bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF USING AN INTERACTIVE PADLET BOARD IN TEACHING ENGLISH IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTION ОF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical University (Kropyvnytskyi), AZATIAN Viktoria
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to how foreign language training of medical students takes place in the distance learning system. It is noted that to increase the competitiveness of a medical worker, in particular a doctor, it is possible if he receives a high-quality higher medical education. In order to optimize the learning of English by future doctors in the distance learning mode, it is important to use two directions of organizing their cognitive activities: firstly, it is the development and implementation of online classes and, secondly, directing future specialists to work independently with Internet resources. Many new opportunities for both teaching and learning foreign languages are represented by digital distance learning technologies. Therefore, in the article, the author considers the expediency of using the Padlet online board during online English classes in a professional direction, as a way of diversifying and increasing the effect of distance learning. The term "Padlet interactive board" is explained, its functions are characterized, namely: visual, informative, interactive. The advantages and possibilities of the Padlet virtual board in the implementation of the educational process were analysed: the availability and freeness of the web resource; easy intuitive use; multimedia; the possibility of simultaneous work of several participants; possibility to adjust privacy; mobility; creative and attractive interface; consistency with other web services; the ability to work in synchronous and asynchronous mode; the ability to save the virtual board in JPEG and PDF format; the ability to work on Android and iOS smartphones; possibility of regular feedback, correction and editing; easy access by link; the possibility of placing the board on other information resources; providing blogging and social bookmarking for Twitter, Facebook, Slack. Key words: distance learning, Padlet interactive board, synchronous learning mode, asynchronous learning mode, future doctors.
THE ROLE OF INTERSUBJECT CONNECTIONS IN THE SPECIAL THEORETICAL TRAINING OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN THE AVIATION UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Flight Academy of National Aviation University, SMIRNOVA Iryna
Published: June 2023

This article examines the issue of the application of interdisciplinary connections in the study of special disciplines of aviation and electrical equipment by foreign students at the flight academy and related tasks and problems. This article deals with the problems of connection between special subjects during the process of studying [such as ″Airequipment″ and ″Electrical equipment″] at the flight educational establishments. The author disclosed the tasks that arise in connection with this before professional pedagogy in the process of teaching special disciplines to foreign students, taking into account interdisciplinary connections. Author deals with the problems of professional training during the process of studying special subjects and their connection, namely: creation of a system of interdisciplinary tasks of various levels of complexity and methods of their implementation in the study of special disciplines; carrying out an experimental verification of the effectiveness of the formation of integrative theoretical knowledge in the process of studying special disciplines on the basis of interdisciplinary connections in foreign students of higher education, as the main component of professional reliability; preparation based on research results of methodological recommendations for teachers regarding the formation of integrative theoretical knowledge in the study of special disciplines by future foreign aviation specialists.. The method of teaching special disciplines with the use of interdisciplinary connections during the study of aviation equipment courses by foreign cadets is disclosed. Working out of methods of teaching special subjects by using their connection while studying aircraft equipment are under consideration in this article. Keywords: theoretical training, future pilots, interdisciplinary connections, special disciplines, foreign cadets.
DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING OF CADETS OF AVIATION ESTABLISHMENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION DURING SOLVING PROBLEMS IN THE DISCIPLINE "STRAIGHT OF MATERIALS"
Authors:   Flight Academy of the National Aviation University, CHORNOHLAZOVA Hanna , YENINA Iryna ,   Flight Academy of the National Aviation University
Published: June 2023

The article dials with the problem of development of critical thinking of cadets of aviation establishments of higher education using the example of solving a problem from the discipline ″Straight of Materials″. The concept of ″critical thinking″ is issued. Emphasis is placed on his awareness, independence, reflexivity, purposefulness, reasonableness, controllability, and self-organization. In addition, the stages of development of critical thinking is analyzed: motivation, means of education, content of education, method of education, form of education, method of control, style of education. In the process of professional training cadets, taking into account the military situation in Ukraine, there is a need to apply methods and techniques that stimulate increased attention and interest in the classes, in particular in the process of distance learning. Methods of development of critical thinking is monitored and it is found that training should be based on the creative cooperation of the cadet and the teacher, on the development of analytical and creative approaches to the studying information that needs to be studied. Such teaching methods and techniques, the creation of which is carried out through online learning instruments, such as: didactic cards, ″associative garland″, ″Venn’s diagrams″ are highlighted. It is shown how, with the help of the specified tools, the educational material is analyzed, connections and dependencies between the constituent elements are established, which over time is synthesized into the ability to independently perform a similar task, and to show creativity – to perform tasks of increased complexity. Key words: critical thinking, professional training, teachings methods, straight of materials, digital learning instruments, Venn’s diagram.
PERSON-ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF THE FUTURE BACHELOR OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Ukrainian State Mykhailo Drahomanov University, ZHURAVEL Nataliia
Published: June 2023

In the article, using modern scientific and pedagogical literature, the definition of the concept of "person-oriented approach" is clarified. The principles on which the person-oriented approach is based are considered, namely: the principle of humanism, the principle of openness, the principle of dialogicity, the principle of creativity, the principle of humanitarianism, as well as the principles of choice and creativity, and success. Indicators of the application of the student-centered strategy are highlighted: motivation to study, comfortable educational environment, use of effective forms, methods and teaching methods, reliance on experience, knowledge, abilities and skills of students. The expediency of using this approach in the formation of future bachelors of English philology in higher educational institutions of Ukraine is substantiated, and the main directions of its implementation in such components as: component content of education are highlighted; demonstrate students' successes, celebrate their achievements, outline development prospects; carefully prepared educational component of the course taking into account the issues and challenges of today; cognitive component of educational material: selection of tasks, texts, exercises to encourage students to think, independently search for information, conclusions, generalizations. The leading task of implementing a person-oriented approach in the educational process of a higher educational institution is the development of individual cognitive abilities of future specialists. The practical use of a person-oriented approach indicates a wide, free pedagogical variability, based on the knowledge of the internal patterns of personality development. This approach is equally addressed to the teacher and to the student, to their characteristics and tendencies. Key words: person-oriented approach, bachelor's degree, English philology, principles of implementation, institutions of higher education of Ukraine.
METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE: SHORTCOMINGS OF TRAINING AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT
Authors:   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, KERNICKIY Oleksandr , PRYSTINSKIY Roman ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the problems of forming the methodological competence of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine during training. The professional competence of a future NGU officer is determined by the purpose and content of practical training in the process of cadets mastering general military and military special disciplines at the academy. The main contradictions and shortcomings of the training of future officers during their studies at the academy have been identified. The essence and structure of methodical competence of officers, which is part of the professional competence of an officer as a teacher, is considered. It was determined that methodical competence is an integral ability of an officer, which includes all-military, military-special and pedagogical components, which in interaction ensure the success of military-educational activities in military units of NGU. Researchers consider the structure of a teacher's methodical competence as follows: as a system of components, interdependent levels, integrity of elements. They attribute the following components to the structure of methodical competence: cognitive, procedural-active, personal. It is noted that the training process at the academy should provide servicemen with the opportunity to acquire a certain amount of knowledge, form practical skills and abilities in optimal conditions. And then the leader of classes on combat, special and professional psychological training in parts of the National Guard of Ukraine will be a highly trained and experienced officer and teacher. Today, the conceptual apparatus is insufficiently developed, the specifics of methodological competence of officers are insufficiently studied, optimal technologies, methods, forms, means of forming methodological competence, evaluation criteria, methods of diagnosing its level are not fully developed. Based on the results of the study, the main directions for improving the educational process regarding the purposeful formation of methodological competence of future officers of NGU during their studies at the academy were formulated. Keywords: cadets, problems of professional training, methodical competence of an officer of the National Guard of Ukraine.
FEATURES OF PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED TEACHING OF THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE "PSYCHOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND REGULATORY BASES OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY" TO ADJUNCTS OF A TECHNICAL HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors:   Military Institute of telecommunications and informatization named after Heroes of Krut, KOZUBTSOV Igor
Published: June 2023

Problem statement. One of the most important tasks of modern education is to improve the professionalism of future scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as a factor in improving the quality of education carried out in the system of postgraduate professional education. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of teaching the discipline "psychological, pedagogical and regulatory bases of educational activity" to adjuncts of technical higher military educational institutions of specialty 126 "Information Systems and technologies" and 255 "weapons and military equipment". Research methods. To solve the tasks set, theoretical research methods were used: methods of historical analysis for analyzing and generalizing scientific literature on the problem of work; generalization – for formulating conclusions and recommendations on effectiveness. The result of the study. The article considers the peculiarities of teaching adjuncts of technical higher military educational institutions the discipline "psychological, pedagogical and regulatory bases of educational activity". The object of research is content module 1. Subject, main tasks and actual problems of psychology and pedagogy of Higher Education, which is contained in the credit module 1. psychology and pedagogy of Higher Military School. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Professionally-oriented training is relevant in the training of adjuncts of technical higher military educational institutions when studying non-specialized academic disciplines and is an intangible means of motivating them to master them. The academic discipline "psychological, pedagogical and regulatory bases of educational activity" is necessary for adjuncts of technical higher military educational institutions of specialties 126 "Information Systems and technologies", 255 "weapons and military equipment" for their professional development and there is a need to increase the academic time for its teaching. Immediate prospects for further research. The presented study does not exhaust all aspects of this problem. Theoretical and practical results obtained in the process of scientific research form the basis for its further study and improvement of the content of the educational discipline, as well as the publication of modern scientific, methodological and educational literature. Keywords: teaching, academic discipline, psychology, pedagogy, educational activity, adjunct, technical higher military educational institution, armed forces of Ukraine.
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREPARING FUTURE MASTERS OF MEDICINE FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION
Authors:   Flight Academy of the National Aviation University, MAZURENKO Olha
Published: June 2023

The readiness for professional interaction of future masters of medicine is an integrative characteristic of a personality, based on a set of knowledge, skills, abilities and professionally significant qualities, which together reflect the formed ability of future masters of medicine to conduct effective professional interaction and solve professional problems in the medical field. In the structure of readiness for professional interaction of future masters of medicine, four interrelated components are identified and substantiated - motivational, cognitive, activity and reflective, which complement each other and function in a certain sequence. The motivational component relates to the doctor's motivation, determines his/her internal motivation to interact with patients, the desire to explain, convince the patient, argue his/her position, build a communication strategy, dialogue, etc. The essence of the cognitive component is the acquisition of knowledge - general, professional, moral, including knowledge of the basics of professional communication of a doctor, ethical and deontological knowledge that is necessary for establishing contact and partnership - knowledge of medical terminology, norms and standards of medical records, psychological knowledge, ethical and deontological knowledge, knowledge of intercultural communication, etc. The activity component consists in the ability and skills to implement the acquired knowledge in practice on the basis of the formed knowledge. It is manifested in the conscious creation and use of methods and techniques necessary to establish interpersonal relationships between doctor and patient, doctor and colleagues in order to ensure the proper level of professional interaction, including in a foreign language. The reflexive component is related to the level of formation of reflexive skills in the organization of professional interaction and communication, the ability of the future doctor to self-analysis, self-regulation, self-knowledge, self-improvement and is determined by the awareness of their reflective position, in the development of creative, logical, critical, analytical thinking. Therefore, these criteria are very important for the perception of not only the language, but also for further work in this structure. It is necessary to follow all the norms for further work. Keywords: master of medicine, professional training, professional development, practical recommendations.
Cálculo matemático de métricas del Balanced Scorecard C.M.I.
Authors: Quirola Zambrano Susan Macarena , Toscano Guerrero Francisco Eduardo , Mazón Fierro Guido Javier , Calderón Limaico Pablo Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Introducción: PROVELEC es una empresa Ambateña que nace con la finalidad de proveer productos relacionados al campo eléctrico utilizados en el área doméstica y comercial, en los inicios de su actividad económica tuvo una gran acogida debido a los pocos competidores que existían en el mercado. Y necesita un análisis mediante la metodología del Cuadro de Mando Integral para mejorar sus procesos administrativos, productivos y financieros. Metodología: en el diseño del presente trabajo de investigación se puede evidenciar el análisis cuantitativo del cálculo de métricas en base al modelo matemático del Balanced Scorecard. El tipo de investigación en de campo, obteniéndose la información primaria de la misma empresa. Aplicando un tipo de investigación exploratorio, el mismo que determinará los parámetros de medición de esta. Resultados: las métricas o mejor conocido como indicadores son parámetros útiles dentro del CMI para medir el desempeño de actividades propuestas, las cuales evidenciarán la problemática a todo nivel dentro de la empresa y de esta manera llegar a identificar los problemas potenciales y buscar soluciones para la optimización de los procesos, así como también el ambiente de esta. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico arroja como resultado que la situación actual de la empresa requiere el uso de herramientas administrativas que permitan alcanzar la visión y objetivos propuestos, por lo tanto, los aspectos económico-financieros y administrativo estarán integrados a la estrategia general.
El entorno familiar y la mendicidad infantil en el cantón Huaquillas
Authors: Martínez Román Kerly Esperanza , Martínez Silvana Noemí , Tapia Segarra Jenny Irlanda
Published: June 2023

Introducción: la mendicidad infantil es una problemática social que crece día a día y esto se da por la situación socioeconómica y política actual del Ecuador. Dicha problemática es uno de los principales retos para el Ministerio de Inclusión Económica Social. Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del entorno familiar en la mendicidad infantil en el cantón Huaquillas. Metodología: la investigación es de tipo descriptiva, exploratoria y correlacional, con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo. Resultados: el estudio reveló los factores de cohesión y expresividad influyen significativamente en el desarrollo social de las familias; no obstante, la dimensión de conflicto influye en un aumento hacia la vulneración y mendicidad en los niños del cantón Huaquillas. Conclusiones: por lo tanto, el estudio contribuye a la comunidad científica y académica como aporte hacia el desarrollo de nuevos estudios en materia social y a la profesión para que a partir de los resultados desarrollen programas y planes que permitan mitigar el crecimiento de la población infantil en situación de mendicidad.
Impacts of irrigation with sugar mills’ wastewater and fertilizer on soil chemical and solute-transport properties
Authors: Shariot-Ullah Md , Islam Md Touhidul , Mahmud Khalid
Published: June 2023

Impact assessment of wastewater on soil is important to diagnose the potential of wastewater irrigation. By taking this idea into consideration, an experiment was conducted to investigate the chemical and solute-transport properties of soils collected from wheat fields irrigated with sugar mills’ wastewater at North Bengal Sugar Mill (NBSM) and Faridpur Sugar Mill (FSM) of Bangladesh. Soil samples were collected from experimental sites where wheat was grown under both irrigation and fertilizer treatments. The split-plot design with three replications of irrigation (main plot) and fertilizer (sub-plot) were used. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments were defined as I1 = irrigation with fresh water, I2 = irrigation with mixed water (fresh water: wastewater = 1:1) and I2 = irrigation with wastewater; F1 = Full dose fertilizer, F2 = Half dose fertilizer and F3 = No application of fertilizer. Soil samples were chemically analyzed to find their chemical properties and a breakthrough experiment was done to find the solute transport properties. Significant effects were observed for soil chemical properties at both NBSM and FSM sites. At NBSM site, organic-C and S contents of soil increased under I3 treatment, where as total-N, P, K and Mg contents increased under I2 treatment. Similarly, Na and Ca contents at FSM site slightly went downunder I3 treatment. Application of fertilizer also significantly affected soil properties at both sites. Under full dose fertilizer application (F1) EC, P, K, S, Ca and Mg contents of the soil increased, however, Na content decreased at both sites. Interaction of irrigation and fertilizer treatments also had significant effects on all the soil chemical parameters except organic-C and total-N content of the soils at both sites. Among solute transport properties pore-water velocity, dispersion coefficient and mean solute travel time increased in I3 compared to I1 at NBSM site, but the reverse was observed at FSM site.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 521-532
Multi insecticide residue analysis in vegetables collected from different regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md Sultan , Rahman Md Arifur , Begum Afroza , Chowdhury Alamgir Zaman , Reza Md Shahed
Published: June 2023

An investigative study was conducted to determine the left over residue of five commonly used insecticides in cauliflower and yard long bean samples collected from local market of eight different regions like Bogra, Comilla, Dhaka, Gazipur, Jessore, Khagrachari, Rajshahi and Rangpur and carried out to the lab for analysis. Among 47 analyzed vegetable samples, 20 had insecticide residues, of them 11 had above maximum residue limit (MRL) set by FAO/WHO. Of 24 analyzed cauliflower samples, 11 contained residue of cypermethrin, diazinon, quinalphos, fenitrothion and malathion in which 8 had above MRL. Most of the sample contain diazinon and cypermethrin residue. Three samples showed 0.202-0.603 mgkg-1diazinon resides and two samples contain 0.590-0.640 mgkg-1cypermethrin residues which were above MRL. Cauliflower samples also showed two of three multi insecticide residues which were above MRL. Among 23 analyzed yard long bean samples, 9 showed the residue of five tested insecticides but only three had the residue of 0.410 mgkg-1quinalphos, 0.651 mgkg-1malathion and 0.591 mgkg-1cypermethrin which were above MRL and the next 6 samples including three multi insecticide residues were of below MRL. Bogra, Jessore and Comilla showed more residues irrespective of single or multiple insecticide then other locations. No residue of the tested insecticide was found in the samples collected from Dhaka and Rajshahi in both the vegetables. Cauliflower in Khagrachari and yard long bean in Rangpur did not show any insecticide residue.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 547-551
YUNANLILAR İZMİR’DE; YUNAN MEZALİMİ HAKKINDA YENİ BİLGİ VE BELGELER
Authors: AYDIN Mithat
Published: June 2023

Nihat Sami Belger tarafından kaleme alınan bu eser 1920 yılında Paris’te “Les Grecs à Smyrne: Nouveaux Témoignages et Sur Leurs Atrocıtés un Document Officel Probant (Paris Kossuth Imprimerie, Paris 1920)” adıyla yayımlanmıştır. Engin Berber’in yayına hazırladığı eserin Fransızca’dan Türkçe’ye çevirisi Rahmi Hüseyin Ünal tarafından yapılmıştır. Eser, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Paris‘te toplanan İtilaf Devletlerinin temsilcilerine, Avrupa milletvekilleri ve basın mensuplarına Yunan propagandası ve işgalinin insanlık dışı gerçek yüzünü gözler önüne sererek işgal bölgelerinin coğrafya ve nüfus itibarıyla Türkiye’den koparılamayacağını göstermek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Bir “karşı propaganda” çalışması olan kitapta orijinal metin ve çevirisine birlikte yer verilmiştir. Bu suretle okuyucuya karşılaştırma imkânı sunulmuştur. Altmış üç sayfadan oluşan orijinal metin, kitabı hazırlayan Engin Berber tarafından açıklayıcı notlar ve görsellerle zenginleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede kitapta 60 görsel ile Aydın Vilayeti Karesi ve Menteşe sancakları ve kazalarının nüfusunu gösteren “Karşılaştırmalı Grafik” yer almıştır.
A Modelling on the Exponential Curves as $Cubic$, $5^{th}$ and $7^{th}$ B\'{e}zier Curve in Plane
Authors: KILIÇOGLU Şeyda , YURTTANÇIKMAZ Semra
Published: June 2023

In this study, it has been researched the exponential curve as a $3^{rd},$ $5^{th}$ and $7^{th}$ order B\'{e}zier curve in $\mathbf{E}^{2}$. Also, the numerical matrix representations of these curves have been calculated using the Maclaurin series in the plane via the control points.
Potential Efficacy Of Citrus limon On Protein And Creatinine Profile In Ketamine treated
Zebra fish, Danio rerio
Authors: Yadav Deepti , Yadav Surabhi , Zahra Kaneez
Published: June 2023

This paper determines the toxicity of ketamine and its recuperation by phytochemicals of Citrus limon leaves extract. Fishes were collected, acclimatized & divided into 6 groups of 5 fishes each. Ist group served as control whereas, IInd group was treated with ketamine alone. IIIrd & IVth groups were treated with different concentrations of phytochemical and Vth & VIth groups were given ketamine with Phytochemical. After 96 hours total protein (TPRO) & creatinine levels were tested using autoanalyser from supernatant of liver and muscle tissues. Ketamine showed adverse effect on the protein concentration as well as in creatinine concentration, whereas at different concentrations, phytochemicals did not have any adverse impact and also helped in the suppression of toxic effect of ketamine. Some behavioural changes were observed after the treatment with ketamine. However such aberrant behaviour was absent in control fishes.
Impacts of nest temperatures on leatherback reproductive success, hatchling morphology, and performance in South Florida
Authors: Seaman HA , Milton SL
Published: June 2023

Leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea are experiencing population declines due to various anthropogenic threats. Beaches play a crucial role in the survival of sea turtle species since reproductive success is affected by environmental conditions inside the nest. Climate change is predicted to increase sand temperatures and affect rainfall, which will change the nest microenvironment, and thus may alter not only hatch and emergence success but also hatchling morphology and performance. This study examined the relationship between nest incubation temperatures and leatherback hatchling terrestrial performance, as the crawl from the nest to the sea is a critical phase for hatchling survival. Temperature data loggers were placed in 12 leatherback turtle nests on the day they were laid across the early, middle, and late South Florida nesting season. Upon emergence, hatchlings were tested for righting ability and crawling speeds. Mean nest temperatures ranged from 29.0 to 32.5°C and were significantly higher in mid- and late-season nests compared to early-season nests. Hatching and emergence success correlated with temperature, where the mid-season nests were the most successful. Hatchling morphology also correlated with temperature; nests with lower temperatures produced larger hatchlings than nests with hotter temperatures. Righting response scores were significantly lower in hatchlings from late-season, hotter nests, while there was no correlation between crawling speeds and temperature. However, more studies are needed to investigate these relationships since the sample size of this study was relatively small. Our data provide insight into how rising nest temperatures may impact hatchling performance and, in turn, affect their survival.
Diel fish migration facilitates functional connectivity of coral reef and seagrass habitats via transport of ectoparasites
Authors: Hendrick GC , Nicholson MD , Narvaez P , Sun D , Packard A , Grutter AS , Sikkel PC
Published: June 2023

Connectivity between habitats and ecological communities is a critical component of trophic structure. Coral reef systems include reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats, and the movement of fishes is a key component of habitat connectivity among them. Fishes that undergo diel migrations between habitats are among the best-studied functional groups. Studies on their role in energetic connectivity between adjacent habitats have not considered the possible contribution of parasites. Some diel-migratory species are both highly susceptible to and disproportionately exploited by gnathiid isopods, temporary, tick-like parasites of marine fishes. By leaving the reef at night, diel-migratory fishes reduce their overall exposure to gnathiids, which are more active at night and more abundant in reef habitat. Here we show that for sites in both the Caribbean and the Great Barrier Reef, gnathiids are attached to diel-migratory fishes at the time they depart reef habitat. Because gnathiids associate temporarily with host fishes, they can be acquired by hosts in one habitat and can become dislodged and deposited in another. Field experiments in the Caribbean show that gnathiids from reef habitat dislodge in seagrass habitat, where they likely remain until their next feeding. Sequencing blood meals from free-living gnathiids in seagrass beds, where they are least abundant, shows that diel-migratory and other transient fishes are the most frequently exploited hosts, confirming that deposition of gnathiids in seagrass is facilitated mainly by migratory hosts. These findings have important implications for trophic, population-genetic, and disease connectivity involving gnathiid isopods and potentially other external parasites.
Effects of thermal history on reproductive success and cross-generational effects in the kelp Laminaria pallida (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Liboureau P , Pearson GA , Barreto L , Serrao EA , Kreiner A , Martins N
Published: June 2023

As climate change threatens marine ecosystems, sessile species such as kelps can be particularly impacted by rapidly changing environmental conditions. In this context, phenotypic plasticity can allow organisms to optimize their performance to cope with high temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of thermal history on reproductive success and cross-generational plasticity in the warm-temperate kelpLaminaria pallida. Our results show that reproductive success of fertile gametophytes (14ºC) was improved by prior vegetative growth under warm compared to cold conditions. Cross-generational effects were evident; thermal tolerance of microscopic F1 sporophytes was modulated by the thermal history of the parental gametophytes. However, the effects were complex, varying by physiological trait, exposure time and genotype (crosses). A warm thermal history increased the photosynthetic efficiency of sporophytes at moderate to high temperatures, while the sporophytes from a cold thermal history grew more during the first 8 d at all experimental temperatures, but this effect disappeared over time. Our results suggest that preconditioning for reproduction and cross-generational effects can play an important role in the adaptation ofL. pallidato warm habitats, highlighting the importance of incorporating thermal history effects in physiological studies to accurately predict the vulnerability of populations and species to future warming climates.
Trophic ecology of crustacean endoparasites Petrarca and Baccalaureus (Ascothoracida, Thecostraca) in scleractinian and zoantharian corals
Authors: Kolbasov GA , Zalota AK , Chan BKK
Published: June 2023

Coral reefs house a great variety of symbiotic associations, including parasitic ones. One of the crucial issues in host-symbiont interactions is the mode of parasite feeding. Most of the parasitism in scleractinian and zoantharian corals is endosymbiotic (endoparasitic). Their trophic interactions are difficult to identify since they only occur in intact associations. Petrarca and Baccaulareus are endosymbiotic crustaceans. In scleractinian corals, Petrarca forms galls in the coral skeleton. Baccaulareus lives inside zoantharians’ gastric cavities. δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis (SIA) of Petrarca and its host (holobiont tissue) Turbinaria revealed similar isotopic signatures of the parasite and host (δ13C, -11.77 to -12.69‰; δ15N, 3.66 to 5.52‰), indicating that Petrarca feeds on its host coral. Petrarca has developed mandibles with a row of sharp and dense teeth to cut coral (holobiont) tissue, while maxillules with compound teeth and massive maxillae are involved in further chewing the food. SIA of Baccaulaureus and its host (holobiont) Palythoa revealed that the parasite and its host differ by >12‰ in δ13C, indicating that Baccalaureus does not feed on its host. The analyzed specimens of Baccalaureus revealed 2 groups with different δ15N values; these specimens may obtain food from different trophic levels. The mouth parts of Baccalaureus have reduced mandibles and maxillules with weak armament. Baccalaureus seems to be an opportunist feeder that steals food directly from the host gastric cavity, resulting in significant variations in δ13C and δ15N values.
A novel ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered rat lungs
Authors: Mizoguchi Satoshi , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Doi Ryoichiro , Obata Tomohiro , Iwatake Mayumi , Hashimoto Shintaro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Yukawa Hiroshi , Hayashi Hiroko , Li Tao-Sheng , Yamamoto Kazuko , Matsumoto Keitaro , Miyazaki Takuro , Tomoshige Koichi , Nagayasu Takeshi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Two-dimensional cell cultures have contributed substantially to lung cancer research, but 3D cultures are gaining attention as a new, more efficient, and effective research model. A model reproducing the 3D characteristics and tumor microenvironment of the lungs in vivo, including the co-existence of healthy alveolar cells with lung cancer cells, is ideal. Here, we describe the creation of a successful ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered lungs formed by decellularization and recellularization.

Methods: Human cancer cells were directly implanted into a bioengineered rat lung, which was created with a decellularized rat lung scaffold reseeded with epithelial cells, endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC-9, H1299, and PC-6) were applied to demonstrate forming cancer nodules on recellularized lungs and histopathological assessment were made among these models. MUC-1 expression analysis, RNA-seq analysis and drug response test were performed to demonstrate the superiority of this cancer model.

Results: The morphology and MUC-1 expression of the model were like those of lung cancer in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed an elevated expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and TNF-α signaling via NF-κB; but suppression of cell cycle-related genes including E2F. Drug response assays showed that gefitinib suppressed PC-9 cell proliferation equally well in the 3D lung cancer model as in 2D culture dishes, albeit over a smaller volume of cells, suggesting that fluctuations in gefitinib resistance genes such as JUN may affect drug sensitivity.

Conclusions: A novel ex vivo lung cancer model was closely reproduced the 3D structure and microenvironment of the actual lungs, highlighting its possible use as a platform for lung cancer research and pathophysiological studies.
Measuring cell deformation by microfluidics
Authors: An Ling , Ji Fenglong , Zhao Enming , Liu Yi , Liu Yaling
Published: June 2023

Microfluidics is an increasingly popular method for studying cell deformation, with various applications in fields such as cell biology, biophysics, and medical research. Characterizing cell deformation offers insights into fundamental cell processes, such as migration, division, and signaling. This review summarizes recent advances in microfluidic techniques for measuring cellular deformation, including the different types of microfluidic devices and methods used to induce cell deformation. Recent applications of microfluidics-based approaches for studying cell deformation are highlighted. Compared to traditional methods, microfluidic chips can control the direction and velocity of cell flow by establishing microfluidic channels and microcolumn arrays, enabling the measurement of cell shape changes. Overall, microfluidics-based approaches provide a powerful platform for studying cell deformation. It is expected that future developments will lead to more intelligent and diverse microfluidic chips, further promoting the application of microfluidics-based methods in biomedical research, providing more effective tools for disease diagnosis, drug screening, and treatment.
Clinical identification and microbiota analysis of Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus- pneumonia by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Xie Gongxun , Hu Qing , Cao Xuefang , Wu Wenjie , Dai Penghui , Guo Wei , Wang Ouxi , Wei Liang , Ren Ruotong , Li Yanchun
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Recently, the incidence of chlamydial pneumonia caused by rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus has shown a significant upward trend. The non-specific clinical manifestations and the limitations of traditional pathogen identification methods determine that chlamydial pneumonia is likely to be poorly diagnosed or even misdiagnosed, and may further result in delayed treatment or unnecessary antibiotic use. mNGS's non-preference and high sensitivity give us the opportunity to obtain more sensitive detection results than traditional methods for rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus.

Methods

In the present study, we investigated both the pathogenic profile characteristics and the lower respiratory tract microbiota of pneumonia patients with different chlamydial infection patterns using mNGS.

Results

More co-infecting pathogens were found to be detectable in clinical samples from patients infected with C. psittaci compared to C. abortus, suggesting that patients infected with C. psittaci may have a higher risk of mixed infection, which in turn leads to more severe clinical symptoms and a longer disease course cycle. Further, we also used mNGS data to analyze for the first time the characteristic differences in the lower respiratory tract microbiota of patients with and without chlamydial pneumonia, the impact of the pattern of Chlamydia infection on the lower respiratory tract microbiota, and the clinical relevance of these characteristics. Significantly different profiles of lower respiratory tract microbiota and microecological diversity were found among different clinical subgroups, and in particular, mixed infections with C. psittaci and C. abortus resulted in lower lung microbiota diversity, suggesting that chlamydial infections shape the unique lung microbiota pathology, while mixed infections with different Chlamydia may have important effects on the composition and diversity of the lung microbiota.

Discussion

The present study provides possible evidences supporting the close correlation between chlamydial infection, altered microbial diversity in patients' lungs and clinical parameters associated with infection or inflammation in patients, which also provides a new research direction to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary infections caused by Chlamydia.
Transcriptomic identification of genes expressed in invasive S. aureus diabetic foot ulcer infection
Authors: Agidigbi Taiwo Samuel , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Knight James R. , Zhao Dejian , Lee Francis Y. , Oh Irvin
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Infection in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is one of the major complications associated with patients with diabetes. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common offending pathogen in patients with infected DFU. Previous studies have suggested the application of species-specific antibodies against S. aureus for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. Early and accurate identification of the main pathogen is critical for management of DFU infection. Understanding the host immune response against species-specific infection may facilitate diagnosis and may suggest potential intervention options to promote healing infected DFUs. We sought to investigate evolving host transcriptome associated with surgical treatment of S. aureus– infected DFU.

Methods

This study compared the transcriptome profile of 21 patients with S. aureus– infected DFU who underwent initial foot salvage therapy with irrigation and debridement followed by intravenous antibiotic therapy. Blood samples were collected at the recruitment (0 weeks) and 8 weeks after therapy to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We analyzed the PBMC expression of transcriptomes at two different time points (0 versus 8 weeks). Subjects were further divided into two groups at 8 weeks: healed (n = 17, 80.95%) versus non-healed (n = 4, 19.05%) based on the wound healing status. DESeq2 differential gene analysis was performed.

Results and discussion

An increased expression of IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGLV3-21, and IGLV6-57 was noted during active infection at 0 weeks compared with that at 8 weeks. Lysine- and arginine-rich histones (HIST1H2AJ, HIST1H2AL, HIST1H2BM, HIST1H3B, and HIST1H3G) were upregulated at the initial phase of active infection at 0 weeks. CD177 and RRM2 were also upregulated at the initial phase of active infection (0 weeks) compared with that at 8 weeks of follow-up. Genes of heat shock protein members (HSPA1A, HSPE1, and HSP90B1) were high in not healed patients compared with that in healed patients 8 weeks after therapy. The outcome of our study suggests that the identification of genes evolution based on a transcriptomic profiling could be a useful tool for diagnosing infection and assessing severity and host immune response to therapies.
Extracellular matrix cues regulate the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells
Authors: Noh Kyung Mu , Park Soon-Jung , Moon Sung-Hwan , Jung Seok Yun
Published: June 2023

The generation of endothelial cells (ECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases for several years. Human PSCs, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are an attractive source of ECs for cell therapy. Although there is a diversity of methods for endothelial cell differentiation using biochemical factors, such as small molecules and cytokines, the efficiency of EC production varies depending on the type and dose of biochemical factors. Moreover, the protocols in which most EC differentiation studies have been performed were in very unphysiological conditions that do not reflect the microenvironment of native tissue. The microenvironment surrounding stem cells exerts variable biochemical and biomechanical stimuli that can affect stem cell differentiation and behavior. The stiffness and components of the extracellular microenvironment are critical inducers of stem cell behavior and fate specification by sensing the extracellular matrix (ECM) cues, adjusting the cytoskeleton tension, and delivering external signals to the nucleus. Differentiation of stem cells into ECs using a cocktail of biochemical factors has been performed for decades. However, the effects of mechanical stimuli on endothelial cell differentiation remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the methods used to differentiate ECs from stem cells by chemical and mechanical stimuli. We also propose the possibility of a novel EC differentiation strategy using a synthetic and natural extracellular matrix.
An aeromagnetic denoising-decomposition-3D inversion approach for mineral exploration
Authors: Ma Min , Xiu Liancun , Gao Qi , Li Yongli , Wang Wenjie , Xu Haoqing , Zhou Wenhui
Published: June 2023

Reduction of aeromagnetic noise and extraction of mineralization-related residual anomalies are critical for aeromagnetic data processing in mineral exploration. This study introduced a multifractal singular value decomposition (MSVD) method to remove the noise and improved the bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) algorithm to extract residual magnetic anomalies. It is shown that MSVD and improved BEMD could effectively reduce the noise and extract residual magnetic anomalies. Then, a wavenumber–domain iterative approach is applied in 3D imaging of magnetic anomalies and gradients with depth constraints, which is a rapid tool for qualitative and quantitative interpretation of magnetic data and is suitable for rapidly imaging large-scale data. The 3D inversion result is verified by four geological sections along the regional tectonic directions and some drilling holes on the deposits. It is revealed that this proposed approach is practical and effective in dealing with aeromagnetic data interpretation and inversion for mineral exploration.
Association between the lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a healthy population of Northwest China: a retrospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up period
Authors: Li Nong , Xang Weiting , Wu Shengli , Li Danting , Chang Min , Xie ChengYao , Zhang Mei Yu , Tan Huiwen
Published: June 2023

Aims

We aimed to explore the metabolic features of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Lean-NAFLD) and its association with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged people.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3001 participants who were enrolled in a health check-up program from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Health Management Center of Karamay People’s Hospital. The age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles, serum uric acid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the subjects were collected. The cutoff point of BMI for lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is <25 kg/m2. A COX proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk ratio of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Results

Lean NAFLD participants had many metabolic abnormalities, such as overweight and obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Compared with lean participants without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for lean participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 3.83 (95% CI 2.02-7.24, p<0.01). In the normal waist circumference group (man<90cm, woman<80 cm), compared with lean participants without NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident type 2 diabetes for lean participants with NAFLD and overweight or obese participants with NAFLD were 1.93 (95% CI 0.70-5.35, p>0.05) and 4.20 (95% CI 1.44-12.22, p<0.05), respectively. For excess waist circumference (man≥90 cm, woman ≥80 cm) compared with lean participants without NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident type 2 diabetes for lean participants with NAFLD and overweight or obese participants with NAFLD were 3.88 (95% CI 1.56-9.66, p<0.05) and 3.30 (95% CI 1.52-7.14, p<0.05), respectively.

Conclusion

Abdominal obesity is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes in lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.