bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rhetoric of Empathy in Hebrews
Authors: Lee Chee-Chiew
Published: March 2020

This study examines how the author of Hebrews uses the motif of empathy to achieve his rhetorical goals and it demonstrates that, in line with the use of exemplars and pathos in Greco-Roman and Jewish rhetoric, the author not only cites exemplars of empathy for emulation, he also arouses his audience’s empathy as a catalyst to induce them to help fellow believers who are suffering due to their faith in Christ. These rhetorical effects are key to not only maintaining the individual’s faithfulness to God, but also creating community support for maintaining each other’s faithfulness to God when facing persecution.
Canadian Banking Stability through the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–8
Authors: McCormack Geoffrey
Published: March 2020

One of the leading explanations for Canadian banking stability through the global financial crisis of 2007–08 is the Concentration-Stability Hypothesis (CSH), according to which the oligopoly of Canadian finance stabilised the credit system by cushioning it with above-average profits. These provided a buffer against fragility and incentives against excessive risk-taking. In this article, I critically examine CSH and show that classical Marxian analysis more effectively illuminates Canadian banking stability. I demonstrate that robust corporate profitability and capital accumulation before the crisis strengthened the balance sheets of the banks and supported them through those turbulent years. Thus, financial stability is linked explicitly to broader economic stability, and the latter is linked to the profitability of business enterprise.
The Theory of Analogy in Thomistic Philosophy and in the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea
Authors: Dooyeweerd Herman
Published: March 2020

Translation of “De leer der analogie in de thomistische wijsbegeerte en in de wijsbegeerte der wetsidee” by Herman Dooyeweerd (1942), Philosophia Reformata 7 (1–2), pp. 47–57.
The Afterlives of the Archons: Gnostic Literalism and Embodied Paranoia in Twenty-First Century Conspiracy Theory
Authors: Dillon Matthew
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the reception of the ancient Gnostic archons, or rulers, in contemporary conspiracy theories. In the classical Gnostic myth these nefarious beings rule the cosmos, mold primordial matter into a prison for Adam and Eve, and blind the Elect to their divine nature. These archons send cataclysms to earth and serve as celestial gatekeepers that keep the divine light trapped in their creation. Contemporary conspiracy theorists such as John Lamb Lash, David Icke, and Carol Reimer read the archons not as allegories or metaphors, but as real beings at work in contemporary politics, media and religion. Utilizing Michael Barkun’s concept of “superconspiracies,” this article examines how conspiracists Lash, Icke, and Reimer weave disparate conspiratorial discourses together through the classical Gnostic myth. The article concludes that the vast gulf between the anticosmic and anthropic dualism of the classical myth and the generally pro-cosmic and humanist thrust of modern esoterica leads these authors into paradoxical understands of cosmos, mind and eschatology.
Contributions to the taxonomy and biogeography of Nemeritis Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae)
Authors: VAS ZOLTÁN
Published: March 2020

Four new species of Nemeritis Holmgren are described, N. ananenkoi sp. nov. from the Balkan Peninsula, N. baranovi sp. nov. from Mongolia, N. bespalovi sp. nov. from Turkey, and N. legasovi sp. nov. from Mongolia. Additionally, the first reports of N. aequalis Horstmann from Republic of North Macedonia, N. caudata (Szépligeti) from Greece, N. lativentris Thomson from Hungary, N. macrocentra (Gravenhorst) from Mongolia and Serbia, N. minor (Szépligeti) from Republic of North Macedonia, N. pygmaea Horstmann from Hungary, N. scaposa Horstmann from Mongolia, N. silvicola Horstmann, N. specularis Horstmann and N. stenura Thomson from Hungary are given. Among them two species, N. macrocentra (Gravenhorst) and N. scaposa Horstmann, are new for the Eastern Palaearctic region.
New species of Hemerodromia Meigen (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) associated with limestone karstic waters in Thailand
Authors: PLANT ADRIAN R.
Published: March 2020

Species descriptions are provided for five new species of Hemerodromia (H. aliaextriata sp. nov., H. deprimatura sp. nov., H. oretenebraea sp. nov., H. pairoti sp. nov. H. samoha sp. nov.). The new species have an apparently obligate association with calcareous streams, rivers and tufa formations in limestone karst landforms in Thailand. Hemerodromia menghaiensis Yang & Yang is here reported for the first time in Thailand.
Study on the Binding of Procaine Hydrochloride to DNA/DNA Bases and the Effect of CdS Nanoparticles on the Binding Behavior
Authors: Ping Gang , Lv Gang , Gutmann Sebastian , Chen Chen , Zhang Renyun , Wang Xuemei
Published: March 2020

The interaction between procaine hydrochloride and DNA/DNA bases in the absence and presence of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles has been explored in this study by using differential pulse voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and so on, which illustrates the different binding
behaviors of procaine hydrochloride with different DNA bases. The results clearly indicate that the binding of purines to procaine hydrochloride is stronger than that of pyrimidines and the binding affinity is in the order of G > A > T > C. In addition, it was observed that the presence
of CdS nanoparticles could remarkably enhance the probing sensitivity for the interaction between procaine hydrochloride and DNA/DNA bases. Furthermore, AFM study illustrates that procaine hydrochloride can bind to some specific sites of DNA chains, which indicates that procaine hydrochloride
may interact with some special sequences of DNA.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe/Nd2O3 Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Hydrogen Plasma-Metal Reaction
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhang Shicheng , Li Xingguo
Published: March 2020

Fe/Nd2O3 core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) with a mean diameter of 35 nm were produced successfully by using hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. This core–shell structure was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),
energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectral (XPS), and induction-coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the mole ratio of Nd to Fe on the nanoparticle surface is 1.2:1,
about 7 times of that of the whole nanoparticle. The saturation magnetization Ms and remanence Mr of Fe/Nd2O3 nanoparticles decrease prominently from Fe nanoparticles, whereas the coercivity HC drops only less than 5% of Fe nanoparticle.
These CSNs have potential applications in magnetic and catalytic fields.
Optical Properties of Ag Nanoparticles Embedded Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Films Prepared by Alternating Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Kim Ji-Suk , Lee Kyeong-Seok , Kim Sang Sub
Published: March 2020

Nanocomposite thin films consisting of nanometer-sized Ag particles embedded in amorphous Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 matrix were prepared on fused silica substrates by an alternating pulsed laser deposition method. Their optical nonlinearities have been studied
using the Z-scan method. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak shifts to red and increases with the increasing the volume fraction of Ag in the nanocomposite films. The magnitude of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the nanocomposite with an Ag volume fraction of 3.3% was calculated
to be ∼2 × 10−8 esu at the SPR wavelength.
Hyperfine Structure Measurement of Rubidium Atom and Tunable Diode Laser Stabilization by Using Sagnac Interferometer
Authors: Kim Jin-Tae , Zhen Liu , Kapitanov Venedikt , Kim Hyun Su , Park Jong Rak , Park Si-Hyun
Published: March 2020

The Rubidium saturated absorption spectra for D2 transition lines are used to measure the Fabry-Perot interferometer free spectral range (FSR). The scale linearity of the laser frequency tuning is determined. The Sagnac interferometer has been used for the laser stabilization.
The result shows that the laser frequency is stabilized upto sub-mega Herz level. Also the hyperfine structure [52S1/2 F = 3 → F′ = 2, 3, 4 52P3/2 85Rb] of the rubidium atom has been measured by using the tilt locking method,
which shows the same result as the conventional saturation spectroscopy.
Efficient Adsorption of Acid Black 52 from Aqueous Solution by Biochar Prepared from Deoiled Algae Biomass: Process Optimization
Authors: Nautiyal Piyushi , Kumar Ashok
Published: March 2020

The attempt was made to prepare the novel biochar (BC) from deoiled Spirulina platensis algae biomass (DB) which was obtained after single stage oil extraction and transesterification. The adsorption capacity of biochar for acid black 52 dye (AO) removal from individual aqueous
solution was investigated. The optimization of process parameters such as effect of initial concentration of AO dye, dosage of adsorbent and the pH of the given solution on the dye adsorption was also examined. The results from the experiments were further compared with those obtained with
commercially available activated carbon (AC). The results showed that with the rise in initial concentration of dye from 30 mg/l till 90 mg/l, there was rise in the percentage removal of dye from 86.67% to 89.84%. The percentage dye removal to some extent got improved from 86.60% to 87.80%
using biochar while increasing the dosage of adsorbent from 0.2 to 1 g/100 ml. The removal of dye declined from 88.44% to 85.80% using BC while increasing pH from 2 to 10. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that biochar is a potential adsorbent for dye removal, thus supporting
the sustainability of biodiesel from algae.
Design and Analysis of Micro-Opto-Mechanical System Cantilever Integrated with Photonics Waveguide for Pressure Sensing Applications
Authors: Chandra Veer , Ranjan Rakesh
Published: March 2020

In this work, the pressure sensing approach based on the Micro-Opto-Mechanical System (MOMS) cantilever integrated with waveguide structure has been explored. The MOMS based photonic sensors are drawing attention because of their high sensing capabilities. In the design of MOMS based
cantilever pressure sensor, mainly two different waveguide structures, Rib and Slot waveguides have been considered. The deviation in light intensity at the output of the waveguide structure is mainly used to analyze the amount of exerted pressure at the free-end of cantilever. Using the different
waveguide parameters such as, effective mode area, light intensity variations, etc., the performance comparison between Rib and Slot waveguides have been done. The relationship between the normalized light intensity at the waveguide output corresponding to the applied pressure has been established
from the relationship between the deflection versus pressure and normalized intensity versus deflection. It has been anticipated that the performance of pressure sensor using Slot waveguide is significantly better than the Rib waveguide for some application.
Calculation of Winds Induced Bottom Wave Orbital Velocity Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition Method
Authors: Bian Changwei , Liu Xiaolei , Zhou Zhou , Chen Zhixing , Wang Tao , Gu Yanzhen
Published: March 2020

Accurate bottom wave orbital velocity (BWOV) calculation is important for understanding critical dynamic processes (e.g., turbulent mixing, sediment transport) at the bottom boundary layer of the oceans. Here we first use the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to calculate BWOV and evaluate its performance by comparing with two conventional methods (spectra and velocity methods) using field measurements collected from an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The results suggest that BWOVs calculated by the EMD method were well correlated (R2 ≥ 0.97) to the results by the other two methods but with a few percent discrepancies. Under strong wavy conditions, BWOVs from the EMD method were 8% and 6% smaller than those from the spectra and velocity methods, respectively. Under weak wavy conditions, BWOVs from the EMD method were 14% and 11% smaller than those from the spectra and velocity methods, respectively. Statistical distributions of BWOV suggest that the EMD method calculated instantaneous BWOVs and BWOV amplitudes closely matched the Gaussian and Rayleigh distributions, respectively. Uncertainty analysis suggests that the EMD method was capable of calculating the most accurate BWOVs among the three methods. While the spectra and velocity methods can provide robust BWOV estimation, they cannot completely avoid the errors caused by wave-unrelated motions and instrumental noise.
Facial Schwannoma Management Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bartindale Matthew , Heiferman Jeffrey , Joyce Cara , Anderson Douglas , Leonetti John
Published: March 2020

Objective

To evaluate facial nerve outcomes of various management strategies for facial schwannomas by assimilating individualized patient data from the literature to address controversies in management.

Data Sources

PubMed–National Center for Biotechnology Information and Scopus databases.

Review Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies regarding facial schwannomas. Studies were included if they presented patient‐level data, type of intervention, pre‐ and postintervention House‐Brackmann (HB) grades, and tumor location by facial nerve segment.

Results

Individualized data from 487 patients were collected from 31 studies. Eighty (16.4%) facial schwannomas were managed with observation, 25 (5.1%) with surgical decompression, 20 (4.1%) with stereotactic radiosurgery, 225 (46.2%) with total resection, and 137 (28.1%) with subtotal resection/stripping surgery. Stripping surgery/subtotal resection with good preoperative facial nerve function maintained HB grade 1 or 2 in 96% of cases. With a total resection of intradural tumors, preoperative HB grade did not significantly affect facial nerve outcome (n = 45, P =. 46). However, a lower preoperative HB grade was associated with a better facial nerve outcome with intratemporal tumors (n = 56, P =. 009). When stereotactic radiosurgery was performed, 40% of patients had improved, 35% were stable, and 25% had worsened facial function. Facial nerve decompression rarely affected short‐term facial nerve status.

Conclusion

The data from this study help delineate which treatment strategies are best in which clinical scenarios. The findings can be used to develop a more definitive management algorithm for this complicated pathology.
A simple tourniquet technique for bleeding control after percutaneous hemodialysis fistula and graft interventions
Authors: Lai Qiquan , Zhang Hui , Chen Bo , Gao Xuejing , Chen Ling , Tu Bo , Li Baifei , Hu Bo , He Fan , Xu Yong , Wan Ziming
Published: March 2020

Background

The purse-string suture has been widely used for bleeding control after percutaneous interventions through arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG), and it requires suture removal the next day. This study aimed to introduce a simple method using a tourniquet to facilitate hemostasis following AVF or AVG sheath removal after percutaneous procedures.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected and included all the consecutive patients who received bleeding control with a tourniquet after percutaneous AVF or AVG interventions. Hemostasis was facilitated using the tourniquet technique after sheath removal.

Results

A total of 1966 patients who received the tourniquet technique for bleeding control after percutaneous AVF or AVG interventions were included. Bleeding control was successfully achieved in all patients. Regarding complications, hematoma, thrombosis, and rebleeding occurred in 57 (2.9%), 11 (0.6%), and 8 (0.4%) patients, respectively. Neither pseudoaneurysm nor infection occurred in the patients. Age, gender, pre-existing diseases (including diabetes and hypertension), procedure count, sheath size, hemodialysis access type, and canalization route were similar between patients with and without complications. The primary patency rates at 6,12, 24, and 36 months were 85.0, 64.6, 53.8, and 41.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

The tourniquet technique is an effective and safe approach for facilitating hemostasis after catheter-based percutaneous interventions of hemodialysis accesses.
Ratios and determinants of maternal mortality: a comparison of geographic differences in the northern and southern regions of Cameroon
Authors: Meh Catherine , Thind Amardeep , Terry Amanda L.
Published: March 2020

Background

While maternal mortality has declined worldwide in the past 25 years, this is not the case for Cameroon. Since there is a predominantly young population in this country, high maternal mortality ratios may persist. Maternal mortality ratios vary within countries, yet it is unknown if the North and South, the most distinct parts of Cameroon, differ in terms of ratios and determinants of maternal mortality.

Methods

This study explored ratios and determinants of maternal mortality in women of childbearing age (15–49 years) and assessed differences between the North and South. We used the Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys (2004 and 2011) to extract a sample of 18,665 living or deceased women who had given birth. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between maternal mortality and sociocultural, economic and healthcare factors.

Results

Maternal mortality ratios were different for the two regions and increased in the North in 2011 compared to 2004. In the North, any level of education and being Muslim were protective against maternal mortality. Meanwhile, the odds of maternal mortality decreased with increasing age, and having secondary or higher education in the South. Domestic violence and ethnicity were associated with maternal death in the South. Increasing parity was protective of maternal death in both the North and South.

Conclusions

Maternal mortality ratios and determinants varied between women of childbearing age in the North and South of Cameroon. These reinforce recommendations for region specific strategies that will improve health communication, community education programs, curb domestic violence and train more community health workers to connect pregnant women with the health system. Programs to reduce maternal death among women with low parity and little or no education should be national priority.
Methods and design for the ADAPT study: Application of integrateD Approaches to understanding Physical activity during the Transition to emerging adulthood
Authors: Kwan Matthew Y. W. , Dutta Pallavi , Bray Steven R. , Brown Denver M. Y. , Cairney John , Dunton Genevieve F. , Graham Jeffrey D. , Rebar Amanda L. , Rhodes Ryan E.
Published: March 2020

Background

The overarching objective of the study is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the salient factors predicting changes in physical activity (PA) during adolescents’ transition into emerging adulthood. Using the Multi-Process Action Control model as our guiding framework, we will examine how implicit and explicit psychological processes along with regulatory practices impact PA change during this major life transition. Additionally, we will use a real-time data capture method called Ecological Momentary Assessment to further investigate how environmental and contextual factors, and momentary psychosocial influences effect PA patterns across this dynamic life stage.

Methods

The ADAPT study is a 4-year project comprised of two interrelated studies. Study I is a large prospective cohort study that will invite all grade 11 students across one large school board (a total of seven secondary schools) to participate by completing an online questionnaire. Using a cluster randomization approach, a subset of students from each school will be invited to participate in Study II, whereby participants will wear an accelerometer and complete Ecological Momentary Assessments 5 times a day over a 7-day study period. For both studies, following baseline assessments, there will be three annual follow-up assessments approximately 12 months apart.

Discussion

The current study represents one of the largest longitudinal cohort studies examining PA and its determinants and associated consequences among adolescents transitioning out of high school into emerging adulthood. Findings from this study will provide a much more in-depth understanding of how and why changes in PA behaviour occur across this first major life transition.
A qualitative study of health professions curricula and management of lateral ankle ligament sprain demonstrates inconsistency
Authors: Green Toni , Willson Grant , Fallon Kieran
Published: March 2020

Background

Health educators aim to graduate students who are safe, effective and practice evidence-based medicine (EBM). Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are tools for translating evidence into clinical practice for health professionals and educators who lack time to appraise the evidence. There have been CPGs published for lateral ankle ligament sprains (LALS) for physiotherapists, nurses, and doctors. Clinical decision rules have also been developed for LALS to increase the safety of practice. The Ottawa Ankle Rules (OAR) were developed to screen for the need for an x-ray following an ankle or foot injury.

Methods

Educators from the Australasian College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP), St John Ambulance first aiders, pharmacy, nursing, and physiotherapy disciplines were participants in this study. Using purposeful sampling with semi-structured questions and a LALS case study, 19 Australian educators were interviewed. Curricula and textbooks were also collected and analysed. Two researchers independently analysed the data using a deductive method.

Results

Analysis found that no educator used a CPG to inform their teaching. There was no common LALS curriculum for the five groups studied. There were two approaches: a triage curriculum (St John Ambulance, pharmacy, nursing) and a reflective curriculum (ASCEP and physiotherapy). Textbooks influenced curriculum for physiotherapy, pharmacy and first aid educators. The triage curricula recommend rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) alone, while the reflective curricula uses OAR, RICE, immobilisation if the LALS is severe, functional support (brace), exercises and manual therapy. In addition, ACSEP and physiotherapy do not recommend electrotherapy. All five groups were cautious about the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Conclusions

Physiotherapy and ACSEP educators teach OAR. Despite not using the CPGs to inform curriculum, physiotherapy and ACSEP have unintentionally aligned their curriculum with current LALS CPG recommendations. However, nursing, pharmacy and first aid trainers are not teaching OAR or aligned with LALS CPGs. Educators in pharmacy, nursing and first aid should re-examine their curricula and consider possibly teaching OAR and using CPG. Clinical practice guideline developers should consider pharmacists and first aiders as users of their LALS CPGs.
Can patient and family education prevent medical errors? A descriptive study
Authors: Kim Yoon-Sook , Kim Hyuo Sun , Kim Hyun Ah. , Chun Jahae , Kwak Mi Jeong , Kim Moon-Sook , Hwang Jee-In , Kim Hyeran
Published: March 2020

Background

This study aims to increase understanding of how patient and family education affects the prevention of medical errors, thereby providing basic data for developing educational contents.

Methods

This descriptive study surveyed patients, families, and Patient Safety Officers to investigate the relationship between educational contents and medical error prevention. The Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to derive the results of this study. The educational contents used in this study consisted of health information (1. current medicines, 2. allergies, 3. health history, 4. previous treatments/tests and complications associated with them) and Speak Up (1. handwashing, 2. patient identification, 3. asking about medical conditions, 4. asking about test results, 5. asking about behaviour and changes in lifestyle, 6. asking about the care plan, 7. asking about medicines, and 8. asking about medicine interactions).

Results

In this study, the first criterion for choosing a hospital for treatment in Korea was ‘Hospital with a famous doctor’ (58.6% patient; 57.7% families). Of the patients and their families surveyed, 82.2% responded that hospitals in Korea were safe. The most common education in hospitals is ‘Describe your medical condition’, given to 69.0% of patients, and ‘Hospitalisation orientation’, given to 63.4% of families. The most important factors in preventing patient safety events were statistically significant differences among patients, family members, and Patient Safety Officers (p = 0.001). Patients and families had the highest ‘Patient and family participation’ (31.0% of patients; 39.4% of families) and Patient Safety Officers had the highest ‘Patient safety culture’ (47.8%).

Conclusions

Participants thought that educational contents developed through this study could prevent medical errors. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data for national patient safety campaigns and standardised educational content development to prevent medical errors.
Systemic Therapy for Melanoma: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Seth Rahul , Messersmith Hans , Kaur Varinder , Kirkwood John M. , Kudchadkar Ragini , McQuade Jennifer Leigh , Provenzano Anthony , Swami Umang , Weber Jeffrey , Alluri Krishna C. , Agarwala Sanjiv , Ascierto Paolo A. , Atkins Michael B. , Davis Nancy , Ernstoff Marc S. , Faries Mark B. , Gold Jason S. , Guild Samantha , Gyorki David E. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Meyers Michael O. , Robert Caroline , Santinami Mario , Sehdev Amikar , Sondak Vernon K. , Spurrier Gilliosa , Tsai Katy K. , van Akkooi Alexander , Funchain Pauline
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

To provide guidance to clinicians regarding the use of systemic therapy for melanoma.

METHODS

ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature.

RESULTS

A systematic review, one meta-analysis, and 34 additional randomized trials were identified. The published studies included a wide range of systemic therapies in cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In the adjuvant setting, nivolumab or pembrolizumab should be offered to patients with resected stage IIIA/B/C/D BRAF wild-type cutaneous melanoma, while either of those two agents or the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib should be offered in BRAF-mutant disease. No recommendation could be made for or against the use of neoadjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma. In the unresectable/metastatic setting, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, nivolumab alone, or pembrolizumab alone should be offered to patients with BRAF wild-type cutaneous melanoma, while those three regimens or combination BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy with dabrafenib/trametinib, encorafenib/binimetinib, or vemurafenib/cobimetinib should be offered in BRAF-mutant disease. Patients with mucosal melanoma may be offered the same therapies recommended for cutaneous melanoma. No recommendation could be made for or against specific therapy for uveal melanoma. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/melanoma-guidelines .
Central Adrenal Insufficiency Is Rare in Adults With Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Rosenberg Anna G W , Pellikaan Karlijn , Poitou Christine , Goldstone Anthony P , Høybye Charlotte , Markovic Tania , Grugni Graziano , Crinò Antonino , Caixàs Assumpta , Coupaye Muriel , Van Den Berg Sjoerd A A , Van Der Lely Aart Jan , De Graaff Laura C G
Published: March 2020

Context

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with several hypothalamic-pituitary hormone deficiencies. There is no agreement on the prevalence of central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) in adults with PWS. In some countries, it is general practice to prescribe stress-dose hydrocortisone during physical or psychological stress in patients with PWS. Side effects of frequent hydrocortisone use are weight gain, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension—already major problems in adults with PWS. However, undertreatment of CAI can cause significant morbidity—or even mortality.

Objective

To prevent both over- and undertreatment with hydrocortisone, we assessed the prevalence of CAI in a large international cohort of adults with PWS. As the synacthen test shows variable results in PWS, we only use the metyrapone test (MTP) and insulin tolerance test (ITT).

Design

Metyrapone test or ITT in adults with PWS (N = 82) and review of medical files for symptoms of hypocortisolism related to surgery (N = 645).

Setting

Outpatient clinic.

Patients or Other Participants

Eighty-two adults with genetically confirmed PWS.

Main Outcome Measure

For MTP, 11-deoxycortisol > 230 nmol/L was considered sufficient. For ITT, cortisol > 500 nmol/L (Dutch, French, and Swedish patients) or > 450 nmol/L (British patients) was considered sufficient.

Results

Central adrenal insufficiency was excluded in 81 of 82 patients. Among the 645 patients whose medical files were reviewed, 200 had undergone surgery without perioperative hydrocortisone treatment. None of them had displayed any features of hypocortisolism.

Conclusions

Central adrenal insufficiency is rare (1.2%) in adults with PWS. Based on these results, we recommend against routinely prescribing hydrocortisone stress-doses in adults with PWS.
Winners and Losers from China's Ascension in International Trade: a Structural Approach
Authors: Pessoa Joao Paulo , Costa Francisco
Published: March 2020

This paper employs a unified theoretical framework to estimate the effect of changes within China on the Brazilian and World's economy. Based on the Ricardian model of trade of Costinot et al. (2012), we perform counterfactuals exercises to analyze how industries in Brazil would have performed in the absence of the Chinese ascension. We discuss two main counterfactual exercises. First, we model productivity growth in China as the main lever by which Chinese supply and demand conditions evolve and affect economies worldwide. Second, we study how changes in composition of Chinese demand (taste) affects trade flows around the world. The two counterfactual exercises together suggest that changes in China's comparative advantage hampered manufacturing sectors abroad, in particular labor-intensive Brazilian manufacture producers. We find no support for the idea of a China taste shock driving demand towards raw materials. Our model suggests that if China triggered a commodity boom in the world, or at least in Brazil, this was driven mostly by increased income in China. And any changes in China's tastes over products contributed to moderate such boom. Specifically, our model indicates that the boom of soybeans cultivation in Brazil is due to changes in Brazilian comparative advantage paired with a level increase in demand for this product within China.
TRABALHO: vazio e espoliação em Fifteen Million Merits (Black Mirror)
Authors: Passos Daniela Oliveira , Caetano Paulo Roberto Barreto
Published: March 2020

O artigo discute como se dá a espoliação e a subjugação do indivíduo no trabalho em Fifteen Million Merits (2011). Nesse episódio da série Black Mirror, é possível ver uma indistinção entre jornada de trabalho e vida fora do labor, bem como se percebe um processo de espetacularização das singularidades do indivíduo, de modo a transformar em mercadoria os mais diversos aspectos da subjetividade num agudo processo de subjetivação e embotamento. O protagonista, para se desvencilhar das amarras, adota uma postura de pragmática abstenção, aparentemente. Tais características são comentadas a partir da noção de crítica ao capital e dos processos do trabalho desumanizador de Karl Marx, do disciplinamento dos sujeitos por E. P.
PENSAMENTO COMO SUSPENSÃO DO MUNDO: aproximações entre Arendt e Herbart para (re)pensar a ação pedagógica
Authors: Schütz Jenerton Arlan , Neitzel Odair
Published: March 2020

À luz do pensamento de Hannah Arendt e Johann Herbart, o texto propõe refletir sobre a relação entre o pensar e o mundo comum. Afinal, o que nos faz pensar? Para dar conta de responder tal indagação, iniciaremos a discussão em torno da relação entre entendimento (Verstand) e razão (Vernunft) que Hannah Arendt faz com base em Kant; por conseguinte, faremos uma releitura da concepção de disciplina formativa ou aconselhamento de Herbart, isso, com o intuito de aferir que sujeito é levado a pensar a partir do momento em que toma a si e o mundo em reflexão (suspendendo-o); por fim, apresentamos as três figuras socráticas, que, para Arendt, fomentam a suspensão do mundo e colocam o sujeito em movimento reflexivo, sob a atividade do pensamento. Ademais, esse movimento permite (re)pensar a ação pedagógica fundada na atividade do pensamento e na continuidade, durabilidade e aperfeiçoamento do mundo humano comum, é isso que só a educação e o professor podem e devem fazer.
Closed arthrodesis in infected neuropathic ankles using Ilizarov ring fixation
Authors: Alammar Yaser , Sudnitsyn Anatoliy , Neretin Andrey , Leonchuk Sergey , Kliushin Nikolay Mikhailovich
Published: March 2020

Aims

Infected and deformed neuropathic feet and ankles are serious challenges for surgical management. In this study we present our experience in performing ankle arthrodesis in a closed manner, without surgical preparation of the joint surfaces by cartilaginous debridement, but instead using an Ilizarov ring fixator (IRF) for deformity correction and facilitating fusion, in arthritic neuropathic ankles with associated osteomyelitis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who underwent closed ankle arthrodesis (CAA) in Ilizarov Scientific Centre from 2013 to 2018 (Group A) and compared them with a similar group of patients (Group B) who underwent open ankle arthrodesis (OAA). We then divided the neuropathic patients into three arthritic subgroups: Charcot joint, Charcot-Maire-Tooth disease, and post-traumatic arthritis. All arthrodeses were performed by using an Ilizarov ring fixator. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 12 months to assess union and function.

Results

The union rate for Group A was 81% (17/21) while it was 84.6% (33/39) for Group B. All the nonunions in Group A underwent revision with an open technique and achieved 100% union. Mean duration of IRF was 71.5 days (59 to 82) in Group A and 69 days (64.8 to 77.7) in Group B. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was similar in both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was shorter in Group A (21 days (SD 8)) than Group B (28 days (SD 9)). In the latter Group there were more problems with wound healing and greater requirement for antibiotic treatment. The mean operating time was 40 minutes (SD 9) in Group A compared to 80 minutes (SD 13) in Group B. Recurrence of infection occurred in 19% (4/21) and 15.5% (6/39) for Group A and Group B respectively.

Conclusion

We found CAA using an IRF to be an effective method for ankle arthrodesis in infected neuropathic foot and ankle cases and afforded comparable results to open methods. Due to its great advantages, Ilizarov method of CAA should always be considered for neuropathic ankles in suitable patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):470–477.
Coat protein gene of a PStV-Bm isolate from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Indah Julisaniah  , SUHARJONO  , RETNO MASTUTI  , ESTRI LARAS ARUMINGTYAS
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Julisaniah NI, Suharjono, Mastuti R, Arumingtyas EL. 2020. Coat protein gene of a PStV-Bm isolate from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 903-909. Peanut stripe virus (PStV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus capable of infecting peanut plants. An isolate of PStV (PStV-Bm) was collected from a peanut field in the Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia and the coat protein (CP) gene of this virus (CP-PStV) was extracted from the viral RNA and analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods. The CP-PStV gene of PStV-Bm was aligned with several PStV genes deposited in the Genbank (http://www.ncbi.nml.nih.gov). Based on the nucleotide sequence of the CP gene, PStV-Bm was grouped into a similar cluster with other PStVs that originated from Indonesia with a similar index, ranging from 96.8% to 98.9%. Genetic similarity (about 96.1%) was also observed between PStV-Bm and PStV from the USA. This genetic similarity indicated that viruses from adjacent regions have high genetic relationships. Some amino acid differences were observed in PStV-Bm that may be typical of this strain.
Nutritional values of swamp grasses as feed for Pampangan Buffaloes in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhakka Muhakka Muhakka , RUJITO AGUS SUWIGNYO  , DEDIK BUDIANTA  , YAKUP
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Muhakka, Suwignyo RA, Budianta D, Yakup. 2020. Nutritional values of swamp grasses as feed for Pampangan Buffaloes in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 953-961. This study was aimed at determining the types and quality of vegetation in the swamp area, which could be used as sources of roughage for Pampangan buffaloes in South Sumatra. In this descriptive study, Results showed that the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, 20.56 and 2.92%, respectively, were found in (Neptunia oleracea). The highest ash content of 25.19% was found in Cyperus digitatus. The lowest fiber content (11.01%) was found in Ludwigia hyssopifolia, which also had the lowest content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) (40.64%). Hemicellulose content was found to be highest (37.14%) in Leersia hexandra. The lowest ADF (23.66%) and lignin (14,84%) contents were found in Nymphaea lotus. N. oleracea was found to have the lowest content (27.08%) of cellulose. It was concluded that the swamp vegetation found in this study consisted of 17 species of grasses and herbs (89.47%) and two species of legumes (10.53%). C. digitatus and L. hyssopifolia were found to have the best nutritional values. Dominant and palatable vegetation with good nutritional values, which were potential to be used as sources of roughage for Pampangan buffaloes, were Hymenachne acutigluma, Oryza rufipogon, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Polygonum barbatum, and Eleocharis dulcis.
Direct economic benefits and human dependence toward Gunung Merapi National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Umaya Ruky , Hardjanto  , Soekmadi Rinekso , Sunito Satyawan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Umaya R, Hardjanto, Soekmadi R, Sunito S. 2020. Direct economic benefits and human dependence toward Gunung Merapi National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 982-993. Merapi (Java, Indonesia) is recognized as the most active volcano in Indonesia. This area has also gazetted as a national park, called Gunung Merapi National Park (GNMP), despite the existence of humans who live adjacent to the park with high dependency on its resources. The objectives of this study were to determine direct use value (DUV) and investigate human dependence toward the goods and services generated from GNMP. The research was conducted in 27 sub-villages. In total 277 respondents and 62 key informants were selected using purposive sampling and 9 times focus group discussion. The DUV was estimated using market price approach. The results of this study found that the DUV of GMNP was IDR 87,947,589,505 year-1, generated from direct benefit of grasses for animal feedstock (41.74%), sand mining (31.32%), water consumption (20.23%), fuelwood collection (3.57%), ecotourism activities (1.65%), land management for agriculture (1.48%), and orchid conservation program (0.01%). The dominance of DUV derived from grasses collection, sand mining and water consumption was highly correlated with the characteristics of sub-villages communities, influenced by the events of eruption of Merapi volcano, changes in legal status of forest function and market situations. Sub-village communities have historically developed reciprocal relationships with Merapi volcano and its surrounding ecosystem in terms of ecological, economic, and cultural aspects, and they played important roles in natural resources management of Merapi volcano. The findings of this study suggest that an important strategy for GMNP authority is by positioning sub-village communities and their norms as resource beneficiaries and partners in managing the park, highlighting that their existence should not be neglected.
Short Communication: Characterization of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with five Dendrobium species in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Soelistijono R , D.S. UTAMI  , DARYANTI  , M. FAIZIN  , R. DIAN
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Soelistijono R, Utami DS, Daryanti, Faizin M, Dian R. 2020. Plankton biodiversity in various typologies of inundation in Paminggir swamp, South Kalimantan, Indonesia on dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 1007-1011. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the roots of five Dendrobium species; to determine the association between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the root of five Dendrobium sp.; to obtain difference between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the other in adjacent location Mycorrhizal observations of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae in this study were carried out macroscopically (morphologically) and microscopically (anatomically). The macroscopic observation was performed by observing directly the development of fungal colonies on culture media. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the shape of the hyphal of fungi and the number of nuclei. The results showed that the Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the root of five species of Dendrobium sp. in Java were the binucleate Rhizoctonia groups (BNR). The binucleate Rhizoctonia has white colonies, right-angle branching hyphae, two nuclei, and brown hyphae. The association of the root of five species of Dendrobium sp.with Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae fungi was indicated by the existence of a peloton structure in cortical root tissue.
Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: PALUPI TANTRI , FRANKY PANGARIBUAN  , HEARNES  , FADJAR RIYANTO  , WASIAN  , DWI ZULFITA
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Palupi T, Pangaribuan F, Hearnes, Riyanto F, Wasian, Zulfita D. 2020. Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1065-1073. The black rice paddy is a variety of rice known to have anthocyanin content which is beneficial to human health. Yet, the black rice paddy is relatively rare to find as not all rice-growing areas develop and plant black rice. West Kalimantan has several potential black rice varieties which are potentials as genetic resources to create a new black rice variety in plant breeding programs. This research was aimed to describe the morphological and agronomical characteristics of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, namely Nanga Taman, Mukok, Senakin, and Ensalang. The study was conducted at the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak using Completely Randomized Design. Each variety consisted of six replications, and each replication consisted of 3 samples. We observed 12 characters of the vegetative phase and 21 characters of the generative period. The four varieties had similarities in 13 characters and differences in 20 characters. The results showed that the four black rice had superior properties such as the stem angle and the angle of the leaves is upright so that it reduces interference from bird pests. Among them, the Senakin variety had an advantage over the three other varieties in terms of plant height, age, the number of productive tillers, and weight of grains.
Temporal effects of cutting intensity on Diptera assemblages in eastern Borneo rainforest Indonesia
Authors: Budiaman Ahmad - , Haneda Noor Farikhah , - Indahwati , Febrian Dini , Rahmah Laela Nur
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Budiaman A, Haneda NF, Indahwati, Febrian D, Rahmah LN . 2020. Temporal effects of cutting intensity on Diptera assemblages in eastern Borneo rainforest Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1074-1081. Studies on the effects of varying cutting intensity on the abundance and species richness of Diptera in tropical rainforest are limited, particularly in Southeast Asia region. The aim of the study was to assess the temporal effect of cutting intensity on Diptera community in tropical rainforest in the eastern Borneo rainforest, Indonesia, which was logged using the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting system. The field study was carried out in 2016. Responses of Diptera to the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting systems in the eastern Borneo rainforest, Indonesia were examined. We compared the abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera before cutting and after cutting at three different treatments: low cutting intensity, medium cutting intensity and high cutting intensity. Diptera was collected using a malaise trap. Selective cutting of tropical rainforest altered biodiversity of Diptera. The abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera were greater after cutting than before cutting at all cutting intensities. Our study showed that cutting intensity did not significantly affect the abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera. Results of the study clearly indicated that the percentage of forest canopy cover could be a single predictor for abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera in the natural rainforest of eastern Borneo, Indonesia.
Anatomical features and SCoT profiles provide new insight into phenotypic plasticity in the halophyte Suaeda maritima in Thailand
Authors: KANOKPHORN RITTIRONGSAKUL  , ANITTHAN SRINUAL  , Vanijajiva Ongkarn
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Rittirongsakul K, Srinual A, Vanijajiva O. 2020. Anatomical features and SCoT profiles provide new insight into phenotypic plasticity in the halophyte Suaeda maritima in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 1082-1090. Phenotypic plasticity is the variation in phenotypic traits of organisms to survive with fluctuating environments. Halophytes are plants that can naturally tolerate high concentrations of salt in the soil, and their tolerance to salt stress, which reflects the ability of the plants to produce different phenotypic traits in response to changing environmental conditions. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort is a polymorphic halophyte and prominent species complex from tropical to temperate regions due to diverse stressful saline habitats. Consequently, the identification of S. maritima based on morphological data is challenging due to high phenotypic plasticity. In Thailand, S. maritima, known as Seablite or Cha Khram, has only been reported for the genus Suaeda which frequently found in coastal salt marshes. The peculiarities of the prevalence of three distinctive color traits, green, green-reddish and reddish, were commonly observed in Thailand. This preliminary study aims to examine the morpho-anatomical characters and molecular analysis of S. maritima and to determine how their morphological and genetic characterizations are related to phenotypic traits, particularly in color variation within the population at Bang Khun Tien shoreline in Bangkok, Thailand. This combined investigation of anatomical characters and start codon targeted (SCoT) fingerprinting profiles provide first evidence of phenotypic variations and genetic characterizations of halophytic S. maritima in Thailand. Anatomical characters of leaf structures confirmed that the species is austrobassioid (C3) types. Meanwhile, molecular investigation of thirty SCoT primers found that only two SCoT primers (SCoT10 and SCoT27) failed to amplify the S. maritima genomic DNA. Thoroughly, twenty-eight SCoT primers produced 162 unambiguous and reproducible banding profiles with 140-1200 bp product size. Despite, there was no genetic variation detectable within the population, SCoT technique was considered a suitable tool to produces adequate characterization for DNA fingerprinting of halophyte S. maritima. However, further studies involving additional samples of S. maritima are needed to obtain a more general view of the conspicuous variation and colonization history in Thailand.