bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اثر استراتيجية فك التشفير الصوتي في اكساب المفردات اللغوية عند تلاميذ الصف الثاني الابتدائي بمادة القراءة
Authors: حسن محمد هادي
Published: February 2020

هدف هذا البحث الى معرفة " اثر استراتيجية فك التشفير الصوتي في اكساب المفردات اللغوية عند تلاميذ الصف الثاني الابتدائي بمادة القراءة " ، ولتحقيق ذلك وضعت الفرضية الصفرية الآتية : ( ليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 05 , 0 ) بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس وفق استراتيجية فك التشفير الصوتي ، و متوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار اكتساب المفردات اللغوية ).

      واقتصر هذا البحث على تلاميذ الصف الثاني الابتدائي في مدرسة المبادئ للبنين التابعة الى مديرية تربية الصويرة للعام الدراسي(2015-2016) ، وبلغ عدد افراد عينة البحث (25) تلميذاً بواقع (26) تلميذاً للمجموعة التجريبية و(26) تلميذاً للمجموعة الضابطة ، وقد اعد الباحث أداة البحث المتمثلة باختبار اكتساب المفردات اللغوية والمكون من (20) فقرة ، وتحقق من صدقه وثباته ، واستعمل الباحث مجموعة من الوسائل الاحصائية منها : (معادلة كيودر ريشاردسون 21، الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، مربع كا 2 ) ، وبعد الانتهاء من تطبيق التجربة، واختبار التلاميذ ، وتصحيح الاجابات ، ومعالجة البيانات احصائياً باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية spss ، وباستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين توصل الباحث الى النتيجة الاتية :-  وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية لمصلحة تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية اللائي درسن مادة القراءة باستعمال استراتيجية فك التشفير الصوتي .
غلوب باشا ودوره في قمع حركة مايس عام 1941 في العراق
Authors: كاظم عبد العوادي عبد الله
Published: February 2020

غلوب باشا

ودوره في قمع حركة مايس عام 1941 في العراق
مســــتــــــقبل العلمانية في العراق
Authors: كاظم كاطع سناء
Published: February 2020

مســــتــــــقبل العلمانية

في العراق
البهاريون وحق التجنس في بنغلادش
Authors: ضياء مبارك فرح
Published: February 2020

البهاريون وحق التجنس في بنغلادش
قوة التدخل السريع الأمريكية في منطقة الخليج العربي و المحيط الهندي 1979-1988 دراسة في تشكيلها وأهدافها وتطورها
Authors: يوسف ألركابي عگاب
Published: February 2020

قوة التدخل السريع الأمريكية

في منطقة الخليج العربي و المحيط الهندي

1979-1988

دراسة في تشكيلها وأهدافها وتطورها
المظاهر اللغويّة في قراءات سورة الفرقان
Authors: عبد الله ظاهر البدريّ أحمد
Published: February 2020

المظاهر اللغويّة في قراءات سورة الفرقان
رؤية في المنهج التحويلي
Authors: كاظم العتابي احمد
Published: February 2020

رؤية في المنهج التحويلي
تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية لعينة من مديري المؤسسات الصحية
Authors: عباس خضير باسل
Published: February 2020

تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية لعينة من مديري المؤسسات الصحية
النقد في العصر العباسي الجاحظ ودوره الحضاري في القرن الثالث الهجري
Authors: فخري عمرا لجاف جيا
Published: February 2020

النقد في العصر العباسي

الجاحظ ودوره الحضاري في القرن الثالث الهجري
استدلال مقتبس من تفسير سورة عبس
Authors: تقي فضيل حيدر
Published: February 2020

استدلال مقتبس من تفسير سورة عبس
العَـوامـِـل تأليف العَلامة مُلاّ مُحسن بن مُحَمّد طاهِر القزوينيّ (ق 11 ـ 12ق)
Authors: خضير شني فليح
Published: February 2020

العَـوامـِـلتأليف العَلامةمُلاّ مُحسن بن مُحَمّد طاهِر القزوينيّ (ق 11 ـ 12ق)
قراءة في أثر البرجوازية على الثورة الفرنسية 1789 ـ 1799
Authors: الشمري حسنين عبد الكاظم عجه
Published: February 2020

استرسلت المصادر العربية في الإشادة بالثورة الفرنسية إلى درجة إظهارها في قالب من كمالٍ لامتناه، بدءاً بمنطلقاتها الفكرية التي عدتها ثماراً لنظريات إنسانية غاية في المثالية بالشكل الذي أطر مرتكزاتها الفكرية تماماً ووشحها بوشاح إنساني لا غبار عليه يلقي في روع المتلقي أنها في إرهاصاتها الإنسانية تمتعت ببعد روحي قارب إرهاصات الرسالات السماوية، لاسيما فيما يتعلق بالاهتمام بإعادة هيكلة المجتمع الإنساني بما يضمن حقوق أفراده ويحقق سعادتهم، بل أن الثورة في عالميتها وسمو المبادئ التي نادت بتطبيقها في شتى المجتمعات تسامت على التمايزات الدينية والقومية والحضارية وسواها في نظرتها للإنسان، وأن دوافعها تعود لما عاناه المجتمع الفرنسي من ظلم وإهمال في شتى الجوانب في ظل نظام ملكي إقطاعي كهنوتي دأب على مصادرة حقوق الإنسان، وهيأ وضعاً اقتصادياً وسياسياً واجتماعياً ضاغطاً على السواد الأعظم من الشعب وَلَدَ حالة كبت شديد انتهت إلى رد فعل تناسب طردياً مع الظلم السابق فجاء عنيفاً شاملاً ومدمراً.

وأكملت المصادر وصف الثورة ونتائجها بما البسها رداءً إنسانياً خالصاً تناغم فيه كل شيء حتى أضحت الثورة علامة فارقة في التاريخ الإنساني وفاصلاً لما سبقها وتلاها من أحداث، متناسية المجازر التي كانت صنواً لها، والسلبيات التي تداخلت معها. لكن القراءة العلمية المتأنية لهذه الثورة لا تتواءم والصورة السابقة، وهذا طبيعي فوراء الثورة قوى لها أهداف ومصالح، خاضعة لتجاذبات وضغوطات، متأثرة بطموحات أضفت على الثورة طابعها البشري، سالخة إياها من وصفها الملائكي السابق. بيد أن ما ذكرناه لا يغمط الثورة حقها بل يخضعها لتقييم تاريخي ويؤطرها بمنهج علمي في حيادية وصدق وتقييم موضوعي يضع النقاط على حروف الثورة الفرنسية، كي تتكامل الحقيقة التاريخية عنها في أطار يظهر الايجابيات والسلبيات التي شابتها كحال سواها من الانجازات البشرية، وإن كان لا بد لنا خدمة للحقيقة التاريخية الإقرار بفضلها على المجتمع الإنساني ككل.
Going for Broke: Self-Compassion, Risky Decision-Making, and Problem Gambling by Undergraduates
Authors: Bailis Daniel Seth , Single Alanna N. , Brais Nicolas J. , Schellenberg Benjamin J. I.
Published: February 2020

Self-compassionate individuals respond kindly to their own mistakes. Although self-compassion is adaptive in coping with past mistakes, few studies have examined its relationship to risky decision-making in advance. In gambling, an open and understanding disposition toward possible losses could lead to either more or less risky decision-making, and the direction of this relationship could depend on the severity of individuals’ problem gambling. Across 3 laboratory studies with undergraduates, the present research tested how dispositional self-compassion relates to risky decision-making in gambling games, and whether individuals’ severity of problem gambling moderates this relationship. The results suggest that self-compassion has little relationship to gambling decisions by those with no signs of problem gambling already, and that higher self-compassion is associated with taking more gambling risks among undergraduates with low-level or more severe problem gambling. We discuss implications for future research on the complex relationship of self-compassion to risk and well-being.
The syntax of (complex) numerals in Arabic
Authors: Al-Bataineh Hussein , Branigan Phil
Published: February 2020

Word order, case assignment, and agreement for gender and number are realised with remarkable complexity in the Arabic numeral system. This paper examines the internal morphological structure of simplex, compound, and complex numerals. We identify a recurrent pattern found both inside complex numerals and in the structural relations between numeral and the nouns they quantify. The structures uncovered then allow for more principled accounts of the superficial morphosyntactic complexities. The analysis suggests that DP contains a single Num head, but that Num can express both additive and multiplicative arithmetic operations.
The effects from the United States and Japan to emerging stock markets in Asia and Vietnam
Authors: Ngan Nguyen Thi
Published: February 2020

The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States (U.S.) in mid-2008 suggests that stock prices volatility do spillover from one market to another after international stock markets downturn. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of return and volatility spillovers from developed markets (the U.S. and Japan) to eight emerging equity markets (India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand) and Vietnam. Employing a mean and volatility spillover model that deals with the U.S. and Japan shocks and day effects as exogenous variables in ARMA(1,1), GARCH(1,1) for Asian emerging markets, the study finds some interesting findings. Firstly, the day effect is present on six out of nine studied markets, except for the Indian, Taiwanese and Philippine. Secondly, the results of return spillover confirm significant spillover effects across the markets with different magnitudes. Specifically, the U.S. exerts a stronger influence on the Malaysian, Philippine and Vietnamese market compared with Japan. In contrast, Japan has a higher spillover effect on the Chinese, Indian, Korea, and Thailand than the U.S. For the Indonesian market, the return effect is equal. Finally, there is no evidence of a volatility effect of the U.S. and Japanese markets on the Asian emerging markets in this study.
DO Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) reduce severity of pneumonia in 2019-nCov course of illness and improve survival?
Authors: Abdalla Elhassan Hussein Eltom
Published: February 2020

Cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China had been reported to World Health Organization (WHO) on 31 December 2019. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) was identified and isolated by Chinese health authorities on 7 January 2020, and it was reported to share the same receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV do, ACE2 RNA expression profile in the normal human lung and ACE2 virus receptor expression is concentrated in a small population of type II alveolar cells, recalling lessons from SARS, we can postulate that the use of ARBs empirically for patient infected with 2019-nCoV will stimulate AT2 receptor, and at the same time the free Angiotensin II can compete to the viral receptor site, therefore, we will promisingly noticed reduce in pneumonia severity, increase the recovery rate and improve overall survival.
Review of the high-power vacuum tube microwave sources based on Cherenkov radiation
Authors: Xu Weiye
Published: February 2020

Since the first vacuum tube (X-ray tube) was invented by Wilhelm Röntgen in Germany, after more than one hundred years of development, the average power density of the vacuum tube microwave source has reached the order of 108 [MW][GHz]2. In the high-power microwave field, the vacuum devices are still the mainstream microwave sources for applications such as scientific instruments, communications, radars, magnetic confinement fusion heating, microwave weapons, etc. The principles of microwave generation by vacuum tube microwave sources include Cherenkov or Smith-Purcell radiation, transition radiation, and Bremsstrahlung. In this paper, the vacuum tube microwave sources based on Cherenkov radiation were reviewed. Among them, the multi-wave Cherenkov generators can produce 15 GW output power in X-band. Cherenkov radiation vacuum tubes that can achieve continuous-wave operation include Traveling Wave Tubes and Magnetrons, with output power up to 1MW. Cherenkov radiation vacuum tubes that can generate frequencies of the order of 100 GHz and above include Traveling Wave Tubes, Backward Wave Oscillators, Magnetrons, Surface Wave Oscillators, Orotrons, etc.
Pemidanaan Korporasi
Authors: Wibowo Rizal Arya
Published: February 2020

The company is related to things that occur after the law that is related to corporate crime. The purpose of the discussion of this article is to find out about prison sentences imposed on corporations, detention and settlement of corporate criminal acts. The type of legal research conducted is a type of normative legal research that examines literature sources without conducting field research. The conclusion of this article is that it can be fined, approved and finalized.
Testing the magnitude of correlations across experimental conditions
Authors: Di Plinio Simone
Published: February 2020

Comparisons between correlation coefficients are used to investigate data across multiple research fields, as they allow investigators to determine different degrees of correlation to independent variables. Such differences may be small, even with adequate sample size, but still scientifically relevant. To date, although much effort has gone into developing methods for estimating differences across correlation coefficients, adequate tools for variable sample sizes and correlational strengths have yet to be tested. The present study evaluated four different methods for detecting the difference between two correlations and tested the adequacy of each method using simulations with multiple data structures. These methods were Cohen's q, Fisher's method, linear mixed-effects models (LMEM), and an ad-hoc developed procedure that integrates bootstrap effect size estimation. Results showed that Fisher's method and the LMEM tended to reject the null hypothesis even in the presence of relevant differences between correlations and that Cohen's method was not sensitive to data structure. Bootstrap followed by effect size estimation resulted in a favorable, unbiased compromise for estimating quantitative differences between statistical associations and producing outputs that could be easily compared across studies.
Orthographic precision for word naming in skilled readers
Authors: Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Frisson Steven , Wheeldon Linda
Published: February 2020

The lexical quality hypothesis (Perfetti, 2007) argues that variation in the quality of lexical representations will affect individual reading performance. Whilst several studies have focused on reading comprehension, few have considered the role of lexical quality in decoding. Two experiments investigated individual differences in the neighbourhood density effect shown during visual words and pseudowords naming. Word and pseudoword targets with dense and sparse neighbourhoods were used in a masked form priming experiment with 84 university students. Individual difference measures of language and cognitive processes were collected, and a principal component analysis was used to group these data into components. We observed larger facilitatory form priming for words with a sparse neighbourhood than those with a dense neighbourhood. Form priming was also affected by a factor linking to orthographic precision: in people with low orthographic precision, word targets with dense neighbourhoods preceded by word primes showed stronger facilitatory priming than those that followed pseudoword primes, while the converse was demonstrated for word targets with sparse neighbourhoods. People with high orthographic precision only showed facilitatory priming. Facilitatory form priming for pseudoword targets preceded by pseudoword primes was smaller than for those that followed word primes in people with low orthographic precision. The opposite pattern was found for people with high orthographic precision. These results suggest that the component of orthographic precision is linked to the facilitatory effects of decoding for word recognition. The implications for theories of masked priming in production and the lexical quality hypothesis applied to reading skill are discussed.
Social closeness and latent commitment impact decisions to keep promises
Authors: Jiménez Said Enrique , Sip Kamila E. , Mercadillo Roberto , Angeles-Valdez Diego , Muñoz-Delgado Jairo , Sánchez-Sosa Juan José , Garza-Villarreal Eduardo A.
Published: February 2020

Making a promise involves a fairly fast yet complicated assessment of potential outcomes. Outside of the immediate consideration of the benefit of keeping the promise versus the cost of breaking it, one also needs to assess whether to pay a cost for keeping it or obtaining a gain for breaking it. Often this decision is compounded with the interpersonal relations and social closeness of the interaction. However, the impact of social closeness on our decisions in the context of keeping promises has not been explored. As our interactions occur with people with whom we share differing degrees of social closeness, it is fundamental to understand how these different social contexts can impact our decisions. We investigated whether the decision to keep or break a promise can be modulated by the degree of social closeness between the promisor and promisee. The participants in the experiment played a trust game with three partners: a computer, a stranger, or a friend. The game consisted of making a promise to their partners and subsequently deciding between paying a cost to keep it or obtaining a benefit for breaking it. The experiment allowed us to independently evaluate the effect that promises and social closeness have on the decision to cooperate. Using Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling, we found that, in accordance to our prediction, as social closeness increases, the probability of breaking the promise decreases. We also found that participants could not be assigned into honest or dishonest categories, as the decision to keep promises was modulated by latent commitment. Our findings suggest that the benefits of breaking a promise are evaluated depending on the familiarity of the affected person and that high social closeness might add more utility to follow through on a promise.
Flood Inundation Mapping of Babai Basin using HEC-RAS & GIS
Authors: Bhattarai Pawan , Khanal Prajwal , Tiwari Prachanda , Lamichhane Nischal , Dhakal Prasanna , Lamichhane Prakash , Panta Niranjan Raj , Dahal Prashant
Published: February 2020

The main objective of this research is to prepare inundation map of a section of Babai Basin and to find out the inundated areas for different return periods. In order to achieve the objectives, Geographic Information System (GIS) and HEC-RAS along with HEC-GeoRAS extension were used as tools. Coordinates were used as primary parameter and were obtained from survey to generate geometric data such as Triangular Irregular Networks (TIN), streamline, river bank and flow paths. After importing the geometry data into HEC-RAS, hydraulic modelling was applied by using flow data as main input. As a result, the watershed area of the Babai basin has been successfully modelled and map showing the flooded areas along the Babai basin has been delineated. The flooded area was geometrically overlaid on the topographic map to outline the affected areas. The area under the influence of the flood were assessed which shows that about 49% of total inundated areas comprises farming land. Also a sensitivity analysis was performed to predict the change in percentage of flooded areas when Maning’s parameter was increased by 10% and when kept same in both banks and channel. However, differences in figure of inundated areas are insignificant to variations made in Maning’s n.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyester Resin Matrix Composites Reinforced with Pineapple Leaf Micro Particles
Authors: Durowaye Stephen , Sekunowo Olatunde , Kuforiji Catherine , Lawal Ganiyu , Okon Jacob
Published: February 2020

Reinforcement of polymers with particles to enhance their mechanical properties for various applications cannot be over emphasized. Hence, the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of polyester resin matrix composites reinforced with pineapple leaf particles was studied in order to develop an engineering material for industrial applications. Pineapple leaf particles treated and untreated with NaOH were separately blended with unsaturated polyester resin. 1 g of catalyst and 0.5 g of accelerator were added to the mixture to achieve a homogeneous interfacial interaction. The composites were made by mould casting and their microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. The NaOH treated pineapple leaf particles reinforced composite exhibited the highest tensile strength of 98.73 MPa at 15 wt. % and impact energy of 20.73 J at 20 wt. %. Microstructure showed a fairly uniform distribution of the pineapple leaf particles in the polyester resin matrix coupled with the strong interfacial bonding of the filler and matrix as the major factors responsible for the enhancement of the tensile strength and impact energy of the composites.
Development of an Arithmetic Function using Euler’s Phi Function and Study of its Properties
Authors: Maharjan Nischal , Budha Bhupendra
Published: February 2020

Available with full text.
Some freshwater algae from Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang: new for Nepal
Authors: Rajopadhyaya Ritu , Rai Shiva Kumar
Published: February 2020

Present paper describes new and interesting algae reported during the exploration of algal flora of Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang. A total of 20 species of freshwater algae, excluding cyanobacteria, have been reported from this wetland as new for Nepal. They were Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Botryococcus braunii, B. protuberans, Glaucocystis duplex, Gonium sociale, Kirchneriella contorta, Nephrocytium hydrophilum, N.obesum, Oocystiseremosphaeria, Sorastrum americanum, Staurastrum pseudosebaldi, S. striolatum var. divergens, S. subpolymorphum, Glenodinium borgei, Peridinium gatunense, Gomphonema lacusrankaloides, G. pseudoaugur, Nitzschia cf. pumila, Pinnularia amabilis and Ulnaria capitata. This wetland area is rich in algal diversity including red algae and it needs further extensive exploration.
Occurrences and field identities of fruit flies in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards in Sindhuli, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Debraj , Joshi Samundra Lal
Published: February 2020

Protocol based fruit fly surveillance made in 2014-15 in citrus orchards in Sindhuli district revealed six species of Bactrocera flies, namely Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), B. cucurbitaeCoquillett, B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. zonata (Saunders), B. tau Walker and B. scutellaris (Bezzi),and one species of Dacus longicornis Weidman. Except B. minax, other fruit flies we recollected in male lure traps, while B. minax fruit flies were also reared to adults from infested sweet oranges. Each species of fruit flies has been morphologically identified up to species level for field identification purpose. D. longicornis is reported for the first time from Nepal.
Impact of forest floor fire on soil carbon sequestration of Pinus roxburghii forest in Langtang National Park, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Biva , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Pandey Mohan , Giri Anjana
Published: February 2020

Forest floor fires are known to be significantly important in carbon sequestration in soil. The present study investigated the total soil carbon stock (charcoal+soil organic carbon) andCO2 flux from four different depths (0-2, 2-10, 10-30 and >30cm) in fired and unfired forest of P. roxburghii from Langtang National Park, Nepal. The aim of this study was to test the impact of forest floor fire on soil carbon sequestration. We measured total carbon stock in soil of unfired and fired sites of different intensities namely: high frequency and high intensity, high frequency and moderate intensity and high frequency and low intensity. There was significant difference (P=0.00) of the soil organic carbon between the sites and different soil depths tested by one-way ANOVA. Similarly, one-way ANOVA test showed that soil charcoal stock was significantly different (P=0.00) at different soil depths. The value of CO2 flux was increased with increasing volumetric water content and decreasing soil temperature. One-way ANOVA showed significant difference (P=0.00) of volumetric water content, soil temperature and CO2 flux between the sites. In high frequency and medium intensity site, high amount of carbon sequestrated in soil suggested that fire of medium intensity mitigates high CO2 from the atmosphere.
Gastrointestinal parasites of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790) in Ostrich Nepal Pvt. Ltd Gongoliya, Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Khatri Kamala , Maharjan Mahendra
Published: February 2020

Ostrich and Emu farming have been lunched with a very new concept to Nepalese market for their product in which parasitic diseases may cause significant effect to their production. In order to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Emu, a total of 100faecalsamples were collected during the month of May/July 2015. All samples were microscopically examined by using direct smear and concentration techniques (floatation and sedimentation).Out of 100 faecal samples, 65% were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Overall, seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including two protozoan, three nematodes and two cestodes were recorded. Amongprotozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. (30%) was more prevalent compared to Entamoeba sp.(10%). Among helminthes parasites, Ascaris sp. (15%)showed the higher prevalence rate followed by Dromaestrogylus sp. (10%), Davainea sp.(9%), Raillietina sp. (5%) and Heterakis sp. (5%). This study suggested that parasitic infection could be a serious problem in the farm hence needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in order to strengthen the successful emu production in Nepal.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigeons (Columba sp. Linnaeus, 1758) in three temples of Pokhara valley, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Amrit , Subedi Janak Raj
Published: February 2020

The present study was conducted to determine the general prevalence, identification, compare area-wise as well as infection-wise prevalence and find out activities on health care of pigeon (Columba sp.) in three temples viz. Bhadrakali temple, Bindhyabasini temple and Tal Barahi temple of Pokhara valley. Iodine wet mount and different concentration technique (floatation and sedimentation) were used for faecal qualitative tests whereas verbally administered questionnaires for interview and Microsoft Excel and “R” software packages were used inanalyzing data. Out of 120 faecal samples collected by opportunistic random faecal sampling method examined, general prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 69.16%. Total of seven gastrointestinal parasites that includes one subclass of protozoan: Coccidia (19.16%) and six genera of helminths: Capillaria sp. (31.67%), Ascaridia sp. (21.66%), Echinostoma sp.(7.50%), Syangamus sp. (5.83%), Hymenolepis sp. (3.33%) and Hetarakis sp. (2.50%) were identified and reported first time in Nepal. The prevalence rates (55%) of helminths were higher than protozoan parasites (19.16%). The higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in Bhadrakali temple with 77.50% followed by Tal Barahi temple (72.50%) and lowest in Bindhyabasini temple (57.50%). Statistically, the difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among study area was found to be insignificant whereas the difference in prevalence of single infection (43.83%) and mixed infections (25.83%) were also insignificant. No any activities on health care of pigeon regarding the gastrointestinal parasites were found. The study indicates that pigeons in three temples of Pokhara valley were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites.
Status of crop raiding by Assamese monkeys (Macaca assamensis) along the Budhigandaki river, central Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Suvas Chandra , Chalise Mukesh Kumar
Published: February 2020

Crop depredation study was done on Assamese monkeys (Macaca assamensis) in Budhigandaki river basin lying on Dhading and Gorkha districts of central Nepal. The field study was conducted from February 2015 to January 2016 spending 1804 hours to explore the ecology and feeding behavior of Assamese monkeys. The study mainly focused at Kallerivillage of Salang village development committee of Dhading district and Baseri, Majhitar and Siurenitar villages of Ghyalchok village development committee of Gorkha district. A total of16 individuals of Assamese monkeys were counted at Rigdi khola of Sigrepakha community forest of Salang village development committee of Dhading district whereas a total of 13individuals of Assamese monkeys were counted at Sandkhola of Benigam community forestand a total of 14 individuals of Assamese monkeys counted at Siurenitar of Ghyalchok village development committee of Gorkha district. Crop raiding data were collected by questionnaire survey method to local households in the nearby villages and also by direct observation. It was found that maize (58.43%) was the highest raided, followed by rice (11.34%), lentil(8.74%), peanut (4.35%), soyabean (4.18%), wheat (3.22%), fruits (2.97%), black pulses(1.87%), potato (1.67%), sesham (0.92%), tomato (0.79%), millet (0.67%), mustard (0.36%),broad beans (0.25%), brown lentil (0.18%) and pumpkin (0.06%).
Observation of dry season polyphenism in Melanitis leda at different altitudinal gradients in Nepal
Authors: Khanal Bhaiya
Published: February 2020

Melanitis leda, a shade loving Satyrid is distributed in tropical to temperate parts of the country. Wet Season Form of this butterfly displays paler wings, prominent eyespots and distinct under wing markings. Dry Season Form remains camouflaged with dry leaf litters mostly in undisturbed parts of the forest floor. This form has diminished eyespots with varying underwing markings. The gradient effect varies location wise which can be assumed to develop different phenotypic forms in this species. Nine such forms of Melanitis leda included in this study were recorded from different forest types of Nepal.
In memoriam
Authors: Shrestha Tej Kumar
Published: February 2020

Not available.
A systematic analysis of a two-word concgram in Nepalese policy documents: A corpus-driven approach
Authors: Bastola Madhu Neupane
Published: February 2020

Corpus linguistics can inform language teaching in various aspects from syllabus designing to creating exercises based on the real use of language. However, its use in language teaching is still rare. In the context of Nepal, though corpus linguistics forms a part of the University Curriculum in English Education, the students are rarely offered a practical experience of corpus analysis. The same is the case with teacher training courses. This paper followed an analytical procedure for identifying phraseological variation within a two-word ‘concgram’ that is a set of co-occurring words. In this paper, a two-word concgram, make/effort, is analyzed to identify concgram configurations, the most frequently used form, and its meaning by using concordance lines. Lastly, the paper presents the implications of corpus analysis in English language teaching.
Code-Mixing and literal translation in Nepal’s English newspapers
Authors: Poudel Sagar
Published: February 2020

This study examines the texts published in English newspapers in Nepal to find out the code mixing and literal translation of Nepali language. For the study, the data were taken from the secondary sources. Mainly two English newspapers, The Himalayan Times and The Kathmandu Post published in Nepal were taken as the sources of the data purposively. Code mixing is the use of code from one language into another language in the course of using it in communication. Similarly, literal translation is translating the source language text into the target language text with the equivalence of structure, lexicon and morphology. Such code mixing and literal translation brings variation into target language. The study found out that the codes, which are associated with religion, particular culture, local context and situations are mixed with English language. Similarly, the popular expressions among the Nepalese context were found literally translated.
Students’ preference for electronic and printed academic reading texts
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj
Published: February 2020

Students’ preference for the medium of academic reading texts has been diversified in the modern era. Some students’ preference for attaining information and knowledge has been confined only to print media, some are found to be attracted to electronic media and some prefer to use both electronic and print media for their academic purposes. This article is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at nine campuses across Makawanpur district, Nepal in the Academic Year 2018-2019.The purpose of this study is to investigate the Bachelor of Business Studies students ‘preference regarding electronic and print media of reading texts. The researcher adopted simple random sampling to select 526 students from the population of 798students. To collect data, the researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students ‘preference for electronic and print medium of the reading texts. Frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred print medium of reading texts; and the frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred electronic medium of reading show that more students in the research study preferred the print medium of reading texts versus the electronic medium. The chi-square test of independenceÇ2 (1) = 0.631, critical value = 3.841 and p > .05 show that statistically, there was no significant association between gender and the preferred medium of the academic reading texts.
Variations in English: Attitudes and awareness
Authors: Giri Ram Ashish
Published: February 2020

Not available.
Optimal Route Computation for Public Transport with Minimum Travelling Time & Travel Cost: A Case Study of Pokhara City
Authors: Thapa R. , Shrestha J.K.
Published: February 2020

In road networks, it is imperative to discover a shortest way to reach the final destination. When an individual is new to a place, lots of time is wasted in finding the destination. With the advancement of technology, various navigation applications have been developed for guiding private vehicles, but few are designed for public transportation. This study is solely concentrated on finding the possible shortest path in terms of minimum time and cost to reach specific destination for an individual. It requires an appropriate algorithm to search the shortest path. With the implementation of Dijkstra’s algorithm, the shortest path with respect to minimum travel time and travel cost was computed. Public transportation network of Pokhara city was taken for the case study of this research. The results of this analysis indicated that when the “time” impedance was used by the algorithm, it generated the shortest path between the origin and destination along with the path to be followed. This study formulates a framework for generating itinerary for passengers in a transit network that allows the user to find the optimal path with minimum travel time and cost.
The study of metabolic processes in the brain in conditions of hemorrhagic stroke on the background of pharmacotherapy with ademol
Authors: Zhaboedova N.V. , Khodakovsky A.A.
Published: February 2020

In the article, on the model of subarachnoid hemorrhage, some biochemical aspects of the cerebroprotective effect of an industrial sample of an ampoule 1.0% solution of ademol are disclosed, namely its effect on carbohydrate and energy metabolism, the state of antioxidant systems, the activity of lipoperoxidation processes, and the functioning of the L-arginine / NO system in rat brain as possible metabolitotropic components of its protective effect on brain neurons. Severe subarachnoid hemorrhage was created under conditions of propofol anesthesia by injection of heparinized autologous blood (0.1 ml / kg volume) through a catheter located in the subarachnoid space. We used the Student t parametric criterion, W. White nonparametric criterion, Ť Wilcoxon paired criterion — to determine significant changes in the dynamics within the group. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Using the example of the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it was established that ademol is able to eliminate brain energy deficiency (increase the content of adenosine triphosphoric acid and pyruvate in the brain while increasing the energy charge relative to the control pathology samples by an average of 45.1, 42.9 and 22.0%, p<0.05) reduce lactic acidosis (reduce the lactate content by 31.9%, p<0.05), eliminate the manifestations of oxidative stress (reduce the level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl groups of proteins on average by 30.5 and 18.8%, against the background of an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase by 42.1, 25.2 and 37.6%, respectively, p<0.05), simulate the exchange of nitric monoxide (increase the activity of NO synthase with a simultaneous increase in the content of NO L-arginine donor on average by 14.0 and 44.0%, respectively, p<0.05). In these properties, ademol significantly exceeded the effectiveness of solutions of amantadine and magnesium sulfate.
Clinical and morphological changes of the cardiovascular system in patients with cardioneurosis (neurocirculatory dystonia)
Authors: Chernykh M.O. , Berezovskyi A.M. , Shamrai V.A. , Postolovskyi L.Yu.
Published: February 2020

The term “cardioneurosis” (neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD)) refers to somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which is caused by the imbalance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and metasympathetic parts of the nervous system. It is a polyetiological disease characterized by multiple clinical symptoms, mainly from the cardiovascular system, which occur and aggravate against the background of acute and chronic stress effects, but has a benign course and a good prognosis. Despite the functional nature of the disease, pathology of the cardiovascular system in some patients may transform into organic one after a certain period of time. Due to the significant prevalence of NCD in the overall structure of cardiovascular diseases (up to 50%), especially among young and able-bodied people, the study of clinical features and the search for a morphological substrate of cardioneurosis is relevant. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of NCD on the heart connective tissue matrix (CTM) and the appearance of cardiac syndromes in NCD, their clinical manifestations on the part of the cardiovascular system. The analysis is based on a review of national and foreign original articles and research, using databases PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Web of Science. The article deals with the clinical features of cardioneurosis, in particular the appearance of cardiac syndromes in NCD and their clinical manifestations, as well as the role of structural disorders in CTM, as in a locus of primary neurovascular and neuroendocrine interactions. CTM changes that occur with NCD are associated with pathology which is caused by damage to the connective tissue, and in particular with non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue. Therefore, systemic dysplastic changes in CTM may be a marker of constitutional psycho-vegetative insufficiency and a morphological substrate of NCD.
Togo – 2019 : Domestic politics, foreign affairs, socio-economic development
Authors: Kohnert Dirk
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Controversial constitutional and institutional reforms voted in May in parliament opened the way for President Gnassingbé to stand for a fourth and fifth term (2020 and 2030) because the law does not apply retroactively. The first local elections since more than 30 years resulted in the victory of the ruling party. Grand expectations of the opposition which had hoped for a fundamental change at least at the grassroots were again dashed. The human rights situation sharply deteriorated due to growing political and social tensions related to the prospects of the head of state running for a fourth term. Islamist terrorist violence spread from Mali to the northern frontier region of Togo. The autonomous deep-water port of Lomé developed as a growth pole and hub for the sub-region. China became the major partner beside the established partners the EU, France and Germany. The informal sector still dominated the economy. Economic freedom remained with the overall status 'mostly unfree'. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ: Des réformes constitutionnelles et institutionnelles controversées votées en mai au Parlement ont ouvert la voie au président Gnassingbé pour se présenter aux quatrième et cinquième mandats (2020 et 2030) car la loi ne s'applique pas rétroactivement. Les premières élections locales depuis plus de 30 ans ont abouti à la victoire du parti au pouvoir. Les grandes attentes de l'opposition qui avait espéré un changement fondamental au moins à la base ont de nouveau été déçues. La situation des droits de l'homme s'est fortement détériorée en raison des tensions politiques et sociales croissantes, liées aux perspectives d'un quatrième mandat du chef de l'État. La violence terroriste islamiste s'est propagée du Mali à la région frontalière nord du Togo. Le port autonome en eau profonde de Lomé s'est développé comme un pôle de croissance et un hub pour la sous-région. La Chine est devenue le principal partenaire aux côtés des partenaires établis, l'UE, la France et l'Allemagne. Le secteur informel dominait toujours l'économie. La liberté économique est restée avec le statut global «pour la plupart non libre».
EFEKTIVITAS PELVIC ROCKING EXERCISE TERHADAP KEMAJUAN PERSALINAN DAN KEJADIAN ROBEKAN PERINEUM
Authors: Rizki Lailatul Khusnul , Anggraini Fritria Dwi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama kala II dan kejadian robekan perineum pada ibu bersalin yang melakukan pelvic rocking exercise dan tidak. Jenis penelitian yg digunakan adalah analitik observasional, dengan rancangan Quasi Experiment jenis nonequivalent control group design. Hasil analisis uji Mann Whitney didapatkan ρ value 0,009 (ρ<0,05), dapat diartikan bahwa ada perbedaan lama kala II yang cukup signifikan antara kelompok yang melakukan PRE dan yang tidak melakukan PRE. Hasil analisis uji Chi Square didapatkan ρ value 0,028 (ρ<0,05), yang dapat diartikan bahwa ada hubungan PRE dg Kejadian Robekan Perineum dengan tingkat signifikansi sedang. Ada pengaruh Pelvic Rocking Exercise terhadap kemajuan persalinan dan kejadikan robekan perineum, sehingga PRE cukup efektif untuk mempercepat proses persalinan dan menurunkan kejadian robekan perineum pada ibu bersalin.
Cyclones, Shipwrecks and Environmental Anxiety: British Rule and Ecological Change in the Andaman Islands, 1780s To 1900s
Authors: Singh Vipul
Published: February 2020

The article analyses how new settlements in the Andaman Islands changed the demography of humans and livestock in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Initially, British interest in the Islands was guided by its strategic location in the midst of the Indian Ocean. The aim was to establish a flag-post to secure impe- rial rule in India, Australia, Mauritius, and South East Asia. Convicts, guards and soldiers soon populated the islands. British expansionism had to face environmen- tal forces that endangered the imperial project. Frequent cyclones, for example, resulted in a high number of shipwrecks on the coast of the islands. This article examines the role of ecological factors in the British imperial expansion in the Andaman Islands.
A VIKOR-based framework to optimize the location of fast-charging stations with proportional hesitant fuzzy information
Authors: Yang Yu , Wang Jian-Qiang , Wang Jing
Published: February 2020

In this study, a multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) framework is constructed for electric vehicle fast-charging station (EVFCS) selection using a proportional hesitant fuzzy set (PHFS) that can describe two aspects of information: the possible membership degrees in the hesitant fuzzy elements and associated proportion representing statistical information from different groups. A newly extended distance measure for PHFSs is introduced and an extended maximizing deviation method is constructed to obtain criteria weights objectively. Accordingly, an integrated PHFS-VIKOR (VlseKriterijum-ska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method embedded with a new distance measure and extended maximizing deviation method is presented. With increasing concerns about range anxiety, it is essential to seek an optimal location for EVFCS considering efficient utilization of resources and long-term development of socio-economy under proportional hesitant fuzzy environment. Lastly, an illustration with sensitivity analysis and comparative analyses is provided to demonstrate the validity and robustness of our proposal.
A multi-criteria decision-making method based on triangular interval-valued fuzzy numbers and the VIKOR method
Authors: Wang Xingang , Wang Ke
Published: February 2020

In many cases, complex problems cannot be accurately described by precise numerical values. Fuzzy theory provides a suitable tool for solving these problems. However, if decision makers cannot reach an agreement on the method for defining linguistic variables based on fuzzy sets, TIVFNs (triangular interval-valued fuzzy numbers) can provide more accurate modeling. Therefore, solving fuzzy MCGDM (multiple criteria group decision-making) problem with an unknown expert weight and criterion weight in TIVFNs has become an important research direction. In this paper, TIVF-VIKOR (triangular interval-valued fuzzy VIKOR) method, which is suitable for the environment of TIVFNs, is proposed to solve the problem of fuzzy MCGDM. To achieve this goal, the TIVF-VIKOR method is innovatively adopted similarity and coefficient of variation are combined to calculate expert weight, and deviation maximization method based on divergence matrix is used to calculate criterion weight. VIKOR method is used to find the compromise solutions, which are converted into the form of binary connection number, and the optimal compromise solution is obtained after ranking. The proposed method is applied to the problem of machine fault detection, and the validity and feasibility of the method are illustrated. Compared with the TOPSIS∖ELECTRE method, the ranking results of the three methods are equivalent, and the fluctuation of the TIVF-VIKOR method is more distinct.
A fuzzy based integrated model for identification of vital node in terrorist network using logarithmic concept
Authors: Mishra Amit Kumar , Joshi Nisheeth , Mathur Iti
Published: February 2020

Analysis of the terrorist network is a process to analyze or deriving Useful information from the available network data. Ranking The Terrorist nodes within a terrorist network in identifying the most influential node is essential for the elaboration of Covert network mining. The purpose of this paper is to implement an approach of two dimensional criteria weight determination along with logarithmic concept implementation for vital node investigation in term of their influential ability. Betweenness, Closeness, Eigenvector, Hub, In-degree, Inverse closeness, Out-degree and Total degree considered as criteria and terrorist involved in 9/11 terrorist attack considered as alternatives used to formulate a decision problem. Although an integrated approach of Fuzzy based subjective-Aggregation concept based objective criteria weight determination and Ranking alternatives by the implementation of the logarithmic concept is used to solve multi criteria decision problems in order to show the application of most centralized node identification process which can be obtained easily by classification and selection problem solution using multiple criteria and alternatives.
Association between magnetic resonance imaging of carotid artery and coronary stenosis detected by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Chen Si-Ying , Wu Wen-Fang , Di Cong , Zhao Xin-Xiang
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the correlation between carotid artery stenosis (CAS) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the coronary stenosis (CS) determined by computed tomography angiography (CTA).

METHODS:

In this prospective study, 42 subjects diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent MRI and CTA examinations. The severity degree and number of CAS, the score, detection rate and type of carotid plaque, and also the severity degree and number of CS were assessed. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CAS and CS.

RESULTS:

CS was detected in 42 (100%) subjects, while CAS was detected in 36 (85.7%) subjects. Distribution of CAS severity grades in multiple-vessel group was significantly different from other groups, which with more moderate and severe stenosis ( p < 0.05). A positive and significant correlation between the CAS severity and CS severity (r = 0.612, p < 0.05), and the number of involved coronary vessels ( r = 0.572, p < 0.05) were observed, respectively. Both detection rate (r = 0.587, p < 0.05) and score (r = 0.735, p < 0.05) of carotid plaque showed a good correlation with the number of involved coronary vessels. After carotid MRI, 71 carotid plaques were detected in 42 subjects, with an incidence rate of 9.9% in subjects with mild CS, 18.3% in moderate CS and 71.8% in severe CS.

CONCLUSION:

Correlation between CAS measured by MRI and CS determined by CTA was identified in present study. These results indicated that the non-invasive CAS evaluation employing the MRI may be clinically useful for the assessment of CS.