bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produksi, Karakteristik Fisik, dan Organoleptik Varietas Unggul Spesifik Lokasi “Srikayang” Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Purwaningsih Heni , Wiranti Endang Wisnu , Kristamtini NFN , Indrasari Siti Dewi
Published: December 2021

(Production, Physical, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Superior Varieties Specific Location “Srikayang” Special Region of Yogyakarta)

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan hortikultura semusim yang sejak lama telah diusahakan oleh petani secara intensif di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui produksi, karakteristik fisik, dan organoleptik bawang merah lokal Kabupaten Kulon Progo, yaitu varietas Srikayang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas lokal Srikayang memiliki keunggulan dibanding varietas eksisting lainnya, yaitu Tajuk, Bima, dan Siem. Hasil ubinan tertinggi varietas Srikayang 10,63 ton/ha. Varietas Srikayang memiliki, berat umbi 5,47 g sedangkan Tajuk 3,65 g, Bima 5,69 g, dan Siem 4,14 g. Jumlah umbi per rumpun verietas Srikayang lebih banyak dibanding varietas lain, yaitu 9,82 g, Tajuk 8,37 g, Bima 6,78 g, dan Siem 9,37 g. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa varietas Siem dan Srikayang tidak berbeda nyata. Jumlah umbi per rumpun tertinggi varietas Srikayang 50,03 g. Kecerahan umbi varietas Srikayang tertinggi sebesar 43,74 dibanding varietas lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa varietas lokal Srikayang layak dibudidayakan karena memiliki keunggulan dibanding varietas lain (Tajuk, Bima, dan Siem).

Keywords

Karakteristik fisik; Organoleptik; Srikayang; Varietas lokal

Abstract 

Shallot is one of the leading commodities of horticultural crops that have long been cultivated by farmers intensively at Kulon Progo Regency since long time. The aim of research was to know the production, physical and organoleptic characteristics of local shallot at Kulon Progo Regency, namely Srikayang variety. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with five replications. The results showed that local variety of Srikayang have advantages compared to other existing varieties namely Tajuk, Bima, and Siem. Srikayang variety hads a weight tuber of 5.47 g, while Tajuk 3.65 g; Bima 5.69 g; and Siem 4.14 g. Total of tubers per clump Srikayang more than other varieties that was 9.82 Tajuk; 8.37, Bima, 6.78 and Siem 9.37. The results of statistical analysis show that Siem and Srikayang were not significantly different. Srikayang had highest of total of bulb was 50.03 g and yield was 10.63 tonnes/ha. The brightness of Srikayang was the highest 43.74 compared to other varieties. Srikayang variety had the highest panelist acceptance value of 3.33 means that this variety was favored based on the result of organoleptic test. From the result of research it can be concluded that Srikayang decent cultivated because it hads moreadvantages compared to other varieties (Tajuk, Bima, and Siem).
Kloning Gen Coat Protein (CP) Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) pada Vektor Ekspresi [Cloning of Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Coat Protein Gene into Expression Vector]
Authors: Diningsih Erniawati
Published: December 2021

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) termasuk anggota genus Carmovirus dalam famili Tombusviridae. Virus ini banyak ditemukan menginfeksi tanaman anyelir di Jawa Barat dan menyebabkan gejala mottle. Sebagai langkah awal untuk memproduksi antiserum melalui teknik ekspresi gen CP perlu diklon pada vektor yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan klon CarMV yang berfungsi melalui kloning dan subkloning gen CP CarMV ke dalam vektor ekspresi yang sesuai. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi RNA total dan amplifikasi cDNA CarMV dengan RT-PCR, menggunakan primer spesifik CarMVF dan CarMVR yang mengandung situs enzim restriksi XhoI dan BamHI, kloning dan subkloning DNA sisipan, serta konfirmasi transforman. Rekombinan gen sisipan CP CarMV dalam bakteri dikonfirmasi dengan koloni PCR. Gen CP CarMV berhasil dikloning ke dalam TA vektor pTZ57R/T dan disubkloning ke vektor ekspresi pET28a. Sekuen rekombinan CP CarMV berhasil dikonfirmasi melalui perunutan DNA. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mendapatkan produksi antigen rekombinan yang melimpah pada bakteri ekspresi dan kondisi yang sesuai.

Keywords

Dianthus caryophillus L.; Carmovirus; Kloning; Subkloning; Bakteri ekspresi

Abstract

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) is a type member of Carmovirus genus in family of Tombusvirus. The virus infects carnation plants in the centre area production of West Java and it cause mottle symptoms. The research aimed to obtain functional clone(s) of CarMV CP gene in suitable expression kloning vector. The research was carried out through several steps, namely total RNA extraction and amplification of cDNA of CP CarMV by RT-PCR using specific primer pairs CarMVF and CarMVR containing restriction enzyme sites XhoI and BamHI, respectively, TA cloning, and subcloning into expression vector pET28a and confirmation of recombinant plasmids by colony PCR. CarMV CP gen was successfully cloned into TA cloning vector pTZ57R/T and subcloned into vector pET28a, alsowere confirmed by DNA sequencing. Future experiment is necessary to be conducted to obtain abundance recombinant antigen production of CarMV CP in suitable expression condition and bacterial host.
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Cabai Giling Menggunakan Metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing dengan Pendekatan Arrhenius (Estimation of Shelf Life Ground Chillies Using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing Method with Arrhenius Approach)
Authors: Iswari Kasma
Published: December 2021

Untuk memperpanjang masa simpan cabai giling yang diperdagangkan, perlu dilakukan pengemasan sebaik mungkin sehingga tidak terkontaminasi mikroba. Di samping itu diperlukan informasi masa simpan untuk menjamin bahwa cabai giling sampai di tangan konsumen belum mengalami kerusakan dan masih layak dikonsumsi. Salah satu cara untuk menduga umur simpan secara cepat adalah dengan metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian bertujuan menduga umur simpan cabai giling melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen BPTP Sumatra Barat pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Penyimpanan dilakukan menggunakan kemasan botol plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) dan kantong plastik PP 0,8 mm pada suhu 3ºC, 29ºC, dan 35ºC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaksi kinetika penurunan mutu cabai giling mengikuti ordo satu. Pendugaan umur simpan paling lama diperoleh pada perlakuan pemanasan cabai giling selama 25 menit kemudian dikemas dengan botol PET, disimpan pada suhu 3°C, yaitu 211,41 hari, dengan model matematika penurunan mutu Lnk =14,883-7154,67(1/T). Jika disimpan pada suhu 29˚C dan 35˚C masing-masing umur simpan hanya 53,26 hari dan 27,21 hari.

Keywords

Umur simpan; Pengolahan; Cabai giling

Abstract

To extend the shelf life of traded ground chilies, good packaging is necessary in order not to be contaminated by microbes. In addition, information on shelf life is needed to ensure that the ground chillies that arrive at consumers have not been damaged and are still fit for consumption. One way to quickly estimate shelf life is by using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method, through the Arrhenius approach. The research aimed to estimate the shelf life of ground chillies through the Arrhenius approach. The research was conducted at the Postharvest Laboratory of BPTP West Sumatra from May to October 2018. Storage was carried out using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and 0.8 mm PP plastic bags at temperatures of 3ºC, 29ºC, and 35ºC. The results showed that the reaction kinetics of quality deterioration of ground chillies followed order 1. The longest estimated shelf life was obtained in the heating treatment of ground chilies for 25 minutes then packed with PET bottles, stored at 3°C, that is 211.41 days, with a mathematical model of quality degradation Lnk = 14.883-7154.67 (1/T). If stored at 29oC and 35oC, the shelf life is only 53.26 days and 27.21 days, respectively.
Pergeseran Pola Konsumsi Buah Nasional di Awal Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (The Shifting of National Fruit Consumption Pattern at the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic Period)
Authors: Mufidah Lyli , Zamzami Lizia , Hanif Zainuri
Published: December 2021

Studi pola konsumsi buah nasional sebelum dan di awal masa pandemi Covid-19 perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah awal inventarisasi ada atau tidaknya pergeseran, agar strategi dan antisipasi pembenahan dapat dirancang sejalan dengan upaya mewujudkan ketahanan dan keberlanjutan pangan. Empat ratus enam puluh enam responden terlibat dalam studi ini, melalui survei yang dilaksanakan secara daring. Metode analisis deskriptif, uji tanda, dan Fishers exact test digunakan. Hasil studi mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran pola konsumsi sebelum dan pada awal masa pandemi covid-19 untuk lima atribut, yaitu (1) dana alokasi pengeluaran buah per bulan, (2) frekuensi pembelian, (3) tempat, (4) kesulitan dalam perolehan, dan (5) jenis buah nasional yang dikonsumsi. Pergeseran ini menjadi isyarat perlunya upaya peningkatan kesadaran konsumsi buah nasional untuk menjaga imunitas dan krusialnya sinergi antara produsen dan distributor akan rantai pasok yang efisien dan efektif, serta penggunaan platform digital. Pembenahan diharapkan membuat konsumen dapat menikmati buah nasional berkualitas dari rumah dengan harga yang terjangkau. Segmentasi demografis berdasarkan kelompok umur dapat menjadi pertimbangan penyedia, karena memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan atribut pola konsumsi kedua sampai kelima. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memotret dampak pergeseran terhadap supply dan value chain.

Keywords

Daring; Imunitas; Preferensi konsumen; Rantai pasok; Sinergi

Abstract

Studies of national fruit consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period need to be carried out as an initial step for improvement to achieve food sustainability. A total of 466 respondents were involved in the survey which was conducted online. Descriptive analysis, sign test, and Fishers exact test were used. The results indicated there was a shift in consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period, in terms of (1) expenditure allocation for fruit per month, (2) frequency, (3) place of purchase, (4) difficulties in procurement, and (5) types of national fruit consumed. The shift is a sign of the need for efforts to increase awareness of national fruit consumption. The synergy between producers and distributors to form an efficient and effective supply chain, and the use of digital platforms, is crucial, so that consumers can enjoy high quality national fruit from home at affordable prices. Demografic segmentation based on age group can be considered by providers, because it has a significant relationship with the second to fifth consumption pattern attributes. Further studies are needed to capture the shift impact on the supply and value chain.
Investigation On Stabilization/Solidification Characteristics of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Innovative Composite Model of Cement And Soda Residue
Authors: An Xiaoyu , Zuo Dianjun , Wang Fei , Liang Chao
Published: December 2021

The cement solidification/stabilization method of heavy metal contaminated soils has been promoted in engineering practice and applied on a large scale for site remediation, but it still reveals some scientific problems in the current complex and variable global extreme climate. To solve these problems and explore cement-based soil remediation technology, this study used the waste soda residue produced in large quantities in the "ammonia-soda process" as a composite additive, and established an innovative composite model of cement and soda residue by adding different ratios, which was applied to the remediation experiments of lead-contaminated soil. The innovative composite model solidification/stabilization of cement and soda residue for unconfined compressive strength and toxic leaching properties under different soil environmental conditions were investigated. Moreover, curing and leaching mechanisms are discussed, and future industrial practice was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of soda residue improved the early (20 days) unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the composite curing agent for lead-contaminated soil by an average of 23.1% Mpa. When the percentage of soda residue composite was 40%, the UCS strength was 0.96 Mpa, which reached the maximum. The concentration of Pb2+ in the leachate of the cement-soda residue composite curing agent was greatly reduced (average 3.28 times) compared with that of a single cement in the same situation, with an average leached Pb2+ concentration of 1.87 mg·L-1. This indicates that the addition of alkali residue improved the curing effect. The curing mechanism was divided into four steps, mainly a complex physicochemical reaction between the cement-soda residue composite and soil particles. The leaching mechanism of cement-soda residue to aqueous solution is mainly the consumption of acid ions by alkaline substances. This study will provide scientific data to support potential lead-containing soil in site remediation technologies and future large-scale engineering applications.
Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Peptibody To Deplete Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in a Murine Mammary Carcinoma Model
Authors: akbari khadijeh ramezani-ali , Khaki-Bakhtiarvand Vahid , Mahmoudian Jafar , Asgarian-Omran Hossein , Shokri Fazel , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad , Jeddi-Tehrani Mahmood , Shabani Mahdi
Published: December 2021

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an immature heterogeneous population of myeloid lineage that attenuate the anti-tumor immune responses. Depletion of MDSCs has been shown to improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we produced and characterized a recombinant peptibody capable of recognizing and depleting murine MDSCs. Using SOE-PCR, the coding sequence of the MDSC binding peptide and linker were synthesized and then ligated into a home-made expression plasmid containing mouse IgG2a Fc. The peptibody construct was transfected into CHO-K1 cells by lipofectamine 3000 reagent and the resulting fusion protein was purified with protein G column and subsequently characterized by ELISA, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. The binding profile of the peptibody to splenic MDSCs and its MDSC depletion ability were then tested by flow cytometry. The purified peptibody appeared as a 70 kDa band in Western blot. It could bind to 98.8% of splenic CD11b+/Gr-1+ MDSCs. In addition, the intratumoral MDSCs were significantly depleted after peptibody treatment compared to their PBS-treated negative control counterparts (P <0.05). In this study, a peptibody capable of depleting intratumoral MDSCs, was produced. Our results imply that it could be considered as a potential drug effective for immunotherapy of cancers.
Effects of low concentration of proanthocyanidins and oxidation conditions on myofibrillar protein in chicken breast muscle
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Zheng Zhuoqi , Li Songyan
Published: December 2021

In this study, the effect of low concentration of proanthocyanidins (extracted from grape seeds) on the gel properties of chicken breast myofibrillar protein was studied. The addition of proanthocyanidins could strengthen the spatial structure of myofibrillar proteins and slow down the gel oxidation. The threshold value of the addition amount of proanthocyanidins refers to the threshold value of NaNO2, a commonly used food additive in meat products, closer to the actual production and application. In the threshold range, low concentration of proanthocyanidins had more stable water retention and slower structural decay. High concentration of proanthocyanidins’ gel (PG) had better stability in the first ten days, but a rapid decline occurred after 10 days. Raman microscope showed that the gel formed after adding proanthocyanidins had more compact spatial structure and smaller pore size, which was more conducive to maintaining water content. In this experiment, when the amount of proanthocyanidins exceeded the national standard threshold, the spatial structure of the gel was destroyed, and the data were disordered. Proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds (PFGS) could be appropriately added within the national standard threshold, which was beneficial to the stability, oxidation resistance and texture of the gel. Therefore, improving the stability of protein gel systems was important for the design and development of novel food products.
Simulative Investigation of FMCW Based Optical Photonic Radar And Its Different Configurations
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Malhotra Jyoteesh
Published: December 2021

Intelligent transportation is becoming integral part of future smart cities where driverless operations may provide hassle free conveyance. Photonic radar technology is one such contender to deliver attractive applications in autonomous vehicle sector. In this paper we have discussed the basic principle of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) photonic radar and their possible advantages. Further the basic detection schemes that is direct detection and coherent detection is explained mathematically as well as numerical simulations to understand workings is also carried out. The obtained results concludes that direct detection scheme provides minimal complexity in its architecture and is sensitive to received signal strength at the cost of thermal noise and poor sensitivity. On the other hand, coherent detection offers higher target range estimation as well as velocity measurement at the expense of increased system complexity.
Acupuncture In The Real World: Evaluating a 15-Year NADA Auricular Acupuncture Service For Breast Cancer Survivors Experiencing Hot Flushes And Night Sweats As a Consequence of Adjuvant Hormonal Therapies
Authors: de Valois Beverley , Young Teresa Elaine , Thorpe Pam , Degun Tarsem , Corbishley Karen
Published: December 2021

PurposeWhile clinical trials provide valuable data about efficacy of interventions, findings often do not translate into clinical settings. We report real world clinical outcomes of a 15-year service offering breast cancer survivors auricular acupuncture to manage hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS) associated with adjuvant hormonal treatments. This service evaluation aims to 1) assess whether usual practice alleviates symptoms in a clinically meaningful way and 2) compare these results with scientific evidence. MethodsData were analysed from 415 referrals to a service offering women eight standardised treatments using the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) protocol. Outcome measures administered at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and four- and 18- weeks after EOT included Hot Flush Diaries, Hot Flush Rating Scale (HFRS) and Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ).Results2285 treatments were given to 300 women; 275 (92.3%) completed all eight treatments. Median daily frequency of HFNS reduced from 9.6 (IQR 7.3) to 5.7 (IQR 5.8) at EOT and 6.3 (IQR 6.5) 18 weeks after EOT. HFRS problem rating showed a clinically meaningful reduction of ≥2 points at all measurement points. WHQ showed improvements in several symptoms associated with the menopause. Two adverse events were reported, neither were serious. Results are comparable to published research.ConclusionThis first analysis of a long-term auricular acupuncture service compares favourably with outcomes of other studies for reducing HFNS frequency and associated menopausal symptoms. In day-to-day clinical practice, NADA appears to be a safe effective intervention for breast cancer survivors.
Grasslands And Forests In Nebraska Are Vulnerable To Tree Invasion From Roadsides
Authors: Hogan Katharine F.E. , Fogarty Dillon T. , Ellerman Hugh , Fill Christopher T. , Morales Daniel , Seguin Baxter , Uden Daniel R. , Allen Craig R.
Published: December 2021

Roadsides can be vectors for tree invasion within grasslands by bisecting landscapes and facilitating propagule spread to interior habitat. Current invasive tree management in North America’s Great Plains focuses on reducing on-site (i.e., interior habitat) vulnerability through on-site prevention and eradication, but invasive tree management of surrounding areas known to serve as invasion vectors, such as roadsides and public rights-of-ways, is sporadic. We surveyed roadsides for invasive tree propagule sources in a southeastern Nebraska grassland landscape to determine how much of the surrounding landscape is potentially vulnerable to roadside invasion, and by which species, and thereby, provide insights into the locations and forms of future landcover change. Invasive tree species were widespread in roadsides. Given modest seed dispersal distances of 100-200 m, our results show that roadsides have potential to serve as major sources of grassland exposure to tree invasion, compromising up to 44% of grasslands in the Denton Hills. Under these dispersal distances, funds spent removing trees on grassland properties may have little impact on the landscape’s overall vulnerability, due to exposure driven by roadside propagule sources. A key implication from this study is that roadsides, while often neglected from management, represent an important component of integrated management strategies for reducing grassland vulnerability to tree invasion.
Neuron Navigator 3 (NAV3) is Required for Heart Development in Zebrafish
Authors: Lv Feng , Ge Xiaojuan , Qian Peipei , Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Dong , Chen Changsheng
Published: December 2021

As a tightly controlled biological process, cardiogenesis requires the specification and migration of a suite of cell types to form a particular three-dimensional configuration of the heart. Many genetic factors are involved in the formation and maturation of the heart, and any genetic mutations may result in severe cardiac failures. The neuron navigator (NAV) family consists of three vertebrate homologs (NAV1, NAV2, and NAV3) of the neural guidance molecule Uncoordinated-53 (UNC-53) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although they are recognized as neural regulators, their expressions are also detected in many organs, including the heart, kidney, and liver. However, the functions of NAVs, regardless of neural guidance, remain largely unexplored. In our study, we found that nav3 gene was expressed in the cardiac region of zebrafish embryos from 24 to 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf) by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. A CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing method was utilized to delete the nav3 gene in zebrafish and loss-of-function of Nav3 resulted in a severe deficiency in its cardiac morphology and structure. The similar phenotypic defects of the knockout mutants could recur by nav3 morpholino injection and be rescued by nav3 mRNA injection. Dual-color fluorescence imaging of ventricle and atrium markers further confirmed the disruption of the heart development in nav3-deleted mutants. Although the heart rate was not affected by the deletion of nav3, the heartbeat intensity was decreased in the mutants. All these findings indicate that Nav3 was required for cardiogenesis in developing zebrafish embryos.
Process Simulation Integrated Life Cycle Net Energy Analysis and GHG Assessment of Fuel-Grade Bioethanol Production from Unutilized Rice Straw
Authors: Jayasundara Piyumali Mewanthika , Jayasinghe Thisara Kaveendra , Rathnayake Mahinsasa
Published: December 2021

The life cycle stage of paddy rice cultivation can be excluded with a zero-inventory allocation rule for the life cycle scenario of bioethanol production from unutilized rice straw, i.e., rice straw with no applied valorization in current practice. Accordingly, this study evaluates the life cycle net energy analysis and greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment for a scaled-up bioethanol production plant using unutilized rice straw as the feedstock. The process simulation technique is integrated to model a scaled-up production plant to produce bioethanol at 99.7 vol% purity from unutilized rice straw, and the simulation results are retrieved to calculate inventory data for life cycle assessment (LCA). The simulated mass flow and energy flow results are comparable with that of real plants, reported in the published literature, which validates the process simulations in this study. Inclusive of energy generation using the waste flows in the process (i.e., wastewater and solid residues), the life cycle net energy analysis results show a net energy gain of 7,804.0 MJ/m3 of bioethanol with a net renewable energy gain of 38,230.9 MJ/m3 of bioethanol that corresponds to a net energy ratio of 1.20 and renewability factor of 5.49. The life cycle GHG assessment exhibits a net global warming potential of 584.8 kg CO2 eq./m3 of bioethanol. The effect of system boundary expansion up to the end-of-life stage as gasohol (E10), the sensitivity of the key process parameters, and the economic benefit via valorization of unutilized rice straw are further analyzed and discussed.
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Nuthatches From the Genus Sitta (Aves: Passeriformes: Sittidae) and Mitogenome-Based Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Yuan Qing-Miao , Luo Xu , Cao Jing , Duan Yu-Bao
Published: December 2021

Background

Nuthatches (genus Sitta) comprise a group of Passeriformes. With the publication of more mitochondrial genome data, there has been considerable focus on the taxonomic status of the nuthatches. To understand the phylogenetic position of Sitta and phylogenetic relations within this genus, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes of three species, S. himalayensis, S. nagaensis and S. yunnanensis, making this the first account of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) for this genus.
Results

The mitochondrial genomes of three Sitta species are 16,822-16,830 bp in length and consisted of 37 genes and a control region. This study recovered the same gene arrangement found in the mitogenomes of Gallus gallus, which is considered the typical ancestral avian gene order. All tRNAs were predicted to form the typical cloverleaf secondary structures. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of sequences of 18 species obtained a well-supported topology. The family Sittidae is the sister-group of Troglodytidae, and the genus Sitta can be divided into 3 major clades. We demonstrated the phylogenetic relationships within genus Sitta (S. carolinensis + (S. villosa + S. yunnanensis + (S. himalayensis + (S. europaea + S. nagaensis)))).
Bioethanol Production From Hassawi Rice Straw Wastes Assisted by Aspergillus sp. NAS51 Cellulosic Enzyme Under SSF and Saccharification Process With in Silico Enzyme Structural Homology Modeling
Authors: Shalabi Ahmed Ahmed Abdelghani Hamed Abdalla , Ibrahim Hala A. , Khedr Mohamed , Badawy Mona Shaban E. M. , Alamri Saad , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shati Ali A. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Abd-Rabbo Hisham S.M. , Fawy Khalid F. , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Awwad Nasser S.
Published: December 2021

With the distribution of exploitable non-renewable energy resources, the use of lignocellulosic wastes to make bioethanol and biogas has drawn great attention from researchers. In our effort to find a potent cellulase-producing fungal strain, the fungus NAS51 was isolated from a sponge collected from the Red Sea, Jeddah, among eight isolates and selected as it displayed potent cellulolytic activity. The fungus was identified morphologically and genetically by sequencing its 18SrRNA gene as Aspergillus sp. NAS51. The cellulase activity of Aspergillus sp. NAS51 was optimized and maximum enzyme production was obtained at initial pH7, temp 30oC, incubation period 11 days, moisture content 70%, urea as a nitrogen source, and K2HPO4 (2g/L). The cellulase gene has been sequenced and the protein 3D structure was generated via in silico homology modeling. Determination of binding sites and biological annotations of the constructed protein was carried out via COACH and COFACTOR based on the I-TASSER structure prediction. To reach the maximum enzyme hydrolysis, the rice straw collected from Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was pretreated with NaOH 1.5% to remove lignin and to enhance the saccharification process by cellulase enzyme. The saccharified product was measured using HPLC, fermented by S. cerevisiae and the bioethanol yield produced from the fermentation was 0.454 ml ethanol/g fermentable sugars.
Panel Data Analysis of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction On High-Quality Development of Logistics Industry in Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Fan Linbang , Liu Hui , Shao Zhaoxia , Li Cunfang
Published: December 2021

With the implementation of China's carbon neutrality policy, the Yangtze River Delta region, as a benchmark for the development of China's logistics industry, calls for great concern, accompanying the energy consumption and environmental problems. In order to explore how China's logistics industry can achieve both energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) and high-quality development in the context of carbon neutrality, this study analyzes the relationship between the development of logistics industry and the economy, energy together with environment in the Yangtze River Delta region based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook from 2001 to 2019, by means of the Entropy method and PVAR model. The main findings are summarized as follows: firstly, the economy, industrial structure, energy and environment all have significant impact on the development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region. Secondly, the development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region is not balanced, and the provinces including Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui have great differences in economy, industrial structure, demographic dividend, energy consumption and environmental protection, and the possibility of complementary advantages. Thirdly, the economic development and energy consumption are two-way effects. Environmental protection is relevant to economic development, industrial structure, energy consumption and logistics supply. Finally, in the context of carbon neutrality, this paper gives some suggestions on how to realize the high-quality development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region while considering energy consumption and environmental protection.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy is Associated With Less Cardiac Toxicity Than Combination Therapy
Authors: Cone Eugene B. , Haeuser Lorine , Reese Stephen , Marchese Maya , Nguyen David-Dan , Nabi Junaid , Chou Wesley H. , Noldus Joachim , McKay Rana R. , Kilbridge Kerry Laing , Trinh Quoc-Dien
Published: December 2021

Background: Treatment options for many cancers include immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and combination therapy with impressive clinical benefit across cancers. We sought to define the comparative cardiac risks of ICI combination and monotherapy.Methods: We used VigiBase, the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, to identify cardiac ADRs (cADRs), such as carditis, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and valvular dysfunction, related to ICI therapy. To explore possible relationships, we used the reporting odds ratio (ROR) as a proxy of relative risk. A lower bound of a 95% confidence interval of ROR > 1 reflects a disproportionality signal that more ADRs are observed than expected due to chance.Results: We found 2278 cADR for ICI monotherapy and 353 for ICI combination therapy. Combination therapy was associated with significantly higher odds of carditis(ROR 6.9, 95% CI: 5.6–8.3) versus ICI monotherapy (ROR 5.0, 95% CI: 4.6-5.4).Carditis in ICI combination therapy was fatal in 23.4% of reported ADRs, compared to15.8% for ICI monotherapy (P = 0.058).Conclusions: Using validated pharmacovigilance methodology, we found increased odds of carditis for all ICI therapies, with the highest odds for combination therapy.Given the substantial risk of severe ADR and death, clinicians should consider these findings when prescribing checkpoint inhibitors.
Investigation into the Protective Effects of Hypaconitine and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Against Chronic Heart Failure of the Rats
Authors: Wang Liqin , Deng Haiming , Wang Tengyu , Qiao Yun , Zhu Jianbing , Xiong Mingfeng
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the protective effects of hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) against chronic heart failure (CHF) in the rats and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods The CHF rat model was established by transverse-aortic constriction (TAC) operation. The total cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined by ELISA assay. The protein expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the rat ventricular tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The serum metabolites were determined by LC-MS/MS assay.ResultsHA + GA treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of TCHO and TG in the CHF rats. The expression of FGF2 and VEGFA protein was up-regulated and the expression of eNOS protein was down-regulated in the ventricular tissues of CHF rats, which was significantly restored after HA + GA treatment. HA + GA treatment down-regulated serum isonicotinic acid, phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, estrogen glucuronide, and glycocholic acid, up-regulated serum sphingosine and deoxycholic acid in the CHF rats.ConclusionIn conclusion, HA +GA showed protective effects on CHF in the rats, and the HA + GA may exert protective effects by reducing lipid levels, up-regulating the expression of FGF2 and VEGFA proteins, attenuating eNOS protein expression, and modulating metabolic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HA + GA-mediated effects still require further examination.
Anthropogenic Climate Change Drives the Melting of Glaciers in the Himalaya
Authors: Romshoo Shakil A , Murtaza Khalid Omar , Shah Waheed , Ramzan Tawseef , Ameen Ummer , Bhat Mustafa Hameed
Published: December 2021

The Himalayan glaciers supply water to a large population in south Asia for various uses and ecosystem services. Therefore, regional monitoring of glacier melting and identifying the drivers thereof is important to understand and predict the future trends of cryospheric melting. Using multi-date satellite images from 2000-2020, we investigated the shrinkage, snout retreat, thickness changes, mass loss and velocity changes of 77 glaciers in the Drass basin, western Himalaya, India. The overall glacier cover has shrunk by 5.31±0.33 km2 during the period. Snout retreat varied between 30-430 m (mean 155±9.58 m). Debris-cover showed a significant influence on the glacier melting with the clean glaciers showing a higher loss of ~5% compared to the debris-covered glaciers (~2%). The glaciers on an average have shown thickness change and mass loss of -1.27±0.37 and -1.08±0.31 m w.e.a-1 respectively. Average glacier velocity has reduced from 21.35±3.3 m a-1 in 2000 to 16.68±1.9 m a-1 by 2020 due to the continuous melting and the consequent mass loss of the glaciers. Concentration of the greenhouse gases (GHGs), black carbon and other pollutants from vehicular traffic plying in the vicinity of the glaciers has significantly increased during the observation period. Increasing temperatures, result of the significant increase of the GHGs and pollutants in the atmosphere, drive the glacier melting in the study area. If the situation continues in the future, the glaciers may disappear altogether in the Himalaya leading to significant impact on the regional water supplies, hydrological processes, ecosystem services and transboundary sharing of waters.
Impact of Sectoral Decompositions of Electricity Consumption On Economic Growth In India: Evidence From SVAR Framework
Authors: Bal Debi Prasad , Patra Sujit Kumar , Mohanty Seba
Published: December 2021

This study examine the effects of electricity consumption from different sectors such as agricultural, commercial, domestic, Industrial (HV), Industrial (LV-MV) and Miscellaneous sector on economic growth over the period of 1981-2019 in case of India. We used SVAR framework and concluded that the consumption of electricity from agriculture sector has a negative impact on economic growth. Whereas, the Industrial (HV and MV-LV) and commercial electricity consumption have positive impact on economic growth. Similarly, electricity consumption by the domestic sector has less positive effect on economic growth. Further, we computed the total factor productivity growth (TFP) by using DEA method and show the effects of sector wise electricity consumption on TFP as the robustness of our analysis. We obtain similar kind of results. From the policy perceptive, the study suggests that government must speed up the construction of a power grid to improve the availability of electricity for achieving higher rate of economic growth.
TaLBD1, a LOB Transcription Factor Gene In T. Aestivum, Improves Plant N Starvation Adaptation Via Modulating N Acquisition-Associated Processes
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Ni Chenyang , Li Tianjiao , Han Le , Du Pingping , Xiao Kai
Published: December 2021

Members of transcription factor (TF) families contribute largely to plant N starvation tolerance by regulating downstream stress defensive genes. In this study, we characterized TaLBD1, a Lateral Organ Boundary (LOB) TF gene in T. aestivum, in regulating plant low-N stress adaptation. TaLBD1 harbors the conserved domains specified by plant LOB proteins, targeting onto nucleus after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assortment. The TaLBD1 transcripts were response sensitively to N starvation (NS) signaling, showing to be gradually upregulated in aerial and root tissues over a 27-h NS condition. The N. tabacum lines overexpressing TaLBD1 improved phenotype, root system architecture (RSA) establishment, biomass, and N contents of plants under NS treatment. The nitrate transporter gene NtNRT2.4 and PIN-FORMED gene NtPIN6 significantly upregulated in expression in NS-challenged lines; knockdown expression of NtNRT2.4 decreased N uptake and that of NtPIN6 alleviated RSA establishment relative to WT. These results validate the function of NRT and PIN genes in regulating plant N uptake and RSA behavior. RNA-seq analyses revealed that a quantity of genes modify expression in N-deprived lines overexpressing TaLBD1, which enriched into functional groups of signal transduction, transcription, protein biosynthesis, primary or secondary metabolism, and stress defensiveness. These findings suggested that the TaLBD1-improved NS adaptation attributes largely to its role in transcriptionally regulating NRT and PIN genes as well as in modulating those functional in various biological processes. TaLBD1 is a crucial regulator in plant N starvation tolerance and valuable target for molecular breeding high N use efficiency (NUE) crop cultivars.
Differential Fatty Acids and Stress Biomarkers Responses in Native (Carcinus Aestuarii) and Invasive (Portunus Segnis) Crabs Exposed to Environmental Pollution
Authors: BEJAOUI safa , CHETOUI Imene , GHRIBI Feriel , FOUZAI Chaima , TRABELSI Wafa , ZERELI Sonia , CAFSI Mhamed EL , SOUDANI Nejla
Published: December 2021

The present work aims to determine and compare the tolerance to different stress environmental conditions in two crabs’ species the native Carcinus aestuarii and the invasive Portunus segnis. In this study, C.aestuarii appeared more intolerant to environmental stressor as shown by the important changes occurred on the proximate, fatty acids and their essential compounds comparing to P.segnis. Our results revealed accumulation of metallic trace elements, macromolecular damages and antioxidant defense systems perturbations mostly in C.aesuarii gills and muscles than P.segnis, thus highlighting the importance of a multi-markers approach to assess the urban pollution in coastal ecosystems. According to this study, fatty acid profiles and oxidative stress biomarker examination of both crabs indicate that the different environmental stresses significantly influence the tolerance of C.aestuarii compared to the invasive P.segnis which may provide physiological advantages for the achievement of their invasion in novel ecosystems.
WITHDRAWN: Yoga Versus Physical Therapy In Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lysogorskaia Elena , Ivanov Timur , Ulmasbaeva Elena , Mendalieva Aynagul , Youshko Maxim , Brylev Lev
Published: December 2021

Background. Yoga originated in the territory of modern India more than 3000 years ago and uses techniques for working with the musculoskeletal system, cardiorespiratory system and attention. Currently, the effectiveness and safety of yoga in patients with various neurological disorders, including MS, is of interest to many scientists and clinicians. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of yoga on symptoms and quality of life in patients with MS versus physical therapy (exercise therapy) and no exercise.Methods. The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups (yoga, PT, or waiting list), patients from the waiting list had an opportunity to enter the yoga program after the end of the trial period. After 12 weeks of regular exercises (or absence of them), the effect of yoga and PT on the functional status and quality of life of patients were evaluated. The MS treatment was a part of routine practice, as prescribed by the treating neurologist. The data was collected during the patients’ two visits to the study center - before the start of the study and at the end of the 12-week period. The in-person examination included a doctor's assessment of the EDSS, the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, the fatigue scale, the Berg balance scale, the 6-minute walking test.Results. A total of 36 patients finished the clinical study: 30 women and 6 men. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of improvement in MS symptoms as measured by the balance, walking test and fatigue scales. However, in the analysis of the 8 criteria of SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire the covariation analysis statistically significant differences were found in favor of the yoga group in terms of physical functioning (PF) (p=0.003), life activity (VT) (p<0.001), mental health (MH) (p=013), social functioning (SF) (p=0.028). Conclusions. Thus, regular yoga classes under the guidance of qualified staff are a promising method of non-drug rehabilitation of patients with MS with motor disorders. More research is needed to examine the impact of yoga on clinical patient improvement and quality of life indicators.Trial registration. ISRCTN15486200 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15486200
Association between Insomnia and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Among Chinese Steelworkers: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Wang Lihua , Zhang Shengkui , Yu Miao , Yuan Juxiang
Published: December 2021

Background: Insomnia is a common prevalent sleep disorder. Difficulty maintaining sleep or poor in quality in insomnia caused by disrupted or misaligned circadian rhythms may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to examine the association between insomnia and subclinical atherosclerosis in Chinese steelworkers.Methods: A total of 3582 subjects from a large enterprise located in northern China were included in this study. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to assess the status of insomnia. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements of carotid plaque. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify association between insomnia and carotid atherosclerosis.Results: The overall prevalence of insomnia and carotid plaque were 35.1% and 29.9% in the study population. Compared with non-insomnia workers, significantly increased odds of carotid plaque were observed among insomnia workers after adjustment for potential confounders, odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17 to 1.62. Exposure to current shift work and insomnia simultaneously can significantly elevated odds of carotid plaque. No significant association was found in female workers between insomnia and carotid plaque.Conclusion: Insomnia is associated with elevated odds of carotid atherosclerosis in male steelworkers. Insomnia problems of workers should receive further attention in occupational worker health interventions.
Sirt1 Protects Against Hippocampal Atrophy and its Induced Cognitive Impairment in Middle-aged Mice
Authors: Sun Zuhao , Zhao Shuang , Suo Xinjun , Dou Yan
Published: December 2021

Background: Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a recognized longevity gene and has been shown to be associated with aging and its related diseases. Hippocampal volume is considered to be the most sensitive brain imaging phenotype for cognition, but the effect of Sirt1 on hippocampal morphology during aging has not been reported. Results: Herein, we investigated the effect of conditional Sirt1 knockdown on hippocampal volume in middle-aged mice, as well as its cognitive function and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown caused hippocampal atrophy in 8-month-old mice. Open field test (OFT) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test revealed that hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown significantly weakened spatial learning and memory of mice without effect on anxiety and exploratory behavior. Western blotting analysis showed that p-tau levels were significantly increased while PSD95 levels were obviously reduced, indicating that hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown could activate tau pathology and synaptic damage.Conclusions: This work revealed that Sirt1 is an important protective gene against hippocampal atrophy and its induced cognitive impairment during aging, providing potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and intervention of aging-related neuropsychic diseases.
Disconnections in Personal Neglect
Authors: Bertagnoli Sara , Pacella Valentina , Rossato Elena , Jenkinson Paul M , Fotopoulou Akaterini , Scandola Michele , Moro Valentina
Published: December 2021

Personal neglect is a disorder in the perception and representation of the body that causes the patients to behave as if the contralesional side of their body does not exist. This clinical condition has not been adequately investigated in the past as it has been considered a symptom of unilateral spatial neglect, which has mainly been studied with reference to extrapersonal space. Only a few studies with small samples have investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of personal neglect, and these have mainly focused on discrete cortical lesions and modular accounts, as well as being based on the hypothesis that this disorder is associated with somatosensory and spatial deficits. In the present study, we tested the novel hypothesis that personal neglect may be associated not only with discrete cortical and subcortical lesions, but also with disconnections of white matter tracts. We performed an advanced lesion analyses in a large sample of 104 right hemisphere damaged patients, 68 of whom were suffering from personal neglect. Results from the analyses of the grey and white matter were controlled for co-occurrent clinical variables such as extrapersonal neglect, anosognosia for hemiplegia and motor deficits, along with other lesion-related variables such as lesion size, the interval from the lesion onset to neuroimaging recordings. Our results reveal that personal neglect is associated with lesions in a medial network which involves the temporal cortex (Heschl’s gyrus), the ventro-lateral nuclei of the thalamus, and the fornix. This suggests that personal neglect involves a convergence between sensorimotor processes, spatial representation and the processing of self-referred information (episodic memory).