The results indicate that the observed vegetative cell is in the sporulation process. CARS spectra can be used to monitor the maturation or formation of spores.
CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF CONSOLIDATION OF THE WORLD COMMUNITY
Authors: Алешукина Светлана Александровна
Published: October 2022

Исследуются международные и национальные правовые акты, закрепляющие культурные права и свободы человека, отражается значение культуры для успешного развития социального государства, необходимость поддержания культурного диалога между странами для обеспечения мира и безопасности. Делается вывод о недопустимости дискриминации в вопросах реализации культурных прав по признаку расы, национальности и гражданской принадлежности, подверженности культуры политическим факторам, а также о необходимости придания культуре наднационального характера с целью сохранения многообразия культур и культурной идентичности народов.

The article examines international and national legal acts that enshrine the cultural rights and freedoms of a person, reflects the importance of culture for the successful development of a welfare state, the need to maintain a cultural dialogue between countries to ensure peace and security. The conclusion is made about the inadmissibility of discrimination in the implementation of cultural rights on the basis of race, nationality and citizenship, the susceptibility of culture to political factors, as well as the need to give culture a supranational character in order to preserve the diversity of cultures and the cultural identity of peoples.
THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY: BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE FUTURE
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Николаевич
Published: October 2022

Рассматриваются характеристики системы образования России во второй половине XIX века как важного этапа в развитии отечественного образования в контексте его роли в качестве канала социальной мобильности.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the Russian education system in the second half of the 19th century as a significant period in the development of national education in the context of its role as a means of social mobility.
Artificial Intelligence and contractual liability under Polish law. Selected issues
Authors: Pfeifer-Chomiczewska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

Background: Growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sphere, and its ensuing ‘robot-human’ and ‘robot-environment’ interactions, can certainly affect the rules of contractual liability.

Research purpose: The article analyses how AI and its commercialization can impact on Polish legal regulations governing contractual relations and the contractual liability. The purpose of this article is to present the issue of the AI impact on the conclusion and performance of contracts in Polish civil law, with particular emphasis on contractual liability arising in this context, as well as potential problems associated with it, not only for parties to a contract, but also for lawyers who have to face a puzzle of finding legal solutions to technological progress making real mechanisms that until recently have been treated in science-fiction categories.

Methods: The analysis is based on the dogmatic and legal method.

Conclusions: It is necessary to distinguish between situations where artificial intelligence is a subject of the contract, and cases where artificial intelligence is a party to the contract. In the former case, it seems that the current general provisions on contractual liability, as well as the provisions governing individual contracts, can be used to a considerable extent. However, contractual liability seems to be much more problematic when a robot is a party to the contract. This issue is inseparable from the developing of intelligent robots (artificial intelligence) and possibly the granting of legal personality to them
Reconstruction of Landscapes and Paleoclimatic Conditions at the Early Middle Ages Cemeteries of the Southern Cis-Urals: Bustanai Burial Mounds and Birsk Burial Ground (Based on Palynological Data)
Authors:   R. G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research UFRC RAS, Kolonskikh A. G. , Ruslanova R. R. ,   National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kurmanov R. G. ,   Institute of Geology UFRC RAS
Published: October 2022

Interest in the palynological study of deposits of the cemeteries on the territory of Southern Cis-Urals was rare. Moreover, the results of such a few works have not been published. The purpose of this study was to restore paleoecological conditions at the time of the functioning of the Bustanai burial mounds and Birsk burial ground based on the results of palynological analysis. Bustanai burial mounds, numbering 63 barrows, is a part of the Bustanai archaeological complex. The settlement included in the complex is a fortified settlement of the Bakhmutino culture of the Early Middle Ages (3–7th centuries AD). The Birsk burial ground, numbering 692 burials, is the most important site of the Early Middle Ages in the study area. In total, 15 samples were analyzed by the palynological method: 5 samples from barrow 45 at the Bustanai burial mounds and 10 samples from excavation 2 of the Birsk burial ground. The territory of the Birsk burial ground was a synanthropized edge of a coniferous-broad-leaved forest, and in the vicinity of the Bustanai burial mounds, floodplain willow forests were probably widespread. Thanks to comprehensive archaeological and palynological studies of two burial grounds and cultural layers that formed in the Early Middle Ages at a number of archaeological sites in the Southern Fore-Urals region, it was possible to establish zoning in the distribution of plant communities in this time. In the more northern regions at this time coniferous (pine) forests with an admixture of broadleaved species (Birsk settlement) and coniferous-deciduous forests (Birsk burial ground) grew. To the south (fortified settlement Ufa 2) broad-leaved and small-leaved broad-leaved forests with an admixture of conifers were widespread. In open areas, grasses, representatives of meadow forbs, and various synanthropic (ruderal and pasqual) plants grew. The climate of the Early Middle Ages was cooler and drier in the northern regions, temperate and more humid in the vicinity of Ufa. The gaps in the accumulation of palynological material discovered by us in the excavations of the Bustanai burial mounds and the Kara-Abyz settlement may also indicate a deterioration in climatic conditions within the study area in the Early Middle Ages.
Historical and Cultural Origins of Cosmological Representations of the Balagan Buryats of the Bulagat Tribe (Late 19th – Early 20th Century)
Authors:   East Siberian State Institute of Culture, Dashieva N. B.
Published: October 2022

Cosmological representations associated with cosmogonic plots belong to the little-studied problems of the traditional culture of the Buryats. The purpose of this article is to identify the historical and cultural origins of cosmological representations of the Balagan Buryats of the Bulagat tribe, personified in the images of celestial deities with the common name “Kings of Waters” (Bur. Ukhan-khat). The relevance of the study is because the images of these deities in the plots of cosmogonic myths and shamanic iconography of the Balagan Bulagats differ from the traditions of all other Buryats groups of the Baikal region. The methods of comparative analysis of the specifics of their cult in the local traditions of the Buryats used in the study, historical and comparative analysis of their leading elements in the language, mythology, folklore, cosmography, and calendar of the Indo-European and historical Indo-Iranian peoples of Eurasia presented their images as a personification of cosmological classifiers. Thus, the images of anthropomorphic figures with three rays on their heads in the iconography of the Kings of the Waters at the Balagan Bulagats go back to the images of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian thunder gods with the functions of defenders of light and servants of their cult, who performed their rituals through singing and dancing. The Buryats' ideas about the origin of the shaman from the eagle and his ability to “travel” in different worlds go back to their images. The views of the Balagan Bulagats about a three-part vertical picture of the world have commonality with Hindu cosmography with the idea of the Polar Star as the top of the sky and the beginning of the process of creation of time in the evening, spatially correlated with the direction “northwest”. The name of the head of the heavenly gods with the functions of the creators of the “Kings of waters” reveals a lexical and semantic commonality with the Scythian term ‘Ud’, reflecting the concept of the soul as a substance bestowed by heaven, which, after the death of a person, separates from the form-body and ascends to heaven again. The study revealed the historical and cultural origins of the cosmological representations of the Balagan Buryats of the Bulagat tribe in the motifs of Indo-European mythology and related worldviews of the peoples of the Scythian cultural circle
El Oiyn Holiday as an Ethno-Cultural Symbol in the Image Construction of the Altai Republic
Authors:   Gorno-Altai State University, Tadina N. A. , Ebel E. M. ,   Gorno-Altai State University, Yabyshtaev T. S. ,   Independent Researcher
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to highlight the ethnocultural role of the El Oiyn holiday as a symbol that has semantic meanings that are important while constructing the image of the Altai Republic. The relevance of the topic is manifested in the fact that, thanks to the established tradition to celebrate the event together with another important event or an anniversary date, El Oiyn 2022 is dedicated to the Year of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of Russia and the 100th anniversary of the Oirot Autonomous Region creation. The source database of the study which includes field materials, documentation, information from the regional press, and the Internet, made it possible to conclude that “society and government materialize memory” through the creation of museum expositions, book and photo exhibitions, holidays and festivals dedicated to the date of the Oirot autonomy formation, renamed the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region in 1948. It is revealed that the national holiday El Oiyn has acquired the features of a cultural event, has become a kind of statement in the cultural and sports spheres. Due to the tourist popularity of Altai, the El Oiyn holiday is becoming focused on the commercial needs of the leisure industry. The image of the Republic of Altai is manifested in the demonstration of the El Oiyn holiday as an ethnocultural symbol, but therefore the born folk meaning of the first holidays is lost. The experience of holding the El Oiyn holiday allows us to conclude that the Altai national holiday is held not only at the level of an official event but acts as a form of self-expression of the Altaians’ modern ethnic culture. The characteristic of the ritual practice to honor the natural environment of the Altai-deity, carried out by the elders in the morning on the opening day of the El Oiyn holiday, is also given. Presented a review of documents, namely regional laws, adopted in connection with the organizing problems, they consider the traditional symbolism of honoring the Altai nature while determining the place and date of the event, which has acquired national significance and acts as an interregional holiday attracting folklore groups and amateur athletes from neighboring regions. The El Oiyn holiday is not an exclusively Altai phenomenon, but one of the forms of transition from the culture of the past to a new ethnic culture.
Modern Climate Change in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Hadri Y. El , Berlinsky M. A. , Slizhe M. О.
Published: October 2022

Topicality. Climate change in the Black Sea region in recent decades poses certain risks to the econo-mies of countries of region, and may have a significant negative impact on the state of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The main areas of economic activity in the Black Sea are maritime freight, oil and gas production and transportation, industrial extraction of marine biological resources, recreational and tourist activities in coastal areas, etc. The Black Sea significantly affects the climate of the south-eastern part of the European continent, forming regional climatic features in the area. The development of measures to adapt to climate change requires the collection and analysis of data on the state of the climate system and the current characteristics of their interaction and feedback.

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to review and analyze information on regional climate change observed in recent decades to find patterns and possible links with the variability of the hydrological regime of the Black Sea.

Results. This paper contains information on the main climatic characteristics of the Black Sea region, such as air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, as well as indicators of cyclonic activity.

Conclusions. In recent decades, the Black Sea region has seen an increase in air temperature caused by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, in the form of increased recurrence of anticyclonic processes, leading to a decrease in clouds and an increase in shortwave radiation entering the underlying surface. At the same time, since the mid-2000s, the increase in average annual air temperature has increased. The average annual rainfall is maintained in most parts of the region, with the exception of the eastern part of the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the coastal areas of Georgia, where there is an increase in both rainfall and the frequency of extreme rainfall. At the same time, there is some increase in both the intensity and amount of winter precipitation over the Black Sea. Wind speeds in the Black Sea region as a whole show a decrease in their values, with some increase in the western part of the Black Sea, which is also associated with changes in the peculiarities of circulating processes that develop over South-Eastern Europe.
Relief-Forming Role of the Ice Factor in the Coastal Area of the North-West Part of the Black Sea
Authors: Murkalov O. B.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To define the role of the ice factor in morpholithodynamics of the coastal area of the North-West part of the Black Sea.

Methods. Field and in-office research was carried out in the North-West part of the Black Sea during the winter seasons of 2005-2019. The research work included geometrical leveling of the beach and the surface of shore-fast ice, drilling of the ice layer, depth sounding, sampling of deposits and of an ice core. The content of deposits in shore-fast ice was determined by weighting them after melting and evaporating a known volume of an ice core.

Results. Formation of shore-fast ice, ice and hummock ride-ups, freezing of the surface of accumulative forms, congelation of fast ice with the beach surface and the bottom, freezing into ice of deposits thrown on the surface of fast ice, formation of meltwater runoff channels, melted deposit banks, melt holes had been observed.

Shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 1.0 to 1.6 meters thick. Hummocks 0.8 to 2.3 meters high were formed. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice in Odesa Bay was 15.7 g/m2 to 111.5 g/m2. Within the protected water area of Odesa coast protection complex, the thickness of ice was 0.5 m. Repeated measurements revealed a temporary accumulation of deposits at the depths of 1.5 to 2.0 m at the distance of 30-40 m from the water edge. The average content of deposits in shore-fast ice within the protected water area was 186.5 g/m2. The thickness of ice on the surface of beaches on the open shore was 0.2-0.5 m. Banks of sand and gravel-pebble deposits between 0.4-0.8 m and 1 m high and with the volume of 1.2-1.4 m3/m were formed on the frozen beach surface by onshore flow and storm overwash.

Conclusions. In the North-West part of the Black Sea, the impact of the ice factor is characterized by rhythmic observation during severe, moderate and warm winter. Generally, it hasn’t significant impact. In somelocal points during cold winter may results in a significant alteration of the relief and deposits, and causes damage to hydraulic structures.

Ice gets saturated with deposits mostly when submerging to the bottom during ebbing, when contacting the beach, being carried directly onto its surface and along cracks, and during aeolian movement.

For artificial beaches of Odesa coast protection complex, the average content of deposits in ice is defined by peculiarities of formation of shore-fast ice and by hydrodynamics of the water area of these coast sections.

The shapes of relief, formed under impact from the ice factor, are minor; they exist for the duration of its impact, and disappear after the storm ends.
Comprehensive Ecological and Analytical Assessment of the “Car-Road-Environment System” on the Example of the Road M-29 Section
Authors: Adamova G. V.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. is to highlight the methodological approach and the results of the integrated ecological and analytical assessment of the environmental impact of the car-road-environment system, namely the structure of interaction between internal and external factors and their spatial analysis, including the actual assessment of the ecological state of the roadside space of a selected section of the road M-29 (Е-105) on the example of accumulation in the biota of roadside space heavy metals of road origin.

Methods. Expert analytical analysis, T. Saati's hierarchy analysis method, field studies of vegetation and soil, laboratory studies of the content of heavy metals in selected samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Results. Analysis of the complex impact of the "car-road-environment" (CRE) system on the state of the natural environment made it possible to develop a comprehensive multi-level hierarchical structure of the influence of the "CRE" system on environmental components for subsequent environmental and analytical assessment. According to the results of the environmental-analytical assessment, it was determined that the components of the natural environment are significantly affected by the "CRE" system, with living organisms of roadside space being the most stressed (43,08% of the total influence). When carrying out field studies, it was found out that it is advisable to use direct measurements when choosing the information content of soil and vegetation sampling points. After processing laboratory studies, an excess of the MPC of heavy metals was revealed in the samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space at a distance of 10 m, 50 m and 100 m from the road bed, a rank series of accumulation of heavy metals in the studied samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space was established.

Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that the complexity of the impact of the "CRE" system on the environment in a significant way depends on the biotic component of the roadside space, which, as a rule, until that time received little attention. It was concluded that the biota of the roadside space is not only susceptible to accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, but can be used for effective integrated monitoring of the ecological state of the environment in the zone of influence of roads.
“Flipped” method for teaching grammar of a foreign language at non-linguistic faculties
Authors: Kondratyuk M. , Romaniuk L.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the theoretical description, analysis, and recommendations for the use of the “flipped” method for teaching foreign language grammar, which is introduced into the educational process of higher education institutions. The essence of the technology of flipped learning consists in the reorganization of the educational process – the home study of new material and classroom practice to reinforce it allows to make the learning process more effective. The “flipped” method has its advantages and disadvantages both for teachers and students. The advantages include intensification of the use of classroom time; proactivity, increased responsibility, and autonomy of students; conscious assimilation of educational material; creativity and critical thinking; taking into account the specifics of professionally oriented education, age characteristics and psychological needs of students; an opportunity to work on an individual schedule; archiving of materials. The “flipped” method encourages proactive schemes of teacher-student interaction. Experiments have shown a positive attitude of millennials to the inverted format after a period of adaptation and development. The level of acquisition of the new material depends on the internal motivation of the student. The classroom interactive and group-based tasks create and maintain external motivation.
Pedagogical grammar as the framework of tefl research. Part 11. The impact of the monitor on the quality of the foreign language acquisition
Authors: Chernovaty L.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the paper is explained by the need of establishing a common framework to integrate the research in teaching foreign languages, specifically in the development of grammar competence, into a single area with uniform approaches, terminology and criteria. Its aim is to analyse the notion of the ‘monitor’ with the purpose of its further accounting for in the development of academic programs and actual teaching. Basing on the analysis of experimental data in the half-a-century retrospective, the author attempts to generalize the data concerning the effect of the monitor on the quality of the foreign-language acquisition. It was found that in some cases, the experimental results were strongly affected by the mainstream ideas predominant at the particular periods in the specific area, such as the concept the overwhelming advantage of conscious approach in the Soviet theories of the 1960-1970s. The paper shows the methodological shortcomings of the experimental design, which affected the results in those enquiries, like the principal use of discrete tests, non-critical confusion of declarative and procedural knowledge, short-term experiments, inadequate ways of the subjects’ speech samples elicitation etc. Though the later research demonstrated a greater variety of results, the monitor hypothesis’ validity is open to debate because of the impossibility to establish not only the degree of the monitor’s participation in an individual’s speech production, but even the very fact of this participation. The most common proofs of the monitor use are the subjects’ own evidence, when they try describing the way they use their knowledge of the specific rule in the speech production process. However, in many cases, it is difficult, even for the speakers themselves, to explain the way of editing their own utterances. The criticism also concerns the fuzzy definition of the monitor itself, resulting in its occasional coincidence with the meaning of ‘learning’ (in Krashen’s terminology), inability of the theory to explain the receptive types of speech activity, its limitedness to syntax and its problematic ability to establish the use of monitor in specific cases. Thus, though the probability of the speakers’ monitor use is beyond any doubt, the degree of its application depends on a variety of factors, probably extends far beyond the way a language is acquired, and needs additional research.
Communicative competence of specialists
Authors: Shmelkova H. , Nadtochiy N.
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the formation of business communicative competence of future specialists. Due to the ever-increasing intensity of communication in different areas the study of the phenomenon of business communication is particularly relevant today. The specificity and the complexity of the problems that arise here result from the fact that communication is carried out in incompatible, mostly cultural stereotypes of thinking and behavior, including interaction in professional situations. Communication needs to be effective in any sphere of life. The authors consider communicative competence as professionally necessary, and this proves the urgency of the problem. Communicative competence is seen as the ability to work effectively in a work team, the ability to take into account the individual psychological and national characteristics of a communication partner, use business etiquette, manage conflict and interact fruitfully in cooperation. Business communication involves a constant flow of information. It is the essence of management. The basic functions of management (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling) cannot be fulfilled well without effective communication. Feedback is an integral part of business communication. Business communication is subordinated to the interests of business, the success of which depends on compliance with the rules of legal nature and the rules of interpersonal communication. The authors identified models of business communication. In the practice of business communication, there are models of business communications that are relevant to a particular situation and are implemented depending on the interests of people’s activity. The authors consider the essence and importance of business communications as one of the components of the management process. They analyze and systematize the tasks of business communication, study the types of business communications that have different styles of information transfer, and define the functions of business communications of the enterprise. It is established that it is necessary to have a certain set of ideas, knowledge, information about the principles of business communication to achieve high results of any kind of commercial activity. It has been proven that the ability to successfully conduct business negotiations, competent conclusion of business agreements has become an integral part of the professional culture of managers at all levels. The authors also outline ways to improve internal business communications that will ensure the effective operation of the organization and its positive image.
MUCINOUS CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY IN PERITONEAL FLUID
Authors: Rachmita Prima Adelia , Nizar Rachmadijah Zuryati , Setiawati Yessy
Published: October 2022

Peritoneal cytology is crucial in the diagnosis and staging of abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Diagnostic pitfalls can be avoided by having an understanding of the different methods of sampling, a familiarity with cytomorphology of the various specimen types, adequate clinical history, and an ability to prepare cell blocks and/or review other prior or concurrent specimens. Ovarian cancer is the second most frequent type of gynecological malignancy but the most lethal. While high-grade serous carcinoma is the most common histological subtype, mucinous carcinoma of the ovary (MCO) was believed to constitute around 4% of ovarian malignancies.  It is critical to diagnose these rare tumors correctly to ensure proper treatment, avoid mortality, and preserve fertility for young women.
MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HEALTHY MIDDLE AGE POPULATION USING CERAD TEST
Authors: Arafah Nur Faisah , Muis Abdul , Akbar Muhammad , Aliah Amiruddin , Kaelan Cahyono , Patellongi Ilhamjaya
Published: October 2022

This study aims to find out the relationship between level of education, occupation, dan number of hobbies with mild cognitive impairment in middle age. The study was conducted among healthy sample in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network from March to May 2012. This  research is an observational study. The samples were examined using CERAD test to assess mild cognitive impairment as a dependent variable in middle age group, and were related to education level, occupation and number of hobby as an independent variables. The data were analyzed using chi square and other test according to study goals and measurement scale. The results of the study reveals significant relationship between level of education, occupation and number of hobbies (significancy for each variable : 0,000) Low education, unemployment and less number of hobbies were powerfull risks of developing mild cognitive impairment.
M. Scott Peck ve Manevi Tekamül Aşamaları Teorisi
Authors: ULU Mustafa
Published: October 2022

M. Scott Peck, din ile bilim, özellikle de psikoloji bilimi arasındaki ilişki konusunda otorite olarak kabul edilen isimlerden birisidir. 1992 yılında Peck, APA tarafıdan “psikiyatri alanında bir eğitimci, araştırmacı ve klinisyen olarak gösterdiği üstün başarı nedeniyle” seçkin bir psikiyatrist öğretim görevlisi olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmalarının ortak vurgusu, bilim ve din düalizmi arasında kalan ve manevi krizlerine çözüm arayan insanlara bilim ve dini birleştirmenin mümkün olduğunu ve sevginin iyileştirici gücünün maneviyat ve anlam krizleriyle mücadele etmekte kullanılabilecek en güçlü silah olduğunu göstermektir. Manevi açıdan gelişmek isteyen insanların hangi aşamalardan geçtiğini göstermek için ise Fowler’in İnanç Gelişim Aşamaları teorisinden esinlenerek Manevi Tekamül Aşamaları’nı geliştirmiştir. Bu modele göre insanlar, ilke ve düzenin olmadığı ve benmerkezciliğin yaygın olarak görüldüğü kaotik-anti-sosyal aşamadan kurumsal yapılara ve organizasyonlara bağlanılarak teslimiyetçi bir anlayışla bireysel kaoslarından kurtulmaya çalıştıkları düzenli-kurumsal aşamaya, daha sonra ise zihinsel olgunlaşma ve bilimsel perspektifin etkisiyle bir tür agnostik ya da ateistik görünüme sahip olan şüpheci-bireysel aşamadan tabiattaki dengeyi fark etmeye başladıkları ve iyi ve kötü, bağışlama ve merhamet, şefkat ve sevgi hakkında daha derin bir kavrayışa sahip oldukları mistik-toplumsal aşamaya doğru ilerlemektedirler.
Bu çalışma ile dünya genelinde derin bir iz bırakan M. Scott Peck’in hayatı ve eserleri üzerinden tanıtılması ve Manevi Tekamül Aşamaları teorisinin nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman/metin analizi tekniği kullanılarak açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır.
DOES THE CATEGORY OF PERSON EXIST IN JAPANESE?
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Alpatov Vladimir M.
Published: October 2022

It is well-known that the category of person is considered one of the main grammatical categories of verb. The European linguistic tradition singled this category out from its beginning. Some European and American grammars of Japanese recognized the grammatical category of person (B.Y. Chamberlain, A. Rose-Inness, T. Navron-Voytinskaya). However the categories of etiquette (politeness) are mixed with person. Japanese has the developed system of the designation of social attitudes between the speaker and other persons (interlocutors or objects of speech). The cause of the confusion is the influence of the grammatical system of the European languages on the investigators. However the opposition of the forms of 1st person and 2nd person exists in the imperative, and such forms are numerous: kake ‘write!’ (rude), o-kaki kudasai ‘write!’ (polite), kakoo ‘let us write’. The opposition of personal pronouns of all the persons exist too although they are not very common in Japanese.
ATTR-amyloidosis - a systemic disease involving the kidneys
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Anikonova L.I. , Vorobyeva O.A. ,   National Centre of Clinical Morphological Diagnostics, Bakulina N.V. ,   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
Published: October 2022

ATTR amyloidosis (transthyretin amyloidosis) is a progressive, fatal disease characterized by the accumulation of transthyretin amyloid mainly in the peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic) and heart, as well as in the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, eyeballs, and ligaments, which impairs the normal function of organs and systems. The hereditary form of ATTR amyloidosis, or ATTRv amyloidosis, is found all over the world and is characterized by broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting in late diagnosis. The kidneys are a potential target organ in ATTRv amyloidosis. Clinically, nephropathy is manifested by albuminuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, or decreased renal function. A nephrologist may be involved in the diagnosis of amyloid nephropathy/ATTRv amyloidosis in a patient with symptoms of renal damage in an endemic region or with a family history of ATTRv amyloidosis, or, more difficult, in the diagnosis of a sporadic case of ATTRv amyloidosis when symptoms of nephropathy were detected in a patient in a non-endemic region without a known family history of amyloidosis. The diagnosis of amyloidosis, especially is sporadic cases, requires the nephrologist to know the specific symptoms, the so-called "red flags" of ATTR amyloidosis that allow suspecting amyloidosis, and methods to confirm the diagnosis. Kidney biopsy in the presence of nephropathy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Congo-red staining of biopsy specimens with subsequent visualization of the apple-green birefringence of congophilic masses with polarized light is crucial for histological confirmation of the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is used for amyloid typing. The less available method for typing is mass spectrometry of affected tissue. Detection of "red flags" of amyloidosis in a patient with nephropathy makes it possible to diagnose ATTR amyloidosis in some cases without a biopsy, by TTR gene sequencing or myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate. After amyloidosis is diagnosed, it is necessary to conduct a detailed examination for assessing the damage to potential target organs, which requires an interdisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapies can slow the progression of neuropathy and cardiomyopathy, and presumably nephropathy.
OSMANLI TOPLUMUNDA MÜHTEDİLERİN DİN DEĞİŞTİRME NEDENLERİ VE YAŞADIKLARI PROBLEMLERE DAİR BAZI ÖRNEKLER
Authors: UZUN Celalettin
Published: October 2022

Osmanlı toplumu çok kültürlü bir yapıya sahipti. Farklı inançlara sahip insanlar dini ve kültürel özgürlükler sayesinde ibadetlerini rahat, huzurlu ve güvenli bir şekilde yerine getirmişlerdir. Böylece mabetlerini yüzyıllarca yaşatarak günümüze kadar ulaştırabilmişlerdir. Öte taraftan farklı inanç ve kültürlere sahip insanlar arasında yoğun bir etkileşim de vardı. Karşılıklı etkileşimin sonunda mensubu olduğu dini değiştirerek İslam’a girenler de oluyordu. Bu tercihin altında yatan pek çok farklı etken bulunmaktaydı. Ancak bu kişilerin eski dinlerinden vazgeçerek Müslümanca yaşamaya karar verdikten sonra hangi sorunlarla karşı karşıya kaldıkları ve yaşamlarının nasıl etkilendiği bir merak konusudur.

Biz de bu çalışmada arşiv belgelerinden hareketle, öncelikle din değiştirme olgusunun altında yatan temel nedenlere kısaca değindik. Sonrasında ise yine belgelerden hareketle Osmanlı toplumunda bir kısım örneklerden yola çıkarak sonradan Müslüman olanların yaşadıkları zorluklara yer vermeye çalıştık.

Sonuç olarak kendi özgür iradeleriyle sonradan Müslüman olan kişilerin bazılarının bu tercihlerinden dolayı yakın aile ve çevresinden, gayrimüslim din adamları ile yabancı devlet konsoloslarından kaynaklı pek çok sorunla mücadele etmek zorunda kaldığı görülmektedir.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF FRAGMENTATION OF URINARYCONCREMENTS IN URETER BY HOLMIUM LITHOTRIPTER
Authors: Eremenko Alexey N
Published: October 2022

Purpose: development of a mathematical model for prediction of the duration of transurethral contact holmium lithotripsy in the ureter area, which enables to estimate the duration of lithotripsy on the basis of the patient ‘s preoperative examination results. It has been found that the number of postoperative complications associated with contact laser lithotripsy depends on the duration of the concrements crushing process. Therefore, knowledge of the expected time of lithotripsy before the beginning of the operation will allow correct splicing of the operation tactics and preventive therapy in accordance with the expected duration of lithotripsy. In order to build the model, experimental measurements of the duration of the transurethral contact laser lithotripsy in vivo were carried out by the holmium lithotripter in the fragmentation of urinary concrements in the various sections of the ureter. Lithotripsy time is represented as sum of concrements crushing time (net fragmentation) and additional costs for auxiliary manipulations inevitable during lithotripsy. When estimating the expected time of «pure» crushing, the weight of the concrements, the specific value of mass loss under the influence of laser radiation and the parameters of the holmium lithotripter, in particular the energy and frequency of laser pulses, are taken into account. According to the results of experimental data, a multi-factor regulatory model was built, which allows to estimate the time of holmium lithotripsy.