bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of Wellbeing: Value Creation in Digital Mental Health Services
Authors: Jeunemaître Alisa Minina
Published: October 2023

This book chapter is dedicated to mapping and analyzing the digital mental health servicescape as an ecosystem generating transformative value and contributing to overall consumer wellbeing. The value propositions of multiple forms of digital mental health service offerings are discussed, and recommendations are provided to managers and retailers for optimizing consumer experience and value creation in the digital mental health services sector.
Employee-to-Customer Improvisation: A Value Creation Strategy for Navigating the Contemporary Consumption Experience
Authors: Vredenburg Jessica , Bell Simon J. , Polman Evan
Published: October 2023

The potential contribution that employees can make to retail firms is changing as retailing is increasingly embracing online and digital capabilities. Retailers are tasked with the role of supplementing their primary commercial role by providing unique experiences. Existing theories in service management, for example, job autonomy and service scripting, can only provide part of the solution to the inevitable variability that emerges as employees work with customers to proactively create moments of delight and reactively recover from service failures. The importance of customer service and the customer experience is becoming critical. We propose a new concept of employee-to-customer improvisation, which draws on the strengths of existing theoretical approaches while providing retail managers with fresh insights. We clarify the domain of the employee-to-customer improvisation construct and propose a conceptual framework that integrates individual and organizational antecedents, as well as contingency factors that enable employee-to-customer improvisation. Overall, our work highlights a new concept important to meeting the changing demands associated with contemporary retail encounters.
Can Future Shopping Experiences Be Present in the Past? The Case of a Local High Street
Authors: Thufvesson Ola , Aslan Devrim Umut
Published: October 2023

This chapter is a contemplation on the future experiences of local high streets based on analysing the past and present of one such local street, Södergatan in Helsingborg, Sweden. This street was established in the mid-nineteenth century, in an emerging working-class district, Söder, whose initial residents lived in crowded conditions. Without any modern technologies for storing food, or any cars for travelling longer distances, they walked everywhere, that is, to specialized stores, to work, and to school, on a daily basis. This created a vibrant street life with plenty of opportunities for social encounters. However, the establishment of new residential areas, shopping malls and supermarkets on the outskirts of the city gradually emptied the district post-1950s, until international migrants repopulated it post-1980s. These migrants took over small-scale stores and revived many of the previous retail and shopping activities occurring along this local high street. While this development bolstered the vibrancy of the street, part of the district was restructured as a distinctive consumption space based on luxury experiences. Hence, drawing on the case of Södergatan, there might be a dual future trajectory for local high streets with the first of these thriving on the sense of convenience and mechanisation of everyday items and the second providing up-scaled services to an upper-class clientele.
Smart Signage: Toward a Transformative Model that Effectively Generates Consumer-Product Relationships
Authors: Velasco Franklin , Marriott Hanna
Published: October 2023

Smart signage moves beyond traditional signage as it combines digital displays with Artificial Intelligence processes, Machine Learning attributes, and the use of Internet of Things consumer data. This chapter develops a conceptual model that illustrates both the dynamic nature of smart signs in retail contexts and the factors that coexist when consumers interact with this novel marketing communication tool. A set of new concepts and relationships are included in the model to reflect how smart signs two-way communication interface, technological characteristics, effects of psychological mechanism and privacy concerns, and formation of consumer-product relationships, all of which are useful in understanding smart signage persuasion effects. We foresee a fruitful avenue for research in the domain of smart signage and we discuss several implications for retail marketing, consumer wellbeing, and shopping experiences.
Consumer Trust and Platformised Retail Personalisation
Authors: Larsson Stefan , Haresamudram Kashyap
Published: October 2023

As retail is becoming increasingly digitised in its operation and consumer relationships, much faith is being put into automation, prediction, and insights drawn from consumer data to shape consumer experiences and expectations. Under the umbrella of data collection and artificial intelligence (AI), this chapter studies the role of consumer trust in retail personalisation. We draw empirical insights from focus-group interviews conducted with Swedish consumers regarding three main aspects: (1) consumer sentiment on data collection; (2) data-dependent retail personalisation; and (3) the digitised market logic that follows from platformisation. Firstly, the results indicate that the level of trust that consumers have in general for data collection is of relevance to how successful retailers’ use of recommendations systems and targeted ads will be. Secondly, and echoing earlier studies, user agreements and privacy notices are something that most interviewees find hard to comprehend and pay attention to. Thirdly, data collection, automation, and personalisation are often third-party dependent and platformised. To consumers, this adds to a lack of transparency and a sense of losing control of their data, which should be taken as a call to action as regards retailers being more attentive to consumer trust and avoiding third-party sharing to the extent it is possible.
Vertrauen in Journalismus
Authors: Körner Theresa
Published: October 2023

Vertrauen ist – neben dem automatisierten Journalismus – der zweite wesentliche Begriff dieser Arbeit. Das Kapitel soll die Vertrauensforschung der Kommunikationswissenschaft aufarbeiten und die zentralen Punkte aus der Theorie für das Forschungsanliegen herausstellen. Dazu wird zunächst dargelegt, warum Vertrauen der zentrale Begriff dieser Arbeit ist und nicht das Glaubwürdigkeitskonzept aus dem Forschungsstand weitergeführt wird. Danach werden die Grundlagen des Vertrauensbegriffs, wesentliche Definitionen, die Operationalisierung verschiedener Medienvertrauensbeziehungen sowie bisher ermittelte Einflussfaktoren für Medienvertrauen angesprochen. Das Kapitel endet mit der Aufbereitung empirischer Daten zum aktuellen Stand des Journalismusvertrauens in Deutschland.
CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622 affects multiple immune cell compartments and induces tissue-specific metabolic effects in lean mice
Authors: Bosch Angela J. T. , Keller Lena , Steiger Laura , Rohm Theresa V. , Wiedemann Sophia J. , Low Andy J. Y. , Stawiski Marc , Rachid Leila , Roux Julien , Konrad Daniel , Wueest Stephan , Tugues Sonia , Greter Melanie , Böni-Schnetzler Marianne , Meier Daniel T. , Cavelti-Weder Claudia
Published: October 2023

Aims/hypothesis

Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) promotes the proliferation, differentiation and survival of macrophages, which have been implicated in both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose metabolism. However, the physiological role of CSF1 signalling in glucose homeostasis and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating this pathway are not known. We aimed to study the composition of tissue macrophages (and other immune cells) following CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition and elucidate the metabolic consequences of CSF1R inhibition.

Methods

We assessed immune cell populations in various organs by flow cytometry, and tissue-specific metabolic effects by hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps and insulin secretion assays in mice fed a chow diet containing PLX5622 (a CSF1R inhibitor) or a control diet.

Results

CSF1R inhibition depleted macrophages in multiple tissues while simultaneously increasing eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. These immunological changes were consistent across different organs and were sex independent and reversible after cessation of the PLX5622. CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion. In healthy islets, we found a high frequency of IL-1β+ islet macrophages. Their depletion by CSF1R inhibition led to downregulation of macrophage-related pathways and mediators of cytokine activity, including Nlrp3, suggesting IL-1β as a candidate insulin secretagogue. Partial restoration of physiological insulin secretion was achieved by injecting recombinant IL-1β prior to glucose stimulation in mice lacking macrophages.

Conclusions/interpretation

Macrophages and macrophage-derived factors, such as IL-1β, play an important role in physiological insulin secretion. A better understanding of the tissue-specific effects of CSF1R inhibition on immune cells and glucose homeostasis is crucial for the development of targeted immune-modulatory treatments in metabolic disease.

Data availability

The RNA-Seq dataset is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE189434 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE189434).

Graphical Abstract
Increased TT–TG distance caused by excessive tibiofemoral rotation predicts poor clinical outcomes after tibial tubercle osteotomy in recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐jun , Feng Zheng , Di Menglinqian , Cao Yan‐wei , Zheng Tong , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To compare clinical outcome between recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with or without actual tibial tubercle lateralisation (TTL) after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL‐R) combined with tibial tubercle transfer.

Methods

From 2015 to 2018, a total of 172 knees with RPD and a tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance of > 20 mm were treated with MPFL‐R combined with tibial tubercle transfer. Patients were divided into the lateralisation group (TT–PCL > 24 mm, n = 74) and the nonlateralisation group (TT–PCL ≤ 24 mm, n = 60) based on the presence or absence of actual TTL (TT–PCL > 24 mm). Clinical outcomes were assessed postoperatively at a minimum of 2 years. Second‐look arthroscopic evaluations were available for 84 knees to assess cartilage damage.

Results

A total of 134 knees with a median follow‐up time of 32 months were included. Tibiofemoral rotation (TFR) was significantly higher in the nonlateralisation group than in the lateralisation group (15.4° vs. 9.4°, P < 0.001). At the final follow‐up, the nonlateralisation group had significantly lower Kujala (78.2 vs. 86.4, P = 0.001) and Lysholm (80.3 vs. 88.2, P = 0.003) scores than the lateralisation group. At the time of the second‐look arthroscopic assessment, 38.9% of the patients in the nonlateralisation group showed cartilage worsening in the medial patellar facet that was significantly higher than that in the lateralisation group (38.9% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.015).

Conclusion

Patients with RPD and an increased TT–TG distance of > 20 mm but without actual tibial tubercle lateralisation benefit less from tibial tubercle transfer than patients with actual tibial tubercle lateralisation, which may be related to the significantly higher tibiofemoral rotation angle of the former.

Level of evidence

III.
Uncertainty and long-run economy: the role of R &D and business dynamism
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Turgut Mehmet Burak
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study the effects of macroeconomic uncertainty shocks on the US economy in the long-run using an IV-SVAR methodology for the period 1960–2019. Following Piffer and Podstawski (Econ J 128(616):3266–3284, 2018), we use variation in gold prices as an instrument to identify the uncertainty shocks. We find that potential output decreases persistently in response to an uncertainty shock. Furthermore, our study shows that decline in the R &D investments and business dynamism are the two key transmission channels of the uncertainty shocks that generate long lasting effects on the economy.
Clozapine N-oxide, compound 21, and JHU37160 do not influence effortful reward-seeking behavior in mice
Authors: Aomine Yoshiatsu , Oyama Yoshinobu , Sakurai Koki , Macpherson Tom , Ozawa Takaaki , Hikida Takatoshi
Published: October 2023

Rationale

Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) has been developed as a ligand to selectively activate designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). However, previous studies have revealed that peripherally injected CNO is reverse-metabolized into clozapine, which, in addition to activating DREADDs, acts as an antagonist at various neurotransmitter receptors, suggesting potential off-target effects of CNO on animal physiology and behaviors. Recently, second-generation DREADD agonists compound 21 (C21) and JHU37160 (J60) have been developed, but their off-target effects are not fully understood.

Objectives

The present studies assessed the effect of novel DREADD ligands on reward-seeking behavior.

Methods

We first tested the possible effect of acute i.p. injection of low-to-moderate (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) of CNO, C21, and J60 on motivated reward-seeking behavior in wild-type mice. We then examined whether a high dose (10 mg/kg) of these drugs might be able to alter responding.

Results

Low-to-moderate doses of all drugs and a high dose of CNO or C21 did not alter operant lick responding for a reward under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, in which the number of operant lick responses to obtain a reward increases after each reward collection. However, high-dose J60 resulted in a total lack of responding that was later observed in an open field arena to be due to a sedative effect.

Conclusions

This study provides definitive evidence that commonly used doses of CNO, C21, and J60 have negligible off-target effects on motivated reward-seeking but urges caution when using high doses of J60 due to sedative effects.
Die Verordnung (EU) 2017/746 (IVDR) in der Praxis: Umsetzung von Anhang I in der Pathologie
Authors: Kahles Andy , Goldschmid Hannah , Volckmar Anna-Lena , Ploeger Carolin , Kazdal Daniel , Penzel Roland , Budczies Jan , Flechtenmacher Christa , Gassner Ulrich M. , Brüggemann Monika , Vogeser Michael , Schirmacher Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Die Verordnung (EU) 2017/746 über In-vitro-Diagnostika (IVDR) stellt mehrere Bedingungen an Pathologische Institute, die hausinterne In-vitro-Diagnostika (IH-IVD) entwickeln und anwenden. Diese Bedingungen müssen jedoch nicht alle unmittelbar mit dem Geltungsbeginn der IVDR zum 26.05.2022 umgesetzt worden sein. Auf der Grundlage einer Änderungsverordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates der Europäischen Union werden die Anforderungen an IH-IVD stufenweise eingeführt. Die Konformität mit den grundlegenden Sicherheits- und Leistungsanforderungen gemäß Anhang I muss seit Mai 2022 gewährleistet sein

Ziel der Arbeit

Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir die praktische Umsetzung der aktuell gültigen Bedingungen für IH-IVD im Pathologischen Institut des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg vorstellen und damit mögliche Hilfestellung für andere Einrichtungen geben

Schlussfolgerungen

Neben der intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit den Anforderungen an IH-IVD geben mehrere Handreichungen und Hilfestellungen eine Orientierungshilfe zur Umsetzung und Harmonisierung der in Artikel 5 (5) genannten Anforderungen an Gesundheitseinrichtungen. Auch der Austausch in akademischen Netzwerkstrukturen ist für die Interpretation und die praktische Umsetzung der IVDR von großer Bedeutung. Für universitäre und nicht-universitäre Einrichtungen stellt die Sicherstellung der IVDR-Konformität – neben den wesentlichen Aufgaben in der Krankenversorgung, in der Lehre und der Forschung und Weiterentwicklung von Methoden zur optimalen und zielgerichteten Diagnostik sowie der Aufrechterhaltung des sich stetig weiterentwickelnden Qualitätsmanagementsystems  – eine weitere personelle und zeitliche Herausforderung dar.
Technological advance, social fragmentation and welfare
Authors: Bosworth Steven J. , Snower Dennis J.
Published: October 2023

This paper models the welfare consequences of social fragmentation arising from technological advance. We start from the premise that technological progress falls primarily on market-traded commodities rather than prosocial relationships, since the latter intrinsically require the expenditure of time and thus are less amenable to productivity increases. Since prosocial relationships require individuals to identify with others in their social group whereas marketable commodities are commonly the objects of social status comparisons, a tradeoff arises between in-group affiliation and inter-group status comparisons. People consequently narrow the bounds of their social groups, reducing their prosocial relationships and extending their status-seeking activities. As prosocial relationships generate positive externalities whereas status-seeking activities generate negative preference externalities, technological advance may lead to a particular type of “decoupling” of social welfare from material prosperity. Once the share of status goods in total production exceeds a crucial threshold, technological advance is shown to be welfare-reducing.
Geographic access to pediatric neurosurgeons in the USA: an analysis of sociodemographic factors
Authors: Farivar Daniel , Peterman Nicholas J. , Narendran Nakul , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Nuckols Teryl K. , Bonda David , Skaggs David L.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Geographic access to physicians has been shown to be unevenly distributed in the USA, with those in closer proximity having superior outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe how geographic access to pediatric neurosurgeons varies across socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Methods

Actively practicing neurosurgeons were identified by matching several registries and membership logs. This data was used to find their primary practice locations and the distance the average person in a county must travel to visit a surgeon. Counties were categorized into “surgeon deserts” and “surgeon clusters,” which were counties where providers were significantly further or closer to its residents, respectively, compared to the national average. These groups were also compared for differences in population characteristics using data obtained from the 2020 American Community Survey.

Results

A total of 439 pediatric neurosurgeons were identified. The average person in a surgeon desert and cluster was found to be 189.2 ± 78.1 miles and 39.7 ± 19.6 miles away from the nearest pediatric neurosurgeon, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that higher Rural–Urban Continuum (RUC) codes (p < 0.001), and higher percentages of American Indian (p < 0.001) and Hispanic (p < 0.001) residents were independently associated with counties where the average person traveled significantly further to surgeons.

Conclusion

Patients residing in counties with greater RUC codes and higher percentages of American Indian and Hispanic residents on average need to travel significantly greater distances to access pediatric neurosurgeons.
Factors associated with intrachoroidal cavitation and sinkhole formation in eyes with glaucomatous visual-field defects
Authors: Yamaguchi Chiaki , Kiyota Naoki , Takahashi Naoki , Takeda Yoko , Omodaka Kazuko , Tsuda Satoru , Nakazawa Toru
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To investigate factors associated with intrachoroidal cavitation (ICC) and sinkhole formation in eyes with glaucomatous visual-field defects.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 2808 eyes of 1482 patients who were diagnosed/treated for glaucoma and underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). We first determined the prevalence of ICCs and sinkholes and their locations. Next, we selected one eye from each patient and compared the clinical characteristics of eyes with and without ICCs. Finally, in eyes with ICCs, we compared the clinical characteristics of eyes with and without sinkholes. Blood flow (BF), represented by laser speckle flowgraphy–measured tissue-area mean blur rate (MBR), was measured in the temporal optic nerve head (ONH), temporal peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy (PPA) zone, and in the ICC zone. ICC area and angle were analyzed in OCT en-face images. Mean deviation and total deviation in the central area (TD-central) were measured with Humphrey visual-field testing.

Results

A total of 86 eyes (3.1%) had ICCs and 52 eyes (1.9%) had sinkholes. ICC eyes had a lower spherical equivalent and longer axial length (AL) than non-ICC eyes (P < 0.05). Patients with eyes with sinkholes were more elderly and had worse best-corrected visual acuity, worse TD-central, a larger ICC, and lower tissue-area MBR in the temporal ONH, temporal PPA zone, and ICC zone (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In eyes with glaucoma, AL elongation might be linked to ICC formation. Sinkhole formation might be associated with ICC enlargement, impaired ocular BF, and impaired retinal structure and function involving the central area.
Escape of surgical smoke particles, comparing conventional and valveless trocar systems
Authors: Robertson Daniel , Sterke Frank , van Weteringen Willem , Arezzo Alberto , Mintz Yoav ,   The Technology Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), Boni Luigi , Baldari Ludovica , Chand Manish , Fuchs Hans , Ficuciello Fanny , Marconi Stefania , Mylonas George , Kim Young Woo , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Schijven Marlies , Valdastri Pietro , Sagiv Chen , Mascagni Pietro , Myśliwiec Piotr , Petz Wanda , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco , Horeman Tim
Published: October 2023

Background

During minimal access surgery, surgical smoke is produced which can potentially be inhaled by the surgical team, leading to several health risks. This smoke can escape from the abdominal cavity into the operating room due to trocar leakage. The trocars and insufflator that are used during surgery influence gas leakage. Therefore, this study compares particle escape from a valveless (Conmed AirSeal iFS), and a conventional (Karl Storz Endoflator) system.

Materials and methods

Using an in vitro model, a conventional and a valveless trocar system were compared. A protocol that simulated various surgical phases was defined to assess the surgical conditions and particle leakage. Insufflation pressures and instrument diameters were varied as these are known to affect gas leakage.

Results

The conventional trocar leaked during two distinct phases. Removal of the obturator caused a sudden release of particles. During instrument insertion, an average of 211 (IQR 111) particles per second escaped when using the 5 mm diameter instrument. With the 10 mm instrument, 50 (IQR 13) particles per second were measured. With the conventional trocar, a higher abdominal pressure increased particle leakage. The valveless trocar demonstrated a continuously high particle release during all phases. After the obturator was removed, particle escape increased sharply. Particle escape decreased to 1276 (IQR 580) particles per second for the 5 mm instrument insertion, and 1084 (IQR 630) particles per second for 10 mm instrument insertion. With the valveless trocar system, a higher insufflation pressure lowered particle escape.

Conclusions

This study shows that a valveless trocar system releases more particles into the operating room environment than a conventional trocar. During instrument insertion, the leakage through the valveless system is 6 to 20 times higher than the conventional system. With a valveless trocar, leakage decreases with increasing pressure. With both trocar types leakage depends on instrument diameter.
Advances in pediatric acute kidney injury pathobiology: a report from the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference
Authors: Starr Michelle C. , Barreto Erin , Charlton Jennifer , Vega Molly , Brophy Patrick D. , Ray Bignall O. N. , Sutherland Scott M. , Menon Shina , Devarajan Prasad , Akcan Arikan Ayse , Basu Rajit , Goldstein Stuart , Soranno Danielle E. ,   the ADQI 26 workgroup
Published: October 2023

Background

In the past decade, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI). In particular, animal models and studies focused on the relationship between kidney development, nephron number, and kidney health have identified a number of heterogeneous pathophysiologies underlying AKI. Despite this progress, gaps remain in our understanding of the pathobiology of pediatric AKI.

Methods

During the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus conference, a multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the evidence and used a modified Delphi process to achieve consensus on recommendations for opportunities to advance translational research in pediatric AKI. The current state of research understanding as well as gaps and opportunities for advancement in research was discussed, and recommendations were summarized.

Results

Consensus was reached that to improve translational pediatric AKI advancements, diverse teams spanning pre-clinical to epidemiological scientists must work in concert together and that results must be shared with the community we serve with patient involvement. Public and private research support and meaningful partnerships with adult research efforts are required. Particular focus is warranted to investigate the pediatric nuances of AKI, including the effect of development as a biological variable on AKI incidence, severity, and outcomes.

Conclusions

Although AKI is common and associated with significant morbidity, the biologic basis of the disease spectrum throughout varying nephron developmental stages remains poorly understood. An incomplete understanding of factors contributing to kidney health, the diverse pathobiologies underlying AKI in children, and the historically siloed approach to research limit advances in the field. The recommendations outlined herein identify gaps and outline a strategic approach to advance the field of pediatric AKI via multidisciplinary translational research.
Skorokhod topologies
Authors: Kern Julian
Published: October 2023

A gentle and informal introduction to the Skorokhod topologies. Focus is on motivating examples and concepts.
The impact of pre-ictal statin use on vasospasm and outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Andersen S. , Western E. , Sorteberg W. , Sorteberg A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Pleiotropic effects of statins may be beneficial in alleviating cerebral vasospasm (VS) and improving outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Initiation of statin treatment at aSAH is not recommended; however, the effect of pre-ictal and continued statin use is not fully investigated.

Methods

Retrospective study comparing aSAH patients admitted in 2012 to 2021 with pre-ictal statin use versus those not using statins. Patient entry variables, radiological/sonological VS, symptomatic VS, and radiologically documented delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) were registered. Outcome was scored in terms of mortality, modified Rankin score, Glasgow outcome score extended, and levels of fatigue. Patients were compared on group level and in a case–control design.

Results

We included 961 patients, with 204 (21.2%) statin users. Statin users were older and had more often hypertension. Severe radiological/sonological VS, symptomatic VS, and DCI were less frequent in statin users, and their length of stay was shorter. Mortality, functional outcome, and levels of fatigue were similar in both groups. When analyzing 89 pairs of statin users and non-statin users matched for age, aSAH severity, gender, and hypertension, we confirmed decreased radiological/sonological and symptomatic VS as well as shorter length of stay in statin users. They also had more often a favorable functional outcome and lower levels of fatigue.

Conclusions

Patients with pre-ictal and continued use of statins have a reduced occurrence of radiological/sonological and symptomatic VS, shorter length of stay, and more often favorable functional outcome, whereas mortality is similar to non-statin users. Even though larger multicenter studies with common, strict protocols for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of vasospasm are needed to finally establish the value of statins in aSAH, continuation of pre-ictal statin use seems worthwhile.
A study of the simulated climatological January mean upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Yuan Nan , Mitsudera Humio , Sasaki Hideharu
Published: October 2023

In this research, we studied the upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska using the climatological January mean and data from the output of the Ocean General Circulation Model for Earth Simulator (OFES2). Specifically, we analyzed the upwelling in the regions where the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) flows out of the Shelikof Strait (especially the part to the west of Kodiak Island) and where the ACC and the Alaskan Stream (AS) are confluent. In both regions, strong geostrophic currents and downwelling-favorable wind predominate in winter. Furthermore, there are freshwater discharges along the Alaskan coast and an observed mean current vertical shear in the ACC. We revealed that when the internal water stress is larger than the wind stress inside the study regions, this could be decisive in terms of the local horizontal velocity divergence and further upwelling, even if the region is away from the coast and lacks upwelling-favorable wind conditions. Geostrophic stress is part of the internal water stress and is a product of the geostrophic current shear (due to the thermal wind relation) and the vertical viscosity coefficient. The analysis indicated that a front with a large geostrophic stress may act as a “virtual wall” and contribute to local upwelling within a depth of approximately 100 m in the study regions. This process could provide a heuristic for understanding the distribution of pollock in the areas during February and March, which corresponds to the simulated upwelling region.
Moult performance varies in relation to colour patterns in crossbills
Authors: Fernández-Eslava Blanca , Alonso Daniel , Galicia David , Arizaga Juan
Published: October 2023

Carotenoid-based ornamentation can vary greatly among individual birds of the same population. This variability might consider the timing and duration of moult. Crossbills (genus Loxia) show large variation in their colour patterns, ranging from dull yellow to red. Thus, they provide an excellent avian model for testing whether the timing and duration of their moult are associated with their dominant colour patterns. Using a dataset of more than 1900 crossbills captured in the Pyrenees (Spain), we observed that individuals with red feathers started their primary moult early, while those with yellow feathers started moult on an average of 18 days later. We also found that yellow crossbills were more likely to suspend moults (i.e. temporally interrupt moult), postponing a part of the moult until September. These differences in the moulting process may be related to plumage colour, which reflect individual condition.
Food Insecurity and Engagement in Transactional Sex Among Female Secondary Students in Rwanda
Authors: Sheira Lila A. , Izudi Jonathan , Gatare Emmyson , Packel Laura , Kayitesi Laetitia , Sayinzoga Felix , Hope Rebecca , McCoy Sandra I.
Published: October 2023

The relationship between food insecurity and transactional sex is well recognized, but less is known about this relationship among adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 3,130 female secondary students aged 12–19 enrolled in a three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the association between food insecurity and transactional sex. The explanatory variable was food security and the outcome was ever engaging in transactional sex. Over one quarter (28.7%) reported any food insecurity and 1.9% of all participants (9.6% of sexually active participants) reported ever engaging in transactional sex. In adjusted models, ever experiencing any food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of ever transactional sex (PR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.49) compared to little to no food insecurity. These results provide insight into potential predictors of higher-risk sexual behavior in Rwanda; they also provide policy-makers with populations with whom to intervene on upstream determinants of transactional sex, notably poverty and food insecurity.
BBB security for 5-round even-Mansour-based key-alternating Feistel ciphers
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arghya , Bhaumik Ritam , Dutta Avijit , Nandi Mridul , Raychaudhuri Anik
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study the security of the Key-Alternating Feistel (KAF) ciphers, a class of key alternating ciphers with the Feistel structure, where each round of the cipher is instantiated with n-bit public round permutation $$P_i$$

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, namely the i-th round of the cipher maps $$\begin{aligned} (X_L, X_R) \mapsto (X_R, P_i(X_R \oplus K_i) \oplus K_i \oplus X_L). \end{aligned}$$

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We have shown that our 5 round construction with independent round permutations and independent round keys achieves 2n/3-bit security in the random permutation model, i.e., the setting where the adversary is allowed to make forward and inverse queries to the round permutations in a black box way.
Students’ satisfaction and empowerment of a sustainable university campus
Authors: Pedro Eugénia de Matos , Leitão João , Alves Helena
Published: October 2023

Universities are crucial in empowering a sustainable campus through the adoption of sustainable development practices (SDP), which are expressed in terms of economic, organizational, environmental, and social dimensions. Previous findings point out that students’ satisfaction ensures universities’ sustainability. Both SDP and students’ satisfaction increasingly rule universities positioning. Nevertheless, research addressing the relationship between universities’ SDP dimensions and students’ satisfaction is limited. Given this gap, this study focuses on this still unexplored relationship, as perceived by 738 full-time students at seven Portuguese universities and their academic satisfaction, using structural equation modeling. The empirical findings reveal that SDP influence students’ satisfaction, mainly through organizational and social dimensions. From the resulting implications, it is worth highlighting that: Empowerment of the sustainable university campus is positively associated with students’ satisfaction; and universities need to be continuously committed to improving particularly the economic and environmental dimensions of SDP.
The Voting Rights of Senior Citizens: Should all Votes Count the Same?
Authors: Bengtson Andreas , Albertsen Andreas
Published: October 2023

In 1970, Stewart advocated disenfranchising everyone reaching retirement age or age 70, whichever was earlier. The question of whether senior citizens should be disenfranchised has recently come to the fore due to votes on issues such as Brexit and climate change. Indeed, there is a growing literature which argues that we should increase the voting power of non-senior citizens relative to senior citizens, for reasons having to do with intergenerational justice. Thus, it seems that there are reasons of justice to disenfranchise senior citizens, or at least to grant them a lower voting weight than non-senior citizens. In this paper, we investigate whether there are democratic reasons to do so. To answer this question, we turn to the boundary problem in democratic theory, i.e., the question of who should be included in democratic decision-making. Two prominent solutions, and a more recent one, are particularly relevant: the all-affected principle, the all-subjected principle, and the relational egalitarian principle. When it comes to the all-affected principle and the all-subjected principle, we argue that there is reason to grant most senior citizens a lower voting weight than most non-senior citizens in most decisions. Whether that is the case on the relational egalitarian principle depends on how people relate to each other in society. Indeed, it is sometimes in accordance with the relational egalitarian view to grant senior citizens a greater voting weight than non-senior citizens.
Unimodal Maps Perturbed by Heteroscedastic Noise: An Application to a Financial Systems
Authors: Lillo Fabrizio , Livieri Giulia , Marmi Stefano , Solomko Anton , Vaienti Sandro
Published: October 2023

We investigate and prove the mathematical properties of a general class of one-dimensional unimodal smooth maps perturbed with a heteroscedastic noise. Specifically, we investigate the stability of the associated Markov chain, show the weak convergence of the unique stationary measure to the invariant measure of the map, and show that the average Lyapunov exponent depends continuously on the Markov chain parameters. Representing the Markov chain in terms of random transformation enables us to state and prove the Central Limit Theorem, the large deviation principle, and the Berry-Esséen inequality. We perform a multifractal analysis for the invariant and the stationary measures, and we prove Gumbel’s law for the Markov chain with an extreme index equal to 1. In addition, we present an example linked to the financial concept of systemic risk and leverage cycle, and we use the model to investigate the finite sample properties of our asymptotic results
Protective Factors for Antisocial Behavior in Youth: What is the Meta-Analytic Evidence?
Authors: Gubbels Jeanne , Assink Mark , van der Put Claudia E.
Published: October 2023

Although both risk and protective factors are important components of etiological theories for antisocial behavior, far less is known about protective factors and their impact. This review summarized primary studies on the impact of different protective factors for antisocial behavior in youth. In total, 305 studies reporting on 1850 potentially protective factors were included. Each extracted factor was first classified into one of 77 mutually exclusive groups of similar factors (referred to as domains), after which a three-level meta-analysis was conducted to determine the protective effect of each domain. A significant and negative effect was found for 50 domains, which were therefore designated as being truly protective. The largest impact (r < −0.20) was found for higher levels of conservativeness, self-transcendence, life satisfaction, involvement in romantic relationships, the capacity to reflect or mentalize, peer relationships quality, prosocial peers, prosocial values, agreeableness, school self-esteem, parental control, general resilience, and social skills. Analyses revealed that the impact of some of the 77 domains was moderated by the youth’s age (five domains) and gender (four domains) as well as the severity of antisocial behavior they exhibit (two domains), indicating that the impact of these domains differs across subgroups of antisocial youth. Given the substantial number of factors that were identified as being protective for antisocial behavior in youth, this study discusses implications for future directions, assessment strategies, and (preventive) interventions.
Lessons Learned Serving Pregnant, Postpartum, and Parenting People with Substance Use Disorders in Massachusetts: The Moms Do Care Program
Authors: Sternberger Laura , Sorensen-Alawad Amy , Prescott Telyia , Sakai Hibiki , Brown Kayla , Finkelstein Norma , Salomon Amy , Schiff Davida M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of a multidisciplinary, integrated approach to supporting pregnant, postpartum, and parenting people (PPPP) and their families affected by substance use disorders (SUD).

Description

Between 2015 and 2022, the Moms Do Care (MDC) Program, sponsored by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Substance Addiction Services, established or expanded 11 co-located medical and behavioral health teams in locations across Massachusetts. These teams provided trauma-informed primary and obstetrical health care, SUD treatment and recovery services, parenting support, and case management for approximately 1048 PPPP with SUD.

Assessment

By enhancing the capacity of medical and behavioral health providers offering integrated care across the perinatal health care continuum, MDC created a network of support for PPPP with SUD. Lessons learned include the need to continually invest in staff training to foster teambuilding and improve integrated service delivery, uplift the peer recovery coach role within the care team, improve engagement with and access to services for communities of color, and conduct evaluation and sustainability planning.

Conclusion

MDC prioritizes trauma-informed integrated care, peer recovery, and commits to addressing inequities and stigma; thus, this program represents a promising approach to supporting PPPP impacted by SUD. The MDC model is relevant for those working to build multidisciplinary, integrated systems of health care and perinatal SUD services for marginalized populations.
Promoting Innovation in State and Territorial Maternal and Child Health Policymaking
Authors: Akbarali Sanaa , Dronamraju Ramya , Simon Jessica , Echols Amani , Collins Stacy , Kaeberle Betsy , Chaudhry Atyya
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The Association of Maternal & Child Health Programs (AMCHP) and the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) launched the PRISM (Promoting Innovation in State and Territorial MCH Policymaking) Learning Community, funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). The goal of PRISM was to build state and territorial health agency program and policy-making capacity to address substance use and mental health in the maternal and child health (MCH) population. Expanding access to care and treatment for perinatal substance use disorders (SUD) emerged as the issue of greatest need for state teams.

Methods

The PRISM Learning Community consisted of three major components: (1) intensive capacity building for cross-agency state teams, which involved action planning, peer-to-peer learning, and technical assistance; (2) programming to inform the MCH field broadly about innovations in perinatal SUD policy and practice; and (3) a program evaluation involving pre-, mid-, and post-assessments and follow-up key informant interviews with state teams. This manuscript is not based on clinical study or patient data, therefore IRB approval was not required.

Results

States reported that their knowledge of perinatal SUDs increased and their cross-agency partnerships were strengthened as a result of their participation in PRISM. States identified four key priorities for their continued work: to improve multisector collaborations, to institute equitable SUD screening practices for pregnant people, to strengthen the perinatal behavioral health workforce, and to enhance Medicaid coverage for perinatal SUD prevention and treatment services. The need to respond to urgent demands of COVID-19 and the stigma associated with perinatal SUDs were the most significant barriers to advancing state action plan goals.

Discussion

Since 2018, the PRISM project has supported nine jurisdictions across two cohorts. Participation in PRISM advanced state policies and programs to improve perinatal SUD care through capacity building, technical assistance, and virtual programming. Findings and lessons learned from PRISM may inform the activities of other states seeking to address perinatal substance use disorders.
Developing strategic targeted interaction design to enhance disaster resilience of vulnerable communities
Authors: Hendriks Eefje , Stokmans Mia
Published: October 2023

Still too often, technical reconstruction assistance does not lead to adoption of hazard-resistant construction techniques by disaster-affected households. Ideally, effective interactions should be framed and communicated in such a way that it appeals to different intentions of individual households to build back safer. Currently, there is no model for humanitarian interactions that indicates what household characteristics reveal intention differences. To develop audience-specific interactions, this study adapted the three stages used in marketing: segmentation, targeting, and positioning, and the established social scientific model motivation, ability, and opportunity. Our strategic targeted interaction design (STID) method segments the affected population based on intentions to build back safer and provides tailored interactions. Based on similarities, 27 target groups are identified, requiring different interaction approaches. To test viability of the STID method, data were collected through 865 open-ended household interviews in earthquake affected communities in Nepal. Cluster analysis shows the presence of different target groups within the same communities. Descriptive statistics of the target groups led to a proposal of audience-specific interaction strategies to enhance safer construction practices and reduce disaster risk. Our analysis indicates a combination of multiple interaction strategies, prioritizing the learning process and interactions within communities over interactions with external actors. This study presents a highly promising method toward personalization of aid, tailored to perceptions of target groups over general community characteristics.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training in An Outpatient Setting for A Group of Patients with Extensive Care Needs - A Transdiagnostic Approach
Authors: Felix Christina Bertholds , Sand Peter
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a treatment originally developed för chronically suicidal adults. It is common to adapt it by using one specific component, the DBT skills training (DBT-ST) and apply it in a group therapy setting for a variety of mental disorders. The primary aim of the study was to explore whether patients with extended care needs would report improved mental health after participating in an intensive form of DBT-ST. The secondary aim was to explore whether the use of psychiatric inpatient care for the group would decrease.

Methods

Thirty-seven participants completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), and visual analogue scale (VAS) at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up after intensive DBT-ST.

Results

One-way ANOVA showed a significant effect for time on the CORE-OM: F (2,35) = 7.93, p = .001, η2 = 0.312 (large effect size). Post hoc tests indicated a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention (p = .001) and between pre-intervention and follow-up (p = .01). A Friedman test indicated a statistically significant difference in the VAS scale scores across the three time points, with p-values between 0.00 and 0.05. There was no difference in psychiatric healthcare consumption.

Conclusion

These study results confirm to some extent the feasibility and effectiveness of the intensive DBT-ST in a transdiagnostic clinical setting. The participants had a positive outcome from the skills training program, but psychiatric healthcare consumption did not decrease.