bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Atypical Splenic B Cell Progenitor Population Supports Antibody Production during Plasmodium Infection in Mice
Authors: Ghosh Debopam , Wikenheiser Daniel J. , Kennedy Brian , McGovern Kathryn E. , Stuart Johnasha D. , Wilson Emma H. , Stumhofer Jason S.
Published: July 2016

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function to replenish the immune cell repertoire under steady-state conditions and in response to inflammation due to infection or stress. Whereas the bone marrow serves as the primary niche for hematopoiesis, extramedullary mobilization and differentiation of HSPCs occur in the spleen during acute Plasmodium infection, a critical step in the host immune response. In this study, we identified an atypical HSPC population in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice, with a lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit− (LSK−) phenotype that proliferates in response to infection with nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X. Infection-derived LSK− cells upon transfer into naive congenic mice were found to differentiate predominantly into mature follicular B cells. However, when transferred into infection-matched hosts, infection-derived LSK− cells gave rise to B cells capable of entering into a germinal center reaction, and they developed into memory B cells and Ab-secreting cells that were capable of producing parasite-specific Abs. Differentiation of LSK− cells into B cells in vitro was enhanced in the presence of parasitized RBC lysate, suggesting that LSK− cells expand and differentiate in direct response to the parasite. However, the ability of LSK− cells to differentiate into B cells was not dependent on MyD88, as myd88−/− LSK− cell expansion and differentiation remained unaffected after Plasmodium infection. Collectively, these data identify a population of atypical lymphoid progenitors that differentiate into B lymphocytes in the spleen and are capable of contributing to the ongoing humoral immune response against Plasmodium infection.
Platelet-Derived Ectosomes Reduce NK Cell Function
Authors: Sadallah Salima , Schmied Laurent , Eken Ceylan , Charoudeh Hojjatollah Nozad , Amicarella Francesca , Schifferli Jürg A.
Published: July 2016

Platelet (PLT) transfusions are potentially life saving for individuals with low PLT numbers; however, previous work revealed that PLT transfusions are associated with increased infection risk. During storage, PLT intended for transfusion continuously shed ectosomes (Ecto) from their surface, which express immunomodulatory molecules like phosphatidylserine or TGF-β1. Recently, PLT-Ecto were shown to reduce proinflammatory cytokine release by macrophages and to favor the differentiation of naive T cells toward regulatory T cells. Whether PLT-Ecto modify NK cells remains unclear. We exposed purified NK cells and full PBMCs from healthy donors to PLT-Ecto. We found a reduced expression of several activating surface receptors (NKG2D, NKp30, and DNAM-1) and decreased NK cell function, as measured by CD107a expression and IFN-γ production. Pretreatment of PLT-Ecto with anti–TGF-β1 neutralizing Ab restored surface receptor expression and NK cell function. We further observed a TGF-β1–mediated upregulation of miR-183, which, in turn, reduced DAP12, an important protein for stabilization and downstream signaling of several activating NK cell receptors. Again, these effects could antagonized, in part, when PLT-Ecto were preincubated with anti–TGF-β1 Ab. Erythrocyte Ecto did not affect NK cells. Polymorphonuclear cell Ecto expressed MHC class I and inhibited NK cell function. In addition, they induced the secretion of TGF-β1 by NK cells, which participated in an auto/paracrine manner in the suppressive activity of polymorphonuclear cell–derived Ecto. In sum, our study showed that PLT-Ecto could inhibit NK cell effector function in a TGF-β1–dependent manner, suggesting that recipients of PLT transfusions may experience reduced NK cell function.
YY1 Regulates the Germinal Center Reaction by Inhibiting Apoptosis
Authors: Trabucco Sally E. , Gerstein Rachel M. , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2016

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity Abs for a robust adaptive immune response. When dysregulated, the same processes cause GC B cells to become susceptible to lymphomagenesis. It is important to understand how the GC reaction is regulated. In this study, we show that transcription factor YY1 is required to maintain a robust GC reaction in mice. Selective ablation of YY1 significantly decreased in the frequency and number of GC B cells during the GC reaction. This decrease of GC B cells was accompanied by increased apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, we found that loss of YY1 disrupted the balance between dark zones and light zones, leading to a preferential decrease in dark zone cells. Collectively, these results indicate that YY1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between dark zone and light zone cells in GCs and between survival and death of GC B cells.
Normalized ImQCM: An Algorithm for Detecting Weak Quasi-Cliques in Weighted Graph with Applications in Gene Co-Expression Module Discovery in Cancers
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Kun
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we present a new approach for mining weighted networks to identify densely connected modules such as quasi-cliques. Quasi-cliques are densely connected subnetworks in a network. Detecting quasi-cliques is an important topic in data mining, with applications such as social network study and biomedicine. Our approach has two major improvements upon previous work. The first is the use of local maximum edges to initialize the search in order to avoid excessive overlaps among the modules, thereby greatly reducing the computing time. The second is the inclusion of a weight normalization procedure to enable discovery of “subtle” modules with more balanced sizes. We carried out careful tests on multiple parameters and settings using two large cancer datasets. This approach allowed us to identify a large number of gene modules enriched in both biological functions and chromosomal bands in cancer data, suggesting potential roles of copy number variations (CNVs) involved in the cancer development. We then tested the genes in selected modules with enriched chromosomal bands using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, and the results strongly support our hypothesis that the coexpression in these modules are associated with CN Vs. While gene coexpression network analyses have been widely adopted in disease studies, most of them focus on the functional relationships of coexpressed genes. The relationship between coexpression gene modules and CNVs are much less investigated despite the potential advantage that we can infer from such relationship without genotyping data. Our new approach thus provides a means to carry out deep mining of the gene coexpression network to obtain both functional and genetic information from the expression data.
Reliability of a Proposed Ultrasonographic Grading Scale for Severity of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mortada Mohamed , Zeid Ayman , Al-Toukhy Mirvat Abd El-hamid , Ezzeldin Nillie , Elgawish M.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine the concordance of a grading scale (0–4) of medial femoral osteophytes in knee joint detected by ultrasound (US) compared with the corresponding grades (0–4) of Kellgren–Lawrence (K&L) scale of conventional radiography and clinical joint examination.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional observational study included 160 patients with knee pain who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and 20 patients with knee pain who have not fulfilled the ACR criteria for KOA. All patients were subjected to clinical assessment (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis and global visual analog scale) and radiological assessment in the form of X-ray grading according to K&L grading scale and ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral osteophytes according to a scale that was proposed by the first author and consisted of five grades (0–4), where grade 0 denoted no osteoarthritis and grade 4 denoted the most advanced grade of KOA. Grade 2 was divided into two subgrades A and B with grade 2B considered as a more advanced stage than grade 2A.

Results

The proposed US grading scale had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the different grades of KOA compared with K&L grading scale (a total sensitivity of 94.6% and a total specificity of 93.3%). Intra- and interreader reliability of US was excellent (kappa >0.93 and >0.85, respectively).

Conclusions

US can reliably detect the severity of KOA. Good agreement was found between the proposed US grading scale and K&L grading scale. The proposed US grading scale is simple and reliable.
Computational Representations of Myocardial Infarct Scars and Implications for Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Connolly Adam J. , Bishop Martin J.
Published: July 2016

Image-based computational modeling is becoming an increasingly used clinical tool to provide insight into the mechanisms of reentrant arrhythmias. In the context of ischemic heart disease, faithful representation of the electrophysiological properties of the infarct region within models is essential, due to the scars known for arrhythmic properties. Here, we review the different computational representations of the infarcted region, summarizing the experimental measurements upon which they are based. We then focus on the two most common representations of the scar core (complete insulator or electrically passive tissue) and perform simulations of electrical propagation around idealized infarct geometries. Our simulations highlight significant differences in action potential duration and focal effective refractory period (ERP) around the scar, driven by differences in electrotonic loading, depending on the choice of scar representation. Finally, a novel mechanism for arrhythmia induction, following a focal ectopic beat, is demonstrated, which relies on localized gradients in ERP directly caused by the electrotonic sink effects of the neighboring passive scar.
Assessing the Causality Factors in the Association between (Abdominal) Obesity and Physical Activity among the Newfoundland Population–-A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Barning Frank , Abarin Taraneh
Published: July 2016

A total of 1,263 adults from Newfoundland and Labrador were studied in the research. Body mass index (BMI) and percent trunk fat (PTF) were analyzed as biomarkers for obesity. The Mendelian randomization (MR) approach with two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the fat-mass and obesity (FTO) gene as instruments was employed to assess the causal effect. In both genders, increasing physical activity significantly reduced BMI and PTF when adjusted for age and the FTO gene. The effect of physical activity was stronger on PTF than BMI. Direct observational analyses showed significant increase in BMI/PTF when physical activity decreased. A similar association in MR analyses was not significant. The association between physical activity and BMI/PTF could be due to reversed causality or common confounding factors. Our study provides insights into the causal contributions of obesity to physical activity in adults. Health intervention strategies to increase physical activity among adults should include some other plans such as improving diet for reducing obesity.
Izkustveno učenje kot praksa in teorija izobraževanja in usposabljanja strokovnih delavcev v vrtcu Trnovo
Authors: Garvas Mojca
Published: July 2016

Kako se predšolski otrok uči? Kakšno znanje je za otroka smiselno? Kakšna vseživljenjsko pomembna temeljna znanja potrebuje otrok? Kako mu strokovni delavci v vrtcu lahko pomagamo, da bo zgradil takšno znanje, ki mu bo služilo pri startu v učenju in življenju v prihodnosti? Iskanje odgovorov na ta in podobna vprašanja je življenjsko delo in pot našega vsakdanjega pedagoškega razmišljanja in ustvarjanja. Kot pravi Bečaj (2006), sta vzgoja in izobraževanje vedno usmerjena v prihodnost, zato je še kako pomembno, da mlade rodove pripravimo na svet, ki šele nastaja in za katerega nikoli ne vemo dobro, kakšen bo. V vse bolj kompleksnih in nepredvidljivih situacijah sodobni vrtec potrebuje vzgojitelja, ki otroku pomaga pridobivati znanja in veščine, ki jih bo potreboval v prihodnosti. Potrebuje strokovno usposobljenega in problemsko razmišljujočega vzgojitelja; učečega se vzgojitelja, ki se zaveda, da današnje znanje že jutri lahko zastara. Pri tem ima pomembno vlogo izkustveno učenje in izobraževanje, saj sodobno pojmovanje učenja pomeni predvsem interpretacijo izkušenj. Izkušnja je jedro učenja.
Ko gledališče postane način izobraževanja
Authors: Bačar Ada
Published: July 2016

Študijski krožek za gledališko ustvarjanje pri Univerzi za tretje življenjsko obdobje pod vodstvom mentorice Ade Bačar pripravlja avtorske gledališke predstave. Teme za igre jemljejo iz neposrednega lokalnega okolja in gledališče postane pot učenja za nastopajoče in občinstvo. Tema vsake predstave obdela posamezen utrip javnega življenja. Jezik je originalno vipavsko narečje. Poleg dramskih predstav so posegli tudi v domačo tradicijo lutkarstva. Prvi slovenski lutkar in prva lutkovna predstava sega na konec 19. stoletja. Glede na vseslovenski pomen so za gledališki jezik uporabili knjižno slovenščino. Gledališče približajo ljudem v malih krajih, vrtcih, šolah, domovih za starejše. Študijski krožek ŽAR je prejel slovensko priznanje Andragoškega centra Slovenije. Gledališče je neizčrpen vir učenja in osebnostne rasti nastopajočih in občinstva.
Travmatični in hujši stresni dogodki udeležencev Programa PUM ‒ Projektnega učenja za mlajše odrasle
Authors: Guzelj Martina
Published: July 2016

Prispevek obravnava travmatične in hujše stresne dogodke v življenju udeležencev programa Projektnega učenja za mlajše odrasle (v nadaljevanju PUM), javnoveljavnega programa neformalnega izobraževanja. Avtorica prikazuje rezultate kvalitativne raziskave te izjemo ranljive skupine mladih (čustvena nepismenost, socialna ranljivost, zloraba drog, obravnava pri prekrškovnih organih idr.), ki se dotikajo globljih, netransparentnih vzrokov opustitve šolanja, katerih korenine segajo v pretekle travmatične dogodke. Rezultati raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo 120 udeležencev iz devetih šol s programom PUM, kažejo, da je njihova pogostost med PUM-ovci v primerjavi s slovenskim vzorcem večja pri večini travmatičnih dogodkov, pri čemer nekatere vrednosti drastično odstopajo. Pri vpogledu v travmatične do- godke je posebej poudarjen relacijski vidik. S tega vidika se načini za njihovo preseganje iščejo v razgraditvi temeljnih afektov, ki spomin na te dogodke prek mehanizma kompulzivnega ponavljanja ohranjajo tako v odnosih, v katere tak posameznik šele vstopa, kakor tudi pri prenosu na prihodnje generacije.
Standardizacija izobraževanja odraslih v Republiki Hrvaški
Authors: Klapan Anita , Vrcelj Sofija , Kušić Siniša
Published: July 2016

V raziskavi smo analizirali izobraževanje odraslih v Republiki Hrvaški. Čeprav se izobraževanje odraslih na Hrvaškem dokaj dobro pravno urejeno in podprto in imamo razvito mrežo ustanov, ki se ukvarjajo izključno z izobraževanjem odraslih in/ali izvajajo izobraževanje odraslih, se kažejo različne težave. Pri snovanju usmeritev v izobraževanju odraslih najpogosteje srečamo domnevo, da so odrasli homogena skupina, kar pa ne drži. Kategorija obsega tako mladostnike, stare nad 15 let (če niso vključeni v srednješolsko izobraževanje), kakor tudi osebe v tretjem življenjskem obdobju. Odrasli se razlikujejo tudi po spolu, kar ni zanemarljivo, kadar govorimo o potrebah nezaposlenih, predvsem žensk. Pri standardizaciji izobraževanja odraslih je validacija po spolu pogosto zanemarjena. Na izobraževanje na vseh ravneh vplivajo tudi kompleksni odnosi v globalizaciji. To postane očitno pri poskusih udejanjanja listin (deklaracij) v tranzicijskih deželah, ki skušajo doseči standarde, kakršni so v veljavi v deželah s trdno tradicijo. V standardizaciji pa se skriva tudi nevarnost, da prezremo kulturo in družbene okoliščine neke dežele. Občutljivost in upoštevanje okoliščin so v osrčju izobraževanja (odraslih); potrebno je ustvariti nove strategije, da bomo premostili razlike med globalnimi usmeritvami in vsakodnevno prakso.
The Holocene vegetation dynamics and the formation of Neolithic and present-day Slovenian landscape
Authors: Andrič Maja
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the results of palaeoecological research to investigate the Holocene vegetation development of the Slovenian landscape and the impact of the first farmers upon it. Four study sites were selected and at each site a complete Holocene sedimentary sequence was analysed by using the following techniques: loss-on-ignition, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating, pollen analysis and analysis of micro-charcoal concentration. The results of the study suggest that the Neolithic landscape was probably very dynamic and composed of small patches with different vegetation composition. This vegetation has no present-day analogues. The present-day Slovenian landscape formed only several millennia after the transition to farming.
Direct dating of Neolithic pottery: progress and prospects
Authors: Bonsall C. , Cook G. , Manson J. L. , Sanderson D.
Published: July 2016

Pottery sherds can be dated by four methods: (i) stylistic features; (ii) luminescence analysis of minerals within the sherd; (iii) 14C assay of carbon on or within the sherd; and (iv) archaeomagnetic intensity of the sherd. Each method has its own sources of uncertainty. The results obtained by the various methods are reviewed, and the conclusion reached that a combination of at least two of the methods, where possible, is recommended in order to enhance confidence in the validity of the outcome.
Volume 7 Issue 2
Authors: Creagh Tracy , Clarke John , Nelson Karen
Published: July 2016

The continuing interest and commitment to improving the student experience in the tertiary sector was reflected in yet another successful Students, Transitions, Achievement, Retention and Success (STARS) Conference recently held in Perth, Western Australia (June 29-July 2, 2016).  As is customary, this issue of the journal publishes the top research papers selected via a peer review process and the top Emerging Initiatives selected by the Conference Committee.  As well, a Good Practice Report was selected for this issue.  The Invited Feature in this issue republishes an article from Professor Sally Kift, President of the Australian Learning and Teaching Fellows (and one of the Editors of Student Success). The statement draws on and is representative of the national reaction to the closure of the OLT, highlighting the substantial role it has played in developing and disseminating innovation and good practice in tertiary teaching and learning.
The decline and demise of the Commonwealth’s strategic investment in quality learning and teaching
Authors: Kift Sally
Published: July 2016

In May 2016, the Australian Government announced that the funding to be saved from closing the Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT), a branch of the federal Department of Education and Training, would not be redirected to a new National Institute for Learning and Teaching (Milbourne, 2015) as had been promised by (then) Education Minister Christopher Pyne in 2015. This decision has significant ramifications, not only for the quality and competitiveness of Australian higher education, but also for the inevitable long-term impact that withdrawal of strategic investment for systemic change and innovation will have on the nation’s third largest export earner (Universities Australia, 2016). This Invited Feature republishes a statement from Professor Sally Kift, President of the Australian Learning and Teaching Fellows (ALTF) and one of the Editors of Student Success, and is representative of the national reaction to the closure of the Office. It highlights the significant role the OLT and its predecessor bodies (the Carrick Institute and the Australian Learning and Teaching Council [ALTC]) have played, both symbolically and financially, in enabling collaboration and developing and disseminating sector-wide innovation and good practice in tertiary learning and teaching.
Aspire UWA: A case study of widening access in Higher Education
Authors: Skene Judy , Pollard Louise , House Helen
Published: July 2016

Widening university access to students from low socio-economic status (LSES) and non-traditional backgrounds has been a key equity objective for Australian universities, particularly since the 2008 Review into Australian Higher Education (Bradley, Noonan, Nugent & Scales, 2008). Aspire UWA is an equity pathway that aims to inform aspirations and build academic attainment through direct involvement with students who are the “most able least likely” to access the benefits of higher education (Harris, 2010, p. 7). Through forming long-term partnerships with 63 secondary schools across Western Australia (WA), Aspire UWA has grown since 2009 to engage over 10,000 students annually. Its learning framework is designed to deliver age-appropriate activities to inspire and inform students from Years 7-12 to achieve their educational goals. This paper adopts a case study methodology to explore the Aspire UWA approach, the specific operation of Aspire UWA and the efficacy of the program.
Pre-commencement interviews to support transition and retention of first year undergraduate students
Authors: Wood Denise , Gray-Ganter Gillian , Bailey Robyn
Published: July 2016

This paper reports the findings of a pilot study conducted at a regional university in Australia involving a pre-commencement interview strategy that aimed to better support first-year students transitioning into an undergraduate nursing program. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the approach and inform the development of more effective transition and retention strategies (STARS) at the institutional level. The study was informed by Kalsbeek’s (2013) ‘4 Ps’ framework for student retention, which identifies student profile, progress through their studies, university processes and alignment between a university’s promises and the student experience of its delivery on those promises as critical components of an all-of-institution approach to improving student retention and success. An additional ‘P’, preparedness, was identified as another important dimension, recognising that student preparedness for study is a vital component of an effective transition and retention strategy. The findings viewed through the lens of the expanded ‘5Ps’ framework highlight the potential of the approach as an institutional strategy for improving student transition, retention and success.
Preparing culturally and linguistically diverse preservice Early Childhood teachers for field experience
Authors: Miller Melinda , McFadden Amanda , Heirdsfield Ann
Published: July 2016

This article reports on an action research project focussed on preparing culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) preservice early childhood teachers for field experience. A series of targeted workshops delivered over one semester was designed to support the students to develop intercultural competence in relation to knowledge, attitude, skills and behaviours that contribute to success on field placement. Findings indicate that short-term initiatives targeted specifically to students’ identified needs and strengths can help to build intercultural competence for both students and teacher educators. For the participants, access to communication strategies, opportunities for rehearsal of teaching practice, and peer and academic support contributed to shifts in attitude, and the development of skills and new knowledge. New learnings for the teacher educators included challenging assumptions about CALD students’ sense of community and belonging in the university context.
Attribution, referencing and commencing HE students as novice academic writers: Giving them more time to ‘get it’
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: July 2016

The requirement for commencing higher education students to apply principles of attribution in their early academic writing frequently creates frustration both for students and academic teaching staff. Teachers often provide information on the necessity of attribution, and considerable detail on the mechanics of how to reference, and express frustration at the failure of some students to demonstrate this in their writing. In turn, many students appear overwhelmed and confused by the expectations placed on them as early academic writers. This paper explores these expectations and questions current assessment practices, advocating a longer period of formative learning before students are required to competently and accurately apply attribution principles and referencing conventions in their writing. Using the threshold concept framework (Meyer & Land, 2005), it suggests viewing attribution as a ‘conceptual gateway’ through which students must pass in becoming academic writers, and explores some implications of this for teaching, learning and assessment.
Teaching in Focus: The value of implementing a program-specific teaching support project for staff wellbeing and student success
Authors: Gunson Jessie , Abery Elizabeth , Krassnitzer Lindsay , Barton Christopher , Prichard Ivanka , Willis Eileen
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on a program-level teaching support initiative that was implemented in a Health Sciences undergraduate degree with a large and highly casualised teaching team. It has been argued that to improve student retention and success, universities need to consider implementing comprehensive teaching support models that address institutional, program, and individual level needs. We report on the implementation of our project and reflect on participant feedback, which demonstrated the value of the program for improving staff wellbeing. We argue that introducing support strategies for staff at a local level is essential not only for delivery of high quality learning experiences, but also for staff wellbeing which, in turn, has important implications for student success and retention.
PASSport to the Cloud – Results of a Peer-Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) Online Pilot Program
Authors: Lim Chris , Anderson Fiona , Mortimer Robyn
Published: July 2016

Deakin University’s online study environment continues to grow with over 12,000 students now studying in the Cloud. It is important to provide these students not only academic support, but also a sense of inclusion and community. This will improve their social engagement and from there, they will more likely succeed. In 2015, the Division of Student Life ran an online pilot based on their successful Peer-Assisted Study Sessions program. Results from the pilot were positive. Students reported greater connection with the subject and with their fellow students. The program will be expanded in 2016 based on this pilot.
Five years of FYE: Evolution, outcomes and lessons learned from an institutional program
Authors: McKenzie Jo , Egea Kathy
Published: July 2016

The University of Technology Sydney First Year Experience program is an institution-wide, systematic approach to supporting the transition, retention and success of first year students from low socio-economic status backgrounds, within a philosophy that good practice for these students is good practice for all students. The program is based on third-generation first year practice and transition pedagogies. It includes central and faculty coordinators, small grants and learning communities enabling the development, embedding and sharing of transition practice in the curriculum.  This good practice report describes the program, its evolution over five years and its impacts on academic and professional staff engagement and improving the success of students from low socio-economic status backgrounds. Lessons learned about the importance of central and local coordination, sharing practice underpinned by a scholarly framework and the use of data and strategic alignment are highlighted.
Recognizing and Respecting the Rights of Children with Disabilities in the Classroom
Authors: Schneider Cornelia
Published: July 2016

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted and ratified in 1990 by the UN
General Assembly, and signed by most member countries of the United Nations. However, its
implementation is slow, complex, and can to-date be considered as incomplete in most
countries, particularly as children’s rights often seem to be in contradiction with traditional
perceptions of children as dependent, immature and incompetent human beings under their
parents’ tutelage. Furthermore, it appears that children’s rights are at risk of colliding with the
rights of the family. These issues are even more strongly highlighted when it comes to
children with disabilities, as those children often are perceived as vulnerable and incompetent.
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of 2006 emphasizes the right
to full participation based on the social model of disability, including the right to inclusive
education for children with disabilities. This article addresses both conventions, the
contradictions within but also with each other, which impede the rights of children with
disabilities as much as traditional perceptions of childhood do. It will then demonstrate how
the recognition of the rights of children with disabilities can be improved by using the
frameworks of sociology of childhood (Corsaro, 2015) and the work on relationship building
and solidarity by Honneth (1995). Lastly, the article will give examples of how to implement
and respect the rights of children with disabilities in schools, by using the example of the
Index for Inclusion.
The Modifications in the Curriculum of the Teacher Education Program at the Institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro in the 1970s
Authors: Lupetina Raffaela De Menezes
Published: July 2016

The text focuses primarily on analyzing the changes undergone in the curriculum of the Institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro (IE) since the Law 5692 of 1971, considering the functioning of IE normal course in the 1970s, which since this Law became Specific Qualification for Teaching (HEM), in the vocational education perspective. For this, as a methodology, we proceed with the analysis of documentary sources: former students’ records, curricula and syllabus of the disciplines. We selected curricula from before and after the educational legislation imposed in 1971 to allow the observation of undergone modifications, mainly on changes in curriculum, such as the elimination or reduction of some disciplines. The theoretical background about curriculum gathers mainly Goodson (2001, 2012) and Silva (2009) studies.
Breaking Higher Education’s Iron Triangle through Distance Education: The Case of IGNOU in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Woldeyes Melese Mekasha
Published: July 2016

This article addresses the issue of access to quality postgraduate distance education. It was
developed within an argument that access to conventional face-to-face postgraduate studies is
still a challenge in developing countries. It argues that distance education can be used as an
alternative means of meeting the increasing demand for higher education in the country
concerned. This study used a case study of Masters of Arts in Rural Development (MARD)
program that is offered by Indira Ghandi National Open University in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used to gather the relevant data. The
study established that distance education has a huge potential as an alternative and
cost-effective means of providing quality higher education in Ethiopia. The study suggests that
careful planning and integration of distance education into the national higher education policy
will enable effective and efficient provision of quality distance postgraduate education in
developing countries like Ethiopia.
Ophthalmic atropine for sublingual use: A novel treatment for excessive respiratory secretions
Authors: Staffieri Paul , Owusu Kent , Cardinale Maria , Castle Amber
Published: July 2016

We describe a novel case of utilizing ophthalmic atropine suspension via sublingual route to control excessive secretions in a critically ill patient. In addition, a medication event related to a labeling and administration event is described where the patient received the drug via ophthalmic route. A 32-year-old Hispanic female presenting with NMDA-receptor antibody mediated encephalitis experienced a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay secondary to hypercarbic respiratory failure complicated by excessive respiratory secretions. After one week on mechanical ventilation, the patient was set to undergo a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement and tracheotomy. The patient’s respiratory status was compromised by copious secretion production, preventing the patient from being transitioned to the general care floor. For secretion control, pharmacological interventions such as scopolamine transdermal patches and glycopyrrolate oral tablets were trialed, however systemic exposure to these agents resulted in urinary retention requiring catherization with a mild and persistent tachycardia. Ophthalmic atropine was administered sublingually at a dose of 1 mg every six hours to provide local relief of the patient's secretion production. Secretion production improved within 72 hours and the patient’s urinary retention resolved at the time of scopolamine and glycopyrrolate discontinuation. Previously in the literature the use of sublingual atropine was only described for secretion control in patients receiving end of life care, drug induced sialorrhea and neuro-developmental disorders. As observed in this case report, sublingual atropine may be an effective treatment to control respiratory secretions in critically ill patients who are unable to tolerate other therapies.
Learning Strategies in Alleviating English Writing Anxiety for English Language Learners (ELLs) with Limited English Proficiency (LEP)
Authors: Wu Chia-Pei , Lin Huey-Ju
Published: July 2016

This study utilized the Oxford Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and an English writing anxiety scale to examine the relationship between learning strategies and English writing anxiety in 102 university-level English language learners (ELLs) with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in a university in Taiwan. Kruskal Wallis Test results revealed no significant association between learning strategies and English writing anxiety. The common learning strategies utilized by participants were compensation, social, memory and mixed strategies. The interview data indicated that ELLs suffered considerably from writing anxiety. Coping strategies of highly anxious ELL of each learning strategy group is also reported. However, further studies of larger populations and comparison of different ethnic groups as well as quantitative statistics analyses are needed.
Human Resources Management Activities Adopted in the Value Chain Model and their Impact on the Organizational Sustainability-An Empirical Study in the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Alnidawi Abdul Azeez Badir , Omran Fatimah Musa
Published: July 2016

The current situation that business organizations now is featured by different changing and developing work environment with difficulty and risk in achievement of their sustainability, continuity and success in addition to the existence of a set of great and extended challenges and competition, therefore, the organizations seek to keep pace with development through creation of ability to better use their provided resources in order to achieve sustainability and create the competitive advantage that makes them superior to the competing organizations.

The occurrence of a set of phenomena in the knowledge economy had an obvious reflection on the business organizations that started to search new mechanisms for competition and ensure survival, continuity and create the added value through using the value chain model and focusing on the main and supportive activities in this model. The role of human resources management activities was appeared as supportive activities and an essential requirement to deal with these great challenges either they were local, regional or international where the human resources activities represent the main generator to produce new ideas, development of old ideas and the participation in supporting the main activities of the organizations, enabling them to expand its market share, maximize the organization value making it in a position through which it will be able to seize the opportunities, achieve the competitive advantage, survive, continue in the current market and think to find future markets to serve customers and realize their satisfaction.

This study comes with the purpose to demonstrate the impact of human resources management activities adopted in the value chain model on organizational sustainability with its different dimensions in the Jordanian environment.
The Impact of Globalization on Development of Civil Society in Iran with an Emphasis on Political Parties & the Press
Authors: Sadeghizeidi Arash
Published: July 2016

Globalization as an emerging and pervasive phenomenon has had a significant impact on various aspects of human life. Development and influence of this phenomenon have been accelerated as a result of the Soviet Union’s collapse, the spread of neo-liberal economics and communications, and information revolution since 1980s. Therefore, this research aims at analyzing the effect of globalization on two important institutions of civil society. Another purpose of the recent research is answering a question regarding globalization as a new and inclusive phenomenon. This question can be considered as “How globalization affects the development of Iran’s civil society especially the press and political parties?” This question has been formed because previous studies indicated that globalization has led to the development of political parties and the press in Iran as a result of political culture development. To substantiate this question, dimensions and the process of its impacts in Iran have been studied in this research. Also, the impact of globalization on political culture, parties, and the press has been evaluated in this research.
Sam68/KHDRBS1 is critical for colon tumorigenesis by regulating genotoxic stress-induced NF-κB activation
Authors: Fu Kai , Sun Xin , Wier Eric M , Hodgson Andrea , Liu Yue , Sears Cynthia L , Wan Fengyi
Published: July 2016

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated transcription is an important mediator for cellular responses to DNA damage. Genotoxic agents trigger a 'nuclear-to-cytoplasmic' NF-κB activation signaling pathway; however, the early nuclear signaling cascade linking DNA damage and NF-κB activation is poorly understood. Here we report that Src-associated-substrate-during-mitosis-of-68kDa/KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 1 (Sam68/KHDRBS1) is a key NF-κB regulator in genotoxic stress-initiated signaling pathway. Sam68 deficiency abolishes DNA damage-stimulated polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) production and the PAR-dependent NF-κB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes. Sam68 deleted cells are hypersensitive to genotoxicity caused by DNA damaging agents. Upregulated Sam68 coincides with elevated PAR production and NF-κB-mediated anti-apoptotic transcription in human and mouse colon cancer. Knockdown of Sam68 sensitizes human colon cancer cells to genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis and genetic deletion of Sam68 dampens colon tumor burden in mice. Together our data reveal a novel function of Sam68 in the genotoxic stress-initiated nuclear signaling, which is crucial for colon tumorigenesis.
Revision of Goodyera rubicunda (Orchidaceae: Goodyerinae)
Authors: Juswara Lina Susanti , Ormerod Paul
Published: July 2016

The Goodyera rubicunda complex has broad morphological variation of the floral parts. A revision of the

G. rubicunda complex was conducted and three intraspecific groups were recognised; G. rubicunda var. rubicunda

which is the widespread variety, G. rubicunda var. triandra, and G. rubicunda var. australis var. nov. Herein, we

propose the variety G. rubicunda var. australis from Australia and Papua New Guinea as newly described.
Tidal mixing signatures in the Indonesian seas from high‐resolution sea surface temperature data
Authors: Ray Richard D. , Susanto R. Dwi
Published: July 2016

The presence of significant tidal mixing in the Indonesian seas is well established from both observations and numerical modeling. One indicator is a clear spring‐neap cycle in satellite sea surface temperature (SST) measurements, as first shown by Ffield and Gordon. Their early results are here updated with SST data of considerably higher spatial and temporal resolution. The largest fortnightly signals are found to be localized to relatively small straits, channels, and sills, while the deep basin of the Banda Sea displays little significant signal. A broader region of somewhat enhanced signal surrounds the Seram Sea. The high resolution of the modern SST data is especially critical for mapping the complex fortnightly signals that arise in, and especially south of, the major straits of the Lesser Sunda Island chain.
Long‐range transport of NH3, CO, HCN, and C2H6 from the 2014 Canadian Wildfires
Authors: Lutsch E. , Dammers E. , Conway S. , Strong K.
Published: July 2016

We report the first long‐term measurements of ammonia (NH3) in the high Arctic. Enhancements of the total columns of NH3, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) were detected in July and August 2014 at Eureka, Nunavut, and Toronto, Ontario. Enhancements were attributed to fires in the Northwest Territories using the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Fire Hot Spot data set. Emission estimates are reported as average emission factors for HCN (0.62 ± 0.34 g kg−1), C2H6 (1.50 ± 0.75 g kg−1), and NH3 (1.40 ± 0.72 g kg−1). Observations of NH3 at both sites demonstrate long‐range transport of NH3, with an estimated NH3 lifetime of 48 h. We also conclude that boreal fires may be an important source of NH3 in the summertime Arctic.
Forward modeling of δ18O in Andean ice cores
Authors: Hurley J. V. , Vuille M. , Hardy D. R.
Published: July 2016

Tropical ice core archives are among the best dated and highest resolution from the tropics, but a thorough understanding of processes that shape their isotope signature as well as the simulation of observed variability remain incomplete. To address this, we develop a tropical Andean ice core isotope forward model from in situ hydrologic observations and satellite water vapor isotope measurements. A control simulation of snow δ18O captures the mean and seasonal trend but underestimates the observed intraseasonal variability. The simulation of observed variability is improved by including amount effects associated with South American cold air incursions, linking synoptic‐scale disturbances and monsoon dynamics to tropical ice core δ18O. The forward model was calibrated with and run under present‐day conditions but can also be driven with past climate forcings to reconstruct paleomonsoon variability. The model is transferable and may be used to render a (paleo)climatic context at other ice core locations.
The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)
Authors: Frey H. U. , Mende S. B. , Harris S. E. , Heetderks H. , Takahashi Y. , Su H.‐T. , Hsu R.‐R. , Chen A. B. , Fukunishi H. , Chang Y.‐S. , Lee L.‐C.
Published: July 2016

The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) was the first specifically dedicated instrument to observe lightning‐induced transient luminous events (TLE): sprites, elves, halos, and gigantic jets from space. The Imager is an intensified CCD system operating in the visible wavelength region with a filter wheel to select from six positions with filters. The Imager has a 5° × 20° (vertical times horizontal) field of view. The spectrophotometer (SP) is populated with six photometers with individual filters for emissions from the far ultraviolet to the near infrared. An array photometer with two channels operating in the blue and red provides altitude profiles of the emission over 16 altitude bins each. The Associated Electronics Package (AEP) controls instrument functions and interfaces with the spacecraft. ISUAL was launched 21 May 2004 into a Sun‐synchronous 890 km orbit on the Formosat‐2 satellite and has successfully been collecting data ever since. ISUAL is running on the nightside of the orbit and is pointed to the east of the orbit down toward the limb. The instrument runs continuously and writes data to a circular buffer. Whenever the SP detects a sudden signal increase above a preset threshold, a trigger signal is generated that commands the system to keep the data for about 400 ms starting from ~50 ms before the trigger. Over its lifetime of ~11 years the system recorded thousands of TLE and also successfully observed aurora and airglow.
Equatorial ionospheric plasma drifts and O+ concentration enhancements associated with disturbance dynamo during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day magnetic storm
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Wilson Gordon R. , Hairston Marc R. , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Wenbin , Liu Jing
Published: July 2016

Disturbance dynamo is an important dynamic process during magnetic storms. However, very few direct observations of dynamo‐induced plasma drifts and ion composition changes in the equatorial ionosphere are available. In this study, we use measurements of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites to identify the characteristics of the disturbance dynamo process in the topside equatorial ionosphere near dawn during the magnetic storm with a minimum Dst of −223 nT on 17 March 2015. Data from four DMSP satellites with equatorial crossings at 0245, 0430, 0630, and 0730 LT are available for this case. The dynamo process was first observed in the postmidnight sector 3–4.7 h after the beginning of the storm main phase and lasted for 31 h, covering the second storm intensification and the initial 20 h of the recovery phase. The dynamo vertical ion drift was upward (up to 150–200 m s−1) in the postmidnight sector and downward (up to ~80 m s−1) in the early morning sector. The dynamo zonal ion drift was westward at these locations and reached ~100 m s−1. The dynamo process caused large enhancements of the O+ concentration (the ratio of the oxygen ion density to the total ion density) at the altitude of 840 km near dawn. The O+ concentration increased from below 60% during the prestorm period to 80–90% during the storm time. More specifically, the O+ density was increased, and the H+ density was decreased. The variations of the O+ concentration were well correlated with the vertical ion drift.