bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the evolution of composite-type GSKIP in mitochondria and Wnt signaling pathways
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Yu , Chiou Shean-Jaw , Ko Huey-Jiun , Cheng Yu-Fan , Lin Sin-Yi , Lai Yun-Ling , Lin Chen-Yen , Wang Chihuei , Cheng Jiin-Tsuey , Liu Hsin-Fu , Kwan Aij-Li , Loh Joon-Khim , Hong Yi-Ren
Published: January 2022

We previously revealed the origin of mammalian simple-type glycogen synthase kinase interaction protein (GSKIP), which served as a scavenger and a competitor in the Wnt signaling pathway during evolution. In this study, we investigated the conserved and nonconserved regions of the composite-type GSKIP by utilizing bioinformatics tools, site-directed mutagenesis, and yeast two-hybrid methods. The regions were denoted as the pre-GSK3β binding site, which is located at the front of GSK3β-binding sites. Our data demonstrated that clustered mitochondria protein 1 (CLU1), a type of composite-type GSKIP that exists in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic organisms, possesses the protein known as domain of unknown function 727 (DUF727), with a pre-GSK3β-binding site and a mutant GSK3β-binding flanking region. Another type of composite-type GSKIP, armadillo repeat containing 4 (ARMC4), which is known for cilium movement in vertebrates, contains an unintegrated DUF727 flanking region with a pre-GSK3β-binding site (115SPxF118) only. In addition, the sequence of the GSK3β-binding site in CLU1 revealed that Q126L and V130L were not conserved, differing from the ideal GSK3β-binding sequence of simple-type GSKIP. We further illustrated two exceptions, namely 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70/DnaK) and Mitofilin in nematodes, that presented an unexpected ideal GSK3β-binding region with a pre-GSK3β sequence; this composite-type GSKIP could only occur in vertebrate species. Furthermore, we revealed the importance of the pre-GSK3β-binding site (118F or 118Y) and various mutant GSK3β-binding sites of composite-type GSKIP. Collectively, our data suggest that the new composite-type GSKIP starts with a DUF727 domain followed by a pre-GSK3β-binding site, with the subsequent addition of the GSK3β-binding site, which plays vital roles for CLU1, Mitofilin, and ARMC4 in mitochondria and Wnt signaling pathways during evolution.
Validation of the Rowlands Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) to detect major neurocognitive disorder among elderly people in Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Daniel Beniam , Agenagnew Liyew , Workicho Abdulhalik , Abera Mubarek
Published: January 2022

Background

The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is currently widely used for research and clinical purposes in many countries. However, its applicability and validity have not been evaluated in the Ethiopian context so far. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the reliability and validity of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale to detect major neurocognitive disorder among older people in Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected older people residing in Macedonia institutional care center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The gold standard diagnosis was determined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for major neurocognitive disorders. Stata v16 statistical software was used for data analysis. Receivers operating curve analysis, correlations, linear regression, and independent t-test were performed with statistically significant associations declared at a p-value of <0.05. Inter-rater, internal consistency reliabilities, content, criterion and construct validities were also determined.

Results

A total of 116 individuals participated in the study with a 100% response rate. Most (52.7%) of the participants were male and the mean age in years was 69.9± 8. The Cronbach’s alpha for RUDAS was 0.7 with an intra-class correlation coefficient value of 0.9. RUDAS has an area under the receivers operating curve of 0.87 with an optimal cutoff value of ≤ 22. At this cutoff point, RUDAS has sensitivity and specificity of 92.3 and 75.3 with positive and negative likelihood ratios as well as positive and negative predictive values of 3.7, 0.1, 65.5%, and 91.5%, respectively. There has also been a significant difference in the mean scores of RUDAS among the two diagnostic groups showing good construct validity.

Conclusion

The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to detect major neurocognitive disorder. Policy makers and professionals can incorporate the tool in clinical and research practices in developing countries.
A comparative study on the leaf anatomical structure of Camellia oleifera in a low-hot valley area in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Lu , Gao Chao , Liao Desheng , Long Li , Qiu Jie , Wei Hongli , Deng Quanen , Zhou Yunchao
Published: January 2022

The leaf serves as an important assimilation organ of plants, and the anatomical structure of leaves can reflect the adaptability of the plant to the environment to a certain extent. The current study aimed to cultivate superior local cultivars, and 35 healthy individual plants were selected from theCamellia oleiferagermplasm resource nursery for a comparative study of the leaf structure. In July 2019, the leaves were collected from 35 selected healthyC.oleiferaplants, and the leaf structure was observed by using the paraffin section method. Healthy individual plants were screened using variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The representative indices were selected according to the cluster membership, correlation indices and coefficient of variation (C/V) for a comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance via the membership function. There were extremely significant differences in 11 indices of leaf structure for these 35 healthy plants. C18 had the greatest leaf thickness, C7 the largest spongy tissue, and C38 the largest ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness (P/S). The clustering results of the healthy individual plants differed significantly. The membership function showed that the drought resistance of 35C.oleiferaplants was divided into five categories. C18 had very strong drought resistance, and C3, C7 and C40 had strong drought resistance. There were significant differences in terms of the upper epidermis, P/S ratio and spongy tissue among theC.oleiferaplants. C18, C3, C7 and C40 exhibited satisfactory drought resistance. Although C39 and C26 had moderate drought resistance, their P/S ratios were high, which might be used to cultivate high-yield and drought-resistantC.oleiferavarieties. The leaf P/S ratio ofC.oleiferafrom low-hot valley areas was high. Among various leaf structures, spongy tissue, upper epidermis, P/S ratio and cuticle constitute the drought resistance evaluation indices forC.oleiferagrown in low-hot valley areas.
The vaginal Torquetenovirus titer varies with vaginal microbiota composition in pregnant women
Authors: Tozetto-Mendoza Tania Regina , Mendes-Correa Maria C. , Moron Antonio F. , Forney Larry J. , Linhares Iara M. , Ribeiro da Silva Almir , Honorato Layla , Witkin Steven S.
Published: January 2022

Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic endogenous virus whose abundance varies with the extent of immune system activation. We determined if the TTV titer in the vagina of pregnant women was associated with vaginal microbiota composition and levels of compounds in vaginal secretions. Vaginal TTV and microbiota composition in 494 second trimester pregnant women were identified by gene amplification and analysis. Vaginal matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) and lactic acid isomers were measured by ELISA. Dominance was defined as the relative abundance of a specific bacterium or species at >50% of the total number of bacteria identified. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. The median log10TTV titer was lowest whenLactobacillusspecies other thanL.inerswere dominant (<1.0) as compared to whenL.iners(4.1, p = 0.0001), bacteria other than lactobacilli (4.5, p = 0.0016) or no bacterium (4.7, p = 0.0009) dominated. The TTV titer was inversely proportional toL.crispatusabundance (p<0.0001) and directly proportional to levels ofG.vaginalis(p = 0.0008) andL.iners(p = 0.0010). The TTV titer was proportional to TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 abundance (p≤0.0002) and inversely proportional to the level of D-lactic acid (p = 0.0024). We conclude that the association between variations in the TTV titer and the relative abundance of specific bacterial species and vaginal compounds indicates that local changes in immune status likely influence vaginal fluid composition.
Natural image statistics for mouse vision
Authors: Abballe Luca , Asari Hiroki
Published: January 2022

The mouse has dichromatic color vision based on two different types of opsins: short (S)- and middle (M)-wavelength-sensitive opsins with peak sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV; 360 nm) and green light (508 nm), respectively. In the mouse retina, cone photoreceptors that predominantly express the S-opsin are more sensitive to contrasts and denser towards the ventral retina, preferentially sampling the upper part of the visual field. In contrast, the expression of the M-opsin gradually increases towards the dorsal retina that encodes the lower visual field. Such a distinctive retinal organization is assumed to arise from a selective pressure in evolution to efficiently encode the natural scenes. However, natural image statistics of UV light remain largely unexplored. Here we developed a multi-spectral camera to acquire high-quality UV and green images of the same natural scenes, and examined the optimality of the mouse retina to the image statistics. We found that the local contrast and the spatial correlation were both higher in UV than in green for images above the horizon, but lower in UV than in green for those below the horizon. This suggests that the dorsoventral functional division of the mouse retina is not optimal for maximizing the bandwidth of information transmission. Factors besides the coding efficiency, such as visual behavioral requirements, will thus need to be considered to fully explain the characteristic organization of the mouse retina.
COVID-19 excess mortality among long-term care residents in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Akhtar-Danesh Noori , Baumann Andrea , Crea-Arsenio Mary , Antonipillai Valentina
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating consequences worldwide, including a spike in global mortality. Residents of long-term care homes have been disproportionately affected. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the scale of pandemic-related deaths of long-term care residents in the province of Ontario, Canada, and to estimate excess mortality due to a positive COVID-19 test adjusted for demographics and regional variations. Crude mortality rates for 2019 and 2020 were compared, as were predictors of mortality among residents with positive and negative tests from March 2020 to December 2020. We found the crude mortality rates were higher from April 2020 to June 2020 and from November 2020 to December 2020, corresponding to Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the pandemic in Ontario. There were also substantial increases in mortality among residents with a positive COVID-19 test. The significant differences in excess mortality observed in relation to long-term care home ownership category and geographic region may indicate gaps in the healthcare system that warrant attention from policymakers. Further investigation is needed to identify the most relevant factors in explaining these differences.
The two Vitos: De Niro’s translation of Vito Corleone in The Godfather Part II
Authors: Tait R. Colin
Published: January 2022

Robert De Niro and Marlon Brando are the only two actors to win an Academy Award for playing the same character: Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola’s Godfather series. My article examines the similarities and differences between the actors’ interpretations of the iconic Don Corleone. I draw on lessons on script interpretation they both learned from their acting teacher Stella Adler and Robert De Niro’s goal of ‘being in the present circumstances of the moment’ to examine De Niro’s translation of Brando, the script, Mario Puzo’s novel and their interpretation of Corleone’s embodiment of masculinity. Using De Niro’s scripts, documents and notes related to his research of Corleone in the Harry Ransom Center, I outline the specific steps that De Niro took to translate and reinterpret Corleone. By triangulating the three major personalities most responsible for creating the memorable role, we can separate the various author-functions of three very different creators – Francis Ford Coppola, Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
Adapting the Canon: Mediation, Visualization, Interpretation, Ann Lewis and Silke Arnold-de Simine (eds) (2020)
Authors: Pennacchia Maddalena
Published: January 2022

Review of: Adapting the Canon: Mediation, Visualization, Interpretation, Ann Lewis and Silke Arnold-de Simine (eds) (2020)

Cambridge: Legenda, 254 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78188-708-0, h/bk, €85

ISBN 978-1-78188-396-9, p/bk, €12.50
Policing Intimacy
Authors: Sciuto Jenna Grace
Published: January 2022

Policing Intimacy analyzes literary depictions of sexual policing of the color line across multiple spaces with diverse colonial histories: Mississippi through William Faulkner’s work, Louisiana through Ernest Gaines’s novels, Haiti through the work of Marie Chauvet and Edwidge Danticat, and the Dominican Republic through writing by Julia Alvarez, Junot Díaz, and Nelly Rosario. This literature exposes the continuing coloniality that links depictions of U.S. democracy with Caribbean dictatorships in the twentieth century, revealing a set of interrelated features characterizing the transformation of colonial forms of racial and sexual control into neocolonial reconfigurations. Patterns are discernable, as a result of systemic inequality and large-scale historical events, revealing the ways in which private relations can reflect national occurrences and the intimate can be brought under public scrutiny. Acknowledging the widespread effects of racial and sexual policing that persist in current legal, economic, and political infrastructures across the circum-Caribbean can in turn bring to light permutations of resistance to the violent discriminations of the status quo. By drawing on colonial documents, such as early law systems like the 1685 French Code Noir instated in Haiti, the 1724 Code Noir in Louisiana, and the 1865 Black Code in Mississippi, in tandem with examples drawn from twentieth-century literature, Policing Intimacy humanizes the effects of legal histories and leaves space for local particularities. A focus on literary texts and the affordances enabled by the variances in form and aesthetics demonstrates the necessity of incorporating multiple stories, histories, and traumas into our accounts of the past.
In Search of Ancient Kings
Authors: Willson Brian , Thompson Robert Farris
Published: January 2022

This book offers a rare glimpse into the Egúngún Society of Brazil, the Yorùbá-based society of ancestor worship, venerated through invocation of ritually clothed spirits. Existing contemporaneously with the tradition of Candomblé, the work posits that the cult’s survival since slave times is a miracle of retention. Thriving initially only on the island of Itaparica, its geographical isolation enabled the society to maintain its ritual orthodoxy. Egúngún has historically been labeled masquerades, but the text argues against the use of this term. In three parts, the book first presents the author’s experiences and edited field notes from Brazil, a bold attempt to document the transmission of a West African indigenous heritage through the lens of a participant, culminating in the author’s initiation at a sanctioned temple in Rio de Janeiro. The text outlines the author’s forty-year involvement with African Diasporic religious traditions. Part two is a necessary historical overview of Egúngún in Yorùbáland and Brazil; the text compares and contrasts the society on both continents, supporting the thesis of African continuity. Part three is an historical reconstruction of Egúngún ritual lineages of Itaparica from the early 1800’s, and an interview with the author’s godfather, a high-ranking Ojé, who was initiated into Egúngún heritage through a prophetic letter from his grandfather whom he never met. The book argues for the propagation of Egúngún as a crucial element in African Diaspora spiritual practices, as perpetuated by the author’s original godmother in the US. The text contains affecting Yorùbá devotional poetry, and multiple photographs.
Potential of Islamic Insurance Market: Islamic Banking and Sukuk Sectors Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Jaenal
Published: January 2022

This paper predicts the potential of the Indonesian Islamic insurance market, approached by calculating the premium contribution from the Islamic banking and sukuk sectors. This paper aims to determine and analyze the potential development of Islamic insurance market in Indonesia, seen from total contributions from Islamic banking and sukuk sectors over the next five years. The paper uses the Box-Jenkins ARIMA method which is one of the quantitative forecasting methods. The results of this study indicate that over the next five years, the total contribution of Islamic insurance will experience positive growth and it is predicted that it will have a total contribution of IDR 11,568.40 billion in 2023 from Islamic banking and sukuk sectors with the biggest contributor from the Islamic banking sector. The ARIMA forecasting results show a positive trend in the premium contribution of the Islamic banking and sukuk sectors from year to year. Even so, the growth will experience a slowdown. The prediction of a slowdown in the two sectors in its contribution to the Islamic insurance market in Indonesia is a sign that there might be a decline in the total financing growth by Islamic banking. Likewise with the sukuk sector, both state and corporate sukuk are predicted to experience a slowdown in the growth of Islamic insurance premiums.
Closed-Loop, Cervical, Epidural Stimulation Elicits Respiratory Neuroplasticity after Spinal Cord Injury in Freely Behaving Rats
Authors: Malone Ian G. , Kelly Mia N. , Nosacka Rachel L. , Nash Marissa A. , Yue Sijia , Xue Wei , Otto Kevin J. , Dale Erica A.
Published: January 2022

Over half of all spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are cervical, which can lead to paralysis and respiratory compromise, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments to restore breathing after severe upper cervical injury are lacking; thus, it is imperative to develop therapies to address this. Epidural stimulation has successfully restored motor function after SCI for stepping, standing, reaching, grasping, and postural control. We hypothesized that closed-loop stimulation triggered via healthy hemidiaphragm EMG activity has the potential to elicit functional neuroplasticity in spinal respiratory pathways after cervical SCI (cSCI). To test this, we delivered closed-loop, electrical, epidural stimulation (CLES) at the level of the phrenic motor nucleus (C4) for 3 d after C2 hemisection (C2HS) in freely behaving rats. A 2 × 2 Latin Square experimental design incorporated two treatments, C2HS injury and CLES therapy resulting in four groups of adult, female Sprague Dawley rats: C2HS + CLES (n = 8), C2HS (n = 6), intact + CLES (n = 6), intact (n = 6). In stimulated groups, CLES was delivered for 12–20 h/d for 3 d. After C2HS, 3 d of CLES robustly facilitated the slope of stimulus-response curves of ipsilesional spinal motor evoked potentials (sMEPs) versus nonstimulated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of CLES eliciting respiratory neuroplasticity after C2HS in freely behaving animals. These findings suggest CLES as a promising future therapy to address respiratory deficiency associated with cSCI.
Kv3 Channels Contribute to the Excitability of Subpopulations of Spinal Cord Neurons in Lamina VII
Authors: Mullen Pierce N. , Pilati Nadia , Large Charles H. , Deuchars Jim , Deuchars Susan A.
Published: January 2022

Autonomic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) drive contraction of the bladder during micturition but remain quiescent during bladder filling. This quiescence is postulated to be because of recurrent inhibition of PGN by fast-firing adjoining interneurons. Here, we defined four distinct neuronal types within Lamina VII, where PGN are situated, by combining whole cell patch clamp recordings with k-means clustering of a range of electrophysiological parameters. Additional morphologic analysis separated these neuronal classes into parasympathetic preganglionic populations (PGN) and a fast-firing interneuronal population. Kv3 channels are voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) that allow fast and precise firing of neurons. We found that blockade of Kv3 channels by tetraethylammonium (TEA) reduced neuronal firing frequency and isolated high-voltage-activated Kv currents in the fast-firing population but had no effect in PGN populations. Furthermore, Kv3 blockade potentiated the local and descending inhibitory inputs to PGN indicating that Kv3-expressing inhibitory neurons are synaptically connected to PGN. Taken together, our data reveal that Kv3 channels are crucial for fast and regulated neuronal output of a defined population that may be involved in intrinsic spinal bladder circuits that underpin recurrent inhibition of PGN.
Arquitectura funeraria prehispánica en el cerro Calvario, Calca—Cusco
Authors: Camala Lizaraso Franklin , Jorge Huallpayunca Marco Antonio
Published: January 2022

La arquitectura funeraria prehispánica en el cerro Calvario, provincia de Calca, Cusco, revela una organización social, por los atributos arquitectónicos que presentan las estructuras funerarias; forma de planta, cuerpo, cubierta, tamaño, materiales, técnicas constructivas, acabados y decoraciones. Se registró un total de 182 estructuras, emplazadas en riscos, grietas y peñascos, con diferentes tipos de agrupamiento, contando hasta con 8 niveles de construcción. Estos atributos arquitectónicos presentan semejanzas y variaciones a sitios cercanos en el valle sagrado de los Incas.
Obstacles and challenges for implementing a geographical indication: the case of rennet cheese from jaguaribe-CE
Authors: Tahim Elda Fontinele
Published: January 2022

The process of implementing a Geographical Indication is slow and complex and requires an institutional arrangement formed by several institutions, which is efficient in the articulation of all actors involved and the decentralization of information, reaching/covering more than the institutions and technicians who are effectively involved in creation process. The state of Ceará has great potential to implement the Geographical Indication, as it presents differentiated products in some regions, such as rennet cheese, whose production chain is responsible for generating employment and income in the municipality of Jaguaribe. However, the GI recognition process for this product has not advanced, despite the efforts of the local agents involved. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the implementation process of the Geographical Indication of rennet cheese from Jaguaribe-CE, to determine the role of the agents involved, the obstacles and the challenges that prevent the progress of its implementation. A research of a descriptive and exploratory nature was carried out, with a qualitative approach, of the type of case study, mediated by documentary research and semi-structured interview with agents involved in the process. The results were several obstacles, among them the lack of legislation, the high cost of implementation and the lack of financing, in addition to a greater articulation of the producers and agents involved. A research of a descriptive and exploratory nature was carried out, with a qualitative approach, of the type of case study, mediated by documentary research and semi-structured interview with agents involved in the process. The results were several obstacles, among them the lack of legislation, the high cost of implementation and the lack of financing, in addition to a greater articulation of the producers and agents involved. A research of a descriptive and exploratory nature was carried out, with a qualitative approach, of the type of case study, mediated by documentary research and semi-structured interview with agents involved in the process. The results were several obstacles, among them the lack of legislation, the high cost of implementation and the lack of financing, in addition to a greater articulation of the producers and agents involved.
Safely Reducing Hospitalizations for Anaphylaxis in Children Through an Evidence-Based Guideline
Authors: Gaffney Lukas K. , Porter John , Gerling Megan , Schneider Lynda C. , Stack Anne M. , Shah Dhara , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Emergency department visits for anaphylaxis have increased considerably over the past few decades, especially among children. Despite this, anaphylaxis management remains highly variable and contributes to significant health care spending. On the basis of emerging evidence, in this quality improvement project we aimed to safely decrease hospitalization rates, increase the use of cetirizine, and decrease use of corticosteroids for children with anaphylaxis by December 31, 2019.

METHODS

A multipronged intervention strategy including a revised evidence-based guideline was implemented at a tertiary children’s teaching hospital by using the Model for Improvement. Statistical process control was used to evaluate for changes in key measures. Length of stay and unplanned return visits within 72 hours were monitored as process and balancing measures, respectively. As a national comparison, hospitalization rates were compared with other hospitals’ data from the Pediatric Health Information System.

RESULTS

Hospitalizations decreased significantly from 28.5% to 11.2% from preimplementation to implementation, and the balancing measure of 72-hour revisits was stable. The proportion of patients receiving cetirizine increased significantly from 4.2% to 59.7% and use of corticosteroids decreased significantly from 72.6% to 32.4% in patients without asthma. The proportion of patients meeting length of stay criteria increased from 53.3% to 59.9%. Hospitalization rates decreased nationally over time.

CONCLUSIONS

We reduced hospitalizations for anaphylaxis by 17.3% without concomitant increases in revisits, demonstrating that unnecessary hospitalizations can be safely avoided. The use of a local evidence-based guideline paired with close outcome monitoring and sustained messaging and feedback to clinicians can effectively improve anaphylaxis management.
Udział Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w prowadzeniu polityki zagranicznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Pawłowska Monika
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role that the president plays within the Polish foreign policy under the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This applies primarily to the legal aspect, but also to the analysis of the real-life and practical activity of persons holding this particular office. The article aims to assess how the formal possibilities of the president's actions translate into the actual performance of his functions within the analysed area. As a theoretical framework, a selection of legal acts, including the Constitution, and relevant scientific literature serve as principal sources. The analysis shows that the president's powers in the field of foreign policy are quite limited, but the Constitution provides him with a considerable scope of freedom, and the degree of its use depends to a large extent on the will and disposition of the person holding the position of the head of state.
Exploring the constraints of space in enhancing giftedness of academics and administrative staff in higher education
Authors: MAHLANGU Vimbi Petrus
Published: January 2022

This paper reports on a study that was conducted in Higher Education Institution (HEI) of Gauteng Province, South Africa. It forms part of a larger research project, which is “The dynamics of higher education space and place in Sub-Saharan Africa”. The participants were randomly selected, and they were readily available. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of 17 academics, 4 administrative staff, and 1 chair of the department, and 1 school director. This was a qualitative study that used interviews. In this paper, the perceptions discussed are those of the academics and administrative staff only. The shortage of space in South African higher education institutions is a cause for concern; daily reports appear in the written and electronic media about the shortage of lived and conceived spaces. The findings suggest that space as a constraint in the utilization of higher education spaces is of serious concern in enhancing the giftedness of academics and administrative staff in higher education spaces. And this is one of the internal factors that exacerbate the poor performance of academics and administrative staff at the university. The study recommends that there is a need to utilize space and policies effectively. A well-ordered HEI is also a less constraining environment. HEIs that experience problems of shortage of lived and conceived spaces need active academics, administrative staff, chairs of department, directors, and policies that monitor space; recommend, redress enabling measures; and oversee policy implementation.
SHIMS 3.0: Highly efficient single-haplotype iterative mapping and sequencing using ultra-long nanopore reads v2
Authors: W Bellott Daniel
Published: January 2022

The reference sequence of structurally complex regions can only be obtained through a highly accurate clone-based approach that we call Single-Haplotype Iterative Mapping and Sequencing (SHIMS). In recent years, improvements to SHIMS have reduced the cost and time required by two orders of magnitude, but internally repetitive clones still require extensive manual effort to transform draft assemblies into reference-quality finished sequences. Here we describe SHIMS 3.0, using ultra-long nanopore reads to augment the Illumina data from SHIMS 2.0 assemblies and resolve internally repetitive structures. This greatly minimizes the need for manual finishing of Illumina-based draft assemblies, allowing a small team with no prior finishing experience to sequence challenging targets with high accuracy. This protocol proceeds from clone-picking to finished assemblies in 2 weeks for about 80 dollars per clone. We recently used this protocol to produce reference sequence of structurally complex palindromes on chimpanzee and rhesus macaque X chromosomes. Our protocol provides access to structurally complex regions that would otherwise be inaccessible from whole-genome shotgun data or require an impractical amount of manual effort to generate an accurate assembly.
„Smarte“ Sensoren in der Feldebene
Authors: Glock Thomas , Hillenbrand Martin , Weiler Christoph , Hübner Michael
Published: January 2022

Zukünftige Kommunikationsnetzwerke industrieller Anlagen müssen die Anforderungen von Industrie 4.0 in der Prozessautomatisierung bewältigen. Innovative Ansätze für Kommunikation und Funktionalität können die mit I4.0 verbundenen Potenziale nur dann ausschöpfen, wenn sie einen industriell verwertbaren Mehrwert bieten. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, der einfache Sensoren und Aktoren der Feldebene um IP-Kommunikation sowie damit verknüpfte Dienste und Funktionen erweitert. Verbunden über ein industrielles Standard-IP-Netzwerk ermöglichen derartige Konstellationen zusätzliche Überwachungsfunktionen, die zu höherer Zuverlässigkeit und Verfügbarkeit der Anlagen beitragen können.
Kopplung von Energiemanagementsystemen
Authors: Skaff Ibrahim , Müller Christian , Rehkopf Andreas
Published: January 2022

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Problematik der Kopplung von Energiemanagementsystemen für verschiedene Energieerzeuger, -verbraucher und -speicher, die zu einem virtuellen Kraftwerk zusammengefasst sind. Dazu wurde ein Multilayeransatz gewählt, der zwei unterschiedliche Leitsysteme miteinander verbindet. Damit können Fahrpläne relativ ausfallsicher generiert und an die Anlagen versendet werden.
Automatische Programmierung von Verarbeitungsmaschinen
Authors: Backhaus Julian , Scheib Jochen , Pieloth Roman , Korajda Bartosz , Richter Christoph , Reinhart Gunther
Published: January 2022

Im Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur Automatisierung der Programmierung von Verarbeitungsmaschinen vorgestellt. Ziel ist die Verkürzung des Engineeringprozesses, wozu bereits auch heute vorhandene Steuerungsarchitekturen verwendet werden können. Der Schwerpunkt der Ausführungen liegt auf den digitalen Modellen der Verarbeitungsprozesse und -güter sowie auf der übergreifenden Methodik. Der Ansatz eignet sich für speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen (SPS) sowie für Robotersteuerungen und setzt für die Modellierung auf den Standard AutomationML in Kombination mit Eclipse Vorto.
Modellierung elektrischer Schnitt¬stellen und Kabel mit AutomationML
Authors: Drath Rainer , Rentschler Markus
Published: January 2022

Elektrische Verbindungen sind wesentliche Bestandteile jedes Automati­sierungssystems. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Modellierungsmethodik und erste Bibliotheken elektrischer Schnittstellen für Automatisierungs­geräte vor, die mit dieser Methodik ent­lang vorhandener Standards für elektrischer Schnitt­stellen entwickelt wurden. Diese Bibliotheken können als digitale Repräsen­ta­tionen der zugehörigen Standards verstanden werden, d.h. sie bilden die zugrundeliegenden Normen als elektronisches Datenmodell ab, eine Lösung für die künftige Einbindung von Normen und Standards in Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschalen. Die dabei entwickelte Methodik ist generisch, her­stellerneutral und kann für weitere elektri­sche Schnittstellen fortgesetzt wer­den. Interes­sen­ten sind eingeladen, die Ergeb­nisse an­zu­wenden, zu kom­men­tie­ren und zu ergänzen.
Theoretische Luftvolumenbestimmung bei der Druckprüfung von Rohrleitungen
Authors: Teschke Ulf , Teschke Willfried
Published: January 2022

Die Prüfung von Druckrohrleitungen auf Dichtheit erfolgt meist mit Wasser, da gegenüber der Prüfung mit Luft das Gefahrenpotenzial wesentlich geringer ist. Nach Füllung der Leitung mit Wasser ist immer noch etwas Luft vorhanden, die den Prüfvorgang stört. Im DVGW-Arbeitsblatt W 400-2 wird deshalb eine Druckabfallprüfung vorgeschrieben, die der Bestimmung des restlichen Luftanteils in der Rohrleitung dienen soll [2]. Eine Beziehung zur Ermittlung dieses Luftanteils wird aber im Arbeitsblatt nicht angegeben. War nun im Ergebnis einer Druckabfallprüfung zu viel Luft vorhanden, dann musste gegebenenfalls die Leitung erneut entlüftet und der Prüfvorgang wiederholt werden. Das aber ist zeitintensiv und kostenaufwendig. Im Folgenden wird daher ein Verfahren vorgestellt, den Einfluss der Luft im mathematischen Modell der Druckprüfung zu erfassen, um so den Prüfablauf zu beschleunigen und die Sicherheit der Aussage über die Dichtheit zu verbessern. Außerdem wird eine Beziehung zur Ermittlung des Energiebedarfs bei der Prüfung mit Luft oder Wasser angegeben.
Diversidade de Euglenophyceae do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Bahia, Brasil)
Authors: Ferraz Sena Camilla , Vieira Silva Kelly , Rêgo Figueiredo Jorge , Santos dos Anjos Matheus , Araújo Brandão Deivson , Amorim Rocha Mariane , Belini Nishiyama Patrí­cia , Evangelista Fraga Ricardo , De Jesus Affe Helen Michelle , Borba da Silva Márcio
Published: January 2022

A classe Euglenophyceae inclui flagelados unicelulares, autotróficos, mixotróficos e heterotróficos, com morfologia variável e ampla distribuição em ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento florí­stico de Euglenophyceae no Pantanal dos Marimbus, uma planí­cie de inundação no bioma Caatinga, localizada no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina. A região sofre inundações periódicas; as amostras foram realizadas a partir de uma grande área de lagoas interligadas durante maio e setembro de 2014, abril de 2015 e agosto de 2016, durante os perí­odos de menor precipitação antes da estação seca, quando as lagoas estavam isoladas umas das outras. Um total de 38 táxons foram identificados; 35 táxons são novas ocorrências para a Bahia, 25 para a região Nordeste e 2 para o Brasil. Os dados coletados aumentam nosso conhecimento sobre a distribuição deste grupo taxonômico nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros e mostram a considerável diversidade de microalgas no Pantanal dos Marimbus.
Heuristics and biases in law and psychology
Authors:   , Pietruszka Victoria , Heilbrun Kirk
Published: January 2022

Despite its adversarial nature, the criminal justice system employs decision-makers who must strive for impartiality to impart confidence in the process. The current study outlines the moral, legal, and ethical origins of impartiality that some actors within the criminal justice system (i.e., judges, juries, and forensic psychologists) must uphold. Despite these impartiality requirements, recent research has demonstrated that they are susceptible to heuristics and biases that may lead to systematic errors when implemented in the wake of limited information. The current study examined stereotype bias in 245 law students randomly assigned to receive racial descriptors in a series of vignettes. Results revealed a complex relationship between participants' racial identity, adversarial alignment, and group assignment on their likelihood to recommend parole revocation. This complexity was further impacted by the global Covid-19 pandemic and national awakenings to racial injustice, the implications of which are discussed.
History of women: research on the uniqual legal location of American women in modern history (XVI - XIX century)
Authors: Nguyen  Thi Bich
Published: January 2022

Today, the values of human rights, civil rights and especially the issue of gender equality (men and women equal rights) have become an urgent and decisive requirement for social progress. However, throughout the centuries, women's legal discrimination has been a historically common phenomenon on a global scale. Even in a country as proud of its democratic traditions as the United States, women are considered “second-class” citizens and their contributions seem to “disappear” in history. It was not until the 1960s - 1970s, under the influence of the Civil Rights Revolution, that the study of American women's history as an independent field attracted the attention of scholars. Within the scope of the article, the author focuses on analyzing two main issues: understanding the “second-class” status of American women in legal terms and trying to explain what causes inequality to exist. world in such a persistent way throughout the modern period (16th - 19th centuries) in the history of this country. From there, it helps readers to systematically and objectively view the efforts of American women in the struggle for their legal citizenship later.
A cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of orientation and induction programme among public health officers of a municipal corporation in North India: pre-test and post-test analysis
Authors: Gupta Sujata , Taneja Neha , Nidhi Karuna
Published: January 2022

Background: Vector borne diseases like malaria & dengue are of public concern. Public Health Officers have the job to identify and investigate health issues among people. But there is a need for induction training and re-training for ensuring adequate awareness and safe practices in health care settings. The present study was conducted to study the effect of orientation trainings on the knowledge of public health officers about the common vector borne diseases like malaria and dengue.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 22 public health officers of Municipal Corporation of North India. Pre-test and post-test questionnaire was asked related to topics such as vector borne diseases, their prevention, treatment and water related diseases. Posttest was asked after two days of induction and orientation training. The pre- and post-test scores were tabulated and statistically analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was presented in descriptive form and statistical significance of difference (taken as p-value <0.05) was calculated using paired t test.Results: The present study reported that the orientation programme conducted was highly informative to the medical officers. Study showed that post-test response was higher as compared with pre-test response and this difference was found statistically significant (p<0.002).Conclusions: Informative trainings are helpful to increase knowledge and giving information about the recent changes in the health programme to public medical officer who are particularly working in the community setting.
The Far East during the Great Russian Revolution (1917—1922)
Authors: Shabelnikova Natalia
Published: January 2022

The publication is devoted to the history of the Far East during the Great Russian Revolution (1917—1922). Attention is drawn to the fact that in the period from February to October 1917, dual power arose in the Far East — a kind of form of social compromise. The path to power of the Soviets went through one of the most difficult and tragic periods in the history of Russia — the period of the Civil War, which, according to the modern historical and cultural standard, is considered as part of the Great Russian Revolution. During the Civil War, various political forces launched a struggle for the implementation of their own model of the state structure of Russia. This period is characterized by almost complete disintegration of the state, mass destruction and casualties, a sharp weakening of the country's international position. This state of affairs was taken advantage of by external enemies (and former allies) of Russia. Intervention during the Civil War had a significant impact on its course, duration and fierceness. This process was attended by 14 foreign countries, including such as England, the USA, Japan, France. It is emphasized that Japan played the greatest role in the intervention in the region. The features of the partisan movement, the role of the buffer state — the Far Eastern Republic (FDA) in the victory over the interventionists and representatives of the white movement are considered.
The Far East in the 19th Century
Authors: Anisimov Aleksander
Published: January 2022

The 19th century is perhaps the most fateful period in the history of the Asian part of the Russian state. It was by the end of this century that the development and consolidation of Siberia required the separation of a separate part from it — the Far East. During the same period, we can talk about the design of the so-called Far Eastern policy of Russia, which manifested itself in the expansion of the territory of the state, the definition and strengthening of its eastern borders; the acquisition of access to Asian markets; settlement and involvement in the turnover of land suitable for agriculture and industrial development, etc. The growing importance of the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire led to the incessant development of the administrative management system, the gradual inclusion of acquired territories in the all-Russian economic, political, legal and cultural space.
The Era of Endless Repatriation: Respectful Relationality and the Reconfiguration of Colonial Authority
Authors: Weiss Joseph
Published: January 2022

Originally given in the form of two lectures at the Musée du quai Branly, this essay explores the often fraught politica of repatriation in a Canadian context. It suggests that we have moved into an era in which repatriation, understood in this alternate sense as the decentring of settler museum authority and the recognition of Indigenous sovereign rights, is simply unavoidable. This is not just about a “reckoning” with prior histories of colonial appropriation. Rather, it is a recognition of the fact that the structures of settler colonialism themselves are shifting (cf: Kauanui 2016), and museums in such contexts will need to engage with the idea of repatriation as such, as a social phenomenon that entails transformation over the longue durée instead of a set of individual, case by case incidents. Drawing on the author’s experiences as an anthropologist and a curator working with Indigenous Nations on the Northwest Coast of what is now called Canada, the essay ultimately argues that museums will arrive at stronger, more productive relationships with First Peoples by accepting the ongoing reality of repatriations. Indeed, it suggests that it is only through collaboration that genuinely decentres museum authority and foregrounds Indigenous sovereignty that museums will be able to develop genuinely future-oriented and responsible practices.
La fabrique séculière du droit musulman : Vers une anthropologie politique de la religion
Authors: Landry Jean-Michel
Published: January 2022

Fatima Hamza, citoyenne libanaise, fut incarcérée en novembre 2016 pour ne pas avoir voulu céder la garde de son jeune fils à son ex-mari. Sa condamnation faisant suite à la décision d’un tribunal de la charia, on y a vu une preuve supplémentaire des injustices qu’entraîne l’exercice du droit musulman. Mais en retraçant le parcours de mobilisations récentes visant à modifier les lois encadrant la garde des enfants, une autre analyse se fait jour. On constate que l’État libanais participe activement à l’élaboration des lois dites « religieuses » appliquées dans ses tribunaux de la charia. On remarque également qu’on ne peut comprendre la pratique contemporaine du droit familial musulman qu’à condition de s’attarder également à la manière dont les États séculiers façonnent ce qu’ils désignent comme religieux.
Przewrotność dźwięku i fotografii pośród nieuniknionego odwetu: „Pan Zemsta” i „Pani Zemsta” Chan-wook Parka
Authors: Pękala Iga
Published: January 2022

The article presents an analysis of two ﬁlms by Chan-wook Park in the context of the so-called sensual key, as well as in the light of selected categories, such as: acoustic space, colour, and the meaning of photography. The ﬁlms mentioned are linked by the subject of retaliation, the coexistence of works as part of the “revenge trilogy”, as well as the formal layer — also in the sens e of auteur cinema. Another component of the text is the consideration of the inﬂuence of the means of cinematic expression on the viewer, as well as the correlation of the sound layer with the image layer.