bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vergleich der CPT‐basierten direkten Berechnungsverfahren nach EA‐Pfähle und ICP‐05 für Fertigrammpfähle
Authors: Becker Patrick , Lüking Jan
Published: December 2016

Anhand der vorliegenden Datenbanken der EA‐Pfähle mit einer Gesamtanzahl von mehr als 1 000 Probebelastungsergebnissen wird exemplarisch für zwei ausgewählte Fertigrammpfahlarten die Anwendung von sogenannten halbempirischen direkten CPT‐Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Pfahlwiderstands untersucht. Der Vergleich der Pfahltragfähigkeit des britischen Verfahrens ICP‐05 mit den Verfahren der EA‐Pfähle für Stahlrohrrammpfähle (offen und geschlossen) und Fertigrammpfähle aus Stahlbeton führt zu deutlichen Unterschieden in der Bemessung. Bei einer Öffnung der nationalen Normen und Regelwerke für internationale Berechnungsverfahren fehlen somit Bewertungsmöglichkeiten zur Anwendung, insbesondere zur Einschätzung des Sicherheitsniveaus dieser Berechnungs verfahren.

Basierend auf den Erfahrungswerten für die Pfahlwiderstände nach EA‐Pfähle wird in diesem Beitrag das ICP‐05‐Verfahren für ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsniveau mit 10 %‐ und 50 %‐Quantilen kalibriert. Die Anpassungsfaktoren sind für beide Quantilbereiche und für die vorgenannten Pfahlsysteme in Abhängigkeit vom Spitzenwiderstand der Drucksonde und Pfahldurchmesser formuliert worden.
Producing desulfurized biogas through removal of sulfate in the first‐stage of a two‐stage anaerobic digestion
Authors: Yun Yeo‐Myeong , Sung Shihwu , Shin Hang‐Sik , Han Jong‐In , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Dong‐Hoon
Published: December 2016

In the present work, a two‐stage anaerobic digestion system (TSADS) was newly designed to produce biogas with a greatly reduced H2S content. The role of first (sulfidogenic)‐stage digester was not only acidogenesis but also sulfidogenesis (sulfate reduction to H2S), which would minimize the input of H2S‐producing source in the followed second (methanogenic)‐stage digester. For the coexistence of acidogens and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sulfidogenic‐stage digester, it was found that pH played a crucial role. The acidogenic activity was not affected within a pH range of 4.5–6.0, while it was important to maintain a pH at 5.5 to achieve a sulfate removal efficiency over 70%. The highest sulfate removal attained was 78% at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 h at pH 5.5 ± 0.1. The H2S content in the biogas produced in the conventional single‐stage digester (SSAD), used as a control, reached 1,650 ± 25 ppmv. In contrast, the biogas produced in the methanogenic‐stage digester of the developed process had an H2S content of 200 ± 15 ppmv. Microbial analysis, done by the next generation sequencing technique, clearly showed the changes in community under different operating conditions. Desulfovibrio bastinii (4.9%) played a key role in sulfate removal in the sulfidogenic‐stage of the TSADS owing to its characteristics of a short doubling time and growth in an acidic environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 970–979. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knockout of a difficult‐to‐remove CHO host cell protein, lipoprotein lipase, for improved polysorbate stability in monoclonal antibody formulations
Authors: Chiu Josephine , Valente Kristin N. , Levy Nicholas E. , Min Lie , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: December 2016

While the majority of host cell protein (HCP) impurities are effectively removed in typical downstream purification processes, a small population of HCPs are particularly challenging. Previous studies have identified HCPs that are challenging for a variety of reasons. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)—a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) HCP that functions to hydrolyze esters in triglycerides—was one of ten HCPs identified in previous studies as being susceptible to retention in downstream processing. LPL may degrade polysorbate 80 (PS‐80) and polysorbate 20 (PS‐20) in final product formulations due to the structural similarity between polysorbates and triglycerides. In this work, recombinant LPL was found to have enzymatic activity against PS‐80 and PS‐20 in a range of solution conditions that are typical of mAb formulations. LPL knockout CHO cells were created with CRISPR and TALEN technologies and resulting cell culture harvest fluid demonstrated significantly reduced polysorbate degradation without significant impact on cell viability when compared to wild‐type samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1006–1015. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Mode of Action of Essential Oils against Paenibacillus larvae, Etiological Agent of American Foulbrood on Apis mellifera
Authors: Pellegrini María C. , Alonso‐Salces Rosa M. , Umpierrez María L. , Rossini Carmen , Fuselli Sandra R.
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of Aloysia polystachia, Acantholippia seriphioides, Schinus molle, Solidago chilensis, Lippia turbinata, Minthostachys mollis, Buddleja globosa, and Baccharis latifolia essential oils (EOs), and to evaluate their antibacterial activities and their capacity to provoke membrane disruption in Paenibacillus larvae, the bacteria that causes the American Foulbrood (AFB) disease on honey bee larvae. The relationship between the composition of the EOs and these activities on P. larvae was also analyzed. Monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds in all EOs. All EOs showed antimicrobial activity against P. larvae and disrupted the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of P. larvae provoking the leakage of cytoplasmic constituents (with the exception of B. latifolia EO). While, the EOs’ antimicrobial activity was correlated most strongly to the content of pulegone, carvone, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, δ‐cadinene, camphene, terpinen‐4‐ol, elemol, β‐pinene, β‐elemene, γ‐cadinene, α‐terpineol, and bornyl acetate; the volatiles that better explained the membrane disruption were carvone, limonene, cis‐carvone oxide, pentadecane, trans‐carvyl acetate, trans‐carvone oxide, trans‐limonene oxide, artemisia ketone, trans‐carveol, thymol, and γ‐terpinene (positively correlated) and biciclogermacrene, δ‐2‐carene, verbenol, α‐pinene, and α‐thujene (negatively correlated). The studied EOs are proposed as natural alternative means of control for the AFB disease.
Polar Constituents, Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activity of Marsh Woundwort (Stachys palustris L.)
Authors: Venditti Alessandro , Frezza Claudio , Bianco Armandodoriano , Serafini Mauro , Cianfaglione Kevin , Nagy David U. , Iannarelli Romilde , Caprioli Giovanni , Maggi Filippo
Published: December 2016

Stachys palustris, well‐known as marsh woundwort, is a perennial herb growing in wet environments of Europe. Its tubers, leaves and seeds are eaten raw or cooked. Alike other Stachys species, the plant is also used as a traditional remedy. Despite S. palustris has been consumed for centuries, little is known about its chemical constituents. In this work the main secondary metabolites of S. palustris from Hungary and France have been analysed. From the plant ethanolic extracts, ethanoid glucosides, isoscutellarein derivatives, caffeoyl‐quinic acids and iridoids have been isolated and structurally characterized by NMR. The essential oils were analysed by GC/MS and showed (E)‐phytol, fatty acids and carbonylic compounds as the most abundant compounds. The radical scavenging capacity of plant ethanolic extracts, as evaluated by the DPPH assay, was noteworthy, with IC50 values of 92.08 – 105.42 μg/ml.
Variations in Chemical Composition, Vasorelaxant and Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Seseli pallasii Besser (Apiaceae)
Authors: Suručić Relja , Kundaković Tatjana , Lakušić Branislava , Drakul Dragana , Milovanović Slobodan R. , Kovačević Nada
Published: December 2016

The present paper describes environmental and seasonal‐related chemical composition variations, vasorelaxant and angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) activities of essential oil from aerial parts of Seseli pallasii Besser. The composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant chemical class with α‐pinene (42.7 – 48.2%) as the most prevalent component. Seseli pallasi essential oil relaxed isolated endothelium‐intact mesenteric arteries rings precontracted with phenylephrine with IC50 = 3.10 nl/ml (IC50 = 2.70 μg/ml). Also, S. pallasii essential oil was found to exhibit a dose‐dependent ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.33 mg/ml. In silico evaluation of ACE inhibitory activity of the individual components showed that spathulenol exhibited the best binding affinity with ACE, and the lowest binding energy of −7.5 kcal/mol. The results suggested that combination of vasorelaxing and ACE inhibitory effects of the analyzed S. pallasii essential oil might have the potential therapeutic significance in hypertension.
Impact of Dysfunctional Career Thoughts on Career Decision Self‐Efficacy and Vocational Identity
Authors: Jo Hang , Ra Young‐An , Lee Juyoung , Kim Won Ho
Published: December 2016

This study examined the mediating role of dysfunctional career thoughts in the relationship between career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE) and vocational identity (VI). For this purpose, the data were collected from 446 Korean college students. The authors used the Hayes () PROCESS tool to analyze the data. The results showed that CDSE positively correlated with VI, whereas all 3 types of dysfunctional career thoughts negatively correlated with CDSE and VI. The results also indicated that all 3 subscales of dysfunctional career thoughts partially mediate the association between CDSE and VI. We provide implications and limitations of the findings.
Counselor Education Doctoral Students' Experiences With Multiple Roles and Relationships
Authors: Dickens Kristen N. , Ebrahim Christine H. , Herlihy Barbara
Published: December 2016

Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore 10 counselor education doctoral students' lived experiences with multiple roles and relationships. Four superordinate themes were found: power differential, need for education, transformation, and learning from experiences. Findings revealed that multiple roles and relationships offer doctoral students positive and negative experiences, shaping their development as future counselor educators.
Investigating Supervisory Relationships and Therapeutic Alliances Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: DePue Mary Kristina , Lambie Glenn W. , Liu Ren , Gonzalez Jessica
Published: December 2016

The authors used structural equation modeling to examine the contribution of supervisees' supervisory relationship levels to therapeutic alliance (TA) scores with their clients in practicum. Results showed that supervisory relationship scores positively contributed to the TA. Client and counselor ratings of the TA also differed.
Comment on “The Quadruple Bonding in C2 Reproduces the Properties of the Molecule”
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Hermann Markus
Published: December 2016

Not the number of bonds but the strength of the total σ bonding in C2, which is suggested by several groups to be much weaker than in acetylene, is at the core of the controversy.
Alcohol‐Enhanced Cu‐Mediated Radiofluorination
Authors: Zischler Johannes , Kolks Niklas , Modemann Daniel , Neumaier Bernd , Zlatopolskiy Boris D.
Published: December 2016

The potential of many 18F‐labeled (hetero)aromatics for applications in positron emission tomography remains underexplored because convenient procedures for their radiosynthesis are lacking. Consequently, simple methods to prepare radiofluorinated (hetero)arenes are highly sought after. Herein, we report the beneficial effect of primary and secondary alcohols on Cu‐mediated 18F‐labeling. This observation contradicts the assumption that such alcohols are inappropriate solvents for aromatic fluorination. Therefore, we developed a protocol for rapid radiolabeling of an extraordinarily broad scope of boronic and stannyl substrates under general reaction conditions. Notably, radiofluorinated indoles, phenols, and anilines were synthesized directly from the corresponding unprotected precursors. Furthermore, the novel method enabled the preparation of radiofluorinated tryptophans, [18F]F‐DPA, [18F]DAA1106, 6‐[18F]FDA, and 6‐[18F]FDOPA.
Organometallic Fe–Fe Interactions: Beyond Common Metal–Metal Bonds and Inverse Mixed‐Valent Charge Transfer
Authors: Ringenberg Mark R. , Schwilk Max , Wittkamp Florian , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

The compounds [Fe(CO)3(dRpf)]n+, n=0, 1, 2 and dRpf=1,1′‐bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene ([1]n+) or 1,1′‐bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene ([2]n+), were obtained as two‐step reversible redox systems by photolytic and redox reactions. The iron–iron distance decreases from about 4 Å to about 3 Å on oxidation, which takes place primarily at the tricarbonyliron moiety. Whereas ferrocene oxidation is calculated to occur only in excited states, the near infrared absorptions of the mixed‐valent monocations are due to an unprecedented “inverse” inter‐valence charge transfer from the electron‐rich iron(II) in the ferrocene backbone to the electron‐deficient tricarbonyliron(I). Protonation of complex 1 results in the formation of the structurally characterized hydride [1H]BF4, which reacts with acetone to form the dication, 12+, and isopropanol. While the hydride [2H]BF4 was found to be unstable, protonation of 2 in acetone resulted in the clean formation of 22+, formally a hydrogen transfer.
Combinatorial optimization of DNA sequence analysis on heterogeneous systems
Authors: Memeti Suejb , Pllana Sabri
Published: December 2016

Analysis of DNA sequences is a data and computational intensive problem, and therefore, it requires suitable parallel computing resources and algorithms. In this paper, we describe our parallel algorithm for DNA sequence analysis that determines how many times a pattern appears in the DNA sequence. The algorithm is engineered for heterogeneous platforms that comprise a host with multi‐core processors and one or more many‐core devices. For combinatorial optimization, we use the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimization goal is to determine the number of threads, thread affinities, and DNA sequence fractions for host and device, such that the overall execution time of DNA sequence analysis is minimized. We evaluate our approach experimentally using real‐world DNA sequences of various organisms on a heterogeneous platform that comprises two Intel Xeon E5 processors and an Intel Xeon Phi 7120P co‐processing device. By running only about 5% of possible experiments, our optimization method finds a near‐optimal system configuration for DNA sequence analysis that yields with average speedup of 1.6 ×  and 2 ×  compared with the host‐only and device‐only execution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bandwidth extension, linearity enhancement, and cost reduction techniques for continuous‐time channel‐select filters
Authors: Mojarad Mortaza , Kamarei Mahmoud
Published: December 2016

Achieving a wide bandwidth in a conventional active‐RC filter requires large power consumption and is often accompanied by significant performance degradation. In this paper, a new structure to implement active‐RC continuous‐time filters and also a new frequency compensation scheme for the operational amplifiers that are the main building blocks of active‐RC filters are proposed. Exploiting these techniques increases the maximum possible bandwidth with lower power consumption in comparison with the conventional architectures, reduces die area, and enhances the dynamic range. The effectiveness of these methods has been verified by analysis and simulation of the conventional and proposed filters under identical conditions. Both the analytical investigations and extensive simulation results prove that the adopted techniques improve the performance of continuous‐time filters considerably in terms of bandwidth and linearity while reducing the die area. Simulations have been carried out in a standard 90‐nm CMOS process by using Advanced Design System (ADS), and the proposed filter features 11.08‐dB spurious‐free dynamic range improvement and 5.9 times bandwidth enhancement. Also, the total on‐chip capacitance is made 2.4 times smaller by using the new biquad structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales
Authors: van der Hoop Julie , Corkeron Peter , Moore Michael
Published: December 2016

Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and duration of life‐history events such as migration and pregnancy in large whales. We present two complementary bioenergetic approaches to estimate the energy associated with entanglement in North Atlantic right whales, and compare these estimates to the natural energetic life history of individual whales. Differences in measured blubber thicknesses and estimated blubber volumes between normal and entangled, emaciated whales indicate between 7.4 × 1010 J and 1.2 × 1011 J of energy are consumed during the course to death of a lethal entanglement. Increased thrust power requirements to overcome drag forces suggest that when entangled, whales require 3.95 × 109 to 4.08 × 1010 J more energy to swim. Individuals who died from their entanglements performed significantly more work (energy expenditure × time) than those that survived; entanglement duration is therefore critical in determining whales’ survival. Significant sublethal energetic impacts also occur, especially in reproductive females. Drag from fishing gear contributes up to 8% of the 4‐year female reproductive energy budget, delaying time of energetic equilibrium (to restore energy lost by a particular entanglement) for reproduction by months to years. In certain populations, chronic entanglement in fishing gear can be viewed as a costly unnatural life‐history stage, rather than a rare or short‐term incident.
Resting heart rate is an independent predictor of death in patients with colorectal, pancreatic, and non‐small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective cardiovascular long‐term study
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Ebner Nicole , Hildebrandt Bert , Springer Jochen , Sinn Marianne , Riess Hanno , Anker Stefan D. , Landmesser Ulf , Haverkamp Wilhelm , von Haehling Stephan
Published: December 2016

Aims

Patients with advanced cancer have been shown to suffer from abnormal cardiac function and impaired exercise capacity that may contribute to their impaired quality of life. As tachycardia is considered as a sign of potential early cardiac damage, we sought to determine whether resting heart rate and other ECG‐derived variables have prognostic value.

Methods and results

From 2005 to 2010, we enrolled 145 patients with histologically confirmed cancer (36 colorectal, 72 pancreatic, and 37 non‐small cell lung cancer patients) and 59 healthy controls. During a mean follow‐up of 27 months, 82 patients (57%) died from any cause. The mean resting heart rate of healthy subjects was 70 ± 13 b.p.m., and that of cancer patients was 79 ± 14 b.p.m. (P< 0.0001). As a sensitivity analysis, we excluded control subjects taking a beta‐blocker, but resting heart rate remained increased in cancer patients vs. controls (P < 0.0001). Resting heart rate ≥75 b.p.m. [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–2.94; P = 0.01] significantly predicted survival in univariable analyses and remained an independent predictor of survival in a multivariate model (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.78; P = 0.04). Furthermore, the heart rate stayed significant in a second model that included age and sex as well.

Conclusion

The present study is the first to show that resting heart rate independently of haemoglobin and tumour stage predicts survival in patients with advanced colorectal, pancreatic, and non‐small cell lung cancer, and may therefore represent a therapeutic target.
Verification of protein biomarker specificity for the identification of biological stains by quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Legg Kevin M. , Powell Roger , Reisdorph Nichole , Reisdorph Rick , Danielson Phillip B.
Published: December 2016

Advances in proteomics technology over the past decade offer forensic serologists a greatly improved opportunity to accurately characterize the tissue source from which a DNA profile has been developed. Such information can provide critical context to evidence and can help to prioritize downstream DNA analyses. Previous proteome studies compiled panels of “candidate biomarkers” specific to each of five body fluids (i.e., peripheral blood, vaginal/menstrual fluid, seminal fluid, urine, and saliva). Here, a multiplex quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry assay has been developed in order to verify the tissue/body fluid specificity the 23 protein biomarkers that comprise these panels and the consistency with which they can be detected across a sample population of 50 humans. Single‐source samples of these human body fluids were accurately identified by the detection of one or more high‐specificity biomarkers. Recovery of body fluid samples from a variety of substrates did not impede accurate characterization and, of the potential inhibitors assayed, only chewing tobacco juice appeared to preclude the identification of a target body fluid. Using a series of 2‐component mixtures of human body fluids, the multiplex assay accurately identified both components in a single‐pass. Only in the case of saliva and peripheral blood did matrix effects appear to impede the detection of salivary proteins.
Advances in understanding the surface chemistry of lignocellulosic biomass via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Tolbert Allison , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: December 2016

Overcoming the natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary in order to efficiently convert biomass into biofuels or biomaterials and many times this requires some type of chemical pretreatment and/or biological treatment. While bulk chemical analysis is the traditional method of determining the impact a treatment has on biomass, the chemistry on the surface of the sample can differ from the bulk chemistry. Specifically, enzymes and microorganisms bind to the surface of the biomass and their efficiency could be greatly impacted by the chemistry of the surface. Therefore, it is important to study and understand the chemistry of the biomass at the surface. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool that can spectrally and spatially analyze the surface chemistry of a sample. This review discusses the advances in understanding lignocellulosic biomass surface chemistry using the ToF‐SIMS by addressing the instrument parameters, biomass sample preparation, and characteristic lignocellulosic ion fragmentation peaks along with their typical location in the plant cell wall. The use of the ToF‐SIMS in detecting chemical changes due to chemical pretreatments, microbial treatments, and physical or genetic modifications is discussed along with possible future applications of the instrument in lignocellulosic biomass studies.
Geomorphic effectiveness: a linear concept in a non‐linear world
Authors: Lisenby Peyton E. , Croke Jacky , Fryirs Kirstie A.
Published: December 2016

Geomorphic effectiveness has been an influential concept in geomorphology since its introduction by Reds Wolman and John Miller in 1960. It provided a much needed framework to assess the significance of an event by comparing event magnitude to the resultant geomorphic effects. Initially, this concept was applied primarily in river channels, under the linear assumption that geomorphic responses to similarly sized flood events will be consistent. Numerous authors have since attempted to quantify a direct, proportional relationship between event magnitude and different forms of geomorphic response in a variety of geomorphic settings. In doing so, these investigations applied an array of metrics that were difficult to compare across different spatiotemporal scales, and physiographic and geomorphic environments. Critically, the emergence of other geomorphic concepts such as sensitivity, connectivity, thresholds, and recovery has shown that relationships between causes (events) and geomorphic effects (responses) are often complex and non‐linear.

This paper disentangles the complex historical development of the geomorphic effectiveness concept and reviews the utility of various metrics for quantifying effectiveness. We propose that total energy (joules) is the most appropriate metric to use for quantifying the magnitude of disturbance events (cause) and volumetric sediment flux associated with landform modification is the most appropriate metric for quantifying geomorphic effects. While both metrics are difficult to quantify, they are the only ones which facilitate comparison across a range of spatiotemporal scales (comparability) in a variety of geomorphic environments (flexibility). The geomorphic effectiveness concept can continue to be useful provided that geomorphologists use flexible and comparable metrics. Today, geomorphologists are better prepared to consider the influence of non‐linear processes on determinations of geomorphic effectiveness, allowing investigators to not only determine if a disturbance event was effective but also to explain why or why not. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using ecosystem service trade‐offs to inform water conservation policies and management practices
Authors: Zheng Hua , Li Yifeng , Robinson Brian E , Liu Gang , Ma Dongchun , Wang Fengchun , Lu Fei , Ouyang Zhiyun , Daily Gretchen C
Published: December 2016

Environmental managers and policy makers are increasingly discussing trade‐offs between ecosystem services, but few studies have analyzed these trade‐offs with a view to informing land‐use planning. Using specialized models, we quantify ecosystem services in several land‐use scenarios relative to actual land‐use change over a 9‐year period. These scenarios were developed in an effort to maintain agricultural production while improving water quality and increasing water quantity in the watershed of the Miyun Reservoir, the only source of surface water currently available for domestic use in Beijing, China. Within the watershed, from 2000 to 2009, forest cover and urban area increased by 33% and 280%, while water provision and water purification services declined by 9% and 27%, respectively. Under a hybrid scenario of agricultural expansion with riparian grassland buffers, three services – water provision, water purification, and sediment retention – as well as agricultural production all improved as compared with 2009 levels. Riparian grassland protection zones, seldom used in China, can effectively resolve trade‐offs among multiple ecosystem services and are now being considered and implemented in several locations.
Investigation on arsenopyrite dissolution and As (III) migration under geologic carbon storage conditions: A numerical simulation approach
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Parthasarathy Hariprasad , Karamalidis Athanasios
Published: December 2016

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is widely recognized as a promising strategy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) to the atmosphere. However, the potential for mobilization of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), from their parent minerals in the subsurface because of induced dissolution due to carbon dioxide injection, remains a concern. In this study, A TOUGHREACT model was developed to investigate the potential of arsenopyrite dissolution in a deep arsenopyrite‐rich formation in the presence of Fe(III)‐bearing minerals under geologic carbon storage conditions (a CO2 injection rate of 0.1 MMT/year, an average reservoir temperature of 50°C and an average reservoir pressure of 18.7 MPa). The model shows that after injection of CO2, pH decreased as a result of CO2 dissolution, which led to the release of Fe3+from Fe(III)‐bearing minerals. The oxidative Fe3+ released from the dissolution of Fe(III) bearing minerals caused dissolution of arsenopyrite and release of As(III). Therefore, dissolution of arsenopyrite is possible if Fe(III)‐bearing minerals are present at or close to the arsenopyrite‐rich formation. The model also simulated the rate of As(III) migration from the arsenopyrite‐rich formation to a shallow aquifer above the formation. The As(III) migrated toward the shallow aquifer through a permeable borehole 23 m away from the CO2 injector. Model simulations show that the As(III) contamination front migrated to 182 m above the As‐rich layer at t = 133 days through the borehole given a CO2 injection rate of 0.1 MMT/yr (3.17 kg/s), which corresponds to an average migration rate of 1.37 m/day. Model simulations also show that the rate of As(III) contamination front migration was not significantly affected by borehole permeability change. Those observations suggest that an aquifer, 1810 m above the As‐rich layer as designed in model simulations, has the potential to be impacted by As contamination if an As‐rich layer is present at or close to the CO2 injection interval. It is important to note that this study investigates a worst‐case scenario (from the perspectives of both site selection and abundance of arsenopyrite) and the results should not be interpreted as evidences making subsurface CO2 storage projects unfeasible. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of upregulated dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) in promoting tumoregenicity, metastasis and the prediction of poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Tang Zhiyuan , Li Jun , Shen Qin , Feng Jian , Liu Hua , Wang Wei , Xu Liqin , Shi Guanglin , Ye Xumei , Ge Min , Zhou Xiaoyu , Ni Songshi
Published: December 2016

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is encoded by DPP9, which belongs to the DPP4 gene family. Proteins encoded by these genes have unique peptidase and extra‐enzymatic functions that have been linked to various diseases including cancers. Here, we describe the expression pattern and biological function of DPP9 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The repression of DPP9 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we explored the role of DPP9 in regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial markers E‐cadherin and MUC1 were significantly increased, while mesenchymal markers vimentin and S100A4 were markedly decreased in DPP9 knockdown cells. The downregulation of DPP9 in the NSCLC cells induced the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the protein expression levels of DPP9 by tissue microarray immunohistochemical assay (TMA‐IHC) (n = 217). Further we found mRNA expression levels of DPP9 in 30 pairs of clinical NSCLC tissues were significantly lower than in the adjacent non‐cancerous tissues. Survival analysis showed that the overexpression of DPP9 was a significant independent factor for poor 5‐year overall survival in patients with NSCLC (p = 0.003). Taken together, DPP9 expression correlates with poor overall survival in NSCLC.
The Foetus and the New‐Born
Authors: Adinolfi G.
Published: December 2016

The Foetus and the New‐Born: Recent Research. British Medical Bulletin, vol. 22, N. 1, January 1966.
Tratado de Ginecologia
Authors: Alvarez‐Bravo Alfonso
Published: December 2016

Tratado de Ginecologia, by J. Botella‐Llusiá (Tomo I: Fisiologia Femenina). (Textbook of Gynaecology ‐ Volume I: Female Physiology). Editorial Científico‐Médica, Barcelona 1963.
Prae‐ und postoperative Behandlung bei gynäkologischen Operationen
Authors: Jenny J.
Published: December 2016

Prae‐ und postoperative Behandlung bei gynäkologischen Operationen (Preinvasive Carcinoma of the Cervix. Theory and Practice), by Günther Kern. Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Metabasisschäden der Neugeborenen im biologischen Sinne aus der Sicht der Geburtshelfers
Authors: Vulliémoz P.
Published: December 2016

Metabasisschäden der Neugeborenen im biologischen Sinne aus der Sicht der Geburtshelfers (Metabasic damages in the newborn in the biological sense), by Tibor Cseffalvay, 144 pages, fig., tabl. Georg Thieme, Leipzig, 1967.
Utility of MR enterography and ultrasound for the investigation of small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Bhatnagar Gauraang , Von Stempel Conrad , Halligan Steve , Taylor Stuart A
Published: December 2016

Cross sectional Imaging plays an increasingly important role the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease. Particular emphasis is placed on MRI and Ultrasound as they do not impart ionising radiation. Both modalities have reported high sensitivity for disease detection, activity assessment and evaluation of extra‐luminal complications, and have positive effects on clinical decision making. International Guidelines now recommend MRI and Ultrasound in the routine management of Crohn's disease patients. This article reviews the current evidence base supporting both modalities with an emphasis on the key clinical questions. We describe current protocols, basic imaging findings and highlight areas in need of further research.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 4

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1573–1588
Detecting and quantifying influenza virus with self‐ versus investigator‐collected mid‐turbinate nasal swabs
Authors: Granados Andrea , Quach Susan , McGeer Allison , Gubbay Jonathan B. , Kwong Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2016

We compared pairs of self‐ and investigator‐collected mid‐turbinate nasal swabs to detect and quantify influenza viral loads. We used RNase P, which reflects presence of human cells to determine adequate sample collection. Sixteen pairs of influenza‐positive swabs and 25 pairs of influenza‐negative swabs were included in this study. The median influenza A viral loads for self‐ and investigator‐collected swabs were 1.68 and 1.67 log10 copies/mL, respectively (P = 0.96). RNase P loads were also similar between self‐ and investigator‐collected swabs (P = 0.51). Self‐collected mid‐turbinate nasal swabs yield comparable viral loads to investigator‐collected swabs, and therefore might be considered for research and clinical management.
Latissimus dorsi flap with vascularized lymph node transfer for lymphedema treatment: Technique, outcomes, indications and review of literature
Authors: Inbal Amir , Teven Chad M. , Chang David W.
Published: December 2016

Background and Objectives

One of the surgical treatment options for lymphedema is vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). We present our experience with latissimus dorsi (LD) flap based VLNT for lymphedema treatment.

Methods

We reviewed 14 consecutive patients treated with pedicled or free LD VLNT between 2014 and 2016 for recalcitrant upper or lower extremity lymphedema. Seven patients underwent lymphovenous bypass in addition to LD VLNT. Limb volume and quality of life scores using the Lymphedema Life Impact Scale (LLIS) were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative assessment.

Results

Mean duration of lymphedema was 69 months (range 24–124 months). Follow‐up ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean 6.7 month). Major complications included one free flap loss and one reoperation for thrombosis. Mean preoperative volume differential between normal and affected limb was 35% (range 3–87%). Volume differential reduction was 48%, 28%, and 46% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The LLIS score improved from mean of 46.8 before surgery to a mean of 38.6 at 12 month, demonstrating improvement in quality of life.

Conclusions

The LD VLNT provides a viable option for treatment of UE and LE lymphedema in selected patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:72–77. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors Influencing Point Measurement of Near‐surface Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in a Small Sicilian Basin
Authors: Baiamonte Giorgio , Bagarello Vincenzo , D'Asaro Francesco , Palmeri Vincenzo
Published: December 2016

Hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil, Ks, controls many hydrological processes. Parameterization of basin hydrological models in terms of Ks is complicated and uncertain owing to the very high spatial variability of this soil property. A small Sicilian basin was intensively sampled by the simplified falling head technique to obtain spatially distributed Ks data, and an attempt to explain their spatial variability on the basis of soil physical characteristics, digital elevation model‐derived topographic attributes and land cover was carried out. High Ks values were obtained when clay content was low and both elevation and mean slope were high. Moreover, differences in Ks among land cover classes were detected. However, soil texture was found to have a main role on Ks variability. This finding was supported by a subsequent intensive sampling of two areas differing by elevation and land cover. The conclusion was that, for the sampled basin, a good knowledge of the spatial distribution of the soil textural fractions is necessary to develop an appropriate sampling plan for Ks, regardless of both the position within the basin and land use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the Hydro‐Sedimentary Dynamics of a Mediterranean Semiarid Ungauged Watershed Beyond the Instrumental Period
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lloveras Xavier , Corella Juan Pablo , Benito Gerardo
Published: December 2016

The development of reliable tools to quantify long‐term sediment budgets is critical to establish adequate environmental and management policies in semiarid Mediterranean regions. In this study, we apply a multidisciplinary methodology to estimate water and sediment yields in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds over a period of scarce instrumental data (i.e. second half of 19th and first half of 20th centuries). Runoff and precipitation reconstructions have been obtained using an integrative approach involving synoptic reanalysis models, regional climatic datasets, historical archives and palaeoflood proxies from natural archives. The resulting hydrological reconstruction has been implemented on a hydro‐sedimentary distributed model (i.e. TETIS) to understand the hydro‐sedimentary dynamics in the studied watershed. We highlight that, in our study area, regional‐data (instrumental, historical and sedimentary) based models show higher accuracy in the sediment yield and runoff reconstruction than synoptic reanalysis climate models. The modelled sedimentary dynamics for the studied period respond to a complex interplay between human activities and climate variability. During the 19th century deforestation and grazing activities combined with higher frequency on extreme runoff events resulted in higher runoff and sediment yield in the period 1863–1900. Over the 20th century, reduced precipitation and land abandonment led to a decrease in erosion rates and sediment yield although increased in 1945–1960 coinciding with a period of higher frequency of heavy rainfalls. This hydrological response to climate and human activities in the study watershed improves our understanding of plausible future trends of environmental degradation in small Mediterranean watersheds under different land use and climate change scenarios.

This article includes supporting information which features an explanation of GILMCLIM downscaling model, The precipitation series resulting from the reanalysis data (Figure S1), an analysis of the different precipitation series used (Table S1) and an extensive explanation of how the relation between Puentes and Valdeinfierno reservoirs was considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should publishers work with library discovery technologies and what can they do?
Authors: Zhu Julie
Published: December 2016

Key points

Working with library discovery services can improve end user experience, increase usage, and help sales.

Methodologies developed for working with discovery tools can be applied to other discovery channels, such as search engines and abstract and indexing (A&I) databases.

Publishers need to focus on data quality, workflows, and complying with industry standards.

Publisher collaboration with vendors will impact a large number of libraries and end users.
Branched Polytetrahydrofuran and Poly(tetrahydrofuran‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) Synthesized by Janus Polymerization: A Novel Self‐Healing Material
Authors: Li Yao , Bai Tianwen , Li Yifan , Ling Jun
Published: December 2016

The Janus polymerization combines cationic and anionic polymerizations into growing chains with two different chain ends. This provides a novel pathway to produce topologically interesting polymers. Here this polymerization is applied to allow the synthesis of branched polytetrahydrofuran (bPTHF) and poly(tetrahydrofuran‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (bPTC). Rare earth triflates [RE(OTf)3] (RE = Lu, Sc, and Y) are used as catalyst, and small amounts (0.10–0.15 mol%) of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether act as both initiator and comonomer due to the different reactivities of the two epoxide groups. The poly(ε‐caprolactone) block in bPTC provides crystalline domains and potential degradation under acidic conditions. The products of bPTHF show unusual tensile properties with a high strain at break of 1070% differing greatly from linear PTHF. Due to the large number of terminal hydroxyl groups and their strong hydrogen bonding, bPTHF has self‐healing properties with potentially promising applications.

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Technical Note: Development of a combined molecular breast imaging/ultrasound system for diagnostic evaluation of MBI‐detected lesions
Authors: O'Connor Michael K. , Morrow Melissa M. , Tran Thuy , Hruska Carrie B. , Conners Amy L. , Hunt Katie N.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to perform a pilot evaluation of an integrated molecular breast imaging/ultrasound (MBI/US) system designed to enable, in real‐time, the registration of US to MBI and diagnostic evaluation of breast lesions detected on MBI.

Methods

The MBI/US system was constructed by modifying an existing dual‐head cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)‐based MBI gamma camera. The upper MBI detector head was replaced with a mesh panel, which allowed an ultrasound probe to access the breast. An optical tracking system was used to monitor the location of the ultrasound transducer, referenced to the MBI detector. The lesion depth at which ultrasound was targeted was estimated from analysis of previously acquired dual‐head MBI datasets. A software tool was developed to project the US field of view onto the current MBI image. Correlation of lesion location between both modalities with real‐time MBI/US scanning was confirmed in a breast phantom model and assessed in 12 patients with a breast lesion detected on MBI.

Results

Combined MBI/US scanning allowed for registration of lesions detected on US and MBI as validated in phantom experiments. In patient studies, successful registration was achieved in 8 of 12 (67%) patients, with complete registration achieved in seven and partial registration achieved in one patient. In 4 of 12 (37%) patients, lesion registration was not achieved, partially attributed to uncertainty in lesion depth estimates from MBI.

Conclusion

The MBI/US system enabled successful registration of US to MBI in over half of patients studied in this pilot evaluation. Future studies are needed to determine if real‐time, registered US imaging of MBI‐detected lesions may obviate the need to proceed to more expensive procedures such as contrast‐enhanced breast MRI for diagnostic workup or biopsy of MBI findings.
Fast and robust multimodal image registration using a local derivative pattern
Authors: Jiang Dongsheng , Shi Yonghong , Chen Xinrong , Wang Manning , Song Zhijian
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Deformable multimodal image registration, which can benefit radiotherapy and image guided surgery by providing complementary information, remains a challenging task in the medical image analysis field due to the difficulty of defining a proper similarity measure. This article presents a novel, robust and fast binary descriptor, the discriminative local derivative pattern (dLDP), which is able to encode images of different modalities into similar image representations.

Methods

dLDP calculates a binary string for each voxel according to the pattern of intensity derivatives in its neighborhood. The descriptor similarity is evaluated using the Hamming distance, which can be efficiently computed, instead of conventional L1 or L2 norms. For the first time, we validated the effectiveness and feasibility of the local derivative pattern for multimodal deformable image registration with several multi‐modal registration applications.

Results

dLDP was compared with three state‐of‐the‐art methods in artificial image and clinical settings. In the experiments of deformable registration between different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities from BrainWeb, between computed tomography and MRI images from patient data, and between MRI and ultrasound images from BITE database, we show our method outperforms localized mutual information and entropy images in terms of both accuracy and time efficiency. We have further validated dLDP for the deformable registration of preoperative MRI and three‐dimensional intraoperative ultrasound images. Our results indicate that dLDP reduces the average mean target registration error from 4.12 mm to 2.30 mm. This accuracy is statistically equivalent to the accuracy of the state‐of‐the‐art methods in the study; however, in terms of computational complexity, our method significantly outperforms other methods and is even comparable to the sum of the absolute difference.

Conclusions

The results reveal that dLDP can achieve superior performance regarding both accuracy and time efficiency in general multimodal image registration. In addition, dLDP also indicates the potential for clinical ultrasound guided intervention.