bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes informativas y estrategias periodísticas de las revistas opositoras APSI, Análisis y Hoy durante la dictadura cívico-militar en Chile (1981-1986)
Authors: Maldonado Oyarzo Aldo Nicolás
Published: December 2024

En este texto se analizan las redes informativas de las y los periodistas de las revistas de oposición a la dictadura cívico-militar APSI, Análisis y Hoy entre 1981 a 1986. En base a los estudios del Análisis de Redes Sociales en la Historia y de la memoria histórica de los aludidos, se plantea que las redes informativas, desplegadas a partir de las redes de fuentes, reporteo en terreno y redes profesionales, se conformaron como una “estrategia periodística” (De Certeau, 2000) que les permitió acceder a determinadas fuentes informativas en medio de la censura y la represión.
De este modo, el trabajo empírico sobre las revistas y de los relatos orales permitieron comprender que las y los periodistas estaban insertos en un entramado sociopolítico en el que pudieron producir las notas relacionadas a las denuncias de violación a los DDHH., las Jornadas de Protesta, la crisis económica y el reporteo en las poblaciones. Lo anterior daría cuenta de la complejidad que rodea a la producción periodística en un determinado contexto político, en que no solo la formación profesional del periodista y los estatutos jurídico-legales envuelven sus labores, sino también el entorno social y los vínculos que establecieron.
Recomendaciones para el mes de Mayo
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: December 2024

Las condiciones de la temperatura superficial del mar del Pacífico tropical, son consistentes con condiciones débiles de El Niño. Sin embargo, no se ha mantenido un ajuste persistente entre el océano y la atmósfera asociado a El Niño, lo que ha favorecido la ocurrencia de otros fenómenos de variabilidad climática que generan cambios en los patrones de precipitación y temperatura sobre el territorio colombiano.
The 21st Century and Globalisation of Christianity and Theology: A Search for the Right Framework for Christianity and Theology in Africa and Beyond
Authors: Agboada Edward
Published: December 2024

The study discussed trajectories of the 21st Century and the challenges it presents to globalisation of Christianity and Theology, especially African Christianity and Theology. It used the historical-critical and phenomenological approach which provided the framework and analysis of emerging issues and new pathways. The study examined the role Greco-Roman, Western/European, and African socioreligiocultures and spiritualties have played in the definition of the contexts and contents of Christianity and Theology. It identified three major events in the 21st century which have been most critical. They include (1) decline of Western/European hegemony, (2) shift in the centre of gravity of global Christianity from the global West (Europe and America) to the global South (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) and (3) Africa’s emergence as the new centre of gravity of global Christianity. These three events have presented two demands which include (2) the need to re-examine Western/European frameworks that have defined the contexts and contents of Christianity and Theology to decipher their continuous relevance in the face of changing religiographichs nad gynamics (2) the need to recognie Africa’s alternative as legitimate, comeptive framworks for Christianity and Theology. The ailure of which is the result of religeopolitics and relativism, which only present tensions. The study concludes that although the 21st century presents grave challenges for Christianity and Theology, it also presents new pathways. The study recommends that it is important to the success of the globalisation of Christianity and Theology that Africa is bold to embrace elements within its socioreligioculture and spirituality that present competitive alternative to Christianity and Theology. The study contributes to the schoalrship on contemporary issues in African Christianity and Theology the challenge of the 21st century to the globalisation of Christianity and Theology.

Keywords: Christianity, Theology, Globalisation, Socioreligioculture, Spirituality
Mycobacterium chelonae-induced granulomatous nodules following botulinum toxin injections: A case report and literature review
Authors: Khodeir Joe , Ohanian Paul , Awwad Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-induced nodules following botulinum toxin injections are increasingly being reported. These infections can present as persistent nodules or abscesses, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 35-year-old healthy male who developed multiple tender and painful nodules localized at injection sites on the forehead and periorbital areas three weeks after receiving Onabotulinum toxin injections from an untrusted provider. Initial treatment with oral steroids and empiric antibiotics was ineffective. Biopsy and NTM PCR confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium chelonae. The patient was successfully treated with a six-month regimen of oral clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, resulting in complete remission without relapse at the eight-month follow-up. Discussion: A comprehensive review of the literature revealed eight reported cases of NTM-induced granulomatous nodules following botulinum toxin injections. These cases predominantly involved female patients and were associated with Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium immunogenum, and unidentified NTM species. This case is the first reported instance of Mycobacterium chelonae as an etiological agent in such a context. Effective management involves early biopsy, accurate microbiological diagnosis, and tailored antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider NTM infections in patients with persistent nodules post-botulinum toxin injections, especially when initial treatments fail. To prevent such infections, it is crucial for patients to seek treatment from trusted and licensed providers who use authentic products and maintain sterile environments during procedures.
VRŠNJAČKO NASILJE KOD ADOLESCENATA U HRVATSKOJ
Authors: Mihić Josipa , Ferić Martna , Novak Miranda
Published: December 2024

The aim of the paper is to research the frequency of experiencing, committing
and witnessing individual forms of peer violence, as well as certain consequences of
peer violence to secondary school students in Croatia. Gender differences with regard to the aforementioned experiences were researched, as well as the differences
regarding the locality, grade (age) and the type of school. The research participants
were 10,138 students of all grades from various secondary school programs from
five Croatian towns: Zagreb, Pula, Split, Osijek and Varaždin. Quota sampling was
used with the sample of young men of 47.4% (n = 4595), while 4.5% of participants
did not report their gender. The average age of participants is M = 16.2 (SD = 1.16).
Regarding the established aims of the paper, the Survey on socio-demographic data
and a scale related to peer abuse and violence CTC (Communities That Care) –
Questionnaire for children and young people (Mihić, Novak & Bašić, 2010.). The
results show that 38.9% of students witnessed peer abuse at least once in the last
month, while 18.2% were exposed to it at least once. Additionally, 11.8% of secondary school students had at least one experience of cyberbullying in the last month.
The research also determined certain differences in the frequency of experiencing,
committing and witnessing certain forms of peer abuse, as well as the consequences of peer violence with regard to gender, locality, age (grade) and type of school
program. The obtained results indicate the need for timely, comprehensive and continuous investments in evidence-based preventive strategies and programs, as well
as psycho-social support approaches aimed at children and young people.
Key words: peer violence, peer abuse, secondary schools students, adolescents.
Voir les monstres : caricature et tératologie en France au xixe siècle
Authors: Baridon Laurent , Guédron Martial
Published: December 2024

La présente étude porte sur la place de l’iconographie tératologique dans l’image satirique à partir du xixe siècle, quand les monstres humains se manifestent aussi bien dans les spectacles forains que dans la culture médicale. La compréhension scientifique de la monstruosité connaît alors une mutation remarquable, en particulier avec les travaux de l’école rationaliste représentée par les naturalistes et zoologistes français Étienne et Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Selon ces derniers, le monstre est un indice de la variabilité des espèces et, par conséquent, un témoignage du processus créateur de la nature. Cette normalisation du monstrueux accompagne sa prolifération dans la culture visuelle. Au début des années 1830, au moment où Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire publie son Traité de tératologie, se déploie un imaginaire littéraire et graphique qui, d’une part, humanise le monstre et, d’autre part, l’identifie en chaque individu. Les caricaturistes promeuvent le monstrueux comme une déformation expressive de la figure humaine qui sous-tend la satire des normes morales, sociales et artistiques.
Fasciste, viril et colonial : le corps paradoxal des naturistes futuristes dans l’Italie du Ventennio (1922-1943)
Authors: Vitacca Sara
Published: December 2024

Vers la fin du xixe siècle se diffusent en Europe des utopies naturistes qui, en réaction à l’industrialisation de la société, promeuvent une régénération des corps fondée sur un contact renouvelé avec la nature, le nudisme et le pacifisme. En Italie, les idées naturistes se répandent tardivement et prennent une tournure radicalement singulière. Alors qu’en 1934 les futuristes Filippo Tommaso Marinetti et Arnaldo Ginna signent le manifeste du naturisme futuriste, ils refusent toute forme de nudité sociale, considérée comme un comportement sauvage et immoral ; ils célèbrent la communion entre nature et technologie, et envisagent un nouvel idéal corporel viril, guerrier et fasciste. La présente contribution vise à souligner, d’une part, la profonde contradiction qui existe entre l’intérêt des futuristes pour les philosophies alternatives du corps et la pensée écologique, d’autre part, leur assujettissement au projet fasciste de régénération hygiénique des Italiens. À partir de cette étude de cas, qui apporte un point de vue inédit sur l’histoire culturelle du corps en Italie, il s’agit plus généralement de faire apparaître des enjeux actuels liés à la relation entre corps, nature et pouvoir, et la façon dont les écologies corporelles peuvent être exploitées par la propagande d’un régime totalitaire.
O Culto de Nossa Senhora dos Mártires em Alcácer do Sal, a Senhora da Cinta e as Cantigas de Santa Maria
Authors: Pereira Teresa Lopes
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho aborda, dentro do contexto geral das Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, uma análise mais detalhada da nº 246 da edição de Mettman e nº 1 do códice de Florença (ricamente iluminado), que consideramos referir-se a um milagre ocorrido em Portugal, concretamente no Santuário de Santa Maria dos Mártires, junto a Alcácer do Sal, hoje conhecido por Senhor dos Mártires. Na baixa Idade Média, o santuário era pertença da Ordem de Santiago da Espada e tornara-se centro de peregrinações e de grande devoção à Virgem, nomeadamente à Senhora da Cinta, cuja imagem subsistiu até aos nossos dias, numa escultura que se destaca no templo.
The Beaded Rim: An Assessment of Functionality of Neolithic Plaster Ware and Pottery
Authors: Nilhamn Bonnie
Published: December 2024

The beaded rim is a commonly applied feature found on plaster ware at the site of Tell Sabi Abyad in North Syria. The plaster ware, also known as white ware, dates back to the Early Pottery Neolithic phase (ca. 6700–6250 cal. BC). A comparison of this plaster ware with the coexisting Neolithic pottery has yielded striking results, showing that beaded rims, commonly found on plaster ware, are rare to absent in the pottery material. This discrepancy between the materials raises questions and urges an investigation into the implications for the further development of the function of containers in Neolithic society. Based on the results of this case study, this paper discusses why the beaded rim is significant on plaster ware, what it may indicate about the manner in which the plaster ware vessel was produced, and its usage and function.
Materials for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Baragh Fida , Elidrissi Abderrahim Najah , Amiry Houssam , Amrousse Rachid
Published: December 2024

Achieving global decarbonization goals by 2050 hinges on green hydrogen production via water electrolysis. With increasing demand for hydrogen in renewable energy, industrial sectors, and transportation, the importance of this technology continues to grow. This chapter delves into hydrogen production fundamentals and recent advancements in water electrolysis, emphasizing its pivotal role in generating green hydrogen. Key mechanisms of water splitting, such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrolysis, are explored. Special focus is given to advanced electrocatalysts, including both noble metals and cost-effective alternatives, that enhance the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. Innovative photocatalytic materials, including transition metal chalcogenides and phosphides, are highlighted for their efficiency gains through heteroatom doping and cocatalyst integration. Storage solutions and hydrogen's industrial applications in sectors like energy, chemicals, and transportation are also examined, presenting a roadmap for future development.
Renewable Energy Integration and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Das Himadri Sekhar
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy integration and energy efficiency are critical components of sustainable energy systems. Integrating renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro into the power grid reduces dependency on fossil fuels, mitigates greenhouse gas emissions, and enhances energy security. Energy efficiency measures complement this integration by optimizing energy use, lowering consumption, and reducing operational costs. Together, they promote a resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure, supporting environmental goals and fostering economic growth. Advances in smart grid technologies, storage solutions, and regulatory frameworks are pivotal in maximizing the benefits of renewable energy and achieving comprehensive energy efficiency.
Utilization of Industrial Food Waste as Raw Material of Halal Pet Food
Authors: Sulaiman Nor Surilawana
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the utilization of industrial food waste as a raw material for halal pet food, addressing the environmental and economic benefits of converting food waste into value-added products. It highlights the food waste crisis in Brunei and examines innovative practices that transform waste into nutritious animal feed. The chapter emphasizes the importance of adhering to halal standards in the processing and production of pet food, ensuring that the final products are safe and compliant with Shariah. The halal pet food industry can contribute to sustainability and circular economy principles by leveraging industrial food waste.
Polycythaemia among term newborns: Incidence, risk factors and complications: Descriptive study in a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerakoon Pushpakumara , Weeraseekara Medha
Published: December 2024

Background: Polycythaemia in the newborn is defined as either venous haematocrit above 65% or haemoglobin levels at or above 22 g/dL.  Objectives: To detect the incidence, risk factors and complications of neonatal polycythaemia in a Sri Lankan cohort. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sri Jayewardenepura Teaching Hospital from November 2021 to June 2022. All neonates more than 37 weeks of gestation were included. To evaluate the maternal and neonatal variables, a comparative analysis was done between polycythaemic and non-polycythaemic groups.Results: According to the haemoglobin cut-off threshold, 22 (17.5%) neonates had polycythemia and 104 (82.5%) had Hb levels below 22 g/dL. In this study, no participant had severe polycythaemia, 19 (15.1%) had mild polycythaemia, and 3 (2.4%) had moderate polycythaemia. Of the sample, 52 (41.3%) were born by normal vaginal delivery and 74 (58.7%) by caesarean section. Regarding management, 11 (8.7%) newborns required enteral feeding adjustment and 9 (7.1%) required partial exchange transfusions.Conclusions: Incidence of polycythaemia in this study was 17.5%. Neonatal polycythaemia was significantly associated with the delivery method (p=0.019). However, none of the maternal variables were significantly associated statistically with the development of neonatal polycythaemia.
An investigation of wild bee communities in salt marsh and dyke habitats within the agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Roulston Terrell Trever , Pindar Alana , Lundholm Jeremy T.
Published: December 2024

Wild bees (Hymenoptera) that visit croplands rely on adjacent habitat to provide essential resources such as pollen, nectar, and nesting locations. This study compared wild bee assemblages on salt marshes and dykes, two coastal habitats proximal to cropland in Nova Scotia, Canada. We hypothesised that dykes would have a greater wild bee abundance and richness compared to salt marshes due to greater floral abundance and richness and nesting habitat availability. Wild bee richness and abundance differences between habitats were not significant. Most notably, Bombus (Latreille) and Megachildae (Latreille) bees were observed visiting a wind-pollinated salt marsh grass, Sporobolus michauxianus (Peterson and Saarela) (Poaceae). Several notable species were also observed, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada species of concern, Bombus terricola (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and Lasioglossum taylorae (Gibbs) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), a first Nova Scotia record. Floral abundance and richness were significantly greater in dyke habitats. These results contradict other studies that indicate a tight relationship between wild bees and floral abundance and richness. To help conserve these wild bees and their contributions to agriculture, more research is needed to understand how these species use salt marshes and dykes.
Pulmonary mucormycosis in kidney transplant patient
Authors: Jha Mona , Deshawar Shailly , Kirar Nikhil , Sen Manas Kamal
Published: December 2024

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Other risk factors are diabetes mellitus, solid organ transplant, and long use of glucocorticoids. Early diagnosis and treatment should be made due to the fierce behavior of this infection and the high chances of dissemination. Here, we present a case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a diabetic and hypertensive patient who had a renal transplant and presented with cough, hemoptysis, and shortness of breath. After all investigation, he was diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis and treated with antifungal drugs. The patient died due to the aggressive nature of infection and renal failure.
Specification of manual lactation traditional Chinese medicine technology
Authors: Wang Siyao , Li Ye , Li Xuejing , Fan Yingyi , Xie Wei , Mei Xueting , Tang Ling
Published: December 2024

Acute mastitis is one of the common diseases of postpartum lactating women, also known as lactational mastitis, which can occur during breastfeeding, especially in the postpartum 3–4 weeks. Acute mastitis can lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. Improving breastfeeding behavior and extending breastfeeding duration have become a global strategy to promote maternal and child health. Manual lactation traditional Chinese medicine technology is one of the important measures to improve the rate of breastfeeding, which can solve the problems of breast swelling, pain, and reduction of milk production. This article introduces the definition, indications, standard operating procedures, precautions, and treatment of adverse events of manual lactation in traditional Chinese medicine technology, so as to provide more comprehensive guidance for clinical workers to carry out manual lactation operations.
The impact of tobacco use and nicotine addiction on health: A literature review of nursing interventions for smoking cessation
Authors: Abdelkader Raghad , Maabreh Roqia Saleem , Al-Dgheim Riyad , Altarawneh Naif Salem , Alrabab’a Mahmoud H. , Zaiton Hala , Abdelmaksoud Amaal Samir , Almagharbeh Wesam T. , Alnawafleh Khaldoon Aied , Alfanash Hazem A. , Saleh Zyad T. , Elshatarat Rami Azmi
Published: December 2024

Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes. This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications, emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation. The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses, including assessment, counseling, pharmacotherapy support, and behavioral interventions, which are essential for effective tobacco cessation. By analyzing current evidence-based practices, the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs. It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts. In addition, the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions. Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals, the establishment of community-based support groups, and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations. This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy, ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.
Efficacy of 25% dextrose versus breast milk on pain and duration of cry during heel prick in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Acharya Sabitri , Koul Pity , Pokhrel Santosh , Paul Talagatoti David Ratna
Published: December 2024

Neonates, especially admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, frequently need various medical interventions in their early days. A common procedure is the heel prick for blood sampling. Although necessary for diagnosis, this procedure can be stressful for neonates, causing pain, extended crying, and discomfort. Reducing distress in neonates during such procedures is important for the well-being of neonates and the satisfaction of caregivers and healthcare providers. Therefore, this review aims to identify and compare the efficacy of 25% dextrose and breast milk on pain and duration of cry among neonates during heel-lance. As part of its review process, the article examined widely used databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Academia, and Google Scholar. For the meta-analysis, the authors utilized RevMan 5.4. All eligible trials were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess the quality of the included studies and evaluate the risk of bias. Out of 131 studies reviewed, seven studies were included in meta-analysis of pain, and four studies were included in duration of cry. The results show that 25% dextrose is more effective to reduce pain among neonates during minor invasive procedure like heel prick (P < 0.00001), whereas both interventions are effective in the reduction of crying duration. This review highlights that dextrose is more effective in reducing pain in comparison to breast milk. However, additional well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are needed to validate and build upon the current findings. Hence, this review underscores the importance of utilizing effective pain management strategies, such as 25% dextrose, to enhance neonatal care and improve the overall well-being of newborns during invasive procedures.
Left ventricular noncompaction concealed as a case of congestive cardiac failure in a toddler: A case report
Authors: Thakur Shaifalika , Kishore Sunil , Kumar Rakesh , Ahmar Rizwan
Published: December 2024

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare congenital structural problem of the heart resulting from the persistence of embryonic myocardium. However, the presentation of this entity, usually in the form of cardiac failure poses a diagnostic dilemma to the treating pediatrician. We report a case of congestive cardiac failure in a 2-year-old which was later discovered to be due to this rare entity. Our case highlights the importance of being open to the possibility of LVNC when a child presents in a cardiac emergency, especially due to its close imitator-hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. With early recognition, we can thus advance further into preventive pediatric cardiology.
Machine Learning Approach to Control Thermal Strategies and Mitigate Sensor Failure Penalty on Emissions
Authors: Kumar Amit , V H Yashwanth , Kumar Raman , Hegde Karthik , Manojdharan Arjungopal
Published: December 2024

As vehicle emission standards are becoming stringent worldwide because of the looming climate crisis, it is important to control the pollutants that vehicles emit. To achieve the stringent emission target, it has become a priority to enhance the capability of Emission Control System (ECS) which consist of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) sub-systems. One of the bottlenecks is the limited operating temperature range of the after-treatment system. In modern emission control systems, the temperature characteristics should always be optimized to have the best efficiency involving chemical conversions. To achieve this optimal operating temperature, different thermal control strategies are followed in the Engine and emission control unit. Temperature sensor values are one of the primary inputs for thermal management strategies.

In the event of temperature sensor malfunction, the ECS performance is affected due to incorrect temperature input, resulting in higher emissions leading to performance limitations. To mitigate this issue, it is important to predict the exhaust gas temperature precisely. In this paper, studies are carried out to show Machine Learning (ML) based digital sensors can be instrumental in maintaining ECS functionality and performance.

This paper focuses on developing Machine Learning (ML) Model to replicate the sensor prediction based on dependent parameters. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is explored and implemented to predict the SCR inlet temperature. The predicted temperature is used to control various thermal strategies to improve the SCR performance. The selected model is trained and tested with actual vehicle data for real time correlation. The model’s performance is improved through evaluation metrices such as R2-Score, Mean Squared Error, and Mean Absolute Error. These metrices provide a thorough evaluation of the algorithm’s performance compared to the actual observed values. The high R2 Score indicates strong predictive capability, while the low errors demonstrate the model’s reliability.
Development of an Assessment Methodology for Synchronizer Ring (CuZn Alloy) Wear Durability
Authors: Singh Paramjeet , Yadav Sanjay Kumar
Published: December 2024

Gear shifting effort or force especially in manual transmission has been one of the key factors for subjective assessment in passenger vehicle segment. An optimum effort to shift into the gears creates a big difference in overall assessment of the vehicle.

The gear shifting effort travels through the transmission shifting system that helps driver to shift between the different available gears as per the torque and speed demand. The shifting system is further divided into two sub-systems. 1. Peripheral system [Gear Shift Lever with knob and shift Cable Assembly] and Shift system inside the transmission [Shift Tower Assembly, Shift Forks, Hub and sleeve Assembly with keys, Gear Cones and Synchronizer Rings etc.] [1]. Both the systems have their own role in overall gear shifting effort. There has been work already done on evaluation of the transmission shifting system as whole for gear shifting effort with typical test bench layouts. Also, work has been on assessment of life of the synchronizer ring as standalone.

Current paper explains the work done on the development of a methodology to evaluate the synchronizer ring assembly on a test bench that accommodates only a Synchronizer ring and Gear cone set for evaluation, and the results of which can be correlated with bench testing of the complete synchronizer ring evaluation along-with Transmission shifting system.
Effect of heat and addition of sugar on pineapple must fermentation
Authors: Diantom Agoura , Melila Mamatchi , Melila Mamatchi , Agblekpe Kokouvi Agbessi , Tchacondo Tchadjobo
Published: December 2024

Pineapple, a tropical fruit with an important sugar content, is often used to produce a traditional wine. This study was carried out to  explore the effect of heat and addition of sugar on pineapple must fermentation. Pineapple must was fermented and total soluble solids  content, pH, temperature and alcohol content were analysed. A significant decrease in total soluble solids was detected during the  fermentation (21.83 ± 0.34 to 7.00 ± 0.37), the pH value between 4.19 ± 0.02 and 3.39 ± 0.03 and the fluctuation in temperature was  observed during the fermentation. The alcohol content significantly increased in all samples during fermentation. The alcohol content  also significantly increased in the presence of sugar (9 ± 0.2 after 24 hours and 10 ± 0.2 after 48 hours) respectively. The use of yeast and  sugar might be an important option to improve the alcohol content in pineapple wine. It will be important to explore the chemical  component in both spontaneous and yeast fermentation for defining the quality of the traditional pineapple wine.
Investigations ethnobotaniques sur Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) dans deux régions du Sénégal
Authors: Faye Mada , Diallo Diawo , Badock Edmond Antoine , Niang Lahat , Drame Abdoulaye , Ayessou Nicolas Cyrille
Published: December 2024

La nécessité d’habilitation des plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle africaine a suscité des investigations sur Moringa oleifera dont  les connaissances restent empiriques. L’objectif de ce travail était de faire l’inventaire des différents usages médicaux et  alimentaires du Moringa oleifera. C’est dans ce cadre, qu’une étude ethnobotanique a été menée dans deux régions du Sénégal entre  décembre 2022 et février 2023 auprès de 102 personnes. Les résultats ont montré que les feuilles et les graines de Moringa oleifera  étaient les organes les plus utilisés en thérapie, avec respectivement 85,70% et 57,50%, suivis des racines (30%) et des écorces (28,15%).  Ces organes ont été utilisées essentiellement dans le traitement de pathologies diverses telles que : le paludisme (56%), l’hypertension  artérielle (HTA) (51,5%), le diabète (49%), la sinusite (34%) et l’ulcère (27,45%). Les modes de préparation les plus fréquents étaient la  décoction (72%), la macération (53,9%) et l’infusion (34,32%). Pour les usages alimentaires, les feuilles (89,29%) ont été les organes les  plus sollicitées. Ces résultats constituent une contribution dans la mise en place d’informations ethnobotaniques sur Moringa oleifera et  devraient conduire vers des investigations plus ciblées, notamment phytochimiques et phytopharmacologiques. 
 
Ethnobotanical  investigations on Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in two regions of Senegal
The need to understand plants used in traditional African medicine has prompted investigations on Moringa oleifera, the knowledge of  which remains empirical. The purpose of this work was to specify the various uses of Moringa oleifera in medical and food practice. In  this context an ethno-botanical survey was carried out in two The need to understand plants used in traditional African medicine has  prompted investigations on Moringa oleifera, the knowledge of which remains empirical. The purpose of this work was to specify the  various uses of Moringa oleifera in medical and food practice. In this context an ethno-botanical survey was carried out in two   regions of Senegal between December 2022 and February 2023 on a sample of 102 people. The results showed that leaves and seeds were the most  used organs in therapy, respectively 85.70% and 57.50%, followed by roots (30%) and barks (28.15%). These organs were mainly used in  the treatment of various pathologies such as: malaria (56%), high blood pressure (hypertension) (51.5%), diabetes (49%), sinusitis (34%)  and ulcer (27.45%). The most common methods of preparation were decoction (72%), maceration (53.9%) and infusion (34.32%). In food,  leaves (89.29%) were the most used organ. These results constitute a contribution to the establishment of ethnobotanical informations  on Moringa oleifera and should lead to more targeted investigations, notably phytochemical and phyto-pharmacological.
Zooplanktonic dietary preferences of Ethmalosa fimbriata (Clupeidae) and Eucinostomus melanopterus (Gerreidae) in Lake Nokoué in Benin
Authors: Akodogbo Hervé Hotèkpo , Boco Don-Marie Stéphane Dansi , Djidohokpin Gildas , Hoto Gérard , Zounnon Lewis , Ouinsou François Talomonwo , Dossou-Sognon Fridolin Ubald , Azon Mahunan Tobias Césaire , Sohou Zacharie , Zébazé Serge Hubert Togouet
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present study was to examine the zooplanktonic prey preferences of two important artisanal fish species, Ethmalosa  fimbriata (Clupeidae) and the Eucinostomus melanopterus (Gerreidae) in Lake Nokoué. A monthly sampling was conducted from  September 2021 to January 2022, and the stomach contents of the sampled fish were analyzed using presence-absence and numeric  abundance methods. The results revealed that both species primarily consume three main zooplankton taxa: copepods, rotifers, and  cladocerans. Ethmalosa fimbriata, especially individuals subadults (9-13 cm) consistently favored Copepods, with an occurrence frequency of 70.45%, regardless of its size. In contrast, Eucinostomus melanopterus, especially adult individuals (13-15 cm), exhibited a  strong preference for Cladocerans, with an occurrence frequency of 50.54%. The monthly variation in the Average Nutrition Index (ANI)  for E. fimbriata showed higher feeding intensity during November (5.9 ± 5.0) and lower in January (1.92 ± 1.2), with a significant difference  (P-value<0.05). Principal Component Analysis indicated no significant zooplankton prey preference based on size among  juvenile stages of E. fimbriata. However, adult E. melanopterus demonstrated a discernible selectivity towards Cladocerans. These  findings, with significant size-dependent variations (P-value<0.001), provide valuable insights into the dietary preferences and ecological  roles of these two fish species in Lake Nokoué.
Designing a sensor based on carbon quantum dots for the detection of iron ions
Authors: Aka Martin Alla , Meledje Jean Claude , Koutouan Mireille Laurence , Irie Williams Irié Bi , Pomi Narcisse Boussou Bi , Koffi Sylvestre Kra Koffi , Konan Sylvestre Koffi
Published: December 2024

The Accurate detection of iron ions is of paramount importance for both environmental protection and human health. To this end, this  work focused on the use of Carbon dots (CDs) obtained by hydrothermal method from grapefruit peel. These CDs were used as a sensor  for detecting iron ions. Under Ultra-Violet (UV) irradiation, these CDs exhibited intense blue fluorescence. In addition, the results of pH  optimization during the detection of iron ions revealed that the CDs can allow simultaneously detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions at pH between 2 and 5 with detection limits of 32.631 µg/L and 36.751 µg/ L at pH 4, and selectively Fe3+ ions at pH 1 with a limit of 38.072 µg/L  by bimodal colorimetric and UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. It should also be noted that these results were due to result in color changes  in natural light and in a more pronounced quenching of fluorescence in the presence of ferric ions.
Etude des modèles d’activités diurnes du cobe defassa (Kobus ellipsirymnus defassa, Ruppell, 1835) dans le parc national du Niokolo Koba sud-est du Sénégal
Authors: Fall Kodé , Thiam Massamnba , Ndiaye Papa Ibnou
Published: December 2024

L'étude se portait sur le modèle d'activité diurne de la population de cobes defassa (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) dans le parc national  du Niokolo Koba du Sénégal au niveau de cinq mares permanentes. L’utilité était de connaitre les activités pour bien gérer ces espèces et  leur écosystème. Nous avons fait des observations directes sur des individus et/ou à l’aide de jumelles afin de déterminer les schémas  d’activités pendant huit heures de temps par jour, selon Altman (1974), l’individuel a été choisi au hasard, le sexe et la structure  sociale déterminés si possible. Les individus de petite taille ont été enregistrés comme juvéniles avec des fois des sexes  inconnus, les individus de taille moyenne avec cornes ont été enregistrés comme mâles sub-adultes, les individus de taille moyenne sans  cornes ont été enregistrés comme femelles sub-adultes, les individus de grande taille avec cornes ont été enregistrés comme mâles  adultes, et les individus de grande taille sans cornes ont été enregistrés comme femelles adultes. L'alimentation a représenté les plus  grandes occasions d'observation (70,5%), suivie par le repos (coucher) (19,5%) et l’activité debout (6,25%). Les résultats ont montré aussi  que, les cobes marchent davantage le matin et en fin d’après-midi. Pendant la mi-journée correspondant aux heures chaudes les cobes  se reposent en se couchant et des fois sous l’ombre ou bien sur les herbes fraîches. Il est d’une importance capitale de miser sur la  conservation des grands herbivores dépendants à l’eau comme le cobe defassa car leur conservation permettrait de faire une bonne  gestion en même temps de l’écosystème de l’aire protégée qui constitue le dernier de ces espèces sauvages au Sénégal. Toute  information publiée spécifiquement sur les espèces concernant la dynamique de sa population, l’organisation sociale, les schémas  d’activités diurnes et leurs conséquences sont essentielles pour la gestion de la conservation de toute faune sauvage, et plus important encore, pour l'une des espèces des grands herbivores dépendants à l’eau qui abrite le parc national du Niokolo Koba (PNNK) du Sénégal.
Strategic Management Practices and Governance in Local Governments: An Empirical Study of Mufindi District Council, Tanzania
Authors: Pandisha Haghai , Kombe Wilbard , Kayunze Kim
Published: December 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of strategic management practices (SMPs) in local governments, using Mufindi District Council in Tanzania as a case study. The study also investigates the adoption and implementation of SMPs in the council, and their impact on governance and service delivery. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The findings revealed that the council has adopted various SMPs, including situation analysis, strategic formulation, strategic implementation, and strategic evaluation. However, the study also identifies several challenges that hinder the effective implementation of SMPs, including inadequate human resources, limited financial resources, and poor coordination and communication. The study concludes that SMPs have a positive impact on governance and service delivery in the council, but their effectiveness is compromised by various internal and external factors. The study recommends that the council should prioritize capacity building, resource mobilization, and stakeholder engagement to enhance the effectiveness of SMPs. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on SMPs in local governments and provide insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to improve governance and service delivery in local governments.
Efficacy of Zonocercus variegatus (Grasshopper) meal on Clarias gariepinus juveniles – Growth rate in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Authors: Onyaweyo Ayuba Scholastica , Suleiman Abdulrahman Itopa , Magaji Hamza , Abdullahi Nana-mariam , Itopa Ahmad Abdulrazaq , Bilal Muhammad , Obansa Ummulhanni Oyiza
Published: December 2024

The residents of the north-eastern part of Nigeria like eating edible grasshoppers, which have an amino acid profile that is comparable to fish meal. In terms of amino acid composition, these grasshoppers are just as rich as fish meal. This study investigated the effects of feeding juveniles Clarias gariepinus different amounts of Grasshopper meal (GM) in their diet. Twenty-four (24) Clarias gariepinus juveniles were bought, acclimated for seven days and divided into five treatments groups (Control, T1, T2, T3, and T4). The grasshopper was ground into powder form after being oven-dried to a uniform weight. Five diets were created, each with a different inclusion level of 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively. The proximate analysis showed that GM contained 60.90% Crude protein, 12.0% Ether extract, 1.0% Ash content, and 17.0% crude fibre accordingly. Diet T3 had the lowest survival rate at 60%, while diets T1, T4, TC and T2 all had survival rate of 75%. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the two diets. In all of the treatments that were looked at, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) revealed significant variations (p<0.05). Increase mean Length (IML) varied significantly(p<0.05) with T4 gaining the most length (12.67cm) and T3 gaining the least (5.58cm). With the exception of T2 and T3, the physico-chemical parameters of water in the experimental tank were within the acceptable range for C. gariepinus optimum growth. It is recommended that Grasshopper meal (GM) be added to the feed of C. gariepinus for optimum growth performance and lower production costs.
Combination effect of formulated high glycemic index diet with glibenclamide on fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and CYP2C9 in rats
Authors: Suberu Abdullahi Amoto , Ibrahim Aminu , Suleiman Abdulrahman Itopa , Sule Zainab Dauda , Itopa Ahmad Abdulrazaq , Magaji Hamza , Lawal Abdulfatah Adaviruku , Okatahi Ayuba Suleiman
Published: December 2024

Interaction exists between natural products due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of drug-drug interactions. This research was designed to investigate the combination effect of a diet formulated from rice and sweet potato with glibenclamide on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The diet was shade-dried, ground, and pelletized into serving sizes of 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g. A nutrient composition study was evaluated and glycaemic composition (index and load) of the formulated diet were determined to be 80.09% and 64.57 g/100 g respectively. Fifty-five (55) rats were randomized into eleven (11) groups of five (5) members and used for the study. Two of the groups were used as Normal and Negative control. The remaining nine (9) served as the experimental groups divided into three (3), with each having three (3) sub-groups that were placed on three (3) varying doses of the formulated diet, glibenclamide, and both. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) of all the rats were evaluated for four weeks. The lipid profile parameters were determined and Cytochrome P4502C9 was done with CYP2C9 ELISA kit. From the combination effect study, FBG result, it was observed that the diet is antagonizing with the drug all through, except additive effect observed in week two, when a lower dose of drug and diet were administered. All three doses of drug and diet showed synergistic effect on LDL-Cholesterol. This can be attributed to the diet having high glycaemic index with low fat which can be avoided in the dietary management of Diabetes. Lower dose of drug and diet showed synergistic effect while high and moderate doses showed antagonistic effect on triglycerides. The combination index values for lower, moderate, and high doses of glibenclamide with the formulated diet on the CYP2C9 concentrations are 1, indicating that the formulated diet has an antagonistic effect on glibenclamide.
Serum levels of copper and zinc and their relationship with iron status in sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Ninani Garba , Buru Ayuba , Nuhu Kase , Zagi Thomas , Mercy Kure , Suleiman Jamila , Sambo Haruna
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To determine the serum levels of copper and zinc and their relationship with iron status in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Methods: Sixty-six (66) subjects comprising thirty-five (35) HbSS steady state (SS) and thirty-one (31) HbAA as control subjects receiving treatment in the Hematology Clinic, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria were recruited for the study. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to analyze the level of serum iron, copper, and zinc, while ferritin enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the serum ferritin. Results: Serum levels of copper and zinc were significantly lower compared to control in SCA (SS) subjects (p < 0.05). Similarly, serum iron and ferritin in SCA (SS), compared to control subjects, were significantly lower (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed in serum levels of copper and iron (r = 0.46 and p < 0.05). Likewise, a positive correlation also was observed between zinc and iron serum levels (r = 0.65 and p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation was observed between copper and serum ferritin, and between zinc and serum ferritin (r = 0.44 and p < 0.05; r = 0.69 and p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: This study shows significantly lower levels of copper and zinc in subjects with SCA compared to control. Furthermore, low levels of copper and zinc correlate with iron deficiency in SCA patients. This may be due to the function of these trace elements in iron mobilization and utilization for hemoglobin and red blood cell synthesis and immune functions. This specific mechanism will require further investigation.