bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Irmayanti
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the history of the entry of Islam in Kalimantan and Islamic educational institutions in West Kalimantan before and after independence. This research method uses a literature review. The primary data source is the history book of Islam in Kalimantan. Secondary data sources use references to journals, books, and magazines relevant to this research study. The results of this study indicate that the entry of Islam into West Kalimantan is not known for certain, there are still many differences of opinion from various groups, including that Islam first entered West Kalimantan in the 15th century, and there is also an opinion that Islam entered West Kalimantan in the 15th century. 16. The first areas in West Kalimantan that were previously thought to have received a touch of Islam were Pontianak, Matan, and Mempawah. Another center for the spread of Islam in West Kalimantan is near Muara Sambas. It is estimated that Islam entered this area in the sixteenth century brought by people from Johor, following later the kingdom of Johor conquered the Sambas area. Islamic education in Kalimantan was pioneered by Madrasatun Najah wal Falah, founded in 1918 AD, and this became the inspiration for establishing other Ibtidaiyah and Tsanawiyah madrasas. Among them are: Islamic College Madrasah (Assulthaniah) in Sambas, Al-Raudlatul Islamiyyah in Pontianak, Junior Islamic High School (SMIP) in Banjarmasin, Amuntai Islamic Normal Madrasa, and many other madrasas, such as Imad Darussalam in Martapura, Middle School Islam in Kandangan, Al-Ashriah in Banjarmasin and others. The Islamic educational institutions in West Kalimantan before independence consisted of Madrasahtun Najah Walfalah, Madrasah As-Sultaniyah Sambas and Pontianak Islamic College. After independence consisted of the 50s Era (Madarsah Diniyah Ismail Mundu, Waqf Board al-Madrasah al-Arabiyah Islamiyah (BAWAMAI) Pontianak, Pontianak Muhammadiyah SLPT Educational Institutions), the 70s Era (Ponpes: Development of Ushuluddin Singkawang, Darul Ulum Pontianak, Baisuni Imran Sambas), the 80s (Mujahidin College, Salafi As-Salam Islamic Boarding School, Al-Falah Islamic Center Foundation, Islamic Education Institution MTs Al-Ma'arif NU Pontianak, and Baitul Atik Ketapang Islamic Boarding School), 90s Era (Ponpes ; Al-Jihad Hulu Gurung (Kapuas Hulu), Darussalam Sekubang (Mempawah), Al-Ma'arif NU Sintang, Khulafaurrasyidin (Pontianak), and Matala'u Anwar (Pontianak).
MAKHLUK GHOIB DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Eqviesta Runtun Pamungkas Eqviesta Runtun Pamungkas
Published: July 2023

Artikel ini membahas tentang mahluk ghoib dalam prespektif Pendidikan Islam. Islam adalah agama yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah SAW untuk umat di muka bumi agar hidup bahagia di dunia dan akhirat. Di dalam Islam terhadap ilmu tauhid yang menjelaskan bahwa menganggap sesuatu itu esa atau tunggal. Di dalam Islam Allah adalah satu-satunya tuhan semesta alam. Semua makhluk ciptaan Allah dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua jenis, yakni makhluk halus (yang tak kasatmata) dan juga makhluk nyata (yang nampak terlihat oleh panca indra). Pemisla dua mahluk ini yaitu dapat di deteksi oleh pancaindera dan tidak dapat dideteksi pancaindera. Untuk mahluk hidup yang bisa dideteksi oleh pancaindera disebut as-syahadah. Sedangkan yang tidak bisa dideteksi disebut al-ghaib. Kita akan membahas mahluk hidup al-ghaib yang bersifat mutlak yaitu Malaikat. Mahluk ini tidak bisa dijangkau oleh manusia dalam keadaan utuh. Malaikat bisa dilihat manusia jika dalam bentuk wujud lain. Di dalam Al – quran mahluk ghaib dari bangsa Malaikat dan Jin sudah ada jauh sebelum manusia diciptakan. Keberadaan makhluk ghoib memang benar adanya. Terutama sebagai umat Islam wajib percaya dengan adanya mahluk ghaib ciptaan Allah
The Article PERAN DAN FUNGSI KURIKULUM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Mubarok Ramdanil
Published: July 2023

This paper was written to want to know what the role and function of the curriculum in multicultural Islamic education will look like. From this paper, it is hoped that it will be able to become a basis for the author to carry out further writing activities. In this paper, the authors formulate: how the role of the curriculum, how the curriculum functions, and how the curriculum is in multicultural Islamic religious education learning. The result is that the role of the curriculum includes: the role of conservative, critical and evaluative, and creative. While the functions of the curriculum include: the function of achieving educational goals, the function of the curriculum for school leaders, the function for education levels, the function for teachers, the function for supervisors, the function for the community, the function for parents, the function for graduate users, the educational function for students. If you pay attention to the function of the curriculum as a process, what needs to be considered is related to the multicultural Islamic religious education curriculum, namely; (1) Status of students (2) Learning styles and student culture, (3) Cultural environment and student personality (4) Student culture and learning resources. In a multicultural context, the function of the curriculum must be related to tolerance, cultural, ethnic, and religious differences.
Sikap Optimisme Dalam Perspektif Buya Hamka (Kajian Kitab Tafsir Al-Azhar)
Authors: Putri Nur Adhima  , Lailatul Rif’ah
Published: July 2023

Harapan meraih kesuksesan dunia dan akhirat adalah dambaan setiap orang. Banyak orang ingin meraih kesuksesan dalam waktu singkat padahal sebenarnya tidak ada kesuksesan yang diraih secara instan tanpa perjuangan. Tidak sedikit manusia yang mengalami kelumpuhan total saat dilanda kegagalan, karena kemampuan mengendalikan perilaku bergantung pada kemantapan dan kemampuan manusia untuk melihat dan mengambil keputusan dengan jelas. Optimisme adalah salah satu roda penggerak kehidupan. Optimisme memiliki pengaruh besar pada kehidupan manusia. Jadi Al-Qur'an berperan sebagai hudan linnãs (petunjuk hidup manusia). Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan. Menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada model penelitian tematik karakter, yaitu model penelitian yang difokuskan pada interpretasi seseorang terhadap suatu masalah. Terutama dalam pemikiran Buya Hamka, untuk menggali konsep optimis dalam al-Qur'an sebagai pedoman hidup manusia agar jauh dari keputusasaan, dan mengkontekstualisasikannya pada kehidupan era modern. Dalam Al-Qur'an optimisme tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit, namun dalam Al-Qur'an terdapat ayat-ayat yang mewakili makna optimisme yaitu Asy-Syuara' [19]:62, Al-Isra' [17]:57, Yusuf [ 12]:87, Az-Zumar [39]:53, An-Nahl [16]:127, Al-Anbiya' [21]: 90, Ali Imran [3]:139. Ayat-ayat ini mengandung banyak iman. Tafsir Buya Hamka terhadap ayat optimisme adalah bahwa Allah melarang hambanya untuk berputus asa dari luasnya rahmat-Nya, dan kebiasaan putus asa hanya dimiliki oleh orang-orang kafir, Allah melarang untuk menjadi lemah, dan sedih dalam menghadapi cobaan, yakin bahwa Allah akan membantu hamba-Nya dan menunjukkan jalan keselamatan, Allah memerintahkan kesabaran karena kesabaran bukanlah kelemahan melainkan kekuatan dalam pengendalian diri, selalu berharap kepada Allah atas rahmat dan ampunan-Nya, dan merasa takut (khauf) kepada-Nya, sehingga dengan itu dapat menambah kedekatan (taqarrub) kepada Allah. Optimisme merupakan kunci dalam meraih kesuksesan yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu memiliki sifat qana'ah dalam menyikapi karunia Allah yang diberikan, memiliki sikap keberanian, dan mental yang kuat dalam meraih kesuksesan, berjuang dengan sungguh-sungguh, husnuẒan terhadap segala sesuatu yang menjadi takdir Allah, bertawakal setelah berusaha dengan maksimal, dan konsisten atau istiqamah, sehingga tetap teguh dan tidak goyah terhadap apa yang diyakini. Optimisme dibangun atas dasar keyakinan kepada Tuhan untuk mencapai kesuksesan
Changes in attentional breadth scale with the demands of Kanizsa-figure object completion–evidence from pupillometry
Authors: Nowack Leonie , Müller Hermann J. , Conci Markus
Published: July 2023

The present study investigated whether the integration of separate parts into a whole-object representation varies with the amount of available attentional resources. To this end, two experiments were performed, which required observers to maintain central fixation while searching in peripheral vision for a target among various distractor configurations. The target could either be a “grouped” whole-object Kanizsa figure, or an “ungrouped” configuration of identical figural parts, but which do not support object completion processes to the same extent. In the experiments, accuracies and changes in pupil size were assessed, with the latter reflecting a marker of the covert allocation of attention in the periphery. Experiment 1 revealed a performance benefit for grouped (relative to ungrouped) targets, which increased with decreasing distance from fixation. By contrast, search for ungrouped targets was comparably poor in accuracy without revealing any eccentricity-dependent variation. Moreover, measures of pupillary dilation mirrored this eccentricity-dependent advantage in localizing grouped targets. Next, in Experiment 2, an additional attention-demanding foveal task was introduced in order to further reduce the availability of attentional resources for the peripheral detection task. This additional task hampered performance overall, alongside with corresponding pupil size changes. However, there was still a substantial benefit for grouped over ungrouped targets in both the behavioral and the pupillometric data. This shows that perceptual grouping scales with the allocation of attention even when only residual attentional resources are available to trigger the representation of a complete (target) object, thus illustrating that object completion operates in the “near absence” of attention.
Estrategias Didácticas Digitales Como Herramienta de Autoaprendizaje en Docentes de Educación Básica Superior.
Authors: Chonata Guilla Irma Narciza
Published: July 2023

La importancia adquirida por el personal docente de la Unidad Educativa Domingo Faustino Sarmiento ciudad de Pelileo- Ecuador, en relación a la utilización de estrategias digitales para el autoaprendizaje en diferentes áreas del ejercicio docente, tuvo como objetivo general determinar las principales estrategias digitales que generan autoaprendizaje en los docentes de Educación Básica. El enfoque de la investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, al presentarse los datos en tablas de distribución de frecuencias y analizados mediante la estadística descriptiva. El nivel de profundidad del estudio fue descriptivo. Se empleó la encuesta tipo mixta con una pregunta abierta y tres cerradas con escalamiento de Likert, así mismo, el instrumento tuvo una valoración de expertos bajo criterios de claridad, pertinencia y coherencia en relación al objeto de estudio para obtener los datos de la muestra no probabilística intencionada de 18 maestros del nivel de Educación Básica Superior. Los datos evidenciaron la frecuencia y los valores porcentuales, fueron analizados al describirse los resultados, cotejados con los elementos teóricos que los sustentan y la aportación de los investigadores, generando una triangulación de elementos que permitió generar las conclusiones que señalan que las herramientas digitales facilitan su autoaprendizaje, lo que indica su disposición a actualizar sus habilidades tecnológicas de manera permanente, siendo las herramientas más usadas en el autoaprendizaje los mapas conceptuales, infografías, preguntas intercaladas, analogías, redes semánticas, haciendo uso de sus diferentes aplicaciones digitales ofrecidas en la internet.
Libro de Autoría “Aportes de Estudios Centrados en el Medio Ambiente y la Ecología” Vol. 1 Núm. 4
Authors: Ortega Rolando
Published: July 2023

Libro de Autoría “Aportes de Estudios Centrados en el Medio Ambiente y la Ecología” Vol. 1 Núm. 4
Four new species of aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Hungarian fauna
Authors: Zanfelici Luiz Fernando Gonçalves , Murányi Dávid
Published: July 2023

Three native and an alien species of aphids are reported from Hungary for the first time. Aphis (Aphis) parietariae Theobald, 1923 was collected from Parietaria officinalis L., Amphorophora (Amphorophora) ampullata Buckton, 1876 from Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, while Staticobium gmelini Bozhko, 1950 from Limonium gmelini subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó. The alien Impatientinum (Impatientinum) balsamines (Kaltenbach, 1862) was collected from the invasive weed Impatiens parviflora DC. Distinctive morphological and biological characteristics of already known Hungarian specimens of Impatientinum (Impatientinum) asiaticum Nevsky, 1929 and Staticobium latifoliae (Bozhko, 1950) are given in the text. These are the first Hungarian aphid records from male fern and from pellitory-of-the-wall.
REVIEW JURNAL : PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI KONSEP DUNIA TUMBUHAN (PLANTAE) YANG DIAJAR DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING DAN MODEL PROBLEM POSING BERBASIS DARING
Authors: Rifa Musyaropah Rifa Musyaropah
Published: July 2023

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LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION IN GIRNAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY- JUNAGADH
Authors: Raval Dr. Vibhuti B. , Radadia Dr. Bhupat B.
Published: July 2023

As the time plays an important role in leading the life processes and its surroundings, this research work presented about the Land use/Land cover changes in Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary of Junagadh, situated in the Gujarat State of India between the year 1996, 2008 and 2017. Remote sensing and GIS have been used to describe different features of the study area. A supervised signature extraction with the maximum likelihood algorithm was employed to classify the digital data of IRS 1D georeference and merged LISS III for land use/land cover mapping for the year 1996, 2008, and 2017.
This work carried out to get understanding of land-cover changes in last twenty years in the Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary areas. As change detection analysis is a major part of this study, it shows that some areas are increasing more than other classes mainly the forest area had been increased followed by barren land while other areas like scrub land decreases subsequently. This habitat change lead to fluctuation in the dispersion of lions in the area with the course of changing resource availability.
Türkiye’de Göç ve Siyasi Boyutları
Authors: TURAN Abdullah
Published: July 2023

Göç konusu yüzyıllardır dünyada insan hayatı üzerinde belirleyici konumdadır. 20.yüzyılın başlarında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulması ile Osmanlı’dan kopan topraklardan Anadolu’ya büyük göçler yaşanmıştır. Süreç içerisinde çeşitli sebeplerle iç ve dış göç sorunu devam ederken bir de 21.yüzyılın başlarındaki Suriyeli göçü ile mevcut sorunlar taçlanmıştır. Göçlerin sebepleri olarak çok çeşitli gerekçeler/motivasyonlar gösterilse de esasında “savaşa, ekonomiye, sosyal ve kültürel yaşantıya, psikolojik koşullara ve hukuksal duruma” yön vererek birçok şeye tesir edilebilmesi açısından “siyasi kararlar (politikalar)” göçte daha belirleyici bir pozisyondadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da bu gerçeği ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bir sorunun doğru tespit edilememesi ya da yanlış araçlarla çözülmeye çalışılması tüm gayretleri boşa çıkaracaktır. Bu sebeple göçlerin ardındaki etkinin ve etkileyicilerin doğru tespit edilmesi ülkelerin bugünü ve geleceği için büyük katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma göç konusunda gerçek sorunun tespitine yönelmesi ile önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu yaklaşımla yapılan kaynak taraması ile ulaşılan veriler ışığında öncelikle “göç, göçün türleri, mülteci, göçmen, sığınmacı gibi” göçle ilişkili kavramların açıklaması yapıldıktan sonra “göçte sosyal, kültürel, psikoloji ve hukuksal” nedenlerin ardındaki esas belirleyici olan siyasi etkiyi açıklamaya dönük bir yaklaşım ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece “siyasi kararların göç üzerindeki ve göçün görünürdeki gerekçeleri üzerindeki etkileri” incelemeye alınmıştır. Bu yapılırken Türkiye’de yaşanan göçlere ilişkin örnekler de sunularak siyasi etkinin açıklanması daha da güçlendirilmiş ve siyasi etki daha somut hale getirilmiştir.
Public Theology and Democratic Consolidation in Ghana: Challenges and Responses
Authors: Opuni-Frimpong Kwabena
Published: July 2023

This study is a review of the challenges of democratic consolidation in Ghana and how Public Theology provides theological insights for the church in its responses to the democratic consolidation challenges. Democratic consolidation in Ghana has been considered relatively successful. However, it has been noted that democratic consolidation in Ghana is being undermined by challenges like dictatorship of the majority, the culture of silence, disregard of democratic institutions, and neglect of bread and butter issues among others. The church has played a significant role in democratic consolidation in Ghana through advocacy, civic education, election observation, social services, and interfaith dialogue. By promoting democratic values and good governance, the church has contributed to the growth and stability of Ghana’s democracy. According to this study, the challenges that threatened democratic consolidation in Ghana persist. It is important for the church therefore to continue to build on its successes and address these challenges in order to further contribute to the strengthening of the nation’s democratic culture. The study used a qualitative approach to gather data. The study concluded with the recommendation that theological insights from Public Theology like human value, dignity, the sovereignty of God, fallibility of human nature, and democracy as a way of life must be concentrated on in the church’s search for responses to the challenges of democratic consolidation and culture in Ghana.

Keywords: African Christianity, Public Theology, Democratic Consolidation, Ghana
INVESTIGATION OF THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING PLANNED AND ALTITUDE COORDINATES BASED ON SURVEY DATA BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Yanchuk Oleksandr , Trokhymets Serhii , Yanchuk Ruslan , Bukhalska Tetiana
Published: July 2023

Experimental studies of the accuracy of determining the plan and altitude coordinates were obtained from aerial photography materials and measured by a satellite receiver in real time. The study was conducted for aerial photography materials obtained from heights of 100 and 200 meters. In addition, the accuracy researched of using a different number of ground control points for georeferencing images – 18 and 5. Accuracy assessment was performed separately for the plain area and the area with rugged terrain.
AUTOMATION OF NORMATIVE MONEY VALUE OF LANDS OF SETTLEMENTS WITH THE USE OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Shulgan Roman , Yanchuk Oleksandr , Panchuk Yuriy , Serilko Dmytro
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the constituent elements of geoinformation support for the normative monetary valuation of the lands of settlements has been considered. A set of geospatial data necessary for land value of settlements at each of its stages has been formed. A method of economic and planning zoning based on the theory of fuzzy sets is proposed, namely the method of arranging objects according to a set of features, which allows applying real values of evaluation indicators and calculating their integral values. The algorithm of automated zoning with the use of GIS tools has been considered. Based on the proposed set of geospatial data, an ArcGIS tool was created using the Model Builder application, which allows you to determine the normative money value of a separate land plot and generate a report.
An Isotope-labeling Study of CO2Formation Pathways in Molecular Clouds: Ultraviolet Photolysis of CO–H2O Ice
Authors: Hirayama Akemi , Arakawa Ichiro , Yamakawa Koichiro
Published: July 2023

With the use of reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the binary ice of CO and H2O at 10 K under ultraviolet irradiation as an analog of the interstellar ice mantle. We employed H218O instead of H216O to distinguish the formation pathways of CO2, and prepared mixed-ice samples under CO- and H2O-rich conditions as well as bilayered ice, where CO was condensed on H2O ice. After the ultraviolet irradiation onto any sample, we detected infrared absorption bands of C16O2and C18O16O, which were generated through the CO–CO and CO–H2O reactions, respectively. The additional detection of C18O2clearly indicated that the photodissociation and regeneration of CO2also took place in ice. We analyzed the irradiation-time dependence of the C16O2and C18O16O column densities in CO-rich ice to determine the effective cross sections of the CO2formation through the CO–CO (σC16O2) and CO–H2O (σC18O16O) reactions simultaneously:σC16O2= 3 × 10−21cm2andσC18O16O= 5 × 10−18cm2. Despite the rather small value ofσC16O2compared toσC18O16O, the former reaction was found to be nonnegligible in terms of the CO2yield, even at the H2O-rich condition.
An Ultradeep Multiband Very Large Array Survey of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): New Constraints on the Optically Dark Population
Authors: van der Vlugt D. , Hodge J. A. , Jin S. , Algera H. S. B. , Leslie S. K. , Riechers D. A. , Röttgering H. , Smolčić V. , Walter F.
Published: July 2023

Attempts to trace star formation with rest-frame UV/optical observations at redshifts z > 2 are affected by the presence of potentially substantial, yet uncertain, dust attenuation. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a population of galaxies that are virtually invisible in the observed optical/near-infrared (NIR) due to dust obscuration, but which could contribute substantially to the star formation history at 2 < z < 6. Here, we make use of ultradeep 3 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations from the COSMOS-XS survey to investigate the contribution 20of radio-selected “optically dark” galaxies (undetected to a depth of K

S
∼ 25.9 mag) to the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD). We identify 19 such “optically dark” sources and utilize recent deblended far-infrared photometry to determine photometric redshifts based on IR and radio information for 11 of them. Through stacking, we infer that the remaining eight sources reside predominantly at high redshift (z > 4). Therefore, we conservatively assume these sources lie between z = 2 and z = 5. We derive the radio luminosity function (LF) for the sample with and without “optically dark” sources by fixing the faint and bright end shape of the radio LF to the local values and allowing for luminosity evolution. By integrating both LFs, we estimate the contribution of the “optically dark” galaxies to the radio SFRD to be

∼

15

−
7

+
7

%

at z ∼ 5. This is consistent with constraints from NIR-dark and UV-dark sources, while being in disagreement with some estimates using H-dropouts. This result implies that “optically dark” sources play a nonnegligible role at high redshift.
Selection of substrate type, substrate color, and vegetation by tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Renato , Méndez-Méndez Olga , Hernández-Luría Jazmín , Smith Geoffrey R. , Lemos-Espinal Julio A.
Published: July 2023

The characteristics of microhabitats in streams can drive the distribution of tadpoles. We experimentally examined microhabitat selection of tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus. We used a series of choice experiments to test if tadpoles had preferences for particular substrate types, substrate colors, and vegetation. Tadpoles of D. plicatus had a strong preference for mud substrates over sand, gravel, and rock substrates and preferred darker substrates over lighter substrates. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles used the non-vegetated side of an aquarium more than the vegetated side. Our experimental results matched previous field observations in the case of the preference for mud substrates but differed from the field observations for substrate color and vegetation, suggesting that basic underlying preferences may be modified by various factors in nature or by learning or conditioning.
Designing a Metascience Institute
Authors: Mietchen Daniel
Published: July 2023

This proposal outlines an open, transparent and collaborative process to design a Metascience Institute that would apply the scientific method onto itself, with the mission to improve the research landscape systemically in terms of maximizing societal benefit and public documentation thereof. This facility is envisaged to engage in the systematic study of the research ecosystem, initially at a national level in Germany but later on also in other contexts. As such, the Metascience Institute would assess systemic properties, interactions of different components within and beyond the research system and how the roles played by various components are aligned with goals of relevant stakeholder groups and broader societal benefits. Collaborating with any interested stakeholders on an initially narrow yet steadily expanding range of intra- and transdisciplinary use cases and using an appropriate mix of experimental, theoretical, empirical and computational approaches, the Metascience Institute would assess existing and proposed policies and practices in the research ecosystem and engage in public discourse around them, including by assessing the relative costs, benefits and side effects of alternative parametrizations of the system. The project proposed here is to design the organizational structure of such a Metascience Institute in an evidence-based and community-led fashion, to seed it with organizational values, to establish it as an independent legal entity with open and transparent policies and practices, to provide it with an initial technical infrastructure online, to design evidence-based and sustainable mechanisms by which it prioritizes its activities, and to document the entire process in a way that would facilitate reuse and adaptation by other communities or entities aiming at evidence-based systemic improvements to the research ecosystem or selected niches within it.
A new species of slender flatworm in the genus Eucestoplana and a record of E. cf. cuneata (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan, with an inference of their phylogenetic positions within Cestoplanidae
Authors: Tsuyuki Aoi , Oya Yuki , Kajihara Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

In this study, we describe a new species of elongated marine flatworm, Eucestoplana ittanmomensp. nov., collected from the intertidal zone of the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Eucestoplana ittanmomensp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners based on the following characteristics: i) its translucent body lacking coloration, ii) its dome-shaped penis sheath, iii) the absence of cilia on the inner wall of the male atrium except outside the penis sheath, and iv) the presence of an adhesive organ at the posterior end of the body. Additionally, we report the occurrence of E. cf. cuneata (Sopott-Ehlers & Schmidt, 1975) in Japan; E. cuneata has previously been documented in the Galapagos and Fiji Islands. We conducted phylogenetic analyses to infer the positions of the two Eucestoplana species within Cestoplanidae using a concatenated dataset comprising partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences from E. cf. cuneata and E. ittanmomensp. nov. from Japan, as well as four known Cestoplana species with sequences available in public databases. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that Cestoplana and Eucestoplana were reciprocally monophyletic. Furthermore, the genetic distance of the 16S rDNA sequences supported the genetic independence of the two sister species, E. cf. cuneata and E. ittanmomensp. nov.
Unreliable networks with random parameter matrices and time-correlated noises: distributed estimation under deception attacks
Authors: Caballero-Águila Raquel , García-Ligero María J. , Hermoso-Carazo Aurora , Linares-Pérez Josefa
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the distributed filtering and fixed-point smoothing problems for networked systems, considering random parameter matrices, time-correlated additive noises and random deception attacks. The proposed distributed estimation algorithms consist of two stages: the first stage creates intermediate estimators based on local and adjacent node measurements, while the second stage combines the intermediate estimators from neighboring sensors using least-squares matrix-weighted linear combinations. The major contributions and challenges lie in simultaneously considering various network-induced phenomena and providing a unified framework for systems with incomplete information. The algorithms are designed without specific structure assumptions and use a covariance-based estimation technique, which does not require knowledge of the evolution model of the signal being estimated. A numerical experiment demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, highlighting the impact of observation uncertainties and deception attacks on estimation accuracy.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migration Within the Countries of the European Union
Authors: Jurčević Katica , Perić Kaselj Marina , Jurčević Borna
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 virus was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan (China), and as early as January 2020, the World Health Organization expressed its concern and shortly afterwards officially declared a pandemic globally. This pandemic has brought the world economy, way of life, culture and migration to a state we have never encountered before. All countries within the European Union have at one time greatly restricted or banned entry and exit from their borders. Population movements and migration, like the economy, are most affected by this pandemic. Before the pandemic, the countries of the European Union had cultivated freedom of movement within their member states, but they were suddenly forced to impose severe restrictions and controls on their borders that prevented daily migrations of the population. The measures adopted varied from country to country, depending on the assessment of experts within them and on the number of those infected and the current epidemiological situation. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, migrations, European Union, Corona virus.
A Progressive Peer Review to Enhance Formative Learning
Authors: Nuninger Walter , Hoogstoel Frédéric , Lancieri Luigi
Published: July 2023

In the framework of lifelong learning, learning outcomes target a set of skills for work based on contextualized previous experiences. Specially designed activities performed during the training path will become formative thanks to guiding and feedback, but also formative assessment before summative evaluation. Higher education learning performance motivates this learner-centered pedagogical choice that requires a real commitment from the audience. By relying on our practices in an engineering school and satisfaction surveys, the chapter puts the focus on how peer review during activities supports personal development. The authors present a gradual assessment process as a part of the pedagogical scenario for groups enrolled in initial and vocational trainings. This should provide a key lever to develop skills not only for the work but also for learning autonomy, commitment, human and social qualities, thanks to the external feedback from their peers and supervised debriefings. This process supports the satisfaction of all with respect to a common objective embodied by accepted and shared assessments.
Linear Data Structures and Their Applications
Authors: Srivastava Kavita
Published: July 2023

In a linear data structure, the elements are arranged in a specific order. Each element on a linear data structure is connected to the elements that proceed it as well as the element that follows it. In other words, the elements are placed in sequential order. Hence, it is possible to traverse the elements in sequential order in a single pass. The objective of the chapter is to provide a basic understanding of linear data structures and their implementation in Python. The chapter is organized as follows. The chapter starts with an introduction to the linear data structure. The objective is to provide a basic understanding of linear data structures. A comparison of linear data structures and non-linear data structures is given next. Next, all of the above-mentioned data structures are explained in brief. The Python implementation of all of these data structures is provided. After that, their applications and their implementation in Python is discussed. The chapter concludes by highlighting the essential concepts.
Exploring Python's Powerful Data Collections
Authors: Shaik Mastan Vali , Selvaraju Rajasrkaran
Published: July 2023

One of the powerful data types for programmers that a Python supports is a list. A list is a mutable data structure that holds an ordered collection of items. Lists are useful to work with related data. A tuple is an immutable data type that stores values in a sequence. Slicing can be used to get a range of items. In Python, a set is variable that can store a variety of data, and different data types perform different operations. A set data type in Python is used to store multiple values in a single variable. In Python, dictionary is one of the built-in data types where elements are key: value pairs. In other programming languages, these are called associative memory or associative arrays. Dictionaries are faster in execution, provide easy lookups, and are implemented as hash tables. This chapter focuses on data collection in Python.
Interactive Visualization With Plotly Express
Authors: Sunitha Gurram , Sriharsha A. V. , Yalgashev Olimjon , Mamatov Islom
Published: July 2023

Data visualisation is the process of visualizing data for the purpose of analyzing and correlating data to confirm complicated ideas and to spot visual patterns after an investigation. Data visualization allows data scientists to quickly identify visual patterns and trends that may not be immediately apparent from raw data. Visualization also enables us to build models that are easier for stakeholders to understand and apply. Data visualization is an essential tool for exploratory data analysis (EDA). Plotly Express is a terse, high-level Python visualization library. It is a wrapper module for Plotly library that provides simple interface for visualizing data in the form of various plots, maps, graph objects, layouts, traces, figures, etc. Plotly Express is a user-friendly, high-level interface to Plotly that generates easily styleable, interactive, beautiful, and informative figures visualizing various types of data. Plotly Express provides interactive visualizations.
Enhancing Big Data Analytics and Recommendation Systems With Python
Authors: Thamilselvan P.
Published: July 2023

The advancement of technology has led to an exponential increase in the volume, velocity, and variety of data generated, necessitating the development of effective methods for analyzing and extracting valuable insights from large datasets. This research focuses on enhancing big data analytics and recommendation systems using Python, specifically employing hierarchical clustering and a filtering approach with the slicing technique. This study proposes a novel approach to leverage Python's capabilities in processing and analyzing big data. Hierarchical clustering algorithms organize and structure data into hierarchical groups, enabling efficient exploration and extraction of relevant information. Additionally, a filtering mechanism is integrated with the slicing technique, allowing for identifying and extracting specific subsets of data based on predefined criteria. Experiments are conducted using real-world datasets in the context of recommendation systems to evaluate the approach's effectiveness.
An Exploratory Study of Python's Role in the Advancement of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Ecosystems
Authors: Gupta Agrata , Arulkumar N.
Published: July 2023

Blockchain is the foundation of cryptocurrency and enables decentralized transactions through its immutable ledger. The technology uses hashing to ensure secure transactions and is becoming increasingly popular due to its wide range of applications. Python is a performant, secure, scalable language well-suited for blockchain applications. It provides developers free tools for faster code writing and simplifies crypto analysis. Python allows developers to code blockchains quickly and efficiently as it is a completely scripted language that does not require compilation. Different models such as SVR, ARIMA, and LSTM can be used to predict cryptocurrency prices, and many Python packages are available for seamlessly pulling cryptocurrency data. Python can also create one's cryptocurrency version, as seen with Facebook's proposed cryptocurrency, Libra. Finally, a versatile and speedy language is needed for blockchain applications that enable chain addition without parallel processing, so Python is a suitable choice.
A Practical Guide to Inductions for Improvement of Resilience in Large Cohorts
Authors: Henderson Emma , Houston Gemma C.
Published: July 2023

The department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Strathclyde has year one student intake in excess of 230. These numbers make it challenging to ensure that all students engage and develop social capital autonomously. The return to full on-campus teaching post COVID-19 provided an opportunity to reinvent the induction process to address this. Significant focus was placed on ensuring engaging, interactive sessions to support the building of relationships, consistency in delivery across all groups, and promoting self-help and resilience in students, considered of particular importance, given the large cohort size challenges constant 1-2-1 support. This chapter aims to present a practical guide to developing a similar induction experience for students, applicable to a number of discipline areas. Drivers and benefits will be presented alongside lessons learned to allow the wider field to gain from the work done at the University of Strathclyde.
Spreading Organised Hate Content
Authors: Arce-Garcia Sergio , Beltran Jarnishs
Published: July 2023

Hate and disinformation often go hand in hand, and there are organisations dedicated to spreading them and influencing public opinion. The aim of this chapter is therefore to expose the forms of hate-mongering and one of its means of penetration, disinformation, as well as the techniques used to spread it and the measures taken to counter it. It should be remembered that behind these hate-creation techniques, there are companies and even government systems that have perfected and have the means to achieve their goals. These techniques and forms are used internationally, but are particularly widespread in European and Mediterranean countries, especially around issues such as immigration. The aim is to polarise societies by exploiting fissures and divisive issues. This is a dangerous game in which they end up being capitalised on by extreme and ultra-ideological groups in an attempt to change the culture. Even democracy itself is at risk.
Approximation of Hate Detection Processes in Spanish and Other Non-Anglo-Saxon Languages
Authors: Cubillas Mercado Juan José , Vicente Óscar De Gregorio , Caballero C. Vladimir Rodríguez
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, the authors present how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can help to identify and reduce the new digital crimes according to hate messages. The appearance of the internet in our lives, at the end of the last century, has meant a great technological advance, providing easier access to a huge volume of information and communication between people. The rise of communication-oriented networks has been such that true digital environments have been created, the so-called social networks, with millions of users all over the planet. This has meant, to a large extent, the modification of our personal relationships, and, unfortunately, the appearance of new ways of sending hate messages. The work presented is aimed at a digital tool built for this purpose for the automatic detection of hate (and non-hate) messages, in Spanish and other non-Anglo-Saxon languages, with AI algorithms, using training data from the Spanish language.
The Interaction Between Offensive and Hate Speech on Twitter and Relevant Social Events in Spain
Authors: Gómez Jesús , Matilla-Molina Alberto , Amado Ma. Pilar , Antypas Dimosthenis , Camacho-Collados Jose , Máñez Carlos J. , Fernández-Villazala Tomás , Méndez-Sanchís Alicia , López Javier
Published: July 2023

Hate speech is one of the major concerns of Europe. Different studies, mainly in English language, have been carried out to analyze hate speech, many of them from a theoretical perspective. Here, it is presented an observational study about hate speech poured on Twitter in Spanish regarding to five social important events: Women´s Day, International LGTBQ+ Pride Day, Spain National Day, national elections, and regional elections. Three different experiments were carried out; two used deep learning algorithms to automatically classify tweets, meanwhile, the latest tweets were classified by a human. Results showed that these events significantly triggered hate speech, yet results differed between experiments, and also depending on the nature of the events. A better understanding of the mechanisms of hate speech propagation can help improve policies in Spain or in countries with similar characteristics, and thus help law enforcement and other institutions to address the scourge of hate crimes.
The Semiotics of Xenophobia and Misogyny on Digital Media
Authors: Römer-Pieretti Max , Montero-Díaz Julio , Said-Hung Elias
Published: July 2023

This chapter raises three questions: a) concerns a synthesis of the classic contributions of the reference semiotic authors that are considered when analysing hate speech in social media; b) entails presenting a case study that is analysed precisely with that analysis synthesis; c) shows the usefulness and interest of this type of analysis in investigations of hate speech. It offers a semiotic model for analysing misogynistic and xenophobic hate speech from digital news media on Twitter. The case study comprises the news published by El Mundo (Spain) from its users on social media, and the 33 comments generated, as a reason for this publication, during January 2021. This serves as the basis of semiotic analysis for understanding the phenomenon. The results visualise the semiotic analyses for understanding the dissemination of expressions. This approach thus helps reveal the levels of intensity, the denotative and connotative differences, the destructive-constructive and intertextual nature of messages, and sheds light on the different symbolic structures associated with hate speech.
The Expression of Hate in Portuguese Digital Media
Authors: Casquilho-Martins Inês , Alves David Ramalho , Belchior-Rocha Helena
Published: July 2023

This chapter aims to analyze the hate speech discourse in the Portuguese context, be it spread or fed through news media platforms and by their users in Portugal. Considering the need to share evidence and produce theoretical and empirical knowledge about this field of research, this study aims to contribute to this reflection and provide information to the international audience. By analyzing the Portuguese legal framework, statistical data and narratives about hate speech against immigrants and other minority groups in digital media (e.g. online news, Facebook) and traditional media (e.g. television, radio), the reader will become better acquainted with the policies associated with hate speech present through digital media and its detection.
Online Hate Speech and the Representations of Refugees in #VatanimdaMülteci (#RefugeeinMyCountry)
Authors: Demirdis Semra
Published: July 2023

In Turkey, a dramatic event involving Syrian refugees happened because of allegations that Syrian men had harassed Turkish women. Following the case, Turkish citizens generated a popular hashtag of #VatanimdaMülteci (#RefugeeinMyCountry) to share negative opinions, feelings, and ideologies towards Syrian refugees. This study is an examination of how Twitter was used to produce and spread hate speech discourse directed at refugees and focus on the representations of refugees through the online environment to provide information about anti-refugee rhetoric for specific nations. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis was carried out of the tweets under the hashtag #VatanimdaMülteci. The results demonstrate that a significant number of tweets contained hate speech comments designed to criticise Turkish government policies regarding refugees, such as the Turkish citizenship provided to refugees and their ability to open businesses in Turkey. The study shows that the hospitality of Turkish citizens turned into hostility over time.
New Narratives to Defuse Hate Speech
Authors: Bron Maximiliano , Arboleda Óscar Javier Arango , Rodríguez Ortiz Angelica María , Ojeda Héctor Claudio Farina
Published: July 2023

According to a 2021 report by the Spanish government, hate speech has increased by 60%, with 90% of survey respondents experiencing humiliation that amounts to “hate crimes.” UNICEF has also reported a 13% increase in hate speech among young people in Latin America. Both institutions have responded with regulations and campaigns to combat hate in educational systems and society at large. This chapter presents new narratives that have been used in the Musik Thinking (Barcelona) and CoCritic.Ar (Latin America) projects, in which, through education, mechanisms are provided to strengthen critical thinking and initiate processes to deactivate hate speech, especially those directed towards immigrants. The results of the process show how music in music thinking and critical literacy, collaborative work, argumentation, and transmedia narratives in CoCritic.Ar generate spaces for citizen discussion to respond to the increase in hate speech occurring in the Mediterranean and Latin America.
Management of defect claims in infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thusharika A. P. J. N. , Kurukulasooriya I. N. , Perera B. A. K. S.
Published: July 2023

Infrastructure projects lead to more claims due to their complexity, high cost, and time consumption compared to building projects. Defect claims are considered to be inevitable in infrastructure projects. Thus, this study aims to investigate how to manage defect claims in infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka. The study adopted a mixed research approach Semi-structured interviews with experts was used to identify and validate causes, consequences and management strategies of defect claims in infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka. The Questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate their significance. Manual content analysis and relative important index was used to analyse the data. The research findings reveal subcontractor failures are the most significant cause of defect claims. Further, the most critical consequence of defect claims is cost overrun, and clear and frequent communication is the most effective strategy for managing defect claims. This study contributes to the theory by exposing significant causes, consequences, and strategies to manage defect claims in infrastructure projects. Findings of the study will help the industry to manage defect claims in infrastructure projects and enable the successful completion of projects by achieving their targets.