bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal thirdhand exposure to e-cigarette vapor alters lung and bone marrow immune cell responses in offspring in the absence or presence of influenza infection
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Thorpe Andrew E. , Yarak Rochelle , Coward-Smith Madison , Pillar Amber L. , Gomez Henry M. , Feng Min , Bai Xu , Wang Meng , Xenaki Dia , Horvat Jay C. , Chen Hui , Oliver Brian G. G. , Kim Richard Y.
Published: September 2024

Maternal exposure to environmental residues of e-cigarette use has significant effects on immune cell responses in the lungs and bone marrow of offspring at both baseline and in response to influenza A virus (Flu) infection.
Normalization of Muc5b ameliorates airway mucus plugging during persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the CFTR–/– rat
Authors: Murphree-Terry Mikayla , Keith Johnathan D. , Oden Ashley M. , Birket Susan E.
Published: September 2024

Although highly effective modulator therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) have improved mucus-related outcomes of disease for people with CF, eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection has not been achieved in this population. In addition, current therapies for CF do not target mucin hypersecretion directly. Here, we show that a novel approach of normalizing airway Muc5b hypersecretion ameliorates infection-induced mucus plugging and neutrophilic inflammation during persistent PA infection in CFTR–/– rats.
Virtual Reality Technology for Physical and Cognitive Function Rehabilitation in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kamari MahgolZahra , Siqueira Vitor , Bakare Jemimah , Sebastião Emerson
Published: September 2024

Virtual reality (VR) has significantly expanded the possibilities of medical treatment, particularly in the realm of rehabilitation. VR utilizes advanced technologies to create simulated environments that users perceive as analogous to the real world. Researchers have demonstrated that VR can effectively train motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. This manuscript offers a concise review of recent evidence concerning the effects of VR training on key clinical symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), with the aim of highlighting VR’s potential as a complementary rehabilitative tool for improving ubiquitous symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)—a neurodegenerative, often disabling, disease. In addition to presenting a brief overview of recent literature on VR for pwMS, this narrative review seeks to provide health professionals with a foundational understanding of VR as a rehabilitative tool in MS. Furthermore, it may aid in identifying gaps in the literature and stimulate the development of new hypotheses and theories regarding the use of VR in patients with a neurodegenerative disease.
Sealing Degradation Modeling and Reliability Analysis Method of Deep‐Water Pipeline Connector Based on the Two‐Phase Nonlinear Wiener Process
Authors: Zeng Wei , Tian Xumin , Chen Haisheng , Sun Wen
Published: September 2024

The deep‐water pipeline connector (DPC) is a key piece of equipment for the connection of multiple facilities located in different positions of the subsea production system. Establishing a DPC sealing degradation model considering the internal corrosion can provide a basis for its structural design and maintenance. Considering the characteristics of nonlinear and multiphase for the DPC degradation process, a two‐phase nonlinear Wiener process is applied to establish a DPC degradation model. It can reasonably consider the commonly encountered situation that a change point locates among the test times. DPC reliability analysis and lifetime prediction methods are constructed after a maximum likelihood method is employed to estimate the hyperparameters of the established degradation model. Finally, a subsea Christmas tree wellhead connector is taken as an example to verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that the proposed method can describe the nonlinear time‐varying properties caused by the DPC internal corrosion more accurate and reasonable than other traditional classic methods, and a more reasonable lifetime assessment result can be obtained.
Supplementary Table S2 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Representativeness of study participants.
Supplementary Figure S9 from Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab + Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN): Outcomes by PD-L1 Expression and Tissue Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Chen Yuanbin , Reinmuth Niels , Hotta Katsuyuki , Poltoratskiy Artem , Trukhin Dmytro , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Ji Jun Ho , Statsenko Galina , Conev Nikolay , Bondarenko Igor , Havel Libor , Losonczy György , Xie Mingchao , Lai Zhongwu , Godin-Heymann Nadia , Mann Helen , Jiang Haiyi , Shrestha Yashaswi , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Distribution of tTMB scores by treatment arm in the tTMB BEP.
2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Thompson Annemarie , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , de las Fuentes Lisa , Mukherjee Debabrata , Aggarwal Niti R. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Allen Robert B. , Altin S. Elissa , Auerbach Andrew , Berger Jeffrey S. , Chow Benjamin , Dakik Habib A. , Eisenstein Eric L. , Gerhard-Herman Marie , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Kachulis Bessie , Leclerc Jacinthe , Lee Christopher S. , Macaulay Tracy E. , Mates Gail , Merli Geno J. , Parwani Purvi , Poole Jeanne E. , Rich Michael W. , Ruetzler Kurt , Stain Steven C. , Sweitzer BobbieJean , Talbot Amy W. , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Whittle John , Williams Kim Allan
Published: September 2024

AIM:

The “2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023 to identify clinical studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline.

STRUCTURE:

Recommendations from the “2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery” have been updated with new evidence consolidated to guide clinicians; clinicians should be advised this guideline supersedes the previously published 2014 guideline. In addition, evidence-based management strategies, including pharmacological therapies, perioperative monitoring, and devices, for cardiovascular disease and associated medical conditions, have been developed.
Escape to Judaism: Levinas’s First Steps toward Becoming a Jewish Thinker
Authors: Perelsztejn Niv
Published: September 2024

This paper recontextualizes Emmanuel Levinas’s intellectual journey of the 1930s, focusing on his first philosophical and Jewish writings and his initial criticism of Martin Heidegger. It demonstrates Levinas’s philosophical transformation using newly discovered texts alongside published writings. These texts illustrate the early stage of his philosophical development and its connection to his first involvements with Jewish thought. An English translation of a newly discovered radio talk Levinas gave in 1937 is appended. This lecture enables a glimpse into the historical and philosophical context of the journey taken by a young immigrant Jewish philosopher in the intellectual scene of 1930s Paris.
Master with the lion head in a shield: A new attribution of the ornamental cup of Veere (c. 1547-1548)
Authors: Schonkeren Hanne
Published: September 2024

The city hall of Veere, in the Dutch province of Zeeland, preserves an extraordinary fire-gilded silver ornamental cup on foot. This precious object, depicting Maximilian of Egmont (1509-1548) crossing the river Rhine and arriving with his troops in Ingolstadt, was made circa 1547-1548 to commemorate the Battle of Mühlberg (1547) and to honor Maximilian’s pivotal role in the victory. His cousin Maximilian of Burgundy (1514-1558) inherited the cup in 1548, and, in turn, donated it to the city of Veere. The cup’s ceremonial status continued through the centuries and is presented to the Dutch monarchs during official city visits to this day. Yet, despite its cultural significance, the place of production, atelier, and particular silversmith has long been a topic of debate. Notably, the cup of Veere lacks hallmarks – a quality label for the technical skills and the correct alloy, which indicates a date, provenance, and master. Neither is the piece mentioned in any known archival records.

Therefore, previous scholarly attributions of the cup to a specific city, atelier, or maker, relied mostly on stylistic features. This article, however, examines the making process and techniques used, revealed by the dismantling of the piece in 2018. Detailed technical examination of cast elements and chased decoration have uncovered the signature moves of the maker. The stem of the cup is adorned with cast lion heads and is composed of a chased fruit basket. Identical elements are identified in the so-called Founders’ cup (Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge), which bears the Antwerp hallmark of the years 1541-1542 and a master stamp depicting a lion’s head in a shield.

Comparative analysis and up-close visual inspection offer a new perspective on the making process of the cup of Veere, proposing Antwerp as its production place, and assigning the anonymous ‘Master with the lion head in a shield’ as the maker of the cup. In putting forward this case study of early modern gold and silverware, it also demonstrates the key role that research on craftsmanship and technique may play in reaching definitive conclusions regarding the origin of significant objects.
Lawrence Alma-Tadema and the nineteenth-century 'periode eye': Classical sources for his Entrance of the theatre (1866) and An exedra (1869)
Authors: Arbós Joan Mut I
Published: September 2024

The Anglo-Dutch artist Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912) is known for being one of the leading representatives of historical genre painting. His paintings are often set in antiquity that usually transmits a peaceful atmosphere, although they also regularly refer to classical sources that include critical messages. Two key works of Alma-Tadema’s Pompeian period are Entrance of the theatre (1866) and An exedra (1869). These works are paradigmatic of the artist’s in-depth knowledge of classical civilization. He seemed obsessed with the historical accuracy of his paintings, which can be partly explained by the fact that general education at the time was steeped in the classics, and the public’s appreciation of his paintings must have been directly related to what was taught at school.

Through a detailed analysis in conjunction with contemporary critical reviews, the author intends to reconstruct the nineteenth-century perspective on Alma-Tadema’s work. The question is how his contemporaries may have viewed his paintings, and how the concept of the ‘period eye’, developed by Baxandall, can be of use. It turns out that, with access to these classical sources, Entrance of the theatre becomes a scathing critique of the vanity and conceit of the wealthy class. Alma-Tadema’s reference to Terence’s comedy Andria convincingly complements a social criticism depicted through a public scene at the entrance of the Small Theatre in Pompeii.

Additionally, the inscriptions and monuments that were associated with the famous family of the Holconians in particular, and theatrical patronage in Pompeii in general, must have been of particular interest to Alma-Tadema. This also emerged in An exedra, a scene around a tomb at the Via dei Sepolcri in Pompeii. The result is an image that, beyond a casual daily image from antiquity, also aims to show social injustice through the lost gaze of the enslaved person.

These paintings show how Lawrence Alma-Tadema was capable of making numerous references, by layering several meanings and suggestions taken from antiquity. They also constitute a clear example of how he used and combined all his knowledge of classical architecture and fashion available at the time, to elaborate a pictorial narrative that pointed to the core of historical reconstruction.
Isocrates’ Political Science
Authors: Kontos Pavlos
Published: September 2024

This article argues that despite Aristotle’s criticism of him, Isocrates does not actually hold the belief that political science, or universal knowledge of practical affairs, is impossible. When he appears to express this view, he is using hyperbole to distinguish himself from his adversaries. In reality, while he certainly underscores the significance of particular cases and doxa, he also claims to possess insights into universal principles concerning politics. He does so on the ground of philosophical arguments characterized by their consistency, sophistication, and substantive nature. These arguments are robust enough to be structured into a coherent system of principles akin to a political science in the Aristotelian sense of the term – although Isocrates himself never elaborated this science in a clear and systematic manner. The objective of this article is twofold: first, to defend this unconventional interpretation of Isocrates’ political speeches, and second, to offer a systematic analysis of the implicit political science within them.
Bias Defended
Authors: Kelly Thomas
Published: September 2024

In this paper, I clarify and defend some of the central ideas of Bias in response to commentators, with a special focus on the theme of skepticism. In response to Michael Veber, I defend the project of offering a modest as opposed to an ambitious response to the skeptic. In response to Jonathan Matheson, I defend my account of the way in which bias attributions function in contexts of interpersonal disagreement, as well as the claim that an unbiased believer will generally be in a stronger position to resist skeptical pressure from disagreement than a biased believer. In response to Brett Sherman, I clarify the way in which my account of bias accommodates the phenomenon of biased suspension of judgment, and I explore some of the connections between bias, suspension of judgment, and skepticism. In response to Jared Celinker and Nathan Ballantyne, I defend the possibility of emergent biases.
ANFIS-RTSMC based MPPT for a hybrid PV-diesel-battery water pumping system
Authors: Chnini Khalil , Jouini Houda , Allagui Hatem , Mami Abdelkader
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a novel hybrid method for achieving Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic-diesel-battery hybrid water pumping system driven by an induction motor drive (IMD). The innovative MPPT control strategy uniquely combines the rapid response and minimal oscillations of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System with the high robustness of Robust Terminal Sliding Mode Control (RTSMC). This combination ensures unprecedented steady-state resilience to changes in solar irradiance, enhancing system stability across a variety of IMD speeds, and making the system robust to parameter variations. Unlike traditional approaches, this two-stage photovoltaic (PV) setup integrates a regulated boost converter for MPPT control and a three-phase inverter using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) to regulate the DC link voltage (Vdc). Extensive MATLAB Simulink simulations demonstrate the proposed method’s superior efficiency in power extraction and its resilience under varying operating conditions, showcasing its originality and effectiveness.
Dimensions of Emotion Regulation as Mediators of the Relationship Between Emotion Controllability Beliefs With Stress and Well-Being
Authors: Moumne Samira , Petrovic Julia , Heath Nancy L.
Published: September 2024

Although beliefs about the extent to which emotions are amenable versus immutable to control (i.e., implicit theories of emotion) have been linked to various mental health indices, mediators of this relationship remain unclear. This study extends prior research by examining dimensions of emotion regulation (ER) difficulties as parallel mediators in the relationship between emotion controllability beliefs and stress and well-being among university students ( n = 483). Higher emotion controllability beliefs were found to be associated with fewer difficulties in emotional clarity, emotional acceptance, effective ER strategy access, impulse control, and goal-directed behaviour. Moreover, the relationship between emotion controllability beliefs and stress and well-being was mediated by emotional clarity and strategy access. Results implicate difficulties understanding one’s own emotions and accessing effective ER strategies as key mechanisms through which lower emotion controllability beliefs may be associated with higher stress and lower well-being. Conversely, better emotional clarity and greater access to effective ER strategies may explain why higher emotion controllability beliefs are associated with better mental health. The present study provides support for the role of implicit theories of emotion in clarifying patterns of adaptive versus maladaptive emotional responding, and sheds light on the cognitive processes underlying individual differences in emotion regulation and mental health. Furthermore, findings offer novel insight regarding the specific emotion regulatory mechanisms through which emotion controllability beliefs may be associated with mental health.
Incorporation of decellularized-ECM in graphene-based scaffolds enhances axonal outgrowth and branching in neuro-muscular co-cultures
Authors: Serna Carlos , Sandepudi Kirtana , Keate Rebecca L , Zhang Sophia L , Cotton Kristen Y , De La Isla Alberto , Murillo Matias , Bouricha Yasmine , Domenighetti Andrea A , Franz Colin K , Jordan Sumanas W
Published: September 2024

Peripheral nerve and large-scale muscle injuries result in significant disability, necessitating the development of biomaterials that can restore functional deficits by promoting tissue regrowth in an electroactive environment. Among these materials, graphene is favored for its high conductivity, but its low bioactivity requires enhancement through biomimetic components. In this study, we extrusion printed graphene-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (graphene) lattice scaffolds, aiming to increase bioactivity by incorporating decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from mouse pup skeletal muscle. We first evaluated these scaffolds using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons co-cultured with supportive glia, observing significant improvements in axon outgrowth. Next, we tested the scaffolds with C2C12 mouse and human primary myoblasts, finding no significant differences in myotube formation between dECM-graphene and graphene scaffolds. Finally, using a more complex hiPSC-derived 3D motor neuron spheroid model co-cultured with human myoblasts, we demonstrated that dECM-graphene scaffolds significantly improved axonal expansion towards peripheral myoblasts and increased axonal network density compared to graphene-only scaffolds. Features of early neuromuscular junction formation were identified near neuromuscular interfaces in both scaffold types. These findings suggest that dECM-graphene scaffolds are promising candidates for enhancing neuromuscular regeneration, offering robust support for the growth and development of diverse neuromuscular tissues.
Risk for Violent and IPV Recidivism Among Incarcerated Men With a History of IPV Perpetration: An Examination of the Predictive Validity of the ODARA, DVRAG, and PCL-R
Authors: Gray Andrew L. , Mills Jeremy F. , Forth Adelle E.
Published: September 2024

Using a hybrid prospective-retrospective study design, we examined the predictive validity of the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA), Domestic Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (DVRAG), and the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) in an incarcerated sample of 94 Canadian adult men with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) referred for treatment. The sample was followed for an average of 3.6 years following release, yielding base rates of 23.4% and 12.8% for violent and IPV recidivism, respectively. Analyses revealed that the ODARA and DVRAG displayed high inter-rater reliability and that the two measures along with Factor 1 of the PCL-R generated the largest area under the curve (AUC) for IPV recidivism (AUC = .71, .71, and .69, respectively). Predictive validity of the three measures was maintained even after accounting for treatment exposure. Although promising, clinical implications of administering the ODARA and DVRAG to incarcerated men with a history of IPV are discussed.
Virtual prototype modeling and fuzzy control of the heave compensation system for a 500-ton deep-sea mining vessel
Authors: Teng Yuanyuan , Hu Zhouguo , Sun Yougang
Published: September 2024

The unexpected heave motion of vessels generated by waves has always threatened the safe operation of mining vessels. The heave compensation system is a critical equipment for offshore cranes to ensure the safety and stability of the deep-sea mining vessel operation. Unfortunately, the nominal load of the mining vessel transporting minerals has become increasingly large, which has led to the dynamic performance of the heave compensation decline and a significant increase in energy consumption. To solve these problems, a semiactive heave compensation system and fuzzy logic-based controller are proposed in this paper. First, an active-passive hybrid heave compensation system is designed to reduce energy consumption greatly. The virtual prototype models of the proposed heave compensation system in a 500-ton deep-sea mining vessel are also built. Then, an adaptive tuning PID controller is developed based on the Transfer function of the heave compensation system and Mamdani-type fuzzy logic. Virtual prototype simulation results of AMESim-Simulink joint simulation illustrate that the accuracy of compensation for the four or six sea states reaches more than 90% with the proposed method and the power of the active compensation system is about 21% of the total power. Finally, the experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed semiactive heave compensation system.
Backstepping control of multilevel modified SVM inverter in variable speed DFIG-based dual-rotor wind power system
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Colak Ilhami , Bizon Nicu
Published: September 2024

The backstepping control (BC) scheme has been successfully used in a variety of high-effectiveness industrial AC drives. This study presents the application of the BC technique based on multilevel modified space vector modulation (BC-MSVM) to get better the energy performance of a dual-rotor wind turbine system (DRWT). Two techniques are suggested to command the stator power of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a DRWT. This work addresses the problems of the DRWT-based energy production system, such as stream fineness, power overshoot, and torque ripples. The use of a multilevel inverter in BC-MSVM led to an enhancement in the competence of the multilevel BC-MSVM technique and the system as a whole, and this is proven by the results performed using MATLAB software on a 1500 kW DFIG-DRWT. The use of a seven-level inverter led to a minimization in the rates of overshoot, ripples, steady-state error, and response time of active power by 26.66%, 53.84%, 2.09%, and 9.09%, respectively. Regarding the reactive power, the ratios were estimated at 18.12%, 34%, 25%, and 1.41%, respectively. These ratios prove that using a higher-level inverter significantly improves the voltage quality and characteristics of the DFIG-DRWT.
Clinical Outcomes After Innovative Multipoint Impedance-Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation of the Posterior Nasal Nerve for Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis
Authors: Davis Greg E. , Ow Randall A. , Yen David M. , O’Malley Ellen M. , Del Signore Anthony G.
Published: September 2024

Objective: Chronic rhinitis substantially impacts a person’s quality of life. We evaluated a novel, multipoint, impedance-controlled, radiofrequency ablation device for the treatment of chronic rhinitis. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical study of posterior nasal nerve ablation in adults with chronic rhinitis. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS) at 6-month follow-up. Additional assessments included the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), and mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini-RQLQ). The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of related serious adverse events. Results: Seventy-nine of 80 enrolled participants completed 6-month follow-up. Statistically significant improvements were observed for mean change in rTNSS (−4.2), ETDQ-7 (−1.2), NOSE (−33.5), and mini-RQLQ (−1.8; P < .0001 for all). Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis subgroups demonstrated significant improvement in all assessments ( P < .0001) with no significant differences between subgroups. Higher baseline rTNSS was associated with greater improvements at follow-up. One serious adverse event of epistaxis was reported. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a multipoint, impedance-controlled, radiofrequency ablation device for the treatment of chronic rhinitis. Significant improvements were observed in rTNSS, ETDQ-7, NOSE, and mini-RQLQ assessments.

Study registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier NCT05591989.
“Our Wars Are the Same”: (Horizontal) Collectivism Is Associated With Lay Theory of Generalized Prejudice
Authors: Pham Minh Duc , Chaney Kimberly E. , Lin Merrisa
Published: September 2024

The present research investigated the associations of collectivism with lay theory of generalized prejudice (LTGP) endorsement and, consequently, intraminority allyship. Study 1 recruited people from Chile, Germany, Mexico, Israel, and the United States ( N = 655) and found that higher levels of self-reported collectivism were associated with stronger LTGP endorsements. Study 2 replicated this collectivism-LTGP relationship among Chinese individuals in 19 countries ( N = 118). In Study 3, Latinx U.S. participants ( N = 334) primed with high (versus low) collectivism endorsed LTGP more strongly, which was associated with greater stigma-based solidarity and intraminority allyship. Study 4 recruited from Greece, South Africa, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United States ( N = 778), and found that horizontal (but not vertical) collectivism was associated with LTGP and thus allyship. Study 4 identified three mechanisms linking (horizontal) collectivism and LTGP: connecting discrimination, attention to discrimination, and empathy. Findings highlight collectivistic mindsets as a strategy to facilitate intraminority coalitions.
Follow the Leader Or Not: Firms’ renaming strategy in nascent and growth stages of a global digital field
Authors: Gong Tianyu , Luo Xiaowei Rose , Tang Yijia
Published: September 2024

Drawing on literature about isomorphism within institutional fields, this study investigates the dynamics of institutional fields in their nascent and growth stages, focusing on legitimacy differences between central and non-central field positions. Specifically, in the context of a global digital field, we analyze how the cross-border legitimacy gap between a leader country (central position) and a follower country (non-central position) influences the digital renaming strategies of firms in the follower country, as well as audience reactions. In the nascent stage, where field uncertainty is high, this legitimacy difference intensifies uncertainty in the follower country, discouraging firms from adopting digital names. In contrast, during the growth stage, as uncertainty about the future of the digital field lessens, the legitimacy difference offers an opportunity for arbitrage, motivating firms to embrace digital renaming. This renaming strategy attracts greater investment from institutional investors in the growth stage compared to the nascent stage. Our empirical analysis, based on the digital renaming of publicly listed Chinese firms from 2012 to 2018, supports these findings. This study advances the field isomorphism literature by highlighting the impact of legitimacy differences between field positions and the distinctive features of the growth stage.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts
Authors: Bobryshev Y. V. , Farnsworth A. E. , Lord R. S. A.
Published: September 2024

Neovascularisation is a prominent feature of long-term aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts but mechanisms involved in the formation of neovessels have not been previously studied. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is an important angiogenic factor that induces migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, enhances permeability and modulates thrombogenecity. This study investigated the expression of VEGF in aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts with angiographic luminal stenosis of >75% were explanted from 14 patients at redo coronary artery bypass grafting. The grafts demonstrated two distinct forms of graft occlusion: four out of the 14 graft occlusions (29%) resulted from severe hyperplastic transformation of the intima complicated by thrombi attached to the degenerating liminal endothelium; the remaining graft occlusions (71%) were due to the development of atherosclerotic lesions associated with mural thrombosis. Hiperplastically altered intimal segments were practically free of neovascularisation while atherosclerotic-like lesions contained neovessels irregularly distributed throughout. Intimal neovessels were located exclusively in microzones enriched with VEGF-expressing cells and, furthermore, neovascular endothelial cells themselves also displayed VEGF immunopositivity. Double-immunostaining revealed that in areas of neovascularisation, the vast majority macrophages (CD68+) expressed VEGF. Some CD68+ foam cells that surrounded branches of neovascularisation were also VEGF-positive. These findings suggest that VEGF expressed by neovascular endothelial cells and by macrophages may act as a local regulator of endothelial cells functions and may induce intimal neovascularisation in aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts affected by atherosclerosis.
Distension Produces Medial but Not Endothelial Damage in Porcine Internal Mammary Artery
Authors: Cooper G. J. , Gillot T. , Francis S. E. , Angelini G. D.
Published: September 2024

The influence of intraluminal distension on porcine internal mammary artery was studied using adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) concentration and prostacyclin production as biochemical markers of medial and endothelial functional integrity respectively. Distension reduced mean (95% confidence limits) tissue ATP concentrations from 459 (337–581) nmol/g wet weight to 314 (193–435) nmol/g wet weight ( n = 10, P < 0.01). Stimulated prostacyclin production was similar in undistended (25.8(15.9–35.9) pg/min per mg wet weight) and distended arteries (33.2(21.4–45.1)pg/min per mg wet weight) ( n = 8, not significant). The data demonstrate that distension of the internal mammary artery results in acute medial but not endothelial damage. Distension-induced medial damage is unlikely to be rapidly reversible and might have implications for the early and long-term function of the artery as a bypass graft.
Experience with a New Valvulotome for Lower-Extremity Revascularization Procedures by the in Situ Method
Authors: Dardik H. , Vazquez R. , Silvestri F. , Ibrahim I. M. , Sussman B. , Kahn M. , Wolodiger F.
Published: September 2024

Between November 1990 and November 1992, 50 consecutive cases requiring lower-extremity revascularization by the in situ method were compared with regard to use of two different valve cutters, the Hail valvulotome and the Insitucat. There were no amputations in patients with patent grafts, nor were any infections or false aneurysms noted during the course of this study. In the Insitucat group ( n = 25), primary patency was achieved in 19 cases. Five of the six graft failures underwent additional procedures of which three remained patent, adding to the secondary patency rate (22 of 25). The greatest problem with regard to maintaining primary graft patency was that of missed or retained valves, but the incidence of this problem decreased during the course of this study as experience was gained with the catheter in conjunction with angioscopy. Experience with the Insitucat valvulotome has demonstrated its efficacy, though enhanced by monitoring the results with angioscopy. The development and discovery of focal stenotic areas and retained valves by surveillance sonography have resulted in enhanced (assisted) primary graft patency rates. The incidence of these problems appears to be comparable with that occurring with other means of producing valvular incompetence for an in situ reconstruction where valvulotomes of similar design are employed. This was confirmed by comparative analysis with another group of 25 in situ vein bypasses performed during the same time period but during the Hall valvulotome.
Spontaneous Aortic Thrombosis in a Neonate with Multiple Thrombi in the Main Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Kawahira Y. , Kishimoto H. , Iio M. , Ikawa S. , Kume Y. , Inamura N. , Matushita T. , Maeno T. , Nakada T.
Published: September 2024

Spontaneous aortic thrombosis in the neonate is a rare entity with a high mortality rate. The present patient, who was diagnosed after showing haematuria and cyanosis, underwent aortic thrombectomy with a Fogarty catheter through a left thoracotomy, but died of sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Autopsy revealed multiple residual thrombi in the main branches of the abdominal aorta and necrosis of the abdominal organs despite a patent thoracoabdominal aorta. In patients with no blood flow in the main branches of the abdominal aorta on preoperative examination, removal of thrombi, including those in the main branches of the abdominal aorta, might be performed in a single, early and aggressive procedure.
Chronic Contained Rupture of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Nonami Y. , Okazaki Y. , Yamashiro T. , Ogoshi S.
Published: September 2024

The operative treatment of chronic contained rupture of a saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with retroperitoneal haematoma is reported. A 62-year-old man presented with a painless abdominal mass and intermittent claudication. He had an episode of severe abdominal pain about 2 years before admission. A giant retroperitoneal neoplasm was initially suspected, based on computed tomography. However, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and colour Doppler sonography demonstrated chronic contained rupture of an AAA. A punched-out oval defect (width 3.5 cm × length 4.5 cm) that was thought to connect the thrombosed aneurysm to an organized retroperitoneal haematoma was discovered in the posterior wall of the bifurcation of the aorta at laparotomy. An infrarenal aortobiexternal iliac Y-graft with bypass to the left femoral artery was placed without removing the aneurysm or haematoma. Recovery was uneventful. The retroperitoneal haematoma appeared smaller on computed tomography about 1 year after operation. This case fulfulled the criteria for chronic contained rupture of an AAA proposed by Jones and associates.
31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Acutely Ischaemic Limbs: The Extent of Changes and Progress after Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Brotzakis P. Z. , Sacco P. , Jones D. A. , McLntyre D. B. , Williams R. , Adiseshiah M.
Published: September 2024

31P Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the tibialis anterior muscle was carried out on nine acutely ischaemic limbs in eight patients before and after revascularization, in 15 limbs of 13 claudicants at rest, in 17 patients with normal lower limb circulation suffering chronic renal failure, and in six healthy subjects. Claudicants, renal failure and healthy limbs showed similar inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine ratios (Pi/PCr). Healthy volunteers after 30-min tourniquet ischaemia and patients with acutely ischaemic limbs showed significantly raised Pi/PCr ratios ( P<0.05). There was an association between Pi/PCr ratios and the systolic ankle:brachial pressure index in acutely ischaemic limbs. In the acute patients, the Pi/PCr ratios returned to normal after successful revascularization, the time course varying between 3 days and 3 months. Intracellular acidosis was observed in one patient who was also the only individual to develop reperfusion injury following reconstructive surgery. Acidosis may be a sign of muscle changes which lead to reperfusion injury.
Late Results of a Prospective Study of Direct Intra-Arterial Urokinase Infusion for Peripheral Arterial and Bypass Graft Occlusions
Authors: Chalmers R. T. A. , Hoballah J. J. , Kresowik T. F. , Synn A. Y. , Nakagawa N. , Sharp W. J. , Corson J. D.
Published: September 2024

The outcome of 72 direct intra-arterial urokinase infusions was studied prospectively. Thirty four were performed for native arterial occlusion and 38 for bypass graft occlusion; the immediate success rates were 67.5 and 84% respectively. The overall incidence of complications was 26%. Median follow-up was 36 (range 1–60) months. Seventeen patients (27%) died during follow-up; nine (14%) required a major amputation. Among patients with native arterial occlusion, 29% had no adjunctive procedure after thrombolysis; of these patients, 85% remained patent at a median of 21 (range 3–42) months. Among bypass occluded patients, only two (6%) had no lesion revealed after successful lysis; both bypasses remain patent at 54 and 58 months respectively. For patients treated with balloon angioplasty immediately after successful thrombolysis. 62% with native arterial occlusion remained patent at a median of 39 (range 2–60) months, whereas only 27% of bypass occlusion patients were patent at a median of 11 (range 2–40) months. Of patients requiring a surgical procedure after thrombolysis, 23 new bypasses (15 vein, eight prosthetic) were placed (nine in native arterial occlusion patients, 14 in bypass occlusion patients). In addition, there were 15 other surgical procedures, including six thrombectomies, four vein patch angioplasties, four vein jump grafts and one endarterectomy. The primary and secondary patencies for the 15 new vein bypasses placed were 81 and 88% respectively at a median follow-up of 36 months. Good immediate results were experienced with urokinase thrombolysis for peripheral arterial and graft occlusions. However, multiple adjunctive procedures were required to maintain patency. Balloon angioplasty yielded reasonable late patency for the native arterial group but poor patency for the bypass group. Replacement with a new bypass gave the best long-term patency in both groups. These data suggest that thrombolysis is a reasonable first-line treatment for limb ischemia due to native arterial occlusion. However, for bypass graft occlusion, the results, despite initial success, are not durable.
Urgent Heart Transplantation in Patients with Previous Sternotomies
Authors: Vijayanagar R. R. , Chan G. L. , Weinstein S. S. ,   Cardiac Transplant Team
Published: September 2024

Critically ill patient status and prior sternotomy have separately been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity after heart transplantation. Consequently, the justification of assigning urgent priority for transplantation to critically III patients with prior sternotomy may be arguable. The authors therefore undertook a retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcome of urgent and elective heart transplantation in 64 patients who had undergone one to four previous sternotomies. Patients in group 1 (n = 23) were critically ill and underwent urgent heart transplantation. Group 2 (n = 41) consisted of more stable patients who received heart transplantation as an elective procedure. Intravenous inotropes or mechanical circulatory support were required by all patients in group 1 but by none in group 2. The mortality rate within 30 days post-transplant was higher in group 1 than In group 2 (22% versus 10%), though the difference was not statistically significant The 1 -year actuarial allograft survival was similar between the two groups (72% versus 74%). In addition, there was no significant difference between groups I and 2 in the incidence of postoperative coagulopathy (57% versus 42%). re-exploration (13% versus 15%), early infections (57% versus 49%), renal failure (17% versus 10%) or rejection episodes in the first 3 months (65% versus 78%). The authors' findings suggest that despite higher operative mortality in critically lll patients with previous sternotomies, the intermediate-term outcome of heart transplantation in these patients is similar to that in more stable patients. Critically lll patients with prior sternotomies should therefore continue to be considered for urgent heart transplantation.
Gastrointestinal Complications following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Lazar H. L. , Hudson H. , McCann J. , Fonger J. D. , BirKett D. , Aldea G. S. , Shemin R.J.
Published: September 2024

This study sought to determine which factors influence the mortality rate in patients developing gastrointestinal complications following cardiac surgery. Between July 1988 and January 1992, 2054 patients underwent cardiac surgical procedures at the Boston University Medical Center Of these. 29 (1.4%) developed postoperative gastrointestinal complications. The overall mortality rate among these patients was 27% (8/29). Those who died following such complications had a higher incidence of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV and unstable symptoms (8/8. 100% versus 3/21. 14%; P< 0.0001). and an increased need for preoperative Intra-aortic balloon pump support (4/8. 50%. versus 1/21, 5%; P<0.004). The need for Gastrointestinal surgical intervention increased the mortality rate significantly cmpared with patients managed medically (8/18. 44% versus 0/11. 0%; P<0.01). Patients with ischemic bowel also had a significantly higher mortality (5/5, 100% versus 3/24, 12%: P< 0.001). It is concluded that most patients with gastrointestinal complications following cardiac surgery can be treated, and with acceptable mortality rates. The presence of unstable symptoms preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump support, ischemic bowel and the need for gastrointestinal surgical intervention adversely affect mortality.
Recurrent Varicose Veins Following High Ligation of Long Saphenous Vein: A Duplex Ultrasound Study
Authors: Tong Y. , Royle J.
Published: September 2024

Duplex scanning was used to study recurrent varicose veins in 244 limbs with previous high ligation of the long saphenous vein. The recurrent varicose veins were classified into two types according to the presence or absence of a residual long saphenous vein. Varicose veins with a residual long saphenous vein (type I) occurred in 168 limbs (68.9%). A residual long saphenous vein with an incompetent saphenofemoral junction was present in 125 limbs and one without any residual saphenofemoral junction in 43 limbs. Besides the presence of an incompetent long saphenous vein in this group, an incompetent short saphenous vein was detected in 26 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 45 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 26 limbs. Varicose veins without a residual long saphenous vein (type II) occurred in 76 limbs (31.1%). An incompetent short saphenous vein was demonstrated in 44 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 18 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 32 limbs. Of the total 244 limbs with recurrent varicose veins, long saphenous vein incompetence was involved in 168 (68.9%), short saphenous vein incompetence in 70 (28.7%), perforating vein incompetence in 63 (25.8%) and deep venous incompetence in 58 (235%). Although saphenofemoral junction incompetence was found to be the main source of recurrence, a segment of incompetent residual long saphenous vein, an incompetent short saphenous vein, perforating vein and deep venous system incompetence are other common sources of recurrence. A precise assessment to identify underlying venous incompetence is important for the management of recurrent varicose veins.
Arterial Grafts for Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: Wandschneider W. , Wurnig P. , Redtenbacher S. , Deutsch M.
Published: September 2024

Fifty specimens of left internal mammary artery, right gastroepiploic artery and right inferior epigastric artery were examined for length, diameter and frequency of atherosclerotic changes. Mean usable length was 132.4 mm for internal mammary arteries, 127.9 mm for gastroepiploic arteries and 128.4 mm for inferior epigastric arteries. One gastroepiploic artery was occluded. Histological examination revealed atherosclerotic plaques in seven internal mammary arteries (14%), 12 gastroepiploic arteries (24%) and 14 inferior epigastric arteries (28%). These findings emphasize the superiority of the inferior epigastric artery as the graft of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. Gastroepiploic artery and inferior epigastric artery should only be used as additional grafts if ‘all-arterial-grafting’ is intended.