bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of {2,2′-{cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis[(azanylylidene)methylylidene]}bis(2,4-dibromophenolato)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′}copper(II) ─ diethylformamide (1/1), C23H23Br4CuN3O3
Authors: Li Weili , Bo Yang
Published: February 2022

C23H23Br4CuN3O3, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.4769(4) Å, b = 10.7829(5) Å, c = 12.9824(5) Å, α = 98.153(2)°, β = 111.484(2)°, γ = 105.035(2)°, V = 1271.43(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0338, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1158, T = 273.15 K.
How does experience teaching in Japanese EFL classrooms inform English native-speaker educators classroom practices? The negotiation of face in university classrooms
Authors: Kidd Joshua
Published: February 2022

Language teachers experience a range of challenges unique to the cultural and social contexts in which they work. To negotiate these challenges and facilitate language acquisition, teachers draw on linguistic and sociocultural knowledge of the L1 and L2. United by a desire to develop and/or maintain positive aspects of face, students and their teachers employ culturally, socially and individually informed communicative strategies and behaviour to demonstrate individual worth and maintain classroom appropriateness. In this study, we analyzed the insights and practices of experienced and less experienced English native-speaker teachers (ENSTs) working with Japanese university students to identify challenges encountered within the classroom. The experienced language teachers (ExTs) identified a diverse array of challenges including student mental health, teacher fatigue and assessment transparency. In contrast, the less experienced teachers (LExTs) agreed that key challenges were student silence, use of the L1, and students sharing information. Focusing on the themes identified by the LExTs, we observed student/teacher interaction during learning activities and isolated the linguistic practices and behaviours employed by both groups of teachers. Through examining classroom exchanges we hope to arrive at a deeper understanding of the linguistic politeness strategies employed by ENSTs and potential implications for the negotiation of face.
The United States and Asia in 2021
Authors: Roehrig Terence
Published: February 2022

The past year was a transition, with President Biden proclaiming “America is back,” signaling a change in the agenda and style of US foreign policy. Yet the Biden administration’s approach in the Indo-Pacific has been one of both continuity and change. “Strategic competition” remains the focus of US–China relations, with tensions increasing and few signs of improvement. Yet, it is imperative that this relationship be managed carefully in the years ahead to keep competition from turning into military conflict.
North Korea in 2021
Authors: Han Sukhee , Kim Dongchan
Published: February 2022

Continuing the trendline of 2020, North Korea’s key priorities in 2021 were to tighten its belt economically and control the COVID-19 pandemic. Those two goals were related. With its healthcare system no match for such a public health crisis, the government continued its utmost effort to prevent a COVID-19 disaster through the near-complete closure of its borders, severely hampering vital trade with China. As seen in the 8th Congress of the Workers’ Party of North Korea, however, chairman Kim Jong-un also prioritized maintaining an assertive stance toward the United States, even to the point of abjuring negotiations with Washington that might have unlocked vaccines or medical assistance. Instead, North Korea frequently criticized the US’s “hostile position” and carried out a variety of missile tests, which seemed more provocative and capable throughout the year. Pyongyang also restarted the Yongbyon nuclear facilities for producing fissile materials. This assertive and provocative behavior was emboldened by steadily closer ties with traditional allies, notably China and Russia. Meanwhile, North Korea largely showed a cold, dismissive attitude to its southern counterpart.
Malaysia in 2021
Authors: Ostwald Kai
Published: February 2022

Malaysia remained firmly in the grip of both the COVID-19 pandemic and economic turmoil in 2021. Ongoing political instability led to an emergency proclamation that suspended Parliament for the first time since 1969, followed by an unprecedented public rebuke of political leaders by the Malaysian king, and the third new government in as many years. This returned the long-dominant UMNO to power. An unexpected political ceasefire promised extensive reforms, but their implementation was uncertain.
Myanmar in 2021
Authors: Reny Marie-Eve
Published: February 2022

Parliament did not have a chance to convene under the newly elected National League for Democracy administration. Before the first parliamentary session was to take place in early February, the military detained the leaders of the incoming administration and took control of the executive. It justified its actions by saying elections in November 2020 were fraudulent and the Union Election Commission had refused to investigate possible irregularities in the vote. Although the military said new elections would be held within two years, its rule might not be temporary.
Laos in 2021
Authors: Rehbein Boike
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a weakening of the formal economy and a crisis of the informal economy in Laos. The population has responded with a partial return to subsistence farming, which almost the entire rural population had been engaged in anyway. The return to subsistence farming was accompanied by a revival of the subsistence ethic, which is compatible neither with Stalinist socialism nor with capitalism. In the current configuration, the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party is in a position to take advantage of this revival, since it seems to support a communitarian morality, anti-capitalism, and self-sufficiency, which the socialist rhetoric of recent years has been propagating. The socialist rhetoric as well as the leadership of the LPRP were reconfirmed by its national congress in January. Social, political, and economic forces seem to complement each other to a larger degree than in the first two decades of the century.
India in 2021
Authors: Bhavnani Rikhil R. , Bhogale Saloni
Published: February 2022

A positive start to 2021 ended abruptly when the Delta variant of COVID-19 swept over India, killing millions. Since peaking in May, the pandemic has abated, and the government has vaccinated a large share of the population. The Bharatiya Janata Party continues to dominate the country’s politics, having centralized power further despite a lackluster performance in state elections. The economy recovered vigorously from its COVID-induced recession of 2020, but it is unclear whether growth will return to the 8–9% annual rates witnessed in the 2000s. India is more bogged down in its neighborhood than before: it has been unable to retrieve the territory it lost to China last year, and the fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban threatens an increase in terrorism in Kashmir. The country is at a crossroads, and much will depend on how the relatively unfettered senior leadership of the BJP responds to these challenges.
Sri Lanka in 2021
Authors: Klem Bart , Samararatne Dinesha
Published: February 2022

The Rajapaksa government consolidated its position with new laws, special task forces, and public-sector appointments. With the opposition wiped out, Sri Lanka now has a unipolar political landscape. Two successive waves of COVID-19 infections caused a rising death toll and necessitated severe lockdowns. The resulting economic problems exposed structural weaknesses in Sri Lanka’s macroeconomic constellation, with depleting foreign exchange and an acute debt burden. These interlocking crises triggered new forms of protest and a new convergence of previously disparate societal opposition.
Dynamic analysis of a fractional-order SIRS model with time delay
Authors: Zhou Xueyong , Wang Mengya
Published: February 2022

Mathematical modeling plays a vital role in the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Policy makers can provide the effective interventions by the relevant results of the epidemic models. In this paper, we build a fractional-order SIRS epidemic model with time delay and logistic growth, and we discuss the dynamical behavior of the model, such as the local stability of the equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation around the endemic equilibrium. We present the numerical simulations to verify the theoretical analysis.
Randomized study of the effects of quantum resonance technology application on human psychophysiological parameters
Authors: KG Korotkov , OA Churganov , EA Gavrilova
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the Quantum Resonance Technology Yippi Wave 3.0 mobile application on the human psychophysiology. Design: An open, randomized, placebo - controlled trials for two weeks. Participants were measured initially, randomly divided into two groups (test and control) and measured two weeks later after listening to programs twice a day: experimental group - Yippi Wave 3.0 audio mobile application; control group - classical music. Subjects: 50 apparently healthy adults, age 22 – 56 aged, 18 men and 32women, randomly divided into two groups of 25 people. Randomization was based on the principle of random numbers. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. All participants signed an informed consent form, where a written and oral explanation of the research protocol was provided. Outcome measures: Physical examination by a therapist, psychological testing, rhythmocardiography, biofield parameters analysis. Results: Participants using Quantum Resonance Technology (Yippi Wave 3.0) apps for two weeks demonstrated positive changes of psychophysiology parameters, while the participants in the control group demonstrated a negative trend of these parameters. Conclusions: Quantum Resonance Technology (Yippi Wave 3.0) applications have wellness and energized effects on humans
Fast pyrolysis biochar in eucalyptus seedling production
Authors: Mazette Samara , Moura Morales Marina , v Jair , Miranda Flavia , Moura Francisco Jose , Andrade Ednaldo
Published: February 2022

The main species of Brazilian forestry is Eucalyptus, this specie is adapted to our soil and climatic conditions, also we have hybrids and clones ideally suited for different timber uses and the silvicultural treatments are well know. The experiment was set up with nursery substrate (NS) and mixtures of NS with biochar (BC) at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% to evaluate the seedling production of Eucaliptussp. clones VM01 and I144. Stem diameter, height, number of sheets, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots and Dickson index were evaluated.The BC did not improve seedling growth compared to NS, but ratios below to 10% should be considered for this purpose
Involvements of food grade dialdehydic pectin as cross-linker and soy protein as additive in the production of MNP-CLEA-lipase from Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Aziz Al Safi Nur Amalin fi Abd , Yusof Faridah , Suhaida Azmi Azlin
Published: February 2022

Skim latex from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) contains many useful enzymes that can be utilized to produce value-added products. Lipase recovered from skim latex serum was immobilized via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technology, while supported by magnetic nanoparticles termed ‘MNP-CLEA-lipase’. One of the main advantages of this method is, the biocatalyst can be easily recovered by a magnetic field for recycling. In this research, dialdehydic pectin was used as the cross-linking agent, replacing glutaraldehyde, and soy protein was used as an additive, replacing bovine serum albumin (BSA). The operating conditions for the preparation of the most active MNP-CLEA-lipase were optimized statistically. Dialdehydic pectin and soy protein showed optimum operating conditions at 180 mg/mL and 0.6% (w/v) respectively and with (NH4)2SO4 at 80% saturation, giving a Residual Activity (RA) of 154%. The optimum temperature for MNP-CLEA-lipase was at 40°C (127% RA) while the optimum pH was at 8 (127% RA). It retained 20% RA after 100 days of storage. The reusability test showed that it maintained 7% RA after the 10th cycle. This research showed two advantages; first, that value-added products can be recovered from agricultural waste, and second, by alternating to low-cost food-grade cross-linkers and additives, enhanced biocatalyst can be produced which can be safely used in the beverage and food industries
Multicomponent stress-strength reliability based on a right long-tailed distribution
Authors: PASHA-ZANOOSİ Hossein , POURDARVİSH Ahmad
Published: February 2022

This article deals with the problem of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength (MSS) model when both stress and strength variables are from inverse Kumaraswamy distribution. The reliability of the system is estimated using classical and Bayesian approaches when the common second shape parameter is known or unknown. The maximum likelihood estimation and its asymptotic confidence interval for the reliability of the system are obtained. Furthermore, two other asymptotic confidence intervals are computed based on Logit and Arcsin transformations. The uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator for the reliability of the MSS model is obtained when the common second shape parameter is known. The Bayes estimate is obtained exactly when the second shape parameter is known and it is approximated by using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain method when the second shape parameter is unknown. The highest probability density credible interval is established using the Gibbs sampling technique. Monte Carlo simulations are implemented to compare the different proposed methods. Finally, two real data sets are presented in support of the suggested procedures.
Sum-of-Products with Default Values: Algorithms and Complexity Results
Authors: Ganian Robert , Kim Eun Jung , Slivovsky Friedrich , Szeider Stefan
Published: February 2022

Weighted Counting for Constraint Satisfaction with Default Values (#CSPD) is a powerful special case of the sum-of-products problem that admits succinct encodings of #CSP, #SAT, and inference in probabilistic graphical models. We investigate #CSPD under the fundamental parameter of incidence treewidth (i.e., the treewidth of the incidence graph of the constraint hypergraph). We show that if the incidence treewidth is bounded, #CSPD can be solved in polynomial time. More specifically, we show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable for the combined parameter incidence treewidth, domain size, and support size (the maximum number of non-default tuples in a constraint). This generalizes known results on the fixed-parameter tractability of #CSPD under the combined parameter primal treewidth and domain size. We further prove that the problem is not fixed-parameter tractable if any of the three components is dropped from the parameterization.
Long-term performance of MgO–SiO2 binder
Authors: Shah Vineet , Dhakal Milap , Scott Allan
Published: February 2022

Magnesium silicate hydrate (M–S–H) formed on reaction of MgO and reactive SiO2 imparts binding characteristics similar to Portland cement (PC). Limited knowledge is available on the long-term mechanical and durability performance of M–S–H binder systems. In this study, the performance of MgO–SiO2 binder was assessed up to 365 days. In addition to silica fume (SF), the most widely used silica source with MgO, calcined clay (CC) with kaolinite content of ~ 40–50% and industrial grade metakaolin (MK) were also investigated. Mortar specimens were prepared with all the three silica sources at three different proportion levels of MgO and silica source. Thermodynamic modelling was carried out to further understand the changes occurring in the phase assemblage during hydration for the adopted proportions. Concrete mixes comprising of MgO and MK or SF in a ratio of 1:1 and PC as a control mix were cast a water to binder ratio of 0.4. The compressive strength and porosity were measured at 7, 28, 90 and 365 days on mortar and concrete specimens. In addition, elastic modulus and electrical resistivity was also measured on the concrete samples at all the above-mentioned ages. MgO mixes with CC and MK showed a continual increase in compressive strength until 365 days whereas strength retrogression was observed in MgO–SF mixes after 90 days. The durability indicators for MgO–MK concrete showed better or similar performance as compared to PC. The aluminum present in the CC and MK helps to improve the overall characteristics of the MgO–SiO2 binder.
THE ROLE OF CONTRACTUAL PRINCIPLES IN CONTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN GERMANY: IS THERE A LESSON TO LEARN FOR SOUTH AFRICA? PART 2
Authors: Marlize Ingrid van Jaarsveld
Published: February 2022

An employment contract is preceded by the conclusion of a valid contract between an employee and an employer. Prior to the commencement of an employment relationship the parties must be in agreement as regards the terms of their contract. It was traditionally accepted that the parties entered into a contract in the hope of securing reciprocal advantages for themselves, and that the parties accordingly should be able to contract on the terms they desired. This argument lost momentum seeing that the employment relationship became even more curtailed by various statutory provisions. Likewise, the contractual freedom of employers and employees alike to determine the terms of their contractual relationship has been limited in Germany by various enactments. The role and impact of traditional contractual principles as they present in contemporary employment relationships in Germany are explored in this article, ultimately to determine whether these principles remain significant at all. It is established that these traditional contractual principles, emanating from an employment relationship, not only remain essential, but moreover continue to featurein contemporary employment relationships in Germany in a distinctive and unique way. Furthermore the ongoing interaction between these contractual principles and the provisions of statute is regarded as valuable for employment relationships in South Africa.
THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE STATE’S INTERVENTION WITH THE PRACTICE OF MALE TRADITIONAL CIRCUMCISION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Temba Maseko
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the constitutionality of the state’s intervention with the practice of male traditional circumcision in South Africa. The state intervened in the practice of traditional circumcision by promulgating legislation aimed at providing the observationof health standards in traditional circumcision, the issuing of permission for the performance of a circumcision operation and holding of circumcision schools. Provincial statutes are promulgated the Application of Health Standards in Traditional Circumcision Act 6 of 2001; Free State Initiation Schools Act 1 of 2004 and Northern Province Circumcision Schools Act 6 of 1996. Recently, in 2005 the state introduced the Children’s Act 35 of 2005, to give effect to the Constitutional rights of children by prohibiting children below the age of 16 from being subjected to traditional circumcision that is detrimental to their well-being and also protecting them from discrimination, exploitation and from any other physical, emotional or moral harm. The first part of this article discusses the initiates’ cultural right to practise traditional circumcision. The second part considers other constitutional rights to which the initiates are entitled. The final section analyzes the constitutionality of the state’s intervention with the practice of traditional circumcision.On the question whether the state’s legislative intervention is constitutional, this article applies the internal limitation in section 30 and 31 of the Constitution and the general limitation clause in terms of section 36. The article concludes that the state’s legislative intervention, in the practice of traditional circumcision, is justifiable both in terms of internal limitation in section 30 and 31(2) and the general limitation clause of section 36.
RE(VIEWING) THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT’S DECISION IN SIDUMO
Authors: Jonathan Partington  , Adriaan van der Walt
Published: February 2022

In Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd (2007 12 BLLR 1097 (CC); 2007 28 ILJ 2405 (CC); 2008 2 SA 24 (CC)) the Constitutional Court made two findings of immense significance for dismissed employees: firstly, the court rejected the use of the socalled “reasonable employer” test in our law, which required arbitrators and courts evaluating the fairness of a dismissal for proven misconduct to treat the employer’s decision on sanction with a measure of deference; and secondly, on scrutiny of the more controversial issue before the court, to wit the basis, if any, upon which arbitrators are obliged to make reasonable decisions, the court (in confirming thatarbitrators remain so obliged) held that the obligation to do so suffuses section 145 of the LRA ,and the extended review grounds of PAJA do not apply. In the present article these conclusions are critically analysed and evaluated, and a number of submissions are made, inter alia: it is submitted that the Constitutional Court’s rejection of the “reasonable employer” test was premised on a fundamental misinterpretation of what the test postulates; it is submitted that while the court’s attempt to locate the reasonableness standard within the LRA was perhaps justifiable, the court failed to consider properly, or indeed at all, the wording of section 145 and its history, with the consequence that the court failed to appreciate that section 145 (save on an unduly strained interpretation) could not conceivably be construed to cater, in itself and without more, for the scope of the constitutional right to just administrative action; and further, that the labour landscape post-Sidumo is one bathed in greater uncertainty. In conclusion, the authors pose the questionwhether, on a review of Sidumo, the Constitutional Court should not be considered to have fallen short of fulfilling its constitutional obligations under the rule of law.
Control of Listeria monocytogenes in milk by using phage cocktail
Authors: SANLIBABA PINAR , Buzrul Sencer
Published: February 2022

Biocontrol applications such as using phages against the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes are promising trends in terms of reducing the use of chemical additives in food industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Listex P100 phage (phage P100) on different Listeria monocytogenes strains (PL2, PL3, PL9 and PL10) in pasteurized milk and broth. Survival data of L. monocytogenes were successfully described by Weibull model. Time parameter of the Weibull model was used to evaluate the phage-resistances of L. monocytogenes strains. The reduction of L. monocytogenes was greater in broth than in milk regardless of the temperature level and it was significantly higher at 30 °C than at 4 °C in both media. The reductions of L. monocytogenes strains by the phage treatment were between 2.7 to 3.4 log10 units at 30 °C and 1.4 to 2.1 log10 units at 4 °C after 4 days of incubation in broth whereas 1.9 to 2.9 log10 units and 1.0 to1.6 log10 units were observed after 4 days of incubation in milk at 30 °C and 4 °C, respectively. It was found that L. monocytogenes PL2 is the most phage-resistant strain in broth at 30 °C and at 4 °C, and in milk at 30 °C, while L. monocytogenes PL9 is the most phage-resistant L. monocytogenes strain in milk at 4 °C. This study demonstrated P100 phage could be used to control L. monocytogenes counts in milk.
Reduction of negative externalities due to the use of waste in product development: circular economy in the Chilean olive industry
Authors: Kern Falcón Werther , Schwartz Melgar Marco , Marchant Silva Ricardo
Published: February 2022

The circular economy, as a factor of sustainable development, is an innovative practice of resource allocation that considers the production of goods and the reuse of their waste. Society values the circular economy, since it contributes to the reduction of negative externalities arising from the operation of certain industries that generate waste that is harmful to the environment. In this work, the magnitude of the negative externality represented by the accumulation of the waste called "alperujo" in the olive sector in Chile is evaluated, identifying, and validating new businesses developed from its reuse. For this purpose, a portfolio of viable options for the valorization of alperujo was constituted, based on a contextual analysis, the application of Product-Market Fit and the participation of a focus group, which allowed estimating the reduction of the negative externality, because of the use of alperujo. This industry externality comes from the generation of 120,000 t/year of waste, with an estimated value of USD 10.48 million. The alperujo, in the form of paste or extract, can be incorporated in the production of snacks, antioxidant drinks and yogurt. The sum of the NPV of the three businesses reaches USD 11.63 million, which allows compensating the estimated negative externality with a favorable margin, using 1.8% of the alperujo generated annually in Chile. This study contributes to the validation of the circular business model in a relevant sector of the Chilean export economy.
miR-212-3p attenuates neuroinflammation of rats with Alzheimer's disease via regulating the SP1/BACE1/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Nong Wei , Bao Chuanhong , Chen Yixin , Wei Zhiquan
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) ranks as the leading cause of dementia. MicroRNA (miR)-212-3p has been identified to exert neuroprotective effects on brain disorders. The current study analyzed the protective role of miR-212-3p in AD rats via regulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. The AD rat model was established via injection of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), followed by the Morris water maze test. The morphology and functions of neurons were observed. Furthermore, miR-212-3p, NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, gasdermin D N-terminus, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 expressions were measured. H19-7 cells were treated with Aβ1-42 to establish the AD cell model, followed by an assessment of cell viability and pyroptosis. Downstream targets of miR-212-3p and specificity protein 1 (SP1), as well as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) were predicted by databases and testified using dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. miR-212-3p was weakly expressed in AD rats. miR-212-3p overexpression was linked to improved learning and memory capacities of AD rats and reduced neuronal pyroptosis linked to neuroinflammation attenuation. In vitro, miR-212-3p improved viability and suppressed pyroptosis of neurons via inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1. Overall, miR-212-3p inhibited SP1 expression to block BACE1-induced activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1, thereby attenuating neuroinflammation of AD rats.
[RETRACTED] F1 Keto - Maximum Strength Keto Weight Loss Pills v1
Authors: not provided koalemretao
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://lexcliq.com/f1-keto-scam-supplement-or-weight-loss-pills/
Political Communication on Social Media: The Analysis of YouTube Advertisements for March 31, 2019 Local Elections
Authors: BALCI Şükrü , SARITAŞ Hamide
Published: February 2022

In recent years, social media applications have been remarkably used in providing political information
and participation. Social media is approached as a new meeting area where political actors and voters
interact in political communication. Politicians actively and effectively use this medium during and beyond
their election campaigns, particularly YouTube, which allows to see the number of views, the opportunity
to comment on the videos and direct sharing. This article analyses the use of YouTube as a political
communication medium by Turkey’s five most popular political parties represented in the Grand National
Assembly; AK Party, CHP, HDP, MHP and IYI Party; during March 31, 2019 Local Elections. The sample of
this research consists of 120 political advertisements published on these political parties’ official YouTube
channels. The political advertisements were analysed by content analysis technique as a qualitative research
method. According to the findings, the parties mostly prefer positive advertising language as an election
strategy. In addition, we determined that the political advertisements published by CHP were closed to user
interaction, and the other parties did not publish replies to the user comments on their advertisements.
In sum, this paper argues that the parties utilized YouTube for promotion purposes in the same way as
traditional media tools during this election period.
Prosocial competency-based model of a future teacher
Authors: Eroshenkova E. I. , Shapovalova I. S. , Karabutova E. A. , Anokhina S. V. , Miroshnikova O. S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction.Modern general and specific pedagogical trends, mega-trends and challenges in the future education system make it necessary to change the professional training programmes of future teachers, to clarify the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate. To achieve pedagogical aims of not only subject, but also of metasubject, educational, social, team-building, helpand project-based character, it is important to form  prosocial competencies of future teachers that allow building “person to person help itinerary”.

Theaimof the article is to provide theoretical justification and empirical verification of the significant prosocial competencies and individual mindsets of future teachers in the structure of the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate according to the future education challenges and priorities.

Methodology, methods and techniques.The present research is done in accordance with the methodological principles of integrative, competency-based, culturological and prosocial approaches. An online survey for 582 students of the Institute of Pedagogy of the Belgorod State National Research University was used as a research method. The survey is based on the content-analysis and the content-generalisation of some employment diagnostics for future teachers, as well as the Russian education current regulatory framework.

Results.As a result, 36 leading elements in the competency-based model of a future teacher were identified; and the most popular prosocial competencies quartiles (Q1 – “most important”, Q2 – “highly important”, Q3 – “solicited”, Q4 – “most desirable”) were highlighted. Such pedagogical competencies as “subject proficiency” and “humanism, respect for the individual, humanity” are among the leading ones. In the light of priorities within the competency-based model of a future teacher, the flexibility of the specific university training programmes is also revealed. Moreover, the students’ responses allow determining “the ability to develop the other people’s talents and skills” and “the ability to help the other people” as the competencies of the prosocial vector of the competency-based model of a future teacher.

Thescientific noveltylies in the development of the prosocial competency-based model of a future teacher and in the allocation of 3 clusters of regulatory (stability and adaptability), affective (empathy and communication skills) and stimulating (time management and planning skills) competencies in its structure.

Thepractical significancelies in the use of the materials as starting points for improving the competency-based model of a pedagogical university graduate.
The discrepancy evaluation model in the implementation of online learning (on the basis of parents’ perceptions)
Authors: Bulkani B. , Setiawan M. A. , Wahidah W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The evaluation of online learning is an attempt to see the extent of the education process in Indonesia. This evaluation study seen from parents’ perception is a new study that has not been carried out. Most dominant researchers evaluate the learning process by emphasising the school, but it has not been touched from the parent’s side.

Aim. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of online learning based on the perceptions of parents of students.

Research methodology and methods. A discrepancy evaluation model method is used in the present research. The discrepancy evaluation model embodies five stages of evaluation: reviewing designs and standards, comparing implementation strategies, reviewing whether the process produces goals, comparing discrepancies with objectives, and cost and benefit analysis. The research subjects were 231 parents, who were involved using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using online questionnaires and interview sheets. A table of evaluation criteria and descriptive analysis were employed to analyse the data.

Results and scientific novelty. The study results show that the implementation of online learning can run well, but the government needs to prepare appropriate policies to maintain the quality of learning. On average, 72.82% of parents think that the online learning process is sufficient. There are still psychological obstacles in the form of fatigue, anxiety, too many tasks, and technical obstacles in the form of a slow Internet network and the lack of availability of online learning facilities such as cellphones, laptops, personal computers, which are input and follow-up devices for schools, so that online learning is expected to continue to be improved increasing its effectiveness.

Practical significance. This research implies that evaluation is one of the indicators that can measure the success of a programme. To implement the online learning programme, namely in junior high schools in Indonesia, it is necessary to have a special education policy by paying attention to the segmentation of the characteristics of parents, especially groups of low-income parents and education level.
Bullying and cyberbullying in a modern school
Authors: Nazarov V. L. , Averbuk N. V. , Buinacheva A. V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. One of the aspects of digitalisation of education is the transfer of interpersonal relations and group processes into a virtual environment. Bullying, one of the biggest problems in school communities, is also relevant when communicating on the Internet. The danger of both bullying and cyberbullying is that the bullying processes can be hidden from the eyes of adults, which makes it difficult to counteract, because from the outside the situation may seem favourable. For the same reason, the scope of the phenomenon needs to be assessed and clarified.

Aim. The current research aimed to investigate students’ subjective perceptions of the manifestations and experiences of bullying and cyberbullying in educational and online environment.

Methodology and research methods. To study the problem, a questionnaire was developed to identify the type and form of participation in school bullying and cyberbullying. The questionnaire survey was carried out among 1762 middle-level students of educational organisations of general secondary education and secondary vocational training in Ekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region.

Results. The presence of both school bullying and cyberbullying in the educational organisations of the Sverdlovsk region was revealed. The most common forms of both types of persecution and distribution by type of participation were identified. Distribution in school bullying: victims – 35.5%, instigators – 15.7%, ordinary participants – 11.5%, witnesses – 42.0%. In school cyberbullying: victims – 20.4%, aggressors – 7.7%, instigators – 4.7%, ordinary participants – 6.4%, witnesses – 20.4%. The transformation of school bullying in the digital space preserves the structure, types of participation, but adapts the forms of bullying and the degree of involvement of the participants. It can be argued that the involvement in cyberbullying (in all roles) is lower than the involvement in school bullying. The research results make it possible to start a study of the dependence of the forms and motivation of the persecutors on the space, in which these relations are realised.

Scientific novelty. The present research demonstrates a cross-cutting comparison of various forms of bullying and cyberbullying in school communities, recorded in representatives by different forms of bullying (victim, stalker, witness).

Practical significance. The questionnaire proposed in this paper can be used for the further analytical research on bullying and cyberbullying in school communities.
Comparison of efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination with palonosetron alone or dexamethasone alone for prophylaxis against post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholycystectomy
Authors: Choudhary Manju , Jain Priyanka , Kalra Poonam
Published: February 2022

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is highly distressing and unpleasant symptom. Palonosetron and dexamethasone are effective antiemetics with minimal side effect profile. This study compared the efficacy of palonosetron dexamethasone combination with palonosetron alone and dexamethasone alone for prevention of PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This prospective, randomised, double-blind study was done on 150 adults, American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II patients, aged 18-60 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. They were allocated to three groups which were to receive either of the three treatment regimens: Group A, (n = 50) Dexamethasone 8 mg plus Palonosetron 0.075 mg OR GroupB (n = 50) Palonosetron 0.075 mg Alone OR Group C (n = 50) Dexamethasone 8 mg Alone. The primary outcome was incidence of PONV in 24 h and the secondary outcome was a number of rescue antiemetic required. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the means amongst three groups. To compare the proportions in the groups, Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test/Two proportions Z-test was applied as appropriate.

Overall incidences of PONV in the study 24 h postoperatively were 22% in group A, 42% in group B and 86% in group C in 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.001). Requirement of rescue antiemetic was more in dexamethasone group than other two groups.

Palonosetron alone and palonosetron-dexamethasone combination were equally effective in the prevention of PONV. Dexamethasone alone was least effective amongst the three groups. There is no difference between palonosetron and palonosetron-dexamethasone for PONV prevention.
Evaluation of single dose ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium bromide- A prospective randomized double blind study
Authors: Kumar Prem , Kumar Sathesh , Manidas Robin , Eswar VV Vishnu
Published: February 2022

Ephedrine, an α1 and β agonist, that increases blood flow to muscles and thus increases the cardiac output. This concept is used in this study as speed by which the drug reaches the neuromuscular junction partly determines the onset of action of muscle relaxants. Our hypothesis was that ephedrine could hasten the onset of action of rocuronium bromide. The onset time of rocuronium was shorter after administration of ephedrine and there was no difference in the laryngoscopic viewsand hemodynamics between the two groups.

Evaluation of the effects of a single dose of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium bromide and hemodynamic parameters during induction sequence and on the laryngoscopic views.

Prospective randomized double blinded study.

50 patients of the age 18 years or above belonging to ASA I or II posted for elective ENT surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups, namely Group E (ephedrine) and Group S(saline) by computer generated random allocation.

Onset time of rocuronium, POGO score and hemodynamics were analyzed using student’s t-test and the results are shown as mean and standard deviation.

The onset time of neuromuscular blockade for tracheal intubation was significantly shorter in ephedrine group. Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both groups, so were the laryngoscopic views.

Pre induction ephedrine administration dose of 70 mcg/kg hastens the onset of action of rocuronium bromide with minimal hemodynamic changes.
Comparative study of Dexmedetomidine, Lignocaine and their combination for the attenuation of hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation
Authors: Gosavi Kundan , Dube Susanta , Admane Gajanan
Published: February 2022

The procedure of laryngoscopy and intubation produces short-lived sympathoadrenal response which may be detrimental to high risk patients and sometimes may even be life-threatening. We enrolled 120 patients, ASA I&II, 20-55 year old undergoing elective surgerical procedure under general anesthesia (GA) and they were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups. Group D (Dexmedetomidine), Group L (Lignocaine) and Group DL (Dexmedetomidine plus Lignocaine). Patients were premedicated with routine drugs then Group D- received Dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg infusion over 10 mins and Normal saline over 3 mins, Group L- received 10 ml normal saline infusion over 10 mins and Lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg over 3 mins and Group DL- received Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg infusion over 10 mins followed by Lignocaine 1 mg/kg over 3 mins and patients were given GA. Vital parameters such as HR, SAP, DAP and MAP were recorded, at baseline, after study drug administration, after induction, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 mins after intubation. It was found that the mean HR and BP in group DL remained below baseline value during the entire study period of 15 mins post intubation.It was concluded that the combination of low dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 mcg/kg) and lignocaine (1mg/kg) effectively attenuates the pressor response during laryngoscopy and intubation without any hemodynamic side effects when compared with Lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) alone or high dose of Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg) alone.
Incidence, prevalence and prognostic implications of right-sided heart failure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A prospective observational study
Authors: Agarwal Sonika , Rana Pankaj , Khanduri Sushant , Singh Mukta , Kaushik Reshma
Published: February 2022

: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a heterogeneous disease which involves both the alveoli and pulmonary vessels. Acute cor pulmonale was initially considered as a marker of severity but its impact on outcome is still controversial.

: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of nine months in ICU of a tertiary care center in India. Out of 2028 patient admitted in ICU 64 patients with ARDS (Berlins definition) underwent transthoracic echocardiography within 3 days of admission after diagnosis.

: Acute cor pulmonale(ACP) was detected in 23 (36%) patients. Patients with ACP have greater the severity of disease and higher APACHE score as compared to those without ACP.Ph, PCO and P/F ratio appears to be the independent risk factor in patients for ACP in ARDS.Patients with ACP in ARDS had a higher incidence of shock and mortality(43.5%).

ACP is quite common in ARDS. Due to its effect on the outcome, it appears to be a major factor in deciding ventilatory strategy in patients with ARDS. Right ventricle protective approach of ventilation keeps lung and heart connected.
Effect of two different dosages of adjunct magnesium sulfate on interscalene nerve blockade: A double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , Emani Aishwarya
Published: February 2022

Interscalene nerve block is very commonly performed for clavicle & proximal humerus surgeries. However very few studies have evaluated the effect of add on magnesium sulphate to local anaesthetic for interscalene nerve block.

Sixty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II undergoing surgeries for fracture clavicle and proximal humerus were recruited in this trial. Following randomisation, ultrasound guided interscalene block was performed with 10ml of 2% lignocaine and 20ml of 0.5% bupivacaine either with adjunct 125 mg (MS 125 group, n=30) or 250 mg (MS 250 group, n=30) magnesium sulphate. Primary outcome was to measure and compare the postoperative analgesia, duration of sensory and motor blockade.

There was no significant difference between the groups in the duration of sensory blockade [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 505.3±44.6 (500) minutes v/s 501.1±45.9(498) minutes; p= 0.65], duration of motor blockade [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 314.9±31.1(307) minutes v/s 311.4±34.2(305) minutes; p= 0.7] and the duration of post-operative analgesia [MS 125 v/s MS 250; Mean±SD [Median]; 519±46.1(512) minutes v/s 498±95.8(507 minutes); p=0.43].

Magnesium sulfate at the dose of 125 mg is equally effective as 250 mg for prolonging sensory and motor blockade as well as for post-operative analgesia when used as an adjunct to bupivacaine and lignocaine during interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Our study is limited by small sample size. Further studies with larger sample size are needed.
A randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2, 4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges Vs warm saline gargles Vs control in the prevention and treatment of post-operative sore throat after endotracheal intubation
Authors: Phalgune Deepak , Dilawer Munira A , Mutha Sandeep , Gaikwad Ajit
Published: February 2022

The incidence of a post-operative sore throat (POST) varied from 21%–100% in intubated patients. Numerous non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (AMC-2,4-DCBA) lozenges against warm normal saline (0.9%) gargles versus control in preventing and treating POST after extubation of the patients who have undergone surgical procedures under general anaesthesia.

This single-blind randomised controlled study was conducted in 120 patients. Group S patients received one honey and lemon-flavoured AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenge. Group G and Group C patients received warm normal saline and distilled water for gargling respectively. Assessment of POST was carried out at 1 h, 12 h and 24 h. The primary outcome measure was to compare the degree of sore throat whereas secondary outcome measure was to compare patient comfort in terms of relief of symptoms. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables was done using analysis of variance test and chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test respectively.

There was no statistically significant difference between Group S, Group G and Group C in relation to Ramsay sedation score, supplemental analgesics given, three-point assessment score at 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenges offered the maximum benefit in terms of patient comfort of POST symptoms at the end of 24 h post-surgically.

Amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges and warm normal saline gargles did not show a significant benefit in relieving post-operative sore throat in the post-surgical period as compared to the placebo.