bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unifying Physics and Psychophysics on the Basis of Symmetry, Least-Action ≈ Simplicity Principle, and Conservation Laws ≈ Veridicality
Authors: Pizlo Zygmunt
Published: February 2019

Psychophysics is the branch of experimental psychology that deals with the study of sensation and perception. A consensus has grown up among experts in psychophysics in the last hundred years that the human being’s percepts are inferences, which are based on a minimum, or simplicity, principle that is applied to the currently available sensory data. These educated guesses play the critical role in establishing veridical perceptual representations of the three-dimensional environment, where by “veridical” we mean that the percept agrees with what is “out there.” These veridical representations cannot be achieved without making use of symmetries, much like those known in physics, where they are essential for characterizing our physical world and deriving the conservation laws. But, unlike in physics, the important role that symmetry plays in psychophysics has been demonstrated and explained only within the last 10 years. Symmetries represent regularities in our physical world. These symmetries also serve as the source of the redundancies that are inherent in 3D objects and make vision possible. The main goal of this article is to show that the similarity between the mathematical formalisms used in physics and in psychophysics is not coincidental and that exploring this similarity can benefit the sciences of perception and cognition. This article includes a brief tutorial about symmetry groups and their relationship to transformation groups as well as to their invariants. It was included to make this material available to readers who are not familiar with these topics.
The Curious Case of the Arabic–English Bilingual Speaker with Substantial Rote Rehearsal Practice
Authors: El Alaoui Khadija , Aldabbagh Khadijah , Pilotti Maura , Mulhem Huda , Salameh Muamar , Zaghaab Sahar , Al Kuhayli Halah Abdulaziz
Published: February 2019

The main goal of the present study was to determine whether the probability of correct and illusory recall of word lists varies with participants’ frequency of memorization and recitation practice. The ancillary goal was to determine whether the concurrent presentation of Arabic words and English translations would influence correct and illusory recall rates relative to monolingual presentation. The words in each list were selected to gravitate around a theme word, which was never presented. In this procedure, recall of the theme word was considered prima facie evidence of an illusory memory. Participants were Arabic–English bilingual speakers from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). No effects of bilingual presentation on correct and illusory recall were observed in Experiment 1, which relied on lists developed in the United States for monolingual English speakers, and in Experiment 3, which relied on culturally appropriate lists. However, bilingual presentation reduced generic semantic intrusions in Experiment 1. Participants’ illusory recall rates were lower than those of published norms gathered from English-speaking monolingual participants. In Experiment 1, generic semantic intrusions declined as the breadth of participants’ recitation practice increased. No other significant correlations were found between memory indices and performance or sentiment measures of rote rehearsal. The implications of the finding that a didactic and religious practice taught to KSA students from an early age has little impact on the retention of verbal information are discussed.
“A Complete Emancipation from Philosophy”: Alfred Lehmann’s Laboratory of Psychophysics at the University of Copenhagen, 1886–1924
Authors: Pind Jörgen L.
Published: February 2019

Alfred Lehmann (1858–1921) was the pioneer of experimental psychology in Denmark. Educated as a natural scientist, he spent the winter of 1885–1886 in Wundt’s laboratory in Leipzig. Upon his return to Copenhagen he established the Laboratory of Psychophysics, one of the oldest laboratories of psychology in the world. It would soon become associated with the University of Copenhagen, where Lehmann gained a position in 1890. Lehmann was a tireless experimenter in his laboratory and an important contributor to experimental psychology in its first decades. At the outset of his scientific career, Lehmann focused mainly on the bodily correlates of mental states, emotions in particular. He was an early critic of the James–Lange theory of emotions. Lehmann was also an ardent critic of claims of the paranormal and did experimental work where he attempted to establish the “psychophysical conditions” for the widespread belief in superstition and magic at the turn of the 20th century. Near the end of his career, Lehmann embarked on work in applied psychology, simultaneously realizing his dream of establishing psychology as an independent subject at the University of Copenhagen in 1918. His new curriculum for a master’s degree in psychology emphasized experimental and applied work, free of the field’s earlier ties to philosophy. Lehmann’s turn to applied psychology was instrumental in the success of his curricular reform of psychology education.
Core Aspects of Dance: Aristotle on Positure
Authors: Hall Joshua M.
Published: February 2019

This article is part of a larger project in which I construct a historically informed philosophy of dance, called “figuration,” based on new interpretations of canonical philosophers. Figuration consists of two major parts—namely, (a) four basic concepts, or “moves”—positure, gesture, grace, and resilience—and (b) seven types, or families, of dance—concert, folk, societal, agonistic, animal, astronomical, and discursive. The present article is devoted to the first of these moves, positure, regarding its importance for Aristotle and its applicability to my seven families of dance. One goal of figuration, and the central goal of this essay, is to model and justify a dancing aesthetic education, pursuant to psychological and political flourishing. More specifically, figuration holds that a maximally virtuous and flourishing community is one that facilitates dance, which requires dance education (in both theory and appreciation). Within this philosophy, positure’s specific contribution to aesthetic education lies in the concept of positure itself, which I define as “a poetically creative, politically situated, dynamic imitation of stasis.”
A Progressive Vision of Democratizing Art: Dewey’s and Barnes’s Experiments in Art Education in the 1920s
Authors: Nakamura Kazuyo
Published: February 2019

This paper uses archival research to investigate the educational philosophy and methods developed at the Barnes Foundation as well as changes made in the field of art education. The Foundation was, during its period of inception, part of the Progressive Education movement of the 1920s. First, Dewey’s vision of art education for a democratic society, which guided the foundation’s educational experiment, is examined. Second, Dewey’s and Barnes’s mutual influence is analyzed with an emphasis on how Dewey’s vision is woven into the fabric of Barnes’s method of art study used in the foundation’s art-education program. Third, the paper explores the actual process of the educational experiment conducted by the foundation. It focuses on the aesthetics courses established by the foundation at the University of Pennsylvania, at Columbia University, and at the Barnes Foundation itself, and taught by Thomas Munro and Laurence Buermeyer. Finally, the results and significance of the experiment are discussed in relation to the historical context of art education in the early twentieth century. Albert C. Barnes acknowledged Dewey’s contributions, on the occasion of Dewey’s eightieth birthday: “Our institution, the Barnes Foundation, owes its origin to the ideas which Dewey has contributed to human thought, and its program has been benefited on occasions, in ways too numerous to mention, by suggestions and advice from him. The years of educational practice have made the value of Dewey’s conceptions and practices ever more apparent.”
“Living the Dream”: Southern California and Origins of Lifestyle Sport
Authors: Ozyurtcu Tolga
Published: February 2019

Though they are now a global phenomenon, many of the “lifestyle sports” like body building, surfing, and skateboarding emerged from Southern California in the mid-twentieth century. In time, these sports and their practitioners became symbolic embodiments of a distinctly “Californian” way of life. This article explores how these sports took root in the Golden State, latching on to earlier notions of a localized ideology often referred to as the “California dream.” Spanning visions of robust health, limitless wealth, and the freedom to fulfill one’s own destiny, the California dream positioned the state as the ideal incubator for physical practices that buck tradition, embrace creativity, and celebrate expression. From the state’s early boosters in the pages of the Los Angeles Times to the rise of a Progressive Era parks and playground movement, the stage was set for Californians to “live the dream” through lifestyle sports.
Three Clubs in Search of a City: Professional Soccer in Los Angeles, 1973–2018
Authors: Bolsmann Chris , Kioussis George N.
Published: February 2019

In 2016, Los Angeles Football Club (LAFC) celebrated its birth before a public audience at Union Station. The club’s posturing on the day, and in its efforts more broadly, was that it offered the local market something new. Yet while the claim to originality was a tacit acknowledgment that the city had a footballing past, rarely has this past been explored in the relevant historiography. Thus, the founding of LAFC presents a timely moment to fill in the scholarly gap. This article uses LAFC as an entry point for exploring the contours of professional soccer in Los Angeles over the previous half-century. It follows three sides—the Los Angeles Aztecs, Los Angeles Galaxy, and Los Angeles Football Club—in their attempts to navigate the city’s built and sociocultural environment.
Determinants of sorghum adoption and land allocation intensity in the smallholder sector of semi-arid Zimbabwe
Authors: Musara Joseph P. , Musemwa Lovemore , Mutenje Munyaradzi , Mushunje Abbyssinia , Pfukwa Charles
Published: February 2019

Sorghum is important for sustainability of smallholder farmers’ subsistence, social and economic livelihoods in semi-arid and arid environments of Southern Africa. However, production of the crop has been on the decline in the smallholder communities of semi-arid Zimbabwe. The study examines factors affecting smallholder farmers’ inclination towards producing sorghum and allocating differential land proportions towards the crop. The paper uses a double hurdle estimation approach with cross-sectional survey data from 380 small holder sorghum farmers in the Mid Zambezi region. Frequency of contact with relatives, duration of receiving subsidies and the number of groups to which household members belonged had a robust influence (p<0.01) on the adoption decision. Market frequency, availability of storage facilities and the number of buyers in the market significantly (p<0.01) influenced the land allocation decision. Variables influencing the two decisions are not necessarily the same showing independence in the decisions. However, information flow from networks and conditions of market platforms remain important variables in the two decisions. It is important to decentralise sorghum markets, strengthen local networks of kinships and increase the scope of inclusive and responsive formal extension delivery systems. Storage facilities can also be developed in partnership with private players to allow for sales during market windows which generates higher returns for the small holder sorghum farmers.
Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and reproductive performance of subfertile Holstein cows during extended lactations
Authors: Flores Jessica , García José E. , Mellado Jesús , Gaytán Leticia , De Santiago Ángeles , Mellado Miguel
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) throughout lactation to high-yielding subfertile (conception > 270 days postpartum) Holstein cows undergoing extended lactations (≥480 d) on milk production and reproductive performance. The study used two large adjacent commercial herds with similar management in a hot area of northern Mexico (25° N). Cows in one herd (n=2341) received a 500-mg dose of rbST every 14 d until dried off, starting 60 days postpartum. The other herd served as control (n=984). Across parity, rbST-treated cows produced 20% greater milk yield than control cows in 305-d lactations. Across parities, milk yield from 305 d postpartum to the end of lactation was 2734 kg higher in rbST-treated cows than control cows. Across parities rbST-treated cows produced 4777 more kg of milk during the entire lactation (mean 605 d) than the control group (mean 572 d). Conception rates (CR) at first service were only 3.2% and 5.9% (p<0.05) for control and rbST-treated cows, respectively. Overall CR was 43.5% and 61.6% (p<0.05) for control and treated cows, respectively. Control cows required 2.4 more (p<0.01) services per conception than rbST-treated cows. It was concluded that in this hot environment, the use of rbST suits dairy producers because it substantially improves both milk yield and reproductive performance in subfertile high-yielding Holstein cows. By markedly increasing lactation length and lactation persistency farm efficiency is greatly improved due to extended herd life.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 3
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: February 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2019.
Human Capital and English Language Proficiency in the Chinese Context
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Daly Shawn P.
Published: February 2019

The employment problem of college graduates has evoked concern around the world, which is particularly prominent in China in recent years. At the same time, English language proficiency of Chinese college students has been emphasized within their university academic requirements as well as from prospective employers. The consequent market pressure on Chinese college students to obtain language qualifications has created an environment where not only the utility, but also the symbolic value of English proficiency has become essential. Human capital theory describes the complex connection between language proficiency and employment, as a foreign language skill, English is similar to other human capital and has the potential for economic value. From the theoretical perspective for relationship between English language proficiency and employment of college graduates based on human theory, recommendations are made for further both scholarly research and practitioner policies, namely: National College English Teaching Syllabus, Regulations for Full-time Undergraduate Bachelor’s Degree-granting, and Regulations for the Graduation Project.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: February 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2019.
A Bibliographic Survey on State-Minority Contestations in Post-Colonial Sri Lanka
Authors: Fazil M. M.
Published: February 2019

There is an extensive body of literature that delves deeply into the question of how a state is constituted, by examining it from various theoretical and empirical perspectives. Scholars engaged in the field of political science, as well as in other fields such as the social sciences, are constantly endeavouring to explain the myriad ways in which states are formed in different regions of the world. According to one set of academics, the social setup that prevailed in most of the post-colonial states of Asia, Africa, and Latin America was mainly due to the plurality of their multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic, and multi-cultural populations. This plurality had a profound effect on the way the state was formed. A significant volume of literature on Sri Lanka too is available, much of which approaches the question of state formation and reconstitution from the standpoint of ethnicity and nationalism. This survey reviews both the theoretical and empirical literature on state constitution/ formation and pays special attention to three main themes; viz. theories on state constitution (formation), research on post-colonial state formation, and studies about Sri Lankan politics. The state-in-society theory is studied with focus on the crucial question of how state and society transform and constitute one another. This is a qualitative study based on text analysis. A wide selection of existing literature was reviewed. This survey shows that there is a paucity of research work on post-colonial state formation in Sri Lanka and state-minority contestations. It also draws attention to the research gaps in existing literature and the need to explore them further.
Bilateral uveal effusions in a 23-year-old man
Authors: Jeng-Miller Karen W. , Gaier Eric D. , Turalba Angela V.
Published: February 2019

A 23-year-old white man with a past medical history of seasonal allergies and no prior ocular history presented emergently to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Emergency Ward with acute, bilateral blurry vision of one day’s duration that had worsened overnight. He reported epiphora in both eyes and head pressure without headache. He described intermittent scintillations in both eyes of white and blue color. The patient reported taking a single dose of a “muscle relaxer” 10 days prior; he was unsure of the name of the drug. He denied any other new medications. He also reported an isolated episode of diarrhea on the day his blurry vision started. He denied eye pain, floaters, trauma, diplopia, fevers, rashes, recent travel, insect bites, myalgias, joint pain, dysuria, hematuria, melena, hematochezia, or shortness of breath. He cited occasional marijuana usage but no other recreational drug use.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DE LIMÃO ‘GALEGO’
Authors: Roberto Chaves Neto José , de Melo Silva Silvanda , Ferreira dos Santos Luana
Published: February 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical characteristics of lemon ‘Galego’(Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in different maturation stages, from family farms in Matinhas, PB, Brazil. For the physical evaluations were considered, the length and diameter of the fruit; fresh fruit mass and juice yield; already for the physical-chemical evaluations of the pulp of the fruits was submitted to the determinations of the pH; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); soluble solids /titratable acidity ratio (SS/AT) and ascorbic acid. There was a significant difference between the maturation stages for the variables diameter, fresh mass and juice yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. Lemon fruits presented increase in pulp diameter and yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid reduction. pH, soluble solids and SS/AT ratio did not vary with the advancement of maturation. Based on the aspects of quality evaluated, the lemon ‘Galego’from Matinhas, PB, Brazil presents satisfactory quality for the market.
CONCENTRAÇÕES DE AIB (ácido indolbutírico) E BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) NA ESTAQUIA DE JAMBOLEIRO(Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels)
Authors: da  Silva Marcieli , Silva  Oliveira Lucas , Cristina  Radaelli Juliana , Dias  de  Castro Juliana , Wagner Júnior Américo
Published: February 2019

The aim of the study was to test different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid and Benzylaminopurine in the jambolanpropagation by cuttings. The woody cuttings were obtained from plants approximately 15 years old and standardized with 12 cm in length, approximately 1.0 cm in diameter and two superficial lesions at the basal part, on opposite sides, with a portion of thebark being removed with about 0.5 cm wide by 2.5 cm in length, with apex cut in diagonal. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial arrangement 3 × 3 *Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) × Benzylaminopurine (BAP)+, with 4 replications, considering the use of 20 cuttingsper plot. The IBAconcentrations used were 0, 5000 and 10.000mg L-1and BAP 0, 250 and 500 mg L-1. The applications of the solutions were by immersion of 10 seconds in the base of the cuttings and conditioned in sand bed. After 120 days the characteristics of rooting and cuttings with calluses, number and length of primary shoots, number and length of roots were analyzed. The rooting percentage presented the highest result using 5,000 mg L-1of indole-3-butyric acid. However,the use of 10.000mg L-1of IBA provided a lower percentage of rooting, besides a higher number of dead cuttings. The use of Benzylaminopurine was not satisfactory for the rooting of jambolancuttings, since it did not provide increase in the rooting, thenumber of roots and the average size of the roots. The use of up to 5000 mg L-1of IBA without application of BAP was the most suitable for propagation of jambolanby cutting.
CONTROLE DA LAGARTA DO CARTUCHO (SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA) VIA INGESTÃO DE DE SAMAMBAIA (PTERIDIUMAQUILINUM)
Authors: Maria  Ramos Vânia , Ribeiro  Milhorança Gabriel , Tavares  Almeida Viviane , Vitor  Souza  Cruz João , da Silva Camargo Roberto , Marcos de Leão Renato , Carlos Forti Luiz
Published: February 2019

Considering the toxic action of P. aquilinumbracken for vertebrates, its insecticidal activity and potential use in agricultural pest control was verified, testing its effects on S. frugiperda. Crude ethanolic extract was made with the aerial part of P. aquilinum, being incorporated into artificialdiet (control or extract-free, 1% and 2%) with 50 replicates (caterpillars). There was significant mortality (34% and 86%) at concentrations of 1% and 2%, respectively, compared to control (10%). In treatments at 1% (20.03 days) and 2% (20.42 days), larval stage prolongation (13.51 days) was observed in the control treatment. On the 3rd, 6th, 9thand 12thdays after treatment, there was weight reduction, and the 2% treatment resulted in larvae 73% lighter than the control did at day 12. The pupae of the 2%treatment were lighter than the others. In conclusion, 1% and 2% of P. aquilinum ethanolic extract extended the larval cycle, decreased the larvae’s and pupae’s weight, and, at a concentration of 2%, caused effective mortality of S. frugiperda.
FONTES DE ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E NÍVEIS SALINOS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MARACUJAZEIRO
Authors: Graciliano da Silva Joseano , Naiara Sales Barros Giuliana , Gomes Nobre Reginaldo
Published: February 2019

The passion fruit is one of thefruit that has been gaining more prominence in the fruit sector because it is widely used in food, pharmacology and ornamentation. Its cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil presents some limitations due to the organic matter content of the soiland / or the use of water of high salinity in some properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of manure and the interaction with different saline levels of irrigation water.The statistical design adopted was a randomized complete block design with 3 x 5 factorial design, with three types of manure (bovine, goat and poultry) and five saline levels (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 ; 4.3 dS m-1) with four replicates and one plant per replicate. The data were analyzed using the statistical program Sisvar 5.3.It was concluded that there was no interaction between manure types and saline levels, however, goat manure favored the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings. On the other hand, the increase in saline levels up to 4.3 dS m-1impaired the growth of all variables up to 60 DAS.
INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO NO CRESCIMENTO DE MILHO (ZEA MAYSL.) EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO
Authors: Almeida Alves Carneiro Kalline , Pereira de Oliveira Flávio , Cristina Santos Pereira de Araujo Maria , Firmino Fernandes Leandro , Gonçalves de Abrantes Ewerton , Vendruscolo Jhony
Published: February 2019

Soil compaction is a limiting factor to growth and vegetative development, reducing agricultural productivity. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the depth of the compacted layer and the level of compaction of a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisolon the growth of maize seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots in time, arranged in a factorial 2 ×2 + 1, being two soil densities (1.5 and 1.7 g cm-3), two layers of compacted layer (0 -3 cm and 8 -11 cm) and a control with natural soil density (1.3 g cm-3), with three replications. Hybrid maize AG 1051 were cultivated in columns, over the period of 31 days. During the trial period, were evaluated: the leaf area (LA), the number of leaves (NL), stem diameter (SD), stem length (SL), root volume (RV), leaves dry matter (LDM), stem (SDM) and root (RDM), the absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative (RGR). According to the results, the increase in soil density promoted morphological changes in stem diameter, and the volume of the root, and consequently, the root dry mass and total dry matter. The compression in the surface layer is more harmful to crop growth than in the subsurface layer.
RESPOSTADA IRRIGAÇÃO E DA APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS SOBRE A QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA E PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DE MILHO
Authors: Roberto  Chaves  Neto José , Boscaini Ricardo , Carnellosso  Guerra Renato , Raquel  Ledur Nívea , Travessini Maurivan , Torres Mendonça Mayara , Francisco Dressler da Costa Ivan
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of irrigation and foliar application of fungicide on the burned grain complex, fungal incidence (Blotter test) and grain yield of two maize hybrids. The experiments were conducted in the agricultural crop 2014/15, in Cruz Alta, RS. For both experiments, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and arranged in factorial scheme:2 (commercial hybrids) x 4 (3 fungicides and 1 control), with 4 replicates. In the laboratory, the grains were evaluated, as percentage of burned grains, grain sanity by Blotter test method, weight of one thousand grains and grain yield. There was influence of the use of irrigation, the hybrid, and the application of fungicides on grain yield and the incidence of burned grains and phytopathogenic fungi. Irrigation favored a higher incidence of burned grains and fungi Fusariumsp. and Aspergillussp. The hybrid BG7060HR provided a lower incidence of fungi and burned grains, parallel to a greater mass of a thousand grains and productivity when the fungicide Azoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupir was applied. The application of fungicides in the V8 stage of the culture reduced the incidence of fungi Fusariumsp.and Aspergillussp., especially the fungicide Azoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupir.
TEOR DE PROTEÍNAS EM SEMENTES DE SOJA PRODUZIDAS EM SOLOS DE VÁRZEA COMO USO DE BIOREGULADOR
Authors: Oliveira Sandro , Dietrech Ferreira Cristiano , Souza Lemes Elisa , Araujo Cavalcante Jerffeson , Eduardo Meneghello Géri , Henrique Neves Edinilson
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to evaluatethe protein content in soybean seeds produced in lowland soil from plant growth regulator applied via seed coating and leaf spraying. The study wasdivided into two experiments: Seeds coating (Experiment I) and leaf spraying (Experiment II) with different Stimulate® doses. Two soybean cultivars were used (BMX Potência RR and Fundacep 64 RR) and the experimental model used was a completely randomized design. For the seed coating, the doses used was0; 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mL 100 kg seeds-1, and for the leaf spraying was 0; 187.5; 375.0; 652.5 e 750.0 mL ha-1. The experiments were carried out during the 2013/2014 season at experimental field and pots. In the maturity period was performed the seed harvest, afterward determined the total and soluble protein content. The bioregulator doses appliedin seed treatment, up tothe highestdose,increase the crude protein content of seeds produced in pots of BMX Potência RRcv.When produced in the experimental field, doses of bioregulator in seed treatment and leaf spraying do not promote difference in the protein content of the seeds. Increases were observed in the total protein content in Fundacep 64 RR cultivar, and reduction in soluble protein content in BMX Potência RR with the use of bioregulator, regardless of the mode of application.
ESPAÇAMENTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS IRRIGADO NO CERRADO
Authors: Oliveira  Menezes Rogério , Alberto  Da  Silva  Ferreira Carlos , Carlos  de  Oliveira  Castro Alan , Vinicius Abadia Ventura Matheus , Caetano de Oliveira Thales , Gouveia Tavares Germanna
Published: February 2019

The productivity of upland rice increases with the number of plants per unit area to the point where intraspecific competition for nutrients, water, light and other factors of production limits the productive process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of spacing on the production of highland rice irrigated in the brazilian savannas. The experiment was conducted from May to October of the year 2015 in Goianésia -GO, in the experimental area of the Evangelical Faculty of Goianésia. The BRS Primavera variety was tested in four spacings (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) between rows and density of 100 seeds per meter and used as sprinkler irrigation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four treatments with three replicates. The results showed that the spacing of 30 cm between rows provided higher productivity in the BRS Primavera variety.
PERSISTENCE OF Steinernema carpocapsaeAND S. feltiae(RHABDITIDA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) IN THE SOIL AGAINST Agrotis ipsilon (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Schimidt Kaiser Ingrid , Luiz Souza Lima Victor , Pratissoli Dirceu , Pacheco Damascena Alixelhe , Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno Regiane
Published: February 2019

A lagartaroscaAgrotis ipsilon(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é uma praga polífaga que atacamais de uma centena de tipos de cultivos. Ohábito de ficar enterrada ou abaixo dos restos culturaispode ajudar o contato com nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEP), que são inimigos naturais de insetos. O objetivo deste estudofoi avaliar a persistência da patogenicidade de Steinernema carpocapsae e S.feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), aplicados no solo contralagartas de A.ipsilon. Os NEPsforam aplicados em vasos contendo solo e lagartas de A.ipsilonforam introduzidasnos vasos em cinco períodos(0, 2, 4, 6, e 8 dias após otratamento). As duas espécies de NEPscausaram patogenicidade em todos os períodos avaliados. A taxa de mortalidade foi superior a 92% em todos os tratamentos e períodosavaliados.Com base nos resultados, é possível indicar aplicações de NEPs a cada oito dias para redução populacional de lagartas deA.ipsilon.
QUALIDADE E PRODUTIVIDADE DE FRUTOS DE FIGO CULTIVADO EM TRÊS DENSIDADES DE PLANTIO
Authors: Lucia Ecker Scheila , Luiz Giacobbo Clevison , Galon Leandro , Lugaresi Adriana , Carlos Girardi Gian
Published: February 2019

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of planting density on productivity and fruit quality of the fig tree. The design was used in three blocks, the plants of the cultivar Roxo de Valinhos were submitted to three planting spacings: 5 x 0.5 m; 5 x 1.0 m; and 5 x 1.5 m. The evaluated characteristics were: length of branches; average weekly growth of branches; fruit size; average fruit weight;soluble solids (°Brix); yield of mature fruits; productivity of green fruits; accumulated productivity; and dry mass of fruits.The length of the branches was not influenced by planting spacing, the plants conducted at lower densities presented higher productivity, both of green fruits and accumulated productivity.Plants submitted to lower planting density produced fruits with higher dry matter, but these were smaller in size, but without significant difference for those submitted to lower density. It wasconcluded that productivity is directly affected by fig planting density, but not all the qualitative aspects of the fruits were affected.
DYNAMICS AND INTERFACE DEFOLIATION GRAZING: REVIEW
Authors: Bezerra Fernandes Patrick , Leandro Chaves Gurgel Antonio , Menezes de Almeida Emizael , de Fátima Santos Lucélia , Amorim Barbosa Rodrigo
Published: February 2019

Nas últimas cinco décadas os pesquisadores tentam explicarcomo as adaptações da morfologia da boca e do trato digestório de grandes ruminantes interagem com diferentes escalas de alimentos no ecossistema pastagem independente do método de pastejo.Assim a compreensão da dinâmica da desfolhação é essencial na análise das variações de respostas na produção de forragem. Diante disso será apresentada uma breve revisão de literatura sobre os fatores relacionados ao componente animal e vegetal, influencia o processo de pastejo e a dinâmica de desfolhação. O pastejo é oprocedimento fundamental que influencia a dinâmica e o funcionamento dos ecossistemas de pastagens. Os componentes estruturais do perfilho presentes no plano horizontal do dossel forrageiro são susceptíveis a conduzir diferenças na exploração dos recursose os impactos sobre a vegetação, e muitas variáveis devem ser analisadas para compreender plenamente a desfolha, uma vez que variações na arquitetura do dossel também são influenciadas pelo próprio método de pastejo, que modifica a colheita e utilização de forragem.Em diferentes métodos de pastejo, observou que, a desfolhação se comporta da forma análoga entre os métodos, tendo em vista que a única variação era no número de animais em pastejo, ou seja, variações na taxa de lotação. A abrangência em nível de desfolhação de perfilho individual e seus respectivos componentes estruturais aliadosao processo de pastejopermitemcompreender como o manejo do pasto por meio do ajuste na carga animal influencia nas escolhas dos animais durante o processo de colheita de forragem.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E ATUAÇÃO FISIOTERÁPICA EM PACIENTES
HOSPITALIZADOS– ANÁLISE RESTROSPECTIVA
Authors: Mayumi de Oliveira Kawakami Débora , Francisco da Silva Junior , das Neves Andrade Natália , Maria Gonçalves Silva Isabella , Aparecida Gibim Camila , Kastelianne França da Silva Anne , Aparecida Trevizan Padulla Susimary
Published: February 2019

The prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and life expectancy has increased, which is
associated with the higher number of hospitalizations among the elderly. In this sense, physical
therapy is an alternative treatment in this population and has several rehabilitation alternatives in
order to favor the patient's functionality. The objective of this study was to characterize the profile
of hospitalized patients and to point out the physiotherapeutic techniques used. This study is
retrospective, with an analysis of records with physical therapy prescription of a public hospital in
the period from 2015 to 2017. It was observed that the majority of the patients are men, elderly,
with hypertension or more than one risk factor, smokers/ex-smokers, alcoholics, with normal BMI,
mean hospital stay of 8 to 19 days and diagnosis in specialty oncology. The most used techniques
are exercises breathing, diaphragmatic reeducation, active mobilization and walking. The most
frequently used techniques depend on the active participation of the patient, which allows us to
conclude the importance of the physiotherapist in hospital units, given their incentive profile to
promote activities that can reestablish the patients' functionality
A photographic catalog of Ceraphronoidea types at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), with comments on unpublished notes from Paul Dessart
Authors: Trietsch Carolyn , Mikó István , Deans Andrew R.
Published: February 2019

The majority of Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) species were described in the late 1800s and early 1900s, with most of these early descriptions relying on text alone. Few type specimens have been illustrated and even fewer have been photographed, posing a challenge to taxonomists working on the group today. Here, we attempt to remove the barriers obstructing Ceraphronoidea research by creating a photographic catalog of the type specimens present at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) in Paris, France. We discuss the history of the ceraphronoid specimens present in the collection and provide comments on unpublished species notes from former Ceraphronoidea taxonomist Paul Dessart. We synonymize Ceraphron myrmecophilus Kieffer, 1913 syn. nov. with Aphanogmus abdominalis (Thomson, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) based on the male genitalia morphology, body shape and presence of foveae on the median length of the mesoscutellum. We also report the discovery of the missing male holotype of Ceraphron testaceus (Risbec, 1953) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) and several potential types of Aphangomus aphidi (Risbec, 1955) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae).
Who believes in ESP: Cognitive and motivational determinants of the belief in extra-sensory perception
Authors: Branković Marija
Published: February 2019

Many people believe in extra-sensory perception, e.g. the ability to communicate with thoughts, to sense future events or locate radiation with the help of a V-shaped piece of wood. Addressing a gap in research specifically focused on ESP beliefs, we investigated cognitive styles and basic motivations related to these beliefs in two survey studies. The findings suggest that a propensity to use intuition is the best predictor of ESP beliefs in terms of cognitive style. ESP belief is positively related to fear of death, and this relation is partly mediated by fatalism, i.e. the belief that chance controls one’s life. ESP beliefs do not seem to be perceived as irreconcilable with a rational view of reality however, they do not necessarily provide psychological protection from existential concerns. The implications of the findings in terms of costs and benefits of these beliefs and the possibility to change them are discussed.
Individual differences in anchoring effect: Evidence for the role of insufficient adjustment
Authors: Teovanović Predrag
Published: February 2019

Although the anchoring effect is one of the most reliable results of experimental psychology, researchers have only recently begun to examine the role of individual differences in susceptibility to this cognitive bias. Yet, first correlational studies yielded inconsistent results, failing to identify any predictors that have a systematic effect on anchored decisions. The present research seeks to remedy methodological shortcomings of foregoing research by employing modified within-subject anchoring procedure. Results confirmed the robustness of phenomenon in extended paradigm and replicated previous findings on anchor’s direction and distance as significant experimental factors of the anchoring effect size. Obtained measures of individual differences in susceptibility to anchoring were fairly reliable but shared only small portion of variability with intelligence, cognitive reflection, and basic personality traits. However, in a group of more reflective subjects, substantial negative correlation between intelligence and anchoring was detected. This finding indicates that, at least for some subjects, effortful cognitive process of adjustment plays role in the emergence of the anchoring effect, which is in line with expectations of dual-process theories of human reasoning.
Les expériences de victimisation des jeunes à travers le prisme de l’intersectionnalité
Authors: Blais Martin , Philibert Mathieu , Bergeron Félix-Antoine , Hébert Martine
Published: February 2019

Le racisme, l’hétérosexisme et le cissexisme sont des formes d’oppression qui exposent les jeunes racisés, les jeunes de la diversité sexuelle et les jeunes trans ou en questionnement de leur identité de genre à de la violence. Nous inspirant de la théorie de l’intersectionnalité, nous avons exploré les expériences de victimisation vécues par les jeunes sur une période de 12 mois en fonction de ces formes d’oppression. L’échantillon analysé est composé de 2 276 personnes âgées de 14 à 23 ans recrutées à travers le Québec. Les résultats ont révélé que les personnes non hétérosexuelles, trans ou en questionnement étaient plus susceptibles de rapporter de la victimisation sur les sept indicateurs mesurés, et ce, d’autant plus si elles étaient racisées. Ces résultats révèlent la vulnérabilité de ces jeunes et illustrent la pertinence d’une approche intersectionnelle pour mieux appréhender leurs expériences de victimisation.
Le world café comme outil de mobilisation pour la sensibilisation à la maltraitance envers les proches aidants à Québec
Authors: Éthier Sophie , Côté Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2019

La provenance de la maltraitance envers les aînés est le plus souvent attribuée à leur entourage et expliquée par le stress de l’aidant ou les relations antérieures conflictuelles ou abusives. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière une problématique sociale méconnue : la maltraitance envers les proches aidants. Nous exposons la démarche et les résultats d’un « world café » organisé à Québec pour en discuter. Cet exercice de consultation collective suscite quelques pistes de réflexion. D’abord, l’impossibilité de dissocier la maltraitance envers les aidants de celle des aînés, tout en soulignant l’importance de lui réserver un traitement différencié. Aussi, l’absence d’évaluation de leurs besoins par les intervenants, dont les travailleurs sociaux, ainsi que le manque de reconnaissance et de soutien des aidants de la part de l’État comme facteurs de développement d’un terreau fertile à la maltraitance.
Collecting with “botanical friends”: Four Women in Colonial Quebec and Newfoundland
Authors: Shteir Ann , Cayouette Jacques
Published: February 2019

Four women from the British colonial elite in Quebec and Newfoundland were among the more than 120 contributors to William Jackson Hooker’s Flora Boreali-Americana (1829-40), an imperial project to assemble information about plants from across British North America. Letters that Christian Ramsay (Lady Dalhousie), Anne Mary Perceval, Harriet Sheppard, and Mary Brenton wrote to Hooker during the 1820s and 1830s show their interest in collecting Canadian plants — native orchids, ferns, weeds, bog plants — as well as their zeal for sharing knowledge and communicating their findings among friends and across borders. Along with other archival materials now available, the letters are a record of work by women in botanical discovery. By making visible the friendships, networks, and social and cultural practices that brought the women into Hooker’s project, the letters enlarge and enrich the history of science in Canada.
Remote sensing tree classification with a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Sumsion G Rex , Bradshaw Michael S. , Hill Kimball T. , Pinto Lucas D.G. , Piccolo Stephen R.
Published: February 2019

To accelerate scientific progress on remote tree classification—as well as biodiversity and ecology sampling—The National Institute of Science and Technology created a community-based competition where scientists were invited to contribute informatics methods for classifying tree species and genus using crown-level images of trees. We classified tree species and genus at the pixel level using hyperspectral and LiDAR observations. We compared three algorithms that have been implemented extensively across a broad range of research applications: support vector machines, random forests, and multilayer perceptron. At the pixel level, the multilayer perceptron algorithm classified species or genus with high accuracy (92.7% and 95.9%, respectively) on the training data and performed better than the other two algorithms (85.8–93.5%). This indicates promise for the use of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm for tree-species classification based on hyperspectral and LiDAR observations and coincides with a growing body of research in which neural network-based algorithms outperform other types of classification algorithm for machine vision. To aggregate patterns across the images, we used an ensemble approach that averages the pixel-level outputs of the MLP algorithm to classify species at the crown level. The average accuracy of these classifications on the test set was 68.8% for the nine species.
Hyperspectral tree crown classification using the multiple instance adaptive cosine estimator
Authors: Zou Sheng , Gader Paul , Zare Alina
Published: February 2019

Tree species classification using hyperspectral imagery is a challenging task due to the high spectral similarity between species and large intra-species variability. This paper proposes a solution using the Multiple Instance Adaptive Cosine Estimator (MI-ACE) algorithm. MI-ACE estimates a discriminative target signature to differentiate between a pair of tree species while accounting for label uncertainty. Multi-class species classification is achieved by training a set of one-vs-one MI-ACE classifiers corresponding to the classification between each pair of tree species and a majority voting on the classification results from all classifiers. Additionally, the performance of MI-ACE does not rely on parameter settings that require tuning resulting in a method that is easy to use in application. Results presented are using training and testing data provided by a data analysis competition aimed at encouraging the development of methods for extracting ecological information through remote sensing obtained through participation in the competition. The experimental results using one-vs-one MI-ACE technique composed of a hierarchical classification, where a tree crown is first classified to one of the genus classes and one of the species classes. The species-level rank-1 classification accuracy is 86.4% and cross entropy is 0.9395 on the testing data, provided by the competition organizer, without the release of ground truth for testing data. Similarly, the same evaluation metrics are computed on the training data, where the rank-1 classification accuracy is 95.62% and the cross entropy is 0.2649. The results show that the presented approach can not only classify the majority species classes, but also classify the rare species classes.
Salvianolic acid B plays an anti-obesity role in high fat diet-induced obese mice by regulating the expression of mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA
Authors: An Tian , Zhang Jing , Lv Bohan , Liu Yufei , Huang Jiangpinghao , Lian Juan , Wu Yanxiang , Gao Sihua , Jiang Guangjian
Published: February 2019

Background

Adipose tissue plays a central role in obesity-related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble ingredient derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to reduce obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases by suppressing adipogenesis. However, the role of Sal B in white adipose tissue (WAT) is not yet clear.

Methods

Illumina Hiseq 4000 was used to study the effects of Sal B on the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in epididymal white adipose tissue induced by a high fat diet in obese mice.

Results

RNA-Seq data showed that 234 lncRNAs, 19 circRNAs, and 132 mRNAs were differentially expressed in WAT under Sal B treatment. The up-regulated protein-coding genes in WAT of the Sal B-treated group were involved in the insulin resistance pathway, while the down-regulated genes mainly participated in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Other pathways may play an important role in the formation and differentiation of adipose tissue, such as B cell receptor signaling. Analysis of the lncRNA–mRNA network provides potential targets for lncRNAs in energy metabolism. We speculate that Sal B may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity.