bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pencegahan Primer Membentuk Masyarakat Sehat Di Era Covid-19
Authors: Fitriasari Nikma
Published: May 2020

The situation of the growth of COVID-19 cases is very fast in Indonesia. Primary prevention efforts become the most appropriate prevention because there is no drug for COVID-19 therapy. This research aims to further study the proper and rational primary prevention to establish a healthy society as an effort to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Primary prevention can be done in the form of health promotion and special protection. Primary prevention through promotion is done by selectively selecting information from social media, applying a cough ethic, consumption of nutritious food, and exercise. Primary prevention through special protection is done by resignation. cleaning hands regularly, using masks, social distancing and self-isolation, and avoiding unprotected contact with wild animals.Keyword: COVID-19, primary prevention, healthy society Abstrak Situasi pertumbuhan kasus COVID-19 sangat cepat di Indonesia. Upaya pencegahan primer menjadi pencegahan yang paling tepat karena belum ada obat untuk COVID-19.  Penelitia ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang pencegahan primer yang tepat dan rasional untuk membentuk masyarakat sehat sebagai upaya pencegahan penularan kasus COVID-19. Pencegahan primer dapat dilakukan berupa promosi kesehatan dan perlindungan khusus. Pencegahan primer melalui promosi dilakukan dengan selektif memilih informasi dari media sosial, menerapkan etika batuk, konsumsi makanan bergizi, dan olahraga. Pencegahan primer melalui perlindungan khusus dilakukan dengan resignasi. membersihkan tangan secara rutin, menggunakan masker, social distancing dan isolasi diri, serta menghindari kontak tanpa pelindung dengan hewan liar.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, pencegahan primer, masyarakat sehat
COVID-19: PRAYERS PERFORMANCE OF MEDICAL TEAM WITHOUT ABLUTION AND TAYAMMUM BASED ON FOUR MADHAB FIQH
Authors: Qotadah Hudzaifah Achmad
Published: May 2020

One of the main pillars of Islam is salat, wherein obliging salat, Allah SWT raised Prophet Muhammad SAW directly to the heavens through Isra Mi’raj. Five daily prayers are obligatory duties that must be performed by every Muslim as proof of devotion, obedience, and submission to His command with its requirements and pillars. The essence of salat cannot only be seen in practice but also on its process, such as wudu. Wudu is a procedure to purify the body with water. Wudu is one of the requirements for a valid salat, which is an obligation for every Muslim. Islam is filled with blessings and ease (rukhsah), given by Allah SWT to His Muslim servants. If one cannot perform wudu with water, then Allah SWT gave rukhsah, which is tayammum. A problem occurs if a Muslim unable to perform both wudu and tayammum, Which the COVID-19 healthcare worker is experiencing recently. This article is intended to research the rules in performing salat without wudhu or tayammum for COVID-19 healthcare workers based on four madhhab fiqh. In this research, the researcher uses a full qualitative method and documentation related to the topic of this research, which then will be analyzed descriptively.
O cultivo da singularidade como desafio para a formação humana
Authors: Bogéa Diogo
Published: May 2020

Todo processo de formação humana está ancorado em pressupostos metafísicos que envolvem uma certa concepção de “humano” e de “subjetividade” as quais, em geral, inquestionadas, perpassam as diretrizes, parâmetros, currículos, métodos e “correntes” pedagógicas. Nosso objetivo neste artigo será colocar em questão algumas concepções cristalizadas de “humano”, “subjetividade” e “identidade”, a fim de recolocar o processo de formação humana como problema e como desafio – e um desafio que não mais se resuma à aplicação de um método pré-definido cuja finalidade seja a realização de um ideal de humanidade e subjetividade previamente estabelecido. Para isso, recorreremos aos conceitos de “cultura” e “singularidade” na obra de Nietzsche, bem como à concepção de “subjetividade” que implicam.
Formação sem fôrma: a singularidade do processo de ser professor da Educação Infantil
Authors: Ferreira Michelle Dantas , Guedes Adrianne Ogêda
Published: May 2020

Pesquisar sobre a formação docente ganha especial relevância nos tempos que correm. O biênio de 2016 e 2017 trouxe intensas mobilizações sociais em torno do projeto de sociedade que desejamos e o seu modelo democrático que hoje sofre um duro revés. São movimentos que impactam, necessariamente, o campo educacional. Pensar, portanto, a formação de professores, implica impreterivelmente levar em conta as forças e as pressões que esse campo está vivendo e que, ao que tudo parece indicar, continuará sofrendo. Nesse sentido, vale reafirmar com as nossas pesquisas e ações qual o professor que pretendemos formar. Diferente das perspectivas padronizadas que visam criar modelos únicos de ação, como a cultura do apostilamento, pretendemos discutir concepções de formação docente que considerem os sujeitos como autores dos seus processos formativos, pondo em destaque a potência constitutiva da Educação Estética e dos estudos voltados para as pesquisas narrativas e/ou de histórias de vida e (auto)biográficas.
Considerações de natureza epistemológica sobre a análise textual discursiva
Authors: Gonçalves Fábio Peres
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho examina como a análise textual discursiva pode ser caracterizada nas discussões epistemológicas associadas à possibilidade do conhecimento. Sinaliza-se que há pressupostos teóricos na análise textual discursiva, na qualidade de um procedimento analítico, que a distanciam de uma perspectiva relativista. Por conseguinte, averigua-se a necessidade de as pesquisas em Educação em Ciências, em particular, e em Educação, em geral, que adotam esse procedimento analítico, apoiarem-se em interlocutores teóricos que se afastem igualmente do relativismo. Essa defesa é coerente com a ideia de reconhecer a análise textual discursiva como um procedimento analítico, mas sem reduzi-lo a um puro conjunto de passos a serem seguidos na análise de informações qualitativas.
Um olhar sobre o discurso da formação continuada de professores
Authors: Costa Eduardo Antonio De Pontes , De Brito Décio Pereira
Published: May 2020

Esta investigação procura discutir os saberes da formação continuada de professores do Centro de Capacitação de Professores (CECAPRO), da Secretaria de Educação e Cultura (SEDEC), do município de João Pessoa. Com base nos conceitos de discurso e enunciado formulados por Michel Foucault (2008) e de diário de pesquisa de campo presente em René Lourau (1993), é tomado como analisador o Processo Licitatório nº 007663/2009. As análises focam a emergência da profissionalização docente, as áreas de seguimentos de atuação do professor no ensino fundamental e o perfil do professor formador. Conclui-se que os professores em formação, inscritos na prescrição do saber-fazer pedagógico, passam a ocupar, nos ditos do Processo Licitatório, lugares específicos e a disputar determinados discursos, pretensamente aceitos como neutros e verdadeiros.
Desafios da docência universitária: um olhar de professores formadores
Authors: Berger Thamiris Christine Mendes , Pereira Ana Lucia , Costa Cristina
Published: May 2020

A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar os desafios da carreira docente universitária apontados por professores formadores. A abordagem é qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com trinta e seis (36) professores que lecionam em cursos de licenciatura de uma universidade estadual do Paraná. Contou-se com a análise textual discursiva e os resultados apontam que os principais desafios enfrentados pelos formadores estão relacionados à preparação dos alunos para a graduação; condições profissionais e políticas públicas. A pesquisa também evidenciou que há muitas contradições no que tange ao papel que se almeja das instituições de ensino superior e o que realmente desempenham.
História da educação de surdos e do ensino de matemática no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Klôh Leticia De Medeiros , Carneiro Reginaldo Fernando
Published: May 2020

Este estudo apresenta um panorama histórico da educação de surdos e do ensino da matemática no Brasil desde os tempos da colonização portuguesa até o contexto atual, passando pelas diversas formas de ver a matemática no campo educacional e pelas diferentes abordagens já utilizadas na educação de surdos. Apresenta ainda um paralelo temporal entre as trajetórias da educação matemática e da educação de surdos para, assim, refletirmos sobre os equívocos e os avanços alcançados. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi realizada uma análise bibliográfica, para então apresentar, em ordem cronológica, diversas alterações sofridas através do tempo que nos trouxeram até este momento da educação de surdos e da educação matemática, momento marcado, principalmente, pelas recentes políticas públicas que surgiram desde o fim do século XX e que referem-se à surdez, à Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras – e ao ensino de matemática.
Filtros mentales, coaching y Atención Temprana centrada en la familia
Authors: Orcajada Sánchez Noelia , García Sánchez Francisco Alberto
Published: May 2020

El profesional de Atención Temprana que implementa unas Prácticas Centradas en la Familia, lo hace convencido de los buenos resultados de estas prácticas. De ello dejan evidencia tanto estudios originales como trabajos de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. Ahora bien, el profesional siempre presenta dudas en torno a su propia práctica y a su capacidad para alcanzar el nivel de implicación que quiere de las familias. Entender la interpretación del adulto sobre su realidad y sus competencias, ayuda al profesional a ponerse en el lugar  de las familias, para conseguir su implicación desde su perspectiva y lenguaje propios. En este artículo abordaremos la identificación y comprensión de los filtros del adulto. Esto se hará dentro de unas estrategias de coaching adaptadas a las necesidades de la Atención Temprana, que será de especial utilidad para favorecer la reflexión en las familias.*** Filtros Mentais, coaching e Intervenção Precoce centrada na família *** O profissional de Intervenção Precoce que implementa práticas centradas na família o faz convencido dos bons resultados dessas práticas. Para tanto, busca evidências tanto em estudos originais, quanto em revisões sistemáticas e de meta-análise. No entanto, o profissional sempre apresenta dúvidas sobre sua própria prática e sua capacidade de atingir o nível de envolvimento que deseja das famílias. Compreender a interpretação que o adulto faz sobre sua realidade e suas competências ajuda o profissional a se colocar no lugar da família, de modo a conseguir seu envolvimento a partir de sua própria perspectiva e linguagem. Neste artigo, abordaremos a identificação e o entendimento dos filtros do adulto. Isso será feito dentro de estratégias de treinamento adaptadas às necessidades da Intervenção Precoce, que serão especialmente úteis para incentivar a reflexão nas famílias. Palavras-chave: filtros mentais, coaching, Intervenção Precoce
Editorial
Authors: Dos Santos Andréia Mendes
Published: May 2020

Edição (1)2020
Em homenagem ao 70° Aniversário do Prof. Nelson Studart e sua liderança para a Física da Matéria Condensada e para a Física e seu Ensino no Brasil
Authors: Coimbra Debora
Published: May 2020

Resumo Essa carta é uma singela homenagem ao Prof. Nelson Studart, editor associado da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física e editor e fundador de A Física na Escola, por ocasião do seu 70° aniversário. O professor atuou por 38 anos na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, onde atualmente é professor titular aposentado. Relato um pouco de sua significativa obra em física de sistemas quânticos de baixa dimensionalidade e de heteroestruturas semicondutoras, área na qual constam suas orientações concluídas em nível de doutorado. As contribuições atuais mais relevantes do homenageado incluem-se na investigação de tecnologias digitais e metodologias ativas, com foco na aprendizagem baseada em games e nos processos de gamificação.
FEMINICIDE, PROTECTION LAWS FOR WOMEN AND COPING STRATEGIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Pereira Mara Dantas , Figueiredo Jamille Maria de Araújo , Pereira Míria Dantas
Published: May 2020

This work is based on the concern with the increasing rates of feminicide in Brazil, a topic of great gravity and relevance. In this context, the objective of the present study is to analyze how the literature approaches feminicide, as well as its fight through protection laws and coping strategies. As a methodology for this study, we opted for a narrative review of the literature, carried out by searching publications in the databases: BVS, PePsic, SciELO and Redalyc. 28 manuscripts were selected to compose the study. Based on studies and discussions, it is clear that it is necessary to keep in mind that health professionals, together with social workers, must support and provide a back-up in the handling of cases of violence against women, exercising their fundamental role in the construction of actions educational, preventive and confronting feminicide.
SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Analysis of Sensory Properties of Cheese in a Sack Matured with Probiotic Starter Cultures
Authors: Kostelac Deni , Vrdoljak Marija , Markov Ksenija , Delaš Ivančica , Jug Tjaša , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Jakopović Željko , Čanak Iva , Jelić Marko , Frece Jadranka
Published: May 2020

Research background. Cheese in a sack is a traditional cheese produced in Croatia. Types of cheese with similar production technology are made in other countries but chemical and microbiological composition varies between regions. Traditionally, cheese in a sack is produced without the addition of starter cultures. Addition of beneficial probiotic cultures to numerous dairy products has documented advantages. Effects that the addition of probiotic bacteria to traditional cheese have on aroma compounds and sensory properties have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the sensory properties and differences in the aromatic profiles between cheese samples ripened in a lambskin sack, produced traditionally without the addition of any starter culture, or with the addition of probiotic bacteria. Experimental approach. In this study, cheese in a sack was produced with the addition of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus plantarum B and L. lactis ssp. lactis S1. During ripening volatile aroma compounds were analysed with a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory properties were evaluated by trained tasters who are familiar with the traditional taste of the cheese from a sack. The results of aroma composition and taste scores were then compared using factorial and principal component analyses. Results and conclusions. Chromatography showed differences in the composition of aroma compounds and the sensory properties between the cheese produced with Lactobacillus starter cultures and the control cheese, traditionally produced without a starter culture. The addition of probiotic cultures L. plantarum B and L. lactis ssp. lactis S1 resulted in products with better sensory properties and chemical profile of volatile aromatic compounds. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study investigates the usage of naturally present probiotic cultures as starter cultures in cheese in a sack production. Their effects on aroma profiles and sensory characteristics have been compared for the first time using factorial and principal component analyses.
Az okosváros-koncepció kritikai földrajzi vizsgálata – elméleti háttér és lehetséges kutatási irányok
Authors: Szalai Ádám
Published: May 2020

A városok felgyorsult növekedése, az egyre nagyobb léptékű népességkoncentrációk kialakulása és az ezzel egyidejűleg végbemenő technológiai fejlődés következtében napjainkra a városkutatásban szinte megkerülhetetlen témává vált az ún. okos város koncepció. Az okos város fogalma az elmúlt évtizedekben alakult ki, főként az urbanizáció, a digitális forradalom és a hatékonyabb és fenntarthatóbb városi szolgáltatások és környezetvédelem iránti társadalmi igényekre adott válaszként. Az infokommunikációs technológiák használata a településfejlesztésben jelentős potenciállal bír, ami okán a smart city koncepció egy új fejlődési paradigmaként is értelmezhető. A tanulmány első részében bemutatom, miképpen magyarázható az okos város koncepció, milyen összetevői vannak, a nemzetközi szakirodalomban hogyan definiálják. Ezt követően kitérek arra, hogy bár a városfejlesztési trendek az okos városok felé mutatnak, a koncepció gyakorlati megvalósításának (megvalósíthatóságának) vizsgálatakor a kritikai városföldrajzi megközelítés számos olyan területet azonosít – mint például a fejlesztések területi- és társadalmi fókusza, közösségi bevonás, adatgazdálkodás – amelyek alapvető fontosságúak a sikeres, befogadó és fenntartható okos városok létrehozásához. E kritikai elemzés a jelenleg uralkodó neoliberális várospolitika ismérveivel veti össze az okos város koncepció egyes elemeit, valamint hiányosságait. A tapasztalatokra építve megfogalmazom, hogy a témában milyen új, eddig feltáratlan kutatási kérdések merülnek fel.
Megosztásos gazdaság – a megosztás vagy a fogyasztás tere?
Authors: Lazányi Orsolya , Veress Tamás , Bársony Fanni
Published: May 2020

Tanulmányunk célja a megosztás társadalmi jelentésének körüljárása a gazdaság szubsztantív és formális jelentései és a commoning fogalmának segítségével empirikus esetek alapján. Érvelésünk szerint fontos, hogy megkülönböztessük a kereskedelmi célú megosztás formáit azoktól a szükségletkielégítést célzó gyakorlatoktól, melyek célja és eszköze az emberek egymáshoz való kapcsolódása, egymás segítése, és ahol az egymás iránt érzett felelősség értékként jelenik meg. A megosztáson alapuló gazdaság tehát nem összekeverendő az általában rövid távú bérlés, szolgáltatás igénybevételét lehetővé tévő kereskedelmi, és végső soron profitmaximalizálást célzó platformokkal. A megosztás társadalmi jelentése alapján sokkal inkább a szubsztantív gazdaság dimenziójába esik, szemben a kereskedelmi célú megosztó platformokkal, melyek a formális gazdaság részei. A megosztás a commoning során is központi helyet foglal el, hiszen a résztvevők bizonyos erőforrásokat közösen hoznak létre, tartanak fenn és osztanak meg. A commoning a megosztásnál azonban tágabb jelentéstartalommal bír. Egyrészt a fogalom az erőforrások létrehozásán, fenntartásán túl magába fogalja azokat a társadalmi gyakorlatokat, amelyeket a résztvevők a szabályok kialakítására, monitorozására és az erőforrások felhasználására hoznak létre. Másrészt, a commoning gyakorlatokat mozgalmi szempontból vizsgáló szakirodalomban explicit politikai célként jelenik meg az önszerveződő kezdeményezéseknek a piaci mechanizmustól való függetlenségük ill. az arra való törekvésük. Érvelésünk szerint e jellemzők miatt a commoning elméleti keretén keresztül megvizsgálva jobb megértést kínál, hogy a megosztás milyen céllal van jelen a megosztáson alapuló kezdeményezésekben. Tanulmányunkban három empirikus eset segítségével, amelyekben valamilyen módon jelen van a megosztás arra keressük a választ, hogy az egyes esetek milyen jellemzőkkel bírnak, hogyan jelenik meg a megosztás és mennyiben tekinthetőek a commoning gyakorlatának. Vizsgálatunk rávilágított, hogy az egyes esetekben megfigyelhetünk olyan jellemzőket, amelyek a commoning gyakorlatához teszik hasonlatossá őket, ám színtiszta, a piaci mechanizmustól teljes mértékben független gyakorlat nincs a vizsgált esetek között, a kezdeményezések valamilyen mértékben interakcióbak kerülnek a piaccal.
Városi deszegregáció, társadalmilag heterogén lakóközösségek, társadalmi tőke – egy hazai városi szegregátum felszámolásának tapasztalatai
Authors: Méreiné Berki Boglárka , Málovics György
Published: May 2020

A mélyszegény, stigmatizált, szegregált roma közösségek életében a megkötő társadalmi tőke egyrészt a társadalmi mobilitás gátja, másrészt alapvető fontosságú az érintettek jól-léte szempontjából. Keveset tudunk azonban arról, hogy mi a szerepe a társadalmi tőkének a társadalmilag heterogén lakóközösségek létrehozására irányuló deszegregációs folyamatok vonatkozásában, például a hazai roma szegregátumok esetében. Tanulmányunkban e kérdésre keressük a választ, egy deszegregációs folyamat által érintett hazai szegregátum esetének vizsgálatán keresztül, egy részvételi akciókutatási (RAK) folyamatra alapozva, kvalitatív kutatási módszereket alkalmazva. Következtetésünk, hogy a társadalmi tőkének kulcsszerepe van mind a deszegregációs folyamat eredményeképpen létrejövő lakóközösségek heterogenitása, mind az érintettek jól-létének alakulása kapcsán. Sem a heterogén lakóközösségek létrejötte, sem a megnövekedett jól-lét nem automatikus következmény, e célok megvalósulását alapvetően befolyásolják az érintett szegregált közösségek társadalmi tőkéjének jellemzői.
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil and Crude Oil of Some Fruits belonging to Umbelliferae Family cultivated in Konya Ecological Conditions
Authors: ÇELİK Sadiye Ayşe , AYRAN İrem
Published: May 2020

Apiaceae, also called Umbelliferae, the parsley family, in the order Apiales, comprising around 300 and 400 genera of plants distributed throughout a wide variety of habitats, principally in the north temperate regions of the world. Most members of Umbelliferae family are aromatic herbs. Species used as herbs and spices include fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise (Pimpinella anisum), dill (Anethum graveolens), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). In this study, essential oil and crude oil components were determined in the seeds of dill, fennel, aniseed, cumin and coriander. The yield and components of essential oil and crude oil, main active compounds in the fruit of the plants of dill, fennel, anise, cumin and coriander grown in the ecological conditions of Konya were examined. According to the results, essential oil and crude oil yields were 3.5 % and 5.06 % in dill, 2.25 % and 22.07 % in anise, 2.70 % and 7.34 % in fennel, 1.90 % and 11.26 % in cumin, 0.95 % and 18.48 % in coriander. The main components of dill, fennel, anise, cumin and coriander seed essential oils were carvone (45.221 %), trans-anethole (86.898 %), (Z-)-Anethole (92.478 %), cumin aldehyde (42.900 %) and linalool (87.238 %) respectively. In crude oils, the main component was determined as C18:1 (oleic acid).
Updating warning systems for climate hazards
Authors: JTDE Editor
Published: May 2020

Warning systems are relied on worldwide as part of disaster risk reduction. The traditional model of a government monopolistic system supplying warnings through a broadcast approach is now challenged by new media, mobile technologies and the accompanying expectations of individualised warnings to personal mobile devices. We examine this situation, and one novel approach – the use of an augmented signal from the next generation of Japanese positioning satellites – to providing individual warnings to personal devices wherever their owners are. We conclude that delivery to personal devices is feasible and already happening to some extent. Linking these new official systems with the multiple information flows of social media and crowdsourcing remains a major challenge.
A closer look at Deep-fibre FTTdp
Authors: Watkins Craig , Lillingstone-Hall Kelvin
Published: May 2020

In this paper we outline a number of matters that have been raised in relation to Deep-fibre Fibre-to-the-Distribution-Point (FTTdp), and address practical ways that FTTdp can be expected to deliver a maximum overall cost-benefit outcome for the Australian NBN. We present brief discussions of some HFC (Hybrid Fibre Coax) and FTTN (Fibre-to-the-Node) issues considered of concern, to place FTTdp in perspective. We touch briefly on the threat from wireless communications to the fixed line technologies. We discuss the FTTdp equipment ecosystem, migration from legacy services to FTTN or FTTdp, in-building copper concerns, and LFN architecture savings emerging from the FTTdp approach. As previously, we conclude that FTTdp must be honestly evaluated if the nation is to achieve a maximal NBN capability outcome.
Podwójne ubezpieczenie tego samego przedmiotu ubezpieczenia przy ubezpieczeniu odpowiedzialności cywilnej
Authors: Malarczyk Magdalena
Published: May 2020

W artykule przedstawiona została instytucja podwójnego ubezpieczenia. Autorka scharakteryzowała umowę ubezpieczenia – pojęcie, obowiązki stron umowy i rodzaje ubezpieczeń. Następnie opisano instytucję podwójnego ubezpieczenia w Kodeksie cywilnym oraz wykazano istnienie luki w prawie w przypadku podwójnego ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej.

Kolejno autorka przeanalizowała możliwość analogicznego stosowania art. 518 k.c., art. 376 § 1 k.c., art. 441 k.c., art. 828 k.c., art. 405 k.c. oraz art. 8241 k.c. w celu wyeliminowania wspomnianej luki w prawie. W ten sposób poczyniono analizę przepisów prawnych poprzez możliwość ich analogicznego zastosowania w przypadku podwójnego ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej, której efektem jest wykazanie przez autorkę, że do omawianej instytucji zastosowanie powinien znaleźć art. 8241 k.c. stosowany per analogiam.
Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej i jej ograniczenia w Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich
Authors: Pajduszewski Mariusz
Published: May 2020

Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej w krajach muzułmańskich budzi wciąż wiele kontrowersji w świecie zachodu, który zasad funkcjonowania tamtejszych gospodarek niekiedy nie rozumie, a niekiedy nie chce zrozumieć, chociaż niektóre z nich, np. Emirat Dubaju, uchodzą za wzór rozwoju, nie tylko w świecie islamu. Na pojęcie wolności działalności gospodarczej należy patrzeć wielowymiarowo, nie tylko w kontekście danego kraju, lecz często w kontekście całego regionu, a nawet świata. Inwestorzy, po kryzysie stali się bardziej wymagający i szukają najlepszych miejsc do prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Ważnym elementem jest prezentowanie polityki otwartości na inwestorów zagranicznych przez sprawne i szybkie dostosowywanie przepisów do wymogów rynku. Elastyczny i wyrozumiały dla biznesu system prawa jest podstawą bezpieczeństwa prowadzenia biznesu przez lata. Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie starają się w bardzo szerokim zakresie umożliwić zagranicznym inwestorom prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej.
Права ребенка в Украине и Польше: правовой и социологический компаративный анализ
Authors: Prots Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

Prawa dziecka na Ukrainie i w Polsce: komparatystyka prawno-socjologiczna

W artykule rozpatrywane jest zagadnienie praw dziecka, ich klasyfikacja zgodnie z międzynarodowymi standardami w ustawodawstwie Ukrainy i Polski. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań socjologicznych wskazano, w jaki sposób dzieci na Ukrainie i w Polsce same oceniają przestrzeganie ich praw w rodzinie, szkole oraz ogólnie w państwie. Została stwierdzona słuszność zapożyczenia pozytywnego doświadczenia państw europejskich, m.in. Polski, w zakresie ochrony praw, wolności i interesów prawnych dzieci.
Sposób kreacji Prezesa Narodowego Banku Polskiego w ujęciu historyczno prawnym
Authors: Zych Radosław
Published: May 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu było zbadanie sposobu kreacji (powoływania i odwoływania) Prezesa Narodowego Banku Polskiego w kontekście pozycji ustrojowej polskiego banku centralnego – jako okoliczności mającej istotne znaczenie dla funkcjonowania Banku i jego Prezesa. W prowadzonych badaniach zastosowana została metoda historyczno-prawna oraz językowa. Zbadane zostały polskie akty normatywne różnej rangi, akty prawa międzynarodowego, polskie orzecznictwo sądowe oraz literatura w zakresie wyznaczonym tytułem artykułu.

Narodowy Bank Polski został powołany na podstawie dekretu z 1945 r. Jednak idea jego utworzenia pojawiła się w 1944 r., mimo to ustrojodawca nie uwzględnił go w przepisach małej konstytucji z 1947 r. Stan pominięcia NBP przez akt normatywny o najwyższej randze ustrojowej trwał stosunkowo długo. Sposób kreowania Prezesa NBP przechodził ewolucję, która wynikała z częstych zmian prawa odnośnie do tej materii.

W podsumowaniu wypada zaakcentować najważniejsze konkluzje. Moim zdaniem, nieopublikowanie przez rząd w Monitorze Polskim statutu NBP z listopada 1959 r. spowodowane było świadomością przyjęcia na poziomie uchwały regulacji contra legem wynikających z art. 6 ust. 4 ustawy o NBP z 1958 r. odnoszących się do sposobu kreacji Prezesa NBP. Ustawy z 1982 r. zrywały z długoletnią praktyką podporządkowania NBP organom wykonawczym na rzecz kreowania go przez Sejm. Mała Konstytucja z 1992 r. była pierwszym aktem tej rangi, który regulował elementy funkcjonowania banku centralnego. Jednak pełniejsze postanowienia w tej materii zawiera Konstytucja RP z 1997 r. Współcześnie, tryb powoływania i kadencja Prezesa NBP zyskały rangę konstytucyjną, co utrudnia możliwość dokonywania zmian w tej materii. De lege ferenda, rozważenia wymaga postulat konstytucjonalizacji także trybu odwołania Prezesa NBP.
Dozór techniczny w systemie kontroli administracji publicznej
Authors: Sypnicki Adrian , Nachulewicz Natalia
Published: May 2020

Artykuł przedstawia pojęcie dozoru technicznego oraz kwestię jego umiejscowienia w systemie kontroli administracji publicznej. Problematyka ta jest analizowana poprzez pryzmat celu, dla realizacji którego dozór techniczny został ujęty w aktach normatywnych oraz polityki administracyjnej, której przejawem jest dozór techniczny. Autorzy poddali analizie rozwiązania w zakresie dozoru technicznego prezentowane w literaturze nieprawniczej. Przedmiot rozważań stanowią także jednostki dozoru technicznego.
Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naser Abdallah Y. , Alwafi Hassan , Alsairafi Zahra
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aims to estimate the length of stay and hospitalisation cost of hypoglycaemia, and to identify determinants of variation in the length of stay and hospitalisation cost among individual patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using inpatients records for patients with diabetes mellitus who had been hospitalised due to hypoglycaemic events in two private hospitals in Amman, Jordan between January 2009 and May 2017. All hospitalisation costs were inflated to the equivalent costs in 2017. Hospitalisation cost was estimated from the patient’s perspective in Jordanian dinars (JOD). Descriptive analyses and correlation between sociodemographic or clinical characteristics with the cost and length of stay were explored. Predictors of hypoglycaemic hospitalisation cost and length of stay were determined using logistic regression.

Results: During the study period a total of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus were hospitalised due to an incident of hypoglycaemia. The mean patient age was 64.2 (SD=19.6) years; half were male. Patients admitted for hypoglycaemia stayed in hospital for a median duration of two days (IQR=2 days). The median cost of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia was 163.2 JOD (USD 230.1) (IQR=216.3 JOD). We found that the Glasgow coma score was positively associated with length of stay (0.345, p=0.008), and older age was correlated with higher hospitalisation cost (0.207, p=0.02). Patients with a family history of diabetes had higher hospitalisation costs and longer duration of stay (0.306 and 0.275, p<0.05). In addition, being a male patient (0.394, p<0.05) and with an absence of smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay (0.456, p<0.01), but not with higher hospitalisation cost.

Conclusions: Costs associated with the incidence of hypoglycaemic events are not low and constitute a large cost component of managing and treating diabetes mellitus. Male patients and patients having a family history of diabetes should receive extra care and education on the prevention of hypoglycaemic events, and a treatment de-intensification approach should be considered if necessary, so we can prevent its associated hospitalisation costs and length of stay.
Sumário
Authors: Científico Editor
Published: May 2020

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Optimal thrust control of the transfer vehicle during tether deployment after harpoon capture of space debris
Authors: Sizov D.A. , Aslanov V.S.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the process of removing a passive object by an active spacecraft, consisting of three stages: harpooning the object, deploying the tether, and towing. The shock pulse from the harpoon is used to reduce the angular velocity of the object and transfer it to the towing state. An algorithm for determining the position of the capture point on the object surface is proposed. The equations of relative motion of the transfer vehicle at the stage of tether deployment are given in the dimensionless form, which allows studying the movement in any parameter space. The law of thrust control at the stage of cable deployment is proposed and optimal control parameters that ensure safe towing are determined. The limits of applicability of the considered control law are found taking into account the structural and strength limitations of the system. As an example of using the proposed approach, a numerical simulation of withdrawing the Ariane 4 rocket upper stage was performed.
Method of evaluating indicator of the quality of development and commissioning the automated system for preparing aircraft flight data
Authors: Andreev A.G. , Kazakov G.V. , Koryanov V.V. , Kotyashev N.N.
Published: May 2020

The quality of development and commissioning the automated system for preparing aircraft flight data (ASPD) depends on many factors, among which it is necessary to identify and justify those most significantly affecting quality of the system being commissioned. The practice of designing an ASPD has shown that the quality assessment based on its characteristics is nothing more than a consequence. This situation is due to the presence of deeper factors that will only appear during the operation of the system. To eliminate this situation, the problem is formulated as a task of determining the factors affecting the quality of development and commissioning the system, based on the data obtained by mathematical processing of expert estimates of each factor significance. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the hierarchy analysis method. Developed on its basis the methodological approach makes it possible:
– to identify the main factors significantly affecting the quality of the ASPD being commissioned, and to propose qualitative scales for assessing the degree of feasibility of each generic criterion;
– to formalize a multi-criteria indicator of the degree of the ASPD quality compliance with the requirements of generic criteria and obtain its dependence on the levels of development and commissioning the system;
– to justify the requirements for ASPD operational suitability, perform its evaluation, as well as determine the necessary measures for implementing the specified requirements on operational and technical characteristics of the ASPD.
Nie będzie pluralizmu form i sposobów życia bez uniwersalizmu zasad. Wywiad z Karlem-Otto Aplem
Authors: Apel Karl-Otto , Rötzer Florian
Published: May 2020

W wywiadzie z Karlem-Otto Aplem, jaki przeprowadził i w roku 1987 opublikował Florian Rötzer, omówionych zostało szereg wątków rozwijanej przez Apla filozofii transcendentalno-pragmatycznej. Wywiad ukazuje, co było przedmiotem głównych sporów i dyskusji prowadzonych w owym czasie przez tego obrońcę rozumu i racjonalistycznej tradycji w filozofii, który występował przeciwko wszelkiemu radykalnemu sceptycyzmowi i znany był przede wszystkim jako filozof broniący tezy o potrzebie i o możliwości dostarczenia uzasadnienia ostatecznego. Karl-Otto Apel wyjaśnia w tym wywiadzie, jak należy tę tezę rozumieć oraz na czym polega ostateczne uzasadnienie transcendentalno-pragmatyczne. W wywiadzie wyjaśnione też zostaje, czym jest argument z performatywnej samozaprzeczalności, który wykorzystywany jest w procedurze ostatecznego uzasadniania. W swych odpowiedziach Apel odnosi się do krytyk kierowanych pod adresem etyki dyskursowej, jej „formalizmu” o kantowskiej proweniencji (krytyk zarzucających temu nurtowi etyki, iż prowadzi do likwidacji różnorodności i pluralizmu); krytyczne uwagi kieruje pod adresem rzeczników postnowoczesności i postmodernizmu. W swych wywodach Apel broni uniwersalistycznej etyki oraz Kantowskiego, czysto formalnego obrazu człowieka jako obrazu, który zarazem stwarza warunki dla kulturowego pluralizmu oraz swobodnego artykułowania niezgody, a także dla poszukiwania konsensu.
Enerji Dağıtım Merkezi Perspektifinden Türkiye’nin Enerji Jeopolitiği
Authors: HARUNOĞULLARI Muazzez
Published: May 2020

Türkiye, coğrafi konumuyla jeopolitik ve jeoekonomik oluşumların merkezinde bulunmaktadır. Enerji ihtiyacını büyük oranda ithalatla karşılamaya çalışan Türkiye, bir yandan enerji güvenliğini geliştirirken diğer yandan da uluslararası bir enerji geçiş koridoru ve enerji merkezi olma çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin coğrafi konumunu, jeopolitik ve jeostratejik önemini incelemektir. Ayrıca enerji piyasaları ve bölgesel ölçekte yaşanan siyasi gelişmelerin Türkiye’nin enerji jeopolitiği üzerindeki rolünü nasıl belirlediğini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin enerji güzergahı olmasındaki rolü, bulunduğu konumun avantajları ve enerji jeopolitiğindeki önemi irdelenmiş, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yaklaşımıyla konu değerlendirilmiştir. Jeopolitik ve jeostratejik önemi her geçen gün artan Türkiye, bölgesel ve küresel alanda önemli bir aktördür. Türkiye, coğrafi konumunun, jeopolitik ve jeostratejik öneminin sağladığı avantajlarla doğal gaz ve petrol taşımacılığındaki yerini, aldığı ekonomik ve siyasi kararlarla hayata geçirmeli ve bölgedeki ülkelerle etkin enerji antlaşmaları yaparak enerji merkezi olma konusundaki dinamikliğini arttırmalıdır.
Eski ve Yeni Arasında: Sultan III. Selim Yönetiminde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
Authors: AKOĞLU Kübra
Published: May 2020

Stanford J. Shaw, Stanford Üniversitesi’nden mezun olup yüksek lisansını tamamladıktan sonra, Ortadoğu Tarihi üzerine ikinci yüksek lisansını yaptı. Bir süre Oxford üniversitesinde bulundu ve bu süre zarfında Bernard Lewis, Paul Wittek gibi önemli hocalardan istifade etti. 1955-1956 yıllarında Mısır’a giderek burada Osmanlı Mısır’ı üzerine çalışmalara başladı, İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde bu çalışmaların devamını getirirken Ömer Lütfi Barkan, Zeki Velidi Togan, İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı gibi Türk tarihçiliğinin önemli isimleriyle tanıştı. “The Financial and Administrative Organisation and Development of Ottoman Egypt 1517- 1798”başlıklı teziyle doktorasını tamamladı. Harvard ve Los Angeles üniversitelerinde dersler verdi ve 2000 yılında Bilkent Üniversitesi’nde Osmanlı ve Türkiye tarihi uzmanı olarak bulundu. Shaw, Türkiye ve Osmanlı’yı konu alan ve bir kısmı Türkçeye çevrilen pek çok akademik çalışmaya imza attı. Bu eserlerin başında “History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey” adlı çalışması gelmektedir. Shaw’ın “The Budget of Ottoman Egypt’’, “The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic’’, “Turkey and the Holocaust: Turkey’s Role in Rescuing Turkish and European Jewry from Nazi Persecution”, “Ottoman Egypt in the Age of the French Revolution’’, “The Ottoman Empire in World War I’’ adlı eserleri ve pek çok makalesi bulunmaktadır.
Osmanlı Toplumunda Müslüman Kadının Mahremiyeti: Urfa Örneği (1866-1895)
Authors: EKİNCİ Abdullah , ŞENEL Serkan
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada geç dönem Osmanlı Urfa’sında özellikle Müslüman kadının yaşantısı mahrem sınırlar ölçüsünde incelenmektedir. Urfa kadınının toplumsal hayattaki sınırlarını anlamaya çalışırken şehrin kadınlara bakan yönüyle mekânsal yapısı mercek altına alınmıştır. Böylece kentin imkânlar dâhilinde sunduğu verileri mekân-insan ilişkisi düzleminde kadın perspektifinden açıklamak mümkün olmuştur. Osmanlı mahkeme kayıtları olan şer’iyye sicilleri toplumun her tabakasına mensup insanların dünyasını anlamak için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Urfa şer’iyye sicilleri de zengin muhteviyatıyla yereldeki kadının dünyasını belli ölçüde sunacak önemli ipuçlarını içermektedir. Dolayısıyla çoğunlukla 1845-1915 yıl aralığını kapsayan sicillerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada özellikle Müslüman Urfa kadınının mahrem yaşamını tanımlayabilmek ve anlamlandırabilmek amaçlanmıştır.
Feasibility of evaluating effects of muscle fatigue on postural stability and muscular activation of the supporting leg in the soccer power kicking
Authors: Ávila de Oliveira Júlia , Ribeiro de Souza Caroline , Pacheco Rinaldin Carla Daniele , Boari Coelho Daniel , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: May 2020

Muscle fatigue accumulated during a soccer game can be a critical element to athletic performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of evaluating the effect of muscle fatigue of the support leg in soccer players postural stability and muscular activation of the stabilizing muscles of the ankle in the performance of a power kick. Six university soccer players were evaluated. Muscular fatigue was induced by means of repeated oscillations of the swing leg. Results indicated that fatigue did not significantly affect velocity of the kicking leg and postural stability while kicking. Electromyographic analysis revealed that fatigue induced decreased activation of the medial gastrocnemius and increased activation of the soleus muscles in the period following foot-ball contact. These results show the feasibility of analyzing the effect of fatigue on dynamic balance and muscular activation in the performance of a power kicking task.
Does conjunctive tissue massage increase range of motion in muscles with plastic hypertonia due to Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Fiorelli Carolina Menezes , Camargo da Silva Amanda , Fiorelli Alexandre , Penedo Tiago , Araújo-Silva Fabiana , Barbieri Fabio Augusto
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:Plastic hypertonia (rigidity), presented by individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), leads to reduced range of motion (ROM), impairing daily activities and balance reactions. Connective tissue massage (CTM) promotes increased ROM in normotonic muscles, however its effects on hypertonic muscles are not yet known.

AIM: To verify the immediate and acute (1h after) effects of CTM on cervical ROM in individuals with PD.

METHOD: Cervical ROM during anterior flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation was evaluated using a fleximeter at three moments: before (M1), immediately after (M2), and one hour after (M3) CTM in 14 older people with PD (PDG) and 13 neurologically healthy older people (CG).

RESULTS: The CG presented a higher ROM than the PDG for the cervical rotation movement. In addition, there was interaction between group*intervention time. The cervical rotation movement was higher for the CG than PDG at M2 and M3. On the other hand, there was no main effect of intervention time.

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that a single session of CTM was not sufficient to promote an increase in ROM in either normotonic or hypertonic muscles in older people, but the higher ROM for cervical rotation in the CG versus PDG was evident after CTM.
Comparative Efficacy of First-Line Immune-Based Combination Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Authors: ELAIDI Reza , PHAN Letuan , Borchiellini Delphine , BARTHELEMY Philippe , Ravaud Alain , OUDARD Stéphane , VANO Yann
Published: May 2020

Background: Three drug-combinations, ipilimumab-nivolumab (Ipi-Nivo), pembrolizumab-axitinib (Pembro-Axi) and avelumab-axitinib (Ave-Axi), have received regulatory approvals in USA and Europe for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with clear cell component (mRCC). However, no head-to-head comparison data are available to identify the best option. Therefore, we aimed to compare these new treatments in the first-line setting. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in Pubmed, the Cochrane library and clinicaltri-al.gov website from January 2015 to October 2019, for any randomized controlled trials of treatment-naïve patients with mRCC. The process was performed according to PRISMA guide-lines. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis with two different approaches. The out-comes for analysis were overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rate. Results: Our search identified 3 published phase 3 randomized clinical trials (2835 patients). In the contrast-based model, Ave-Axi (SUCRA: 83%) and Pembro-Axi (SUCRA: 80%) exhibited the best ranking probabilities for PFS. For OS, Pembro-Axi (SUCRA: 96%) was the most pref-erable option against Ave-Axi and Ipi-Nivo. Objective response rate analysis showed Ave-Axi as the best (SUCRA= 94%) and Pembro-Axi as second best option. In the parametric models, risk of progression was comparable for Ave-Axi and Ipi-Nivo, whereas Pembro-Axi exhibited a lower risk during the first 6 months of treatment and a higher risk afterward. Furthermore, Pembro-Axi exhibited a net advantage in terms of OS over the two other regimens, while Ave-Axi was the least preferable option. Conclusions: Overall evidences suggested pembrolizumab plus axitinib may be the best option.
Plastic Treatment and Microplastic Production, and Their Presence in Feed and Food
Authors: Conesa Juan A.
Published: May 2020

This preprint is focused in the presence of plastics and microplastics in food. We will discuss how many we eat, and how they arrive to the food, and why. We will treat many other things, such as the waste treatment in Europe and in Spain, with updated data; how much plastic waste is generated; what are microplastics and how they are analyzed, I will tell about the experience we have at the University of Alicante (UA); how they can be removed and we will estimate how many we eat over the course of a year.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Role in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia
Authors: Socha Maciej , Malinowski Bartosz , Puk Oskar , Dubiel Mariusz , Wiciński Michał
Published: May 2020

Pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia are associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality. A better understanding of those diseases, delineation of molecular pathomechanism, and efficient treatment development are some of the most urgent tasks in obstetrics and gynecology. Recent findings indicate a crucial role of inflammation in the development of hypertension and preeclampsia. Although the mechanism is very complex and needs further explanation, it appears that high levels of cholesterol, urate, and glucose activates NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces IL-1β, IL-18 and gasdermin D. Production of these proinflammatory chemokines is a beginning of local and general inflammation, what results in sympathetic outflow, angiotensin II production, proteinuria, hemolysis, liver damage, immunothrombosis, and coagulopathy. NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical complex in the mediation of inflammatory response, which makes it crucial for the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, as well as its complications, such as placental abruption and HELLP syndrome. Herein presented the article delineate molecular mechanisms of those processes, indicating directions of future advance.
Entry of SARS-CoV2 through the Basal Surface of Alveolar Endothelial Cells – A Proposed Mechanism Mediated by CD147 in COVID-19
Authors: Acosta Saltos Francia , Acosta Saltos Alejandro David
Published: May 2020

Severe Covid-19 disease is associated with endothelial infection, viraemia, and multi-organ dysfunction. The process through which SARS-CoV2 causes severe disease is yet to be determined. Here, we propose that in severe Covid-19 infection, SARS-CoV2 reaches the host bloodstream by infecting endothelial cells through their basal surface. This occurs, independently of ACE2, through CD147, a putative SARS-CoV2 receptor. The pathway proposed here encourages research on the mechanisms mediating endothelial cell infection in Covid-19.