bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Physical Conditions in NGC 6910
Authors: Kaur Harmeen , Sharma Saurabh , Dewangan Lokesh K. , Ojha Devendra K. , Durgapal Alok , Panwar Neelam
Published: June 2020

Deep and wide-field optical photometric observations along with multiwavelength archival data sets have been employed to study the physical properties of the cluster NGC 6910. The study also examines the impact of massive stars on their environment. The age, distance, and reddening of the cluster are estimated to be ∼4.5 Myr, 1.72 ± 0.08 kpc, and

mag, respectively. The mass function slope (Γ = −0.74 ± 0.15) in the cluster region is found to be flatter than the Salpeter value (−1.35), indicating the presence of an excess number of massive stars. The cluster also shows mass segregation toward the central region due to their formation processes. The distribution of warm dust emission is investigated toward the central region of the cluster, showing the signature of the impact of massive stars within the cluster region. Radio continuum clumps powered by massive B-type stars (age range ∼0.07–0.12 Myr) are traced that are located away from the center of the stellar cluster NGC 6910 (age ∼4.5 Myr). Based on the values of different pressure components exerted by massive stars, the photoionized gas associated with the cluster is found to be the dominant feedback mechanism in the cluster. Overall, the massive stars in the cluster might have triggered the birth of young, massive B-type stars in the cluster. This argument is supported with evidence of the observed age gradient between the cluster and the powering sources of the radio clumps.
Connecting the Local Stellar Halo and Its Dark Matter Density to Dwarf Galaxies via Blue Stragglers
Authors: Casagrande Luca
Published: June 2020

The Gaia H-R diagram shows the presence of apparently young stars at high tangential velocities. Using a simple analytical model, I show that these stars are likely to be blue stragglers. Once normalized to red giant stars, the fraction of nearby halo blue stragglers is of order 20%, and remarkably close to that measured in dwarf galaxies. Motivated by this similarity, I apply to field blue stragglers scaling relations inferred from blue stragglers in dwarf galaxies. Doing this for the Milky Way halo returns an average stellar density of

and a dark matter density of

within 2 kpc from the Sun. These values compare favorably to other determinations available in the literature but are based on an independent set of assumptions. A few considerations of this methodology are discussed, most notably that the correlation between the dark matter halo core density and stellar mass seems to hold from dwarf galaxies to the nearby Milky Way halo.
The Physical Properties of Fermi-4LAC Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
Authors: Tan Can , Xue Rui , Du Lei-Ming , Xi Shao-Qiang , Wang Ze-Rui , Xie Zhao-Hua
Published: June 2020

In this work, we collect quasi-simultaneous infrared, optical, X-ray and γ-ray data of 60 Fermi fourth LAT AGN catalog (4LAC) flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). In the framework of the conventional one-zone leptonic model, we investigate the physical properties of Fermi-4LAC FSRQs’ jets by modeling their quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Our main results are summarized as follows. (1) There is a linear correlation between synchrotron peak frequency and curvature of the electron energy distribution. As suggested by previous works, the slope of the best linear fitting equation of this correlation is consistent with statistic acceleration that needs a fluctuation of fractional acceleration gain. (2) The γ-ray dissipation regions are located at the range from 0.1 to 10 pc away from the supermassive black hole, and located outside the broad-line region and within the dusty torus. (3) A size relation P
e (the kinetic power carried in relativistic electrons) ∼P
B (Poynting flux) ≤P
r (the radiative power) <P
p (the kinetic power in cold protons) is found in our modeling. Among them, P
e ∼ P
B suggests that SEDs of almost all FSRQs with parameters are close to equipartition between the magnetic field and the relativistic electrons. The P
e < P
r suggest that the most energy of the relativistic electrons are dissipated by EC radiation for FSRQs. (4) There is an anticorrelation between the peak energy of SEDs (γ
peak) and the jet power (P
jet), which is consistent with the blazar sequence.
The Extended Gaia–PS1–SDSS (GPS1+) Proper Motion Catalog
Authors: Tian Hai-Jun , Xu Yang , Liu Chao , Rix Hans-Walter , Sesar Branimir , Goldman Bertrand
Published: June 2020

The Gaia + PanSTARRS1 (PS1) + Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) + Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) (GPS1) catalog was released in 2017. It delivered precise proper motions for around 350 million sources down to a magnitude of

mag. In this study, we present GPS1+, the extension GPS1 catalog down to

mag, based on Gaia data release 2 (DR2), PS1, SDSS, and 2MASS astrometry. GPS1+ totally provides proper motions for ∼400 million sources with a characteristic systematic error of less than 0.1 mas yr−1. This catalog is divided into two subsamples, i.e., the primary and secondary parts. The primary ∼264 million sources have either or both Gaia and SDSS astrometry, with a typical precision of 2.0–5.0 mas yr−1. In this part, ∼160 million sources have Gaia proper motions, and we provide another new proper motion for each of them by building a Bayesian model. Relative to Gaia's values, the precision is improved by ∼0.1 dex on average; ∼50 million sources are the objects whose proper motions are missing in Gaia DR2, and we provide their proper motions with a precision of ∼4.5 mas yr−1. The remaining ∼54 million faint sources are beyond Gaia detecting capability, and we provide their proper motions for the first time with a precision of 7.0 mas yr−1. However, the secondary ∼136 million sources only have PS1 astrometry, where the average precision is worse than 15.0 mas yr−1. The large uncertainty probably limits it to qualitative applications. All the proper motions have been validated using QSOs and the existing Gaia proper motions. The catalog will be available via the TAP Service in the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory.
Solar Cycle of Imaging the Global Heliosphere: Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Observations from 2009–2019
Authors: McComas D. J. , Bzowski M. , Dayeh M. A. , DeMajistre R. , Funsten H. O. , Janzen P. H. , Kowalska-Leszczyńska I. , Kubiak M. A. , Schwadron N. A. , Sokół J. M. , Szalay J. R. , Tokumaru M. , Zirnstein E. J.
Published: June 2020

NASA’s Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission has operated in space for a full solar activity cycle (Solar Cycle 24), and IBEX observations have exposed the global three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium for the first time. Here, we extend the prior IBEX observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) by adding a comprehensive analysis of four additional years (2016 through 2019). We document several improvements and rerelease the entire 11 yr, IBEX-Hi data set. The new observations track the continuing expansion of the outer heliosphere’s response to the large solar wind pressure increase in late 2014. We find that the intensification of ENAs from the heliosheath continued to expand progressively over time to directions farther from the initial, closest direction to the heliospheric boundaries, ∼20° south of the upwind direction. This expansion extended beyond the south pole in 2018 and the north pole in 2019, demonstrating that the termination shock and heliopause are closer in the south. The heliotail has not yet responded, indicating that the boundaries are significantly farther away in the downwind direction. Finally, the slow solar wind (∼1 keV) ENAs just started to intensify from the closest regions of the IBEX Ribbon. This is about two and a half years after the initial response from heliosheath ENAs and about four and a half years after the increase in solar wind output, both clearly implicating a “secondary ENA” source in the draped interstellar magnetic field, just beyond the heliopause.
X-Ray Binary Luminosity Function Scaling Relations in Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Globular Cluster Seeding of Low-mass X-Ray Binaries in Galactic Fields
Authors: Lehmer Bret D. , Ferrell Andrew P. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Monson Erik B. , Alexander David M. , Basu-Zych Antara , Brandt William N. , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Tzanavaris Panayiotis , Yukita Mihoko , Fragos Tassos , Ptak Andrew
Published: June 2020

We investigate X-ray binary (XRB) luminosity function (XLF) scaling relations for Chandra-detected populations of low-mass XRBs (LMXBs) within the footprints of 24 early-type galaxies. Our sample includes Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observed galaxies at

Mpc that have estimates of the globular cluster (GC) specific frequency (S

N
) reported in the literature. As such, we are able to directly classify X-ray-detected sources as being coincident with unrelated background/foreground objects, GCs, or sources that are within the fields of the galaxy targets. We model the GC and field LMXB population XLFs for all galaxies separately and then construct global models characterizing how the LMXB XLFs vary with galaxy stellar mass and S

N
. We find that our field LMXB XLF models require a component that scales with S

N
and has a shape consistent with that found for the GC LMXB XLF. We take this to indicate that GCs are “seeding” the galactic field LMXB population, through the ejection of GC LMXBs and/or the diffusion of the GCs in the galactic fields themselves. However, we also find that an important LMXB XLF component is required for all galaxies that scales with stellar mass, implying that a substantial population of LMXBs are formed “in situ,” which dominates the LMXB population emission for galaxies with S

N
≲ 2. For the first time, we provide a framework quantifying how directly associated GC LMXBs, GC-seeded LMXBs, and in situ LMXBs contribute to LMXB XLFs in the broader early-type galaxy population.
Magnetic Field Generation by an Inhomogeneous Return Current
Authors: Ohira Yutaka
Published: June 2020

A new generation mechanism of the magnetic field in an inhomogeneous collisionless plasma with a beam component is proposed. We show that even though the current and charge neutralities are initially satisfied, the current neutrality is eventually violated if there is an inhomogeneity, so that the magnetic field is generated. By conducting ab initio two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that the magnetic field is generated as expected. The new generation mechanism of the magnetic field can play an important role in the current universe because cosmic rays can be regarded as the beam component in the astrophysical plasma. We propose that the first cosmic rays generate the magnetic field with a large scale at the redshift of z ≈ 20.
A Pair of Tidally Disrupted Galaxies from The Hubble Legacy Archive
Authors: Kargaltsev Oleg , Yang Hui
Published: June 2020

We describe archival, serendipitously obtained Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of a tidally disturbed galaxy pair (AM 0436–472 NED01/LEDA 503707) located at z = 0.058 (240 Mpc). The system likely belongs to peculiar ring galaxies of Solitaire type. We also analyze an archival optical spectrum of AM 0436–472 NED01 and report an upper limit in X-rays (0.2–10 keV).
Experimental Investigation of Oxidation of Pyroxene and Basalt: Implications for Spectroscopic Analyses of the Surface of Venus and the Ages of Lava Flows
Authors: Cutler K. S. , Filiberto J. , Treiman A. H. , Trang D.
Published: June 2020

Alteration of basalt on the surface of Venus should be dominated by nanophase hematite and sulfate coatings, but the timescale of oxidation and how that affects spectroscopic measurements has not been extensively studied. The oxidation rate and the effect on reflectance spectroscopy are needed to constrain the age of lava flows with high emissivity that were previously measured by the European Space Agency's Venus Express Mission. Here we investigate the effects of oxidation on the mineralogy and visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy of augite, diopside, pyroxenite, and an alkali basalt. The experimental and spectroscopic data are used to constrain the surface basaltic weathering rates for Venus. Further, we use the spectroscopic measurements to constrain how quickly igneous signatures would degrade during oxidation of the surface. Our results show that basalt and olivine oxidize within weeks to months on the surface of Venus and their VNIR results are dominated by hematite. Pyroxenes take longer to alter with minor hematite forming on the surface—largely in cracks. Instead, Fe3+ is predominantly forming in the crystal structure. Our work suggests that if basalt on the surface of Venus contains olivine and/or glass, the high emissivity lavas previously measured would be only a few years old. If, instead, those high emissivity lavas are fully crystalline and contain no olivine or glass (which is unlikely), they would still only be decades to hundreds of years old. Therefore, this is consistent with recent work suggesting that Venus is volcanically active today.
Inertial Modes of a Freely Rotating Ellipsoidal Planet and Their Relation to Nutations
Authors: Rekier Jeremy , Triana Santiago A. , Trinh Antony , Dehant Véronique
Published: June 2020

We compute the inertial modes of a freely rotating two-layer planetary model with an ellipsoidal inviscid fluid core and a perfectly rigid mantle. We present a method to derive analytical formulae for the frequencies of the free core nutation (FCN) and Chandler wobble (CW) that are valid to all orders of the dynamical flattening of the core and mantle, and we show how the FCN and CW are the direct generalization of the purely fluid spin-over mode and of the Eulerian wobble to the case where the mantle can oscillate freely around a state of steady rotation. Through a numerical computation for an axisymmetric (oblate spheroidal) planet, we demonstrate that all other inertial modes of the steadily rotating fluid core are also free modes of the freely rotating two-layer planet.
Distribution modeling applied to deficient data species assessment: A case study with Pithecopus nordestinus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae)
Authors: Da Silva Felipe Pessoa , Fernandes-Ferreira Hugo , Montes Martín Alejandro , da Silva Lucas Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

The arboreal frog Pithecopus nordestinus is geographically present in almost all Brazilian Northeast territory and Minas Gerais State. It is currently classified as deficient data (DD) by IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, requiring further knowledge about its geographic distribution and population status. In this context, the species distribution modeling can be applied, since its basis uses species occurrence records and environmental variables related to bioclimatic and landscape features. This kind of method predicts the species suitability of certain organism in the geographic space. We obtained 159 P. nordestinus occurrence records, covering all the previously known distribution of the species. These records were collected from direct field sampling, scientific literature, museum collections, and available online databases. We used four species distribution modeling algorithms to obtain the potential range (extent of occurrence) and available habitat for this frog through habitat area analysis proposed by IUCN. The generated models can be considered as excellent, with mean AUC value of 0.981. The environmental variables related to temperature and radiation were the most important to the construction of this distribution model. Our results indicate that the forested areas of the Atlantic Forest domain and forest patches inside the Caatinga biome present the highest suitability values for the species occurrence and the major part of available habitats, a fact possibly related to the known arboreal habit of this amphibian. We thus provide a new distribution area for P. nordestinus more broadly than previously known and a new polygon for conservation purposes based on extent of occurrence, and an increase of occupancy based on habitat area analysis. The identification of additional areas where the P. nordestinus occurrence was not yet well known, new habitats for possible dispersal or recolonization; and the selection of conservation hotspots applied to this species are direct applications from our study. In addition, the methodological procedures used here may serve as a baseline tool for new investigations with focus on still deficient data species and its ecological and conservation planning requirements.
First report of fasciation symptom in Artemisia eriantha (Asteraceae), a typical orophyte of high-altitude cliffs, in Central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Pace Loretta , Pellegrini Marika , Pannunzio Giovanna , Pirone Gianfranco
Published: June 2020

Artemisia eriantha Ten., also known as "Apennines genepì", is a valuable aromatic plant with several medicinal properties. Among the several phytoplasma symptoms to which this plant can be subjected, the fasciation is one of the less reported and studied. In natural environments this plant is a characteristic species of the association Artemisietum erianthaeBrullo 1984. In this study, the first occurrence of fasciation in Artemisia eriantha is described. This phenomenon was observed during the ex vitro experimental cultivations, located in Assergi and Barisciano (L’Aquila, Italy), settled for the restocking of this endangered species. The fasciation occurred only in Assergi experimental field with a magnitude of 0.12%. Specific PCR analysis did not show the phytoplasma presence. This fist report allows to expand knowledge about fasciation in Apennines genepì.
Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited
Authors: Viana Sarah T. F. L. , Carvalho Marcelo R. de
Published: June 2020

A new species of deep-water dogfish shark, Squalus shiraiisp. nov., is described herein as endemic to the tropical waters off Southern Japan. This species has been largely misidentified with S. mitsukurii. However, morphological, meristic and morphometric evidence support it to be a separate and undescribed species. Squalus shiraiisp. nov. differs from this species by having body brown in colour dorsally, caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips markedly tapered and broadly white, dermal denticles uniscuspidate and lanceolate and larger number of precaudal (91–94) and total vertebrae (120–123) (vs. body dark grey to black; caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips rounded and not white in colour; denticles tricuspidate and rhomboid; 86–90 precaudal and 116–117 total vertebrae). Squalus shiraiisp. nov. is also clearly separated from other Japanese congeners which are herein revisited to include six species, based on the examination of over 150 specimens caught from Japanese waters that were available in ichthyological collections: S. mitsukurii, S. japonicus, S. acutirostris, S. brevirostris and S. suckleyi. Squalus mitsukurii, S. japonicus and S. brevirostris are re-described in detail and the neotype of S. japonicus is herein designated. Squalus acutirostris is treated as a valid species with occurrences in Japan, China and Taiwan and, thus, a provisional diagnosis is given, as well as an updated diagnosis of S. suckleyi. A key to Squalus species from the North-western Pacific Ocean is given and main morphological differences between S. shiraiisp. nov. and the closest related species are discussed.
Féminisme et genre en débat sur Youtube
Authors: Despontin Lefèvre Irène
Published: June 2020

Bien que sous-représentées sur Youtube, les femmes et les minorités de genre produisent du contenu vidéo sur la plateforme Youtube. Notre étude s’intéresse aux chaînes de quatre « vidéastes ordinaires » abordant des thématiques liées au féminisme et/ou au genre, permettant alors de questionner les conditions de production et de circulation de discours spécifiques sur une plateforme hautement hiérarchisée. Au-delà des seules productions visuelles, il s’agira ici de souligner les stratégies déployées pour être visible d’une part, et d’autre part, pour créer – et maintenir – des espaces de débats autour de thématiques spécifiques. En plus de l’analyse d’un corpus de vidéo, une série d’entretiens semi-directif a été réalisée avec ces youtubeur·euses.
Au-delà des nomenclatures de genres
Authors: Boyadjian Julien
Published: June 2020

Si les étudiants apparaissent comme une catégorie particulièrement « omnivore » en matière de consommation musicale, leur répertoire d’écoute fait cependant peu de place aux genres « savants » (opéra, musique classique, jazz). Les pratiques et goûts culturels de cette population sembleraient donc bien échapper aux hiérarchies de genres et aux normes de la légitimité culturelle. Cet article propose de nuancer quelque peu ce constat, en adoptant une analyse centrée sur les artistes – et non uniquement sur les genres musicaux – écoutés des étudiants, tout en tenant compte de la diversité de cette population. Il ressort alors de l’enquête la persistance de logiques distinctives et d’inégalités culturelles en matière de consommation musicale au sein de la jeunesse étudiante.
Durer dans le champ médiatique
Authors: Schummer Baptiste
Published: June 2020

Cet article vise à identifier les conditions et les logiques de l’exceptionnelle pérennité d’Alain Duhamel dans le paysage médiatique français. Une des caractéristiques de cette trajectoire singulière réside dans la précocité avec laquelle le chroniqueur en herbe intègre le sous-espace du journalisme politique de presse écrite. Cet accès fulgurant à une place centrale lui permet de se multi-positionner rapidement dans le champ médiatique (presse écrite, télévision, radio). Acquérant ainsi une prompte renommée auprès du grand public, grâce à la télévision essentiellement, Alain Duhamel parvient à bénéficier d’une reconnaissance dans d’autres champs satellites. En s’érigeant en interlocuteur, à la fois proche et distant, des plus grandes figures du champ politique, il peut notamment mettre en scène les coulisses de l’univers qu’il observe in situ dans ses essais et ses articles, et ainsi adopter une posture de mémorialiste de cour moderne. S’érigeant de la sorte en mémoire vivante de la V e  République, Alain Duhamel se convertit en un label journalistique, un véhicule tout-terrain qui se déplace au gré de la demande médiatique, disséminant ses analyses surplombantes sur tous les supports disponibles, en tant qu’invité permanent des médias.
Customized Wavefront-Optimized Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for a Retained Lenticule Fragment After Primary SMILE
Authors: Chung Byunghoon , Kang David S.Y. , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Kim Tae-im
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:

To describe the surgical outcomes after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for a case of retained intrastromal lenticule fragment after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Transepithelial PRK was performed to minimize corneal irregularity and to correct residual refractive errors in a patient who had undergone failed lenticule extraction, which resulted in a refractive lenticule fragment being retained for 14 months after primary SMILE.

RESULTS:

At the postoperative 6-month visit, uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity improved to 20/20 and 20/20, respectively, and corneal tomography depicted normalization of the corneal surface. Corneal higher order aberrations, including coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration, were markedly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS:

Transepithelial PRK is a potential option for the management of a retained lenticule fragment after primary SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(6):395–399.]
Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Recent Guidelines
Authors: Siddiqui Sahar , Malatesta-Muncher Rossana
Published: June 2020

Pediatric hypertension (HTN) is a growing problem worldwide that can be attributed to various risk factors, including the upward trend in obesity and poor lifestyle choices. Pediatric HTN will eventually lead to adult HTN and cardiovascular disease. There is concern that HTN in children and adolescents is often underdiagnosed. This article highlights important risk factors and chronic conditions associated with HTN along with complications such as end organ damage and cardiovascular disease. This article also outlines cost-effective diagnostic evaluations and step-wise treatment options, including nonpharmacological interventions such as lifestyle modifications as well as medical management based on the most recent American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(6):e250–e257.]
Pediatric Nephrolithiasis: Risk Factors, Evaluation, and Prevention
Authors: Saadeh Sermin A.
Published: June 2020

Pediatric nephrolithiasis is a disease of increasing prevalence and economic burden, with data showing a rising trend among girls and adolescents. Kidney stones in children tend to have a high recurrence rate related to underlying risk factors, and the aim of evaluation should be to understand such causes so that targeted therapy can be provided to decrease recurrence and complications. Metabolic, anatomic, and genetic abnormalities as well as environmental risk factors have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Recent studies have focused on identifying monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis in young patients that would result in personalization of treatment as well as future diagnostic implications for family members. Treatment aims to decrease stone burden and recurrence as well as minimize complications and is guided by stone size and location as well as surgical expertise. Multidisciplinary care for these patients has been on the rise to provide a more comprehensive medical and surgical support.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(6):e262–e267.]
Estudio bibliométrico de la producción biomédica internacional de los investigadores de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Russell Jane M. , Delgado Héctor , Rosas Angélica M.ª , Blancas Gustavo
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio es un análisis de la participación de los investigadores de la UNAM en la literatura biomédica internacional. Tiene por objeto determinar aquellas áreas de la investigación biomédica donde la UNAM es más activa, así como evaluar la trascendencia de su contribución a través del análisis del factor de impacto de las revistas donde fueron publicados los artículos de los investigadores del área biomédica.
Tendencias de la investigación en la oncología española a través de las publicaciones periódicas (1979-1985)
Authors: Medina Doménech Rosa María , García Leal Julia
Published: June 2020

En el presente trabajo se analizaron las patologías oncológicas y la estructura de lo que investigan los oncólogos españoles a través de las publicaciones aparecidas en revistas españolas y extranjeras en los años 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985. Del estudio se deduce el predominio, en nuestro contexto geográfico y en el extranjero, de investigaciones con estructuras de investigación débiles - más susceptibles del azar, sesgo, y otros factores de confusión- frente a proyectos de investigación consistentes. Asimismo, se detectó una falta de correlación entre las patologías oncológicas objeto de los artículos y su incidencia y mortalidad.
El valor de la información desde la perspectiva del usuario y el papel de las bibliotecas y unidades de información en la empresa
Authors: Altuna Esteibar Belén
Published: June 2020

Se presentan distintas aproximaciones al concepto de «valor de la información» desde la perspectiva del usuario final, analizando a continuación los flujos de información y el papel de las fuentes formales de información en el contexto del proceso tecnológico industrial. Finalmente, se sugiere la importancia para el bibliotecario/especialista en información del uso de las características de un entorno dado con el fin de optimizar el valor potencial de la información.
Les montagnes andines et ses habitants : le Pérou sous l’œil de la caméra de l’alpiniste français Lionel Terray (1952-1964)
Authors: Tessier-Brusetti Chloé
Published: June 2020

Grande figure de l’alpinisme français de l’après-guerre, membre de huit expéditions, notamment dans les Andes et l’Himalaya, spécialiste des premières ascensions, Lionel Terray était passionné par la montagne, le cinéma et « poussé par la curiosité des hommes » [C’est le Pérou, film de Lionel Terray, en collaboration avec Marcel Ichac, Jean-Jacques Languepin (1964)]. Lors des ascensions de plusieurs sommets enneigés au Pérou en 1956 et à l’occasion de séjours postérieurs, il réalise des images sur la vie et les traditions des Indiens du Pérou ; il rapporte en France quelques bobines de film à partir desquelles il réalisera différents documentaires, dont l’un gagnera le Grand Prix du Film de Montagne et de l’Exploration au Festival International de Trente. Les films-portraits de Terray, bien qu’ils soient empreints d’exotisme et de stéréotypes, s’inscrivent avant tout dans la curiosité et la reconnaissance de l’autre, à une époque où la nation péruvienne peine à admettre sa pluralité culturelle.
Bodies crossing borders
Authors: Pesarini Angelica
Published: June 2020

This article sheds light on the fragility and contradictions of the colonial and fascist discourse on race and gender in the former Italian colonies in East Africa (1890‑1941). It shows the complexities of the interactions occurring among social actors within the cracks of the colonial discourse, despite enforcement of racial laws, prohibition and punishment. The analysis is supported by the examination of some propaganda material and court cases related to the criminalisation of interracial relationships. Finally, the last part of the paper challenges the flattening of Black women’s agency and advocates for the acknowledgment of their agency and the recognition of their role in history within contexts of oppression and discrimination.
Enfants sans foyer : Le débat sur l’adoption en Italie dans les années 1960 et 1970
Authors: Inaudi Silvia
Published: June 2020

L’article vise à analyser le débat politique et culturel sur les adoptions, avec une référence particulière à la promulgation de la loi sur l’adoption spéciale nº 431, 5 juin 1967 dans le contexte plus large des changements au sein de la famille dans les années 1960 et 1970. La loi sur l’adoption spéciale, même si pas autant prise en considération par l’historiographie que le droit de la famille et les lois sur le divorce et l’avortement, s’inscrit pleinement, en raison de son importance symbolique, dans les réformes qui ont caractérisé la transition de ces décennies et la modernisation de la société italienne.
Effect of Solution Concentration on ZnO/ZnAl2O4 Nanocomposite Thin Films Formation Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis on Glass and Si(111) Substrates
Authors: Iaiche Sabrina , Boukaous Chahra , Alamarguy David , Djelloul Abdelkader , Hamana Djamel
Published: June 2020

A complex ZnO/ZnAl2O4 heterostructures thin films on glass and Si (111) substrates have been successively obtained by a soft ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method deposition using the Zn/Al molar ratios concentrations of 0.07/0.13 and 0.1/0.1, respectively. According to (XRD) an ordered zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) structures deposited onto glass from the air annealing at 500 °C during 2 hours was observed and confirmed by the (EDX), (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The estimated crystallites size and stress values of ZnO and ZnAl2O4 in the ZnO/ZnAl2O4/glass film were 19 nm/0.469 GPa and 11 nm/-0.292 GPa, respectively. The lower Zn/Al molar ratio around 0.035/0.06 produced only ZnO as a single phase, suggesting the Al insufficient quantity. The Si (100) substrate with 0.07 Zn molarity conducted to the Zn2SiO4/ZnO/ZnAl2O4 composite. The Raman integrated intensity bands of ZnO and ZnAl2O4 increases with increasing Zn to Al molar ratio (0.1/0.1 comparatively to 0.07/0.13). The ZnO&ZnAl2O4 crystallinity enhances as Zn molarity increases. The ZnO films in the composites grow with (002) texture. The TC(hkl) value indicated that ZnAl2O4 in the ZnO/ZnAl2O4/glass layer is polycrystalline preferentially oriented along the (311) plane. Spinel ZnAl2O4 oxide onto Si (111) substrate grown according to the (220) orientation. Crystallites are larger in ZnO/ZnAl2O4/Si than in ZnO/ZnAl2O4/glass. The ZnO/ZnAl2O4 film onto glass substrate is transparent in the visible and near infrared regions and sensitive to UV absorption, as characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The ZnO and ZnAl2O4Egvalues in the ZnO/ZnAl2O4/glass composite were 3.25 and 3.88 eV, respectively.
On the Distance Directional Growth of GaxOy Nanomaterials Concerning the Surface Au Droplets and Au/Ga/O Clusters Outward Diffusion on the Separated Au Islands/Strips on Gaas Substrate Using Thermal Vapor-Liquid-Solid Method
Authors: Dao Khac An , Nguyen Tien Thanh , Pham Hong Trang
Published: June 2020

This paper outlines some experimental results and discusses the new growth method for growing the different GaxOy nanomaterials formed during the outward diffusion of the surface nanoclusters (SNCs) including the Au droplets and/or surface Au/Ga/O nanoclusters from the Au separated islands/strips being on GaAs substrate during the thermal Vapor -Liquid -Solid method with two steps temperature mode. Depending on the technological conditions, during the outward diffusion of the SNCs from the Au catalyst island/strip, the different sizes, morphologies and features of nanomaterials will be formed along the surface diffusion direction with the decreasing sizes. This growth method to be so called the distance directional growth method, it has not reported in the Literature. The nanomaterial growth process here could be explained by the solid - solid phase with the self-growth mechanism from the moving-diffusing SNCs with the features formed already before based on their chemical- physical interactions between the Au catalyst island/strip and GaAs substrate. In the suitable technological conditions the surface nanoscale Kirkendall effect with Kirkendall voids also completely formed... Based on the results of Field Emission Scanning electron Microscope (FESEM), the Energy-Dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) measurements, the formation mechanism and effect of the SNCs outward diffusion on the growth of different GaxOy nanomaterials have discussed more in detailed.. The diffusivities of the SNCs depending on technological conditions in the different samples have estimated by the random walk theory, their values are in the range of 8.35x10-10 to 10-11 m2/sec. The distance directional growth method could be applied for the growing and controlling the nanomaterials configurations outside the Au catalyst island/strip on GaAs substrate with the different sizes for nano devices application.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Magneto Rheological Abrasive Flow Nano Finishing Process on AISI Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Kathiresan S. , Mohan B.
Published: June 2020

In this experimental work, Magneto rheological abrasive flow nano finishing processes were conducted on AISI Stainless steel 316L work pieces that are widely used in medical implants. The focus of the present study is to assess the effect of input variables namely the volume percentage of iron (Fe) particles, silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive particles in the Magneto rheological abrasive fluid and number of cycles on the final surface roughness at nano level as well as the material removal rate. The volume % of Fe particles were taken as 20, 25 and 30 and the volume % of SiC particles were taken as 10, 15 and 20. The different number of cycles considered for the study is 100,200 and 300. There are 20 different set of experiments with different combinations of input variables mentioned have been carried out based on the experimental design derived through central composite design technique. The minimum surface roughness observed is 23.34 nanometer (nm) from the initial surface roughness of 1.92 micro meter (µm). Towards optimizing the input process variables, a multi objective optimization was carried out by using response surface methodology.
Passenger Service Dominance through Brand Loyalty: An Idiosyncratic View of Starline Bus Service (Pvt.) Limited
Authors: Kashem Mohammad Abul
Published: June 2020

Continuous improvements of bus services ensure passengers’ well-being. Quality services amalgamated with low price are dominating factors to change passengers’ views in this aspect. With contentions to previous ideology, passengers’ choices stick to a particular bus service provider especially Starline Bus Services (Pvt.) Limited, Bangladesh in compare to other transport (bus) services available on the way of Feni to Chittagong. Hypotheses were set based on fact-finding relationships and justified through 411 sample responses both for loyalty and satisfaction in relation to key predictors like quality service, one stop service, waiting time, price, income, and brand belief and found very convincing roles of the same to develop impregnable brand loyalty of Starline. As a result, those predictors possibly opted to create supremacy in travel service in this region and even considerable factors in future for building loyalty toward passenger travelling services.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Commitment: Mediating role of Meaningful Work and Positive Affect
Authors: Weerasekara N. , Ajward R.
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to theoretically explain the relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and employee commitment using both Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Social Exchange Theory (SET) by developing a conceptual model which incorporates mediation effects of meaningful work and positive affect. Further, this paper highlights the importance of examining employees’ perception of CSR activities in the licensed commercial banking sector. A structured questionnaire that was developed based on a comprehensive review of literature and refined using both expert opinions and a pilot survey was used for data collection. Sample comprised of 410 respondents, and a convenience sampling strategy was used to secure these responses from 13 local licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. Structural equation modelling was utilized to test the proposed relationships. The findings indicate that there are significant (p<0.05) positive relationships between CSR perceptions and employee commitment. Furthermore, meaningful work and positive affect were found to partially mediate the relationship between CSR and employee commitment. In terms of theoretical significance this study filled a gap by utilizing both SIT and SET in explaining relationships between CSR perceptions and employee commitment. Findings also contribute to the extant empirical literature on CSR perceptions and employee commitment particularly in the banking sector. Moreover, this study adds new insights on mediating capability of psychologically related variables.
Determinants of Board Size and Its Composition: Evidence from Nigerian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Mustapha Y. I , Nafiu A. I. , Abdul F. A. , Omolekan O. J.
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the determinants of corporate board size and its composition in Nigeria using listed manufacturing firms as study area. The objective of the paper is to determine the effect of firms’ characteristic on board size. The study collected secondary information from thirty listed manufacturing firms that met the requirement for selection as sample between 2006 and 2018 through Nigerian Stock Exchange’s Fact Books. Multiple regression analysis was used as analytical technique. Using panel data OLS pooled method of estimation, the paper found that firm size, profitability, and growth opportunities are strong determinants of board size. Similarly, the results indicated that CEO-duality and profitability were determinants of board composition in the study. It is recommended that appointment into corporate board should be based on proven demonstration of high level of expertise, merit and due consideration to firms’ characteristics instead of mundane factors that would not enhance shareholders’ wealth.
Cell Type– and Stimulation-Dependent Transcriptional Programs Regulated by Atg16L1 and Its Crohn's Disease Risk Variant T300A
Authors: Varma Mukund , Kadoki Motohiko , Lefkovith Ariel , Conway Kara L. , Gao Kevin , Mohanan Vishnu , Tusi Betsabeh Khoramian , Graham Daniel B. , Latorre Isabel J. , Tolonen Andrew C. , Khor Bernard , Ng Aylwin , Xavier Ramnik J.
Published: June 2020

Genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants impacting human diseases; however, there are indications that the functional consequences of genetic polymorphisms can be distinct depending on cell type–specific contexts, which produce divergent phenotypic outcomes. Thus, the functional impact of genetic variation and the underlying mechanisms of disease risk are modified by cell type–specific effects of genotype on pathological phenotypes. In this study, we extend these concepts to interrogate the interdependence of cell type– and stimulation-specific programs influenced by the core autophagy gene Atg16L1 and its T300A coding polymorphism identified by genome-wide association studies as linked with increased risk of Crohn's disease. We applied a stimulation-based perturbational profiling approach to define Atg16L1 T300A phenotypes in dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Accordingly, we identified stimulus-specific transcriptional signatures revealing T300A-dependent functional phenotypes that mechanistically link inflammatory cytokines, IFN response genes, steroid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism in dendritic cells and iron homeostasis and lysosomal biogenesis in T lymphocytes. Collectively, these studies highlight the combined effects of Atg16L1 genetic variation and stimulatory context on immune function.
Loss of IL-27Rα Results in Enhanced Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis Associated with Elevated Th17 Responses
Authors: Coppock Gaia M. , Aronson Lillian R. , Park Jihwan , Qiu Chengxiang , Park Jeongho , DeLong Jonathan H. , Radaelli Enrico , Suszták Katalin , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: June 2020

Clinical and experimental studies have established that immune cells such as alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and Th17 cells play a role in the progression of chronic kidney disease, but the endogenous pathways that limit these processes are not well understood. The cytokine IL-27 has been shown to limit immune-mediated pathology in other systems by effects on these cell types, but this has not been thoroughly investigated in the kidney. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed on wild-type and IL-27Rα−/− mice. After 2 wk, kidneys were extracted, and the degree of injury was measured by hydroxyproline assay and quantification of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin mRNA. Immune cell infiltrate was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. An anti–IL-17A mAb was subsequently administered to IL-27Rα−/− mice every 2 d from day of surgery with evaluation as described after 2 wk. After unilateral ureteral obstruction, IL-27 deficiency resulted in increased tissue injury and collagen deposition associated with higher levels of chemokine mRNA and increased numbers of M2 macrophages. Loss of the IL-27Rα led to increased infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells that coproduced IL-17A and TNF-α, and blockade of IL-17A partially ameliorated kidney injury. Patients with chronic kidney disease had elevated serum levels of IL-27 and IL-17A, whereas expression of transcripts for the IL-27RA and the IL-17RA in the tubular epithelial cells of patients with renal fibrosis correlated with disease severity. These data suggest that endogenous IL-27 acts at several points in the inflammatory cascade to limit the magnitude of immune-mediated damage to the kidney.
HMGB1-Neutralizing IgM Antibody Is a Normal Component of Blood Plasma
Authors: Geng Yajun , Munirathinam Gnanasekar , Palani Sunil , Ross Joseph E. , Wang Bin , Chen Aoshuang , Zheng Guoxing
Published: June 2020

Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern. Although a homeostatic level of extracellular HMGB1 may be beneficial for immune defense, tissue repair, and tissue regeneration, excessive HMGB1 is linked to inflammatory diseases. This prompts an intriguing question: how does a healthy body control the level of extracellular HMGB1? In this study, in the plasma of both healthy humans and healthy mice, we have identified an anti-HMGB1 IgM autoantibody that neutralizes extracellular HMGB1 via binding specifically to a 100% conserved epitope, namely HMW4 (HMGB198–112). In mice, this anti-HMW4 IgM is produced by peritoneal B-1 cells, and concomitant triggering of their BCR and TLR4 by extracellular HMGB1 stimulates the production of anti-HMW4 IgM. The ability of extracellular HMGB1 to induce its own neutralizing Ab suggests a feedback loop limiting the level of this damage-associated molecular pattern in a healthy body.
Influenza Suppresses Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lung and Exacerbates Secondary Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Tobin Joshua M. , Nickolich Kara L. , Ramanan Krishnaveni , Pilewski Matthew J. , Lamens Kristina D. , Alcorn John F. , Robinson Keven M.
Published: June 2020

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus that can cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis when spores are inhaled into the respiratory tract and invade airway or lung tissue. Influenza is a common respiratory virus that can cause severe respiratory disease, and postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which is becoming a well-recognized clinical problem, typically occurs in critically ill patients. Mice challenged with influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 and subsequently challenged with A. fumigatus had increased fungal burden, viral burden, inflammation, and mortality compared with single infected mice. Neutrophil recruitment in the lung of superinfected mice was decreased; however, mice were not neutropenic, and there was no difference in absolute blood neutrophils between groups. Additionally, CXCL1 and CXCL2 were decreased in lungs of superinfected mice compared with controls. IFN levels were increased in mice that received influenza, and deletion of STAT1 resulted in decreased fungal burden, increased airway and lung neutrophils, and increased CXCL1 compared with wild-type mice, whereas deletion of STAT2 did not change fungal burden or airway neutrophilia compared with wild-type mice. These data demonstrate a mechanism by which influenza A–induced STAT1 signaling inhibits neutrophil recruitment and increases susceptibility to postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Predicting On-axis Rotorcraft Dynamic Responses Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jackson Ryan D. , Jump Michael , Green Peter L.
Published: June 2020

Physical-law-based models are widely utilized in the aerospace industry. One such use is to provide flight dynamics models for use in flight simulators. For human-in-the-loop use, such simulators must run in real-time. Owing to the complex physics of rotorcraft flight, to meet this
real-time requirement, simplifications to the underlying physics sometimes have to be applied to the model, leading to errors in the model's predictions of the real vehicle's response. This study investigated whether a machine-learning technique could be employed to provide rotorcraft dynamic
response predictions. Machine learning was facilitated using a Gaussian process (GP) nonlinear autoregressive model, which predicted the on-axis pitch rate, roll rate, yaw rate, and heave responses of a Bo105 rotorcraft. A variational sparse GP model was then developed to reduce the computational
cost of implementing the approach on large datasets. It was found that both of the GP models were able to provide accurate on-axis response predictions, particularly when the model input contained all four control inceptors and one lagged on-axis response term. The predictions made showed
improvement compared to a corresponding physics-based model. The reduction of training data to one-third (rotational axes) or one-half (heave axis) resulted in only minor degradation of the sparse GP model predictions.