bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive Removal of Carbamazepine and Diatrizoate in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Amended Sand Column Mimicing Managed Aquifer Recharge
Authors: Yoon Soon , Mahanty Biswanath , Kim Chang
Published: April 2017

The sorption–desorption of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in sand/soil columns can be used to infer performance of managed aquifer recharge. Removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diatrizoate (DTZ) from synthetic wastewater, containing 100 µg·L−1 of each pharmaceuticals, was studied in recirculating sand columns amended with uncoated or methacrylic acid (MAA) coated magnetite nanoparticles. Removal of CBZ and DTZ in MAA-magnetite column (68.34% and 61.91%, respectively) was much higher than that with uncoated magnetite (53.47% and 50.26%, respectively). Rapid decrease of dissolved organic carbon concentrations across nanoparticle amended columns (between 42.28% and 50.08% on Day 1), followed by slow recuperation suggests adsorption–desorption dynamics and competition of dissolved organic matter for sorption sites. Core-level binding energy and charge analysis for Fe(2s) and O(1s) in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests involvement of physisorption process on the NP surfaces.
Study on Variations in Climatic Variables and Their Influence on Runoff in the Manas River Basin, China
Authors: Ren Lei , Xue Lian-qing , Liu Yuan-hong , Shi Jia , Han Qiang , Yi Peng-fei
Published: April 2017

Climate change in Northwest China could lead to the change of the hydrological cycle and water resources. This paper assessed the influence of climate change on runoff in the Manas River basin as follows. First, the temporal trends and abrupt change points of runoff, precipitation, and mean, lowest and highest temperature in yearly scale during the period of 1961–2015 were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Then the correlation between runoff and climatic variables was characterized in a monthly, seasonal and yearly scale using the partial correlation method. Furthermore, three global climate models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were bias-corrected using Equidistant Cumulative Distribution Functions (EDCDF) method to reveal the future climate change during the period from 2021 to 2060 compared with the baseline period of 1961–2000. The influence of climate change on runoff was studied by simulating the runoff with the GCMs using a modified TOPMODEL considering the future snowmelt during the period from 2021 to 2060. The results showed that the runoff, precipitation, and mean, lowest and highest temperature all presented an increasing trend in yearly scale during the period of 1961–2015, and their abrupt change points were at a similar time; the runoff series was more strongly related to temperature than to precipitation in the spring, autumn and yearly scales, and the opposite was true in winter. All GCMs projected precipitation and temperature, and the runoff simulated with these GCMs were predicted to increase in the period from 2021 to 2060 compared with the baseline period of 1961–2000. These findings provide valuable information for assessing the influence of climate change on water resources in the Manas River basin, and references for water management in such regions.
Qatar Exoplanet Survey : Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b
Authors: Alsubai Khalid , Mislis Dimitris , Tsvetanov Zlatan I. , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Buchhave Lars A. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Bramich D. M. , Pyrzas Stylianos , Vilchez Nicolas P. E. , Mancini Luigi , Southworth John , Evans Daniel F. , Henning Thomas , Ciceri Simona
Published: April 2017

We report the discovery of Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b, three new transiting planets identified by the Qatar Exoplanet Survey. The three planets belong to the hot Jupiter family, with orbital periods of

 = 2.50792 days,

 = 1.80539 days, and

 = 2.87923 days. Follow-up spectroscopic observations reveal the masses of the planets to be

 = 4.31 ± 0.47

,

 = 6.10 ± 0.54

, and

 = 4.32 ± 0.18

, while model fits to the transit light curves yield radii of

 = 1.096 ± 0.14

,

 = 1.135 ± 0.11

, and

 = 1.107 ± 0.064

. The host stars are low-mass main sequence stars with masses and radii M
Q3 = 1.145 ± 0.064 M
⊙, M
Q4 = 0.896 ± 0.048 M
⊙, M
Q5 = 1.128 ± 0.056 M
⊙ and R
Q3 = 1.272 ± 0.14 R
⊙, R
Q4 = 0.849 ± 0.063 R
⊙, and R
Q5 = 1.076 ± 0.051 R
⊙ for Qatar-3, 4, and 5 respectively. The V magnitudes of the three host stars are V
Q3 = 12.88, V
Q4 = 13.60, and V
Q5 = 12.82. All three new planets can be classified as heavy hot Jupiters (M > 4 M
J).
The Greater Taurus–Auriga Ecosystem. I. There is a Distributed Older Population
Authors: Kraus Adam L. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Mann Andrew W. , Slesnick Catherine L. , Carpenter John M. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Mamajek Eric E.
Published: April 2017

The census of Taurus–Auriga has been assembled over seven decades and inherited the biases and incompleteness of the input studies. The unusual shape of its inferred initial mass function (IMF) and the existence of isolated disk-bearing stars suggest that additional (likely disk-free) members remain to be discovered. We therefore have begun a global reassessment of the census of Taurus–Auriga that exploits new data and better definitions of youth and kinematic membership. As a first step, we reconsider the membership of all disk-free candidate members from the literature with spectral type ≥F0,

, and

. We combine data from the literature with Keck/HIRES and UH88/SNIFS spectra to test the membership of these candidates using the positions in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram, proper motions, radial velocities, Hα, lithium, and surface gravity. We find 218 confirmed or likely Taurus members, 160 confirmed or likely interlopers, and only 18 that lack sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions. A significant fraction of these stars (81/218 = 37%) are not included in the most recent canonical member lists. There are few additional members to the immediate vicinity of the molecular clouds, preserving the IMFs that have been deemed anomalous in past work. Many of the likely Taurus members are instead distributed broadly across the search area. When combined with the known disk hosts, our updated census reveals two regimes: a high-density population with a high disk fraction (indicative of youth) that broadly traces the molecular clouds, and a low-density population with low disk fraction (hence likely older) that most likely represents previous generations of star formation.
New Physical Insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a Comprehensive Observational Inventory at X-Ray Wavelengths
Authors: Auchettl Katie , Guillochon James , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: April 2017

We perform a comprehensive study of the X-ray emission from 70 transient sources that have been classified as tidal disruption events (TDEs) in the literature. We explore the properties of these candidates, using nearly three decades of X-ray observations to quantify their properties and characteristics. We find that the emission from X-ray TDEs increase by two to three orders of magnitude, compared to pre-flare constraints. These emissions evolve significantly with time, and decay with power-law indices that are typically shallower than the canonical t
−5/3 decay law, implying that X-ray TDEs are viscously delayed. These events exhibit enhanced (relative to galactic) column densities and are quite soft in nature, with no strong correlation between the amount of detected soft and hard emission. At their peak, jetted events have an X-ray to optical ratio ≫1, whereas non-jetted events have a ratio ∼1, which suggests that these events undergo reprocessing at different rates. X-ray TDEs have long T
90 values, consistent with what would be expected from a viscously driven accretion disk formed by the disruption of a main-sequence star by a black hole with a mass <107
M
⊙. The isotropic luminosities of X-ray TDEs are bimodal, such that jetted and non-jetted events are separated by a “reprocessing valley” that we suggest is naturally populated by optical/UV TDEs that most likely produce X-rays, but this emission is “veiled” from observations due to reprocessing. Our results suggest that non-jetted X-ray TDEs likely originate from partial disruptions and/or disruptions of low-mass stars.
Spatially Offset Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Triggering in Galaxy Mergers
Authors: Barrows R. Scott , Comerford Julia M. , Greene Jenny E. , Pooley David
Published: April 2017

Galaxy mergers are likely to play a role in triggering active galactic nuclei (AGNs), but the conditions under which this process occurs are poorly understood. In Paper I, we constructed a sample of spatially offset X-ray AGNs that represent galaxy mergers hosting a single AGN. In this paper, we use our offset AGN sample to constrain the parameters that affect AGN observability in galaxy mergers. We also construct dual-AGN samples with similar selection properties for comparison. We find that the offset AGN fraction shows no evidence for a dependence on AGN luminosity, while the dual-AGN fractions show stronger evidence for a positive dependence, suggesting that the merger events forming dual AGNs are more efficient at instigating accretion onto supermassive black holes than those forming offset AGNs. We also find that the offset and dual-AGN fractions both have a negative dependence on nuclear separation and are similar in value at small physical scales. This dependence may become stronger when restricted to high AGN luminosities, although a larger sample is needed for confirmation. These results indicate that the probability of AGN triggering increases at later merger stages. This study is the first to systematically probe down to nuclear separations of <1 kpc (∼0.8 kpc) and is consistent with predictions from simulations that AGN observability peaks in this regime. We also find that the offset AGNs are not preferentially obscured compared to the parent AGN sample, suggesting that our selection may be targeting galaxy mergers with relatively dust-free nuclear regions.
ALMA Observations of the Interaction of a Radio Jet with Molecular Gas in Minkowski's Object
Authors: Lacy Mark , Croft Steve , Fragile Chris , Wood Sarah , Nyland Kristina
Published: April 2017

We use the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to detect and image CO (1-0) emission from Minkowski’s Object, a dwarf galaxy in the cluster Abell 194 that is interacting with a radio jet from a nearby elliptical galaxy. The ALMA observations, which are the first to detect molecular gas in Minkowski’s Object, also image the high-frequency continuum emission from the radio jet, allowing us to study the interaction in detail. We estimate the range in the mass of molecular gas in Minkowski’s Object assuming two different values of the ratio of the molecular gas mass to the CO luminosity,

. For the Milky Way value of

we obtain a molecular gas mass of

, 6% of the H I gas mass. We also use the prescription of Narayanan et al. (2012) to estimate an

, in which case we obtain

, 36% of the H I mass. The observations are consistent with previous claims of star formation being induced in Minkowski’s Object via the passage of the radio jet, and it therefore being a rare local example of positive feedback from an active galactic nucleus. In particular, we find highly efficient star formation, with gas depletion timescales

year (for assumed values of

and

, respectively) in the upstream regions of Minkowski’s Object that were struck first by the jet, and less efficient star formation downstream. We discuss the implications of this observation for models of jet-induced star formation and radio-mode feedback in massive galaxies.
Evolução da Fotogrametria no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Daniel Carneiro
Published: April 2017

O desenvolvimento da fotogrametria no início e meados do século XX, em câmeras, equipamentos de restituição e aeronaves teve grande impulso devido às duas grandes guerras, e na décadas seguintes pelo ganho em produtividade no mapeamento de grandes áreas em comparação com outros métodos de levantamentos. No caso do Brasil é significativo o fato que tenha acompanhado de perto aquele desenvolvimento ocorrido no exterior e até mesmo tenha sido pioneiro em alguns levantamentos com as mais novas tecnologias então disponíveis. Este artigo apresenta um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da fotogrametria no mundo e ao mesmo tempo tenta ligar os fatos com as diversas experiências brasileiras, executadas com a participação direta de entidades públicas e privadas, principalmente ao longo de todo século XX. Finalmente discute as mudanças de conceitos e paradigmas introduzidos pela nova fotogrametria digital altamente automatizada.
Espacialização de sesquióxidos de ferro (Goethita e Hematita) em mancha de solo exposto por meio de sensoriamento remoto hiperespectral
Authors: Almeida Charles Dayler Silva de , Baptista Gustavo Macedo de Mello , Almeida Tati De
Published: April 2017

Métodos convencionais para caracterização de solos são caros e demorados, o que abre espaço para novas técnicas, como o sensoriamento remoto. O objetivo do presente trabalho é testar o potencial do sensor Hyperion na espacialização de goethita e hematita em latossolos e testar a interferência de dois corretores atmosféricos nos valores obtidos. As imagens receberam três pré-processamentos: 1) dados brutos; 2) exclusão de bandas ruidosas; e 3) destriping. Após o pré-processamento realizou-se a análise por componentes principais, bem como correção atmosférica pelos métodos QUAC e FLAASH. Posteriormente foi escolhido um local de estudo para a coleta de amostras georreferenciadas e sua análise de cor pela carta de Munsell. Os dados foram espacializados com uso do Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF), calculando-se o índice RHGtscale para a imagem. O pré-processamento que apresentou o melhor resultado foi a exclusão de bandas ruidosas, servindo de base para os processamentos posteriores. O índice RHGtscale obtido sob a cena corrigida com QUAC apresentou dados coerentes com a variabilidade de cores observada em campo. Novos trabalhos devem ser incentivados para melhor explorar a potencialidade do sensor Hyperion em estudos mineralógicos.
Sociabilité et rapport au voisinage dans les familles homo et hétéroparentales
Authors: Geay Bertrand , Humeau Pierig
Published: April 2017

Basé sur l’exploitation de deux études longitudinales quantitatives ( elfe et devhom ) et d’une étude longitudinale qualitative (Génération 2011), cet article interroge le rapport à l’environnement social et les pratiques de sociabilité dans les familles homo et hétéroparentales. On analyse en particulier en quoi les homoparents se rapprochent ou se distinguent des hétéroparents en matière de sociabilité amicale, de pratiques de sorties et de perception du quartier et du voisinage. À partir d’analyses multivariées, il s’agit ainsi de comprendre quelques aspects des logiques selon lesquelles se construit le style de vie des parents et comment il trouve son prolongement dans un style éducatif. À caractéristiques sociales et sexe équivalents, des écarts s’observent entre les deux populations, pointant ainsi leurs spécificités.
Le moment adolescent
Authors: Chaboudez Gisèle
Published: April 2017

L’adolescence n’est pas seulement la reviviscence de l’Œdipe dans un nouveau corps sexuel. Elle est aussi ce qui prend de plein fouet la découverte de l’absence du « rapport sexuel », dans toutes ses dimensions. Et qui conclut parfois brutalement.
L’esseulement du sujet
Authors: Delhommeau Laurent
Published: April 2017

Nous tentons ici de définir les limites de l’adolescence : ce qui l’introduit et ce qui la clôt, avant d’explorer le besoin d’être utile à l’adolescence, pour achever sur quelques considérations sur les spécificités d’un accueil institutionnel des adolescents psychotiques.
L’adolescent seul n’existe pas
Authors: Terral-Vidal Marie
Published: April 2017

Pour des adolescents et des familles en défaut de symbolisation, lorsque l’abord institutionnel n’est pas possible, la construction d’un lien de travail entre plusieurs thérapeutes s’avérera souvent nécessaire. Il s’agit de construire en ambulatoire une constellation transférentielle.
Tous les traumas sont vrais
Authors: Rafis Vincent
Published: April 2017

À travers l’étude de plusieurs moments vécus et surmontés en compagnie d’une patiente gravement traumatisée, nous réfléchirons aux façons dont l’analyste, pour suppléer la perte objectale prématurément éprouvée par l’analysant, se doit de régresser jusqu’aux « aires de mort » ayant grevé chez lui tout sens et toute pensée. Transfert et contre-transfert sont les deux versants de cette scène d’interpellation – scène émotionnellement chargée, où chacun déroute l’autre depuis son histoire propre, le dépossède puis le rend à lui-même via son inconscient ranimé. Où nous verrons aussi que certains accidents, surgis des défenses de l’analyste, peuvent être ressaisis en un geste de foi qui redonne crédit au fond de vérité que recèle, en séance, la parole donnée.
Primera cita de Cylindropuntia kleiniae (DC.) F. M. Knuth en la península ibérica
Authors: Guillot D.
Published: April 2017

Se cita por vez primera en la península ibérica Cylindropuntia kleiniae.
Differences in Breeding Bird Assemblages Related to Reed Canary Grass Cover and Forest Structure on the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Kirsch Eileen M. , Gray Brian R.
Published: April 2017

Floodplain forest of the Upper Mississippi River provides habitat for an abundant and diverse breeding bird community. However, reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea invasion is a serious threat to the future condition of this forest. Reed canary grass is a well-known aggressive invader of wetland systems in the northern tier states of the conterminous United States. Aided by altered flow regimes and nutrient inputs from agriculture, reed canary grass has formed dense stands in canopy gaps and forest edges, retarding tree regeneration. We sampled vegetation and breeding birds in Upper Mississippi River floodplain forest edge and interior areas to 1) measure reed canary grass cover and 2) evaluate whether the breeding bird assemblage responded to differences in reed canary grass cover. Reed canary grass was found far into forest interiors, and its cover was similar between interior and edge sites. Bird assemblages differed between areas with more or less reed canary grass cover (>53% cover breakpoint). Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas, black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus, and rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus were more common and American redstart Setophaga ruticilla, great crested flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus, and Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula were less common in sites with more reed canary grass cover. Bird diversity and abundance were similar between sites with different reed canary grass cover. A stronger divergence in bird assemblages was associated with ground cover <15%, resulting from prolonged spring flooding. These sites hosted more prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea, but they had reduced bird abundance and diversity compared to other sites. Our results indicate that frequently flooded sites may be important for prothonotary warblers and that bird assemblages shift in response to reed canary grass invasion.
De l’exposition au livre d’art
Authors: Lin Chi-Ming
Published: April 2017

The History of Photography par Beaumont Newhall, conservateur fondateur du département de la Photographie du MoMA de New York, est l’ouvrage représentatif du paradigme moderniste de l’écriture de l’histoire de la photographie. L’article retrace d’abord comment cet important ouvrage, né d’un catalogue d’exposition, a évolué au fil des cinq éditions successives. La sélection et l’emplacement des images constituent un autre volet du travail de Newhall ; la place emblématique des œuvres d’Alfred Stieglitz dans les différentes éditions du livre dévoile des stratégies et des pensées qui posent l’auteur de cette Histoire en figure de « curator » (commissaire d’exposition). La fin de l’article propose de remplacer le modèle de génétique textuelle par un « modèle exposition », afin de mieux tenir compte du rôle de l’iconographie et du travail déterminant du commissaire-historien dans la genèse de ce type d’ouvrage.
Recyclages photographiques
Authors: Crestey Muriel Berthou
Published: April 2017

En quoi les processus de reprises d’images peuvent-ils générer des formes d’invention en photographie ? L’étude du phénomène de « recyclage photographique » suppose de réaliser un dossier de genèse en repérant les phases de création qui répondent à des protocoles variés : recadrages, photomontages, recollages, reprises ou accumulation d’images et manipulations dont il s’agit de retracer la chronologie. Les raisons de ces réinvestissements sont multiples (hommage, critique, mode d’expérimentation plastique…). La nature des images reprises est variable (carte postale, image vernaculaire ou chef-d’œuvre). Les moyens utilisés permettent d’aborder différentes procédures, allant du « copier-coller » à l’« autoplagiat », en passant par la juxtaposition d’images, le recyclage technique, technologique, matériel et littéral, voire théorique. Les archives deviennent un vivier créatif. Ces stratagèmes ouvrent la voie à des modes opératoires de déplacement, de citation, de transposition et de passages successifs d’un référent à l’autre.
Inquiétante étrangeté et expérience du corps dans Si c’est un homme de Primo Levi
Authors: Munaro Béatrice
Published: April 2017

Le camp de concentration, sursaut de l’inédit dans l’Histoire, crée un séisme ontologique chez le déporté. L’arrivée au Lager décrite par Primo Levi dans Si c’est un homme présente des effets d’Unheimliche (« inquiétante étrangeté ») tant dans la corporéité que dans l’écriture. De la métamorphose brutale du corps du détenu naissent de nouvelles formes de représentation de soi et des évènements, qui s’illustrent à travers une narration objective, presque détachée, déréalisant le discours. L’illusion d’une mise en scène, latente, sert de tremplin à une théâtralisation du récit, qui bouleverse les limites entre réalité et imaginaire, pour finalement mieux dénoncer l’ébranlement des structures rationnelles engendré par le camp de concentration.
Hybrid Wavelet-Neuro-Fuzzy Systems of Computational Intelligence in Data Mining Tasks
Authors: Bodyanskiy Yevgeniy , Vynokurova Olena , Tyshchenko Oleksii
Published: April 2017

This work is devoted to synthesis of adaptive hybrid systems based on the Computational Intelligence (CI) methods (especially artificial neural networks (ANNs)) and the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) ideas to get new qualitative results in Data Mining, Intelligent Control and other scientific areas. The GMDH-artificial neural networks (GMDH-ANNs) are currently well-known. Their nodes are two-input N-Adalines. On the other hand, these ANNs can require a considerable number of hidden layers for a necessary approximation quality. Introduced Q-neurons can provide a higher quality using the quadratic approximation. Their main advantage is a high learning rate. Universal approximating properties of the GMDH-ANNs can be achieved with the help of compartmental R-neurons representing a two-input RBFN with the grid partitioning of the input variables' space. An adjustment procedure of synaptic weights as well as both centers and receptive fields is provided. At the same time, Epanechnikov kernels (their derivatives are linear to adjusted parameters) can be used instead of conventional Gauss functions in order to increase a learning process rate. More complex tasks deal with stochastic time series processing. This kind of tasks can be solved with the help of the introduced adaptive W-neurons (wavelets). Learning algorithms are characterized by both tracking and smoothing properties based on the quadratic learning criterion. Robust algorithms which eliminate an influence of abnormal outliers on the learning process are introduced too. Theoretical results are illustrated by multiple experiments that confirm the proposed approach's effectiveness.
New Mechanisms to Enhance the Performances of Arabic Text Recognition System
Authors: Amara Marwa , Zidi Kamel
Published: April 2017

The recognition of a character begins with analyzing its form and extracting the features that will be exploited for the identification. Primitives can be described as a tool to distinguish an object of one class from another object of another class. It is necessary to define the significant primitives during the development of an optical character recognition system. Primitives are defined by experience or by intuition. Several primitives can be extracted while some are irrelevant or redundant. The size of vector primitives can be large if a large number of primitives are extracted including redundant and irrelevant features. As a result, the performance of the recognition system becomes poor, and as the number of features increases, so does the computing time. Feature selection, therefore, is required to ensure the selection of a subset of features that gives accurate recognition and has low computational overhead. We use feature selection techniques to improve the discrimination capacity of the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNNs).
UMA COMPREENSÃO PSICANALÍTICA ACERCA DO PROCESSO DE LUTO NA SEPARAÇÃO AMOROSA
Authors: Coca Ohara De Souza , Salles Rodrigo Jorge , Granado Laura Carmilo
Published: April 2017

A separação amorosa é vivida como uma experiência de morte em vida, na qual o indivíduo precisa passar pelo processo de luto para que dê sentido à perda. Este trabalho teve como objetivos principais compreender e analisar o processo de luto diante da separação amorosa, sob uma perspectiva psicanalítica, e, como objetivos específicos, identificar o tipo de escolha objetal (anaclítica/ narcísica) dos indivíduos; verificar se houve algum tipo de amparo no decorrer do processo; e analisar os sentimentos existentes após a separação amorosa. Para isso, seis participantes foram submetidos a uma entrevista semiestruturada, sendo os dados analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, identificamos a presença de ambas as escolhas objetais, com predominância da escolha narcísica nos mais jovens; que o processo de luto possibilitou mudanças e transformações; encontramos amparo familiar, de amigos, espiritual e psicológico; e os participantes apresentaram maior individualidade após o rompimento. Levantamos a hipótese de que o sofrimento, ocasionado pelo fim do relacionamento, gere como defesa o distanciamento de outro que poderia vir a ser um novo objeto de amor. No processo de elaboração do luto é possível introjetar as partes boas do objeto amado, que são integradas ao ego. Dessa forma, os aspectos bons passam a fazer parte do sujeito, que pode aceitar a perda. Destacamos que mais estudos se fazem necessários sobre a temática específica.
Study of Sleep Disorders among Young Children Using Hindi Translated and Validated Version of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Ali Ramjan , Verma Sunanda , Joshi Kriti , Dhyani Mohan , Bhasin Kanchan , Bhasin Neha , Goyal Jatin
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among children aging between 4 and 9 years using Hindi version of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Methods: This study had two parts first, translation and validation of PSQ into Hindi language, and second, assessment of the prevalence of sleep disorders using PSQ Hindi version. Hindi PSQ was distributed in randomly chosen primary schools in a semi-urban area. The children were requested to get them filled by their parents. When the questionnaires were returned, responses were analyzed. Results: Most of the items of the Hindi version had perfect agreement with original questionnaire in a bilingual population (κ =1). Totally, 435 children were included in the field study having average age of 6.3 years. Obstructive sleep apnea was reported in 7.5% children; symptoms suggestive of restless legs syndrome were reported by 2%–3%; teeth grinding by 13.9% and sleep talking by 22.6% children. Conclusion: PSQ Hindi version is a validated tool to screen for sleep disorders among children. Sleep disorders are fairly prevalent among young children in India.
Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width Level in Patients with Panic Disorder
Authors: Ransing Ramdas Sarjerao , Patil Bharat , Grigo Omityah
Published: April 2017

Background: Changes in platelet indices have been reported in patients with panic disorder (PD). However, previous study findings are contradictory and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the platelet indices in patients with PD. Materials and Methods: Patients with PD (n = 123) and healthy controls (n = 133) were enrolled in this case control study. The platelet indices (mean platelet volume [MPV] and platelet distribution width [PDW]) along with red blood cell (RBC) indices (RBC count and red cell distribution width [RDW]) were compared between the two groups using the unpaired t-test. Results: Patients with PD had lower MPV (7.53 ± 0.93 fL vs. 8.91 ± 1.24 fL, P < 0.0001), higher PDW (16.96 ± 0.85 fL vs. 14.71 ± 2.07 fL, P < 0.0001), and higher platelet count (274.2 ± 80.66 × 109 L−1 vs. 243.1 ± 93.89 × 109 L−1, P < 0.005) than the healthy controls. Furthermore, there were significant differences between patients with PD and healthy controls in terms of their RBC count (4.32 ± 0.56 × 1012 L−1 vs. 4.08 ± 0.80 × 1012 L−1, P = 0.007) and RDW (16.48 ± 2.26 fL vs. 15.01 ± 2.25 fL, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with PD have increased PDW and RDW. The platelet and RBC indices may prove to be useful etiological and prognostic markers in patients with PD.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with Epilepsy: A Cross-sectional 5 Years Rural Prevalence Study
Authors: Dharmadhikari Ambrish Sanjay , Sinha Vinod Kumar
Published: April 2017

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders. In children, it has long debilitating course and is associated with comorbidities including psychiatric comorbidity. To tackle this burden of comorbidities, we must know the extent of problem. Hence, there is a need for estimation of prevalence of psychiatry disorder in children with epilepsy. Aim: The present study was aimed at measuring the prevalence of various psychiatry disorders among children suffering from epilepsy. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional chart review. Methodology: We reviewed case record files of all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy in the age group of 9–17 years. Chart review was done for 5 years, May 1, 2007, to April 30, 2012. A total of 718 patients record were included in the study after satisfying inclusion criteria and excluding nonepilepsy diagnosis. Statistical Analysis: Statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 18.0). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the result, Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-test used wherever applicable. Results: The prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorder among children with epilepsy found to be 31.2%. We also found that having a partial component (73.21%, n = 164) in seizure has more chances of psychopathology in comparison to generalized seizure (8.1%, n = 18). Among them, those having a partial component with generalization (66.96%, n = 150) had a greater prevalence of psychopathology. Mental retardation was most common psychiatric disorder among psychopathology followed by manic/depressive illness (unipolar) followed by unspecified nonorganic psychosis. Conclusion: From our study, we demonstrate the significant mental health needs of children with epilepsy. The evident high prevalence of psychiatry disorder emphasizes the need for psychopathology assessment and treatment as a part of any comprehensive epilepsy clinic.
Examining Perceptions of Computerized Physician Order Entry in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Beam Kristyn , Cardoso Megan , Sweeney Megan , Binney Geoff , Weingart Saul
Published: April 2017

Background: Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) is a technology with potential to transform care delivery. While CPOE systems have been studied in adult populations, less is known about the implementation of CPOE in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and perceptions of nurses and physicians using the system.

Objective: To examine perceptions of clinicians before and after CPOE implementation in the NICU of a pediatric hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of clinicians working in a Level III NICU was conducted. The survey was distributed before and after CPOE implementation. Participants were asked about their perception of CPOE on patient care delivery, implementation of the system, and effect on job satisfaction. A qualitative section inquired about additional concerns surrounding implementation. Responses were tabulated and analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results: The survey was distributed to 158 clinicians with a 47% response rate for pre-implementation and 45% for post-implementation. Clinicians understood why CPOE was implemented, but felt there was incomplete technical training. The expectation for increased job satisfaction and ability to recruit high-quality staff was high. However, there was concern about the ability to deliver appropriate treatments before and after implementation. Physicians were more optimistic about CPOE implementation than nurses who remained concerned that workflow may be altered.

Conclusions: Introducing CPOE is a potentially risky endeavor and must be done carefully to mitigate harm. Although high expectations of the system can be met, it is important to attend to differing expectations among clinicians with varied levels of comfort with technology. Interdisciplinary collaboration is critical in planning a functioning CPOE to ensure that efficient workflow is maintained and appropriate supports for individuals with a lower degree of technical literacy is available.

Citation: Beam KS, Cardoso M, Sweeney M, Binney G, Weingart SN. Examining perceptions of computerized physician order entry in a neonatal intensive care unit. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 337–347 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-09-RA-0153
The Building Blocks of Inter-operability
Authors: Culbertson Adam , Goel Satyender , Madden Margaret , Safaeinili Niloufar , Jackson Kathryn , Carton Thomas , Waitman Russ , Liu Mei , Krishnamurthy Ashok , Hall Lauren , Cappella Nickie , Visweswaran Shyam , Becich Michael , Applegate Reuben , Bernstam Elmer , Rothman Russell , Matheny Michael , Lipori Gloria , Bian Jiang , Hogan William , Bell Douglas , Martin Andrew , Grannis Shaun , Klann Jeff , Sutphen Rebecca , O’Hara Amy , Kho Abel
Published: April 2017

Background: Patient matching is a key barrier to achieving interoperability. Patient demographic elements must be consistently collected over time and region to be valuable elements for patient matching.

Objectives: We sought to determine what patient demographic attributes are collected at multiple institutions in the United States and see how their availability changes over time and across clinical sites.

Methods: We compiled a list of 36 demographic elements that stakeholders previously identified as essential patient demographic attributes that should be collected for the purpose of linking patient records. We studied a convenience sample of 9 health care systems from geographically distinct sites around the country. We identified changes in the availability of individual patient demographic attributes over time and across clinical sites.

Results: Several attributes were consistently available over the study period (2005–2014) including last name (99.96%), first name (99.95%), date of birth (98.82%), gender/sex (99.73%), postal code (94.71%), and full street address (94.65%). Other attributes changed significantly from 2005–2014: Social security number (SSN) availability declined from 83.3% to 50.44% (p<0.0001). Email address availability increased from 8.94% up to 54% availability (p<0.0001). Work phone number increased from 20.61% to 52.33% (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Overall, first name, last name, date of birth, gender/sex and address were widely collected across institutional sites and over time. Availability of emerging attributes such as email and phone numbers are increasing while SSN use is declining. Understanding the relative availability of patient attributes can inform strategies for optimal matching in healthcare.

Citation: Culbertson A, Goel S, Madden MB, Jackson KL, Carton T, Waitman R, Liu M, Krishnamurthy A, Hall L, Cappella N, Visweswaran S, Safaeinili N, Becich MJ, Applegate R, Bernstam E, Rothman R, Matheny M, Lipori G, Bian J, Hogan W, Bell D, Martin A, Grannis S, Klann J, Sutphen R, O’Hara AB, Kho A. The building blocks of interoperability: A multisite analysis of patient demographic attributes available for matching. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 322–336 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-11-RA-0196
Impacts of coal burning on ambient PM2.5 pollution in China
Authors: Ma Qiao , Cai Siyi , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Martin Randall V. , Brauer Michael , Cohen Aaron , Jiang Jingkun , Zhou Wei , Hao Jiming , Frostad Joseph , Forouzanfar Mohammad H. , Burnett Richard T.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. High concentration of fine particles (PM2.5), the primary concern about air quality in China, is believed to closely relate to China's large consumption of coal. In order to quantitatively identify the contributions of coal combustion in different sectors to ambient PM2. 5, we developed an emission inventory for the year 2013 using up-to-date information on energy consumption and emission controls, and we conducted standard and sensitivity simulations using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. According to the simulation, coal combustion contributes 22 µg m−3 (40 %) to the total PM2. 5 concentration at national level (averaged in 74 major cities) and up to 37 µg m−3 (50 %) in the Sichuan Basin. Among major coal-burning sectors, industrial coal burning is the dominant contributor, with a national average contribution of 10 µg m−3 (17 %), followed by coal combustion in power plants and the domestic sector. The national average contribution due to coal combustion is estimated to be 18 µg m−3 (46 %) in summer and 28 µg m−3 (35 %) in winter. While the contribution of domestic coal burning shows an obvious reduction from winter to summer, contributions of coal combustion in power plants and the industrial sector remain at relatively constant levels throughout the year.
Cirrus cloud retrieval with MSG/SEVIRI using artificial neural networks
Authors: Strandgren Johan , Bugliaro Luca , Sehnke Frank , Schröder Leon
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Cirrus clouds play an important role in climate as they tend to warm the Earth-Atmosphere system. Nevertheless they remain one of the largest uncertainties in atmospheric research. To better understand the physical processes of cirrus clouds and their climate impact, enhanced satellite observations are necessary. In this paper we present a new algorithm, CiPS (Cirrus Properties from SEVIRI), that detects cirrus clouds and retrieves the corresponding cloud top height, ice optical thickness and ice water path using the SEVIRI imager aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellites. CiPS utilises a set of artificial neural networks trained with SEVIRI thermal observations, CALIOP backscatter products, the ECMWF surface temperature and auxiliary data. CiPS detects 71 and 95 % of all cirrus clouds with an optical thickness of 0.1 and 1.0 respectively, that are retrieved by CALIOP. Among the cirrus free pixels, CiPS classifies 96 % correctly. With respect to CALIOP, the cloud top height retrieved by CiPS has a mean absolute percentage error of 10 % or less for cirrus clouds with a top height greater than 8 km. For the ice optical thickness, CiPS has a mean absolute percentage error of 50 % or less for cirrus clouds with an optical thickness between 0.35 and 1.8, and of 100 % or less for cirrus clouds with an optical thickness down to 0.07, with respect to the optical thickness retrieved by CALIOP. The ice water path retrieved by CiPS shows a similar performance, with mean absolute percentage errors of 100 % or less for cirrus clouds with an ice water path down to 1.7 g m−2. Since the training reference data from CALIOP only include ice water path and optical thickness for comparably thin clouds, CiPS does also retrieve an opacity flag, which tells whether a retrieved cirrus is likely to be too thick for CiPS to accurately derive the ice water path and optical thickness. By retrieving CALIOP like cirrus properties with the large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution of SEVIRI during both day and night, CiPS is a powerful tool for analysing the temporal evolution of cirrus clouds including their optical and physical properties. To demonstrate this, the life cycle of a thin cirrus cloud is analysed.
Atmospheric circulation types and extreme areal precipitation in southern central Europe
Authors: Jacobeit Jucundus , Homann Markus , Philipp Andreas , Beck Christoph
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Gridded daily rainfall data for southern central Europe are aggregated to regions of similar precipitation variability by means of S-mode principal component analyses separately for the meteorological seasons. Atmospheric circulation types (CTs) are derived by a particular clustering technique including large-scale fields of SLP, vertical wind and relative humidity at the 700 hPa level as well as the regional rainfall time series. Multiple regression models with monthly CT frequencies as predictors are derived for monthly frequencies and amounts of regional precipitation extremes (beyond the 95 % percentile). Using predictor output from different global climate models (ECHAM6, ECHAM5, EC-EARTH) for different scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5, A1B) and two projection periods (2021–2050, 2071–2100) leads to assessments of future changes in regional precipitation extremes. Most distinctive changes are indicated for the summer season with mainly increasing extremes for the earlier period and widespread decreasing extremes towards the end of the 21st century, mostly for the strong scenario. Considerable uncertainties arise from the predictor use of different global climate models, especially during the winter and spring seasons.
The 3.6 ka Aniakchak tephra in the Arctic Ocean: a constraint on the Holocene radiocarbon reservoir age in the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Pearce Christof , Varhelyi Aron , Wastegård Stefan , Muschitiello Francesco , Barrientos Natalia , O'Regan Matt , Cronin Thomas M. , Gemery Laura , Semiletov Igor , Backman Jan , Jakobsson Martin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The caldera-forming eruption of the Aniakchak volcano in the Aleutian Range on the Alaskan Peninsula at 3.6 cal kyr BP was one of the largest Holocene eruptions worldwide. The resulting ash is found as a visible sediment layer in several Alaskan sites and as a cryptotephra on Newfoundland and Greenland. This large geographic distribution, combined with the fact that the eruption is relatively well constrained in time using radiocarbon dating of lake sediments and annual layer counts in ice cores, makes it an excellent stratigraphic marker for dating and correlating mid–late Holocene sediment and paleoclimate records. This study presents the outcome of a targeted search for the Aniakchak tephra in a marine sediment core from the Arctic Ocean, namely Core SWERUS-L2-2-PC1 (2PC), raised from 57 m water depth in Herald Canyon, western Chukchi Sea. High concentrations of tephra shards, with a geochemical signature matching that of Aniakchak ash, were observed across a more than 1.5 m long sediment sequence. Since the primary input of volcanic ash is through atmospheric transport, and assuming that bioturbation can account for mixing up to ca. 10 cm of the marine sediment deposited at the coring site, the broad signal is interpreted as sustained reworking at the sediment source input. The isochron is therefore placed at the base of the sudden increase in tephra concentrations rather than at the maximum concentration. This interpretation of major reworking is strengthened by analysis of grain size distribution which points to ice rafting as an important secondary transport mechanism of volcanic ash. Combined with radiocarbon dates on mollusks in the same sediment core, the volcanic marker is used to calculate a marine radiocarbon reservoir age offset ΔR = 477 ± 60 years. This relatively high value may be explained by the major influence of typically carbon-old Pacific waters, and it agrees well with recent estimates of ΔR along the northwest Alaskan coast, possibly indicating stable oceanographic conditions during the second half of the Holocene. Our use of a volcanic absolute age marker to obtain the marine reservoir age offset is the first of its kind in the Arctic Ocean and provides an important framework for improving chronologies and correlating marine sediment archives in this region. Core 2PC has a high sediment accumulation rate averaging 200 cm kyr−1 throughout the last 4000 years, and the chronology presented here provides a solid base for high-resolution reconstructions of late Holocene climate and ocean variability in the Chukchi Sea.
Quantifying the added value of high resolution climate
models: A systematic comparison of WRF simulations for
complex Himalayan terrain
Authors: Karki Ramchandra , Hasson Shabeh , Gerlitz Lars , Schickhoff Udo , Scholten Thomas , Böhner Jürgen
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Mesoscale dynamical refinements of global climate models or atmospheric reanalysis have shown their potential to resolve the intricate atmospheric processes, their land surface interactions, and subsequently, realistic distribution of climatic fields in complex terrains. Given that such potential is yet to be explored within the central Himalayan region of Nepal, we investigate the skill of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with different spatial resolutions in reproducing the spatial, seasonal and diurnal characteristics of the near-surface air temperature and precipitation, as well as, the spatial shifts in the diurnal monsoonal precipitation peak over the Khumbu (Everest), Rolwaling and adjacent southern areas. Therefore, the ERA-Interim (0.75°) reanalysis has been dynamically refined to 25, 5 and 1 km (D1, D2 and D3) for one complete hydrological year (Oct 2014–Sep 2015), using the one-way nested WRF model run with mild-nudging and parameterized convection for the outer but explicitly resolved convection for the inner domains. Our results suggest that D3 realistically reproduces the monsoonal precipitation, as compared to its underestimation by D1 but overestimation by D2. All three resolutions however overestimate precipitation from the westerly disturbances, owing to simulating anomalously higher intensity of few intermittent events. Temperatures are though generally well reproduced by all resolutions, winter and pre-monsoon seasons feature a high cold bias for high elevations while lower show a simultaneous warm bias. Contrary to higher resolutions, D1 fails to realistically reproduce the regional-scale nocturnal monsoonal peak precipitation observed at the Himalayan foothills and its diurnal shift towards high elevations, whereas D2 resolves these characteristics but exhibits a limited skill in reproducing such peak at the river valley scale due to the limited representation of the narrow valleys at 5 km resolution. Nonetheless, featuring a substantial skill over D1 and D2, D3 simulates almost realistic shapes of the seasonal and diurnal precipitation and the peak timings even at valley scales. These findings clearly suggest an added value of the convective scale resolutions in realistically resolving the topo-climates over the central Himalaya, which in turn allow simulating their interactions with the synoptic scale weather systems prevailing over High Asia.