bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery air embolism complicating a CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy
Authors: Deshmukh Ashwin , Kadavani Nirav , Kakkar Ritu , Desai Shrinivas , Bhat Ganapathi M
Published: April 2019

Coronary arterial air embolism is an extremely rare but readily recognizable condition on computed tomography (CT) that may complicate a lung biopsy. We present an incidence of symptomatic air embolism into the right coronary artery during a percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy that was successfully recognized during the procedure and managed accordingly. An active search for this complication should be made when the patient deteriorates on table and the usual complications (pneumothorax, vasovagal shock, etc.) are ruled out, as immediate resuscitative measures could be life-saving.
Safety and outcomes of pre-operative portal vein embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glue) in hepatobiliary malignancies: A single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Mukund Amar , Mondal Aniket , Patidar Yashwant , Kumar Senthil
Published: April 2019

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for change in future liver remnant (FLR) volume, biochemical changes, and procedure-related complications. The factors affecting FLR hypertrophy and the rate of resection was also evaluated for this cohort. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2017, PVE utilizing NBCA mixed with lipiodol (1:4) was performed using percutaneous approach in 28 patients with hepatobiliary malignancies with low FLR. All patients underwent volumetric computed tomography (CT) assessment before and at 3–5 weeks after PVE and total liver volume (TLV), FLR volume, and FLR/TLV ratio, changes in portal vein diameter and factors affecting FLR were evaluated. Complications and the resectability rate were recorded and analyzed. Result: PVE was successful in all 28 patients. The mean FLR increased by 52% ± 32% after PVE (P < 0.0001). The FLR/TLV ratio was increased by 14.2% ± 2.8% (P < 0.001). Two major complications were encountered without any impact on surgery. There was no significant change seen in liver function test and complete blood counts after PVE. Eighteen patients (64.28%) underwent hepatic resection without any liver failure, and only three patients developed major complication after surgery. Remaining ten patients did not undergo surgery because of extrahepatic metastasis detected either on follow-up imaging or staging laparotomy. Patients with diabetes showed a lower rate of hypertrophy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative PVE with NBCA is safe and effective for increasing FLR volume in patients of all age group and even in patients with an underlying liver parenchymal disease with hepatobiliary malignancy. Lesser hypertrophy was noted in patients with diabetes. A reasonable resectability was achieved despite having a high rejection in gall bladder cancer subgroup due to rapid disease progression.
Determinación del Índice de Riesgo País en Nicaragua para el período 2014-2017 y su perspectiva para el año 2018.
Authors: Flores Leonel Antonio
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo pretende determinar el índice el riesgo país para Nicaragua en el período de 2014-2017, y también, realizar su proyección para el año 2018, con base a supuestos que se aclaran en el desarrollo del escrito. El cálculo se realizó mediante La Guía Internacional de Riesgo País (Por sus siglas en inglés “ICRG”). Dicha guía, está compuesta por 22 variables ordenadas en tres subcategorías de riesgos; económico, financiero y político, para la implementación adecuada en el caso de Nicaragua, se adecuaron algunas variables para la efectiva implementación. Al analizar cada una de estas subcategorías, quedo determinado que en Nicaragua el índice de Riesgo País, en los últimos cuatro años a mostrado una mejora continua y estable. Esto queda comprobado al pasar de riesgo moderado a riesgo bajo para el año 2017, sin embargo, se muestra un deterioro para el periodo 2018, en donde disminuye hasta riesgo alto, como consecuencia del deterioro de la economía y la crisis social
El papel empresarial del productor rural, una conceptualización pendiente.
Authors: Amaya Ana Lissette
Published: April 2019

Se presenta una breve discusión conceptual y el papel que el uso de estas categorías ha tenido sobre el proceso de desarrollo rural impulsado en distintos momentos en el país.

El artículo aborda sobre  las distintas apreciaciones y concepciones que existen en relación a la función productiva y empresarial desarrollada por  el productor rural. Planteando la necesidad de contar con una conceptualización clara y precisa en relación a estos dos términos y su uso para la focalización de actores territoriales sujetos de incidencia en las políticas nacionales. Se plantea así, una breve inmersión a la temática y la importancia que la misma tiene para mejorar la pertinencia de los acompañamientos desarrollados en los territorios rurales. Para  ello, se relacionan  tres niveles de análisis, primero el ámbito estatal (con las respectivas definiciones de actores rurales y sus políticas de incidencia, sus aspectos normativos), segundo, el ámbito organizacional (como entes privados o públicos,) su concepción del productor rural y su accionar a través de distintas iniciativas. El tercero se vincula al ámbito local, donde se pretende conocer  los posibles vínculos desarrollados en el tejido social (parentescos, redes de apoyo y otros) que pudiesen explicar la dinámica desarrollada por estos grupos en relación a la actividad productiva analizada y la generación de procesos de aprendizaje.
Mercado internacional para frutas deshidratadas, oportunidades, limitaciones de acceso, normas y requisitos de exportación
Authors: López Acevedo Jefry Joel
Published: April 2019

En el mercado internacional se analizó los principales países socios comerciales de Nicaragua la mayor demanda se da en la Unión Europea representando el 98% de exportaciones, observando que el coco presento mayor volumen de exportación pero tiene el precio más bajo mientras el plátano seco es el producto mejor pagado con una tasa de crecimiento en el precio del 11% anual. Al exportar frutas deshidratadas se deben cumplir con una series de requisitos y normas sanitarias,  fitosanitarias y de medio ambiente, el cual es emitido  por medio de instituciones del estado. Al penetrar al mercado se debe enfrentar con restricciones y factores críticos. En los resultados obtenidos se determinó que si es viable comercializar al mercado  internacional
Performability of Retransmission of Loss Packets in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Umoren Imeh , Asuquo Daniel , Gilean Onukwugha , Esang Mfon
Published: April 2019

Latest progress in wireless communication technology has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks with major concern on quality of service (QoS) provisioning. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be adopted in various application domains but each use is likely to pose peculiar technical issues. Basically, we demonstrate that congestion, packet loss and delay have strong influence on the performance of WSNs. In order to implement a realistic sensor network policy to resolve the problem of data delay and avoidance of collisions that lead to packet losses, we develop a system that guarantees QoS in WSNs using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for sensitivity analysis of the effect of adaptive forward error correction (AFEC). The AFEC approach improves the throughput by dynamically tuning FEC subject to the nature of wireless channel loss thereby optimizing throughput, sensor power utilization, while minimizing traffic retransmission, bit error rate (BER), and energy consumption. Basically, parameters such as packet delivery ratio, packet loss, delay, error rate, and throughput are appraised. The system has a spread procedure which is able to schedule the transmission of the nodes in order to have a data flow that converges from the furthest nodes toward the fusion centre. The key benefit of the scenario showed that, after extensive simulation using realistic field data, the procedure permits a practical approach to obtaining optimal solution to loss packets retransmission problem in WSNs giving a strong improvement on QoS provisioning.
Exposure to pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis expressed by diurnal variation of airborne tree pollen in urban and rural area
Authors: Lipiec Agnieszka , Puc Małgorzata , Kruczek Aleksandra
Published: April 2019

Exposure to airborne pollen allergens results in allergic symptoms in subjects who are sensitized. The paper presents diurnal variation in the counts of airborne allergenic pollen of selected trees (Betula L., Alnus Mill., Corylus L., Fagus L. and Ulmus L.) in two localities differing in the degree of urbanization: the city of Szczecin (urban) and the village of Gudowo, West Pomerania in northwest Poland (rural) in the years 2012–2014. The measurements were made by the volumetric method using a Burkardtype sampler operating in a continuous mode. The greatest similarities in the beginning of the main pollen season between the two sites studied were observed for birch and elm trees, while in the length of the main pollen season, for birch and alder trees. Pollen counts of alder and hazel reached higher levels in the rural area, while the levels of ash tree pollen counts were higher in the urban area. The level of birch tree pollen counts was similar in the two sites studied. For the majority of taxons observed in the urban and rural areas the dynamics of hourly changes in tree pollen counts were similar. The pollination peak was noted in the daytime, usually in the afternoon. For ash and elm trees increased pollen counts were observed at nighttime, while the birch tree pollen counts were at a high level for most of the 24 h cycle. The knowledge of seasonal and diurnal variations in tree pollen counts is crucial for prevention in patients with allergic rhinitis, sensitized to tree pollen allergens.
Assessment of surgical treatment of Eagle’s syndrome
Authors: Czajka Marcin , Szuta Mariusz , Zapała Jan , Janecka Iga
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with Eagle's syndrome, taking into account both early and late results. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 15 patients who underwent resection of the styloid process due to Eagle syndrome in the period of 2005-2017. During the follow-up visit, the patients were asked to fill in a post-operative questionnaire that compared the pre-operative symptoms and their severity with the patients' current health condition. The VAS pain scale was used to assess each symptom, and the Laitinen scale was used to assess the quality of life. Data from patients' medical records were also included. The results of the surveys were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The study showed that in 11 out of 15 cases there was a significant improvement in the level of pain (70.5% on average) and an improvement in quality of life (on average 65%) comparing to the pre-operative condition. The Wilcoxon test for binding pairs, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used in the statistical analysis. There were statistically significant correlations between the recorded improvement rate and the length of the resected styloid process and its setting. Discussion: The study proved that resection of prolonged styloid process from extraoral approach in most cases is an effective method of treatment of Eagle syndrome, that carries low risk of complications.
The usefulness of the acoustic and the capacity analysis of singing voice
Authors: Nowosielska-Grygiel Joanna , Olszewski Jurek
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the acoustic and capacity analysis of singing voice using DiagnoScope Specialist software.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in 120 adults subjects, including 74 women and 46 men aged 21-5, were divided into 3 groups: I -40 subjects (treatment group) – professional vocalists, II- 40 subjects (treatment group) – semiprofessional vocalists, III- 40 subjects (control group) – students of The Military Medical Faculty at Medical University of Lodz – nonsingers. The research methodology included: primary medical history, physical examination (otolaryngological), vdeolaryngoscopic examination, the GRBAS scale for subjective voice evaluation, diagnostic voice acoustic and capacity analysis using DiagnoScope Specialist software, survey on lifestyle patterns which may affect voice quality.
Results: Average value of the fundamental frequency F0 was the highest in professional vocalists’ group was 316,46 Hz in women and 165,09 Hz in men, in semiprofessional vocalists’ group was accordingly 260,50 Hz and 149,26 Hz, in nonsingers’ group was accordingly 261,23 Hz and 159, 27 Hz. Average value of Jitter parameter in professional vocalists’ group was 0,30% in women and 0,54% in men, in semiprofessional vocalists’ group was accordingly 0,31% and 0,57%, in nonsingers’ group was 0,31% and 0,56%. Average value of Shimmer parameter in professional vocalists’ group was 3,27% in women and 3,75% in men, in semiprofessional vocalists’ group was accordingly 3,46% and 3,77%, in nonsingers’ group was 4,33% and 4,39%. Average value of NHR index in professional vocalists’ group was 3,28% in women and 6,00% in men, in semiprofessional vocalists’ group was accordingly 3,23% and 6,72%, in nonsingers’ group was 3,89% and 6,13%.
Conclusions: Values of the parameters which are measuring the character of the voice, relative period-to-period fundamental frequency perturbations, relative period-to-period amplitude perturbation and level of buzzing together with other methods have diagnostic and predictive value in early detection of voice disorders. Capacity analysis in singing voice showed very low values of the following parameters: phonation time, true phonation time, no phonation coefficient, voice efficiency coefficient and voice capacity.
Key words: The acoustic and capacity analysis, singing voice
Wnioski płynące z I Międzynarodowej Konferencji Pracy Socjalnej
Authors: Kuilema Joseph
Published: April 2019

W artykule została omówiona I Międzynarodowa Konferencja Pracy Socjalnej, która odbyła się w Paryżu w 1928 roku. Oprócz nakreślenia rysu historycznego wydarzenia, autor poddaje analizie pięć zagadnień podejmowanych w trakcie konferencji, tj.: współpracę interdyscyplinarną, działalność międzynarodową z poszanowaniem tożsamości narodowej, podnoszenie poziomu profesjonalizmu w zakresie kształcenia wykwalifikowanej kadry pracowników socjalnych, nawiązywanie kontaktów, jak również dostrzegalną potrzebę pilnego podjęcia działań oraz optymizm, z jakim uczestnicy wydarzenia spoglądali w przyszłość. Artykuł zawiera również krótką analizę współcześnie podejmowanych międzynarodowych wysiłków w obszarze pracy socjalnej.
Kodeks etyczny pracownika socjalnego. Między moralnością a instytucjonalnością
Authors: Wplman Wiktor
Published: April 2019

Artykuł dotyczy analizy współczesnych kodeksów etyczny w pracy socjalnej z dwóch perspektyw. Pierwszą jest jego aksjologiczne uzasadnienie i osadzenie go w określonej koncepcji etyki ogólnej. W drugiej, pragmatycznej, ukazuje się kodeks jako zbiór zasad moralnych, które reprezentują fundamentalne wartości dla tej profesji.
Artykuł nie stanowi próby holistycznego zebrania argumentów zwolenników i przeciwników tworzenia kodeksów. Także nie jest on próbą obrony lub podważenia sensu istnienia współczesnych kodeksów. Jest on jedynie refleksją nad ich kondycją, formą i głównymi założeniami.
Librarians as faculty developers: Leading educational development initiatives
Authors: Handler Katelyn , Hays Lauren
Published: April 2019

Faculty development might not immediately spring to mind as a role for librarians. It’s not something that we’re taught how to do in graduate school, and it’s easy enough to be swallowed up by all of the traditional day-to-day demands of academic librarianship. However, we have had the opportunity to work with and alongside faculty development departments at our institutions. From this work, we realized how much we enjoy it and how well it fits with many of the things we already do as librarians. It is our hope that other librarians will start to see connections between the work of librarians and the work of faculty developers, and be more willing to pursue this as a part of their larger presence at their institutions.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: April 2019

Unwanted robocallsLibrary acquisition patternsLibrary publishingPostsecondary enrollmentEnglish-taught bachelor’s programs in Europe
The association between number magnitude and space is dependent on notation: Evidence from an adaptive perceptual orientation task
Authors: Gong Tianwei , Li Baichen , Teng Limei , Zhou Zijun , Gao Xuefei , Jiang Ting
Published: April 2019

Research on adults' numerical abilities suggests that number representations are spatially oriented. This association of numbers with spatial response is referred to as the SNARC (i.e., spatial–numerical association of response codes) effect. The notation-independence hypothesis of numeric processing predicts that the SNARC effect will not vary with notation (e.g., Arabic vs. number word). To test such assumption, the current study introduced an adaptive experimental procedure based on a simple perceptual orientation task that can automatically smooth out the mean reaction time difference between Arabic digits and traditional Chinese number. We found that the SNARC effect interacted with notation, showing a SNARC effect for Arabic digits, but not for verbal number words. The results of this study challenged the commonly held view that notation does not affect numerical processes associated with spatial representations. We introduced a parallel model to explain the notation-dependent SNARC effect in the perceptual orientation judgment task.
Impairment of non-symbolic number processing in children with mathematical learning disability
Authors: Lafay Anne , St-Pierre Marie-Catherine , Macoir Joël
Published: April 2019

The functional origin of Mathematical Learning Disability (MLD), an impairment affecting mathematics learning, remains controversial. We aimed to study the number sense deficit hypothesis in children with MLD. We explored the processing of non-symbolic numbers in Quebec French-speaking 8‒9-year-old children with three non-symbolic tasks (number comparison, number matching and dot set selection task). Results showed that children with MLD were as successful as typically developing children in a comparison task, but less successful in a matching task. Their performance in numerical re-production was also similar to that of typically developing children for large (10-99) numerosities, while they were less successful in transcoding small (1-4) and medium (5-9) numerosities. Children with MLD also presented with general cognitive and reading difficulties. Results suggest a deficit in processing small and medium numerosities in children with MLD that could be largely attributed to their poorer cognitive skills.
Impacto económico de los asistentes a la Universiada de Invierno del 2015 en la ciudad de Granada
Authors: Roca-Cruz A. , González-Ruiz J. , Porcel-Rodríguez P. , Cabello-Manrique D.
Published: April 2019

Los mega-eventos deportivos crean una nueva imagen del país anfitrión, atrae a espectadores y a los medios de comunicación (Santo, 2005; Cornelissen y Swart, 2006). El impacto económico de un evento puede definirse como el cambio económico neto en el país anfitrión que deriva del gasto atribuido al evento (Crompton, 1995). Ya que uno de los beneficios más importantes son los beneficios permanentes en la ciudad (Witt, 1988) como la mejora de las instalaciones o la imagen del país. En relación al turismo de un gran evento hay un moderado incremento del turismo interno de negocios en una ciudad durante el desarrollo del evento (OECD, 2012). Por lo tanto, la ciudad aumenta su potencial de inversión y actividad comercial (Avison Young, 2003) El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto económico generado por los asistentes en la ciudad de Granada durante la Universiada Granada 2015.

Mega-sport events create a new image of the host country, attracting viewers and the media (Santo, 2005; Cornelissen and Swart, 2006). The economic impact of an event can be defined as the net economic change in the host country that derives from the expenditure attributed to the event (Crompton, 1995). Since one of the most important benefits are the permanent benefits in the city (Witt, 1988) as the improvement of the facilities or the image of the country. In relation to the tourism of a big event there is a moderate increase of the internal business tourism in a city during the development of the event (OECD, 2012). Thus, the city increases its investment potential and commercial activity (Avison Young, 2003). The objective of the present study was to analyze the economic impact generated by the attendees in the city of Granada during the Universiade Granada 2015.
Clima motivacional en deportistas en función de la modalidad deportiva
Authors: Castro-Sánchez M. , Zurita-Ortega F. , Chacón-Cuberos R.
Published: April 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el clima motivacional de deportistas de diferentes modalidades deportivas en función del sexo, en una muestra compuesta por un total de 372 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre los  18 y 50 años, evaluados mediante el cuestionario de Clima Motivacional (PMCQS-2) y una hoja de auto registro que midió las variables sexo y modalidad deportiva practicada. Los resultados indican que los individuos analizados se orientan en su mayoría hacia a la tarea, encontrando una mayor orientación al ego en hombres que en mujeres. Los sujetos analizados que practican la modalidad de deporte individual con contacto son los que obtienen puntuaciones más elevadas en clima ego. El estudio revela la importancia de trabajar la motivación autodeterminada en los deportistas, como un medio para centrarse en el esfuerzo y la superación personal.

The objective of this research is to analyze the motivational climate of athletes of different sports according to gender, in a sample composed of a total of 372 subjects between the ages of 18 and 50, evaluated through the Motivational Climate Questionnaire (PMCQS - 2) and a self-registration sheet that measured the variables sex and practical sports modality. The results indicate that the individuals analyzed are mostly oriented towards the task, finding a greater orientation to the ego in men than in women. The analyzed subjects who practice the modality of individual sports with contact are the ones that obtain the highest results in the ego climate. The study reveals the importance of working self-determined motivation in athletes, as a means to focus on effort and personal improvement.
La influencia y actuación de los padres en el fútbol cadete
Authors: Pulido Salas D. , Borrás Rotger P. A. , Ponseti Verdaguer F. J.
Published: April 2019

En esta investigación se analiza la influencia y la actuación de los padres de futbolistas pertenecientes a la categoría cadete 2ª regional de las Islas Baleares. El estudio se centra en los comportamientos de gestión, presión, apoyo, comprensión y la participación activa de los padres en las actividades deportivas de sus hijos. Los participantes fueron 102 progenitores (63 padres y 39 madres), quienes participaron voluntariamente en el estudio rellenando el cuestionario Análisis del Comportamiento y Actuación de Padres y Madres en el Deporte (ACAPMD) durante la temporada 2016-2017. Además, un total de 176 jugadores completaron el cuestionario Parental Involvement Sports Questionnaire (PISQ). Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas entre los datos obtenidos por padres y madres. También, señalan que los padres muestran niveles elevados de implicación con el deporte de sus hijos y se muestran interesados en mantener una buena relación paterno-filial. En cambio, no se posicionan a favor de las intervenciones de los padres desde la grada en los partidos de sus hijos.

In this investigation is analysed the influence and the conduct carried out by footballers’ parents who belong to 2nd category of U15’s league in the Balearic Islands. This study is focused on management behaviours, pressure, support, comprehension and parents’ active participation. The participants were 102 parents (63 fathers and 39 mothers) who participated voluntarily with the study during the 2016-2017 season filling up the questionnaire Análisis del Comportamiento y Actuación de Padres y Madres en el Deporte (ACAPMD). Furthermore, 176 young footballers filled up the questionnaire Parental Involvement Sports Questionnaire (PISQ). The results show that, firstly, doesn’t exist significant differences between obtained data by fathers and mothers. Results also point that parents have high implication levels about their children’s sport. Furthermore, parents are interested into keep a nice parent-child relationship and they value positively their sons’ sportive schools. On the other hand, parents don’t agree with spectators’ interventions from the grandstands in their children’s matches.
Efectos de un programa de actividad física vigorosa en la tensión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca de escolares de 8-9 años
Authors: López Sánchez G. F. , Ibáñez Ortega E. J. , Díaz Suárez A.
Published: April 2019

En la actualidad, las investigaciones encaminadas a mejorar la salud cardiovascular de las personas son de suma importancia. Objetivo: Este artículo se centra en estudiar los efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la tensión arterial (TA) y frecuencia cardiaca (FC) de un grupo de escolares. Métodos: Participaron 41 escolares (19 niños y 22 niñas), entre los 8 y los 9 años de edad (media de edad 8,49 y DE 0,51). Las variables estudiadas fueron: tensión arterial (sistólica y diastólica) y frecuencia cardiaca en reposo. La tensión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca se midieron con el tensiómetro de brazo Visomat Comfort 20/40. El procedimiento ha sido: pre-test, intervención y pos-test. La intervención ha consistido en 3 días a la semana de actividad física de alta intensidad, 15 minutos al día, durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Se ha realizado un análisis de datos por medio del SPSS 22 y se han obtenido mejoras significativas en la tensión arterial sistólica y la frecuencia cardiaca (Sig. p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El programa de actividad física empleado en este estudio puede ser de utilidad para mejorar la tensión arterial sistólica y la frecuencia cardiaca de escolares de 8-9 años.

Nowadays, research aimed at improving the cardiovascular health of people is of the utmost importance. Objective: This paper focuses on studying the effects of a vigorous-intensity physical activity program on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of a group of school children. Methods: This investigation involved 41 children (19 boys and 22 girls), aged between 8 and 9 years (average age=8.49 and standard deviation=0.51). The variables considered were: blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and resting heart rate. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by arm sphygmomanometer Visomat Comfort 20/40. The procedure was as follows: pre-test, intervention and post-test. The intervention consisted of 3 days per week of high-intensity physical activity, 15 minutes per day, during 12 weeks. Results: Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and significant improvements were obtained in systolic blood pressure and heart rate (Sig p < 0.05). Conclusions: The physical activity program implemented in this study may be useful to improve systolic blood pressure and heart rate in 8- and 9-year-old school children.
El efecto de la terapia acuática en el plasma y la interleucina-12 y 17 en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple
Authors: Nejatpour S. , Fathei M. , Yaghoubi A.
Published: April 2019

Las citocinas como la interleucina-12 (IL-12) y la interleucina-17 (IL-17) influyen en la función del sistema inmune y los diferentes tejidos, siendo estudiadas debido al papel que desempeñan en la Esclerosis Múltiple (EM). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la terapia acuática en la IL-12 y la IL-17 en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Participaron 25 hombres con esclerosis múltiple, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos: ejercicio y control. Se tomó una muestra de sangre antes y después de la intervención. El grupo de ejercicio llevó a cabo tres sesiones por semana durante ocho semanas. Las partes inicial y final de cada sesión incluyeron calentamiento y vuelta a la calma, llevadas a cabo en zonas poco profundas. Las actividades fueron diseñadas y llevadas a cabo por un investigador bajo la supervisión de un fisiólogo deportivo y un neurólogo experimentado. Durante las sesiones de entrenamiento, se dedicaban los primeros 10 minutos al calentamiento y los últimos 5 minutos a la vuelta a la calma. La intensidad del ejercicio fue aproximadamente del 75% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima. Los datos demostraron que tanto IL-12 como IL-17 disminuyeron significativamente entre el pre-test y el post-test. Por tanto, se concluye que la terapia acuática puede reducir los factores de riesgo con respecto a la esclerosis múltiple, incluidas la IL-12 y la IL-17.

Cytokines such as Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and Interleukin 17(IL-17) influence the function of the immune system and different tissues and are studied due to the role they play in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqua-therapy on plasma IL-12 and IL-17 in patients with MS. 25 men with MS were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Blood sample was taken before and after the intervention protocol. The exercise group carried out three exercise sessions per week during eight weeks. The beginning and final parts of each session included warming up and cool down, and were carried out in shallow areas. These activities were designed and implemented by a researcher under the supervision of a sports physiologist and an experienced neurologist. During the training sessions, the first 10 minutes were for warming up, and the last 5 minutes of training were for cool down. Exercise intensity was approximately 75% of heart rate reserve. The data demonstrated that both IL-12 and IL-17 decreased significantly from pre-test to post-test in the exercise group. We conclude that aqua-training may reduce risk factors regarding multiple sclerosis, including IL-12 and IL-17.
Diseño de un modelo de ventaja competitiva para los clubs de fútbol de Irán basado en la reputación de los equipos
Authors: Deheshti M. , Morteza Azimzadeh S. , Mirza Zadeh Z. S. , Alimohammadi H.
Published: April 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar un modelo de ventaja competitiva para los clubs de fútbol iraníes basado en la reputación de los equipos. Para explorar los componentes del modelo, se realizaron dos rondas de Fuzzy Delphi por medio de un cuestionario semiabierto elaborado por el equipo investigador. Los resultados del análisis de datos de las dos rondas Fuzzy Delphi indicaron que, en opinión de los expertos, los componentes más importantes de la reputación del club eran las relaciones públicas (medios y relaciones sociales), la identidad e imagen de marca del club, el rendimiento, la tradición, la responsabilidad social, la orientación de los fans, la calidad de la gestión y la salud financiera del equipo o club de fútbol en cuestión. ventaja competitiva a través de la satisfacción de los aficionados. Además, la ventaja competitiva más importante basada en la reputación del equipo, según los expertos, incluye los componentes de eficiencia, receptividad, innovación, calidad y lealtad de los fans. El modelo también demostró que la reputación del club generará una ventaja competitiva a través de la satisfacción de los fans.

The objective of the present study was to design a competitive advantage model for Iranian football clubs based on teams’ reputation. In order to explore the components of the model, two rounds of Fuzzy Delphi staged by a half-open researcher-made questionnaire. The results of data analysis of two Fuzzy Delphi rounds indicated that, in the experts’ views, the most important components of club reputation were public relations (media and social relations), identity and brand image of the club, performance, tradition, social responsibility, fan orientation, quality of management and financial health of the team or football club. Furthermore, the most important competitive advantage based on team reputation in terms of experts includes the components of efficiency, responsiveness, innovation, quality and loyalty of fans. The model also demonstrated that the club reputation will lead to a competitive advantage through the fans’ satisfaction.
El pago por méritos en los derechos audiovisuales del fútbol español: ¿debemos primar el espectáculo (goles) o la clasificación?
Authors: Pinilla J. , Negrín M. A. , González-Martel C.
Published: April 2019

En los últimos años el consumo de eventos futbolísticos a través de los medios audiovisuales está superando los mercados nacionales para globalizarse. La sostenibilidad económica de los clubes de fútbol depende cada vez más de la difusión masiva en medios audiovisuales y de su capacidad para mantenerse como un producto atractivo, competitivo y socialmente relevante. En la actualidad en muchas ligas europeas, entre ellas la española, el lugar que ocupa un equipo al final del campeonato repercute en los ingresos por televisión, en los cinco años siguientes, recibidos por la venta conjunta de los derechos de audiovisuales, es el conocido como pago por mérito. Sin embargo, la clasificación no tiene por qué estar relacionada con el espectáculo que ofrece un equipo en el campo, y por tanto con las posibilidades comerciales de sus partidos en países donde el fútbol está buscando su lugar como deporte espectáculo.

In recent years the consumption of football events through audiovisual media has transcend national borders to globalize. The economic sustainability of the football clubs increasingly depends on media diffusion and their capacity to remain as an attractive, competitive and socially relevant product. Currently, in many European football leagues, including the Spanish “La Liga”, the club’s final position within the league table has a direct impact on the next five years’ revenues from TV broadcasting as a result of the joint selling of football broadcasting rights. This is commonly known as merit payment. However, the league table position does not have to be related to the quality of the match or the level of entertainment offered by the football team in the field, and therefore with the commercial possibilities of their matches in countries where football is not yet conceived as a sport of entertainment.
Investigación de mercados de un instrumento de análisis articular: un caso práctico
Authors: Tortosa Tarancón A.
Published: April 2019

El proceso de lanzamiento de nuevos productos debe estar basado en datos del mercado que permitan realizar una estrategia de entrada y comunicación que permita minimizar al máximo la incertidumbre. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una investigación de mercados para establecer una estrategia de ventas y comunicación adecuada para un instrumento de análisis del tobillo. Para ello se administró un cuestionario a 138 deportistas y 130 fisioterapeutas. Los resultados sugieren realizar una estrategia de comunicación centrada en un modelo push y una estrategia de ventas concentrada, sin necesidad de segmentación por disponibilidad de pago por el producto o edad. Por lo que podemos concluir que esta investigación de mercados tuvo el resultado esperado, y ayudó a crear estrategias de marketing centradas en el encaje producto-cliente.

The launch of new products process must be based on market data that let make an entrance and communication strategy that will make decrease uncertainty. The main objective of this market research is to establish a suitable sales and communication strategy for an ankle analysis instrument. To reach the objective, a questionnaire was administered to 138 athletes and 130 physiotherapist. The results support a communication strategy based in a push model and a focused sales model, without necessity of segmentation by pay availability or age. We can conclude that this market research had the result expected, and helped to the creation of the right marketing strategies focused on the product-market fit.
When the Music Stops
Authors: Hopgood Stephen
Published: April 2019

The modern global humanitarian system takes the form it does because it is underpinned by
liberal world order. Now the viability of global liberal institutions is increasingly in doubt,
a backlash against humanitarianism (and human rights) has gained momentum. I will argue that
without liberal world order, global humanitarianism as we currently understand it is
impossible, confronting humanitarians with an existential choice: how might they function in a
world which doesn’t have liberal institutions at its core? The version of global
humanitarianism with which we are familiar might not survive this transition, but maybe other
forms of humanitarian action will emerge. What comes next might not meet the hopes of
today’s humanitarians, however. The humanitarian alliance with liberalism is no
accident, and if the world is less liberal, its version of humanitarian action is likely to be
less liberal too. Nevertheless, humanitarianism will fare better than its humanist twin, human
rights, in this new world.
Database Classification of MPEG7 Shape Using Rotation Moments and Generated Stationary Transformed Features
Authors: Kalami Arash , Sedghi Tohid
Published: April 2019

After the main trellis processing, the final score will contain all matching information. The graph matching shape classification is also used, where the Extracted Stationary Transformed Features is used to describe the Gabor graph for signal Rotation Invariant Moments object. The difference between our work and theirs is that we use feature point’s as graph node values and they use Shape Database Classification Gabor jet. Another difference is that and they didn’t use to do the graph matching.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Gills, Bones and Muscles of Fishes from Crude Oil Polluted Water of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikue G. S. , Monanu M. O. , Nwachukwu N.
Published: April 2019

This study was carried out to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, zinc, manganese, lead and iron) in organs (gills, bone and muscle) of Iutjanus campechanus and Chrysichthys nigrodidatatus from Gokhana, and Khana local government areas in River State, Nigeria were investigated.

This heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result show that Iron was significantly more abundant in the gills, bone and muscle tissue than other element with mean concentration of 144-144.58 mg/kg in the gills, 18.19-39.77 mg/kg in the bone and 5.47-21.50 mg/kg in the muscle of both catfish and red snapper in Kaa while in bodo-city the concentration varies from 189-238 mg/kg in the gills, 42.16-45.39 mg/kg in the bone and 11.74-43.84 mg/kg in the muscle of both fishes respectively. Maximum concentration of Zinc was recorded in gills from Bodo-city for both fishes and minimum value was recorded in the muscle of both fish species in Kaa. High level of chromium, manganese and lead were recorded in bone of both species while the least concentration of all elements was recorded in the muscle of catfish and red snapper. It was observed that the level of metals in all organs were high except for chromium in the muscle which was lower than the permissible limits for human consumption designated by the USEPA, WHO, FAO. The result revealed that the distribution of the heavy metals follow the order Fe>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cd>Cr for Chrysichthys nigrodidatatus and Fe>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cd>Cr for Iutjanus campechanus while the distribution in the organs follow the other Gills>bone>muscle for both fish spices in Kaa and Bodo-City respectively. This reveal the health effect the people in the study area could be exposed to by the consumption of the muscle of catfish and red snapper which have high levels of these metals. Measures need to be taken as the level of Heavy metals detected in organs from the two site posed serious threat to the populace that feed on them.
Agro-morphological Variation in 71 Traditional Rice Cultivars in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranawake A. L. , Hewage M. J. , Pradeepika N. G. J. , Jayasinghe G. W. D. K.
Published: April 2019

Traditional rice cultivars in Sri Lanka have diverse characteristics that prove the excellent potential for utilizing them for varietal improvement. Seventy-one Sri Lankan traditional rice cultivars obtained from Plant Genetic Resources Center, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka were used for diversity analysis. Data were collected in the middle-row-plants of each replicate and altogether 80 plants were evaluated in four replicates of each cultivar. Data were collected on 11 parameters in two consecutive Maha seasons in 2012-2014. According to the standard evaluation system of international rice research institute, 67% rice cultivars were tall, and 66% were low tillering. There was no any rice cultivar with high and good reproductive tillers/plant. Around 55% rice cultivars were partially sterile and 43% were fertile. The shortest days to maturity was recorded in Gonabaru (62 days) and the longest days to maturity was recorded in Vellainellu (105 days).

The variation of agro-morphological characteristics was broad in studied rice cultivars: The recorded highest yield was 22.74 g/plant while the lowest was 1.55 g/plant. The hundred-grain-weight ranged from 3.49-1.27 g and the plant height ranged from 95-192 cm. The recorded highest number of total tillers per plant was 10 and the lowest was 3. Panicle length and panicle weight were ranged from 13-32 cm and 0.36-4.69 g consecutively. The smallest grains were in Herath and the largest grains were in Mudaliwi. The heaviest above ground biomass was achieved by Kallurundoivellai and its harvest index was the least (0.09). The highest filled grain percentage (91.48%) was recorded by Galpa Wee.

The correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant was significantly correlated with panicle weight, the total number of spikelets/panicle and number of fertile spikelets/panicle. There was no correlation between panicle length and the final yield of rice though panicle length was correlated with plant height and panicle weight. Total number of spikelets/panicle, the number of fertile spikelets/panicle, and plant height were significantly correlated with panicle weight. None of the parameters were correlated with hundred grain weight. Total biomass was correlated with plant height, the total number of spikelets, and fertile spikelets per panicle. There was no significant correlation between the biomass of rice with the final yield, however, a number of fertile tillers were correlated with a number of total tillers.

Eleven parameters were sorted into four principal components that explained 87.44% of total variance and cluster analysis categorized the rice cultivars into six clusters at rescaled cluster distance 10 in Ward's linkage analysis.
Bordetella pertussis: Vaccine Coverage and Immune Status among Children Under Five Years Old in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Mahuob Al-Wafi Hana Hassan
Published: April 2019

Aims: This study was made to evaluate the immune response to pertussis among children under five years old by measuring the level of circulating Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) after immunization with the primary series of DPT (DPT1-3) and then determining the coverage rates of universal childhood vaccines.

Study Design: Cross-sectional laboratory study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, between June and October 2010.

Methodology: A total of 345 children were randomly selected and investigated for universal childhood vaccination coverage rates; of these, 273 children who had received 3 full doses of DPT were studied for their pertussis immunological status. Blood samples were collected from the latter group and then tested for levels of IgG-PT by ELISA method. For assessment IgG-PT levels more than 24 units/ml were considered protected against pertussis. Data were analyzed according to gender and age groups.

Results: The coverage rate of pertussis vaccine was 79.1%; only 71.4% of vaccinated children responded to the vaccine with mean level of 33 U/ml. A statistically significant difference was observed with respect to sero-protective IgG-PT between males and females (63.8% and 84.8% respectively, with χ2 =15, p=0.0001). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed with respect to sero-protective IgG-PT in different age groups,  with older children (>48 months) having a higher rate of antibodies than younger (13-24 months) (90% and 59.1% respectively, with χ2 =3.87, p=.04).

Conclusion: We conclude that a considerable proportion of vaccinated children with a normal immune status were not serologically immune to pertussis. They remain to be reconsidered for either revaccination or booster doses due to lack of or inadequate response. Also, the rates of vaccine coverage for the main universal childhood vaccines are low.
Transarterial Embolization for Renal Hemorrhage after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Habib Mohammed , Hillis Mohammed , Shunnat Majed , Matar Mohammed
Published: April 2019

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) is a safe and effective treatment modality for the management of renal stones. This technique is associated with high success rates and few complications. The most important complication is hemorrhage. Delayed hemorrhage following PNL is rare complication and usually occurs due to development of the pseudoaneurysm or Arteriovenous fistula which can be successfully managed with arterial embolization. Here we are reporting a case of delayed post-PNL bleeding that occurred in a 41-year-old male operated on for renal stone. Multi Detector Computed Tomography scan revealed a presence of the pseudoaneurysm and Arteriovenous fistula in the inferior segmental branch of the left renal artery, which was successfully managed with amplatzer vascular plug.