bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Şairin “Erkek” Olarak Portresi: Murathan Mungan'ın Şairin Romanı’nda Kurulan Erk Kuyusu
Authors: GÜLLÜK Derya
Published: December 2022

Eril söylemin nesnesi olmaktan kurutulamayan kadın temsilinin görünür olduğu anlatıların, kadın kimliğinin toplumsal yaşamda belirlenmiş cinsiyet rollerini aşamadıkları ve bu rollerin yeniden üretilmesine hizmet ederek kadının ikincil konumunu estetize etmekten öteye geçemedikleri görülür. Toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini keskinleştiren eril otoritenin dili, erkek öznenin yaratıcılığında, kadını, farklı baskı mekanizmaları etrafında nesneleştirerek sınırlar. Bütünüyle toplumsal hayatın ötesine itilen kadınlar kamusalda da görünmez kılınarak sesleri kısılmış, bedenleri ve varlıkları üzerinde çeşitli aygıtlar çerçevesinde bir denetim kurulmuştur. Sınırları “öteki” tarafından çizilen ve onun tarafından adlandırılan kadın temsillerinde kimi zaman örtük kimi zamansa açık edilen bir bakışla çizilen kadın imgesiyle yüzleşirken ciddi sorunlarla malûl olduğumuz da aşikârdır. Bu bağlamda önemli bir örneklem olarak görebileceğimiz Murathan Mungan’ın “Şairin Romanı” başlıklı anlatısında, çoğunluğu şair olan erkek kahramanlar karşısında şairlikleri silinerek sadece güzel şiir okumalarıyla ön plana çıkarılan kadın kahramanlar, kendi sözlerinin birer faili olarak değil de erkek şairlerin şiirlerini okuyan birer okuyucuya dönüştürülerek hem şairlikleri hem de faillikleri ellerinden alınır. Diğer bir yandan, anlatının şair olarak ön plana çıkan kadın kahramanları irrealist bir alana yerleştirilerek gerçekliklerinden kopartılmış ve kadınların benliği; “doğallık”, “mahremiyet” ve “gizem” gibi mefhumlar etrafında flulaştırılarak verilmiştir. Sadece neyin var olduğuna değil, neyin “yok” edildiğine de odaklandığımız bu başlık altında, bir taraftan eril özneye atfedilen “hegemonik” erkeklik kurgularının görünür olduğu diğer taraftan ise nesneleştirilen kadın temsilleriyle birlikte toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının yeniden üretildiği tespit ve teşhis edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bütün bir edebiyat tarihini “baba-oğul” çatışması üzerinden veren ve adeta şairliği erkekliğe hasreden Harold Bloom’un “etkilenme endişesi” kavramsallaştırması üzerinden Murathan Mungan’ın Şairin Romanı başlıklı anlatısı eleştirel bir gözle okunacaktır.
Ölüm ve Yeniden Doğum: D. H. Lawrence’ın Ölen Adam Romanının Arketipsel İncelemesi
Authors: DEMİRKOL AZAK Nihal
Published: December 2022

Arketipçi Eleştiri Kuramının kökenleri sosyal antropoloji ve psikanalize uzanır. Farklı kültürler, dinler ve mitler üzerine yaptığı karşılaştırmalı çalışmalarla antropolog Sir James George Frazer, ‘ortak bilinçaltı’ üzerine odaklandığı çalışmalarla psikanalist Carl Gustav Jung ve ‘kahramanın yolculuğunda’ temel yolculuk izleğini incelediği çalışmasıyla Joseph Campbell bu kuramın temelini oluşturur. Tüm bu çalışmaların ortak noktası ‘arketipler’dir. Dünyanın çok farklı yerlerindeki hikâyelere bakıldığında, bunların çoğunluğunda ortak bilinçaltından gelen benzer arketiplerin yüzyıllardır tekrarlandığı görülür. Arketipçi Eleştiri Kuramı da metinlerde tekrarlayan arketipsel karakter, imge ve durumları inceler. D. H. Lawrence’ın The Man Who Died [Ölen Adam] (1929) romanında ‘ölen ve yeniden doğan’ Adam’ın (İsa’nın) hikâyesi de farklı yer ve zamanlarda yüzyıllardır tekrarlanan ‘yolculuk, arayış, geçiş, ölüm – yeniden doğuş, gölge, anima – animus’ arketipler çevresinde şekillenmiştir. Ölen Adam İsa’nın hikâyesini anlatır; ancak bu romandaki İsa’nın hikâyesi hemen her okuyucunun aşina olduğu hikâye değildir. Bambaşka bir İsa’nın hikâyesi anlatılır: öldüğünde eski kimliğini ve rolünü tamamen geride bırakarak yeniden doğan bir İsa. Ölen Adam (Yeni İsa) artık insanlara doğru yolu göstermeye uğraşan bir kurtarıcı ya da öğretmen değildir. Kendini bulma yolculuğuna çıkan arayış içinde yapayalnız bir sürgündür. Bu çalışma da artık kurtarıcı olmayan bu yeni İsa’nın yeni hayatındaki yolculuğunda ona eşlik edip hikâyedeki karakter, durum ve imgeleri Arketipsel açıdan incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Drug Transport via Nanocarrier for Liver Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hussein Shafirah , Rubenb Jaffr
Published: December 2022

The requirement of having multiple nanocarriers (NCs) and active agents for improved therapy, imaging, and controlled release of medications efficiently in one platform has made the creation of therapeutics and theragnostic nanodrug delivery systems a difficult task for present researchers. Multiple drug resistance (MDR), a high clearance rate, severe side effects, undesirable drug distribution to the specific site of liver cancer, and a low concentration of medication that reaches liver cancer cells are just a few of the drawbacks of traditional liver cancer chemotherapy. As a result, new techniques and NCs must be developed to transport the medication molecules targeted to the malignant hepatocytes in an acceptable number and duration inside the therapeutic window. Because of the great efficacy of drug loading or drug encapsulation efficiency, high cellular uptake, high drug release, and minimal adverse effects, therapeutics and theragnostic systems have benefits over conventional chemotherapy. These NCs have a high drug accumulation rate in tumours while causing minimal toxicity in healthy tissues. This study focuses on current research on NC-based therapies and theragnostic drug delivery systems, omitting nanotechnology's negative consequences in the field of drug delivery systems. Clinical advancements of theragnostic NCs for liver cancer, on the other hand, are not covered in this article. Only the most current breakthroughs in NC-based drug delivery systems for liver cancer therapy and diagnosis are discussed in this study. This review will not go over the detrimental effects of individual NCs in the medication delivery system.
Role of Natural Products in Combating Cancer
Authors: Barreto Camilla , Jandus Alwjandra
Published: December 2022

Alternative bio actively chemicals may be found in natural goods and traditional herb medications, but only a few plant-information formulations have been rigorously studied and verified for their potential as medicinal therapies. The study of plant-derived elements' immunomodulation capabilities and their ability as provoke the immune system as combat various elemental disorders like cancer is, nonetheless, a promising area in current therapeutics information on plant-derived chemicals. This research showed how network pharmacology may be applied as define and validate natural individual elements or more complicated preparations as prospective cancer therapies information on their various aim capabilities in this research. We give a summary of the present state of understanding on network pharmacology, with a particular emphasis on various technical methods and their implications for cancer treatment.
Impact of Social Capital on Land Arrangement Behavior of Migrant Workers in China
Authors: Zhu Minglei , Song Xiaowei , Chen Wenxin
Published: December 2022

In China, the land arrangement behavior of over 160 million rural-urban migrant workers is closely related to the optimal allocation of rural land resources and sustainable development of urban and rural areas. Although previous studies show that social capital affects migrant workers’ land arrangement behavior, few empirical studies reveal the relationship between them, and the corresponding interventions remain unclear. Using survey data collected in Henan Province, China, and a multinomial logit model, this study empirically analyzes the mechanism behind the impact of social capital on migrant workers’ land arrangement behavior from the perspective of social capital. Results illustrate that social capital has a significant impact on the land arrangement behavior of migrant workers. The behavior is significantly correlated with the scale of migrant workers’ urban social networks, the degree of urban social trust, and urban belonging. More social capital in urban areas indicates a higher tendency for migrant workers to abandon their land contracting rights and become permanent urban residents. This study reveals the mechanism of social capital affecting migrant workers’ land arrangement behavior and provides a reference for decision-making with respect to guiding migrant workers’ land management behavior for other countries facing similar social problems.
Research on the Heterogeneity of Green Biased Technology Progress in Chinese Industries: Decomposition Index Analysis Based on the Slacks-based measure integrating
Authors: Meng Yuxin , Liu Lu , Xu Zhenlong , Gong Wenwen , Yan Guanpeng
Published: December 2022

Green-biased technological progress takes into account the influence of energy input and pollution emissions, which is of great significance to China's green development. This paper decomposes technological progress into two categories: green input-biased technological progress (IBTC) and green output-biased technological progress (OBTC), using the Slacks-based measure integrating (SBM) model. The factor bias in technological progress is determined based on data from 34 industries in China from 2000 to 2015. The results show that green-biased technological progress exists significantly in the industry, and most of it promotes the growth of green total factor productivity. IBTC first tends to consume energy to pursue capital between capital input and energy input, while it tends to save energy after the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. Between labor input and energy input, it is biased towards saving labor and consuming resources. OBTC is biased towards promoting industrial growth and curbing pollution emissions. Medium and light-polluting industries are biased toward promoting industrial growth and curbing pollution emissions, while heavy-polluting industries are biased towards emitting more pollution.
La gestión de la calidad como dinamizador de la cultura organizacional en las tiendas Caribe
Authors: Verdecia-Laborde Yadismarlen , Domínguez-Borjas Yosvani Mauricio , Pino-Sera Yamilka , Del Toro-Prada José Javier , Henriques Armindo
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo se analiza como la gestión de la calidad, constituye un dinamizador de la cultura organizacional en las Tiendas Caribe División Norte. Para lograr un buen nivel de calidad y cultura organizacional, no solo es contar con profesionales capacitados en estos temas, sino establecer una cultura que posibilite y, sobre todo, motive la adopción de determinados valores en todos los departamentos de la organización, por ello es importante identificar las necesidades de capacitación que fortalezcan y mejoren las habilidades y competencias organizacionales, mejorando la productividad y así cumplir con los objetivos organizacionales planteados. La investigación tiene como objetivo: elaborar un sistema de acciones de capacitación para contribuir al fortalecimiento de los valores compartidos, la calidad y cultura organizacional en los trabajadores de la Cadena de Tiendas Caribe División Norte.

Palabras clave:

Calidad de los servicios, cultura organizacional, objetivos organizacionales.

 

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes how quality management constitutes a dynamizer of the organizational culture in Tiendas Caribe División Norte. To achieve a good level of quality and organizational culture, it is not only necessary to have professionals trained in these issues, but to establish a culture that enables and, above all, motivates the adoption of certain values in all departments of the organization, so it is important to identify training needs to strengthen and improve organizational skills and competencies, improving productivity and thus meet the organizational objectives. The objective of the research is to elaborate a system of training actions to contribute to the strengthening of shared values, quality and organizational culture in the workers of the Caribe North Division Chain of Stores.

Keywords:

Quality of services, organizational culture, organizational objectives.
Weeds in apple orchards and their control
Authors: Šikuljak Danijela , Anđelković Ana , Janković Snežana , Marisavljević Dragana , Đurović Sanja , Vrbničanin Sava
Published: December 2022

Floristic composition of the weed community in apple orchards differs, depending on the type of management - extensive or intensive. In extensive orchards, weedy-ruderal-grassland species are dominant. On the other hands, in intensive orchards the inter-row can be dominated by annual (therophyte) weed species, if mechanically cultivated, or grass species, if grasses are used as cover crops, while the rows are dominated by perennial weed species (geophytes, hemicryptophytes). The floristic composition of the weed communities is also dependent on the age of the orchard. In younger orchards row crop weeds are dominant, while as the orchard ages, the community gets a more weedy-ruderal-grassland character. The most common weed species in apple orchards in Serbia are: Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Carduus acanthoides, Cynodon dactylon, Erigeron canadensis, Hordeum murinum, Lamium purpureum, L. amplexicaule, Medicago lupulina, Setaria spp., Stellaria media, Stenactis annua, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale, Veronica spp. and Vicia spp. Weed control in apple orchards can be done using agrotechnical (soil cultivation), physical (mowing, mulching), thermic, chemical, biological measures, and by growing cover crops. In practice, weed control in apple orchards is dominantly done by herbicides, based on the following active substances: napropamide, glyphosate, 2.4D, flazasulfuron, flurochloridone, cycloxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diquat, fluroxypyr-meptyl, and pyraflufen-ethyl. Given that nowadays the production of healthy and safe food is an imperative, also demanded by the international market, it is expected that bioproducts will be prioritized over classical synthetic herbicides. Moreover, non-chemical measures are also becoming more important as part of integral weed control measures of weeds in apple orchards.
Theoretical conceptualization of entrepreneurship
Authors: Bučalina Matić , Pejović Biljana
Published: December 2022

Entrepreneurship should not be associated only with a certain organizational unit, form, ownership structure or phase of the company's life cycle, because it is present wherever there is an initiative to introduce innovations and take risks as new challenges and opportunities. This paper presents the historical development of entrepreneurship, the meaning of the term and different theoretical approaches, depending on the period of observation, as well as the authors who dealt with entrepreneurship. In order to fully understand the concept of entrepreneurship as a business activity, the postulates of classical economic schools and contemporary thoughts on entrepreneurship are pointed out. The ways of performing entrepreneurial activity, then and now, are also presented. It is concluded that entrepreneurship has long been a new sector of the modern economy, a new economic category that leads to the creation and application of new strategies in business and the marketing of new products and services to existing or new markets.
Influence of biopolymer coatings on the storage stability of osmotically dehydrated mushrooms
Authors: Šuput Danijela , Filipović Vladimir , Lončar Biljana , Nićetin Milica , Knežević Violeta , Lazarević Jasmina , Plavšić Dragana , Popović Senka , Hromiš Nevena
Published: December 2022

The main aim of this research was to apply biopolymer coatings on osmotically dehydrated mushrooms and monitor their quality during storage. Mushrooms were osmotically dehydrated in sugar beet molasses (80% dry matter) under optimized conditions (45 °C for 5 hours), as previously reported elsewhere. Two different biopolymers were chosen: chitosan, a polysaccharide polymer, and zein, a protein polymer. A non-treated mushroom sample was chosen as a control sample. The mushroom samples were analysed for sugar and protein content, as well as water loss and microbiological profile. An increase in sugar content was the most noticeable in the osmotically dehydrated mushrooms compared to the control sample due to the use of molasses as a hypertonic solution. The contribution of used biopolymer coatings to the sugar and protein content of the coated and osmotically treated mushrooms was negligible. Chitosan coating contributed to better storage stability of treated mushrooms by lowering the moisture loss and microbial count. For this reason, chitosan treated sample was chosen for further examination related to the evaluation of its baking potential as a filling in a traditional stuffed pie-like layered bakery product - burek. Burek was stuffed with fresh mushrooms, osmotically treated mushrooms or osmotically treated mushrooms coated with chitosan. The sensorial assessment proved that control burek and burek samples with osmotically dehydrated mushrooms coated with chitosan were the most preferred groups based on odour and overall impression.
Review of occurrence of mycotoxins in Serbian food items in the period from 2005 to 2022
Authors: Živančev Jelena , Antić Igor , Buljovčić Maja , Bulut Sandra , Kocić-Tanackov Sunčica
Published: December 2022

This paper aimed to review the publications on mycotoxins' presence in cereals and foodstuffs originated from the Serbian market covering the period from 2005 to 2022. The review covers all the important steps in mycotoxins analysis including sampling, sample preparation, instrumental analysis, and concentration ranges in which the mycotoxins were found. Also, the results were interpreted from the European Union regulation point of view. The review emphasizes the importance of multi-mycotoxins analysis for determining the simultaneous presence of mycotoxins that can negatively affect the Serbian human population. The most frequently used instrumental technique in the mycotoxin analysis of Serbian products was the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay followed by the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Most of the studies undertaken in Serbia until now investigated a few groups of matrices such as wheat, maize, milk, and dairy products. Only a few studies involved specific matrices such as nuts, dried fruits, biscuits, cookies, and spices. The review showed that contamination of milk and dairy products with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), occurred at the very beginning of 2013, was the major health issue related to the population health. The contamination of milk and dairy products with the AFM1 was a consequence of maize contamination with aflatoxins which occurred in the year 2012, characterized by drought conditions. The studies dealing with the analysis of masked and emerging mycotoxins are rare and more attention should be paid to monitoring the presence of these types of mycotoxins in foodstuffs from Serbia.
European and national elements in the realizations of Belgrade architect Dušan Živanović (1853-1937)
Authors: Andrić Dunja
Published: December 2022

The subject of this research is the architectural work of the Belgrade architect Dušan Živanović (1853-1937), with the primary focus being placed upon a systematic analysis of European and National elements, their (inter-)relationships and parallel (co-)existence within it. A review of Živanović's works, with individual descriptions and stylistic analyses of key objects, and placing an emphasis on his sacral opus, contributes to its necessary valorization, while at the same time helping to formulate a clearer and more complete picture of its positioning on the domestic architectural scene and its role in the emancipation and development of the architecture of Belgrade and Serbia. Attention is further paid to the explication of the politico-historical and socio-cultural framework in which Živanović lived and worked, with this being utilized as an analytical subtext of the primary subject of study. The methodological framework of this study adopts a synthesis of the biographical and historiographical approaches, with sporadic comparative analyses. Relying on previous research, as well as primary and secondary sources, this study aims to potentially deepen and complement existing analyses, and open up a number of new perspectives and issues that will lead to further elucidation of the topic. This work further presents itself as an important contribution to studies on the Belgrade architectural scene and the distinction and recognition of the dominant creative impulses of the capital and its architects in the design of buildings throughout the Serbian interior.
Review of the laboratory for study, valorization, protection and presentation of cultural heritage at the University of Belgrade: Faculty of Architecture
Authors: Roter-Blagojević Mirjana , Nikolić Marko
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to present the goals, methods and content of the newly established Laboratory for the study, valorization, protection and presentation of cultural heritage at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Architecture. The laboratory has been established with the goal of enabling the study of different types of cultural heritage, as well as modern theories, methods and recommendations for its preservation and presentation. The aim is to connect theoretical knowledge related to methods of studying, valorizing and protecting heritage with practical work through individual or group research projects. Through a process of project formulation, conception and development, researchers are able to master knowledge related to the analysis, valorization and proposal of measures of modern protection, presentation, management and revitalization of historic buildings and urban structures. Through research, different theoretical approaches and methods of studying, valuing, protecting and presenting cultural heritage are examined, in order to harmonize them with the concepts of sustainable development, preservation of historical character, authenticity and integrity of natural, intangible and built heritage. The ultimate goal is to develop critical thinking and independent decision-making, based on the application of modern international recommendations and concepts, in order to emphasize the universal and specific characteristics of cultural heritage, as well as to improve its preservation through modern presentation and use.
Some physical properties of taro cocoyam relevant to the design of its processing machines
Authors: Ubong Edet , Tosin Paul
Published: December 2022

Information on physical properties of cocoyam is essential for efficient development of equipment / machines for its processing. In this work, some physical properties of Taro Cocoyam (Colocassia esculenta) were investigated using standard engineering principles. The results revealed that average length, width, thickness and unit mass obtained at the sample moisture content of 70.50 ± 3.8% (w.b.) were 63.67 ± 12.91 mm, 31.88 ± 5.99 mm, 34.27 ± 6.12 mm and 52.65 ± 22.59g, respectively. The values of computed geometric mean, arithmetic mean, square mean and equivalent diameters were 40.88 ± 6.55 mm, 43.27 ± 6.79 mm, 41.88 ± 6.62 mm and 42.01 ± 6.65 mm, respectively. The value of the sample distribution skewness was -0.29. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, solid density, bulk density, porosity and angle of repose were 0.55 ±0.13 (dec.), 65.46 ±10.26%, 5384.85 ±1646.64 mm2 , 38449.90 ±16926.30 mm3 , 0.0014 ± 0.0003 g / mm3 , 0.00085 ± 0.00015 g / mm3 , 60.7 ± 8.40% and 32.15 ± 4.510 , respectively. The coefficient of static friction on plywood, glass and galvanized iron surfaces were 0.22 ± 0.045, 0.15 ± 0.045 and 0.19± 0.046, respectively. The values of coefficient of variation for all the parameters, except unit mass, were low. This implies that the data were uniformly dispersed around their average values.
Major vascular surgery in the geriatric population: Cardiac risk stratification
Authors: Perić Velimir , Stošić Marija , Stojanović Dalibor , Lilić Jelena , Nikolić Nemanja , Lazović Lela , Spasić Dimitrije , Stojanović Stefan , Lazarević Milan
Published: December 2022

Reliance on surgery, improvements in surgical techniques, and perioperative management have led to a dramatic increase in the frequency of surgical procedures in the elderly population. According to the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, major vascular surgery is defined as high-risk, considering the frequency of myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest, which is higher than 5%. Age is an independent predictor of myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. Heart function alterations are primary changes that occur with advancing age. Risk stratification represents a set of procedures that include identifying chronic systemic diseases, determining their severity, stability and the need for further evaluation and/or therapy optimization, with the aim of reducing perioperative and postoperative mortality and morbidity. In addition to the application of risk scores, accurate risk stratification requires the combined application of both preoperative and postoperative biomarkers. The main idea of integrating biomarkers with scoring systems is to reveal those patients with clinically unmanifested disease, who carry a mortality risk and remain undetected by scoring systems. Biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP and highly sensitive C-reactive protein, have the greatest predictive influence in geriatric vascular surgery.
Paradigmas da gestão de imunizantes: o uso de métodos quantitativos como suporte à decisão em tempos de Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Da Costa Caroline Pereira do Nascimento , Pinto Paloma Barreto dos Santos , Da Costa Renato dos Santos , Bouzada Marco Aurélio Carino
Published: December 2022

O Estado do Rio de Janeiro chegou a ser considerado o de maior taxa de letalidade, com uma morte a cada 20 infectados pelo “novo vírus”, segundo boletins do Ministério da Saúde (BRASIL, 2021). A primeira fase da campanha de vacinação contra a doença no estado contou com apenas 488.320 doses do imunizante. Diante da escassez de recursos, os gestores públicos tiveram o desafio de priorizar a distribuição das vacinas entre faixas etárias visando minimizar os impactos da mortalidade. Com isso, tornar-se imperativo identificar a que faixa etária deveria ter sido priorizada a oferta inicial da vacina no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo da pesquisa é subsidiar com informações os problemas encontrados pela administração pública quanto a gestão de imunizantes. A área de estudo é o estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram utilizados dados dos principais sítios de observatórios epidemiológicos do estado do Rio de Janeiro no início da pandemia de covid-19, utilizando técnicas estatísticas como descrição tabular e paramétrica, medidas de tendência central, porcentagens, além do método de interpolação linear para calcular a estimativa populacional por idade. A distribuição do primeiro lote das vacinas foi simulada de modo proporcional nas respectivas faixas etárias. As variáveis de estudo foram vidas salvas e anos salvos, sendo realizadas simulações de 81 cenários e distribuindo as vacinas dentre as 10 possíveis faixas etárias. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que ao concentrar a aplicação de vacinas disponíveis na população mais idosa, obtém-se maior quantidade de vidas salvas, independente da eficácia do imunizante. Quanto a variável anos salvos, percebe-se que a faixa populacional de 70 a 79 anos é a que apresenta resultado superior em relação às demais faixas etárias. Sugere-se a realização de estudos que procurem estimar de forma empírica a eficácia contra morte das vacinas disponíveis, em função a existência de uma base de dados cada vez mais robusta.
Contribuições da ciência na administração pública: a string ideal para os idosos no contexto do e-governo
Authors: Santos Maíra Rocha , Mariano Ari Melo , Gomes Marília Miranda Forte
Published: December 2022

Por meio da transformação digital os administradores públicos enxergaram novas possibilidades de otimização do trabalho, com resultados significativos para seus públicos. O valor da digitalização dos serviços governamentais é mais conhecido como e-governo. Nesse processo, contudo, apenas os benefícios de oferta do serviço estão sendo considerados deixando de fora os riscos do processo. A violação da privacidade, a fraude digital, os custos relacionados à interação digital com o governo e a exclusão de grupos vulneráveis, são alguns desses riscos. Essa pesquisa, chama a atenção para a pessoa idosa como um dos atores importantes do grupo de vulneráveis e apresenta as produções científicas acerca do idoso e sua relação com e-governo como uma das formas de auxiliar nas políticas públicas, levantando pontos sensíveis na priorização das ações. O objetivo desse estudo, portanto, é propor uma string de pesquisa adequada para ser utilizada nas bases de dados com a finalidade de se encontrar o melhor resultado de documentos quando a temática é o idoso no contexto do e-governo, comparando os resultados de pesquisa bibliométrica nas bases de dados Wos e Scopus. A string de busca proposta pelos autores, foi a que mais reportou documentos nas bases de dados com 926 resultados, superando as sugestões dos descritores controlados do DeCS com 340 e do MeSH com 647. Como limitações dessa pesquisa não foi possível identificar as duplicidades/ausências/presenças dos documentos que foram reportados em cada base pesquisada.
Una historia de idas y vueltas: los cambios en el rol del Estado y la fragmentación institucional en la educación parvularia en Chile (1960-2020)
Authors: Correa Constanza , Falabella Alejandra
Published: December 2022

Las últimas décadas de la educación parvularia en Chile ha estado marcada por un ir y venir entre la fragmentación y los intentos de articulación, regulación y estandarización del sistema. Esto ha tomado fuerza en los últimos años, a partir de la incorporación del nivel en el “Sistema de Aseguramiento para la Calidad” y la creación de la Subsecretaría e Intendencia de Educación Parvularia. El presente artículo busca comprender el modo en que se ha configurado la institucionalidad del nivel y cuál ha sido el rol del Estado en ello, mediante un análisis de las políticas públicas en educación parvularia entre los años 1960 y 2020. El estudio se realizó a partir de un análisis documental (sobre 200 documentos), complementado con entrevistas a catorce actores que participaron en el diseño y/o ejecución de la política pública en el nivel en las últimas décadas. Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la existencia de cuatro fases en las que se constata un permanente vaivén entre la regulación y desregulación del aún fragmentado sistema de educación parvularia.
Pre‐Kindergarten and Kindergarten Learners
Authors: Dubetz Nancy E. , Rofrano Frances
Published: December 2022

Insights into the nature of language learning for young multilingual learners ages 3–6 are presented followed by six pedagogical recommendations that support language learning for children in this age range.
Multilingualism With English
Authors: Erduyan Işil , Bayyurt Yasemin
Published: December 2022

The construct of multilingualism (ML) with English has been acknowledged in the field of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and, to some extent, multilingualism in applied linguistics. Implying the encompassing position of multilingualism (Jenkins, 2015), the construct has come to refer to multilingual repertoires in which English takes one part. In this sense, it differs from cases of multilingualism in which English does not exist in multilingualism repertoires. English in this construct, meanwhile, implies ELF by definition. However, this does not mean that native English speakers' multilingualism is out of the scope of this definition. Interactions involving multilingual native and non‐native speakers can be placed in this category. In this entry, Multilingualism With English will be described through its ontology and epistemology, two major pillars of scientific study.
Generalizability Theory in Testing L2 Speaking
Authors: Güvendir Meltem Acar
Published: December 2022

Assessing L2 speaking in a reliable and valid way has been a challenge in the field of L2 teaching due to the multifaceted and dynamic nature of speaking. If a speaking exam has low reliability, the test designers and conductors are expected to identify from which facets errors arise. There are different theories that are used in measuring the reliability of speaking tests. This entry will focus on why generalizability theory is a useful option in examining the reliability of L2 speaking tests and discuss how it can assist L2 teachers in identifying potential error resources and preparing reliable speaking tests.
Evaluation of deep‐learning image reconstruction for chest CT examinations at two different dose levels
Authors: Svalkvist Angelica , Fagman Erika , Vikgren Jenny , Ku Sara , Diniz Micael Oliveira , Norrlund Rauni Rossi , Johnsson Åse A.
Published: December 2022

Aims

The aims of the present study were to, for both a full‐dose protocol and an ultra‐low dose (ULD) protocol, compare the image quality of chest CT examinations reconstructed using TrueFidelity (Standard kernel) with corresponding examinations reconstructed using ASIR‐V (Lung kernel) and to evaluate if post‐processing using an edge‐enhancement filter affects the noise level, spatial resolution and subjective image quality of clinical images reconstructed using TrueFidelity.

Methods

A total of 25 patients were examined with both a full‐dose protocol and an ULD protocol using a GE Revolution APEX CT system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA). Three different reconstructions were included in the study: ASIR‐V 40%, DLIR‐H, and DLIR‐H with additional post‐processing using an edge‐enhancement filter (DLIR‐H + E2). Five observers assessed image quality in two separate visual grading characteristics (VGC) studies. The results from the studies were statistically analyzed using VGC Analyzer. Quantitative evaluations were based on determination of two‐dimensional power spectrum (PS), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and spatial resolution in the reconstructed patient images.

Results

For both protocols, examinations reconstructed using TrueFidelity were statistically rated equal to or significantly higher than examinations reconstructed using ASIR‐V 40%, but the ULD protocol benefitted more from TrueFidelity. In general, no differences in observer ratings were found between DLIR‐H and DLIR‐H + E2. For the three investigated image reconstruction methods, ASIR‐V 40% showed highest noise and spatial resolution and DLIR‐H the lowest, while the CNR was highest in DLIR‐H and lowest in ASIR‐V 40%.

Conclusion

The use of TrueFidelity for image reconstruction resulted in higher ratings on subjective image quality than ASIR‐V 40%. The benefit of using TrueFidelity was larger for the ULD protocol than for the full‐dose protocol. Post‐processing of the TrueFidelity images using an edge‐enhancement filter resulted in higher image noise and spatial resolution but did not affect the subjective image quality.
Education and conspiracy beliefs: A replication of van Prooijen (2017)
Authors: Ballová Mikušková Eva
Published: December 2022

The main aim of the study was to replicate and extend van Prooijen's findings on how education and its outcomes (cognitive complexity, subjective social standing, self‐esteem, a feeling of control and powerlessness, cognitive reflection, epistemic curiosity and scientific reasoning) predict conspiracy beliefs. In two studies (Study 1: N = 497, Mage = 49.06, SDage = 14.92; Study 2: N = 482, Mage = 47.45, SDage = 15.87), subjective socioeconomic status and cognitive reflection (Study 1) and a feeling of powerlessness and scientific reasoning (Study 2) contributed to the negative relationship between education level and belief in conspiracy theories. These results showed the connection of education to socioeconomic status, a feeling of control and analytic thinking (cognitive reflection, scientific reasoning) and their power to reduce conspiracy beliefs.
Effects of Ti2SnC MAX Phase on Microstructure, Mechanical, Electrical, and Wear Properties of Stir‐Extruded Copper Matrix Composite
Authors: Jahani Amirhossein , Jamshidi Aval Hamed , Rajabi Mohammad , Jamaati Roohollah
Published: December 2022

Herein, the effect of Ti2SnC MAX phase reinforcement and friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) parameters on the microstructure, mechanical, electrical, and tribological behavior of Cu‐Ti2SnC composite is investigated. The results indicate that, depending on the rotational speed of the extrusion process, an equiaxed grain microstructure with a uniform distribution of reinforcing particles is formed after the extrusion process. Comparing the extruded samples to the unprocessed samples reveals a larger grain size after extrusion. The absence of MAX phase particles causes the formation of finer grain size in the extruded sample. Under the influence of heat and plastic strain, a reactive layer containing a solid solution of Cu(Sn) or Cu3Sn compounds is formed at the interface of the particle and the copper matrix. By performing the extrusion process, the reactive layer at the interface is broken and scattered on the copper matrix. Furthermore, by applying MAX phase reinforcing particles and performing the extrusion process, the copper matrix's hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance increase by 128, 99, and 84%, respectively. The five vol% Ti2SnC MAX phases in the extruded copper matrix composite wire results in 7.3% reduction in electrical conductivity.
Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Increased Isotropy of 3D Printed Parts with Microcellular Structure Fabricated via a Micro‐Extrusion CO2‐Foaming Process
Authors: Zhou Mengnan , Chen Bichi , Li Yaozong , Jiang Junjie , Zhai Wentao
Published: December 2022

Compared with the cumbersome traditional manufacturing processes, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology can freely fabricate complex porous parts, but cannot produce microcellular structures, and suffers from inherent poor interfacial adhesion and anisotropy due to periodic heating. Herein, a novel micro‐extrusion CO2‐foaming process is applied in the FFF process, and foamed 3D printed polyetherimide (PEI) parts with internal microcellular structure are fabricated. The tensile strength of the foamed part with a density of 0.85 g cm−3 is 42.8 MPa, which was significantly higher than 22.6 MPa for the unfoamed counterpart. Moreover, the side length of periodic triangular voids between raster is reduced from 207 to 105 μm, and the degree of anisotropy is reduced from 79.5% to 13.8%. CO2 plasticization leads to a reduction in glass‐transition temperature and viscosity of polymer systems, and the diffusion and entanglement of interfacial molecular chains are facilitated by the increase in contact area and pressure caused by foaming and expansion. The micro‐extrusion CO2 foaming endows the 3D printed parts with lightweight, internal microcellular structure, enhanced interface bonding, and isotropic mechanical properties, which will broaden the application scopes of FFF‐3D printing technology.
Selective Triplet–Singlet Förster‐Resonance Energy Transfer for Bright Red Afterglow Emission
Authors: Sk Bahadur , Tsuru Rana , Hayashi Kikuya , Hirata Shuzo
Published: December 2022

Förster‐resonance energy transfer (FRETT‐S) from the lowest excited triplet state (T1) of a donating sensitizer to a fluorescence acceptor can be used to obtain bright room‐temperature afterglow emission at long wavelengths. However, the energy transfer from the lowest excited singlet state of the donor to the acceptor is an undesirable deactivation pathway that prevents FRETT‐S. Herein, heteroatoms in chromophores are shown to allow selective and efficient FRETT‐S for enhanced triplet emission for bright room‐temperature afterglow emission at long wavelengths. Different transition characteristics between the lowest singlet excited state and triplet states in heteroatom‐containing chromophores accelerate triplet generation, enabling near‐zero fluorescence yields. Out‐of‐plane vibrations of the heteroatoms in aromatic fused rings greatly enhance the radiative rate from T1 by a factor of 88 relative to non‐heteroatom‐containing fused chromophore. The compatibility of the near‐zero fluorescence and the enhanced triplet emission in a heteroatom‐containing fused chromophore enable selective and efficient FRETT‐S pathways, resulting in room‐temperature red afterglow emission with a yield of 17%. The bright emission at long‐wavelengths allows distinguishable, multiple spectral signals in ambient white light.
Chalcogenide‐Based Narrowband Photodetectors for Imaging and Light Communication
Authors: Xu Yalun , Li Ruiming , Bai Songxue , Li Yanyan , Jia Zhenglin , Yang Yujie , Cui Enkang , Yao Fang , Wang Du , Lei Cheng , Lin Qianqian
Published: December 2022

Chalcogenide‐based semiconductors have recently emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, mainly benefiting from their facile and low‐cost processability, chemical versatility, and tunable optoelectronic properties. Despite the recent success of chalcogenide‐based thin‐film photovoltaics, they have been barely leveraged in photodetection, mainly due to the complicated charge transport related to the trap states. In addition, most of the chalcogenide photodetectors are reported for broadband, visible photodetection, which is facile but lacks of impact for real applications. However, it is also possible to modulate the charge carrier dynamics of chalcogenide‐based materials, and devise novel devices, which can possess extra compelling features. These possibilities provide strong incentives for a detailed study on the chalcogenides‐based narrowband photodetectors, which are achieved by a filterless, charge collection narrowing strategy. The optimized narrowband photodetectors also exhibit extremely fast‐response (≈240 ns), relatively low dark current and noise, large linear dynamic range, and most importantly tunable spectral discrimination covering the whole range from UV to NIR. These devices also demonstrate great potential for imaging and communication.
Solid‐State Reaction Heterogeneity During Calcination of Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Jo Sugeun , Han Jeongwoo , Seo Sungjae , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Choi Subin , Zhang Jin , Hyun Hyejeong , Oh Juhyun , Kim Juwon , Chung Jinkyu , Kim Hwiho , Wang Jian , Bae Junho , Moon Junyeob , Park Yoon‐Cheol , Hong Moon‐Hi , Kim Miyoung , Liu Yijin , Sohn Il , Jung Keeyoung , Lim Jongwoo
Published: December 2022

During solid‐state calcination, with increasing temperature, materials undergo complex phase transitions with heterogeneous solid‐state reactions and mass transport. Precise control of the calcination chemistry is therefore crucial for synthesizing state‐of‐the‐art Ni‐rich layered oxides (LiNi1‐x‐yCoxMnyO2, NRNCM) as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Although the battery performance depends on the chemical heterogeneity during NRNCM calcination, it has not yet been elucidated. Herein, through synchrotron‐based X‐ray, mass spectrometry microscopy, and structural analyses, it is revealed that the temperature‐dependent reaction kinetics, the diffusivity of solid‐state lithium sources, and the ambient oxygen control the local chemical compositions of the reaction intermediates within a calcined particle. Additionally, it is found that the variations in the reducing power of the transition metals (i.e., Ni, Co, and Mn) determine the local structures at the nanoscale. The investigation of the reaction mechanism via imaging analysis provides valuable information for tuning the calcination chemistry and developing high‐energy/power density lithium‐ion batteries.
Coordination Polymer Electrocatalysts Enable Efficient CO‐to‐Acetate Conversion
Authors: Luo Mingchuan , Ozden Adnan , Wang Ziyun , Li Fengwang , Erick Huang Jianan , Hung Sung‐Fu , Wang Yuhang , Li Jun , Nam Dae‐Hyun , Li Yuguang C. , Xu Yi , Lu Ruihu , Zhang Shuzhen , Lum Yanwei , Ren Yang , Fan Longlong , Wang Fei , Li Hui‐hui , Appadoo Dominique , Dinh Cao‐Thang , Liu Yuan , Chen Bin , Wicks Joshua , Chen Haijie , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H.
Published: December 2022

Upgrading carbon dioxide/monoxide to multi‐carbon C2+ products using renewable electricity offers one route to more sustainable fuel and chemical production. One of the most appealing products is acetate, the profitable electrosynthesis of which demands a catalyst with higher efficiency. Here, a coordination polymer (CP) catalyst is reported that consists of Cu(I) and benzimidazole units linked via Cu(I)‐imidazole coordination bonds, which enables selective reduction of CO to acetate with a 61% Faradaic efficiency at −0.59 volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode at a current density of 400 mA cm−2 in flow cells. The catalyst is integrated in a cation exchange membrane‐based membrane electrode assembly that enables stable acetate electrosynthesis for 190 h, while achieving direct collection of concentrated acetate (3.3 molar) from the cathodic liquid stream, an average single‐pass utilization of 50% toward CO‐to‐acetate conversion, and an average acetate full‐cell energy efficiency of 15% at a current density of 250 mA cm−2.
Enhanced Moisture Stability of Lithium‐Rich Antiperovskites for Sustainable All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Feng Wuliang , Zhu Lei , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao , Wang Fei
Published: December 2022

Lithium‐rich antiperovskites (LiRAPs) solid electrolytes have attracted extensive interest due to their advantages of structural tunability, mechanical flexibility, and low cost. However, LiRAPs are instinctively hygroscopic and suffer from decomposition in air, which not only diversifies their electrochemical performances in present reports but also hinders their application in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, the origin of the hygroscopicity, and also the effect of the hygroscopicity on the electrochemical performances of Li3−x(OHx)Cl are systematically investigated. Li3−x(OHx)Cl is demonstrated to be unstable in the air and prone to decompose into LiOH and LiCl. Nevertheless, with fluorine doping on chlorine sites, the hygroscopicity of LiRAPs is suppressed by weakening the intermolecular hydrogen bond between LiRAPs and H2O, forming a moisture‐resistive Li3−x(OHx)Cl0.9F0.1. Taking advantage of its low melting point (274 °C), two prototypes of ASSLBs are assembled in the ambient air by means of co‐coating sintering and melt‐infiltration. With LiRAPs as the solder, low‐temperature sintering of the ASSLBs with low interfacial resistance is demonstrated as feasible. The understanding of the hygroscopic behavior of LiRAPs and the integration of the moisture‐resistive LiRAPs with ASSLBs provide an effective way toward the fabrication of the ASSLBs.
Trace Analysis of Multiple Tumor Exosomal PD‐L1 Based on SERS Immunoassay Platform
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Yi Kezhen , Zhang Wuwen , Huang Chaoning , Dong Shilian , Wang Fubing , Xiao Xiangheng
Published: December 2022

Immunotherapy has received wide attention in recent years as a new avenue for the effective treatment of cancer. However, due to the lack of detection limit and sensitivity of immune checkpoint molecule (such as Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD‐L1) in established clinical methods, the immunotherapy evaluation during anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 (Programmed cell death receptor 1) treatment is difficult to be guided accurately. In this study, a highly sensitive and maneuverable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)‐based immunoassay platform is developed for the analysis of exosomal PD‐L1, a highly potential biomarker for immunotherapy. Excellent detection of exosomal PD‐L1 with good linear fit over a wide concentration range is achieved. In addition, the detection and discrimination of exosomal PD‐L1 in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and healthy controls are successfully achieved. Moreover, the platform has also been successfully used to distinguish common diseases, cancer, and healthy control (such as liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, and normal individuals). The detection platform can be successfully used for the trace detection of PD‐L1 on exosomes, which has excellent potential for clinical development in cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines.