bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and RAS-Related Molecules in Post-Acute COVID Vaccination Syndrome: A Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Mantovani Mauro , Bellavite Paolo , Fazio Serafino , Di Fede Giuseppe , Tomasi Marco , Belli Daniele , Zanolin Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: While post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is well known and extensively studied, the post-acute COVID vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is a more recent nosological entity that is poorly defined at the immunopathological level, although it shares many symptoms with the sequelae of viral infections. Methods: This single-center retrospective study reports a case series of 17 subjects vaccinated with mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines who were healthy before vaccination and had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2 but who presented with symptoms similar to PACVS for a median time of 20 months (min 4, max 32). The medical records of all patients referred to our outpatient clinic over a one-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In this group, serological tests showed that, in addition to positivity for anti-spike protein antibodies, a high percentage of subjects were positive for antibodies against G protein-coupled receptors and molecules involved in the response to SARS-CoV-2. In a panel of 16 autoantibodies tested, a few were positively associated with some of the symptoms reported by patients: anti-ATR1 with lymphadenopathy and/or tonsillitis; anti-ACE2 with skin symptoms such as ecchymosis, skin oedema, and rash; anti-MAS1 with widespread burning sensation; and anti-STAB1 with skin oedema and rash. Anti-ADRA2A were negatively associated with memory loss and/or mental fog. ACE2 correlated with the serum levels of anti-S antibodies, supporting the hypothesis of an anti-idiotype mechanism in the immunopathogenesis of PACVS. Conclusions: This exploratory analysis suggests that the levels of autoantibodies directed against ACE2, and probably also MAS1 and STAB1, may serve as biomarkers for PACVS.
Ocular Manifestations of IBD: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Iatrogenic Associations of Emerging Treatment Strategies
Authors: Richardson Holly , Yoon Giho , Moussa George , Kumar Aditi , Harvey Philip
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, multisystemic disease and is associated with ocular pathology in 4–12% of patients. In general, ocular disease affects Crohn’s patients more frequently than those with ulcerative colitis. Episcleritis and uveitis are the most common presentations, with episcleritis often correlating with IBD flares, whereas uveitis presents independently of IBD activity and, in some cases, may even alert clinicians to a new diagnosis of IBD. Corneal EIMs encompass a range of pathologies, such as the common and benign keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye disease), which nevertheless causes significant patient discomfort, and the rarer condition of peripheral ulcerative keratitis, which warrants urgent review due to the risk of corneal perforation. Alongside EIMs, clinicians should also be aware of the iatrogenic consequences to the eye following treatment of IBD. Corticosteroids may cause cataracts, glaucoma, and—indirectly via hyperglycaemia—diabetic retinopathy. Methotrexate is irritating to ocular tissues and may cause conjunctivitis and blepharitis. Biologic medications, such as anti-TNFα agents, overlap in their use as treatment of both IBD and uveitis, and yet in some patients may also increase the risk of acute uveitis flares, as well as opportunistic, sight-threatening infections. With integrated care between gastroenterology and ophthalmology, patient outcomes can be improved by facilitating earlier detection and management of ocular disease. This narrative review summarises the ocular extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, and current treatment strategies.
Breaking the Cycle: Perceived Control and Teacher–Student Relationships Shield Adolescents from Bullying Victimization over Time
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Lu Kaiyuan , Wang Xuezhen , Zheng Juanjuan , Gao Xinyi , Fan Qianqian
Published: December 2024

Background: Bullying victimization remains a grave issue in early adolescence. However, existing research often lacks a longitudinal perspective and sufficient attention to protective factors, particularly the dynamic role of teacher–student relationships. Objective: This study explores the longitudinal protective mechanisms against bullying victimization, focusing on the roles of perceived control and teacher–student relationships. Methods: A sample of 1454 adolescents (mean age = 13.63 years, SD = 0.76, 51% female) was followed over the course of one year. Latent growth models were employed to examine the developmental trajectories of bullying victimization, perceived control, and teacher–student relationships, and to investigate the longitudinal mediating role of teacher–student relationships in the relationship between perceived control and bullying victimization. Results: Both perceived control and teacher–student relationships showed a consistent increase over time, while bullying victimization declined over time. The intercept of perceived control negatively predicted the intercept of bullying victimization, with this relationship mediated by the intercept of teacher–student relationships. Furthermore, the slope of perceived control affected the slope of bullying victimization solely through the slope of teacher–student relationships. Conclusions: These findings highlight that perceived control serves as a stable protective factor against bullying, while strong teacher–student relationships can further reduce bullying victimization. Enhancing students’ perceived control and fostering supportive teacher–student relationships should be key components of anti-bullying interventions.
A Post-Evaluation Study on the Renewal of Public Space in Qianmen Street of Beijing’s Central Axis Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Tao Shu , Duan Wei
Published: December 2024

Historic districts are an important component of urban heritage, carrying the memory of the city. The study provides objective spatial level and subjective perception level analysis regarding the evaluation of the renewal of historic districts. We selected Qianmen Street, which is located on the central axis of Beijing, as the research subject. Space syntax was used to determine the importance of the main street to the district, and a kernel density analysis revealed that it was a poor tourist attraction. We used online comment data to establish an evaluation system, based on grounded theory, for the renewal of Qianmen Street. The evaluation system consisted of four primary indicators, including space creation, architectural style conservation, locality, and business management, as well as fifteen secondary indicators. Additionally, an importance–performance analysis (IPA) was used to conduct a quadrant analysis on tourist satisfaction evaluation indicators, in order to analyze influencing factors. The results show that tourists are most concerned about the dimensions of locality and business management, but the level of tourist satisfaction is low. The renewal of the Qianmen historic district should give priority to the creation of its historicity, cultural characteristics, and uniqueness, and should use a small-scale, gradual, and sustainable renewal method.
Heat Recovery Units in Passivhaus Housing on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast: Energy Efficiency and Return on Investment
Authors: Echarri-Iribarren Víctor , Roviras-Miñana Jordi , Gómez-Val Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Regulatory demands for indoor air renewal in buildings entail high levels of energy consumption. This is the only way to provide minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) and avoid some common lesions and pathologies. In Passivhaus standard (PHS) houses, a heat recovery system is required between the indoor–outdoor air masses of the air renewal system. This configuration substantially reduces energy consumption. In addition, the obligation to reduce envelope air leakage below the n50 value of 0.60 ACH usually allows for a decrease in the energy consumed to less than 15 kWh/m2y in winter, as required by the PHS. It is complex, however, to quantify the energy demands of a building, whether in the project phase or in the operational or use phase. The present study focuses on the application of the PHS in Spanish Mediterranean housing. The aim was to assess whether it is suitable to use heat recovery systems by quantifying the energy savings obtained, execution costs, infiltration air flow, ventilator power usage, and maintenance. To this end, we performed a study on an existing PHS house in Abrera (Barcelona, Spain). It was found that heat recovery systems are always cost-effective in cold climates such as that of Central Europe but are only profitable in Spanish Mediterranean houses when the system costs less than approximately EUR 2500. In this case, the investment is covered over a period of 9.4–12.8 years and over 14–18 years when the equipment costs more than EUR 3000. Annual savings range from EUR 184.44 to 254.33 in Abrera compared to EUR 904.99 to 934.82 in a city like Berlin, that is, a 400–500% increase in savings. Moreover, leakage air energy accounted for 13% to 15% of that of renewal air, −1.348 kWh/m2y and 2.276 kWh/m2y compared to 8.55 kWh/m2y and 17.31 kWh/m2y, respectively. Lastly, recovery system average efficiency or ηt performance—which is usually between 82% and 95%—did not play a relevant role in deciding whether the system should be installed or not.
High-Temperature Deformation and Skid Resistance of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture Under Heavy Traffic Conditions
Authors: Yang Meikun , Chang Haolei , Li Wanpeng , Wang Huifeng , Lin Jun , Tong Zheng , Zhang Weiguang
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of long-term heavy traffic loading on the performance of steel slag asphalt mixtures (SSAMs), including their high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, water stability, skid resistance, fatigue resistance, and volumetric stability. AC-13 asphalt mixtures with steel slag contents of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were prepared and used in rutting tests, splitting tests, immersion stability tests, pendulum tests, and four-point bending fatigue tests. The effects of heavy traffic on the high-temperature deformation resistance and skid resistance of the SSAMs were considered by increasing the tire pressure in the rutting test. The results indicated that the high-temperature stability and fatigue resistance first increased and then decreased with the increase in steel slag content, with optimal contents of 75% and 50%, respectively. The low-temperature crack resistance and skid resistance increased with the increase in steel slag content. The volumetric stability decreased with the increase in steel slag content, but the volume expansion rate was less than 1.5% for all SSAMs. Under heavy traffic conditions, the permanent deformation and skid resistance value of the SSAMs significantly decreased. The permanent deformation was minimized when the steel slag content reached 75%. At the same tire pressure, the skid resistance of the SSAMs increased with a higher steel slag content, while the rate of increase slowed down. At the same steel slag content, the skid resistance decreased as the tire pressure increased, while the rate of decrease became slower.
Graphene-Based Nanostructured Cathodes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Increased Resource
Authors: Marinoiu Adriana , Iordache Mihaela , Borta Elena Simona , Oubraham Anisoara
Published: December 2024

Pt on carbon black (Pt/C) has been widely used as a catalyst for both ORR and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), but its stability is compromised due to carbon corrosion and catalyst poisoning, leading to low Pt utilization. To address this issue, this study suggests replacing carbon black with graphene in the catalyst layer. The importance of this work lies in the detailed examination of novel electrocatalysts with high electrocatalytic activity for large-scale power generation. In this paper, we discuss the use of regulatory techniques like structure tuning and composition optimization to construct nanocatalysts impregnated with noble and non-noble metals on graphene supports. Finally, it highlights the limitations and advantages of these nanocatalysts along with some future perspectives. Our objective is that this summary will help in the research and rational design of graphene-based nanostructures for efficient ORR electrocatalysis. The results of this study showed that the performances of graphene-based catalysts show high electrochemical active surface areas for Pt-Fe/GNPs and Pt-Ni/GNPs catalysts (132 and 136 m2 g−1, respectively) at 100 operating cycles. Also, high current densities and power densities were observed for Pt3-Ni/G and Pt-Co/G catalysts used at the cathode. The values for current density were 1.590 and 1.779 A cm−2, respectively, while the corresponding values for power density were 0.57 and 0.785 W cm−2.
Albumin–Bilirubin Grade as a Valuable Predictor of Recurrence and Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Lee Chang Hun , You Ga Ram , Jo Hoon Gil , Jun Chung Hwan , Cho Eun Young , Kim In Hee , Choi Sung Kyu , Yoon Jae Hyun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of tumor recurrence after RFA and analyze predictors of tumor recurrence and survival in patients with HCC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from treatment-naïve patients with HCC who underwent RFA for HCC treatment between 2008 and 2017 at four tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Results: A total of 636 patients with HCC treated with RFA were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 66.3 ± 10.4 years, with 75.0% of patients being male. Most patients (96.7%) had underlying liver cirrhosis, and viral hepatitis (types B and C) accounted for most cases. The average maximum tumor size was 2.2 ± 0.9 cm, with 84.3% of tumors being single lesions. During the follow-up period, 331 patients experienced recurrence, with 95.5% of cases being intrahepatic and one-fifth occurring at the RFA site. Most patients underwent RFA or transarterial chemoembolization as subsequent therapy for recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade, and Child–Pugh class B status were independent factors associated with tumor recurrence. Only the ALBI grade was significantly associated with mortality. Additionally, the ALBI grade differentiated between recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. Conclusions: The ALBI grade was independently associated with tumor recurrence and prognosis in patients with HCC following RFA. This grading system can help clinicians identify high-risk patients, optimize treatment strategies, and enhance patient care.
Distinct Transcriptomic and Tumor Microenvironment Profiles in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma and Aggressive Cutaneous Melanomas
Authors: Molina-García Manuel , Rojas-Lechuga María Jesús , Torres Moral Teresa , Bagué Jaume , Mateu Judit , Langdon Cristóbal , Lop Joan , Gonçalves de Souza Vinícius , Alós Llúcia , López-Chacón Mauricio , Podlipnik Sebastian , Carrera Cristina , Malvehy Josep , Alobid Isam , da Silva-Júnior Rui Milton Patricio , Puig Susana
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive melanoma subtype with a notably poor prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Despite advances in molecular characterization, SNMM remains underexplored, posing a clinical challenge and highlighting the need for detailed molecular profiling. This study aimed to identify the molecular features of SNMM, elucidate its clinical behavior and prognostic implications, and provide insights for improved therapeutic strategies. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 37 primary melanoma tumors diagnosed at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Gene expression was examined using 1402 immuno-oncology-related probes through next-generation sequencing. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the xCell algorithm were performed. The statistical methods comprised descriptive statistics, clinical variable associations, and survival analyses. Results: HCA revealed two primary clusters. Cluster A exclusively contained CM tumors (20/24), while cluster B included all SNMMs (13/13) and some CMs (4/24). Cluster B showed a higher average age at diagnosis (p = 0.018), higher mitotic index (p = 0.0478), fewer BRAF mutations (p = 0.0017), and poorer melanoma-specific survival (p = 0.0029). Cluster B showed 602 DEGs with cell cycle pathways enriched, immune pathways diminished, lower immune scores (p < 0.0001), and higher stromal scores (p = 0.0074). Conclusions: This study revealed distinct molecular characteristics and an altered tumor microenvironment in SNMMs and certain aggressive CMs. Identifying specific genes and pathways involved in cell cycle progression and immune evasion suggests potential prognostic markers, offering new avenues for enhancing treatment strategies and improving patient survival rates.
Experiences and Needs of Swiss Cancer Survivors in the Domains of Health-Related Information and the Healthcare System
Authors: Sperisen Nicolas , Arditi Chantal , Schaffar Robin , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Rapiti Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In recent years, the number of cancer survivors has rapidly increased in Switzerland, as well as worldwide. As cancer increasingly becomes a chronic condition, numerous bio-psycho-social and spiritual challenges emerge, leading to significant needs for this population. The aims of this study were to determine the experiences of Swiss cancer survivors with two domains, i.e., health-related information and healthcare systems, and their risk factors, and to see whether these experiences align with the needs identified in the literature. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional multicentred survey Swiss Cancer Patient Experiences were analysed. A total of 1870 adult Swiss cancer survivors were included in the analysis. For each domain, an overall score ranging between 0 (poor experience) and 10 (excellent experience) was constructed including 11 and 10 questions, respectively. The questions that highlighted non-positive experiences by patients were grouped to calculate so-called “problematic” scores for each domain; linear and logistic regressions were conducted to identify the variables influencing these problematic scores needs. Results: The mean overall and “problematic” scores were 7.5 (SD 2.6) and 6.8 (SD 3.2), respectively, for health-related information, and 8.0 (SD 2.4) and 7.0 (SD 3.6), respectively, for the healthcare system. Four variables were found to be associated with the problematic scores: geographical location, foregoing care, self-assessed health, and level of health literacy. Conclusions: Swiss cancer survivors reported problematic experiences in the domains of information and healthcare systems which could lead to unmet needs. The systematic assessment of these needs is recommended to improve patients’ experiences and provide more effective and supportive follow-up care.
New Screening Methods in Melanoma
Authors: Czerw Aleksandra , Deptała Andrzej , Partyka Olga , Pajewska Monika , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna , Budzik Michał , Sygit Katarzyna , Kopczyński Zygmunt , Czarnywojtek Piotr , Cipora Elżbieta , Konieczny Magdalena , Banaś Tomasz , Grochans Elżbieta , Grochans Szymon , Cybulska Anna Maria , Schneider-Matyka Daria , Bandurska Ewa , Ciećko Weronika , Drobnik Jarosław , Pobrotyn Piotr , Grata-Borkowska Urszula , Furtak-Pobrotyn Joanna , Sierocka Aleksandra , Marczak Michał , Kozlowski Remigiusz
Published: December 2024

Background: The World Health Organisation reports that melanoma had an incidence of 331,722 cases worldwide in 2022, ranking it 17th on the list of the most prevalent malignancies. This disease is a threat to public health as years of potential life lost from melanoma deaths constitute an economic and social burden; it is, however, curable if detected early. This study aims to show current trends in clinical trials for melanoma screening. Materials and Methods: The analysis was conducted using data from clinicaltrials.gov. The analysis considered both interventional and observational studies on melanoma screening. Only the studies with complete and active statutes by 4 September 2024 were included in the analysis. Results: Out of 25 studies registered in clinical trial databases regarding melanoma screening, 20% research advanced imagining techniques employing innovative machine learning algorithms, while 16% explore behavioural interventions. Conclusions: Intensification of behavioural interventions and health promotion activities is recommended.
Adding Anti-HER2 Therapy to Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy Seems Effective in Hormone Receptor and HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients Unfit for Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: de Bruijn Anne , Schipper Robert-Jan , Voogd Adri C. , Pullens Marleen J. J. , Bloemen Johanne G. , de Munck Linda , van Riet Yvonne E. , Siesling Sabine , Vriens Birgit E. P. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Data are lacking on the optimal neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) for women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer if they are unfit to receive the combination of chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the rates of ypT0 and ypN0 differ between patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) versus NET combined with anti-HER2 therapy (NET+aHER2). Materials and Methods: Data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were analysed to identify women diagnosed with primary HR+/HER2+ breast cancer between 2008 and 2019, treated with either NET or NET+aHER2. The ypT0 and ypN0 rates were analysed (using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses, as applicable) in relation to the characteristics of the patient, the tumour, and the treatment. Results: Of the 190 patients identified (median age 77), 150 had been treated with NET and 40 with NET+aHER2. Patients with clinically node-positive disease (cN+) were significantly more likely to have been treated with NET+aHER2 (p = 0.029). The ypT0 rate was significantly higher after NET+aHER2, with 10.0% (4/40) versus 1.3% (2/150) following NET (p = 0.019). The ypN0 rate was significantly higher after NET+aHER2, with 25.0% (6/24) versus 5.5% (3/55) following NET in the cN+ patients (p = 0.020) and 81.3% (13/16) versus 55.8% (53/95) after NET in the cN- patients (p = 0.047). In the cN- patients, the ypN0 status was independently associated with age (p = 0.008) and the administration of NET+aHER2 (p = 0.016). Conclusions: The rates of ypT0 and ypN0 in women with HR+/HER2+ breast cancer treated with NST was significantly higher following NET+aHER2 than after NET.
Symptoms of Residential Exposure to Insecticides and Associated Factors Among Young Thai Children in Urban Areas
Authors: Chaiyamong Pongtipat , Luangwilai Titaporn , Ong-Artborirak Parichat
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Household insecticide use may impact the health of young children in urban communities, but little is known about its acute effects. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the symptoms that may have been related to residential insecticide exposure and its associated factors in young children in urban areas. Methods: The study included 375 primary caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand, who had used insecticides in their homes within the past 6 months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire collected data on caregiver and child demographics, household insecticide use and exposure, child behaviors, and the history of child symptoms following insecticide use. Results: The findings revealed that 9.6% of young children had experienced symptoms at some point during or after household insecticide use, with coughing (66.7%), skin rash/irritation (44.4%), and runny nose (25.0%) being the most common. The final logistic regression model using backward selection indicated that factors statistically significantly associated with symptoms included being a male child (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.48–7.71), hand/object-to-mouth behaviors (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.26–5.74), weekly use of insecticides (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.22–6.26), use of insecticide chalk (OR = 3.64; 95% CI = 1.32–10.08), and use of mosquito repellent spray/lotion (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.13–5.61). Additionally, the use of insecticide spray (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 0.97–7.65), opening doors/windows for ventilation (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.21–1.02), and consistently cleaning floors with a wet cloth after use (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.24–1.11) were marginally associated. Conclusions: Residential exposure to household insecticides can lead to acute health effects, primarily respiratory symptoms, in young children in urban communities. Caregivers should be informed of these health risks to reduce children’s exposure.
Motor Competence in Autistic Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Dionisio Jadiane , de Sá Cristina dos Santos Cardoso , Lúcio Susana , de Almeida Gabriela Neves , Cordovil Rita
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Children with autism exhibit deficits in fundamental motor skills, which are intensified when associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: To correlate motor competence in children with autism, autism levels according to the CARS scale, and the association with ADHD. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed motor competence using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA), the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the presence of clinical signs for ADHD using Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaire. A total of 68 children were recruited; however, 23 were not included due to non-acceptance and/or were excluded because of associated pathologies, high autism severity. Consequently, 45 children (11 with ADHD) between the ages of 5 and 11 (Mean: 8.15; ±1.75) with 83.72% being male. Results: Multiple linear regression revealed a significant inverse correlation between MCA scores and raw CARS data (p = 0.01), indicating that greater autism severity is associated with lower motor competence. The correlation was also observed in CARS classifications, with higher autism severity corresponding to lower motor percentiles (p = 0.05). However, the correlation between the presence of ADHD and motor competence in children with ASD did not reach significance. Overall, a significant correlation was observed (p = 0.006) when analyzing all variables (CARS scores, SNAP scores, and CARS classification). Conclusion: Therefore, it is believed that children with autism exhibit deficits in functional motor skills, with severity impacting motor competence. The findings underscore the need for systematic motor skill assessments in children with autism, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and intervention in this aspect of their development.
Nonverbal Skills Evolution in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder One Year Post-Diagnosis
Authors: Logrieco Maria Grazia , Annechini Emma , Casula Laura , Guerrera Silvia , Fasolo Mirco , Vicari Stefano , Valeri Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Background: Gestural production, a crucial aspect of nonverbal communication, plays a key role in the development of verbal and socio-communicative skills. Delays in gestural development often impede verbal acquisition and social interaction in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although various interventions for ASD focus on improving socio-communicative abilities, they consistently highlight the importance of integrating gestures to support overall communication development. This study aimed to investigate the progression of gestural production in preschoolers with ASD one year post-diagnosis, taking into account whether they had received interventions for ASD. Method: This study followed 76 Italian preschoolers with ASD, aged 2 to 4 years, who underwent three different types of interventions or no intervention at all. Data on gestural production were collected using the MCDI, a standardized parent-proxy report. Results: The results indicate that all groups, regardless of intervention type, experienced increased gesture production, suggesting that interventions, combined with factors like time, symptom severity, and learning differences unique to ASD, positively influence nonverbal communication. This improvement may be due to various factors. On one hand, joint attention and socio-communicative interactions drive progress, while on the other, children with ASD may benefit from learning through non-socially mediated linguistic material. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to understand individual learning preferences and strategies for developing nonverbal communication skills in children with ASD. Identifying effective strategies early on can enhance both diagnosis and intervention planning, ensuring they are tailored to the specific developmental needs of each child.
Low Birth Weight and Related Metabolic Risk Factors, Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M. , Padez Cristina , Rodrigues Daniela , Mascarenhas Luís P. , Borges Nuno , Maia Cátia , Baptista Liliana C. , Fernandes Helder Miguel , Leite Neiva
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The associations between low birth weight (LBW) and the aggregation of metabolic risk factors (MRF) in youth remain ambiguous. Thus, this study analysed the interrelationship among MRF, LBW, and behavioural factors in adolescents. Methods: The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 491 youth (229 males, 262 females) aged 14–17 years. Height, weight, and BMI were assessed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured using the PACER test. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated using a 3-day diary. A MRF risk score was calculated using the Z-scores of the five MRF criteria (HDL-C, triglycerides, BP, insulin, and blood glucose). Results: The average values for height, weight, and systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in males (p < 0.01); in contrast, females exhibited higher HDL cholesterol and insulin levels (p < 0.01). Boys revealed higher levels of PA (p < 0.01), and they achieved better CRF scores than girls (p < 0.01). BMI emerged as a significant predictor of clustered metabolic risk for both males (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16–0.36) and females (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.14–0.30); additionally, the results indicated that more physically active girls had a notably lower metabolic risk (β = −0.01; 95% CI, −0.10–−0.01) than their male peers. Conclusions: LBW was found to be independently correlated with the aggregated MRF (β = −0.01; 95% CI, −0.01–0.00) among boys aged 14–17 years.
Assessment of the Peripheral and Central Auditory System in Infants Whose Mothers Tested Positive for COVID-19 During Pregnancy
Authors: Raimundo Jheniffer Queiroz , Sanfins Milaine Dominici , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Skarżyńska Magdalena Beata , Colella-Santos Maria Francisca
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new member of the coronavirus family. While respiratory transmission is the main route, concerns have arisen regarding possible vertical transmission, which refers to the transmission of the virus from mother to fetus through the dissemination of viral particles in the amniotic fluid. Fetal viral infection via the placenta can affect the formation of the auditory system and lead to congenital hearing disorders. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of vertical exposure to COVID-19 on the auditory system of newborns. Methodology: The study included a study group (SG) and a control group (CG). Selected during neonatal hearing screening, the SG consisted of 23 infants up to 1 year old whose mothers had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The CG consisted of 15 infants whose mothers became pregnant after the end of the pandemic, had tested negative for COVID-19, and had no respiratory symptoms during pregnancy. The assessments for both groups were brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), tympanometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The research was divided into two studies, one cross-sectional and the other longitudinal. Results: All participants exhibited absolute latencies within the normal range for waves I, III, and V, although in the SG, there was a statistically significant increase in the latency of wave I in the left ear. In terms of OAEs, in the SG, there appeared to be a tendency for TEOAEs to be absent at high frequencies. Over several months, there was a general decrease in the amplitude of high-frequency responses in both TEOAEs and DPOAEs. Conclusion: No evidence was found that vertical exposure to COVID-19 causes hearing loss, although there were signs of possible deterioration in hair cell functioning.
Thermal Stability of Residual Stress, Microstructure, and Mechanical Property in Shot-Peened CNT/Al-Cu-Mg Composites
Authors: Zhu Wenlong , Xing Shilong , Wang Lianbo , Yang Zhaoyang , Yu Wenliang , Yin Ang , Li Wenbo , Jiang Chuanhai , Ji Vincent
Published: December 2024

To investigate the thermal stability of a shot-peened specimen and ensure the reliability operation under high temperatures, CNT/Al-Cu-Mg composites were treated by shot peening (SP) and the isothermal aging treatment. The heating temperatures were 100, 150, 200, and 250 °C. Changes in surface residual stress and the distribution along the depth were investigated. The microstructure changes were analyzed by XRD and observed by TEM. Changes in mechanical properties were characterized by microhardness. The results show that the compressive residual stress (CRS) release and the microstructure changes mainly occurred at the initial stage of heating treatment. After 128 min of isothermal aging treatment at 250 °C, the surface CRS released 91.9% and the maximum CRS released 80.9%, the surface domain size increased by 222%, and the microstrain and microhardness decreased by 49% and 27.3%, respectively. The reinforcement effect introduced by SP basically disappeared. A large number of second-phase particles, such as CNT, Al2Cu, and Al4C3, were anchored at grain boundaries, hindering dislocation movement and enhancing the thermal stability of the material. Isothermal aging treatment at 100 °C and 150 °C for a duration of 32 min is a reliable circumstance for maintaining SP reinforcement.
Characterization of Thermal and Stress Dual-Induced Nano-SiC-Modified Microcapsules
Authors: Sun Yunlong , Ji Xiaoping , Hou Yueqin , Wang Siqi , Chen Ye , Liu Lu , Liu Sijia
Published: December 2024

This work reports a kind of thermal and stress dual-induced nano-SiC-modified microcapsule that is applied to asphalt pavement to improve its self-healing performance. For this purpose, the microcapsules needed to contain a regenerator and be stable in an asphalt mixture. In addition, the microcapsules needed to have good wave-absorbing and temperature-raising properties to realize the dual-mechanism-induced release of microcapsules. In the first step in this study, heat-stressed double microcapsules were prepared. Then, the properties of the microcapsules—including basic properties, stability, mechanical properties, and wave-absorbing and temperature-raising properties—were tested. Finally, the self-healing mechanism of the microcapsules was observed. The results show that the nano-SiC-modified microcapsules have a high core content (87.6%), suitable particle size (average particle size of 53.50 µm), high thermal stability (mass loss of 2.92% at 150~170 °C), high construction stability (survival rate of more than 80%), high storage stability (loss rate of 2.35% at 49 d), and high mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and nano-hardness of 3.15 Gpa and 0.54 Gpa, respectively). Compared with microcapsules without nano-SiC, the thermal conductivity of the 10% nano-SiC-modified microcapsules increased by 21.6%, their specific heat capacity decreased by 10.45%, and their thermal diffusion coefficient increased by 36.96% after microwave heating for 6 min.
A Novel Megastable Chaotic System with Hidden Attractors and Its Parameter Estimation Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Ahmadi Atefeh , Vijayan Vijeesh , Natiq Hayder , Pchelintsev Alexander N. , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Jafari Sajad
Published: December 2024

This work proposes a new two-dimensional dynamical system with complete nonlinearity. This system inherits its nonlinearity from trigonometric and hyperbolic functions like sine, cosine, and hyperbolic sine functions. This system gives birth to infinite but countable coexisting attractors before and after being forced. These two megastable systems differ in the coexisting attractors’ type. Only limit cycles are possible in the autonomous version, but torus and chaotic attractors can emerge after transforming to the nonautonomous version. Because of the position of equilibrium points in different attractors’ attraction basins, this system can simultaneously exhibit self-excited and hidden coexisting attractors. This system’s dynamic behaviors are studied using state space, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents (LEs) spectrum, and attraction basins. Finally, the forcing term’s amplitude and frequency are unknown parameters that need to be found. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is used to estimate these parameters, and the cost function is designed based on the proposed system’s return map. The simulation results show this algorithm’s effectiveness in identifying and estimating parameters of the novel megastable chaotic system.
Wearable Sensor-Based Behavioral User Authentication Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Approach with Squeeze-and-Excitation Mechanism
Authors: Mekruksavanich Sakorn , Jitpattanakul Anuchit
Published: December 2024

Behavior-based user authentication has arisen as a viable method for strengthening cybersecurity in an age of pervasive wearable and mobile technologies. This research introduces an innovative approach for ongoing user authentication via behavioral biometrics obtained from wearable sensors. We present a hybrid deep learning network called SE-DeepConvNet, which integrates a squeeze-and-excitation (SE) method to proficiently simulate and authenticate user behavior characteristics. Our methodology utilizes data collected by wearable sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, to obtain a thorough behavioral appearance. The suggested network design integrates convolutional neural networks for spatial feature extraction, while the SE blocks improve feature identification by flexibly recalibrating channel-wise feature responses. Experiments performed on two datasets, HMOG and USC-HAD, indicate the efficacy of our technique across different tasks. In the HMOG dataset, SE-DeepConvNet attains a minimal equal error rate (EER) of 0.38% and a maximum accuracy of 99.78% for the Read_Walk activity. Our model presents outstanding authentication (0% EER, 100% accuracy) for various walking activities in the USC-HAD dataset, encompassing intricate situations such as ascending and descending stairs. These findings markedly exceed existing deep learning techniques, demonstrating the promise of our technology for secure and inconspicuous continuous authentication in wearable devices. The suggested approach demonstrates the potential for use in individual device security, access management, and ongoing uniqueness verification in sensitive settings.
Green Synthesized Composite AB-Polybenzimidazole/TiO2 Membranes with Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Penchev Hristo , Zaharieva Katerina , Dimova Silvia , Tsacheva Ivelina , Eneva Rumyana , Engibarov Stephan , Lazarkevich Irina , Paunova-Krasteva Tsvetelina , Shipochka Maria , Mladenova Ralitsa , Dimitrov Ognian , Stoyanova Daniela , Stambolova Irina
Published: December 2024

Novel AB-Polybenzimidazole (AB-PBI)/TiO2 nanocomposite membranes have been prepared using a synthetic green chemistry approach. Modified Eaton’s reagent (methansulfonic acid/P2O5) was used as both reaction media for microwave-assisted synthesis of AB-PBI and as an efficient dispersant of partially agglomerated titanium dioxide powders. Composite membranes of 80 µm thickness have been prepared by a film casting approach involving subsequent anti-solvent inversion in order to obtain porous composite membranes possessing high sorption capacity. The maximal TiO2 filler content achieved was 20 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Titania particles were green synthesized (using a different content of Mentha Spicata (MS) aqueous extract) by hydrothermal activation (150 °C), followed by thermal treatment at 400 °C. The various methods such as powder X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic paramagnetic resonance, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy have been used to study the phase and surface composition, structure, morphology, and thermal behavior of the synthesized nanocomposite membranes. The photocatalytic ability of the so-prepared AB-Polybenzimidazole/bio-TiO2 membranes was studied for decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) as a model azo dye pollutant under UV light illumination. The polymer membrane in basic form, containing TiO2 particles, was obtained with a 40 mL quantity of the MS extract, exhibiting the highest decolorization rate (96%) after 180 min of UV irradiation. The so-prepared AB-Polybenzimidazole/TiO2 samples have a powerful antibacterial effect on E. coli when irradiated by UV light.
Innovative Road Maintenance: Leveraging Smart Technologies for Local Infrastructure
Authors: Jáuregui Gallegos Laura Fabiana , Gamarra Tuco Rubén , Espinoza Vigil Alain Jorge
Published: December 2024

Roads are essential for economic development, facilitating the circulation of services and resources. This research seeks to provide local governments with a comprehensive framework to enhance road maintenance, focusing on the surface and functional evaluation of pavements. It compares the conventional methods International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) with novel methodologies that employ smart technologies. The efficiency of such technologies in the maintenance of local roads in Peru is analyzed, taking as a case study a 2 km section of the AR-780 highway in the city of Arequipa. The International Roughness Index (IRI) obtained through the Merlin Roughness Meter and the Roadroid application were compared, finding a minimum variation of 4.0% in the left lane and 8.7% in the right lane. Roadroid turned out to be 60 times faster than the conventional method, with a cost difference of 220.11 soles/km (USD $57.92/km). Both methods classified the Present Serviceability Index (PSI) as good, validating the accuracy of Roadroid. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was evaluated with conventional methods and a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone, finding a variation of 6.9%. The cost difference between the methodologies was 1047.73 soles/km (USD $275.72/km), and the use of the drone proved to be 10 times faster than visual inspection. This study contributes to closing the knowledge gap regarding the use of smart technologies for better pavement management on local roads, so the actors in charge of such infrastructure make decisions based on science, contributing to the well-being of the population.
Surviving COVID-19 and Battling Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Across Three Pandemic Waves
Authors: Lazar Mihai , Barbu Ecaterina Constanta , Chitu Cristina Emilia , Buzoianu Mihaela , Petre Andreea Catalina , Tiliscan Catalin , Arama Stefan Sorin , Arama Victoria , Ion Daniela Adriana , Olariu Mihaela Cristina
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: We aimed to characterize the fibrosis following COVID-19 pneumonia, using quantitative analysis, after three months and subsequently, after two years of patients’ release from the hospital, and to identify the risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on 420 patients with severe forms of COVID-19. For all patients, we registered demographic, inflammatory and biochemical parameters, complete blood count and D-dimers; all patients underwent three computed tomography scans (at admittance, at 3 months and at 2 years). Results: We found fibrosis in 67.9% of patients at the 3-month evaluation and in 42.4% of patients at the 2-year evaluation, registering a significant decrease in the severe and moderate fibrosis cases, with a slight increase in the mild fibrosis cases. The risk of fibrosis was found to be proportional to the values of age, duration of hospital stay, inflammatory markers (ESR, fibrinogen), cytolytic markers (LDH, AST) and D-dimers. The highest correlations with lung fibrosis were registered for interstitial pulmonary involvement (for the 3-month evaluation) and total pulmonary involvement (for the 2-year evaluation). Conclusions: Lung fibrosis represents a significant post-COVID-19 complication found in 42% of patients with severe forms of pneumonia at the 2-year evaluation. A significant overall decrease in the severity of lung fibrosis was registered at the 2-year evaluation compared to the 3-month evaluation. We consider that the amount of interstitial pulmonary involvement represents the optimal parameter to estimate the risk of lung fibrosis following SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
A Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of No-Reflow Phenomenon in Acute Myocardial Infarction Using the CALLY Index
Authors: Fedai Halil , Sariisik Gencay , Toprak Kenan , Taşcanov Mustafa Beğenç , Efe Muhammet Mucip , Arğa Yakup , Doğanoğulları Salih , Gez Sedat , Demirbağ Recep
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) constitutes a major health problem with high mortality rates worldwide. In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), no-reflow phenomenon is a condition that adversely affects response to therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that the CALLY index, calculated using C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and lymphocytes, is a reliable indicator of mortality in patients with non-cardiac diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential utility of the CALLY index in detecting no-reflow patients and to determine the predictability of this phenomenon using machine learning (ML) methods. Methods: This study included 1785 STEMI patients admitted to the clinic between January 2020 and June 2024 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were in no-reflow status, and other clinical data were analyzed. The CALLY index was calculated using data on patients’ inflammatory status. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML algorithm was used for no-reflow prediction. Results: No-reflow was detected in a proportion of patients participating in this study. The model obtained with the XGBoost algorithm showed high accuracy rates in predicting no-reflow status. The role of the CALLY index in predicting no-reflow status was clearly demonstrated. Conclusions: The CALLY index has emerged as a valuable tool for predicting no-reflow status in STEMI patients. This study demonstrates how machine learning methods can be effective in clinical applications and paves the way for innovative approaches for the management of no-reflow phenomenon. Future research needs to confirm and extend these findings with larger sample sizes.