bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Følelser og altruisme
Authors: Jensen Niels Rosendal
Published: May 2022

This article is an interpretative study of residential homes as family-like environments for children and youth. Originally, the data were collected to fulfill other purposes than the crucial point here. Thus, they are reinterpreted from the viewpoint of emotions. Utilizing Goffman’s famous concept ‘asylum’ and social pedagogic analytics, the article presents and assesses residential home architecture, material and cultural structure as oppressive and emancipating means to help and support children and youth. In particular, the article scrutinizes the emotional challenges faced by ‘inmates’ and professionals. The conclusion focuses on various patterns of behavior derived from ‘the account of emotions’.
Kontextuell professionalisering
Authors: Svensson Kerstin , Svensson Lennart G.
Published: May 2022

The article shows how to study the growth, development and transformation of professionals in social contexts. It is based on results from a project in two parts: one historical and one contemporary. The method is comparative case studies, which aims to find common and different processes, forces and mechanisms. The concept of the professional landscape seeks to capture the professional layer as a whole and place it in social contexts. This landscape is shaped by professional fields of expertise. We focus on the fields: academia, education, social regulation, social integration, medicine, technology and economics. Within each field, we study three generations of professions: classic, welfare- and pre-professions.
Omkostningsbevidsthed i socialt arbejde
Authors: Bukh Per Nikolaj , Christensen Karina Skovvang , Svanholt Anne Kirstine
Published: May 2022

This article examines how managers in a municipal social service department use and interpret accounting information and make sense of changes in social work when new methods of cost control, and consequently a need for a more cost-conscious behavior, are introduced. Previous studies have shown that the extent to which accounting information has been embraced by professionals is mixed. Based on a case study where top management, middle management, and staff specialists at a medium-sized Danish municipality are interviewed, it is shown that accounting information can link cost-consciousness with social work practices. The study shows how managers can influence how professionals interpret and use accounting information. Further, the study shows how cost-consciousness can be integrated with social work practices in order to reduce costs and improve the quality of the services. In addition, the study shows how management interpret accounting information as a contribution to the professionalization of social work, and that managers’ sensemaking and sensegiving processes are important in reducing resistance when professionals are introduced to new forms of accounting information.
Etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft
Authors: Skauge Tom
Published: May 2022

Har norsk økonomiutdanning fått et paradigmeskift med nye fag for etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft? Faglig innovasjon for bærekraftsmål ved 15 institusjoner for økonomi og administrasjon i Norge kan tyde på det. Universitets- og høgskolerådets strategiske enhet for økonomi og administrasjon (UHR-ØA) i Norge gav i 2018 anbefaling om ny faglig satsing på etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft. Det var første gang på lang tid at bachelorstudiets faglige søyler ble utvidet fra de fire disiplinene: Bedriftsøkonomi, samfunnsøkonomi, administrasjonsfag og metodefag. En ny faglig stolpe ble etablert: Etikk, samfunnsansvar og bærekraft (ESAB). Alle 15 institusjoner som utdanner kandidater i Norge innen økonomi og administrasjon i Norge ble anmodet om å innføre kurs på 7.5 – 15 studiepoeng dedikert til ESAB-fag. Artikkelen baserer seg på tekst og kvantitative data fra institusjonsundersøkelser fra 2012, 2017 og 2020 om hvordan norske institusjoner «bottom up» har endret sine fagporteføljer og kurs for å bidra til ansvarlig utdanning. Artikkelen viser også effekter av «top down» anbefalinger om gi alle studenter ESAB-undervisning fra UHR-ØA. Data og problemstilling er drøftet med Frank Geels’ multi-level perspective, Andrew Abbots begrep om profesjonell kunnskap og jurisdiksjon og elementer fra institusjonsteori.
Good Faith Collaboration
Authors: Reagle Joseph
Published: May 2022

How Wikipedia collaboration addresses the challenges of openness, consensus, and leadership in a historical pursuit for a universal encyclopedia.

Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is built by a community—a community of Wikipedians who are expected to “assume good faith” when interacting with one another. In Good Faith Collaboration, Joseph Reagle examines this unique collaborative culture.

Wikipedia, says Reagle, is not the first effort to create a freely shared, universal encyclopedia; its early twentieth-century ancestors include Paul Otlet's Universal Repository and H. G. Wells's proposal for a World Brain. Both these projects, like Wikipedia, were fuelled by new technology—which at the time included index cards and microfilm. What distinguishes Wikipedia from these and other more recent ventures is Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture, as seen not only in the writing and editing of articles but also in their discussion pages and edit histories. Keeping an open perspective on both knowledge claims and other contributors, Reagle argues, creates an extraordinary collaborative potential.

Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been imitated, analyzed, and satirized. Despite the social unease over its implications for individual autonomy, institutional authority, and the character (and quality) of cultural products, Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the century-old pursuit of a universal encyclopedia.
Boosting
Authors: Schapire Robert E. , Freund Yoav
Published: May 2022

An accessible introduction and essential reference for an approach to machine learning that creates highly accurate prediction rules by combining many weak and inaccurate ones.

Boosting is an approach to machine learning based on the idea of creating a highly accurate predictor by combining many weak and inaccurate “rules of thumb.” A remarkably rich theory has evolved around boosting, with connections to a range of topics, including statistics, game theory, convex optimization, and information geometry. Boosting algorithms have also enjoyed practical success in such fields as biology, vision, and speech processing. At various times in its history, boosting has been perceived as mysterious, controversial, even paradoxical.

This book, written by the inventors of the method, brings together, organizes, simplifies, and substantially extends two decades of research on boosting, presenting both theory and applications in a way that is accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds while also providing an authoritative reference for advanced researchers. With its introductory treatment of all material and its inclusion of exercises in every chapter, the book is appropriate for course use as well.

The book begins with a general introduction to machine learning algorithms and their analysis; then explores the core theory of boosting, especially its ability to generalize; examines some of the myriad other theoretical viewpoints that help to explain and understand boosting; provides practical extensions of boosting for more complex learning problems; and finally presents a number of advanced theoretical topics. Numerous applications and practical illustrations are offered throughout.
10 PRINT CHR$(205.5+RND(1)); : GOTO 10
Authors: Montfort Nick , Baudoin Patsy , Bell John , Bogost Ian , Douglass Jeremy , Marino Mark C. , Mateas Michael , Reas Casey , Sample Mark , Vawter Noah
Published: May 2022

A single line of code offers a way to understand the cultural context of computing.

This book takes a single line of code—the extremely concise BASIC program for the Commodore 64 inscribed in the title—and uses it as a lens through which to consider the phenomenon of creative computing and the way computer programs exist in culture. The authors of this collaboratively written book treat code not as merely functional but as a text—in the case of 10 PRINT, a text that appeared in many different printed sources—that yields a story about its making, its purpose, its assumptions, and more. They consider randomness and regularity in computing and art, the maze in culture, the popular BASIC programming language, and the highly influential Commodore 64 computer.
Dramatic impact of future climate change on the genetic diversity and distribution of ecologically relevant Western Mediterranean Carex (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Benítez-Benítez Carmen , Sanz-Arnal María , Urbani Malvina , Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Martín-Bravo Santiago
Published: May 2022

Anticipating the evolutionary responses of species to ongoing climate change is essential to propose effective management and conservation measures. The Western Mediterranean Basin constitutes one of the hotspots of biodiversity where the effects of climate change are expected to be more dramatic. Plant species with ecological relevance constitute ideal models to evaluate and predict the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Here we investigate these impacts through the spatio-temporal comparison of genetic diversity/structure (AFLPs), potential distribution under different future scenarios of climate change, and ecological space in two Western Mediterranean sister species of genus Carex. Both species are ecologically key in their riparian habitats, but display contrasting distribution patterns, with one widespread in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (C. reuteriana), while the other (C. panormitana) is a restricted, probably endangered, Central Mediterranean endemic. At present, we found a strong genetic structure driven by geography in both species, and lower values of genetic diversity and a narrower ecological space in C. panormitana than in C. reuteriana, while the allelic rarity was higher in the former than in C. reuteriana subspecies. Future projections predict an overall dramatic reduction of suitable areas for both species under all climate change scenarios, which could be almost total for C. panormitana. In addition, gene diversity was inferred to decrease in all taxa, with genetic structure reinforcing in C. reuteriana by the loss of admixture among populations. Our findings stress the need for a reassessment of C. panormitana conservation status under IUCN Red List criteria and the implementation of conservation measures.
Goal adjustment and well-being after an acquired brain injury: the role of cognitive flexibility and personality traits
Authors: Van Bost Gunther , Van Damme Stefaan , Crombez Geert
Published: May 2022

Objective

The tendency to flexibly adjust goals that are hindered by chronic illness is related to indicators of wellbeing. However, cognitive flexibility is often impaired in persons with an acquired brain injury (ABI), possibly affecting the ability to flexibly adjust goals. In this study we examined whether cognitive flexibility is positively related with the ability to disengage from goals to reengage with goals in persons with ABI. Second, we explored whether goal adjustment abilities are predictive of a unique proportion of the variance inabilities are predictive of quality of life and life satisfaction after controlling for personality traits.

Method

Seventy-eight persons with an ABI completed a set of questionnaires. Goal disengagement and goal reengagement were assessed using the Wrosch Goal Adjustment Scale (GAS). Indicators of wellbeing were measured with the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The percentage of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used as an indicator of cognitive inflexibility. Big Five personality traits were assessed via the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Four hierarchical multiple regression analyses were then conducted. The first two analyses tested the effect of cognitive flexibility on goal adjustment tendencies. The second two analyses tested whether goal adjustment has a predictive value for life satisfaction and QOL beyond personality.

Results

Cognitive flexibility was positively related to goal reengagement, but not to goal disengagement. Goal reengagement was positively associated with both quality of life and life satisfaction after controlling for demographic, illness characteristics and personality factors. Goal disengagement was negatively related to life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Flexible goal adjustment abilities have a unique explanatory value for indicators of wellbeing, beyond personality traits. The findings indicate that in persons with lower cognitive flexibility, goal reengagement ability might be negatively affected, and should be taking into account during rehabilitation.
Seamens’ Sign: a novel electrocardiogram prediction tool for left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Walker Philip , Jenkins Cathy A. , Hatcher Jeremy , Freeman Clifford , Srica Nickolas , Rosell Bryant , Hanna Eriny , March Cooper , Seamens Charles , Storrow Alan , McCoin Nicole
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosed by electrocardiogram (ECG) have increased mortality and higher risk for life-threatening cardiovascular disease. ECGs offer an opportunity to identify patients with increased risk for potential risk-modifying therapy. We developed a novel, quick, easy to use ECG screening criterion (Seamens’ Sign) for LVH. This new criterion was defined as the presence of QRS complexes touching or overlapping in two contiguous precordial leads.

Methods

This study was a retrospective chart review of 2,184 patient records of patients who had an ECG performed in the emergency department and a transthoracic echocardiogram performed within 90 days. The primary outcome was whether Seamens’ Sign was noninferior in confirming LVH compared to other common diagnostic criteria. Test characteristics were calculated for each of the LVH criteria. Inter-rater agreement was assessed on a random sample using Cohen’s Kappa.

Results

Median age was 63, 52% of patients were male and there was a 35% prevalence of LVH by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Nine percent were positive for LVH on ECG based on Seamens’ Sign. Seamens’ Sign had a specificity of 0.92. Tests assessing noninferiority indicated Seamens’ Sign was non-inferior to all criteria (p < 0.001) except for Cornell criterion for women (p = 0.98). Seamens’ Sign had 90% (0.81–1.00) inter-rater agreement, the highest of all criteria in this study.

Conclusion

When compared to both the Sokolow-Lyon criteria and the Cornell criterion for men, Seamens’ Sign is noninferior in ruling in LVH on ECG. Additionally, Seamens’ Sign has higher inter-rater agreement compared to both Sokolow-Lyon criteria as well as the Cornell criteria for men and women, perhaps related to its ease of use.
Refining Location-Aided Routing (LAR) through Proactive Algorithm
Authors: Ichaba Mutuma , Musau Felix
Published: May 2022

One of the weaknesses in Location-Aided Routing (LAR) is the delay due to partial flooding of data packets throughout the ad hoc network during route discovery. Systematic literature review indicates that very little or no studies conducted to seek a solution to this routing weakness in LAR. This study proposes introduction of periodic updates of location information among the nodes as a solution to minimizing latency. Proactive-LAR (P-LAR) eliminates partial flooding, thus reducing latency while advancing routing performance of traditional LAR. As a research scope, this study uses Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time of Arrival (ToA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) and the expected distance of nodes and the direction of movement as the only location information details. Moreover, the simulation on OMNET ++ is limited to the initial expected zone of LAR Scheme 1. Simulation of the modified LAR Scheme 1 algorithm indicates that inclusion of proactivity as an algorithmic aspect of LAR augments general data packets throughput, latency, packets delivery ratio while minimizing the number of packets dropped. Nodes mobility in simulation was considered stationary. The simulation results—as analyzed through RapidMiner, suggest that proactive algorithmic element in LAR routing algorithm can potentially minimize partial flooding thus improving routing performance while minimizing routing overheads such as jitter and delay.
DISCURSO ACADÉMICO DE LANZAMIENTO DE LA REVISTA CHILENA DE DERECHO Y CIENCIA POLÍTICA
Authors: Carvajal Patricio - Ignacio
Published: May 2022

Me complace enormemente la invitación que se me ha cursado para dirigir algunaspalabras en el lanzamiento de esta Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política.Me honra el hecho de que me hayan tenido Uds. en consideración para este actoacadémico y, por supuesto, también que me hayan incorporado al elenco de especialistasde su Comité Científi co Externo. Por ello, comienzo por expresar mi sinceroagradecimiento.
La estructura de competencia partidaria Argentina: análisis y evaluación de la imagen analítica de la «territorialización» del sistema de partidos
Authors: Varetto Carlos , Navarro Mario
Published: May 2022

Este ensayo analiza la tesis de la “territorialización” de la política en Argentina a través del examen detallado de una de sus principales hipótesis: la imagen de una fragmentación partidaria regionalmente desequilibrada. Establecidas las principales apuestas empíricas de la tesis de la FRD -fragmentación regionalmente desequilibrada-, se procede a examinar su validez empírica y se concluye que la hipótesis de la “territorialización” tiene sólo un apoyo parcial en los datos. Se finaliza interpretando estos resultados como la necesidad de explorar más detenidamente una previa imagen del funcionamiento del sistema de partidos del país, imagen aquí denominada “clásica”.
The Law of International Organisations: «Internal» or «International»? A Critical Analysis of the Relevant Practice of the United Nations Codification Organs
Authors: Mejía-Lemos Diego
Published: May 2022

The main claims of this paper are that the law of international organisations should be regarded as internal in nature and that, in this re-gard, the use of «rules of the organisation» instead of «internal law of the international organisation» by United Nations codification organs does not address the problems that the latter apparently raises and is not based on solid grounds. In particular, the characterisation of the law of international organisations as «internal» can be understood as a corollary of internatio-nal organisations’ legal personality under international law, without preju-dice to the international nature of some of the instruments which contain «rules of the organisation». Indeed, the law of international organisations should be considered to be «internal law», for it applies only to member states qua members, autonomously from the application of «international law», which applies to them qua states parties to a treaty or bound by a custom or principle. Lastly, the characterisation of the law of an internatio-nal organisation, including its «rules», as «internal law» has practical legal consequences, for, as «internal law», no rule of the organisation could be a special rule of international law derogating from the law of treaties or the law of international responsibility.
Participación ciudadana a nivel local: plebiscitos comunales y elección directa de consejeros regionales
Authors: Silva Jiménez Ana María
Published: May 2022

La sociedad demanda cada vez más espacios de participación, ydonde mejor pueden darse es en el ámbito local y regional. Por ello, este trabajo es una revisión de la legislación sobre participación ciudadana, a saber,los plebiscitos comunales y la elección directa de los Consejeros Regionales.
Entre el ecocentrismo y el pragmatismo ambiental: Consideraciones inductivas sobre desarrollo, extractivismo y los derechos de la naturaleza en Bolivia y Ecuador
Authors: Lalander Rickard
Published: May 2022

La conceptualización indígena del Sumak Kawsay sobre los sereshumanos en armonía entre sí y con el medio ambiente es el marco principalde las nuevas constituciones de Ecuador y Bolivia. Estas reformas constitucionalesincluyen un fortalecimiento de los derechos propios de la naturalezae igualmente de los derechos de los pueblos étnicamente definidos. Noobstante, las mismas constituciones también otorgan al Estado el derechode explotar y comercializar los recursos naturales y el extractivismo ha aceleradoluego de la aprobación de estas constituciones radicales. Este artículoexamina las tensiones entre políticas de bienestar social, extractivismo ylos derechos de la naturaleza y los pueblos indígenas en los nuevos contextos constitucionales de Bolivia y, principalmente, Ecuador. ¿Sería posiblejustificar la extracción de recursos naturales para la provisión de políticas progresistas de bienestar y todavía respetar los derechos constitucionalesde la naturaleza? Se arguye, por un lado, que la filosofía de Sumak Kawsaydesafía a las comprensiones dominantes sobre los conceptos de bienestar,bien común y desarrollo, y, por otro lado, que los gobiernos nacionales delas dos naciones han aplicado una aproximación pragmática y antropocéntricahacia los derechos constitucionales de la naturaleza en relación a otrosvalores humanos.
Banco Central de Brasil: ¿Público o privado? Reflexiones sobre la ambivalencia del Banco Central de Brasil y sobre el amparo legal de la emisión de moneda
Authors: Moraes Thiago Perez Bernardes de
Published: May 2022

El Banco Central de Brasil es una autarquía del gobierno federalque detiene el monopolio de la emisión de moneda. En la mayoría de los paísesdesarrollados el banco central es de propiedad privada. Pero, en Brasily en otros países con desarrollo tardío, el banco central es público. Ocurresin embargo, que los bancos centrales públicos operan prácticamente delmismo modo que los privados, especialmente en relación a la emisión de moneda que, por medio de artificios legales, es un monopolio privado encasi todo el mundo. Ese trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar esa dicotomíapúblico/ privado, a partir del análisis del amparo legal de la emisión de monedaen Brasil. En este punto concluimos que hay evidencias que apuntanque el grado de independencia que el Banco Central de Brasil ha adquiridoguarda relación con presiones ganadas por elites económicas (que se beneficiande los títulos de deuda pública), sobre elites políticas.
Compensación económica para el cónyuge o conviviente civil: Una mirada desde el análisis económico del derecho
Authors: Palavecino Cáceres Adriana
Published: May 2022

El análisis económico del derecho (AED) constituye una metodología que aplica a cuestiones de carácter jurídico, principios y conceptos de orden económico. Es una perspectiva de análisis de las instituciones jurídicas partiendo del supuesto que éstas tienen un carácter teleológico, están al servicio de los particulares, por lo tanto, su diseño, interpretación y aplicación, deben hacerse tratando de potenciar el bienestar de la sociedad en su conjunto. La compensación económica es una figura reciente en el Derecho de Familia chileno, la doctrina nacional le ha dado diversa calificación jurídica y todavía es objeto de análisis dogmático, por ello, estimamos que puede resultar interesante una aproximación desde la perspectiva del análisis económico del Derecho, intentando responder a las interrogantes típicas de este enfoque, a saber, ¿Si es eficiente la asignación de recursos o responsabilidades en su regulación por la ley de matrimonio civil? O en otras palabras, ¿Si la regulación de esta figura en favor del cónyuge más débil generará mayor satisfacción individual y social?
El procedimiento monitorio civil en la Reforma Procesal Civil: ¿Puro o documental?
Authors: Delgado Castro Jordi
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo trata acerca de la definición del modelo deprocedimiento monitorio civil en Chile. El legislador ha terminado confundiendoel procedimiento monitorio puro y el documental y su establecimiento,lejos de resultar una opción baladí, ha de determinar un funcionamientodiferente en cada caso. Nuestros jueces civiles deben tener claridad, paraevitar que se pierda el objetivo principal, cual es la obtención de un títuloejecutivo en el menor tiempo posible.
Paz en La Araucanía: Observaciones a su diagnóstico y propuesta
Authors: Painecura Medina Lincoyan
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo es un análisis teórico del diagnóstico y propuestade Paz en la Araucanía, movimiento creado entre los agricultores ytrasportistas que sufren violencia en el denominado conflicto mapuche, acausa de la tenencia legal de terrenos en conflicto. Los propietarios legalesdicen no ser un actor del conflicto, pero sí víctimas de la situación inconclusaentre el Estado y las comunidades mapuche. Señalan que una minoríamapuche ejerce el terrorismo en la Región de la Araucanía y que el Estadono ha sido capaz de aplicar las respectivas sanciones. Sin embargo, éstos noidentifican una causa histórica de esta situación, entregando una explicaciónracializada de la violencia en el conflicto y no asumiéndose como un actordentro de éste. Para demostrar lo anterior, este artículo problematiza sobreel concepto de paz en base a la discusión entre Johan Galtung y Kenneth E.Boulding, sistematiza el discurso de Paz en la Araucanía y lo estudia en relacióna los conceptos teóricos mencionados en su discurso. Los resultadosapuntan a que los propietarios ofrecen una propuesta minimalista de paz,enfocada en el concepto de paz negativa, sin buscar una solución definitivaal conflicto e invalidando la demanda mapuche.
Modified Camel Algorithm for Optimizing Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Utama Dana Marsetiya , Safitri Wa Ode Nadhilah , Garside Annisa Kesy
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the issue of fuel depletion has become a significant problem in the world. The logistics sector is one of the sectors with an increase in fuel consumption. Therefore, route optimization is one of the attempts to solve the problem of minimization fuel consumption. In addition, this problem generally also has time windows. This study aimed to solve the Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (GVRPTW) using the Camel Algorithm (CA). The objective function in this problem was to minimize the total cost of distribution, which involves the cost of fuel consumption and the cost of late delivery. The CA parameter experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the parameter on distribution cost and the computation time. In addition, this study also compared the CA algorithm's performance with the Local search algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Ant Colony Optimization. Results of this study indicated that the use of Camel population parameters and the total journey step affected the quality of the solution. Furthermore, the research results showed that the proposed algorithm had provided a better total distribution cost than the comparison algorithm.
Carrier‐Transport Mechanism in Organic Antiambipolar Transistors Unveiled by Operando Photoemission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hayakawa Ryoma , Takeiri Soichiro , Yamada Yoichi , Wakayama Yutaka , Fukumoto Keiki
Published: May 2022

Organic antiambipolar transistors (AATs) have partially overlapped p–n junctions. At room temperature, this p–n junction induces a negative differential transconductance in an AAT. However, the detailed carrier‐transport mechanism remains unclear. Herein, an operando photoemission electron microscopy is used to tackle this issue owing to the technique's ability to visualize conductive electrons in real time during transistor operation. Notably, it is observed that when the AAT is on, a depletion layer forms at the lateral p–n junction. The visualized depletion layer shows that both p‐ and n‐type channels have pinch‐off states in the gate voltage range when the AAT is in on state. The steep potential gradient at the lateral p–n interface enhances the electron conduction from n‐type to p‐type semiconductor. Another significant finding is that most electrons are considered to recombine with the accumulated holes in the p‐type semiconductor, affording the reduction of photoemission intensity by ≈80%. This technique provides a thorough understanding of carrier transport in AATs, further improving the device performance.
Nonminimal Derivative Couplings and Inflation in Generalized Theories of Gravity
Authors: Capozziello S. , Lambiase G. , Schmidt H.‐J.
Published: May 2022

We study extended theories of gravity where nonminimal derivative couplings of the form Rklϕ,kϕ,l are present in the Lagrangian. We show how and why the other couplings of similar structure may be ruled out and then deduce the field equations and the related cosmological models. Finally, we get inflationary solutions which do follow neither from any effective scalar field potential nor from a cosmological constant introduced “by hand”, and we show the de Sitter space‐time to be an attractor solution.
Insulating state in open quantum dots and quantum dot arrays
Authors: Ge F. , Prasad C. , Andresen A. , Bird J.P. , Ferry D.K. , Lin L.‐H. , Aoki N. , Nakao K. , Ochiai Y. , Ishibashi K. , Aoyagi Y. , Sugano T.
Published: May 2022

We describe the observation of novel localization in mesoscopic quantum dots and quantum dot arrays, which are realized in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions using the split‐gate technique. With a sufficient gate voltage applied to form the devices, their resistance diverges as the temperature is lowered below a degree Kelvin, behavior which we attribute to localization. Evidence for the localization is found over the entire range of gate voltage for which the dots are defined, persisting to conductances higher than 50e2/h.
Path integral quantization of the Poisson‐Sigma model
Authors: Hirshfeld Allen C. , Schwarzweller Thomas
Published: May 2022

We apply the antifield quantization method of Batalin and Vilkovisky to the calculation of the path integral for the Poisson‐Sigma model in a general gauge. For a linear Poisson structure the model reduces to a nonabelian gauge theory, and we obtain the formula for the partition function of two‐dimensional Yang‐Mills theory for closed oriented two‐dimensional manifolds.
Path integral treatment for relativistic particles in external fields and quantized plane wave
Authors: Bentag B. , Boudjedaa T. , Chetouani L.
Published: May 2022

The dynamics of relativistic particles of spin 0 and 1/2, interacting with an external electromagnetic field and a quantized plane wave, is studied using the path integral framework. We take advantage of the existing properties of the interaction to introduce a delta functional in order to calculate Green's functions. This simply reduces the problem to two coupled oscillators. The energy spectrum and wave functions are calculated for the spin 0 case and the analogy with Jaynes‐Cummings model is made to derive the energy spectrum for the spin 1/2 case.
Nonlinear σ model treatment of quantum antiferromagnets in a magnetic field
Authors: Normand B. , Kyriakidis Jordan , Loss Daniel
Published: May 2022

We present a theoretical analysis of the properties of low‐dimensional quantum antiferromagnets in applied magnetic fields. In a nonlinear σ model description, we use a spin stiffness analysis, a 1/N expansion, and a renormalization group approach to describe the broken‐symmetry regimes of finite magnetization, and, in cases of most interest, a low‐field regime where symmetry is restored by quantum fluctuations. We compute the magnetization, critical fields, spin correlation functions, and decay exponents accessible by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The model is relevant to many systems exhibiting Haldane physics, and provides good agreement with data for the two‐chain spin ladder compound CuHpCl.
Quantum Fields in Accelerated Frames
Authors: Narozhny N. , Fedotov A. , Karnakov B. , Mur V. , Belinskii V.
Published: May 2022

We have considered quantization of free massive scalar field in Minkowski and Rindler spacetimes both in canonical and algebraic approaches. It is shown that general principles of quantum field theory do not give any grounds for existence of the Unruh effect.
Dilatonic formulation for conducting cosmic string models
Authors: Carter B.
Published: May 2022

It can be shown how the the introduction of a suitably defined dilatonic auxiliary field, Φ say, makes it possible for the non‐linear Lagrangian for a generic elastic string model, of the kind appropriate for representing superconducting cosmic strings, to be converted into a standardised form as the sum of a kinetic term that is just homogeneously quadratic in the relevant scalar phase gradient (as in a simple linear model) together with a potential energy term, V say, that is specified as a generically non‐linear function of Φ. The explicit form of this function is derived for various noteworthy examples, of which the most memorable is that of the transonic string model, as characterised by a given mass scale, m say, for which this potential energy density will be expressible in terms of the zero current limit value Φ0 of Φ by
The null condition and asymptotic expansions for the Einstein equations
Authors: Choquet‐Bruhat Y.
Published: May 2022

The global existence of solutions of non linear wave equations on the Minkowski spacetime of dimension 4 is linked with the non linearities satisfying the “null condition” discovered by Klainerman and Christodoulou. This null condition also improves local existence results, lowering the sufficient regularity of the Cauchy data. The non linear stability of the Minkowski spacetime among solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations relies on estimates for the Weyl tensor probably linked with some kind of null condition. It had been proved long ago that the significant part of an high frequency gravitational wave in General Relativity obeys a transport law along the rays which is linear, but inflicts a “back reaction” on the background metric. These two properties reflect the fact that the Einstein equations satisfy almost, but not quite, a “polarized” null condition. We will explicit this result, also for associated field equations, and explain its relation with the properties of high frequency waves.
Infinities in Quantum Gravities
Authors: Deser S.
Published: May 2022

We first present a review, intended for classical relativists, of the ultraviolet difficulties faced by local quantum gravity theories in both the usual Einstein versions and in their supergravity extensions, at least perturbatively. These problems, present in arbitrary dimensions, are traceable to the dimensionality of the Einstein constant.We then summarize very recent results about supergravity at the highest allowed dimension, D = 11, showing that also this unique model suffers from infinities already at 2 loops, despite its high degree of supersymmetry. The conclusion is that there is no viable nonghost quantum field model that includes general relativity.
Calculating asymptotic quantities near space‐like and null infinity from Cauchy data
Authors: Friedrich H. , Kánnár J.
Published: May 2022

Following [12], we discuss how asymptotic quantities, originally introduced on null infinity in terms of Bondi‐type gauge conditions, can be calculated near space‐like infinity to any desired precision.
Giant Arc Statistics and Cosmological Parameters
Authors: Kaufmann R. , Straumann N.
Published: May 2022

We study with semi‐analytical methods the statistics of pronounced arcs caused by lensing of galaxies by foreground galaxy clusters. For the number density and redshift distribution of rich clusters we use Press‐Schechter theory, normalized on the basis of empirical data. For the background sources we make use of observational results in the Hubble Deep Field. We present results for three different lens models, in particular for the universal profile suggested by Navarro, Frenk and White. Our primary concern is the dependence of the expected statistics on the cosmological parameters, ΩM, ΩΛ. The theoretical estimates are compared with the cluster arcs survey EMSS, and the resulting constraints in the Ω‐plane are presented. In spite of considerable theoretical an observational uncertainties a low‐density universe is favored. Degeneracy curves for the optical depth and likelihood regions for the arc statistics in the Ω‐plane depend only weakly on the cosmological constant.
Schwarzschild black hole quantum statistics from Z(2) orientation degrees of freedom and its relations to Ising droplet nucleation
Authors: Kastrup H.A.
Published: May 2022

Generalizing previous quantum gravity results for Schwarzschild black holes from 4 to D ≥ 4 space‐time dimensions yields an energy spectrum En = α n(D—3)/(D—2) EP,D n = 1, 2, …, α = O(1), where EP,D is the Planck energy in that space‐time. This energy spectrum means that the quantized area AD—2(n) of the D — 2 dimensional horizon has universally the form AD—2 = n aD—2, where aD—2 is essentially the (D — 2)th power of the Planck length in D dimensions. Assuming that the basic area quantum has a Z(2)‐degeneracy according to its two possible orientation degrees of freedom implies a degeneracy dn = 2n for the n‐th level. The energy spectrum with such a degeneracy leads to a quantum canonical partition function which is the same as the classical grand canonical potential of a primitive Ising droplet nucleation model for 1st‐order phase transitions in D — 2 spatial dimensions. The analogy to this model suggests that En represents the surface energy of a “bubble” of n horizon area quanta. Exploiting the well‐known properties of the so‐called critical droplets of that model immediately leads to the Hawking temperature and the Bekenstein‐Hawking entropy of Schwarzschild black holes. The values of temperature and entropy appear closely related to the imaginary part of the partition function which describes metastable states.
Higgs mass as a signature of chaos in YMH system
Authors: Dobrowolski T. , Szczȩsny J.
Published: May 2022

Sector of the Yang‐Mills‐Higgs (YMH) system containing spherically symmetric solutions is considered. It is found in the framework of the geodesic deviation equation that Higgs mass is a natural indicator of the presence of the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in the model.
Nonlinear dynamics in a high‐gain amplifier: the dc SQUID
Authors: Bulsara A.R. , Wiesenfeld K. , Inchiosa M.E.
Published: May 2022

We study the detection of very weak time‐periodic magnetic signals via a double‐junction (dc) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). The device, represented by two coupled nonlinear differential equations for the quantum mechanical junction phase differences, admits long‐time static or oscillatory solutions, the transition between them being easily controlled by experimentally accessible parameters. Gain is maximal when the device is tuned to the onset of the oscillatory solutions; i.e., when the minima in the 2D potential function disappear. We concentrate on the SQUID dynamics near this critical point and compute the oscillation frequency via a center manifold reduction of the full 2D dynamics. Knowing this frequency permits its exploitation as a detection/classification tool in magnetic remote sensing applications.
Rectified steady flow induced by white shot noise: diffusive and non‐diffusive regimes
Authors: Czernik T. , Łuczka J.
Published: May 2022

The one‐dimensional random dynamics of overdamped Brownian particles moving in spatially periodic potentials and driven by asymmetric Poissonian white shot noise is studied in the diffusive and non‐diffusive regimes. The stationary probability density and the probability current are determined for differentiable and non‐differentiable periodic forces.
Resonant bistable flows driven by colored noise
Authors: Marchesoni F. , Borromeo M. , Santucci S.
Published: May 2022

The escape times of an overdamped Brownian particle confined to a quartic bistable potential is known to be extremely sensitive to the fluctuation correlation time. In the presence of an external Gaussian noise source with fixed variance, the escape times develop a minimum for a certain value of the correlation time—a behavior reminiscent of the so‐called resonant activation phenomenon. The optimal escape conditions are investigated for a wide range of the noise variance.
Quantum Smoluchowski equation
Authors: Pechukas Philip , Ankerhold Joachim , Grabert Hermann
Published: May 2022

The strong friction limit of the Caldeira‐Leggett model for quantum Brownian motion is analyzed. In this Smoluchowski limit the density operator of the Brownian particle is essentially diagonal in coordinate, and the diagonal element satisfies the classical Smoluchowski equation. This result cannot be obtained from the master equations that have been proposed for quantum Brownian motion, whether or not these equations are of Lindblad form.
Violation of matter‐antimatter symmetry
Authors: Kleinknecht K.
Published: May 2022

A small matter‐antimatter asymmetry of the weak force was experimentally established. This CP violation may be related to the small excess of matter from the big bang. The nature of CP violation in the K0 system has been clarified after 35 years of experimentation: it is due to a small part of the weak interaction (“milliweak interaction”). A non‐trivial phase in the weak quark mixing matrix generates “direct CP violation” in the weak Hamiltonian. The experiments demonstrating direct CP violation are discussed.
The quantization of the atom in three acts
Authors: Ridgen J.S.
Published: May 2022

The challenge that faced physicists soon after the discovery of the quantum in 1900 was to determine the structure of the atom. Success came through the application of quantum ideas to this challenge. The focus of these efforts was the hydrogen atom. Three very different approaches led to the successful explanation of the Balmer series of hydrogen and, in the process, the foundation for atomic and molecular physics was established.
Quantum string cosmologies
Authors: Da̧browski Mariusz P.
Published: May 2022

Different models of quantum string minisuperspaces for both isotropic and anisotropic geometries are presented. As for the isotropic case the general model of axion‐dilaton cosmology of arbitrary curvature is studied and solved explicitly. In the anisotropic case Bianchi type I and IX and Kantowski‐Sachs geometries are investigated. A short review of string cosmology is given with the emphasis on its “graceful‐exit” problem. The problems of boundary conditions, wave packets in minisuperspace and possible implications for the arrow of time in cosmology are briefly discussed.
Critical exponents predicted by grouping of Feynman diagrams in φ4 model
Authors: Kaupužs J.
Published: May 2022

Different perturbation theory treatments of the Ginzburg‐Landau phase transition model are discussed. This includes a criticism of the perturbative renormalization group (RG) approach and a proposal of a novel method providing critical exponents consistent with the known exact solutions in two dimensions. The usual perturbation theory is reorganized by appropriate grouping of Feynman diagrams of φ4 model with O(n) symmetry. As a result, equations for calculation of the two‐point correlation function are obtained which allow to predict possible exact values of critical exponents in two and three dimensions by proving relevant scaling properties of the asymptotic solution at (and near) the criticality. The new values of critical exponents are discussed and compared to the results of numerical simulations and experiments.
On the production of entropy within the concept of incomplete description of states
Authors: Hajdu J. , Szépfalusy P.
Published: May 2022

We calculate the linear response production of relevant entropy as defined recently by Balian. This quantity is — in contrast to the production of entropy defined in thermodynamics of irreversible processes — not determined by the linear transport coefficients alone but depends also on the susceptibilities with respect to the relevant observables. However, for systems satisfying a generalized ergodicity criterion the two expressions for the entropy production coincide.
Imaging of atomic orbitals with the Atomic Force Microscope — experiments and simulations
Authors: Giessibl F.J. , Bielefeldt H. , Hembacher S. , Mannhart J.
Published: May 2022

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a mechanical profiling technique that allows to image surfaces with atomic resolution. Recent progress in reducing the noise of this technique has led to a resolution level where previously undetectable symmetries of the images of single atoms are observed. These symmetries are related to the nature of the interatomic forces. The Si(111)‐(7 × 7) surface is studied by AFM with various tips and AFM images are simulated with chemical and electrostatic model forces. The calculation of images from the tip‐sample forces is explained in detail and the implications of the imaging parameters are discussed. Because the structure of the Si(111)‐(7 × 7) surface is known very well, the shape of the adatom images is used to determine the tip structure. The observability of atomic orbitals by AFM and scanning tunneling microscopy is discussed.
Lagrangian cohomological couplings among vector fields and matter fields
Authors: Bizdadea C. , Cioroianu E.M. , Miaută M.T. , Negru I. , Saliu S.O.
Published: May 2022

Consistent couplings between a set of vector fields and a system of matter fields are analysed in the framework of Lagrangian BRST cohomology.
Anisotropic relativistic stellar models
Authors: Harko T. , Mak M.K.
Published: May 2022

We present a class of exact solutions of Einstein's gravitational field equations describing spherically symmetric and static anisotropic stellar type configurations. The solutions are obtained by assuming a particular form of the anisotropy factor. The energy density and both radial and tangential pressures are finite and positive inside the anisotropic star. Numerical results show that the basic physical parameters (mass and radius) of the model can describe realistic astrophysical objects like neutron stars.
Fundamental Physics in Space: A guide to present projects
Authors: Lämmerzahl C. , Dittus H.
Published: May 2022

A review is presented about most of the current Fundamental Physics (FP) projects in space. After illustrating of what is meant by FP and which are its objectives, reasons are expatiated of why it is of great advantage to do FP in space. Then we give extensive introductions into all present and future FP projects in space. This consists of an explanation of the various scientific objectives, a description of the scientific payload and the used technologies, and an outline of the planned mission scenarios. Furthermore, we give a guide to further information (review papers, web‐pages) about the various projects.
A note on limitations of standard thermodynamics
Authors: Meyer‐Ortmanns H. , Landsberg P.T. , Abe S. , Rajagopal A.K. , Yamano T.
Published: May 2022

Recently, as a common foundation of various branches in science, thermodynamics is getting fresh notice. One of the reasons are long‐range forces that may have far‐reaching consequences for the applicability of standard thermodynamics. In this paper we trace these consequences in connection with gravity, particle physics, condensed matter physics, and plasma physics. We point on scenarios (like hot plasmas of elementary particles in the early universe) where usually the applicability of standard thermodynamics is not even questioned. Therefore we wish to attract the reader's attention to such cases and mention some first steps towards non‐standard thermodynamics. It is, however, too early to propose final solutions at the present stage. We wish to provoke thoughts about the “old” thermodynamics from a modern perspective.