bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) score a meaningful instrument for other inflammatory rheumatic diseases? A cross-sectional analysis of data from the German National Database
Authors: Thiele Katja , Albrecht Katinka , Zink Angela , Aringer Martin , Karberg Kirsten , Späthling-Mestekemper Susanna , von Hinüber Ulrich , Callhoff Johanna
Published: July 2022

Objective

To analyse the performance of the rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease (RAID) score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myositis and systemic sclerosis, as compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A total of 12 398 patients from the German National Database were included. For each diagnosis, we calculated age-adjusted/sex-adjusted partial correlation coefficients between RAID and patient global (PtGl) health, PtGl disease activity, physician global (PhGl) disease activity, Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). As a measure of agreement, the mean differences between the RAID and other outcomes were compared with the respective differences for RA. The effect of each diagnosis on the difference between RAID and the other scores was assessed with linear regression, with RA as the reference.

Results

Across all diagnoses, RAID correlated strongly with PtGl health (0.71–0.83), moderately to strongly with PtGl disease activity (0.59–0.79), WHO-5 (0.65–0.81) and EQ-5D (0.68–0.73) and weakly with PhGl disease activity (0.23–0.38). Mean differences were calculated for RAID and PtGl disease activity (0 to −0.6), PtGl health (−0.4 to −0.9), WHO-5 (−0.7 to −1.3), EQ-5D (1.1 to 1.7) and PhGl disease activity (1.4 to 2.2). Discrepancies between other scores and RAID were comparable to RA. Linear regression revealed no clinically relevant effect of any of the diagnoses on the difference between RAID and the other outcomes.

Conclusion

The RAID score performs comparably across all diagnoses investigated. This supports the use of RAID for measuring the impact also of other rheumatic diseases.
Effect of processing method and severity for hybrid fall rye on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility in ruminally cannulated beef heifers
Authors: Pereira Murillo C.S. , Johnson Jordan A. , Brattain Rebecca S. , Wehrle Herman , Penner Gregory B.
Published: July 2022

This study compared dry-rolled and tempered hybrid rye when processed to a coarse or fine severity on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for beef cattle. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental heifers (327 ± 33.1 kg, mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square (21-day periods with 16 days for adaptation and 5 d collection) balanced for carry-over effects with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Feeding tempered rye increased ( P = 0.01) DMI when compared to dry-rolled rye, but there was no effect of processing severity. Cattle fed dry-rolled rye had a greater ( P = 0.04) area that pH was <5.5 when compared to those fed tempered rye. Feeding dry-rolled rye increased dry matter digestibility ( P = 0.02) and crude protein digestibility ( P = 0.01) when compared to tempered rye, and there was a greater effect to increase total tract starch digestibility with increasing severity of processing for tempering than for dry rolling (interaction, P = 0.03). In conclusion, tempered hybrid rye processed to a fine severity may result in similar total tract starch digestibility to dry-rolled hybrid rye without the marked reductions in DMI and ruminal pH.
Traversable wormhole solutions in the presence of scalar field
Authors: Godani Nisha
Published: July 2022

In the present work, exact solutions to Einstein’s field equations are obtained in the presence of a scalar field in three cases. In the first case, the equation of state constituting the matter of wormhole is considered as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the equation of state parameter. In the second case, the pressures are assumed to follow the relation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a nonzero constant. In the third case, the form of matter energy density is assumed as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the scale radius and [Formula: see text] is the corresponding matter density. In every case, the shape function is derived and its necessary conditions such as throat condition, flare out condition and asymptotic conditions are examined. By using these shape functions, the wormhole solutions are obtained and energy conditions are tested.
Megacity Growth, City System and Urban Strategy
Authors: DING Chengri , HE Xiao , ZHU Yongming
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the development pattern of 35 megacities from 1980 to 2020 and examines the impact of megacity’s growth on the city system. We use primacy, urban concentration, Zipf’s coefficient, and entropy to characterize the city system in a country with a megacity. Our analysis finds the following: (1) The growth rates of megacities are faster than the totals of the national population and national urban population in general; (2) the growth of megacities makes the city system diverge; (3) the development of megacities tends to be companied by the shrinking of small cities; and (4) emerging megacities has substantial impacts on urbanization strategy, urban planning, and policy.
Cross-Silo Federated Learning for Multi-Tier Networks with Vertical and Horizontal Data Partitioning
Authors: Das Anirban , Castiglia Timothy , Wang Shiqiang , Patterson Stacy
Published: July 2022

We consider federated learning in tiered communication networks. Our network model consists of a set of silos, each holding a vertical partition of the data. Each silo contains a hub and a set of clients, with the silo’s vertical data shard partitioned horizontally across its clients. We propose Tiered Decentralized Coordinate Descent (TDCD), a communication-efficient decentralized training algorithm for such two-tiered networks. The clients in each silo perform multiple local gradient steps before sharing updates with their hub to reduce communication overhead. Each hub adjusts its coordinates by averaging its workers’ updates, and then hubs exchange intermediate updates with one another. We present a theoretical analysis of our algorithm and show the dependence of the convergence rate on the number of vertical partitions and the number of local updates. We further validate our approach empirically via simulation-based experiments using a variety of datasets and objectives.
Evaluating Surprise Adequacy for Deep Learning System Testing
Authors: Kim Jinhan , Feldt Robert , Yoo Shin
Published: July 2022

The rapid adoption of Deep Learning (DL) systems in safety critical domains such as medical imaging and autonomous driving urgently calls for ways to test their correctness and robustness. Borrowing from the concept of test adequacy in traditional software testing, existing work on testing of DL systems initially investigated DL systems from structural point of view, leading to a number of coverage metrics. Our lack of understanding of the internal mechanism of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), however, means that coverage metrics defined on the Boolean dichotomy of coverage are hard to intuitively interpret and understand. We propose the degree of out-of-distribution-ness of a given input as its adequacy for testing: the more
surprising
a given input is to the DNN under test, the more likely the system will show unexpected behavior for the input. We develop the concept of surprise into a test adequacy criterion, called Surprise Adequacy (SA). Intuitively, SA measures the difference in the behavior of the DNN for the given input and its behavior for the training data. We posit that a good test input should be sufficiently, but not overtly, surprising compared to the training dataset. This article evaluates SA using a range of DL systems from simple image classifiers to autonomous driving car platforms, as well as both small and large data benchmarks ranging from MNIST to ImageNet. The results show that the SA value of an input can be a reliable predictor of the correctness of the mode behavior. We also show that SA can be used to detect adversarial examples, and also be efficiently computed against large training dataset such as ImageNet using sampling.
Coverage-Based Debloating for Java Bytecode
Authors: Soto-Valero César , Durieux Thomas , Harrand Nicolas , Baudry Benoit
Published: July 2022

Software bloat is code that is packaged in an application but is actually not necessary to run the application. The presence of software bloat is an issue for security, performance, and for maintenance. In this article, we introduce a novel technique for debloating, which we call coverage-based debloating. We implement the technique for one single language: Java bytecode. We leverage a combination of state-of-the-art Java bytecode coverage tools to precisely capture what parts of a project and its dependencies are used when running with a specific workload. Then, we automatically remove the parts that are not covered, in order to generate a debloated version of the project. We succeed to debloat 211 library versions from a dataset of 94 unique  open-source Java libraries. The debloated versions are syntactically correct and preserve their original behaviour according to the workload. Our results indicate that 68.3% of the libraries’ bytecode and 20.3% of their total dependencies can be removed through coverage-based debloating.

For the first time in the literature on software debloating, we assess the utility of debloated libraries with respect to client applications that reuse them. We select 988 client projects that either have a direct reference to the debloated library in their source code or which test suite covers at least one class of the libraries that we debloat. Our results show that 81.5% of the clients, with at least one test that uses the library, successfully compile and pass their test suite when the original library is replaced by its debloated version.
Something Can Come of Nothing: Surface Approaches to Quantum Fluctuations and the Casimir Force
Authors: Bimonte Giuseppe , Emig Thorsten , Graham Noah , Kardar Mehran
Published: July 2022

The Casimir force provides a striking example of the effects of quantum fluctuations in a mesoscopic system. Because it arises from the objects’ electromagnetic response, the necessary calculations in quantum field theory are most naturally expressed in terms of electromagnetic scattering from each object. In this review, we illustrate a variety of such techniques, with a focus on those that can be expressed in terms of surface effects, including both idealized boundary conditions and their physical realization in terms of material properties.
Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Abrahamian Peter , Carvalho Renato , Choudhary Manoj , Paret Mathews L. , Vallad Gary E. , Jones Jeffrey B.
Published: July 2022

Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations. Increased scrutiny of the impact of pesticides on human and environmental health underscores the need for alternative solutions that are durable, sustainable, accessible to farmers, and environmentally friendly. In this review, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of existing practices and dissect recent advances that may shape the future of bacterial disease management. We conclude that disease resistance through genome modification may be the most effective arsenal against bacterial diseases. Nonetheless, more research is necessary for developing novel bacterial disease management tactics to meet the food demand of a growing global population.
Pretexturing and Anodization of W for Fabricating Ordered Anodic Porous WO3
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Masuda Takuya , Masuda Hideki
Published: July 2022

Ordered anodic porous WO3 was prepared by the anodization of a W substrate with a depression pattern under a constant voltage of 18 V in concentrated phosphoric acid at 120 °C. However, the behavior of hole formation induced in depressions was found to be strongly affected by the depth and diameter of the depressions. Multiple holes were formed in a shallow depression during the initial stage of anodization, whereas only one hole was formed in a deep depression. In addition, when the depression diameter was small, the growth of fine holes around the induced holes was observed. Since the fine holes formed on the surface of anodic porous WO3 prevented the induced holes from growing in the depth direction, the formation of large-diameter depressions allowed the induced holes to grow deeper. The obtained ordered anodic porous WO3 can be used for various applications such as in photocatalysis and electrochromic devices.
Facile One-Step Electrodeposition of Poly(L-Ornithine) Film on Glassy Carbon Electrodes for Sensitive Detection of Thiamethoxam
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ji Yanli , Zhang Yulong , Ye Baoxian , Zou Lina
Published: July 2022

In this work, a green and low-cost voltammetric sensor, poly(L-Ornithine) film modified glassy carbon electrode (PLO/GCE) was fabricated for the first time to detect thiamethoxam. The PLO/GCE was prepared by one-step electrodeposition, which is environmentally friendly, convenient and highly controllable. The modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical method, IR and SEM. Moreover, the redox character of thiamethoxam at proposed sensor was studied systematically. The PLO/GCE showed high sensitivity to thiamethoxam detection. Utilizing the linear sweep voltammetry, a wider linear range (5.0 × 10−8 mol l−1 −9.0 × 10−6 mol l−1) and lower detection limit (1.7 × 10−8 mol l−1) (S/N = 3) were achieved. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of thiamethoxam in pesticide.
Variability of Reaction Time as a Marker of Executive Function Impairments in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Duschek Stefan , de Guevara Cristina Muñoz Ladrón , Serrano María José Fernández , Montoro Casandra I. , López Santiago Pelegrina , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A.
Published: July 2022

In addition to chronic widespread pain and depression and anxiety symptoms, patients with fibromyalgia frequently experience cognitive problems. This study investigated executive functions in fibromyalgia via a Go/No-Go task. To obtain comprehensive information about performance, traditional and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time (RT) variability were used, in addition to speed and accuracy indices. Ex-Gaussian parameters show an excellent fit to empirical RT distributions. Fifty-two female fibromyalgia patients and twenty-eight healthy controls participated. The task included 60 visual stimuli, which participants had to respond to (Go stimuli) or withhold the response to (No-Go stimuli). After 30 trials, the task rule changed, such that previous No-Go stimuli had to be responded to. Performance was indexed by the hit rate, false alarm rate, and mean (

M

) and intraindividual standard deviation (SD) of RT and the ex-Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau. Mu and sigma indicate the

M

and SD of the Gaussian distribution; tau reflects the

M

and SD of the exponential function. Patients exhibited a lower hit rate, higher

M

RT, and higher tau than controls. Moreover, patients showed greater decrease of the hit rate after the change of task rule. In the entire sample, SD, sigma, and tau were inversely associated with the hit rate and positively associated with the false alarm rate. While the greater decline in hit rate after the change in task rule indicates deficient cognitive flexibility, the lack of any difference in false alarm rate suggests intact response inhibition. Higher

M

RT reflects reduced cognitive or motor speed. Increased tau in fibromyalgia indicates greater fluctuations in executive control and more frequent temporary lapses of attention. For the first time, this study demonstrated that indices of RT variability, in particular those derived from the ex-Gaussian function, may complement speed and accuracy parameters in the assessment of executive function impairments in fibromyalgia. Optimized assessment may facilitate the personalization of therapies aimed at improving the cognitive function of those with the disorder.
Extracellular Enzyme of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ziziphus spina Leaves as Medicinal Plant
Authors: Hawar Sumaiya Naeema
Published: July 2022

Endophytic fungi live inside plants or any part of them without creating any visible pathogenic signs. Endophytic fungi are found within medicinal plants and have shown strong biologic activity, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities, as well as producing extracellular enzymes. In this study, different fungal strains were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. Extracellular enzymes have been quantified using agar plate-based methods in which fungi were grown in specified growth media to detect the enzymes produced. The results showed that A. niger has the highest ability to produce amylase, Cladosporium sp. has the highest ability to produce protease and pectinase, Rhizopus and Mucor sp. have the highest ability to produce cellulase, and A. niger and Cladosporium sp. have the same ability to produce lipase and laccase. The ability of medicinal plant endophytic fungi to produce extracellular enzymes has great therapeutic potential in clinical microbiology. Some of the isolates showed great activity in secreting particular enzymes, indicating that the enzymes of these fungi could be used in a variety of applications.
Erchen Decoction Ameliorates the Metabolic Abnormalities of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats
Authors: Cheng Ya , Xu Lu-Yao , Zhang Ning , Yang Jun-Hua , Guan Li , Liu Hai-Mei , Zhang Ya-Xing , Li Run-Mei , Xu Jin-Wen
Published: July 2022

Objective. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates chemical energy to protect against obesity. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of Erchen decoction on the lipolysis and thermogenesis function of BAT in high-fat diet-fed rats. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, which were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat diet (HF), and the latter was administered with high and low doses of Erchen decoction by gavage once a day, for 12 weeks. Body weight, the serum lipid profile, serum glucose, and insulin levels of the rats were evaluated. In addition, the phosphorylation and protein and mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- (PGC-) 1α, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in BAT were measured by immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Results. Erchen decoction administration decreased body weight gain and ameliorated the abnormal lipid profile and insulin resistance index of the high-fat diet-fed rats. In addition, the expression of p-AMPK and ATGL in the BAT was significantly increased by Erchen decoction. Erchen decoction also increased the protein and mRNA expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1 in BAT. Conclusion. Erchen decoction ameliorates the metabolic abnormalities of high-fat diet-fed rats, at least in part via activation of lipolysis and thermogenesis in BAT.
Identification and Early Warning of Financial Fraud Risk Based on Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory Model
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Fan Min
Published: July 2022

In modern market economy, corporate financial frauds emerge one after another, which have a huge impact on the stock market and triggered an unprecedented credit crisis. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify financial frauds. Improving the efficiency, accuracy, and coverage of fraud identification in financial reports through digital and intelligent means is one of the important links to improve credit risk control of securities companies and also for securities companies to accurately price related financial products of target companies. Traditional recognition methods based on artificial rules can cover relatively limited indicators; rule parameters are set randomly. Besides, it is difficult to make rules based on high-dimension indicators and to dig the hidden deep relationships between indicators. This paper summarizes the relevant indicators of financial fraud identification from the perspective of financial and nonfinancial characteristics. Then, the identification and early warning of financial fraud risk based on bidirectional long-short term memory model are proposed. This method uses the idea of ensemble learning, weights the probability of financial key indicators, and uses the optimal transfer probability to solve the financial fraud risk results. The results show that the industry-specific modeling can significantly improve the accuracy of the financial fraud identification model and it also can effectively help the government regulatory departments, investors, and audit departments to correctly identify the financial fraud of listed companies.
Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis in the Hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-Challenged Young Chicks
Authors: Yin Lizi , Hussain Sajjad , Tang Ting , Gou Yuhong , He Changliang , Liang Xiaoxia , Yin Zhongqiong , Shu Gang , Zou Yuanfeng , Fu Hualin , Song Xu , Tang Huaqiao , Xu Funeng , Ouyang Ping
Published: July 2022

The development of novel therapeutics to treat multidrug-resistant pathogenic infections like Salmonella gallinarum is the need of the hour. Salmonella infection causes typhoid fever, jaundice, and Salmonella hepatitis resulting in severe liver injury. Natural compounds have been proved beneficial for the treatment of these bacterial infections. The beneficial roles of cinnamaldehyde due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties have been determined by many researchers. However, alleviation of liver damage caused by S. gallinarum infection to young chicks by cinnamaldehyde remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the effects of cinnamaldehyde on ameliorating liver damage in young chicks. Young chicks were intraperitoneally infected with S. gallinarum and treated with cinnamaldehyde orally. Liver and serum parameters were investigated by qRT-PCR, ELISA kits, biochemistry kits, flow cytometry, JC-1 dye experiment, and transcriptome analysis. We found that ROS, cytochrome c, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), caspase-3 activity, ATP production, hepatic CFU, ALT, and AST, which were initially increased by Salmonella infection, significantly (

P
<
0.05

) decreased by cinnamaldehyde treatment at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection (DPI). In addition, S. gallinarum infection significantly increased proinflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MyD-88) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-8, IL-10, and iNOS); however, cinnamaldehyde reverted these effects at 1, 3, and 5 DPI. Transcriptome analysis showed that S. gallinarum modulates certain genes of the AMPK-mTOR pathway for its survival and replication, and these pathway modulations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde treatment. We concluded that cinnamaldehyde ameliorates inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing NF-Kβ/caspase-3 pathway and reverts the metabolic changes caused by S. gallinarum infection via modulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties against S. gallinarum-challenged young chicks and can be a candidate novel drug to treat salmonellosis in poultry production.
Short-Term and Long-Term Curative Effect of Partial Hepatectomy on Ruptured Hemorrhage of Primary Liver Cancer after TAE
Authors: Xiao Xiulin , Zhou Lin , Zhang Long , Xu Zhiyuan , Dai Qixin , Deng Xiaohong
Published: July 2022

Objective. To observe the short-term and long-term curative effects of partial hepatectomy on ruptured hemorrhage of primary liver cancer after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Methods. A total of 150 patients with primary liver cancer treated in the hospital were enrolled as research objects between February 2018 and February 2021, including 75 cases undergoing TAE in the TAE group and the other 75 cases undergoing elective partial hepatectomy after TAE in the combination group. The surgical related indexes (leaving bed time, discharge time, success rate of hemostasis, lesion clearance rate), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), hemoglobin, and liver function indexes (serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL)) before and after treatment, postoperative complications, survival rate, and recurrence rate at 1 year after surgery between the two groups were compared. Results. Compared with the TAE group, hospitalization time was shorter (

P
<
0.05

), the success rate of hemostasis and lesions clearance rate were higher in the combination group (

P
<
0.05

). After surgery, levels of HR and serum AFP were significantly decreased, while levels of MAP, hemoglobin, serum ALB, and TBIL were significantly increased in both groups. The levels of HR and serum AFP in the combination group were lower than those in the TAE group, while levels of MAP, hemoglobin, serum ALB, and TBIL were higher than those in the TAE group (

P
<
0.05

). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the TAE group, the recurrence rate was lower, and the survival rate was higher in the combination group at 1 year after surgery (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Partial hepatectomy can effectively improve hemostatic effect and liver function in ruptured hemorrhage of primary liver cancer after TAE, increase survival rate, and reduce postoperative recurrence rate.
The Mechanism of Wnt Pathway Regulated by Telocytes to Promote the Regeneration and Repair of Intrauterine Adhesions
Authors: Zhao Cai-zhen , Fu Ping , Peng Wen-ying , Pan Na , Peng Yuqiu , Zhao Min , Xie Weiquan
Published: July 2022

Background. Telocytes (TCs), a novel interstitial cell type in the reproductive tract, participating in pathophysiology of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). This study further investigates the hypothesis that TCs, a source of Wnt, promote the regeneration and repair of IUA. Methods. RNA sequencing datasets of IUA patient (GSE160633) and mouse intestine mesenchymal cells (GSE94072) in GEO database were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) measured indicated gene expression in TC-educated endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and noneducated ESCs and verified the results of data mining from GEO database. Results. The expression levels of Wnt genes were downregulated in IUA compared to the control and were upregulated in TCs. In particular, the changes of Wnt5a expression level were the most significant (

logFC
=
4.0314

and adjusted

P

value = 0.0023), and the relative Wnt5a expression level was remarkably higher in TC-educated ESCs than noneducated ESCs verified by qRT-PCR (

P
=
0.0027

). Conclusions. TCs may enhance the regeneration and repair of IUA through the Wnt signaling pathway.
Mycophenolic Acid Induces the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage through Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Deng Yiyun , Zhang Zhe , Yang Hui , Wang Jing , Feng Lijuan , Su Yong , Xu Dujuan
Published: July 2022

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) may cause gastrointestinal adverse effects by damaging the intestinal epithelial barrier, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is linked to tight junction (TJ) proteins and apoptosis, both of which cause abnormalities in intestinal barrier function. Mitochondria, one of the main sources of ROS and abnormally high levels of ROS are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MPA induces intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of the mitochondrial ROS. MPA-induced intestinal injury model in Kunming mice and Caco-2 cells. The effect of MPA on Caco-2 cell viability was measured by MTT; tissue diamine oxidase and endotoxin expression were determined by ELISA; expression of total proteins of ZO-1, occludin, Bax, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial proteins of Cytochrome C and Bax was measured by Western blot; and the localization of Cytochrome C with MitoTraker was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Caco-2 cell apoptosis, ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry, while intramitochondrial ROS levels were observed by MitoSOX fluorescence staining. The results showed that MPA increased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production to promote oxidative stress and the antioxidant NAC effectively restored ZO-1 and occludin expressions, reduced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that low concentrations of MPA caused mitochondrial damage, induced hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the translocation of Cytochrome C and Bax proteins from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The mitochondrial protectant SS-31 reduces intracellular and intramitochondrial ROS, upregulates TJ, and reduces apoptosis. Our studies suggest that MPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro is mediated, at least in part, by impairing mitochondrial function and promoting oxidative stress.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Application of IS in Perioperative Pulmonary Function Training in Spine and Orthopedics
Authors: Qiu Ting , Li Yong , Zhang Jingjing , Hou Xuanzhu , Wu Yuqi , Xu Yan , Chen Wenyue , Rui Jingjing , Yang Jin , Qian Jing
Published: July 2022

Background. The incentive spirometer (IS) is a mechanical device that promotes lung expansion and can be used to prevent and treat postoperative pulmonary complications. In this study, the preventive effect of pulmonary function training with IS on the improvement of pulmonary function and pulmonary complications was observed. Methods. From May 2019 to April 2021, 69 scoliosis patients with impaired moderate and severe lung function were divided into the traditional pulmonary training group (n = 32) and IS-enhanced pulmonary training group (n = 35). The patient underwent lung function testing after admission and one week after the start of training and chest CT on the third day after surgery. Results. The average age was 13.47 and 15.66, respectively (

p

 = 0.223). The Cobb angles were 83.84 and 83.97 (

p

 = 0.756), respectively, and no statistical difference between the parameters of lung function was detected. After 1 week of respiratory function training, significant improvement in lung function testing parameters including VC%, FVC%, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, FEV1/VC, and MVV% was found in both groups. Analysis of covariance showed more significant improvement in IS-enhanced group compared to the conventional training group (

p

 < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis was lower in IS-enhanced group than in traditional groups (2.9% vs. 21.9%,

p

 = 0.043) with no difference in the overall incidence of pulmonary complications (

p

 = 0.164) and shorter preoperative and total hospitalization in the IS-enhanced group. Conclusion. Compared to traditional pulmonary function training, IS-enhanced training can significantly accelerate the improvement of pulmonary function testing parameters, shorten the preoperative pulmonary function training time, reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary tension complications, and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation.
Study on the Oxygen Consumption Rule of Hydroponic Cotton in Different Periods
Authors: Fu Yanbo , Rao Xiaojuan , Bian Qingyong , Feng Yaozu , Huang Jian , Wang Zhiguo
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the decay law of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution of cotton in the seedling stage, bud stage, and blossoming and boll-forming stage was studied via hydroponic cotton experiments, and then, the oxygen consumption and its rule of cotton were explored. The results showed that with the increase of the cultivation time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the cotton at seedling stage, bud stage, and blossoming and boll-forming stage showed an exponential function decrease. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture medium decreased from about 7.5 mg·L-1 to a relatively stable dissolved oxygen concentration, which was 4.92 mg·L-1, 1.64 mg·L-1, and 1.82 mg·L-1, respectively. When CK is about 7.1 mg·L-1, a relative equilibrium point between low oxygen absorption rate of cotton and oxygen supply is reached. The sudden drop points of the instant oxygen consumption rate of cotton seedling stage and bud stage are at about 5.15 mg·L-1 and 5.89 mg·L-1, respectively, while the sudden drop point was not obvious at the blossoming and boll-forming stage. The budding cotton can absorb oxygen when the dissolved oxygen in the culture solution is at a higher level. The blossoming and boll-forming stage cotton is more resistant to hypoxia stress.
Computer Added Simulation of the Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in an Radiation Therapy Shelter Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Wu Kuan , Li Xiadong , Miu Xiaoyan , Feng Huichun
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Due to the poor ventilation and air stagnation in the radiation therapy ward, it is easy to cause respiratory disease transmission, which brings about the public health safety problem of infection. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose a research method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Method. A three-dimensional model of a radiation therapy ward is established, and the CFD software framework is used to numerically simulate the air flow field in the constrained radiation therapy ward environment. We computed the influence of the spray speed, particle size, and inlet content of respiratory droplets on the flow and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Results. In the range of the horizontal transmission line

X

from 0 to 3 meters, when the transmission speed (

V

) is 35 m/s, the multidrug-resistant bacteria concentration reaches the highest value. In the range of the vertical transmission line

Y

from 0 to 3 meters, when

V

is 35 m/s, the multidrug-resistant bacteria concentration reaches the highest value. Conclusion. A large amount of data shows that there is a positive correlation between the respiratory droplet spray velocity, inlet content, and the multidrug-resistant bacteria flow propagation speed and concentration distribution. The respiratory droplet size mainly affects the peak concentration of the multidrug-resistant bacteria flow propagation.
Meta-Analysis of Naoxintong Capsule for Patients with Vascular Dementia
Authors: Li Li , Zheng Yawei , Bao Jinjing , Zhao Yandong , Zhang Qiuchi , Li Wenlei , Wu Minghua
Published: July 2022

Background. Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia among the elderly. There is currently no unequivocal recommendation of an effective treatment option for VaD. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Naoxintong capsule (NXT) in the treatment of VaD patients. Methods. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before September 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. The trials assessed the efficacy and/or safety of NXT in treating patients with VaD. A meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results. A total of 33 studies comprising 2,947 patients with VaD were included in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that NXT improved cognitive function in VaD patients, increased the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score by 3.33 points (WMD = 3.33, 95% CI (2.72, 3.94)), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score by 4.31 points (WMD = 4.31, 95% CI (2.72, 5.90)), and the Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS) by 2.71 points (WMD = 2.71, 95% CI (1.26, 4.17)). Furthermore, NXT significantly improved the daily lives of VaD patients, lowering the activities of daily living (ADL) score by 5.85 points (WMD = −5.85, 95% CI (−7.03, −4.66)). NXT improved the total effective rate (TER) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI (2.09, 3.29)) of the patients without increasing the occurrence of adverse events (AEs; OR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.43, 1.22)). Subgroup analysis revealed that whether NXT was used alone or in combination with western medicine, it could enhance the overall curative effect. Conclusions. NXT may be an effective and safe treatment option for VaD. However, because of the limited number and quality of articles included, this study’s findings need to be validated by additional high-quality, large-sample, and multicenter RCTs (Systematic Review Registration Number: PROSPERO; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CRD42021233199).
A Method to Study Group Relationship of College Students Based on Predictive Social Network
Authors: Zhang Honggao , Zhang Jie , Shi Yu
Published: July 2022

With the rise of social network platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok, social networks have developed from simple social networks to complex social networks. Researchers have gradually found that the traditional data sampling methods can no longer meet the development needs of the complex social network structure. In order to save network resources, various methods of social relationship prediction have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a BTCS algorithm based on low sampling rate under cognitive model and conduct several sets of comparison experiments under different networks and different sampling rates, and the results show that the BTCS algorithm improves the prediction accuracy and reduces the prediction time under low sampling rate. To address the problems of poor stability and slow prediction speed of random sampling prediction methods, this paper proposes a CCS algorithm in colleges and universities using the characteristics of high awareness among nodes within the same college. It can effectively combine the cognitive characteristics of the nodes with the college attributes and apply them to the relationship prediction to realize the college-oriented relationship prediction. The simulation results show that the CCS algorithm is more stable than other random sampling prediction methods. The results make full use of the cognitive characteristics and college attributes of nodes in social networks; reduce the influence of multiple factors such as response time, data packet loss, and individual behavior on relationship prediction; and improve the efficiency of college student group relationship prediction, which has certain theoretical significance and application prospects.
Clinical Efficacy of Huangkui Capsule plus Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of Nephropathy and the Effect on Urinary Protein and Serum Inflammatory Factors in Patients
Authors: Wan Weibo , Zhou Jingjing , Lu Rong , Wang Chaoyang , Hu Shuli , Liu Mei , Xiong Rong , Kuang Jing , Fan Xuepeng
Published: July 2022

Objective. The study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of Huangkui capsule plus methylprednisolone in the treatment of nephropathy and the effect on urinary protein and serum inflammatory factors in patients. Methods. Between June 2017 and July 2020, 90 patients with nephropathy admitted to our hospital were recruited after assessment of eligibility and assigned via the random number table method (1 : 1) to receive either methylprednisolone tablets (observation group) or methylprednisolone tablets plus Huangkui capsules (experimental group). All eligible patients were also given dipyridamole and valsartan. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy, urine protein, hematuria, serum inflammatory factor levels, and adverse reactions. Results. A higher clinical efficacy was observed in the experimental group versus the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). Huangkui capsules resulted in significantly lower levels of urine protein and hematuria in the experimental group versus the observation group after treatment (

P
<
0.05

). The serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the observation group after treatment (

P
<
0.05

). Huangkui capsules plus methylprednisolone were associated with a lower incidence of adverse events versus methylprednisolone (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The clinical efficacy of Huangkui capsule plus methylprednisolone in the treatment of patients with nephropathy is remarkable. It can effectively mitigate the inflammatory responses and enhance renal function, with reliable clinical safety, so it is worthy of clinical application.
[Retracted] Betamethasone Dipropionate Derivatization, Biotransformation, Molecular Docking, and ADME Analysis as Glucocorticoid Receptor
Authors: Rashid Sana , Anjum Shazia , Ahmad Aqeel , Nadeem Raziya , Ahmed Maqsood , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Abdullah Muhammad , Zia Komal , Ul-haq Zaheer
Published: July 2022

Betamethasone is an important glucocorticoids (GCs), frequently used to cure allergies (such as asthma and angioedema), Crohn’s disease, skin diseases (such as dermatitis and psoriasis), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic disorders, and leukemia. Present investigation deals to find potential agonist of glucocorticoid receptors after biotransformation of betamethasone dipropionate (1) and to carry out the molecular docking and ADME analyses. Biotransformation of 1 was carried out with Launaea capitata (dandy) roots and Musa acuminate (banana) leaves. M. acuminate furnished low‐cost value‐added products such as Sananone dipropionate (2) in 5% yields. Further, biocatalysis of Sananone dipropionate (2) with M. acuminate gave Sananone propionate (3) and Sananone (4) in 12% and 7% yields, respectively. However, Sananone (4) was obtained in 37% yields from Launaea capitata. Compound 5 was obtained in 11% yield after β‐elimination of propionic acid at C‐17 during oxidation of compound 1. The structure elucidation of new compounds 2‐5 was accomplished through combined use of X‐ray diffraction and NMR (1D and 2D) studies. In addition to this, molecular docking and ADME analyses of all transformed products of 1 were also done. Compounds 1‐5 showed ‐12.53 to ‐10.11 kcal/mol potential binding affinity with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and good ADME profile. Moreover, all the compounds showed good oral bioavailability with the octanol/water partition coefficient in the range of 2.23 to 3.65, which indicated that compounds 1‐5 were in significant agreement with the given criteria to be considered as drug‐like.
Improving Carbonate Saline Soil in a Seasonally Frozen Region Using Lime and Fly Ash
Authors: Chen Kezheng , Huang Shuai , Liu Yanjie , Ding Lin
Published: July 2022

In this study, carbonate saline soil in the Duerbote of Songnen Plain was improved by adding lime and fly ash. The improved soil was exposed to 0, 30, and 60 freeze-thaw cycles, and ordinary triaxial compression tests (UU) were conducted under confining pressures of 100, 200, and 300 kPa. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles, lime content, fly ash content, and confining pressure on the peak deviatoric stress, cohesion, and internal friction angle on the lime-ash improved carbonate saline soil were analysed. The incorporation of lime and fly ash in carbonate saline soil transformed the stress-strain curves from the strain hardening type to strain softening type and also changed the strain corresponding to the peak deviatoric stress of the soil. The effect of lime on the shear strength of the soil was the most significant, and it significantly increased the peak deviatoric stress, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the soil. Similarly, the effect of fly ash on the peak deviatoric stress and internal friction angle of the soil was significant, but the effect on cohesion was very limited. A small amount of fly ash increased the peak deviatoric stress and internal friction angle of carbonate saline soil, but an excessive amount had the opposite effects. The freeze-thaw cycles cause the shear strength of the carbonate saline soil to decrease, but the incorporation of lime and fly ash alleviated this decrease.
Point-of-Interest Recommendation Model Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Xu Ning
Published: July 2022

With the development of location-based social networks, the point-of-interest recommendation has become one of the research hotspots in the field of recommendation. However, traditional technologies like collaborative filtering are limited by the influence of data sparsity and cannot accurately capture the users’ preferences from the complex context. In order to address this problem, a recommendation model based on graph convolutional neural network is proposed, named RMGCN. RMGCN is composed of three parts: graph structure features extraction module, geographical factor evaluation module, and score calculation module. The graph structure feature extraction module is used to extract node features from the graph structure data composed of user check-in records. The geographical factor evaluation module is used to calculate the influence coefficient of geographical factors on user’s decision-making behaviors. The score calculation module is used to combine the output results of the above two modules and calculate the user’s preference scores of point-of-interests combined with temporal context and spatial context. Experimental results on two real-world datasets show that RMGCN has better recommendation performance than baselines.
Research on the Significance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Technology to Enterprise Business Management
Authors: Li Haibo
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development of information technology, China has officially entered into the era of big data, the enterprise business management has realized intelligent business management based on information technology, and the arrival of the era of big data has to some extent reduced its management and risk costs and improved its work efficiency and economic benefits, but at the same time, it also faces a series of challenges, such as with the continuous expansion of business scope. As the business scope continues to expand, its current management model cannot meet the development needs. The integration of artificial intelligence technology and enterprise business management has become the main trend of future development. The application of big data technology to corporate business management enables the production of products and the creation of product value in the direction of socialization, increases the mutual influence between companies and consumers, and enhances the fairness, openness, and justice between corporate development and consumer activities. In this paper, after a detailed understanding of the current situation of the combination of artificial intelligence technology and enterprise business management, we focus on the application path of artificial intelligence technology in enterprise business management and finally elaborate the future development direction of artificial intelligence technology in the field of enterprise business management, hoping to further deepen the relevant personnel’s understanding of artificial intelligence. Analyzing the current situation of business management development in China, this paper proposes applying big data technology and artificial intelligence technology to enterprise business management work and proposes a new model to bring new development opportunities and development directions for enterprise business management work. The big data technology proposed in this paper is based on cloud platform services, while artificial intelligence based on neural network is embedded in the cloud platform for enterprise business management services.