bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Dispute Resolution in Two-Sided Platforms: The Case of Review Blackmail
Authors: Papanastasiou Yiangos , Yang S. Alex , Zhang Angela Huyue
Published: January 2023

We study the relative merits of different dispute resolution mechanisms in two-sided platforms in the context of disputes involving malicious reviews and blackmail. We develop a game-theoretic model of the strategic interactions between a seller and a (potentially malicious) consumer. In our model, the seller takes into account the impact of consumer reviews on his future earnings; recognizing this, a malicious consumer may attempt to blackmail the seller by purchasing the product, posting a negative review, and demanding ransom to remove it. Without a dispute resolution mechanism in place, the presence of malicious consumers in the market can lead to a significant decrease in seller profit, especially in settings characterized by high uncertainty about product quality. The introduction of a standard centralized dispute resolution mechanism (whereby the seller can report allegedly malicious reviews to the host platform, which then judges whether to remove the review) can restore efficiency to some extent but requires the platform’s judgments to be both very quick and highly accurate. We demonstrate that a more decentralized mechanism (whereby the firm is allowed to remove reviews without consulting the platform, subject to ex post penalties for wrongdoing) can be much more effective, while simultaneously alleviating—almost entirely—the need for the platform’s judgments to be quick. Our results suggest that decentralization, when implemented correctly, may represent a more efficient approach to dispute resolution.

This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.

Funding: S. A. Yang and A. H. Zhang acknowledge the support of the Hong Kong General Research Fund [Grant “Decentralizing Platform Governance: Innovations from China; Project 17614921].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4655 .
Quality Signaling Through Crowdfunding Pricing
Authors: Bolandifar Ehsan , Chen Zhong , Kouvelis Panos , Zhou Weihua
Published: January 2023

Problem definition: This paper studies an entrepreneur’s pricing strategy in a reward-based crowdfunding campaign under asymmetric product quality information. We propose two signaling mechanisms and investigate how entrepreneurs can leverage their pricing strategy to signal a high-quality project. Academic/practical relevance: This problem is relevant to practice, as asymmetric quality information is a significant concern in reward-based crowdfunding. High-quality entrepreneurs seek credible mechanisms to signal the quality of projects to customers. Methodology: We develop a stylized game-theoretic signaling model with funding and regular selling periods that captures asymmetric quality information between an entrepreneur and customers. Results: We propose a new theory on quality signaling in crowdfunding. We show that contingent access to the regular selling market after running a successful crowdfunding campaign allows high-quality entrepreneurs to signal their quality through low funding prices (one-price signaling). A high-quality entrepreneur can increase his funding price and still signal his high-quality level if he commits to the future regular selling price (two-price signaling). We show that the distinct feature of crowdfunding, that is, the probabilistic nature of crowdfunding, plays different roles in one- and two-price signaling. It is the driving force for the separating equilibrium in one-price signaling, and in two-price signaling, it affects how the entrepreneur should manipulate his funding and regular selling prices to reduce signaling cost. Managerial implications: Entrepreneurs should be mindful of pricing in funding and regular selling periods because it could play an essential role in signaling quality information. Our findings suggest practical tools for quality signaling in crowdfunding. We also investigate when price commitment is the most beneficial for a high-quality entrepreneur, looking for potential signaling mechanisms.

Funding: W. Zhou acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192823 and Grant 71821002].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1177 .
Um estudo sobre a estruturação (macro e micro) e a caracterização de dicionários ideológicos
Authors: Cruz Thyago José
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar os aspectos estruturais (macro e micro) e as características de um tipo específico de obra lexicográfica onomasiológica: o dicionário ideológico, e sua diferenciação com o do tipo analógico. Para isso, baseou-se nos pressupostos de Babini (2006) e Quemada (1967) sobre a definição e caracterização desses repertórios. As discussões partem do conceito geral de onomasiologia (BALDINGER, 1966), de projetos lexicográficos (HAENSCH, 1982; MARTÍNEZ SOUZA, 2009) até chegar ao objeto de estudo “dicionário ideológico”. Para a delimitação deste, empregou-se a análise de dois exemplares em específico: o Thesaurus of the english words and phrases, de Peter Mark Roget, publicado no ano de 1852, e o Dicionário Analógico da Língua Portuguesa, ideias afins, thesaurus, de Azevedo (2010). Os resultados mostram que o dicionário brasileiro de Azevedo (2010) possui uma vinculação e similaridade muito forte com o seu antecessor, o Thesaurus, e que, embora aquele se denomine “analógico”, ao ver desta pesquisa, caracteriza-se muito mais como um repertório lexicográfico ideológico.
SOB O SIGNO DE JANUS: dois rios em dois tempos
Authors: Atroch Daniel Cavalcanti
Published: January 2023

Proponho uma leitura do Grande sertão: veredas a partir da analogia entre dois eventos fundamentais do livro: a travessia do rio de-Janeiro rumo ao São Francisco, realizada na infância de Riobaldo, ocasião do primeiro encontro com Diadorim, e a batalha final no Paredão, após a travessia do Liso do Sussuarão. Os episódios possuem continuidade simbólica e constituem pontos de partida privilegiados para a compreensão do caráter dos três personagens cujos destinos são indissociáveis no romance: Riobaldo, Hermógenes e Diadorim.
INCORPORAÇÃO NOMINAL EM ASURINÍ DO XINGU
Authors: Pereira Antonia Alves
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo analisamos o processo de incorporação nominal no Asuriní do Xingu (Tupí-Guaraní), mostrando como ele pode afetar a sentença em seus diversos níveis. Nessa língua, verbos transitivos e verbos intransitivos podem incorporar nomes. A operação de incorporação nominal pode apresentar resultados e funções distintas, conforme a natureza do nominal incorporado e do verbo hospedeiro. A incorporação de um nome não possuído diminui a transitividade da sentença e altera o significado da construção, o que está de acordo com efeitos da incorporação nominal amplamente difundidos pela tipologia linguística. Por outro lado, a incorporação de um nome inalienavelmente possuído, via de regra, não diminui a valência verbal, visto que nesse processo ocorre a ascensão do possuidor a sujeito ou a objeto, dependendo do tipo de operação realizada. Contudo, nesse tipo de incorporação, é possível que ocorra a alteração de valência quando a parte do nominal incorporado é correferente com o sujeito da oração. Além disso, é discutido o desparecimento da distinção morfossintática entre verbos intransitivos ativos e intransitivos descritivos que foram derivados pelo processo de incorporação nominal.
Brasil, brasilidade, brasilianistas: memoir e trajetória de Charles Perrone e Šárka Grauová
Authors: Perrone Charles , Grauová Šárka , Oliveira Leonardo Davino de , Evaristo Jefferson
Published: January 2023

Entrevista
Social Housing, Wellbeing and Welfare
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2023

This book explores the relationship between housing, wellbeing and the welfare state in the United Kingdom. The book is structured in three parts. In Part I the central focus is on the purpose and value of social housing, with a particular focus on the ways in which negative discourses of social housing and welfare dependency have developed over the past 40 years. The concept of wellbeing is discussed and then presented in an analytical framework of potential housing–wellbeing interactions. The framework encompasses thick accounts of wellbeing and human flourishing as well as subjective wellbeing metrics, with a focus on discourses of welfare dependency and the ideological context of a property-owning democracy. Part II presents new empirical data and analysis. Two case studies explore the relationship between social housing, neighbourhood and wellbeing. These studies include subjective experiences of the home and the home as a source of identity. New analysis of secondary survey data is then presented. The results show that social housing has no negative effect on wellbeing. Conversely, mortgaged owners tend to have lower levels of wellbeing than other types of households. Neighbourhood is shown to be a crucial determinant of wellbeing across all tenures. Part III applies these results to contemporary political and policy debate and advocates a hybrid approach to social housing, meeting diverse needs and offering a wider range of tenure options.
Discourses of dependency: social housing, welfare, and political debate
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2023

The issues raised in Chapters 1 and 2 are explored through an analysis of competing discourses of social housing and welfare dependency. The chapter starts with a theoretical discussion of the ways in which the meanings of ‘social housing’ and ‘dependency’ have been socially constructed, while articulating in greater depth the book’s key theoretical premises. A distinction is drawn between ‘social’ and social scientific facts in the context of welfare debates. Special attention is paid to the political debate around social housing and life chances in the 2000s, and in particular the role of think-tanks and the media in constructing negative narratives of worklessness. These constructions proceed by colonisation of key sociological concepts such as a culture and life chances, and by persistent misrepresentation of empirical data. They nevertheless create powerful social facts that are to be taken seriously as sociological phenomena.
The interests served by failure
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 advance the discussion of child support failures and the political management of social problems. It examines who benefits from the ways that child support fails, and the interests served at institutional and interactional levels. The primary argument is that child support systems inhere the women’s subordination through the perpetuation of masculinist norms. The logics of child support action and inaction are underpinned by gendered social processes that subordinate women by maintaining, restoring or increasing men’s financial autonomy and authority over mothers following separation. The performance of operating a child support system, irrespective of how advanced or rudimentary it is, provides cover to the state’s advancement of its own interests above those of impoverished children that the system purportedly serves. These processes render women’s financial subordination permanent and reveal child support as nonperformative across policy and social contexts.
Rendering gendered social problems technical
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines how child support policy and practice has been converted into a web of technical processes that deflect attention away from the substantive social issue of redistributing money to low-income single-mother-headed households. The system’s logic is instead focused on the behaviour and actions of women, who are responsible for enacting the myriad technical procedures required to enter and make their way through the leaky pipeline of child support, albeit often with a limited chance of success. This remit also shape how child support can be represented and responded to as the technical gaze of administrators, policymakers and researchers maintains the system’s focus on neoliberal, masculinist concerns of management and measurement. The limited representation of child support reality, however, limits the possibility of social challenge, while preserving and reinforcing the extant gender order. The chapter concludes by examining the weakness of the technical management of social problems, which lead inevitably to a further narrowing of state responsibility to locate individual women as responsible for child support’s success or failure.
Conclusion
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

The book concludes by consolidating the evidence that child support is a gendered governance practice. Child support rarely does what it says it does, rendering it an inactive and inefficient means of redistributing money to children. But, this does not mean that it does not do other, socially productive work. As a nonperformative, child support provides cover to states who can claim that they are meeting their obligations to children, while positioning their often-vulnerable mothers as responsible for systemic failures. Separated mothers often find themselves in an intractable bind. They are not responsible for making payments, but are held responsible for making payments happen. If they cannot enter the system, they have not taken up their responsibility. If they fall out of the system, they have failed to exercise responsibility. If they remain in the system but do not achieve payments, they have failed their responsibility to be good mothers – but what constitutes good mothering in child support is framed on fathers’ terms. Given these gendered binds, the book ends with suggestions for feminist reform; however, these solutions lie outside of the child support, as what is required is gender equality across all domains of social and economic life.
Lessons and future directions for caregiving research in India
Authors: Hyde Ajay , Bailey K. S.
Published: January 2023

The final chapter draws together the main issues and findings from the wealth of information presented in the previous chapters and reflect on what this means for researchers, social care providers and policy makers in India and elsewhere. Although each chapter makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the impact of the changing living arrangements on the care for older people in India, there are a number of common themes that connect them. The narrative that emerges across these chapters is one that challenges the assumed wisdom about the demographic, industrial and social change on older adults. The chapters in this book tell us a much more complex story about living arrangements and care for older adults in India. Rather than being a single, linear narrative it is a story about the heterogeneity of families, care and migration experiences.
2 The theoretical foundation of the life-mix framework
Authors: Chau Ruby C. M. , Yu Sam W. K.
Published: January 2023

This chapter shows how insights from the current welfare debates provide the theoretical foundation for the development of the life-mix framework and the new dimensions this framework offers. It starts with Western ideas in contemporary welfare literature, including production activities, social exclusion, the capability approach, models of gender division of labour, de/commodification and de/familisation risks, and the productive dimensions of welfare policies. This is followed by a discussion of the commonwealth and the better-off society, which are commonly regarded as the traditional ideal societies in East Asian countries that share a cultural root in Confucianism. The last part shows how the discussion of these concepts shapes six welfare views which are essential to the study of issues concerning productivism and people’s diverse life-mix patterns and preferences.
Introduction
Authors: Huss Ephrat
Published: January 2023

The connection between arts and social work is a rapidly developing area. However, the specific advantages of arts-based research for social work have yet to be articulated. In research in general, arts are defined as less important than words, or numbers – a leitmotif, or illustration (Martinez-Brawley et al., 1997). Often ‘art’ is experienced as the opposite of ‘science’ and thus the opposite of ‘evidence’. In social work specifically, arts are experienced as a luxury, an illustration rather than content, peripheral rather than the ‘on the ground’ problems that social work deals with. Often social workers feel that they have not been trained in the arts and so cannot use it. This is based on a misunderstanding of what social art is. Indeed, arts-based research is most traditionally connected to education, where the use of images is a natural language for children (Eisner, 1997). Of late, however, we see a ‘visual turn’ in social sciences in general, and also in social work practice and research. This includes the use of community art, Photovoice, outsider art, arts for social change, arts and health, arts to humanise institutions, de-stigmatise minorities, and to give voice to silenced groups (Chamberlyne & Smith, 2008; Huss, 2012, Huss & Bos, 2019). This has extended the use of arts-based research in social work. This book aims to capture this promising process. It will show how arts-based research is in fact an especially effective methodology to embody, and will articulate many of the epistemological aims of, social work research.
Using photography to research the ‘other’: the validity of photography for social work research – a visual case study from China
Authors: Szto Peter
Published: January 2023

This chapter will examine the role of arts-based approaches for social work research. Art is understood as the human impulse to express ideas, emotions, and experience through various forms such as painting, music, architecture, or poetry. The art seeks to reflect and convey cultural sensibilities, a spiritual zeitgeist, and artistic meaning. Art is important because the dominant discourse in social work research has privileged positivist-framed data to explain human experiences. Seeking to understand why social work education has largely ignored art as a tool of research that motivates his chapter. The art form of photography, in particular, is highlighted as a reliable and valid tool of social work research. Its advantages and disadvantages are examined based on the premise that seeing is critical to what one is trying to ameliorate. A case study based on in vivo field research in China is discussed to demonstrate the value of photographic inquiry. Specifically, China’s floating population – the mass internal migration of Chinese labourers from rural to urban areas – is studied as an unprecedented socio-cultural phenomenon in need of a social work response. A visual study is appropriate to clearly see the floating population for its mitigation.
Murals and photography in community engagement and assessment
Authors: Feen-Calligan Holly , Barton Elizabeth , Moreno Julie , Buzzard Emma , Jackson Marion
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes how photography and mural methods help promote cross-disciplinary and community collaboration, enhance the experience of individual participants as well as that of the community, document university–community projects, and assess outcomes through constituent voices (film), photographs, and mural painting processes. Arts-based research methods and their applications for social work are exemplified by a project of an urban research university’s community engagement program: ArtsCorps.
a/r/tography, rhizomatic storytelling, and ripple effects mapping: a combined arts-based and community mapping methodology to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 expressive arts support groups for frontliners in the Philippines
Authors: Alfonso Maria Regina A. , Lagmay Adrienne M. Santos , Atayde Joey A. , Bautista Kathleen , Lukban M. Imelda
Published: January 2023

The oppressive arrival of COVID-19 has had a significant socio-economic impact particularly on low- to middle-income families in the Philippines, leading to a plethora of mental health issues that exacerbate family living conditions. Psychosocial support has been a great need. Magis Creative Spaces, in partnership with ABJ Foundation, implemented an initiative to provide Duyan (‘cradle’ in English) groups: free online expressive arts-based psychosocial support groups for various groups of frontline workers. Focusing on the education, health care, and social welfare sectors, a total of 180 participants took part. In parallel, Magis also initiated a research project to document this initiative. A pool of ten facilitators was arranged in pairs to create a team for each Duyan support group. A general sample of each session’s process is as follows: (1) a moment of stillness and silence to offer prayers of healing and gratitude; (2) the introduction of facilitators and participants; (3) a grounding exercise; (4) an art activity (visual art, movement, music or a combination); (5) sharing and discussion; (6) discussion and questions; (7) group photo; (8) closing. Co-authors Alfonso and Atayde, supervising clinicians for the project, organised all stakeholders of the initiative and reviewed key components of the programme. After each of the Duyan support groups were completed, all facilitators were involved in a post-Duyan session group process to harvest stories through drawing and storytelling.
Why Study Crime News?
Authors: Colbran Marianne
Published: January 2023

For many people, the mass media are the main source of their knowledge and perceptions about policing and crime, yet very little is known about the processes that shape the creation of crime news. This book aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the complex and contingent relationships over the last 40 years between the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), the national news media and – more recently – the new investigative journalism start-ups. It seeks to re-evaluate classic criminological texts from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, suggesting that police/media/public relations might be even more complex than previously imagined and expanding the discussion to explore police/news media relations in the 2000s. It explores the impact of the Leveson and Filkin Reports and the advent of social media on police/media/public relationships; and it advances understanding of the role that digital start-ups are playing in expanding the remit of crime news.
The Metropolitan Police
Authors: Colbran Marianne
Published: January 2023

This chapter revisits the classic texts of the 1970s and 1980s on police and media relations and suggests that, in that pre-internet age, the police/news media relationship was even more complex and contingent than these texts suggest. Although from the 1970s onwards, police press officers started to take a more open stance, access to the media was never guaranteed. Many key investigations were not covered as they were not deemed newsworthy, and senior police officers often felt vulnerable in their dealings with the press, who had the power to make or break reputations and the power of the last word. Overall, police respondents believed the press in this period were extremely powerful and frequently had the upper hand.
The Effect Of Digital Platforms On The Police And The Media
Authors: Colbran Marianne
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that, at a time of beleaguered relations between the MPS and the national news media, following the recommendations of the Filkin and Leveson Reports, the advent of new digital technologies further damaged relations between the police and the media. Through the use of social media platforms, the MPS have been able to communicate more directly with the public than ever before but also to exert even more control over the flow of policing information to the press and to the public. New digital technologies have also allowed both the public and the press more sophisticated ways with which to monitor the police and publicly disseminate and circulate images and narratives of police brutality in real time on YouTube and Facebook – a recent example being the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020, which triggered worldwide demonstrations and protests. However, the police still have considerable control – bystander video footage of police brutality can be dismissed as a partial representation of events, while new technologies such as body worn cameras afford the police greater powers of surveillance.
The rise of the new investigative journalism start-ups
Authors: Colbran Marianne
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the impact on the field of crime and investigative journalism of three new investigative journalism start-ups in the United Kingdom; how they are challenging journalistic norms through very different working practices; and how this is leading in turn to an expansion of the remit of crime news through the practice of engaged journalism. On The Bristol Cable, this takes the form of working with communities and co-creating crime news, enabling journalists to give voice to under-represented communities. The Bureau for Investigative Journalism challenge journalistic norms through collaborations and the use of big data in their work, enabling them to report crimes often under-reported by mainstream media such as corporate crime and crimes of corruption. The Bureau Local combine both these methods – the use of big data and collaborations with citizens – to produce ‘transformational’ journalism, working with citizens to bring what they term the societal or systemic harms they are reporting upon to wider attention, with the aim of sparking societal change and amelioration of these harms.
Poverty and late-life homelessness
Authors: Grenier Amanda , Sussman Tamara
Published: January 2023

Although social work was founded to address issues of marginalisation such poverty and inequality, social work practice with older persons has largely evolved in the sphere of health where standardisation, objectivity, and evidence have shaped practice. As the population ages however, the intersections of aging, poverty, housing and other aspects of marginalisation, have become increasingly difficult to ignore paving the way for scholars in critical gerontology to offer important directions for practice with older adults. This chapter draws on research on late-life homelessness to highlight how manifestations of social issues related to poverty, inequality and housing reflect changing conditions, a need for revised theoretical approaches, and a return to the analysis of the relationship between structures and experiences of aging. Emphasising the renewed importance of a critical agenda as a means to analyse and address the relationships between structures and older people’s lives, this chapter aims to inform theoretical debates and practical training in gerontological social work.
Ethnicity, race and migrancy
Authors: Torres Sandra
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the ways in which conceptualizations of ethnicity, race and migrancy have evolved, and the implications these have on how these identification grounds are made sense of in gerontological social work research, policy and practice. By bringing attention to what characterises the essentialist, structuralist and constructionist perspectives on ethnicity, race and migrancy, and the questions that these perspectives invite us to pose, this chapter argues that we need to expose the hidden presuppositions that gerontological social work research, policy and practice make about these identification grounds. The chapter proposes that the social constructionist approach to ethnicity, race and migrancy offers a diversity-informed and client-centred way of addressing these identification grounds that is in line with the critical gerontological lens to which this book draws attention. In addition, the chapter urges social workers to regard their own scholarship, policy and practice as construction sites where stories about who older ethnic, racial and migrant minorities are, and what their needs may be, are told and reproduced. A critical gerontological approach to ethnicity, race and migrancy shifts attention away from who ethnic and racial minorities are to how research, policy and practice constructs them.
Elder abuse
Authors: Montgomery Lorna , Carney Gemma M.
Published: January 2023

This chapter addresses the emergence of elder abuse as a distinct social problem now that population ageing has become a phenomena we must reckon with. The chapter uses the concept of safeguarding as a framework for examining the role that social work plays in elder abuse and presents different definitions of elder abuse while addressing mental capacity and human rights-based responses. The chapter argues that an effective safeguarding legal or policy framework should aim to give older people equal access to justice whilst promoting their safety, autonomy and confidence. However, developing such a framework engages intrinsic ethical concerns particularly in balancing an older person’s right to autonomy with the responsibility of the State to provide protection. Differences in safeguarding legislation, definitions of abuse and variations in the range of powers and duties afforded to professionals working in this area, are therefore highlighted since these reflect the socially constructed nature of abuse, as well as variations in how governments view their responsibilities towards their older citizens. The chapter stresses the importance of human rights-based approaches to elder abuse while addressing the debates on personalisation, resilience and the complexities of balancing protection with the promotion of autonomy.
User involvement
Authors: Beresford Peter
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that a focus on the involvement of older people in social work and other services is not only consistent with the use of a critical gerontological lens but it is also likely to be a key feature in its development. Such a first person perspective (the subject of social work) problematizes the role of practitioners and existing provision and encourages the application of other key perspectives in so doing. The involvement of older people is offered here as the key major source for such independent critical examination (to set next to second person (social worker) and third person (conventional instrumental research approach). The chapter critically considers prevailing conceptions of user involvement, particularly in relation to older people as a group facing specific marginalisations and discriminations. It argues also that user involvement that is consistent with a critical gerontological approach can go beyond a superficial market research/consumerist approach to involvement and empowerment, to a democratizing model which gives equal value to the experiential knowledge of older people, addressing their potential to be co-producers of learning, practice, provision and policy.
Introduction
Authors: Bond Emma , Phippen Andy
Published: January 2023

We introduce the broad topic of online safeguarding and highlight the challenges of applying such approach to individual cases affecting adults who are potentially vulnerable as a result of brain injuries or other capacity issues. We argue that the narrative needs to be moved from prohibition underpinned by children’s online safeguarding to truly apply best interests in each case, considering individual needs, as well as a need to develop the knowledge of the workforce from anecdotal to professional
Defunding the police: a mental health perspective
Authors: Cummins Ian , Cummins Ian
Published: January 2023

This chapter considers how the calls to ‘defund the police’ might impact on police mental health work. Reformist positions have been argued for a shift in funding from policing towards an investment in welfare and community services. In calling for this policy shift, campaigners have highlighted the need for significant investment in mental health services.
Why Income Management?
Authors: Marston Greg , Humpage Louise , Peterie Michelle , Mendes Philip , Bielefeld Shelley , Staines Zoe
Published: January 2023

The basic question this chapter seeks to answer is, how did Australia and New Zealand arrive at a moment where they felt it was necessary to introduce policy changes that are quite unique compared with other countries. The focus of the discussion centres around notions of welfare and income support recipient subjectivities, noting the differences and similarities between the two countries in relation to narratives around race and nationalism in settler colonial societies, and the construction of families and children in the justification for the introduction of compulsory income management. Concerns about the welfare of children were prominent features of the debate in both countries, and young people were positioned as ‘vulnerable’ and at risk of not making a successful transition to the workforce. The data drawn on for this chapter is an analysis of Hansard documents, media discourse and interviews with politicians to provider an ‘insider’ perspective on the politics of compulsory income management. The analytical approach draws on interpretative policy analysis, paying explicit attention to values, discourse and subjectivities in constructing the social problem that income quarantining and welfare conditionality purports to address.
Afrocentricity and its critics
Authors: Marovatsanga Washington , Garrett Paul Michael
Published: January 2023

Much of the content in this chapter will be entirely new to readers. The main interest is Afrocentric theory and it explores the controversial contributions of Marimba Ali and Molefi Asante. Both authors confront core aspects of Western European theorisation as it is applied within Black communities. Here, readers will also learn about how figures such as Ali and Asante have been used by Black social work educators. In a compelling section toward the end of the chapter, the authors use the work of the philosopher Paul Hountondji to critique the Afrocentrists.
‘When in Rome, you do as the Romans do’? Social work with the Black African diaspora
Authors: Marovatsanga Washington , Garrett Paul Michael
Published: January 2023

In this chapter the authors dwell on social work in Ireland in the context of the activities of the Black Lives Matter movement and the launch of the Irish Association of Social Workers’ ‘Anti-Racism Strategy’ in February 2021. The chapter is empirically grounded and the authors illuminate some of the views of social work practitioners and educators. More specifically, the focus is on their perceptions in relation to four main themes: social work education and theoretical perspectives; praxis; organisational structures within the capitalist racial state; neoliberalism.
Getting in, being heard and influencing change: the labours of policy engagement in employment and social security research
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Jones Katy
Published: January 2023

UK employment policy is at a critical juncture; the effects of COVID-19 and Brexit on the labour market have heightened pre-existing and created new employment and income inequalities. Such experiences (and related temporary government policy responses) play out alongside the long-term roll-out of Universal Credit, a social security policy that imposes conditionality on a range of individuals, including people who are in work. As Universal Credit has the potential to transform power dynamics between individuals, the state and employers, revisiting and questioning the direction of active labour market policies (ALMPs) should unite the interests of diverse social security and employment researchers. Policymakers should draw on an abundance of research to reform the UK’s ALMPs and avoid replicating the problems of narrowly conceived work-first programmes and practices. In this chapter, we explore the role of social policy researchers in influencing policy change, reflecting on our own experiences as early career researchers. We advocate a ‘pragmatic realist’ approach to policy engagement and reflect on different approaches to operating at the evidence–policy interface.
The impact of the pandemic crisis on territorial inequalities: the right(s) to healthcare in Italy
Authors: Ripamonti Gaia Matilde
Published: January 2023

Italy was ‘patient zero’ of the Western world with regard to the spread of COVID-19. However, COVID-19 had different social, economic and health implications in Italian regions depending on their existing features. These same differences emerged with renewed strength during the pandemic crisis, especially during the second wave, when Italy adopted a regionally differentiated system to react to the spread of the virus in which the regional health system’s features played a crucial role. In many cases, regions have been classified as risky because of the structure of their health system rather than high rates of positive tests or deaths, meaning that in those regions people were less likely to find a free hospital bed and receive the necessary care in case of need. COVID-19 may have highlighted what researchers have been investigating for a long time: is there still ‘one’ right to healthcare or are there instead ‘multiple’ rights with a strong regional dimension? The chapter first analyses the structure of Italian regional health systems to highlight regional differences in terms of organisation and services. Then, data on hospitalisation and health services provision during the last year will be used to show the variety of regional responses to the crisis.
Care in and through Urban Design
Authors: Davis Juliet
Published: January 2023

Urban design has often been depicted by urban scholars as the antithesis of care as characterized in Chapter 1. Though urban forms and places are hugely varied, they have often been depicted as poorly attuned to the needs and capabilities of inhabitants. Such criticism can be detected, for example, in literature linking urban form to health outcomes, such as the extensive research exploring the relationship between urban sprawl and socio-medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease (see, for example, Frumkin, 2002). It can be found in studies of the atmospheric qualities of urban form such as noise from streets, poor air quality and light pollution that have been connected to issues of physical health but also identified as stressors affecting mental health and wellbeing (see, for example, Tuan, 1974; Park and Evans, 2016). It can be found in the growing literature connecting urban design with the availability of such vital resources as water, including research on the impacts of public space design on the depletion or replenishment of the groundwater aquifers that healthy and resilient ecosystems depend on (for example, Lerner, 1990; Pickett et al, 2013). It can also be seen in critical assessments of the generic nature of much urban form and building leading to a sense of placelessness and social exclusions of diverse kinds. Generic design has often been seen to reflect universalizing conceptions and/or imaginary norms of human behaviour, anatomy and ability, and as ‘disabling’ (Hall and Imrie, 1999) to those who fail to adhere to them, who may include people with specific health conditions, mobility issues, learning difficulties or sensory impairments (see, for example, Burton and Mitchell, 2006).
Urban Design as Tending Futures
Authors: Davis Juliet
Published: January 2023

Throughout this book thus far, I have focussed on ways of thinking about the role of urban design in shaping everyday and unfolding care practices and relations, albeit ones that stretch and transform through time. In this chapter, in contrast, I wish to consider how urban design might be thought of in relation to care in a somewhat different sense – as care for the world that future generations will inhabit. Thinking of urban design in terms of, or as, care, as I have shown throughout the book, always requires an understanding of the potential for care to extend beyond settings of face-to-face encounter and practice. This is because design-as-built continues to shape needs, practices and relations well beyond the timeframes of design. It is also because, in a related way, the people who shape a given place when it first emerges are not necessarily the same as those that do so later, and these groups may, in addition, never meet. Thinking of care in the context of design, therefore, requires a different framing of the nature of care relations to that developed by early care ethicists such as Nel Noddings (1984) and Diemut Bubeck (1995), for whom face-to-face encounter and exchange was paramount. As I began to suggest in Chapter 1, it requires a framing akin to that developed by Engster (2015) and Sevenhuijsen (2003), for whom care can also be performed for and with others in non-face-to-face contexts such as through social care policy.
The Public Problem of Plastics
Authors: Hird Myra J.
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on plastics waste to illustrate how oil and gas companies as well as governments frame plastics as both a vital part of contemporary society and plastics waste as manageable through a combination of technological innovation and individual behavioural change. Drawing on research on plastics production and waste, this chapter demonstrates that industry both disguises the origin of plastics (that is, oil) and plans to increase oil extraction and production through the increased production of plastics. The chapter also demonstrates that claims that plastics waste may be effectively managed through recycling are entirely false.
False Binaries
Authors: Walker Margath A.
Published: January 2023

Chapter 5 stages an encounter between Marcuse and more recent thinking framed under the broad heading of ‘post’. Geography has sometimes narrated Marxism against poststructuralism and the post-political. It is not surprising then that Marcuse’s contributions have largely been interpreted as distant and antagonistic in relation to geography’s more recent theoretical strands. Chapter 5 points to the lines of connection that could be fruitful for a revolutionary politics by arguing that Marcuse’s work is more nuanced, less totalizing, and more explicitly scalar than previously interpreted.
Introduction: Thinking from the Margins
Authors: Farrugia David , Ravn Signe
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this book is to situate the place beyond the city as an epistemological vantage point for researching youth. In this introductory chapter we interrogate the spatial and epistemological boundaries that shape current thinking about young people, and examine the concept of the margins as a position from which to create theory. Large urban centres and ‘global cities’ operate as taken for granted vantage points for understanding youth in late modernity, but the concept of the margins as we develop it here goes beyond this to explore the forms of spatial marginality existing both between and within rural and urban spaces. With this in mind, this chapter sketches the book’s agenda across four domains, including inequalities, materialities, identities and temporalities. In the process, we approach the space beyond the city not merely as a margin, but as a theoretically productive and unique position for thinking about the future of youth research.
Disrupting the Discourse of Under-representation: The Place of Rural Students in Australian Higher Education Equity Policy
Authors: Patfield Sally , Gore Jennifer , Fray Leanne
Published: January 2023

A discourse of under-representation has long framed the participation of rural Australians in higher education. In light of the federal government’s objective of proportional representation, it has become commonplace for policy and research to refer to an intractable ‘problem’ of shifting long-standing enrolment patterns in universities. While ensuring equitable access to university is a key social justice concern, the problematic nature of ‘under-representation’ is often overlooked. This chapter interrogates this discourse by exploring how imagined futures are constructed in one rural Australian community, Oldfields, layering the voices of young people, parents, teachers and community members. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, a highly strategic and meaningful approach to post-school futures is illustrated which does not necessarily depend on university education. The authors argue that the aspirational strategies of rural Australian youth are marginalized in the discourse of under-representation, misrecognizing the immense effort rural communities exert as they navigate viable futures beyond dominant policy narratives.
Reimagining Space, Reorganizing Lives: Environmental Activism in Myanmar
Authors: Garnett Johanna
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the significance of place for young people from marginalized, agrarian populations in the nascent democracy of Myanmar in South-East Asia, and makes visible new social practices based on material factors of land, labour and food. The young people in this study are being affected by spaces of extreme poverty and violence but also ones of unprecedented opportunity and social and political capital. Determined to protect their land and communities, they are engaged in alternative development practices and, as part of global communities of interest they are forming new relationships and mobility. This chapter argues that, through their political and social agency, these young people in Myanmar are vanguards of new forms of social life and connection to place, providing key signposts for global social transformations.
‘A Quiet Place’: The Natural Environment as a Sphere of (Non)Belonging for Refugee-background Young People in Regional Resettlement Locations
Authors: Nunn Caitlin
Published: January 2023

Regional towns are playing an increasing role in settling refugees across Europe, North America and Australasia. This has significant implications for refugee-background young people, whose intersectional marginality as young people and forced migrants risks being compounded in regional settings. At the same time, regional resettlement offers connections and opportunities less easily accessible in metropolitan contexts. One dimension of this is access to and engagement with the natural environment. Drawing on a participatory arts-based study of (non)belonging among refugee-background young people in regional locations in the UK and Australia, this chapter explores the role of the natural environment in providing continuity with the past, a contemporary space of sanctuary and a foundation for the future. In exploring young people’s varied relations of (non)belonging with/in the natural environment, this chapter addresses an under-researched dimension of refugee youth resettlement and suggests a need to attend more seriously to the impact of the physical environment on refugee-background young people in urban, regional and rural refugee resettlement sites.
Places of Belonging, Places of Detachment: Belonging and Historical Consciousness in Narratives of Rural Finnish Girls
Authors: Vehkalahti Kaisa , Ristaniemi Helena
Published: January 2023

This chapter contributes to the ongoing discussion about rural belonging by considering the role of historical consciousness (Rüsen, 2004) in the process of belonging in a place. The chapter suggests that young people’s temporal orientation in relation to local culture and history plays a significant role in their commitment to rural communities. The analysis draws on qualitative longitudinal data from Finnish girls, aged 16–19, from two sparsely populated regions (Central Finland and the Northern Finnish Sámi homeland). The chapter shows how multiple strands of commitment tie rural young people to their local surroundings, where the past is present in the landscape and everyday life in a myriad of ways, including long-standing traditions of out-migration. For the girls of this study belonging was an ongoing process of placing themselves in a cross-generational continuum. Most of the girls’ accounts featured both elements of belonging and being pulled away from the rural regions. A feeling of belonging did not necessarily imply willingness to build a future in the region, and vice versa: many of those girls that moved away from rural regions to study wished to stay connected to their history, culture and home communities.