bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of S-Metolachlor + Glyphosate for Weed Control in Different Levels of Eucalyptus Straw
Authors: Duque Tayna Souza , Oliveira Fernanda Santos , Souza Iasmim Marcella , Fernandes Bruno Caio Chaves , Da Silva Rodrigues Luma Loreiro , Silva Daniel Valadão , Dos Santos José Barbosa
Published: July 2023

The Eucalyptus genus is the most planted forest crop in the world, with Brazil being one of the countries with the greatest productive potential. However, the occurrence of weeds can cause losses in productivity. Chemical control is widely used, but the efficiency of herbicides depends on factors such as the presence of straw in the soil and the occurrence of rainfall. Due to the scarcity of results regarding the interaction between herbicide, straw, and water depth in the forest sector, the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of S-metolachlor + glyphosate in the control of grasses in different densities of eucalyptus straw and with simulated rain after the application of the product. The experiment was conducted in DBC, factorial 3×3×2, with four replications. The first factor represented 0, 50 and 100% of the commercial dose of S-metolachlor + glyphosate, the second 0, 5, and 10 ton ha-2 of straw, and the third 25 and 50mm of water depth applied in soil with a mix of grasses previously sowed. The rainfall simulation was performed 24 hours after herbicide application on each straw volume. The fresh mass of the aerial part of the grasses was collected 43 days after sowing and dried in an oven to determine the dry mass. Visual analyzes of the percentage of control were performed with scales ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents no control and 100 efficient control. The fresh and dry mass and the grasses' dry mass/water ratio decreased with increasing herbicide dosage and straw density. The dosage of 2.12 + 1.59 kg i.a. ha-1 of S-metolachlor + glyphosate resulted in greater control of grasses, and the treatments without straw and with the application of the herbicide had the highest percentages of control. Applying different water depths (25 mm or 50 mm) did not influence the control. Despite the control of grasses, the efficiency of the herbicide mixture was affected by the presence of vegetation cover.
Gut McIrobiomeis Associated with Hepatopancreatic and Gonadal Transcriptomes and Together They Impact on Growth Traits in M. rosenbergii
Authors: Xu Hongxiang , Ren Jindong , Xu Xiaojun , Lou Bao , Zhang Demin
Published: July 2023

In this study, we evaluated how gut microbes associated with hepatopancreatic and gonadal expression genes impact on growth traits in different sex of M. rosenbergii. By comparing the relative abundance of gut microbes between the male (high weight gain, HiWG) and female (low weight gain, LoWG) animals, we have shown that at the phyla, family and genera level, the abundance of microbes existed significantly difference between both group. At the genera level, the abundance of Candidatus Hepatoplasma and unidentified Chloroplast lower in the LoWG animals than in the HiWG animals, and Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus have opposed trend. The abundance of Candidatus Hepatoplasma and unclassfied Chloroplast was associated with the growth traits in the HiWG group. The Lolium perenne microbial species belong to unclassfied Chloroplast genera have tight association with Ralstonia pickettii, both might association on Geobacter anodirecteducens abundance, which correlation with the expression of glutathione peroxidase and collagen, which were highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and gonads of HiWG group animals of M. rosenbergii and might promote growth and development. These associations were not detected in the female LoWG group.
Water Scarcity in Central Asia: Case of Uzbekistan and Neighboring Countries
Authors: Ahn Young-Jin , Juraev Zuhriddin
Published: July 2023

This study examines the geopolitical dynamics of water conflicts in Central Asia, with a specific focus on Uzbekistan and its neighbors. Drawing upon a mixed methods approach within the framework of political geography, the research investigates the interactions among regional nations and the implications of population growth, agricultural industrialization, and economic competition, which heavily rely on shared irrigation systems and watersheds. The study establishes clear research objectives aimed at evaluating the water crisis in the region, addressing challenges in water management, and analyzing contentious issues. By uncovering historical and contemporary factors influencing water conflicts, regional power dynamics, and the complexities of water governance, the study highlights the potential for conflict, regional instability, and disruptions to peace resulting from population growth and economic competition within shared watersheds. The study concludes by providing recommendations to enhance regional cooperation, promote sustainable water management, and foster peacebuilding efforts. These recommendations draw on “soft power theory” and advocate for collaborative approaches. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders involved in water management and regional cooperation amid evolving geopolitical challenges. By contributing to informed decision-making and promoting strategies for sustainable development in the region, this study aims to support efforts toward effective water resource management and long-term stability in Central Asia. The implications of this research extend beyond the immediate region, serving as a reference for other areas facing similar water-related conflicts and providing a foundation for future studies in the field of geography.
Bromodomain Containing 9 Regulates Signaling Pathways and Reprograms the Epigenome in Human Uterine Fibroid Cells
Authors: Yang Qiwei , Vafaei Somayeh , Falahati Ali , Khosh Azad , Bariani Maria Victoria , Omran Mervat M , Bai Tao , Siblini Hiba , Ali Mohamed , He Chuan , Boyer Thomas G , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: July 2023

Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD protein dysfunction has been linked to many diseases, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRD proteins in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UFs) is entirely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the expression pattern of BRD9 protein in UFs and matching myometrium and further assess the impact of BRD9 inhibitors on UF phenotype and epigenetic/epitranscriptomic changes. Our studies demonstrated that the levels of BRD9 were significantly upregulated in UFs compared to matched myometrium, suggesting that the aberrant BRD protein expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of UFs. We then evaluated the potential roles of BRD9 using its specific inhibitor I-BRD9. Targeted inhibition of BRD9 suppressed the UF tumorigenesis with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, decreased cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition in UF cells. The latter is the key hallmark of UFs. Unbiased transcriptomic profiling coupled with downstream bioinformatics analysis further and extensively demonstrated that targeted inhibition of BRD9 impacted the cell cycle- and ECM-related biological pathways, reprogrammed the UF cell epigenome and epitranscriptome, and altered miRNA-mediated gene regulation in UFs. Taken together, our data support the critical role of BRD9 in UF cells and the strong interconnection between BRD9 and other pathways controlling the UF progression. Targeted inhibition of BRD proteins might provide a non-hormonal treatment option for this most common benign tumor in women of reproductive age.
Correlation between Radiological Characteristics, PET-CT and Histological Subtypes of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma–A 102 Case Series Analysis
Authors: Colic Nikola , Stevic Ruza , Savic Milan , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Kostic Marko , Vasic Madzarevic Jelena , Jankovic Jelena , Belic Slobodan , Petrovic Jelena , Bogosavljevic Nikola , Aleksandric Dejan , Lukic Katarina , Saponjski Dusan , Garabinovic Zeljko
Published: July 2023

Summarizing radiological characteristics between primary lung adenocarcinoma subtypes and correlate them with FDG uptake on PET-CT are important for further treatment. A PET-CT examination was performed on some of the patients and the values of SUV-max were also correlated with the histological and morphological characteristics of masses in the lungs. Results of this analysis showed that the mean size of AIS-MIA cancer was significantly lower than for all other cancer types, while mean size of the acinar cancer was smaller than in solid type of cancer. Metastases were significantly more frequent in solid adenocarcinoma than in acinar, lepidic and AIS-MIA cancer subtypes. The maximum standardized FDG uptake was significantly lower in AIS-MIA than in all other cancer types, and in acinar compared to solid cancer. Papillary adenocarcinoma had higher odds to develop contralateral lymph node involvement compared to other types. Solid adenocarcinoma was associated with higher odds of having metastases and with higher SUVmax. AIS-MIA was associated with lower odds of one unit increase in tumour size, ipsilateral lymph node involvement. Radiology has a significant role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, and in determining its prognosis, and influence on the decision on the method of treatment.
Hazard Degree Analysis of Wadi Malham, Saudi Arabia, Affecting the North Railway Infrastructure
Authors: Alqreai Fatmah Nassir , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed
Published: July 2023

The North Railway in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) extends over vast areas, crossing various terrains, including valleys, sand veins, plateaus, and hills. Therefore, the Railway was designed and implemented to suit this environmental diversity under the highest safety standards. However, the Railway may be subject to hazards for various reasons. In general, the possibility of direct surface runoff disasters increases if there are residential areas and facilities within the boundaries of drainage basins. Therefore, these areas should be studied, and the degree of hazard in drainage basins should be accurately determined. Hence, this study analyzed the degree of risk of 14 drainage basins affecting the North Train railway within the Wadi Malham drainage basin, using the risk degree model with eight parameters that have hydrological indications to give an idea of the behavior of direct surface runoff and interfere with increasing the risk of direct surface runoff. Researchers found 28.57% of the total basins in the study area have high-risk basin overall score values, which are basins 6, 7, 13, and 14. It is recommended to estimate the rainfall depth during different return periods, analyze soil permeability and land use classification in the study area, and apply hydrological modeling of drainage basins, which contributes to estimating the volume and peak of direct surface runoff in such arid and semi-arid environments that do not contain hydrometric stations to monitor the runoff. .
The Norepinephrine Transporter - Gβγ Subunit Interaction Promotes Norepinephrine Efflux through the Transporter: In silico and Functional Studies
Authors: Dinamarca-Villarroel Luis , Fierro Angelica , Torres Gonzalo E
Published: July 2023

Norepinephrine (NE) uptake through the NE transporter (NET) is the primary mechanism to ter-minate the action of this neurotransmitter. Dysregulation of brain NE levels is associated with various conditions, including attention deficits, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we identified an interaction between the related dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and G protein βγ subunits. Activation of Gβγ in cells and brain slices leads to DA efflux through DAT. However, the potential interaction between Gβγ and NET has not been reported. Here, we used a combina-tion of molecular modeling approaches to elucidate the structural details of the NET/Gβγ inter-action, supported by experimental evidence. Through 1.5µs of molecular dynamic simulation, we observed a favorable NET/Gβγ interaction mediated by the intracellular carboxy terminus of NET. As a consequence, the binding energy of NE for NET also changes resulting in alterations of the electrostatic profile of NET. We propose that these changes mediate the NE efflux effect. Fi-nally, we provide experimental evidence demonstrating that Gβγ physically interacts with NET and that the Gβγ activator mSIRK induces NE efflux through the transporter. These findings identified a novel interaction between Gβγ and NET and highlighted its potential implications in the regulation of NE neurotransmission and associated disorders.
Robust HER2 Grading of Breast Cancer Patients using Zero-shot Segment Anything Model (SAM)
Authors: Hossain Md Shakhawat , Syeed MM Mahbubul , Uddin Mohammad Faisal , Hasan Mahady , Shingla Shivam , Advani Suresh
Published: July 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 ) is an established gene associated with more aggressive and decreased survival of breast cancer (BC). HER2 grading is standard procedure for BC patients to determine their suitability for giving Trastuzumab, an US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapy for the treatment of HER2 positive BC patients. A HER2 positive patient benefits from the therapy but it may cause cardiac toxicity if given to a negative patient. Therefore, selecting the right patients to give this treatment is crucial. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) are the FDA-approved tests for HER2 grading. Clinically, the assessment is performed by counting signals manually from FISH slides. Existing automated methods fail when the color and shape of the nuclei and biomarkers vary. Moreover, a method designed for CISH doesn’t withstand FISH and vice-versa. In this study, we propose a robust HER2 grading system utilizing the segment anything model (SAM). The proposed system works for both FISH and CISH images regardless of the color and shape variations. We determined the HER2 status using the proposed system from serial-sectioned CISH and FISH specimens for the same patient, separately. Then, the results were compared with the pathologist’s manual FISH counts, which is the clinical reference. The proposed system achieved a high correlation using both FISH and CISH. The p-value (0.37) from the one-sided paired t-test and low bias (0.06) in the Bland-Altman plot ensured the system’s robustness for CISH and FISH based HER2 grading.
Agro-Based Spent Mushroom Compost Substrates Improve Soil Properties and Microbial Diversity in Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Huang Chunguo , Han Xiaoli , Luo Qian , Nie Yuanjun , Kang Min , Chen Yongjie , Tang Miaomiao , Fu Yayu , Li Xiaoliang , Chen Yinglong
Published: July 2023

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) substrates are commonly used as growth media for greenhouse crops and horticulture production. This study aimed to investigate the responses of physiochemical soil properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community compositions to different cultivation durations and SMC soil treatments on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in plastic greenhouses on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment included treatments: Two control treatments of non-planting SMC substrates (Sub CK) and continuous mono-cropping soil (Soil CK), and SMC substrate and the surrounding soil after planting at 1, 3, and 7 years. The results revealed that the SMC substrates had higher contents of major nutrients (e.g., total N and total P) than the surrounding soil treatments. The physicochemical soil properties and soil enzyme activities of the SMC substrates were significantly decreased with longer cultivation duration. Microbial alpha-diversity was higher in the SMC substrates regardless of cultivation duration than the control treatment (soil CK and substrate CK). Interestingly, following several years of tomato cultivation, the compositions of bacterial communities had more similarities with fungal communities in both the SMC substrates and surrounding soils. It was observed that many beneficial microbes, such as bacteria of the Deinococcus-Thermus, Halanaerobiaeota, and Nitrospirae phyla, and the fungi of the Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Chytridiomycota phyla were enriched in the SMC substrates. The pathogenic bacterial genus Sphingomonas and fungal genus Fusarium were abundant in the Soil CK treatment, while the potentially beneficial bacterial genera Saccharimonadales, Gaiella, Bacillus, and fungal genera Thermomyces, Kernia, and Mortierella were abundant in both the SMC substrate and surrounding soil. This study demonstrated that agro-based SMC substrates were a suitable growth media for a new grooved cultivation system.
Sustainable Consumption and the Drivers of Product Boycott in Europe
Authors: Jesus-Silva Natacha , Baptista Nuno , Mata Fernando , Dos-Santos Maria
Published: July 2023

Institutional sustainability is a dynamic and multifaceted concept that relies on the contributions of various institutions, including the legal and the scientific system. On the other side, consumers boycotts are an expression of political consumerism by which consumers can use their market power to attain sustainability objectives. This article explores institutional trust on the legal system and trust on scientists as potential drivers for consumers’ boycotts. Using data retrieved from the European Social Survey covering twenty-five countries, the study employs binary logistic regression to assess the importance of institutional trust and other potential drivers of product boycotts in Europe. Results confirm that boycotting behaviour is affected by institutional trust, as well as other individual variables including gender, age and life-cycle effects, education, interest in politics and level of satisfaction with the political system, generalized trust, personal well-being, and consumers’ use and perceptions of information and communication technologies. The results of this study enrich the literature on consumer boycotts and have implications for policymakers involved in sustainability initiatives.
Thorium Between Removing, Recovery and Recycling: A Membrane Challenge for Urban Mining
Authors: Man Geani Teodor , Albu Paul Constantin , Nechifor Aurelia Cristina , Grosu Alexandra Raluca , Tanczos Szidonia-Katalin , Grosu Vlad-Alexandru , Ioan Mihail-Răzvan , Nechifor Gheorghe
Published: July 2023

Although a slightly radioactive element, thorium is considered very toxic because its various species, which reach the environment, can constitute an important problem for the health of the population. The present paper aims to expand the possibilities of using membrane processes in the removal, recovery and recycling of thorium from industrial residues reaching the municipal waste processing platforms. The paper includes a short introduction on the interest shown for this element, a weak radioactive metal, followed by highlighting of some common (domestic) uses. In a distinct but concise part, the bio-medical impact of thorium is presented. The classic technologies for obtaining thorium are concentrated in a single schema, and then the speciation of thorium is presented with an emphasis on the formation of hydroxo-complexes and complexes with common organic reagents. The determination of thorium has been highlighted both on the basis of its radioactivity, but especially through methods that call for extraction followed by an established electrochemical, spectral or chromatographic method. Membrane processes are presented based on the electrochemical potential difference, rapidly presenting barro-membrane processes, electrodialysis, liquid membranes and hybrid processes. A separate sub-chapter is devoted to proposals and recommendations for the use of membranes in order to achieve some progress in urban mining for the valorization of thorium.
Impact of nutrients on gut microbiota
Authors:   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. , Zavyalova A.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

The influence of nutrition on the gut microbiome formation is undeniable. From the moment a childr is born, the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, the timing of introduction and choice of complementary foods shape his or her microbiome. Subsequently, acute and chronic diseases, drug exposure, and physical activity maintain the “health” of the luminal microbiome. Nutritional adequacy and balance in accordance with age standards, as well as eating habits are important for the formation of the gut microbiome. Various foods with prebiotic properties contribute to the microbiome biodiversity. This review describes the effects of foods, nutrients, and prebiotics on the microbiome of children, athletes, and the elderly. The system’s fluidity leads to metabolic changes that affect the whole body. The time span of this impact matters: it either changes the developmental vector with early influence or corrects the constants already in place. At the same time, the directions of microbiome modifications are diverse: from improving athletic performance to preventing sarcopenia and cachexia in older people. Key words: microbiota, prebiotics, children, athletes, sarcopenia
Population-based study of the prevalence of celiac disease among schoolchildren in Moscow
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Antishin A.S. , Polishchuk A.R. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Manina M.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tertychnyy A.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Drozdova Ju.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Erdes S.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

Objective. Examination of schoolchildren in Moscow using a specially designed questionnaire to identify children at risk of developing celiac disease. Patients and methods. The study enrolled 3070 Moscow schoolchildren aged 7–18 years old. Serological and genetic examinations were performed in 42 children at risk for celiac disease, including determination of IgA and IgE to wheat, IgA and IgG to tissue transglutaminase, and IgA to endomysium. Molecular HLA testing for alleles that predispose to celiac disease was conducted. Endoscopic and morphological diagnostics were performed when indicated. Results. The risk group for celiac disease amounted to 10.2% of all schoolchildren surveyed. According to the results of the questionnaire, children in the risk group significantly more often had abdominal pain, excess gas, bloating, flatulence, dyspeptic complaints (diarrhea, constipation, vomiting), asthma attacks or other forms of allergies, headache, joint or body pain, fatigue and weakness, mood swings, depression, anxiety, or episodes of emotional arousal. Changes in height, weight, delayed physical or sexual development, dental enamel defects, and skin rashes were also noted. Of the 42 children in the risk group, the DQ2 heterodimer was detected in 13 (31%) children, the DQ8 heterodimer – in 2 (4.8%), and a combination of DQ2 and DQ8 heterodimers – in 1 (2.4%). Thus, characteristic HLA haplotypes were identified in 38% of the examined children. Three children had IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (at >10 norm) and IgA anti-endomysium antibody titers. Conclusion. The method of questioning by means of a specially designed questionnaire for school-age children allows to identify individuals at risk of developing celiac disease. According to serological, genetic, endoscopic, and morphological investigations, the incidence of celiac disease among children at risk was 7.1%. The prevalence of celiac disease among school-age children in Moscow corresponds to global trends, amounting to 0.7%. Key words: questionnaire, gluten-free diet, cereals, gluten intolerance, celiac disease, children
Clinical features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in early childhood
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Antonyan V.V. , Shakirova A.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vyalykh A.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sarkisyan H.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9, Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Moreno I.G. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9, Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrova Yu.V. ,   G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9, Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Poghosyan A.S. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9, Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by conotruncal heart defects, an immunodeficiency state, and underdeveloped parathyroid glands. Contemporary medicine describes more than 180 clinical forms of this disease, which are usually classified under the heading “chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome” (D 82.1). Along with the above abnormalities, there are other malformations and pathological conditions in 22q11.2DS that not only complicate diagnosis, neonatal nursing, and further management, but also lead to an increased frequency of surgical interventions. This article presents 8 clinical cases of 22q11.2DS with multiple congenital disorders. The children under observation had malformations of the central nervous, maxillofacial, genitourinary, musculoskeletal systems, anorectal region, as well as diaphragmatic and inguinal hernias. Key words: multiple congenital disorders, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, conotruncal congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, anorectal malformations, hypoparathyroidism, delayed speech and psychomotor development, primary immunodeficiency
Local Metric Dimension of Certain Classes of Circulant Networks
Authors: Cynthia V. Jude Annie , Ramya M. , Prabhu S.
Published: July 2023

Let G(V,E) be a graph with a set of vertices V and a set of edges E. Then, a minimum subset Wl of V is said to be a local metric basis of G if for any two adjacent vertices u,v∈V∖Wl there exists a vertex w∈Wl such that d(u,w) ≠ d(v,w). The cardinality of a local metric basis is referred to as the local metric dimension of the graph G denoted by βl(G). In this paper, we investigate the local metric dimensions of certain circulant-related architectures such as Harary graphs Hk,n with even k or n, Toeplitz networks, and ILLIAC networks.
Multichannel bridges and NSC synergize to enhance axon regeneration, myelination, synaptic reconnection, and recovery after SCI
Authors: Nekanti Usha , Sakthivel Pooja , Zahedi Atena , Creasman Dana , Nishi Rebecca , Dumont Courtney , Piltti Katja , Guardamondo Glenn , Hernandez Norbert , Chen Xingyuan , Song Hui , Lin Xiaoxiao , Martinez Joshua , On Lillian , Lakatos Anita , Pawar Kiran , David Brian , Guo Zhiling , Seidlits Stephanie , Xu Xiangmin , Shea Lonnie , Cummings Brian , Anderson Aileen
Published: July 2023

Regeneration in the injured spinal cord is limited by physical and chemical barriers. Acute implantation of a multichannel poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) bridge mechanically stabilizes the injury, modulates inflammation, and provides a permissive environment for rapid cellularization and robust axonal regrowth through this otherwise inhibitory milieu. However, without additional intervention, regenerated axons remain largely unmyelinated (<10%), limiting functional repair. While transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSC) myelinate axons after spinal cord injury (SCI), hNSC fate is highly influenced by the SCI inflammatory microenvironment, also limiting functional repair. Accordingly, we investigated the combination of PLG scaffold bridges with hNSC to improve histological and functional outcome after SCI. In vitro, hNSC culture on a PLG scaffold increased oligodendroglial lineage selection after inflammatory challenge. In vivo, acute PLG bridge implantation followed by chronic hNSC transplantation demonstrated a robust capacity of donor human cells to migrate into PLG bridge channels along regenerating axons and integrate into the host spinal cord as myelinating oligodendrocytes and synaptically integrated neurons. Axons that regenerated through the PLG bridge formed synaptic circuits that connected ipsilateral forelimb muscle to contralateral motor cortex. hNSC transplantation significantly enhanced the total number of regenerating and myelinated axons identified within the PLG bridge. Finally, the combination of acute bridge implantation and hNSC transplantation exhibited robust improvement in locomotor recovery vs. control and hNSC transplant alone. These data identify a successful novel strategy to enhance neurorepair through a temporally layered approach using acute bridge implantation and chronic cell transplantation to spare tissue, promote regeneration, and maximize the function of new axonal connections.
What do Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners know and understand about patient safeguarding?
Authors: Greenwood Daniel , Steinke Douglas , Martin Sandra , Norton Gary , Tully Mary
Published: July 2023

Background
Pharmacists with additional clinical skills now work in UK emergency departments. Known as Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners, the role was developed in response to a shortage of doctors and nurses. They carry out activities typical of traditional hospital pharmacists, but also novel ‘practitioner’ activities such as examining patients, and acting as designated care provider. The role includes a responsibility to safeguard patients from harm. Professional competence, i.e. to safeguard patients, is underpinned by knowledge of the subject, but also the ability to apply that knowledge.
Objective
To investigate what Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners know and understand about safeguarding vulnerable children and adults.
Methods
Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners were interviewed to explore their knowledge and understanding of safeguarding. Interview questions were developed from review of relevant literature, as were vignettes with variables identified and altered to produce different scenarios. Template analysis was used to code data to a priori themes for each of the stages of the initial safeguarding process, and new themes that emerged throughout the process.
Results
Six themes were identified in addition to the four a priori themes. Overall, participants frequently described how safeguarding concerns are both recognised and responded to, but seemed more comfortable when responding to medicines related concerns. Factors thought to influence the safeguarding process included: resources and setting; and education, training and experiential learning; and culture.
Conclusions
While Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners interviewed were aware of the safeguarding process, there were some misconceptions as to the roles of different health workers.
Geothermal energy potentiality modeling using GIS-based machine learning algorithm concept in Southwestern Nigeria: insights from geophysical and remote sensing data sets
Authors: Mogaji KEHINDE ANTHONY , Adeniyi Oluwafemi Tolulope , KOMOLAFE AKINOLA ADESUJI
Published: July 2023

The paucity of energy orchestrated by the demerits of non-renewable energy sources has posed significant challenges to global demand for energy. Salvaging this difficulty, geothermal renewable energy resource is considered as an alternative. This study investigated the effectiveness of a GIS-based machine learning algorithm to analyze remote sensing and geophysical datasets to address this task. The acquired remote sensing dataset was processed to derive surface-induced geothermal conditioning factors (GCFs): land use land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, lineament density, land surface temperature, and slope percent. Spectral analysis was carried out on aeromagnetic data to derive sub-surface induced GCFs, including Curie point depth, heat flow, and geothermal gradient. Geospatial analysis module, the thematic maps for the GCFs were produced in a GIS environment. With MATLAB program coding, the optimized weights for the produced GCFs thematic maps were determined using machine learning algorithms by applying adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models incorporated with metaheuristic optimization mechanisms. The output of various metaheuristic optimization algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), was processed in the GIS platform to create maps of the geothermal potential predictive index (GPPI) for the study area. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and multifaceted geology were used to validate the produced GPPI model maps. The multifaceted geology approach validation results revealed that a high probability of geothermal manifestation predominates the Ifewara shear zone. The results of the ROC-AUC on the optimized ANFIS models, namely: IWO-ANFIS, GA-ANFIS, and PSO-ANFIS, are 77.2%, 81.1%, and 77.5%, respectively, compared to 73.5% from the ANFIS model. The observed RMSE validation results also determined the prediction values of 0.041803, 0.10281, and 0.10734 for IWO-ANFIS, GA-ANFIS, and PSO-ANFIS compared to 0.021803 for the conventional ANFIS model. The GA-ANFIS model performed better than all investigated machined learning algorithm models. The study shows that the GPPI model map created by GA-ANFIS could be employed for accurate decision-making in geothermal resource exploitation in the investigated area and other regions with comparable geologic terrain.
Incorporating Objective Measures of Sedentary Behaviour Into the Detection and Control Methods of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Office Employees: Development of a Mathematical Model for Clinical Practice.
Authors: Alòs Francesc , Puig-Ribera Anna , Bort-Roig Judit , Chirveches-Pérez Emilia , Martín-Cantera Carlos , Franch-Nadal Josep , Colomer Mª Àngels
Published: July 2023

Introduction
: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. Identifying and predicting DM2 is the first step to stop its progression, and new strategies with low-cost, non-invasive early detection systems must be urgently implemented. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is one of the risk factors leading to the current increase in the prevalence of DM2, so incorporating the SB pattern into the detection methods of DM2 is essential.
Objective
To develop a simple mathematical model for clinical practice that allows early identification of office employees with a diagnosis of DM2 or at risk of presenting it, based on objective measurements of the SB pattern, hours of sleep and anthropometric variables.
Methods
Cross-sectional study. Anthropometric variables (sex, age and body mass index, BMI), sleep time (hours) and the SB pattern (sedentary breaks and time spent in sedentary bouts with four different lengths) of two groups of office employees (adults with and without diabetes) were measured and compared using the ActivPAL3M device. Eighty-one participants had DM2 and 132 had normal glucose metabolism (NGM). The risk of having DM2 was modelled using a generalised linear model (GLM), selecting the variables that presented a significant correlation with DM2.
Results
The DM2 prediction model used five non-invasive clinical variables -sex, age, BMI, sleep time (hours) and sedentary breaks < 20 minutes (number/day) – related to the SB pattern. The validated model correctly classified 88.89% of the participants. The model correctly classified all the office employees with NGM and 77% of office employees with DM2. It also allowed, based on the anthropometric profile of the participant, the design of a preventive tool to modify the SB pattern of office employees with DM2.
Conclusion
Understanding SB patterns by means of mathematical models could be a simple application solution for the early identification of office employees with DM2 in clinical practice. Incorporating an algorithm that contains a mathematical expression in wearable devices for monitoring the SB pattern could promote the early detection and comprehensive control of DM2 in clinical practice.
Relationship between physical activity and risk of depression in a married group
Authors: Ni Rong J. , Yu Ying
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between physical activity behavior and depression risk in the married group from the perspective of gender differences.
METHODS: The 15,607 married people in the China Family Tracking Survey 2020 (CFPS 2020) were used to investigate the relationship between physical activity and depression risk among different groups of people in marriage.
Results: There were 527 (6.64%) women at high risk of depression, of whom 417 (7.71%) had no exercise habits, and 365 (4.76%) men at high risk of depression, of whom 279 (5.56%) had no exercise habits; physical exercise habits could influence the risk of depression among those in marriage, and after controlling for the relevant variables, physical exercise was negatively associated with the risk of depression among women (OR=0.5). After controlling for the relevant variables, physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of depression in women (OR=0.65, p<0.001), but not in men (OR=0.79, p>0.05).
Conclusion:Physical activity moderates the risk of depression in married women, but is not directly associated with the risk of depression in married men.
The Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Semi-arid Areas Using Cloud-based Google Earth Engine Platform and GIS-based RUSLE Model
Authors: Nourizadeh Maryam , Naghavi Hamed , Omidvar Ebrahim
Published: July 2023

Soil erosion has recently attracted the attention of researchers and managers as an environmental crisis. One of the effective factors in soil erosion is land use/land cover change (LU/LCC). Use of satellite imagery is a method for generating LU/LCC maps. Recently, Google has launched the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, which enabled the processing of satellite images online. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of LU/LCC on soil erosion in a semi-arid region in the south-west of Iran. LU/LCC map was prepared over a period of 30 years (1989–2019) using a new approach and classification of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index time series on the GEE. For classifying the NDVI time series, a non-parametric Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method was employed. The LU/LC maps were also used as an input factor in the soil erosion estimation model. The amount of soil erosion in the region was estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) empirical model in the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. Validation of LU/LC maps generated in GEE indicated overall accuracy higher than 86% and the kappa coefficient higher than 0.82. The study of LU/LCC trends showed that the area of ​​forests, pastures, and rock outcrop in the region has diminished, but the area of ​​agricultural and man-made LUs has been expanded. Also, the highest rate of LU/LC conversion was related to the conversion of forests to agricultural lands. Estimating the amount of soil erosion in the region using the RUSLE model revealed that the average annual erosion in 1989 and 2019 was 15.48 and 20.41 tons per hectare, respectively, which indicates an increase of 4.93 tons in hectares, while the hot spots of erosion in the area have increased at the confidence levels of 90, 95, and 99%. Matching the LU/LCC map with the soil erosion map indicated that the degradation of forests and their conversion to agricultural lands had the greatest impact on increasing soil erosion. Based on the findings, we can conclude that GEE, as an online platform, has a high capability in preparing LU/LC maps and other effective factors in soil erosion estimation models.
Study on the influencing factors of postpartum quality of life in women with heart disease
Authors: liu jialin , wang qi , qu dongying
Published: July 2023

Background: Heart disease women's quality of life (QoL) has been neglected. To improve clinical communication and treatment, we integrated medical data and subjective characteristics to study postpartum QoL concerns.
Methods: The study assessed QoL six weeks after birth using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS), and a self-designed questionnaire based on earlier research were also used to assess patient characteristics. Patient system data were collected. Prediction models were created using multiple linear regression.
Results: This retrospective study examined 105 postpartum cardiac patients' QoL. Postpartum QoL scores were lower (90.69 ± 13.82) than those of general women, with physical component scores (41.09 ± 9.91) lower than mental component scores (49.60 ± 14.87). Postpartum depression (33.3%), moderate anxiety (37.14%), pregnancy concerns (57.14%), offspring heart problems (57.14%), and life expectancy worries (48.6%) were all prevalent. No previous cardiac surgery, multiparity, higher sadness and cardiac anxiety, and fear of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes were strongly related to lower QoL (R2 value = 0.525).
Conclusions: Heart disease patients' postpartum QoL is linked to their physical and mental health. Our study emphasizes the need for healthcare workers to recognize and address the unique characteristics of these women while developing and implementing comprehensive management approaches during their maternity care journey.
Numerical Study on the Characteristics of Roadway Failure and Instability in Coal Seams with Rock Parting
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Yu-Geng , Liu Guang-Jian , Zhu Ya-Wei , Ji Xian-Jun , Cao Wen-Hao
Published: July 2023

Studying the mechanism of roadway failure and instability in coal seams with rock parting is essential to the prevention and control of rockburst in the coal mine production process. In this work, based on the rockburst accident of the 1305 working face in the Zhaolou Coal Mine (ZCM), a numerical model was established using UDEC numerical simulation software to study the failure and instability process and influencing factors of a coal seam roadway containing rock partings under unloading action. We proposed a coupling instability mechanism of the rock parting slip and fracture mechanism. The failure and instability process of roadways under different influencing factors was studied. The results enrich the theory of the dynamics of surrounding rock fractures in coal mines, further clarify the potential dangers to mining-area roadways and working faces, and provide technical information to ensure the safe and efficient mining of bifurcated coal seams.
Cataract Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Panda Saroj Kailash , Panjwani Nikhil
Published: July 2023

In a human life a very common disorder that occurs is, eye disorder named CATARACT, this eye disorder is mostly common in humans within the age group of 40–50 years. If neglected can lead to eye blindness. One can avoid this type of eye disorder from getting worse by detecting it on-time. So we are proposing our model that uses Deep Learning to detect this disorder, using Fundus Images. The model contains fully connected hidden layers with cost function and activation functions to properly train the model and optimize it and to significantly reduce the computational cost compared to other models. Total 1130 affected and 1130 non affected images are feeded to model in order to train model properly so that model doesn’t get overfitted.
Development of Environmentally Ecofriendly Composites Based on Polypropylene/Bahia Beige Waste: Effect of Reinforcement Content on Physical, Mechanical, Chemical, and Microstructural Properties
Authors: Silva dos Santos Rayara , Poubel Mendonça da Silveira Pedro Henrique , Cruz Bastos Beatriz , do Nascimento da Conceição Marceli , da Conceição Ribeiro Roberto Carlos , Cruz Bastos Daniele
Published: July 2023

This article presents the development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites comprising polypropylene (PP) reinforced with Bahia Beige (BB) marble waste. The composites were prepared using different PP/BB weight ratios and analyzed for their chemical, physical, mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed the composition of BB, which exhibited a significant concentration of CaO, indicating the presence of calcite and other oxides. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of PP and identified calcite, dolomite, and quartz phases in the composites. Due to enhanced ceramic reinforcement, the composites displayed increased crystallinity with higher BB content. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated the interaction between PP and BB, with the bands corresponding to PP being replaced by bands related to BB as filler content increased. The density tests indicated a slight increase in composite density without deviating significantly from pure PP, which is advantageous for low-density applications. The hardness of the composites increased with filler content, while the impact resistance decreased notably. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the good distribution of BB within the composites and the presence of ductile characteristics on the composite surface. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) results revealed that adding BB up to 40% by weight increased HDT, whereas a significant reduction occurred at a 50% BB content. These composites demonstrated favorable properties for engineering applications, offering a sustainable solution through utilizing natural waste resources and contributing to Brazilian sustainability efforts.