bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guided Classification System for Conceptual Overlapping Classes in OpenStreetMap
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Sirilertworakul Nuttha , Zipf Alexander , Mobasheri Amin
Published: June 2016

The increased development of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and its potential role in GIScience studies raises questions about the resulting data quality. Several studies address VGI quality from various perspectives like completeness, positional accuracy, consistency, etc. They mostly have consensus on the heterogeneity of data quality. The problem may be due to the lack of standard procedures for data collection and absence of quality control feedback for voluntary participants. In our research, we are concerned with data quality from the classification perspective. Particularly in VGI-mapping projects, the limited expertise of participants and the non-strict definition of geographic features lead to conceptual overlapping classes, where an entity could plausibly belong to multiple classes, e.g., lake or pond, park or garden, marsh or swamp, etc. Usually, quantitative and/or qualitative characteristics exist that distinguish between classes. Nevertheless, these characteristics might not be recognizable for non-expert participants. In previous work, we developed the rule-guided classification approach that guides participants to the most appropriate classes. As exemplification, we tackle the conceptual overlapping of some grass-related classes. For a given data set, our approach presents the most highly recommended classes for each entity. In this paper, we present the validation of our approach. We implement a web-based application called Grass&Green that presents recommendations for crowdsourcing validation. The findings show the applicability of the proposed approach. In four months, the application attracted 212 participants from more than 35 countries who checked 2,865 entities. The results indicate that 89% of the contributions fully/partially agree with our recommendations. We then carried out a detailed analysis that demonstrates the potential of this enhanced data classification. This research encourages the development of customized applications that target a particular geographic feature.
Expression and Functional Properties of an Anti-Triazophos High-Affinity Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody with Specific Lambda Light Chain
Authors: Liu Rui , Liang Xiao , Xiang Dandan , Guo Yirong , Liu Yihua , Zhu Guonian
Published: June 2016

Triazophos is a widely used organophosphorous insecticide that has potentially adverse effects to organisms. In the present study, a high-affinity single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody with specific lambda light chain was developed for residue monitoring. First, the specific variable regions were correctly amplified from a hybridoma cell line 8C10 that secreted monoclonal antibody (mAb) against triazophos. The regions were then assembled as scFv via splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the recombinant anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB2151 in soluble form, purified through immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and verified via Western blot and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Afterward, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established based on the purified anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 antibody. The assay exhibited properties similar to those based on the parent mAb, with a high sensitivity (IC50 of 1.73 ng/mL) to triazophos and no cross reaction for other organophosphorus pesticides; it was reliable in detecting triazophos residues in spiked water samples. Moreover, kinetic measurement using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that the purified scFv-8C10 antibody had a high affinity of 1.8 × 10−10 M and exhibited good binding stability. Results indicated that the recombinant high-affinity scFv-8C10 antibody was an effective detection material that would be promising for monitoring triazophos residues in environment samples.
Development of an in Silico Model of DPPH• Free Radical Scavenging Capacity: Prediction of Antioxidant Activity of Coumarin Type Compounds
Authors: Goya Jorge Elizabeth , Rayar Anita , Barigye Stephen , Jorge Rodríguez María , Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía Maité
Published: June 2016

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging ability of 1373 chemical compounds, using DRAGON molecular descriptors (MD) and the neural network technique, a technique based on the multilayer multilayer perceptron (MLP), was developed. The built model demonstrated a satisfactory performance for the training ( R 2 = 0.713 ) and test set ( Q ext 2 = 0.654 ) , respectively. To gain greater insight on the relevance of the MD contained in the MLP model, sensitivity and principal component analyses were performed. Moreover, structural and mechanistic interpretation was carried out to comprehend the relationship of the variables in the model with the modeled property. The constructed MLP model was employed to predict the radical scavenging ability for a group of coumarin-type compounds. Finally, in order to validate the model’s predictions, an in vitro assay for one of the compounds (4-hydroxycoumarin) was performed, showing a satisfactory proximity between the experimental and predicted pIC50 values.
Arabidopsis Myrosinase Genes AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 Are Root-Tip Specific and Contribute to Auxin Biosynthesis and Root-Growth Regulation
Authors: Fu Lili , Wang Meng , Han Bingying , Tan Deguan , Sun Xuepiao , Zhang Jiaming
Published: June 2016

Plant myrosinases (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolases) are classified into two subclasses, Myr I and Myr II. The biological function of Myr I has been characterized as a major biochemical defense against insect pests and pathogens in cruciferous plants. However, the biological function of Myr II remains obscure. We studied the function of two Myr II member genes AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 in Arabidopsis. RT-PCR showed that both genes were specifically expressed in roots. GUS-assay revealed that both genes were expressed in the root-tip but with difference: AtTGG4 was expressed in the elongation zone of the root-tip, while AtTGG5 was expressed in the whole root-tip. Moreover, myrosin cells that produce and store the Myr I myrosinases in aboveground organs were not observed in roots, and AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 were expressed in all cells of the specific region. A homozygous double mutant line tgg4tgg5 was obtained through cross-pollination between two T-DNA insertion lines, tgg4E8 and tgg5E12, by PCR-screening in the F2 and F3 generations. Analysis of myrosinase activity in roots of mutants revealed that AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 had additive effects and contributed 35% and 65% myrosinase activity in roots of the wild type Col-0, respectively, and myrosinase activity in tgg4tgg5 was severely repressed. When grown in Murashiege & Skoog (MS) medium or in soil with sufficient water, Col-0 had the shortest roots, and tgg4tgg5 had the longest roots, while tgg4E8 and tgg5E12 had intermediate root lengths. In contrast, when grown in soil with excessive water, Col-0 had the longest roots, and tgg4tgg5 had the shortest roots. These results suggested that AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 regulated root growth and had a role in flood tolerance. The auxin-indicator gene DR5::GUS was then introduced into tgg4tgg5 by cross-pollination. DR5::GUS expression patterns in seedlings of F1, F2, and F3 generations indicated that AtTGG4 and AtTGG5 contributed to auxin biosynthesis in roots. The proposed mechanism is that indolic glucosinolate is transported to the root-tip and converted to indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) in the tryptophan-dependent pathways by AtTGG4 and AtTGG5, and IAN is finally converted to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by nitrilases in the root-tip. This mechanism guarantees the biosynthesis of IAA in correct cells of the root-tip and, thus, a correct auxin gradient is formed for healthy development of roots.
Dismantling the Taboo against Vaccines in Pregnancy
Authors: De Martino Maurizio
Published: June 2016

Vaccinating pregnant women in order to protect them, the fetus, and the child has become universal in no way at all. Prejudice in health professionals add to fears of women and their families. Both these feelings are not supported by even the smallest scientific data. Harmlessness for the mother and the child has been observed for seasonal, pandemic, or quadrivalent influenza, mono, combined polysaccharide or conjugated meningococcal or pneumococcal, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis, human papillomavirus, cholera, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, smallpox, yellow fever, mumps, measles and rubella combined, typhoid fever, inactivated or attenuated polio vaccines, and Bacillus Calmétte Guerin vaccines. Instead, the beneficial effects of influenza vaccine for the mother and the child as well as of pertussis vaccine for the child have been demonstrated. Obstetrician-gynecologists, general practitioners, and midwives must incorporate vaccination into their standard clinical care. Strong communication strategies effective at reducing parental vaccine hesitancy and approval of regulatory agencies for use of vaccines during pregnancy are needed. It must be clear that the lack of pre-licensure studies in pregnant women and, consequently, the lack of a statement about the use of the vaccine in pregnant women does not preclude its use in pregnancy.
miR-126 Regulation of Angiogenesis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in CNV Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Lei , Lee Amy , Wigg Jonathan , Peshavariya Hitesh , Liu Ping , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2016

miR-126 has recently been implicated in modulating angiogenic factors in vascular development. Understandings its biological significance might enable development of therapeutic interventions for diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to determine the role of miR-126 in AMD using a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 mice. The CNV mice were transfected with scrambled miR or miR-126 mimic. The expression of miR-126, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED-1) in ocular tissues were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. The overexpression effects of miR-126 were also proven on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). miR-126 showed a significant decrease in CNV mice (p < 0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of VEGF-A, KDR and SPRED-1 were upregulated with CNV; these changes were ameliorated by restoration of miR-126 (p < 0.05). CNV was reduced after miR-126 transfection. Transfection of miR-126 reduced the HMECs 2D-capillary-like tube formation (p < 0.01) and migration (p < 0.01). miR-126 has been shown to be a negative modulator of angiogenesis in the eye. All together these results high lights the therapeutic potential of miR-126 suggests that it may contribute as a putative therapeutic target for AMD in humans.
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis—Where Are We? and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Hayes Gemma , Novak-Frazer Lilyann
Published: June 2016

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is estimated to affect 3 million people worldwide making it an under recognised, but significant health problem across the globe, conferring significant morbidity and mortality. With variable disease forms, high levels of associated respiratory co-morbidity, limited therapeutic options and prolonged treatment strategies, CPA is a challenging disease for both patients and healthcare professionals. CPA can mimic smear-negative tuberculosis (TB), pulmonary histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis. Cultures for Aspergillus are usually negative, however, the detection of Aspergillus IgG is a simple and sensitive test widely used in diagnosis. When a fungal ball/aspergilloma is visible radiologically, the diagnosis has been made late. Sometimes weight loss and fatigue are predominant symptoms; pyrexia is rare. Despite the efforts of the mycology community, and significant strides being taken in optimising the care of these patients, much remains to be learnt about this patient population, the disease itself and the best use of available therapies, with the development of new therapies being a key priority. Here, current knowledge and practices are reviewed, and areas of research priority highlighted.
Application of Vine Copulas to Credit Portfolio Risk Modeling
Authors: Geidosch Marco , Fischer Matthias
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate the superiority of vine copulas over conventional copulas when modeling the dependence structure of a credit portfolio. We show statistical and economic implications of replacing conventional copulas by vine copulas for a subportfolio of the Euro Stoxx 50 and the S&P 500 companies, respectively. Our study includes D-vines and R-vines where the bivariate building blocks are chosen from the Gaussian, the t and the Clayton family. Our findings are (i) the conventional Gauss copula is deficient in modeling the dependence structure of a credit portfolio and economic capital is seriously underestimated; (ii) D-vine structures offer a better statistical fit to the data than classical copulas, but underestimate economic capital compared to R-vines; (iii) when mixing different copula families in an R-vine structure, the best statistical fit to the data can be achieved which corresponds to the most reliable estimate for economic capital.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Chlorhexidine-Containing Nanoparticles for Root Canal Disinfection
Authors: Haseeb Ridwan , Lau Michael , Sheah Max , Montagner Francisco , Quiram Gina , Palmer Kelli , Stefan Mihaela , Rodrigues Danieli
Published: June 2016

Root canal system disinfection is limited due to anatomical complexities. Better delivery systems of antimicrobial agents are needed to ensure efficient bacteria eradication. The purpose of this study was to design chlorhexidine-containing nanoparticles that could steadily release the drug. The drug chlorhexidine was encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)–block–poly(l-lactide) (PEG–b–PLA) to synthesize bilayer nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency was determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and particle characterization was performed through microscopy studies of particle morphology and size. Their antimicrobial effect was assessed over the endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. The nanoparticles ranged in size from 300–500 nm, which is considered small enough for penetration inside small dentin tubules. The nanoparticles were dispersed in a hydrogel matrix carrier system composed of 1% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and this hydrogel system was observed to have enhanced bacterial inhibition over longer periods of time. Chlorhexidine-containing nanoparticles demonstrate potential as a drug carrier for root canal procedures. Their size and rate of release may allow for sustained inhibition of bacteria in the root canal system.
Entropic Uncertainty Relations for Successive Generalized Measurements
Authors: Baek Kyunghyun , Son Wonmin
Published: June 2016

We derive entropic uncertainty relations for successive generalized measurements by using general descriptions of quantum measurement within two distinctive operational scenarios. In the first scenario, by merging two successive measurements into one we consider successive measurement scheme as a method to perform an overall composite measurement. In the second scenario, on the other hand, we consider it as a method to measure a pair of jointly measurable observables by marginalizing over the distribution obtained in this scheme. In the course of this work, we identify that limits on one’s ability to measure with low uncertainty via this scheme come from intrinsic unsharpness of observables obtained in each scenario. In particular, for the Lüders instrument, disturbance caused by the first measurement to the second one gives rise to the unsharpness at least as much as incompatibility of the observables composing successive measurement.
Special Two Parameter Motion
Authors: Karacan Murat , Yaylı Yusuf
Published: June 2016

In this study all one parameter motions obtained from two parameters motion on the plane, are investigated. It is shown that the pole points which on fixed and moving plane at any position of (λ,μ) are on a line. It is also shown that the velocity vector lengths of these axis are the same. Moreover, the locus of any Hodograph of any point, and accelaration poles of the motion are investigated.
An Investigation for Semi-Rigid Frames by Different Connection Models
Authors: Öztürk Ali , Seçer Mutlu
Published: June 2016

A review is made of the development of models used to examine the dynamic response of semi-rigid frames. The connection flexibility is modeled by linear elastic rotational springs. The reducing coefficients and the lateral rigidity values are determined by using a computer program. Response characteristics of frames are compared with reference to their modal attributes.
The Effects of Duct Shape on the Nusselt Number
Authors: Erdoğan M. , Imrak C.
Published: June 2016

This article considers the effect of duct shape on the Nusselt number. In order to show the effects of duct shape on the Nusselt number, four illustrative examples are given: the heat transfer in a duct of rectangular cross-section, heat transfer in a duct of semicircular cross-section, the heat transfer in a duct of circular crosssection and heat transfer between two parallel plates. The method used in this paper is general and it can be applied al flows. It is not necessary to use thin plate analogy, first, the velocity distribution is obtained and then the temperature distribution is found. It is shown that the Nusselt numbers calculated for the four examples cited depend not only on duct shape but also on wall friction.
Approximate Symmetries of Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equation with Temperature Dependent Thermal Properties
Authors: Pakdemirli M. , Şahin A.
Published: June 2016

Hyperbolic heat conduction equation with temperature dependent thermal properties is considered. The thermal conductivity, specific heat and density are assumed to be functions of temperature. The equation is cast into a non-dimensional form suitable for perturbation analysis. By employing a newly developed approximate symmetry theory, the approximate symmetries of the equation are calculated for the case of small variations in thermal properties. Various similarity solutions corresponding to the symmetries of first order equations are presented. For second order equations, the method of constructing approximate symmetries and similarity solutions are discussed. A linear functional variation is assumed for the thermal properties and a similarity solution is constructed using one of the first order solutions as an example.
Examining of Tetragonal Surface Patches with Their Geometric Properties and Relationships
Authors: Caliskan A. , Yuzcelik Y.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the geometric properties and relationships of the rectangular are applied to a tetragonal surface patch. Then, O. Bonnet integral formula is generalized for the tetragonal surface patchs which are bounded with a curvatural polygon.
0-→0+ First Forbidden β-Decay Matrix Elements in Spherical Nuclei
Authors: Kenar İsmail , Selam Cevat , Küçükbursa Atalay
Published: June 2016

In this study, the first forbidden beta decay matrix elements have been directly calculated within Saxon-Woods potential. Procedures for calculating the relevant matrix elements and combining them to form the decay rate are described. Calculations have been performed by two different methods. The values of our single particle matrix elements have been compared with the calculated values in the two different tables.
The Identification of Nondominated and Efficient Paths on a Network
Authors: Jahanshahloo G. , Lotfi F. , Shoja N. , Tohidi G. , Razavyan S.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we present an application of 0-1 linear programming problem in the indentification of the nondominated paths on a network. To find efficient paths, an adaptationof the Additive model, which called Additive model without output, is used.
Fundamental Theorems for the Hyperbolic Geodesic Triangles
Authors: Uğurlu H. , Kazaz M. , Özdemir A.
Published: June 2016

In this work, we state and prove the sine, cosine I, cosine II, sine-cosine and cotangent rules for spherical triangles on the hyperbolic unit sphere H02 in the Lorentzian space R13.
Electromagnetic Properties of Z and γ Self-Couplings Interactions
Authors: Abdelhafiz M. , Tantawi R.
Published: June 2016

The couplings of three gauge bosons ZZγ* , Zγγ* , ZγZ* and ZZZ* are found in the electroweak standard model at one loop level. Bosonic one loop diagrams do not contribute to these couplings and only fermionic contributions survive. Ward identities and Bose symmetry are checked. Only the anapole dipole moment characterizes the electromagnetic properties of ZZγ* , Zγγ*, ZγZ*, and ZZZ* interactions.
Dynamic Optimization Algorithm for Vertical Alignment of Highways
Authors: Goktepe A. , Lav A. , Altun Selim
Published: June 2016

In all design criteria, earthwork optimization is essential for the determination of optimal vertical alignment of a highway project. Actually, there can be numerous grade line alternatives for given ground elevations; thus, the objective is to find out the optimal vertical alignment causing the minimum cost considering several design constraints. Basically, this is a constrained nonlinear optimization problem, which can be solved by a multistage optimization technique. This article introduces a methodology for the vertical alignment optimization of a highway using dynamic programming approach. Results indicated that the introduced algorithm can be used successfully in the optimization of vertical highway alignment.
Computer Aided Nonlinear Analysis of Machine Tool Vibrations and a Developed Computer Software
Authors: Taskesen Ahmet , Ercan Yucel
Published: June 2016

A computer program package is developed by using Visual Basic programming language in order to analyze one and two degree of freedom of machine tool chatter vibrations. The developed software accepts the machine tool properties, work piece properties and cutting parameters as inputs, calculates the time responses of selected cutting parameters and displays the results in graphical form. Hence the appropriate values of cutting parameters can be predicted for chatter-free operation of the machine tool.
Neural Network Approach for the Characterisation of the Active Microwave Devices
Authors: Torpi Hamid , Güneş Filiz , Gürgen Fikret
Published: June 2016

Small-signal and noise behaviour of an active microwave device is modeled through the neural network approach for multiple bias/configurations.Here ,the device is modelled by a black box whose small signal and noise parameters are evaluated through a neural network,based upon the fitting of both of these parameters for the multiplebias or configuration. The concurrent modelling procedure does not require to solve device pbysics equations repeatedly during optimization. Compared to the existing device modelling techniques, the proposed approach has the capability to make bighdimensional models for higbly nonlinear devices.
Comparing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Image Compression Technique with Different Image Compression Techniques
Authors: Karlık Bekir , Aydın Serkan , Kılıç İlker
Published: June 2016

In this paper it is presented that, 256 × 256 16 gray level images can be compressed fast and efficiently by using neural networks . Compression results were compared with the other methods according to mean square error (MSE) and visual of the image and it is seen that by further works on ANN the images can be compressed better.
A Comparative Study of Existing Manufacturing, Planning and Control Approaches
Authors: Torkul O. , Cedimoğlu I. , Aksoy M.
Published: June 2016

During the 1980s various approaches to batch-type manufacturing environments were implemented. The most popular of these were Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Group Technology (GT) and Just-In-Time (JIT). However few successful implementations of any of these approaches were achieved [1] [2] [3]. This paper compares the various approaches of GT, MRP, JIT along with the integrated approaches such as MRP/GT and MRP/JIT.
The Frenet and Darboux Instantaneous Rotation Vectors of Curves on Time-Like Surface
Authors: Uğurlu H. , Kocayiğit Hüseyin
Published: June 2016

In this paper, depending on the Darboux instantaneous rotation vector of a solid perpendicular trihedron in the Minkowski 3-space [...]
Relation between Darboux Instantaneous Rotation Vectors of Curves on Time-Like Surface
Authors: Uğurlu H. , Topal Ali
Published: June 2016

In this study, a fundamental relation, as a base for the geometry of the time-like surfaces, among the Darboux vectors of an arbitrary time-like curve (c) on a time-like surface and the parameter curves (c1) and (c2) in the Minkowski 3-space R13 was founded.
On the Numerical Solution of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations in Primitive Variables Using Grid Generation Techniques
Authors: Salem S. A.
Published: June 2016

In this paper presents a new model procedure for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables, using grid generation techniques. The time dependent momentum equations are solved explicitly for the velocity field using the explicit marching procedure, the continuity equation is implied at each grid point in the solution of pressure equation, while the SOR method is used for the Neumann problem for pressure. Results obtained for the model problem of driven flow in a square cavity demonstrate that the method yields accurate solutions. The results of the numerical computations in a driven cavity, which are presented for the history of the residues at several Reynolds numbers Re=100,1000,4000 and 5000 all the computed results are obtained without any artificial dissipation. This feature of the present procedure demonstrates its excellent convergence and stability characteristics. Numerically results obtained for the steady state static pressure in the driven cavity are presented for the first time at Re=4000 and 5000 using non-staggered grid.
A Comparison between Active and Passive Vibration Control of Non-Linear Simple Pendulum. Part I: Transversally Tuned Absorber and Negative Gφn Feedback
Authors: Eissa M. , Sayed M.
Published: June 2016

Vibrations and dynamic chaos should be controlled in structures and machines. The most famous method of vibration control is using absorbers or tuned dampers or neutralizers. The main aim is to improve the system behavior at different resonance conditions. Two main strategies are used. They are passive and active control methods. In this paper, a tuned absorber, in the transversally direction, is added to an externally excited pendulum, which is simulated by a second order non-linear differential equation having both quadratic and cubic non-linearties, subjected to harmonic excitation. The absorber is usually designed to control one frequency at primary resonance where system damage is probable. The quenching efficiency of the system is studied. Active control is applied to the system via negative velocity feedback or its square or cubic value. The multiple time scale perturbation technique is applied throughout. An approximate solution is derived up to the second order approximation. The stability of the system is investigated applying both frequency response equations and phase plane methods. The effects of the absorber on system behavior are studied numerically. Optimum working conditions of the system are extracted when applying both passive and active control methods.
Prediction of Performance and Smoke Emission Using Artificial Neural Network in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Sekmen Yakup , Gölcü Mustafa , Erduranlı Perihan , Pancar Yaşar
Published: June 2016

The fuel injection pressure is one of the significant operating parameters affects atomization of fuel and mixture formation; therefore, it determines the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Increasing the fuel injection pressure decrease the particle diameter and caused the diesel fuel spray to vaporize quickly. However, with decreasing fuel particles their inertia will also decrease and for this reason fuel can not penetrate deeply into the combustion chamber. In this study, artificial neural-networks (ANNs) are used to determine the effects of injection pressure on smoke emissions and engine performance in a diesel engine. Experimental studies were used to obtain training and test data. Injection pressure was changed from 100bar to 300bar in experiment (standard injection pressure of test engine is 150bar). Injection pressure and engine speed have been used as the input layer; smoke emission, engine torque and specific fuel consumption have been used as the output layer. Two different training algorithms were studied. The best results were obtained from Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithms with 11 neurons. However, The LM algorithm is faster than the SCG algorithm, and its error values are smaller than those of the SCGs. For the torque with LM algorithm, fraction of variance (R2) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were found to be 0.9927 and 7.2108%, respectively. Similarly, for the specific fuel consumption (SFC), R2 and MAPE were calculated as 0.9872 and 6.0261%, respectively. For the torque with SCG algorithm, R2 and MAPE were found to be 0.9879 and 9.0026%, respectively. Similarly, for the specific fuel consumption (SFC), R2 and MAPE were calculated as 0.9793 and 8.7974%, respectively. So, these ANN predicted results can be considered within acceptable limits and the results show good agreement between predicted and experimental values.
The Effects of Duct Shape on the Nusselt Number
Authors: Erdoğan M. , Imrak C.
Published: June 2016

As was pointed out by Mike Yuratich of [...]
Discrete Singular Convolution for Free Vibration Analysis of Anisotropic Rectangular Plates
Authors: Civalek Ö. , Kiracioglu O.
Published: June 2016

The focus in this study is on the application of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) method to the differential equation, which governs the free vibration of anisotropic plates, Regularized Shannon's delta (RSD) kernel is selected as singular convolution to illustrate the present algorithm. In the present study, free vibration analysis of rectangular composite plates via discrete singular convolution has been presented. In the proposed approach, the derivatives in both the governing equations and the boundary conditions are discretized by the method of DSC. The obtained results are compared with those of other numerical methods available in the literature. Numerical calculations showed that accurate results can be achieved.
Hopf Point Analysis for Ratio-Dependent Food Chain Models
Authors: Kara Rukiye , Can Mehmet
Published: June 2016

In this paper periodic and quasi-periodic behavior of a food chain model with three trophic levels are studied. Michaelis-Menten type ratio-dependent functional response is considered. There are two equilibrium points of the system. It is found out that at most one of these equilibrium points is stable at a time. In the parameter space, there are passages from instability to stability, which are called Hopf bifurcation points. For the first equilibrium point, it is possible to find bifurcation points analytically and to prove that the system has periodic solutions around these points. However for the second equilibrium point the computation is more tedious and bifurcation points can only be found by numerical experiments. It has been found that around these points there are periodic solutions and when this point is unstable, the solution is an enlarging
spiral from inside and approaches to a limit cycle.
Long Term Energy Consumption Forecasting Using Genetic Programming
Authors: Karabulut Korhan , Alkan Ahmet , Yilmaz Ahmet
Published: June 2016

Managing electrical energy supply is a complex task. The most important part of electric utility resource planning is forecasting of the future load demand in the regional or national service area. This is usually achieved by constructing models on relative information, such as climate and previous load demand data. In this paper, a genetic programming approach is proposed to forecast long term electrical power consumption in the area covered by a utility situated in the southeast of Turkey. The empirical results demonstrate successful load forecast with a low error rate.
Comparison of IBM-2 Calculations with X(5) Critical Point Symmetry for Low-Lying States in 144-154Nd
Authors: İnan Sait , Türkan Nurettin , İnci İlyas , Olgun Davut
Published: June 2016

The X(5) would take place when moving continously from the pure U(5) symmetry to the SU(3) symmetry and it implies a definite relations among the level energies and among the E2 transition strengths. It was recently shown that a signature of phase transition is observed in the chain of Sm, Mo and Nd isotopes, where 152Sm,104Mo and 150Nd display the predicted features of the X(5) symmetry and mark therefore the critical point. However, more detailed studies and experiments are needed to get ideas about this signature. Without entering into detail we have firstly compared the results obtained in our previous study [15] of 144-154Nd with that of the limits in X(5) symmetry and then given a clear descripton about the validity of the Hamiltonian parameters used in the study. At the end, we have concluded that some of Nd isotopes display X(5) symmetry features.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach to Prediction of Diffusion Bonding Behavior (Shear Strength) of Ni-Ti Alloys Manufactured by Powder Metalurgy Method
Authors: Taskin Mustafa , Dikbas Halil , Caligulu Ugur
Published: June 2016

In this study, Artificial Neural Network approach to prediction of diffusion bonding behavior of Ni-Ti alloys, manufactured by powder metallurgy process, were obtained using a back-propagation neural network that uses gradient descent learning algorithm. Ni-Ti composite manufactured with a chemical composition of 51 % Ni – 49 % Ti in weight percent as mixture with a average dimension of 45μm. Diffusion welding process have been made under argon atmosphere, with a constant load of 5 MPa, under the temperature of 850, 875, 900 and 925ºC and, in 20, 40 and 60 minutes experiment time. Microstructure examination at bond interface were investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and EDS analysis. Specimens were tested for shear strength and metallographic evaluations. After the completion of experimental process and relevant test, to prepare the training and test (checking) set of the network, results were recorded in a file on a computer. In neural networks training module, different temperatures and welding periods were used as input, shear strength of bonded specimens at interface were used as outputs. Then, the neural network was trained using the prepared training set (also known as learning set). At the end of the training process, the test data were used to check the system accuracy. As a result the neural network was found successful in the prediction of diffusion bonding shear strength and behavior.
Diagnosing Hyperlipidemia Using Association Rules
Authors: Dogan Sengul , Turkoglu Ibrahim
Published: June 2016

Data mining methodologies have been developed for exploration and analysis of large quantities of data to discover meaningful patterns and rules. This paper presents a new approach, that employs data mining, to find association rules an effective method for discovering Hyperlipidemia. The propose system has been projected from the biochemistry blood parameters which will be very helpful for and will make everything easier for the physicians in the diagnosis of Hyperlipidemia. The basic characteristic of the lipide parameters that is Total cholesterol, LDL, Triglyceride, HDL and VLDL parameters are used in the process of entering the system and finally Hyperlipidemia (T) and Hyperlipidemia (F) results have been evaluated at the end of this process. Data of 492 patients are evaluated in the projected system. The results of the decision support system have completely matched with those of the physicians decisions.
Simple and U-type Assembly Line Balancing by Using an Ant Colony Based Algorithm
Authors: Baykasoğlu Adil , Dereli Türkay
Published: June 2016

In this paper, an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based heuristic algorithm is proposed for solving simple (straight line) and U-shaped assembly line balancing problems (ALBP). The paper makes one of the first attempts to show how ACO heuristic can be used to solve U-shaped ALBP. A new algorithm is proposed in this paper that seamlessly integrates COMSOAL algorithm, Ranked Positional Weight Heuristic (RPWH) and an ACO based heuristic in order to obtain good solutions to simple and U-shaped ALBPs. The result of the computational study has shown that the proposed algorithm is effective in solving simple/U-shaped line balancing problems.
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus I(HTLV-I) Infection of Cd4+ T-Cells Model
Authors: Merdan Mehmet
Published: June 2016

In this article, homotopy perturbation method is implemented to give approximate and analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems such as human Tcell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I) infection of CD4+ T-cells model. The proposed scheme is based on homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Laplace transform and Padé approximants. The results to get the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied Padé approximants. Our proposed approach showed results to analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems. Some plots are presented to show the reliability and simplicity of the methods.
Discrete Singular Convolution for Free Vibration Analysis Annular Membranes
Authors: Civalek Ömer , Gürses Murat
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we investigate the effects of some geometric parameters and density variation on frequency characteristics of the annular membranes with varying density. The discrete singular convolution method based on regularized Shannon’s delta kernel is applied to obtain the frequency parameter. The obtained results have been compared with the analytical and numerical results of other researchers, which showed well agreement.
Application of the Variational Iteration Method for System of Nonlinear Volterra’s Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Abbasbandy Saeid , Shivanian Elyas
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the variational iteration method is proposed to solve system of nonlinear Volterra's integro-differential equations. Four numerical examples are illustrated by this method. The results reveal that this method is very effective and highly promising in comparison with other numerical methods.
Asymptotic Solutions and Comparisons of a Generalized Van Del Pol Oscillator with Slowly Varying Parameter
Authors: Cai Ping , Cai Jianping
Published: June 2016

A generalized Van del Pol oscillator with slowly varying parameter is studied. The leading order approximate solutions are obtained respectively by three methods and comparisons are made with numerical results. Different amplitudes are also made to compare the accuracy of the three methods.
Genetic Algorithm Based Solution for TSP on a Sphere
Authors: Uğur Aybars , Korukoğlu Serdar , Çalıskan Ali , Cinsdikici Muhammed , Alp Ali
Published: June 2016

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the extensively studied combinatorial optimization problems. Various exact or approximation algorithms are devised for solving Euclidean TSP that determine the shortest route through a given set of points in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we proposed a genetic algorithm-based solution for TSP where all points are on the surface of a sphere. A Java-based interactive visualization tool is also developed using Java 3D and optimization results obtained for different problem sizes are presented.
Determining Spot Price and Economic Dispatch in Deregulated Power Systems
Authors: Urkmez Abdullah , Cetinkaya Nurettin
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a new formula for determining spot price and a new algorithm for economic dispatch in deregulated power systems. According to participant’s biddings, an independent system operator (ISO) manages deregulated power systems (DPS) and decides transaction between participants. ISO aims to obtain minimum cost for entire power system. However each participant aims to work with minimum cost for only themselves. Each participant in DPS shares expensive operating and upkeep costs. Energy sources are used more efficient. Energy prices are determined according to the costs. The proposed algorithm considers price / power bids, generating / demand balance and generating units’ constraints. The results are shown on the IEEE 30 bus standart test system.
Approximate Solution of Higher Order Linear Differential Equations by Means of a New Rational Chebyshev Collocation Method
Authors: Yalçınbas Salih , Özsoy Nesrin , Sezer  Mehmet
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a new approximate method for solving higher-order linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients under the mixed conditions is presented. The method is based on the rational Chebyshev (RC) Tau, Chebyshev and Taylor collocation methods. The solution is obtained in terms of rational Chebyshev (RC) functions. Also, illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method.
A New Decomposition Method for Solving System of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Özel Mustafa
Published: June 2016

In this paper, an efficient decomposition method is constructed and used for solving system of nonlinear equations. The method based on the decomposition technique of Noor [M.A.Noor, K.I.Noor, Some iterative schemes for nonlinear equations, Appl. Math. Comput. 183(2006), 774-779]. This technique is revised to solve the system of nonlinear equations. Some illustrative examples have been presented, to demonstrate the proposed method and the results are compared with those derived from the previous methods. All test problems reveals the accuracy and fast convergence of the suggested method.
Asymptotic Expansions for the Moments of the Boundary Functionals of the Renewal Reward Process with a Discrete Interference of Chance
Authors: Aliyev Rovshan , Bekar Nurgul , Khaniyev Tahir , Unver Ihsan
Published: June 2016

In this study, two boundary functionals N\(_{1}\) and \(\tau_{1}\) of the renewal reward process with a discrete interference of chance (X(t)) are investigated. A relation between the moment generating function (\(\Psi\)N(z)) of the boundary functional N\(_{1}\) and the Laplace transform (\(\Phi_{\tau}(\mu\))) of the boundary functional \(\tau_{1}\) is obtained. Using this relation, the exact formulas for the first four moments of the boundary functional \(\tau_{1}\) are expressed by means of the first four moments of the boundary functional N\(_{1}\). Moreover, the asymptotic expansions for the first four moments of these boundary functionals are established when the random variables \(\{\zeta_{n}\}\), \(n \geq 0\), which describe a discrete interference of chance, have an exponential distribution with parameter \(\lambda > 0\) . Finally, the accuracy of the approximation formulas for the moments (EN\(_{1}^{k}\)) of the boundary functional N\(_{1}\) are tested by Monte Carlo simulation method.
Analysis of B-Spline Curve Using Discrete Fourier Transform
Authors: Ganguly Ashok , Arondekar Pranjali
Published: June 2016

We apply the Discrete Fourier Transform to the construction of B-Spline curves to gain more insight into their structure. As a B-Spline curve is determined by its control polygon, this analysis is intimately linked to the Fourier analysis of the control polygon. To do this we apply Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to the structure of B-Spline curve and its rational form. We get inner structure of original B-Spline curve in the transform domain again in the form of B-Spline curve, having control polygon as regular or star polygon. Using the technique mentioned in the paper we get the same curve without change of shape in the transformed case of polygon points. We also extend the idea for the interval form of B-Spline Curve.
Prediction of Head, Efficiency, and Power Characteristics in a Semi-Open Impeller
Authors: Gölcü Mustafa , Pancar Yasar , Ergür H. , Göral Esrah
Published: June 2016

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the effects of splitter blades in a semi-open impeller on centrifugal pump performance. The characteristics of this impeller were compared with those of impellers without splitter blades. Experimental results for lengths of splitter blades in ratio of 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the main blade length were evaluated by different ANN training algorithm. Training and test data were obtained from experimental studies. The best training algorithm and number of neurons were determined. The values of head, efficiency, and effective power were estimated in a semi-open impeller with splitter blades in ratio of 3/6 and 5/6 of the main blade length at the best efficiency point (b.e.p.). Here, as the splitter blade length increases; the flow rate and power increases, the efficiency decrease. All of the estimated values of performance in a semi-open impeller with splitter blades indicate the model works in line with expectations. Experimental studies to determine head, efficiency and effective power consumption in different types of pumps are complex, time consuming, and costly. It also requires specific measurement tools to obtain the characteristics values of pump. To overcome these difficulties, an ANN can be used for prediction of pump performance in semi open impeller.
A New Look-Ahead Algorithm to Improve the Performance of Omega Networks
Authors: Almazyad Abdulaziz
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we concentrate on the internal blocking problem related to Omega Network which is a type of Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs). We introduce a new algorithm to alleviate the internal blocking problem, the function of this look-ahead algorithm is to decide which packet to block in case of internal blocking. The performance results indicate that the introduced algorithm decreases the internal blocking problem significantly. Since the computations involved in the introduced algorithm are so little, it can be implemented in real time effectively.
Secure Communication Using Practical Synchronization between Two Different Chaotic Systems with Uncertainties
Authors: Cai Jianping , Lin Meili , Yuan Zhengzhong
Published: June 2016

Adaptive control technique is used to design suitable controllers to synchronize two different coupled chaotic systems with uncertainties. The information signal hidden in chaotic signal is transmitted and then successfully recovered at the receiver once synchronization is achieved. Different chaotic systems with uncertainties are chosen respectively as the transmitter and receiver systems to ensure higher security in communication. Numerical simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.