bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scrutinizing Civil Servants’ Integrity in The Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Netnographic Method
Authors: Hamim Ahmad Husni , Ayundhari Vidia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntegrity is one competency that civil servants must have. In this Covid-19 pandemic, civil servants’ integrity becomes an observable focus. The Work from Home (WFH) system may highly change the way how they work at home. The research aims at scrutinizing integrity inferences of civil servants during the pandemic. WhatsApp, as an application used by them to communicate, has become a significant medium to observe the patterns. Netnography method is used to observe civil servants’ community behavior on social media. From the inferences observation, it is discovered that they have demonstrated forms of integrity, such as responsibility and professionalism. The civil servants are also getting more solid, helping, and relying on each other. When conflict occurs, they will retain the right principle. On the other hand, some would balance the situation. Consistency and discipline sensed from how civil servants perceiving all-online-formats. To sum up, performing online duties during Work from Home (WFH) has shown forms of integrity among civil servants. ABSTRAKIntegritas merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki seorang ASN. Dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19, integritas ASN menjadi sebuah fokus yang patut diobservasi. Sistem Work from Home (WFH) mau tidak mau mengubah cara kerja seorang ASN ketika berada di rumah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengamati inferensi integritas ASN selama pandemi. WhatsApp, sebagai aplikasi yang digunakan para ASN untuk berkomunikasi menjadi media yang signifikan dalam mengamati pola-pola integritas tersebut. Metode netnografi digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku komunitas ASN pada media sosial. Dalam pengamatan inferensinya, ditemukan bahwa ASN telah menunjukkan bentuk-bentuk integritas seperti, tanggungjawab dan profesionalisme. Para ASN juga semakin solid, saling membantu, dan mengandalkan satu sama lain. Setiap sebuah konflik terjadi, mereka akan mempertahankan prinsip yang benar. Di sisi lain, ada yang menyeimbangkan situasi. Konsistensi dan kedisiplinan juga terlihat dari bagaimana ASN memandang format serba daring. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas daring menunjukkan berbagai bentuk integritas para ASN.
Negosiasi Performativitas Pedagogis Pembelajaran Musik Generasi Z
Authors: Bahaudin Imam , Juwariyah Anik , Yanuartuti Setyo
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This study identifies and explores the negotiations that occur as pedagogical performativity in learning music in the digital era for Generation Z. This study also looks at the performativity of conventional to modern music learning. Furthermore, it can be known and clarified the position of music learning and its flexibility in learning modern music for generation Z. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were obtained with questionnaires in qualitative research, and interviews, which were taken from April 2020 to January 2021. The data sources were 100 music teachers in Surabaya and Sidoarjo, East Java. The research point of view uses the concept of children's musical aspects popularized by Schu-Fang Lin and Helena Gaunt (2016) about the pedagogy of 21st Century music learning. The results show that performativity and pedagogical negotiation in Generation Z music learning begins with awareness and learning innovations carried out by teachers. The teacher realizes that the entry of technology has a significant role in the learning process of music. Negotiation of performativity and pedagogy ultimately leads to a multidimensional learning model that has a reciprocal effect on students. Multidimensional learning highlights the advantages of embracing technology for music learning for Generation Z without obscuring the traditional and other essential aspects of music and conventional learning. The use of technology and the negotiations that occur in it raises multidimensional learning, which aims to include aspects of the face-to-face classroom learning experience with technology-based learning experiences to become an attraction for Generation Z in music learning.Keywords: negotiating, performativity, pedagogy, music learning, Generation Z
Analisis Konten Kesehatan Mental Dalam Karya Musik Kendrick Lamar
Authors: Erlambang Muhammad Fandy , Fuady Ikhsan , Wibowo S. Kunto Adi
Published: July 2021

During the 2000s and 2010s, mental health problems of Generation Z youth increased, but efforts to seek help decreased. However, rap music can be one of the several interventions that can help them. In this content analysis research, the authors apply a quantitative analysis method to the lyrics contained in the music of Kendrick Lamar, one of the most popular rap musicians during the 2010s. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 58 Kendrick Lamar songs to find the number of mental health references in his musical works from 2011 to 2017. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques include frequency analysis, Cochran-Armitage test for trends in linear proportions, and cross-tabulations test using SPSS. Based on analysis results, it was found that 31 of the 58 songs in the sample contained mental health references. Mental health references in Kendrick Lamar's music increased from 2011 to 2012, but decreased from 2012 to 2017. The mental health references found were also related to contributing factors such as environmental conditions, spiritual beliefs, and love life. The writing of this research is expected to contribute to the realm of content analysis of rap music and popular music as a whole.Keywords: Mental health reference, Kendrick Lamar, rap music
On the Issue of Improving Remuneration System in Budget Organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Baidybekova S. K.
Published: July 2021

Budget organizations are created by public authorities, they are non-profit organizations whose activities are related to the provision of various types of services. They are financed by the state budget on the basis of financing plans of higher-level organizations. The main goal of budget organizations is the implementation of socio-cultural, managerial, scientific and technical projects, non-commercial in nature, which and funded by the state budget. The article describes the peculiarities of accounting in budget organizations and analyzes the implementation of an individual financing plan, provides a vertical analysis of the remuneration of key staff of an enterprise, along with the analysis of the number and quality of the staff and its movement in a budget organization. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of accounting and analysis of wages and salaries in budget organizations. To achieve this goal, the tasks were set to determine, on the basis of the analysis, the degree of supply of high-qualified specialists in budget organization; if an organization’s human resources are used effectively and efficiently; to identify the urgent problems in labor accounting and analysis of wages; to develop the main ways to improve accounting processes and increase the efficiency of the use of labor resources in budget organizations. Various research methods were used such as comparative, statistical methods and a structural analysis. In the context of globalization of the economy, the effective and rational use of personnel has a direct impact on the well-being of the people, labor productivity of employees of enterprises of all forms of ownership, including budget organizations. The article proposes the methodology to assess the effectiveness of labor resources within each structural unit, as well as for each employee personally by applying such methods as questioning, testing, appraisal interviews and others. The problems of accounting and analysis at enterprises in the context of international financial reporting standards are currently relevant, consequently it is necessary to work further to improve the organization of accounting and analysis of staff remuneration in budget organizations.
Structural Classification Methodology and Assignment of General Shop Costs for the Industrial Company’s Production Cost
Authors: Mizikovskii I. E.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the issues of improving the grouping and rearrangement of indirect costs of industrial companies, as well as their attribution to the production costs (works, services). Structural classification is one of the most urgent problems of accounting and calculation activities. This system involves the economically justified identification and subsequent systematization of indirect costs in the accounting information space and production management of an economic entity in the real sector of the transformation economy. The study goal is to develop a methodology that allows to reduce labor costs and improve the quality of the process. Also, it helps to raise the result of forming the production cost of an industrial company, improves the information base for making managerial decisions and economic strategies for the development of the company. The foundation of the theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the use of structural classification of costs based on dichotomous relations, observations, verification, semantic and multifactorial types of economic analysis, graphical formalization, decomposition. The author considered in detail the existing approaches to the identification of indirect production costs and the model of their inclusion in the cost price. The implementation of the proposed methodology is aimed at ensuring greater efficiency of the accounting and calculation process and awareness of management decision-makers. The study results can be used by practical and scientific workers, state bodies staff in improving regulatory documents.
Role of Mobile Phones in Developing Motivation through Reading Activities in English Language Learners
Authors: Segura Arias Roger
Published: July 2021

This case study attempts to elucidate the effects that the use of mobile phones as tools for teaching reading have in fostering motivation in EFL students. Through the use of qualitative research techniques, the professor executes a set of activities in a reading techniques course for second-year English language learners; focus groups and questionnaires help gather the students' perceptions on their involvement, enjoyment, and investment; the atmosphere created during the implementation of the activities, and their overall experience. In conclusion, the ubiquity of cell phones provides advantages in the development of motivation towards learning English and in fostering independence.
Implementing Lesson Plans for Collaborative Learning with Children in an EFL Context
Authors: Carvajal Ayala Daisy Catalina , Avendaño-Franco Ricardo Alonso
Published: July 2021

Different authors have argued that collaborative work among children helps them to negotiate meanings and find solutions for learning. In this article, we describe a study conducted to validate a set of lesson plans specifically designed for collaborative work with children in collaborative learning spaces. A group of nine teachers implemented the lessons in their classes. Data were gathered by means of ethnographical notes to determine children’s reactions to collaborative work. As well, teachers responded a questionnaire on their perception of the lesson plans and collaborative learning. Results show that children can indeed work in collaboration when given the adequate conditions. Implications point in the direction of teacher education programs that can help teachers understand the principles and practices of collaborative learning with children.
The Role of Technology in ELL Classes in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Barzani Sami Hussein Hakeem , Aslam Muhammad Zammad , Aslam Talha
Published: July 2021

In the contemporary English language classroom, technology keeps an important role to support language learning. The present research focuses only on the tools, i.e., Smart Boards, tablets/laptops, and LMS (online learning management system), which English language teachers utilize in their class at the level of English Preparatory School, BS and Master in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Moreover, the present qualitative and observational research examines the role of technology, which is utilized at the English Preparatory School in Cyprus International University to teach English to the learners who learn English as a Second Language. For the present research, the researchers collect the data through 2 interviews of the teachers who teach at Cyprus International University (CIU) and from an in-depth literature review. Through the findings of the present research, the researchers observe that: a) all the teachers in TRNC utilize technology, i.e., Smart Boards, tablets and LMS during the teaching of English language and English subjects, i.e., Multimedia (only for PowerPoint presentations); b) in TRNC, the technology helps the English Language Learners (ELLs) to enhance their language skills and make them independent language learners; c) in TRNC, teachers, and students who utilize technology in language learning process face technical challenges due to lack of knowledge or less familiarity with the technology. Hence, the present research would explore the pros and cons of technology and intends the knowledge of a teacher who would take an interest in teaching language through technology.
Portraits of Graduates in Becoming Multilingual and Multicultural Citizens in the Context of Internationalization
Authors: Abduh Amirullah , Jayadi Karta , Dunakhir Samirah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the portraits of graduates who have learned English as a foreign language on one hand, while maintaining Indonesian and local languages on the other. This study draws on poststructuralist notions of identity and language learning and uses a portraiture lens emphasising contexts and voice. This paper draws on data from semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews of five key participants relating their contextual backgrounds and their efforts to be bilinguals. Learning an additional language requires systemic and multifaceted overarching approaches over relatively long periods of time rather than a single strategy within a short period. These efforts have contributed them to beome multilingual and multicultural individuals.  Empirical evidence shows that situational factors such as language exposure and motivation play dominant roles to assists learners to be bilingual and biliterate individuals. The situational factors link closely to the exposure in terms of quantity and quality of experiences to the target language.  They are, nevertheless, valuable as portraits of learners.
Periculum maris come il valore contrattuale nel diritto romano
Authors: Benincasa Zuzanna
Published: July 2021

For persons who wanted to invest their resources in international commerce, the necessity of a sea voyage significantly increased the risk connected to this venture. Thus the contracts, which took into account the risk related to navigation, constituted under Roman law a special category of contracts, as they modified standard contracts such as a loan or a partnership contract. In the contract of maritime loan the fact that the creditor assumed the risk of losing money in case the condition si salva navis pervenerit was not fulfilled and in exchange could claim high interest to compensate him for such risk transforms this contract into an instrument used for the joint gain of profits. The classical scheme, in which all partners were obliged to share both profits and losses was modified by a partnership contract, in which a partner whose contribution involved exclusively undertaking risky sea voyages was exempt from bearing losses. This pactum made it possible to treat pecuniary contributions and in-kind contributions as equivalent in value. This prevented a situation in which the partner whose sole contribution involved services, in spite of due performance of his obligations, would be liable to repay a part of the loss to the partner who brought capital, if the activity of the partnership resulted in the loss. A typical example, referred to by jurists, of a situation in which services performed by a partner justified discharging him from participating in the loss, was the case in which one of the socii financed the purchase of goods to be subsequently sold with profit in another port, while the other one carried out this venture risking his life during the sea voyage. Therefore, undoubtedly, services entailing a dangerous sea voyage constituted a good example of a partnership, in which the value of a contribution of opera was even greater than the value of the capital invested, and this justified releasing one of the partners from participation in the loss. Therefore, the risk related to navigation, and more specifically the willingness to assume it, starts to be considered as having a certain economic and market value. This value constitutes a special periculi pretium, that is to be taken into consideration in a contract relationship. The acknowledgement by Roman jurists that the willingness to assume the risk connected with certain types of business constituted an economic value, means that the importance of such factors as the partner’s efficiency, resourcefulness, or willingness to embark on a risky activity (in most cases crucial for a success of an enterprise) – was fully appreciated.
Some remarks on sea transport and its legal regulations in Roman law
Authors: Marzec Łukasz
Published: July 2021

In a recently discovered letter the Roman emperor hadrian grants to the civic authorities of the port of miletus permission to establish a corporation of shippers. Confronting this new text with the relevant legal and other epigraphic evidence, this paper explores the implications of this text for our understanding of the process for and, the motivations behind, setting up such a corporation.
Interdyktalna ochrona swobody żeglugi morskiej i zasobów morza
Authors: Szolc-Nartowski Bartosz
Published: July 2021

The Author presents issues related to the legal status of the sea and its shores in ancient Rome, the course of interdict proceedings and individual interdict as legal tools developed by the Roman jurisprudence and praetor to protect the freedom of sea navigation and the use of sea coasts and sea resources.
Septimius Severus – restitutor castrorum (et portus) ostiensium
Authors: Tatarkiewicz Anna , Królczyk Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

The activity of Septimius Severus in relation to ostia and Portus is significant and multidimensional. The emperor, who himself came from a city-port of Lepcis magna, was well aware of the importance of ostia for Rome and the Roman empire as a whole. This can be demonstrated by the series of activities undertaken at the mouth of the Tiber. These activities were intensified in particular during the preparations for the expeditio felicissima Britannica. Septimius Severus undoubtedly deserved the epigraphically certified title of restitutor castrorum ostiensium.
Odpowiedzialność państw za szkody wyrządzone w środowisku morskim
Authors: Ciechanowicz-McLean Janina
Published: July 2021

The States’ responsibility is a fundamental institution of international law. The International law Commission – IlC expressed that in the Articles on responsibility of States for International Wrongful Acts. The principles and rules governing States are more clear and certain because they are set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – UNCLoS. UNCLoS and the Articles of ILC provide mechanisms to hold States respon- sible if they fail to fulfil their obligations to prevent, reduce and control pollutions of the marine environment. The dispute settlement procedures in UNCLoS provide remedies for an effective action that are not available in most fields of transboundary pollution.
Basis Data Antropometri untuk Skrining Awal Status Kesehatan Lansia
Authors: Sarvia Elty , Wianto Elizabeth , Yudiantyo Wawan , Apriyani Pertiwi , Da Costa Gideon Benjamin
Published: July 2021

Data antropometri bagi lansia Indonesia masih terbatas, padahal data ini berguna bagi perancangan peralatan yang dapat mendukung aktivitas lansia agar tetap mandiri, produktif, dan tidak tergantung dengan generasi di bawahnya. Data antropometri lansia diperlukan karena adanya perbedaan ukuran secara fisik, penurunan kekuatan, dan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyediakan basis data dimensi tubuh bagi lansia, menganalisis variabel terkait seperti pengaruh usia dan pendidikan terhadap nilai Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), pengaruh kategori tempat tinggal terhadap screening awal Sarkopenia menggunakan instrument SARC-F, pengaruh Nilai Indeks Massa Tubuh (BMI) terhadap nilai SARC-F. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap laki-laki dan perempuan dengan rentang usia 55 tahun ke atas. Subyek akan terbagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu lansia potensial dan lansia tidak potensial. Terdapat 42 dimensi data utama tubuh dan tangan, kekuatan tangan, MMSE, dan SARC-F yang dikumpulkan untuk setiap partisipan dengan total subyek 105 orang dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposif. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa 76 % dimensi perempuan dan 68 % dimensi laki-laki memiliki perbedaan terhadap dimensi dewasa (rentang usia 18-22 tahun), tidak ada pengaruh dari kelompok usia, pendidikan, maupun kedua faktor tersebut terhadap nilai MMSE, ada pengaruh kategori tempat tinggal terhadap nilai SARC-F, dan tidak ada pengaruh dari BMI terhadap nilai SARC-F. 

Kata kunci (keywords): Antropometri, Lanjut Usia, MMSE, SARC-F
Suicide contagion, the suicide pact and the effects of suicidal behaviour in therapeutic and family relationships
Authors: White Tony
Published: July 2021

This article is about suicide and relationships. How suicidal thoughts and behaviours can impact relationships for the suicidal person and those around them. This includes relationships between the suicidal person and other suicidal people as well as the suicidal person and others who are non-suicidal. How the suicidal can impact the other and how the other in turn then impacts the suicidal person back. What effects they have on each other in terms of how they think and feel and then how that effects their transactions with each other. More specifically it examines suicide clusters, suicide pacts, suicidality in the therapeutic relationship and suicidality in family relationships.
Serum IL-17, obesity, and metabolic risk in Mexican young adults
Authors: Aradillas-García Celia , Monreal-Escalante Elizabeth , Vargas-Morlaes Juan Manuel , Alegría-Torres Jorge , Rosales-Méndoza Sergio , Terán-García Margarita , Portales-Pérez Diana Patricia
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Obesity and several inflammatory pathways contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines and other signal proteins produced in fat and liver appear to propagate inflammation systemically. IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-cells. Upon binding to its receptor, IL-17 activates a cascade of signals that include MAPK, NF-kB and other pro- inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine if the IL-17 levels are associated with obesity and its metabolic comorbidities in young adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in the UP AMIGOS 2009 cohort. Anthropometric measurement and blood samples were collected. Fasting glucose, insulin, and serum lipid profile was measured by conventional methods. Serum IL-17 was determined by ELISA assay in 102 individuals with obesity and overweight also in 306 lean students (aged 18 to 26 years old. RESULTS: Higher levels of IL-17 were found in the group with obesity (34.99 pg/mL) when compared to lean subjects (26.57 pg/mL). In addition, a positive correlation between serum IL-17 and body mass index and waist circumference in the group with obesity were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IL-17 levels in young individuals with obesity and overweight are associated with risk factors for developing chronic metabolic diseases
The rhetoric of ecology in the post-apocalyptic cinematic landscape
Authors: Stefanopoulou Evdokia
Published: July 2021

Contemporary post-apocalyptic films portray a world ravaged by ecological catastrophes, and humanity on the brink of extinction. Such films echo the urgent environmental discourses of the Anthropocene, while offering instances of a post-anthropocentric perspective and the new subject-formations it engenders. The article argues that the central rhetorical device that generates an ecocritical perspective in such films is the post-apocalyptic landscape. Cinematic space shapes the meaning of all films, and this is even more emphatic when setting is transformed into landscape (Lefebvre 2006). What is more, in the post-apocalyptic films, the landscape becomes the main site of the films’ “rhetorical enviromentality” (McMurry 2017). The article examines the post-apocalyptic landscape in I Am Legend (2007) and Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) and how it articulates the entangled relation between humans and the collapsing world that surrounds them. Using Rosi Braidotti’s (2013) post-human theory, I contend that these cinematic landscapes hint at an “eco-philosophy of multiple belongings” (Braidotti 2013, 49) and enact “a process of redefining one’s sense of attachment and connection to a shared world” (Braidotti 2013, 2019). Ultimately, I conclude that the affective appeal of these landscapes implicates the viewer in post-anthropocentric perspectives, thus prompting new modes of environmental consciousness.
Dialektyka erystyczna jako sztuka unikania rozmówców nieadekwatnych
Authors: Hordecki Bartosz Michał
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest pogłębiona interpretacja poglądów Arthura Schopenhauera w odniesieniu do „sporu erystycznego”, postrzeganego przez filozofa jako najbardziej rozpowszechniona odmiana dyskusji. Lektura „Eristische Dialektik. Die Kunst Recht zu Behalten”, “Zur Logik und Dialektik” i „Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung” pozwala stwierdzić, że według Schopenhauera spór powinien być przede wszystkim istotny poznawczo, co wymaga spełnienia przez interlokutorów warunków wstępnych, dotyczących wiedzy, uczciwości i rzetelności. Fundamentalną zasadą sztuki dyskusji jest właściwy dobór współdyskutantów i konsekwentne unikanie rozmów z każdym, kto dyskutować nie potrafi (o ile o wyborze interlokutora można decydować). W tekście wskazano, że Schopenhauer najprawdopodobniej traktował zasadę unikania rozmówców nieadekwatnych jako dyrektywę ogólną, odnoszącą się do wszelkich typów sporów. Ta interpretacja skutkuje pytaniem o możliwe aplikacje przywołanej zasady we współczesnych dyskursach liberalno-demokratycznych.
IRONGATE AND IRONGATES
Authors: BİLGİN Mehmet
Published: July 2021

Doğu Karadeniz sıradağları üzerinde bulunan ve Demirkapı ismini taşıyan altı geçit bölgesi var. Bu adlandırmalar tesadüfi değildir. Kaynaklarda ilk defa Orhun Yazıtlarında rastladığımız Demirkapı adlandırmasına Türk Dünyası’nda yaygın
bir şekilde rastlanılması, konunun bir bütün olarak ele alınmasını gerektirir. Bunu açıklamak için, Özbekistan’da, Kafkasya’da ve Tuna nehri üzerinde Demirkapı ismini taşıyan, coğrafi ve tarihi bakımdan önemli olan üç noktayı seçtik.
Orta Asya, Kafkasya ve Doğu Avrupa’da mevcut ve tarihi ve coğrafi bakımdan ortak özelliklere sahip bu üç nokta, bir yol sistemi üzerinde, dar bir geçit noktası ve bu noktada bir kontrol sistemine sahiptir. Buradan hareketle Demirkapı
ismini taşıyan diğer yerlerin, bu ismi almasının bir rastlantı olmadığını söyleyebiliriz. Bu isimlendirme geleneğinin sahibi Türkler ve Türk kültürü, bu bölgelerin tarihi arka planında önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu arka plan bize,
Demirkapı adlandırmasının, tarihin eski dönemlerinden bu yana, çok geniş coğrafyada etkin olmuş Türk Kültürünün demir kazıkları olduğuna işaret eder. Bölgelerin günümüzdeki siyasi ve ekonomik durumuna rağmen, Demirkapı adlandırmasının
Türkçeden sonra yerel dillere de çevrilerek devam etmesi ve benimsenmesi de bu arka planın bir tezahürüdür.
Location Selection in Ski Resorts: Van and Bitlis Province Examples
Authors: AYDIN Bahtiyar , ALAEDDİNOĞLU Faruk
Published: July 2021

Eğlence turizmi kapsamında değerlendirilen kış sporları Türkiye’nin turizm arzında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak kayak merkezlerinin kuruluş yerleriyle ilgili yaşanan sorunlar kış sporlarında verimsizliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu durum
rekreasyon amaçlı turizm faaliyetlerini sınırlandırmakta, kayak merkezlerinin kurulduğu illerin gelecekte alacağı pozisyon açısından olumsuz durumların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’nin birçok ilinde karşılaşılan bu
durum Van Abalı Kayak Merkezi ve Bitlis Nemrut Kardelen Kayak Merkezi’nde de mevcuttur. Söz konusu kayak merkezlerinin yer seçiminden kaynaklı verimlilik sorunları bu çalışmaya konu edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı,
kayak merkezlerinin yanlış yer seçiminden kaynaklı sorunların başta ekonomik kayıplar olmak üzere çevresel sorunlar ve olası kış sporları yatırımlarını ne denli olumsuz etkilediği gerçeğini bütün paydaşların bilgisine sunmaktır.
Bu çalışma, Van ve Bitlis illerinin kış turizm potansiyelini konu alan bir Yüksek Lisans tez çalışması kapsamında üretilmiş ve araştırma alanında bulunan kayak merkezlerinin yer seçimlerinin doğruluğu ve verimlilikleri üzerine
odaklanmıştır. Kayak merkezlerinin lokasyon özelliklerini saptayabilmek adına konu uzmanlarıyla birlikte üç sezon gözlemler yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yer seçiminin doğru ve işletmenin verimli çalışıp çalışmadığını ortaya koymak
adına öncelikle konu uzmanları ve işletme yöneticileriyle altışar sorudan oluşan bir mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca saha çalışması ve mülakatları desteklemek adına Yüksek Lisans tezinde uygulanan ve yirmi üç sorudan oluşan
bir anketin üç sorusu bu çalışma için kullanılmıştır. Bütün bu veri toplama araçlarından elde edilen genel sonuç, Abalı ve Nemrut Kardelen Kayak merkezlerinin yer seçimlerinin yanlış olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle bazı yıllar
bütün bir sezon (2018-2019) kayak yapılamamakta, bazı yıllarda ise sadece çok kısıtlı bir süre kayak yapılabilmektedir. Şüphesiz bu durum hem bölgede yaşayan insanların rekreatif faaliyet ihtiyacını karşılayamamakta hem de bölgeye
yapılabilecek muhtemel kış turizm yatırımlarının önünde büyük bir engel olarak durmaktadır.
Cambios en la cobertura y uso del suelo en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas
Authors: Escobar Flores Rosa Elena , Castillo Santiago Miguel Angel
Published: July 2021

El Soconusco se caracteriza por ser una de las regiones agrícolas más productivas del estado de Chiapas, en la que aún se conservan zonas de alta biodiversidad amenazadas por el cambio de uso del suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las trayectorias del cambio en la cobertura y usos del suelo en tres cuencas de dicha región durante un período de 25 años. Se clasificaron imágenes de satélite de 1990, 2000 y 2015. Los resultados mostraron una significativa pérdida de la vegetación natural (bosques, manglares y vegetación secundaria), además de la expansión de los asentamientos humanos. Se identificaron procesos diferentes de cambio en cada uno de los paisajes evaluados: Costa, Planicie y Sierra. En la Planicie, el cambio de uso de suelo predominante fue la sustitución de cultivos básicos por plantaciones agrícolas. En los paisajes de Sierra y Costa, donde hay remanentes importantes de bosques, el cambio más evidente fue la deforestación. A pesar de que en la región se registraron fuertes incrementos en la densidad poblacional y en las áreas urbanas, las zonas dedicadas a la producción de cultivos básicos se han mantenido sin modificaciones. El patrón de cambios en la cobertura de suelo indica que la región de estudio está en un proceso de intensificación de la agricultura y de la urbanización.
Morfotipos de ectomicorrizas en una cronosecuencia de rodales de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. en la zona este de México
Authors: Baeza Guzmán Yajaira , Dorantes López Jesús , Medel Ortiz Rosario , Trejo Aguilar Dora
Published: July 2021

La actividad forestal en México se sustenta en el aprovechamiento de diversas especies de pinos; una de las más utilizados es Pinus patula. Los hongos ectomicorrízicos (HECM) incrementan la supervivencia de las plántulas, por lo que su uso asegura el éxito de las plantaciones; además, la reforestación con taxa nativos de pino aumenta la diversidad de HECM. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron comparar la diversidad de HECM asociados a la edad de los rodales y determinar los cambios en la comunidad fúngica a nivel de morfotipos. El estudio se realizó en una plantación con rodales de 2, 5, 7, 9, 14 a 25 y >50 años. Se recolectaron raíces micorrizadas al inicio de la temporada de lluvias, se agruparon de acuerdo con su morfología y se calculó el índice de diversidad, porcentaje de abundancia y frecuencia relativa. Se determinaron 28 morfotipos, tres a nivel de género: Laccaria (2), Tomentella (2) y Cortinarius (1). Se obtuvo una correspondencia positiva entre el número de morfotipos y la edad del arbolado. Los rodales maduros (14-25 y >50 años) fueron más diversos, con respecto a los jóvenes (2 a 9 años); a excepción del de 7 años, cuyos valores coincidieron con los rodales maduros. Los morfotipos probables de Laccaria spp. fueron más abundantes y frecuentes en el rodal más joven (33 %). A través de la cronosecuencia se registraron morfotipos únicos y compartidos. Se concluye que la edad del rodal es un factor importante en la composición de la comunidad HECM, elementos clave en los planes de manejo forestal.
Análisis multitemporal del uso del suelo y vegetación en el Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey
Authors: Jiménez Pérez Javier , Sandoval-García Rufino , Yerena-Yamallel José Israel , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Gómez-Meza Marco Vinicio
Published: July 2021

El Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey se caracteriza por su accidentada orografía que determina la distribución de una gran diversidad de ecosistemas, los cuales generan bienes y servicios ambientales como la captura de carbono y el abasto de agua para el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey; sin embargo, está sujeto a una fuerte presión por el avance progresivo de asentamientos humanos, el cambio de uso del suelo con fines agropecuarios e incendios forestales. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la dinámica de cambio del uso del suelo y de la vegetación, mediante el análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales de alta resolución. Los resultados indican que los ecosistemas están experimentando cambios constantes debido a factores tanto naturales como antropogénicos; por una parte, los bosques de pino, encino-pino y encino registran una tasa anual de cambio de 0.406, 0.272 y 0.245, respectivamente que equivalen a una recuperación de cobertura forestal de 3 590.50 ha. En tanto que, ecosistemas como el pastizal, matorral desértico rosetófilo y matorral desértico micrófilo presentan una tasa anual de cambio de -0.954, -0.735 y -0.562 que representan una pérdida de cobertura de 1 919.97 ha. Esta dinámica de uso del suelo pone en riesgo la integridad, capacidad de resiliencia y la multifuncionalidad de los bienes y servicios que proporciona Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey al Área Metropolitana de Monterrey.
Model Dekonstruksi Metafora Naskah Merarik Kodeq Menyoal Penikahan Dini
Authors: Renda Rapi
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Naskah merarik kodek merepresentasikan kritik terhadap fenomena pernikahan dini di masyarakat Lombok. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji konflik pernikahan dini dalam naskah merarik kodek. Metode penelitian ini kualitatif jenis metode pustaka. Analisis data menggunakan dekonstruksi Derrida dalam memaknai konflik pernikahan dini yang disampaikan penulis melalui bahasa metafora. Sumber data adalah naskah merarik kodek karya Galih Mulyadi. Naskah merarik kodek terindikasi menggunakan bahasa metafora dalam menyampaikan konflik pernikahan dini. Dalam penelitian ditemukan: 1. metafora bentuk ekspresi transposisi yang tidak memiliki makna lain, seperti, a) Seratus delapan puluh derajat, b) Bantal tidur, c) Menyamankan lelap, d) Ia terbang jauh, e) Indahnya mimpi malam hari bantal tidur tak dirasa lagi, f) Diriku ya diriku, dirinya ya dirinya, g) Kebius manisnya cinta, di atas hamparan pasir yang sunyi, h) Diiringi canda manis ombak pasang yang berkejaran dan bisikan pasir yang terdengar sedikit menggoda, i) Berani melawan, j) Bapakmu dengan gagahnya, k) Melarikan, tulang punggung,  l) Benar-benar letih, m) Seorang perusak, dan n) Pembelaan diri yang menyakitkan hati; 2. metafora bentuk ekspresi transposisi yang memiliki makna lain (ekspresi transferensi), mempertemukan barterdisasi antara konflik peristiwa yang dialami tokoh pra dan pasca pernikahan yang menjelaskan sebab akibat dari ketidaksiapan remaja dalam menjalankan kehidupan rumah tangga.
Abstract: The script of “Merariq Kodek” represents a criticism of the phenomenon of early marriage in Lombok. The aim of this study is to examine the conflict that happened in early marriage in “Merariq Kodek” script. The method of this study is used qualitative method. The data analysis is used Derrida's deconstruction in interpreting early marriage conflicts which the writer conveyed through metaphor language. The source of the data is based on Galih Mulyadi's “Merarik Kodek” script. The manuscript is indicated to use metaphor language which in early marriage conflicts. The results of this research were found; 1. Metaphors are form of transpositional expressions that has no other meaning, such as, a) One hundred and eighty degrees, b). Sleeping pillow, c) Soothing sleep, d). He flew far, e) The beauty of night dreams of sleeping pillows is no longer felt, f) Myself is myself, he is himself, g) The beauty of the sweetness of love, on the lonely stretch of sand, h) Accompanied by the sweet jokes of the waves and the whisper of sand that sounds a little seductive, i) Dare to fight, j) Your father bravely, k) Escape, backbone, l) Really tired, m) A destroyer, and n) Self-defense that hurts the heart. 2). The metaphor of  transpositional expressions has another meaning (transference expression). It  brings the exchange between the conflict events by pre-wedding and post-marriage figures which explain the causes of youth facing the marriage life.
Effects of Minerals on Growth of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. and Their Impact on Cocoon Economic Parameters
Authors:   Department of Sericulture, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam – 641 301, K.A MURUGESH , A ARUNA ,   Department of Sericulture, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam – 641 301, K CHOZHAN ,   Department of Sericulture, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam – 641 301
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed at increasing the cocoon yield by fortifying the mulberry leaves with minerals such as zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and feeding them to the silkworm Bombyx mori L. The oral application of minerals through mulberry leaves to silkworm larva during lateage instars significantly improved its larval and cocoon economic parameters. Among the five concentrations tested, it was observed that the zinc sulphate @ 100 ppm, magnesium sulphate @ 200 ppm and potassium chloride @ 100 ppm registered significantly higher mature larval weight, effective rate of rearing (ERR), cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and shell ratio than the control. Per os administration of minerals also significantly reduced the fifth instar larval duration of silkworm.
Enhanced Enzymatic Saccharification of Mixed Sawdust Wastes: Comparison of SPORL, Dilute Acid, Formic Acid, and Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatments
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yin Yanbo , Zhou Haifeng , Tian Yuanyu
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Utilization of the huge quantity of sawdust wastes is urgent. In this study, SPORL, dilute acid pretreatment (DA), formic acid pretreatment (FA), ethanol pretreatment (EtOH/H2O), and sulfuric acid catalyzed ethanol pretreatment (EtOH/H2O/H2SO4), on improving enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed sawdust wastes were comprehensively compared. EtOH/H2O/H2SO4 was the most effective pretreatment in lignin removal from sawdust fiber cell wall, while FA was much more effective in hemicellulose removal. After the pretreatments, the crystallinity of cellulose increased because of the removal of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin. Moreover, the fiber surface became coarse and porous, especially after EtOH/H2O/H2SO4, the structure was destroyed into fragments, which enhanced the cellulase accessibility of cellulose. Therefore, the glucose yield of EtOH/H2O/H2SO4 pretreated substrate was highest among these five pretreatments, achieved at 91.4% with a cellulase loading of only 10 FPU/g glucan.
 
Resumen. Es urgente aprovechar la gran cantidad de residuos de aserrín. En este estudio, SPORL, pretratamiento con ácido diluido (DA), pretratamiento con ácido fórmico (FA), pretratamiento con etanol (EtOH/H2O) y pretratamiento con etanol catalizado con ácido sulfúrico (EtOH/H2O/H2SO4), sobre la mejora de la hidrólisis enzimática de residuos de aserrín mezclado fueron comparados de manera integral. EtOH/H2O/H2SO4 fue el pretratamiento más eficaz para eliminar la lignina de la pared celular de la fibra de aserrín, mientras que el FA fue mucho más eficaz para eliminar la hemicelulosa. Después de los pretratamientos, la cristalinidad de la celulosa aumentó debido a la eliminación de hemicelulosa amorfa y lignina. Además, la superficie de la fibra se volvió gruesa y porosa, especialmente después de EtOH/H2O/H2SO4, la estructura se destruyó en fragmentos, lo que mejoró la accesibilidad de celulasa de la celulosa. Por lo tanto, el rendimiento de glucosa del sustrato pretratado con EtOH/H2O/H2SO4 fue el más alto entre estos cinco pretratamientos, alcanzado al 91,4% con una carga de celulasa de solo 10 FPU / g de glucano.
Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Casiopeina III-Ea, a New Compound with Antineoplastic Activity
Authors: Fuentes Noriega Ines , Vara-Gama Nancy , Rubio-Carrasco Kenneth , Espinoza-Guillén Adrian , Ruiz-Azuara Lena
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In the present work, the physicochemical (pka, intrinsic solubility, Log D distribution coefficient) and biopharmaceutical characterization (IC50 studies in MDCK cells) of Casiopeina III-Ea, a Cu (II) mixed chelate compound, was carried out. These parameters will tell us about the behaviour of Casiopeina III-Ea, as a new antineoplastic agent, in physiological media. This basic research of the Faculty of Chemistry of the UNAM, is directed towards the maturation of a technology, which consists of the pharmaceutical development of an antineoplastic copper coordination compound Casiopeina III-Ea.
 
Resumen. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica (pka, solubilidad intrínseca, coeficiente de distribución Log D) y biofarmacéutica (estudios IC50 en células MDCK) de Casiopeina III-Ea, un nuevo compuesto quelato mixto de cobre (II). Estos parámetros nos dirán mucho sobre el comportamiento de Casiopeina III-Ea, como un nuevo agente antineoplásico, en medios fisiológicos. Esta investigación básica de la Facultad de Química de la UNAM, está dirigida hacia la maduración de una tecnología, que consiste en el desarrollo farmacéutico de un compuesto de coordinación antineoplásico de cobre Casiopeina III-Ea.
Occurrence and Distribution of 17 Targeted Human Pharmaceuticals in Various Aquatic Environmental Matrices in Southeast Asia with Particular Reference to Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hashim Norbaya , Yuzir Ali , Fadhil Al-Qaim Fouad , E.M. Yahaya Nasehir Khan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This review focuses on the occurrence and distribution of 17 targeted human pharmaceutical compounds from the most common therapeutic classes. These include one analgesic (acetaminophen), three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen), two antidiabetic drugs (gliclazide, metformin), three antihistamines (cetirizine, chlorphenamine, ranitidine), four antihypertensives (amlodipine, atenolol, metoprolol, prazosin), one lipid regulator (simvastatin), one anti-convulsant (carbamazepine), one bronchodilator agent (salbutamol) and one stimulant (caffeine) which have been detected globally in various aquatic environmental matrices such as surface water, drinking water, ground water, seawater, influent and effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), hospital and industrial treatment plants, among others. The most common analytical method used involved solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The concentrations of all drugs investigated in all aqueous matrices varied from 0.5 to 85,000 ng/L for the highest concentration in the aqueous matrices in Southeast Asia. This review provides the first compilation on human pharmaceuticals in Southeast Asia in surface water, domestic wastewater (influent and effluent) and drinking water.
 
Resumen. Esta revisión se centró en la aparición y distribución de 17 fármacos de uso humano pertenecientes a las clases terapéuticas más comunes y consiste en un analgésico (acetaminofeno), tres medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) (ácido acetilsalicílico, diclofenaco, ibuprofeno), dos antidiabéticos (gliclazida, metformina), tres antihistamínicos (cetirizina, clorfenamina, ranitidina), cuatro antihipertensivos ( atenolol, metoprolol, prazosina), un regulador de lípidos (simvastatina), un anticonvulsivo (carbamazepina), un agente broncodilatador (salbutamol) y un estimulante (cafeína), y que se han detectado globalmente en varios tipos de matrices ambientales acuáticas como el agua superficial, agua potable, agua subterránea, agua de mar, afluente y efluente de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales (EDAR), plantas de tratamiento hospitalarias e industriales entre otras. El método analítico más utilizado involucró extracción en fase sólida (SPE) y cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Las concentraciones de todos los fármacos investigados en todas las matrices acuosas variaron de 0,5 a 85.000 ng / L, y presentaron la concentración más alta en las matrices acuosas en el país del sudeste asiático. Esta revisión proporciona el primer informe recopilatorio sobre un estudio de productos farmacéuticos humanos que se ha realizado en el sudeste asiático y se centra en aguas superficiales, aguas residuales domésticas (afluentes y efluentes) y agua potable.