bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reduced esophageal epithelial integrity in a subgroup of healthy individuals increases with proton pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: Pauwels Ans , Broers Charlotte , Vanuytsel Tim , Pardon Nicolas , Cocca Silvia , Roman Sabine , Zerbib Frank , Tack Jan , Farré Ricard
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Approximately 30% of healthy volunteers (HVs) show dilated intercellular spaces in the esophageal epithelium suggesting a functionally reduced epithelial integrity. We aimed to evaluate the presence of an altered epithelial integrity in HVs and whether physiological acid could explain such a difference.

Methods

Biopsies for Ussing chamber experiments were taken between 3 cm and 5 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. Twenty‐four‐hour impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) monitoring was performed in the same 15 HVs. MII‐pH tracings from 24 HVs before and after treatment with esomeprazole (40 mg b.i.d., two weeks), a proton pump inhibitor, were analyzed. Reflux parameters and impedance baseline (IB) at different levels of the esophagus were calculated.

Results

Epithelial integrity in the distal esophagus presents a large variability in vivo and in vitro (transepithelial electrical resistance 196.9 ± 16.27Ω. cm2; IB measurements 2022 ± 143.5Ω). Esomeprazole highly suppressed the total acid exposure time (AET) (1.9 (0.8–3.1) vs 0 (0–0)%, p < 0.0001). After splitting our participants into “high” and “low” IB, based on the median value, we observed only in the distal esophagus a higher total AET before (2.8 (1.6–4.8) vs 1.0 (0.5–2.2),p = 0.04) and increased IB values after esomeprazole (1620 (1347–1898) vs 2192 (1784‐2503)Ω, p = 0.002) in the “low” IB group.

Conclusion

A subgroup of HVs presents a low epithelial integrity in the distal esophagus probably due to the increased presence of physiological acid reflux. Whether these individuals have a higher chance to develop gastroesophageal reflux disease is unknown. The role of epithelial integrity in symptom perception needs to be further explored.
Health Issues and Injury Risks Associated With Prolonged Sitting and Sedentary Lifestyles
Authors: Lurati Ann Regina
Published: December 2017

Using a case study, this article reviews the health risks associated with prolonged sitting and the reasons sedentary workers are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. Other health issues associated with prolonged sitting or sedentary behavior as well as the benefits of exercise are also explored. Finally, evidence-based interventions to reduce health risks associated with prolonged sitting may increase productivity.
Characteristics and Predictors of Occupational Injury Among Career Firefighters
Authors: Phelps Stephanie M. , Drew-Nord Dana C. , Neitzel Richard L. , Wallhagen Margaret I. , Bates Michael N. , Hong Oi Saeng
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess occupational injury characteristics and predictors among career firefighters. A total of 249 firefighters from central Texas and northern California participated in this Internet-based survey. Approximately 27% of firefighters had reported an occupational injury within the previous 12 months. The majority of injuries occurred on the scene of a non-fire call while performing an activity that required lifting, pushing, or pulling. Firefighters’ backs were most frequently injured. Of the reported injuries, approximately 18% returned to work on modified duty, but 46% were not allowed to work due to their occupational injuries. Firefighters who reported occupational injuries were more likely to be older and experiencing occupational stress compared with their coworkers who did not report occupational injuries. Injured firefighters were also more likely to report fewer job rewards (money/salary), overcommitment, less esteem (respect and support), and fewer promotional prospects. These injury factors should be incorporated into interventions to reduce or prevent workplace injuries.
An Expatriate’s First 100 Days: What Went Wrong?
Authors: Dwyer Laura Paglis
Published: December 2017

Instructors teaching undergraduate survey courses in management are faced with a dilemma: How to balance the wide scope of such a course with the desire to cover each topic in sufficient depth to make the material meaningful and useful. The specific subject area in focus here is international differences in work-related values. This exercise addresses two critical takeaways for management students getting a “first look” at this complex topic: (1) How do values differences between national cultures influence employee behavior? (2) How might observed differences in behavior lead to misperceptions and problems for an expatriate manager?
A model for predicting effect of treatment on progression-free survival using MRD as a surrogate end point in CLL
Authors: Dimier Natalie , Delmar Paul , Ward Carol , Morariu-Zamfir Rodica , Fingerle-Rowson Günter , Bahlo Jasmin , Fischer Kirsten , Eichhorst Barbara , Goede Valentin , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Ritgen Matthias , Böttcher Sebastian , Langerak Anton W. , Kneba Michael , Hallek Michael
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Meta-analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials shows a statistically significant relationship between treatment effects on PFS and MRD. Meta-regression model supports use of MRD as a primary end point in clinical trials of chemoimmunotherapy in CLL.
Observational long-term follow-up study of rapid food oral immunotherapy with omalizumab
Authors: Andorf Sandra , Manohar Monali , Dominguez Tina , Block Whitney , Tupa Dana , Kshirsagar Rohun A. , Sampath Vanitha , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Nadeau Kari C.
Published: December 2017

Background

A number of clinical studies focused on treating a single food allergy through oral immunotherapy (OIT) with adjunctive omalizumab treatment have been published. We previously demonstrated safety and tolerability of a rapid OIT protocol using omalizumab in a phase 1 study to achieve desensitization to multiple (up to 5) food allergens in parallel, rapidly (7–36 weeks; median = 18 weeks). In the current long-term, observational study, we followed 34 food allergic participants for over 5 years, who had originally undergone the phase 1 rapid OIT protocol.

Methods

After reaching the maintenance dose of 2 g protein for each of their respective food allergens as a part of the phase 1 study, the long-term maintenance dose was reduced for some participants based on a pragmatic team-based decision. Participants were followed up to 62 months through standard oral food challenges (OFCs), skin prick tests, and blood tests.

Results

Each participant passed the 2 g OFC to each of their offending food allergens (up to 5 food allergens in total) at the end of the long-term follow-up (LTFU) study.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate the feasibility of long-term maintenance dosing of a food allergen without compromising the desensitized status conferred through rapid-OIT.

Trial registration Registry: Clinicaltrials.gov. Registration numbers: NCT01510626 (original study), NCT03234764 (LTFU study). Date of registration: November 29, 2011 (original study); July 26, 2017 (LTFU study, retrospectively registered)
Feasibility of sustained response through long-term dosing in food allergy immunotherapy
Authors: Andorf Sandra , Manohar Monali , Dominguez Tina , Block Whitney , Tupa Dana , Kshirsagar Rohun A. , Sampath Vanitha , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Nadeau Kari C.
Published: December 2017

Background

Clinical trials using oral immunotherapy (OIT) for the treatment of food allergies have shown promising results. We previously demonstrated the feasibility of desensitization for up to 5 food allergens simultaneously through OIT. In this observational study, we report the findings of long-term follow-up (LTFU) of the participants treated through a single site OIT phase 1 trial.

Methods

The participants (n = 46) were followed up to 72 months since the time they reached 2 g maintenance dose per food in the initial phase 1 trial. During the long-term maintenance dosing, participants continued or reduced the initial maintenance dose of food allergen protein to high (median 2 g protein) vs. low (median 300 mg protein). Participant follow-up included clinical monitoring, standardized OFCs, and in some cases, skin prick tests and measurement of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4.

Results

Irrespective of the high vs. low long-term maintenance dose during LTFU, all participants were able to ingest 2 g protein of each food allergen protein during OFCs performed at the end of our LTFU.

Conclusion

Our LTFU cohort of food OIT participants from a single site, phase 1 OIT study, supports the feasibility of sustained desensitization through long-term maintenance dosing.

Trial registration Registry: Clinicaltrial.gov. Registration numbers: NCT01490177 (original study); NCT03234764 (LTFU study). Date of registration: November 29, 2011 (original study); July 26, 2017 (LTFU study, registered)
Cognitive Functioning After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy: Results From a Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sharafeldin Noha , Bosworth Alysia , Patel Sunita K. , Chen Yanjun , Morse Emily , Mather Molly , Sun Canlan , Francisco Liton , Forman Stephen J. , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Smita
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Cognitive impairment is well-recognized after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, cognitive functioning after reduced-intensity allogeneic or autologous HCT remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 477 HCT recipients (236 autologous, 128 reduced-intensity allogeneic, 113 myeloablative allogeneic) underwent standardized neuropsychologic testing before HCT and at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years after HCT. Ninety-nine frequency-matched healthy controls underwent testing at commensurate time points. Primary outcomes of the study were practice effect–adjusted domain-specific T scores and global deficit scores. Piecewise generalized estimating equation models were used to compare groups and to identify associated variables and post-HCT trends of cognitive impairment.

Results

Median age was 52 years (range, 18 to 74 years) for HCT recipients and 55 years (range, 19 to 73 years) for controls. Post-HCT scores were comparable between controls and autologous and reduced-intensity HCT recipients. Myeloablative HCT recipients had significantly lower ( P < .001) post-HCT scores than controls for executive function, verbal speed, processing speed, auditory memory, and fine motor dexterity. Pre-HCT to 6 months post-HCT scores did not change after reduced-intensity HCT but declined significantly for fine motor dexterity ( P < .001) after myeloablative HCT. However, pre-HCT to 3 years post-HCT scores declined significantly ( P < .003) in reduced-intensity HCT recipients for executive function, verbal fluency, and working memory. Older age, male sex, and lower education, income, and cognitive reserve were associated with post-HCT cognitive impairment. At 3 years post-HCT, global cognitive impairment was present in 18.7% of autologous and 35.7% of allogeneic HCT recipients.

Conclusion

Myeloablative allogeneic HCT recipients showed significant cognitive decline compared with healthy controls. Reduced-intensity allogeneic HCT recipients showed evidence of delayed decline. Cognitive functioning in autologous HCT recipients generally was spared. The study identified vulnerable subpopulations that could benefit from targeted interventions.
Risk of Hematologic Malignancies After Radioiodine Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Molenaar Remco J. , Sidana Surbhi , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Advani Anjali S. , Gerds Aaron T. , Carraway Hetty E. , Angelini Dana , Kalaycio Matt , Nazha Aziz , Adelstein David J. , Nasr Christian , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Majhail Navneet S. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To investigate the risk and outcomes of second hematologic malignancies (SHMs) in a population-based cohort of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) treated or not with radioactive iodine (RAI).

Methods

Patients with WDTC were identified from SEER registries. Competing risk regression analysis was performed to calculate the risks of SHMs that occurred after WDTC treatment and outcomes after SHM development were assessed.

Results

Of 148,215 patients with WDTC, 53% received surgery alone and 47% received RAI. In total, 783 patients developed an SHM after a median interval of 6.5 years (interquartile range, 3.3 to 11.2 years) from WDTC diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, compared with those undergoing thyroidectomy alone, RAI treatment was associated with an increased early risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML; hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.82; P = .01) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; hazard ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.87 to 6.36; P < .001). This increased risk of AML and CML after RAI treatment was seen even in low-risk and intermediate-risk WDTC tumors. Occurrence of AML but not CML in patients with WDTC was associated with shorter median overall survival compared with matched controls (8.0 years v 31.0 years; P = .001). In addition, AML developing after RAI trended toward inferior survival compared with matched controls with de novo AML (median overall survival, 1.2 years v 2.9 years; P = .06).

Conclusion

Patients with WDTC treated with RAI had an increased early risk of developing AML and CML but no other hematologic malignancies. AML that arises after RAI treatment has a poor prognosis. RAI use in patients with WDTC should be limited to patients with high-risk disease features, and patients with WDTC treated with adjuvant RAI should be monitored for myeloid malignancies as part of cancer surveillance.
Juvenile hormone signaling in short germ-band hemimetabolan embryos
Authors: Fernandez-Nicolas Ana , Belles Xavier
Published: December 2017

The role of juvenile hormone (JH) in insect embryos is far from understood, especially in short germ-band hemimetabolan species. To shed light on this issue, we depleted the mRNA levels of Krüppel homolog 1, Methoprene-tolerant and JH acid O-methyltransferase, key elements of JH signaling, in embryos of the short germ-band hemimetabolan species Blattella germanica. This precluded the formation of the germ-band anlage in a group of embryos. Hatchability was also reduced, which might have been caused by premature upregulation of laccase 2, a promoter of cuticle tanning. In other cases, development was interrupted in mid embryogenesis, involving defects related to dorsal closure and appendage formation. These phenotypes possibly result from the low levels of Broad-complex (BR-C) produced under JH-depleted conditions. This contrasts with holometabolan species, in which JH does not promote BR-C expression, which remains low during embryo development. Possibly, the stimulatory role of JH on BR-C expression and the morphogenetic functions of BR-C in hemimetabolan embryos were lost in holometabolan species. If so, this might have been a key driver for the evolution of holometabolan metamorphosis.
Co-expression of Tbx6 and Sox2 identifies a novel transient neuromesoderm progenitor cell state
Authors: Javali Alok , Misra Aritra , Leonavicius Karolis , Acharyya Debalina , Vyas Bhakti , Sambasivan Ramkumar
Published: December 2017

Elongation of the body axis is a key aspect of body plan development. Bipotential neuromesoderm progenitors (NMPs) ensure axial growth of embryos by contributing both to the spinal cord and mesoderm. The current model for the mechanism controlling NMP deployment invokes Tbx6, a T-box factor, to drive mesoderm differentiation of NMPs. Here, we identify a new population of Tbx6+ cells in a subdomain of the NMP niche in mouse embryos. Based on co-expression of a progenitor marker, Sox2, we identify this population as representing a transient cell state in the mesoderm-fated NMP lineage. Genetic lineage tracing confirms the presence of the Tbx6+ NMP cell state. Furthermore, we report a novel aspect of the documented Tbx6 mutant phenotype, namely an increase from two to four ectopic neural tubes, corresponding to the switch in NMP niche, thus highlighting the importance of Tbx6 function in NMP fate decision. This study emphasizes the function of Tbx6 as a bistable switch that turns mesoderm fate ‘on' and progenitor state ‘off', and thus has implications for the molecular mechanism driving NMP fate choice.
Conservation and variation in pair-rule gene expression and function in the intermediate-germ beetle Dermestes maculatus
Authors: Xiang Jie , Reding Katie , Heffer Alison , Pick Leslie
Published: December 2017

A set of pair-rule (PR) segmentation genes (PRGs) promotes the formation of alternate body segments in Drosophila melanogaster. Whereas Drosophila embryos are long-germ, with segments specified more or less simultaneously, most insects add segments sequentially as the germband elongates. The hide beetle Dermestes maculatus represents an intermediate between short- and long-germ development, ideal for comparative study of PRGs. We show that eight of nine Drosophila PRG orthologs are expressed in stripes in Dermestes. Functional results parse these genes into three groups: Dmac-eve, -odd and -run play roles in both germband elongation and PR patterning; Dmac-slp and -prd function exclusively as complementary, classic PRGs, supporting functional decoupling of elongation and segment formation; and orthologs of ftz, ftz-f1, h and opa show more variable function in Dermestes and other species. While extensive cell death generally prefigured Dermestes PRG RNAi-mediated cuticle defects, an organized region with high mitotic activity near the margin of the segment addition zone is likely to have contributed to truncation of eveRNAi embryos. Our results suggest general conservation of clock-like regulation of PR stripe addition in sequentially segmenting species while highlighting regulatory rewiring involving a subset of PRG orthologs.
RPM-1 regulates axon termination by affecting growth cone collapse and microtubule stability
Authors: Borgen Melissa A. , Wang Dandan , Grill Brock
Published: December 2017

Axon termination is essential for efficient and accurate nervous system construction. At present, relatively little is known about how growth cone collapse occurs prior to axon termination in vivo. Using the mechanosensory neurons of C. elegans, we found collapse prior to axon termination is protracted, with the growth cone transitioning from a dynamic to a static state. Growth cone collapse prior to termination is facilitated by the signaling hub RPM-1. Given the prominence of the cytoskeleton in growth cone collapse, we assessed the relationship between RPM-1 and regulators of actin dynamics and microtubule stability. Our results reveal several important findings about how axon termination is orchestrated: (1) RPM-1 functions in parallel to RHO-1 and CRMP/UNC-33, but is suppressed by the Rac isoform MIG-2; (2) RPM-1 opposes the function of microtubule stabilizers, including tubulin acetyltransferases; and (3) genetic epistasis suggests the microtubule-stabilizing protein Tau/PTL-1 potentially inhibits RPM-1. These findings provide insight into how growth cone collapse is regulated during axon termination in vivo, and suggest that RPM-1 signaling destabilizes microtubules to facilitate growth cone collapse and axon termination.
The hallmarks of cell-cell fusion
Authors: Hernández Javier M. , Podbilewicz Benjamin
Published: December 2017

Cell-cell fusion is essential for fertilization and organ development. Dedicated proteins known as fusogens are responsible for mediating membrane fusion. However, until recently, these proteins either remained unidentified or were poorly understood at the mechanistic level. Here, we review how fusogens surmount multiple energy barriers to mediate cell-cell fusion. We describe how early preparatory steps bring membranes to a distance of ∼10 nm, while fusogens act in the final approach between membranes. The mechanical force exerted by cell fusogens and the accompanying lipidic rearrangements constitute the hallmarks of cell-cell fusion. Finally, we discuss the relationship between viral and eukaryotic fusogens, highlight a classification scheme regrouping a superfamily of fusogens called Fusexins, and propose new questions and avenues of enquiry.
Hedgehog participates in the establishment of left-right asymmetry during amphioxus development by controlling Cerberus expression
Authors: Hu Guangwei , Li Guang , Wang Hui , Wang Yiquan
Published: December 2017

Correct patterning of left-right (LR) asymmetry is essential during the embryonic development of bilaterians. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is known to play a role in LR asymmetry development of mouse, chicken and sea urchin embryos by regulating Nodal expression. In this study, we report a novel regulatory mechanism for Hh in LR asymmetry development of amphioxus embryos. Our results revealed that Hh−/− embryos abolish Cerberus (Cer) transcription, with bilaterally symmetric expression of Nodal, Lefty and Pitx. In consequence, Hh−/− mutants duplicated left-side structures and lost right-side characters, displaying an abnormal bilaterally symmetric body plan. These LR defects in morphology and gene expression could be rescued by Hh mRNA injection. Our results indicate that Hh participates in amphioxus LR patterning by controlling Cer gene expression. Curiously, however, upregulation of Hh signaling failed to alter the Cer expression pattern or LR morphology in amphioxus embryos, indicating that Hh might not provide an asymmetric cue for Cer expression. In addition, Hh is required for mouth opening in amphioxus, hinting at a homologous relationship between amphioxus and vertebrate mouth development.
The TGFβ superfamily in Lisbon: navigating through development and disease
Authors: Christian Jan L. , Heldin Carl-Henrik
Published: December 2017

The 10th FASEB meeting ‘The TGFβ Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease' took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in July 2017. As we review here, the findings presented at the meeting highlighted the important contributions of TGFβ family signaling to normal development, adult homeostasis and disease, and also revealed novel mechanisms by which TGFβ signals are transduced.
Simulation analysis of a fabrication process of a tannery: Case study of a Latin American company
Authors: Montoya-Torres Jairo R. , Pirachicán-Mayorga Diana Carolina
Published: December 2017

A large number of real-life optimization problems in economics and business are complex and difficult to solve. Among the solutions techniques available in the Management Sciences, Discrete-Event computer Simulation (DES) can be considered as one of the most preferred by practitioners. DES has been used as an analysis tool to evaluate new production system concepts, and has also been used in the operation and planning of manufacturing facilities. In this paper, we propose to apply DES for the analysis of a tannery manufacturing facility. The objective is to analyze the current performance of the production system in order to propose alternatives for improvement, as well as optimum parameters for production. Results obtained showed the advantages of using such a quantitative decision-aid technique by capturing most of the complexity characteristics of the production process.
An implementation framework for additive manufacturing in supply chains
Authors: Handal Raed
Published: December 2017

Additive manufacturing has become one of the most important technologies in the manufacturing field. Full implementation of additive manufacturing will change many well-known management practices in the production sector. However, theoretical development in the field of additive manufacturing with regard to its impact on supply chain management is rare. While additive manufacturing is believed to revolutionize and enhance traditional manufacturing, there is no comprehensive toolset developed in the manufacturing field to assess the impact of additive manufacturing and determine the best production method that suits the applied supply chain strategy. A significant portion of the existing supply chain methods and frameworks were adopted in this study to examine the implementation of additive manufacturing in supply chain management. The aim of this study is to develop a framework to explain when additive manufacturing impacts supply chain management efficiently.
The effect of uncertainty and cooperative behavior on operational performance: Evidence from Brazilian firms
Authors: Brito Eliane Pereira Zamith , Sambiase Marta Fabiano , Ferreira Fernando Coelho Martins , Da Silva Adilson Aderito
Published: December 2017

This study aims to examine the effect of managers’ uncertainty on cooperative behavior in interorganizational relationships, and how this affects operational performance.  We conducted a survey with 225 Brazilian managers, and analyzed data using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results present: a) a negative influence of uncertainty of state on operational performance; b) a positive influence of uncertainty of effect on uncertainty of response; c) a significant influence of uncertainty of response on cooperative behavior; and d) a positive influence of cooperative behavior on performance. The results indicated that cooperation and uncertainty accounted for 18.8% of the variability of operational performance. Considering the uncertainty that plagues Latin societies, this study can help to create more efficient ways to deal with the phenomenon. Rather than turning a blind eye to uncertainty, our study underscores it and treats it like another business environment issue.
The influence of triple bottom line on international operations management
Authors: Flores Francisco Sperotto , Gavronski Iuri , Nardi Vinicius , Haag Roselei
Published: December 2017

This paper takes a triple bottom line perspective to analyze how the international operations literature integrates economic, social, and environmental issues. Additionally, it shows the main drivers of and barriers to the adoption of triple bottom line practices by companies in an international context. We conducted a literature review in English language journals which publish research of production and operations management and sustainability, resulting in a final sample of 29 papers. Results show that social and legal pressure for companies to adopt a responsible behavior prompts an isomorphic process that leads them to conduct their operations on behalf of triple bottom line goals. Behavioral differences between spin-offs in various countries caused institutions to create mechanisms that can press and change private standards through regulation and enforcement. There is room for progress in studies that seek to analyze the company’s relationships in its international experience and its multi-institutional relations.
Case Report: Laparoscopic hepatectomy in an elderly patient with major comorbidities
Authors: Sotiropoulos Georgios C. , Machairas Nikolaos , Kostakis Ioannis D.
Published: December 2017

Surgeons have been hesitant to proceed to hepatectomy in elderly patients, due to the higher rate of comorbidities and the reduced reserves. An 81-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma in the segment VI of the liver and several major cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic comorbid illnesses was referred to our department for treatment. He underwent transarterial chemoembolization of the liver tumor and afterwards he underwent laparoscopic resection of the hepatic segment VI, with an uneventful postoperative course. This case indicates that laparoscopic liver resections could be applied even to elderly patients with major comorbidities after optimization of their medical status.
Positive bias for European men in peer reviewed applications for faculty position at Karolinska Institutet
Authors: Holst Sarah , Hägg Sara
Published: December 2017

Background: Sweden is viewed as an egalitarian country, still most of the professors are Swedish and only 25% are women. Research competence is evaluated using peer review, which is regarded as an objective measure in the meritocracy system. Here we update the investigation by Wold & Wennerås (1997) on women researcher’s success rate for obtaining a faculty position, by examining factors (gender, nationality, productivity, etc.) in applications for an Assistant Professorship in 2014 at Karolinska Institutet.

Methods: Fifty-six applications, 26 Swedish and 21 women applicants, were scored both on merits and projects by six external reviewers. Additional variables, including grants and academic age, calculated as the number of years since PhD excluding parental or sick leave, were gathered. Productivity was assessed by calculating a composite bibliometric score based on six factors (citations, publications, first/last authorships, H-index, high impact publication).

Results: Overall, academic age was negatively correlated with scores on merits, as assessed by peer review, although not reaching statistical significance. In men, associations between scores on merits and productivity (P-value=0.0004), as well as having received grants (P-value=0.009) were seen. No associations were found for women. Moreover, applicants with a background from the Middle East were un-proportionally found in the lowest quartile (Fisher exact test P-value=0.007).

Conclusions: In summary, the gender inequality shown in peer review processes in Sweden 20 years ago still exists. Furthermore, a bias for ethnicity was found. In order to keep the best scientific competence in academia, more efforts are needed to avoid selection bias in assessments to enable equal evaluations of all researchers.
Early life adiposity and telomere length across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guyatt Anna L. , Rodriguez Santiago , Gaunt Tom R. , Fraser Abigail , Anderson Emma L.
Published: December 2017

Background: The relationship between adiposity at birth and in childhood, and telomere length is yet to be determined. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the results of studies assessing associations between neonatal and childhood adiposity, and telomere length.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE and PubMed for studies reporting associations between adiposity measured in the neonatal period or childhood, and leucocyte telomere length, measured at any age via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, or terminal restriction fragment analysis, either cross-sectionally, or longitudinally. Papers published before April 2017 were included.

Results: Out of 230 abstracts assessed, 23 papers (32 estimates) were retained, from which 19 estimates were meta-analysed (15 cross-sectional, four longitudinal). Of the 15 cross-sectional estimates, seven reported on neonates: four used binary exposures of small-for-gestational-age vs. appropriate-for-gestational age (or appropriate- and large-for-gestational age), and three studied birth weight continuously. Eight estimates reported on childhood measures; five estimates were from studies of binary exposures (overweight/obese vs. non-obese children), and three studies used continuous measures of body mass index. All four longitudinal estimates were of neonatal adiposity, with two estimates for small-for-gestational-age vs. appropriate-for-gestational age neonates, and two estimates of birth weight studied continuously, in relation to adult telomere (49-61 years). There was no strong evidence of an association between neonatal or childhood adiposity, and telomere length. However, between study heterogeneity was high, and there were few combinable studies.

Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis found no strong evidence of an association between neonatal or childhood adiposity and telomere length.
Depression is associated with lower American National Adult Reading Test scores among rural dwellers aged between 50 and 64 years in Texas: A Project FRONTIER Study
Authors: Miller Brady , Hudson Catherine , Gong Gordon
Published: December 2017

Background: Previous studies have shown that depression is associated with cognitiveimpairment. However, others have shown that there is no significant difference in the scoresof the National Adult Reading Test (NART), a screening test for intellectual functioning andgeneral level of education, between those with vs. without depression. This study sought toexamine whether depression is associated with the American version of NART (AMNART) ina rural cohort of West Texas.Methods: Participants with IQ and AMNART tests were selected from Project FRONTIER,an ongoing epidemiology study of rural residents in four West Texas counties.Results: AMNART scores were significantly lower in participants with depression(23.3±9.2) vs. those without depression (25.9±9.9) (p<0.05). Analysis by age group showedthat AMNART scores were significantly lower in those with depression (22.0±10.1) comparedwith those without depression (26.2±10.2) in the age group 50 to 64 years (P=0.0322). AlthoughAMNART scores were lower in participants with depression than those without depression inthe age groups 40 to 49 years (25.0±8.6 vs. 26.2±10.2) and 65 years or older (23.6±8.2 vs.25.6±9.5), they were not statistically significantly different.Conclusions: Depression is associated with lower AMNART scores in rural residentsaged between 50 and 64 years in West Texas.
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and sarcoid-like reaction mimicking lymph node metastases in a patient with lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Duncan Chad , Tijani Lukman , Graham Suzanne , Tran Ruc , Jumper Cynthia
Published: December 2017

Sarcoid-like reactions occur in a small percentage of cancer patients. This reaction causeslymph nodes to appear hypermetabolic when viewed with Fludeoxyglucose-Positron EmissionTomography (FDG-PET). This is clinically important, because it could be confused with tumormetastasis and could affect the staging and treatment of the cancer. In addition to sarcoid-likereactions and metastasis, several other disease processes can cause lymph nodes to appearhypermetabolic with FDG-PET, including coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. We present the caseof a 61-year-old coal miner who was diagnosed with lung cancer. FDG-PET showed increaseduptake in ipsilateral and contralateral mediastinal lymph. The patient had bronchoscopy withendobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided biopsy of the mass and needle aspiration of bilaterallymph nodes of the mediastinum. All the biopsies were negative. The patient then had a leftupper lobectomy and left mediastinal lymph node dissection. The PET findings were originallyattributed to metastasis of the tumor, but pathology of the ipsilateral nodes showed silicoticchanges due to pneumoconiosis and non-caseating granulomas from a sarcoid-like reaction.Because the ipsilateral lymph nodes had no evidence of metastasis and EBUS biopsy ofthe contralateral nodes was negative, it was unlikely that the changes in the contralateralnodes were due to metastasis, and no adjuvant treatment was offered. At more than oneyear after surgery, the patient remains stable with no evidence of recurrence, and we haveclinical assurance that the changes in the lymph nodes were due to the sarcoid-like reactionand pneumoconiosis and not metastasis. FDG-PET is useful for detection of lung cancer, butpathology is necessary for staging and determining treatment for the patient.
Pulmonary artery aneurysm secondary to congenital pulmonic valve stenosis
Authors: Schwalk Audra , Berdine Gilbert
Published: December 2017

Pulmonary artery (PA) aneurysms are uncommon and often diagnosed post-mortem. Theyare characterized by a PA/aorta diameter ratio greater than 2 on transthoracic echocardiographyor a pulmonary artery diameter greater than 4 or 5 cm on computed tomography. The mostcommon conditions associated with pulmonary artery aneurysm are congenital heart defectswith left-to-right shunts and pulmonic valve abnormalities. There are also numerous causesof acquired pulmonary artery aneurysms, including infection, vasculitis, pulmonary arterialhypertension, trauma, neoplasm and pulmonary embolism. Symptoms of PA aneurysm areusually non-specific, and physical examination findings are variable depending on the underlyingcause. Work-up includes various imaging modalities, transthoracic echocardiography, and rightheart catheterization. The gold standard treatment is surgery, but in select patients, conservativemanagement with close monitoring can be pursued.
Immediate management of the single-unit extracted tooth in the anterior aesthetic zone – temporizing/stabilizing tissues
Authors: Bryce Graeme E , MacBeth Neil D , Hemmings Ken W
Published: December 2017

The loss of a tooth within the aesthetic zone presents surgical and restorative challenges to the clinician. The immediate management of the extraction site must meet the patients' aesthetic aspirations whilst optimizing the healing of the alveolar bone and gingival tissues, to facilitate future definitive prosthetic replacement. Arrays of clinical approaches have been proposed to promote optimal tissue healing with these techniques often combining alveolar ridge preservation techniques, soft tissue grafting and transitional prosthodontic stages. The aim of this article is to update the dental clinician on the socket-healing process, provide guidance on the surgical and prosthodontic options available to the clinician and offer insight into differences in outcome.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant to dental clinicians aiming to extract and restore single-tooth units.
Serendipity on bitewing radiographs
Authors: Celine Gregory , Wong Susan , Anthonappa Robert , King Nigel M
Published: December 2017

An odontoma is described as a hamartoma, which is usually classified as a benign tumour. This clinical report will describe an unusual presentation of an odontoma in the mandibular primary molar region and highlight the importance of a comprehensive clinical and radiographic examination. A systematic approach to reading bitewing radiographs will also be described.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This clinical report serves as a good example to highlight the importance of thorough radiographic examination to enable detection of tooth abnormalities and facilitate timely interventions; thus preventing or reducing the severity of the potential complications.
Articaine-only buccal infiltrations for mandibular molar extractions: an alternative to inferior dental nerve blocks
Authors: Awal Danyal H , Yilmaz Zehra , Osailan Samira , Renton Tara
Published: December 2017

This article assesses the efficacy of the articaine-only buccal infiltration technique (AOBIT) in providing LA for adult mandibular molar extractions. In 112 patients the AOBIT effectiveness was judged against the need for repeat or supplemental infiltrations and rescue 2% lidocaine inferior dental blocks (IDBs). Sufficient anaesthesia was achieved in 57% of patients using the AOBIT, with another 27% requiring an additional dose via the AOBIT. The remaining 16% required a rescue 2% lidocaine IDB. The AOBIT could be a suitable alternative to 2% lidocaine IDBs for routine adult mandibular molar extractions, and may subsequently reduce the incidence of LA-related nerve injury.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Debilitating nerve injury in relation to the administration of IDBs may be more common than we think. This article assesses the articaine-only buccal infiltration technique (AOBIT) as an alternative in providing local anaesthesia for routine adult mandibular molar extractions.
The immune system: basis of so much health and disease: 7. antibodies
Authors: Scully Crispian , Georgakopoulou Eleni A , Hassona Yazan
Published: December 2017

The immune system is the body's primary defence mechanism against infections, and disturbances in the system can cause disease if the system fails in defence functions (in immunocompromised people), or if the activity is detrimental to the host (as in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory states). A healthy immune system is also essential to normal health of dental and oral tissues. This series presents the basics for the understanding of the immune system; this article covers antibodies.

Clinical Relevance: Modern dental clinicians need a basic understanding of the immune system as it underlies health and disease.
Dentofacial features of ‘en coup de sabre’ – a case report
Authors: Deans Jamie AB , Jones Jonathan , Merrett Sarah J
Published: December 2017

‘En coup de sabre’ or morphea, is a linear scleroderma that typically affects the frontoparietal region of patients resulting in a band-like scar that looks like a sword cut across the face. This case report describes a 13-year-old male patient with a history of ‘en coup de sabre’ referred to a dental department because of facial and dental involvement. To the authors' knowledge this has only previously been described on one occasion. The clinical presentation, clinical findings and a brief discussion of management, including the complicating effects of ‘en coup de sabre’ are discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: By describing the facial and dental features of this rare condition to the dental community, the authors wish to increase awareness of the condition.
Os amores de Pedro e Inês. Inspiração histórica e Naturalismo na pintura portuguesa oitocentista
Authors: Bule Lara Miguel
Published: December 2017

Temática amplamente divulgada pel’Os Lusíadas de Camões, o episódio trágico de Inês de Castro repercutiu-se nas artes visuais, em particular na pintura de história, a partir do Romantismo. Com a alusão à Quinta das Lágrimas, nela se insinua também o motivo da paisagem, em sintonia com o Naturalismo e a aproximação aos valores estéticos do Impressionismo pelos artistas portugueses. Uma abertura à modernidade, que inclui a fotografia e o encontro, ainda, com o movimento Pré-Rafaelita, redimensionando o mito no imaginário oitocentista e identitário da arte nacional.
A “neutralidade colaborante” e a propaganda em Portugal durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Cardoso Débora
Published: December 2017

Este artigo procura apresentar e compreender a dimensão e envolvência que a propaganda de guerra teve em Portugal durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Apesar da declaração de neutralidade, a presença da propaganda de guerra fez com que Portugal se tornasse num Estado colaborante com os beligerantes que, através das suas ações, formaram grupos de influência: Anglófilos e Germanófilos. Neste artigo pretende-se, em primeiro lugar, dar a conhecer como é que a neutralidade portuguesa lidou com o caso específico dos agentes de propaganda de cada um dos lados beligerantes, dando destaque aos seus movimentos e estratégias. Seguidamente, tomando o caso de duas revistas de carácter propagandístico editadas e distribuídas em Portugal a partir de 1940 – A Esfera (pró-Eixo) e Mundo Gráfico (pró-Aliados) – expõe-se as mensagens e ideias que se procuraram difundir, com base na análise de registos fotográficos aí publicados. Entre 1940 e 1945 foram vários os momentos de “neutralidade colaborante” realizada em vários aspetos, inclusive na propaganda, permitindo a sua publicação. As revistas A Esfera e Mundo Gráfico defendem interesses específicos e distintos. No entanto, como se poderá ver neste artigo, apresentam os mesmos meios para fazer chegar a sua mensagem.
Abordagem histórico-artística a dois manuscritos litúrgicos do scriptorium do Mosteiro de Alcobaça do último quartel do século XII ou o início de “huma livraria copiosa”
Authors: Barreira Catarina Fernandes
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo é nossa intenção estudar dois manuscritos litúrgicos iluminados, um Coletário- ritual (Alc. 166) e um Saltério-hinário (Alc. 11), produzidos no scriptorium de Alcobaça em finais do séc. XII. A análise do seu conteúdo litúrgico e da decoração iluminada, a par com a comparação com outros manuscritos oriundos do mesmo mosteiro, permitirão afinar a sua datação e confirmar a sua origem alcobacense e o seu contexto de produção.
Vicente, Maria da Graça (2015). Povoamento e Propriedade. Entre o Zêzere e o Tejo (séc. XII-XIV). Lisboa: Edições Colibri/ Academia Portuguesa da História, 384 pp., ISBN 978-989-689- 552-5.
Authors: Feio Rodolfo Petronilho
Published: December 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/1645-2259_17_23
Murat, Laure (2013), L´homme qui se prenait pour Napoléon. Pour une histoire politique de la folie, Folio, 432 pp., ISBN 978- 2-07-044835-7.
Authors: Ferreira Tânia Sofia
Published: December 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/1645-2259_17_24
Os Borges de Carvalhais, Senhores de Ferreiros, Avelãs de Cima e Ílhavo
Authors: Lopes Luís Seabra
Published: December 2017

O vasto domínio senhorial frequentemente referido como “senhorio de Carvalhais” esteve na posse dos Borges e de seus descendentes desde meados do século XV até à reforma liberal. Abrangia os antigos concelhos de Ferreiros, Avelãs de Cima e Ílhavo, no distrito de Aveiro. Não existem estudos aprofundados sobre a história deste senhorio. A própria série cronológica dos chamados “senhores de Carvalhais” só é bem conhecida a partir de António Borges de Miranda, 3º senhor de Carvalhais na linha dos Borges, indivíduo nascido por volta de 1470. Neste artigo, a série dos senhores de Carvalhais na linhagem Borges é identificada e enquadrada no contexto histórico dos séculos XV e XVI.
DA POLIS GREGA AOS JOGOS SEM FRONTEIRAS: CINCO NOTAS SOBRE O ESPAÇO NA POLÍTICA EUROPEIA
Authors: Franco de Sá Alexandre
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo compara as formas políticas da polis grega, do Império e do Estado moderno. A partir desta comparação, defende-se que se trata de pensartambém uma quarta forma política, a qual eclode no século XX sob configurações quer democráticas quer totalitárias, nas suas possibilidades e limites.
NAS FRONTEIRAS DA EXCLUSÃO: PROSTITUIÇÃO E MARGINALIDADE EM FINAIS DO ANTIGO REGIME
Authors: Barreiros Bruno
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo pretende elucidar as estratégias encetadas pelas autoridades policiais para combater a prostituição e a marginalidade em finais do Antigo Regime em Portugal. Construindo novos tipos de fronteiras reais e simbólicas, as autoridades policiais excluíram prostitutas e marginais do espaço público, evocando razões de saúde pública, economia e argumentos de natureza moral. No decurso das próximas páginas, analisaremos o significado e alcance deste processo de verdadeira expansão do olhar policial.
O MASSACRE DE LISBOA DE 1506 E O DISCURSO DE ÓDIO ANTIJUDAICO
Authors: Voss Rita Ribeiro
Published: December 2017

O tema deste artigo é o Massacre de Lisboa de 1506 e o discurso de ódio antijudaico que configurou a atuação dos cristãos portugueses contra os chamados cristãos-novos. Naqueles dias, a insalubridade urbana, a integração cultural e a política expansionista de D. Manuel constituíram as condições adversas da vida em Lisboa, que se expressaram como problema religioso, através de um sentimento antijudaico acionado pelo discurso de ódio dos frades dominicanos.As fronteiras identitárias portuguesas foram construídas no confronto de forças sociais: de um lado o rei e a nobreza, e de outro a massa e o baixo clero, que respetivamente protegiam e perseguiam os chamados cristãos-novos, o que resultou no delineamento de uma hierarquia social com base na inferioridade étnica judaica. Em razão disso, o artigo analisa os precedentes históricos e os tensionamentos políticos, as condições de vida da Lisboa daqueles dias e os discursos de ódio, acionadores do sentimento antijudaico na população, utilizando-se, para a análise, de documentos da época, cartas, decretos de D. Manuele, preferencialmente, da crônica de Salomon Ibn Verga, além dos panfletos da testemunha alemã do massacre.
ITINERÁRIOS CULTURAIS EUROPEUS TRANSFRONTEIRIÇOS
Authors: Tavares Ribeiro Maria Manuela
Published: December 2017

Um grupo de trabalho do Conselho da Europa apresentou, em 1960, um relatório sobre os itinerários culturais da Europa. A partir de 1985, registou-sea criação de itinerários para vivificar nos europeus o seu património cultural comum. Apresentamos alguns exemplos, em particular da Europa centro-este.Multiplicam-se os laços culturais europeus nos anos 80/90 nascidos de uma dupla necessidade: renovar as formas de cooperação e fomentar as redes nocontexto cultural europeu através de itinerários transnacionais e transfronteiriços. Neste sentido, procurava-se fazer progredir e consolidar um projeto cultural de cooperação e de integração, que estimularia a consciência do cidadão europeu e a reflexão sobre o património cultural comum.