bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spacer Engineering on Nanosheet FETs towards Device and Circuit Perspective
Authors: Kumari N. Aruna , Sreenivasulu V. Bharath , Ajayan J. , Reddy T. Janardhan , Prithvi P.
Published: May 2023

The Nanosheet FET (NS FET) has proven to be a potential candidate for sub-5-nm nodes. For the first time, in this manuscript, the NS FET performance is demonstrated by incorporating various device engineering at both device and circuit levels. Various device topologies like lightly doped drain/source, underlap, single and dual-k spacer are explored and the performance is compared with conventional NS FET. The NS FET with dual-k spacer is able to reduce the off current by 13.6× compared to the traditional NS FET. Further, the analog/RF figures of merit (FOMs) are assessed for various device configurations. Though the dual-k spacer outperforms in terms of DC and analog metrics, the conventional NS FET can offer better RF metrics owing to the high current. The crucial circuits for IC design such as inverter, ring oscillator, and common source (CS) amplifier are designed and evaluated the performance. The NS FET with dual-k spacer offers a gain of 1.815 for the CS amplifier and an oscillation frequency of 34.09 GHz for the 3-stage ring oscillator. The results will give insights into the performance of NS FET with various device architectures.
Identifying Hub Genes and miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Mice Infected with H1N1 Influenza Virus
Authors: Li Mingyang , He Qizhi , Chen Lingli
Published: May 2023

H1N1 influenza virus is a major factor in seasonal influenza outbreaks. After the body is infected with the influenza virus, the expression of certain mRNAs, including miRNAs, could be affected. However, the association between these mRNAs and miRNAs remains unclear. This study is aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRs) caused by H1N1 influenza virus infection and constructing a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Nine GSE datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, of which seven were mRNA data and two were miRNA data. The limma package in R language package was used to analyze array data, and edgeR package was used to analyze high-throughput sequencing data. At the same time, the genes related to H1N1 infection were further screened by WGCNA analysis. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses by DAVID database, while the STRING database predicted the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The correspondence between miRNA and target mRNA was analyzed by the miRWalk database. Cytoscape software was used to output PPI results, identify hub genes, and construct a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. 114 DEGs and 37 candidate DEmiRs were identified for subsequent analysis. These DEGs were significantly enriched in response to the virus, cytokine activity, and symbiont-containing vacuole membrane. According to KEGG analysis, DEGs were enriched in PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway. The key point Cd274 (PD-L1) was highly expressed in the H1N1-infected group. Finally, a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network (containing 8 candidate DEmiRs and 69 candidate DEGs) and a PPI network were constructed. After that, three hub genes were identified: Ifit3, Stat2, and Irf7. These hub genes and Cd274 were validated by another independent high-throughput dataset and were highly expressed pattern. This study will help researchers gain insights into the intrinsic effects of H1N1 influenza virus infection on the host and suggest a novel association of H1N1 virus with the host immune system.
Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Coronary Catheterization through Distal Transradial Access: A Single-Center Data
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Liu Dan , Guo Jidong , Heisha Nuerbahati , Wang Lei , Zhang Qiang , Han Yihui , Wang Xiping , Zhang Bo , Yuan Jinqing , Gao Lijian
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims. The distal transradial access (dTRA) is a new puncture site for coronary catheterization. We sought to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and complication rates of using the dTRA for cardiac catheterization in Chinese patients. Methods. A total of 263 consecutive patients who underwent catheterization through the dTRA were enrolled. The primary endpoint of the study was the rate of conversion to another access site due to the impossibility of successful artery puncture or intubation. Secondary safety endpoints were the rates of bleeding-related complications and nerve disorders. Results. Among 263 patients, the puncture success rate was 96.2% (253/263). Eleven patients were successfully punctured, but the guide wire was difficult to advance. One patient had intubation failure, and the success rate of intubation was 91.6% (241/263). Two hundred thirty-three patients underwent puncture via the right dTRA, 5 patients underwent puncture via the left dTRA, and 3 patients underwent puncture via the bilateral dTRA. A total of 158 (65.6%) patients underwent coronary angiography, and 83 (34.4%) patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. After the procedure, only 2 (0.8%) patients had mild bleeding at the puncture site, 2 (0.8%) had a forearm hematoma, and no patient had a nerve disorder. Conclusions. DTRA has a low incidence of complications, making it a safe and effective technique for cardiac catheterization.
Structure Enhanced Path Reasoning for Knowledge Graph Completion
Authors: Wang Yilin , Huang Zhen , Hu Minghao , Li Dongsheng , Lu Xicheng , Luo Wei , Yang Dong
Published: May 2023

Knowledge graphs are crucial foundations for building intelligent systems, such as question answering and recommendation. However, their performance is hampered by the incompleteness of KGs, so the knowledge graph completion arises to infer whether a triple of the form (head entity, relation, tail entity) is a missing fact. The path‐based approach that encodes paths from the head entity to the tail entity for reasoning achieves good performance. Previous work suggests that entity type is beneficial for learning path representations. Nevertheless, the semantics of entities are not captured accurately, as many entities are not typed or loosely typed. In addition, previous methods tend to model paths only from the forward direction but fail to capture new path patterns from the reverse direction (i.e., tail entity to head entity). In this paper, we introduce a structure enhanced path reasoning (SPR) framework to address the above‐given problems. First, the model uilizes the structure of entities, i.e., their relational contexts (the relations linked from the given entity), to obtain a reliable path representation that captures correct entity semantics. This information is accessible to all nonisolated entities in all KGs, so that it can compensate the semantics for entities or KGs that have no type available. Second, we leverage the structure of paths to derive their reverse paths, so as to enhance the path representation by additionally encoding the new patterns embedded in them through a dual path encoding method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, we design different architectures based on LSTM and Transformer, respectively. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets, WN18RR, and FB15k‐237, show that our approach apparently outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods on fact prediction task and relation prediction task. Furthermore, extensive experiments illustrate the benefits of enhancing path reasoning by exploiting structure information from entity relational contexts and the dual path encoding method.
lncRNA MIR503HG Targets miR-191-5p/PLCD1 Axis and Negatively Modulates Apoptosis, Extracellular Matrix Disruption, and Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Xinxi , Bai Chao , Yang Zhenwei , Zhang Lei , Luo Jun , Zhang Wenbin
Published: May 2023

As the most prevalent subtype of aortic aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) features the apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption, and inflammation response of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial factors in AAA progression, while the investigations have not been fully explained. miR-191-5p upregulation is found in aortic aneurysm. However, its role in AAA has not been addressed. This research purposed to excavate the possible and associated molecular axis of miR-191-5p in AAA. In our study, miR-191-5p level was detected to be high in the tissues from AAA patients in comparison with the control group. After miR-191-5p expression was enhanced, cell viability was repressed, cell apoptosis was boosted, and ECM disruption and the inflammation response were fortified. Furthermore, the relationship among MIR503HG, miR-191-5p, and phospholipase C delta 1 (PLCD1) in VSMCs was disclosed via mechanism assays. Decreased MIR503HG lacked the inhibition on miR-191-5p targeting PLCD1, resulting in downregulation of PLCD1, which facilitated the progression of AAA. Thus, targeting MIR503HG/miR-191-5p/PLCD1 pathway will provide an additional method for the cure of AAA patients.
Influence of Duct Configurations on the Performance of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Dryer for Drying Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Suleiman Salum Abdulkarim , Pogrebnoi Alexander , Kivevele Thomas T.
Published: May 2023

In the present study, a solar-assisted heat pump dryer (SAHPD) has been designed, fabricated, and tested its performance on drying tobacco leaves. The hot air generated from the solar collector and condenser unit of the heat pump was used as a source of heat in the drying chamber. In this study, we investigated the influence of three duct configurations (open, partially closed, and completely closed) on the thermal performance of SAHPD to establish the best configuration for drying tobacco leaves. The average drying temperature was found to be 66, 64, and 60°C; the coefficient of performance of the heat pump was 3.4, 3.2, and 3.0; the heat energy contribution from the solar collector was 6.6%, 5.0%, and 5.1% while for the condenser was 93.4%, 95.0%, and 94.9%, and electrical energy consumption was 2.3, 2.8, and 2.6 kWh, for the open, partially closed, and completely closed duct system, respectively. Based on these results, the open system demonstrated the best performance. According to the study’s findings, SAHPD has been shown to be an energy-efficient method of drying tobacco leaves and is environmentally friendly as opposed to the conventional use of wood fuel, which results in environmental pollution, desertification, and deforestation.
Accuracy Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporating Recycled Aggregate Using Ensemble Learning Algorithms: Multinational Dataset
Authors: Phoeuk Menghay , Kwon Minho
Published: May 2023

The use of alternative materials and recycling in construction has gained popularity in recent years as part of the industry’s commitment to sustainability. One such material, recycled aggregates, has been extensively studied over the past two decades for its potential to replace natural aggregates in cement-based composites. However, the unique properties of recycled aggregates make traditional concrete mix design methods ineffective in determining their target compressive strength. To address this challenge, four machine learning models based on ensemble learning algorithms, including CatBoost regressor (CatBoost), light gradient-boosting machine regressor (LGBM), random forest regressor (RFR), and extreme gradient-boosting regressor (XGBoost), were employed to predict the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete. Results demonstrate that the proposed models are highly accurate and generalizable, with high coefficients of determination and low error predictions. The CatBoost model performed the best, exhibiting an R2 of 0.938 and low mean absolute error and root mean squared error values of 2.639 and 3.885, respectively, in the blind evaluation process. Although the random forest regression algorithm performed the least well among the four models, it still outperformed conventional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines and artificial neural networks. The findings in this study suggested that the CatBoost model is the optimal choice for predicting concrete’s compressive strength due to its high accuracy and low prediction error.
Analyze the Mechanical Characteristics of Fabricated MMCs on Nanocarbon Influencing with Polymer Composites
Authors: Vinayaka N. , Bodukuri Anil Kumar , Jadhav Ganesh K. , Padmamalini N. , Pandey Sumit Kumar , Balasubramanian M. , Immanuel Durai Raj J. , Suresh Kumar M. , Singh Balkeshwar
Published: May 2023

The intention of this research is to recapitulate the two different fillers like E glass fiber and nanocarbon fiber, which were utilized to fabricate the polymer matrix composites by the assistance of epoxy resin. The mechanical compression molding was influenced to produce the polymer-based nanocomposites under consideration of optimal process parameters. There are three different weight fractions E glass fiber (40%, 45%, and 50%), nanocarbon fiber (10%, 15%, and 20%), and epoxy concentrations (30%, 40%, and 50%), respectively, that were used to produce the polymer matrix composites. Those processing parameters were designed by the L9 Taguchi with DOE technique to conduct the mechanical tests like tensile strength and hardness properties. The signal-to-noise ratios were successfully accomplished to identify optimal process parameters for improving the individual responses. The ANOVA and interaction was additional supports to enhance the mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscope was used to examine the fracture surfaces at the tensile fracture specimens with optimal conditions. Moreover, the maximum mechanical characteristics were attained by the increasing of nanocarbon fiber in the processed polymer matrix composites.
Exploration of Tunnel Lining Falling Block Remediation Using Polyurea Material
Authors: Yang Changyu , Yuan Xun , Wang Fang , Zhu Yong , Chen Ang , Zheng Jieyuan , Yang Yi , Wang Hui , Guo Jijun
Published: May 2023

Tunnel lining falling blocks can cause great threats to traffic safety, resulting in traffic interruptions or speed limits and endangering operational safety. Traditional lining disease remediation measures have low efficiency and high costs and are time consuming. Combining the research methods used in the literature, indoor testing, and model experiments, a very normal material, namely, polyurea spray film material, is proposed as a means by which to remediate the lining falling block disease in tunnels. A 1 : 1 tunnel lining structure model was established at the site, and four experimental conditions were tested. The experiments revealed that the tensile stress was less than the tensile strength and that no tensile fracture occurred in the polyurea spray film material under the joint action of the block’s self‐weight and aerodynamic loads. Factors such as side seam treatment, surface sanding, and spray temperature may influence the bond strength of the polyurea spray film material. In order to remediate the issue of lining blocks falling, we recommended increasing the bond strength between the spray film material and the concrete or increasing the thickness of the polyurea spray film material.
Spermidine Retarded the Senescence of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro and In Vivo through SIRT3-Mediated Antioxidation
Authors: Huang Hua , Zhang Wen , Su Junjie , Zhou Bisheng , Han Qingjiang
Published: May 2023

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expand in vitro and undergo replicative senescence, thereby restricting their clinical utilization. Thus, an effective strategy is required to impede MSC senescence. Since spermidine (SPD) supplementation can prolong the lifespan of yeast by inhibiting oxidative stress, spermidine is a potential option for delaying MSC senescence. In this study, to test our hypothesis, we first isolated primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Subsequently, the appropriate SPD dose was administered during continuous cell cultivation. Next, we evaluated the antisenescence effects by SA-β-gal staining, Ki67 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, adipogenic or osteogenic ability, senescence-associated markers, and DNA damage markers. The results revealed that early SPD intervention significantly delays the replicative senescence of hUCMSCs and constrains premature H2O2-induced senescence. Additionally, by silencing SIRT3, the SPD-mediated antisenescence effects disappear, further demonstrating that SIRT3 is necessary for SPD to exert its antisenescence effects on hUCMSCs. Besides, the findings of this study also suggest that SPD in vivo protects MSCs against oxidative stress and delays cell senescence. Thus, MSCs maintain the ability to proliferate and differentiate efficiently in vitro and in vivo, which reflects the potential clinical utilization of MSCs in the future.
Metformin Reprograms Tryptophan Metabolism to Stimulate CD8+ T-cell Function in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Sun Tiantian , Wang Jilin , Hong Xialu , Chen Huimin , Yan Tingting , Zhou Chengbei , Sun Danfeng , Yang Chen , Yu TaChung , Su Wenyu , Du Wan , Xiong Hua
Published: May 2023

Colorectal carcinogenesis coincides with immune cell dysfunction. Metformin has been reported to play a role in stimulating antitumor immunity, suggesting it could be used to overcome immunosuppression in colorectal cancer. Herein, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we showed that metformin remodels the immune landscape of colorectal cancer. In particular, metformin treatment expanded the proportion of CD8+ T cells and potentiated their function. Analysis of the metabolic activities of cells in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) at a single-cell resolution demonstrated that metformin reprogrammed tryptophan metabolism, which was reduced in colorectal cancer cells and increased in CD8+ T cells. Untreated colorectal cancer cells outcompeted CD8+ T cells for tryptophan, leading to impaired CD8+ T-cell function. Metformin in turn reduced tryptophan uptake by colorectal cancer cells, thereby restoring tryptophan availability for CD8+ T cells and increasing their cytotoxicity. Metformin inhibited tryptophan uptake in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating MYC, which led to a reduction in the tryptophan transporter SLC7A5. This work highlights metformin as an essential regulator of T-cell antitumor immunity by reprogramming tryptophan metabolism, suggesting it could be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for treating colorectal cancer.

Significance:

Analysis of the impact of metformin on the colorectal cancer immunometabolic landscape at a single-cell resolution shows that metformin alters cancer cell tryptophan metabolism to stimulate CD8+ T-cell antitumor activity.
Data from Tobacco Smoke is a Major Source of Aromatic Amine Exposure in U.S. Adults: 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Seyler Tiffany , Mazumder Shrila , Ahamed Rayaj , Zhu Wanzhe , Blount Benjamin C. , Apelberg Benjamin J. , Wang Lanqing
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and premature death. Aromatic amines (AAs) are found in cigarette smoke and are well-established human bladder carcinogens.

Methods:
We measured and compared total urinary levels of 1-aminonaphthalene (1AMN), 2-aminonaphthalene (2AMN), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP) in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively and in adult nonusers of tobacco products from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized U.S. population in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results:
Sample-weighted geometric mean concentrations of AAs in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively compared to adult nonusers were 30 times higher for 1AMN and 4-6 times higher for 2AMN and 4ABP. We evaluated the association of tobacco-smoke exposure with urinary AAs using sample-weighted multiple linear regression models to control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diet, and urinary creatinine. Secondhand smoke exposure status was categorized using serum cotinine (SCOT) among adult nonusers (SCOT≤10 ng/mL). The exposure for adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively (SCOT>10 ng/mL) was categorized based on the average number of self-reported cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in the five days prior to urine collection. The regression models show AAs concentration increased with increasing CPD (p<0.001). Dietary-intake variables derived from the 24-hours recall questionnaire were not consistently significant predictors of urinary AAs.

Conclusions:
This is the first characterized total urinary AA concentrations of the U.S. adult non-institutionalized population. Our analyses show that smoking status is a major contributor to AA exposures.

Impact:
These data provide a crucial baseline for exposure to three AAs in U.S. non-institutionalized adults.
MEK Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to STING Agonism by Tumor Cell–intrinsic Amplification of Type I IFN Signaling
Authors: Ghukasyan Razmik , Liang Keke , Chau Kevin , Li Luyi , Chan Charlotte , Abt Evan R. , Le Thuc , Park Joon Y. , Wu Nanping , Premji Alykhan , Damoiseaux Robert , Luu Tony , Labora Amanda , Rashid Khalid , Link Jason M. , Radu Caius G. , Donahue Timothy R.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are currently in development for treatment of solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Response rates to STING agonists alone have been promising yet modest, and combination therapies will likely be required to elicit their full potency. We sought to identify combination therapies and mechanisms that augment the tumor cell–intrinsic effect of therapeutically relevant STING agonists apart from their known effects on tumor immunity.

Experimental Design:

We screened 430 kinase inhibitors to identify synergistic effectors of tumor cell death with diABZI, an intravenously administered and systemically available STING agonist. We deciphered the mechanisms of synergy with STING agonism that cause tumor cell death in vitro and tumor regression in vivo.

Results:

We found that MEK inhibitors caused the greatest synergy with diABZI and that this effect was most pronounced in cells with high STING expression. MEK inhibition enhanced the ability of STING agonism to induce type I IFN-dependent cell death in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. We parsed NFκB-dependent and NFκB-independent mechanisms that mediate STING-driven type I IFN production and show that MEK signaling inhibits this effect by suppressing NFκB activation.

Conclusions:

Our results highlight the cytotoxic effects of STING agonism on PDAC cells that are independent of tumor immunity and that these therapeutic benefits of STING agonism can be synergistically enhanced by MEK inhibition.
Data from RP-3500: A Novel, Potent, and Selective ATR Inhibitor that is Effective in Preclinical Models as a Monotherapy and in Combination with PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Roulston Anne , Zimmermann Michal , Papp Robert , Skeldon Alexander , Pellerin Charles , Dumas-Bérube Émilie , Dumais Valerie , Dorich Stéphane , Fader Lee D. , Fournier Sara , Li Li , Leclaire Marie-Eve , Yin Shou Yun , Chefson Amandine , Alam Hunain , Yang William , Fugère-Desjardins Chloe , Vignini-Hammond Sabrina , Skorey Kathryn , Mulani Amina , Rimkunas Victoria , Veloso Artur , Hamel Martine , Stocco Rino , Mamane Yael , Li Zuomei , Young Jordan T.F. , Zinda Michael , Black W. Cameron
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase protects genome integrity during DNA replication. RP-3500 is a novel, orally bioavailable clinical-stage ATR kinase inhibitor (NCT04497116). RP-3500 is highly potent with IC50 values of 1.0 and 0.33 nmol/L in biochemical and cell-based assays, respectively. RP-3500 is highly selective for ATR with 30-fold selectivity over mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and more than 2,000-fold selectivity over ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) kinases. In vivo, RP-3500 treatment results in potent single-agent efficacy and/or tumor regression in multiple xenograft models at minimum effective doses (MED) of 5 to 7 mg/kg once daily. Pharmacodynamic assessments validate target engagement, with dose-proportional tumor inhibition of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (pCHK1) (IC80 = 18.6 nmol/L) and induction of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone (γH2AX), phosphorylated DNA-PK catalytic subunit (pDNA-PKcs), and phosphorylated KRAB-associated protein 1 (pKAP1). RP-3500 exposure at MED indicates that circulating free plasma levels above the in vivo tumor IC80 for 10 to 12 hours are sufficient for efficacy on a continuous schedule. However, short-duration intermittent (weekly 3 days on/4 days off) dosing schedules as monotherapy or given concomitantly with reduced doses of olaparib or niraparib, maximize tumor growth inhibition while minimizing the impact on red blood cell depletion, emphasizing the reversible nature of erythroid toxicity with RP-3500 and demonstrating superior efficacy compared with sequential treatment. These results provide a strong preclinical rationale to support ongoing clinical investigation of the novel ATR inhibitor, RP-3500, on an intermittent schedule as a monotherapy and in combination with PARP inhibitors as a potential means of maximizing clinical benefit.
Preclinical Evaluation of 9MW2821, a Site-Specific Monomethyl Auristatin E–based Antibody–Drug Conjugate for Treatment of Nectin-4–expressing Cancers
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fang Peng , Yu Dongan , Ren Hongyuan , You Meng , Yin Long , Mei Fei , Zhu Huikai , Wang Zhenzhen , Xu Hui , Cao Yuxia , Sun Xiaowei , Xu Xiaohong , Bi Jianjun , Wang Jin , Ma Lanping , Wang Xin , Chen Lin , Zhang Yongliang , Cen Xiaowei , Zhu Xi , Lou Liguang , Liu Datao , Tan Xiaoding , Yang Jinliang , Meng Tao , Shen Jingkang
Published: May 2023

Overexpression of nectin cell adhesion protein 4 correlates with cancer progression and poor prognosis in many human malignancies. Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is the first nectin-4–targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) approved by the FDA for the treatment of urothelial cancer. However, inadequate efficacy has limited progress in the treatment of other solid tumors with EV. Furthermore, ocular, pulmonary, and hematologic toxic side effects are common in nectin-4–targeted therapy, which frequently results in dose reduction and/or treatment termination. Thus, we designed a second generation nectin-4–specific drug, 9MW2821, based on interchain-disulfide drug conjugate technology. This novel drug contained a site specifically conjugated humanized antibody and the cytotoxic moiety monomethyl auristatin E. The homogenous drug–antibody ratio and novel linker chemistry of 9MW2821 increased the stability of conjugate in the systemic circulation, enabling highly efficient drug delivery and avoiding off-target toxicity. In preclinical evaluation, 9MW2821 exhibited nectin-4–specific cell binding, efficient internalization, bystander killing, and equivalent or superior antitumor activity compared with EV in both cell line–derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In addition, 9MW2821 demonstrated a favorable safety profile; the highest nonseverely toxic dose in monkey toxicologic studies was 6 mg/kg, with milder adverse events compared with EV. Overall, 9MW2821 is a nectin-4–directed, investigational ADC based on innovative technology that endowed the drug with compelling preclinical antitumor activity and a favorable therapeutic index. The 9MW2821 ADC is being investigated in a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT05216965 and NCT05773937) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
An intelligent wind turbine with yaw mechanism using machine learning to reduce high-cost sensors quantity
Authors: Bhandari Abhi Subrotho , Kumar Saha Plabon , Tahmidul Kabir A. Z. M. , Mizan Al Mamun , Minhazur Rahman Mohammad , Talukder Mimi Afrina , Ahsan Md. Mainul , Hoque Arpita , Nusrat Humyra
Published: May 2023

In this paper, with the assistance of some tools and a machine learning model, a smart wind turbine was formed that eliminates some expensive sensors and reduces sensor complexity. Squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and six rotor blades make up the proposed design, and depending on the wind's direction, the turbine itself can rotate the rotor hub to produce energy more effectively. Additionally, two stepper motors are coupled to the yaw mechanism with the aid of the rotor hub, and the entire controlling procedure will depend on the direction of the wind. The rotor hub must continuously revolve in the same direction as the wind to maximize wind energy utilization. Additionally, to correctly predict wind degrees, a machine learning model was deployed. Random forest regression was used to train and predict the wind direction. The model is deployed in Raspberry Pi, where the incoming sensor values are being stored. Using the generated data, machine learning model was trained and it can be concluded that the model can potentially replace some of the expensive sensors to reduce cost. The model can be used for similar weather conditions only based on machine learning model and fewer sensors.
Corona destroyer based ultra violet sanitizing robot
Authors: Ezzat Kadry Ali , Omran Lamia Nabil , Ismail Ahmed Adel , Bahgat El Seddawy Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

Every country in the globe has been profoundly affected by the coronavirus epidemic, and these countries are struggling with how to clean the affected areas quickly and effectively. This project aims to contribute to the fight against the spread of the coronavirus by quickly, safely, and effectively cleaning medical clinics. Regular cleaning and disinfection might reassure people and increase their confidence in the lessened risk of the spread of communicable diseases. Robots that use ultraviolet C (UVC) sanitizers can quickly and effectively clean the clinic rooms. In addition to cleaning patient seating areas, clinical equipment, restrooms, and above controls. The use of UVC technology effectively eliminates airborne germs in medical clinics. The results of UVC disinfection performance indicated a 92% reduction in the total bacterial count (TBC) at 0.5 metres from the robot after 8 minutes of UVC irradiation.
Positioning an electric wheelchair in 2D grid map based on natural landmarks for navigation using Q-learning
Authors: Ngo Ba-Viet , Nguyen Thanh-Hai
Published: May 2023

Self-mobility electric wheelchairs are very useful for people with disabilities, so they can move without help in indoor environments. To create one selfmobility electric wheelchair, modern methods for control such as computer vision and machine learning can be applied. In particular, this electric wheelchair can move from any position in the indoor environment to the desired destination. For accuracy, natural landmarks are used and the navigation of the wheelchair is determined using a Q-learning reinforcement learning algorithm. In particular, this algorithm is applied to find the best path for the wheelchair to reach the destination. The article proposes a method to build one 2D grid map for wheelchair movement based on natural landmarks in the indoor environment. The new point of this method is that the position of the wheelchair can be accurately determined from a certain landmark instead of many landmarks applied in traditional methods. Some practical experiments were performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the indoor environment. This proposed method can be developed in more complex environments with natural landmarks.
A low-power high speed full adder cell using carbon nanotube field effect transistors
Authors: Reddy Eamani Ramakrishna , Nallathambi Vinodhkumar , Asaithambi Sasikumar
Published: May 2023

The adder circuit is basic component of arithmetic logic design and that is the most important block of processor architecture. Moreover, power consumption is the main concern for real-time digital systems. In recent times, carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET) used for arithmetic circuit designs with high performance. A creative substitute for highspeed, less power, and small size in area designs is the CNTFET. This paper presents 1- bit full adder with CNTFETs for low power and high performance. Using the computer aided design (CAD) tool the proposed 1-bit full adder design model is simulated using 32 nm with CNTFET technology, a voltage supply of +0.9V. Performance comparisons between various proposed designs and existing 1-bit full adder design have been made in terms of the delay, power, and power delay product (PDP). The proposed CNFET logic also design for n-bit carry look adder (CLA) and compare it to other CLAs to evaluate performance and reliability. The simulation results shows that the proposed adder consume less power than existing adders.
Underdetermined direction of arrival estimation for multiple input and multiple outputs sparse channel based on Bayesian learning framework
Authors: Narayanaswamy Anughna , Muniyappa Ramesha
Published: May 2023

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for a sparse channel has attracted serious attention recently. Better signal analysis and denoising achieve accuracy in DOA determination. This paper proposes an underdetermined DOA estimation for multiple input and multiple outputs (MIMO) sparse channels. A novel multi-kernel-based non-negative sparse Bayesian learning (MK NNSBL) framework is implemented using the multiplied form of basis vector within the manifold matrix for a defined grid. Meanwhile, virtual antenna locations are reconfigured by exploiting the conventional cuckoo search algorithm (CCSA) for the fine reception of incoming signals on a nonuniform linear array (NULA). The simulated results reveal that the novel approach outperforms in its optimal root mean square error (RMSE) for various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limits and the compilation time. The convergence comparative graph indicates the improved performance in the proposed framework over existing algorithms.
Infant heart rate estimation based on non-contact UV photoplethysmography
Authors: Ali Hashim Huda , Mahmood Ahmed Nibras , Ghazi Shabeeb Ali
Published: May 2023

Non-contact cardio signal monitoring is a requisite for premature infants, as adhesive sensors and electrodes such as that for an electrocardiogram can damage the epidermis. Many types of research on infants in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) are still in their early stages with many challenges. Therefore, this study aims to use a digital camera as a non-contact photoplethysmography imaging method to measure and compare the heart rate from two experiments (without/with ultraviolet rays (UV)) inside the intensive care unit. The two experiments (without/with UV) rays yielded promising results in comparison with the reference measurements obtained from ten infants. The results reveal a robust correlation using the pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) of 0.99 (for without UV) and 0.96 (for with UV). Also, the spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) test of 0.97 and 0.95 for two experiments, respectively Bland–Altman analysis revealed a strong relationship between measured and reference readings from without and with UV. The experimental results obtained a low error rate for mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). Therefore, this work presents a new aspect of non-contact monitoring, showing promising performance for upcoming medical applications.
Detecting man-in-the-middle attacks via hybrid quantumclassical protocol in software-defined network
Authors: A. Jawad Thakwan , Nahel Mahmood Awan , N. Hameed Abdulhameed
Published: May 2023

Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks became one of the most risk attacks on OpenFlow communication channel in software-defined networking, its detection is a very hard task due there is no authentication in OpenFlow protocol. This channel is the most important in the network and is responsible for sending the control commands from the controller to the switches, so once the OpenFlow channel is hacked, the entire network is controlled by the attacker. Therefore, we propose a complementary solution to transport layer security protocol to detect man-in-the-middle attacks based on hybrid quantum-classical protocol. Based on the hybrid protocol, an easy-toimplement authentication between controller and switches depends on quantum and classical security layers. Also, detect eavesdropping on channel depending on quantum parameters. In this paper, we implement a simulation of hybrid protocol using a software-defined networking emulator for monitoring the OpenFlow channel to detect attacks, and the results showed the ease of detecting the eavesdrop and verifying the authentication of the other party with a hybrid method to get a high level of authentication.
Design of graphene-based multi-input multi-output antenna for 6G/IoT applications
Authors: Hikmat Abd Reem , Ali Abdulnabi Hussein
Published: May 2023

In the future, 6G wireless communications will be integrated into various applications. It is expected that it will handle all Internet of Things services as well as satellite communications. Additionally, it is predicted to support machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). So this work investigated four orthogonal ports graphene-based multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna in the terahertz frequency regime. With wide-band (7.1-13) THz, minimum return loss close to -30 dB and a good isolation value. That was designed over silicon dioxide (Sio2) 100×100 substrate with a thickness of 10 µm and a maximum gain reaching 8.3 dB at 11 THz. By adjusting the provided DC voltage, the chemical potential of graphene can be tuned, which in turn allows for the MIMO antenna characteristics to be changed. Envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) were investigated for the presented design. In addition, these values were determined to assess compatibility and difficulties connected with communication over a short distance. The geometry of the MIMO antenna is adaptable to various applications in the THz band with highperformance requirements, such as sensing, scanning for security threats, biomedical applications, wireless communication systems with high speed built on the 6G standard, and the internet of things (IoT).
Supercapacitor based cost effective hybrid energy storage system with reduction in battery size for diesel generator cold cranking
Authors: Moholkar Avinash P. , Bankar Deepak S. , Karandikar Parashuram B.
Published: May 2023

The supercapacitor characteristic of high-power delivery coupled with very fast charge/discharge cycles find its use in hybrid energy storage systems. In this paper, the supercapacitor bank is integrated with small capacity lead-acid battery for the development of cost-effective hybrid energy storage system to crank vintage model of diesel-generator. The developed system uses microcontroller-based controls with active voltage balancing circuit with reliable cranking, enhanced battery life and reduced failures at low temperatures are the advantages of the developed system. The developed system resulted in battery size reduction by almost 80%, and thus, reduction in its replacement cost, besides devising a general formula for the sizing of supercapacitor bank for different diesel generators is an innovative outcome of the research study. The multiple cold cranking in a single charge of supercapacitor bank is another novelty, with the charging of supercapacitor bank from the available automobile battery is the added feature in the developed hybrid energy storage system. The developed system paves the ways for the reduced maintenance.
Weathers effect on the free space optics communication system
Authors: Thaeer Mahmood Fadhela , H. Ali Alaa , H. Ali Haeder Alaa
Published: May 2023

Unlicensed spectrum is used in free space optics (FSO) communication, significantly increasing available bandwidth. Regardless of the weather, the most immediate concern is the link's performance and availability. Changes in the weather might impact the reliability of the link substantially. As a result, iterative optimization is being used to reduce the impact of weather and geography on FSO communication. In addition to enhancing visibility, this enhancement also reduces the bit error rate (BER). The system's wireless optical communication technology supports a data rate of up to 10 Gbps. The proposed wireless optical communication performance is compared to existing technologies regarding the visible distance, quality factor, BER, and eye diagram in various meteorological circumstances. Simulations show that the proposed work is more efficient.
A 28/38 GHz tuned reconfigurable antenna for 5G mobile communications
Authors: A. Refaat Samar , A. Mohamed Hesham , M. Abdelhady Abdelhady , S. Mohra Ashraf
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a compact tuned reconfigurable microstrip antenna for fifth generation (5G) mobile communications is designed to operate at 28 GHz or 38 GHz or both frequencies. The proposed antenna can be reconfigured by using a group of PIN diodes switches across a slit in the upper traditional patch antenna or through the ground plane side. The tuning between the 28 GHz and 38GHz frequency bands can be achieved through ON/OFF states of the PIN diodes switches. The tuned reconfigurable antenna is simulated using CST software package and then fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results show good agreement with a little deviation. The proposed tuned antenna is small in size with 18×11.25 mm2 overall area.
Information security investment prioritization using best-worst method for small and medium enterprises
Authors: Hendi Muhammad Alva , Dwi Santoso Joko , Fikri Akbar Ananda
Published: May 2023

In recent years, cyber security has become an increasingly important aspect of the decision-making process of corporations. It is essential to make investments in cybersecurity at this point to guard against the frequent disruption of business operations posed by cyberattacks. In the context of small and medium-sized organizations, this study recommends using a multicriteria decision-making technique to evaluate information security aspects. The information security index is derived as the foundation for every one of these features. The best-worst method is carried out to establish the best and worst possible security investments. In order to validate these findings, a survey was distributed to a variety of professionals and business decisionmakers. The criteria for selection are laid forth in the form of categories labeled technology and organization, respectively. The findings are presented in a rating system with three tiers, with the highest level representing the absolute best of the results. In the final section of the study, we will examine potential future possibilities for research and policy.
The effectiveness of the Hermite wavelet discrete filter technique in modify a convolutional neural network for person identification
Authors: Shaker Tahir Fouad , Abdulelah Abdulrahman Asma
Published: May 2023

Classification is of great importance in the field of image processing, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in this field. Although CNN has proven to be a powerful technology for image recognition problems, it has failed in complex situations involving many realworld applications (for example, visual monitoring and automated driver assistance). Where it is difficult to detect a human in a series of images for various reasons. One of these reasons is the difference in the size of the human body, the height of the platform to which the camera is attached during the task of capturing accurate images, and the short training time in using the cameras, all of which are important factors to consider for the robustness and effectiveness of the human classification system. In this paper, a new deep CNN-based learning model is designed based on a new discrete waveform transformation (DWT) derived from discrete Hermit wavelet transform (DHWT) instead of modular wavelet, and the second stage is to train the convolutional neural network Hermit wavelets (HWCNN) is the most accurate and efficient deep learning.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms with regression analysis to predict the COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand
Authors: Sengsri Supanee , Khunratchasana Kheamparit
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, there are more than 5 million infected people and the rate has been increasing at some point. It is therefore important to forecast the number of new cases over a short period of time to assist in strategic planning for the response to COVID-19. The purpose of this research paper was to compare the efficiency and prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in Thailand using machine learning of 8 models using a regression analysis method. Using the 475-day dataset of COVID-19 cases in Thailand, the results showed that the predictive accuracy model (R2 score) from the testing dataset was the random forest (RF) model, which was 99.06%, followed by K-nearest neighbor (KNN), XGBoost. And the decision tree (DT) had the precision of 98.97, 98.67, and 98.64, respectively. And the results of the comparison of the number of infected people obtained from the prediction The models that predicted the number of real infections were the decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost, which were effective at predicting the number of infections correctly in the 2-4 day period.
Fragmentation aware heuristic algorithm for routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks
Authors: Mogannaiah Hamsaveni , Choudhary Savita , Kenchappa Paramesha
Published: May 2023

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is one of the dominating technologies with high-capacity back bone networks. The cost associated with the high-capacity networks given more importance. The major issue is allocating and managing the available resources. To achieve this most efficient algorithms has to be used. We are considering the routing of lightpath and wavelength assignment problem, called as the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem. The optimization of wavelength fragmentation in the WDM network is very much important in resource utilization. Wavelength fragmentation is one of the most important challenges in the area of the WDM network. Where it leads to some serious issues for the operators, such as the rejection of new requests. We are using integer linear program (ILP), here the problem is based on the node link formation. It is based on the multilayer concept and the original WDM network consists of several layers. We propose an efficient heuristic approach to solve this problem of finding the shortest path and assigning a wavelength without wavelength conversion. The model achieves better performance with fragmentation aware wavelength allocation strategy that minimizes fragmentation.
The facilities of detection by using a tool of Wireshark
Authors: R. Hashim Sarah , A. Enad Rusul , M. Al-khafagi Alyaa , Kamil Abdalhameed Noor
Published: May 2023

Wireshark is easy for using as a packet inspection tool, in additional the feature of packets colorizing is easy for a various type of traffic. This paper exemplifies how Wireshark is used in networks as a tool. To clarify the effectiveness of malicious packet identification in any network, an experiment was conducted. Using the Wireshark program, testing was carried out in real time through experimentation and analysis. Inferences were drawn that clearly show Wireshark's capabilities as a tool in a powerful system for discovering the breach. The functionality of Wireshark is to analyze the network protocol and its open-source features for enabling the addition of likely tasks in the detecting devices were emphasized. Wireshark's skills for handling and interpreting packet data have been highlighted and the access control list (ACL) filtering has been the main application of Wireshark.