bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Anti-Fouling of Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Flow in Cooling Water Pipes of Staves
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ma Zhi Lei , Bo Qing Xuan , Wang Li Kun , Gao Li Li
Published: November 2011

To solve the hard problem that the reduction of heat transfer efficiency on the cooling stave of blast furnace due to fouling deposition, solid particles have been added into the cooling water pipes, forming liquid-solid two-phase flow, which can change the heat transfer and anti-fouling capacities of the cooling water pipes. Under the different solid phase volume scores, the heat transfer and anti-fouling capacities of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the cooling water pipes are studies. The results indicates that because of the perturbation and shearing effect of solid phase particles, not only can the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer capacity of the cooling water pipes be enhanced, but also the anti-fouling capacity be increased. Thus the highly effective running time of the equipment is greatly extended, realizing the long-term highly effective running of the cooling staves. The blast furnace cooling stave as heat exchange equipment, its heat transfer effects has the very important influence to blast furnace's life. In order to enhance cools wall's cooling capacity, the domestic and foreign scholars around material quality [1], structure optimization [2-4], dirt cleaning of water pipe [5], heat-transfer property [1] of the cooling wall and so on to do the massive fruitful research work. At present, the fouling cleaning of blast furnace stave cooling water pipe wall is still a difficult problem. The high-pressure water washing and sand washing methods are commonly used in industrial practice, these are "doctors after the disease first" and low efficiency methods. The effect removing dirty stuff is not very ideal. The cleaning effect of on-line chemical cleaning is difficult to guarantee. Liquid-solid fluidization cleaning technology can be used in the blast furnace to cool the cooling water pipe wall. It can on-line clean fouling and strengthen heat transfer. Its anti-fouling performance has been studied experimentally.
Temperature Calculation on Phase Lead Connecting Structures of 1100MW Generator Stator Parallel Rings
Authors: Wei Yan Fei , Qi Le , Wang Ting Shan , Wang Jian Ping , Xian Zhe Long , Liu Rui Li
Published: November 2011

The temperature rise of generator components has a great impact on operation performance for large turbine generator. In this paper, applying the general FE calculation software-ANSYS, with a sequential electromagnetic-thermal field coupling calculation method, temperature calculation on phase lead connecting structures of 1100MW nuclear power turbine generator parallel rings is presented. The calculation results could offer a basic analysis to optimize the design of the generator.
Fiber Optic Dynamic Light Scattering Systems
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Wei , Shen Jin , Tan Bo Xue
Published: November 2011

The fiber optic dynamic light scattering has become an important technique in applied science for analysing the particle size. This paper reviews these fiber optic dynamic light scattering systems. It analyses the theory of measurement and indicates the structural features of every system. Then this paper discusses the development tendency of the fiber optic dynamic light scatterin systems.
Optimal Control of the Industrial Furnace System
Authors: Tang Xin Tong , Cai Chang Qing
Published: November 2011

Control system of industrial furnace is optimized based on the aspect of the combustion. General goal of the control system is to achieve the lowest fuel with the constraints of ensuring the target control temperature of the equipment. And in different output and different fuel quantity conditions, the air-fuel rate is automatically optimized to achieve the goal of energy consumption combined with gas temperature of furnace temperature, oxygen and many parameters.
The Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Plated Samples with Blackish Green Passivation Film
Authors: Cao Yu Bao
Published: November 2011

The corrosion resistance of blackishgreen passivation films on zinc-plated steel sheet was studied by polarization curve measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and neutral salt spray test. The passivated sample featured a more positive corrosion potential and much lower corrosion current density as compared to non-passivated sample in 5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution. The Nyquist plots of the samples with and without passivation were characterized as two complete capacitive arcs, indicating that the corrosion is controlled by electrochemical process. The radii of capacitive arcs of the passivated sample are larger than those of non-passivated sample, because the passivation film formed on the sample surface increases the reaction resistance in corrosion process, thus the corrosion resistance of the sample is improved. The anti-white rust time of the passivation film in neutral salt spray test is 400 h.
Study of XLPE Cable Materials Impurity Detecting Based on CCD Technology
Authors: Tang Shu Hong
Published: November 2011

In order to improve the present accuracy and speed of XLPE cable materials impurity testing, we set up the impurity testing system using the TCD132D chip and design the hardware driving circuits. Process the acquisition data using the virtual oscilloscope DSO2902. The method can discriminate whether the impurity particles exist or not effectively. The result shows that this system can measure the size of impurity particles of XLPE cable materials correctly, it also can find out the accurate location and numbers of impurity particles. The resolving power of this method can reach 20 µm and the error is less than 10%.The possibility that the impurity particles can be checked out is up to 100%.
Indoor Localization System Based on an Ultrasonic Sensor Network
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shi Shao Li , Sun Ying Ying , Tian Yang
Published: November 2011

This paper proposes an ultrasonic localization system, which adopts ultrasonic sensors to set up a network and realizes the information interactively with control center via 485 Bus. Using TDOA algorithm realizes the localization in indoor environment, and proposes a method to gain node information, on the basis, we can get a higher degree of response speed and accuracy of the system. Take an experiment by constructing an indoor localization test terrace, to prove feasibility of the theoretical.
Effect of Coupling Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Flour and Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Cai Hong Zhen , Yi Wei Ming , Bai Xue Yuan
Published: November 2011

The possibility of using coupling agents for crosslinking composites of wheat straw flour and polyethylene was investigated. The wheat straw flour /polyethylene composites were produced by means of extrusion in order to determine the influence of coupling agent on the mechanical properties of the composites.
Control System Design and Data Communication Realization of Road Accelerated Loading Test Equipment
Authors: Zhang Ji Wei , Wang Xu Guang , Guan Zhi Guang
Published: November 2011

Road accelerated loading test equipment is an important device for making road surface test under dynamic load action, and making test and evaluation on road structure and road surface material. The paper analyzes structure and working principle of road accelerated loading test equipment, mainly researches hardware circuit design of control system. In order to realize real-time display of operational parameters, data communication between PLC and single chip microprocessor uses free port communication mode. The paper mainly introduces communication protocol and its realization method, and proposes partial key programs. Operation of road accelerated loading test equipment indicates the equipment has reliable operation, the control system has stable working, and the data communication system is simple and practical.
Study on Dispersion Behaviors of Oolitic Hematite Ultrafine Particles in Water
Authors: Niu Fu Sheng , Liu Shu Xian , Zhang Jin Xia , Nie Yi Miao
Published: November 2011

The fine oolitic hematite ore (＜20μm) is easily covered by the ore slime, therefore, it is processed very difficultly with traditional crafts, for example, gravity treatment, magnetic separation, and flotation. The tiny iron ore is unable to recycle effectively, bring about a large of useful minerals running off. It is indicated that the selective flocculation is effective separation craft in many research works. The good dispersion of fine particles is the selective flocculation essential condition, the excessive dispersion will destroy the selective flocculation, at the same time it can be influenced by the water quality, pH, the mixing time, the shear rate and the dispersing agent use level. In this article, to oolitic hematite ore, the chemistry dispersion research is conducted to provide the foundation for further selective flocculation separation.
The Technology and Equipments for Producing Gesso Blocks in a Wet Environment by Directly Using Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Han Ling Cui , Wang Yong Chang
Published: November 2011

The process ,directly using desulfurization gypsum to produce gesso block in a wet environment ,is $irect to produce α-half water gesso ,directly used to gel pulverized coal , through the block automated production line to produce on the lightweight partition materials which are in large demand at the market. The complete set of technology and equipment needs less investment and saves energy .This technology integrates the two major industrial wastes to get new wall materials and change waste materials into things into things of valu.
Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic Activity of CeVO4/TiO2 Nanocrystalline Heterojunction under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Huang Han Jie , She Wen Long , Huang Hai Peng
Published: November 2011

A visible-light-driven CeVO4/TiO2 photocatalyst with nanostructured heterojunction has been successfully prepared by a simple coupled method. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The visible light-induced photocatalytic activities were evaluated by decomposing benzene in gas phase. The result showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited efficient photocatalytic activities with high photochemical stability under visible light irradiation.
Effect of Thickness on the Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Stent
Authors: Sabir Muhammad Iqbal , Liu Er Bao , Li Zhen , Zheng Yu Feng , Li Li
Published: November 2011

Magnesium stands for a very attractive material for biodegradable stents because of its natural process and its steady disintegration into the human body by a corrosion process. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of the thickness on mechanical properties of the magnesium stent design. A nonlinear transient finite element simulation has been performed to analyze the influence of various thicknesses (from 50µm to 110µm with the increment of 30µm) on the behavior of a magnesium coronary stent. The model was constrained symmetrically to ensure that any virtual rigid movement does not occur during the process of coronary stent expansion. The transient load is applied in three steps in the inner surface of the stent. Four mechanical properties are studied by mathematical modeling with determination of: (1) stent deployment pressure; (2) the intrinsic elastic recoil of the material used; (3) the stent longitudinal recoil; (4) and the stress maps. The results indicate the potential application of magnesium stent and the effect of the thickness on the behavior of magnesium stent design and material.
Robust State-Feedback Controller Design for Uncertainty Singular Systems
Authors: Liang Li Ming , Weng Fa Lu , Ding Yuan Chun
Published: November 2011

In this paper the problem of robust stability and stabilization of a class of uncertain singular Systems with uncertainties in both the derivative and state matrices is studied. By using a parameter dependent Lyapunov function, we derive the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based sufficient conditions for the stability and stabilization of the system. By solving these LMIs, the robust controller is derived. Finally, the numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed theorems.
Parametric Optimization of PMEDM Process with Chromium Powder Suspended Dielectric for Minimum Surface Roughness and Maximum MRR
Authors: Garg Rajiv Kumar , Ojha Kuldeep
Published: November 2011

In this article, parametric optimization for material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) study on the powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) of EN-8 steel has been carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to plan and analyze the experiments. Average current, duty cycle, diameter of electrode and concentration of micro-nickel powder added into dielectric fluid of EDM were chosen as process parameters to study the PMEDM performance in terms of MRR and SR. Experiments have been performed on newly designed experimental setup developed in laboratory. Most important parameters affecting selected performance measures have been identified and effects of their variations have been observed.
Characterization of Feedstocks for Injection Molded SiCp-Reinforced Al-4.5 wt.%Cu Composite
Authors: Udomphol Tapany , Inpanya Benchawan , Chuankrerkkul Nutthita
Published: November 2011

Characterization of feedstocks for powder injection molding of SiCp-reinforced aluminium composite, as potential use for automotive and light-weight applications, has been studied in this research. Al-4.5 wt.% Cu powder, SiCp and polymeric binder were pre-mixed and compounded using a twin screw extruder at 170oC prior to powder injection molding at 170 oC. Effects of varied solid loadings at 52, 55 and 58% on green properties of the feedstocks have been investigated. Experimental results showed that compounding followed by powder injection molding allowed uniform distribution of SiCp surrounding the aluminium powder. It was found that higher solid loading improved bulk density while hardness values were observed to be similar. Molded specimens of 55% solid loading provided the optimum bend strength and strain at failure. Moreover, it was observed that the opposing abrasive property with angular shape of SiCp resulted in SiCp scratching effect, leading to irregular surface of aluminium powder after injection molding. This consequence and molding porosity were expected to be responsible for relatively low density of the molded specimens, giving the difficulty in molding at higher solid loading.
Numerical Investigation of Hollow Metal Cross Section Profiles on Impact
Authors: Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Omar Badrul , Shukri Shamsir
Published: November 2011

A front bumper of a car is attached to the main vehicle structure by using hollow metals. This paper investigates various cross section profiles that can be used as bumper attachments. Several cross section profiles with the same circumscribe are firstly selected, i.e. round, square, triangular and hexagonal shape cross sections. Each model is then numerically impacted in an axial mode as if it is crashed into a rigid wall with an impacting velocity of 10 m/s or equivalent to 36 m/s. A dynamic-explicit open source software Impact is employed to do the simulation. The displacement results are monitored in the first 1:8ms then compared to the models that can absorb better showing the less displaced in certain examination nodes. The results shows that the triangle cross section performs better compared to other cross sections.
Effect of TiO2 on Optical Properties of PMMA: An Optical Characterization
Authors: Patel Gaurang , Sureshkumar M.B. , Patel Purvi
Published: November 2011

The transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance of PMMA/TiO2 composites, in different weight percentage of TiO2, prepared by a solution cast technique are investigated. The Optical transmission and UV-VIS absorption spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range 200nm-800nm for different compositions of TiO2 doped PMMA polyfilms. The absorption coefficient, optical (Direct/Indirect) energy gap, Refractive index, Optical Dielectric constant, Constant B, ratio of carrier concentration to the effective mass have been evaluated. The effects of doping percentage of TiO2 on these parameters have been discussed and behaviors of all parameters are investigated.
Variation of Optical Band Gap Width of PVA Films Doped with Aluminum Iodide
Authors: Abdullah Omed Ghareb , Hussen Sarkawt Abubakr
Published: November 2011

Polymer composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Aluminum Iodide have been prepared by solution cast method for different doping concentrations. The absorption of pure and doped films have been investigated in the visible and ultraviolent wavelength regions. It was found that the optical absorption is due to direct and indirect transitions, and the optical energy gaps values shifted to lower energies on Aluminum Iodide doping concentration for all transitions, while the band edge width of the tail localized states increase with increasing Aluminum Iodide concentration. The band gap of all films shows to be decrease after thermal treatment. The optical constants refractive index n, extinction coefficient k, the complex dielectric constant have been also calculated. The dielectric constant increased in the composite samples as compared with the pure PVA sample prepared by the same method.
Effect of the ZnO Rods Growth Time to the Conductivity of ZnO Thin Film Combined with N3 Dye
Authors: Ghapur Engku Abd Engku Ali , Dhafina W.A. , Hasiah S. , Ali N.A.N.
Published: November 2011

In this work, ZnO nanorod has been grown by hydrothermal solution method. The samples were prepared by two stages. The first stage was seeding process where the ZnO nanoparticles are spin-casted onto ITO coated glasses and the second stage was hydrothermal process. The morphology of nanorods were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and different of length and diameter of nanorods with different growth durations have been observed. The differences of diameters and aspect ratio of nanorods have affected the optical and electrical properties of the ZnO-coated thin film with dye due to its surface area and morphologies of growth rod. Aspect ratio of ZnO nanorods increases by increasing the reaction time (growth time). From the band gap energy study, the thin film with the longest ZnO nanorods growth time has the lowest band gap energy (3.55 eV). The higher aspect ratio of the nanorod affected the conductivity, by increasing the conductivity when combined with N3 dye.
Microstructure and Friction and Wear Properties of the Composite Material of TiC/7075 in Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Xu Ping , Liu Hui Min , Liu Xiang Dong , Wang Feng
Published: November 2011

The research is conducted to analyze the micro structure of TiC/7075, a composite material and to study its wear properties. TiC/7075 composites produced under different sintering temperatures and with different particle contents are prepared with the help of the powder metallurgy technology. The result shows that with the increase of the TiC content, the microstructure of TiC/7075 composites tend to have the form of equiaxed crystal. The microstructure of the composite material with 8% of TiC shows the uniform and fine properties, making it have the properties of the equiaxed crystal. The hardness and the wear resistance increase with the increase of the content of TiC. Also with the increase of the sintering temperature, the sharp edge of the hole becomes smooth. The wear resistance of TiC/7075 composites is superior to 7075 matrix alloy, and the wear mechanism of TiC/7075 composites is adhesive wear and abrasive wear.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ti1-XAlxN Studied by Ab Initio
Authors: Tan Xin , Li Yu Qing , Liu Xue Jie , Xie Yan Hui
Published: November 2011

Ti1-xAlxN films have been shown to exhibit superior mechanical and thermal properties and are thus widely used for industrial applications. We have studied the structural and mechanical properties of fcc-TiN and fcc-Ti1-xAlxN solid solution (x=0.25 and x=0.5), using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory. These calculations provide the lattice parameter, total energy, cohesive energy, elastic constants, etc, of the TiN lattice and when Al atoms replace Ti atoms in the TiN lattice. With regard to the cohesive energy of TiN and fcc-Ti1-xAlxN, we can obtain that the fcc-Ti1-xAlxN is metastable. Via comparation and analysis, it’s shown that the lattice parameter, cohesive energy and elastic constants decrease with increasing the content of Al. However, ductile behavior is promoted by Al addition.
Properties and Sintering Mechanism of Lightweight Sludge-Flyash-Clay Ceramics
Authors: Yue Min , Yue Qin Yan , Qi Yuan Feng , Gao Baoyu , Yu Hui
Published: November 2011

This study investigated the properties of lightweight sludge-flyash-clay ceramic by different sintering temperature. Different ratios of dry sewage sludge and fly ash with 50 wt% of clay were mixed and pressed into raw pellets. After drying and preheating treatment, the raw pellets were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1050 to 1150 °C, in 25 °C increments for 10 min. The physical properties (bulk density, grain density, water absorption and rate of expansion) were the indexes used to determine the technical parameters for the preparation of lightweight sludge-fly ash ceramic pellets. The results suggested that temperature was the key control factor of sintering process, and 1150 °C was the starting point of the bloating reaction. In the case of a small fraction in the raw material configuration, the mass ratios of sludge to fly-ash had little effect on the properties.
Technology Research on Waterworks Sludge for Ceramsite
Authors: He Jun , Wang Qi Shan
Published: November 2011

On the basis of analysis of the component of the sludge from Lingzhuang waterworks and the technological process was studied which use the sludge for raw material to produce the sludge ceramsite. Through a lot of experiments, the several factors affecting the nature of ceramsite were developed and the technological parameters were confirmed. A performance test of the ceramsite shows that when the optimized temperature is 1130°C~1170 °C, the optimized baking time is 5 min, strength of tube pressure of the ceramsite is 8 MPa, bulk density of it is 1200 kg/m3compressive strength of concrete blocks is 40 MPa. So the products could meet the demand on high strength ceremsite. It is gained that the way of waterworks sludge for ceramsite is feasible and can bring certain economical profits, social profits and environmental profits. The products can be used widely to load bearing structure in construction profession.
The Accuracy Analysis on the External Circular of Zirconia Ceramic Spindle by Precision Machining
Authors: Lu Feng , Chen Shi Chao , Zhang Ke , Wu Yu Hou
Published: November 2011

The high-speed ceramic electric spindle is applied in high-speed NC machine tools. Now the technology of ceramic spindle with its excellent performance applied to electric spindle is becoming a kind of important development trend. Each surface processing accuracy requirement of high-speed ceramic electric spindle is high. The performance of the electric spindle in largely determines machining precision and production efficiency of the high-speed machine tool. In order to meet the requirements of high speed, high accuracy, high reliability and small vibration in the rapid processing of machine tool, it is necessary to make a rigorous precision testing for the precision-processed spindle and obtain reliable data to meet the design standards and performance requirements of all ceramic high-speed spindle. This paper focuses on the research of surface roughness, roundness and cylindricity analysis of spindle external circular, which can make the precision-processed zirconia ceramic spindle pore to meet the design requirements and provide reliability safeguard to promote the using life and high-speed dynamic balance stability of the whole electric spindle.
Preparation of Self-Releasing Glaze Ceramic Materials Utilizing Red Mud
Authors: Qin Shuo , Wu Bo Lin , Zhao Shiao , Ma Cong Chang , Hu Zu Sheng
Published: November 2011

Red mud is the main solid residue generated during the production of alumina by means of the Bayer process. In order to expand the comprehensive utilization field of red mud and develop new ceramic products with low radioactivity utilizing red mud, the exploration of preparing self-releasing glaze ceramic materials using red mud as raw material was carried out. During the exploration, the self-releasing glaze ceramic materials with low radiation level were produced by normal pressure sintering process using the main ingredients of red mud, red sandstone, barium carbonate and ball clay. The properties of the self-releasing glaze ceramic samples were investigated by the measurements of mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and radiation measurement. The results show that the self-releasing glaze ceramic materials have good mechanical properties (the bulk density, 3.10 g/cm3; the compressive strength, 78.00 MPa). Adding barium carbonate to the raw materials and then calcine them to ceramics, which can extend the sintering temperature range and the radioactivity level of the self-releasing glaze ceramic materials can be reduced to that of the natural radioactive background of Guilin Area, Karst landform (the average 60 Total/Timer).
Rotor Design for High Speed PM Machine Based on Riccati Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Wang Ji Qiang , Wang Feng Xiang
Published: November 2011

The rotor under study is a PM rotor of a synchronous machine intended for operation at 60 000 rpm. It is well known that design of high speed permanent magnetic (PM) rotor is quite different from that of a normal PM rotor. The determination of the rotor structure and dimensions must take consideration of the strength, stiffness and the magnetic properties of the PM rotor. Based on the Riccati transfer method, the dynamic model of the rotor-bearing system has been established. Then the supporting stiffness of the magnetic bearing is estimated and the PM rotor’s critical speeds and the corresponding vibration modes have been found. A prototype has been built and some test results proved the correct of the calculation.
A New Method for Designing the Size of Energy-Storage Capacity in Grid-Connected Wind Farm
Authors: Yu Shen Hang , Sun Ying
Published: November 2011

Wind power is one of the cleanest and safest of all the renewable commercial methods of generating electricity. However, wind energy is difficult to use due to its stochastic variability. Energy storage can overcome the main drawback, allowing energy production to match energy demand. In this paper a new method is proposed to determine the Energy-storage Capacity in Grid-connected Wind Farm. Based on characteristic function of wind power output in wind farm, the method designs the minimum required storage capacity of the wind farm and realizes the stable output and the scheduling of wind farm. The results of this paper demonstrate the leading role of a well-optimized design for technical and economic viability of such systems.
A Study of Phase-Locked Technology of Wind Power Generation Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter
Authors: Fan Sheng Wen , Zheng Chun Yu , Li Zheng Xi , Wen Chun Xue
Published: November 2011

This paper presents two phase-locked methods of wind power generation three-phase grid-connected inverter. First establishes the mathematical model of the inverter, on this basis analyzes why the power voltage phase must be known. And then studies the direct calculation method in α-β coordinates, and analyzes the shortcomings of this approach for three-phase imbalance; then focusing on the phase locked loop (PLL) approach in d-q coordinate system. To solve dynamic response problem of the PLL, a new signal delay cancellation method is put forward. With this improved method, the PLL can have a better performance. Experimental results show that the theoretical analysis is real.
Research on Warship Intermediate Frequency Power System
Authors: Wu Xu Sheng , Gao Wei
Published: November 2011

To solve the room-consumption and hard maintenance of the traditional independent intermediate frequency power system (IIFPS) , this paper studied a centralized intermediate frequency power system (CIFPS) and discussed its feasibility, meanwhile, this paper took vitality and reliability as the main estimating index to work out a set of project of CIFPS. Furthermore, two sorts of intermediate frequency power systems vitality index were summarized thanks to a vitality estimating algorithm which occupied electricity equipment 3-dimension position information. This paper also analyzed the reliability of the two system mentioned above with fault tree analyzing method on the supposition that the power grid is in working order. Then the paper concludes that CIFPS is superior to traditional IIFPS in vitality and reliability.
Technique of Digital Electro Hydraulic Automatic Control of Hydro Mechanical Transmission
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhou Guang Li
Published: November 2011

Based on a high speed electromagnetism valve and a two side throttle slide valve, a digital shift pressure regulation valve was designed. The electromagnetism valve was driven directly by the digital signal of electricity control system, the automatic shifting and the pressure’s real time regulation of shift clutch was achieved. The principle of the electricity control system was stated, based on the characteristic of the electromagnetism valve, the drive circuit was designed. The digital electro hydraulic automatic control system was installed on the heavy vehicle with hydro mechanical transmission, and tested. According to the test data of shift process, the control strategy is analyzed, and the validity and feasibility of the control system is proved.
Research on High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Casing in Complex Environment Deep Well
Authors: Wang Jun
Published: November 2011

To analyze the effect of high temperature on material properties of steel casing Q125 and V140 in complex deep wells, some experiments of casing material have been done at the temperature of room temperature to 350°C, and based on the former results the material property model of high-grade steel casing under the effect of temperature was established. To facilitate the design of oilfield, uniform strength reduction factor at 150°C and 200°C was given, which was applied to casing string and tubing string design under high temperature. Taking an ultra-deep field as an example, the results show that casing mechanical properties decreases with the temperature increasing; in the design process of high temperature well, the temperature effect is needed to consider.
Study on Directly Driven Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (D-PMSG)
Authors: Du Zhong Yao , Ju Rong
Published: November 2011

Recently, the wind power develops rapidly. In this paper, the mathematic model and vector control of D-PMSG are studied. This thesis involves in simulation research of wind turbine, speed modulation, coordinate transformation, SVPWM waves, main loop and the whole system based on module structure under the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate that PMSM has perfect characteristic and gives practical meanings for the studies of wind power.
Excitation System with Voltage Regulator for Marine-Use Brushless Synchronous Generators
Authors: Ji Qing Shan , Wu Yan Qing , Hao Hong Yan
Published: November 2011

The brushless constant-voltage synchronous generators are fitted with thyristor voltage regulator excitation system. The excitation current can be regulated automatically in accordance with the variation of load, resulting in constant voltage. This style of excitation has excellent kinetic in the condition of load-variation and short-circuit.
A Novel Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Robust Control Scheme for Flywheel Energy Storage System
Authors: Yuan Jin Qiao , Li Yong Li , Li Bo Tong , Sun Jie , Tan Zhen
Published: November 2011

This study presents a novel bidirectional dc-dc buck-boost converter compatible with the flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and a robust control for bidirectional power flow, according to the single cycle average current control scheme and proportional-integral (PI) control theory. The proposed converter and its control are designed to adjust voltage to achieve current limiting start up and final speed keeping of the motor in charge mode and maintain a constant output voltage in the case that terminal voltage of the motor in the FESS drops continually in discharge mode. Simulation results demonstrate high performance of the converter in both steady-state and dynamic operations.
Universal-Joint Sun Tracking Method and Tracking Device
Authors: Xu Xiao Li , Zuo Yun Bo
Published: November 2011

In order to enhance the sun tracking accuracy of photovoltaic power generation system and reduce the manufacturing cost of sun tracking devices, a new sun tracking method and corresponding tracking device was presented in this paper. The new method is to get two driving rotational angle parameters by conversing solar azimuth parameter and solar altitude parameter. According to the new parameters, the solar cell panel is driven to rotate as the universal-joint movement in order to track the sun. The new tracking device consists of solar direction monitoring module, parameter calculation module, driving device, direction error detection module, and feedback control module. It can acquire solar direction parameter to complete new angle parameters conversion and it can amend real-time interaction frequency and stride according to the direction error of solar cell panel. The new tracking device has features of high tracking accuracy, small tracking time intervals, simple structures and low manufacturing cost.
Analytical Study on Wind-Induced Vibration of Ice Coating Transmission Line Systems
Authors: Chen Jun Qi , Wang Wei
Published: November 2011

Transmission line systems are vulnerable to winds and storms, particularly in cold climate regions where atmospheric ice accretes on network equipment. This paper describes a method for analyzing wind-induced vibrations of ice coating transmission towers coupled with power lines. An ice coating model of transmission line systems is introduced. Wind loads on ice coating transmission line systems are also presented. The time histories of wind speed acting on transmission line systems are simulated with the harmony superposition method. Finally, the responses of ice coating transmission line systems under different thickness of ice and different wind velocity are discussed. The results show that the displacement and unbalanced tension increase rapidly with the thickness of ice and wind velocity increasing. The value of the unbalanced tension increases significantly when the ice coating on conductors is nonuniform.
Automobile Reversing Radar Based on Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Wang Xin Na , Gao Qian , Zhang Ping Chuan
Published: November 2011

Automobile reversing process should be paying more attention for security. This paper analyzes the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, made simple and practical automobile reversing radar, in which the SPCE061A MCU / DSP of high-performance 16-bit microprocessor was used as the control core and the ultrasonic sensors modular for detection signal. The system design is the modularization structure, so as to simplify the debugging effort, well done eventually reversing radar. The experiments shows that the detection range may be up to 15cm-200cm, the error of distance is only 5cm, fully meet the practical requirements, and low cost.
Impact of Plane Heterogeneity of Sandstone’s Thickness on Water Flooding Effectiveness
Authors: Qu Ya Guang , Liu Yue Tian
Published: November 2011

Due to the sedimentary environment, diagenesis and tectonization, the thickness of sandstone distribution show heterogeneity, which affect the result of waterflooding efficiency. The single-phase flow mathematic model was built to reveal the characteristic of plane heterogeneous reservoir. The result which was obtained by discrete differential method demonstrated that outlet flow velocity during thin-thickness location injection and thick production is higher than thin-thickness location production and thick injection. Then numerical simulation was applied to analyse the rate of production and injection, recovery percent and reservoir pressure in reservoir units. The result showed that the reservoir pressure around injection well is lower and the production and injection rate is higher during thin-thickness location injection and thick production, which provide theoretical basis for the development of thick production and thin injection.
Application of 3d Time Domain Method for Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Spatial Grid Structure
Authors: Li Hai Shan , Ding Yang
Published: November 2011

This paper proposes a direct three-dimensional (3D) numerical method in time domain for seismic soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of spatial grid structure. First, a finite element model including soil, foundation and typical spatial grid structure is developed. Then, the precisions of equivalent viscous-spring artificial boundary element (VSABE) and size effect of site soil region are discussed. Finally, under different site types, time history analyses for models with or without considering SSI effect are implemented respectively under horizontal seismic excitation. The results show that VSABE has the same precision as infinite element boundary and plane size of truncated soil region can be five times of structure plane size for SSI analysis of spatial grid structure. Moreover, except for hard site, it is shown that horizontal acceleration and displacement of spatial grid roof increases substantially when SSI effect is considered. Therefore, it is suggested that SSI influence should be taken into account in engineering design of spatial grid structure.
Design of a New Structure for Anti-Upsetting of Axle-End in Wheelset Disassembly and Assembly
Authors: Gan Yong , Xiao Jun , Wang Qun
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a new type of anti-upsetting equipment, which is used to avoid upsetting of axle-end in wheelset disassembly and assembly. The special structure of the equipment can transmit the cylinder’s pressure to the axle-end rationally and eliminate eccentric-loaded or partial stress concentration on the section of the axle-end. The anti-upsetting equipment has been analyzed and verified with the finite element software. This new type of anti-upsetting equipment is applied on an automatic wheelset disassembly and assembly machine to ensure the anti-upsetting on axle-end.
Allelopathic Effect of Typha Angustifolia L. on Phytoplankton
Authors: Zhang Ting Ting , Hu Wei , Zhang Dian
Published: November 2011

To pursue an effective method to control phytoplankton blooms, the allelochemicals of Typha angustifolia L. were purified and identified and their allelopathic effects were studied in phytoplankton assemblage assays. We found that the Typha angustifolia L. allelochemicals included 3 phenic acids (o-hydroxycinnamic acid, syringic acid and isoferulic acid, which inhibited the growth of phytoplankton assemblage and the o-hydroxycinnamic acid proved most potent. The combined activity of these phenic acids exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of phytoplankton assemblage. The results suggested that Typha angustifolia L. and its allelochemicals may control the phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic waters.
Study of the Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Biological Nitrogen Removal with Physical-Chemical Process
Authors: Ba Ya Er , Li Zi Fu
Published: November 2011

Coking wastewater component complex is difficult to treat and yet unable to achieve the emission target by biological treatment, thus needs further processing. Wastewater treatment plant of coking plant in Bao Gang applied A/O process in biological treatment, used special treatment agent -M180 by coagulation and sedimentation process. Through treatment, the parameters reached the first grade of GB13456-92. It is of great reference significance for process debug and operation of the coking wastewater treatment system.
The Analysis and Applying of Industrial Enterprises Contaminative Source Based on SuperMap GIS
Authors: Ma Min Tao , Zhang Yan Yan , Lu Meng Meng
Published: November 2011

Finding out different situation of area environmental and instructing management, which to advance the using efficiency of environmental data information. This paper constructs clustering analysis module on point pollution analysis module based on SuperMap, beyond which, using the information of environmental pollution monitoring data at some typical area in Beijing, and employing 6 major indexes of National total Amount Control as variable, and 18 Industrial Enterprises as object which picked up from national statistical information system registered in typical district. According to pollution distributing, character and economic situation, obtaining the accurate interpretation for the formal results in the ordered sample cluster analysis at present. This paper gives a new method and way in environmental management of Industrial Enterprises.
Influence of Decrease in Water Saturation of Host Rocks with Dehydration Reactions on the Reconstruction of the Thermal Evolution of Igneous-Intrusion-Bearing Basins
Authors: Wang Da Yong , Song Yong Chen , Liu Yu , Zhang Yi , Qi Tian , Zhao Ming Long , Lam Wei Haur
Published: November 2011

This study presents a numerical investigation of the effect of decrease in water saturation of host rocks with dehydration reactions on the reconstruction of the thermal evolution of igneous-intrusions-bearing basins based on complex heat conduction models. The Bena 3 dike of Gippsland Basin (Australia) is selected as an example in this study. Results indicate: (1) the consideration of decrease in water saturation of host rocks (sandstone) with dehydration reactions in the models can obviously increase the predicted peak temperature Tpeak of host rocks. The corresponding maximum deviation of Tpeak occurs at the contact and reaches ~270 °C; (2) if water saturation of host rocks vary with dehydration reactions, the Tpeak can also be influenced by the quartz content of host rocks. The predicted Tpeak is higher for the host rocks with low quartz content. The maximum deviation of Tpeak caused by the quartz content can attain 115 °C. However, the deviation of Tpeak above 20 °C only occurs in a narrow region which is near the intrusion. Out of this region, the quartz content of sandstone has only a slight effect on Tpeak.
Empirical Study on Efficiency Evaluation of Low-Carbon Economy Transition in Resource-Based Cities
Authors: Sun Xiu Mei , Zhou Min
Published: November 2011

With global energy safety and climate change prompts low carbon economy transition becomes an inevitable choice for sustainable development of countries in the world. Resource-based cities, as a special type of cities formed and developed on the basis of resources, their economic growth depends on high-carbon economy more closely, to some extent, low-carbon transition will affect the city's economic growth, thus building scientific efficiency evaluation system is very important. In this paper, Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods are used based on an empirical study, from three sides such as economic benefit, low-carbon benefits, and social benefits to build measuring system of low-carbon transition efficiency. The studies verified effectiveness of AHP and Fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods in efficiency evaluation of low-carbon economy transition.
Analyses of Impacts of China’s CO2 Emissions Factors Based on STIRPAT Model
Authors: Cao Qun , Jiao Jian Ling , Jin Ju Liang
Published: November 2011

According to the fact of coal-based energy consumption in China, the paper especially introduced energy consumption structure, besides the factors of economy, population, energy intensity using the STIRPAT model to analyze the impacts of CO2 emissions factors. The results show that economy, population and urbanization level have positive effects on CO2 emissions, on the other hand energy intensity and energy consumption structure have negative effects. At the same time, the factors’ contribution were calculated, which had different values, the highest is the economy. Considering the fact that economy and the urbanization develop fast, more energy saving technology and clean energy technology must be applied to save fossil fuels and reduce the CO2 emission.
Silver-Coated Zinc Oxide Antibacterial Nanocomposite Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Li Ji Rui
Published: November 2011

In this paper, a precipitation method is investigated to prepare nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) as the precursor of silver coated antibacterial nanocomposite. Subsequently, silver loadeded zinc oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/Ag) are prepared by hydrolysis method. The average diameters and morphology of ZnO nanocomposites before and after silver loaded were compared. The results showed that the zinc oxide powder presented good dispersibility and uniform size a average diameter of 170 nm. Silver was coated on the precursor successfully, and the diameter of ZnO nanocomposites increased slightly.
Preparation of Nickel Sulfide Thin Films and Nanocrystallites Using Nickel Furfuraldehyde Thiosemicarbazone as Single-Source Precursor
Authors: Gole Ajay V. , Garje Shivram S.
Published: November 2011

Nickel furfuraldehyde thiosemcarbabazone adduct of the type, NiCl2(L)2 (L = furfuraldehyde thiosemicarbazone) was synthesized by the reaction between nickel dichloride hexahydrate and furfuraldehyde thiosemicarbazone in 1:2 stoichiometry. The resulting compound was characterised by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13 C{1H} NMR spectral data. It was further used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of nickel sulfide thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique and the nickel sulfide nanocrystallites by pyrolysis and solvothermal decomposition methods. The thin films obtained were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nanocrystallites obtained were also characterized by XRD, EDAX as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM images of the thin films show formation of different morphologies of nickel sulfide, i.e. nanoball-like, nanowires to flower-like depending on the growth temperature. The mechanism for the variation of the morphology with the growth temperature has been proposed. The XRD of the nanocrystallites obtained matches with the hexagonal phase of nickel sulfide and the TEM images show formation of 10-50 nm spherical nano-crystals.
Effect of Hydration-Dehydration Activation on the Basic Strength of Nano Structured Alkaline Earth Metal Calcium Oxide
Authors: Aziz Hidayah Mohd , Masrom Noor Idayu , Sulaiman Nur Fatin , Mustajab Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat , Yacob Abdul Rahim
Published: November 2011

The study of physicochemical properties such as surface area, particle size and basicity of heterogeneous catalysts is in great interest nowadays. CaO yield a number of surface defects centers and these were important especially for heterogeneous catalyst. In this study, nano structured CaO was synthesized via hydration-dehydration method. The basic strength of the prepared CaO was also studied using simple back titration method with respect to the activation temperature. This result revealed that, the basic strength increases with the increasing of activation temperature. As the nano structured CaO were prepared, more surface cavity and defect were expected to be present and thus, exposing more O2- sites, which influences the basic strength. Finally it was found that nano structured CaO was successfully prepared, while compared to the commercial CaO have a better chemical properties for catalytic chemical reactions.