bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Prohibited Additives in Wines
Authors: Anikina Nadezhda , Cherviak Sofia , Gnilomedova Nonna , Ermikhina Marianna
Published: November 2024

There is no uniform test or “black box method” to establish definitely the authenticity of wine samples. Methods and types of adulteration are constantly being modernized, requesting to improve and develop analytical methods of increasing the efficiency of identification and detection of counterfeits. The goal of the research is to create a system for diagnostics of prohibited process technologies and additives during the wine identification. The studies were carried out in 2016-2023. The objects of research are: wines; model systems obtained by introducing of permitted and prohibited additives. A total of 3.500 samples were examined. Enochemical indicators based on the principles of high-performance and gas-liquid chromatography, potentiometry and colorimetry were identified in the objects. The developed classifying system covers the range of detection of prohibited additives and a number of process technologies: coloring agents of different origin, flavoring agents, organic acids, water, glycerol; sugar- containing substances of non-grape origin, additives of non-grape raw materials. Each element of the system can be used to diagnose several types of counterfeits. The system is open for seeding and spreading. Methods of analysis of classifying indicators are quite simple and available for industrial laboratories of various levels.
The effect of agronomic practices and terroir on the phenolic complex of autochthonous grape variety ‘Kefesiya’
Authors: Boiko Vladimir , Urdenko Natalia , Beibulatov Magomedsaigit , Tikhomirova Nadezhda , Buival Roman , Romanov Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the cropping capacity, quality indicators, and phenolic compounds in various tissues of the ‘Kefesiya’ grape variety, influenced by cultivation terroir and agricultural practices. Results indicate that bush training methods, trunk height, and green operations significantly affect cropping capacity, quality, and phenolic content. A multi-armed fan training on a medium trunk in the Sudak terroir yielded 1.8 times higher cropping capacity compared to a one-sided Guyot on a high trunk in Alminskiy. Combining topping with defoliation increased sugar content by 15% and reduced titratable acids by 24% in Sudak, while in Alminskiy, sugar content rose by 5% and acids decreased by 9%. However, this combination also led to a decrease in phenolic compounds across both terroirs. Topping and defoliation positively correlated with phenolic compounds, especially catechins. The study highlights that grape quality and phenolic accumulation are influenced not only by soil and climate but also by specific agricultural practices tailored to crown management.
Farm Soil Testing Techniques, Soil Health, and Potential Impact of Artificial Intelligence as Factors of Small-Scale Farming Soil Management
Authors: Louiella Samaniego Ann , Gallego Marianito
Published: November 2024

Small-scale farming is vital to global food production, especially in rural communities that may face constraints in resource availability and technology access. This study, conducted in the first quarter of the 2024 in the CALABARZON region (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon Province) of the Philippines, investigates soil management practices among small-scale farmers engaged in subsistence and semi-commercial agriculture. It assesses farm soil testing techniques, current soil health, farmers’ awareness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications and its potential impact on soil management. The study uses a stratified sampling approach to analyze challenges from 103 farmers, with the survey data examined through descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that small-scale farmers exhibit hesitancy towards soil testing and adopting technological advancements like AI, primarily due to limited knowledge and financial constraints, hindering their ability to address soil health issues and improve management practices, despite recognizing potential benefits. This study offers valuable insights and benefits for small-scale farmers aiming to implement technological applications for their farms and address soil health issues in their management practices.
Religious-based Environmental Movement: Mosque as a Center of Environmental Awareness Initiatives in Code River Yogyakarta
Authors: Sunesti Yuyun , Zunariyah Siti
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses the emerging role of mosque as a new public space for catalyzing environmental movement. Beyond the environmental initiatives spearheaded by governmental bodies, NGOs, environmental activists, and concerned communities, mosque situated along the banks of the Code River have emerged as a significant local institution actively engaged in fostering environmental consciousness and contributing to river restoration efforts. In addition to its traditional role in fostering religious devotion, the mosque is increasingly recognized for its capacity to enhance awareness of the surrounding environment. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a focus on a case study. Data collection was facilitated through in-depth interviews, observational methods, and documentation studies. Drawing upon McCarthy & Zald’s Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT), this study reveals that mosques have evolved into valuable resources for riverbank residents, serving as platforms to mobilize communities towards fostering environmental awareness. This mobilization is achieved through various activities including awareness campaigns, strategic planning, and the expansion of networks aimed at fostering environmental management.
Adaptation of Red Upland Rice Farmers to Climate Change in Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Wijaya Oki , Cahya Addin Dinar
Published: November 2024

Farmers face high risks to the success of their production due to climate change, which occurs intensively and continuously, so red upland rice farmers in Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency, have to adapt. The research aims to describe the adaptation of red upland rice farmers to climate change and determine the factors that influence it. The research location was carried out using purposive sampling. Respondents were defined as red upland rice farmers using a simple random sampling method of 100 farmers. Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis, score analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. The research results show that adaptation in farmers aged over 50 years is in the very high category. Meanwhile, farmers under and equal to 50 are included in the moderately adaptive category. Factors influencing red upland rice farmers' adaptation to climate change are land area, age, gender, education, farming experience, number of family members, and distance to market. The implications of this research provide important guidance for policy, namely tailored training for older farmers, educational programs for young farmers, and gender-specific support for women to increase sustainable food security amidst climate change.
The Influence of Welfare Level on Food Security in Farmer Households
Authors: Slamet Widodo Aris , Widodo  , Man Norsida , Ulum Bahrul
Published: November 2024

Food security for a country is very important, especially for a country with a very large population like Indonesia. However, Indonesia is still faced with the problem of farmer welfare, most of whom are poor or low-income, which is only around 30% of total family income and a decrease in agricultural production and productivity. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of welfare levels on food security in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with cross-sectional data to determine the main objectives of the study. Data were collected using questionnaires through face-to-face interviews from a random sample of 75 farmer households in Java and Sulawesi. The results of the study showed that the level of farmer welfare was in a fairly high category with the food security of farmer households being quite food secure. The level of farmer welfare has a positive effect on the food security of farmer households. This shows that government policies that focus on improving the welfare status of farmer households in terms of health, material wealth, and farmer knowledge can improve food security.
Does conflict influence the agriculture sector? Evidence from Myanmar’s Civil War
Authors: Maksum Ali , Fauzi Widodo Risky , Husni Mubarak Nanang
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to investigate the complex impacts of the 2021 coup in Myanmar, notably the subsequent civil war, on food security. Through qualitative analysis, we delve into the extensive disruptions wrought upon Myanmar’s social and economic landscape, with a specific emphasis on its agricultural sector. Using secondary data, we found a paradox where despite the bloody conflict, the country’s agricultural exports, particularly rice and beans, have increased. This study addresses a significant gap in current literature by elucidating the often-overlooked relationship between civil conflict and agricultural sustainability in the Myanmar context.
Application of Theory of Planned Behavior to the Interest of the Young Generation in Organic Farming
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Putri Ambarwati Rahadi Wahyu
Published: November 2024

Organic farming involves cultivating plants without artificial chemicals, resulting in higher-quality products. The younger generation’s lack of interest in organic farming can impede agricultural development. To address this, Caping Merapi Agroeducation serves as a learning platform for youth. This study aims to assess the interest of young people in studying organic farming, conducted purposively at Caping Merapi Agroeducation with a sample of 40 respondents using quota sampling. Data was collected through observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Findings indicate that interest in organic farming is high, reflected in three key indicators: knowledge increase, interest, and involvement, with the highest scores in involvement. Overall, the study shows that the younger generation is interested in learning organic farming.
Adoption Innovation Red Rice Inpari 24 Land Dry in Semin District, Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Wahyu Wardhini Hidhay , Agus Yulianti Utami
Published: November 2024

The production of red rice in the Semin Subdistrict has declined, necessitating the development of the Inpari 24 variety to boost yields. Understanding the adoption process of this new variety is critical for improving agricultural practices. This study aims to analyze the decision-making process and factors influencing the adoption of Inpari 24 red rice cultivation among farmers in Semin Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency. A survey was conducted with 150 farmers using structured interviews and field observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to determine adoption stages and significant influencing factors. The decision-making process was divided into four stages: recognition, persuasion, decision, and confirmation. The overall adoption level was moderate. Significant factors influencing adoption included land status, family size, and participation in agricultural activities, while age, education, land size, farming experience, gender, and extension frequency were insignificant. The adoption of Inpari 24 red rice is significantly influenced by family size, land status, and participation in agricultural activities. Enhancing extension services and focusing on effective seed preparation practices can improve adoption rates. This study provides a detailed analysis of the adoption process and influential factors specific to dryland farming contexts, offering insights into policy and agricultural extension improvements.
Studies on thermo-mechanical and microstructural properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Kumari Khushi , Kumar Rajesh , Kulkarni Kishor S. , Pippal Ashish , Khan Jeeshan
Published: November 2024

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC) is a viable option for roof insulation as it is an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and sustainable building material. The present study investigates the thermo-mechanical properties of NAAC for roof insulation. For NAAC, this study aims to identify the optimized mix proportions to achieve the desired aerating effect and strength by using aluminum powder, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and sodium sulfate, and by replacing sand with waste materials such as class-F fly ash in varying percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The mix with 100% sand replacement has a maximum compressive strength of approximately 1.4 MPa. Experimental studies were conducted to analyze the desirable properties of NAAC, including its compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The compressive strength (CS) of the NAAC samples varied from 0.765 to 1.4 MPa, the thermal conductivity varied from 0.165 to 0.137 W/mK, and the density varied from 540 to 580 kg/m3. The microstructural analysis of NAAC was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The research results are intended to contribute to the creation of lightweight, affordable, environmentally friendly, fire-resistant, and thermally insulated building materials for use in construction.
Development of Sustainable Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels using artificial aggregates and mineral admixture
Authors: Kumar Pushpender , Kumar Rajesh , Surabhi  , Rahman Mohd. Reyazur , Khan Shahnawaz
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the development of sustainable precast concrete sandwich wall panels using alternative materials. This study explores the partial replacement of natural aggregates with Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) and marble waste aggregate while utilizing fly ash as a partial cement substitute. The experimental panels were constructed using self-compacting concrete mixes with varying proportions of these materials. The panels consisted of two steel fiber-reinforced concrete wythes joined by basalt fiber-reinforced polymer connectors, with expanded polystyrene insulation. Full-scale wall panels underwent flexural testing according to ASTM standards. The results indicate that alternative materials affect panel performance in terms of strength, ductility, and energy absorption. Panels with 20% LECA exhibited the best thermal performance, achieving a U-value of 0.363 W/m2·K, surpassing the energy code standards. The mixture containing 100% marble waste exhibited the highest flexural strength. Sustainable panels were estimated to be 28% cheaper in terms of raw material costs than conventional panels. The study achieved significant CO2 savings of approximately 240 kg per ton of concrete when 30% of cement was replaced with fly ash. These findings underscore the viability of incorporating sustainable materials into precast concrete sandwich panels, offering a promising path toward more environmentally conscious and energy-efficient building practices.
Piezoelectric Sensors Enable Real-Time Monitoring of Steel Corrosion in Concrete Structures
Authors: Thakur Aishwarya , Saurav
Published: November 2024

The durability of reinforced concrete (RC) is an important topic nowadays. Corrosion of RC structures has been one of the major causes of structural failure. Corrosion in steel-reinforced is a time-dependent formula, hence real-time corrosion monitoring is not an easy task. In this study, real-time corrosion monitoring is done with the help of a piezoelectric sensor. Corrosion monitoring could limit the extent and location of needed repairs or replacements, and reduce rehabilitation costs. The M40 and M50 concrete grades were monitored in this study with the help of the non-destructive testing (NDT) method. It has been found that NDT methods are effective for assessing the effect of steel corrosion in RC structures, as well as assessing the structural integrity of the structure. An oscilloscope was used to record the individual ultrasonic waves for concrete grades M40 and M50. Furthermore, the ultrasonic waves obtained from both grades were compared and the best suitable grade of concrete in a real scenario was also suggested. These experimental results successfully detected and measured the rebar corrosion sensibly. In the industries of rebar corrosion, the research will provide diagnostic engineers and researchers with a refined experimental technique to compare different grades of concrete.
Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Enhanced with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Metakaolin through Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Jha Sushant Kumar , Kumar Saurabh
Published: November 2024

Concrete technology is widely favoured in construction for its affordability, performance, and effectiveness. However, there's a growing need for it to be more durable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. Achieving these goals involves incorporating or substituting energy-efficient materials from industries, such as bottom ash, fly ash, and steel slag. Additionally, recyclable materials like Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) and Metakaolin (MK) can be utilized in concrete production. The combined effects of MK and SBA on concrete's mechanical properties were investigated through various destructive and non-destructive tests, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), and Digital Schmidt Rebound Hammer (RH) testing. Different ratios of MK and SBA, ranging from 5% to 20%, were used to partially replace cement by mass in the design of M-35 grade concrete, while M-sand replaced fine aggregate entirely by volume. Experimental results suggest that concrete incorporating industrial waste materials like SBA and MK outperforms conventional concrete, as evidenced by both non-destructive and destructive testing methods.
Laboratory shear strength studies of soil admixed with GGBS and dolomite
Authors: Nazir Musaib , Bansal Manjeet , Garg Prashant
Published: November 2024

Dolomite, a sedimentary carbonate rock primarily composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), a by-product of iron production, are explored as potential enhancements for soil composition in geotechnical engineering. This study aims to effectively reuse these materials by partially replacing loose sand in foundation beds for substructures. The existing soil is partially replaced with varying proportions of Dolomite and GGBS. A series of laboratory tests are carried out to evaluate the performance of the soil partially replaced with these materials. The engineering assessment includes particle size distribution, particle density, and compaction properties. Shear strength and load carrying properties of Dolomite and GGBS in combination are studied through large-scale direct shear and plate load tests respectively. This initial work revealed that calcined dolomite-GGBS blends are practical and are an effective option for soil stabilization. It is observed that addition of 25% of GGBS and 12% of Dolomite by weight helps to improve the shear strength properties of soil. The results obtained from this study can be used to establish a basis for the practical use of Dolomite and GGBS in geotechnical applications.
Studies on Fly- ash and Slag incorporated Sustainable AAC Composites
Authors: Verma Shivangi , Yadav Amit , Kumar Rajesh , Kulkarni Kishore S. , Khan Shahnavaz
Published: November 2024

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight and environmentally friendly construction material that is being utilized in modern masonry construction. This paper presents the development of AAC, consisting of industrial wastes such as Class F fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS). In this study, the AAC was composed of OPC, GGBS, fly ash, water, and aluminum oxide (which generates hydrogen bubbles). AAC blocks were manufactured by combining, shaping, slicing, and autoclaving at elevated temperatures and pressures, as per IS 2185 (Part 3). AAC samples were developed by substituting sand with fly ash or GGBS at four different levels: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. After the autoclave process, the flexural, compressive, and thermal conductivity properties of all AAC samples were analyzed. The microstructure was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The densities of all AAC samples ranged from 450 to 650 kg/m3. The compressive strength of the fly ash-induced AAC samples varied from 1.6 to 2.2 MPa, while the thermal conductivity ranged from 0.147 to 0.164 W/mK. The compressive strength of GGBS incorporated AAC composites ranged from 0.78 to 3.24 MPa, thermal conductivity ranged from 0.151 to 0.162 W/mK, and flexural strength varied from 0.30 to 1.17 MPa. AAC has a lower energy consumption than clay bricks. In conclusion, autoclaved aerated concrete is a versatile and sustainable building material that offers a range of benefits, including reduced density, increased specific strength, improved thermal insulation, and enhanced fire resistance, when compared to conventional concrete. Their unique properties make them an attractive option for modern construction projects.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Jarosite-Enhanced Concrete for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Afaque Mohammad , Khan Rizwan Ahmad , Roy Surendra , Khan Mohd Ahmar
Published: November 2024

This research explores the effects of incorporating jarosite, a byproduct from the zinc industry, as a partial substitute for cement in concrete on its mechanical performance, durability, and microstructural characteristics. Four concrete mixes, including a control mix (M45) and mixes with jarosite replacing 10%, 15%, and 20% of the cement, were prepared and tested. The results show that jarosite reduces workability but maintains stable density. Compressive strength was highest at 15% jarosite replacement, exceeding the control mix at 28 and 56 days. A similar pattern was observed in split tensile strength, though the control mix still demonstrated the greatest tensile strength. Water absorption increased with jarosite content but remained comparable to the control mix at 15% and 20% replacements. Electrical resistivity tests indicated low to moderate corrosion risk, with the 20% jarosite mix showing the best resistance. Microstructural analysis via SEM revealed denser calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel structures in the 15% jarosite mix, enhancing strength, while the 20% mix exhibited voids, potentially affecting durability. Overall, 15% jarosite proved to be the optimal replacement level, offering improved mechanical performance and durability, with potential benefits for sustainable concrete production.
Use of Reclaimed Aggregates in Flexible Pavement
Authors: Sharma Navee , Tiwari Aditya
Published: November 2024

A strong road system is essential for a nation's economy to develop quickly since it connects outlying locations to the rest of the country for use in many types of transportation. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a suitable substitute for virgin material since it lessens the requirement for virgin material. In this investigation, sample of recovered asphalt pavement was gathered and examined to determine whether it would work well as flexible pavement. In this experimental study, bituminous concrete mixtures containing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% RAP material were the focus. These mixtures were made by scarifying bitumen like VG-30, fresh surface aggregate, and damaged existing asphalt paving without the addition of any additives. In this research, the RAP to new aggregate rates were 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40 . RAP mix was the subject of several laboratory tests, including the Marshall Mix design and many other Physical Properties tests, this paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the behavior of asphalt mixtures with varying proportions of RAP. Ultimately, guidelines derived from reference samples are proposed to facilitate the use of higher RAP proportions and determine the optimum value for modified samples.
Data evaluation of the corrosion resistance properties of selected stainless and alloy steels in dilute electrolytes
Authors: Okosun Emmanuel Ehinome , Folarin Samuel Oluwatimilehin , Oladipupo Segun , Loto Roland Tolulope
Published: November 2024

Comparison of the corrosion resistance of 304 austenitic stainless steel (304ST), Atlas F20S ferritic stainless steel (F20ST) and X77CrZn5 alloy steel (X77ST) was studied in 2 M H2SO4 solution at specific NaCl concentration. Corrosion resistance of 304ST varies with changes in NaCl concentration whereas the values observed for F20ST and X77ST were non-proportional. The alloys exhibit relative stability with respect to exposure time after few hours. Lower NaCl concentration results in higher corrosion rate for 304ST. The final corrosion rate values ranged from -0.029 mm/y at 0% NaCl to 0.261 mm/y at 3.25% NaCl. The values for F20ST andX77ST varied from -0.068 mm/y to 0.394 mm/y, and 2.406 mm/y to 0.348 mm/y. Without NaCl, 304ST exhibited the highest corrosion resistance at -0.029 mm/y compared to X77ST which exhibited the highest corrosion rate value of 2.406 mm/y. With NaCl 304ST has the highest average corrosion rate and X77ST has the lowest. Data from ANOVA analysis showed NaCl concentration is the dominant factor influencing the corrosion behaviour of the alloys at 99.74%, 99.08% and 97.05% compared to exposure time. The average corrosion rate values for 304ST varies slightly with respect to NaCl concentration compared to the values obtained for F20ST and X77ST signifying thermodynamic stability. The percentage of corrosion rate values for 304ST, F20ST and X77ST below 1 mm/y without and in the presence of NaCl concentration are 100%, 100% and 0%, and 76%,76% and 100%.
Comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance data of aluminium alloy 4032 and 4004, magnesium titanium alloy and aluminium vanadium alloy in dilute H2SO4, NaCl and acid chloride solutions
Authors: Olaolorun Ayomide , Ikhionose Igenuma Daniel , Ayobami Sonde David , Eberechukwu Emmanuel Achonwa , Afolami Fanifosi , Tobechukwu Okoroji , Morounfoluwa John , Okeniyi Joshua , Loto Roland Tolulope
Published: November 2024

Comparative study of the corrosion resistance of Al 4032, Al 4004, Mg-Ti and Al-V alloy were performed in H2SO4 solution, NaCl solution and H2SO4/NaCl solution for 480 h. Mg-Ti exhibited the highest corrosion rate values in H2SO4 solution, culminating at values between 0.242 mm/y and 6.081 mm/y compared to Al 4004 and Al 4032 which exhibited the lowest values. Corrosion rate of Al-V were generally stable but exhibited a parabolic behavior beyond 0.025 M H2SO4 concentration. In NaCl, Mg-Ti alloy exhibited the highest corrosion rate values culminating at values from 0.180 mm/y to 0.794 mm/y. Al 4004 and Al-V alloys exhibited the lowest corrosion rate values. The corrosion rate of Al 4032 was generally stable throughout the exposure hours. Admixture of H2SO4 and NaCl did not significantly influence the corrosion resistance of the alloys. ANOVA statistical data for Al 4032, Al 4004 and Al-V alloys in NaCl solution are statistically irrelevant with respect to corrosion resistance of the alloys compared to the value for Mg-Ti where electrolyte concentration is statistically relevant with statistical relevance factor of 96.94%. Electrolyte concentration is the only statistically relevant variation influencing the corrosion resistance for the alloys in H2SO4 with values of 98.44%, 97.66%, 94.96% and 98.38%. This was also observed in H2SO4/NaCl solution with corresponding values of 90.02%, 94.35%, 91.71% and 86.7%. The highest mean values for Al 4032, Mg-Ti, Al 4004 and Al-V alloys occurred at 0.05 M, 0.0125 M and 0.00625 M H2SO4 solutions. Mg-Ti exhibits the highest mean corrosion rate values of 5.93 mm/y while Al-V exhibits the lowest values -0.10 mm/y. The SD values were generally low. The mean corrosion rate values for Al 4032, Al 4004 and Al-V alloys in NaCl are significantly below 0 compared to Mg-Ti whose values are greater than 0 but relatively low.
Sustainable Ceramics: Creating Effective Key Performance Indicators for Industry Monitoring
Authors: Sharma Manni , Vani V. Divya , Helena Raj J. Vijilius , Dutt Amit , Kumar J. Sunil , Almusawi Muntather , Gupta Nakul , Goyal Rajesh
Published: November 2024

Sustainable development in the ceramic industry focuses on meeting present needs without compromising future resources. Key strategies include recycling waste, improving energy efficiency, and adopting green technologies. The materials used in creating ceramics, which are very abundant and renewable, are primarily sand or clay, unlike other materials such as real wood. This means that ceramic products are already environmentally friendly right from the start, before the manufacturing process commences. This study discusses environmentally sustainable recycled concrete, using ceramic waste as coarse aggregate in construction. It also discussed how the energy efficiency of buildings can be optimized through thermal energy storage and environmentally friendly materials. This also examined the analysis of Energy Management Systems (EMS) and how they can promote sustainability. The industry is changing with technological innovation using alkali- activated mortars, porous ceramics, and low-carbon technologies. In all their challenges of high energy consumption, green technologies and sustainable practices are crucial in lowering carbon footprints and promoting environmental responsibility. The focus has been made towards the various applications of the ceramic materials in different areas and the benefits associated with them. It can be concluded that the with better technological advancements and research on the design aspects, there is high scope of performance enhancement in the industrial areas.
Reviving Mud Craft: Learnings from the Indigenous Wisdom of Surface Finishes in Tribal Dwellings of Gujarat
Authors: Pal Supriya G.
Published: November 2024

Trailing a long history of mud architecture and construction, India is a living witness of its material existence and endurance. Generations have passed the indigenous wisdom of mud and its construction techniques rendering a very small aboriginal community still following them. India is a valuable resource of these mud craft practices. Gujarat is home to 28 registered and 8 primitive tribes. Responsive to their context, climate and architecture these vernacular dwellings are adorned with visually alluring patterns in mud finishes. These women practised craft has a unique insight to its application, method and usage. Research was carried out for three tribal communities – Dhodia, Rathwa and Kokani. On-site Interviews, activity mapping and documentation of application technique and finishes. Thematic Literature revealed information on observed patterns, colours and symbolism. With growing homogeneity and mass production the survival of these practices remains marginal. The pressing need to mitigate the effects of climate change, sustainable green materials have acquired considerable significance in recent years. With numerous benefits of mud - breathability, temperature and sound insulation, fire resistance, low cost and availability has spurred its revival. This locally sourced, De-carbonized natural material could change the course of the construction industry. The research methodically aims to document and aid the renaissance of eco-friendly mud finishes in contemporary landscape.
Examining the Flocs Rise Velocity of Electrocoagulation with Intensified Microbubbles
Authors: Tarmizi Tasnim , Niza Noorzalila Muhammad , Razak Norizham Abdul
Published: November 2024

The rising pollution from household and industrial waste has exacerbated the leachate issue, necessitating effective treatment methods like electrocoagulation (EC). The role of vibrated electrode plates (VEPs) is to enhance floc formation during EC that improve the interaction between pollutant particles and coagulant ions, leading to better floc formation. Flocs’ hydrodynamic performance can be evaluated by determining the mean rise velocity (RV) during the process. In the present study, the RV of flocs under different current intensity (CI) levels during EC employing VEPs and stationary electrode plates (SEPs) was investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results showed that, at CI=4.5A, the flocs’ RV during EC with VEPs was 12.77 mm/s compared to 8.65 mm/s with SEPs. Moreover, flocs had higher RV when CI was higher (4.5A); it varied from 0.74 mm/s at 0.5A to 8.65 mm/s during EC with SEPs. The changes in RV closely correlate with the introduction of an agitation mechanism that improves the ionic transfer between particles and bubbles in the wastewater solution.
Experimental investigation and optimization on COD removal efficiency in textile wastewater by solar-photovoltaic electrocoagulation technology
Authors: Karabulut Benan Yazici
Published: November 2024

Electrocoagulation is an attractive method for the many types of water and wastewaters treatments due to its advantages such as environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness, energy and high removal efficiency. The goal of this study was to investigate the COD removal rate and energy efficiency of COD parameter from real textile wastewater by solar energy assisted electrocoagulation process using aluminium and iron electrodes. In addition, process optimisation was performed by Monte Carlo Simulation and the relationship between the parameters was investigated by sensitivity analysis. At optimum reaction parameters, COD removal percentage reached 97.51% at aluminium electrode, while the highest removal percentage was 78.70% at iron electrode. The minimum energy consumption and cost for Al and Fe electrode were 1.2 kWh/m3 and 0.144 $/m3, respectively.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Bread Waste and Sewage Sludge for Methane Production
Authors: Ching Wong Yee , Johori Nur Zulaikha Hazwani binti , Hasan Hasan Abdellatif
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a lab-scale model for energy self-sufficiency via the promotion of the generation of sustainable renewable energy from bread waste and sewage sludge to biogas. Most of the garbage consisting of bread and sewage sludge is typically disposed of in landfills, which can result in substantial health and environmental problems due to the release of gaseous substances. As a result of this, the research endeavors to make use of sewage sludge and bread wastes as substrates to produce methane. A pH meter and a drying oven were used, respectively, to analyze each substrate’s pH level as well as its dry weight, total solids, and volatile solids content. A methane gas detector was used on each sample to check for the presence of methane. The recorded pH is within the optimal range as it is between 6.9 and 7.2 for the substrates, bread waste, and sewage sludge as well as both ratios of the mixtures before and after the anaerobic co-digestion process. Following three to four days of cultivation using the streaking and spread culture method on nutrient agar, the microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the bread waste and sewage sludge, respectively. The methane gas detector registered a value of 9999 ppm, which is 20% LEL.
Experimental study to analyze the effectiveness of reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates in asphalt mix design
Authors: Azhar Falak , Habib Noor Zainab
Published: November 2024

The addition of reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates (RAP) to hot-mix asphalt is a fast-growing potential solution towards the reduction of unfavorable environmental and economic effects of using virgin aggregates during pavement construction. Particularly within the United Arab Emirates, the process of using RAP in new pavement construction is still quite unpopular due to strict limitations and resulting performance concerns. This investigative study utilized RAP material that was obtained from a pavement site located in the city of Abu Dhabi. Following UAE specification guidelines, a 15% RAP inclusive blend was created to effectively explore how the presence of RAP can influence the HMA mix, by comparing the blend to a baseline mixture, which consisted of all natural aggregates with no RAP percentage. The tests that were performed on both samples were inclusive of maximum density, Marshall stability and flow, percentage voids in mineral aggregates, and percentage of voids filled with asphalt. The resultant data clearly indicated that RAP presence does not in any way cause a decline in the HMA mix properties in terms of Marshall properties. Nevertheless, it is still critical to carry out an analysis of the effects that a further increase in RAP percentage will have on an HMA mix, and to also carry out an investigative study regarding the economic benefits of utilizing RAP aggregates in pavement construction.
Dans les bronches, cils et mucus collaborent pour protéger nos voies aériennes
Authors: Loiseau Étienne , Viallat Annie
Published: November 2024

Les maladies respiratoires chroniques, telles que l’asthme, affectent plusieurs centaines de millions de personnes dans le monde et sont en constante croissance. Elles sont liées à la défaillance d’un mécanisme de protection des voies aériennes appelé « clairance mucociliaire ».

Afin de comprendre les mécanismes biophysiques sous-jacents à la clairance mucociliaire, nous avons reconstitué in vitro, à partir de cellules humaines, un épithélium bronchique. Cette approche nous a permis de montrer que le couplage hydrodynamique entre les cils et le mucus gouverne la dynamique collective des cils, elle-même responsable du transport du mucus à longue distance.
Implications des taux de retour énergétique pour la transition bas-carbone
Authors: Delannoy Louis , Longaretti Pierre-Yves , Prados Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

La conversion de l’énergie nécessite elle-même de l’énergie, une contrainte évaluée à travers le concept d’EROI (“Energy Return on Investment”). Différentes versions de cet indicateur sont couramment utilisées pour mesurer l’utilité comparative de vecteurs énergétiques et évaluer des scénarios de transition vers les énergies à faible teneur en carbone. L’absence de méthodologie formelle avant les années 2010 a conduit à de fréquents malentendus sur le calcul et les incidences de l’EROI, notamment en ce qui concerne la faisabilité de la transition.

Pour remédier à cette situation, nous résumons les points clés qui se rapprochent d’un consensus actuel autour de l’EROI et discutons de leurs implications vis-à-vis de la transition bas-carbone.
Das Gesundheitswesen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Ökonomie, Recht und Ethik
Authors: Stellpflug Martin
Published: November 2024

Ethik als ein Teilbereich der praktischen Philosophie beschäftigt sich mit der Bewertung menschlichen Handelns. In der Gesundheitsversorgung werden besonders hohe moralische Ansprüche an die Handelnden, die Behandler, gestellt. Das Recht versucht überwiegend, diese Ansprüche bei Ärzten und Psychotherapeuten durch viele Pflichten und das Gebot der Beachtung von Patientenrechten durchzusetzen. Ökonomische Zwänge führen demgegenüber dazu, dass innerhalb des Gesundheitssystems zum Teil abweichende Maßstäbe angesetzt werden. Dies führt zu Spannungen.
Fehlerquellen bei der Gestaltung ärztlicher Gesellschaftsverträge
Authors: Jaeger Berit , Meschke Andreas
Published: November 2024

Die Gestaltung von Gesellschaftsverträgen gehört in die Hände fachkundiger Berater. Eine regelmäßige Überprüfung ist obligat. Der Vertrag muss widerspruchsfrei die relevante Situation abbilden. Wichtige Angelpunkte sind z. B. die Vermeidung von Blockaden durch einzelne Gesellschafter, die Abstimmung zwischen Gesellschaftsvertrag und Mietvertrag, eine interessengerechte Ausscheidensregelung, das Bewusstsein über die Notwendigkeit zutreffender Kapitalkontenregelungen, durchdachte, an den Rechtsprechungsvorgaben orientierte Wettbewerbsverbotsklauseln und eventuell detaillierte sog. Sitzbindungsklauseln, damit die Gesellschaft dauerhaft mit der wirtschaftlich notwendigen Anzahl an Vertragsarztzulassungen geführt werden kann.
Fachkräftemangel und Kooperationen – ausgewählte Praxishilfen des Arbeits- und Sozialrechts
Authors: Lüderitz Martin , Rehborn Ulrich
Published: November 2024

Der Fachkräftemangel bereitet Praxen wie Krankenhäusern weiter große Schwierigkeiten.
Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen werden hier eher als Hindernisse gesehen
statt als Teil der Lösung. Doch es lohnt sich, einmal genauer hinzusehen, welche Chancen
Mehrfachbeschäftigung und andere Modelle zur „Teilung“ der zunehmend raren Fachkräfte
bieten. Auch Arbeitnehmer selbst aus- und fortzubilden gehört vielfach schon zum
Repertoire ärztlicher Arbeitgeber; nur sind sich viele der Risiken nicht bewusst, die
Rückzahlungsvereinbarungen bergen, die den gesetzlichen Anforderungen nicht gerecht
werden. Und natürlich gibt es immer wieder den Wunsch, vorhandene Lücken flexibel und
scheinbar zur Zufriedenheit aller durch Selbstständige zu füllen – bis es zum Streit
kommt und sich der vermeintliche Freelancer als Arbeitnehmer mit entsprechenden Folgen
entpuppt, u. a. Geltung des Kündigungsschutzes und Nachzahlung von
Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen. Sorgfältige Vertragsgestaltung und Prüfung im Vorfeld
durch Spezialisten vermeidet in all diesen Fällen unangenehme Überraschungen.
Regionale Versorgungssituation und -bedarfe von ehemals
SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten am Beispiel der Hansestadt Lübeck – Ergebnisse einer
Bevölkerungsbefragung
Authors: Rutsch Mercedes , Mischnik Alexander , Katalinic Alexander , Deck Ruth
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion kann zu über Monate anhaltenden
gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen führen, dem sogenannten Post-COVID-Syndrom
(PCS). Um das regionale Versorgungsgeschehen mit der akuten
COVID-19-Erkrankung/dem PCS, mögliche Krankheitsfolgen und die aktuelle
Bedarfslage besser zu verstehen und beurteilen zu können, wurde eine Befragung
der Bevölkerung in der Hansestadt Lübeck durchgeführt. Weiterhin sollten im
Rahmen der Befragung die Verteilung von PCS und die Krankheitslast in der
Stichprobe untersucht werden.

Methodik Querschnitterhebung zwischen September und November 2023 in der
Hansestadt Lübeck mittels Online-Befragung. Eingeschlossen wurden Personen über
18 Jahre, die im Einwohnermeldeamt Lübeck registriert sind und in der
Vergangenheit mindestens einmal mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert waren. Es wurden die
Anzahl der SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen, das letztmalige Krankheitsgeschehen,
Impfungen und die in Anspruch genommenen medizinischen Leistungen erfragt.
Darüber hinaus wurden Lebensqualität, Teilhabestörungen, Komorbidität und
soziodemographische Daten erfasst. Das Vorliegen eines PCS wurde mittels
Selbsteinschätzung (ja/nein) und einer symptombasierten Skala (PCS Score)
erhoben. Ferner wurden Behandlungswünsche erfragt.

Ergebnisse Nach Prüfung der Einschlusskriterien lagen von 619 Personen
Fragebogendaten vor. 66,2% der Befragten waren weiblich und das
Durchschnittsalter lag bei 47 Jahren. Die meisten Personen waren in den Jahren
2022/23 letztmalig an SARS-CoV-2 erkrankt. 54% (N=332) der Befragten glaubten,
am PCS zu leiden und berichteten mehr Symptome (6 vs. 2; p<0,01), höhere
Teilhabeeinschränkungen (39,9 vs. 7,2; p<0,01) und eine schlechtere
Lebensqualität (45 vs. 70; p<0,01) als Personen die angaben, nicht vom PCS
betroffen zu sein. Medizinische Leistungen im Zusammenhang mit der
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion/dem PCS wurden statistisch signifikant häufiger von
Personen mit PCS in Anspruch genommen. Allerdings waren lediglich 2,4% der
PCS-Betroffenen mit ihrer aktuellen Versorgungssituation zufrieden. Dabei wurden
verschiedene Wünsche geäußert, wie eine bessere Informiertheit unter den
Behandelnden (70%) oder eine Homepage mit regionalen Angeboten für
PCS-Betroffene (67%).

Schlussfolgerungen PCS-Betroffene berichteten eine hohe Krankheitslast und
waren zum Befragungszeitpunkt von diversen Symptomen betroffen. Das Maß an
Einschränkungen vor dem Hintergrund der geäußerten Versorgungswünsche lassen
vermuten, dass seitens der Betroffenen die medizinische und therapeutische
Versorgung optimiert sowie die Sensibilisierung und Vernetzung unter den
Behandelnden gestärkt werden sollte.
Risk factors for and molecular pathology characteristics of systemic metastasis of adult cerebral glioblastoma: A pooled individual patient data analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zeng Lingcheng , yang hongkuan , li hua , chen rudong , Chen Jian , yu jiasheng
Published: November 2024

Object The risk factors for and molecular mechanisms of systemic metastasis of cerebral glioblastoma (GBM) remain to be evaluated.
Patients and Methods Literature about adult GBM patients with systemic metastasis published before December 31, 2022, was searched in "PubMed" and "Web of Science," and the patients’ clinical data were collected and compared with those of patients without metastasis to evaluate the risk factors. The molecular pathology results were summarized to evaluate the mechanism.
Results One hundred forty-seven patients with metastasis in 113 papers published from 1928 to 2022 were included. Two hundred forty-nine patients without metastasis who underwent surgery in our department in 2017 were included. Comparison of the two groups showed that age ≤ 40 years was significantly correlated with metastasis (HR: 2.086, 95% CI: 1.124-3.871, P=0.020) and better overall survival (HR: 1.493, 95% CI: 1.067-2.083, P=0.019). Molecular pathology results were reported in 39 cases (39/147, 26.5%). The genetic results showed obvious heterogeneity. According to the frequency and positive ratio, IDH-wild type (positive rate 27/30), TERT promoter mutation (11/13), PTEN mutation (10/11), TP53 mutation (10/13) and RB1 mutation (8/9) were common gene changes.
Conclusion In young adult GBM patients, especially those ≤ 40 years of age with long survival, attention should be given to the development of systemic metastases. Metastasis can be the result of multiclonal gene mutations, in which proliferation- and invasion-related gene changes, such as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene mutations and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes, may play an important role in metastasis.