bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Identification Method of Small-Size Polymetallic Nodules Based on Seafloor Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Sun Kai , Wu Ziyin , Wang Mingwei , Shang Jihong , Liu Zhihao , Zhao Dineng , Luo Xiaowen
Published: February 2024

Polymetallic nodules are spherical or ellipsoidal mineral aggregates formed naturally in deep-sea environments. They contain a variety of metallic elements and are important solid mineral resources on the seabed. How best to quickly and accurately identify polymetallic nodules is one of the key questions of marine development and deep-sea-mineral-resource utilization. We propose a method that uses YOLOv5s as a reference network and integrates the IoU (Intersection over Union) and the Wasserstein distance in the optimal transmission theory to accurately identify different sizes of polymetallic nodules. Experiment using deep-sea hyperspectral data obtained from the Peru Basin was performed. The results showed that better recognition effects were achieved when the fusion ratio of overlap and Wasserstein distance metric was 0.5, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm reached 84.5%, which was 6.2% higher than that of the original baseline network. In addition, the rest of the performance indexes were also improved significantly compared to traditional methods.
The Role of Dioxygen in Microbial Bio-Oxygenation: Challenging Biochemistry, Illustrated by a Short History of a Long Misunderstood Enzyme
Authors: Willetts Andrew
Published: February 2024

A Special Issue of Microorganisms devoted to ‘Microbial Biocatalysis and Biodegradation’ would be incomplete without some form of acknowledgement of the many important roles that dioxygen-dependent enzymes (principally mono- and dioxygenases) play in relevant aspects of bio-oxygenation. This is reflected by the multiple strategic roles that dioxygen -dependent microbial enzymes play both in generating valuable synthons for chemoenzymatic synthesis and in facilitating reactions that help to drive the global geochemical carbon cycle. A useful insight into this can be gained by reviewing the evolution of the current status of 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.108) from (+)-camphor-grown Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453, the key enzyme that promotes the initial ring cleavage of this natural bicyclic terpene. Over the last sixty years, the perceived nature of this monooxygenase has transmogrified significantly. Commencing in the 1960s, extensive initial studies consistently reported that the enzyme was a monomeric true flavoprotein dependent on both FMNH2 and nonheme iron as bound cofactors. However, over the last decade, all those criteria have changed absolutely, and the enzyme is currently acknowledged to be a metal ion-independent homodimeric flavin-dependent two-component mono-oxygenase deploying FMNH2 as a cosubstrate. That transition is a paradigm of the ever evolving nature of scientific knowledge.
The Complete Genome of a Novel Typical Species Thiocapsa bogorovii and Analysis of Its Central Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Petushkova Ekaterina , Khasimov Makhmadyusuf , Mayorova Ekaterina , Delegan Yanina , Frantsuzova Ekaterina , Bogun Alexander , Galkina Elena , Tsygankov Anatoly
Published: February 2024

The purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina BBS is interesting from both fundamental and practical points of view. It possesses a thermostable HydSL hydrogenase, which is involved in the reaction of reversible hydrogen activation and a unique reaction of sulfur reduction to hydrogen sulfide. It is a very promising enzyme for enzymatic hydrogenase electrodes. There are speculations that HydSL hydrogenase of purple bacteria is closely related to sulfur metabolism, but confirmation is required. For that, the full genome sequence is necessary. Here, we sequenced and assembled the complete genome of this bacterium. The analysis of the obtained whole genome, through an integrative approach that comprised estimating the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) parameters, allowed for validation of the systematic position of T. roseopersicina as T. bogorovii BBS. For the first time, we have assembled the whole genome of this typical strain of a new bacterial species and carried out its functional description against another purple sulfur bacterium: Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180T. We refined the automatic annotation of the whole genome of the bacteria T. bogorovii BBS and localized the genomic positions of several studied genes, including those involved in sulfur metabolism and genes encoding the enzymes required for the TCA and glyoxylate cycles and other central metabolic pathways. Eleven additional genes coding proteins involved in pigment biosynthesis was found.
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Biofunctionalized Nanochannel Modified Carbonaceous Electrode
Authors: Zhou Yucheng , Wang Hongxin , Xi Fengna , Lu Chao
Published: February 2024

The convenient construction of carbon-based electrochemical immunosensors with high performance is highly desirable for the efficient detection of tumor biomarkers. In this work, an electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated by integrating a biofunctionalized mesoporous silica nanochannel film with a carbon-based electrode, which can enable the sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum. The commonly used carbonaceous electrode, glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was employed as the supporting electrode and was pre-treated through electrochemical polarization to achieve the stable binding of a vertically ordered mesoporous silica film with amino groups (NH2-VMSF) without the use of any adhesive layer. To fabricate the immunorecognition interface, antibodies were covalently immobilized after the amino groups on the outer surface of NH2-VMSF was derivatized to aldehyde groups. The presence of amino sites within the high-density nanochannels of NH2-VMSF can facilitate the migration of negatively charged redox probes (Fe(CN)63-/4-) to the supporting electrode through electrostatic adsorption, leading to the generation of electrochemical signals. In the presence of CEA, the formation of immunocomplexes on the recognitive interface can reduce the electrochemical signal of Fe(CN)63-/4- on the supporting electrode. Based on this principle, the sensitive electrochemical detection of CEA was achieved. CEA can be determined to range from 0.01 ng mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 6.3 pg mL−1. The fabricated immunosensor exhibited high selectivity, and the detection of CEA in fetal bovine serum was achieved.
Promoting Nutrition and Food Sustainability Knowledge in Apprentice Chefs: An Intervention Study at The School of Italian Culinary Arts—ALMA
Authors: Franchini Cinzia , Biasini Beatrice , Giopp Francesca , Rosi Alice , Scazzina Francesca
Published: February 2024

Chefs’ decisions can greatly improve the quality of food provided and positively guide diners’ choices. Culinary students’ knowledge of healthy and sustainable nutrition is still scarcely investigated and is limited to the nutritional aspect of the diet, without considering food sustainability or the environmental impact of foods. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an educational program designed for apprentice chefs. Two questionnaires were administered twice to each student who followed dedicated lectures about nutrition and food sustainability and to other students enrolled as the control group. A total of 264 and 252 apprentice chefs of The School of Italian Culinary Arts—ALMA were enrolled in the control and intervention groups, respectively. At baseline, both groups showed a good level of nutrition knowledge, whereas food sustainability knowledge was lower in all students, regardless of the group. This educational intervention proved to be effective in improving knowledge about nutrition and the environmental impact of food production and consumption. However, a small but significant improvement in nutritional knowledge was also found over time in the control group. Finally, a food sustainability knowledge questionnaire was developed and validated for this study, providing interesting results to be treated as a guide for future developments.
Experimental Investigation of a Pulsation Reactor via Optical Methods
Authors: Zhang Chunliang , Dostál Jakub , Heidinger Stefan , Günther Stefan , Odenbach Stefan
Published: February 2024

Material treatment in pulsation reactors (PRs) offers the potential to synthesize powdery products with desirable properties, such as nano-sized particles and high specific surface areas, on an industrial scale. These exceptional material characteristics arise from specific process parameters within PRs, characterized by the periodically varying conditions and the resulting enhanced heat and mass transfer between the medium and the particulate material. Understanding flame behavior and the re-ignition mechanism is crucial to controlling the efficiency and stability of the pulse combustion process. In order to accomplish this objective, an investigation was conducted into flame behavior within the combustion chamber of a Helmholtz-type pulsation reactor. The study was focused on primarily analyzing the flame propagation process and examining flame velocity throughout the operational cycle of the reactor. Two optical methods—natural flame luminosity (NFL) and particle image velocimetry (PIV)—were applied in related experiments. An analysis of the NFL measurement data revealed a correlation between the intensity of light emitted by the pulsed flame and the air-fuel equivalence ratio (range from 0.89 to 2.08 in this study). It is observed that a lower air-fuel equivalence ratio leads to higher flame luminosity in the PR. In addition, in order to study the parameters related to system stability and energy transfer efficiency, this study also focuses on the local velocity field measurement method and an example of a fluid flow result in a combustion chamber by using a phase-locked PIV measurement system upgraded from a classic PIV system. The presented results herein contribute to the characterization of flame propagation within a pulsation reactor, as well as in pulsatile flows over one working cycle in a broader context, with flow velocity in the center of the combustion chamber ranging from 1.5 m/s to 5 m/s. Furthermore, this study offers insights into the applicable experimental methodologies for investigating the intricate interplay between flames and flows within combustion processes.
Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Orchards Discrimination in Khairpur District, Pakistan Using Spectral Separability Analysis and Machine Learning Classification
Authors: Rehman Arif Ur , Zhang Lifu , Sajjad Meer Muhammad , Raziq Abdur
Published: February 2024

Generating orchards spatial distribution maps within a heterogeneous landscape is challenging and requires fine spatial and temporal resolution images. This study examines the effectiveness of Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite data of relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions for discriminating major orchards in the Khairpur district of the Sindh province, Pakistan using machine learning methods such as random forest (RF) and a support vector machine. A Multicollinearity test (MCT) was performed among the multi-temporal S1 and S2 variables to remove those with high correlations. Six different feature combination schemes were tested, with the fusion of multi-temporal S1 and S2 (scheme-6) outperforming all other combination schemes. The spectral separability between orchards pairs was assessed using Jeffries-Matusita (JM) distance, revealing that orchard pairs were completely separable in the multi-temporal fusion of both sensors, especially the indistinguishable pair of dates-mango. The performance difference between RF and SVM was not significant, SVM showed a slightly higher accuracy, except for scheme-4 where RF performed better. This study concludes that multi-temporal fusion of S1 and S2 data, coupled with robust ML methods, offers a reliable approach for orchard classification. Prospectively, these findings will be helpful for orchard monitoring, improvement of yield estimation and precision based agricultural practices.
Using a Combination of High-Frequency Coastal Radar Dataset and Satellite Imagery to Study the Patterns Involved in the Coastal Countercurrent Events in the Gulf of Cadiz
Authors: Fanelli Claudia , Gomiz Pascual Juan Jesús , Bruno-Mejías Miguel , Navarro Gabriel
Published: February 2024

This study exploits the combination of High-Frequency Coastal Radar (HFR) information with satellite-derived observations to characterize the patterns involved in the coastal countercurrents (CCCs) events in the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC), which is situated in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula. The westward alongshore currents are observed throughout the year, but the main drivers necessary to develop this flow and its extension in both parts of the basin are not fully clear. In order to identify the main physical processes (both local and remote) that induce the development of these countercurrents and to evaluate the connection of the circulation patterns between the eastern and the western part of the GoC, we make use of several data sources available for the region. First of all, a land-based system of HFR antennas located at four different sites of the GoC provides the velocity field of the surface circulation of the basin. To achieve a significant characterization of the CCCs in the Gulf, the dataset analyzed is processed by means of a series of operations, including the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) analysis used to identify spatial and temporal variability of the flow, a low-pass filter used to isolate the sub-inertial signal of the current and temporal interpolation to fill in the missing values. Secondly, given the known importance of the zonal component of the local winds combined with the variations in the mean pressure at sea level over the Western Mediterranean during these events, time series of meteorological data are processed and correlated with the current velocity series via a statistical analysis. Finally, sea surface temperature fields and chlorophyll-a distribution patterns are used as tracers to obtain information on the extension of the countercurrents where HFR data are missing in four cases studied during the year 2017. The conducted analysis revealed the consistent occurrence of westward coastal currents throughout the year, driven in the most intense cases by a combination of the zonal component of the local wind and atmospheric pressure fluctuations over the Western Mediterranean Sea. During those events, CCCs reached the Portuguese side of the Gulf and facilitated the advection of biological material and warmer waters.
BIM Data Model Based on Multi-Scale Grids in Civil Engineering Buildings
Authors: Zhang Huangchuang , Li Ge , Pu Meilin
Published: February 2024

The construction of digital twin cities is a current research hotspot; GIS technology and BIM technology are widely used in the field of digital twin cities. However, BIM is still subject to major limitations in its applications, mainly due to huge amounts of model data, low query efficiency and accuracy, non-uniform marking systems, etc. The reason is that the BIM model itself focuses more on the expression of visual effects and lacks spatial calculation ability and the utilization of spatial location information. Secondly, the current lightweight processing methods for BIM models are mostly based on geometric transformation and rendering optimization, focusing more on the data compression and visual quality of the model, which essentially does not change the data structure of the BIM model, and it is difficult to establish the mapping relationship between spatial location and spatial data, information, and resources. In addition, current coding methods proposed for BIM models are mostly based on the line classification method, which realizes the identification of components based on the classification of their attributes, and the location information is stored according to the attributes or natural language descriptions, which need to be parsed and translated when they are used, and this procedure ignores the importance of spatial location in daily management and emergency management. The importance of spatial location in daily management and emergency management is also ignored. Based on this kind of identification code, it is impossible to directly analyze and apply spatial location data. Therefore, this paper takes the combination of GIS technology and BIM technology as the starting point and proposes a BIM data modeling method based on the BeiDou grid code, based on the efficiency of its underlying data organization and the accuracy of its real geographic location expression on the one hand and the completeness of the information expression by BIM and fine three-dimensional visualization on the other hand. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out based on the method. Through visualization modeling and efficiency experiments, different feature models are meshed to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the model. Through coding and information query experiments, the model′s data organization capability, data dynamic carrying capability, and efficient spatial computation capability and practical application capability are verified.
Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey
Authors: Plastras Stefanos , Tsoumatidis Dimitrios , Skoutas Dimitrios N. , Rouskas Angelos , Kormentzas Georgios , Skianis Charalabos
Published: February 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining popularity and market share, driven by its ability to connect devices and systems that were previously siloed, enabling new applications and services in a cost-efficient manner. Thus, the IoT fuels societal transformation and enables groundbreaking innovations like autonomous transport, robotic assistance, and remote healthcare solutions. However, when considering the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT), which refers to the expansion of IoT in remote and geographically isolated areas where neither terrestrial nor cellular networks are available, internet connectivity becomes a challenging issue. Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are increasingly gaining popularity as a solution to provide connectivity in remote areas due to the growing integration of satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with cellular networks. In this survey, we provide the technological framework for NTNs and Remote IoT, followed by a classification of the most recent scientific research on NTN-based IoRT systems. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in IoRT and identify emerging research areas with high potential. In conclusion, we present and discuss 3GPP’s roadmap for NTN standardization, which aims to establish an energy-efficient IoRT environment in the 6G era.
Constrained Cubature Particle Filter for Vehicle Navigation
Authors: Xue Li , Zhong Yongmin , Han Yulan
Published: February 2024

In vehicle navigation, it is quite common that the dynamic system is subject to various constraints, which increases the difficulty in nonlinear filtering. To address this issue, this paper presents a new constrained cubature particle filter (CCPF) for vehicle navigation. Firstly, state constraints are incorporated in the importance sampling process of the traditional cubature particle filter to enhance the accuracy of the importance density function. Subsequently, the Euclidean distance is employed to optimize the resampling process by adjusting particle weights to avoid particle degradation. Further, the convergence of the proposed CCPF is also rigorously proved, showing that the posterior probability function is converged when the particle number N → ∞. Our experimental results and the results of a comparative analysis regarding GNSS/DR (Global Navigation Satellite System/Dead Reckoning)-integrated vehicle navigation demonstrate that the proposed CCPF can effectively estimate system state under constrained conditions, leading to higher estimation accuracy than the traditional particle filter and cubature particle filter.
ASAP-IIOT: An Anonymous Secure Authentication Protocol for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Li Na , Ma Maode , Wang Hui
Published: February 2024

With the increasing demand for a digital world, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is growing rapidly across various industries. In manufacturing, particularly in Industry 4.0, the IIoT assumes a vital role. It encompasses many devices such as sensing devices, application servers, users, and authentication servers within workshop settings. The security of the IIoT is a critical issue due to wireless networks’ open and dynamic nature. Therefore, designing secure protocols among those devices is an essential aspect of IIoT security functionality and poses a significant challenge to the IIoT systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight anonymous authentication protocol to preserve privacy for IIoT users, enabling secure IIoT communication. The protocol has been validated to demonstrate its comprehensive ability to overcome various vulnerabilities and prevent malicious attacks. Finally, the performance evaluation confirms that the proposed protocol is more effective and efficient than the existing alternatives.
Dynamic Analysis of the Almagrera Tailings Dam with Dry Closure Condition
Authors: Morales-Esteban Antonio , Alpañés José Luis de Justo , Castillo Pablo , Karabulut Muhammet
Published: February 2024

In light of growing concerns over sustainability, particularly in the wake of environmental disasters like the Aznalcollar dam break, the Spanish authorities have heightened their awareness of issues surrounding ore tailings management. The main aim of this paper is to study the dynamic behavior for the dry closure of the Almagrera dam under the action of an earthquake. This study was carried out with the Plaxis 2D v9.02 program, which uses the finite element (FE) method. The dynamic analysis of the dam was interpreted in terms of deformations, displacements and principal stresses. The construction of the Uniform Seismic Hazard Acceleration Response Spectrum (USHARS) and the selection of real accelerograms for the time-history dynamic calculations is a noted feature of this research. Numerical analyses show that the dam is safe enough because a failure surface has not been formed, although several plastic zones may appear in the dam. The FE study of deformations display that the tailings may attain large deformations, displacements and failure, although this does not jeopardize the safety of the dam where the displacements are smaller than 3 mm. Neither the tailings nor the dam are expected to suffer liquefaction. It was determined that the 0.09 g threshold value is not exceeded in the acceleration-time graphs on the old reservoir field surface, which is the most critical situation.
Case Study on the Economic and Environmental Impact of the Introduction of the Variable-Rate Distribution of Fertilizer in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivation
Authors: Romano Elio , Bragaglio Andrea , Bisaglia Carlo , Assirelli Alberto , Premoli Elia , Bergonzoli Simone
Published: February 2024

Fertilization plays a strategic role in the cultivation of wheat, contributing to harvest yield, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. However, similarly to all farm inputs, it has both economic and environmental impacts due to fertilizer dispersion into the environment during its distribution, as well as any excess fertilizer not used by the crop. Precision agriculture, which introduces the possibility of distributing fertilizer following prescription maps, has an immediate effect on dosage compliance according to the request and potential for use by each homogeneous area of the crop. An experimental field (about 15 hectares) at the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) of Treviglio (BG) in Northern Italy was fertilized using a centrifugal fertilizer spreader combined with a tractor, equipped with a satellite system to distribute urea led by prescription maps. The purposes of this research were to verify (i) the effect of fertilization, performed with precision agriculture (PA) criteria at a variable rate; (ii) the comparison of the economic impact of the quantities of fertilizer required by precision agriculture compared to the distribution required in previous years (fertilizers administered according to conventional agriculture). The treated areas showed a significant yield improvement (almost 14%) when fertilization was performed according to the prescription map. With a negligible margin of error of less than 0.001, the total amount of fertilizer used was the same in both years.
Sustainable Biocatalytic Synthesis of a Second-Generation Biolubricant
Authors: Montiel María Claudia , Gómez María , Murcia María Dolores , Ortega-Requena Salvadora , Máximo Fuensanta , Bastida Josefa
Published: February 2024

Background: Biolubricants represent a category of lubricating substances derived from sustainable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and other bio-based materials. They are considered more environmentally friendly than mineral-based lubricants because they are biodegradable and nontoxic. Biolubricants derived from vegetable oils or animal fats were used as first-generation biolubricants. They have limited performance at extreme temperatures, both high and low, as well as low oxidative stability. Substitution of the double bonds by branching improves the performance and stability of the resulting second-generation biolubricants. Methods: In the past, the production of these compounds has relied on the chemical pathway. This method involves elevated temperatures and inorganic catalysts, leading to the necessity of additional purification steps, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. A more environmentally friendly alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced, in accordance with the principles of “Green Chemistry”. Results: In this paper, the esterification of 2-methylhexanoic acid with 2-octyl-1-dodecanol and its optimization were developed for the first time. The synthesis was conducted within a jacketed batch reactor connected to a thermostatic bath in a solvent-free reaction medium and using Lipozyme® 435 as biocatalyst. Conclusions: The high viscosity index value of this new hyperbranched ester (>200, ASTM D2270) suggests that it may be an excellent biolubricant to be used under extreme temperature conditions. Regarding sustainability, the main green metrics calculated point to an environmentally friendly process.
Microbial Composition of Water Kefir Grains and Their Application for the Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Ouyang Weidong , Liao Zhenlin , Yang Ximiao , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Zhong Qingping , Wang Li , Fang Xiang , Wang Jie
Published: February 2024

Water kefir grains (WKGs), the starter used to develop a traditional beverage named water kefir, consist of a symbiotic mixture of probiotics with diverse bioactivities, but little is known about their abilities to remove mycotoxins that have serious adverse effects on humans and animals. This study investigated the ability of WKGs to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic mycotoxins, under different settings, and determined the mechanism of absorption mediated by WKGs and the effect of WKGs on the toxicity induced by AFB1 and the reduction in AFB1 in cow milk and tea soups. The results showed the WKGs used herein were dominated by Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, Phenylobacterium, Sediminibacterium, Saccharomyces, Issatchenkia, and Kodamaea. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the WKGs effectively removed AFB1 at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 µg/mL, pH values ranging from 3 to 9, and temperatures ranging from 4 to 45 °C. Additionally, the removal of AFB1 mainly depended on absorption, which was consistent with the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Moreover, only 49.63% of AFB1 was released from the AFB1-WKG complex after four washes when the release of AFB1 was non-detectable. Furthermore, WKG treatment caused a dramatic reduction in the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 according to an Ames test and reduced more than 54% of AFB1 in cow milk and three tea soups. These results suggested that WKGs can act as a potential bio-absorbent with a high binding ability to detoxify AFB1 in food and feed via a chemical action step and multi-binding sites of AFB1 absorption in a wide range of scenarios.
Investigating Soil Water Retention and Water Content in Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Sun Haitao , Wang Pei , Xing Yuhua , Zhang Dapeng , Li Siying
Published: February 2024

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are becoming more common on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as permafrost thaws, but the hydraulic properties of thaw slumps have not been extensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, we used the “space-for-time substitution method” to differentiate three stages of RTSs: original grassland, collapsing, and collapsed. Our study included on-site investigations, measurements in the laboratory, and measured and simulated analyses of soil water retention curves and estimated hydrological properties. Our findings show that the measurements and simulated analyses of soil water retention were highly consistent across RTSs, indicating the accuracy of the Van Genuchten model in reproducing soil hydraulic parameters for different stages of RTSs. The original grassland stage had the highest soil water retention and content due to its high soil organic carbon (SOC) content and fine-textured micropores. In contrast, the collapsed stage had higher soil water retention and content compared to the collapsing stage, primarily due to increased proportions of soil micropores, SOC content, and lower bulk density (BD). From original grassland stage to collapsed stage, there were significant changes on the structure of each RTS site, which resulted in a decrease in SOC content and an increase in BD in general. However, the absence of soil structure and compaction led to the subsequent accumulation of organic matter, increasing SOC content. Changes in field capacity, permanent wilting point, and soil micropore distribution aligned with variations in SOC content and water content. These findings highlight the importance of managing SOC content and water content to mitigate the adverse effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil structure and stability at different thaw collapse stages of RTSs. Effective management strategies may include incorporating organic matter, reducing soil compaction, and maintaining optimal water content. Further research is needed to determine the most suitable management practices for different soil types and environmental conditions.
The Microbial Community Composition and Nitrogen Cycling Metabolic Potential of an Underground Reservoir in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
Authors: Chen Yue , Cao Xinyi , Zhang Juan , Mu Ziyao , Ma Shenjia , Liu Bojun , Cheng Yufeng , Ren Jingxuan , Ikram Rana Muhammad Adnan
Published: February 2024

Constructing underground reservoirs has emerged as a crucial strategy to address the shortage of fresh water in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China. However, the water quality, microbial community composition, and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in underground reservoirs compared to raw water remain unknown. To unveil the characteristics of microbial community structures and their nitrogen cycling metabolic potential in coastal underground reservoirs, we utilized a functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Our findings indicate that the water quality in the underground reservoir exhibits a certain degree of eutrophication compared to raw water, with higher concentrations of TN, TP, NO3−N, NO2−-N, and Chl a, but lower concentrations of DO and NH4+-N. The alpha diversity of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities was significantly lower in the underground reservoir. The bacterial community presented a stronger correlation with environmental factors than the microeukaryotic community. Regarding the relative abundance of bacterial communities, Gammaproteobacteria dominated the bacterial community in raw water, while Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria dominated the bacterial community in underground reservoir water. Additionally, the relative abundance of Nitrospirae was noticeably higher in the underground reservoir water. Moreover, we found significantly higher sequence abundance of the archaea Thaumarchaeota in the underground reservoir. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that, except for the amoA functional gene, which significantly increased the metabolic potential of nitrification, the metabolic potential of other microbial nitrogen functional genes was significantly reduced. This reduction may contribute to the lower concentration of NH4+-N in the underground reservoir. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the microbial community characteristics and their nitrogen cycling metabolic potential in underground reservoirs. It serves as a valuable reference for water source selection, the formulation of water quality assurance measures, and the construction and management of underground reservoirs for subsequent impounding.
Anti-inflammatory potential of lemongrass leaves in wound healing
Authors: Hasibuan Patimah Fitriansyari , Tambunan Andika Zayani , Mutia Maya Sari
Published: February 2024

The inflammatory stage is a normal phase of wound healing; however, inflammation can become chronic and lasts for months or years. This is a post-test with control group design study, divided with 20 male white rats into 4 groups: control group (K), treatment group 1 (P1), treatment group 2 (P2), and treatment group 3 (P3). Lemongrass leaf extract gel, simplicia leaves, stems, and roots of citronella were extracted by maceration using a 1:5 ratio of simplicia to solvent. Gel was applied twice a day (morning and evening) to each group, adhering the formulation. Macroscopic observations were made to assess the wound condition and incision length. The length of the incision wound was measured using a ruler every two days for a span of fourteen days. As the sample size was less than 50, a normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by a One-way ANOVA and a Post Hoc test. The study found that wound healing was slowest in the control group but faster in the groups treated with 10% and 15% lemongrass leaf extract. Secondary metabolites at a concentration of 15% had a positive impact on wound healing, whereas at lower concentrations, they only inhibited microorganisms, making them less effective for wound healing.
Effect of sunkist orange peel extract nanoparticle granules on the lipid profile levels in diabetic wistar rat
Authors: Mutia Maya Sari , Harahap Safriani , Nurhady Fahira Zahra , Gunawan Robby , Dewani Yunita , Chairul Muhammad , Fadillah Qori
Published: February 2024

The research was conducted to determine the effect of Sunkist orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peel extract nanoparticles in granular form on lipid profile levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study employed an experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The population for this research was Wistar rats. The study used five treatment groups, resulting in a total of 25 rats, with five rats in each treatment group, as determined using the Federer formula. After the administration of sunkist orange peel extract nanoparticles at different doses for 14 days, the results showed a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and HDL levels. The research findings demonstrated the influence of reducing lipid profile levels in diabetic rats. The effective dose for reducing the lipid profile in this study was found to be 100 mg for total cholesterol, 70 mg for triglyceride, and 70 mg for both HDL and LDL when using the ethanol extract of sunkist orange peel.
Opioid and the usage in chronic non cancer pain
Authors: Simbolon Boyke Marthin
Published: February 2024

The use of opioid in various guidelines for chronic non-cancer pain is controversial because evidence of their long-term benefits is weak. The potential for serious adverse effects and local regulations warrant caution in both prescribers and users. However, opioids have a role in the management of chronic non-cancer pain in carefully selected patients with regular monitoring and as a part of multimodal therapy. Common adverse effects should be treated promptly to improve patient compliance. We believe that opioid therapy at low doses is beneficial in some patients. It should not be denied but carefully considered on a case-by-case basis.
DESIGN CODE AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING A COMFORTABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND A WAY OF FORMING AN URBAN IDENTITY
Authors: Scherbinin E.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of design code elements as a means of creating a comfortable urban environment in conditions of rapid transformation of spheres of public life, and as a consequence of new relationships between the population and the urban environment. The design code of urban spaces is considered as the main structural element of identity and a change in the vector of urban development in the context of a decrease in the social and investment attractiveness of small and medium-sized cities, the loss of identification and originality of industrial cities and single-industry towns. The necessity of creating a unified stylistic urban environment is substantiated, due to the multiculturalism of architecture and marketing, a multinational population, which leaves its mark on the urban environment and its perception by residents. An analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the use of design code, its impact on architecture, psychological and physical health of a person, economic stimulation and social aspects of public life is carried out, and the problems of modern cities and ways to solve them using design coding are described. Based on the results of the analysis of best practices, the most current trends in the formation of a comfortable urban environment were identified using various design code elements that are most effective and attractive. Recommendations are proposed for the formation of the identity of Russian cities for participants in urban planning and management of architecture and urban planning, as well as a new look at integrated sustainable development
Eficacia de la gama de productos Pigmentbio® en hiperpigmentación localizada en cara o áreas sensibles
Authors: Ocampo Candiani Jorge , Arellano Mendoza María Ivonne , Arias Gómez María Isabel , Poletti Vázquez Eduardo David
Published: February 2024

Background. Four dermatology specialists in different cities in Mexico ran a prospective, open, multicenter study between April and October 2022. Material and Methods. Twenty - six women between 18 and 56 years old participated. The patients' weight was recorded, with an average of 63.2 kg. Regarding phototypes, 10 participants were type III, and 15 were type IV. The area affected by hyperpigmentation was evaluated, with the face being the most common, followed by the simultaneous involvement of the armpits and groin. The effect of the Pigmentbio® range on the Global Appearance Index (GAI) in different areas of the body was analyzed. Results. On the face, a progressive improvement in GAI was observed as treatment progressed. Similar results were found in the armpits and groin. Time and phototype significantly improved IGA, while age and weight did not show significance. GAI was evaluated in the same affected areas. The MELASQOL scale was used to assess patients' quality of life with melasma. The results indicated a decrease in GAI values after treatment in all areas studied. It was found that time, phototype, and age influenced dermatological quality of life. Conclusions. It is concluded that the protocol studied shows effectiveness in managing abnormal pigmentation; comparative studies are necessary.
Manejo de rítides supralabiales con complejos híbridos de ácido hialurónico
Authors: Hedding García Uriel Alfredo , Cervera Abud Rafael , Cabello Martínez Samara , López Robledo Sadot Felix , Rojas Padilla Rubí , Garrido Cruz Jonathan , Ponce Olivera Rosa María , Lara del Valle Daniela Ruth , Romano Lozano Viviana , Limón Hernández Ricardo , Martínez Arteaga Erick
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Facial rejuvenation is currently a trend in aesthetic medicine and dermatology. The supralabial region is an area with significant aging changes, and there are only a few options for aesthetic treatments to improve the appearance of the skin. Some of them are the application of botulinum toxin, cross - linked and non - cross - linked hyaluronic acid, and apparatus. Thus, it is recommended to use a combined approach when treating this area. A new procedure is presented using hybrid hyaluronic acid complexes for the bioremodeling of supralabial skin. Objective. This prospective, non - comparative, uncontrolled study brings together a series of Mexican patients who were administered intradermal stabilized hyaluronic acid hybrid complexes in the supralabial region to investigate the effectiveness and safety of their use in this area in a protocolized manner. Material and Methods. Three visits were made, and digital photographs were taken in each one. The doctor evaluated the degree of fine supralabial wrinkles. The patient assessed the degree of pain during the procedure, and the patient and the doctor evaluated the degree of satisfaction after the procedure. Likewise, an independent specialist, not involved in treating the patients, carried out an evaluation. Adverse events that occurred during the study were documented. Results. The supralabial rhytides scale score improved from 5.5 at the initial visit to 3.3 at the end of treatment. The patient's GAIS (global aesthetic improvement scale assessment) rating with the treatment outcome at the final visit was 1.4, indicating very good satisfaction. Likewise, the GAIS classification of the treating physician at the end of treatment was very satisfactory, with 1.6. Discussion. According to the ratings obtained from the treating physician (GAIS and Likert), the patient himself (GAIS), and the independent researcher (Likert), this study demonstrated aesthetic improvement in the supralabial rhytides. No adverse events were reported with the treatment. Conclusions. The supralabial rhytides scale can be treated with hybrid hyaluronic acid complexes because they remodel the extracellular matrix and stimulate the cells of the three layers of skin.
ПРАВОВИЙ РЕЖИМ ЧАСТКИ СТАТУТНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ТОВАРИСТВА, ЯКА НАБУТА У ЗВ’ЯЗКУ З ВНЕСЕННЯМ ВКЛАДУ ЗА РАХУНОК СПІЛЬНОГО МАЙНА ПОДРУЖЖЯ
Authors: Пономаренко О. М. , Мешкова К. О.
Published: February 2024

Метою статті є визначення правового режиму майна подружжя, що було внесене як вклад до статутного капіталу господарського товариства, шляхом дослідження основних теоретичних концепцій та позицій Верховного Суду з цієї проблеми. У теорії та практиці виникають складнощі з визначенням виду та правового режиму того блага, яке отримує подружжя взамін внесення вкладу до статутного капіталу господарського товариства. Це пов’язано як з недосконалістю законодавства, у якому не встановлено правовий режим частки в статутному капіталі юридичної особи як об’єкта права власності, так і недостатнім дослідженням цих питань у цивілістиці. Як наслідок, судова практика в цій категорії справ, включаючи практику Верховного Суду, є суперечливою та неоднорідною, що впливає на ефективність захисту майнових прав подружжя. Для визначення правового режиму того блага, яке подружжя отримує взамін спільного майна, унесеного одним із подружжя як вклад у формування статутного капіталу юридичної особи, слід чітко розмеловувати два види прав, які виникають у цій сфері, – право на частку (корпоративний пай) та право з частки (корпоративні права). Таким чином, замість внесеного спільного майна под.- ружжя як вкладу до статутного капіталу юридичної особи, той з подружжя, який є учасником юридичної особи набуває два види прав – право на частку (корпоративний пай) та корпоративні права. І якщо корпоративні права належать винятково тому з подружжя, який є учасником господарського товариства, то частка (корпоративний пай) є об’єктом права спільної сумісної власності подружжя та підпорядковується правилам режиму спільної сумісної власності в питаннях його здійснення, поділу та інших юридично значущих дій. Проблемам поділу майна, до складу якого входить частка в статутному капіталі господарського товариства; порядку вчинення правочинів із часткою в статутному капіталі господдарського товариства буде присвячено в статті автора
СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ДІТЕЙ У ДЕЯКИХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ
Authors: Сприндис С. І.
Published: February 2024

У статті «Становлення та розвиток системи соціального захисту дітей у деяких європейських країн» розглянута проблема прав і свобод дітей, яка займає одне з важливих місць у міжнародних відносинах. Проаналізовано захист прав дитини, який значною мірою обумовлений тим, наскільки суспільство поінформовано про права дітей, які умови склалися у суспільстві для їх розвитку. Також увагу зосереджено на аналізі етапів еволюційного становлення та розвитку системи соціального захисту дітей у деяких європейських країнах. Констатовано зародження правових форм влаштування дітей вже у княжу добу. Аналіз світового досвіду формування системи соціального захисту дітей переконує нас у тому, що захист прав дітей, зміна умов їхнього життя в суспільстві – це важлива турбота кожного дорослого громадянина, усіх громадських організацій, у якій сфері вони не діяли б. Нехтуючи ж правами дітей сьогодні, ми прирікаємо їх на труднощі в майбутньому, але й позбавляємо себе надії на підтримку, розуміння, повагу і стабільність. Проаналізовано нормативно-правові акти, що складають законодавство про соціальний захист дітей-сиріт, дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, та осіб з їх числа. Автором при дослідженні питання «Становлення та розвиток системи соціального захисту дітей у деяких оєвропейських країн» проаналізовано і досліджено історичний аспект розвитку та становлення соціального захисту дітей у країнах європейського союзу, особливо після підписання Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та Європейським Союзом, має величезне практичне значення для України. Також досліджено зміст та розвиток соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування в Польщі. Запропоновано врахування досвіду Польщі у вирішенні окреслених проблем. Сучасна Польща має власний підхід до соціального забезпечення дітей. Категорія дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, серед соціально-вразливих верств населення законодавчо не виокремлюється. Еволюція системи соціального захисту дітей відбувалася протягом тривалого часу від неорганізованих заходів до сучасних удосконалених систем на рівні держави.
ЧЛЕНИ СІМ’Ї ЯК СУБ’ЄКТИ ПРАВА НА ВІДШКОДУВАННЯ МОРАЛЬНОЇ ШКОДИ, ЗАВДАНОЇ ДЖЕРЕЛОМ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ НЕБЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Токаренко Х. О.
Published: February 2024

Метою статті є визначення кола осіб, які мають право вимоги про відшкодування моральної шкоди та встановлення обов’язкових елементів, які підлягають доведенню в суді при розгляді справ цієї категорії. Останнім часом через погіршення соціальноекономічного стану населення в Україні збільшується кількість дорожньо-транспортних пригод за участю громадян та джерел підвищеної небезпеки. У зв’язку з цим усе більшої актуальності набуває інститут відшкодування моральної шкоди заподіяної смертю фізичної особи внаслідок дії джерела підвищеної небезпеки. При розгляді судами справ цієї категорії існує низка проблемних питань, які потребують системного аналізу та врегулювання, а саме: Хто входить до кола членів сім’ї, які мають право на моральну шкоду, завдану саме джерелом підвищеної небезпеки? Хто має право на відшкодування моральної шкоди, спричиненої смертю фізичної особи? Які існують підстави відшкодування моральної шкоди? Що підлягає доведенню при розгляді судом справ про відшкодування моральної шкоди? Які обставини виокремлять право на відшкодування моральної шкоди? Відповіді на ці питання актуальні не лише для науковців, а й для звичайних громадян, які майже щодня стикаються з джерелами підвищеної небезпеки в повсякденному житті