bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Обоснование режимов градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля на листья табака в процессе их переработки
Authors: Виневский Евгений Иванович , Чернов Александр Владимирович
Published: August 2021

Изучалась возможность применения градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля на растительное сырье, так как существуют гипотезы, что вода в нем при его обработке приобретает биологическую активность. Однако исследования по обоснованию его режимов, влияющих на изменение скорости удаления влаги из растительного сырья в процессе его переработки, не проводились. Целью исследований являлось обоснование режимов градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля на листья табака, влияющих на процесс их сушки. Разработана методика проведения исследований и лабораторная установка по изучению влияния режимов градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля на изменение относительной массы листьев табака в процессе сушки. Выдвинута рабочая гипотеза, что в зависимости от частоты и продолжительности градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля скорость удаления влаги из табачных листьев может снижаться или увеличиваться. Установлено, что градиентное воздействие постоянного магнитного поля на среднюю жилку табачных листьев при высоте расположения магнитов Н = 65 мм оказывает разностороннее воздействие на процесс сушки. При частоте воздействия 0,178 Гц и продолжительности обработки 11,2 сек процесс сушки затормаживается, а при частоте воздействия 0,178 Гц и продолжительности обработки 44,8 сек процесс сушки листьев ускоряется. При высоте расположения магнитов Н = 25 мм наблюдалась тенденция ускорения процесс сушки на 28,8 % (частота воздействия 0,357 Гц; продолжительность обработки 112сек). Дисперсионный анализ результатов экспериментальных исследований позволил установить, что продолжительность эффекта от градиентного воздействия повышается как с увеличением его частоты, так и продолжительности. Максимальный эффект обработки получен при градиентном воздействии постоянного магнитного поля на среднюю жилку табачного листа с частотой 0,357 Гц и продолжительности обработки 112сек.
Оптимизация рецептуры мороженого методом симплекс-решетчатого планирования
Authors: Демина Екатерина Николаевна , Березина Наталья Александровна , Казаков Андрей Владимирович
Published: August 2021

Мороженое является продуктом с многокомпонентным составом, технология его производства позволяет использовать разнообразные виды сырья – молочные компоненты, плодоовощные наполнители, стабилизаторы-эмульгаторы, вкусоароматические вещества и др. Создание рецептуры обогащенного мороженого с использованием традиционных математических методов является сложной задачей. Перспективным направлением служит использование компьютерных средств метаматематического моделирования, в частности метода симплекс-решетчатого планирования. В настоящей работе представлены исследования по оптимизации рецептуры мороженого с использованием белковых обогатителей – амарантового жмыха и сывороточного белка. На первом этапе работы было проведено симплекс-решетчатое планирование эксперимента, в соответствии с которым вырабатывали модельные композиции с различным сочетанием молочных ингредиентов и белкового обогатителя. Определение органолептических показателей качества выработанных образцов и взбитости модельных композиций осуществлялось на втором этапе. Полученные результаты послужили основой для построения математических зависимостей  исследуемых параметров на третьем этапе работы. По результатам обработки графиков «состав-свойство» для органолептической оценки  и физико-химических показателей и оптимизации с помощью Excel найдены оптимальные соотношения молока сухого, молока сгущенного, амарантового жмыха и белковой добавки в смеси для мороженого. Для мороженого с амарантовым жмыхом содержание молока сухого составило 4,4 %, молока сгущенного 9,5 %, белковой добавки – 1,5 % к общей массе смеси. Смесь для мороженого обогащенного сывороточным белком включала 8,7 % сухого молока, 5,1 % сгущенного молока 1,3 % белковой добавки. На четвертом этапе проведена комплексная оценка качества готовых продуктов, которая свидетельствует о том, что полученное мороженое характеризуется хорошими органолептическими показателями, имеет высокую взбитость и полноценный состав основных пищевых компонентов. Мороженое, обогащенное сывороточным белком и амарантовым жмыхом, обладает высокими показателями биологической ценности - 61,92 % и 58,56 % соответственно, по сравнению с контрольным образцом. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что  оптимизация рецептуры мороженого с применением компьютерного моделирования позволяет получить готовый продукт стандартного качества. Симплекс-решетчатое планирование способствует проведению большого объема вычислений за короткий промежуток времени и получению рецептурной смеси с использованием различных сырьевых компонентов для обогащения традиционных молочных продуктов.
Перспективы применения растений рода Psoralea в медицине, фармации и в качестве сельхозсырья
Authors: Степанова Элеонора Федоровна , Ярковой Максим Андреевич , Петров Александр Юрьевич , Струсовская Ольга Геннадьевна
Published: August 2021

Обзорная статья включает литературные сведения за последние десять лет о растениях рода Psoralea, семейства бобовые (Fabaceae (Liguminosae)), которое насчитывает около 500 родов, входит в число крупнейших семейств цветковых растений и занимает третье место после Orchidaceae и Asteraceae. В настоящее время род Psoralea включает по разным сведениям от 105  до 130 видов. Несмотря на то, что некоторые виды ядовиты, растения рода Psoralea можно использовать в качестве пищевого продукта. Пищевой потенциал заключается, в основном, в значительном содержании в корнях некоторых видов растений крахмала (более 70%). Измельченные корни применяют для выпечки хлеба, кондитерских изделий, приготовления супов и каш. Из листьев и молодых побегов готовят прохладительные тонизирующие напитки или используют как заменитель чая. Из корней и стеблей некоторых видов получают прочное волокно, из семян –ароматное масло. Антибактериальные свойства экстрактов растений семейства позволяют их применение  в качестве консервантов, а жмых, богатый азотом и минералами, используют в качестве корма для скота или в качестве удобрений.В настоящее время в растениях рода Psoralea обнаружено  более 291 химических соединений. Экстрактивные соединения  псоралеи обладают  антимикробной, эстрогенной, противоопухолевой, антиоксидантной, противомикробной, антидепрессантной, противовоспалительной, остеобластной и гепатопротекторной  активностью. Применение различных частей растения эффективно в терапии астмы, экземы, диареи, при импотенции, нарушении менструального цикла и маточных кровотечениях. Исторически сложившееся, и считающееся основным, является фотосенсибилизирующее действие биологически активных соединений растений рода Psoralea, которое используют в терапии псориаза, лейкодермы, аллопеции и лепры. Культивирование растений рода Psoralea затруднено неудовлетворительной всхожестью семян и высокой смертностью проростков. Альтернативным способом, позволяющим избежать перечисленных проблем, сохранить исчезающие растения рода, может стать биотехнологический метод, позволяющий не только решить задачу ускоренного производства высококачественного посадочного материала сельскохозяйственных, лесных и декоративных культур, но и проблему получения биологически активных веществ растительного происхождения для современной медицины и фармации.
Напитки на основе продуктов переработки сахарного тростника
Authors: Карпенко Дмитрий Валерьевич , Дышекова Милана Мухамедовна
Published: August 2021

Одним из последствий глобализации как основной тенденции последних десятилетий является возрастание интереса потребителей определенного региона или страны к продуктам, в частности, напиткам, которые ранее локально не пользовались широкой популярностью. В статье приведена информация о напитках безалкогольных и алкогольных различной крепости, полученных из продуктов переработки сахарного тростника, представлен типичный химический состав данного виды сырья. Основное внимание уделено классификации кашасы и рома, технологическим стадиям процессов их производства, параметрам проведения этих стадий и их влиянию на потребительские характеристики этих напитков. Дана краткая история кашасы и рома, приведены сведения об их доле в сегменте крепких алкогольных напитков на мировом рынке. Отмечается, что принципы технологий кашасы и рома аналогичны, но может различаться последовательность проведения стадий производственного процесса. Подчеркнута роль вторичных дрожжевых метаболитов, накапливающихся при сбраживании сусла, в формировании качества готовых напитков, приведены основные группы этих соединений и их представители, их влияние на органолептические характеристики напитков брожения. Приведена информация о родах и видах микроорганизмов, развивающихся в процессе ферментации сусла при производстве кашасы и рома. Указана возможность использования различного оборудования для дистилляции сброженного сусла и организации этого процесса. В заключении отмечено, что в Российской Федерации целесообразно совершенствование технологии, в первую очередь, рома, например, за счет переработки нетрадиционного сахарсодержащего сырья.
Оценка адекватности кинематических зависимостей зернового слоя в вибропитателе
Authors: Рындин Александр Алексеевич , Стрелюхина Алла Николаевна , Мачихин Сергей Александрович , Сорокина Юлия Александровна
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена практической части исследований послойного движения зернового потока по рабочему органу вибрационного сепаратора -питающему лотку, выполненному в виде наклонной поверхности с рифлями переменной высоты, вдоль линии наибольшего ската. Рабочему органу сообщаются поступательные гармонические колебания, направленные перпендикулярно установленным рифлям. Приведены результаты проверки адекватности и траектории зернового слоя, вычисленных с использованием математических, предложенных авторами, и экспериментальных значений.Представлены результаты исследования влияния частоты колебания рабочего органа на траекторию и скорость движения частиц верхнего и нижнего слоев зерновой смеси.
An Explainable approach to Deep Learning from CT-scans for Covid Identification
Authors: Soares Eduardo , Angelov Plamen , Zhang Ziyang
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 disease has spread widely over the whole world since the beginning of 2020. Following the epidemic which started in Wuhan, China on January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency and a pandemic. Researchers of different disciplines work along with public health officials to understand the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and jointly with the policymakers urgently develop strategies to control the spread of this new disease. Recent findings have observed specific image patterns from computed tomography (CT) for patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 which are distinct from the other pulmonary diseases. In this paper, we propose an explainable-by-design that has an integrated image segmentation mechanism based on SLIC that improves the algorithm performance and the interpretability of the resulting model. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, we used the SARS-CoV-2 CT scan dataset that we published recently and has been widely used in the literature. The proposed Super-xDNN could obtain statistically better results than traditional deep learning approaches as DenseNet-201 and Resnet-152. Furthermore, it also improved the explainability and interpretability of its decision mechanism when compared with the xDNN basis approach that uses the whole image as prototype. The segmentation mechanism of Super-xDNN favored a decision structure that is more close to the human logic. Moreover, it also allowed the provision of new insights as a heat-map which highlights the areas with highest similarities with Covid-19 prototypes, and an estimation of the area affected by the disease.
Machine Learning Computer Vision Applications for Spatial AI Object Recognition in Orange County, California
Authors: Alexandridis Kostas
Published: August 2021

We provide an integrated and systematic automation approach to spatial object recognition and positional detection using AI machine learning and computer vision algorithms for Orange County, California. We describe a comprehensive methodology for multi-sensor, high-resolution field data acquisition, along with post-field processing and pre-analysis processing tasks. We developed a series of algorithmic formulations and workflows that integrate convolutional deep neural network learning with detected object positioning estimation in 360 degree equirectancular photosphere imagery. We provide examples of application processing more than 800 thousand cardinal directions in photosphere images across two areas in Orange County, and present detection results for stop-sign and fire hydrant object recognition. We discuss the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach, along with broader inferences related to the performance and implications of this approach for future technological innovations, including automation of spatial data and public asset inventories, and near real-time AI field data systems.
Estimation of Photovoltaic Cell Parameters Using Measurement Data of Photovoltaic Module String Currents and Voltages
Authors: Hara Shigeomi , Douzono Hiroshi , Imamura Makoto
Published: August 2021

Photovoltac (PV) models play an important role in the simulation analysis and fault diagnosis of PV systems. The
single diode model (SDM) is the most frequently used model in research and applications. There are numerous proposed methods to identify the SDM parameters. However, the characteristics of PV cells alter during the lifetime in normal operating environments; these variations may be due to degradation, faults, dust, weed, and so on. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate the actual parameters of the PV cells that represent those present state. The contribution of this study is to propose a method to estimate PV cell parameters on the basis of the measurement data regarding the currents and voltages of the PV module strings. A PV string model is described on the basis of the adaptive SDM for the PV cells in the system, and the parameters of each cell model are obtained by minimizing the difference between the measured string voltages and the string voltages computed by the model. The application of the proposed method to real data measured in a PV power plant is also presented to evaluate the proposed method.
Theoretical Performance Bounds of Model-Based Electrocardiogram Parameter Estimation
Authors: Sameni Reza , Fattahi Davood
Published: August 2021

Objective: Clinical parameter estimation from the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recurrent field of research. It is debated that ECG parameter estimation performed by human experts and machines/algorithms is always model-based (implicitly or explicitly). Therefore, depending on the selected data-model, the adopted estimation scheme (least-squares error, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian), and the prior assumptions on the model parameters and noise distributions, any estimation algorithm used in this context has an upper performance bound, which is not exceedable (for the same model and assumptions).

Method: In this research, we develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for ECG parameter estimation and derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for the most popular signal models used in the ECG modeling literature; namely bases expansions (including polynomials) and sum of Gaussian functions.

Results: The developed framework is evaluated over real and synthetic data, for three popular applications: T/R ratio estimation, ST-segment analysis and QT-interval estimation, using the state-of-the-art estimators in each context, and compared with the derived theoretical CRLBs.

Conclusion and Significance: The proposed framework and the derived CRLBs provide fact-based guidelines for the selection of data-models, sampling frequency (beyond the Nyquist requirements), modeling segment length, the number of beats required for average ECG beat extraction, and other factors that influence the accuracy of ECG-based clinical parameter estimation.
Checking the Accuracy of Siitperf
Authors: Lencse Gábor
Published: August 2021

Siitperf is the world’s first free software RFC 8219 compliant SIIT (Stateless IP/ICMP Translation, also called as Stateless NAT64) tester, which implements throughput, frame loss rate, latency and packet delay variation tests. In this paper, we show that the reliability of its results mainly depends on the accuracy of the timing of its frame sender algorithm. We also investigate the effect of Ethernet flow control on the measurement results. Siitperf is calibrated by the comparison of its results with that of a commercial network performance tester, when both of them are used for determining the throughput of the IPv4 routing of the Linux kernel.
Enhancing the operational efficiency of quantum random number generators
Authors: Márton Botond L. , Istenes Dóra , Bacsárdi László
Published: August 2021

Random numbers are of vital importance in today’s world and used for example in many cryptographical protocols to secure the communication over the internet. The generators producing these numbers are Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) or True Random Number Generators (TRNGs). A subclass of TRNGs are the Quantum based Random Number Generators (QRNGs) whose generation processes are based on quantum phenomena. However, the achievable quality of the numbers generated from a practical implementation can differ from the theoretically possible. To ease this negative effect post-processing can be used, which contains the use of extractors. They extract as much entropy as possible from the original source and produce a new output with better properties. The quality and the different properties of a given output can be measured with the help of statistical tests. In our work we examined the effect of different extractors on two QRNG outputs and found that witg the right extractor we can improve their quality.
An Enhanced Impulsive Noise Suppression Method Based on Wavelet Denoising and ICA for Power Line Communication
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Zhongqiang , Xiong Xingzhong , Deng Kai
Published: August 2021

Aiming at the problem of noise suppression in power lines, traditional noise suppression methods need to know prior knowledge and other defects. In this paper, blind source separation methods that do not need prior knowledge are selected. In the case of low signal-to-noise ratio, the basic independent component analysis algorithm has poor denoising effect. Therefore, this paper proposes a joint independent component analysis algorithm based on Wavelet denoising and Power independent component analysis (WD-PowerICA). In this work, firstly, the pseudo observation signal is constructed by weighted processing, and the blind separation model of single channel is transformed into a multi-channel determined model. Then, the proposed WD-PowerICA algorithm is used to separate noise and source signals. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in this paper can effectively separate noise and source signal under low SNR. At the same time, the stronger the α pulse noise is, the closer the WD-PowerICA separated signal is to the source signal. The proposed algorithm is better than the state of the art PowerICA algorithm.
Risk Management and Standard Compliance for Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems
Authors: Matta George , Chlup Sebastian , Shaaban Abdelkader Magdy , Schmittner Christoph , Pinzenöhler Andreas , Szalai Elke , Tauber Markus
Published: August 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies are increasingly implemented in the form of Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) for the railway sector. In order to satisfy the security requirements of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), domainspecific risk identification assessment procedures have been developed. Threat modelling is one of the most commonly used methods for threat identification for the security analysis of CPSoS and is capable of targeting various domains. This paper reports our experience of using a risk management framework identify the most critical security vulnerabilities in CPSoS in the domain and shows the broader impact this work can have on the domain of safety and security management. Moreover, we emphasize the application of common analytical methods for cyber-security based on international industry standards to identify the most vulnerable assets. These will be applied to a meta-model for automated railway systems in the concept phase to support the development and deployment of these systems. Furthermore, it is the first step to create a secure and standard complaint system by design.
Assessment of antimitotic and programmed cell death stimulation potentials of Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne) Boiss. at cellular level
Authors: Sobieh Dr/ Shaimaa Selmi
Published: August 2021

Galium sinaicum is a wild medicinal plant in saint Catherine, Egypt. To distinguish apoptotic effect of G. sinaicum ethanol extract (GsEE), we examined the role of GsEE in inducing programmed cell death (PCD) of Allium cepa root meristematic cell (AcR). Cells was subjected to GsEE in definite concentrations (0.1,0.3, 0.5%) and duration (6, 12h), then PCD induction was assessed. Application of GsEE arrested the mitotic division of AcR with metaphase accumulation. Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated ultrastructural alterations of organelles verifying PCD hallmarks. Protein electrophoresis analysis of AcR revealed a change in protein profile of Allium cepa root, also quantitative analysis showed significant increase in nuclease activity enzymes that stimulated DNA laddering fragmentation. Additionally, cell proliferation of MCF-7 and BHK21 was arrested by GsEE. Apoptotic effect of G. sinaicum may be attributed to the presence of potent phenolic compounds such as querectin and rutin as established by HPLC phenolic fingerprint analysis.
EFL Teacher's Perception on Reading Strategies Taught in High Schools
Authors: Fitri Dian Indrianis , Ginting Daniel
Published: August 2021

While reading activity is a complex phenomenon, recent research on reading strategies has not provided comprehensive explanation of the role and perceptions of teachers regarding appropriate reading strategies helping students with learning difficulties. This paper is aimed to provide a sketch of the teacher's views and strategies to facilitate students with appropriate reading strategies.  EFL teachers have different kinds of reading strategies applied in the classrooms.  This study has found that three groups of teachers teaching in excellent accredited public schools, good accredited public school and very good Islamic private school use various strategies during the teaching of reading. Teachers' perceptions on the teaching of reading strategies are closely related to their readiness with knowledge about reading strategies, students' reading problems and their belief. This study suggests that EFL teachers and future researchers need to continuously investigate effective teaching of reading skill in relation to students' reading strategies.
The correlation between students' reading and listening score in a standardized test of TOEFL
Authors: Safitri Mega , Wulyani Anik Nunuk , Suharyadi Suharyadi
Published: August 2021

This study aimed at analyzing the correlation between reading and listening in TOEFL ITP test and how much reading predicts listening. It involved 50,684 reading and listening scores in 2015-2019 test periods of undergraduate students in one of the state universities in Malang. The data were collected by using standardized TOEFL ITP issued by ETS. Using Pearson Correlation Product Moment and linear regression analysis, the result demonstrated reading and listening had significant, linear, and strong correlation (.682), and reading significantly predicted 46.5% variance of listening. The results lead to the hypothesis that two language input skills, reading and listening significantly correlated and predicted one another. The result also suggested that correlation language skills not only occurred among reading and writing and listening and speaking, but also it happened in reading and listening. Moreover, the results suggested the combination of reading and listening activities in classroom activities.
The Liquid Phase Deposition of ZnPtBNs: Study on Structural, Morphology, and Their Sheet-Resistant
Authors: Umar Marjoni Imamora Ali , Mardiani Mardiani , Mawarnis Elvy Rahmi , Umar Akrajas Ali
Published: August 2021

This paper reports ZnPt bimetallic nanoparticles (ZnPtBNs) synthesis through the liquid phase deposition (LPD) of of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O onto the indium-titanium oxide (ITO) substrates at various concentrations. The Effects of growth solution, the morphology, structural, and sheet resistance were studied. After preparation, the materials were characterized by using field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Four Point Probe (FPP) measurement by using Keithley 2401 source-meter. By inserting a growth solution into the ITO substrate the ZnPtBNs was successfully in-situ prepared. The synthesized ZnPtBNs exhibited homogeneous, fibrous at the (111) orientation with an average diameter of 100-700 nm. The atomic ratio of Zn:Pt and sheet resistance of ZnPtBNs decreased with the increase of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O concentration. The optimal elemental composition of the sample was at a ratio of Zn:Pt (1:25) obtained at 0.467 mM of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O. It showed the smallest sheet resistance (13.41 ?) which was 38% lower than the ITO sheet resistance (18.44 ?).
Comparative Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cultivars of Catharanthus roseus L. {G.} Don on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans
Authors: Musyimi David Mutisya , Namnabah Marble Namarobe
Published: August 2021

Medicinal plants have served as sources of medicine to treat and suppress the diseases, because many pathogens are gaining resistance to the current synthetic drugs. In addition, high cost and adverse side effects are commonly associated with popular Synthetic drugs. Therefore, there is need for continuous search for new drugs in order to overcome this emerging resistance. Plants synthesize bioactive compounds which are of great potential in agriculture, antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each plant species depends on the environmental conditions, age of the plant, relative humidity of harvested materials and method of extraction. Little is known on the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus ethanol extracts. The leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars were investigated for their phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya. Plant Leaves were collected around Maseno University. Leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were air-dried in the shade, thereafter crushed into powder and ethanol extraction done using the Rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic microorganisms was Candida albicans and Escherichia coli.  Disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial tests. concentrations of ethanol leaf extracts consisted of 2.5, 5and 7.5 mg/mL with three replications.  Data on growth inhibition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols except steroids and glycosides. The ethanol leaf extracts were active against Candida albicans and and Escherichia coli. Alba leaves extracts showed higher inhibitory zones compared to Rosea leaves. The observed differences in antimicrobial activity could be due to differences in cell wall synthesis, structure and composition. The results of present study further confirm the use of these plants traditionally for the treatment of different ailments.
Iron(II) reactions with glycine – suitable biomineralization model?
Authors: Mitaľová Katarína , Valigura Dušan
Published: August 2021

The reactions of Mohr’s salt with amino acid glycine in aqueous solution and aerobic conditions were studied and obtained samples consist of different compounds. The obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and the iron determination also and exhibited very low organic matter content – the sum of N, C, H and S content less than 20 % and Fe content around 40 %. Prepared samples consist of iron(II) amino acid complex [Fe(glyH)(SO4)]n, known as iron food supplement (FeGS) as the only sulphur containing compound. Its content varies from 26 % up to 46 %. Ferrous glycinate was obtained in the samples collected initially after the reaction in very low content < 7 %. Iron(III) hydroxy-oxide FeO(OH) was obtained in the range 40 – 65 %. The FeO(OH) content increased with the decreasing FeGS content. Formation of inorganic FeO(OH) suggest the ongoing redox reaction under aerobic condition therefore, it is suggested as a biomineralization reaction model.
Typical Moroccan goat Lactic Acid Bacteria and their assay as starters
Authors: Zaaraoui Linda , Bouksaim Abdellah , Elhamdani Maha , Benali Aouatif , Oukassou Mohammed , Ounine Khadija , Bouksaim Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The knowledge of lactic acid bacteria of raw milk and the main factors affecting their variability are particularly important issues for the control of cheese processing and the bioconservation of farm raw milk food products. The present research study concerned the isolation and identification of twenty strains of the Lactobacillus genus from goat milk originating from the Oulmes region, using the API 50 CH system. All isolates found represented five species: Lactobacillus plantarum (43.75 %), Lactobacillus brevis (37.75 %), Lactobacillus pentosus (6.25 %), Lactobacillus salivarus (6.25 %), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (6.25 %). According to biochemical activities, the majority of the strains displayed weak acidification and autolysis activities in milk. In contrast, they showed high extracellular proteolytic activity. All isolates produced exopolysaccharides and most of them could metabolize citrate. The absence of hemolytic activity may suggest the use of these isolates as adjunct starters in the food fermentation process.
Growth and quality parameters of Tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Sarkar Animesh , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Sarkar Jayanto Kumar , Rashid Md H. , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Sarkar Jayanto Kumar , Alam Mahabub , Rashid Md H.
Published: August 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation not only increases the growth but also improves the quality of many commercial plants.  Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants were grown on different growth medium (with and without AMF inoculation) and the chemical properties of the leaves were assayed and compared. The growth media were sterilized soil with AMF, sterilized soil, natural soil inoculated with AMF, natural soil, and natural soil in natural condition with AMF. The highest root colonization (23 %) was found in tea plants grown on natural soil with AMF, whereas no colonization was found in the sterilized soil treatment. The highest level of leaf chlorophyll-a (2.74±0.06 μg.mL-1), chlorophyll-b (1.77±0.03 μg.mL-1) and carotenoid (0.35±0.01 μg.mL-1) contents were found in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The highest polyphenol concentration (64.46 mg.L-1) was found in natural soil inoculated with AMF whereas the lowest (38.09 mg.L-1) was recorded in sterilized soil. The highest contents of tannin (30.34 mg.mL-1) and reducing sugar (46.61 mg.L-1) were recorded in plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF and the lowest values (21.22 mg.mL-1, 33.16 mg.L-1, respectively) in sterilized soil treatment. Though antioxidant properties (% scavenging effect) did not differed due to treatments, the highest IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) concentration (3.16 μg.mL-1) was recorded in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The study concludes that AMF inoculation improves the quality of tea leaves.
Recombinant DNA technology as a tool for improving production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by the natural producers
Authors: Chmelová Daniela , Legerská Barbora , Ondrejovič Miroslav
Published: August 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of the biodegradable polyesters, and represent an alternative to conventionally used petroleum-based plastics resistant to biodegradation. The production is not cost-competitive compared to conventional plastics, although, there are several bacterial producers capable of PHA accumulating up to 80 % of their cells dry weight using low-cost substrates. PHA production can be improved by transferring specific enzymes or entire metabolic pathways from the most efficient producers to other natural producers. Therefore, the review is focused on genetic modification of bacterial producers, namely the genera Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, Aeromonas and Bacillus, for efficient industrial production of PHAs. Recombinant PHA producer can use non-traditional substrates like agro-industrial wastes, namely whey, lignocellulose or glycerol. It is possible to influence the shape and size of the producer's cell by over-expression or knockout of selected genes or to affect its preference for a specific component of a culture medium by modulation of a producer's basal metabolism. The costs of PHA production still be reduced by simplifying the downstream process by enzymatic hydrolysis of selected parts of the cell or blocking the protective mechanisms of the cell against its autolysis caused by the ionic strength of the solution.
Thermodynamics and cooperativeness of the spin crossover
Authors: Boča Roman
Published: August 2021

Spin transition – a passage from the low-spin electronic state to the high-spin one of Fe(III) and Fe(II) complexes is assessed from several points of view: theoretical modelling, magnetic susceptibility data, and calorimetric measurements. The concept of the cooperativeness in the solid state is discussed in detail. Thermodynamic parameters are mutually correlated for a set of analogous Fe(III) complexes by using modern statistical methods.
The protective effect of the aqueous extract of Sida acuta BURM.F on lead nitrate-induced genotoxicity
Authors: Oyeyemi Ifeoluwa Temitayo
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the protective effective of Sida acuta leaf extracts against the genotoxic effect of lead nitrate, a toxic heavy metal that easily permeate the ecosystem. The genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of S. acuta on onion cells (Allium cepa L.) was evaluated using the Allium cepa L. assay. Onion bulbs were exposed to 0.25 – 2.5 mg.mL-1 concentrations of the plant extract for analyses of induction of cytogenetic damage. There was observeda concentration-dependent decrease in mitotic index of the A. cepa roots cells compared to the negative control. Lead nitrate significantly induced chromosomal aberration in A. cepa root cells. This effect, however, was significantly ameliorated by the S. acuta leaf extract. This effect was demonstrated by the lower frequency of chromosome aberrations in lead nitrate treated root cells after exposure to the extract. Furthermore, the extract restricted the extent of lead-induced cytological aberrations in A. cepa. The findings in this study suggested the mitodepressive, antiproliferative and anti-genotoxic potentials of the extract.
Stability of Salvia fruticosa Mill. polyphenols and antioxidant activity in a citrate-based natural deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Grigorakis Spyros , Halahlah Abedalghani , Makris Dmitris
Published: August 2021

In a previous study, it was demonstrated that a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES), composed of lactic acid and sodium citrate dibasic at a molar ratio of 15:1 (LA-SCDB15), was a high-performing system with regard to polyphenol extraction from the medicinal plant Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Greek or Cretan sage). However, an issue of particular importance that should be addressed is the stability of the extract in this novel liquid since the information available to-date on extract stability in DES is rather limited and inconclusive. In this frame, this study was undertaken to generate extracts of S. fruticosa with LA-SCDB15 (a 77/23 w/w mixture of DES with water) and examine their stability in this solvent. S. fruticosa extracts exhibited remarkable stability under both accelerated and long-term conditions, and the antiradical activity and the ferric-reducing power of the extracts were shown to suffer virtually trivial modifications. Further analytical examination with liquid chromatography-diode array-tandem mass spectrometry assured that the major polyphenolic phytochemicals occurring in Salvia fruticosa extracts underwent non-significant changes and remained practically intact. It was concluded that the neoteric DES LA-SCDB15 may provide outstanding stability in polyphenol-containing extracts and its testing on other plant extracts is proposed as a further step towards revealing its stabilizing potential.
PERBEDAAN TEKANAN DARAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TERPAPAR KEBISINGAN DI AREA FABRIKASI BAJA GRESIK TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ummah Rohmatul , . Winarko , . Rusmiati
Published: August 2021

Kebisingan sebagai suara yang tidak dikehendaki bersumber proses produksi dan atau alat-alat kerja yang pada tingkat tertentu dapat menimbulkan gangguan pendengaran (auditory) dan gangguan non pendengaran (non auditory). Gangguan non pendengaran (non auditory) salah satunya berupa peningkatan sistem kardiovaskuler yang dapat menyebabkan naiknya tekanan darah sistole dan diastole. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tekanan darah pekerja sebelum dan sesudah terpapar kebisingan di area fabrikasi baja Gresik.Rancang bangun penelitian ini termasuk jenis observasional dengan pendekatan waktu pengumpulann dilakukan secara cross sectional. Besar sampel sebanyak 28 pekerja diambail secara random dari 30 pekerja. Data dikupulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan pengukuran Data yang yang terkumpul diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS melalui uji T (Paired Sample T-Test) alpha 0,05.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas kebisingan di area fabrikasi baja melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) yaitu sebesar 85 dBA, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara tekanan darah sistole dan diastole sebelum terpapar kebisingan dengan tekanan darah sistole dan diastole sesudah terpapar kebisingan dengan nilai nilai P = 0,000 (P 0,05) dan secara diskriptif tekanan darah tidak memenuhi syarat dipengaruhi oleh umur dan masa kerja, sedangkan kebiasaan kebiasaan merokok dan minuman beralkohol tidak berpengaruh.     Disarankan kepada perusahaan untuk melakukan pengendalian sumber kebisingan dan mewanjibkankan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri  serta memberikan pelatihan dan penyuluhan kepada tenaga kerja mengenai kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja, mengingat tingkat kesadaran tenaga kerja mengenai pentingnya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja masih kurang.
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN TB PARU
Authors: Nur Aini AR Fitrya Ayu , . Setiawan , Hermiyanti Pratiwi
Published: August 2021

TB ditularkan melalui media udara ketika seseorang yang sakit TB batuk, bersin, berbicara atau meludah. Data Litbangkes, perokok mempunyai risiko menderita TB 3 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidak merokok. Penyakit TB Paru setiap tahunnya masuk kedalam 10 besar penyakit yang sering terjadi di masyarakat mengingat penyebaran penyakit TB Paru juga sangat cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan merokok dari penderita TB Paru.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur. Variabel yang diteliti adalah variabel bebas yaitu kebiasaan merokok dan variabel terikat yaitu kejadian TB Paru. Analisa data dilakukan dengan membandingkan beberapa literatur untuk dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel.Hasil studi literatur dapat dijelaskan bahwa kebiasaan merokok berpengaruh terhadap kejadian TB Paru. Menurut studi literatur, responden penderita TB Paru tidak bisa meninggalkan kebiasaan merokok, bahkan ada beberapa responden yang mengaku mengalami kegagalan dalam pengobatan TB Paru yang sudah dijalani selama berbulan-bulan karena tidak bisa berhenti merokok. Uji statistik dari 5 artikel yang menjadi bahan studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian TB Paru.Kesimpulan dari studi literatur, terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian TB Paru. Saran yang dapat diberikan kepada petugas kesehatan adalah intensif melakukan penyuluhan terhadap masyarakat tentang efek dari kebiasaan merokok terhadap penyakit TB Paru
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAYURAN UNTUK PELET PAKAN IKAN NILA
Authors: Afifah Siti Fanisya , . Rachmaniyah , . Khambali
Published: August 2021

Limbah sayuran seringkali dibuang ke lingkungan yangdapat membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pemilihan bahan baku limbah sayuran agar dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pelet pakan ikan yang berpotensi baik untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui manfaat limbah sayuran untuk pelet pakan ikan nila (oreochromis niloticus)dengan beberapa perlakuan limbah sayuran yang berbeda dan mengetahui kandungan zat gizi protein limbah sayuran.Penelitian ini bersifat Deskriptif menggunakan jenis penelitian Posttest Only Control Group Design dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu limbah sayuran (kontrol), pelet pakan ikan limbah sayuran 20%, pelet pakan ikan limbah sayuran 30% dan pelet pakan ikan limbah sayuran 40%. Pengukuran dari setiap perlakuan untuk mengetahui kandungan zat gizi protein.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari kandungan zat gizi protein limbah sayuran kubis dan kangkung (kontrol) yaitu sebesar 1,5185%, pelet pakan ikan dengan limbah sayuran 20% sebesar 5,216%, pelet pakan ikan dengan limbah sayuran 30% sebesar 3,981% dan pelet pakan ikan dengan limbah sayuran 40% sebesar 3,678%. Kualitas pelet pakan ikan belum memenuhi zat gizi protein yang sesuai dengan SNI 01-7242-2006 tentang Pembuatan Pakan Buatan Untuk Ikan Nila dalam proses pembesaran yaitu nilai protein minimal 25%.Disimpulkan hasil penelitian bahwa pelet pakan ikan dari limbah sayuran kubis dan kangkung memiliki kandungan protein rendah. Disarankan perlu adanya penambahan bahan baku yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi seperti limbah tulang ikan, limbah udang, limbah ampas tahu dan limbah bulu ayam. Sehingga dapat  menghasilkan pelet pakan ikan yang berkualitas baik untuk proses pembesaran ikan nila (oreochromis nilocticus) yang mencapai kandungan protein yaitu minimal 25% sesuai dengan SNI 01-7242-2006.
PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (CTPS) DAN PEMANFAATAN JAMBAN PADA PENDERITA HEPATITIS A DI DESA TERBIS KECAMATAN PANGGUL KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK TAHUN 2020
Authors: Prabawati Lufia , Nerawati AT Diana , Sari Ernita
Published: August 2021

Kejadian hepatitis A merupakan hasil interaksi antara faktor agent, host, dan environment. Dari segi host ditunjukkan melalui perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS) dan perilaku pemanfaatan jamban. Perilaku CTPS di desa Terbis 64,5% dari target pencapaian 95% dan cakupan kepemilikan jamban 78,5% dengan catatan 21,5% sharing. Hasil observasi menunjukkan 2 dari 10 responden belum memiliki jamban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perilaku CTPS dan pemanfaatan jamban pada penderita hepatitis A di Desa Terbis Kecamatan Panggul Kabupaten Trenggalek tahun 2020.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara terkait dengan perilaku CTPS dan pemanfaatan jamban pada penderita hepatitis A. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Terbis Kecamatan Panggul Kabupaten Trenggalek dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan perilaku CTPS dalam kategori cukup (60,8%), dengan aspek pengetahuan kategori cukup (56,9%), sikap kategori cukup (58,8%) dan tindakan kategori kurang (58,8%). Hasil penelitian menggambarkan perilaku pemanfaatan jamban dalam kategori cukup (62,7%), dengan aspek pengetahuan kategori cukup (76,5%), sikap kategori cukup (54,9%) dan tindakan kategori kurang (51%).Disimpulkan aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan yang telah diberikan bobot dapat menggambarkan perilaku CTPS dalam kategori cukup dan perilaku pemanfaatan jamban dalam kategori cukup. Disarankan bagi masyarakat diperlukan adanya kesadaran akan pentingnya CTPS dan pemanfaatan jamban dalam memutus mata rantai penularan hepatitis A.
Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Bersih Di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur
Authors: Mulyaningrum Hikma Maulidiya , Kriswandana Ferry , Arida Ipmawati Putri
Published: August 2021

Air merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kegiatan rumah sakit, mengingat bahwa rumah sakit adalah tempat perawatan orang sakit, maka penyehatan air perlu diperhatikan setiap saat baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitasnya agar tidak mengakibatkan sumber infeksi baru bagi penderita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas upaya peningkatan kualitas mikrobiologi air bersih di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif evaluatif dengan menguji kualitas mikrobiologi total koliform air bersih dan dengan mengobservasi aspek perencanaan, pengorganisasian SDM, proses pelaksanaan serta pengawasan dalam penyediaan air bersih di Rumah Sakit untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya cemaran total koliform, sehingga dapat dilakukan evaluasi dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas mikrobiologi air bersih.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualiatas mikrobiologi air bersih berdasarkan data sekunder yang diperoleh didapatkan hasil yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Form observasi di lapangan yang dilakukan dengan metoda wawancara tentang penyediaan air bersih di rumah sakit didapatkan rata-rata hasil sebesar 51,78 dengan kategori kurang baik.Saran yang dapat diberikan untuk Rumah Sakit yaitu  diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas mikrobiologi air bersih dengan melakukan desinfeksi atau pengolahan tambahan lainnya agar memenuhi persyaratan, dan meningkatkan beberapa aspek dalam penyediaan air bersih.
SANITASI KAPAL PADA KMP LEGUNDI DI WILAYAH KERJA KANTOR KESEHATAN PELABUHAN KELAS I SURABAYA
Authors: Arintia Putri Kelara Dyah , Sunarko Bambang , Rokhmalia Fitri
Published: August 2021

Penyehatan kapal penumpang perlu dilakukan dalam rangka mewujudkan sanitasi kapal yang baik. Pemenuhuan syarat sanitasi pada kapal agar terciptanya kenyamanan dan pencegahan penularan penyakit bagi penumpang dan ABK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sanitasi kapal penumpang di wilayah kerja KKP Kelas I Surabaya.Penelitian ini bersifat observasi deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, penentuan objek penelitian yaitu semua kapal penumpang yang berlabuh/sandar di pelabuhan selama waktu penelitian. Penilaian sub variabel yakni dapur, ruang rakit makanan, ruang tidur ABK, air minum, limbah cair, limbah medis/padat dan keberadaan vektor terdiri dari dua kategori yaitu memenuhi syarat dan tidak memenuhi syarat. Seluruh variabel akan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian terhadap variabel sanitasi dapur, ruang rakit makanan, ruang tidur ABK, air minum dan keberadaan vektor 2 ruangan (33%) terlihatnya tanda keberadaan vektor dan 4 ruangan (67%) tidak terlihat adanya keberadaan vektor pada KMP Legundi dikategorikan memenuhi syarat, sedangkan variabel limbah cair dan limbah medis/padat tidak memenuhi syarat.Disimpulkan dari sanitasi dapur, ruang rakit makanan, ruang tidur ABK, air minum dan keberadaan vektor pada KMP Legundi dikategorikan memenuhi syarat, sedangkan variabel limbah cair dan limbah medis/padat tidak memenuhi syarat. Disarankan perlu mempertahankan sistem pemeriksaan sanitasi kapal, serta diperlukannya pemantauan yang dilakukan secara berkala agar tidak menjadi tempat penyebaran penyakit. Serta memberi himbauan untuk melakukan pengolahan limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan kapal sebelum dibuang, memberi himbauan kepada pemilik kapal maupun ABK untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan kapal dan meningkatkan kuantitas maupun kualitas fasilitas agar penumpang menjadi nyaman.