bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition and Structure of Tiwoho Mangrove Vegetation at Bunaken National Parkional Park
Authors: Tabba Supratman , Wahyuni Nurlita Indah , Mokodompit Hendra Susanto
Published: March 2016

Tiwoho mangrove forest islocated in north coast of North Sulawesi province.This area functions as life buffer system for community and sustainability of Bunaken National Park. Due to the important and strategic roles of mangrove in protection and ecological functions, therefore, it is needed to know scientific information about mangrove population dynamics. This research aims to know the vegetation composition and structure vegetation of Tiwoho mangrove forest. Data collection used 20x20 m sample plots that were sistematically laid from the sea to the land side up to the highest tidal line. Distance between plots along 25 m. Results showed that at tree level Sonneratia alba had the highest Important Value Index (IVI) of 206,88 % and Brugueira sp of 46,06 %. Although Rhizopora apiculata value is lower than Brugueira sp. But the values of relative frequency of these species are almost similar. It means that both species are frequently found in observation plots. Rhizophora apiculata dominate at pole and sapling levels, but frequency of occurance this species is lower than Brugueira sp in pole level.
Comportamiento mecánico y químico de cementos de sulfoaluminato de calcio obtenido a partir de desechos industriales
Authors: Gallardo H. M. , Almanza R. J. M. , Cortés H. D. A. , Escobedo B. J. C.
Published: March 2016

Comportamiento mecánico y químico de cementos de sulfoaluminato de calcio obtenido a partir de desechos industrialesRESUMENSe sintetizó un clínker de sulfoaluminato de calcio calcinando una mezcla de ceniza volante, fluoryeso, escoria de aluminio y carbonato de calcio a 1250 °C. El clinker fue mezclado con 15, 20 o 25 % e.p. de CaSO4·½H2O. Las pastas se prepararon con relaciones agua/cemento de 0.5. Se evaluó la resistencia a la compresión de cementos curados en agua potable y en medios corrosivos a 40 °C. Los cementos curados en agua potable desarrollaron resistencias a la compresión de 38-39 MPa, los inmersos en medios corrosivos presentaron una disminución en esta propiedad después del ataque químico. La etringita fue el principal producto de hidratación. La degradación de los cementos por ataque químico es debida a una descalcificación y dealuminación de las pastas.Palabras clave: sulfoaluminato de calcio; etringita; resistencia a la compresión; ataque químico Mechanical and chemical behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate cements obtained from industrial wasteABSTRACTA calcium sulfoaluminate clinker was synthesized calcining a mixture of fly ash, fluorogypsum, aluminum slag, and calcium carbonate at 1250 ºC. The clinker was mixed with 15, 20, or 25% e.p. of CaSO4·½H2O. The pastes were prepared with a water/cement ratio of 0.5. Compression resistance of cements cured in potable water and corrosive mediums at 40 ºC was evaluated. The cements cured in potable water developed compressive strengths of 38-39 MPa; those immersed in corrosive mediums showed a decrease in this property after the chemical attack. Ettringite was the main product of hydration. The degradation of the cements by chemical attack was due to a decalcification and dealumination of the pastes.Keywords: calcium sulfoaluminate; ettringite; compressive strength; chemical attack. Comportamento químico e mecânico de cimentos de sulfoaluminato de cálcio obtidos a partir de resíduos industriaisRESUMOFoi produzido um clínquer de sulfoaluminato de cálcio a partir da calcinação a 1250oC de uma mistura de cinza volante, escória de alumínio, carbonato de cálcio e gesso de flúor. Esse clínquer foi misturado com 15%, 20% e 25% e.p. de CaSO4·½H2O. As pastas foram preparadas com relação água/cimento igual a 0,5. Foi avaliada a resistência à compressão das pastas curadas em água potável e em meios corrosivos a 40oC. As pastas curadas em água alcançaram resistências à compressão de 38-39 MPa, enquanto as pastas imersas em meios corrosivos apresentaram uma redução da resistência frente ao ataque químico. A etringita foi o principal produto da hidratação desses cimentos. A degradação dessas pastas de cimento por ataque químico ocorreu devido a uma descalcificação e dealuminização dos produtos hidratados.Palabras-clave: sulfoaluminato de cálcio; etringita; resistência à compressão; ataque químico.
Impact of State Ignition Interlock Laws on Alcohol-Involved Crash Deaths in the United States
Authors: Kaufman Elinore J. , Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To investigate the impact on alcohol-involved crash deaths of universal ignition interlock requirements, which aim to prevent people convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol from driving while intoxicated.

Methods. We used data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for 1999 to 2013. From 2004 to 2013, 18 states made interlocks mandatory for all drunk-driving convictions. We compared alcohol-involved crash deaths between 18 states with and 32 states without universal interlock requirements, accounting for state and year effects, and for clustering within states.

Results. Policy impact was apparent 3 years after implementation. The adjusted rate of alcohol-involved crash deaths was 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0, 5.4) per 100 000 in states with the universal interlock requirement, compared with 5.5 (95% CI = 5.48, 5.53) in states without, an absolute reduction of 0.8 (95% CI = 0.1, 1.5) deaths per 100 000 per year.

Conclusions. Requiring ignition interlocks for all drunk-driving convictions was associated with 15% fewer alcohol-involved crash deaths, compared with states with less-stringent requirements. Interlocks are a life-saving technology that merit wider use.
Implications of Mexican Health Care Reform on the Health Coverage of Nonmigrants and Returning Migrants
Authors: Wassink Joshua T.
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To assess health coverage among Mexicans with US migration experience, before and after the implementation of Mexico’s universal health care program, Seguro Popular.

Methods. I used data from the 2000 and 2010 Mexican Censuses to generate nationally representative estimates of health coverage among working-age Mexicans by migrant status.

Results. In 2000, before the implementation of Seguro Popular, 56% of Mexicans aged 15 to 60 years with no recent US migrations were uninsured compared with 80% of recently returned migrants. By 2010, the proportion uninsured declined from 56% to 35% (−38%) among nonmigrants and from 80% to 54% (−33%) among return migrants.

Conclusions. Seguro Popular has increased health coverage among Mexican return migrants, but they remain substantially underinsured. A creative and multifaceted approach likely will be needed to address Mexican immigrants’ health care needs.
Electrochemical generation of a catalyst for Michael addition of dicarbonyl compounds and cyanide anion to acryloylferrocene
Authors: Stevanovic Dragana , Pejovic Anka , Damljanovic Ivan , Vukicevic Mirjana , Novakovic Sladjana , Bogdanovic Goran , Vukicevic Rastko
Published: March 2016

Michael addition of diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, and
cyanide anion to acryloylferrocene promoted by a catalyst in situ generated
from a sacrificial zirconium anode is described. Most of the obtained
compounds were identified by comparison of their spectral and physical data
with those published elsewhere, whereas the only newly synthesized compound -
diethyl 2,2-bis(3-ferrocenyl-3-oxopropyl)malonate - was completely
characterized by spectral (IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR), physical and
crystallographic (single-crystal X-ray) data.
Iron content in the fruits of the grapevines and peach trees growing near the mining and smelting complex Bor, east Serbia
Authors: Alagic Sladjana , Tosic Snezana , Dimitrijevic Mile , Nujkic Maja
Published: March 2016

The samples of fruits of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera, cultivar Tamjanika)
and the peach tree (Prunus persica L. Batech) from the Bor region were
analyzed using an ICP-OES to determine the content of iron (Fe). This was
done in order to assess possible health risks related to this essential
element; the region of Bor?s municipality is known as one of the most
polluted areas in Serbia. The content of Fe in unwashed grapes seems not to
be affected by the mining/metallurgical activities, as it was either in the
normal concentration range or was at even lower than critical deficiency
concentration in plants (21.8-98 mg/kg). The level of Fe in the samples of
peaches ranged from 62.4 to 1418 mg/kg, which is much higher than that in
grape samples and in one case, even higher than the phytotoxic threshold. The
values of the enrichment factor (EF) were lower than 2 in the case of grape
samples, while for peach samples, these values ranged from rather low (0.99)
to extremely high (22.66). Based on the herein obtained results, in the
region of Bor, it seems that the cultivation of grapevine should be favored
over the cultivation of peach trees.
Investigation of the energy efficiency of PV solar power plant installed at the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis
Authors: Milosavljevic Dragana , Pavlovic Tomislav
Published: March 2016

The paper provides basic information on the 2 kWp PV solar power plant with
monocrystalline silicon solar modules installed on the roof of the Faculty
of Sciences and Mathematics (FSM), University of Nis, and the equipment for
the investigation of its energy efficiency depending on the real climate
conditions. Furthermore, results of the simulation and experimental
determination of the energy efficiency of the PV solar power plant at FSM in
Nis, in the period from July 1, 2013 to January 1, 2014, are given. It was
found that in this time period the average values of the experimental and
simulation calculated energy efficiencies of the PV solar power plant were
9.52% and 8.44%, respectively. The increase in the ambient temperature
caused a decrease in the PV solar power plant energy efficiency; with an
increase in ambient temperature by 1 ?C, the experimental energy efficiency
decreased by 0.22%, and the simulation calculated energy efficiency
decreased by 0.07%. The obtained data could be used for the planning and
application of PV solar power plants in places with a similar climate.
Prediction of Lunar- and Martian-Based Intra- and Site-to-Site Task Performance
Authors: Ade Carl J. , Broxterman Ryan M. , Craig Jesse C. , Schlup Susanna J. , Wilcox Samuel L. , Warren Steve , Kuehl Phillip , Gude Dana , Jia Chen , Barstow Thomas J.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of determining the physiological parameters associated with the ability to complete simulated exploration type tasks at metabolic rates which might be expected for lunar and Martian ambulation.METHODS: Running
Vo2max and gas exchange threshold (GET) were measured in 21 volunteers. Two simulated extravehicular activity field tests were completed in 1 G in regular athletic apparel at two intensities designed to elicit metabolic rates of ∼20.0 and ∼30.0 ml · kg−1
· min−1, which are similar to those previously reported for ambulation in simulated lunar- and Martian-based environments, respectively.RESULTS: All subjects were able to complete the field test at the lunar intensity, but 28% were unable to complete the
field test at the Martian intensity (non-Finishers). During the Martian field test there were no differences in Vo2 between Finishers and non-Finishers, but the non-Finishers achieved a greater %Vo2max compared to Finishers (78.4 ± 4.6% vs. 64.9 ± 9.6%).
Logistic regression analysis revealed fitness thresholds for a predicted probability of 0.5, at which Finishing and non-Finishing are equally likely, and 0.75, at which an individual has a 75% chance of Finishing, to be a Vo2max of 38.4 ml · kg−1 ·
min−1 and 40.0 ml · kg−1 · min−1 or a GET of 20.1 ml · kg−1 · min−1 and 25.1 ml · kg−1 · min−1, respectively (χ2 =
10.2). Logistic regression analysis also revealed that the expected %Vo2max required to complete a field test could be used to successfully predict performance (χ2 = 19.3).DISCUSSION: The results of the present investigation highlight the potential utility
of Vo2max, particularly as it relates to the metabolic demands of a surface ambulation, in defining successful completion of planetary-based exploration field tests.Ade CJ, Broxterman RM, Craig JC, Schlup SJ, Wilcox SL, Warren S, Kuehl P, Gude D, Jia C, Barstow TJ. Prediction
of lunar- and Martian-based intra- and site-to-site task performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(4):367–374.
Motion Sickness and Resting Energy Expenditure in Chinese Male Adults
Authors: Wang Jun-Qin , Qi Rui-Rui , Pan Lei-Lei , Zhou Wei , Zhang Li-Li , Cai Yi-Ling
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Motion sickness can influence energy homeostasis by enhancing thermolysis. This study tested the hypothesis that resting energy expenditure (REE), as the major component of thermogenesis, might also play a role during motion sickness.METHODS: The effect
of seasickness on REE at sea was examined in 71 healthy Chinese male volunteers. Change in REE, heart rate variability (HRV), blood ghrelin levels, and leptin levels were observed across baseline, voyage, and recovery stages. Seasickness severity was assessed using the Graybiel motion sickness
questionnaire (GMSQ), and the nausea syndrome rating (NSR) of each participant was also evaluated. REE was examined by indirect calorimetry. HRV was derived from the electrocardiogram to analyze cardiac sympathovagal activity. Blood ghrelin and leptin levels were tested by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:
In subjects with severe seasickness during the voyage, the GMSQ and NSR scores were higher than in subjects with slight and moderate seasickness. The REE declined significantly compared to baseline and recovery levels and was lower than in subjects with slight and moderate seasickness. Cardiac
sympathetic activity was significantly decreased, while vagal activity was increased. Plasma ghrelin levels were also significantly increased and were negatively correlated with the measured REE levels and positively correlated with NSR as well as change of HRV LF/HF ratio from baseline.DISCUSSION:
Severe motion sickness induces REE suppression, which may be attributed to dramatic alteration of sympathovagal activity and plasma ghrelin levels in humans.Wang J-Q, Qi R-R, Pan L-L, Zhou W, Zhang L-L, Cai Y-L. Motion sickness and resting energy expenditure in Chinese male adults. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(4):360–366.
A Novel Treatment of Fear of Flying Using a Large Virtual Reality System
Authors: Czerniak Efrat , Caspi Asaf , Litvin Michal , Amiaz Revital , Bahat Yotam , Baransi Hani , Sharon Hanania , Noy Shlomo , Plotnik Meir
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Fear of flying (FoF), a common phobia in the developed world, is usually treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, most efficiently when combined with exposure methods, e.g., virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). We evaluated FoF treatment using VRET in a large
motion-based VR system. The treated subjects were seated on a moving platform. The virtual scenery included the interior of an aircraft and a window view to the outside world accompanied by platform movements simulating, e.g., takeoff, landing, and air turbulence. Relevant auditory stimuli
were also incorporated.CASE REPORT: Three male patients with FoF underwent a clinical interview followed by three VRETs in the presence and with the guidance of a therapist. Scores on the Flight Anxiety Situation (FAS) and Flight Anxiety Modality (FAM) questionnaires were obtained
on the first and fourth visits. Anxiety levels were assessed using the subjective units of distress (SUDs) scale during the exposure. All three subjects expressed satisfaction regarding the procedure and did not skip or avoid any of its stages. Consistent improvement was seen in the SUDs throughout
the VRET session and across sessions, while patients’ scores on the FAS and FAM showed inconsistent trends. Two patients participated in actual flights in the months following the treatment, bringing 12 and 16 yr of avoidance to an end.DISCUSSION: This VR-based treatment includes
critical elements for exposure of flying experience beyond visual and auditory stimuli. The current case reports suggest VRET sessions may have a meaningful impact on anxiety levels, yet additional research seems warranted.Czerniak E, Caspi A, Litvin M, Amiaz R, Bahat Y, Baransi H, Sharon
H, Noy S, Plotnik M. A novel treatment of fear of flying using a large virtual reality system. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(4):411–416.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of PV Adoption in the UK and Their Implications for the Smart Grid
Authors: Snape J.
Published: March 2016

Distributed renewable electricity generators facilitate decarbonising the electricity network, and the smart grid allows higher renewable penetration while improving efficiency. Smart grid scenarios often emphasise localised control, balancing small renewable generation with consumer electricity demand. This research investigates the applicability of proposed decentralised smart grid scenarios utilising a mixed strategy: quantitative analysis of PV adoption data and qualitative policy analysis focusing on policy design, apparent drivers for adoption of the deviation of observed data from the feed-in tariff impact assessment predictions. Analysis reveals that areas of similar installed PV capacity are clustered, indicating a strong dependence on local conditions for PV adoption. Analysing time series of PV adoption finds that it fits neither neo-classical predictions, nor diffusion of innovation S-curves of adoption cleanly. This suggests the influence of external factors on the decision making process. It is shown that clusters of low installed PV capacity coincide with areas of high population density and vice versa, implying that while visions of locally-balanced smart grids may be viable in certain rural and suburban areas, applicability to urban centres may be limited. Taken in combination, the data analysis, policy impact and socio-psychological drivers of adoption demonstrate the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding and modelling the adoption of technology necessary to enable the future smart grid.
Reverse Mortgage Participation in the United States: Evidence from a National Study
Authors: Chatterjee Swarn
Published: March 2016

This paper uses the most recent wave of a nationally representative dataset to examine the factors associated with elderly homeowners’ decision to obtain reverse mortgage loans. The findings of this study suggest that very few homeowners participated in the reverse mortgage market, and homeowners younger than 67 were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. However, homeowners who were risk averse, and homeowners in the two highest quartiles of net worth were more likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Further analyses reveal that among the reverse mortgage participants, homeowners with long-term care insurance coverage were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Implications for financial economists, financial planners, policy-makers, and scholars of retirement economics are included.
Germany without Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry—A 15 Month Real World Experience
Authors: Zinkler Martin
Published: March 2016

Coercive treatment with antipsychotic drugs was commonly used in German psychiatric institutions until it became a topic of substantial medical, legal and ethical controversy. In 2011 and 2012, several landmark decisions by Germany’s Constitutional Court and Federal Supreme Court challenged this practice in all but life-threatening emergencies. In March 2013, the new legal provisions governing coercive treatment took effect allowing coercive medication under stricter criteria. While mainstream psychiatry in Germany resumed the use of coercive medication, although less frequently than before 2012, there are examples where clinicians put an even greater emphasis on consensual treatment and did not return to coercive treatment. Data from a case study in a local mental health service suggest that the use of coercive medication could be made obsolete.
Comparison of the Influence of Phospholipid-Coated Porous Ti-6Al-4V Material on the Osteosarcoma Cell Line Saos-2 and Primary Human Bone Derived Cells
Authors: Deing Axel , Ebel Thomas , Willumeit-Römer Regine , Luthringer Bérengère
Published: March 2016

Biomaterial surface functionalization remains of great interest in the promotion of cell osteogenic induction. Previous studies highlighted the positive effects of porous Ti-6Al-4V and phospholipid coating on osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of material porosity and phospholipid coating. Primary human osteoblasts and Saos-2 cells were cultured on different Ti-6Al-4V specimens (mirror-like polished or porous specimens) and were coated or not with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) for three weeks or five weeks. Selected gene expressions (e.g., classical bone markers: alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and runt-related transcription factor 2) were estimated in vitro. Furthermore, the expressions of osteocalcin and osteopontin were examined via fluorescent microscopy at five weeks (immunocytochemistry). Consequently, it was observed that phospholipid coating potentiates preferences for low and high porosities in Saos-2 and primary cells, respectively, at the gene and protein levels. Additionally, RANKL and OPG exhibited different gene expression patterns; primary cells showed dramatically increased RANKL expression, whereas OPG expression was decreased in the presence of POPE. A synergistic effect of increased porosity and phospholipid coating was observed in primary osteoblasts in bone remodeling. This study showed the advantage of primary cells over the standard bone cell model.
Perspectives on Transdermal Electroporation
Authors: Ita Kevin
Published: March 2016

Transdermal drug delivery offers several advantages, including avoidance of erratic absorption, absence of gastric irritation, painlessness, noninvasiveness, as well as improvement in patient compliance. With this mode of drug administration, there is no pre-systemic metabolism and it is possible to increase drug bioavailability and half-life. However, only a few molecules can be delivered across the skin in therapeutic quantities. This is because of the hindrance provided by the stratum corneum. Several techniques have been developed and used over the last few decades for transdermal drug delivery enhancement. These include sonophoresis, iontophoresis, microneedles, and electroporation. Electroporation, which refers to the temporary perturbation of the skin following the application of high voltage electric pulses, has been used to increase transcutaneous flux values by several research groups. In this review, transdermal electroporation is discussed and the use of the technique for percutaneous transport of low and high molecular weight compounds described. This review also examines our current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of electroporation and safety concerns arising from the use of this transdermal drug delivery technique. Safety considerations are especially important because electroporation utilizes high voltage pulses which may have deleterious effects in some cases.
Validation of Underwater Sensor Package Using Feature Based SLAM
Authors: Cain Christopher , Leonessa Alexander
Published: March 2016

Robotic vehicles working in new, unexplored environments must be able to locate themselves in the environment while constructing a picture of the objects in the environment that could act as obstacles that would prevent the vehicles from completing their desired tasks. In enclosed environments, underwater range sensors based off of acoustics suffer performance issues due to reflections. Additionally, their relatively high cost make them less than ideal for usage on low cost vehicles designed to be used underwater. In this paper we propose a sensor package composed of a downward facing camera, which is used to perform feature tracking based visual odometry, and a custom vision-based two dimensional rangefinder that can be used on low cost underwater unmanned vehicles. In order to examine the performance of this sensor package in a SLAM framework, experimental tests are performed using an unmanned ground vehicle and two feature based SLAM algorithms, the extended Kalman filter based approach and the Rao-Blackwellized, particle filter based approach, to validate the sensor package.
A Novel Digital Closed Loop MEMS Accelerometer Utilizing a Charge Pump
Authors: Chu Yixing , Dong Jingxin , Chi Baoyong , Liu Yunfeng
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a novel digital closed loop microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer with the architecture and experimental evaluation. The complicated timing diagram or complex power supply in published articles are circumvented by using a charge pump system of adjustable output voltage fabricated in a 2P4M 0.35 µm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, therefore making it possible for interface circuits of MEMS accelerometers to be integrated on a single die on a large scale. The output bitstream of the sigma delta modulator is boosted by the charge pump system and then applied on the feedback comb fingers to form electrostatic forces so that the MEMS accelerometer can operate in a closed loop state. Test results agree with the theoretical formula nicely. The nonlinearity of the accelerometer within ±1 g is 0.222% and the long-term stability is about 774 µg.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis as a Crucial Symptom of Cystic Fibrosis—Case Report and Discussion on the Sinonasal Compartment as Site of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acquisition into CF Airways
Authors: Mainz Jochen , Arnold Christin , Gerber Andrea , Rödel Jürgen , Cramer Nina , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Beck James , Tümmler Burkhard
Published: March 2016

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent congenital lethal disease in Caucasians. Impaired mucociliary clearance causes chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis in up to 62% of patients, and almost all patients exhibit sinonasal pathology in CT scans. Pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) chronically colonize about 70% of the CF adults’ lungs and are the major reason for pulmonary destruction and premature death. In our 34-year-old female CF patient, rhinosinusitis caused massive orbital hypertelorism despite three sinonasal operations. Her sputum samples had always been negative for P.a. Then, P.a. was primarily detected in her sputum and additionally in nasal lavage, which since then persisted in both, her upper and lower airways. The P.a. strains turned out to be genetically identical in both airway levels, indicating early colonization of the entire airway system with P.a. This first report on simultaneous primary P.a. detection in the sinonasal and pulmonary compartments highlights the need to include an assessment of upper airway colonization in the standards of CF care, particularly in patients without chronic P.a. colonization. Both airway levels need to be considered as one united system, and a strong cooperation between ENT and CF specialists should be established. Prospective longitudinal studies should assess the upper airways´ role in acquisition and persistence of pathogens and evaluate conservative and surgical therapeutic options.
La reconstitution des familles aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles (vers 1550-1670)
Authors: Lachiver Marcel
Published: March 2016

La reconstitution des familles aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles pose de nombreux problèmes, les registres paroissiaux étant très lacunaires. Pour pallier ces difficultés, M. Lachiver propose plusieurs solutions afin d'établir les fiches de familles classiques : l'utilisation de toutes les sources exploitables (registres paroissiaux, minutes notariales, contrats de mariages...). Des testaments, mentions de parrainage, terriers... serviront de fin d'observation. Ainsi classés, un certain nombre de fiches MF pourront être exploitées selon la méthode de L. Henry, particulièrement pour l'étude de la fécondité. Les XVIe et XVIIe ne seront plus les oubliés de la démographie historique.
La reconstitution des populations anciennes : Sart-Eustache, 1710-1910
Authors: Poulain Michel
Published: March 2016

La constitution d'un fichier individuel, la détermination pour chaque individu d'une période de présence au village et la méthode du fichier éclaté ont permis de reconstituer l'état de la population pendant la période retenue. Poux les années antérieures à 1846 (date d'entrée en vigueur des registres de la population), ce processus se base sur l'ensemble des sources comportant des informations de nature démographique : 53,3 % de celles-ci proviennent des registres de l'état civil ancien ou moderne, 14,4 % du relevé des témoins dans ces mêmes registres, 15,1 % sont déduites à partir de la reconstitution des familles et les 17,1 % restant n'ont pu être décelées qu'à l'aide des sources complémentaires. Les risques de sous-évaluation ou de surévaluation lors de la reconstitution de la population ont été estimés de manière indirecte et mesurés sur base du premier recensement nominatif au 1er janvier 1830. Après 1846, les informations ayant permis la reconstitution de la population proviennent exclusivement des registres de population et de l'état civil. La comparaison avec les listes nominatives de 1876, 1890 et 1910 montre que les risques de sous-évaluation ou de surévaluation y sont du même ordre de grandeur que pour la première période. Ainsi les registres de population facilitent grandement le travail de reconstitution de la population mais ils n'apportent pas une fiabilité totale au processus : dans tous les cas, une frange de population extrêmement mobile, des domestiques essentiellement, limite les performances du procédé. Toutefois, de manière générale, ce processus de reconstitution peut s'avérer satisfaisant puisqu'il est grevé de risques maxima estimés à 10 % pour la sous-évaluation et à 4 % pour la surévaluation.
Les sources démographiques de l'histoire de la Sénégambie
Authors: Becker Charles , Diouf Mamadou , Mbodj Mohamed
Published: March 2016

African historians have shown little interest in the collection or critical examination of documents which concern population, its distribution or movement. From the example of Senegambia, the authors show that this study of population, using a multi-disciplinary approach, is a prerequisite for the over-all history of social formations. Sources are rarely those of classical demographic history but are, above ail, unconventional ones. Yet thèse allow the coverage of various periods and the treatment of important démographie themes which require true statistical data, bearing in mind the limits inherent in the available evidence. However, in underlining recent developments in knowledge of the pre- and proto-historic periods, pre-colonial and colonial, the authors show that the understanding of the past of African populations is not confined to a few statistics and can be greatly increased by the use of all the sources which are still accessible. Two annexes are devoted to the earliest administrative censuses and demographic inquiries and also to the division by sex in thèse documents.
Problèmes de la population dans les mouvements politiques de la Russie de la fin du XIXe au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Adamets Serge
Published: March 2016

La pensée démographique russe d'avant la Révolution est encore mal connue. Cet article présente une contribution à une telle histoire réintégrant le débat russe au sein du débat européen. Il aborde tant les ouvrages pamphlétaires que les réactions politiques à l'opposition entre malthusianisme et populationniste. Cette approche permet d'aborder l'histoire de la pensée démographique soviétique sans la couper d'une recherche sous l'Empire russe.
Des labours de Cluny à la révolution verte
Authors: Marchai Jean-Yves
Published: March 2016

Résumé Nous pouvons observer en pays mossi (Haute-Volta) une évolution régressive du système rural qui a pour effet la dégradation rapide du couvert végétal et le développement spectaculaire des plaques de ruissellement dans un espace agricole en extension. La dynamique observée ne s’explique pas seulement par l’accroissement de la population mais aussi par l’atomisation des unités de production. Depuis les années 1920-1930, la superficie cultivée par habitant a crû dans le même temps où la gestion collective des terroirs villageois a disparu. Le bilan de l’évolution est, outre la saturation de l’espace cultivable et son corollaire : la contraction des aires pastorales, le déséquilibre du rapport population/ressources. Les habitants qui mésusent de leur environnement s’accoutument ainsi progressivement aux situations marginales : faible production céréalière, déficit vivrier (accentué par les cycles de « sécheresse ») et émigration.
Nature and Geography
Authors: Smith Brent
Published: March 2016

This chapter considers the appropriateness and importance of including the natural environment (i.e., nature and geography) as part of the external business environment featured in marketing textbooks. Based on myriad examples from industry, the natural environment is regarded as an uncontrollable force that constantly affects decisions about markets and marketing activities. Thus, it deserves some (greater) mention next to economic, competitive, regulatory, and other variables typically featured in most marketing textbooks. Based on a review of business news, industry concerns, and marketing textbooks, this chapter considers the current listing of uncontrollable environment forces typically discussed within twenty-five popular marketing textbooks. It is observed that nature and geography, common priorities for business decision makers, are conspicuously absent from mention within most of these textbooks. This chapter shows that the natural environment is mentioned in only five of twenty-five marketing textbooks: two introductory marketing; one marketing management; and two international marketing. Based on scholarly definitions and industry examples, nature and geography are, in fact, uncontrollable influential forces that affect markets and marketing activities. Consequently, there is reasonable cause for including them in more marketing textbooks. Textbook authors and instructors can provide students a more complete picture of how domestic and international markets and marketing activities are affected by the natural environment. In practice, business people acknowledge that the natural environment affects and is affected by markets and marketing activities in virtually all industries. Alas, marketing textbooks seldom little, if ever, acknowledge that nature and geography (e.g., topography, climate, weather, solar flares, natural disasters) affect how companies think about their markets and marketing mix. This chapter offers simple, actionable steps for discussing the natural environment in marketing textbooks and courses.
Using Sports History to Develop Cultural Competence in Millennial Marketers
Authors: Tryce Stephanie A.
Published: March 2016

As we move toward 2050, the United States will become a country of minorities. These changing demographics have tremendous implications for the way marketers understand both the marketplace and consumer behavior. Intentionality, specificity, and intersectional approaches to diverse sport's history are key in successfully providing millennial students with the cultural competence required to become first-rate global marketers. Sport provides marketing educators and students a unique opportunity to examine cultural diversity in a way that ameliorates diversity fatigue from underexposed students. This chapter details relevant diversity and inclusion language and terminology, provides individual lesson plan examples, and details outcomes and instruction for developing cultural competence in millennial student populations.
Integrating Big Data Analytics into Advertising Curriculum
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: March 2016

With the assistance of new computing technologies and consumer data collection methods, advertising professionals are capable of generating better targeted advertising campaigns. Big Data analytics are particularly worth noticing and have presented ample opportunities for advertising researchers and practitioners around the world. Although Big Data analytic courses have been offered at major universities, existing advertising curricula have yet to address the opportunities and challenges offered by Big Data. This chapter collects curricular data from major universities around the world to examine what Big Data has posed challenges and opportunities to existing advertising curricula in an international context. Curricula of 186 universities around the world are reviewed to describe the status of integrating these developments into better preparing advertising students for these changes. Findings show that only selected advertising programs in the U.S. have begun to explore the potential of the data analytics tools and techniques. Practical and educational implications are discussed.
Introduction to Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multisets and Its Applications
Authors: Shinoj T. K. , John Sunil Jacob
Published: March 2016

In this chapter a new concept named Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiset is introduced, which is an attempt to combine the two concepts: Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy Multisets. The basic operations and their various properties are discussed. The authors discussed two significant applications of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multisets. Most of human reasoning involves the use of variables whose values are fuzzy sets. This is the basis for the concept of a linguistic variable. But in some situations like decision making problems, the description by a linguistic variable in terms of membership function only is not adequate. There is chance of existing a non-null complement. There are situations that each element has different membership values. In such situations Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multisets is more adequate. Here the authors present Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multisets as a tool for reasoning such a situation through a medical diagnosis problem. As the second application, accuracy of Collaborative Robots using the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiset is discussed.
γ-Operation and Some Types of Soft Sets and Soft Continuity of (Supra) Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Kandil Ali , El-Tantawy Osama A. , El-Sheikh Sobhy A. , El-latif A. M. Abd
Published: March 2016

The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce the notions of ?-operation, pre-open soft set a-open sets, semi open soft set and ß-open soft sets to soft topological spaces. We study the relations between these different types of subsets of soft topological spaces. We introduce new soft separation axioms based on the semi open soft sets which are more general than of the open soft sets. We show that the properties of soft semi Ti-spaces (i=1,2) are soft topological properties under the bijection and irresolute open soft mapping. Also, we introduce the notion of supra soft topological spaces. Moreover, we introduce the concept of supra generalized closed soft sets (supra g-closed soft for short) in a supra topological space (X,µ,E) and study their properties in detail.
New Approaches of Rough Sets via Ideals
Authors: Kandil Ali , Yakout M. M. , Zakaria A.
Published: March 2016

An ideal I on a nonempty set X is a subfamily of P(X) which is closed under finite unions and subsets. In this chapter, a new definition of approximation operators and rough membership functions via ideal has been introduced. The concepts of lower and upper approximations via ideals have been mentioned. These new definitions are comparing with Pawlak's, Yao's and Allam's definitions. It's therefore shown that the current definitions are more generally. Also, it's shown that the present method decreases the boundary region. In addition to these points, the topology generated via present method finer than Allam's one which is a generalization of that obtained by Yao's method. Finally, T1 topological spaces are obtained by relations and ideals which are not discrete.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making Based on Interval Neutrosophic Trapezoid Linguistic Aggregation Operators
Authors: Said Broumi , Smarandache Florentin
Published: March 2016

Multi-attribute decision making (MADM) play an important role in many applications, due to the efficiency to handle indeterminate and inconsistent information, interval neutrosophic sets is widely used to model indeterminate information. In this paper, a new MADM method based on interval neutrosophic trapezoid linguistic weighted arithmetic averaging aggregation (INTrLWAA) operator and interval neutrosophic trapezoid linguistic weighted geometric aggregation (INTrLWGA) operatoris presented. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the application and efficiency of the proposed method.
Interval Wavelet Method for Solving Imprecisely Defined Diffusion Equations
Authors: Nayak Sukanta , Chakraverty S.
Published: March 2016

Recently, Wavelet Method (WM) is becoming a powerful tool to solve various types of differential equations. In this method orthogonal wavelet functions are used as shape functions which are easier to compute. Till date WM has been used for crisp problems that is where the variables and parameters in the differential equations are considered as crisp. But generally in real world problems, every system contains uncertainty and this makes the corresponding mathematical model as uncertain. The uncertain and imprecise parameters make the system complex. Here the uncertainty has been managed by considering the parameters as interval. Accordingly, WM method is modified and Interval Wavelet Method (IWM) has been proposed to solve ODEs.
Examining Tacit Knowledge Acquisition and Opportunity Recognition in International Buyer-Supplier Collaborations
Authors: Saad Norsafinas Md. , Jedin Mohd. Haniff
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to provide initial understanding of how tacit knowledge and potential business opportunities can be generated in international buyer-supplier collaboration. Working jointly with a foreign buyer allows Malaysian manufacturing suppliers to upgrade their capabilities and competitive advantage as the buyer will often provide assistance in various forms ranging from setting up quality standard for product and delivery, to providing technical support and training, to assisting with innovation and finally to helping the supplier detect future business opportunities through the buyer's networks. This can only be achieved when the suppliers are open to such opportunities to acquire tacit knowledge since absorbing newly transferred knowledge and skills evidently requires several learning processes and relationship development. The impact of accumulating the knowledge, expertise and experience gained from the relationship with a foreign buyer will subsequently lead to the acquisition of tacit knowledge and recognition of new opportunities by the Malaysian manufacturing suppliers.
Achieving Standardization
Authors: Henningsson Stefan
Published: March 2016

International e-Customs is going through a standardization process. Driven by the need to increase control in the trade process to address security challenges stemming from threats of terrorists, diseases, and counterfeit products, and to lower the administrative burdens on traders to stay competitive, national customs and regional economic organizations are seeking to establish a standardized solution for digital reporting of customs data. However, standardization has proven hard to achieve in the socio-technical e-Customs solution. In this chapter, the authors identify and describe what has to be harmonized in order for a global company to perceive e-Customs as standardized. In doing so, they contribute an explanation of the challenges associated with using a standardization mechanism for harmonizing socio-technical information systems.
Global Accreditation for a Knowledge-Oriented Community
Authors: Alphin Jr. Henry C.
Published: March 2016

Faculty, administrators, businesses, accrediting agencies, and other institutions concerned with higher education quality must act to provide a framework for international higher learning standards, particularly concerning e-learning and access in developing countries. Higher education internationalization efforts will continue through the use of IT, increased mobility, the knowledge economy, and an integrated world economy (Altbach & Knight, 2007). Global accreditation will help to assure quality and increase options to improve access. A global accreditation model would provide the impetus for a knowledge-oriented global community that provides access to students in developing countries, as well as traditional and non-traditional learners. The chapter examines key forces shaping the transformation and globalization of higher education, international entities taking a global approach to quality assurance and accreditation, and key concepts in development and implementation of quality assurance at the global level. Finally, the chapter concludes with future implications in the ongoing development of global accreditation.
Knowledge Absorptive Capacity for Technological Innovation Capabilities
Authors: Ali Murad , Park Kichan
Published: March 2016

This chapter presents the development stages of a theoretical model of Knowledge Absorptive Capacity (KAC) that shows how most, if not all, firms in developing countries initiate, implement, assimilate, improve, and develop external knowledge. The chapter reviews the literature, models, and frameworks related to knowledge absorptive capacity. The chapter utilizes a qualitative content analysis as an explanation method in case study research to validate the proposed model. The chapter then analyzes Korean firms as a case in point to illustrate how Korean firms have built their knowledge absorptive capacity. The model consists of four stages: 1) knowledge initiation, 2) knowledge imitation, 3) knowledge improvement, and finally, 4) knowledge innovation or 4KI. The framework shows four development stages at Korean firms as: 1) entrance of foreign companies into the Korean market and their reluctance to transfer their knowledge and information sharing to Korean firms, initiating its knowledge absorptive capacity, 2) Korean firms started knowledge absorptive capacity by means of imitating knowledge from external (especially foreign firms), 3) it then developed knowledge absorptive capacity by means of improving external knowledge, and finally, 4) capability to create their own knowledge and becoming one of the leading economy in the world which challenges firms from advanced countries in the global market. The chapter also highlights the developmental changes in the electronics industry of Korea. Keeping past experiences in consideration, the authors conclude that this model provides useful implications for developing economies, known as latecomers following the same pattern of KAC.
E-Government Development in Botswana
Authors: Moahi Kgomotso Hildegard
Published: March 2016

Botswana is in the process of developing and implementing e-Government for its population in an effort to enhance and improve service delivery. In order to achieve that, a significant number of interventions have been put in place on both the supply and demand sides of e-Government. Using literature and document review, this conceptual chapter highlights the major interventions in place to encourage development of e-Government. Specifically, the chapter explores the role of libraries in cementing the use and growth of e-Government in Botswana. The chapter posits that libraries have a cardinal role to play in successful implementation of e-Government, and must therefore be taken into serious account.