bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Normal and Adventitious Lung Sound Signals Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Central Tendency Measure
Authors: Khan Sibghatullah I. , Kumar Ganjikunta Ganesh , Naishadkumar Pandya Vyomal , Rao Sarvade Pedda Subba
Published: July 2021

Diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from lung sounds is time consuming, onerous, and subjective to the expertise of pulmonologists. The preliminary diagnosis of COPD is often based on adventitious lung sounds (ALS). This paper proposes to objectively analyze the lung sound signals associated with COPD. Specifically, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a data adaptive signal decomposition technique suitable for analyzing non-stationary signals, was adopted to decompose non-stationary lung sound signals. The use of EMD on lung sound signal results in intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are symmetric and band limited. The analytic IMFs were then computed through the Hilbert transform, which reveals the instantaneous frequency content of each IMF. The Hilbert transformed signal is analytic, and has a complex representation containing real and imaginary parts. Next, the central tendency measure (CTM) was introduced to quantify the circular shape of the analytical IMF plot. The result was taken as a useful feature to distinguish normal lung sound signal with ALS. Simulation results show that the CTM of analytic IMFs has a strong ability to distinguish between normal lung sound signals and ALS.
Automatic Extraction of Color Features from Landscape Images Based on Image Processing
Authors: Tan Cong , Yang Shaoyu
Published: July 2021

The dominant color features determine the presentation effect and visual experience of landscapes. The existing studies rarely quantify the application effect of landscape colors through image colorization. Besides, it is unreasonable to analyze landscape images with multiple standard colors with a single color space. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an automatic extraction method for color features from landscape images based on image processing. Firstly, a landscape lighting model was constructed based on color constancy theories, and the quality of landscape images was improved with color constant image enhancement technology. In this way, the low-level color features were extracted from the landscape image library. Next, support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) were innovatively integrated to extract high-level color features from landscape images. The proposed method was proved effective through experiments.
Study of Some Risk Factors in Acute Exacerbation of COPD at Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kadukar Juhi R. , Sundrani Ramesh , Dugad Sushma , Kulkarni Gauri Suhas , Khandpur Jaspreet Singh , Mortale Maya
Published: July 2021

Background: Respiratory symptoms of patients usually worsen, which may be beyond normal day to day variation this is nothing but an acute event of a disease leading to further change in medication. Acute exacerbation of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined as sudden worsening of symptoms like in breathlessness, chest pain, change in quantity and colour of sputum, fever, these symptoms usually last for several days. These symptoms are aggravated by environmental pollutants, bacterial and viral infections wherein infections usually lead to 75% or more of the exacerbations but improper inhaler technique is also one of the most important factors for causing exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease. Aims and Objectives: To study the risk factors for exacerbation of COPDs. Methods: Present sample consists of 51 diagnosed COPD patients who fulfilled eligibility criteria. Study was conducted in the department of Respiratory medicine from August 2016 to December2018. Detailed history along with general and respiratory system examination was done and findings were recorded. Results: Most of the study population was present between 51 to 60 years (41.2%) of age group and rest were in 41 to 50 years (29.4%) and more than 60 years (29.4%). There was male predominance (64.7%) amongst study population as compared to females (35.3%). 82.4% of study population were taking inhaler improperly. 64.7 % of study population were exposed to outdoor pollution. 43.1% of study population are exposed to indoor pollution. Conclusion: Environmental stress are also involved in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease apart from viral and bacterial infections. Improper technique of using inhaler was also the main risk. So patients are advised proper & regular use of inhaler technique. Indoor and outdoor pollution is also main risk factor for exacerbation so avoidance of exposure to biomass fuel and outdoor pollution should be considered.
Study of Correlation between Endoscopic Assessment and Radiological Evaluation in Chronic Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Shelke Sharyu Siddharth , Kulkarni Shreeya Vinay
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Chronic nasal obstruction is one of the most common chronic diseases and affects nearly 50 million individuals every year the world over. The diagnosis of diseases associated with chronic nasal obstruction relies heavily on the clinical judgment. However the degree of accuracy in diagnosis of many reported cases with chronic nasal obstruction has exponentially increased owing to modern diagnostic methods like computed tomography of paranasal sinuses and diagnostic nasal endoscopy. The aim of the study is to implement the consistency among the findings of CT, X ray soft tissue and endoscopic findings of the PNS. This will help in a better understanding of the disease, its diagnosis and management. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. The study was conducted in all the patients coming to the department of ENT in a tertiary health care centre. Patients of any age group with a history of nasal obstruction > 3 months not resolved in spite of medications were included in the study. An informed consent was obtained from the participants. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT Scan PNS and or x-ray nasopharynx was done in 35 patients, suffering from chronic nasal obstruction. Results: A highly significant positive correlation was found between nasal endoscopic and radiological findings. Conclusion: A detail assessment of radiological and endoscopic findings is necessary for tailoring surgical plan .No single procedure can be sufficient in accurately diagnosing chronic nasal obstruction and both the preoperative CT and endoscopic examination are complementary to each other.
Drug Resistance Patterns among XDR-TB Patients visiting a TB Centre at a Tertiary Health Care Facility
Authors: Kulkarni Gauri Suhas , Telkhade Abhijit Janardhan , Dugad Sushama
Published: July 2021

Background: Resistance to MDR TB has additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and second line injectables it is defined as XDR-TB. The present study is designed to evaluate drug resistance patterns in such XDR patients. Aims and Objectives: To study drug resistance patterns in XDR-TB patients. Material and Methods: Researcher carried out a cross-sectional study over a period of two years. In this study, 43 patients were studied. The criteria used to observe was that – Newly diagnosed cases of XDR-TB patients by using the second line Drug Sensitivity Testing (DST). This method was used at an accredited RNTCP lab regardless of age and gender of the patients. Further, demographic, clinical and treatment data were analyzed in terms of drug sensitivity of the patients. Results: 48.83% of patients showed resistance with fluoroquinolone, 20.93% showed resistance with XDR with Second line injectables, 30.23% with flouroquinolones + second line injectibles. Maximum resistance was seen in Ofloxacin (81.4%) followed by kanamycin (44.2%). 41.86% patients were diabetics showing that drug resistance was more prevalent in these population. Maximum defaulters (80%) were from the lower class. Conclusion: Flouroquinolones and second-line drugs must be administered rationally and considerately to prevent the widespread drug resistance. The role played by diabetes and lower socio economic status in the emergence of drug resistance must not be undermined.
A subjetividade jurídica e o pacto heterocisnormativo
Authors: Baggenstoss Grazielly Alessandra
Published: July 2021

O Direito, como um discurso do Estado, traz em si o enviesamento do discurso liberal do projeto de humanidade formado pela modernidade, primando pela universalidade. Contudo, a configuração discursiva atual do Direito brasileiro também traz os aspectos materiais do contexto de sua origem: centrada na figura do homem, branco, burguês. Ao ocultar os aspectos materiais de sua genealogia, oculta, também, a pluriversalidade das pessoas. Assim, a partir do exame de como se forma a subjetividade jurídica, revela-se a racialização e o sistema sexo-gênero ocultado pelo discurso jurídico e entende-se como suas estruturas corroboram para a manutenção de exclusões no meio social. Para compreender tais mecanismos, a presente pesquisa, caracterizada como bibliográfica narrativa, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo-explicativo, pretende apresentar como o Direito produz o sujeito mulher a partir da subjetividade jurídica caracterizada pela heterocisnormatividade e fortalecida pelo pacto heterocisnormativo, categoria que se propõe nesta pesquisa.
“O progressista de ontem e do amanhã: desafios da democracia liberal no mundo pós-políticas identitárias”, de Mark Lilla
Authors: Romualdo Douglas Kauê
Published: July 2021

A presente resenha possui o objetivo de analisar a obra “O progressista de ontem e do amanhã: desafios da democracia liberal no mundo pós-políticas identitárias”, do Cientista Político e Jornalista Mark Lilla. A obra realiza uma análise sobre as políticas sociais e identitárias dos Estados Unidos que foram implementadas nos últimos governos por políticos liberais norte-americanos. Ademais, o autor apresenta uma visão de que os grupos minoritários estão utilizando as instituições políticas e públicas para buscar reparações de dívidas históricas. Na visão do autor, falta na sociedade a construção de valores e noções de um bem comum e social que não faça distinção entre pessoas.
FEATURES OF THE USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE DESIGN OF UAVS FOR FLIGHT IN THE STRATOSPHERE
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Onishchenko Alexander
Published: July 2021

Problems of application of neural networks during UAV design, and also questions of development of methods and algorithms of synthesis of neural network.
PHOTOBIOREACTOR FOR MICROALGAE-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Pavliukh Lesia , Shamanskyi Sergii
Published: July 2021

Purpose and Objectives of the Work. This scientific article is devoted to creation of an advanced photobioreactor design for wastewater treatment from biogenic compounds.  Research Methods are based on a systematic analysis of theoretical research, synthesis, anology and comparison. Research Results. As a result, the improved photobioreactor design was proposed, in which the application of new elements and connections reduces the required area for its placement, immobilization of microalgae in the working area and, as a result, reducing the working area, the ability to quickly replace the sleeves of the working area, covered with sediment inside, and, as a result, reduce labor costs and downtime of the photobioreactor. Discussion. The problem is solved by the fact that the photobioreactor is made in the form of a transparent flowing rectangular open-topped tank, inside of which are vertically attached to the bottom of the tank by quick-release fasteners transparent flowing flexible hoses, to which at the bottom by means of non-return valves are connected pipelines for wastewater and microalgae supply and tubes for carbon dioxide supply and are connected by means of shut-off valves pipelines for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater, and in the upper hermetic part, where there are valves for drainage of accumulated gases , while the  pipeline for the purified wastewater discharge is connected to a guide tray purified wastewater supply inside of a flowing rectangular open-topped tank, and at the outlet of the pipeline for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater is a microalgae separator to separate return and excess biomass. Conclusion. The proposed construction of photobioreactor can have good perspectives to be use in communal services for sewage water purification from biogenic compounds.
İbn Kuteybe’nin İhtilaflı Hadislere Yaklaşımı -Te’vîlü Muhtelifi’l-Hadîs Eseri Örnekliğinde-
Authors: KANARYA Bayram
Published: July 2021

Hicri üçüncü asır ve öncesine dair hadis tartışmalarını inceleyen müelliflerden birisi, 276/889 yılında vefat etmiş olan İbn Kuteybe’dir. İbn Kuteybe, Te’vîlü Muhtelifi’l-Hadîs isimli eserinde, dönemin hadise yönelik tartışmalarını ele almıştır. Bu eser, Abbasîlerin belli bir döneminde siyasi bir güç kazanan Mu’tezile’nin iktidar erkini de kullanarak Ehli Hadis’e yönelik uyguladığı sistematik baskılardan sonra kaleme alınmıştır. Eserde üzerinde durulan ve savunulan tez, “Ehli Hadis’e yönelik eleştirilere cevap vermek” şeklinde özetlenebilir. Müellif kelamcılar, Ehli Rey ve Mu’tezile gibi bazı kesimlerin hadisler arasındaki teârüzden hareketle ileri sürdükleri argümanlarının doğru olmadığını belirtmiş ve bu rivayetlerin uzlaştırılabileceğini savunmuştur. Bu çerçevede Ehli Rey, Mu’tezile, Râfızîler, Mürciîler ve Ehli Kelam’ın muhtelif gibi görünen rivayetleri değerlendirme yöntemleri tenkit edilmiştir.
Gazzâlî’nin Eleştiriye Yaklaşımı ve Mezheb İmâmlarına Yönelik Eleştiri Üslûbu
Authors: BUĞDA Sadrettin
Published: July 2021

Şerʻî delillerin büyük bir kısmının sübût ve delâlet bakımından zannî olmasının yanında fıkhî meselelerin çözümünde kıyas gibi istidlâlî yöntemlerin çokça kullanılmış olması, fıkhî mezhepler arasında ihtilaf ve eleştiri geleneğinin yerleşmesine yol açmıştır. Fıkhî mezhepler arasındaki eleştiri, mezheplerin teşekkülüyle başlayıp günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Mezhep imamları, kurucu olmaları hasebiyle kendilerine mensup fakîhlere nazaran eleştirilerden daha fazla pay almışlardır. Başta kurucu imamlar olmak üzere her müçtehid ve fakîh, yaptığı istinbât ve içtihatta doğru gördüğünü savunmuş, muhalif davrananları da eleştirmiştir. Gazzâlî (öl. 505/1111) de kimi saiklerden ötürü bazı mezhepleri ve uygulamalarını eleştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada genel anlamda Gazzâlî’nin eleştiri üslûbu özelde ise hayatının ilk dönemlerdeki mezhep imamlarına yönelik eleştiri üslubu ile daha sonraki eleştiri üslubunun keyfiyeti ele alınıp değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Baba Tâhir-i ‘Uryân’ın Eserlerinde Bireysel ve Toplumsal Eleştiri
Authors: SÖNMEZ Nesim
Published: July 2021

Baba Tâhir-i ‘Uryan kesin olmamakla birlikte 10. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile 11. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde bugünkü İran’ın Hemedan şehrinde yaşamış ve aynı yerde vefat etmiş büyük bir mutasavvıf ve şairdir. Arkasında dört eser bırakmıştır. Bunlar Dûbeytîller adında Kürtçe’nin Lori lehçesi ile yazılmış bir divan, bentlerden oluşan şiirler, el-Kelimâtu’l-Kisâr adında Arapça nesir şeklinde yazılmış ve adeta bir tasavvuf lügati şeklinde olan eseri ile gazelleridir. Baba Tâhir genel olarak eserlerinde ilahi aşk-ı ele almaktadır. Bu makalede Baba Tâhir-i ‘Uryan’ın kısaca hayatı verilip eserleri tanıtıldıktan sonra eserlerinde değindiği bireysel ve toplumsal eleştiriler hakkındaki görüşlerini irdelenecektir.
İmam Kuşeyrî’nin Hallâc-ı Mansûr’u Müdafaası
Authors: YİĞİT Mesut
Published: July 2021

Hallâc-ı Mansûr’un dile getirdiği görüşleri sebebiyle idam edilmesi, İslâm fikir dünyasında derin izler bırakmıştır. Tenkit edenler, şathiye türü sözlerinden dolayı onu hulûl ve ittihat inancına sahip bir zındık olarak görüp eleştirmişlerdir. Savunanlar ise onu Ehl-i Sünnet akidesine bağlı şehit bir sûfî olarak nitelendirmişlerdir. İmam Kuşeyrî er-Risale adlı eserinde, seksen üç sûfînin biyografisine yer vermesine rağmen Hallâc-ı Mansûr’a yer vermemiştir. Bu durum İmam Kuşeyrî’nin tasavvufu Kitap ve Sünnet kaynaklı olduğunu ispat etme çabası ve yanlış anlaşılma kaygısına bağlanılabilir. Buna rağmen er-Risale’de Hallâcı Mansûr’un görüşlerine yer vermesi bilhassa kitabın başında yer alan “tevhîd” bölümünde Yüce Allah’ın zâtını, sıfatlarını ve fiillerini tenzih eden sözlerini nakletmesi, Hallâc-ı Mansûr’un biyografisine yer vermemiş olması üzerinden ona yapılacak eleştirilere üstü kapalı bir cevap niteliğindedir. Bu araştırmada İmam Kuşeyrî’nin er-Risale’de Hallâc-ı Mansûr’dan yaptığı nakiller temel alınarak Hallâc-ı Mansûr’un münekkitlerine vermek istediği zımni cevaplar incelenecektir.
Din Eğitiminde Eleştirel Düşünme ve Öz Eleştiri
Authors: KARASU Teceli
Published: July 2021

Eleştirel düşünme, varlığı doğru anlamlandırmanın önemli bir unsurudur. Bu beceri, kişinin yaratılış amacını idrak etmesine ve dolayısıyla dünya ahiret dengesini gözeterek yaşamasına katkı sağlar. Dahası eleştirel düşünme, kişinin bilgi, duygu ve eylemlerine yönelik doğru değerlendirme yapması anlamında, öz eleştirinin de zeminini oluşturur. Günümüz Müslümanlarının bu alanda yaşadıkları problemlerin çözümüne ışık tutacak yeterli bilimsel çalışmanın olmayışı bu konunun ele alınmasının gerekçesini oluşturmuştur. Literatüre dayalı yapılan bu çalışmada eleştirel düşünme ve öz eleştiri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada İslam’ın eleştirel düşünme ve öz eleştiriye yaklaşımı tahlil edildikten sonra, günümüz din eğitiminde bu becerilerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilecek yöntem ve teknikler tartışılmıştır.
General Grekov the 8th
Authors: Venkov Andrey V.
Published: July 2021

In 2013, in the Dyachkino settlement of Tarasovsky district of the Rostov region, students and teachers of the Shakhtinsky Ya. P. Baklanov Cossack cadet corps discovered the graves of three heroes of the 1812 war, Don Cossack generals - Lieutenant General A. A. Karpov, Major General P. M. Grekov and Major General G. A. Dyachkin. Their former graves were looted and destroyed during the revolution. The crypt, discovered by the students and teachers was completely filled with broken bricks and other remains of the demolished temple, near which they were buried. The bodies found were scattered randomly, mixed with broken bricks, pieces of tombstone, and other construction debris. The process of identifying the remains has been going on for several years. When this process will be completed, the Don generals will be interred according to their status and merits. This article gives a brief biography of one of these undeservedly forgotten heroes.
Ethnicity and “Ethnic Nationsˮ in Modernist Theories of the Nation: Content and Criticism
Authors: Alaverdyan Artem L. , Maltsev Konstantin G.
Published: July 2021

The representation of a nation and an ethnos in the horizon of the requirements of “liberal metaphysicsˮ (K. Schmitt) is conditioned by a number of principles: liberal individualism presupposes the understanding of any real community as an association based on the self-determination of an autonomous individual-citizen; associations are social communities in which “naturalˮ and “naturalˮ can be admitted as a “residueˮ (V. Pa-reto), which must be removed; the individual is represented in social reality through interests, which in politics as management are rationally “harmonizedˮ on the basis of an “intersecting consensusˮ - through a compro-mise - that is, we are always talking about a political nation, whose ethnic “colorationˮ is a temporarily unre-solved trait associated with its genesis. Ethnicity - a “social groupˮ based on “cultural identityˮ - in cases of politicization leads to “perversionsˮ in nation-building (“ethnic nationsˮ) and a morally unacceptable policy of nationalism. The idea of an ethnos as a “natural phenomenonˮ is absolutely excluded in the economic par-adigm (J. Agamben) of liberal metaphysics; the article highlights the ideal type of representation of an ethnos as a “natural phenomenonˮ - the theory of ethnos by L.N. Gumilyov and demonstrates its essential incompati-bility with the rigid conceptual framework of understanding the nation in liberal modernist and post-modernist theories of nation and ethnos. It is concluded that the concept of an ethnos (and a nation) acquires completeness from the point of view of liberal imperatives in constructivist concepts, in which identity, a social group are interpreted as analytical tools and, thus, “ethnicˮ and “nationalˮ are presented “without sub-stanceˮ (“Grouping without groupsˮ) as a result of framing.
The Southern Front in the Breakthrough of the German Defense on the Mius Front in August 1943
Authors: Medvedev Maxim V.
Published: July 2021

During the Great Patriotic War, there were many decisive battles that radically changed its course and results. The liberation of the territory of the Rostov Region and Donbass by the troops of the Southern Front in August 1943 was also a turning point among the most significant. For various reasons, the breakthrough of the enemy's defense in depth on the Mius Front was underestimated at the national level. Throughout the post-war period, these events were practically considered events of regional and even local significance. Fundamental changes in the historiographic assessments of these events have taken place in the past few decades when the latest works of historians and local historians were published. The published works of researchers significantly supplemented and expanded the understanding of the history of the breakthrough of the Mius Front in the summer of 1943, which for a long time remained in the shadow of the Battle of Kursk. The final impetus in re-thinking these events was the awarding of honorary titles to settlements and borders along which the inaccessible Mius Front line ran during the war years. The public military-historical museum complex “Sambek Heightsˮ, which opened on August 30, 2020, summed up the symbolic significance of the destruction of the German defense on the Mius River in August 1943, and also gave special significance to the history of the liberation of the entire territory of the Rostov region for its preservation in the national memory.
Problems of Formation and Distribution of Income of the Population in the Foreign Scientific Schools Concepts
Authors: Adylgareev Vadim I.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the concepts of the formation and distribution of incomes of the population in the historical retrospective by foreign economic schools. The prerequisites for the emergence of such economic schools as mercantilism, physiocrats, classical political economy, economic romanticism, Marxism, marginalism, Keynesianism, institutionalism, monetarism are revealed. The article also examines the provisions of economic schools for their relevance at the present time. It is proposed to supplement the concepts of these economic schools with the conditions of their use (temporary, territorial and targeted). The author substantiates that it is impossible to create a universal theory of income due to the presence of numerous contradictions due to the state system of the country, geographical features, historical development, generally accepted traditions, the essence of the people themselves.
Suprimir os fatos e privilegiar as sensações: a emergência da criança-autora em Clarice Lispector
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: July 2021

A obra de Clarice Lispector (1920-1977) tem sido aclamada como uma das mais importantes da literatura nacional contemporânea. Em suas produções voltadas ao público infantil explora seu universo pessoal não apenas como mãe de duas crianças que lhe demandavam a criação de estórias, mas também recupera as próprias vivências infantis, quando se iniciou na arte da escrita. Em um primeiro momento, este estudo discute o surgimento da autora Clarice e o modo como essa autoria se relaciona à sua biografia, oferecendo material para a escrita ficcional. Posteriormente, exploram-se as possibilidades de empregar esses elementos no incentivo à leitura e à produção textual de jovens escritores a partir do relato de uma experiência interventiva no ensino fundamental. Como conclusão, destaca-se que as vivências infantis de Clarice foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de uma autora que, desde a tenra infância, explorou a escrita de suas sensações e experiências como forma de compreender o mundo e torná-lo inteligível. A partir do presente estudo, recomenda-se o incentivo à reflexão acerca da autoria com alunos do ensino fundamental, potencializando a assunção da criança-autora.
El liberalismo internacional y la vigencia de la democracia
Authors: Guillermo Jiménez William
Published: July 2021

La teoría política del liberalismo sintetizó en la doctrina más de cuatro siglos de práctica a través de la cual las llamadas profesiones liberales asociadas a la mentalidad burguesa -según el famoso ensayo de José Luis Romero-, habían transformado el mundo. Sin embargo, esta teoría, tan variada y vistosa como el mundo que describe, goza de una legión de admiradores solo comparable a la de sus detractores. Así, por un lado, son ampliamente reconocidos sus aportes en el desarrollo de los derechos humanos, el pensamiento crítico-científico, el desarrollo económico y la cooperación institucional, así como en la promoción de una cultura política democrática anti absolutista y una sociedad civil organizada; mientras que por el otro, se le ha hecho responsable por algunas de las crisis más serias en materia de política económica, pobreza y desigualdad promovidas por algunas de las agencias multilaterales calificadas por ello como ‘neoliberales’. Sus análisis sobre las relaciones entre libertad pública y privada o entre intervención y desregulación, por ejemplo, han contribuido asertivamente al desarrollo de la teoría política general.
La universalidad de los derechos humanos: una apuesta por la multiculturalidad de los pueblos indígenas
Authors: García Sánchez Carolina , Hernández Ospina Alejandra
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se afirma que, la “universalidad” de los derechos entra en una contradicción ontológica, frente a su figura jurídica, en tanto; de un lado, se busca que todos los pueblos accedan de manera homogénea a los mismos “derechos” y, de otro lado, se desconoce la heterogeneidad de las variedades culturales de las comunidades. Para defender dicha afirmación se toma por referente teórico los planteamientos de Foucault (1998, 1999) y Galtung (1969) sobre el ejercicio de dominación y de violencia estructural que ha surgido gracias a la globalización. Se toma por estudio al Resguardo indígena de San Lorenzo, ubicado en el municipio de Supía, departamento de Caldas en la zona Andina Colombiana. Para ello; primero, se analiza el planteamiento de la universalidad de los derechos humanos y, en especial, de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas; segundo, se analiza la noción de universalidad de los derechos teniendo por caso de análisis al Resguardo Indígena de San Lorenzo y; tercero, se concluye que pese a que la universalidad de derechos atenta directamente contra la ancestralidad de los pueblos indígenas, estos vienen desarrollando estrategias comunitarias para garantizar la pervivencia multicultural de los pueblos.
El uso de técnicas cuantitativas en la investigación del Derecho y las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Jiménez William Guillermo , Meneses Quintana Orlando
Published: July 2021

Se ha evidenciado un bajo uso de métodos y técnicas cuantitativas en investigaciones académicas de las Ciencias Sociales, con excepción de la Economía. El objetivo del capítulo es establecer cuáles son las razones que llevan esta baja aplicación y mostrar dos experiencias de uso de técnicas cuantitativas como los números índice –NI- y el análisis de contenido –AC. El método usado es cualitativo y cuantitativo a la vez, con el uso de fuentes primarias y secundarias y la aplicación de técnicas como la entrevista, la revisión documental, los NI y el AC. Se concluye que el escaso uso de las técnicas cuantitativas obedece a un desconocimiento de estas herramientas por parte de los investigadores, antes que a una desconfianza o bajo interés sobre las mismas; respecto los NI, se demostró cómo esta técnica permite asignar un solo número o dato a un conjunto de variables y permitiendo valorar y comparar en conjunto una categoría o unidad de análisis, facilitando la generalización de los resultados; por su parte, el AC permite mostrar el comportamiento de diferentes variables en el discurso oficial o político a lo largo de un periodo significativo, mostrando porcentajes de registro que señalan el grado de importancia que se les concede.
La bioprospección: indicador de los vacíos jurídicos en los conocimientos tradicionales agrícolas
Authors: Narváez Torres Natalia
Published: July 2021

En busca de un desarrollo sostenible. en equilibrio entre lo económico- ecológico- cultural, la bioprospección ha tenido gran importancia como estrategia integral para los países en desarrollo. Colombia, país megadiverso, podría ser líder en estos proyectos, pero al abordar el marco normativo que rige al país para el acceso de los recursos genéticos, el reconocimiento de los conocimientos tradicionales y el régimen de propiedad intelectual, se encuentran vacíos jurídicos que evitan el adecuado desarrollo de esta actividad, al no garantizar la división justa y equitativa de los beneficios obtenidos, la conservación de los recursos naturales y salvaguardar los conocimientos tradicionales delos grupos etnicos. Ante esta problemática, esta reflexión utilizó un enfoque metodológico deductivo, donde realizó una revisión bibliográfica y análisis normativo con el propósito de estudiar en primer la bioprospección, la normativa aplicable sobre aquel en el ordenamiento colombiano, y demostrar los vacíos jurídicos que resalta la bioprospección frente a la regulación de los conocimientos agrícolas. LO que llevo a demostrar que debido a la visión antrópica por la cual nos hemos regido la presión sobre la biodiversidad ha ocasionado impactos negativos en la naturaleza; pero desde la transición a una visión ecocéntrica se han buscado alternativas que permitan lograr un desarrollo sostenible en equilibro, como la bioprospección. Pero para alcanzar su adecuado desarrollo se determinó la necesidad que tiene Colombia de construir una política que permita rectificar la manera de sus leyes en el cambio de un derecho clásico a un derecho ambiental que comprende e integra las funciones ecológicas y sociales.
Analyzing the Development and Implementation Posibility of the Robotic Ambulance for COVID Pacients
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Automotive Engineering and Transportation at Technical University from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Băldean Doru-Laurean , Chindea Viorel ,   PhD Student, Department of Automotive Engineering and Transportation at Technical University from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: July 2021

During Covid pandemic, the automation, robotization and digitization were accelerated, but the results do not meet all expectations. Telecommunications have undeniable successes, but in other sectors the benefits of technological advancement are still missing. The "online school" and the "online procedures" of some institutions have been partially upgraded, but things have been as well in other activities which were less suitable for automation, robotization and digitization. The healthcare sector was highly stressed in the context of COVID-19 crisis, but it has not fully benefited from the advantages of the robotic vehicles. Life and death during COVID-19 crisis has affected most people, either as victims or actors in a reality that took them unprepared. Ambulances have been challenged by events which were not always managed successfully. They must respond promptly to save the lives of those who call for help. Staff in this sector are often overworked and highly stressed. The simultaneous existence of robotic ambulances that can take over some of the victims who need medical services could be both a good idea and a life-saving measure. The paper proposes implementation of existing technology for optimizing ambulance services with robotic tools and suitable for digitization. In this way, complementary solutions can be generated for increasing the quality of life, respectively for mitigating the emotional and physical stress when it comes to near death experiences. When on-site complex resuscitation and first aid maneuvers are not necessary, being required only the lifting and transportation procedures by a medical robot, the ​​use of a robotic vehicle mitigates the ambulance’s personnel from stresses. These solutions are complementary, leading to an improvement in life’s quality.
From Extinction to the Recreation of the Living World: the Creative Dimension of Fatigue in the Posthuman Project
Authors:   Ph.D. student, Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania, Spaschi Cosmin-Florentin
Published: July 2021

In this article, I will follow the posthuman vision to describe the contemporary era. As Rosi Braidotti illustrates, this moment is defined by a continuous balance between optimism and anxiety. Therefore, we are talking about a culture of fatigue that is more and more present today. On this subject, we find three fundamental forms: theory fatigue, post-work fatigue, and democracy fatigue. I will make a presentation of all these forms, proving that the current capitalist paradigm leads us to a series of crises. Whether we are talking about the health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an economic crisis, or an ecological crisis, the current situation is problematic. However, the position promoted by the posthuman project starts from these appearances and tries to develop an affirmative conception. As Braidotti illustrates, this aspect does not mean dismissing the crises in the world. On the contrary, we are talking about understanding the problematic aspects as an appeal for change. Therefore, in the model developed by Braidotti, we encounter a posthuman and post-anthropocentric turn that defines this model of thinking. Then, we observe an extension of the dimension of "us", which eliminates any forms of discrimination. Based on such premises, new disciplines are developed, illustrating the posthuman vision. Consequently, in the last part of the article, I will describe the posthuman project, to illustrate how these crises could be eliminated.
Inverted 'ᗡ' Technique without Loss of Skin Tissue Compared to Classical Open Surgery Technique in Pediatric Pilonidal Sinus Disease
Authors: KABAKLIOĞLU Murat , KAYA Murat
Published: July 2021

Aim: Although the pilonidal sinus disease is commonly treated with surgical methods, search for optimal surgical procedures and minimally invasive methods continues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inverted 'ᗡ' technique which provides a tension-free closure with minimal tissue loss, by comparing with the classical open surgery technique.
Material and Methods: Sixty-five patients, 37 (56.9%) male and 28 (43.1%) female, with a mean age of 15.85±1.82 years, admitted between January 2014 and October 2020 and underwent inverted 'ᗡ' surgery and classical midline open surgery were retrospectively evaluated.
Results: As an early postoperative complication, bleeding was observed in 2 (7.4%) patients in inverted 'ᗡ' group and 3 (11.1%) patients had wound infection. The same complications were 4 (10.5%) and 4 (10.5%) in classical group, respectively. The time to return to full activities was statistically different between two groups (10.36±0.43 versus 11.30±0.93 days, p<0.001). During the follow-up period, 1 (3.7%) recurrence in the inverted 'ᗡ' group and 9 (23.7%) recurrences in the classical group were statistically significant (p=0.037).
Conclusion: The present technique aims to remove the pathological tissue that causes sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease by the subcutaneous surgical work area under the flap created through the 'ᗡ' incision and to close it without tension, away from the midline without tissue loss. We believe that the operation involving the 'ᗡ' incision and primary suture method should be considered as the first choice in the pediatric patient group because of being a simple and effective surgical technique for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease treatment.
Remote technologies of medical and pedagogical counseling and support of patients with hearing impairment as promising direction in conditions of modern reality
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Dvoryanchikov V. V. , Zontova O. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Grebenyuk I. E. ,   Network of medical centers „MasterSlukh“,  Taganrog, 347904, Russia, Chernaya N. V. ,   Network of medical centers „MasterSlukh“,  Sochi, 354000, Russia
Published: July 2021

The goal of rehabilitation of patients with hearing loss is to increase their rehabilitation potential as a result of medical and pedagogical assistance provided to them. In modern conditions, the relevance of remote medical and pedagogical counseling and support for patients with hearing loss of all ages is increasing. At the moment, we are faced with a new reality, when the availability of number of cares has become limited or unavailable, regardless of the location of the patient. Remote support helps to continue providing medical and educational assistance to people with hearing impairments, to start aiding newly identified patients, to make a wider coverage of children and adults, to help children with complex and multiple developmental disabilities. For the implementation of remote medical and pedagogical support, various means and forms of work are used, implemented via the Internet. In this format, work for children and adults with hearing impairment and after cochlear implantation is conducted by an audiologist and a teacher of the deaf, and the patient’s family is actively involved. The advantages of remote support: greater availability, regular and comfortable patient follow-up, increased efficiency and optimization of dynamics tracking. The remote format of work is a completely new model of behavior for specialists and families of patients with hearing impairment, which requires training and consolidation of new skills for optimal remote medical and pedagogical counseling. The result of the proposed measures is to increase the rehabilitation potential of patients with hearing impairment, improve their hearing and speech skills, and integrate them into the general environment.
Fundamental and applied technologies for diagnosing impaired motor activity of ciliated epithelium of upper respiratory tract
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Zakharova G. P. , Shabalin V. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Ivanov N. I. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Ryazantseva Е. S. ,   Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia, Donskaya O. S. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
Published: July 2021

The modern development of computer and mathematical technologies makes it possible to improve the study of the movement of biological objects of extremely small sizes, including the cilia of epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. One of the directions of such research is the mathematical processing of video recordings that record the movement of the cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory tract. The methodology for conducting such studies is laborious and time-consuming. Such research is of a fundamental nature and is carried out primarily for scientific purposes. At the same time, clinical practice requires a fairly simple, objective method for diagnosing the disorder, which allows you to quickly obtain a result in inpatient and outpatient settings. The article presents the results of the development of algorithms for fundamental and applied research of the motor activity of the cilia of the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract using television microscopy and computer mathematical processing. The algorithms and integral criteria developed by the authors for an objective assessment of the motor activity of cilia make it possible to choose a research method depending on the goal. The use of an in-depth fundamental method in research work allows to reveal in detail the mechanism of impairment of motor activity of cilia beating. The use of the method of express diagnostics of cilia movements makes it possible to diagnose a violation, prescribe adequate treatment for correction and objectively evaluate its effectiveness.
Badania nad historią kobiet w Polsce XVI–XVIII wieku w latach 2011–2020. Niezmienna atrakcyjność, ale czy nowe pytania?
Authors: Kuklo Cezary
Published: July 2021

Badania nad miejscem kobiet w historii, feminizmem i gender prowadzone są w wielu krajach świata, mają obecnie szeroki zasięg i charakteryzują się już wręcz lawinowym przyrostem literatury. Na tym tle artykuł charakteryzuje dorobek badań dotyczących historii kobiet na ziemiach polskich we wczesnej dobie nowożytnej, powstały w drugim dziesięcioleciu XXI w. Autor dokonuje w nim przeglądu różnych grup wydawnictw źródłowych zarówno poświęconych kobietom, jak i przez nie wytworzonych w XVI–XVIII w. (pamiętniki, diariusze i dzienniki podróży, korespondencja, testamenty), które zawsze wpływają na intensywność badań historycznych. Z kolei przegląd monograficznych osiągnięć historiografii kobiecej ostatniego dziesięciolecia został zaprezentowany w trzech umownych, rozbudowanych, blokach tematycznych: kobiety w rodzinie i poza nią (ciało, seksualność, miłość i emocje oraz relacje wewnątrzrodzinne); ich edukacja i wiedza, praca w miastach i na wsi oraz konflikty z prawem, i jako trzeci – udział kobiet w polityce, kulturze i religii. Praca wskazuje na dalszy rozwój studiów kobiecych w sensie przyrostu liczby prac i poruszanej problematyki. Zwraca także uwagę na potrzebę stosowania nowych metod badawczych w warsztacie historyka, jak np. metody analizy sieci społecznych (Social Network Analysis – SNA), zaproponowanej przez socjologów, i z powodzeniem stosowanej już w zachodniej nauce historycznej. Autor sygnalizując niektóre luki badawcze w historii kobiet w dobie staropolskiej, których nie brakuje także dla dwóch następnych stuleci, wskazuje na pilną potrzebę napisania naukowej syntezy dziejów kobiet na ziemiach polskich.
Procesy o czary we wsi Mnichowo. Przyczynek do dziejów społecznych wsi wielkopolskiej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Wijaczka Jacek
Published: July 2021

Procesy o czary w czasach wczesnonowożytnych dotyczyły przede wszystkim mieszkańców wsi i miasteczek. W historiografii zachodniej od początku lat siedemdziesiątych XX w. procesy te badane były jako istotny element życia codziennego mieszkańców wsi. W polskiej historiografii problem ten pozostaje na marginesie badań. W artykule autor, bazując na materiale źródłowym, analizuje przebieg procesów w wielkopolskiej wsi Mnichowo w XVII w. Analiza potwierdza wpływ wiary w funkcjonowanie czarownic i czarowników na życie codzienne chłopów, w tym na relacje międzysąsiedzkie.
A Case of Schwannoma in Subfrontal Area and Nasal Cavity
Authors: Jung Nam Yoon , Heo Jae Won , Han Song-Hee , Bae Woo Yong
Published: July 2021

Schwannoma is a benign solitary neoplasm emerging from the Schwann cells of the peripheral, cranial and autonomic nerves. Approximately 25 to 45% of schwannomas occur in the head and neck region. However, schwannoma in the subfrontal area, nasal cavity or paranasal sinus is very rare and accounts for only 4% of these neoplasms. We experienced a case of schwannoma in the subfrontal area and left nasal cavity in a 74-year-old man who complained of recurrent rhinorrhea. We report this unusual case of schwannoma with a review of the literature.
​Generation Mean Analysis for Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in the Inter-varietal Cross of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Murugesan Tamilzharasi , Dharmalingam Kumaresan , Venkatesan Thiruvengadam , Jegadeesan Souframanien , Palaniappan Jayamani
Published: July 2021

Background: Blackgram is being cultivated as an indispensable pulse crop and a rich source of vitamins and minerals. Though the requirement for blackgram is high, the productivity is low. The ultimate aim of any plant breeder in a crop improvement program is to increase seed yield/ productivity. With this background, the current study was focused to investigate genetic variability/effects on important yield and its contributing traits of blackgram. Methods: The research material comprised of P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 obtained from a cross between CO 6 and LBG 17 varieties in blackgram. Observations on nine biometrical traits were recorded from all these five populations for generation mean analysis. By employing Mather and Jinks (1971) scaling test of C and D, the suitability nature of the simple additive-dominance model can be identified. Following Hayman (1958) perfect fit solution, the mean of five generations (P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3) was utilized to calculate five parameters. Result: Fitted genetic model revealed as important yield and yield contributing traits governed by dominance and epistasis in this study, it indicates the selection may be postponed to later generations with greater homozygosity.
​Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Solo Menguzotunuo , Tamuly Shantanu , Barkalita Luit Moni , Saikia Girin Kumar , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: July 2021

Background: The non-typhoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in humans that makes its way to the food chain mainly through the animal products. The multiple drug resistance imposes one of the major hurdle in the treatment of the disease. The vaccination appears to be the most important method for prevention of the disease. Unfortunately, there is no liscenced vaccine available against non-typhoidal Salmonellae. The use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Salmonella as a vaccine candidate has attained significant centre-stage in the recent years given to its protective immunogenicity. However, the large scale production of OMVs is difficult owing to low yield per liter of culture. Methods: In the present study, we have optimized the culture conditions viz. pH, phase of growth and presence of oxidative stress for maximum production of OMVs from Salmonella Typhimurium. The OMVs were characterized based on yield based on protein concentration, lipopolysaccharide concentration and zeta size. Result: In the present study, it was found that incubation of Salmonella Typhimurium up to peak of the growth phase at pH 7 in presence of oxidative stress was found to be the most suitable condition for maximum production of OMVs.