bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resultados de la implantación de un método de innovación docente en el aula. Flip-teaching
Authors: Giménez Ibáñez Raquel , Barelles Vicente Emma
Published: July 2016

El método de innovación educativa que se implanta está basado en el Flip-Teaching o clase inversa y  se desarrolla con la inversión the los roles de los protagonistas en las aulas. El profesor prepara contenidos a los alumnos, los alumnos los revisan antes de la clase y durante la clase se trabaja sobre esos conceptos de manera totalmente práctica. De esta forma el alumno practica desde el primer momento y las dudas surgen en el aula donde el profesor se encuentra y puede ayudarle a resolverlas. El método se implanta por la necesidad que se observa en la asignatura de cambiar el sistema por tratarse de unos contenidos que como mejor se aprenden es practicándolos. Este artículo pretende mostrar los resultados obtenidos después de haber implantado este sistema y las diferencias aparecidas con respecto a años anteriores.
Un año de FLIP: Corrigiendo errores
Authors: Oltra Juan Vte.
Published: July 2016

Supone esta comunicación el intento de dar respuesta a dos problemas planteados en una experiencia previa de FLIP-Teaching: reducir el trabajo del docente en lo que respecta a la corrección de pruebas, manteniendo la misma cadencia en la evaluación continua y al tiempo lograr que el alumnado no ignore el material presentado como texto, de lectura necesaria antes de una actividad en aula. En la presente comunicación se exponen las diferencias implementadas en el diseño, para intentar evadir los problemas citados. Así mismo,  se presenta una pequeña muestra de una encuesta pasada al alumnado.   Palabras clave: FLIP-Teaching, innovación docente, evaluación, metodologías
Ventajas y usos de Twitter, como herramienta de mejora de la educación universitaria
Authors: Garrigos-Simo Fernando Jose , Oltra Gutiérrez Juan Vte. , Narangajavana Yeamduan , Estellés Miguel Sofía
Published: July 2016

Esta comunicación pretende analizar las pobililidades de la red social Twitter, como herramienta importante para mejorar los metodos de ensañanza en la educación superior. Específicamente, el artículo estudia diversos modos y posibilidades de esta red social, con el objeto de proveer diferentes aplicaciones y servicios para estudiantes, profesores y organizaciones. El trabajo se concentra en el estudio de las ventajas y usos de Twitter, como paso previo a implementar esta herramienta como aplicación relevante para su utilización en las universidades, aunque señala también posibles desventajas y aplicaciones metodológicas. El artículo es el punto de partida de un proyecto más amplio desarrollado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad Politécnica de València (ETSINF-UPV), y financiado con el programa PIME 2015-2016 Palabras clave: Twitter, redes sociales, educación, aprendizaje.
Mejora del sistema de evaluación de las prácticas con ordenador en la asignatura de Matemáticas Financieras I en el Grado de ADE incorporando las competencias transversales CT-3, CT-6, CT-12 y CT-13
Authors: Cervelló-Royo Roberto , Marques-Perez Inmaculada
Published: July 2016

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha traído consigo un cambio en la orientación de la enseñanza, marcando un nuevo paradigma de aprendizaje en la educación superior; en el que se ha pasado de un aprendizaje basado en contenidos, a una orientación basada en resultados de aprendizaje y desarrollo de competencias. La asignatura de Matemáticas financieras incluye, entre otras, las competencias relativas al aprendizaje de los contenidos de la asignatura: i) Sintetizar de forma crítica información proveniente de fuentes diversas, ii) Planificar eficientemente el trabajo, iii) Aportar soluciones creativas en la resolución de problemas. Además entre las muchas competencias transversales (CT) (un total de nueve CTs), se trabajaron como puntos de control las competencias CT-12_ Planificación y gestión del tiempo y la CT-13 Instrumental específica. Bajo la visión metodológica de action research (investigación-acción), y ante la observación crítica de la situación de la docencia de Matemáticas Financieras se utilizaron las prácticas en laboratorio para plantear casos y problemas reales, evitando de esta manera, la mera resolución de simples ejercicios prácticos, mediante el uso y los recursos informáticos del laboratorio de prácticas, y con la necesidad de gestionar adecudamente el tiempo de las sesiones, con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos de aprendizaje propuestos. De esta manera, se pudo comprobar como con la resolución de dichos suspuestos prácticos en el aula informática, se conseguían reforzar diversas competencias transversales y, de manera especial, las tomadas como punto de control. Palabras clave: action-research (investigación-acción), competencias, recursos informáticos, , matemáticas financieras, planificación y gestión del tiempo, instrumental informático.
Delineating incised stream sediment sources within a San Francisco Bay
tributary basin
Authors: Bigelow Paul , Benda Lee , Pearce Sarah
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Erosion and sedimentation pose ubiquitous problems for land and watershed managers, requiring delineation of sediment sources and sinks across landscapes. However, the technical complexity of many spatially explicit erosion models precludes their use by practitioners. To address this critical gap, we demonstrate a contemporary use of applied geomorphometry through a straightforward GIS analysis of sediment sources in the San Francisco Bay Area in California, USA, designed to support erosion reduction strategies. Using 2 m lidar digital elevation models, we delineated the entire river network in the Arroyo Mocho watershed (573 km2) at the scale of  ∼  30 m segments and identified incised landforms using a combination of hillslope gradient and planform curvature. Chronic erosion to the channel network was estimated based on these topographic attributes and the size of vegetation, and calibrated to sediment gage data, providing a spatially explicit estimate of sediment yield from incised channels across the basin. Rates of erosion were summarized downstream through the channel network, revealing patterns of sediment supply at the reach scale. Erosion and sediment supply were also aggregated to subbasins, allowing comparative analyses at the scale of tributaries. The erosion patterns delineated using this approach provide land use planners with a robust framework to design erosion reduction strategies. More broadly, the study demonstrates a modern analysis of important geomorphic processes affected by land use that is easily applied by agencies to solve common problems in watersheds, improving the integration between science and environmental management.
Constraining the strength of the terrestrial CO2 fertilization effect
in the Canadian Earth system model version 4.2 (CanESM4.2)
Authors: Arora Vivek K. , Scinocca John F.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) explicitly simulate the interactions between the physical climate system components and biogeochemical cycles. Physical and biogeochemical aspects of ESMs are routinely compared against their observation-based counterparts to assess model performance and to evaluate how this performance is affected by ongoing model development. Here, we assess the performance of version 4.2 of the Canadian Earth system model against four land carbon-cycle-focused, observation-based determinants of the global carbon cycle and the historical global carbon budget over the 1850–2005 period. Our objective is to constrain the strength of the terrestrial CO2 fertilization effect, which is known to be the most uncertain of all carbon-cycle feedbacks. The observation-based determinants include (1) globally averaged atmospheric CO2 concentration, (2) cumulative atmosphere–land CO2 flux, (3) atmosphere–land CO2 flux for the decades of 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, and (4) the amplitude of the globally averaged annual CO2 cycle and its increase over the 1980 to 2005 period. The optimal simulation that satisfies constraints imposed by the first three determinants yields a net primary productivity (NPP) increase from  ∼  58 Pg C year−1 in 1850 to about  ∼  74 Pg C year−1 in 2005; an increase of  ∼  27 % over the 1850–2005 period. The simulated loss in the global soil carbon amount due to anthropogenic land use change (LUC) over the historical period is also broadly consistent with empirical estimates. Yet, it remains possible that these determinants of the global carbon cycle are insufficient to adequately constrain the historical carbon budget, and consequently the strength of terrestrial CO2 fertilization effect as it is represented in the model, given the large uncertainty associated with LUC emissions over the historical period.
GIS analysis of effects of future Baltic sea level rise on the island of Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Ebert Karin , Ekstedt Karin , Jarsjö Jerker
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Future sea level rise as a consequence of global warming will affect the world's coastal regions. Even though the pace of sea level rise is not clear, the consequences will be severe and global. Commonly the effects of future sea level rise are investigated for relatively vulnerable development countries; however, a whole range of varying regions needs to be considered in order to improve the understanding of global consequences. In this paper we investigate consequences of future sea level rise along the coast of the Baltic Sea island of Gotland, Sweden, with the aim to fill knowledge gaps regarding comparatively well-suited areas in developed countries. We study both the quantity of the loss of features of infrastructure, cultural, and natural value in the case of a 2 m sea level rise of the Baltic Sea and the effects of climate change on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, which indirectly cause saltwater intrusion in wells. We conduct a multi-criteria risk analysis by using lidar data on land elevation and GIS-vulnerability mapping, which gives the application of distance and elevation parameters formerly unimaginable precision. We find that in case of a 2 m sea level rise, 3 % of the land area of Gotland, corresponding to 99 km2, will be inundated. The features most strongly affected are items of touristic or nature value, including camping places, shore meadows, sea stack areas, and endangered plants and species habitats. In total, 231 out of 7354 wells will be directly inundated, and the number of wells in the high-risk zone for saltwater intrusion in wells will increase considerably. Some valuable features will be irreversibly lost due to, for example, inundation of sea stacks and the passing of tipping points for seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers; others might simply be moved further inland, but this requires considerable economic means and prioritization. With nature tourism being one of the main income sources of Gotland, monitoring and planning are required to meet the changes. Seeing Gotland in a global perspective, this island shows that holistic multi-feature studies of future consequences of sea level rise are required to identify overall consequences for individual regions.
GPS-derived ground deformation (2005–2014) within the Gulf of Mexico region referred to a stable Gulf of Mexico reference frame
Authors: Yu Jiangbo , Wang Guoquan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study investigates current ground deformation derived from the GPS geodesy infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico region. The positions and velocity vectors of 161 continuous GPS (CGPS) stations are presented with respect to a newly established local reference frame, the Stable Gulf of Mexico Reference Frame (SGOMRF). Thirteen long-term (> 5 years) CGPS are used to realize the local reference frame. The root mean square (RMS) of the velocities of the 13 SGOMRF reference stations achieves 0.2 mm yr−1 in the horizontal and 0.3 mm yr−1 in the vertical directions. GPS observations presented in this study indicate significant land subsidence in the coastal area of southeastern Louisiana, the greater Houston metropolitan area, and two cities in Mexico (Aguascalientes and Mexico City). The most rapid subsidence is recorded at the Mexico City International airport, which is up to 26.6 cm yr−1 (2008–2014). Significant spatial variation of subsidence rates is observed in both Mexico City and the Houston area. The overall subsidence rate in the Houston area is decreasing. The subsidence rate in southeastern Louisiana is relatively smaller (4.0–6.0 mm yr−1) but tends to be steady over time. This poses a potential threat to the safety of coastal infrastructure in the long-term.
Modelling rock wall permafrost degradation in the Mont Blanc massif from the LIA to the end of the 21st century
Authors: Magnin Florence , Josnin Jean-Yves , Ravanel Ludovic , Pergaud Julien , Pohl Benjamin , Deline Philip
Published: July 2016

Abstract. High alpine rock wall permafrost is extremely sensitive to climate change. Its degradation can trigger rock falls constituting an increasing threat to socio-economical activities of highly frequented areas. Understanding of permafrost evolution is therefore crucial. This study investigates the long-term evolution of permafrost in three vertical cross-sections of rock wall sites between 3160 and 4300 m a.s.l. in the Mont Blanc massif, since LIA steady-state conditions to 2100. Simulations are forced with air temperature time series, including two contrasted air temperature scenarios for the 21st century representing possible lower and upper boundaries of future climate change according to the most recent models and climate change scenarios. The model outputs for the current period (2010–2015) are evaluated against borehole temperature measurements and an electrical resistivity transect: permafrost conditions are remarkably well represented. Along the past two decades, permafrost has disappeared into the S-exposed faces up to 3300 m a.s.l., and possibly higher. Warm permafrost (i.e. > −2 °C) has extended up to 3300 and 3850 m a.s.l. in N and S-exposed faces, respectively. Along the 21st century, warm permafrost is likely to extent at least up to 4300 m a.s.l. into the S-exposed rock walls, and up to 3850 m a.s.l. at depth of the N-exposed faces. In the most pessimistic case, permafrost will disappear at depth of the S-exposed rock walls up to 4300 m a.s.l., whereas warm permafrost will extend at depth of the N faces up to 3850 m a.s.l., but could disappear at such elevation under the influence of a close S face. The results are site-specific and extrapolation to other sites is limited by the imbrication of the local topographical and transient effects. Shorter time-scale changes are not debatable due to limitations in the modelling approaches and future air temperature scenarios.
Tracing the Horizon: iLANDing as Radical Archive Practice and Pedagogy
Authors: Kennedy Christopher , Holt Ann
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to highlight an example of how a group of artists/educators/researchers involved in the Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Art, Nature and Dance (iLAND), conceptualize their practice as both users and producers of archives. We pose the following questions within the process of conceptualizing the iLAND archive: What is the radical pedagogy inherent in iLANDing? Moreover, how does the archiving of iLAND, a transdisciplinary practice of intervening into the city/land/body-scape, translate as radical archiving?
Minor lipophilic compounds in edible insects
Authors: Sabolová Monika , Adámková Anna , Kouřimská Lenka , Chrpová Diana , Pánek Jan
Published: July 2016

Contemporary society is faced with the question how to ensure suffiecient nutrition (quantity and quality) for rapidly growing population. One solution can be consumption of edible insect, which can have very good nutritional value (dietary energy, protein, fatty acids, fibers, dietary minerals and vitamins composition). Some edible insects species, which contains a relatively large amount of fat, can have a potential to be a „good" (interesting, new) source of minor lipophilic compounds such as sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols) and tocopherols in our diet. For this reason, the objective of this work was to characterize the sterols and tocopherols composition of fat from larvae of edible insect Zophobas morio L. and Tenebrio mollitor L. Cholesterol and three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were reliably identified and quantified after hot saponification and derivatization by GC-MS. Other steroid compounds, including 5,6-trans-cholecalciferol were identified only according to the NIST library. Cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all analysed samples. Both types of larvae also contained high amount of phytosterols. Different region of origin had a no significant impact on sterols composition, while the effect of beetle genus was crucial. Tocopherols were analysed by reverse phase HPLC coupled with amperometric detection. Tocopherols content in mealworm larvae was lower than content in edible oils, but important from the nutritional point of view. Change of tocopherols composition was not observed during the storage under different conditions. Larvae of edible insect can be a potential good dietary source of cholesterol, but also vitamin D3 isomers, phytosterols and tocopherols.
Intersection of mycotoxins from grains to finished baking
Authors: Šottní­ková Viera , Hřivna Luděk , Burešová Iva , Nedělní­k Jan
Published: July 2016

This work is focused on the evaluation of the content of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in samples of winter wheat of the following varieties: Sultan, Cubus, Akteur, Seladon, Mulan, Chevalier, Evina, Hewitt, Bohemia, Baletka. The total amount of 10 samples harvested in 2011 and 2012 was evaluated and included variants both treated and untreated against fungal diseases. The samples were adjusted for mycotoxicological determination and subsequently measured by the ELISA method. The content of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) was measured in grain, flour and breadrolls in all samples. Out of all samples 43% were found to have positive content of DON and 75% of ZEA. In the treated variants, the average DON content was found to be 115 µg.kg-1 in grain, 77 µg.kg-1 in flour and 97 µg.kg-1 in pastries. In the untreated variants, the average DON content was found to be 208 µg.kg-1 in grain, 103 µg.kg-1 in flour and 128 µg.kg-1 in pastries. Moreover, the average ZEA content in the treated variant was 4.95 µg.kg-1 in grain, 3.38 µg.kg-1 in flour and 4.51 µg.kg-1 in pastries, in the non-treated variant average ZEA content in grain was 3.07 µg.kg-1, 4.97 µg.kg-1 in flour and 2.81 µg.kg-1 in pastries. The maximal acceptable limits given by the valid legislation were not exceeded in any analysed sample. It can be concluded wheat grain grown in the Czech Republic, whether it is treated or untreated by fungicides, is not dangerous for consumers. The content of both mycotoxins is not dependent on each other, and the untreated variant has a slightly higher dependency between DON and ZEA.
Microbiological evaluation of fish
Authors: Cwiková Olga
Published: July 2016

Fish meat has a specific composition that positively influences human health. Thanks to this composition, it is an excellent nutritional medium for growth and reproduction of undesirable microorganisms, which may cause spoilage and they can also lead to alimentary illnesses. Microbiota of fish is dominated by Gram negative and psychrophilic bacteria. Microbial contamination causes fish deterioration and leads to the end of its shelf-life when reaches levels between 107 and 109 CFU.g-1. The most appropriate temperature for storage of fish is between -1 °C and 4 °C and the ideal relative air humidity is 80 to 85%. The objective of the work was to evaluate microbiological quality of fresh fish (Rainbow Trout, Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic Cod) bought in various types of stores in the Czech Republic and to evaluate if different storage temperatures have influence on the quantity of microorganisms. The following microorganisms were monitored: the total aerobic count (TAC), coliform bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Based on the obtained results it is possible to state that difference between individual stores (p >0.05) in the total aerobic count and the quantity of E. coli (except for cod) was not proven. After 2 days of storage there was increase (p ˂0.05) of the total aerobic count in case of all monitored fish species from all stores. In case of coliform bacteria and E. coli there was increase (p ˂0.05) of their quantity in a majority of the analysed samples. Different storage temperature (4 °C and 8 °C) did not have influence (p ˂0.05) on the TAC, the quantity of coliform bacteria (except for cod) and the quantity of E. coli (except for trout).
Effect of farming system on colour components of wheat noodles
Authors: Lacko-Bartosova Magdalena , Lacko-Bartosova Lucia
Published: July 2016

Colour of noodles is definitely a key element of a consumer's buying decisions. It can be influenced by many factors. Conditions, under which is winter wheat grown, can be considered as one of these factors. The aim of this work was to evaluate colour of noodles that were prepared from winter wheat grown in ecological and integrated arable farming systems, after different forecrops with two levels of fertilization (fertilized and unfertilized) during the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Winter wheat noodles were prepared from white flour and wholegrain flour and its colour was evaluated using the spectro-colorimeter. Colour was measured by three coordinates: lightness L*, red/ green value a* and yellow/ blue value b*. Wholegrain noodles had lower L* value, so they were darker than white flour noodles, with higher redness and higher yellowness. Colour of white flour noodles and wholegrain noodles was significantly influenced by crop nutrition (fertilized and unfertilized variants), farming system and meteorological conditions during experimental years. Wholegrain noodles from ecological system were darker, with lower lightness and higher redness compared to noodles from integrated system. White flour noodles from ecological system were also darker compared to noodles from integrated system. Fertilization decreased lightness of white flour noodles, on the contrary, fertilization increased the lightness and decreased the redness of wholegrain noodles. In non-fertilized treatment, ecological wheat noodles were darker, with higher redness and yellowness than noodles prepared from winter wheat grown in integrated arable farming system.
Effects of silicate application on soil fertility and wheat yield
Authors: Sarto Marcos Vinícius Mansano , Lana Maria do Carmo , Rampim Leandro , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Wobeto Jaqueline Rocha
Published: July 2016

An improvement in soil chemical properties and crop development with silicate application has been confirmed in several plant species. The effects of silicate application on soil chemical properties and wheat growth were investigated in the present study. The experiment was carried out in 8-L plastic pots in a greenhouse. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 × 5 factorial: three soils [Rhodic Acrudox (Ox1), Rhodic Hapludox (Ox2) and Arenic Hapludult (Ult)] and five silicate rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha–1 of calcium/magnesium silicate), with four replications. The plant length, number of spikes per pot, shoot dry matter and grain yield, were measured after 115 days of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Changes in the soil chemical properties (pH, H+ + Al3+, Al3+, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) were analyzed after wheat harvest. Application of calcium/magnesium silicate reduces the potential acidity (H+ + Al3+) and Al3+ phytotoxic; and increases the soil pH, available Ca, Mg and Si, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil base saturation. Silicate application did not affect the available P, exchangeable K and availability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) in the three soils. The application of calcium/magnesium silicate in an acid clayey Rhodic Hapludox improves the development and yield of wheat; however, the silicate application in soil with pH higher to 5.3 and high Si availability does not affect the agronomic characteristics and grain yield of wheat.

 
Analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of chickens using contact specular microscopy
Authors: Albuquerque Luciane , Pigatto João Antonio Tadeu , Freitas Luciana Vicente da Rosa Pacicco
Published: July 2016

The corneal endothelium is a single layer of polygonal cells essential for corneal transparency. The objective of this study was to assess the parameters corneal endothelial cells in healthy chickens of different ages using a contact specular microscopy. A total 36 eyes of 18 chickens were evaluated in this study. After the humane slaughter of birds and subconjunctival enucleation, the eye bulbs were arranged into three groups according to the age of the chickens. Group 1 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 1 to 3 months old. Group 2 consisted of ocular bulbs 6 chickens with ages ranging from 5 to 12 months old. Group 3 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 24 to 40 months old. The contact specular microscopy was easy to perform and provided data such as endothelial cell density, average cell area and cellular pleomorphism. The results obtained with a contact specular microscopy revealed that the aging causes a decrease in the density of the corneal endothelium healthy chickens. Similarly, increasing the average endothelial cell area as well as the pleomorphism occurs. The present work suggests that the parameters of corneal endothelium of healthy chickens present change with advancing age.
Epidemiological status of bovine leptospirosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Hashimoto Vanessa Yumi , Dias Juliana Alves , Chideroli Roberta Torres , Barbara Jean Carlos Alves , Brunharo Talita Bianca , Dutra Leonardo Hermes , Silva Maria do Carmo Pessôa , Muller Ernst Eckehardt , Freitas Julio Cesar de
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp and their geographic distribution and to identify the risk factors associated with this disease in cattle herds with reproductive activity in the state of Paraná. A total of 14 163 females aged ?24 months originating from 1 926 herds that were not vaccinated against Leptospira spp were evaluated. To detect the Leptospira spp antibodies, all serum samples were submitted for a microscopic serum-agglutination test (MAT). An epidemiological questionnaire was performed at each farm visited to characterize the management practices and study the risk factors associated with the presence or absence of Leptospira spp. To perform geoprocessing, the geographical coordinates of each farm were recorded with a Global Positioning System (GPS), which were then used to create a map. The apparent prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the herds was the parameter used to generate the final risk map. The apparent prevalences of seropositivity in the herds and animals in Paraná state were 54.28%(95%CI:52.05- 56.51) and 37.70%(95%CI:34.54-40.86), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with leptospirosis due to any serovar were the rental of grazing areas [OR=1.91(1.36-2.68)], presence of horses [OR=1.59(1.28-1.97)], presence of > 20 females ? 24 months of age [OR=2.25(1.46-3.49)], presence of > 49 bovines [OR=2.78(1.82-4.26)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=1.96(1.59-2.41)] and presence of calving pens [OR=1.32(1.04-1.68)]. Risk factors for leptospirosis due specifically to serovar Hardjo were the presence of > 49 bovines [OR=3.05(1.94-4.80)], presence of > 20 females ? 24 months [OR=2.38(1.50-3.79)], presence of horses [OR=1.87(1.45-2.43)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=2.14(1.68-2.72)] and rental of grazing areas [OR=2.22(1.54-3.21)]. Geographically, seropositivity to Leptospira spp by MAT identified the regions North/Northwest and Southwest in the state as the areas with a higher risk of disease occurrence.
Equine infectious anemia in carthorses from urban areas of southern Brazil
Authors: Perotta João Henrique , Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Lara Maria do Carmo C. de S. Hunold , Cunha Elenice Maria Sequetin , Deconto Ivan , Dornbusch Peterson Triches , Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme , Bonacim José Edivaldo , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa , Biondo Alexander Welker , Barros Filho Ivan Roque
Published: July 2016

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an infectious viral disease caused by a Lentivirus, which affects equids worldwide. The disease has no currently treatment and euthanasia of infected animals is mandatory by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) as basis for disease control. Carthorses are used to move daily throughout the cities with their owners to collect recycling materials. Considering the socio-economic importance of this group of horses, the aim of this study was to determine the infection rate of EIA virus in carthorses from urban areas of Curitiba and surroundings. The detection of anti-EIA virus antibodies was performed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). One out of 97 (1.03%) horse was positive for EIA. Active surveillance programs are crucial for monitoring, prevention and control of infectious diseases, particularly in carthorses, which may act as disseminators of pathogens.
Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Costa Fabiana Gomes , Garcia Jocilaine , Zanine Anderson Moura , Oliveira Edmiar Barbosa de , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Pierangeli Maria Aparecida Pereira , Aguiar Silvia Cristina de
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility by sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP). We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the differences observed were tested using regression equations at 5% significance. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC),expressed in g day-1, % BW and g kg0,75-1, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of RETP. The intake of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed a linear increase (p<0.05) as RETP content rose. However, the digestibility of DM, CP, TC, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased linearly (p<0.05), while the digestibility of EE, NDF, ADF, and NFC, with average values of 62.12%; 79.95%; 41.59%; 37.12%, and 91.57%, respectively, were not significantly affected (p>0.05) when RETP was included in the diet. The inclusion of up to 15% of the residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp changes the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and reduced dry matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrates in the sheep’s diet.
Intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay
Authors: Cirne Luis Gabriel Alves , Sobrinho Américo Garcia da Silva , Basso Fernanda Carvalho , Takahashi Roque , Borghi Thiago Henrique , Viegas Carlos Renato , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Zeola Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, microbial protein synthesis, and nitrogen balance in lambs fed diets containing 0.00, 12.50, and 25.00% mulberry hay substituting the concentrate. Twentyfour Ile de France lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with a body weight of 15.48 ± 0.07 kg, were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered upon reaching 32 kg body weight. Only the intakes of ether extract and metabolizable energy decreased linearly (P<0.05) as the participation of mulberry hay in the concentrate was increased. Nitrogen in the feces, expressed in g day–1 and g kg0.75 day–1, increased linearly (P<0.05), whereas excretions (mmol day–1) of allantoin, total purines, and absorbed microbial purines, microbial production (g day–1) expressed in microbial nitrogen and microbial crude protein, and microbial efficiency expressed in g MN kg–1 RDOM–1 and g MP kg–1 of TDN decreased linearly as the level of hay in the diet was increased. Mulberry hay substituting the concentrate in diets for feedlot lambs reduces the microbial protein synthesis.
Performance and economic analysis of the production of Nile tilapia submitted to different feeding management
Authors: Passinato Érica Bevitorio , Magalhães Junior Francisco Oliveira de , Cipriano Filipe Dos Santos , Souza Ricardo Henriquede Bastos , Lima Kauana Santos de , Chiapetti Jorge , Braga Luis Gustavo Tavares
Published: July 2016

The productive performance and the variable cost of production were evaluated for different feeding strategies for tilapia during the production cycle. A sample of 2,000 juvenile tilapia was distributed (23.55 ± 2.38 g) into five treatments and with four repetitions as follows: C (feed consumption to apparent satiety), R20 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 20 g), R200 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 200 g), R400 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 400 g) and R600 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 600 g). The fish were given extruded commercial feed containing 34% crude protein until they reached a weight of 200 g, at which time they received feed containing 32% crude protein. Monthly biometrics were performed in order to determine the food restriction starting point, which was one day of restriction followed by six feeding days. The following parameters were evaluated: water quality, productive performance variables, the variable costs of production and excreted nitrogen. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey’s test (5% significance). No statistical differences were observed in final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion or survival. The fish from the R20 treatment had the lowest variable cost of production (g fish-1) and the lowest nitrogen excretion into the water. This suggests that feed restriction from the early stages of life does not compromise the productive performance and contributes to reducing the variable costs and the quantity of nitrogen excreted into the environment. Thus, a one-day per week feed restriction strategy can be applied from the earliest stages of life without compromising the productive performance or body composition of Nile tilapia. This strategy can also reduce variable costs of production by means of reducing relative labour and feed costs. 
In vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep of rations with and without residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Costa Fabiana Gomes da , Aguiar Silvia Cristina de , Garcia Jocilaine , Ribeiro Matheus Gonçalves , Zeoula Lúcia Maria , Silva Ana Paula da , Pereira Sheslei Ribeiro , Silveira Roberto Martins
Published: July 2016

This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, in vitro fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the in vivo digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the in vivo digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The IVD using different inocula did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from the in vivo digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p>0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the IVD of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p<0.05) than the CP digestibility in vivo. The in vivo digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P<0.05) than the IVD using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after in vitro incubation for 24 h and the in vivo assay were not different (p>0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH3-N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p<0.05) depending on the inocula used and the in vivo assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the in vitro fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, in vitro fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH3-N concentration.
Validating prediction equations of metabolizable energy of soybean meal for growing pigs
Authors: Pasquetti Tiago Junior , Pozza Paulo Cesar , Oliveira Newton Tavares Escocard de , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Lazzeri Doglas Batista , Castilha Leandro Dalcin
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate equations to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of soybean meal (SBM) for swine. Seven SBM were used, which were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, solubility in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and urease index. To determine the ME of SBM, 32 barrows, with an average initial weight of 29.01 ± 3.64 kg, were used and distributed in a randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. To validate the prediction equations, linear regression models were adjusted, using observed values of ME (metabolism trial) as a function of the estimated ME (obtained by applying the chemical composition of the SBM in selected equations found in the literature). The existence of regression was evaluated by the “t” test, partially applied to each parameter (?0 and ?1). The validation of the prediction models of first degree was obtained by accepting the joint null hypothesis ?0 = 0 and ?1 = 1. The equations ME = 5.42 - 17.2FDN - 19.4MM + 0.709GE and ME= 1099 + 0.740GE - 5.5MM - 3.7NDF are effective for estimating the ME of SBM for growing pigs.
Intake, physiological parameters and behavior of Angus and Nellore bulls subjected to heat stress
Authors: Valente Ériton Egidio Lisboa , Chizzotti Mario Luiz , Oliveira Cristiane Viol Ribeiro de , Galvão Matheus Castilho , Domingues Silas Sebastião , Rodrigues Aline De Castro , Ladeira Marcio Machado
Published: July 2016

Genetics differences between breeds may determine the tolerance to high temperature, effect dry matter intake and consequently cattle performance. The effect of temperature and humidity index (THI) on diurnal, nocturnal and daily intake, water intake, physiologic parameters and behavior of Nellore (B. indicus) and Angus (B. taurus) bulls were evaluated. Eight Angus and eight Nellore young bulls (337±7.4 kg and 16 months of age) were allocated in two climate-controlled rooms for 32 days. In the period 1, all bulls were housed in thermoneutral conditions (TN, THI = 72.6) for 10 days. In period 2 (10 days), four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to low heat stress (LHS, THI = 76.4) in daytime, and four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to high heat stress (HHS, THI = 81.5) in daytime. The diurnal and daily dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore were not affected (P>0.05) by heat stress. However, Angus bulls decreased diurnal DMI by 24% and daily DMI decreased (P<0.05) by 15% on HHS. In TN Angus bulls had higher (P<0.05) daily DMI (36.2 g/kg of BW) than Nellore (29.1 g/kg of BW), but in HHS they had similar (P>0.05) daily DMI (31.6 and 30.2 g/kg of BW, respectively). We observed an increase (P<0.05) in respiratory frequency, but water intake was not affected (P>0.05) by heat stress. The heart rate decreased (P<0.05) with heat stress. No differences were found (P>0.05) in feeding behavior. Therefore, THI stress threshold should distinct for Angus and Nellore bulls. The use of feed intake information may improve the prediction of thermic discomfort on specific climate condition. 
Consumer Acceptability and Descriptive Characterization of Fresh and Dried King Oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) and Hedgehog (Hydnum repandum) Mushrooms
Authors: Boin Elisa A. S. F. , Azevedo Cláudia M. A. M. , Nunes João M. S. A. , Guerra Manuela M.
Published: July 2016

King oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) and hedgehog (Hydnum repandum) mushrooms have great commercial interest due to their nutraceutical and nutritional properties, besides being new products on the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and characterize descriptively fresh and dried Pleurotus eryngii and Hydnum repandum mushrooms. Raw mushrooms were analyzed by descriptive tests and cooked mushrooms were analyzed by hedonic, discriminative and descriptive tests. Descriptive analysis was performed by QDATM method with a semi-trained panel. Acceptability as a guide to consumer trends was assessed as hedonic tests with 20 untrained judges to evaluate appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and purchase decision. To evaluate the influence of the drying process in sensory characteristics, mushroom risottos were compared by discriminative analysis. Raw fresh hedgehog mushroom was mainly characterized by the presence of teeth, cap waviness and intensity of aroma. Raw dried H. repandum was mainly depicted by the presence of teeth and wrinkles, crunchiness and hardness. Well-defined gills and velvet touch characterized raw fresh P. eryngii. Dried P. eryngii mushroom was crunchy and had different colors of cap and stem. All cooked mushrooms presented average hardness and were slightly umami, watery, chewy and had some umami aftertaste. Cooked Hydnum repandum presented high intensity of aroma and bitter aftertaste. Fresh and dried Pleurotus eryngii were well accepted, as well as fresh H. repandum. Dried H. repandum had low acceptability scores, being thus not recommended to be consumed sautéed, but in sauces or risottos.
El boom latinoamericano y la movilidad de los polisistemas: una discusión a la propuesta de Pascale Casanova
Authors: Ternicier Constanza
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo, cuyo objetivo es establecer una discusión teórica antes que aplicada, tiene como punto de partida la tesis de Pascale Casanova sobre el universalismo de la literatura francesa, pero con la finalidad de controvertirla. Desde la perspectiva de los estudios comparados, se pretende cuestionar aquí el estático y estable concepto de sistema mundial desarrollado por la autora francesa. Con el fin de lograr dicho objetivo, se establece un diálogo tanto con la teoría de los polisistemas de Even-Zohar como con las ideas de Françoise Perus sobre la realidad latinoamericana en cuanto marcada por la heterogeneidad desde su nacimiento. Tal recorrido dialéctico se consuma y concreta a través de una breve revisión de las circunstancias y consecuencias del boom latinoamericano nacido en los 60 y 70.
Is 'good' communication achievable in jury instructions? Applying communication theory to instances of instructions in jury trials.
Authors: Anesa Patrizia
Published: July 2016

Stating that 'good' communication plays a crucial role in everybody's personal and professional life would be to state the obvious. However, this well-established concept constantly seems to call for a reflection upon basic questions, such as: how can we define 'good' communication? What are the criteria that can be applied  in order to identify it and to discern it, if possible, from 'bad' communication? Is it possible to achieve it? How? Between whom? In which circumstances? What are its consequences?
The quiet organization - why a common language does not always create a linguistic community
Authors: Tange Hanne
Published: July 2016

Imagine an office environment in an international company in Denmark. Around you employees are going about their daily routines. They write e-mails while chatting to their neighbours, exchange a few comments on their way to the photocopier, and gather in the break to discuss their boss, holiday plans or news on a joint project.  Try then to imagine the same space, only without the noise: A work environment where employees perform their duties quietly and most of the chit-chat has disappeared. This is the situation in many organizations that have adopted English as their corporate language.
Højskolen Østersøen stellt sich vor!
Authors: Buhrmann Peter
Published: July 2016

Højskolen Østersøen in Aabenraa ist eine Einrichtung nach dem dänischen Gesetz der freien Schulen, die seit 17 Jahren Heimvolkshochschulkurse mit dänisch für Deutsche und deutsch für Dänen anbietet.
A large fraction of neocortical myelin ensheathes axons of local inhibitory neurons
Authors: Micheva Kristina D , Wolman Dylan , Mensh Brett D , Pax Elizabeth , Buchanan JoAnn , Smith Stephen J , Bock Davi D
Published: July 2016

Myelin is best known for its role in increasing the conduction velocity and metabolic efficiency of long-range excitatory axons. Accordingly, the myelin observed in neocortical gray matter is thought to mostly ensheath excitatory axons connecting to subcortical regions and distant cortical areas. Using independent analyses of light and electron microscopy data from mouse neocortex, we show that a surprisingly large fraction of cortical myelin (half the myelin in layer 2/3 and a quarter in layer 4) ensheathes axons of inhibitory neurons, specifically of parvalbumin-positive basket cells. This myelin differs significantly from that of excitatory axons in distribution and protein composition. Myelin on inhibitory axons is unlikely to meaningfully hasten the arrival of spikes at their pre-synaptic terminals, due to the patchy distribution and short path-lengths observed. Our results thus highlight the need for exploring alternative roles for myelin in neocortical circuits.
Electric field modulation of tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in tunnel junctions with antiferromagnetic electrodes
Authors: Goto Minori , Nawaoka Kohei , Miwa Shinji , Hatanaka Shohei , Mizuochi Norikazu , Suzuki Yoshishige
Published: July 2016

We present electric field modulation of tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in MnIr|MgO|Ta tunnel junctions. TAMR enables direct observation of the antiferromagnetic spin direction at the MnIr|MgO interface. We found that the shape of magnetoresistance (MR) curve can be modulated by an electric field, which can be explained by electric field modulation of the interfacial magnetic anisotropy at MnIr|MgO.
Growth of InGaN/GaN quantum wells with graded InGaN buffer for green-to-yellow light emitters
Authors: Hu Chia-Hsuan , Lo Ikai , Hsu Yu-Chi , Shih Cheng-Hung , Pang Wen-Yuan , Wang Ying-Chieh , Lin Yu-Chiao , Yang Chen-Chi , Tsai Cheng-Da , Hsu Gary Z. L.
Published: July 2016

We have studied the growth of high-indium-content In
x
Ga1−

x
N/GaN double quantum wells (QWs) for yellow and green light emitters by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at a low substrate temperature (570 °C). By introducing a graded In
y
Ga1−

y
N buffer layer, the PL intensity of QWs can be increased sixfold compared with that of the original structure. In addition, the indium content in InGaN QWs was increased owing the prolonged growth time of the graded In
y
Ga1−

y
N buffer layer. After adjusting to optimal growth conditions, we achieved In
x
Ga1−

x
N/GaN QWs with x = 0.32. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the emission wavelength from In
x
Ga1−

x
N/GaN QWs was 560 nm (2.20 eV). The optimal condition for the gradient In
y
Ga1−

y
N buffer layer was obtained for light emission from green to yellow.