bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use and Cost of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Politzer Cary S. , Bala Abiram , Seyler Thorsten M. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Garrigues Grant E.
Published: January 2020

Although reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) may outperform hemiarthroplasty (HSA) for acute proximal humerus fractures (PHF), both the RTSA implant and the procedure are more expensive. The goal of this study was to compare the use and longitudinal cost of care for RTSA vs HSA for the treatment of PHF. Patients were selected from a private payer database with a surgical date between 2010 and 2015. The
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD-9-CM
), codes were used to identify patients who underwent RTSA and HSA for PHF. The 1-year cost follow-up was guaranteed. During the study period, a total of 1038 patients underwent RTSA and 1046 patients underwent HSA for the treatment of PHF. A total of 601 patients who underwent RTSA and 431 patients who underwent HSA with at least 1 year of follow-up were matched by age and sex. The average Charlson Comorbidity Index for the RTSA and HSA groups was 4, indicating similar health status. From 2010 to 2015, the use of RTSA increased linearly (
R
2
=0.986), whereas the use of HSA decreased linearly (
R
2
=0.796). The average index admission cost was higher for RTSA than for HSA ($15,263 vs $14,356, respectively; mean difference [MD], $907; 95% confidence interval [CI], $58-$1760;
P
=.04). At 1 year postoperatively, however, no statistically significant difference was noted in cost (
P
=.535). The 1-year physical and occupational therapy cost per patient was higher after HSA than after RTSA (MD, $723; CI, $718–$728;
P
<.001), but no difference was noted in discharge disposition or 1-year revision or readmission rates. The results of this study suggest that despite the higher initial cost of RTSA, the total cost of care in the year after RTSA and HSA is similar. Therefore, RTSA should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(2):119–125.]
The General Pediatrician's Guide to Isolated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kumar Prerna
Published: January 2020

Platelets are an essential component of the hemostatic pathway; therefore, it is important to identify and diagnose patients with low platelet counts. This can be challenging, however, because thrombocytopenia can be relatively common and the differential diagnosis can be broad. Furthermore, because platelets can be affected both in form and function in a variety of medical conditions, platelet abnormalities can be the principal driver in some disorders but only a consequence in others. Critical factors in identifying the etiology of the thrombocytopenia include the severity and acuity of the patient's initial presentation along with the history, physical examination, and laboratory findings, all of which can provide important clues. The accurate diagnosis of thrombocytopenia is crucial for determining the appropriate management. This review highlights the key diagnostic considerations and recommended treatment when isolated thrombocytopenia is encountered in clinical practice.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(1):e27–e35.]
Ploidy influences on metabolic substrate deposition of rainbow trout
Authors: Gomes Aline Dal`Olio , Vieira Vanessa Aparecida Rocha Oliveira , Tabata Yara Aiko , Takahashi Neuza Sumico , Moreira Renata Guimarães , Ribeiro Cristiele Silva
Published: January 2020

Triploid fish are usually sterile. Thus, the energy and nutrients intended for sexual maturation may be available to enhance flesh quality and physical growth. The present study aimed to investigate differences in the metabolic substrates, lipids and proteins, between storage tissues from diploid and triploid female rainbow trout. Monthly, metabolic substrates were quantified in liver, muscle, and ovaries, which were collected during the first reproductive cycle. In general, it was possible to identify a seasonal and similar deposition of metabolites in different tissues of 2n and 3n females, mainly at early stages of gonadal maturation. However, from the stages 5-6, the ovaries showed great differences between ploidies, with higher concentration of lipids and protein in 2n females. This result reflects the incorporation of vitellogenin in oocytes, which is a process that does not occur in 3n females. It was possible to observe seasonal hepato-somatic index changes in 2n females, with higher values observed in the post-ovulatory stage, and the triploid animals showed lower values compared to 2n, with no seasonal difference. Viscero-somatic index can reflect the mobilization of substrates, with higher values found for 2n females in stage 5-6, which is the period of active mobilization of tissue substrates.
Feeding behavior of goat kids fed diets containing peach palm meal
Authors: Pereira Taiala Cristina de jesus , Ribeiro Leandro Sampaio Oliveira , Pereira Mara Lúcia Albuquerque , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Pereira César Augusto Ramos
Published: January 2020

The aim in this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of goat kids fed diets containing peach palm meal replacing corn (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85 % on a dry matter basis). Thirty crossbred Boer kids, with 90 days old and initial body weight of 16.7 ± 3.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Diets were daily supplied ad libitum to allow 10-20 % leftovers. Three collections were performed every 28 days. Diets were isoenergetics and isonitrogenous, composed of corn, soybean meal, peach palm meal, mineral supplement and Tifton 85 hay, with roughage: concentrate ratio of 30:70. There was a linear reduction in the intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with a respective decrease of 35.7 % and 58.8 % comparing the diet with 85 % replacement and the control diet. The rumination and chewing times increased in diets with peach palm meal. The feeding and rumination rates decreased with reducing intakes of DM and NDF. The peach palm meal affects the feeding behavior and decreases the feed intake in response to palatability, fat and fiber composition, and it is recommended until 10 % replacing corn.
Bees biodiversity, forage behavior and fruit production in gherkin crop (Cucumis anguria L.)
Authors: Malerbo-Souza Darclet Teresinha , Andrade Milena Oliveira de , Siqueira Rodrigo Alves de , Medeiros Núbia Maria Guedes de , Farias Lucas Rodrigues de , Silva Thulio Gustavo da , Nascimento Lucas Delano Sousa , Pimentel André Carlos Silva
Published: January 2020

The objectives were to evaluate the biodiversity of bees, forage behavior and their effect on fruit production in the gherkin crop (Cucumis anguria L.) in the campus of the University Center Moura Lacerda in two years. The frequency and type of collection of the insects in the flowers was observed by counting from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., in the first 10 minutes of each time, for three distinct days in each year. The percentage of fruiting was quantified in 25 female flowers covered with nylon compared to the 25 female flowers uncovered in the two years. The flowers were visited by the Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera and the native bees Plebeia sp., Exomalopsis sp. and Melissodes sp., and the Africanized honey bees presented higher frequency and constancy with a higher number of visits in the male flowers compared to the female ones and these visits occurred between 8:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Without the visitation of the bees there was no fruit production, and both the Africanized honey bee and the native ones when collecting nectar and pollen, visited both female and male flowers, carrying pollen in their body, being considered important pollinators of this culture.
O Ensino de Sociologia na Formação de Professores de Santa Catarina
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: January 2020

O ensino de sociologia no Brasil inicia-se fortemente vinculado à formação de professores na década de 1930, principalmente nas Escolas Normais, posteriormente solidificando-se através de cursos de ciências sociais, bem como de cadeiras em outros cursos. Neste artigo analiso o ensino de sociologia na formação de professores da Faculdade Catarinense de Filosofia na década de 1960, quando são criados os cursos de pedagogia e de didática, partindo dos relatórios de ensino produzido pela primeira professora que assumiu esta cadeira.
Cultura, organização escolar e coordenação pedagógica: espaços de interseção
Authors: Nadal Beatriz Gomes
Published: January 2020

A pesquisa problematizou a cultura existente no trabalho de coordenadores pedagógicos que atuam em escolas públicas. Teve como objetivos apontar noções sobre a dinâmica cultural associando-a à cultura profissional dos coordenadores; conhecer as características do trabalho por eles desenvolvido no interior das escolas públicas; e ainda contribuir para os processos de reflexão profissional de coordenadores pedagógicos que atuam na gestão/coordenação escolar. Desenvolveu-se na perspectiva qualitativa de tipo interpretativo. Revelou que as escolas partilham de valores ligados à burocracia, embora esta se apresente em franca disfunção, podendo significar resistência ou tentativa de superação frente a uma organização carente de uma nova racionalidade. Quanto à coordenação pedagógica de tais organizações, inferimos que o trabalho que mais se evidencia é o da coordenação das inconsistências da burocracia existente, ainda não tendo se revelado de forma plena a coordenação político-democrática do esforço humano coletivo por meio da formação continuada, reflexiva e colaborativa na escola.
A constituição do direito social à educação em legislações mineiras da década de 1920
Authors: Rocha Marlos Bessa Mendes da
Published: January 2020

O trabalho apresenta pesquisa sobre duas legislações surgidas nos anos de 1920 no Estado de Minas Gerais. A primeira refere-se à lei 800, de 27 de setembro de 1920 (reorganiza o ensino primário do Estado e contém outras disposições); a segunda, produz a regulamentação da lei 800, aprovada em 1924. O suposto é de que a legislação expressa um tempo histórico, vale dizer, mais do que intenções de elites governantes, ela é expressão de uma época, com seus problemas, bem como de valores que ordenam o tratamento das questões. A hipótese que procuramos demonstrar é de que tais legislações são indicadoras de um tempo histórico já na fase do ‘entusiasmo educacional’, na caracterização de Jorge Nagle (2001), porém ainda precedendo a constituição do direito social à educação, marco da modernidade educacional brasileira e mundial. A dimensão faltante para o ingresso no novo tempo é precisamente a permanência de uma concepção genérica de cidadania revelada numa ordenação escolar que fragiliza o protagonismo público. Isso ocorre seja através de concepção de obrigação da oferta educacional dividida com a sociedade, seja através da exigência de ‘consciência cívica’ do povo antecedendo a oferta, numa clara culpabilização deste que limita a expansão escolar. O procedimento do trabalho faz-se pela exegese das fontes legais normativas e regulatórias, incluindo nestas as Atas escolares, bem como pelos debates legislativos registrados.
In vitro and in vivo response of composites based on chitosan, hydroxyapatite and collagen
Authors: Amaral Maurício Bordini do , Viana Rommel Bezerra , Viana Katúcia Bezerra , Diagone Cristina Aparecida , Denis Aline Bassi , Plepis Ana Maria de Guzzi
Published: January 2020

The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cellular toxicity and biological behavior of new bone graft composites after subcutaneous implantation during remodeling and wound-healing processes. We developed composites based on hydroxyapatite (obtained by deproteinizing bovine bone), collagen (obtained from bovine tendon) and chitosan (obtained from gladii of the squid species Loligo), that were characterized by different techniques (X-ray, FT-IR, Thermogravimetry, DSC and SEM). Three biomaterials were evaluated here: B1 (collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite), B2 (collagen/hydroxyapatite) B3 (collagen/hydroxyapatite). For in vitro cytotoxicity tests, two cell lines were used: HEp human larynx tumor cells (ATCC-CCL-23) and VERO cells from African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). These toxicity tests demonstrated that the evaluated composites are not toxic. In biocompatibility tests, the results of a histological analysis showed that all three biomaterials present a low inflammatory tissue reaction. The tissue response was most favorable for sample B3, followed by B2 and B1, in that order. Based on these results, we conclude that all three biomaterials show good biocompatibility and no evidence of cytotoxicity; thus, these materials represent good candidates for tissue and graft engineering for use in bone regeneration.
The use of control chart for a continuous monitoring of the water-oil ratio in fields of the Potiguar basin/Brazil
Authors: Assunção Carla Simone de Lima Teixeira , Vieira Marcela Marques , Ho Linda Lee
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, petroleum is the most used energy source in the world, however it also produces a great volume of a residue denominated produced water (PW). This water has no commercial value and requires treatment, due to potential contaminants in its composition, in order to be destined for disposal or reinjection during recovery methods. In this way, the produced water management needs specific process support it, becoming costly. Therefore, the present work proposes a continuous monitoring methodology of the water-oil ratio, aiming to subsidize the field viability analyses. Once that the water-oil ratio data are auto-correlated, some adjustments are needed before the application of the control charts. Therefore, ARIMA models were adjusted to the data, evaluating the accuracy of the models, then, the control charts were built based on the residues. In this paper, the type of control charts considered was a Shewhart for the averages. The performance of the chart was evaluated through simulations and it was determined that it is efficient to detect big deviations, but slow to small deviations.
Retention of β-carotene in biofortified sweet potato chips after processing
Authors: Marangoni Júnior Luís , Ito Danielle , Ribeiro Sophia Moyses Lamonica , Silva Marta Gomes da , Aguirre José Maurício de , Alves Rosa Maria Vercelino
Published: January 2020

Consumption of biofortified foods such as sweet potatoes with high content of β-carotene may reduce deficiency of this micronutrient. The development of biofortified sweet potato chips expands the distribution and offers an alternative to the consumption of this product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal blanching methods (steam and in boiling water) in β-carotene retention in the production of dehydrated biofortified sweet potato chips with air circulation at 65°C. The raw material, the chips blanched in steam and in boiling water had a content of β-carotene of 501.86 ± 53.65, 490.23 ± 30.00 and 473.91 ± 11.43 µg g-1 (d.b.) respectively. The retention of β-carotene for steam and boiling water blanching was 97.7 and 94.4% respectively. The blanching conditions followed by drying used in the processing to obtain sweet potato chips were adequate as they resulted in β-carotene high retention.
Characterisation of a “green” lipase from Aspergillus niger immobilised on polyethersulfone membranes
Authors: Souza Fernanda  Martins de , Soares Cleide Mara Faria , Lima Alvaro Silva , Santana Luciana Cristina Lins de Aquino
Published: January 2020

In this work, a “green” Aspergillus niger lipase obtained from the solid-state fermentation of Hancornia speciosa (“mangaba”) seeds was efficiently immobilised on polyethersulfone membranes (PES) by physical adsorption (PES-ADS-lipase) and covalent bonding (PES-COV-lipase) (immobilisation yields of 92 and 81%, respectively). The free lipase showed an optimum pH close to neutrality, while the biocatalysts displaced the pH to the alkaline region (optimum pH 9.0 and 11.0 for PES-ADS-lipase and PES-COV-lipase, respectively). The optimum temperature of free lipase was 55°C; however, a higher thermal stability occurred at 37°C. The PES-ADS-lipase and PES-COV-lipase showed lower optimum temperatures (37 and 45°C, respectively) but higher thermal stabilities at 45 and 55°C, respectively. The lower thermal inactivation constant and higher half-life of PES-COV-lipase at 55°C confirmed the efficiency of covalent bonding in maintaining the thermal stability of the enzyme. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and maximum rate of reaction (Vmax) were also determined, and the biocatalysts showed higher affinities to substrates (lower Km values) than free lipase. In this work, the biocatalysts showed good catalytic properties with future potential applications in hydrolysis reactions. The use of a “green” lipase obtained from agroindustrial residue makes this product economically attractive from an industrial point of view.
Accessibility index for urban walkable spaces
Authors: Silva Otavio Henrique da , Pitilin Taiany Richard , Gobbo Caio Augusto Rabello , Caxambu Marcelo Galeazzi , Sanches Suely da Penha , De Angelis Neto Generoso
Published: January 2020

Considering the importance of technical accessibility parameters to the adequacy of urban areas for all people, this study aimed to develop a quantification method of pedestrian accessibility based on the technical standardization. The Accessibility of Walkable Spaces index (AWS) is composed of seven measurable indicators according to standards of accessibility, ranging from 0 (Inaccessibility) to 1 (Accessibility). After an audit of 570 sidewalk stretches in São Tomé, State of Paraná, Brazil, the Inaccessible situation was verified as the most recurrent (60.3% of the sidewalk stretches). The best conditions were found in the more consolidated urban central area, as demonstrated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). The method showed adequate applicability. So, municipalities can use AWS index as a useful planning tool to prioritize interventions and provide inclusive and more sustainable environments to its citizens.
Enterotoxins production, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from refrigerated raw cow milk
Authors: Lampugnani Camila , Montanhini Maike Taís Maziero , Campos‐Galvão Maria Emilene Martino , Nero Luis Augusto , Bersot Luciano dos Santos
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus in refrigerated raw cow milk, and identify the presence of enterotoxin-expression genes, enterotoxin production and adherence ability, and antimicrobial resistance potential of the isolated strains. Fifty raw milk samples obtained in different dairy farms were analyzed for S. aureus and evaluated in the isolates the presence of genes associated with the production of major staphylococcal enterotoxins and biofilm formation. In vitro assays were also performed to evaluate the production of enterotoxins and adherence ability, and the antimicrobial resistance. One half (25/50) of raw milk samples presented coagulase-positive staphylococci and 95.2% of the isolates were confirmed to be S. aureus. Among them, 42.4% were carrying genes for enterotoxins production; however, only one isolate was able to produce enterotoxins. All S. aureus isolates were carrying at least two genes associated with biofilm formation and 95.2% isolates was able to adhere upon the in vitro assay. All isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance potential to one or more of the tested antibiotics.
Intracellular IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Isoform 1 Released from Keratinocytes upon Cell Death Acts as an Inhibitor for the Alarmin IL-1α
Authors: Martin Praxedis , Palmer Gaby , Rodriguez Emiliana , Palomo Jennifer , Lemeille Sylvain , Goldstein Jérémie , Gabay Cem
Published: January 2020

The inflammatory effects of IL-1α/β are controlled by IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra). One IL-1Ra isoform is secreted, whereas three other isoforms (intracellular IL-1Ra [icIL-1Ra] 1, 2, and 3) are supposed to remain intracellular because of the absence of a signal peptide. In contrast to the well-characterized function of the secreted isoform, the biological role of the intracellular isoforms remains largely unclear. icIL-1Ra1 represents the major isoform in keratinocytes. We created icIL-1Ra1−/− mice and investigated the role of icIL-1Ra1 in Aldara (5% imiquimod)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Naive icIL-1Ra1−/− mice bred habitually and exhibited a normal phenotype. icIL-1Ra1 deficiency aggravated Aldara-induced skin inflammation, as demonstrated by increased ear thickness and increased mRNA levels of key proinflammatory cytokines. No intracellular effect of icIL-1Ra1 could be detected in isolated keratinocytes using RNA-sequencing analysis; however, Aldara treatment led to caspase 1/11-, caspase 8-, and RIPK3-independent keratinocyte cell death accompanied by the release of both icIL-1Ra1 and IL-1α. Furthermore, blocking IL-1α attenuated the clinical severity of Aldara-induced ear thickening in icIL-1Ra1−/− mice. Our data suggest that upon keratinocyte damage icIL-1Ra1 acts extracellularly as an antagonist of the alarmin IL-1α to immediately counteract its inflammatory effects.
Anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast on smoke-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: Basyigit Ilknur , Sahin Murat , Sahin Deniz , Yildiz Fusun , Boyaci Hasim , Sirvanci Serap , Ercan Feriha
Published: January 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effects of montelukast in smoke- induced lung injury.Methods: 28 Wistar-Albino rats were enrolled into 4 groups with 7 rats per group. The healthy control group was exposed to fresh air while all rats in the 3 experimental groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 20 weeks for 2 hours per day. After histopathological verification of smoke induced lung injury, montelukast (0.1 mg/kg) dissolved in Na2CO3 was given in one group (MON), Na2CO3 only was given in another group (MON control) and placebo was injected in the third group (COPD control) intraperitoneally for 21 days. At the end of this period blood samples were obtained for serum TNF-α assessment and light and electron microscopy analy- ses were performed on the lung tissues of sacrificed rats.

Results: Serum TNF-α levels in the MON group were signifi- cantly lower than in the MON control and COPD control groups (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml, 77.5 ± 5.8 pg/ml and 79.2 ± 6.9 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore there was no sta- tistically significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls with respect to serum TNF-α levels (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml vs. 29.5 ± 3.6 pg/ml, p > 0.05). Light and electron microscopic evaluation of the lungs demonstrated that the total histopathological damage score of the lung samples was significantly lower in the MON group than in MON controls and COPD controls (5.14 ± 0.5, 8.4 ± 0.6 and 8.7 ± 0.4 respec- tively, p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls (5.1 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.2, p > 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that montelukast might have a protective effect on smoke-induced lung injury in rats both from a histopathological and inflammatory point of view.
Relationship between disease severity and D-dimer levels measured with two different methods in pulmonary embolism patients
Authors: Coskun Funda , Yilmaz Dilber , Ursavas Ahmet , Uzaslan Esra , Ege Ercument
Published: January 2020

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is diagnosed with increasing fre- quency nowadays due to advances in the diagnostic methods and the increased awareness of the disease. There is a tenden- cy to use non invasive diagnostic methods for all diseases. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product. We aimed to detect the relationship between disease severity and the D-dimer levels measured with two different methods. We compared D-dimer levels in cases of massive vs. non-massive PE. A total of 89 patients who were diagnosed between 2006 and 2008 were included in the study. Group 1 included patients whose D-dimer levels were measured with the immunoturbidimetric polyclonal antibody method (D-dimerPLUS®), while Group 2 patients made use of the immunoturbidimetric monoclonal antibody method (InnovanceD-DIMER®). In each group, the D-dimer levels of those with massive and non-massive PE were compared, using the Mann Whitney U test. The mean age of Group 1 (25F/26M) was 56.0 ± 17.9 years, and that of Group 2 (22F/16M) was 52.9 ± 17.9 years. There was no sta- tistical difference in gender and mean age between the two groups (p > 0.05). In Group 1, the mean D-dimer level of mas- sive cases (n = 7) was 1444.9 ± 657.9 μg/L and that of non- massive PE (n = 34) was 1304.7 ± 350.5 μg/L (p > 0.05). In Group 2, the mean D-dimer level of massive cases (n = 6) was 9.7 ± 2.2 mg/L and that of non-massive PE (n = 32) was 5.9 ± 1.3 mg/L (p < 0.05). The mean D-dimer levels of massive cases as measured with the immunoturbidimetric monoclonal anti- body method were significantly higher. Pulmonary embolism patients whose D-dimer levels are higher (especially higher than 6.6 mg/L) should be considered as possibly having massive embolism. Diagnostic procedures and management can be planned according to this finding.
Measures of dyspnea in pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Crisafulli Ernesto , Clini Enrico M.
Published: January 2020

Dyspnea is the main symptom perceived by patients affected by chronic respiratory diseases. It derives from a complex interaction of signals arising in the central nervous system, which is connected through afferent pathway receptors to the peripheral respiratory system (airways, lung, and thorax). Notwithstanding the mechanism that generates the stimulus is always the same, the sensation of dyspnea is often described with different verbal descriptors: these descriptors, or linguistic ‘clusters’, are clearly influenced by socio-individ- ual factors related to the patient. These factors can play an important role in identifying the etiopathogenesis of the underlying cardiopulmonary disease causing dyspnea.

The main goal of rehabilitation is to improve dyspnea; hence, quantifying dyspnea through specific tools (scales) is essen- tial in order to describe the level of chronic disability and to assess eventual changes after intervention. Improvements, even if modest, are likely to determine clinically relevant changes (minimal clinically important difference, MCID) in patients.

Currently there exist a large number of scales to classify and characterize dyspnea: the most frequently used in everyday clinical practice are the clinical scales (e.g. MRC or BDI/TDI, in which information is obtained directly from the patients through interview) and psychophysical scales (such as the Borg scale or VAS, which assess symptom intensity in response to a specific stimulus, e.g. exercise). It is also possible to assess the individual’s dyspnea in rela- tion to specific situations, e.g. chronic dyspnea (with scales that classify patients according to different levels of respira- tory disability); exertional dyspnea (with tools that can measure the level of dyspnea in response to a physical stim- ulus); and transitional (or ‘follow up’) dyspnea (with scales that measure the effect in time of a treatment intervention, such as rehabilitation).
Descriptors of dyspnea in obstructive lung diseases
Authors: Antoniu Sabina A.
Published: January 2020

In obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and COPD dysp- nea is a common respiratory symptom with different charac- teristics given the different pathogenic mechanisms: in COPD initially it can occur during exertion but then it increases pro- gressively along with the airflow obstruction, whereas in asthma it occurs episodically and is caused by transient bron- choconstriction. The language of dyspnea includes a large range of clinical descriptors which have been evaluated for their correlation (of one or several descriptors) with underlying physiologic/phys- iopathologic mechanisms. These studies were done in asthma rather than in COPD, and dyspnea descriptors were found to be useful in identifying patients with life-threatening asthma. However further studies are needed to further explore such descriptors and their clinical utility. This review discusses dyspnea mechanisms in various obstructive lung disease subsets as well as the descriptors of dyspnea and their utility in clinical practice.
The manipulative therapist' group of the S.A.S.P.
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Obituaries: Lillian Erasmus and Sheila Hendry
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
National Committee of Representatives
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

Seventh meeting, held Saturday 3rd May 1980 in Johannesburg
Obituary: Johanna Helena (Helene) Van Zyl
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
South African Association of Occupational Therapy Congress
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Shortwave diathermy (S.W.D.) in the treatment of unresolved pneumonia
Authors: Blackwood S. H.M.
Published: January 2020

Dit is gevind dat pneumonie in die konsolidasie stadium effektief behandel kan word met kortgolfdiatermie om sodoende resolusie aan te help. Sommige chroniese borskwale, byvoorbeeld asma en emfiseem, vind ook hierby baat. 'n Deur-en-deur aanwending word gebruik en asemhalingsoefeninge moet altyd daarmee saam gedoen word.
Obituary: Professor B. Bromilow-Downing
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
The managment of very young children with pulmonary disorders
Authors: Blackwood S. H.M.
Published: January 2020

The problems of very young children with pulmonary disorders are considered. Their management and the involvement of the mother in the programme are discussed. A practical approach and methods of achieving improvement in the strength of respiratory muscles and in lung function are suggested.
Prenatal Effects of Plastic Migrants in Commercial Peritoneal Dialysis Solution
Authors: Khalid El-Tom Ali Khalid El-Tom Ali
Published: January 2020

Commercial peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) is widely used in the treatment of uremic patients. This type of PDS is expected to be contaminated with leachable agents originating from the plastic material of the packaging bags. Injection of the solution (280 ml/kg, i.p) into pregnant MF1 mice was applied to investigate the prenatally-induced adverse effects in their progeny due to such plastic leachables. Daily injection started; from Day 0 of gestation and continued up to delivery. The dose was divided into two equal volumes given at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. A group of pregnant mice, of 10 animals, was given the PDS of bags stored at room temperature (25oC). A similar group was given the PDS of bags preheated in a waterbath (50oC) for overnight. A third group was given a prepared control PDS from the same chemicals, stored in glass bottles from the manufacturing companies, according to the concentrations specified on the PDS bag. After weaning (one-month age), the offspring of each group were subjected to a battery of biochemical tests. The results showed that commercial PDS has induced the following significant effects in the offspring: elevation in the activity of blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increase in the blood concentration of the nonprotein nitrogenous (NPN) compounds (urea, creatinine and uric acid), and total blood cholesterol. There were also a higher percentage of stillbirths in the progeny of treated mothers. Most of the previous effects were clearly pronounced in the offspring of mothers treated with preheated-bag PDS.It was concluded that the plastic bags of the investigated PDS were leachable, and the chemical agents originating from the plastic material of these bags were toxic to the mice under study. The PDS concentration of these leachables may increase with time and storage of the bags under hot weathers. Based on the results of this study, strict control of storage temperature is recommended to minimize the leachability of these PDS bags and thus lessening the health problems that may arise in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis.
Environmental seasonality influences on reproductive attributes of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Melo Adglecianne De Sousa , Benitez Letícia Carvalho , Barbosa Veralucia Santos
Published: January 2020

Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma espécie tolerante a ambientes áridos e semi-áridos, como o nordeste brasileiro. Nessa região as condições climáticas fazem da água um recurso escasso. A limitação hídrica afeta o crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal e seu impacto dependerá da sua duração, intensidade e estádio de desenvolvimento da planta. Durante o período reprodutivo o déficit hídrico pode ser crítico, pois nesta fase há alta demanda hídrica. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar como os atributos reprodutivos de M. oleifera respondem à sazonalidade do semi-árido brasileiro. Partimos da hipótese que atributos como tamanho dos frutos, número e qualidade fisiológica das sementes são diferentes entre a estação seca e chuvosa, apresentando valores inferiores para a estação seca. Foram analisadas as características biométricas dos frutos e a germinação de sementes de M. oleifera produzidos nas duas estações. Observaram-se diferenças no peso, comprimento dos frutos e número de sementes, assim como velocidade e porcentagem de germinação entre as estações, sendo os valores superiores para a estação chuvosa. A sazonalidade afetou aspectos reprodutivos importantes para o sucesso de recrutamento e estabelecimento dessa espécie, evidenciando que, mesmo tolerando à seca, o déficit hídrico pode limitar o sucesso reprodutivo de M. oleifera.
Hyperspectral ultraviolet to shortwave infrared characteristics of marine-harvested, washed-ashore and virgin plastics
Authors: Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P. , Dierssen Heidi M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Combating the imminent environmental problems associated with plastic litter
requires a synergy of monitoring strategies, clean-up efforts, policymaking
and interdisciplinary scientific research. Lately, remote sensing
technologies have been evolving into a complementary monitoring strategy
that might have future applications in the operational detection and
tracking of plastic litter at repeated intervals covering wide geospatial
areas. We therefore present a dataset of Lambertian-equivalent spectral
reflectance measurements from the ultraviolet (UV, 350 nm) to shortwave
infrared (SWIR, 2500 nm) of synthetic hydrocarbons (plastics). Spectral
reflectance of wet and dry marine-harvested, washed-ashore, and virgin
plastics was measured outdoors with a hyperspectral spectroradiometer.
Samples were harvested from the major accumulation zones in the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans, suggesting a near representation of plastic litter in global
oceans. We determined a representative bulk average spectral reflectance for
the dry marine-harvested microplastics dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/jyxq-1m66 (Garaba and Dierssen,
2019c). Similar absorption features were identified in the dry samples of
washed-ashore plastics: dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/ex5j-0z25 (Garaba and Dierssen,
2019a). The virgin pellets samples consisted of 11 polymer types
typically found in floating aquatic plastic litter: dataset available at
https://doi.org/10.21232/C27H34 (Garaba and
Dierssen, 2017). Magnitude and shape features of the spectral reflectance
collected were also evaluated for two scenarios involving dry and wet
marine-harvested microplastics: dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/r7gg-yv83 (Garaba and Dierssen,
2019b). Reflectance of wet marine-harvested microplastics was noted to be
lower in magnitude but had similar spectral shape to that of dry
marine-harvested microplastics. Diagnostic absorption features common in the
marine-harvested microplastics and washed-ashore plastics were identified at
∼931, 1215, 1417 and 1732 nm. In addition, we include metrics
for a subset of the marine-harvested microplastics related to particle
morphology, including sphericity and roundness. These datasets are also
expected to improve and expand the scientific evidence-based knowledge of
optical characteristics of common plastics found in aquatic litter.
Furthermore, these datasets have potential use in radiative transfer
simulations exploring the effects of plastics on ocean colour remote sensing
and developing algorithms applicable to remote detection of floating plastic
litter.
Evaluating forest fire probability under the influence of human activity based on remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Yang Wei , Jiang Xiaoli
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fires are an important factor involved in the disturbance of forest ecosystems, causing resource damage and the loss of human life. Evaluating forest fire probability can provide an effective method to minimize these losses. In this study, a comprehensive method that integrates remote-sensing data and geographic information systems is proposed to evaluate forest fire probability. In our analysis, we selected four probability indicators: drought index, vegetation condition, topographical factors and anthropogenic factors. To evaluate the influence of anthropogenic factors on fire probability, a distance analysis from fire locations to settlements or roads was conducted to see which distance was associated with a higher probability. The forest fire probability index (FFPI) was calculated to assess the probability level in Heilongjiang Province, China. According to the FFPI, five classes were identified: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used as the validation method, and the results of the ROC analysis showed that the proposed model performed well in terms of forest fire probability prediction. The results of this study provide a technical framework for the Department of Forest Resource Management to predict occurrence of fires.
Fine-scale vertical structure of sound-scattering layers over an east border upwelling system and its relationship to pelagic habitat characteristics
Authors: Diogoul Ndague , Brehmer Patrice , Perrot Yannick , Tiedemann Maik , Thiam Abou , El Ayoubi Salaheddine , Mouget Anne , Migayrou Chloé , Sadio Oumar , Sarré Abdoulaye
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Understanding the relationship between sound-scattering layers (SSLs) and
pelagic habitat characteristics is a substantial step to apprehend ecosystem
dynamics. SSLs are detected on echo sounders representing aggregated marine
pelagic organisms. In this study, SSL characteristics of zooplankton and
micronekton were identified during an upwelling event in two contrasting
areas of the Senegalese continental shelf. Here a cold upwelling-influenced
inshore area was sharply separated by a strong thermal boundary from a
deeper, warmer, stratified offshore area. Mean SSL thickness and SSL vertical
depth increased with the shelf depth. The thickest and deepest SSLs were
observed in the offshore part of the shelf. Hence, zooplankton and
micronekton seem to occur more frequently in stratified water conditions
rather than in fresh upwelled water. Diel vertical and horizontal migrations
of SSLs were observed in the study area. Diel period and physicochemical
water characteristics influenced SSL depth and SSL thickness. Although
chlorophyll-a concentration insignificantly affected SSL characteristics, the
peak of chlorophyll a was always located above or in the middle of the SSLs,
regularly matching with the peak of SSL biomass. Such observations indicate
trophic relationships, suggesting SSLs to be mainly composed of
phytoplanktivorous zooplankton and micronekton. Despite local hypoxia, below
30 m depth, distribution patterns of SSLs indicate no vertical migration
boundary. The results increase the understanding of the spatial organization of mid-trophic species and migration patterns of zooplankton and micronekton, and they will also improve dispersal models for organisms in upwelling regions.
Last Glacial ice-sheet dynamics offshore NE Greenland – a case study from Store Koldewey Trough
Authors: Olsen Ingrid Leirvik , Forwick Matthias , Laberg Jan Sverre , Rydningen Tom Arne , Husum Katrine
Published: January 2020

Abstract. New swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data, supplemented with multi-proxy analyses of sediment gravity cores from Store Koldewey Trough, NE Greenland, support the presence of a shelf-break terminating Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) on the northeastern part of the Greenland Margin during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The presence of mega-scale glacial lineations and a grounding zone wedge in the outer part of the trough provides evidence of the expansion of fast-flowing, grounded ice, probably originating from the area presently covered with the Storstrømmen ice stream and cutting across Store Koldewey Island and Germania Land. Multiple halts and/or readvances interrupted the deglaciation. Two sets of crevasse-squeezed ridges in the outer and middle part of the trough may indicate repeated surging of the GIS during the deglaciation. The complex landform assemblage in Store Koldewey Trough is suggested to reflect a relatively slow and stepwise retreat during the deglaciation. Thus, the ice retreat probably occurred asynchronously relative to other ice streams offshore NE Greenland. Subglacial till fills the trough, with an overlying thin drape of maximum 2.5 m thickness of glacier proximal and glacier distal sediment. At a late stage of the deglaciation, the ice stream retreated across Store Koldewey Island and Germania Land, terminating the sediment input from this sector of the GIS to Store Koldewey Trough.
Entre libros y ferias: espacios y (des)equilibrios en el campo editorial
Authors: Martínez Martín Jesús Antonio , García Naharro Fernando
Published: January 2020

Entre libros y ferias: espacios y (des)equilibrios en el campo editorial
La feria como espacio político: el caso de la Feria del Libro de Frankfurt de 1976 como plataforma de denuncia de las dictaduras del Cono Sur
Authors: Moreno Mínguez Carmen
Published: January 2020

En este estudio de caso sobre la Feria del Libro de Frankfurt de 1976, dedicada a la literatura latinoamericana, quiero analizar de qué manera las ferias del libro pueden articularse como espacios de discurso y acción política. En el contexto de los movimientos de solidaridad con el Cono Sur que emergieron en Europa tras el golpe de estado de Pinochet en Chile en 1973, me interesa examinar cómo los ámbitos culturales, en general, y la escena literaria, en particular, se conformaron como plataformas de denuncia de los regímenes dictatoriales latinoamericanos. En el caso de la Feria del Libro de Frankfurt de 1976, quiero indagar en los agentes y en los discursos que transforman el escenario literario y editorial en un espacio político.
Marisol y Pepa Flores. Los significados políticos de una estrella (1960-1985)
Authors: Rincón Aintzane
Published: January 2020

El análisis de la figura de Marisol/Pepa Flores, uno de los iconos más populares de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, resulta relevante para estudiar los cambios sociales y políticos en España desde 1960 hasta 1985. Esta investigación analiza los distintos significados políticos que fue adoptando la celebridad en contextos distintos, poniendo de relieve que estos no se sucedieron linealmente en el tiempo y que las nuevas connotaciones no consiguieron desplazar totalmente las viejas. Al contrario, todos estos significados convivieron, aun en conflicto, poniendo de manifiesto la capacidad de una figura cultural para trabajar políticamente en direcciones opuestas.
Caro Cancela, Diego: "La Revolución de 1868 en Andalucía". Madrid, Peripecias, 2018. 392 pp
Authors: Higueras Castañeda Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Caro Cancela, Diego: "La Revolución de 1868 en Andalucía". Madrid, Peripecias, 2018. 392 pp
Vallejo, Rafael y Larrinaga, Carlos, (dirs.): "Los orígenes del turismo moderno en España. El nacimiento de un país turístico, 1900-1936", Madrid, Sílex, 2018, 1004 pp
Authors: Barral Martínez Margarita
Published: January 2020

Vallejo, Rafael y Larrinaga, Carlos, (dirs.): "Los orígenes del turismo moderno en España. El nacimiento de un país turístico, 1900-1936", Madrid, Sílex, 2018, 1004 pp
Atividade física no deslocamento em estudantes de Educação Física – um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Santos Tiago Silva dos , Leão Otavio Amaral de Andrade , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da
Published: January 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prática de atividade física (AF) no deslocamento em estudantes de Educação Física. Estudo longitudinal realizado com acadêmicos de uma Universidade Federal do Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 115 estudantes através de um questionário aplicado em dois períodos, 2014 e 2015. O nível de AF foi avaliado através do domínio de deslocamento do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. A análise estatística utilizou teste de qui-quadrado e McNemar. Verificou-se queda da AF em licenciados e bacharéis. Iniciativas governamentais e dos cursos onde estes estudantes estão inseridos são necessárias e urgentes.
A perspectiva de professores de Educação Física sobre a Escola de Tempo Integral
Authors: Zambelli Ricardo Manoel , Ribeiro Olívia Cristina Ferreira , Spolaor Gabriel Da Costa , Santana Gustavo José , Silva Débora Alice Machado da , Prodocimo Elaine
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a inserção da Educação Física (EF) em duas escolas que participaram do projeto Educação de Tempo Integral implantado no município de Campinas/SP.  Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 11 professores/as de EF que atuavam nas referidas escolas. Foram analisados os seguintes elementos: jornada de trabalho, estrutura de trabalho, matriz curricular, planejamento e interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados mostraram que não houve uma adequação da estrutura física para implementação da jornada completa; houve aumento na quantidade de aulas de Educação Física; há dificuldade na realização de planejamento conjunto e trabalho interdisciplinar.
Desenvolvimento de um programa federativo de formação de treinadores baseado em competências: o caso da CBRU
Authors: Ciampolini Vitor , Milistetd Michel , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do
Published: January 2020

Este estudo de caso buscou descrever o desenvolvimento histórico do programa de formação de treinadores da Confederação Brasileira de Rugby, assim como identificar os fatores que o influenciaram a alcançar a proposta atual. Realizou-se um levantamento das fontes documentais da CBRu e do programa ofertado, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas com o diretor de desenvolvimento da entidade. Os resultados apontam pela criação do programa a partir de um contexto amador do rugby brasileiro, no qual se destacou o suporte da World Rugby no oferecimento de um modelo inicial para implementação. Além disso, identificou-se a importância do participante na busca pelo constante aprimoramento do programa, assim como nas adaptações para atender as necessidades dos treinadores da modalidade.