bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publisher Correction: M. tuberculosis infection and antigen specific cytokine response in healthcare workers frequently exposed to tuberculosis
Authors: Essone Paulin N. , Leboueny Marielle , Maloupazoa Siawaya Anicet Christel , Alame-Emane Amel Kévin , Aboumegone Biyogo Oriane Cordelia , Dapnet Tadatsin Patrice Hemery , Mveang Nzoghe Amandine , Essamazokou Dimitri Ulrich , Mvoundza Ndjindji Ofilia , Padzys Guy-Stéphane , Agnandji Selidji Todagbe , Takiff Howard , Gicquel Brigitte , Djoba Siawaya Joel Fleury
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Mid-Infrared Electro-Optical Modulation Using Monolithically Integrated Titanium Dioxide on Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides
Authors: Jin Tiening , Zhou Junchao , Lin Pao Tai
Published: October 2019

Tunable photonic circuits were demonstrated in the mid-Infrared (mid-IR) regime using integrated TiO2-on-LiNbO3 (ToL) waveguides. The upper waveguide ridge was made by a sputtered TiO2 thin film with broad transparency at λ = 0.4–8 µm and an optimized refractive index n = 2.39. The waveguide substrate is a z-cut single crystalline LiNbO3 (LN) wafer that has strong Pockels effect, thus enabling the tunability of the device through electro-optical (E-O) modulation. A sharp waveguide mode was obtained at λ = 2.5 µm without scattering or mode distortion found. The measured E-O coefficient γeff was 5.9 pm/V approaching γ31 of 8.6 pm/V of LN. The ToL waveguide showed a hybrid mode profile where its optical field can be modified by adjusting the TiO2 ridge height. Our monolithically integrated ToL modulator is an efficient and small footprint optical switch critical for the development of reconfigurable photonic chips.
Cage aggression in group-housed laboratory male mice: an international data crowdsourcing project
Authors: Lidster Katie , Owen Kathryn , Browne William J. , Prescott Mark J.
Published: October 2019

Aggression in group-housed laboratory mice is a serious animal welfare concern. Further understanding of the causes of mouse aggression could have a significant impact on a large number of laboratory animals. The NC3Rs led a crowdsourcing project to collect data on the prevalence and potential triggers of aggression in laboratory mice. The crowdsourcing approach collected data from multiple institutions and is the first time such an approach has been applied to a laboratory animal welfare problem. Technicians observed group-housed, male mice during daily routine cage checks and recorded all incidents of aggression-related injuries. In total, 44 facilities participated in the study and data was collected by 143 animal technicians. A total of 788 incidents of aggression-related injuries were reported across a sample population of 137,580 mice. The mean facility-level prevalence of aggression-related incidents reported across facilities was equivalent to 15 in 1,000 mice. Key factors influencing the prevalence of aggression included strain; number of mice per cage; how mice were selected into a cage; cage cleaning protocols; and transfer of nesting material. Practical recommendations have been provided to minimise aggressive behaviour in group-housed, male mice based upon the results of the study and taking into consideration the current published literature.
Solid-State Green Synthesis of Ag NPs: Higher Temperature Harvests Larger Ag NPs but Smaller Size Has Better Catalytic Reduction Reaction
Authors: Al-Namil Dina Sadeq , Khoury Elsy El , Patra Digambara
Published: October 2019

In this work a novel solid-state green approach without using any solvent environment has been proposed to synthesize Ag NPs. The synthetic condition has been investigated in 4 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C and at ten different time intervals. This synthesis process gives different size and shape of curcumin conjugated Ag NPs, which have been confirmed by various morphological and spectroscopic techniques. It is found that higher temperature and longer time produces larger particles size and different varieties in shapes. For example, Ag NPs prepared at 4 °C are spherical shapes whereas that prepared at 60 °C are of spherical, rods, and many hexagonal shapes. At 60 °C and after 5 and 7 days the size of the prepared Ag NPs exceed the nano scale to reach micro scale level. This size and shape distribution are well reflected in the optical properties as absorbance, fluorescence intensity and SFS intensity of Ag NPs consistently increase with increase in temperature during synthesis. Ag NPs obtained in different temperature and various time intervals have been subsequently tested as catalysts for the reduction reaction, where 4-nitrophenol is reduced to 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4. It is found that smaller particles have better catalytic properties for the reduction reaction.
Clinical Factors Associated with Time-Specific Distribution of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose in Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Rosenblum Joel S. , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Rimland Casey A. , Mehta Nehal N. , Ahlman Mark A. , Grayson Peter C.
Published: October 2019

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can detect vascular inflammation in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Clinical factors that influence distribution of FDG into the arterial wall and other tissues have not been characterized in LVV. Understanding these factors will inform analytic strategies to quantify vascular PET activity. Patients with LVV (n = 69) underwent 141 paired FDG-PET imaging studies at one and two hours per a delayed image acquisition protocol. Arterial uptake was quantified as standardized uptake values (SUVMax). SUVMean values were obtained for background tissues (blood pool, liver, spleen). Target-to-background ratios (TBRs) were calculated for each background tissue. Mixed model multivariable linear regression was used to identify time-dependent associations between FDG uptake and selected clinical features. Clinical factors associated with FDG distribution differed in a tissue- and time-dependent manner. Age, body mass index, and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with arterial FDG uptake at both time points. Clearance factors (e.g. glomerular filtration rate) were significantly associated with FDG uptake in background tissues at one hour but were weakly or not associated at two hours. TBRs using liver or blood pool at two hours were most strongly associated with vasculitis-related factors. These findings inform standardization of FDG-PET protocols and analytic approaches in LVV.
B-SBA-16 encaged functional tungstosilicic acid type ionic liquids to catalyze the ketal reaction
Authors: Xie Yingjie , Zhao Qian , Gao Guofang , Jiang Tingshun
Published: October 2019

Various cage-encapsulated tungstosilicic acid type ionic liquid composite catalysts with gratifying 3D structures and efficient catalytic performances were obtained.
A thermal- and light-induced switchable one-dimensional rare loop-like spin crossover coordination polymer
Authors: Lan Wenlong , Valverde-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Dou Yong , Hao Xiaoyun , Muñoz M. Carmen , Zhou Zhen , Liu Hui , Liu Qingyun , Real José Antonio , Zhang Daopeng
Published: October 2019

The looped-like 1D coordination polymer {Fe(DPIP)2(NCSe)2}n·4DMF displays a thermal and light spin crossover behavior strongly dependent on the occurrence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the ligand amide functions and the solvent molecules.
Reactions of a BICAAC with hydroboranes: propensity for Lewis adduct formation and carbene insertion into the B–H bond
Authors: Manar Krishna K. , Porwal Vishal Kumar , Kamte Rohit S. , Adhikari Manu , Thakur Sandeep Kumar , Bawari Deependra , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Singh Sanjay
Published: October 2019

A BICAAC interacts differently with different boranes: Lewis adducts were formed with simple hydroboranes and insertion of the carbene carbon into the B–H bond was observed with more hydridic boranes.
Designed asymmetric coordination helicates with bis-β-diketonate ligands
Authors: Diego Rosa , Darawsheh Mohanad , Barrios Leoní A. , Sadurní Anna , García Jordi , Lloyd-Williams Paul , Teat Simon J. , Roubeau Olivier , Aguilà David , Aromí Guillem
Published: October 2019

Through chemical design, an asymmetric bis-β-diketonate ligand has been prepared and engineered to form triple-stranded dinuclear supramolecular helicates, exhibiting structural asymmetry.
Complete post-synthetic modification of a spin crossover complex
Authors: Enríquez-Cabrera Alejandro , Routaboul Lucie , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: October 2019

Complete post-synthetic (PS) modification of an iron–triazole SCO complex is reported; and a full characterization is carried out for a series of PS-SCO complexes with 23%–100% modification.
Correction: A biocatalytic cascade for the conversion of fatty acids to fatty amines
Authors: Citoler Joan , Derrington Sasha R. , Galman James L. , Bevinakatti Han , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘A biocatalytic cascade for the conversion of fatty acids to fatty amines’ by Joan Citoler, et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 4932–4935.
Exploring antiaromaticity in single-molecule junctions formed from biphenylene derivatives
Authors: Gantenbein Markus , Li Xiaohui , Sangtarash Sara , Bai Jie , Olsen Gunnar , Alqorashi Afaf , Hong Wenjing , Lambert Colin J. , Bryce Martin R.
Published: October 2019

We report the synthesis of a series of oligophenylene-ethynylene (OPE) derivatives with biphenylene core units, designed to assess the effects of biphenylene antiaromaticity on charge transport in molecular junctions.
How nanoscale surface steps promote ice growth on feldspar: microscopy observation of morphology-enhanced condensation and freezing
Authors: Friddle Raymond W. , Thürmer Konrad
Published: October 2019

Video microscopy and AFM are used to relate surface topography to a mineral's ability to promote ice growth. On feldspar, abundant as atmospheric dust, basic surface steps can facilitate condensation and freezing when air becomes saturated.
Bioisosteric OH- to SH-replacement changes the antioxidant profile of ferulic acid
Authors: Chavarria Daniel , Fernandes Carlos , Silva Tiago , Garrido Jorge , Remião Fernando , Oliveira Paulo J. , Borges Fernanda
Published: October 2019

A new ferulic acid-based thiophenol was synthesized and the differences in the antioxidant properties of the natural and the synthetic compounds were investigated.
Synthesis of defined mono-de-N-acetylated β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligosaccharides to characterize PgaB hydrolase activity
Authors: Forman Adam , Pfoh Roland , Eddenden Alexander , Howell P. Lynne , Nitz Mark
Published: October 2019

Mono-de-N-acetylated β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine penta- and hepta-saccharides were obtained using a convergent synthesis. The site of de-N-acetylation drives the selectivity of hydrolysis by PgaB.
Degradation profiles of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA)-based hydrogel nanoparticles
Authors: Stillman Zachary , Jarai Bader M. , Raman Nisha , Patel Premal , Fromen Catherine A.
Published: October 2019

PEGDA-based nanogels have been used in numerous applications, but their degradation rates have not been explored. We determine the degradation rates for multiple formulations and demonstrate key differences in degradation rates relative to bulk gels.
Alkoxy aluminum chlorides in the cationic polymerization of isobutylene: a co-initiator, carbocation stabilizer and chain-transfer agent
Authors: Shiman Dmitriy I. , Vasilenko Irina V. , Kostjuk Sergei V.
Published: October 2019

Alkoxy aluminum chlorides are efficient catalysts for the preparation of well-definedexo-olefin terminated PIBs of low (Mn∼ 1000 g mol−1) to medium (Mnup to 50 000 g mol−1) molecular weight under mild experimental conditions.
Toddlers Process Common and Infrequent Childhood Mispronunciations Differently for Child and Adult Speakers
Authors: Bernier Dana E. , White Katherine S.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study examined toddlers' processing of mispronunciations based on their frequency of occurrence in child speech and the speaker who produced them.

Method

One hundred twenty 22-month-olds were assigned to 1 of 4 conditions. Using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm, toddlers were shown visual displays containing 1 familiar object and 1 novel object, labeled by either a child or an adult. Familiar objects were labeled correctly or with a small mispronunciation that is either common in child speech (e.g.,
waisin
for raisin) or infrequent (e.g.,
rauter
for water).

Results

A significant interaction of speaker and type of mispronunciation showed that, for the child speaker, toddlers treated common and infrequent mispronunciations similarly, with equivalently sized mispronunciation penalties relative to correctly pronounced labels. In contrast, for the adult speaker, toddlers showed a large penalty for common mispronunciations, but infrequent mispronunciations were treated equivalently to correct pronunciations.

Conclusion

These results both reinforce and extend previous work on toddlers' processing of mispronunciations by revealing a complex interplay of speaker, type of mispronunciation, and specific contrast in toddlers' perceptions of mispronunciations.
Developing a Culture of Successful Communication in Acute Care Settings: Part I. Solving Patient-Specific Issues
Authors: Marshall Sarah , Hurtig Richard R.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Establishing services for hospitalized patients with complex communication needs requires identifying and addressing both patient-based and institutional barriers. In this 1st article, we focus on overcoming patient-based barriers. The companion paper (
Marshall & Hurtig, 2019
) addresses overcoming institutional barriers.

Method

We present a series of cases that illustrate both the challenges and some of the solutions that have emerged in addressing the specific needs of individual patients with complex communication needs.

Results

Each case illustrates how a dynamic assessment approach was used to allow patients with complex communication needs to more effectively communicate with caregivers and participate in their care.

Conclusion

Building a culture of improved patient–provider communication involves more than just providing patients with augmentative and alternative communication tools.
An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Professional Development on Speech-Language Pathologists' Literacy Knowledge and Practices
Authors: Mahowald Megan , Rentmeester-Disher Jill
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study explores how knowledge of and practice in literacy assessment and intervention change following targeted professional development (PD).

Method

Thirteen school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who participated in a literacy PD course completed pre- and postcourse assessment measures to assess changes in knowledge and practice. Classroom observations were also completed.

Results

Increases in literacy knowledge and practices were found across all pre- and postcourse measures. Additionally, SLPs' literacy practices were maintained over the course of 1 year.

Conclusion

The results offer preliminary evidence that targeted PD can impact SLP literacy knowledge and practices, which in turn may positively impact student literacy outcomes.
A spectral stacking analysis to search for faint outflow signatures inz∼ 6 quasars
Authors: Stanley F. , Jolly J. B. , König S. , Knudsen K. K.
Published: October 2019

Aims.Outflows in quasars during the early epochs of galaxy evolution are an important part of the feedback mechanisms that potentially affect the evolution of the host galaxy. However, systematic millimetre (mm) observations of outflows are only now becoming possible with the advent of sensitive mm telescopes. In this study we used spectral stacking methods to search for a faint high-velocity outflow signal in a sample of [C II] detected,z ∼ 6 quasars.

Methods.We searched for broad emission line signatures from high-velocity outflows for a sample of 26z ∼ 6 quasars observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), with a detection of the [C II] line. The observed emission lines of the sources are dominated by the host galaxy, and outflow emission is not detected for the individual sources. We used a spectral line stacking analysis developed for interferometric data to search for outflow emission. We stacked both extracted spectra and the full spectral cubes. We also investigated the possibility that only a sub-set of our sample contributes to the stacked outflow emission.

Results.We find only a tentative detection of a broad emission line component in the stacked spectra. When taking a region of about 2″ around the central position of the stacked cubes, the stacked line shows an excess emission due to a broad component of 1.1–1.5σ, but the significance drops to 0.4–0.7σwhen stacking the extracted spectra from a smaller region. The broad component can be characterised by a line width of full width at half-maximumFWHM >  700 km s−1. Furthermore, we find a sub-sample of 12 sources, the stack of which maximises the broad component emission. The stack of this sub-sample shows an excess emission due to a broad component of 1.2–2.5σ. The stacked line of these sources has a broad component ofFWHM >  775 km s−1.

Conclusions.We find evidence suggesting the presence of outflows in a sub-sample of 12 out of 26 sources, which demonstrates the importance of spectral stacking techniques in tracing faint signal in galaxy samples. However, deeper ALMA observations are necessary to confirm the presence of a broad component in the individual spectra.
Merger induced clump formation in distant infrared luminous starburst galaxies
Authors: Calabrò Antonello , Daddi Emanuele , Fensch Jérémy , Bournaud Frédéric , Cibinel Anna , Puglisi Annagrazia , Jin Shuowen , Delvecchio Ivan , D’Eugenio Chiara
Published: October 2019

While the formation of stellar clumps in distant galaxies is usually attributed to gravitational violent disk instabilities, we show here that major mergers also represent a competitive mechanism to form bright clumps. Using ∼0.1″ resolution ACS F814W images in the entire COSMOS field, we measured the fraction of clumpy emission in 109 main sequence (MS) and 79 Herschel-detected starbursts (off-MS) galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.9, representative of normal versus merger induced star-forming activity, respectively. We additionally identify merger samples from visual inspection and from Gini-M20 morphological parameters. Regardless of the merger criteria adopted, the clumpiness distribution of merging systems is different from that of normal isolated disks at a > 99.5% confidence level. The former reaches higher clumpiness values up to 20% of the total galaxy emission. We confirm the merger induced clumpiness enhancement with novel hydrodynamical simulations of colliding galaxies with gas fractions typical of z ∼ 0.7. Multi-wavelength images of three starbursts in the CANDELS field support the young nature of clumps, which are likely merger products rather than older preexisting structures. Finally, for a subset of 19 starbursts with existing near-infrared rest frame spectroscopy, we find that the clumpiness is mildly anti-correlated with the merger phase, which decreases toward final coalescence. Our result can explain recent ALMA detections of clumps in hyperluminous high-z starbursts, while normal objects are smooth. This work raises a question as to the role of mergers on the origin of clumps in high redshift galaxies in general.
Climate resilience in the United Kingdom wine production sector: CREWS-UK
Authors: Nesbitt A. , Dorling S. , Jones R.
Published: October 2019

As cool climate viticulture rapidly expands, the England and Wales wine sector is winning international acclaim, particularly for its sparkling wines, and is attracting significant investment. Supported by warming climate trends during the growing season, wine producers are establishing new vineyards planted predominantly with Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Grape-friendly weather conditions in 2018 led to a record harvest and may be a sign of good things to come. Long term (100-years) Growing Season Average Temperatures (GSTs) in south-east and south-central England have noticeably increased with 6 of the top 10 warmest growing seasons (April–October), over the last 100 years, occurring since 2005. However, weather and growing season conditions fluctuate markedly from year to year, meaning that yields and grape quality continue to vary significantly. Weather extremes are anticipated to become more frequent under future climate change, further threatening the stability of production. Current uncertainty over future climatic conditions during the growing season and their potential effects on viticulture in the UK exposes both existing producers and potential investors to unquantified risks and opportunities. The CREWS-UK climate resilience research project is generating actionable information on how climate change may affect the wine production sector, to support better decision-making and investment.
The effect of foliar fertilizing on ecological optimization of the application of fungicides on the productivity and phenolic complex composition of grapes
Authors: Batukaev A. , Levchenko S. , Ostroukhova E. , Boyko V. , Peskova I. , Probeigolova P. , Belash D. , Lutkova N.
Published: October 2019

One of the ways to reduce the pesticidal burden in mature ampelocenoses is the use of foliar bio-preparations of multifunctional action. We studied the influence of growth bioregulators “Albit” and “Mival-Agro” at reduced by 25–50% fungicidal load on productivity and phenolic complex composition (using the HPLC method) of Vitis vinifera “Asma” (Crimean autochthonous table cultivar), “Cabernet Sauvignon” and table grapes of complex genetic structure “Moldova”, grown in the mountain-valley seaside region of Crimea. It was established that bio-regulators increase the harvest of grapes, especially in the first and third years of treatment, depending on the preparation and grape cultivar, by 27–64% and 24–29%, respectively, as compared to control; the bunch weight increased by 134 ± 41%. The first two years of treatment enhance sugar accumulation in berries by 0.7–2.6 Brix. “Albit” preparation proved to be more effective as compared to “Mival-Agro”. The use of “Albit” on “Moldova” and “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes increased components content in the berries by 19%–88% relative to control, depending on the cultivar and year of treatment, of which: anthocyanins – by 23–83%, stilbenes – by 24–138%. Regardless of treatment, the anthocyanin complex consisted by 75–87% of malvidin monoglucosides in “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Asma”; 22–56% of malvidin monoglucosides and 21–62% of malvidin diglucoside in “Moldova”. The studied preparations had no significant impact on the quality of wines from “Cabernet Sauvignon”, however, they improved the quality of table grapes and their preservation capacity during storage.
New autochthonous vines of Campania under evaluation for inclusion in productive sector
Authors: Caputo A.R. , Alba V. , Bergamini C. , Gasparro M. , Masi G. , Tarricone L. , Crupi P. , Roccotelli S. , Pepe R. , Del Lungo S.
Published: October 2019

The drastic reduction of agrobiodiversity has induced all countries in the world to implement numerous initiatives to safeguard genetic resources. The biodiversity issue is also one of the priority objectives of the global action plan for the conservation and sustainable use of FAO's cytogenetic resources and of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In Italy, the primary competence on genetic resources of agricultural interest is entrusted to the Ministry of Agricultural. In 2004, the Ministry entrusted the coordination of the RGV/FAO Project to CREA. The main objectives of the project, in addition to the inventory of accessions present in the collections of the structures involved, are their morphological, agronomic and molecular characterization and the productive enhancement with particular reference to the autochthonous varieties at risk of extinction. The project in question includes the activities of recovery and characterization of the viticultural germplasm illustrated in the present work. The 12 vines described here, like others yet to be rediscovered, are strongly linked to small winegrowers and indissolubly characterial of a territory in Campania Region that from the socio-cultural (rather fragmented agricultural system) and environmental orography point of view, like the national one, is very diversified.
Phenological stages of some grapevine cultivars in North Serbia: Historical data and current state
Authors: Ivanišević D. , Kalajdžić M. , Alesandar T. , Jakšić D.
Published: October 2019

Phenological stages of many grapevine cultivars appear in earlier parts of the year. However, we do not know how different cultivars are affected by this trend. The aim of this study was to compare the phenological stages of grapevine cultivars recorded in two different periods (1986–1998 and 2013–2018) in North Serbia (Vojvodina). The investigation was carried out on five red (Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Prokupac, Probus) and five white cultivars (Chardonnay, Muscat ottonel, Riesling italico, Smederevka and Petra). The phenological observations included the beginning of budburst, flowering and veraison. The beginning of all phenological stages in all cultivars in the period (2013–2018) occurred in earlier parts of the year, compared to the historical data. Local cultivars (Prokupac, Probus, Smederevka and Petra) showed less shift of the beginning of budburst in respect to the historical data (only six days earlier) compared to the international cultivars. One of the most important phenological stages, flowering, has been shifted ten days in the earlier part of the year. The biggest differences were observed for the beginning of veraison. Now, it occurs earlier from 9 (Petra) to 17 days (Merlot). Duration of the period from budburst to flowering was inconsistent and cultivars required almost the same number of days as it was in the past. However, the duration between flowering and veraison was shorter in the last six years. The biggest difference was observed in Merlot where the period between flowering and veraison has been seven days shortened.
Composición isotópica del agua como un indicador del vigor de la planta a nivel de parcela
Authors: Pereyra G. , Casaretto E. , Borsani O. , Ferrer M.
Published: October 2019

La viticultura de precisión es una herramienta performante para la gestión del vigor intra parcelario. En una parcela de 1,1 hectáreas de un viñedo comercial de la variedad Tannat, implantado en clima sub- húmedo, en donde delimitó dos zonas de vigor (alto y bajo). Uno de los factores determinantes de dichas diferencias de vigor, sería la diferencia en el contenido de agua en el suelo. Para demostrar esta hipótesis se instalaron parcelas por cada nivel de vigor en las cuales se realizó un seguimiento del estado de hidratación de las plantas mediante el potencial hídrico foliar de base (Ψf). Se determinó la composición isotópica (δ18O) en agua de hojas y mosto. Se demostraron correlaciones significativas entre Ψf y OI. Las medidas de δ18O en hojas brindaron un dato puntual del contenido de agua, en tanto que las del mosto describieron la evolución del estado de hidratación de la planta durante el ciclo del cultivo. El δ18O podría ser una forma rápida de identificación de zonas de diferente vigor y que permitiría determinar a escala parcelaria las diferencias existentes en el suelo en el contenido hídrico y gestionar de manera más eficiente el recurso agua.

Palabras clave:ratio isotópico, δ18O, estrés hídrico, viticultura de precisión, Vitis vinífera L.
Methods for conservation of intra-varietal genetic variability in ancient grapevine varieties
Authors: Gonçalves E. , Martins A.
Published: October 2019

Conservation of intra-varietal genetic variability is a crucial strategy to preserve traditional viticulture and to face future challenges. Conservation can be performed through two processes: (1) conservation without other immediate objectives; (2) conservation which simultaneously ensures the evaluation of important quantitative traits (such as yield, must quality traits, tolerance to abiotic stresses). The second strategy permits the quantification of intra-varietal genetic variability for important quantitative traits and the selection of a superior group of genotypes (polyclonal selection). Based on the results obtained from the conservation of ancient Portuguese varieties, the abovementioned methods for conservation of intra-varietal diversity are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed.
Stabilisation microbiologique des vins par utilisation de champs électriques pulsés
Authors: Davaux F. , Leroy J.-B. , Royant L.
Published: October 2019

For more than ten years, pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has been the subject of a growing number of publications and patents. The technology previously reserved for laboratories is becoming more and more popular and is now a success in the food industry. Since 2015, with the help of the Occitania region, we have been studying the use of the PEF on the microbiological stability of wines on a semi-industrial scale from 5 to 12 hl/hour. This low thermal and energy consuming physical technology requires no inputs to ensure the destruction of microorganisms and microbial stabilization of wines. These tests are performed with a 7 kV/cm electric field generated between the 2 electrodes of the treatment chambers. The objective is to ensure the microbial stabilisation of wines not exceeding 50 ∘C and to cool the wine immediately after treatment without maintaining it at high temperature. The study of the effectiveness of PEF on yeast destruction is carried out during the mutage of sweet wines. The first results obtained show a very good efficiency of the yeast treatment with an instant cessation of alcoholic fermentation and a decrease in the yeast population ranging from − 3 to − 5 Log. No SO2 addition is then required. On wines contaminated by Brettanomyces, the tests show an almost total elimination (< 1/100 ml) of these yeasts by the PEF treatment. These tests also showed that a higher energy level is required to eliminate all lactic acid bacteria from wine. No effects on the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines were found. The impact on the organoleptic characteristics of wines is ongoing. An optimization of the electrical parameters is still necessary.
Influenza della sfogliatura sulla sintesi della quercetina in Sangiovese. Ulteriori acquisizioni sui precipitati di quercetina nei vini
Authors: Marchi D. , Lanati D. , Cascio P. , Giacomo M.
Published: October 2019

Allo scopo di approfondire i fattori che portano ad un accumulo elevato dei flavonoli e in particolare dei glicosidi della quercetina nell'uva abbiamo valutato in campo l'influenza della defogliazione precoce e all'invaiatura e di altre variabili viticole sulla sintesi di questi composti. Nello stesso tempo abbiamo studiato l'influenza della refrigerazione del vino e della formazione di complessi con altre sostanze presenti nel vino sulla solubilità della quercetina aglicone. I risultati ottenuti hanno confermato che: i) la defogliazione, in particolare quella precoce, inducono un incremento della sintesi dei flavonoli nell'uva, ii) la quercetina aglicone forma complessi, presumibilmente con gli antociani monomeri e con certe classi di pigmenti polimeri, con un incremento sensibile della sua solubilità, iii) la refrigerazione dei vini in cui la quercetina aglicone è presente sopra la sua soglia di solubilità porta alla sua precipitazione.
Sulphite dioxide reduction in wine: Management and control of oxygen added during bottling
Authors: Blackford M. , Koestel C. , Beldame G. , Amiet L. , Bach B. , Bourdin G. , Rösti J.
Published: October 2019

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) antiseptic and antioxidant role allows it to preserve the wine from oxygen's negative effects. However, its use is increasingly challenged by the concerns of consumers and producers who want to limit the chemical inputs in wines. During winemaking, many stages can lead to a transfer of oxygen to the wine. Bottling is crucial. In order to limit oxygen addition to the wine, various inerting devices have been developed by manufacturers. The first part of this work aims to understand the influence of bottle inerting sequence, rate work and pressure of inert gas, on the amount of oxygen in the bottle before filling. The results indicate that the level of oxygen brought to the wine depends on the settings implying to adapt them specifically to each bottling setup. Once inerted, the bottles are filled and corked. The influence of the filling nozzle and of the inerting devices on the oxygen addition was studied. The amount of oxygen brought to the wine during bottling was significantly reduced by the use of inerting devices. The influence of the filling nozzle and the setting conditions used was also highlighted. Thus, good management of oxygen addition requires the mastery of the bottling chain.
Recent advances of the OIV working group on oenological tannins in the study of the functionalities of oenological tannins
Authors: Vignault A. , Pascual O. , Gombau J. , Jourdes M. , Moine V. , Canals J.M. , Teissedre P-L. , Zamora F.
Published: October 2019

This communication actualizes the status of the research of the OIV working group on oenological tannins with the purpose of deepening the knowledge of the mechanisms and functionalities of oenological tannins in winemaking. The obtained results confirm that oenological tannins really exert an effect as copigments and that they really protect the wine color against the negative effect of the enzyme laccase present in grapes affected by the infection of Botrytis cinerea.
“One-shot” analysis of wine parameters in non-Saccharomyces large-scale alcohol reduction processes with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Herbert-Pucheta J.E. , Pino-Villar C. , Rodríguez-González F. , Padilla-Maya G. , Milmo-Brittingham D. , Zepeda-Vallejo L.G.
Published: October 2019

Facing climate change in wine industry comprises the implementation of strategies, such as to reduce alcohol in wines, promoted by abnormal increment of sugar levels in wine grapes. The present work discusses the first industrial-scale use of specific yeast strains able to produce wine with reduced alcoholic concentration. Reduction of alcohol content and quantification of key metabolites associated to oenological practice and/or quality were simultaneously measured in a “one-shot” way with proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Novel relevant metabolites were revealed with the use of a two-dimensional 1H-13C HSQC multipresat correlation spectroscopy, whereas a detailed methodological NMR description is stressed, towards revealing novel resonances within the NMR signature. The use of multitask analytical methods to simultaneously describe alcohol reduction and NMR targeting, completes the portfolio of NMR solutions recently proposed to the World Organisation of Vine and Wine for as well quantify aging and varieties.
Recycling of PVPP used in the wine industry: An opportunity for obtaining reusable PVPP and bioactive phenolic compounds
Authors: Cosme F. , Ferreira S.S. , Alves A.S. , Filipe-Ribeiro L. , Nunes F.M.
Published: October 2019

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) is a synthetic water insoluble polymer produced by cross-linking of polyvinylpyrrilidone. It is used as a fining agent in the wine industry for removing low molecular weight phenolic compounds. There are no available data on the worldwide use of PVPP in the wine industry; nevertheless, its estimated use in Portugal in 2016 for white wine fining was nearly 147 tons. Used PVPP ends up on the municipal wastewater treatment plants, and as it contains significant quantities of adsorbed polyphenols it has a detrimental environmental impact. Recycling of PVPP for obtaining fully reusable PVPP and phenolic compounds for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry would increase the sustainability of its industrial use. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a simple, cheap and eco-friendly regeneration strategy for the re-use of PVPP and at the same time to obtain pure extracts of wine phenolic compounds in order to exploit new opportunities for recycling used PVPP. The performance of the recycled PVPP for white wine fining was the identical when compared to a new PVPP.
Study of the mortality mechanisms of yeasts in fermentation: Role of micronutrients limitations and nitrogen
Authors: Blondin B. , Duc C. , Noble J. , Pradal M. , Tesnière C.
Published: October 2019

Yeast cell death can occur during wine alcoholic fermentation and lead to sluggish or stuck fermentations. The mechanisms underlying cell death during yeast starvation in alcoholic fermentations remain unclear. In this work we addressed yeast cell death using conceptual framework from ageing studies showing that yeast resistance to starvation can be influenced by the nature of the nutrient limiting cell growth. We examined cell death occurrence considering yeast cells ability to elicit an appropriate response to a set of nutrient limitations. We show that several micronutrients limitations (oleic acid, ergosterol, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid) trigger cell death in a nitrogen-dependent manner. We provide evidence that the nitrogen Tor/Sch9 signaling pathway is involved in triggering cell death. In such conditions, yeast cells fail to acquire stress resistance given a restriction at a post-transcriptional level. We have examined the ability of different nitrogen sources to trigger cell death and show that they impact differentially on cell death and that NH4 +had a strong death inducing capacity. Finally, the QTLs approaches allowed the mapping of a set of loci controlling cell death under oleic acid and pantothenic acid starvation consistent with a multigenic control.
Precision enology in Tawny Port wine aging process: Monitoring barrel to barrel variation in oxygen, temperature and redox potential
Authors: Cosme F. , Morais R. , Peres E. , Cunha J.B. , Fraga I. , Milheiro J. , Filipe-Ribeiro L. , Mendes J. , Nunes F.M.
Published: October 2019

Tawny Port wine is a category of the famous Portuguese fortified wine commercialized worldwide and produced in the Douro Demarcated Region. Tawny Port wine oxidative aging is a multifactorial process critical for reaching the wanted quality. Real time monitoring of important intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are known to affect both time and quality of the aging process are important to optimize and to manage the natural variability between wines aged in different long-used wood barrels. This study presents the design, development and implementation of a remote distributed system to monitor parameters that are known to be critical for Tawny Port wine aging process. Results indicate that the distributed monitoring system was capable to detect differences between oak wood barrels and between the different storage conditions. Indeed, oxygen and redox potential were the wine's parameters where the differences found between different barrels were greater under the same storage conditions. Considering that Tawny Port wine aging process is oxidative, a variation in the wine's aging process between different wood barrels is to be expected. Actually, significant differences were detected in the oxygen consumption rate amongst the different barrels. Differences in the phenolic composition was also observed in the aged wine (controlled temperature and room temperature).
The oenological interest of fumaric acid: Stop malolactic fermentation and preserve the freshness of wines
Authors: Morata A. , Bañuelos M.A. , López C. , Chenli S. , Vejarano R. , Loira I. , Palomero F. , Lepe J.A.S.
Published: October 2019

One of the problems related to the increase in average temperatures in the wine-growing regions is the lower accumulation of organic acids in the berries. Wine freshness depends to a great extent on its acidity. Herein, the effectiveness of fumaric acid to inhibit malolactic fermentation or to stop it once initiated is evaluated in order to preserve the malic acid content. Different doses of fumaric acid and SO2were tested. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial development and stop the malic acid degradation was tested on a red wine of the varietyVitis viniferaL. cv. Tempranillo whose malic acid content was set at 1.5 g/L. The control wine inoculated with 6 log CFU/mL ofOenococcus oenifinished the malolactic fermentation in 12 days. However, the use of doses equal to or greater than 300 mg/L of fumaric acid delayed the onset of malolactic fermentation for more than 50 days with little degradation of malic acid. In addition, fumaric acid proved to be effective in stopping malolactic fermentation already started where the bacterial count was 7 log CFU/mL. Fumaric acid can be considered as a potent inhibitor of malolactic fermentation.
Efficient tartaric stabilisation of white wine with potassium polyaspartate
Authors: Eder R. , Willach M. , Strauss M. , Philipp C.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this work was to test the tartaric stabilising effect of potassium polyaspartate (KPA) in comparison to metatartaric acid and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Wines of the varieties Chardonnay and Rheinriesling (vintage 2017) were used, furthermore their instability was increased by addition of potassium and tartaric acid. The samples were stored at 2 ∘C and 20 ∘C and analyzed after 70, 120 and 175 days. Results showed that the non-stabilized wines exhibited significant precipitations of potassiumhydrogentartrate at both temperatures. The stabilizer CMC could not prevent precipitation in the base wines at 20 ∘C. For the enriched wines the stabilising effect of CMC was inadequate. Although metatartaric acid gave sufficient stabilization in most variants, in enriched Rheinriesling the stabilising effect lessened after prolonged storage at 2 ∘C and a tartaric precipitate was detected. Only the wines stabilized with potassium polyaspartate remained blank at all dates and variants and showed no loss of potassiumhydrogentartrate. Control of the residual levels of tartaric acid and potassium after storage confirmed these results. Therefore it can be stated that of the three stabilizers tested, only potassium polyaspartate, even at half the recommended application rate, prevented the precipitation of Weinstein in all variants and thus had the best tartaric stabilising effect.
Automatization of membrane contactors and applications for the management of dissolved gases in wines
Authors: Schonenberger P. , Ducruet J. , Pernet A. , Marsan F. , Bach B. , Passeraub P. , Zufferey D. , Vorlet O.
Published: October 2019

Over the last decade, several distinct research groups tested possible uses of membrane contactors for the wine industry, notably for the management of dissolved gases in wines, adjustment of the CO2 concentration while reducing the O2 concentration at the same time. Other experiments were done with partial alcohol reduction and addition of N2 to wines. The contactor's heart is its Liqui-Cel™ membrane where the two separate circuits meet. The membrane's hydrophobic characteristics allows a liquid to get in contact with a gas, without dispersing into it. The directions that these gases take through the membrane depend on their partial pressure differences within the two circuits. However, other factors need to be considered to determine exact exchange rates for each target gas. The present article describes the new membrane contactor prototype that was co-developed by the University of applied Sciences and Arts, Viticulture and Enology at Changins, Switzerland, and the School of Engineering and Architecture at Fribourg, Switzerland. The prototype was designed for small scale operations. Flow rates, temperatures and internal pressures can be instantly measured and graphically visualized. Also, O2 concentrations are measured inside the liquid. CO2 concentrations in the liquid can be measured with a device that is connected to the liquid circuit through a bypass after the membranes.
Du droit souple au droit dur : quel droit pour la qualité environnementale des vins sous indication géographique ?
Authors: Raffray R.
Published: October 2019

Le droit du vin accompagne la réception par la filière viticole des valeurs de la Responsabilité Sociale et Environnementale. Les producteurs de vin et les pouvoirs publics recherchent un modèle plus éthique, plus performant sur le plan environnemental, compatible avec le développement durable. Les instruments juridiques utilisés ont beaucoup évolué en vingt ans. Dans un premier temps, les producteurs ont eu recours à des instruments volontaires, non contraignants, caractéristiques du droit souple (chartes éthiques, certification biologique, normes ISO). Une nouvelle règlementation est apparue en droit français. La loi prévoit, d'ici 2030, une certification environnementale, rendue obligatoire par le cahier des charges, pour tout producteur viticole exploitant sous signe de qualité (Appellation d'Origine Protégée ; Indication Géographique Protégée). Ce passage du droit volontaire (souple) au droit imposé (droit dur) est significatif de l'évolution fondamentale de la notion de qualité viticole, qui intègre la qualité environnementale. La qualité environnementale enrichit la qualité liée à l'origine.
Value and protection of geographical indications by the Japanese Wine Law
Authors: Ebihara K. , Omura M.
Published: October 2019

Recently, Japanese wine law has changed dramatically. In October 2015, the definition of “Japan wine” and the labelling rules were introduced, and the registration guidelines for the geographical indication (GI) were formulated. Up to now, the Commissioner of the National Tax Agency has designated two wine GIs: “Yamanashi” and “Hokkaido”. However, it is not easy for Japanese consumers to understand the value and the role of GI. The National Tax Agency, prefectures, municipal authorities and winery associations organise from time to time promotional events of GI wines to spread the notion of GI. Even though the majority of “Japan wine”, including GI wine, is consumed in the internal market, it is necessary to protect the Japanese GIs in foreign countries. Due to the EU-Japan EPA that ensures the mutual protection of GIs, it is quite probable that the GI will play an important role in the export of Japanese wine, liquor and agricultural products.
Nutzung von Absatzkanälen für Wein – eine analyse aus Sicht deutscher Konsumenten
Authors: Szolnoki G.
Published: October 2019

Die Bedeutung von Wein für Einkaufsstätten ist seit langem bekannt. Dementsprechend wird Wein als Zugkraft angewendet, um Kunden anzuziehen und Konsumenten mit tollen Angeboten sowie einem breiten Sortiment an sich zu binden. In Deutschland, wo jährlich mehr als 20 Mio. hl Wein vermarktet werden, ist die Struktur und Wertschöpfung von Einkaufsstätten von großer Bedeutung. Für die Analyse der wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Einkaufsstätten wurden Daten einer Repräsentativbefragung von 2.000 Konsumenten herangezogen. Mithilfe eines entwickelten Modells konnten Eigenschaften wie Marktdurchdringung, Mengen- und Wertanteil errechnet werden. Einkaufstätten ohne Bedienungsservice machen mengenmäßig ca. 2/3 des Gesamtmarktes aus. Dies bedeutet, dass zwei von drei Flaschen im Handel über Discounter oder Supermärkte bzw. den Großhandel abgesetzt werden. Der Anteil von Fachgeschäften und Ab-Hof-Verkauf beläuft sich insgesamt auf 1/3 der vermarkteten Gesamtmenge. Aufgrund der hier ermittelten Mengen und Preise lässt sich ein Durchschnittspreis für den Gesamtweinmarkt in Deutschland von 4.99 € errechnen. Basierend auf den oben genannten Mengen und Werten wird der Gesamtumsatz von Stillwein im deutschen Handel auf 7.0 Mrd. €geschätzt. Da zu vermuten ist, dass Untergruppen wie Männer/Frauen und jüngere/ältere Konsumenten ihre Weine auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise beziehen, wurde auch segmentspezifisch analysiert, welche Untergruppen welche Einkaufsstätten für ihren Weinkauf präferieren.