bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wait time speeds up: effects of scent arousal on time perception in service marketing
Authors: Yu Ziyue , Yang Shuai , Liu Yahui , Xie Yujia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study examines the effects of scent arousal on consumers' time perception in retail service environments and further explores how the effect is moderated by consumer-perceived stress.

Design/methodology/approach

A laboratory experiment (Study 1) and a field experiment (Study 2) were conducted to examine the relationship between scent arousal and time perception and the mediating effect between scent arousal and consumers' store evaluations. Another laboratory experiment (Study 3) was conducted to explore how consumers' stress modifies the scent arousal effect.

Findings

Consumers in a low-arousal scent condition perceived a shorter duration of time than those in a high-arousal scent condition. This finding was verified in a field experiment, whereas scent arousal affects consumers' store evaluations through the mediating effects of time perception. However, the impact of scent arousal on time perception was attenuated in high-stress conditions.

Originality/value

Time duration perception is an important indicator in the retail service marketing process. Evidence shows that underestimating time duration in the shopping process represents positive responses. This study extends prior research by examining how scent arousal influences time perception and how consumers' stress moderates scent arousal’s effect.
Tourism representation and strategies on public signs: linguistic landscape of a Saudi southern tourist destination
Authors: Hazaea Abduljalil Nasr , Al-Sofi Bakr Bagash Mansour Ahmed , Alfaifi Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate multilingual representation on public signs in the High City tourist destination in Abha, Saudi Arabia. It also reveals the linguistic strategies used in such representation.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory qualitative study used purposive sampling to analyze bottom-up public signs collected from the target tourist destination. A preliminary analysis was conducted for a more in-depth qualitative analysis of every sign. An Excel database was used to provide a general description and a preliminary reading of the strategies before using an in-depth analysis of every sign.

Findings

The study revealed that monolingualism (Arabic or English) and bilingualism (Arabic and English) represented the High City as a tourist destination where the signs served information and symbolic functions. No single multilingual sign was found. Certain linguistic strategies were used on the public signs, including politeness, transliteration, hybrid representation, personification and fragmentary. Some tourist-oriented strategies, such as the crisis communication strategy, are still missing.

Practical implications

These findings indicate that this tourist destination still targets local and regional visitors, and its linguistic landscape (LL) needs further consideration in terms of internationalization and targeting international visitors. This study implies that bilingual Arabic and English tourist destinations are potential domains for translation students and English language learners.

Originality/value

This study has focused on the LL of a newly established tourist destination in Saudi Arabia. It has shed light on the nuanced representations and strategies used through public signage. It contributes to understanding how linguistic elements can shape tourists’ perceptions and experiences.
Examining the demand side factors of green banking adoption – a study exploring the case of Oman
Authors: Iqbal Ubais Parayil , Jose Sobhith Mathew , Tahir Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Commercial banks are the financial powerhouses of a nation that can create a penetrating impact at the grassroots level. This study aims to investigate the demand-side drivers of green banking purchase intention by extending the popular theory of planned behavior (TPB) model.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a mono-method research approach to collect customers’ cross-sectional responses using structured questionnaires. The data were further analyzed using CB-SEM.

Findings

This study points out that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and environmental concern are demand-side factors that drive the intention of individual customers to adopt green banking services. The moderating roles of collectivism, age and gender are also discussed in this study.

Research limitations/implications

The present study’s results suffer from mono-method bias as they are based on primary data analysis alone. This limitation can be addressed by incorporating a mixed-method approach.

Practical implications

Several policy suggestions are offered based on the findings on improving green banking adoption among individual customers. The proper incorporation of these guidelines will expedite a nation’s aspirations for sustainable economic growth.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the demand-side factors that drive Omani customers’ intention to adopt green banking. Moreover, this study extends the TPB with environmental concern and personal values to examine the green banking adoption by individual customers.
Factors associated with patient loyalty in private healthcare sector in Egypt
Authors: El Garem Rania Ahmed Aly , Fouad Amira , Mohamed Hassan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the effect of perceived service quality, trust, perceived value and perceived cost on patient satisfaction and loyalty as well as exploring the moderating role of the sociodemographic factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered from 462 patients via a structured questionnaire, while structural equation modeling was utilized for the analysis.

Findings

Results indicated that trust, perceived value and patient satisfaction have important roles in shaping the patient loyalty, while patient satisfaction was found to fully mediate the patient’s perceived service quality. Loyalty relationship was also found to partially mediate the trust–loyalty relationship. Nonetheless, the patient’s satisfaction–loyalty relationship was found to be only moderated by the age factor.

Practical implications

Implications are provided to the Egyptian private hospitals in order for them to formulate improvement plans as well as set higher standards of conduct.

Originality/value

This original research is the first one, up to the researcher knowledge, that explores the drivers of patient satisfaction in the private hospitals in Egypt.
Intention to buy halal food through the ShopeeFood application on Generation Z Muslims
Authors: Juliana Juliana , Limayurid Annisa Sabilla , Adirestuty Fitranty , Ridlwan Ahmad Ajib , Rusmita Sylva Alif , Ismail Shafinar
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to show the factors that influence the intention of Generation Z Muslims to buy halal food products through ShopeeFood.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used quantitative methods. The analytical technique used is partial least square-structural equation modeling with 230 respondents as a sample of Generation Z Muslims in West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in June 2022 by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms and social media.

Findings

The results showed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, religiosity and intention to buy halal food through ShopeeFood in Generation Z Muslims in West Java were in the high category. However, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are the only ones that positively and significantly affect purchase intention.

Practical implications

ShopeeFood is expected to be able to identify and take advantage of the high level of intention of Generation Z Muslims to buy halal food through ShopeeFood. ShopeeFood can socialize and increase consumer attention that ShopeeFood is different from other online food delivery services. ShopeeFood can require merchants to display transparency in the composition of food products.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is perhaps the first study in the context of Generation Z Muslims in West Java, Indonesia, that deals with the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and religiosity on the intention to buy halal food through ShopeeFood. The study’s findings are essential in Islamic marketing and technological acceptance (ShopeeFood Apps).
The ethnographer and the paradox of emotional closeness. An autoethnography of shame in accounting research
Authors: Drujon d’Astros Caecilia , Gaudy Camille , Strauch Marianne
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the role of the researcher’s emotions in ethnographic practice in accounting research. This paper focuses on shame as an emotion that lingers on, despite the efforts to work through those emotions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a collective autoethnography to make sense of the fieldwork and after-fieldwork emotions and their consequences. This autoethnography began with the three authors discovering their shared feeling of shame.

Findings

Building on Hochschild’s theory (1979, 1983) on emotional labor, the authors demonstrate how shame emerged as a central and lingering emotion of the ethnographies beyond an emotional labor process. The authors show how a double shame appeared toward the field participants and the academic accounting community, affecting the writing and the work.

Originality/value

The authors demonstrate that the perception of the research community’s rules of feelings gives rise to emotions that ultimately change the work. The authors show how collective autoethnography can help accounting research to acknowledge and give room to emotions.
Role of green innovation and sustainable supply chain management in firm internationalization
Authors: Anjum Najam Akber , Shahid Zubair Ali , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Mazhar Ummad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Purpose of this study is to explore the nature of relationship between internationalization of firms, sustainability of their supply chains, and the extent of their green innovations. Understanding of the relationship between these constructs is important because of the ever increasing sustainability awareness of consumers in the leading economies of the world. This awareness is now compelling importers of goods from cheap-labor countries to ensure that their suppliers comply with sustainability regulations. This compliance becomes very challenging because of the lack of control on second-tier and third-tier suppliers in a supply chain. First-tier suppliers in this case may drive this effort but need to be motivated enough to do so. In case of environmental sustainability, green innovation (GI) may provide a gradual, and thus more affordable and practical, move toward more eco-friendly ways. As far as the motivation to commit to sustainability and GI is concerned, internationalization and export business expansion may act as one of the most effective motivators for these suppliers. However, the nature of relationship between these three constructs, i.e. internationalization of firms, sustainability of their supply chains and the extent of their GI requires a better understanding.

Design/methodology/approach

The work uses a novel data set collected from 146 medium and large textile firms operating in Pakistan. The partial least square-structural equation modeling approach is used for data analysis.

Findings

All three constructs of internationalization, GI and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) are significantly associated and thus complement each other.

Originality/value

This work uses a novel agency theory perspective to analyze the relationship between internationalization, GI and SSCM. In that sense, the findings indicate that internationalization could be one of the incentives that can be used by the principals to deal with agents’ goal conflict and information asymmetry.
Attitudes of translation agencies and professional translators in Saudi Arabia towards translation management systems
Authors: Alsubhi Waleed Obaidallah
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Effective translation has become essential for seamless cross-cultural communication in an era of global interconnectedness. Translation management systems (TMS) have redefined the translation landscape, revolutionizing project management and execution. This study examines the attitudes of translation agencies and professional translators towards integrating and utilizing TMS, with a specific focus on Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study's design was based on a thorough mixed-methods strategy that purposefully combined quantitative and qualitative procedures to create an array of findings. Through a survey involving 35 participants (both project managers and professional translators) and a series of interviews, this research explores the adoption of TMS, perceived benefits, influencing factors and future considerations. This integrated approach sought to investigate the nuanced perceptions of Saudi translation companies and expert translators about TMS. By combining the strengths of quantitative data's broad scopes and qualitative insights' depth, this mixed-methods approach sought to overcome the limitations of each method, ultimately resulting in a holistic understanding of the multifaceted factors shaping attitudes within Saudi Arabia's unique translation landscape.

Findings

Based on questionnaires and interviews, the study shows that 80% of participants were familiar with TMS, and 57% had adopted it in their work. Benefits included enhanced project efficiency, collaboration and quality assurance. Factors influencing adoption encompassed cost, compatibility and resistance to change. The study further delved into participants' demographic profiles and years of experience, with a notable concentration in the 6–10 years range. TMS adoption was linked to improved translation processes, and participants expressed interest in AI integration and mobile compatibility. Deployment models favored cloud-based solutions, and compliance with industry standards was deemed vital. The findings underscore the evolving nature of TMS adoption in Saudi Arabia, with diverse attitudes shaped by cultural influences, technological compatibility and awareness.

Originality/value

This research provides a holistic and profound perspective on the integration of TMS, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the opportunities, obstacles and potential pathways to success. As the translation landscape continues to evolve, the findings from this study will serve as a valuable compass guiding practitioners and researchers towards effectively harnessing the power of technology for enhanced translation outcomes.
Luxury fashion brand coolness: niche versus mass cool
Authors: Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Aleem Aihoor , Breazeale Mike
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the relationship of mass versus niche brand coolness on consumers’ brand loyalty, mediated by attitude toward the brand and moderated by conspicuous consumption; test the moderating role of conspicuous consumption and the mediating role of attitude between mass versus niche cool brand and brand love; and analyze whether results are stable when categorizing the luxury brands as niche versus mass cool brand.

Design/methodology/approach

Study 1 uses a panel sample to establish the mediating role of attitude toward the brand between perceptions of brand coolness and brand loyalty. Study 2 is an experimental survey study to describe the moderating role of conspicuous consumption on the relationship between mass/niche brand coolness and brand love and between mass/niche coolness and attitude toward the brand. Study 3 is a conjoint analysis that delineates the distinct factors that consumers attribute to mass versus niche cool brands in the luxury fashion arena.

Findings

This study demonstrates that attitudes mediate the relationship between brand coolness and brand loyalty. Conspicuous consumption only moderates the relationship between brand coolness and attitudes in the case of niche cool brands. In a realistic field experiment, the authors confirm the mediating impact of attitude and the moderating influence of conspicuous consumption. The authors also attempt to provide coolness dimensions that tend to be more associated with mass luxury brands and those more related to niche luxury brands.

Originality/value

These studies provide a fresh look at the concept of brand coolness, mass and niche cool brands in the context of luxury fashion brands.
Retention of tech employees in India: lessons from the extant literature
Authors: Haque Farhat
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the issue of high employee turnover in the Indian tech industry. An integrative review is conducted to analyse the past and current state of literature, as well as prepare a research agenda for future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

A pool of 72 articles published between 2010 and 2022 is reviewed with a special focus on Indian tech employees. This study elucidates the extent and impact of employee retention strategies through content analysis.

Findings

Two broad perspectives have been established in the literature: the reasons for quitting and the explanations for staying. By means of a comprehensive review, this paper combines these two aspects of literature and suggests factors under organization’s control to retain competent tech employees.

Originality/value

The study is designed to integrate the two theoretical viewpoints of employee turnover literature by consolidating the reasons behind quitting behaviour and staying intention. Codes combining the two aspects are presented as a valuable resource to retain tech talent.
Fire traps in the wet subtropics: New perspectives from Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Aland H. Y. , Coomes David A.
Published: January 2024

Fires undermine efforts to restore degraded forests in the wet tropics and subtropics. Grasslands and shrublands established after fires are more fire susceptible than forests and tend to be set alight more often, creating a positive feedback loop that curbs succession (i.e. create a fire trap). Understanding the factors that underpin the strength of these fire traps could transform restoration programmes by identifying the steps needed to escape them.

Fire traps are notoriously challenging to quantify because multiple factors influence fire occurrence and vegetation recovery. Here we used multi‐decadal satellite imagery from Landsat to create a 34‐year time series of burn areas and vegetation dynamics in wet subtropical Hong Kong. These dynamic maps were then used to characterise (1) the influence of successional stage on fire occurrence, having accounted for topographical and ignition source imbalances using neighbourhood analyses and entropy balancing (EBAL) weights, and (2) recovery time to the next successional stage by survival analysis with EBAL weights.

Our analyses revealed that fire regimes in the wet subtropics are defined by strong fire‐vegetation feedbacks. Grasslands and shrublands were 20 and 9 times more susceptible to fires than forests in similar topographic positions. Human activities compounded these differences by disproportionally introducing more ignition sources to grasslands (2.3 times) and shrublands (2.0 times) than to forests.

Burnt shrublands recovered to forests faster (19 years) than grasslands (40 years). Proximity to forest patches had strong positive effects on recovery rates, highlighting the importance of seed sources. Post‐fire recovery was faster on wetter northwest‐facing sites and valleys. Overall, topography strongly influenced recovery processes but hardly affected fire occurrence.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides the first quantification of fire trap processes in the wet subtropics, which provides new opportunities for evidence‐based fire suppression and post‐fire restoration. Our results suggest that (1) fire traps could be mitigated by fire suppression programmes as the traps are currently exacerbated by ignition source imbalance; (2) establishing green fire breaks represents an effective fire suppression measure in the wet subtropics; and (3) active restoration could target areas where models predict sluggish post‐fire natural regeneration.
Tropical forest above‐ground productivity is maintained by nutrients cycled in litter
Authors: Sayer E. J. , Leitman S. F. , Wright S. J. , Rodtassana C. , Vincent A. G. , Bréchet L. M. , Castro B. , Lopez O. , Wallwork A. , Tanner E. V. J.
Published: January 2024

Tropical forest productivity represents an important global carbon sink, but many tropical forests grow on infertile soils. Efficient nutrient cycling by litterfall has long been assumed to maintain tropical tree growth, but there is no direct evidence that the nutrients cycled in litterfall are essential for tropical forest productivity.

To test whether nutrient cycling by litterfall maintains tropical forest above‐ground productivity, we established large‐scale long‐term litter removal (L−) and litter addition (L+) treatments in a mature lowland tropical forest. We hypothesised that the removal of nutrients in litter would reduce tree growth, survival and litter production in L− plots. By contrast, the addition of nutrients in litter would enhance tree growth, survival and litter production in L+ plots. To test our hypotheses, we recorded tree growth and survival every 2 years, and measured litterfall monthly during 17 years of treatments.

Tree growth and litterfall declined over time in L− plots, with consistently lower growth rates compared to controls after 8 years, and lower litter production after 4 years of treatments. By contrast, although litterfall was higher in the L+ plots relative to the controls, there was only a minor transient increase in tree growth immediately after the start of treatments. Tree survival declined over time in all treatments but was not affected by litter manipulation.

The long‐term decline in tree growth and litterfall in the L− plots provides the first empirical evidence that nutrient cycling by litterfall plays a key role in maintaining above‐ground productivity in this tropical forest. By contrast, the transient increase in growth in the L+ plots can be attributed to the large inputs of nutrients with the addition of the entire litter standing crop at the start of treatments. The addition of nutrients in litter over the long term was nonetheless sufficient to enhance litter production, possibly by accelerating leaf turnover.

Synthesis: Efficient nutrient cycling by litterfall makes an important contribution to the annual nutrient requirements of mature tropical forest trees, compensating for infertile soils. Disturbances that disrupt this finely balanced cycle could therefore reduce biomass carbon sequestration in tropical forests.
Identification and functional verification of Y‐chromosome‐specific gene typo‐gyf in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Liu Peipei , Yu Shuning , Zheng Wenping , Zhang Qiuyuan , Qiao Jiao , Li Ziniu , Deng Zhurong , Zhang Hongyu
Published: January 2024

Genes on the Y chromosome play important roles in male sex determination and development. The identification of Y‐chromosome‐specific genes not only provides a theoretical basis for the study of male reproductive development, but also offers genetic control targets for agricultural pests. However, Y‐chromosome genes are rarely characterized due to their high repeatability and high heterochromatinization, especially in the oriental fruit fly. In this study, 1 011 Y‐chromosome‐specific candidate sequences were screened from 2 to 4 h Bactrocera dorsalis embryo datasets with the chromosome quotient method, 6 of which were identified as Y‐chromosome‐specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction, including typo‐gyf, a 19 126‐bp DNA sequence containing a 575‐amino acid open reading frame. Testicular deformation and a significant reduction in sperm number were observed after typo‐gyf knockdown with RNA interference in embryos. After typo‐gyf knockout with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 in the embryonic stage, the sex ratio of the emergent adults was unbalanced, with far more females than males. A genotype analysis of these females with the Y‐chromosome gene MoY revealed no sex reversal. Typo‐gyf knockout led to the death of XY individuals in the embryonic stage. We conclude that typo‐gyf is an essential gene for male survival, and is also involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis. The identification of typo‐gyf and its functional verification provide insight into the roles of Y‐chromosome genes in male development.
Curds in the way: A milk curd obstruction review and normal sonographic bowel appearances using a novel scoring system in neonates on fortified breast milk feeds
Authors: Kimble Lara L , Perry David , Bach Katinka P
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Fortified expressed breast milk (FEBM) is a standard of care for premature and low birth weight neonates, but comes with an elevated risk of a rare but re‐emergent pathology called milk curd obstruction (MCO). Little is known about normal sonographic appearances of bowel contents in this feeding setting, making the recognition of abnormalities difficult. Thus, we aimed to describe appearances that may be considered typical pre‐ and post‐fortifier inclusion.

Methods

Ten neonates of <32 weeks' gestation or a birth weight of <1,800 g recruited from Auckland City Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care between 1/5/2019 and 10/9/2019 received bowel ultrasounds within 24 h before and 10–14 days after starting FEBM. Bowel contents in six abdominal regions were assigned scores of 1–6 based on increasing solidification.

Results

Lower gestational age was correlated with more solid contents on the pre‐fortifier ultrasound (P = 0.02). Fortifier was significantly associated with increasing solidity, particularly in the left abdomen (P < 0.001). The left lower quadrant and rectum accounted for much of this change (P = 0.012 and P = 0.002). One subject who subsequently developed a clinical picture consistent with early MCO had uniquely demonstrated non‐rectal solid contents (score 6). The interobserver kappa score for two assessors was 0.91 (95% CI 0.94–0.99) on still images.

Conclusion

This small cohort demonstrated increasing bowel content solidification after breast milk fortification using a novel ultrasound scoring system with good interobserver agreement. Non‐rectal solid contents (score 6) appeared atypical. Ultrasound shows promise for its non‐irradiating diagnostic utility in the setting of early milk curd disease evaluation of the premature neonate.
Tracking the frequency of phytoplankton clonal lineages using multispectral image flow cytometry and neural networks
Authors: Hermann Ruben J. , Becks Lutz
Published: January 2024

Testing fundamental theories of diversity and evolutionary change often requires tracking the frequencies of clonal lineages within a population over time. Current tracking methods in plankton and microbial systems are often labour‐intensive, time‐consuming, expensive and/or unavailable, especially when high temporal resolution of frequencies is required.

The combination of multispectral imaging flow cytometry and neural networks (NN) could provide an efficient approach to classify clonal lineages by their heritable phenotypes and thus track their frequency changes. Here, we present a novel method that combines NN and feature values extracted from images to classify six clonal lineages of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on heritable morphological differences when paired in‐silico and in‐vitro. We compared different NN trained on all six clonal lineages or on pairs of two and compared the accuracy of the models.

All NN were able to classify clonal lineages with very high accuracy and the NN trained on pairs of clonal lineages achieved the highest accuracy of 97%. Using in‐vitro samples we observed a drop in accuracy to an average of 85%, which was due to the variation occurring between image acquisitions and culturing conditions causing differences in the extracted feature values.

This method can be applied to reduce the workload and running costs of long‐term lineage tracking, and it can be applied to a wide range of plankton and microbial organisms and research questions.
Labelling in financial reporting: An examination of “other comprehensive income” and non‐professional investors' judgements
Authors: Yao Daifei (Troy) , Qu Xin , Kummer Tyge‐F.
Published: January 2024

Other comprehensive income (OCI) is often confusing for financial statement users and the International Accounting Standards Board has proposed new labelling to improve its presentation. Using an experimental method, we find that OCI labelling influences non‐professional investors' evaluation and judgements on financial performance. Non‐professional investors place greater weight on OCI information presented with explicit labels when assessing both the current and future performance of a company. Our results indicate that improving the presentation of OCI information enhances their perceived relevance in investors' decision‐making. The results have practical implications for standard setters and financial statement users.
The relationship among cultural variables and weight issues for Asian American women
Authors: Tsutakawa Megan , Gamst Glenn , Kernes Jerry L. , Der Karabetian Aghop
Published: January 2024

The present study investigated whether multicultural variables derived from the Multicultural Assessment‐Intervention Process model (shifting, gender roles, acculturation, perceived discrimination) could predict levels of internalized weight bias (IWB) or disordered eating behaviours in 429 Asian American adult women. A facet of shifting, White beauty conformity and mainstream acculturation were the only multicultural variables that significantly predicted all five body‐ and eating‐related outcomes (IWB, restraint, eating, shape and weight concerns). Gender roles and two aspects of perceived discrimination (social exclusion and stigmatization) also showed predictive ability for one or more of the outcome measures. Results highlight the relationship between multicultural and body‐ and eating‐related variables for Asian American women and underscore the salience of body shape and weight, the importance placed on conforming to Western culture and beauty standards and the detrimental effects of doing so for this population. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.
Money or health? The effect of pathogen avoidance motives and life history strategies on health‐economic trade‐offs during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ma Qingyi , Ji Tingting , Guo Yongyu
Published: January 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused governments and individuals to face important but difficult trade‐offs between health and the economy. How do individuals choose between health and economic outcomes during the pandemic? Based on the behavioural immune system (BIS) theory and the life history (LH) theory, the present study examined the effects of individual differences in pathogen disgust sensitivity and life history strategy on people's health‐economic trade‐offs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results of an online study (N = 300) showed that people with higher pathogen disgust sensitivity felt less sense of control during the pandemic, and therefore chose health‐related options over economic‐related options. In addition, the association between pathogen disgust sensitivity and health outcome preference only existed in people with relatively faster life history strategies. Further, people's health‐economic trade‐offs were not influenced by their current economic status. Findings have important implications for policymakers and the public to understand people's health‐economic choices during the pandemic.
Tri‐ing to decipher trisomyAML
Authors: Shimony Shai , Chen Evan C.
Published: January 2024

Lam et al. compared trisomy acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients (inclusive of single trisomy, double trisomy or tetrasomy cases) with cytogenetically normal AML to uncover distinguishing molecular and prognostic features of trisomy AML. The study contributes to our understanding of trisomy AML, but the heterogeneity of trisomy subtypes remains a barrier to its study.

Commentary on: Lam et al. Distinct karyotypic and mutational landscape in trisomy AML. Br J Haematol 2024;204:939‐944.
Examining the psychometric properties of the headspace Youth (mental health) Service Satisfaction Scale in a mental health service in Ireland
Authors: Doyle Elizabeth , Carey Eleanor , Rossouw Johannes , Booth Ailbhe , Rickwood Debra , O'Reilly Aileen
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Evaluating service quality and satisfaction is central to the provision of accessible and developmentally appropriate youth mental health services. However, there are limited suitable measures and a lack of published evidence on the psychometric properties of measures to assess young people's satisfaction with youth mental health services. The headspace Youth (Mental Health) Service Satisfaction Scale (YSSS) was designed and implemented to assess young people's satisfaction with headspace mental health services in Australia. This study examined the reliability and factor structure of the YSSS in a youth mental health service in Ireland.

Methods

The sample comprised 1449 young people (66.2% female) aged 12–25 years (M = 16.48, SD = 2.97). Participants completed the YSSS after their final brief intervention session through Jigsaw—The National Centre for Youth Mental Health. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on one‐ and four‐factor models to test findings from previous studies. Reliability was also examined.

Results

CFA supported a single‐factor structure of the YSSS, and all items were suitable for inclusion. The internal consistency of the measure was deemed acceptable (α = 0.89).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the YSSS is a reliable measure for monitoring satisfaction with youth mental health services in an Irish context. The measure demonstrated a unidimensional construct of satisfaction. These findings support the broader application of the YSSS and add to existing knowledge on measuring satisfaction within youth mental health services.
An in vitro analysis of the accuracy of static and robot‐assisted implant surgery
Authors: Mozer Paul S. , Guentsch Arndt
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Robot‐assisted implant surgery (RAIS) is purported to improve the accuracy of implant placement. The objective of this study was to compare RAIS with static computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) in a controlled environment.

Materials and Methods

A total of n = 102 implants were placed in the same modified typodont (n = 17 repeated simulated implant surgeries with each n = 3 implants per group) using robot‐assisted or static computer‐assisted implant surgery. The final implant positions were digitized utilizing cone‐beam tomography and compared with the planned position. The angular deviation was the primary outcome parameter. 3D deviations at the implant platform level and the apex were secondary outcome parameters. Accuracy in terms of trueness and precision were assessed. Means, standard deviation, and 95%‐confidence intervals were analyzed statistically.

Results

The overall angular deviation was 2.66 ± 1.83° for the robotic system and 0.68 ± 0.38° for guided surgery using static guides (p < .001), the 3D‐deviation of the implant platform at crest level was for sCAIS 0.79 ± 0.28 mm and RAIS 1.51 ± 0.53 mm (p < .001) and at the apex for sCAIS 0.82 ± 0.26 mm and for RAIS 1.97 ± 0.79 mm (p < .001), respectively.

Conclusions

Robotically guided implant surgery was less accurate in terms of trueness (planned vs. actual position) and precision (deviations among implants) than traditional static computer‐assisted implant surgery in this in vitro study.
Of Ghosts and orphans: Traces of local architects in the new city of Jerusalem in the early modern era and the challenges of architectural historiography on the fringe of the Empire
Authors: Bamberger Chen Adi
Published: January 2024

This study, inspired by postcolonial and post‐structural theories, attempts to highlight the difficulty of conducting architectural research in early modern Jerusalem, a setting in which there are gaps in the historical record. One particular gap—the practice of local architects—is portrayed through two characterizations:Orphans—existing buildings that are historiographically detached from their genealogy—andGhosts—individuals assumed to have practiced architecture, yet their existence appears only in traces. The study wishes to explore why local architects disappeared from the historiography of early modern Jerusalem. The methodologies include a narration of the fragments that were found during a literature review, archival research, site visits, interviews, and correspondence with scholars and archivists. The study suggests that local architects were overlooked because of orientalist perceptions, disappearance of evidence, and inaccessibility or illegibility of documents. Therefore, it recommends institutional collaborations and methods, which will acknowledge the historian's subjectivity in future research.
The Garden City: Infrastructure, spatial politics and resistance behind the nation‐building mode of “tropicality” in Singapore
Authors: Kai Lin Annabelle Tan
Published: January 2024

“Tropicality” has historically been used as an epistemological tool by colonial settlers and thereafter local rulers to naturalize and espouse Western rationality and modernity. Singapore is no exception to this lingering Western framing, which continues to define state narratives of success and heritage. “Tropicality” as a hegemonic force manifests in infrastructures of large physical networks, institutionalized knowledges, and media representations. This paper dissects three chronological dominant modes of “tropicality”—the colonial, the nation‐building, and the contemporary neoliberal mode—alongside their corresponding subaltern lived worlds that speak of an alternative “tropicality” often unnoticed (Figure 1). These diametric strands are studied through hegemonic infrastructure and everyday acts that resist, appropriate, or hybridize these power‐laden spaces. A heterogenous methodology was adopted, capturing the epistemologies and metis employed in dominant and alternative tropicalities, respectively. Maps, charts, and archives are used to study the former; ethnographic observation, family memory, and affective experiences elucidate the latter. In this paper, I focus on the nation‐building mode of “tropicality”, which shaped Singapore's rapid urbanization in the 1960s. Modernist public housing schemes borrowed from the Tropical Architecture movement are situated within a larger infrastructural field that de‐skilled, cleansed, and civilized an “unruly” population, conflating natural and social order. However, these attempts at creating modern subjects were thwarted by everyday resistance performed at a critical mass, in which displaced populations tapped upon past metis, habitus, and ecological aesthetics to appropriate alienating modern infrastructure. Through these ad hoc infrastructural reconfigurations, a hybrid modern “tropicality” was negotiated. It is through deprivileging infrastructures of “tropicality” and drawing out alternative “infra‐structures” of multiple, lived tropical worlds that we may move toward post‐tropicality—a mentality built on an expanded understanding of how our modern environment is and has been shaped equally by dominant, neocolonial forces and also forsaken memories, practices, and everyday acts of resistance, which hold the key to alternative futures beyond the limited scope delineated by our inherited “tropical modernity”.
Comparative effectiveness of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors versus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild/moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rhee Jinnie J. , Han Jialin , Montez‐Rath Maria E. , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: January 2024

Aim

To determine the comparative effectiveness regarding major cardiovascular events of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Materials and Methods

We assembled a cohort of commercially insured adult patients with T2DM in the United States (derived from Optum Clinformatics DataMart 2003‐2021) who were new users of GLP‐1 receptor agonists or SGLT‐2 inhibitors. We compared risks of non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with and without CKD, and further categorized by CKD stage: stages G1 or G2 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min] and A2 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30 to <300 mg/g) or A3 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g), stage G3a (eGFR 45 to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and stage G3b (eGFR 30 to <45 ml/min/1.73 m2). We used proportional hazards regression after inverse probability of treatment weighting to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

After accounting for the probability of treatment, patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors experienced a 14% lower risk of non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.78‐0.94) relative to those treated with GLP‐1 receptor agonists.

Conclusions

Recognizing the potential for residual confounding, selection bias and immortal time bias, commercially insured patients in the United States with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors experienced significantly lower risks of non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke relative to those treated with GLP‐1 receptor agonists.
Theorizing to Cases: A Methodological Approach to Qualitative Normative Cases
Authors: Gatti Lauren , McAvoy Paula
Published: January 2024

In this article, Lauren Gatti and Paula McAvoy explain the interdisciplinary methods that they used for developing a theory of professional judgment for teachers that they call the Ethical Long View. In developing the theory, they engaged in empirical inquiry through the solicitation of dilemmas from practicing teachers using an online survey (N = 127) and follow‐up interviews with a subset of survey participants (N = 11). The interviews were developed into qualitative normative cases, which are richly described vignettes of a teacher's dilemma and thinking. In between analyzing the survey data and developing the cases was a philosophically oriented recursive process that was both iterative and interdisciplinary. The qualitative work helped the authors develop the conceptual framework for the Ethical Long View and, at the same time, positioned participants as co‐constructors of the ethical theory. This research draws on the tools of both applied philosophy and social science, but it belongs exclusively to neither.
Augmenting glutamatergic, but not dopaminergic, activity in the nucleus accumbens shell disrupts responding to a discrete alcohol cue in an alcohol context
Authors: Valyear Milan D. , Brown Alexa , Deyab Ghislaine , Villaruel Franz R. , Lahlou Soraya , Caporicci‐Dinucci Nina , Chaudhri Nadia
Published: January 2024

Discrete alcohol cues and contexts are relapse triggers for people with alcohol use disorder exerting particularly powerful control over behaviour when they co‐occur. Here, we investigated the neural substrates subserving the capacity for alcohol‐associated contexts to elevate responding to an alcohol‐predictive conditioned stimulus (CS). Specifically, rats were trained in a distinct ‘alcohol context’ to respond by entering a fluid port during a discrete auditory CS that predicted the delivery of alcohol and were familiarized with a ‘neutral context’ wherein alcohol was never available. When conditioned CS responding was tested by presenting the CS without alcohol, we found that augmenting glutamatergic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell by microinfusing α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) reduced responding to an alcohol CS in an alcohol, but not neutral, context. Further, AMPA microinfusion robustly affected behaviour, attenuating the number, duration and latency of CS responses selectively in the alcohol context. Although dopaminergic inputs to the NAc shell were previously shown to be necessary for CS responding in an alcohol context, here, chemogenetic excitation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and their inputs to the NAc shell did not affect CS responding. Critically, chemogenetic excitation of VTA dopamine neurons affected feeding behaviour and elevated c‐fos immunoreactivity in the VTA and NAc shell, validating the chemogenetic approach. These findings enrich our understanding of the substrates underlying Pavlovian responding for alcohol and reveal that the capacity for contexts to modulate responding to discrete alcohol cues is delicately underpinned by the NAc shell.
A dual‐omics approach on the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) on ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in response to alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Hose Leonie , Langenhagen Alina Katharina , Kefalakes Ekaterini , Schweitzer Theresa , Kubinski Sabrina , Barak Segev , Pich Andreas , Grothe Claudia
Published: January 2024

Harmful alcohol consumption is a major socioeconomic burden to the health system, as it can be the cause of mortality of heavy alcohol drinkers. The dopaminergic (DAergic) system is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol drinking behaviour; however, its exact role remains elusive. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2), a neurotrophic factor, associated with both the DAergic system and alcohol consumption, may play an important role in DAergic neuroadaptations during alcohol abuse. Within this study, we aimed to clarify the role of endogenous FGF‐2 on the DAergic system and whether there is a possible link to alcohol consumption. We found that lack of FGF‐2 reduces the alcohol intake of mice. Transcriptome analysis of DAergic neurons revealed that FGF‐2 knockout (FGF‐2 KO) shifts the molecular fingerprint of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons to DA subtypes of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In line with this, proteomic changes predominantly appear also in the VTA. Interestingly, these changes led to an altered regulation of the FGF‐2 signalling cascades and DAergic pathways in a region‐specific manner, which was only marginally affected by voluntary alcohol consumption. Thus, lack of FGF‐2 not only affects the gene expression but also the proteome of specific brain regions of mDA neurons. Our study provides new insights into the neuroadaptations of the DAergic system during alcohol abuse and, therefore, comprises novel targets for future pharmacological interventions.