bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of Drug Abuse In Youth: Case of Mid-Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Pathak Dhanush Chandra , Pokharel Binod
Published: April 2018

Drug abuse is one of the serious social problems in Nepal and elsewhere for a long time. Drug abuse has several effects over the human life. Burgeoning unemployment, broken family, crime, depression, love failure, formation of peer group, mass media are major problems faced by the youth of the country. This paper explores the causes of drug abuse among youth in Mid-Western Region of Nepal. Quantitative research method was used to draw the data from 252 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents of different rehabilitation center of Surkhet, Banke and Dang District. Data were analyzed by using chi-square statistical tools. Drug causes have covered the psychological, peer pressure, school/ college, socio cultural and mass media causes of drug abuse. Among them, majority respondent responded causes of drug abuse is bad relationship with family, to feel relax, failed in exam and films stars and idols which are shown on television.
Association between the Level of Aspiration and Achievement of Students of Secondary Level
Authors: Poudel Tek Narayan , Maharjan Ram Krishna
Published: April 2018

Aspiration levels play an important role in everyday decision making. In practice, however, decisions are not based on an aspiration level alone. The aspiration level and the overall probabilities of success and failure may receive special attention, but subjects will not be completely insensitive to difference within the classes of gains and losses. Aspirations have a significant impact on pupil attainment net of family background and other individual factors, but their effect is reduced when examining pupil progression. Some students, particularly from low-income or first-generation backgrounds, in spite of having high aspirations fail to meet their goals to attend college. Aspiration is a strong desire to achieve something in life. Every people they want to be successful man in life, they want famous, popular in society, so aspiration has vague meaning and sense. In this research student of Nepal they have high aspiration in life. Some of they want social worker, doctor, pilot engineer, great motivator and great leader in future. The study was conducted among the 511 students of grade ten students of three districts of Nepal.
The Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Maternal and Neonatal Outcome of Induction of Labour among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospital, Bangalore, India
Authors: Shrestha Rina
Published: April 2018

Background of the study Induction of labour is the stimulation of uterine contraction priority to the onset of spontaneous labour. It is an obstetrics intervention that should be used when elective birth will be beneficial to mother and baby. It means initiation of uterine contractions by any method (medical, surgical or combined) for the purpose of vaginal delivery.ObjectivesTo assess the existing knowledge of staff nurses regarding maternal and neonatal outcome of induction of labour.To evaluate the effectiveness of self instructional module regarding maternal & neonatal outcome of induction of labour among staff nurses.To associate pre-test knowledge of staff nurses regarding maternal and neonatal outcome of induction of labour with their selected demographic variables.Methods A Pre experimental design (one group pre and post test design) was conducted at ESI Hospital, Bangalore, 60 samples, non-probability convenient sampling technique, structured questionnaire were developed and validated by experts; the reliability that is test retest method was used, administered self instructional module and conducted post test. The Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Major findings of the studyMajority of staff nurses attained were 31-35 years age (37%) had GNM education (83%). About 39% of subjects had above 6 years experiences. SIM is effective in improving staff nurses knowledge regarding maternal and neonatal outcome of induction of labour. (P< 0.05). A significant association was found between knowledge of staff nurses with demographic variables such as age, religion, marital status, educational qualification, total years experiences, monthly income, and previous sources of information.Interpretation and conclusion The findings revealed that the improvement Mean score of all level of knowledge of staff nurses between pre test and post test was 13.75% with ‘t’ test value was 12.88, which was highly significant at p< 0.05. Hence, it is inferred that there is significant increase in the knowledge level of the staff nurses regarding maternal and neonatal outcome of induction of labour after used of Self Instructional Module.
A Study on Extent of Counseling by Hospital Pharmacists
Authors: Thapa Raj Kumar , Joshi Isha , Thapa Prakriti , Bajracharya Nashreen , Neupane Joshika , Thapa Sushma , Dhakal Sita , Acharya Trishna
Published: April 2018

Pharmacists can improve adherence to drug therapy in order to help patients participate in their own health care decision. The study aimed to observe the problems faced during dispensing and counseling. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two different hospitals of Nepal. ASHP (American Society of Health-System Pharmacy) 1997 and USP (The United States Pharmacopoeia) 1997 guidelines were used to ensure the completeness of the contents of the counseling. The extent of counseling fulfilled by the pharmacists was observed and recorded. Collected data was compiled, managed and analysed using SPSS and MS Excel. Counseling was observed in total 400 cases (200 from each hospital). It was found that complete information from the guidelines was not provided in both the hospitals. Hospital pharmacists of urban region had provided maximum 5 categories of drug information while it was 6 in sub-urban region out of 14 categories given by USP and 16 categories given by ASHP guidelines. Besides this, none of them had received any counseling regarding precaution, side effects/adverse effects, interactions, contraindication, sensitivity and storage of the medications. Further, it was found that poly-pharmacy, language, lack of qualified personnel in pharmacy, inadequate time, lack of space in the pharmacy were some of the barriers to counseling found in the study. The minimum requirements of the guidelines were met in both the hospitals. However, the safety aspects of drug information were not provided to the patients. Prioritizing the safe and effective use of medicines should be the first consideration of the pharmacists.
The Use of Dialogue Journals in an ESL Writing Class from Vygotskyan Perspective
Authors: Rana Lal Bahadur
Published: April 2018

Dialogue journal writing is a way of communicating with the learners through constant written communication over a specified period. Since the teachers who use the dialogue journals do not require their students to be grammatically accurate in their expressions while they are writing journals, the students build their self-confidence. Consequently, they can increase their writing fluency, which ultimately leads to not only the development of writing but also overall language proficiency of the language they are learning. More importantly, it develops learners’ theoretical thinking as they are involved in dialogic discussions through written interactive communications. It is because as per Vygotskyan theory of human development human beings are constantly engaged in interpersonal as well as intrapersonal communications, which expand learners’ zones of proximal development.Journal of NELTA Surkhet Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 1-14
The Effectiveness of Recorded Materials in EFL Class
Authors: Bastola Laxmi Prasad
Published: April 2018

In the era of globalization, it is very necessary to know about the recorded materials while teaching English as a second language. It is needless to say that the recorded materials are the boon of science and technology which has made easier the formal learning process. Till now many English teacher has been ignoring the power of recorded materials in language teaching specially, in the secondary level of school. Obviously, English language teaching is difficult in the context of Nepal but those materials related to recorded make the classroom more lively. As a result the learning becomes the easier process. This paper concludes that the recorded materials are very useful to develop the listening comprehension of the learners of Secondary Level School.Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 49-55
Role of the Literature in ELT Course of Mid-Western University
Authors: Bist Resham Bahadur
Published: April 2018

This article identifies the role of literature course included in B.Ed. English Curriculum of Mid-Western University for the promotion of language skills and areas. It begins with the general introduction of literary course either it supports to EFL/ESL context. The research questions and objectives are set to examine the role of literature course in ELT classroom. Then it is closely observed literature contents in B.Ed. English curriculum. It is discussed via self-inspection and reflection of my own experience. It reaches in conclusion that literary texts provide rich linguistic input and effective stimuli for students to express themselves, and a potential source of learner motivation. These texts also provide an opportunity for multi-sensorial classroom experiences and can appeal to learners with different learning style. The students can promote their creativity and language proficiency in ESL/EFL context of ELT classroom. Therefore, it is essential to design the literary texts in ELT course to promote both the language skills (i.e. listening, speaking, reading, and writing) and language areas (i.e. vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciations).Journal of NELTA Surkhet, Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 56-64
Global Language: Status, Scope and Challenges
Authors: Bohara Lal Bahadur
Published: April 2018

The world becomes shareable, narrow, familiar, and accessible for all since we have a common language (English) despite having culture, tradition, territory and idiosyncratic variation. Because of its commonness, it is accepted as an international, global, foreign/ second language or as a lingua-franca among thousands of diverse language speakers. It becomes the global language since its form is cozily perceptible and scope is being open-ended in nature. Having its scope unlimited, the status is automatically broadened and the positional value will be transformable from fewer to more, lesser- users to frequent, foreign to second language, etc. As the status and scope of English growing up, the opportunities and challenges have been raised as well. In the forms of opportunities, people are liable to get better jobs, quality education, and international identity and so on. In contrary, challenges oppose the regular development of it which may result minimizing the status and scope sooner than later. Whatever the situation, English language is stepping forward rather than pushing back.Journal of NELTA Surkhet,  Vol. 5 January, 2018
Action Research on Improving Students' Speaking Proficiency in Using Cooperative Storytelling Strategy
Authors: Sharma Dhani Ram
Published: April 2018

Speaking is the first way to interact with others in the social community. Furthermore, the success in learning a language at first can be seen from the ability of the learner’s speaking. However, it is very hard for the second language learners to speak the foreign language, especially English. There are a lot of reasons why they get difficulties in speaking, such as lack of ideas to tell, lack of vocabularies to express the ideas, lack of the exposure to speak, and lack of the interesting teaching method or technique that can motivate them to speak. Thus, this research applied Cooperative Storytelling Strategy to Improve Students' Speaking proficiency of the students of grade 11in Nepal Rastriya Chandraganga Secondary School, Gagretal, Surkhet. This research was a collaborative classroom action research whose main purpose was to know whether or not storytelling strategy could improve the students’ speaking skill. Meanwhile, the specific purposes consisted of describing: (1) To implement storytelling strategy in 11th graders students at our School to improve their speaking skill. (2)To enhance their confidence in speaking skill and create fluency in speaking. The data of this research were got from the observations done by Story telling contest and Speaking test. The result showed that there was an improvement on students’ speaking proficiency after the implementation of storytelling strategy. The speaking test result in cycle two explained that the students’ speaking aspects got good progress. Storytelling improved their comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Thus, it can be said that storytelling strategy could improve students’ speaking skill.Journal of NELTA Surkhet,  Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 97-105
Globalization as Politics of Neo-Colonization: Teaching English language in Higher Education in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Raj Kumar
Published: April 2018

This article briefly discusses colonial history as background knowledge and then tries to define globalization covering some of the issues of globalization. Through defining and covering some issues regarding globalization, it enters into the issue of neo-colonization. After that, it gives a brief glimpse that how the teaching English language in higher education of Non-western has blended the politics of Neo-colonization.Journal of NELTA Surkhet,  Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 106-112
A Book Review: New Directions, Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking
Authors: Khatri Dipendra Kumar
Published: April 2018

This article presents the review of the book that is prescribed for the Bachelor level course. The purpose of the particular review of the book is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the selected book. It is started with the general background of the writer of the book. Then, the objectives, contents are reviewed with other general features. Finally, it was found that maximum contents are selected from the Western World. So, it was concluded to include the texts from the Eastern World and add more pictures to develop critical thinking among the readers.Journal of NELTA Surkhet,  Vol. 5 January, 2018, Page: 113-117
High-grade meningiomas: biology and implications
Authors: Bi Wenya Linda , Prabhu Vikram C. , Dunn Ian F.
Published: April 2018

The epochal developments in the treatment of meningioma—microsurgery, skull base techniques, and radiation therapy—will be appended to include the rational application of targeted and immune therapeutics, previously ill-fitting concepts for a tumor that has traditionally been a regarded as a surgical disease. The genomic and immunological architecture of these tumors continues to be defined in ever-greater detail. Grade I meningiomas are driven by NF2 alterations or mutations in AKT1, SMO, TRAF7, PIK3CA, KLF4, POLR2A, SUFU, and SMARCB1. Higher-grade tumors, however, are driven nearly exclusively by NF2/chr22 loss and are marked by infrequent targetable mutations, although they may harbor a greater mutation burden overall. TERT mutations may be more common in tumors that progress in histological grade; SMARCE1 alteration has become a signature of the clear cell subtype; and BAP1 in rhabdoid variants may confer sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition. Compared with grade I meningiomas, the most prominent alteration in grade II and III meningiomas is a significant increase in chromosomal gains and losses, or copy number alterations, which may have behavioral implications. Furthermore, integrated genomic analyses suggest phenotypic subgrouping by methylation profile and a specific role for PRC2 complex activation. Lastly, there exists a complex phylogenetic relationship among recurrent high-grade tumors, which continues to underscore a role for the most traditional therapy in our arsenal: surgery.
Safe maximal resection of primary cavernous sinus meningiomas via a minimal anterior and posterior combined transpetrosal approach
Authors: Morisako Hiroki , Goto Takeo , Ohata Hiroki , Goudihalli Sachin Ranganatha , Shirosaka Keisuke , Ohata Kenji
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Meningiomas arising from the cavernous sinus (CS) continue to be a significant technical challenge, and resection continues to carry a relatively higher risk of neurological morbidity in patients with these lesions because of the tumor’s proximity to neurovascular structures. The authors report the surgical outcomes of 9 patients with primary CS meningiomas (CSMs) that were surgically treated using a minimal anterior and posterior combined (MAPC) transpetrosal approach, and they emphasize the usefulness of the approach.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 9 patients who underwent surgery for CSM treatment between 2015 and 2016 via the MAPC transpetrosal approach. Two patients were men and 7 were women, with a mean age of 58.5 years (39–72 years). Five patients (55.5%) had undergone previous treatment. The surgical technique consisted of a temporo-occipito-suboccipital craniotomy and exposure of the posterolateral part of the CS via the presigmoidal MAPC approach. After opening Meckel’s cave and identifying the 3rd–5th cranial nerves in the prepontine cistern, Parkinson’s triangle and supratrochlear triangles were opened. Finally, the tumor occupying the posterolateral part of the CS was removed.

RESULTS

All lesions were safely and maximally removed, with preservation of external ocular movements and preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale scores. The mean extent of resection was 77.0% (range 58.7%–95.4%). Six patients underwent adjuvant therapy in the form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) during the follow-up period; none of these patients experienced recurrence.

CONCLUSION

The authors conclude that the MAPC transpetrosal approach could be superior to other approaches for CSMs, as it provides direct visual access to the posterolateral portion of the CS. In their experience, this approach is an alternative and better option for safe maximal resection of CSMs.
Surgical management of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas encasing major cerebral arteries
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Lemoine Emile , Bojanowski Michel W.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Sphenoid wing meningiomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable surgical risks and prognosis. Those that have grown to a very large size, encasing the major cerebral arteries, are associated with a high risk of stroke. In reviewing the authors’ series of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas, the goal was to evaluate how the extent of the tumor’s invasion of surrounding structures affected the ability to safely remove the tumor and restore function.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective study of a series of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas operated on between 1996 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were meningiomas with a globoid component ≥ 6 cm, encasing at least 1 major intradural cerebral artery. Extent of resection was measured according to Simpson grade.

RESULTS

This series included 12 patients, with a mean age of 59 years. Visual symptoms were the most common clinical presentation. There was complete or partial encasement of all 3 major cerebral arteries except for 3 cases in which only the anterior cerebral artery was not involved. The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus was invaded in 8 cases (67%) and the optic canal in 6 (50%). Complete resection was achieved in 2 cases (Simpson grades 2 and 3). In the remaining 10 cases of partial resection (Simpson grade 4), radical removal (> 90%) was achieved in 7 cases (70%). In the immediate postoperative period, there were no deaths. Four of 9 patients with visual deficits improved, while the 5 others remained unchanged. Two patients experienced transient neurological deficits. Other than an asymptomatic lacuna of the internal capsule, there were no ischemic lesions following surgery. Tumor recurrence occurred in 5 patients, between 24 and 168 months (mean 61 months) following surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Although these giant lesions encasing major cerebral arteries are particularly treacherous for surgery, this series demonstrates that it is possible to safely achieve radical removal and at times even gross-total resection. However, the risk of recurrence remains high and larger studies are needed to see if and how improvement can be achieved, whether in surgical technique or technological advances, and by determining the timing and modality of adjuvant radiation therapy.
Transbasal versus endoscopic endonasal versus combined approaches for olfactory groove meningiomas: importance of approach selection
Authors: Liu James K. , Silva Nicole A. , Sevak Ilesha A. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

There has been much debate regarding the optimal surgical approach for resecting olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). In this paper, the authors analyzed the factors involved in approach selection and reviewed the surgical outcomes in a series of OGMs.

METHODS

A retrospective review of 28 consecutive OGMs from a prospective database was conducted. Each tumor was treated via one of 3 approaches: transbasal approach (n = 15), pure endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA; n = 5), and combined (endoscope-assisted) transbasal-EEA (n = 8).

RESULTS

The mean tumor volume was greatest in the transbasal (92.02 cm3) and combined (101.15 cm3) groups. Both groups had significant lateral dural extension over the orbits (transbasal 73.3%, p < 0.001; combined 100%), while the transbasal group had the most cerebral edema (73.3%, p < 0.001) and vascular involvement (66.7%, p < 0.001), and the least presence of a cortical cuff (33.3%, p = 0.019). All tumors in the combined group were recurrent tumors that invaded into the sinonasal cavity. The purely EEA group had the smallest mean tumor volume (33.33 cm3), all with a cortical cuff and no lateral dural extension. Gross-total resection was achieved in 80% of transbasal, 100% of EEA, and 62.5% of combined cases. Near-total resection (> 95%) was achieved in 20% of transbasal and 37.5% of combined cases, all due to tumor adherence to the critical neurovascular structures. The rate of CSF leakage was 0% in the transbasal and combined groups, and there was 1 leak in the EEA group (20%), resulting in an overall CSF leakage rate of 3.6%. Olfaction was preserved in 66.7% in the transbasal group. There was no significant difference in length of stay or 30-day readmission rate between the 3 groups. The mean modified Rankin Scale score was 0.79 after the transbasal approach, 2.0 after EEA, and 2.4 after the combined approach (p = 0.0604). The mean follow-up was 14.5 months (range 1–76 months).

CONCLUSIONS

The transbasal approach provided the best clinical outcomes with the lowest rate of complications for large tumors (> 40 mm) and for smaller tumors (< 40 mm) with intact olfaction. The role of EEA appears to be limited to smaller, appropriately selected tumors in which olfaction is already absent. EEA also plays an important adjunctive role when combined with the transbasal approach for recurrent OGMs invading the sinonasal cavity. Careful patient selection using an individualized, tailored strategy is important to optimize surgical outcomes.
Multivariate risk factor analysis and literature review of postoperative deterioration in Karnofsky Performance Scale score in elderly patients with skull base meningioma
Authors: Kolakshyapati Manish , Ikawa Fusao , Abiko Masaru , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Takeda Masaaki , Kurisu Kaoru , _ _
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Elderly patients are particularly at risk for severe morbidity following surgery. Among the various risk factors, age and skull base location of meningioma are known to be poor prognostic factors in meningioma surgery. The authors conducted this study to analyze significant preoperative risk factors in elderly patients with skull base meningioma.

METHODS

A total of 265 elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) with meningioma were surgically treated at the authors’ institute and affiliated hospitals between 2000 and 2016, and these cases were reviewed. Among them, 57 patients with skull base meningioma were evaluated. Among the various risk factors, the authors analyzed age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and tumor size, location, and pathology. Body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin were investigated as the frailty factors. The authors also reviewed 11 surgical studies of elderly patients ≥ 60 years old with meningioma.

RESULTS

The mean age was 72.4 ± 5.7 years, and 42 patients were female (73.6%). The mean size of meningioma was 36.6 ± 14.8 mm at the maximum diameter, and the mean follow-up period was 31.1 ± 31.5 months. (The continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD.) Histopathological investigation revealed a higher incidence (71.9%) of WHO Grade I. The rates of deterioration after surgery, at 3 months, and at 1 year were 33.3%, 37.3%, and 39.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed location, preoperative KPS score, BMI level 2, and serum albumin level (p = 0.010, 0.017, 0.0012, and 0.0019, respectively) to be poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that location (p = 0.038) and BMI (p = 0.035) were risk factors for KPS score deterioration immediately after surgery. According to the 11 papers reviewed, the median rate (25th–75th percentile) of skull base–related location was 43.5% (39.6–47.75); for asymptomatic status the mean was 24%; and for mortality at 3 months and 1 year the medians were 6.3% (0.7–7.1) and 8% (4.8–9.4), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Careful preoperative assessment based on the frailty concept was essential for better outcome in elderly patients with skull base meningioma. The BMI is appropriate as a quantitative factor for measure of frailty, particularly in elderly individuals with skull base meningioma. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate frailty as a preoperative risk factor. Not only patient selection but also surgical timing was an important factor.
Relationship between tumor location, size, and WHO grade in meningioma
Authors: Magill Stephen T. , Young Jacob S. , Chae Ricky , Aghi Manish K. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , McDermott Michael W.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Prior studies have investigated preoperative risk factors for meningioma; however, no association has been shown between meningioma tumor size and tumor grade. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between tumor size and grade in a large single-center study of patients undergoing meningioma resection.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing meningioma resection at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1985 and 2015 was performed. Patients with incomplete information, spinal meningiomas, multiple meningiomas, or WHO grade III meningiomas were excluded. The largest tumor dimension was used as a surrogate for tumor size. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between tumor grade and tumor size. A recursive partitioning analysis was performed to identify groups at higher risk for atypical (WHO grade II) meningioma.

RESULTS

Of the 1113 patients identified, 905 (81%) had a WHO grade I tumor and in 208 (19%) the tumors were WHO grade II. The median largest tumor dimension was 3.6 cm (range 0.2–13 cm). Tumors were distributed as follows: skull base (n = 573, 51%), convexity/falx/parasagittal (n = 431, 39%), and other (n = 109, 10%). On univariate regression, larger tumor size (p < 0.001), convexity/falx/parasagittal location (p < 0.001), and male sex (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of WHO grade II pathology. After controlling for interactions, multivariate regression found male sex (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.25–2.43), size 3–6 cm (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.08–2.66), size > 6 cm (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.53–5.94), and convexity/falx/parasagittal location (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.19–2.82) to be significantly associated with WHO grade II. Recursive partitioning analysis identified male patients with tumors > 3 cm as a high-risk group (32%) for WHO grade II meningioma.

CONCLUSIONS

Larger tumor size is associated with a greater likelihood of a meningioma being WHO grade II, independent of tumor location and male sex, which are known risk factors.
Medical management of meningioma in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Gupta Saksham , Bi Wenya Linda , Dunn Ian F.
Published: April 2018

Surgery is curative for most meningiomas, but a minority of these tumors recur and progress after resection. Initial trials of medical therapies for meningioma utilized nonspecific cytotoxic chemotherapies. The presence of hormone receptors on meningioma ushered in trials of hormone-mimicking agents. While these trials expanded clinical understanding of meningioma, they ultimately had limited efficacy in managing aggressive lesions. Subsequent detection of misregulated proteins and genomic aberrancies motivated the study of therapies targeting specific biological disturbances observed in meningioma. These advances led to trials of targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies, as well as combinations of these agents together with chemotherapies. Prospective trials currently recruiting participants are testing a diverse range of medical therapies for meningioma, and some studies now require the presence of a specific protein alteration or genetic mutation as an inclusion criterion. Increasing understanding of the unique and heterogeneous nature of meningiomas will continue to spur the development of novel medical therapies for the arsenal against aggressive tumors.
A Novel Manganese Complex with Mixed Ligands: Preparation, Structure, Photoluminescent and Semiconductive Properties
Authors: Xu Ya-Ping , Chen Wen-Tong , Yi Cai , Huang Jian-Gen , Zhang Ding-Wa , Wang Yin-Feng
Published: April 2018

A manganese complex with mixed ligands, [Mn(2,2′-biim)2(4,4′-bipy)] n[Mn(2,2′-biim)3]2 n6 n(ClO4)•8 nH2O (2,2′-biim = 2,2′-biimidazole; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), has been obtained by a hydrothermal procedure and its structure determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A two-dimensional (2-D) supramolecular layer is established through hydrogen-bonding interactions. Solid-state photoluminescence measurement reveals that this complex shows a blue light emission. Solid-state diffuse reflectance determination uncovers the presence of a narrow optical band gap of 2.18 eV in this complex.
A Facile Synthesis of 3β,25-dihydroxy-5α-Cholest-7-ene, the Precursor to HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Authors: Jin Can , Liao Zhibing , Sun Bin , Xu Tengwei
Published: April 2018

An efficient four-step procedure is described for the synthesis of 3β,25-dihydroxy-5α-cholest-7-ene from 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholesta-7,24-diene in an overall yield of 34%. This product can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The 3β-toluene- p-sulfonate ester of 5α-cholesta-7,24-diene was obtained from natural lanolin followed by treatment with toluene- p-sulfonyl chloride. The key step in the synthesis is a very mild method for the hydroxybromination of this ester with N-bromosuccinimide in water, followed by reduction with LiAlH4 to obtain the 3β-toluene- p-sulfonate ester of 25-hydroxy-5α-cholesta-7-ene. The final product was obtained after desulfonation of 3β-toluene- p-sulfonyoxy-25-hydroxy-5α-cholesta-7-ene to afford 3β,25-dihydroxy-5α-cholest-7-ene in excellent yield. The reagents are all relatively cheap, non-toxic and stable.
Performance Appraisal System for Intern doctors in Selected Medical college hospitals of Bangladesh Current situation
Authors: Rahim Riffat , Ara Iffat , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Alam Kazi Khairul
Published: April 2018

Background: Formal assessment could ensure all junior doctors receive feedback about their performance in the workplace early in their career, essential for professional development. Aim: . This study was aimed to analyze the situation of performance appraisal system of intern doctors in different medical college hospitals of Bangladesh.Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at 9 medical college hospitals(4 govt. and 5 non govt.) for a period of one year(July2016-June 2017) among 52 teachers and 445 intern doctors. Convenience sampling technique was administered. Data were collected by using self administered semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 19.0 software.Results: The study revealed that the medical college hospitals under this study had mostly satisfactory internship training facilities. About 56% interns responded negatively about the utilization of logbook in each major discipline rotation. Around 54% of them responded negatively about the practice of performance appraisal system in their institute About 42.3% of teachers were not satisfied with the current practice of performance appraisal system of interns in their institute. However 27.5% teachers said that they arranged assessment always and 27.5% said that most of the time they arranged assessment for interns. About 35.5% interns blamed lack of interest of teachers about assessment of interns but 40% of teachers said work overload is the most important among the barriers in implementing appraisal system for interns. Around 42.1% interns suggested that existing logbook should be properly used and 48.9% of them suggested that the entire training should be under close supervision of the supervisors. Majority of the teachers were in favor of assessing interns on regular work along with formal assessment, they suggested regular morning session, ward round and bedside teaching should be ensured for the improvement of the standard of training.Conclusions: Proper utilization of logbook, successful implementation of performance appraisal system with feedback, active monitoring committee for the interns were recommended by the study.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.9(1) 2018: 14-17
Views of the students of the selected non-government medical colleges of Bangladesh regarding community based medical education (CBME) practice in their institutes
Authors: Asaduzzaman AKM , Nargis Tahmina , Banu Sharmin , Kamal Md Khalid Ibne
Published: April 2018

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, objective was to find out the views of the students of 3rd phase of non-government medical colleges regarding the community based medical education practice in their colleges. Data was collected from 507 students of 12 medical colleges by using self-administered structured questionnaires. Among the students 223 were from the Dhaka city and 284 from outside the Dhaka city. Almost 90 percent of the students mentioned that their institutes conducted RFST and Day Visit programe, and duration of Residential Field Site Training (RFST) programe ranges from 1-30 days with mean 9.45 and SD ± 6.34. Most of the students mentioned that they did not stay night in the community. About sixty percent of the students were satisfied with the RFST programe . During RFST programme most of the students 387 (77.7) visited upazila health complex, and 296 (59.4) participated in the conduction of survey. Most of the students visited institute of public health, EPI head quarter and MCH centre or clinic during Day visit programme. Most of them mentioned problems faced in RFST programme as: lack of transport support; lack own accommodation facilities; lack of security; and lack of cooperation from the authority of the different organizations. Suggestions given by the students for the further improvement of the practice of CBME programme in their institutes were mainly : realization of importance of CBME by college authority , teachers and students; College authority should be well motivated for conducting the CBME programme activities in their institute; College authority should build dormitories for the permanent solution of the residential problems and College authority should have the required amount of transport for this activities.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.9(1) 2018: 21-25
A Brief Guideline on Writing Research paper
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashif
Published: April 2018

Abstract not availableUpdate Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 01-03
Evaluation of Pain and Tenderness in Endodontic Treatment of Deciduous Teeth using (LSTR) 3-Mix MP therapy
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Moral Ali Asgor , Quader SM Abdul
Published: April 2018

Aim and objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of pain and tenderness in endodontic treatment of deciduous teeth using LSTR 3-MixMP therapy.Materials and method: The treatment was performed on selected 60 patients of 60 teeth which were divided into two groups; Group-A(n=30) and Group-B(n=30).In group-A patients were diagnosed initial pulpitis or reversible pulpitis (vital inflamed pulp) and in group-B patients were diagnosed as non-vital necrosed pulp with or without inter-radicular lesion. In both groups carious lesion and previ- ous restorative materials were removed and the cavity was prepared in such a way which was termed as “Medication cavity”. The cavity was cleaned and dried and then LSTR 3Mix MP therapy was placed at the orifice of root canals or on the bottom of the pulp chamber and then sealed with glass-ionomer cement and further reinforced with composite resin. Resolution of clinical signs and symptoms; pain and tenderness to percussion were evaluated at one week, one month, six months and one year inter- val.Result: In all cases clinical symptoms such as pain and tenderness to percussion disappeared after treatment in both groups but group B showed better clinical success. Finally all the cases were evalu- ated as successful.Conclusion: Based on the present study it can be concluded that endodontically involved deciduous teeth in both vital (inflamed) and non-vital teeth associated with pain and tenderness were treated successfully by LSTR 3-Mix MP therapy.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 09-14
Diagnosis of Phlebotomas Argentipes as a Vector for Visceral Leismaniasis by PCR in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md Zaforullah , Haq Jalal Uddin Asharful , Huq Farida , Shamsuzzaman SMA , Shamsuzzaman SM
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to diagnose sandfly as a vector of visceral leismaniasis by PCR in Bangladesh.  Place and period of study: The study was conducted in Fulbaria Upazilla of Mymensing District during 2001-2004.Materials & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, National Institude of Preventive and social medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka. DNA extraction from Sand Fly: All the procedure followed for DNA extraction from Bone marrow is same for sandfly except AL buffer where instead of AL buffer ATL buffer were added. The primers used are constructed from kDNA of L.  (L) donovani. DD8 strain to amplify a fragment of 354 bp in length.Results: PCR of extracted DNA from sandfly (P.argentipes) revealed 354 bp bands similar to buffy coat and bone mamow samples containing DNA of L. Donovani. This might be the first demonstration of L.donovani parasite in sand fly vector in Bangladesh.Conclusion: The present study shows that PCR is a good diagnostic tool for the demonstration of L.donovani parasite for the P.argentips sp in Bangladesh.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 15-18
The Role Of High Resolution Ultrasonography To Differentiate Between Benign And Malignant Cervical Lymph Nodes In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Asifur , Sultana Nasreen , Uddin Md Wares , Rahman Quazi Billur
Published: April 2018

Objectives:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography to differentiate between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials & Methods:The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BSMMU,Dhaka, Bangladesh, during a period of January -2010 to December - 2011. A total number of 41 patients with clinical evidence of palpable cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated with high resolution ultrasonography. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high resolutionultrasonography, the high resolution ultrasonography findings were compared and correlat- ed with histopathological examination after neck dissection.Results: All patients were pre-operatively examined by palpation and high resolution ultrasonography evaluation was done.Among them 41 study subjects, on high resolution ultrasonography evaluation 23(56.09%) lymph nodes were metastatic and 18(43.90%) lymph nodes were reactive. After postop- erative excisional histopathology examination 22(53.66%) lymph nodes were metastatic and 19(46.34%) lymph nodes were reactive in nature. Correlation of vascular flow pattern with histopatho- logical diagnosis showed that central flow for benign nodes, mixed & peripheral flow for malignant nodes were highly significant parameters (P<0.001). High resolution ultrasonography has specificity 78.94%, sensitivity 86.36% and diagnostic accuracy of the high resolution ultrasonography was 82.92%.Conclusion: High resolution ultrasonography can plays a definite role as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation of palpable cervical lymph nodes and proves its value as an important noninvasive investi- gation procedure for differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes in oral squa- mous cell carcinoma.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 19-27
Human Resource Management in Selected District Hospitals of Bangladesh- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Banik Shovon , Rubby Md Golam , Debnath Kala Chand , Shaon Farzana Tamanna Ummey , Tanaya Farhana Parveen , Tuni Chidananda Banik
Published: April 2018

Human resource management (HRM) is fundamental of any organization because of its utility. A cross-sectional was conducted from January to December, 2016 in two district hospitals named Gen- eral Hospital, Munshiganj and 100 Bedded District Hospital, Narsingdi with the objective to assess the status of HRM. Purposively 144 hospital staffs were selected and interviewed by using semi-struc- tured questionnaire and record review. The collected data were processed and analyzed meticulously with the help of SPSS (Version 21) software on the basis of different variables. The study revealed that the mean age was 36.6 ± 1.8 years, 71.5 % were clinical and nursing personnel, other category of respondents were support services and other personnel (22.2%), administrative personnel (6.3  %).Most (96.5 %) of the respondents were recruited by Government, after recruitment 52.1% hospital staffs mentioned scope of training facilities either work-based or instruction based exists in workplace,  63.9 % needed to be trained, 80.6% wished further career plan. Working environment found friendly by 39.6 % hospital staffs, where as average found by 50.0%. The recommendations for further improvement of HRM of their workplace was to increase training facilities by 31.9%, other recommen- dations were to increase manpower, improvement of monitoring and supervision. From this study some effort in the training, increase of manpower , performance appraisal can ensure better quality of service at district hospitals.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 28-32
Management of Chronic Gingivitis with localized periodontitis by Nonsurgical (Phase I) Periodontal Therapy- A Case Report
Authors: Khan Md Huzzatul Islam , Eka Sultana Akter , Iqbal Md Ashif
Published: April 2018

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues (periodontium) which surround and support the teeth, that results in attachment loss and alveolar bone destruction leads to ultimate tooth loss. It is caused by the bacteria present in dental plaque, which is a tenacious substance that forms on teeth and gingiva just after teeth are brushed. Periodontal treatment is aimed at controlling the infection in order to stop the progression of the disease and to be able to maintain a healthy periodontium. Mechanical debridement of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, together with adequate oral hygiene measures is the standard periodontal therapy. This mechanical subgingi- val biofilm debridement consists of an initial (nonsurgical /phase I) phase involving scaling and root planing (SRP) and the elimination of plaque retentive factors, followed by a surgical phase (if needed) including the elevation of a tissue flap and bone remodeling in further stages. The adjunct use of antibiotics has proven to additionally improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. A clinical case of a 40-years-old male patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis with localized gingival swell- ing was treated with nonsurgical (phase I) periodontal therapy that was confined to oral hygiene instruction (OHI), SRP with an adjunct antimicrobial regimen.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 33-37
On the syntactic status of I 'm sure
Authors: Kaatari Henrik
Published: April 2018

This study tests whether the syntactic status of the subject–adjective combination I’m/I am sure is similar to the subject–verb combination I think (i.e., whether it exhibits the same signs of grammaticalisation along two different parameters). More specifically, the study is concerned with the ability of I’m/I am sure to (i) occur in clause-medial and clause-final position, and with (ii) its preference for that-omission, by comparing the behaviour of I’m/I am sure with the results reported for I think in previous studies. The results show that I’m/I am sure behaves in a similar way to I think both in terms of its ability to occur in clause-medial and clause-final position, and in terms of its preference for that-omission. However, sure is both much less frequent than think in general, and is also proportionally less dominant among the class of adjectival predicates followed by that-clauses than think is among verbal predicates. This makes it difficult to argue that they have developed independently through the same frequency correlation. Instead, I argue that sure and think are part of the same grammaticalised constructional schema, and that the frequency of think could be seen to have an impact on the grammatical status of the parallel construction with sure.
‘He Didn't Even Know There Was a Dictatorship’: The Complicity of a Psychoanalyst with the Brazilian Military Regime
Authors: Mandelbaum Belinda , Rubin Aline , Frosh Stephen
Published: April 2018

The history of psychoanalysis in Brazil during the civilian–military dictatorship (1964–85) has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as an instance of institutional complicity with authoritarian rule. The case of Amílcar Lobo in Rio de Janeiro is now well known. However, there is less documentation of events in São Paulo, leading to a misrepresentation of the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo as having passed relatively unscathed through the dictatorial period. This paper confronts this misrepresentation by documenting the case of a psychoanalyst from São Paulo who was involved with the torture regime. A detailed account is presented of claims made to the authors about the actions of this psychoanalyst in relation to a political prisoner of the period, and some parallels are made with material in two published works by him. It is suggested that this particular psychoanalyst's behaviour reflects attitudes prevalent in the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo at the time, including its support for the view that political resistance was a sign of psychological ‘immaturity’ or pathology.