bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methanol Production via Power-to-Liquids: A Comparative Simulation of Two Pathways Using Green Hydrogen and Captured CO2
Authors: Hren David Tian , Bogataj Miloš , Nemet Andreja
Published: December 2024

Methanol is a versatile substance that can be used in combustion engines and fuel cells and as a feedstock for the production of various chemicals. However, the majority of methanol is currently produced from fossil fuels, which is not sustainable. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the feasibility of methanol production from renewable sources as a bridge to a low-carbon economy and its potential as an alternative to fossil-derived chemicals. For this purpose, the process of methanol production from captured CO2 and water as an H2 source was simulated in Aspen Plus. For CO2 capture, the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption process was assumed. The H2 required for methanol synthesis was obtained by alkaline water electrolysis using electricity from renewable sources. The captured CO2 and the produced H2 were then converted into methanol through the process of CO2 hydrogenation in two ways, direct and two-step synthesis. In the direct conversion, the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol was carried out in a single step. In the two-step conversion, the CO2 was first partly converted to CO by the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, and then the mixture of CO and CO2 was hydrogenated to methanol. The results show that direct synthesis has a higher methanol yield (0.331 kmol of methanol/kmol of H2) compared to two-step synthesis (0.326 kmol of methanol/kmol of H2). The direct synthesis produces 13.4 kmol of methanol/MW, while the two-step synthesis produces 11.2 kmol of methanol/MW. This difference amounts to 2.2 kmol of methanol/MW, which corresponds to a saving of 0.127 $/kmol of methanol. Besides the lesser energy requirements, the direct synthesis process also produces lower carbon emissions (22,728 kg/h) as compared to the two-step synthesis process (33,367 kg/h).
Evaluation of Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles and Their Application as Precursors to Severe Convective Precipitation
Authors: Song Zhaokai , Bai Weihua , Zhang Yuanjie , Wang Yuqi , Xu Xiaoze , Xin Jialing
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the reliability of satellite-derived atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles derived from occultations of Fengyun-3D (FY-3D), the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2), the Meteorological Operational Satellite program (METOP), and the microwave observations of NOAA Polar Orbital Environmental Satellites (POES) using various conventional sounding datasets from 2020 to 2021. Satellite-derived profiles were also used to explore the precursors of severe convective precipitations in terms of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) characteristics and convective parameters. It was found that the satellite-derived temperature profiles exhibited high accuracy, with RMSEs from 0.75 K to 2.68 K, generally increasing with the latitude and decreasing with the altitude. Among these satellite-derived profile sources, the COSMIC-2-derived temperature profiles showed the highest accuracy in the middle- and low-latitude regions, while the METOP series had the best performance in high-latitude regions. Comparatively, the satellite-derived relative humidity profiles had lower accuracy, with RMSEs from 13.72% to 24.73%, basically increasing with latitude. The METOP-derived humidity profiles were overall the most reliable among the different data sources. The ABL temperature and humidity structures from these satellite-derived profiles showed different characteristics between severe precipitation and non-precipitation regions and could reflect the evolution of ABL characteristics during a severe convective precipitation event. Furthermore, some convective parameters calculated from the satellite-derived profiles showed significant and rapid changes before the severe precipitation, indicating the feasibility of using satellite-derived temperature and humidity profiles as precursors to severe convective precipitation.
Measurement Properties of Wearable Kinematic-Based Data Collection Systems to Evaluate Ball Kicking in Soccer: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map
Authors: Palucci Vieira Luiz H. , Clemente Filipe M. , Silva Rui M. , Vargas-Villafuerte Kelly R. , Carpes Felipe P.
Published: December 2024

Kinematic assessment of ball kicking may require significant human effort (e.g., traditional vision-based tracking systems). Wearables offer a potential solution to reduce processing time. This systematic review collated measurement properties (validity, reliability, and/or accuracy) of wearable kinematic-based technology systems used to evaluate soccer kicking. Seven databases were searched for studies published on or before April 2024. The protocol was previously published and followed the PRISMA 2020 statement. The data items included any validity, reliability, and/or accuracy measurements extracted from the selected articles. Twelve articles (1011 participants) were included in the qualitative synthesis, showing generally (92%) moderate methodological quality. The authors claimed validity (e.g., concurrent) in seven of the eight studies found on the topic, reliability in two of three, and accuracy (event detection) in three of three studies. The synthesis method indicated moderate evidence for the concurrent validity of the MPU-9150/ICM-20649 InvenSense and PlayerMaker™ devices. However, limited to no evidence was identified across studies when considering wearable devices/systems, measurement properties, and specific outcome variables. To conclude, there is a knowledge base that may support the implementation of wearables to assess ball kicking in soccer practice, while future research should further evaluate the measurement properties to attempt to reach a strong evidence level.
Simultaneous Temperature and Relative Humidity Measurement Using Machine Learning in Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Mądry Mateusz , Szczupak Bogusław , Śmigielski Mateusz , Matysiak Bartosz
Published: December 2024

This paper presents, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, simultaneous temperature and relative humidity (RH) measurement using a machine learning (ML) model in Rayleigh-based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). The sensor unit consists of two segments: bare and polyimide-coated fibers, each with different sensitivities to temperature. The polyimide-coated fiber is RH-sensitive, unlike the bare fiber. We propose the ML approach to avoid manual post-processing data and maintain relatively high accuracy of the sensor. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the 3 cm length of the sensor unit were 0.36 °C and 1.73% RH for temperature and RH, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of sensor unit lengths and number of data points on RMSE values. This approach eliminates the need for manual data processing, reduces analysis time, and enables accurate, simultaneous measurement of temperature and RH in Rayleigh-based OFDR.
A Rapidly Tunable Laser System for Measurements of NH2 at 597 nm Behind Reflected Shock Waves
Authors: Clees Sean , Barnes Spencer C. , Rault Taylor M. , Strand Christopher L. , Hanson Ronald K.
Published: December 2024

Distributed feedback lasers, which feature rapid wavelength tunability, are not presently available in the yellow and orange spectral regions, impeding spectroscopic studies of short-lived species that absorb light in this range. To meet this need, a rapidly tunable laser system was constructed, characterized, and demonstrated for measurements of the NH2 radical at 597.4 nm. The system consisted of three main parts: (1) a distributed feedback diode laser operating at 1194.8 nm, (2) a fiber-coupled optical amplifier, and (3) a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide for second-harmonic generation. A phase-matching optical frequency bandwidth of 118 GHz and a second-harmonic generation efficiency of 109%/W were determined for the PPLN waveguide, and the intensity and wavelength stability of the system were measured. The rapid-tuning capabilities of the laser system were characterized to explore its potential for use in scanned-direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy experiments. The feasibility of scanned-direct absorption up to a scan rate of 900 kHz and wavelength modulation spectroscopy at modulation frequencies up to 800 kHz were demonstrated. Finally, the system was deployed in a series of shock tube experiments in which the concentration of NH2 radicals was measured during the decomposition of NH3 behind reflected shock waves.
Wearable System Applications in Performance Analysis of RaceRunning Athletes with Disabilities
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen , Davids Keith
Published: December 2024

RaceRunning is a sport for disabled people and successful performance depends on reducing the amount of time spent travelling a specific distance. Performance analysis in RaceRunning athletes is based on traditional methods such as recording race time, distances travelled and frequency (sets and reps) that are not sufficient for monitoring training loads. The aims of this study were to monitor training loads in typical training sessions and evaluate technical adaptations in RaceRunning performance by acquiring sensor metrics. Five elite and competitive RaceRunning athletes (18.2 ± 2.3 yrs) at RR2 and RR3 levels were monitored for 8 weeks, performing in their usual training sessions while wearing unobtrusive motion sensors. The motion sensors were attached to the waist and lower leg in all training sessions, each lasting between 80 and 90 min. Performance metrics data collected from the motion sensors included player loads, race loads, work/rest ratio and impact shock directions, along with training factors (duration, frequency, distance, race time and rest time). Results showed that weekly training loads (player and race loads) followed acceptable threshold levels, according to assessment criteria (smallest worthwhile change, acute/chronic work ratio). The relationship between race velocity (performance index) and race load was non-linear and statistically significant, which led to different performance efficiency groups. Wearable motion sensor metrics revealed small to moderate technical adaptations following repeated sprint attempts in temporal running performance, variability and consistency. In conclusion, using a wearable-based system is an effective feedback tool to monitor training quality, revealing important insights into adaptations to training volumes in disabled athletes.
HybridFusionNet: Deep Learning for Multi-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Authors: Shukla Amar , Tiwari Shamik , Jain Anurag
Published: December 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of visual impairment worldwide and requires reliable automated detection methods. Numerous research efforts have developed various conventional methods for early detection of DR. Research in the field of DR remains insufficient, indicating the potential for advances in diagnosis. In this paper, a hybrid model (HybridFusionNet) that integrates vision transformer (VIT) and attention processes is presented. It improves classification in the binary (Bcl) and multi-class (Mcl) stages by utilizing deep features from the DR stages. As a result, both the SAN and VIT models improve the recognition accuracy (Acc) in both stages.The HybridFusionNet mechanism achieves a competitive improvement in multi-stage and binary stages, which is Acc in Bcl and Mcl, with 91% and 99%, respectively. This illustrates that this model is suitable for a better diagnosis of DR.
Analysis of Acute and Short-Term Fluoride Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryo and Sac–Fry Stages Based on Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Jin Tingxu , Yang Xiumei , Zhu Yuanhui , Yan Cheng , Yan Rui , Yang Qianlei , Huang Hairu , An Yan
Published: December 2024

Acute and short-term toxicity tests are foundational to toxicology research. These tests offer preliminary insights into the fundamental toxicity characteristics of the chemicals under evaluation and provide essential data for chronic toxicity assessments. Fluoride is a common chemical in aquatic environments; however, the findings of toxicological data, such as LC50 for aquatic organisms, often exhibit inconsistency. Consequently, this study employed zebrafish as a model organism during their early life stages to assess the acute and short-term toxicity of fluoride exposure. Bayesian model averaging was utilized to calculate the LC50/EC50 values and establish baseline concentrations. The results indicated a dose–response relationship between water fluoride concentration and harmful outcomes. The 20 mg/L group was identified as the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the majority of toxicity indicators and warrants special attention. Based on the BBMD model averages, the LC50 of fluoride for 1 to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish was 147.00, 80.80, 61.25, 56.50, and 37.50 mg/L, while the EC50 of cumulative malformation rate for 5 dpf zebrafish was 59.75 mg/L. As the benchmark response (BMR) increased, both the benchmark concentrations (BMCs) and benchmark dose levels (BMDLs) also increased. The research aims to provide essential data for the development of environmental water guidelines and to mitigate ecological risks associated with fluoride in aquatic ecosystems.
Untangling Regional Disparities: HIV and STI Testing Patterns Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in Seven U.S. Cities
Authors: Ochs Alex , Barman-Adhikari Anamika , Hsu Hsun-Ta , Petering Robin , Shelton Jama , Narendorf Sarah , Santa Maria Diane , Bender Kimberly , Ferguson Kristin
Published: December 2024

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face elevated risks of HIV and STIs compared to their housed counterparts. HIV and STI testing services are pivotal for prevention and early detection. Investigating utilization rates and associated factors among YEH provides critical insights for intervention efforts in major U.S. regions. This study analyzed secondary data from the Homeless Youth Risk and Resilience Survey (HYRRS) conducted between 2016 and 2017. Participants were recruited in seven major cities: Los Angeles, San Jose, Phoenix, St. Louis, Denver, Houston, and New York City (n = 1426). Notably, YEH in Denver, Houston, Phoenix, San Jose, and St. Louis were significantly less likely to use HIV testing services than those in Los Angeles. YEH reporting early sexual activity were less likely to undergo HIV testing, while having online sex partners increased the likelihood of HIV testing. Moreover, YEH in New York City were more likely to receive STI testing, while Phoenix and San Jose had lower testing rates. Disparities in testing rates highlight questions about equitable resource allocation, accentuating the need for enhanced educational and community outreach efforts to address barriers across diverse urban settings.
Studi Perbandingan Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan (Kaku, Lentur, Paving) Kawasan Unisnu Jepara
Authors: Minachussania  , Saputro Yayan Adi , Rochmanto Decky , Faqih Nasyiin
Published: December 2024

Pembangunan jalan terus berkembang seiring dengan tuntutan zaman, hal ini terjadi di kampus Unisnu Jepara yang kepadatan lalu lintasnya semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah mahasiswa setiap tahun. Akses jalan yang hanya tersedia satu, membuat lalu lintas bertabrakan. Kebutuhan jalan alternatif sangat diperlukan guna mengatasi kemacetan dan ketidak teraturan lalu lintas. Penulis mengevaluasi permasalahan tersebut dengan merencanakan perbandingan perkerasan jalan (kaku, lentur, paving), sebagai bahan pertimbangan. Dalam perbandingan perencanaan ini metode yang digunakan untuk perkerasan kaku dan lentur menggunakan Metode Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga 2017 dan perkerasan paving menggunakan Metode Analisa Komponen 2002. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan dengan pertumbuhan lalu lintas (i) 1% dan umur rencana 20 tahun diperoleh hasil pertama perkerasan kaku tebal pelat beton 175 mm (dapat diakses oleh truk), lapis pondasi atas (kelas A) 125 mm dan lapis pondasi bawah (kelas B) 160 mm. Kedua perkerasan lentur tebal lapis AC WC 40 mm, AC BC 60 mm, AC Base 80 mm dan LPA Kelas A 300 mm. Ketiga perkerasan paving tebal perkerasan paving 80 mm (dengan frekuensi terbatas pada pick up, truk dan bus), lapis pondasi awal 100 mm, lapis pondasi akhir 236 mm. Sedangkan berdasarkan rekapitulasi hasil analisa didapat biaya struktur perkerasan kaku senilai Rp 2.718.646.898, biaya struktur perkerasan Lentur senilai Rp 2.112.631.770 dan biaya struktur perkerasan Paving senilai Rp. 902.412.387. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa perkerasan paving blok lebih hemat, namun struktur perkerasan paving blok sangat tidak nyaman untuk kendaraan dengan kecepatan tinggi dan kendaraan berat.
Estratégias utilizadas no atendimento humanizado à pessoa surda na Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão de literatura
Authors: Melo Amanda Cristina de , Gimenez Viviane Cristina de Albuquerque , Maigret Simone Buchignani , Scudeler Patrícia Elda Sobrinho , Prata Rafaela Aparecida
Published: December 2024

A surdez é uma entre as inúmeras deficiências na população brasileira. Para atender à pessoa surda, é necessário entender suas necessidades com visão holística. Ao estabelecer a comunicação, é importante destacar que esta não é uma via de mão única e que somente a compreensão não é o ideal para suprir as necessidades de maneira acolhedora. Assim, este estudo objetivou identificar na literatura científica as estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde para o atendimento humanizado à população surda. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e SciELO em outubro de 2023, que incluiu estudos publicados nos anos de 2013 a 2023. Foram incluídos no estudo cinco artigos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Todos os achados descrevem estudos brasileiros, dos quais um é da base de dados LILACS, um, da BDENF, e três, da MEDLINE. As principais estratégias mencionadas foram a criação de um ambiente virtual para comunicação, a utilização de intérpretes/familiares e o uso de gestos e mímicas. O presente estudo contribuiu para evidenciar que estratégias durante o atendimento humanizado ao paciente surdo na Atenção Primária à Saúde é uma temática pouca abordada, pouco discutida e vista como um desafio no atendimento a esses usuários.
Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE)
Authors: Araujo Cletiane Medeiros Costa de , Fittipaldi Ítalo , Costa Saulo Felipe
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo buscou analisar o Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE) na região Nordeste, a partir da análise de cobertura espacial do Programa no ano de 2020. A abordagem espacial da execução do PDDE possibilitou identificar possíveis desigualdades no acesso a serviços de melhoria estrutural e/ou pedagógicas das escolas em decorrência da sua localização territorial (áreas urbana e rural). A análise descritiva e inferencial (utilizando modelos de estimação pelo método dos mínimos quadrados) foi focada nas unidades gestoras pertencentes às redes públicas municipais dos estados da região Nordeste. Os achados da pesquisa empírica sugerem possível efeito da alocação desses recursos para o combate ao analfabetismo entre crianças e jovens na região, enfatizando assim a importância do PDDE como um importante vetor de contribuição para a cidadania em uma região marcada pelas desigualdades socioeconômicas.
A desvalorização do profissional professor
Authors: Sichineli Jonathans Paiva , Loureiro Terezinha Medeiros Gonçalves de
Published: December 2024

A profissão docente é uma das mais antigas do mundo, pois, desde o surgimento da humanidade, os sujeitos foram, ora aprendizes, ora facilitadores de aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, entender como as múltiplas desvalorizações desse profissional se construíram é o passo primordial para o avanço dos debates e reflexões que pautam a vida profissional desses indivíduos. Sustentado por discussões da literatura brasileira, o presente documento tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento sócio-histórico-cultural sobre a desvalorização do docente, buscando estabelecer reflexões entre o mundo do passado e a contemporaneidade. Como resultado, a pesquisa revela que a desvalorização do profissional docente se manifesta em três âmbitos: social, escolar e profissional, levando-nos à conclusão de que a valorização desse profissional é urgente e necessária para promover uma educação de qualidade e, principalmente, para atribuir devido reconhecimento ao profissional que forma a sociedade.
THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE PROCESSES OF FORMING THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF FOAM GLASS USING SECONDARY MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Grushko I.
Published: December 2024

Increasing the strength of foam glass to values sufficient for using it not only as a heat-insulating but also a structural material will significantly expand the scope of its application and reduce the material intensity of construction. The solution is possible due to the formation of a controlled and predictable heterogeneous amorphous-crystalline structure. The effect of the crystalline phase on the structure and strength of foam glass is contradictory and requires significant attention. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the already obtained research results on reducing the cost of the material due to the use of waste. However, the composition of waste from various landfills varies, so a universal methodology for the development of materials is needed. A unified methodology is proposed that allows solving the problem of designing new materials using waste of various compositions, special attention is paid to the problem of synthesizing the composition of the initial batch and the temperature-time mode of foam glass synthesis. To confirm the proposed methodology, the material was developed using the example of ash and slag mixture of the TPP in Novocherkassk. The obtained foam glass samples and the research results were used to establish the features of the processes of formation of the foam glass microstructure using the regression analysis method.
Güney Avrupa Ülkelerinde Turist Rehberliği Mesleği Eğitimi ve Mesleğe Kabul Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Akdu Serap , Akdu Uğur
Published: December 2024

Amaç ve Önem: Bu çalışmada ülkelere göre nitelikli turist rehberlerinin yetiştirilmesinde önemli olan turist rehberliği eğitiminin ve mesleğe kabul sürecinin nasıl yürütüldüğünün incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel amacı ülkeler arasında turist rehberi eğitimi ve mesleğe kabul sürecinin benzer ve farklı yönlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma turist rehberliği mesleğinin öneminin anlaşılması ve ülkeler arasındaki benzer ve farklı yönlerin ortaya çıkarılmasıyla olumlu ve olumsuz uygulamaların kıyaslanabilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Yöntem: Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda elde edilen belgeler doküman analizi ile derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ülkelerin kanunları, yönetmelikleri, meslek örgütlerinden elde edilen dokümanlar ve akademik araştırmalar derlenmiş ve detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamında incelenen ülkeler kapsamında turist rehberliği eğitimi ve mesleğe kabul süreci farklılık göstermektedir. Ülkelere göre iki farklı süreç ortaya çıkmıştır. Birincisi mesleğe kabul ve eğitim sürecinin bir kanunla yürütüldüğü ülkeler (Türkiye, İtalya, Hırvatistan ve Kıbrıs), ikincisi ise belirli bir kanunu bulunmayan ama mesleki örgütlerce sürecin yürütüldüğü ülkelerdir (Portekiz, Yunanistan ve Malta). İspanya ise yönetim şekline bağlı olarak sahip olduğu özerk bölgelere göre kanun ve/veya meslek örgütleri ile bu süreci değerlendirmektir. Ülkelerin bu süreci nasıl yürüttüğünden bağımsız olarak tüm ülkelerde turist rehberlerinin belirli bir müfredat dahilinde eğitime tabi tutulduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Özgünlük/Bilimsel Katkı: Araştırma konusu özelinde yapılan literatür taramasında yapılan çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı ve eski tarihli olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmaların farklı konu başlıkları içinde sınırlı bilgilerle özet halinde sunulduğu görülmüştür. Süreç içerisinde ülkelerin mesleğe bakış açısı ve meslekle ilgili düzenlemeleri değişim gösterebilmektedir. Turist rehberliği mesleğine bakış açısının dünya ülkelerinde nasıl olduğu anlamak mesleki eğitim, kabul süreci ve yasa oluşturma sürecinde oldukça önemlidir. Araştırmanın bu açıdan önemli bir kaynak teşkil ettiği düşünülmektedir.

Sınırlılıklar: Araştırma zaman ve yayın koşulları (makale sayfa, kelime vb. sınırı) nedeniyle Güney Avrupa Ülkeleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Tüm dünya ülkelerini ele alan kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılabilir.
“…En el lugar donde está el lago Musters había un gran mallín con abundante pasto y animales para cazar”. Antiguos niveles del lago Musters y sus implicancias arqueológicas en el bajo de Sarmiento (provincia del Chubut, Argentina)
Authors: Moreno Julián E. , Gutiérrez Guillermo
Published: December 2024

El bajo Sarmiento se ubica en el centro-sur de Chubut, en la estepa patagónica. En su interior se encuentran los lagos Colhué Huapi y Musters, a una distancia de aproximadamente 20 km el uno del otro. Las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas a partir de 2007 han revelado diferencias en las señales arqueológicas de ambos lagos particularmente en el Holoceno tardío final. En el primero, la señal es fuerte con claras evidencias de aprovechamiento de los recursos fluviales. En el segundo, la señal es débil y con escasas pruebas de explotación de dichos recursos. Para explicar esto, se han evaluado las siguientes hipótesis: 1) sesgos en la investigación; 2) diferencias en la visibilidad arqueológica; 3) alteraciones postdepositacionales; 4) impacto del coleccionismo; 5) diferencias en la productividad; y 6) la posibilidad que una parte del registro arqueológico se encuentre actualmente sumergido debido a la existencia de niveles más bajos del lago Musters en el Holoceno tardío final. Las cinco primeras alternativas han sido descartadas tras su evaluación. Hasta el momento no se contaba con información sobre niveles del lago Musters inferiores a los actuales. Gracias a la colaboración de pescadores artesanales y a la realización de prospecciones subacuáticas, se logró detectar la presencia de restos de arbustos sumergidos en posición de vida. Se tomaron muestras de estos, una de las cuales fue fechada en 320 años 14C AP. Esto indica que existieron niveles inferiores del lago durante el Holoceno tardío, lo cual constituye una potencial explicación para las diferencias en los registros arqueológicos de ambos lagos.
Fuentes potenciales y caracterización macroscópica y petrográfica de rocas al norte del valle de Hualfín (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Bentivenga Emiliano , Lynch Julieta , Villalba Esteban
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de aprovisionamiento lítico al norte del valle de Hualfín (provincia de Catamarca), con el fin de establecer la base regional de recursos disponibles. Se buscó determinar si el lecho del río Villa Vil constituye una fuente potencial de materias primas aptas para la talla, así como para la confección de artefactos líticos de molienda. Este río se encuentra localizado al pie de dos sitios arqueológicos, cuyas ocupaciones se remontan a los períodos Formativo y Tardío-Inka. Para ello se llevaron a cabo análisis petrográficos macroscópicos y de cortes delgados, tanto sobre rocas recolectadas en los márgenes del río como sobre artefactos líticos. Asimismo, se consideró la información previa sobre la tecnología lítica implementada en los sitios considerados.
Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar materias primas que con anterioridad habían sido consideradas indeterminadas. Estos estudios también permitieron establecer que parte de las variedades empleadas se encuentran disponibles de manera inmediata. A su vez, a partir de información bibliográfica se discute la posible procedencia de otras variedades de rocas utilizadas que podrían ser foráneas, ya que sus afloramientos aún no fueron identificados en el área de investigación.
Picta nilotica romana en contexto. Significados y funcionalidades de las pinturas nilóticas romanas en los contextos arqueológicos
Authors: Voltan Eleonora
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo se enmarca en una línea de investigación que tiene por objetivo el estudio de las pinturas romanas de tema nilótico en el Mediterráneo entre los siglos I a.C. y VI d.C. Tras la firma en 273 a.C. de la amicitia entre Egipto y Roma, las influencias del primer territorio en las manifestaciones políticas, culturales, económicas y religiosas de los territorios mediterráneos fue evidente. Un claro ejemplo fue la producción artística de tipo pictórico ―los picta nilótica― que comienzan a difundirse y aceptarse en todos los territorios romanos desde tiempos tempranos. En este artículo se aborda este problema de una manera sistemática. En primer lugar, se presenta este tema figurativo con un breve estado de la cuestión, para después analizar 74 casos de pinturas nilóticas romanas, atendiendo a su contexto de hallazgo, sus valores funcionales y simbólicos. El objetivo es verificar hasta qué punto estas pinturas pueden condicionar la estructuración de los espacios públicos y privados. Finalmente, entre los principales resultados destacan algunas reflexiones sobre los contextos arqueológicos examinados y la evaluación de los valores de estas imágenes como elemento representativo de las dinámicas culturales de la sociedad romana.
Explorando la molienda de granos andinos (poroto y maíz) a través del procesamiento culinario experimental. Su aporte a las investigaciones arqueobotánicas y a la confección de colecciones de referencia
Authors: Romero H. Priscila , Musaubach M. Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Presentamos los primeros resultados del programa experimental focalizado en conocer sobre los saberes y prácticas culinarias vinculados a la molienda de granos andinos (poroto y maíz). El protocolo diseñado incluye experimentos divididos en dos etapas, denominadas Ensayos. En el “Ensayo 1” se realizaron procesamientos culinarios como “puesta en remojo”, hervido y/o tostados previos a la molienda y en el “Ensayo 2”, se procedió a moler o triturar los granos y semillas obteniendo harinas o pastas con distintas particularidades. Los ensayos se realizaron en entornos controlados en el laboratorio, siguiendo los mismos protocolos metodológicos utilizados para nuestros estudios arqueobotánicos. Esto último, con el fin de evitar la contaminación de las muestras y así, incorporarlas a nuestra colección de referencia de cultivos andinos y preparaciones culinarias tradicionales. Se registraron tanto los tipos de harinas y pastas obtenidas, como las marcas y desgastes producidos en los artefactos líticos experimentales, discriminando entre los diferentes cultivos procesados, así como el tipo de procesamiento culinario realizado a cada uno de ellos. La información obtenida fue sistematizada e incorporada en las bases de datos digitales confeccionadas ad hoc para cada tipo de registro. Este trabajo se enmarca en proyectos que estudian las prácticas culinarias prehispánicas y tradicionales asociadas a los cultivos andinos en la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy). Los resultados obtenidos nos permitirán contribuir al conocimiento de las plantas alimenticias andinas utilizadas como ingredientes en las preparaciones culinarias prehispánicas, a partir de la caracterización macro y microscópica de los productos de la molienda.
Análise da interfêrencia alimentar na gestação: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Santos Victoria Miranda Muzulon dos , Munch Vanessa
Published: December 2024

crescimento e desenvolvimento do concepto, além da manutenção a longo prazo da saúde da gestante e do feto. Para tanto, alguns ajustes nutricionais devem ser realizados, já que todo o aporte de nutrientes dessa fase é proveniente da alimentação materna. Ademais, os processos fisiológicos da gestação promovem uma hemodiluição, causando deficiência de nutrientes. Portanto, é necessária uma adequação na ingestão de macro e micronutrientes, e no aporte calórico diário para suprir essa demanda, já que deficiências ou excessos nutricionais nesseperíodo podem gerar complicações pré e intra-parto, além de impactar a saúde da mãe e do indivíduo na fase adulta. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão integrativa de literatura foi pesquisar a produção bibliográfica já publicada a respeito dos aspectos nutricionais adequados à gestação, além da importância da suplementação de macro e micronutrientes, bem como a quantidade adequada, e as consequências de deficiência ou excesso no binômio mãe-feto.
هيكل رأس المال للشركات الصناعية المدرجة في الأردن
Authors: أومت غسان محمد خير , النوباني هيثم جميل
Published: December 2024

تختبر هذه الدراسة هيكل رأس المال للشركات المدرجة في بورصة عمّان. وباستخدام بيانات على مستوى الشركات تم احتساب متوسط نسبة الرفع المالي ومتوسط نسبة الديون طويلة الأجل إلى إجمالي الديون خلال الفترة 1978-1998. وبناء على النتائج الإحصائية وجد أن حجم الشركة والأرباح المحتجزة مقسومة على إجمالي الموجودات محددات ذات دلالة إحصائية للرفع المالي. وتبين أيضاً أن نسبة الأصول الثابتة إلى إجمالي الأصول وإجمالي الأصول هما المحددان الوحيدان لهيكل المديونية.
تعظيم الربح المصرفي للنشاطات المصرفية باستخدام أسلوب البرمجة الخطية
Authors: سعد وداد عبدالحسن , شبو روضة مصطفى
Published: December 2024

يقصد بالاستثمار لدى المصارف، توظيف الأموال الفائضة عن الاستخدامات في السيولة والقروض. كما إن كلمة استثمار تستخدم لتشمل الأموال التي توضع في شراء سندات الخزينة التي تصدرها الحكومات وشراء الأسهم والسندات التي تصدرها الشركات لآجال متوسطة أو طويلة بهدف تحقيق عائد مناسب. سندرس في هذا البحث التوظيفات في بنك عودة ش.م.ل. من أجل تعظيم الربح الذي يجنيه المصرف وذلك من خلال توظيف الموارد المالية المتاحة لديه في المجالات المتعددة، وسنعتمد في هذا البحث على مبادىء ونظريات الأساليب الكمية التي تُعَدُّ من أفضل الطرق العلمية في هذا المضمار، ونستطيع من خلال نتائجها اكتشاف نقاط القوة والضعف في سياسة المصرف.
نظرة تاريخية في ظاهرة الاثنين
Authors: بورسلي أماني خالد , عبدالسلام فايز عبدالرحمن
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم دليل إضافي يفسر ظاهرة وجود عائد منخفض على الأسهم في اليوم الأول من أسبوع التداول، وهو ما يعرف بظاهرة الاثنين، والتي تحدث بشكل رئيسي في الأسبوعين الأخيرين من الشهر. وبناء على التقدير الخطي الانحداري الذي يستخدم مؤشر الداوجونز فإن هذه الظاهرة استمرت في التواجد بقوة في كل الفترات الزمنية المستخدمة من 1901 إلى 1998. ولم تكشف هذه الدراسة عن دليل معنوي للتفسير المقترح لظاهرة الاثنين بوجود عائد عال في يوم التداول السابق، وذلك لغياب الارتباط بين عوائد الاثنين وعوائد اليوم السابق للتداول مباشرة. والجدير بالذكر أنه على الرغم من انخفاض حدة ظاهرة الاثنين خلال العشرين سنة الماضية، إلا أن عوائد يوم الاثنين تقل نسبياً مقارنة مع عوائد باقي أيام الأسبوع.
خصوصية تقنية المعلومات من منظور نظرية المنفعة
Authors: عباس حسن عبدالله , الفضلي صلاح محارب
Published: December 2024

كان لتقنية المعلومات في العقدين الماضيين دور مصيري في أداء المؤسسات العاملة في القطاعين العام والخاص. إلا أنها، وكأي اختراع إنساني آخر، لم تخل من المشكلات الخاصة بها. من هذه المشكلات المجموعة المتعلقة بالخصوصية. كثير من العلماء والباحثين تعرضوا لهذه المشكلة من الجانب الاجتماعي والنفسي. إلا أن هذا البحث قد ناقش موضوع الخصوصية من الجانب الفلسفي والأخلاقي اعتماداً على نظرية المنفعة لمِلْ.
Therapeutic Potential of Glutathione Augmentation in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy
Authors: Gutman Jimmy
Published: December 2024

The majority of cancer patients receiving conventional medical therapy receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or palliative support. Nutritional support is increasingly recognized as vital to successful treatment. Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally-occurring tripeptide in human cells that serves many important functions, including antioxidant regulation, detoxification, protein synthesis and repair, immune modulation, and redox signaling. Altering glutathione levels has been demonstrated to have significant effects in chemotherapy/radiotherapy outcomes as well as influence on retarding cachexia. This review article summarizes some of the most notable findings, suggesting that up-regulation of glutathione through nutritional intervention has a potential to be integrated into a holistic approach to cancer treatment.
Validity of the Chinese Version of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Fu Zhen Ming , Xu Hong Xia , Song Chun Hua , Li Wei , Guo Zeng Qing , Lin Yuan , Shi Ying Ying , Hu Wen , Ba Yi , Li Su Yi , Li Zeng Ning , Wang Kun Hua , Wu Jing , He Ying , Yang Jia Jun , Xie Cong Hua , Song Xin Xia , Chen Gong Yan , Ma Wen Jun , Luo Su Xia , Chen Zi Hua , Cong Ming Hua , Ma Hu , Zhou Chun Ling , Wang Wei , Luo Qi , Shi Yong Mei , Qi Yu Mei , Jiang Hai Ping , Guan Wen Xian , Chen Jun Qiang , Chen Jia Xin , Fang Yu , Zhou Lan , Feng Yong Dong , Tan Rong Shao , Li Tao , Ou Jun Wen , Zhao Qing Chuan , Wu Jian Xiong , Wang Chang , Shi Han Ping ,   The Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of malnutrition is high among oncology patients in China. Although the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is widely recognized as an important nutritional assessment tool, it has not been validated for Chinese cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of nutrition screening and assessment data to validate the Chinese version of the PG-SGA in Chinese patients with lung cancer. This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 2,000 consecutive adult patients with lung cancer treated at several tertiary hospitals in China. Anthropometric and patient descriptive data were collected. The PG-SGA generated a score for the nutritional risk and a global rating for the nutritional status. The internal consistency, external consistency, and construct validity were evaluated, and a known-groups comparison and principal component analyses were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PG-SGA. The known-groups comparison demonstrated the ability of the PG-SGA to differentiate lung cancer patients of different nutritional and body mass index (BMI) groups. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original four-factor structure of the PG-SGA. In terms of the internal and external consistency, the PG-SGA demonstrated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) up to 0.987. Alternative form validity was also demonstrated between Box 4 of the PG-SGA and the Karnofsky Performance Status score, with excellent external consistency (r = 0.972, P < 0.001). The construct validity was supported, and selected questionnaire dimensions were evident in the principal component analysis. Significant Spearman correlations (P < 0.001) were demonstrated. The Chinese version of the PG-SGA demonstrated significant reliability and sufficient exploratory properties to support its validity. It seems to be a valid tool that can be used to access the nutritional status of Chinese lung cancer patients. The validity of the PG-SGA in Chinese cancer patients warrants further investigation in other cancer types.
Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle as a Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Lung Cancer: a Prospective Study
Authors: Guo Jing , Chong Fei Fei , Yin Liang Yu , Lin Xin , Zhang Meng Yuan , Shi Mu Li , Zhang Hong Mei , Liu Jie , Xu Hong Xia , Kang Jun
Published: December 2024

Objective

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to measure a patient’s body composition. The phase angle (PA), the major parameter in BIA, is one of the most sensitive indicators of malnutrition. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the PA can be used to predict survival in lung cancer patients.

Methods

One hundred sixty-six lung cancer patients were prospectively included from January 2014 to August 2016 in Daping Hospital. Anthropometric measurements, hematological values, the nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) score, patient generated-subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C-30) score, and BIA were investigated within 48 hours after admission to the hospital. A Spearman correlation analysis was applied to test the correlations between the study characteristics and PA. A Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were conducted to analyze the association between the overall survival (OS) and PA.

Results

The mean age for all patients was 63 years old (42 females and 124 males). The median PA was 5.5°(4.70°, 6.23°). The PA was positively associated with the body mass index, hand grip strength, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein, red blood cells, hemoglobin and KPS score. The PG-SGA scores, QLQ-C30 score, and NRS2002 score showed a significant negative association with the PA. According to a multivariate analysis, the PA (HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27-0.81) was independent predictor of the lung cancer patients’ long-term OS. Patients with a higher PA (≥ 5°) had better overall survival (median = 426 days) compared to those with a lower PA (< 5°) (median = 96 days) based on the one-year follow-up data (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

These studies indicate that the PA is a sensitive and early indicator to predict survival in lung cancer patients.
Malnutrition Increases the Risk of Mortality in Hospitalized Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Chong Fei Fei , Yin Liang Yu , Liu Jie , Li Na , Guo Jing , Fan Yang , Zhang Meng Yuan , Zhang Ling , He Xiu Mei , Zhang Hong Mei , Shi Mu Li , Li Wei , Xu Hong Xia ,   The Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: December 2024

Background

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recently developed a new set of diagnostic criteria for identifying patients with malnutrition. Because the GLIM criteria were only introduced a little over 3 years ago, additional validation and reliability testing are needed in a variety of populations.

Methods

We performed an observational, multicenter cohort study. From July 2013 to October 2018, lung cancer patients were recruited from the Daping Hospital of Army Medical University and the First Hospital of Jilin University as part of the INSCOC project. Previously-established cut-off values for the calf circumference (CC, male < 30 cm, female < 29.5 cm) were applied as the reduced muscal mass of phenotypic criteria to establish the GLIM diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the GLIM criteria and survival.

Results

A total of 1219 patients with lung cancer were studied as subjects. Their age was 58.81 ± 9.92 years old, and 820 were male and 399 were female. According to the GLIM diagnostic criteria using the CC as a muscle mass measurement, 303 patients (24.9%) were categorized as malnourished, 142 patients (23.1%) in the adult group (18 ≤ age < 60) and 161 patients (26.7%) in the older group (age ≥ 60 years). The patients with malnutrition had a higher incidence of anemia than the nourished patients (P = 0.012). The QLQ-C30 score and KPS score indicating that the malnourished patients had a consistently worse quality of life compared to the nourished group (all P < 0.001). The median survival of the malnutrition group was 42 (95% CI: 34-50) months, which was much shorter than the 62 (95% CI: 57-66) months in the nourished group (P < 0.001). In the adult group, the median survival decreased from 65 (95% CI: 55-72) months in nourished group to 34 (95% CI: 25-48) months in the patients with malnutrition (P < 0.001). In the older group, it decreased from 61 (95% CI: 55-67) months to 48 (95% CI: 39-59) months (P = 0.001). A Cox regression analysis showed that GLIM-diagnosed malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of death among adult group (HR = 1.670, 95% CI: 1.29-2.16), older group (HR = 1.332, 95% CI: 1.05-1.69) and overall (HR = 1.453, 95% CI: 1.22-1.72).

Conclusion

All of these results demonstrate that GLIM-diagnosed malnutrition is associated with a poorer survival for all lung cancer patients, independent of age.
Epilepsia de ausencias en la niñez y adolescencia, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico
Authors: Santillán Zuñiga Juan Rafael , Sequeira Quesada Carlos Mario , Jiménez Rivera Ariel David , Alvarado Arguedas José Julián , Rodriguez Arroyo Daniela
Published: December 2024

Las crisis de ausencias típicas forman parte de una gama de síndromes epilépticos generalizados idiopáticos dentro de los cuales se incluye la epilepsia de ausencia infantil (EAI) y la epilepsia de ausencia juvenil (EAJ). Las ausencias típicas son el signo pivote de dichos síndromes cuyas características incluyen la pérdida transitoria de consciencia, de inicio y terminación súbita, sin pérdida de tono muscular con grado variable de automatismos cuya frecuencia y severidad puede variar según cada caso. Fisiopatológicamente las crisis se asocian a una sobreactivación del circuito tálamo cortical. La EAI suele asociar buen pronóstico con alto porcentaje de remisión mientras que la EAJ suele ser un trastorno que persiste de por vida. El tratamiento se fundamenta en el uso de fármacos anticrisis tal como la etosuximida, ácido valproico y lamotrigina. Las ausencias también se pueden manifestar de manera atípica las cuales suelen presentarse en el Síndrome de Lennox Gastaut, epilepsia con crisis mioclónicas-atónicas, encefalopatía epiléptica con punta y onda continua durante el sueño (CSWS), entre otras. Generalmente dicho tipo de crisis asocia un pronóstico poco favorable en donde con frecuencia la meta terapéutica se enfoca en lograr una reducción en la incidencia de las crisis y no la remisión completa.
Reporte de caso:
Authors: Lee Shih Halest Star , Carter Herrera Roberto Francisco , Benavides Aguilar César Augusto
Published: December 2024

No es inusual encontrar variantes anatómicas en el cuerpo humano y con estas, la aparición de implicaciones clínicas importantes durante el estudio y el tratamiento de una enfermedad. En la actualidad sabemos que la arteria braquial origina como una continuación de la arteria axilar, y que sus ramas conducen y otorgan el aporte sanguíneo al miembro superior. Desconocer la posibilidad de que una variante como la bifurcación alta de la arteria braquial pueda existir, podría condicionar a que ocurra una lesión, en este caso, de dicha arteria durante una intervención médica o quirúrgica, y de manera indirecta, de las estructuras que se encuentran irrigadas por esta. Por lo que es importante que, los estudiantes y profesionales en ciencias de la salud durante su formación en los laboratorios de anatomía y en su práctica clínica profesional, no olviden de la existencia de las variantes anatómicas más usuales y las implicaciones clínicas que conllevarían.
Biología del desarrollo de los ovocitos y enfoques para superar su disminución con el aumento de la edad en las mujeres
Authors: Waugh Chacon Nicole Marie
Published: December 2024

La cantidad de ovocitos y folículos que una mujer llevará en sus ovarios durante su vida se establece desde el desarrollo fetal y va disminuyendo con la edad, sobre todo a partir de los 32 años. Aparte de una disminución en cantidad, se habla de una disminución en su calidad. La creciente tendencia de las mujeres mayores de 35 años de retrasar el embarazo aumenta los procedimientos con tecnologías de reproducción asistida debido a la disminución de la fertilidad. Para mujeres de edad materna avanzada (EMA), la fertilización in vitro es el tratamiento más eficaz en comparación con la maduración in vitro y la estimulación ovárica/inseminación intrauterina. Para medir la calidad y éxito de estos procedimientos se utiliza la tasa acumulada de nacidos vivos (CLBR) y la tasa de embarazo. Los enfoques que se pueden utilizar en mujeres de EMA para aumentar su posibilidad de embarazo son la criopreservación de ovocitos, la estimulación ovárica controlada, las pruebas genéticas previas a la implantación (DGP) y la donación de ovocitos.