bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regresi Nonparametrik dengan Pendekatan Deret Fourier pada Data Debit Air Sungai Citarum
Authors: Nur Wisisono Intaniah Ratna , Nurwahidah Ade Irma , Andriyana Yudhie
Published: March 2019

River discharge is one of the factors that affect the occurrence of floods. It varies over time and hence we need to predict the flood risk. Since the plot of the data changes periodically showing a sines and cosines pattern, a nonparametric technique using Fourier series approach may be interesting to be applied. Fourier series can be estimated using OLS (Ordinary Least Square). In a Fourier series, nonparametric regression the level of subtlety of its function is determined by their bandwidth (K). Optimal bandwidth determined using the GCV (Generalized Cross Validation) method. From the calculation results, we have optimal bandwidth which is equal to 16 with R2 is 0.7295 which means that 72.95% of the total variance in the river discharge variable can be explained by the Fourier series nonparametric regression model. Comparing to a classical time series technique, ARIMA Box Jenkins, we obtained ARIMA (1,0,0) with RMSE 83.10 while using Fourier series approach generate a smaller RMSE 50.51.
Request Strategies used by the Main Character in the Movie “The Blind Side”
Authors: Marchella Astrinita Anantama , Saputra Erwin Rahayu
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on the request strategies used by the female main character (Leigh Anne Tuohy) in the movie ‘The Blind Side’. In conducting her analysis, the writer is very much indebted to Trosborg, 1995, especially, through his theory of request strategies. The writer used qualitative approach by applying interpretive framework in describing the data. Leigh Anne Tuohy‘s utterances which contain request strategies are the data source of this study. The results show that there are ten types of request strategies used by the female character in the movie. In addition to finding the types of request strategies, the writer also describes the situation and condition of the main character when she is giving the requests to some body else.
Apology Strategies Expressed by the Characters in The Proposal Movie
Authors: Nabilah Amatullah , Aliah Nuraziza
Published: March 2019

This research is based on the fact that mistake may occur in human interaction. To minimize its effect, the interlocutor needs to apologize to his/her counterparts. This research focuses on the apology strategies, namely the ways of expressing apologies and the social functions of the apologies in “The Proposal” movie. Descriptive research is applied to investigate the phenomenon of apology. The data were verbal and nonverbal apology expressions taken from the English transcript of the movie. The researcher found 32 data containing apology expressed by the characters. An expression of regret comes as the dominant strategy, direct apologies are expressed more than the indirect ones and assuaging the addressee’s wrath is the most dominant function of the apologies. Even though making mistakes or offence is unavoidable in human communication, by expressing an apology, the speaker will be able to minimize its effect, solve the problem, and restore the threatened relationship.
A Portrait of Male’s Struggle Quality in William Somerset Maugham’s Liza Of Lambeth
Authors: Wigayanti Fajar Aulia , Miftachudin Miftachudin
Published: March 2019

This article attempts to analyze William Somerset Maugham’s novel entitled Liza of Lambeth. This novel tells about Liza who is loved by two men, Jim and Tom, who want Liza as their lover, so they make some efforts to get her. This article focuses on analyzing the male characters’ struggle to attract Liza. The aims of this article are to describe the main characters’personality and to reveal the quality of the male characters’ struggle in the novel. Dealing with the focus of the study, this study uses theory of character as the basic concept to lead the further analysis using existentialism theory to depict the male characters’ struggle, and it is supported by theory of interpersonal attraction. For the last, the main point of this study will be directed to theory of deconstruction which reveals that everyone who works hard is not guaranteed to be a success. Furthermore, this paper also  tries to reflect some points with Islamic value.
Speech-Language Therapy Given to King George VI in The King’s Speech Movie
Authors: Sa’adah Sa’adah , Nor Hidayah
Published: March 2019

Language is a vital ability that one person should have in order to get connected with other people. One of the possible ways to build a good relationship with other people is speech, which cannot be separated from language. Unfortunately, not all people have the ability to manage their speech. Such problem called by psycholinguists as speech disorder is well captured in a true story movie entitled ‘The King’s Speech’. The main character in the movie, King George VI, has some difficulties to produce language especially when he has to perform speech in public. This research aimed to figure out the phenomena of speech disorder found in the movie. Using descriptive qualitative approach, the writer attempted to analyze the language productivity problems and the possible therapy given to solve the problems. The results show that King George VI has several speech disorder such as disfluency, articulation disorder and muteness. But, with some treatments, such as, muscle strengthening exercises, breathing strengthening exercises and phonetics therapy, he finally could reduce and overcome his speech disorder much better than the one he had beforehand.
Women’s Linguistic Features in Two Dramas
Authors: Khoirot Aifi Umdatun , Rohmah Zuliati , Puspitasari Desi
Published: March 2019

The present paper aims at describing linguistic features of two women who have two different characteristics—feminine and less feminine—as apparent in “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” and “The Lover” dramas. Using Robin Lakoff’s (1975) women’s linguistic features, the research found out that not all features occur in the dialogues of the two female characters with other characters. Nine features were applied by Martha in “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” drama and seven features were used by Sarah in “The Lover.”  Based on the analysis of the data, it is uncovered that the use of the women’s linguistic features reflects uncertainty and lacking of confidence on the part of the women in their conversation.
Learning Strategies Used by The British Institute for Upper Intermediate and Advanced Students
Authors: Rachmawati Iin
Published: March 2019

Practicing is an important factor in learning a second language. People all over the world learn their first language and also second language through practice with other people. Yet, different people may use different ways of learning, which are known as learning strategies. This study is concerned with language learning strategies reported to be used by students of upper intermediate and advanced level at a private language institute in Surabaya. It aims to identify the learning strategies most frequently used by the two groups of respondents and to identify differences and similarities in strategy used by the two groups. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Using Rebecca Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), the study found that the two groups of respondents used different types of learning strategies. Most frequently used strategies by the upper intermediate students include cognitive, compensation, and meta-cognitive strategies, while the advanced students mostly used social strategies. In addition, the two groups of students showed other differences and some similarities in the strategy use in terms of both type and frequency.
Teaching English at Primary School
Authors: Ayuningtias Diah Ikawati
Published: March 2019

There is a fear that teaching foreign language to primary school students may distract the growth of nationalism feeling of the students. It is due to the fact that children within 6 to 12 years old are vulnerable. They are easy to be influenced or shaped by other cultures. Within this age, they are still in the process of developing themselves, in the aspect of personality and social life. However, research conducted on this matter does not prove that teaching foreign language to primary school students can obstruct the growth of students’ nationality feeling. The aim of this article is to present literature review related to the questions whether teaching English as a foreign language may distract students’ growth of nationality feeling. Then it goes further on the explanation on the requirements that policy maker must prepare when deciding to include English lesson as one of the subjects taught at primary school level.
Katniss Everdeen’s Linguistic Features in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games
Authors: Nafilaturif’ah Nafilaturif’ah
Published: March 2019

Linguistic features become the main issue analyzed in this study since it gets much attention from numerous academics. To focus the analysis, Lakoff’s theory of Women’s Linguistic Features is adopted. In addition, Holmes (1992), Sandriani (2012) and Wright (2002)’s features of male’s language are also utilized. In the matter of collecting and analyzing the data, the researcher selects qualitative content analysis and descriptive research designs to deeply investigate Katniss’ utterances and the author’s description. The researcher herself becomes the only instrument – human instrument. Reading and selecting the data from the entire text of The Hunger Games is a part of data collection steps. Then, the procedures of data analysis contain identifying, classifying and elaborating the data. Drawing the conclusion is also the last step required. 23 utterances of women’s linguistic features and 45 utterances of men’s linguistic features eventually become the result of this study. To conclude, Katniss is linguistically portrayed as following men’s linguistic features more frequently than women’s linguistic features.
Treating Arab Women in Jean Sasson’s Princess Sultana’s Daughters
Authors: Sifana Amaliah
Published: March 2019

Arabian life is depicted through the novel of Jean Sasson’s Princess Sultana’s Daughters. There are some different treatments accepted by Arab men and women, for example the culture which more honor towards men than women. This case causes the violence and injustice faced by the women. The Arabs often treat them such that by using Islamic teachings as the basis to strengthen their deed. This thesis focuses on analyzing the background of Arabian culture in treating women. This article basically uses Cultural Studies perspective and concept on patriarchy which mainly focuses on Arabian culture making women subordinated. The result shows that the depiction of treating Arab women is based on the cultural tradition.
Transitivity Process and Ideological Construction of Donald Trump's Speeches
Authors: Anggraini Nova , Fidiyanti Murni
Published: March 2019

This research is the collaborative study of Critical Discourse Analysis with the new grammar perspective of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory focusing on Transitivity System. It investigates the pattern of transitivity process that reveals the linguistic strategies as well as its ideological construction of Donald Trump’s speeches in the 45th United States presidential election. The writer mainly utilizes Fairclough’s framework for CDA which consists of three stages of analysis consisting of description, interpretation, and explanation. Under descriptive-qualitative method, this research significantly gives an understanding about how transitivity processes can be used to reveal the ideology. As the result, Donald Trump uses variety language during his speeches. It is because he applies all the types of transitivity process proposed by M.A.K. Halliday which consists of six types: material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, and existential. The transitivity processes eventually reveal that Donald Trump attempts to construct democracy view during his speeches.
Minority Voices In Power Rangers Movie
Authors: EWK Elisabeth Ngestirosa
Published: March 2019

Power Rangers is a 2017 superhero movie that was previously known in Power Rangers film series. Power Rangers attracts consumers of all ages and backgrounds, and it quickly becomes the box office in the world. This movie gets some critics and controversial responds. The urgency of this study is to respond the controversial issues toward the movie considered harmful for children. My aim to have this study is to expose some important issues which relate to minority groups. The study ascertains minority voices perceived as right equality issue despite many negative issues lingering this movie. This issue links to liberties which include freedom of life stated in US Bill of Human Right. This study applies popular literature approach and Hall representation theory. Research result shows the minority voice that reveals the positive image of minority group such as the powerful and independent individual. It also portrays, courage, confidence, humanities, cares and love, friendship and team working, trust and support, justice and anti-bullying. Those issues are gathered in the scenes from the image: the acceptance of color people and the right of LGBT represented by some characters.
Love-Death Hanna Schmitz in Bernhard Schlink's The Reader Novel
Authors: Kaprisma Hendra , Rusnalasari Zulidyana Dwi
Published: March 2019

Literary research, essentially is a process of meeting between literary works and researchers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the reader's situation and reading situation when dealing with literary works. The reader already has a certain amount of knowledge that is realized or will not equip the reading. The knowledge will fill the horizon of understanding when reading the text (novel) with its contextuality. That horizon then directs the reading. Therefore, reading is not a process that runs in one direction, but rather a form of dynamic interaction between the text and the reader. Likewise in the novel The Reader by Bernhard Schlink, readers / researchers will not be able to be separated from the context behind the work. The history of the holocaust sets the stage for telling love stories between Hanna and Michael. The history and love story are interrelated. Literary writers provide a strong setting in the narrative of telling the novel. In the end, the novel became a documentary of the imagination and creativity of the writer in relation to social relations.
Estereotipos, roles de género y cadena de cuidado. Transformaciones en el proceso migratorio de las mujeres
Authors: Monreal Gimeno María Del Carmen , Cárdenas Rodríguez Rocío , Martínez Ferrer Belén
Published: March 2019

Desde la década de los 80, el análisis las consecuencias de los procesos migratorios en las relaciones y roles de género, así como en el cuidado familiar ha adquirido cada vez mayor relevancia. El proceso migratorio tiene un fuerte impacto en los roles de género, sobre todo en el papel que desempeñan las mujeres migrantes, protagonistas de su proyecto migratorio, al obtener una independencia económica y ser las proveedoras de recursos de sus familias. En el presente artículo, se analizan los efectos que tiene la migración femenina en las transformaciones de los roles de género, tanto en el origen como en el destino. Finalmente, se señalan los principales retos de investigación e intervención en este ámbito y sus implicaciones.
Measuring the social impact: An example of Slawek Foundation
Authors: Snarska Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

The article is aimed at presenting the most commonly used existing methods of measuring the social impact generated by a social enterprise using an example, a case study of Slawek Foundation. The Foundation serves the prisoners, ex-prisoners and their families with a goal of bringing them back to the society, so that they were able to return to life and live under the rule of law. The article is composed of a brief description of social value, social impact categories and the most commonly used methods of measuring the social value: the logic model (theory of change) and SROI, and next it shows a case study use of those methods for Slawek Foundation.
Sharing economy in the opinion of officials and entrepreneurs of the Świętokrzyskie Province: Conclusions from empirical research
Authors: Banaszek Marcin
Published: March 2019

Sharing economy is a socio-economic phenomenon consisting in the direct provision of services by people, co-creation and sharing of available resources. Its main purpose is to move from ownership to access. The purpose of the article is to present the phenomenon of sharing economy in the context of urban issues in the awareness of officials and entrepreneurs of the Świętokrzyskie Province. In the tests, which were both qualitative and quantitative, the method of diagnostic survey and two research techniques were used: in-depth interview technique and survey technique. The tools used to conduct the research are an interview questionnaire and a questionnaire. The sharing economy is a relatively low developed area in the Świętokrzyskie province. Confidence is one of the critical factors that enable the functioning of the sharing economy.
Motivations & Experiences of Postgraduate Anatomy Training
Authors: Cameron James , Bilszta Justin , Reid Katharine J , Briggs Chris
Published: March 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Anatomy teaching at medical schools has undergone significant changes in philosophy, and reduction in content, in recent years. Senior clinicians and speciality training Colleges have raised concerns regarding these changes and questioned their impact on 'anatomical competence' and adequacy of training for safe clinical practice. The literature on the perceptions of medical school anatomy teaching among those preparing to enter post-graduate training (i.e. towards a specialist qualification) is sparse. Aim: To assess the motivations for study, and experiences of training, in junior doctors undertaking an intensive post-graduate anatomy training program. Methods: A sample of candidates (13/119, 10%) undertaking the University of Melbourne Graduate Diploma in Surgical Anatomy were recruited for interview. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using a combination of thematic and contextual approaches. Key themes were identified and explored. Results: Participant responses fell into two broad categories - motivations for enrolling into the course and their actual experiences of the course. The primary motivation for enrolling into the course was the perceived career requirement to do so, with participants asserting that attending such courses was perceived as mandatory for success in specialty training. Once enrolled, participants valued the teaching and learning and enjoyed the academic pursuit of high-level anatomy study. These benefits, however, were offset by a range of undesirable outcomes associated with undertaking the course. Participants identified the financial cost of the course, the unwillingness of employers to provide rostered study leave and the negative impact on work-life balance as the most significant challenges. Conclusions: Understanding the concerns and expectations of junior doctors preparing for a speciality training program by increasing their anatomy knowledge has implications for both Colleges and medical educators. The participants in this study recognised the limitations in their anatomy knowledge and actively sought additional training at significant financial and personal cost to themselves. This was counterbalanced by the perceived benefits to their career, and an opportunity to enter a specialist training program, by completing additional study.
Aspectos psicológicos e qualidade de vida na Residência Médica
Authors: Abreu-Reis Phillipe , Oldoni Carolina , de-Souza Geovanna Andrade Labres , Bettega Ana Luísa , Góes Marina Nardelli , Sarquis Lucas Mansano , Brunello Luis Fernando Spagnuolo , Tomasich Flávio Saavedra , Collaço Iwan Augusto , Nasr Adonis
Published: March 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a percepção de qualidade de vida entre residentes no primeiro ano de Residência Médica em relação aos residentes de outros anos, dada a importância dessa questão na saúde. Métodos: estudo comparativo, transversal e analítico realizado no período de fevereiro a abril de 2016, realizado em um hospital de trauma terciário de referência do Brasil. Médicos residentes foram submetidos voluntariamente ao questionário validado da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) sobre qualidade de vida, o WHOQOL-BREF, com preenchimento online. Os residentes foram divididos em dois grupos: primeiro ano de residência (R1) e outros anos de residência. Resultados: noventa e sete residentes de diversas especialidades médicas responderam ao questionário. Desses, 59 eram homens e 38, mulheres. A média de idade foi de 27,7 anos. Residentes do primeiro ano representaram 49,5% dos entrevistados. A qualidade de vida de maneira global foi considerada regular em ambos os grupos. Em relação ao domínio psicológico, houve diferença significativa entre o R1 (este, com piores escores neste domínio) e os demais anos de residência (p<0,0000001). Conclusão: a qualidade de vida dos residentes do primeiro ano é pior em relação aos demais, tendo uma variação significativa de sentimento positivo, capacidade de aprender, memória, pensamento e concentração, autoestima, imagem corporal e aparência e sentimentos negativos em relação aos médicos residentes dos outros anos.
Impasses no acesso ao saber na clínica psicanalítica com crianças
Authors: Couto Júnia Graziele de Almeida , Lima Nádia Laguárdia
Published: March 2019

Resumo Este artigo investiga as relações da criança com o saber. O ponto de partida é a prática clínica com crianças que apresentaram impasses no acesso ao saber escolar e, na investigação analítica, revelaram a trama inconsciente na qual o saber ocupa um lugar no sintoma familiar. Apresentaremos a discussão teórica considerando que o acesso ao saber porta uma dimensão estrutural de impedimento, que é a impossibilidade do saber diante da castração. Sendo assim, percorreremos dois caminhos para discutir o que impede o acesso ao saber. No primeiro caminho abordaremos a relação entre demanda e desejo e suas incidências sobre a criança. No segundo percurso discutiremos a relação entre saber e verdade, explorando as relações e os limites entre os dois termos, acrescentando a essa discussão um terceiro termo essencial: o gozo.
Fermented milk beverage: formulation and process
Authors: Andrade Márcio Rodrigues de , Martins Thayrine Rodrigues , Rosenthal Amauri , Hauck Júlia Tiburski , Deliza Rosires
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: Dairy products are an adequate alternative as functional foods since they present excellent nutritional value, have wide acceptance with consumers, and are potential matrices for inoculation of probiotic microorganisms. The present study aimed to develop a fermented milk beverage with fruits and a probiotic culture included, to evaluate the acceptance of this product among consumers to define the ideal formulation, and to perform Lactobacillus acidophilus counting in order to characterize the product as a probiotic food. For the formulation of the beverage, milk, whey, sugar, and pasteurized orange and papaya pulps were used as main ingredients. The beverage formulation consisted of mixing the fruit pulps with a dairy substrate of milk and whey which was previously fermented using a mixed commercial probiotic ABT-5 culture. Six formulations were tested. The milk substrate was maintained at 70%. These formulations consisted of 50% of mineral water and 50% of skimmed milk with a concentration of probiotics of 0.5g/L. Sugar concentration varied between 40g, 70g, or 100g. As for flavoring, the juice was composed of 180mL of papaya and 120mL of orange, or 150mL of papaya and 150mL of orange. Beverages were prepared and then stored at 5±1°C. These products were evaluated after 24 hours of preparation/storage by 90 tasters (consumers) for acceptance and sensory characterization. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The differences between samples were evaluated using the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. Acceptance of the beverage samples among tasters varied from 5.1 to 6.9 and ranged between the hedonistic terms I neither liked nor disliked it and somewhat enjoyed it in a 9-point hedonic scale. The enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 ranged from 7.83 to 8.09log CFU/mL in the first week of refrigerated storage. Our results suggested that the beverages analyzed were suitable for inoculation of probiotics and met the legislation requirements. Therefore, these beverages should be classified as probiotic products. Samples with 10% sugar were the least preferred by the study participants whereas beverages containing 40g, 70g and 180mL of papaya juice and 120mL of orange juice and the sample with 70g of sugar, 150mL of papaya juice, and 150mL of orange juice did not differ significantly from each other in terms of acceptance and were; therefore, the 3 formulations that received the highest means of acceptance by consumers.
Consumer behavior: conditioners on the purchase decision of fluid milk
Authors: Breitenbach Raquel , Brandão Janaína Balk
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: Considering economic, contingent and cultural conditions that interfere with consumer demand, the objective of this research was to evaluate the degree of importance of these variables in the decision of the Brazilian consumer to buy fluid milk. A total 1,015 milk consumers were sampled through non-probabilistic tools such as researchers’ contact network, snowballing, and self-generated samples, in a virtual questionnaire. Non-parametric tests and univariate statistical analyzes were applied, including the chi-square test. The consumer profile interferes with the selection criteria in the purchase of fluid milk as follows: (a) women consider “price”, “product origin”, “friend recommendation”, “product appearance”, “sales offers”, and “brand” as the most important conditioners; (b) young people, aged between 18 and 25, consider “product origin” a less important attribute; (c) consumers over 45 years of age value “price” the less; (d) consumers with incomes of up to one minimum wage value “sales offers” the most. This research theoretically confirmed the hypothesis that prior information regarding milk production, especially brands, lead the decision to buy fluid milk, especially in women case. Product price and availability are complementary constraints.
Cetacean movements in coastal waters of the southwestern Atlantic ocean
Authors: Santos Marcos C. de O. , Laílson-Brito José , Flach Leonardo , Oshima Júlia E. F. , Figueiredo Giovanna C. , Carvalho Rafael R. , Ventura Elisa S. , Molina Julia M. B. , Azevedo Alexandre F.
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Cetaceans were monitored along ca. 700 km of the southeast coast of Brazil (22°S to 25°S) from 1995 to 2014 using photo-identification. The objective of this study was to identify any presence of long-distance movements for monitored cetacean species and discuss implications. Data on long-range movements of four of the monitored species are presented after the analysis of 321,765 photographs taken for individual identification. Seven individuals from four populations of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) considered resident to particular estuaries or bays were reported in dispersal involving movement between pairs of protected areas over long-range distances varying between 86 and 135 km. Three cataloged rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis), first seen in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro state (22°46'S) in November 2011, were sighted 240 km southwards as members of the same group in coastal waters of São Paulo state (23°46'S) in July 2014. Water depth for those sightings ranged from 16 to 52.7 m; local sightings of rough-toothed dolphins in Brazil have frequently been in shallow waters, but the species global distribution is usually associated with deeper waters. In a 27-day interval in the spring of 2012, a group of 16 orcas (Orcinus orca) travelled ca. 277 km in shallow coastal waters ranging from 20 to 30 m deep. Orcas are commonly observed between November and February in southeast Brazil, probably in search for prey. In summer months between 2012 and 2014, three Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) sighted in waters ranging from 14 to 49 m deep, moved between 218 and 327 km. Bryde's whales are usually found in local coastal waters where they spend summer months feeding on sardines. To date, these are the longest estimated movements reported to S. guianensis, S. bredanensis, O. orca and B. edeni in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
Through Rainy Days: Advancing Education and Health amidst an Unfavorable Local Economy
Authors: Karruz Ana Paula
Published: March 2019

Abstract Introduction While life standards have substantially ameliorated in Brazil, the last few years witnessed a slow-growing economy, raising concerns on whether educational and public health improvements will endure. Questions are posed regarding how governments countrywide may shelter against economic turbulence and keep improving social conditions through rainy days. In particular, what public policy can do to sustain or even increase human development (HD) in the absence of economic growth (EG)? Materials and Methods This study explores the sociodemographic and budgetary traits of Brazilian municipalities that experienced less-than-expected growth in the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)’s income dimension, nonetheless advanced more than expected on schooling and longevity. Municipalities whose mean per capita income advanced less than foreseen were grouped according to growth in MHDI’s social dimensions. Chances of falling into a given group were estimated through a multinomial logit model. Results The analysis suggests that, in a stalled or slow economy, the probability of social improvement is sensitive to families’ income level, educational achievement in households with children, local budget composition and apportionment, age and size of population, and already existing HD levels. Discussion I argue that non-income influences - namely, public policy from central and local governments - can have substantive effects on HD, containing losses or even promoting HD advancements amidst an unfavorable economy. Such assertion builds upon works from Development Studies, adapting them from the cross-country perspective to the cross-municipality level. Additionally, research on decentralization and fiscal federalism provide grounds for adjusting the theoretical model. A more balanced countrywide distribution of family and government resources foreshadows lesser vulnerability through rainy days.
Política Externa e Legislativo no Paraguai do Presidente Lugo
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Feliu , Oliveira Maria Letícia Claro
Published: March 2019

Resumo Introdução: O artigo avalia a associação entre fatores políticos e institucionais e a capacidade do presidente Lugo aprovar as suas iniciativas legislativas, desagregando a análise por temas de política doméstica e política externa. O objetivo é averiguar, no marco de um presidencialismo multipartidário, a hipótese da maior propensão do Congresso Nacional em aprovar as iniciativas presidenciais em política externa quando comparadas às de política doméstica. Materiais e Métodos: A análise empírica engloba a tramitação de todas as 839 iniciativas presidenciais realizadas entre 2008 e 2012, cujo objeto de investigação é a aprovação ou não da proposta. Resultados: Por meio de um modelo logístico, encontramos um presidente fortemente constrangido pelo Legislativo nos assuntos domésticos e outro presidente com amplas condições de aprovar a agenda de política externa. Ademais, constatamos que fatores políticos e econômicos como a aprovação popular do presidente, o desemprego e a inflação alteram a propensão da proposta legislativa presidencial ser aprovada no Legislativo. Discussão: A comprovação da tese dos dois presidentes em um presidencialismo multipartidário com baixa propensão institucional ao predomínio presidencial no processo legislativo demonstra a especificidade da política externa quando comparada à política doméstica.
Varredura espaço-temporal para identificação de áreas de risco para hospitalização de crianças por asma em Mato Grosso
Authors: Souza Elaine Cardoso de Oliveira , Santos Emerson Soares dos , Rosa Antonia Maria , Botelho Clóvis
Published: March 2019

RESUMO: Introdução: A asma resulta de complexa interação entre fatores genéticos, ambientais e socioeconômicos e representa um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar áreas prioritárias para ações de controle de asma em crianças. Método: Estudo ecológico no qual foi utilizada a varredura espaço-temporal. Selecionaram-se as autorizações de internação hospitalar pagas, não eletivas, de curta permanência (tipo 1), segundo o ano de ocorrência e o local de residência. Os períodos de análise compreendem os anos de 2001-2004 e 2005-2012. Resultados: O cluster primário de alto risco esteve localizado na região do entorno de Barra do Bugres nos dois períodos de estudo (risco relativo = 8,17, no primeiro período, e 10,37, no segundo). O número de clusters de alto risco aumentou de 8, no período 2001-2004, para 9, entre 2005-2012; enquanto os clusters de baixo risco diminuíram de 6, no período inicial, para 4, no último. As áreas prioritárias para atenção e intervenção às crianças com asma são a região do entorno de Barra do Bugres, que se manteve nos dois períodos com clusters primários de alto risco, e a borda leste e nordeste do estado, que apresentou aumento do risco. Além disso, houve aumento de 87% do número de municípios de alto risco e diminuição em 28% dos municípios de proteção. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as áreas prioritárias para a atenção à saúde, nas quais aumentou o risco de internação por asma em crianças, são o entorno de Barra do Bugres e Porto Estrela e a borda leste e nordeste do estado.
Why canines induce resorption of neighboring roots? An imaging correlation
Authors: Consolaro Alberto , Hadaya Omar , Estorce Taisa Maeshiro
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Despite the explanations about the mechanisms and reasons why dental follicles of unerupted maxillary canines do not cause root resorption in neighboring teeth, questions remain about the time expected for this event and the lack of protocols for preventive clinical management, which may serve as insights for further studies. Here, these mechanisms are correlated with imaging findings of CT scans and 3D reconstructions of a typical clinical case.
Evaluation of conformity of preformed orthodontic archwires and dental arch form
Authors: Ahmed Maheen , Shaikh Attiya , Fida Mubassar
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction: The alterations in the arch form during treatment are dictated by the dimensions of the archwires. Objective: This study aimed to determine the mean arch dimensions of a sample of Pakistani subjects and to evaluate the conformity of preformed archwires with mandibular arch form. Methods: The dental records of 1,500 adult subjects were evaluated. The mandibular casts of 42 subjects (males = females = 21) with balanced facial profile, Class I occlusion, ideal overjet and overbite were included. Brackets were bonded on all teeth. Arch dimensions were evaluated at canines, first premolars, second premolars, first and second molars, with digital vernier calipers. The arch widths at the level of aforementioned teeth were evaluated on the digitized archwires, using the mean arch depths of the subjects. Results: In males, the archwires were found to be wider at canines and premolars, and significantly narrower at first (p< 0.001, 95% CI = 2.03 - 5.74) and second molars (p< 0.001, 95% CI = 2.29 - 7.73) as compared to the arch dimensions of the mandibular casts. In females, the archwires were significantly narrower at canines (p< 0.001, 95% CI = 1.4 - 3.97), and first (p= 0.02, 95% CI = 0.402 - 4.41) and second molars (p< 0.001, 95% CI = 1.76 - 6.13). Conclusion: No single commercially available archwires evaluated in the present study conformed to the arch dimensions of our subjects. Utilization of the currently available archwires may result in unwarranted modification of arch form, which may lead to unstable post-treatment teeth position.
Influence of maxillary canine torque variations on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons
Authors: Lemos Thiago Correia Barbosa , Vasconcelos Juliana de Brito , Santos Bianca Mota dos , Machado Andre Wilson
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons with respect to unilateral maxillary canine torque variations in a frontal smile analysis. Methods: Full face and close-up smile photographs of two subjects (1 man and 1 woman) were used. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to obtain a bilateral 0° torque in the maxillary canines. From this image, unilateral variations of the left canine were made with -15°, -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10° and +15°. Final images were randomly assembled into an album that was given to 53 orthodontists and 53 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images using visual analog scales. Data collected were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test. Results: For orthodontists, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5° and -10°. For laypersons, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5°, -10°, -15° and + 5°. For both groups, the lowest scores were given for the smiles with +10° and +15° torque. When comparing the perceptions of the orthodontists and laypersons, they did not show statistical differences in most situations. Moreover, in general, there was no significant difference between the full-face and close-up assessments of the smiles. Conclusions: The present findings indicated that smiles with unilateral palatal (negative values) maxillary canine torque variations were more tolerated than smiles with buccal crown torque (positive values) variations.
Do laypersons perceive aesthetic differences between coated and uncoated orthodontic archwires?
Authors: Pinzan-Vercelino Célia Regina Maio , Campelo Ricardo Gabriel Calvet , Fahd Claudia Gonçalves , Ferreira Meire Coelho , Fialho Melissa Proença Nogueira , Gurgel Júlio de Araújo
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aesthetic brackets are routinely combined with metallic wires in fixed orthodontic therapy, mainly due to the disadvantages of the clinical use of aesthetic archwires. The current situation needs to be explored in the literature by considering laypersons’ perceptions. Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate laypersons’ aesthetic perceptions of metal archwires with and without aesthetic coating. Three age ranges and both sexes were evaluated. Methods: A volunteer using fixed aesthetic orthodontic appliance was photographed wearing the following archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium (NiTi), NiTi coated with epoxy resin and NiTi coated with rhodium. Using a 100-mm visual analog scale, 90 laypersons evaluated the photographs. Sex and age ranges (18-30, 31-45, over 46 years of age) were evaluated. The comparisons between the archwires and between age ranges were made using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Genders were compared using Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that the evaluators considered the archwire coated with epoxy resin to be the most aesthetic (60.64 ± 13.04) and the NiTi wire to be the least aesthetic (30.82 ± 7.79) (p< 0.05). Only the range of 31-45 years of age considered the NiTi archwires less aesthetic, when compared with the other age groups. For the other archwires, no statistically significant difference were found between the age groups. No differences between the sexes were detected. Conclusions: The results indicated that the aesthetic coated archwires represent an improvement in the visual aspect of ceramic brackets. The epoxy-coated metal wire was considered the most aesthetic option.
The association between palatal rugae pattern and dental malocclusion
Authors: Fatima Farheen , Fida Mubassar , Shaikh Attiya
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction: Palatal rugae complete its development during early intrauterine life, whereas dental malocclusions in permanent dentition establishes several years into the post-natal life. Objective: The objective of present study was to determine if there is an association between the palatal rugae pattern and Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 184 patients. The sample was divided into the following groups: Class I, Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III. The number of palatal rugae was recorded, bilaterally. The length, pattern and orientation of three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 17.8 ± 5.4 years. The mean number of the palatal rugae was 11.18 ± 2.5, with significant differences among different malocclusion groups. The length of the first rugae on left side and third rugae on both sides varied significantly among the groups (p< 0.05). Similarly, the pattern of palatal rugae was also found to be significantly different among the malocclusion groups. The right sided rugae did not have any significant difference in the orientation in different malocclusion groups; however, the left sided rugae showed significant differences among the four malocclusion groups (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The current study showed subtle differences in the palatal rugae pattern among the Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Similarly, the length and orientation of some rugae were also found to be significantly different between malocclusion groups.
Estimativa do coeficiente de transferência de massa de oxigênio com o uso da técnica das sondas solúveis flutuantes: um estudo de laboratório
Authors: Ferreira Murilo de Souza , Oliveira Rafael Velozo de , Urzêdo Luiz Eduardo da Silveira , Lopes Júnior Guilherme Barbosa , Gonçalves Julio Cesar de Souza Inácio
Published: March 2019

RESUMO A sonda solúvel flutuante (SSF) é considerada uma técnica de baixo custo para a estimativa do coeficiente de transferência de massa de oxigênio na interface ar-água (KL). Essa técnica se baseia no fato que KL pode ser correlacionado com a velocidade de dissolução do sólido solúvel (VS), uma vez que ambos os parâmetros são influenciados pela turbulência na superfície do escoamento. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em calibrar uma nova configuração da SSF. Experimentos de reaeração superficial e dissolução da sonda solúvel foram realizados em dois aparatos experimentais (tanque agitado por jatos e um canal hidráulico circular), de modo que diferentes níveis de turbulência foram produzidos. Os resultados mostraram forte correlação entre KL e VS; r = 0,953 para experimentos realizados no tanque e r = 0,895 para experimentos realizados no canal. A nova configuração da SSF forneceu razão KL.VS -1 crescente em função do número de Reynolds, indicando que a relação entre os dois parâmetros é dependente da turbulência. Conclui-se que a técnica SSF possui elevado potencial. Entretanto, para que se possa atribuir utilidade definitiva, verificações em cursos d’água naturais e em equipamentos com estrutura de turbulência diferentes das utilizadas neste estudo ainda são necessárias.
Avaliação química, ecotoxicológica e genotoxicológica de águas de cavas de mineração a céu aberto
Authors: Bárbara Viníciu Fagundes , Tavares Maria Gizelda de Oliveira , D’Alessandro Natalia Cristina , Silva Daniela de Melo e , Antoniosi Filho Nelson Roberto
Published: March 2019

RESUMO Lagos artificiais formados em áreas de mineração a céu aberto são unidades complexas e se constituem em passivos ambientais emergentes advindos da indústria da mineração. Embora estejam aumentando em número em várias partes do globo, são um problema ambiental recente e ainda pouco estudado, especialmente no tocante à qualidade e à toxicidade de suas águas, que podem apresentar riscos ambientais preocupantes, dado seu potencial de contaminação. O presente trabalho descreve os resultados da análise sazonal de aspectos químicos, ecotoxicológicos e genotoxicológicos das águas de três cavas de mineração de ouro desativadas localizadas em Mara Rosa, Goiás, Brasil. Amostras de água foram coletadas em perfil em duas estações climáticas distintas - inverno e verão - e foram analisadas quimicamente para determinação de metais e ânions. Também foram desenvolvidos testes ecotoxicológicos e ensaios cometa com peixes da espécie Danio rerio. Os resultados indicaram que as concentrações das espécies químicas analisadas se mostraram predominantemente crescentes no sentido da superfície ao fundo e mais elevadas durante a estação seca. As águas do Lago Azul demonstram estar quimicamente comprometidas, pois são ácidas e ricas em analitos potencialmente tóxicos, como alumínio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, manganês, níquel e zinco. Não foram identificadas alterações ecotoxicológicas significativas para nenhuma das amostras analisadas, todavia, em termos genotoxicológicos, o Lago Azul apresentou danos ao DNA a partir da concentração de 25% na estação seca e de 50% na estação chuvosa.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida do Sistema Municipal de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil da Região Metropolitana de Campinas
Authors: Rosado Laís Peixoto , Penteado Carmenlucia Santos Giordano
Published: March 2019

RESUMO A ausência ou ineficiência de Sistemas Municipais de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil (SMGRCCs) pode ocasionar impactos ambientais, os quais precisam ser avaliados sistematicamente, levando em consideração a realidade local. Existem poucos estudos sobre a quantificação dos impactos ambientais relacionados ao gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil (RCCs) e, portanto, neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho ambiental dos SMGRCCs dos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), a partir da metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). O estudo de ACV foi modelado no software SimaPro 8.2.0; para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais, foi utilizado o método CML baseline 2000, considerando as categorias aquecimento global, toxicidade humana, oxidação fotoquímica, acidificação e eutrofização. Ao comparar o desempenho ambiental atual com o cenário que inclui 70% de reciclagem dos RCCs classe A (meta prevista no Plano de Resíduos Sólidos do Estado de São Paulo), verificou-se redução de 22% dos impactos ambientais. Entretanto, ao analisar os cenários individualmente, por causa das distâncias de transporte, alguns municípios não apresentaram benefícios ambientais resultantes da reciclagem. Esses resultados evidenciam que a reciclagem não deve ser vista como a primeira opção nos SMGRCCs, e que é premente a necessidade de adoção de práticas de redução na fonte e reutilização de resíduos no gerenciamento de RCCs. Esses resultados podem dar suporte ao processo de tomada de decisão, visto que muitos municípios brasileiros estão planejando a implantação de usinas de reciclagem de RCCs.