bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best Lessons Learned from FDA Warning Letters
Authors:   Medtronic Inc., Nowocin Walter
Published: March 2022

The current regulatory climate is intense as the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has ratcheted up their compliance oversight with more Warning Letters being sent to Healthcare companies. Warning Letters are issued only for violations of regulatory significance. The good news is that the FDA publishes all Warning Letters on their web site as a public service. And they have a very easy search engine that allows you to find Warning Letters that contain topics particular to your industry or job. This paper reviews calibration related FDA Warning Letters generated over the past twelve months. We will analyze the best Warning Letter examples and discuss best practices that would avoid these violations. With this knowledge, we can learn from these violations and ensure that our metrology programs do not negatively impact the cost of quality of our organizations.
Hosted Laboratory Management Systems
Authors:   Exelon PowerLabs, LLC, Pessa Thomas P.
Published: March 2022

For many metrology laboratories, the management system used to track and schedule the daily work is critical to the success of the laboratory. Many labs, if not most, inevitably purchase software from a commercial provider as a means to have a calibration management system in place. A primary concern with the purchase of typical software is the onerous reality that the software systems must be installed on each and every computer or at best served to every computer from a central server.
Can we calibrate a 1 mW @ 50 MHz power reference SWR using a VNA?
Authors:   National Instruments, Claxton Corey
Published: March 2022

This paper evaluates a process to use a VNA to measure the SWR of a 50 MHz power reference output found in most power meters. Normally measuring this parameter involves the use of a thermistor mount, a power meter, and a more or less complex method that involves in a first step measure the output with the power meter set to the normal bridge setting of 200 ohm and then change it to 100 ohm. The SWR can then be determined, by calculating the mismatch of these two different load conditions. However, if you don’t have a thermistor mount or they are out for calibration is it possible to use a VNA to make the same measurement accurately? Using the VNA and setting up a sweep around the 50 MHz output signal we can measure the SWR in immediate vicinity of the 50 MHz signal. This creates a possible alternate method for measuring the SWR of the reference output using the VNA. We will compare results using the traditional method and the VNA method to find if the VNA method is an acceptable alternative solution.
WBM: A scalable gridded global hydrologic model with water tracking functionality
Authors: Grogan Danielle S. , Zuidema Shan , Prusevich Alex , Wollheim Wilfred M. , Glidden Stanley , Lammers Richard B.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This paper describes the University of New Hampshire Water Balance Model, WBM, a process-based gridded global hydrologic model that simulates the land surface components of the global water cycle and includes water extraction for use in agriculture and domestic sectors. WBM has a long publication history; here we describe the first fully open source WBM version. This version includes a suite of water source tracking modules that enable analysis of flow-path histories on water supply. Earlier descriptions of WBM methods provide the foundation of the most recent model version detailed here. WBM is available here: https://github.com/wsag/WBM. WBM is written in the perl data programming language (PDL), making use of several open-source perl libraries. As a convenience we also provide a Singularity container that simplifies installation of dependencies. We present an overview of the model functionality, utility, and validation of global river discharge and irrigation water use using data from the Global Runoff Data Centre and FAO statistics. A key feature of WBM is the ability to identify the partitioning of sources for each stock or flux within the model. Therefore, users can determine what proportion of any flux consists of each of the primary inputs of water to the surface of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle, previously extracted water for human uses, or runoff generated from any place on the Earth’s surface. Such component tracking provides both a more fully transparent model in that users can identify the underlying mechanisms generating the simulated behavior, as well as perform model experiments in new ways.
Examining the Use of Twitter in Online Classes: Can Twitter Improve Interaction and Engagement?
Authors: Rohr Linda , Squires Laura , Peters Adrienne
Published: March 2022

Student engagement promotes communication and knowledge acquisition, a concept that is challenged in the online environment as few opportunities exist to physically connect instructors and learners. Limited research suggests that social media is a tool that can positively impact student engagement in the online classroom, which is especially relevant in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic and learning formats transitioning online. Specifically, Twitter, a favoured format for sharing news, entertainment, and professional networking, may provide a platform and an opportunity for engagement between students and the instructor outside of the traditional, formal classroom setting. This research explores how postsecondary students enrolled in two introductory online self-directed asynchronous courses used social media tools for personal, professional, and academic purposes and how Twitter, as a course evaluation requirement, contributed to interaction and engagement. Relying on 104 pre- and 34 post-semester surveys, our analysis revealed that while Twitter was not used as widely as other social media platforms, a notable proportion of students shared positive perceptions about Twitter’s use. Further analysis revealed some polarizing results with recommendations for successfully implementing Twitter in online learning.
Particulars of Practice: A Collaborative Self-study of Mentoring Practicum-based Seminars
Authors: Sivia Awneet , MacMath Sheryl , Britton Vandy
Published: March 2022

This paper documents research regarding the roles, practices, and identities of three faculty members who mentor teacher candidates during practicums. Using a collaborative self-study (Hamilton, 1995), the authors examine the implications of implementing “particulars of practice seminars” (POPS) where practice issues are surfaced by candidates and examined collaboratively through focused conversation. The POPS are designed to develop candidates’ authority of experience (Munby & Russell, 1994) and foster candidates’ agency in professional learning yet these aims are highly dependent upon the faculty mentors’ practices and how these seminars are conceived and enacted. Using reflections, email threads, and meetings, this self-study focuses on the authors’ conceptions of their practice, identities, and roles as faculty mentors participating in the POPS and introduces “braiding” as a metaphor to illustrate the weaving together of multiple data sources. Results include assertions regarding programmatic recommendations, faculty development, and methodological approaches used in self-study research.
Developing an Undergraduate Business Course Using Open Educational Resources
Authors: Kotsopoulos Donna
Published: March 2022

There are growing concerns about the affordability and accessibility of post-secondary education. This has resulted in increased attention to the inclusion of open educational resources (OERs) as course materials rather than commercial course resources. OERs are mostly cost-neutral for students. In this research, an elective course for business students was developed using only OERs. To assist with the selection of OERs to be included in this course, an OER evaluation tool available online was used. Resources that were considered and were evaluated using the tool included traditional OERs (fully open), those in the public domain (unrestricted by licensing), and resources that are publicly available for educational purposes. An important contribution of this research is the extension of the definition of OERs to include publicly available resources. This paper reports on the results of this process and students’ perceptions about the inclusion of OERs in their course. Recommendations for further research and for practice are shared.
Uncharted Territory: Curriculum Mapping Multiple Majors Simultaneously
Authors: Reniers Jennifer , Mathany Clarke , Farkas Megan , Pollock Heather , Husband Brian C.
Published: March 2022

Curriculum mapping is the process of creating a visual representation of the teaching and assessment of learning outcomes in a degree, program or major. Best practice recommendations about curriculum mapping typically focus on mapping individual programs. Therefore, many recommendations, such as meeting individually with faculty as they map their course, may not be feasible for large-scale mapping projects. This paper describes the process of a large-scale curriculum mapping project designed to map the Bachelor of Science degree and 24 of its associated majors. The project involved the participation of faculty from three colleges within a research-intensive University to map over 400 courses. We describe the key questions and decisions involved in carrying out the mapping project, our data collection and analysis process, and our dissemination efforts to ensure that the mapping results were used to inform curricular change.
Crisis económica y Covid-19. Una visión desde la frontera de México y Estados Unidos
Authors: Díaz Bautista Alejandro , Díaz González Eliseo , Plascencia López Ismael , Loría Díaz de Guzmán Eduardo Gilberto , Salas González Emmanuel Gerardo , Fuentes Flores Noé Arón , Brugués Rodríguez Alejandro , Tinoco Zermeño Miguel Ángel , Castellanos Curiel Ricardo , Corrales Corrales Salvador , Alcalá Álvarez María del Carmen , Rosas Chimal Mario Alberto , Gaytán Alfaro Edgar David , De la Luz Tovar Christian , Silva Castañeda Marcos David , Zárate Cornejo Robert Efraín , Martínez Pellégrini Sárah Eva
Published: March 2022

La pandemia por el Covid-19 ha tenido impactos económicos enormes y crecientes costos humanos en todo el mundo, además de efectos devastadores en las economías mundiales y en especial en América del Norte durante 2020 y 2021. Para proteger las vidas y permitir que los sistemas sanitarios puedan hacer frente a la situación, ha sido necesario recurrir a aislamientos, confinamientos y cierres generalizados con el fin de frenar la propagación del coronavirus. Se proyecta que la economía mundial sufrirá una brusca contracción de al menos -3.3% en 2020, mucho peor que la registrada durante la crisis financiera de 2008-2009. En México, la caída en el PIB llegó a -8.2%, la peor registrada en los últimos 88 años. Entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, el Colegio de la Frontera Norte, a través del Departamento de Estudios Económicos y la Maestría en Economía Aplicada, organizó sendos seminarios para analizar la crisis económica ocasionada por la pandemia del Covid-19 en la frontera México-Estados Unidos durante 2020, así como las perspectivas económicas para 2020-2021.
Design of IoT based protection system for Distribution Breakers using Arduino
Authors: Soomro Shafique Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Protection of an installed electrical system is globally controlled and monitored through the centralized internet base communication medium to make the system most reliable. Now a day’s researchers are also focusing to protect the Lineman from electrical Hazards that occur in the system. Therefore, this work focuses on the protection of lineman Through the help of an Automatic Password based circuit breaker using the Arduino system. This solution provides and ensures the complete safety lineman through password-based circuit mode. Furthermore, the detection of the fault in the installed electric line will be acknowledged, by the lineman to substation operating staff by entering the referenced password. Thus, the isolated system. and balanced communication of lineman and operating staff help to reduce the possibility of accidents and providing safety as well as reliability of power system.
Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) Assisted Reference Evapotranspiration (ETO) Estimations
Authors: Bashir Rab Nawaz
Published: March 2022

Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) is the amount of irrigation water required by a model crop to grow at its optimal level. ETo determination is a complex process that requires complicated calculations with many variables involved. There is a need to determine the ETo from available environmental conditions. Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) based ETo estimation is proposed. IoT-assisted directly captured temperature data from the crop field is used to estimate the ETo. The estimated ETo can be used in many Precisions Agriculture (PA) applications especially in Precision Irrigation (PI) for measurement of Crop Potential Evapotranspiration (ETc), (irrigation water requirements of specific crops) using crop coefficient (Kc). Naive Bays ML algorithm is applied and evaluated for accurate estimations of ETo. The performance of the ML model is evaluated based on accuracy, f-measures, and recall for ETo estimation. Blaney-Criddle method of ETo measurements is used as a standard approach to benchmark the performance of the ML-based ETo estimations.
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Dan Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Di Baperlitbang Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Lustono Lustono , Fitriyanti Laela , Suryani Ratna
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

            The problem in this study is the effect of organizational commitment and the application of good governance principles on service quality. This research is located at the Research and Development Planning Agency of Banjarnegara Regency, this study aims to explain the influence of organizational commitment variables and the application of good governance principles in a passive and simultaneous way on service quality. This research is a quantitative research. The data used in this study is primary data with a questionnaire technique. The population in this study are people who carry out research permits and data request permits in the Research, Development and Planning Program. The sampling technique in this study is to use the slovin calculation and obtained a sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 24 software. The results of this study indicate that partially the organizational commitment variable has no effect on service quality and the variable application of the principles of good governance has a positive and significant effect on service quality. Meanwhile, simultaneously organizational commitment and the application of good governance principles affect service quality.
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, BEBAN KERJA DAN PEMBERIAN INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT DI RSUD Hj. ANNA LASMANAH BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Suryani Ratna , Saktianingsih Dina , Maesaroh Siti
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

 

   The problem in this study is that nurses are the spearhead of health services in hospitals and are one of the keys to improving the quality of services in hospitals. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the performance of nurses in carrying out their duties and functions in providing professional services to patients. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of social support, workload and incentives on the performance of nurses in RSUD Hj. Anna Lasmanah Banjarnegara

                        This study uses a quantitative approach. The data used in this research is primary data with questionnaire distribution technique. The population in this study were nurses at RSUD Hj. Anna Lasmanah Banjarnegara. The sampling technique in this study was using the slovin calculation and obtained a sample of 135 respondents. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 16 software. The results showed that partially social support and workload variables had a significant effect on nurse performance. While the variable of incentives does not have a significant effect on the performance of nurses. It is known that the coefficient of determination in this study is 0.430 (43%), meaning that the percentage of the influence of independent variables, namely social support, workload and incentives on nurse performance is 43% while the remaining 57% is influenced by other variables not included in this study.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan Dan Brand Image Toko Terhadap Niat Beli Ulang Di Online Marketplace Dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Suryani Ratna , Ramdhani Firkhan Nur
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

 

The problem in this study is the high intention of the people of Banjarnegara in Making repeat purchases through the online marketplace. There are several factors that repurchase intention, such as : perception of ease andstore brand image. This study aims to determine the effect of perception of ease and store brand image on repurchase intentions in the online marketplace with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The population in this study is the Banjarnegara community of 923,192 people. While the sample of this study was 100 respondents. With purposive sampling technique. The type of data used is primary data and data collection techniques using a questionnaire via google form. The results of this study indicate that perceived ease has no positive and insignificant effect on repurchase intention. Store brand image has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Perception of convenience has no negative and insignificant effect on customer satisfaction. Store brand image has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intentions. Customer satisfaction cannot mediate the relationship between perceived convenience and repurchase intention. Customer satisfaction can mediate the relationship between store brand image and repurchase intention.

Keywords: Perception of Ease, Store Brand Image, Repurchase Intention, Customer Satisfaction
PERANAN CSR DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH DIGITALISASI, KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN (Studi Pada Perusahaan Farmasi di BEI Periode 2016-2020)
Authors: Purnama Hari
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

 

This study aims to examine the effect of digitization, investment decisions and financial performance on firm value. To examine the effect of digitization and investment decisions on financial performance. To examine the effect of Digitalization and Investment Decisions on Corporate Value moderated by CSR. The variables of this study consisted of independent, dependent and mediating variables. The independent variables of this study are digitalization, investment decisions and financial performance, the dependent variable is firm value and the moderating variable is CSR. The population in this study are all pharmaceutical companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. Sampling technique purposive sampling. Methods of data collection using literature and documentation. The analytical technique used is path analysis or path analysis using multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The results of research on digitization, financial performance and CSR have a positive and significant effect on firm value. While the Investment Decision does not affect the Company Value. Digitalization, and Financial Performance have a positive and significant impact on CSR. Meanwhile, investment decisions have no effect on CSR. CSR is able to mediate the relationship between the influence of digitalization, investment decisions and financial performance on firm value.

 

Keywords: Digitalization, Investment Decision, Financial Performance, CSR and Company Value
Genotyping of Opioid Receptor Mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G Polymorphism in Indonesian Drug Addicts
Authors: Puspitasari Alvina Arum , Ikawati Zullies , Sri Swasthikawati , Rahmawati Anindya
Published: March 2022

Opioid receptor mu-1 (OPRM1) A118G gene polymorphism has been widely studied as a strong candidate gene for increasing risk of drug addiction. However, the association is still controversial concerning the effect of A118G polymorphisms on drug addiction seems to be different inter-ethnic. The prevalence of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism is found to be low in the European American population but high in the Asian population. To date, there are very limited reports on this polymorphism in the Indonesian population and its association with drug addiction. Here, we carry out the genotyping of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism in Indonesian population using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. The result shows that the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism is relatively higher compared with other Asian countries. When comparing the frequency of the genotype and allele between the normal (n = 83) and the drug-addicted (n = 83) subjects, no significant difference in prevalence was found in neither genotype (p = 0.066, 95% CI [confidence interval]) nor allele (p = 0.432; 95% CI) between the groups. Our results suggest that there is no direct effect of OPRM1 A118G gene polymorphism on the risk of drug addiction (including stimulants, marijuana, and benzodiazepine) among Indonesian; instead, social factors might play a key role.
Evaluation of Anti-arthritic Activity of Leaves Extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba
Authors: Raj Amol , Kumar Shakya Manish , Singh Talever , Agrawal Mohit , Singh Katiyar Nishant
Published: March 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a major auto immune disorder of body and affects the various joints which may lead to physical disability. The leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (family rubiaceae) have long been used traditionally to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Though, it has not been pharmacologically assessed for rheumatoid arthritis. The current study explores its anti-arthritic mechanism and phytochemical analysis of ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba. Methods: Anti-arthritic potential was evaluated through Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis rats model at 200 mg/kg/p.o doses of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves using Diclofenac sodium as a standard drug. Apart from this we have evaluated parameters like paw edema, body weight, loco motor activity, hematological observations, and radiography etc. Results: The results revealed various arthritic protective mechanisms. Similarly plant exhibited dose dependent anti-arthritic effect with maximum activity observed at 200 mg/kg/ b.w/ p.o.. The results of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) model depicted better protection against paw edema and body weight alterations. Also Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extracts remarkably altered locomotion of rats, and positive results were seen in hematological parameters and radiography. Additionally plant exhibited remarkable anti-oxidant activity. Moreover phytochemical analysis revealed polyphenols, anti oxidants and flavanoids. Conclusion: By deeply analyzing the obtained results and data our research work supports the traditional use of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves as a potential anti arthritic agent that may be proposed for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Transferosomes as an Efficient Carrier System for better Therapeutic response of Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Singhal Manmohan , Nimisha Nimisha
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) mainly focuses to aim the medication to a specific organ site and hence reducing the amount of drug in remaining tissues therefore, improving its bioavailability and therapeutic index at the targeted site. This helps in minimizing the adverse effects and improves its efficacy. OBJECTIVE: Presently there are different carrier systems like liposomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, phytosomes, aquasomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, microparticles, nanoparticles, etc. are being used for the purpose of site specific drug delivery and also to prevent drug candidate from metabolic degradation process. The major focus of this review work is on Transferosomes proves as an efficient carrier for target delivery of drugs. The drugs molecules get decomposed due to different metabolic processess and other physiological conditions of the body; this emerges the need for site specific systems for drug delivery to prevent the drug molecules. This site specific process is also known as smart drug delivery because these nanocarrier systems significantly changes their physiochemical properties in response to internal environment of the body and release the drug at its targeted site at a specific rate according to severity of the disease. CONCLUSION: The applications of these nano systems like fabrication, encapsulation, response to various stimuli are vital for site specific delivery of drugs. Nanotechnological application in drug delivery enhances the process of drug delivery. There are various kinds of nano-size particulate systems that are already approved for their clinical use although these are now in their development stages. This will be a major focus for future drug targeting with various newer molecules.
Glycerosomes: A Novel Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rani Deepika , Sharma Vaishali , Singh Pinki , Singh Ranjit
Published: March 2022

Glycerosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems used both for topical as well as systemic drug delivery. These noninvasive carriers can penetrate into the deeper layer of skin to such extent a free drug would not penetrate. Glycerosomes are composed of phospholipids, water and high concentration of glycerol (from 20 to 40%), which are harmless and fully acceptable ingredients for topical preparations. High concentration of glycerol gives positive contributes to the penetration of drug by increasing flexibility of vesicles; italso enhances the stability of vesicles.They have capability to encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilicdrugs and protect them from degradation. Now a days glycerosomal carrier are the most interesting area of work for researchers. This review article summarizes the structure, advantages, composition, methods of preparations, characterization and applications of glycerosomes.
Apium graveolens L.: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
Authors: E.I. Makarova , D.O. Bokov , E.V. Sergunova , V.V. Chevidaev , S.D. Kakhramanova , V.V. Bessonov , N.V. Friesen , A.N. Luferov
Published: March 2022

Phytochemical composition data of various parts of celery (Apium graveolens L.) and pharmacological activity thereof are analyzed herein. Flavonoids, organic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, ether oil terpenoids, tannins, vitamins and microelements are A. graveolens biologically active substances (BAS). Rich composition of BAS causes multiple both biological and pharmacological effects of herbal raw materials extracts mainly due to antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the extracts have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive and antibacterial effects. A. graveolens possesses wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and is a nontoxic plant; A. graveolens-based medicines will have high margin of safety. The results obtained provide opportunities for making herbal pharmaceutical celery-based substances and introduction thereof into the academic medicine.
Optical detection of Copper and Cadmium from Aqueous solution using Arylidenemalanonitriles
Authors: R. Parkavi , G. Madhan , K. Srinivasan , K. Sathishkumar , A. Chandramohan , K. Dinakaran
Published: March 2022

We have synthesized new fluorescent organic molecules namely arylidene malanonitriles, through Knovenegal condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes and malanonitrile, which are capable of detectingCd2+and Cu2+ ions in water with sensitivity. The synthesized molecules are characterized through infrared spectrometry, high resolution Mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The fluorescent organic molecules exhibited a fluorescent emission and significant UV-Vis absorption, the intensity of which is increased proportional to the addition of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions. The lowest detection limit for the Cd2+and Cu2+ were found to be 2.0×10-10 M and 4×10-12 M, respectively.
Risk assessment of different edible oils subjected to heat at different time intervals and analyzed by titrimetric and instrumental methods and biological estimation on Wistar albino rats
Authors: M. Ramayyappa , Babu G. Raveendra , Syloosha H.S.P. , Satyasri V. Alekya , G. Premi , Prudhvi Ch.
Published: March 2022

Oils and fats in the diet serve three functions in the human body: as an energy source, a structural component, and as important biological regulators. Lipid peroxidation may be accelerated by repeatedly heating soy oil. Unsaturated fatty acids that have been oxidised may play a role in the aetiology of a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to see if repeatedly heating edible oil had any negative consequences on illness development. In this investigation, four different edible oils were heated to their regular boiling point and then heated for another 3 hours at a 1hour interval. The heated samples were subjected to qualitative examination. After analysing the results, it was discovered that saponification values declined as continuous heating, i.e. 3 hours, was applied to all different oils, resulting in low saponification values when compared to 2 hours, 1 hour, and normal boiling point. Lower the saponification value, the more free fatty acids and triglycerides are produced, which may contribute to cardio vascular illness. The acid values grew as the heating progressed, according to the findings. A high acid number suggests that there is a lot of acid in the system. The values of iodine fell as the heating progressed, according to the results. The presence of saturated fatty acids is indicated by a low iodine value. Saturated fatty acids were detrimental to one's health. As the heating progressed, the peroxide levels grew. Deterioration is indicated by an increase in peroxide value. When compared to other oils, palm oil showed a high saponification value, acid value, peroxide value, and low iodine value. Total cholesterol, tri-glycerides, and glucose levels were higher in 3 hours heated oils than in 2 hours, 1 hour, and at normal boiling point in biological tests.
A Validated Potentiometric Titration Method for Quantitative Determination of Favipiravir from Pharmaceutical Preparation
Authors: Rajan V. Rele , Prathamesh P. Tiwatane
Published: March 2022

A simple precise, rapid accurate and sensitive non-aqueous potentiometric titration method was developed for quantitative determination of favipiravir from pharmaceutical dosage form. The titration was carried out using standardized 0.1 N perchloric acid. The proposed method was found to be precise with % RSD <1 (n = 6). The method showed strict linearity (r2 > 0.9999) between 10 % to 50 % w/v of 0.200 mg of drug substance weight. The percentage recovery of favipiravir in the optimized method was between 99.65 to 100.08 %. The method is also found to be rugged when checked by different analysts and using different lots of reagents and different makes of titrators.
Digestion and recovery of household waste (food) into biogas: The case study Ouargla city in Sahara- Algeria
Authors: Hima Amara , Ouakkaf Amira
Published: March 2022

The recycling of household waste through the anaerobic digestion of solid household waste into biogas represents one of the current topics that address the issues and environmental sustainability: renewable energy, depollution in urban ecology, methanogens in green chemistry. In this research, this contribution deals with the experimental digestion of household food waste (HFW) and vegetable, fruit and garden waste (VFG), using a chemical reactors, in order to evaluate the effect of temperature in the different phases, of 25oC, 35oC, 45oC, 55oC, and 65oC, at different Dry/humidity ratios: 40%, 50%, and 60%, on the production rate of biogas, in the food waste of the inhabitants of the city of Ouargla in Sahara (Algeria) (presentational sampling in terms of the amount of protein-rich and fatty food waste, and the ambient temperature). The result of research revealed that (under high temperature and wetting conditions) show the impact of the proteins and fats in the food waste on the high amount of biogas emitted (100% augmented) compared to the vegetable, fruit and garden waste.
Electric propulsion research activities at ESA
Authors: Amo Jose Gonzalez del
Published: March 2022

ELECTRIC PROPULSION AT THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

The high specific impulse of Electric propulsion systems reduces the amount of propellant required to perform an operation in space. These savings will allow space projects to use smaller launches or increasing the payload.

In the commercial arena (telecommunication and constellations space missions), the strong competition among satellite manufacturers is a major driver for advancements in the area of electric propulsion, where increasing better performance together with low prices are required. Furthermore, new scientific and Earth observation missions dictate new challenging requirements for propulsion systems and components based on advanced technologies such as microNewton thrusters. Moreover, new interplanetary missions in the frame of exploration will require sophisticated propulsion systems to reach planets such as Mercury or Mars and in some cases bring back to Earth samples from these planets. Space tugs, de-orbiting tugs and re-fuelling spacecraft will make also use of Electric Propulsion. Finally, Electric Propulsion systems will be used by the future EVO Galileo programme to perform orbit raising manoeuvres. Furthermore Cubesat electric propulsion systems will enable new missions.

ESA is currently involved in activities related to spacecraft electric propulsion, from the basic research and development of conventional and new concepts to the manufacturing, Testing and flight control of the propulsion subsystems of several European satellites. The exploitation of the flight experience is also an important activity at ESA that will help mission designers to implement the lessons learnt to the development of these new propulsion systems. ESA missions such as Artemis, Smart-1, GOCE, Alphabus and Small-GEO, Bepi Colombo have paved the way for the use of electric propulsion in future ESA missions: Neosat, Electra, Mars Sample Return, LISA etc.
Pengembangan Tanaman Sayuran Organik di Pondok Pesantren Darul Amin Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Zubaidah Siti , Sustiyah  , Asie Kambang Vetrani
Published: March 2022

Pondok Pesantren di Kota Palangka Raya semakin hari semakin banyak peminatnya, karena pendidikan di pondok pesantren tidak kalah kualitasnya dibandingkan pendidikan di luar pondok, salah satunya adalah Pondok Pesantren Darul Amin. Kemandirian pondok pesantren dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambah keterampilan santri melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah maupun dengan perguruan tinggi melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Tujuan kegiatan adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan santri dalam melakukan budidaya sayuran secara organik, pembuatan pupuk organik dan pestisida organik. Metode yang digunakan dalam program ini adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan, pembuatan demplot budidaya sayuran secara organik. Kegiatan diikuti 20 orang santri dan ustadz sebagai kader. Materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan meliputi: Pembuatan Pupuk Organik, Pembuatan Pestisida Organik dan Budidaya Sayuran Secara Organik. Bahan yang digunakan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik adalah gulma air kayambang (Salvinia molesta), gula merah, dedak, serbuk gergaji, pupuk kandang ayam dan EM4. Bahan untuk pembuatan pestisida organik adalah gulma darat babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides), gula merah, EM4. Budidaya sayuran secara organik terdiri dari sayuran tomat, terong, kangkung, bayam dan sawi. Hasil kegiatan ini, santri trampil membuat pupuk organik bokashi kayambang dan pestisida organik secara mandiri. Pupuk organik yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk pupuk dasar budidaya tanaman sayuran dengan dosis 5 ton/ ha, ditambah pupuk kandang ayam 20 ton/ha. Pestisida yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk pemeliharaan tanaman terhadap serangan hama sayuran. Hasil panen bayam, kangkung, tomat dan terong cukup bagus, untuk dikonsumsi di kalangan pesantren itu sendiri
Pendampingan Pemasaran Usaha Pedagang Kaki Lima Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Harinie Luluk Tri , Setiawan Wahyu Edy , Aldila P. A  , Haleary
Published: March 2022

Tujuan kegiatan PKM adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan dari aspek pemasaran usaha melalui pendekatan kebersamaan dengan Peraturan Daerah Kalteng di Kota Palangka Raya demi mempertahankan dan meningkatkan usaha selama masa pandemi yang diakibatkan oleh Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Kegiatan PKM dilaksanakan dengan berkunjung secara langsung kepada 20 pedagang kaki lima (PKL)  sebagai mitra PKM yang berlokasi sekitar jalan Pinus dan jalan Karet Kelurahan Panarung Kota Palangka Raya baik saat siang hari, sore hari, ataupun malam hari untuk kegiatan koordinasi, sosialisasi, pendampingan dan diskusi, dan monitoring evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan PKM munculnya pemahaman dan kesadaran dari para PKL untuk melaksanakan secara sukarela dari Peraturan Daerah Kalteng yang berkaitan dengan pandemi yang diakibatkan oleh Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), terutama penerapan disiplin dan penegakan hukum Protokol Kesehatan.
Prevalence and Serotypes diversity of Salmonella Species in the Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of the Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors: Ally Mohamed Hamed Sango
Published: March 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and plasmids profiles of Salmonella spp. in Nile perch of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in water and fish samples were investigated by the bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. A total of 324 samples were analysed including Nile perch, water and swabs from surfaces of facilities used for fish transport. The finding showed the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fish at fishing ground were 16/60 (26.7%), landing sites and markets were 9/60 (15%) and 18/60 (30%) respectively. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fish from fishing ground and those at landing sites, but not with those from markets (p>0.05). The main serotypes recovered were Salmonella ser. Waycross (41: z4z23 :-) and Salmonella enterica ssp. salamae (42: r :-). Most Salmonella serotypes showed the low resistance profiles against most of antimicrobials, but few isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid 3/64 (4.7%), ampicillin 5/64 (7.8%), azithromycin 14/64 (21.9%) and sulfamethoxazole 22/64 (34.4%). Plasmids were detected in few Salmonella ser. Waycross compared to none of Salmonella ssp. salamae. Escherichia coli count ranged 0.77 to 2.44 log10 cfu/g in fish and 0.44 to 1.71 log10 cfu/ml in water. Contaminated fish with different Salmonella serovars imply pollution of the lake attributable to waste from point and nonpoint sources that may contain antibiotic residues accounting for resistant bacteria in aquatic environment. Un-hygienic fish handling and poor conditions of markets account for the high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Nile perch at markets.
El papel del estilo en la argumentación jurídica
Authors: Aránguez Sánchez Tasia
Published: March 2022

El estilo forma parte del corazón de la argumentación, pues en los recursos estilísticos hay relaciones conceptuales de semejanza, diferencia y proporción. Dichas relaciones forman parte de la estructura de los argumentos. Además de reivindicar la centralidad retórica del estilo, este artículo aborda las cuestiones del estilo de las leyes, del estilo judicial y del estilo de la abogacía. En lo concerniente a este último tema se expone la clásica teoría de los tres estilos, que hace referencia a tres tipos de orador: vehemente, sencillo y moderado. El presente trabajo recupera nociones de la retórica clásica que pueden ser de mucho interés para las profesiones jurídicas de hoy.
Vulnerabilidad y solidaridad
Authors: Monereo Atienza Cristina
Published: March 2022

La materialización de la noción abstracta de dignidad humana requiere incorporar al discurso conceptos nuevos y emergentes que, en ocasiones retomando tesis pasadas, favorezcan a la reformulación conjunta de los valores liberales ilustrados de dignidad. El objetivo es equilibrar la dimensión individual y social. En concreto, en este trabajo, se sugiere que para poder reconducir un diálogo interno y social sobre uno de esos valores, el de la solidaridad, se precisa reconocer las diversas situaciones de vulnerabilidad humana. De esta manera, se propone que no hay solidaridad sin el reconocimiento de la vulnerabilidad humana. La vulnerabilidad humana ha emergido como un concepto clave en el discurso filosófico jurídico en relación a la autonomía y la igualdad. Este trabajo conecta vulnerabilidad y solidaridad, ya que la vulnerabilidad acentúa la idea del «nosotros» y la articulación de políticas públicas de solidaridad. En esta línea es fundamental incidir en que la vulnerabilidad no es opuesta a la autonomía. Tampoco debe confundirse o sustituirse por el valor de igualdad. En general, esta noción es muy interesante, como complemento del discurso de los valores yderechos, aunque no como suplente de aquel. Es especialmente atrayente por su conexión con la solidaridad.
Erie, Mathew S. "China and Islam: The Prophet, the Party, and Law". Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 447 pp.
Authors: Gutiérrez Beñat
Published: March 2022

China and Islam: The Prophet, the Party, and Law, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 447 pp.
La (a)simetría de género en el concepto de violencia
Authors: Merino Sancho Víctor M.
Published: March 2022

La discusión acerca de la simetría o asimetría de género en la comisión de la violencia doméstica surgida tras ciertos estudios criminológicos parecía no ser relevante en el ordenamiento jurídico español, en el que se opta por una definición de la violencia que tiene en cuenta el género. Por otra parte, en el Convenio de Estambul se equiparan las razones de género a la afectación desproporcionada contra las mujeres, criterio cuantitativo que recuerda al paradigma de la simetría. En este trabajo se analizan los trabajos preparatorios del Convenio de Estambul a efectos de poner de manifiesto que su marco conceptual parece asumir dicho paradigma, para sopesar si, conscientes de la conveniencia de ampliar la consideración de violencia a otros actos, se debe rechazar esta equiparación en una conveniente reforma de la ley española.
III Coloquio entre civilistas y filósofos del derecho
Authors: Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz Joaquín
Published: March 2022

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氣候變遷對棲蘭雲霧森林地表通量特性的影響
Authors: 楊子瑩 楊子瑩 , Tzu-Ying Yang 羅敏輝 , Min-Hui Lo 鄭兆尊
Published: March 2022

雲霧森林是經常性受到雲霧籠罩所影響的森林生態系。雲霧對於當地有調節水分與能量的作用，是維持該生態系平衡的重要因子。過去研究指出，大量樹冠水在早晨受太陽加熱蒸發，造成潛熱通量的峰值提前而有利於當地雲霧生成。但在氣候變遷下，降水、溫度、濕度及二氧化碳濃度的改變可能影響樹冠水的累積，進而改變地表通量和雲霧生成。本研究利用NCAR地表過程模式，搭配棲蘭雲霧森林及蓮華池森林的大氣觀測資料，以及TCCIP模式的未來氣候推估資料，討論氣候變遷影響雲霧森林樹冠水及地表通量的機制。結果顯示未來增強的降水強度將不利於樹冠水累積，但大氣增溫造成的水氣量增加卻有助於夜間露水凝結，使氣候變遷下平均的樹冠水量增加。二氧化碳濃度的增加對樹冠水量沒有明顯影響，但會提升光合作用效率並造成氣孔縮小而使蒸散量降低。

暖化下增加的樹冠水，提升了雲霧森林在早晨的潛熱通量，但全天平均的潛熱通量則因降水截留的減少而下降，然而其中氣溫提升所造成的潛熱通量增加仍扮演緩解降水強度變強對雲霧森林衝擊的角色。植被透過蒸散作用調節其表面溫度，是暖化下有利夜間露水凝結的重要因素，而在二氧化碳提升下所增加的光合作用速率亦能調節當地二氧化碳濃度的變化，顯示雲霧森林中植被在氣候變遷下的重要性。

雲霧森林中的地表通量在氣候變遷下的改變也會同時透過陸地與大氣間的交互作用而影響到當地的大氣穩定度與邊界層發展等，因此未來將利用大氣與陸地耦合模式並考慮雲霧與山谷風環流在雲霧森林中的關係，進一步討論未來氣候變遷下雲霧森林內的水與能量循環的變化。

 

Cloud-fog forest is known as a forest ecosystem governed by frequent fog immersion. Fog plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem’s equilibrium in montane cloud forests, where a large amount of canopy water evaporates in the morning, being a critical factor for fog formation. Recent studies found that precipitation, temperature, humidity changes, and elevated CO2 concentration under climate change may affect the canopy water amount and surface fluxes in cloud forests, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We explore the changes in surface flux characteristics in the Chi-Lan montane cloud forest under climate change by using the NCAR Community Land Model, in-situ observation from Chi-Lan cloud forest and Lien-Hua-Chih forest, and future climate scenarios from TCCIP modelling outputs. Results show that the future intensified rainfall is unfavorable for canopy water accumulation, while more water vapor under future warming leads to more nighttime condensation on leaves. Elevated CO2 concentration does not greatly impact canopy water amount, but the photosynthesis efficiency is enhanced and the transpiration is suppressed under higher CO2 concentration.

The combining results show overall increased canopy water under various climate changes. It promotes strong canopy evaporation when sun rises, but the total daytime evaporation still decreases due to the decreased intercepted rainfall. The response of canopy water and surface fluxes under rising temperature mitigates the impact of higher precipitation intensity on cloud forests. The regulating factor of vegetation temperature plays a critical role in the increasing canopy water under a warming climate. The increased photosynthesis under elevated CO2 weakens the local change of CO2 concentration, implying the importance of vegetation in forests under climate change. The atmosphere can interact with the land surface through the adjusted surface fluxes under climate change. Therefore, future work may require coupled land and atmosphere model simulations and considering changes of fog and local circulations in the future scenario to explore the impact of climate change on cloud forests.

 
Evolution of Enactive Transhuman Beings: Moderate Transhumanism in Conservation of Adaptation
Authors: Günthner Stefan Lorenz
Published: March 2022

This article is intended to offer constructive criticism of the transhumanist imperative of advancing the creation of living beings beyond the human. For this purpose, the conditions of possibility for the emergence and long-term survival of transhuman beings will be identified and examined, particularly within the framework of an enactive understanding of evolution according to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and others. Transhuman beings, that is, technically corrected and upgraded entities, have their origin in human individuals whose essential characteristics I consider to be (1) their participation in life and their performance of life and (2) their sense-making cognitive activity—both describable by the autopoietic idea of Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela. I demonstrate that transhuman beings, which are assumed to share these features with humans and which I therefore describe by the term enactive, can only develop and stay alive if mutual adaptation between them and their environment is maintained. To achieve adaptation, enactive transhuman beings must exhibit the ability to adapt on their own—making adaptedness and adaptability conditions of possibility for the emergence and long-term survival of enactive transhuman beings. From this perspective, optimizing and therapeutic interventions into so-called human nature, which has always possessed a technical–cultural side, are an expression of human adaptability and enable new adaptive equilibria between transhuman being and environment on a phylogenetic level. Therefore, I advocate a moderate transhumanism that seeks to preserve this mutual adaptedness while expanding the (trans)human capacity for adaptation.