bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Length to Diameter Ratio on Erosive Burning in a Solid Tubular Propellant Grain
Authors: Sheikholeslam Mohammad Reza Zadeh , Kazemi Daryoosh , Amiri Hooman
Published: October 2011

Erosive burning usually refers to the increase in the propellant burning rate caused by high velocity combustion gasses flowing over the propellant surface. It may seriously affect the performance of solid-propellant rocket motors [1]. A series of experiments had been made to study the effects of length to the diameter ratio in a single tubular propellant grain on the erosive burning phenomenon. In the same combustion pressure and different grain geometries, the burning pattern of AP1based propellant were recorded. Furthermore, pressure-time curve for each condition was obtained. The mean velocity gradient is obtained by some thermo-gas-dynamical analysis on experimental data. The results can be used for preliminary design of AP based tubular propellant rocket motors. This method may be used for other types of tubular solid propellants which defer in chemical formulation.
The Dynamics Analysis and Vibration Measuring of the 5-DOF Magnetic Suspension Flywheel
Authors: Fang Jian Cheng , Wen Tong
Published: October 2011

Magnetic Suspension Flywheel (MSFW) is regarded as a promising attitude control actuator for the ultra-precision and long life-span spacecraft. The output vibration of an operating MSFW is an important criterion to evaluate the system’s performance. Based on the dynamics model of rotor with the residual imbalances and the transfer functions of the controller, the restoring electromagnetic forces and torques for the suspension of the rotor is calculated. Then a testing rig was designed to measure the displacements, currents and vibration outputs of the MSFW. The vibrations of the basement caused by reactions of the restoring forces and torques are calculated. In the end, the displacements, currents and vibrations of the operating MSFW are measured to evaluate the performance of the MSFW.
Artificial Intelligence Model of Surface Roughness for End Milling Operation of Steel and its Verification by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Patwari Mohammed Anayet Ullah , Amin A.K.M. Nurul
Published: October 2011

Surface roughness is important for evaluating the machined surface quality. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surface roughness prediction model was developed by coupling it with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). For this interpretation, advantages of statistical experimental design techniques, experimental measurements, and artificial neural network were exploited in an integrated manner. Cutting experiments were designed based on small centre composite design technique to develop a RSM model. The input cutting parameters were: cutting speed, feed, and axial depth of cut, and the output parameter was surface roughness. The predictive model was created using a feed-forward back-propagation neural network exploiting the experimental data. The network was trained with pairs of inputs/outputs datasets generated by end milling medium carbon steel with TiN coated carbide inserts. The model can be used for the analysis and prediction of the complex relationships between cutting conditions and surface roughness, in metal-cutting operations, with the ultimate goal of efficient production. The ANN model was verified with the optimized parameters predicted by a coupled genetic algorithm (GA) and RSM technique also developed by the authors.
Design and Analysis of Flapping Wing
Authors: Kumar G.C. Vishnu , Juliyana M. Rahamath
Published: October 2011

This paper the optimum wing planform for flapping motion is investigated by measuring the lift and drag characteristics. A model is designed with a fixed wing and two flapping wings attached to its trailing edge. Using wind tunnel tests are conducted to study the effect of angle of attack (smoke flow visualization technique). The test comprises of measuring the aerodynamic forces with flapping motion and without it for various flapping frequencies and results are presented. It can be possible to produce a micro air vehicle which is capable of stealthy operations for defence requirements by using these experimental data.
Flutter Analysis of Wing, Booster Fin and Vertical Tail
Authors: Vinayagamurthy G. , Parammasivam K.M. , Pillai S.Nadaraja
Published: October 2011

Aerospace vehicles are subjected to various types of severe environmental loads. The basic design criterion includes the minimum weight configuration that results in very flexible structures, which leads to various types of structural interaction problems like flutter, divergence etc. Hence every aerospace vehicle should be analysed for its aeroelastic instabilities. In the present work the flutter analysis of a typical space vehicle was carried out in substructure level with the interface fixed condition. The doublet lattice, zona51 and piston theories are used in the unsteady aerodynamic calculations for the subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic speed regimes. As there is no theoretical procedure for transonic speeds, doublet lattice method has been used in the present analysis. Frequency and damping versus velocity are presented to identify the flutter velocities and the flutter behavior.
Effect of Sheet Thickness on Magnitude and Distribution of Magnetic Force in Electromagnetic Sheet Metal Forming Process
Authors: Sedighi Mohammad , Karimi-Nemch H. , Khandaei M.
Published: October 2011

Electromagnetic forming is one of the sheet metal forming processes in which force is applied by an electromagnetic pulse. In this process, sheet metal is deformed rapidly at high strain rates. In this paper, FE simulation has been applied to study distribution of magnetic field formed by spiral coil and inducted eddy current in a circular sheet. At first, magnitude and components of magnetic field intensity have been calculated and compared with experimental results taken from literature. After verifying of simulation results, the effects of sheet thickness on magnetic force magnitude and distribution have been investigated.
Inverse Kinematics with 3-Dimensational Tool Compensation for 5-Axis Machine Center of Tilting Rotary Table
Authors: Tung Chieh , Tso Pei Lum
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool radius compensation method for a 5-axis horizontal machine center with a tilting rotary table. The generalized expression is presented first to determine the cutting contact location for any type of milling tools. The spindle orientation solved from a closed form of the inverse kinematics is applied for generating the postprocessor, and a compensating procedure is implemented to verify the offset path.
Data Acquisition and Preparation Methods for Continuously Cast Billets Quality Analysis Software
Authors: Matsko I.I. , Snegirev Y.V. , Logunova Oxana
Published: October 2011

The aim of the research in progress is to enhance continuously cast billets images software analyzer (based on sulfur prints and template photos) data aquisition and preparation methods. Aquired sulfur prints images and templates photographs were evaluated according to statistical criteria. Raw data aquisition and preparation methods for continuously cast billets analysis software based on sulfur prints and templates photographs were developed in course of work. Conditions of aquiring templates sulfur prints and photographs were also evaluated
Recent Advances in Ultraprecision Diamond Turning of Non-Rotationally Symmetric Optical Surfaces
Authors: Liu Mei Chen , Lin Jie Qiong , Zhou Xiao Qin
Published: October 2011

Firstly, the superior performance and industrial application prospects of non-rotationally symmetric (NRS) optical surfaces are detailed. Secondly, those high precision machining processes to generate NRS optical surfaces are overviewed, it’s been stressed that fast tool servo (FTS) based diamond turning has been the most promising, cost-effective, and high precision machining process to generate NRS surfaces. Finally, the recent research progress in FTS based diamond turning of NRS optical surfaces is remarked, both the tool trajectory generation and the FTS actuation techniques are discussed, the limitations of the existing researches are disclosed, and then the academic and technological researches to be urgently carried out are suggested.
Forced Vibration Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joint
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with forced vibration behavior of adhesively bonded single-lap joint theoretically and experimentally. The finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to predict the natural frequencies and frequency response functions (FRFs) of the joint. The dynamic test software and the data acquisition hardware were used in experimental measurement of the dynamic response of the joint. It is shown that the natural frequencies of the joint from experiment are lower than those predicted using finite element analysis. It is also found that the measued FRFs are close to the predicted FRFs for the first two modes of vibration of the joint. Above the second mode of vibration, there is considerable discrepancy between the measured and predicted FRFs.
Cubic-Interpolated-Pseudo-Particle Method to Predict Dynamic Behaviour of Fluid in Shear Driven Cavity
Authors: Attarzadeh S.M.R. , Nor Azwadi C. S. , Haghbin F.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, Cubic Interpolated Pseudo Particle Method is proposed to investigate the dynamic behavior of fluid motion in shear lid-driven cavity. The CIP scheme is individually performed to observe the behavior of the fluid motion at varying Reynolds numbers of 100, 400 and 1000. Comparison of the achieved results with the experimental results approves the capability of CIP to establish the sophistication of fluid structure in the system. Although the achieved trajectory had slightly difference but it was almost following the same pattern published in the literatures. The most advantage of this method is that it aims to accelerate processing time as well as higher exponent of accuracy.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of CuO and WO3 Co-Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Yang Xin Sheng , Kim Hern
Published: October 2011

TiO2 nanotube was prepared by anodization method. CuO and WO3 were loaded by wet impregnation method. The microstructure, phase characteristic and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation performance were studied. The annealed samples were soaked in a mixture solution containing tungstic acid and Cu (NO3)2 and then post-annealed to fabricate Cu-loaded TiO2 nanotube. The obtained samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD and the photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation under UV illumination was measured and compared.
Immobilization of Nano-TiO2 on Expanded Perlite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Wang Xiao Zhi , Yong Wei Wei , Yin Wei Qin , Feng Ke , Guo Rong
Published: October 2011

Expanded perlite (EP) modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) with different loading times were prepared by Sol-Gel method. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of Rhodamine B (RhB) in polluted water by the materials (EP-nanoTiO2), as well as the effects of different loading times and the initial concentration of RhB on photocatalysis rate were examined. The catalytic activity of the regenerated photocatalyst was also tested. The results showed that photocatalyst modified three times with TiO2 had the highest catalytic activity. Degradation ratio of RhB by EP-nanoTiO2 (modified three times) under irradiation for 6 h were 98.0%, 75.6% and 63.2% for 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.The photocatalyst activity has little change after the five times recycling, and the degradation rate of RhB decreased less than 8%. The reaction of photocatalysis for RhB with irradiation time can be expressed as first-order kinetic mode within the initial concentration range of RhB between 10mg/L and 30 mg/L. EP-nanoTiO2 photocatalyst has a higher activity and stability to degrade RhB in aqueous solution.
Minimizing Total Weighted Tardiness on Parallel Batch-Processing Machine Scheduling Problems with Varying Machine Capacities
Authors: Chou Fuh Der , Wang Hui Mei
Published: October 2011

This paper extends the study of Mathirajan et al. (Minimizing total weighted tardiness on a batch-processing machine with non-agreeable release times and due dates. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2010, doi: 10.1007/s00170-009-2342-y) to parallel batch-processing machine problems because these have not been examined to date. For the problem concerning compatible product families, job release times, non-identical job sizes, and varying machine capacities, we propose a mixed integer programming (MIP) model, and a number of simple dispatch-based heuristic and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms. Computational results revealed that the proposed SA is capable of obtaining similar solutions acquired by MIP within a short time. The SA algorithms outperform other heuristic algorithms with respect to solution quality.
Total Quality Cost Reduction in Head Stack Assembling
Authors: Dansakuncharoenkit Wari , Thawesaengskulthai Damrong
Published: October 2011

The PAF model, which is one of techniques about the cost of quality (CoQ), has been introduced to the head stack assembly process in the hard disk drive industry. Purpose to measure the total CoQ in the current process and use it as a tool to identify problems related to quality costs in order to find improvement plans. The total CoQ has been calculated in the percentage of the cost of quality per the cost of finished goods. Cost elements that impacted to the total CoQ have been prioritized and analyzed by using the Fish Bone diagram and the FMEA tool to find the potential causes of problems. The improvement plans have been implemented in order to reduce the chance of occurrences and improve detection ability. The result on two head stack models showed that the total CoQ could be reduced from 1.45% to 1.36% or 6.21% of improvement on the model A and reduced from 1.11% to 1.08% or 2.70% of improvement on the model B. The optimum points between the total CoQ and the quality level are 1.32% and 99.32% on the model A and 1.07% and 98.95% on the model B.
Study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on Imbibition Mechanics of Conglomeratic Cores
Authors: Shen Rui , Hu Zhi Ming
Published: October 2011

In order to deeply study the imbibition mechanism of conglomerate reservoir, the law that fluid flows in different sizes of pores in the process of imbibition was researched by nuclear magnetic resonance. First, the conglomerate core was saturated by the simulated formation water, and then was saturated by polyfluoroethylene oil to form the irreducible water. During the experiment of imbibition, several time points were selected and the conglomerate core was tested by NMR. According to the relaxation time T2, pores were divided into large, middle and small three size ranges. As the imbibition time increases, the available rate of middle and small pores increase faster than large pores. The available rate of middle and small pores both exceed 50%, but the one of large pores is lower than 35%. The difference of mechanism between imbibition and waterflooding is explained by their NMR test results.
The Effect of Canard on Aerodynamics of Blended Wing Body
Authors: Zurriati M. Ali , Wahyu Kuntjoro , Wisnoe Wirachman , Rizal E.M Nasir
Published: October 2011

This paper describes the wind tunnel testing of a Blended Wing Body (BWB) with rectangular canards and twisted wing (Baseline II E2 configuration) developed in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The experiment work was carried out in UiTM low speed wind tunnel using 1:6 scaled model of BWB at Mach 0.1. The testing is conducted for canard’s deflection angle between 0° to +20. The results show by adding the canard surface to the BWB’s body, at 12 degree and higher angles of attack,α there will be a slight increment in lift. Maximum lift-to-drag ratio decreases with increasing canard surface deflection. Also, by adding the canard surface, the value of moment at zero lift,CM,0 is increased.
Parametric Study of an Ideal Rankine Cycle with a Reheat
Authors: Vosough Amir , Keshavarzi Samaneh
Published: October 2011

In this study, the energy and exergy analysis of an ideal Rankine cycle with reheat is presented. The percentage ratio of the exergy destruction to the total exergy destruction was found to be maximum in the boiler system 86.27% and then condenser and stack gas 13.73%. In addition, the calculated thermal efficiency was 38.39 % while the exergy efficiency of the power cycle was 45.85%. For improvement the power plant efficiency, parametric study has been done and the effect of boiler and reheat pressure and condenser pressure on the cycle efficiency calculated.
Numerical Investigation of Flow past a Wavy Airfoil
Authors: Lam K. , Lin Y.F. , Liu Y. , Zou L.
Published: October 2011

The effect of the wavy surface on the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil is studied using the large eddy simulations. A more gentle lift characteristic is obtained during stall. For angles of attack less than the baseline stall angle of a NACA0012 airfoil, a lift coefficient reduction was observed for the wavy airfoils, while the lift coefficient increases up to 23% greater than that of a NACA0012 airfoil when the angle of attack is larger than the baseline stall angle of the NACA0012 airfoil.
A New Knowledge Representation and Processing Method of Radar Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Du Shu Xing , Hu Wen Jing , Li Bao Mi
Published: October 2011

In order to solve the problem of complex faults of radar and bottleneck problem in the expert system, a fault diagnosis system based on hierarchical fault tree and a new method of knowledge storage for radar is developed. The radar faults are divided into subjective faults and objective faults through the analysis of knowledge for some types of radar faults. Aimed at objective faults, a knowledge base structure based on polychromatic sets theory is proposed, which solves the problems of inconvenient storage of fault tree and lacking unified mathematical model, puts forward the description method of knowledge base and realizes the intelligent knowledge reasoning. Aimed at subjective faults, a knowledge base structure based on the method of conventional production rule is founded. The system is verified using VC++6.0. The result shows that knowledge bases with different methods are built respectively according to different types of faults, which improves efficiency and accuracy of the location of faults, providing a new way on the research of radar fault diagnosis system.
The Influence of Different Turbulence Models on the FlowField Characteristics of an Aerospike Nozzle
Authors: Noori S. , Shahrokhi A.
Published: October 2011

To improve the calculation of the flow properties of an aerospike nozzle, different turbulent models are studied in this research. The primary shape of the nozzle and the plug is determined through utilizing an approximate method. The flow field is then simulated using Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flow. The computational methodology utilizes steady state density-based formulation and a finite volume cell centered scheme to discretize the flow field equations. To accelerate the solution convergence, the flow field is divided into several zones. Each zone is facilitated with proper unstructured grid and appropriate initial conditions are implemented to each zone. The accuracy and the robustness of wall function based turbulence models i.e. standard and RNG k-ε models are compared with those of Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) and k-ω turbulence models.
Satellite Fault Detection and Isolation through Decoupling Parity Space
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Yan Jun , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: October 2011

In order to detect and isolate orbiting satellite actuator faults, a decoupling parity space method was extended. The decoupling parity vector was obtained using this method by singular value decomposition. Sometimes this vector may not exist, then by singular value substitution or generalized Eigen value method was used for solving the optimal approximation. The vector can easily make satellite actuator fault detected and isolated. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
An Evaluation of Model Ship Total Resistance by Measured and Different Methods
Authors: Thwe Kay , Gao Gao
Published: October 2011

Prediction of total hull resistance has been investigated for many decades and it is still a challenging problem for naval architect. In this paper, the total resistance of round bilge monohull Model 100A is predicted by potential flow solver, Shipflow by Flowtech International AB, the commercial Reynold Average Navier Stroke (RANS) solver Fluent by Fluent, Inc., and analytical prediction by Slender Body Method (SBM). The total resistance was predicted by each code for the different model speeds (0.6m/s to 4.5m/s) and compared with experimental test data. The Fluent predictions were found to be in agreement with the experimental data in lower speed (0.6m/s to 2.5m/s). Shipflow results were more closed to experimental results than Fluent. Comparisons between the different solution methods were also discussed with the particular grid generation methods and numerical solution techniques. It is found that Slender Body Method can solve as easy and simple and it is effective to predict total resistance of thin ship monohull.
Investigation of Hand Worn Jewellery Effects on the Specific Absorption Rate in the Human Head and Hand
Authors: Tariqul Mohammad Islam , Hafizah Zainool Abidin , Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque , Norbahiah Misran
Published: October 2011

The presence of hand could alter the energy absorbed in the human head. Hence, a study of the interaction between mobile device antennas and human head in the presence of metallic hand worn jewellery on human hand with different holding ways is investigated. A finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method has been performed by considering an internal PIFA antenna as the radiating source mounted at the top of a commercial clamshell phone positioned nearer the ear. With the introduction of hand-worn jewellery in variation parameters, there were perceptible effects on SAR variation in the human head. SAR distribution in the SAM head was found decreases due to different hand positions. Therefore, the head and in particular the hand may further impairment radiation performance of a mobile device.
A Cost-Effective Hardware Approach for Measuring Power Consumption of Modern Multi-Core Processors
Authors: Chen Kuo Yi , Chen Fuh Gwo , Chen Jr Shian
Published: October 2011

Multiple processor cores are built within a chip by advanced VLSI technology. With the decreasing prices, multi-core processors are widely deployed in both server and desktop systems. The workload of multi-threaded applications could be separated to different cores by multiple threads, such that application threads can run concurrently to maximize overall execution speed of the applications. Moreover, for the green trend of computing nowadays, most of modern multi-core processors have a functionality of dynamic frequency turning. The power-level tuning techniques are based on Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). In order to evaluate the performance of various power-saving approaches, an appropriate technique to measure the power consumption of multi-core processors is important. However, most of approaches estimate CPU power consumption only from CMOS power consumption data and CPU frequency. These approaches only estimate the dynamic power consumption of multi-core processors, the static power consumption is not be included. In this study, a hardware approach for the power consumption measurement of multi-core processors is proposed. Thus the power consumption of a CPU could be measured precisely, and the performance of CPU power-saving approaches can be evaluated well.
Accurate Calculation of the Natural Frequencies of Reticulated and Solid Cylindrical Composite Shells
Authors: Hashemian Amir H. , Kargarnovin Mohammad Hossein , Jam Jafar E.
Published: October 2011

There are hundreds models of reticulated structures including the squared reticulated cylindrical shells. It is considered as comprising of a number of circumferential and longitudinal rods. Analytical governing equation for natural frequencies has been derived for this type of structures and to verify the validity of solutions, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used. The comparison of results demonstrate close agreement between analytical and FE solutions. Also a comparison is preformed between a reticulated and equivalent solid hollow cylinder shell. The equivalent solid hollow cylinder has equal weight, length and outer diameter with the squared reticulated cylindrical shell. This comparison shows that the natural frequencies of squared reticulated shells are lower than the hollow solid cylinders.
The Tribological Study of a Quinazolin-4-Ones Derivative as Additive in Liquid Paraffin
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Zhang M.
Published: October 2011

Novel heterocyclic derivative of 3-(N-n-dodecylammonium) quinazolin-4-ones was synthesized and its tribological performance when added to liquid paraffin as an ashless additve without phosphorus and sulphur was evaluated using a four-ball tester. On the basis of the experimental results, the novel additive has been found to be quite effective as a potential additive in liquid paraffin. The nature of the film on the rubbed surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Study on Shear-Mode of Piezoelectric Patch/Complete Layer in Smart Laminated Shell Panels
Authors: Daneshmehr Alireza R. , Fakhar A. Mohammadi , Nateghi A.R.
Published: October 2011

Finite element solution is presented for finitely long, simply-supported, orthotropic, piezoelectric shell panel under pressure and electrostatic excitation. The influence of the piezoelectric layers on the mechanical behavior of structures is studied. The direct piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material in ordinary (normal) and shear mode application are investigated. Numerical examples are presented for [0/90/P] laminations, where P indicates the piezoelectric layer. Piezoelectric layer can be completed or patch form. Finally the results are compared together and the shear mode advantages are discussed.
Some Anomalies in the Experimental Results of EDM
Authors: Bhiksha Gugulothu , Buschaiah K.
Published: October 2011

In electro discharge machining (EDM) the metal removal occurs from the erosive effects of high frequency sparks. Consequently the erosion rate depends on spark energy sparking frequency and the factors affecting them. However the experimental results are highly random and sometimes unexpected. Material erosion rate and surface roughness were analysed for the effect of important factors like pulse parameters (voltage current, ontime and offtime), polarity and work material. Taguchi method of experiment planning with orthogonal arrays was adopted to analyse the anomalies observed in the experimental results.
CdS-Intercalated Bentonite: A Novel Sulfide Ion Selective Electrode
Authors: Udomphan Kemawadee , Wongchaisuwat Atchana , Meesuk Ladda
Published: October 2011

CdS-intercalated bentonite was prepared by an in situ solid-solid reaction and mixed with artificial graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in an appropriate ratio to construct a novel, potentiometric sulfide ion selective electrode. Apart from its good selectivity, the electrode is low cost and good precision.
Design and Implementation of an Efficient Biomass Drier System for a Wood Gasification Based Power Plant
Authors: Ashlesh Kumar , Vadera Rohit , Ramachandra K.
Published: October 2011

The use of woody biomass gasification based power plants to generate electricity is on the rise with the fast depletion of fossil fuels and ever increasing energy demands. An important sub-system of such a plant is the drier which is used to reduce the moisture content of biomass to an optimum level for trouble free and optimum performance of the gasification system. This work concerns with the design, development and implementation of a drier system which utilizes waste heat available from the power plant to dry biomass. The drier designed is simple yet effective in capturing the waste heat from the engine exhaust as well as the radiator hot air. The drier is also easy to implement in rural areas.
Effects of Assembly Pressure on the Gas Diffusion Layer and Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Chang Hao Ming , Chang Min Hsing
Published: October 2011

Assembly pressure plays an important role in the factors affecting the performance of a PEM fuel cell. An insufficient clamping pressure may cause large contact resistance and thus lower the cell performance. On the other hand, over-clamping may reduce the porosity and permeability of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and also result in poor cell performance. Therefore, it is very important to determine the proper assembly pressure for obtaining optimal performance. In this study, we design a special test fixture to evaluate the effect of assembly pressure on the performance of a PEM fuel cell. Without disassembling the fuel cell, the clamping pressure can be adjusted in situ to measure the cell performance directly and precisely. The unique single cell design eliminates the influence of gasket around the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and makes it possible to estimate the compression effect of GDL independently. Three different types of carbon paper are used in the experiments as the GDLs. The variations of water contact angle, gas permeability, and in-plane electrical resistivity with the assembly pressure are also measured to explore the effects of assembly pressure on these physical properties. The results show that an optimal assembly pressure is always observed in each case, indicating an adequate compression on GDL is quite necessary for fuel cells.
Characteristics of Shock Initiation of Single-Shell and Double-Shell Casing Charges
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Qing Ming , He Yuan Hang , Zhai Zhe
Published: October 2011

According to different type tactical missile warhead, structure of which was equivalent to charges covered by single-shell or double-shell. The shock initiation response of cast TNT charges, covered by single-shell and double-shell casing impacted by hypervelocity fragment was investigated using non-linear dynamics software AUTODYN. Results shows that in hypervelocity impact conditions, the first layer of double-shell charge imposed severe breaking effect to fragment and generated debris clouds, then the surface impulse density of fragment to rear shell reduces significantly. When impacted by same mass, shape, velocity projectile, deflagration will occur for single shell charges, however, no deflagration can be observed for double shell charges with the same thickness.
JIT Quality Control System Design Based on Simultaneous Engineering
Authors: Yang Yin Ying , Xu Zi Qi
Published: October 2011

The thesis based on a car engine plant, analyzing the promotion for the introduction of JIT quality control system. Compare the Simultaneous engineering method with traditional JIT quality control method in terms of quality control. Analysis shows that the accumulate material waste ratio during the production process has decreased significantly by using the Simultaneous engineering method.Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)
Design of Gas Injection Unit in an Iranian Onshore Oil Field Development Project
Authors: Koosha Abutaleb , Mogadam M.Reza , Fard M.Mesam Abutorabi
Published: October 2011

In an Iranian oilfield development which is under construction nowadays, it is decided to inject the separated gas in the reservoir Instead of flaring it. For this reason the injection pressure is calculated about 520 bars. The maximum rate of injection will be 280 millions cubic feet per day (330 363.215 cubic meter/hour). This gas should be injected in the reservoir to increase its pressure but the most important thing here is the injection compressor configuration. 3 units has been considered to compress the gas and each unit had 100 MMSCFD capacity. For increasing the gas pressure two compression units are foreseen: flash unit and injection unit. In flash gas unit the pressure will increase from 6 bars to 75 bars and in injection unit from 75 bars to 525 bars. But the gas which is upgraded in the flash unit should be dehydrated in dehydration package before entering to the injection unit. Due to the high flow rate of injection and other reasons which are discussed in this paper, the compressors are selected from centrifugal types. It is shown that in both flash and injection units, the compressors should be considered multistage. By the injection of associated gas instead of flaring it, the environment can be prevented from pollution and the reservoir pressure always will be maintained in a desired level. (Abstract)
Hybrid Reconfigurable PC Add-on Card for Parallel Image Processing
Authors: Ravi Aadithya , Moorthy Easwara E.A. , Vidya D. , Kumar G.Mahesh
Published: October 2011

Specific hardware solutions are always faster than programmable architectures. But dedicated architectures have the inherent disadvantage of inflexibility. Changes in the algorithm or extensions of the application are handled easily by programmable architectures. The approach discussed here involves a hardware-software co-design to optimize on performance and programmability. The architecture houses two SHARC processors to aid in parallelizing the image processing algorithms, and a reconfigurable FPGA which may be configured on the fly to execute any of the real-time algorithms as desired. The functional memory would consist of pre-designs (FPGA based) of certain objects, each of which could be used to configure an FPGA to perform a particular function.
A HDR-Based Multiple Post Process Effects Rendering Method
Authors: Ding Guo Fang , Chen Lei Ting , Zhao Wei , Zhang Jian Zhong , Yu Ya Li
Published: October 2011

The paper analyzes HDR technologies and its applications in post process effects, refers to a new method to combine the post process effects and rendering them into the 3D scene at the same time, the method combine the post process effects in chain. And we implement this method through experiment. In contrast to the traditional method, experimental results show that the new method can build a more complex and realistic post process effect in 3D scene.
Autogeneration of Fuzzy Logic Rule-Base Controllers
Authors: Abdalla M. O. , Al–Jarrah T.A.
Published: October 2011

A novel Fuzzy Logic controller design methodology is presented. The method utilizes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) binary search algorithm to generate the rules for the Fuzzy Logic controller rule-base stage without human experience intervention. The proposed technique is compared with the well established Lyapunov based Fuzzy Logic controller design in generating the rules. Finally, the controller’s effectiveness and performance are tested, verified and validated using an elevator control application. The novel controller’s results are to be compared with traditional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and classical Fuzzy Logic (FL) controllers.
Study on Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Based on China Digital Human Project
Authors: Wei Gao Feng , Tian Feng , Wang Cheng Tao
Published: October 2011

Modeling and simulating of human musculoskeletal system is an important and challenging problem. This paper is aimed to build a computational platform to conquer this problem based on the China digital human project. First the 3D anatomical models of human musculoskeletal system were reconstructed and integrated. Second, the finite element models of human skeleton system were built. In the end, a computational platform, which integrated the models and six related analysis modules, was developed to model and simulate human musculoskeletal system. A case study of subject’s gait was implemented to demonstrate that this computational platform had potential in research of human musculoskeletal biomechanics.
Novel MPPT Control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System for Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Tiang Tow Leong , Ishak Dahaman
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a novel sensorless maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy for capturing the maximum energy from the fluctuating wind speed that being used in the stand-alone small scale variable speed wind turbine generator system (VSWTGS). The generated electricity from the wind turbine systems is used to charge battery energy storage. The whole system including the wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), power converter, filter and lead acid battery has been simulated in Matlab/SimPowerSystem simulation software. The MPPT controller is developed to function as a wind speed estimator to generate an appropriate duty cycle for controlling power MOSFET switch in of the boost converter in order to capture maximum power in variable wind speed. From the simulation results, the power converters and filters are showing good performance in charging the lead acid battery. Besides, the novel MPPT controller is capable of extracting the maximum power from the fluctuating wind speed and exhibits good performance in both steady state and transient condition.
Controlling a Robot Arm by Thai Voice Commands
Authors: Pornpanomchai Chomtip , Sukklay Phichate
Published: October 2011

The objective of this research is to control a robot arm by using Thai voice commands. (CRATVC) The research was conducted by speaking a user’s voice commands to a computer, and then the computer system converted the voice commands into digital signal. Finally, a robot arm is operated based on the Thai voice digital signal. The experiment was conducted on the robot arm with six Thai voice commands, which were: 1) gripper opened, 2) gripper closed, 3) arm up, 4) arm down, 5) turn right, and 6) turn left. The experimental precisions are 91.67%, 89.17% and 65.83% in a quiet room, an office room and a noisy room, respectively.
A Renewable Amperometric Immunosensor for hs-CRP Based on Functionalized Fe3O4@Au Magnetic Nanoparticles Attracted on Fe (III) Phthlocyanine/Chitosan-Membrane Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode by a Magnet
Authors: Gan Ning , Meng Ling Hua , Hu Fu Tao , Cao Yu Ting , Wu Yuan Zhao , Jia Li Yong , Zheng Lei
Published: October 2011

A novel disposable screen-printed immunosensor for rapid determination of highly sensitive C reactiveprotein (hs-CRP) in human serum has been developed in the experiment. The sensor was constructed on one screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with HRP labeled anti-hs-CRP antibody functionalized Fe3O4@Au magnetic nanoparticles (HRP labeled anti hs-CRP/ Fe3O4@Au) as the biorecognition probes attracted on the surface of Fe (III) phthalocyanine (FePc)/ chitosan membrane modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE|FePc/Chit/chitosan) by external magnetic field. FePc was acted as electron immediate. The modified electrode shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity for hs-CRP in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.0). After the immunosensor is incubated with hs-CRP antigen solution at 37°C for 20 min, the access of activity center of the HRP to electrode is partly inhibited, which leads to a linear decrease of the catalytic efficiency of the HRP to the reduction of immobilized FePc by H2O2 at –50 mV in hs-CRP’s concentration ranges from 1.2 to 200 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.5ng/mL. The immunosensor was successfully utilized for determination of hs-CRP in real serum samples of heart disease patients, whose results were consistent with that by ELISA method. The accuracy and precision of the assay were 91.5-104.4% and 15.8-24.4%, respectively. The immunosensor was reusable once constructed and can be regenerated by adding new nanoprobes on the surface of basal electrode through magnet on its bottom. It can greatly reduce the detection cost which is valuable for the early diagnosis of tumors.
Modeling and Simulation of Turbogenerator Using Computational Intelligence
Authors: Hayati Mohsen , Darabi Kaveh
Published: October 2011

In this paper, modeling and simulation of Turbogenerators has been presented using artificial neural networks. The training and testing of neural network was done by MATLAB 6.5.1 software in order to find the optimum values of weights and biases. To find the optimal neural structure, training of several structures with two layers and three layers with different number of neurons in each layer has been done. Moreover, the neural network qualified with the least amount of error was presented along with their related charts.
Thermo-Elastic Design of Flexure for Spaceborn Opto-Mechanical Payloads
Authors: Patel Naimesh , Rami J.B. , Vora A.P. , Dewan C.P. , Subrahmanyam D.
Published: October 2011

Spaceborn optical payload consists of optical elements supported by mechanical structure in desired orientation. Mechanical structure made up of various dissimilar materials like aluminum & invar possess dissimilar thermo-elastic behavior. Opto-mechanical assembly subjected to temperature change will results to change in optical element orientation which ultimately leads to change in optical parameters like registration. This is mainly due to dissimilar materials subjected to temperature variation will result to structural distortion. Use of dissimilar materials in an Opto- mechanical payload affects the angular stability of optical element due to temperature variation and results to change in optical element orientation. Flexure is required to be introduced within the opto-mechanical system having dissimilar materials to accommodate differential thermal expansion due to temperature variation and to maintain the registration. This paper explains, stability in dichroic element orientation of an opto-mechanical payload having dissimilar material & flexure design to maintain the orientation in opto-mechanical payload subjected to temperature variation without deterioration of fundamental frequency. It also explains theoretical thermo-elastic analysis and experimental test for validation of design, static and dynamic structural analysis like frequency response analysis to check the flexure survivability for vibration load.
Engine Rotational Dynamics Calculation with Stroke Identification for Scooter Engine Using FPGA
Authors: Wu Yuh Yih , Chen Bo Chiuan , Tsai Hsien Chi , Wang Yu Chuan
Published: October 2011

Engine rotational dynamics can be estimated from the tooth signals of the crankshaft wheel. The accuracy of the calculation rises when the number of tooth increases. However, the engine control unit (ECU) needs to detect the tooth position and converts it into time information. It will overload the interrupt system. In order to overcome this problem, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed to implement the engine rotational dynamics calculation with stroke identification algorithm. The FPGA can accelerate the interpolation and the multiplication processes by implementing them in parallel computation. Thus, the proposed method can calculate the engine rotational dynamics in real time, and then the calculation results can be transferred into the robust Kalman filter which was established by Matlab/Simulink in a computer, i.e., a simulated ECU. Finally, a 125cc scooter is utilized to verify the proposed algorithm. The test results show that the proposed method can be used to obtain precise information of engine rotational dynamics.
Chemical Bonding in Photocatalytic Niobates and Tantalates
Authors: Atuchin V.V. , Pervukhina N.V. , Zhang Zhao Ming
Published: October 2011

Chemical bonding effects have been discussed for anhydrous niobates and tantalates using binding energy differences ΔNb = (BE O 1s – BE Nb 3d5/2) and ΔTa = (BE O 1s – BE Ta 4f7/2) as key parameters to relate structural and electronic properties of these dielectric oxides. Such known photocatalytic materials as K4Nb6O17, Sr2Nb2O7, Ta2O5, LiTaO3, NaTaO3, NaTa2O6 and Sr2Ta2O7 are considered in particular.
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Sensor Platform Based on Graphical Monitoring and Control
Authors: Shyr Wen Jye , Lin Chia Ming
Published: October 2011

This work examines the development and implementation of an integrated sensor platform based on graphical monitoring and control. This work focuses mainly on determining the state of different switch sensors and to display the sensor state results on the platform using graphical monitoring and control technology. This platform integrates graphical monitoring and control technology with four different switch sensor devices. Via this platform, students can determine the characteristics, function, and application of different switch sensors and learn to use graphical monitoring and control technology. Students then learn, verify, and realize lecture concepts by performing different sensor experiments in the laboratory via this novel platform.
Novel Materials as Interlayer Low-K Dielectrics for CMOS Interconnect Applications
Authors: Naik Tejas R. , Naik Veena R. , Sarwade Nisha P.
Published: October 2011

Scaling down the integrated circuits has resulted in the arousal of number of problems like interaction between interconnect, crosstalk, time delay etc. These problems can be overcome by new designs and by use of corresponding novel materials, which may be a solution to these problems. In the present paper we try to put forward very recent development in the use of novel materials as interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) having low dielectric constant (k) for CMOS interconnects. The materials presented here are porous and hybrid organo-inorganic new generation interlayer dielectric materials possessing low dielectric constant and better processing properties.
Electrical and Magnetic Properties of (BiLi)1/2(FeV)1/2O3
Authors: Barik Subrat K. , Bera Sudipta K.
Published: October 2011

The polycrystalline sample of (BiLi) 1/2 (FeV) 1/2O3 was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. A preliminary X-ray structural analysis exhibited the formation of single-phase compound with an orthorhombic structure. Detailed studies of electrical properties of the compound, investigated in a wide frequency range (1kHz-1MHz) at different temperatures by complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) technique, showed that these properties of the material are strongly dependent on frequency and temperature. Ac conductivity is found to obey the Johnscher’s law. The M-H curve shows the presence of ferromagnetism in the studied compound.
Analytical Threshold Voltage Models for Strained Si/Strained Si1-xGex/Relaxd Si1-yGey PMOSFET
Authors: Qin Shan Shan , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong , Wang Xiao Yan , Wang Guan Yu
Published: October 2011

Threshold voltage models for both buried channel and surface channel for the dual-channel strained Si/strained Si1-xGex/relaxd Si1-yGey(s-Si/s-SiGe/Si1-yGey) p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET) are presented in this paper. And the maximum allowed thickness of s-Si is given, which can ensure that the strong inversion appears earlier in the buried channel (compressive strained SiGe) than in the surface channel, because the hole mobility in the buried channel is higher than that the surface channel. They offer a good accuracy as compared with the results of device simulator ISE.
A High Efficiency CMOS Power Amplfieir with a Diode Linearizer and Voltage Combining Transformers
Authors: Kim Ki Jin , Lim Tae Ho , Park S.H. , Ahn K. H.
Published: October 2011

This paper proposes a high efficiency power amplifier with a diode linearizer and voltage combining transformers in a standard 0.13-μm TSMC CMOS technology. The 3-D simulated transformer adopts multi-finger architecture which provides low insertion loss and allows high current capacity on the transformer. With the 4 differentially cascaded connected multi-finger transformers, the amplifier delivers more than 1W output power under 1.8 V supply condition. To enhance linearity of the power amplifier, the diode configuration bias circuit is used in this paper. With all integration of transformers, balun, diode bias circuits and same 4 diff-amps, the prototype Class AB Power Amplifier shows 32dBm saturation power at 2.4 GHz. Due to the diode linearizer the output P1dB is 30.8 dBm with 28 % Power Added Efficiency.