bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C
haucer: Dream Visions
Authors: Phillips Helen
Published: June 2017

The dream vision, whose potential for handling diverse subjects – religious, secular, solemn, entertaining, erotic, or didactic – made it one of the most prolific, adventurous, and inventive medieval genres, particularly suited Chaucer's multi‐layered, sophisticated poetry, which typically inhabits several worlds simultaneously, raises questions, and challenges readers' judgments, without neat answers. Earlier twentieth‐century critics, in a post‐Victorian literary era which still rated realism and the creation of rounded character as the pinnacle of narrative art, considered his four dream visions artificial, reliant on courtly love conventions, and derivative (from French and, after his Italian journeys in the 1370s, Italian models) – immature compared with the
Canterbury Tales
. Chaucer, however, is often at his most original when following literary models. Moreover, courtly love no longer seems so simple, decorative, or favorable to women. Contemporary criticism, with changed perspectives on art and narrative, sees Chaucer's dream poems as deeply complex, brilliantly innovative, and intellectually exploratory.
H
ild
Authors: Godlove Shannon
Published: June 2017

Hild (b. 614; d. November 17, 680) was a member of the Deiran royal family and a prominent abbess of the Northumbrian double monastery of Whitby. According to Bede's
Ecclesiastical History
, Whitby was an important center of learning under Hild's leadership, famed for sponsoring Cædmon, the author of the earliest recorded Old English poem, and for educating five bishops for the early Anglo‐Saxon church. Hild also played a central role in the major church controversies of her time, most notably by hosting the Synod of Whitby in 664. Hild was later canonized as a saint.
Y
storya
B
own
o
H
amtwn
Authors: Poppe Erich
Published: June 2017

Ystorya Bown o Hamtwn
(The story of Bevis of Hampton) is the Middle Welsh prose adaptation of the Anglo‐Norman verse romance
Boeve de Haumtone
. It is transmitted in two medieval manuscripts, the White Book of Rhydderch (
Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch
, c. 1350) and the Red Book of Hergest (
Llyfr Coch Hergest
, soon after 1382), and was probably translated in the second half of the thirteenth century. It reproduces the plot and the worldview of its source, but is comprehensively rewritten on the levels of narrative structure and style, in order to accommodate it to native literary conventions and the expectations of its new audience, even if from time to time the redactor replicated idioms of his source.
Connaught/Connacht
Authors: Gallagher Niav
Published: June 2017

The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 counties divided between four provinces. The smallest and most westerly of these is the province of Connaught, which in modern times is made up of five counties: Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo. It takes its name from a group of ancient septs known as the Connachta.
B
ardic Poetry,
I
rish
Authors: Hoyne Mícheál
Published: June 2017

“Irish Bardic Poetry” refers to the syllabic poetry composed in Gaelic Ireland and Scotland c. 1200–c. 1650 in an artificial literary language known today as “Classical Modern Irish.” The language of Bardic poetry is described in detail in the contemporary grammatical and syntactical Tracts compiled by the poets, as are aspects of the complex system of metrics that had evolved gradually in the centuries before 1200; these Tracts represent an extraordinary scholarly achievement and exhibit a highly developed understanding of language and metrics. Bardic poets were learned men of letters who played an influential role as propagandists and counsellors to aristocratic secular patrons. As well as praise‐poems and eulogies, the extant corpus of Bardic poetry includes religious material and some personal or light verse. Bardic poetry is acknowledged by modern‐day scholars to be an invaluable historical source for the political, social, and cultural history of Gaelic Ireland and Scotland.
Penitentials
Authors: Siemens James
Published: June 2017

Whereas the normal means of confession in the early church included the public enumeration of sin followed by absolution, as the sacrament developed in Britain from the sixth century it would come to be administered privately with penances for specific sins as prescribed in handbooks used by the priests, called penitentials. Cast by some as a prurient and so unfortunate genre of medieval literature, recent appraisals of penitentials place more store in what they reveal about the Christian understanding of forgiveness, together with the issues they reveal as having been important to the societies from which they emerged.
Theodore of Canterbury
Authors: Siemens James
Published: June 2017

After a life dedicated to learning, and at an age beyond which many would not have been expected to live, Theodore of Canterbury was appointed by Pope Vitalian to lead the Christian mission in Britain in 667, subsequently serving as archbishop of Canterbury for 22 years. In that time, he earned a reputation as philosopher, teacher, and confessor, ultimately leaving behind a deposit of learning that has only recently begun to be appreciated.
Measurement Invariance as a Basic Assumption of Method Comparisons
Authors: Alanen Erkki , Lindfors Olavi
Published: June 2017

Measurement invariance (MI) is a necessary prerequisite for the adequate comparisons of group differences or changes in measures of interest. Typically, in method comparison studies, the relationships of measurements from different measurement methods are considered in one occasion, which means that MI issues are based only on assumptions. Analyzing alternative measures over different occasions can give useful information in respect of MI. This article gives an example from the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, where the study design is used for analyzing time and group invariance in the relationships of the scores of three depression scales.
Disaster Relief Logistics
Authors: Ozdamar Linet
Published: June 2017

High‐impact disasters have become ordinary events during the past decades as human activities continue to make their mark on the environment. A disaster life cycle can be divided into three phases: predisaster preparedness phase and postdisaster response and recovery phases. Preparedness models consider mitigation decisions such as strategic warehouse and inventory prepositioning that reduce postdisaster response time. On the other hand, response models are concerned with tactical fleet size decisions and operational vehicle routing plans made for the last mile relief distribution and casualty transportation. Recovery models involve infrastructure recovery operations (road and utility networks) to restore residents' living standards in affected areas. In this article, we discuss typical preparedness and response models with uncertain features.
Robust Double Clustering
Authors: Farcomeni Alessio
Published: June 2017

Two algorithms for robust two‐mode partitioning of a data matrix are outlined. These allow to obtain row and column partitions that are resistant to contamination as provided by row‐wise, column‐wise, or entry‐wise outliers.
Estimation of lung tumor position from multiple anatomical features on 4D‐CT using multiple regression analysis
Authors: Ono Tomohiro , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Hirose Yoshinori , Kitsuda Kenji , Ono Yuka , Ishigaki Takashi , Hiraoka Masahiro
Published: June 2017

To estimate the lung tumor position from multiple anatomical features on four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) data sets using single regression analysis (SRA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) approach and evaluate an impact of the approach on internal target volume (ITV) for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of the lung. Eleven consecutive lung cancer patients (12 cases) underwent 4D‐CT scanning. The three‐dimensional (3D) lung tumor motion exceeded 5 mm. The 3D tumor position and anatomical features, including lung volume, diaphragm, abdominal wall, and chest wall positions, were measured on 4D‐CT images. The tumor position was estimated by SRA using each anatomical feature and MRA using all anatomical features. The difference between the actual and estimated tumor positions was defined as the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). A standard partial regression coefficient for the MRA was evaluated. The 3D lung tumor position showed a high correlation with the lung volume (R = 0.92 ± 0.10). Additionally, ITVs derived from SRA and MRA approaches were compared with ITV derived from contouring gross tumor volumes on all 10 phases of the 4D‐CT (conventional ITV). The RMSE of the SRA was within 3.7 mm in all directions. Also, the RMSE of the MRA was within 1.6 mm in all directions. The standard partial regression coefficient for the lung volume was the largest and had the most influence on the estimated tumor position. Compared with conventional ITV, average percentage decrease of ITV were 31.9% and 38.3% using SRA and MRA approaches, respectively. The estimation accuracy of lung tumor position was improved by the MRA approach, which provided smaller ITV than conventional ITV.
Superhydrophobic Coatings with Periodic Ring Structured Patterns for Self‐Cleaning and Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Wang Yongjin , Gong Xiao
Published: June 2017

Superhydrophobicity induced by surface micro‐ and nanostructure has many important applications in antisticking, self‐cleaning, and oil–water separation. Here, a facile method of fabricating periodic droplet structured patterns on polymer thin films is reported. Once SiO2 nanoparticles are coated on this microstructured film surface, periodic ring structured patterns are formed on the coating surface, which exhibits extremely superhydrophobic behavior with low water adhesion. The water contact angle of the coating can reach up to almost 170° and water droplet can fully rebound from the superhydrophobic surface. This work provides a facile yet robust approach to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings. Moreover, the results show that the coatings can be applicable to self‐cleaning and oil–water separation.
Aryne Insertion into σ Bonds
Authors: Asamdi Manjoorahmed , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of aryne intermediates from ortho‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates by employing a fluoride source, first reported by Kobayashi′s group, has provided a new avenue for the simultaneous construction of two sigma bonds on a benzene ring by inserting an aryne into the sigma bond in a more‐convenient manner. The generation of ortho‐substituted benzenes through aryne intermediates offers a potent scaffold for the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds, ligands, and natural products. The main aim of this Focus Review is to highlight the application of Kobayashi′s aryne precursor to the one‐pot synthesis of ortho‐substituted benzenes. Examples include transformations that employ transition‐metal catalysis and those that do not.
Bacteria‐Assisted Activation of Antimicrobial Polypeptides by a Random‐Coil to Helix Transition
Authors: Xiong Menghua , Han Zhiyuan , Song Ziyuan , Yu Jin , Ying Hanze , Yin Lichen , Cheng Jianjun
Published: June 2017

The application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is largely hindered by their non‐specific toxicity against mammalian cells, which is usually associated with helical structure, hydrophobicity, and charge density. A random coil‐to‐helix transition mechanism has now been introduced into the design of AMPs, minimizing the toxicity against mammalian cells while maintaining high antimicrobial activity. By incorporating anionic phosphorylated tyrosine into the cationic polypeptide, the helical structure of AMPs was distorted owing to the side‐chain charge interaction. Together with the decreased charge density, the AMPs exhibited inhibited toxicity against mammalian cells. At the infectious site, the AMPs can be activated by bacterial phosphatase to restore the helical structure, thus contributing to strong membrane disruptive capability and potent antimicrobial activity. This bacteria‐activated system is an effective strategy to enhance the therapeutic selectivity of AMPs.
MnO2‐Promoted Oxidative Radical Sulfonylation of Haloalkynes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: C(sp)–S Bond Formation towards Alkynyl Sulfones
Authors: Chen Pengquan , Zhu Chuanle , Zhu Rui , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: June 2017

A catalyst‐free oxidative radical sulfonylation of haloalkynes with sulfonyl hydrazides is reported. It represents an example of C(sp)−S bond formation using sulfonyl hydrazides as sulfonyl radical sources. Various alkynyl sulfones were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Having MnO2 as the oxidant is very critical for this transformation. Remarkably, the self‐coupling reaction of haloalkynes through C(sp)−C(sp) bond formation is significantly inhibited under the standard reaction conditions.
Phthalimide and Naphthalimide end‐Capped Diketopyrrolopyrrole for Organic Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Chen Ming , Du Chenchen , Ren Xiaolei , Yi Maoheng , Yi Jinduo , Chen Chufeng , Liu Feng , Li Minjie , Ma Changqi , Wang Hongyu
Published: June 2017

Two small molecules named PI‐DPP and NI‐DPP with a DPP core as the central strong acceptor unit and phthalimide/naphthalimide as the terminal weak acceptor were designed and synthesized. The effects of terminal phthalimide/naphthalimide units on the thermal behavior, optical and electrochemical properties, as well as the photovoltaic performance of these two materials were systematically studied. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) (~ ‐3.6 eV) of both molecules were intermediate to common electron donor (P3HT) and acceptor (PCBM). This indicated that PI‐DPP and NI‐DPP may uniquely serve as electron donor when blended with PCBM, and as electron acceptor when blended with P3HT, where sufficient driving forces between DPPs and PCBM, as well as between P3HT and DPPs should be created for exciton dissociation. Using as electron donor materials, PI‐DPP and NI‐DPP devices exhibited low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.90% and 0.76% by blending with PCBM, respectively. And a preliminary evaluation of the potential of the NI‐DPP as electron acceptor material was carried out using P3HT as a donor material, and P3HT:NI‐DPP device showed a PCE of 0.6%, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.7 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 1.91 mA•cm‐2, and a fill factor (FF) of 45%.
Photovoltaic Rudorffites: Lead‐Free Silver Bismuth Halides Alternative to Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Turkevych Ivan , Kazaoui Said , Ito Eisuke , Urano Toshiyuki , Yamada Koji , Tomiyasu Hiroshi , Yamagishi Hideo , Kondo Michio , Aramaki Shinji
Published: June 2017

Hybrid CPbX3 (C: Cs, CH3NH3; X: Br, I) perovskites possess excellent photovoltaic properties but are highly toxic, which hinders their practical application. Unfortunately, all Pb‐free alternatives based on Sn and Ge are extremely unstable. Although stable and non‐toxic C2ABX6 double perovskites based on alternating corner‐shared AX6 and BX6 octahedra (A=Ag, Cu; B=Bi, Sb) are possible, they have indirect and wide band gaps of over 2 eV. However, is it necessary to keep the corner‐shared perovskite structure to retain good photovoltaic properties? Here, we demonstrate another family of photovoltaic halides based on edge‐shared AX6 and BX6 octahedra with the general formula AaBbXx (x=a+3 b) such as Ag3BiI6, Ag2BiI5, AgBiI4, AgBi2I7. As perovskites were named after their prototype oxide CaTiO3 discovered by Lev Perovski, we propose to name these new ABX halides as rudorffites after Walter Rüdorff, who discovered their prototype oxide NaVO2. We studied structural and optoelectronic properties of several highly stable and promising Ag–Bi–I photovoltaic rudorffites that feature direct band gaps in the range of 1.79–1.83 eV and demonstrated a proof‐of‐concept FTO/c‐m‐TiO2/Ag3BiI6/PTAA/Au (FTO: fluorine‐doped tin oxide, PTAA: poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine], c: compact, m: mesoporous) solar cell with photoconversion efficiency of 4.3 %.
Silver Nanowires@Mn3O4 Core–Shell Nanocables as Advanced Electrode Materials for Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Zhen , Wang Heng , Cao Zhen , Zhou Tingting , An Cuihua , Zhao Yunfeng
Published: June 2017

High‐electrical‐conductivity silver nanowire (AgNW)@Mn3O4 nanocables are prepared by facile chemical precipitation and subsequent thermal treatment; these treatments are environmentally friendly, low cost, and easy for mass production. The obtained Mn3O4 nanoparticles (20–30 nm) possess many interparticle mesoporous structures. The AgNW‐supported Mn3O4 nanoparticles allow for a large exposed electroactive area, rapid ion and electron transport, and robust structural stability. In addition, it is shown that the AgNWs play a positive role in the electrochemical properties of the Mn3O4 electrode used in a supercapacitor. The AgNW@Mn3O4 electrode delivers ultrahigh specific capacitances of 203 and 111 F g−1 at 0.25 and 2 A g−1, respectively. When matched with the activated carbon (AC) anode, the AgNW@Mn3O4//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device has a wide voltage window of 1.8 V, a specific capacitance of 105 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and 94 % capacitance conservation after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the aqueous ASC device exhibits an energy density of 28 Wh kg−1 (power density of 320 W kg−1), and maintains a value of 10 Wh kg−1 as the power density increases to 9500 W kg−1, demonstrating potential for applications.
Engaging Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 triggers lipid raft‐dependent and ‐independent responses in CD4+ T‐cell lines
Authors: Lang Melissa A. , Jenkins Sultan A. , Balzano Phillip , Owoyele Adeyinka , Patel Akshay , Bamezai Anil K.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly‐6) supergene family encodes proteins of 12–14 kda in molecular mass that are either secreted or anchored to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinisotol (GPI) lipid anchor at the carboxy‐terminus. The lipidated GPI‐anchor allows localization of Ly‐6 proteins to the 10–100 nm cholesterol‐rich nano‐domains on the membrane, also known as lipid rafts. Ly‐6A/Sca‐1, a member of Ly‐6 gene family is known to transduce signals despite the absence of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. It is hypothesized that the localization of Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 with in lipid rafts allows this protein to transduce signals to the cell interior.

Methods and Results

In this study, we found that cross‐linking mouse Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 protein with a monoclonal antibody results in functionally distinct responses that occur simultaneously. Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 triggered a cell stimulatory response as gauged by cytokine production with a concurrent inhibitory response as indicated by growth inhibition and apoptosis. While production of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) cytokine by CD4+ T cell line in response to cross‐linking Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 was dependent on the integrity of lipid rafts, the observed cell death occurred independently of it. Growth inhibited CD4+ T cells showed up‐regulated expression of the inhibitory cell cycle protein p27kip but not of p53. In addition, Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 induced translocation of cytochrome C to the cytoplasm along with activated caspase 3 and caspase 9, thereby suggesting an intrinsic apoptotic cell death mechanism.

Conclusions

We conclude that opposing responses with differential dependence on the integrity of lipid rafts are triggered by engaging Ly‐6A/Sca‐1 protein on the membrane of transformed CD4+ T cells.
MRI‐based Sensors for In Vivo Imaging of Metal Ions in Biology
Authors: Allouche‐Arnon Hyla , Tirukoti Nishanth D. , Bar‐Shir Amnon
Published: June 2017

Although much is known about the diverse roles of metal ions in biology, most of the acquired knowledge was obtained with fluorescent dyes or electrophysiological approaches. However, the ability to non‐invasively monitor variation in metal ions and to assess their physiological distribution in health and disease is very limited. Recent advances in the field of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have offered new capabilities through the design and development of MRI‐responsive sensors for a wide range of applications, including the ability to sense and spatially map metal ions. Here, we briefly summarize the recent progress in the development and performance of MRI sensors designed to monitor metal ions in biology while emphasizing their in vivo uses, their limitations, and remaining challenges. Among the proposed MRI‐sensors, Zn2+ and Ca2+ responsive agents are those that have already been used in live intact subjects, and therefore, these will be emphasized here.
Sex‐Positive Assessment and Treatment Among Female Trauma Survivors
Authors: Baggett Linda R. , Eisen Ethan , Gonzalez‐Rivas Sara , Olson Lacy A. , Cameron Rebecca P. , Mona Linda R.
Published: June 2017

Sexuality and intimacy difficulties are often a part of the aftermath of sexual trauma. We argue that combining techniques from evidence‐based, trauma‐focused treatment with sex‐positive techniques used in sex therapy can best help survivors reduce trauma‐related symptoms and develop or regain comfort with their sexuality. In this article, we illustrate this approach by describing the case of a survivor of sexual assault, who completed 20 sessions of treatment that combined modules of trauma‐focused therapies, Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Prolonged Exposure (PE) with sensate focus therapy, a technique often used in sex therapy. The outcome of this case suggests that clinicians who work with sexual trauma survivors may want to consider a sex‐positive approach to conceptualizing and planning the course of treatment, to achieve optimal results.
Implementation of a fluorescence based PAT control for fouling of protein A chromatography resin
Authors: Pathak Mili , Rathore Anurag S
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Protein A chromatography fouling is accompanied by two major events, one is the loss of protein A ligands and other is fouling due to non‐specific, irreversible interactions of foulants with resin particles. This paper presents implementation of process analytical technology based control for fouling of protein A chromatography resin using a novel, fluorescence based approach. This approach enables direct, in situ measurement of protein A ligand density as well as monitoring of resin fouling during resin reuse.

RESULTS

A novel, fluorescence based process analytical technology (PAT) tool has been designed and used for screening a variety of cleaning protocols. A two‐step cleaning protocol was created using this methodology. The above mentioned fluorescence based approach was successfully used to monitor fouling and to take a decision on when to initiate cleaning. This resulted in effective maintenance of dynamic binding capacity and step yield at 50 cycles (DBC: 97% of the original value vs 65% with conventional protocols and yield: 93% of the original value vs 73% with conventional protocols) and at 200 cycles (> 90% of the original value).

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed fluorescence based approach has been effectively used for monitoring and control of resin fouling upon reuse, thereby resulting in a substantial increase in resin lifetime. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Teleultrasound: How Accurate Are We?
Authors: Rabie Nader Z. , Sandlin Adam T. , Barber Kevin A. , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Nembhard Wendy , Magann Everett F. , Lowery Curtis
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Ultrasound serves an important role in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies. Recently, there has been increased use of teleultrasound protocols. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of teleultrasound.

Methods

We conducted an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective cohort study determining the sensitivity and accuracy of teleultrasound. In addition, we evaluated the number of ultrasound examinations required to complete an anatomic survey. Only ultrasound examinations performed for anatomic surveys were included. Studies were excluded if performed before 16 completed weeks' gestation, if they had multiple gestations, or for reasons other than anatomy (eg, Doppler studies and fluid assessment). Prenatal diagnoses were compared with postnatal diagnoses obtained from a robust mandatory birth defects surveillance program that records all birth defects in the entire state, from deliveries before 20 weeks' gestation through infants up to 2 years of age.

Results

A total of 2499 studies were evaluated; 2368 were included. The teleultrasound cohort had a congenital anomaly prevalence of 5.66%. The sensitivity of teleultrasound was 57.46%; the specificity was 98.21%; and the accuracy was 95.9%. Anatomic surveys were completed after 1 visit in 82% of patients, whereas 63% and 61% of the remaining patients required 2 and 3 visits, respectively.

Conclusions

Teleultrasound for prenatal diagnosis has similar sensitivity and accuracy as the published literature for on‐site ultrasound. Further studies are needed to compare the sensitivity and accuracy within the same population and further validate this potentially cost‐saving modality.
Pregnancy and spontaneous fetal loss: A pig perspective
Authors: Bidarimath Mallikarjun , Tayade Chandrakant
Published: June 2017

Pigs have a unique, non‐invasive epitheliochorial placenta where maternal and fetal layers lay in apposition. Indentation of fetal capillaries into the trophoblasts and maternal capillaries into the uterine epithelium reduce the distance between the fetal and maternal blood, ensuring nutrient transfer for proper conceptus development. Another unique feature of pig pregnancy is conceptus‐mediated immune cell enrichment during the early stages of conceptus attachment (around gestation Day 15). This period coincides with the development of vasculature networks at the maternal‐fetal interface, which is critical for successful conceptus growth. Specific chemokines, their receptors, and chemokine decoy receptor networks coordinate this immune cell enrichment and the positioning at the maternal‐fetal interface. The recruited immune cells, in turn, adopt a specialized phenotype to support key processes of maternal‐fetal adaptations, including tolerance to the semi‐allogeneic fetus and supporting vascularization. Disturbance in coordinated cross talk between the conceptus and maternal endometrium is an important mechanism associated with spontaneous fetal loss. The exact mechanism of fetal loss is still not yet identified, although research in the last two decades point to various factors including genetics, nutrition, uterine capacity, placental efficiency, and imbalanced immune factors at the maternal‐fetal interface. In this review, we summarize some of the recent advances in endometrial immune cell functions and their regulation. We also provide insights into endometrial/placental transcriptome, microRNA biology, and extravesicular transport across the maternal‐fetal interface, as well as their potential implications in porcine pregnancy success or failure.
Nerve ultrasound shows subclinical peripheral nerve involvement in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Telleman Johan A. , Stellingwerff Menno D. , Brekelmans Geert J. , Visser Leo H.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is mainly associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Peripheral nerve involvement is described in symptomatic patients, but evidence of subclinical peripheral nerve involvement is scarce.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional pilot study in 2 asymptomatic and 3 minimally symptomatic patients with NF2 to detect subclinical peripheral nerve involvement. Patients underwent clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), and high‐resolution ultrasonography (HRUS).

Results

A total of 30 schwannomas were found, divided over 20 nerve segments (33.9% of all investigated nerve segments). All patients had at least 1 schwannoma. Schwannomas were identified with HRUS in 37% of clinically unaffected nerve segments and 50% of nerve segments with normal NCS findings.

Discussion

HRUS shows frequent subclinical peripheral nerve involvement in NF2. Clinicians should consider peripheral nerve involvement as a cause of weakness and sensory loss in the extremities in patients with this disease. Muscle Nerve 57: 312–316, 2018
Reliability of sonographic muscle thickness measurements of the thenar and hypothenar muscles
Authors: Misirlioglu Tugce Ozekli , Ozyemisci Taskiran Ozden
Published: June 2017

Introduction This study was undertaken to assess the intra‐ and interrater reliability of sonographic thickness measurements of the thenar and hypothenar muscles. Methods: The thickness of the thenar and hypothenar muscles of both hands of 15 volunteers (7 male, 8 female) were evaluated with a 4–13‐MHz linear probe by 2 examiners who were blinded to each other's measurements. Interrater reliability was then evaluated. To assess intrarater reliability, the first examiner also performed a second measurement after an interval of at least 1 day. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 31.1 ± 9.0 years. Test–retest reliability showed excellent intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.889–0.963) and substantial to excellent results for interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.692–0.937). Discussion: We found that ultrasound is a reliable method for thickness measurements of the thenar and hypothenar muscles. Muscle Nerve 57: E14–E17, 2018
Genesis of southwest vortices and its relation to Tibetan Plateau vortices
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe , Wen Min
Published: June 2017

SWVs are important summer rain‐producing systems over southwestern China, and even wider areas in eastern China when they move eastward. Based on the final analyses data (FNL) of the Global Forecasting System of the National Centers for Environment Prediction, the role played by Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) in the genesis processes of vortices in southwest China, referred to as southwest vortices (SWVs) is investigated. Since the TPVs and SWVs are most active in summer, the cases in May–August are studied. It is revealed that the TPVs moving off the Tibetan Plateau (moving‐off TPVs) can exert significant effects on the genesis of SWVs through both dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The moving‐off TPVs are favourable for the generation of SWVs through strengthening the cyclonic vorticity, convergence and ascending motion. Diagnoses of the potential vorticity budgets reveal that the condensational latent heat has the greatest contribution to the generation of SWVs. Analysis of the water vapour budget indicates that the water vapour is mainly transported from south of the genesis region of SWVs associated with strong southerlies. It is demonstrated that the southerlies and associated water vapour transport are another prominent factor affecting the genesis of the SWVs.
RNA structure, binding, and coordination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Foley Shawn W. , Kramer Marianne C. , Gregory Brian D.
Published: June 2017

From the moment of transcription, up through degradation, each RNA transcript is bound by an ever‐changing cohort of RNA binding proteins. The binding of these proteins is regulated by both the primary RNA sequence, as well as the intramolecular RNA folding, or secondary structure, of the transcript. Thus, RNA secondary structure regulates many post‐transcriptional processes. With the advent of next generation sequencing, several techniques have been developed to generate global landscapes of both RNA–protein interactions and RNA secondary structure. In this review, we describe the current state of the field detailing techniques to globally interrogate RNA secondary structure and/or RNA–protein interaction sites, as well as our current understanding of these features in the transcriptome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1426. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1426

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
Metodología de distribución de plantas en ambientes de agrupación celular
Authors: Pantoja Cielo , Orejuela Juan Pablo , Bravo Juan José
Published: June 2017

Este artículo propone una metodología para la distribución de plantas en sistemas de manufactura flexible, basada en métodos cuantitativos para agrupación de familias, formación de células de manufactura y el uso de técnicas multicriterio. Respecto a la agrupación de productos, se consideraron criterios geométricos y se usó un modelo p-mediana modificado para la creación de células. De esta forma, la distribución de planta apropiada se escogió utilizando el proceso analítico jerárquico, evaluando diferentes alter-nativas obtenidas con el modelo Quadratic Assignment Problem, que considera el número deseado de células a formar y los coeficientes de similitud empleados para la agrupación celular. La metodología propuesta se probó a través de un caso real, verificándose la conveniencia del procedimiento en una empresa colombiana del sector metalmecánico.
A History of Muslims Christians and Jews in the Modern Middle East
Authors: Sharkey Heather J.
Published: June 2017

Across centuries, the Islamic Middle East hosted large populations of Christians and Jews in addition to Muslims. Today, this diversity is mostly absent. In this book, Heather J. Sharkey examines the history that Muslims, Christians, and Jews once shared against the shifting backdrop of state policies. Focusing on the Ottoman Middle East before World War I, Sharkey offers a vivid and lively analysis of everyday social contacts, dress, music, food, bathing, and more, as they brought people together or pushed them apart. Historically, Islamic traditions of statecraft and law, which the Ottoman Empire maintained and adapted, treated Christians and Jews as protected subordinates to Muslims while prescribing limits to social mixing. Sharkey shows how, amid the pivotal changes of the modern era, efforts to simultaneously preserve and dismantle these hierarchies heightened tensions along religious lines and set the stage for the twentieth-century Middle East.
Depression and Anxiety Across the First Year After Ischemic Stroke: Findings from a Population-Based New Zealand ARCOS-IV Study
Authors: Barker-Collo Suzanne , Krishnamurthi Rita , Witt Emma , Theadom Alice , Starkey Nicola , Barber P. Alan , Bennett Derrick , Rush Elaine , Arroll Bruce , Feigin Valery
Published: June 2017

Background: Depression and anxiety are the two most frequently studied emotional outcomes of stroke. However, few previous studies have been carried out at a population level or beyond 6 months post stroke. The aim of this study was to describe depression and anxiety across the first year following incident ischemic stroke (IS), and identify predictive factors in a population-based study.

Method: The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was administered at baseline (within 2 weeks of onset), and again at 1-month, 6-months and 12-months after IS in a sample (N = 365) drawn from a population-based study.

Results: Over 75% of those assessed experienced depression or anxiety symptoms below cut-offs for probable disorder across the year post stroke. Moderate to severe symptoms for anxiety were approximately twice as likely (range 4.1%–10.6%) as compared to depression (range 2.5%–5.0%) at each assessment. The greatest improvement in anxiety occurred within the first month post stroke. In contrast, the greatest reduction in depression occurred between 1- to 6-months post stroke.

Conclusions: Anxiety symptoms in the moderate to severe range were twice as common as depression, and improved over the first month post stroke, whilst depression symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, indicating a need to target these two issues at different points in the recovery process.
With the Right Map, Survey Key Driver Analysis Can Help Get Organizations to the Right Destination
Authors: Scherbaum Charles A. , Black Justin , Weiner Sara P.
Published: June 2017

Cucina, Walmsley, Gast, Martin, and Curtin (2017) raise an important issue in evaluating whether our current approaches for key driver analysis on employee opinion survey data are indeed best practices. As has been argued elsewhere (Putka & Oswald, 2016; Scherbaum, Putka, Naidoo, & Youssefnia, 2010), there is and can be misalignment between current and best practices. We agree with Cucina et al. that our field should engage in larger discussion of these issues. That discussion is critical, as industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists are competing with those outside our field who have either little knowledge of best practices in data analysis (but who have been empowered by technology that automates the analysis) or little knowledge of psychology (but a great deal of knowledge in big data analytical techniques). I-O psychologists are in the vanguard of survey data analysis (Ducey et al., 2015), and we have a responsibility to maintain the standards of our field as well as to wield our influence to guide other practitioners outside our field on sound theoretical and analytical approaches.
Best Practice Recommendations for Conducting Key Driver Analyses
Authors: Johnson Jeff W.
Published: June 2017

In their critical review of survey key driver analyses (SKDA), Cucina, Walmsley, Gast, Martin, and Curtin (2017) contend that methodological issues limit the usefulness of SKDA and recommend that survey providers stop conducting SKDA until these issues can be overcome. I contend that many of these methodological issues are either overstated or able to be addressed through the proper application of the technique by a competent professional. In this commentary, I make recommendations for how SKDA should be applied so that methodological issues are addressed and the value of SKDA is maximized. Many of these recommendations were made in Lundby and Johnson (2006), who were cited by Cucina et al. but did not have much impact on their focal article.
Survey Key Driver Analysis: Our GPS to Navigating Employee Attitudes
Authors: Rotolo Christopher T. , Price Bennett A. , Fleck Christina R. , Smoak Victoria J. , Jean Vanessa
Published: June 2017

Cucina, Walmsley, Gast, Martin, and Curtin (2017) started an important dialogue about survey key driver analysis (SKDA). We believe that promoting more useful and valid ways to understand survey data is critical not only for the organizations we serve, but also for advancing the relevancy of our field. We use the terms useful and valid quite intentionally. “Useful” is driven by our practitioner side, but “valid” is driven by our science side. It is the science that often sets industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology apart from other fields. But in some ways, it also holds us back from being timely and relevant. Overall, we believe that the focal article erred too much on the science side.
Winning the HRM Evidence-Based Impact Award—Lessons Learned: A Conversation With Key Stakeholders to the Process
Authors: Schiemann William A. , Seibert Jerry H.
Published: June 2017

The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) and its Foundation have increasingly focused on linking science to practice, and to that end have partnered with Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) and its Foundation to create the Human Resource Management (HRM) Impact Award for firms demonstrating great practices in evidence-based human capital and management practices. Jack in the Box, the 2016 winner of this award, was so honored because of its integration of surveys and analytic models with leadership practices to understand, predict, and manage the right people drivers of important business outcomes. Instead of a research paper, we have chosen to share their story through conversational interview questions with the various stakeholders who contributed to the journey leading to the award and, in so doing, provide key lessons for others wishing to increase the impact of human capital in their organizations.
Paleoecology and ice limits of the early Fraser glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2) on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Mathewes Rolf W. , Clague John J.
Published: June 2017

Our study combines new geological and paleoecological information to reconstruct the glacial history and terrestrial paleoenvironments on Haida Gwaii during the advance phase of the Fraser glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2). At Cape Ball on eastern Graham Island, five accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages ranging from 23,200±280 to 26,650±390 14C yr BP (ca. 27,000–31,400 cal yr BP) record the earliest approach of mainland glaciers to Haida Gwaii. Abundant marine dinoflagellate cysts indicate isostatic depression by glacial ice in Hecate Strait to the east. At Mary Point on the north coast of Graham Island, similar outwash of a piedmont lobe advancing westward along Dixon Entrance preserves plant remains dated from 19,270±360 to 23,740±300 14C yr BP (22,500–28,600 cal yr BP). These sediments also contain marine indicators. Plant macrofossils, pollen, and invertebrates support the geological evidence of a proglacial environment under a colder-than-present macroclimate. Although some trees were likely present on Graham Island at this time, tundra-like plant communities dominated low-lying areas. A large area that appears to have been ice-free during this time is a portion of the continental shelf off the east coast of Moresby Island, referred to provisionally as the “Hecate Refugium.”
Effects of isoflavone-containing soya protein onex vivocholesterol efflux, vascular function and blood markers of CVD risk in adults with moderately elevated blood pressure: a dose–response randomised controlled trial
Authors: Richter Chesney K. , Skulas-Ray Ann C. , Fleming Jennifer A. , Link Christina J. , Mukherjea Ratna , Krul Elaine S. , Kris-Etherton Penny M.
Published: June 2017

Emerging CVD risk factors (e.g. HDL function and central haemodynamics) may account for residual CVD risk experienced by individuals who meet LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) targets. Recent evidence suggests that these emerging risk factors can be modified by polyphenol-rich interventions such as soya, but additional research is needed. This study was designed to investigate the effects of an isoflavone-containing soya protein isolate (delivering 25 and 50 g/d soya protein) on HDL function (i.e.ex vivocholesterol efflux), macrovascular function and blood markers of CVD risk. Middle-aged adults (n20; mean age=51·6 (sem6·6) years) with moderately elevated brachial BP (mean systolic BP=129 (sem9) mmHg; mean diastolic BP=82·5 (sem8·4) mmHg) consumed 0 (control), 25 and 50 g/d soya protein in a randomised cross-over design. Soya and control powders were consumed for 6 weeks each with a 2-week compliance break between treatment periods. Blood samples and vascular function measures were obtained at baseline and following each supplementation period. Supplementation with 50 g/d soya protein significantly reduced brachial diastolic BP (−2·3 mmHg) compared with 25 g/d soya protein (Tukey-adjustedP=0·03) but not the control. Soya supplementation did not improveex vivocholesterol efflux, macrovascular function or other blood markers of CVD risk compared with the carbohydrate-matched control. Additional research is needed to clarify whether effects on these CVD risk factors depend on the relative health of participants and/or equol producing capacity.
Power and Society in the GDR Reconsidered: Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment, 1949–1963
Authors: Coché Stefanie
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on compulsory psychiatric admissions in the early German Democratic Republic (GDR). Until 1968 there were no East German laws regulating such hospitalizations, a regulatory vaccuum filled by neither the police nor the judicial system. Instead, families made decisions in conjunction with medical personnel about sometimes unlimited stays in psychiatric institutions and clinics—a practice that calls into question popular scholarly characterizations of the relationship between state and society in the GDR. Previous research has explicitly argued that GDR citizens had agency and acted in a so-called eigensinnige manner in many areas, but has not examined this issue with regard to the sensitive practice of forced psychiatric admissions: where there was no state interest, no Eigensinn vis-à-vis authorities was necessary. This was an especially curious constellation given that psychiatric institutions were run by the East German state and that state interventions in this area had been well established under the Third Reich, as well as in the Soviet Union, which served in many areas as a model for the GDR. One might well have expected that continuing state intervention would have thus been path-dependent. This article suggests resurrecting the term Vergesellschaftung (socialization), only shortly discussed in the 1990s, as a way in which to understand the way in which agency on the part of patient families compensated for the absence of formal state regulations regarding such admissions. The term nicely captures such routine forms of compensation by East German society in areas where the state abdicated its responsibility—as was the case in the early GDR when it came to forced psychiatric hospitalizations.
Time-Varying Beta and the Value Premium
Authors: Guo Hui , Wu Chaojiang , Yu Yan
Published: June 2017

We model conditional market beta and alpha as flexible functions of state variables identified via a formal variable-selection procedure. In the post-1963 sample, the beta of the value premium comoves strongly with unemployment, inflation, and the price–earnings ratio in a countercyclical manner. We also uncover a novel nonlinear dependence of alpha on business conditions: It falls sharply and even becomes negative during severe economic downturns but is positive and flat otherwise. The conditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) performs better than the unconditional CAPM, but this does not fully explain the value premium. Our findings are consistent with a conditional CAPM with rare disasters.
TWO GREAT BANKING CRISES AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPACT COMPARED: SPAIN 1976/1977 AND 2008
Authors: Betrán Concha , Pons María A.
Published: June 2017

The 1976/1977 crisis was the most severe in Spanish history, but the losses associated with the 2008 crisis are huge. This paper compares these two great banking crises and identifies the main parallels and differences between them. Is the current crisis as severe as that of 1976? What is the impact on the banking and financial sectors? We show that the 1976 crisis is being surpassed by the 2008 crisis in terms of the decline in GDP, industrial production and unemployment, and that these two events have had at least a similar impact in terms of output gap and output loss. Finally, the financial impact measured by different financial indicators confirms the greater severity of the 2008 crisis.
Local rigidity of complex hyperbolic lattices in semisimple Lie groups
Authors: KIM INKANG , ZHANG GENKAI
Published: June 2017

We show the local rigidity of complex hyperbolic lattices in classical Hermitian semisimple Lie groups, SU(p, q), Sp(2n + 2, $\mathbb{R}$), SO*(2n + 2), SO(2n, 2). This reproves or generalises some results in [2, 9, 11, 15].