bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos no resultado econômico ocasionados por abscessos em carcaças de bovinos em um abatedouro frigorífico no Portal da Amazônia
Authors: Godinho Jeferson da Costa , Anunciação Yasmin da Cruz , De Souza José Arilson , Porto Wellington Silva , Ramos Elder Gomes
Published: June 2023

A demanda mundial por carne vermelha vem aumentando ao decorrer dos anos, bem como a competitividade no mercado e exigência de qualidade por parte dos compradores. Por este motivo, faz-se imprescindível a inspeção sanitária em abatedouros frigoríficos, a fim de consolidar a garantia quanto à qualidade do alimento que chegará às mesas de diversas famílias. Durante esse processo, ao identificar qualquer anomalia visível na carcaça, sendo ela uma inflamação que contenha pus em sua cavidade, a mesma deverá ser removida. Convém ponderar que essa remoção acarreta prejuízos econômicos já que o frigorífico deixa de ganhar com essa carcaça. Com isto este trabalho terá como objetivo geral analisar os impactos econômicos provenientes dos desvios para a remoção de abscessos em carcaças de bovinos. O método de apuração de dados foi através dos levantamentos dos desvios mensais entre os anos de 2019 e 2022 considerando uma unidade frigorífica situada na região do Portal da Amazônia. Onde foram traçados perfis das carcaças desviadas como sexo, idade, procedência, sistema de terminação e partes afetadas, afim de assim mensurar os impactos econômicos dos desvios para a pecuária de corte.
As contribuições do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de música para a formação dos Jovens dos Assentamentos Tiracanga e Todos Os Santos – Canindé-CE
Authors: Santos Fábio Costa , Colares Getuliana Sousa , Santos Adriana Souza Colares , Lessa Mirna Maria Felix de Lima , Leite Pedro Ricardo Carvalho , Albuquerque Luiz Botelho , Moreno João Paulo Rocha Façanha , Rogério Pedro
Published: June 2023

O trabalho em questão relata a experiência vivenciada através da elaboração e execução de um projeto de pesquisa realizado nos Assentamentos Tiracanga e Todos os Santos, localizados na zona rural do Município de Canindé – Ceará e trabalhado com camponeses que residem nessas comunidades. Tem como tema: As Contribuições do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem de Música para a Formação dos Jovens dos Assentamentos Tiracanga e Todos Os Santos. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar quais as contribuições que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em música deixou para a formação dos jovens das comunidades pesquisadas. O aporte teórico da pesquisa baseia-se nos escritos de Gimonet (1999), Mateiro e Ilari (2012) Medeiros (2011), Camacho (2011) e Bastian (2009). A abordagem do estudo é a qualitativa, a metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foram o levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisas de campo e entrevistas. Concluiu-se que as oficinas de música possibilitaram além do aprendizado de um instrumento musical e as habilidades técnicas, uma valorização e a integração das gerações, e que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em música pode ajudar na aquisição de valores como sensibilidade, responsabilidade, disciplina e senso crítico que contribuirão para a melhoria do futuro dos jovens.
Simultaneous optimization response surface experiments with several response variables
Authors: De Santana Larissa Barbosa , Rodrigues Vinícius Fernandes , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza
Published: June 2023

A problem facing the product development community is developing simultaneous solutions of response variables (to several properties) that depends on a number of independent variables or sets of responses. Harrington, among others, addressed this problem and presented a desirability function with a functional approach. Derringer and Suich altered their approach and illustrated how multiple variables can be transformed into a convenience function. This work redid the calculation performed by them using another software and made a comparative discussion of the results found.
Health Insurance Cost Prediction Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Samiuddin Md. , Rajender G. , Varma K. Sai Abhiram , Kumar A. Ravi , Shaik Subhani
Published: June 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) are strategies for making human being’s lives simpler in the healthcare enterprise through predicting and identifying ailments more fast than the general public of scientific specialists. There may be an immediate connection between the insurance organization and the policyholder while technology reduces the distance between them to zero in particular with digital medical insurance. In preference to commonplace protection, simulated intelligence and profound mastering have meaningfully impacted the way in which guarantors build health care coverage designs and empowered customers to hastily get benefits greater. With a view to provide clients with accurate, spark off, and effective medical health insurance, insurance companies use DL. Medical health insurance quotes have been expected the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) and a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm on this take a look at. Based on the traits of the individuals, the author envisioned how a good deal medical insurance might price. Age, gender, body mass index, the range of kids, smoking behavior, and place had been all used to train and examine an artificial neural network model.
Effect of Addition of Whey Protein Concentrate and Skim Milk Powder on Shelf Life of Chicken Meatballs during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Kamble Dipali B. , Rindhe Sandeep N. , Londhe Sanjay V. , Munde Vitthal K.
Published: June 2023

The aim of study to assess the shelf life of chicken meatballs made with or without incorporation of whey protein concentrate and skim milk powder at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C). During storage of chicken meatballs the moisture, protein and fat declined significantly while pH, TBA, Tyrosine values increased significantly. The sensory scores for all the attributes declined with the progress of storage but all the products were acceptable up to 20th day of storage. Similarly, the total plate count, psychrophilic count and staphylococcal count increased significantly during 20 days storage but were within the spoilage limit. It is concluded that that the product could be safely stored for 20 days at refrigeration temperature without adversely affecting the sensory and physico-chemical characteristics.
Detection and Comparison of RAPD & SSR Primers in Genetic Diversity of Ocimum sanctum
Authors: Sutar S. R. , Surbhaiyya S. D. , Dhumale D. R. , Kasar V. B. , Bhole A. P. , Kulkarni V. R.
Published: June 2023

Aims: To Analysis of genetic variability in Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) genotypes by using RAPD & SSR Markers.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Biotechnology at K.K.Wagh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Nashik.

Methodology: Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn., commonly known as Tulsi, is an aromatic plant with significant traditional and medicinal value. To assess the genetic diversity and relatedness of six Tulsi genotypes (Krishna, Ram, Lavangi, Pandharpuri, Daisil, and Kapoori), molecular techniques were employed. The genotypes were collected from Nagarjuna Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Park at Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola. DNA isolation was performed using alcohol fixation without liquid nitrogen, and the genotypes were analyzed using RAPD and SSR primers for molecular characterization.

Results: Genetic diversity analysis of six Tulsi genotypes (Krishna, Ram, Lavangi, Pandharpuri, Daisil, and Kapoori) was performed using RAPD and SSR markers. Five RAPD primers produced 15 bands, with 11 bands showing polymorphism (73.3%) and 4 bands showing monomorphism (26.7%). The PIC value ranged from 0.28 to 0.49 (average: 0.40). Four SSR primers generated 9 bands, with 8 bands showing polymorphism and 1 band showing monomorphism. The PIC value ranged from 0.24 to 0.57 (average: 0.39). The Jaccard coefficient revealed moderate to high similarity in RAPD (0.40 to 0.73) and SSR (0.44 to 0.88) analyses. The UPGMA dendrogram separated the genotypes into two main clusters. Cluster 1 included Krishna, Lavangi, Ram, Pandharpuri, and Daisil Tulsi, while cluster 2 consisted of Kapoori Tulsi. The SSR dendrogram also formed two clusters, with Krishna, Lavangi, Ram, Daisil, and Kapoori genotypes in cluster 1, and Pandharpuri Tulsi showing dissimilarity and forming cluster 2.
An Economic Analysis of Production of Rainfed and Irrigated Maize in Ariyalur District of Tamil Nadu in India
Authors: Inbathamizhan M. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Maize is the most important cereal and it is mostly used as grain, feed, fodder, and industrial products. In the present study, an attempt was made to calculate the cost of cultivation and to evaluate the of maize conducted in Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu. Totally 98 respondents were purposively selected and interviewed from the district to examine the cost and returns of maize among the farmers in the study area. The data was gathered in the form of pre-structured interview schedule. Random sampling technique was adopted for selection of respondents. The study shows cost and returns of rainfed maize and irrigated maize cultivation per hectare and benefit cost ratio in different farm size groups. The total cost of cultivation of rainfed maize was identified as Rs.58338.54 for marginal farmers with benefit cost ratio 1.03, Rs.56301.69 for small farmers with benefit cost ratio 1.08 and Rs.54090.75 for semi-medium farmers with benefit cost ratio 1.15. The total cost of cultivation of irrigated maize was identified as Rs.94442.74 with benefit cost ratio 1.35 for marginal farmers, Rs.92473.29 with benefit cost ratio 1.38 for small farmers and Rs.91857.83 with benefit cost ratio 1.43 for semi-medium farmers. Those cost of cultivation includes all the expenses like, plant protection chemicals, land preparation, harvesting and other intercultural operations. This study clearly shows cost of cultivation decrease with increase in farm size.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Management and Planting Technique on Yield of Maize
Authors: Mathur Anisha , Sood Shivangi , Kumar Rakesh , Rathore Sonali
Published: June 2023

The experiment was set up at the Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture's experimental farm chhapang at the Eternal University in Baru Sahib during 2019–20 to assess the impact of organic and inorganic nitrogen management and planting technique on maize yield. The experiment was designed as a split plot with a total of three replications of each of the two main plot treatments, Flat bed and Raised bed, and five sub plot treatments, 100% IO, 100% FYM, 50% IO + 50% FYM, 75% IO + 25% FYM, and 100% IO + 25% FYM. The observations were made at 25, 50, and 75 days following sowing. According to the results, treatment T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) produced the highest levels of cobs per plant, cob diameter, cob number of grains per cob, cob weight per plant, cob length, test weight, index of harvest, yield of grain, and straw yield. Therefore, combining organic and inorganic inputs in T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) with raised beds led to high maize yield performance. For sustainable maize development, the mixture of Raised bed with 50% IO + 50% FYM might be advised.
Influence of Plant Density vis-à-vis Architecture on Growth Parameters Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Reddy K. Venkatkiran , Akula Baby , Reddy K. Indudhar , Madhavi A. , Supriya K. , Bharath T.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment entitled “Influence of plant density vis-à-vis architecture on Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and quality parameters” was carried out on sandy loam soil at College farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that plant densities, plants sown under planting density of 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1) recorded highest growth contributing characters such as plant height, dry matter production, first fruiting node length, internode length and height node ratio. Planting density of 90 x 30 cm (37,037 plants ha-1) has recorded significantly higher number of sympodial branches and no of nodes per plant during 2021 and 2022 and pooled mean. Length of fruiting branches from node 5 to 15, length of fruiting branches from node 15 to terminal, length of all fruiting branches, distance from main stem to first boll position from node 5 to 15, distance from main stem to first boll position from node 15 to terminal, distance from main stem to first boll position of all fruiting branches, internode diameter, days to initiation of sympodial branches, days to square initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to boll formation, days to boll bursting stage were found to be highest in plants spaced at 90 x 60 cm (18,518 plants ha-1) during two years of study and pooled mean. Interaction was found to be significant on drymatter production at 120 DAS and found highest in treatment combination of semi open plant type (Sadanand) and 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1) during 2021 and 2022 and pooled mean. Number of monopodial branches and days to initiation of monopodial branches were showed non-significant results.
In vitro Screening of Different Rhizobacterial Strains against Egg Hatching of Rice Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Shweta  , Kmuar Anil , Kumar Vinod , Banakar Prakash
Published: June 2023

Meloidogyne graminicola is an economic yield loss causing major pest of rice globally. For managing this pest, biological control practices act as an alternate strategy, as it is the most effective and economic. Plant growth promoting rhizospheric bacteria (PGPR) are most significant because they benefit plants both directly and indirectly by enhancing plant growth and provides long lasting antagonistic effects against plant parasitic nematodes. Considering this an in vitro efficacy research experiment of nematoxicity of native rhizobacterial strains was conducted, against egg hatching of M. graminicola at S/2 and S/4 concentration levels of intact bacterial culture and cell free culture filtrates (CFCs). The hatching behavior of rice root-knot nematode eggs was observed on alternate days for ten days which resulted in inhibition of egg hatching by all bacterial cultures at both concentration levels. When compared to the untreated control, Bacillus spp. showed the most egg inhibition in the S/2 concentration of both culture filtrates i.e,86.8% and 84.8%. Similarly, in the S/4 level of concentration, most egg hating such as 83.7% and 79.8% was recorded in Bacillus spp. culture filtrates. The rate of hatching was inversely proportional to the concentration of strains at exposure time, decreasing as the concentration increased. The results of the experiment revealed the potential of rhizospheric bacteria which makes it more feasible and environmentally safe approach for the management of Meloidogyne graminicola.
JYNNEOS Vaccine for Mpox
Authors: Desai Angel N. , Malani Preeti N.
Published: June 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the eligibility, safety and effectiveness, and administration procedure for the JYNNEOS vaccine for mpox infection.
A highly active S1‐P1 nuclease from the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia cleaves c‐di‐GMP
Authors: Husťáková Blanka , Trundová Mária , Adámková Kristýna , Kovaľ Tomáš , Dušková Jarmila , Dohnálek Jan
Published: June 2023

A number of multidrug‐resistant bacterial pathogens code for S1‐P1 nucleases with a poorly understood role. We have characterized a recombinant form of S1‐P1 nuclease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic pathogen. S. maltophilia nuclease 1 (SmNuc1) acts predominantly as an RNase and is active in a wide range of temperatures and pH. It retains a notable level of activity towards RNA and ssDNA at pH 5 and 9 and about 10% of activity towards RNA at 10 °C. SmNuc1 with very high catalytic rates outperforms S1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae and other similar nucleases on all types of substrates. SmNuc1 degrades second messenger c‐di‐GMP, which has potential implications for its role in the pathogenicity of S. maltophilia.
How much rotational error is clinically acceptable for single‐isocenter/two‐lesion lung SBRT treatment on halcyon ring delivery system (RDS)?
Authors: Pokhrel Damodar , Mallory Richard , Bernard Mark E. , Kudrimoti Mahesh
Published: June 2023

Purpose

SBRT treatment of two separate lung lesions via single‐isocenter/multi‐target (SIMT) plan on Halcyon RDS could improve patient comfort, compliance, patient throughput, and clinic efficiency. However, aligning two separate lung lesions synchronously via a single pre‐treatment CBCT scan on Halcyon can be difficult due to rotational patient setup errors. Thus, to quantify the dosimetric impact, we simulated loss of target(s) coverage due to small, yet clinically observable rotational patient setup errors on Halcyon for SIMT treatments.

Methods

Seventeen previously treated 4D‐CT based SIMT lung SBRT patients with two separate lesions (total 34 lesions, 50 Gy in five fractions to each lesion) on TrueBeam (6MV‐FFF) were re‐planned on Halcyon (6MV‐FFF) using a similar arc geometry (except couch rotation), dose engine (AcurosXB algorithm), and treatment planning objectives. Rotational patient setup errors of [± 0.5⁰ to ± 3.0⁰] on Halcyon were simulated via Velocity registration software in all three rotation axes and recalculated dose distributions in Eclipse treatment planning system. Dosimetric impact of rotational errors was evaluated for target coverage and organs at risk (OAR).

Results

Average PTV volume and distance to isocenter were 23.7 cc and 6.1 cm. Average change in Paddick's conformity indexes were less than −5%, −10%, and −15% for 1°, 2°, and 3°, respectively for yaw, roll, and pitch rotation directions. Maximum drop off of PTV(D100%) coverage for 2° rotation was −2.0% (yaw), −2.2% (roll), and −2.5% (pitch). With ±1° rotational error, no PTV(D100%) loss was found. Due to anatomical complexity: irregular and highly variable tumor sizes and locations, highly heterogenous dose distribution, and steep dose gradient, no trend for loss of target(s) coverage as a function of distance to isocenter and PTV size was found. Change in maximum dose to OAR were acceptable per NRG‐BR001 within ±1.0° rotation, but were up to 5 Gy higher to heart with 2° in the pitch rotation axis.

Conclusion

Our clinically realistic simulation results show that rotational patient setup errors up to 1.0° in any rotation axis could be acceptable for selected two separate lung lesions SBRT patients on Halcyon. Multivariable data analysis in large cohort is ongoing to fully characterize Halcyon RDS for synchronous SIMT lung SBRT.
Manufacture and Mechanical Properties of Batwing‐Type Al Cellular Metamaterials by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Yuan Gaoqian , Zhu Qing , Li Kezhuo , Zhang Jingzhe , Yang Guodong , Wu Jinbo , Han Lei , Li Faliang , Zhang Haijun , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei
Published: June 2023

Designing metallic cellular structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) is a novel approach for preparing multifunctional and lightweight metamaterials. TPMS‐structured Batwing Al cellular metamaterials are fabricated using selective laser melting. The mechanical performance, failure/deformation modes, and energy absorption capacity of the metamaterials are investigated. It is demonstrated in experimental results that the unit cell structure has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the metamaterials, and that the sample with large wall thickness exhibits excellent mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, the Gibson–Ashby equation is developed to estimate the mechanical properties of the Batwing‐type Al cellular metamaterials. Herein, a theoretical foundation is provided in these findings for the engineering application of phase‐pure Al, which is typically unsuitable as a structural material due to its low yield strength.
Transformative Materials to Create 3D Functional Human Tissue Models In Vitro in a Reproducible Manner
Authors: Gerardo‐Nava Jose L. , Jansen Jitske , Günther Daniel , Klasen Laura , Thiebes Anja Lena , Niessing Bastian , Bergerbit Cédric , Meyer Anna A. , Linkhorst John , Barth Mareike , Akhyari Payam , Stingl Julia , Nagel Saskia , Stiehl Thomas , Lampert Angelika , Leube Rudolf , Wessling Matthias , Santoro Francesca , Ingebrandt Sven , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Herrmann Andreas , Fischer Horst , Wagner Wolfgang , Schmitt Robert H. , Kiessling Fabian , Kramann Rafael , De Laporte Laura
Published: June 2023

Recreating human tissues and organs in the petri dish to establish models as tools in biomedical sciences has gained momentum. These models can provide insight into mechanisms of human physiology, disease onset, and progression, and improve drug target validation, as well as the development of new medical therapeutics. Transformative materials play an important role in this evolution, as they can be programmed to direct cell behavior and fate by controlling the activity of bioactive molecules and material properties. Using nature as an inspiration, scientists are creating materials that incorporate specific biological processes observed during human organogenesis and tissue regeneration. This article presents the reader with state‐of‐the‐art developments in the field of in vitro tissue engineering and the challenges related to the design, production, and translation of these transformative materials. Advances regarding (stem) cell sources, expansion, and differentiation, and how novel responsive materials, automated and large‐scale fabrication processes, culture conditions, in situ monitoring systems, and computer simulations are required to create functional human tissue models that are relevant and efficient for drug discovery, are described. This paper illustrates how these different technologies need to converge to generate in vitro life‐like human tissue models that provide a platform to answer health‐based scientific questions.
A Deformable Additive on Defects Passivation and Phase Segregation Inhibition Enables the Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells over 24%
Authors: Xie Lisha , Liu Jian , Li Jun , Liu Chang , Pu Zhenwei , Xu Peng , Wang Yaohua , Meng Yuanyuan , Yang Mengjin , Ge Ziyi
Published: June 2023

The defects and phase segregation in perovskite will significantly reduce the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a deformable coumarin is employed as a multifunctional additive for formamidinium–cesium (FA‐Cs) perovskite. During the annealing process of perovskite, the partial decomposition of coumarin passivates the Pb2+, iodine, and organic cation defects. Additionally, coumarin can affect colloidal size distributions, resulting in relatively large grain size and good crystallinity of target perovskite film. Hence, the carrier extraction/transport can be promoted, trap‐assisted recombination is reduced, and energy levels are optimized in target perovskite films. Furthermore, the coumarin treatment can significantly release residual stress. As a result, the champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.18% and 24.14% are obtained for Br‐rich (FA0.88Cs0.12PbI2.64Br0.36) and Br‐poor (FA0.96Cs0.04PbI2.8Br0.12) based devices, respectively. The flexible PSCs based on Br‐poor perovskite exhibit an excellent PCE of 23.13%, one of the highest values for flexible PSCs reported to date. Due to the inhibition of phase segregation, the target devices exhibit excellent thermal and light stability. This work provides new insights into the additive engineering of passivating defects, stress relief, and inhibition of phase segregation of perovskite films, offering a reliable method to develop state‐of‐the‐art solar cells.
Dibenzoylperoxide as a Versatile Oxidant for Oxidative Azidations of Phenols Using Quaternary Ammonium Iodides or Bromides.
Authors: Mairhofer Christopher , Waser Mario
Published: June 2023

Dibenzoylperoxide emerged as a versatile oxidant for quaternary ammonium iodide or bromide‐catalyzed reactions of phenol derivatives with NaN3. While the use of iodides allowed for efficient benzylic azidations under these oxidative conditions, the use of bromides allowed for dearomative azidations instead. Both approaches have been successfully applied to different phenol derivatives and a first proof‐of‐concept for an enantioselective variant using chiral quat. ammonium bromides has been obtained as well.
A Simple Preparation of Alkylzinc Reagents Compatible with Carbonyl Functions
Authors: Schiltz Pauline , Gao Mengyu , Ludwig Corentin , Gosmini Corinne
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report a direct method to prepare alkylzinc compounds from functionalized alkyl bromides using cobalt catalysis under mild conditions. This procedure only requires a simple catalytic system composed of CoBr2 and bipyridine as ligand in a mixture of acetonitrile/pyridine. This reaction is stable under air and moisture conditions opening the way to an accessible procedure. A wide range of functional groups such as esters, cyano and halogens on primary and secondary alkyl bromides was well tolerated and gave high yields of the corresponding alkylzinc compounds. Additionally, we managed to form alkylzinc reagents bearing sensitive functional groups such as ketones and aldehydes with good yields. The direct application of these alkylzinc derivatives in palladium‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling with various functionalized aryl bromides proved the efficiency and robustness of this methodology.
Versatile Post‐synthetic Modifications of Helical β‐Peptide Foldamers Derived from a Thioether‐Containing Cyclic β‐Amino Acid
Authors: Lim Danim , Lee Wonchul , Hong Jungwoo , Gong Jintaek , Choi Jonghoon , Kim Jaewook , Lim Seolhee , Yoo Sung Hyun , Lee Yunho , Lee Hee‐Seung
Published: June 2023

We introduce a novel cyclic β‐amino acid, trans‐(3S,4R)‐4‐aminotetrahydrothiophene‐3‐carboxylic acid (ATTC), as a versatile building block for designing peptide foldamers with controlled secondary structures. We synthesized and characterized a series of β‐peptide hexamers containing ATTC using various techniques, including X‐ray crystallography, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy. Our findings reveal that ATTC‐containing foldamers can adopt 12‐helical conformations similar to their isosteres and offer the possibility of fine‐tuning their properties via post‐synthetic modifications. In particular, chemoselective conjugation strategies demonstrate that ATTC provides unique post‐synthetic modification opportunities, which expand their potential applications across diverse research areas. Collectively, our study highlights the versatility and utility of ATTC as an alternative to previously reported cyclic β‐amino acid building blocks in both structural and functional aspects, paving the way for future research in the realm of peptide foldamers and beyond.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Alkenes: Hypervalent Iodine Meets High‐Valent Copper
Authors: Milzarek Tobias Michael , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2023

The first trifluoromethylation of vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) is reported herein. The synthetic method is based on the use of bench‐stable, high‐valent copper(III) species, and the reaction can be initiated under thermal conditions and/or irradiation (365 nm) giving access to trifluoromethylated alkenes in a stereoselective fashion. Various VBX reagents derived from tyrosine, cysteine, small peptides, thiols and amides can be used as precursors. The obtained alkenes could be further functionalized by reduction or epoxidation of the trifluoromethylated double bond. Furthermore, the method could be applied in a large‐scale batch/flow synthesis and could be conducted under visible light irradiation.
An archaeological review of Polynesian adze quarries and sources
Authors: Jennings Christopher , Weisler Marshall , Walter Richard
Published: June 2023

Adze quarries and sources are some of the most visible, unique and well‐preserved Polynesian archaeological sites where stone technology, intensification of production, other aspects of economy, social organisation and ritual practices are anchored together on the landscape. The production and exchange of adzes are associated with complex interaction networks connecting islands and archipelagos up to 4000 km distant making adzes amongst the most widely transferred tools in the Neolithic world. Our review of Polynesian adze quarries and sources demonstrates that site descriptions are uneven hampering regional comparisons based on size, production output and internal complexity. We therefore provide suggestions for future research with the overall goal of making comparisons between these sites more meaningful. We believe it is an exciting time to be studying one of the most important site classes in archaeology not just to know how stone adzes were made, but what we can also learn about the development and variability of complex societies across Polynesia.
Passiv‐Solar‐Fassade – rezyklierbare Fassadendämmung mit Solarenergienutzung
Authors: Stricker Rolf , Stricker Til
Published: June 2023

Mit der Passiv‐Solar‐Fassade wird ein Außenwand‐Dämmsystem vorgestellt, mit dem durch eine transparente Vorsatzschale vor der Dämmschicht Solarenergiegewinne verstärkt genutzt werden können. In einer Parameterstudie wird aufgezeigt, dass sich der Transmissionswärmeverlust gegenüber eines WDVS über alle Dämmstoffdicken je nach Ausrichtung zwischen 20 % und 40 % zusätzlich verringern lässt. Durch die absorbierte Solarenergie wird die Dämmstoffaußenseite sowie die Luftschicht zwischen Dämmung und transparenter Fassadenverkleidung erwärmt, sodass die Temperaturdifferenz von innen nach außen reduziert wird. Dieser Effekt senkt den Transmissionswärmestrom linear, also unabhängig von der Dämmstoffdicke und unterliegt somit nicht dem sogenannten „U‐Wert‐Reziprok‐Dilemma“. Da zum notwendigen Ziel der Energiewende – Nutzung von Wärmepumpen in Bestandsgebäuden – neben der Senkung der Heizenergie die Senkung der Heizlast eine entsprechende Dämmstoffdicke erfordert, wäre der Rückschluss, es könnte hierfür durch die transparente Fassadenverkleidung auf Dämmstoffdicke verzichtet werden, ein Trugschluss. Durch die Passiv‐Solar‐Fassade kann zum Erreichen eines Passivhaus‐Heizenergiebedarf‐Niveaus jedoch die erforderliche Dämmstoffdicke verringert werden.
Connecting the dots? Entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainable entrepreneurship as pathways to sustainability
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjay , Kaur Puneet , Alofaysan Hind , Halberstadt Jantje , Dhir Amandeep
Published: June 2023

While the exponential growth of entrepreneurial ecosystem research has dramatically increased our understanding of the role of context in entrepreneurial outcomes, our knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and environmentally sustainable entrepreneurship is still fragmented. There is ambiguity on how entrepreneurial ecosystems influence sustainable entrepreneurship and what factors facilitate or constrain sustainable entrepreneurship. We attempt to take stock of the extant scholarship on entrepreneurial ecosystems and synthesize studies examining their linkages with sustainability. We systematically reviewed 77 articles identified in the World of Science and Scopus databases to discuss the main themes. The content analysis uncovered four key themes: (a) how entrepreneurial ecosystems become more sustainable, (b) the role of entrepreneurs, (c) the role of universities, and (d) the outcomes of sustainable ecosystems. The findings reveal that interactions between different actors, including customers, suppliers, institutions, governments, and universities, can result in a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem. The novelty of our study arises from integrating extant studies on entrepreneurial ecosystem and sustainability in a systematic and replicable manner. We observed heightened attention to the environmental challenges in ecosystem literature and entrepreneurs' expanded roles in generating ecological and social value. Future studies can further evaluate the effectiveness of entrepreneurial ecosystems to examine whether creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem has a similar value while achieving sustainable development goals across varied contexts.
ROS‐Mediated Antitumor Activity, Apoptosis, and Molecular Docking Studies of Platinum(II) Coordination Complexes Bearing 2‐(Diphenylphosphino)pyridine Ligands
Authors: Mojaddami Ayyub , Abedanzadeh Sedigheh , Bagherzadeh Mehrafarin , Foroutan Gisou , Khodayar Mohammad Javad , Panahimehr Mohammad , Fereidoonnezhad Masood
Published: June 2023

Platinum‐based drugs have been widely used in cancer treatment. However, their severe side effects have limited their use. So, researchers have been striving to find compounds with fewer side effects and greater efficacy, to overcome these drawbacks. Here, the cytotoxicity of platinum(II) complexes containing 2‐(diphenylphosphino)pyridine ligands have been studied on human lung (A549), ovarian (SKOV3), breast (MCF‐7) cancer, and normal breast (MCF‐10A) cell lines. The most potent compound exhibits a marked cell growth‐inhibitory effect against ovarian and lung cancer cells with IC50 values of 9.41 and 5.58 μM, respectively, which were significantly better than that observed for cisplatin (19.02, and 8.64 μM). Additionally, all complexes achieved significantly lower cytotoxicity towards MCF‐10A. To investigate the interaction of complexes with DNA, an electrophoresis mobility shift assay was conducted, which indicated that complexes bind to DNA and affect its electrophoretic mobility. An analysis of apoptosis in A549 cells supported the conclusion that they inhibits cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Molecular docking was also used to investigate the interactions of compounds with different DNA structures. These compounds have the ability to be a suitable pharmaceutical compound with further investigations in the field of cancer research.
Promoting Amination of Furfural to Furfurylamine by Metal‐Support Interactions on Pd/MoO3−x Catalysts
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Zheng Yinjian , Feng Jiye , Zhang Wenbiao , Gao Qingsheng
Published: June 2023

The reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most straightforward protocols to construct C−N bonds, but highly desires active and selective catalysts. Herein, Pd/MoO3−x catalysts are proposed for furfural amination, in which the interactions between Pd nanoparticles and MoO3−x supports can be easily ameliorated by varying the preparation temperature toward efficient catalytic turnover. Thanks to the synergistic cooperation of MoV‐rich MoO3−x and highly dispersed Pd, the optimal catalysts afford the high yield of furfurylamine (84 %) at 80 °C. Thereinto, MoV species not only acts as the acidic promoter to facilitate the activation of carbonyl groups, but also interacts with Pd nanoparticles to promote the subsequent hydrogenolysis of Schiff base N‐furfurylidenefurfurylamine and its germinal diamine. The good efficiency of Pd/MoO3−x within a broad substrate scope further highlights the key contribution of metal‐support interactions to the refinery of biomass feedstocks.
Mixing rules for high density polyethylene‐polypropylene blends
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Stonecipher Ethan , Ning Haibin , Pillay Selvum Brian
Published: June 2023

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) blends of varying composition have been evaluated in an effort to establish a mixing rule for melt flow index (MFI). In addition, a previously established relationship between MFI and for linear polymers was also evaluated for these blends. It was found that a parabolic relationship existed between the composition (by weight fraction) and MFI and that the MFI and relationship held for this set of polymeric materials. Additionally, all properties and relationships were evaluated over five extrusion cycles, which showed minimal to no deviations over the five cycles.
Theoretical Study on B‐doped FeN4 Catalyst for Potential‐Dependent Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Qin Yanyang , Wu Tiantian , Zhang Jianrui , Ding Shujiang , Su Yaqiong
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical reactions mostly take place at a constant potential, but traditional DFT calculations operate at a neutral charge state. In order to really model experimental conditions, we developed a fixed‐potential simulation framework via the iterated optimization and self‐consistence of the required Fermi level. The B‐doped graphene‐based FeN4 sites for oxygen reduction reaction were chosen as the model to evaluate the accuracy of the fixed‐potential simulation. The results demonstrate that *OH hydrogenation gets facile while O2 adsorption or hydrogenation becomes thermodynamically unfavorable due to the lower d‐band center of Fe atoms in the constant potential state than the neutral charge state. The onset potential of ORR over B‐doped FeN4 by performing potential‐dependent simulations agree well with experimental findings. This work indicates that the fixed‐potential simulation can provide a reasonable and accurate description on electrochemical reactions.
Intra‐ and interspecific variation in spectral properties of dominant Sphagnum moss species in boreal peatlands
Authors: Salko Sini‐Selina , Juola Jussi , Burdun Iuliia , Vasander Harri , Rautiainen Miina
Published: June 2023

Boreal peatlands store ~25 % of global soil organic carbon and host many endangered species; however, they face degradation due to climate change and anthropogenic drainage. In boreal peatlands, vegetation indicates ecohydrological conditions of the ecosystem. Applying remote sensing would enable spatially and temporally continuous monitoring of peatland vegetation. New multi‐ and hyperspectral satellite data offer promising approaches for understanding the spectral properties of peatland vegetation at high temporal and spectral resolutions. However, using spectral satellite data to their fullest potential requires detailed spectral analyses of dominant species in peatlands. A dominant feature of peatland vegetation is the genus Sphagnum mosses. We investigated how the reflectance spectra of common boreal Sphagnum mosses, collected from waterlogged natural conditions after snowmelt, change when the mosses are desiccated. We conducted a laboratory experiment where the reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm) and the mass of 90 moss samples (representing nine species) were measured repetitively. Furthermore, we examined (i) their inter‐ and intraspecific spectral differences and (ii) whether the species or their respective habitats could be identified based on their spectral signatures in varying states of drying. Our findings show that the most informative spectral regions to retrieve information about the Sphagnum species and their state of desiccation are in the shortwave infrared region. Furthermore, the visible and near‐infrared spectral regions contain less information on species and moisture content. Our results also indicate that hyperspectral data can, to a limited extent, be used to separate mosses belonging to meso‐ and ombrotrophic habitats. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of including data especially from the shortwave infrared region (1100–2500 nm) in remote sensing applications of boreal peatlands. The spectral library of Sphagnum mosses collected in this study is available as open data and can be used to develop new methods for remote monitoring of boreal peatlands.
Biocompatible scaffolds based on collagen and oxidized dextran for endothelial cell survival and function in tissue engineering
Authors: Sarvestani Fatemeh Sabet , Tamaddon Ali‐Mohammad , Yaghoobi Ramin , Geramizadeh Bita , Azarpira Negar
Published: June 2023

Angiogenesis is a vital step in tissue regeneration. Hence, the current study aimed to prepare oxidized dextran (Odex)/collagen (Col)‐hydrogels with laminin (LMN), as an angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) component, for promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and function. Odex/Col scaffolds were constructed at various concentrations and temperatures. Using oscillatory rheometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell viability testing, the scaffolds were characterized, and then HUVEC proliferation and function was compared with or without LMN. The gelation time could be modified by altering the Odex/Col mass ratio as well as the temperature. SEM showed that Odex/Col hydrogels had a more regular three‐dimensional (3D) porous structure than the Col hydrogels. Moreover, HUVECs grew faster in the Col scaffold (12 mg/mL), whereas the Odex (30 mg/mL)/Col (6 mg/mL) scaffold exhibited the lowest apoptosis index. Furthermore, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the group without LMN was higher than that with LMN, and the Odex (30 mg/mL)/Col (6 mg/mL) scaffold without LMN had the highest VEGF protein secretion, allowing the cells to survive and function effectively. Odex/Col scaffolds, with or without LMN, are proposed as a tissue engineering construct to improve HUVEC survival and function for angiogenesis.
Association between adeno‐associated virus genomic titers and intracellular plasmid levels
Authors: Masumi‐Koizumi Kyoko , Yuan Yuzhe , Higashiyama Kiyoko , Yusa Keisuke , Uchida Kazuhisa
Published: June 2023

The recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vector is one of the most effective viral vectors in gene therapy because of its low immunogenicity, high transduction efficiency, broad tissue specificity, and long‐term transgene expression ability. HEK293T cells are widely used to produce rAAV vectors, and acquisition of high rAAV‐producing cells is one of the essential processes for higher rAAV vector production. To acquire such cells, a method to identify cells with high expression of transgene protein was developed; however, the relationship between high expression of transgene protein and increased production of rAAV has not been sufficiently studied to date. We used the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 as a transgene, subdivided the adherent cells according to the intensity of transgene expression protein, and reconfirmed the relationship between rAAV vector production and the amount of intracellular plasmid. We found that the amount of rAAV produced was not correlated with the intensity of expression of the transgene protein but may be correlated with the amount of intracellular plasmid. We also found that cells with high expression of transgene protein might not necessarily produce large amounts of rAAV vector. Based on these results, it was suggested that intracellular plasmid copy number could be used as a new marker for cells producing high levels of rAAV vector.
A population level analysis of second hematological malignancies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma survivors in the era of targeted therapies
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Dima Danai , Kumar Sumukh A. , Mian Agrima , Taneja Alankrita , Karna Rahul , Caimi Paolo F. , Hill Brian T. , Dean Robert , Jagadeesh Deepa
Published: June 2023

With improvement in survival after chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosis, the real‐world burden of second hematological malignancies (SHM) has not been comprehensively assessed in recent era. We analyzed risk, incidence, and outcomes of SHM in CLL patients between 2000 and 2019 using SEER database. CLL patients had greater risk for hematological malignancies than general population [SIR, standardized incidence ratio (95% CI):2.58 (2.46–2.70); p < 0.05]. The risk for subsequent lymphoma increased by 1.75 folds in 2015–2019 compared to 2000–2004. The duration, after CLL diagnosis, of maximum risk for SHM decreased as 60–119 months for time‐period 2000–2004, 6–11 months for 2005–2009 to 2–5 months for 2010–2014 and 2015–2019. Incidence of SHM was 2.5% in CLL survivors (1736/70,346) with lymphoid SHM being more common than myeloid SHM, and DLBCL being the most common pathology (n = 610, 35% of all SHM). Male sex, age ≤65 years at CLL diagnosis, and chemotherapy treatment were associated with higher risk for SHM. The median gap between CLL and SHM diagnoses was 46 months. The median survival for de‐novo‐AML, t‐MN, CML, and aggressive NHL was 63, 86, 95, and 96 months respectively. Although SHM remains rare, there is increased risk in recent era, likely due to improved survival in CLL patients, necessitating active surveillance strategies.
Emulation of auditory senses depending on chaotic dynamics of threshold switching memristor
Authors: Yu Junwei , Zeng Fei , Wan Qin , Lu Ziao , Pan Feng
Published: June 2023

Emulating the auditory sense is a significant challenge in terms of both integration and energy consumption for handling complicated spatiotemporal information. Here, we demonstrate how to utilize the chaotic dynamics of a threshold switching memristor, which usually acts as a leaky integrate and fire neuron in the neuromorphic network, to encode the frequency and amplitude in auditory information. We fabricate a Pd/Nb/NbOx/Nb/Pd memristor dominated by the Poole–Frankel conduction mechanism, set its state at the edge of chaos, and stimulate it using periodic perturbations. The memristor's responses to the perturbation frequencies can be categorized into three zones. Two are phase locking with linear phase–frequency relationships, and one has a hyperbolic spike number–frequency relationship. The memristor system also enables intensity coding and tonotopy by modulating the response spikes in either the locked phase or spike number. Based on the emulation of these two features, the memristor system demonstrates sound location and frequency mixing. Our study suggests a novel routine for handling the auditory and visual senses using threshold‐switching memristor arrays to enhance the efficiency of neuromorphic networks.

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Favorable recovery profiles and good reliability among youngest unrelated stem cell donors supports lowering the minimum donor registration age
Authors: Ros‐Soto Jose , Pryce Angharad , Zoubek Eva , Burlton Catherine , Szydlo Richard , Anthias Chloe
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Younger donor age in hematopoietic cell transplantation has been associated with improved overall and disease‐free survival. Safety data on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM) donation is well established, including in the <18‐year old age group in the related setting. In response, Anthony Nolan became the first stem cell donor registry to lower the minimum age for unrelated donors to 16‐years.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study reviewed unrelated donors donating PBSC or BM for the first time between April 2015 and October 2017 since adoption of the lowered recruitment age. Data were collected from registry electronic database and structured follow‐up questionnaires. Primary outcomes were turnaround time from VT to donation, optimal cell yield achievement, and physical and emotional recovery.

Results

Out of a total of 1013 donors, there were no differences between the different age groups in proportion of donors achieving optimal CD34+ or TNC (PBSC and BM, respectively). There was no increased central line requirement for younger donors or increased emergency telephone support.

Youngest donors were more likely to report physical recovery 2 and 7 days post‐PBSC (P = .024 and P = .015, respectively) as well as an earlier emotional recovery (P = .001) and fewer physical symptoms 1 week BM donation (P = .04).

Conclusion

This study shows that younger donors are as reliable as older donors, and have favorable recovery profiles without need for increased support at any stage of the donation, supporting Anthony Nolan recruitment strategy and offering reassurance to donor registries considering the same.