bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence and case fatality rate of Enterovirus D68 infections, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fall Amary , Kenmoe Sebastien , Ebogo-Belobo Jean Thierry , Mbaga Donatien Serge , Bowo-Ngandji Arnol , Foe-Essomba Joseph Rodrigue , Tchatchouang Serges , Amougou Atsama Marie , Yéngué Jacqueline Félicité , Kenfack-Momo Raoul , Feudjio Alfloditte Flore , Nka Alex Durand , Mbongue Mikangue Chris Andre , Taya-Fokou Jean Bosco , Magoudjou-Pekam Jeannette Nina , Noura Efietngab Atembeh , Zemnou-Tepap Cromwel , Meta-Djomsi Dowbiss , Maïdadi-Foudi Martin , Kame-Ngasse Ginette Irma , Nyebe Inès , Djukouo Larissa Gertrude , Kengne Gounmadje Landry , Tchami Ngongang Dimitri , Oyono Martin Gael , Demeni Emoh Cynthia Paola , Tazokong Hervé Raoul , Mahamat Gadji , Kengne-Ndé Cyprien , Sadeuh-Mba Serge Alain , Dia Ndongo , La Rosa Giuseppina , Ndip Lucy , Njouom Richard
Published: February 2022

A substantial amount of epidemiological data has been reported on Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections after the 2014 outbreak. Our goal was to map the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021229255) with published articles on EV-68 infections in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus up to January 2021. We determined prevalences using a model random effect. Of the 4,329 articles retrieved from the databases, 89 studies that met the inclusion criteria were from 39 different countries with apparently healthy individuals and patients with acute respiratory infections, acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The CFR estimate revealed occasional deaths (7/1353) related to EV-D68 infections in patients with severe acute respiratory infections. Analyses showed that the combined prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections was 4% (95% CI = 3.1–5.0) and 66.3% (95% CI = 40.0–88.2), respectively. The highest prevalences were in hospital outbreaks, developed countries, children under 5, after 2014, and in patients with acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The present study shows sporadic deaths linked to severe respiratory EV-D68 infections. The study also highlights a low prevalence of current EV-D68 infections as opposed to the existence of EV-D68 antibodies in almost all participants of the included studies. These findings therefore highlight the need to implement and/or strengthen continuous surveillance of EV-D68 infections in hospitals and in the community for the anticipation of the response to future epidemics.
The impact of matches and travel on rugby players’ sleep, wellness and training
Authors: Lo Michele , Aughey Robert J. , Hopkins William G. , Gill Nicholas , Stewart Andrew M.
Published: February 2022

Matches and travel, which are common in professional team sports, may have a negative impact on players. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact on sleep, wellness and training of Super Rugby players. Sleep of 122 players from four teams was monitored using activity monitors for up to three nights before and after matches played at home and overseas. Wellness and internal training load (questionnaires) and external training load (GPS/accelerometer) were also recorded. Separate analyses were performed for each team using a general linear mixed model to estimate the mean effects of travel (translocation overseas and return to the home country) on sleep, wellness and training. The mean effects of matches on sleep and wellness on the nights before, of and after matches. were also estimated. Teams generally experienced small to large reductions in sleep and wellness when overseas; on return, sleep and wellness recovered somewhat. The impact of matches on sleep and wellness differed in magnitude and direction (large reductions to small increases) between teams. External load overseas and upon return was reduced for three of the four teams, whilst internal load was reduced for the three teams that measured it. The changes in sleep, wellness and training can be explained by a combination of travel- and match-related stressors that differed between teams. Teams should consider remediation strategies to mitigate the effects of travel.
Redundancy cancellation of compressed measurements by QRS complex alignment
Authors: Nasimi Fahimeh , Khayyambashi Mohammad Reza , Movahhedinia Naser
Published: February 2022

The demand for long-term continuous care has led healthcare experts to focus on development challenges. On-chip energy consumption as a key challenge can be addressed by data reduction techniques. In this paper, the pseudo periodic nature of ElectroCardioGram(ECG) signals has been used to completely remove redundancy from frames. Compressing aligned QRS complexes by Compressed Sensing (CS), result in highly redundant measurement vectors. By removing this redundancy, a high cluster of near zero samples is gained. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is assessed using the standard MIT-BIH database. The results indicate that by aligning ECG frames, the proposed technique can achieve superior reconstruction quality compared to state-of-the-art techniques for all compression ratios. This study proves that by aligning ECG frames with a 0.05% unaligned frame rate(R-peak detection error), more compression could be gained for PRD > 5% when 5-bit non-uniform quantizer is used. Furthermore, analysis done on power consumption of the proposed technique, indicates that a very good recovery performance can be gained by only consuming 4.9μW more energy per frame compared to traditional CS.
Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings?
Authors: McGuire Kylie D. F. , Schmidt Katharina T. , Ta Priscilla , Long Jennifer J. , Yurko Matthew , Kimball Sarah
Published: February 2022

Ecological restoration frequently involves the addition of native plants, but the effectiveness (in terms of plant growth, plant survival, and cost) of using seeds versus container plants has not been studied in many plant communities. It is also not known if plant success would vary by species or based on functional traits. To answer these questions, we added several shrub species to a coastal sage scrub restoration site as seeds or as seedlings in a randomized block design. We measured percent cover, density, species richness, size, survival, and costs. Over the two years of the study, shrubs added to the site as seeds grew more and continued to have greater density than plants added from containers. Seeded plots also had greater native species richness than planted plots. However, shrubs from containers had higher survival rates, and percent cover was comparable between the planted and seeded treatments. Responses varied by species depending on functional traits, with deep-rooted evergreen species establishing better from container plants. Our cost analysis showed that it is more expensive to use container plants than seed, with most of the costs attributed to labor and supplies needed to grow plants. Our measurements of shrub density, survival, species richness, and growth in two years in our experimental plots lead us to conclude that coastal sage scrub restoration with seeds is optimal for increasing density and species richness with limited funds, yet the addition of some species from container plants may be necessary if key species are desired as part of the project objectives.
An initiative to develop capability-adjusted life years in Sweden (CALY-SWE): Selecting capabilities with a Delphi panel and developing the questionnaire
Authors: Meili Kaspar Walter , Månsdotter Anna , Sundberg Linda Richter , Hjelte Jan , Lindholm Lars
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Capability-adjusted life years Sweden (CALY-SWE) are a new Swedish questionnaire-based measure for quality of life based on the capability approach. CALY-SWE are targeted towards use in cost-effectiveness evaluations of social welfare consequences. Here, we first motivate the measure both from a theoretical and from a Swedish policy-making perspective. Then, we outline the core principles of the measure, namely the relation to the capability approach, embedded equity considerations inspired by the fair-innings approach, and the bases for which capabilities should be considered. The aims were to 1) the most vital capabilities for individuals in Sweden, 2) to define a sufficient level of each identified capability to lead a flourishing life, and to 3) develop a complete questionnaire for the measurement of the identified capabilities.

Material and methods

For the selection of capabilities, we used a Delphi process with Swedish civil society representants. To inform the questionnaire development, we conducted a web survey in three versions, with each Swedish 500 participants, to assess the distribution of capabilities that resulted from the Delphi process in the Swedish population. Each version was formulated with different strictness so that less strict wordings of a capability level would apply to a larger share of participants. All versions also included questions on inequality aversion regarding financial, educational, and health capabilities.

Results

The Delphi process resulted in the following six capabilities: Financial situation & housing, health, social relations, occupations, security, and political & civil rights. We formulated the final phrasing for the questionnaire based on normative reasons and the distribution of capabilities in the population while taking into account inequality aversion.

Conclusion

We developed a capability-based model for cost effectiveness economic evaluations of broader social consequences, specific to the Swedish context.
Several explorations on how to construct an early warning system for local government debt risk in China
Authors: Li Xing , Ge Xiangyu , Chen Cong
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to explore several ways to construct a scientific and comprehensive early warning system (EWS) for local government debt risk in China. In order to achieve this goal, this paper studies the local government debt risk from multiple perspectives, i.e., individual risk, contagion risk, static risk and dynamic risk. Firstly, taking China’s 30 provinces over the period of 2010~ 2018 as a sample, this paper establishes early warning indicators for individual risk of local government debt, and uses the network model to establish early warning indicators for contagion risk of local government debt. Then, this paper applies the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) method and coefficient of variation method to obtain the proxy variable Ⅰ, which combines the above two risks. Secondly, based on the proxy variable Ⅰ, both the Markov-switching autoregressive (MS-AR) model and coefficient of variation method are used to obtain the proxy variable Ⅱ, which comprehensively considers the individual risk, contagion risk, static risk and dynamic risk of local government debt. Finally, machine learning algorithms are adopted to generalize the EWS designed in this paper. The results show that: (1) From different perspectives of local government debt risk, the list of provinces that require early warning is different; (2) The support vector machines can well generalize our EWS.
Efficacy and safety of Yunkang oral liquid combined with conventional therapy for threatened miscarriage of first-trimester pregnancy a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Peng , Tang Liping , Yan Dongmei , li Bin , Xu Lingxia , Wang Fei
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Threatened miscarriages is a common complication of first-trimester pregnancy. Due to the beneficial effects, there are increasing clinical studies on Yunkang oral liquid(YKOL). However, the efficacy and safety of YKOL are still unknown. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of YKOL in the treatment of threatened miscarriage during the first-trimester pregnancy (TMFP).

Methods

This protocol will be prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. The systematic review will include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies published until April 2021. Electronic sources including CNKI, WF, VIP, CBM, MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science will be searched for potentially eligible studies. The international clinical trial registration platform and the Chinese clinical trial registration platform of controlled trials will be searched from their inception until April 1st, 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening literature, extraction data will be conducted by two researchers independently. Statistical analysis will use RevMan 5.3.5 software. The strength of evidence from the studies will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods.

Results

This study will provide evidence for YKOL combined with conventional therapy for TMFP.

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of YKOL combined with conventional therapy for TMFP will be assessed.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY202140105 (https://www.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0105).
Methods for the frugal labeler: Multi-class semantic segmentation on heterogeneous labels
Authors: Schutera Mark , Rettenberger Luca , Pylatiuk Christian , Reischl Markus
Published: February 2022

Deep learning increasingly accelerates biomedical research, deploying neural networks for multiple tasks, such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. However, neural networks are commonly trained supervised on large-scale, labeled datasets. These prerequisites raise issues in biomedical image recognition, as datasets are generally small-scale, challenging to obtain, expensive to label, and frequently heterogeneously labeled. Furthermore, heterogeneous labels are a challenge for supervised methods. If not all classes are labeled for an individual sample, supervised deep learning approaches can only learn on a subset of the dataset with common labels for each individual sample; consequently, biomedical image recognition engineers need to be frugal concerning their label and ground truth requirements. This paper discusses the effects of frugal labeling and proposes to train neural networks for multi-class semantic segmentation on heterogeneously labeled data based on a novel objective function. The objective function combines a class asymmetric loss with the Dice loss. The approach is demonstrated for training on the sparse ground truth of a heterogeneous labeled dataset, training within a transfer learning setting, and the use-case of merging multiple heterogeneously labeled datasets. For this purpose, a biomedical small-scale, multi-class semantic segmentation dataset is utilized. The heartSeg dataset is based on the medaka fish’s position as a cardiac model system. Automating image recognition and semantic segmentation enables high-throughput experiments and is essential for biomedical research. Our approach and analysis show competitive results in supervised training regimes and encourage frugal labeling within biomedical image recognition.
The interaction effects of automation and population aging on labor market
Authors: Phiromswad Piyachart , Srivannaboon Sabin , Sarajoti Pattarake
Published: February 2022

Automation and population aging are two major forces that will shape the nature of works in the future. However, it is not clear how these forces will interact with each other and affect the labor market. This paper examines the interaction effects of computerization and population aging on the labor market. We found that computerization and population aging have large and statistically significant effects on employment growth but not earnings growth. Also, their interaction terms are statistically significant only for employment growth but not for earnings growth.
Sex differences in pulmonary function parameters among Indigenous Australians with and without chronic airway disease
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S. , Howarth Timothy , Sorger Lisa , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: February 2022

Background

Studies assessing normative values and sex differences in pulmonary function test parameters (PFTPs) among Indigenous populations are sparse.

Methods

PFTPs were compared between male and female Indigenous Australian adults with and without chest radiologically proven chronic airway diseases (CADs).

Results

485 adults (56% were female) with no significant difference in age, body mass index or smoking status between sexes were included. Females displayed a higher prevalence of radiology without CADs compared to males (66 vs. 52%, respectively). Among patients without CADs, after adjustment for age, stature and smoking, males displayed significantly higher absolute values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (mean difference, 0.41L (0.21,0.62), p<0.001) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (mean difference 0.27L (0.07,0.47), p<0.001), with no significant difference in FEV1/FVC ratio (mean difference -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02), p = 0.174). Male and female patients with radiologically proven CADs demonstrated lower FEV1/FVC values. However, compared to females, males showed significantly greater reductions in pre- [-0.53 (-0.74, -0.32) vs. -0.29 (-0.42, -0.16), p = 0.045] and post- [-0.51 (-0.72, -0.3) vs. -0.27 (-0.39, -0.14), p = 0.049] bronchodilator FEV1.

Conclusions

There are significant sex differences in the PFTPs among Indigenous Australians. Recognising these differences may be of value in the accurate diagnosis, management, monitoring and prognostication of CADs in this population.
Health-related quality of life of younger and older lower-income households in Malaysia
Authors: Rizal Hussein , Said Mas Ayu , Abdul Majid Hazreen , Su Tin Tin , Maw Pin Tan , Ismail Rozmi , Shah Zaidi Mohd Azlan
Published: February 2022

Background

Globally, a lower income is associated with poorer health status and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, more research is needed on how being older may influence QOL in lower-income households, particularly as older age is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and care needs. To this end, the current study attempts to determine the health-related QOL (HRQOL) among individuals from lower-income households aged 60 years and over compared to lower-income adults aged less than 60 years.

Methods

Participants were identified from the Department of Statistics Malaysia sampling frame. Surveys were carried out with individual households aged 18 years and older through self-administered questionnaires. Information was collected on demographics, household income, employment status, number of diseases, and HRQOL assessed using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) tool.

Results

Out of a total of 1899 participants, 620 (32.6%) were female and 328 (17.3%) were aged 60 years and above. The mean (SD) age was 45.2 (14.1) and mean (SD) household income was RM2124 (1356). Compared with younger individuals, older respondents were more likely to experience difficulties in mobility (32.1% vs 9.7%, p<0.001), self-care (11.6% vs 3.8%, p<0.001), usual activities (24.5% vs 9.1%, p<0.001), pain/discomfort (38.8% vs 16.5%, p<0.001) and anxiety/depression (21.4% vs 13.5%, p<0.001). The mean (SD) EQ-5D index scores were lower among older respondents, 0.89 (0.16) vs 0.95 (0.13), p = 0.001. After adjusting for covariates, age was a significant influencing factor (p = 0.001) for mobility (OR = 2.038, 95% CI:1.439–2.885), usual activities (OR = 1.957, 95% CI:1.353–2.832) and pain or discomfort (OR = 2.241, 95% CI:1.690–2.972).

Conclusion

Lower-income older adults had poorer HRQOL compared to their younger counterparts. This has important implications concerning intervention strategies that incorporate active ageing concepts on an individual and policy-making level to enhance the QOL and wellbeing, particularly among the older lower-income population.
A street-view-based method to detect urban growth and decline: A case study of Midtown in Detroit, Michigan, USA
Authors: Byun Giyoung , Kim Youngchul
Published: February 2022

Urban growth and decline occur every year and show changes in urban areas. Although various approaches to detect urban changes have been developed, they mainly use large-scale satellite imagery and socioeconomic factors in urban areas, which provides an overview of urban changes. However, since people explore places and notice changes daily at the street level, it would be useful to develop a method to identify urban changes at the street level and demonstrate whether urban growth or decline occurs there. Thus, this study seeks to use street-level panoramic images from Google Street View to identify urban changes and to develop a new way to evaluate the growth and decline of an urban area. After collecting Google Street View images year by year, we trained and developed a deep-learning model of an object detection process using the open-source software TensorFlow. By scoring objects and changes detected on a street from year to year, a map of urban growth and decline was generated for Midtown in Detroit, Michigan, USA. By comparing socioeconomic changes and the situations of objects and changes in Midtown, the proposed method is shown to be helpful for analyzing urban growth and decline by using year-by-year street view images.
Evaluation of ‘learning’ as a main thrust in transferor–transferee relationships: Small satellite technology transfer collaborative projects between developed and developing countries – The case of Algeria
Authors: Ayad Ahmed , Darby Roger , Matthews Ron
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the transferor–transferee relationship in the context of technology transfer collaborative projects between developed and developing countries. The case of the Algerian satellite industry, which utilized three small satellite collaborative projects with foreign companies over twenty years in order to acquire technology from abroad, has been used as an empirical study. The study evaluates transferor–transferee relationships when small satellite collaborative projects are used as a technology transfer mechanism. It assesses whether technology transfer effectiveness or ‘learning’ is mutually understood by the two key transferor and transferee actors. It identifies a potential schism when transferor motives are often economic (business-oriented) whilst transferee motives are non-economic, aiming to learn and develop local capabilities for national developmental objectives. The study reveals that this initial non-alignment of objectives led to the adoption of a transfer mechanism where learning is not the main thrust. The principal finding extrapolated from this research is that this inadequacy is rooted in the fact that Algerians had not clearly dissociated the objective of ‘satellite technological learning’ from that of ‘satellite applications’. Recommendations for future research include the need to clearly prioritize the objective of ‘technological learning’ to avoid confusion as to the transfer mechanisms to adopt.
US foreign direct investment, technology transfer and the productivity of hydrocarbon-dependent economies: The case of Algeria
Authors: Benzaim Samia , Djermane Rebai
Published: February 2022

This article investigates the impact of US Direct Investments (foreign direct investments [FDI]) as channel of international technology transfer on total factor productivity (TFP) of Algeria from 1969 to 2019. We use export diversification distance as relative backwardness (GAP) and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) as trade concentration term. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to check for the long-run relationship. The results show that considering the sector of investment, the TFP is differently impacted. Indeed, the impact of FDI of hydrocarbon activities on TFP is negative and statistically significant. As for the out-hydrocarbons sector, the impact is positive with statistical significance. The negative impact of FDI in the scope of hydrocarbons sector can be mainly explained by the effect of industry concentration. This is supported empirically by the negative effect of RCA. We also find that large GAP has negative effect on TFP, contrasting the theory of the advantage of the relative backwardness.
Taking FANET to Next Level
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Khan Habib Ullah , Nazir Shah , Ullah Ijaz , Hussain Tariq
Published: February 2022

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a special member/class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in which the movable nodes are known as by the name of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are operated from a long remote distance in which there is no human personnel involved. It is an ad-hoc network in which the UAVs can more in 3D ways simultaneously in the air without any onboard pilot. In other words, this is a pilot free ad-hoc network also known as Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and the component introduced for such a system is known as UAV. There are many single UAV applications but using multiple UAVs system cooperating can be helpful in many ways in the field of wireless communication. Deployments of these small UAVs are quick and flexible which overcome the limitation of traditional ad hoc networks. FANETs differ from other kinds of ad hoc networks and envisioned to play an important role where infrastructure operations are not available and assigned tasks are too dull, dirty, or dangerous for humans. Moreover, setting up to bolster the range and performance of small UAV in ad hoc network lead to emergent evolution with its high stability, quick deployment, and ease-of-use for the formation of the network. Routing and task allocation are the challenging research areas of the network with ad hoc nodes. The paper overview based on the study of biological inspired routing protocols (Moth-and-Ant and Bee Ad-Hoc) routing protocols.
Da temporalidade imanente ao tempo objetivo do mundo em Husserl
Authors: Rosa Vieira Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Resumo: O texto analisa o modo como a teleologia, na concepção de Husserl, opera na subjetividade conforme a forma originária da temporalidade. Apresentamos uma breve discussão dos textos em que o tempo é descrito como estrutura interna do ser da consciência, concentrando-nos nas Vorlensungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins. O objetivo é compreender a teoria transcendental desenvolvida por Husserl para resolver os problemas relacionados à possibilidade do conhecimento no tempo, e o modo como a temporalidade do mundo é constituída teleologicamente pela consciência a partir da temporalidade imanente.
 
De la temporalité immanente au temps objectif du monde chez Husserl
Resumé: Le texte analyse comment la téléologie, dans la conception de Husserl, opère sur la subjectivité selon la forme originelle de la temporalité. Nous présentons une brève discussion des textes dans lesquels le temps est décrit comme la structure interne de l’être de conscience, en nous concentrant sur le Vorlensungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins. L’objectif est de comprendre la théorie transcendantale développée par Husserl pour résoudre les problèmes liés à la possibilité de la connaissance dans le temps, et la manière dont la temporalité du monde se constitue téléologiquement par la conscience de la temporalité immanente.
Mots-clés: Phénoménologie, Temporalité, Téléologie, Subjectivité.
Hegel: A Ideia da Filosofia como objetivo da História Mundial
Authors: Nascimento João Gabriel Haiek
Published: February 2022

Ora, visto que na filosofia hegeliana a liberdade é identificada como fim último tanto da história mundial quanto da ciência, necessita-se, pois, que se exponha a relação existente entre a ordem científico-conceitual e a histórico-contingente: uma síntese que se só mostrará plenamente concretizada na Ideia da Filosofia – e esta é a tese do presente artigo. Para tanto, elencou-se os seguintes momentos para o desenvolvimento dessa argumentação: primeiramente (1) através do surgimento fenomênico/histórico da ordem científico-conceitual; em segundo lugar (2) a assunção científico-conceitual da Natureza; em terceiro (3) o papel da história-conceituada como superação espiritual da Natureza, e por fim (4), o a Ideia da Filosofia como objetivo da história mundial.
 
Introdução: surgimento fenomênico da ordem científico-conceitual
Abstract: Thus, seeing that in Hegelian philosophy, freedom is identified as the ultimate end of both world history and science, it is necessary, therefore, to expose the existing relationship between the scientific-conceptual and the historical-contingent order: a synthesis that it will only show fully realized in the Idea of Philosophy - and this is the thesis of the present article. To this end, the development of this argumentation started from four moments: first (1) through the phenomenal / historical emergence of the scientific-conceptual order; second (2) the scientific-conceptual assumption of Nature; thirdly (3) the role of conceptualized history as a spiritual overcoming (sublate) of Nature, and finally (4), the Idea of Philosophy as the objective of world history.
Keywords: World History, Concept of Freedom, progress of Consciousness, Idea of Philosophy.
A concepção de jogo de linguagem nas Investigações Filosóficas
Authors: Souza Ferreira José Carlos
Published: February 2022

Resumo: A análise apresentada neste artigo está centrada nos seguintes aspectos da concepção wittgensteiniana de “jogo de linguagem”: a determinação do significado linguístico a partir do uso de palavras em “jogos de linguagem” específicos; os contornos imprecisos da concepção de “jogo de linguagem”; as relações entre “forma de vida” e “jogo de linguagem”. Um dos resultados desta análise sobre a analogia filosófica entre linguagem e jogo nos mostra o caráter vago ou o alcance limitado das concepções metafísicas de linguagem, como, por exemplo, a concepção de linguagem do Tractatus logico-philosophicus.
Palavras-chave: Jogo de Linguagem; Significado Linguístico; Forma de Vida.
The conception of language game in Philosophical Investigations
Abstract: The analysis presented in this article is centered on the following aspects of the wittgensteinian conception of “language game”: the determination of linguistic meaning from the use of words in specific “language games”; the imprecise contours of the “language game” conception; the relationships between “form of life” and “language game”. One of the results of this analysis on the philosophical analogy between language and game shows us the vague character or the limited scope of the metaphysical conceptions of language, such as, for example, the Tractatus logico-philosophicus’ conception of language.
Keywords: Language Game; Linguistic Meaning; Form of Life.
 
Data de registro: 25/12/2020
Data de aceite: 09/04/2021
Os transportadores de objetos espantosos: a indumentária ritualística no livro VII d’A República
Authors: De Zoppa Menezes Muryel
Published: February 2022

Resumo: Amparados pelo livro VII d’A República, e considerada a função dos artefatos na famigerada narrativa da caverna, temos por escopo delinear o estatuto da imagem na filosofia platônica. Cogitando o caráter inaugural do imagético no processo de conhecimento, aspiramos uma interface entre as técnicas de projeção de sombras e de manipulação de utensílios postuladas por Platão em 514a–515d 10, consoante às implicações epistemológicas derivadas da engenharia ilusionista noticiada pelo filósofo ateniense.
Palavras-chave: Platão; Thaumatopoioi; Imagens.
The carriers of amazing objects: the ritualistic dress in book VII of the Republic
Abstract: Supported by the book VII of the Republic, and considering the role of artifacts in the notorious narrative of the cave, we aim to outline the status of the image in Platonic philosophy. Considering the inaugural character of the imagetic in the knowledge process, we aspire to an interface between the techniques of shadow projection and manipulation of utensils postulated by Plato in 514a-515d 10, according to the epistemological implications derived from the illusionist engineering reported by the Athenian philosopher.
Keywords: Plato; Thaumatopoioi; Image.
 
Data de registro: 15/02/2021
Data de aceite: 09/04/2021
Gramsci e o fascismo: uma análise conceitual a partir dos Cadernos do Cárcere, de Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Nicodemos Carlos
Published: February 2022

Resumo: Para Gramsci, o fascismo foi a resposta ao processo revolucionário iniciado com a Revolução Bolchevique (1917), como, também, pela “crise orgânica” aberta pela I Guerra Mundial. Neste contexto, a hegemonia das classes dominantes estava fragmentada, sendo que as duas forças sociais, a burguesia e o proletariado, disputavam a direção econômico-cultural no mundo ocidental. Mas, a corrida pela hegemonia se dava de modo desigual, onde as classes dominantes possuíam inesgotáveis mecanismos para a manutenção da sua dominação; por outro lado, as classes dominadas deveriam se unificar para poderem conquistar a direção produtiva, enterrando, assim, o modo de produção capitalista em conjunto com as suas relações de classes. Portanto, nessas condições, as classes dominantes utilizaram de revoluções passivas para reforçarem a sua direção fragilizada, retomando o consenso, e desarticulando as classes subalternas em processo de sublevação social.
Palavras-chave: Fascismo; Revolução Passiva; Hegemonia; Partido Político; Crise Orgânica.
Gramsci and fascism: a conceptual analysis based on Antonio Gramsci's Prison Notebooks
Abstract: For Gramsci, fascism was the answer to the revolutionary process started with the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), as well as for the “organic crises” opened by World War I. In this context, the hegemony of the ruling classes was fragmented, with the two social forces, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, disputing the economic-cultural direction in the Western word. However, the race for hegemony was uneven, where the ruling classes had inexhaustible mechanisms for maintaining their domination; on the other hand, the dominated classes should unify in order to achieve productive hegemony, thus burying the capitalist mode of production in conjunction with their class relations. Therefore, in these conditions, the ruling classes used passive revolutions to reinforce their weakened leadership, resuming consensus, and dismantling the subordinate classes in the process of social upheaval.
Keywords: Fascism; Passive Revolution; Hegemony; Political Party; Organic Crisis.
 
Data de registro: 28/05/2021
Data de aceite: 14/08/2021
O conceito de Bildung em Hegel
Authors: Schönhofen Longoni Lucas
Published: February 2022

NICOLAU, Marcos Fábio Alexandre. O conceito de Bildung em Hegel. Sobral: SertãoCult, 2019.
 
O conceito de Bildung em Hegel - termo, segundo o autor, melhor traduzido por “formação cultural” - é uma obra de 2019 que conta com 202 páginas muito bem escritas por Marcos Fábio Alexandre Nicolau sobre um tema de importância ímpar e que possui relevância não só para a Filosofia e a história das ideias como também para a Educação, sendo fruto de uma pesquisa de doutorado na área. O trabalho é publicado pela SertãoCult, de Sobral (CE), em parceria com a Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA) e disponibilizado, para o contento do público, de forma livre em versão digital pelo site da editora, possibilitando ao falante da língua portuguesa acesso a uma investigação de alto nível sobre um tópico carecido de atenção.
A pesquisa ora resenhada é impulsionada pela pergunta: "Ainda é possível defender o ideal da Bildung hegeliana na atualidade" (p. 11)? A hipótese do autor para essa indagação é afirmativa e supõe que a proposta hegeliana é atualmente válida e se apresenta como uma possível alternativa para se pensar o melhor modo de educar o homem (o problema pedagógico). Na investigação dessa hipótese, o autor se reserva, porém, ao objetivo de descrever qual seria essa proposta hegeliana ao problema pedagógico, e se ela seria uma alternativa ainda possível (dado principalmente sua datação histórica), não tendo a pretensão de responder se ela é a melhor (p. 11).
Ainda assim, a docência...
Authors: Dos Santos Lorene , Almeida Júnior Admir Soares de , Gariglio José Ângelo
Published: February 2022

Ainda assim, a docência... Experiências formativas e reafirmação da escolha pelo magistério
Resumo: Este artigo relata os achados de uma pesquisa que buscou identificar e compreender quais experiências formativas vividas por estudantes bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) atua de forma a potencializar os processos de socialização profissional que ratificam a escolha inicial pela docência. O estudo é de caráter qualitativo e valeu-se do grupo focal como técnica de produção de dados. A pesquisa foi realizada em 16 cursos de licenciatura, de cinco Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de Minas Gerais, e revelou que a metodologia de trabalho proporcionada pelo Pibid atua de forma decisiva no processo de descoberta da profissão, em especial as experiências de ensino na sala de aula e o trabalho coletivo em comunidades de práticas.
Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Formação inicial; Licenciatura; Pibid.
 
Even so, teaching... Training experiences and reaffirmation of choice for teaching
Abstract: His article reports the findings of a research that sought to identify and understand which training experiences undergone by scholarship students from the Institutional Scholarship Program (Pibid) works in a way that enhances professional socialization processes that ratify the initial choice of teaching. The study is qualitative in nature and used the focal group as a technique for producing data. The research was carried out in 16 undergraduate courses, from five Higher Education Institutions (IES) of Minas Gerais, and revealed that the work methodology provided by Pibid plays a decisive role in the process of discovering the profession, especially teaching experiences in the classroom and collective work in communities of practice.
Keywords: Teacher training; Initial formation; Graduation; Pibid.
 
Todavía, enseñando... Experiencias formativas y reafirmación de elección por el magisterium
Resumen: Este artículo reporta los hallazgos de una investigación que buscó identificar y comprender qué experiencias formativas vividas por los becarios del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Docente (Pibid) actúan para potenciar los procesos de socialización profesional que ratifican la elección inicial de enseñando. El estudio es cualitativo y utilizó el grupo focal como técnica para la producción de datos. La investigación se realizó en 16 cursos de pregrado, de cinco Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en Minas Gerais, y reveló que la metodología de trabajo brindada por Pibid actúa de manera decisiva en el proceso de descubrimiento de la profesión, especialmente en las experiencias docentes. en el aula y trabajo colectivo en comunidades de práctica.
Palabras clave: Formación docente; Formación inicial; Graduación; Pibid.
 
Data de registro: 29/10/2020
Data de aceite: 22/09/2021
Classificação de fragilidade ambiental em bacia hidrográfica usando lógica Fuzzy e método AHP
Authors: Lira Karen Carrilho Silva , Francisco Humberto Rodrigues , Feiden Aldi
Published: February 2022

A avaliação da fragilidade ambiental em bacias hidrográficas é uma importante ferramenta para auxiliar gestores no planejamento e intervenções para produção sustentável e conservação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a lógica Fuzzy e o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) para classificação de fragilidade ambiental. Como modelo de estudo foi utilizada a bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Marreco, Toledo, Paraná, Brasil. Para classificar as áreas foi utilizado um sistema de informação geográfico (SIG) e dados de um modelo digital de elevação (MDE), bem como dados de ocupação e tipo de solo. A análise constatou que 71,3% da área da bacia tem fragilidade média. Ao comparar com outras 2 formas de atribuição de peso aos elementos do mapa de declividade, as 3 apresentaram diferença estatística, mas todas indicaram que a bacia em estudo tem fragilidade ambiental média em sua maior parte. A utilização da lógica Fuzzy permitiu aplicar uma variação de pesos contínua conforme a variação das características ambientais, podendo representar de forma eficaz a realidade e, consequentemente, apresentar resultados mais confiáveis. Este método pode ser uma ferramenta útil no planejamento adequado das atividades antrópicas e práticas econômicas para evitar processos de degradação ambiental em uma bacia hidrográfica.
Language and power dynamics: A critical policy analysis of racial and choice discourses in school integration policies
Authors: Diem Sarah , Good Madeline , Smotherson Brittany , Walters Sarah W. , Bonney Vida Nana Ama
Published: February 2022

Although school segregation has been illegal for nearly seven decades, it persists in a public education context increasingly impacted by market-based ideologies. Indeed, many present-day school integration policies are having to negotiate school choice while simultaneously trying to serve the public good. Through a critical policy analysis (CPA) of three policies in school districts with distinct histories of integration efforts, we examine these tensions by exploring how racial discourses are factors in contemporary school integration policies and how discourses of choice uphold or disrupt existing racial inequities. In our CPA, we pair Critical Discourse Analysis and interest divergence to better understand power behind and within discourse, and how discourses of race and school choice illustrate new but perhaps reminiscent shifts toward interest divergence. In doing so, we show how policies themselves cannot be disentangled from the rhetoric, power, accountability, and politics surrounding their development and implementation.
Shifting meanings: The struggle over public funding of private schools in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Winton Sue , Staples Steven
Published: February 2022

The government of Alberta, Canada, has provided public funding to eligible private schools since 1967. This policy has always been contested, and in this article, we explain how we applied concepts from argumentative discourse theory and its attendant methodology, argumentative discourse analysis (ADA), to trace the debate over the policy since 1990. Argumentative discourse theory posits that policymaking involves struggles for discursive dominance wherein actors try to convince others to view the policy issue in a particular way. Drawing on 158 media articles, interviews, and secondary sources, we show that although some of the actors in the dispute have changed – and changed sides – their arguments have remained fairly consistent. However, their arguments’ meanings – and of the policy itself – have changed as the dominant discourse in the province shifted. Specifically, in response to the rise and predominance of neoliberalism in Alberta, supporters redefined the policy to fund private schools with public money as one that promoted choice and competition that would improve schooling. Opponents, on the other hand, recast the policy as part of a larger government effort to privatize public education. We demonstrate that argumentative discourse theory and ADA can be used to support the goals of critical policy analysis.
Examining covert and explicit mechanisms of education inequity to foster just public education and authentic democracies
Authors: Wilson Camille M.
Published: February 2022

In this editorial essay, the author pinpoints key insights, implications, and cross cutting themes that emerged from this special issue. These insights shed light on the interlocking connection between inequitable public education systems and vulnerable democracies, both of which fail to uphold their charge to be inclusive and just. Special attention is given to the harm of race-avoidant, classist, and/or public-aversive discourse and policies, the coopting of equity-oriented agendas for private interests, political underrepresentation, and the multifaceted reach of global neoliberalism. All of these factors exacerbate racial and socioeconomic disparities in education and society. The author emphasizes how these and other dynamics amount to the provision of educational equity being constrained by dominant logics of fear, scarcity, and competition; the racialization and privatization of public education access; and ultimately, the operation of elitist versus truly representative democracies. She builds upon the volume’s critical policy studies to stress the urgency of countering both covert and explicitly biased educational policy mechanisms in order to improve public education and construct more authentic democratic societies.
MW-assisted hydrolysis of phosphinates in the presence of PTSA as the catalyst, and as a MW absorber
Authors: Harsági Nikoletta , Keglevich György
Published: February 2022

The hydrolysis of phosphinic esters is an important transformation that may be performed under acidic or basic conditions on conventional heating. A series of cyclic phosphinates, 1-alkoxy-3-methyl or 3,4-dimethylphospholane oxides, has now been hydrolyzed under microwave (MW) conditions in the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 equivalents of p-toluenesulfonic acid that served not only as the catalyst but also as a MW absorber. The later phenomenon was proved separately. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for the hydrolyses performed by the new approach were determined and a reactivity order was setup. The model reactions investigated were transplanted into flow MW accomplishment.
Superior photocatalytic degradation performance for gaseous toluene by 3D g-C3N4-reduced graphene oxide gels
Authors: Lu Chan , Gou Zenghui , Li Shan , Mai Zhongao , Li Xiaolong , Yang Yuhao
Published: February 2022

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major gaseous pollutants and one of the main causes of environmental problem, which can be extremely harmful to human health. Previous research has shown that photocatalytic oxidation is regarded as a promising technology to remove VOCs. However, for the time being, the photocatalytic performance in the field of removing VOCs by multiple reported photocatalysts cannot meet the demand of the practice. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of 3D gel composites with g-C3N4 (GC) and graphite oxide as precursors by a simple hydrothermal and freeze-drying method, which shows good photocatalytic degradation performance for gas toluene as model VOCs. The highest photocatalytic degradation ratio for gaseous toluene is about 86% in 180 min, which is about 3 times that of pure GC. The reason for the results is due to the strong adsorption capacity and very fast electrical conductivity of three dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This study implies that the 3D GC-RGO gels have potential usefulness for removing VOCs to meet the demand of the practice.
Stability of spouted bed during spray cold coating on the surface of carrier particles
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Linsong , Xu Qing , Tian Wei , Li Zhanyong
Published: February 2022

The rapid freezing of droplets on the surface of cold carrier particles can reduce the spray freeze-drying time. The coating freezing process can be treated in batch by using a spouted bed and the bed stability is the key. The freezing process of droplets would agglomerate the carrier particles. By analyzing the standard deviation of the bed pressure drop and the fluctuation of the bed pressure, the stable operating conditions of the spouted bed under cold coating were studied, and a dynamic adjustment method of the inlet air velocity to maintain stable spouting was proposed. The results show that the stable operating air velocity range can be described useing the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations. Before bed collapse occurs, it will experience an unstable spouting process, which causes the bed pressure to fluctuate a standard deviation of less than 15 Pa after more than 40 Pa.