bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scenario-Based Learning Approach for Enhancing Al-Azhar University-Gaza Student-Teachers’ TEFL Practices in Inclusive Education Classes
Authors: Shaaban Sumer S. Abu , Shaat Mohamed A.
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to reveal the role of scenario-based learning (SBL) approach in enhancing elementary stage student- teachers' TEFL practices in inclusive education classes. The researchers followed a quasi-experimental research design and used the SBL approach with a group of 24 elementary stage student-teachers from Al-Azhar University-Gaza who were enrolled in inclusive education for Grades 1_4 course. The experiment was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2018_2019 and consisted of 8-hr a week of training for 2 weeks. The participants tackled a set of scenarios and related questions delivered to them. Students had to work in groups of three or four to treat the scenarios that focused on the three main TEFL practices of inclusive education classes: organising class environment, organising special needs students and organising teaching evaluation activities. The researchers designed a test for TEFL practices in inclusive education classes and presented it to student-teachers before and after the experiment. The test was divided into two parts. The theoretical part included 30 TEFL practices in inclusive education classes, and each item included five options for students to choose one. The practical part included two classroom situations and invited students to write a scenario for each one. Results indicate that there are some fundamental bases to be considered when using the SBL, which showed a positive effect on enhancing AL-Azhar University-Gaza student-teachers' TEFL practices in inclusive education classes. Moreover, the participants made some suggestions for improving the use of SBL in teaching.
Pengaruh Realistic Mathemathic Education (RME) dengan Teknik Pair Cheks pada Materi Pecahan terhadap Prestasi Siswa SD
Authors: Fitriani Pipit , Permana Rahmat , Nugraha Mohammad Fahmi
Published: July 2022

Kendala yang sering ditemui guru dalam mengajar Matematika diantaranya rendahnya prestasi siswa dan motivasi siswa yang cenderung rendah. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran Matematika yaitu dengan menerapkan pendekatan Realistic Mathemathic Education (RME) dengan Teknik Pair Checks pada materi pecahan. Dengan pendekatan RME dengan Teknik Pair Checks diharapkan adanya perubahan pada prestasi belajar siswa dalam pelajaran Matematika materi pecahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh RME dengan Teknik Pair Checks Materi Pecahan Terhadap Prestasi Siswa Kelas IV SDN Babakan Kadu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan design Nonrandomized Control Group, Pretest–Posttest Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Babakan Kadu. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Babakan Kadu yang berjumlah 58 siswa. Seluruh populasi digunakan penelitian maka disebut sampel total. Teknik pengumpulan data melakukan tes (pretest dan postest). Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bawah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan aplikasi SPSS 16, memperoleh sig 0,002 0,05 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan Ho ditolak. RME dengan teknik pair checks memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar pecahan pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika siswa kelas IV SDN Babakan Kadu dengan nilai rata-rata postest kelas eksperimen kelas kontrol (66,66 56,59).
The Structure of Subjectivity of the Heads of the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Maltseva T.V.
Published: July 2022

The subjectivity of leaders is one of the foundations of the management process in any professional area. At the present stage, the proper level of development of all the subjectivity components, in the light of modern requirements for the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, is of key importance for the effectiveness of their professional activities. The purpose of this research is to study the specifics in the structure of subjectivity of the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation on the basis of the subject-activity approach, the concept of subjectivity of Volkova E.N. and the models of subjectivity of Shchukina M.A. The study used these psychodiagnostic techniques: “Test questionnaire of the level of development of personality subjectivity” (by Shchukina M.A., version for adults) and “Study of the structure of subjectivity” by Volkova E.N., Seregina A.I. The study involved 104 chiefs of internal affairs bodies (N=104), of various levels of subordination. The sample consisted of 77 men (74%), and 27 women (26%) aged 30–50, the average age of the respondents is 39 years. On the basis of factor analysis, the following components of the professional subjectivity of the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation are revealed: personality maturity, self-sufficiency, integration with reality, inner harmony.
Radicalisation among Young People: In Search of Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Dvoryanchikov N.V. , Bovin B.G. , Bovina I.B.
Published: July 2022

Problem. Terrorism is a long-standing phenomenon, it has existed for more than two millennia. It has been changing over time, acquiring the new features and characteristics of a particular era, but one feature has retained unchanged: terrorism still poses a serious threat to society. Purpose: the focus of our attention in this paper is to look into the potential of socio-psychological knowledge to assess the risk of radicalization in the adolescent and youth environment. This determines the purpose of the theoretical analysis presented here. Results: In the absence of risk assessment tools, M. Hogg’s theory of uncertainty-identity is an empirically proven theory adequate to explain the process of radicalisation (taking into account that a person is not radicalised alone, committing actions involving extreme violence is not an automatic continuation of extreme (or radical) ideas). The model explains why and how people join groups with extremist and radical beliefs, as well as why they pre-fer acts of violence, acting on behalf of these groups.
Conciliation Procedure in the Russian System of Protection of Civil Rights
Authors: Mikhailova E.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of judicial conciliation procedure as a means of legal protection. Russian legislation does not determine the place of conciliation procedures in the system of protection of rights and legitimate interests. Despite the active legislative activity on the introduction of various forms of reconciliation into law enforcement, for the most part they remain unclaimed by the society. Unlike all other forms of settlement of legal conflicts, judicial conciliation is regulated by the norms of procedural legislation, which makes it an institution of public law and a kind of state activity. But for its successful integration into the system of legal protection, theoretical development of this institution is necessary. The differences between judicial conciliation and other forms of settlement of legal conflicts are shown. The institute of judicial conciliation is proposed to be called “a surrogate of judicial proceedings”. It is also proposed to establish a special requirement for judicial conciliators: they must have a higher education in the field of psychological sciences.
Hardware Implementation of Efficient Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication using Vedic Multiplier
Authors: Kadu Rakesh K , Adane Dattatraya S
Published: July 2022

This paper presents an area efficient and high-speed FPGA implementation of scalar multiplication using a Vedic multiplier. Scalar multiplication is the most important operation in Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC), which used for public key generation and the performance of ECC greatly depends on it. The scalar multiplication is multiplying integer k with scalar P to compute  Q=kP, where k is private key and P is a base point on the Elliptic curve. The Scalar multiplication underlying finite field arithmetic operation i.e. addition multiplication, squaring and inversion to compute Q. From these finite field operations, multiplication is the most time-consuming operation, occupy more device space and it dominates the speed of Scalar multiplication. This paper presents an efficient implementation of finite field multiplication using a Vedic multiplier.  The scalar multiplier is designed over Galois Binary field GF(2233) for field size=233-bit which is secured curve according to NIST.  The performances of the proposed design are evaluated by comparing it with  Karatsuba based scalar multiplier for area and delay. The results show that the proposed scalar multiplication using Vedic multiplier has consumed 22% less area on FPGA and also has 12% less delay, than Karatsuba, based scalar multiplier. The scalar multiplier is coded in Verilog HDL, synthesize and simulated in Xilinx 13.2 ISE on Virtex6 FPGA.
La identidad principio potenciador de la docencia
Authors: Gómez Martínez Rubén , Ortiz Rodríguez Francisca
Published: July 2022

Identificar elementos que propician la inclinación a la docencia, se transforma en un reto, cuando se plantea la construcción de procesos pedagógicos que fortalezcan la formación de profesores que respondan a las necesidades del contexto. La investigación se centra en dos momentos: uno cuando los estudiantes ingresan a la Licenciatura de Educación Secundaria y, dos, con el mismo grupo dos años después, describen cómo el desarrollo curricular del plan de estudios ha fortalecido su inclinación docente.
La narrativa como eje fundamental de este proceso describe los paisajes significativos que inducen a esta profesión. Los datos se procesan con el programa Atlas.ti, identificando aspectos que fortalecen esa identidad, ubicando planteamientos y fortaleciéndose de las prácticas docentes desarrolladas durante su paso por la institución. Una nube de palabras es el inicio, se valoran las más frecuentes, se establecen los códigos /categorías para organizar y reagrupar el material de una forma creativa con lo que se consiguen unos resultados de interés.
La dimensión emocional en la orientación de la mejora educativa
Authors: Mendoza Gabriel
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo versa sobre reflexiones derivadas de un proyecto de investigación que promueve aspectos de mejora en educación, en un espacio universitario, del sector México, y en el que a partir de los acercamientos con los distintos grupos disciplinares, la apreciación desde la dimensión emocional se subraya como eje fundamental en la mejora educativa. La regulación e implementación de modelos en mejora educacional, adquieren una mayor precisión, cuando se sustentan o determinan a partir de propuestas y evidencias empíricas, que a su vez fungen como plataforma de ejemplificación, promotoras de los delineamientos de oficial determinación. Siendo así, que la apreciación general que de este emergen, consolida a su vez, la cada vez mayor participación interdisciplinar, que enfatiza la concordancia que debería permear en la elaboración y reformación de los nuevos estatutos, derivados de las propuestas de mejoras que los distintos programas de educación hacen referencia en cuanto a las dinámicas de innovación que estos contemplan, y en el hacer un sistema que incluye y propicia escenarios de formación integral; siendo estos lineamientos, los que precisamente fomentarían y estimularían el conocimiento no solo cognitivo, sino además…emocional.
Egresados del Posgrado en una Universidad Pública Mexicana: Autoevaluación de Competencias de Investigación.
Authors: Figueroa Rodríguez Sebastián
Published: July 2022

El presente estudio, de carácter descriptivo, partió del análisis practicado a una base de datos institucional que contenía las respuestas a una encuesta aplicada a egresados de programas de posgrados de una Institución de Educación Superior Pública. La muestra incluyó a egresados de posgrados profesionalizantes y de investigación, con el objetivo de identificar las competencias de investigación autoevaluadas por los mismos. Los resultados indicaron que un alto porcentaje de los entrevistados señaló haber mejorado sus competencias de investigación. No obstante, el hecho de que no es posible verificarlas in situ, deja como único recurso de verificación las calificaciones obtenidas durante su transcurso en el programa. Se requiere investigación que posibilite la constatación de la existencia de dichas competencias. Entre las recomendaciones derivadas del estudio se sugiere el diseño de un espacio formativo institucional sobre gestión de la investigación, de modo que impacte positivamente en la creación de espacios para esta práctica, a la vez que su  promoción en el mercado laboral del egresado del posgrado.
Dijital Minimalizm: Ekran Bağımlılığı ve Teknoloji Yorgunluğu Sarmalından Kurtulmak İçin Bir Yol Haritası
Authors: BAYRAKÇI Serkan
Published: July 2022

Ekran bağımlılığı ve teknoloji yorgunluğu sarmalından kurtulmak için bir yol haritası” olan Dijital Minimalizm kitabı Georgetown Üniversitesi bilgisayar bilimleri bölümünden Doçent Cal Newport tarafından yazılmıştır. Dijital minimalizmin gerektirdiklerini ve neden işe yaradığını ortaya koymaya çalışan yazar, öncelikle dijital teknolojileri reddetmeden onların insan hayatındaki olumsuz etkilerine yer vermektedir. Yaşanmış örnekler üzerinden dijital minimalizm felsefesini irdeleyerek argümanlar sunan Newport, bahsedilen olumsuz etkiler için çözüm yolu olarak dijital minimalizm felsefesini öneriyor.
Las tres letras de RÍO. Fundamentos y recursos para trabajar en el aula.
Authors: Cortés Gracia Ángel Luis
Published: July 2022

Reseña de libro.  Sáez Bondía, M.J.,  Gil Quílez, M.J.,  Martínez Peña, M.B. y Carrasquer Zamora, J.  (2021). Las tres letras de RÍO. Fundamentos y recursos para trabajar en el aula.
Ansiedade matemática: Uma visão global acerca da sua origem, impacto e possíveis intervenções
Authors: Simões Inês , Silva José Tomás da
Published: July 2022

Com o crescente interesse e avanços nas áreas das STEM, a matemática afigura-se como essencial para o percurso escolar e profissional das crianças e jovens. Providenciar uma visão global acerca do que é a ansiedade matemática, quais são as suas causas, as suas consequências, e como intervir nesta problemática, é o objetivo deste artigo com carácter de revisão bibliográfica. Pesquisaram-se trabalhos científicos nas bases de dados: B-on, Proquest Psychology Journals, PsyARTICLES. Destacámos investigações e informação recentes com particular interesse para a prática de psicologia e de ensino nos contextos escolares. A ansiedade matemática tem um impacto negativo no bem-estar e desempenho dos sujeitos, podendo influenciar as escolhas educativas e profissionais destes. O contexto social desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento desta problemática. Em relação às diferenças de género, os resultados são díspares, pelo qual tentamos compreender as razões para tais evidências. Por fim, no campo da intervenção, ainda são poucas as evidências científicas, no entanto é possível extrair algumas conclusões e estratégias a partir destas.
Reseña del libro: Investigar en educación
Authors: Rodríguez-Llorente Carolina
Published: July 2022

La investigación en educación está influenciada por la naturaleza social de los fenómenos que aborda. En consecuencia, el como la persona investigadora percibe e interpreta el contexto que le rodea influye en las decisiones que toma sobre la metodología de estudio. Partiendo de esta premisa, los autores del libro presentan una secuencia actualizada de pasos sobre los que se debe reflexionar durante el planteamiento y diseño de una investigación. Dirigido principalmente a investigadoras e investigadores noveles, este manual constituye una valiosa guía para favorecer la elaboración de estudios con una base sólida y bien informada. Mediante la conjunción de teoría y práctica, el lector encontrará aquí un gran apoyo para llevar a cabo estudios cualitativos, cuantitativos y mixtos de calidad.
New localities of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier et Levier (Apiaceae) in Croatia and control measures taken
Authors: Boršić Igor , Borovečki-Voska Ljiljana , Kutleša Petra , Šemnički Petra
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: The species Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) originates from the Western Greater Caucasus (Russia, Georgia), but today it is widely distributed in Europe due to deliberate introductions as ornamental plant and subsequent spontaneous spread. Therefore it is considered to be an invasive alien species. Its main negative impact concerns human health, as it produces phototoxic sap which causes skin burnings when exposed to UV light. In Croatia it was first recorded in 2009 near Žabnik (Međimurje County), but afterwards it has not been found on this locality again.Materials and Methods: Floristic research in the Zagorje area was carried out during July and August 2014, using GPS Receiver to determine investigated localities.Results: The species Heracleum mantegazzianum was recorded on 16th July 2014 in Gornja Šemnica (Radoboj, Krapina-Zagorje County), on two localities approximately 300 m apart. The localities were revisited on 1st August 2014. To control the spread of the species manual elimination of fructifying umbels was applied. On both localities floristic composition and general vegetation type were determined.Conclusion: Monitoring of recorded sites and adjacent areas, control measures, and possible eradication of all individuals of Heracleum mantegazzianum should be conducted in the following years in order to control and possibly eradicate this invasive alien species.
Reduction of MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP expression in Crohn’s disease: a role in disease pathogenesis?
Authors: Savić Mlakar Ana , Babić Žarko , Troskot Branko , Jergović Mladen , Vojvoda Parčina Valerija , Mihaljević Željko , Bendelja Krešo
Published: July 2022

Abstract Background and purpose: ABC transporters have non-redundant role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis and altered expression may contribute to the Crohn’s disease pathology. As they are closely regulated by the inflammatory milieu, the coexpression of ABC transporters, relevant proinflammatory cytokines and their negative regulators in affected tissues could provide insight to pathological pattern of Crohn’s disease related to different disease phases. Materials and Methods: Crohn’s disease patients were divided into three subgroups: newly diagnosed (untreated), active disease on therapy (treated) and remission. Intestine mucosa from terminal ileum to rectum was compared to mucosa from healthy controls for mRNA expression of MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP1. Affected terminal ileum and unaffected sigmoid colon mucosa were compared to controls for mRNA expression of cytokines and suppressor of cytokine signalling molecules. Results: MDR1 mRNA expression is downregulated at inflamed tissues irrespective of patient subgroups. MRP1 expression is reduced in untreated group and normalized after therapy introduction. Inflamed ileum was characterised by transitory increase in IFN-γ, IL-17A and SOCS3 mRNA expression levels in treated group. In the unaffected colon, no significant difference in the expression of the tested transporters was observed, even though IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-1b expression was increased. Conclusion: Reduced MDR1 expression, irrespective of the disease group, and reduced MRP1 expression in untreated group, implicates the involvement of these transporters in the disease pathogenesis. The affected ileum lacks increased cytokine expression, while unaffected colon mucosa shows a Th1 cytokine profile.
The impact of the container size and soil preparation on afforestation success of one year old holm oak (quercus ilex) seedlings in Croatian Mediterranean area
Authors: Jelic Goran , Topić Vlado , Butorac Lukrcija , Jazbec Anamarija , Oršanić Milan , Đurđević Zoran
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Morphological features of one year old holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings grown in different types of containers were analyzed in order to establish the effect of container type on seedlings’ development. The survival rates and the development of the seedlings were measured and monitored in the period of six years, on an experimental plot with the aim to assess the influence of container size and soil preparation on afforestation success in Mediterranean karst area. Materials and Methods: Four types of containers were used: MP53/12, MP33/18, T7/24 and T8/24. Morphological features of seedlings include: height, root collar diameter, biomass of the aboveground part, root biomass and total biomass. Two morphological indexes were calculated from the measured variables: S:R ratio and DQI. Morphological dimensions of root systems are, namely: total length, the number of tips, surface area and volume. Seedlings were arranged over the area of the experimental plot according to the randomized block method. Within each block (0,2 ha) two types of soil preparation prior to planting were performed: in pits with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 40 cm, and on the ripping ground. Each year during the experiment, seedlings were measured for height increment and survival rates (e.g. mortality), with respect to the container type and the planting method. Results: Almost all morphological features of seedlings have significantly higher values in larger containers (T7/24 and T8/24) compared to smaller containers (MP53/12 and MP33/18).  Survival rates over six years in field experiment are influenced mainly by container size in interaction with soil preparation method (exp (β) = 6.5789; p < 0.0001). The container size exhibited influence on height increment of holm oak during first six years (F = 20.619, p = 0.000012). Conclusions: Soil preparation by ripping combined with high-quality seedlings played the most important role in the holm oak’s survival in the research area. Key words: Mediterranean karst area, container type, morphological features of seedlings, soil preparation, afforestation success, height increment
Biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in Aristichthys nobilis Rich. liver exposed to thiamethoxam
Authors: Stoyanova Stela , Yancheva Vesela , Iliev Ilia , Vasileva Tonka , Bivolarski Veselin , Velcheva Iliana , Georgieva Elenka
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on some biochemical, histological and histochemical parameters of bighead carp liver (Aristichthys nobilis), which is an economically important fish species for aquaculture. Materials and methods: Different increasing concentrations of 6.6 mg l-1, 10 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1 of the test chemical under laboratory conditions were tested for their toxicity on fish for 96. The hepatic activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were measured. In addition, the hepatic histological structure was observed for alterations, as well as the lipid content was observed by histochemical staining. Results: It was determined that the enzymatic activity of the exposed fish was increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was increased proportionally to the increasing thiamethoxam concentrations. The histological lesions, which were observed in the liver parenchyma, were degenerative and necrotic. The degenerative alterations were as follows: granular, balloon and fatty degeneration. The necrotic alterations in the fish liver were associated with presence of karyopyknosis, karyorrehsis and karyolysis, respectively.  The histological alterations in the liver blood vessels were hyperemia and lymphocyte proliferation. Along with the established histological changes in the liver parenchyma, we found presence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes using Sudan III staining on cryostat sections. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a relation between the concentration of the insecticide and biochemical changes, as well the severity of expression of the histological and histochemical alterations in the bighead carp liver. Overall, such experiments could be successfully applied in research and monitoring programs to study the effects of pesticides on fish. Keywords: Insecticide, Thiamethoxam, Fish Liver, Enzymatic activity, Histological alterations
Empathy in Nonhumans: A Brief Overview
Authors: Dugatkin Lee , Driscoll Caroline
Published: July 2022

We present a brief overview of the study of empathy in nonhumans.  We begin with a historical perspective that focuses on early ideas about empathy developed by Peter Kropotkin and Adam Smith. From there we discuss the origin and evolution of the multiple layers of empathy—emotional contagion,  sympathetic concern, and empathetic perspective-taking—casting that discussion within the “Russian doll model” of empathy developed by de Waal. For each layer we provide examples from the animal behavior literature.
Polyethylenimine as a gene delivery tool in triple-negative breast cancer cell line and breast cancer stem cell model
Authors: Matovina Mihaela , Lemmens Steffi , Kralj Marijeta , Ester Katja
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: PEI is a cationic polymer able to neutralise negative DNA charges and to condense large genes which makes it suitable for gene delivery in human cells. Despite its low cost, simplicity of use and moderate toxicity, there is still room for broader usage and experimental adjustments, especially in cell lines that are difficult to transfect. In the presented research, we used PEI for the delivery of plasmid DNA into TNBC cell line SUM159 and breast CSC model HMLE-Twist.Material and methods: Cultured cells were transfected with GFP-expressing plasmid using both PEI and Lipofectamin. Transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry measurements of the intensity of the green fluorescence, while viability was determined by measuring intensity of the red fluorescence after propidium iodide staining. Results: In SUM159 and HMLE-Twist cells we obtain transfection efficiency between 30-40% using PEI, while cytotoxicity was generally low to moderate. PEI caused 10% of cell death in SUM159 and 20 % in HMLE-Twist. Transfection efficiency of PEI was comparable and even higher than the efficiency of the Lipofectamine in both SUM159 and HMLE-Twist. In mammary epithelia (control HMLE) we obtained only 20 % transfection efficiency using both carriers.Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that PEI represents a suitable nanocarrier for gene delivery into breast CSC model. We successfully transfected both breast CSC model HMLE-Twist and TNBC line SUM159. Since PEI is inexpensive and easy to use, we recommend it for further exploitations of these cell lines in TNBC research.
Acute stroke treatment during COVID-19 pandemic "lockdown" period – Croatian experience
Authors: Poljaković Zdravka , Roje Bedeković Marina , Čaljkušić Kresimir , Matijaca Meri , Pintarić Irena , Vuletić Vladimira , Bonifačić David , Bralić Marina , Ljevak Josip
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: Inevitable lockdown scenario during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic led to different approaches of medical care system worldwide. During this period, health care services faced theproblem of time, place and human resources management. However, in spite of redirecting health forces to fight this new and unknown virus in all countries, the need of routine treatment of all the other emergencies according to the guidelines remained present. The aim of our study was to analyse the acute stroke care in Croatia during first wave of Covid pandemic.Materials and methods: In order to achieve the rate of stroke patients admitted to hospital care in dedicated hospital stroke units and centers, we have gathered the data from four Croatian University Hospitals. We analyzed the number of hospitalized stroke patients from 1th of February to 1th of May 2020 and the proportions of patients treated with recanalization therapy.Results: Our results showed a slight decrease of number of all neurological patients who arrived to the Emergency Unit. In 2019 recanalization therapy was given to 158 patients (19%) vs 177 (26%) in 2020. Thrombolysis alone was given to 72 (9%) of patients in 2019 and to 68 (10%) of patients in 2020, while thrombectomy (with or without thrombolysis) has been performed to 86 (10%) vs 109 (16%) patients in 2019 and 2020 respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, we did not notice less severe stroke patients or lower level of stroke care in University Hospitals.
Incidence and risk factors for vitreous loss in residents performing manual small-incision cataract surgery
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India, Joshi Rajesh Subhash , Wadekar Preeti Dashrath ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India, Patil Nivedita ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India, Tamboli Sonali ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India, Surwade Tanmay ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India, Bansode Namrata ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003, Maharashtra, India
Published: July 2022

AIM: To assess the incidence of vitreous loss and associated risk factors in residents performing manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).
METHODS: The present retrospective record review study was performed on 490 patients who underwent MSICS performed between November 2018 and December 2019 by 7 third-year postgraduate residents. The study group comprised of patients having intraoperative vitreous prolapse. All the surgeries were performed under supervision of a trained assistant.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants at the time of surgery was 68.42±2.05y. Of the 490 patients, 250 patients were male, and 240 patients were female (P=0.23). A total of 215 (43.9%) eyes had mature white cataract, 185 (37.8%) eyes had brown cataract, and 90 (18.3%) eyes had immature senile cataract. The incidence of intraoperative vitreous loss among residents was 2% (10/490). Vitreous loss occurred during hydrodissection [1/10 (10%)], nucleus delivery [3/10 (30%)], irrigation and aspiration [5/10 (50%)], and intraocular lens insertion [1/10 (10%)]. Multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analysis confirmed immature senile cataract [odds ratio (OR)=3.99; P=0.02], irrigation and aspiration of cortical material (OR=3.07; P=0.03), and anterior capsular extension (OR=3.22, P=0.03) as independent risk factors for vitreous loss.
CONCLUSION: Immature senile cataract, irrigation and aspiration of cortical material, and anterior capsular extension are independent risk factors for vitreous loss. Our findings may serve as a guide for future trainers or residents learning MSICS.
Visual acuity of urban and rural adults in a coastal province of southern China: the Fujian Eye Study
Authors:   Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China, Li Yang , Li Xiao-Xin ,   Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China, Hu Yong-Hua ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China, Wang Bin ,   Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China, Qin Xue-Ying ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China, Ren Tao ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate the vision status and sociodemographic associations of visual acuity (VA) in an urban and rural population in a coastal province of southern China.
METHODS: The Fujian Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study, was performed from May 2018 to October 2019. Totally 10 044 participants over 50 years old from all nine cities in Fujian Province were enrolled, and underwent a questionnaire and a series of standard physical and ocular examinations. VA was measured by E Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart (GB 11533-1989). Data was double entered with EpiData v3.1 for data collation and Stata/SE statistical software v15.1 was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Totally 8211 (81.8%) participants were finally included and were divided into urban populations (4678 subjects), rural populations (n=3533), coastal residents (n=6434), and inland residents (1777 subjects); 4836 participants were female. The mean age was 64.39±8.87y (median 64y; range 50-98y). The mean presenting VA was 0.61±0.30 (0.23±0.27 logMAR), and the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.82±0.28 (0.08±0.19 logMAR). In the multiple regression analysis, BCVA was significantly correlated with several socioeconomic and biologic factors, including age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), income (P=0.005), rural residency (P<0.001), inland residency (P=0.001) and refractive error (P<0.001), while sex (P=0.194) was independent with BCVA.
CONCLUSION: Accessible services and eye health policies targeting the elderly, people with high myopia and people living in rural or inland areas are needed.
Molecules related to diabetic retinopathy in the vitreous and involved pathways
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Xia Hua-Qin , Zhang Ke-Xin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Dong Rui-Lan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Yuan Hao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Wang Yu-Chen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Zhou Hong ,   State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China, Li Xue-Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
Published: July 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and major cause of blindness among people over 50 years old. Current studies showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) played a central role in the pathogenesis of DR, and application of anti-VEGF has been widely acknowledged in treatment of DR targeting retinal neovascularization. However, anti-VEGF therapy has several limitations such as drug resistance. It is essential to develop new drugs for future clinical practice. The vitreous takes up 80% of the whole globe volume and is in direct contact with the retina, making it possible to explore the pathogenesis of DR by studying related factors in the vitreous. This article reviewed recent studies on DR-related factors in the vitreous, elaborating the VEGF upstream hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and downstream pathways phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PIP2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Moreover, factors other than VEGF contributing to the pathogenesis of DR in the vitreous were also summarized, which included factors in four major systems, kallikrein-kinin system such as bradykinin, plasma kallikrein, and coagulation factor XII, oxidative stress system such as lipid peroxide, and superoxide dismutase, inflammation-related factors such as interleukin-1β/6/13/37, and interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system such as MMP-9/14. Additionally, we also introduced other DR-related factors such as adiponectin, certain specific amino acids, non-coding RNA and renin (pro) receptor in separate studies.
Impact of Migration Resulting from Ethnic and Racial Armed Conflicts on Accelerating Urban Sprawl
Authors: Ismael Nabil T. , Yas Samaan Majeed , Hussain Abdul Hussain Ali
Published: July 2022

After 2003 (as a result of the absence of state authority and the spread of anarchy and post-war military operations), the urban sprawl has increased significantly in the Baghdad city, after that, terrorist acts and the period of the civil war started (2006-2009), this has exacerbated the problem and led to the emergence of population settlements. Especially The outskirts of Baghdad with a low level of urban, economic, educational, and cultural levels., It caused an increase in the size of the problem, reaching 92% during a study prepared in 2013. Thus, the research problem is determined: The lack of a clear vision of the impact of the civil war in Iraq (2006-2017) on accelerating the urban Sprawl in Baghdad. One of the most important findings of the research is that the rate of growth of Urban Sprawl that started in 1958 has maintained a near-constant rate until 2009, which witnessed an unprecedented acceleration and reached its peak in 2017. The essential research conclusion and recommendation can be summarized that the impact of civil wars on the exacerbation of the urban sprawl phenomenon differs radically from that of conventional wars in terms of quantity and quality, and it needs planning and social solutions that differ significantly from the type of solutions that were previously adopted to reduce the problem.
Susceptibility to Flooding of Urban Areas Puerto Vallarta - Mexico
Authors: Hernández Julio Cesar Morales , Martinez Oscar Frausto , Romero Bartolo Cruz , Gama Jorge Ignacio Chavoya , González Fátima Maciel Carrillo
Published: July 2022

The Mexican Pacific coast is frequently affected by meteorological systems that cause rain. These events are beneficial when they precipitate in the internal valleys of the basins and water is captured from the highlands by filtration, recharging the aquifers, and allowing surface runoff through rivers and runoffs that are the natural sources of freshwater. On the other hand, these systems are adverse when they precipitate in excess, and additionally, they are associated with bad decisions and urban planning errors that put at risk the life and patrimony of some social sectors, this aspect has become a national security issue for the authorities. The region of Bahia de Banderas has a rainwater drainage network through open-pit channels that partially cover the urban area, a situation that puts the population and its assets at risk since rain considered common causes significant puddles, a situation that is progressively worsening, but the great danger of an extraordinary amount of rain, as has occurred in the past, is represented by the hydrological basins that cross or are adjacent to it, an aspect that will be discussed in greater detail in this article.
The Role of Intangible Values for Historic Places in Stimulating Tourism Investment (Ur City in Iraq-Case Study)
Authors: Ali Safaaaldeen Hussein , Abdulzahra Ghusoon Najm
Published: July 2022

The world today glorifies the concept of historical places and their importance, as they enjoy a heritage capital of cultural and economic values that lie in their greatness and beauty and the message they carry as an expression of the civilization and culture of society and its role. In attracting a lot of tourists, especially history lovers who have the culture of learning about ancient civilizations, to try to understand the present. Which makes it a major contributor to supporting the economy, this research aims to provide a platform for understanding how to stimulate tourism investment in historical places by highlighting the dynamism of spiritual values imbued with religious or symbolic meaning and adopting a strategy of (Tourism Marketing for Historic Places), as well as upgrading the cultural treasures in those places. The research found the importance of activating the cultural and economic values that stimulate tourism investment by adopting tourism marketing mechanisms (empowerment, flow, compatibility) in historical places.
Recycling of Construction Waste Concrete as a Stabilizer for Gypseous Soils
Authors: Awn Safa Hussain Abid , Abbas Hassan Obaid
Published: July 2022

This study presents the possibility of recycling Crushed Waste Concrete resulting from the demolition of buildings, and making practical use of these abundantly available materials, by grinding them and adding them in different proportions to gypseous soils to increase their maximum bearing capacity and reduce compressibility. A laboratory model with dimensions (300*300 *600mm) of galvanized steel, 4 mm thick, was used to study the effect of mixing (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) Crushed Waste Concrete with three types of water-flooded natural gypseous soils with different percentages of gypsum (30%, 46%, and 66%). Loading tests were carried on square steel footing (70*70mm) and 9mm thick, placed on these soils. More than 15 tests were conducted on the laboratory model, in addition to the usual classification tests on the soils used in the study. All tests were carried after submerging gypseous soils due 24 hours. The study showed a clear improvement in the susceptibility of the three gypseous soils using all the addition percentages of concrete powder, the best percentage was 8%, while the improvement rates were less using 2%, 4%, and 6%. As the bearing capacity of the soil increased after mixing it with this ratio due to filling the voids formed as a result of melting gypsum during the water immersion process, which compensated for it at this stage. Mixing gypseous soil with crushed waste concrete by 8% increases ultimate bearing stress about 8 times, while it is 2.5 times for model mixed with 2% of this additive, compared with the untreated one.
Phytoremediation Study of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) on Zinc Metal Ion (Zn2+)
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Nur Muhammad , Pandiangan Dingse , Mambu Susan Marlein , Fauziah Siti , Raya Indah , Fudholi Ahmad , Irfandi Rizal
Published: July 2022

The high level of community activity around the river has resulted in high levels of heavy metals contained in river water. Commonly found heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), and copper (Cu). To reduce or remove heavy metals in the waters, phytoremediation techniques are used. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of water hyacinth plants (E. crassipes) in remediating Zn2+ metal in contaminated Lake Tempe water. The research method used includes the sampling process, acclimatization, physicochemical analysis, Zn analysis, Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF), and infrared (IR) analysis. The Zn concentration in Lake Tempe water decreased after 30 days of the phytoremediation process. And the highest adsorbed Zn (II) metal ions on water hyacinth plants was 77,257 ppm on the 30th day. It was found that there is a relationship between the BCF value and the phytoremediation time, the higher the phytoremediation time, the higher the BCF value obtained. IR data show the presence of Zn metal bonds in plants involving the functional groups C=S, C=N, and OH. This indicates that water hyacinth (E. crassipes) has the potential to be used as a phytoremediation agent in adsorbing Zn in Lake Tempe waters.
Cultural-Heritage Virtual Tour for Tourism Recovery Post COVID-19: A Design and Evaluation
Authors: Liyushiana  , Sibarani Robert , Purwoko Agus , Emrizal
Published: July 2022

In tourism, virtual tours are one of the latest promotional trends utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in keeping potential tourists saturated and interested in visiting the tourist attractions when the 'new normal' conditions become stable. Furthermore, virtual tours are also a part of historical conservation for cultural-heritage tourism. This research aims to design a virtual cultural-heritage tour route in the Kesawan area of Medan city, make widely promoted virtual tour videos, and evaluate the quality of virtual tourism by arousing interest in prospective tourists to visit the cultural-heritage area of Medan city. Descriptive qualitative design and quantitative regression methods are adopted in this research. Qualitative descriptive and qualitative methods were used to explain the trips and measure the impact of virtual tours in the city of Medan, especially the Kesawan district as the research area. The first result showed the design of a virtual tour starting from the itinerary planning process, taking pictures, editing, and publishing on YouTube media. It was also observed that the published cultural-heritage attracts potential travelers to visit and physically experience the tourist attractions. Moreover, the virtual tour design will be enriched with the addition of English subtitles to obtain a larger audience.
Efectos espaciales directos e indirectos de la variedad industrial en el empleo y la creación de empresas en la Megalópolis del Valle de México, 2010 – 2019
Authors: Cabrera Pereyra José Antonio
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Analizar los efectos espaciales de la variedad industrial en el crecimiento del empleo y creación de empresas manufactureras, de 2010 a 2019, en la Megalópolis del Valle de México.
Metodología. Los efectos se estiman mediante modelos espaciales Durbin, que permiten identificar interacciones espaciales de distinto tipo.
Resultados. Los resultados indican efectos directos positivos de la variedad sobre el crecimiento del empleo y la creación de empresas.
Limitaciones/implicaciones. El análisis se limita por la falta de datos sobre la relación tecnológica. Sin embargo, se elaboran sugerencias de política definidas a partir de la teoría de la especialización inteligente.
Originalidad/valor. Es el primer análisis econométrico-espacial desagregado sobre el impacto de la variedad industrial en el empleo y la creación de empresas, y único en su tipo en México.
Conclusiones. La variedad industrial incentiva las tasas de crecimiento de empleo y empresas en la megalópolis. La concentración manufacturera también interviene en los efectos de la variedad (no) relacionada sobre estas tasas de crecimiento.