Evaluation of the activity of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system in pregnant women of the indigenous and arrived population of the Amur region from an environmental and ethnic perspective
Authors:   Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Suprun S.V. , Kudryashova O.S. ,   Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Evseeva G.P. ,   Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Lebedko O.A. ,   Khabarovsk Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health
Published: January 2025

In order to study the state of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system (AOS) in pregnant women of the alien and indigenous population living in urban and rural areas, using the example of the Amur region, 175 patients were examined during their initial visit in the first and second trimesters and in the absence of iron deficiency states. Depending on their ethnicity and place of residence, the pregnant women were conditionally divided into 3 groups: urban aliens (Caucasians) (n=67); rural aliens (Caucasians) (n=74); rural indigenous people of the Amur region (Nanai), belonging to the Mongoloid race (n=34). Comparative characteristics of the indicators of women in groups 1 and 2 (urban and rural aliens) indicated environmental features of glutathione antioxidant protection (AOP) during pregnancy. Analysis of data from groups 2 and 3 (rural newcomers and natives) revealed ethnic peculiarities of the studied detoxification zone.
Taking into account the participation of iron in the processes of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection, the level of hemoglobin, serum ferritin in women was determined to exclude iron deficiency conditions, as well as the content of total glutathione, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms in whole blood with the calculation of redox status (GSH/GSSG ratio) as a biomarker of AOS. Statistical data processing was performed using the programs "Microsoft Excel 2010", "Statsoft Statistica", version 6.1, 10.01. As a result of the studies, a reliable decrease in the content of total glutathione was found in urban patients of the newcomer population compared to rural newcomers due to a decrease in the reduced form both in the first and second trimesters with a multidirectional trend of the oxidized fraction in these groups, which showed the ecological orientation of the AOS functioning. Ethnic features in native women were revealed when comparing the parameters under study with newcomers living in similar rural areas, in the form of reliably low values of the reduced form of glutathione in the 2nd trimester of gestation, as well as a reliable decrease in the level of total and reduced glutathione in the 2nd trimester compared to the 1st. The optimal variant of the functional state of the glutathione link of the AOS was determined by the indicators of the oxidative stress level - the redox status in newcomer pregnant women of the village, based on its reliably high indicators in the 1st and 2nd trimesters compared to pregnant women of the native population of the village and especially with newcomers living in the city. The obtained data should be taken into account when carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures for complicated pregnancy, taking into account the ecological and ethnic features of oxidation-reduction processes.
Key Words: pregnant women, newcomers, indigenous people, city, village, glutathione, ferritin