bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mevlüd Süleymanlı’nın Göç Romanında Geçen Halk Kültürü Unsurları
Authors: KOCA Selçuk Kürşad
Published: July 2018

Türk dünyası edebiyatında
kültür, hikâyelerin, romanların ve diğer edebi tür eserlerinin içeriklerini
oluşturan maddi ve manevi öğeler bütünüdür. Halk edebiyatı insanların ortak
malını, ürettikleri maddi ve manevi kültürlerini yansıtıp yaşanmışlıkları,
gelenek ve görenekleri konu edinmiştir. Tarih boyunca gerçekliklerden oluşan
edebî eserler, her zaman okuru daha çok sarmış ve ilgilendirmiştir.

Çalışmamızda Türk dünyası
edebiyatının değerli taşlarından Azerbaycanlı Mevlüd Süleymanlı’nın Göç romanında
ele aldığı halk kültürü unsurları tespit edilip değerlendirilirmiştir. Ele
aldığımız roman, taçlandırıldığı isminden de görüldüğü üzere, yazarın derin
geçmişine dönüp, göçebe yaşayan atalarının karşılaştıkları zorlukları, göç
süresince etkilenip örf, adet ve geleneklerinde yaşanılan değişimleri halk
edebiyatının ürünü olan destansı bir dille kaleme almaktadır.

Çalışmamız şu ana başlıklar ve onun alt başlıkları
ekseninde tespit edilen kültürel unsurlarla şekillendirilmiştir: Halk
edebiyatı; inanç, inanış, dua ve beddualar; hayatın dönüm noktaları; tören;
sayılar; oyunlar; yerli sporlar; renkler; giyim; kuşam; süslenme; mutfak
kültürü; yer adları; etnik yapı.
Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Diplomasisi ve Üçüncü Dünya
Authors: AYDEMİR Emrah
Published: July 2018

Bu
araştırma, Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yerinin
tartışılması, UNESCO ve Kamusal İletişim Daire’sinin kamu diplomasisi
uygulamasındaki uluslararası rolünün anlaşılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma
konusunun temel yaklaşımı üç alt başlıkta incelenmektedir. İlk olarak
araştırma, Birleşmiş Milletler’in yapısını ve kamu diplomasisini anlatmakta,
sonra Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yerini örnekler
de vererek açıklamaktadır. Son alt başlıkta ise; UNESCO ve Kamusal İletişim
Dairesi’nin Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde nasıl kullanıldığı ortaya
koyulmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ülkemizde
çalışması yapılmayan Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisi ve örgütün kamu
diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yeri ve kültürün kullanımı önemli bir araştırma
alanıdır. Tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmada literatür
analizi yapılmış ve örneklemler konusu kapsamında incelenip genel tarama
modelinde ilişkisel tarama modeli ile sonuca varılmıştır.
Bir İsimlendirme Problemi: Dinî Danışmanlık
Authors: Ege Remziye , Uğurlu Havva Sinem
Published: July 2018

Dinî danışmanlık,
Batı/Hıristiyan dünyasında uygulama alanı üzerinden ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınırları
belirlenmiş bir kavramsallaştırmanın ürünü olan bu isim, bir meslek alanı
olarak tanımlandığı süreçte isimlendirme problemiyle yüzleşmiştir.
Batı/Hıristiyan toplumunun teorik ve pratik açıdan uzun yıllar süren tecrübesi,
profesyonelleşmeyi beraberinde getirmiş, süreçte farklı isimlendirmeler
kullanılsa da, profesyonel boyutlar söz konusu olduğunda hizmetin dinî
danışmanlık olarak isimlendirilmesi bu uzun sürecin nihai noktası olmuştur.
Bu makalede, ilk olarak Batı/Hıristiyan toplumda ortaya çıkan dinî
danışmanlığın, nasıl bir içerikle tanımlandığı ve bir meslek olarak ne ifade
ettiği kavram analizi yoluyla ortaya konulmuştur. Daha sonra, Türkiye’de henüz
meslekî bir tanımlama olarak karşılığı olmamakla birlikte, din eğitimi alanında
bu başlıkla üretilen bazı bilimsel çalışmalardan hareketle kavramsal boyut
ortaya konularak isimlendirme problemi gündeme getirilmiştir.
İslam Düşüncesinde Felsefi ve Dini Bir Etkinlik Olarak Ahlak
Authors: YILDIRIM Ali
Published: July 2018

İslam düşüncesinde ahlak hem felsefenin
hem de dinin nihai hedefi olarak telakki edilmiştir. Bir hikmet arayışı olarak
tanımlanan felsefi faaliyetin nihai gayesi erdem ve mutluluk olarak
belirlenmiştir. Aynı şekilde din de insanı dünya ve ahirette mutlu kılacak
eylemleri vaz etmektedir. İslam düşüncesinde her iki disiplin de ağırlıklı
olarak pratik yönüyle değerlendirilmiş ve her iki disiplinin de ahlaklı olmanın
kaynağı olduğuna işaret edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ahlaka dair düşünceleriyle ön
plana çıkmış İslam düşünürlerinin felsefe ve din tanımlarına yer verilecek, bu
tanımların ahlak ile ilişkilendirilme çabalarına dikkat çekilecektir. İslam
düşüncesinde dini etkinliğin felsefi etkinliğe yaklaştırıldığını
söyleyebiliriz. Bu bakımdan bu çalışmanın, son dönemlerde sıkça ifade edilen,
hikmetten yoksun bilginin ahlaki eylemden de yoksun olması meselesine ışık
tutacağı kanaatindeyiz.
Mesleki Gelişime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (MGTÖ) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇETİN Filiz
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının mesleki
gelişime yönelik tutumlarını tespit etmeye yardımcı olacak uygun psikometrik
özelliklere sahip bir tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada
ilgili literatür ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan madde havuzunda
toplanan ölçek maddeleri denem formuna dönüştürülerek Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim
Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 240'ı kadın ve 80'i erkek olmak üzere farklı bölümlerdeki
toplam 320 öğretmen adayına uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucu elde edilen veri
seti üzerinden yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı
Faktör Analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucu, ölçeğin üç
alt faktörlü bir yapıdan oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) katsayısı 0.91 ve
Bartlett testi sonucu (Chi- Square 3613,58; p<.001) anlamlı
bulunmuştur. Üç faktörün toplam varyansı açıklama oranı % 48,75’dir.
Güvenirliği ise iç tutarlılık katsayısı olan Cronbach’s alfa güvenirlik
katsayısı ile kestirilmiştir. Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı
ölçek geneli için .94 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi
sonucunda modele ilişkin uyum değerlerinin kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu veriler ışığında mesleki gelişime yönelik tutum ölçeğinin
ölçüm güvenirliğine sahip bir ölçme aracı olduğuna karar verilmiştir.
İslam ve Hristiyanlıkta Tanrı Kavramı
Authors: MALKOÇ Mehmet
Published: July 2018

Çeviride Hristiyanlık  ile İslam'da Tanrı Kavranı üzerine Hristiyan  Teolog Prof. Dr. William Lane Craig'a ait bir değerlendirilmesi ele alınmıştır. Çeviri bir Hristiyan Teoloğun konuya bakışını göstermesi açsından kayda değerdir.
Matrix management interfers in yield and quality of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Pereira Rafaela Alves , Gomes Júnior Gedeon Almeida , Rodrigues Eliandro Malta , Sodré George Andrade , Sacramento Célio Kersul do
Published: June 2018

Abstract The influence of two managements on yield and quality of plagiotropic mini-cuttings of four cacao clones was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme with 4 clones x 2 mother plant management (apical pruning and bending), with 10 replicates and one plant as experimental unit. Seedlings used were propagated by rooting of semi-woody cuttings of plagiotropic branches and at seven months of age, two seedlings of each clone were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with organomineral substrate. After transplantation, the apex of one of the plants was cut based on the count of the first six leaves from the apex. For bending, stems were folded and horizontally fixed. The first collection of mini-cuttings was performed 30 days after transplantation and the others during the following seven months. The yield of mini-cuttings was estimated during collections and part was used for rooting and quality evaluation of seedlings. After 90 days, 10 mini-cuttings of each clone were evaluated for quality using the Dickson quality index (DQI). Another 10 rooted mini-cuttings were transplanted to 1.5 L polyethylene bags and kept in greenhouse for another 120 days until final quality evaluation at 210 days. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. bending was more efficient in the average production of mini-cuttings especially for BN 34 clone. The Dickson quality index was correlated with root dry mass, at both 90 and 210 days, and the bending technique was responsible for the best DQI. Variable height was not adequate to estimate the quality of cocoa seedlings.
Bio-behavioral survey of syphilis in homeless men in Central Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Barros Cleiciane Vieira de Lima , Galdino Júnior Hélio , Rezza Giovanni , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Ferreira Priscilla Martins , Souza Christiane Moreira , Guimarães Lara Cristina da Cunha , Barros David Antônio Costa , Brunini Sandra Maria
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis in homeless men in Central Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 481 individuals attending four therapeutic communities between October and December 2015. A structured interview was conducted to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors for syphilis. Rapid/point-of-care and VDRL tests were performed to determine exposure to syphilis and the presence of active syphilis, respectively. Poisson regression analysis was used to verify the risk factors associated with the outcomes investigated. Of the study participants, 10.2% were reactive to the rapid test, and 5.4% had active syphilis. At the multiple regression analysis, schooling (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 0.89; p = 0.005), history of genital ulcer (APR: 2.59; p = 0.002), STI history (APR: 1.97; p = 0.042), and sexual intercourse under drug effects (APR: 1.60; p = 0.022) were independent factors associated with lifetime syphilis. Also, history of genital ulcer (APR: 2.19; p = 0.019), STI history (APR: 1.74; p = 0.033) and number of sexual partners in the last year (APR: 1.02; p = 0.044) were associated with active syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis among homeless men was rather high, confirming the vulnerability of this group to this infection. These results emphasize the need for educational intervention, improvement of risk reduction programs, availability of diagnostic tests, especially the rapid test, and treatment.
Quality assessment of clinical guidelines for the treatment of obesity in adults: application of the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Reis Erika Cardoso dos , Passos Sonia Regina Lambert , Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos
Published: June 2018

There are various guidelines for the treatment of obesity, and thus the quality of these clinical guidelines has become a matter of concern. The objective was to describe and assess the quality of clinical guidelines for treatment of obesity in adults. We collected several studies, dated from 1998 to 2016, produced by different countries. The literature search included the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Guidelines International Network (GIN), PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, webpages of health institutions from different countries, and search sites, with the criterion: “clinical guidelines for treatment of obesity in adults and published until the 2016”. The guidelines were assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II), according to the domains of the instrument. The search identified 21 guidelines: nine from Europe, six from North America, three from Latin America, and one each from Asia and Oceania and a transnational association. The Australian guideline had the best assessment. Of the six guidelines with the highest scores, five had been elaborated by the government sector responsible for the country’s health. The domains “scope and purpose” and “clarity of presentation” had the highest score. Except for the Canadian guideline, the three guidelines drafted before the elaboration of AGREE II had the worst quality. In the domain “stakeholder involvement”, only four guidelines (Australia, Scotland, France, and England) mentioned patient participation. Guideline development and quality enhancement are ongoing processes requiring systematic appraisal of the guideline production process and existing guidelines.
Mortalidade e internações hospitalares por intoxicações e reações adversas a medicamentos no Brasil: análise de 2000 a 2014
Authors: Santos Guidyan Anne Silva , Boing Alexandra Crispim
Published: June 2018

Resumo: Nos últimos anos, as intoxicações e reações adversas a medicamentos tornaram-se importante causa de hospitalização e mortalidade, constituindo tema de grande relevância para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência de mortalidade e hospitalizações por esses agravos no Brasil, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes dos sistemas SIM (Sistema de Informções sobre Mortalidade) e SIH-SUS (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS), e a população foi analisada segundo sexo, região de residência e faixa etária. Para definição dos eventos, foram utilizados códigos CID-10. A análise de tendência da série histórica foi realizada por regressão linear generalizada pelo método de Prais-Winsten, com correção do efeito de autocorrelação de primeira ordem. Tanto os óbitos quanto as hospitalizações ocorridas durante o período estudado apresentaram tendência ascendente. Na análise por regiões, as tendências mantiveram-se ascendentes para ambos os eventos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. A análise por faixa etária mostrou tendências declinantes para menores de cinco anos nos dois eventos, tendência de óbitos ascendente para maiores de quatro anos e tendência de hospitalizações ascendente para a faixa de 20 a 59 anos. As intoxicações e reações adversas a medicamentos apresentam considerável contribuição para a ocorrência de óbitos e hospitalizações no Brasil, e os sistemas de informação SIM e SIH-SUS são fontes de dados de qualidade satisfatória para estudos de base populacional sobre mortalidade e morbidade hospitalar no país.
Breakfast patterns and their association with body mass index in Brazilian adults
Authors: Baltar Valéria Troncoso , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Santos Roberta de Oliveira , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Sichieri Rosely
Published: June 2018

The objective was to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), skipping breakfast, and breakfast patterns in Brazilian adults. We analyzed data of 21,003 individuals aged between 20 to 59 from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009. Breakfast was defined as the eating occasion between 5 and 10a.m. with the highest usual food consumption (exceeding 50Kcal/209.2kJ). Dietary patterns were derived by the factor analysis of 18 food groups (usual intake). Controlling for confounders linear regressions of BMI were used to verify the associations considering the survey design. Skipping breakfast was not associated with BMI. Three breakfast patterns were observed (48% variability): Brazilian Northern (positive loading for meats, preparations with corn, eggs, tubers/roots/potatoes, dairy products, savory snacks/crackers, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks); Western (positive for fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, sandwiches/pizza, baked/deep-fried snacks, chocolate/desserts, cakes/cookies) and Brazilian Southeastern (cold cut meat, milk, cheese, coffee/tea, bread). The Brazilian Southeastern pattern was inversely associated with BMI, while the Brazilian Northern pattern was directly associated with it. Therefore, the results suggest a role for breakfast quality in the association with BMI. Thus, a Brazilian Southeastern breakfast usual intake may be inversely associated with BMI.
Interfaces e desafios comunicacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Cardoso Janine Miranda , Rocha Rogério Lannes
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre projetos e estratégias de comunicação e saúde envolvidos na luta pelo direito à saúde, construção e defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em diálogo com estudos, debates e deliberações em curso desde a 8ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde e com base nas configurações comunicacionais contemporâneas, problematiza tensões, desafios e potencialidades relacionados à cultura digital, à cobertura jornalística e à comunicação pública nas instituições de saúde no Brasil.
Figuras do intelectual: gênese e devir
Authors: Passiani Enio
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este ensaio pretende apresentar a gênese moderna do intelectual e as figurações que assume ao longo de uma história relativamente recente até chegar a alguns impasses que sugerem sua crise, arriscando-se ao final caminhos possíveis para uma reconfiguração que o permita enfrentar os desafios do mundo social contemporâneo.
Três críticos latino-americanos
Authors: Jackson Luiz , Blanco Alejandro
Published: June 2018

Resumo A avaliação dos papéis desempenhados pelos críticos literários na formação do campo intelectual mexicano, em contraposição ao Brasil e à Argentina, além do grau e das modalidades de institucionalização (universidade, imprensa, revistas etc.) dessa atividade em torno da década de 1950 é o objetivo central deste artigo. Nessa direção, propomos tomar como ponto de partida a trajetória e a produção intelectual do reconhecido crítico e historiador da literatura mexicana, José Luis Martínez (1918-2007), visando compará-las com as do brasileiro Antonio Candido (1918-2017) e do argentino Adolfo Prieto (1928-2016). Praticada até meados do século XX de forma mundana e entendida como um gênero menor da literatura, a crítica seria alavancada por sua institucionalização universitária, mais precisamente pela criação de cursos superiores em letras, ocorrida nos três países na primeira metade desse século, que, progressivamente, conferiu aos críticos meios específicos de legitimação e, cada vez mais, independentes da chancela dos escritores. Obviamente tal processo se deu lentamente e de maneira conflituosa, mas a ascensão e a autoridade conquistada por esses novos produtores culturais alteraram a morfologia e as relações de força nos campos literário e acadêmico.♦
“Disciplinarização” e construção institucional da sociologia nos países fundadores e sua reprodução na América Latina
Authors: Trindade Hélgio
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este artigo propõe-se a fazer um recorte analítico para focar a emergência da sociologia, sua primeira institucionalização nos países fundadores (Europa e Estados Unidos) e sua reprodução na América Latina, integrando o projeto de pesquisa sobre o processo de institucionalização, diversificação disciplinar e intercâmbio acadêmico das ciências sociais no Brasil em perspectiva latino-americana (antropologia, ciência política e sociologia), no período de 1930-2003.♦
Malpighiaceae in the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Santos Jéssica Vieira dos , Amorim André Márcio , Conceição Adilva de Souza
Published: June 2018

Abstract This study presents a floristic survey of Malpighiaceae species from in the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion in the state of Bahia, Brazil. After extensive field and herbarium studies, we identified 18 genera and 32 species of Malpighiaceae in the study area: Aspicarpa harleyi W.R.Anderson, Banisteriopsis C.B.Rob. (3 spp.), Barnebya harleyi W.R.Anderson & B.Gates, Bronwenia ferruginea (Cav.) W.R.Anderson & C.C.Davis, Bunchosia pernambucana W.R.Anderson, Byrsonima Rich. ex Kunth (4 spp.), Carolus chasei (W.R.Anderson) W.R.Anderson, Diplopterys lutea (Griseb.) W.R.Anderson & C.C.Davis, Galphimia brasiliensis (L.) A.Juss., Heteropterys Kunth (5 spp.), Janusia anisandra (A.Juss.) Griseb., Mascagnia Bertero (2 spp.), Mcvaughia bahiana W.R.Anderson, Peixotoa hispidula A.Juss., Ptilochaeta Turcz. (2 spp.), Stigmaphyllon A.Juss. (3 spp.), Tetrapterys Cav. (2 spp.) and Thryallis longifolia Mart. Among the species recorded, three represent new records for the Caatinga biome, 25 are endemic to Brazil, and six are exclusive to the Caatinga. We present an identification key to all species, comments on morphology, taxonomy, distribution and phenology, besides illustrations to most species.
Primeiro registro de Aganisia fimbriata (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) para a Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil
Authors: Engels Mathias Erich , Rocha Lilien Cristhiane Ferneda , Hall Climbiê Ferreira , Koch Ana Kelly
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Aganisia fimbriata é uma espécie Sul-Americana de orquídea que ocorre no Brasil, Guiana, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela. No Brasil é registrada nos Estados do Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, e agora pela primeira vez na região Centro-Oeste, Estado de Mato Grosso. Foi encontrada no Estado de Mato Grosso como hemiepífita, em floresta paludosa às margens de pequeno riacho tributário do rio Teles Pires, em Floresta Estacional Sempre Verde na borda sul do Domínio Amazônico. Este novo registro corresponde ao limite austral de distribuição geográfica da espécie no Brasil. Apresentam-se descrição da espécie, prancha fotográfica, comentários taxonômicos e a distribuição da espécie.
CONVIVENCIA: A SOLUTION TO THE HALAL/ PORK TENSION IN SPAIN?
Authors: RIESZ LEELA
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT This work illuminates the connection between foodways and identity forging in Spain’s migration context. The concern of Moroccan and Pakistani Muslims over maintaining halal food practices conflicts with Spain’s reliance on and celebration of Iberian ham. This "two food cultures conflict," which I conceptualize as a halal/pork binary, can be traced back to the 15th century Spanish reconquista. However, Moroccan restaurateurs’ current revival of the convivencia (coexistence) narrative, their emphasis on a collective Andaluzi identity, and tapasization and halalization of Moroccan-Muslim and Spanish foodways are possible solutions to this tension. This identity work in the restaurant allows them to reconcile the cultural, religious, and gastronomic tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims in Spain and rewrites halal foodways into the Spanish foodscape.
ANIMAL-DERIVED FOOD INDUSTRY: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES DUE TO FARM ANIMAL WELFARE
Authors: HOAG THOMAS MICHAEL , LEMME CELSO FUNCIA
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Farm animal welfare (FAW) has emerged in recent years as a potential material issue for the animal-derived food products industry. The issue is global in scope, given the large trade flows and multinational structure of many companies in the agribusiness industry, a critical sector of the Brazilian and international economy. This exploratory study is an attempt to map the agendas of companies in the industry and compare them with the agendas of the principal stakeholders for a better understanding of the risks and opportunities facing the intangible assets of companies with regard to FAW. The mapping was carried out by consulting websites and corporate sustainability reports. The overarching result of the study is to show that the industry as a whole is neglecting FAW as a material issue.
VALUE CO-CREATION IN THE SPECIALTY COFFEE VALUE CHAIN: THE THIRD-WAVE COFFEE MOVEMENT
Authors: BOAVENTURA PATRICIA SILVA MONTEIRO , ABDALLA CARLA CAIRES , ARAÚJO CECILIA LOBO , ARAKELIAN JOSÉ SARKIS
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Brazil represents approximately 29% of the world’s coffee exports, with 15% of that being "specialty coffee." Most Brazilian coffee exports are composed of commoditized green beans, influencing the value chain to be grounded on an exchange paradigm. This scenario started to change with the introduction of specialized coffee shops, coffee capsules for home consumption, and demand for a more artisanal product. A paradigm of value creation along the chain drives production processes that aim to differentiate products through superior coffee beans and unique experiences. This study was developed through content analysis of 15 years of news collected from two Brazilian newspapers. Additionally, we interviewed owners of coffee shops, coffee producers, cooperatives, intermediaries, and regulators. We concluded that the value chain faces challenges in reaching higher value-in-use creation for all involved actors.
Decolonialidade, Atlântico Negro e intelectuais negros brasileiros: em busca de um diálogo horizontal
Authors: Bernardino-Costa Joaze
Published: June 2018

Resumo Baseado nas contribuições dos teóricos da decolonialidade e em diálogo com a tradição dos estudos do Atlântico Negro, o artigo, em busca de uma justiça cognitiva, propõe um diálogo horizontal e equitativo entre estas correntes do pensamento político-acadêmico e os intelectuais negros brasileiros. Para o desenvolvimento deste argumento, radicalizamos o compromisso do projeto decolonial com a corpo-geopolítica do conhecimento, bem como propomos uma maior ênfase nas raízes, mais do que nas rotas, dos estudos sobre o Atlântico Negro. Esta afirmação da corpo-geopolítica do conhecimento e das raízes é a chave tanto para a afirmação ontológica e epistemológica das populações negras quanto para construirmos um diálogo pluriversal e transmoderno, no qual as experiências particulares não se percam nem num provincianismo nem num universo abstrato.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENCE OF PAIN IN LUMBAR STENOSIS SURGERY
Authors: Luna Luis Muñiz , Zetina Christian Camargo , Sámano Hugo Vilchis , Stone Karen Aida Ibarra , Chiang Erika Silva
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the persistence of pain in patients operated on for lumbar stenosis. Method: One hundred and fifty-three patients were studied, divided into two groups: 1) Patients with persistent pain in varying degrees, 2) Patients without pain. Age, sex, affected levels, comorbidities, surgical risk, and type of surgical procedure were evaluated. Results: There were 108 patients in the group with pain and 45 in the group without pain. In the group with pain, there were 28 patients with diabetes mellitus, 31 smokers, and 28 alcohol-dependent patients, with a significant difference of p = 0.001 and an RR = 1.1. A simple widening procedure was performed in 48 patients in the group with pain and 12 patients in the group without pain, with RR = 0.8, and widening plus instrumentation was performed in 7 patients in both the with and without pain groups. Conclusion: The indication of a surgical procedure in patients with spinal stenosis must take many factors into account in addition to clinical factors and the segments affected, since these factors impact patient prognosis. In the multivariate analysis, the variable most closely associated with persistent pain was the procedure performed. Level of Evidence III; Case-control study.g
Adesão do portador de transtorno mental à terapêutica medicamentosa no tratamento em saúde mental
Authors: Borba Letícia de Oliveira , Maftum Mariluci Alves , Vayego Stela Adami , Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Felix Jorge Vinícius Cestari , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a adesão do portador de transtorno mental à terapêutica medicamentosa no tratamento em saúde mental e a associação entre as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, clínicas e farmacoterapêuticas à adesão. Método Estudo transversal, realizado em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Curitiba/Paraná, em 2014, com portadores de transtorno mental. Os dados oriundos de entrevista estruturada e de consulta a prontuários foram submetidos à análise descritiva e bivariada. Resultados Participaram do estudo 300 portadores de transtorno mental. 51% dos participantes aderiram à terapêutica medicamentosa, sendo a adesão maior nos indivíduos do sexo masculino, sem histórico familiar de transtorno mental, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, com tempo de doença inferior a 1 ano, que não deixaram de tomar o medicamento nenhuma vez no último mês e que contaram com a participação da família. A adesão foi menor entre os entrevistados com renda individual inferior a um salário mínimo, percepção de saúde regular e ruim, diagnóstico de depressão associado a outro transtorno, tempo de tratamento no serviço superior a 2 anos e com histórico de tentativa de suicídio. Conclusão Houve baixa adesão à terapêutica medicamentosa. As variáveis associadas à adesão foram sexo, renda individual, histórico familiar de transtorno mental, percepção sobre sua saúde, diagnóstico de transtorno mental, tempo de doença e de tratamento, tentativa de suicídio, deixar de tomar o medicamento alguma vez no último mês e participação da família.
Contracercar, producir y resistir. La defensa de los bienes comunes en dos comunidades campesinas (Argentina)
Authors: Gómez Herrera Andrea Geanina , Jara Cristián Emanuel , Díaz Habra María del Huerto , Villalba Ana Eliza
Published: June 2018

Las diversas manifestaciones de resistencia frente al despojo de bienes comunes son la contracara de los cercamientos capitalistas. Estas expresiones de acciones colectivas abarcan una amplia batería de estrategias por parte de las comunidades rurales. Muchas de estas manifestaciones podrían ser interpretadas como contracercamientos (físicos o institucionales). En este marco, nos preguntamos cuáles son las modalidades que asumen las luchas campesinas que establecen nuevas fronteras para el control de bienes comunes en Santiago del Estero (noroeste de Argentina). Para responder a este interrogante abordamos dos casos: el diseño de una reserva campesina en Ojo de Agua y el encierro ganadero comunitario de El Hoyo. Los orígenes de ambas experiencias están ligados a los conflictos por la tierra y las intervenciones de agentes estatales. La argumentación se estructura a partir de los datos construidos durante el trabajo de campo que incluyó registros de observación y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad. Esto permitió explorar el repertorio de acción colectiva, de readecuación de legislaciones vigentes y re-funcionalización de recursos emanados de programas estatales. Asimismo, presentamos evidencias de cómo operan las políticas cotidianas en torno al control de los bienes comunes y las tensiones que atraviesan a estos procesos.
Abstract
The various manifestations of resistance against the plundering of common goods are the other side of the capitalist enclosures. These expressions of collective actions encompass a broad battery of strategies on the part of rural communities. Many of these manifestations could be interpreted ascounter-enclosure (physical or institutional).In this context, we ask ourselves what are the modalities that assume peasant struggles which set new borders for the control of common goods in Santiago del Estero (NW Argentina).To answer this question, we address two cases: the design of a peasant reserve in Ojo de Agua and the community livestock enclosure of El Hoyo. The origins of both experiences are linked to conflicts over land and the interventions of state agents.The argumentation is structured from the data constructed during the fieldwork that included observation records and conducting in-depth interviews. This allowed toexplore the repertoire of collective action, of readjustment of current legislation and re-functionalization of resources arising from state programs. Likewise, we present evidence of how everyday policies operate around control of the Commons and the tensions that go through these processes.
Mujeres y organización comunitaria. El caso de las palmeadoras de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Ortega Ortega Tomás , Núñez Espinoza Juan Felipe , Vázquez García Verónica , Vizcarra Bordi Ivonne , Sesia Paola María , Flores Sánchez Diego
Published: June 2018

Las mujeres indígenas de México construyen dinámicas organizacionales que les permiten garantizar la sobrevivencia familiar. Este artículo identifica los beneficios individuales y colectivos de los procesos organizativos en los cuales se involucran las mujeres dedicadas a la elaboración de tortilla artesanal para autoconsumo y venta que integran la Unión de Palmeadoras de la Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, México. La información se obtuvo de mayo de 2015 a enero de 2017, a través de una estrategia metodológica mixta que involucró entrevistas, talleres, observación participante, registros de ventas a lo largo de 20 días y un censo de toda la organización. Los beneficios individuales fueron dos: la garantía de tener sitios de venta; la posibilidad del trueque en el mercado. Los beneficios colectivos fueron tres: disponibilidad diaria de tortillas artesanales, dinamización de la economía local; permanencia del oficio de palmeadora. Se concluye que el gremio se creó debido a la discriminación que enfrentan estas mujeres. Sin embargo, aún falta mucho por hacer ya que sus espacios de venta son incómodos y sus condiciones de trabajo siguen siendo precarias.

Abstract

Native women in Mexico engage in organizing dynamics that allow them to provide for their families. This paper identifies the individual and collective benefits of organizational processes for the women who belong to the Unión de Palmeadoras de la Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico. These women make handmade tortillas for household consumption and sale. Data were obtained between May 2015 and January 2017 through a combination of fieldwork techniques: interviews, workshops, participant observation, sale registers during a 20-day period, and a census of the whole organization. Two individual benefits were identified: guaranteed selling spots; barter opportunities while at the market. Three collective benefits were identified: daily availability of handmade tortillas; the mobilization of the local economy; the permanence of the palmeadora trade. The paper concludes that the organization was created due to the discrimination faced by these women. However, a lot remains to be done since their selling spots are inappropriate and their working conditions continue to be precarious.
Gestión del agua en Azuay: base de la organización rural y la trascendencia hacia la incidencia nacional
Authors: Pila Paola Viviana
Published: June 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la organización social para la gestión del agua de consumo humano ha conservado la identidad comunitaria del territorio rural en el Azuay y ha sido la base para que esta organización rural localizada trascienda hacia el nivel nacional a través de sus líderes y sus discursos. Se parte del concepto de territorio como producto de la acción de los seres humanos y sus dinámicas que devienen en procesos sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos que adquieren dimensiones simbólicas tales como la identidad territorial y la concepción de lo comunitario. La metodología usada para el levantamiento y análisis de la información fue cualitativa, lo que permitió analizar los discursos de los sujetos y sus significados con base en entrevistas y grupos focales, generando evidencia de que la gestión del agua evolucionó desde un estado tradicional aislado, hasta un estado de organización local con incidencia nacional. Esto ha permitido llevar las características de lo comunitario hacia la organización de tercer grado. Se puede decir que la gestión del agua puede ser la base del mantenimiento de la organización rural, sin que ello implique ubicarse únicamente en dicha esfera, sino trascender hacia la presencia organizativa y política nacional.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze how the social organization for management of water intended for human consumption has maintained the community identity of the rural territory in Azuay and has been as well the basis for the transcendence of this rural organization to the national level through the presence of community leaders and their discourse. The article assumes the territory as a result of human actions carried out through dynamics that become social, cultural, economic and political processes and acquire symbolic dimensions such as territorial identity and the conception of the community. The qualitative methodology that has been used for the gathering and analysis of information, made it possible to examine the discourses of the subjects and their meanings based on interviews and focal groups, generating evidence that water management has evolved from a traditional isolated state to a state of local organization with nationwide significance. This has made it possible to bring the community characteristics to a third-grade organization. As a conclusion, we propose that water management not only may be the basis for the maintenance of rural organization, which shall not imply remaining in this area, but also is able to transcend to the national political and organizational presence.
Continuidad y renovación en la acción colectiva de los ganaderos familiares del litoral noroeste de Uruguay
Authors: Courdin Máximo Virginia , Sabourin Eric
Published: June 2018

La ganadería uruguaya ha brindado la imagen de productores independientes, aislados en explotaciones dispersas, sin organizaciones o colectivos que los agrupen. Sin embargo, es frecuente que los ganaderos familiares estén integrados a una o varias formas de colectivos de diversa naturaleza. Las transformaciones de los últimos años han desafiado a los Gobiernos de izquierda a encontrar herramientas adecuadas para aplicar políticas y apoyos diferenciales a ganaderos familiares, que permitan mejorar su competitividad y sostenibilidad. Una de ellas ha sido fomentar procesos asociativos, como eje transversal. Este estudio identifica y clasifica formas de acción colectiva existentes en el litoral noroeste del país, analizando los procesos a través de los cuales los individuos se implican en la acción colectiva. Mediante la consulta de fuentes secundarias y la realización de entrevistas, se identificaron cuatro formas de acción colectiva. Con base en ellas se observó que, para los ganaderos familiares, pasar de la acción individual a la colectiva fortalece los procesos de construcción de capital social, generando un ambiente favorable para que los involucrados mejoren sus condiciones económicas y sociales, e incluso modifiquen su situación de “debilidad” organizativa.

AbstractUruguayan cattle raising has provided the image of independent cattle farmers, isolated in scattered exploitations, without organizations or groups. However, reality shows that it is common for family cattle farmers to be integrated into one or several forms of groups of diverse nature. The transformations that have occurred in recent years have challenged left Governments to find the right tools to apply policies and differential support to family cattle farmers, which allows them to improve their competitiveness and sustainability. One of the strategies is the promotion of associative processes as a transversal axis. This study identifies and classifies existing forms of collectives in the northwest coast of the country, analyzing the processes through which individuals are involved in collective action. The identification of four types of collective action is the result of the review of secondary sources and the interviews conducted. This reveals that, for family cattle farmers, moving from individual to collective action strengthens the processes of building social capital, generating a favorable environment for those involved to improve their economic and social conditions, and even modify their organizational "weakness" situation.
El rol de Emiliano como mediador: prácticas organizativas de los campesinos en los proyectos estatales
Authors: Ramos Berrondo Jimena
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar en qué consiste el rol del dirigente de la Corriente Campesina Nacional (COCAN) como mediador de las estructuras de poder del Estado y los criollos del Impenetrable (una región localizada en la provincia del Chaco, noreste de Argentina) durante el periodo 2012-2015. Se aplica una metodología cualitativa, que consistió en observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Se concluye que la COCAN lleva a cabo múltiples prácticas organizativas para resolver las problemáticas de las poblaciones rurales: implementación y gestión de proyectos estatales, negociaciones con autoridades políticas y promoción de actividades culturales y productivas. 

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the leader of the “Corriente Campesina Nacional” (COCAN) as a mediator between state agents and the “criollo” population in the “Impenetrable” (a region located in Chaco, north east of Argentina) during the period 2012-2015. A qualitative methodology is applied, using participant observation and in-depth interviews. The article concludes that the COCAN uses diverse organizational practices to solve rural community problems: implementation and management of state projects, negotiations with political authorities and promotion of cultural and productive activities.
Fortalecer los colectivos campesinos en los Andes ecuatorianos. Análisis desde las provincias de Chimborazo y Cotopaxi
Authors: RebaÏ Nasser
Published: June 2018

Desde hace 30 años, los territorios rurales de los Andes ecuatorianos han sido afectados por un proceso de “modernización” agrícola. Mientras que las especializaciones productivas y el uso masivo de pesticidas químicos tuvieron efectos nefastos en el medioambiente, el declive de las prácticas colectivas y la desestructuración de los grupos campesinos reforzaron la vulnerabilidad social y económica de la agricultura familiar. En este artículo, se pretende ilustrar esta situación crítica a partir de los resultados de trabajos de campo llevados en las provincias de Chimborazo y de Cotopaxi. Un análisis específico permitirá mostrar en qué medida la generalización del uso de plaguicidas constituye un factor clave de la vulnerabilidad de los territorios rurales en la sierra ecuatoriana. Luego, se abrirá una discusión acerca de la necesidad de promover o de fortalecer los colectivos campesinos a fin de poner en marcha proyectos de territorios sostenibles.

Abstract

For thirty years, the rural territories of the Ecuadorian Andes have been affected by a process of agricultural “modernization”. While the productive specializations and the massive use of chemical pesticides had disastrous effects on the environment, the decline of collective practices and the disorganization of peasant groups reinforced the social and economic vulnerability of family farming. This article aims to illustrate this critical situation by basing on the results of fieldworks carried out in the provinces of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi. A specific analysis will show to what extent the generalization of the use of pesticides is a key factor of the vulnerability of the rural territories in the Ecuadorian highlands. Then, a discussion will be opened about the need to promote or strengthen the peasant collectives in order to bring out projects of sustainable territories.
Estimasi Laju Deposisi Sedimen di Muara Gembong Sungai Citarum
Authors: Aliyanta Barokah , Khairina Annisa , Kartikasari Anggita , Lubis Ali Arman
Published: June 2018

Telah dilakukan perhitungan estimasi laju deposisi sedimen melalui teknik analisis Pb-210 menggunakan alat spektrometer alpha di muara Gembong sungai Citarum.Muara Gembong sungai Citarum mengalami pendangkalan yang menganggu aliran sungai ke laut. Pendangkalan yang terjadi diduga karena rusaknya daerah hulu sungai. Dengan mengetahui profil Pb-210 excess pada sampel sedimen muara dapat diestimasi laju deposisi sedimen. Sampel sedimen muara diambil di dua lokasi, masing-masing satu di sebelah kanan dan kiri muara dengan menggunakan paralon berdiameter dalam 3,7 cm denganmetode gravitasi. Sedimen yang diperoleh diperlakukan sebagai sedimen undisturbed yang disimpan dan dibekukan dengan es campur garam di lapangan, yang selanjutnya disimpan dalam freezer di laboratorium. Sedimen yang telah beku dipotong-potong dalam interval yang diinginkan dan dimulai dari sedimen paling dalam. Sedimen yang telah dipotong dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 60oC selama 72 jam, dilakukan perlakuan kimia, dideposisikan dalam plat tembaga murni, dan diukur aktivitas Pb-210 dengan alat spektrometer alpha. Penanggalan umur sedimen dilakukan dengan metode constant of the rate of supply (CRS). Melalui penanggalan umur ini, lebih lanjut diketahui laju deposisi sedimen tiap kurun waktu di kedua lokasi.Laju deposisi rata-rata bulk sedimen cenderung semakin tinggi dari tahun ke tahun, yaitu sebelum tahun 1976 berkisar 0,58 cm/th dan 0,14 cm/th; antara tahun 1976 s/d 1998 berkisar 0,82 cm/th dan 0,89 cm/tahun;  antara 1999 s/d 2016 berkisar 1,28 cm/tahun dan 1,28 cm/tahun, masing-masing untuk lokasi I dan lokasi II.
Kontribusi Nitrogen dari Bakteri Endofit pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Zain Nur Maulidya , Bachtiar Taufiq , Sugoro Irawan
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian isolat mikroba endofit yang berasal dari batang padi varietas Mira-1. Teknik 15N digunakan untuk mengetahui kontribusi masing-masing isolat pada serapan N dalam jerami dan gabah padi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Nopember 2013 hingga Maret 2014 bertempat di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Pemupukan dan Nutrisi Tanaman, PAIR BATAN, Jakarta Selatan. Rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 kali ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi pemberian isolat A1, A3, dan A6 sebagai pembanding digunakan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan) dan pemberian urea 100%. Isolat A3 memberikan peningkatan tertinggi terhadap berat kering tanaman padi dan jumlah malai dengan peningkatan berturut-turut sebesar 33.29% dan 37.73% dari kontrol. Teknik 15N menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi perlakuan A3 dan A6 tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (pemberian urea rekomendasi). Perunutan dengan teknik 15N berhasil menggambarkan bahwa penambatan N2 paling banyak terjadi di jerami padi.
Kontribusi Kompos Jerami-Biochar Dalam Peningkatan P-Tersedia, Jumlah Populasi BPF dan Hasil Padi Sawah
Authors: Noviani Putri Indra , Slamet Sudono , Citraresmini, MP Dr. Ania
Published: June 2018

Bahan organik telah terbukti berperan efektif dalam memulihkan kesuburan tanah. Indikator kesuburan tanah ini antara lain terletak pada kandungan C-organik tanah, jumlah populasi mikroba tanah, kandungan hara tersedia dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh dosis aplikasi kompos jerami-Biochar yang berinteraksi dengan pupuk kimia NPK, terhadap kandungan C-organik tanah, jumlah populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF), ketersediaan P dan hasil tanaman padi sawah. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan interaksi perlakuan yang mampu memperbaiki kesuburan tanah, meningkatkan ketersediaan hara sehingga mendorong produksi tanaman lebih optimal, dan pemakaian pupuk NPK yang efisien. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2014 di kebun percobaan SPLPP Fakultas Pertanian UNPAD, berlokasi di Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah dosis kompos jerami-Biochar dalam 5 taraf dosis (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 t ha-1) dan dosis pupuk NPK dalam 4 taraf dosis yang semakin menurun dari dosis rekomendasi (100%, 80%; 60%; 40%), dengan menerapkan disain percobaan RAK pola faktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan dosis kompos jerami-Biochar 2 t ha-1 mampu menyebabkan perbedaan respons yang signifikan dan tercapainya hasil tertinggi pada parameter respons kandungan C-organik tanah, jumlah populasi BPF, ketersediaan P, dan berat kering gabah. Interaksi 2 t ha-1 kompos jerami-Biochar dengan pupuk NPK mampu menurunkan pemakaian pupuk hingga 40%, pada hasil berat kering gabah tertinggi.
Eliminasi Bakteri Patogen pada Sayur dan Buah sebagai Bahan Baku Salad Siap Santap dengan Iradiasi Gamma
Authors: Rianti Angelina , Nata Buana Efendi Oulan Gustav , El Kiyat Warsono , Harsojo Harsojo
Published: June 2018

Salad siap santap dikategorikan sebagai produk rentan kontaminasi mikroba, sehingga untuk dapat mengurangi risiko tersebut dibutuhkan usaha eliminasi, salah satunya dengan iradiasi gamma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan pemanfaatan iradiasi gamma mampu atau tidak meningkatkan kualitas salad siap santap dari sisi mikrobiologisnya, menjaga sifat fisik dan kimia produk, serta menguji sensitivitas bakteri patogen terhadap iradiasi dan antibiotik. Sampel penelitian adalah sayur selada keriting (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) dan buah mentimun Jepang (Cucumis sativus L. var. kyuri) dengan perlakuan iradiasi 0,5 dan 1 kGy (laju iradiasi 1 kGy/jam). Dilakukan uji mikrobiologi, sifat fisik, kadar air, dan kadar serat kasar. Iradiasi gamma pada sayur selada keriting dan buah mentimun Jepang dengan dosis 0,5 dan 1 kGy terbukti mampu meningkatkan kualitas salad siap santap dengan mereduksi kontaminasi hingga 3 siklus log mikroba, serta mempertahankan sifat fisik dan kimia produk. Sensitivitas bakteri E. coli sayur selada keriting terhadap iradiasi dan antibiotik lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan buah mentimun Jepang.