bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vernacular Literacy: A Re‐Evaluation
Authors: Barletta Vincent
Published: November 2004

Vernacular Literacy:. Re‐Evaluation. Andrée Tabouret‐Keller. Robert B. Le Page. Penelope Gardner Chloros. and Gabrielle Varro. eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. 367 pp.
Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists
Authors: Sidnell Jack
Published: November 2004

Describing Morphosyntax:. Guide for Field Linguists. Thomas E. Payne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 413 pp.
Exploring Borders: Understanding Culture and Psychology.
Authors: Maynard Ashley E.
Published: November 2004

Exploring Borders: Understanding Culture and Psychology. Giuseppe Mantovani. London: Routledge, 2000. 153 pp.
Theorizing the Americanist Tradition.
Authors: Santiago‐Irizarry Vilma
Published: November 2004

Theorizing the Americanist Tradition. Lisa Phillips Valentine and Regna Darnell. eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. 398 pp.
White between the Lines: Ethnic Positioning in Lakhota Discourse
Authors: Trechter Sara
Published: November 2004

By examining constructed dialogues with whiteness in everyday conversations, this article demonstrates how one group of Native Americans, the Lakhota, mark whiteness as rampant individualism. As such, whiteness is not an essential characteristic of white people, but shifts to different participants as it is negotiated in Lakhota discourse. In this context, the Lakhota values of community responsibility and service are juxtaposed to individualism associated with whiteness.
See No Evil, Speak No Evil: White Police Officers' Talk about Race and Affirmative Action
Authors: McElhinny Bonnie
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes three discursive strategies which White police officers use to talk about affirmative action. In different ways, these strategies allow officers to claim to see no racial difference or inequity. In one instance, however, a White officer did remark upon her own Whiteness in terms of cultural difference. I consider the implications of this fact for recent debates in anthropology about the relationship of culture and ideology, as well as for further studies of Whiteness.
Getting Schooled: Rehabilitative Practices in a Los Angeles Court School
Authors: Meacham Sarah Suttner
Published: November 2004

This article describes rehabilitative practices in a court school for juvenile offenders located in southeast Los Angeles. These practices entail the interactional engagement of students in participant structures through which they may view themselves in roles that extend beyond the space and time of the interaction. Certain elements of verbal and nonverbal behavior are highlighted and given meaning within two opposing moral spaces, often glossed as "street" and "school." The goal is to get the student to view his or her potential rehabilitated "self within and by way of constellations of social relationships that are imbued with moral force. As such this constitutes a theory or ideology of rehabilitation that is simultaneously local and situated within larger moral frames. The interactions most likely to enable rehabilitative work are those that emerge within informal talk during the activity of checking work. Student involvement in a program of volunteer work with disabled students at a school down the street—and the media attention generated by such work—reinforces this project of seeing oneself in different roles. It is suggested that these techniques reveal a political stance on the part of the school.
Language, Identity, and Marginality in Indonesia: The Changing Nature of Ritual Speech on the Island of Sumba
Authors: Rumsey Alan
Published: November 2004

Language, Identity, and Marginality in Indonesia: The Changing Nature of Ritual Speech on the Island of Sumba. Joel C. Kuipers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, No. 18), 1998. xvi. 183 pp.
Archaeology, Language, and History: Essays on Culture and Ethnicity
Authors: Browman David
Published: November 2004

Archaeology, Language, and History: Essays on Culture and Ethnicity. John E. Terrell. ed. Westport, CT and London: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. 317 pp.
The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Functions and the Origins of Linguistic Form
Authors: Foley William A.
Published: November 2004

The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Functions and the Origins of Linguistic Form. Chris Knight. Michael Studdert‐Kennedy. and James R. Hurford. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xii. 426 pp.
Talking Heads: Language, Metalanguage, and the Semiotics of Subjectivity
Authors: Parmentier Richard J.
Published: November 2004

Talking Heads: Language, Metalanguage, and the Semiotics of Subjectivity. Benjamin Lee. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997. 376 pp.
Oratio Obliqua, Oratio Recta: An Essay on Metarepresentation
Authors: Macaulay Ronald
Published: November 2004

Oratio Obliqua, Oratio Recta: An Essay on Metarepresentation. Francois Recanati. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.360 pp.
People, Countries and the Rainbow Serpent: Systems of Classification among the Lardil of Momington Island
Authors: McConvell Patrick
Published: November 2004

People, Countries and the Rainbow Serpent: Systems of Classification among the Lardil of Momington Island. David McKnight. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 270 pp.
Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Friedman Victor A.
Published: November 2004

Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe. Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham. eds. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, Ltd., 1998. xiv. 289 pp.
Debating Diversity: Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance
Authors: Echeverria Begoña
Published: November 2004

Debating Diversity: Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance. Jan Blommaert and Jef Verschueren. London: Routledge, 1998. xiv. 233 pp.
An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles
Authors: Paugh Amy L.
Published: November 2004

An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. John Holm. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 282 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: England Nora C.
Published: November 2004

The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. Leanne Hinton and Ken Hale, eds. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000.450 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Jensen Anne
Published: November 2004

Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts. James Lockhart. Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2001. + 251 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Spitulnik Debra
Published: November 2004

African languages: An Introduction. Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ix. 396 pp.

African Voices: An Introduction to the Languages and Linguistics of Africa. Vic Webb and Kembo Sure, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. xiv. 334 pp.
Verbal Artistry in Southern Paiute Narratives: Reduplication as a Stylistic Process
Authors: Bunte Pamela
Published: November 2004

This article examines stylistic uses of reduplicated nouns and verbs in Southern Paiute narrative performances. Traditional Paiute storytellers in the San Juan andKaibab communities of north‐central Arizona employ reduplication to index simultaneously narrative structure and specific referential meanings. The analysis of this creative and multi‐indexical process demonstrates the importance of examining the verbal artistry of devices like reduplication in any language study.
Cognitive Semantics, Typology, and Culture as a Cognitive System: The Work of Leonard Talmy
Authors: Bennardo Giovanni
Published: November 2004

Toward. Cognitive Semantics, Volume 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Leonard Talmy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. 565 pp.

Toward. Cognitive Semantics, Volume 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring.Leonard Talmy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.495 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Allan Keith
Published: November 2004

Systems of Nominal Classification. Language, Culture and Cognition 4.Gunter,Senft ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ix. 350 pp.
Invisible Time Lines in the Fabric of Events: Temporal Coherence in Yucatec Narratives
Authors: Bohnemeyer Jürgen
Published: November 2004

This article examines how narratives are structured in a language in which event order is largely not coded. Yucatec Maya lacks both tense inflections and temporal connectives corresponding to English after and before. It is shown that the coding of events in Yucatec narratives is subject to a strict iconicity constraint within paragraph boundaries. Aspectual viewpoint shifting is used to reconcile iconicity preservation with the requirements of a more flexible narrative structure.
Is the Past a Foreign Country?: Time, Language Origins, and the Nation in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Woolard Kathryn A.
Published: November 2004

Theorists such as Benedict Anderson have associated the development of a historicized sense of time, in contrast to an atemporal messianic time, with epochal social changes, in particular the emergence of the nation. This article discovers the two contrasting senses of time in a 17th‐century controversy over the origin of the Spanish language. The competing views of the past in the Spanish debate underpinned different visions not only of language but of humanity, progress, and nation. Anderson's claims about historicism and the origin of the nation construct are reconsidered in light of this case. It is argued that, pace Anderson, national consciousness was present in early modern Spain, and it rested on messianic as much as historicized time.
Fremde (the Foreign, Strange, Other) and the Museum
Authors: Korff Gottfried
Published: November 2004

The museum as an institution has had a historically incomparable career in Europe (and elsewhere), a fact this article attempts to explain. Its basic assumption is that the success of the museum does not rest on a promise of experiences of familiarity, on the contrary, its success is due to the increase in experiences of alterity in modern society. The museum is intrinsically a place of foreignness: the objects are delocated, they originate from a foreign place (in the geographic and/or historical sense), and they are (didactically) presented in contexts that “estrange” them. As a place of “heterodoxy” (in Baudrillard's sense of the term), the museum has been described by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk as a “xenological institution,” meaning that it encourages an “intelligent border traffic with foreignness” by presenting, framing, and explaining the Other. In this sense, the museum is an institution which responds to specific needs of modern society.
Folk Poetry as an Identity Creating Instrument (On Serbian and Croatian Examples)
Authors: Bošković‐Stulli Maja
Published: November 2004

The author discusses the ways in which popular tradition can be used as a political instrument to present ethnic identity, which is especially true of the epic poetry starting from the 19th century. A number of German, Soviet and Serbian examples from the past are used to illustrate the point. Serbian 19th epic poetry and the glorification of allegedly heroic mountain‐dwellers' mentality is discussed as instrumental in instigating the recent military aggression in the Balkans. In Croatia, some basically myth‐making traditions lacking actual historical foundations are cultivated as a means of creating images of former glory, which was especially prominent during the recent war. The author discusses cruelties characterising the epic poetry of both nations (Serbian and Croatian), as well as the immanent political features inherent in the epic genre, pointing out that they are not a result of centurieslong “Balkan hatred”, but should rather be seen as phenomena which, mutatis mutandis, can be observed everywhere, even in countries where the past seems to have been overcome once and for all.
Altered States: Ethnographies of Transition in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union; Fieldwork Dilemmas: Anthropologists in Post‐Socialist States
Authors: Mazur Susan
Published: November 2004

Altered States: Ethnographies of Transition in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Daphne Berdahl. Matti Bunzl. and Martha Lampland. Editors. Ann Arbor. University ofMichigan PTess. 2000 252 pp. 0‐472‐08617

Fieldwork Dilemmas: Anthropologists in Post‐Socialist States. Hermine G. De Soto and Nora Dudwick. Editors. Madison. University of Wisconsin Press.2000. 250 pp. 0‐299‐16374‐1
El Dorado Borincano: La Economia de la Conquista 1510‐1550
Authors: Rodríguez Gabriel de la luz
Published: November 2004

Jalil Sued Badillo El Dorado Borincano: La Economia de la Conquista 1510‐1550; San Juan Ediciones Puerto, 2001. 515pp. ISBN: 0‐942347‐45‐5
The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd and Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians:Health and Disease across a Hunter‐Gatherer Continent
Authors: Goodman Alan
Published: November 2004

The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd. ed. Charlotte Roberts and Keith Manchester. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995 (cloth), x + 243 pp.

Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and Disease across a Hunter‐Gatherer Continent. Stephen Webb. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995 (cloth), xii + 324 pp.
Seminal Truth: A Modern Science of Male Celibacy in North India
Authors: Alter Joseph S.
Published: November 2004

Many scholars have noted that brahmacharya (celibacy) is an important concept in Hindu notions of male identity (cf. Kakar 1981, 1982, 1990; Obeyesekere 1976, 1981; for comparison, see Gilmore 1990). Although the psychological basis of this concept has been studied, there is very little in the literature on the "medical mechanics" of being and becoming a brahmachari. Nor is there a comprehensive account of the precise relationship between sex and the meaning of physical health in modern urban India. Through an examination of the popular Hindi literature on brahmacharya, interpreted within the context of therapeutic celibacy as put in practice by a modern yoga society, this article shows how a discourse about sex, semen, and health is conceived of in terms of embodied truth. Using Foucaulfs critique of Western sexuality as a contrasting frame of reference, I argue that the "truth" about sex in modern North India is worked out in somatic rather than psychological terms, in which morality is problematically defined by male physiology and gendered conceptions of good health, [celibacy, sex, yoga, health, semen, identity, North India]
“You Have to Be Your Own Doctor”: Sociocultural Influences on Alternative Therapy Use among Gay Men with AIDS in West Hollywood
Authors: Furin Jennifer J.
Published: November 2004

This article considers the use of alternative therapies by gay men with AIDS in West Hollywood, California. In all, 89 different alternative therapies for HIV and AIDS treatment were uncovered during the course of the study. In addition to the high number of alternative therapies, a majority of the men in the study (69.2 percent) were currently using some type of alternative treatment. Sociocultural influences on the use of alternative therapies are explored, including AIDS activism. Because most of the men (92 percent) also use Western medicine as well, the interface of these two types of treatments is also explored, [alternative therapies, AIDS, gay men]
Terror Warfare and the Medicine of Peace
Authors: Nordstrom Carolyn
Published: November 2004

Terror warfare's goal is to defeat political opposition by controlling populations through the fear of brutality. Mozambique's 1976–92 war stands as a prime example of this military strategy: over one million people, the vast majority of whom were civilians, were killed. Half of these casualties were children. Fully one‐half of the population was directly affected by the war, and one‐quarter had to flee their homes. As devastating as terror warfare is, it is destined to fail. People ultimately resist, and they do so in complex and creative ways. Rebuilding war‐destroyed worlds, healing the wounds of violence, and crafting concepts of self‐identity based on resistance to aggression become powerful conflict‐resolution strategies among the average citizenry. The creative resources that Mozambicans developed to survive and end a very brutal war are among the most sophisticated I have seen anywhere in the world. Their war was against violence itself. [War, healing, creativity, conflict resolution, Mozambique]
Prairie Voices: Process Anthropology in Family Medicine
Authors: Harrison Ira E.
Published: November 2004

Prairie Voices: Process Anthropology in Family Medicine. Howard F. Stein. Westport, CT: Bergin & Gavey. 1996. xxii. 137.
Culture, Socioeconomic Status, and Physical and Mental Health in Brazil
Authors: Dressler William W. , Balieiro Mauro Campos , Santos Jose Ernesto Dos
Published: November 2004

The association of socioeconomic variables with poor health status has been widely observed, if not well understood, and cultural dimensions of socioeconomic differences have rarely been incorporated into research models. In this article, a cultural dimension of socioeconomic status is examined in a Brazilian city through the use of ethnographic and social survey techniques. It suggests that lifestyle, defined in terms of the relative ability to accumulate consumer goods and the adoption of associated behaviors, is an important component of socioeconomic differences. Further research using cultural consensus analysis, a structured ethnographic technique that may be used to study shared cultural knowledge, demonstrates significant consensus regarding the definition of the successful lifestyle. Then, using that culturally defined model of the successful lifestyle as the central tendency, an individual‐level measure of approximation to that lifestyle was developed for a representative sample of 250 persons. This culturally defined measure of lifestyle was inversely associated with arterial blood pressure (β = ‐.216, p < .01), depressive symptoms (β = ‐.236, p < .01), and globally perceived stress (β = ‐.358, p < .01); furthermore, it absorbed the explained variability in these outcomes that is associated with conventional socioeconomic variables (occupation, education, income). For arterial pressure, cultural consonance explained almost 10 percent of the differences in blood pressure between individuals; for the psychological outcome variables, cultural consonance explained between 10 percent and 20 percent of the differences between individuals. Finally, its statistical effects were independent of other socioeconomic, dietary, anthropometric, and psychosocial variables. These results suggest that an individuals approximation to the cultural ideal of lifestyle, his or her “cultural consonance,” mediates the observed effects of socioeconomic variables on health status, [cultural consensus, cultural consonance, socioeconomic status, health status, Brazil]
“Milk Makes Me Sick but My Body Needs It”: Conflict and Contradiction in the Establishment of Authoritative Knowledge
Authors: Millard Ann V. , Kingfisher Catherine P.
Published: November 2004

This article takes lactose intolerance as a topic for exploring clashes power, authority, and knowledge in clinical interactions and interpretations oflaywomen. In clinics providing maternal and child care, staff clients jointly produced authoritative knowledge, most often a version biomedicine. The Euroamerican staff tended to give advice that was biologically appropriate for them but not for many of their patients, a process reflecting what we refer to as biocentrism. Resulting information given to pregnant and lactating women and diagnoses of children's growth patterns were inappropriate in some cases, with potentially serious legal and health implications. Clinic staff often unwittingly ignored the efforts of their clients to begin a discussion of discrepancies between their bodily knowledge and clinic advice. Some women created their own syntheses, which supported the ascendancy ofbiomedical knowledge were not in the interests of their own health, [authoritative knowledge, maternal‐child health, biocentrism, lactose intolerance, popular medicine, United States]
Clinical Anthropology: An Application of Anthropological Concepts within Clinical Settings
Authors: Heurtin‐Roberts Suzanne
Published: November 2004

Clinical Anthropology: An Application of Anthropological Concepts within Clinical Settings. John A. Rush. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996. xvi. 293 pp.
Female Genital Surgeries: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable
Authors: Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf
Published: November 2004

This article reviews the literature on female genital surgeries and examines the extent to which available research supports commonly accepted "facts" about the prevalence and harmful effects of these practices, in particular their possible health complications, and their effect on sexuality. While information regarding the prevalence of female genital surgeries is becoming increasingly available, the powerful discourse that depicts these practices as inevitably causing death and serious ill health, and as unequivocally destroying sexual pleasure, is not sufficiently supported by the evidence. The article discusses some of the implications of research on female genital surgeries for the societies that are involved—not merely those where the practices are found, but also those whose gaze has been so intensely focused on the customs of others, [female genital surgeries/mutilation, prevalence, health complications, sexuality]
Imagined Lives, Suffering, and the Work of Culture: The Embodied Discourses of Conflict in Modern Tibet
Authors: Janes Craig R.
Published: November 2004

This article explores the cultural epidemiology of rlung ("loong") disorder among Tibetans living in the cities and towns of the modern Chinese state of Tibet. Rlung, glossed as air or wind, is the most important of the three humors of the classical Tibetan ethnomedical system. Considered by Tibetans to be contingent upon multiple social, emotional, and religious phenomena, rlung disorders are fertile ground for the development of etiological discourses that incorporate the social and political crises that are part of the rapidly changing Tibetan plateau. In this essay I locate rlung disorder in a confluence of Tibetan ethnomedical constructions of the mind‐body‐universe linkage, in which rlung stands as the chief symbolic mediator, with ethnic conflict, rapid economic development, and the localization of global debates over Tibetan suffering and human rights. [Tibet, ethnomedicine, politics, economic development]
Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience
Authors: Frank Gelya
Published: November 2004

Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience. Cheryl Mattingly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiii. 192.
Clinician Experiences of Managed Mental Health Care: A Rereading of the Threat
Authors: Ware Norma C. , Lachicotte William S. , Kirschner Suzanne R. , Cortes Dharma E. , Good Byron J.
Published: November 2004

The threat mental health professionals perceive in managed care, as indicated by their writings on the subject, is re‐examined in light of evidence from an ethnographic study. Fieldwork focusing on clinician experiences of managed care was carried out at an urban community mental health center. Existing explanations of "the threat"—the possibility of deprofessionalization and the potential for deterioration in the quality of care—proved inadequate to account for the power it wielded at this site, perhaps because its full impact had yet to be felt at the time of data collection. A "rereading " suggests the meaning of managed care for this group of clinicians lies in the prospect of being gradually, unknowingly, and unwillingly reprofessionalized from critics into proponents simply by virtue of continuing to practice in a managed care context, and in losing a moral vision of good mental health treatment in the process, [clinician experience, mental health, managed care, medical anthropology]
Cultural Variations in the Placebo Effect: Ulcers, Anxiety, and Blood Pressure
Authors: Moerman Daniel E.
Published: November 2004

An analysis of the control groups in double‐blind trials of medicines demonstrates broad variation—from 0 to 100 percent—in placebo effectiveness rates for the same treatment for the same condition. In two cases considered here, drug healing rates covary with placebo healing rates; placebo healing is the ultimate and inescapable "complementary medicine. " Several factors can account for the dramatic variation in placebo healing rates, including cultural ones. But because variation differs by illness, large placebo effects for one condition do not necessarily anticipate large placebo effects for other conditions as well. Deeper understanding of the intimate relationship between cultural and biological processes will require close ethnographic scrutiny of the meaningfulness of medical treatment in different societies, [placebo effect, ulcer disease, anxiety, hypertension, cross‐cultural variation]
Seeking Early Care: The Role of Prenatal Care Advocates
Authors: Winston Carla A. , Oths Kathryn S.
Published: November 2004

This exploratory study investigates the role of social support in the initiation of prenatal care by analyzing data from interviews with 36 pregnant women at a public health facility in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. A systematic sample of U.S.‐born women aged 19 to 34 who initiated care in each of the three trimesters was interviewed. After controlling for age and education, three variables were found to be associated with earlier estimated gestational age at the time of a woman's first prenatal visit: self‐referral to care, more prenatal care advocates, and fewer children. There was no significant effect on the timing of entry to care associated with ethnicity, marital status, transportation availability, rural vs. urban residence, distance of residence from the clinic, or prior prenatal care at the public health facility. These results suggest that first‐time mothers are likely seek early care and that family and friends play a significant support role in encouraging women to begin care, [prenatal care, pregnancy, social support, Medicaid, treatment choice]
Preparing for Motherhood: Authoritative Knowledge and the Undercurrents of Shared Experience in Two Childbirth Education Courses in Cagliari, Italy
Authors: Ketler Suzanne K.
Published: November 2004

This article compares the social settings and teaching organization of two differently structured childbirth education courses in Cagliari, Italy, in order to understand how social processes and contexts work to negotiate authoritative knowledge. Although the explicit goal of both courses was to transmit biomedical knowledge, knowledge based in women's experience nonetheless dominated some course sessions. Thus, I examine the social processes and interactions that enabled women's experiential knowledge to dominate discussions and subsequently share in the authority of biomedical knowledge in some situations. Because few existing studies do so, this article also addresses a gap in our current understanding by exploring not only how experiential knowledge comes to share authority with biomedical knowledge, but also, why it is important that it does. Focusing on the efficacy of differently structured courses, this article informs the planning of future childbirth education courses in similar settings, [childbirth education, authoritative knowledge, reproduction, prenatal care, Italy]
Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross‐Cultural Perspectives; African American Midwifery in the South: Dialogues of Birth, Race, and Memory; Reading Birth and Death: A History of Obstetric Thinking
Authors: Renne Elisha P.
Published: November 2004

Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross‐Cultural Perspectives. Robbie E. Davis‐Floyd and Carolyn Sargent. eds. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. xii. 510pp.

African American Midwifery in the South: Dialogues of Birth, Race, and Memory. Gertrude Jacinta Fraser. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. xii. 287 pp.

Reading Birth and Death:. History of Obstetric Thinking. Jo Murphy‐Lawless. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. viii. 343pp.
Taxonomic Anxieties: Axis I and Axis II in Prison
Authors: Rhodes Lorna A.
Published: November 2004

This essay describes the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatry in the prison setting. The distinction between the Axis I disorders (major mental illness) and those designated Axis II (character disorders) is explored in terms of the professional division of labor in prison and the problems posed for prison discipline by "behaviorally disturbed" inmates. Conflicts over diagnosis are placed in ethnographic and historical perspective and form the basis for a discussion of the problematic relationship between disciplinary space and issues of subjection and agency, [prisons, psychiatric diagnosis, ethnography of prison, subjection, mental illness in prison, character disorders]
Secret Encounters: Black Men, Bisexuality, and AIDS in Alabama
Authors: Lichtenstein Bronwen
Published: November 2004

Black men suffer the highest rates of HIV infection in Alabama. However, little is known about the HIV risks of this sector of the population, primarily because the current public health focus is on women and children. The dearth of research on HIV risk among black men in Alabama is addressed by drawing on focus group, elicitation, and key informant data from an ongoing epidemiologic study on AIDS in that state. These hypothesis‐generating qualitative interviews were used to identify three high‐risk scenarios: "sex for money or drugs"; "prison sex"; and "sneaky sex" by married or nominally heterosexual men. It was found that covert and unprotected sex among bisexually active black men was commonplace for reasons that included prostitution, habituation to same‐sex relations during incarceration, and the desire to maintain a facade of heterosexuality in homophobic communities. It was concluded that bisexual activity is highly correlated with secrecy and unprotected sex. The risks of bisexuality among black men are exacerbated by incarceration, homophobia, drug use, and the prison and public health focus on surveillance rather than prevention, [black men, bisexuality, AIDS, Alabama]
Jesus, Peyote, and the Holy People: Alcohol Abuse and the Ethos of Power in Navajo Healing
Authors: Garrity John F.
Published: November 2004

Of the three religious healing traditions that coexist within the contemporary Navajo health care system, the Native American Church (NAC) and Pentecostal Christianity are more actively involved in the treatment of alcohol and substance abuse than is Traditional Navajo healing. This article examines these two more recent healing traditions as religious responses to the contemporary Navajo crisis of alcohol and substance abuse as well as to socioeconomic changes. These traditions offer new kinds of power, social networks, and personal meaning that facilitate a transformation of self, a revitalized sense of community, and a new vision of the possibilities of the future for Navajo people who suffer. Examining the ethos of power that underlies Navajo healing can complement the theoretical emphasis on harmony and beauty in anthropological research on Navajo culture and religion. [Navajo, alcohol abuse, religious movements, ritual healing, ethos of power]
Rethinking the Role of Diagnosis in Navajo Religious Healing
Authors: Milne Derek , Howard Wilson
Published: November 2004

Diagnosis plays a central, primary role in the therapeutic process across cultures. In this article, the authors examine the role of diagnosis in two Navajo religious healing traditions, the Traditional Navajo religion and the Native American Church (NAC), and examine a case study of a diagnostic encounter between an NAC diagnostician and a Traditional patient. The authors assert that, for Navajos, diagnosis is not merely a prescriptive rite that passively initiates the therapeutic process (as it has been seen in the Navajo literature) but can itself constitute a cure. Claims made about the similarity between Western psychotherapy and religious healing both by scholars and by the healer and patient in this case study are investigated. The authors conclude that such an analogy must be seen against the backdrop of Navajo beliefs about thought, speech, and health. Viewing diagnosis as a "talking cure" and an example of Good's concept of "narrativizing" illness (things it shares with Western psychotherapy) suggests why the analogy is appealing for Navajos themselves, [diagnosis, Navajo, religious healing, language]
In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race
Authors: Hutchinson Janis Faye
Published: November 2004

In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race. Melbourne Tapper. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.viii. 163pp.
A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Renne Elisha P.
Published: November 2004

. Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania. Philip W. Setel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.308 pp.
A Colonial Lexicon: Of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo
Authors: Boddy Janice
Published: November 2004

. Colonial Lexicon: Of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo. Nancy Rose Hunt. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xii+475 pp.
“New Beginnings”: A Case Study in Gay Men's Changing Perceptions of Quality of Life during the Course of HIV Infection
Authors: Bloom Frederick R.
Published: November 2004

This article reports results of an ethnographic study that sought to understand how a cohort of gay men living with HIV infection evaluated and worked to preserve or improve the quality of their lives. Themes of life story narratives are identified, each with an associated stylistic selforientation to living with HIV infection. Changes in thematic content of a selected participant's life story narratives are discussed, demonstrating how events of his daily life are integrated into the narratives. Resultant concurrent shifting of themes and stylistic orientations is linked to his perception of improved quality of life, [quality of life, life story, HIV/AIDS, illness experience, U.S. culture]
Catholic Social Policy and U.S. Health Care Reform: A Relationship Revisited
Authors: Angrosino Michael V.
Published: November 2004

The Roman Catholic Church is the single largest denomination in the United States and the one with the most extensive provider stake in health (and related social service) care. As a follow‐up to an earlier analysis of the Catholic role in the thwarted health care reform effort of1993–94, this article looks at the revival of interest in reform and at the rationale behind and strategy of the Catholic Church's current agenda‐setting initiative. The emphasis in this article is on the delicate relationship between organized religion and social policy in a society with an officially secular culture, [health care reform, policy analysis, Catholic social policy]
Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier
Authors: Kerr Anne
Published: November 2004

Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier. Kaja Finkler. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. xiv. 277 pp.
The Contribution of Medical Anthropology to a Comparative Study of Culture: Susto and Tuberculosis
Authors: Rubel Arthur J. , Moore Carmella C.
Published: November 2004

Results of studies of the popular illness susto and the biomedical entity pulmonary tuberculosis are offered to illustrate how comparisons of sick and well people can elucidate societal processes in cultural anthropology. [comparative methods, susto, tuberculosis]
Remaking a World: Violence, Social Suffering, and Recovery
Authors: Meyers Todd
Published: November 2004

Remaking. World: Violence, Social Suffering, and Recovery. Veena Das. Arthur Kleinman. Margaret Lock. Mamphela Ramphele. and Pamela Reynolds. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. viii. 294 pp.
Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights
Authors: Ford Paul J.
Published: November 2004

Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights. Erik Parens and Adrienne Asch. eds. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2000.xvi. 371pp.
Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Strauss Sarah
Published: November 2004

Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. Hans A. Baer. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001. xii. 222 pp.
"The Hands Know": Bodily Engagement and Medical Impasse in Highland Maya Bonesetting
Authors: Hinojosa Servando Z.
Published: November 2004

In southern Middle America, highland Maya bonesetters are called on to treat many cases of bodily injury. While Guatemalan Maya bonesetters vary greatly in their techniques and specialties, they prioritize manual treatment modalities, using their hands to address problems in clients' bodies. For bonesetters, the hands achieve direct knowledge of the suffering body, enabling them to work and securing the trust of those they treat. Nonetheless, Maya bonesetters face opposition from physicians who argue that bonesetters are untrained in Western trauma techniques and can inflict irreparable harm on people. This article examines how Maya bonesetters work in an environment hostile to their craft and explores some important vectors of bodily and ideological engagement between Maya bonesetting and Guatemalan biomedicine. [Maya bonesetters, manual medicine, embodied knowledge]
Nostalgia and Degeneration: The Moral Economy of Drinking in Navajo Society
Authors: Quintero Gilbert
Published: November 2004

This article focuses on how some members of Navajo society use narratives regarding alcohol and drinking to comment on cultural degeneration and the decay of the traditional Navajo moral economy. These narratives drinking are seldom solely about alcohol but refer to a host of distinct yet interrelated concerns involving moral values, individual and collective identities, underdevelopment, imagined histories, psychic conflict, and social contention. This article sheds light on how evaluations of alcohol and drinking problems, as encapsulated in narratives of degeneration, fit into the overall context of contemporary Navajo society. Narratives of degeneration juxtapose a degenerate present to a nostalgic past and in the process direct moral censure toward two primary groups in Navajo society, namely, young people and others who drink to excess, [drinking, Native Americans, Navajo, narrative, alcohol]
Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies; Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing; Was ist ein Schamane?/What is a Shaman? Shamans, Healers, and Medicine Men from a Western Point of View
Authors: Conklin Beth A.
Published: November 2004

Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies. Linda H. Connor and Geoffrey Samuel. eds. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. xiii. 283 pp.

Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing. Michael Winkelman. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2000. 336 pp.

Was ist ein Schamane?/What is. Shaman? Shamans, Healers, and Medicine Men from. Western Point of View. Amélie Schenk and Christian Rätsch. eds. Berlin: Society for Ethnomedicine, Curare/ Sonderband, 1999. 260 pp.
Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds.
Authors: Delmouzou Efrossyni
Published: November 2004

Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds. Dorothy Holland. Debra Skinner. William Lachicotte. Jr. and Carol Cain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. 368 pp.
The Sound of Barking Dogs: Violence and Terror among Salvadoran Families in the Postwar
Authors: Dickson‐Gómez Julia
Published: November 2004

This article examines the trans generational transmission of trauma among campesinos living in a rural, repopulated community in El Salvador. Research with Holocaust survivors and their children has shown that traumatic symptoms can be transmitted to children who did not directly experience the Holocaust. The mechanisms by which this transgenerational transmission occurs have not been fully explored and require an expansion of medical and anthropological conceptualizations of posttraumatic illness. Through their reactions to and interpretations of everyday events, campesino parents who lived in the guerrilla camps explicitly transmit trauma to children who did not experience the recent civil war. Illness narratives by sufferers of nervios transmit trauma and point to the basic immorality of the war, an immorality that continues today. In addition, the symptoms ofnervios constitute a mechanism by which trauma is implicitly transmitted. Symptoms ofnervios point to what generally is not and, indeed, cannot be voiced; the destruction of primary relationships in the family and unresolved grief and helplessness, which, through the responses of family members to the sufferer, are reproduced and reenacted in the present family context. [El Salvador, nervios, transgenerational transmission of trauma]
"I Speak a Different Dialect": Teen Explanatory Models of Difference and Disability
Authors: Daley Tamara C. , Weisner Thomas S.
Published: November 2004

What do teens with disabilities believe about their conditions, and what do they understand to be the causes, correlates, and consequences of disability? We elicited a cultural explanatory model (EM) of disability from longitudinal sample of 23 European American adolescents with varied cognitive disabilities and delay. We asked teens how they were similar to different from others; the name of this difference; its causes, severity, course, effects, associated problems and benefits; and need for treatment. IQ and type of disability strongly affected quality of responses only from the lowest functioning teens. A majority of teens had a reasonably rich and coherent EM, blending typical and disability themes of cultural knowledge and identity. The EM is a window into social context (schools, services, parents, and peers) as well as personal experience. Eliciting explanatory models from teens with disabilities is not only possible but also can enhance understanding of identity, family influence, and appropriate services, [disability; explanatory models; adolescence; culture]
The Medicalization of "Nature" in the "Artificial Body": Surrogate Motherhood in Israel
Authors: Teman Elly
Published: November 2004

In this article, I draw on anthropological and feminist scholarship on the body and the nature/culture divide as a framework for understanding the place of surrogate mothers in a conceptual ideology that connects motherhood with nature. I explore links between the medicalization of childbirth in Israel and the personal agency of surrogate mothers as relayed through interviews. Taking the patriarchal context of the Israeli surrogacy law of 1996 into consideration, I underscore surrogates' imaginative use of medical metaphors as tools for the subversion of surrogacy's threatening social connotations. By redefining the surrogate body as "artificial" and locating "nature" in the commissioning mother's body, surrogates adopt medical rhetoric to transform surrogacy from a transgressive act into an alternative route toward achieving normative Israeli national reproductive goals, [surrogate motherhood, medicalization, nature, body, agency, Israel]
Female Genital Cutting: A Harmless Practice?
Authors: Mackie Gerry
Published: November 2004

A recent article in Medical Anthropology Quarterly (Obermeyer 1999) argues that the "facts " about the "harmful effects " of female genital cutting (FGC) are "not sufficiently supported by the evidence" (p. 79). The article suggests three further hypotheses, among others: (1) FGC may be of minimal harm because the more educated continue the practice just as much as the less educated; (2) FGC may be of minimal harm because it is so widespread and persistent; (3) FGC may be of minimal harm because the supposed link between the clitoris and female sexual pleasure is a social construction rather than a physiological reality. I challenge these hypotheses. I say that by appropriate standards of evaluation, FGC is harmful. Finally, I submit that most FGC is a proper matter of concern because it is the irreversible reduction of a human capacity in the absence of meaningful consent, [female genital cutting, harm evaluation, critical epidemiology, harmful traditional practices]
Trading Nutrition for Education: Nutritional Status and the Sale of Snack Foods in an Eastern Kentucky School
Authors: Crooks Deborah L
Published: November 2004

Overweight and poor nutrition of children in the United States are becoming issues of increasing concern for public health. Dietary patterns of U.S. children indicate they are consuming too few fruits and vegetables and too many foods high in fat and sugar. Contributing to this pattern of food consumption is snacking, which is reported to be on the increase among adults and children alike. One place where snacking is under increased scrutiny, and where it is being increasingly criticized, is in U.S. schools, where snack foods are often sold to supplement inadequate budgets. This article takes a biocultural approach to understanding the nutritional status of elementary school children in a rural community in eastern Kentucky. It pays particular attention to the ways in which the schools nutrition environment shapes overweight and nutritional status for many of the children, focusing on the sale of snack foods and the reasons behind the principal's decision to sell snack foods in the school [nutritional anthropology, overweight, snack foods, Appalachia]
Death, Taxes, Public Opinion, and the Midas Touch of Mary Tyler Moore: Accounting for Promises by Politicians to Help Avert and Control Diabetes
Authors: Rock Melanie
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists have begun to publish ethnographic accounts of policymaking, but few have studied medical or health matters, despite broad acceptance in anthropology that "biopower" permeates contemporary societies. This article presents some findings from an ethnographic study of how diabetes gained recognition as a pressing public health problem in Canada. It underlines the importance of statistics for constituting power within and across nation states. Statistics imbricate people and things distributed across vast distances, but they still need to be generated and invoked by individuals to engender effects–as illustrated in this article by the contributions of researchers, aboriginal leaders, and an American actress, Mary Tyler Moore–in this case, the development of Canadian government policies justified in the name of averting and controlling diabetes. To make sense of these findings, subtle differences between two concepts coined by Michel Foucault, "biopowern and "governmentality," seem significant, [diabetes mellitus, public policy, population health, aboriginal health, Canada]
Gender Variation in the Identification of Mexican Children's Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Brewis Alexandra , Schmidt Karen L.
Published: November 2004

We test empirically how caregiver reports of DSM‐IV symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) vary by child 's gender in a sample of 206 middle‐class Mexican children, ages 6–12 years. Objective measures of children's hyperactive and inattentive behavior, derived from ethological observation and activity monitoring, are used as a control in regression analyses. When these objective measures of behavioral differences are taken into account, teachers ascribe more inattention symptoms to boys than girls. Parents, by contrast, do not display a significant gender difference in identification of children's ADHD symptoms. This study provides an empirical demonstration that children's ADHD symptoms can be, but need not always be, reported differently based on cultural models expecting behavioral differences. In this case, child's gender influences the way psychiatric symptoms are ascribed to them by some, but not all, groups of involved social actors. [ADHD, gender, culture, symptoms, psychiatric disorders, Mexico]