bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMAN BEING AS THE BEARER OF IDENTIFYING BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Authors: Кotliarenko L. , Коfanov А. , Коfаnоvа O. , Zherebak V.
Published: June 2021

In forensic practice, biological traces of a person are very often used as material evidence - blood, hair, saliva, semen, urine, sweat, as well as parts of organs and tissues. Establishing the origin of these traces from a specific person is very important for the investigation of criminal offenses.
The current level of development of molecular genetic research indicates the need to use DNA analysis in the detection and investigation of criminal offenses against a person. Today, molecular genetic identification reveal reliable prospects for solving identification problems in the criminal proceedings and developing the evidence base, and also has a number of advantages over traditional serological methods for studying human biological traces.
It should be noted that along with the traditional method of nuclear DNA research, mitochondrial DNA research is also being carried out, which allows solving the problem of molecular genetic examination to establish biological affinity. The value of this method lies in its effectiveness in the study of a small amount of degraded DNA, secretions and heavily damaged objects, the study of which is impossible by traditional methods. When performing a forensic molecular genetic examination for the full identification of the detected traces when examining the places of committed criminal offenses, comparative samples are important, as well as the selection of appropriate biological samples to establish paternity and family ties.
Molecular genetic analysis of DNA is only one of the stages of identification, and in order to arrive at the final result, a statistical analysis of the data obtained is necessary, which is especially important when the genotypes of the criminal and the suspect in mixed tracks coincide. For a probable-statistical assessment of the results of the identification significance of the set of established genetic traits, the frequencies of the distribution of the studied alleles in the population are required.
Today, the DNA analysis method has become one of the most demanded directions in the development of forensic examinations, and its results are quite reliable evidence of the involvement of a specific person in a crime. Due to its unique capabilities, molecular genetic analysis of DNA is a powerful tool in the investigation of criminal proceedings.
ARTHUR MARTYNOVYCH KANGER – ASSISTANT MANAGER OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND FORENSIC EXAMINATION CABINET AT THE PROSECUTOR OF THE ODESA COURT CHAMBER (to the 145th anniversary of his birthday and the 60th anniversary of his death)
Authors: Chysnikov V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the main stages of life and activity of Professor Artur Martinovich Kanger (1875-1960) – pharmacist, forensic chemist, criminologist and teacher. The main attention is paid to his work as an assistant to the head of the Cabinet of Scientific and Forensic Expertise under the Prosecutor of the Odesa Court Chamber. Working in this institution for eight years (1914-1922), he held the position of assistant manager of the Cabinet, and in recent years headed the Forensic Department. He has hundreds of chemical expertise, including studies of explosives, gunpowder, poisons, etc. In addition, chemical methods were used in the study of handwriting and ink research, forgery of documents made by mechanically.
In particular, during 1922, Professor A. M. Kanger and his closest assistant laboratory assistant Shettle I. H. conducted 215 chemical examinations. In most cases, chemical analysis methods were used in the research. However, in addition to this method, others were used: microscopic analysis, physical methods (for example, determination of specific gravity) and photographic methods. It is noteworthy that a significant part fell on the study of objects that were material evidence in cases of counterfeiting paper banknotes.
Along with work at the Odesa Cabinet of Scientific and Forensic Expertise, Professor A. M. Kanger was a rector of Odesa Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceuticals (1921-1922) and at the same time headed the Department of Pharmaceutical and Forensic Chemistry. At the beginning of 1923 Arthur Martynovych Kanger together with his wife and young son went to Riga. Working in scientific and educational institutions, he made a significant contribution to the formation of the state system of scientific and forensic exspertise in Latvia and contributed to the development of criminalistics in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
FEATURES OF THE SOLUTION OF TECHNICAL AND CRIMINALISTIC PROBLEMS OF THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES
Authors: Bondar V.
Published: June 2021

The article investigates the essence of the technical and forensic situation and reveals the features of solving the technical and forensic tasks of the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. Scientific approaches to the problem under study are generalized. A complex of general technical and forensic tasks of an informational nature, solved by conducting investigative (search) actions, has been formulated. The author believes that scientific provisions and practical recommendations should contain typical arguments for making intermediate and final decisions in criminal proceedings, represent a constantly updated complex of forensic algorithms and programs, from which the optimal technology of technical and forensic support of criminal proceedings will be formed. It is proposed to make them the object of constant interest of interrogators, investigators, specialists and an obligatory component of the professional competences of the subjects of the use of forensic techniques. On the basis of scientific generalization and the results of the analysis of advanced experience, typical elements of the actions of specialists in typical technical and forensic situations are identified, for their further use in the form of forensic algorithms and programs for pre-trial investigation of specific types (groups) of criminal offenses.
REHABILITATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: PROBLEMS OF THEORY, LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
Authors: Naumova A.
Published: June 2021

The problem of the right to rehabilitation and compensation to a person who was illegally and unreasonably prosecuted, illegally convicted is relevant to the science of criminal procedural law, law enforcement practice. At the same time, the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not provide rules that would contain the basic provisions of rehabilitation.
As a result of the study, the concept of physical harm is formulated as a violation of the anatomical integrity or physiological function of organs or tissues, which manifests itself in bodily injury, disease, pathological condition, disability and is a consequence of illegal and unjustified criminal prosecution, illegal restraint, detention, unlawful conviction, torture, physical, mental violence, falsification of evidence.
The definition of rehabilitation is defined as the procedure established by law for the recognition of a person’s innocence in committing a crime, restoration of his/her violated rights and freedoms. It is also defined compensation at the expense of the state in full physical, property, moral damage caused to a person by illegal and unjustified criminal prosecution, illegal conviction, and unjust trial on the application of coercive measures of a medical or educational nature.
A comparative analysis of the legal regulation of rehabilitation in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the CIS countries shows that the national legislation of most states provides a mechanism for effective protection of the individual from illegal and unjustified criminal prosecution, illegal conviction. To improve the current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine, we proposed to supplement the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine with the chapter “Rehabilitation”. In the provisions of this chapter, there is a need to set out the concept of rehabilitation, conditions and procedural grounds for recognizing the human right to rehabilitation; subjects of rehabilitation legal relations; grounds for partial rehabilitation in preliminary and judicial proceedings. In addition, the chapter should contain the procedural order of rehabilitation in a situation of forced self-incrimination, falsification of evidence; the procedure for restoring the violated rights and freedoms of the rehabilitated person. As well as the concept of physical harm and the procedure for its compensation; determination of property, moral damage caused to the rehabilitated; legal mechanism for compensation of property damage; elimination of the consequences of moral damage to the rehabilitated and its compensation.
GROUNDS AND TERMS FOR NOTIFICATION OF A PERSON ON SUSPICION OF COMMITTING A CRIMINAL OFFENSE
Authors: Khablo O.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the grounds and terms of notification of a person on suspicion of committing a criminal offense.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the procedural act of reporting a suspicion consists of a system of such procedural decisions and actions: decision-making and legal registration of a report of suspicion; delivery of a written notice of suspicion; informing the suspect about his/her procedural rights and explaining them, if necessary.
It is stated that actual ground for informing a person of a suspicion is availability of sufficient evidence for suspecting a person of a criminal violation. To create a suspicion and present it in a written form an investigator or a prosecutor has to state: an event of a criminal violation and define its legal characterization; a definite person’s guilt of commitment of a criminal violation; lack of grounds to close the criminal investigation.
To inform a person of a suspicion it is necessary to have a system of actual, acceptable, reliable and sufficient proof that indicates the presence of corpus delicti in a definite person’s actions. Erroneous informing of a suspicion causes damage to the person who was a subject to criminal investigation as well as justice in general.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the term “reasonable suspicion” is a conventional standard made up by case-law dealing of European court of human rights. It is stated that reasonable suspicion is a lower standard of proof than conviction beyond reasonable doubt and requires a smaller weight of evidence than drawing up a bill of indictment or approval of guilty verdict.
It is stated that law of criminal procedure does not contain a definite requirement concerning a stage of pre-trial investigation at which the person has to be informed about the suspicion to help the instigator or the prosecutor concentrate on facts of the case. Attention is drawn to inadmissibility of informing a person of the suspicion directly before issuing an accusation to the defense.
PLANNING A CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATION USING AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Nedilko Ya.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the lack of a clear sequence in the actions of the investigator and the ineffective use of scientific and technical means during the pre-trial investigation of cybercrimes, in most cases, does not help to identify the perpetrators and bring it to justice.
Planning plays a significant role in the effective investigation of criminal offenses committed with the use of information technology (cybercrimes).
To determine the essence of planning an investigation, its formation in forensic science was analyzed.
The definition of the concept of “planning cybercrime investigation” is given. In our opinion, crime investigation planning should be understood as a pre-planned action plan of an investigator in a specific criminal proceeding to investigate cybercrimes, which is drawn up both by the investigator (orally or in writing) and with the help of information technology software (programs).
We suggest using an artificial neural network when planning a cybercrime investigation, since the main thing in an artificial neural network is that it is not programmed, but is trained based on examples.
We fully share this point of view and believe that on the basis of successful and unsuccessful plans for investigating criminal offenses committed using information technologies (cybercrime), it is possible to teach an artificial neural network to develop (program) a specific investigation plan in appropriate situations, as well as analyze existing investigation plans to find and eliminate errors.
It is worth noting that this Cybercrime Investigation plan, compiled by an artificial neural network, should be of a recommendatory nature. Any edits, changes, etc., as well as decisions on carrying out certain procedural or tactical actions proposed in the plan by an artificial neural network, should be made exclusively by the investigator.
The use of an artificial neural network when planning a cybercrime investigation will contribute to:
1) the investigator’s ability to effectively and quickly investigate cybercrime;
2) save time in scheduling a cybercrime investigation;
3) providing the most appropriate tactics and methods that should be applied during the pre-trial investigation of cybercrime;
4) a low probability that the investigation will come to a standstill;
5) ensuring the protection of human interests in cyberspace;
6) educing procedural and tactical errors on the part of law enforcement agencies;
7) compliance with the requirements of a reasonable time during criminal proceedings.
4) it is unlikely that the investigation will come to a standstill; 5) ensuring the protection of human interests in cyberspace; 6) reduction of procedural and tactical errors on the part of law enforcement agencies; 7) compliance with the requirements of a reasonable time during criminal proceedings.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF EMOTIONS AND JURY DECISION MAKING
Authors: Birch T. , Birch I. , James M.
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the impact of a defendant’s emotions, expressed through gait and displayed through video footage, on jury decision making. The degree of state empathy and the case-related judgements of the mock jurors were assessed using a questionnaire. The results of the study suggest that the emotions being portrayed by a figure in a piece of video footage can be identified by viewers, and that careful consideration needs to be given to the potential ramifications of playing video footage in court and the subsequent impact on collective jury decision making.
CRIMINALISTICS ASPECTS OF THE STUDY BALLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND STRIKING PROPERTIES OF BULLETS OF PISTOL CARTRIDGES OF 9 × 21 IMI CALIBER
Authors: Kolomiitsev O. , Nikitiuk V. , Herman O. , Sapielkin V. , Serbinenko I.
Published: June 2021

The article presents data based on the results of experimental studies on the external ballistics parameters and the nature of changes in the trajectory of the kinetic energy of four types of pistol cartridges bullets 9 × 21 IMI (9 × 21 mm.), which were shot from two samples of carbines with different lengths of the rifled part of the barrel.
Of particular interest are data on the nature of the shell interaction and expansive bullets of cartridges of the indicated caliber with the tissues of a biological object, the imitation of the interaction with which was carried out using ballistic testing backing material (ballistic clay). The use of a simulator of biological tissues of the human body made it possible to determine the features of the shock-contact interaction of shell and expansive bullets with them, as well as to establish the nature of the behavior of these bullets in the thickness of a viscoelastic medium. It was experimentally found that under certain conditions, 9 mm jacketed bullets are capable of inflicting through wounds to the human body at firing distances up to 25 m inclusive, while the bullet, after breaking through the barrier, has energy characteristics that are sufficient to inflict a penetrating injury of varying severity on another biological object. Due to the use of ballistic clay, it became possible to visualize the maximum amount of damage caused by shell and expansive bullets, as well as to determine the features of the formation of exit wounds, taking into account the destabilization of shell bullets in the thickness of the obstacle.
It should be noted that at firing distances up to 5 m inclusive, shell bullets, due to the loss of gyroscopic stability in the tissues of a biological object, which have a sufficiently large thickness, are capable of inflicting wounds, the volume and severity of which are comparable to or exceed the corresponding parameters of wounds caused by expansive bullets.
The obtained results of measurements of the velocity of the of shell bullets after overcoming an obstacle in the form of a viscoelastic medium can later become the basis for calculating the contact speed of a bullet with a known length of the channel of the inflicted wound. The article for the first time presents the calculated data on the parameters of the flight path of shell and expansive bullets of pistol cartridges 9 × 21 IMI (9 × 21 mm.) at firing distances up to 100 m. The presented results of experimental studies and calculated data will allow experts in the field of forensic ballistics and forensic medicine to solve the tasks set by the pre-trial investigation authorities.
Key words: ballistic clay, biological object, elements of the trajectory of a bullet flight, carbine, pistol cartridge, wound, wound channel, damaging properties, damage.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Honorarium SMAN 1 Blanakan
Authors: Yakub Mochamad Rifki , Solihin Hanhan Hanafiah
Published: June 2021

Era digitalisasi saat ini Sistem Informasi Manajemen merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam proses pengelolaan sebuah instansi, dengan dibantunya pengelolaan oleh teknologi informasi dapat mempercepat proses dan mengurangi kesalahan. Dalam proses pengelolaan Honorarium SMAN 1 Blanakan masih dilakukan secara konvensional, sehingga masih sering menimbulkan kesalahan penginputan data, serta proses perhitungan honorarium masih belum optimal hingga berisiko terjadi kesalahan perhitungan yang mengakibatkan tidak tepatnya nominal honorarium. Solusi menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada adalah dengan perancangan dan pembangunan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Honorarium berbasis web di SMAN 1 Blanakan untuk memudahkan pengelolaan pembayaran honorarium. Sehingga dapat memberikan kemudahan, proses perhitungan yang terstruktur, dan mengurangi terjadinya kesalahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Science yang menghasilkan artefak untuk pembuatan aplikasi sistem informasi manajemen, awal pembangunan aplikasi pada tahap pengumpulan data menggunakan cara observasi dan wawancara kepada staf administrasi SMAN 1 Blanakan untuk menjelaskan proses yang terjadi dan apa saja yang menjadi kelemahan sehingga mendukung pemecahan masalah kedepannya, kemudian metode pada tahap pembuatan aplikasi menggunakan metode waterfall yang memuat langkah-langkah diantaranya communication, Planning, Modeling, Construction dan Deployment. Terlepas dari metode pembuatan aplikasi penelitian ini menggunakan alat bantu perancangan dengan menggunakan Unified Modeling Language serta Entity Relationship Diagram untuk perancangan database. Untuk pembuatan aplikasi menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter dan sisi database penelitian ini menggunakan MySQL. Hasil akhir pada penelitian ini yaitu telah menghasilkan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Honorarium yang membantu SMAN 1 Blanakan dalam mengelola honor pegawai lebih cepat, akurat dan mengurangi kesalahan serta dapat menghasilkan laporan sesuai yang diharapkan.
Implementasi ABSS Accounting Pada Laporan Keuangan CV One Solution Media
Authors: Lesmana Hendra , Erawati Wati , Mubarok Husni , Suryanti Ery
Published: June 2021

Laporan keuangan yang digunakan pada CV. One Solution Media masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu membuat laporan keuangan dengan mencatat pembukuan di kertas atau buku sehingga perusahaan sering kehilangan bukti transaksi dan perhitungan maupun pencatatan yang belum sesuai standar akuntansi membuat jumlah harta, modal maupun utang yang ada pada perusahaan tidak tampak jelas, serta laporan yang dihasilkan tidak lengkap, tidak ada laporan neraca dan perubahan modal perusahaan ini juga kurang ketat dalam mengelola bukti transaksi, sehingga pencatatan laporan keuangan secara manual dianggap kurang efektif. Sehingga perusahaan membutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi akuntansi untuk menciptakan laporan keuangan yang lengkap, rapi, tersaji tepat waktu, dan sesuai standar akuntansi. Sistem pencatatan akuntansi Berbasis Kas (Cash Basis), dan Sistem pencatatan persediaan menggunakan Metode Perpetual. Aplikasi yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ABSS Accounting. Penelitian diawali dengan pengelolaan data transaksi secara manual dan juga terkomputerisasi, kemudian dilakukan analisis untuk menemukan suatu perbedaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan dari pencatatan secara manual maupun pencatatan dengan aplikasi ABSS Accounting sesuai dengan  standar  akuntansi, namun untuk pembuatan laporan akuntansi menggunakan ABSS Accounting lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan pencatatan akuntansi secara manual dan resiko mengalami kesalahan perhitungan lebih kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menciptakan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas bagi perusahaan, efektif, efisien, dan sesuai dengan standar akuntansi. Sehingga bermanfaat bagi perusahaan dalam pengendalian internal serta penunjang dalam pengambilan keputasan.
Pengaruh Regulasi Digital Cryptocurrency Model Bitcoin Terhadap Sistem Pembayaran Pada UMKM
Authors: Manurung Ria , Paath David Kristian
Published: June 2021

Transaksi pembayaran secara online tak hanya menggunakan nominal sejumlah uang, tetapi menggunakan alternatif metode pembayaran dengan menggunakan uang virtual atau disebut dengan bitcoin. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pengaruh regulasi digital Cryptocurrency terhadap sistem pembayaran pada Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), mengetahui seberapa banyak UMKM yang pernah menggunakan bitcoin, sejauh mana perkembangan dari bitcoin tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan data primer diperoleh dari penyebaran kuisioner dan data sekunder yang terkait dengan penelitian melalui buku, jurnal, data kementerian keuangan dan Bank Indonesia. Penelitian  dilakukan di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 250 responden yang terdiri dari masyarakat pengguna mata uang virtual bitcoin baik UMKM maupun non UMKM. Pemilihan sampel melalui metode non probability sampling yaitu metode purposive sampling serta data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan alat bantu aplikasi SPSS. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian  yaitu ketetapan Bank Indonesia, keamanan sistem, dan peraturan otoritas jasa keuangan sebagai variabel X sedangkan variabel Y adalah sistem pembayaran pada UMKM. Hasil analisis masing-masing koefisien regresi yakni b1 = -0,021; b2 = 0,043; b3 = 0,10. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu regulasi penggunaan digital cryptocurrency memiliki pengaruh signifikansi yang relatif kecil terhadap sistem pembayaran pada UMKM di kota Purwokerto. Penggunaan bitcoin mengalami peningkatan walaupun belum ada aturan yang berlaku di Indonesia khususnya daerah Banyumas.
Field work in the Frederikshåb district
Authors: Jensen S.B
Published: June 2021

In 1968 the field work in the Frederikshåb area was carried out by 14 geologists each helped by an assistant. 10 geologists were involved in the geological mapping, each mapping his own area; one geologist made a detailed study and collected specimens of ultrabasic rocks from gneisses and amphibolitic horizons; one geologist investigated Ketilidian supracrustal rocks east of Ivigtut and two geologists worked in Quaternary geology south of Frederikshåb Isblink.
Field observations in Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments of Scoresby Land and Jameson Land
Authors: Birkelund T , Perch-Nielsen K
Published: June 2021

The main object - and the main problem - in the 1968 summer mapping in southern Scoresby Land and northern Jameson Land was to correlate three existing but not yet published geological maps on the new topographic map (see fig. 1). Thanks to the generosity of the geologists concerned (M. Aellen, J. H. Callomon, R. Trumpy and K. Grasmuck) we had these maps at our disposal, as well as descriptions to the latter two maps.
The Tertiary basalts of Scoresby Sund, a preliminary report
Authors: Watt W.S
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1968 the Tertiary basalts of Scoresby Sund were examined at five localities (see fig. 3. The stars mark the position of the sections examined). Sections covering 1800 m of the upper part of the basalt succession were examined from sea level at Sydbræ to 1800 m altitude on the southern side of Milne Land. The uppermost basalt flows above 1800 m occurring on Milne Land were not reached.
Preliminary report on glacier observations in Nordvestfjord, East Greenland
Authors: Olesen O.B , Reeh N
Published: June 2021

In recent years great interest has developed concerning the balance of the Greenland ice sheet (Indlandsisen) and considerable efforts have been expended to throw light on the problem (for summary see Fristrup, 1966). Perhaps the greatest error in calculations is the estimation of the production of calf ice from the East Greenland glaciers for which, up til now, almost no accurate data has been available.
Oil and gas prospects in the Cretaceous-Tertiary basin of West Greenland
Authors: Henderson G
Published: June 2021

The West Greenland basin contains marine and non-marine sediments ranging in age from Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) to Paleocene (Upper Danian). The marine sediments are at least 1500 m thick in parts of Nûgssuaq and may reach 2000 m; the non-marine sediments attain a thickness of 1500 m in Nûgssuaq and Disko. Sediments older than those exposed may be present at depth. In a considerable part of the area the sediments are overlain by Tertiary basalts, which locally attain a thickness of about 8 km. The basin is fault-bounded and its coastline was probably largely fault-determined from the onset of sedimentation. Sandstone and shale are the main sedimentary types, and bituminous shales are an important part of the succession. Recent chemical analyses have shown that the bituminous shales include true source rocks; additional evidence in support of the existence of source rocks in the basin is provided by the presence of migrated hydrocarbons in sandstone close to a fault and by the presence of bitumen amongst the fluids brought to the surface in a mud volcano. The sandstones are regarded as good potential reservoir rocks, and there are good possibilities for the presence of structural and stratigraphic traps at depth. The first indications are encouraging and invite further exploration for oil and gas.
Preliminary account of kimberlite intrusions from the Frederikshåb district, South-West Greenland
Authors: Andrews J.R , Emeleus C.H
Published: June 2021

Kimberlite intrusions from three localities, Nigerdlikasik, Pyramidefjeld and Midternæs, show closely comparable petrographicaI, mineralogical and geochemical features. They contain ultramafic gamet, spinel and phlogopite peridotite inclusions which appear to have been derived from the Upper MantIe, though scapolite granulite nodules in the Nigerdlikasik kimberlite must have originated in the lower crust. Garnet and spinel peridotite were sampled at successively higher levels by the kimberlite magma and micaceous peridotites wete produced by phlogopitisation of some of these inclusions during transport. Generation of the kimberlites took place during, the early Mesozoic and forms part of the Mesozoic pattern of igneous activity in South-West Greenland.
Beryllium mineralization in the Ilímaussaq intrusion, South Greenland
Authors: Engell J , Hansen J , Jensen M , Kunzendorf H , Lovborg L
Published: June 2021

In the peralkaline Ilimaussaq intrusion in South Greenland minor quantities of beryllium minerals are widespread in hydrothermal veins. Concentrations of veins rich in beryllium minerals are known from the Taseq slope and the Kvanefjeld area in the northern part of the intrusion. Up to now 10 beryllium minerals have been found, the most important being chkalovite. The hydrothermal veins range in width from about 1 mm to 2 m but are mostly a few cm thick. The most important minerals in the veins are analcime, sodalite, ussingite, natrolite, aegirine, arfvedsonite, epistolite and chkalovite. A field beryllometer based on the photoneutron method of determining beryllium is described. With a 100 mCi Sb124 activation source the instrument has a limit of detection ofless than 10 ppm BeO. The effective measuring area is ca. 40 cm2. Beryllium has a log-normal distribution in the rocks of the area.
An investigation of the igneous rocks on Hareøen and western Nûgssuaq, West Greenland
Authors: Hald N
Published: June 2021

Hareøen is an island north-west of Disko in western Greenland. It has the form of a plateau, whose highest point - 512 metres - is found near the south coast. Like the neighbouring parts of Nugssuaq and Disko, Hareøen consists chiefly of Tertiary basaltic lavas. The island first attracted attention on account of the presence of interbasaltic, coal-bearing sediments on the north-east coast. These were already examined by Giesecke in 1811 (Giesecke, 1910) and later among others by Steenstrup (1874) and B.E. Koch (1959). A petrographie investigation of the basalts was first undertaken by Holmes (1919), who described loose fragments rich in K2O. Lavas from the south coast, colleeted and analysed by Pedersen (1970), also have a high content of potash. V. Miinther in the years 1948-49 untertook geological mapping of the island, on which the present investigation is supported (Miinther, in press).
Preliminary results of mapping in the crystalline complex around Rypefjord and Rødefjord, and on northern Milne Land, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N , Higgins A.K
Published: June 2021

The Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) carried out in 1970 the third summer of mapping in the crystalline complex of the Scoresby Sund region. The region mapped was the continuation southwards of that mapped the previous two summers in the inner fjord zone. The main geological divisions encountered correspond generally to those aIready known and described briefly by Henriksen & Higgins (1969, 1970). The 1970 mapping of the crystalline complex was a team project in which eight geologists participated. Each geologist mapped about 500-600 km2 in a field season of about six weeks. While excellent exposures facilitated the work extensive use of helicopters was necessary to cover the region in the time available and some parts, can only be considered as mapped to a reconnaissance standard. Topographical maps at a 1:50 000 scale, enlarged from 1:200 000 originals, were used for compilation of geological results and extensive use was made of oblique and vertical aerial photographs. The geologists participating during 1970 were: B. Chadwick, Exeter; J. D. Friderichsen, Copenhagen; N. Henriksen, Copenhagen; A. K. Higgins, Copenhagen; P. Homewood, Lausanne; L. Jemelin, Lausanne; H. Rutishauser, Bern and K. Sørensen, Aarhus. The areas mapped by each geologist are shown on the key of the geological map (map 1). This report is based on information supplied by all the geologists and many of the views presented originated from other members of the mapping team. However, the writers are responsibIe for the interpretations given in this paper which do not necessarily coincide exactly with those of their colleagues. In due course many of the geologists will present detailed accounts of their individual areas and GGU plans to publish 1:100 000 map sheets of the region.
Observations on the field relationships and characteristics of the Rødeø Conglomerate of inner Scoresby Sund, East Greenland (with notes on the Lower Permian sediments of the Schuchert Flod area)
Authors: Collinson J.D
Published: June 2021

In the summer of 1970, four weeks were spent in mapping and making sedimentological observations in the red conglomerates and sandstones (the Rødeø Conglomerate) of Rødefjord and Rypefjord area. A period of ten days was also spent looking at the Permian and (?) Carboniferous sediments of the Schuchert Flod area for comparative purposes. The fieldwork was carried out with the assistenee of C. Biilow. The Rødeø Conglomerate had previously been briefly described by Biltler (1957, 1961) and the Schuchert Flod sequence in more detail by Kempter (1961).
U-Pb isotopic ages of zircons from Precambrian rocks of South Greenland
Authors: Chessex R , Buchs A , Allaart J.H , Delaloye M , Buttet P , Landry J.C
Published: June 2021

Results of age determinations on zircons from samples of gneiss, granite, syenite and diorite from the Ketilidian mobile belt of South Greenland are presented. The lead isotopes were determined by a direct ionisation method. As three of the four zircon concentrates gave more or less discordant results, their interpretation is difficult. However, the data agree with the view that late Ketilidian granite emplacement took place roughly 1800 m.y. ago and not around 1600 m.y. age as the previously available K/Ar dates on pre-Gardar rocks seemed to indicate.
The possibility of ilmenite placers in the Thule district, North Greenland
Authors: Ghisler M , Thomsen B
Published: June 2021

The mineralogical composition of the heavy fractions of 19 sand samples from the Thule district reflect the local bedrock geology, which ranges from sedimentary rocks (Thule Group, probably Proterozoic) over different types of gneisses to intermediate and basic intrusives (probably belonging to the basement). One sample, taken from a 1 m thick black sand layer, contains 60-70 weight % of pure ilmenite, the source rocks of which are regarded as diabases intruding the Dundas Formation (Thule Group) in the area immediately to the east. lImenite placers may occur in the raised beaches reaching 125 feet above the present sea level, and also the possibility af offshore deposits should be taken into consideration. Thc climate and access to the area are briefly discussed.
Review of the Survey's activities in 1971
Authors: Ellitsgaard-Rasmussen K
Published: June 2021

In 1971 the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) celebrated its 25th year of geological research in Greenland. During this period the Survey has developed into the official government department of the Ministry for Greenland dealing with geological aspects. The interest shown by mining and oil companies in both onshore and offshore areas of Greenland during the last decade has continued to grow and as a result the Survey has set up an economic section to deal with matters concerning mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. This work forms an important part of the Survey's tasks which are to investigate, map and explain, in as much detail as is practicable, the geology of Greenland. Systematic geological mapping, detailed investigations of selected mineral deposits and the publication of results of research carried out during the first 25 years of the Survey's existence provide the basic data for the realisation of the economic potential of Greenland.
Geological and geophysical work in central West Greenland
Authors: Henderson G
Published: June 2021

During the summer a new programme for the detailed geological and geophysical investigation of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks of central West Greenland was embarked on. This programme follows on work already undertaken in this area since 1938 (see Rosenkrantz & Pulvertaft, 1969; Henderson, 1969b; Rosenkrantz, 1970). Extensive areas of thick sediments and an extension of the volcanic rocks have been discovered in recent years offshore from central West Greenland. A review of the published information is given by Henderson (in press). It thus became clear that the onshore area is a key area and that a better understanding of the exposed rocks would contribute greatly to the interpretation of the offshore geology.
Sampling of metadolerites in the Agto area, central West Greenland
Authors: Sørensen K
Published: June 2021

During field work in the Agto area in 1966 to 1969 (see GGU Reports of Activities for these years), a number of metadolerites were mapped and sporadically sampled. In the country around Agto settlement where the metadolerites are apparently most frequent, they have been used in the synthesis of a structural chronology (Sørensen, 1970). A preliminary petrographic analysis of all metadolerite samples collected by the mapping team (Sørensen, 1971), revealed that the metadolerites, which range modallyfrom amphibolite to pyriclasite, offered ideal possibilities for describing and interpreting aspects of the amphibolite to granulite facies transition.
Na+ activity as measured in natural waters, humid soils and vegetation in the area around Fiskenæsfjorden (Qeqertarssuatsiait kangerdluat), southern West Greenland
Authors: Bondam J
Published: June 2021

In order to gain some knowledge of the regional distribution of sodium and of the release of sodium from silicate rocks under sub-arctic conditions, Na+ activity has been measured by means of a selective glass-electrode on a variety of naturally occurring substances in the Fiskenæsfjorden area. The technique employed is rather similar to that used for pH measurements; results are therefore expressed as pNa, being the negative logarithm of the Na+ activity.
U/Pb zircon studies on the age and origin of post-tectonic intrusions from South Greenland
Authors: Gulson B.L , Krogh T.E
Published: June 2021

The samples used in the age dating programme reported on here were collected in the summer of 1970 as part of a regional mapping programme with J. R. Andrews, D. Bridgwater, B. L. Gulson and J. S.Watterson (see Andrews et al., 1971). Owing to the extensive weathering, samples were obtained by drilling and blasting. All except the most northern sample localities are indicated in fig. 6.
Preliminary report on the basalts of Volquart Boons Kyst, East Greenland
Authors: Watt W.S , Emeleus C.H , Watt M
Published: June 2021

The area between Helgenæs and Kap Brewster, a total of approximately 2000 km2 (north of 700 N) was mapped systematically by two parties, and selected reconnaissance traverses were made in adjacent areas south of 70° in order to obtain a clearer picture of the regional structure. The northem part of the area consists of almost vertical, north-facing cliffs rising to over 1000 m stretching for 120 km interrupted by hanging glaciers. In the east these cliffs drop to about 300 m at Kap Brewster and to low cliffs and beaches on the south-east coast of Savoia Halvø. The zone of hanging glaciers presented a particular problem since they hide the exposure at a fairly constant level from about 1000 to 1200 m (plateau level) making traversing and correlation possibilities at this height very limited. Inland the area is covered by the ice cap from which nunataks rise to 2000 m.
Preliminary results of magnetic investigations in the Scoresby Sund region
Authors: Bidstrup T
Published: June 2021

A magnetic survey comprising both terrestrial and ship-borne work was carried out during the summer 1971 in three phases. During the first phase magnetic profiles were established across the central parts of the Mesozoic sedimentary Jameson Land basin and the bordering Caledonian crystalline complexes. The aim of these investigations was to obtain a geophysical evaluation of the thickness of the sediments and to investigate the contact relations between the crystalline and the sedimentary rocks. The second phase comprised ship-borne investigations along several profile lines across Hall Bredning and Scoresby Sund in order to determine the southern extension of the Mesozoic sediments and their relation to the Tertiary basalts in the south. The westwards extension of the sediments and their boundary relations to the crystalline rocks were investigated in the northern part of Hall Bredning. The third phase made up only a minor part of the programme. This aimed at identifying the possibIe existence of a few Tertiary volcanic units in Fønfjord predicted from investigations of the surrounding basalts. Jens Spaabæk, who participated in both field and laboratory investigations, is acknowledged for his great share of the work.
Notes on Greenland trace fossils
Authors: Bromley R.G , Asgaard U
Published: June 2021

Freshwater Cruziana from the Upper Triassic of Jameson Land, East Greenland.An occurrence of well-preserved Cruziana problematica (Schindewolf) in Triassic red-beds in Jameson Land allows a more detailed morphological description of these trace fossils than has hitherto been possible. Rheotactic orientation of the traces indicates the direction of palaeocurrents in the area. C. problematica has previously been ascribed to branchiopod crustaceans, but the present material allows a narrowing of the field to Notostraca, and is supported by field observations of the living notostracan Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas).The burrows and microcoprolites of Glyphea rosenkrantzi, a Lower Jurassic palinuran crustacean from Jameson Land, East Greenland.In Toarcian sediments in Jameson Land, phosphatic concretions at certain horizons contain well preserved Glyphea rosenkrantzi. These crustaceans are confined to the fill of Thalassinoides burrow systems and it is therefore probable that the burrows were constructed by Glyphea. It is possibIe that associated microcoprolites of rod-like shape, without internal canals, may also be ascribed to the Glyphea.A large radiating burrow-system in Jurassic micaceous sandstones of Jameson Land, East Greenland. Large trace fossils consisting of more or less straight burrows radiating from a verticaI shaft are described from Jurassic sandstones of Jameson Land. The mica orientation of the sediment reveals the internal construction of the burrows and aids the interpretation of their mode of formation. The trace fossil has not been previously named and is designated Phoebichnus trochoides ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.
Results from a geological reconnaissance around Svartenhuk Halvø, West Greenland
Authors: Münther V
Published: June 2021

Svartenhuk Halvø is built up primarily of Tertiary basalts; these overlie Cretaceous and early Tertiary sediments, and overlap onto the Precambrian basement. The basalt series can be divided into a lower and an upper series; although displaced by faults, the boundary between these series can be followed across the peninsula. The thickness of the lower basalt series is estimated to be about 2-3 km in the south of the peninsula and barely 1 km in the north; the sub-aquatic basalt breccia is included in these thicknesses. FauIts causing repetitions of the lava succession have resulted in the series being preserved over a rather large area. The general dip of the lavas is 3-4 dregrees towards SW in the east and 8-10 degrees, also towards SW, in the west. Locally dips between 10 and 20 degrees or even steeper are seen; these are the resulf of drag along fault zones in Arfertuarssuk fjord and Kugssineq valley, and between Svartenhuk Halvø and Ubekendt Ejland. The youngest fault has a displacement of 500 m or more and has downthrown the basement area to the north-east in relation to the sediment-basalt breccia-basalt series to the south-west. The upper basalt series has by far the greater lateral extent and covers the gneiss and metasediment area to the north and north-east at least as far as the Inland lee. The dip of the flows in this part of the basalt series is considerably lower than in much of the lower basalt series, but faults repeating the succession are also frequently encountered within the upper basalts. The tectonic movements evidence a strong E-W (or NE-SW) tension, never a compression; the weak anticlinal and synclinal structures which are seen are interpreted as resulfing from differential sagging. The lower basalt series is thought to have arisen from fissure eruptions, with the main area of eruption in the east. The lavas are very rich in olivine (i. e. are pieritic). The upper basalt series probably arose from central eruptions and smaller fissure eruptions, and the area of eruption is thought to have shifted to the west. The upper lavas become poorer in olivine; andesitic lavas represent perhaps a closing phase, more local in its distribution and perhaps resulting from magmatic assimilation of pre-basaltic sediments. "Iron basalt" and intrabasaltic breccia have not been noted on Svartenhuk Halvø.
Field evidence concerning the origin of early Precambrian gneisses and amphibolites in part of the Fiskenæsset region
Authors: Myers J.S
Published: June 2021

During GGU's first season of detailed mapping in the Fiskenæsset region south of Midgård in 1970, "the origin of the gneisses" . . . was "much under debate" and it was concluded that "there is little evidence on which to decide whether they represent old granitic rocks or (in part) old metasediments" (Kalsbeek, 1971). In 1971, GGU's mapping on a scale of 1:20 000 was extended to the north-east of Midgård where, in an area of 100 square kilometres north of the head of Fiskenæsfjorden (fig. 3), it has been found that the gneisses are divisible into three main groups.
Metamorphism at contacts of acid rocks with anorthosite and amphibolite in the Fiskenæsset region
Authors: Rivalenti G
Published: June 2021

During the geological mapping in the Fiskenæsset region the origin of the different gneiss types has been much debated, and it has been suggested that some of the gneisses may represent metasomatically altered anorthositic and amphibolitic rocks. F. Kalsbeek suggested that to test this hypothesis a study should be made of possible mineralogical and chemical changes at boundaries between anorthositegneiss and amphibolite-gneiss. The first results of such an investigation are reported here.
New mapping in the western part of Ubekendt Ejland
Authors: Clarke D.B
Published: June 2021

During the period August 6-18 the writer, assisted by C. Wewer, worked on Ubekendt Ejland. From the base camp at the mouth of Tuperssuartûta kûa three areas were covered and Wewer later collected in the fourth from the GGU ship "K. J. V. Steenstrup".
Analysis of surface and borehole samples from the West Greenland Basin
Authors: Stevens N.B.H
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1971 a programme of shallow core-drilling was undertaken on the Nûgssuaq peninsula using a Craelius Prosper 25 core drill belonging to the Danish Atomic Energy Commission, Risø. This drill provides cores with a diameter of 16 mm. The object of the programme was to obtain fresh samples of the Cretaceous-Tertiary shales in this part of the West Greenland Basin for stratigraphic and source rock analysis. Source rock analysis of surface samples collected during 1968 (see Stevens in Henderson, 1969) had indicated the desirability of obtaining fresher material than can be collected in the active zone or at the immediate top of the permafrost zone. For various reasons the coring programme did not provide the amount of cores hoped for. The core samples sent for analysis were therefore supplemented by surface samples (mainly from Nugssuaq). This report gives a brief account of the results of the analysis of 21 surface and borehole samples. The sample localities are shown in fig. 10.
Geological and geophysical work in the Nûgssuaq-Disko region, central West Greenland
Authors: Henderson G
Published: June 2021

During the summer the geological and geophysical work on Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks of central West Greenland embarked upon in 1971 (see Henderson, 1972), was continued. This programme ran concurrently with offshore geophysical work (see Denham, this report), the object of the combined investigations being to study in detail the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the entire area. With the interest in the petroleum potential of the West Greenland continental shelf continuing unabated, the only area where the Cretaceous-Tertiary rocks are exposed is clearly of considerable economic as well as academic interest.