bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEMAS DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA MASTOFAUNA UTILIZADOS PELAS COMUNIDADES LOCAIS DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA QUIÇAMA, ANGOLA
Authors: Braga Franciany , Alves Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega , Mota Heliene
Published: June 2021

Muitos cientistas estão motivados a entender como as pessoas classificam espécies, concentrando seus esforços nas chamadas taxonomias folk. Com o propósito de melhor compreender e colaborar com pesquisas relacionadas ao assunto, este estudo visou identificar as classificações de etnoespécies de mamíferos silvestres utilizadas por moradores do Parque Nacional da Quiçama (PNQ), Luanda- Angola. Para o levantamento de dados, foram selecionadas 27 informantes. Para registrar os nomes vernaculares das etnoespécies presentes no PNQ realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e checklist com estímulo visual e ‘‘turnê-guiada’’. Os dados foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente, buscando representar o consenso entre os informantes entrevistados. Foram registradas 48 etnoespécies de mamíferos, classificadas principalmente devido a aspectos morfológicos, seguidos pelos ecológicos e socioculturais. Critérios morfológicos encontrados estão associados à cor, tamanho, morfometria, ou por outra característica típica do corpo do animal. Como critério ecológico observou-se nomenclaturas relacionadas ao habitat do animal, ou se este está sozinho ou em grupo. Por exemplo, duas espécies de esquilos (nome em português), são classificadas de acordo com sua coloração e organização social, sendo assim chamadas de 1) Dicama (um único animal) ou macama (um grupo de animais)- em que ‘cama’ refere-se a uma coloração vermelha, e 2) Dibuco (um único animal) ou mabuco (em grupo de animais)- em que ‘buco’ refere-se a uma coloração castanha. Por vezes nomes binominal também são utilizados para especificar melhor determinada espécie. Aspectos socioculturais como localização e urbanização da comunidade também são responsáveis por influenciar na classificação das espécies. Observa-se, portanto neste estudo que além das características morfológicas e ecológicas , aquelas ligadas á sociedade e cultura também são utilizadas nos sistemas de classificações dos mamíferos pelas comunidades humanas do Parque Nacional da Quiçama.
Nova Pesquisa Sobre as Coleções de Richard Spruce na Amazônia: uma Colaboração Brasil - Reino Unido
Authors: Kruel Viviane Fonseca , Martins Luciana , Nesbitt Mark , Milliken William , Coelho-Ferreira Márlia
Published: June 2021

The Northwest Amazon comprises a large region of equatorial forest on the border of Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, which has been inhabited by indigenous peoples since the pre-colonial period. Today they occupy 80% of its area. Travellers such as Richard Spruce, who visited the region in the 1850s-1860s, described the vitality and dynamics of these populations, demonstrated by the size of their longhouses, their extensive inter-communal ceremonies, and their rich material culture. The biocultural objects and associated information collected by Richard Spruce constitute a unique point of reference for the useful plants, ethnobotany, anthropology and environmental history of the region. Housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the British Museum, both in London, this under-researched collection incorporates indigenous plant-based artefacts, samples of useful plant products, detailed archival notes on the use of plants by inhabitants of the Amazon, and accompanying herbarium voucher collections. This paper focusses on an ongoing research programme aimed at building capacity in Brazil to research, cataloguing and mobilising data from these biocultural collections, and developing these important resources for improved understanding of the useful and cultural properties of plants. It aims to build collaborative relationships, making biocultural collections and associated data freely accessible online, and above all to strengthen capacity of indigenous communities on the Rio Negro for autonomous research into material culture and plant use. We present the activities we have developed in the first two years of the programme. Workshops at Kew, Rio de Janeiro and São Gabriel da Cachoeira have enabled the Spruce collections to be fully digitised and artefacts made available through the Reflora portal (reflora.jbrj.gov. br). Training has been given in collection and study of biocultural objects, both to museum staff and representatives of indigenous communities, and a research agenda developed that focuses on better understanding of the shifting relationships between people and natural resources over the last 200 years. We discuss how a broad collaboration has led to constructive, culturally appropriate engagement with local communities, providing a portal into the world of scientific knowledge and helping to mobilise both scientific and indigenous knowledge in a mutually beneficial manner.
A Queda do Céu: uma Escatologia Ameríndia
Authors: Marques José Geraldo W.
Published: June 2021

Resenha crítica do livro:KOPENAWA, Davi; ALLBERT, Bruce. A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã Yanomami. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras;2015. 730p
CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE OS INSETOS NA LITERATURA DE CORDEL: ESTREITANDO OS LAÇOS ENTRE O CULTURAL E O CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Eduardo-Santos Anderson , Santos Jean Carlos
Published: June 2021

Apesar de sua grande importância científica, econômica e epidemiológica, a maioria dos insetos é vista sob uma perspectiva especista, na qual o valor desses animais é medido pelos benefícios ou prejuízos que causam aos humanos. Sabendo disso, o presente estudo teve como principais objetivos analisar as concepções sobre insetos de poetas populares em folhetos de cordéis e avaliar o potencial didático dos folhetos para conteúdos relacionados aos insetos. Para tanto, foi selecionado um corpus de cordéis disponíveis no acervo online da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa. Os resultados aqui encontrados demonstram que a ideia de insetos como algo negativo é compartilhada nos folhetos. No entanto, a própria Literatura de Cordel apresenta-se como uma boa alternativa para mudar esse quadro, pois os folhetos também trazem o conhecimento etnobiológico dos autores que pode fazer a aproximação entre cultura e ciência, além de servir como fonte de informação sobre o grupo.
CONHECIMENTO POPULAR DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO THOMÉ DAS LETRAS, MG
Authors: Ferreira-Lopes Renata De Melo , Freitas Valéria Lúcia de Oliveira , Maia-Barbosa Paulina Maria
Published: June 2021

Estudos etnobotânicos podem subsidiar projetos de bioprospecção e conservação de plantas nativas com propriedades medicinais, pois, através da utilização dos recursos vegetais como medicamentos, a própria população pode tornar efetiva a sua proteção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o conhecimento popular de moradores de São Thomé das Letras, MG, na bacia do Alto Rio Grande, sobre as espécies vegetais medicinais nativas da região. O público-alvo para o levantamento etnobotânico foram moradores da área urbana e rural do município e de seu entorno, que detêm algum conhecimento especial a respeito de plantas medicinais nativas da região. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 20 informantes e turnês guiadas com seis deles, em Cerrado sentido restrito, Cerrado Rupestre, campos, fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual e beiras de estrada, além de quintais com espécies nativas cultivadas. Ao todo foram citadas 87 espécies, pertencentes a 46 famílias botânicas. Fabaceae e Asteraceae foram as famílias com o maior número de espécies citadas. As categorias de doenças com maior representatividade foram doenças da pele (20%), transtornos do sistema genito-urinário (17%) e transtornos do sistema respiratório (14%). As espécies que tiveram os mesmos usos mencionados por 10 ou mais informantes foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) Croton antisyphiliticus (curraleira, pé-de-perdiz) Vernonia polyanthes (assa-peixe), Leonurus sibiricus (isope), Rudgea viburnoides (douradinha-do-mato), Palicourea rigida (douradinha), Jacaranda decurrens (carobinha), Dorstenia brasiliensis (carapiá) e Lychnophora pinaster (arnica). Os dados gerados por esta pesquisa poderão orientar propostas de comercialização, pelos próprios moradores de São Thomé das Letras, de produtos medicinais oriundos de sua flora nativa, constituiriam uma alternativa econômica para o município e diminuiria a pressão de coleta sobre as plantas em seu hábitat natural.
QUE PLANTA TE IMPORTA? UM RELATO DE CASO SOBRE O SIGNIFICADO DAS PLANTAS PARA AS PESSOAS
Authors: Porto Ana Boeira , Bittencourt Valmir Luiz , Silveira Filipe Ferreira da , Miranda Tatiana Mota
Published: June 2021

Apresentamos neste trabalho um relato de caso sobre a análise de uma pesquisa exploratória desenvolvida no contexto de uma disciplina de Etnobotânica inserida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo do relato é instigar e discutir a relação existente entre seres humanos e plantas, a partir da investigação narrativa dos sujeitos. Partindo da perspectiva etnobotânica, apoiados nos estudos das interações simbólicas e culturais que esta ciência proporciona, analisamos as respostas de um grupo de 30 pessoas à seguinte pergunta: “qual a primeira planta que vem à tua cabeça quando te pergunto: me diz uma planta importante para ti e por quê?”. As espécies citadas foram classificadas em nativas ou exóticas. As justificativas dadas pelos entrevistados para a escolha das espécies citadas apresentaram um padrão que categorizamos em: Afetivo, Espiritual, Ecológico e Utilitário. O valor Utilitário dominou as respostas, seguido do valor Afetivo. As plantas apresentaram significados únicos para cada sujeito analisado e, por vezes, esses significados e justificativas para suas escolhas os conectam profundamente com seu senso de identidade. Conceitos como memória botânica e cegueira botânica estão envolvidos na compreensão acerca das percepções desses sujeitos com relação às plantas citadas. Apenas 7,7% das espécies citadas são nativas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O baixo número de espécies nativas citadas é visto por nós como um resultado histórico e cultural.
O USO DE PLANTAS ABORTIVAS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Nunes Andreia Magnólia Marques , Silva Valdeline Atanazio
Published: June 2021

O uso de plantas para fins abortivos é frequente no Brasil, embora seja prática proibida por lei. O presente trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as espécies registradas como abortivas no nordeste brasileiro. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizou-se um levantamento de artigos sobre o tema e utilizou-se como palavras-chave os seguintes termos: “plantas abortivas”, abortivas, aborto. Foram pesquisados trabalhos sobre etnobotânica, produções que tratavam sobre aborto, bem como o uso de plantas para este fim. Após a seleção dos artigos, dados de 35 trabalhos foram usados nesta revisão. O conhecimento sobre o uso dessas espécies é oriundo de benzedeiros, feirantes, donas de casa, estudantes e gestantes, com idade variando entre 13 e 96 anos. As motivações citadas para a prática do aborto foram: presença de outros filhos, ausência de companheiros, financeiro e questões religiosas, embora as religiões comentadas, evangélica e católica, condenem a prática. De um total de 79 plantas, as mais apontadas foram: Luffa operculata e Coutarea hexandra (citada oito vezes), Aspidosperma pyrifolium (citada seis vezes), Manihot cf. dichotoma e Peumus boldus (citada cinco vezes) e, Anadenanthera colubrina (citada quatro vezes). De modo geral, as mulheres utilizam as plantas sem o entendimento que, embora sejam naturais, apresentam propriedades que podem levar à morte, tanto que algumas usam tais espécies sem o objetivo de abortar, mas para diminuir ansiedade e combater desconfortos digestivos, desconsiderando suas contraindicações de uso. Algumas delas citaram, ainda, a utilização de artifícios na prática de “aborto” sem que estivessem de fato grávidas. Sendo assim, é importante que campanhas sejam realizadas para maior compreensão sobre o uso de plantas medicinais e seus efeitos colaterais, seja para grávidas, seja para a população em geral.
Quality of Value Added Goat Meat Spread Enriched with Honey
Authors: Raziuddin M. , Babu R. Narendra , Rao V. Appa , Ramesh S. , Karunakaran R.
Published: June 2021

Background: Honey is largely used on a small scale as well as at an industrial level in beverages, baked products, confectionaries, candies, marmalades, jams and spreads. The nutritional value of honey is very high and it is highly acceptable by the consumers due to its characteristic flavour, sweetness and texture. Hence, a study was conducted to improve the quality of value added goat meat spread enriched with honey. Methods: Honey at different levels viz. 0, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0% was incorporated in the value added goat meat spread for which instrumental colour, physico-chemical properties and sensory quality analysis was carried out. Result: Redness (a*) score increased significantly (p less than 0.01) high in goat meat spread after incorporation of honey but in the lightness and yellowness score there was a non significant (p greater than 0.05) increase noticed. There was no significant effect on hue and chroma due to incorporation of honey in goat meat spread. Cooking yield and spreadability were highly significant (p less than 0.01) and they increased with the increasing levels of honey as compared to control whereas, pH was decreased non significantly (p greater than 0.05). Moisture content of meat spread decreased significantly (P less than 0.05), whereas protein content increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with the increasing levels of honey. Sensory qualities in respect to appearance, flavor, spreadability, texture, after taste, adhesive ability and overall acceptability score were found to be significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in 3% incorporated honey as compared to control, 1% and 5%. On the basis of all the above observations it was concluded that 3% incorporation of honey improved the quality of goat meat spread.
Demanding Power: Contentious Politics and Electricity in Pakistan
Authors: Javed Umair , Hussain Aiza , Aziz Hassan
Published: June 2021

This paper explores Pakistan’s electricity supply crisis that lasted from 2007 to 2015, and the ensuing contention that shaped public discourse and political events in the country. During this period, which witnessed electricity outages of up to 14 hours per day, 456 incidents of contention took place, with just under 20 per cent escalating into some form of violence. Electricity became the number one political issue in the country and was integral in shaping the outcomes of the 2013 General Election. Following the election, public authorities undertook extensive investment to expand capacity and ensure consistency in supply while evading questions about affordability and sustainability. On the surface, this appears to be a case of extensive protest working towards shaping state responsiveness. And it is true that the state now sees supply as a non-negotiable aspect in the social contract with citizens. However, a range of factors contributed to the chronology and the selective, generation-focused nature of this response. On the other hand, citizen inclusion and participation in decision-making, and issues of affordability and sustainability, which impact vulnerable and disempowered groups the most, remain absent from the political and policy conversation around energy. This suggests that while protests were useful in generating a short-term response, their long-term legacy in empowerment related outcomes is less visible.
Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021
Authors: Tulloch Olivia , Roldan de Jong Tamara , Bardosh Kevin
Published: June 2021

Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
Techniques for identifying new animal feed ingredients and additives
Authors:   Institute of Global Food Security – Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Ortuño Jordi , Stratakos Alexandros Ch. ,   Centre for Research in Biosciences – University of the West of England, UK, Theodoridou Katerina ,   Institute of Global Food Security – Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Published: June 2021

The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and additives. It discusses techniques to evaluate feed nutritional value, including chemical composition and nutrient digestibility. The chapter reviews different in vitro methods for feed evaluation systems as well as assessment of nutrient molecular structure. The chapter also discusses analysis of feed bioactive compounds and their functionality. The chapter concludes with a case study on seaweeds as a potential novel feed for livestock.
Effect of processing techniques on the quality of animal feed
Authors:   Dennis Forte & Associates Pty Ltd, Australia, Forte Dennis
Published: June 2021

The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate how the manipulation of extrusion processing parameters such as specific mechanical energy (SME) can directly influence the nutritional value of a given formulation component such as starch in a dry animal feed formulation.
Processing techniques to optimize digestibility and nutritional value of animal feed
Authors:   Kansas State University, USA, Stark Charles
Published: June 2021

This chapter reviews the effects of feed manufacturing processes on the nutritional value of feed. It discusses the effects of particle size reduction and pelleting on feed digestibility and the overall performance of pigs/swine and broiler chickens.
Developments in techniques to test the efficacy of animal feed products
Authors:   Institute of Animal Nutrition - Friedrich-Loeffler- Institut (FLI), Germany, Flachowsky Gerhard , Meyer Ulrich ,   Institute of Animal Nutrition - Friedrich-Loeffler- Institut (FLI), Germany
Published: June 2021

Various animal feed products may influence animal health, conversion of animal feed into food of animal origin and the emissions caused by animals. All these matters are regulated in the directives of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This chapter first discusses EFSA guidance on how to compile dossiers for feed additives. The chapter then discusses key issues and steps in demonstrating the efficacy of new animal feed products: reduction of nitrogen (N) excretion, reduction of feed contamination of by mycotoxins and, finally, reduction of methane emissions with feed additives. Key steps, such as the use of in vitro and in vivo studies, to test the effects of feed additives are discussed in detail.
Advances in understanding key contamination risks in animal feed: mycotoxins
Authors:   University of Milan, Italy, Pinotti Luciano , Ferrari Luca ,   University of Milan, Italy, Rovere Nicoletta ,   University of Milan, Italy, Fumagalli Francesca ,   University of Milan, Italy, Mazzoleni Sharon ,   University of Milan, Italy, Cheli Federica ,   University of Milan, Italy
Published: June 2021

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Over 400 mycotoxins have been identified, most notably aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxins. These low molecular weight compounds are naturally occurring and (seem to be) unavoidable. In fact, a high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. Mycotoxins accumulate in corn, cereals, soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, and other food and feed crops, directly in the field or during the transportation, processing or storage stages. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food or feed can lead acute or chronic toxicity in humans and animals, as well as crop losses. This chapter reviews the toxicity of the six mycotoxins, the foods they commonly contaminate, and the current methods used to detect and control of these mycotoxins.
Risk management systems for prevention and control of contaminants in animal feed
Authors:   Schothorst Feed Research, The Netherlands, Santos Regiane R.
Published: June 2021

Feed safety remains an issue for both the health of livestock and as a prerequisite for food safety. Risk assessment plays a role in identifying and determining potential risks of contaminants. When contaminants limits are defined, risk management systems can be designed for prevention and control. Finally, risk communication covers the technical information shared between governments, academia, the different players involved in feed production, and the public. This chapter focuses on management systems used to prevent and control contaminants in animal feed. A brief introduction to feed contaminants and new feed ingredients is given, followed by a description of the main risk management systems applied in Europe and the US.
The Heroic Archetypes and the Reinvention of Aswang Character in Segundo Matias’ Moymoy Lulumboy Ang Batang Aswang
Authors: Illana Mary Ann Alcantara
Published: June 2021

Marginalized and queer heroes are being recognized in the resurgence of various types of characters in contemporary hero narratives. In challenging the normative conventions, there are heroic values in the ambiguous presentation of their character which are revived and valorized based on the heroic archetypes presented in the story. Given this, how do we reconcile the normative conventions of hero attributed to queer and deviant representation of his character and heroic deeds? This paper analyzes the contemporary work of Segundo Matias' Moymoy Lulumboy: Ang Batang Aswang. Patterned from Joseph Campbell's normative structure of hero's journey, which models the representation of various nature of character heroes and their established heroic archetypes, this study revealed that a category of heroic deviant exists in portraying character hero in the revival of Aswang lore in contemporary urban legend. Furthermore, this paper affirms that the resurrection of the archetypal pattern and the marginal presentation of the hero and his journey present a re-inscripted image of Aswang from a "rigidly static" to a semi-heroic ascension.
Análise sobre a regulamentação do profissional do setor de tecnologia da informação e comunicação no Brasil
Authors: Silveira Antonio Claudio Jorge da , Tonini Adriana Maria
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo é parte de um estudo, todavia em andamento no PPGET – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Tecnológica do CEFET-MG, sob Área de Concentração e Linha de pesquisa: Processos Formativos em Educação Tecnológica. Objetiva-se trazer uma análise acerca do debate sobre a regulamentação profissional no setor da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação no Brasil, a qual traz implicações diretas na inserção do egresso dos cursos do segmento digital no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, por meio de uma perspectiva qualitativa, a investigação foi realizada a partir de um levantamento documental e bibliográfico sobre as propostas apresentadas em forma de Projeto de Lei (PL) à Câmara Federal dos Deputados e ao Senado Federal. Além disso, foram consultados artigos e teses que trataram da temática nos últimos 20 anos, a partir do banco de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), bem como levou-se em consideração o posicionamento de algumas empresas e órgãos do segmento de TIC no Brasil, como o Sindicado das Empresas de Processamento de Dados (SINDPD), a Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Tecnologia da Informação (ASSESPRO) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC). Com efeito, a análise evidencia que, nas últimas quatro décadas, houve um amadurecimento em torno das discussões sobre a regulamentação profissional do segmento de TIC no Brasil, todavia, percebe-se que o setor ainda está submisso às exigências corporativas de órgãos legislativos brasileiros, fato que compromete sua plena normatização profissional e, consequentemente, a emancipação jurídica dos profissionais da área.
O MOBRAL no Pontal de Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Sauloéber Társio de
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo aborda a história do MOBRAL (Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização) no município de Ituiutaba-MG no período entre 1970 e 1985. Este projeto surgiu no contexto da Ditadura Civil-Militar pela Lei 5.379/1967 que propunha a alfabetização funcional a jovens e adultos. Iniciou suas atividades em 1970 com uma ampla divulgação e mobilização pela imprensa falada e escrita. O programa objetivava atingir todo o território nacional tendo como principal meta erradicar o analfabetismo, propondo-se um prazo de 10 anos para tal finalidade. A pesquisa aborda uma pequena parte dessa história no interior de Minas Gerais, observando-se seu processo de implantação e alguns dos seus resultados, utilizando como fonte a história oral junto aos atores sociais envolvidos (profissionais e alunos), fontes documentais como jornais da região e legislação do período. O MOBRAL em Ituiutaba revela semelhanças com o cenário nacional, ou seja, a cargo da sociedade civil com respaldo da Igreja Católica e apoiada pela prefeitura municipal deu organicidade a suas ações, dentro da lógica autoritária daquele momento. Foi um programa marcado pelo improviso, cujos professores não tinham formação além da ginasial, e atuavam a partir de breve treinamento, sendo suficiente apenas ter tido bom desempenho escolar. Consideramos que o MOBRAL foi mais um veículo utilizado pela Ditadura Civil-Militar com o intuito da formação da mão de obra com rudimentos da leitura e da escrita, além de gerar eleitores que poderiam por meio do voto, legitimar as ações autoritárias do governo. Assim, os resultados obtidos foram bastante limitados também em cidades do interior, distantes dos grandes centros de poder.
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Are Detectable in Saliva
Authors: Ketas Thomas J. , Chaturbhuj Devidas , Cruz Portillo Victor M. , Francomano Erik , Golden Encouse , Chandrasekhar Sharanya , Debnath Gargi , Diaz-Tapia Randy , Yasmeen Anila , Kramer Kyle D. , Munawar Tarek , Leconet Wilhem , Zhao Zhen , Brouwer Philip J.M. , Cushing Melissa M. , Sanders Rogier W. , Cupo Albert , Klasse P.J. , Formenti Silvia C. , Moore John P.
Published: June 2021

The approved Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are well known to induce serum antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-protein. However, their abilities to elicit mucosal immune responses have not been reported. Saliva antibodies represent mucosal responses that may be relevant to how mRNA vaccines prevent oral and nasal SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we describe the outcome of a cross-sectional study on a healthcare worker cohort (WELCOME-NYPH), in which we assessed whether IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the S-protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were present in serum and saliva samples. Anti-S-protein IgG was detected in 14/31 and 66/66 of saliva samples from uninfected participants after vaccine doses-1 and -2, respectively. IgA antibodies to the S-protein were present in 40/66 saliva samples after dose 2. Anti-S-protein IgG was present in every serum sample from recipients of 2 vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the RBD were also frequently present in saliva and sera. These findings may help our understanding of whether and how vaccines may impede SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including to oral cavity target cells.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja yang Dirumahkan Akibat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Putra Ananda Chrismond Endika
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe problem that becomes an obstacle is the imbalance of employment opportunities for workers, welfare and protection of workers. Problems related to the welfare and protection of workers include the minimum wage that is still needed. Currently the Covid-19 Pandemic has had quite a number of workers who have changed their habit of office activities by working at home or at home. During the Covid-19 pandemic, workers or workers have the right to protection for safety and health in doing work. Protection of workers can be carried out, by providing guidance, as well as by increasing recognition of human rights, physical protection and technical, social and economic protection. There are special rules regarding home workers in the Circular of the Minister of Manpower Number: SE-05 / M / BW / 1998 concerning Wages for Home Workers not towards termination of the relationship but the company still pays the full wage and can regulate but is obliged to negotiate with the union laborers / workers. Disputes over employee relations with the company can go wrong through the non-litigation and litigation channels.Keywords: Protection; Wages; Settlement.AbstrakDalam masalah yang menjadi hambatan yaitu tidak seimbangnya kesempatan kerja bagi pekerja, kesejahteraan dan perlindungan terhadap pekerja. Terkait permasalahan dalam kesejahteraan dan perlindungan terhadap pekerja antara lain upah minimum yang masih dibawah kebutuhan. Saat ini Pandemi Covid-19 cukup banyak para pekerja yang mengganti kebiasaan kegiatan ke kantor dengan bekerja di rumah atau dirumahkan. Saat pandemi covid-19 ini para pekerja ataupun buruh berhak mendapatkan perlindungan atas keselamatan dan kesehatan dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Perlindungan pekerja dapat dilakukan, dengan memberikan tuntunan, maupun dengan meningkatkan pengakuan hak-hak asasi manusia, perlindungan fisik dan perlindungan teknis sosial dan ekonomi. Terdapat Aturan khusus mengenai pekerja yang di rumahkan pada Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: SE-05/M/BW/1998 tentang Upah Pekerja yang Dirumahkan bukan kearah pemutusan hubungan namun perusahaan tetap membayar upah secara penuh dan dapat dikurangi namun wajib melakukan perundingan dengan serikat buruh/pekerja. Persoalan perselisihan hubungan pekerja dengan perusahaan dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur non-litigasi dan jalur litigasi. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan; Pengupahan; Penyelesaian.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Wisatawan di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Puspitadelia Annisa
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic affects many industrial sectors in Indonesia, particularly the tourism sector which has been supporting the growth of Indonesia’s economy. Reopening tourism sites during the pandemic surely has positive and negative sides. Tourism entrepreneurs can re-run their businesses and keep the wheels of the economy moving, but the risk that can occur to the health of visiting tourists is also higher. This legal research analyzes the rights and obligations of tourists as consumers and tourism entrepreneurs as producers and the legal relationship between the two, also the legal protection that is provided by Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection for tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19; Consumer Protection; Tourist.AbstrakPandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada banyak sektor industri di Indonesia, khususnya pada sektor pariwisata yang selama ini merupakan salah satu penunjang kemajuan perekonomian Indonesia. Dibukanya kembali destinasi-destinasi pariwisata selama pandemi berlangsung memiliki sisi positif dan negatif. Pengusaha pariwisata dapat kembali menjalankan usahanya dan menjaga roda perekonomian untuk tetap berputar, namun risiko kerugian kesehatan yang dapat terjadi terhadap wisatawan juga menjadi lebih tinggi. Penelitian hukum ini membahas mengenai hak dan kewajiban wisatawan sebagai konsumen dan pengusaha pariwisata sebagai pelaku usaha serta hubungan hukum yang terjalin diantara keduanya, perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen bagi wisatawan di masa pandemi COVID-19.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Perlindungan Konsumen; Wisatawan.
Keabsahan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Dengan Alasan Force Majeure Akibat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: A.W.P. Dhimas Elham Maulana
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmployment termination on the basis of Force Majeure can be applied by a company to relieve its contractual obligations performance as reffered to Article or Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower, particularly due to the Covid-19 Pandemic which has affected the financial condition of the company. The employment termination depends on the decline in company profitability triggered by reduce production and weakening public purchashing power. The issuance of the Presidential Decree No. 12of 2020 declaring th Covid-19 Pandemic as an a Non-Natural Disaster cause matters pertaining to the employement termination can be done legally by the company. Genuinly, the mandate of Manpower Law stipulates that the employment termintaion will cause complicated problem in the future, particularly on a large scale implementation. Therefore, alternative solution must be pursued in the good intention of the parties.Keywords: Termination of Employment; Force Majeure; Covid-19 Pandemic.AbstrakPHK (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja) dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan atau pemberi kerja diantaranya dengan alasan terjadinya Force Majeure, yang diakomodir oleh Undang-undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Tetapi pada kondisi praktik, ruang lingkup dari ketentuan Force Majeure acapkali digunakan untuk menghindarkan Perusahaan atau Pemberi kerja terhadap kewajibannya. Terlebih dimasa Pandemi Covid-19, diamana kondisi finansial perusahaan sedang tidak dalam kondisi yang stabil. Menurunnya pendapatan perusahaan, dipicu dari menurunnya produksi dan melemahnya daya beli masyarakat, menjadi alasan kuat PHK dilakukan. Ditetapkannya Pandemi Covid-19 sebagai Bencana Nonalam melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 12 Tahun 2020. Justru makin memperkuat dalil perusahaan atau pemberi kerja untuk melakukan PHK. Sejatinya amanat dari Undang-undang Ketenagakerjaan bahwa PHK merupakan langkah paling akhir setelah ditempuhnya upaya-upaya lain. Pertimbangan dari hal ini bahwa PHK akan menimbulkan permasalan pelik kemudian hari, terlebih jika dilakukan skala besar. Dengan ini lebih bijak jika jalan keluar lain diupayakan ditempuh dengan itikad baik para pihak.Kata Kunci: Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja; Force Majeure; Pandemi Covid-19.
Pengadaan Alat Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)
Authors: Putra Irfan Marzuqi Ridla
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly 2020, COVID-19 emerged in Indonesia and government declared it an emergency. So those efforts are needed to deal with COVID-19 by procuring medical devices through an emergency procurement mechanism. In procurement of medical devices, there are technical specifications that must be met, is distribution permits. Due to the limited number of medical devices used for COVID-19, Minister of Health provided relaxation in the form of releasing distribution permits, which were replaced with recommendations by BNPB. In this research, will discuss the emergency procurement procedures and BNPB's authority over the issuance of recommendations to replace distribution permits. The results of this legal research, emergency procurement in SE LKPP Number 3 of 2020 can be carried out through providers or self-management, the process starts from identifying needs to auditing. BNPB is given the authority to issue recommendations instead of a distribution permit that is valid until the emergency status is revoked.Keywords: Emergency Procurement; COVID-19; Medical Devices; Authority; Recommendations.AbstrakAwal 2020, COVID-19 muncul di Indonesia dan pemerintah menyatakannya sebagai keadaan darurat. Sehingga diperlukan upaya penanganan COVID-19 dengan pengadaan alat kesehatan melalui mekanisme pengadaan darurat. Dalam pengadaan alat kesehatan terdapat spesifikasi teknis yang harus dipenuhi yaitu izin edar. Mengingat keterbatasan alat kesehatan yang digunakan untuk COVID-19, Menteri Kesehatan memberikan relaksasi berupa pemberian izin edar, yang diganti dengan rekomendasi BNPB. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas prosedur pengadaan darurat dan kewenangan BNPB atas penerbitan rekomendasi penggantian izin edar. Hasil penelitian hukum ini, pengadaan darurat dalam SE LKPP Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 dapat dilakukan melalui penyedia atau swakelola, prosesnya dimulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan hingga audit. BNPB diberi kewenangan untuk mengeluarkan rekomendasi sebagai pengganti izin edar yang masih berlaku sampai status darurat dicabut.Kata Kunci: Pengadaan Darurat; COVID-19; Alat Kesehatan; Kewenangan; Rekomendasi.
Inhibiting NF-κB During Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Potential Role of Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Mardaneh Jalal , Nasirzadeh Amirreza , Bazeli Javad , Hajavi Jafar , Zahedi Mohammad , Abounoori Mahdi , Razavi Alireza , Maddah Mohammad Moein , Mortazavi Parham , Moradi Mohammad , Salehi Fatemeh , Heidarzadeh Siamak , Jafarzadeh Maivan Mohammad Hosein , Shoeibi Afshin , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: June 2021

Many inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 inhibits IFN antiviral responses, so we should expect an out-of-control viral replication. “Cytokine storms” occur due to the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after an influx of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and may be responsible for the immunopathology of the lung involvement. Several cascades have been reported in the activation process of NF-κB. In this paper, to find new therapeutic options for COVID-19 infection, we reviewed some natural products that could potentially inhibit the NF-κB pathway. We found that sevoflurane, quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, KIOM-C, bergenin, garcinia kola, shenfu, piperlongumine, wogonin, oroxylin, plantamajoside, naringin, ginseng, kaempferol, allium sativum L, illicium henryi, isoliquiritigenin, lianhua qingwen, magnoflorine, and ma Huang Tang might be effective in inhibiting the NF-KB pathway. These natural products could be helpful in the control of COVID-19 infections. However, larger clinical trials are needed to ascertain the efficacy of these products fully.
Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in COVID-19 Disease: From Molecular Pathway to Vaccine Administration
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Iervolino Adelaide , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh
Published: June 2021

The Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide. The advent of vaccines, however, has permitted some restitution. Aside from the respiratory complications of the infection, there is also a thrombotic risk attributed to both the disease alongside the vaccine. There are no reliable data for the risk of thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients managed out with the hospital setting. A literature review was performed to identify the pathophysiological mechanism of thrombosis from the SARS-CoV-2 infection including the role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme receptors. The impact of the vaccine and likely mechanisms from thrombosis following vaccination was also clarified. Finally, the utility of the vaccines available against the multiple variants is also highlighted. The systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still relatively poorly understood, but several risk factors have been identified. The roll-out of the vaccines worldwide has also allowed the lifting of lockdown measures and a reduction in the spread of the disease. The experience of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, has highlighted the crucial role of epidemiological research and the need for ongoing studies within this field.
Changes in Power Plant NOx Emissions over Northwest Greece Using a Data Assimilation Technique
Authors: Skoulidou Ioanna , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Segers Arjo , Manders Astrid , Balis Dimitris , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk
Published: June 2021

In this work, we investigate the ability of a data assimilation technique and space-borne observations to quantify and monitor changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions over North-Western Greece for the summers of 2018 and 2019. In this region, four lignite-burning power plants are located. The data assimilation technique, based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter method, is employed to combine space-borne atmospheric observations from the high spatial resolution Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and simulations using the LOTOS-EUROS Chemical Transport model. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service-Regional European emissions (CAMS-REG, version 4.2) inventory based on year 2015 is used as the a priori in the simulations. Surface measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from air quality stations operating in the region are compared with the model surface NO2 output using either the a priori (base run) or the a posteriori (assimilated run) NOx emissions. The high biases found between the in situ NO2 measurements and the base run surface NO2 decrease in the assimilated run in most cases. The bias in the station near the largest power plant decreases to 2.0 μg/m3 (2.83 μg/m3) from 10.5 μg/m3 (8.46 μg/m3) in 2019 (2018 respectively). Concerning the estimated annual a posteriori NOx emissions it was found that, for the pixels hosting the two largest power plants, the assimilated run results in emissions decreased by ~40-50% for 2018 compared to 2015, whereas a larger decrease, of ~70% for both power plants, was found for 2019, after assimilating the space-born observations. For the same power plants, the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) reports decreased emissions in 2018 and 2019 compared to 2015 (-35% and -38% in 2018, -62% and -72% in 2019), in good agreement with the estimated emissions. We further compare the a posteriori emissions to the reported energy production of the power plants during the summer of 2018 and 2019. Mean decreases of about -35% and-63% in NOx emissions are estimated for the two larger power plants in summer of 2018 and 2019, respectively, which are supported by similar decreases in the reported energy production of the power plants (~-30% and -70%, respectively).
Generalized Nonlinear Constitutive Law Applied to Steel Trapezoidal Sheet Plates
Authors: Staszak Natalia , Gajewski Tomasz , Garbowski Tomasz
Published: June 2021

In the paper, a modified nonlinear finite element method for analysis of trapezoidal plates geometrically reduced to shallow-shell Reissner-Mindlin formulation is presented. Due to the method proposed the complex plate cross-section and nonlinear materials may be modelled and no implementation of advanced constitutive law via user subroutines is needed. The generalized nonlinear constitutive law is used to update the stiffness of the plate element. The method enables modeling of complicated cross-sections, such as steel trapezoidal sheets, metal facing sandwich panels or reinforced concrete. Additionally, for those geometrically complex sections an advanced nonlinear material may be adopted. To verify the proposed method, a selected trapezoidal sheets were modeled in a commercial software as full 3D shell structures. By comparing displacements and forces, it was shown that both models behave almost identically, however, the simplified model has about 300-400 times less degrees of freedom, thus it is much more efficient.
Blockchain and Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: June 2021

In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.