bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Assembly 3D-Printed Walking Mechanism Utilising a Hexapod Gait
Authors: Jackson-Mills George , Barber Andrew R. , Andrew Blight  , Andrew Pickering  , Jordan H. Boyle  , Robert C. Richardson
Published: October 2022

Small inspection robots can allow for the exploration of environments and the collection of data from dangerous or difficult to access areas. These robots can be custom built for specific tasks, but the design and assembly process for this can be costly, both in money and time. The use of 3D Printing in creating Non-Assembly mechanisms can assist in saving time and resources by reducing the number of different components required and removing the necessity for complex assembly tasks. This paper introduces a robot to explore the capabilities of this approach, by iterating on a previous example of a robot with Non-Assembly mechanisms. This explores how altering the size, mechanism type and accompanying control circuitry can affect the efficiency of the practice. Through developing on previous knowledge, this new walking robot improves on the previous iteration by creating a more robust and reliable system, more capable of effectively exploring challenging environments accurately, while still using practices designed to save on cost and production time.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Remote Work Policies
Authors: Damon Patrick
Published: October 2022

The climate for information security has drastically shifted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the past, information security focused on the purview of the office space and the physical infrastructure, with increased specializations in digital architecture such as the Internet of Things, cloud services, and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Remote work was often discouraged due to ineffective mitigation strategies, especially when personal devices were involved. Remote work has become commonplace, and information security specialists must adapt to the changing environment. Effective information security policy management for a modern age will include effective mobile and remote usage provisions that maintain the same or similar workflow as on-site activities. Virtualization offers enhanced security for remote work while maintaining set routines.
Pirates of Privacy: How Companies Profit Off Your Personal Data by Using Capital Surveillance Methods in Criminal Prosecution
Authors: Koczur Shayna
Published: October 2022

Surveillance involves monitoring an individual as a method of obtaining information for future use, and is defined as continuous observation of a place, person, group, or ongoing activity in order to gather information. Governments are normally restricted by judicial safeguards such as warrants and common law when it comes to surveillance methods of obtaining an individual’s private data. However, private companies are not. When users agree to terms and conditions on technology apps they often are not aware that they are consenting to being monitored and their information could easily be sold, even to the government. This process of capturing and commodifying personal data for profit-making is commonly referred to as “surveillance capitalism”. Surveillance capitalism poses a threat to privacy rights because the methods by which users’ online data is collected are overly intrusive due to the nature of how the data is stored on these apps. Additionally, the data collected by private companies can be sold, distributed, and used against the user’s legal interests and liberties. However, both International Law and the United States Constitutional Law recognize the right to privacy. This raises the question: How do we protect privacy rights when much of our personal data is now stored digitally and on technological applications that society is becoming reliant on for everyday tasks? Privacy laws have not yet adapted to address this modern day challenge. This article discusses the legal understanding of privacy rights, the threat modern-day surveillance capitalism poses to those rights, and possible solutions for updating outdated privacy laws.
Bethe–Heitler Signature in Proton Synchrotron Models for Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Bégué D. , Samuelsson F. , Pe’er A.
Published: October 2022

We study the effect of Bethe–Heitler (BeHe) pair production on a proton synchrotron model for the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The possible parameter space of the model is constrained by consideration of the synchrotron radiation from the secondary BeHe pairs. We find two regimes of interest. (1) At high bulk Lorentz factor, large radius, and low luminosity, proton synchrotron emission dominates and produces a spectrum in agreement with observations. For part of this parameter space, a subdominant (in the MeV band) power law is created by the synchrotron emission of the BeHe pairs. This power law extends up to few tens or hundreds of MeV. Such a signature is a natural expectation in a proton synchrotron model, and it is seen in some GRBs, including GRB 190114C recently observed by the MAGIC observatory. (2) At low bulk Lorentz factor, small radius, and high luminosity, BeHe cooling dominates. The spectrum achieves the shape of a single power law with spectral index α = −3/2 extending across the entire Gamma-ray Burst Monitor/Swift energy window, incompatible with observations. Our theoretical results can be used to further constrain the spectral analysis of GRBs in the guise of proton synchrotron models.
Exploring the Limits of Synthetic Creation of Solar EUV Images via Image-to-image Translation
Authors: Salvatelli Valentina , dos Santos Luiz F. G. , Bose Souvik , Neuberg Brad , Cheung Mark C. M. , Janvier Miho , Jin Meng , Gal Yarin , Güneş Baydin Atilim
Published: October 2022

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a NASA multispectral decade-long mission that has been daily producing terabytes of observational data from the Sun, has been recently used as a use case to demonstrate the potential of machine-learning methodologies and to pave the way for future deep space mission planning. In particular, the idea of using image-to-image translation to virtually produce extreme ultraviolet channels has been proposed in several recent studies, as a way to both enhance missions with fewer available channels and to alleviate the challenges due to the low downlink rate in deep space. This paper investigates the potential and the limitations of such a deep learning approach by focusing on the permutation of four channels and an encoder–decoder based architecture, with particular attention to how morphological traits and brightness of the solar surface affect the neural network predictions. In this work we want to answer the question: can synthetic images of the solar corona produced via image-to-image translation be used for scientific studies of the Sun? The analysis highlights that the neural network produces high-quality images over 3 orders of magnitude in count rate (pixel intensity) and can generally reproduce the covariance across channels within a 1% error. However, the model performance drastically diminishes in correspondence to extremely high energetic events like flares, and we argue that the reason is related to the rareness of such events posing a challenge to model training.
Detection of Ubiquitous Weak and Impulsive Nonthermal Emissions from the Solar Corona
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Oberoi Divya , Battaglia Marina , Krucker Säm
Published: October 2022

A ubiquitous presence of weak energy releases is one of the most promising hypotheses to explain coronal heating, referred to as the nanoflare hypothesis. The accelerated electrons associated with such weak heating events are also expected to give rise to coherent impulsive emission via plasma instabilities in the meterwave radio band, making this a promising spectral window to look for their presence. Recently Mondal et al. reported the presence of weak and impulsive emissions from quiet Sun regions which seem to meet the requirements of being radio counterparts of the hypothesized nanoflares. Detection of such low-contrast weak emission from the quiet Sun is challenging and, given their implications, it is important to confirm their presence. In this work, using data from the Murchison Widefield Array, we explore the use of an independent robust approach for their detection by separating the dominant, slowly varying component of emission from the weak impulsive one in the visibility domain. We detect milli-Solar Flux Unit-level bursts taking place all over the Sun and characterize their brightness temperatures, distributions, morphologies, durations, and associations with features seen in extreme-UV images. We also attempt to constrain the energies of the nonthermal particles using inputs from the FORWARD coronal model along with some reasonable assumptions, and find them to lie in the subpico flare (∼1019–1021 erg) range. In the process, we also discover perhaps the weakest type III radio burst and another that shows clear signatures of the weakest quasi-periodic pulsations.
The 2020 Eclipse of R Aquarii in the Near-infrared: Mid-eclipse Observations of Disk Distress
Authors: Hinkle Kenneth H. , Brittain Sean , Fekel Francis C. , Lebzelter Thomas , Boogert Adwin
Published: October 2022

The Mira in the bright, dusty, symbiotic binary R Aquarii undergoes eclipses of multiyear duration every ∼44 yr by a large, opaque accretion disk. The 2020 eclipse was confirmed by I-band photometry. High-resolution M- and K-band spectra were observed near the midpoint of the eclipse, in 2020 August and September. The 4.5–5.5 μm spectrum during eclipse is a complex blend of disk and Mira features. Continuum emission from the disk region contributes to both the 2.3 μm and 4.6 μm region. The lowest energy vibration-rotation CO lines contain multiple absorption features from ∼780 K gas flowing across the disk away from the Mira. CO fundamental and overtone emission lines are also present. The eccentricity of the orbit results in significant orbital variation in the size of the Roche lobes. At periastron the Roche radius of the secondary is ∼4.0 au, smaller than both the 5 au geometric radius for the disk and estimates for the disk size from models. Fundamental band CO 2–1 emission originates from a thin, eccentric ring with inner radius ∼4.75 au and outer radius ∼6.9 au. The CO emission is identified with regions where the disk has been disrupted near the time of periastron. CO 3–2 fundamental band lines and low-excitation lines in the CO 2–0 and 3–1 overtone bands originate in a Mira-facing spot, 6.3 au from the accretion disk center, near the inner Lagrange point.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Unveiling Galaxy Interaction by Merger Stages with Machine Learning
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Lin Lihwai , Pan Hsi-An , Lin Chieh-An , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Bottrell Connor , Wang Pin-Wei
Published: October 2022

We use machine-learning techniques to classify galaxy merger stages, which can unveil physical processes that drive the star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activities during galaxy interaction. The sample contains 4690 galaxies from the integral field spectroscopy survey SDSS-IV MaNGA and can be separated into 1060 merging galaxies and 3630 nonmerging or unclassified galaxies. For the merger sample, there are 468, 125, 293, and 174 galaxies (1) in the incoming pair phase, (2) in the first pericentric passage phase, (3) approaching or just passing the apocenter, and (4) in the final coalescence phase or post-mergers. With the information of projected separation, line-of-sight velocity difference, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gri images, and MaNGA Hα velocity map, we are able to classify the mergers and their stages with good precision, which is the most important score to identify interacting galaxies. For the two-phase classification (binary; nonmerger and merger), the performance can be high (precision > 0.90) with LGBMClassifier. We find that sample size can be increased by rotation, so the five-phase classification (nonmerger, and merger stages 1, 2, 3, and 4) can also be good (precision > 0.85). The most important features come from SDSS gri images. The contribution from the MaNGA Hα velocity map, projected separation, and line-of-sight velocity difference can further improve the performance by 0%–20%. In other words, the image and the velocity information are sufficient to capture important features of galaxy interactions, and our results can apply to all the MaNGA data, as well as future all-sky surveys.
Dusty, Self-obscured Transients from Stellar Coalescence
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , De Kishalay , Loeb Abraham
Published: October 2022

We discuss the central role that dust condensation plays in shaping the observational appearance of outflows from coalescing binary systems. As binaries begin to coalesce, they shock-heat and expel material into their surroundings. Depending on the properties of the merging system, this material can expand to the point where molecules and dust form, dramatically increasing the gas opacity. We use the existing population of luminous red novae to constrain the thermodynamics of these ejecta, then apply our findings to the progressive obscuration of merging systems in the lead up to their coalescence. Compact progenitor stars near the main sequence or in the Hertzsprung gap along with massive progenitor stars have sufficiently hot circumstellar material to remain unobscured by dust. By contrast, more extended, low-mass giants should become completely optically obscured by dust formation in the circumbinary environment. We predict that 30%–50% of stellar-coalescence transients for solar-mass stars will be dusty, infrared-luminous sources. Of these, the optical transients may selectively trace complete merger outcomes while the infrared transients trace common envelope ejection outcomes.
The Location and Angle Distribution of Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Corona
Authors: Knizhnik Kalman J. , Cabral-Pelletier Logan C.
Published: October 2022

A major unresolved issue in solar physics is the nature of the reconnection events that may give rise to the extreme temperatures measured in the solar corona. In the nanoflare heating paradigm of coronal heating, localized reconnection converts magnetic energy into thermal energy, producing multithermal plasma in the corona. The properties of the corona produced by magnetic reconnection, however, depend on the details of the reconnection process. A significant challenge in understanding the details of reconnection in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models is that these models are frequently only able to tell us that reconnection has occurred, but there is significant difficulty in identifying precisely where and when it occurred. In order to properly understand the consequences of reconnection in MHD models, it is crucial to identify reconnecting field lines and where along the field lines reconnection occurs. In this work, we analyze a fully 3D MHD simulation of a realistic sunspot topology, driven by photospheric motions, and we present a model for identifying reconnecting field lines. We also present a proof-of-concept model for identifying the location of reconnection along the reconnecting field lines, and use that to measure the angle at which reconnection occurs in the simulation. We find evidence that magnetic reconnection occurs preferentially near field line footpoints, and discuss the implications of this for coronal heating models.
Exponential Fluctuations in the Modes of Orthogonal Polarization in Pulsar Radio Emission
Authors: McKinnon M. M.
Published: October 2022

A statistical model for the polarization of pulsar radio emission is enhanced to account for the heavy modulation of the emission, the possible covariance of the Stokes parameters, and the observed asymmetries in the distributions of total intensity, polarization, and fractional polarization, by treating the intensities of the orthogonal polarization modes as exponential random variables. The model is used to derive theoretical distributions to compare with what is observed. The resulting distributions are unimodal and generally asymmetric. The unimodality arises from the model’s fundamental assumption that the orthogonal modes are superposed. The asymmetry originates primarily from different fluctuations in mode intensities. The distributions of fractional polarization are truncated at the degree of linear and circular polarization intrinsic to the modes. A number of observable parameters that quantify the statistical properties of the emission and its polarization are derived and are shown to be functions only of the ratio of the modes’ mean intensities, M, suggesting their spectra coevolve according to the frequency dependence of M. This particular implementation of the model requires the modes to fluctuate differently in order to replicate the observations. Given that a single underlying emission mechanism seems unlikely to selectively modulate the mode intensities, the different fluctuations are attributed either to different emission mechanisms for the modes or to mode-dependent propagation or scattering effects in the pulsar magnetosphere.
A Comprehensive Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation of Active Region Scale Flux Emergence from the Convection Zone to the Corona
Authors: Chen Feng , Rempel Matthias , Fan Yuhong
Published: October 2022

We present a comprehensive radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the quiet Sun and large solar active regions. The 197 Mm wide simulation domain spans from 18(10) Mm beneath the photosphere to 113 Mm in the solar corona. Radiative transfer assuming local thermal equilibrium, optically thin radiative losses, and anisotropic conduction transport provide the necessary realism for synthesizing observables to compare with remote-sensing observations of the photosphere and corona. This model self-consistently reproduces observed features of the quiet Sun, emerging and developed active regions, and solar flares up to M class. Here, we report an overview of the first results. The surface magneto-convection yields an upward Poynting flux that is dissipated in the corona and heats the plasma to over 1 MK. The quiescent corona also presents ubiquitous propagating waves, jets, and bright points with sizes down to 2 Mm. Magnetic flux bundles emerge into the photosphere and give rise to strong and complex active regions with over 1023 Mx magnetic flux. The coronal free magnetic energy, which is approximately 18% of the total magnetic energy, accumulates to approximately 1033 erg. The coronal magnetic field is clearly non-force-free, as the Lorentz force needs to balance the pressure force and viscous stress as well as drive magnetic field evolution. The emission measure from

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provides a comprehensive view of the active region corona, such as coronal loops of various lengths and temperatures, mass circulation by evaporation and condensation, and eruptions from jets to large-scale mass ejections.
The LSST Era of Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Disk Reverberation Mapping
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Radović Viktor , Ilić Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Assef Roberto J. , Sánchez-Sáez Paula , Nikutta Robert , Raiteri Claudia M. , Yoon Ilsang , Homayouni Yasaman , Li Yan-Rong , Caplar Neven , Czerny Bozena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Ricci Claudio , Jankov Isidora , Landt Hermine , Wolf Christian , Kovačević-Dojčinović Jelena , Lakićević Maša , Savić Đorđe V. , Vince Oliver , Simić Saša , Čvorović-Hajdinjak Iva , Marčeta-Mandić Sladjana
Published: October 2022

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will detect an unprecedentedly large sample of actively accreting supermassive black holes with typical accretion disk (AD) sizes of a few light days. This brings us to face challenges in the reverberation mapping (RM) measurement of AD sizes in active galactic nuclei using interband continuum delays. We examine the effect of LSST cadence strategies on AD RM using our metric AGN_TimeLagMetric. It accounts for redshift, cadence, the magnitude limit, and magnitude corrections for dust extinction. Running our metric on different LSST cadence strategies, we produce an atlas of the performance estimations for LSST photometric RM measurements. We provide an upper limit on the estimated number of quasars for which the AD time lag can be computed within 0 < z < 7 using the features of our metric. We forecast that the total counts of such objects will increase as the mean sampling rate of the survey decreases. The AD time lag measurements are expected for >1000 sources in each deep drilling field (DDF; (10 deg2)) in any filter, with the redshift distribution of these sources peaking at z ≈ 1. We find the LSST observation strategies with a good cadence (≲5 days) and a long cumulative season (∼9 yr), as proposed for LSST DDF, are favored for the AD size measurement. We create synthetic LSST light curves for the most suitable DDF cadences and determine RM time lags to demonstrate the impact of the best cadences based on the proposed metric.
Expanding the invasion toolbox: including stable isotope analysis in risk assessment
Authors: Balzani Paride , Haubrock Phillip J.
Published: October 2022

Species introductions are a major concern for ecosystem functioning, socio-economic wealth, and human well-being. Preventing introductions proved to be the most effective management strategy, and various tools such as species distribution models and risk assessment protocols have been developed or applied to this purpose. These approaches use information on a species to predict its potential invasiveness and impact in the case of its introduction into a new area. At the same time, much biodiversity has been lost due to multiple drivers. Ways to determine the potential for successful reintroductions of once native but now extinct species as well as assisted migrations are yet missing. Stable isotope analyses are commonly used to reconstruct a species’ feeding ecology and trophic interactions within communities. Recently, this method has been used to predict potentially arising trophic interactions in the absence of the target species. Here we propose the implementation of stable isotope analysis as an approach for assessment schemes to increase the accuracy in predicting invader impacts as well as the success of reintroductions and assisted migrations. We review and discuss possibilities and limitations of this methods usage, suggesting promising and useful applications for scientists and managers.
Risk of invasiveness of non-native fishes in the South Caucasus biodiversity and geopolitical hotspot
Authors: Mumladze Levan , Kuljanishvili Tatia , Japoshvili Bella , Epitashvili Giorgi , Kalous Lukáš , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Piria Marina
Published: October 2022

Aquatic invasions are one of the major threats for freshwater ecosystems. However, in developing countries, knowledge of biological invasions, essential for the implementation of appropriate legislation, is often limited if not entirely lacking. In this regard, the identification of potentially invasive non-native species by risk screening, followed by a full risk assessment of the species ranked as higher risk, enables decision-makers to be informed about the extent of the threats posed to the recipient (risk assessment) area. In this study, 32 non-native extant and horizon fish species were screened for their risk of invasiveness under current and predicted climate conditions for the South Caucasus – a biodiversity and geopolitical hotspot that includes the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Overall, the number of very high-risk species increased from four (12.5%) under current climate conditions to 12 (37.5%) under predicted climate conditions. The highest-risk species under both conditions included the already established gibel carp Carassius gibelio and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, the locally translocated pikeperch Sander lucioperca and the horizon North African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Under predicted climate conditions, a very high risk of invasiveness was predicted also for the translocated three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, for the already established eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua, sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus and Nile tilapia Orechromis niloticus, and for the horizon pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Future research on the non-native species in the South Caucasus should be conducted both country- and region-wide and should account not only for the high biodiversity, but also for the critical geopolitical situation affecting the study area.
Changing climate may mitigate the invasiveness risk of non-native salmonids in the Danube and Adriatic basins of the Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe)
Authors: Marić Ana , Špelić Ivan , Radočaj Tena , Vidović Zoran , Kanjuh Tamara , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Piria Marina , Nikolić Vera , Škraba Jurlina Dubravka , Mrdak Danilo , Simonović Predrag
Published: October 2022

Salmonids are an extensively hatchery-reared group of fishes that have been introduced worldwide mainly for their high commercial and recreational value. The Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe) is characterised by an outstanding salmonid diversity that has become threatened by the introduction of non-native salmonids whose potential risk of invasiveness in the region remains unknown and especially so under predicted climate change conditions. In this study, 13 extant and four horizon non-native salmonid species were screened for their risk of invasiveness in the Danube and Adriatic basins of four Balkan countries. Overall, six (35%) of the screened species were ranked as carrying a high risk of invasiveness under current climate conditions, whereas under predicted conditions of global warming, this number decreased to three (17%). Under current climate conditions, the very high risk (‘top invasive’) species were rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta (sensu stricto), whereas under predicted climate change, this was true only of O. mykiss. A high risk was also attributed to horizon vendace Coregonus albula and lake charr Salvelinus namaycush, and to extant Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, whose risk of invasiveness, except for S. fontinalis, decreased to medium. For the other eleven medium-risk species, the risk score decreased under predicted climate change, but still remained medium. The outcomes of this study reveal that global warming will influence salmonids and that only species with wider temperature tolerance, such as O. mykiss will likely prevail. It is anticipated that the present results may contribute to the implementation of appropriate management plans to prevent the introduction and translocation of non-native salmonids across the Balkan Peninsula. Additionally, adequate measures should be developed for aquaculture facilities to prevent escapees of non-native salmonids with a high risk of invasiveness, especially into recipient areas of high conservation value.
Climate change may exacerbate the risk of invasiveness of non-native aquatic plants: the case of the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia
Authors: Piria Marina , Radočaj Tena , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Britvec Mihaela
Published: October 2022

Non-native aquatic plants are amongst the major threats to freshwater biodiversity and climate change is expected to facilitate their further spread and invasiveness. To date, in Croatia, no complete list of non-native extant and horizon aquatic plants has been compiled nor has a risk screening been performed. To address this knowledge gap, 10 extant and 14 horizon aquatic plant species were screened for their risk of invasiveness in the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia under current and predicted (future) climate conditions. Overall, 90% and 60% of the extant species were classified as high risk for the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions, respectively, under both climate scenarios. Of the horizon species, 42% were classified as high risk under current conditions and, under climate change, this proportion increased to 78%. The ‘top invasive’ species (i.e. scored as very high risk) under both climate conditions and for both regions were extant Elodea nuttallii and horizon Lemna aequinoctialis. The horizon Hygrophila polysperma was very high risk for the Mediterranean Region under current climate conditions and for both regions under projected climate conditions. Azolla filiculoides, Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa and Utricularia gibba were also classified as high risk under current climate conditions and, after accounting for climate change, they became of very high risk in both regions. Further, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides and Lemna minuta were found to pose a very high risk under climate change only for the Pannonian Region. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this study will contribute to knowledge of the invasiveness of aquatic plants in different climatic regions and enable prioritisation measures for their control/eradication.
Development and application of a multilingual electronic decision-support tool for risk screening non-native terrestrial animals under current and future climate conditions
Authors: Vilizzi Lorenzo , Piria Marina , Pietraszewski Dariusz , Kopecký Oldřich , Špelić Ivan , Radočaj Tena , Šprem Nikica , Ta Kieu Anh T. , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Weiperth András , Yoğurtçuoğlu Baran , Candan Onur , Herczeg Gábor , Killi Nurçin , Lemić Darija , Szajbert Bettina , Almeida David , Al-Wazzan Zainab , Atique Usman , Bakiu Rigers , Chaichana Ratcha , Dashinov Dimitriy , Ferincz Árpad , Flieller Guillaume , Gilles Jr Allan S. , Goulletquer Philippe , Interesova Elena , Iqbal Sonia , Koyama Akihiko , Kristan Petra , Li Shan , Lukas Juliane , Moghaddas Seyed Daryoush , Monteiro João G. , Mumladze Levan , Olsson Karin H. , Paganelli Daniele , Perdikaris Costas , Pickholtz Renanel , Preda Cristina , Ristovska Milica , Švolíková Kristína Slovák , Števove Barbora , Uzunova Eliza , Vardakas Leonidas , Verreycken Hugo , Wei Hui , Zięba Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Electronic decision-support tools are becoming an essential component of government strategies to tackle non-native species invasions. This study describes the development and application of a multilingual electronic decision-support tool for screening terrestrial animals under current and future climate conditions: the Terrestrial Animal Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (TAS-ISK). As an adaptation of the widely employed Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), the TAS-ISK question template inherits from the original Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) and related WRA-type toolkits and complies with the ‘minimum requirements’ for use with the recent European Regulation on invasive alien species of concern. The TAS-ISK consists of 49 basic questions on the species’ biogeographical/historical traits and its biological/ecological interactions, and of 6 additional questions to predict how climate change is likely to influence the risks of introduction, establishment, dispersal and impact of the screened species. Following a description of the main features of this decision-support tool as a turnkey software application and of its graphical user interface with support for 32 languages, sample screenings are provided in different risk assessment areas for one representative species of each of the main taxonomic groups of terrestrial animals supported by the toolkit: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, annelids, insects, molluscs, nematodes, and platyhelminths. The highest-scoring species were the red earthworm Lumbricus rubellus for the Aegean region of Turkey and the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus for Croatia. It is anticipated that adoption of this toolkit will mirror that of the worldwide employed AS-ISK, hence allowing to share information and inform decisions for the prevention of entry and/or dispersal of (high-risk) non-native terrestrial animal species – a crucial step to implement early-stage control and eradication measures as part of rapid-response strategies to counteract biological invasions.
L’identité de genre – une approche métapsychologique
Authors: Heenen-Wolff Susann
Published: October 2022

Classiquement, la transsexualité ou la « transidentité » 1 a été considérée comme l’expression d’un trouble grave de la personnalité, et depuis 2013 comme « dysphorie de genre » (DSM5). Il semble que des personnes qui disposent d’un fonctionnement psychique de type névrotique peuvent aspirer à une réassignation sexuelle ; elles ne peuvent pas s’identifier à leur corps anatomique, alors qu’elles peuvent aimer, travailler, être créatives et maîtrisent la vie de tous les jours. L’auteure cherche à fournir une contribution métapsychologique quant à la genèse de l’identification de genre qui rend compréhensible ce fait.
Le choix du prénom de la personne transgenre
Authors: Defays Maud
Published: October 2022

Nous avons mené une étude exploratoire portant sur le choix du prénom de la personne transgenre et, plus particulièrement, de l’homme transgenre. À travers les récits de vie de cinq participants, nous avons pu appréhender, le temps d’une rencontre, quelques facteurs à l’œuvre derrière leur choix. Nous avons découvert que le choix du prénom d’un homme transgenre peut révéler un désir d’inscription dans sa filiation, tout en dévoilant, en parallèle, un besoin de rupture avec le genre de l’ancien prénom. Dès lors, nous pensons que le choix du prénom permet à certains hommes transgenres d’évoluer dans leur construction identitaire tout en perpétuant un désir d’historisation.
Tou.tes queer, mais certain.es plus que d’autres
Authors: Detandt Sandrine , Pezeril Charlotte , Demart Sarah
Published: October 2022

Nos subjectivités et positionnements passent aujourd’hui par l’opérateur du genre comme « nouvel » agent aussi bien conceptuel que politique ou discursif pour penser le sexe, permettant une libération des voix sur les inégalités et les minorités. Que valent les « vérités » sur les corps et leurs nominations lorsqu’il semblerait que tout ne serait que production normative et discursive ? Que reste-t-il du sujet, au sens psychanalytique du terme ? Dans quelle mesure ce sujet est-il queer, au sens d’une déconstruction radicale et d’une opposition à la norme ? Et quelles sont les conditions de possibilité d’un sujet politique queer dans une perspective plus globale et intersectionnelle ? L’objet de cet article, qui rend compte d’un dialogue en cours, est d’interroger, par le triple prisme de la psychologie, l’anthropologie et la sociologie ce qui de cette condition ne se dilue pas entièrement dans le social au regard des conditions de possibilité d’énonciation de subjectivités multiples, sinon infinies et peut-être jamais tout à fait achevées.
Salarié.es en procès
Authors: Lejeune Aude
Published: October 2022

Alors que le recours aux avocat·es n’est pas obligatoire devant le conseil des prud’hommes, 85 % des justiciables y font appel. À partir d’une enquête auprès de salarié·es du secteur privé en procès, cet article montre que la remise de soi aux avocat·es et l’expérience de la procédure judiciaire, de l’introduction de la requête à la décision, transforment les attentes et représentations que les salarié·es se font de la justice comme institution au sein de laquelle faire valoir leurs droits.
« Fils de coco, c’est du boulot »
Authors: Clech Pauline
Published: October 2022

En adoptant une approche dispositionnaliste, l’article étudie les modalités et les effets d’une socialisation enfantine communiste transitant par la famille, l’espace local et la bande de copains. Il montre le caractère surdéterminant de cette socialisation sur les dispositions incorporées et les trajectoires suivies à condition de prendre en compte les effets non-politiques d’une socialisation politique et le contexte – historique, géographique, institutionnel – de son actualisation.
La race, entre les Grecs et nous
Authors: Ismard Paulin
Published: October 2022

La race a fait son entrée dans le lexique scientifique d’une partie des historiens des mondes grecs et romain. L’Antiquité gréco-romaine trouve désormais sa place dans de grandes synthèses scientifiques portant sur l’histoire de la race et du racisme, alors que plusieurs historiens et philologues entreprennent de révéler le rôle structurant joué par la race dans la culture et les sociétés antiques. Arraché à son contexte d’apparition, le monde euro-américain de l’âge moderne, la race se présente ainsi comme une catégorie universelle, susceptible d’éclairer des processus de discrimination potentiellement à l’œuvre dans toutes les sociétés. La démarche, qui se place dans le sillon de la théorie critique de la race, mérite d’être interrogée. Quel est le gain d’une telle montée en généralité, qui rend le concept de race disponible en tout lieu et en tout temps ? À quelles conditions est-il pertinent d’employer la notion de race pour décrire les sociétés civiques du monde grec antique ? Pour éclairer plus précisément les enjeux de la discussion, l’article considère une séquence particulière de l’histoire sociale et politique athénienne, dans laquelle plusieurs historiens ont vu l’acte de naissance d’une « citoyenneté raciale ».
E-Learning and Blended Learning Methodologies Used in Universities During and After COVID-19
Authors: Ghazal Ghadeer , Alian Marwah , Alkhawaldeh Eslam
Published: October 2022

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, various e-learning platforms are being used in different universities. E-learning platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Moodle, Google Classroom provides different features that may be helpful during the pandemic. In this research, the number of registered students, the activities held on e-learning platforms before, during, and after the pandemic are compared in Hashemite University as a case study. The analysis shows that the interaction between students and their lecturers has increased by more than 90% across all platforms at the Hashemite University during the pandemic. However, it has increased by 64% with the Moodle platform.  The effect of three learning methods; face-to-face, blended, and online learning is examined and the preference of students investigated with courses’ categories such as remedial materials, collage requirements, specialization materials, and free materials. The students preferred online learning for remedial and free materials, with percentage values of 75% and 57%, respectively, but face-to-face learning is chosen for collage requirements and specialization materials, with percentage values of 54% and 78%, respectively.
Artificial Intelligence and Systems Thinking in the Public Sector
Authors: Covarrubias-Moreno Oscar Mauricio
Published: October 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the science of designing systems that exhibit similar characteristics associated with the intelligence found in human behavior. It is a significant aspect of computer science that deals with system recognition such as learning, reasoning, understanding language, and taking actions to solve problems. As a computational system, AI can, for a given set of human-defined goals, make predictions and recommendations or make influencing decisions in real or virtual environments. The major branches of AI are expert systems, robotics, machine learning, neural network, fuzzy logic, natural language processing. The development of AI technologies is having a profound impact on the way governments work and design policies. The applications touch areas such as health services, transportation, and security. Public servants are using AI to help them make welfare payments and immigration decisions, answer citizen inquiries, and classify health care cases, among many other activities.
Review on the Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots in Public Administration
Authors: Ramires Hernández Pablo , Valle-Cruz David , Mendoza Méndez Rafael Valentín
Published: October 2022

Customer service continues to grow exponentially and is becoming more important every day, mainly because many companies, public and private organizations, are increasing the number of services they offer and the number of people who use them is also increasing. Given the above, business-to-customer service is an important strategy to ensure customer satisfaction. Artificial intelligence allows us to develop different tools, such as chatbots that can simulate human conversations providing customer service immediately. Unfortunately, according to the present research, the authors have realized that the architectures of existing chatbots, mainly those used in the public sector, are not fully efficient because they lack the use of artificial intelligence techniques and basically only consist of menus that provide information based on the selected option. Therefore, this chapter presents some improvements for the development and implementation of chatbots in public administration.
Data Analytics
Authors: Sayal Anu
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides a comprehensive and unified view of data analytics. Data analytics is the process of analyzing the raw data in order to draw inferences about the information in hand. Data analysis techniques are primarily used to get an insight which further facilitates enhancement of the sector under consideration. These techniques are beneficial for optimizing a process under consideration and also for increasing the overall efficiency of a system. These techniques also act as performance boosters as their implementation in the business models help in reduction of costs by considerable amount. It is the most important for any organization as it facilitates better decision-making approaches and also provides an analysis of customer trends as well as satisfaction which further leads to improved products as well as services. It also helps in effective marketing of the products and services. Data analytics has widespread application in various sectors. Various tools are used for carrying out data analytics jobs. All this is discussed in the chapter.
Enhancing Instructor Capacity Through the Redesign of Online Practicum Course Environments Using Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Lock Jennifer , Johnson Carol , Altowairiki Noha , Burns Amy , Hill Laurie , Ostrowski Christopher P.
Published: October 2022

A current trend in practicum or field experience programs is online and blended learning approaches being implemented alongside traditional classroom experiences. Principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) should be integrated in the design of these online environments in order to better support learning needs of all students. Instructors must also have confidence and competence in designing and facilitating learning within technology-enabled environments. This chapter reports on research conducted using design-based research to support instructor capacity development within field experience in a Bachelor of Education program. Three strategies are identified and discussed to enhance instructor's capacity: scaffolded support, modeling UDL practice in the online environment, and coaching to foster developing capacity using UDL. The chapter concludes by reporting on a new study that emerged as a result of this work, along with recommendations for practice.
Completing Student-Teaching Internships Online
Authors: Dos Santos Luis Miguel
Published: October 2022

Distance-based learning has become one of the common alternative learning options. Currently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many academic programmes, including programmes with internship requirements, have switched their teaching and learning strategies from on-campus learning to online platforms. This study aims to understand the experiences and sense-making processes of student-teachers who have completed their student-teaching internships online during the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the feedback, experiences, and sense-making processes of this group of student-teachers, it is important to collect first-hand sharing. More importantly, the trend of distance learning-based student-teaching internships will be developed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study will serve as one of the first reports about student-teachers' experiences.
Case Study on Coaching Community College Faculty Member Experiences Transitioning to Online Education During COVID-19
Authors: Bartlett Michelle E. , Warren Carrol , Dolfi Jordan
Published: October 2022

This embedded case study focused on the experiences of coaches and community college faculty who participated in the coaching portion of an emergency remote transition project. The transition project was holistically designed to support community college faculty who had prepped for face-to-face courses and were shifting to remote teaching in a short period of time. Coaching services were one element of the project that also offered webinars, creation of short tutorial videos, and other support services. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed. Coaching was successful in helping community college faculty transition from teaching in-person courses to fully online courses quickly. Community college faculty showed determination, resilience, and remained dedicated to their students' successful completion of the semester despite the worldwide pandemic.
Prove You Are Not a Dog
Authors: Mulder David J.
Published: October 2022

Learning online can be isolating for students. Some students may prefer to be anonymous—on the outset, at least—until they feel comfortable participating in the course. Many instructors value interaction between students or between the student and the instructor, and without a sense of “presence” in the online classroom, some students will be reticent to participate. It is thus incumbent on instructors and instructional designers to create courses that foster interaction between users to develop this sense of being “a real person” online. This chapter examines the concept of social presence, articulates reasons high social presence is a desirable feature in an online course, and provides examples instructors and designers might draw upon for developing social presence in their own courses.
Unexpected Opportunities
Authors: Abernathy Dixie Friend , Ceglie Robert J. , Black Ginger C. , Thornburg Amy W.
Published: October 2022

In the spring of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the nation's schools closed. Students and families were asked to shelter-in-place and the nation's schools were charged with the challenge of educating students through online modalities. Novice and veteran teachers alike needed to quickly assimilate to virtual teaching and online learning modalities. Students were asked to adjust from face-to-face lessons to screenshots of material from within the confines of their homes. Parents were asked to assume the roles of teacher assistant, tutor, and learning support, all while juggling other personal or work challenges. Leading and coordinating all of these efforts in towns and cities across our nation were school leaders, many of whom may have felt lacking in their own skill set related to online teaching. This research study will explore the perceptions of these leaders. Almost 50 North Carolina leaders shared their perspectives on their own experiences. Conclusions from this research will be pertinent in recommending steps and considerations for future events of this magnitude.