bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internistische Sonografie des Abdomens für Notaufnahmepatienten: Bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile?
Authors: Schiele Günter Maximilian , Pobiruchin Monika , Weickert Uwe
Published: April 2020

Einleitung Sollten Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden einer fokussierten Sonografie zugeführt werden oder bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile?

Methoden Retrospektive Analyse konsekutiver Notfallsonografien von 06/2012 bis 06/2013. Alle Patienten erhielten eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie. Die Befunde der vollständigen Sonografie wurden mit denjenigen verglichen, die eine auf die Beschwerden fokussierte Sonografie detektiert hätte, deren Untersuchungsgebiet von der jeweiligen Indikation abhing. Befunde wurden als relevant betrachtet, wenn sie zu diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Konsequenzen führten.

Es wurden Sensitivität und negativ prädiktiver Wert der fokussierten Sonografie bezogen auf relevante Befunde und geklärte Fragestellungen im Vergleich zur Abdominalsonografie (= Standard) berechnet.

Ergebnisse 629 Patienten erhielten Notfallsonografien (53 % Frauen). Das durchschnittliche Alter betrug 59 Jahre (18–97). Die fokussierte Sonografie entdeckte bei 63 % der Patienten (396/629) relevante Befunde. Bei 17 % (106/629) führte die vollständige Abdominalsonografie zu zusätzlichen relevanten Befunden. Die number needed to scan (NNScan) betrug 6 für einen zusätzlichen relevanten Befund. Die Sensitivität der fokussierten Sonografie bezüglich relevanter Befunde betrug 76 %, der negativ prädiktive Wert lag bei 64 %. Die Fragestellung konnte durch die fokussierte Sonografie in 57 % geklärt werden. Vollständige Sonografien klärten die Fragestellung in 63 %. Die NNScan lag bei 18.

Die Klärung der Fragestellung hing von der Indikation ab (90 % bei Ikterus und 45 % bei Schmerzen im linken oberen Quadranten) und nahm mit dem Alter der Patienten zu (37 % in der zweiten und 85 % in der zehnten Dekade).

Diskussion Vollständige Abdominalsonografien entdecken bei Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden mehr relevante Befunde und führen häufiger zu einer Klärung der Fragestellung als fokussierte Sonografien.
Therapie auf allen Kanälen – Digitale Physiotherapiepraxis
Authors: Raß Lisa
Published: April 2020

In der Physiotherapie ist ein guter Kontakt von Mensch zu Mensch unersetzlich. Vielleicht ist das der Grund, warum sich digitale Ansätze bisher eher zögerlich durchsetzen – obwohl es viele neue und spannende Möglichkeiten gibt. Pierre Schewczyk hat eine Praxis in Essen und ist überzeugt, dass digitale Kanäle den Kontakt zu seinen Patienten verbessern und viele Hilfsmittel die Arbeit erleichtern.
Arthrose-Check – Refresher: Klinische Untersuchung am Hüftgelenk
Authors: Sondermann Susanne , Petzold Ronny
Published: April 2020

Egal ob Berufsanfänger oder alter Hase – es lohnt sich immer, die strukturierte klinische Untersuchung am Hüftgelenk zu kennen. In diesem Refresher können Sie Ihr Wissen testen.
Das Leben bis zuletzt lebenswert machen – Physiotherapie in der ambulanten pädiatrischen Palliativversorgung
Authors: Sales Prado Monja
Published: April 2020

Mit vier Jahren erhält Felix die Diagnose Muskeldystrophie Duchenne. Seit zwölf Jahren ist er bei Physiotherapeutin Monja Sales Prado und ihren Kolleginnen in Behandlung. Sie berichten aus der Arbeit mit lebensverkürzt erkrankten Kindern, welche Herausforderungen Therapeuten erwarten und warum gelungene Teamarbeit unumgänglich ist.
Changes in Maternal Body Mass Index, Weight Gain and Outcome of Singleton Pregnancies from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Noever Kathrin , Schubert Julia , Reuschel Edith , Timmesfeld Nina , Arabin Birgit
Published: April 2020

Introduction Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) affect the outcomes of women and their offspring. Our aim was to evaluate population-based data from Germany.

Material and Methods Data from 583 633/791 514 mother-child pairs obtained from the perinatal database in Hesse for the period from 2000 to 2015 were used after excluding incomplete or non-plausible datasets. Early-stage pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were evaluated. Significant outcome changes were calculated using linear or logistic regression models.

Results The mean maternal age increased from 29.9 to 31.28 years; GWG increased from 445.1 to 457.2 g/week (p < 0.01). Similarly, rates for both overweight and obesity rose from 31.5 to 37.5% (p < 0.001). Cesarean section rates rose from 22.8 to 33.2% (p < 0.001) and rates of postpartum hemorrhage increased from 0.6 to 1% (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the rates for stillbirth or perinatal mortality (p = 0.92 and p = 0.53 respectively), but there was an increase in the rates of admissions to neonatal intensive care units from 7.8 to 9.5% (p < 0.0001). The percentage of newborns with an Apgar score of < 7 at 5 minutes increased from 1 to 1.1% (p < 0.01) and the rate of neonates with an umbilical artery pH of < 7.1 rose from 1.7 to 2.4% (p < 0.01).

Conclusions In just 15 years, pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG rates of women with singleton pregnancies have increased, and this increase has been accompanied by a significant rise in the rate of cesarean sections and a significant worsening of short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is time to discuss the risks and the short-term and more worrying long-term consequences for mothers and their offspring and the future impact on our healthcare system.
Luft- versus Landrettung bei Kindernotfällen
Authors: Koc Lisa , Wolf Gerhard K.
Published: April 2020

In dieser Studie wurden Flug- und Bodenrettungseinsätze bei pädiatrischen Patienten in einer alpinen Region verglichen. Untersucht wurden Diagnosen, Einsatzzeiten, Interventionen, Schweregrade sowie Follow-up-Daten.

Ergebnisse 1) Beobachtet wurden 2 Altersgipfel, 0 – 2 Jahre und 13 – 15 Jahre; 2) chirurgische Notfälle waren häufiger in der Flugrettung, internistische und neurologische Notfälle sowie Intoxikationen zeigten keinen Unterschied; 3) Anfahrt- und Transportzeiten waren in der Bodenrettung signifikant kürzer, die Behandlungsdauer vor Ort war gleich; 4) über 20% aller Patienten hatten NACA-Werte von 1 oder 2, die den Notarzteinsatz nicht rechtfertigen; 5) über 50% der Patienten in der Flugrettung hatten nur einen NACA-Wert (NACA: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) von 3; und 6) knapp ein Drittel aller Patienten wurden bereits am Aufnahmetag wieder entlassen. In der retrospektiven Betrachtung erscheint der Anteil der Übertriagierung damit hoch. Möglichkeiten einer verbesserten Triagierung könnten ein genaueres Abfragen des Meldebildes, verbesserte Kommunikation mit den bereits eingetroffenen Rettungskräften und Telemedizin zwischen Leitstelle und Einsatzort sein.
Weniger Bürokratie in Sicht? – Neue Heilmittel-Richtlinie
Authors: Laquai Sophia , Gross Alexander
Published: April 2020

In der Heilmittel-Richtlinie (HeilM-RL) sind die Voraussetzungen, Grundsätze und Inhalte der ärztlichen Verordnungsmöglichkeiten festgelegt. Im Heilmittelkatalog (Bestandteil der HeilM-RL) sind Art und Umfang der Therapien beschrieben, die ein Arzt verordnen darf. Am 1. Oktober 2020 wird die überarbeitete Heilmittel-Richtlinie in Kraft treten. physiopraxis hat die wichtigsten Änderungen zusammengefasst.
Isoliquiritigenin Nanosuspension Enhances Cytostatic Effects in A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Qiao Fangxia , Zhao Yue , Mai Yaping , Guo Jueshuo , Dong Luning , Zhang Wannian , Yang Jianhong
Published: April 2020

Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid extracted from licorice root, has been shown to be active against most cancer cells; however, its antitumor activity is limited by its poor water solubility. The aim of this study was to develop a stable isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension for enhanced solubility and to evaluate its in vitro cytostatic activity in A549 cells. The nanosuspension of isoliquiritigenin was prepared through wet media milling with HPC SSL (hydroxypropyl cellulose-SSL) and PVP K30 (polyinylpyrrolidone-K30) as stabilizers, and the samples were then characterized according to particle size, zeta-potential, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and in vitro release. The isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension prepared with HPC SSL and PVP K30 had particle sizes of 238.1 ± 4.9 nm and 354.1 ± 9.1 nm, respectively. Both nanosuspensions showed a surface charge of approximately − 20 mV and a lamelliform or ellipse shape. The dissolution of isoliquiritigenin from the 2 nanosuspensions was markedly higher than that of free isoliquiritigenin. In vitro studies on A549 cells indicated that the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake significantly improved after treatment with both nanosuspensions in comparison to the isoliquiritigenin solution. Furthermore, cell apoptosis analysis showed a 7.5 – 10-fold increase in the apoptosis rate induced by both nanosuspensions compared with pure drug. However, the cytotoxicity of pure drug and nanosuspension on normal cells (HELF) was lower, which indicated both isoliquiritigenin nanosuspensions have low toxicity to normal cells. Therefore, the isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension prepared with HPC SSL and PVP K30 as stabilizers may be a promising approach to improve the solubility and cytostatic activity of isoliquiritigenin.
Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Current and Emerging Concepts
Authors: Brenton J. Nicholas , Kammeyer Ryan , Gluck Lauren , Schreiner Teri , Makhani Naila
Published: April 2020

Multiple sclerosis is being increasingly recognized and diagnosed in children. In the past several years, advances have been made in diagnosing multiple sclerosis in children, identifying new genetic and environmental risk factors, delineating underlying immunobiology, characterizing imaging findings, and implementing new treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss these advances. Future research into the determinants of multiple sclerosis in children and into new treatment options will be aided by continued international collaboration.
Assessment of Thrombotic and Bleeding Tendency in Two Mouse Models of Chronic Kidney Disease: Adenine-Diet and 5/6th Nephrectomy
Authors: Makhloufi Camélia , Crescence Lydie , Darbousset Roxane , McKay Nathalie , Massy Ziad A. , Dubois Christophe , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Burtey Stéphane , Poitevin Stéphane
Published: April 2020

The coexistence of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequent and poorly understood. Mouse models are essential to understand complications of CKD and to develop new therapeutic approaches improving the health of patients. We evaluated the hemostasis in two models of renal insufficiency: adenine-diet and 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6Nx). Compared with 5/6Nx mice, mice fed with 0.25% adenine had more severe renal insufficiency and so higher levels of prothrombotic uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate. More severe renal inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the adenine group, as demonstrated by histological and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments. Liver fibrinogen γ chain expression and level of plasma fibrinogen were increased only in adenine mice. In both CKD mouse models, tissue factor (TF) expression was increased in kidney and aorta extracts. Immunochemistry analysis of kidney sections showed that TF is localized in the vascular walls. Thrombin–antithrombin complexes were significantly increased in plasma from both adenine and 5/6Nx mice. Tail bleeding time increased significantly only in adenine mice, whereas platelet count was not significant altered. Finally, results obtained by intravital microscopy after laser-induced endothelial injury showed impaired platelet function in adenine mice and an increase in fibrin generation in 5/6Nx mice. To summarize, adenine diet causes a more severe renal insufficiency compared with 5/6Nx. The TF upregulation and the hypercoagulable state were observed in both CKD models. Bleeding tendency was observed only in the adenine model of CKD that recapitulates the whole spectrum of hemostasis abnormalities observed in advanced human CKD.
Assessment of Flexion Elongation Relation and Type of Failure after Capsulodesis
Authors: Bakker Daniel , Kraan Gerald A. , Mathijssen Nina M. C. , Colaris Joost W. , Kleinrensink Gert-Jan
Published: April 2020

Background Injury of the scapholunate interosseous ligament is the most frequently diagnosed cause of carpal instability and can be treated with a Mayo capsulodesis procedure. During this procedure, a radially based flap of the dorsal radiocarpal complex is attached to the lunate. The procedure attempts to reduce flexion of the scaphoid and restore the scapholunate relationship by crossing the scapholunate interval. To obtain a better understanding of the biomechanical properties and possibly improve the postoperative rehabilitation process, a better understanding of the reconstructions biomechanics is needed.

Methods Ten dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis were performed on embalmed wrists to assess the flexion elongation relation at the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction, the dorsal intercarpal complex, and the type of failure during flexion of the wrist.

Results The mean elongation of the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction at 70-degree flexion was 0.8 mm. During flexion, the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction showed no ligament tears or failure of the bone anchor. The mean elongation of the dorsal intercarpal complex was 3.9 mm at 70 degrees. During subsequent repeated flexion, four sutures to connect the dorsal intercarpal complex to the surrounding tissue loosened between 55 and 60 degrees.

Conclusions These findings suggest that capsulodesis can safely withstand flexion of the wrist until 50 degrees.

Clinical Relevance Clinicians should consider the opportunity to start early with controlled active motion.

Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Unintended Consequences Following the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Change for Palivizumab Prophylaxis among Infants Born at Less than 29 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Goldstein Mitchell , Krilov Leonard R. , Fergie Jaime , Brannman Lance , Wade Sally W. , Kong Amanda M. , Ambrose Christopher S.
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to compare outpatient respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) use and relative RSV hospitalization (RSVH) rates for infants <29 weeks' gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy change.

Study Design Infants were identified in the MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases. Outpatient RSV IP receipt and relative <29 wGA/term hospitalization risks in 2012 to 2014 and 2014 to 2016 were assessed using rate ratios and a difference-in-difference model.

Results Outpatient RSV IP receipt by infants <29 wGA and aged <3 months in the Commercial and Medicaid populations and those aged 3 to <6 months in the Medicaid population declined after 2014. Relative RSVH risks for infants <29 wGA were numerically greater after 2014, with infants aged <3 months and Medicaid infants experiencing the greatest increases. Difference-in-difference results indicated a significantly increased relative risk of RSVH for infants <29 wGA versus term (both cohorts aged 0 to <6 months) in the Medicaid-insured population (1.68, p = 0.0054). A nonsignificant increase of similar magnitude occurred in the commercially insured population (1.57, p = 0.2867).

Conclusion The 2014 policy change was associated with a decrease in RSV IP use and an increase in RSVH risk among otherwise healthy infants <29 wGA.
MDK-REFORM: DKG macht mobil
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2020

Bereits in der Debatte um das MDK-Reformgesetz wehrten sich die Krankenhäuser gegen Strafzahlungen und die Kürzungspolitik seitens des MDK. Nachdem die Eingaben der Kliniken im bisherigen Gesetzabstimmungsprozess ignoriert wurden, attackiert die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG) nun die Parlamentarier mit einer landesweiten Kampagne. Die Politiker sind „not amused“.
TELEMEDIZIN-TRENDS: Ärztliche Versorgung wird digital
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2020

Initiativen aus dem Bereich E-Health sind wichtige Grundsteine für eine verbesserte Gesundheitsversorgung der Patienten. Wenn Doktor Google nicht weiter weiß, kann die Telemedizin oft helfen. Der Deutsche Ärztetag schuf 2018 die Basis für die neuen Behandlungsmethoden, indem er das Fernbehandlungsverbot für Ärzte gelockert hat.
SEKTORENÜBERGREIFENDE VERSORGUNG: Hemd näher als der Rock?
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: April 2020

Auf Vorschlag der Länder richtete die Bundesregierung ihre Gesetzesplanungen auf dem Gebiet der sektorenübergreifenden Versorgung über Jahre hinweg auf Vorschläge einer Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe aus. Jetzt scheinen regionale staatliche Interessen das groß angelegte Reformprojekt zu behindern.
Comparative analysis of terahertz fourth-harmonic gyro-TWAs and multiplying gyro-TWAs with axis-encircling electron beams
Authors: Yeh Y. S. , Luo C. C. , Huang B. H. , Wang C. C. , Hung S. X.
Published: April 2020

The harmonic operation in a terahertz gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) permits a reduced magnetic field, whereas a harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA enables magnetic field reduction and frequency multiplication. This study comparatively analyzes the 400-GHz fourth-harmonic gyro-TWAs and fourth-harmonic multiplying gyro-TWAs with axis-encircling electron beams. This property of the gyro-TWAs with axis-encircling electron beams enables us avoid the appearance of the majority of the competing modes. According to the simulation results obtained using multi-mode codes, the attenuating severs suppress the remaining competing modes. In the case of a harmonic gyro-TWA containing a sever section, the copper-section start-oscillation length is significantly influenced by a decrease in the sever-section radius when compared with an increase in the sever-section length. Furthermore, a stable fourth-harmonic TE41-mode gyro-TWA containing sever sections is proposed. We propose fourth-harmonic TE41-mode multiplying gyro-TWAs, where the drive stages operate in the fundamental-harmonic TE11 mode to reduce the frequency of the drive wave. We subsequently develop a stable fourth-harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA with sever sections in the drive and amplified stages to avoid the competing modes and enhance the output power. The stable high-gain fourth-harmonic gyro-TWA can yield a peak output power of 2.7 kW at 400.6 GHz with a saturated gain of 75 dB and a bandwidth of 0.7 GHz for a 75-kV and 2-A electron beam with an axial velocity spread of 3%. Furthermore, a peak output power of 1.7 kW can be obtained by the fourth-harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA at 400.4 GHz with a saturated gain of 57 dB and a bandwidth of 0.4 GHz. Subsequently, we calculate the power and gain scaling for the harmonic gyro-TWA and harmonic multiplying gyro-TWA.
Operating characteristics of a clamp klystron oscillator with a sloping cavity at W-band
Authors: Liu M. , Li Y. , Schamiloglu E. , Feng J. , Liu C. , Fuks M. I. , Jiang W. , Zhang P.
Published: April 2020

We present the design of an oscillator that is an evolution of our previously proposed “clamp klystron.” In this new embodiment, we utilize sloping cavities and increase the operating frequency to 94 GHz and 100 GHz (W-band). In this study, we utilized the UNIPIC particle-in-cell code. Simulations confirmed that this new oscillator with one sloping “buncher” cavity and one sloping “catcher” cavity with an inclination angle of 5° and shaped like a “clamp” produces 700 kW output power with an efficiency of 7.1% at 94 GHz when powered using an applied voltage U = 90 kV and beam current 110 A. When one sloping “buncher” cavity and one sloping “catcher” cavity are utilized with an inclination angle of 15°, the oscillator produces 270 kW output power with 3.0% efficiency at 100 GHz when powered using the same electron beam parameters. If two oscillators with sloping cavities along the z-axis are combined serially, then the output power can be as high as 800 kW with 8.0% efficiency at 100 GHz. This new oscillator design can be a promising approach to high power millimeter wave source designs at W-band and higher frequencies.
Numerical investigation on transport of momenta and energy in micropolar fluid suspended with dusty, mono and hybrid nano-structures
Authors: Kaneez Hajra , Alebraheem Jawdat , Elmoasry Ahmed , Saif Rai Sajjad , Nawaz M.
Published: April 2020

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are applied to model transportation activity in micropolar fluid suspension with density particles and mono and hybrid metallic nano-sized structures. Highly complex computational models obtained by CFD simulations are executed via the finite element method. Galerkin residuals are approximated by Galerkin approximations. The assembled nonlinear system is linearized and solved iteratively under reasonable computational tolerance. A notable impact of vortex viscosity is observed during transportation of macro- and micro-momentum. The velocity of dust particles has been predicted via the variation of dust particle interaction parameter. Angular velocity for both mono and hybrid nanofluids is found to increase as a function of vortex viscosity. Furthermore, it is noted that the micro-rotation field associated with mono–nanofluid has a higher value than the micro-rotation field associated with hybrid nanofluids.
Aerosol–photolysis interaction reduces particulate matter during wintertime haze events
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Hu Bo , Liu Suixin , Wang Yuan , Shen Zhenxing , Li Xia , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Liu Zirui , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Molina Luisa T. , Li Guohui
Published: April 2020

Significance

Aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) not only constitutes one of the major uncertainties in climate prediction, but also significantly deteriorates particulate matter (PM) pollution during heavy haze events. However, modification of photolysis caused by aerosol absorbing and/or scattering solar radiation (referred to as aerosol–photolysis interaction or API) changes atmospheric oxidizing capability and influences secondary aerosol formation. The synergetic effect of API and ARI on PM pollution is quantitatively assessed during a persistent heavy haze episode from a modeling perspective in the study. The results reveal that API hinders secondary aerosol formation and substantially mitigates the PM pollution caused by ARI. Future research on the radiative forcing of API is essential to improve the understanding of the aerosol climate effect.
Combined proinflammatory cytokine and cognate activation of invariant natural killer T cells enhances anti-DNA antibody responses
Authors: Sedimbi Saikiran K. , Hägglöf Thomas , Garimella Manasa G. , Wang Shan , Duhlin Amanda , Coelho Ana , Ingelshed Katrine , Mondoc Emma , Malin Stephen G. , Holmdahl Rikard , Lane David P. , Leadbetter Elizabeth A. , Karlsson Mikael C. I.
Published: April 2020

Significance

i
NKT cells can both provide help and inhibit B cell responses. Our data show that when
i
NKT cells are activated with the glycolipid agonist αGalCer together with the inflammatory cytokine IL-18, they switch from regulating autoreactive B cells to promoting their expansion. As a consequence, autoreactive B cell responses remain unchecked by
i
NKT cells. The glycolipid αGalCer has been shown to have promising effects when administered as an adjuvant to achieve a better response to vaccines, as an antitumor agent, as well as in the regulation of autoimmunity. Our results highlight a facet of αGalCer-mediated
i
NKT cell activation in the context of inflammation and have broad implications for understanding the regulation of autoimmunity and use of αGalCer in therapy.
The distribution, reconstruction and varied fates of topographical deixis in Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)
Authors: Post Mark W.
Published: April 2020

Topographical deixis refers to a variety of spatial-environmental deixis, in which typically distal reference to entities is made in terms of a set of topographically-anchored referential planes: most often,upward, downward, oron the same level. This article reviews the genealogical and geographic distribution of topographical deixis in Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) languages, reviews the conditions in which topographical deixis in Trans-Himalayan languages may be gained or lost, and concludes that (a) topographical deixis is overwhelmingly found in languages spoken in montane environments, and (b) topographical deixis most likely reconstructs to a deep level within Trans-Himalayan. The language spoken at that level – whose precise phylogenetic status cannot yet be specified – was overwhelmingly likely to have been spoken in a montane environment.
Electronic supplement analysis of multiple texts
Authors: Paterson Laura Louise
Published: April 2020

This paper adaptsO’Halloran’s (2010)electronic supplement analysis (ESA) to investigate debates about UK poverty in online newspaper articles and reader responses to those articles. While O’Halloran’s method was originally conceived to facilitate close reading, this paper modifies ESA for corpus-based discourse analysis by scaling it up to include multiple texts. I analyse (key-)keywords and concordances to compare seven articles from theMail Online(2010–2015) with their 2354 reader responses generated using the newspapers’ Below the Line (BTL) comments feature. The analysis provides a snapshot of the discourses BTL commenters draw upon when writing about UK poverty. Unemployment, benefits receipt, and single parenthood were repeatedly referred to in the newspaper articles and their comments, but BTL commenters also drew on personal narratives and (fictional) anecdotes to index notions of flawed consumerism, scroungers, and the deserving and undeserving poor.
Languaging and grammatical terminology
Authors: Toth Paul D. , Moranski Kara , Shaffer Ashley , Mattson-Prieto Raquel
Published: April 2020

This paper documents how U.S. high school
learners in a third-year L2 Spanish class (N = 17)
formulated explicit understandings of the pronoun
se through languaging over 3 lessons. Following
Adair-Hauck & Donato
(2016), each lesson engaged learners in a guided
inductive analysis by first presenting se within a
narrative text, and then having them “co-construct” rules in groups
of 2–3 from the patterns they found. A teacher-led, whole-class
follow-up brought the class to a consensus before they engaged in
subsequent L2 communication tasks. Based on recordings of 4
small-group interactions and the whole-class discussion, descriptive
statistics and qualitative excerpts document how learners stretched
familiar linguistic concepts and informal language to accommodate
the unfamiliar features of the target structure.
Unrestrained acting and norms of behaviour
Authors: Pereira Domínguez Laura
Published: April 2020

This paper analyses two stories of The
Legend of Good Women, by Geoffrey Chaucer, as examples of the
reception of Ovidian tradition in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in
Europe. The main characters of these fictions embody desired virtues for
women, but a closer scrutiny reveals that these supposedly exemplary
characters transgress the limits of the morality of the period through
actions and gestures that would not be acceptable for real women. These
descriptions of ethically unrestrained bodily movement cannot be read as
literal norms of conduct. Rather, these actions are used as a means to
achieve the emotional experience. This paper examines how these actions are
depicted and what their relation is to the overall meaning of the
narrative.
Historical Linguistics
Authors: Winters Margaret E.
Published: April 2020

This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, a semantics-based theory which emphasizes the relationship between cognition and language. Descriptions and explanations touch on cognitive, social, and physiological aspects of language as it changes across time. Examples come principally from Germanic (English, German, Yiddish) and Romance (French and Spanish), but with some exploration of aspects of the history of other languages as well. Each chapter concludes with exercises based on material in the chapter and also with suggestions for extensions of the content to wider issues in diachronic linguistics.
Comprehensive semisyntheses of catathelasmols C, D, and E from D-glutamic acid, utilizing lipase-catalyzed site-selective reactions on intermediates
Authors: Hashiba Rinta , Hashimoto Riichi , Nishiguchi Momoko , Kobayashi Toshifumi , Hanaya Kengo , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sugai Takeshi
Published: April 2020

Catathelasmols C, D, and E, which had been isolated from Catathelasma imperiale as inhibitors for 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, were comprehensively semisynthesized from commercially available D-glutamic acid. The key synthetic intermediate, (R)-pentane-1,2,5-triol, was site-selectively acetylated by treatment with vinyl acetate and Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C to furnish 1,5-diacetate (catathelasmol E, quantitative). The acetylation occurred site-selectively on the primary alcohols at the C-1 and C-5 positions over the secondary alcohol at the C-2 position. Dichromic acid oxidation provided 2-oxopentane-1,5-diyl diacetate (catathelasmol C, 78%). Burkholderia cepacia lipase-catalyzed transesterification with methanol in THF at – 5°C proceeded preferentially on the acetate at C-1 located adjacent to the C-2 carbonyl group over the other terminal acetate at the C-5 position. 5-Hydroxy-4-oxopentyl acetate (catathelasmol D) was obtained in 53% yield.
Unlocking the potential of big data to support tactical performance analysis in professional soccer: A systematic review
Authors: Goes F.R. , Meerhoff L.A. , Bueno M.J.O. , Rodrigues D.M. , Moura F.A. , Brink M.S. , Elferink‐Gemser M.T. , Knobbe A.J. , Cunha S.A. , Torres R.S. , Lemmink K.A.P.M.
Published: April 2020

In professional soccer, increasing amounts of data are collected that harness great potential when it comes to analysing tactical behaviour. Unlocking this potential is difficult as big data challenges the data management and analytics methods commonly employed in sports. By joining forces with computer science, solutions to these challenges could be achieved, helping sports science to find new insights, as is happening in other scientific domains. We aim to bring multiple domains together in the context of analysing tactical behaviour in soccer using position tracking data. A systematic literature search for studies employing position tracking data to study tactical behaviour in soccer was conducted in seven electronic databases, resulting in 2338 identified studies and finally the inclusion of 73 papers. Each domain clearly contributes to the analysis of tactical behaviour, albeit in – sometimes radically – different ways. Accordingly, we present a multidisciplinary framework where each domain's contributions to feature construction, modelling and interpretation can be situated. We discuss a set of key challenges concerning the data analytics process, specifically feature construction, spatial and temporal aggregation. Moreover, we discuss how these challenges could be resolved through multidisciplinary collaboration, which is pivotal in unlocking the potential of position tracking data in sports analytics.
Protein markers forCandida albicansEVs include claudin‐like Sur7 family proteins
Authors: Dawson Charlotte S , Garcia‐Ceron Donovan , Rajapaksha Harinda , Faou Pierre , Bleackley Mark R , Anderson Marilyn A
Published: April 2020

Background:Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in host‐pathogen and pathogen‐pathogen communication in some fungal diseases. In depth research into fungal EVs has been hindered by the lack of specific protein markers such as those found in mammalian EVs that have enabled sophisticated isolation and analysis techniques. Despite their role in fungal EV biogenesis, ESCRT proteins such as Vps23 (Tsg101) and Bro1 (ALIX) are not present as fungal EV cargo. Furthermore, tetraspanin homologs are yet to be identified in many fungi including the model yeast S. cerevisiae.

Objective:We performed de novo identification of EV protein markers for the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans with adherence to MISEV2018 guidelines.

Materials and methods:EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation from DAY286, ATCC90028 and ATCC10231 yeast cells, as well as DAY286 biofilms. Whole cell lysates (WCL) were also obtained from the EV‐releasing cells. Label‐free quantitative proteomics was performed to determine the set of proteins consistently enriched in EVs compared to WCL.

Results:47 proteins were consistently enriched in C. albicans EVs. We refined these to 22 putative C. albicans EV protein markers including the claudin‐like Sur7 family (Pfam: PF06687) proteins Sur7 and Evp1 (orf19.6741). A complementary set of 62 EV depleted proteins was selected as potential negative markers.

Conclusions:The marker proteins for C. albicans EVs identified in this study will be useful tools for studies on EV biogenesis and cargo loading in C. albicans and potentially other fungal species and will also assist in elucidating the role of EVs in C. albicans pathogenesis. Many of the proteins identified as putative markers are fungal specific proteins indicating that the pathways of EV biogenesis and cargo loading may be specific to fungi, and that assumptions made based on studies in mammalian cells could be misleading.

Abbreviations:A1 – ATCC10231; A9 – ATCC90028; DAY B – DAY286 biofilm; DAY Y – DAY286 yeast; EV – extracellular vesicle; Evp1 – extracellular vesicle protein 1 (orf19.6741); GO – gene ontology; Log2(FC) – log2(fold change); MCC – membrane compartment of Can1; MDS – multidimensional scaling; MISEV – minimal information for studies of EVs; sEVs – small EVs; SP – signal peptide; TEMs – tetraspanin enriched microdomains; TM – transmembrane; VDM – vesicle‐depleted medium; WCL – whole cell lysate
Russia’s policy in the “frozen conflicts” of the post-Soviet space: from ethno-politics to geopolitics
Authors: Kazantsev Andrei A. , Rutland Peter , Medvedeva Svetlana M. , Safranchuk Ivan A.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the evolution of Russia’s policy in secessionist conflicts in the post-Soviet space in 1991–2018. The authors differentiate the patterns of Russian policy between the “first” and “second” generation of frozen conflicts. The “first generation” includes four conflicts of an ethno-linguistic nature that arose out of the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Pridnestrov’e and Karabakh). Most commentators interpret Russia’s actions in the “second generation” conflicts as centralized, directly controlled by the president of Russia, and driven by Russia’s opposition to NATO expansion, and some extend this logic back to the conflicts of the 1990s. However, this article argues that this was not true of Russian policy for the “first generation” conflicts in the early 1990s. In that period the policies of the Yeltsin administration were a product of struggle of different forces both in Moscow and outside of it. The “first generation” conflicts all primarily originated as a result of local grievances. Gradually, shifts in the broader geopolitical landscape in Eurasia, especially the growing confrontation between Russia and the West, led to a reconfiguration of the logic of these conflicts, turning them into the elements of Russian-Western geopolitical opposition.
Phase-coherent loops in selectively-grown topological insulator nanoribbons
Authors: Kölzer Jonas , Rosenbach Daniel , Weyrich Christian , Schmitt Tobias W , Schleenvoigt Michael , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Schüffelgen Peter , Mussler Gregor , Sacksteder IV Vincent E , Grützmacher Detlev , Lüth Hans , Schäpers Thomas
Published: April 2020

We succeeded in the fabrication of topological insulator (Bi0.57Sb0.43)2Te3 Hall bars as well as nanoribbons by means of selective-area growth using molecular beam epitaxy. By performing magnetotransport measurements at low temperatures information on the phase-coherence of the electrons is gained by analyzing the weak-antilocalization effect. Furthermore, from measurements on nanoribbons at different magnetic field tilt angles an angular dependence of the phase-coherence length is extracted, which is attributed to transport anisotropy and geometrical factors. For the nanoribbon structures universal conductance fluctuations were observed. By performing a Fourier transform of the fluctuation pattern a series of distinct phase-coherent closed-loop trajectories are identified. The corresponding enclosed areas can be explained in terms of nanoribbon dimensions and phase-coherence length. In addition, from measurements at different magnetic field tilt angles we can deduce that the area enclosed by the loops are predominately oriented parallel to the quintuple layers.
Strain induced variability study in Gate-All-Around vertically-stacked horizontal nanosheet transistors
Authors: Mohapatra E , Dash T P , Jena J , Das S , Maiti C K
Published: April 2020

Using physics-based predictive technology CAD simulations, we show the improvements possible in device performance via strain engineering in vertically-stacked horizontal gate-all-around nanosheet Field-Effect transistors (NSFETs), which may outperform conventional FinFETs beyond 7 nm technology node. Effects of mechanical strain on NSFET variability is reported for the first time. We present a novel simulation approach for the analyses of random dopant fluctuation (RDF) and metal grain granularity (MGG) dependent variability in nanosheet transistors. The study encompasses topography simulation, which realistically reproduces a reported experimental nanosheet transistor. Device simulations are based on sub-band Boltzmann transport with 2D Schrödinger equation in the nanosheet cross-section and 1D Boltzmann transport along the nanosheet channel. The effects of mechanical stress and geometry dependence of the electrical characteristics are also reported. Critical design issues are outlined.
Electro-fenton degradation of simulated petroleum wastewater by using Fe78Si9B13 metallic glasses
Authors: Xu Xiao-Chen , Shi Zhong-Ling , Qiu Ke-Qiang
Published: April 2020

As the standard for the effluent from petroleum wastewater (PW) treatment become more and more strict, we adopt electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation method to degrade the simulated PW to surpass the limitations of conventional methods. The effects of initial pH value, current density, initial oil & grease (O&G) and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration on the degradation efficiency of the simulated PW were investigated on the premise of putting Fe78Si9B13 glassy ribbon as the anode and graphite plate as the cathode, respectively. The results show that under the optimal parameters, the COD and O&G removal rates can reach up to 89.6% and 93.8%, respectively. Compared to the traditional Fenton method, the EF method we used shows the advantages of reducing H2O2 consumption, power consumption, electrode mass loss and electrolysis time.
Improving Lifestyle Behaviors After Breast Cancer Treatment Among African American Women With and Without Diabetes: Role of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Jarvandi Soghra , Pérez Maria , Margenthaler Julie , Colditz Graham A , Kreuter Matthew W , Jeffe Donna B
Published: April 2020

Background

Little is known about the effect of health professionals’ advice on promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors (diet and exercise) among breast cancer patients.

Purpose

To identify predictors of receiving lifestyle advice from health professionals and its impact on healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Methods

We used data from a randomized controlled trial of an interactive, cancer-communication video program using African American breast cancer survivor stories for newly diagnosed African American breast cancer patients (Stages 0–III). Participants completed five interviews over 2 years. This intervention did not significantly affect changes in quality-of-life outcomes. In secondary analysis, we examined differences in baseline variables between women with and without diabetes. Logistic regression models identified independent predictors of receiving advice from “a doctor or other health professional” to improve diet and exercise and of self-reported change in diet and exercise habits at 2 year follow-up.

Results

Of 193 patients included (85% of 228 enrolled), 53 (28%) had diabetes. At 2 year follow-up, a greater proportion of women with (vs. without) diabetes reported receiving advice by a doctor/health professional to improve their diet (73% vs. 57%, p = .04,). Predictors of receiving dietary advice were obesity, diabetes, and breast-conserving surgery (each p < .05). Women receiving dietary advice were 2.75 times more likely to report improving their diet (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 6.46) at follow-up, but receiving physical activity advice was not significantly associated with patients reporting an increase in exercise.

Conclusions

Although receiving dietary advice predicted dietary improvements, receiving exercise advice did not lead to an increase in physical activity.

Clinical Trial Registration

Trial Number NCT00929084.
Hypertension Management in Emergency Departments
Authors: Miller Joseph , McNaughton Candace , Joyce Katherine , Binz Sophia , Levy Phillip
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is pervasive among patients that visit emergency departments (EDs) for their care.

METHODS

In this review article, we outline the current approach to the management of these individuals and highlight the crucial role emergency medicine clinicians play in reducing the morbidity associated with elevated BP.

RESULTS

We highlight the critical importance of immediate treatment when elevated BP contributes to new or worsening end-organ injury but emphasize that such hypertensive emergencies are rare. For the vast majority of patients with elevated BP in the ED who do not have new or worsening end-organ injury from elevated BP, immediate BP reduction within the ED is not recommended or safe. Nonetheless, within weeks after an ED visit, there is a pressing need to improve the care of patients with elevated or previously undiagnosed hypertension. For many, it may be their only regular point of engagement with the healthcare system. To address this, we present novel perspectives that envision a new role for emergency medicine in chronic hypertension management—one that acknowledges the significant population-level gaps in BP control that contribute to disparities in cardiovascular disease and sets the stage for future changes in systems-based practice.

CONCLUSIONS

Emergency medicine plays a key and evolving role in reducing morbidity associated with elevated BP.
Mitochondrial genomes and thousands of ultraconserved elements resolve the taxonomy and historical biogeography of the Euphonia and Chlorophonia finches (Passeriformes: Fringillidae)
Authors: Imfeld Tyler S , Barker F Keith , Brumfield Robb T
Published: April 2020

Relationships of the Neotropical finches in the genera Euphonia and Chlorophonia (Fringillidae: Euphoniinae) have been clarified by recent molecular studies, but species-level relationships within this group have not been thoroughly addressed. In this study, we sampled specimens representing every recognized species of these genera, in addition to 2 outgroup taxa, and used target enrichment to sequence thousands of ultraconserved element (UCE) loci, as well as mitochondrial DNA reconstructed from off-target reads, from each specimen to infer these relationships. We constructed both concatenation and coalescent-based estimates of phylogeny from this dataset using matrices of varying levels of completeness, and we generated a time-scaled ultrametric tree using a recently published fossil-based external calibration. We found uniformly strong support for a monophyletic subfamily Euphoniinae and genus Chlorophonia, but a paraphyletic Euphonia across UCEs and mitochondrial genomes. Otherwise, our inferred relationships were largely concordant with previous studies. Our time-tree indicated a stem divergence time of 13.8 million years ago for this lineage, followed by a relatively young crown age of only 7.1 myr. Reconstructions of biogeographic history based on this tree suggest a South American origin for crown Euphoniinae, possibly resulting from a transoceanic dispersal event from the Eastern Hemisphere, followed by 2 dispersal events into the Caribbean and as many as 6 invasions of North America coinciding with recent estimates of the age at which the Isthmus of Panama had completely formed. We recommend splitting Euphonia and resurrecting the genus Cyanophonia for the 3 blue-hooded species more closely related to Chlorophonia. Based on our results, we suspect that there is undescribed species-level diversity in at least one, possibly many, widespread and phenotypically diverse species.
CutTheTail: An Accurate and Space-Efficient Heuristic Algorithm for Influence Maximization
Authors: Popova Diana , Kawarabayashi Ken-ichi , Thomo Alex
Published: April 2020

Algorithmic problem of computing the most influential nodes in an arbitrary graph (influence maximization) is an important theoretical and practical problem and has been extensively studied for decades. For massive graphs (e.g. modelling huge social networks), randomized algorithms are the answer as the exact computation is prohibitively complex, both for runtime and space. This paper concentrates on developing new accurate and efficient randomized algorithms that drastically cut the memory footprint and scale up the computation of the most influential nodes. Implementing the Reverse Influence Sampling method proposed by Borgs, Brautbar, Chayes and Lucier in 2013, we engineered a novel algorithm, CutTheTail (CTT), which solves the problem of influence maximization (IM) while using up to five orders of magnitude smaller space than the existing renown algorithms. CTT is a heuristic algorithm. We tested the accuracy of CTT on large real-world graphs using Monte Carlo simulation as the benchmark and comparing the quality of CTT solution to the algorithms with theoretically proven guaranteed approximation to optimal. Experiments show that CTT provides solutions with the quality equal to the quality of such algorithms. Savings in required space allow to successfully run CTT on a consumer-grade laptop for a graph with almost a billion of edges. To the best of our knowledge, no other IM algorithm can compute a solution on such a scale using a 16 GB RAM laptop.
The old and the large may suffer disproportionately during episodes of high temperature: evidence from a keystone zooplankton species
Authors: Burton Tim , Einum Sigurd
Published: April 2020

Widespread declines in the body size of aquatic ectotherms have been attributed to the poorer ability of older, larger individuals to tolerate high temperature. Here, using the thermal death time curve framework, we investigate the relationship between temperature tolerance and size/age by measuring the change in heat tolerance of the keystone zooplankton species Daphnia magna across a range of temperature intensities (and hence exposures of varying duration) among individuals that differed up to 3-fold in size and thus varied in age also. Across the gradient of exposure temperatures, younger, smaller individuals were more tolerant than older, larger individuals. This suggests that the young and the small may be better equipped to withstand temperature challenges that are both intense/brief and more moderate/prolonged. Our study generalizes results obtained from more acute tolerance assays, providing physiological evidence consistent with the observed reductions in ectotherm body size as a response to warming in aquatic systems.