bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FUTURE OF THE LANGUAGES OF THE FINNO-UGRAIAN PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kondrashkina Elena Alekseevna
Published: June 2021

This article attempts to predict the future condition and development of the languages of the Finno-Ugric peoples. The problem of language forecasting is not a priority area of linguistic studies. Some researchers are skeptical about the very possibility of predicting the development of a language as unforeseen extra-linguistic factors can affect it and accelerate decelerate its development. The Russian history saw a lot of such factors: the language building during the post-revolutionary years, repressions of the 1930s, struggle against “nationalism” and “panfinism”, liquidation of national schools, policy of building a “new historical community - the so-called “Soviet people” with Russian as a single language, various educational reforms, etc. In the Russian Federation, the Finno-Ugric peoples mostly reside in the five Finno-Ugric republics of Karelia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia and in the two autonomous districts of Khanty-Mansi (Ugra) and Yamalo-Nenets. The Finno-Ugric peoples living in the latter districts are small nations and will not be discussed in this article. There are also numerous Finno-Ugric diasporas in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and some other Russian regions. All of them differ by the following two demographic criteria: the ratio of Russians to the titular population and the number of state languages in the republics in question and the existence of laws governing those languages. This study, which is based on papers written by various linguistic scholars from both the Finno-Ugric republics and foreign countries, statistics and population census results, allows us to conclude that the process of giving the national languages the status of a state language had virtually no impact on the change in the language situation, nor did it slow down the language shift towards Russian - rather, it accelerated that shift. Such alarming situation with national languages should encourage linguistic scientists and authorities to pay special attention to the problems of planning, forecasting and preserving those languages.
PRINCIPLES OF DEPICTING REALITY IN MIKHAIL KONOVALOV's NOVELS
Authors: Arekeeva Svetlana Timofeevna , Shibanov Victor Leonidovich
Published: June 2021

The article considers the novels "Vuryso Bum" ("Scarface", 1933) and "Gayan" ("Gayan", 1936) by Udmurt writer Mikhail Konovalov in terms of principles used by the author to create artistic reality. From the point of view of social realism, Mikhail Konovalov is free to experiment; he introduces constructivism, romanticism, naïvism using an arsenal of realistic devices; folklore and mythological origins are realised through a subconscious appeal to the Perm animal style ("Vuryso Bum") and a fairy tale model ("Gayan"). The prose writer reveals a regional spirit (animus loci); in his texts Ural is presented both as a spatial continuum and a living organism that determines characters’ personalities. For example, the novel "Gayan" depicts Izhevsk mining metallurgical settlement in the 1770s, the novel "Vuryso Bum" shows the working routine of Izhstal Plant rolling shop: one of the characters is dreaming about a factory of the future - a glass building immersed in trees, and people flying freely to colonised Mars. In the novel "Vuryso Bum", the main character is the collective "we" which combines many different personalities. The character of Gondyr, a trickster, existing between two worlds and trying to get used to an industrial city, can be considered the writer's artistic success. The "creator vs. destroyer" conflict, traditional for the 1930s, is embodied in the characters of a rational Dubov and a hidden enemy Nushin. An invariant of Beauty and the Beast's plot can be found in the relationship between Nushin and young Lina. The main principle of the novel "Gayan" is the combination of historical-ethnographic elements and elements of adventure. Varieties of fortunes of Gayan, a beautiful Luisa, and an ugly Balyan develop around a historical background of Pugachev's Rebellion; Emelyan Pugachev, Salavat Yulaev, Alymov, the head of Izhevsk Factory, and others play a certain role in their relationship. M. Konovalov creates a vivid and unique picture of ethnic reality in both novels.
KOMI (ZYRYAN AND PERMYAK) LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE IN THE FINNISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Rakin Nikolay Anatolyevich
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the Finnish translations from the Komi literature and folklore, its purpose is to review the available Finnish publications from the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak literatures, as well as to identify some common features of the Komi-Finnish translation activity. It is established that Komi folklore was first published in the Finnish language in the 1880s-1890s, and fiction - in the 1920s, however, the main part of the available translations date back to the period after the 1980s. The increase in the intensity of mutual translation activities among the Finno-Ugric peoples since the 1990s is connected with the establishment and development of contacts in the literary sphere: the Association of Finno-Ugric literatures appears, writers' congresses are regularly held. One of the goals of such cooperation is mutual acquaintance with literary creativity, which is carried out primarily through literary translation. About four hundred of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak works are presented in Finnish. Translations into Finnish are carried out not only in Finland, but also in Karelia, where the Finnish language is used as a literary language. Translations made in Finland are characterized by an exceptional dominance of poetry, with intermediary language used very rarely, transcriptions are made directly from the original language. In Karelia there is interest in the Komi prose, but translators work using the Russian language.
UDMURT NAMES OF GODS, GHOSTS AND HOLIDAYS IN J.G. GEORGI's 18th CENTURY ETHNOGRAPHICAL HANDBOOK
Authors: Maticsák Sándor
Published: June 2021

German origin natural scientist Johann Gottlieb Georgi participated in the Orenburg Expedition, organized by the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. Between 1770 and 1774 he travelled in the Middle and Lower Volga Region, the Orenburg area, Bashkiria, the neighbourhood of Lake Baikal and reached as far as the Russian-Chinese-Mongolian border. He summarized his experiences of the journey in his book titled Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772-1774 . A few years later he published an extended version of the Bemerkungen , titled Beschreibung aller Nationen des Russischen Reichs , a richly illustrated volume describing in detail the customs and religious life of 80 peoples in Russia. One of these is the Udmurts. Georgi tells us about the living circumstances, clothing, wedding and burying customs of the Udmurts and describes very thoroughly their gods, ghosts, holidays, sacrifices, also providing us with the Udmurt names for them. He writes about the main gods (Inmar, Kildisin, Mu-Kildisin, Šundi mumi) , the evil god (Šajtan) , the guardian spirits and the evil spirits (Voršud, Vu murt, Palas murt, Ubir, Albaste) . He also describes the sacrificial places (keremet and lud, kuala, mudor) , writes about the sacrificial (vöś, vöśan) ceremony and about the mediators (tuno, uťis, vedin) between earth and heaven. He also mentions some special events like the spring sowing and the summertime and autumn harvests.
De coadjuvantes a protagonistas
Authors: Couto Euclides de Freitas , Nogueira Tiago Augusto de Deus
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as representações expressas na seção esportiva do jornal Critica, editada por Mário Filho, entre os anos de 1928 e 1930. Nesse intento, buscamos identificar as transformações da pauta esportiva e da estética discursiva do jornal, articulando-as ao processo de popularização do futebol carioca, no final da década de 1920. Nossa hipótese é que no bojo desse processo, o jornal se converteu em um importante ator social, contribuindo para tensionar, na esfera pública, a questão da exploração dos futebolistas naquele período. Portanto, ao longo da análise, o jornal Crítica é tomado, simultaneamente, como fonte e objeto de pesquisa.
Does the Change in Land Cover Alters Birds and Butterflies Diversity?
Authors: Putri Marini Machdi , Santosa Yanto , Masy'ud Burhanuddin
Published: June 2021

Currently the expansion of oil palm is increasing, which at the same time creates a lot of negative responses related to environmental impacts, biodiversity loss, including birds and butterflies species diversity. Nowadays our understanding of the impacts of oil palm plantations is still based on the claim that oil palm plantations are established on primary forest land. The study aimed to estimate the impact of land cover changes, loss of biodiversity, and possible cohabitation between birds and butterflies based on baseline land type before oil palm plantation. The research was conducted at PT Tempirai Palm Resources, to be precise, in the baseline area (shrubs) and plantation areas planted with oil palm using direct and indirect observation methods. Based on research, it was known that land conversion to oil palm plantations caused changes in the number of species, and the diversity of birds and butterflies. The number of bird species in the baseline area was higher (S = 22 species, H ‘= 2.51) than in the plantation area. The number of butterfly species in the baseline area was less (0 species) than in the oil palm plantation area (5 species, H ‘= 1.56, Dmg = 2.23). In general, the increase in bird species’ biodiversity was higher (59.09%) compared to the loss. In contrast, the butterfly species was not lost. A cohabitation also occurred between birds and butterflies at the site. The study concluded that oil palm plantation not only have a negative impact but also a positive impact for biodiversity especially for bird and butterfly.­­­­
PEMANFAATAN YOUTUBE CHANNEL COCOMELON SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGENALAN KOSA KATA BAHASA INGGRIS ANAK
Authors: Hayati Miratul , Rahimia Raihana Fibri
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to explain the use of YouTube channel Cocomelon as a medium for mastery of vocabulary for children aged 4-6 years in Karang Tengah village. This study uses a mixed method, the type of Explanatory Design. The subjects in this study were children aged 4-6 years who live in Karang Tengah Village, Tangerang and their parents who accompany their children to watch YouTube Cocomelon. The sampling technique was nonprobabillity sampling, using purposive sampling type. Collecting data using interview instruments, documentation and non-test instruments. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman's model and descriptive statistics. Based on the results of a questionnaire calculation related to the use of the Cocomelon YouTube Channel as a medium for introducing English vocabulary for children aged 4-6 years in Karang Tengah District, Tangerang, they are included in the "Developing according to expectations" category. This can be seen from the results of the research which states that the average value of children's vocabulary recognition, namely 87.7%, is in the very good category.
TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK DAN POLA PENGASUHAN ORANG TUA PADA MASA GOLDEN AGE DI RA VINNAJA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: DN Nurul Annisa , Yumarni Vivi , Marwah Siti
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the parenting styles applied by both parents had followed the predetermined methods, namely in the form of approach, habituation and service (the katsayan method). Parents and families are educational institutions that have a very big influence on children's development, therefore children's education cannot be separated from their families. Because the family is the first place where children claim to be social beings in interacting with their environment and groups. This activity is a form of community service, the STAI Ma'arif Jambi Early Childhood Islamic Education study program. The implementation of this research is in the form of PKM activities which are descriptive qualitative research. And this activity as a sabjek is the child of Raudathul Athfal VINNAJA, Kasang village, Karang City Rt, 03, Kumpeh Ulu sub-district, Muaro Jambi district, teachers and parents around the school.
The results of this study were taken from a drawing competition using a cutton bath (as a brush) to draw and accompanied by parents. And seminars for parents (guardians of students) as an enrichment of knowledge for parents in RA vinnaja, while Islamic parenting was held with the theme "Child development and parenting patterns during the golden age" with the implementing team, namely Vivi Yumarni. . M. Pd.I, while the speaker was Siti Marwah. S Ag. M Pd.I, and Nurul Annisa Dewantari Nasution, S.Psi M. Pd. So by carrying out this activity we hope parents can apply the katsayan method (approach, habituation, service) to their children.
Keywords: Islamic parenting, child development, parenting patterns, the golden age.
PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA PADA MASA ERA NEW NORMAL DI PAUD PLUS DARUSSALAM BOJONEGORO
Authors: Novitasarii Nurul
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the application of health protocols in the new normal era in PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews and documentation, related to the implementation of health protocols during the pandemic in PAUD plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The informants in this study were the principal, teachers and parents at PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro. The findings in this study are the application of health protocols in the new normal era in PAUD Plus Darussalam Bojonegoro including: availability of health protocol facilities such as hand washing stations, spraying disinfectant liquid throughout the school area, spraying steam disinfectant to teachers and students, 2) Regulation of facilities and infrastructure such as: learning divided into 2 shifts, learning a maximum of 2 hours, and 3) learning activities by keeping a distance, always using a mask / face shield.
Determinan Intensi Whistleblowing Internal pada OPD Kabupaten Purbalingga
Authors: Pramudiati Ningrum , Aziz Rizki Nur
Published: June 2021

This research aims to examine the determinants of internal whistleblowing intention at OPD Purbalingga Regency. The determinants of internal whistleblowing intention need to be examined because Indonesia is one of the countries with a high level of fraud. This research used primary data in the form questionnaires with purposive sampling method. The sample used in this study were 27 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province. The variables examined in this study were professional commitment, ethical environment, moral intensity, and personal cost. This research used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that professional commitment, ethical environment, moral intensity, and personal cost have a positive and partial effect on the intention to conduct internal whistleblowing at the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) of Purbalingga Regency. A person with a high moral intensity tends to have a high intensity to whistleblowing. This means that morals are often an important limitation for a person to take action. A person with high moral boundaries will not like anything beyond the existing moral rules.
A REVIEW ON COVID-19 AFFECTING ORAL HEALTH: IN THE COURSE AND AFTER RECOVERY
Authors: Mangroliya Pankti J , Arora Pratvi S , R Azad Akash
Published: June 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected a vast majority of people throughout the world. It has impacted the oral health of many people due to several reasons. This article reviews various increasing oral health problems that have been reported frequently throughout the course of the disease, effect of bad oral hygiene on severity of COVID-19 and the basic measures to be taken for prevention of such problems. On one hand the use of corticosteroids and antiviral therapy to treat COVID-19 has led to increased fungal infections such as candidiasis and mucormycosis of oral cavity while on the other hand the stress of isolation has caused escalation of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders. Taste disorders due to COVID-19 are also very common. It has also been suggested that a good oral hygiene is advantageous in preventing the development of complications of COVID-19. Many post-COVID oral health problems such as dry mouth are frequently observed.
IMPORTANCE OF TOOTH-BRUSH DISINFECTION IN SARS Cov-2.
Authors: Bhatt Akash , Gupta Neel , Garg Lavisha
Published: June 2021

As public distribution of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is underway, prevention of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on minimizing spread. Toothbrushes are a potent source of infection as it harbours the microorganisms and
increases the viral load as well. It also increases the chances of cross infection among family members. Therefore disinfecting toothbrushes after
every use may be a viable option to decrease the total viral load as well as to limit the chances of cross - infection.
This communication aims to focus on the fact that toothbrushes may be another potential source of infection in this pandemic, thereby this needs to
be disinfected after every use and once person is recovered, it should be replaced with a new one.
COMPARISON OF PARKIN SCORE AND NEW BALLARDS SCORE FOR GESTATIONALAGE ESTIMATION- PROSPECTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: S Akshatha , Bhanuchand P. , BS Chinthana
Published: June 2021

In an infant it is important to know correct gestational age , to evaluate the risk , line of management and mortality and morbidity. Most common
used method for gestational age assessment is Ballard's score which includes various parameters and neurologic parameters and difcult to assess
in sick neonate where parkin score only uses 4 criteria for assessment of gestational age. This prospective analytical study was conducted to
compare new Ballard's score and parkin's score between healthy and sick neonates in tertiary care center
“MANAGEMENT OF GINGIVAL RECESSION USING A MODIFIED TWO-STAGE APPROACH WITH DE-EPITHELIALIZED GINGIVAL GRAFT AND POUCH AND TUNNEL WITH BI-LAYERED A-PRF MEMBRANE”
Authors: Dhingra Divya , N K Sowmya , Giri S Shanta , G V Gayathri , Mehta D S
Published: June 2021

This case report aimed to treat a 48-year-old healthy male patient with a chief complaint of sensitivity and receding gums concerning the lower
front tooth region. Intraoral examination revealed class I gingival recession i.r.t. 31 and 41. A two-stage modied approach using de-epithelialized
gingival graft (DGG) was used to increase the gingival thickness at rst stage followed by the minimally invasive pouch and tunnel technique with
bi-layered A-PRF membrane in the second stage to achieve complete root coverage. 3 months after the rst stage there was an increase in gingival
thickness which can be owed to the use of DGG. One year following the second stage complete root coverage with stable gingival thickness and
reduced root sensitivity was observed, Thus, this modied two-stage approach could be successfully used for the treatment of class I and II gingival
recession.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY POSTURE IN CLINICIANS
Authors: Singh Gulat Harpreet , Kumar Gupta Upendra , Wadhwa Ambica
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND : Clinicians in the today's world are always under sustained levels of physical exertion. As they form backbone of healthcare
setup, the health of clinicians themselves is a very signicant factor towards providing good health to all.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES - The objective of the study was to determine the relation of body mass index (BMI) on both static standing as well as
dynamic sitting body posture in clinicians. This will establish a relation between obesity and postural stress of clinicians
METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted in OPD clinics of our medical college and various private hospitals of Jalandhar. BMI was
calculated as ratio of weight (kg) to the square of height (m). Standing posture was assessed with the help of plumb bob passing the line in lateral and
posterior aspect of the body nding the correct (YES) or faulty (NO) posture taken for the calculation. Dynamic (work sitting) posture was checked
with observation during the OPD work by using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) worksheet. All the values obtained were statistically
analysed with Chi square test to determine association.
RESULTS: In high BMI group, three-fourths of the clinicians were found to have faulty standing static posture and 79% had faulty dynamic work
posture whereas normal BMI group had minimum faulty posture. Female clinicians showed more level of faulty posture than male clinicians. The
results also show that with increase in BMI, faulty posture also takes a higher turn.
CONCLUSION: BMI is positively related to postural stress in clinicians, especially in the higher age group. This information serves as an
awareness and warning signal for the clinicians to safeguard their own health and correct their faulty posture
A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CANCER DEATHS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN MEDICAL BLOCK MATTAN, ANANTNAG KASHMIR
Authors: Naqshbandi Irfa , Bashir Khalid , Ain Syed Najmul , Masoodi Muneer Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Background: Cancer is one of the signicant causes of mortality worldwide. Cancer has been found to increase with acquisition of unhealthy
dietary habits, smoking, sedentary life style etc. Objective: (1) To determine the number of cancer deaths in Mattan Block, Anantnag in the ve year
period of 2015 -2020. (2)To nd out the prevalence of risk factors of cancer among the studied cases
Materials and Methods:It was a descriptive analysis of the cancer related deaths in Mattan area conducted from 2015 to 2020. Whenever a cancer
death occurred, a team of health inspector and an ASHAworker went to the family of the deceased where upon socio-demographic details and the
details about risk factors were collected. The data was entered and analysed by using Microsoft Word 2010.
Results: A total of 197 deaths were recorded. Most of the deaths were in the age group of above 60 years (40%) with male preponderance (65%).
Maximum proportion of deaths was due to Gastrointestinal cancers (42%) followed by respiratory cancers (25.4%). About 56% of participants
consumed dried vegetables at least twice a week. Salt tea was consumed 3-4 times a day by 35% of subjects, 45.2% of the subjects ate spicy food.
About 53% of subjects were smokers.
Conclusion: In this study we found that there's high intake of salt tea, dried vegetables and spicy foods among family members of the deceased
persons. Smoking is also a menace in the area. Awareness generation among the people in the area needs to be created about the healthy food and
life style
RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION DEVICES AND ANTENNAS MAY VIOLATE THE RIGHT TO LIFE PRINCIPLE
Authors: Kelting Herman
Published: June 2021

This article proposesthat the Right to Life Principle, dened as “every person hasthe right to a natural birth and legitimate survival and development
into adulthoodwithout environmental or othersystematic injury to theirwell-being,”may be violated byRFRemissionsfromcell phones,Wi-Fi,macro
cell phone base stations (MCPBSs), 5G/4G small cell antennas (SCAs), etc. in excess of the standards set by the Building Biology Institute. BBI
standardsset1000µW/m2as anextreme anomaly;theprecisedivisionpointofharm/noharmbelow1000µW/m2is unknown.
I review literature describing (1) the Right to Life Principle, (2) the attributes of non-ionizing radiation, and (3) proven injury from cell phones, WiFi, MCPBSs, 5G/4G SCAs, etc. to living organisms with 20 categories of illnesses and 58 references. Non-ionizing radiation isshown to place a force
eld on negatively charged particles including electrons, neurons, and DNA, and exciting/energizing electrons with shifts to outer orbits with energy
emission when they return to ground orbit thereby destabilizing atoms, molecules, cells and organs in the process of orbital shifts. RFR induced
illnesses include sperm damage, fetus injury, irreversibility infertility, emotional and hyperactive disorders, cancer, damage to DNA, the immune
system, blood brain barrier, and stem cells, increasesin oxidative stress and free radicals, and harm to those living lessthan 500 metersfrom MCPBSs.
My recommendationsto reduce injury from RFR are based upon review of the literature, experience in metering residential property and MCPBSsfor
RFR, avoiding the use of RFR emitting devices and accessto line-of-sight antennas, and legislative proposalsto show the dangers of RFR devices and
antennas by,for example,requiringnotice tobuyers andlessees ofresidentialpropertyof powerdensitieswithinhousingunits.
Comparisons of VRP Optimization Algorithmic Methods for the Optimal Routing of Multiple Delivery Vehicles with Time Constraint
Authors: Wisittipanit Nuttachat , Baisukhan Adirek , Srisuwannapa Chanin
Published: June 2021

Transportation costs account for a large portion of business expense in any logistics firm; thus, achieving proper solutions that manage those transportation activities well and reduce such expense should be the number one priority for the business. Essentially, such logistics management involves the routing plans for company vehicles that perform delivery/pick up and also the number of vehicles utilized. This study investigated and compared the optimization performances of routing algorithms using simulated geographic data based in Chiang Rai, Thailand, emulating the post office operation which had 1 post office, 4 delivery vehicles and 2 delivery zones (2 vehicles per zone): 65 customer locations for zone A and 74 for zone B. The major objective of this particular routing problem, called Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), was that the total delivery distance of those 4 delivery vehicles combined should be minimized; moreover, those vehicles mush finish their delivery operation within a time constraint, set at 2
hours. The optimization algorithms, employed for the routing procedures, were Large Neighborhood Search (LNS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), combined into 3 hybrid algorithms (LNS|PSO, LNS|DE and LNS|ACO). Those hybrid algorithms including pure ones (DE, PSO and ACO) were compared for their optimization performances; and the results showed that LNS|ACO hybrid algorithm was superior than the other two hybrid ones and also far better than pure DE, PSO and ACO algorithms at various parameter variants. Additionally, most algorithms (hybrid and pure ones) finished the delivery routing
within the time constraint of 2 hours except only for the pure algorithms at minimum parameter variant.
Introduction: Nicolaus Steno and earth science in early modern Italy
Authors: Dominici Stefano , Rosenberg Gary D.
Published: June 2021

A group of scientists interested in history of science and fascinated by the figure of Nicolaus Steno (1638-1686) gathered in Florence for the 350th anniversary of the publication of his De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento prodromus dissertationis. A public conference held at Palazzo Fenzi on 16 October 2019 and a geological fieldtrip on the following day were occasions to discuss different points of view on the last published work of the Danish natural philosopher, dedicated to "solids naturally enclosed in other solids" (De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento, or De solido in short). The title of the gathering, "Galilean foundation for a solid earth", emphasized the philosophical context that Steno found in Florence, where in 1666-1668 he established tight human and philosophical bonds with renowned Italian disciples of Galileo Galilei and members of the Accademia del Cimento. For participants to the 2019 gathering, the Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence, hosting some of Steno's geological specimens, and the region of Tuscany itself, formed the perfect location to discuss the phenomena that Steno had observed from 1666-1668, the motivations for his research, the methodology of his discovery and, generally stated, the European scientific context which informed his inquiry. Some of the talks given in that meeting are included within this volume, kindly hosted by Substantia, International Journal of the History of Chemistry published by the Florence University Press. In addition some of the invited speakers who were unable to attend, also contributed a paper to this publication. The collection is about earth science in the early modern period, when the study of minerals, rocks, and the fossilized remains of living things did not yet form a distinct path to knowledge about earth history, but was an integral part of the wider "philosophy of nature".
Nicolaus Steno on solutes and solvents in time-related structural changes of muscles, fossils, landscapes and crystals, his galilean heritage
Authors: Kardel Troels
Published: June 2021

In Part One of the Specimen of Elements of Myology, a book in three parts published in Florence 1667, Nicolaus Steno described the changes taking place between muscle relaxation and contraction in a two-stage geometrical model based on anatomical observations in man and animals. The ‘new myology’ was rejected by G.A. Borelli in 1680 and outright ridiculed by J. Bernoulli in 1694. The anatomical correctness and predictive value was rightfully acknowledged only towards the Millennium. In Part Two, the Canis …, Steno gave a detailed anatomical description of a giant shark’s head with focus on the likeness of its teeth and the so-called tongue stones, or “glossopetrae”, dug from the ground. Steno conjectured that remnants from sharks living in the past had become fossils due to chemical processes through interaction with the surrounding sediments at the bottom of the sea, presuming that the finding areas had been sea-covered. From studies in Part Three of reproductive organs in mammals, viviparous ray-fish and shark, he concluded that the so-called female testicles in women and mammals are analogous with ovaries of oviparous animals and should therefore be named accordingly. Two years later in the Prodromus De Solido intra Solidum, Steno described the transformation over time of sedimentary landscapes in Tuscany, and how crystals grow by accretion to the surface of entities derived from limpid sea-water or freshwater in caves. These are studies of time-related transformations of solids in organic and inorganic materials. However, such processes could not be documented by visual observation, since changes go too quickly in muscles, in the case of the landscapes because the transformations took place in the past. Thus, Steno and contemporaries put forward hypotheses on such hidden processes that were only gradually corroborated when fitting into a cluster of evidence. His considerations on crystal growth may have been triggered by an interest as a physician to know how saliva, gall and kidney stones are formed. Likewise, considerations on sharks’ replacement of their teeth could extend knowledge on dentition to bring a better cure for those who complain of being toothless. He emphasized the importance of mathematical methods to describe processes in the human body and cited from Galileo, Discourse on Bodies in Water (1612), in which physics outweighs Aristotelian rules to explain the interaction of solids and solvents. Likewise, Steno’s ‘New Myology’ was a showdown against an Aristotelean physical dogma from Physics VII: everything which moves is moved by another, which excluded fibre shortening in muscles and blinded researchers on muscle contraction for generations after Steno.
Steno and the rock cycle
Authors: Cutler Alan H.
Published: June 2021

Geologists categorize the basic types of rock according to their origin – igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic -- rather than by their physical properties. This is expressed dynamically by the fundamental concept of the rock cycle, which describes how the basic rock types are derived from one another within the Earth system as a result of ongoing cyclic geologic processes.  In Nicolaus Steno’s published geological work, particularly De Solido, he takes a similar approach, outlining how a substance can be examined “to disclose the place and manner of its production”. Steno also recognizes the roles of erosion, transport, and deposition in the production of sedimentary strata from pre-existing earth materials. His description and diagrams of the geological evolution of Tuscany also show a clear cyclicity of process. While the modern concept of the rock cycle did not emerge until the 19th century, Steno’s work contains key elements of this important concept.
ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ Й ТЕРМІНУ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МОДУЛІВ І ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ СТАНЦІЙ
Authors: Пундєв В.О. , Шевчук В.І. , Шейко І.О.
Published: June 2021

Кожна складна енергетична система, до яких можна також віднести й фотоелектричні станції (ФЕС), впродовж всього терміну експлуатації, починаючи від будівництва і до його закінчення, піддаються дії різноманітних чинників, які впливають як на сам термін експлуатації станції, так і на ефективність її роботи.
Зниження ефективності (ККД) та скорочення терміну експлуатації фотоелектричних станцій залежить від впливу кліматичних умов (коливань температури навколишнього середовища, атмосферних опадів тощо) в районі розташування станції, від незворотних фізичних процесів, що відбуваються в елементах конструкції ФЕС та її основних вузлах, від якості виготовлення окремих складових станції, від людського фактора – некваліфікованого обслугового персоналу. Деякі з вищеперерахованих факторів впливу на роботу ФЕС можна об’єднати в окрему групу під загальним терміном – старіння, або деградація. Найбільше часова деградація позначається на основній складовій кожної ФЕС – фотоелектричних модулях (ФЕМ).
Автори в цій публікації поставили собі за мету виявити, систематизувати за різними критеріями та дослідити найбільш масові й типові види деградації ФЕМ, які зазвичай мають місце. Проведено аналіз та теоретичне обґрунтування причин їх появи, наслідків та шляхів подолання, а також шляхів запобігання їм.
Крім того, в роботі пропонуються варіанти розв’язання визначених проблем окремих видів виходу з ладу ФЕМ шляхом зміни й удосконалення схемних та конструктивно-технологічних рішень за умови проєктування ФЕС і також варіанти доопрацювання ФЕМ, що входять до складу ФЕС.
Рішення, що пропонуються, дозволять підвищити ефективність і надійність експлуатації ФЕМ та ФЕС в цілому.
Бібл. 10, рис. 5.
ПОРІВНЯННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ АСИНХРОННИХ ТА СИНХРОННИХ ЕЛЕКТРОГЕНЕРАТОРІВ ЗІ ЗБУДЖЕННЯМ ВІД ПОСТІЙНИХ МАГНІТІВ ДЛЯ ВІТРОУСТАНОВОК
Authors: Перминов Ю.М. , Марченко Н.В , Перминова С.Ю.
Published: June 2021

У статті на основі характеристик деяких вітрових зон України [1] та швидкості вітру, яка застосовується при проєктуванні в Україні й за кордоном, проведено порівняння основних параметрів вітроустановок різних конструкцій, які мають найбільше застосування. Для цього за певним алгоритмом [2–7] був розрахований ряд синхронних генераторів потужністю від 600 до 3600 кВт з урахуванням потужності машин, які випускаються ТОВ «Завод крупних електричних машин» (м. Каховка, Україна). Показана також конструкція генераторів цього заводу після заміни в них асинхронних двигунів на синхронні двигуни зі збудженням від постійних магнітів. Визначено перспективність використання постійних магнітів в системах збудження синхронних генераторів.
Відзначено, що при такому підході до створення синхронних електрогенераторів для вітроустановок потрібне обов'язкове застосування мультиплікаторів для забезпечення частоти обертання, яка відповідає частоті обертання вихідного двигуна. Другою умовою є відповідність індукції в робочому зазорі не нижче 0,7–0,8 Тл. Для цього необхідне використання магнітів типу NdFeB, що відрізняються високою питомою енергією та дають змогу спростити конструкцію, усунути втрати на збудження, які притаманні генераторам з електромагнітним збудженням, підвищити ККД і надійність генераторів.
Застосування мультиплікаторів вимагає їх обов'язкового регулярного обслуговування і знижує надійність електроагрегату. У зв'язку з цим була розглянута оригінальна конструкція безредукторного генератора зі збудженням від постійних магнітів. Особливість цієї конструкції генератора полягає у відсутності ярма статора та мультиплікатора, а також корпусу генератора.
Корпусом генератора є шихтований пакет статора, і в цілому генератор являє собою модуль у складі головки вітроустановки, що дозволяє істотно зменшити його масу. В статті обґрунтовано доцільність застосування безкорпусної модульної конструкції вітроустановки зі збудженням від постійних магнітів без мультиплікатора та проведено порівняння параметрів вітроустановок зазначених конструкцій. Бібл. 9, табл. 4, рис. 3.
АНАЛІЗ НОРМАТИВНИХ ВИМОГ ЩОДО РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЇ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РЕСУРСІВ ТА ГІДРОТЕХНІЧНИХ СПОРУД МАЛОЇ ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ ДЛЯ ОБ'ЄКТІВ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ
Authors: Вербовий А.П.
Published: June 2021

В наш час відновлення інтересу до малої гідроенергетики викликано невпинним зростанням тарифів на електроенергію, скороченням будівництва великих гідро- та гідроакумулювальних станцій (ГЕС, ГАЕС), значним підвищенням цін на органічне паливо та наявністю малоефективних дизельних електростанцій у віддалених населених пунктах. Подальший розвиток малої гідроенергетики неможливий без скоординованої державою схеми розміщення малих ГЕС, розробки процедур землевідведення, дозволів на спеціальне водокористування, налагодження співпраці з громадськими організаціями екологічного та природоохоронного спрямування, оновлення нормативної бази. Чинна нормативна база не сприяє розвитку малої гідроенергетики, оскільки для виконання проєкту малих ГЕС (ГАЕС) необхідно затвердити таку саму кількість нормативної документації та висвітлити ті самі питання, що й для будівництва великої ГЕС (ГАЕС). Реформування потребує існуюча нормативно-технічна база проєктування, будівництва та експлуатації ГЕС та ГАЕС. У статті розглянуто й проаналізовано такі нормативні документи: Водний кодекс України, Правила влаштування електроустановок, галузеві керівні документи (34.20.507-2003. Технічна експлуатація електричних станцій і мереж. Правила. 34.03.106-2003. Безпека гідротехнічних споруд і гідротехнічного обладнання електростанцій України. Положення про галузеву систему нагляду). Розглянуто основні положення, щодо проєктування, будівництва та експлуатації ГЕС; регулювання правових відносин з метою забезпечення збереження, науково обґрунтованого раціонального використання вод для потреб населення і галузей економіки, відтворення водних ресурсів, охорони вод від забруднення, засмічення та вичерпання, запобігання шкідливим діям вод та ліквідації їх наслідків, поліпшення стану водних об'єктів, а також охорони прав підприємств, установ, організацій і громадян на водокористування. Аналіз полегшує процедуру розгляду і моніторингу законодавчої бази, сприяє підвищенню ефективності роботи експертів, інженерів, науковців, а також якості прийнятих законів у цілому. Бібл. 13.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ СХЕМИ ГЕОТЕС НА ГЕОТЕРМАЛЬНИХ РОДОВИЩАХ З АНОМАЛЬНО ВИСОКИМ ПЛАСТОВИМ ТИСКОМ
Authors: Морозов Ю.П. , Дубовський С.В.
Published: June 2021

Представлені результати термодинамічного та гідравлічного моделювання технологічних варіантів виробництва електричної енергії в геотермальному циркуляційному контурі з використанням теплової, механічної та хімічної енергії флюїду геотермальних родовищ з аномально високим пластовим тиском (АВПТ). Геотермальні поклади такого типу зустрічаються на глибинах до 4000 м і характеризуються позитивною температурною аномалією, що визначає перспективність їх використання у геотермальній енергетиці. Однак використання покладів АВПТ ускладнює високий тиск флюїду на поверхні, що зумовлює підвищену металоємність наземного обладнання та потенційну небезпеку для оточення внаслідок можливої розгерметизації. Які базову модель прийнято бінарну ГеоТЕС на органічному циклі Рєнкіна під повним тиском геотермального флюїду. Заразом, з метою зниження металоємності та попередження наслідків аварійних ситуацій, розглянуто технологічні схеми ГеоТЕС з попереднім зниженням тиску за допомогою турбіни Пелтона із відділенням та використанням розчиненого метану для виробництва електричної й теплової енергії у газопоршневій когенераційній установці. Порівняльні розрахунки технологічних схем проводились за даними геотермального родовища АВПТ Мостицька, Україна, з температурою до 140 оС, пластовим тиском 500 бар і вмістом розчиненого метану 1 м3/м3 на глибині 3600 м. Наведено результати математичного моделювання гідродинаміки та теплообміну руху флюїду в свердловинах, процесів зниження тиску в турбіні Пелтона, видалення та використання розчиненого метану в когенераційній установці, термодинамічного розрахунку паротурбінного циклу ГеоТЕС, які дозволили провести порівняння базового й альтернативних варіантів технологічних схем за рівнем електричної й теплової потужності. Одержані дані призначені для подальшого використання у техніко-економічному зіставленні розглянутих технологічних схем. Бібл. 10,  табл. 6.,  рис. 4.
Helping Adolescents Exposed to Dangers: A Support Experience in Cameroonian Schools
Authors: Mireille NDJE NDJE
Published: June 2021

Adolescent problems constantly evolve due to societal and demographic factors and the changes taking place in adolescents. Supporting adolescents in schools is an enriching and fulfilling experience. This complex work allows us to see not only the wealth of skills, diverse perspectives, resilience and motivation adolescents display during their schooling process, but also the difficulties they encounter in the process. From 2008/2009 to 2017/2018 academic year (10 years), 2,916 students from form one to upper six in a college in Cameroon, with various requests was supported. Adolescents were supported by intruding into their psychic, school and family worlds, to understand the influence of the events that they experience on their learning. With the help of clinical interviews and educational talks, they were able to overcome several challenges facing them at home and in their social environment at school, a different social system in which they must navigate to find their feet. Adolescents can suffer from parental disaffection, anxiety, poor family interactions, adolescent crisis, and even socio-economic precariousness of parents, violence, loss, bereavement and sometimes mental imbalance. The main difficulties are due to family dysfunction. Psychoeducation, helping relationship, counselling and psychotherapy were the means by which the adolescents were helped to regain their self-confidence, and have a sense of security in school, to find their way despite the daily family dysfunctions.
Impact of Early Initiation of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Yang Jihyun , Lim Sung Yoon , Ahn Shin Young , Ko Gang-Ji , Oh Se Won , Kim Myung Gyu , Cho Won Yong , Jo Sang Kyung
Published: June 2021

Background: Although continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become the most commonly used modality for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), the optimal timing of initiation remains controversial. CRRT is usually initiated when conventional indications of AKI arise; however, preemptive therapy may be beneficial. We evaluated the prevalence of preemptive and conventional CRRT initiation in critically ill patients and compared the associated 90-day mortality and renal recovery.
Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 2 tertiary centers between 2014 and 2017. Patients were divided into preemptive and conventional groups according to CRRT indications at the time of initiation. The primary clinical outcomes were 90-day mortality and renal recovery. Renal recovery was defined as a creatinine clearance of ≥15 mL/min and no need for renal replacement therapy for an additional 90 days.
Results: Patients with preemptive initiation showed higher diastolic blood pressure, higher bicarbonate level, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower initial 6-h urine output at the time of initiation. More required simultaneous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This group showed a significantly lower 90-day mortality and higher renal recovery rate. In multivariate analysis, late initiation of CRRT remained an independent risk factor for increased 90-day mortality and lack of renal recovery in survivors.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that early preemptive CRRT initiation is associated with significantly lower 90-day mortality and higher renal recovery. Additional large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the optimal timing of therapy.
Remaking Science Teaching: Border Crossing Between Home and School
Authors: Seiki Sumer , Domínguez Daniela , Asato Jolynn
Published: June 2021

In this case study, we explore ways to prepare preservice teachers to translate theory into practice and make science curriculum accessible through familial curriculum. Using her “Family Science Lesson Planning” assignment sequence, Sumer taught preservice teachers the theory of transformative curriculum making (Seiki, 2016), and guided them to recognize, articulate, and translate their own familial curriculum into science lessons. As a result, the three participant preservice teachers’ own histories and familial knowledge were repositioned and valued alongside science. Our findings show how to use science curriculum and instruction to border cross between home and school, thereby making science more accessible.
Middle Years Teachers’ Critical Literacy Practices as Cornerstones of Their Culturally Relevant Pedagogies
Authors: Murray-Orr Anne , Mitton Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Critical literacy is widely accepted as an important element of culturally relevant pedagogy. In this article, we detail results of a study into how six teachers in rural Eastern Canada purposefully incorporated critical literacy into teaching and learning activities in their classrooms from a culturally relevant pedagogical stance. Findings highlight teachers’ intentional planning that embeds critical literacy, critical literacy in the wider community, and use of multimodal practices in teaching for critical literacy. The critical literacy practices of these teachers reflect their thinking about knowledge and knowledge construction as one key aspect of their culturally relevant pedagogy.
Unlocking Creativity: 6-Part Story Method as an Imaginative Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Linds Warren , Jhunjhunwala Tejaswinee , Nadarajah Linthuja , Starnino Antonio , Vettraino Elinor
Published: June 2021

This article emerges from an approach to transformative learning where students are challenged to explore taken-for-granted assumptions about their experiences in the world. We outline the 6-Part Story Method (6PSM), which uses abstract images to provide a structured storytelling process that enables reflexive learning. This is documented through conversations between a university teacher and three Masters students about the method used in their course on practical ethics in process consulting. Using individual stories that emerged from a common set of cards, we illustrate how the method enabled us to critically explore our practices as teacher and student consultants.