bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of avian hepatitis E virus (Orthohepevirus B) in chickens, ducks, geese, and western capercaillies in Poland
Authors: Siedlecka Magdalena , Kublicka Agata , Wieliczko Alina , Matczuk Anna Karolina
Published: June 2022

Orthohepevirus B, commonly known as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), causes big liver and spleen disease (BLS) or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens. BLS is an emerging disease among chicken flocks in several countries around the world. In our previous studies, serology and molecular biology screening revealed that chicken flocks are widely affected by aHEV in Poland. The present study, which was conducted between 2019 and 2020, aimed to investigate the prevalence of aHEV in chicken flocks and other poultry, including ducks, geese, and turkeys. A total of 307 flocks were examined. In addition, 29 samples from captive wild birds (western capercaillies, Tetrao urogallus) were analyzed. In all the investigated poultry species, except turkeys, the nucleic acid sequence covering part of the ORF1 gene of the aHEV genome was detected (34/336 samples, 10.1%). The infection rate was found to be the highest in broiler breeder chicken flocks (14/40 samples; 35%). Phylogenetic analysis of partial ORF1 gene, which encodes helicase, revealed that the obtained sequences belonged to genotypes 2 and 4, while one belonged to genotype 3. Genotype 2 was detected for the first time in domestic geese and ducks, and genotype 4 was detected for the first time in Poland. The study demonstrated the presence of aHEV among the investigated western capercaillies, suggesting that this species is susceptible to aHEV infections and biosecurity is therefore required in western capercaillie breeding facilities.
Color and morphological differentiation in the Sinaloa Wren (Thryophilus sinaloa) in the tropical dry forests of Mexico: The role of environment and geographic isolation
Authors: Malpica Andreia , Mendoza-Cuenca Luis , González Clementina
Published: June 2022

The role and the degree to which environment and geographic isolation contribute to phenotypic diversity has been widely debated. Here, we studied phenotypic variation (morphology and plumage reflectance) in the Sinaloa Wren, an endemic bird distributed throughout the tropical dry forest (TDF) on the Mexican pacific slope where a pronounced variability in environmental conditions has been reported. In particular, we aimed: 1) to characterize phenotypic variation between subspecies; 2) to analyze the relationship between phenotypic and environmental variation in the context of classic ecogeographic rules, such as Bergmann’s, Allen’s, Gloger’s, and Bogert’s, and to quantify the relative roles of environment and geographic isolation and their interaction in shaping phenotypic variation; and 3) to test for niche conservatism between subspecies. Our data revealed significant differences among subspecies morphology and plumage reflectance. The environment explained a higher proportion of the morphological variation, while geography explained a smaller proportion. However, variation in plumage reflectance was mainly explained by the joint effect of geography and environment. Our data did not support for Bergmann´s and Allen´s rule. However, longer tails and wings were positively associated with higher elevations, larger tarsus and culmens were positively related to higher latitudes and to greater tree cover, respectively. Our data partially supported Gloger´s rule, where darker plumages were associated with more humid environments. The effects of temperature on plumage coloration were more consistent with Bogert´s rule. In addition, we found darker plumages related to higher levels of UV-B radiation. Finally, niche divergence was detected betweenT.s.cinereusandT.s.sinaloavs.T.s.russeus. In a continuously distributed ecosystem such as the TDF on the pacific slope of Mexico, the environmental conditions and geographic isolation have played an important role in promoting phenotypic differentiation in the Sinaloa Wren.
Parsimonious root systems and better root distribution can improve biomass production and yield of soybean
Authors: Noh Enoch , Fallen Benjamin , Payero Jose , Narayanan Sruthi
Published: June 2022

Enhancing the acquisition of belowground resources has been identified as an opportunity for improving soybean productivity worldwide. Root system architecture is gaining interest as a selection criterion in breeding programs for enhancing soil resource acquisition and developing climate-resilient varieties. Here we are presenting two novel characteristics of soybean root system architecture that improve aboveground growth and yield. Eleven selected soybean genotypes were tested under rain-fed conditions in 2019 and 2020 at two locations in South Carolina, in which one of the locations was characterized by compacted soils. The elite SC breeding line SC07-1518RR, exotic pedigree line N09-12854, and slow wilting line N09-13890 were superior genotypes in terms of biomass production, seed yield, and/or water use efficiency. Genotypes N09-12854 and N09-13890 demonstrated reduced root development (based on total root count and length), likely to restrict belowground growth and allocate more resources for shoot growth. This characteristic, which can be referred as a parsimonious root phenotype, might be advantageous for soybean improvement in high-input production systems (characterized by adequate fertilizer application and soil fertility) that exist in many parts of the world. Genotype SC07-1518RR exhibited a similar strategy: while it maintained its root system at an intermediate size through reduced levels of total root count and length, it selectively distributed more roots at deeper depths (53–70 cm). The increased root distribution of SC07-1518RR at deeper depths in compacted soil indicates its root penetrability and suitability for clayey soils with high penetration resistance. The beneficial root phenotypes identified in this study (parsimonious root development and selective root distribution in deeper depths) and the genotypes that possessed those phenotypes (SC07-1518RR, N09-12854, and N09-13890) will be useful for breeding programs in developing varieties for optimal, drought, and compacted-soil conditions.
Quantifying the rise and fall of scientific fields
Authors: Singh Chakresh Kumar , Barme Emma , Ward Robert , Tupikina Liubov , Santolini Marc
Published: June 2022

Science advances by pushing the boundaries of the adjacent possible. While the global scientific enterprise grows at an exponential pace, at the mesoscopic level the exploration and exploitation of research ideas are reflected through the rise and fall of research fields. The empirical literature has largely studied such dynamics on a case-by-case basis, with a focus on explaining how and why communities of knowledge production evolve. Although fields rise and fall on different temporal and population scales, they are generally argued to pass through a common set of evolutionary stages. To understand the social processes that drive these stages beyond case studies, we need a way to quantify and compare different fields on the same terms. In this paper we develop techniques for identifying common patterns in the evolution of scientific fields and demonstrate their usefulness using 1.5 million preprints from the arXiv repository covering 175 research fields spanning Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology and Quantitative Finance. We show that fields consistently follow a rise and fall pattern captured by a two parameters right-tailed Gumbel temporal distribution. We introduce a field-specific re-scaled time and explore the generic properties shared by articles and authors at the creation, adoption, peak, and decay evolutionary phases. We find that the early phase of a field is characterized by disruptive works mixing of cognitively distant fields written by small teams of interdisciplinary authors, while late phases exhibit the role of specialized, large teams building on the previous works in the field. This method provides foundations to quantitatively explore the generic patterns underlying the evolution of research fields in science, with general implications in innovation studies.
Collaborative improvement on acute opioid prescribing among diverse health systems
Authors: Clements Casey M. , Hanson Kristine T. , Zavaleta Kathryn W. , Stitz Amber M. , Clark Sean E. , Schwarz Randy R. , Homan Jessica R. , Larson Mark V. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Gazelka Halena M. ,   on behalf of the Mayo Clinic Care Network Acute Opioid Prescribing Collaborative
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite broad awareness of the opioid epidemic and the understanding that patients require much fewer opioids than traditionally prescribed, improvement efforts to decrease prescribing have only produced modest advances in recent years.

Methods and findings

By using a collaborative model for shared expertise and accountability, nine diverse health care systems completed quality improvement projects together over the course of one year to reduce opioid prescriptions for acute pain. The collaborative approach was flexible to each individual system’s goals, and seven of the nine participant institutions definitively achieved their desired results.

Conclusions

This report demonstrates the utility of a collaborative model of improvement to bring about real change in opioid prescribing practices and may inform quality improvement efforts at other institutions.
Positivity rates of SAR-CoV-2 infection in orthodontic patients at the orthodontic clinic, University of Illinois Chicago
Authors: Atsawasuwan Phimon , Del Campo Dhammacari Martin , Del Campo Laura Martin , Viana Grace , Ravindran Sriram , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Kadkol Shrihari
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has impacted and increased risks for healthcare providers, including orthodontists. There is no information regarding the potential transmission risks in the orthodontic community. This study aims to compare the positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in orthodontic patients at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) orthodontic clinic to the positivity rate of the local population in Chicago. All orthodontic patients who sought treatment at the UIC orthodontic clinic from June 16 to October 31, 2021, were invited to participate in the study. Three milliliters of saliva from the participants were collected in the sample collection tubes and subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay to detect SAR-CoV-2. All participants’ age, sex, history of COVID-19 infection, and vaccination status were recorded. The COVID-19 positivity rates of Chicago, Cook County of Illinois, and the orthodontic clinic at UIC were compared. One thousand four hundred and thirty-seven orthodontic patients aged 6 to 70 years old (41.8% males and 58.2% females) participated in the study. Among all participants, nine participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (5 males and 4 females). During the study, the average COVID-19 positivity rate at the UIC orthodontic clinic was 0.626%. All of the positive participants were asymptomatic, and two of the participants had a history of COVID-19 infection. Among all positive participants, three participants had received complete COVID-19 vaccination. An increased frequency of positive cases at the orthodontic clinic was observed during the time of high positivity rate in Chicago and Cook County. A potential risk of COVID-19 transmission from patients to orthodontic providers remains, even with asymptomatic and vaccinated patients.
Clinical effects of laser-based cavity preparation on class V resin-composite fillings
Authors: Heyder Markus , Sigusch Bernd , Hoder-Przyrembel Christoph , Schuetze Juliane , Kranz Stefan , Reise Markus
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present clinically controlled two-year study was to investigate the influence of laser-based cavity preparation on the long-term performance of Class V resin-composite fillings. Class V non-carious lesions (n = 75) were randomly assigned to two test and one control group. Cavities in both test groups were prepared using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase MD, Biolase, Irvine, California, USA). The device was operated at 3 W (150 mJ, 30 J/cm2), 50% water, 60% air, 30 Hz in H mode. Subsequently, laser-prepared tooth surfaces in test group I (n = 21) were additionally conditioned by acid etching (etch-and-rinse). Laser-prepared cavities of test group II (n = 21) received no additional acid conditioning. After application of an adhesive, all cavities were restored using the resin-composite Venus®. For cavities in the control group (n = 33) conventional diamond burs were used for preparation which was followed by an etch-and-rinse step, too. The fillings were evaluated immediately (baseline) and after 6, 12 and 24 months of wear according to the C-criteria of the USPHS-compatible CPM-index. The results showed that after 24 month of wear, laser-preparation was associated with fillings of high clinical acceptability. Compared to conventional bur-based treatment, laser-based cavity preparation resulted in fillings with high marginal integrity and superior marginal ledge configurations (p = 0.003). Furthermore, laser-preparation combined with additional acid-conditioning (test group I) resulted in fillings with the best marginal integrity and the lowest number in marginal discoloration, especially at the enamel-composite margins (p = 0.044). In addition, total loss of fillings was also less frequently observed in both laser groups as compared to the control. The results clearly demonstrate that laser-based cavity preparation will benefit the clinical long-time performance of Class V resin-composite fillings. Furthermore, additional acid-conditioning after laser preparation is of advantage.
Integrating the effects of driving forces on ecosystem services into ecological management: A case study from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Huang Ying , Feng Tian , Niu Shaofei , Hao Desheng , Gan Xiaoyu , Zhou Bo
Published: June 2022

Driving forces are the factors that lead to the observed changes in the quantity and quality of ecosystem services (ESs). The relationship between driving forces and ESs involves considerable scale-related information. Place-based ecological management requires this information to support local sustainable development. Despite the importance of scale in ES research, most studies have only examined the association between ESs and their drivers at a single level, and few studies have examined this relationship at various scales or analyzed spatial heterogeneity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of the scale-dependent effects of drivers on ESs for localized ecological management. The biophysical values of ESs were calculated using several ecological simulation models. The effects of driving forces on ESs were explored using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Variations in the effects of driving forces on ESs were examined at three scales: provincial, ecoregional, and subecoregional scales. Finally, canonical correlation analysis was used to identify the major environmental factors associated with these variations in each ecoregion. Our results show that (1) the distribution of soil conservation and water yield is highly heterogeneous; (2) four driving forces have significant positive and negative impacts on soil conservation and water yield, and their effects on the two services vary spatially (p < 0.05); (3) the impacts of drivers on ESs vary across different spatial scales, with a corresponding shift in the related environmental factors; and (4) in the study area, at the provincial scale, physical, topographical, and biophysical factors were key factors associated with the variations in the relationship between ESs and drivers, and at the ecoregional and subecoregional scales, physical, socioeconomic, topographical, and biophysical factors all contributed to these changes. Our results suggest that significant differences in topographical conditions (e.g., altitude, slope) can be incorporated for exploring the relationship between drivers and ESs and optimizing ecological management at the provincial scale, whereas significant differences in physical and socioeconomic conditions (e.g., urbanization levels, human activity, vegetation coverage) are more meaningful for localized ecological management at the ecoregional and subecological scales. These findings provide a basis for understanding the relationship between drivers and ESs at multiple scales as well as guidelines for improving localized ecological management and achieving sustainable development.
Mrs Hazlitt’s Divorce
Authors: Warner Sylvia Townsend
Published: June 2022

An essay in which Warner speculates on the character and circumstances of William Hazlitt’s wife Sarah (née Stoddart) during the stay in Scotland from April to June 1822 which was necessary for their divorce to be concluded. Warner draws on Sarah’s Journal of her travels in Scotland.
Investigating the Impact of Min-Max Data Normalization on the Regression Performance of K-Nearest Neighbor with Different Similarity Measurements
Authors: Muhammad Ali Peshawa J.
Published: June 2022

K-nearest neighbor (KNN) is a lazy supervised learning algorithm, which depends on computing the similarity between the target and the closest neighbor(s). On the other hand, min-max normalization has been reported as a useful method for eliminating the impact of inconsistent ranges among attributes on the efficiency of some machine learning models. The impact of min-max normalization on the performance of KNN models is still not clear, and it needs more investigation. Therefore, this research examines the impacts of the min-max normalization method on the regression performance of KNN models utilizing eight different similarity measures, which are City block, Euclidean, Chebychev, Cosine, Correlation, Hamming, Jaccard, and Mahalanobis. Five benchmark datasets have been used to test the accuracy of the KNN models with the original dataset and the normalized dataset. Mean squared error (MSE) has been utilized as a performance indicator to compare the results. It’s been concluded that the impact of min-max normalization on the KNN models utilizing City block, Euclidean, Chebychev, Cosine, and Correlation depends on the nature of the dataset itself, therefore, testing models on both original and normalized datasets are recommended. The performance of KNN models utilizing Hamming, Jaccard, and Mahalanobis makes no difference by adopting min-max normalization because of their ratio nature, and dataset covariance involvement in the similarity calculations. Results showed that Mahalanobis outperformed the other seven similarity measures. This research is better than its peers in terms of reliability, and quality because it depended on testing different datasets from different application fields.
Las Scuole Leopoldine de Florencia (1778-1976): Enseñanza y Funcionamiento
Authors: Vázquez Astorga Mónica
Published: June 2022

This work focuses on the study of the four schools for povere zitelle (girls from low-income families) that were founded by Peter Leopold of Habsburg-Lorraine (1747-1792) in Florence between 1778 and 1781, when he was the Grand Duke of Tuscany. They were named Scuole Leopoldine (Leopoldine Schools) after him and were evidence of his reforming policy, as he was one of the emblematic figures of the enlightened reform. The schools were located in each of the four historic quarters of the city: Santa Caterina school (via delle Ruote), the first in opening its doors on 1 June 1778; San Salvadore school (via di Camaldoli), which started functioning on 1780; San Giorgio school (Corso dei Tintori, numbers 36 and 36ª), which was created in the summer of 1780; and San Paolo school (piazza Santa Maria Novella), which opened up on 19 March 1781. This paper is based on consulting the documentary resources on the Scuole Leopoldine held in the Archivio Storico del Comune in Florence. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the training programme implemented by the Grand Duke in these centres, where girls could receive free primary education and train on hand needlework to build a future through a profession (which gave these schools a practical and functional purpose). The transformation of this institution, which remained until 1976, at an organisational and administrative level, is also examined.
Entangled Histories of Reforms: Scottish Radicalism of Joseph and Allen Octavian Hume and Indian Education
Authors: Rao Parimala V
Published: June 2022

Thus wrote a retired officer about his opposition to the British elitist policies. This was no anomaly. Hume, like most of the Scottish officers in India, defended Indian interests before the colonial administration since his arrival in 1849. In 1854, as a young officer of Etawah district in North India, Hume countered the Orientalist idea that the people of Etawah were uncivilised. He established schools and interacted with Indians very closely. Unable to tolerate his reformist endeavours, he was transferred out of the district, and his schools were destroyed. His father, Joseph Hume, too had defended Indians on more than one occasion in the House of Commons and attempted to empower them by giving direct representation. This paper looks at the Scottish radicalism carried forward by the father and son duo, which dispels the conventional historical narratives that place all colonial officials as instruments of imperialist oppression.
From Scarcity to Abundance: Illich’s Educational Critique and Indigenous Learning
Authors: Beeman Chris
Published: June 2022

This paper takes as a beginning point Ivan Illich’s radical work on education and schooling, which began with his posting to Puerto Rico as vice-rector of the Catholic University at Ponce, in Puerto Rico, in 1956. This work continued with the Centre for Intercultural Documentation (CIDOC), in Cuernavaca, Mexico, through the publication of Deschooling Society (1971) and beyond. Three distinct phases in Illich’s conceptualization of schooling and education are traced. For the purpose of this paper, I will term them de-mythologizing, radical scrutinizing, and re-tooling). In the third phase, Illich and his colleague Edward Reimer posited that what is actually needed in reconsidering education is to improve human interaction with the tool of education. This insight formed part of Illich’s 1973 book, Tools for Conviviality, in which he explored what such a project might look like. In this paper, this idea is pushed further. I offer some stories of Teme Augama Anishinaabe Elders from Turtle Island (North America) with whom I have worked for several years, along with my reflections, to suggest an altogether different view of learning and education, one which takes place in a context of abundance.
CORRELATION OF INTERLEUKIN-23 SERUM LEVELS IN MEN WITH ACNE VULGARIS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Munthe Maria Hotmaida Carolina , Kusumaningrum Novi , Setyawati Amallia Nuggetsiana , Utomo Astika Widy , Santoso Santoso
Published: June 2022

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory condition of pilosebaceous unit that is common in adolescents and young adults. The pathogenesis of AV is multifactorial, one of which is inflammation. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) has an important role in the activity of T helper 17 (Th17) cells that produce IL-17 in chronic inflammation.Objective: To determine the correlation between serum IL-23 levels and AV severity in men.Methods: This is an analytical observational preliminary study with a cross-sectional design involving 15 male subjects with AV who were divided into groups of AV severity based on Lehmann’s criteria. The subjects were examined for serum IL-23 levels. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho non-parametric correlation test to determine the correlation between variables.Results: Mean IL-23 serum levels in men with AV was 111,05 ± 115,27 pg/ml, with mild AV was 210,57 ± 122,038 pg/ml, moderate AV was 103,65 ± 91,15 pg/ml and severe AV was 18,94 ± 15,76 pg/ml. There is a significant correlation between IL-23 serum levels and AV severity in men. (p = 0,001). Serum IL-23 levels decreased with increasing AV severity (r = -0,756).Conclusion: There is a strong negative correlation between IL-23 serum levels and AV severity in men.
How Can Maternal Age and Amount of Parity Affect the High Degree of Perineum Laceration and Neonatal Asphyxia in Vacuum Extraction Labor?
Authors: Tobari Ahmad Faiz , Sareharto Tun Paksi , Puspitasari Vannya Dewi , Setiyorini Nurul
Published: June 2022

Background: Complications that often occur in vacuum extraction are third and fourth degree lacerations and neonatal asphyxia. In addition, asphyxia is the third leading cause of infant mortality in the world. Apart from being influenced by the existing vacuum extraction factors, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and perineum laceration is also influenced by several maternal factors including maternal age and maternal parity.Objective: To prove the relationship between maternal age and parity number with perineum laceration and neonatal asphyxia after vacuum extraction at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical CentreMethods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The minimum sample required in this study is 26 patient data. The data used were data from the medical records of vacuum extraction patients at dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Centre Semarang which fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria by means of consecutive sampling. Then the data that has been collected is analyzed to find the relationship between variables.Results: Mothers who gave birth with the aid of vacuum extraction who suffered the most from third and fourth degree lacerations (31%) and neonatal asphyxia (15%) were women who were at risk (27%) and had the amount of parity at risk (23%). Chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between maternal age with perineum lacerations (p = 0.014), maternal age with neonatal asphyxia (p = 0.047), total parity with perineum lacerations (0.004), total parity with neonatal asphyxia (p = 0.028).Conclusion: There is a relationship between maternal age and parity with perineum lacerations and neonatal asphyxia after vacuum extraction in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Centre Semarang. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 perineum lacerations and neonatal asphyxia was most prevalent in women at risk age more than 35 years and at risk parity, namely primiparous The most influential risk factors for the occurrence of grade 3 and 4 perineum lacerations and neonatal asphyxia are primiparity.
LIQUID SMOKE SUBMERSIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACRYLIC PLATE TO THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Hutama Mochamad Haldi Tri , Windriyatna Windriyatna , Ngestiningsih Dwi , Ariani RR Mahayu Dewi , Prihatiningsih Tyas
Published: June 2022

Background: Acrylic denture was an alternative to replace a lost tooth, and surrounding tissues have the part of the acrylic plate, which was frequently a place of Candida albicans proliferation. The liquid smoke has a chemical compound of phenol which produced antimicrobial and could hamper or destroy Candida albicans.Objectives: To identify the acrylic plate's effectiveness, soaking into liquid smoke to the growth of Candida albicans.Methods: This research was categorized into experimental research which exerted post-test control group research design. The total sample in this research was 25 samples, four treatment groups, and one control group. This treatment covered acrylic plate soaking into liquid smoke in specific concentration level 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% to obstruct the growth of Candida albicans. Moreover, the statistic test was conducted through Kruskal-Wallis and continued to Post-Hoc test through Mann-Whitney theory.Findings: This research showed a significant difference between the amount of Candida albicans on the control group and liquid smoke group in concentrations 1%, 2%, 4%, and p-valuable = 0,005). Further, based on the Post-Hoc test result of Mann-Whitney, it referred significant difference between concentrations 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% within sterile aquades (p-value = 0,008).Conclusions: The liquid smoke shared effective concentration which functioned to hamper Candida albicans on the acrylic plate. The concentration level of 6% was the most effective concentration to interfere Candida albicans on the acrylic plate. Furthermore, it was not found any significant difference between resistibility of liquid smoke to Candida albicans on an acrylic plate with concentration level of 1%-6% which could be the most effective way to obstruct Candida albicans on acrylic plate.Keywords : Acrylic plate, Liquid smoke, Candida albicans
The Effect of Radiotherapy on Blood Components of Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Putri Afina Yuliani , Prajoko Yan Wisnu , Dewantiningrum Julian , Prihharsanti Ch Nawangsih
Published: June 2022

Background: Radiotherapy exposure is known to have a lethal effect on blood cells because hematopoietic cells are very sensitive to radiation exposure even at low doses. Cervical cancer with radiotherapy can have the effect of reducing blood cells. Blood cells that may experience the effects of radiotherapy include haemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets.Objective: Knowing the effects of radiotherapy towards blood components of cervical cancer patients.Methods: This study was an observational study with the type of study before and after design. Data collected from medical records as secondary data in the Radiotherapy Unit of Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2019-2020 with a total of 128 cervical cancer patients undergoing 3D radiotherapy. The statistical test used the Saphiro Wilk data normality test and the result data analysis used the Paired T Test and the Wilcoxon test.Results: Hypothesis testing for Hb levels using the Paired T Test showed an insignificant value of p=0.749 and p=0.141. Hypothesis test for the number of leukocytes and platelets using the Wilcoxon test. Leukocytes received a significant value of p=0.000 and insignificant p=0.957. Platelets received a significant value of p=0.000 and p=0.000. Hb value decreased by -0.44, leukocytes by -3.5, and platelets by -84.34.Conclusion: There was an insignificant decrease in haemoglobin levels yet significant decrease in leukocyte and platelet counts in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy where the platelets experienced the most decrease compared to haemoglobin and leukocytes.
Antidiarrheal Effect of Lime Peel Extract on Bisacodyl-Induced Mice
Authors: Sibarani Abraham Talent Bawadi , Hutami Hesti Triwahyu , Maharani Nani , Nindita Yora
Published: June 2022

Background: Diarrhea is a condition of increased fecal water content of more than 200 grams or 200 ml/24 hours with a liquid or semi-liquid consistency. Complications of diarrhea, dehydration and malnutrition are still world health problems. Lime peel extract contains tannins which have astringent properties. Tannins are indicated as an alternative anti-diarrheal agent by tightening and forming a protective layer on the intestinal mucosa thereby reducing osmolarity.Aim: To examine the consistency, fecal water content, and frequency of defecation of bisacodyl-induced diarrhea in mice that are given lime peel extract.Methods: This research was an experimental with post test only group design. Thirty-six male mice were included and then divided into 5 groups with bisacodyl induction and 1 normal control group (KM) without bisacodyl induction. The negative control group (KN) was given 0.5 ml Tween 80 1%, the positive control group (KP) was given attalpugite 0.4 mg/40gW, treatment group 1 (X1), treatment group 2 (X2), treatment group 3 (X3 ) were given lime peel extract at graded doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/KgW. Consistency, fecal water content, and frequency of defecation were observed every 30 minutes for 4 hours by observing the consistency of feces, weighing wet and dry feces to measure the water content, and measuring the frequency of defecation in each group. Data were analyzed statitiscally using Kruskal Wallis test with Post Hoc Mann Whitney test.Results: There were significant differences between the comparison of defecation frequency in the X3 group and the KM group, for the fecal water content comparison between the X3 group and the KN group, and no significant differences in the following group comparisons.Conclusion: Lime peel extract cannot reduce the frequency of defecation, fecal water content, and increase the consistency of feces significantly.Keywords: Diarrhea, lime peel extract, tannins, astringent, consistency, fecal water content, frequency of defecation.
THE CORRELATION OF LONG-TERM COMBINATION TREATMENT OF VALPROIC ACID AND TOPIRAMATE ON SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS AMONG CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY
Authors: Muhartomo Hexanto , Widiastuti M.I , Kustiowati Endang , Bintoro Aris Catur , Wati Arinta Puspita , Putranti Alifiani Hikmah , Sinaga Rony Parlindungan
Published: June 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by unprovoked seizure. Vitamin D is necessary in child development process and is strongly influenced by the presence of anti-epileptic drugs.Objective: To determine the correlation of treatment duration and serum vitamin D levels in children with epilepsy who use the combination of valproic acid and topiramateMethods: A cross sectional study among forty pediatric patients with epilepsy with age range of 5-10 years at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Examination of serum vitamin D levels is done by ELISA. Statistical analysis using Spearman correlation test and partial correlation test with significance level p = 0.05.Results: The mean of serum vitamin D levels in patient with combination treatment after 24 months was 21.87±1.21ng/ml, in those who still having seizure was 27.94±2.40ng/ml, and among who received delayed therapy was 23.23±2.07ng/ml. Bivariate analysis depicted that there was negative correlation between duration of treatment (rho= -0.850, p<0.001), onset of therapy (rho=0.604, p<0.001) and seizure frequency (rho=0.559, p<0.001) with serum vitamin D levels. Partial correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between duration of treatment and serum vitamin D levels after adjusted by onset of therapy (rho=-0.839, p<0.001) and seizure frequency (rho=-0.856, p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a correlation between the duration of treatment and serum vitamin D levels among children with epilepsy
The Effect of Espresso and Drip Brewing Coffee Methode to The Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin
Authors: Atmani Rahmadani Widya , Purbaningrum Diah Ajeng , Fulyani Faizah , Batubara Lusiana
Published: June 2022

Background: The most restoration material used currently in dentistry was composite resin. The newest generation of composite resin was bulk-fill composite resin. The bulk-fill composite resin had advantages of lower polymerization contraction and a more straightforward and faster restoration technique. One of the factors which could affect the hardness of composite resin was the consumption of acidic drinks. The acidic beverage that people often consumed is coffee. A few coffee brewing methods were espresso and drip brewing.Objective: This research aimed to identify the effects of coffee soaking through espresso and drip brewing methods on bulk-fill composite resin's hardness.Methods: his research was experimental research, with a post-test control group design and a total sample of 27 samples. The soaking process was taken for seven days at a temperature of 37˚C on artificial saliva, espresso, and drip brewing coffee methods. The hardness of bulk-fill composite resin was measured after seven days by using Vickers hardness. The statistic test exerted One-Way ANOVA.Results: This research found a significant difference in bulk-fill composite resin's hardness among all groups, p-value = 0.00 (p<0.05). The result of the post-hoc LSD test showed a significant difference in the change of bulk-fill composite resin hardness between the artificial saliva group and espresso group (p=0,00) and no significant difference found between the artificial saliva group and drip brewing group (p=0.85).Conclusion: Soaking with espresso coffee has the smallest hardness value compared to soaking with drip brewing coffee and artificial saliva, so soaking with espresso coffee is the most influential on the hardness of the bulk fill composite resin.
The Effect of Carbonated, Isotonic, and Yoghurt Drinks to the Hardness of Bulk Fill Composite Resin
Authors: Ratnasari Tyagita Haning , Hardini Nadia , Prabowo Yoghi Bagus , Fulyani Faizah
Published: June 2022

Background: Composite resin often used as a restoration material due to its advantages in the aesthetic field. The bulk-fill type is one of the composite resin that can be applied directly into cavities as deep as 4 mm, so that restoration procedure becomes easy and effective. Hence, exposure to various acidic drinks can reduce the hardness of composite resins and eventually lead to failure of the tooth restoration process.Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of several commercial acidic drinks, (carbonated, isotonic, and yogurt) on the hardness of bulk-fill composite resins.Method: This research was an experimental study with a post-test control group design. Twenty-four specimens were made with the size 10 x 4 mm using the metal mold rings. Specimens were divided into 4 groups for artificial saliva (served as a control), carbonated, isotonic, and yogurt. Specimens were immersed in storage agents for 5 seconds followed by artificial saliva for 5 seconds. This cycle was repeated 20 times for 14 days. The bulk-fill composite resin hardness was measured using a Micro Vickers Hardness Tester with a load of 100 grams for 10 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSDResults: Data were normally distributed and homogeneous with p > 0.05. The One Way ANOVA test showed the biggest difference in bulk fill composite resin between 4 groups (p < 0.001). The Post Hoc LSD test showed significant differences between all groups (p < 0.001)Conclusion: Carbonated, isotonic, and yogurt drink significantly decreased surface microhardness of bulk-fill composites resin but the carbonated drinks greatly reduce the hardness value since it has the lowest pH of 2.3.
Air Pollution Exposure and Physical Exhaustion in Relation to GSH:GSSG Ratio of Online-Based Motorcycle Drivers
Authors: Junior Nabilla Nurcahya , Pramono Dodik , Kholis Fathur Nur , Batubara Lusiana
Published: June 2022

Background: Online motorcycle drivers work more than 10 hours a day, surpassing the international working hour regulations. Working hours are directly proportional to air pollution exposure generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, physical exercise also contributes to the generation of ROS due to greater oxygen utilization by mitochondria. The ratio of GSH to GSSG represents the oxidative stress level in body tissues.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the length of air pollution exposure and the level of physical exhaustion to GSH:GSSG ratio of online motorcycle drivers.Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study of 16 male online motorcycle drivers. The GSH:GSSG ratio was assessed by ELISA with cyclic DTNB reaction principle. Length of air pollution exposure and level of physical exhaustion data were obtained from the interview. Statistical analysis was done to determine the correlation between variables.Results: The mean GSH:GSSG ratio in studied population is 0.69 ± 0.26, lower than 1 value of GSH:GSSG ratio represents high oxidative stress condition. Based on the correlation test, there are no correlation between length of air pollution exposure (r = -0.464, p = 0.070) and level of physical exhaustion (r = -0.439, p = 0.089) to GSH:GSSG ratio in online motorcycle drivers.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that online motorcycle drivers have a high level of oxidative stress, length of air pollution exposure, and status of physical exhaustion, which is not associated with the GSH:GSSG ratio.
Relationship between body mass index and postural balance among student of the martial arts club malikussaleh university
Authors: Handayani Melina , Sayuti Muhammad , Nadira Cut Sidrah
Published: June 2022

Relationship between body mass index and postural balance among student of the martial arts club malikussaleh university. Postural balance is an important component in martial arts. Every player martial art needs fast and strong movements so that the body must be well controlled. Disturbances such as body mass index (BMI) that are not ideal can affect postural stability. The height and shortness or the weight and lightness of a person will affect the location of the center of gravity that later will affect the balance. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between body mass index and postural balance among students of the Martial Arts Club Malikussaleh University. This study used a cross-sectional design which was conducted in March 2021 at the Bukit Indah Campus, Malikussaleh University. The sample of this study used total sampling with 49 respondents. Data collection was carried out by measuring body weight, height, static balance with a standing stork test and dynamic balance with a modified bass test of dynamic balance. The results of this study obtained BMI with the highest proportion is normal category, with 31 people (63.3%), while the static balance commonly found in the very good category with 11 people (22.4%), and dynamic balance commonly found in the balanced category with 29 people (59.2 %). The results of the chi-square analysis showed that there was a relationship between BMI with static balance (p = 0.019) and dynamic balance (p = 0.012). This study concludes that there is a relationship between BMI and postural balance among students of Martial Arts Club Malikussaleh University.
APPROPRIATE USAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ITS COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Putri Ivana Shafira , Hapsari Rebriarina , Ciptaningtyas V. Rizke
Published: June 2022

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics not only cause resistance, but also indirectly increase morbidity, mortality, and prolong the length of stay, which can lead to increased health care costs. Pneumonia is one of the infectious diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia. It requires various antibiotic treatment that makes the antibiotic selection need to be considered in both clinical terms and cost-effectiveness. Aim: This study aimed to determine the association between the quality of antibiotic and cost-effectiveness in hospitalized pneumonia patients at Diponegoro National Hospital Semarang in the period 2015 - 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in fifteen patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The medical records as samples were retrospectively obtained by total sampling method. The categories of antibiotic quality (appropriate and inappropriate) were determined according to the Gyssens criteria and analyzed using a cost-effectiveness table. The outcome measure was length of stay (LOS).  Results : Mean LOS, mean antibiotic cost, and median total direct hospital cost of appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic quality respectively 3,27 days versus 6 days (p = 0.275), 123,302 IDR versus 286,000 IDR (p = 0.020), and 3,317,100 IDR versus 3,878,600 IDR (p = 0,602). Based on the cost-effectiveness table, the position of appropriate antibiotic quality was in column G (dominant), while the position of inappropriate antibiotic quality was in column C (dominated).  Conclusions: The appropriate usage of antibiotics was more cost-effective than inappropriate. There was a significant differences of LOS between both categories.
QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS BEFORE AND AFTER ANTI-TB DRUGS ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Ksatriaputra Alesandro , Kholis Fathur Nur , Ngestiningsih Dwi , Hariyana Bambang
Published: June 2022

Background : Increased TB prevalence with and without diabetes mellitus affects the quality of life of the patients. Appropriate action on TB patients was needed in health status improvement and quality of life of the patients. SF-36 questionnaire as an instrument to assess the quality of life. Aim : To compare Quality of Life (QoL) between TB with diabetes mellitus patients and TB without diabetes mellitus patients before and after the treatment of tuberculosis. Methods : A cross-sectional design was performed in this study by collecting data from the medical record of patients in Kariadi Hospital Semarang who were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Research subjects were 44 people with 22 TB with diabetes mellitus patients and 22 TB without diabetes mellitus patients. The direct approach was carried out using the SF-36 questionnaire. The SF-36 questionnaire was filled out using telephone interview. All questions were scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 represents the highest level of function with interpretation the higher the score the higher the level of function, and vice versa. Statistical tests use Wilcoxon Test and Independent Samples T test. Results : Wilcoxon test on quality of life of TB patients with and without diabetes mellitus before and after treatment of tuberculosis was significant (p = 0.0040). Mean improvement in quality of life difference before and after treatment of tuberculosis in TB without diabetes mellitus patients (p = 41.72) was more significant than TB with diabetes mellitus patients (p = 26.38). Conclusion : There was a significant difference in quality of life between TB with and without diabetes mellitus patients before and after the treatment of tuberculosis as indicated by the SF-36 questionnaire score. TB without diabetes mellitus patients have more significant changes in quality of life compared to TB with diabetes mellitus patients.
Wiedza wyzwalająca
Authors: Pawlicki Aleksander
Published: June 2022

Artykuł dotyczy relacji wiadomości i umiejętności w podstawie programowej z historii. Na wstępie analizuje się, jak popularność niektórych koncepcji dydaktycznych (np. pracy z tekstem źródłowym), bez namysłu nad ich rzeczywistym sensem, prowadzi do pozorności zmian w nauczaniu. W tym kontekście rozważa się następnie, jak pojawiło się przekonanie, że umiejętności ważniejsze są od wiadomości. Prezentowana jest przy tym koncepcja „trzech przyszłości” Younga i Mullera i wprowadzone pojęcie wiedzy potężnej (powerful knowledge). Dowodzi się, że gwałtowny spór edukacyjnych tradycjonalistów i progresistów prowadzi do zagubienia ważnej prawdy o nierozerwalnym związku wiadomości i umiejętności. Równocześnie zaś pokazywane są próby zastosowania koncepcji powerful knowledge w praktyce pisania programu szkolnego. Artykuł kończy się prezentacją autorskiej wizji tego, jak należy dobierać te wiadomości i umiejętności, które trafią do podstawy programowej. Kluczami selekcji stają się wiedza o pisaniu historii, historia drugiego stopnia oraz kształtowanie wyobraźni socjologicznej.
Studia polonistyczne poza Polską: kompleksowy przykład Brukseli (ULB)
Authors: Ganowski Yoana
Published: June 2022

Często trudno jest zrozumieć pojęcie studiów polonistycznych za granicą. Autorka prezentuje polonistykę w stolicy Europy. W artykule omawia przypadek francuskojęzycznego Wolnego Uniwersytetu w Brukseli (ULB). Prezentuje polonistykę jako część slawistyki. Wskazuje ograniczenia wpływające na program nauczania. Opisuje niejednorodność studentów: ich różne pochodzenie, wykształcenie i reprezentowaną wielokulturowość. Przedstawia również program studiów oraz środki i rozwiązania ułatwiające optymalizację jednoczesnego nauczania języka i literatury. Wśród wykorzystywanych rozwiązań są nowe technologie, pobyty za granicą i spotkania z osobami mówiącymi w ojczystym języku. Podsumowując, nakreśla proces uczenia się studentów zagranicznych w Brukseli i trudności w nauczaniu, jakie mogą napotkać akademiccy nauczyciele na europejskiej uczelni. Proponuje środki zaradcze pomagające w przezwyciężaniu problemów edukacyjnych.