bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perhitungan neraca massa dan panas pada reaktor polimerisasi; studi kasus pabrik pengolahan bijih plastik
Authors: Santoso Budi , R Lindy Nyimas Annisa , Shanaz VR Siti Aisyah
Published: April 2020

Polipropilen merupakan polimer yang berasal dari monomer propilen. Produksi polipropilen terdiridari beberapa unit termasuk sistem reaksi polimerisasi. Sistem reaksi polimerisasi berlangsung pada sebuahfluidized bed reactor. Alat-alat pendukung reaktor terdiri atas cycle gas cooler, cycle gas compressor, dancycle water pump. Panas reaksi akan dipindahkan dari reaktor menggunakan cycle gas cooler, lalu gas yangtidak bereaksi keluar dari bagian atas reaktor dan masuk ke cycle gas compressor. Pada kondisi ideal reaktorbekerja pada tekanan 30 kg/cm2G dan temperatur 65oC, namun kenyataan yang terjadi di pabrik kondisitersebut terkadang keluar rentan yang ditentukan, karena adanya faktor penghambat. Untuk mengatasimasalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan mengkalkulasi secara rutin neraca massa dan neraca panas padareaktor. Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca panas secara keseluruhan, panas yang hilang sebesar 1,7053x10-13 Mcal/jam. Artinya terdapat panas yang hilang selama proses polimerisasi berlangsung dalam jumlahyang kecil.
Pembuatan biodiesel dari limbah cair kelapa sawit dengan variasi katalis asam sulfat pada proses esterifikasi
Authors: Susila Arita  , Muhammad Rifqi  , Tirtasakti Nugoroho  , Tuty E. Agustina  , Fitri Hadiah
Published: April 2020

Perkembangan industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat mengingat Indonesia merupakan penghasil terbesar kelapa sawit dunia. Hal ini juga perlu mempertimbangkan penanganan limbah yang dihasilkan. Limbah cair kelapa sawit berpotensi dijadikan biodiesel karena masih mengandung asam lemak bebas dan trigliserida. Angka asam bahan baku sebesar 80 perlu diturunkan dahulu dengan esterifikasi karena dapat menurunkan kualitas dan yield biodiesel jika langsung di tranesterifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatkan limbah cair kelapa sawit untuk dijadikan biodiesel serta mengetahui kualitas biodiesel (angka asam, %yield, densitas) yang dihasilkan dilihat dari pengaruh jumlah katalis H2SO4 yang digunakan. Pembuatan biodiesel dilakukan dengan esterifikasi dengan variasi katalis H2SO4 (1,25; 1,35; 1,45; 1,55; dan 1,65 % (v/v)) pada suhu 60oC selama 2 jam. Transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan suhu 60oC selama 1 jam dengan katalis NaOH 1,5% (b/b) dan metanol 35% (b/b). Hasil optimum jumlah H2SO4 untuk penurunan angka asam adalah dengan rasio katalis 1,55% dengan hasil angka asam biodiesel menurun dari 80 menjadi 0,52. Yield optimum yang diperoleh sebesar 75,14% untuk variabel katalis 1,35%. Densitas biodiesel untuk semua variabel telah memenuhi SNI 7182:2015 direntang 0,8608-0,8619 (g/ml).
Multiparametric Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients without Cirrhosis (Clinical Case)
Authors: Borsukov A. V. , Gorbatenko O. A. , Venidiktova D. Yu. , Tagil A. O. , Kovalev A. A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To demonstrate the capabilities of a complex of multiparametric ultrasound and MRI with intravenous contrast in the detection and characterization of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma with the example of a clinical case of a middle-aged patient without liver cirrhosis.

Material and methods: Comprehensive study of medical history, outpatient records, results of clinical, laboratory, instrumental and morphological methods with independent retrospective analysis of the histological preparation of focal liver lesion.

Results: Diagnostic search data are presented in a 48-year-old patient with hepatocellular carcinoma without signs of liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis required 1.5 months of examination in gastroenterological department, repeated review of the histological preparation by morphologists. The disease debuted with weakness after physical exertion, which was noted during a planned multiparameter abdomen ultrasound examination. During the study, multiple focal formations with uneven fuzzy contours, an inhomogeneous structure were visualized. Stiffness of the parenchyma in focal liver lesion is 108.29 kPa due to 2D-SWE. Further tactics consisted of hospitalization with further laboratory examination and abdomen MRI with intravenous contrast enhancement. Considering the results of instrumental examination, the patient was prescribed a puncture aspiration biopsy of focal liver lesion under ultrasound control followed by morphological verification.

Conclusion: The presented clinical observation demonstrates the need of use an integrated approach in instrumental imaging methods in the diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma.
O papel e os desafios do forum no enfoque do desenvolvimento territorial
Authors: Azevedo Sergio Guilherme de , Araújo Cândido Roberto de , Piraux Marc
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo discutimos os objetivos, os resultados e o funcionamento do forum como espaço de nova governança nos territórios, o qual se constitui num dos eixos do projeto desenvolvido pela EMBRAPA, o CIRAD e a FAO em quatro municípios, no Piauí e em Pernambuco. São analisadas as razões da criação do forum e as implicações deste sobre os processos de desenvolvimento territorial. É enfatizada a importância da criação de competências pela formação, as estratégias de incentivo à participação, o fortalecimento das dinâmicas locais e a mobilização dos atores sociais.
STUDIES OF FLIGHT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION AND THE WORKLOADS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OFFICERS
Authors: Sun Weiyang , Wallace Ong Wei-Chuen , Zhong Zhao-Wei
Published: April 2020

We studied a methodology for flight trajectory optimization, and also the workloads of air traffic control officers (ATCOs). Case studies were conducted through simulations for flight trajectory optimization. The aircraft model was A320-200s, which is pre-dominantly utilized in Southeast Asia for short to medium range flights. Fuel savings were computed for selected routes, and were compared with that of existing operations and flights simulations, which revealed significant fuel savings. The research also determined the coefficients of ATCOs’ workloads and demonstrated dynamic sectorization in selected airspace of Southeast Asia. It was found that dynamic sectorization was more efficient than static sectorization in balancing the workloads of ATCOs, reducing the standard deviation by 50% and the balance of workloads among sectors by 12.9%.
AIRLINE SPONSORSHIPS AND SPORTS – AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF MAJOR AIRLINE ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Waguespack Blaise , Ambrose Scott
Published: April 2020

Airline involvement in sport sponsorship has grown over the last few years as sponsorship activity has proven effective as one method to reach a global audience. Aiding in this move to the use of sponsorship is the growing role of social media networks that can be utilized with traditional media and event marketing activities to leverage the impact of the sponsorship. However, the extent of involvement in sports, the leading area of sponsorship activity, and across other events by the world’s major air carriers varies greatly. This review examines the reported sponsorships engagements in sports by leading global airlines at the airline’s web site.
MODELING THE RISK OF ABNORMAL CABIN INCIDENTS IN TAIWANESE AIRLINES: AN APPLICATION OF THE BROWN-GIBSON MODEL AND FAA SAFETY RISK MATRIX
Authors: Yen Jin-Ru
Published: April 2020

While most of the research related to aircraft cabin safety has focused on fire, evacuation, and survival factors, it has been recognized that there are some other incidents that might affect flight safety and merit special attention. In Taiwan, a broad array of cabin incidents that have the potential to affect flight safety have been investigated and labeled as “abnormal cabin incidents,” which include abnormal passenger behavior on board and medical problems. In the present study, the Brown-Gibson Model and Safety Risk Matrix were applied to investigate various ACIs. According to the results, sickness, injury, cell phone usage, the use of mobile electronics, unruly behavior, smoking, and carrying dangerous goods were categorized in the category of “acceptable with mitigation” proposed by the FAA. Excessive drinking, oral abuse, sexual harassment, physical assault, and other types of incidents were categorized in the “acceptable” group. These research results can be used to identify significant incidents related to flight safety and to allow appropriate resources allocation.
INVESTIGATING PASSENGERS’ PERCEIVED VALUE OF FULL SERVICE AIRLINES AND LOW-COST CARRIERS
Authors: Lu Jin-Long
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the customer perceived value seen by Taiwanese passengers who flew between Taipei and Singapore regarding full service airlines and low-cost carriers. We collected a sample of passenger survey data at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. Five constructs, forming into customer perceived value, namely, nonmonetary cost, perception of monetary cost, reputation, service quality, and service contact are identified based on the results of factor analysis. A regression model is then adopted to measure the relationships between customer perceived value and potential determinants. Passengers from traditional airlines determined their perceived value based mostly on what they gained from the airlines. Nevertheless, passengers formed their perceived value for the low-cost carrier, Jetstar in this study, according to the trade-off between what they gave, especially the nonmonetary cost, and what they received.
PILOTS PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT SAFETY: FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY IN UNPRESSURIZED AIRCRAFT CABINS
Authors: Patrão Luís , Zorro Sara , Marques André , Coelho Ana , Silva Jorge
Published: April 2020

Light aviation pilots are exposed to many different environmental situations due to the unpressurised and unacclimatised aircraft cabins. Literature review suggests that a significant number of incidents and fatalities occurring within this type of aviation are related to human factor. This could be a worrying situation because of various psychophysiological reactions shown by different pilots under the same flight conditions. This study analyses the influence of the flight environmental conditions and the pilot’s psychophysiological parameters when performing tasks, and different flight situations, taking some of their everyday habits into consideration. A portable, ergonomic monitoring system was built for the purpose. This system records cerebral oximetry and atmospheric pressure in order to correlate the influence of altitude with the pilot’s physiological response in different stages of the flight. It was observed that physiological reactions such as hypoxia and stress, combined with the environmental conditions, can influence the pilot’s cognitive response.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TURKISH AIRSPACE BY USING GIS
Authors: Yaman Kadriye , Oktal Hakan , Altan Metin
Published: April 2020

In parallel with the rapid growth in Turkish air transportation, air traffic density and congestion of Turkish airspace have been increasing in recent years. The aim of this study is to examine the structural features and the capacity of Turkish airspace. In this context, the map of Turkish airspace containing sector boundaries, routes and waypoints is digitized and transferred to the GIS environment. The real traffic data of Turkish airspace for a period of two peak hours in heavy traffic during August 2007 was provided by the General Directorate of Turkish Airports. Analysis results indicate that the traffic density of Turkish airspace is accumulative especially in certain sectors. The results obtained from the analyses were compared with the existing sector structure of Turkish airspace and some suggestions related to capacity problems are provided. These suggestions can also be used for the strategic planning of airspace.
AIRLINE FARES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SPANISH AND FRENCH TRAVEL AGENCIES
Authors: Alfaro Navarro José-Luis , Andrés Martínez María-Encarnación , Trinquecoste Jean-François
Published: April 2020

The existence of different types of intermediaries - e-tailers, traditional or offline retailers and multichannel retailers - engaged in the sale of airline tickets has enabled consumers to find different prices if they spend time searching for information. This has prompted internet marketing research to increasingly focus on the issue of pricing, analyzing the differences between these retailers with respects to price levels, price dispersion, pricing strategies, etc. Moreover, there are also studies examining the effects of culture on prices. However, there is no literature on the effects of the culture from the supplier point of view. This paper attempts to fill in the gap by studying whether the geographical locations of the travel agencies affect airline ticket prices. In particular, the study compares the price behavior of French and Spanish intermediaries operating exclusively online and those operating simultaneously in travel agencies and on the internet (offline and online). To this end, we consider three routes that connect Madrid, Paris and New York, with data starting four months prior to the departure date (December 16, 2013). The results show several differences in the price levels and price dispersion between intermediaries in relation to the type of retailer and their geographical locations.
EUROPEAN AIR TRAVEL TAX
Authors: Levy Doron , Ziegler Yvonne
Published: April 2020

This paper evaluates the air travel tax in Europe and focuses on the tax levied in Germany. The current status quo and disputes of the air travel tax in Germany and in Europe are explored and recent decisions by the European Union Grand Court and the uropean Commission with regards to the tax are given. The paper contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the role the tax has on possible distortion of competition in Europe and argues that airlines with a point-to-point business model are placed at a competitive disadvantage with respect to their hub-and-spoke counterparts, when the tax is reasoned to encourage environmentally-balanced behavior in air travel.
A COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DELHI AIRPORT PPP PROJECT
Authors: Chaudhuri Sumana , Chaudhuri Ranjan
Published: April 2020

One of the central tenets of the cost benefit analysis (CBA) literature is the divergence between a project’s financial returns and social evaluation of what is desirable from the larger economic priorities and social goals of development. This article focuses on building a base of CBA for Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) as a case for Brownfield PPP Airport Project in India. The process of evaluation of the relative merits of the project in terms of the accrued benefits and costs, serves as a template for future frame of reference in similar PPP airport projects.
UNDERSTANDING AIRLINE BRAND EQUITY DRIVERS: LESSONS FROM A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
Authors: Das Kallol , Khanna Karman , Ganguly Surankita
Published: April 2020

There is increasing consumer involvement and hence, investor interest in the airlines industry, as far as emerging economies is concerned. A study of the literature by the authors did not produce any research paper on the process drivers of brand equity in the context of airlines. Therefore, the present study makes an attempt to address this gap. The primary research question is: What are the driving factors for building brand equity in the case of airline services? This paper uses a “two-case” multiple-case design employing theoretical replication. The cases are based on two Indian organizations, Indigo Airlines and Go Air. Both these businesses are similar in many aspects but have achieved very contrasting outcomes. The primary research question is broken down into following two secondary research questions. How is Indigo Airlines building its brand? How is Go Air building its brand? Data collection involved use of documents, archives, observations, participant-observations, and surveys. Data analysis involved conducting cross-case analysis. The findings have been used to develop a conceptual framework for building brand equity in airlines.
AKHIR ZAMAN MENURUT SURAT 1 TESALONIKA: SEBUAH ANALISA TEOLOGIS-PRAKTIS
Authors: Oet Supriadi
Published: April 2020

The end of time is the subject of much interest today. Then many responses to the end times appear, but those responses tend to lead believers to be passive in this life. A biblical study is needed to understand the end of time. Because not all concepts of the end times make Believers understand how the end times really are. In the midst of the many teaching concepts about the end times, many theologians have also forgotten to give practical applications in dealing with the end times. Through this article, it is hoped that this will help Christians to understand what is the end of time based on 1 Thessalonians and how to deal with it practically.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS PAEDAGOGIS KORELASI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN (PAK) GEREJA DAN KELUARGA DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PELAYANAN GEREJA MASA KINI
Authors: Kurniadi Trisno
Published: April 2020

There are things that are relevant but neglected, and there are also things that are closely related but are forgotten in family life and church service. That is the importance of Christian Religious Education in the context of family and church services today. But the correlation between Christian Religious Education and family would not be realized if there were no educators who understood the nature of Christian Religious education. Therefore through this paper, the author reviews theologically the pedagogical education of the Christian Religion (PAK) of the Church and family and their relevance to the service of the church today.
The Role of Discursive Behavior in the Colombian Conflict
Authors: Školník Milan
Published: April 2020

One of the longest conflicts in Latin-American history ended in 2016 when then Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos signed a peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the largest guerrilla movement in Colombia. His predecessor, the current senator Álvaro Uribe, opposed the peace agreement, believing that an offensive against the guerrillas was the right approach. This article shows how these two Colombian presidents framed guerillas and what strategies and expressions were used in their presidential speeches. The main argument is that the conciliatory discourse of President Santos helped to finally achieve peace. The research paper uses a comparative method and the concept of framing.
Comparison of Eccentric Fixation Measurements Using the Streak Target of an Ophthalmoscope and a Traditional Visuoscopy Target
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey , Gelfond Ilana , Carlson Pamela E. , Campolattaro Brian , Wang Frederick
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To compare measurements of eccentric fixation using two different targets for fixation, a traditional visuoscope target and the streak target of an ophthalmoscope.

Patients and Methods:

Monocular fixation was evaluated using visuoscopy in 47 patients ranging in age from 4 months to 22 years. Visuoscopy measurements were compared using both the traditional visuoscope target and the streak target of a Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope. The streak light was rotated both horizontally and vertically to detect both horizontal and vertical eccentric fixation.

Results:

The streak target improved testability of eccentric fixation in children younger than 3 years compared to the traditional visuoscope target (75% versus 30%). All of the patients older than 3 years were testable using both targets, with both methods yielding the same results. All of the patients with a visual acuity of at least 20/20 also demonstrated central fixation using both techniques.

Conclusions:

Using the streak of a Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope as a visuoscope target allows for testing of eccentric fixation in children younger than 3 years.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:89–96.
Orbital Pseudotumor in a Child With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mahdaviani Sheila , Higgins Gloria C. , Kerr Natalie C.
Published: April 2020

We report a child with persistent fevers, arthritis, and parvoviral infection who subsequently developed unilateral orbital pseudotumor, lytic bone lesions, bilateral anterior uveitis, band keratopathy, and migratory polyarthritis. Our working diagnosis was systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, although pseudotumor of the orbit and lytic bone lesions are not found in this disease.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:185–188.
A Fireworks-Based Approach for Efficient Packet Filtering in Firewall
Authors: N. K. Sreelaja
Published: April 2020

Information protection in computers is gaining a lot of importance in real world applications. To secure the private networks of businesses and institutions, a firewall is installed in a specially designated computer separate from the rest of the network so that no incoming packet can directly get into the private network. The system monitors and blocks the requests from illegal networks. The existing methods of packet filtering algorithms suffer from drawbacks in terms of search space and storage. To overcome the drawbacks, a Fireworks-based approach of packet filtering is proposed in this chapter. Termed Fireworks-based Packet Filtering (FWPF) algorithm, the sparks generated by the fireworks makes a decision about the rule position in the firewall ruleset matching with the incoming packet. The advantage of FWPF is that it reduces the search space when compared to the existing packet filtering algorithms.
Optimization of PID Controller for a Hybrid Power System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Bhongade Sandeep , Chawla M. P. S. , Sahu Bhumika
Published: April 2020

With the advancement of technology, power demand is increasing day-by-day. Energy deficiency problem and increasing petroleum/diesel cost have resulted in severe impacts to many technical facts. Introduction of non-conventional energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic energy, which is clean and copiously present in nature, can be possible solutions to these problems. This chapter presents optimization of a Hybrid power system, with one of swarm intelligent algorithms named as particle swarm optimization (PSO). The hybrid system uses PID controllers for controlling its output. It has been done by studying various combinations of diesel engine generator, wind turbine generator, aqua electrolyzer, fuel cell, and battery. With the optimized system parameters, high-quality power supply can be delivered to the load and the frequency fluctuations can also be minimized.
Research on the Utilization and Evaluation of Library Resource Discovery Systems in China
Authors: Song Linlin , Li Haitao , Li Shihui
Published: April 2020

According to the investigation of library resources discovery system construction in 20 universities in China, the aggregation discovery service provided by the multi-source aggregation function, the discovery function is based on aggregation and the comprehensive revealing function. This article evaluates user usage and acceptance based on refinements of the functions mentioned above. The investigation shows that compared with the diversity of function, users are more concerned about the practicability, the intuition and the academy. Thus, systems should choose the best sources and pay attention to the metadata normalization, and enhance the correlation to standard datasets.
Not fatal venous air embolism after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Romagnoli Daniele , Ghaemian Mobin , D'Agostino Daniele , Corsi Paolo , Giampaoli Marco , Del Rosso Alessandro , Cevenini Matteo , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Davià Giorgio , Artibani Walter , Porreca Angelo
Published: April 2020

Objective: Holmium laser has demonstrated high efficacy in urethral disobstruction. Venous air embolism (VAE) is a rare complication of prostate surgery. Only two cases of venous air embolism (VAE) in patients submitted to HoLEP, have been described. In this paper we show a third case of not fatal VAE after HoLEP. Materials and methods: A case of VAE occurred in holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) due to obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a 70 years old patient. After the procedure, patient’s end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels dramatically decreased at 17 mmHg, with pressure airway (PAW)16 mmHg; oxygen saturation level was at 75%, without any loss in the ventilation circuit and with arterial blood pressure of 94/54 mmHg. Due to the negativity for other suspicions, the suspect of VAE was postulated. Result: The immediate switching from laryngeal mask to Oro Tracheal Intubation increased the oxygen level. A cardiac transthoracic ultrasound was negative for air bubbles inside cardiac cavities, without any alteration in the cardiac kinetics. Arterial blood sample turned negative for any alteration compatible with VAE and catheter continuous vesical irrigation was started to obtain clear washing fluid without blood cloths. The extubated patient showed no neurological defects. Conclusions: An invasive monitoring system is the key to rapidly and correctly identify any embolic episode during this kind of surgery.
Re-examining Australia’s hidden genocide: the removal of Aboriginal children in Australia as an act of cultural genocide
Authors: Mays Emily
Published: April 2020

The 1997 Bringing Them Home Inquiry (BTHI) sparked a significant shift in public understanding of the Stolen Generations. While substantial evidence incriminated the Australian government with acts of genocide, the allegations were subdued by the division around the circumstances in which Aboriginal children were removed. This essay analyses political discourse before and after the BTHI, while offering a contemporary understanding of genocide.
Wielding the past to voice the future: an exploration of Indigenous Australians’ sustained call to be heard
Authors: Khan Joseph
Published: April 2020

This essay explores why ‘voice’ has been a sustained desire for Indigenous Australians throughout history. By placing past efforts surrounding recognition, citizenship and self-determination on a continuum of progress, this text presents an argument for an unwavering, Indigenous voice to be enshrined in the Australian Constitution in order to serve the best interests of Aboriginal Australians.
Constitutional Recognition: reflecting on the prospect and direction in the 46th Parliament
Authors: Cleavin Ashley
Published: April 2020

In an election campaign that spent much time around esoteric ideas like dividend imputation credits and electric vehicle targets, it is strange that little time was spent discussing Labor's proposal to enshrine a Voice to Parliament for First Nations people in the constitution, via referendum. Unlike nations such as New Zealand or Norway, Australia lacks a specified mechanism for First Peoples’ political representation. As with our decades of inaction on constitutional recognition of Australia's Indigenous peoples, this can also be seen manifesting in our inability to improve educational, health, and justice outcomes for Indigenous Australia. Individuals like newly appointed Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Ken Wyatt, and Member for Barton, Linda Burney, can and do break through this glass ceiling. But such examples serve as outliers rather than the norm, as Indigenous Land Rights leader Galarrwuy Yunipingu noted, ‘I have had a place at the table of the best and the brightest in the Australian nation - and at times success has seemed so close, yet it always slips away’ (Yunipingu 2008, para. 20). The Uluru Statement from the Heart sought to show a path forward from the ‘torment of our powerlessness’ and for ‘reforms to empower our people and take a rightful place in our own country’.
Implementation and Evaluation of Management Guidelines for Atopic Eczema for Primary Health Care Nurses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Meintjes Kaarina F
Published: April 2020

The primary health care (PHC) management guidelines for nurses treating children with atopic eczema were developed in a baseline study. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the guidelines through a pilot study in a district in Gauteng, South Africa, in order to identify challenges and to adopt or adjust the guidelines for use by primary health care nurses in South Africa. The ultimate aim is to improve the child’s eczema and quality of life.

A process evaluation research design was followed. Data was collected through 1) in-depth interviews with PHC nurses and also with the parents of children treated by these PHC nurses, and 2) documentation using the patient files of these children.

The results showed that some aspects of the guidelines were used and seen as helpful, especially the complete emollient therapy and the evidence based health education. A simplified version of the guideline will be promoted for use by PHC nurses. The more detailed guideline could possibly be used as a basis to develop a short course on atopic eczema for PHC nurses.
The “Quantitative Discretion Index”: A New Business Ethics Tool to Prevent Opportunistic Earnings Management Practices
Authors: Montani Damiano , Perrini Francesco , Gervasio Daniele , Pulcini Andrea
Published: April 2020

In this article, we build a Quantitative Discretion Index (hereafter referred to as QDI) to identify within the financial statements the most vulnerable areas related to possible opportunistic earnings management (hereafter referred to as EM) practices, with the aim of supporting ethical behaviour in corporate social communications. In order to better explain the QDI construction method, a practical example is implemented, starting from an analysis of the consolidated balance sheet of an Italian listed company operating in the media sector (in 2016).

The QDI might be added to the contents of voluntary information provided by companies that pay attention to ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility.

Within each corporate balance sheet, the QDI allows stakeholders to identify the evaluation discretion areas, where any possible EM practices may be more likely and on which it may be more useful for stakeholders to focus their research attention.

Business ethics aims to mitigate EM practices in social communications, including voluntary communication. Indeed, the discretional nature of the assessment of financial statements items by the administrative body represents one of the main weaknesses in the activity of mitigating earnings management practices.

At present, the literature has dealt with the relations between ethical behaviour and EM; however, the research should also provide tools that can identify and neutralise the possibilities that opportunistic EM practices can be implemented, thus resulting in more ethical business practices.
Composição e estrutura de uma floresta primária atingida por incêndio florestal na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Andrade Dárlison Fernandes Carvalho de , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Avila Angela Luciana de , Gama João Ricardo  Vasconcellos
Published: April 2020

A dinâmica da composição florística de uma área de floresta primária, atingida por fogo, em 1997, na Amazônia brasileira, foi analisada, comparando-se dados de inventários amostrais, realizados nos anos de 1983, 1987, 1989, 1995, 2008 e 2012, em 12 parcelas permanentes de 0,25 hectares, com dados anteriores (14 anos) e posteriores ao incêndio (15 anos). A área de estudo está localizada em uma floresta ombrófila densa, sem histórico de distúrbios antrópicos, na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, oeste do estado do Pará. As questões deste estudo são as seguintes: (1) Qual o efeito de um primeiro incêndio na composição de espécies arbóreas de uma floresta primária na Amazônia? (2) Existe diferença, na diversidade de espécies arbóreas, antes e após o fogo? Para responder essas questões, (i) foram descritas, quantificadas e comparadas a composição de espécies arbóreas de antes e depois o fogo, (ii) foram quantificadas e comparadas a riqueza e a diversidade de espécies arbóreas de antes e após o fogo. Após 15 anos da ocorrência do incêndio, a floresta não registrou perdas em riqueza e diversidade de espécies arbóreas, indicando boa resiliência ao distúrbio. As alterações pós-fogo na composição florística de uma floresta primária são definidas, principalmente, pela entrada e saída de espécies localmente raras, e as espécies com maior densidade e área basal são responsáveis pela manutenção da estrutura da floresta, destacando-se dentre elas: Rinorea guianensis Aubl. e Protium apiculatum Swart.
Avaliação de Cryptococcus Neoformans em Excretas de Pombos (Columba Livia) no Perímetro Urbano do Município de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Souza Naiélen Pires de , Valiatti Tiago Barcelos , Novais Valéria Pinheiro , Romão Natália Faria , Sobral Fabiana De Oliveira Solla
Published: April 2020

Os fungos do gênero Cryptococcus são os causadores da Criptococose em humanos e animais, especialmente Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii. São fungos encontrados em diversas fontes ambientais, dentre elas as fezes dos pombos. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar se há a presença deste fungo na cidade de Ji-paraná nas fezes dos pombos. A escolha dos pontos de coleta baseou-se na alta população de pombos povoando o local, onde foram colhidas 50 amostras em 10 lugares diferentes. A metodologia usada foi descrita por Contin13, sendo realizada a inoculação em ágar Sabouraud, confirmação de cápsula através da microscopia e prova da uréase. Resultados mostraram que das 50 amostras, 26% foram positivas para o Cryptococcus neoformans, confirmando sua ocorrência na cidade de Ji-paraná-RO. Este estudo é inédito na cidade, sendo assim, há a necessidade de mais estudos com este enfoque. Apesar disso, é importante evitar o contato com pombos e suas excretas
Fatores associados a prática de atividade física em idosos usuários de academia da terceira idade de Maringá-PR
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a associação do nível de atividade física com as variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, a capacidade funcional e a força muscular de idosos. Participaram deste estudo transversal 73 idosos fisicamente ativos, usuários das Academias de Terceira Idade do município de Maringá/PR. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a Escala de Latws, Escala de Lawton e os testes Flexão de cotovelo e Levantar e sentar. Houve correlação das atividades básicas com as instrumentais (r=0,26) e com a força muscular de membro inferior (r=0,25), além de relação entre a força muscular de membro superior com a de membro inferior (r=0,44). Conclui-se que idosos praticantes de atividade física (independente do nível) apresentam boa capacidade funcional. Entretanto, aqueles com maior força muscular apresentam maior independência funcional.
Burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in unselected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma referred for germline screening
Authors: Cremin Carol , Lee Michael Kuan‐Ching , Hong Quan , Hoeschen Carolyn , Mackenzie Anna , Dixon Katherine , McCullum Mary , Nuk Jennifer , Kalloger Steve , Karasinska Joanna , Scudamore Charles , Kim Peter T. W. , Donnellan Fergal , Lam Eric C. S. , Lim Howard J. , Neben Cynthia L. , Stedden Will , Zhou Alicia Y. , Schaeffer David F. , Sun Sophie , Renouf Daniel J. , Schrader Kasmintan A.
Published: April 2020

Background

Recent guidelines recommend consideration of germline testing for all newly diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The primary aim of this study was to determine the burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in PDAC. A secondary aim was to compare genetic testing uptake rates across different modes of genetic counselling.

Patients and Methods

All patients diagnosed with PDAC in the province of British Columbia, Canada referred to a population‐based hereditary cancer program were eligible for multi‐gene panel testing, irrespective of cancer family history. Any healthcare provider or patients themselves could refer.

Results

A total of 305 patients with PDAC were referred between July 2016 and January 2019. Two hundred thirty‐five patients attended a consultation and 177 completed index germline genetic testing. 25/177 (14.1%) of unrelated patients had a pathogenic variant (PV); 19/25 PV were in known PDAC susceptibility genes with cancer screening or risk‐reduction implications. PDAC was significantly associated with PV in ATM (OR, 7.73; 95% CI, 3.10 to 19.33, P = 6.14E‐05) when comparing age and gender and ethnicity‐matched controls tested on the same platform. The overall uptake rate for index testing was 59.2% and was significantly higher with 1‐on‐1 consultations and group consultations compared to telehealth consultations (88.9% vs 82.9% vs 61.8%, P < .001).

Conclusion

In a prospective clinic‐based cohort of patients with PDAC referred for testing irrespective of family history, germline PV were detected in 14.1%. PV in ATM accounted for half of all PVs and were significantly associated with PDAC. These findings support recent guidelines and will guide future service planning in this population.
Aquaporin 1 elicits cell motility and coordinates vascular bed formation by downregulating thrombospondin type‐1 domain‐containing 7A in glioblastoma
Authors: Oishi Masahiro , Munesue Seiichi , Harashima Ai , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Hayashi Yasuhiko
Published: April 2020

Background

Aquaporin (AQP) 1 expression has been linked with tumor malignancy but its role in glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal glioma, remains to be clarified.

Methods

AQP1 expression was examined in 33 human GBM specimens by immunohistochemistry. GBM cells (U251 and U87) that stably express AQP1 were established and used for cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and vascular tube formation assays. The GeneChip assay was used to identify differentially expressed genes in AQP1‐expressing cells.

Results

AQP1 was expressed only in tumor cells. AQP1 dose‐dependently accelerated cell migration and invasion, but not proliferation, in GBM cell lines. AQP1 also upregulated cathepsin B, focal adhesion kinase and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9. AQP1 in GBM cells induced wall thickness of ECV304, vascular endothelial cells, in a contact‐dependent manner. Downregulation of thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) was identified in AQP1‐expressing GBM cells in vitro, and was negatively correlated with AQP1 expression in human GBM specimens.

Conclusion

AQP1 is involved in tumor malignancy by facilitating the migration and invasion of GBM cells, and promoting the formation of vascular beds that are characteristic of GBM by downregulating THSD7A.
Lanthanide‐Containing Rotaxanes, Catenanes, and Knots
Authors: Evans Nicholas H.
Published: April 2020

The valuable luminescence, magnetic, and catalytic properties of lanthanide cations are beginning to be exploited in conjunction with structurally exotic mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. This Minireview provides an account of this rapidly developing research area commencing with the use of lanthanides in extended MIM‐containing frameworks. Then, attention turns to discrete lanthanide‐containing pseudorotaxanes, followed by fully interlocked rotaxanes, catenanes and knots – where lanthanides have not only been incorporated into MIM architectures but have also been used to template formation of the interlocked structure. Particular focus is paid to examples where the lanthanide MIMs have been put to useful applications, in what is still a relatively youthful avenue of research in both lanthanide coordination chemistry and the chemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules.
Data gathering and aggregation with selective transmission technique to optimize the lifetime of Internet of Things networks
Authors: Al‐Qurabat Ali Kadhum M. , Kadhum Idrees Ali
Published: April 2020

The periodic sensor networks (PSNs) represent the bigger provider of data to the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their use in a wide range of IoT applications. Examples of IoT applications using PSNs are disaster recovery, connected vehicles, smart healthcare, smart cities, smart grids, and networks of robots. In PSNs, the large volume of data gathering and aggregation represent significant challenges that must be handled in the IoT applications. Therefore, it is necessary to find a dynamic way to gather data and get rid of the redundancy in the gathered data prior to transferring it to the sink (base station) for the sake of extending the PSN lifetime and preserving its energy. This article proposes data gathering and aggregation with selective transmission (DGAST) technique for optimizing lifetime in PSNs of IoT applications. DGAST gathers periodically the sensor data to extend the sensor's battery lifetime. DGAST protocol divides the lifetime of PSN into rounds. There are four phases in each round: data gathering, data aggregation, selective transmission, and adjusting the frequency of samples taken for each node in the context of dynamic climate change of the sensed environment. OMNeT++ simulator and real sensory data gathered at Intel Lab are used in the simulation experiments. The results of the simulation demonstrate DGAST efficiency in comparison with prefix frequency filtering (PFF) and Harb protocols, that is, overhead reduction up to 67% in gathered data, 73% in transmitted data, and 78% in consumed energy while maintaining the accuracy of sent data as high as 94.6%.
Evaluation of low-volume post-dilution online hemodiafiltration with Japanese high-performance hemodiafilters
Authors: Sakurai Kenji , Hosoya Hiromi , Kurihara Yoshitaka , Yamauchi Fumi , Suzuki Ayumi , Kurosawa Kaori , Saito Takeshi
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To assess the removal performance of low-volume post-hemodiafiltration (HDF) with Japanese hemodiafilters and the removal performance with 20 % reduction in the total dialysate flow rate (Qdtotal).

Methods

Subjects were 8 patients undergoing pre-HDF. Study 1: Post-HDF was performed at a blood flow rate (Qb) of 250 mL/min and a total volume of substitution fluid (Vs) of 12 L/session(s) for 4 hrs using Fineflux-210Seco (FIX), ABH-21PA (ABH), and NVF-21H (NVF). We assessed removal efficiency of small molecular solutes, low-molecular-weight-proteins and the amount of albumin loss. Study 2: Post-HDF was performed at Vs of 12 L/s under G-1, Qdtotal of 500 and Qb of 250 mL/min; G-2, Qdtotal of 400 and Qb of 250 mL/min; and G-3, Qdtotal of 400 and Qb of 300 mL/min. Removal efficiency was compared and analyzed between these conditions.

Results

Study 1: The results using FIX, ABH and NVF are shown in order. The Kt/V were 1.8, 1.9 and 1.8. The β2-Microglobulin (MG) removal rate (RR) (%) were 81.2, 83.1 and 82.8, and the α1-MG RR were 37.4, 40.2 and 38.5, respectively. Study 2: The results in G-1, 2 and 3 are shown in order. The Kt/V and the RR of small solutes, were significantly higher in G-3. The β2-MG RR (%) were 81.2, 80.1 and 81.0, and the α1-MG RR were 37.4, 37.5 and 38.0, respectively.

Conclusions

Low-volume post-HDF performed at Qb of 250 mL/min with Japanese high-performance hemodiafilters exhibited favorable removal efficiency for all solutes. Even with 20 % reduction in Qdtotal, the removal performance was also favorable.
Sparse Scanning Electron Microscopy Data Acquisition and Deep Neural Networks for Automated Segmentation in Connectomics
Authors: Potocek Pavel , Trampert Patrick , Peemen Maurice , Schoenmakers Remco , Dahmen Tim
Published: April 2020

With the growing importance of three-dimensional and very large field of view imaging, acquisition time becomes a serious bottleneck. Additionally, dose reduction is of importance when imaging material like biological tissue that is sensitive to electron radiation. Random sparse scanning can be used in the combination with image reconstruction techniques to reduce the acquisition time or electron dose in scanning electron microscopy. In this study, we demonstrate a workflow that includes data acquisition on a scanning electron microscope, followed by a sparse image reconstruction based on compressive sensing or alternatively using neural networks. Neuron structures are automatically segmented from the reconstructed images using deep learning techniques. We show that the average dwell time per pixel can be reduced by a factor of 2–3, thereby providing a real-life confirmation of previous results on simulated data in one of the key segmentation applications in connectomics and thus demonstrating the feasibility and benefit of random sparse scanning techniques for a specific real-world scenario.
Inflow and Outflow (Jets) in NGC 1275
Authors: Nagai Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

NGC 1275 is one of the best targets to study the high energy emission mechanism in radio galaxies and the accretion flow properties using a young re-started jet 3C 84 as a prober of subpc-to-pc scale environment. In this proceeding, we review the observation results from a series of our VLBI observations and discuss on the origin of gamma-ray emission and accretion flow properties. We also briefly present the preliminary results from our recent ALMA observations.
Ultra fast outflows, and their connection to accretion and ejection processes in AGNs
Authors: Lia Longinotti Anna
Published: April 2020

The growing evidence for energy-conserving outflows in powerful and luminous AGN supports the idea that high-velocity winds launched from the accretion disc evolve systematically after undergoing a shock with the ambient medium and that they are capable to expel enough mass and energy so as to produce feedback. This talk will give an overview of recent results on AGN ultra fast outflows, with focus on grating X-ray spectra of bright sources. I will review how UFO work, their observational properties and their relation with AGN outflows in other bands, what is their impact on the host galaxies and their role in feedback processes.
Search for QPOs in Perseus with Fermi LAT
Authors: Nemmen Rodrigo , de Menezes Raniere , Paschalidis Vasileios
Published: April 2020

We report the analysis of the gamma-ray variability of NGC 1275–the radio galaxy at the center of the Perseus cluster. NGC 1275 has been observed continuously with the Fermi Large Area Telescope over the last nine years. We applied different time-domain analysis methods including Fourier, wavelets and Bayesian methods, in order to search for quasi-periodic oscillations in the gamma-ray emission. We found no evidence for periodicities of astrophysical origin.
Optoelectronic generation of transient waveforms for UWB radars with rejected frequencies
Authors: Hyvernaud Jeremy , Reineix Gwenael , Negrier Romain , Andrieu Joel , Lalande Michele , Couderc Vincent
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a new design of an optoelectronic system for transient waveforms shaping, with a selection of rejected frequencies, is presented. The generation of short pulses is performed with several optoelectronic generators using photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) operating in linear switching mode and triggered via a laser pulse. With the appropriate number of generators, the system generates a spectrum ranging from 300 MHz to 3 GHz, with rejected frequencies at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. A PCSS characterization has been set up to determine the necessary parameters for the establishment of an optoelectronic generator model on Keysight Advanced Design System software (ADS). Experimental tests have been realized using measurement benches to compare the simulated and measured signals.