bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Relative Hydrogen‐Bonding Strengths of Alcohols in Aprotic Organic Solvents
Authors: Tessensohn Malcolm E. , Lee Melvyn , Hirao Hajime , Webster Richard D.
Published: November 2014

Voltammetric experiments with 9,10‐anthraquinone and 1,4‐benzoquinone performed under controlled moisture conditions indicate that the hydrogen‐bond strengths of alcohols in aprotic organic solvents can be differentiated by the electrochemical parameter ΔEpred=|Epred(1)−Epred(2)|, which is the potential separation between the two one‐electron reduction processes. This electrochemical parameter is inversely related to the strength of the interactions and can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, and even diols, as it is sensitive to both their steric and electronic properties. The results are highly reproducible across two solvents with substantially different hydrogen‐bonding properties (CH3CN and CH2Cl2) and are supported by density functional theory calculations. This indicates that the numerous solvent–alcohol interactions are less significant than the quinone–alcohol hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The utility of ΔEpred was illustrated by comparisons between 1) 3,3,3‐trifluoro‐n‐propanol and 1,3‐difluoroisopropanol and 2) ethylene glycol and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol.
Structural characterization of lipopeptides from Enterobacter sp. strain N18 reveals production of surfactin homologues
Authors: You Jia , Yang Shi‐Zhong , Mu Bo‐Zhong
Published: November 2014

Lipopeptides are amphiphilic biosurfactants which contain fatty acid chains and peptide chains. A novel lipopeptide producer was isolated from soil samples and identified as Enterobacter sp. by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The surface tension of the cell‐free broth decreased from 58.0 mN/m to 27.9 mN/m after the strain was incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The fatty acid part of the lipopeptide was elucidated by ESI‐MS and GC‐MS after methyl esterification, which showed that fatty acids were mixtures of n‐C12, iso‐C13, anteiso‐C13, iso‐C14, n‐C14, iso‐C15, anteiso‐C15, iso‐C16, n‐C16 and iso‐C17 β‐hydroxy fatty acids. The peptide sequence, of which the composition of amino acids was determined by GC‐MS with trimethylsilylation, was deduced to be N‐Glu‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐Asp‐Leu‐Leu‐C by using Q‐TOF MS/MS. The fatty acid chain was bonded to the N‐terminal of the peptide moiety, and a cyclic ring was constituted by the hydroxyl group of the fatty acid chain and the C‐terminal.

Practical applications

The systematic characterization methods used in this article are helpful for structural analysis of those lipopeptide‐like compounds. The information of Enterobacter‐produced surfactin helps us to enlarge the family of surfactin‐producers and expand the recognition of metabolites of Enterobacter spp.

Cyclic lipopeptide produced by Enterobacter was characterized by a systematic method with the combination of ESI‐MS, GC‐MS and Q‐TOF MS/MS. This was the first time that Enteobacter sp. was reported as surfactin‐producer.
Clinically Important Parameters that Influence Sensor Utility: Considerations on How Not to Make a Sensor with No (or Limited) Clinical Application
Authors: Pendley Bradford D.
Published: November 2014

Electrochemical sensors play an important role in clinical medicine with both amperometric and potentiometric devices used daily to guide clinical decisions. This tutorial discusses clinical considerations in designing and interpreting the results of such devices for both the diagnosis and management of diseases and relates these to the analytical characteristics of the sensor. A discussion of the epidemiological characteristics of diseases and how this impacts sensor utility is discussed.
Working memory in preterm‐born adults: Load‐dependent compensatory activity of the posterior default mode network
Authors: Daamen Marcel , Bäuml Josef G. , Scheef Lukas , Sorg Christian , Busch Barbara , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter , Wohlschläger Afra , Boecker Henning
Published: November 2014

Premature birth is associated with an increased risk of cognitive performance deficits that are dependent on working memory (WM) load in childhood. Less clear is whether preterm‐born adults show similar WM impairments, or develop compensatory brain mechanisms that help to overcome prematurity‐related functional deficits, for example, by a workload‐dependent over‐recruitment of WM‐typical areas, and/or engagement of alternative brain networks. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 73 adults born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) and 73 term‐born controls (CON, mean age: 26.5 years) performed a verbal N‐Back paradigm with varying workload (0‐back, 1‐back, 2‐back). Generally, both groups showed similar performance accuracy and task‐typical patterns of brain activations (especially in fronto‐cingulo‐parietal, thalamic, and cerebellar areas) and deactivations (especially in mesial frontal and parietal aspects of the default mode network [DMN]). However, VP/VLBW adults showed significantly stronger deactivations (P < 0.05, cluster‐level corrected) than CON in posterior DMN regions, including right ventral precuneus, and right parahippocampal areas (with adjacent cerebellar areas), which were specific for the most demanding 2‐back condition. Consistent with a workload‐dependent effect, VP/VLBW adults with stronger deactivations (1‐back > 2‐back) in the parahippocampal/cerebellar cluster also presented a greater slowing of response latencies with increasing WM load (2‐back > 1‐back), indicative of higher effort. In conclusion, VP/VLBW adults recruited similar anatomical networks as controls during N‐back performance, but showed an enhanced suppression of posterior DMN regions during higher workload, which may reflect a temporary suppression of stimulus‐independent thoughts that helps to maintain adequate task performance with increasing attentional demands. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1121–1137, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimentally induced, synergistic late effects of a single dose of radiation and aging: significance in LKS fraction as compared with mature blood cells
Authors: Hirabayashi Yoko , Tsuboi Isao , Nakachi Kei , Kusunoki Yoichiro , Inoue Tohru
Published: November 2014

The number of murine mature blood cells recovered within 6 weeks after 2‐Gy whole‐body irradiation at 6 weeks of age, whereas in the case of the undifferentiated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/HPC) compartment [cells in the lineage‐negative, c‐kit‐positive and stem‐cell‐antigen‐1‐positive (LKS) fraction], the numerical differences between mice with and without irradiation remained more than a year, but conclusively the cells showed numerical recovery. When mice were exposed to radiation at 6 months of age, acute damages of mature blood cells were rather milder probably because of their maturation with age; but again, cells in the LKS fraction were specifically damaged, and their numerical recovery was significantly delayed probably as a result of LKS‐specific cellular damages. Interestingly, in contrast to the recovery of the number of cells in the LKS fraction, their quality was not recovered, which was quantitatively assessed on the basis of oxidative‐stress‐related fluorescence intensity. To investigate why the recovery in the number of cells in the LKS fraction was delayed, expression levels of genes related to cellular proliferation and apoptosis of cells in the bone marrow and LKS fraction were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the case of 21‐month‐old mice after radiation exposure, Ccnd1, PiK3r1 and Fyn were overexpressed solely in cells in the LKS fraction. Because Ccnd1and PiK3r1 upregulated by aging were further upregulated by radiation, single‐dose radiation seemed to induce the acceleration of aging, which is related to the essential biological responses during aging based on a lifetime‐dependent relationship between a living creature and xenobiotic materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paramfit: Automated optimization of force field parameters for molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Betz Robin M. , Walker Ross C.
Published: November 2014

The generation of bond, angle, and torsion parameters for classical molecular dynamics force fields typically requires fitting parameters such that classical properties such as energies and gradients match precalculated quantum data for structures that scan the value of interest. We present a program, Paramfit, distributed as part of the AmberTools software package that automates and extends this fitting process, allowing for simplified parameter generation for applications ranging from single molecules to entire force fields. Paramfit implements a novel combination of a genetic and simplex algorithm to find the optimal set of parameters that replicate either quantum energy or force data. The program allows for the derivation of multiple parameters simultaneously using significantly fewer quantum calculations than previous methods, and can also fit parameters across multiple molecules with applications to force field development. Paramfit has been applied successfully to systems with a sparse number of structures, and has already proven crucial in the development of the Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement Lipid14 force field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary fatty acid composition and the homeostatic regulation of mitochondrial phospholipid classes in red muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Kraffe Edouard , Le Grand Fabienne , Marty Yanic , Bureau Dominique P. , Guderley Helga
Published: November 2014

Although dietary lipid quality markedly affects fatty acid (FA) composition of mitochondrial membranes from rainbow trout red muscle (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mitochondrial processes are relatively unchanged. As certain classes of phospholipids interact more intimately with membrane proteins than others, we examined whether specific phospholipid classes from these muscle mitochondria were more affected by dietary FA composition than others. To test this hypothesis, we fed trout with two diets differing only in their FA composition: Diet 1 had higher levels of 18:1n‐9 and 18:2n‐6 than Diet 2, while 22:6n‐3 and 22:5n‐6 were virtually absent from Diet 1 and high in Diet 2. After 5 months, trout fed Diet 2 had higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and less phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in mitochondrial membranes than those fed Diet 1. The FA composition of PC, PE and cardiolipin (CL) showed clear evidence of regulated incorporation of dietary FA. For trout fed Diet 2, 22:6n‐3 was the most abundant FA in PC, PE and CL. The n‐6 FA were consistently higher in all phospholipid classes of trout fed Diet 1, with shorter n‐6 FA being favoured in CL than in PC and PE. Despite these marked changes in individual FA levels with diet, general characteristics such as total polyunsaturated FA, total monounsaturated FA and total saturated FA were conserved in PE and CL, confirming differential regulation of the FA composition of PC, PE and CL. The regulated changes of phospholipid classes presumably maintain critical membrane characteristics despite varying nutritional quality. We postulate that these changes aim to protect mitochondrial function. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 60–71, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strong Chromatic Index of Chordless Graphs
Authors: Basavaraju Manu , Francis Mathew C.
Published: November 2014

A strong edge coloring of a graph is an assignment of colors to the edges of the graph such that for every color, the set of edges that are given that color form an induced matching in the graph. The strong chromatic index of a graph G, denoted by , is the minimum number of colors needed in any strong edge coloring of G. A graph is said to be chordless if there is no cycle in the graph that has a chord. Faudree, Gyárfás, Schelp, and Tuza (The Strong Chromatic Index of Graphs, Ars Combin 29B (1990), 205–211) considered a particular subclass of chordless graphs, namely, the class of graphs in which all the cycle lengths are multiples of four, and asked whether the strong chromatic index of these graphs can be bounded by a linear function of the maximum degree. Chang and Narayanan (Strong Chromatic Index of 2‐degenerate Graphs, J Graph Theory, 73(2) (2013), 119–126) answered this question in the affirmative by proving that if G is a chordless graph with maximum degree Δ, then . We improve this result by showing that for every chordless graph G with maximum degree Δ, . This bound is tight up to an additive constant.
Molecularly imprinted polymer as a novel solid‐phase microextraction coating for the selective enrichment of trace imidazolinones in rice, peanut, and soil
Authors: Chen Yang , Feng Ting , Li Gongke , Hu Yufei
Published: November 2014

The development and application of an imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase microextraction coating were investigated. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer coating with imazethapyr as template was firstly prepared by a one‐step in situ polymerization method, and demonstrated specific selectivity to imidazolinone herbicides in complicated samples. The structural characteristics and extraction performance of the imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer coating were studied. The molecularly imprinted polymer coating was homogeneous, dense, and heat and solvent resistant. Adsorption capacity experiments showed that the molecularly imprinted polymer coating could selectively extract imazethapyr and its structural analogs, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 2.5 times as much as that of the nonimprinted polymer coating. A method for the determination of five imidazolinones by imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed. The linear range was 0.50–50 μg/L for imazameth, imazamox, imazapyr acid, and imazethapyr, and 1.0–100 μg/L for imazaquin acid, and the detection limits were within the range of 0.070–0.29 μg/L. The method was applied to simultaneous and multiresidual determinations of trace imidazolinones in rice, peanut, and soil samples with satisfactory recoveries of 60.6–99.5, 79.1–123, and 61.3–116%, respectively, and relative standard deviations of 0.40–10%, which indicated that this method was suitable for the trace analysis of imidazolinones in complex food and environmental samples.
PTN signaling: Components and mechanistic insights in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Sethi Geetika , Kwon Youngjoo , Burkhalter Rebecca J. , Pathak Harsh B. , Madan Rashna , McHugh Sarah , Atay Safinur , Murthy Smruthi , Tawfik Ossama W. , Godwin Andrew K.
Published: November 2014

Molecular vulnerabilities represent promising candidates for the development of targeted therapies that hold the promise to overcome the challenges encountered with non‐targeted chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Through a synthetic lethality screen, we previously identified pleiotrophin (PTN) as a molecular vulnerability in ovarian cancer and showed that siRNA‐mediated PTN knockdown induced apoptotic cell death in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. Although, it is well known that PTN elicits its pro‐tumorigenic effects through its receptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Z1 (PTPRZ1), little is known about the potential importance of this pathway in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In this study, we show that PTN is expressed, produced, and secreted in a panel of EOC cell lines. PTN levels in serous ovarian tumor tissues are on average 3.5‐fold higher relative to normal tissue and PTN is detectable in serum samples of patients with EOC. PTPRZ1 is also expressed and produced by EOC cells and is found to be up‐regulated in serous ovarian tumor tissue relative to normal ovarian surface epithelial tissue (P < 0.05). Gene silencing of PTPRZ1 in EOC cell lines using siRNA‐mediated knockdown shows that PTPRZ1 is essential for viability and results in significant apoptosis with no effect on the cell cycle phase distribution. In order to determine how PTN mediates survival, we silenced the gene using siRNA mediated knockdown and performed expression profiling of 36 survival‐related genes. Through computational mapping of the differentially expressed genes, members of the MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) family were found to be likely effectors of PTN signaling in EOC cells. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that PTN and its signaling components may be of significance in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer and provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of MAPK inhibitors in PTN and/or PTPRZ1 expressing ovarian tumors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PEG‐asparaginase allergy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol
Authors: Henriksen Louise Tram , Harila‐Saari Arja , Ruud Ellen , Abrahamsson Jonas , Pruunsild Kaie , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Jónsson Ólafur Gísli , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Heyman Mats , Schrøder Henrik , Albertsen Birgitte Klug ,   on behalf of the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) group
Published: November 2014

Background

L‐Asparaginase is an effective drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The use of L‐asparaginase may be limited by serious adverse events of which allergy is the most frequent. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical aspects of PEG‐asparaginase allergy in children treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol.

Procedure

Children (1–17 years) enrolled in the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol between July 2008 and August 2011, who developed PEG‐asparaginase allergy were identified through the NOPHO ALL2008 toxicity registry. In the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol, patients are randomized to 8 or 15 doses of intramuscular PEG‐asparaginase (Oncaspar®) 1,000 IU/m2/dose administered at 2 or 6 weeks intervals during a total period of 30 weeks. (Clinical trials.gov no: NCT00819351).

Results

Of 615 evaluable patients, 79 patients developed clinical PEG‐asparaginase allergy (cumulative risk; 13.2%) and discontinued PEG‐asparaginase therapy for that reason. PEG‐asparaginase allergy occurred after a median of two doses (75% range 2–4, max 14). In 58% of PEG‐asparaginase hypersensitive patients, the clinical allergic reactions appeared within 2 hr after PEG‐asparaginase administration and ranged from mild symptoms to systemic anaphylaxis. Nine patients experienced an anaphylactic reaction within 1 hr and 50 min from asparaginase administration; none were fatal. Four of 68 patients (6%) who subsequently received Erwinase therapy also reacted allergic to Erwinase.

Conclusion

Clinical allergy to PEG‐asparaginase occurred early in treatment, was in general moderate in severity, and mostly developed within 2 hr after PEG‐asparaginase administration. The risk of subsequent Erwinase allergic reactions was low. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:427–433. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photovoltaics' architectural and landscape design options for Net Zero Energy Buildings, towards Net Zero Energy Communities: spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort related considerations
Authors: Scognamiglio Alessandra , Garde François
Published: November 2014

Net Zero Energy Building (NetZEB) design has become a crucial topic of research in recent years. Because of its complexity, discussion has been carried out on methodological criteria useful to define and assess NetZEBs (building system boundary, conversion factors, energy balance, interaction with the grid, monitoring, etc.), mainly with the engineering approach, and a number of case studies worldwide have been investigated. In regard to photovoltaics' (PV) design, research demonstrated the following: (1) PV is an indispensable technology for meeting the net zero energy target; (2) meeting the target of the net zero energy balance at the architectural scale (by using only the surfaces of the building envelope to place renewables) is very difficult and therefore (3) an extension of the balance boundary to a wider scale is needed. That is the concept of NetZEB should be advanced towards the one of Net Zero Energy Communities (NetZECs). In view of such an enlargement of the design domain, this paper investigates architectural and landscape design options (spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort considerations) for PV, on the basis of the analysis of case studies collected and assessed in the framework of the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme ‐ Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (SHC‐EBC) Task 40‐Annex 52 Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. Considering that the traditional understanding of the use of PV in buildings, mainly rooted in technological and morphological considerations, is not sufficient to describe all the issues emerging from this analysis, this paper is a contribution for setting a new cognitive framework in view of PV design for NetZECs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: A meta‐analysis and up‐date
Authors: Li Wang , Long Chen , Zhangxue Hu , Jinning Zhao , Shifang Tang , Juan Ma , Renjun Li , Yuan Shi
Published: November 2014

Objective

To evaluate whether nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) would decrease the requirement for endotracheal ventilation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and compare the related complications between these two noninvasive variations of respiratory support

Methods

A search of major electronic databases, including Medline (1980–2013) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, for randomized controlled trials that compared NIPPV versus NCPAP for preterm infants with RDS was performed.

Main Results

Six randomized controlled trials met selection criteria (n = 1,527). The meta‐analyses demonstrated significant decrease in the need for invasive ventilation in the NIPPV group (RR:0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.85). In the subgroup of infants who received surfactant also demonstrated a significant rate of failure of nasal support in the NIPPV group (RR:0.57; 95% CI 0.42–0.78). However, the subgroup of infants whose gestational age (GA) ≤ 30 weeks or birth weight (BW) < 1,500 g showed no difference between the two groups (RR:0.59; 95% CI 0.27–1.26); and the subgroup of infants whose GA > 30 weeks or BW > 1,500 g also showed no difference between the two groups (RR:0.63; 95% CI 0.29–1.39). No differences in other outcome variables were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

Among preterm infants with RDS, there was a significant decrease in the need for invasive ventilation in the NIPPV group as compared with NCPAP group, especially for the infants who received surfactant. However, NIPPV could not decrease the need for invasive ventilation both in the subgroup of infants whose GA ≤ 30 weeks or BW < 1,500 g and the subgroup of infants with BW of >30 weeks or BW > 1,500 g. It is limited to analysis the primary outcome generally. Larger trials of this intervention are needed to assess the difference in this primary outcome and the related complications between both forms of noninvasive respiratory support. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:402–409. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Materials Research for Group IV Semiconductors
Authors: Pizzini Sergio and , Kissinger Gudrun
Published: November 2014

This volume is a collection of papers presented at Symposium X “Materials Research for Group IV Semiconductors: Growth, Characterization, and Technological Developments” at the E‐MRS Spring Meeting 2014 held from May 26–30 in Lille, France.

Different from the recent past, the major challenges for fundamental research and technological development in microelectronics and photovoltaics are no more confined to bulk silicon and silicon devices but to a variety of options based on silicon alloys, nanocrystalline silicon, silicon nanowires, Ge films on silicon, and graphene. Group IV elements are dominating microelectronics, photovoltaics, and nano‐technology in their whole variety and with ongoing innovation potential.

The overall development is driven more and more by defect engineering procedures, optimized deposition processes and growth techniques, advanced diagnostics and modeling tools. Basic research on point defects and extended defects remains in the center of interest for both electronic and photovoltaic applications, being still important for solving defect related problems, for improved defect engineering, and to increase the efficiency of gettering processes in photovoltaic and electronic materials.

Crystal growth for electronic applications moves towards 450 mm diameter silicon ingots while photovoltaic applications are seeking a tradeoff between high quality of large volumes and cost efficiency. Advanced float‐zone processes open new opportunities, and modeling of crystal growth and defect generation for Si, Ge and Si–Ge alloys can help to facilitate these developments.

Optimization of epitaxial deposition of nitrides on silicon substrates as well as novel methods for the growth of graphene on silicon are in the center of interest because of their innovation potential for the optoelectronic and microelectronic industry. Selective epitaxy for advanced electronic applications and strain engineering in strained layer epitaxy are still important for the heterogeneous integration of Si or Ge in high‐end silicon device technologies.

Eventually, nanocrystalline group IV semiconductors in their whole variety from quantum dots, nanowires and superlattices offer a number of novel opportunities for new applications in view of “more than Moore”.

The symposium addressed its interest to all these topics and provided a successful forum for scientists coming from research institutions and industry of Asia, America, Australia, Africa, and Europe to discuss recent results and developments in materials research on group IV elements. In total, 72 oral and 113 poster presentations have made this symposium a fruitful expert meeting, with mutual benefits arising from technical and scientific interactions between academy and industry. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adults with Chromosome 18 Abnormalities
Authors: Soileau Bridgette , Hasi Minire , Sebold Courtney , Hill Annice , O'Donnell Louise , Hale Daniel E. , Cody Jannine D.
Published: November 2014

The identification of an underlying chromosome abnormality frequently marks the endpoint of a diagnostic odyssey. However, families are frequently left with more questions than answers as they consider their child's future. In the case of rare chromosome conditions, a lack of longitudinal data often makes it difficult to provide anticipatory guidance to these families. The objective of this study is to describe the lifespan, educational attainment, living situation, and behavioral phenotype of adults with chromosome 18 abnormalities. The Chromosome 18 Clinical Research Center has enrolled 483 individuals with one of the following conditions: 18q‐, 18p‐, Tetrasomy 18p, and Ring 18. As a part of the ongoing longitudinal study, we collect data on living arrangements, educational level attained, and employment status as well as data on executive functioning and behavioral skills on an annual basis. Within our cohort, 28 of the 483 participants have died, the majority of whom have deletions encompassing the TCF4 gene or who have unbalanced rearrangement involving other chromosomes. Data regarding the cause of and age at death are presented. We also report on the living situation, educational attainment, and behavioral phenotype of the 151 participants over the age of 18. In general, educational level is higher for people with all these conditions than implied by the early literature, including some that received post‐high school education. In addition, some individuals are able to live independently, though at this point they represent a minority of patients. Data on executive function and behavioral phenotype are also presented. Taken together, these data provide insight into the long‐term outcome for individuals with a chromosome 18 condition. This information is critical in counseling families on the range of potential outcomes for their child.
Strong maximum principle for Schrödinger operators with singular potential
Authors: Orsina Luigi , Ponce Augusto C.
Published: November 2014

We prove that for every

p > 1

and for every potential

V \in L^{p}

, any nonnegative function satisfying

−\mathrm{\Delta }u + Vu \geq 0

in an open connected set of

\mathbb{R}^{N}

is either identically zero or its level set

\{u = 0\}

has zero

W^{2,p}

capacity. This gives an affirmative answer to an open problem of Bénilan and Brezis concerning a bridge between Serrin–Stampacchia's strong maximum principle for

p > \frac{N}{2}

and Ancona's strong maximum principle for

p = 1

. The proof is based on the construction of suitable test functions depending on the level set

\{u = 0\}

, and on the existence of solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Schrödinger operator with diffuse measure data.
Antigen‐extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone graft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 enhances bone regeneration in repair of mandibular defect in rabbits
Authors: Li Ze‐jian , Lu Chun‐ting , Feng Zhi‐qiang , Zhao Qing‐tong , Zhou Zhi‐ying , Lai Ren‐fa
Published: November 2014

The effects of a large‐piece of xenogeneic bone that was separated from healthy pigs as a scaffold for the repair of a mandibular defect was investigated, and the applicability of antigen‐extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone (AXCB) soaked with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in bone defect repair was assessed. Mandibular defects were created in 48 New Zealand rabbits, and the animals were randomly divided into four groups, in which the mandibular defects were grafted with AXCB, AXCB soaked with rhBMP‐2, and autograft bone, or left blank. An equal number of animals from each group were classified into three time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks) after surgery for gross pathological observation, hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, radiographic examination, and bone density measurement. H and E staining revealed that the area percentage of bone regeneration in the group of the AXCB/rhBMP‐2 graft was 27.72 ± 4.68, 53.90 ± 21.92, and 77.35 ± 9.83 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively. These results were better than those of the autogenous bone graft, suggesting that the group of the AXCB/rhBMP‐2 graft achieved a good osteogenic effect. With regard to the AXCB graft without rhBMP‐2, the area percentage of bone regeneration was only 14.03 ± 5.02, 28.49 ± 11.35, and 53.90 ± 21.92. Therefore, the osteogenic effect of the AXCB/rhBMP‐2 graft was demonstrated to have the best effect. In the group of the AXCB/rhBMP‐2 graft, the area percentage of bone regeneration increased, and the implanted materials were gradually degraded and replaced by autogenous bone regeneration over time. We conclude that the AXCB graft soaked with rhBMP‐2 showed good osteogenic effect in the repair of bone defects and good biocompatibility. AXCB serves as a good carrier of rhBMP‐2, which promotes bone formation.
Licensed or Licentious? Examining Regulatory Discussions of Stripping in Ontario
Authors: Law Tuulia
Published: November 2014

This paper reflects on the moralization of the sex industry and the implications thereof in a case study of erotic dance in Ontario since the year 2000. It examines how subjects, objects, and practices are discursively formed and moralized in regulatory discussions of stripping and how subjects engage in and resist moralization. This article argues that in spite of the development of a labour discourse, a discourse moralizing stripping as prostitution, which is, in turn, framed as harmful and deviant, continues to inform regulation.
Böttcher coordinates for polynomial skew products
Authors: UENO KOHEI
Published: November 2014

It is known that a polynomial on $\mathbb{C}$ is holomorphically conjugate to its term of highest degree near infinity. By assigning suitable weights, we generalize this fact to polynomial skew products on $\mathbb{C}^{2}$.
Family Interactions Regarding Fathers’ Smoking and Cessation in Shanghai, China
Authors: Berg Carla J. , Zheng Pinpin , Kegler Michelle C.
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Spousal support predicts smoking cessation. China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco, with drastic differences in smoking prevalence among men and women. Thus, understanding marital interactions around husbands’ smoking has implications for cultures with similarly large gender disparities in smoking.

Aims: We examined interactions among family members regarding husbands’ smoking in homes with small children in Shanghai.

Methods: In Spring 2013, we conducted in-person semi-structured interviews among 13 male smokers and 17 female nonsmokers recruited from an urban and a suburban community in Shanghai.

Results/Findings: To encourage husbands’ cessation or reduction, some women reported intervening either directly or indirectly through their children, emphasizing the health consequences for the smoker and the family. Some women reported not conversing about cessation due to concern about conflict, tolerance, or resignation. Women reported that their husbands’ responses to anti-smoking messages from family members included promises to quit in the future or noting the strength of the nicotine addiction and the disadvantages of quitting. Men reported the importance of smoking in work/culture and argued against the research about the harms of smoking.

Conclusions: Interventions targeting motivators for cessation among men and to support women in encouraging their husbands’ cessation should be developed.
The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect in ASL: the role of semantics vs. perception
Authors: SECORA KRISTEN , EMMOREY KAREN
Published: November 2014

abstract

Embodied theories of cognition propose that humans use sensorimotor systems in processing language. The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect (ACE) refers to the finding that motor responses are facilitated after comprehending sentences that imply movement in the same direction. In sign languages there is a potential conflict between sensorimotor systems and linguistic semantics: movement away from the signer is perceived as motion toward the comprehender. We examined whether perceptual processing of sign movement or verb semantics modulate the ACE. Deaf ASL signers performed a semantic judgment task while viewing signed sentences expressing toward or away motion. We found a significant congruency effect relative to the verb’s semantics rather than to the perceived motion. This result indicates that (a) the motor system is involved in the comprehension of a visual–manual language, and (b) motor simulations for sign language are modulated by verb semantics rather than by the perceived visual motion of the hands.
Effects of depression co-morbidity and treatment on quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the Korean depression in ACS (K-DEPACS) and the escitalopram for depression in ACS (EsDEPACS) study
Authors: Kim J.-M. , Stewart R. , Bae K.-Y. , Kang H.-J. , Kim S.-W. , Shin I.-S. , Hong Y. J. , Ahn Y. , Jeong M. H. , Yoon J.-S.
Published: November 2014

Background

Depression is common after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with adverse effects on prognosis. There is little evidence on whether depression treatment improves quality of life (QoL) in ACS patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of co-morbid depression and its treatment on QoL in ACS.

Method

In total, 1152 patients were recruited at baseline, 2–14 weeks after a confirmed ACS episode, and 828 were followed 1 year thereafter. Of 446 baseline participants with co-morbid depressive disorders, 300 were randomized to a 24-week double blind trial of escitalopram or placebo, while the remaining 146 received medical treatment only (MTO). QoL was measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life –Abbreviated form (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results

At baseline, QoL was significantly lower in patients with co-morbid depressive disorder than those without. QoL improvement was significantly greater in those receiving escitalopram than those receiving placebo over the 24-week treatment period. In the 1-year follow-up, the better outcomes associated with escitalopram remained evident against both placebo and MTO.

Conclusions

Depression was significantly associated with worse QoL even in patients with recently developed ACS. Depression treatment was associated with QoL improvement in ACS patients in the 24-week treatment period, the effects of which extended to 1 year.
Is there a role for vitamin C in preventing osteoporosis and fractures? A review of the potential underlying mechanisms and current epidemiological evidence
Authors: Finck Henriette , Hart Andrew R. , Jennings Amy , Welch Ailsa A.
Published: November 2014

Osteoporosis and related fractures are a major global health issue, but there are few preventative strategies. Previously reported associations between higher intakes of fruits and vegetables and skeletal health have been suggested to be partly attributable to vitamin C. To date, there is some evidence for a potential role of vitamin C in osteoporosis and fracture prevention but an overall consensus of published studies has not yet been drawn. The present review aims to provide a summary of the proposed underlying mechanisms of vitamin C on bone and reviews the current evidence in the literature, examining a potential link between vitamin C intake and status with osteoporosis and fractures. The Bradford Hill criteria were used to assess reported associations. Recent animal studies have provided insights into the involvement of vitamin C in osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, and its role as a mediator of bone matrix deposition, affecting both the quantity and quality of bone collagen. Observational studies have provided some evidence for this in the general population, showing positive associations between dietary vitamin C intake and supplements and higher bone mineral density or reduced fracture risk. However, previous intervention studies were not sufficiently well designed to evaluate these associations. Epidemiological data are particularly limited for vitamin C status and for fracture risk and good-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm previous epidemiological findings. The present review also highlights that associations between vitamin C and bone health may be non-linear and further research is needed to ascertain optimal intakes for osteoporosis and fracture prevention.
Models for CSP with availability information
Authors: LOWE GAVIN
Published: November 2014

We consider models of CSP based on recording availability information, i.e. the models record what events could have been performed instead of those that were actually performed. We present many different varieties of such models. For each, we give a compositional semantics, congruent to the operational semantics, and prove full abstraction and no-junk results. We compare the expressiveness of the different models.
Aphorismen und Foto-Montagebilder: Was verbindet sie, was vermögen sie?
Authors: Klosinski Gunther
Published: November 2014

Aphorismen und Foto-Montagebilder als verdichtete Kompositionen entsprechen Wort- und Bildcollagen,  denen das spielerische Element innewohnt. Sie wirken im Grenzbereich der Fantasie und des Phantastischen, vermögen anzurühren und tragen therapeutisches Potential in sich im Sinne rezeptiver Kunsttherapie.
Subatomare Bewusstheit und Musiktherapie
Authors: Mastnak Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

Im Fokus der Arbeit steht das neurowissenschaftlich bislang ungelöste Problem der qualitativen Umsetzung von biochemischer Information auf Mentalprozesse. Die transversale Annahme einer solchen Umsetzung wird hier abgelehnt und von qualitativ unterschiedlichen Stufen des Aufbaus materieller und psychischer Wirklichkeiten ausgegangen. Beide konvergieren im hier vorgestellten Modell nach unten zu einem Feld, welches als energetisches Vakuum bezeichnet wird und die entscheidende Rolle in der Kommunikation von materieller und geistiger Welt spielen soll. Dabei wird qualitativen Transformationsprozessen und Instabilitäten essentielle Bedeutung zugemessen. Die Wirkung von Musiktherapie wird mit diesem Modell assoziiert und physikalisch begründete Interventionsformen werden als mögliche Alternative zu biochemischer Medikation postuliert.
Facile synthesis of gold and gold-based alloy nanowire networks using wormlike micelles as soft templates
Authors: Gao Xinpei , Lu Fei , Dong Bin , Liu Yizhi , Gao Yanan , Zheng Liqiang
Published: November 2014

Zwitterionic wormlike micelles with AuCl4− counterions were fabricated for the first time as the soft templates for colloidal synthesis of gold and gold-based alloy nanowire networks.
Unequal effect of ethanol–water on the stability of ct-DNA, poly[(dA–dT)]2 and poly(rA)·poly(rU). Thermophysical properties
Authors: Ruiz Rebeca , Hoyuelos Francisco J. , Navarro Ana M. , Leal José M. , García Begoña
Published: November 2014

Molar apparent volumes (ϕV) show that solvation depends on the ethanol content and type of polynucleotide, in the sequence poly(rA)·poly(rU) < ct-DNA < [poly(dA–dT)]2.
Recoverable and recyclable water-soluble sulphonated salicylaldimine Rh(i) complexes for 1-octene hydroformylation in aqueous biphasic media
Authors: Matsinha Leah C. , Mapolie Selwyn F. , Smith Gregory S.
Published: November 2014

A series of water-soluble Rh(i) mononuclear complexes of general formula: [Rh(sulphsal-X-R)(COD)] [sulphsal = sulphonated salicylaldimine, COD = cyclooctadiene; where R = H, Cl, CH3and X = H,tBu] have been synthesized.
Gold(i) thiotetrazolates as thioredoxin reductase inhibitors and antiproliferative agents
Authors: Serebryanskaya Tatiyana V. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Schur Julia , Frias Corazon , Prokop Aram , Ott Ingo
Published: November 2014

Gold(i) complexes with thiotetrazolate ligands are potent TrxR inhibitors with activity in drug resistant Nalm-6 cells.
A pre-structured helix in the intrinsically disordered 4EBP1
Authors: Kim Do-Hyoung , Lee Chewook , Cho Ye-Jin , Lee Si-Hyung , Cha Eun-Ji , Lim Ji-Eun , Sabo T. Michael , Griesinger Christian , Lee Donghan , Han Kyou-Hoon
Published: November 2014

The eIF4E–binding protein 1 (4EBP1) has long been known to be completely unstructured without any secondary structures. We show here that it contains a pre-structured helix that presages the eIF4E-bound helix.
Electroactive carbon nanoforms: a comparative study via sequential arylation and click chemistry reactions
Authors: Mateos-Gil Jaime , Rodríguez-Pérez Laura , Moreno Oliva María , Katsukis Georgios , Romero-Nieto Carlos , Herranz Ma Ángeles , Guldi Dirk M. , Martín Nazario
Published: November 2014

Carbon nanoforms behave differently in sequential arylation-click chemistry reactions, which impact on their properties.
Synthesis of vertical aligned TiO2@polyaniline core–shell nanorods for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Lei , Qi Bin , Yang Guocheng , Gong Jian
Published: November 2014

Ordered TiO2@polyaniline nanorods exhibiting high specific capacitance were prepared by a simple method. The specific capacitance retention of the product is over 85% after 1000 charge and discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1.
SiO2@Ag/AgCl: a low-cost and highly efficient plasmonic photocatalyst for degrading rhodamine B under visible light irradiation
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Wang Man , Pei Yanyan , Ai Changchun , Yuan Liangjie
Published: November 2014

The micro/nano-structure composite SiO2@Ag/AgCl was employed as a low cost photocatalyst for the degradation of RhB in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance and stability.
MOF-derived microporous carbon as a better choice for Na-ion batteries than mesoporous CMK-3
Authors: Qu Qunting , Yun Jiaojiao , Wan Zhongming , Zheng Huiyuan , Gao Tian , Shen Ming , Shao Jie , Zheng Honghe
Published: November 2014

MOF-derived microporous carbon (ZIF-C) exhibits considerably higher capacity and better reversibility than mesoporous CMK-3 as anode material of Na-ion batteries.
Antimicrobial effects of silver deposited on nanolayered manganese oxide
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Zahraee Ali , Amini Emad , Ahari-Mostafavi Mohammad Mahdi , Kompany-Zareh Mohsen
Published: November 2014

The antimicrobial effects of silver deposited on nanolayered manganese oxide forEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswere considered.
Investigating the thermoelectric properties of p-type half-Heusler Hfx(ZrTi)1−xCoSb0.8Sn0.2 by reducing Hf concentration for power generation
Authors: He Ran , Kim Hee Seok , Lan Yucheng , Wang Dezhi , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng
Published: November 2014

Based on the fact that Hf is much more expensive than other commonly used elements in HfCoSb-based half-Heusler materials, we studied the thermoelectric properties of the p-type half-Heusler Hfx(ZrTi)1−xCoSb0.8Sn0.2 by reducing Hf concentration.
Computational design of molecules for an all-quinone redox flow battery
Authors: Er Süleyman , Suh Changwon , Marshak Michael P. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate a successful high-throughput screening approach for the discovery of inexpensive, redox-active quinone molecules for organic-based aqueous flow batteries.
Equivalent circuit model of a coaxial excited microstrip‐fed quasi‐lumped element resonator antenna array
Authors: Olokede Seyi Stephen , Adamariko Clement Anowe , Qasaymeh Yazeed Mohammed
Published: November 2014

An approximate lumped‐parameter equivalent circuit model of the quasi‐lumped element resonator antenna array is presented. The array consists of six series resonant circuits of frequency‐independent elements, each with an interdigital finger capacitor (IDC), and shorted across by a parallel narrow strip inductor. Each resonator exhibits an aperture size of 0.207λg × 0.2λg at a centre frequency of 5.8 GHz, with entire array size of 2.857λg × 1.07λg. The resulting design is fed by a microstrip line and excited by a coaxial feed probe. A simple equivalent circuit model representing the six resonant circuits as well as the coaxial feed probe circuit, using the magnetic‐frill model approach but with the simplest uniform‐current model is described to predict the characteristics of the proposed resonator (and by extension, the proposed array), the effects of the coaxial probe and the microstrip feed line. Simulated data obtained from a full wave analysis using finite integration technique commercial solver is compared with the Agilent advanced design system results of the equivalent circuit. The derived equivalent circuit model was validated both analytically and by numerical simulations.