bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent hypoxia in rats reduces activation of Ca2+ sparks in mesenteric arteries
Authors: Jackson-Weaver Olan , Osmond Jessica M. , Naik Jay S. , Gonzalez Bosc Laura V. , Walker Benjimen R. , Kanagy Nancy L.
Published: September 2015

Ca+ sparks are vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) Ca2+-release events that are mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyR) and promote vasodilation by activating large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels and inhibiting myogenic tone. We have previously reported that exposing rats to intermittent hypoxia (IH) to simulate sleep apnea augments myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries through loss of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced dilation. Because we also observed that H2S can increase Ca2+ spark activity, we hypothesized that loss of H2S after IH exposure reduces Ca2+ spark activity and that blocking Ca2+ spark generation reduces H2S-induced dilation. Ca2+ spark activity was lower in VSMC of arteries from IH compared with sham-exposed rats. Furthermore, depolarizing VSMC by increasing luminal pressure (from 20 to 100 mmHg) or by elevating extracellular [K+] increased spark activity in VSMC of arteries from sham rats but had no effect in arteries from IH rats. Inhibiting endogenous H2S production in sham arteries prevented these increases. NaHS or phosphodiesterase inhibition increased spark activity to the same extent in sham and IH arteries. Depolarization-induced increases in Ca2+ spark activity were due to increased sparks per site, whereas H2S increases in spark activity were due to increased spark sites per cell. Finally, inhibiting Ca2+ spark activity with ryanodine (10 μM) enhanced myogenic tone in arteries from sham but not IH rats and blocked dilation to exogenous H2S in arteries from both sham and IH rats. Our results suggest that H2S regulates RyR activation and that H2S-induced dilation requires Ca2+ spark activation. IH exposure decreases endogenous H2S-dependent Ca2+ spark activation to cause membrane depolarization and enhance myogenic tone in mesenteric arteries.
Long-term impact of CMV infection on allografts and on patient survival in renal transplant patients with protocol biopsies
Authors: Erdbrügger U. , Scheffner I. , Mengel M. , Schwarz A. , Haller H. , Gwinner W.
Published: September 2015

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication of early posttransplantation. This study examines its impact on chronic allograft changes, long-term graft loss, and patient survival. We studied 594 patients who had protocol biopsies at 6 wk, and 3 and 6 mo posttransplantation. Chronic allograft changes were evaluated according to the updated Banff classification [interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA), vascular and glomerular lesions]. Follow-up data were available for up to 10 yr. CMV infection was diagnosed in 153 of 594 patients (26%) in the first year after transplantation, mostly within the first 3 mo. Graft survival was reduced in patients with CMV ( P = 0.03) as well as the combined allograft/patient survival ( P = 0.008). Prevalence of IF/TA at 6 wk after transplantation was already threefold higher in patients who experienced CMV infection later on compared with patients without CMV ( P = 0.005). In multivariate analyses, CMV viremia or disease was not a significant factor for graft loss or death. In conclusion, patients with CMV infection posttransplantation show more chronic allograft changes early on, even before CMV infection, and development of IF/TA is not more prevalent in patients with CMV. Our data do not support a significant role of CMV in patient and graft outcomes.
The Association between Glyceraldehyde-Derived Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Kong So Yeon , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , McKeown-Eyssen Gail , Yamagishi Sho-ichi , Chayama Kazuaki , O'Brien Peter J. , Ferrari Pietro , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Bastide Nadia , Carbonnel Franck , Kühn Tilman , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Vasilopoulou Effie , Masala Giovanna , Pala Valeria , Santucci De Magistris Maria , Tumino Rosario , Naccarati Alessio , Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B. , Peeters Petra H. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Quirós J. Ramón , Jakszyn Paula , Sánchez María-José , Dorronsoro Miren , Gavrila Diana , Ardanaz Eva , Rutegård Martin , Nyström Hanna , Wareham Nicholas J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Romieu Isabelle , Freisling Heinz , Stavropoulou Faidra , Gunter Marc J. , Cross Amanda J. , Riboli Elio , Jenab Mazda , Bruce W. Robert
Published: September 2015

Background: A large proportion of colorectal cancers are thought to be associated with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle exposures, particularly energy excess, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. It has been suggested that these processes stimulate the production of toxic reactive carbonyls from sugars such as glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde contributes to the production of a group of compounds known as glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (glycer-AGEs), which may promote colorectal cancer through their proinflammatory and pro-oxidative properties. The objective of this study nested within a prospective cohort was to explore the association of circulating glycer-AGEs with risk of colorectal cancer.

Methods: A total of 1,055 colorectal cancer cases (colon n = 659; rectal n = 396) were matchced (1:1) to control subjects. Circulating glycer-AGEs were measured by a competitive ELISA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for potential confounding factors, including smoking, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes status.

Results: Elevated glycer-AGEs levels were not associated with colorectal cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quartile, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82–1.49). Subgroup analyses showed possible divergence by anatomical subsites (OR for colon cancer, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57–1.22; OR for rectal cancer, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14–3.19; Pheterogeneity = 0.14).

Conclusions: In this prospective study, circulating glycer-AGEs were not associated with risk of colon cancer, but showed a positive association with the risk of rectal cancer.

Impact: Further research is needed to clarify the role of toxic products of carbohydrate metabolism and energy excess in colorectal cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1855–63. ©2015 AACR.
A Novel Risk Locus at 6p21.3 for Epstein–Barr Virus-Positive Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Delahaye-Sourdeix Manon , Urayama Kevin Y. , Gaborieau Valérie , Veenstra Rianne , Foll Matthieu , Chabrier Amelie , Benavente Yolanda , Nieters Alexandra , Becker Nikolaus , Foretova Lenka , Maynadié Marc , Staines Anthony , Smedby Karin Ekstrom , Glimelius Ingrid , Lightfoot Tracy , Cocco Pierluigi , Galan Pilar , Vatten Lars J. , Duell Eric J. , Kiemeney Lambertus , Roman Eve , de Sanjosé Silvia , Lathrop Mark , Melbye Mads , Brennan Paul , Diepstra Arjan , van den Berg Anke , Hjalgrim Henrik , Jarrett Ruth F. , McKay James D.
Published: September 2015

Background: A proportion of the genetic variants involved in susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma differ by the tumor's Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status, particularly within the MHC region.

Methods: We have conducted an SNP imputation study of the MHC region, considering tumor EBV status in 1,200 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases and 5,726 control subjects of European origin. Notable findings were genotyped in an independent study population of 468 cHL cases and 551 controls.

Results: We identified and subsequently replicated a novel association between a common genetic variant rs6457715 and cHL. Although strongly associated with EBV-positive cHL [OR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83–2.97; P = 7 × 10–12], there was little evidence for association between rs6457715 and the EBV-negative subgroup of cHL (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.92–1.21), indicating that this association was specific to the EBV-positive subgroup (Phet < P = 10−8). Furthermore, the association was limited to EBV-positive cHL subgroups within mixed cell (MCHL) and nodular sclerosis subtypes (NSHL), suggesting that the association is independent of histologic subtype of cHL.

Conclusions: rs6457715, located near the HLA-DPB1 gene, is associated with EBV-positive cHL and suggests this region as a novel susceptibility locus for cHL.

Impact: This expands the number of genetic variants that are associated with cHL and provides additional evidence for a critical and specific role of EBV in the etiology of this disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1838–43. ©2015 AACR.
Physical Activity and Risk of Male Breast Cancer
Authors: Arem Hannah , Brinton Louise A. , Moore Steven C. , Gapstur Susan M. , Habel Laurel A. , Johnson Kenneth , Kolonel Laurence N. , McCormack Valerie A. , Michels Karin B. , Sesso Howard D. , Ursin Giske , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Cook Michael B. , Matthews Charles E.
Published: September 2015

The association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and male breast cancer risk is unclear. In the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, with 449 cases and 13,855 matched controls, we used logistic regression with study stratification to generate adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LTPA tertiles and male breast cancer risk. Compared with low LTPA, medium and high LTPA were not associated with male breast cancer risk (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79–1.29; 0.90, 0.69–1.18, respectively). In joint-effects analyses, compared with the referent of high body mass index (BMI; ≥25 kg/m2)/low LTPA, neither medium nor high PA was associated with risk among high BMI men, but normal BMI men (<25 kg/m2) with low or medium LTPA were at a nonsignificant ∼16% reduced risk and those with high LTPA were at a 27% reduced risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.50–1.07). Physical activity alone may not confer protection against male breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1898–901. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Moeini Agrin , Sia Daniela , Bardeesy Nabeel , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Llovet Josep M.
Published: September 2015

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a molecularly heterogeneous hepatobiliary neoplasm with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The incidence of this neoplasm is growing globally. One third of iCCA tumors are amenable to surgical resection, but most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages with chemotherapy as the only established standard of practice. No molecular therapies are currently available for the treatment of this neoplasm. The poor understanding of the biology of iCCA and the lack of known oncogenic addiction loops has hindered the development of effective targeted therapies. Studies with sophisticated animal models defined IDH mutation as the first gatekeeper in the carcinogenic process and led to the discovery of striking alternative cellular origins. RNA- and exome-sequencing technologies revealed the presence of recurrent novel fusion events (FGFR2 and ROS1 fusions) and somatic mutations in metabolic (IDH1/2) and chromatin-remodeling genes (ARID1A, BAP1). These latest advancements along with known mutations in KRAS/BRAF/EGFR and 11q13 high-level amplification have contributed to a better understanding of the landscape of molecular alterations in iCCA. More than 100 clinical trials testing molecular therapies alone or in combination with chemotherapy including iCCA patients have not reported conclusive clinical benefits. Recent discoveries have shown that up to 70% of iCCA patients harbor potential actionable alterations that are amenable to therapeutic targeting in early clinical trials. Thus, the first biomarker-driven trials are currently underway. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 291–300. ©2015 AACR.
Impaired Synthesis of Stromal Components in Response to Minnelide Improves Vascular Function, Drug Delivery, and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Banerjee Sulagna , Modi Shrey , McGinn Olivia , Zhao Xianda , Dudeja Vikas , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Saluja Ashok K.
Published: September 2015

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer stromal microenvironment is considered to be the major reason for failure of conventional and targeted therapy for this disease. The desmoplastic stroma, comprising mainly collagen and glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronan (HA), is responsible for compression of vasculature in the tumor resulting in impaired drug delivery and poor prognosis. Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide currently in phase I clinical trial, has been very effective in multiple animal models of pancreatic cancer. However, whether Minnelide will have efficacious delivery into the tumor despite the desmoplastic stroma has not been evaluated before.

Experiment Design: Patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) and spontaneous pancreatic cancer mice were treated with 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Stromal components were determined by IHC and ELISA-based assays. Vascular functionality and drug delivery to the tumor were assessed following treatment with Minnelide.

Result: Our current study shows that treatment with Minnelide resulted in reduction of ECM components like HA and collagen in the pancreatic cancer stroma of both the spontaneous KPC mice as well as in patient tumor xenografts. Furthermore, treatment with Minnelide improved functional vasculature in the tumors resulting in four times more functional vessels in the treated animals compared with untreated animals. Consistent with this observation, Minnelide also resulted in increased drug delivery into the tumor compared with untreated animals. Along with this, Minnelide also decreased viability of the stromal cells along with the tumor cells in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions: In conclusion, these results are extremely promising as they indicate that Minnelide, along with having anticancer effects is also able to deplete stroma in pancreatic tumors, which makes it an effective therapy for pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 415–25. ©2015 AACR.
Secondary Caries Development in in situ Gaps next to Composite and Amalgam
Authors: Kuper Nicolien K. , Montagner Anelise F. , van de Sande Françoise H. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Opdam Niek J.M. , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte D.J.N.M.
Published: September 2015

This in situ study investigated the secondary caries development in dentin in gaps next to composite and amalgam. For 21 days, 14 volunteers wore a modified occlusal splint containing human dentin samples with an average gap of 215 µm (SD = 55 µm) restored with three different materials: Filtek Supreme composite, Clearfil AP-X composite and Tytin amalgam. Eight times a day, the splint with samples was dipped in a 20% sucrose solution for 10 min. Before and after caries development, specimens were imaged with transversal wavelength independent microradiography, and lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were calculated. The LD and ML of the three restoration materials were compared within patients using paired t tests (α = 5%). In total 38 composite samples (Filtek n = 19 and AP-X n = 19) and 19 amalgam samples could be used for data analysis. AP-X composite presented the highest mean values of LD and ML of the three restorative materials. Amalgam showed statistically significantly less ML (Δ = 452 µm × vol%) than the combined composite materials (p = 0.036). When comparing amalgam to the separate composite materials, only AP-X composite showed higher ML (Δ = 515 µm × vol%) than amalgam (p = 0.034). Analysis of LD showed the same trends, but these were not statistically significant. In conclusion, amalgam showed reduced secondary caries progression in dentin in gaps compared to composite materials tested in this in situ model.
Bleeding events with dabigatran or warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Kakkar Ajay , Kearon Clive , Eriksson Henry , Kreuzer Jörg , Feuring Martin , Hantel Stephan , Friedman Jeffrey , Schellong Sebastian , Schulman Sam , Majeed Ammar
Published: September 2015

Dabigatran was as effective as warfarin for the acute treatment of venous thromboembolism in the RE-COVER and RE-COVER II trials. We compared the incidence of bleeding with dabigatran versus warfarin in pooled data from these studies. The localisation, bleeding severity, and the impact of key factors on the incidence of bleeding, were compared between the dabigatran and warfarin treatment group. Altogether, 2553 patients received dabigatran and 2554 warfarin, each for a mean of 164 days. The incidence of any bleeding event was significantly lower with dabigatran (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.79), as was the incidence of the composite of MBEs and clinically relevant non-major bleeding events (HR 0.62; 95 % CI, 0.50–0.76). The incidence of major bleeding events (MBEs) was also significantly lower with dabigatran in the double-dummy phase (HR, 0.60; 95 % CI, 0.36–0.99) but not statistically different between the two treatment arms when the entire treatment period is considered (HR 0.73 95 % CI, 0.48–1.11). Increasing age, reduced renal function, Asian ethnicity, and concomitant antiplatelet therapy were associated with higher bleeding rates in both treatment groups. The reduction in bleeding with dabigatran compared to warfarin was consistent among the subgroups and with a similar pattern for intracranial, and urogenital major bleeding. In conclusion, treatment of venous thromboembolism with dabigatran is associated with a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. This reduction did not differ with respect to the location of bleeding or among predefined subgroups.
Hyperoxia Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia in the Presence of Acute Coronary Artery Stenosis in Swine
Authors: Guensch Dominik P. , Fischer Kady , Shie Nancy , Lebel Julie , Friedrich Matthias G.
Published: September 2015

Background—

Current guidelines limit the use of high oxygen tension after return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest, focusing on neurological outcome and mortality. Little is known about the impact of hyperoxia on the ischemic heart. Oxygen is frequently administered and is generally expected to be beneficial. This study seeks to assess the effects of hyperoxia on myocardia oxygenation in the presence of severe coronary artery stenosis in swine.

Methods and Results—

In 22 healthy pigs, we surgically attached a magnetic resonance compatible flow probe to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In 11 pigs, a hydraulic occluder was inflated distal to the flow probe. After increasing Pa
O
2
to >300 mm Hg, LAD flow decreased in all animals. In 8 stenosed animals with a mean fractional flow reserve of 0.64±0.02, hyperoxia resulted in a significant decrease of myocardial signal intensity in oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of the midapical segments of the LAD territory. This was not seen in remote myocardium or in the other 8 healthy animals. The decreased signal intensity was accompanied by a decrease in circumferential strain in the same segments. Furthermore, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and oxygen extraction ratio declined in these animals. Changing PaCO
2
levels did not have a significant effect on any of the parameters; however, hypercapnia seemed to nonsignificantly attenuate the hyperoxia-induced changes.

Conclusions—

Ventilation-induced hyperoxia may decrease myocardial oxygenation and lead to ischemia in myocardium subject to severe coronary artery stenosis.
Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Death After First Stroke in Long‐Distance Ski Race Participants
Authors: Hållmarker Ulf , Åsberg Signild , Michaëlsson Karl , Ärnlöv Johan , Hellberg Dan , Lindbäck Johan , Wester Per , James Stefan
Published: September 2015

Background

Physical activity is of benefit for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but it appears to increase the risk for atrial fibrillation. We aimed to study a cohort of patients following a first stroke in individuals with previous high physical activity, compare them to the general population with respect to recurrent stroke and death, and relate these to atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

From the participants of the Vasaloppet, the world's largest ski‐race, and matched individuals from the general population (n=708 604), we identified 5964 patients hospitalized with a first‐time stroke between 1994 and 2010. Individuals with severe diseases were excluded. One half percent of skiers and 1% of nonskiers were hospitalized due to stroke. The incidence rate was 8.3 per 100 person‐years among skiers and 11.1 among nonskiers. The hazard ratio (
HR
) for recurrent stroke or death between the 2 groups was 0.76 (95%
CI
0.67 to 0.86). The result was consistent in subgroups. The
HR
for death was 0.66 (95%
CI
0.56 to 0.78) and for recurrent stroke 0.82 (95%
CI
0.70 to 0.96). After adjustment for smoking and socioeconomic factors, the
HR
for death was consistent at 0.70 (95%
CI
0.56 to 0.87) while the
HR
for recurrent stroke was not statistically significant. Outcomes for skiers with atrial fibrillation tended to show a lower risk than for nonskiers.

Conclusions

This large cohort study supports the hypothesis that patients with a stroke and with prior regular physical activity have a lower risk of death, while their risk for recurrent stroke is similar to that of nonskiers. The skiers had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation, but still no increased risk of recurring stroke.
A curious nematode, Diploscapteroides persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditomorpha), from Iran with a note on the status of the male genital papillae
Authors: Ghaemi Razieh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Pedram Majid , Atighi Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2015

Diploscapteroides persicusn. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is mainly characterised by female body length of 469-673 μm, female tail length of 51-99 μm, shape of gubernaculum and spicules and arrangement of male genital papillae. Also, the arrangement of male genital papillae of the new species shows the presence of precloacal papillae, a feature that has not been previously described for the genus. The new species is comparable with all valid species of the genus, namelyD. boettgeri,D. brevicauda,D. chitinolabiatus,D. coroniger,D. dacchensisandD. flexuosus, from which the morphological comparisons of the new species with aforementioned species are discussed. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of SSU and LSU rRNA genes were performed for the new species, being the first representative of the genus to be phylogenetically studied using both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, and revealed thatD. persicusn. sp. formed a clade with a species ofCephaloboides.
Delimitation of taxa in Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) based in morphology and molecular phylogeny of Brazilian specimens
Authors: GOMES-SILVA ALLYNE CHRISTINA , LIMA-JÚNIOR NELSON , MALOSSO ELAINE , RYVARDEN LEIF , Gibertoni Tatiana
Published: September 2015

From 2007 to 2014, specimens of Amauroderma were collected mostly in North and Northeast Brazil. Additionally, material deposited in herbaria was reviewed. The analysed specimens represented 20 species, six of them new to science: Amauroderma albostipitatum, A. floriformum, A. laccatostipitatum, A. ovisporum, A. sessile and A. subsessile. Twelve species, three of them new, had their ITS and/or LSU region of the DNA sequenced. According to the results, Amauroderma is not monophyletic; A. partitum and A. schomburgkii are macro-morphologically variable species; the synonym of A. calcigenum with A. partitum is not supported, and the use of macro- and micro-morphological characters is a useful tool to delimit species of the genus.
Marasmius odoratus—a new jasmine-scented species of Marasmius section Globulares from India
Authors: Farook V. Adnaan , Manimohan Patinjareveettil
Published: September 2015

Marasmius odoratus sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India, based on morphological and molecular (ITS) phylogenetic data and is assigned to the section Globulares. Comprehensive description, photographs, and comparison with allied species are provided. It is characterized by a deeply sulcate pileus with grayish red grooves on a pale cream background, a long, pale cream to pale orange stipe, narrowly clavate basidiospores [17–23(–25) × 4–5 μm], a fragrant odor recalling jasmine flower, and a distinctive ITS sequence.
Salvia hasankeyfense (Lamiaceae), a new species from Hasankeyf (Batman, South-eastern Turkey)
Authors: Celep Ferhat , Dirmenci Tuncay , Güner Özal
Published: September 2015

The new species Salvia hasankeyfense (Lamiaceae) is here described and illustrated. It is confined to Hasankeyf ancient city, Batman, in South-eastern Turkey where it grows in rocky cracks. It is distinguished from the morphologically similar Salvia verbenaca by chiefly basal and stem leaf shape, size and indumentum, stem indumentum, and corolla colour. IUCN red list category, distribution map, notes on biogeography and ecology of the new species are also given.
1. The Example in Dadupanthi Homiletics
Authors: Horstmann Monika
Published: September 2015

Monika Horstmann, a senior scholar in old Hindi text studies, digs deep into Rajasthani Dadupanthi sources to give us a picture of how long sectarian sermons have been built around a founding saint’s pithy verses. Among other points, she draws attention to the ways in which preachers give the verses’ potentially universal metaphors some local references.
4. Hearing Mo‘jizat in South Asian Shi‘ism
Authors: Bard Amy
Published: September 2015

Bard concludes the section with ethnography, giving attention to both Hosrtmann’s sense of the local and Alam’s manipulation of story-elements in the contemporary practice of retelling Shi’i miracle stories.
8. Text, Orality, and Performance in Newar Devotional Music1
Authors: Widdess Richard
Published: September 2015

Providing a fitting end to the chapter, Widdess emphasizes the role of performance in textual meaning. He presents a largely anthropological study about groups in a middle-caste Nepali farming community who perform songs from written books in language they generally do not much understand. The meaning of the songs for them is determined by the few words that do come through into their own language and the circumstances in which the songs are sung.
Creolization and balkanization as a result of language (dialect) contact. Is the origin of mixed languages universal?
Authors: Głuszkowski Michał
Published: September 2015

Creolization and balkanization as a result of language (dialect) contact. Is the origin of mixed languages universal?There are several types of language contact depending on the relations between languages. The article focuses on the results of language contact with multi- and unidirectional influence: balkanization, pidginization, creolization and other types of contact – why not all of them result in mixing codes. The author considers various theoretical approaches to describe languages in contact, the process of convergence and the genesis of mixed codes. While the comparison of such language situations as Balkan Sprachbund, colonial and postcolonial societies, multi-ethnic societies in the Western world, has shown  that each type of language contact needs its own approach, the final part of this paper is  devoted to two analogical language situations: Russian Old Believers in Poland and Poles in Siberia. However, despite of many similarities, even these two communities have developed their bilingualism in a different way.Kreolizacja i bałkanizacja jako rezultat kontaktu języków (dialektów). Czy istnieje uniwersalna geneza języków mieszanych?Możemy wyróżnić kilka typów kontaktu językowego w zależności od relacji pomiędzy językami. W artykule omówiono rezultaty kontaktu językowego z jedno- i wielokierunkowym wpływem: bałkanizacja, pidginizacja, kreolizacja oraz inne typy kontaktu, a także podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czemu tylko niektóre z nich skutkują powstaniem języków mieszanych. Analizie poddano różne podejścia teoretyczne, służące opisowi języków w kontakcie, procesowi konwergencji oraz powstaniu języków mieszanych. Ponieważ porównanie takich przykładów kontaktu językowego jak Bałkańska Liga Językowa, społeczności kolonialne i postkolonialne oraz wieloetniczne społeczeństwa na Zachodzie pokazało, że każdy typ kontaktu wymaga innego podejścia, końcową część artykułu poświęcono dwóm praktycznie analogicznym sytuacjom językowym: Rosjanom-staroobrzędowcom w Polsce i Polakom na Syberii. Pomimo wielu podobieństw okazuje się jednak, że w obydwu społecznościach bilingwizm rozwinął się w inny sposób.
Die Numerusbildung in den Balkansprachen. Ein typologischer Vergleich
Authors: Kahl Thede , Metzeltin Michael
Published: September 2015

The formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. A typological comparisonThis article is part of the wider project Grammatica Balkanica, the intentions of which have already been mentioned in previous publications. The present study is based on standard languages and its focus is laid less on historical than on typological aspects. Before dealing with the Balkan languages, a similar approach on the Romance languages was conducted. The present paper discusses the differences and similarities in the formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. Formation models will be delivered based on examples. The same approach should be applied to all Slavic languages. The aim of the whole project is to examine the differences and similarities between languages regarding the morphological and syntactic formation patterns, the phenomena of their convergence and divergence, the extent to which these factors are connected to cultural history and cognitive development. Gramatyczna kategoria liczby w językach bałkańskich. Typologia zagadnieniaArtykuł wpisuje się w szerszy projekt Grammatica Balkanica, którego zadania przedstawiono we wcześniejszych publikacjach. Prezentowana obecnie analiza oparta jest na językach literackich i koncentruje się przede wszystkim na aspekcie typologicznym, mniej zaś na historycznym. Wcześniej przeprowadzono analogiczne badania porównawcze w odniesieniu do języków romańskich W tym artykule skoncentrowano się na inwentaryzacji różnic i podobieństw w formach wyrażania semantycznej kategorii liczby w literackich odmianach języków bałkańskich. Strukturalne modele tej kategorii oparte są na analizie konkretnych przykładów. Podobne podejście będzie zastosowane w przyszłości do języków słowiańskich. Celem całego projektu jest zbadanie międzyjęzykowych różnic i podobieństw w sferze morfologicznych i syntaktycznych wzorców wyrażania, stwierdzenie konwergencji i dywergencji w tym zakresie oraz określenie, w jakim stopniu czynniki te wpisują się w historię kultury i w procesy kognitywne.
Dans quelle mesure la flexion roumaine et albanaise sont-elles convergentes ?
Authors: Cychnerski Tomasz
Published: September 2015

To what extent are the Romanian and the Albanian inflection convergents?This paper presents the results of a short contrastive analysis of functional inflection in the contemporary Romanian and Albanian. Its aim is to determine convergences between these two languages on a highly general level. Nine morphological categories (number, person, gender, case, determination, voice, aspect, mode and tense) with all their main values are described here in each variable lexical class of both the Romanian and the Albanian language. Such a treatment of two corresponding lingusitic subsystems clearly demonstrates that differences overcome similarities, and supposed balkanisms are dubious on this level. W jakim stopniu zbieżne są fleksja rumuńska i fleksja albańska?W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnej analizy kontrastywnej, obejmującej fleksję funkcjonalną współczesnych języków rumuńskiego i albańskiego. Podstawowym celem jest tu określenie, na bardzo ogólnym poziomie, zbieżności między tymi językami. Pod uwagę wzięto dziewięć kategorii morfologicznych (liczba, osoba, rodzaj, przypadek, określoność, strona, aspekt, tryb i czas) wraz z ich prymarnymi wartościami w każdej odmiennej klasie leksykalnej, tak rumuńskiej, jak i albańskiej. Takie potraktowanie odpowiadających sobie dwu językowych podsystemów wykazuje wprost, że różnice przeważają tu nad podobieństwami, a przypuszczalne bałkanizmy są na tym poziomie raczej wątpliwe.
Zanikanie bezokolicznika w języku serbskim. Wstępne rozpoznanie zagadnienia
Authors: Karasiński Artur
Published: September 2015

The loss of the infinitive in Serbian. Preliminary issueThe article concerns the loss of the infinitive in Serbian literary language and its gradual replacement by the construction da + praesens. The analyzed material consists of Serbian and Serbo-Croatian literature and goes from the Saint Sava’s texts - these are the first widely available texts of Serbian. The last text analyzed comes from the beginning of XXI century. The process of the loss of infinitive has been checked in the contexts in which it is possible to replace the infinitive form by the structure da + verb in the present tense without changing the meaning. Zanikanie bezokolicznika w języku serbskim. Wstępne rozpoznanie zagadnieniaArtykuł dotyczy procesu zanikania bezokolicznika w języku serbskim i stopniowego zastępowania go konstrukcją da + praesens. Materiał, który posłużył do analizy, stanowi przekrój piśmiennictwa ograniczonego do rdzennych terenów serbskich: wychodzi już od czasów św. Sawy, którego teksty jako jedne z pierwszych są powszechnie dostępne. Ostatni przeanalizowany tekst pochodzi z początku XXI wieku. Materiał przebadano w kontekstach, w których obie konstrukcje są w pełni równoznaczne.
На кръстопътя на езиковите теории: глаголната комбинаторика
Authors: Венкова [Venkova] Цветомира [TSvetomira]
Published: September 2015

At the crossroads of linguistic theories: Verb combinatoricsThis paper discusses the limitations of syntactic research conducted within a single theoretical framework. The basic claim is that theories have both distinctive and common features, which can be taken into consideration and some interesting results and ideas can be encoded in terms of the original theory. The discussion of the theory interactions is focused around a particular linguistic issue – the head element of the simple verb phrase. Three basic syntactic models are analyzed in regard to their treatment of the head element in the verb phrase: Phrase Structure Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis shows some variations within the frameworks and similarities across them. In general, it is an attempt to point out that the modern linguist can build bridges between theoretical frameworks if the postulates of the original framework are not violated. Na skrzyżowaniu teorii językowych. Kombinatoryka czasownikowaArtykuł poświęcony jest omówieniu ograniczeń analizy syntaktycznej, dokonywanej w ramach jednej teorii składniowej. Autorka stoi na stanowisku, że poszczególne teorie zawierają zarówno elementy specyficzne (dystynktywne), jak i ogólne, wspólne wszystkim teoriom. Ta inspekcja może przynieść ciekawe rezultaty, które nadają się do wbudowania w oryginalną teorię. Problem przedstawiono na konkretnym przykładzie – elementu nadrzędnego frazy werbalnej. Pod uwagę wzięto trzy teorie syntaktyczne, w ramach których przeanalizowano charakterystykę funkcjonowania głównego elementu frazy werbalnej: Phrase Structure Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar oraz Systemic Functional Grammar. Analiza wykazała pewną wariantywność wbudowaną w ramy pojedynczej teorii, jak i podobieństwa między poszczególnymi teoriami.Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na fakt, że współczesny lingwista ma prawo próbować przerzucać mosty pomiędzy różnymi teoriami, oczywiście jeśli nie narusza zasadniczych ram oryginalnej teorii.
On official texts in Slavic dialects in the County of Korcha, South-Eastern Albania
Authors: Макарцев [Makartsev] Максим [Maxim]
Published: September 2015

On official texts in Slavic dialects in the County of Korcha, South Eastern AlbaniaIn the article I consider official texts in Slavic dialects in Albania. Three texts are taken as examples: “An Internal Handbook for Organising the Work of a Regional Committee at a District/Prefecture Level of MAEI [Macedonian Alliance for European Integration]” (2009), a letter written by the villagers of Boboshtica to the Bulgarian Exarch (1873), and The “Charter of the Society of Kaynas” (2006). They make use of language in its symbolic function – the way these texts are written is almost as important as what exactly is written. These texts have been created to showcase the language and to underline its uniqueness against the background of another language or idiom, or, to put it another way, to underline through the language the special status of the people that use it. Oficjalne teksty w słowiańskich dialektach okolic Korczy w południowo-wschodniej AlbaniiArtykuł omawia oficjalne teksty powstałe w słowiańskich dialektach Albanii. Wybrano przykładowo trzy teksty: Wewnętrzne wytyczne w sprawie organizacji pracy komitetu MAEI na poziomie okręgu/prefektury (2009), list mieszkańców Boboszticy do bułgarskiego egzarchy (1873) i Statut towarzystwa „Kajnas” (2006). Te trzy teksty posługują się językiem w sposób symboliczny. To, w jakiej odmianie języka są napisane, jest równie ważne, jak ich treść. Teksty te powstały bądź po to, aby pokazać język i podkreślić jego unikalność na tle innego języka, lub po to, aby poprzez język podkreślić szczególny status ludzi, którzy się nim posługują.
The position and the status of Albanian in the Presheva Valley
Authors: Sejdiu-Rugova Lindita
Published: September 2015

The position and the status of Albanian in the Presheva ValleyThe present paper aims at describing the position and the social status of the Albanian language in the two municipalities of south-western Serbia – Preshevo and Bujanovac, where the majority of the population is Albanian, and where the Albanian language, together with Serbian is the official language on the territory of these two municipalities. The status of Albanian is dealt with by giving evidence of legal sanctions and describing the practical situation, based on application of the laws in force.In order to reflect the status of Albanian in this region more precisely, other data, mainly deriving from a survey conducted with Albanian citizens from the two municipalities. In addition essays and anonymous questionnaires with high school students from these two municipalities have been used. The Albanian language in Preshevo Valley is sanctioned as an official language at the local level, with equal use, especially in the formal domains of life, but the practical need for using Serbian as a first language is obvious and results in intolerance towards Albanian. Regardless of the fact that it is sanctioned as an equal language to Serbian, in practice Albanian is a language of second rank. Sytuacja i status języka albańskiego w Dolinie PreszewaTematem artykułu są sytuacja i status społeczny języka albańskiego w dwóch powiatach południowo-zachodniej Serbii – Preszewo i Bujanovac, w których Albańczycy stanowią większość. W obu powiatach język albański jest obok języka serbskiego jednym z dwóch oficjalnych języków. Sytuację języka albańskiego pokazano na przykładzie konkretnych prawnych sytuacji i tych faktycznych, skonfrontowanych z obowiązującymi ustawami. Przytoczono także dane z badań innych autorów, dotyczące głównie społeczności albańskiej, jak również rezultaty anonimowych ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych w obu powiatach. Język albański w Dolinie Preszewa jest formalnie drugim oficjalnym językiem o zasięgu lokalnym. Ma status języka równoprawnego, zwłaszcza w oficjalnej sferze życia, jednak oczywiste względy praktyczne sprawiają, że to język serbski znajduje się na pierwszym miejscu, spychając albański na plan drugi, mimo zagwarantowanej ustawowej równoprawności.
Grupy samogłoskowe w dialektach kosturskich
Authors: Cychnerska Anna
Published: September 2015

Vocalic clusters in the Kostur dialectsThe article presents a description of vocalic clusters, occurring in texts from the Kostur dialectal area. The basis for the analysis is 14 texts in the book Текстови од дијалектите на македонскиот јазик published by Vidoeski. Vowels constituting clusters were evaluated according to morphological position, location in the prosodic unit and the structure of the cluster.Most of the vowel combinations were recorded at the morphemic boundry, in the middle of the word. In these positions, clusters are more diverse in structure than inside morpheme. Geminates were relatively frequent in the texts. They constitute nearly 23% of all vowel sequences. Grupy samogłoskowe w dialektach kosturskichArtykuł zawiera opis grup samogłoskowych, występujących w tekstach z kosturskiego obszaru dialektalnego. Podstawą do analizy jest 14 tekstów dialektalnych ze zbioru B. Vidoeskiego Текстови од дијалектите на македонскиот јазик. Połączenia samogłoskowe zostały ocenione pod względem pozycji morfologicznej, miejsca występowania w wyrazie oraz budowy.Badania wykazały, że najwięcej kombinacji wokalicznych rejestruje się na granicy morfologicznej, w śródgłosie wyrazu. W tej pozycji różnorodność grup pod względem tworzących je elementów jest znacznie częstsza niż wewnątrz morfemu. Stosunkowo częste w tekstach były geminaty samogłoskowe. Ich udział stanowi blisko 23% wszystkich sekwencji wokalicznych.
Geminaty w językach słowiańskich
Authors: Kozyra Anna
Published: September 2015

Geminates in the Slavic languagesThe subject of the article is the occurrence of geminates in Slavic languages. Research on the frequency of geminated consonants is based on 50-page texts read by native speakers. The results did not confirm the popular opinion that the occurrence vs. lack of geminates is a typological feature differentiating Slavic languages. The study showed, however, that today typologically significant difference between Slavic languages is the one in frequency of the occurrence of geminates. Geminaty w językach słowiańskichTematem artykułu jest występowanie geminat w językach słowiańskich. Badanie frekwencji geminat na podstawie pięćdziesięciostronicowych tekstów, czytanych przez rodzimych użytkowników języka, nie potwierdziło popularnej opinii, że występowanie vs. brak geminat stanowi cechę typologiczną, różnicującą języki słowiańskie. Badanie wykazało natomiast, że dziś typologicznie istotne są różnice we frekwencji występowania geminacji.
Syllabic patterns in South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Sawicka Irena
Published: September 2015

Syllabic patterns in South-Eastern EuropeWhereas in most of the world’s languages syllable patterns are built according to the principles of sonority theory (they have the one-peak syllable pattern), in some Balkan languages, there occur deviations from the one-peak syllable pattern of a systemic nature. Such deviations occur also in the northern Slavic languages. They mainly concern the distribution of nasal consonants and appear either in the onset (Albanian) or coda (Romanian). At the very south of Europe the open syllable pattern occurs. Struktury sylabiczne południowo-wschodniej EuropyPodczas gdy zdecydowana większość języków świata preferuje tzw. sonorycznościowy (jednoszczytowy) model sylaby, to południowo-wschodnia Europa jest pod tym względem dość zróżnicowana. Odstępstwa od zasady jednoszczytowości występują w językach północnosłowiańskich. Na Bałkanach natomiast odstępstwa takie dotyczą głównie dystrybucji sonantów nosowych i występują albo w nagłosie, albo w wygłosie. Samo południe Europy (dialekty występujące na południowych częściach półwyspów Morza Śródziemnego) ma natomiast niesymetryczny model sylaby – w wygłosie wyrazów występują głównie sylaby otwarte.
“Why Gypsies and Albanians do not have their own letters”. Greek attitudes towards neighbouring languages during the 19th century
Authors: Kyriazis Doris
Published: September 2015

“Why Gypsies and Albanians do not have their own letters”. Greek attitudes towards neighbouring languages during the 19th centuryIn this article several aspects of the Greek attitudes towards neighbours’ languages during the 19th century are presented and analyzed. We believe that the decades before the Greek Revolution, known also as the period of maturity for the Modern Greek Enlightenment, deserve more of our attention and concern. The issue needs to be further investigated and the written resources from the specific time must be exhaustively researched in order for us to form a broader view of the situation. „Dlaczego Cyganie i Albańczycy nie mają własnych liter”. Dziewiętnastowieczny stosunek Greków do języków sąsiadówW artykule przedstawiono i przeanalizowano kilka dziewiętnastowiecznych greckich poglądów na temat języków sąsiadów. Zdaniem autora okres kilku dekad przed „Grecką Rewolucją”, znany również jako okres dojrzałego greckiego oświecenia, zasługuje na dogłębną analizę. Dla lepszego zrozumienia sytuacji konieczna jest kontynuacja badań pisanych źródeł tego okresu.
The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical data
Authors: Колева [Koleva] Красимира [Krasimira]
Published: September 2015

The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical dataThe topic is Balkan anthroponymy. The area is the Lower Danube – the Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary. In this contact zone there is a distribution of family names, formed from urbonyms. They signal a specific regional belonging, and they show the link with the common area: the Danube river. We are referring to family names of the type: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svishtovliev, Ruschukliev, Kalarashev, Tutrakanov, (meaning ‘from Vidin’, ‘from Calafat’, ‘from Bechet’, ‘from Svishtov’, ‘from Ruse’, ‘from Calarashi’, ‘from Tutrakan’). This phenomenon is widespread on both banks of the river. Bułgarsko-rumuńska granica językowa. Dane antroponimiczneArtykuł dotyczy bałkańskiej antroponimii w regionie dolnego Dunaju, stanowiącego bułgarsko-rumuńską granicę i jednocześnie strefę kontaktu. W tym regionie częste są nazwiska derywowane od nazw miejscowości. Sygnalizują one pochodzenie, wskazując jednocześnie na rodowód miejscowy, tj. z regionu naddunajskiego. Są to nazwiska takie jak: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svištovliev, Rusčukliev, Kalarašev, Tutrakanov (oznaczające: 'z Vidinu, z Kalafatu, z Svištova, z Ruse, z Kalaraši, z Tutrakanu'). Zjawisko to występuje po obu stronach Dunaju.