bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Obat Sakit Gigi Menggunakan Metode MOORA
Authors: Simargolang Muhammad Yasin , Hasibuan Anisha Fhuza , Siregar Diana Asmarani
Published: May 2022

Obat sakit gigi merupakan bahan yang dimaksudkan untuk menangkal, menghilangkan serta memulihkan penyakit maupun pertanda penyakit gigi yang menyerang. Penyakit pada gigi serta mulut juga dapat memicu datangnya penyakit lain. Orang-orang pada dasarnya sering memandang kecil suatu penyakit, kemudian pada saat penderita dirawat oleh para medis penderita merasakan keadaan tambah parah dari sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui representasi pemberian obat-obat sakit gigi yang ada di toko obat kita di mana mencakup bentuk, dosis, efek samping, harga dan juga interaksi yang terjadi pada obat dengan menggunakan metode MOORA. Metode MOORA bisa menentukan keputusan dari beberapa kriteria serta mudah dimengerti dalam membagi teknik evaluasi subjektif menjadi kriteria bobot dengan atribut bobot keputusan. Analisis penelitian data ini bertujuan menghasilkan rekomendasi obat sakit gigi. Kriteria serta bobot yang dimasukkan adalah C1 = disi (30%), C2 = efek samping (25 %), C3 = harga (20%), C4 = bentuk (15 %), C5 = interaksi (10%). Dari 25 alternatif yang digunakan, hasil penelitian yaitu alternatif A1 = Aspirin mendapatkan hasil rangking yang paling tinggi dengan nilai optimasi adalah 0,2730876006569. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah keputusan dengan metode MOORA untuk rekomendasi obat sakit gigi. Maka dapat disimpulkan topic ini sangat bagus untuk diteliti, sehingga kita tidak salah dalam memilih obat jika kita sedang mengalami sakit gigi.
MC-SMART: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan MC Terbaik untuk Acara Perpisahan Yayasan Pendidikan Teknologi Teladan Medan
Authors: Putri Raissa Amanda , Setiawan Bagus , Laily Dwi Yanti , Andriani Mega
Published: May 2022

Public speaking adalah korespondensi verbal di hadapan banyak individu, seperti alamat, pembicaraan, perkenalan, dan Master of Ceremony (MC). Suksesnya pelaksanaan acara tidak lepas dari peran presenter yang sering disebut sebagai MC. Menjadi MC atau presenter membutuhkan keterampilan serta latihan khusus, dan tidak semua orang bisa melakukannya. Untuk kelancaran acara perpisahan di YPT. Teladan Medan maka dibutuhkan MC terbaik untuk menyusun acara, membawakan acara, mengendalikan waktu, dan memuaskan hadirin agar acara berjalan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Karena terlalu banyak yang ingin menjadi MC, maka perlu untuk memilih MC yang terbaik. Salah satu metode untuk memilih MC adalah dengan jaringan pilihan yang mendukung secara emosional. Dalam ulasan ini, strategi Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) diterapkan pada kerangka pilihan MC terbaik. Analisis penilaian data ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan pilihan MC terbaik untuk memandu acara. Kriteria dan bobot yang digunakan adalah K1 = percaya diri (25%), K2 = komunikatif (20%), K3 = humoris (15%), K4 = kreatif (13%), K5 = wawasan ( 12%), K6 = pengalaman (10%), dam K7 = penampilan (5%). Dari 25 alternatif yang digunakan, hasil penelitian yaitu alternatif A1 = Fajar Aulia mendapatkan hasil rangking tertinggi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah keputusan dengan metode SMART untuk pemilihan MC terbaik Fajar Aulia dengan nilai akhir 0,86.
Kombinasi Metode WP dan MAUT Dalam Pemilihan Tanaman Anggrek Kualitas Ekspor Berbasis WEB
Authors: Puspa Ramadhani  , Suendri Suendri , Irawan Muhammad Dedi
Published: May 2022

Ekspor merupakan suatu kegiatan pengiriman dari dalam negeri ke luar negeri. Dalam melakukan ekspor, banyak penilaian yang dilakukan yaitu salah satunya dilihat dari kondisi fisik yang akan dikirim. Pada CV. Rumah Bunga Tamora merupakan tempat pembudidaya tanaman hias salah satunya tanaman anggrek, disana hanya melakukan pengiriman antar pulau saja dan belum melakukan ekspor tanaman anggrek. Sebelum melakukan ekspor tanaman anggrek maka setiap jenis tanaman harus dipilih mana yang layak diekspor dan tidak, untuk dapat mengetahui tanaman anggrek merupakan kualitas ekspor perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) sebagai tahapan dari penilaian dan perhitungan pada jenis tanaman yang terkomputerisasi akan menghasilkan rekomendasi jenis tanaman anggrek yang layak dijadikan kualitas ekspor. Dalam penelitian SPK ini menggunakan kombinasi antara metode Weighted Product (WP) dan Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) sebagai langkah-langkah perhitungan yaitu menentukan kriteria jenis tanaman terdapat 5 kriteria (1) ketahanan pengiriman, (2) usia tanaman, (3) fungsi tanaman, (4) iklim, dan (5) kesehatan tanaman; menentukan bobot dari masing-masing kriteria dengan ketentuan nilai 5 tingkat kepentingan (1) tidak baik, (2) kurang baik, (3) cukup baik, (4) baik, (5) sangat baik; setelah mendapatkan nilai bobot untuk kriteria lalu dilakukan perhitungan normalisasi agar menghasilkan ranking dari jenis tanaman. Dari hasil perhitungan kedua metode WP dan MAUT menggunakan sistem maka dihasilkan nilai akhir dengan ranking tertinggi 0.667 terdapat pada jenis tanaman Cattleya Dark Lavender sebagai tanaman anggrek kualitas ekspor yang direkomendasikan.
Conceptual view on Arsha and its Management through Ayurveda Prospective
Authors: Y. Rewatkar
Published: May 2022

Arsha is a Tridoshaj disease caused by the production of Mandagni and Ama. It affects people from all socioeconomic backgrounds. According to Ayurvedic theory, the aetiology of Arsha is mostly linked to the patient's Mandagni. Sedentary behaviour, irregular bowel habits, low-fiber diet, and continuous straining are only a few of the major culprits. Virudhdha-adhyashana, Utkatashana, and Samudirna vega vinigrahata are some of the variables that contribute to Mandagni, according to Ayurveda. While the illness is beyond therapy, it does have its own issues, such as excessive bleeding, oedema, and thrombosis, which cause severe discomfort and make it impossible for the patient to complete his daily tasks. Patients with chronic constipation or diarrhoea strain during faeces, causing pathological varicosity of the haemorrhoidal veins as a result of the increased pressure on veins. Impaired dietary habits, changing lifestyles, genes, and pregnancies are all common causes of pile. It is one of the most common ano-rectal disorders, affecting up to 50% of the population between the ages of 40 and 50. The therapy of Arsha (Piles) in Ayurveda is based on the chronicity and presentation of the condition. There are four therapeutic techniques for Arsha management, with Bheshaj Chikitsa and Kshara Karma Chikitsa showing excellent outcomes
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Profesionalitas Kerja Karyawan di PT Kanzu Permai Abadi Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Eko Triwanto  , Dyah Palupiningtyas
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan, Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan di Sentral Industri Asap Indah Wonosari Bonang Demak. Untuk pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan di Sentral Industri Asap Indah Wonosari Bonang Demak.Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan kerja dan kompensasi secara bersama sama terhadap kinerja karyawan di Sentral Industri Asap Indah Wonosari Bonang Demak. Untuk mengetahui Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di Sentral Industri Asap Indah Wonosari Bonang Demak

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, menekankan analisisnya pada data-data numerical yang diolah dengan metode statistika dengan membuat angket pada responden. Data yang digunakan ada dua jenis yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Alat dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pustaka, metode kuisioner yang kemudian diolah. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian merupakan responden sebanyak 58 orang.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka hipotesis yang diajukan baik secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, hal ini juga didukung dengan persamaan regresi Y = -2,876 + 0,377 X1 + 0,658 X2 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kemampuan (X1) terhadap tingkat kinerja karyawan (Y). Begitupula kompensasi (X2) terhadap kinerja karyawan, Kesimpulannya, Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah kompensasi karyawan pada Sentral Industri Asap Indah Wonosari Bonang Demak.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI HOTEL HORIZON PEKALONGAN
Authors: Hari Purnomo  , Dyah Palupiningtyas
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan di hotel horizon pekalongan, dengan tujuan penelitian  adalah  untuk  menganalisis  dan  menjelaskan  (1)  pengaruh  motivasi, terhadap kinerja, (2) pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja, (3) pengaruh motivasi dan gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja. Penelitian  dilakukan  dengan  menyebarkan  kuesioner  kepada  88  orang yang kemudian diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS, kemudian hasil yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji model dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan motivasi dan gaya kepemimpinan  berpegaruh poisitif dan signifikan terhadap  kinerja,  dan  secara parsial motivasi dan gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Hotel Horizon Pekalongan
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGANYAM ANAK KELOMPOK B DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA DAUR ULANG DI TK DHARMA WANITA PANGGUNGREJO TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Nilam Nurohmah  , Pendik Hanafi  , M. Nur Huda
Published: May 2022

Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan yang dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran pada  TK Dharma Wanita Panggungrejo  Tulungagung, dalam kegiatan menganyam beberapa anak masih terlihat jari jemarinya sedikit kaku dan waktu yang digunakan relatif lama hingga waktu pembelajaran berakhir, namun dapat menyelesaikan tugas hingga selesai. Sedangkan di beberapa TK yang lain kegiatan menganyam masih jarang dilakukan dengan alasan kegiatan menganyam dianggap rumit untuk dilakukan anak. Selain itu masih banyak anak yang bertanya cara membuatnya secara berulang-ulang dan juga meminta bantuan kepada guru.  Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian tindakan secara garis besar, peneliti pada umumnya mengenal adanya empat langkah penting, yaitu pengembangan, plan (perencanaan), Act (tindakan), Observe (Pengamatan), dan Reflect (Perenungan) atau disingkat PAOR yang dilakukan secara intensif dan sistematis atas seseorang yang mengerjakan pekerjaan sehari-harinya.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN MAJENE
Authors: M. Dakhri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to: 1) describe the effect of skills on employee performance at the Office of the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Majene Regency, 2) describe the influence of facilities on employee performance at the Office of the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Majene Regency and 3) explain which variables dominant influence on employee performance at the Office of the Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Majene Regency. The research which was conducted from September to December 2021 at the Office of the Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Agency of Majene Regency was a research with a quantitative approach. The population taken is all employees, totaling 50 people. Because the population does not exceed 100 people, so the sample from the study is the entire population. The research was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that 1) skills had a significant effect on the performance of employees of the Majene Regency Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Agency, 2) facilities had a significant effect on the employee performance of the Majene Regency Civil Service and Human Resources Empowerment Agency and 3) More Dominant Facilities had a significant effect on Employee Performance of the Majene Regency Personnel and Human Resources Empowerment Agency.
SISTEM AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA PT INDUSTRI KAPAL INDONESIA (PERSERO)
Authors: Ahmad Firdaus  , Siswati Rachman
Published: May 2022

The research aims to determine the application of the Raw Material inventory Accounting System at PT  Industri Kapal  ndonesia (Persero). The type of research used s descriptive qualitative. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research conducted from July to September 2021. The results showed that the accounting system for raw material inventory at PT Industri Kapal  Indonesia (Persero) has been effective, this can be seen by the existence of  interrelated functions. Then the  inventory recording method used  is the perpetual recording method and the FIFO (First  In First Out) valuation method. And the procedures that form the inventory system at PT Industri Kapal  Indonesia (Persero) are quite good because of the division of tasks and documents that can be accounted for.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHAN-BAHAN KIMIA BERBAHAYA DALAM MAKANAN YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Khairil Anwar
Published: May 2022

Fenomena yang terjadi banyak sekali kasus yang telah terungkap bahwa makanan dan/atau minuman yang beredar di masyarakat, sebagian merupakan “makanan dan/atau minuman yang berbahaya atau mengandung zat kimia yang secara aturan melebihi takaran/porsi di luar aturan yang telah ditentukan, sehingga hal tersebut berbahaya bagi orang yang mengkonsumsinya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan penegakan hukum   pidana terhadap penggunaan bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya dalam makanan yang beredar. Jenis penelitiannya yaitu penelitian hukum normatif dimaksudkan untuk menelaah ketentuan-ketentuan hukum positif, dan perangkat hukum positif yang diteliti secara normative digunakan sebagai sumber bahan hukum. Pelaku diduga melanggar pasal 196 dan 197 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan dengan ancaman hukuman penjara paling lama 15 tahun dan denda paling banyak 1,5 miliar rupiah. Selain itu, dalam Pasal 64 angka 19 UU Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 140 ayat (1) UU Pangan diatur bahwa setiap orang yang memproduksi dan memperdagangkan pangan yang dengan sengaja tidak memenuhi standar keamanan pangan yang mengakibatkan timbulnya korban gangguan kesehatan manusia dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp 4 miliar. Namun, perlu diperhatikan, ketentuan pidana di atas dikecualikan terhadap setiap orang yang melakukan usaha dan/atau kegiatan berisiko rendah atau sedang.
1988 PWVAS all volumes
Authors: Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

1988 PWVAS all volumes
The evolution of the AMOA, PMOA and BMOA genes measured by ka/ks ratios.
Authors: Lau Evan , Lukich Daniel , Le Tuan
Published: May 2022

The copper-containing membrane-bound monooxygenase enzyme family consists of enzymes facilitating the oxidation of methane (catalyzed by particulate methane monooxygenase, pMMO) and ammonia (catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase, AMO), in both aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs and nitrifiers, respectively, and the oxidation of C2-10 alkanes (catalyzed by particulate butane monooxygenase, pBMO). Despite catalyzing different substrates, pMMO, AMO and pBMO form catabolic enzymes related structurally and evolutionarily to each other, and are encoded by the genes pmoA, amoA and bmoA, respectively. It has been suggested that oxygen-dependent methane and ammonia monooxygenases evolved from a substrate-promiscuous ancestor after horizontal transfer(s) into new hosts, which eventually became methanotrophs and nitrifiers. However, no extensive studies have been conducted on molecular adaptation of the beta-peptide structure of pmoA, amoA and bmoA gene products, which form transmembrane polypeptides, and on selective pressures acting on them. Over 80 near-complete pmoA, amoA and bmoA gene from database were downloaded and analyzed to assess whether the combined amoA, pmoA and bmoA gene tree is congruent to the 16S rRNA gene tree for these microbes. The gene was separated into 15 segments and pairwise Ka/Ks values were calculated to assess the evolutionary and selection pressure exerted on these taxa, based on the hypothesis that they evolved from a methanotrophic ancestor, as well as calculate Ka/Ks values between members of each family.Our analyses indicated a high level of negative (or purifying) selection between and amongst all taxa. Ka/Ks values were highest between methanotroph pmoA and the anammox, and that the pmoA and amoA genes are under purifying selection their clusters, and supports the hypothesis that one of these genes likely arose from the other via horizontal gene transfer.
Common mechanisms of force detection and control in insects.
Authors: Zill Sasha N , Chaudhry Sumaiya , Neff David , Spychalski Reyne
Published: May 2022

Information from sense organs that detect forces may be particularly important in neural control of muscles as modular groups (synergists). We have performed comparative studies to characterize force detection in insects using physiological studies in stick insects and cockroaches to gain insight into comparable mechanisms in fruit flies (Drosophila), in which new and powerful genetic tools have been developed. Campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors that encode forces as cuticular strains. Previous studies have shown they can reinforce muscle synergies. Receptors fulfill similar functions in different species but the effects of individual groups are determined by the specific forces they encode. Whole mount and dissected preparations were studied using confocal and light microscopy. Sense organs and leg muscles were labeled using diI diffusion from the thorax. Activities in peripheral nerves and muscles were recorded extracellularly. Many receptors are homologous but the structure and responses of the femoral group (fCS) and mobility of the trochanter-femur joint are species specific. In cockroaches and stick insects, sensitivities to forces in the joint plane are correlated with effects on muscle synergies. In Drosophila, the fCS are located on the ventral femur, suggesting that they should be sensitive to forces in the joint plane. We are currently testing motor effects using neurophysiological recordings from larger Calliphorid flies. There are clear homologies in some groups of force receptors. Legs of flies combine elements found in cockroaches and stick insects. Sensory feedback can have similar effects in activation of muscle synergies in flies.
Testing of local water samples for caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline: Potential aquatic pollutants.
Authors: Behrmann Megan , Cole Jacquelyn
Published: May 2022

The average American consumes 300mg of caffeine a day, and only about 70% is metabolized into Theophylline and Theobromine. The other 30% is excreted primarily through urine, where it goes to water treatment plants and then into the environment. Previous studies have shown that most water treatment plants are capable of removing 90-95% of the caffeine during treatment, but the remainder enters the environment without being broken down.Caffeine is the one of the most widely consumed and least-regulated drugs. Due to the molecule’s integrity, it has potential to build up in water systems over time. Even microgram per liter amounts have been shown to cause significant effects in small aquatic invertebrates and shellfish, and may ultimately affect the ecosystem as a whole. In addition to the environmental affects, if caffeine is present in drinking water, it could have significant impact for those with heart conditions and those with sensitivity to caffeine. In this study, samples were collected from local streams and rivers as well as city and well water taps. They were analyzed using LC/MS/MS to quantify the caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline content using a deuterated internal standard, and a comparative study was performed. The observed concentrations were also compared to previous studies of caffeine testing in other water sources. While only small amounts are being detected at present, there is concern for the future of our caffeinated society.
Water analysis of rivers and streams in the northern panhandle of West Virginia.
Authors: Detemple Emily , Swartz Douglas
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze specific water systems in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia for analytes that are commonly found in coal mining, the steel industry, and hydraulic fracturing processes. Since these industries are prevalent in the region, many are concerned that the chemicals used in the processes are contaminating the water and harming the environment. Each site chosen was in close proximity to a preexisting or current industry that produces the analytes. Using spectroscopy, water samples were tested for specific concentrations of sulfates, manganese, and chlorides. Other general chemistry tests conducted on each sample were pH, conductivity, turbidity, and alkalinity. Compared to the baseline developed in the summer of 2014, this past summer (2015) results indicated that the Ohio River and streams did not undergo significant changes in the one year of study. This is the first study to show correlation between chemicals used in these manufacturing industries and water quality in the Ohio Valley.
Synthesizing trans-pterocarpans.
Authors: Bates Michael , Benfield Joshua , Van Aardt Theunis , Serra Jon
Published: May 2022

The goal of this research is to synthesize trans-pterocarpans, an unnatural isoflavonoid.Trans-pterocarpans are of interest because they may display increased steroidal activity when compared to the natural cis-pterocarpans. First, a Williamson ether synthesis is performed using benzylchloride on the hydroxyl functional group of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone. This protected acetophenone has been collected in 85% yield and verified by 1H-NMR and 13C- NMR. The protected acetophenone is currently being reacted with thallium trinitrate in order to rearrange the molecule into a protected phenylacetic ester compound. The protected phenylacetic ester will then be combined with a protected benzaldehyde via an aldol condensation. These aldol products are then converted to trans-pterocarpans through cyclization of the 5-membered ring followed by the 6-membered ring using protection and deprotection methods.
Functionalization of polystyrene foams for the removal of heavy metal contaminants in water.
Authors: Holloway Cara , Mader Jordan A
Published: May 2022

Arsenic pollution is a problem for many parts of the world, including portions of WV. Arsenic has been linked to cancer and other serious health problems. Because thiol (-SH) groups have an affinity for heavy metals such as arsenic, it is possible to make a functionalized polystyrene foam to remove arsenic. Polystyrene foams were made using an emulsion technique and functionalized through a series of reactions. First, halogenation was performed, then a thioacetate substitution, after which the foams were deprotected using a strong base solution. 120 mg/cc foams were made using high internal phase emulsion polymerization and analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy after each functionalization reaction. After the halogenation reaction, the thioacetate substitution reaction was done using three different times (8, 6, and 4 hours) to see if this affected the results. It was seen that all functionalized foams did remove some amount of arsenic, even with varying substitution reaction times.
Molecular dynamics investigation of dodecylmaltoside micelle properties.
Authors: Hoffmaster Ashley , Bonnett Brittany , Faramarzi Sadegh , Grodi Danielle , Mertz Blake , Harvey Erica
Published: May 2022

Micelles are spherical assemblies of detergent molecules that form in aqueous solutions.The hydrophilic head of each molecule faces water on the outside of the sphere and the hydrophobic tail of the molecule points toward the center of the micelle. While detergent micelles are commonly used to mimic cell membranes during experimental work on membrane proteins, their biophysical properties are not well understood at the atomistic level. The present work focuses on all atom molecular dynamics simulations of the detergent molecule dodecylmaltoside (DDM). We have investigated the effects of starting configurations and total number of molecules in the simulation (above and below the aggregation number) using pre- formed micelle arrangements consisting of 60, 80, 100, 130, 150, and 200 DDM molecules and random assortment arrangements of 60, 110, 200, and 220 DDM molecules. Results to be presented include validation of the CHARMM force field for DDM, aggregation number, and radius of gyration.
Changes in morphology of adult neural stem cells following low-level manganese exposure in vitro.
Authors: Carpenter Swayde , Ramirez Ana , Parsons-White Amy , Spitzer Nadja
Published: May 2022

Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are neural progenitor cells that differentiate into neurons and glial cells in the brain throughout an organism’s life. The sub ventricular zone(SVZ) in mammals holds a niche of NSCs that are involved in neurologic plasticity, brain damage repair, behavioral response to stimuli, and learning and memory formation. Cultured SVZ-derived NSCs offer an accessible model for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms in brain function.Manganese causes neuronal dysfunction, but its cellular mechanisms are unknown. While exposure to manganese results in a neurodegenerative condition known as manganism that mimics symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease, people living in mining and industry communities are chronically exposed to manganese through drinking water or inhalation at levels below EPA limits. We are investigating the effects of such low-level manganese on cellular functions of neural cells. The investigation is directed towards examining changes in intracellular signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms in adult NSCs exposed to manganese of adult neurogenesis. We found that MnCl2 impairs normal development and proliferation of neural stem cell behavior. Cultured adult NSCs from the SVZ displayed abnormal morphology when exposed to 500uM and 800uM concentrations of MnCl2 for 24 hours. However, the manganese concentrations causing morphology impairment do not undergo apoptosis. Excess manganese exposure is a concern for West Virginia due to the abundance of welding, mining, and metal manufacturing industries in the area. This research recognizes the unique vulnerability of the brain to manganese and could be used for regulation of manganese exposure limits.
Wathershed disturbance effects on total suspended solids and substrate stability in a headwater stream.
Authors: Chapman Amanda , Armstead Mindy , Wilson Mandee
Published: May 2022

Freshwater ecosystems are known to be impaired by disturbances within their watersheds.These disturbances may result from multiple sources ranging from resource extraction to development (e.g. urban, residential, industrial, and commercial). Even low level disturbances have been shown to result in impairment to stream biota within the watershed. However when very low levels of disturbance occur, the mechanisms, resulting in impairment to the biological integrity of the freshwater ecosystem, are not known. The objective of this study is to examine the immediate effects of an anthropogenic disturbance of less than 1% of the watershed area. Baseline conditions were established and total suspended solids (TSS) and substrate mobility, were monitored and compared between pre and post disturbance conditions. Disturbance was created by timbering a 0.24 acre area in the 89 acre watershed. The stream was separated into three different reaches: Site 1 (the downstream recovery reach), Site 2B (immediately downstream of disturbance) reach), and Site 3 (the upstream control reach). The data shows variation, at the sites, in suspended and settled sediment as indicated by TSS and substrate mobility. Sites downstream of the disturbance, Site 2B and Site 1, increased in substrate mobility compared to the up gradient site (Site 3). Suspended sediment increased at all three sites post-disturbance.
Response of glioblastoma cells to activation of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor, GPER1/GPR30, and possible crosstalk with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Authors: Moore Ashley D , Shrestha Supriya , Hankins Gerald R
Published: May 2022

Glioblastomas are almost invariably fatal brain tumors. Glioblastoma incidence in men is 1.5 times that of pre-menopausal women and this difference decreases post-menopause. Therefore estrogen is thought to play a protective role, although the mechanism is not well understood. Glioblastomas produce and respond to a tryptophan derivative, kynurenine, that binds and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Promiscuity of ligand binding can result in cross talk between AHR and nuclear estrogen receptors and both receptor types are known to use the p300 acetyltransferase as a cofactor. We demonstrated that inhibition of p300 resulted in a reduction of proliferation of CH157-MN meningioma cells. Treatment with β-estradiol or kynurenine partially abrogated this effect, suggesting both ligands may act through another receptor that we hypothesize to be the G-protein linked estrogen receptor, GPER1/GPR30. We verified the expression of GPER1, estrogen receptor β; some estrogen receptor β isoforms and AHR by CH157-MN cells and U-87 and A-172 glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of p300 with C646 reduced proliferation of both U87 and A172 cells. In U87 cells, this effect was abrogated by co-treatment with β-estradiol, the xenobiotic AHR agonist 2’,3’,7,8’-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and the GPER1 agonist G-1. Exogenous kynurenine did not abrogate the effect of p300 inhibition. However, in A172 cells, none of the agonists abrogated the effect of p300 inhibition, possibly due to the higher kynurenine production in A172 cells. Treatment of A172 and U87 cells with G-1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation which was abrogated by co-treatment with the GPER1 antagonist G-36.
A simple plating assay using Acanthamoeba to evaluate the effect of environmental stressors on growing and dividing cells.
Authors: Moore Deborah Mary , Withers T Ryan , Yu Hongwei , Trzyna Wendy
Published: May 2022

Acanthamoeba provide a potential alternative to mammalian models for investigation of bacterial virulence. Acanthamoeba, a ubiquitous single celled eukaryotic microbe, feed on bacteria within their environment. Bacteria can be utilized as food, establish endosymbiosis, and virulent strains may result in amoebal death. These properties along with the ease with which Acanthamoeba can be cultured allowed development of a rapid plating assay in this lab. Effects of environmental stress on Acanthamoeba can be evaluated using this as shown in our previous studies. The present study has extended this assay to evaluating bacterial virulence using Acanthamoeba and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains differing in pathogenicity. Acanthamoeba was co-cultured with either a virulent or non-virulent strain of Pseudomonas spp. on amoeba saline agar plates. To test particular strains of bacteria, a measured volume of bacteria of known density is applied to plates in triplicate lines with a precise number of Acanthamoeba cysts inoculated at the starting end of the bacterial line. If environmental conditions on plates are favorable, cysts will excyst, amoebae consume the bacteria and proliferate. Plates are evaluated over time for advancement of proliferation along the bacterial line, overall numbers of amoebae and the overall effect of the bacteria on the amoebae. The present study tested a panel of Pseudomonas strains of unknown virulence. Amoeba assay results were strikingly similar to those observed in animal trials for the same bacterial strains. This assay has the potential to provide a rapid, cost-effective alternative to studies carried out in animal models for evaluating bacterial virulence.
Stream network sampling reveals water temperature links to fish abundance.
Authors: Morgan Matthew , Roach Jacob , Hitt Nathaniel , Snyder Craig , Anderson Zachary , Donaldson Lindsey , Vila Peter
Published: May 2022

The thermal regime of headwater streams has important consequences for fish physiology and population dynamics. However, research typically focuses on temporal variation in temperature at a single point (i.e., gage station) without considering its spatial structure in upstream locations. We sampled water temperatures using a spatially continuous design (10 m spacing) on the Owens Creek watershed (Catoctin Mountain Park, MD) and evaluated correlations to fish species abundance sampled by standard backpack electrofishing techniques (100 m reaches) during the summer of 2015. We also explored the utility of a new index of groundwater influence that measures the difference between surface water temperatures and substrate temperatures, Delta T (DT). For 9 of the 10 species analyzed, fish abundance was strongly correlated to observed water temperatures, and water temperature correlations to fish abundance were generally stronger than for the groundwater index DT. The observed fish-habitat relationships suggest the potential to model fish abundances based on spatial temperature surveys and demonstrate the importance of collecting spatially-structured data within stream networks.
Baetidae diet analysis.
Authors: Edwards Geneve , Wilson Mandee , Armstead Mindy
Published: May 2022

Mayflies may be more sensitive to aquatic contaminants than surrogate test organisms used to determine anthropogenic effects on aquatic ecosystems. While toxicity testing could be utilized to establish a direct link between contaminants of concern and mayfly mortality, potentially more sensitive mayfly taxa are not readily available for use in toxicity testing.Methods for rearing larval mayflies to emergence, collecting viable eggs and rearing them to hatch have been developed. Further development of the methods in order to conduct native mayfly toxicity testing is dependent on a suitable food source being established for cultured mayfly nymphs. The objective of this study was to find a suitable food source for newly hatched Baetidae nymphs to increase longevity of newly hatched nymphs. Success will be evidenced by the growth and development of the nymphs. Preliminary evaluations utilizing a variety of natural and laboratory cultured diets given to individual nymphs in separate chambers were conducted. Mortality and growth were used to narrow food types to the ones yielding the best results for further testing. Ten of the eleven feeding treatments maintained adequate survival of newly hatched mayflies for 3 days but only 2 of the treatments, the first being a mixture of diatoms collected from Hammack Hollow and Selenastrum sp., and the second being leaf disks, supported greater than 70% survival to 6 days. While mortality was high in all treatments between 6 and 9 days, diet combining Selenastrum sp., yeast, cereal leaves and trout chow (YCT), and leaf disk supported the greatest survival over the 24 day study.
Inducing alzheimer’s-like plaques in neuronal stem cells in order to trace the pathway.
Authors: Gyamfi Paula , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that diminishes the function of nerve cells. Amyloid-beta plaques and tangles have been seen as the possible sources of Alzheimer’s. In the case of amyloid-beta plaques, they are caused by an enzyme, beta-secretase, improperly cutting amyloid precursor proteins (APP) into beta-amyloid fragments. These fragments come into contact with other beta-amyloid fragments, forming plaques. Both the plaques and tangles are being heavily investigated by scientific researchers and so far, it is unclear which dominates in Alzheimer’s disease or if both play an equal role. Researching Alzheimer’s disease is important because the source of the amyloid beta plaques and tangles are not truly understood due to the thousands of pathways and factors involved with this disease. As life expectancy increases, more people are being diagnosed with this disease. However, there are many anti- dementia drugs used on Alzheimer’s patients to control behavioral, cognitive and psychological symptoms but to date no cure. Though the anti-dementia drugs help slow down the progression, they do not reverse the damages caused by Alzheimer’s.The ultimate goal of this set of experiments was to establish a model to better examine the mechanism’s behind  increased levels of  alpha, beta and gamma secretase’s.
Alterations in transcription factor e2f1 dna binding associated with alcohol exposure.
Authors: Kessler Aaron , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a set of developmental disorders that come to those born from mothers who drink alcohol during gestation. Phenotypes are associated with alterations in proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of neural crest stem cells.Microarray data suggest that changes in several proteins associated with cell cycle regulation may contribute to alterations in growth and apoptosis. These proteins, including; retinoblastoma protein (pRB), E2F1 transcription factor, and E2F1’s dimerization partner protein (DP1) are responsible for the regulation of gene products that assist in G1/S phase transition and the transcription of genes necessary for proper DNA synthesis.  Under normal cell growth the binding of pRB to E2F1/DP1 dimer inhibits transcriptional activation. During the induction of S phase, pRB is phosphorylated and releases the transcription factor dimer for activation. We suggest that alcohol alters this mechanism by changing the binding pattern of these three proteins. To examine the effects of ethanol on the relationship between DNA, E2F1, DP1 and pRB, an set of electromobility shift assay s(EMSA) were performed.
Three dimensional visualization of the specific force function of open channel hydraulics.
Authors: Gray Donald D
Published: May 2022

Specific force was introduced to the science of hydraulics in 1860 by Bresse in his analysis of the hydraulic jump. Since that time, this function has also been shown to be a valuable tool for understanding and calculating the forces on transitions and obstacles in open channels. Specific force is the sum of the momentum flowrate and the hydrostatic thrust on a cross sectional area normal to a parallel flow, divided by the specific weight of the flowing liquid. It has the dimensions of length cubed and is also known by other names including specific momentum and specific thrust. Although it is discussed in all leading textbooks on open channel flow, little attention has been paid to its shape. The specific force for any given cross sectional geometry defines a surface in a three dimensional space spanned by depth, flowrate, and specific force.  Most books contain only two dimensional plots of depth vs. specific force with flowrate as a parameter, usually for rectangular or undefined cross sections. Plots of depth vs. flowrate with specific force as a parameter are found only in Akan (2006). No one has shown plots of flowrate vs. specific force with depth as a parameter. Using the symbolic mathematical computation program Mathematica, the specific force surface will be shown for the first time in three dimensions together with its two dimensional projections for rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, and circular cross sections. These visualizations enable a fuller appreciation of how this important function depends on its variables.A. O. Akan, 2006. Open Channel Hydraulics, Elsevier, New York, Section 2.3.
The Seeding Your Future Initiative: STEM outreach for grades 5-12.
Authors: Mader Jordan A. , Murphy Sytil
Published: May 2022

The Seeding Your Future Initiative started in Fall 2014 with the goal of providing STEM outreach in theEastern Panhandle of WV and the surrounding tri-state area. The Initiative began with the Seeding Your Future Conference, which will be in its third year next October. This conference targets middle school age girls, with the goal of the girls gaining or maintaining an appreciation for STEM fields and their abilities within them. The conference features a plenary by a woman in STEM, a speed-dating style panel, and a series of ~1hr hands-on STEM workshops. In September 2015, the Seeding Your Future Workshop Series began for high school students. Workshop Series events are held monthly during the academic year and feature a two-hour hands-on STEM activity. This talk will include details of the Seeding Your Future Initiative, discuss the novel aspects of it, and showcase data from the past few years highlighting the program’s successes. All program activities are free of charge thanks to generous funding from Women Investing in Shepherd (WISH), NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium, Eastern West Virginia Community Foundation, American Association of University Women (AAUW), and Shepherd University.
The role of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton protein spectrin during invasion by Francisella tularensis.
Authors: Barnes Rebecca , Schmitt Deanna , Gilson Tricia , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Francisella tularensis is classified as a Category A bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Inhaling as few as ten of these bacteria can cause acute, lethal pneumonia. Studies using mouse models of infection have shown that erythrocyte invasion is a novel feature of F. tularensis during infection; however, the mechanism by which this bacterium enters red blood cells is unknown. Cytoskeletal rearrangement of other host cells such as macrophages and hepatocytes is required for entry of F. tularensis. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of the major erythrocyte cytoskeletal component, spectrin, in red blood cell invasion. To test this, human erythrocytes were treated with venom from the Blue-bellied black snake (Pseudechis guttatus), which disrupts the spectrin in the cytoskeleton. Treatment with this venom significantly reduced the number of intra-erythrocytic bacteria suggesting that spectrin is involved in erythrocyte invasion.  Importantly, the concentrations of venom used in this study did not reduce the number of intact erythrocytes. This is the first study showing the involvement of an erythrocyte protein during invasion by F. tularensis.
Identification of plant and fungal extracts that exhibit antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria.
Authors: Martin Caleb , Schmitt Deanna , Figurski Leah , Hayden Alex , Leon Francisco , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there have been more than 2 million people infected with drug-resistant bacteria in the USA resulting in over 23,000 deaths in the past year. The development of new antibiotics and therapies that target pathogenic microbes is critical for preventing mortality caused by drug-resistant bacteria. We previously discovered that extracts of Rhamnus purshiana (bark), Eupenicillium parvum (fungus), and Arctostaphylos uva ursi (leaves) exhibit novel antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. We next wanted to determine whether these extracts would inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria. These extracts were screened against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exhibited substantial antimicrobial effects against Acinetobacter baumannii and Esherichia coli. A. baumannii has major medical implications due to the sudden emergence of this bacterium in military treatment facilities and the ability of this organism to cause bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. Due to the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains, there is a need for new treatments against this bacterium. The potency of these compounds towards this bacterium is being further investigated in vivo utilizing Galleria mellonella larvae infection models.
Determining the ideal methods for fingerprint analysis from different surfaces.
Authors: Akers Kristen , Flood Mark
Published: May 2022

Fingerprints are one of the most important pieces of evidence that can be presented in prosecuting of any crime. Five different surfaces were tested: glass, paper, aluminum, duct tape, and cardboard. The eight techniques chosen were crystal violet reagent, small particle reagent (white and black), sudan black, powder, iodine, 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One (DFO), ninhydrin, and rhodamine-6G-dye stain. The techniques were applied on each surface and the results determined which techniques were the best at identifying latent fingerprints from various surfaces. In this experiment, the only technique that worked on cardboard was the iodine chamber. On the aluminum surface Rho-6G and black powder were the techniques that worked. Black Powder also worked on the plastic and was the only one to show any results. Lastly, the only technique that worked on paper was ninhydrin. A couple of the techniques showed traces on some surfaces but did not produce enough fingerprint ridge details. It may have been beneficial to use an alternative light source for some of the techniques used. Future investigations might include other surfaces and testing reagents.
A revised SEIR model for tuberculosis transmission.
Authors: Muradova Zulfiya , McDonald Hannah , Hopkins Peter , Wang Qing , Wang Zhijun , Klinke David J
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis is a complex bacterial infection that can be influenced by many variables. This project attempts to analyze the spread and transmission of tuberculosis using a simplified model. The SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) model is revised to formulate interactions between the four population groups (S,E,I,R). Equilibrium points and local stability will be discussed with the biological relevance. The model will be calibrated to data collected from the CDC (Center of Disease Control) website pertaining to tuberculosis cases within the United States. The calibrated model may provide insight into strategies that can improve the control of the spread of this infectious disease. The project was supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence and the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research SURE Grant Program.
Trans-pterocarpans.
Authors: Bates Michael , Serra Jon , Van Aardt Theunis
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research project is to synthesize trans-pterocarpans, an isoflavonoid that does not occur naturally. Trans-pterocarpans are of particular interest because they may display increased steroidal activity when compared to the naturally occurring cis-pterocarpans. First, a Williamson ether synthesis is performed using benzylchloride on the hydroxyl functional group of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy- acetophenone. The protected acetophenone is then reacted with thallium trinitrate in order to rearrange the molecule into a protected phenylacetic ester compound. The protected phenylacetic ester is then combined with a similarly protected benzaldehyde via an aldol condensation. These aldol products are then converted to trans-pterocarpans through cyclization of the 5-membered ring followed by cyclization of the 6-membered ring using protection and deprotection methods. The chemistry and enantioselective synthesis of trans-pterocarpans is the primary focus of this presentation.