bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Uniformly Microporous C4N/Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Toward Ultra‐Stable and Ultralow‐Temperature Proton Batteries
Authors: Yang Mingsheng , Zhao Qian , Ma Huige , Li Rui , Wang Yan , Zhou Rongkun , Liu Jieyuan , Wang Xinyu , Hao Yuxin , Ren Jiayi , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Naibo , Hu Mingjun , Luo Jun , Yang Jun
Published: January 2023

Benefiting from the proton's small size and ultrahigh mobility in water, aqueous proton batteries are regarded as an attractive candidate for high‐power and ultralow‐temperature energy storage devices. Herein, a new‐type C4N polymer with uniform micropores and a large specific surface area is prepared by sulfuric acid‐catalyzed ketone amine condensation reaction and employed as the electrode of proton batteries. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are introduced to induce the in situ growth of C4N, and reaped significantly enhanced porosity and conductivity, and thus better both room‐ and low‐temperature performance. When coupled with MnO2@Carbon fiber (MnO2@CF) cathode, MnO2@CF//C4N‐50% MWCNT full battery shows unprecedented cycle stability with a capacity retention of 98% after 11 000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and even 100% after 70 000 cycles at 20 A g−1. Additionally, a novel anti‐freezing electrolyte (5 m H2SO4 + 0.5 m MnSO4) is developed and showed a high ionic conductivity of 123.2 mS cm−1 at ‐70 °C. The resultant MnO2@CF//C4N‐50% MWCNT battery delivers a specific capacity of 110.5 mAh g−1 even at ‐70 °C at 1 A g−1, the highest in all reported proton batteries under the same conditions. This work is expected to offer a package solution for constructing high‐performance ultralow‐temperature aqueous proton batteries.
Low‐Power, Multi‐Transduction Nanosensor Array for Accurate Sensing of Flammable and Toxic Gases
Authors: Henriquez Dionisio V. Del Orbe , Kang Mingu , Cho Incheol , Choi Jungrak , Park Jaeho , Gul Osman , Ahn Junseong , Lee Dae‐Sik , Park Inkyu
Published: January 2023

Toxic and flammable gases pose a major safety risk in industrial settings; thus, their portable sensing is desired, which requires sensors with fast response, low‐power consumption, and accurate detection. Herein, a low‐power, multi‐transduction array is presented for the accurate sensing of flammable and toxic gases. Specifically, four different sensors are integrated on a micro‐electro‐mechanical‐systems platform consisting of bridge‐type microheaters. To produce distinct fingerprints for enhanced selectivity, the four sensors operate based on two different transduction mechanisms: chemiresistive and calorimetric sensing. Local, in situ synthesis routes are used to integrate nanostructured materials (ZnO, CuO, and Pt Black) for the sensors on the microheaters. The transient responses of the four sensors are fed to a convolutional neural network for real‐time classification and regression of five different gases (H2, NO2, C2H6O, CO, and NH3). An overall classification accuracy of 97.95%, an average regression error of 14%, and a power consumption of 7 mW per device are obtained. The combination of a versatile low‐power platform, local integration of nanomaterials, different transduction mechanisms, and a real‐time machine learning strategy presented herein helps advance the constant need to simultaneously achieve fast, low‐power, and selective gas sensing of flammable and toxic gases.
Isothermal and Kinetic Modeling for Uptake of Heavy Metal Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Succinylated Polysaccharide
Authors: Abbas Azhar , Siddique Abu Bakar , Batool Rabia , Sher Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad Imran , Abbas Muhammad Azhar
Published: January 2023

Heavy metals are posing a serious threat to public health. Due to leaching and widespread use in chemical industries, their concentration is continuously increasing in fresh water reservoirs and industrial effluents. To address the severity of this issue, there is a dire need to devise the economic and environment friendly strategies to remove or decrease the concentration of heavy metals in water reservoirs. In the current research work, an economic and environment friendly polymer, succinylated microcrystalline cellulose (MCCS) is synthesized and modified for the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. The sodium salt of MCCS (MCCSNa) shows good adsorption capacity for Cd(II) ions through ion‐exchange phenomenon. Isothermal modeling using different adsorption isotherms is investigated to check the spontaneity and understand the insight phenomenon of adsorption. Kinetic modeling of sorption phenomenon is performed to optimize the adsorption conditions for efficient removal of heavy metal ions. Moreover, regeneration capacity of the sorbent is also determined for its reuse to remove heavy metals.
Debating Population in and Beyond Feminist Political Ecology
Authors: Fenner Mila , Harcourt Wendy
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we explore the topic of population in the context of the latest work by renowned feminist STS scholar Donna Haraway and her call to ‘make kin not babies’. We reflect on the explosive reactions among feminists to Haraway’s recent work by paying attention to emotions in population debates among feminist thinkers. Using an informal dialogue format, we engage at both a personal and scholarly level to map out the contours of feminist thinking about the fraught topic of population growth and population control.
No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter
Authors: Alvey James , Bringmann Torsten , Kolesova Helena
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The irreducible upscattering of cold dark matter by cosmic rays opens up the intriguing possibility of detecting even light dark matter in conventional direct detection experiments or underground neutrino detectors. The mechanism also significantly enhances sensitivity to models with very large nuclear scattering rates, where the atmosphere and rock overburden efficiently stop standard non-relativistic dark matter particles before they could reach the detector. In this article, we demonstrate that cosmic-ray upscattering essentially closes the window for strongly interacting dark matter in the (sub-)GeV mass range. Arriving at this conclusion crucially requires a detailed treatment of both nuclear form factors and inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering, as well as including the full momentum-transfer dependence of scattering amplitudes. We illustrate the latter point by considering three generic situations where such a momentum-dependence is particularly relevant, namely for interactions dominated by the exchange of light vector or scalar mediators, respectively, and for dark matter particles of finite size. As a final concrete example, we apply our analysis to a putative hexaquark state, which has been suggested as a viable baryonic dark matter candidate. Once again, we find that the updated constraints derived in this work close a significant part of otherwise unconstrained parameter space.
Perturbative running of the topological angles
Authors: Valenti Alessandro , Vecchi Luca
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We argue that in general renormalizable field theories the topological angles may develop an additive beta function starting no earlier than 2-loop order. The leading expression is uniquely determined by a single model-independent coefficient. The associated divergent diagrams are identified and a few methods for extracting the beta function in dimensional regularization are discussed. We show that the peculiar nature of the topological angles implies non-trivial constraints on the anomalous dimension of the CP-violating operators and discuss how a non-vanishing beta function affects the Weyl consistency conditions. Some phenomenological considerations are presented.
Photon orbits and phase transition for non-linear charged anti-de Sitter black holes
Authors: Du Yun-Zhi , Li Huai-Fan , Liu Fang , Zhang Li-Chun
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the relation between the photon sphere radius and the first-order phase transition for the charged Einstein-power-Yang-Mills AdS black hole. Through the analysis, we find with a certain condition there exist the non-monotonic behaviors between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter, the non-linear Yang-Mills charge parameter, temperature, and pressure. And both the changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition can be regarded as the order parameter, their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value 1/2, just like the ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that there maybe exists a universal relation of gravity nearby the critical point for a black hole thermodynamical system. Furthermore, the effect of impact parameter on the deflect angle is also investigated.
Type 2 transglutaminase in the nucleus: the new epigenetic face of a cytoplasmic enzyme
Authors: Rossin Federica , Ciccosanti Fabiola , D’Eletto Manuela , Occhigrossi Luca , Fimia Gian Maria , Piacentini Mauro
Published: January 2023

One of the major mysteries in science is how it is possible to pack the cellular chromatin with a total length of over 1 m, into a small sphere with a diameter of 5 mm “the nucleus”, and even more difficult to envisage how to make it functional. Although we know that compaction is achieved through the histones, however, the DNA needs to be accessible to the transcription machinery and this is allowed thanks to a variety of very complex epigenetic mechanisms. Either DNA (methylation) or post-translational modifications of histone proteins (acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation) play a crucial role in chromatin remodelling and consequently on gene expression. Recently the serotonylation and dopaminylation of the histone 3, catalyzed by the Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), has been reported. These novel post-translational modifications catalyzed by a predominantly cytoplasmic enzyme opens a new avenue for future investigations on the enzyme function itself and for the possibility that other biological amines, substrate of TG2, can influence the genome regulation under peculiar cellular conditions. In this review we analyzed the nuclear TG2’s biology by discussing both its post-translational modification of various transcription factors and the implications of its epigenetic new face. Finally, we will focus on the potential impact of these events in human diseases.
Mobile Gesundheitstechnologien, soziale Gerechtigkeit und populationsbezogene Vulnerabilitäten
Authors: Jansky Bianca , Machleid Felix , Wild Verina
Published: January 2023

Mobile Gesundheitstechnologien (mHealth) fördern den Trend hin zu Eigenverantwortung und Selbstmanagement. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, am Beispiel von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (T2DM) die Diskussion zu mHealth, Eigenverantwortung und Gerechtigkeit – welche es bisher nur in Ansätzen gibt – aus einer Public-Health-ethischen Perspektive zu vertiefen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass mHealth im Bereich T2DM soziale Gesundheitsgerechtigkeit einerseits verbessern, andererseits aber auch soziale Gesundheitsungerechtigkeiten verschärfen kann. Aus einer gerechtigkeitsfokussierten, Public-Health-ethischen Perspektive auf T2DM-mHealth ist es notwendig, besser zu verstehen, ob und wie vulnerable Bevölkerungsgruppen bei mHealth-Entwicklung und -Einsatz mitbedacht werden, wie sie die Nutzung der Technologie erleben, welche sozialepidemiologischen Auswirkungen der zunehmende Einsatz von mHealth haben kann, welche gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten im Bereich T2DM ungerecht sind, inwieweit die Eigenverantwortung in die Hände der Nutzenden gelegt werden soll und wo die Grenzen der Eigenverantwortung liegen. Die Berücksichtigung der sozialen Diversität und der sozialen Determinanten von Gesundheit ist ein stetiger Prozess und muss alle Phasen der Entwicklung und des Einsatzes von mHealth durchziehen.
Myalgische Enzephalomyelitis/chronisches Fatigue-Syndrom: eine Übersicht zur aktuellen Evidenz
Authors: Ludwig Birgit , Olbert Elisabeth , Trimmel Karin , Seidel Stefan , Rommer Paulus S. , Müller Christian , Struhal Walter , Berger Thomas
Published: January 2023

In den vergangenen 5 Jahren hat sowohl das mediale als auch das wissenschaftliche Interesse an der Erkrankung myalgische Enzephalomyelitis/„chronic fatigue syndrome“ (ME/CFS) signifikant zugenommen; nicht zuletzt auch durch die klinisch ähnliche Manifestation im Rahmen von Long- oder Post-COVID. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit diskutieren wir die klinische Diagnosestellung und therapeutische Studien zu ME/CFS sowie die Gemeinsamkeiten oder Unterschiede zu Long‑/Post-COVID. Bisher liegen weder pathophysiologisch eindeutig kausale noch therapeutisch evidenzbasierte Ergebnisse in der langjährigen wissenschaftlichen Forschung zu ME/CFS vor. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der relevanten psychiatrischen Komorbiditätsrate beim ME/CFS ist nach der aktuellen Datenlage eine psychosomatische Ätiologie der Erkrankung zu diskutieren. Des Weiteren könnte sich eine genauere und sichere Diagnosestellung anhand strikterer Diagnosekriterien auf die weitere Forschung und vor allem hinsichtlich Therapien positiv auswirken.
A Balian–Low type theorem for Gabor Riesz sequences of arbitrary density
Authors: Caragea Andrei , Lee Dae Gwan , Philipp Friedrich , Voigtlaender Felix
Published: January 2023

Gabor systems are used in fields ranging from audio processing to digital communication. Such a Gabor system $$(g,\varLambda )$$

(
g
,
Λ
)

consists of all time-frequency shifts $$\pi (\lambda ) g$$

π
(
λ
)
g

of a window function $$g \in L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

g
∈

L
2

(
R
)

along a lattice $$\varLambda \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

Λ
⊂

R

2

. We focus on Gabor systems that are also Riesz sequences, meaning that one can stably reconstruct the coefficients $$c = (c_\lambda )_{\lambda \in \varLambda }$$

c
=

(

c
λ

)

λ
∈
Λ

from the function $$\sum _{\lambda \in \varLambda } c_\lambda \, \pi (\lambda ) g$$

∑

λ
∈
Λ

c
λ

π

(
λ
)

g

. In digital communication, a function of this form is used to transmit the digital sequence c. It is desirable for g to be well localized in time and frequency, since the transmitted signal will then be almost compactly supported in time and frequency if the sequence c has finite support. In this paper, we study what additional structural properties the signal space $$\mathcal {G}(g,\varLambda )$$

G
(
g
,
Λ
)

, i.e., the span of the Gabor system, satisfies in addition to being a closed subspace of $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
2

(
R
)

. The most well-known result in this direction—the Balian–Low theorem—states that if g is well localized in time and frequency and if $$(g,\varLambda )$$

(
g
,
Λ
)

is a Riesz sequence, then $$\mathcal {G}(g,\varLambda )$$

G
(
g
,
Λ
)

is necessarily a proper subspace of $$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
2

(
R
)

. We prove a generalization of this result related to the invariance of $$\mathcal {G}(g,\varLambda )$$

G
(
g
,
Λ
)

under time-frequency shifts. Precisely, we show that if $$(g,\varLambda )$$

(
g
,
Λ
)

is a Riesz sequence with g being well localized in time and frequency (precisely, g should belong to the so-called Feichtinger algebra), then $$\pi (\mu ) \mathcal {G}(g,\varLambda ) \subset \mathcal {G}(g,\varLambda )$$

π
(
μ
)
G
(
g
,
Λ
)
⊂
G
(
g
,
Λ
)

holds if and only if $$\mu \in \varLambda $$

μ
∈
Λ

. For lattices of rational density, this was already known, with the proof based on Zak transform techniques. These methods do not generalize to arbitrary lattices, however. Instead, our proof for lattices of irrational density relies on combining methods from time-frequency analysis with properties of a special $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebra, the so-called irrational rotation algebra.
Dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction for capsaicinoid compounds in human serum using LC-HRMS: targeted and non-targeted approaches
Authors: Rodríguez-Palazón María Consolación , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Viñas Pilar , López-García Ignacio , Hernández-Córdoba Manuel , Campillo Natalia
Published: January 2023

A new analytical method based on the use of dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) is described for the preconcentration of capsaicin (CAP), dihydrocapsaicin (DCAP), and N-vanillylnonanamide (PCAP) from human serum samples. The influence of several experimental factors affecting the adsorption (nature and amount of magnetic material, adsorption time, and pH) and desorption (nature of solvent, its volume and desorption time) steps was studied. Among seven different nanomaterials studied, the best results were obtained using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which were characterized by means of spectrometry- and microscopy-based techniques. Analyses were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in positive mode (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The developed method was validated by obtaining several parameters, including linearity (0.3–300 μg L−1 range), and limits of detection which were 0.1, 0.15, and 0.17 μg L−1 for CAP, DCAP, and PCAP, respectively. The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7), varied from 3.4 to 11%. The serum samples were also studied through a non-targeted approach in a search for capsaicinoid metabolites and related compounds. With this objective, the fragmentation pathway of this family of compounds was initially studied and a strategy was established for the identification of novel or less studied capsaicinoid-derived compounds.

Graphical abstract
Revealing charge heterogeneity of stressed trastuzumab at the subunit level
Authors: Spanov Baubek , Baartmans Bas , Olaleye Oladapo , Nicolardi Simone , Govorukhina Natalia , Wuhrer Manfred , van de Merbel Nico C. , Bischoff Rainer
Published: January 2023

Trastuzumab is known to be heterogeneous in terms of charge. Stressing trastuzumab under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) increases charge heterogeneity further. Separation of charge variants of stressed trastuzumab at the intact protein level is challenging due to increasing complexity making it difficult to obtain pure charge variants for further characterization. Here we report an approach for revealing charge heterogeneity of stressed trastuzumab at the subunit level by pH gradient cation-exchange chromatography. Trastuzumab subunits were generated after limited proteolytic cleavage with papain, IdeS, and GingisKHAN®. The basic pI of Fab and F(ab)2 fragments allowed to use the same pH gradient for intact protein and subunit level analysis. Baseline separation of Fab subunits was obtained after GingisKHAN® and papain digestion and the corresponding modifications were determined by LC–MS/MS peptide mapping and middle-down MALDI-ISD FT-ICR MS. The described approach allows a comprehensive charge variant analysis of therapeutic antibodies that have two or more modification sites in the Fab region.
Paediatric Ureteroscopy (P-URS) reporting checklist: a new tool to aid studies report the essential items on paediatric ureteroscopy for stone disease
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Ulvik Øyvind , Beisland Christian , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: January 2023

The burden of urolithiasis in children is increasing and this is mirrored by the number of surgical interventions in the form of ureteroscopy (URS). There exist many challenges in performing this surgery for this special patient group as well as a lack of consensus on technique. There is also large variation in how results are described and reported. There exists therefore, a need to improve and standardise the core outcomes, which are reported. To this end, we developed a new checklist to aid studies report the essential items on paediatric URS for stone disease. The Paediatric Ureteroscopy (P-URS) reporting checklist comprises four main sections (study details, pre-operative, operative and post-operative) and a total of 20 items. The tool covers a range of important elements, such as pre-stenting, complications, follow-up, stone-free rate, concomitant medical expulsive therapy and imaging, which are often lacking in studies. The checklist provides a summary of essential items that authors can use as a reference to improve general standards of reporting paediatric URS studies and increase the body of knowledge shared accordingly.
GRF–GIF chimeric proteins enhance in vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies of lettuce (Lactuca spp.)
Authors: Bull Tawni , Debernardi Juan , Reeves Megan , Hill Theresa , Bertier Lien , Van Deynze Allen , Michelmore Richard
Published: January 2023

Key message

GRF–GIF chimeric proteins from multiple source species enhance in vitro regeneration in both wild and cultivated lettuce. In addition, they enhance regeneration in multiple types of lettuce including butterheads, romaines, and crispheads.

The ability of plants to regenerate in vitro has been exploited for use in tissue culture systems for plant propagation, plant transformation, and genome editing. The success of in vitro regeneration is often genotype dependent and continues to be a bottleneck for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and its deployment for improvement of some crop species. Manipulation of transcription factors that play key roles in plant development such as BABY BOOM, WUSCHEL, and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) has improved regeneration and transformation efficiencies in several plant species. Here, we compare the efficacy of GRF–GIF gene fusions from multiple species to boost regeneration efficiency and shooting frequency in four genotypes of wild and cultivated lettuce (Lactuca spp. L.). In addition, we show that GRF–GIFs with mutated miRNA 396 binding sites increase regeneration efficiency and shooting frequency when compared to controls. We also present a co-transformation strategy for increased transformation efficiency and recovery of transgenic plants harboring a gene of interest. This strategy will enhance the recovery of transgenic plants of other lettuce genotypes and likely other crops in the Compositae family.
Persistent virus-specific and clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells respond to induced self-antigen in the CNS
Authors: Agrafiotis Andreas , Dizerens Raphael , Vincenti Ilena , Wagner Ingrid , Kuhn Raphael , Shlesinger Danielle , Manero-Carranza Marcos , Cotet Tudor-Stefan , Hong Kai-Lin , Page Nicolas , Fonta Nicolas , Shammas Ghazal , Mariotte Alexandre , Piccinno Margot , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Gruntz Benedikt , Ehling Roy , Genovese Alessandro , Pedrioli Alessandro , Dounas Andreas , Franzenburg Sören , Tumani Hayrettin , Kümpfel Tania , Kavaka Vladyslav , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Dornmair Klaus , Beltrán Eduardo , Oxenius Annette , Reddy Sai T. , Merkler Doron , Yermanos Alexander
Published: January 2023

B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both cellular- and humoral-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In such conditions, B cells may enter the CNS parenchyma and contribute to local tissue destruction. It remains unexplored, however, how infection and autoimmunity drive transcriptional phenotypes, repertoire features, and antibody functionality. Here, we profiled B cells from the CNS of murine models of intracranial (i.c.) viral infections and autoimmunity. We identified a population of clonally expanded, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) that had undergone class-switch recombination and extensive somatic hypermutation following i.c. infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV). Recombinant expression and characterisation of these antibodies revealed specificity to viral antigens (LCMV glycoprotein GP), correlating with ASC persistence in the brain weeks after resolved infection. Furthermore, these virus-specific ASCs upregulated proliferation and expansion programs in response to the conditional and transient induction of the LCMV GP as a neo-self antigen by astrocytes. This class-switched, clonally expanded, and mutated population persisted and was even more pronounced when peripheral B cells were depleted prior to autoantigen induction in the CNS. In contrast, the most expanded B cell clones in mice with persistent expression of LCMV GP in the CNS did not exhibit neo-self antigen specificity, potentially a consequence of local tolerance induction. Finally, a comparable population of clonally expanded, class-switched, and proliferating ASCs was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) patients. Taken together, our findings support the existence of B cells that populate the CNS and are capable of responding to locally encountered autoantigens.
Appendiceal goblet cell carcinoma has marginal advantages from perioperative chemotherapy: a population-based study with an entropy balancing analysis
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Campana Davide , Ingaldi Carlo , Lamberti Giuseppe , Alberici Laura , Tateo Valentina , Castagna Giovanni , Ricco Gianluca , Calderaro Fulvio , Malvi Deborah , Rosini Francesca , Casadei Riccardo
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim is to clarify the use of perioperative chemotherapy in resectable goblet cell carcinoma (GCC).

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study. The population was divided: into patients who received only radical surgery (group A) and those who received radical surgery plus chemotherapy (group B). An entropy balancing was carried out to correct the imbalance between the two groups. Two models were generated. Model 1 contained only high-risk patients: group B and a “virtual” group A with similar characteristics. Model 2 included only low-risk patients: group A and “virtual” group B with identical attributes. The efficacy of entropy balancing was evaluated with the d value. The overall survival was compared and reported with Hazard Ratio (HR) within a confidence interval of 95% (95 CI).

Results

The groups A and B were imbalanced for tumor size (d = 0.392), T (d = 1.128), N (d = 1.340), M (d = 1.456), mean number of positive lymph nodes (d = 0.907), and LNR (d = 0.889). Before the balancing, the risk of death was higher in group B than in A (4.3; 2.5 to 7.4). After reweighting, all large differences were eliminated (d < 0.200). In high-risk patients, the risk of death was higher in patients who underwent surgery alone than those who received perioperative chemotherapy (HR 0.5; 0.2 to 1.3) without statistical significance (p = 0.187). In low-risk patients, the risk of death was similar (HR 1.1; 0.3 to 3.3).

Conclusion

Perioperative chemotherapy could provide some marginal advantages to high-risk patients.
Fast computation of distance-generalized cores using sampling
Authors: Tatti Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

Core decomposition is a classic technique for discovering densely connected regions in a graph with large range of applications. Formally, a k-core is a maximal subgraph where each vertex has at least k neighbors. A natural extension of a k-core is a (k, h)-core, where each node must have at least k nodes that can be reached with a path of length h. The downside in using (k, h)-core decomposition is the significant increase in the computational complexity: whereas the standard core decomposition can be done in $${{\mathcal {O}}}{\left( m\right) }$$

O

m

time, the generalization can require $${{\mathcal {O}}}{\left( n^2m\right) }$$

O

n
2

m

time, where n and m are the number of nodes and edges in the given graph. In this paper, we propose a randomized algorithm that produces an $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-approximation of (k, h) core decomposition with a probability of $$1 - \delta $$

1
-
δ

in $${{\mathcal {O}}}{\left( \epsilon ^{-2} hm (\log ^2 n - \log \delta )\right) }$$

O

ϵ

-
2

h
m

(

log
2

n
-
log
δ
)

time. The approximation is based on sampling the neighborhoods of nodes, and we use Chernoff bound to prove the approximation guarantee. We also study distance-generalized dense subgraphs, show that the problem is NP-hard, provide an algorithm for discovering such graphs with approximate core decompositions, and provide theoretical guarantees for the quality of the discovered subgraphs. We demonstrate empirically that approximating the decomposition complements the exact computation: computing the approximation is significantly faster than computing the exact solution for the networks where computing the exact solution is slow.
Developing Test Methods for Compression after Lightning Strikes
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Millen Scott L. J. , Lee Juhyeong , Abdelal Gasser , Mitchard Daniel , Wisnom Michael R. , Murphy Adrian
Published: January 2023

Research into residual strength after lightning strike is increasing within the literature. However, standard test methods for measuring residual compressive strength after lightning strikes do not exist. For the first time, a systematic experimental study is undertaken to evaluate modifications necessary to standard Compression After Impact (CAI) specimen geometry and test jig design to induce specimen failure at the lightning damage region. Four laboratory generated lightning strike currents with peak amplitudes ranging from 25 to 100 kA have been studied. Test set-up modifications were made considering the scale of the lightning damage and its potential proximity to specimen edges. Specimen geometry and anti-buckling guides were adjusted for each peak current to induce specimen failure at the lightning damage. The Compression After Lightning (CAL) strength was 28% lower than the pristine CAI strength even at a relatively low peak current of 25 kA. This study shows that the standard CAI test setup has the potential for CAL application, however, careful modifications are required depending on the peak amplitude of the applied lightning current waveform.
“Greedy” demand adjustment in cooperative games
Authors: Montero Maria , Possajennikov Alex
Published: January 2023

This paper studies a simple process of demand adjustment in cooperative games. In the process, a randomly chosen player makes the highest possible demand subject to the demands of other coalition members being satisfied. This process converges to the aspiration set; in convex games, this implies convergence to the core. We further introduce perturbations into the process, where players sometimes make a higher demand than feasible. These perturbations make the set of separating aspirations, i.e., demand vectors in which no player is indispensable in order for other players to achieve their demands, the one most resistant to mutations. We fully analyze this process for 3-player games. We further look at weighted majority games with two types of players. In these games, if the coalition of all small players is winning, the process converges to the unique separating aspiration; otherwise, there are many separating aspirations and the process reaches a neighbourhood of a separating aspiration.
Religiosity and Charitable Giving on Investors’ Trading Behaviour in the Indonesian Islamic Stock Market: Islamic vs Market Logic
Authors: Asutay Mehmet , Aziz Primandanu Febriyan , Indrastomo Banjaran S. , Karbhari Yusuf
Published: January 2023

This study examines retail investors’ trading behaviour and its determinants in the Indonesian Shari’ah stock market by mainly focusing on the religious practice-related factors in the form of sadaqah or charitable giving on individual investors’ trading behaviour. Contextually, the Islamic moral economy (IME) assumes a direct relationship between religiosity and sadaqah giving due to the falah (salvation) oriented individual objective function, which can be reached through doing ihsan (beneficence for equilibrium). The findings based on a questionnaire survey distributed to individual investors on Shari’ah Online Trading System (SOTS) delineate that religiosity, accounting information, neutral information, personal financial needs, and the sadaqah feature have significantly affected investors’ trading behaviour in which the sadaqah feature is positively correlated, while religiosity factors are negatively correlated. Thus, despite the theoretical expectation through IME, this study evidences that Islamic logic is not the main determining factor, as market logic related factors seem to be more dominant in the behaviour of investors in the Indonesian capital market.
X-chromosome inactivation patterns depend on age and tissue but not conception method in humans
Authors: Juchniewicz Patrycja , Kloska Anna , Portalska Karolina , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Liss Joanna , Głodek Piotr , Tukaj Stefan , Piotrowska Ewa
Published: January 2023

Female somatic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) balances the X-linked transcriptional dosages between the sexes, randomly silencing the maternal or paternal X chromosome in each cell of 46,XX females. Skewed XCI toward one parental X has been observed in association with ageing and in some female carriers of X-linked diseases. To address the problem of non-random XCI, we quantified the XCI skew in different biological samples of naturally conceived females of different age groups and girls conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Generally, XCI skew differed between saliva, blood, and buccal swabs, while saliva and blood had the most similar XCI patterns in individual females. XCI skew increased with age in saliva, but not in other tissues. We showed no significant differences in the XCI patterns in tissues of naturally conceived and IVF females. The gene expression profile of the placenta and umbilical cord blood was determined depending on the XCI pattern. The increased XCI skewing in the placental tissue was associated with the differential expression of several genes out of 40 considered herein. Notably, skewed XCI patterns (> 80:20) were identified with significantly increased expression levels of four genes: CD44, KDM6A, PHLDA2, and ZRSR2. The differences in gene expression patterns between samples with random and non-random XCI may shed new light on factors contributing to the XCI pattern outcome and indicate new paths in future research on the phenomenon of XCI skewing.
Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: De Francesco Stefano , Scaini Simona , Alessandri Guido , Medda Emanuela , Camoni Laura , Stazi Maria Antonietta , Fagnani Corrado
Published: January 2023

The frequency with which Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms co-occur suggests that, behind both domains, there may be a common susceptibility represented by a general psychopathology factor. However, it’s still unclear whether this common susceptibility is affected by age-related variations. Internalizing (i.e., Fear and Distress) and Externalizing symptoms were evaluated in 803 twin pairs from the population-based Italian Twin Registry. Model-fitting analysis was performed separately in the 6–14 and 15–18 age groups to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the covariance among symptoms. For the 6–14 group, a multivariate Cholesky model best fitted the data, while, for the 15–18 group, the best fit was provided by a Common Pathway model in which nearly 50% of total variance of each trait was mediated by common genetic factors. Our findings support a common susceptibility behind Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms, mainly genetic in origin, that becomes more evident at the beginning of puberty.
Social Media Platforms and User Engagement: A Multi-Platform Study on One-way Firm Sustainability Communication
Authors: Jha Ashish Kumar , Verma Nishant Kumar
Published: January 2023

There have been multiple research studies in recent days that have analyzed the growing role of social media in firms’ communication strategy as well as the role of social media in shaping a firm’s reputation. However, most of these studies focus on one of the multiple social media platforms that firms use. In this study, we argue that there are nuances in firms’ social media communication strategies depending on the platforms. Given the rising importance of sustainability, we focus on firms’ sustainability-related communication. We analyze the impact of firms’ one-way sustainability communication over Twitter and Facebook on the respective platforms’ user engagement. The engagement has been computed as likes and shares (likes and retweets) over the firm generated one-way sustainability communication-related posts. Using a panel dataset of a 3-year period for S&P 500 firms having active social media profiles on both platforms, we demonstrate the difference in the firms’ sustainability communication on the two platforms. We also find evidence that users on both platforms have different preferences, such as messaging from firms. Using a differential metric in our analysis helps us counter the firm-level fixed effects. We find evidence suggesting that firms would do well by having different strategies for different platforms. Firms would benefit by focusing on sustainability relevant and bite-sized content on Twitter, but more positive and engaging content on Facebook.
Survival after resection of brain metastasis: impact of synchronous versus metachronous metastatic disease
Authors: Potthoff Anna-Laura , Heimann Muriel , Lehmann Felix , Ilic Inja , Paech Daniel , Borger Valeri , Radbruch Alexander , Schäfer Niklas , Schuss Patrick , Vatter Hartmut , Herrlinger Ulrich , Schneider Matthias
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Patients with brain metastasis (BM) from solid tumors are in an advanced stage of cancer. BM may occur during a known oncological disease (metachronous BM) or be the primary manifestation of previously unknown cancer (synchronous BM). The time of diagnosis might decisively impact patient prognosis and further treatment stratification. In the present study, we analyzed the prognostic impact of synchronous versus (vs.) metachronous BM occurrence following resection of BM.

Methods

Between 2013 and 2018, 353 patients had undergone surgical therapy for BM at the authors’ neuro-oncological center. Survival stratification calculated from the day of neurosurgical resection was performed for synchronous vs. metachronous BM diagnosis.

Results

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) was the most common tumor entity of primary site (43%) followed by gastrointestinal cancer (14%) and breast cancer (13%). Synchronous BM occurrence was present in 116 of 353 patients (33%), metachronous BM occurrence was present in 237 of 353 patients (67%). NSCLC was significantly more often diagnosed via resection of the BM (56% synchronous vs. 44% metachronous situation, p = 0.0001). The median overall survival for patients with synchronous BM diagnosis was 12 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.5–16.5) compared to 13 months (95% CI 9.6–16.4) for patients with metachronous BM diagnosis (p = 0.97).

Conclusions

The present study indicates that time of BM diagnosis (synchronous vs. metachronous) does not significantly impact patient survival following surgical therapy of BM. These results suggest that the indication for neurosurgical BM resection should be made regardless of a synchronous or a metachronous time of BM occurrence.
Equal marriage rights and the European Courts
Authors: Shahid Masuma
Published: January 2023

The legalisation of same-sex marriage has taken off globally in the last thirty years, especially in Europe; thirty-three countries around the world, nineteen of which are in Europe, have opened up civil marriage to same-sex couples. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have also had their share of equal marriage rights cases before them to decide upon. This contribution discusses the role the two European courts have played in this field and how their case law has developed, in somewhat parallel stages, throughout the years.
Concomitant fractures in patients with proximal femoral fractures lead to a prolonged hospital stay but not to increased complication rates or in-house mortality if treated surgically: a matched pair analysis
Authors: Fenwick Annabel , Pfann Michael , Mayr Jakob , Antonovska Iana , Von der Helm Franziska , Nuber Stefan , Förch Stefan , Mayr Edgar
Published: January 2023

Background

Impact of concomitant fractures on patients sustaining a proximal femur fracture remains unclear. Rising numbers and patient need for rehab is an important issue. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of concomitant fractures, including all types of fractures, when treated operatively, for proximal femur fractures on the length of hospital stay, in-house mortality and complication rate.

Methods

Observational retrospective cohort single-center study including 85 of 1933 patients (4.4%) with a mean age of 80.5 years, who were operatively treated for a proximal femoral and a concomitant fracture between January 2016 and June 2020. A matched pair analysis based on age, sex, fracture type and anticoagulants was performed. Patient data, length of hospital stay, complications and mortality were evaluated.

Results

The most common fractures were osteoporosis-associated fractures of the distal forearm (n = 34) and the proximal humerus (n = 36). The group of concomitant fractures showed a higher CCI than the control group (5.87 vs. 5.7 points; p < 0.67). Patients with a concurrent fracture had a longer hospital stay than patients with an isolated hip fracture (15.68 vs. 13.72 days; p < 0.056). Complications occurred more often in the group treated only for the hip fracture (11.8%, N = 20), whilst only 7.1% of complications were recorded for concomitant fractures (p < 0.084). The in-house mortality rate was 2.4% and there was no difference between patients with or without a concomitant fracture.

Conclusions

A concomitant fracture to a hip fracture increases the length of hospital stay significantly but does not increase the complication rate or the in-house mortality. This might be due to the early mobilization, which is possible after early operative treatment of both fractures.
A two-stage adaptive penalty method based on co-evolution for constrained evolutionary optimization
Authors: Wang Bing-Chuan , Guo Jing-Jing , Huang Pei-Qiu , Meng Xian-Bing
Published: January 2023

Penalty function method is popular for constrained evolutionary optimization. However, it is non-trivial to set a proper penalty factor for a constrained optimization problem. This paper takes advantage of co-evolution to adjust the penalty factor and proposes a two-stage adaptive penalty method. In the co-evolution stage, the population is divided into multiple subpopulations, each of which is associated with a penalty factor. Through the co-evolution of these subpopulations, the performance of penalty factors can be evaluated. Since different penalty factors are used, the subpopulations will evolve along different directions. Thus, exploration can be enhanced. In the shuffle stage, all subpopulations are merged into a population and the best penalty factor from the co-evolution stage is used to guide the evolution. In this manner, the information interaction among subpopulations can be facilitated; thus, exploitation can be promoted. By executing these two stages iteratively, the feasible optimum could be obtained finally. In the two-stage evolutionary process, the search algorithm is designed based on two trial vector generation strategies of differential evolution. Additionally, a restart mechanism is designed to help the population avoid stagnating in the infeasible region. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Machine Learning for Engineers
Authors: Simeone Osvaldo
Published: January 2023

This self-contained introduction to machine learning, designed from the start with engineers in mind, will equip students with everything they need to start applying machine learning principles and algorithms to real-world engineering problems. With a consistent emphasis on the connections between estimation, detection, information theory, and optimization, it includes: an accessible overview of the relationships between machine learning and signal processing, providing a solid foundation for further study; clear explanations of the differences between state-of-the-art techniques and more classical methods, equipping students with all the understanding they need to make informed technique choices; demonstration of the links between information-theoretical concepts and their practical engineering relevance; reproducible examples using Matlab, enabling hands-on student experimentation. Assuming only a basic understanding of probability and linear algebra, and accompanied by lecture slides and solutions for instructors, this is the ideal introduction to machine learning for engineering students of all disciplines.
Prophets at a Tangent
Authors: Mulgan Geoff
Published: January 2023

This Element asks if the arts can help us imagine a better future society and economy, without deep social gulfs or ecological harm. It argues that at their best, the arts open up new ways of seeing and thinking. They can warn and prompt and connect us to a bigger sense of what we could be. But artists have lost their role as gods and prophets, partly as an effect of digital technologies and the ubiquity of artistic production, and partly as an effect of shifting values. Few recent books, films, artworks or exhibitions have helped us imagine how our world could solve its problems or how it might be better a generation or more from now. This Element argues that artists work best not as prophets of a new society but rather as 'prophets at a tangent'.
Visions and Decisions
Authors: Adolphe Bruce
Published: January 2023

This Element investigates the balance and interaction of imagination (visions) and technique (decisions) in the composition of music and includes current scientific research on dreams, the hypnagogic state, emotions, and feelings. It also includes thoughts of composers past and present, and examines how works start from visions in a range of music, comparing musical ideas and techniques to models in other creative disciplines. The Element elucidates aspects of musical discourse by imagining how Haydn, Mozart, and other composers would order falafel for takeout. This unorthodox approach emphasizes parallels between music and theater that are central to this Element.
The Many Faces of Creativity
Authors: Turner Sarah , Littlemore Jeannette
Published: January 2023

Creative metaphor has been of central interest to the cognitive linguistic research community in recent years. However, little is known about what propels people to use metaphor in a creative way. In this Element, the authors identify and explore some of the clues that synaesthesia may provide to help us better understand the factors that drive creativity, with a particular focus on creative metaphor. They identify the factors that seem to trigger the production of creative metaphor in synaesthetes, and explore what this can tell us about creativity in the population more generally. Their findings provide insights into the nature of creativity as it relates to metaphor, emotion and embodied experience. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.