bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary productivity and habitat protection predict elevational species richness and community biomass of large mammals on Mt. Kilimanjaro
Authors: Gebert Friederike , Njovu Henry K. , Treydte Anna C. , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Peters Marcell K.
Published: August 2019

Despite their diversity and their large functional and cultural importance, the patterns and predictors of large mammal diversity along elevational gradients on tropical mountains remain poorly understood. Today, large mammals are threatened by human disturbances such as habitat destruction and hunting and may increasingly depend on the conservation of protected areas.

Here, we use field data on the diversity of large mammals along a 3.6 km elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro to evaluate the importance of climate, net primary productivity and human impact for the distribution, species richness and community biomass of wild mammals.

Mammal species richness was explored with camera traps on 66 study plots along an elevational gradient from 870 to 4,550 m a.s.l.. We applied path analysis and variance partitioning analysis to unravel the direct and indirect effects of temperature, precipitation, primary productivity, land use, land area, the protection of habitats and the occurrence of domestic mammals on the diversity of wild mammals.

Both species richness and community biomass of wild mammals showed a unimodal distribution with elevation, peaking in the montane zone of Mt. Kilimanjaro. However, the peak shifted significantly to lower elevations when only protected habitats were considered. Wild mammal diversity increased with net primary productivity, protection of habitats and temperature.

Our study underscores the importance of energy resources for the establishment of diversity gradients in large mammals. While temperature has been revealed as a direct predictor of diversity in most ectothermic taxa, in endothermic organisms temperature has stronger indirect effects, via a modulation of net primary productivity. Moreover, our study reveals how patterns of diversity on tropical mountains are influenced by human impact, pointing to the pivotal role of protected areas for the long‐term conservation of mountain biodiversity.
Whole Plastome Sequences of Two Drug‐Type Cannabis: Insights Into the Use of Plastid in Forensic Analyses
Authors: Matielo Cristiane Barbosa D'Oliveira , Lemos Rafael Plá Matielo , Sarzi Deise Schröder , Machado Lilian de Oliveira , Beise Dalvan Carlos , Dobbler Priscila Caroline Thiago , Castro Renata Machado , Fett Mauro Sander , Roesch Luiz Fernando Würdig , Camargo Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira , Stefenon Valdir Marcos
Published: August 2019

DNA is one of the fastest growing tools in forensic sciences, increasing reliability in forensic reports and judgments. The use of DNA has increased in different areas of the forensic sciences, such as investigation of plant species, where plastid DNA has been used to elucidate and generate evidence in cases of traceability of genetically modified and controlled plants. Even with several advances and the practice of using DNA in forensic investigations, there are just few studies related to the identification of genetic tools for the characterization of drug and nondrug‐types of Cannabis. Herein, the whole plastomes of two drug‐type Cannabis are presented and have their structures compared with other Cannabis plastomes deposited in the GenBank, focusing in the forensic use of plastome sequences. The plastomes of Cannabis sativa “Brazuka” and of the hybrid Cannabis AK Royal Automatic presented general structure that does not differs from the reported for other C. sativa cultivars. A phylogenomic analyses grouped C. sativa “Brazuka” with the nondrug C. sativa cultivars, while the hybrid Cannabis AK Royal Automatic placed isolated, basal to this group. This suggests that the analysis of plastomes is useful toward genetic identification of hybrids in relation to C. sativa.
Effect of Wind on Horizontal Displacement of Fatal Fall from a Height
Authors: Tsai Wu‐ting , Hu Chia‐I , Chang Chia‐Yun
Published: August 2019

The horizontal displacement of the human body resulting from fatal fall from a height is an important variable commonly used to inversely determine the cause or identify other forensic aspects of the fall. When examining the horizontal displacement, the wind effect is generally ignored. This technical note reports analytical modeling of the falling process, utilizing previous measurements of wind force acting on the human body, for determining the functional relationship between the wind speed and the horizontal displacement in the falling process. The result reveals that it does not take extremely rare wind conditions to cause a considerable shift of the human body, highlighting the importance to consider wind as a factor in investigations of fatal falls.
Serum neopterin and ischemia modified albumin levels are associated with the disease activity of adult immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch‐Schönlein purpura)
Authors: Omma Ahmet , Colak Seda , Can Sandikci Sevinc , Yucel Cigdem , Erden Abdulsamet , Sertoglu Erdim , Ozgurtas Taner
Published: August 2019

Aim

The aims of the study are to investigate serum neopterin and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) and evaluate the association of these markers with disease activity and relapse.

Method

Thirty‐four consecutive adult patients (24 male and 10 female) admitted to the rheumatology clinic and met the IgAV American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Demographic and clinical features of IgAV and a control group were recorded into a predefined protocol. Disease activity was categorized as “remission” or “active” according to Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). BVAS ≥ 1 was accepted as "active". Serum neopterin levels, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and IMA were evaluated according to BVAS and compared to the healthy control group.

Results

Serum median (interquartile range) neopterin, IMA levels and hsCRP were higher in the study group than in control group (2.01 [12.5] ng/mL vs 1.77 [1.37] ng/mL, 0.67 [0.2] ng/mL vs. 0.43 [0.17] ng/mL, 5.6 [17.1] mg/L vs. 1.55 [1.6] mg/L, P = .095, P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). When evaluated according to BVAS, IMA and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in the group with active disease (0.77 [0.12] vs 0.61 [0.13] and 14.85 [4.6], P = .009 and P = .03, respectively). Serum neopterin levels were significantly higher in the active group compared to BVAS (18.95 [32.36] vs 1.63 [1.48], P < .001).

Conclusion

Oxidative stress is important in IgAV pathogenesis. Roles of hsCRP, neopterin and IMA as potential markers of diagnosis and disease activity seem to be worth studying in future studies with larger study groups.
Association between hippocampal volume change and change in memory following electroconvulsive therapy in late‐life depression
Authors: Laroy M. , Bouckaert F. , Vansteelandt K. , Obbels J. , Dols A. , Emsell L. , Stek M. , Vandenbulcke M. , Sienaert P.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)‐induced hippocampal volume change (HVC) has been repeatedly described in recent years. The similar time course of HVC and ECT‐related cognitive effects suggest a relation, that is to date, understudied. This study investigates whether HVC following ECT predicts the change in memory performance six months after the end of the ECT treatment.

Methods

Hippocampal volume (HV) was measured via high‐resolution 3D T1‐weighted images in 88 patients with late‐life depression, within 1 week before and after ECT. Memory performance was assessed before and six months after ECT. Multiple linear regression was used to examine whether change in memory performance could be predicted based on ECT‐induced changes in HV.

Results

Larger right absolute HVC predicts less pronounced improvement on the VAT (visual memory) in the whole sample. For the 8‐Word Test (verbal memory), Category Fluency Test (semantic memory), and MMSE, the effect is only present in patients who switched from right unilateral to bitemporal stimulation after six ECT sessions. Absolute HVC in the left hemisphere was not significantly related to cognitive change.

Conclusion

A larger absolute change in right HV during ECT is associated with less improvement in memory performance up to 6 months post‐ECT.
Comparison of e‐cigarette use characteristics between exclusive e‐cigarette users and dual e‐cigarette and conventional cigarette users: an on‐line survey in France
Authors: Berlin Ivan , Nalpas Bertrand , Targhetta Rémi , Perney Pascal
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims

Completely substituting e‐cigarettes (EC) for combustible tobacco cigarettes reduces exposure to toxicants and carcinogens. However, a large proportion of EC users (dual users) continue to smoke conventional cigarettes. This study aimed to compare estimated nicotine intake and e‐cigarette use characteristics between exclusive EC users and dual users.

Design

Web‐based anonymous cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

France.

Participants

A total of 3189 adults, current users of electronic cigarettes (EC). Data collection between 4 October 2014 and 11 November 2014.

Measurements

Primary outcome: estimated nicotine intake per day (mg) from participants' reports. Secondary outcomes: duration, frequency of EC use and nicotine content of e‐liquids used/day. Dual use was defined as using at least one cigarette per day while also using EC.

Findings

A total of 2836 respondents reported exclusive EC use and 353 reported being dual users. Backward stepwise logistic regression showed that dual users had higher estimated combined daily nicotine intake from e‐liquids and cigarettes [estimate: 2.14, standard error (SE) = 0.26, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 8.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.11–14.09, P < 0.001], but lower daily nicotine intake from EC (estimate: –2.14, SE = 0.26, aOR = 0.12, CI = 0.07–0.196, P < 0.001) and reported fewer months of EC use (estimate: −0.31, SE = 0.14, aOR = 0.73, CI = 0.56–0.95, P = 0.022) compared with exclusive EC users.

Conclusion

Dual e‐cigarette users in France may have higher nicotine intake overall than exclusive e‐cigarette users, but they may take in less nicotine from their e‐cigarettes.
The co‐design of timely and meaningful information needed to enhance social participation in community aged care services: Think tank proceedings
Authors: Brett Lindsey , Nguyen Amy D. , Siette Joyce , Dove‐Pizarro Jasmin , Hourihan Fleur , Georgiou Andrew
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine what information from community aged care social participation and quality of life assessments needs to be captured, and meaningfully utilised as part of an integrated information and communication technology system.

Methods

Two think tank sessions comprised of community aged care staff and researchers (n = 9) were conducted over 5 weeks. The sessions were guided by the Continuous Quality Improvement framework. Thematic analysis was used to categorise the think tank data.

Results

To monitor progress over time, participants needed more contextual information captured in the assessment forms, such as client goals and outcomes of assessments. The aged care provider agreed to embed outcome measure score and action following assessment into its information and communication technology system.

Conclusion

Collaboration between aged care staff and researchers resulted in adjustments to the aged care provider's information and communication technology system to better target the monitoring and planning of its clients' psychosocial needs.
Unethical, neurotic, or both? A psychoanalytic account of ethical failures within organizations
Authors: de Colle Simone , Freeman R. Edward
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to integrate insights from psychoanalytic theory into business ethics research on the sources of ethical failures within organizations. We particularly draw from the analysis of sources and outcomes of neurotic processes that are part of human development, as described by the psychoanalyst Karen Horney and more recently by Manfred Kets de Vries; we interpret their insights from a stakeholder theory perspective. Business ethics research seems to have overlooked how “neurotic management styles” could be the antecedents of unethical behavior within organizations. After showing the connection between five managerial neuroses and the corresponding potential ethical failures within organizations that have been already identified within business ethics research, we suggest three organizational strategies to counteract these failures. First, we argue that managers should pay greater attention at the complexity of human motivation, avoiding the simplistic view of compliance‐based approaches. Second, we discuss the importance of developing a conversation around values within organizations, enabling healthy individual growth and limiting the emergence of neurotic processes. Finally, we discuss the role of the business ethicist in facilitating such a process, suggesting a parallel between the role of the business ethicist and that of the psychoanalytic therapist.
Deciding with dignity: The account of human dignity as an attitude and its implications for assisted suicide
Authors: Weber‐Guskar Eva
Published: August 2019

Discussions about assisted suicide have hitherto been based on accounts of dignity conceived only as an inherent value or as a status; accounts of dignity in which it appears as a (contingent) attitude, by contrast, have been neglected. Yet there are two good reasons to consider dignity to be an attitude. First, this concept of dignity best allows us to grasp a crucial aspect of everyday language: people often express fears of losing their dignity—and it is not possible to explain this with an account in which dignity is inherent. Second, such a concept allows us to adduce new argumentation where the argument based on status ends. Dignity considered as a status provides grounds to argue for the moral permissibility of assisted suicide, in the sense that in such an account individuals possess the normative power to waive their right to life. But the question then remains of how to decide what counts as a good reason for assisted suicide—and this is where an argument based on dignity as an attitude can provide illumination.
Neuroimmune interactions: how the nervous and immune systems influence each other
Authors: Taams L S
Published: August 2019

In recent years, researchers worldwide have expanded our understanding of how, and the degree to which, the immune system interacts with the nervous system, and vice versa. In this issue of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, we are pleased to present our new Review Series: ‘Neuroimmune interactions: how the nervous and immune systems influence each other’, a collection of four Review articles commissioned by Leonie S. Taams from leading researchers in this exciting interdisciplinary field. The collection covers key technical, experimental and clinical findings in the fast-developing field of neuroimmunology.
Patient satisfaction and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of conventional denture, fixed prosthesis and milled bar overdenture for All‐on‐4 implant rehabilitation. A crossover study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Elgamal Mohamed , Mohammed Askar Osama , Youssef Al‐Tonbary Gilan
Published: August 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of conventional denture, fixed prosthesis and milled bar overdenture for All‐on‐4 implant rehabilitation.

Materials and methods

Sixteen completely edentulous patients with ill‐fitted mandibular dentures received new mandibular dentures (CDs). After 3 months, 4 implants were installed according to the “All‐on‐4 concept” and immediately loaded with mandibular dentures. Three months after osseointegration, patients received either fixed prosthesis (FP) or milled bar overdenture (MB) in a crossover design. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). OHRQoL was evaluated using the OHIP‐14. Questionnaires of VAS and OHIP‐14 were measured 3 months after wearing each of the following prostheses: CD, FP, and MB.

Results

For all questions of VAS and OHIP‐14, CD showed significant lower satisfaction compared to FP and MB (p < .00025). FP recorded significant higher VAS scores than MB regarding retention and stability (p < .00007). MB recorded significant higher scores than FP regarding general satisfaction, comfort, ease of cleaning, and handling (p < .00008). Regarding OHIP‐14, no significant differences in OHIP scores between FP and MB were observed for all domains of OHIP.

Conclusion

“All‐on‐4” implant rehabilitation of edentulous mandible with FP and MB achieves high patient satisfaction and OHRQoL compared to CD. No significant difference in OHRQoL between FP and MB was observed. Regarding VAS, FP rated greater satisfaction with retention, stability, and chewing compared to MB. However, MB rated greater satisfaction with ease of cleaning and handling compared to FP.
D‐Ser2‐oxyntomodulin ameliorated Aβ31‐35‐induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice
Authors: Wang Li , Zhao Jin , Wang Chang‐Tu , Hou Xiao‐Hong , Ning Na , Sun Cong , Guo Shuai , Yuan Yuan , Li Lin , Hölscher Christian , Wang Xiao‐Hui
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The occurrence of circadian rhythm disorder in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to the abnormal deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ), and d‐Ser2‐oxyntomodulin (Oxy) is a protease‐resistant oxyntomodulin analogue that has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects.

Aims

This study aimed to explore whether Oxy, a new GLP‐1R/GCGR dual receptor agonist, can improve the Aβ‐induced disrupted circadian rhythm and the role of GLP‐1R.

Methods

A mouse wheel‐running experiment was performed to explore the circadian rhythm, and western blotting and real‐time PCR were performed to assess the expression of the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Furthermore, a lentivirus encoding an shGLP‐1R‐GFP‐PURO was used to interfere with GLP‐1R gene expression and so explore the role of GLP‐1R.

Results

The present study has confirmed that Oxy could restore Aβ31‐35‐induced circadian rhythm disorders and improve the abnormal expression of Bmal1 and Per2. After interfering the GLP‐1R gene, we found that Oxy could not improve the Aβ31‐35‐induced circadian rhythm disorder and abnormal expression of clock genes.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that Oxy could improve Aβ31‐35‐induced circadian rhythm disorders, and GLP‐1R plays a critical role. This study thus describes a novel target that may be potentially used in the treatment of AD.
Temperature and prey density jointly influence trophic and non‐trophic interactions in multiple predator communities
Authors: Veselý Lukáš , Boukal David S. , Buřič Miloš , Kuklina Irina , Fořt Martin , Yazicioglu Buket , Prchal Martin , Kozák Pavel , Kouba Antonín , Sentis Arnaud
Published: August 2019

Environmental changes such as global warming can affect ecological communities by altering individual life histories and species interactions. Recent studies focusing on the consequences of environmental change on species interactions highlighted the need for a wider, multi‐species context including both trophic and non‐trophic interactions (e.g. predator interference). However, the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on trophic and non‐trophic interactions remain largely unexplored.

To fill this gap, we combined laboratory experiments and functional response modelling to investigate how temperature and prey density influence trophic and non‐trophic interactions in multiple predator communities.

The system under study consisted of predatory dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea) and omnivorous marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) preying on common carp fry (Cyprinus carpio). We estimated the functional response of each predator in single‐predator experiments and used this information to disentangle the trophic and non‐trophic interactions and their dependence on environmental conditions in multiple predator trials.

We found that consumer identity, prey density, and temperature all affect the magnitude of trophic and non‐trophic interactions. Non‐trophic interactions mostly decreased predator feeding rates, corroborating previous observations that interference prevails in aquatic communities. Moreover, trophic interactions depended primarily on the environmental variables whereas non‐trophic interactions depended mainly on consumer identity.

Our results indicate that non‐trophic interactions among true predators and omnivores can be substantial and that biotic and abiotic conditions further modify the magnitude and direction of these interactions, which can affect food web dynamics and stability.
Capital adjustment cost and inconsistency in income-based dynamic panel models with fixed effects
Authors: Basu Parantap , Getachew Yoseph , Bhattarai Keshab
Published: August 2019

After the seminal work of Nickell (1981), a vast literature demonstrates the inconsistency of ‘conditional convergence’ estimator in income-based dynamic panel models with fixed effects when the time horizon (T) is short but the sample of countries (N) is large. Less attention is given to the economic root of inconsistency of the fixed effects estimator when T is also large. Using a variant of the Ramsey growth model with long-run adjustment cost of capital, we demonstrate that the fixed effects estimator of such models could be inconsistent when T is large. This inconsistency arises because of the long-run adjustment cost of capital which gives rise to a negative moving average coefficient in the error term. Income convergence will be thus overestimated. We theoretically characterize the order of this inconsistency. Our Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that the size of the bias is substantial and it is greater in economies with higher capital adjustment costs. We show that the use of instrumental variables that take into account the presence of the negative moving average term in the error will overcome this bias.
Lights on the shadows of public procurement: Transparency as an antidote to corruption
Authors: Bauhr Monika , Czibik Ágnes , de Fine Licht Jenny , Fazekas Mihály
Published: August 2019

The increased focus on marketizing mechanisms and contracting‐out operations following the New Public Management reform agenda has sparked a debate on whether the close interactions between public and private actors might drive corruption in the public sector. The main response to those worries has been increased transparency, but so far empirical evidence of its efficiency remains scant and mixed. This article argues that the beneficial effects of transparency on corruption are contingent on type of transparency, and in particular, who the intended receiver of the information is. Drawing on newly collected data of more than 3.5 million government contracts between 2006 and 2015, the analysis shows that overall tender transparency reduces corruption risks substantially, yet that the effect is largely driven by ex ante transparency, that is, transparency that allows for horizontal monitoring by insiders in the bidding process.
Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with concomitant and tailored therapy based on 23S rRNA point mutation: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ong Sungmoon , Kim Sung Eun , Kim Ji Hyun , Yi Nam Hee , Kim Tae Young , Jung Kyoungwon , Park Moo In , Jung Hwoon‐Yong
Published: August 2019

Background

We evaluated the efficacy of tailored therapy based on point mutation presence identified with the dual‐priming oligonucleotide (DPO)‐based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method compared with concomitant therapy.

Materials and methods

Subjects were randomly assigned concomitant therapy (amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg twice/day for 14 days) or tailored therapy (amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg twice/day for 14 days in point mutation‐negative subjects; and amoxicillin 1 g, metronidazole 500 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg twice/day for 14 days in point mutation‐positive subjects).

Results

A total of 397 and 352 subjects were included in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. Point mutations were identified in 25.9% of the subjects. The overall eradication rate was not significantly different between the groups by ITT (86.2% vs 81.6%, P = .132) and PP analyses (90.2% vs 86.5%, P = .179). There was no significant difference in the eradication rates between the groups in both the point mutation‐negative subjects (91.7% vs 87.3%, P = .154) and the point mutation‐positive subjects (71.2% vs 64.7%, P = .312). The eradication rates were significantly lower in the point mutation‐positive subjects than in the point mutation‐negative subjects in both the concomitant and tailored therapy groups.

Conclusions

Tailored therapy based on point mutation presence identified with the DPO‐based multiplex PCR method was as effective as concomitant therapy. The eradication rates of both therapy regimens were suboptimal in point mutation‐positive subjects.
Anal fistula and pilonidal sinus disease coexisting simultaneously: An audit in a cohort of 1284 patients
Authors: Garg Pankaj
Published: August 2019

Fistula‐in‐ano and pilonidal disease are not known to occur together. In a retrospective study, all patients having fistula‐pilonidal disease coexisting simultaneously were included. Out of 1284 patients, 933 were operated (fistula‐in‐ano, 849; pilonidal disease, 77; and coexisting fistula‐pilonidal, 7). A total of 351 patients did not undergo any surgery (two patients had coexisting fistula‐pilonidal). Thus, a total of nine patients having coexisting fistula‐pilonidal sinus were included in the study (mean age 35.8 ± 19.9 years, M/F 7/2). pIn 6/9 patients, the pilonidal tract was communicating with fistula‐in‐ano, and in 3/9 patients, they were not communicating/connected. The connection could be established preoperatively with the help of MRI. In all patients with communicating fistula‐pilonidal sinus (n=6), the fistula was posterior. 6/9 patients had recurrent fistula and all (9/9) had multiple tracts. The fistula was high and complex in 8/9 patients (grade IV‐7, grade V‐1). 4/9 patients tested positive for tuberculosis while one patient was suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa. The latter improved on medical treatment. One patient did not agree for surgery and seven were operated. The disease healed in four patients, the disease did not heal in one patient, and two patients were in the convalescent stage. Anal fistula and pilonidal disease can coexist in a same patient and can even be connected. Such diseases are more complex and have a higher incidence of associated diseases like tuberculosis. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis. If the connection is missed, the disease treatment becomes difficult.
Environmental latitudinal gradients and host‐specificity shape Symbiodiniaceae distribution in Red Sea Porites corals
Authors: Terraneo Tullia I. , Fusi Marco , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Arrigoni Roberto , Voolstra Christian R. , Benzoni Francesca , Forsman Zac H. , Berumen Michael L.
Published: August 2019

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the diversity of algal symbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae associated with the coral genus Porites in the Red Sea, and to test for host‐specificity and environmental variables driving biogeographical patterns of algal symbiont distribution.

Location

Saudi Arabian Red Sea.

Taxon

Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae in association with the reef‐building coral genus Porites.

Methods

Eighty Porites coral specimens were collected along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Species boundaries were assessed morphologically and genetically (putative Control Region – mtCR; ITS region – ITS). Community composition of symbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae was also assessed. Using the ITS2 marker with the SymPortal framework, Symbiodiniaceae data at the genus, majority ITS2 sequence and ITS2 type profile were used to assess symbiont diversity and distribution patterns. These were analysed in relation to coral host diversity, geographic location and environmental variables.

Results

Among the 80 Porites samples, 10 morphologies were identified. These corals were clustered into five lineages (clades I–V) by each of the markers independently. Clades I, II and III each comprised of a single Porites morphology, while clades IV and V contained up to five distinct morphologies. The diversity of Symbiodiniaceae associated with Porites was high and latitudinal differentiation was observed. In particular, a shift from a Cladocopium‐dominated to a Durusdinium‐dominated community was found along the north–south gradient. Symbiont diversity showed the patterns of geographic‐specific association at Symbiodiniaceae genus, majority ITS2 sequence and ITS2 type profile level. Specific associations with host genotypes (but not morphological species) were also recovered when considering Symbiodiniaceae majority ITS2 sequence and ITS2 type profiles.

Main conclusions

This study provides the first large‐scale molecular characterization of Symbiodiniaceae communities associated with Porites corals from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. The use of intragenomic diversity data enabled the resolution of host‐symbiont specificity and biogeographical patterns of distribution, previously unachievable with the ITS2 marker alone. Finally, correlation among symbiont diversity and Red Sea environmental gradients was documented.
Authors’ reply to: re: ‘Pyemotes ventricosus detection in a baby skin folds’ and ‘Alternative hypothesis for mite identification with reference to Pyemotes ventricosus detection in a baby skin folds’
Authors: Tognetti L. , Cinotti E. , Pianigiani E. , Rubegni P.
Published: August 2019

Linked article: L. Stingeni et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e25–e27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15870.
Material flow analysis and material use efficiency of Brazil's mortar and concrete supply chain
Authors: da Costa Reis Daniel , Mack‐Vergara Yazmin , John Vanderley Moacyr
Published: August 2019

Cementitious materials, mostly concrete and mortar, account for about one‐third of all materials extraction worldwide. Material flow data in this industry are still unsatisfactory, especially related to unused extraction materials, quarry wastes, and water consumption, aspects which usually are not included in environmental analysis studies. The aim of this study is to conduct a material flow analysis (MFA) of the Brazilian concrete and mortar supply chain to quantify material use efficiency (ME) and dematerialization potential. The MFA includes extraction, production, and construction stages for the following indicators: i) unused extraction; ii) quarry waste; iii) water consumption; iv) material wastage; v) raw material consumption; vi) energy carriers; and vii) atmospheric emissions. The results demonstrated that the primary raw material footprint is about 456 million metric tons (Mt) corresponding to a metabolic rate of 2.2 metric tons/capita (t/capita). After including unused extraction, quarry wastes, water consumption, and secondary materials this value increases to 4.1 t/capita corresponding to a total material consumption of 840 Mt. Concrete and mortar can be produced using two routes—mixing on site or industrial mixing. We conclude that the industrial scenario allows for dematerialization by about 8% for concrete and 24% for mortar, by mass; and the average material use efficiency is low, at about 53% for concrete and 34% for mortar.
Environmental and economic impacts of solar‐powered integrated greenhouses
Authors: Hollingsworth Joseph A. , Ravishankar Eshwar , O'Connor Brendan , Johnson Jeremiah X. , DeCarolis Joseph F.
Published: August 2019

Greenhouse vegetable production plays a vital role in providing year‐round fresh vegetables to global markets, achieving higher yields, and using less water than open‐field systems, but at the expense of increased energy demand. This study examines the life cycle environmental and economic impacts of integrating semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) into greenhouse designs. We employ life cycle assessment to analyze six environmental impacts associated with producing greenhouse‐grown tomatoes in a Solar PoweRed INtegrated Greenhouse (SPRING) compared to conventional greenhouses with and without an adjacent solar photovoltaic array, across three distinct locations. The SPRING design produces significant reductions in environmental impacts, particularly in regions with high solar insolation and electricity‐intensive energy demands. For example, in Arizona, global warming potential values for a conventional, adjacent PV and SPRING greenhouse are found to be 3.71, 2.38, and 2.36 kg CO2 eq/kg tomato, respectively. Compared to a conventional greenhouse, the SPRING design may increase life cycle environmental burdens in colder regions because the shading effect of OPV increases heating demands. Our analysis shows that SPRING designs must maintain crop yields at levels similar to conventional greenhouses in order to be economically competitive. Assuming consistent crop yields, uncertainty analysis shows average net present cost of production across Arizona to be $3.43, $3.38, and $3.64 per kg of tomato for the conventional, adjacent PV and SPRING system, respectively.
Clinical factors, diagnostic delay, and residual deficits in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Bunschoten Carina , Blomkwist‐Markens Patricia H. , Horemans Anja , van Doorn Pieter A. , Jacobs Bart C.
Published: August 2019

Management of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is complicated by the challenging diagnosis, monitoring of disease activity, and treatment response. Real world data about the current practice of care in CIDP are rare, but important to improve clinical guidelines. In this study, we determined the current practice of diagnosis and treatment in relation to the clinical outcome of patients with CIDP in a cross‐sectional study in The Netherlands. All patients registered at the Dutch neuromuscular patient organization and patients at the Erasmus Medical Center were approached. CIDP diagnosis was confirmed by using patient files and expert consensus. The response rate was 137/197 (70%) and the diagnosis CIDP was confirmed in 112 patients. The time from onset of symptoms until CIDP diagnosis was median 5 months and > 12 months in 26% of the patients. Patients with a late diagnosis (>5 months) compared to patients with an early diagnosis (≤5 months) more frequently had another initial diagnosis (P < .001), multifocal abnormalities (P = .011), final diagnosis made in university hospitals (P = .001), and more (residual) complaints, also illustrated via two patient reported, validated clinical outcome measures. Although 97% of patients received treatment, 88% reported (residual) neurological symptoms and deficits. CIDP diagnosis is often delayed, especially in patients with atypical CIDP variants. Diagnostic delay may result in delayed initiation of treatment. A more rapid and accurate diagnosis of CIDP may prevent or at least reduce residual neurological deficits and accompanying disability in CIDP.
The effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Luo Dan , Xu Jing-Jing , Cai Xue , Zhu Min , Wang Hong , Yan Dan , Li Ming-Zi
Published: August 2019

Aims and objectives

To examine the effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes and to determine whether resilience mediates the effects of family functioning on self‐management and glycaemic control.

Background

Poor self‐management and glycaemic control are common in youth with type 1 diabetes. Family functioning and resilience are known to be important psychosocial factors that contribute to individual health and development. However, no studies have explored the effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youths with type 1 diabetes in mainland China.

Design

This study was conducted using a survey with a convenience sample following the STROBE guidelines.

Methods

A total of 204 Chinese youth who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least 6 months were recruited. Family functioning, resilience, self‐management and diabetes distress were measured using self‐reports and standard measurement tools. Glycaemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesised model.

Results

The final model accounted for 52.1% and 19.5% of the total variance of self‐management and HbA1C level, respectively. Resilience had a direct effect on self‐management and an indirect effect on control of HbA1C. Family functioning had an indirect effect on both self‐management and control of HbA1C through resilience. The model remained invariant across the mild‐distress and severe‐distress groups.

Conclusion

In Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes, resilience positively affected self‐management and ultimately optimised glycaemic control, even in the presence of diabetes distress. Family functioning positively affected self‐management and glycaemic control by promoting resilience.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study found that family functioning and resilience had positive effects on self‐management and glycaemic control in youth. This study confirms the importance of incorporating resilience assessments and family‐based resilience interventions into clinical nursing practice with youth with type 1 diabetes.
Prevalence of shift work disorder among hospital personnel: A cross‐sectional study using objective working hour data
Authors: Vanttola Päivi , Puttonen Sampsa , Karhula Kati , Oksanen Tuula , Härmä Mikko
Published: August 2019

The prevalence of shift work disorder (SWD) has been studied using self‐reported data and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (ICSD‐2) criteria. We examined the prevalence in relation to ICSD‐2 and ICSD‐3 criteria, work schedules and the number of non‐day shifts (work outside 06:00–18:00 hours) using objective working‐hours data. Secondly, we explored a minimum cut‐off for the occurrence of SWD symptoms. Hospital shift workers without (n = 1,813) and with night shifts (n = 2,917) and permanent night workers (n = 84) answered a survey (response rate 69%) on SWD and fatigue on days off. The prevalence of SWD was calculated for groups with ≥1, ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 monthly non‐day shifts utilizing the working hours registry. ICSD‐3‐based SWD prevalence was 2.5%–3.7% (shift workers without nights), 2.6%–9.5% (shift workers with nights) and 6.0% (permanent night workers), depending on the cut‐off of non‐day shifts (≥7–1/month, respectively). The ICSD‐2‐based prevalence was higher: 7.1%–9.2%, 5.6%–33.5% and 16.7%, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher among shift workers with than those without nights (p‐values <.001) when using the cut‐offs of ≥1–3 non‐day shifts. Shift workers with nights who had ≥3 days with ICSD‐3‐based SWD symptoms/month more commonly had fatigue on days off (49.3%) than those below the cut‐off (35.8%, p < .05). The ICSD‐3 criteria provided lower estimates for SWD prevalence than ISCD‐2 criteria, similarly to exclusion of employees with the fewest non‐day shifts. The results suggest that a plausible cut‐off for days with ICSD‐3‐based SWD symptoms is ≥3/month, resulting in 3%–6% prevalence of SWD.
Prototypes of Faith: Findings with the Faith Q‐Sort
Authors: Wulff David M.
Published: August 2019

Defining religion and finding ways to assess it in individual lives has long challenged psychologists of religion. At first, open‐ended questionnaires were used, but with the advent of modern statistical methods, a succession of religiosity scales was developed. But these usually brief scales were typically based on the preconceptions of their authors, who were overwhelmingly Protestant Christian and often conservative, much as were those who completed them. To provide a more adequate way of assessing “faith,” a term here encompassing both religious and nonreligious attitudes, a new assessment device was developed that incorporates the singular advantages of Q methodology. The Faith Q‐Sort consists of 101 statements that respondents sort on a nine‐category continuum, indicating the degree to which each statement describes himself or herself. Factor analysis based on correlations of the sorts rather than individual items yielded, for the initial group of participants, three major prototypes and five minor ones, accounting for 67 percent of the variance. Of the 42 participants, 31 proved to be exemplars of one or another of the eight prototypes. Subsequent explorations illustrate the wealth of possibilities the FQS offers, both as a research instrument and a counseling tool.
Intergenerational Earnings and Income Mobility in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Thang
Published: August 2019

This paper empirically examines the intergenerational mobility of earnings and income in Vietnam using the two‐sample two‐stage least squares estimation. The baseline intergenerational elasticity estimates show that Vietnam occupies the intermediate degrees of intergenerational mobility of earnings and income for both sons and daughters. In particular, a rise of 10 per cent in fathers’ earnings is on average associated with an increase of 3.61 per cent and 3.94 per cent for sons’ earnings and income, respectively. The corresponding figures for daughters’ earnings and income are 2.84 per cent and 3.33 per cent, respectively.
The Roles of Recasts, Task Complexity, and Aptitude in Child Second Language Development
Authors: Kourtali Nektaria‐Efstathia , Révész Andrea
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of task complexity on child learners’ second language (L2) gains, the relationship between aptitude and L2 development, and the extent to which task complexity influences this relationship when recasts are provided. Sixty child EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups. During the treatment, one group completed simple information transmission tasks, whereas the other group performed complex decision‐making tasks. In response to errors in the use of the present third person singular verb forms, participants received recasts. L2 development was measured through oral production, written production, and elicited imitation tests. Aptitude was assessed through LLAMA D, LLAMA E, and LLAMA F. Less cognitively demanding tasks were more beneficial. Participants’ performance on LLAMA E predicted L2 gains measured through elicited imitation, and their LLAMA D scores predicted development measured through the oral and written production tests under complex task conditions.

Open Practices

This article has been awarded Open Data and Open Materials badges. The data and materials from this study are publicly accessible via the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
The power of neural oscillations to inform sentence comprehension: A linguistic perspective
Authors: Prystauka Yanina , Lewis Ashley Glen
Published: August 2019

The field of psycholinguistics is currently experiencing an explosion of interest in the analysis of neural oscillations—rhythmic brain activity synchronized at different temporal and spatial levels. Given that language comprehension relies on a myriad of processes, which are carried out in parallel in distributed brain networks, there is hope that this methodology might bring the field closer to understanding some of the more basic (spatially and temporally distributed, yet at the same time often overlapping) neural computations that support language function. In this review, we discuss existing proposals linking oscillatory dynamics in different frequency bands to basic neural computations and review relevant theories suggesting associations between band‐specific oscillations and higher‐level cognitive processes. More or less consistent patterns of oscillatory activity related to certain types of linguistic processing can already be derived from the evidence that has accumulated over the past few decades. The centerpiece of the current review is a synthesis of such patterns grouped by linguistic phenomenon. We restrict our review to evidence linking measures of oscillatory power to the comprehension of sentences, as well as linguistically (and/or pragmatically) more complex structures. For each grouping, we provide a brief summary and a table of associated oscillatory signatures that a psycholinguist might expect to find when employing a particular linguistic task. Summarizing across different paradigms, we conclude that a handful of basic neural oscillatory mechanisms are likely recruited in different ways and at different times for carrying out a variety of linguistic computations.
Mapping themes in the study of new work practices
Authors: Aroles Jeremy , Mitev Nathalie , de Vaujany François‐Xavier
Published: August 2019

Both shaping and shaped by technological, economic and social facets, the world of work has witnessed a wide array of changes. This review article sets out to provide a synthesis of some of the main directions and insights of existing research connected to the new world of work. In particular, we approached the topic of new work practices through four key dimensions: (1) Conceptual and methodological dimensions in the study of new work practices; (2) Spatial and temporal manifestations of new work practices in the collaborative economy; (3) Individuals, organizations and new work configurations; (4) Power and control. The review article critically discusses the future of work and argues that the ‘new’ world of work simply repeats asymmetrical power relations and inequalities that characterise work activities, with the potential of exacerbating even further disparities, inequalities and precarity.
Cryptochromes integrate green light signals into the circadian system
Authors: Battle Martin William , Jones Matthew Alan
Published: August 2019

Plants are acutely sensitive of their light environment, adapting their growth habit and prioritizing developmental decisions to maximize fecundity. In addition to providing an energy source and directional information, light quality also contributes to entrainment of the circadian system, an endogenous timing mechanism that integrates endogenous and environmental signalling cues to promote growth. Whereas plants' perception of red and blue portions of the spectrum are well defined, green light sensitivity remains enigmatic. In this study, we show that low fluence rates of green light are sufficient to entrain and maintain circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis and that cryptochromes contribute to this response. Importantly, green light responses are distinguishable from low blue light‐induced phenotypes. These data suggest a distinct signalling mechanism enables entrainment of the circadian system in green light‐enriched environments, such as those found in undergrowth and in densely planted monoculture.