bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), an invasive pest recently found in the Caribbean that threatens the region
Authors: Roda A. , Kairo M. , Damian T. , Franken F. , Heidweiller K. , Johanns C. , Mankin R.
Published: July 2011

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, an important palm pest, was accidentally introduced into the Caribbean. A monitoring programme was established to determine the population level and distribution of infestations on Aruba and Curacao through the use of commercially available pheromone traps. Due to the small size of the islands and limited distribution of palms, eradication may be feasible using a combination of trapping, timely disposal of infested palms and curative and prophylactic chemical treatments. These studies on the pest in the Caribbean were used to help design a USDA plant health emergency response through the development of Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine New Pest Response Guidelines and provide an effective emergency response programme for other Caribbean Islands and the Americas.
Microwave treatment for pest control: the case of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Phoenix canariensis
Authors: Massa R. , Caprio E. , De Santis M. , Griffo R. , Migliore M. D. , Panariello G. , Pinchera D. , Spigno P.
Published: July 2011

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) is currently one of the major threats to palms in the Mediterranean area. No single technique developed up to now seems able to completely eradicate this pest. This paper introduces microwave treatment as an effective tool to help the control of this insect; the effect of microwave radiation on palm tissues and on the curculionid is described and discussed. The main advantage of microwaves is their eco‐compatibility, and preliminary results of their application to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus control are very promising.
Recommendations for a preventive strategy to control red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Olivier) based on the use of insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Tapia G. , Ruiz M. A. , Téllez M. M.
Published: July 2011

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), has been present in Andalusia since 1993 although its major expansion began in 2005. Currently, the implementation of an action protocol against the red palm weevil based on curative and preventive treatments has a high cost. The aim of this work is to establish a minimum frequency between preventive treatments that would reduce costs. Three frequencies of application were evaluated (at 45, 60 and 90 days).The results show that preventive treatments can decrease the reproductive potential of the pest, but do not prevent the infestation of palm trees. Preventive treatments every 60 days effectively reduce costs and increase the survival of the palm trees.
Efficiency of pheromone traps for monitoring Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte
Authors: Schaub L. , Furlan L. , Tóth M. , Steinger T. , Carrasco L. R. , Toepfer S.
Published: July 2011

Mark–release–recapture trials with male western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetles were conducted to better understand capture data of pheromone traps produced in Europe during monitoring programmes. Median recapture rate in maize fields in Hungary, Italy and Switzerland was 10%. Two types of sex pheromone trap (sticky sheet and non‐sticky container traps), placed inside or outside maize fields, showed no differences in efficiency. Logit analyses of recapture data in maize showed that at distances of <1 m fewer than 20% of beetles ended up in the traps. A beetle in a 1 ha maize field would have about a 5% chance of being caught in a trap placed in the centre of the field.
Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) to DMI fungicides across Europe and impact on field performance
Authors: Stammler G. , Semar M.
Published: July 2011

Since the occurrence and spread of resistance to quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) in Mycosphaerella graminicola in the early 2000s in Europe, demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) form the backbone for control of Septoria leaf blotch. European monitoring studies, carried out by various research institutes and DMI manufacturers, have shown a shift of the European M. graminicola population towards increased ED50 values for DMI fungicides. Populations of M. graminicola consist of very heterogeneous isolates within a region, and even within a field, in terms of DMI sensitivity. Sensitivity to DMIs is influenced by the haplotype of CYP51, the target of DMIs. New CYP51‐haplotypes have emerged and the frequency of less sensitive haplotypes in Europe has increased in recent years. Studies with efflux transporter inhibitors showed that not only CYP51, but also enhanced efflux, may play a role in the DMI sensitivity response. Sensitivity studies with 5 DMIs registered for Septoria leaf blotch control indicated that sensitivity of isolates to the 5 DMIs is heterogeneous and the overall correlation of sensitivity to the different DMIs is poor. A key requirement for sustainable control and resistance management of Septoria leaf blotch is therefore the continued availability of different DMIs.
Gestion de Crassula helmsii en Belgique plus difficile qu’il n’y paraît?
Authors: Delbart E. , Monty A. , Mahy G.
Published: July 2011

La crassule des étangs (Crassula helmsii) est une plante invasive (ou exotique envahissante) qui représente un risque environnemental pour les milieux aquatiques en Belgique et, plus globalement, en Europe. Pour contrôler cette espèce, les acteurs de terrain disposent d’une littérature a priori abondante, ainsi que de plusieurs bases de données relatives à sa distribution spatiale. Néanmoins, les gestionnaires peuvent vite se sentir désarmés, d’une part par le manque de clarté sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre afin d’endiguer la propagation de l’espèce et, d’autre part, par le manque d’exhaustivité des bases de données. S’ajoute à cela une insuffisance de littérature sur les vecteurs de dissémination à travers les paysages.
Epiblema strenuana (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a new species in Israel
Authors: Yaacoby T. , Seplyarsky V.
Published: July 2011

Epiblema strenuana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an important biological control agent for invasive plants, was found to be present in Israel from 2008 on Ambrosia spp. The entrance pathway is not known, but is probably via the import of plant material (grains) from the USA.
A comparison of methods for combining maps in pest risk assessment: application to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Authors: Dupin M. , Brunel S. , Baker R. , Eyre D. , Makowski D.
Published: July 2011

Host area, potential pest impact and probability of pest presence are frequently displayed on maps by pest risk assessors. These variables can be mapped separately, but it is also important to map combinations of these variables in order to define the area of potential establishment and the endangered area to assist decision‐making processes. This paper presents different methods for combining maps, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Different methods are shown that can be used to combine maps depending on whether the individual maps were derived from continuous quantitative variables or from discrete variables. The authors suggest combining maps derived from continuous variables using simple mathematical equations in order to compute expected invaded areas and expected potential impacts. Maps derived from discrete variables (e.g. scores) can be combined using a risk matrix, but the results may be highly dependent on the chosen matrix. The practical interest of these methods is illustrated in a case study on Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. The authors recommend combining the original continuous variables when such variables are available. The combination of categories defined from continuous variables led to a loss of information and may decrease the values of the maps. Risk matrices should be used only if the individual variables are discrete and if the underlying continuous variables are not available.
A contribution to the knowledge of the Turkish aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) fauna
Authors: Görür G. , Akyildirim H. , Akyürek B. , Olcabey G.
Published: July 2011

As a result of the study carried out between 2007 and 2009 in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey, 4 genera and 17 species were determined as new records for the Turkish aphid fauna. New recorded species are Aphis arbuti, Aphis cytisorum, Aphis kachkoulii, Cavariella digitata, Chaitophorus kapuri, Chaitophorus longisetosus, Cinara pinivora, Illinoia lambersi, Myzus beybienkoi, Neobetulaphis pusilla, Phyllaphis fagifoliae, Pseudessigella brachychaeta, Schizaphis rotundiventris, Symdobious oblongus, Thecabius lysimachiae, Thelaxes californica and Tinocallis takachihoensis. With these new records, the number of genera increased to 134 and the number of the species in the Turkish aphid fauna amounted to about 480. Since Turkey has a huge range of agricultural crops and a great diversity in its natural flora, research conducted on the Turkish aphid fauna has current and future indications for plant protection.
Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Jactel Hervé , Petit Jérôme , Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure , Delzon Sylvain , Piou Dominique , Battisti Andrea , Koricheva Julia
Published: July 2011

In the context of climate change, the effects of prolonged or more severe droughts on pest and pathogen damage are a major concern for forest ecosystems. To date, there is great uncertainty about the direction, magnitude and sources of variation in responses to drought by insects and fungi. We report the outcomes of a meta‐analysis of 100 pairwise comparisons of insect pest or pathogen damage to water‐stressed and control trees from 40 publications. The type of feeding substrate for insects and fungi and the water stress severity emerged as the main factors influencing the level of damage in water‐stressed trees. Overall, primary damaging agents living in wood caused significantly lower damage to the water‐stressed trees compared with the control, whereas primary pests and pathogens living on foliage caused more damage to water‐stressed trees, in all cases irrespective of stress severity. In contrast, damage by secondary agents increased with stress severity, which was best estimated by the ratio between the predawn leaf water potential in stressed trees and the xylem pressure inducing 50% loss in hydraulic conductance due to cavitation, a species‐specific index of drought tolerance. Insect and fungus feeding behaviour, affected tree part, and water stress severity are therefore proposed as three important predictors of forest damage in drought conditions.
Time to clarify – the value of advanced practice nursing roles in health care
Authors: Lowe Grainne , Plummer Virginia , O’Brien Anthony Paul , Boyd Leanne
Published: July 2011

Lowe G., Plummer V., O’Brien A.P. & Boyd L. (2012) Time to clarify – the value of advanced practice nursing roles in health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 677–685.

Aim.  This article presents a discussion of the importance of providing meaningful advanced practice nursing role definition and clarity to improve international standards of nursing titles and scopes of practice.

Background.  A plethora of international literature exists discussing advanced practice nursing roles and their contribution to healthcare delivery in various countries. However, lack of consistency around title, role definition and scope of practice remains.

Data sources.  CINAHL and Medline databases were searched using ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘nurse practitioner role’, ‘nurse practitioner practice’, ‘nurse practitioner in public health’, ‘advanced practice nursing roles’ and ‘development of new nursing roles’ with articles limited to years 1995–2010. Citations used in those articles were also explored. All cited articles were in the English language.

Discussion.  This article supports the need to strengthen the Nurse Practitioner role in health care and professional clarity is identified as a strategy to enhance this. Themes around role clarity, professional identity, ability to enhance healthcare provision and inter‐professional issues are examined. The need to more clearly articulate advanced nursing roles in light of the evolution of the Nurse Practitioner role is highlighted. Much work has already occurred in this domain and a means of adapting and broadening these developments for a wider, more global audience whilst maintaining local context is discussed.

Conclusion.  Although evidence exists that advanced practice nursing roles are increasing internationally, uncertainty around role clarity remains. This is problematic because the valuable contribution of nursing roles is lost, if the ability to clearly express their function does not exist.
External validation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models of microemulsion and long‐chain triglyceride emulsion propofol in beagle dogs
Authors: LEE S. ‐H. , PARK H. ‐W. , KIM M. ‐J. , NOH M. ‐H. , YOON H. ‐S. , CHOI B. ‐M. , LEE E. ‐K. , NOH G. ‐J.
Published: July 2011

Lee, S.‐H., Park, H.‐W., Kim, M.‐J., Noh, M.‐H., Yoon, H.‐S., Choi, B.‐M., Lee, E.‐K., Noh, G.‐J. External validation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models of microemulsion and long‐chain triglyceride emulsion propofol in beagle dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 329–341.

This study aimed at assessing the predictive performance of a target‐controlled infusion (TCI) system, which incorporates canine PK–PD models for microemulsion and long‐chain triglyceride emulsion (LCT) propofol and at investigating time independency of propofol effect on the observed electroencephalographic approximate entropy (ApEn) in TCI. Using a crossover design with a 7‐day washout period, 28 healthy beagle dogs were randomized to receive TCI of both formulations in a stepwise or constant manner. Plasma propofol concentrations and ApEn were measured at preset intervals. Pooled biases, inaccuracies, divergences, and wobbles in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic predictions were 2.1% (95% CI: −0.8 to 4.9), 18.1% (15.6–20.5), 1.9%/h, 7.3% (5.4–9.3), and −0.5% (−2.6 to 1.6), 8.7% (7.3–10.1), 2.5%/h, 6.0% (4.1–7.2) for microemulsion propofol, and −9.3% (−11.6 to −6.9), 20.1% (18.2–22.0), 5.1%/h, 7.6% (6.1–9.1) and 5.6% (4.1–7.1), 8.0% (6.9–9.3), 4.7%/h, 4.1% (3.1–5.1) for LCT propofol. Observed ApEn values over time were statistically not different across all time points in a TCI with constant manner. Canine PK–PD model of microemulsion propofol showed good predictive performances. Propofol effect (ApEn) was time independent as long as time is allowed for equilibration.
Co‐administration of rectal BCG and autoclaved Leishmania major induce protection in susceptible BALB/c mice
Authors: SOUDI S. , HOSSEINI A. Z. , HASHEMI S. M.
Published: July 2011

We examined the protective effect of autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) vaccine in combination of either rectal or subcutaneous BCG on susceptible BALB/c mice. One month after BCG vaccination, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously twice with ALM + alum at 3 weeks intervals. Three weeks after booster injection, 5 × 105 stationary phase L. major promastigotes were inoculated subcutaneously in one footpad. Immunological evaluation at before and post infectious challenge showed strong proliferative responses in the spleen cells of the rectal immunized group after stimulating with parasite lysate. High level of interferon gamma was induced in the spleen, and significant increase in the serum ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 was observed only in rectal immunized group. Rectal immunized mice showed comparable nitric oxide production and iNOS induction in peritoneal macrophages (P ≤ 0·05). The obtained results in rectal BCG vaccinated group showed no mortality but low parasite burden in the liver and spleen. In conclusion, the results of our study indicated that co‐administration of rectal BCG and ALM induced protective type 1 immune responses against L. major infection. This safe and effective mucosal vaccine could be useful in prevention of human leishmaniasis infections.
Arabidopsis ARP endonuclease functions in a branched base excision DNA repair pathway completed by LIG1
Authors: Córdoba‐Cañero Dolores , Roldán‐Arjona Teresa , Ariza Rafael R.
Published: July 2011

Base excision repair (BER) is an essential cellular defence mechanism against DNA damage, but it is poorly understood in plants. We used an assay that monitors repair of damaged bases and abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic, AP) sites in Arabidopsis to characterize post‐excision events during plant BER. We found that Apurinic endonuclease‐redox protein (ARP) is the major AP endonuclease activity in Arabidopsis cell extracts, and is required for AP incision during uracil BER in vitro. Mutant plants that are deficient in ARP grow normally but are hypersensitive to 5‐fluorouracil, a compound that favours mis‐incorporation of uracil into DNA. We also found that, after AP incision, the choice between single‐nucleotide or long‐patch DNA synthesis (SN‐ or LP‐BER) is influenced by the 5′ end of the repair gap. When the 5′ end is blocked and not amenable to β‐elimination, the SN sub‐pathway is abrogated, and repair is accomplished through LP‐BER only. Finally, we provide evidence that Arabidopsis DNA ligase I (LIG1) is required for both SN‐ and LP‐BER. lig1 RNAi‐silenced lines show very reduced uracil BER, and anti‐LIG1 antibody abolishes repair in wild‐type cell extracts. In contrast, knockout lig4−/− mutants exhibit normal BER and nick ligation levels. Our results suggest that a branched BER pathway completed by a member of the DNA ligase I family may be an ancient feature in eukaryotic species.
Chromoblastomycosis: a clinical and molecular study of 18 cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Mouchalouat Marcelle de F. , Gutierrez Galhardo Maria Clara , Zancopé‐Oliveira Rosely Maria , Monteiro Fialho Paulo Cezar , de Oliveira Coelho Janice Mery C. , Silva Tavares Patrícia Morais , Francesconi do Valle Antonio Carlos
Published: July 2011

Background  Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi.

Methods  We described epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and treatment of 18 cases of CBM diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diagnosis was obtained by mycological, histopathological findings demonstrating typical muriform cells with confirmation of isolated by DNA sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer.

Results  The majority of patients were male (72.2%) ranging from 39 to 83 years old, farm laborers and construction workers. The duration of disease varied from four months to 32 years. The most common presentations were verrucous form in ten (55.6%) patients, followed by tumoral in three (16.7%) patients, primarily of moderate (55.6%) and severe (38.9%) intensity. Lower (44.4%) and upper limbs (33.3%) were the most affected sites. Fonsecaea pedrosoi isolated from 14 (77.8%), and Cladophialophora carrionii isolated from one case (5.6%). Fifteen patients (83.3%) were treated. Six patients (40%) received oral itraconazole 200–400 mg/day, five patients (33.3%) received oral itraconazole 200–400 mg/day combined with fluconazole 200 mg/day, and four (26.7%) patients were submitted to surgery. The duration of therapy varied from 12 to 48 months. Cure rate was 80% (12/15). No relapse was observed after two years of follow‐up.

Conclusions  Success was due to attending a center with specialized clinical care, laboratory support, and pharmaceutical care.
Botulinum toxin historical aspects: from food poisoning to pharmaceutical
Authors: Kopera Daisy
Published: July 2011

Background  In the history of medicine, unexpected coincidences indicated the development of new treatment options.

Objective  One of the most peculiar ones concerns the finding of botulinum toxin, and this should be familiar to physicians using the drug.

Methods  A survey through the history of the “fat‐poison” has been performed.

Result  A poison turned to one of the most popular drugs in aesthetic medicine.

Conclusion  Depending on the dose, a substance may be poisonous or not.
The impact of stratifying initial dose of corticosteroids by severity of pemphigus vulgaris on long‐term disease severity
Authors: Lyakhovitsky Anna , Baum Sharon , Scope Alon , Amichai Boaz , Barzilai A. , Rimer Jacob , Trau Henri
Published: July 2011

Background  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life‐threatening disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. The “epitope spreading” theory posits that uncontrolled PV can gradually worsen because of exposure of cellular antigens to the immune system. To this end, high‐dose systemic corticosteroids have been advocated as first‐line treatment for patients with PV to achieve disease control.

Objective  To determine whether the initial dose of prednisone stratified by disease severity affects long‐term disease severity.

Methods  A retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients with PV with at least five years of follow‐up from diagnosis. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the initial dose of prednisone treatment. Parameters analyzed included age, gender, disease severity at baseline and follow‐up, hospitalizations, prednisone doses and adjuvant therapy at follow‐up, and remission rate.

Results  Ten patients received initial low‐dose prednisone or were treated initially without systemic CS, 19 patients received intermediate‐dose prednisone, and 29 received high‐dose prednisone. Disease severity at presentation correlated directly with initial prednisone doses. The duration of the first hospitalization and number of hospitalization days during the five‐year follow‐up period were significantly lower in the group treated with initial low‐dose prednisone and similar for the groups treated with intermediate and high doses.

Conclusions  Disease severity of PV at presentation is a good predictor of the clinical course. Stratifying initial prednisone dose according to PV disease severity at presentation is appropriate.
Toe‐tip purpura
Authors: George Mamatha , Pakran Jaheersha , Rajan Uma , Thomas Sumi , George Sandhya
Published: July 2011

What is your diagnosis?
Greater expression of TC21/R‐ras2 in highly aggressive malignant skin cancer
Authors: Lee Jang Hyun , Pyon Jai‐Kyung , Lee Sang Han , Lee Yoon Jin , Kang Sang Gue , Kim Chul Han , Kim Dong Wook , Nam Hae Seon , Park Yoon Hyung , Jeong Dong Jun , Cho Moon Kyun
Published: July 2011

Background  TC21 plays an important role in highly aggressive tumor formation, and it was overexpressed in several human cancers, including breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and esophageal SCC. In light of this, we explored the expression of TC21 in overall skin cancers in order to evaluate the relationship between TC21 and malignant skin tumors.

Methods  We examined six normal skin tissues and 18 malignant skin tumor tissues, including six malignant melanomas (MM), six SCCs, and six basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) using western blotting for the expression of TC21. In another set, 16 specimens of MM, 16 SCC, and 16 BCC were analyzed for the expression of TC21 using immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate the amount of expression of TC21, the Raytest TINA software was used for western blotting and a histochemical score (HSCORE) was used for immunohistochemical evaluation.

Results  The western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that TC21 was expressed in all malignant skin tumors and not in normal skin tissues. The relative protein expression was an average of 0.004 in normal skin, 1.042 in MM, 0.621 in SCC, and 0.485 in BCC. In immunohistochemistry, HSCORE for normal skin was an average of 0.05, MM was 2.42, SCC was 2.11, and BCC was 1.22.

Conclusions  This article is the first study demonstrating expression of TC21 in human skin malignant tumors and suggests that TC21 is more expressed in highly aggressive skin tumors.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome in a patient with localized fibrofolliculomas and a novel mutation in the FLCN gene
Authors: Alonso‐González Julio , Rodríguez‐Pazos Laura , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia , Vega‐Gliemmo Ana , Toribio Jaime
Published: July 2011

Background  Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas (FF), multiple lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal cancer. Cutaneous lesions are usually distributed over the face, neck, and upper trunk. The presence of FF confined to a circumscribed region of the skin has rarely been reported.

Case report  A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a 20‐year history of asymptomatic skin lesions located on the neck. Multiple skin‐colored papules with a clinical plaque‐like appearance were confined to the right side of the neck. Histopathological findings were typical for FF, and BHDS was suspected. The novel heterozygous mutation p.Val126SerfsX4 was identified in exon 5 of the FLCN gene. Colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal thoracic scan revealed no associated pathologies, except for benign renal and hepatic cysts.

Discussion  To date, only two cases of localized FF in BHDS have been reported. Mutation analysis was not performed, but the authors considered the lesions to represent a localized variant of BHDS and speculated that this unusual form of the disease may be associated with a lack of visceral involvement as no signs of systemic disease were detected.

Conclusions  We identified the novel germline mutation p.Vall26SerfsX4 as responsible for this aspect of the patient’s phenotype, which suggests that alterations in the FLCN gene are also responsible for localized forms of BHDS. Moreover, the localized distribution of skin lesions may be related to a less severe form of the disease.
The incidence of leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo: implication of poor response to medical treatment
Authors: Lee Dong‐Youn , Kim Cho‐Rok , Park Ji‐Hye , Lee Joo‐Heung
Published: July 2011

Background  In vitiligo, the melanocyte of the hair follicle is one of the major sources for repigmentation. Segmental vitiligo seems to be often associated with white hairs. However, in the case of small vellus hairs, it is often difficult or impossible to detect hair color. Thus, the real incidence of leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo has not been known.

Materials and methods  In this study, we investigated the existence of white hairs in the lesional skin of 82 patients with segmental vitiligo. When it was difficult to detect hair color with the naked eye or a magnifier, a digital microscope with 30× magnification was used.

Results  Interestingly, all 82 patients showed leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo independent of age and disease duration. Some patients had more than 90% white hairs in the lesional skin, and they showed poor response to medical treatment.

Conclusions  Based on our results, a very high percentage of patients with segmental vitiligo may be associated with leukotrichia. Many white hairs in segmental vitiligo may contribute to the lack of response with medical treatment. The examination of hair color with a digital microscope may be very useful for the prediction of treatment outcome and decision of treatment modalities.
Developing healthy childhood behaviour: Outcomes of a summer camp experience
Authors: Seal Nuananong , Seal John
Published: July 2011

Seal N, Seal J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 428–434

Developing healthy childhood behaviour: Outcomes of a summer camp experience

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the short‐term effects of the Wellness Summer Camp (WSC) on changes in children's knowledge of healthy foods and healthy snacks, physical activity and eating behaviours, and self‐perception of competence in school‐age children. The WSC programme activities were developed based on age‐appropriate developmental theory, including healthy behaviour developmental skills and reinforcement for effective behaviour choices and action patterns. A total of 18 children who participated in the 10 day WSC were evaluated using a pretest–posttest evaluation design. The results revealed that at post‐intervention, children significantly improved their knowledge about healthy foods and healthy snacks. Based on paired t‐test analyses, the mean posttest scores of healthy eating behaviours and self‐perception of competence were statistically significantly higher than the mean pretest scores. The mean posttest score of physical activity also increased but not statistically significant. Introducing children to the WSC programme could help maximize their opportunities to build confidence and self‐competence to improve their knowledge of healthy foods and healthy snacks as well as motivate them to engage in healthy behaviours.
When time matters: The reality of patient care in acute care settings
Authors: Laitinen Heleena , Kaunonen Marja , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi
Published: July 2011

Laitinen H, Kaunonen M, Åstedt‐Kurki P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 388–395

When time matters: The reality of patient care in acute care settings

The purpose of the study was to investigate the reality of patient care in acute care settings when the patients' stay in the hospital was relatively short. The study was conducted by using the grounded theory method with constant comparative analysis. The sample comprised patients (n = 43) participating, relatives and hospital staff. The data were collected by participant observation, including informal interviews in natural settings, and by reviewing participating patients' electronic patient records. The main findings are presented in three categories: patients' endurance, interface and broken interface (along with several subcategories). The study showed that even with time pressures, good health care was delivered. However, it also showed some challenging issues for improvement. The study concluded that it is crucial for caregivers to focus on interactive patient care.
Individual face‐to‐face support and quality of life in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Salonen Päivi , Tarkka Marja‐Terttu , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi , Kaunonen Marja
Published: July 2011

Salonen P, Tarkka M‐T, Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen P‐L, Koivisto A‐M, Åstedt‐Kurki P, Kaunonen M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 396–410

Individual face‐to‐face support and quality of life in patients with breast cancer

Living with breast cancer significantly affects women's quality of life (QOL) creating a need for support that might persist throughout the breast cancer experience. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of individual face‐to‐face support on women's QOL and identify factors associated with their QOL. A two‐group quasi‐experimental design was used with a sample of 204 women who was assigned to the intervention (n = 112) or the control group (n = 92) in hospital after breast cancer surgery. Data of this study were collected 6 months after the surgery by structured questionnaires and analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests. Factors predicting poor QOL were investigated using logistic regression models with enter‐method. Women in the intervention group reported less arm symptoms and clinically better sexual functioning. Factors related to QOL were age, education, employment status, lymph node status, type of surgery, type of axillary surgery, received chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and ongoing therapy. Factors, predictive of poor QOL, included control group, age, education, type of surgery, type of axillary surgery, chemotherapy and ongoing therapy. Short‐term face‐to‐face education and support intervention might have decreased arm symptoms and increased sexual functioning. Women with breast cancer should be offered systematic support and education, which is tailored to women's individual needs.
Anxiety and depression levels of inpatients in the city centre of Kirşehir in Turkey
Authors: Ünsal Ayla , Ünaldi Cansu , Baytemir Çiğdem
Published: July 2011

Ünsal A, Ünaldi C, Baytemir Ç. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 411–418

Anxiety and depression levels of inpatients in the city centre of Kirşehir in Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety and depression levels of inpatients. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Kırşehir in the middle part of Turkey with a sample of 433 inpatients. As the data‐gathering tools, a questionnaire form and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis Variance analysis and Mann–Whitney U‐test. The mean HADS‐depression scores of patients were compared according to the clinics they were in, and the difference was found to be significant for HADS‐depression (P < 0.01) scores. The mean HADS‐anxiety score of participants was 9.07, and the mean HADS‐depression scores was 8.88. Among the participants in this study, 44.3% had an anxiety disorder (HADS‐anxiety score of ≥ 10) whereas the 73.7% showed depression (HADS‐depression score of ≥ 7). Results indicate that support, counselling, and routine screening for anxiety and depression should be provided to inpatients.
Safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult cancer patients: A systematic review
Authors: Lang Dora SP , Hagger Christina , Pearson Alan
Published: July 2011

Lang DSP, Hagger C, Pearson A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 357–369

Safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult cancer patients: A systematic review

The purpose of this study is to critically appraise, synthesize and present the best available evidence related to the safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Data are from published and unpublished studies from electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised by two independent reviewers for methodological validity using standardized critical appraisal instruments. Proportional meta‐analysis based on DerSimonian–Laird weights using a random effects model was used for statistical pooling through Stats Direct. Heterogeneity is assessed using Cochran Q. When statistical pooling is not possible, the findings were presented in narrative summary. Rapid rituximab infusion is safe for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients at a 90 min regimen. However, there is insufficient evidence to support rapid rituximab infusions for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients.
Registered nurses' beliefs of the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their patient teaching regarding exercise
Authors: Esposito Eileen M , Fitzpatrick Joyce J
Published: July 2011

Esposito EM, Fitzpatrick JJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 351–356

Registered nurses' beliefs of the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their patient teaching regarding exercise

Recommendations by experts have been in place for > 10 years encouraging every adult to participate in ≥ 30 min of daily moderate‐intensity physical activity. Despite extensive research supporting the value of physical activity, only about one‐third of all adults meet physical activity recommendations. Using Pender's Health Promotion Theory as the framework, this study was focused on the relationships between nurses' beliefs regarding the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their recommendation of exercise for health promotion or as part of a treatment plan. Results showed positive correlations between exercise benefits, physical activity and recommendation of exercise to patients. Nurses who believe in health promotion and embrace healthy behaviours are more likely to be positive role models and teach healthy behaviours to their patients. Recommendations for practice and future research are included.
Personality traits of Australian nurses and doctors: Challenging stereotypes?
Authors: Eley Diann S , Eley Robert M
Published: July 2011

Eley DS, Eley RM.International Journal of Nursing Practice2011;17: 380–387

Personality traits of Australian nurses and doctors: Challenging stereotypes?

This study compared temperament and character traits of Australian registered nurses and general practitioners. A cross‐sectional quantitative design used the Temperament and Character Inventory. Total sample size was 426. Only main effects were detected. Nurses were higher in the temperament traits of Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence, lower in the character traits of Self‐Directedness and Cooperativeness but higher in Self‐Transcendence compared with the sample of doctors. Differences in personality profiles between registered nurses and general practitioners might challenge existing stereotypes between these professions. Further exploration of traits exclusive to and shared among health professions would supplement a broad conceptualization of specialities and support the enhancement of appropriate training and career counselling. Awareness of one's temperament and character can lead to a clearer understanding of how they function in the workplace and might encourage reflection on and insight into the implications of their personality and career plans.
Validity and reliability of physical activity questionnaire for Japanese students
Authors: Okuda Masayuki , Yoshitake Norikazu , Tanaka Shigeho , Kunitsugu Ichiro , Tan Nobusuke , Uechi Hiroaki , Sasaki Satoshi , Hobara Tatsuya
Published: July 2011

Background:  Self‐administered questionnaires about physical activity are useful for collecting data to develop public health policies. There is currently no validated physical activity questionnaire, however, for Japanese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of self‐administered, physical activity questionnaires for Japanese students.

Methods:  Fifth‐ and eighth‐grade students were asked to complete two questionnaires that estimated the intensity and time of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activities in which they participated, and the frequency and duration spent performing sports activities. Students also wore triaxial accelerometers to compare their actual activity levels to their estimates, to investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires.

Results:  The intensity and time spent performing moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity that were estimated from the questionnaire were higher than those measured by accelerometry (9–161% of accelerometry). Questionnaire data were highly correlated with accelerometer data for eighth graders (Spearman correlation, 0.642–0.754), but the correlations were lower for fifth graders (≤0.331). Furthermore, there was higher repeatability in the data collected from eighth graders (intraclass correlation, 0.625–0.645) than from fifth graders (0.136–0.194).

Conclusions:  Questionnaires may be useful in epidemiological studies for ranking physical activity levels of adolescents, such as a confounding factor for other lifestyle surveys, but these surveys are less accurate for younger children.
A novel three‐dimensional dynamic anorectal ultrasonography technique for the assessment of perineal descent, compared with defaecography
Authors: Murad‐Regadas S. M. , dos Santos D. , Soares G. , Regadas F. S. P. , Rodrigues L. V. , Buchen G. , Kenmoti V. T. , Surimã W. S. , Fernandes G. O. da S.
Published: July 2011

Aim  The purpose of the study was to describe a novel three‐dimensional dynamic anorectal ultrasonography technique (dynamic 3‐DAUS) for assessment of perineal descent (PD) and establishment of normal range values, comparing it with defaecography. Secondarily, the study compares the ability of the two techniques to identify various pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Method  A prospective study was undertaken in 29 women (mean age 43 years) with obstructed defecation disorder. All patients underwent defaecography and dynamic 3‐DAUS and the results were compared. Lee kappa coefficients (K) were used.

Results  On defaecography, PD > 3 cm was detected in 12 patients. On dynamic 3‐DAUS, 10 of these patients had PD > 2.5 cm. Seventeen had normal PD on defaecography and PD ≤ 2.5 cm on dynamic 3‐DAUS (K 0.85). Normal relaxation was observed in 10 patients and anismus in 14 with both techniques (K 0.65). Both techniques identified five patients without rectocele, two with grade I rectocele (K 0.89 and 1.00, respectively) and 10 with grade II and nine with grade III (K 0.72 and 0.77, respectively). Rectal intussusception was identified in six patients on defaecography. These were confirmed on dynamic 3‐DAUS in addition to the identification of another seven cases indicating moderate agreement (K 0.46). Enterocele/sigmoidocele grade III was identified in one patient with both techniques, indicating substantial agreement (K 0.65).

Conclusion  Dynamic 3‐DAUS was shown to be a reliable technique for the assessment of PD and pelvic floor dysfunctions, identifying all disorders and confirming findings from defaecography.
Development of fulminant Type 1 diabetes with thrombocytopenia after influenza vaccination: a case report
Authors: Yasuda H. , Nagata M. , Moriyama H. , Kobayashi H. , Akisaki T. , Ueda H. , Hara K. , Yokono K.
Published: July 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 88–89 (2012)

Background  Fulminant Type 1 diabetes was originally reported as idiopathic Type 1 diabetes. Involvement of viral infections in the pathogenesis of fulminant T1D has been suggested, but the development of fulminant Type 1 diabetes after influenza vaccination has not been reported.

Case Report  We report a case of fulminant Type 1 diabetes with thrombocytopenia following influenza vaccination. A 54‐year‐old man was admitted to hospital with hyperglycaemia and diabetic ketosis. Seven days before admission, he received a seasonal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza infection. On admission, blood glucose was 29 mmol/L and HbA1c 40 mmol/mol (5.9%). Fasting and 2‐h C‐peptide immunoreactivity were <0.0333 nmol/L and 0.0999 nmol/L, respectively. Anti‐GAD and anti‐IA‐2 antibodies were negative, so no autoimmunity seemed to participate in the etiology. ELISPOT assay also showed no association with T cell‐mediated autoimmunity. HLA genotypes were consistent with susceptibility to fulminant Type 1 diabetes. After the abrupt onset of diabetes, he showed mild thrombocytopenia, which has been observed for approximately 5 years after diabetes development.

Conclusion  This is the first description of fulminant Type 1 diabetes after influenza vaccination. Our observation raises the possibility that influenza vaccination might trigger this condition via the TLR7 pathway.
Further Notes on Record Taking and Making in Maternity Care: The Case of South Asian Descent Women
Authors: Bowler Isobel
Published: July 2011

This paper draws on data from a small-scale ethnographic study of the delivery of maternity care to South Asian descent women in a hospital in Southern England during 1988. Stereotyped views of these women which related to their customs and culture as well as their typification as patients were commonly expressed by staff, particularly midwives. The paper examines the role of medical records and record making in stereotyping Asian women: the ways in which stereotyped views of women may affect the record making process; and how that process itself may reinforce and create stereotypes. The utility of records for ‘rate production’ purposes is also discussed. The focus of the paper is the creation of a woman's maternity records which occurs in the antenatal clinic.

The transformation of stigmatised views of a client into ‘facts’ about a client is common among bureaucrats, in this setting health service staff. This process affects the client's future encounters with the bureaucracy. In medical settings records (ie the case notes) help to create, transmit and reify negative stereotypes of health service users. These stereotypes can affect the kind of care given to individual patients.
Present Indicative Plural Concord in Brittonic and Early English1
Authors: Benskin Michael
Published: July 2011

In northern Middle English and Middle Scots, a verb in the present indicative plural ends in ‐e (later zero) if the subject is an adjacent personal pronoun; otherwise it ends in ‐s. This ‘northern subject rule’ is generally supposed to have become established in early Middle English. Its history is undocumented, but the idea that it arose from contact with Celtic has recently gained ground. The case is here reviewed, and though still far from compelling, is found better than has previously appeared. Regardless of language contact, it is shown that the system evident in the rule is independent of the suffix in ‐s, and could have arisen very early in Old English. Central to the account are the origins of the reduced inflection, and the loss at syllable boundaries of Old English h (Germanic χ).
Communication in distributed tracking systems: an ontology‐based approach to improve cooperation
Authors: Gómez‐Romero Juan , Patricio Miguel Á. , García Jesús , Molina José M.
Published: July 2011

Abstract: Current Computer Vision systems are expected to allow for the management of data acquired by physically distributed cameras. This is especially the case for modern surveillance systems, which require communication between components and a combination of their outputs in order to obtain a complete view of the scene. Information fusion techniques have been successfully applied in this area, but several problems remain unsolved. One of them is the increasing need for coordination and cooperation between independent and heterogeneous cameras. A solution to achieve an understanding between them is to use a common and well‐defined message content vocabulary. In this research work, we present a formal ontology aimed at the symbolic representation of visual data, mainly detected tracks corresponding to real‐world moving objects. Such an ontological representation provides support for spontaneous communication and component interoperability, increases system scalability and facilitates the development of high‐level fusion procedures. The ontology is used by the agents of Cooperative Surveillance Multi‐Agent System, our multi‐agent framework for multi‐camera surveillance systems.
Birth outcomes following treatment for precancerous changes to the cervix: a population‐based record linkage study
Authors: Reilly R , Paranjothy S , Beer H , Brooks CJ , Fielder HM , Lyons RA
Published: July 2011

Please cite this paper as: Reilly R, Paranjothy S, Beer H, Brooks C, Fielder H, Lyons R. Birth outcomes following treatment for precancerous changes to the cervix: a population‐based record linkage study. BJOG 2012;119:236–244.

Objective  To examine whether treatments for precancerous changes to the cervix are associated with adverse birth outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.

Design  Population‐based retrospective cohort study using electronic linkage of data from the Welsh cervical screening programme and a national routine child health database.

Setting  Wales.

Population  A total of 174 325 women aged 20–39 years who received cervical screening between April 2001 and March 2004.

Methods  Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of each birth outcome between women who had negative cervical smears and women who received either colposcopy ± punch biopsy only or colposcopy and excisional or ablative treatments, adjusted for confounding factors (e.g. age, social deprivation and smoking).

Main outcome measures  Preterm birth (before 37, 32 and 28 weeks of gestation), and low birthweight (<2500 g).

Results  Compared with women who had negative cervical smears, the odds ratio for preterm birth (<37 weeks) was significantly increased in women who had colposcopy only (adjusted odds ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.32–1.80) and single excisional treatment (adjusted odds ratio 1.77, 95% CI 1.47–2.13). Similar results were observed for preterm birth at <32 weeks of gestation. There was no increased risk of preterm birth or low birthweight for women who had treatment compared with women who had colposcopy only.

Conclusion  Women who were referred for colposcopy had an increased risk of preterm births regardless of whether or not they received treatment to the cervix. This increased risk could be the result of common risk factors for abnormal smears and preterm birth.