bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Социокультурные эффекты медиатизации телевидения
Authors: Полуэхтова Ирина Анатольевна
Published: December 2018

В статье анализируются изменения в социальном функционировании телевидения в контексте медиатизации и социокультурные последствия этих изменений, связанные со снижением социализационного потенциала телевидения, его роли в формировании единого информационного и культурного пространства и интеграции общества. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы результаты социологического исследования «Телевидение глазами телезрителей» (2000–2018), которое проводится под руководством автора статьи, а также вторичный анализ данных мониторинговых измерений телевизионной аудитории (компания «Медиаскоп»).

Телевидение (наряду с другими массмедиа) является, несомненно, важнейшим источником и инструментом медиатизации общества. Но и сам институт телевидения претерпевает кардинальные изменения, которые проявляются на разных уровнях. Основным фактором, оказывающим влияние на медийное поведение современных аудиторий СМИ, является цифровое неравенство. Вследствие этого в аудитории телевидения сегодня можно выделить несколько поколений телезрителей с разным медийным поведением.

Одним из эффектов медиатизации телевидения является индивидуализация телепотребления. Цифровой разрыв разрушает прежний механизм «воспроизводства» телевизионной аудитории. Цифровые трансформации российского телевидения происходят медленнее, чем развитие инфраструктуры и медийных сервисов Интернета, а также изменения в аудитории и практиках медиапотребления. Фрагментация аудитории может оказаться процессом с нежелательными социальными последствиями, поскольку ведет к еще большей раздробленности информационного пространства и публичной сферы.

Отмечается сильная зависимость российского телевидения от государства, с одной стороны, и рекламной бизнес-модели — с другой. Данные опросов фиксируют снижение интереса современной молодежи к телевидению как источнику развлекательного контента и заметно возросшее число молодых людей, включающих телевизор «по привычке» и «для фона». Это свидетельствует о глубинных сдвигах в восприятии телевидения как медиа. 

В этих условиях снижается предсказуемость воздействия телевидения на формирование мировоззренческих установок и ценностных ориентаций россиян. Это формирует риски снижения эффективности телевидения как агента социализации, а также его роли в формировании единого информационного пространства, интеграции и консолидации общества.
Internal fixation of instability pelvic fracture
Authors: Khapilin A. P. , Solod E. I. , Snetkov D. A. , Kotova M. N. , Simonov A. B. , Eremin I. K. , Shaikhutdinov R. S. , Beltikov K. S. , Postnikov S. D. , Gorelov I. V.
Published: December 2018

Over the past 3 years, an analysis of surgical treatment of 48 patients with unstable fractures of pelvic bones has been performed. The study group included patients with type B3, C2, and C3 fractures according to AO classification. The average follow-up period after the operation was 1 year.

Evaluation of the results of treatment was carried out on the basis of clinical examination, the analysis of radiographs and Mattis evaluation scale. Good results (76%) were obtained in patients with pelvic fractures type B3, C2, according to the AO classification. The number of satisfactory and unsatisfactory results of 15% and 9%, respectively, was obtained in patients in the group with the heaviest damage type C3. Complications of festering, impaired stability of fixation with loss of reposition were observed in 5 people (9%), two patients from the 3rd group died.

The obtained data allows to draw a conclusion that submersible osteosynthesis using various designs performed at the earliest possible time (damage control) remains the gold standard for today in the treatment of unstable fractures of the pelvis. The greatest number of complications was observed in the group of vertically unstable fractures of the pelvis C3. The data obtained correlates to a certain extent with the data of domestic and foreign literature.
Experimental comparison of constructions «spondylosyndesis-270» and «spondylosyndesis-360»
Authors: Abakirov М. D. , Nourmukhametov R. М. , Borisov Ya. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the biomechanical properties of the «spondylosyndesis-270» and «spondylosyndesis-360» fusion methods and make a conclusion about the possibility of the clinical use of «spondylosyndesis-270».

Mаteriаls аnd Methods. Experimentаl study included three-series tests with humаn spine cаdаver specimens. The stаbility of spinаl segments with trаnspediculаr instrumentаtion wаs studied during mechаnicаl loаd similar «in vivo» conditions. We used a torsion and tensile load on cadaver discs and investigated the stability of screw fixation in both methods.

Results: the monolateral fixation with the banana-shaped cage provides a sufficiently level of stability

under compression and torsion load. However, the outcomes of the monolateral method of fusion was better. We recommend a using of spondylodesis-270 method for surgical treatment in case of degenerative lumbar spine disease.
Modern methods of fixation of rear-camera intraocular lenses after facoemulsification of the cataract complicated by the violation of capsule support of the lumber
Authors: Kozhukhov A. A. , Kapranov D. O.
Published: December 2018

The review of domestic and foreign literature sources examining different methods of fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses after phacoemulsification of cataract, complicated capsular support of the lens is presented. There is a sufficiently widespread of transscleral suturing of the IOL and the prospect of developing IOL fixation in corneal layers.
Clinical case: aortic valve replacement with aortic root reconstruction and coronary artery bypass grafting in 73-yo obese female patient
Authors: Borisov D. V. , Zotov A. S. , Vachev S. A. , Troitskiy A. V. , Khabazov R. I.
Published: December 2018

Aortic valve replacement is the second most common cardiac surgery procedure. Prosthesis-patient size mismatch can increase the incidence of adverse events postoperatively, it also leads to increased left ventricular load. Some studies describe the higher mortality in this group of patients. It is also proved that patients with severe aortic stenosis usually have impaired platelet aggregation and low von Willebrand factor causing bleeding disorders.

We report a case of successful aortic valve replacement and aortic root enlargement (Nicks technique) combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery) and left atrial appendage resection in 73-y.o. obese female patient. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Animales y «narratividad». Dos muestras para un bestiario en la lírica de dos generaciones españolas contemporáneas
Authors: Moreno Pedrosa Joaquín
Published: December 2018

Tal como señala Robert Langbaum en The poetry of experience, desde finales del siglo xviii la poesía europea va incorporando rasgos característicos de la narrativa y el drama, con el fin de distanciar la perspectiva del sujeto lírico y tratar de convertir su experiencia en un hecho empírico. Por lo que respecta al panorama poético español, los animales son uno de los referentes que con mayor frecuencia sirven como correlato objetivo, para representar tanto sentimientos o revelaciones subjetivas como lugares, épocas y otros elementos externos a la propia conciencia lírica. Su presencia va acompañada siempre de rasgos narrativos en el poema, como demuestra una selección de ejemplos en dos generaciones poéticas.As it is highlighted by Robert Langbaum in The poetry of experience, since the end of the Eighteenth Century, European poetry started including characteristics of fiction and drama in order to separate the perspective of the lyrical subject and transform its experience into an empirical fact. Regarding the Spanish poetic outlook, animals are one of the most frequently used referents as objective correlative, so as to represent feelings and subjective revelations as places, times and other elements out of the lyrical subject. Its presence is always accompanied by narrative features in the poem, as it is seen in a variety of examples from two poetic generations.
La Tonadilla de Noé: la tortuga y la ballena, protagonistas del diluvio universal en un cuento de María Teresa León
Authors: Núñez Molina María Lourdes
Published: December 2018

Algunos cuentos de María Teresa León están protagonizados por animales que el lector relaciona con fábulas y cuentos populares (el oso, el lobo, el zorro, el águila…), pero sus historias suelen ser innovadoras. Así sucede en «La Tortuga 427» (publicado en Rosa-Fría, patinadora de la luna, 1934), donde la autora reescribe el mito del diluvio universal, destinando un papel crucial a dos animales literarios: uno vinculado con las fábulas ―la Tortuga―, otro con los bestiarios ―la Ballena―, para transmitir un mensaje moral. Además, destacaré cómo los recursos lúdicos contrastan con el desilusionado desenlace, conectando con textos posteriores de la autora. Some María Teresa León’s tales are starred by animals that the reader related to fables and folktales (bear, wolf, fox, eagle...), but their stories are often innovative. This happens in «La Tortuga 427» (published in Rosa-Fría, patinadora de la luna, 1934), where the author rewrites the Flood myth, allocating a crucial role to two literary animals: one linked with the fables ―the Turtle― the other with the bestiary ―the Whale―, to convey a moral message. In addition, I will highlight how the recreational resources contrast with the disappointed outcome, connecting with later texts of the author.
Tu rostro con la marea: una tragedia con máscaras pero sin héroe
Authors: Ramón García Emilio
Published: December 2018

Tu rostro con la marea es una metaficción historiográfica a modo de novela de memoria cuyo personaje principal, Ángel Bigas, se construye una imagen de héroe decimonónico. Incapaz de lidiar con la realidad,forja su vida según los mundos de escritores como Galdós, Maupassant y Stendhal, y según el modelo de amor romántico platónico hacia una mujer rusa, Olga Rykova Anneski. Incapaz de entenderla también a ella, la encaja dentro de las tesis del marqués de Custine respecto al pueblo ruso y sus tradicionales ataduras. Ella, por su parte, es el alter ego de la poeta rusa Ajmátova, y oculta un espíritu bolchevique tras su máscara. El análisis de sus figuras revela la relación entre la historia y la ficción, el carácter de tragedia clásica de la novela, el papel de las expectativas en la percepción, y el correlato de ambos con la historia de Europa. Tu rostro con la marea is piece of historiographical metafiction following the model of a memory novelaround its main character. Incapable of facing reality, Ángel Bigas projects the image of a nineteenthcentury hero according to the lives and works of Galdós, Maupassant and Stendhal while fueling hisaura with rumors and legends. His belief in the idiosyncrasy of the Russian people as understood by themarquis of Custine also makes him fail understanding his idealized love, Olga Rykova Anneski. She is also the alter ego of a very different kind of writer: the Russian Bolshevik poet Akhmatova. The analysisof the two figures as literary constructs reveals the relation between history and fiction, the natureof the novel as a classical tragedy, the role of expectations in perception and the direct relation of bothcharacters with the history of Europe.
La varia fortuna del condestable: una imagen romántica de don Álvaro de Luna
Authors: García Castañeda Salvador
Published: December 2018

Don Álvaro de Luna (1388?-1453) alcanzó un poder nunca visto, y los nobles, que le veían con temor ycon envidia, le acusaron de tener dominado al débil e indeciso monarca Juan II, quien muy a su pesar lecondenó a muerte. Las circunstancias de su ejecución y el valor y la dignidad con que don Álvaro fue alpatíbulo atrajo a los autores y artistas románticos, que vieron en él una víctima del sino y de los altibajosde la fortuna. Estudio aquí cuatro obras consideradas representativas: un relato breve, «The Fate ofLuna» de Telesforo de Trueba y Cosío; el romance histórico «Don Álvaro de Luna» del Duque de Rivas; el drama histórico, Don Álvaro de Luna de Antonio Gil y Zárate; y un romance de ciego, El Suplicio de D. Álvaro de Luna, de «F. M».Don Álvaro de Luna (1388?-1453) became the most powerful statesman of his time, but the nobility ―jealous and fearful of his power― pressured King Juan II of Castile, a weak and ungrateful man, to signhis death sentence. The circumstances of his execution, and the courage and poise in meeting his death at the scaffold sparked the imagination of Romantic authors and artists, who considered him a victim of Destiny and of capricious Fortune. In this article, I study four representative works of that period: Telesforo de Trueba y Cosío’s short story «The Fate of Luna»; the Duque de Rivas’s historical romance «Don Álvaro de Luna»; the historical drama Don Álvaro de Luna by Antonio Gil y Zárate; and «F. M.»’s El Suplicio de D. Álvaro de Luna, a «romance de ciego».
El mundo cortesano de Juan II a escena
Authors: Ceide Rodríguez María
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo centra su atención en Los cortesanos de don Juan II, obra del escritor vallisoletano Jerónimo Morán. Este drama histórico, estrenado en 1838 como respuesta contraria del autor a la guerra carlista que en ese momento se libra en España, toma como argumento literario los entresijos palaciegos que en 1453 vive la corte del rey Juan II de Castilla. Para transmitir su rechazo a las formas de gobierno vinculadas al Antiguo Régimen, Morán se sirve teatralmente de una extensa nómina de personajes, a menudo con un referente histórico reconocido, a través de los cuales trata de adoctrinar al público decimonónico en la necesidad de cuestionar determinadas actitudes políticas y de reflexionar acerca del infortunio que conlleva el ansia irracional de poder.The present work concentrates its attention on Los cortesanos de don Juan II, work of the writer JerónimoMorán. This historical drama, premiered in 1838 as the author’s opposite response to the Carlist warthat is currently being fought in Spain, takes as a literary argument the palatial insights that in 1453 thecourt of King Juan II of Castilla is living. In order to express the rejection of the forms of governmentlinked to the Old Regime, Morán uses a dyeing of an extensive list of characters, often with a recognizedhistorical reference, through which he tries to indoctrinate the nineteenth-century public in the needto question certain political attitudes and to reflect on the misfortune that accompanied the irrationalcraving for power.
El discurso mítico de la Edad Media en la Historia General de España de Modesto Lafuente
Authors: Fuertes Arboix Mónica
Published: December 2018

Modesto Lafuente es el artífice de la Historia General de España escrita en el siglo XIX, redacción a la quededicó los últimos años de su vida. La visión de España que se describe en sus páginas es la de un país constituido como tal desde la antigüedad. Esta visión mítica y fundacional de España responde, entreotras causas, al discurso político nacionalista del siglo XIX: la búsqueda en el pasado para justificar elpresente y construir un futuro en el que los españoles como nación social y política se puedan identificar.En este trabajo tratamos de los elementos que se vale Lafuente para construir ese discurso mítico yen la influencia de ese discurso en la España contemporánea.Modesto Lafuente is the author of the Historia General de España written in the 19th century, to what hededicated the last years of his life. The vision of Spain described in this work is that of a country constitutedas such since antiquity. This mythic and foundational vision of Spain has to do, among otherthings, to the national and political discourse common in 19th century Spain, and that mainly deals withthe idea of searching the past to justify the present, in order to build a future where the Spanish peoplecan identify themselves as a social and political nation. In this paper we discuss the different elements used by Lafuente to construct this mythic discourse, and the influence that this discourse has even in contemporary Spain.
Asedios a la poesía surrealista de José María de la Rosa. El caso de “Vértice de Sombra” = Norrowing down José María de la Rosa’s surrealist poetry. The example of “Vértice de Sombra”
Authors: Martín Fumero José Manuel
Published: December 2018

José María de la Rosa es uno de los más genuinos representantes de la estética surrealista que se abrió paso durante el periodo prebélico en Canarias. Junto a Agustín Espinosa, Pedro García Cabrera, Do­mingo López Torres y Emeterio Gutiérrez Albelo formó parte del núcleo surrealista de Gaceta de Arte, y fue autor de algunos de los poemarios que con mayor fervor abrazaron el credo bretoniano. Vértice de sombra es, sin duda, la mejor muestra de esta personalísima adhesión, y en este artículo intentaremos desentrañar las principales claves que, a partir de esta plaquette, lo sitúan como uno de los miembros más singulares dentro del grupo surrealista canario.José María de la Rosa is one of the most genuine representatives of the surreal aesthetic that made its way during the pre—war period in the Canaries. Together with Agustín Espinosa, Pedro García Cabre­ra, Domingo López Torres and Emeterio Gutiérrez Albelo he was part of the Gaceta de Arte’s surrealist circle , and he was the author of some of the collection of poems that most eargly embraced the Breto­nian creed. Vértice de sombra is undoubtedly the best example of this his very personal adherence , and in this article we aim at unrevealing the main key elements from this plaquette which place him as one of the most unique members within the surrealistic Canarian group.
Electrohydrodynamic printing process monitoring by microscopic image identification
Authors: Sun Jie , Jing Linzhi , Fan Xiaotian , Gao Xueying , C. Liang Yung
Published: December 2018

Electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) is able to precisely manipulate the position, size, and morphology of micro-/nano-fibers and fabricate high-resolution scaffolds using viscous biopolymer solutions. However, less attention has been paid to the influence of EHDP jet characteristics and key process parameters on deposited fiber patterns. To ensure the printing quality, it is very necessary to establish the relationship between the cone shapes and the stability of scaffold fabrication process. In this work, we used a digital microscopic imaging technique to monitor EHDP cones during printing, with subsequent image processing algorithms to extract related features, and a recognition algorithm to determine the suitability of Taylor cones for EHDP scaffold fabrication. Based on the experimental data, it has been concluded that the images of EHDP cone modes and the extracted features (centroid, jet diameter) are affected by their process parameters such as nozzle-substrate distance, the applied voltage, and stage moving speed. A convolutional neural network is then developed to classify these EHDP cone modes with the consideration of training time consumption and testing accuracy. A control algorithm will be developed to regulate the process parameters at the next stage for effective scaffold fabrication.
A note on Asymptotical Efficiency of the Goodness of Fit Tests Based on disjoint k-spacings Statistic
Authors: Naeem Muhammad
Published: December 2018

In this paper Pitman's asymptotic efficiencies (AE) as well as Kallenberg's intermediate AE of the goodness-of-fit tests based on higher-order non-overlapping spacings is considered. We study log statistic as well as entropy type statistic based on k-spacings when k may tend to infinity as n approaches infinity. It certainly compliments the available results for fixed k and provides more general result. We show that both types of statistics based on higher ordered spacings have higher efficiencies in Pitman's sense compared to their counterparts based on simple spacings. It is also shown that the Kallenberg's intermediate AE of such test coincides with its Pitman's AE, the power of the tests are also discussed.
A New Flexible Lifetime Model with Statistical Properties and Applications
Authors: Abo Raya Mohamed
Published: December 2018

In this article, we introduce a new lifetime model which exhibits the increasing, the decreasing and the bathtub hazard rates. The considerable justification for the practicality of the new lifetime model is depended on the wider use of the exponentiated Weibull and Weibull lifetime models. The new lifetime model can be viewed as a mixture of the exponentiated Weibull distribution. It can also be viewed as a appropriate model for fitting the right skewed, the symmetric, the left skewed and the unimodal data. We prove empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling two types of lifetime data. The new lifetime model is a superior on the Marshall Olkin extended-Weibull, the Poisson Topp Leone-Weibull, the Burr X Exponentiated-Weibull, the Kumaraswamy-Weibull, the Gamma-Weibull, the Transmuted modified-Weibull, the Weibull-FrÃ©chet, the Beta-Weibull, the Mcdonald-Weibull, the transmuted exponentiated generalized-Weibull, the Kumaraswamy transmuted-Weibull, and the Modified beta-Weibull models so the new model is a good substitutional to these models in modeling the aircraft windshield data. The new lifetime model is much better than the Mcdonald-Weibull, the transmuted linear exponential, the Weibull, the transmuted modified-Weibull, the Modified beta-Weibull,the transmuted additive-Weibull, the exponentiated transmuted generalized Rayleig models in modeling cancer patient data. In modeling the survival times of Guinea pigs data we deduced that the proposed model is much better than the Odd Weibull-Weibull, the Weibull Logarithmic-Weibull and the gamma exponentiated-exponential models. Finally, the new model is a preferable model than the exponentiated-Weibull, the transmuted-Weibull, the Odd Log Logistic-Weibull models, and a good alternate to these models in modeling Glass fibres data.
An Empirical Study of Error Evaluation in Trend and Seasonal Time Series Forecasting Based on SSA
Authors: Sulandari Winita , Subanar Subanar , Suhartono Suhartono , Utami Herni , Lee Muhammad Hisyam
Published: December 2018

SSA (Singular Spectrum Analysis) starts to become a popular method in decomposing time series into some separable and interpretable series. This study provides an error evaluation in the SSA-based model for trend and multiple seasonal time series forecasting. This error evaluation is obtained by means of a numerical study on the mean square error of the estimators and mean absolute percentage error of the forecast values. Four distinct types of data generating processes (DGP) with varying sample sizes are considered in this experimental study. The parameters are estimated from the component series of SSA. Each DGP is decomposed into trend, periodic and irregular components. All these components except the irregular one are fitted by appropriate deterministic function separately. Based on the numerical simulation results, the estimated parameters are closer to the true values as the sample size increases. As the illustrative example of the real data set implementation, we used the monthly atmospheric concentrations of CO2 from Moana Loa observatory for period January 1959 to June 1972. The proposed method produces better forecast values than the results of SSA-LRF (Linear Recurrent Formula) and TLSAR (Two Level Seasonal Autoregressive). The results encourage the improvement in the time series modeling on the more complex pattern.
Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for the Weibull Generalized Exponential Distribution Parameters Using Progressive Censoring Schemes
Authors: Almetwally Ehab Mohamed , Almongy Hisham Mohamed , Mubarak Amaal El sayed
Published: December 2018

In this paper we consider the estimation of the Weibull Generalized Exponential Distribution (WGED) Parameters with Progressive Censoring Schemes. In order to obtain the optimal censoring scheme for WGED, more than one method of estimation was used to reach a better scheme with the best method of estimation. The maximum likelihood method and the method of Bayesian estimation for (square error and Linex) loss function have been used. Monte carlo simulation is used for comparison between the two methods of estimation under censoring schemes. To show how the schemes work in practice; we analyze a strength data for single carbon fibers as a case of real data.
Outcome of total laparoscopic hysterectomy in relation to the size of the uterus
Authors: Ajjammanavar Virupakshi , P. Vinodini , S. Jayashree
Published: December 2018

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a safe and feasible technique to manage benign uterine pathology as it offers minimal postoperative discomfort; with shorter hospital stay, rapid convalescence and early return to the activities of daily living. However, to date very few studies have been reported on safety and feasibility of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) in large sized uteri. The present study was planned to evaluate the intra-operative and post-operative parameters in relation to size of the uterus during TLH.Methods: This study was a comparative study. Fifty women with uterine size less than 12 weeks (Group 1) and fifty women with uterine size more than or equal to 12 weeks (Group 2) for whom TLH was planned for benign indications were included in the study. Intra-operative and post-operative parameters like blood loss, duration of surgery, post-operative pain and complications were compared between the two groups. Comparison was done using independent sample t test. A probability (‘p’ value) of less than or equal to 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the patients in both the groups was matched (44.82 years vs. 43.96 years). The mean operative time (48.80±14.12 minutes vs. 77.3±35.11 minutes; p <0.001) and blood loss (40.10±18.25ml vs. 70.6±65.46 ml; p=0.002) were significantly high in Group 2 compared to Group 1. The mean pain scores were similar in both the groups at 6 hours, 24 hours and at the time of discharge. No significant complications were noted in both the groups.Conclusions: TLH is safe, feasible and acceptable for large size uterus (>12 weeks). However, it is associated with longer operative time, and greater amount of blood loss.
Prevalence of blighted ovum in first trimester of pregnancy: a hospital based study
Authors: A. Mitwally Abo Bakr , M. Abd El Aal Diaa Eldeen , Taher Nermeen , Abbas Ahmed M.
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of blighted ovum among pregnant women in 1st trimester attending our hospital during their antenatal visits and to know the fate of blighted ovum either if there is spontaneous expulsion of the sac or need of medical induction or surgical evacuation.Methods: This observational study was conducted at Obstetrics and Genecology Department, Women Health Hospital and Sahel Selim Hospital, Egypt from November 2015 to February 2018. All patients recruited in this study attended the antenatal care clinics for antenatal follow-up during their first-trimester of pregnancies.Results: All cases of the study were less than 14 weeks. The mean gestational age was 8.93±1.01 (7.0-11.0) weeks. In patients less than 20 years old, (73%) there is a significant increase in surgical treatment (dilatation & curettage) after failure of medical treatment, patients more than 40 years old (50.7%) there is a significant increase in medical treatment after success taking misoprostol so there is no need to a surgical treatment by (dilatation & curettage) in the majority of cases.Conclusions: The prevalence of blighted ovum was 15.6%. Also, the prevalence of blighted ovum was statistically significant increased with increase maternal age and also, we noticed that there was a statistically significant association between early pregnancy failure and a history of previous early pregnancy loss.
The prevalence and determinants of female serodiscordance among HIV positive pregnant women attending PMTCT clinic in Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Innocent O. , Okeudo Chijioke , Ezem Bamidele U. , Ukoh Clara U. , Nzeribe Emily A. , Nwagha Uchenna , Njoku Tobechi , Uzoma Onyeka , Duke Onyebuchi A.
Published: December 2018

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus sero-discordance is high among heterosexual couples in Africa. However, only few studies have explored the factors that are associated with the prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sero-discordance among HIV positive pregnant women in Owerri and to assess its possible associated factors.Methods: A cross sectional study of pregnant women (and their partners) who tested positive to HIV I and II at the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinic from December 2015 to May 2016 in Federal Medical Center Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria.Results: A total of 106 HIV positive pregnant women (and their partners) were studied. The prevalence of female serodiscordance was 63.2% (67/106). Pre-marital serodiscordance contributed about 52.2% (35/67) female serodiscordance among couples in the study. Sero-discordance rate for the lower, middle, and upper classes were 50% (28/56), 76.1% (35/46) and 100% (4/4) respectively and was statistically significant (p<0.01). Condom use was significantly associated with female serodiscondance (P<0.01). CD4+ count of the female partner at booking was also found statistically significantly associated with female serodiscordance (P<0.01).Conclusions: There is high prevalence of female serodiscordance among HIV positive pregnant women in Owerri. Pre-marital serodiscordance contributed significantly to high level of female serodiscordance among couples. Higher social class, condom use and high female- partner CD4+ count are significantly associated with female sero-discordance.
Knowledge and practice of emergency contraception among female students of public university of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Yobi A Lexis , Ouedraogo Issa , Kiemtore Sibraogo , Ouedraogo Fatou , Toure Boubakar , Ouattara Adama , Kain Dantola Paul , Marie Ouedraogo Charlemagne R.
Published: December 2018

Background: Female students are exposed to unsafe sex, sources of unwanted pregnancy and abortions. It is recognized that emergency contraception can effectively prevent pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of Ouagadougou public university students in relation to emergency contraception in order to propose solutions to reduce the proportion of unwanted pregnancies among female students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between May 1st and October 31st, 2016 in the public universities of Ouagadougou. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 732 students randomly selected.Results: The average age of female students was 22.7 years old. The age group 19 to 24 was the most represented (68.03%). Of the students surveyed, 87% knew or had heard of emergency contraception. The students only used the emergency contraceptive pill. The emergency contraceptive use rate was 44.42%. Approximately, 83% of users were aware of the delay in using emergency contraception. The reasons for using emergency contraception were condom breakage (25.10%) and unprotected sex (74.9%). Female students purchased the contraceptive directly in pharmacies (93.61%).Conclusions: Emergency contraception gives women a last chance to avoid an unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sex.  Awareness and free availability of emergency contraception (EC) could improve the reproductive health of female students.
Study of maternal and neonatal outcome in teenage pregnancy
Authors: Mundhe Sharvari , Patil Varsha , Saha Divya
Published: December 2018

Background: Teenage is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. According to WHO, the period of teenage extends from 11-19 years. The objective of the present study was to find out the incidence and to evaluate the effect of pregnancy in teenage girls (13-19 years) and its maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study, the duration from 1st January 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: 216 teenage patients were studied; however medical termination and abortions were excluded as the study includes both maternal & neonatal outcome. 3944 pregnant patients were admitted for delivery and abortion related care. Out of this, pregnant adolescents were 216. Proportion of adolescent pregnancy was 5.47%. 170(78.7%) were booked, 32 (14.81%) were unmarried, while 50 (23.1%) were literate. Primigravida were 189 (87.5%) & multigravida was 27 (12.5%).39 (18.05%) were Anemic, Preterm labour occurred in 14 (6.5%) & PROM occurred in 41 (18.9%) patients. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia occurred in 27 (12.5%) and 14 (6.5%) respectively. There were 176(81.48%) normal vaginal deliveries.36 (16.66%) had Lower Segment Caesarean Section; commonest indication being Cephalopelvic disproportion (25%) & 4(1.85%) were instrumental deliveries 53 (24.3%) babies required admission at Neonatal Intensive care unit. Low Birth weight babies were 15 (28.3%).Conclusions: - Early ANC registration and good antenatal care with effective intrapartum & postpartum monitoring along with contraceptive advice on discharge help reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity & mortality associated with teenage pregnancy. However, it is evident that teenage pregnancy rates could be reduced by effective measures like sex education in schools, community-based programs, widespread awareness about contraception.
Evaluation of maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy with heart disease
Authors: Mulik Jayshree , Patil Rahul
Published: December 2018

Background: Heart diseases complicate >1% of all pregnancies and is the leading indirect cause of maternal deaths. Present study attempted determining the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with heart disease using various relevant parameters.Methods: A total of 44 consecutive cases of heart disease with pregnancy that were admitted at the study centre from December 2013 to August 2015 were included and analyzed for outcome with respect to age, parity, associated comorbidities, nature of cardiac lesions, type of valvular involvement, NYHA functional class, type of anaesthesia used, mode of delivery, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, birth weight of babies and maternal and fetal mortality, if any.Results: Rheumatic heart disease 26 (59.1%) was the commonest lesion observed to be affecting pregnant patients, followed by congenital heart disease (10, 22.7%). Mitral valve (30, 68.2%) was found most commonly affected, followed by aortic valve (10, 22.7%). Regurgitant lesions (26, 59.09%) were commoner than stenotic ones (14, 31.81%). Four (9.1%) patients went into left ventricular failure and had to be admitted to ICU. Of these, one patient (2.3%) died.Conclusions: Maternal heart disease is one of the important causes of maternal mortality. The obstetrician needs to have strong suspicion of the entity right from the start, so as to improve upon the maternal as well as fetal outcomes.
Does type of intervention affects the endoscopic procedure outcome in female infertile patients? an experience at a single tertiary care centre
Authors: Agrawal Namita , Fayyaz S.
Published: December 2018

Background: To compare the types of hysterolaparoscopic interventions in female infertile patients and evaluate the outcome in terms of achieving pregnancy at follow up of 12 months.Methods: We prospectively evaluated 157 female-infertile-patients (age range 19-35 years; mean age 27.75 years). During their workup, all underwent hysterolaparoscopy. The detected anatomical abnormalities on hysterolaparoscopy were also tackled at same time if possible. After hysterolaparoscopy, Patients were advised for regular sexual activity. Follow-up of all recruited patients was done for 12 months or till achievement of fetal cardiac activity.Results: Of the 157 female-infertile-patients, 93 (59.2%) were of primary infertility and remaining 64 (41.74%) were secondary infertility patients. Hysterolaparoscopy revealed abnormalities in 125/157 patients. Of the 125 patients with abnormal hysterolaparoscopic findings, 121 underwent active therapeutic interventions. Out of 121 underwent active intervention and 43 patients conceived during next 12 months. Of 121 patients, 81 (66.9%) experienced single type intervention and remaining 40 (33.1%) experienced multiple type of the intervention. Among 81 patients with single type intervention, 28 conceived while 33 patients with multiple type of intervention 15 conceived. There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcome in both groups. When we analyzed independently in primary and secondary infertility patients, similarly there was no significant difference in the pregnancy outcome.Conclusions: We concluded the conception rate was not significantly difference in infertile female patients, who underwent either single or multiple type hysterolaparoscopic intervention. So hysterolaparoscopy interventions should be performed in infertile female patients irrespective of type and extent of pelvic pathologies.
Study of role of tablet misoprostol and extra amniotic normal saline in second trimester abortion
Authors: Kothadiya Zinkal P. , Airao Bhavesh B. , Shah Bipin R.
Published: December 2018

Background: Second-trimester pregnancy termination comprises 10 to 15 percent of the approximately 42 million abortions performed annually worldwide.  Second-trimester procedures can be performed either with medication or by mechanical methods (Foleys catheter) or surgically by dilation and evacuation (D and E) or hysterotomy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Tablet Misoprostol and extra amniotic infusion of normal saline with balloon catheter in second trimester abortion, to find out the maternal outcome, to compare the induction- to delivery interval between tablet misoprostol and extra amniotic infusion of normal saline with balloon catheter and to compare the cost of induction between tablet misoprostol and extra amniotic infusion of normal saline   with balloon catheter.Methods: This randomized controlled study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology. Department of C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, from 23th August 2017 to 20th August 2018.Results: Amongst the 100 participants, 50 induction is done with tab. Misoprostol and 50 induction done with EASIBC. Success rate is higher in tab. Misoprost which is 90.20% and in EASIBC is 75.51%. There were longer induction abortion interval in EASIBC: Need for curettage among Misoprostol is 5 and EASIBC is 9. Major complication like PPH occurred in two cases in induction with tab. Misoprostol, which is managed by further intervention and no death occurred. No major complication occurred in induction with EASIBC.Conclusions: Excluding the side effects and complications, which are manageable induction with tab. Misoprostol is better than EASIBC in terms of induction abortion interval, effectiveness, acceptability.
Association of placental position with the development of hypertension in pregnancy
Authors: A. Prathima , P. Reddi Rani
Published: December 2018

Background: Hypertensive disorders remain the most common medical complication during pregnancy and contribute greatly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Several tests have been proposed to identify the women at risk of developing hypertension. Among the various predictors, the placental location by USG at 18-24 weeks is cost effective, non- invasive and has a good positive predictive value. The present study was undertaken to predict the association of placental location with the development of hypertension in pregnancy.Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study conducted on 380 uncomplicated primigravid women who attended the obstetric OPD of MGMC&RI over a period of 18 months (March 2017-august 2018). A detailed history was taken, and examination done and B.P. was measured. The placental location was determined by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks and the patients were divided into two groups : group A were women with lateral placenta and group B were women with other placental locations. All women were followed up for signs and symptoms of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and mode of delivery and neonatal outcome were noted.Results: Out of 380 women, 56(14.7%) had lateral placenta and 324(85.3%) had other placental locations. Out of the 57 women who developed hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, 16(28.6%) had lateral placenta and 41(12.7%) had other placental locations. The risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy with lateral placenta was 3.5(odds ratio) with a 95% confidence interval (1.4-8.6). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value when placental laterality is used as a predictive test was 28.1%, 87.6%, 28.6% and 87.4% respectively.Conclusions: The placental laterality as determined by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks is a simple, non-invasive, cost-effective predictive test to predict women at high risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and this test has a high specificity and negative predictive value.
Study of route of hysterectomy
Authors: Gupta Dolly , Chandnani Kavita
Published: December 2018

Background: The objective is to study complication rate, advantages and outcome of different route of hysterectomy.Methods: A prospective study of 175 women over a period of 1 year i.e. from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2011 SSG hospital, Vadodara. Depending on the patient profile, experience of surgeon optimum route of hysterectomy was decided.Results mean operating time in AH group was 68.4±14.4min, which was 80±10.3min, 115.8±40.6min and 148.8±25.5min in NDVH, LAVH and TLH group respectively. TLH was performed by consultants. Febrile morbidity was significantly high in AH (23%). Bladder and ureteral injuries were seen in 4% and 3% cases of NDVH and AH group. Wound complications were seen in AH (10%), whereas vault complications were higher in TLH. The hospital stay was shortest in TLH. Women with TLH had early ambulation, early resumption to normal diet, early return to routine work and better sexual function.Conclusions: Women with excessively enlarged uteri, significant pelvic pathology, or cancer are obvious candidates for AH. On the other hand, VH is frequently chosen for the small uterus in a multiparous woman with a large pelvis and no prior pelvic inflammatory disease or surgery. Although TLH, LAVH have significantly lower complication rate than AH, but overall cost is higher owing to the high operating room charges. The final selection of hysterectomy route should be based on surgeon’s experience and indication for surgery.
Neonatal and maternal outcome in term primigravida with isolated oligohydramnios
Authors: Agarwal Shelly , Gupta Samta
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in term primigravida with isolated oligohydramnios.Methods: A retrospective, case–control study was carried out in the department of OBG, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida from November 2014 to October 2017. The study population comprised of low-risk primigravida with singleton, term pregnancy, with vertex presentation and intact membranes.  After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criterion, the study population was divided into cases (n = 51) and control group (176) and the results were analyzed in reference to rate of induction of labour, C. Section rate and the perinatal outcome.Results: Isolated oligohydramnios is associated with increased rate of induction of labour and increased operative interference, but perinatal outcome in terms of mean birth weight, Apgar score at 5 min and NICU admissions for over 24 hours, are not statistically significant in comparison with control group.Conclusions: Isolated oligohydramnios is not an indicator of adverse perinatal outcome.
A clinical study of impact of anaemia in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcome
Authors: K. Lokeshwari , Arpana Anju , Mudigubba Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim is to study effect of anaemia in obstetrics patients during antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum and to find the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in those patients.Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted on patients receiving obstetric care at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital from July 2016 to July 2018.Pregnant women with Hb less than 8g were included in the study to determine the outcome of pregnancy in severe anaemia and determine the causes of anaemia. Acute cases of obstetrical haemorrhages as in antepartum and postpartum haemorrhages and all medical and surgical high-risk factors except anaemia, were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 200 pregnant anaemic patients with haemoglobin less than 8g/dl were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin concentration at first presentation. Patients with haemoglobin level less than 5g/dl were included in group A (N=44, 22%), and rest of the patients were included in group B (N=156, 78%). Most commonly observed complications in the study were preeclampsia and eclampsia (46 cases), preterm labour (46 cases) and IUGR (30 cases). In both group of patients, the commonest cause of anaemia in pregnancy was iron deficiency. The greater the severity of anaemia in pregnancy, greater was the risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth.Conclusions: This study reveals that severe anaemia which is commonly observed in the pregnancy in our country, gives rise to maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities.
The study of maternal and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. Neelima
Published: December 2018

Background: Preeclampsia accounts for majority of causes for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: All patients beyond 20 weeks with pre-eclampsia admitted to Gandhi Hospital during two-year study period were enrolled in the study. The  objective of this study was to analyze the type and rate of maternal and perinatal complications in preeclampsia. Women with preexisting renal disease, chronic hypertension, anemia, heart disease, epilepsy, thrombophilias, hemolytic disease, preexisting liver disease were excluded from the study. Obstetrics management was done as per existing protocol in the department. Magnesium sulphate  was the drug of choice to control convulsions. Blood pressure was controlled by either tablet alpha methyl dopa or nifedipine or both.Results: Preeclampsia cases accounted for 460 (4.9%) of total deliveries. Majority (86.52%) were unbooked cases between 20 -25 years of age (63.48%) and were primigravida (60.44%) belonging to low socioeconomic status (73.91%). Commonest maternal complication in present study was eclampsia (34.56%) Total maternal deaths accounted for 14. Most common cause for maternal mortality was eclampsia with HELLP (9,64.28%).  Total perinatal deaths  accounted for164 and most common cause  for perinatal death was prematurity (47,28.65%).Conclusions: Preeclampsia is major leading cause for poor maternal and fetal outcome. Regular antenatal checkup , early diagnosis  , early interventions , early referral to tertiary centers, optimum timing and mode of delivery and awareness among patients will reduce both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.