bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
માતૃભાષા શિક્ષણ અને ગુજરાતી ભાષા
Authors: મકવાણા સંજય
Published: February 2023

માનવજીવનમાં જે સ્થાન ભાષાનું છે તેટલું જ અને તેવું માતૃભાષાનું છે. માતૃભાષા આપણા જીવન સાથે વણાઇ ગયેલું અભિન્ન અંગ છે. જેવી રીતે ભાષા વિના માણસનો સઘળો વ્યવહાર શક્ય નથી તેવી રીતે માતૃભાષા પણ જન્મજાત સંસ્કારની જેમ આપણા જીવનમાં વણાઇ ગઈ હોય છે. આપણી સમગ્ર વિચારધારા અને સંસ્કૃતિ માતૃભાષાના રંગે રંગાયેલી છે.
શિક્ષણના માધ્યમ તરીકે માતૃભાષાનું મહત્વ અનન્ય છે. જન્મથી જ બાળકના બૌદ્ધિક, સામાજિક, સાંસ્કૃતિક, માનસિક અને વ્યક્તિત્વ ઘડતરની પ્રક્રિયામાં માતૃભાષાનું મહત્વ અનેકગણું છે. બાળકના પ્રાથમિક શિક્ષણ અને હવે તો જુનિયર-સિનિયર કે.જી. થી અંગ્રેજી માધ્યમમાં આપવાનો ક્રેઝ વધતો જાય છે ત્યારે બાળકના સર્વાંગિણ ઘડતરમાં જો પાયામાંથી જ માતૃભાષા દ્વારા શિક્ષણ આપવામાં આવે તો બાળકની તેજસ્વીતામાં વધારો થાય છે. માતૃભાષા વિના શિક્ષણ અધૂરું છે. સંદેશા વ્યવહારનું માધ્યમ પણ માતૃભાષામાં હોય તે ઇચ્છનીય છે. તેનાથી પ્રત્યાયન, સહજ – સરળતાથી થાય છે. વિચારો, સંદેશાઓ કે લાગણીની આપ-લે કરવામાં માતૃભાષા મહત્વનું કામ કરે છે. સંદેશા વ્યવહારનું માધ્યમ પણ માતૃભાષામાં હોય તે ઇચ્છનીય છે. તેનાથી પ્રત્યાયન, સહજ – સરળતાથી થાય છે. વિચારો, સંદેશાઓ કે લાગણીની આપ-લે કરવામાં માતૃભાષા મહત્વનું કામ કરે છે.
ગુજરાતી ભાષાની વાત કરીએ તો બાળકોને અંગ્રેજી માધ્યમમાં ભણાવવાની ગુજરાતી પ્રજાની ઘેલછા વચ્ચે હકીકત જોઈએ તો બિનગુજરાતી લોકોએ ભાવનાત્મક ભાષા ગુજરાતીને માતૃભાષા તરીકે અપનાવી લીધી છે.
માત્ર એક જ ભાષા દ્વારા આપણા ભાવોની સ્પષ્ટ વ્યંજના સંભવિત છે. માત્ર એક જ ભાષાના શબ્દોની વ્યંજનાને આપણે સહજ રીતે ગ્રહણ કરી શકીએ છીએ અને તે ભાષા એ આપણી માતૃભાષા છે. માતૃભાષા શિક્ષણ શા માટ હોવું જોઇએ ? તેનાથી શું લાભ-ગેરલાભ થાય અને શિક્ષણને ઉપકારક બનાવવામાં માતૃભાષા શિક્ષણનો શું ફાળો છે ? તે જાણવું પણ અત્યંત જરૂરી છે.
શિક્ષણની પ્રક્રિયા એ નિરંતર ચાલતી પ્રક્રિયા છે. તેમાં બદલાવ અને પરિવર્તનને અવકાશ ચોક્કસ છે. પણ જ્યાં સુધી સવાલ માતૃભાષા શિક્ષણનો છે તેમાં કોઇ સંજોગોમાં બાંધછોડ થવી જોઇએ નહી.
આપણી ઓળખ પર માતૃભાષાની મહત્વપૂર્ણ અસર પડે છે. તે આપણને પોતાનો વિકાસ કરવામાં મદદ કરે છે અને પછીના જીવનમાં આપણી જાત વિશેની આપણી સમજણને પ્રભાવિત કરે છે. ભાષા શિક્ષણ સતત વિકાસની પ્રક્રિયા છે. આપણે જોયું તેમ અનેક સ્તરેથી ભાષા શિક્ષણે ગતિશીલ, સહેલું, સરળ, સહજ બનાવી શકાય છે.
Sleep apnea in patients with primary chronic headache
Authors:   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Goyes Alirio Bastidas , Ortiz Sayuris Henríquez ,   Medicina Interna, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia, Acero Mondragón Edward ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Collazos Bahamon Estefanía ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Mantilla Barbarita ,   Medicina Interna, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia,   Neumología, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia, Tuta Quintero Eduardo ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Hincapié Díaz Gustavo ,   Neumología, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia, Quintero Muñoz Elías ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Acosta Hernández David ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia, Martínez Ayala Camila ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) can accompany patients with chronic primary headache (CPH), being a frequent cause of persistence of symptoms in these patients, however, the data studying this disorder in patients with CPH are still limited. Objective. To determine the frequency of SAS in patients with CPH. Methods. A retrospective cohort was analyzed in patients with a diagnosis of CPH in a third level hospital. CPH was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society and SAS with a polysomnographic record with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >5/h, the frequency of SAS was determined among the total number of patients with AHI >5/h over the total number of patients undergoing polysomnography. Results. A total of 114 subjects were included, where the SAS in CPH was 83.3%, of which 56.8% were men and 60% older than 50 years; 89% of the population had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 kg/m2. Fatigue and sleepiness during the day were the most frequent symptoms, reported in 89.5% of the population with SAS compared to 47.4% of the population without a diagnosis of SAS. Conclusion. Sleep apnea is a frequent condition in patients with CPH undergoing polysomnography, mainly overweight men over 50 years of age. The main associated symptoms are fatigue and sleepiness.
Design of Smart Walking Shoe for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Shelena Soosay Nathan  , Kuan Jung Ying  , Lim Hui Wen  , Lim Xin Weoi
Published: February 2023

Technology helps disabled people to get things done easier and in the case of visually impaired people, technology surely enables them to communicate to the surrounding environment independently. The purpose of this study is to propose design of smart walking shoe for the visually impaired people that incorporated with multi sensors. The main purpose of the proposed smart walking shoe is to guide the visually impaired people in a smarter way rather than using traditional method of walking stick. The smart walking shoe is proposed to be integrated with components such as moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensors, button, DF Player and speaker and Agile method will be used in the development process that involves Brainstorm, Design, Development, Quality Assurance and Deployment phase. The pre-evaluation testing shows that the smart walking shoe is shown to be effective as guiding tool to the visually impaired people to navigate independently. The future studies will be conducted by development and tested in actual environments.
Extended Blade Element Momentum Theory for the Design of Small-Scale Wind Turbines
Authors: Siti Amni Husna Roslan  , Zainudin A. Rasid  , Ahmad Kamal Ariffin
Published: February 2023

Blade element momentum theory (BEMT) has been widely used in the design of the small scale wind turbine (SSWT). However, the original BEMT has weaknesses in providing the final design values of the wind turbine blade partly due to inaccurate assumptions of infinite number of blades made in deriving the theory. As such, the theory has to be amended in certain areas to form the so called the extended BEMT. In this study, a SSWT blade is designed using the extended BEMT method considering 3 factors: tip loss, low thrust at high axial induction factor, and high angle of attack in post-stall region where 5 correction models applying also the tip loss correction factor have been compared to the original BEMT model. The SSWT rotor has a diameter of 3m. An airfoil, SG6043 known for its suitability for SSWTs is used in this study. Furthermore, the blade geometry prior to the conduct of the shape optimization process are calculated using polynomial obtained from experimental procedures. The effect of infinite number of blades can be seen here to change the axial induction factor, especially at the tip of the blade and as a result increases the lift coefficient, and overpredicts the overall power coefficient and power of the wind turbine. With the Prandtl’s tip loss factor along with the correction model, the corrected final values of aerodynamic performances have been determined.
Probing the Earliest Phases in the Formation of Massive Galaxies with Simulated HST+JWST Imaging Data from Illustris
Authors: García-Argumánez Ángela , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Gil de Paz Armando , Snyder Gregory F. , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Bagley Micaela B. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Ferguson Harry C. , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Annunziatella Marianna , Cleri Nikko J. , Cooper M. C. , Costantin Luca , Holwerda Benne W. , Mérida Rosa María , Rose Caitlin , Giavalisco Mauro , Grogin Norman A. , Kocevski Dale D.
Published: February 2023

We use the Illustris-1 simulation to explore the capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data to analyze the stellar populations in high-redshift galaxies, taking advantage of the combined depth, spatial resolution, and wavelength coverage. For that purpose, we use simulated broadband ACS, WFC3, and NIRCam data and two-dimensional stellar population synthesis (2D-SPS) to derive the integrated star formation history (SFH) of massive (M
* > 1010
M
⊙) simulated galaxies at 1 < z < 4 that evolve into a local M
* > 1011
M
⊙ galaxy. In particular, we explore the potential of HST and JWST data sets reaching a depth similar to those of the CANDELS and ongoing CEERS observations, respectively, and concentrate on determining the capabilities of this data set for characterizing the first episodes in the SFH of local M
* > 1011
M
⊙ galaxies by studying their progenitors at z > 1. The 2D-SPS method presented in this paper has been calibrated to robustly recover the cosmic times when the first star formation episodes occurred in massive galaxies, i.e., the first stages in their integrated SFHs. In particular, we discuss the times when the first 1%–50% of their total stellar mass formed in the simulation. We demonstrate that we can recover these ages with typical median systematic offset of less than 5% and scatter around 20%–30%. According to our measurements on Illustris data, we are able to recover that local M
* > 1011
M
⊙ galaxies would have started their formation by z = 16, forming the first 5% of their stellar mass present at z ∼ 1 by z = 4.5, 10% by z = 3.7, and 25% by z = 2.7.
A Special State Transition in the Blazar OT 081: Implication for the Unified State Transition Paradigm of Different-scale Black Hole Systems
Authors: Ding Nan , Gu Qiusheng , Tang Yunyong , Geng Xiongfei , Chen Yongyun , Guo Xiaotong
Published: February 2023

Exploring the similar behavior of black hole systems with different scales will provide insight into the unified physical laws of black hole systems. Here, we report a special spectral state transition process in blazar OT 081, which is driven by a supermassive black hole. Based on the X-ray flux versus photon index distribution, stacked average X-ray spectra, L
2500Å
− α
ox parameters, and broadband spectral energy distributions, we conducted a pilot study on the spectral state transition for this blazar system. The analysis results suggest that the source transitions through a steady-state point from a strong corona, weak jet unsteady state to a weak corona, strong jet unsteady state. This state transition behavior is similar to that observed in the much smaller Galactic black hole binary systems, providing further observational evidence for the possible existence of a unified state transition paradigm for black hole systems with different scales.
Spectral Analysis of Clay-bearing Outcrops in Northern Xanthe Terra, Mars: Comparison with Oxia Planum, the Landing Site for the ExoMars Rover Mission
Authors: Brossier Jeremy , Altieri Francesca , De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Frigeri Alessandro , Ferrari Marco , De Angelis Simone , Apuzzo Andrea ,   the Ma_MISS team
Published: February 2023

Clay minerals detected on Mars are valuable targets to seek traces of life on the planet, where biosignatures might be preserved. Here, we report an in-depth spectral analysis of clay-rich outcrops identified in northern Xanthe Terra (300°–320° E, 10°–20° N). We focused particularly on the absorptions centered in the 1.0–2.6 μm spectral range to (1) constrain the mineralogy of the clay outcrops, (2) map their strength and distribution throughout the region, and thus (3) develop a better understanding of the geologic environment at circum–Chryse Planitia. We then compared the infrared signatures in Xanthe Terra and Oxia Planum. Like in Oxia Planum, Xanthe’s clays are consistent with either Fe-bearing saponites or vermiculites. However, the spectral signatures in Xanthe are weaker relative to Oxia Planum, perhaps due to significant dust cover in the region. Besides the spectral signatures, northern Xanthe Terra displays several morphological features similar to Oxia Planum, indicating long-lasting aqueous activity (fluvial channels and fan deltas). Clays found at the fan deltas could be detrital (fluvial transport) or authigenic (lacustrine or deltaic sedimentation), while the origin of clays seen elsewhere on the surrounding plateaus remains undetermined. Oxia Planum has been selected as the landing site for ESA’s ExoMars “Rosalind Franklin” rover, where its instruments will search for signs of life and constrain the nature and origin of the clays. This exploration will indubitably provide new clues on the clays found in the circum-Chryse basin.
Towards a Radical Phenomenological Critique: Anonymity, Bodily Being, and the Intersubjective Field
Authors: Feng Janice
Published: February 2023

Quelle est la signification du « corps anonyme » ou, plus simplement, de l’anonymat dans l’usage qu’en fait Merleau-Ponty? Peut-elle offrir des ressources pour une critique féministe radicale et une politique émancipatrice? Certaines philosophes féministes en ont traité comme un idéal universel abstrait du corps qui est à la fois exempt de toute particularité et qui présume tacitement que le corps blanc masculin servirait de norme et aurait une puissance normative. D’autres ont voulu montrer que l’anonymat éclaire les manières dont la domination et la normativité sont intrinsèques à la constitution corporelle. Je soutiens que le « corps anonyme » peut être lu d’une manière productive pour la compréhension des manières dont le corps vécu est fondamentalement constitué par des relations concrètes de pouvoir. Plus particulièrement, je reprends deux lectures de l’anonymat, l’une comme temporalité vécue – un passé sédimenté – et l’autre comme intériorité corporelle. Prises ensemble, ces lectures montrent que l’anonymat soutient le champ intersubjectif, qui joue un rôle clé dans la description de la constitution corporelle de Merleau-Ponty. Je reprends ensuite cette description pour lire la théorie du schéma corporel de Frantz Fanon et les histoires autobiographiques de l’écrivaine et activiste yankton Zitkála-Šá, le tout afin de montrer que le déni de l’anonymat, qui dérange le champ intersubjectif, a pour résultat une violence et des maux considérables. Le tout servira à montrer que la description du corps anonyme par Merleau-Ponty fournit d’importantes ressources pour une politique émancipatrice et une critique philosophique radicale.
Enjeux croisés de formation des acteurs et de résilience en chirurgie urologique assistée par un robot
Authors: Lefrançois Julien , Vidal-Gomel Christine , Olivier Élise , Rigaud Jérôme
Published: February 2023

Le secteur des soins vit actuellement de nombreuses transformations, notamment technologiques avec le développement de la robotique chirurgicale. Dans ce contexte, des questions de sécurité des patients et de formation des personnels s’enchevêtrent, les enjeux sont multiples : garantir la santé du patient tout en assurant les missions de formation initiale et continue des acteurs. Ils sont abordés sous l’angle de fiabilité et de résilience de ce système sociotechnique, ce qui conduit à mettre l’accent sur les stratégies de guidage de l’interne, le fonctionnement du collectif, l’identification des moments de surcharge du chirurgien et les ressources disponibles pour la résilience. Ces résultats engagent des réflexions sur la formation des acteurs et particulièrement celle des internes au bloc opératoire.
Recherches doctorales intéressant la formation des adultes : noyau et cercle élargi de thèses soutenues aux États-Unis de 2000 à 2022, comparaison avec la France
Authors: Las Vergnas Olivier , Bury Patrick , Jeunesse Christophe
Published: February 2023

Cet article explore les thèses de doctorat de recherche soutenues aux États-Unis entre 2000 et 2022, concernant la formation des adultes et accessibles dans la base PQDT. Il complète une première étude publiée dans le précédent numéro de la revue Savoirs . Il s’appuie sur des analyses lexicales et bibliométriques pour proposer et étudier deux corpus de tailles différentes. Le premier (noyau = 1 649 thèses) regroupe les thèses faisant explicitement référence au thème dans leur titre ou mots clefs, et le second (cercle élargi = 13 684 thèses, dont 12 035 supplémentaires non contenues dans le noyau) y fait référence dans le résumé, le titre ou les mots clefs. Une double analyse lexicale de chacun est conduite : analyse des seuls titres et mots clefs, puis analyse élargie aux contenus des résumés. Ces analyses montrent que : (1) Comme en France, il n’y a pas vraiment de marqueur commun à tous les travaux sur la FdA, il s’agit d’une juxtaposition de travaux plus ou moins thématiques. (2) Les résumés de thèses étasuniens sont beaucoup plus centrés, d’une part sur les questions de méthodologie, d’autre part sur l’individu, que leurs homologues français. (3) Chaque pays présente, d’une part des classes spécifiques, comme « didactique professionnelle » et « VAE » en France, « theology », « online learning » et « transformative learning » aux États-Unis et d’autre part des thématiques communes : santé, langues, formation des enseignants et transformations biographiques. (4) Aux États-Unis, on observe une forte croissance des méthodes par entretiens et une forte diminution des études quantitatives ; par ailleurs les thématiques « andragogy, instructional design » et « colleges » sont en croissance tandis que « art, social et transformative » et « health » sont en décroissance.
Parabolic transport measurement of hydrodynamic forces for flow around circular/triangular distance dependent obstructions: Finite element analysis
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Shatanawi Wasfi , Abodayeh Kamal , Shatnawi Taqi A.M.
Published: February 2023

The present effort is the low Reynolds finite element hybrid meshed solution to apprehend the flow field properties in a convergent-divergent (CD) domain having engineering standpoints applications. To be more specific, we have considered the CD domain rooted with two types of obstructions in three various arrangements namely triangular/triangular, circular/triangular, and triangular/circular in CD throat. The viscous fluid is introduced from the inlet and interacts with installed obstacles. The moving stream in the channel is modelled mathematically in terms of the two-dimensional time-independent equations. The finite element approach is used to disclose numerical solutions by means of a hybrid meshing scheme. Optimized drag and lift force values encountered by an obstruction are offered through line integration across the external obstruction surfaces. In comparison to obstruction in left vicinity, the lift force faced by the triangle obstacle on the right side of the CD throat is larger. Furthermore, as compared to the drag force faced by the triangular obstruction in the same proximity, the circular obstacle experienced greater values as a drag. The lifting force sensed by the triangular cylinder is larger than circular cylinders. The assessment of marine hydrodynamic forces and stability individualities for fully or partially submerged objects in ocean engineering will benefit from the results of this study.
Prazer-sofrimento de profissionais de um serviço de tratamento para usuários de drogas no contexto de pandemia/Pleasure-suffering of professionals working in drug users’ treatment in the pandemic context
Authors: Da Silva Kellen , Dal Pai Daiane , Wagner Camatta Márcio , Petri Tavares Juliana
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: descrever fatores que geram prazer e sofrimento no trabalho de profissionais de um serviço em adição para usuários de drogas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: duas vertentes metodológicas, uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa, foram realizadas com 39 trabalhadores da equipe multiprofissional do serviço em adição (internação e ambulatório). A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de outubro a dezembro de 2020, e foi realizada com aplicação da Escala de Avaliação do Contexto do Trabalho, Escala de Indicadores de Prazer e Sofrimento no Trabalho e grupos de discussão. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e analítica, e os qualitativos, à análise do núcleo de sentido. Resultados: identificou-se avaliação crítica para organização do trabalho, condições de trabalho e esgotamento profissional. O sofrimento foi manifestado pela falta de reconhecimento e pelo esgotamento profissional, associados às consequências clínicas e psicológicas com a pandemia. O prazer no trabalho esteve presente na oportunidade de aprendizado, nas novas relações e atividades de ensino. Conclusão: o sofrimento no trabalho foi evidenciado diante das exigências impostas pela pandemia, porém vivências de prazer e estratégia defensivas foram vislumbradas como fontes de proteção aos trabalhadores do serviço.
Barreiras arquitetônicas nos serviços de atenção básica: percepção de enfermeiros/Architectural barriers in primary care services: nurses’ perception
Authors: Bozzetto De David Caroline , Pagel Floriano da Silva Amarílis , Lucion Farinha Angélica , Stein Backes Dirce , Siepmann Soccol Keity Laís , Silveira Colomé Juliana
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar as barreiras arquitetônicas de acesso aos serviços de saúde na Atenção Básica e as repercussões dessas no processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Metódo: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em oito serviços de Atenção Básica, do Rio Grande do Sul, junto a dez enfermeiros. Para a coleta dos dados realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de abril a julho de 2018. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: as dificuldades físicas e arquitetônicas vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros interferem no cuidado dos usuários e no processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros, bem como o ambiente se configura como fator de risco à saúde desses. Conclusão: a estrutura física inadequada e insalubre interfere negativamente no processo de trabalho e cuidado, bem como os expõe a riscos ocupacionais. É urgente a necessidade de reformas e investimentos nos serviços de saúde públicos da atenção básica a fim de se alcançar melhores condições de saúde à população.
úde públicos da atenção básica.
Custos e benefícios da atenção domiciliar para pessoas com condições crônicas complexas: revisão integrativa/ Costs and benefits of home care for people with complex chronic conditions: an integrative review
Authors: Braga Patrícia Pinto , Castro Edna Aparecida Barbosa de , Souza Thiago de Medeiros , Leone Denise Rocha Raimundo , Souza Meriele Sabrina de , Silva Kênia Lara da
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar os custos e benefícios da atenção domiciliar de adultos ou idosos com condições crônicas complexas (CCC). Método: revisão integrativa,relatada segundo oPreferred Reporting Items for Syste­matic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Os resultados foram submetidos àanálise narrativa. Resultados: A amostra final foi de 18 estudos, publicados no período de 2008 a 2021.As CCC identificadas foram insuficiência cardíaca grave, doença renal crônica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica,múltiplas condições crônicas, pacientes sob quimioterapia e em cuidados paliativos. A modalidade de atenção domiciliar prevalente foi o monitoramento adistância. Conclusão: Identificou-se redução de custos entre 23,9% e 67,1%, com variações entre os componentes analisados e as metodologias utilizadas para o cálculo. Os benefícios incluem diminuição de hospitalizações; redução de exacerbações de sintomas e do uso de serviços de saúde, melhoria na qualidade de vida e controle mais eficaz das condições crônicas complexas com autocuidado e autogerenciamento.
Cuidados de enfermagem a crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde / Nursing care for children and adolescents with special health needs
Authors: Silveira Andressa da , Chaves de Vargas Tainara Giovana , Portela de Oliveira Juliana , Henrich Cazuni Mariana , Da Rosa Bruna , De Vargas Bueno Tífani , Monteiro dos Santos Lairany
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: investigar as demandas de cuidados, na ótica da equipe de enfermagem, a crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde (CRIANES) hospitalizadas. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 11 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Unidade de internação pediátrica de um hospital da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, nos meses de novembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. As enunciações foram duplamente transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados:  os profissionais elucidaram sobre a presença de familiares cuidadores durante a hospitalização em unidade pediátrica. A equipe manifestou a importância do conhecimento técnico-científico, bem como as potencialidades e fragilidades no processo de trabalho com essa população específica. Considerações finais: A assistência do cuidado de enfermagem com CRIANES exige habilidades técnico-científicas, assim como a criação do vínculo equipe-paciente-família. Desse modo, enfatiza-se a necessidade da educação continuada dos profissionais, para fornecer assistência humanizada e resolutiva, diminuindo os índices de reinternações.
Intervenções educativas remotas para o letramento de adultos com hipertensão arterial na atenção primária/ Remote educational interventions for the literacy of adults with arterial hypertension in primary care
Authors: Louíse Küchler Mahara , Mantovani Maria de Fatima , Paes Robson Giovani , Paz Vanêssa Piccinin , Gribner Fernanda Cegan , Silva Emanuele Cristina de Sousa
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar as intervenções educativas remotas para o letramento de adultos com hipertensão arterial na atenção primária. Método: intervenção prática, desenvolvida a partir do conhecimento sobre a hipertensão, de adultos cadastrados em unidade básica de saúde localizada em uma Região Metropolitana, no estado do Paraná, Brasil, de março a dezembro de 2020. Aplicou-se questionário clínico e sociodemográfico, Item-Eight Health Literacy Assessment Tool e Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. As ligações telefônicas foram audiogravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas em diário de campo. Os dados dos instrumentos foram analisados por frequência simples, relativa, média e desvio padrão, e as informações do diário de campo por domínios. Resultados: na avaliação do letramento em saúde, observou-se aumento da média na questão relativa às informações de saúde de baixa e alta qualidade na internet. No instrumento de conhecimento, as questões relativas à adesão medicamentosa, dieta e mudança no estilo de vida apresentaram 100% de acertos no segundo momento. Conclusão: as intervenções educativas remotas demonstraram influência no letramento em saúde e no conhecimento sobre a hipertensão, havendo aumento de acertos nas questões relativas às informações de saúde na internet e de mudança no estilo de vida. Sendo assim, destaca-se o potencial  do telemonitoramento como forma de acompanhamento e  promoção de saúde, favorecendo o controle da doença.
Human mpox (monkeypox): Epidemiologic, pathogenetic and clinical characteristics, and prevention
Authors: Xiong Husheng , Tan Jinlin , Zhang Dingmei
Published: February 2023

Mpox (monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus, which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus. Concern has recently been expressed over the appearance of the human monkeypox virus and its severe clinical presentation that resembles smallpox. Currently, due to the decrescence of immunity among smallpox-vaccinated residents, and the accumulation of unvaccinated cohorts, people are generally susceptible to mpox. A cumulative number of 79411 laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox and 50 fatalities have been reported to the World Health Organization from 110 countries between 1 January and 13 November 2022. This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox, and control and prevention approaches for mpox to fully understand and prevent human infections.
Tackling Conflicts, Supporting Livelihoods
Authors: Nchanji Yvonne Kiki , Ramcilovic-Suominen Sabaheta , Nchanji Eileen Bogweh , Mala William Armand , Kotilainen Juha
Published: February 2023

While most of the literature on park management and nature conservation has focused on the negative implications for local people's livelihoods, fewer studies have empirically analysed local people's strategies in responding to these policies and renegotiating their position to continue their traditional livelihoods using their traditional knowledge and legal systems. This study contributes to the current literature on nature conservation by focusing on the impacts of nationally and internationally driven nature conservation policies on indigenous people and local communities (IPLCs) and collective strategies and responses to such policies and initiatives to continue their livelihood and cultural practices. We employ a qualitative research approach, using the convivial conservation theoretical lens to analyse the data collected. We conclude that conservation policies have worsened existing livelihoods and constrained the improvement of indigenous people's livelihoods and local communities. Yet, IPLCs have devised coping mechanisms to deal with the negative effects of these conservation interventions, which include resistance to some conservation policies, agricultural intensification, and involvement in commercial activities. We argue that the convivial conservation approach may offer viable solutions to existing conflicts by promoting human and non-human coexistence, based on indigenous and local people's knowledge and practices.
Spousal Violence among Reproductive Age Group Women – A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Katole Ashwini , Saoji Ajeet , Kumar Mohan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence, and the factors associated with it among reproductive age group women.

Materials and Methods:

This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Urban Health Training Center area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India, among married women between 15 and 49 years of age who were selected using systematic random sampling. The data was collected from a sample of 373 women by face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v21.

Results:

The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15–49 years) women was found to be 59.7%, with emotional violence (54.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (51.2%) and sexual (43.4%) violence in that order. Regular alcohol consumption of husband had the highest odds of spousal violence among women (odds ratio [OR] 12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.51–24.03). Other factors associated with spousal violence among reproductive age group women were early age at marriage, literacy and employment of women and husband, lack of emotional support from the family members, and dowry-related problems in the family.

Conclusion:

A multifaceted approach including legal measures, empowerment of women, and sociocultural factors involving families, institutions, governmental, nongovernmental, and civil society organizations is the need of the hour.
Comparative Assessment of Modified Self-Reported Periodontal Risk Assessment Model and Periodontal Risk Assessment Model among the Adult Population
Authors: Vishwakarma Prashanth , Ray Prachi M. , Dodamani Arun , Hamand Asmita , Mali Gaurav , Jain Vardhman
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

A high burden of periodontal diseases is seen in the adult population. Hence, it is important to monitor the risk and progression of periodontal diseases. Instead of using complex clinical periodontal risk assessment models, self-reported measures would be favorable for obtaining data in order to conduct research and surveillance of population over time on the progression of periodontitis. Our aim was to compare two tools for periodontal risk assessment, the originally described periodontal risk assessment (PRA) model given by Lang and Tonetti and the modified self-reported periodontal risk assessment model, in patients, depending upon can be changed to after.

Materials and Methods:

All the participants completed a questionnaire used for modified self-reported periodontal risk assessment model. Periodontal status of the participants was recorded using the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) model given by Lang and Tonetti.

Results:

Among 50 patients examined 28, 14, and eight were in low-, moderate-, high-risk groups, respectively, identified by self-reported periodontal risk assessment, whereas 34, 10, and six were in low-, moderate-, high-risk groups, respectively, when identified by the PRA model given by Lang and Tonetti. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.835, and it represents good predictability of self-reported periodontal risk assessment model.

Conclusion:

This is feasible method with self-reported measures; it is easier, of low cost, and requires less equipment for obtaining data for research and surveillance of the periodontal status of a population.
Status of Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Initiated on Treatment in an Urban Setting, South India
Authors: Velayutham Banurekha , Jayabal Lavanya , Watson Basilea , Jagadeesan Saraswathy , Suresh Chandra , Nair Dina , Gopalaswamy Radha , Devaleenal Bella , Selvaraju Sriram , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Early initiation of drug susceptibility testing (DST) guided anti-tuberculosis treatment benefits the patient in terms of better treatment outcomes and possibly reduces the transmission of tuberculosis (TB) disease in the community. To determine the status of universal DST (UDST) coverage in smear-positive pulmonary TB patients (PTB) initiated on treatment under the TB program in Greater Chennai Corporation. In addition, the barriers and facilitators for UDST were explored.

Material and Methods:

The data of PTB patients who were initiated on anti-TB treatment from July to December 2019 was abstracted from the NI-KSHAY database of TB Program. The barriers and facilitators for UDST were explored in 5 focus group discussions (FGDs) among the TB program healthcare workers (HCW). UDST coverage was based on the availability of Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification test (CBNAAT) results in the NI-KSHAY database.

Results:

The CBNAAT result was available for 1628 (82.6%) of the 1970 smear-positive PTB patients. Non-availability of CBNAAT results was significantly higher among the older age group (>50 years), in female PTB patients, and the Private Sector. Issues with sputum collection, transport of specimens, and receipt of results were highlighted by the HCWs for the non-availability of UDST results.

Conclusion:

Universal DST coverage in smear-positive PTB patients initiated on treatment in 2019 in Chennai was optimal as per National Strategic Plan for TB elimination UDST target of 80% for the year 2020 but with scope for improvement. The low UDST coverage in the private sector, among female patients and older age groups, needs to be addressed.
Evaluation of Scrub Typhus Surveillance, Alwar District, Rajasthan, India, July-August 2020
Authors: Prajapati Surendra M. , Kaushal Kanica , Tiwari Simmi , Shewale Ajit , Nale Tushar , Dikid Tanzin
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Scrub typhus is one of the most underreported and fatal illnesses accounting for 23% of all febrile illness. Rajasthan reported cases during 2018–2019 in state reporting system but did not report any case to central Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) unit. We evaluated the Scrub typhus surveillance system in Alwar district, Rajasthan, with the objective of describing and evaluating the system and providing evidence-based recommendations to identify gaps.

Material and Methods:

In cross-sectional study, we reviewed records and conducted key informant interviews at district- and block-level health facilities. Using US Centers for Disease Control guidelines, we evaluated the system by framing indicators for selected attributes for a defined reference period. Overall performance was ranked as outstanding (90–100%), excellent (80–89%), very good (70–79%), good (60–69%), and poor (<60%).

Results:

Line list of confirmed cases was sent from district to block level for additional active case search (ACS) to implement control measures. We conducted 26 key informant interviews and reviewed records and calculated simplicity as 79%, flexibility 100%, data quality 46%, acceptability 92%, representativeness 48%, timeliness 43%, and stability 79%.

Conclusions:

Epidemiological surveillance (active and passive) is a core intervention under scrub typhus surveillance system. Lab reports were incompletely uploaded on IDSP portal. Surveillance reports should be updated after each ACS. Reporting format under IDSP should be uploaded timely, and lab reports from state should be sent within 48 hours of diagnosis so that case investigation is not delayed.
A Decomposition Analysis to Understand the Wealth-Based Inequalities in Child Vaccination in Rural Southern Assam: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Roy Dipankar , Debnath Avijit , Sarma Munmi , Roy Dipanjan , Das Kinnor
Published: February 2023

Background:

The socio-environmental aspects of southern Assam reflect a general pattern of backwardness. Moreover, child healthcare resources in the region are inadequately used, leading to low vaccination coverage. Given this background, this paper attempted to comprehend wealth-based inequality in full vaccination in rural areas of southern Assam.

Methodology:

Based on a multistage cluster sampling approach, 360 children of 12–23 months were selected from the study area. To identify the predictors of a child, a non-linear model was estimated by using the generalized linear model (GLM) approach followed by Erreygers decomposition technique to quantify the wealth inequality in the obtained predictors in explaining the disparity in full vaccination.

Result:

The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination recorded the highest vaccination coverage, at nearly 90% and the lowest was observed for the measles vaccine, around 61 percent. Slightly more than half of the eligible children (54 percent) were vaccinated against all the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)-recommended vaccines. The decomposition analysis revealed that the occupation of the child’s father, maternal age, birth order of the child, and health-seeking behavior such as antenatal care (ANC) were the prime factors related to inequality in full vaccination in the region.

Conclusion:

Vaccination coverage in the region has improved over time, however, full vaccination is concentrated towards the economically advantaged section of the society in rural southern Assam. Targeted, context-specific, and expanded government initiatives could aid in addressing the overall wealth-related full vaccination inequalities in the valley.
Cost-Effectiveness of Currently Available Diagnostic Tools for Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis Under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program
Authors: Bhatia Ragini , Chauhan Anil , Kaur Kulbir , Rana Monika , Singh Meenu
Published: February 2023

In India, children do not get diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) for reasons such as lack of screening modality at the health-care settings, inadequate sputum sample, and low detection rate. This study aims to assess various modalities for diagnosis of pediatric TB and their cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness was found for various diagnostic modalities for TB diagnosis in children of India below 15 years of age. TrueNat MTB was the intervention being compared to GeneXpert MTB and sputum microscopy. Evidence pertinent to effectiveness and cost per test, and health benefits in terms of disability adjusted life years were researched and documented. Modeling a cohort of children through a decision tree and assimilating costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) at each step gave results in the form of cost-effectiveness. Interventions were compared by calculating the cost-effectiveness ratio. The results revealed that TrueNat is more cost effective (Rs. 9450/DALY averted) compared to GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Rs. 9750/DALY averted). The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of TrueNat with respect to GeneXpert was found to be Rs. 5925 per DALY averted. Diagnosis through TrueNat point of care (POC) will avert 962 more DALYs compared to GeneXpert. As is evident from the results, TrueNat does alleviate disability caused by TB in children as more DALYs are averted. At an additional cost of Rs. 5925 to avert one DALY, which is below the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for India (for 2021, it was $2277), TrueNat can have significant health benefits.
India’s Multi-Sectoral Response to Oxygen Surge Demand during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mirza Moonis , Verma Madhur , Sahoo Soumya S. , Roy Sanjay , Kakkar Rakesh , Singh Dinesh K.
Published: February 2023

Oxygen support became one of the rate-limiting steps for medical care during COVID-19 pandemic in India. The primary aim of this study was to appraise the manufacturing, supply, and distribution of medical oxygen during the pandemic. The secondary objectives were to highlight the coordination of various stakeholders to mitigate the oxygen surge and to present a critical analysis of India’s response to the emergent situation. Using an analytic approach, we have delineated India’s response to mitigate the medical oxygen surge during the distressing second peak between March–May 2021. In the pre-COVID-19 era, of the total 6900 MT of oxygen produced in India, only 1000 MT was available for medical usage, which was increased up to 19940 MT through the strengthening of in-house oxygen manufacturing, low-cost innovations, and enhanced storage facilities. High-burden states were identified, and transport was facilitated through departments of railways, defence and civil aviation. Real-time scrutiny of the oxygen supply was provided. Essential customs duties on importing oxygen and vital equipment were exempted, along with other swift decisions. National Oxygen Stewardship Program’ was initiated to build the capacity of health care workers in oxygen therapy and rational use of surplus oxygen. The pandemic overwhelmed the health system. But a coordinated multi-stakeholder approach facilitated the fight against oxygen surge. However, a comprehensive pandemic response will need more than just oxygen. This resourceful utilization offers a silver lining and facilitates the improvement of health systems and health outcomes in the long term.
Development and Validation of Social-Cognitive Theory Based Oral Cancer Awareness Assessment Tool for Adolescents
Authors: Darukaradhya Tejaswini B. , Shwetha K. M , Krishnappa Pushpanjali
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Creating oral cancer awareness among adolescents will bring change by modifying the risk factors responsible for oral cancer. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one promising theory for developing oral cancer awareness programmes among school adolescents. However, data are limited on SCT-based intervention assessment in creating oral cancer awareness among rural community. To develop and validate a SCT-based Oral Cancer Awareness (SCT-OCA) assessment/survey tool for evaluation of intervention implementation.

Material and Methods:

A mixed method design encompassing both qualitative and quantitative was accomplished to develop and validate the assessment tool for rural setting.

Methods and Material:

Domains and items for SCT-OCA assessment tool for adolescents were selected using subject matter expert. A 21-item assessment tool was developed using three rounds of Delphi technique and validated using Lawshe method. The knowledge on oral cancer and its risk factors and key constructs of social-cognitive theory was selected as items of the tool. The final assessment tool was translated to regional language, which was used for evaluation of intervention implementation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 16. Descriptive statistics includes means, standard deviations and frequency. Validation using Lawshe, component factor analysis and Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated.

Results:

The overall content validity ratio was agreeable, and 21 items were finally selected in assessment tool. The overall Cronbach’s alphas of 0.718 for survey was acceptable. The agreement was good for the domains of tool.

Conclusions:

This study developed the SCT-OCA assessment tool for intervention specifically designed for adolescents to measure oral cancer awareness.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Population at the First Antenatal Visit
Authors: Siddiquie Asfia , Afeen Amera , Mohammed Jalal Mohiuddin , Basha Mohammed Jaan , Shamsunder C.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency is a growing health concern and pregnant population is considered to be high risk group. The proposed regimen for the Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is 400 IU,1000 IU daily for routine and high risk group (dark skin, obese, inadequate sunlight exposure) respectively. 20,000 units weekly for 6-8 weeks followed by maintenance dose in population with Vitamin D deficiency. The effects of Vitamin D deficiency include pre-eclampsia, increased LSCS incidence, impaired glucose tolerance for mother and low birth weight, hypocalcaemia, poor skeletal growth and immunity for the foetus. Although food may provide small amounts of both vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), exposure to sunlight is by far the major source of vitamin D to the body, the vitamin being synthesized from cholesterol derivatives.

Materials and Method:

A cross sectional study over 50 subjects was done after ethical clearance in the department of orthopedics of our medical college. The blood samples along with demographic and clinical data in a questionnaire collected.

Results:

The results revealed 92% of the study subjects to have either deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. The various other parameters contributing directly or indirectly were evaluated.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

There is need for taking a multidisciplinary approach to patient care and referral to Orthopedics department at the earliest red flags signs of vitamin D deficiency. Creating awareness in the target population can be achieved with counselling and using print media with the pregnancy kits.
Global Assessment of Hip Function to Avoid Over- or Undertreatment of Hip Deformities
Authors: Gourineni Prasad , Senthil Vishnu
Published: February 2023

“Four pillar concept” of hip function, consists of providing good femoral head cartilage, stable head in the acetabulum, Impingement free hip motion and optimum abductor function for any hip pathologies. In management of peadiatric and adult hip pathologies, hip optimization is achieved with the Four pillar concept.