bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Peningkatan Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan dan Mengubah Pola Pikir Siswa Terhadap Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan
Authors: Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan suatu kegiatan yang bertujuan membantu masyarakat tertentu dalam beberapa aktivitas tanpa mengharapkan imbalan dalam bentuk apapun. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan informasi, menanamkan keyakinan kepada masyarakat sehingga masyarakat tidak sadar, tahu, dan mengerti akan isu-isu masalah kesehatan dan kenakalan remaja yang terjadi disekitar lingkungannya, tetapi juga mau dan bisa menerapkan informasi-informasi tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar dapat menunjang peningkatan derajat kesehatannya. Pelaksanaan Penyuluhan tentang upaya peningkatan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan dan mengubah pola pikir siswa terhadap pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Kediri. Siswa dan siswi diberikan pre test tentang pertolongan pertama, kemudian siswa diberikan leaflet dan dijelaskan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan saat hendak memberikan pertolongan pertama. Pada tahap akhir siswa dan siswi diberikan lembar post test untuk mengukur tingkat pemahamannya. Hasilnya seluruh siswa dan siswi yang diberikan penjelasan tentang upaya peningkatan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan dan mengubah pola pikir siswa terhadap pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan mengerti, dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan pemahaman dari hasil pre test dan post test. Saran bagi semua orang agar dapat melaksanakan dan meningkatkan upaya pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan.Keywords : Penyuluhan, Pertolongan Pertama, Kecelakaan Efforts To Increase The First Aid In Accidents and Change Students Thoughts To The First Aid In AccidentAbstractCommunity service is an activity that aims to help certain communities in some activities without expecting any kind of reward. This activity is carried out by disseminating information, instilling confidence in the community so that people are not aware, know, and understand the issues of health problems and juvenile delinquency that occur around their environment, but also want and can apply these information in daily life in order to be able to support the improvement of their health status. Implementation of Counseling on efforts to increase first aid in accidents and change the mindset of students towards first aid in accidents carried out in Kediri 1 Public High School. Students and students are given a pre test about first aid, then students are given leaflets and explained things to do when giving first aid. In the final stage students and students are given a post test sheet to measure the level of understanding. The result was that all students and students were given an explanation of efforts to increase first aid in accidents and change the mindset of students towards first aid in an accident to understand, as evidenced by an increase in understanding of the results of the pre test and post test. Suggestions for everyone to be able to implement and improve first aid efforts in accidents.Keywords: Extension, First Aid, Accidents
Peningkatan Sikap Sosial Positif melalui Outing Class Permainan Tradisional Interaktif
Authors: Yansaputra Galih , Pangestika Rintis Rizkia
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini meliputi mengenalkan kebudayaan berupa permainan tradisional yang interaktif kepada siswa sekolah dasar yang dimana di era global ini banyak dari mereka yang belum tahu akan manfaat dari permainan ini, menumbuhkan sikap sosial yang positif antar teman, menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, menambah wawasan kepada siswa tentang kebudayaan yang ada di sekitar, dan melestarikan kebudayaan. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan pendampingan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang meliputi memberikan pengetahuan baru tentang permainan tradisional dan melestarikan kebudayaan. Metode yang akan dipakai dalam mencapai tujuan kegiatan pendampingan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu dengan memberikan berbagai macam outing class melalui permainan tradisional yang interaktif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa melalui permainan tradisional interaktif ini, antar siswa sudah dapat menunjukkan sikap sosial yang positif, siswa merasa senang dalam pembelajaran, siswa menjadi tahu tentang kebudayaan Indonesia yang berupa permainan tradisional.Kata Kunci: permainan tradisional, sikap sosial, outing class Increasing Positive Social Attitudes through Traditional Interactive Game Outing Classes ABSTRACT The purpose of community service includes introducing culture in the form of interactive traditional games to elementary school students, where in this global era many of them do not know the benefits of the game, foster positive social attitudes among friends, create fun learning, add insight into students about the culture around them, and preserve culture. Specific targets to be achieved from community service assistance activities include providing new knowledge about traditional games and preserving culture. The method that will be used in achieving the objectives of community service assistance activities is by providing various outing classes through interactive traditional games. The results show that through this interactive traditional game, between students can already show positive social attitudes, students feel happy in learning, students come to know about Indonesian culture in the form of traditional games.Keywords: traditional game, social attitude, outing class
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah Untuk Mendorong Peningkatan Kualitas Siswa Tingkat SMA
Authors: Purnamasari Ika , Hayati Memi Nor , Yuniarti Desi
Published: August 2020

Karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) merupakan karya ilmiah yang ditulis dengan mengikuti kaidah ilmiah. Kaidah ilmiah sebagai syarat utama dalam penulisan sebuah karya dimaksudkan agar karya yang dihasilkan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara ilmiah. Tujuan kegiatan pelatihan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah yaitu menumbuhkan minat, semangat, serta ide kreatif dan inovatif dari siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI SMAN 5 Samarinda untuk menghasilkan sebuah karya ilmiah yang sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan mendapat dukungan penuh dari pihak sekolah. Seluruh peserta pelatihan mengikuti kegiatan hingga akhir dengan tingkat kehadiran sebesar 100%. Peserta kegiatan antusias untuk bertanya, mengeksplorasi ide, serta mengemukakan pendapat. Dengan demikian, kedepannya diharapkan adanya kegiatan lanjutan dengan melibatkan guru pendamping untuk mengoptimalkan perannya dalam penyusunan karya tulis ilmiah bagi peserta didik.Kata Kunci: kaidah ilmiah, KTI, peserta didik. Training on Writing Scientific Papers to Encourage Quality Improvement of High School Level Students ABSTRACT The scientific paper is an essay written by following scientific rules that are the main requirement so that the resulting essay can be justified scientifically. The purpose of the training is to increase the interest, enthusiasm, creative, and innovative ideas from students of class X and XI of SMAN 5 Samarinda to create a scientific paper that is following the rules. Based on the implementation of the training, it can be concluded that it is run well and received support from the school. All participants follow this activity until the end with an attendance rate of 100%. They are enthusiastic to ask, explore, and express their ideas and opinions. Then, in the future, it is expected that there will be further activities involving the teachers to optimization the role of assistants to create their student’s scientific papers.Keywords: scientific paper,scientific rules, students.
Mengajak Generasi Z SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Malang Berinternet Secara Bijak
Authors: Rosyida Hamdan Nafiatur , Kusumaningrum Demeiati Nur , Anggraheni Palupi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKHasil survei oleh Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) pada tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa 51,8 persen dari 256,2 juta penduduk Indonesia merupakan pengguna internet dan 47,6 persennya menggunakan internet melalui gawai pribadi. Meskipun demikian, fenomena sosial mencatat tidak semua individu dapat menggunakan media sosial secara bijak. Hal itulah yang menjadi semangat kemitraan tim UMM dengan SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Malang dalam program pelatihan literasi digital. Pemahaman siswa tentang literasi digital dalam penggunaan media sosial masih minim. Siswa menguasai penggunaan media sosial popular seperi Instagram, Twitter maupun Facebook namun dampak media sosial seperti munculnya hoax, fenomena ‘firehose falsehood’ maupun efek domino lainnya belum terlalu mendapat perhatian. Program literasi digital dilaksanakan melalui 2 (dua) format. Pertama, Seminar dan Talkshow Literasi Digital yang terdiri dari topik perkembangan terkini media social, pengenalan tentang logika big data yang menentukan tajuk komposisi berita, dan pengenalan keamanan digital (cyber security). Kedua, sosialisasi berinternet secara bijak menggunakan instrumen buku saku (booklet) yang bertujuan memberikan pemahaman bagi siswa mengenai bagaimana penggunaan sosial media dan dampak positif negatif dalam berbagai perspektif studi kasus.Kata Kunci: internet; literasi; millenial; pelatihan; remaja Invites Generation Z of Muhammadiyah Malang 1 High School to Internet WiselyABSTRACTThe results of a survey by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) in 2016 showed that 51.8 percent of 256.2 million Indonesians were internet users and 47.6 percent used the internet through private devices. However, social phenomena noted that not all individuals can use social media wisely. That was the spirit of the partnership between UMM and SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Malang in the digital literacy training program. Students' understanding of digital literacy in the use of social media is still minimal. Students master the use of popular social media like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook but the impact of social media such as the emergence of hoaxes, the phenomenon of 'firehose falsehood' and other domino effects have not received much attention. Digital literacy program is carried out in 2 (two) formats. First, the Seminar and Digital Literacy Talkshow which consists of the latest developments in social media, the introduction of the logic of big data that determines the headline of news composition, and the introduction of digital security (cyber security). Second, internet socialization wisely uses a booklet instrument which aims to provide students with an understanding of how social media is used and its positive and negative impacts in a variety of case study perspectives.Keywords: internet; literacy; millennial; training; teenager
Effects of Process-Based Cognitive Training on Memory in the Healthy Elderly and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shin Minyoung , Lee Ahee , Cho A Young , Son Minam , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: August 2020

Objective This study investigated the effects of process-based cognitive training that targets working memory and cognitive control on memory improvement in healthy elderly individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Forty healthy subjects and 40 patients with MCI were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received 12 sessions of designated cognitive training. The control group did not receive cognitive training. A memory test was administered pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Additional comprehensive neuropsychological tests were also administered including a depression scale questionnaire.Results Performance in attention and working memory, which are directly related to the training domains, and global cognitive function were improved in the intervention group after training. In memory tests, interference by irrelevant stimuli was reduced and recognition memory was improved after the intervention. Furthermore, cognitive training ameliorated depressive symptoms. These training effects were not dependent on MCI status.Conclusion Process-based cognitive training that targets working memory and cognitive control effectively improves memory processes including retrograde interference and recognition, as well as depressive symptoms associated with aging in healthy elderly individuals and patients with MCI.
Obesity and Depression: Its Prevalence and Influence as a Prognostic Factor: A Systematic Review
Authors: Blasco Beatriz Villagrasa , García-Jiménez Jesús , Bodoano Isabel , Gutiérrez-Rojas Luis
Published: August 2020

Objective Depression and obesity are two conditions with great impact over global health. This is mainly due to their high prevalence and the morbidity and mortality associated to both. The main aim of the present systematic review is to study the association between obesity and depression and the prognostic implications derived from it.Methods A literature review was performed in the PUBMED database. 18 articles were found (9 cross-sectional studies, 6 longitudinal studies and 3 clinical trials), which were reviewed by critical reading after which a summary of the main conclusions was written.Results These selected articles confirmed that there is indeed a link between depression and obesity, although there are doubts as to the significance of this relationship. Depression is a risk factor for obesity, especially atypical depression and in African-American adolescent males. Obesity is a risk factor for depression, especially in women and for recurrent depressive disorder. The comorbidity between obesity and depression is a risk factor for a bad prognosis illness.Conclusion The relationship between both disorders has been analysed in scientific literature, obtaining significant associations but also contradictory results. The most current data demonstrates that there is a relationship between both entities, although there is no unanimity when it comes to establishing the meaning of this association.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of antiviral agents for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Hongwei , Liu Lili , Chen Zhangren , Wen Jinhua , Liu Jiaming , Zhao Mengjun , Ouyang Feifan , Xu Xinyu , Xu Tiantian , Cao Li , Wei Xiaohua , Hong Tao
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of antiviral agents currently studied for the treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese Database), and MedRxiv for studies published from 1966 till May 10, 2020, and identified articles containing “COVID-19” and “antiviral agents”. Studies were reviewed and screened in the guidance of PRISMA. STATA 15.1 software was used to build a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. The Cochrane Risk of Bias or Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the public bias. Results: We identified 916 papers and included 7 studies involving 878 patients. The network meta-analysis was centered on comparing the efficacy and safety of presently used antiviral drugs for COVID-19. Among the antiviral agents applied in the treatment of COVID-19 treatment, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol (umefenovir) or placebo, favipiravir exhibited significantly better efficacy in nucleic acid conversion rate [RR 2.38, 95%CI (1.05, 5.41)] and CT improvements [RR 1.85, 95%CI (1.07, 3.2)] than arbidol as well as other included antivirals though no significant association were found. ARB had advantages in nucleic acid conversion rate and ADRs incidence. Besides, favipiravir was more superior in safety than other antiviral drugs assessed by SUCRA (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve) ranking. Conclusions: Favipiravir had better efficacy in clinical recovery as well as more acceptable safety, though further clinical research should be designed to confirm these results. With the limited data of remdesivir, we could not conclude a statistical advantages of using remdesivir.
Conservative treatment of giant popliteal aneurysm with edoxaban in an elderly man
Authors: Fazio Giovanni , Alcamo Pasquale , Schirò Piero
Published: August 2020

Although popliteal aneurysm is an uncommon condition, it is the most common peripheral artery aneurysm. Peripheral artery aneurysms may dilate or rupture, but can also result in embolism and thrombosis. The optimal management strategy for unoperated popliteal aneurysm and the prophylaxis of thromboembolism in high-risk patients remains to be determined. We present the case of an 81-year-old man with an unoperated popliteal aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 55 mm that was conservatively treated with direct oral anticoagulation and periodic surveillance. The patient also had Alzheimer’s disease and other severe comorbidities. He refused surgery; therefore, we decided to treat him with 30 mg of edoxaban daily to reduce the risk of thrombosis and distal embolism. The patient was followed up with a medical examination and ultrasound monitoring every six months. After a 5-years of follow-up, the size of the aneurysm remained stable, and there were no episodes of thrombosis or limb embolism. No bleeding or adverse effects were reported. These results suggest that a conservative approach with direct oral anticoagulation and periodic surveillance might be an effective strategy for patients at high surgical risk, with limited life expectancy or who refuse operative repair. However, further research and evidence are needed to support direct oral anticoagulation for conservative popliteal aneurysm treatment.
Informing the Classification of Positive Emotional Experiences: A Multisample Examination of Hierarchical Models of Positive Emotionality
Authors: Stanton Kasey , McDanal Riley , Carlton Corinne , Emery Noah N
Published: August 2020

Despite being multifaceted in nature, positive emotional (PE) experiences often are studied using only global PE ratings, and measures assessing more specific PE facets do not converge in their assessment approaches. To address these issues, we examined hierarchical factor structures of ratings of positive emotionality, which reflect propensities toward experiencing PE, in both online community adult (N = 375) and undergraduate (N = 447) samples. Preregistered analyses indicated (a) a broad distinction between tendencies to experience social affection and other PE types, and that (b) PE ratings can be differentiated by as many as four replicable factors of Joviality, Social Affection, Serenity, and Attentiveness. These PE dimensions were associated with distinct personality and psychopathology profiles. Examples of these distinctive associations included Joviality displaying robust positive associations with grandiosity and exhibitionism; conversely, although Social Affection and Joviality were strongly correlated, Social Affection showed associations in the opposite direction with grandiosity and exhibitionism. Other notable results include Serenity (e.g., feeling relaxed) showing negative associations with negative emotionality at a magnitude indicating that Serenity may reflect low levels of negative emotionality to a considerable degree. Collectively, these results highlight the need to consider distinct PE facets in addition to global PE ratings when assessing PE, as important nuance may be lost otherwise. Furthermore, our results indicate the need for additional research clarifying PE structure at different levels of abstraction to inform future measure development efforts and assessment approaches.
Pembelajaran di Masa Pandemi: Tidak Hanya Metode Daring Saja
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Saleh Ahmad Muzawir
Published: August 2020

Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan jalan baru kepada sebuah transformasi baru dalam sektor kehidupan, tak terkecuali di sektor pendidikan. Pembelajaran kini harus bertranformai dan telah terkonfirmasi oleh menteri pendidikan bahwa pembelajaran di masa pandemi akan berlangsung dengan system PJJ (Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh). Pembelajaran seperti itu tentunya akan bergantung pada tekhnologi digital atau yang biasa disebut sebagai pembelajaran e-learning.
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Authors: Poudel Utsav
Published: August 2020

We human beings are knowingly or unknowingly surrounded by chemistry. Morning to evening, life to death, it is a big aspect of our day-to-day life. One may think that it is a branch of science that deals with chemicals in the lab only but unknowingly he/she is applying it in daily works. We find its use in the food we eat, cleaning chemicals, the air we breathe and, every object we touch. Literally, student’s chemistry education takes place in lectures and books, lab playing with instruments and chemicals and they don’t see the relevance in their everyday life. Understanding the importance of chemistry in our regular life is most important in our technological and competitive society. It also helps to understand the world issue arising currently. One might get surprised when we say that our body is made of chemical elements and compounds so we can say we are the products of chemistry. Our emotions like love, respect, jealousy, frustration are also the aspect of chemistry.
GEMBALA: ANTARA SEORANG PELAYAN DAN PEMIMPIN
Authors: GULTOM JONI MANUMPAK PARULIAN
Published: August 2020

Panggilan gembala dalam perjanjian lama selalu berbicara tentang pekerjaan untuk menjaga kambing, domba, lembu atau binatang peliharaan. Pekerjaan ini termasuk pekerjaan yang hina dalam bangsa Israel dan bangsa lainnya. Masa itu biasanya menjadi tentara atau saudagar lebih layak di bandingkan dengan gembala. Di tanah Mesir sendiri, pekerjaan ini menjadi sesuatu yang sangat hina dan tidak beradab. Selalunya setiap penugasan seorang pendeta atau gembala dalam gereja adalah untuk menggembalakan jiwa jiwa yang Tuhan percayakan kepada mereka untuk dilayani kehidupan rohani. Namun sering kali pelayanan ini menimbulkan konotasi makna bahwa mengembalakan itu harus senantiaa menjadi seorang hamba yang identik sekali dengan tanpa hak, tanpa harta, hina dan tidak mempunyai kuasa atas otoritas atas jemaat yang dilayani. Sehingga banyak sekali gembala hanya berfungsi sebagai “pembicara hari Minggu” atau seseorang yang berfungsi dalam doa, konseling pastoral bahkan hanya diperlukan untuk urusan - urusan yang hanya bersifat rohani. Pada akhirnya dengan perkembangan zaman dan kehidupan jemaat makin lama makin kompleks, sangat rumit dan tekanan tekanan dunia yang menyerang iman, harap dan kasih mereka kepada Tuhan. Oleh sebab itu di perlukanlah seorang gembala yang bukan saja mempunyai hati hamba untuk selalu dapat melayani mereka dalam hal hal kerohanian namun juga bisa berdiri dan bertindak sebagai seorang pemimpin rohani. Walalupun gembala itu adalah seorang pemimpin bukan berarti dia menjadi boss atau manager karena dalam saat yang bersamaan juga, gembala itu harus dapat mengambil fungsi sebagai seorang pelayan Tuhan yang diurapi. Gereja sekarang ini telah banyak mengalami kemerosotan fungsi gembala dalam pelayanan mereka, hal ini disebabkan karena ketidak-seimbangan antara fungsi pelayan dan pemimpin yang mereka emban.
Small Improvements in Working Memory After Cognitive Training do not Transfer to Fluid Intelligence: Evidence From a Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodas Jose A. , Greene Ciara
Published: August 2020

Meta-analyses have found that working memory (WM) can be improved with WM training programmes, however some authors have suggested that these improvements are mostly driven by biases in the measurement of WM, more specifically, by using similar tasks for assessment and training. In the present meta-analysis, we investigate if WM can be improved in healthy adults. We considered any type of cognitive training (not only WM programmes), performed a risk of bias assessment of the included studies, and the WM assessment score only included measures from tasks different to those used for training. Data from 32 studies reporting 33 independent comparisons were analysed (total N = 2560). Our results indicate that training led to small improvements in WM (g = 0.13). Larger effects were observed when the analysis was performed with scores obtained from tasks similar to those used for training (g = 0.33), suggesting strong practice effects. Fluid intelligence did not improve as a result of training and a meta-regression indicated that improvements in WM were not related to changes in fluid intelligence. Contrary to expectations, a set of meta-regressions indicated that characteristics of the training programme such as dosage and type of training do not have an impact in the effectiveness of training. The risk of bias assessment revealed some concerns in the randomisation process and possible selective reporting among studies. Our results suggest that it is possible to improve WM with cognitive training, however these effects are not large enough to generalise to complex skills such as fluid intelligence.
Digital Storytelling Methodologies: Recommendations for a Participatory Approach to Engaging Underrepresented Communities in Counseling Psychology Research
Authors: Fish Jillian , Syed Moin
Published: August 2020

While counseling psychologists made substantial proposals to advance qualitative research since the special issue on related-methods was published 15-years ago (Haverkamp et al., 2005), the field continues to demonstrate an overreliance on quantitative methods. Though important for producing knowledge we can depend on, excessive use of these methods poses a barrier for counseling psychologists to address the needs of the communities that are at the core of our discipline’s values – those who are marginalized and underserved in society. In alignment with our values of social justice, advocacy, and empowerment, we propose counseling psychologists adopt a methodology within a critical paradigm to better address issues of inequality and inequity when working with underrepresented communities, such as digital storytelling. Rooted in a movement to increase access to art for marginalized communities in the 1970s and 80s, digital storytelling is an arts-based research methodology that captures first-person narrated accounts of peoples’ lives through the use of stories, photos, and videos, and empowers communities to be a part of research to create social change. We provide recommendations for using digital storytelling in counseling psychology research as outlined through five phases, including 1) digital storytelling’s critical paradigm, 2) project development, 3) implementation, 4) data analysis, and 5) dissemination. While doing so, we draw on examples from two digital storytelling projects we are familiar with, Immigrant Stories and OrigiNatives, providing a framework for a digital frontier in counseling psychology research.
Complexity Theory of Psychopathology
Authors: Olthof Merlijn , Hasselman Fred , Oude Maatman Freek , Bosman Anna , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna
Published: August 2020

There is a renewed interest for complex adaptive system approaches that can account for the inherently complex and dynamic nature of psychopathology. Yet, a theory of psychopathology grounded in the principles of complex adaptive systems is lacking. Here, we present such a theory based on the notion of dynamic patterns: patterns that are formed over time. We propose that psychopathology can be understood as a dynamic pattern that emerges from self-organized interactions between interdependent biopsychosocial processes in a complex adaptive system comprising a person in its environment. Psychopathology is emergent in the sense that it refers to the person-environment system as a whole, and cannot be reduced to specific system parts. Psychopathology as a dynamic pattern is also self-organized, meaning that it arises solely from the interdependencies in the system: the interactions between countless biopsychosocial variables. All possible manifestations of psychopathology will correspond to a wide variety of dynamic patterns. Yet, we propose that the development of these patterns over time can be described by general principles of pattern formation in complex adaptive systems. A discussion of implications for classification, intervention and public health concludes the paper.
Sensorimotor signals underlying space perception: an investigation based on self-touch
Authors: Cataldo Antonio , Dupin Lucile , Gomi Hiroaki , Haggard Patrick
Published: August 2020

Perception of space has puzzled scientists since antiquity and is among the foundational questions of scientific psychology. Classical “local sign” theories assert that perception of spatial extent ultimately derives from efferent signals specifying the intensity of motor commands. Everyday cases of self-touch, such as stroking the left forearm with the right index fingertip, provide an important platform for studying spatial perception, because of the tight correlation between motor and tactile extents. Nevertheless, if the motor and sensory information in self-touch were artificially decoupled, these classical theories would clearly predict that motor signals– especially if self-generated rather than passive – should influence spatial perceptualjudgements, but not vice versa. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the contribution of tactile, kinaesthetic, and motor information to judgements of spatial extent. In a self-touch paradigm involving two coupled robots in a master-slave configuration, voluntary movements of the right-hand produced simultaneous tactile stroking on the left forearm. Crucially, the coupling between robots was manipulated so that tactile stimulation could be shorter, equal, or longer in extent than the movement that caused it. Participants judged either the extent of the movementor the extent of the tactile stroke. By controlling sensorimotor gains in this way, we quantified how motor signals influence tactile spatial perception and vice versa. Perception of tactile extent was strongly biased by the amplitude of the movement performed. Importantly, touch also affected the perceived extent of movement. Finally, the effect of movement on touch was significantly stronger when movements were actively-generated compared to when the participant’s right hand was passively moved by the experimenter. Overall, these results suggest that motor signals indeed dominate the construction of spatial percepts, at least when the normal tight correlation between motor and sensory signals is broken. Importantly, however, thisdominance is not total, as classical theory might suggest.
Task instructions: a part of the social context of participants? A N300 and N400 event-related brain potential study
Authors: Sinha Sujata , Bouten Sheila , Tardif Amanda , Daryoush Tarlan , Frye Natalie , Pantecouteau Hugo , Chau-Morris Ashely , Haffar Maud , Hess Ursula , Kostova Milena , Debruille J. Bruno
Published: August 2020

The early and preconscious processing of stimuli that are meaningful in everyday life includes systematical activations of many semantic, emotional and motor representations. Inhibitions should then occur in order to select, among these primed representations, those that are consistent with the context. Even in a lab this context is social, as it typically consists of the experimenter and of the instructions and stimuli (s)he provides. Three recent N400 studies confirm this social view of experimental settings by showing that socially driven processes affect what was primed by prior stimuli. The small amplitudes of the N400 event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by stimuli preceded by semantical primes were found to be enhanced by the mere presence of a person next to participants when they know this person did not have the semantic primes. It thus seems that N400 processes inhibit what these primes have activated so that participants can also have the perspective of the uninformed person. This inhibition interpretation implies that N400s should be notably reduced when nothing allows to determine what should be inhibited, that is, when the social context is not defined and when task’s instructions require minimal inhibition. We tested this prediction by having a stranger next to participants (n=29) and by presenting meaningful unpredictable images in a simple memorization task. As foreseen, N400s were small. They were enhanced by definable social contexts, that is, in participants alone with the experimenter (n=30) and in those with a friend (n = 36). The amplitudes of the N300s were also enhanced. A second experiment revealed that these N300 and N400 enhancements were larger for friends who felt in the presence of their partner during most of the experiment. As to the late posterior positivities (LPPs) immediately succeeding the N400s, they were found to be larger in the unknown social context of the first experiment, suggesting that more information ended up being placed into the working memory when inhibitions could not occur. These results are compatible with a serial 3-stages framework of the processing of stimuli meaningful in everyday life. Early and broad systematic activations (priming) would be followed by automatic late selections done according to the social-context and then, by the participant’s consciousness of the meanings of the stimulus in this context. As inadequate late selections would cause impairments of social and cognitive behaviors, the present results could have implications for psychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia.
Self-Transcendence and Life Stories of Humanistic Growth Among Late-Midlife Adults
Authors: Reischer Hollen N. , Roth Laura J. , Villarreal Jorge A. , McAdams Dan P.
Published: August 2020

Objective: Self-transcendence is the experience of feeling connected to something greater than oneself. Previous studies have shown high scores on self-transcendence are associated with well-being and other psychological benefits, but have rarely examined the lived experiences of highly self-transcendent people. Method: Black and White men and women in late-midlife completed Life Story Interviews and self-report measures of self-transcendence. In Study 1 (N = 144, Mage = 56.4), we used grounded theory methodology to differentiate stories told by participants scoring either extremely high or extremely low on self-transcendence. In Study 2 (N = 125; Mage = 60.4), we created a quantitative coding scheme, and scored 1,375 new life story scenes. Results: In Study 1, six narrative themes were identified (closure, interconnectedness, lifelong learning, secure attachment, self-actualization, spiritual pluralism) as part of a “humanistic growth story.” In Study 2, four of the narrative themes were found to predict self-transcendence scores with significant effect sizes of β = .26 to .47. Conclusions: In our sample, highly self-transcendent individuals tended to narrate their lived experiences as spiritual journeys of humanistic growth. This study adds to our understanding of one path of personality growth in late midlife, that toward self-transcendence.
PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI ERA COVID-19
Authors: RAHMAN TAUFIK
Published: August 2020

Covid-19 atau sering disebut Virus Corona adalah suatu wabah penyakit yang berasal atau pertama kali di temukan dari Tiongkok, penyakit tersebut menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia. Covid-19 tersebut menyebar ke Indonesia pada awal Maret 2020. Penyebaran virus Corona ini menyebabkan beberapa kerugian yang cukup besar ke negara kita yaitu Indonesia terutama dalam bidang ekonomi, dan merambat ke bidang pendidikan, Covid-19 juga mengubah model pembelajaran secara drastis, dari pembelajaran secara konvensional dan sekarang menjadi pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring, dari yang bertatap muka dan sekarang Cuma bisa melalui via aplikasi saja, yang terdampak mulai dari tingkat sekolah dasar (SD) sampai perguruan tinggi. Pada kegiatan pembelajaran dengan mode daring di Universitas Lambung Mangkurat sudah lumayan efektif dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi Google Classroom, Google Meet dan E-learning. Kalau kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yaitu masalah koneksi internet mahasiswa yang kurang mendukung pada setiap wilayah mahasiswa tersebut.
Women Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Local Institutions
Authors: Ahasan Rakibul , Hoda Nazmul , Mudasser Mehedi
Published: August 2020

Similar to the rest of the world, women empowerment in rural Bangladesh is growing as one of the most critical issues need answering very soon. Several attempts have been undertaken by different government organizations, local government institutions, and non-government organizations in recent years to empower the women in various facets- social, economic and political for the least. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the women empowerment status in a rural area in Khulna district, Bangladesh. Physical surveys were conducted among the households in the Chakrakhali village under Jalma Union in Batiaghata Upazilla of Khulna district. The samples were randomly drawn from the families in the area irrespective of economic, social or religious characteristics. All the respondents were adult women- either the household head of women lead household or the housewife of the family. The social, economic, and political empowerment status of the women in the village was evaluated through the study. The findings from the survey indicate the women are empowered mostly in the economic realm, followed by social empowerment. The political empowerment of the women of that village found to be absent in most cases. The survey results also indicated that the household heads hinder the political and social empowerment status of the women in a male-lead household. In these types of families, despite the monetary or other supports form the institutions is delivered to the women, they are not the own making the decisions. It is found that a lot of the choices of the women are influenced by the household head, mainly to borrow money from micro-credit organizations. The understanding between government organizations and women are not in good shape as women are not interested in the functions of these organizations in most of the cases. Mainly the non-government organizations (i.e., CSS, BUREAU Bangladesh, ASA, PROSHIKA, BRAC, Grameen Bank, etc.) work for the villagers, and women are more concerned about the activities of these institutions. However, it was found from the study that women are not being benefitted and mainstreamed through empowerment activities by these institutions.
Aplicación de ForceAtlas2, un algoritmo de diseño gráfico continuo, para el estudio de las élites
Authors: González-Bustamante Bastián , Cisternas Carla
Published: August 2020

Este documento de trabajo prueba un algoritmo alterantivo para los períodos legislativos analizados por González-Bustamante y Cisternas (2016) en Chile entre 1990 y 2014. Se utiliza específicamente ForceAtlas2, el cual es un algoritmo de diseño gráfico continuo desarrollado por Jacomy et al. (2014) basado en un diseño dirigido por fuerza. Se analiza la composición social, militancia y los antecedentes educativos para identificar el nivel de homogeneidad en cada legislatura.
KELEMAHAN NORMATIF PENGATURAN TINDAK PIDANA DALAM PASAL 2 DAN PASAL 3 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DAN PERUBAHANNYA SERTA UPAYA PENYEMPURNAANNYA DALAM RANGKA PEMENUHAN KEWENANGAN DIREKSI BUMD YANG BERBENTUK
Authors: Islamy Billy Pahlevy
Published: August 2020

The results of this research are as follows: First, Article 2 and Article 3 of the Anti-Corruption Act does not meet the principles in the formulation of a crime namely lex certa (must be clear and not multiple interpretations) and lex stricta means the formulation of the criminal act must be interpreted firmly and strictly and is prohibited from analogizing so it is not prohibited from analogizing. reflecting legal certainty and contradicting Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The limitation for the Board of Directors to achieve legal certainty and justice is the application of the Business Judgment Rule principle as regulated in the Limited Liability Company Law. Law enforcers must always pay attention and uphold the principle of legality in law enforcement, which reflects legal certainty.Key words: Corruption Crime, Board of Directors Authority, Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) Persero Company.
Decision between Public Investment and Public Consumption: A Policy Analysis
Authors: Raashid Muhammad , Saboor Abdul , Afzal Aneela
Published: August 2020

This study aims to draw a policy decision between public investment and public consumption by designing a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model for the economy of Pakistan which is experiencing persistent shocks that have stressed the growth pattern. The DSGE model has a microeconomic foundation and justifies locus critics by envisioning an artificial economy. The model is evaluated and set to best fit for data through an exercise of moment matching. Government consumption shocks and Government Investment shocks are used to trace out the behaviour of the economy. The analysis confirms that Pakistan economy could go for capital formation through public investment but it results in compromised public consumption and structural unemployment. It is further concluded that the export base and long-run public investment programs are needed to achieve sustainable development in the economy.
INVESTIGATING THE LINK BETWEEN MODERNIZATION AND THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL INSTITUTION: QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Imran  , Khattak Mamoon Khan , Ullah Azad
Published: August 2020

The notion of change in the political institution is associated with multifarious factors. In the current scenario, modernization is one of the foremost factors which transformed the diverse aspects of political institution. This paper is an attempt to shed light on the impact of modernization on the political institution. The quantitative research strategy has been adopted in this research. The data was collected (n=250) from seven tehsils of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The univariate analysis, descriptive statistics and agreement indices were used. Diverse aspects have been explored in this research like political participation of growing middle-class people, awareness of common masses regarding the importance of the vote and their access to the elected representatives, voter behavior, turnout ratio, political accountability, electoral reforms, governance, youth and gender-based political participation and access of common masses to the political leaders. The study results revealed significant impacts of modernization on political institution.
References to Common Law in the Reasons for Judgments by Polish Courts
Authors: Maroń Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the reasons for rulings of the Polish courts in terms of the presence in them of references to common law. The analysis of the title issue is mainly of a qualitative nature with descriptive, systematic, and explanatory features. The research has focused on determining the functions played by the references to common law in judgments and on recognizing the factors that rule or causally explain the practice of the courts referring to the given law system in their decisions. Some general regularities characterizing the discussed phenomenon have also been shown. Furthermore, quantitative findings on the scale, intensity, and dynamics of the references to common law in the reasons for judgments have been presented. Common law, which until now has been the subject of comparative studies of the Polish legal science, is increasingly drawing attention of the Polish courts as the law-applying bodies.
Directive 2013/48/EU and the Requested Person’s Right to Appoint a Lawyer in the Issuing Member State in European Arrest Warrant Proceedings
Authors: Glerum Vincent
Published: August 2020

Directive 2013/48/EU gives persons who are subject to European arrest warrant proceedings the right to “dual representation”: not only the right of access to a lawyer in the executing Member State but also the right to appoint a lawyer in the issuing Member State, whose limited role it is to provide information and advice to the lawyer in the executing Member State with a view to the effective exercise of the requested person’s rights under Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA. The right to appoint a lawyer in the issuing Member State is supposed to contribute to facilitating judicial cooperation. This article takes a closer look at that right and tries to establish whether – and, if so, to what extent – that right does indeed facilitate judicial cooperation.
Access to a Lawyer for a Suspect at Early Stage of Criminal Proceedings and Its Participation in Investigative Acts
Authors: Dzierżanowska Joanna
Published: August 2020

This elaboration is dedicated to analysis of access to a lawyer for a suspect at early stage of criminal proceedings in Polish criminal law in the light of directive 2013/48/EU. In particular, it emphasises the suspects right of access to  a lawyer during identity parade, confrontation and reconstruction of the scene of a crime. It considers whether the applicable legal provisions of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure ensure, above all, appropriate scope of the right of the defence for the suspected person in view of the indicated evidentiary activities and whether this scope corresponds to the standards designated by the European Union directive 2013/48/EU.
Effective Access to Defence Counsel in the Judicial Stage of Polish Criminal Proceedings in the Scope of Directives 2013/48/EU and 2016/1919/EU
Authors: Zbiciak Adrian Marek
Published: August 2020

Artykuł analizuje niektóre przepisy polskiego Kodeksu postępowania karnego dotyczące prawa oskarżonego do dostępu do obrońcy, ograniczonego do etapu postępowania przed sądem, w kontekście przepisów dwóch aktów prawnych UE dotyczących tej kwestii: Dyrektywy 2013/48/UE i Dyrektywy 2016/1919/UE. Przepisy polskiego k.p.k. co do zasady spełniają standard Dyrektywy 2013/48. Pewien problem może wystąpić w sytuacji, gdy wyznaczony jest obrońca z urzędu, a sąd zdecyduje się prowadzić postępowanie pod jego nieobecność. Nawet co do tej kwestii przepisy dają możliwość procedowania zgodnie ze standardem unijnym. Jeśli chodzi o wymogi wynikające z Dyrektywy 2016/1919, polskie przepisy dotyczące etapu postępowania sądowego spełniają normę unijną nawet w poziomie wyższym, niż minimalny. Jedyny znaczący problem może wynikać z obowiązku złożenia wniosku o wyznaczenie obrońcy z urzędu w wściśle określonym terminie, nadal jednak dzięki konkretnym rozwiązaniom gwarancyjnym przewidzianym w polskim k.p.k. standard Dyrektywy 2016/1919 jest zachowany.
Contaminación del agua por metales pesados, métodos de análisis y tecnologías de remoción. Una revisión
Authors: Pabón Guerrero Santiago Eduardo , Benítez Benítez Ricardo , Sarria Villa Rodrigo Andrés , Gallo Corredor José Antonio
Published: August 2020

Current industrial production systems nowadays use heavy metals for the extraction of a material or as an element in the refining of a particular product which in principle results in obtaining the desired product with relatively low production cost. However, using these metals presents a serious environmental problem due to their high levels of toxicity for the organisms which they interact once they are discharged. Therefore, various methods have been developed to deal with these metals once they are in the water and the methods to analyze them. A comprehensive and update search was made of the sources, effects and toxicity in the living beings, analysis methods and the various techniques of heavy metal treatment. As a result, the researcher will be more prepared to have current information on the treatments to be taken into account in the handling of heavy metals.