bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing a qubit POVM from quantum data
Authors: Hillery Mark
Published: August 2020

Given an ensemble of qubits, which we are told consists of a mixture of two pure states, one with probability η
0 and one with probability η
1, we want to find a POVM that will discriminate between the two states by measuring the qubits. We do not know the states, and for any given qubit, we do not know which of the two states it is in. This can be viewed as learning a POVM from quantum data. Once found, the POVM can be used to separate the remaining qubits in the ensemble into two groups, corresponding to the two states present in the ensemble. In order to find the POVM, we need more information about the possible states. We examine several cases. First, we suppose that we know that the Bloch vectors of the states lie in the x–z plane and their a priori probabilities are equal. We next keep the restriction to the x–z plane, but allow the a priori probabilities to be different. Finally, we consider the case in which the Bloch vectors of the states have the same z component.
Industry 4.0 and the future challenges for the local community to manage eco-tourism (a case study of the participatory eco-tourism management in Menipo Island, West Timor, Indonesia)
Authors: Prasetyo B D , Kurniadi R , Setyowati R
Published: August 2020

Rapid development over the past two decades has brought us to the industrial revolution 4.0 era, where mastering information technology is an absolute thing for people to run their business. This situation is undoubtedly a challenge for the eco-tourism industry that involved local communities as well. This article aims to describe the current situations of the participatory eco-tourism management conducted by the local community and their strategies in dealing with the industrial era 4.0. The study was conducted in 2018 towards local people of Enoraen Village, Amarasi Timur District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, as the actors of eco-tourism management. The data and information in this paper are obtained using a quantitative method through the structured interview using questionnaires (n=100) and qualitative methods by collecting scientific writings published in journals and proceedings. This article concludes that there is a gap between the ability of local communities to access knowledge about information technology with massive demands for the use of this technology. We suggest that the development of information technology infrastructure and internet networks must reach remote villages. Furthermore, communities need assistance from any parties in order to be able to use these accesses to support eco-tourism management in Menipo.
Conservation and breeding of natural silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in Indonesia
Authors: Agustarini R , Andadari L , Minarningsih  , Dewi R
Published: August 2020

Natural silk farming is a series of silk agro-industry activities from mulberry cultivation, silkworm maintenance, cocoon production and processing, silk spinning and weaving. Many supporting factors for the development of natural silk in Indonesia. However, the natural silk industry is getting worse with high import values. The main problem is the low quality of silkworm egg seeds. The Forest Research and Development Center (P3H) is a government agency authorized for natural silk commodity development. This study aims to describe the efforts of conservation and breeding of natural silkworm in Indonesia. The material used for conservation is the germ plasma silkworms collection owned by P3H. Whereas for breeding activities, silkworms used are produced from conservation activities. Conservation is carried out using eggs of the same type of strain in the germ-plasma, while breeding is done by crossing various types of moths. The result of conservation is the maintenance of 58 germ plasma silkworms. While breeding results are a type of hybrid caterpillar PS 01, which has a production advantage compared to commercial types CS 03. The dissemination of results such as hybrid PS 01, which has a comparative advantage needs to be improved to help overcome the problem of Indonesian silkworms.
Community adaptation to the “zero burnings” policy on peatlands: cases in Rengas Merah-Riding and Senasih Mulya-Kayu Labu, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province
Authors: Waluyo E A , Ulya N A , Nurlia A , Martin E , Rahmat M
Published: August 2020

The conversion of peat swamp forest and peatlands is generally caused by the use of fire in land preparation, which is at risk of triggering uncontrolled forest and land fires. Even though the Indonesian government has explicitly banned the use of fire in clearing peatland for agriculture since 2014, which was stated on government regulation number 71 of 2014 concerning the protection and management of peat ecosystems, people still use fire in land preparation because it is cheap. This research investigated how do the community of Rengas Merah-Riding and Senasih Mulya-Kayu Labu, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, adapt to the “zero burnings” policy? In-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using tabulation and a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicated that by the prohibition on the use of fire in land clearing, the community has tried to adapt it even though it cannot be fully implemented. The local communities of research site have alternative livelihoods without using fire, which is “bekarang” (fishing) (both site), developing edible bird nest (both site), and making “purun” mat crafts (only in Senasi Mulya-Kayu Labu). The results of the study are expected to be a valid promotion for local livelihoods without burning, as an element of community livelihoods revitalization within the framework of peat restoration programs.
Relation of groundwater level and rainfalls in the peat swamp forest, burned peatland and mixed plantation areas of Kampar Peninsula, Riau Province
Authors: Maryani  , Suryatmojo H , Imron M A , Saputra N , Saliqin D , Arfri R A , Satriagasa M C
Published: August 2020

Peatland forest in the Kampar peninsula have converted into various land uses, mainly converted to palm oil plantation. The massive conversion has decreased biodiversity, changed the hydrological cycle, and increased the peatland fire that dramatically decreased the quality of the peatland ecosystem. It is essential to understand the peatland characteristics and its hydrological cycle to develop sustainable peatland management. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of peat soil and the response of groundwater level to rainfall on burned peatland, mixed plantation and primary peat swamp forests in Siak district. The study was conducted from July to December 2018 by using a hydrometeorological station equipped with rainfall and groundwater level sensors. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were analyzed to identify the soil characteristics. The response of groundwater level to rainfall was analyzed using simple regression. The results showed that the burned peatland and mixed plantation have increased bulk density, decreased soil porosity, and caused a decrease of water infiltration. Simple regression analysis between the rainfall and the increase of GWL on the primary peat swamp forest resulted in 0.941(P)0.5106 and an R² value 0.6189, meanwhile on the burned peatland resulted in 1.2127(P)0.7818 and an R² value 0.8616, and on the mixed resulted 0.7455 in (P)0.7831 and an R2 = 0.7557.
Species diversity and threats on the habitat of Vatica javanica in the Ciangir Forest, Indonesia
Authors: Fambayun R A , Kalima T , Rachmat H H
Published: August 2020

Vatica javanica is one of the endemic dipterocarp species in Java. It is highly prioritized to be conserved and categorized as critically endangered A1cd, D ver 2.3 based on International Union for Conservation of Nature red list. There is still a lack of ecological study related to this Javan endemic dipterocarp. At the national level, V. javanica is categorized as critical EN A2cd; B2ab (ii, iii) ver.4.0. Information on the current population condition is essential to support the baseline data for the conservation effort of the species. To investigate the species diversity and threats in V. javanica’s natural habitat, we established 26 transects of 20m x 50m based on the V. javanica’ occurrence and identified all the plant species (d = >1cm) composed V. javanica’s population. V. javanica was only found at four out of 26 transects in the Ciangir forest, Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia. The result showed that the species diversity in this population was very high, Simpson diversity index (α) = 0.96. Furthermore, based on the result of the critical value index (IVI), the population was dominated by V. javanica (20.97), Ficus sp. (11.01), Eurya acuminata (11.01), Dillenia obovata (10.72), and Lithocarpus sundaicus (10.31). This study identified that natural (landslides) and human intervention (land conversion) as the major threats for the species.
Study of recovery rates of natural forest stands after logging in East Kalimantan
Authors: Susanty F H
Published: August 2020

Recovery assessment of forest conditions after disruption, especially after logging, tends to vary depending on the aspects viewed and who judges. Forests after logging will recovery through succession naturally based on the characteristics of typical carrying capacity and level of damage to the function of time. The purpose of this study is to determine the variation of recovery rates of natural forest stands after logging in different conditions and vary age after logging. The approach to assessing the recovery rate of natural forest stands after logging based on the biometric characteristic performance formulation values, as mentioned as BCP value. The BCP value was constructed and compiled based on the results of studies on permanent STREK plots in KHDTK Labanan. The BCP value is based on four crucial variables, which included: stand density, periodic increments of basal area, evenness index and species abundance. Forest stand conditions on age 1-23 years after logging, the range of BCP values are 11.99-23.48 shows a still low recovery rate. The implications of the BCP value on its four constituent components provide direction for silvicultural treatment needed in order to accelerate the increase of forest stand productivity and ecological review of its constituent biodiversity.
Population assessment of the endangered and valuable timber tree Torem (Manilkara kanosiensis) in Customary Forest of Lorulun, Yamdena Island, Indonesia
Authors: Robiansyah I , Rahadiantoro A
Published: August 2020

Torem (Manilkara kanosiensis) is a timber tree species endemic to Yamdena Island in Indonesia and the Bismarck Archipelago in Papua New Guinea. Due to its high-quality timber, the trees are harvested from its natural populations. These logging activities have put the species into the endangered category according to IUCN Red List since more than 20 years ago. In the present study, the population assessment of Torem will be conducted in the customary forest of Lorulun, Yamdena Island, Indonesia. Distance sampling using line-transect was used to assess the distribution of Torem, identify population size and structure, estimate population density, and update the conservation status of the species. The results showed Torem trees were mostly located at relatively flat areas (4.5±0.2°), with the elevation range of 81-134 m above sea level. A total of 228 individuals of Torem was located during the survey, with more than half of them (56.68%) were within 0-10 cm dbh class. The density estimate of the species was 14.8±4.4 individuals/ha. The assessment of conservation status against IUCN Red List Category and Criteria revealed that Torem was qualified for the status of Endangered A2cd, B2ab (i, ii, iv, v), C2a(i), D.
Utilization of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) by communities around Cibodas Biosphere Reserve (CBR): a recommendation for invasive alien species management and policy
Authors: Handayani A , Hidayati S
Published: August 2020

The distribution of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) in the Cibodas Biosphere Reserve (CBR) area is enormous. Controlling IAS distribution is essential to be carried out, for the high potential threat to the native plant species. Generally, IAS species invade an open area of the forest. A review has been conducted with a literature study regarding recorded data about invasive alien species and studies about the utilization of plants by communities around CBR, especially the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park area. The selected IAS list was further analyzed by using Index Cultural Significant (ICS). Recent studies concluded that 88 species of IAS spread out in the CBR area. On the other hand, many studies showed that IAS is widely used by the related communities in the CBR area. About 41 species out of 88 IAS were used by the communities, mainly for medicinal purposes. Utilisations of the medicinal plant were rooted in their traditional knowledge and culturally important for the communities’ livelihood. Additional input or recommendation for IAS management and policy in CBR was formulated by considering these conditions.
Complex agroforestry system in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park: composition and characteristics of food-producing plants
Authors: Minarningsih  , Murniati
Published: August 2020

Community access to the land of Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park has started since a long time ago. Since 1998, the community has been permitted to use the land by emphasizing the sustainability aspect. Complex agroforestry systems have been established by combining several tree crops; most of them are food-producing plants. This research was aimed to study the composition and characteristics of the food-producing plant species, canopy strata, and its regeneration rate in the context of an agroforestry system. The research was conducted at two villages; those were Bogorejo and Cilimus, located in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province, from March to November 2018. Data collection was done through field observation and structured interviews with 59 farmers as respondents who managed the grand forest parkland. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the complex agroforestry practices characterized by three canopy layers and one understorey. The mature food-producing plant species proportion was 86.85% of the total food-producing plants with plants density 735.97 individuals/ha. The density of tree crops population 847.42 individuals/ha with the highest density was found for coffee, cacao and candlenut. The existence of immature food-producing plants species was only 13.15%, indicating that the regeneration process had been initiated and conservation effort of the grand forest park still on-going.
Land conflict resolution strategy in Solok Buntu Resort, Berbak-Sembilang National Park
Authors: Nurlia A , Waluyo E A , Asmara W H
Published: August 2020

Land conflicts at Solok Buntu Resort, Berbak-Sembilang National Park (BSNP), have occurred since 1995. Land conflicts occur due to the encroachment of forest areas by the community for fish farming. Farm activities do not only damage their natural vegetation but also increase pressure upon the wildlife in the area. This study aims to find the best solution to resolve community land conflicts at Solok Buntu Resort. The study was conducted in December 2018 using qualitative methods. Field observations combined with a household interview and community discussions were conducted to examine opportunities for harmonizing between the interests of access to farm management with ecosystem sustainability based on the principles of justice, prosperity and sustainability. The results showed that migrants dominated the majority of the occupation from Lampung Province. Easy access, lack of public awareness, and economic needs had become the triggering factors of land occupation at Solok Buntu Resort. Two strategies can be done to resolve the conflict. The first is to move the community from the forest area (resettlement) to their original villages. The second is to establish collaboration between BSNP with the community to restore the conservation area.
The economic value of velvet from Timor deer captive breeding at Dramaga Forest Research
Authors: Takandjandji M , Rianti A , Sudaryo C
Published: August 2020

One product of innovations produced from captivity breeding of Timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville, 1822) is antler and called velvet. Velvet powder is the primary raw material for traditional medicines, which is commonly used in China and Korea. These products are potentially derived from economic value. This study aims to determine the production of velvet in Timor stag in captive at Dramaga Forest Research, Bogor. This study used as many as 12 individuals Timor stags, consisting of 3, 5, 7 and 9 years old classes, each of three individuals age classes. The body weight varies of Timor stags are from 35.07 ± 1.91 kg to 66.5 ± 7.37 kg. Observations were carried out during 2016-2019. The parameters observed were deer age, velvet age, body weight, velvet weight, and velvet powder weight, and the number of capsules produced. The observations show that velvet may be harvested at 60.25 ± 1.26 days. The 3, 5, 7 and 9 years old of deer produce are 364.6 ± 31.37 mg velvet powder or 12 bottles; 917.2 ± 408 grams or 14 bottles; 1,469 ± 659 grams or 49 bottles; and 1527.5 ± 265 grams or 51 bottles, consecutively. The price of velvet powder is IDR 100,000 per bottle containing 30 capsules.
Pot host and media treatments towards kayu papi’s (Exocarpus latifolius R.Br) growth
Authors: Rianawati H , Umroni A , Siswadi
Published: August 2020

Kayu papi or shrub sandalwood (Exocarpus latifolius R.Br.) is a hemiparasitic plant, member of Santalacea family which incorporated host plant on their nutrient absorption. Kayu papi is a fragrant wood that can mimic and perhaps substitute sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.). Many studies recorded that exocarpic acid derived from kayu papi is also beneficial as a tuberculosis remedy. However, the information on silvicultural techniques has only been investigated just a few times. This study aimed to examine the effect of host plants and media combination on kayu papi’s growth under the nursery condition. Kayu papi seedlings were planted with five different hosts and control (without host plant) on six different media. The parameters are the height and diameter of the seven-month kayu papi seedlings. The result indicates that host plants significantly affected kayu papi’s growth. The interaction between the host plant (Alternanthera spp.) and media combination latosol soil and manure also significantly promoted the height of kayu papi. While kayu papi grown in grumusol with Saorupus androgynous host showed the highest diameter on average. In conclusion, kayu papi seedlings indicate that host plant presence and particular media optimized their growth.
The effect of fertilizer on bambang lanang (Michelia champaca L) seedling growth in mesocarp fiber from oil palm media
Authors: Apriyanto E , Sudjatmiko S , Susatya A , Starsy D A
Published: August 2020

Palm oil mill in Indonesia disposed of 4 million tons of fibers’ waste from oil palm fruits mesocarp in 2016. The waste has excellent potential as a growing medium for seedlings. The study aimed to analyze its fertilizer effect on bambang lanang seedling growth. The study was conducted from May to August 2018, at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty, Bengkulu University. A complete randomized design was applied with seven treatments and six replications. The treatments were controlled, NPK (2 g; P1), NPK and Osmocote® (1 and 1,5 g; P2), NPK and (1.5 and 2 g; P3), Osmocote® (1.5 g; P4), Osmocote® (2 g, P5), and Osmocote® (3 g, P6). The fibers’ waste from oil palm fruits mesocarp was chosen as the media. The addition of fertilizer yielded significantly different results in height, diameter, leaf number, and dry weight of seedlings. The treatments of P1, P2, and P3 gave better result on height (30.14-33.95 cm), diameter (5.65-5.97 mm), leaf numbers (11.04-11.17 leaf), leaf width (64.22-65.86 cm2), and dry weight (1.60-2.27 g seedling−1) than other treatments (P4, P5, and P6). The seedling sturdiness ratio for those treatments was 5.36-5.70 and could be classified as good seedlings. The P2 treatment could be applied as fertilizer to improve seedlings growth in nursery.
Growth performance of sengon (Falcataria mollucana) and manglid (Magnolia champaca) at different spacing distance
Authors: Hani A , Swestiani D
Published: August 2020

Sengon (Falcataria mollucana) has rapid growth, but susceptible to pest and disease, while manglid (Magnolia champaca) has slower growth compared to sengon, but relatively more resistant. Farmers can prevent high losses by interplanting their land with sengon and manglid. This interplanting technique between sengon and manglid has not been widely known. The study was conducted in Sodonghilir Village, Tasikmalaya, West Java, from December 2015 - November 2018. Seedlings were planted with minimal height of 30 cm and planted at the beginning of the rainy season, and each seedling was tied to a bamboo stick. One month after planting, plants were given an organic fertilizer TSP (phosphorus) and urea with a ratio of 1:2, 50 gr each plant. The study used split plots design with tree species (sengon and manglid) as the main factor and spacing as sub-plots (3 x 3 m, 3 x 4 m, 3 x 5 m, and 3 x 6 m). The treatments resulted in 8 combinations with 49 plants as the observation unit with four replications. The total planted area was 1 ha. The results showed that the interaction between species and spacing had a significant effect on the growth of sengon and manglid. The results showed the highest height was shown by treatment S4 (sengon, 3 x 6 m) with a height of 297.48 cm, while the highest diameter by S3 (sengon, 3 x 5 m) with a diameter of 52.9 mm. Sengon is more productive than manglid. However, the local community prefers to plant both species (manglid and sengon) to overcome the loss of income because sengon is more prone to pest and disease compared to manglid.
Bagworm infestation on Shorea balangeran in the degraded peatland restoration plot
Authors: Asmaliyah  , Hadi E E W , Irianto R S B , Imanullah A , Bastoni  , Siahaan H , Purwanto
Published: August 2020

Restoration through re-vegetation activities is one of the solutions to recover degraded peatlands quickly. Shorea balangeran is one of the most promising species of Dipterocarpaceae that can be chosen for the degraded peatlands rehabilitation. The bagworm is one of the potential pests to damage the S. balangeran in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) regency. The objective of the study was to provide various information about bagworm insect pests on S. balangeran. Two measuring plots of 50 x 32 m laid on 2017 planted S. balangeran in agrosilvofishery based on integrated peat restoration pilot project. The variables observed were the number of attacked plants to calculate incidence and the number of attacked leaves in each observation unit (tree) using a scoring system to calculate the intensity. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive quantitatively. The results showed that there were two species of bagworm in S. balangeran. The incidence of both bagworms was quite high, but the intensity of damage was still relatively mild. However, control measures for bagworms still need to be carried out.
Diversity and abundance of arthropods inhabiting peat soil in monoculture and polyculture of balangeran (Shorea balangeran) plantation in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Utami S , Muslimin I , Kurniawan A , Azwar F , Purwanto
Published: August 2020

Arthropods have essential roles in the forest ecosystem; they act as herbivores, carnivores and detritivores in the food webs. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of arthropods inhabiting peat soil both in monoculture and polyculture plantation of balangeran (Shorea balangeran). The research was conducted in Riding Village, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra, through an observation approach with pitfall trap and sweep nets, followed by selection and morphological identification. The identified arthropods were from 10 orders, and 24 families with the highest number of individuals belonged to the Formicidae family. The arthropods were classified mostly as predators (43.64%), closely followed by phytophag (38.18%), and the rest were parasitoid (14.54%) and pollinator (3.64%). The diversity index of arthropods under balangeran plants mixed with paddy and mixed with cajuput were 0.78, 0.65, and 0.93, respectively. The highest abundance of arthropods was found on balangeran plants mixed with paddy crop. These results revealed that planting systems have significant effects on diversity and abundance of peat soil arthropods.
Modelling and assessment of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites and their laminate squeeze casting fabrication
Authors: Tu Zhiqiang , Nganbe Michel
Published: August 2020

The equibiaxial bend behavior of laminate carbon fiber fabric reinforced aluminum matrix composites is modelled and assessed. Analytical modelling and finite element analysis are comparatively investigated to study the mechanical properties, with particular focus on the elastic modulus and flexural strength. The investigation allows evaluating how far the experimental results deviate from idealized assumptions of the models, which provides insight into the composite quality and the effectiveness of the used laminate squeeze casting technique. Specifically, discrepancies shed light on the interlaminate and fiber-matrix interface bond as well as on the stability of the laminate layers during fabrication. The two model approaches are in good agreement with differences below 8%. Moreover, the models agree with experimental data in predicting an overall improvement in properties with increasing carbon fiber content up to 4.89 vol%. Overall, the composite samples outperform the model predictions, which indicates good interface bonding. However, microstructure investigations also indicate that the outperformance is partly caused by a shifting of the carbon fibers during squeeze casting closer to the later bend tensile loaded surface due to their lower density compared to aluminum. The result is higher load bearing capacity of the composites than estimated by the models that assume perfectly symmetrical composite structure. The experimental outperformance in ultimate flexural strength vanishes at higher carbon fiber contents. This is due to imperfect interlaminate and fiber-matrix interfaces where some defects such as pores, carbides and oxide particles tend to locate, leading to damage initiation and potentially interface failure.
Image denoising by transfer learning of generative adversarial network for dental CT
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed A A , Cho Myung Hye , Lee Soo Yeol
Published: August 2020

The successful development of the image denoising techniques for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) was largely owing to the public-domain availability of spatially-aligned high- and low-dose CT image pairs. Even though low-dose CT scans are also highly desired in dental imaging, public-domain databases of dental CT image pairs have not been established yet. In this paper, we propose a dental CT image denoising method based on the transfer learning of a generative adversarial network (GAN) from the public-domain CT images. We trained a generative adversarial network with the Wasserstein loss function (WGAN) using 5,100 high- and low-dose medical CT image pairs of human chest and abdomen. For the generative network of GAN, we used the U-net structure of five stages to exploit its high computational efficiency. After training the proposed network, named U-WGAN, we fine-tuned the network with 3,006 dental CT image pairs of two different human skull phantoms. For the high- and low-dose scans of the phantoms, we set the tube current of the dental CT to 10 mA and 4 mA, respectively, with the tube voltage set to 90 kVp in both scans. We applied the trained network to denoising of low-dose dental CT images of dental phantoms and adult humans. The U-net processed images showed over-smoothing effects even though U-net had a good performance in the quantitative metrics. U-WGAN showed similar denoising performance to WGAN, but it reduced the computation time of WGAN by a factor of 10. The fine-tuning procedure in the transfer learning scheme enhanced the network performance in terms of the quantitative metrics, and it also improved visual appearance of the processed images. Even though the number of fine-tuning images was very limited in this study, we think the transfer learning scheme can be a good option for developing deep learning networks for dental CT image denoising.
Screening Social Justice: Performing Reparative Shakespeare against Vocal Disability
Authors: Joubin Alexa Alice
Published: August 2020

Many screen and stage adaptations of the classics are informed by a philosophical investment in literature’s reparative merit, a preconceived notion that performing the canon can make one a better person. Inspirational narratives, in particular, have instrumentalized the canon to serve socially reparative purposes. Social recuperation of disabled figures loom large in adaptation, and many reparative adaptations tap into a curative quality of Shakespearean texts. When Shakespeare’s phrases or texts are quoted, even in fragments, they serve as an index of intelligence of the speaker. Governing the disability narrative is the trope about Shakespeare’s therapeutic value. There are two strands of recuperative adaptations. The first is informed by the assumption that the dramatic situations exemplify moral universals. The second strand consists of adaptations that problematize heteronormativity and psychological universals in liberal humanist visions of the canon. This approach is self-conscious of deeply contextual meanings of the canon. As a result, it lends itself to the genres of parody, metatheatre, and metacinema. Through case studies of Tom Hooper’s King’s Speech, Cheah Chee Kong’s Chicken Rice War, and other adaptations that thematize vocal disorders, this article identifies a common trope in reparative performances of disability in order to highlight some questions the trope raises.
Current characteristics and early functional outcome of older stroke patients: a population-based study (Dijon Stroke Registry)
Authors: Béjot Yannick , Duloquin Gauthier , Graber Mathilde , Garnier Lucie , Mohr Sophie , Giroud Maurice
Published: August 2020

Background

the ongoing growing and ageing population is associated with an increase in older patients suffering a stroke. We aimed to assess the current profile of these patients in a population-based setting.

Methods

all patients with acute stroke were prospectively identified among residents of Dijon, France, between 2013 and 2017, using a population-based registry. Characteristics and early outcome of patients were compared according to age groups.

Results

1,288 stroke cases were recorded (median age: 81.1 years, interquartile range: 66.1–86.7, 54% women). Patients aged 75–85 years and those >85 years accounted for 27.6 and 33.9% of overall cases. Increasing age was associated with a greater prevalence of vascular risk factors, pre-existing cognitive impairment and handicap, higher initial severity, more frequent cardioembolic ischemic stroke, post-stroke pulmonary infection and delirium. Only 41% of patients aged 75–85 years and 18% of those aged >85 years had a good early recovery. Compared with patients aged <75 years, patients aged 75–85 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.74–3.93, P < 0.001] and those aged >85 years (adjusted OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 4.58–11.3, P < 0.001) had an increased risk of poor post-stroke functional outcome. Among survivors, the proportion of patients discharged to home was 60% in age group <75 years, compared with 49% in patients aged 75–85 years and 29% in those aged >85 years. Thirty per cent of patients >85 years old required a long-term care institution.

Conclusion

the increasing burden of stroke in older people has major implications for future treatment strategies and need for dedicated care facilities.
Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Herroelen Pauline H , Martens Geert A , De Smet Dieter , Swaerts Koen , Decavele An-Sofie
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology tests are clinically useful to document prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. Data are urgently needed to select assays with optimal sensitivity at acceptable specificity for antibody detection.

Methods

A comparative evaluation was performed of 7 commercial SARS-CoV-2 serology assays on 171 sera from 135 subjects with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (71 hospitalized patients and 64 paucisymptomatic individuals). Kinetics of IgA/IgM/IgG seroconversion to viral N and S protein epitopes were studied from 0 to 54 days after onset of symptoms. Cross-reactivity was verified on 57 prepandemic samples.

Results

Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Orient Gene COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test showed superior overall sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay and EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined IgG/IgA showed acceptable sensitivity (>95%) vs the consensus result of all assays from 10 days post onset of symptoms. Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, and Innovita 2019-nCoV Ab rapid test showed least cross-reactivity, resulting in an optimal analytical specificity greater than 98%.

Conclusions

Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are suitable for sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 10 days after onset of symptoms.
Biospecimen Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lankes Heather A , Makhlouf Hala
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Millions of biospecimens will be collected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As learned from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), proper biospecimen handling is necessary to prevent laboratory-related infections.

Methods

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interim biosafety guidelines continue to be updated. Presented here are additional considerations intended to complement the interim guidance. These considerations draw on prior SARS recommendations and recent COVID-19 reports.

Results

SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in various biospecimen types; however, studies are needed to determine whether viral load indicates viable virus. Throughout the pandemic, biospecimens will be collected for various purposes from COVID-19 known and suspected cases, as well as presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Current data suggest the pandemic start may be as early as October 2019; thus, all biospecimens collected since could be considered potentially infectious.

Conclusions

All entities handling these biospecimens should do risk assessments in accordance with institutional policies and adhere to any guidance provided. The scientific community has a responsibility to safely handle and maintain all biospecimens collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soon, it will be imperative to convene expert working groups to address the current and long-term storage and use of these biospecimens. Ideally, worldwide guidelines will be established to protect the personnel handling these biospecimens and communities at large.
Spatial genetic structure of the invasive tree Robinia pseudoacacia to determine migration patterns to inform best practices for riparian restoration
Authors: Yaegashi Sakiko , Omura Tatsuo , Watanabe Kozo
Published: August 2020

The black locust Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinieae, Fabaceae) is a common invasive riparian tree in Japan. There are less effective management strategies to remove the tree from the riparian area because of its quickly established high population. We investigated the expansion patterns of R. pseudoacacia through sympatric (i.e. between high- and low-water channel (HWC/LWC) within a study site) and allopatric (i.e. along river corridor) dispersal in the Tama River (Tokyo, Japan). Four microsatellites were used to examine the effects of gene flow on six populations in three sites. These subpopulations showed small genetic distance (i.e. no barrier or slightly limited) and genetically mixed population structure. It indicated that both sympatric and allopatric dispersals were active. Many migrants were younger individuals (i.e. <5 years old) and were found in the LWC area. Thus, the LWC could receive more migrants than the HWC through both types of dispersals. In addition, our age and genetic structure analyses reveal that recruited individuals likely settled immediately after the clearing project of R. pseudoacacia through sympatric dispersal. It appears that the migration by allopatric dispersal occurred following this. For the effective management of R. pseudoacacia, migrants should be removed regularly following initial removal of invaders during site restoration.
A lab in the field: applications of real-time, in situ metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Latorre-Pérez Adriel , Pascual Javier , Porcar Manuel , Vilanova Cristina
Published: August 2020

High-throughput metagenomic sequencing is considered one of the main technologies fostering the development of microbial ecology. Widely used second-generation sequencers have enabled the analysis of extremely diverse microbial communities, the discovery of novel gene functions, and the comprehension of the metabolic interconnections established among microbial consortia. However, the high cost of the sequencers and the complexity of library preparation and sequencing protocols still hamper the application of metagenomic sequencing in a vast range of real-life applications. In this context, the emergence of portable, third-generation sequencers is becoming a popular alternative for the rapid analysis of microbial communities in particular scenarios, due to their low cost, simplicity of operation, and rapid yield of results. This review discusses the main applications of real-time, in situ metagenomic sequencing developed to date, highlighting the relevance of this technology in current challenges (such as the management of global pathogen outbreaks) and in the next future of industry and clinical diagnosis.
Acknowledging Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Treatment Utilisation Amongst Israeli Bedouin and Jewish Combat Veterans
Authors: Shorer Shai , Caspi Yael , Goldblatt Hadass , Azaiza Faisal
Published: August 2020

Many veterans coping with combat-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refrain from seeking psychological treatment. We explored the nature of illness recognition and treatment utilisation in two different cultural groups of Israeli veterans—Bedouin and Jewish. Using qualitative research methods, we interviewed twenty veterans dealing with PTSD (ten Bedouin and ten Jewish) and ten mental health professionals. Participants shared their experiences of symptoms, the ways they coped, and their perception of the costs and benefits of psychological treatment. Two main themes emerged: (i) ‘Veterans’ Perceptions of Their Mental Injury’. In stark contrast to their Jewish counterparts, Bedouin participants described extreme lack of understanding regarding the relationship between their exposure to combat trauma and their distress; (ii) ‘Veterans’ Perceptions of the Mental Health Services’. Bedouin veterans expressed fear of the stigma associated with PTSD and its detrimental social implications, for them and their families. Jewish veterans emphasised the beneficial and informative role of therapy. The findings underscore the impact of different cultural codes on help-seeking behaviours and on the ability to benefit from psychological treatment. It is recommended that mental health practitioners consider cultural backgrounds and individual differences when implementing trauma interventions, to fine-tune their suitability to veterans facing excessive barriers to care.
Mixtures of Sweeteners and Maltodextrin Enhance Flavor and Intake of Alcohol in Adolescent Rats
Authors: Sardarian Alice , Liu Sophia , Youngentob Steven L , Glendinning John I
Published: August 2020

Sweet flavorants enhance palatability and intake of alcohol in adolescent humans. We asked whether sweet flavorants have similar effects in adolescent rats. The inherent flavor of ethanol in adolescent rats is thought to consist of an aversive odor, bitter/sweet taste, and burning sensation. In Experiment 1, we compared ingestive responses of adolescent rats to 10% ethanol solutions with or without added flavorants using brief-access lick tests. We used 4 flavorants, which contained mixtures of saccharin and sucrose or saccharin, sucrose, and maltodextrin. The rats approached (and initiated licking from) the flavored ethanol solutions more quickly than they did unflavored ethanol, indicating that the flavorants attenuated the aversive odor of ethanol. The rats also licked at higher rates for the flavored than unflavored ethanol solutions, indicating that the flavorants increased the naso-oral acceptability of ethanol. In Experiment 2, we offered rats chow, water, and a flavored or unflavored ethanol solution every other day for 8 days. The rats consistently consumed substantially more of the flavored ethanol solutions than unflavored ethanol across the 8 days. When we switched the rats from the flavored to unflavored ethanol for 3 days, daily intake of ethanol plummeted. We conclude that sweet and sweet/maltodextrin flavorants promote high daily intake of ethanol in adolescent rats (i.e., 6–10 g/kg) and that they do so in large part by improving the naso-oral sensory attributes of ethanol.
Inoculation Age of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Tokyo-172 Strain and Vaccine-related Adverse Reactions in Taiwan Birth Cohort of 2012–2017
Authors: Huang Wei , Chiu Nan-Chang , Chi Hsin , Huang Fu-Yuan , Huang Ching-Ying
Published: August 2020

Background

In 2016 in Taiwan, inoculation with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Tokyo-172 vaccine was postponed from 24 hours after birth to 5–8 months of age. We reviewed BCG-induced adverse reactions reported to the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) to identify differences between early and delayed BCG inoculation.

Methods

Clinical presentations of BCG-related adverse reactions reported to VICP for the 2012–2017 birth cohort were reviewed until the end of 2019. The correlations between inoculation age and complications were evaluated.

Results

We analyzed 233 BCG adverse reactions, including regional lymphadenitis (33.9%), injection site reactions (35.2%), osteitis/osteomyelitis (27.9%), and distant soft tissue infections (3.0%). The incidence of osteitis/osteomyelitis was lower when vaccination was done after 5 months of age (relative risk [RR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], .16–.64). Injection site reactions (RR, 8.82; 95% CI, 5.04–15.44) and lymphadenitis (RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.44–3.45) were significantly more common in vaccinees older than 5 months. Shorter onset durations of mild adverse reactions (lymphadenitis and injection site reactions) were reported in vaccinees older than 5 months, while no statistical significance was found regarding osteitis/osteomyelitis.

Conclusions

Osteomyelitis and distant soft tissue infection may occur less frequently when BCG inoculation occurs after 5 months of age, although mild adverse reactions can be more frequent, symptom onset times can be shortened. As few severe reactions might occur more than 2 years after BCG inoculation and the policy of delayed BCG inoculation was implemented in 2016, a longer observational period is needed to clarify the exact severe complications decrement.
Top management gender diversity and performance: in search of threshold effects
Authors: Gong Yundan , Girma Sourafel
Published: August 2020

The impact of gender diversity on business performance has been featured prominently on the agenda of many politicians and business leaders in recent years. However, empirical results of the impact of gender diversity on firm performance have been ambiguous. This paper contributes to the literature by using propensity score-based estimation techniques on a large sample of UK firms to analyse the performance effect of appointing a first female board director. We look at financial and non-financial performance indicators and document significant effects on firm growth and labour cost efficiency, but rather fragile ones on accounting returns, such as profitability. We also document evidence of another threshold effect; namely, gender diversity appears to have its highest impact (its ‘ceiling’) when the proportion of female directors is approximately 30%. Carrying out a sensitivity analysis, we conclude that hidden bias must be implausibly high to be able to attribute the beneficial effects of boardroom gender diversity to unmeasured confounding.
Right versus left heart reverse remodelling after treating ischaemic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Elgharably Haytham , Javadikasgari Hoda , Koprivanac Marijan , Lowry Ashley M , Sato Kimi , Blackstone Eugene H , Klein Allan L , Gillinov A Marc , Svensson Lars G , Navia José L
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES

Repair outcomes of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) associated with ischaemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) are inferior to functional TR in terms of TR recurrence and right ventricular (RV) reverse remodelling. Our objective is to analyse right versus left heart reverse remodelling after surgery for IMR-associated TR.

METHODS

From 2001 to 2011, 568 patients with severe IMR underwent mitral valve surgery (repair 87%, replacement 13%), and 131 had concomitant tricuspid valve repair. Median follow-up was 3.0 years; 25% of living patients were followed up for 6.3 years. Longitudinal analysis of 1527 follow-up echocardiograms was performed to assess ventricular reverse remodelling and function.

RESULTS

Unlike the left heart, the right heart failed to reverse remodel (failed to recover ventricular function or halt dilatation). During follow-up after surgery, the right ventricle continued to dilate while the left ventricle regressed in size. RV ejection fraction decreased (46% at 1 month and 44% at 5 years), while left ventricular ejection fraction increased (33% and 37%, respectively). RV strain showed early (−11% at 1 month) and late (−12% at 5 years) dysfunction. Patients who underwent tricuspid valve repair had worse RV function. Mitral regurgitation remained stable after surgical intervention, and TR gradually recurred (37% moderate, 20% severe at 7 years).

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical treatment of IMR and TR along with revascularization failed to induce reverse remodelling of the right heart. These findings warrant further investigations to identify optimal timing and approach of intervention for IMR-associated TR with respect to RV remodelling.