bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Belgium from nineteenth century to today
Authors: Eggerickx Thierry , Sanderson Jean-Paul , Vandeschrick Christophe
Published: May 2020

Résumé

Cet article dresse une synthèse de l’évolution de la mortalité en Belgique du 19ème siècle à nos jours en mettant l’accent sur les inégalités socio-démographiques et spatiales. Il se base sur une revue de la littérature et exploite les données de la Human Mortality Database (HMD) pour les analyses consacrées à l’évolution de la mortalité selon l’âge et le sexe depuis le début du 19ème siècle. L’appariement des données du Registre national, des recensements de la population et des bulletins de décès de l’état-civil est mobilisé pour les analyses plus récentes (1991-2015). En Belgique, la durée moyenne de vie dépasse aujourd’hui 80 ans, soit deux fois plus qu’il y a 170 ans. Mais, comme dans d’autres pays occidentaux, des inégalités subsistent et parfois même se renforcent. Ainsi, les inégalités entre groupes sociaux face à la mort sont importantes et elles se sont accentuées depuis le début des années 1990, au moins. Ces différences sociales s’observent pour toutes les causes de décès et à tous les âges, chez les femmes comme chez les hommes. Les disparités spatiales de mortalité, à l’échelle des régions, des arrondissements et des milieux de résidence se sont également accrues depuis au moins un quart de siècle. De plus, à même groupe social, les disparités spatiales de mortalité persistent. Cela signifie que des facteurs environnementaux, culturels, comportementaux agissent de la même manière sur la mortalité pour chacun des groupes sociaux.

Abstract

This article offers an overview of shifts in mortality in Belgium from the nineteenth century to the present, particularly in terms of sociodemographic and spatial disparities. It analyzes these shifts in mortality according to age and sex since the early nineteenth century, drawing from a review of the literature and using data from the Human Mortality Database (HMD). For the more recent analyses (1991-2015), data from the National Register, population censuses and official death records were matched up. In Belgium, the average life expectancy is now 80 years, twice as long as 170 years ago. As in other Western countries, however, disparities persist and sometimes even widen. There are thus major inequalities between social groups in regards to death, and these have been worsening since at least the early 1990s. These inequalities are apparent for each cause of death and ages at death, for women and for men. Spatial inequalities in mortality by region, district and residential area have also widened over at least the past quarter century. Even within similar social groups there are spatial disparities in mortality, indicating that environmental, cultural and behavioural factors affect mortality in the same way for each social group.
Cistinuria: sedimento de orina como herramienta diagnóstica
Authors: Pierna María , Abdelgabar Mohamed , Fernández-Rivas Raquel , Fernández-Burriel Miguel
Published: May 2020

Objetivos

Demostrar la importancia de la realización del estudio del sedimento urinario con la correcta interpretación y tipificación de los cristales como herramienta diagnóstica en el laboratorio clínico, así como de la elaboración de protocolos que determinen la necesidad de realizar este tipo de exámenes microscópicos de sedimento urinario de forma rutinaria.

Caso clínico

Se trata de un paciente varón de edad avanzada sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de interés. Se presenta con dolor fijo y sin irradiar de tres días de duración en fosa iliaca izquierda, siendo la primera que vez que padece episodios de dolor de este tipo. El sistemático de orina revela proteinuria, hematuria y el sedimento muestra abundantes cristales hexagonales y planos, típicos de cistina. El análisis de aminoácidos confirma el hallazgo encontrándose concentraciones elevadas de aminoácidos aminoácidos dibásicos y de cistina.

Conclusiónes

El estudio del sedimento urinario por parte del laboratorio clínico pone de manifiesto la presencia de un caso de cistinuria por la aparición en él de cristales patognomónicos de dicha patología en una edad avanzada y sin antecedentes previos. Este caso clínico tiene especial interés al demostrar la importancia del sedimento urinario como herramienta diagnóstica en la evaluación de una enfermedad genética, que se pone de manifiesto como un simple cólico nefrítico.
Influence of study model, baseline catalytic concentrations and analytical system on the stability of serum alanine aminotransferase
Authors: Bauça Josep Miquel , Caballero Andrea , Gómez Carolina , Martínez-Espartosa Débora , García del Pino Isabel , Puente Juan José , Llopis Maria Antonia , Marzana Itziar , Segovia Marta , Ibarz Mercedes , Ventura Montserrat , Salas Paloma , Gómez-Rioja Rubén
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The stability of the analytes most commonly used in routine clinical practice has been the subject of intensive research, with varying and even conflicting results. Such is the case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of serum ALT according to different variables.

Methods

A multicentric study was conducted in eight laboratories using serum samples with known initial catalytic concentrations of ALT within four different ranges, namely: <50 U/L (<0.83 μkat/L), 50–200 U/L (0.83–3.33 μkat/L), 200–400 U/L (3.33–6.67 μkat/L) and >400 U/L (>6.67 μkat/L). Samples were stored for seven days at two different temperatures using four experimental models and four laboratory analytical platforms. The respective stability equations were calculated by linear regression. A multivariate model was used to assess the influence of different variables.

Results

Catalytic concentrations of ALT decreased gradually over time. Temperature (−4%/day at room temperature vs. −1%/day under refrigeration) and the analytical platform had a significant impact, with Architect (Abbott) showing the greatest instability. Initial catalytic concentrations of ALT only had a slight impact on stability, whereas the experimental model had no impact at all.

Conclusions

The constant decrease in serum ALT is reduced when refrigerated. Scarcely studied variables were found to have a significant impact on ALT stability. This observation, added to a considerable inter-individual variability, makes larger studies necessary for the definition of stability equations.
A variant of the gene HARS detected in the clinical exome: etiology of a peripheral neuropathy undiagnosed for 20 years
Authors: Lahoz Alonso Raquel , Sienes Bailo Paula , Capablo Liesa Jose Luis , Álvarez de Andrés Sara , Bancalero Flores Jose Luis , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Describe a case with axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 2W, a neurological disease characterized by peripheral neuropathy typically involving the lower limbs and causing gait alterations and distal sensory-motor impairment.

Case presentation

We report this case, where the application of massive genetic sequencing (NGS) with clinical exome in a molecular genetics laboratory enabled to detect the presence of candidate variants of the clinic of the patient.

Conclusions

The variant detected in HARS gene suggests that this variant could be causative of the symptoms of the patient, who went undiagnosed for 20 years and experienced an exacerbation of symptoms over time.
Preparation of magnetite-silica–cetyltrimethylammonium for phenol removal based on adsolubilization
Authors: Azmiyawati Choiril , Sawitri Endang , Siahaan Parsaoran , Darmawan Adi , Suyati Linda
Published: May 2020

In this study, we successfully coated cetyltrimethylammonium–silica on
magnetite. The material produced is used to degrade phenol waste in the waters. The
effect of the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the ability of
phenol adsorption was assessed through changes in CTAB concentration of 1, 5, and
10 mM. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy explain that
CTAB has electrostatic interactions with the silica surface, which is induced by
opposite-loaded patches on the opposite surface of silica oxide. The results of the
vibrating sample magnetometer show that the magnetite that has been coated by
silica–CTA has magnetic properties that are weaker than the initial magnetite,
which indicates that the silica–CTA layer has blocked the magnetite. Based on
the measurement of the gas sorption analyzer, the largest pore size is in the
micro-mesh region, which is between 2 and 6 nm. All
magnetite-silica–cetyltrimethylammonium (MS–CTA) showed good adsorption
ability of phenol and correlated with the amount of loaded CTAB and admicelle density
of the adsorbent. The amount of phenol adsorbed increases proportionately with the
increasing density of CTAB admicelles. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity
(0.93 mg g−1 adsorbent) is achieved by
MS–CTA prepared at a CTAB concentration of 10 mM.
Tool for Simulating Branch and Bound Computations
Authors: Ignatov Andrei , Gorchakov Andrei
Published: May 2020

The paper describes a simulator of parallel Branch and Bound (BnB) method. Several subdomain trees for benchmark functions are analyzed, a characteristic Gaussian-like distribution is discovered. An algorithm of artificial tree generation is formulated according to this criterion. The process of simulator modeling is described, several computational experiments are conducted. Their results show a hyperbolic decrease trend for modeled time as the number of computational units grows, which is concluded to be similar to real systems.
Equivalence of the existence of best proximity points and best proximity pairs for cyclic and noncyclic nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa , Künzi Hans-Peter A.
Published: May 2020

In this study, at first we prove that the existence of best proximity points for
cyclic nonexpansive mappings is equivalent to the existence of best proximity pairs
for noncyclic nonexpansive mappings in the setting of strictly convex Banach spaces
by using the projection operator. In this way, we conclude that the main result of
the paper [Proximal normal structure and nonexpansive mappings,
Studia Math. 171 (2005), 283–293] immediately follows. We then
discuss the convergence of best proximity pairs for noncyclic contractions by
applying the convergence of iterative sequences for cyclic contractions and show that
the convergence method of a recent paper [Convergence of Picard's iteration
using projection algorithm for noncyclic contractions, Indag. Math.
30 (2019), no. 1, 227–239] is obtained exactly from
Picard’s iteration sequence.
Empirismo, conocimiento previo e inducción en Aristóteles, an. post. A 1
Authors: Mié Fabián
Published: May 2020

I reconstruct Aristotle's epistemology and scientific methodology avoiding some problems which, in my opinion, are attributed to them from inadequate interpretations in terms of foundationalism or coherentism. On the contrary, I credit Aristotle with a hybrid concept of empiricism in which our knowledge is made possible through the integration of two different but cooperative factors: observations and beliefs. By clarifying the implications of Aristotle's concept of experience and the basis for the elaboration of scientific knowledge, I try to give an alternative account of Aristotle's vindication of a positive use of dialectic in science, as well as to show that an integration between dialectical examination of beliefs and scientific analysis of facts is possible and it also gives a plausible methodological image of Aristotle's theory. According to my proposal, some opinions play a conceptual role in the empirical basis of knowledge. But, for Aristotle, this does not amount to any more than a kind of knowledge of the facts, not being equivalent to a scientific knowledge of the causes. Finally, I try to show that within this complex epistemological framework Aristotle's use of induction could also be given an adequate explanation.
Ancora su Timasagora epicureo
Authors: Verde Francesco
Published: May 2020

The present contribution focuses on two testimonia regarding Timasagoras, who is generally regarded as an Epicurean dissident: Cicero, acad. ii 25, 80 and Aet. iv 13, 6, p. 403, 22 Diels. The two passages are remarkably different and the evidence from Cicero is far more complex. The context of the passage suggests that Cicero considers Timasagoras as an ``orthodox'' Epicurean. In order to shed light on Timasagoras' philosophical stance, it is necessary to examine briefly the notion of "Epicurean dissidence''. Timasagoras' position within the Epicurean tradition emerges as intrinsically ambiguous and problematic.
Self-motion according to Iamblichus
Authors: Opsomer Jan
Published: May 2020

Iamblichus' theory of self-motion has to be pieced together from various texts and passing remarks. Ever since Aristotle's critique, Plato's concept of the self-motive soul was felt to be problematic. Taking his lead from Plotinus, Iamblichus counters Aristotle's criticism by claiming that true self-motion transcends the opposition between activity and passivity. He moreover argues that it does not involve motion that is spatially extended. Hence it is non-physical. Primary self-motion is the reversion of the soul to itself, by which the soul constitutes itself, i.e. imparts life to itself. This motion is located at the level of essence or substance. The bestowal of life upon the body derives from this fundamental motion. As a result, animals are derivatively self-motive. Secondary self-motions are acts of thought in the broad sense. Contrary to the unmoved motion of intellect, the self-motion of the soul is not beyond time. This somehow fits Iamblichus' theory of the "changing self''. Iamblichus anticipates much of the later Platonic accounts of self-motion.
The Paradox of Change in Plato's Theaetetus. Part I. An Emendation of the Text (155b1-2) and the Origin of Error
Authors: O'Brien Denis
Published: May 2020

The text of Theaetetus 155b1-2 as recorded in the manuscripts and printed in current editions of the dialogue is marked by a syntactical anomaly (ἀλλά postpositum) and a logical non sequitur (arbitrary transition from a copulative to an existential use of εἷναι and vice versa). Attempts at emendation by Proclus, Stephanus and Campbell have all been unsuccessful. To find the way back to Plato's original text, the reader will have to fight his way through a logical tangle (the result of a double negation) and abandon the modish, but erroneous, belief that there is no difference in ancient Greek between ``complete'' and ``incomplete'' uses of εἷναι.
La prescrizione nell'etica stoica. Un riesame
Authors: Alesse Francesca
Published: May 2020

The article aims at clarifying the Stoic theory of ``prescription'', more specifically, the Stoic reflection about the method to formulate rules and directions for moral conduct. First, the possibility to provide particular precepts is considered in the frame of some major doctrines such as the equivalence between moral end and conformity to nature, the theory of the ``indifferents'', the partition of actions into katorthomata and kathekonta. Accordingly, both internal Stoic debate on the real value of particular precepts, and Hermagoras' classification of zetemata, are considered in order to bring up the impact of early Stoic prescriptive theory on late Hellenistic ethics. Special attention is paid to Seneca's evidence from Epistles 94 and 95 - in their relation to Hermagoras' teachings -, and Plutarch's text from De Stoic. rep., ch. 11, with regard to Chrysippus' theory of prescription.
L'apostasia del molteplice nel trattato Sui numeri di Plotino
Authors: Maggi Claudia
Published: May 2020

The Treatise On Numbers develops a typical Plotinian inquiry about oneness and intelligible plurality, in which the analysis is based on the problem of the infinite inside the intelligible realm, as it seems to be presented in the socalled generation of numbers in Plato's Parmenides, where numbers are linked to Being, identified by Plotinus with the hypostasis of Intellect, and produce a process of unlimited division. In order to avoid this interpretation, Plotinus finds in other Plato's dialogues the proof that number is an eidetic nature, encompassing all the intelligible entities, so that the infinite has to be interpreted as what is produced by calculus. Other arguments are rather depending on the model of the Old Academy, concerning the relationship between forms and numbers: Plotinus wonders if numbers come ontologically before forms and indeed he states right this position. Other aspects of Plotinus' investigation, which can be traced back to the Old Academy, are the distinction between two kinds of numbers and the doctrine of the unified number. This model of number, quite ambiguous, may be identified with the indefinite dyad, even though the former has to be conceived, differently from that of Old Academy, within a mono-polar framework, according to which the sole principle is the One.
The Paradox of Change in Plato's Theaetetus. Part II. Intricacies of Syntax and Meaning (154e7-155c7)
Authors: O'Brien Denis
Published: May 2020

Plato's paradox of relative change in size and number (154e7-155c7) cannot be understood unless the text is emended (see Part i of this article) and unless full weight is given to shifts of mood and tense and to the play of particles. The critical reader will also need to adapt to a non-Fregean concept of equality and to a definition of change different from Geach's definition of "Cambridge change''. Only so will the structure of the paradox explain young Theaetetus' bewilderment, while also showing that the author of the dialogue was not himself a victim of the paradox he has created.
Giuliano e il medioplatonismo: il caso di Plutarco
Authors: De Vita Maria Carmen
Published: May 2020

This article aims to show that Julian the Emperor had some knowledge of Middle Platonic doctrines. More specifically, the discussion focuses on the case of Plutarch of Chaeronea.We can find interesting parallels between the works of this philosopher and the Orations of Julian, especially concerning the allegorical exegesis of myths, the crucial metaphysical role played by Apollo-Helios and the doctrine of the soul. It is worth considering the possibility that Plutarch's works partially inspired Julian's concept of Hellenism.
Sobre el pensiamento y la expresión de la experiencia sensoperceptual en Platon, Philebus 38b-39d
Authors: Mombello Eduardo H.
Published: May 2020

In this essay I defend a reconstruction of the epistemological theory that, in a metaphorical way, Plato develops in Philebus 38b-39d. This theory explains how the human beings are capable of considering the experience’s facts. At the core of this theory, the soul is the intermediate point of a general process that allows to emit a statement related to objects of the world. So this theory also registers as a part of the history of the philosophical contemporary semantics. I will argue that three analytically separable stages are distinguished in connection with this operational mediation of the soul. At the first stage, the human soul gets blindly the formal characters of those facts by means of a composite pathema, which corresponds to a hexis of doxazein (form an opinion) and produces a fundamental doxa-logos. The second stage is the moment of the doctrine that explains the reason why we are conscious of what we have grasped in the analytical previous level. At the third stage, one may emit the utterances of those facts. Every stage corresponds to a concept of doxa-logos which have different characteristics, and it is opportune that they are distinguished in the comprehension of that theory. I argue for this reading against a number of alternatives.
Sextus Empiricus: les effets politiques de la suspension du jugement
Authors: Marchand Stéphane
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to examine the political implications of Sextus Empiricus’ neo-Pyrrhonism by considering two fundamental texts (PH I23-24; AM XI 162- 165). Both texts are usually interpreted as endorsing political conformism insofar as Sextus allegedly claims that one should follow the laws and customs of one’s community. But it seems possible to interpret the reference to laws and customs merely as a description of what humans in fact do. What Sextus would therefore recommend is to abandon any theoretical approach to politics in favor of a pragmatic one.
Partecipazione, mescolanza, separazione: Platone e l’immanentismo
Authors: Forcignanò Filippo
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses Aristotle’s statement (Metaph. A 9.991a8-9) that both Anaxagoras and Eudoxus claimed that things are the result of a mixture of original elements, in relation to Plato’s metaphysics. Eudoxus used this immanentistic thesis to remodel one central component of Plato’s Theory of Form, that is the “participation”. The first part of the paper analyzes some Anaxagorean aspects in Plato’s metaphysics, showing that Plato shares with Anaxagoras the “Transmission Theory of Causality” (as called by Dancy), but he refuses its immanentistic version. The second part interprets Hipp. ma. 301b2-301c2 as a refusal of a immanentistic interpretation of verbs like προσγίγνομαι and κοσμεîται. It is also rejected Morgan’s thesis according to which Hippias supports an aware mereological metaphysical theory. The third part contests that Phaed. 100-106 is a defense of an immanentistic metaphysics abandoned by Plato in his later works. The meaning of the expression τὸ έν ήμȋν does not include a mereological approach to the causality. In Plato’s metaphysics there is no strong contradiction between transcendence and immanence. The fourth part shows that the Parmenides refuses any immanentistic version of the relationship between Forms and things. Lastly, I will argue that from a Platonic point of view the only acceptable version is the separated interpretation of Transmission Theory of Causality.
Die Ursprünge des spätantiken philosophischen Curriculums im kaiserzeitlichen Aristotelismus
Authors: Perkams Matthias
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the first known evidence of the so called “late ancient philosophical curriculum” ethics, physics, theology, by demonstrating that this division of philosophy can be found already in the introduction of Aspasios’s commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. It is argued that this text can be dated roundabout 70 years earlier than the earliest reliable testimony hitherto known in Clemens Alexandrinus. Furthermore, the paper presents some neglected evidence for this curriculum from different works of Alexander of Aphrodisias. Based upon those texts and a new analysis of some already well-known passages, it proposes to regard the scheme ethics, physics, theology as an originally Aristotelian model, which has been later taken over by Platonists. This does not rule out the possibility that Platonic ideas have been influenced the scheme at a very early date.
Epicurus’ “Kinetic” and “Katastematic” Pleasures. A Reappraisal
Authors: Liebersohn Yosef Z.
Published: May 2020

In this paper I shall offer new definitions for what seem to be the most dominant terms in Epicurus’ theory of pleasures - “kinetic” and “katastematic”. While most of the scholarly literature treats these terms as entirely concerned with states of motion and states of stability, I shall argue that the distinction concerns whether pain is or is not removed by this or that pleasure. As the removal of pain is a necessary condition for the Epicurean goal of ataraxia and aponia, “katastematic” pleasure, having to do with the removal of pain, is the necessary pleasure pertaining both to the process of removing pain and to its result, namely the absence of pain, while “kinetic” pleasure is an unnecessary pleasure having nothing to do with the removal of pain, e.g. it starts after pain has been removed. If my analysis and interpretation prove correct, the two conventional classifications - “kinetic-katastematic” and “necessary-unnecessary” - turn out to be referring to the same phenomenon and are aspects of one classification. Moreover, this new interpretation resolves some of the main problems arising from our testimonia concerning “kinetic” and “katastematic” pleasures.
Verità e opinione in Platone. Una nuova edizione della Doxa di Yvon Lafrance
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I discuss the new edition of Y. Lafrance’s La théorie platonicienne de la Doxa (first edition 1981), trying to examine the Author’s reconstruction and interpretation of Plato’s conception of δόξα in the dialogues.
Conflicts of Atomisms. Some Major Differences between Democritus and Colotes
Authors: Piergiacomi Enrico
Published: May 2020

The paper compares the thought of Democritus and that of Colotes. It is argued that the two thinkers diverge at least in three noteworthy respects: 1) they disagree about the nature of knowledge, for Democritus identifies it with a process which goes from raw (and untrustworthy) sensation to intellectual understanding, whereas Colotes affirms the truth of every sensation and its fundamental role in the use of reason; 2) they have contrary opinions on the practice of “pleasing”, since the former totally rejects this as a damaging form of obsequiousness, while the latter allows a form of pleasing which is good, i.e. which can lead to pleasure and security; 3) they describe death differently, for Democritus affirms that it consists in the loss of most of the soul atoms (which also allows, to a certain degree, the phenomenon of the “return to life”), whereas Colotes may have followed Epicurus in depicting death as the complete loss of soul particles. Such an investigation suggests, on both historical and philosophical grounds, that Democritus and Colotes did not embrace the same kind of atomism, but two atomisms, which start from different premises and pursue different goals.
Platonic and Stoic Dialectic in Philo
Authors: Filler Elad
Published: May 2020

In this paper, dealing with Platonic and Stoic dialectic in Philo, I wish to make a proposal that may offer some solution to the problem of the surprising absence of a proper use of the dialectic of the late Platonic dialogues in Philo’s works. Philonic scholars have not, to the best of my knowledge, raised this question; but Philo’s very rare allusions to Plato’s later dialogues were noted in David T. Runia’s comprehensive study on Philo and Plato’s Timaeus.
Unterwelt und Purgatorium
Authors: Hübner Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

In this thesis the different notions of Hades that appear in the heterogeneous works of gre co-roman literature are in quired and interpreted with enormous scrutiny. The philosophical texts are written mostly by Plato and the Platonists (in particular Heraclides Ponticus, Plutarchus, and Proclus). They have to be compared with Christian ideas of purgatory originating in the early Middle Ages. Eschatology must be explained not only with regard to the cosmologies, that change during the centuries, but also on a solid base of astronomical and astrological knowledge.
Small Stories, Local Places: A Place-Oriented Approach to Rural Crises
Authors: Edwards Gemma
Published: May 2020

Since the British EU Referendum in 2016, there has been an ongoing media narrative of division: Remain voters against Leave voters, experts against ordinary people, the capital rich against the capital poor, and metropolitan centres against regional peripheries. This article explores the way in which theatre might offer a response to the perceived failure in understanding between these entrenched positions, using the lens of place. Making an argument for an ideological and dramaturgical shift from questions of voice – which have so far dominated theatrical critical discourse in response to Brexit – to place, I explore the potential of this change in focus and scale in relation to Matt Hartley’s play Here I Belong (2016) which toured with Pentabus Theatre – a professional rural touring company from the Midlands – to rural communities across England in 2016 and 2018. It is through this contact with rural communities that I propose that theatre can make a critical intervention: telling smaller stories about local places offers a way to reconnect with such communities during this crisis of communication.
Multifunctional carriers for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Yaroslavov Alexander A. , Sybachin Andrey V.
Published: May 2020

In the review we describe a method for concentration of anionic liposomes with encapsulated water-soluble substances within a small volume via electrostatic liposome adsorption on the surface of polymer particles with grafted cationic chains (spherical polycationic brushes), or cationic microgel particles. Dozens of intact liposomes can be bound to each polymer particle, the resulting polymer/liposome complex does not dissociate into the original components in a physiological solution. This allows fabrication of multi-liposomal complexes (MLCs) with a required ratio of encapsulated substances. Two approaches are discussed for the synthesis of stimuli-sensitive MLCs. The first is to incorporate the conformation switch, morpholinocyclohexanol-based lipid, into the liposomal membrane thus forming pH-sensitive liposomes capable of releasing their cargo when acidifying the surrounding solution. These liposomes complexed with the brushes release encapsulated substances much faster than the uncomplexed liposomes. The second is to adsorb liposomes on cationic thermo-responsive microgels. The resulting MLCs contracts upon heating over a volume phase transition temperature from the swollen to the collapsed state of microgel, thus causing the adsorbed liposomes to change drastically their morphology and release an encapsulated substance. Complexation of anionic liposomes with chitosan microgels and polylactide micelles gives MLCs which degrade in the presence of enzymes down to small particles, 10–15 nm in diameter. A novel promising approach suggests that immobilized liposomes can act as a capacious depot for biologically active compounds and ensure their controllable leakage to surrounding solution.
Some aspects of the formation and structural features of low nuclearity heterometallic carboxylates
Authors: Sidorov Aleksey A. , Gogoleva Natalia V. , Bazhina Evgeniya S. , Nikolaevskii Stanislav A. , Shmelev Maksim A. , Zorina-Tikhonova Ekaterina N. , Starikov Andrey G. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: May 2020

Heterometallic carboxylate complexes are of paramount interest in pure and applied coordination chemistry. Despite that plurality of such type compounds have been published to date, synthetic aspects of their chemistry often remain in the shadow of intriguing physical properties manifesting by these species. Present review summarizes reliable data on direct synthesis of low nuclearity molecular compounds as well as coordination polymers on their base with carboxylate-bridged {M2Mg} (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+), {M2Li2} (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, VO2+), {M2Ln2} and {M2Ln} (M = Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+) metal cores. Structural features and stabilization factors are considered and principal outcomes are confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations. Particular attention is paid to consideration of ligand-exchange reactions that allow controllable modification of heterometallic metal core under mild conditions giving diverse molecular complexes with modified ligand environment or Metal-Organic Frameworks with permanent porosity.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPA TERPADU BERKARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN TEMA �KONSERVASI� BERPENDEKATAN SCIENCE-EDUTAINMENT
Authors: Taufiq M. , Dewi N. R. , Widiyatmoko A.
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran IPA terpadu berkarakter peduli lingkungan pada tema konservasi dengan pendekatan science-edutainment. Metode yang dipakai untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu melalui penelitian pengembangan (Development Research) yang diarahkan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran IPA terpadu berkarakter peduli lingkungan tema konservasi bagi siswa SMP, yang berupa puzzle, crossword maupun squareword berbasis TIK. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar IPA terpadu tema konservasi mengalami peningkatan. Secara keseluruhan peningkatan (gain) hasil belajar sebesar 0,85 yang artinya peningkatannya dengan kriteria tinggi. Rata-rata total skor indikator karakter peduli lingkungan adalah 93,75 yaitu telah menunjukkan kriteria membudaya (MK) dikalangan siswa.The aim of this research is to develop a character integrated science learning media on the theme of conservation with science edutainment approach. The method used to achieve the goal of development through Research and Development (R and D) is directed to develop media integrated science learning environment characterized by caring conservation theme for junior high school students, in the form of puzzles, crossword and ICT-based squareword. The results of this study indicate that the integrated science learning outcomes increased conservation theme. Overall of the improvement (gain) learning outcomes of 0.85, means increase with height criteria. The average total score of the indicator is 93.75 environmentally conscious characters that have shown entrenched criteria (MK) among students.
Research on computer using experience of primary school teachers in teaching of mathematics
Authors: Gesevičienė Vilma
Published: May 2020

The article deals with some questions of primary school teachers’ experience in using of informational and communicative technologies (ICT) and application of information technologies (IT) for practical development of schoolchildren’s mathematical abilities.
The properties of Green’s functions for one stationary problem with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Roman Svetlana , Štikonas Artūras
Published: May 2020

In this paper we research Green’s function properties for stationary problem with four-pointnonlocal boundary conditions. Dependence of these functions on values ξ and γ is investigated. Green’sfunctions graphs with various values ξ and γ are presented.
Adaptive assessment model in Moodle
Authors: Lieponienė Jurgita , Kulvietienė Regina
Published: May 2020

Article analyses an adaptive knowledge assessment. Referring to defined criteria the virtual learning environments such as Blackboard Learning System Vista, Workplace Collaboration Learning System and adaptability of testing system Moodle are evaluated. Is fully described a produced adaptive valued activity model in the virtual learning system Moodle that was created following the Bloom’s taxonomy levels and using one of virtual learning environment Moodle activities – a lesson activity.
A new method for proving irrationality
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: May 2020

A new school-elementary method is proposed for proving the irrationality of numbers e and π.
Statistic analysis of prof. J. Matulionis young mathematicians contest tasks
Authors: Zenkevičiūtė Irma , Dabrišienė Vilija
Published: May 2020

Herein authors disclose the results of prof. Jonas Matulionis young mathematicians contest task’s statistic analysis. Research sums 160 tasks (one task contains 5 exercises) from past nine years, solutions by more than 3 thousand students. This analysis is done by examining exercises suitability for the contest according to few criterions: difficulty, resolution, correlation coefficient with task. Also, exercises were divided into types (algorithmic exercise, half algorithmic exercise and heuristic exercise) and topic (textual exercise; equations, equation systems; inequalities,function features and graphs; elements of number theory; plane geometry; stereometry; arithmetical and algebraical transforms). Description statistic’s methods and cluster analysis was used to summarize material. The analysis exposes that exercises prepared for prof. Jonas Matulionis contest stand out with excellent or very good resolution, reasonable difficulty, relevant correlation coefficient with task. Cluster analysis results indicate that all types of exercises are alike with their correlation coefficient, similar with their difficulty. However, algebraically and arithmetical transform exercises types separates in their correlation coefficient with whole task, it is higher here.
Professor of mathematics Kazimieras Vytenis Kabaila (1929–1992) 80 years
Authors: Jasiūnas Henrikas , Verikaitė Vitolda
Published: May 2020

K.V. Kabaila life review. Bibliographical listing. Advisor of master and doctoral theses.
Teaching of differential and integral calculation basics in Lithuanian schools before the teaching reform in mathematics (in 1918– 1928)
Authors: Kastickaitė Joana , Banionis Juozas
Published: May 2020

The article discusses teaching of differential and integral calculation fundamentals before the reform in the teaching of mathematics (1918-1928) with reference to the textbook of Juozas Stoukus “Basics of Infinite Smallness Analysis”, contemporary curricula of higher schools and articles of mathematicians.
Mathematics methods problems in periodical in Lithuania between the two world wars
Authors: Ragalytė Birutė , Paukštienė Alma
Published: May 2020

The mathematics methods problems in periodical between the two world wars are introduced in article. The education fractions are analyzed. Problems in education solve equations, rate problems and arithmetic are described.
The mathematical model of computer keyboard
Authors: Juškevičienė Anita
Published: May 2020

A lot of countries have their own computer keyboards which are constructed allowed for some parameters and their language peculiarity.It is interesting to find out: is the keyboard effective?The main aim of this work is to create the mathematical model of computer keyboard which will help to measure the efficiency of different computer keyboard layouts without experiment using once counted letters rates and fingers quickness.
A research of mathematical model for diagnostical tests
Authors: Kosareva Natalja , Krylovas Aleksandras
Published: May 2020

The technology of creation dichotomous diagnostic operators as general testing tool using the empirical data is proposed. The only requirement to diagnostic operator – it must be nondecreasing function. Probability distribution of test result and test information are calculated according to the proposed technique.
Influence of choice of priority functions on the multi criteria ranking result
Authors: Podvezko Valentinas , Podviezko Askoldas
Published: May 2020

PROMETHEE method differs from other methods by its deeper logic. The main tool of the method is so-called priority functions. Choice of functions and their parameters is made by decision-makers. PROMETHEE method provides a choice between a large range of functions, thus allowing to perfectly match decision-maker’s opinion. This paper shows dependency of outranking result on the choice of priority functions.
Analysis of flow shop problems and their algorithms
Authors: Rajeckaitė Lina , Listopadskis Narimantas
Published: May 2020

The combinatorial optimization problem considered in this paper is flow shop scheduling problem arising in logistics, management, business, manufacture and etc. A set of machines and a set of jobs are given. Each job consists of a set of operations. Machines are working with unavailability intervals. The task is to minimize makespan, i.e. the overall length of the schedule. There is overview of combinatorial optimization, scheduling problems and methods used to solve them. There is also presented and realized one exact algorithm – Branch and Bound, and two meta-heuristics: Simulated Annealing and Tabu Search. Analysis of these three algorithms is made.
Estimation of a total for rotated sample design using auxiliary information
Authors: Chadyšas Viktoras
Published: May 2020

In this paper we focus on constructions of the total estimator for rotated sampling design. Successive sampling procedure using multi-phase sampling design have been developed. The composite ratio type estimator of the total using auxiliary  information and its approximate variance is constructed under simple random sampling design on each phase.
Efficient algorithm for testing goodness-of-fit for classification of high dimensional data
Authors: Jakimauskas Gintautas
Published: May 2020

Let us have a sample satisfying d-dimensional Gaussian mixture model (d is supposed to be large). The problem of classification of the sample is considered. Because of large dimension it is natural to project the sample to k-dimensional (k = 1,  2, . . .) linear subspaces using projection pursuit method which gives the best selection of these subspaces. Having an estimate of the discriminant subspace we can perform classification using projected sample thus avoiding ’curse of dimensionality’.  An essential step in this method is testing goodness-of-fit of the estimated d-dimensional model assuming that distribution on the complement space is standard Gaussian. We present a simple, data-driven and computationally efficient procedure for testing goodness-of-fit. The procedure is based on well-known interpretation of testing goodness-of-fit as the classification problem, a special sequential data partition procedure, randomization and resampling, elements of sequentialtesting.Monte-Carlosimulations are used to assess the performance of the procedure.
Analysis of Lithuanian aggregate consumption by means of dynamic programming
Authors: Jakaitienė Audronė , Žilinskas Antanas , Žilinskas Julius
Published: May 2020

In the paper, we model household consumption from the perspective of the modern representative agent-based approaches. Household chooses a stochastic consumption plan to maximise the expected value of their time-additive nonlinear utility function subject to asset budget constraint. We apply the dynamic programming for this multi-period problem using the Bellman equation. Beforehand we estimate the structural parameters of the given problem. We employ numerical methods to compute equilibrium. Finally we obtain that observed consumption was just below equilibrium in 2008.
Bimatrix game model for the selection of investment portfolio
Authors: Vakarinienė Sigutė , Misevičius Gintautas
Published: May 2020

This research suggests a Nash equilibria model for the selection of investment portfolios. The components of portfolio are found by solving linear programming task with binary variables. In the experimental part of the research ineffective portfolios exerted from this model are tested referring to the statistical data of the stock market indexes of several countries. Realizations of the suggested portfolios are compared to realizations of effective portfolios.
A recurrent algorithm for spectrum estimation
Authors: Kazlauskas Kazys , Kazlauskas Jaunius , Petreikytė Gintarė
Published: May 2020

A recurrent algorithm for spectrum estimation is proposed. The efficiency of the algorithm is investigated and results of computational experiments are given.
Problems of portal users behaviour specification
Authors: Lupeikienė Audronė , Čaplinskas Albertas , Dzemyda Gintautas
Published: May 2020

This paper is a position paper, so it presents not well-established scientific truths but remarks and notices on the phenomena and their generalisations. The paper asserts that current portal design practices are not sound, advocates for an explicit specification of the assumptions about the predicted users’ behaviour, and requires that a specification language to formulate such the assumptions should be based on the formalism of temporal logic of actions.
Compositional aspect-oriented design pattern properties
Authors: Vaira Žilvinas , Čaplinskas Albertas
Published: May 2020

In this publication we analyze traditional object-oriented design pattern aspectual compositions implemented in object-oriented framework. The main task is to look whether the design pattern compositions present concern duplications, and if they do then what causes it and how to avoid it.
Exact bounds for tail probabilities of martingales with bounded differences
Authors: Dzindzalieta Dainius
Published: May 2020

We consider random walks, say Wn = {0, M1, . . ., Mn} of length n starting at 0 and based on a martingale sequence Mk = X1 + ··· + Xk with differences Xm. Assuming |Xk| \leq 1 we solve the isoperimetric problem

Bn(x) = supP\{Wn visits an interval [x,∞)\},  (1)

where sup is taken over all possible Wn. We describe random walks which maximize the probability in (1). We also extend the results to super-martingales.For martingales our results can be interpreted as a maximalinequalitiesP\{max 1\leq k\leq n Mk   \geq x\} \leq Bn(x).The maximal inequality is optimal since the equality is achieved by martingales related to the maximizing random walks. To prove the result we introduce a general principle – maximal inequalities for (natural classes of) martingales are equivalent to (seemingly weaker) inequalities for tail probabilities, in our caseBn(x) = supP{Mn  \geq  x}.Our methods are similar in spirit to a method used in [1], where a solution of an isoperimetric problem (1), for integer x is provided and to the method used in [4], where the isoperimetric problem of type (1) for conditionally symmetric bounded martingales was solved for all x ∈ R.
On measure concentration in graph products
Authors: Šileikis Matas
Published: May 2020

Bollobás and Leader [1] showed that among the n-fold products of connected graphs of order k the one with minimal t-boundary is the grid graph. Given any product graph G and a set A of its vertices that contains at least half of V (G), the number of vertices at a distance at least t from A decays (as t grows) at a rate dominated by P(X1 + . . . + Xn  \geq   t) where Xi are some simple i.i.d. random variables. Bollobás and Leader used the moment generating function to get an exponentialbound for this probability. We insert a missing factor in the estimate by using a somewhat more subtle technique (cf. [3]).
Asymptotic expansions of probability distributions
Authors: Bikelis Algimantas , Padvelskis Kazimieras
Published: May 2020

Asymtotic expansionsfor the probabilitydistributionsof sums of independentrandom variables are studied in this paper.
Comparative Basic-Words of Standard Arabic Palestinian and Tunisian
Authors: Suparno Darsita , Iroth Santje Inneke , Chairul Syifa Fauzia , Azwar Muhammad
Published: May 2020

This paper studies comparative linguistics on the process of word-formation that occurs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), Palestinian Arabic (PLS), and Tunisian Arabic (TNS). It is addressed to portray the process of the verb, adjective, and noun formation in three Arabic languages by using Plag’s theory and to identify sameness and contrariness of basic words by using Hock’s theory. This study used 220 of Morris Swadesh's basic vocabulary as the main guidelines for obtaining data. The criteria were adopted to analyze the data were orthographic, sound-change, phonological and morpheme contrast. This research used descriptive qualitative. The source of the data was basic-word vocabulary. The data were gathered by conducting an in-depth interview with five post-graduate students of the Arabic Department at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta as informants to get information. The data were analyzed by using structural linguistics, especially phonology, morphology, and semantics. This investigation informed several aspects of findings such as processes of cognates, back-formation, phonological variations, prefixes, clipping, derivation, acronym, loanword, blending, and metathesis of MSA, PLS and TNS. Using the Swadesh vocabulary list, the results of this study found 207 vocabularies for each language, such as MSA, Tunisian, and Palestinian. Using word categorization, it has found that these vocabularies have categorized into five words classes, namely, nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, determiner.