bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
300 million years apart: the extreme case of macromorphological skeletal convergence between deltocyathids and a turbinoliid coral (Anthozoa, Scleractinia)
Authors: Vaga C. F. , Seiblitz I. G. L. , Stolarski J. , Capel K. C. C. , Quattrini A. M. , Cairns S. D. , Huang D. , Quek R. Z. B. , Kitahara M. V.
Published: April 2024

The integration of morphological and molecular lines of evidence has enabled the family Deltocyathidae to be erected to accommodate Deltocyathus species that were previously ascribed to the family Caryophylliidae. However, although displaying the same morphological characteristics as other species of Deltocyathus, molecular data suggested that D. magnificus was phylogenetically distant from Deltocyathidae, falling within the family Turbinoliidae instead. To elucidate the enigmatic evolutionary history of this species and skeletal microstructural features, the phylogenetic relationships of Deltocyathidae and Turbinoliidae were investigated using nuclear ultraconserved and exon loci and complete mitochondrial genomes. Both nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomic reconstructions confirmed the position of D. magnificus within turbinolids. Furthermore, a novel mitochondrial gene order was uncovered for Deltocyathidae species. This gene order was not present in Turbinoliidae or in D. magnificus that both have the scleractinian canonical gene order, further indicating the taxonomic utility of mitochondrial gene order. D. magnificus is therefore formally moved to the family Turbinoliidae and accommodated in a new genus (Dennantotrochus Kitahara, Vaga & Stolarski, gen. nov.). Surprisingly, turbinolids and deltocyathids do not differ in microstructural organisation of the skeleton that consists of densely packed, individualised rapid accretion deposits and thickening deposits composed of fibres perpendicular to the skeleton surface. Therefore, although both families are clearly evolutionarily divergent, macromorphological features indicate a case of skeletal convergence while these may still share conservative biomineralisation mechanisms. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F1C0E25-3CC6-4D1F-B1F0-CD9D0014678E
More trees and fewer roads: the importance of local and landscape features for insectivorous bats in open urban green spaces
Authors: Callas M. , Lumsden L. F. , Rendall A. R. , Yokochi K.
Published: April 2024

Context Urbanisation poses new challenges for wildlife worldwide, and recent research suggests that urban parks, although highly modified, may act as important refuges. Insectivorous bats can persist in urban landscapes and play an important role in keeping insect populations in balance. Previous research on use of urban landscapes by these bats has often focused on patches of remnant bushland within cities, but their use of highly modified open spaces is not well understood. Aims We aimed to determine the use of open green spaces (e.g. open parks, sports ovals) by insectivorous bats in Melbourne, Australia and to identify landscape factors that influence their presence and activity level. Methods We conducted passive acoustic surveys at 35 sites across greater Melbourne. Once species were identified from the echolocation call data, we modelled species richness, total activity and activity of individual species against landscape and weather variables, using Generalised Linear Mixed Models and Generalised Additive Mixed Models. Key results Across 557 detector nights, we identified at least 11 of the 17 species recorded to occur in Melbourne. Both species richness and activity were greater in areas with more nearby trees and lesser in areas with more roads. There were weaker species-specific relationships between bat activity and both distance to the nearest water source and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Species richness and activity levels were lower on nights with a lower temperature at dusk, higher rainfall and stronger wind. Conclusions Our results show that multiple bat species consistently use Melbourne’s open green spaces, highlighting the potential habitat value of these areas, especially those surrounded by high tree densities and fewer roads. Implications Insectivorous bats play important roles within ecosystems and bring benefits to human society. To encourage the diversity and activity of insectivorous bats in urban landscapes, we recommend retaining and increasing indigenous vegetation surrounding open areas in urban parks, as well as more strategic planning of new urban parks that further increases tree density in cities.
Evaluating translocation strategies for box turtles in urbanising landscapes
Authors: Hays Elizabeth D. , Royal Ethan J. , Hollender Ethan C. , Willson John D.
Published: April 2024

Context Translocation is a common management strategy for wildlife populations, yet hard-release of reptiles, including box turtles (Terrapene spp.), has often proven ineffective due to homing attempts and wandering. Soft-release translocation has been presented as a possible method for mitigation of the negative effects of hard-release translocation, but studies incorporating standard soft-release strategies have produced mixed results and often see persistent homing attempts by soft-released study animals. Aims The aim of this study was to examine long-term holding (>1 year) of box turtles at an off-site location prior to translocation as a means to reduce homing attempts and wandering commonly observed in immediate-release box turtles. Methods We radiotracked translocated Terrapene carolina triunguis to compare movements of nine immediate-release box turtles and nine box turtles that had been maintained for >1 year at a nearby off-site holding facility (long-term holding) prior to a 750–1000 m translocation. Key results Box turtles held long-term before a short-distance translocation moved significantly shorter distances each day post-release than immediate-release turtles. Turtles held long-term moved in non-directional, random orientations, whereas immediate-release turtles exhibited consistent directionality in movements back towards their initial capture (home) locations. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that turtles held off-site remained within the translocation site more reliably than the immediate-release turtles, which had a higher tendency to home. Implications Long-term holding of turtles prior to translocation could significantly reduce homing responses and wandering, thus increasing translocation efficacy while reducing intensity of post-translocation management.
Enhancing strategic deployment of baiting transects for invasive species control – a case study for feral pig baiting in north-eastern Australia
Authors: Wilson Cameron , Gentle Matthew , Marshall Darren
Published: April 2024

Context Baits are used to deliver lethal or other substances in wildlife management programs across the globe. Successful baiting campaigns are contingent upon the availability of baits to target animals. Bait density is often increased in an attempt to improve bait encounter probabilities. However, this comes with a concomitant increase in cost and may result in significant bait wastage if deployed in areas of low target species activity. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness, efficiency and cost of different bait transect methods in intersecting home and core ranges of feral pigs as a case study to determine optimal spacing and placement of baiting transects. Methods The authors simulated a variety of systematically spaced aerial transects, watercourse-aligned aerial transects and ground transects along property boundaries and farm tracks, and compared them with home and core ranges of feral pigs, at two study sites in Queensland, Australia. Transect effectiveness at intersecting pig ranges was determined through beta-regression and estimated marginal means (emmeans); efficiency was considered as emmeans per unit of transect length. Key results The study found that systematically spaced aerial transects at 4 km intervals were the most efficient means of intersecting both home and core ranges of feral pigs. Additionally, no alternate transect method, either aerial or ground, provided significantly greater effectiveness at intersecting feral pig home and core ranges at these study sites. Ground transects along farm tracks and property boundaries were also between 113% and 192% more expensive than aerial transects at 4 km spaced intervals for either fixed-wing or rotary aircraft. Conclusion Systematically spaced aerial transects at 4 km intervals are among the most effective and are the most efficient means of intersecting feral pig ranges at the study sites examined. Implications Our methodology offers a blueprint for both vaccination and toxin baiting programs to assess and compare bait transect placements. More specifically for feral pig control, aerial transects with 4 km systematic spacing provide an effective and efficient means for intersecting feral pig ranges. Furthermore, additional data on bait encounter and interaction probabilities are required to determine transect effectiveness at bait uptake by the target species.
Unveil the origin of voltage oscillation for sodium-ion batteries operating at −40 °C
Authors: Que Lanfang , Yu Fuda , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang , Feng Yutong , Zhao Ruizheng , Sun Zhihao , Yang Zhuo , Luo Hao , Chao Dongliang
Published: April 2024

Voltage oscillation at subzero in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has been a common but overlooked scenario, almost yet to be understood. For example, the phenomenon seriously deteriorates the performance of Na
3
V
2
(PO
4
)
3
(NVP) cathode in PC (propylene carbonate)/EC (ethylene carbonate)-based electrolyte at −20 °C. Here, the correlation between voltage oscillation, structural evolution, and electrolytes has been revealed based on theoretical calculations, in-/ex-situ techniques, and cross-experiments. It is found that the local phase transition of the Na
3
V
2
(PO
4
)
3
(NVP) cathode in PC/EC-based electrolyte at −20 °C should be responsible for the oscillatory phenomenon. Furthermore, the low exchange current density originating from the high desolvation energy barrier in NVP-PC/EC system also aggravates the local phase transformation, resulting in severe voltage oscillation. By introducing the diglyme solvent with lower Na-solvent binding energy, the voltage oscillation of the NVP can be eliminated effectively at subzero. As a result, the high capacity retentions of 98.3% at −20 °C and 75.3% at −40 °C are achieved. The finding provides insight into the abnormal SIBs degradation and brings the voltage oscillation behavior of rechargeable batteries into the limelight.
Identification of an active RNAi pathway in
Candida albicans
Authors: Iracane Elise , Arias-Sardá Cristina , Maufrais Corinne , Ene Iuliana V. , d’Enfert Christophe , Buscaino Alessia
Published: April 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a fundamental regulatory pathway with a wide range of functions, including regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. Although RNAi is widespread in the fungal kingdom, well-known species, such as the model yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, have lost the RNAi pathway. Until now evidence has been lacking for a fully functional RNAi pathway in
Candida albicans
, a human fungal pathogen considered critically important by the World Health Organization. Here, we demonstrated that the widely used
C. albicans
reference strain (SC5314) contains an inactivating missense mutation in the gene encoding for the central RNAi component Argonaute. In contrast, most other
C. albicans
isolates contain a canonical Argonaute protein predicted to be functional and RNAi-active. Indeed, using high-throughput small and long RNA sequencing combined with seamless CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, we demonstrate that an active
C. albicans
RNAi machinery represses expression of subtelomeric gene families. Thus, an intact and functional RNAi pathway exists in
C. albicans
, highlighting the importance of using multiple reference strains when studying this dangerous pathogen.
Milestoning estimators of dissipation in systems observed at a coarse resolution
Authors: Blom Kristian , Song Kevin , Vouga Etienne , Godec Aljaž , Makarov Dmitrii E.
Published: April 2024

Many nonequilibrium, active processes are observed at a coarse-grained level, where different microscopic configurations are projected onto the same observable state. Such “lumped” observables display memory, and in many cases, the irreversible character of the underlying microscopic dynamics becomes blurred, e.g., when the projection hides dissipative cycles. As a result, the observations appear less irreversible, and it is very challenging to infer the degree of broken time-reversal symmetry. Here we show, contrary to intuition, that by ignoring parts of the already coarse-grained state space we may—via a process called milestoning—improve entropy-production estimates. We present diverse examples where milestoning systematically renders observations “closer to underlying microscopic dynamics” and thereby improves thermodynamic inference from lumped data assuming a given range of memory, and we hypothesize that this effect is quite general. Moreover, whereas the correct general physical definition of time reversal in the presence of memory remains unknown, we here show by means of physically relevant examples that at least for semi-Markov processes of first and second order, waiting-time contributions arising from adopting a naive Markovian definition of time reversal generally must be discarded.
A user-friendly corpus tool for disciplinary data-driven learning
Authors: Crosthwaite Peter , Baisa Vít
Published: April 2024

Most corpus tools commonly used for corpus-based data-driven learning (DDL) are designed for research rather than
teaching purposes, with much DDL research suggesting learners and their teachers often stop DDL after initial training due to
tool-related issues like complex user interfaces and system settings. Based on feedback from secondary-age language learners and
their teachers in the Australian context, we present CorpusMate (https://corpusmate.com), a new, user-friendly corpus tool that incorporates several publicly available written and
spoken corpora across 20 disciplinary subjects. It offers a range of flexible concordancing, n-gram and data visualisation options
to ensure a fast, smooth and simple DDL experience for end users.
Trauma Informed Organisational Consultancy and Staff Supervision in Forensic Services
Authors: Davies Jason , Jones Lawrence
Published: April 2024

Forensic mental health, custodial and community forensic services provide care and treatment to individuals with complex histories and needs including the presence of trauma. With increased attention being paid to delivering trauma informed care, this paper presents a framework for supporting safe and effective service delivery. It details ways in which trauma informed organizational consultation and trauma informed staff supervision and reflective practice should be embedded within criminal justice and forensic mental health service delivery. Together these support reflection, learning, decision making and intentional action, helping to meet an organization’s duty of care to both staff and clients. Trauma informed organizational consultation and trauma informed forensic staff supervision and reflective practice provide ways to anticipate and address possible iatrogenic impacts on staff (e.g. burnout, presenteeism and sickness) and on clients (e.g. dropping out of treatment). Together these can enable services to provide and sustain authentic approaches to delivering safe and effective care.
Viable mutations of mouse midnolin suppress B cell malignancies
Authors: Zhong Xue , Peddada Nagesh , Moresco James J. , Wang Jianhui , Jiang Yiao , Rios Jonathan J. , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Choi Jin Huk , Beutler Bruce
Published: April 2024

In a genetic screen, we identified two viable missense alleles of the essential gene Midnolin (Midn) that were associated with reductions in peripheral B cells. Causation was confirmed in mice with targeted deletion of four of six MIDN protein isoforms. MIDN was expressed predominantly in lymphocytes where it augmented proteasome activity. We showed that purified MIDN directly stimulated 26S proteasome activity in vitro in a manner dependent on the ubiquitin-like domain and a C-terminal region. MIDN-deficient B cells displayed aberrant activation of the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway of the unfolded protein response. Partial or complete MIDN deficiency strongly suppressed Eμ-Myc–driven B cell leukemia and the antiapoptotic effects of Eμ-BCL2 on B cells in vivo and induced death of Sp2/0 hybridoma cells in vitro, but only partially impaired normal lymphocyte development. Thus, MIDN is required for proteasome activity in support of normal lymphopoiesis and is essential for malignant B cell proliferation over a broad range of differentiation states.
Magnetism and Superconductivity in the t–J Model of La3Ni2O7 Under Multiband Gutzwiller Approximation
Authors: Xue 薛 Jie-Ran 洁然 , Wang 王 Fa 垡
Published: April 2024

The recent discovery of possible high temperature superconductivity in single crystals of La3Ni2O7 under pressure renews the interest in research on nickelates. The density functional theory calculations reveal that both d

z
2
and d

x
2–y
2
orbitals are active, which suggests a minimal two-orbital model to capture the low-energy physics of this system. In this work, we study a bilayer two-orbital t–J model within multiband Gutzwiller approximation, and discuss the magnetism as well as the superconductivity over a wide range of the hole doping. Owing to the inter-orbital super-exchange process between d

z
2
and d

x
2–y
2
orbitals, the induced ferromagnetic coupling within layers competes with the conventional antiferromagnetic coupling, and leads to complicated hole doping dependence for the magnetic properties in the system. With increasing hole doping, the system transfers to A-type antiferromagnetic state from the starting G-type antiferromagnetic (G-AFM) state. We also find the inter-layer superconducting pairing of d

x
2–y
2
orbitals dominates due to the large hopping parameter of d

z
2
along the vertical inter-layer bonds and significant Hund’s coupling between d

z
2
and d

x
2–y
2
orbitals. Meanwhile, the G-AFM state and superconductivity state can coexist in the low hole doping regime. To take account of the pressure, we also analyze the impacts of inter-layer hopping amplitude on the system properties.
Worldline path integrals for the graviton
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Damia Paciarini Mattia
Published: April 2024

We present an extension to arbitrary dimensions of a worldline path integral approach to one-loop quantum gravity, which was previously formulated in four spacetime dimensions. By utilizing this method, we recalculate gauge invariant coefficients related to the UV divergences of quantum gravity. These gauge invariant coefficients were previously obtained in arbitrary dimensions through two alternative techniques: the quantization of the

N

=
4

spinning particle that propagates the graviton on Einstein spaces and the more conventional heat kernel approach. Our worldline path integrals are closer to the latter method and are employed to compute the trace of the heat kernel.
Bayesian model error method for the passive inverse scattering problem
Authors: Yin Yunwen , Yan Liang
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on the passive inverse scattering problem, which uses passive measurements corresponding to randomly distributed incident sources to recover the shape of the sound-soft obstacle from a Bayesian perspective. Due to the unpredictability and randomness of incident sources, the classical Bayesian inversion framework may be unable to capture the likelihood involving the passive forward model for this inverse problem. We present the Bayesian model error method (BMEM), a novel passive imaging technique, to overcome this difficulty. The cross-correlations and the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff identity are specifically used to build an approximate active scattering model. This approximate model and the model error that it produces can be combined effectively by the suggested BMEM. The well-posedness of the posterior measure in the BMEM is proved. To further estimate the model error, an online scheme is utilized in conjunction with a preconditioned Crank–Nicolson Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to numerically approximate the posterior. Numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and also show that the online evaluation of model error can significantly improve reconstruction accuracy.
Dipolar focusing in laser-assisted positronium formation
Authors: Ambalampitiya H B , Matfunjwa M K , Fabrikant I I
Published: April 2024

We consider positronium formation in collisions of positrons with excited hydrogen atoms H(n) in an infrared laser field theoretically. This process is assisted by the dipolar focusing effect: a positron moving in a superposition of a laser field and the dipolar field can approach the atomic target even if its trajectory starts with a very large impact parameter, leading to a significant enhancement of the Ps formation cross section. The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, which is justified for

n
⩾
3

, allows efficient calculation of this enhancement. A similar effect can occur in collisions of positrons with other atoms in excited states, which can lead to improvements in the efficiency of positronium formation.
Ultra-ventilated sound absorption metamaterial lamina
Authors: Wu Chaolin , Yuan Xiaonan , Ye Yangsong , Wang Li , Li Haitao , Gao Cong , Huang Yingzhou , Wu Xiaoxiao
Published: April 2024

We propose a lamina-shaped metamaterial absorber based on the coherently coupled weak resonances of high-order Helmholtz resonators in this work. Such an ultra-thin lamina metamaterial can achieve broadband tunable absorption (maximal absorption >0.9), which exhibits near-perfect ventilation performance (ventilated area ratio >0.8, ratio of wind velocity >0.95). Benefiting from coherently coupled weak resonances between units with different structure parameters, the lamina metamaterial presents a broadband absorption (506–659 Hz with 2 × 3 units and 480–679 Hz with 2 × 4 units). The ultra-thin and simple structure shape of this sound absorption metamaterial lamina leads to not only an efficient ventilation performance but also high potential value in various scenarios of ventilated sound absorption, especially in ventilation tubes with high noise.
An interpretable RUL prediction method of aircraft engines under complex operating conditions using spatio-temporal features
Authors: Gao Jiahao , Wang Youren , Sun Zejin
Published: April 2024

Long short-term memory (LSTM) based prediction methods have achieved remarkable achievements in remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for aircraft engines. However, their prediction performance and interpretability are unsatisfactory under complex operating conditions. For aircraft engines with high hazard levels, it is important to ensure the interpretability of the models while maintaining excellent prediction accuracy. To address these issues, an interpretable RUL prediction method of aircraft engines under complex operating conditions using spatio-temporal features (STFs), referred to as iSTLSTM, is proposed in this paper. First, we develop a feature extraction framework called Bi-ConvLSTM1D. This framework can effectively capture the spatial and temporal dependencies of sensor measurements, significantly enhancing the feature extraction capabilities of LSTM. Then, an interpretation module for STFs based on a hybrid attention mechanism is designed to quantitatively assess the contribution of STFs and output interpretable RUL predictions. The effectiveness of iSTLSTM is evidenced by extensive experiments on the C-MAPSS and N-CMAPSS datasets, confirming the superiority and reliability of our method for aircraft engine RUL prediction.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on angular domain resampling, relative position matrix and transfer learning
Authors: Zhang Xun , Xu Guanghua , Chen Xiaobi , Chen Ruiquan , Xie Jieren , Tian Peiyuan , Zhang Sicong , Wu Qingqiang
Published: April 2024

Bearings are key components in mechanical equipment, which are widely used in various fields such as automobiles and airplanes. Aiming at the analysis of vibration signal processing under the variable speed condition of bearings, this paper proposes a new bearing fault diagnosis method, which firstly resamples the vibration signals in the angular domain, and then converts the resampled signals into images by the relative position matrix method, and finally uses the transfer learning to automatically extract the features and classify them. To verify the effectiveness of the method, it is tested on the Case Western Reserve University bearing fault dataset and University of Ottawa bearing fault dataset respectively. Compared with other time series to image methods (Recurrence Plot, etc) and other pre-trained models (GoogLeNet, etc), the proposed method has some advantages in terms of accuracy, image generation time, training time, and testing time. The accuracy of the proposed method in this paper reaches more than 90%, which suggests its potential effectiveness in the classification of bearing faults under variable speed working conditions.
A lightweight white blood cells detection network based on CenterNet and feature fusion modules
Authors: Wu Lianghong , Zou Yujie , Zuo Cili , Chen Liang , Zhou Bowen , Zhang Hongqiang
Published: April 2024

White blood cells (WBCs) detection is significant to the diagnosis of many diseases. However, the detection accuracy can be influenced by the significant differences in color, size and morphology of WBCs in the images. In this paper, an improved CenterNet with smaller model size, fewer parameters, and lower computational complexity is proposed for the WBCs accurate detection. Firstly, the lightweight backbone GhostNetv2 is selected to reduce the model size, parameters and computational complexity of the network. Then, a feature pyramid network with the efficient channel attention (ECA) attention mechanism and the multi-scale feature extraction modules is constructed to enhance the capability of feature extraction and focus more on WBCs. Finally, the heatmap loss function is modified by proposing an improved mean squared error loss function to enhance the fitting ability between the predicted values and the ground truth of the heatmap. Experimental results show that the model size of the proposed lightweight CenterNet is only 19.9 MB, and the mAP.5 is 97.36%. The model size is reduced by 84% while the mAP.5 and FPS are increased by 0.7% and 10.4 compared to the original CenterNet. Moreover, the detection accuracy of the proposed lightweight CenterNet is comparable to the existing mainstream networks and its detection performance on different datasets is good, while the model size, parameters and computational complexity of the network is significantly reduced, and can be used for WBCs detection effectively.
Entropic transfer operators
Authors: Junge Oliver , Matthes Daniel , Schmitzer Bernhard
Published: April 2024

We propose a new concept for the regularization and discretization of transfer and Koopman operators in dynamical systems. Our approach is based on the entropically regularized optimal transport between two probability measures. In particular, we use optimal transport plans in order to construct a finite-dimensional approximation of some transfer or Koopman operator which can be analyzed computationally. We prove that the spectrum of the discretized operator converges to the one of the regularized original operator, give a detailed analysis of the relation between the discretized and the original peripheral spectrum for a rotation map on the n-torus and provide code for three numerical experiments, including one based on the raw trajectory data of a small biomolecule from which its dominant conformations are recovered.
On the upper bound of non-thermal fusion reactivity with fixed total energy
Authors: Xie Huasheng , Wang Xueyun
Published: April 2024

Fusion reactivity represents the integration of fusion cross-sections and the velocity distributions of two reactants. In this study, we investigate the upper bound of fusion reactivity for a non-thermal reactant coexisting with a thermal Maxwellian background reactant while maintaining a constant total energy. Our optimization approach involves fine-tuning the velocity distribution of the non-thermal reactant. We employ both Lagrange multiplier and Monte Carlo methods to analyze Deuterium–Tritium (D–T) and proton-Boron11 (p-B11) fusion scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that, within the relevant range of fusion energy, the maximum fusion reactivity can often surpass that of the conventional Maxwellian–Maxwellian reactants case by a substantial margin, ranging from 50% to 300%. These enhancements are accompanied by distinctive distribution functions for the non-thermal reactant, characterized by one or multiple beams. These results not only establish an upper limit for fusion reactivity but also provide valuable insights into augmenting fusion reactivity through non-thermal fusion, which holds particular significance in the realm of fusion energy research.
Electrically controlled crossed Andreev reflection in altermagnet/superconductor/altermagnet junctions
Authors: Ping Niu Zhi , Mei Zhang Yong
Published: April 2024

Altermagnets are a novel class of magnetic materials with a significant non-relativistic spin splitting band structure but zero net macroscopic magnetization. We here investigate the interplay between altermagnetism and superconductivity and how the band structures of the altermagnet affect nonlocal transport across altermagnet/superconductor/altermagnet junctions. The two types of spin-momentum coupling: anisotropic and valley-dependent spin-momentum couplings are considered. The pure crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) can be observed by tuning the chemical potential and a switch effect between pure CAR and pure electron elastic cotunneling (EC) can be realized by reversing the Néel vector of the right altermagnet. For the anisotropic spin-momentum coupling, increasing the altermagnetism strength decreases the amplitude of EC while increases that of CAR. Furthermore, a switch between pure EC and pure CAR is predicted for the Néel vectors of the altermagnets in the parallel configuration for the valley-dependent spin-momentum coupling by tuning the on-site energy.
Experimental AC loss study on REBCO coil assemblies coupled with an iron cylinder
Authors: Wu Yue , Fang Jin , Miyagi Daisuke , Amemiya Naoyuki , Badcock Rodney A , Long Nicholas J , Jiang Zhenan
Published: April 2024

In high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices, the presence of iron cores changes the magnetic field profile around the HTS coil windings, potentially affecting their AC loss characteristics. AC loss measurements for HTS coil windings coupled with an iron core using the electrical method can lead to a significant error, owing to the indirect estimation of the iron core loss through using a copper test coil. To investigate the cause of the experimental error and the influence of an iron core on coil AC losses, transport AC losses of REBCO double pancake coil (DPC) assemblies coupled with an iron cylinder were measured. A 40-turn 1DPC and an 80-turn 2DPC assembly wound with 4 mm SuperPower wire were employed in the measurements. To ensure the same iron core loss using the HTS coil assembly and the copper coil, 2D finite element method simulations were conducted iteratively to design the iron core and the copper coil to get the same local magnetic field distributions in the designed iron core for the two cases. The main cause of the error is due to the difference in local magnetic flux densities in the iron core generated by the HTS coil assembly and the copper coil even when the ampere-turns of the coils are identical. We showed that the simulation-guided measurement method can assure accurate AC loss measurement in the HTS coil assemblies coupled with iron cores. Compared with the AC losses in the 1DPC and 2DPC coil assemblies without the iron cylinder, the presence of the iron cylinder significantly increases the coil losses. Frequency dependence is observed in the coil AC losses of the 1DPC and 2DPC assemblies when coupled with the iron cylinder. This is due to the eddy current induced in the iron cylinder generating a magnetic field, which influences the coil AC loss.
An open-source 3D FE quench simulation tool for no-insulation HTS pancake coils
Authors: Atalay Sina , Schnaubelt Erik , Wozniak Mariusz , Dular Julien , Zachou Georgia , Schöps Sebastian , Verweij Arjan
Published: April 2024

A new module, Pancake3D, of the open-source finite element quench simulator (FiQuS) has been developed in order to perform transient simulations of no-insulation (NI) high-temperature superconducting pancake coils in three-dimensions. FiQuS/Pancake3D can perform magnetodynamic or coupled magneto-thermal simulations. Thanks to the use of thin shell approximations, an

H
→

−
ϕ

formulation, and anisotropic homogenization techniques, each turn can be resolved on the mesh level in an efficient and robust manner. FiQuS/Pancake3D relies on pre-formulated finite-element (FE) formulations and numerical approaches that are programmatically adjusted based on a text input file. In this paper, the functionalities and capabilities of FiQuS/Pancake3D are presented. The challenges of FE simulation of NI coils and how FiQuS/Pancake3D addresses them are explained. To highlight the functionalities, the results of a magneto-thermal analysis of a double pancake coil with 40 turns per pancake with local degradation of the critical current density are conducted and discussed. Furthermore, a parameter sweep of the size of this local degradation is presented. All FiQuS input files for reproducing the simulations are provided.
Numerical study on the transport current distribution in the multi-layer CORC coil
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Wenchao , Li Quan , Li Bin , Xin Ying , Yang Jiabin
Published: April 2024

The conductor on round core (CORC) cable has attracted increasing attention due to its strong and high-efficient current carrying capacity. It is considered as one of ideal candidate cables for manufacturing nuclear fusion magncets. Under the circumstance, the transport current distribution of the coils wound by CORC cables has significant impacts on the operating performance of nuclear fusion magnets. Considering the difficulty in experimental tests, numerical model is an effective way to illustrate transport current distribution of the multi-layer CORC coil and provide further insights into its working performance. Therefore, in this work, A 3D finite element model based on the
H
formulation is proposed to simulate a single-turn and multi-layer CORC coil. The validity of the model has been verified by experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the transport current distribution of the multi-layer straight CORC cable and the multi-layer CORC coil is compared and discussed. In addition, the current density distribution on the superconducting tapes of the multi-layer CORC coil is also investigated. This work can provide an important reference for the design and practical application of multi-layer CORC coils.
Competition between self- and other-regarding preferences in resolving social dilemmas
Authors: Wang Chaoqian , Szolnoki Attila
Published: April 2024

Evolutionary game theory assumes that individuals maximize their benefits when choosing strategies. However, an alternative perspective proposes that individuals seek to maximize the benefits of others. To explore the relationship between these perspectives, we develop a model where self- and other-regarding preferences compete in public goods games. We find that other-regarding preferences are more effective in promoting cooperation, even when self-regarding preferences are more productive. Cooperators with different preferences can coexist in a new phase where two classic solutions invade each other, resulting in a dynamical equilibrium. As a consequence, a lower productivity of self-regarding cooperation can provide a higher cooperation level. Our results, which are also valid in a well-mixed population, may explain why other-regarding preferences could be a viable and frequently observed attitude in human society.
Basic and acidic electrolyte mediums impact on MnO2-Mn2O3/Poly-2-methylaniline hexagonal nanocomposite pseudo-supercapacitor
Authors: Alkallas Fatemah H , Esayed Asmaa M , Ben Gouider Trabelsi Amira , Rabia Mohamed
Published: April 2024

A highly efficient MnO2-Mn2O3/Poly-2-methylaniline (MnO2-Mn2O3/P2MA) hexagonal nanocomposite is synthesized using a one-pot technique involving oxidation polymerization. The hexagonal morphology and crystalline nature of this nanocomposite, as evidenced by the XRD pattern, affirm its exceptional characteristics. The electrical properties are assessed through charge/discharge behavior and cyclic voltammetry curves, elucidating the storage capabilities of this pseudo supercapacitor using different electrolytes NaOH and HCl. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibits impressive efficiency values of 22 F g−1 in a basic medium and a notably higher 72 F g−1 in an acidic medium at a current density of 0.2 A/g. Similarly, the power density values are calculated at 480 and 478 W.kg−1 for the basic and acidic electrolyte, correspondingly. In the basic medium, the series resistance (RS) and charge transfer resistance (RCT) are 5.2 and 0.7 Ω, respectively. In the acidic medium, these values are notably lower, with RS at 2.82 Ω and RCT at 0.2 Ω. Remarkably, even after 500 cycles, the supercapacitor stability remains high at 95% in both media, underscoring the enduring stability attributed to the oxides and polymer materials within the supercapacitor. The combination of cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and potential for mass production positions this supercapacitor as a promising candidate for industrial applications of polymer-based supercapacitors.
Prepotential approach: a unified approach to exactly, quasi-exactly, and rationally extended solvable quantal systems
Authors: Ho Choon-Lin
Published: April 2024

We give a brief overview of a simple and unified way, called the prepotential approach, to treat both exact and quasi-exact solvabilities of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. It is based on the prepotential together with Bethe ansatz equations. Unlike the the supersymmetric method for the exactly-solvable systems and the Lie-algebraic approach for the quasi-exactly solvable problems, this approach does not require any knowledge of the underlying symmetry of the system. It treats both quasi-exact and exact solvabilities on the same footing. In this approach the system is completely defined by the choice of two polynomials and a set of Bethe ansatz equations. The potential, the change of variables as well as the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are determined in the same process. We illustrate the approach by several paradigmatic examples of Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real energies. Hermitian systems with complex energies, called the quasinormal modes, are also presented. Extension of the approach to the newly discovered rationally extended models is briefly discussed.
A cosmological sandwiched window for lepton-number breaking scale
Authors: Li Shao-Ping , Yu Bingrong
Published: April 2024

A singlet majoron can arise from the seesaw framework as a pseudo-Goldstone boson when the heavy Majorana neutrinos acquire masses via the spontaneous breaking of global U(1)
L
symmetry.
The resulting cosmological impacts are usually derived from the effective majoron-neutrino interaction, and the majoron abundance is accumulated through the freeze-in neutrino coalescence. However, a primordial majoron abundance can be predicted in a minimal setup and lead to distinctive cosmological effects. In this work, we consider such a primordial majoron abundance from relativistic freeze-out and calculate the modification to the effective neutrino number N
eff. We demonstrate that the measurements of N
eff will constrain the parameter space from a primordial majoron abundance in an opposite direction to that from neutrino coalescence. When the contributions from both the primordial abundance and the freeze-in production coexist, the U(1)
L
-breaking scale (seesaw scale) f will be pushed into a “sandwiched window”.
Remarkably, for majoron masses below
1 MeV and above the eV scale, the future CMB-S4 experiment will completely close such a low-scale seesaw window for f ∈ [1,105] GeV. We highlight that any new light particle with a primordial abundance that couples to Standard Model particles may lead to a similar sandwiched window, and such a general phenomenon deserves careful investigation.
Numerical 1-loop correction from a potential yielding ultra-slow-roll dynamics
Authors: Davies Matthew W. , Iacconi Laura , Mulryne David J.
Published: April 2024

Single-field models of inflation might lead to amplified scalar fluctuations on small scales due, for example, to a transient ultra-slow-roll phase. It was argued by Kristiano & Yokoyama in ref. [1] that the enhanced amplitude of the scalar power spectrum on small scales has the potential to induce a sizeable 1-loop correction to the spectrum at large scales. In this work, we repeat the calculation for the 1-loop correction presented in ref. [1]. We closely follow their assumptions but evaluate the loop numerically. This allows us to consider both instantaneous and smooth transitions between the slow-roll and ultra-slow-roll phases. In particular, we generate models featuring realistic, smooth evolution from an analytic inflationary potential. We find that, upon fixing the amplitude of the peak in the power spectrum at short scales, the resulting 1-loop correction is not significantly reduced by considering a smooth evolution. In particular, for a power spectrum with a tree-level peak amplitude potentially relevant for small-scale phenomenology, e.g. primordial black hole production, the 1-loop correction on large scales is a few percent of the tree-level power spectrum.
RKKY interaction in helical higher-order topological insulators
Authors: Jin 金 Sha 莎 , Li 李 Jian 健 , Li 李 Qing-Xu 清旭 , Zhu 朱 Jia-Ji 家骥
Published: April 2024

We theoretically investigate the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction in helical higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), revealing distinct behaviors mediated by hinge and Dirac-type bulk carriers. Our findings show that hinge-mediated interactions consist of Heisenberg, Ising, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) terms, exhibiting a decay with impurity spacing z and oscillations with Fermi energy ε
F. These interactions demonstrate ferromagnetic behaviors for the Heisenberg and Ising terms and alternating behavior for the DM term. In contrast, bulk-mediated interactions include Heisenberg, twisted Ising, and DM terms, with a conventional cubic oscillating decay. This study highlights the nuanced interplay between hinge and bulk RKKY interactions in HOTIs, offering insights into designs of next-generation quantum devices based on HOTIs.
Wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser through Brillouin pump manipulation
Authors: Li 李 Yang 阳 , Xu 徐 En-Ming 恩明 , Chen 陈 Rui-Jia 睿佳 , Shee Yu-Gang , Zhang 张 Zu-Xing 祖兴
Published: April 2024

A wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser (BRRFL) based on Brillouin pump (BP) manipulation is proposed in this paper. The proposed wavelength-interval switchable BRRFL has a full-open cavity configuration, featuring multiwavelength output with wavelength interval of double Brillouin frequency shifts. Through simultaneously injecting the BP light and its first-order stimulated Brillouin-scattered light into the cavity, the laser output exhibits a wavelength interval of single Brillouin frequency shift. The wavelength-interval switching effect can be manipulated by controlling the power of the first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering light. The experimental results show the multiwavelength output can be switched between double Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission with a broad bandwidth of approximately 60 nm and single Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission of 44 nm. The flexible optically controlled random fiber laser with switchable wavelength interval makes it useful for a wide range of applications and holds significant potential in the field of wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication.
Dynamical Dark Energy in Light of Cosmic Distance Measurements. II. A Study Using Current Observations
Authors: Wang Xiaoma , Gu Gan , Mu Xiaoyong , Yuan Shuo , Zhao Gong-Bo
Published: April 2024

We extract key information on dark energy from current observations of BAO, OHD and H
0, and find hints of dynamical behavior of dark energy. In particular, a dynamical dark energy model whose equation of state crosses −1 is favored by observations. We also find that the Universe has started accelerating at a lower redshift than expected.
High-temperature annealing of (
) β-Ga2O3 substrates for reducing structural defects after diamond sawing
Authors: Butenko Pavel , Boiko Michael , Sharkov Mikhail , Almaev Aleksei , Kitsay Aleksnder , Krymov Vladimir , Zarichny Anton , Nikolaev Vladimir
Published: April 2024

A commercial epi-ready (

) β-Ga2O3 wafer was investigated upon diamond sawing into pieces measuring 2.5 × 3 mm2. The defect structure and crystallinity in the cut samples has been studied by X-ray diffraction and a selective wet etching technique. The density of defects was estimated from the average value of etch pits calculated, including near-edge regions, and was obtained close to 109 cm−2. Blocks with lattice orientation deviated by angles of 1−3 arcmin, as well as non-stoichiometric fractions with a relative strain about (1.0−1.5) × 10−4 in the [

] direction, were found. Crystal perfection was shown to decrease significantly towards the cutting lines of the samples. To reduce the number of structural defects and increase the crystal perfection of the samples via increasing defect motion mobility, the thermal annealing was employed. Polygonization and formation of a mosaic structure coupled with dislocation wall appearance upon 3 h of annealing at 1100 °C was observed. The fractions characterized by non-stoichiometry phases and the block deviation disappeared. The annealing for 11 h improved the homogeneity and perfection in the crystals. The average density of the etch pits dropped down significantly to 8 × 106 cm−2.
Observation of avalanche-like transport in Heliotron J and JT-60U plasmas
Authors: Kin F. , Inagaki S. , Nagasaki K. , Luo M. , Itoh K. , Shinohara K. , Terakado A. , Minami T. , Kado S. , Kobayashi S. , Ohshima S. , Bando T. , Oyama N. , Yoshida M.
Published: April 2024

The avalanche type of transport can induce a long-radial transport and thus can contribute to the global profile formation. In this study, we observed the heat perturbations exhibiting avalanche-like transport in the stellarator/heliotron device, Heliotron J, and the tokamak device, JT-60U. We found that the electron heat propagation in Heliotron J is mainly generated from the heating source region. The relatively high value of the Hurst exponent, which is a signature of avalanches, depends on the total heating power. On the other hand, the electron and ion heat avalanches measured in JT-60U tend to spread from the local peak of the temperature gradient and are not influenced by the heating source profiles. The contrasting features of avalanches in stellarator/heliotrons and tokamaks potentially imply the difference in the temperature profile formation, such as the presence of stiffness.