bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrent major depression: A ‘best buy’ for health care?
Authors: Shawyer Frances , Enticott Joanne C , Özmen Mehmet , Inder Brett , Meadows Graham N
Published: April 2016

Objective:

While mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in reducing depressive relapse/recurrence, relatively little is known about its health economic properties. We describe the health economic properties of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in relation to its impact on depressive relapse/recurrence over 2 years of follow-up.

Method:

Non-depressed adults with a history of three or more major depressive episodes were randomised to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy + depressive relapse active monitoring ( n = 101) or control (depressive relapse active monitoring alone) ( n = 102) and followed up for 2 years. Structured self-report instruments for service use and absenteeism provided cost data items for health economic analyses. Treatment utility, expressed as disability-adjusted life years, was calculated by adjusting the number of days an individual was depressed by the relevant International Classification of Diseases 12-month severity of depression disability weight from the Global Burden of Disease 2010. Intention-to-treat analysis assessed the incremental cost–utility ratios of the interventions across mental health care, all of health-care and whole-of-society perspectives. Per protocol and site of usual care subgroup analyses were also conducted. Probabilistic uncertainty analysis was completed using cost–utility acceptability curves.

Results:

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy participants had significantly less major depressive episode days compared to controls, as supported by the differential distributions of major depressive episode days (modelled as Poisson, p < 0.001). Average major depressive episode days were consistently less in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group compared to controls, e.g., 31 and 55 days, respectively. From a whole-of-society perspective, analyses of patients receiving usual care from all sectors of the health-care system demonstrated dominance (reduced costs, demonstrable health gains). From a mental health-care perspective, the incremental gain per disability-adjusted life year for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was AUD83,744 net benefit, with an overall annual cost saving of AUD143,511 for people in specialist care.

Conclusion:

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy demonstrated very good health economic properties lending weight to the consideration of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy provision as a good buy within health-care delivery.
Has the Educational System in Lebanon Contributed to the Growing Sectarian Divisions?
Authors: Baytiyeh Hoda
Published: April 2016

The sectarian structure of the Lebanese political system has contributed to periods of sectarian violence and wars over the past four decades. This article highlights the origin of sectarianism in Lebanon and discusses how public and religious schools in the country have reinforced sectarian divisions in the Lebanese society. This is a conceptual article showing that the existing poor educational policies and approaches have de-emphasized national identity and permitted the establishment of religiously segregated schools leading to the growth of sectarian divisions among the Lebanese communities. Better educational approaches are thus necessary for the creation of responsible and socially aware citizens, as well as a culture of tolerance within the country. The article proposes educational reforms, such as the greater implementation of citizenship education, the diversification of school communities, and the promotion of interaction among students from different religious backgrounds as an effective strategy that can build social cohesion and reduce future sectarian violence in Lebanon. As Lebanon is highly susceptible to regional and internal political crises, a long-term educational strategy must be developed to protect children from future hazards of sectarian hatred and violence.
Beliefs about the causes and cures of depression
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Ritchie William , Lay Alixe
Published: April 2016

Background:

This study used attitude statement and vignette methodology to examine a mixed British sample’s belies about the causes and consequences of depression.

Aims:

To test whether the group would recognise both vignettes with having depression and that the favoured cure would be Psychotherapy/Talking Cure.

Method:

In all, 320 adults completed a two-part questionnaire. In the first part, they were given two vignettes describing a 30-year-old female and a 45-year-old male both with depression. They were asked what they thought (if anything) was wrong with the person and how they could best be helped. In the second part, they completed two questionnaires, one which lists 47 possible causes and the other 48 possible treatments for depression.

Results:

Most participants ‘diagnosed’ depression for the two vignettes although they chose very different terms and offered a variety of ‘cures’, including medication and counselling. The questionnaires about cause and cure factored into seven interpretable factors which were logically correlated. A series of regressions showed that sex, age, media interest, political beliefs, experience with depression and other mental illnesses as well as having known of others diagnosed with depression predicted different beliefs about the causes and cures of depression.

Conclusion:

People have a detailed and multidimensional view of the causes and cures for depression which is systematically related to each other.
Study of mechanical and physical properties of LLDPE-G-MA injection grade reinforced with coffee husk post-industrial waste
Authors: Urrego Yepes William , Posada Juan Carlos , Jaramillo Leyla Yamile , Sierra Juan Diego
Published: April 2016

In this work, the evaluation of a post-industrial residue of coffee industry (coffee husk) as organic filler in functionalised linear low-density polyethylene matrix was investigated. The properties of these composites were compared with more widely used inorganic fillers, such as calcium carbonate and SiO2. All the composites were prepared by grafting of linear low-density polyethylene maleic anhydride and then by melt mixing of fillers. The rheological behaviour of the compounds during processing was established to evaluate the effects of a nanosized (SiO2), micron sized calcium carbonate and coffee husk fillers. Additionally, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of the polymer composites were evaluated. The results indicated an increase in tensile modulus and tensile strength resulting from incorporation of fillers in the polymer matrix. Some relevant modifications of melting temperature and crystallinity degree for coffee husk composites were observed, but not observed for inorganic fillers composites. The properties of the composites prepared with coffee husk were comparable to those obtained with inorganic fillers, demonstrating that this coffee residue can be used as filler for obtaining composites for many possible applications.
Future Directions: Enhancing the public value of the Fair Work Commission
Authors: Ross AO Justice Iain
Published: April 2016

This article looks at the transformational changes and innovations occurring within the Fair Work Commission (the Commission) in response to changes in the workplace relations, economic and social environments. Beginning with a discussion on defining, measuring and communicating success in the public sector and the challenges of applying public value concepts to gauge the performance of courts and tribunals, the article then considers the changing nature of the Commission’s work, a shift from collective to individual dispute resolution with a corresponding increase in the number of applications lodged. The response is the Future Directions program, over 50 new initiatives aimed at enhancing the public value of the Commission. Future Directions encompasses four broad themes: promoting fairness and improving access; efficiency and innovation; increasing accountability and productivity; and engaging with industry. The implementation of Future Directions has significantly improved the service and public value that the Commission provides to the community and enhances the Commission’s standing as one of Australia’s key national institutions.
Analyzing the impact of modeling choices and assumptions in compartmental epidemiological models
Authors: Özmen Özgür , Nutaro James J , Pullum Laura L , Ramanathan Arvind
Published: April 2016

Computational disease spread models can be broadly classified into differential equation-based models (EBMs) and agent-based models (ABMs). We examine these models in the context of illuminating their hidden assumptions and the impact these may have on the model outcomes. Drawing relevant conclusions about the usability of a model requires reliable information regarding its modeling strategy and its associated assumptions. Hence, we aim to provide clear guidelines on the development of these models and delineate important modeling choices that cause the differences between the model outputs. In this study, we present a quantitative analysis of how the choice of model trajectories and temporal resolution (continuous versus discrete-event models), coupling between agents (instantaneous versus delayed interactions), and progress of patients from one stage of the disease to the next affect the overall outcomes of modeling disease spread. Our study reveals that the magnitude and velocity of the simulated epidemic depends critically on the selection of modeling principles, various assumptions of disease process, and the choice of time advance. In order to inform public health officials and improve reproducibility, these initial decisions of modelers should be carefully considered and recorded when building and documenting an ABM.
Measuring and presetting system for tool electrodes used for machining rimmed turbine blisks
Authors: Huang Haipeng , Li Maosheng , Zhao Zhen , Chi Guanxin , Wang Zhenlong
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study is to develop a measuring and presetting system for tool electrodes used for machining rimmed turbine blisks. A data-sampling method based on voltage monitoring was established as the foundation of this study. The proposed system, which consisted of three parts (mechanical, electric control and computer numerical control system software), was then realized. The method for extracting characteristic points from the theoretical model of the tool electrode and the bicubic B-spline algorithms for reconstructing the actual model of the tool electrode were established. A simulation analysis of the surface deviation was conducted to verify the extracting method and the algorithms. Next, a suitable accuracy evaluation method was developed to evaluate the accuracy of the tool electrode. Several experiments were performed to verify the performance of the system. Currently, the system is applied to practical production and has shown satisfactory results.
Candidate Biomarkers for HPV‐Negative Head and Neck Cancer Identified via Gene Expression Barcode Analysis
Authors: Yang Shiayin F. , Bier‐Laning Carol M. , Adams William , Zilliox Michael J.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

(1) Reanalyze publicly available genomic data for HPV‐negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma to look for candidate biomarkers. (2) Evaluate the association of the identified biomarkers with survival.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care.

Subjects and Methods

Gene expression barcode analysis was applied to an existing publicly available data set of 54 HPV‐negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma tumor samples to identify candidate genes associated with poor prognosis. Genes identified were evaluated for their association with survival on the basis of univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Three genes were found to be associated with poor prognosis. The most significant association was seen with spectrin expression. Subjects whose tumors expressed spectrin were 4.60 times more likely (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.88‐11.25) to die at any given time when compared with those without spectrin (P =. 001). On univariable analysis, subjects with late‐stage cancer were 6.34 times more likely (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.41‐28.53; P =. 02) to die at any given time, but interestingly, after controlling for spectrin, this effect was attenuated (P =. 07). Despite controlling for several possible confounding effects, the effect of spectrin remained hazardous throughout all multivariable models. This was true even after controlling for cancer stage and extracapsular extension (P =. 004).

Conclusion

Our analysis of public genomic data shows promise in identifying biomarkers that may allow clinicians to make more accurate survival predictions. Spectrin is a strong candidate for further biomarker testing.
Successful excision of a massive bleeding schwannoma by thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Ishibashi Hironori , Takasaki Chihiro , Okubo Kenichi
Published: April 2016

Massive intrathoracic bleeding caused by rupture of a benign schwannoma is extremely rare. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department because of chest pain and dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed massive pleural effusion and a posterior mediastinal tumor. Chest tube thoracostomy was performed, and the initial blood drainage was 1700 mL. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor at the 8th costal level measured 46 × 60 mm. The tumor, located beside the 8th vertebra, had ruptured and caused the bleeding. It was successfully excised by thoracoscopic surgery and diagnosed as a benign schwannoma.
Diabolical Rage? Children, Violence, and Demonic Possession in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Katajala-Peltomaa Sari
Published: April 2016

In the medieval world, demons were considered to be active agents in daily life. They could entice people to sin, but also possess an innocent victim’s body. Demoniacs—such possessed people—were often out of their mind, violent, and aggressive. This article explores specific cases of demonic possession—those of children attacking their parents, as reported in medieval canonization processes—and argues that religious rhetoric offered a means to explain the children’s violence. In addition to providing an explanation, religion provided an outlet in an unbearable situation: attacking one’s parents was a sign of the utmost disrespect to the social hierarchies and moral teachings; blaming a demon offered a remedy without blaming the child (or the parents for bad parenting). Child demoniacs were often treated harshly: they were tied up and sometimes beaten, but they were not abandoned. Like the affliction, the cure was also spiritual: parents invoked the help of a saint, which restored the harmony and hierarchy of family life.
A Systematic Review of Psychiatric, Psychological, and Behavioural Outcomes following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Emery Carolyn A. , Barlow Karen M. , Brooks Brian L. , Max Jeffrey E. , Villavicencio-Requis Angela , Gnanakumar Vithya , Robertson Helen Lee , Schneider Kathryn , Yeates Keith Owen
Published: April 2016

Background:

Evidence regarding longer-term psychiatric, psychological, and behavioural outcomes (for example, anxiety, mood disorders, depression, and attention disorders) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children and adolescents has not been previously synthesized.

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review of the available evidence examining psychiatric, psychological, and behavioural outcomes following mTBI in children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

Nine electronic databases were systematically searched from 1980 to August 2014. Studies selected met the following criteria: original data; study design was a randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental design, cohort or historical cohort study, case-control study, or cross-sectional study; exposure included mTBI (including concussion); population included children and adolescents (<19 years) at the time of mTBI, as well as a comparison group (for example, healthy children, children with orthopaedic injuries); and included psychiatric, psychological, or behavioural outcomes (for example, anxiety, mood disorders, depression, attention disorders). Two authors independently assessed the quality and level of evidence with the Downs and Black (DB) criteria and Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) model, respectively, for each manuscript.

Results:

Of 9472 studies identified in the initial search, 30 were included and scored. Heterogeneity in methodology and injury definition precluded meta-analyses. The median methodological quality for all 30 studies, based on the DB criteria, was 15/33 (range 6 to 19). The highest level of evidence demonstrated by all reviewed studies was level 2b based on OCEBM criteria, with the majority (28/30 studies) classified at this level. Based on the literature included in this systematic review, psychological and psychiatric problems in children with a history of mTBI were found to be more prevalent when mTBI is associated with hospitalization, when assessment occurs earlier in the recovery period (that is, resolves over time), when there are multiple previous mTBIs, in individuals with preexisting psychiatric illness, when outcomes are based on retrospective recall, and when the comparison group is noninjured healthy children (as opposed to children with injuries not involving the head).

Conclusions:

Overall, few rigorous prospective studies have examined psychological, behavioural, and psychiatric outcomes following mTBI. In the absence of true reports of preinjury problems and when ideally comparing mild TBI to non-TBI injured controls, there is little evidence to suggest that psychological, behavioural, and/or psychiatric problems persist beyond the acute and subacute period following an mTBI in children and adolescents.
Collagen/gold nanoparticle nanocomposites: A potential skin wound healing biomaterial
Authors: Akturk Omer , Kismet Kemal , Yasti Ahmet C , Kuru Serdar , Duymus Mehmet E , Kaya Feridun , Caydere Muzaffer , Hucumenoglu Sema , Keskin Dilek
Published: April 2016

In this study, nanocomposite collagen scaffolds incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared for wound healing applications. Initially, dose (<20 ppm) and size (>20 nm) of AuNPs that were not cytotoxic on HaCat keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts were determined. Both collagen sponges and AuNP-incorporated nanocomposites (CS-Au) were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CS-X and CS-AuX). Incorporation of AuNPs into cross-linked scaffolds enhanced their stability against enzymatic degradation and increased the tensile strength. Hydrolytic degradation of CS-Au group was also less than CS after seven days. Upon confirming in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds with cytotoxicity assays, cell attachment and proliferation tests and the in vivo efficacy for healing of full-thickness skin wounds were investigated by applying CS-X, CS-AuX or a commercial product (Matriderm®) onto defect sites and covering with Ioban® drapes. Defects were covered only with drapes for untreated control group. The wound areas were examined with histopathological and biomechanical tests after 14 days of operation. CS-AuX group was superior to untreated control and Matriderm®; it suppressed the inflammation while significantly promoting granulation tissue formation. Inflammatory reaction against CS-AuX was milder than CS-X. Neovascularization was also higher in CS-AuX than other groups, though the result was not significant. Wound closure in CS-X (76%), CS-AuX (69%), and Matriderm® (65%) were better than untreated control (45%). CS-AuX group had the highest tensile strength (significantly higher than Matriderm®) and modulus (significantly higher than Matriderm® and CS-X), indicating a faster course of dermal healing. Further studies are also needed to investigate whether higher loading of AuNPs affects these results positively in a statistically meaningful manner. Overall, their contribution to the enhancement of degradation profiles and mechanical properties, their excellent in vitro biocompatibility, and tendency to accelerate wound healing are encouraging the use of AuNPs in collagen sponges as potent skin substitutes in the future.
A framework for improving the responsiveness of policy through development evaluation
Authors: Porter Stephen
Published: April 2016

Development evaluation, which prioritizes poverty reduction, potentially can increase the responsiveness of policy to poor people. Power imbalances, however, mean that although development evaluation has the possibility to be an important contributor to poverty reduction efforts, the interests of the poor are often excluded from the process of evaluation. In this article a framework that utilizes principal–agent concepts is detailed and applied, drawing on five case studies. An emerging configuration of principal–agent relations within the case studies is discussed and some potential entry points for evaluation to support responsiveness are highlighted. This discussion provides initial evidence of the applicability of the principal–agent concepts to advance development evaluation practice.
Forgiving and forgetting: South African reality television, fatherhood and nation
Authors: Smit Alexia
Published: April 2016

This article examines the presentation of mediated reconciliation on the South African reality television show Forgive and Forget (e.tv, 2007–2012). The show features a representation of Black South African masculinity that is located in the domestic realm and associated with care and emotion. This differs from the prominent figuring of Black masculinity in terms of the gangster trope in South African media. The national discourse on reconciliation and nation-building associated with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission foregrounds certain political figures as fathers to the nation. On Forgive and Forget, this narrative is relocated in the domestic sphere with regard to representations of fathers and their children. While on its surface the programme retells a familiar narrative of national reconciliation through family stories, there is an evident tension between a somewhat contrived reconciliation and the many contextual, economic and social complexities of each forgiveness story. These tensions themselves provide a productive space for reflecting on reconciliation through the lens of the family.
Processing architecture
Authors: Leitão António , Caetano Inês , Correia Hugo
Published: April 2016

Programming promotes creative freedom but might require considerable effort to learn. The Processing language was created to simplify this learning process. Due to its graphical capabilities, the language has become very popular among the electronic arts and design communities. Unfortunately, this popularity could not be extended to the architecture community, which relies on traditional heavyweight computer-aided design and building information modeling applications that cannot be programmed using Processing. As a result, it becomes difficult for architects to take advantage of Processing. To solve this problem, we propose an implementation of Processing that runs in the context of the most used computer-aided design tools in architecture. Our implementation allows Processing to generate two- or three-dimensional models that are directly usable for architectural work. To this end, we also propose extensions to the language, including three-dimensional modeling primitives that dramatically simplify the effort needed for developing large and complex architectural models with Processing.
The Rise and Fall of Social Capital: Requiem for a Theory?
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele , Arrigoni Alessandro
Published: April 2016

We distinguish between social capital theory and social capital political discourse in order to reflect upon their relation with one another and neoliberalism. We claim this analytical distinction is useful to understand the existence of a feedback effect between theory and political discourse. During the 1990s, the connection between social capital theory and neoliberalism has been transposed from academia to political discourse, thus contributing to popularise social capital within the public sphere. Over time, however, rising economic inequalities (exacerbated by the recent economic crises) have demonstrated that the neoliberal political agenda is incompatible with the aim to generate social capital. Focusing on the critical case of Britain, we argue that the rapid demise of the Big Society idea might signal a corresponding decline of social capital theory within academia.
Recruitment for a hospital-based pragmatic clinical trial using volunteer nurses and students
Authors: Blewer Audrey L , Li Jiaqi , Ikeda Daniel J , Leary Marion , Buckler David G , Riegel Barbara , Desai Sunita , Groeneveld Peter W , Putt Mary E , Abella Benjamin S
Published: April 2016

Background/aims:

Recruitment of subjects is critical to the success of any clinical trial, but achieving this goal can be a challenging endeavor. Volunteer nurse and student enrollers are potentially an important source of recruiters for hospital-based trials; however, little is known of either the efficacy or cost of these types of enrollers. We assessed volunteer clinical nurses and health science students in their rates of enrolling family members in a hospital-based, pragmatic clinical trial of cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, and their ability to achieve target recruitment goals. We hypothesized that students would have a higher enrollment rate and are more cost-effective compared to nurses.

Methods:

Volunteer nurses and student enrollers were recruited from eight institutions. Participating nurses were primarily bedside nurses or nurse educators while students were pre-medical, pre-nursing, and pre-health students at local universities. We recorded the frequency of enrollees recruited into the clinical trial by each enroller. Enrollers’ impressions of recruitment were assessed using mixed-methods surveys. Cost was estimated based on enrollment data. Overall enrollment data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations.

Results:

From February 2012 to November 2014, 260 hospital personnel (167 nurses and 93 students) enrolled 1493 cardiac patients’ family members, achieving target recruitment goals. Of those recruited, 822 (55%) were by nurses, while 671 (45%) were by students. Overall, students enrolled 5.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.88, 10.27) more subjects per month than nurses (p < 0.01). After consenting to participate in recruitment, students had a 2.85 (95% CI: 1.09, 7.43) increased chance of enrolling at least one family member (p = 0.03). Among those who enrolled at least one subject, nurses enrolled a mean of 0.51(95% CI: 0.42, 0.59) subjects monthly, while students enrolled 1.63 (95% CI: 1.37, 1.90) per month (p < 0.01). Of 198 surveyed hospital personnel (127 nurses, 71 students), 168/198 (85%) felt confident conducting enrollment. The variable cost per enrollee recruited was $25.38 per subject for nurses and $23.30 per subject for students.

Conclusions:

Overall, volunteer students enrolled more subjects per month at a lower cost than nurses. This work suggests that recruitment goals for a pragmatic clinical trial can be successfully obtained using both nurses and students.
Quantitative uncertainty evaluation of seismic facies classification: A case study from northeast China
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Li Jingye , Chen Xiaohong , Rao Ying
Published: April 2016

Reservoir characterization in the early stage of oilfield exploration generally has enormous uncertainty because few geophysical and well data are typically available. The uncertainty when classifying the facies with seismic data propagates throughout the processes of seismic facies classification, causing errors in the final evaluation of geologic features in an area. To quantitatively evaluate the uncertainty in seismic facies classification, we have analyzed prestack seismic data and well observations in a tight reservoir from northeast China and calculated the uncertainties throughout the process. To achieve this, the facies probabilities conditioned on different properties in each step of seismic facies classification were first derived using a probabilistic multistep inversion. Second, the associated uncertainty and maximum a posterior (MAP) of facies probabilities were evaluated by means of entropy and reconstruction rate, which assessed the degree of similarity between MAP and facies sequence within the range [0, 1]. This enabled us to investigate the influence of the uncertainty propagation on seismic facies classification. The uncertainty of the inversion results for the target reservoir was finally characterized by the calculated entropy and its indicator transform. Additionally, parameter spaces of well-log and upscaled elastic properties were restricted according to the data distribution characteristics in the crossplot. Parameter vectors that were outside the restricted scopes were excluded, reducing the computational time and uncertainty. We determined that quantitative uncertainty evaluation by entropy with a probabilistic multistep approach enabled us to explore much more details of the uncertainty propagation in the processes of seismic reservoir characterization. It should be the method of choice for risk of management and decision making in reservoir assessment.
The Association Between Progesterone, Estradiol, and Oxytocin and Heat Pain Measures in Pregnancy: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Frölich Michael A. , Banks Catiffaney , Warren William , Robbins Meredith , Ness Timothy
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Hormonal action has been implicated as a possible mechanism for pregnancy-induced analgesia. Previous investigators have reported an increase in heat pain tolerance during labor compared with nonpregnant controls and postulated it was because of the hormonal changes during pregnancy. However, these previous reports did not include measurement of hormonal values. The purpose of our study was to quantitatively test if changes in pregnancy hormone concentrations correlated with changes in temperature ratings.

METHODS:

This was a prospective cohort study consisting of 32 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at term between July 2010 and January 2013. Heat pain threshold and tolerance, estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin levels were measured twice in each patient at term and again 4 to 8 weeks postpartum.

RESULTS:

All hormone levels decreased significantly between term pregnancy and the postpartum visit (all P values < 0.029). However, there were no statistically significant differences between term and postpartum heat pain measurements. The mean baseline heat pain threshold was 40.9°C at term compared with 40.3°C °postpartum (P = 0.47; mean change, −0.6°C; 95% confidence interval of change, −1.8°C to +0.7°C). The mean baseline heat pain tolerance was 46.1°C at term and 46.0°C postpartum (P = 0.59; mean change, −0.1°C; 95% confidence interval of change, −0.8°C° to +0.6°C).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings show that amounts of estradiol and progesterone changed significantly between the term and the postpartum visit; however, the thermal pain tolerance did not significantly change. In summary, we did not observe an association between hormonal changes and changes in pain threshold measures. This finding argues against the concept of simple progesterone- or estrogen-induced analgesia in humans.
The Association Between Preoperative Frailty and Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Brown Charles H. , Max Laura , LaFlam Andrew , Kirk Lou , Gross Alden , Arora Rakesh , Neufeld Karin , Hogue Charles W. , Walston Jeremy , Pustavoitau Aliaksei
Published: April 2016

Delirium is common after cardiac surgery, and preoperative identification of high-risk patients could guide prevention strategies. We prospectively measured frailty in 55 patients before cardiac surgery and assessed postoperative delirium using a validated chart review. The prevalence of frailty was 30.9%. Frail patients had a higher incidence of delirium (47.1%) compared with nonfrail patients (2.6%;P< 0.001). In multivariable models, the relative risk of delirium was ≥2.1-fold greater in frail compared with nonfrail patients (relative risk, 18.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–161.8;P= 0.009). Frailty may identify patients who would benefit from delirium-prevention strategies because of increased baseline risk for delirium.
The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications
Authors: Lipnick Michael S. , Feiner John R. , Au Paul , Bernstein Michael , Bickler Philip E.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Universal access to pulse oximetry worldwide is often limited by cost and has substantial public health consequences. Low-cost pulse oximeters have become increasingly available with limited regulatory agency oversight. The accuracy of these devices often has not been validated, raising questions about performance.

METHODS:

The accuracy of 6 low-cost finger pulse oximeters during stable arterial oxygen saturations (Sao
2) between 70% and 100% was evaluated in 22 healthy subjects. Oximeters tested were the Contec CMS50DL, Beijing Choice C20, Beijing Choice MD300C23, Starhealth SH-A3, Jumper FPD-500A, and Atlantean SB100 II. Inspired oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide partial pressures were monitored and adjusted via a partial rebreathing circuit to achieve 10 to 12 stable target Sao
2 plateaus between 70% and 100% and Paco
2 values of 35 to 45 mm Hg. Comparisons of pulse oximeter readings (Spo
2) with arterial Sao
2 (by Radiometer ABL90 and OSM3) were used to calculate bias (Spo
2 – Sao
2) mean, precision (SD of the bias), and root mean square error (ARMS).

RESULTS:

Pulse oximeter readings corresponding to 536 blood samples were analyzed. Four of the 6 oximeters tested showed large errors (up to −6.30% mean bias, precision 4.30%, 7.53 ARMS) in estimating saturation when Sao
2 was reduced <80%, and half of the oximeters demonstrated large errors when estimating saturations between 80% and 90%. Two of the pulse oximeters tested (Contec CMS50DL and Beijing Choice C20) demonstrated ARMS of <3% at Sao
2 between 70% and 100%, thereby meeting International Organization for Standardization (ISO) criteria for accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Many low-cost pulse oximeters sold to consumers demonstrate highly inaccurate readings. Unexpectedly, the accuracy of some low-cost pulse oximeters tested here performed similarly to more expensive, ISO-cleared units when measuring hypoxia in healthy subjects. None of those tested here met World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists standards, and the ideal testing conditions do not necessarily translate these findings to the clinical setting. Nonetheless, further development of accurate, low-cost oximeters for use in clinical practice is feasible and, if pursued, could improve access to safe care, especially in low-income countries.
Pupilles de L'empire
Authors: Hassett Dónal
Published: April 2016

In July 1917 French legislators conferred a special legal status on those children whose parent(s) had died or been brutally mutilated while defending the patrie: pupille de la nation. In metropolitan France, the state, working closely with preexisting philanthropic organizations, would develop a system of provision for these children based on a legal right to full compensation for the loss they had endured. In the colonies, however, the application of the program would prove far more problematic. This article uses the correspondence between the Ministry of the Colonies and colonial administrators across the empire to trace the debate surrounding a possible colonial version of the program. It contends that colonial administrators mobilized racial prejudice and cultural particularism, to different extents in different colonies, in order to water down the state's duty of care to its child victims of war, the pupilles de l'empire.
The Crucible of War
Authors: Ingram Norman
Published: April 2016

Nineteen sixteen was the midpoint of the Great War. The bloodbath of the war of attrition reached its apogee in the Battles of Verdun and the Somme. The Ligue des Droits de l'Homme (LDH) held its first wartime congress in November 1916 with this as a backdrop. The theme of the congress was the “conditions for a lasting peace.” Two issues came to the fore. The first was France's relationship with its autocratic, undemocratic ally, imperial Russia, and in particular how to square support for all that the LDH stood for with Russia's treatment of its oppressed minorities, especially the Poles. The second was that the LDH debated calls for a negotiated end to the war, ultimately rejecting them, but only after a lengthy debate showed how the LDH was divided between a majority that believed that arbitration could be applied only in times of peace, and a minority that demanded an immediate end to the carnage, operating within a nineteenth-century episteme that privileged arbitration as the pacifist method of choice.
Poly(A) code analyses reveal key determinants for tissue-specific mRNA alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Weng Lingjie , Li Yi , Xie Xiaohui , Shi Yongsheng
Published: April 2016

mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a critical mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation and is often regulated in a tissue- and/or developmental stage-specific manner. An ultimate goal for the APA field has been to be able to computationally predict APA profiles under different physiological or pathological conditions. As a first step toward this goal, we have assembled a poly(A) code for predicting tissue-specific poly(A) sites (PASs). Based on a compendium of over 600 features that have known or potential roles in PAS selection, we have generated and refined a machine-learning algorithm using multiple high-throughput sequencing-based data sets of tissue-specific and constitutive PASs. This code can predict tissue-specific PASs with >85% accuracy. Importantly, by analyzing the prediction performance based on different RNA features, we found that PAS context, including the distance between alternative PASs and the relative position of a PAS within the gene, is a key feature for determining the susceptibility of a PAS to tissue-specific regulation. Our poly(A) code provides a useful tool for not only predicting tissue-specific APA regulation, but also for studying its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Έκθεσις των εργασιών του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου από 1 Ιανουαρίου 1895 - 31 Δεκεμβρίου 1895
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Έκθεσις των εργασιών του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου από 1 Ιανουαρίου 1896 - 31 Δεκεμβρίου 1896
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Μουσείον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας. Μελέται, εργασίαι και περιηγήσεις του 1897
Authors: ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ Γεώργιος
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Μουσείον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας. Μελέται, εργασίαι και περιηγήσεις του 1898
Authors: ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ Γεώργιος
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Δωρεαί εις το Χριστιανικόν Μουσείον κατά το έτος 1894
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Δωρεαί εις το Χριστιανικόν Μουσείον κατά το έτος 1896
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Αρχαί της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας κατά το έτος 1894
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Αρχαί της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας κατά το έτος 1895
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
Integrating health care for homeless people: Experiences of the KHP Pathway Homeless Team
Authors: Dorney-Smith Samantha , Hewett Nigel , Khan Zana , Smith Rachel
Published: April 2016

This article describes the setting up of a multidisciplinary, multi-agency homeless team within the King's Health Partners hospitals in South London. The KHP Pathway Homeless team has been operating since January 2014, and works across three NHS Trusts, and five hospitals. The team is affiliated to, and forms part of a Pathway network of nine teams in acute care settings nationally. This article outlines how the team has integrated primary and secondary care (the team is GP-led and works alongside the community homeless teams); the voluntary sector with the NHS (the team has four third sector organisations providing staff within a 20-person team); mental health and physical health (one of the trusts is a mental health trust and the team has both physical and mental health care practitioners); and health and housing (the team assists patients into housing, and has built relationships to assist with this). As part of the operational detail, the highly successful homeless frequent attenders forum, which involved a large number of community partners, is discussed. Information governance and practical challenges are outlined. In the first year of operation the team received 1603 referrals, and housed or reconnected 56% of those that were admitted. Case studies of improved outcomes are profiled and outcomes benchmarked against other Pathway teams.
Complaints in the foot and ankle unit
Authors: Jain Kowshik , Murphy Philip N , Clough Timothy M
Published: April 2016

Complaints in the NHS have significant legal and financial implications. We performed an investigation to identify the causes, incidence and outcome of complaints in the Foot and Ankle unit of a tertiary referral centre. We found the complaint rate in the foot and ankle unit is low. Good communication and a professional attitude will significantly reduce complaints. The majority of complaints have local resolution, but there is potential for significant cost with every complaint.
Creating opportunities for the early years workforce in Bradford
Authors: Howes Jo
Published: April 2016

Health visitor and iHV Fellow Jo Howes is part of a team implementing the Better Start programme, a series of evidence-based projects to improve outcomes for children in deprived areas of Bradford.
Newly qualified health visitor: The bigger picture
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: April 2016

Lisa Forbes considers the ways in which relationships are developed between team members and other professionals, and the importance of these connections to meet the needs of communities.
Minor injuries and ailments. 4: Gastroenteritis
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

Approximately 10% of children under the age of 5 years present to health services with gastroenteritis each year ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2009 ). Most do not need to be admitted to hospital, but many are treated as inpatients each year, exposing other vulnerable hospitalised children to the illness. Gastroenteritis is a significant burden on health service resources ( National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health, 2009 ). This article will focus on managing and treating the symptoms of gastroenteritis in children at home; when parents should be advised to attend A&E; and when to call an ambulance.
Signposting the NHS for migrants
Authors: Cowley Dame Sarah
Published: April 2016

One sunny Sunday in March, Dame Sarah Cowley made her way to the Google Campus in London to judge the 2-day NHS Navigation Hackathon, a competition to design a new app to help migrants and refugees find their way around the NHS.
Micromotion at the tibial plateau in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: fixedversusrotating platform designs
Authors: Small S. R. , Rogge R. D. , Malinzak R. A. , Reyes E. M. , Cook P. L. , Farley K. A. , Ritter M. A.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

Initial stability of tibial trays is crucial for long-term success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in both primary and revision settings. Rotating platform (RP) designs reduce torque transfer at the tibiofemoral interface. We asked if this reduced torque transfer in RP designs resulted in subsequently reduced micromotion at the cemented fixation interface between the prosthesis component and the adjacent bone.

Methods

Composite tibias were implanted with fixed and RP primary and revision tibial trays and biomechanically tested under up to 2.5 kN of axial compression and 10° of external femoral component rotation. Relative micromotion between the implanted tibial tray and the neighbouring bone was quantified using high-precision digital image correlation techniques.

Results

Rotational malalignment between femoral and tibial components generated 40% less overall tibial tray micromotion in RP designs than in standard fixed bearing tibial trays. RP trays reduced micromotion by up to 172 µm in axial compression and 84 µm in rotational malalignment models.

Conclusions

Reduced torque transfer at the tibiofemoral interface in RP tibial trays reduces relative component micromotion and may aid long-term stability in cases of revision TKA or poor bone quality. Cite this article: Mr S. R. Small. Micromotion at the tibial plateau in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: fixed versus rotating platform designs. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:122–129. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000481.
Evolución del alumnado de enseñanza secundaria en el País Valenciano durante los años ochenta
Authors: Bartolomé Pina Pascual Antonio
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se ofrece al lector una visión global de la evolución que ha experimentado la enseñanza secundaria durante los años ochenta en el País Valenciano, esto es: del crecimiento del alumnado tanto en el bachillerato como en la formación profesional; del carácter selectivo de dicho incremento; y de la manera como se ha visto afectada por él la enseñanza privada y la pública.
Agua malgastada y agua utilizada: observaciones sobre la modernización del regadío en el Oasis de Kuqar (Xinjiang, República Popular China)
Authors: Faggi Pierpaolo
Published: April 2016

En el marco de una sólida e invasora política de colonización de las tierras secas, desde 1949, la República Popular China ha activado procesos de transformación profunda en la Región Occidental de Xinjiang (gentelle, 1974; Betke y Küchler, 1986; Faggi, 1988).
La demanda de agua en territorio valenciano
Authors: Gil Olcina Antonio
Published: April 2016

A partir de la consideración del notorio desequilibrio espacial de recursos hídricos existente en territorio valenciano, intensificado por la demanda, se analiza la evolución y estructura de la misma. Sobresalen el abrumador predominio del consumo agrícola, la progresiva importancia del abastecimiento urbano y el serio problema de la contaminación; próximamente, la exigencia generalizada de recursos para salvaguarda del medio ambiente participará, aventajando en prioridad a los destinos agrícola e industrial, en la creciente competencia de usos. Ante el dilema maniqueo entre grandes obras hidráulicas y explotación de acuíferos se opta por una solución conjunta e intermedia, que ha de ser cuidadosamente ponderada con criterios hidrológicos, ecológicos, técnicos y de rentabilidad económica, en un marco global de racionalización y optimización del consumo.
Los espacios periurbanos en el área de Alicante-Elche (España)
Authors: Gozálvez Pérez Vicente , Ponce Herrero Gabino , Costa Mas José , Canales Martínez Gregorio , Navarro Vera José Ramón
Published: April 2016

Los procesos de periurbanización en Alicante y Elche se iniciaron con los años 1960 y desde entonces han mantenido una expansión continua y acelerada; están basados en la industrialización y el desarrollo terciario locales, sobre los que ha confluido una importante edificación turístico-residencial en la franja costera. Se distinguen tres tipologías de periurbanización según morfologías edificatorias y de usos: 1) turístico-residencial en la franja costera, para propietarios locales y foráneos: 2) con viviendas unifamiliares en los espacios no costeros, para propietarios locales; en su mayor parte esta periurbanización ha ocupado suelos agrícolas arbolados; 3) ejes industriales y terciarios sobre las carreteras principales que parten de las ciudades.