bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egypt’s Image Repair Strategies in Time of Crisis: A Case Study of the Russian Flight Crash
Authors: Moneer Aziza
Published: October 2020

In the wake of the Russian plane crash in November in 2015 in Sinai, Russia and a number of countries suspended their airlines from operating routes to Sharm el-Sheikh, causing a severe tourist crisis. By the end of 2015, tourism receipts fell by about USD 3.6 billion to represent only 1.1 percent of GDP (IMF, 2017). During the 26 months air traffic suspension, Egypt becomes a word that conjures negative images such as unsafe destination, insecure environment and politically unstable country which sent a danger signal to the observing people of the possible risks involved in visiting Egypt (Matthews, 2016). However, during this period Egypt pursued a collective effort to enhance Egypt’s image and to encourage the tourism markets to resume their travels to Egypt. In January 2018, the Russian government finally lifted its two years ban on Russian tourism to Egypt and Russian flights returned to Cairo in April 2018 (Samir, 2019).

This study aims to uncover strategies used by Egypt’s authorities to restore a positive image in the aftermath of Russian flights suspension, based on Benoit’s (1997) “multi-strategies model for repairing a destination image”. The study applies a qualitative content analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with officials in the Egyptian tourism and civic aviation authorities. The efforts to repair the image of the Egyptian tourism industry evolved through two phases. At first, the discourse revolved around evading responsibility and attempted to reduce the crisis’s perceived offensiveness, relying mainly on bolstering and defeasibility. The second phase appeared to emerge gradually, using corrective actions in order to restore Egypt’s image as a ‘safe’ tourist destination.
Cohérences et communautés linguistiques : les adverbes évaluatifsétrangement,curieusementetparadoxalement
Authors: Álvarez-Castro Camino
Published: October 2020

This study aims at comparing three evaluative adverbs in contemporary French, namelyétrangement,curieusementandparadoxalement, in order to contribute by means of linguistic criteria to their semantic categorization as discourse markers, as well as give account of their points of divergence. The corpus is mainly taken from literary texts, online journalism, digitalized archives fromLe Monde Diplomatique, and includes some built up examples. Our study will be based on the Theory of Stereotypes, with special attention paid to the role of genericity and shared knowledge, and aims at building an explanatory model for the above mentioned adverbs. We will also point out the intervention of a criterium of semantic coherence and/or discursive coherence in their respective functions as modal expressions, as well as the role plaid in the background by one or two linguistic communities in deep structure.
Mapping Cell Types and Efferent Pathways in the Ascending Relaxin-3 System of the Nucleus Incertus
Authors: Nasirova Nailyam , Quina Lely A. , Morton Glenn , Walker Andrew , Turner Eric E.
Published: October 2020

Relaxin-3 (Rln3) is an insulin-family peptide neurotransmitter expressed primarily in neurons of the nucleus incertus (NI) of the pontine tegmentum, with smaller populations located in the deep mesencephalon (DpMe) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Here, we have used targeted recombination at theRln3gene locus to generate anRln3Cretransgenic mouse line, and characterize the molecular identity and axonal projections of Rln3-expressing neurons. Expression of Cre recombinase inRln3Cremice, and the expression of Cre-mediated reporters, accurately reflect the expression of Rln3 mRNA in all brain regions. In the NI, Rln3 mRNA is expressed in a subset of a larger population of tegmental neurons that express the neuropeptide neuromedin-b (NMB). These Rln3-expressing and NMB-expressing neurons also express the GABAergic marker GAD2 but not the glutamatergic marker Slc17a6 (VGluT2). Cre-mediated anterograde tracing with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) shows that the efferents of the Rln3-expressing neurons in the DpMe and PAG are largely confined to the brain regions in which they originate, while the NI-Rln3 neurons form an extensive ascending system innervating the limbic cortex, septum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Viral anterograde tracing also reveals the potential synaptic targets of NI-Rln3 neurons in several brain regions, and the distinct projections of Rln3-expressing and non-expressing neurons in the pontine tegmentum. Rabies virus (RV)-mediated transsynaptic retrograde tracing demonstrates a probable synaptic link between NI-Rln3 neurons and GABAergic neurons in the septum, with implications for the modulation of neural activity in the septo-hippocampal system. Together, these results form the basis for functional studies of the NI-Rln3 system.
Piezo2 Mediates Low-Threshold Mechanically Evoked Pain in the Cornea
Authors: Fernández-Trillo Jorge , Florez-Paz Danny , Íñigo-Portugués Almudena , González-González Omar , del Campo Ana Gómez , González Alejandro , Viana Félix , Belmonte Carlos , Gomis Ana
Published: October 2020

Mammalian Piezo2 channels are essential for transduction of innocuous mechanical forces by proprioceptors and cutaneous touch receptors. In contrast, mechanical responses of somatosensory nociceptor neurons evoking pain, remain intact or are only partially reduced in Piezo2-deficient mice. In the eye cornea, comparatively low mechanical forces are detected by polymodal and pure mechanosensory trigeminal ganglion neurons. Their activation always evokes ocular discomfort or pain and protective reflexes, thus being a unique model to study mechanotransduction mechanisms in this particular class of nociceptive neurons. Cultured male and female mouse mechano- and polymodal nociceptor corneal neurons display rapidly, intermediately and slowly adapting mechanically activated currents. Immunostaining of the somas and peripheral axons of corneal neurons responding only to mechanical force (pure mechano-nociceptor) or also exhibiting TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1) immunoreactivity (polymodal nociceptor) revealed that they express Piezo2. In sensory-specificPiezo2-deficient mice, the distribution of corneal neurons displaying the three types of mechanically evoked currents is similar to the wild type; however, the proportions of rapidly adapting neurons, and of intermediately and slowly adapting neurons were significantly reduced. Recordings of mechano- and polymodal-nociceptor nerve terminals in the corneal surface ofPiezo2conditional knock-out mice revealed a reduced number of mechano-sensitive terminals and lower frequency of nerve terminal impulse discharges under mechanical stimulation. Eye blinks evoked by von Frey filaments applied on the cornea were lower inPiezo2-deficient mice compared with wild type. Together, our results provide direct evidence that Piezo2 channels support mechanically activated currents of different kinetics in corneal trigeminal neurons and contributes to transduction of mechanical forces by corneal nociceptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cornea is a richly innervated and highly sensitive tissue. Low-threshold mechanical forces activate corneal receptors evoking discomfort or pain. To examine the contribution of Piezo2, a low-threshold mechanically activated channel, to acute ocular pain, we characterized the mechanosensitivity of corneal sensory neurons. By usingPiezo2conditional knock-out mice, we show that Piezo2 channels, present in the cell body and terminals of corneal neurons, are directly involved in acute corneal mechano-nociception. Inhibition of Piezo2 for systemic pain treatment is hindered because of its essential role for mechano-transduction processes in multiple body organs. Still, topical modulation of Piezo2 in the cornea may be useful to selectively relief unpleasant sensations and pain associated with mechanical irritation accompanying many ocular surface disorders.
Role of Aluminium on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Alias J.
Published: October 2020

Much research on magnesium (Mg) emphasises creating good corrosion resistance of magnesium, due to its high reactivity in most environments. In this study, powder metallurgy (PM) technique is used to produce Mg samples with a variation of aluminium (Al) composition. The effect of aluminium composition on the microstructure development, including the phase analysis was characterised by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property of Mg sample was performed through Vickers microhardness. The results showed that the addition of aluminium in the synthesised Mg sample formed distribution of Al-rich phases of Mg17Al12, with 50 wt.% of aluminium content in the Mg sample exhibited larger fraction and distribution of Al-rich phases as compared to the 20 wt.% and 10 wt.% of aluminium content. The microhardness values were also increased at 20 wt.% and 50 wt.% of aluminium content, comparable to the standard microhardness value of the annealed Mg. A similar trend in corrosion resistance of the Mg immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was observed. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated based on potentiodynamic polarisation behaviour. The corrosion current density, icorr, is observed to decrease with the increase of Al composition in the Mg sample, corresponding to the increase in corrosion resistance due to the formation of aluminium oxide layer on the Al-rich surface that acted as the corrosion barrier. Overall, the inclusion of aluminium in this study demonstrates the promising development of high corrosion resistant Mg alloys.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Sex steroid action in adolescence: too much, too little; too early, too late
Authors: Hansen A B , Wøjdemann D , Renault C H , Pedersen A T , Main K M , Raket L L , Jensen R B , Juul A
Published: October 2020

This review aims to cover the subject of sex steroid action in adolescence. It will include situations with too little sex steroid action, as seen in for example, Turners syndrome and androgen insensitivity issues, too much sex steroid action as seen in adolescent PCOS, CAH and gynecomastia, too late sex steroid action as seen in constitutional delay of growth and puberty and too early sex steroid action as seen in precocious puberty. This review will cover the etiology, the signs and symptoms which the clinician should be attentive to, important differential diagnoses to know and be able to distinguish, long-term health and social consequences of these hormonal disorders and the course of action with regards to medical treatment in the pediatric endocrinological department and for the general practitioner. This review also covers situations with exogenous sex steroid application for therapeutic purposes in the adolescent and young adult. This includes gender-affirming therapy in the transgender child and hormone treatment of tall statured children. It gives some background information of the cause of treatment, the patient’s motivation for medicating (or self-medicating), long-term consequences of exogenous sex steroid treatment and clinical outcome of this treatment.
Una negociación clave para la paz: la misión del marqués de Monteleón en Londres (1712-1713)
Authors: Castellano García Manuel Alejandro
Published: October 2020

En este artículo analizamos en profundidad la misión diplomática del marqués de Monteleón, enviado a Londres en las postrimerías de la Guerra de Sucesión española para completar el tratado de paz preliminar entre España y Gran Bretaña. Nos acercaremos a las tácticas empleadas por los negociadores de ambas potencias sin perder de vista la influencia francesa y de la misión diplomática que llevaba a cabo Lord Lexington en Madrid. Además, siendo esta negociación bilateral la primera vez que Felipe V pudo negociar con voz propia, nos permite presentar los objetivos y ambiciones del monarca español. Buscamos así proporcionar una visión global sobre una compleja negociación que definió de manera definitiva los acuerdos entre ambas potencias, posteriormente ratificados en Utrecht.
Long-period (10 < T < 20,000 s) Magnetotelluric Studies in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Nikiforov V.M. , Varentsov I.M. , Shkabarnya G.N. , Kaplun V.B. , Zhukovin A.Yu. , Cuong Do Huy
Published: October 2020

—We consider results of magnetotelluric and magnetovariational soundings in the period range 10 < T ≪ 20 000 s in the North Vietnam area. The simple structure of magnetovariational responses is shown, which generally reflects the electrically conductive quasi-two-dimensional structure of the Earth’s crust. Impedance responses form as a superposition of responses of local complex subsurface and quasi-two-dimensional regional deep-seated structures. Separation of local and regional effects made it possible to construct a geoelectrical depth model of the regional tectonosphere, whose main elements are electrically conductive subvertical trans-lithospheric faults and high-resistivity disturbances of the conductive asthenosphere. These elements, favoring the flow of telluric currents induced in deep-seated electrically conductive systems into the sedimentary cover, form zones of abnormal apparent-resistivity curves. The apparent resistivity monotonously increases with increasing the period up to 20,000 s. We called the combination of such elements of the geoelectrical model a ultradeep fluid–fault system (UDFFS). The modeling has established the location of three orthogonally intersecting UDFFS of NE and SE strikes in the North Vietnam area. It shows that conductive (fluid-saturated) translithospheric faults extending to the base of the sedimentary sequence control the location of petroleum fields and ore deposits. A method for separating local and regional magnetotelluric effects is proposed. It permits one to determine reliably the main strikes of a regional two-dimensional structure and the configuration of the apparent-resistivity curves along them.
Current State of Deep Oil Seepage Near Cape Gorevoi Utes (Central Baikal)
Authors: Pavlova O.N. , Izosimova O.N. , Gorshkov A.G. , Novikova A.S. , Bukin S.V. , Ivanov V.G. , Khlystov O.M. , Zemskaya T.I.
Published: October 2020

—We present data, collected in 2016, on the concentration of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and bottom sediments as well as the abundance and composition of the cultured microbial community in the area of the oil seepage near Cape Gorevoi Utes. Since its discovery in 2005, the development dynamics of the oil seepage has demonstrated a decrease in the total concentration of normal hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil slicks and bottom sediments, partial degradation of oil entering the water surface, and an increase and subsequent reduction in the number of microorganisms in water and bottom sediments with the maintained structure of the cultured microbial community. From 2006 to 2016, there was a low total concentration and a narrow range of detected concentrations of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column, which indicates the preservation of water purity in the lake near the oil seepage.
Der Staat als Marktmanipulator und Insider – die Bereichsausnahmen gem. Art. 6 MAR
Authors: Klöhn Lars
Published: October 2020

Art. 6 MAR befreit bestimmte staatliche und private Akteure von den Bindungen des Marktmissbrauchsrechts, wenn sie zum Zweck der Geld- und Währungspolitik, der Staatsschuldenverwaltung oder zur Mobilisierung finanzieller Mittel für notleidende Staaten handeln. Die Vorschrift ist die vermutlich am wenigsten beachtete Norm der MAR. Dies überrascht umso mehr, je näher man sich mit ihr befasst. Die Bereichsausnahme war in schlankerer Form bereits in der Insider-RL enthalten und wurde in der MAR nicht unerheblich erweitert. Sie erlangt mit jedem neuen Anleihenankaufprogramm, Rettungs- oder Hilfspaket der EZB bzw. der EU weitere praktische Bedeutung. Hinzukommt, dass die Vorschrift seit jeher rechtspolitisch umstritten war, und es mit den Juncker- und Cœuré-Fällen aus den Jahren 2011 und 2015 zwei einprägsame Beispiele gibt, um die Grenzen der Bereichsausnahme zu testen. Anlass genug, um Hintergrund, Struktur und Inhalt von Art. 6 MAR auszumessen und ihn auf seine rechtspolitische Überzeugungskraft zu überprüfen.
Die Reform der Referenzzinssätze EONIA und EURIBOR
Authors: Beißer Jochen , Read Oliver
Published: October 2020

Finanzgeschäfte im Volumen von mehreren Billionen Euro beziehen sich auf die Referenzzinssätze EONIA und EURIBOR. Manipulationsvorwürfe in Bezug auf die Ermittlung der Zinssätze riefen Regulierer auf den Plan, die verschiedene Vorschriften zur Ermittlung von Benchmarks erließen. Infolgedessen mussten die Referenzzinssätze reformiert bzw. neu entwickelt werden. Der Artikel beschreibt die einzelnen Reformschritte im Zuge der regulierungskonformen Ermittlung der Referenzzinsen der Eurozone sowie noch anstehende Herausforderungen.
THE EXPRESSION OF SELECTED DROUGHT RESPONSIVE GENES OF MAIZE IS INFLUENCED BY ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIAL INOCULATION
Authors: Bodhankar Dr. Shrey , Grover Dr. Minakshi , Mallappa Dr. Manjunath , Reddy Dr. Gopal , Ghosh Daipayan , Mohapatra Sridev
Published: October 2020

Plants respond to abiotic stresses through a series of molecular, cellular and physiological changes. These responses are further influenced by the interactions between host plant and the associated rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms. The endophytic microorganisms, due to their intimate proximity with the host plant, are considered to have major influence on plant’s physiological responses. In the present study, three drought tolerant and plant growth promoting maize seed endophytic bacteria, Bacillus sp. MSEB 17, Bacillus sp. MSEB 72 and Bacillus sp. MSEB 78 were used as seed inoculants in maize (var Bioseed 9681) under drought stress conditions in a growth chamber pot study and their influence on four drought responsive genes (Zmdhn1, GRMZM2G055844, GRMZM2G467339 and GRMZM2G109448) in maize leaves was studied by real time PCR using specific primers. The influence of inoculation on host plant’s response to drought was evident from altered expression of target genes when compared with uninoculated plants. Notably, inoculation with MSEB 17 increased the expression of three target genes, Zmdhn1 (dehydrin) gene, GRMZM2G467339 gene and GRMZM2G109448 gene by several folds.  This study revealed the role of endophytic in alleviating the effect of drought stress in maize plants through regulating plant growth and physiological response.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF SPELT AND BUCKWHEAT HULL ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF YOGHURT
Authors: Buniowska Magdalena , Znamirowska Agata , Sajnar Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Kluz Maciej
Published: October 2020

Buckwheat and spelled hulls are little tested in their use in the production of functional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of hull as a functional additive in yoghurt and to determine the effect of various doses of buckwheat and spelt hull on the physicochemical, organoleptic and microbiological properties of yoghurt. The enrichment of yoghurt with buckwheat and spelled hull resulted in a decrease in total acidity and a decrease in syneresis. Addition of spelt and buckwheat hulls to yoghurts reduced the colour brightness and increased the intensity of the red and yellow colours. The highest number of S. thermophilus was found in yoghurt containing 3% buckwheat hull and the beneficial effect of the addition of hull on L. bulgaricus growth was demonstrated. The type of hull determined the flavour and odour of yoghurts. Spelt hull gave the yoghurts a more intense floury and grainy flavour than buckwheat hull.
Filterblasen – Ausgangspunkte einer neuen, fremdverschuldeten Unmündigkeit?
Authors: Ovens Carsten
Published: October 2020

Facebook wurde lange als Chance für eine transparente Informationsgesellschaft gesehen. Zunehmend wird die Plattform jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Kritiker befürchten die Bildung von Filterblasen. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es deshalb, in Erfahrung zu bringen, ob nutzende Personen wissen, dass die ihnen auf Facebook angezeigten Informationen gefiltert sind und ihr eigener Informationshorizont dadurch eingeschränkt wird. Weiterhin werden Erklärungsansätze und Reaktionen der befragten Personen untersucht. Die aus dreizehn Interviews gewonnenen Erfahrungen von Facebook Nutzern bestätigen einige Erkenntnisse der bisherigen Forschung. So beeinflussen der Aufbau individueller Netzwerke und das Nutzerverhalten, wie auch der Algorithmus die Informationsvielfalt. Die in der Literatur häufig unkritisch übernommene Annahme zunehmender Homogenität von Netzwerken sollte auf Grundlage dieser Analyse zukünftig jedoch hinterfragt werden. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die weitere Forschung aufgezeigt.
„Hello World“ – Systemtheoretische Überlegungen zu einer Soziologie des Algorithmus
Authors: Harth Jonathan , Lorenz Caspar-Fridolin
Published: October 2020

Die Leistungsfähigkeit und Komplexität von Algorithmen scheint über eine bloße Steigerung wirtschaftlicher Automatisierungs- und Rationalisierungsprozesse hinauszuweisen. Der im Titel dieses Beitrags zitierte Ausspruch „Hello World“ bezeichnet somit nicht nur die ersten simplen Gehversuche beim Erlernen einer Pro-grammiersprache1, sondern zeigt, dass die von Algorithmen angeleiteten Computersysteme sich an der Konstitution gesellschaftlicher Realität beteiligen. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht sich aus diesem Grund der Frage zu nähern, was eine Soziologie des Algorithmus aus systemtheoretischer Sicht bedeuten könnte. Ausgehend von dem Vorschlag, die Leistungen von Algorithmen testweise als produktive Irritation sinnförmiger Kommunikation zu verstehen, versuchen wir zunächst den kleinen, aber feinen Unterschied zwischen Computern und Algorithmen herauszuarbeiten. Anschließend rekapitulieren wir anhand verschiedener Positionen wie die soziologische Systemtheorie bislang jene möglichen Formen der Beteiligung von Computern an Kommunikation konzeptionell zu integrieren versuchte.
Überlegungen zu einer textuellen Definition von Internet-Memes
Authors: Grünewald-Schukalla Lorenz , Fischer Georg
Published: October 2020

In diesem Kurzbeitrag werden einige Überlegungen zu einer textuellen Fassung des Memebegriffs vorgestellt. Dafür wird eine Problematisierung des Memebegriffs und seiner soziobiologischen Anteile vorgenommen. Anschließend wird gezeigt, warum es trotz theoretischer Schwächen wichtig ist, am Begriff des Memes festzuhalten und ihn als textuelles Konzept zu verstehen. Zentral ist der Versuch, die begrifflichen Reibungen produktiv zu machen. Anhand eines Spannungsfeldes von Originalität und Viralität, das gleichzeitig den konzeptuellen Rahmen der Sonderausgabe darstellt, wird so ein Verständnis entwickelt, bei dem Memes zwischen ihrer konkreten Erscheinung als Text und einem abstrakten Meta-Text alternieren.
Samba and Choro in the Classroom
Authors: Harte Colin
Published: October 2020

This article examines how the performance of samba and choro becomes a process of student enculturation within a Brazilian formal educational context. Musical enculturation is defined as the process of gaining music skills and knowledge through immersion in the music making and music of one’s social environment. While the processes of enculturation involve both formal and informal education, this study primarily focuses upon the formal instruction at Colégio Pedro II (São Cristóvão), a federally funded public school in Rio de Janeiro. This research shows that samba and choro were selected by Colégio Pedro II music instructors as culturally important musical forms representative of Rio de Janeiro, historically excluded from formal, public education. The recent inclusion of samba and choro in formal education was made possible by progressive, post-1988, Brazilian educational legislation. I argue that the teaching of samba and choro in the school environment provides students with the necessary participatory skills to engage with the rich musical traditions of samba and choro that are pervasive in Rio de Janeiro as cultivated through the enculturative processes demonstrated at Colégio Pedro II (São Cristóvão) grupo de samba and grupo de choro.
Kalunga Project
Authors: Barreto Mariana
Published: October 2020

This article explores how musical culture is created and recreated in multi-dimensional flows and cultural transfers between two countries, Brazil and Angola, and in spaces that extrapolate national boundaries and confound cultural hierarchies. It will discuss the encounter between two national fields of musical production through the Brazilian Kalunga Project, which helps to understand how musical movements are organized between transnational popular cultures. I adopt field theory, which comprehends fields of meaning as relational principles, whose heuristic force is shaped by their historicity and temporality, rather than by their spacial characteristics. With my focus on the Kalunga Project, I am interested in the cultural transformations that operate in such fields of cultural exchange as these are fostered by national and international flows of goods and symbols, and are shaped by various mediators, such as musicians, producers, critics, journalists and others between Brazil and Angola. In other words, the article focuses on cultural practices and productions in artistic production as a whole, rather than on individuals, institutions or specific national contexts.
Conscious Material Choices. A Systemic Approach to Reframing our Relationship with Materials and to Accelerating the Positive Impact Future
Authors: Freire Cristina
Published: October 2020

We are immersed in a sustainability crisis fueled by our “take-makewaste” industrial model1 and our throwaway culture2. We need an urgent, seismic shift from linear growth to sustainable prosperity. Positive impact can be at the core of new ideas, projects and business models, integrating all aspects of sustainability and creating tangible, long-lasting value. We can move positive impact front and center in our creative conversations with materials. Using systems thinking, material professionals can imagine a ‘new normal’. Leverage points to activate change include a reframed relationship with materials, a new modus operandi and new opportunities leveraging on circularity thinking and technology. Beyond the immediate opportunities that making conscious material choices can unlock in products and buildings, we can radically accelerate the positive impact future.
Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Dressing and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: BALUSAMY Brabu , SENTHAMİZHAN Anitha , UYAR Tamer
Published: October 2020

Electrospinning has received tremendous attention in the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds over recent years and employed in different biomedical applications because of their biomimetic nature. Especially, the electrospun nanofibers exhibit several beneficial features including natural extracellular matrix (ECM), interconnected pores, large surface area, ease of functionalization and mechanical performance that holds huge importance in influencing the cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation behaviour. To date, acknowledging the wide range of beneficial features, the electrospun nanofibers have been used in wound dressing and tissue engineering applications. This review summarizes various efforts have been made in these areas with several representative examples indicating use of various materials and approaches. Further the concerns for future direction regard to clinical phase transfer has been discussed.
Self-Healing and Shape-Memory Hydrogels
Authors: OKAY Oğuz
Published: October 2020

Hydrogels are soft and smart materials with great similarity to biological systems. In the past decade, a significant progress has been achieved to produce mechanically strong and tough hydrogels. Another major challenge in gel science is to generate self-healing and shape-memory functions in hydrogels to extend their application areas. Several strategies have been developed to create self-healing ability in hydrogels by replacing the chemically cross-linked polymer network with a reversible one. Moreover, a combination of strong and weak physical cross-links was used to produce hydrogels with both self-healing and shape-memory behavior. In this review, I present recent developments in the field of self-healing and shape memory hydrogels by mainly focusing our achievements.
The PETLON Algorithm to Plan Efficiently for Task-Level-Optimal Navigation
Authors: Lo Shih-Yun , Zhang Shiqi , Stone Peter
Published: October 2020

Intelligent mobile robots have recently become able to operate autonomously in large-scale indoor environments for extended periods of time. In this process, mobile robots need the capabilities of both task and motion planning. Task planning in such environments involves sequencing the robot’s high-level goals and subgoals, and typically requires reasoning about the locations of people, rooms, and objects in the environment, and their interactions to achieve a goal. One of the prerequisites for optimal task planning that is often overlooked is having an accurate estimate of the actual distance (or time) a robot needs to navigate from one location to another. State-of-the-art motion planning algorithms, though often computationally complex, are designed exactly for this purpose of finding routes through constrained spaces.

In this article, we focus on integrating task and motion planning (TMP) to achieve task-level-optimal planning for robot navigation while maintaining manageable computational efficiency. To this end, we introduce TMP algorithm PETLON (Planning Efficiently for Task-Level-Optimal Navigation), including two configurations with different trade-offs over computational expenses between task and motion planning, for everyday service tasks using a mobile robot. Experiments have been conducted both in simulation and on a mobile robot using object delivery tasks in an indoor office environment. The key observation from the results is that PETLON is more efficient than a baseline approach that pre-computes motion costs of all possible navigation actions, while still producing plans that are optimal at the task level. We provide results with two different task planning paradigms in the implementation of PETLON, and offer TMP practitioners guidelines for the selection of task planners from an engineering perspective.
Cristina Lafont’s Challenge to Deliberative Minipublics
Authors: Fishkin James
Published: October 2020

This essay is a response to Cristina Lafont’s critique of deliberative minipublics. I consider the problem in these main steps: (1) The argument that such minipublics should not have any real ‘decisional-power’ and (2) that it is not democratically acceptable to rely on them as a ‘second best’ because they only engage a small portion of the population (138–139). Nothing but a ‘first best’ strategy will do in her view. (3) The challenge of achieving a ‘first best’ solution, which I have previously outlined in terms of what I call the ‘trilemma’ of democratic reform. (4) Why I believe Lafont’s solution, a ‘participatory conception of deliberative democracy’, does not actually offer a solution to the trilemma because it is insufficiently participatory (Lafont 2019: Part III). (5) My own approach to dealing with the trilemma, as outlined in my book Democracy When the People Are Thinking (Fishkin 2018), is, I will argue, both more participatory and more deliberative. I lay out an actual solution. While it is elaborate and expensive, there is no theoretical or practical impediment to realizing it, except for collective political will, except for a shared decision to move forward. The contrast between the two solutions is the focus of the last part of the essay.
Phytosociology of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in the State of Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Medina-García Consuelo , Velázquez Alejandro , Giménez de Azcárate Joaquin , Macías-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Larrazábal Alejandra , Gopar-Merino Luis Fernando , López-Barrera Faustino , Pérez-Vega Azucena
Published: October 2020

Background: seasonally dry tropical forests are considered critical and important ecosystems because they harbor exceptional biological diversity. Mexico lacks sound phytosociological studies of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest and Michoacán is no exception. The present study may be regarded the first phytosociological in most of the Mexican pacific coast where seasonally dry tropical forests occurs.

Questions/Objective: We aimed at describing the representative plant associations of the seasonally dry tropical forest, distributed on western Michoacán and to provide a sintaxonomic classification framework based on the floristic differentiation of the recognized communities and highlight its phytocenotic diversity.

Study site and dates: Estado de Michoacán; 20 years.

Methods: A total of 82 phytosociological inventories were conducted. Data were submitted to multivariate two-way indicator species analyses to depict plant communities and their ecological affinities.

Results: From its analysis and interpretation, nine plant groups were differentiated, of which all but one was given the rank of association, which are Lysilomo acapulcensis–Heliocarpetum terebinthinacei , Ceibo aesculifoliae–Lysilometum divaricatae , Caesalpinio platylobae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis , Cochlospermo vitifolii-Lueheetum candidae , Lysilomo divaricatae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis ; Stenocereo quevedonis-Cordietum selerianae , Guazumo ulmifoliae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis ¸ Lonchocarpo huetamoensis-Cordietum elaeagnoidis and the community of Spondias purpurea-Cochlospermum vitifolium.

Conclusions: Comparative floristic and structural profiles among plant communities permitted us to distinguish their bioclimatic relationships. Diagnostic species representative of all plant associations were selected and used for sintaxonomic nomenclature.  Plant associations were finally array along bioclimatic and altitudinal gradients and showed in arranged phytosociological tables. The plant association/community’descriptions permitted to compare structural physiognomy, floristic composition, ecological affinities, distribution patterns and bioclimatic liaison among them.
Orden Commelinales en Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Cabrera Manuel Florencia , Siqueiros Delgado María Elena , Ceja-Romero Jacqueline , Sosa Ramírez Joaquín
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: El orden Commelinales incluye cinco familias, 68 géneros, y cerca de 780 especies a nivel mundial; en México, está representado por Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae y Pontederiaceae. Aguascalientes se ubica en la región centro-norte de México, representa una zona de transición florística, entre la región Xerofítica Mexicana y la Mesoamericana de Montaña, y cuenta con las familias Commelinaceae y Pontederiaceae.

Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Cuál es la diversidad de Commelinales en Aguascalientes?, ¿Cuál es la distribución de sus especies?

Especies de estudio: Especies de Commelinales en Aguascalientes, México.

Sitio y años de estudio: Aguascalientes, México. Julio de 2013 a octubre de 2015.

Métodos: Se realizaron 52 recolectas abarcando 142 puntos de muestreo. En total 167 ejemplares fueron recolectados e identificados con el apoyo de especialistas y literatura especializada. Adicionalmente, se revisó material de herbarios de la región y se elaboraron mapas de distribución.

Resultados: Se reportan ocho géneros y 23 especies de Commelinales para Aguascalientes, de los cuales seis géneros y 20 especies pertenecen a Commelinaceae, y dos géneros y tres especies a Pontederiaceae; ocho especies son endémicas de México; dos géneros y seis especies son nuevos registros para Aguascalientes; Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush es nuevo registro para México. Commelinaceae se distribuye principalmente al noreste del estado, predominantemente en matorral subtropical, mientras que Pontederiaceae son acuáticas y se distribuyen principalmente al sureste.

Conclusiones: Este estudio amplía y actualiza el número de especies de Commelinales en Aguascalientes y en México, así como la distribución y tipos de vegetación en la que se encuentran.
In silico identification and expression analysis of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) and Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) under Cd stress in Brassica oleracea var. acephala
Authors: Sutkovic Jasmin , Karic Ajdina , Yildirim Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Background: Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL) family protein belongs to the oligopeptide heavy metal transporter group, as characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana . Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are a group of membrane-localized proteins, involved in different transport mechanisms, contributing to nitrogen mobilization, glutathione transport and long-distance metal distribution. Metal-nicotianamine transporter gene 3 (YSL3) incorporates the oligopeptide transporter domain, found to transfer several heavy metals in diverse plant species, and among them cadmium transport in Brassica oleracea .

Objective: To evaluate and confirm the expression of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) under cadmium stress.

Studied species: Brassica oleracea var. acephala

Study site and dates: Brassica oleracea var. acephala samples were collected from Blagaj region, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: Through a simple bioinformatic approach the interactome partner of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) was discovered and annotated. Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) and Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) genes were checked for expression levels under cadmium stress.

Results: We have identified a strong interacting partner of YSL3, later confirmed as Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) protein in Brassica oleracea . The in vitro expression analysis by using a qRT-PCR revealed a significant upregulation of YSL3 and OPT3, during Cd stress.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that the represented in-silico  approach, followed by in vitro gene expression study, successfully confirmed YSL3 and identified OPT3 as a new gene, in correlation to cadmium stress.
Collaborative intimacies
Authors: Jensen Anja M. B. , Svendsen Mette Nordahl
Published: October 2020

Pigs and pig organs are frequently used prior to human trials in experimental transplant research into how to optimise human transplantation. But what exactly happens when transplant professionals perform experimental research on pigs? Similarly, what happens when a pig is on the surgical table? Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Danish transplant research laboratories, we investigate how pig experiments facilitate ‘collaborative intimacies’ among medical professionals. Collaborative intimacies are used here as an empirical and theoretical framework for conceptualising and re-imagining the social relationships between species and the medical disciplines that emerge in laboratory work. Collaborative intimacies in the lab provide medical training and facilitate moral reflection and social networking among transplant professionals. As such, we argue that research utilising animal models is not only about technological progress and ethical dilemmas; rather, collaborative intimacies make us understand how intimate relations among medical professionals in translational research unfold and how such relations matter for professional and technological futures.
PTSD or lack of love?
Authors: Lazzarino Runa
Published: October 2020

In this Position Piece, I critically reflect upon some epistemological and political issues of interventions and intervention-oriented research in post-trafficking mental health care. I discuss three loci of friction within the framework of a critical global mental health approach to trafficking aftercare: ethnography, biomedical studies, and post-trafficking care. I address these loci through three case studies: two drawn from my own ethnographic fieldwork and one from a recent systematic review of biomedical studies on post-trafficking mental health. My discussion focuses on the limits of such activities when conducted as isolated interventions and highlights the need for radical interdisciplinary and participatory approaches.
Promises and perils of Guan
Authors: Ma Zhiying
Published: October 2020

This article examines families’ involvement in the care and management of people with serious mental illnesses in China, and focuses on how that involvement is shaped by changing psychiatric institutions and law. Drawing on 32 months of fieldwork, I show that familial involvement is primarily characterised by guan [管], which can mean ‘care’ and/or ‘control’, and which commonly invokes a particular cultural ideal of parenting. Tracing how the language and practice of guan circulate between different realms, I argue that a ‘biopolitical paternalism’ has emerged in contemporary China. It reduces patients to carriers and manifestations of biomedical/security risk and legitimises the state’s policy of population management as a form of paternalistic intervention, while displacing certain paternalistic responsibilities, such as hospitalisation and ensuring medication compliance, onto patients’ families. This biopolitical paternalism produces vulnerabilities and unease within families and aggravates health disparities between patients. The analytic of biopolitical paternalism has conceptual efficacy and practical implications beyond mental health.
Revelation or confirmation?
Authors: Kingori Patricia , Douglas Jones Rachel
Published: October 2020

Fakes have become a matter of concern across global health. Commissioning inquiry into presumed fake practices in global health requires both a pre-existing sense of what would constitute real provision and a suspicion that it is not being offered. In this Position Piece, we analyse the research methods being used to identify and reveal other—presumed—fakes in global health provision. We put forward the concept of the ‘second-order fake’—the fake that is used to reveal a fake—to draw attention to the methodological politics at stake in the use of the fake. By reviewing historical cases of the creation of methods of deception, we analyse the assumptions they bring into global health from other disciplines. We foreground the promises of revelation that are embedded in probes that rely on fakes to uncover fakes. We suggest that despite the growing prevalence of methods which themselves deploy fakes to find fakes, these techniques bring us no closer to understanding the lived ambiguities of everyday practices of fakery.
Beyond the military metaphor
Authors: Walker Iona Francesca
Published: October 2020

Military metaphors shape the limits and possibilities for conceptualising and responding to complex challenges of contagion. Although they are effective at communicating risk and urgency and at mobilising resources, military metaphors collapse diverse interests and communities into ‘fronts’, obscure alternative responses, and promote human exceptionalism. In this article, I draw from criticisms of the use of military metaphor in scientific and policy descriptions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over the past sixty years on order to compare with and explore the use of military metaphors in descriptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. As AMR research has recognised the importance of symbiotic human–microbe relationships and new areas of interdisciplinary collaboration in recent years, a corresponding decline in the use of military metaphor in scientific discourse has begun to emerge. I ask how the legacy of the military metaphor in AMR research can offer lessons regarding or alternatives to the martial language currently saturating responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.
Пейзажная единица художественного текста: современные подходы и перспективы исследования
Authors: Лаенко Л. В. , Душкова А. М.
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена анализу современных подходов к изучению пейзажной единицы как компонента художественного текста с целью определения ее сущности на фоне других типов дескриптивных единиц (портрета и интерьера) и степени ее изученности в лингвистике. Методом аналитического обзора исследований, объектом которых является такой дескриптивный компонент, выделяется ряд актуальных подходов к его рассмотрению (системно-структурный, типологический, функциональный, лингвокультурологический, лингвокогнитивный, лингвистика текста, теория информации), рассматриваются известные типологии пейзажной единицы, характеризуются их классификационные типы (семантический тип и его разновидности, грамматический тип и его разновидности, функциональный тип и его разновидности), утверждается, в том числе, функциональная нагруженность многочисленных выразительных средств языка в отмеченном типе дескриптивного фрагмента как для реализации авторского замысла, так и для его восприятия читателем. Делается вывод о значимости лингвокогнитивного подхода к анализу пейзажной единицы, с позиций которого предлагается рассматривать такой фрагмент как обладающий фреймовой организацией его содержания, центральным компонентом которого является концептуальная метафора.
Исследовательский дискурс: жанровые универсалии и дисциплинарная специфика научных статей
Authors: Вахтерова Е. В. , Борискина О. О. , Стеблецова А. О.
Published: October 2020

Работа посвящена изучению академического исследовательского дискурса. Целью данного исследования является определение исследовательского дискурса как типа академического, а также выявление и анализ общих жанровых черт и дисциплинарной вариативности англоязычной исследовательской статьи. Рассматриваются англоязычные исследовательские статьи медицинских и лингвистических журналов. Авторы приходят к заключению, что исследовательская статья является ядром исследовательского дискурса; макроструктура исследовательской статьи является универсальной характеристикой англоязычного исследовательского дискурса; выявлены ряд специфических характеристик медицинских и лингвистических статей, отражающих дисциплинарную вариативность исследовательского дискурса.
1923’DEN GÜNÜMÜZE TÜRKİYE’DE ZEHİRLENME ORANLARI VE NEDENLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: GÖNEY Gülşen
Published: October 2020

Amaç
Türkiye’de zehirlenme vakalarına ait veriler oldukça az sayıdadır. Bu çalışmada 1923’den günümüze Türkiye’de görülen zehirlenme vakalarının özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sunulan çalışmanın bahsedilen tarihler içerisindeki zehirlenme oranları ve zehirlenme nedenlerine ait bilgileri içermesi bakımından toksikologlar, sağlık yöneticileri ve sağlık meslek mensupları tarafından kullanılabilecek önemli bir kaynak olması da amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Sunulan çalışma zehirlenme oranlarının analiz edildiği tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri ve Ulusal Zehir Danışma Merkezi raporları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilen sayısal verilere ait yüzde değişim de hesaplanmıştır. Sem, ağu, zehir, zehirlenme, tesemmüm, musemmim kelimeleri kullanılarak da geçmişe dönük olarak Türkiye’de zehirlenme olgularını içeren internet tabanlı bir tarama da yapılmıştır.

Sonuç
Raporlar Ulusal Zehir Danışma Merkezi’ne 1988 yılında zehirlenme nedeniyle 1100 başvurunun yapıldığını göstermektedir. Bu sayı 2008 yılında 77.988’e ulaşmıştır. Son on yılda Türkiye’deki ölüm nedenlerinin dağılımı incelendiğinde ölüm nedenlerinin yüzde 4,64±0,55’ini dışsal yaralanma ve zehirlenmelerin oluşturduğu görülmektedir. 2009 yılında Türkiye’de dışsal yaralanma ve zehirlenme sonucu 11289 kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Bu sayı 2017 yılında şimdiye kadar görülen en yüksek değer olan 21533’e ulaşmıştır. 2009 ve 2017 yılları arasında dışsal yaralanma ve zehirlenme sonucu ölümlerde % 90.74 artış tespit edilmiştir. Son on yılda dışsal yaralanma ve zehirlenme sonucu ölümlerde 1.63 artış belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2009-2018 yılları arasında oranlarda %63.53 artış olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçlara göre en sık karşılaşılan zehirlenme nedenleri kaza ya da intihar amaçlı olduğu bildirilmiştir.
Tartışma
Sunulan çalışma, Türkiye'de zehirlenme vakalarının etiyolojik, demografik ve oransal raporunu gösteren ilk çalışmadır. Zehirlenme oranlarının belirlenmesinin sağlık harcamalarının azaltılması, sağlık hizmetleri ve sağlık bütçesi için daha rasyonel politikalar oluşturulmasına yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.