bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ambulance transports for self-harm: a population-based study in Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nakao Shunichiro , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Tanaka Kenta , Hirose Tomoya , Tachino Jotaro , Iwami Taku , Masui Jun , Domi Hisaya , Shimazu Takeshi , Oda Jun , Matsuoka Tetsuya
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic might have affected emergency medical services transports for self-harm in Japan. However, the available data are insufficient to fully understand the pandemic’s impact on ambulance transports due to self-harm. This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence of ambulance transports for self-harm from 2018 to 2021 and to identify vulnerable age groups during the pandemic.

Design

A population-based observational study using a database from the Osaka Prefectural Government.

Setting

The database covers the entire area of Osaka Prefecture and included information on ambulance transports and hospital details.

Participants

Ambulance transport of patients due to self-harm from 2018 through 2021 was investigated.

Primary outcome measures

The primary outcome was the incidence of ambulance transport for self-harm.

Results

We analysed 10 843 patients. Their median age was 38 years, and 69.0% were female. We observed an increasing trend of the incidence rate in cases per 100 000 population per year from 29.4 in 2018 to 31.2 in 2021. However, after adjusting for age group, sex and month, there was no difference in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self-harm in 2019 (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.007; 95% CI 0.955 to 1.063), 2020 (aIRR 1.041; 95% CI 0.987 to 1.098) and 2021 (aIRR 1.022; 95% CI 0.968 to 1.078), compared with 2018. We observed no difference in 21-day mortality from 2018 through 2021. In the age group of 20–29 years, despite no difference in 2019 compared with 2018, we found an 11.7% increase in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self-harm in 2020 (aIRR 1.117; 95% CI 1.002 to 1.245) and no difference in 2021.

Conclusions

There was no difference in the incidence of ambulance transport due to self-harm and 21-day mortality from 2018 through 2021. However, the incidence rate of ambulance transport due to self-harm in 2020 increased in the age group of 20–29 years.
Intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve outcomes after stroke (Get Set Go): a study protocol for the process evaluation of a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RECREATE)
Authors: Johansson Jessica Faye , Shannon Rosie , Mossabir Rahena , Airlie Jennifer , Ozer Seline , Moreau Lauren A , Farrin Amanda , Mead Gillian , English Coralie , Fitzsimons Claire F , Clarke David J , Forster Anne
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Stroke survivors spend long periods of time engaging in sedentary behaviour (SB) even when their functional recovery is good. In the RECREATE programme, an intervention aimed at reducing SB (‘Get Set Go’) will be implemented and evaluated in a pragmatic external pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluations. We report the protocol for the process evaluation which will address the following objectives: (1) describe and clarify causal assumptions about the intervention, and its mechanisms of impact; (2) assess implementation fidelity; (3) explore views, perceptions and acceptability of the intervention to staff, stroke survivors and their carers; (4) establish the contextual factors that influence implementation, intervention mechanisms and outcomes.

Methods and analysis

This pilot trial will be conducted in 15 UK-based National Health Service stroke services. This process evaluation study, underpinned by the Medical Research Council guidance, will be undertaken in six of the randomised services (four intervention, two control). Data collection includes the following: observations of staff training sessions, non-participant observations in inpatient and community settings, semi-structured interviews with staff, patients and carers, and documentary analysis of key intervention components. Additional quantitative implementation data will be collected in all sites. Training observations and documentary analysis data will be summarised, with other observational and interview data analysed using thematic analysis. Relevant theories will be used to interpret the findings, including the theoretical domains framework, normalisation process theory and the theoretical framework of acceptability. Anticipated outputs include the following: recommendations for intervention refinements (both content and implementation); a revised implementation plan and a refined logic model.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by Yorkshire & The Humber - Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 19/YH/0403). Findings will be disseminated via peer review publications, and national and international conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN82280581.
Understanding polysubstance use at the daily and event levels: protocol for a mixed-methods qualitative and ecological momentary assessment study in a community-based sample of people who use illicit drugs in Oakland, California, USA
Authors: Lorvick Jennifer , Hemberg Jordana , George Madeleine J , Piontak Joy , Comfort Megan L
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Polysubstance use is extremely common among people who use illicit opioids in the USA. It is associated with poor substance use treatment outcomes, infectious disease risk and alarming rates of drug overdose. Nearly all extant literature examines polysubstance use over broad time frames, such as 30 days or 6 months. However, both substance use and overdose risk are episodic. To build a stronger understanding of polysubstance use and overdose risk, we need to expand the knowledge base to include daily-level and event-level data that examine how substances are used together, in which combinations and in which contexts. The study described in this protocol will use qualitative and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to examine polysubstance use and overdose risk on a daily and event level.

Methods and analysis

This is a mixed-methods observational study with three phases. The first phase is formative, consisting of qualitative interviews with people who use multiple substances (N=20), to inform the development of items for the EMA component. The second phase is EMA data collection with people who use multiple substances (N=120), three times daily for 28 days. The third phase consists of mixed-methods inquiries with a subset of participants (N=20), using participant-level EMA data and qualitative techniques to build a nuanced understanding of the motivations and contexts of polysubstance use in everyday life. Analytical induction methods will be used to interpret qualitative data. Hierarchical linear modelling methods will be used to analyse EMA data.

Ethics and dissemination

This research has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at RTI International (#MOD00001782 for EMA procedures and #MOD00001241 for qualitative procedures). Participants engage in an informed consent procedure for each component of the study. Data will be managed and shared per the National Institutes of Health extramural data sharing policy.
Mortality and failure-to-rescue major complication trends after lung cancer surgery between 2005 and 2020: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Bernard Alain , Cottenet Jonathan , Pagès Pierre-Benoit , Quantin Catherine
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To estimate the evolution of quality indicators (30-day mortality and failure-to-rescue) inpatients who underwent lung cancer surgery in France over the past 15 years and to study the potential influencing factors.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using data from the French hospital database (PMSI).

Setting

Nationwide population-based study.

Participants

All patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer in France (2005–2020) were included (N=1 57 566). Characteristics of patients (age, gender, comorbidities), surgery (surgical approach, type of resection, extent of resection) and hospital (type of hospital, hospital volume for pulmonary resections) were retrieved.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We studied two outcome indicators: 30-day mortality and failure-to-rescue. We used regression-based techniques (including interrupted time-series) to assess the effects of patient and hospital characteristics on 30-day mortality and failure-to-rescue (number of deaths among patients with at least one major postoperative complication within the 30 days after surgery), adjusting for case mix.

Results

The 30-day mortality rate increased from 3.8% in 2005 to 4.9% in 2010 and then decreased to 2.9% in 2020. The failure-to-rescue rate decreased from 12.2% in 2005 to 7.1% in 2020. The pneumonectomy rate decreased significantly over time (18.1% in 2005 to 4.8% in 2020) and had the greatest contribution on the reduction of mortality between two periods (2005–2010/2015–2020). The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or robot-assisted surgery had a great influence on the reduction of mortality (16% of the observed difference in mortality) between the two periods, as did hospital volume.

Conclusions

The change in surgical practices, particularly the reduction in pneumonectomies, could be one of the main reasons for reduction in postoperative mortality and failure-to-rescue in France since 2011. Hospital volume is another important factor in reducing postoperative mortality. Our study should encourage the use of technological or organisational innovation, such as changes in surgical practice and cancer surgery authorisations, to improve quality of care.
Factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain after acute traumatic injury
Authors: Jacoby Sara F , Wong Eunice C , Schell Terry L , Powers Mark B , Warren Ann Marie , Richmond Therese S
Published: September 2023

Background

Chronic pain represents a substantial health burden and source of disability following traumatic injury. This study investigates factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain.

Methods

Prospective, longitudinal, panel study. Seriously injured patients were recruited from two trauma centres in the Northeastern and Southwestern USA. Data from medical records and individual surveys were collected in-hospital, and at 3-month and 12-month postinjury from a balanced cohort of non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic patients. We used linear regression to estimate the associations between race and ethnicity and 3-month and 12-month pain severity outcomes. We grouped all available cohort data on factors that theoretically influence the emergence of chronic pain after injury into five temporally ordered clusters and entered each cluster sequentially into regression models. These included: participant race and ethnicity, other demographic characteristics, preinjury health characteristics, acute injury characteristics and postinjury treatment.

Results

650 participants enrolled (Hispanic 25.6%; white 38.1%; black 33.4%). Black participants reported highest relative chronic pain severity. Injury-related factors at the time of acute hospitalisation (injury severity, mechanism, baseline pain and length of stay) were most strongly associated with racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain outcomes. After controlling for all available explanatory factors, a substantial proportion of the racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain outcomes remained.

Conclusion

Racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain outcomes may be most influenced by differences in the characteristics of acute injuries, when compared with demographic characteristics and postacute treatment in the year after hospitalisation.
Patients with cancer and hospital admissions: disease trajectory and strategic choices
Authors: Numico Gianmauro , Ferrua Rachele , Fea Elena , Giamello Jacopo , Colantonio Ida , Occelli Marcella , Vandone Anna Maria , Vanella Paola , Aimar Giacomo , Pisano Chiara , Parlagreco Elena , Persano Irene , Milanesio Michela , Ippoliti Roberto
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Hospital admission (HA) in cancer history is a common, repeated and frequently unplanned event. The emergency departments (EDs) and the oncological outpatient service (OOS) are the ordinary way of entry. We studied the reasons of admission, pathways of access and discharge and prognostic factors in a population of admitted patients with cancer.

Methods

The health records of the admitted patients in the oncological ward of a referral hospital in a 6-month period were retrieved and analysed. The characteristics of those admitted in the last 3 months of life were compared with the other group.

Results

Among the 147 HA, 79.5% were unplanned, 48.9% passing through the ED and 30.6% through the OOS; 56.5% were due to cancer-related symptoms; 50.3% occurred in the last 3 months of life. Median overall survival was 90 days (95% IC 53.1–126.9). Independent prognostic factors for survival were: being admitted for symptoms, referral through the ED and not being discharged at home.

Conclusions

Hospital is a turning point in the cancer care pathway. Patients needing HA have a dismal prognosis, half of them being in the last 3 months of life. This group can be identified using universally available variables.
Rationale and design of the GOLDEN BRIDGE II: a cluster-randomised multifaceted intervention trial of an artificial intelligence-based cerebrovascular disease clinical decision support system to improve stroke outcomes and care quality in China
Authors: Li Zixiao , Zhang Xinmiao , Ding Lingling , Jing Jing , Gu Hong-Qiu , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Du Chunying , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Meng , Xu Man , Zhang Yanxu , Hu Meera , Li Hao , Gong Xiping , Dong Kehui , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Liu Liping , Xian Ying , Peterson Eric , Fonarow Gregg C , Schwamm Lee H , Wang Yongjun
Published: September 2023

Background

Given the swift advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the utilisation of AI-based clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSSs) has become increasingly prevalent in the medical domain, particularly in the management of cerebrovascular disease.

Aims

To describe the design, rationale and methods of a cluster-randomised multifaceted intervention trial aimed at investigating the effect of cerebrovascular disease AI-CDSS on the clinical outcomes of patients who had a stroke and on stroke care quality.

Design

The GOLDEN BRIDGE II trial is a multicentre, open-label, cluster-randomised multifaceted intervention study. A total of 80 hospitals in China were randomly assigned to the AI-CDSS intervention group or the control group. For eligible participants with acute ischaemic stroke in the AI-CDSS intervention group, cerebrovascular disease AI-CDSS will provide AI-assisted imaging analysis, auxiliary stroke aetiology and pathogenesis analysis, and guideline-based treatment recommendations. In the control group, patients will receive the usual care. The primary outcome is the occurrence of new vascular events (composite of ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction or vascular death) at 3 months after stroke onset. The sample size was estimated to be 21 689 with a 26% relative reduction in the incidence of new composite vascular events at 3 months by using multiple quality-improving interventions provided by AI-CDSS. All analyses will be performed according to the intention-to-treat principle and accounted for clustering using generalised estimating equations.

Conclusions

Once the effectiveness is verified, the cerebrovascular disease AI-CDSS could improve stroke care and outcomes in China.

Trial registration number

NCT04524624.
Pulsar timing array observations as possible hints for nonsingular cosmology
Authors: Zhu Mian , Ye Gen , Cai Yong
Published: September 2023

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments have reported strong evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If interpreted as primordial gravitational waves (GWs), the signal favors a strongly blue-tilted spectrum. Consequently, the nonsingular cosmology, which is able to predict a strongly blue-tilted GW spectrum with$$n_T \simeq 2$$nT≃2on certain scales, offers a potential explanation for the observed SGWB signal. In this paper, we present a Genesis-inflation model capable of explaining the SGWB signal observed by the PTA collaborations while also overcoming the initial singularity problem associated with the inflationary cosmology. Furthermore, our model predicts distinctive features in the SGWB spectrum, which might be examined by forthcoming space-based gravitational wave experiments.
Blandford–Znajek process in Einsteinian cubic gravity
Authors: Peng Jun , Feng Xing-Hui
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we investigate the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) process within the framework of Einsteinian cubic gravity (ECG). To analytically study the BZ process using the split monopole configuration, we construct a slowly rotating black hole in ECG up to cubic order in small spin, considering the leading order in small coupling constant of higher curvature terms. By deriving the magnetosphere solution around the black hole, we determine the BZ power up to the second relative order in spin. The BZ power is modified by the coupling constant compared to Kerr black hole case. Although the general nature of the BZ process in ECG remains unchanged at the leading order in spin, the coupling constant introduces modification at the second relative order in spin. Therefore, we anticipate that it is feasible to discern general relativity from higher derivative gravities by examining the BZ power in rapidly rotating black holes.
Hidden charmonium decays of $$\psi (nS)$$ through charmed meson loops
Authors: Liu Shidong , Cai Zuxin , Zheng Yuanxin , Li Gang
Published: September 2023

We calculated transitions of the higher radial excited charmonia $$ \psi (nS) ~ ( n=3,4,5 )$$

ψ
(
n
S
)

(
n
=
3
,
4
,
5
)

to the orbital excited charmonium $$ h_c(1P) $$

h
c

(
1
P
)

with emission of one pion or eta meson. In calculations, the intermediate S- and P-wave charmed meson loops were considered in terms of the nonrelativistic effective field theory. The results indicate that the transitions of interest are dominated by the loops involving the $$ s_l^P=(1/2)^+ $$

s
l
P

=

(
1
/
2
)

+

charmed mesons, whereas the $$ s_l^P=(1/2)^- $$

s
l
P

=

(
1
/
2
)

-

charmed meson loops are of minor contributions. The partial decay widths of $$ \psi (nS) \rightarrow h_c \pi ^0 $$

ψ

(
n
S
)

→

h
c

π
0

are of the order of 0.01–1 keV. For the case of $$ \psi (nS) \rightarrow h_c \eta $$

ψ

(
n
S
)

→

h
c

η

, the partial decay widths are from 0.1 to 100 keV, implying the branching ratios from $$ 10^{-5} $$

10

-
5

to $$ 10^{-3} $$

10

-
3

. Moreover, the partial decay widths for $$ \psi (nS) \rightarrow h_c \eta $$

ψ

(
n
S
)

→

h
c

η

are found to decrease as the $$ \eta $$
η
-$$ \eta ' $$

η
′

mixing angle increases. It is hoped that the present calculated results would be observed in the future experiments.
Reaction–diffusion TAP
Authors: Andrecut M.
Published: September 2023

The recently introduced Theory of the Adjacent Possible (TAP) is a model of combinatorial innovation aiming to explain the “hockey-stick” upward trend of human technological evolution, where an explosion in the number of produced items with increasing complexity suddenly occurs. In addition, the TAP model was also used to explain the rapidly emerging biological complexity. Inspired by TAP here we propose a reaction–diffusion system aiming to extend the model in both space and time. We show that the new model exhibits similar characteristics to the TAP model, like the sudden increase in the production of items, after a longer period of slow growth. The new model also exhibits wave propagation of “innovation”, resulting in self-sustained complex interference patterns.
BANK RISK, BANK COMPETITION AND MONETARY POLICY IN THE INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY: A PANEL QUANTILE REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: SALVA  , SINGH SUNNY KUMAR
Published: September 2023

This study examines the relationship between monetary policy (MP), bank competition and risk-taking behavior for 69 commercial banks in India between 2005 and 2022. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study to examine the combined and differential effects of MP and bank competition on the risk-taking behavior of Indian banks. Furthermore, we extend our analysis by re-examining this relationship after the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the panel quantile regression model, our main findings suggest that increased concentration in the Indian banking system weakens the risk-taking channel of MP. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted the relationship between MP, bank competition and bank risk. Finally, we also find that the effect of MP and bank competition on banks’ risk-taking behavior differs between high- and low-risk banks. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of bank risk and MP.
Running vacuum cosmology with bulk viscous matter
Authors: Sarath N. , Mohan N. D. Jerin , Mathew Titus K.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the late accelerating expansion of the universe by incorporating bulk viscous matter with the running vacuum. The running vacuum is assumed to be varied as the square of the Hubble parameter ([Formula: see text]), while the coefficient of bulk viscosity of matter is taken to be proportional to the Hubble parameter ([Formula: see text]). We have analytically solved for the Hubble parameter and estimated the model parameters using the combined data set [Formula: see text]. The evolution of the cosmological parameters was analyzed, and the universe’s age is estimated to be 13.94[Formula: see text]Gyr. The evolution of the universe in the present model marked considerable improvement compared to bulk viscous matter-dominated models. The transition from matter-dominated decelerated phase to vacuum energy-dominated accelerating phase occurred at a transition redshift, [Formula: see text], and the evolution asymptotically approaches a de Sitter epoch. We have obtained the coefficient of bulk viscosity of the matter component as [Formula: see text] which is two orders of magnitude less than the value predicted by most of the bulk viscous matter-dominated models. The statefinder analysis distinguishes our model from the [Formula: see text]CDM model at present, and the [Formula: see text] trajectory reveals the quintessence behavior of the vacuum energy. The model was found to satisfy the generalized second law of thermodynamics, and the entropy is maximized in the far future evolution.
Passive Synthesis of Fractional Order Immittance of Three-Element-Kind
Authors: Liang Guishu , Mu Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

For the actual circuit with fractional order characteristics, the fractional order circuit model is more concise and precise than the classical circuit model. So studying the synthesis of fractional order immittance is of great significance. This paper investigates the passive synthesis method of the three-element-kind fractional order immittance function. It means designing a network with three kinds of passive fractional-order elements that exhibit a specific impedance function. This paper proposes a variable substitution method to solve this problem. The method consists of three steps: The first step of the process is to establish the correspondence between the fractional order and lossy reactance. This way, the fractional order immittance function is transformed into an integer order immittance function. Then the Brune procedure realizes the immittance function as a network with lossy reactance. Finally, a fractional order network is obtained by replacing the lossy reactance with the corresponding fractional reactance. A simulation example and an experiment are also given for verification. This method applies to all three-element-kind network impedance functions that meet the passive condition.
Designs of High-Speed Triple-Node-Upset Hardened Latch Based on Dual-Modular-Redundancy
Authors: Huang Zhengfeng , Zhang Yan , Ai Lei , Liang Huaguo , Ni Tianming , Song Tai , Yan Aibin
Published: September 2023

The development of modern process CMOS integrated circuits has reduced the feature sizes and thus the reliability of the chip continuously. First, this paper proposed two kinds of single-node upset self-recovery feedback loops with low overhead. One is called P-RFL which is composed of P-type complementary element (CP) and Clocked CP (C2P), and the other is called N-RFL which is composed of N-type complementary element (CN) and Clocked CN (C2N). Second, in order to fully tolerate triple-node upsets (TNUs), this paper presents three TNU-hardened latches: C2P-C2N, DMR-C2P and DMR-C2N. Using the blocking ability of the C-element, the outputs of two RFLs are connected to the C-element array. Therefore, when any three nodes upset at the same time, the transient pulse propagates inside the latch step by step, and disappears after being blocked by the C-element, ensuring that the TNU-hardened latches can restore to the correct logic state. HSPICE simulations show that all the three proposed latches achieve lower power, delay and APDP, compared with other six TNU-hardened latches. DMR-C2N achieves the lowest power, delay and APDP. In addition, the PVT variations analysis show that three proposed TNU-hardened latches are less sensitive to the variations of process, voltage and temperature.
Optimal Scheduling Framework of Integrated Energy System Based on Carbon Emission in Electricity Spot Market
Authors: Cai Xiangyu , Wang Haixin , Dong Jian , Lu Xinyi , Yang Zihao , Cheng Shanshan , Ma Yiming , Yang Junyou , Chen Zhe
Published: September 2023

Micro coal-fired units (MCFU) and combined heat and power plants (CHP) in integrated energy system (IES) will emit a large amount of carbon dioxide when providing loads to customers, which will lead to higher operating costs of IES. To solve this challenge, an optimal dispatch model of power-to-gas (P2G) and methane reactor (MR) considering the reward and punishment costs based on carbon emission trading mechanism is proposed, to reduce carbon emissions of IES and enhance the accommodation of renewable energy (RE). Subsequently, considering the uncertainty of RE, a combination optimization method for MCFU and CHP units is developed based on the Lagrange multiplier method. Finally, considering the mechanism of electricity spot market (ESM), a transaction strategy for IES participating in ESM is proposed to further enhance the accommodation of RE. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through simulations.
Robust OFDM System for Drilling Data Transmission Using Acoustic Wave
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Geng Yanfeng
Published: September 2023

Drilling data communication mainly includes mud pulse telemetry and electromagnetic wave telemetry. These methods have the advantages of economy and convenience, but they also have the disadvantages of low data transmission rate and large signal attenuation. A data transmission system while drilling was designed based on the key technologies and basic principles of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). The hardware of the system includes the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) motherboard and daughter board, power amplifier circuit and piezoelectric transducer. The software used in the system is C and Python. Compared with traditional methods, new methods using acoustic signals have many advantages. This new wireless transmission system was designed by combining down-hole data transmission with wireless communication. This method has advantages in oil exploration and development.
Enhancing Code Summarization with Graph Embedding and Pre-Trained Model
Authors: Li Lixuan , Li Jie , Xu Yihui , Zhu Hao , Zhang Xiaofang
Published: September 2023

Code summarization is a task that aims at automatically producing descriptions of source code. Recently many deep-learning-based approaches have been proposed to generate accurate code summaries, among which pre-trained models (PTMs) for programming languages have achieved promising results. It is well known that source code written in programming languages is highly structured and unambiguous. Though previous work pre-trained the model with well-design tasks to learn universal representation from a large scale of data, they have not considered structure information during the fine-tuning stage. To make full use of both the pre-trained programming language model and the structure information of source code, we utilize Flow-Augmented Abstract Syntax Tree (FA-AST) of source code for structure information and propose GraphPLBART — Graph-augmented Programming Language and Bi-directional Auto-Regressive Transformer, which can effectively introduce structure information to a well PTM through a cross attention layer. Compared with the best-performing baselines, GraphPLBART still improves by 3.2%, 7.1%, and 1.2% in terms of BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE-L, respectively, on Java dataset, and also improves by 4.0%, 6.3%, and 2.1% on Python dataset. Further experiment shows that the structure information from FA-AST has significant benefits for the performance of GraphPLBART. In addition, our meticulous manual evaluation experiment further reinforces the superiority of our proposed approach. This demonstrates its remarkable abstract quality and solidifies its position as a promising solution in the field of code summarization.
Error estimates with low-order polynomial dependence for the fully-discrete finite element invariant energy quadratization scheme of the Allen–Cahn equation
Authors: Zhang Guo-Dong , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, for the Allen–Cahn equation, we obtain the error estimate of the temporal semi-discrete scheme, and the fully-discrete finite element numerical scheme, both of which are based on the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) time-marching strategy. We establish the relationship between the [Formula: see text]-error bound and the [Formula: see text]-stabilities of the numerical solution. Then, by converting the numerical schemes to a form compatible with the original format of the Allen–Cahn equation, using mathematical induction, the superconvergence property of nonlinear terms, and the spectrum argument, the optimal error estimates that only depends on the low-order polynomial degree of [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] for both of the semi and fully-discrete schemes are derived. Numerical experiment also validates our theoretical convergence analysis.
SHIFTED LEGENDRE FRACTIONAL PSEUDO-SPECTRAL INTEGRATION MATRICES FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND ABEL’S INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
Authors: ABDELHAKEM M.
Published: September 2023

Shifted Legendre polynomials (SLPs) with the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator have been used to create a novel fractional integration tool. This tool will be called the fractional shifted Legendre integration matrix (FSL B-matrix). Two algorithms depending on this matrix are designed to solve two different types of integral equations. The first algorithm is to solve fractional Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs) with a non-singular kernel. The second algorithm is for Abel’s integral equations. In addition, error analysis for the spectral expansion has been proven to ensure the expansion’s convergence. Finally, several examples have been illustrated, including an application for the population model.
BIFURCATION, PHASE PORTRAIT, CHAOTIC PATTERN AND TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTION OF THE FRACTIONAL PERTURBED CHEN–LEE–LIU MODEL WITH BETA TIME-SPACE DERIVATIVE IN FIBER OPTICS
Authors: LI ZHAO
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the fractional perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu model with beta time-space derivative is under consideration. First, the traveling wave transformation is applied to transform the fractional perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu model into two-dimensional planar dynamic systems. Second, the bifurcation of the dynamics system of the fractional perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu model with beta time-space derivative is discussed by using the theory of the plane dynamics systems. Finally, the traveling wave solutions of the fractional perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu model are obtained via the analysis method of planar dynamical system.
FRACTIONAL MODEL OF BRINKMAN-TYPE NANOFLUID FLOW WITH FRACTIONAL ORDER FOURIER’S AND FICK’S LAWS
Authors: MURTAZA SAQIB , KUMAM POOM , AHMAD ZUBAIR , SITTHITHAKERNGKIET KANOKWAN , SUTTHIBUTPONG THANA
Published: September 2023

Nanofluids are used to achieve maximum thermal performance with the smallest concentration of nanoparticles and stable suspension in conventional fluids. The effectiveness of nanofluids in convection processes is significantly influenced by their increased thermophysical characteristics. Based on the characteristics of nanofluids, this study examines generalized Brinkman-type nanofluid flow in a vertical channel. Three different types of ultrafine solid nanoparticles such as GO, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are dispersed uniformly in regular water to form nanofluid.  Partial differential equations (PDEs) are used to model the phenomena. Fick’s and Fourier’s laws of fractional order were then used to formulate the generalized mathematical model. The exact solution of the generalized mathematical model has been obtained by the joint use of Fourier sine and the Laplace transform (LT) techniques. The obtained solution is represented in Mittag-Leffler function. To analyze the behavior of fluid flow, heat and mass distribution in fluid, the obtained solution was computed numerically and then plotted in response to different physical parameters. It is worth noting from the analysis that the heat transfer efficiency of regular water has been improved by 25% by using GO nanoparticles, 23.98% by using [Formula: see text], and 20.88% by using [Formula: see text].
NEW EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE LOCAL FRACTIONAL MODIFIED EQUAL WIDTH-BURGERS EQUATION ON THE CANTOR SETS
Authors: WANG KANG-JIA
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a new fractal modified equal width-Burgers equation (MEWBE) with the local fractional derivative (LFD) for the first time. By defining the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF) on the Cantor set (CS), two special functions, namely, the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] functions, are derived for constructing the auxiliary function to seek the non-differentiable (ND) exact solutions. And 16 groups of the ND exact solutions are successfully established. The solutions on the CS are depicted graphically to interpret the nonlinear dynamic behaviors. Furthermore, the comparative results of the fractal MEWBE and the classical MEWBE are also discussed. The obtained results confirm that the proposed method is effective and powerful, and can provide a promising way to find the ND exact solutions of the local fractional PDEs.
A FRACTAL MODEL FOR THE TUNNELING-INDUCED GROUND SURFACE SETTLEMENT
Authors: MEI YUAN , TIAN XINYU , LI XUEJUAN , HE CHUN-HUI , ALSOLAMI ABDULRAHMAN ALI
Published: September 2023

The Gaussian function was initially adopted to model the tunneling-induced ground surface settlement, but it could not describe the porosity’s effect on the settlement. To solve the problem, Yu’s fractal theory is implemented to model the porous grand’s geometric property, and the surface settlement profile is modeled by a fractal solitary wave, furthermore, the effects of the maximal surface settlement, the porosity and Yu’s fractal dimension on the settlement’s profile are discussed. The new model offers a new view to predict the morphology of the surface settlement.
ON THE GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF THE FRACTAL GARDNER EQUATION
Authors: WANG KANG-JIA
Published: September 2023

The fractal calculus has gained more widespread attention in the last years. The fractal variational principle plays a major role in the fractal travelling wave theory of the fractal PDEs. This paper develops the fractal generalized variational principle (GVP) of the fractal Gardner equation by virtue of the Semi-inverse method (SIM) for the first time. On the other hand, we also discuss and verify the fractal GVP via the fractal two-scale transform (FTST) from another dimension field. The extracted fractal GVP shows the conservation laws through the energy form in the fractal space, and can be manipulated to explore the fractal solitary wave properties.
MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF HARD-FACED INCONEL 718 ON STAINLESS STEEL 321
Authors: KARPAGARAJ A. , SARALA R. , MANIVANNAN S. , GEJENDHIRAN S. , BABU S. , DHANUSURAMAN RAGUPATHY
Published: September 2023

In this work, the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding process is used for depositing the Inconel 718 over the base substrate of Stainless steel 321. The optimal welding conditions like 50% overlap, Direct Current (DC) plus mode with a pulse on time (1–5 s), frequency (0.25–1 Hz), peak current (120 A), base currents (60% of peak current), and speed (150–350 mm/min) are used for the successful hard-facing. The quality of the hard-facing is analyzed by conducting microstructural studies, tensile tests, microhardness, wear behavior, and electrochemical studies. Post-processing for wear and electrochemical studies is done by Scanning Electron Microscope SEM–EDX analysis. Microstructural studies revealed the presence of columnar dendrites and equiaxed at the top of the hard-faced layer. Hard-faced layer depicts the highest ultimate tensile strength of 772 N/mm2 with an elongation of 31.50% due to the support of Nickel components. The presence of the voids and dimples is identified from the SEM fractography. The maximum hardness value of 212 HV[Formula: see text] is measured at the top of the hard face layer. The microhardness of the hard-faced layer increased by 17.77% higher than its base substrate. Because of the hard precipitates and higher microhardness made by the weld thermal cycle, the hard-face layer showed maximum Co-efficient of Friction (CoF) of 0.540. Debris and grooves are found with the SEM examination of the wear specimens. Higher impedance offers better corrosion resistance to the hard-faced layer Inconel 718. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Niobium contents at the hard-faced layer. These elements silently support better corrosion resistance compared to the base substrate of Stainless steel 321.
The Effects of Personal Taxes and Default Risk on Bond Duration
Authors: Xie Yan Alice , Han Dan , Qi Howard
Published: September 2023

Using the structural approach to derive tax-adjusted duration for defaultable bonds under stochastic interest rate process, we thoroughly investigate the effects of personal taxes, default risk, and their interaction on bond duration. The simulation results show that default risk reduces duration, while personal taxes increase duration. Premium amortization and discount accretion further enhance the positive impact of personal taxes on duration. The interactive effect of default risk and personal taxes on duration depends on which effect dominates. Also, the tax effect on duration changes with bond features, bond issuers’ debt policy, and interest rate level. Our empirical results validate the positive tax effect on duration by showing that duration of corporate bonds is significantly longer than that of municipal counterparts with the same credit rating, coupon rate, and maturity. Our study provides timely information on how to accurately measure interest rate risk under the current circumstance that interest rate is increasing substantially from the low level and personal taxes are expected to increase.
Dynamic Response and Running Safety of High-Speed Railway Train–Track–Bridge System Under Near-Fault Pulse-Type Ground Motion
Authors: Wu Sirun , Guo Wei , Jiang Lizhong , Yu Zhiwu , Zeng Chen , Wang Yang , Shao Pin , Huang Renqiang , Yang Shun , Liang Guangyue , He Xuen , Ye Bailong
Published: September 2023

The pulse effect of near-fault ground motion has asevere threat to high-speed railway train running on bridge. Current research generally relies on numerical simulation and lacks physical test data. In this paper, a scale indoor physical test of high-speed train running on bridge is conducted and dynamic characteristics of high-speed railway train–track–bridge system under near-fault pulse-type ground motion are explored. The bridge of the physical test is excited by shaking table with lateral inputs of near-fault pulse-type ground motion, pulse-free ground motion and far-field ground motion. A corresponding numerical model is established and validated by the test data. Then, the influence regularities of pulse effect on system dynamic response and running safety indexes are explored under different peak ground acceleration (PGA) and train speeds using data of the physical tests and the numerical simulation comprehensively. Results suggest that compared to the near-fault pulse-free ground motion and the far-field ground motion, the near-fault pulse-type ground motion leads to larger lateral beam displacement, lateral train acceleration, and running safety indexes in different degrees. And from the data results of this paper, its lateral wheel–rail force and derailment coefficient are the first to break through the limit values. By studying the parameter sensitivity of lateral train acceleration, it was found that under the near-fault pulse-type ground motion, the lateral train acceleration is significantly more sensitive to changes of train speed and PGA. From the perspective of energy, the near-fault pulse-type ground motion results in spectrum intensity (SI) indexes which are larger and improve faster with the increase of PGA than other ground motions. This indicates that it inputs significantly more energy into the high-speed railway train–track–bridge system, although it may not excite larger lateral beam acceleration.
Some results on S-Laskerian modules
Authors: Visweswaran S.
Published: September 2023

The rings considered in this paper are commutative with identity and the modules considered here are modules over commutative rings and are unitary. Let [Formula: see text] be a ring and let [Formula: see text] be a multiplicatively closed subset (m.c. subset) of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a module over [Formula: see text]. We say that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-Laskerian (respectively, strongly [Formula: see text]-Laskerian) if [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-finite [Formula: see text]-module and for any submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], either [Formula: see text] or there exist [Formula: see text] (depending on [Formula: see text]) and an [Formula: see text]-decomposable (respectively, a strongly [Formula: see text]-decomposable) submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. (The concept of an [Formula: see text]-decomposable (respectively, a strongly [Formula: see text]-decomposable) submodule is defined in the introduction.) The aim of this paper is to discuss some basic properties of [Formula: see text]-Laskerian modules.
IntelligentFaceNet: Designing a multi-cascaded attentive and adaptive deep learning network for facial recognition using heuristic approach
Authors: Manoharan Giriprasad
Published: September 2023

One of the significant application of robot vision technique that serves in biometric verification systems is Face Recognition (FR) technology. However, the effectiveness of the model is affected by disturbance from the real-world environment, including alterations in lighting, facial occlusion, and fluctuation in poses. Even though the recognition of faces has gained popularity due to the variety of applications, it still remains a complicated task to recognize because of an enormous variety of biometric data features. In the past few years, FR technology has seen a lot of development in this area of biometric and computer vision-oriented applications. The most important steps in creating an accurate FR system are the extraction of features and the categorization of these extracted features. The conventional method of feature extraction includes frequency domain features or the Eigenface technique. However, they are not robust to altering external factors like occlusion, illumination, and posture. Using deep learning techniques, a unique approach to address this problem in FR is suggested to recognize faces successfully. The images are aggregated in the initial phase. It is then uploaded to the Viola–Jones Face Detector tools to find the face. The detected face images are then subjected to the Adaptive Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (ADCGAN) to remove the occlusion from the facial images, where the parameters are subsequently optimized using the Modified Random Variable-based Galactic Swarm Optimizations (MRV-GSO) algorithm. The occlusion-removed face images are then given to the Multi-Cascaded Attentive and Adaptive Deep Learning Network (MCADN) model, where the outputs from the Dilated DenseNet and Residual Network (ResNet) are serially passed to the Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model forming the MCDAN. The MRV-GSO algorithm is performed to tune the hyperparameters in the MCADN model to produce the final recognized facial images. As a result of conducting several experimental studies, it is proved that the generated model outperformed standard approaches in terms of effective recognition rate.
Lower bound estimation for a family of high-dimensional sparse covariance matrices
Authors: Li Huimin , Liu Youming
Published: September 2023

Lower bound estimation plays an important role for establishing the minimax risk. A key step in lower bound estimation is deriving a lower bound of the affinity between two probability measures. This paper provides a simple method to estimate the affinity between mixture probability measures. Then we apply the lower bound of the affinity to establish the minimax lower bound for a family of sparse covariance matrices, which contains Cai–Ren–Zhou’s theorem in [T. Cai, Z. Ren and H. Zhou, Estimating structured high-dimensional covariance and precision matrices: Optimal rates and adaptive estimation, Electron. J. Stat. 10(1) (2016) 1–59] as a special example.
Vibration Instability of a Rotor in Axial-Field Permanent Magnet Motors with a Foundation Movement
Authors: Xia Chunhua , Wang Shiyu , Wang Jixiang , Wei Zhenhang
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the effects of a foundation movement on the vibration instability of axial-field permanent magnet motors (AFPMM). Different from previous studies focusing on the effects of the rotor’s rotation on its vibration instability, this paper introduces a revolution around a space axis as the foundation movement and investigates its effect on the vibration characteristics of the rotor. For an annular rotor with this foundation movement and a rotation around an axis passing through its own geometrical center, a dynamic model is established in this paper. Magnet-field-synchronous frame is introduced to describe the out-of-plane displacement. Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin method are involved to obtain dynamic mode. Closed-form expressions of eigenvalues and the boundaries of flutter and divergent instabilities are determined. The analytical results claim that the instabilities can be suppressed. Particularly, the divergent instabilities can even be eliminated by adjusting combinations of parameters. To verify the results, the stability analyses and numerical calculations regarding the revolution are given for a sample AFPMM revolving around a space axis at different speeds. Based on these analytical boundaries, the unstable regions of a sample motor with different parameter combinations are plotted in terms of foundation movement, which can be used to suppress the vibration instabilities with the design of parameters such as rotation speed, web thickness, magnetization thickness, air-gap length and remanence. Six states of instabilities are summarized as a guidance to determine the range of the stable operation of the motor.