bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of copper corrosion in acidic medium using pinostrobin
Authors: Wati Rosita , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Asnawati Dina , Hermanto Dhony
Published: February 2020

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of copper was tested by the weight loss method in 1 M H2SO4 medium in the presence of pinostrobin as inhibitor. It shows that the addition of pinostrobin inhibitor reduce the corrosion rate. The nature of thermodynamic of pinostrobin adsorption on copper surfaces follows the Freundlich isotherm. The process of inhibition is endothermic, spontaneous and physisorption. It is proved by the Ea, Î”H and Î”S and Î”G values in which the thermodynamic studies show that the values of Ea < 80 kJ.mol-1, âˆ†H positive, âˆ†S positive, and Î”G < -20 kJ.mol-1.
Benzimidazole corrosion inhibition performance: A DFT Study
Authors: Wajdi Farid , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Sumarlan Iwan
Published: February 2020

The corrosion inhibition performance of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied by density functional theory DFT in aqueous medium. For this investigation, the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the protonated and non-protonated spesies of benzimidazole and its derivatives were investigated. The ionization potential of the inhibitors has a strong influence on the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors. The linear correlation was shown between electronic properties and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Electron donating substituents increase the corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas electron withdrawing substituents give the opposite effect. The NH2 substituent contributes highest, whereas NO2 provides the weakest contribution to the corrosion inhibition efficiency for both non-protonated and protonated species of inhibitors.
Analisis Kandungan Merkuri pada Krim Pemutih Ilegal di Kecamatan Pasar Kota Jambi menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA)
Authors: Rahman Havizur , Wilantika Ilmavia , Latief Madyawati
Published: February 2020

Merkuri merupakan logam beracun yang dapat menimbulkan efek serius pada kesehatan meskipun pada konsentrasi yang sangat kecil. Dicurigai ada kandungan merkuri pada kosmetik krim pemutih illegal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan dan mengetahui kadar merkuri pada krim pemutih merek X. Sampel krim pemutih X dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sebanyak 2 g sampel dilarutkan dengan cara dekstruksi basah untuk menghilangkan zat-zat organik. Identifikasi merkuri menggunakan uji warna dengan reagen KI, HCl, dan NaOH, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) pada panjang gelombang 253,7 nm. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang direaksikan dengan pereaksi KI menghasilkan endapan merah orange, yang menunjukkan hasil positif adanya merkuri. Namun, dengan pereaksi NaOH dan HCl tidak menunjukkan hasil reaksi positif. Semua sampel teridentifikasi kandungan merkuri, dengan kadar masing-masing sampel 0,29; 0,289; 0,201; 0,179; 0,265; 0,263; 0,193; 0,194; 0,328; dan 0,304 ppm. Krim pemutih ilegal merek X positif mengandung merkuri dengan kadar merkuri rata-rata 0,251 ppm.
Formulasi Deodoran Spray dari Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) sebagai Antibakteri Penyebab Bau Badan (Staphylococcus epidermidis)
Authors: Oktaviana Mayang Ika , Pahalawati Irma Nur , Kurniasih Nofita Fitri , Genatrika Erza
Published: February 2020

Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan, lalapan, dan sayuran pelengkap. Tanaman ini masuk ke dalam famili Lamiaceae yang mengandung berbagai senyawa kimia, di antaranya fenol, saponin, alkaloida, flavonoid, tannin, dan minyak atsiri. Bau badan dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti, faktor genetik, kondisi kejiwaan, faktor makanan, faktor kegemukan dan bahan pakaian yang dipakai. Salah satu pemicu bau badan karena adanya infeksi bakteri yaitu bakteri Staphyloccous epidermidis. Bakteri ini menyebabkan bau badan karena menghasilkan asam isovalerat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan deodoran spray minyak atsiri daun kemangi, menguji sifat fisik sediaan deodoran spray, dan mengetahui formulasi yang efektif sebagai antibakteri S. epidermidis yang menyebabkan bau badan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun kemangi mengandung linalool (3,42%) yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Uji fisik dilakukan pada hari ke-0 (setelah pembuatan) dan ke-7 dengan hasil uji fisik sediaan secara organoleptis memiliki bau khas kemangi, berwarna keruh kekuningan, memiliki pH 4 yang kurang sesuai dengan pH kulit, dan mengalami kenaikan viskositas pada pemeriksaan hari ke-7. Hasil uji antibakteri dari formulasi 1, 2, dan 3 menunjukkan dayahambat berturut-turut 1,34; 13,22; dan 15,62 mm.
Deteksi Rhodamin B pada Saus Serta Cemaran Boraks dan Bakteri Salmonella sp. pada Cilok Jajanan Sekolah Dasar Kota Batam
Authors: Sammulia Suci Fitriani , Suhatri Netty , Raja Guk-Guk Hesti Chaterine
Published: February 2020

Makanan Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) belum tersentuh pengawasan yang ketat oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) sehingga secara kualitas tidak terpantau dengan baik sehingga perlu diwaspadai akan keamanan pangan seperti pada cilok, terutama pada jajanan Sekolah Dasar. Selain itu, cilok dijual dalam keadaan terbuka, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya cemaran oleh mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai sumber informasi ilmiah tentang deteksi rhodamin B dan boraks serta cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. pada cilok di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 5 sampel, 3 sampel (C, D, E) positif tercemar oleh Salmonella sp, untuk uji boraks dan rhodamin B menunjukkan bahwa kelima sampel negatif mengandung boraks dan rhodamin B, sehingga dapat disimpulkan dari kelima sampel yang paling aman untuk di komsumsi adalah cilok sampel A dan B.
Pengembangan Krim Pewarna Rambut Permanen Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) dan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L)
Authors: Effendy Erny Marleny , Taurhesia Shelly , Purba Anny Victor
Published: February 2020

Perubahan warna rambut menjadi putih pada usia lanjut sering kurang disukai. Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan pengembangan pewarna rambut dari ekstrak daun ketapang dan daun jambu biji. Ekstrak daun jambu biji mengandung pyrogallol yang berfungsi sebagai pembangkit warna dan ekstrak daun ketapang mengandung punicalagin sebagai polyphenol yang berfungsi sebagai pewarna. Kedua bahan ini diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim dengan tujuan memudahkan dalam pemakaian. Pada penelitian ini digunakan ekstrak daun jambu biji dengan konsentrasi 12,5% dan ekstrak daun ketapang dengan variasi konsentrasi 10; 12,5; dan 15%. Penambahan logam tembaga sulfat 1% (F5B) terhadap formula optimal menjadikan warna lebih tua. Pengujian warna pada pewarna rambut dengan penambahan logam menggunakan alat kromameter memberikan warna merah dengan nilai a (9,00) warna biru dengan nilai b (3,37) warna yang terrefleksi adalah coklat tua, sedangkan pewarna rambut tanpa penambahan logam memberikan warna merah dengan nilai a (7,36), warna biru dengan nilai b (16,96) warna yang terrefleksikan adalah coklat muda. Hasil uji keamanan menggunakan tiga ekor kelinci dengan metode uji iritasi akut dermal dengan indek iritasi nol (0) dinyatakan aman serta tidak mengiritasi.
Identifikasi Kualitas Beras Putih (Oryza sativa L.) Berdasarkan Kandungan Amilosa dan Amilopektin di Pasar Tradisional dan “Selepan” Kota Salatiga
Authors: Sari Andriyani Rosita , Martono Yohanes , Rondonuwu Ferdy Semuel
Published: February 2020

Kualitas beras dapat dipengaruhi dari karakteristik kimiawi yang berbeda seperti kandungan amilosa dan atau amilopektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi kualitas beras berdasarkan kandungan amilosa dan amilopektin pada berbagai varietas beras putih di pasar tradisional dan “selepan” daerah Kota Salatiga dan sekitarnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 530nm dan 630nm. Perbedaan rata-rata kandungan amilosa dan amilopektin antar varietas diuji menggunakan RAL dengan metode ANOVA satu arah dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, kandungan amilosa dalam varietas IR64 (27,40-28,64%), GH (26,39-28,48%), MW (22,84-27,52%;), PW (18,94-23,57%), dan Umbul (27,21-28,02%). Kandungan amilopektin pada varietas IR64 (59,57-60,06%), GH (56,72-63,52%), MW (53,64-61,63%), PW (54,67-62,43%), dan Umbul (53,41-57,98%). Berdasarkan uji ANOVA, kandungan amilosa pada varietas PW “selepan” kandungan amilosa paling rendah dibandingkan dengan di pasar tradisional dan varietas lainnya. Kandungan amilosa yang rendah akan meningkatkan kriteria kepulenan nasinya. Kandungan amilopektin tertinggi terdapat pada varietas beras GH “selepan”.
Storie della Biennale di Venezia
Authors: Portinari Stefania , Stringa Nico
Published: February 2020

Atlante delle biennali intende essere un portolano per attraversare la storia e il presente di mostre che diventano epicentri di incontro e confronto anche tra nazioni e identità, che come mappe complesse e mesmerizzanti segnalano molteplici prospettive e punti cardinali. Uno sguardo widestream sul sistema dell’arte inizia puntando il periscopio su delle nuove Storie della Biennale di Venezia: rivelando altri intrecci di questa istituzione, ma interpretando pure le sorprendenti rotte che percorrono i padiglioni, in un gioco combinatorio che conduce verso avventure curatoriali e sorprendenti immaginari.
Le donne artiste alla Biennale d’arte di Venezia
Le scultrici e le prime edizioni (1895-1912)
Authors: Coidessa Clarissa
Published: February 2020

This study on the theme of female participation at Venice Biennale from 1895 to 1995 contains data that allow us to outline the history of their participation, also in comparison of the male one. In order to limit the number of the analised artists and in order to carry out a more in-depth analysis, the first ten editions of Venice Biennale (1895-1912) were chosen: for this reason, the sculpture sector was also preferred as case study. A specific situation of the Venetian exhibition has been discovered. The artistic training of some sculptors and the study of art history made it possible to understand the role of women.
Gli artisti veneziani alla Biennale (1895-1905)
Organizzatori ed espositori: l’antinomia dei ruoli
Authors: Ferrarin Matilde
Published: February 2020

Venice Biennale, created by the will and the organizational skills of the Venetian artists, was actually managed exclusively by Antonio Fradeletto. The new figure of the “General Secretary” has distinguished for the first time the role of artists, interrupting the tradition of ‘self-rule’ of painters and sculptors used to managing any artistic event. This essay analyses this important moment of transition, reporting events that took place in its administration during the first years of the Biennale. Through magazines periodicals of the time we report the critical fortune that these works of art had in the local and national press, in an attempt to verify if the creators of the Biennale succeeded in the difficult task of emerging and getting noticed in such a vast and international artistic context.
I pittori veneti alle ‘Biennali di Pallucchini’ (1948-1956)
Le partecipazioni e la ricezione della stampa
Authors: Rampazzo Elisa
Published: February 2020

Venice Biennale was created to magnify this wonderful city also through the encreasing of arts, so a participation of painters born or living in the Veneto region – who originally ‘invented’, with politicians and intellectuals, the Biennale – at the beginning was always considerable. This essay focuses on the analysis of their presence at the Biennale between 1948 and 1956, when Rodolfo Pallucchini was General Secretary of the institution. It is examined through a statistical method that allows a more complete view of this mapping. Another topic is the reception on the press, that highlights the diatribe between artists and critics.
Il gioco di nessuno
La forma biennale tra Venezia e Parigi nella fotografia del dopoguerra fino agli anni Ottanta
Authors: Dolzani Francesca
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to start mapping the trajectories of artistic dispositives, exhibiting formats and reciprocal cultural influences across Europe since its economic and political foundation in the 1950s, and up until the 1980s. Lines are drawn between Venice and Paris, two of the most visually identified cities on the continent, to explore the contribution given by photography and Biennales towards a European self-representation.
«What kind of dirt do you need?»
Da San Diego e Tijuana a Venezia: Border Art oltre i confini
Authors: Masala Andrea
Published: February 2020

Only one year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in 1990, another border could be observed at the Aperto section of the Venice Biennale. It was the work Colón Colonizado – Tutto è Mio – ¿De Quién? by the Border Art Workshop/Tallér de Arte Fronterizo (BAW/TAF), a binational collective of artists from the San Diego-Tijuana border region. The project corresponds to the first landing of Border Art overseas, but also to the dissolution of the BAW/TAF. The work is therefore subject and conductor of the essay. Its site-specificity aspects are deepened in relationship to the Biennale’s exhibition context. The analysis of this case study will present the Venice Biennial as a key moment and a stage for the transformation of the border space from geographical-territorial to mental and conceptual.
Dak’Art. Biennale de l'Arte Africain Contemporain
Authors: Pattaro Chiara
Published: February 2020

Dak’Art, the Dakar Biennale of Art was devised in Senegal in 1989 as the Biennale de Dakar des Arts et des Lettres but – after an edition committed only to literatures, the Biennale des Lettres in 1990 – was achieved in 1992 as the Biennale Internationale des Arts de Dakar. Its creation is influenced by Leopold Sedar Senghor’s ideas: between 1960 and 1980, he was the first President of Independent Senegal and was always a passionate promoter of African art and culture. Under his government the nation developed a flourishing cultural context that will later lead to the birth of Dak’Art which, from its second edition in 1992, is exclusively dedicated to visual arts. This essay describes history, management and organization of its editions, until 2014, analysing some artists and artworks as case histories. The study identifies therefore the characteristics of a Biennale that is purposefully Pan-African, committed to giving visibility and prominence to African contemporary art, which is still poorly represented in the international art system.
L’Argentina alla Biennale d’Arte di Venezia
Authors: Pepa Paola Natalia
Published: February 2020

The presence of Argentinian art at Venice Biennale was hosted for the first time in 1901, and then in 1903 and 1922. Argentina, not owning a building at the Giardini venue, showed its artists in the Central Pavilion, in collective or solo exhibitions, since when in 1972 the Argentinian artists took part at the newly founded Latin American Pavilion. In 2011 an arrangement was set to give it a space – finally the Argentina Pavilion – in the Sale d’Armi at the Arsenale. Other important presences were for instance, Lucio Fontana, Nicolás Garcia Uriburu, Oscar Bony and León Ferrari, who was awarded as Best Artist in Biennale during 2007. In conclusion, a comparison is carried out between some significant examples in the lagoon event, up to the most recent participants of last years.
Oltre l’Adriatico
La partecipazione albanese all’Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte di Venezia
Authors: Fochessati Margherita
Published: February 2020

Albania joined the International Art Exhibition in Venice only in 2005, twenty years later the collapse of the communist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha. The building of a democratic state had consequences also on the expressive research of several artists who had to face a substantial change of their working environment. At the beginning of XXI century the artistic and cultural heritage of Socialist Realism was still the only relevant cultural reference for the construction of a new Albanian cultural identity. Reflecting on the troubled past of the their nation the new generation of artists focused their research on a intimate and personal elaboration concerned the current improvement of the Albanian society. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the role that the Venice Biennale has been in the realization of the new Albanian artistic scene as landmark for the European and international contemporary cultural tendencies. All the exhibition settled in the Albanian Pavillion since 2005 reveal the different approaches to the national past and to the new cultural identity of the artist that have represented the Balkan country at the Venice Biennale during the last fifteen years.
La tradizione manoscritta delle epigrafi latine di Tarentum
Authors: Gallo Annarosa
Published: February 2020

Manuscripts with texts of Tarantine inscriptions date back to the 15th and 17th centuries and contain transcriptions by foreign and local scholars. The oldest manuscript containing Tarentine inscriptions is the Marucellian Code A 79 1, followed by the Vat. lat. 6039, 5237, 5241. In particular, the Vat. lat. 5241 preserves a trace of A. Paglia’s research on the impulse of Aldo Manuzio the Younger. However, also local scholars dealt with Latin inscriptions in their works: among these we note Giovanni Giovine and Ambrogio Merodio. Merodio’s transcriptions were inadvertently used by Mommsen, through the work of the Abbot Pacichelli. Most of the few inscriptions reproduced in the manuscript tradition (eight epitaphs and two honorary dedications) are now lost and were originally found in churches where they had been reused as spolia.
Tradizione giurisprudenziale manoscritta dei Digesta e tabulae ceratae da Londinium: TLond. 55 e 57
Authors: Nasti Fara
Published: February 2020

The comparison between the texts of the Roman jurists (which we know in a fragmentary way thanks to Justinian’s Digesta) and the records of specific cases helps us to better understand some aspects of the formation of Roman law. In these pages, I discuss two tabulae ceratae found at Londinium and edited by Tomlin in 2016. Concerning TLond. 55 – already studied by Camodeca and Nasti in 2017 – a better comparison is offered between its formula of stipulatio, which appears in the text (curari... dari), and the one included in two passages by the Roman jurist Labeo (D. 12.1.42.1; D. 45.1.67.1). With regards to TLond. 57, I provide here a first tentative interpretation. The document seems to be related to the trial and to the procedural representation.
Falsari piemontesi del XVI secolo
Authors: Giorcelli Silvia
Published: February 2020

During the 16th century, the practice of erroneous transcription and falsification of Roman inscriptions was originated in Piedmont by humanists, scholars and collectors, about whom little surviving information exists. This essay seeks to gather it systematically. A leading figure in this process was Emanuele F. Pingone, who, at the service of Duke Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, produced encomiastic works for the glory of the Duke and for the history of Turin, resorting to legends, miracles and ancient inscriptions; also elsewhere in Piedmont, such as at Asti and Vercelli, numerous falsae were produced, and were later easily unmasked by Lugi Bruzza, Carlo Promis and Theodor Mommsen, for the editing of the CIL V (1877). Transcriptions made by scholars and collectors in the 16th century are often the only evidence for epigraphic documents, that are now lost.
Mariangelo Accursio and Pirro Ligorio
Authors: Gregori Gian Luca , Papini Alessandro
Published: February 2020

This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of two epigraphic forgeries transcribed by Pirro Ligorio under the lemma “Accursia” in his Enciclopedia del mondo antico: CIL VI 990* and CIL VI 991*. In particular, we make an attempt to identify the genuine inscriptions that might have provided Ligorio with the necessary inspiration to compose these two forgeries and to shed new light on the curious choice of the nomen ‘Accursius’, which appears in both texts.
ANALISIS TREND PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN KOMODITI KEDELAI INDONESIA
Authors: Junianto Rizky , Patiung Markus , Koesriwulandari Koesriwulandari
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yangberpengaruh terhadap penawaran kedelai di Indonesia. 2) Untuk mengetahuifaktor – faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap permintaan kedelai di Indonesia. 3)Untuk memprediksi penawaran dan permintaan kedelai di Indonesia 32 tahunkedepan.Data yang digunakan ini adalah data Sekunder adalah data yang telahdikumpulkan oleh lembaga riset dan dipublikasikan kepada pengguna data. Datasekunder berasal dari situs internet, laporan penelitian, jurnal, dan data-data yangdiperoleh dari lembaga terkait seperti Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Pengelolahandata menggunakan nalisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan SPSS.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Faktor – faktor yang berpengaruhsignificant secara simultan terhadap penawaran kedelai di Indonesia adalah hargakedelai domestik, harga kedelai impor, harga jagung, luas lahan, dan kurs,sedangkan secara parsial faktor yang berpengaruh significant terhadap penawarankedelai adalah harga kedelai domestik dan luas lahan. Faktor – faktor yangberpengaruh significant secara simultan terhadap permintaan kedelai di Indonesiaadalah harga kedelai domestik, harga kedelai impor, harga jagung, tingkatpendapatan penduduk, dan jumlah penduduk, sedangkan secara parsial faktoryang berpengaruh significant terhadap permintaan kedelai adalah tingkatpendapatan dan jumlah penduduk. Prediksi permintaan dan penawaran kedelai diIndonesia selama 12 tahun kedepan mengalami penurunan tiap tahunnya hinggatahun 2031. Pada tahun 2031 angka penawaran dan permintaan memilikikesamaan data.Kata kunci : Analisis Trend, Penawaran dan Permintaan, Kedelai Indonesia.
B cell lyphoma mimicking rheumatoid arthritis, a case report
Authors: Cosatti Micaela Ana , Pisoni C N , Altuve J L , Llorent C
Published: February 2020

Non Hodking´s lymphoma (NHL) may involve bones but synovial involvement is uncommon. We describe a patient who presented with polyarthritis, sicca symptoms and rash suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis. An atypical skin rash prompted skin and synovial biopsies. A diagnosis of synovial and skin malignant large B-cell lymphoma anaplastic subtype was performed. Chemotherapy with dexamethasone, vincristine and rituximab was started. Following treatment the patient had complete resolution of cutaneous and articular lymphoma manifestations.
Exploring the Changes in Teaching Strategies Enabled by Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Ranjan
Published: February 2020

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in now a day plays a very strategic role in thetransforming phase of education. Thus government also taking many initiatives and tried to integrateICT to teaching learning process like the introduction of ICT@School Scheme. But the problem lies inits effective use in classroom. Is teacher being competent enough in use of ICT in classroom, whatare the some of the changes teachers are making when they used ICT tools with their students inthe classroom and how strategies are changing, what contributes to the change, and what is thechange in classroom dynamics and traditional time structures? These were the few issues whichaddressed in the present study. For this purpose, a qualitative approach with an interview study wasadopted for the study. Further, it delimited to Cuttack district of Odisha and ten secondary schoolsand total thirty teachers, three from each school was selected as its sample by using purposivesampling method. The investigator makes classroom observation, extensive field notes and interviewwith the respondents for collection of data. The collected data was analyzed by thematic descriptionrelated to foregoing issues with specific reference to the four key themes: the changing role of theteacher, classroom dynamics, teacher predictions of ICT in school and the concept of the classroom.The findings of the study revealed that the ICT in the classroom influenced the process of learningand in order to integrate ICT effectively, teachers are adopting different teaching strategies. Furtherit has also been revealed that they need drill for the power shift in the classroom because oftenstudents had more knowledge of ICT than them. The findings also revealed that the dynamic of theclassroom was also changing due to ICT. Finally, the teachers needed time to learn about thetechnology and to understand how to integrate ICT into the curriculum.
Enhancing the Social Problem Solving Skill by Implementing the Social Inquiry Learning Model in Primary School
Authors: Widodo Slamet , Anang Darmawan Achmad
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted on the basis of skills that must be mastered by students still limited to the low-level thinking. It was because the learning process conducted not to develop and to improve the skill of solving the problem. The purpose of this study was to describe the increase in the socialproblem-solving skills of students. The method of the research was class action research with instruments of the observation sheet, test and questionnaire sheet.There are 24 students of the 5th graders of elementary as the subjects of this research. The data analysis techniques were quantitative and qualitative descriptions. The conclusion of the research was that the social inquiry learning model could improve social problem-solving skills students. In the learning activity, the teacher was the facilitator by observing , guiding, and assesing the student's activities in solving the problem.  The activities of the students in solving the students were defining the problems, finding the alternative in solving the problems, choosing the most appropriate way, predicting the solution and evaluating. After the lesson was over, the students were happy and giving positive response because they were involved directly in solving the problems.
Development of Core Clinical Learning Competencies for Australian Exercise Physiology Students
Authors: Raymond Jacqueline , Sealey Rebecca , Naumann Fiona , Rooney Kieron , English Timothy , Barry Ben , Groeller Herb
Published: February 2020

Background: Clinical placements and assessment are an essential part of education to become a health professional. However, quality assessment in a clinical environment is challenging without a clear representation of what constitutes competence. The aim of this study was to establish core clinical learning competencies for Australian exercise physiology students.

Methods: This study used a mixed-methods, multiphase approach. The competencies were developed following electronic surveys and focus groups, with additional refinement provided by the project team. Preliminary validation was conducted via electronic survey where (i) participants rated the importance of each unit of competency for entry-level practice, and (ii) participants who had recently graduated (n = 23) rated the extent to which they perceived they were competent in each unit.

Results: The competencies are described as 19 elements organized into 6 units. The units are (i) communication, (ii) professionalism, (iii) assessment and interpretation, (iv) planning and delivery of an exercise and/or physical activity intervention, (v) lifestyle modification, and (vi) risk management. Of 126 survey participants, the majority (93%–98%) considered each unit as being important for entry-level practice. The majority (78%–95%) of recent graduates considered themselves competent in each unit, suggesting the competencies are articulated around the level of a new practitioner.

Conclusion: The core clinical learning competencies resulted from an extensive, iterative process involving those with expertise in the area. The competencies have a range of applications, including informing the development of a student placement assessment tool for use in a clinical placement environment.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMURIDAN TERHADAP REMAJA DI JEMAAT C.K BAU KLASIS MAKALE SELATAN
Authors: Padang Maya Poni
Published: February 2020

Pemuridan merupakan salah satu proses yang dapat membuat orang Kristen mengalami kedewasaan rohani. Pemuridan Yesus adalah suatu bentuk pelatihan yang dilakukan secara struktur, pelan-pelan namun menghasilkan utusan-utusan yang siap diutus pada ladang-ladang pelayanan. Remaja adalah manusia yang sedang berubah dengan cepat, tetapi mereka bukan orang dewasa. Perubahan pada diri remaja tidak hanya meliputi aspek fisik, tetapi juga aspek psikisnya. Dalam masa ini juga adalah masa mempelajari segala sesuatu untuk mempersiapkan diri ke masa depan seperti memelihara kesehatan fisik, mengembangkan intelektualitas dan bakat-bakat alamiah serta memperhatikan kebutuhan-kebutuhan spiritualnya menuju kedewasaan dan pergaulan hidup yang sempurna di dalam masyarakat oleh karena itu mereka butuh pembimbingan.
Human Listeners’ Perception of Behavioural Context and Core Affect Dimensions in Chimpanzee Vocalizations
Authors: Kamiloglu Roza Gizem , Slocombe Katie , Haun Daniel , Sauter Disa
Published: February 2020

Vocalisations linked to emotional states are partly conserved among phylogenetically related species. This continuity may allow humans to accurately infer affective information from vocalisations produced by chimpanzees. In two pre-registered experiments, we examine human listeners’ ability to infer behavioural contexts (e.g., discovering food) and core affect dimensions (arousal and valence) from 155 vocalisations produced by 66 chimpanzees in 10 different positive and negative contexts at high, medium, or low arousal levels. In Experiment 1, listeners (n = 310), categorised the vocalisations in a forced-choice task with 10 response options, and rated arousal and valence. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 3120) matched vocalisations to production contexts using Yes/No response options. The results show that listeners were accurate at matching vocalisations of most contexts in addition to inferring levels of arousal and valence. Judgments were more accurate for negative as compared to positive vocalisations. An acoustic analysis demonstrated that, listeners made use of brightness and duration cues, and relied on noisiness in making context judgements, and pitch to infer core affect dimensions. Overall, the results suggest that human listeners can infer affective information from chimpanzee vocalisations beyond core affect dimensions, indicating phylogenetic continuity in the mapping of vocalisations to behavioural contexts.
Genomics functional analysis and drug screening of 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Long
Published: February 2020

A novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China has led to major outbreaks. In the present, rapid classification of viruses, analysis of genome and screening for effective drugs are the most important tasks. In the present study, through literature review, sequence alignment, ORF identiﬁcation, motif recognition, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, the whole genome of coronavirus were comprehensively analyzed. In order to find effective drugs, the parameters of binding were calculated by SeeSAR. In addition, potential miRNAs were predicted according to RNA base-pairing. After prediction by NCBI, WebMGA and GeneMark, a total of 8 credible ORFs were detected. Even the whole genome have great difference with other CoVs, each ORF has high homology with SARS-CoVs (＞90%). Furthermore, domain composition in each ORFs was also similar to SARS. In DrugBank database, only 7 potential drugs were screened based on sequence search module. Further predicted binding sites between drug and ORFs revealed that 2-(N-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid could bind 1# ORF in 4 different regions ideally. Meanwhile, 2 miRNAs (miR-1307-3p and miR-3613-5p) may be able to prevent virus replication or as biomarkers. In conclusion, the novel coronavirus may have consanguinity with SARS. Drugs used to treat SARS may also be effective against the novel virus. In addition, altering miRNA expression may become a potential therapeutic schedule.
Artificial Intelligence Perspective on Healthcare
Authors: Rayan Rehab A.
Published: February 2020

Progress in computational sciences for cleaning, sorting, combining, digging, visualizing and managing data along with technological advancements in medical devices have urged needs for further extensive and consistent approaches to discuss the common key issues in medicine and health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly obtained grounds in everyday living in the era of information technology, and it has now landed in healthcare. AI studies’ in healthcare are evolving swiftly. However, it could only be the start of observing how it will influence patient care. AI tries to simulate human cognitive capacities. It is carrying a transformation pattern to healthcare, strengthened by the escalating availability of clinical data and sped up advancement in analytics systems. Nonetheless, there is a similar doubt, including some pressing warnings at these elevated anticipations. This review examines the present state of AI applications in health, major developments in health AI, and the disparate consequences of health AI and offers some directions for institutions and caregivers utilizing AI techniques.
How do working memory, general anxiety and math anxiety affect female students’ math performance?
Authors: Korem Nachshon , Rubinsten Orly
Published: February 2020

Current evidence suggests that math anxiety and working memory govern math performance. However, these conclusions are largely based on simple correlations, without considering these variables as a network or examining correlations at the latent variables level. Thus, questions remain regarding the role of the unique and shared variance between math anxiety, working memory and math performance. The purpose of the current study was to (i) uncover the underlying relationships between the variables to understand the unique contribution of each element to the network; (ii) measure the shared variance and identify the interactions between affect and cognition that control math performance. Our analytical approach involved both network analysis approach and structural equation modeling, with a sample of 116 female students.Results show that math anxiety and working memory affect math performance by different mechanisms. Only working memory tests that included numeric information were correlated to math anxiety. Each of the various working memory tasks correlated differently to math performance: working memory as a single latent variable was a better predictor of math performance than visuospatial and verbal working memory as two separate latent variables. Overall, both working memory and math anxiety affect math performance. Working memory tasks that include numeric information can affect performance in math anxious individuals.
Assessment of Brain Drain and its Impact on the Sending Economy: A Case Study of Nepal
Authors: Silwal Apresha
Published: February 2020

The research attempts to examine the factors that lead the experts to leave the country. Using 160 respondents living abroad, the study investigates the relationship between brain drain and the sending economy i.e. Nepal. The study follows descriptive, co-relational and causal comparative research design to analyze the purpose of this study. The result reveals that people leave country mainly for the purpose of education, employment and skills but what makes them settle there is employment and skills, as both of them have significant impact on sending economy at 5 per cent level of significant. As people get better job offers, they start working abroad and when they realize their skills being enhanced, their chances of getting settled in foreign land increases. This means as long as they realize self-growth in the form of better jobs and good skills, they do not plan to come back.
Quarterly Earnings Announcement Effect on Stock Return and Trading Volume in Nepal
Authors: Dangol Jeetendra , Bhandari Ajay
Published: February 2020

The study examines the stock returns and trading volume reaction to quarterly earnings announcements using the event analysis methodology. Ten commercial banks with 313 earnings announcements are considered between the fiscal year 2010/11 and 2017/18. The observations are portioned into 225 earning-increased (good-news) sub-samples and 88 earning-decreased (bad-news) sub-samples. This paper finds that the Nepalese stock market is inefficient at a semi-strong level, but there is a strong linkage between quarterly earnings announcement and trading volume. Similarly, the study provides evidence of existence of information content hypothesis in the Nepalese stock market.
Evaluation of Results of Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion (ACDF) by Cervical Cage with Bone Graft for the Treatment of Single Level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Chowdhury R , Mishra D , Batajoo S , Shrestha M
Published: February 2020

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common spinal cord disorder that develops in elderly people. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) is an effective and reliable procedure for the treatment of CSM.

Objective: To find out the results of ACDF by cervical cage with bone graft for the treatment of single level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, over a period of two years from March 2015 to August 2017. Forty patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were diagnosed on the basis of presenting complains, clinical examination and investigations and were enrolled in this study. The history of the patients was collected, clinical examination was done and relevant investigations were done for each patient. In this study, Nurick grading and VAS scale were used for evaluation of the result.

Result: Male gender was predominant in this study; male-female ratio was 2.63:1. Mean age of the patients was 45.9 ± 9.1 years within the range of 30-65 years. Both sides were affected in 14 (35.0%) cases, only right side was affected in 15 (37.5%) cases and only left side was affected in 11 (27.5%) cases. Involved disc spaces were C3/4 (10.0%), C4/5 (22.5%), C5/6 (42.5%) and C6/7 (25.0%). Transientdysphagia was observed in 2 (5.0%), transient para paresis in 1 (2.5.0%), wound infection in 1(2.5.0%) case and damage to the dura was observed in 1 (2.5.0%) case. Signs of fusion were observed in 10 (25.0%) cases after 3 months, 30 (75.0%) cases after 6 months and in all patients after 12months. The result was found to be excellent in 35 (87.5%) and good in 5 (12.5%) cases.

Conclusion: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by cervical cage with bone graft is an effective procedure for management of CSM.
Mortality at Emergency Department of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Yadav AK , Rai BK , Jirel S , Gupta PP , Budhathoki SS , Malla GB
Published: February 2020

Background: The emergency department (E. D.) of any hospital is an important entry point of critically ill patients. The initial management of these patients is often challenging, and for valuable lives to be saved, the infrastructure and manpower should be up-to-date.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from previous medical record of emergency ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) from April 2015 to March2016. Total duration of study was one year. Data was extracted from medical records, entered in Mescal and analyzed with SPSS software.

Results: The mortality rate at the BPKIHS emergency ward was 1.05%. Their ages ranged from 10-91 years with 43% of deaths among age >60 years. There was a similar proportion of death among the males and females, with almost 90% of cases in the Australian Triage Score (ATS) 1 and 2, i.e. the most severe cases. Sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease were the common causes of death in BPKIHS emergency ward.

Conclusion: Mortality was high in ATS 1 and 2, i.e. severe cases of ED. There is a need for further exploration of the cases including the morbidity profiles at BPKIHS emergency ward. More studies are needed to come to a conclusion regarding the quality of care.
Dexamethasone Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy in Immunobullous Diseases: Our Experience
Authors: Parajuli S , Paudel U
Published: February 2020

Background: Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide (DC) pulse therapy seems to be emerging affordable modality of treatment in immunobullous disorders. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness of DC pulse therapy in immunobullous disease in our setting.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Dermatology of a tertiary referral centre by reviewing the medical records of all the patients of immunobullous diseases receiving DC pulse therapy from January 2010 through January 2014.

Results: There were a total of 10 patients of immunobullous disease receiving the therapy during above mentioned period (7- Pemphigus Vulgaris, 2- Pemhigus foliaceus, 1- Bullous Pemphigoid).There were 5 males and 5 females receiving the therapy, with the mean age of the diseased at presentation being 47.4 years. Out of 10 patients, 2 patients were lost to follow up after the 1st pulse. Out of 8 patients, 6 patients (75%) achieved clinical remission. The mean time to remission was 10.6months (Range: 3 months to 23 months). The major adverse effects seen during therapy were diabetes (50%) and leucopenia (20%).

Conclusions: DC pulse therapy seems to be effective treatment modality in the management ofimmunobullous disorder in our setting with good safety profile.
Clinical Profile on Keratoconus Presenting at A Tertiary Eye Care Centre- Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology
Authors: Rana Rachana Singh , Bajracharya Leena , Gurung Reeta
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Keratoconus (KC), is a bilateral, noninflammatory degenerative disease of the cornea which is characterized by progressive corneal ectasia and loss of visual function. The onset of KC is commonly seen at puberty and affects approximately 1 in 2000 in the general population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of keratoconus in the tertiary eye centre in Nepal.

Material and methods: It is a retrospective, hospital based, consecutive study from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 66 patients (114 eyes) were diagnosed cases of Keratoconus presented in Cornea clinic of Tilganga institute of Ophthalmology. Parameters investigated included patients’ demography, keratometric readings, visualacuity and manifest refraction. Classification of keratoconus was based on Amslern-Krumeich grading system (modified).

Results: The mean age of subjects was 18.73 (range: 10-65). Male/female distribution was 48 (72.7%) and 18 (27.3%) respectively. 48 (72.7%) had bilateral keratoconus and 18 (27.3%) were unilateral. Mean Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.80 (range: 0.01-1.00), mean visual acuity ( VA) with spectacle correction was 0.47 (range: 0.01-1.00). Mean spherical amount of refractive was –2.17 (range: −0.50 to −17.00D) and mean cylindrical amount of refraction was -2.85 (range: 0.00 to −6.00). Mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refraction was −4.26 (range: −0.50 to −22.50D). Mean flattest keratometric reading (K1) was 49.63 (range: 40.63-76.70D) and mean steepest keratometric reading (K2) was 53.14 (range: 41.63-73.21D). Mean average keratometric reading was 51.43 (range: 41.63-72.10D). Regarding disease severity, 35.68% of subjects were classified as mild keratoconus, 29.73% as moderate keratoconus, 9.73% as advance keratoconus, while 24.86% were found with the severestage of keratoconus. 78.9% of total eyes presented with minimum pachymetry of 401 to 500 mm.

Conclusion: Clinical profile of Nepalese keratoconus patients looks similar to that reported earlier worldwide. The condition was found to manifest at a younger age and was more common in males.
Epidemiology and clinical features of intraocular lymphoma in Singapore
Authors: Hah Yan Yee , Ho Su Ling , Teoh Stephen Charn Beng , Agrawal Rupesh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Intraocular lymphoma is rare. There are very few studies on intraocular lymphoma published from Asian countries.

Objective: To report our case series of intraocular lymphoma patients from a tertiary eye centre in Singapore.

Subjects and methods: Nine patients with intraocular lymphoma managed between January 2005 and December 2014 were identified from Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) database. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, investigations performed and outcomes recorded.

Results: There were almost equal distribution between males (four patients) and females (five patients) with mean age of presentation was 60.3 years. Five patients had bilateral involvement and vitreo-retina was the most common site of infiltration. All of our patients had central nervous system involvement although four of them had presented with ocular manifestations initially. Anterior chamber fluid cytology, as a less invasive alternative to vitreous analysis was proven to be useful. The time from ocular presentation to diagnosis of ocular lymphoma was variable; from one day to 18 months. Mortality in our study group was 55% with death occurring 1 month to 8 years from diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma.

Conclusion: Intraocular lymphoma is a masquerade syndrome that mimics chronicuveitis and poses a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis is often delayed and despite the eventual diagnosis, the disease prognosis is poor even with aggressive treatment.
Study on Incidence and Progression of Refractive Errors in Medical Students
Authors: Bussa Manjula , Ravi Babu G , Nehakamalini P
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To study the incidence and progression of refractive errors in medical students.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including 200 medical students of our college during the period of July 2015 to June 2018. Examination included visual acuity testing using Snellens chart, slit lamp biomicroscopy, fund us examination with direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope and refraction. Students were examined for refractive errors and findings compared with pre-admission data. Changes in spherical, cylindrical power analysed.

Results: Prevalence of Myopia increased from 40% to 48%. Incidence of new refractive errors in emmetropes was 8%. Myopic change found was -0.75D to -1.0D.

Conclusion: Students in medical colleges have high prevalence of myopia, high incidence of adult onset myopia and statistically significant progression. Parental history, prolonged eye strain, excessive use of electronic gadgets, decreased outdoor activity and urban background had significant association with prevalence of myopia.