bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: High-grade glioma resection in the Broca area without functional loss
Authors: Torquette Sarah Louredo , Almada Bruno Henrique Gonçalves , Almeida Juliana Vieira Queiroz , Cançado Sérgio Augusto Vieira
Published: December 2021

Context: The Broca’s (BA) and Wernicke’s Area (WA) are fundamental for the language function. Surgical interventions in proximal areas can cause functional deficits. The left brain (LB) contains BA and WA in 92.5-97% of the right-handed individuals and 2/3 of the left-handed. The mapping of these functional areas is done with functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), which identifies which cerebral hemisphere is responsible for to the language function. In slow-growing tumor lesions, there might be plasticity in these areas, which allows tumor resection with functional recovery. In high-grade tumors, growth is fast and there is usually no significant plasticity. This article aims to demonstrate that even in high-grade tumors, brain plasticity in language areas can occur. Case report: T.R.P., male, 20 years old, right-handed, with type-2 neurofibromatosis. Evaluated due to the epileptic seizure with a lesion suggestive of high-grade glioma (IV-WHO) affecting the lower frontal gyrus in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Undergoing surgical resection with awake craniotomy for functional language mapping. Functional studies have shown that the anatomical area corresponding to BA had no function and was surgically removed. T.R.P. evolved without functional deficits and fMRI showed complete resection of the Broca’s area and the anatomo-pathological exam confirmed that the tumor was a high-grade Glioma (IV-WHO). Conclusions: Even in the presence of a fast-growing lesion, the possibility of brain plasticity in the language areas should be considered. When plasticity is found, complete resection of the tumor is possible using invasive brain mapping, which has a direct impact on prognosis and survival.
AGenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA agenesis): an integrative review
Authors: Araújo Maria Tereza Corrêa de , Leite Amanda Virgínia Oliveira , Leal Ana Clara Sousa , Almeida Daniel Jonatan de Aguiar , Correia Iris Maria de Miranda , Lopes David Plácido
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The ICA agenesis is a rare anomaly, an incidental finding whose incidence is lower than 0,01%. It is predominantly asymptomatic, because of the development of a collateral circulation, though it can present nonspecific symptoms, that result from insufficient blood flow, due to the development of atherosclerosis in vessels that previously supported the blood flow in the absence of the ICA, and by the association with brain aneurysm. Objectives: Conduct an integrative review about the ICA agenesis, describing the aspects and importance of vascular changes. Methods: It is an integrative revision that includes articles indexed in the SCIELO and PUBMED databases, using descriptors, with articles from the last 5 years. Results: The ICA agenesis can be unilateral or bilateral, predominantly on the left side. The main collateral pathways are the Circle of Willis and the transcranial collateral vessels of the external carotid artery. Differential diagnosis, like total occlusion or dissection, should be excluded by the inspection of the carotid canal in the CT, because the demonstration of a normal carotid canal excludes developmental anomalies of the ICA. The MRI and the angiography, combined with CT and Doppler ultrasound allow an accurate diagnosis. Conclusion: It is important to consider the possibility of ICA agenesis in the investigation of nonspecific symptoms, when other more prevalent causes have already been discarded, since these patients have an increased incidence of several other intracranial diseases, such as cerebral aneurysms with an association of 25-44%, that if identified in time, can avoid severe damages.
Analysis of Cognition and Postural Control of Individuals Post Hospitalization by COVID-19
Authors: Silva Erika Christina Gouveia e , Godoy Caroline Gil , Oliveira Danielle Brancolini , Gambeta Amislaine Cristina , Silva Elizabeth Mendes , Campos Camila Machado , Carvalho Celso Ricardo Fernandes , Tanaka Clarice , Schmitt Ana Carolina Basso , Fu Carolina , Nakagawa Naomi Kondo , Pompeu José Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Background: Cognitive damage is observed in those hospitalized by COVID-19, which may be associated with hypoxia and sedation, but it is not established whether there is an association with postural control. Objective: To verify the correlation between cognition and postural control of individuals hospitalized by COVID-19. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study at a referral hospital for the treatment of severe cases by COVID-19. Method: The primary end point was cognition (10 CS) and the secondary end points with postural control (Brief Best Test), mobility (Time Up and Go - TUG) and muscular endurance and strength (time to sit and stand 5 times and 1 minute [min]). Data analysis was performed using the JASP software and a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. For descriptive analysis, mean, standard deviation and frequency were used. Pearson’s coefficient test was used to analyze possible correlation between variables. Results: As preliminary results, 91 patients with average age (59.29 ± 11.37) years, 54.94% female and 45.05% male were evaluated. There was a weak negative correlation between 10CS and Brief (r = -0.270; p = 0.013), a strong positive correlation between 10CS and sitting and standing time 5 times (r = 0.404; p<0.001) and a negative correlation between 10CS and sitting test and raise 1 me. (r = -0.342; p = 0.002). There was no association between 10CS and TUG over 12.6 seconds. Conclusion: In patients who presented cognitive deficit after hospitalization due to COVID-19, an association with deficit in postural control, resistance and muscle strength was observed.
Resolving Economic Dispatch with Uncertainty Effect in Microgrids Using Hybrid Incremental Particle Swarm Optimization and Deep Learning Method
Authors: Rohiem Nasyith Hananur , Soeprijanto Adi , Putra Dimas Fajar Uman , Syai’in Mat , Sulistiawati Irrine Budi , Zahoor Muhammad , Shah Luqman Ali
Published: December 2021

Microgrids are one example of a low voltage distributed generation pattern that can cover a variety of energy, such as conventional generators and renewable energy. Economic dispatch (ED) is an important function and a key of a power system operation in microgrids. There are several procedures to find the optimum generation. The first step is to find every feasible state (FS) for thermal generator ED. The second step is to find optimum generation based on FS using incremental particle swarm optimization (IPSO), FS is assumed that all units are activated. The third step is to train the input and output of the IPSO into deep learning (DL). And the last step is to compare DL output with IPSO. The microgrids system in this paper considered 10 thermal units and a wind plant with power generation based on probabilistic data. IPSO shows good results by being capable to generate a total generation as the load requirement every hour for 24 h. However, IPSO has a weakness in execution times, from 10 experiments the average IPSO process takes 30 min. DL based on IPSO can make the execution time of its ED function faster with an 11 input and 10 output architecture. From the same experiments with IPSO, DL can produce the same output as IPSO but with a faster execution time. From the total cost side, wind energy is affecting to reduce total cost until USD 22.86 million from IPSO and USD 22.89 million from DL.
Analisis Pengaruh Electronic Word Of Mouth Dan Citra Destinasi Terhadap Minat Berkunjung (Studi Kasus Ladaya Kutai Kartanegara)
Authors: Dilla Dilla , Raharjo Sugeng , Suprapto Heru
Published: December 2021

Abstract:

               The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electronic word of mouth and destination image variables on visiting interest either partially or simultaneously. Besides that, to find out the variables that have the most dominant influence on visiting interest.

               This research is a quantitative study using multiple regression analysis techniques with the help of the SPSS 20.0 for Window program, using a questionnaire with a sample of 91 (ninety one) from a population of 910 (nine hundred and ten) visitors to Ladaya. The results showed that the variable electronic word of mouth (X1) and destination image (X2) had a simultaneous and partial effect on visiting interest (Y). From the t test, it can be seen that the electronic word of mouth (X1) variable has a greater t-count coefficient than the destination image (4.631>3.881). Thus, it can be concluded that the electronic word of mouth (X1) variable has the most dominant influence on interest in visiting Ladaya Kutai Kartanegara.

 

Keywords: Electronic Word Of Mouth, Destination Image, Visiting Interest
ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN EASTERN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF DONBAS REINTEGRATION
Authors: Ivaniuta Serhii
Published: December 2021

Priorities for ensuring environmental security in the zone of military conflict in Eastern Ukraine as components of environmental protection in the context of the reintegration of temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions have been identified. It is noted that about 3.6 million people in the regions along the demarcation line face problems with access to clean water. It is emphasized that as a result of hostilities there was a large-scale destruction and damage to critical infrastructure. This has led to an imbalance in the temporarily occupied territory, as well as a dangerous decline in the level of environmental protection in the region, which is home to about 5 million people. It is emphasized that uncontrolled flooding of many mines leads to an increase in the number and scale of manifestation of dangerous environmental factors for the life of the population and increasing socio-economic tensions in the area up to 15 thousand km2. At the same time, mine waters rise to the surface and begin to flow into small rivers, flooding cities and entering the Seversky Donets River, which is used for water supply to about 70 % of the population of Donetsk region. It is emphasized that increasing the level of environmental safety, restoring the environment of Donbas in the context of forming an environmental protection program is a necessary prerequisite for its reintegration. The current threats to the security of water supply in eastern Ukraine, the intensification of which is associated with the deterioration of the environmental situation in the region, are analyzed. It is emphasized that in the conditions of flooding of mines and pollution of reservoirs in the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions there is a pollution of water sources and deterioration of quality of drinking water. Thus, pollution of reservoirs in the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions poses an urgent threat to 300 thousand inhabitants of the region. In order to ensure environmental security in Eastern Ukraine, recommendations are proposed on a set of measures to ensure environmental protection in Eastern Ukraine as a necessary prerequisite for the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories.
DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY AS A TOOL RESEARCH BODIES FOREIGN COUNTRY SERVICES
Authors: Rusnak Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article describes the tools that allow diplomats to participate in the intelligence activity in the host country; main forms of such work are considered; key concepts are defined that collectively clarify and specify the main provisions used in diplomatic work.Specific examples show the specific nature of unacceptable illegitimate diplomatic activity, which enables certain foreigners who enjoy diplomatic immunity to conduct intelligence activities and take measures that may be incompatible with diplomatic activity in the host country. This situation becomes especially acute in the conditions of armed aggression against our country. It is noted that in the process of exercising these functions, the diplomats of the aggressor country get the opportunity to support the destructive opposition in the territory of Ukraine, to select agents of influence, to carry out other intelligence activities in our country.The notion of intelligence activity as a kind of foreign policy activity of the state, which is secretly carried out by a system of special services and affiliated organizations using specific means and forces, forms and methods in the interest of achieving certain interests, as well as diplomatic immunity, as release from criminal or administrative the civilian jurisdiction of diplomatic missions and person shaving a diplomatic status in the host countries solely for the effective performance of their duties on them tasks. Therefore, personal (ratione personae) and functional (ratione materiae) immunity should be distinguished, which should extend to government officials.It is determined that diplomatic immunity is regulated not only by a set of international conventions but also by a system of national legalacts; it is proved that modern in ternationall awprovides certain opportunities for conducting intelligence work under diplomatic cover in the host country.
STRUCTURAL-HIERARCHIC IDENTIFICATION OF SECURITY OF CONSUMPTION IN SECURITY THEORY
Authors: Mokiy Anatolіі , Antoniuk Kateryna
Published: December 2021

The article proposes to expand the theoretical and methodological basis of the security providing the «security of consumption» category. It is one of the dominant factors of national security, an instrument for strengthening the economic security of business and consumers through the harmonization of interests of all subjects of the consumption process. It is substantiated that security should be considered not only as a safety of a product or service, but also as a process of providing this property, which takes into account the basic values and indicators of human life. It is shown that close interconnection is observed between the basic components of the functional structure of national security (economic, food, environmental, information, social, demographic, military etc), which determines the importance of considering them as separate components with the addition of security of consumption and in a holistic system. Considering the interdisciplinary nature of the «security of consumption» category, it has been proven that in every component of national security there are certain elements of it, related to the direct, inverse or both direct and inverse relations with the security of consumption. A methodological approach to considering consumption security in the context of economic (consumption as a stage of social production), social (consumption as a process of meeting needs), environmental (environmental impact of the process of production and consumption), food (availability of food for the population, its quality and safety, infrastructure of storage, delivery, trade), information (negative information impact and consequences of use of information technologies, incompleteness unreliability and untimelyness of information about goods (services), violation accessibility and integrity of information) and other components of national security. The concept of the locus of security of consumption as a field of continuous interaction, formed by the intersection of six sets of security indicators (economic, social, food, environmental, information and scientific and technical) with the formation of separate segments of the set of indicators of security of consumption is introduced.
Ensaio sobre o termo “vulgarização científica” no Brasil do século XIX
Authors: Vergara Moema de Rezende
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo pretende analisar a história do termo “vulgarização científica”. Ao fazer uma reflexão sobre o conceito, também estamos analisando sua prática e quais os processos sociais que o construíram, notadamente a institucionalização da ciência, especificamente no século XIX no Brasil.
Frentes pioneiras e formação territorial
Authors: Nogueira Carlo Eugênio
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo será abordada a trajetória de afirmação de uma associação particular fundada precipuamente para a prática e difusão da Geografia com o intuito de contribuir para o entendimento do processo de institucionalização acadêmica desta disciplina. Por meio da problematização da atuação de Pierre Monbeig à frente da Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros (AGB), serão analisados alguns de seus escritos sobre as franjas pioneiras, buscando estabelecer aproximações entre o contexto histórico de formulação dos discursos científicos e as ações que intentavam alterar a configuração espacial do território brasileiro no início do século XX.
Científicos Argentinos y su lucha contra la fiebre hemorrágica argentina, 1963-1990
Authors: Agnese Graciela
Published: December 2021

Desde inicios de la década del ’50 se reiteraban en el Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) brotes epidémicos de una extraña enfermedad. La nueva virosis afectaba al hombre de campo. Y, fue denominada como fiebre hemorrágica argentina (FHA). En esta ponencia centramos nuestra mirada en las características y los logros de los distintos equipos científicos que intervinieron en la problemática de la FHA durante el período 1963-1990, etapa que culminó con el desarrollo de una vacuna que permitiría controlar la enfermedad. También consideramos el contexto socio-histórico y económico y el rol desempeñado por el Estado como factores que pudieron tensionar la labor de los investigadores abocados al estudio de la virosis hemorrágica.
Medicina, climatologia e redes científicas
Authors: Almeida Marta de
Published: December 2021

No início do século XX, o debate científico em torno da salubridade ou insalubridade dos países latino-americanos ainda era assunto polêmico. Muitos médicos utilizavam em seus trabalhos dados produzidos por instituições científicas que desenvolviam pesquisas sobre clima e eram responsáveis, entre outras funções, pela observação e medição de temperaturas, pelos índices pluviométricos e pelas oscilações atmosféricas. Neste artigo será analisada a participação do Observatório Nacional (ON) no 4o Congresso Médico Latino-Americano (CMLA), realizado em 1909, no Rio de Janeiro, que se fez representar por meio de uma memória apresentada pelo então diretor Henrique Morize e pela exibição de alguns artefatos da instituição na Exposição Internacional de Higiene, anexa ao Congresso. Dessa forma, pretende-se destacar a relação entre algumas das pesquisas realizadas no Observatório com outras, desenvolvidas em instituições médicas e mais voltadas para as demandas sanitárias, tema pouco conhecido pela historiografia especializada. Apesar da inovação teórico-metodológica da área de História da Ciência, ainda predominam os estudos compartimentados por disciplinas. O presente artigo busca rever esses procedimentos de análise e chama a atenção para a necessidade de trabalhos mais abrangentes sobre as relações estabelecidas entre instituições que, apesar de seus perfis e missões diferenciadas, constituíram redes de produção e de circulação do conhecimento científico.
The Cold War and Western Perspectives on Soviet Science
Authors: Neto Climério Paulo da Silva
Published: December 2021

This essay presents an overview of the dominant trends in the Western historiography on the Soviet Union along the Cold War inquiring how they affected the perspectives on the history of Soviet science. It discuss three major trends, namely totalitarian school, which resonated with Robert Merton and Karl Popper’s claims that science best develops in democratic societies; the revisionists, which came of age in the 1960s and resembled some schools of the sociology of science both in their motivation to subvert the dominant perspective in their discipline and in their methodological choices; and, finally, the post-Cold War and post-revisionists perspectives on Soviet history and history of Soviet science, and how they challenged widely held beliefs on Soviet science and society that underpinned many Cold War-era works on the Soviet Union. The conclusion discussed how the historiography of Soviet Science resonates with Christopher Hill’s claim that history needs to be rewritten at every generation.
História do Curso de Física da UFBA
Authors: Rocha José Fernando Moura
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho são discutidos aspectos históricos envolvendo o desenvolvimento do Curso de Graduação em Física da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Inicialmente, apresentamos o contexto em que se deu a sua criação. Em seguida, discutimos a sua atuação no período em que esteve diretamente ligado ao Departamento de Física do Instituto de Matemática e Física da Universidade da Bahia. Por último, analisamos as suas atividades no período atual, iniciado com a criação do Instituto de Física da UFBA. Ao longo do texto, demonstramos que esse curso contribuiu para modernização do ensino secundário baiano, para a criação de cursos similares em distintas instituições de ensino superior no estado, e para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e da pós-graduação em física, em geofísica e em ensino e história da ciência.
Diccionario histórico de las ciencias de la Tierra en Argentina
Authors: Figueirôa Silvia
Published: December 2021

Em 140 verbetes, os 73 autores, coordenados pela pesquisadora Irina Podgorny que já acumula larga expertise, buscam dar conta de quase 200 anos de história das ciências da Terra na Argentina. Não é uma tarefa fácil, mas foi muito bem executada pelo coletivo, pois o mergulho em suas páginas permite construir um panorama argentino rico e diversificado dessas ciências, especialmente no século XIX, tarefa facilitada pelas remissivas, pela bibliografia indicada após cada texto e pelas ilustrações (em preto e branco). [...]
POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK PRA SEKOLAH
Authors: Norfitri Raihana
Published: December 2021

Anak prasekolah yang berusia 3-6 tahun mempunyai perkembangan kemampuan berbahasa, kreativitas, kesadaran sosial, emosional dan intelegensia yang berkembang sangat cepat, sehingga peran orang tua  penting dalam pembentukan perkembangan mental maupun psikologis anak seperti pola asuh. Pola asuh yang kurang tepat berdampak pada keterlambatan perkembangan anak yang tidak optimal hanya satu ranah perkembangan saja, atau dapat pula di lebih dari satu ranah perkembangan. Penelitian ini telah mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan anak pra sekolah di Paud Terpadu Nurul Ma’arifah Desa Tunggul Irang Ilir Martapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dengan populasi 52 orang jumlah sampel 52 orang dengan teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kusioner. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data univariat dengan tekhnik asosiatif dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Didapatkan hasil ada hubungan (significant) antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan anak pra sekolah di Paud Terpadu Nurul Ma’arifah Desa Tunggul Irang Ilir Martapura
Di immagini di parole di animali
Authors: Galbiati Alessandra , Marturano Luigia
Published: December 2021

Di immagini di parole di animali
Desarticulación de la máquina antropológica en “Axolotl” de Julio Cortázar.
Authors: Cruz-Grunerth Gerardo
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN: La literatura de Julio Cortázar ha expresado en diversos momentos la cuestión animal, dando constancia de su habilidad para exponer la percepción del tiempo animal, su espacio, su campo visual, su umwelt, el medio del animal (vox Uexküll). En este artículo se analiza la obra “Axolotl” (1956), como pieza crucial de las preocupaciones de Cortázar en su búsqueda por confrontar la máquina antropológica, vista como la forma de negación de la animalidad humana y la subordinación de lo animal, según Giorgio Agamben. De ahí que la hipótesis de este artículo sostiene que “Axolotl”, más que expresar una confrontación humano-animal, incide en el devenir-animal (Deleuze y Guattari) como vía de acceso a una posibilidad ontológica. Con ello, el devenir animal conforma un dispositivo de oposición y desarticulación de la máquina antropológica, a través de líneas de fuga y desterritorializaciones; además, en el plano discursivo, esta ficción plantea la posibilidad para una zoo-autobiografía, una capacidad compartida para producir un discurso del yo, animal y humano, ambos como animales autobiográficos (Derrida).

 

 

 

ABSTRACT: Julio Cortázar's literature has expressed the animal question on many occasions, giving evidence of his ability to expose animals' perception of time, space, and visual field, the umwelt, the medium of the animal (vox Uexküll). This article analyzes the work “Axolotl” (1956), as a crucial piece of Cortázar's concerns in his search to confront the anthropological machine, seen it as the form of denial of human animality and the subordination of what is animal, according to Giorgio Agamben. Consequently, this article's hypothesis maintains that Axolotl, rather than expressing a human-animal confrontation, affects the becoming-animal as a way to access an ontological possibility. Thus, the becoming-animal (Deleuze and Guattari) forms a device of opposition and disarticulation of the anthropological machine through lines of flight and deterritorializations. Furthermore, on the discursive plane, this fiction raises the possibility for a zoo-autobiography, which implies a shared capacity to produce a self, animal and human, discourse, considering both as autobiographical animals (Derrida).
Paiches, huanganas e isangos. Repensar el antropoceno a través de la literatura oral y escrita amazónica peruana
Authors: Pau Stefano
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN: Tomando como punto de partida las reflexiones de estudiosos como Philippe Descola o Boaventura de Sousa Santos sobre la necesidad de repensar las relaciones entre humanos y no-humanos, con el fin de buscar alternativas al proceso autodestructivo conocido con el controvertido nombre de Antropoceno, parece oportuno dirigir la mirada hacia la selva amazónica. En efecto, el espacio amazónico es “altamente transformacional” (Rivière) y se vive en él una frecuente inestabilidad ontológica que difumina las fronteras entre las especies. Las narraciones de las vivencias de los animales, por ejemplo, no son usadas solo como simbolización de algún antagonismo o desequilibrio social, sino que son frecuentemente percibidas como realidades. En el artículo, enmarcado en el ámbito de los estudios ecocríticos, se creará un diálogo entre algunos relatos orales –cuyos protagonistas son animales– y la novela del pintor y escritor peruano César Calvo de Araújo titulada Paiche (1963), nombre que es, además, el de uno de los mayores peces de los ríos amazónicos. A través de estas creaciones de literatura oral y escrita se reflexionará sobre el tema de los desequilibrios sociales y de la conciencia de clase como medio para repensar cómo habitar la Tierra.

 

ABSTRACT: Taking as a starting point the considerations of scholars such as Philippe Descola and Boaventura de Sousa Santos on the need to rethink the relations between humans and non-humans in order to seek alternatives to the self-destructive process known by the controversial label of the Anthropocene, it seems appropriate to look at the Amazon rainforest. Indeed, the Amazonian space is “highly transformational” (Rivière), and there is a frequent ontological instability that blurs the boundaries between species. Narratives of animal experiences, for example, are not only used as a symbolisation of some antagonism or social inequality, but are often perceived as realities. In this article, framed in the field of ecocritical studies, a dialogue will be created between some oral stories whose protagonists are animals and the novel by the Peruvian painter and writer César Calvo de Araújo entitled Paiche (1963), which is also the name of one of the largest fish in the Amazonian rivers. Through these creations of oral and written literature, we will reflect on the theme of social inequalities and class consciousness as a means of rethinking how to inhabit the Earth.
Volpi, farfalle, uccelli e un cagnolino nero: il mimetismo e la sopravvivenza sotto il regime staliniano in Vesti bianche di Vladimir Dudincev
Authors: Belozorovich Anna
Published: December 2021

L’articolo prende in esame Vesti bianche (Belye odeždy), il secondo romanzo di Vladimir Dudincev (1918-1998), figura tragica della letteratura sovietica. Dopo Non si vive di solo pane (1957), riscuote un enorme successo ma viene costretto al silenzio a causa dello scandalo politico che ne deriva. Vesti bianche, scritto nel 1966, ma pubblicato solo vent’anni più tardi (1987), è ambientato nel pieno del lysenkoismo, la violenta repressione nei confronti della comunità scientifica che ebbe luogo tra gli anni ’40 e ’50. I suoi protagonisti sono biologi: comprendere la natura, essere in dialogo con il mondo naturale, è la loro prerogativa per ottenere dei risultati. La riflessione scientifica è puntualmente accompagnata da quella filosofica. In una intensa discussione sul rapporto tra l’uomo e la Natura, i protagonisti si schierano su differenti posizioni e sembrano “indossare” figure animali quasi con valore totemico. Le possibili configurazioni della società umana, i rapporti professionali e le esperienze individuali vengono messe in relazione con il comportamento animale. Il carattere associato a questi animali riporta sia al loro comportamento in natura sia alla simbologia ad essi legata nella tradizione popolare russa. La ricerca della verità da parte degli uomini di scienza incontra la necessità di mascheramento, parola chiave della trama. Il mimetismo è vissuto come un inganno necessario, come per mantenere la varietà biologica nel mondo naturale, così per garantire la libertà del pensiero e della ricerca scientifica in un paese paralizzato dal regime.
Daniela Rea (ed.), Ya no somos las mismas y aquí sigue la guerra
Authors: González Luna Ana María
Published: December 2021

Daniela Rea (ed.), Ya no somos las mismas y aquí sigue la guerra (México, Penguin Random House, 2020, Versión Kindle ISBN 978-607-319-444-0)

por Ana María González Luna
Neurorestorative Roles of Microgliosis and Astrogliosis in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Authors:   Biochemistry Unit, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Precious Cornerstone University, Ibadan, Nigeria., Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi , Toloyai Pere-Ebi Yabrade ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, 330106, Ojugbeli Evelyn Tarela , Oyebanjo Oyetola Tolulope ,   Department of Physiology, Babcock University, Ilishan, Ogun State, 121003., Adetuyi Oluwatosin Adefunke ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United State, 79430., Uche Chukwuemelie Zedech ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria., Olisah Michael Chinedu ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria., Adumanya Obinna Chukwuemeka Uchenna ,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria., Chikwendu Chukwudi Jude ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria, Khan Johra ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,   Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia., Akram Muhammad , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill ,   School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda., Egbuna Chukwuebuka ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State- 431124, Nigeria.,   Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Unit, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: December 2021

The pathophysiological processes involved in neurodegenerative diseases have not been clearly defined. Nevertheless, a significant aspect of the proof focuses directly on the function of several mechanisms of inflammation. The immune system is represented in the central nervous system by the microglial cell capable of detecting harmful or foreign pathogens, and thus initiates self-activation and neuro-inflammatory processes via phagocytosis and cytokines release, to maintain the cellular microenvironment. Then, microglial cells can spawn an emphasis on persistent inflammation that sometimes precedes or promote the neurodegenerative processes. Hence, the neuro-inflammatory micro-environment turns toxic and damaging to the neuronal cell, leading to degeneration and release of several factors which trigger an inflammatory reaction of the microglia, activating the neurodegenerative cycle. The biomechanical properties of the brain, neuronal regeneration, and plasticity can be modified by reactive gliosis. Defining the inception and development of reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis is vital for better clinical treatments design.
Effect of Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Oluyemi-Ayibiowu Bamitale Dorcas , Omomomi Oladapo Jayejeje , Fadugba Olaolu George
Published: December 2021

The research evaluated the failure susceptibility of biopolymers (Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Bentonite) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) stabilized soil samples from three failed locations along Oshogbo – Iwo Road’s using the TDRAMS mathematical model formulated by Aderinola et al., (2015). The stabilizers were added to the soils in concentrations of (0.25-2) % Biopolymers, (1-3) % Bentonite and 2% PVAc. The samples were classified according to AASHTO as A-5 (slty-sand) and ML group (inorganic silts, sfine sands with low plasticity) based on USCS classification system. Geotechnical tests carried out on both natural untreated and treated samples showed that the natural soil samples gave OMC values of between (11.7-14.97) %, MDD (1644-1453.6) Kg/m3, and soaked CBR (2-6) %. 1% Guar gum, 1 % Xanthan gum, 3% Bentonite and 2% Poly vinyl Acetate were deduced to be optimal mixes for improved strength. However, Guar gum was observed to be the best stabilizer. With the TDRAMS model, 1% Guar gum reduced the failure susceptibility indices of the road by 11.02 % (i.e. from 127 to 113). However, for maximum benefits to be achieved from the stabilization, other factors like provision of good drainage facilities, adequate road sections etc. must be provided. This will help in improving the strength of the subgrade soils and overall durability of the road.
Effect of Freshening Tools and Freshening Intervals on Resin Yield from Pinus caribaea using Bore Hole Method of Resin Tapping
Authors: Prasad Niranjan , Sharma S. , Pandey S. , Kar Amit
Published: December 2021

Different types of freshening tools developed were evaluated in actual field conditions for resin tapping from Pinus caribaea trees. The developed tools were user friendly. The tools were evaluated for freshening holes made for tapping resin using bore hole technique from P. caribaea. Use of all the developed freshening tools led to increase in resin yield over control. Out of different freshening tools developed and tested, hand operated augur type tool showed appreciable increase in resin yield up to the third freshening and is recommended for use in the resin tapping operation of bore hole technique to enhance resin yield.
Outcomes and Patient Safety in Overlapping vs. Nonoverlapping Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Antoniadou Thekla , Jang Seong J. , Dimopoulos Leonidas , Windsor Eric N. , Loucas Marios , Gkiatas Ioannis , Gu Alex , Manolopoulos Philip P. , Denti Matteo , Sculco Peter K.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Overlapping surgery is defined as two cases occurring in separate operating rooms (ORs), where the same attending surgeon conducts the critical surgical portions of each case at different times. Although it has been suggested that this established practice may improve the utilization of resources, allow for more opportunities to teach surgical trainees, and facilitate timely access to care, there is still no consensus on its use in elective orthopaedic surgery, such as total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify articles investigating the use of overlapping and single operating room TJA. Relevant data, including surgical time, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, mortality rate, revision rate, and readmission rate, were extracted and recorded.

Results:

Six articles were included (35,938 patients: 17,677 overlapping and 18,261 nonoverlapping). Overall revision rates were 1.2% and 1.1% for the overlapping and nonoverlapping cohorts, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 1.53). The overall intraoperative complication rate was 1.6% for both cohorts (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.23), and the overall postoperative orthopaedic complication rates were 2.0% and 1.95% within the overlapping and nonoverlapping OR cohorts, respectively (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.29). The readmission rate was 4.6% in the overlapping group and 4.2% in the nonoverlapping group (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.11). Two studies with comparable groups reported markedly increased surgical time in the overlapping group compared with the nonoverlapping group.

Discussion:

Overlapping surgery was found to be as safe as nonoverlapping surgery in patients undergoing TJA. Although overlapping TJA surgery is associated with satisfactory short-term revision rates, prolonged follow-up is required to further assess the medium-term and long-term outcomes of overlapping surgery compared with nonoverlapping surgery. Finally, although overlapping TJA surgery might be associated with increased OR time, this difference is not clinically relevant.
Risk Stratification of Operatively Treated Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures Reveals Differences in Short-Term Outcomes and Procedure Costs Between Sliding Hip Screw Versus Short Cephalomedullary Nail
Authors: Konda Sanjit , Ranson Rachel , Lott Ariana , Assefa Tensae , Johnson Joseph , Ganta Abhishek , Egol Kenneth
Published: December 2021

Objective:

This study sought to retrospectively compare short-term outcomes between sliding hip screw (SHS) fixation versus short cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) in a risk-stratified cohort of geriatric intertrochanteric hip fracture patients. Data of 458 patients, aged 55 years and older, who sustained intertrochanteric fractures (OTA 31A1-3) and were treated with either SHS or short CMN from October 2014 to March 2019 were collected. Patient demographics, injury severity, and functional status were used to calculate a score using the Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged system. Based on the Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged tool, 229 patients (50%) were placed into a low-risk cohort, whereas 229 patients (50%) were placed into a high-risk cohort.

Results:

Four hundred eleven patients were treated with CMN and 47 patients were treated with SHS. Procedural time was shorter for low- and high-risk patients treated with CMN versus SHS. Need for transfusion did not differ between implant types in either risk cohort. In the high-risk cohort, incidence of major complications and number of overall inpatient complications were higher in the SHS group. In the low-risk cohort, patients with SHS were discharged home more often and ambulated a greater distance before discharge. Although total costs did not differ between groups, procedural costs were lower in the SHS group for both risk cohorts. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that implant type was a significant predictor of all aforementioned significant bivariate analyses.

Conclusion:

In low-risk and high-risk patients, those treated with CMN had shorter surgical time but higher procedural costs. A decrease in implant cost may optimize the value of shorter procedural times associated with CMN use, especially for high-risk patients. Our results suggested that high-risk hip fracture patients should be treated with CMN for both stable and unstable fractures and low-risk stable fracture patterns should be treated with SHS.
Changes in the nutritional profile of medicine students during the COVID-19 pandemic period and its correlation with anxiety: a prospective cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Carvalho Letícia Gonçalves , Yamamoto Leonardo Watanabe , Fogari Letícia Raiane , Caparroz Maria Eduarda Leati , Paggioro Murillo Esbrogeo , Marques Rafael Ito , Ribas Filho Durval
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Pandemics cause strong social, economic, and political impacts. Social isolation to reduce the virus’ impact and to retard the health system breakdown caused by SARS-Cov-2 have affected the population’s lifestyle, including medical students. Objective: Identity which impacts the daily meal plan has the COVID-19’s Pandemic caused in medical students; Correlate data obtained in different grades of the medical course and present the nutritional profile of the students, who attended the study. Methods: Survey realized in students of a private medical course in the São Paulo northwestern region, with a questionary containing open questions and tests, sent online in conjunction with the Term of Consent. This study was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee according to a substantiated opinion number 4.373.785, and obtaining the patient's consent through the Informed Consent Form. Results: 117 students, between the 1st and 4th grade of the course, have attended the following study, 75 female, 42 male, allocated in similar proportions in the 4 initial grades of the course, ages between 17 and 31 years old; Most of the students feel more anxiety (78,6%), associated with changes in the nutritional profile, with the increase of high-energy food, highlighted by the bigger propension of this group to the consumption of sweets and white-wheat pasta in the daily meal plan. It is important to notice that many other food groups have suffered an enhancement in consumption as well, such as legumes, dried meat, vegetal oil, olive oil, and greenery. Conclusion: The COVID-19 Pandemic brought impacts to the daily meal plan of the medical students, especially in the ones who feel more anxious. The enhancement of the daily consumption of food by the medical students is notable, in the most diverse food classifications. However, it is concluded in this study that it cannot be said that anxiety and/or self-declared stress is a risk factor for the increase in food consumption observed, as well as a pattern of its impacts on the students' food, cannot be defined.
The Best Practice of Teach Computer Science Students to Use Paper Prototyping
Authors: Miller Dave
Published: December 2021

The importance of understanding the repercussions of effective user interface (UI) design is critical for future Computer Science (CS) professionals, given the ubiquity of interfaces on computer devices. Through a paper prototyping activity, this article explains how to teach rapidly and successfully CS students about "fit," a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) concept. Despite its simplicity, the concept of "fit" can be difficult to grasp without much practice. In practice, designing "fit" into UIs can be prohibitively expensive because workable prototypes are generally beyond the technical capabilities of students. As a result, we illustrate how to use paper prototyping to demonstrate "fit" in a hands-on class exercise based on active learning concepts. To guide students through the process of "fit" in UI design, we provide extensive step-by-step directions for planning, setting up, and presenting the exercise. Students will be better equipped to apply both theoretical and practical applications of "fit" in UI design and execution as a result of this assignment; this exercise can be used in any course that covers user interface design, such as concepts of human-computer interaction, systems analysis and design, software engineering, and project management.
Students` Perspectives on the Use of Innovative and Interactive Teaching Methods at the University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Mauritania: English Department as a Case Study
Authors: Eli Taleb
Published: December 2021

This study was carried to inspect students` views on the use of innovative and interactive teaching methods used in the English studies major at the University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Mauritania. This was a corollary of the fact that innovation in teaching, regardless the nature of the course or subject, has become a buzz word in the academic institutions. A quantitative research methodology was used and the data were collected from 101 students from the English Department. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS as an attempt to provide descriptive statistics to verify the students` perception of the use of innovative and interactive teaching methods. The findings of the study revealed that 91.1% of the students believe that their teachers do use some of the innovative and interactive teaching methods in their classes; still, 70.3% of the respondents were in favor of continuous trainings for teachers on the use of innovative and interactive teaching methods, which is a very alarming percentage. Also, the findings of this study have some significant implications such as the necessity to move from teaching to learning as an attempt to make learning an enjoyable and memorable experience.  The results of this study contribute to literature by concentrating on the use of innovative and interactive teaching methods in Mauritanian higher education institutes.

 

Keywords: Innovative, Interactive, Teaching Methods, Students, Higher Education, Mauritania
PROTECTION OF THE SOYBEAN CROP AGROECOSYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Tărău Adina Daniela , Urdă Camelia , Mureşanu Felicia , Chețan Felicia , Oltean Vasile , Negrea Adrian , Suciu Loredana
Published: December 2021

"Soybean is an important economical crop used for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw
material. Also, soybean is succesfully used in crop roatations with the main cereal crops because it’s biological
nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A great diversity of pests and diseases including nematodes, insects and
phytopathogenic fungi are known to affect soybean crop. From plant emergence to grain maturity, pests
Tetranychus urticae and Etiella zinckenella, pseudofungi Peronospora manshurica and fungi Fusarium sp. and
Botrytis cinerea can cause economic damage. In this study was evaluated the influence of tillage systems, different
types of fertilizers and pesticide treatments on the most economical important diseases and pests of soybean crop
in a field experiment at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions
of 2020. Teo TD, an early maturing soybean variety created at ARDS Turda, was used for the experiment. Based
on the assessments made, soil tillage system, fertilization and control of pests and diseases have differently
influenced the downy mildew and T. urticae attack. To reduce the attack of pathogens in soybean crop, the best
technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and application of fungicides, either without or in
combination with an insecticide. The T. urticae populations developed on mineral, organic and green fertilized
plants. Integrated control methods must combine agro-technical measures with the application of chemical
treatments in accordance with the warning of the appearance of the first adults.
"