bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen separation and purification with MOF-based materials
Authors: Lim Dae-Woon , Ha Junsu , Oruganti Yasaswini , Moon Hoi Ri
Published: April 2021

This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental theories and strategies for MOF-based H2 separation and purification, including hydrogen isotope separation with representative examples.
Linchpins empower promiscuous electrophiles to enable site-selective modification of histidine and aspartic acid in proteins
Authors: Rawale Dattatraya Gautam , Thakur Kalyani , Sreekumar Pranav , T. K. Sajeev , A. Ramesh , Adusumalli Srinivasa Rao , Mishra Ram Kumar , Rai Vishal
Published: April 2021

Linchpin-enabled promiscuous electrophile uncovers an unchartered reactivity landscape for the precision engineering of proteins.
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive aryl-allylation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Lin Zhiyang , Jin Youxiang , Hu Weitao , Wang Chuan
Published: April 2021

A nickel-catalyzed reductive asymmetric aryl-allylation of tethered unactivated alkenes has been developed, providing diverse benzene-annulated cyclic compounds bearing a quaternary stereocenter with high regio-, E/Z- and enantio-selectivity.
In situ Al2O3 incorporation enhances the efficiency of CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cells prepared from molecular-ink solutions
Authors: Septina Wilman , Muzzillo Christopher P. , Perkins Craig L. , Giovanelli Anne Curtis , West Thomas , Ohtaki Kenta K. , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Zhu Kai , Gaillard Nicolas
Published: April 2021

In situ incorporation of nanosized amorphous Al2O3 for defect passivation in solution-processed CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cells was demonstrated with significant efficiency enhancement.
Substantially improved room temperature NO2 sensing in 2-dimensional SnS2 nanoflowers enabled by visible light illumination
Authors: Eom Tae Hoon , Cho Sung Hwan , Suh Jun Min , Kim Taehoon , Lee Tae Hyung , Jun Sang Eon , Yang Jin Wook , Lee Jongwon , Hong Seong-Hyeon , Jang Ho Won
Published: April 2021

The enriched edge sites of SnS2 NFs substantially improve the gas sensing properties under visible light illumination.
A CoSe–C@C core–shell structure with stable potassium storage performance realized by an effective solid electrolyte interphase layer
Authors: Gu Xin , Zhang Li , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Sailin , Wen Sheng , Mao Xinning , Dai Pengcheng , Li Liangjun , Liu Dandan , Zhao Xuebo , Guo Zaiping
Published: April 2021

A CoSe–C@C core–shell structure is designed as a novel potential anode for PIBs. The introduction of KFSI salt is found to contribute to the formation of an inorganic-compound-rich SEI layer, benefiting the K ion diffusion and charge transfer dynamics.
Superior energy-storage performance in 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.15NaNbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics via composition and microstructure engineering
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xiao Wenrong , Zeng Fangfang , Su Dong , Du Kang , Qiu Shiyong , Fan Guifen , Lei Wen , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Shenglin , Wu Jia-Min , Zhang Guangzu
Published: April 2021

A high dielectric energy storage performance is achieved in a 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.15NaNbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramic via composition and microstructure engineering.
IR780-based nanomaterials for cancer imaging and therapy
Authors: Wang Long , Niu Chengcheng
Published: April 2021

This review is focused on different IR780-based nanoplatforms and the application of IR780-based nanomaterials for cancer bioimaging and therapy.
First-principles study of bilayer hexagonal structure of SN2 nanosheet: a highly stable non-metal platform for the quantum anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ding Yi
Published: April 2021

We reveal that the lowest-energy structure of the SN2 nanosheet will be a fascinating non-metal platform for achieving the near-room-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect.
Long-range ordering of two-dimensional wide bandgap tantalum oxide nanosheets in printed films
Authors: Timmerman Melvin A. , Xia Rui , Wang Yang , Sotthewes Kai , Huijben Mark , ten Elshof Johan E.
Published: April 2021

The exfoliation mechanism of high charge density 2D tantalum oxide nanosheets was optimized. Single monolayers and thicker thin films were realized and the bandgap of single nanosheets was measured electrically.
Challenges of analysing stochastic gene expression in bacteria using single-cell time-lapse experiments
Authors: Hardo Georgeos , Bakshi Somenath
Published: April 2021

Stochastic gene expression causes phenotypic heterogeneity in a population of genetically identical bacterial cells. Such non-genetic heterogeneity can have important consequences for the population fitness, and therefore cells implement regulation strategies to either suppress or exploit such heterogeneity to adapt to their circumstances. By employing time-lapse microscopy of single cells, the fluctuation dynamics of gene expression may be analysed, and their regulatory mechanisms thus deciphered. However, a careful consideration of the experimental design and data-analysis is needed to produce useful data for deriving meaningful insights from them. In the present paper, the individual steps and challenges involved in a time-lapse experiment are discussed, and a rigorous framework for designing, performing, and extracting single-cell gene expression dynamics data from such experiments is outlined.
Functional annotation of lncRNA in high-throughput screening
Authors: Yip Chi Wai , Sivaraman Divya M. , Prabhu Anika V. , Shin Jay W.
Published: April 2021

Recent efforts on the characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) revealed their functional roles in modulating diverse cellular processes. These include pluripotency maintenance, lineage commitment, carcinogenesis, and pathogenesis of various diseases. By interacting with DNA, RNA and protein, lncRNAs mediate multifaceted mechanisms to regulate transcription, RNA processing, RNA interference and translation. Of more than 173000 discovered lncRNAs, the majority remain functionally unknown. The cell type-specific expression and localization of the lncRNA also suggest potential distinct functions of lncRNAs across different cell types. This highlights the niche of identifying functional lncRNAs in different biological processes and diseases through high-throughput (HTP) screening. This review summarizes the current work performed and perspectives on HTP screening of functional lncRNAs where different technologies, platforms, cellular responses and the downstream analyses are discussed. We hope to provide a better picture in applying different technologies to facilitate functional annotation of lncRNA efficiently.
Long non-coding RNAs and splicing
Authors: Staněk David
Published: April 2021

In this review I focus on the role of splicing in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) life. First, I summarize differences between the splicing efficiency of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs and discuss why non-coding RNAs are spliced less efficiently. In the second half of the review, I speculate why splice sites are the most conserved sequences in lncRNAs and what additional roles could splicing play in lncRNA metabolism. I discuss the hypothesis that the splicing machinery can, besides its dominant role in intron removal and exon joining, protect cells from undesired transcripts.
Revolutionizing enzyme engineering through artificial intelligence and machine learning
Authors: Singh Nitu , Malik Sunny , Gupta Anvita , Srivastava Kinshuk Raj
Published: April 2021

The combinatorial space of an enzyme sequence has astronomical possibilities and exploring it with contemporary experimental techniques is arduous and often ineffective. Multi-target objectives such as concomitantly achieving improved selectivity, solubility and activity of an enzyme have narrow plausibility under approaches of restricted mutagenesis and combinatorial search. Traditional enzyme engineering approaches have a limited scope for complex optimization due to the requirement of a priori knowledge or experimental burden of screening huge protein libraries. The recent surge in high-throughput experimental methods including Next Generation Sequencing and automated screening has flooded the field of molecular biology with big-data, which requires us to re-think our concurrent approaches towards enzyme engineering. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have great potential to revolutionize smart enzyme engineering without the explicit need for a complete understanding of the underlying molecular system. Here, we portray the role and position of AI techniques in the field of enzyme engineering along with their scope and limitations. In addition, we explain how the traditional approaches of directed evolution and rational design can be extended through AI tools. Recent successful examples of AI-assisted enzyme engineering projects and their deviation from traditional approaches are highlighted. A comprehensive picture of current challenges and future avenues for AI in enzyme engineering are also discussed.
Back to the future: lessons from past viral infections and the link with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dowd Eilis , McKernan Declan P.
Published: April 2021

During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been noticeable increase in the reporting of neurological symptoms in patients. There is still uncertainty around the significance and long-term consequence of these symptoms. There are also many outstanding questions on whether the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) can directly infect the central nervous system (CNS). Given the long association between viral infections with neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), it seems timely to review this literature again in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to glean some useful information from studies on similar viruses. In this commentary, we will consider the current knowledge on viral infections in the brain. In addition, we review the link between viral infection and neurodegeneration in PD, and review the recent literature on SARS infections, the potential link with PD and the potential areas of study in the future.
Game theoretic vulnerability management for secondary frequency control of islanded microgrids against false data injection attacks
Authors: Liu Shichao , Li Qingyang , Chen Bo
Published: April 2021

While most existing works ignore securing the communication of control signals in microgrids' centralized secondary frequency control, here, a stochastic game between the microgrid control centre (MGCC) and the attacker for enhancing the vulnerability of the MGCC to false data injection (FDI) attack (wireless spoof attack) is proposed. The vulnerability to wireless spoof attack is assessed based on the controllability Gramian when the FDI attack is modelled as the malicious control input that aims to drive the microgrid state to undesired values. In the formulated zero‐sum two‐player Markov game, the state is uniquely associated with the vulnerability index defined by the trace of the controllability Gramian with respect to the attack input. Moreover, the utility function of the stochastic game includes not only the costs related to conducting spoof attack and encryption actions but also the possible remedy costs associated with the resulted vulnerability levels. In turn, the potential impacts of the cyber‐layer action choices on the performance of the physical power system are considered when designing the optimal attack and defence strategies. A distribution feeder system with four distributed generators (DGs) is used for simulation studies. The vulnerability assessment results show that the vulnerability level increases when the attacker compromises more on the communication links between the MGCC and DGs. In the simulated game, mixed stationary attack and defence strategies are predominate when considering the uncertainty of the other player.
N-body simulations of planet formation via pebble accretion
Authors: Matsumura Soko , Brasser Ramon , Ida Shigeru
Published: April 2021

Aims. The connection between initial disc conditions and final orbital and physical properties of planets is not well-understood. In this paper, we numerically study the formation of planetary systems via pebble accretion and investigate the effects of disc properties such as masses, dissipation timescales, and metallicities on planet formation outcomes.

Methods. We improved the N-body code SyMBA that was modified for our Paper I by taking account of new planet–disc interaction models and type II migration. We adopted the ‘two-α’ disc model to mimic the effects of both the standard disc turbulence and the mass accretion driven by the magnetic disc wind.

Results. We successfully reproduced the overall distribution trends of semi-major axes, eccentricities, and planetary masses of extrasolar giant planets. There are two types of giant planet formation trends, depending on whether or not the disc’s dissipation timescales are comparable to the planet formation timescales. When planet formation happens fast enough, giant planets are fully grown (Jupiter mass or higher) and are distributed widely across the disc. On the other hand, when planet formation is limited by the disc’s dissipation, discs generally form low-mass cold Jupiters. Our simulations also naturally explain why hot Jupiters (HJs) tend to be alone and how the observed eccentricity-metallicity trends arise. The low-metallicity discs tend to form nearly circular and coplanar HJs in situ, because planet formation is slower than high-metallicity discs, and thus protoplanetary cores migrate significantly before gas accretion. The high-metallicity discs, on the other hand, generate HJs in situ or via tidal circularisation of eccentric orbits. Both pathways usually involve dynamical instabilities, and thus HJs tend to have broader eccentricity and inclination distributions. When giant planets with very wide orbits (“super-cold Jupiters”) are formed via pebble accretion followed by scattering, we predict that they belong to metal-rich stars, have eccentric orbits, and tend to have (~80%) companions interior to their orbits.
Simulating observable structures due to a perturbed interstellar medium in front of astrospheric bow shocks in 3D MHD
Authors: Baalmann L. R. , Scherer K. , Kleimann J. , Fichtner H. , Bomans D. J. , Weis K.
Published: April 2021

Context. While the shapes of many observed bow shocks can be reproduced by simple astrosphere models, more elaborate approaches have recently been used to explain differing observable structures.

Aims. By placing perturbations of an otherwise homogeneous interstellar medium in front of the astrospheric bow shock of the runaway blue supergiant λ Cephei, the observable structure of the model astrosphere is significantly altered, providing insight into the origin of perturbed bow shock images.

Methods. Three-dimensional single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of stationary astrospheres were subjected to various types of perturbations and simulated until stationarity was reached again. As examples, simple perturbations of the available MHD parameters (number density, bulk velocity, temperature, and magnetic field) as well as a more complex perturbation were chosen. Synthetic observations were generated by line-of-sight integration of the model data, producing Hα, 70 μm dust emission, and bremsstrahlung maps of the perturbed astrosphere’s evolution.

Results. The resulting shock structures and observational images differ strongly depending on the type of the injected perturbation and the viewing angles, forming arc-like protrusions or bifurcations of the bow shock structure, as well as rings, arcs, and irregular structures detached from the bow shock.
Two-fluid simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a magnetized solar prominence thread
Authors: Popescu Braileanu B. , Lukin V. S. , Khomenko E. , de Vicente Á.
Published: April 2021

Solar prominences are formed by partially ionized plasma with inter-particle collision frequencies generally warranting magnetohydrodynamic treatment. In this work we explore the dynamical impacts and observable signatures of two-fluid effects in the parameter regimes when ion-neutral collisions do not fully couple the neutral and charged fluids. We perform 2.5D two-fluid (charges-neutrals) simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) at a smoothly changing interface between a solar prominence thread and the corona. The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of the RTI and the effects of the partial ionization on the development of RTI using nonlinear two-fluid numerical simulations. Our two-fluid model takes into account neutral viscosity, thermal conductivity, and collisional interaction between neutrals and charges: ionization–recombination, energy and momentum transfer, and frictional heating. In this paper, the sensitivity of the RTI dynamics to collisional effects for different magnetic field configurations supporting the prominence thread is explored. This is done by artificially varying, or eliminating, effects of both elastic and inelastic collisions by modifying the model equations. We find that ionization and recombination reactions between ionized and neutral fluids do not substantially impact the development of the primary RTI. However, such reactions can impact the development of secondary structures during the mixing of the cold prominence and hotter surrounding coronal material. We find that collisionality within and between ionized and neutral particle populations plays an important role in both linear and nonlinear development of RTI; ion-neutral collision frequency is the primary determining factor in development or damping of small-scale structures. We also observe that the degree and signatures of flow decoupling between ion and neutral fluids can depend on the inter-particle collisionality and on the magnetic field configuration of the prominence thread.
Co-production of ecosystem services through agricultural practices: perception of stakeholders supporting smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Resque Antonio Gabriel Lima , Piketty Marie-Gabrielle , Coudel Emilie , Messad Samir , Le Page Christophe
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates the perceptions of a diversity of stakeholders supporting smallholders in the eastern Brazilian Amazon about ecosystem services and agricultural practices. Our results come from 30 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in two contrasting municipalities in this region (Paragominas and Irituia). We identified 17 different ecosystem services and 15 agricultural practices. Using a multidimensional scaling (MDS), we differentiated the stakeholders’ perceptions of co-production of ecosystem services. The most mentioned ecosystem services are food supply, regulation of water cycles, soil fertility and erosion prevention. Overall, there is a positive perception that agricultural practices are providing ecosystem services. Biodiversity-based practices are associated with the provision of a broad range of ecosystem services whereas mechanical-chemical practices are mainly linked to food supply. Use of fire, deforestation and use of chemical pesticides are perceived as having most negative effects on the provision of ecosystem services. The type of activity performed by the stakeholders and their municipality are the main factors influencing their perception of ecosystem services co-production. In conclusion, the concept of co-production of ecosystem services related to agroecosystems is relevant as local actors recognize a diversity of effects of agricultural practices on service provision.
Energy and industrial tourism: a specific niche on the tourism market
Authors: Alekseeva Natalya , Hercegová Katarína
Published: April 2021

Energy tourism belongs to the not-so-well-researched fields of tourism. Being a part of the industrial tourism or a special interest tourism, this type of tourism includes visits to the energy facilities and locations such as factories, mines, power stations and renewable energy sites. This paper describes the niche of the energy tourism within the tourism market and assesses its potential. We show that sometimes the energy tourism might intervene with dark tourism (for example, in the case of the tourist visits to the site of the Chernobyl nuclear power station). In addition, we show that this type of tourism is closely correlated with the public and social acceptance of traditional and renewable energy facilities. We conclude that this might be a promising and emerging type of tourism that will likely grow due to the ongoing industrialization and expenditure of energy-generating facilities envisaged for meeting the growing demand for energy all around the world.
The role of science, technology and innovation in increasing the share of renewable energy worldwide
Authors: Tarasova Anna
Published: April 2021

A number of countries in the emerging markets are becoming leaders in manufacturing solar photovoltaic products. Thus, global companies are urged to compete in all stages of the supply chain for producing most of the installed solar modules around the world. Meanwhile, production costs are at record lows. The decisions made in the emerging markets will affect the course for the solar and wind industry and their role towards de-carbonization of global energy systems in the near future. Renewable energy is set of miscellaneous natural resources, which preserves non-renewable sources for further use in other sectors of the economy, and saves green energy for future eras. The way a country employs its potential in renewables will safeguard the country’s energy security and the stability of electricity prices. Renewable energy is eco-friendly, as its operation does not produce any waste, or discharge pollutants into the atmosphere or water bodies. Our paper discusses the latest achievements of various scientific areas and industries, as well as it lists specific recommendations for national sustainable actions plans. These recommendations might be useful for policy-makers, working in adopting the transformation of their country’s energy systems.
Digital business models and company growth opportunities in the energy market
Authors: Kovalenko Boris , Kovalenko Elena , Yakovleva Tamara
Published: April 2021

We are currently witnessing significant changes in the global energy market. The energy industry is entering the stage of the 4th energy transition, which is characterized by an increasingly large-scale increase in the use of renewable energy sources and a decrease in the share of fossil fuels. The energy sector is also strongly influenced by the trend of digital transformation and the use of digital technologies. The aim of the work is to study the possibility and conditions of using digital business models by companies in the energy sector to improve competitiveness and market growth. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were set: to analyze the main trends and the state of digitalization of the energy industry; analyze digital business models and assess the possibilities of their use by energy companies; to formulate approaches to transforming the activities of energy companies in the transition to a digital business model. The authors hypothesized that the use of digital business models will allow energy companies to remain competitive and gain access to new markets by introducing new technologies. To conduct the study, the methods of microeconomic and industry analysis, systemic and comparative analysis, and analysis of the organizational behavior of the company were used. The results of the analysis showed that the global energy market is characterized by growth in dynamics and volatility. In order to adapt to changing conditions and maintain competitiveness, energy companies need to take advantage of digitalization and shape a digital strategy. One of the basic elements of an organization’s digital strategy is a successful digital business model. The article discusses the types and features of digital business models, and also formulates approaches to transforming the activities of energy companies in the transition to a digital business model.
Development of teachers’ professional skills in education for sustainable development
Authors: Tolstikova Svetlana , Osechkina Larisa , Tabolova Elena , Travinova Galina
Published: April 2021

The article considers the skills and features of the personal development of a teacher in education for sustainable development (ESD). It contemplates over the influence of age differences on the formation of the professional and communicative culture of a specialist in higher education. Moreover, it describes the necessary conditions for the professional formation of the professional and communicative culture of a teacher in the development and promotion of her or him as a professional that is capable of raise the environmental awareness in students and help them to nourish their sustainable citizenship. In addition, it discusses the role of teacher training in education for sustainable development and stresses the importance of reorienting teacher training to take sustainability into account in the context of education policy and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Modélisation physique à 1 × g pour l’étude des conséquences de mouvements de terrain et des moyens de mitigation
Authors: Al Heib Marwan , Hassoun Mouhamad , Nghiem Huu-Luyen , Emeriault Fabrice , Villard Pascal
Published: April 2021

Un modèle physique réduit à 1 × g de 6 m3a été développé pour étudier les conséquences de mouvements de terrains, les mécanismes d’interactions entre les mouvements du sol et les ouvrages et les moyens de mitigation. Les mouvements de terrains sont reproduits à l’aide de vérins. Deux sols analogues (granulaire et cohésif) sont utilisés au-dessus de cavités ainsi reproduites. Cet article présente deux applications montrant la contribution de la modélisation physique. La première application concerne l’évaluation des dommages induits dans une structure en maçonnerie à l’aide de la corrélation d’images. La deuxième application concerne le dimensionnement d’un géosynthétique de renforcement au-dessus de cavités souterraines. Les deux applications montrent la capacité de la modélisation physique à combler le manque de données nécessaires à la validation des approches analytiques et empiriques.
Research on typical fault classification method of DC-DC converter
Authors: Xu Zhao , Zhang Yitong , Pan Zhen , Chi Chengzhi , Liu Xiaobin
Published: April 2021

DC-DC converter is the core component of power conversion module of integrated modular avionics. Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of DC-DC converter can effectively improve the reliability of avionics equipment, reduce the maintenance cost and greatly improve the use efficiency of aircraft. In this paper, firstly, a typical DC-DC converter model based on SEPIC topology is designed in PSPICE environment, and the failure modes of DC-DC converter are analyzed. Secondly, the typical fault types of DC-DC converter are simulated, and the corresponding original data are obtained through simulation. Finally, the processing framework including data preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and multi model fusion is used to do fault classification of the DC-DC converter. The fault diagnosis of the converter is simulated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preparation and strengthening mechanisms of in-situ HF catalyzed highly porous mullite with whisker frame structure
Authors: Zhang Haihong , Wang Qi , Wang Jinhai , Yu Fangli , Tang Jianjiang , Zhang Kuo , Zhao Zhigang
Published: April 2021

Using HF as catalyst and based on sol-gel chemical precursor powder molding and sintering process, porous mullite with whisker frame structure was in-situ synthesized in the blank body. Due to the high efficiency catalysis of HF, this structure has both of high porosity and high strength. The effects of HF addition and sintering temperature on the formation of mullite whisker frame, phase transition process, porosity and strength of porous materials were discussed, and the optimal process parameters were determined. The mechanism of strengthening the porous materials was preliminary analyzed, and under the catalysis of HF, the close connection between whisker frame lap joints was formed. When the porosity of mullite is up to 83.22%, the compressive strength of can reach 16.48 MPa.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of Mn-Al-C permanent magnets produced by various techniques
Authors: Popov Vladimir V. , Maccari Fernando , Radulov Iliya A. , Kovalevsky Aleksey , Katz-Demyanetz Alexander , Bamberger Menahem
Published: April 2021

Bulk Mn52Al46C2 in τ-phase was prepared by vacuum induction melting and used as precursor for the production bulk permanent magnets by suction casting and hot-extrusion. Part of the precursor alloy was mechanically milled into a τ-phase powder and used as precursor for production of samples by electron beam melting, hot-compaction and high pressure torsion processes. The microstructure and magnetic properties of all samples were investigated and correlated. It was found that the mechanical deformation enhances coercivity, up to 0.58 T, while the absence of this strain is beneficial for magnetization. Among the observed techniques, hot extrusion and high pressure torsion have shown promising possibilities to further develop Mn-Al-C as permanent magnets. However, it should be taken into account the challenges related to design a proper processing window for hot extrusion and the limitation of HPT regarding the absence of texture.
Molecular data reshape our understanding of the life cycles of three digeneans (Monorchiidae and Gymnophallidae) infecting the bivalve, Donax variabilis: it’s just a facultative host!
Authors: Hill-Spanik Kristina M. , Sams Claudia , Connors Vincent A. , Bricker Tessa , de Buron Isaure
Published: April 2021

The coquina, Donax variabilis, is a known intermediate host of monorchiid and gymnophallid digeneans. Limited morphological criteria for the host and the digeneans’ larval stages have caused confusion in records. Herein, identities of coquinas from the United States (US) Atlantic coast were verified molecularly. We demonstrate that the current GenBank sequences for D. variabilis are erroneous, with the US sequence referring to D. fossor. Two cercariae and three metacercariae previously described in the Gulf of Mexico and one new cercaria were identified morphologically and molecularly, with only metacercariae occurring in both hosts. On the Southeast Atlantic coast, D. variabilis’ role is limited to being a facultative second intermediate host, and D. fossor, an older species, acts as both first and second intermediate hosts. Sequencing demonstrated 100% similarities between larval stages for each of the three digeneans. Sporocysts, single tail cercariae, and metacercariae in the incurrent siphon had sequences identical to those of monorchiid Lasiotocus trachinoti, for which we provide the complete life cycle. Adults are not known for the other two digeneans, and sequences from their larval stages were not identical to any in GenBank. Large sporocysts, cercariae (Cercaria choanura), and metacercariae in the coquinas’ foot were identified as Lasiotocus choanura (Hopkins, 1958) n. comb. Small sporocysts, furcocercous cercariae, and metacercariae in the mantle were identified as gymnophallid Parvatrema cf. donacis. We clarify records wherein authors recognized the three digenean species but confused their life stages, and probably the hosts, as D. variabilis is sympatric with cryptic D. texasianus in the Gulf of Mexico.
Corona-Pflegebonus gibt es nur für Corona-Pflegekräfte
Authors: Rybak Christian
Published: April 2021

Die Auszahlung des Corona-Pflegebonus kann nach der bayerischen Corona-Pflegebonusrichtlinie (CoBoR) nur Pflegenden gewährt werden, die zum einen in einer begünstigten Einrichtung beschäftigt sind und deren konkrete Tätigkeit zum anderen der Förderpraxis entspricht. Dies entschied das Verwaltungsgericht München in seinem jüngsten Urteil.
Laborausrüster: Europaweit am Limit
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: April 2021

Die durch die Corona-Pandemie stark gestiegene Materialnachfrage hat erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsfähigkeit vieler Labore.
Beleuchtung: Optimale Ausleuchtung im OP
Authors: Kolling Axel
Published: April 2021

Ein Konsortium aus Wissenschaft und Medizintechnik entwickelt ein technisches System, das im Operationssaal automatisch für die optimale Beleuchtung sorgen soll. Es kompensiert Schattenwürfe, die durch Bewegungen des OP-Teams entstehen, und lässt sich zusätzlich gezielt über Gesten und Sprache steuern.
Energy dissipation mechanism of a centrifugal pump with entropy generation theory
Authors: Huang Ping , Appiah Desmond , Chen Ke , Zhang Fan , Cao Puyu , Hong Quihong
Published: April 2021

From the numerical calculations of a common centrifugal pump, the energy loss characteristics have been investigated by applying entropy generation theory to examine the loss due to the direct, turbulence, and wall friction dissipation rates. The turbulent and wall friction entropy dissipations contribute higher values compared with the direct entropy dissipation rate. The turbulent and wall friction entropy dissipations yielded 54.629% and 44.654%, respectively, at the design flow rate; however, the direct entropy dissipated the least of about 0.716%. This indication proves that these entropy variables affect the irreversible energy losses produced. Meanwhile, the entropy production rate distribution was compared with that pressure fluctuation and vortex characteristics and revealed that the region near the volute tongue interface is associated with high losses at all studied flow rates (0.8Qd, 1.0Qd, and 1.2Qd), especially under part-load conditions. The wall of the volute reveals maximum losses at different time steps at the design point. Furthermore, the trailing edge of the blade records the maximum pressure fluctuation, while the leading-edge records moderate intensities. Most regions in the pressure fluctuation intensity distribution reveal a common tendency with the entropy dissipated; thus, there is a high correlation between entropy production and pressure fluctuation. Moreover, the suction side of the impeller records the maximum entropy coefficient at the leading edge compared to the pressure side under the span view. This indicates that the suction side is also responsible for the high energy loss in the impeller flow passages and corresponds to the flow separation, which leads to vortex patterns recognized close to the hub of the blade. This study widens the assessment of the energy loss and can further contribute to the optimization of the hydraulic structures of centrifugal pumps.
Study on grooving corrosion behavior of QT800 coiled tubing
Authors: Yan Fengxia , Li Zili , Zhang Cheng , Wang Heqin
Published: April 2021

The characteristics of grooving corrosion at a welding seam of QT800 coiled tubing were investigated under different conditions by using the conventional immersion test and constant potential accelerated corrosion test, respectively. The results showed that the sensitivity of grooving corrosion of the welded tube, represented by the grooving corrosion factor, was within the acceptable range even after the long-term immersion test. The reasons of the grooving corrosion were analyzed from the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the weld. Compared with the matrix and the heat-affected zone, the fusion line had coarse grains, large corrosion current, and low self-corrosion potential, which played a part in the main reason to induce the groove corrosion effect.
Structural transitions of 4:1 methanol–ethanol mixture and silicone oil under high pressure
Authors: Chen Xiehang , Lou Hongbo , Zeng Zhidan , Cheng Benyuan , Zhang Xin , Liu Ye , Xu Dazhe , Yang Ke , Zeng Qiaoshi
Published: April 2021

A 4:1 (volume ratio) methanol–ethanol (ME) mixture and silicone oil are two of the most widely used liquid pressure-transmitting media (PTM) in high-pressure studies. Their hydrostatic limits have been extensively studied using various methods; however, the evolution of the atomic structures associated with their emerging nonhydrostaticity remains unclear. Here, we monitor their structures as functions of pressure up to ∼30 GPa at room temperature using in situ high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical micro-Raman spectroscopy, and ruby fluorescence spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell. No crystallization is observed for either PTM. The pressure dependence of the principal diffraction peak position and width indicates the existence of a glass transition in the 4:1 ME mixture at ∼12 GPa and in the silicone oil at ∼3 GPa, beyond which a pressure gradient emerges and grows quickly with pressure. There may be another liquid-to-liquid transition in the 4:1 ME mixture at ∼5 GPa and two more glass-to-glass transitions in the silicone oil at ∼10 GPa and ∼16 GPa. By contrast, Raman signals only show peak weakening and broadening for typical structural disordering, and Raman spectroscopy seems to be less sensitive than XRD in catching these structural transitions related to hydrostaticity variations in both PTM. These results uncover rich pressure-induced transitions in the two PTM and clarify their effects on hydrostaticity with direct structural evidence. The high-pressure XRD and Raman data on the two PTM obtained in this work could also be helpful in distinguishing between signals from samples and those from PTM in future high-pressure experiments.
β-Ga2O3 on Si (001) grown by plasma-assisted MBE with γ-Al2O3 (111) buffer layer: Structural characterization
Authors: Hadamek Tobias , Posadas Agham B. , Al-Quaiti Fatima , Smith David J. , McCartney Martha R. , Demkov Alexander A.
Published: April 2021

β-Ga2O3 was deposited in thin film form by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at 670 °C and 630 °C onto a γ-Al2O3 (111) buffer layer grown at 840 °C by e-beam evaporation on a clean Si (001) surface. The β-Ga2O3 film was 66 nm thick, stoichiometric, and strongly textured, as determined by x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, with three basal growth planes (2̄01), (101), and {310}, including one twin variant {31̄0}. The observed basal growth planes correspond to the close-packing planes of the distorted face-centered cubic oxygen sublattice of β-Ga2O3. Local structural ordering can be thought to occur due to a continuation of the oxygen sublattice from the γ-alumina buffer layer into the β-gallia film. Each β-Ga2O3 growth plane further gives rise to 12 symmetry-derived rotational in-plane variants, resulting in a total of 48 domain variants. Atomistic models of possible gallia–alumina interfaces are presented.
Study of a terahertz folded waveguide oscillator with sheet electron beam
Authors: Lu Fengying , Li Ke , Lei Zhixiong , Huang Ming , Qiao Wensheng
Published: April 2021

High power vacuum electronic devices of the millimeter wave to terahertz regime are attracting extensive interest due to their potential applications in science and technologies. In this paper, a novel sheet beam (SB) folded waveguide (FWG) slow-wave structure (SWS) is applied and studied for enhanced output power of oscillators. Through the analysis of high-frequency characteristics of the SB FWG-SWS, the selection of an appropriate beam–wave interaction point on the dispersion curve and beam position is determined for an SB folded waveguide oscillator (FWO) operating near the 2π stopband point. The fundamental mode operation of the SB FWO was verified by the particle-in-cell simulation results, which also indicate that the SB FWO exhibits a better outstanding performance (84.6 W with a beam voltage and current of 25.1 kV and 200 mA, respectively) than the conventional circular beam FWO. The transmission stability of the SB was analyzed by observing the interception beam current in the FWO. The voltage and frequency tuning performance of the SB FWO were discussed in combination with clutter suppression. A preliminary experiment was conducted by fabricating a 220 GHz SB FWG-SWS and measuring the S parameter.
Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Barringtonia asiatica covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Hydrodynamic description of D meson production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions *
Authors: Ding Chi , Ke Wei-Yao , Pang Long-Gang , Wang Xin-Nian
Published: April 2021

The large values and constituent-quark-number scaling of the elliptic flow of low-

D mesons imply that charm quarks, initially produced through hard processes, might be partially thermalized through strong interactions with quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. To quantify the degree of thermalization of low-

charm quarks, we compare the

meson spectra and elliptic flow from a hydrodynamic model to experimental data as well as transport model simulations. We use an effective charm chemical potential at the freeze-out temperature to account for the initial charm quark production from hard processes and assume that they are thermalized in the local comoving frame of the medium before freeze-out.

mesons are sampled statistically from the freeze-out hyper-surface of the expanding QGP as described by the event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc. Both the hydrodynamic and transport models can describe the elliptic flow of

mesons at

GeV/c as measured in Au+Au collisions at

GeV. Though the experimental data on

spectra are consistent with the hydrodynamic result at small

GeV/c, they deviate from the hydrodynamic model at high transverse momentum,

GeV/c. The diffusion and parton energy loss mechanisms in the transport model can describe the measured spectra reasonably well within the theoretical uncertainty. Our comparative study indicates that charm quarks only approach local thermal equilibrium at small

, even though they acquire sizable elliptic flow comparable to light-quark hadrons at both small and intermediate

.
A hybrid method for real-time stimulation artefact removal during functional electrical stimulation with time-variant parameters
Authors: Bi Zheng-Yang , Zhou Yu-Xuan , Xie Chen-Xi , Wang Hai-Peng , Wang Hong-Xing , Wang Bi-Lei , Huang Jia , Lü Xiao-Ying , Wang Zhi-Gong
Published: April 2021

Objective. In this study, a hybrid method combining hardware and software architecture is proposed to remove stimulation artefacts (SAs) and extract the volitional surface electromyography (sEMG) in real time during functional electrical stimulations (FES) with time-variant parameters. Approach. First, an sEMG detection front-end (DFE) combining fast recovery, detector and stimulator isolation and blanking is developed and is capable of preventing DFE saturation with a blanking time of 7.6 ms. The fragment between the present stimulus and previous stimulus is set as an SA fragment. Second, an SA database is established to provide six high-similarity templates with the current SA fragment. The SA fragment will be de-artefacted by a 6th-order Gram–Schmidt (GS) algorithm, a template-subtracting method, using the provided templates, and this database-based GS algorithm is called DBGS. The provided templates are previously collected SA fragments with the same or a similar evoking FES intensity to that of the current SA fragment, and the lengths of the templates are longer than that of the current SA fragment. After denoising, the sEMG will be extracted, and the current SA fragment will be added to the SA database. The prototype system based on DBGS was tested on eight able-bodied volunteers and three individuals with stroke to verify its capacity for stimulation removal and sEMG extraction. Results. The average stimulus artefact attenuation factor, SA index and correlation coefficient between clean sEMG and extracted sEMG for 6th-order DBGS were 12.77 ± 0.85 dB, 1.82 ± 0.37 dB and 0.84 ± 0.33 dB, respectively, which were significantly higher than those for empirical mode decomposition combined with notch filters, pulse-triggered GS algorithm, 1st-order and 3rd-order DBGS. The sEMG-torque correlation coefficients were 0.78 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.11 for able-bodied volunteers and individuals with stroke, respectively. Significance. The proposed hybrid method can extract sEMG during dynamic FES in real time.
Impact of shaping on microstability in high-performance tokamak plasmas
Authors: Beeke O. , Barnes M. , Romanelli M. , Nakata M. , Yoshida M.
Published: April 2021

We have used the local-δf gyrokinetic code GS2 to perform studies of the effect of flux-surface shaping on two highly-shaped, low- and high-β JT-60SA-relevant equilibria, including a successful benchmark with the GKV code. We find that for a high-performance plasma, i.e. one with high plasma beta and steep pressure gradients, the turbulent outwards radial fluxes may be reduced by minimizing the elongation. We explain the results as a competition between the local magnetic shear and finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) stabilization. Electromagnetic studies indicate that kinetic ballooning modes are stabilized by increased shaping due to an increased sensitivity to FLR effects, relative to the ion-temperature-gradient instability. Nevertheless, at high enough β, increased elongation degrades the local magnetic shear stabilization that enables access to the region of ballooning second-stability.
Corrigendum: Effect of thermoelectric placement on the commercial waterblock to the liquid cooling system performance (2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1763 012039)
Authors: Kennedy  , Anwar K , Muis A , Basri B , Ilhamsyah M
Published: April 2021

Description of corrigendum:

Page 1:

“Azimi et al. [8] use the water is cooled by passing through a block which is on contact with the cold side of a thermoelectric in the liquid cooling garment, showed that temperature difference versus the number of fins and the block dimensions has increasing behavior.”

This should read:

“Azimi et al. [7] use the water is cooled by passing through a block which is on contact with the cold side of a thermoelectric in the liquid cooling garment, showed that temperature difference versus the number of fins and the block dimensions has increasing behavior.”

Page 3:

In the sub section 2.2, the following text appears:

““The performance of thermoelectric modules known from the amount of heat that is pumped by the Peltier effect, heat moves from the hot side to the cold side because of the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric material, and a portion of the total Joule heating effect generated by the electric current to thermal resistance. From the energy equilibrium is obtained:”

This should read:

“The performance of thermoelectric modules known from the amount of heat that is pumped by the Peltier effect, heat moves from the hot side to the cold side because of the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric material, and a portion of the total Joule heating effect generated by the electric current to thermal resistance. From the energy equilibrium is obtained [10]:”

Page 4:

In the Figure 3, the following figure appears:

This should be appeared:

Page 5:

The following figures (Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6) appear:

This should be appeared:

Page 6:

In in the second line of the first paragraph, the following text appears:

“Observations through CFD were compared with experimental data to validate the simulation results. The simulation uses standard k- □ model turbulence, and boundary condition parameters are referred to the observed data.”

This should read:

“Observations through CFD were compared with experimental data to validate the simulation results. The simulation uses standard k-ε model turbulence, and boundary condition parameters are referred to the observed data.”