bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge Strength of Powdered Gold Fillings
Authors: Iwaku Masaaki , Nagata Naohiro , Hosoda Hiroyasu , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA FORTIA DE BORDATURA DE PLUMBAGE A AuRo PuLvERisATE.-Le fortia de bordatura e altere proprietates physic de plumbages de auro pulverisate esseva comparate con illos de altere materiales de plumbage con le utilisation de un simplificate machina a tests de flexion. Le fortia de bordatura de plumbage de auro pulverisate, representate per le flexura maximal, esseva un medietate de illo de plumbage de folio de auro e duo vices illo de plumbage de amalgama. Le fortia de massa de plumbage de auro pulverisate, representate per le resistentia flexori, esseva approximativemente 60 pro cento de illo de plumbage de folios de auro e de amalgama.
A Quantitative Microradiographic Study of Incipient Enamel Caries
Authors: Bergman Gunnar , Ove Lind Per
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA UN QUANTITATIVE STUDIO MICRORADIOGRAPHIC DE INCIPIENTE CARIE ADAMANTIN.—Le strato superficial del cariose adamante studiate habeva perdite approximativemente 8 pro cento de su sales mineral. Le valor medie del spissitate del strato superficial esseva 40 μ, e le valor medie de su contento mineral esseva 82,7 pro cento a base del volumine. Le dismineralisation subsuperficial monstrava marcate variationes. Le contento mineral le plus basse esseva 28,9 pro cento a base del volumine, e iste alte grado de dismineralisation esseva trovate in un lesion de un profundor de 300 μ sin ruptura del superficie.
Effects of Different Types of Human Foods on Dental Health in Experimental Animals
Authors: Stephan Robert M.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA LE EFFECTOS DE DIFFERENTE TYPOS DE ALIMENTATION HUMAN SUPER LE SALUTE DENTAL DE ANIMALES EXPERIMENTAL.—Studios clinic in patientes con marcatemente active carie dental monstrava que numerose differente alimentos e bibitas habeva essite consumite, in multe casos inter le repastos regular. Con le objectivo de testar experimentalmente le cariogenicitate relative de ille alimentos e bibitas, 53 de typo representative esseva offerite ad libitum durante 28 dies a recentemente dislactate rattos de linea Osborne-Mendel. Le resultatos de iste experimentos animal ha clarificate le datos dietari de previe studios clinic. Illos indica que multe communmente consumite alimentos e bibitas es possibilemente cariogene.
Relationship of Dental Caries and Stress: Concentrations in Teeth as Revealed by Photoelastic Tests
Authors: Lehman M.L. , Meyer M.L.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA LE RELATION INTER CARIE DENTAL E AREAS DE CONCENTRATION DE STRESS IN DENTES, STUDIATE PER MEDIO DE TESTS PHOTOELASTIC.-UN technica de ingenieria, revelante concentrationes de stress per configurationes marginal in thermotractate e trenchate modellos sub cargation, esseva applicate a magnificate "dentes" solitari o gruppate ex epoxy-resina simulante le elasticitate de adamante e de dentina. Le experimentos effectuate ha revelate importante concentrationes de stress in punctos de contacto inter dentes adjacente o inter dentes e prostheses e forte stresses distribuite al longo del junction ademanto-dentinal in un piano horizontal inter le punctos de contacto, con multo plus debile stresses in altere sitos. Isto indica un connexion con le reportate phenomeno de initiation de carie dental a punctos de contacto e de su propagation al longo del junction ademanto-dentinal.
Morphologic and Histochemical Comparison of the Zygomatic, Lacrimal, and Sublingual Glands in the Female Golden Hamster
Authors: Kronman Joseph H. , O'Donnell Louise J. , Chauncey Howard H.
Published: November 2010

This study was initiated to characterize the hamster zygomatic gland and to differentiate it from the structurally similar lacrimal and sublingual glands. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used for morphologic evaluation. The histochemical procedures employed were: PAS (with diastase and distilled water controls), aqueous toluidine blue (RNA-ase), Alcian blue, DMAB, S-acid, and DDD. The site of drainage of secretion products was also established.
Effects of a Clay Supplement on Body Weight Increment, Bones, and Teeth of Rats
Authors: Ershoff Benjamin H. , Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Rats fed a non-heat-processed, wheat flour-containing ration were retarded in growth and exhibited pathologic changes in the tibias and alveolar bone. A supplement of 1% to 4% clay or 4% salt mixture caused an increase in body weight and prevented the pathologic changes. A supplement of 0.3% CaCO3 and 0.165% NaHCO3 (which provided calcium and sodium in amounts equivalent to that in the 4% clay supplement) prevented the pathologic changes and promoted a weight increment only slightly less than that obtained with the 4% clay supplement.
Quantitative Study of Bone Activity in Alveolar and Femoral Bone of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Soni Narendar N.
Published: November 2010

Tracings of microradiographic projections were measured with a planimeter to assess bone-forming activity. Values for forming bone were higher in the maxilla than in the mandible. In femoral bone, the high to low values were in the metaphysis, the epiphysis, and the diaphysis, respectively. The inverse relationship was found between forming and static bone.
Autoradiographic Study of Cellular Proliferation During Early Development of the Mandibular Condyle in Mice
Authors: Frommer Jack , Monroe Clyde W. , Morehead James R. , Belt W. Duane
Published: November 2010

Tritiated thymidine labeling of cells in the fibroarticular and chondrogenic zones of the mandibular condyle during early differentiation indicated independent proliferation in each zone. Cells of the cartilaginous zone, unlabeled during the two-hour post-thymidine interval, presumably arose by maturation from the cells of the chondrogenic zone.
Nowotny Phases and Apatites: A Comparative Study
Authors: Parthe Erwin , Rieger Wolfhart
Published: November 2010

A group of metallic compounds known as Nowotny phases, have hexagonal unit cells and atomic arrangement similar to apatite, where the anion groups of the apatite are replaced by single metallic atoms. The compounds show the same variety in composition as apatite. Because of these similarities, Nowotny phases might be used for remineralization or filling materials in dental hard tissue and bone. However, at present, no such compounds both with proper lattice dimensions and with proper chemical stability are known.
Exfoliative Cytologic Changes in Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Bánóczy Jolan
Published: November 2010

Cytologic examination of 195 patients with clinically diagnosed leukoplakia revealed signs of malignancy in 4% after a single examination and in 8.8% after repeated smears in a five-year observational period. Positive cytologic results occurred mostly in patients with erosive leukoplakia.
Studies Comparing the Metabolism in Rats of Radiophosphorus Provided as NaH 2PO4 and Other Inorganic Phosphates
Authors: Schaefer Jerome C. , McDonald James L. , Stookey George K. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

Three studies were conducted in the rat to determine relative amounts of radiophosphorus present in various hard tissues and body fluids when provided as various inorganic phosphates. Considerable variation was observed in metabolic activity of the phosphates, with NaH2PO4 having the greater activity.
Blood Groups A and B in Oral Epithelium of Young and Old Men
Authors: Lapp Noel B. , Toto Patrick D.
Published: November 2010

Oral cytologic smears were obtained from 100 individuals with type A or B blood groups, ranging in age from 10 to 70 years. Fluorescent antibody preparations revealed the cells to contain A and B blood groups at all ages.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Epithelium-Connective Tissue Interface in Relation to Assessments of the Mitotic Index
Authors: Löe Harald , Karring T.
Published: November 2010

This paper describes the individual variations in the length and area of the basement membrane and in the volume of the epithelium. The wide variations in the area of the basement membrane and the total epithelial cell population necessitates the introduction of a new method for calculating mitotic activity and turnover rate. A new mitotic index system is suggested.
Squamous Carcinoma of the Lip: A Study of the Interface Between Neoplastic Epithelium and the Underlying Mesenchyma
Authors: Jones J. Harold , Coyle J.I.
Published: November 2010

In a study of 50 squamous carcinomas of the lower lip, 25 metastasized and 25 were successfully treated by simple resection. Lack of differentiation, a poor lymphocytic response and, in particular, the formation of a loose, alcian blue and Hale positive fibroblastic stroma were unfavorable prognostic signs.
The Composition of the Developing Deciduous Dentition in Relation to Fluoride in Tissue Fluids
Authors: Gedalia Itzhak
Published: November 2010

The fluoride, calcium, phosphorus, and citrate composition of the developing deciduous dentition seems to be reflected by the ionic composition of the tissue fluids. The fluoride difference between the sequential monthly stages of development was not appreciable, probably because of the fast rate of accretion of mineral with advancing fetal age.
Bioelectric Phenomena in Dental Decay
Authors: Parker R.B.
Published: November 2010

A new theory is presented on possible inclusion of electric forces in dental decay. The dental plaque acting as a fuel cell produces a definite measurable EMF of 15 to 500 mv. Voltages are considerably increased by carbohydrate and are the result of bacterial activity.
Bone Remodeling Dynamics Following Local X Irradiation: II
Authors: Bures M.F. , Wuehrmann A.H.
Published: November 2010

A tetracycline labeling method was used for demonstration of bone remodeling changes in mandibles after unilateral local X irradiation of the mandible and tibia. A 5-mm diameter X-ray beam was used. Direct effects of 4,500 and 9,000 R exposures of two different radiation qualities were evaluated quantitatively. An assessment of abscopal effect was also made.
The Effect of Cyanide on Oxygen Consumption in Bovine Dental Pulp
Authors: Fisher Alton K. , McKercher Theodore C.
Published: November 2010

Respiratory inhibition by cyanide was measured in bovine dental pulp slices and in bovine kidney cortex slices. Although inhibition in kidney slices was approximately 80%, inhibition in dental pulp was about 60%. The lower level of respiratory inhibition in pulp by cyanide is indicative of a lower concentration of cytochrome oxidase in this tissue. This is compatible with previously observed metabolic characteristics suggestive of a less highly developed respiratory mechanism in dental pulp.
Shear Test for Measuring Bonding in Cast Gold Alloy-Porcelain Composites
Authors: Anthony D.H. , Burnett A.P. , Smith D.L. , Brooks M.S.
Published: November 2010

A method of casting tensile rods, and a simplified method of fusing porcelain disks to the rods for measuring bond strength in a repeatable manner, are described. Bond strengths as high as 20,000 psi were recorded on oxidized rods. Both chemical depletion and a coating of gold reduced the bond.
Simplified Procedure for Measuring the Effect of Gustatory Perception on Parotid Gland Flow Rate
Authors: Shannon Ira L. , Feller Ralph P.
Published: November 2010

Parotid flow rate resulting from sipping 1.0% citric acid solution was regressed on the rate of stimulus application. A linear relationship was found between flow rate and the logarithm of the application rate. This simpler stimulation procedure may be substituted for the more variable swab method.
Ontogenesis of the Human Temporomandibular Joint: 2. Development of the Temporal Components
Authors: Baume Louis J. , Holz Jacques
Published: November 2010

The embryologically unique origin of the temporomandibular joint from two separately (in time and space) developing blastemas was further studied in relation to temporal structures. Both coronal and sagittal sections of 11 human fetuses from the 24 mm to 72 mm crown-rump ( C-R) stage showed that the glenoid blastema developed in close relationship with the primordial quadrate-meckelian joint to form the bony temporal joint components, including the capsular elements of the upper joint story. The disk developed independently of the tendon of the external pterygoid muscle as a derivative of both the condylar and the glenoid blastemas.
Determination of Growth Rates by Tetracycline Labeling in Young Guinea Pig Mandibles
Authors: Nath Soni Narendar
Published: November 2010

Tetracycline-labeled regions of undecalcified sections of the mandibles of 22 young male guinea pigs were measured with a planimeter to assess bone-forming activity. There were statistically significant age-associated differences and differential growth in various regions.
Endogenous Oxygen Consumption Rates of Bovine Alveolar Mucosa
Authors: Bergquist John J. , Fisher Alton K.
Published: November 2010

Oxygen consumption rates were determined for bovine whole alveolar mucosa, alveolar mucosal connective tissue, and alveolar mucosal epithelium. The mean oxygen quotients were 0.88, 0.39, and 2.08, respectively. Because inclusion of connective tissue in epithelial slices was unavoidable, a histometric technique for estimating the connective tissue volume for correcting the raw QO2 of the epithelium was used. Of the fibers in alveolar mucosal connective tissue, 27.7% were collagenous and 72.3% were elastic. Those of attached gingiva were completely collagenous. The QO2 0.39 for alveolar mucosal connective tissue is lower than the previously reported QO2 0.69 for attached gingival connective tissue because of the additional oxygen required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis.
Caries Due to Food Retention in Nonsusceptible Rats Fed a Noncariogenic Diet
Authors: Rovin Sheldon , Shteyer Arie , Howell Robert M. , Gordon Helmut A.
Published: November 2010

Ligation of mandibular first molars in Fischer rats resulted in extensive food retention and massive caries, although the rats were fed a high fluoride, noncariogenic diet. These experimental conditions were suggested as a model to study the relationship of food retention to caries.
In Vitro Growth and Oxygen Uptake of Fibroblasts From Cleft and Normal Palate Tissues
Authors: Chang Tsueng-Hsing , Coursin David B.
Published: November 2010

The behavior of explants and fibroblasts from human cleft palate and normal palate tissues were studied with reference to growth and respiratory activity.
Identification of Actinomyces and Related Bacteria in Dental Calculus by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Authors: Slack John M. , Landfried Sandra , Gerencser Mary Ann
Published: November 2010

Calculus specimens were examined by direct fluorescent antibody techniques and cultural procedures for the presence of gram-positive filamentous or diphtheroid bacteria. Actinomyces israelii, A viscosus, A naeslundii, Arachnia propionica, Rothia dentocariosa, Bacterionema matruchotii, and Corynebacterium acnes were observed in and cultured from the majority of specimens, with more than one species present in every specimen.
Effect of Experimental Surgery on Mandibular Growth in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Castelli W.A. , Ramirez P.C. , Burdi A.R.
Published: November 2010

Enucleation of the incisor germinal center and extraction of molars in the mandibles of young hamsters produced a significant decrease in the size of the mandibular body, loss of normal occlusion, and a shift of the mandibular body medially and cranially. Condylectomies mainly affected the length of the mandible and were closely related to loss of the articular cartilage and impairment of ramal growth.
Preliminary Histopathological Study of a New Quartz-Filled Composite Dental Restorative Material
Authors: Adams Robert J. , Lord Geoffery H.
Published: November 2010

An experimental composite dental restorative material was studied histologically by means of restorations, with and without cavity liners, in the teeth of rhesus monkeys. A commercially available composite material, with liner, was used for comparison. There was a definite, statistically significant, downward trend of pulpal response with time for all materials tested, although there was no significant difference among them. The experimental restorative appeared to produce no more pulpal response without a liner than when liners were used.
Static Stress Measurements in Amalgam
Authors: Watkins E. Charles
Published: November 2010

The feasibility of characterizing amalgam by continuous monitoring of internal stress behavior was studied.
Reflection Photoelastic Stress Analysis of a Dental Bridge
Authors: Farah J.W. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The stress distribution on the surface of a four unit gold bridge was determined by reflection photoelasticity. The highest stress concentration was at the soldered joints. The distribution of stress was a function of the support of the abutment teeth. Good support caused the bridge to function as one that was fixed at both ends, whereas poor support caused it to function as a cantilever beam.
Treatment of Pulps of Monkeys with Vancomycin and Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Gardner Donald E. , Mitchell David F. , Mcdonald Ralph E.
Published: November 2010

Surgically exposed, infected permanent teeth of monkeys were capped with four agents. Microscopic study after 30 and 90 days revealed considerable success in teeth treated with a mixture of vancomycin and calcium hydroxide, or with calcium hydroxide and methyl cellulose.
Initiation of Reflex Activity from the Temporomandibular Joint of the Cat
Authors: Shwaluk S.
Published: November 2010

Afferent nerves from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were excited naturally and electrically to study mandibular reflexes initiated from the TMJ. Vertical jaw movements were initiated by electric stimulation of the joint and branches of the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN). Jaw opening was produced in 12 of 14 cats tested by electric stimulation of the ATN or its branches, and in 3 of 5 cats tested by electric stimulation of the interior of the TMJ. Mechanical stimulation rarely produced jaw opening. Neither electric nor mechanical stimulation produced jaw closure.
Effects of Some Staining Agents on Dentin Apposition in Young Rabbits
Authors: Yen Peter K-J. , Shaw James H. , Hong Yu-Ching
Published: November 2010

Alizarin red S, trypan blue, chlortetracycline, and 45Ca were administered to young rabbits that received multiple injections of lead acetate as marker. Inhibiting effects of these agents on dentin apposition were studied. No evidence of toxicity of chlortetracycline or 45Ca was detected. Alizarin at 100 mg/kg reduced the rate of dentin apposition, and 150 mg/kg caused severe retardation. Trypan blue at 50 to 100 mglkg showed no adverse effects, but 350 mglkg arrested dentinogenesis completely.
Electron Probe Microanalysis of Cementum and Underlying Dentin in Young Permanent Teeth
Authors: Neiders M.E. , Eick J.D. , Miller W.A. , Leitner J.W.
Published: November 2010

The amount of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in human cementum and subjacent dentin of young permanent teeth was studied with the use of an electron probe microanalyzer and was correlated with morphology with the use of a scanning electron microscope. The mineral content of the cementum and the granular layer of Tomes was significantly lower than that of tubular dentin and the hypermineralized zone.
Composition of Parotid and Submandibular Saliva and Serum in Down's Syndrome
Authors: Winer Richard A. , Feller Ralph P.
Published: November 2010

Parotid saliva, submandibular saliva, and blood were collected from mongoloid and nonmongoloid populations. Salivary flow rates were determined and fluid samples were analyzed for various electrolytes. Ten samples of parotid saliva and serum were analyzed for total protein, creatinine, amylase, and uric acid. Parotid saliva of mongoloids showed some differences in composition, but serum showed only a higher level of uric acid.
Confidence Intervals for Percentage Reductions
Authors: Abrams Alan M. , McClendon B. Jerald , Horowitz Herschel S.
Published: November 2010

A method of using information from previous studies is applied to the problem of estimating treatment effectiveness of a preventive agent in terms of percentage reduction. The Bayesian statistical method allows the use of such prior information in analyzing the results of a study.
Sealing of Developmental Pits and Fissures: IV. Measurement of In Vivo Fluoride Pickup by Electron Microprobe X-Ray Spectrophotometry
Authors: Lee Henry , Ocumpaugh David E. , Shaffer John , Sheble A.M.
Published: November 2010

Analysis with an electron microprobe X-ray spectrophotometer revealed that high levels of fluoride were retained in enamel 30 or more days after in vivo application of a fluoride-releasing polyurethane adhesive coating to human teeth. Analyses of calcium and phosphorus concentrations also indicate that remineralization occurred after application of the polyurethane, despite preliminary acid etching.
Effect of Fluoride-Containing Compounds on the Skeletal Retention of 89Sr and 45Ca in the Rat
Authors: Light James M. , Stookey George K.
Published: November 2010

A series of three studies was conducted with rats to investigate the influence of various means of fluoride supplementation on radioactive strontium metabolism. The data demonstrated that shortened periods of fluoride exposure of 60 days or less did not alter radioactive strontium metabolism appreciably, but periods of fluoride exposure of four to eight months decreased the skeletal retention of radioactive strontium significantly.
Stresses Exhibited in a Hydrocolloid Under Load
Authors: Caputo Angelo A. , Collard Earl W. , Standlee Jon P.
Published: November 2010

A reversible hydrocolloid impression material that exhibits birefringent characteristics was developed. Tests were performed to establish the stress-optic characteristics of the hydrocolloid for use in photoelastic analysis. Physical characteristics are reported which are relevant to the clinician and dental researcher.
Changes in the Interradicular Periodontium of Rats Correlated with Age
Authors: Demetriou Nikitas , Bazopoulou-Kyrkanidou E. , Sotiriou Basil
Published: November 2010

Tissue changes in the interradicular periodontium of multirooted teeth as correlated with age were studied in 58 male rats. Cementum thickness in the interradicular region increased considerably, as did the periodontal membrane, with advance in age. Alveolar process height decreased. This study supported the observation that tissue changes at the interradicular region occur throughout life, and are the result of "microtraumatism" because of occlusal stress.
Bonding of Resins to Phosphoric Acid-Etched Enamel Surfaces of Permanent and Deciduous Teeth
Authors: Sheykholeslam Zideddin , Buonocore Michael G.
Published: November 2010

The existence of the "prismless" layer on deciduous enamel can prevent adhesive penetration into the enamel surface. Mechanical retention thus is reduced and could account for the greater loss of adhesive observed in clinical tests after two years from deciduous tooth surfaces compared with permanent tooth surfaces. Removal of the prism less layer results in adhesive penetration.
Aphthous Ulceration: The Antinuclear Factor
Authors: Addy M. , Dolby A.E.
Published: November 2010

The incidence of the antinuclear factor in serum of patients with Mikulicz's recurrent oral aphthae (MROA) was compared with that in control serum. The absence of any difference between the two groups suggests that MROA is not an autoimmune disease arising from a central immunologic fault, but could be a local immune response against an antigenically altered mucosa.
Surface Structure of Zinc Phosphate Dental Cements
Authors: Cartz Louis , Servais G. , Rossi F.
Published: November 2010

When zinc phosphate cement is formed enclosed between a glass plate and a tooth surface, it retains the excess moisture available at the time of setting. This causes the cement surfaces to become covered with weakly held crystals of hopeite (3 ZnO·P2 O5 · 4 H2O). Crystals of hopeite also are evident at the surfaces of a zinc phosphate cement inserted into a tooth cavity.
Role of Attrition and Occlusal Contact in the Physiology of the Rat Incisor: VI. Impeded and Unimpeded Eruption in Hypophysectomized and Magnesium-Deficient Rats
Authors: Kusner W. , Michaeli Y. , Weinreb M.M.
Published: November 2010

Eruption, attrition, and crown length were measured in impeded and unimpeded rat incisors in hypophysectomized and magnesium-deficient rats. The rate of unimpeded eruption was twice the rate of impeded eruption; this proves that the rates of eruption and attrition are determined by the amount of occlusal contact and the condition of the periodontal ligament.
Effect of Addition of CaFPO3 to a Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Base Liner on the Microhardness and Fluoride Content of Dentin
Authors: Wolf O. , Gedalia I. , Reisstein I. , Goldman J. , Stieglitz H.
Published: November 2010

Addition of fluoride to a cavity liner increased the microhardness of the underlying dentin.
Relation of Arsenic Supplements to Dental Caries and the Periodontal Syndrome in Experimental Rodents
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Dietary arsenic supplements were fed to caries-susceptible rats after the molar crowns were mineralized almost completely, during the mineralization of the crowns, or throughout and after development. No influence on caries activity was observed. Dietary supplements of arsenic to weanling rice rats tended to cause small increases in the severity of the periodontal syndrome.
Empirical Equation for Estimating the Area of a Maxillary Edentulous Jaw
Authors: Mohammed Hamdi , Johnston W.M. , O'Brien W.J.
Published: November 2010

An empirical equation to calculate the surface area of the maxillary edentulous jaw was formulated. The values obtained by use of the equation were compared with the values determined by two methods of area measurements. Regression analysis and correlation coefficient computation showed good agreement between the calculated and the experimental values.
Clinical Evaluation of a Radiopaque Composite Restorative Material After Three and a Half Years
Authors: Chandler H.H. , Bowen R.L. , Paffenbarger G.C. , Mullineaux A.L.
Published: November 2010

A clinical comparison was made of an experimental radiopaque composite restorative material and Addent 35. The radiopaque experimental formulation contained a novel ternary eutectic dimethacrylate as the resin binder and fused silica and a novel BaF2 containing glass as the reinforcing fillers. Evaluation of restorations indicate that the experimental material compared favorably with the commercial material.
Effect of Temperature on Rheological Properties of Four Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Torgalkar Anil M.
Published: November 2010

The effect of temperature on the rheological properties of four dental restorative materials was investigated at 26 to 60 C. Acoustic absorption was used to calculate loss coefficient, and resonance frequency was used to obtain Young's modulus. Young's moduli and loss coefficients of the restorative materials were temperature dependent.
Effect of Tetracycline on Norethynodrel- and Mestranol-Induced Dental Caries in Rats
Authors: Liu F.T.Y. , Lin H.S. , Alms T.H.
Published: November 2010

Weanling female rats were given subcutaneous injections of contraceptive steroids (norethynodrel and mestranol), tetracycline supplements in drinking water, or both, for seven weeks. Norethynodrel-mestranol treatment caused a significant increase in dental caries activity; this increase was prevented by intermittent supplements of tetracycline in drinking water.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Siamese Cats with Cleft Palate
Authors: Loevy Hannelore T.
Published: November 2010

Chromosomes of the bone marrow cells of three Siamese kittens with cleft palate and one normal kitten were examined. The pedigrees of all the abnormal kittens were examined and common ancestry was demonstrated. No numerical or morphologic difference in the autosomes was found in the kittens with cleft palate or the normal kittens.
Periodontal Jaw Muscle Reflexes in the Albino Rat
Authors: Funakoshi Masaya , Amano Nchiro
Published: November 2010

Pressing or tapping stimulation on the maxillary incisor activated the jaw muscles, especially the masseter muscle, in an anesthetized albino rat. Periodontal jaw muscle reflexes involved two reflex pathways passing through the mesencephalic tract nucleus and the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The mechanoreceptors in periodontal ligaments contributed to an increase in the jaw muscle activity.
Reduction of Enamel Solubility by Daily Use of a 0.4% Stannous Fluoride Gel
Authors: Feller Ralph P.
Published: November 2010

Changes in solubility and fluoride uptake by enamel were measured after daily use of a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel by an adult population. Enamel surface fluoride concentration increased as calcium and phosphorus solubility was reduced. Daily use of a 0.4% SnF2 gel provided significant enamel protection in adults.
Initial Leakage Under Pit and Fissure Sealants Assessed by Neutron Activation
Authors: Dennison J.B. , Meyer J.M. , Birnholtz S.B. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

An improved neutron activation method and a model system were used to study microleakage associated with three pit and fissure sealants. Both the sealant and the etching procedure were evaluated on enamel surfaces as well as in prepared model pits. Leakage was reduced to 3 to 4 μg for all three materials, and the etching process was relatively ineffective in forming an initial seal.
In Vivo Occlusal Forces and Moments : I. Forces Measured in Terminal Hinge Position and Associated Moments
Authors: Mansour Raouf M. , Reynik Robert J.
Published: November 2010

Microducers and modified cephalometric roentgenogram techniques were used to study maximum biting forces and moments in an adult male. The force at the second molar was approximately 10% greater than that at the first molar. At the second molar, the moment of force was approximately 15% less than its value at the first molar.
Objective Quantification Method for Measuring in Vivo Accumulated Dental Plaque
Authors: Trapp Larry D. , Noble Warden H. , Navarro Richard , Green Edward
Published: November 2010

Dental plaque was collected, dried, and weighed on a gold insert that fit into the buccal aspect of a posterior crown. The plaque weight was determined by calculating the difference between the postcollection insert weight and the precollection insert weight. This system for measurement of the dry weight of in vivo accumulated dental plaque was found to be a practical means of plaque quantification.
Surface-Chemical Studies on Chlorhexidine and Related Compounds: 1. Effects at Air-Water, n-Hexane-Water, and Hydroxyapatite-Water Interfaces
Authors: Fisher Richard G. , Quintana Ronald P. , Boulware Margaret A.
Published: November 2010

The comparative ability of chlorhexidine diacetate and structurally related compounds to generate surface pressure at air-water and n-hexane-water interfaces, and to adsorb to hydroxyapatite, was determined. The order of effectiveness generally evident was 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-n-octylbiguanide acetate >> chlorhexidine diacetate ≥ 1-(p-chlorophenyl)- 5-n-hexylbiguanide acetate > 1-(p -chlorophenyl ) -5-n-propylbiguanide acetate > p- chlorophenylbiguanide acetate ~ p-chloro-phenylguanidine acetate.
Influence of an Experimental Sodium Fluoride Dentifrice on Dental Caries Incidence in Children
Authors: Stookey George K. , Beiswanger Bradley B.
Published: November 2010

Schoolchildren residing in a fluoride-deficient area were provided either a sodium fluoride (0.1% F) or a non fluoride dentifrice for home use. About half the children provided each type of dentifrice were also given an initial prophylaxis. Combining the data with regard to the type of dentifrice indicated that the sodium fluoride dentifrice resulted in dental caries reductions of 24 and 26% as noted by the two examiners, respectively.
Role of Afferent Sensors in the Initiation of Swallowing in Man
Authors: Hollshwandner C.H. , Brenman H.S. , Friedman M.H.F.
Published: November 2010

Chewing and swallowing sounds that were recorded on magnetic tape by means of a paralaryngeally placed contact microphone were used to evaluate temporal relationships of the events of the swallowing cycle in young women. Temporal inter-event parameters indicate a reflex nature for the initiation of swallowing, and the effects of topical anesthesia suggest a triggering mechanism for swallowing similar to the gating theory for pain proposed by Melzack and Wall.
Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors on Bone Lipid Synthesis from Radioactive Bases
Authors: Dirksen Thomas R. , Schuster George S. , McKinney Ralph , Bustos Sergio E.
Published: November 2010

Iodoacetate at 10 -3 M and 10-4 M concentrations was found to strongly inhibit incorporation of both 14C-choline and 3H-inositol into phospholipids of calvaria from newborn rats; it had somewhat less effect on ethanolamine incorporation and almost no effect on serine incorporation. Similar though less dramatic results were observed with cyanide or dinitrophenol at similar concentrations.
Quantitative Studies of In Vitro Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Plaque Formation by Organic Amines
Authors: Bass G.E. , Dillingham E.O. , Powers Larry J.
Published: November 2010

The abilities of five, long-chain aliphatic monamines to inhibit the deposition of Plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans on stainless-steel wires were determined. The compounds along with their relative inhibitory potencies that were studied are N-methyltetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, N-ethyldodecylamine, and octylamine. Activities are compared with critical micelle concentrations, partition coefficients, and quantum mechanical charges on the amine nitrogens.
New Method for Comparing the Activity of Local Anesthetics Used in Dentistry
Authors: Simard-Savoie S.
Published: November 2010

A method using conscious rats was designed to determine, measure, and compare the local anesthetic property of agents used in dentistry. The technique involves a local anesthetic blockade of the mental and incisive nerves at the mental foramen and electrical stimulation proximal to the anesthetized region. This pharmacodynamic method is simple to perform and appropriate for the assessment of local anesthetics as used in clinical dentistry.
Computer Content Analysis of Applied Biological Knowledge in Dentistry
Authors: Mackenzie Richard S. , Kilpatrick Kerry E.
Published: November 2010

The classification of written task descriptions of clinical services and underlying biological information was obtained with a computer, using the Inquirer II System for content analysis. The classification done by the computer was compared to that provided by human coders in terms of time, effort, costs, reliability, and validity.
Study on the Composition of Bovine Gingival Lipids
Authors: Das S.K. , Adhikary P.K. , Bhattacharyya D.K.
Published: November 2010

Lipids in bovine gingival tissue have been characterized. Major lipids are phospholipids, cholesterol esters, glycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin are the major phospholipids. Major fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic.
Gold-Nickel Alloys in Dental Prostheses
Authors: Schulman A. , Mukherjee K. , Milillo F. , Johnson A.A.
Published: November 2010

A gold-nickel master alloy was prepared by arc melting in an inert atmosphere and from it, mechanical test specimens and dental prostheses were made by centrifugal casting. The cast alloy had a yield strength of about 7,400 kg/cm2, with an elongation of 12%. The alloy was clinically tested in the form of partial dentures and crown and bridge materials. For the 32-month period these protheses have been in use, no tissue reaction, tarnish, or corrosion had been observed.
Radioautographic Study of Mesenchymal Cell Activity in the Secondary Palate of the Rat
Authors: Cleaton-Jones P.
Published: November 2010

Fifteen μ Ci of 3H-thymidine was injected into the amniotic cavity of fetal rats from day 15 to 19 postinsemination. Analysis of radioautographs from these rats did not show increased mesenchymal cell activity to be responsible for medial rotation of the palatal shelves. Variations in cell activity in the older fetuses were mainly due to developing bone and glands.
Characterization of Cross-Linked Two-Phase Acrylic Polymers
Authors: Kusy R.P. , Lytwyn B.J. , Turner D.T.
Published: November 2010

Dental materials were made from mixtures of acrylic particles and a cross-linking monomer. The resulting two-phase polymers were characterized by quantitative microscopy. Components were analyzed by measurements of sol-gel partition, solution viscosity, and equilibrium swelling. A cross-linked network formed in the particulate phase only after slow polymerization.
Fluoride in Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Shannon I.L. , Feller R.P. , Chauncey H.H.
Published: November 2010

Fluoride (F) concentration in stimulated human parotid saliva was independent of flow rate. The F level in unstimulated saliva was significantly higher than in the stimulated secretion and increased almost tenfold after oral administration of 10 mg F. A significant increase in F level persisted even after 24 hours. Maintenance of increased levels of F in saliva for such periods could serve as a protective function for the teeth.
Relations Between Occlusal Interference and Jaw Muscle Activities in Response to Changes in Head Position
Authors: Funakoshi Masaya , Fujita Naoteru , Takehana Shoji
Published: November 2010

Electromyographic response patterns of the jaw muscles to head positions were classified as either balanced or unbalanced types. The balanced type was associated with functional normal occlusion, and the unbalanced type was associated with the occlusal interference.
Diffusion of Water in Composite Filling Materials
Authors: Braden M. , Causton E.E. , Clarke R.L.
Published: November 2010

The absorption and desorption of water by seven composite materials are diffusion processes, with the diffusion coefficient decreasing with concentration. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficients were consistent with diffusion occurring in the resin phase. Although most materials showed reversible behavior during repeated sorption-desorption cycles, one material showed irreversible breakdown.
Enamel Solubility Rate Measurements In Vivo on Naval Recruits
Authors: Lamberts B.L. , Keene H.J. , Levin S.
Published: November 2010

Enamel solubility rates were measured in vivo to depths of 1 to 2 micrometers in two samples of young men from the Great Lakes naval recruit population. No clearcut relationship could be established between enamel solubility rate and dental caries experience. Factors such as tooth morphology and tooth-surface debris affected the enamel solubility rate data.
Enhancement of the Antiplaque Value of Antibacterial Agents by Enamel Conditioning Methods: III. Animal Results
Authors: Katz Simon , Ki Chuel Park
Published: November 2010

Rat experiments demonstrate that adding a suitable antibacterial agent to a placebo dentifrice markedly reduces plaque accumulations on teeth brushed with the experimental product. When an enamel-conditioning vehicle is used instead of the placebo, the antiplaque effectiveness is increased many-fold.
Caries Experience in Deciduous and Permanent Dentition of the Same Individuals
Authors: Zadik Dan
Published: November 2010

Caries of the permanent first molars of 5-year-old children was found to be associated with caries of their deciduous teeth. The sample consisted of 220 children whose permanent first molars had erupted. They were selected out of 965 children who were a representative sample of children attending compulsory kindergartens in Jerusalem, 1971.
Standardization of Value Profiles of Dental Students and Dental Faculty
Authors: Silberman Stephen L.
Published: November 2010

This study used the Allport-Vernon, Lindzey1,2 Study of Values to establish standardized norms for dental populations, and examined the relationship among freshmen, seniors, and full-time and part-time faculty. The normative data indicate that there is a similarity in general patterns for all groups. The dental student population sampled have higher scores on aesthetic and social values than their counterparts ten years ago.
Oral Health of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Their Siblings
Authors: Jagels Arlen E. , Sweeney Edward A.
Published: November 2010

Caries prevalence, oral hygiene index, submandibular gland hypertrophy, occlusion, dental hypoplasia, and staining of permanent teeth were evaluated in 63 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were maintained on a regimen of broad-spectrum antibiotics and oral pancreatin, and the findings were compared with those of their near-aged siblings. Gland hypertrophy and dental staining were increased in patients with CF whereas caries was significantly decreased. No other significant differences were found.
Diffusion of Strontium from Desensitizing Agents into Human Dentin as Determined by Energy-Dispersive Analysis
Authors: Stazen Paul J. , Foreman Dennis W.
Published: November 2010

Strontium-containing desensitizing agents were applied to one set of tooth surfaces and were burnished onto another set of diametric surfaces. Concentration of strontium at dentin depth was determined by X-radiation dispersive analysis. Burnishing produced deeper strontium penetration. Fick's Second Law provided an estimate of relative effective time for equal strontium distributions by the two methods.
Immune Dysfunction and Dental Caries: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Cole M.F. , Arnold R.R. , Rhodes M.J. , McGhee Jerry R.
Published: November 2010

This study was undertaken in order to correlate the immune status of persons with various types of immune dysfunctions with the incidence of dental caries. Preliminary data on caries experience and the microbial composition of plaque in these individuals are presented. The findings suggest that persons with immunoglobulin dysfunctions have a greater susceptibility to dental caries and have a greater frequency of harboring S mutans than do normal persons.
The Phosphoprotein of Rabbit Incisors
Authors: Richardson William S. , Beegle William F. , Butler William T. , Munksgaard E. Christian
Published: November 2010

The phosphoprotein of continually erupting rabbit incisors was extracted from decalcified teeth and purified by gel filtration and ionexchange chromatography. Chemical characterization revealed that its composition was very similar to that of rat incisor and bovine molar phosphoproteins. The presence of similar acidic proteins in the dentin of various mammals is consistent with the suggestion that they are involved in the mineralization process.
Diurnal Variation in Epithelial Cell Population Kinetics of Young Mouse Tongue
Authors: Lin Li-Min , Goepp Robert A. , Sewell Alan F.
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a diurnal variation in the DNA synthesis pattern of epithelial basal cells in the dorsum of the mouse tongue between infancy and preadult ages. The pattern of DNA synthesis in the basal cells of mouse tongue in 24-hour periods for different age groups was studied by isotope labeling and radioautography. A strong diurnal variation was found in the pattern of DNA synthesis with the degree of variation dependent on the age of the experimental groups.
Measuring Treatment and Scale Bias Effects by Linear Regression in the Analysis of OHI-S Scores
Authors: Moore Billy J.
Published: November 2010

A linear regression model is presented for estimating unbiased treatment effects from OHI-S scores. An example is given to illustrate an analysis and to compare results of an unbiased regression estimator with those based on a biased simple difference estimator.
Enamel Surface Treated with Zinc Polyacrylate Dental Cement
Authors: Abramovich Abraham , Kaluza Jose J. , Macchi Ricardo L. , Ribas Lucia
Published: November 2010

The surface of tooth enamel that had been left in touch with the liquid or the mix of a zinc polyacrylate dentat cement was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Both treatments produced lesions on the enamel and were represented by unevenly distributed microcavities of varying extension. Topically applied SnF2 did not modify the aspect of the treated surface.
Periodontal Sensory Innervation of the Dentition of the Japanese Shrew Mole
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Osanai Kentaro
Published: November 2010

The neuro histological investigation of the periodontal sensory innervation in the whole dentition of the Japanese shrew mole showed that the periodontium is much more densely supplied by the free nerve endings at the apical region than at the intermediate one at a ratio of about 8:1 in the upper dentition and 5:1 in the lower dentition. The interdental gingival tissue is innervated by the nerve plexus formed by the nerve fibers deriving mostly from the gingival and a few periodontal nerve fibers. The neurohistology of the tooth is analogous to that of the vibrissa.
Effect of Pretreatment with Ethanol Containing Fluoride on Etched Enamel Surface as Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Optical Microscopy, and Tensile Bond Strength Measurement
Authors: Takahashi Yoshikazu , Otsuki Akira , Takeuchi Mitsuharu
Published: November 2010

The effects of pretreatment with a fluoride-containing ethanol solution on etched enamel surfaces before application of sealant were examined using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and tensile bond strength determinations. The results suggested that when etched enamel surfaces are treated with ethanol containing no more than 250 ppm fluorine in potassium fluoride, there is no interference with the bonding of the sealant to the treated, etched enamel surface.
Tonometric Measurement of Dental Pulpal and Mandibular Marrow Blood Pressures
Authors: Christiansen Richard L. , Meyer Maurice W. , Visscher Maurice B.
Published: November 2010

Dental pulpal and mandibular marrow vascular pressures were studied with a tonometric method under conditions of autoperfusion and step flow controlled perfusion. The tonometric pulpal and marrow pressures averaged 17 ± 5 mm Hg and 20 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. The venous end pressure was 16 ± 8 mm Hg at a perfusion pressure of 156 ± 28 mm Hg. The tonometric pulpal pressures were lower and were less variable than the comparable cannulation pulpal pressures.
Clinical and Materials Sciences
Authors: Stark Marvin M. , Nicholson Donald J. , Soelberg Kenneth B. , Kempler Daniel , Pelzner Roger B.
Published: November 2010

evices were used for gingival retraction prior to impression-taking procedures. The effects of these retraction methods upon blood pressure and loss of gingival tissue height were evaluated on three Rhesus monkeys. Chamfer finishing lines were prepared on all of the teeth and penetrating into the gingival sulcus. All the retraction devices were used to produce the desired amount of retraction which would allow an acceptable impression. Contralateral teeth, on which a chamfer was cut but no retraction performed were used as control teeth.

The only retraction device which had no effect on blood pressure and caused no tissue loss was the nonepinephrine retraction cord. The 8% r-epinephrine string and the two electrosurgical devices caused elevated blood pressures. With the 8% r-epinephrine retraction cord, no tissue loss was observed and complete healing occurred within nine days. Both electrosurgical devices caused tissue loss. The fully rectified current device caused a slight loss in gingival tissue height, while the spark gap generator caused a marked amount of tissue height to be lost. The Hyfrecator should not be used for gingival retraction because of the tissue damage that results. It appears that the safest retraction device is the retraction cord, when used properly. Further research is recommended to establish the possible systemic effects of the electrosurgical techniques.