bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revue systématique des tests cognitifs validés et/ou ayant des normes de référence pour la population canadienne francophone âgée
Authors: Carrier Thomas , Field Lira Maria Belen , Cortina Ortiz Juan Andres , Duchesne Camille , Montembeault Maxime
Published: September 2022

Il est essentiel d’utiliser des tests cognitifs ayant été validés et détenant des normes de référence auprès de la population cible, puisque les réalités culturelles et linguistiques différentes entre l’échantillon de validation ou auprès duquel les normes ont été créées et la population cible peuvent affecter les résultats. Cette revue systématique vise à recenser et décrire les tests cognitifs (incluant tests, questionnaires et grilles d’observation) validés et/ou présentant des normes sur la population âgée canadienne francophone. Au total, 46 articles ont été sélectionnés. Cette revue recense 9 tests validés, 20 tests avec normes de référence et 18 tests validés et avec normes, couvrant la majorité des domaines cognitifs (fonctions mnésiques, attentionnelles, exécutives, perceptivo-motrices et langagières), excepté la cognition sociale. La quasi-totalité des échantillons ont été recrutés au Québec. Les tests relevés présentent majoritairement des indices psychométriques satisfaisants et généralement des normes considérant l’âge, le sexe et l’éducation. Cette revue systématique permettra aux cliniciens et chercheurs canadiens en vieillissement d’orienter optimalement leurs choix de tests cognitifs.
Giant pulmonary pseudoaneurysm following balloon dilatation of the pulmonary artery to relieve pulmonary band
Authors: Oteyaka Emre , Sari Gizem , Basunlu Mehmet Turan , Kuguoglu Okan , Dogan Mehmet Sait , Seker Mehmet , Demirel Gamze , Yozgat Yilmaz , Erdem Abdullah , Ugurlucan Murat , Turkoglu Halil
Published: September 2022

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon. They may occur secondary to trauma, infectious diseases, vasculitis syndromes, neoplasms, congenital diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to increasing number of cardiac interventions, iatrogenic complications are among the major causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms.

In this report, we present a 6-month-old patient with pulmonary pseudoaneurysm that occurred following pulmonary balloon angioplasty for the relief of a pulmonary band.
Thomas Hardy's Pure English
Authors: Tate Gregory
Published: September 2022

This article examines Thomas Hardy's conflicting responses to late-Victorian debates about grammatical prescriptivism and linguistic purism. While Hardy claimed that “purism, whether in grammar or vocabulary, almost always means ignorance,” he also frequently expressed his interest in the (perhaps unrealizable) ideal of a “pure English” founded on fixed and unequivocal grammatical rules. Focusing on Tess of the d'Urbervilles, a novel subtitled “A Pure Woman,” I argue that this ambivalence informed the grammar of Hardy's prose style in his fiction. In this novel, Hardy employs the ambiguous modality of the English language, the imprecise grammatical distinction between the indicative statement of facts and the subjunctive elaboration of conceptions and hypotheses, both to sustain and to interrogate the binary of the real and the ideal that underpins his simultaneous critique and defense of the notion of “purity.” This use of modality highlights an analogy between Hardy's views on moral and linguistic purity: in each case, he rejects narrow estimations of purity, while nonetheless championing an ideal—of “pure English” and the “pure woman”—that transcends the limited perspectives of conventional purisms.
“Preserving the Name Alive” versus “Getting About”: Samuel Butler and the Problem of Memorial Sculpture
Authors: Gilmore Dehn
Published: September 2022

One of the most heated areas of discussion around monumental sculpture today is whether problematic past statues should be torn down. But what has been missing from conversations is a sense of prehistory: a sense, even among the monument-mad Victorians, that a time could come when statues from the past might adversely affect life in the present. From logistical concerns that too many statues would choke up flow through city streets, to concerns that effecting too many statues of unworthy people might take up limited space better saved for future worthies, to anxieties about visual distraction, plenty of commentators argued for a moratorium on new production. Others went further and proposed destruction. In his satirical 1872 work Erewhon, Samuel Butler would imagine a society that memorialized its dead not with gravestones but with life-size statues, and imagine a time when “the city had become so overrun with these pests, that there was no way of getting about.” He would also envision that the only solution was wholesale demolition. The scenario he sketched may have seemed one of the least hyperbolic of any in the novel, and the least foreign to his contemporaries.
Neural Synthesis as a Methodology for Art-Anthropology in Contemporary Music
Authors: Dyer Mark
Published: September 2022

This article investigates the use of machine learning within contemporary experimental music as a methodology for anthropology, as a transformational engagement that might shape knowing and feeling. In Midlands (2019), Sam Salem presents an (auto)ethnographical account of his relationship to the city of Derby, UK. By deriving musical materials from audio generated by the deep neural network WaveNet, Salem creates an uncanny, not-quite-right representation of his childhood hometown. Similarly, in her album A Late Anthology of Early Music Vol. 1: Ancient to Renaissance (2020), Jennifer Walshe uses the neural network SampleRNN to create a simulated narrative of Western art music. By mapping her own voice onto selected canonical works, Walshe presents both an autoethnographic and anthropological reimagining of a musical past and questions practices of historiography. These works are contextualised within the practice and theory of filmmaker-ethnographer Trinh T. Minh-ha and her notion of ‘speaking nearby’. In extension of Tim Ingold’s conception of anthropology, it is shown that both works make collaborative human and non-human inquiries into the possibilities of human (and non-human) life.
The Promise and Limit of Kant’s Theory of Justice: On Race, Gender and the Structural Domination of Labourers
Authors: Basevich Elvira
Published: September 2022

This article applies Charles W. Mills’ notion of the domination contract to develop a Kantian theory of justice. The concept of domination underlying the domination contract is best understood as structural domination, which unjustifiably authorizes institutions and labour practices to weaken vulnerable groups’ public standing as free, equal and independent citizens. Though Kant’s theory of justice captures why structural domination of any kind contradicts the requirements of justice, it neglects to condemn exploitive gender- and race-based labour relations. Because the ideal of civic equality must position all persons as co-legislators of the terms of political rule, the state must dismantle exploitive race- and gender-based labour relations for all persons to command political power as civic equals.
On Establishing Robust Consistency in Answer Set Programs
Authors: THEVAPALAN ANDRE , KERN-ISBERNER GABRIELE
Published: September 2022

Answer set programs used in real-world applications often require that the program is usable with different input data. This, however, can often lead to contradictory statements and consequently to an inconsistent program. Causes for potential contradictions in a program are conflicting rules. In this paper, we show how to ensure that a program
$\mathcal{P}$
remains non-contradictory given any allowed set of such input data. For that, we introduce the notion of conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extensions. A conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extension for a conflicting rule r is a set
${\lambda}$
of (default) literals such that extending the body of r by
${\lambda}$
resolves all conflicts of r at once. We investigate the properties that suitable
${\lambda}$
-extensions should possess and building on that, we develop a strategy to compute all such conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extensions for each conflicting rule in
$\mathcal{P}$
. We show that by implementing a conflict resolution process that successively resolves conflicts using
${\lambda}$
-extensions eventually yields a program that remains non-contradictory given any allowed set of input data.
Electromyography-based fatigue assessment of an upper body exoskeleton during automotive assembly
Authors: Gillette Jason C. , Saadat Shekoofe , Butler Terry
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess an upper body exoskeleton during automotive assembly processes that involve elevated arm postures. Sixteen team members at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada were fitted with a Levitate Airframe, and each team member performed between one and three processes with and without the exoskeleton. A total of 16 assembly processes were studied. Electromyography (EMG) data were collected on the anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, upper trapezius, and erector spinae. Team members also completed a usability survey. The exoskeleton significantly reduced anterior deltoid mean active EMG amplitude (p = .01, Δ = −3.2 %MVC, d = 0.56 medium effect) and fatigue risk value (p < .01, Δ = −5.1 %MVC, d = 0.62 medium effect) across the assembly processes, with no significant changes for the other muscles tested. A subset of nine assembly processes with a greater amount of time spent in arm elevations at or above 90° (30 vs. 24%) and at or above 135° (18 vs. 9%) appeared to benefit more from exoskeleton usage. For these processes, the exoskeleton significantly reduced anterior deltoid mean active EMG amplitude (p < .01, Δ = −5.1 %MVC, d = 0.95 large effect) and fatigue risk value (p < .01, Δ = −7.4 %MVC, d = 0.96 large effect). Team members responded positively about comfort and fatigue benefits, although there were concerns about the exoskeleton hindering certain job duties. The results support quantitative testing to match exoskeleton usage with specific job tasks and surveying team members for perceived benefits/drawbacks.
Ungewissheit und Unsicherheit
Authors: Georg Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Was ist bereits zu diesem Thema bekannt?

Eine Middle-Range-Pflegetheorie der Ungewissheit (engl. uncertainity) wurde bereits in den 1990er Jahren von der US-Pflegewissenschaftlerin Mishel formuliert, ist jedoch im deutschsprachigen Raum wenig bekannt. Das bekannte Pflegekonzept „Coping“ erfährt nach dem Thema „Resilienz“ mit „Ungewissheit“ eine weitere Differenzierung.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Das Phänomen „Ungewissheit“ wird konsequent in den Pflegeprozess eingeordnet und somit einschätzbar, erkennbar, benennbar und gezielt sowie geplant pflegerisch beeinflussbar und evaluierbar gemacht.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Gewissheit schaffen und anerkennen, dass Menschen „Ungewissheit“ erleben und dass die Pflege dazu über einen Wissensfundus verfügt, den es für die Praxis fruchtbar zu machen gilt, indem systematisch Kenntnisse darüber verbreitet, erworben und angewendet werden.
On the Impacts of Ice Cover on Flow Profiles in a Bend
Authors: Koyuncu Berkay , Le Trung Bao
Published: September 2022

We investigate the impact of ice coverage on flow and bed shear stress profiles in a river bend. We perform field measurements using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler in a bend of the Red River, North Dakota, the United States. Field campaigns were carried out under both open‐surface and ice‐covered conditions in 2020 and 2021. Our results show that the time‐averaged velocity profile follows closely the quartic solution (Guo et al., 2017, under full ice coverage. While the flow profile under open‐surface condition follows closely the logarithmic law near the bed, it is challenging to identify the logarithmic layers in our measured data under ice‐covered condition. Our results also show that the impact of ice coverage is most significant near both banks where the vertical velocity profile is modified significantly due to the interaction of turbulent flows with the ice cover. Our results suggest that the bend curvature and ice coverage both have significant impacts on the velocity profile as well as the distribution of the bed shear stresses. Our findings provide new insights on sediment transport processes of ice‐covered rivers, especially during the break‐up period when the surface coverage changes rapidly.
Causes and Effects of the Long‐Range Dispersion of Carbonaceous Aerosols From the 2019–2020 Australian Wildfires
Authors: Wu Dongyou , Niu Xiaoying , Chen Ziqi , Chen Yang , Xing Yuxuan , Cao Xiaoyi , Liu Jun , Wang Xin , Pu Wei
Published: September 2022

Australia experienced record‐breaking wildfires during 2019–2020, which emitted large amounts of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we explored the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamic mechanism of the long‐range transport of CAs during November 2019–February 2020. The results indicate that the emitted CAs had a ternary advective spreading pattern across the Pacific Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), influenced mainly by the westerlies and anticyclonic systems. Upward vertical motion over the convergence zone and heat released from smoke pyro‐cumulonimbus clouds and strong light absorption of CAs provided strong vertical lift as the predominant injection pathway of the CAs into the stratosphere in the central Pacific Ocean in the SH. The abundant tropospheric CAs induced atmospheric heating (and potentially surface cooling), with increasing air temperature and decreasing of surface temperature. The anomalous thermal structure led to changes in atmospheric circulation, which weakened the upward vertical motion.
Evaluating Global Atmospheric Inversions of Terrestrial Net Ecosystem Exchange CO2 Over North America on Seasonal and Sub‐Continental Scales
Authors: Cui Yu Yan , Zhang Li , Jacobson Andrew R. , Johnson Matthew S. , Philip Sajeev , Baker David , Chevallier Frederic , Schuh Andrew E. , Liu Junjie , Crowell Sean , Peiro Hélène E. , Deng Feng , Basu Sourish , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric inversion estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 are increasingly relevant to climate policy. We evaluated sub‐continental, seasonal estimates of CO2 NEE from nine global inversion systems that participated in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 model intercomparison project (OCO‐2 v9 MIP), using 98 research flights conducted over the central and eastern United States from 2016 to 2018 as part of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport ‐ America mission. We found that the seasonal amplitude of NEE in the central and eastern United States is underestimated in these models and model‐data biases are largest for those inversions with the smallest seasonal flux amplitudes. These results were independent of whether the inversions used satellite or in situ data. The largest NEE biases were observed in the Midwest croplands and eastern forests. Future experiments are needed to determine the causes of the persistent biases and if they are associated with biases in annual flux estimates.
Tidally Driven Mixing “Hot Spot” at the Entrance of the Japan/East Sea
Authors: Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Jarosz Ewa , Wang David W. , Luecke Conrad A. , Teague William J. , Chang Kyung‐Il , Lee Jae Hak , Nam SungHyun , Min Hong‐Sik , KyungJae Lee
Published: September 2022

Mixing at the southwestern boundary of the Ulleung Basin (UB) in the Japan/East Sea was examined using combined ship‐based, moored, and quasi‐autonomous observations. These observations revealed strong tidal currents, high‐frequency internal wave packets, and energetic turbulence over the sill connecting the Korea/Tsushima Strait and the UB, especially when a supercritical flow becomes subcritical over the sill. In addition, strong velocity shear associated with the semidiurnal baroclinic tide was found near the bottom, where the bathymetry slope was critical to the semidiurnal tide. Large temperature fluctuations were observed during the subcritical phase of the flow, as hydraulically controlled flow generated internal‐wave packets and energetic turbulence with a turbulent‐kinetic‐energy dissipation rate of 10−4 Wkg−1, and a diapycnal diffusivity of 10−2 m2s−1. Our analysis suggests that the sill is a hot spot of mixing, which in turn can play an important role in the Japan/East Sea circulation.
An Empirical Model of the Proton Isotropic Boundary (IB)
Authors: Ma Longxing , Yu Yiqun , Tian Xinbin , Cao Jinbin
Published: September 2022

At mid‐ and high‐latitudes, energetic protons of magnetospheric origin precipitate down to the upper atmosphere, manifested as one of the most important coupling processes between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The equatorward boundary of the energetic proton precipitation, or called isotropic boundary (IB), is usually believed to coincide with the boundary in the magnetosphere where field line curvature scattering of protons transits from strong to weak. In this study, we statistically examine the global distribution of the IB for 39 and 115 keV ring current protons as detected by the NOAA/Polar Operational Environmental Satellites in 2013–2018 and propose an empirical model of the IB as a function of solar wind conditions, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic activity index. The IB is well ordered by SYM‐H index and interplanetary magnetic field Bz, moving to lower latitudes with more negative SYM‐H index and Bz values, and with larger AE index and solar wind pressure. Energy dispersions of the IB are also explored, consistent with the scenario of field curvature scattering in the magnetosphere. This empirical model can be used as an indirect measure of the strength of the magnetospheric stretching and may be applied in magnetosphere‐ionosphere mapping studies.
The Potential Value of Combining Assimilation of Water Vapor Radiances and Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path From ABI on Analyses and Forecasts for Hurricane Irma (2017)
Authors: Meng Deming , Chen Yaodeng , Li Jun , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wang Pei , Lee Jung‐Rim , Li Jinlong , Li Zhenglong
Published: September 2022

All‐sky assimilation of infrared (IR), near‐IR, and visible band measurements are beneficial for forecasting cloud‐covered tropical cyclones, but numerous challenges remain. This study uses the combined assimilation of clear‐sky water vapor radiances and the cloud liquid/ice water path (CWP) retrieved from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the new generation geostationary environmental satellites. The two measurements are spatial complementary to one another. Microphysics schemes, cumulus parameterizations, and dynamic CWP observation errors are optimized using sensitivity tests. The cycling assimilations and subsequent forecasts of Hurricane Irma (2017) are investigated to assess the added value of the combined assimilation and its impacts on hurricane forecasts. Comparisons with ERA5 and dropsonde observations from the National Hurricane Operations Plan show that the combined assimilation can improve the prognostic variables of Hurricane Irma (2017) for both the large‐scale circumstances and the inner‐core area, resulting in a clear improvement in hurricane track and intensity predictions. The detailed diagnostics show that the improved track predictions can be attributed to the more precise steering flow produced by the combined assimilation. Moreover, the additional CWP assimilation allows for a more accurate initialization of water vapor in the hurricane's inner‐core area when the model produces dry simulated water vapor bias. Then the subsequent phase changes of water vapor improve the hurricane intensity forecasting by enhancing the feedback between heating and vortex circulation. The combined assimilation shows the potential value of better utilization of all‐sky satellite measurements to improve hurricane initialization and forecast.
The BEAP Teleconnection and Its Relationship With ENSO in CMIP6: Present and Future Projections
Authors: Gui S. , Yang R. W.
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the historical simulation of the Bay of Bengal–East Asia–Pacific (BEAP) teleconnection and its relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using 16 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The CMIP6 models can reasonably well reproduce the BEAP‐related diabatic heating variables and the ENSO sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA). The CMIP6 models also show good performance in simulating the BEAP pattern at subseasonal and interannual time scales. Further investigation reveals that the BEAP–ENSO relationship changes from statistically insignificant to significant on an interdecadal timescale. Significant BEAP–ENSO correlation is associated with more positive SSTA over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) than in the period of insignificant BEAP–ENSO correlation. The positive SSTA difference acts as a heat source that intensifies the in situ atmospheric convection to generate considerable diabatic heating around the BEAP source region. The covariation of the Indo‐Pacific SSTA exhibits a tripole pattern, namely positive SSTA over the TIO, negative SSTA over the tropical central‐western Pacific, and positive SSTA over the tropical eastern Pacific. The SSTA tripole pattern is ascribed to the Indo‐Pacific capacitor effect and zonal advective feedback. The surface wind stress is weaker during the period of significant BEAP–ENSO correlation than during the non‐significant BEAP–ENSO period. The surface wind stress is also identified as a crucial factor in the projected changes in the BEAP teleconnection. The results indicate that the enhanced zonal wind stress results in more positive BEAP cases in the 21st‐century projection.
Determination of Broadband Complex EM Parameters of Powdered Materials: 2. Ilmenite‐Bearing Lunar Analogue Materials
Authors: Boivin A. L. , Tsai C.‐A. , Hickson D. C. , Ghent R. R. , Daly M. G.
Published: September 2022

We present systematic measurements of the frequency‐dependent complex dielectric permittivity of lunar regolith analogue samples with increasing amounts of the mineral ilmenite along with Bayesian model fits using a one‐pole Cole‐Cole model. We use these results to calculate a lower bound for the attenuation of radar signals in dB/m based on ilmenite content. We compare our measurement results with previous efforts to use Earth‐based radar maps to calculate the effect of ilmenite on radar attenuation and find that they are in agreement. We also revisit the ilmenite‐dependent loss tangent relationships of Carrier III et al. (1991) and demonstrate the significant frequency‐dependent effect of ilmenite content on signal attenuation as well as the effect of minor variations in loss tangent for depth‐to‐feature determinations. The results presented here are the first systematic laboratory measurements investigating the effect of ilmenite on radar attenuation and show future promise for the application of dielectric spectroscopy, or the identification of materials based on their electromagnetic properties in the radar and microwave range.
Discontinuity in Equilibrium Wave‐Current Ripple Size and Shape and Deep Cleaning Associated With Cohesive Sand‐Clay Beds
Authors: Wu X. , Fernandez R. , Baas J. H. , Malarkey J. , Parsons Dan. R.
Published: September 2022

Mixtures of cohesive clay and noncohesive sand are widespread in many aquatic environments. Ripple dynamics in sand‐clay mixtures have been studied under current‐alone and wave‐alone conditions but not combined wave‐current conditions, despite their prevalence in estuaries and the coastal zone. The present flume experiments examine the effect of initial clay content, C0, on ripples by considering a single wave‐current condition and, for the first time, quantify how changing clay content of substrate impacts ripple dimensions during development. The results show inverse relationships between C0 and ripple growth rates and clay winnowing transport rates out of the bed, which reduce as the ripples develop toward equilibrium. For C0 ≤ 10.6%, higher winnowing rates lead to clay loss, and thus the presence of clean sand, far below the base of equilibrium ripples. This hitherto unquantified “deep‐cleaning” of clay does not occur for C0 > 10.6%, where clay‐loss rates are much lower. The clay‐loss behavior is associated with two distinct types of equilibrium combined flow ripples: (a) Large asymmetric ripples with dimensions and plan geometries comparable to their clean‐sand counterparts for C0 ≤ 10.6% and (b) small, flat ripples for C0 > 10.6%. The 10.6% threshold, which may be specific to the experimental conditions, corresponds to a more general 8% threshold found beneath the ripple base, suggesting that clay content here must be <8% for clean‐sand‐like ripples to develop in sand‐clay beds. This ripple‐type discontinuity comprises a threefold reduction in ripple height, with notable implications for bed roughness.
Episodic Deformation and Topographic Development Along the Santa Ynez River Fault: A Blind Thrust in the Western Transverse Ranges of California
Authors: Kelty Clay , Onderdonk Nathan
Published: September 2022

The Santa Ynez River fault is a blind thrust in the western Transverse Ranges fold and thrust belt of southern California. To evaluate the late Quaternary fault kinematics and landscape development, we used fluvial and marine terraces that intersect the fault as geomorphic markers of deformation. Field mapping, GIS analysis, elevation surveys, and radiocarbon and postIR‐IRSL luminescence dating of these terraces indicate an approximately 50 kyr episode of vertical displacement and folding across the fault during the late Pleistocene. Deformation of terraces began at approximately 85 ka following an extended period of tectonic quiescence and fluvial planation in the area. Multiple terrace levels ranging in age from 95.5 ± 11 to 43 ± 5 ka are lifted and folded across the fault with the amount of deformation decreasing with decreasing age. Terraces younger than approximately 35 ka show no evidence of folding or vertical displacement across the fault, indicating that the fault has not slipped in the past 35 kyr. Deformation of the terraces shows that the Santa Ynez River fault exhibited alternating episodes of activity and quiescence on a timescale of tens of thousands of years. This episodic nature cannot be attributed to directional growth of the fold and thrust belt, fault linkage, or long recurrence intervals and evidence of fault slip since Miocene time suggests the episodic activity is not restricted to late‐Quaternary time. This unusual episodic behavior may be due to surface deformation switching back and forth between different shallow structures in the mountain belt through time.
A Two‐Stage Framework for Bias and Reliability Tests of Ensemble Hydroclimatic Forecasts
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Xiong Shaotang , Wang Jiabiao , Liu Zhiyong , Tian Yu , Yan Denghua , Zhang Yongyong , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Hao
Published: September 2022

The popular probability integral transform (PIT) uniform plot presents informative empirical illustrations of five types of ensemble forecasts, that is, reliable, under‐confident, over‐confident, negatively biased and positively biased. This paper has built a novel two‐stage framework upon the PIT uniform plot to quantitatively examine the forecast attributes of bias and reliability. The first stage utilizes the test statistic on bias to examine whether the mean of PIT values is equal to the theoretical mean of standard uniform distribution. Then, the second stage uses the test statistic on reliability to examine whether the mean squared deviation from the theoretical mean is equal to the theoretical variance of standard uniform distribution. Therefore, by using the two‐tailed bootstrap hypothesis testing, the first stage identifies unbiased ensemble forecasts, negatively biased forecasts and positively biased forecasts; the second stage focuses on unbiased ensemble forecasts to furthermore identify reliable forecasts, under‐confident forecasts and over‐confident forecasts. Numerical experiments are devised for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Climate Forecast System version 2 ensemble forecasts of global precipitation. The results highlight the existence of various shapes of the PIT uniform plots. Due to extreme values of observed precipitation, the PIT uniform plots in some cases can substantially deviate from the 1:1 line even though the mean and variance of ensemble forecasts are respectively in accordance with the mean and variance of observations. Nevertheless, the two‐stage framework along with the two test statistics serves as a robust tool for the verification of ensemble hydroclimatic forecasts.
Paraskeletal and extramedullary plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma at diagnosis and at first relapse: 50-years of experience from an academic institution
Authors: Jiménez-Segura Raquel , Rosiñol Laura , Cibeira Ma Teresa , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Tovar Natalia , Rodríguez-Lobato Luis Gerardo , Bladé Esther , Moreno David F. , Oliver-Caldés Aina , Bladé Joan
Published: September 2022

From January 1970 to December 2018, 1304 patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) at our institution and 256 (19.6%) had plasmacytomas (Ps) (paraskeletal –PPs- 17.6%, extramedullary –EMPs-1.9%). Patients with Ps had lower serum M-protein and less advanced ISS stage than those without. At first relapse, 192 out of 967 patients (19.8%) developed Ps (PPs 14.6%, EMPs 5.1%). The only factor associated with Ps at relapse was the presence of Ps at diagnosis (46% vs 13%, p < 0.00001) with no impact with exposure to novel drugs or previous autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The median overall survival (OS) was 45, 44 and 20 months for patients without Ps, PPs and EMPs, respectively (p = 0.013). Patients with PPs who underwent ASCT had similar OS than those without Ps (98 vs. 113 months) and significantly longer than those with EMPs (98 vs 47 months, p = 0.006). In patients non-eligible for ASCT the presence of PPs or EMPs was associated with shorter OS compared with patients without Ps (32 vs. 24 vs. 6 months, p = 0.009). In the relapsed setting, a significant survival benefit was observed beyond the year 2000, but still with significant differences among patients without Ps, PPs and EMPs (37 vs 22 vs 16 months, p = 0.003). Importantly, rescue therapy with combinations of proteasome-inhibitors plus immunomodulatory drugs was associated with prolonged OS from first relapse (over 6 years), even in patients with EMPs.
CAV2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by regulating S100 proteins
Authors: Wang Yafei , Wang Yun , Liu Ruoyan , Wang Chunli , Luo Yi , Chen Liwei , He Yuchao , Zhu Keyun , Guo Hua , Zhang Ze , Luo Jingtao
Published: September 2022

More than half of HNSCC patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Locally advanced HNSCC is characterized by tumors with marked local invasion and evidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. CAV2 is a major coat protein of caveolins, important components of the plasma membrane. In this study, CAV2 was found to profoundly promote invasion and stimulate metastasis in vivo and in vitro. CAV2 was demonstrated to be a key regulator of S100 protein expression that upregulates the proteins levels of S100s, which promotes the invasion and migration and downregulates the expression of tumor suppressors. Mechanistically, CAV2 directly interacts with S100s in HNSCC cells, and CAV2 reduces S100A14 protein expression by promoting its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation via the proteasome. Moreover, we discovered that CAV2 promotes the interaction between S100A14 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM29 and increases TRIM29 expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that CAV2 promotes HNSCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of S100 proteins, presenting a novel potential target for anticancer therapy in HNSCC.
Over 130 cm2/Vs Hall mobility of flexible transparent conductive In2O3 films by excimer-laser solid-phase crystallization
Authors: Nomoto Junichi , Koida Takashi , Yamaguchi Iwao , Makino Hisao , Kitanaka Yuuki , Nakajima Tomohiko , Tsuchiya Tetsuo
Published: September 2022

Flexible transparent electrodes on flexible plastic sheets are in significant demand for use in flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs). However, the combination of the broadband high optical transparency and low electrical resistivity required for the tandemization of f-PSCs sets a stringent requirement on flexible transparent electrodes that are based on traditional Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films, owing to the high free-carrier concentration needed to reduce the electrical resistivity. Herein, we used excimer laser irradiation to achieve a Ce and H codoped In2O3 (ICO:H) film on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that had ultrahigh electron mobility of 133 cm2/Vs, which is the highest among those reported for flexible transparent electrodes, and low sheet resistance of 14.2 Ω/□, which is approximately three times lower than the 40 Ω/□ sheet resistance of commercially available ITO/PET. Furthermore, compared to ITO, this ICO:H film had higher infrared transparency. These nontrivial performances were achieved by an optimized excimer-laser solid-phase crystallization process guided by the correlation between laser pulse counts and the volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phases in the films. These high performances resolved the problems faced by ITO films, thus facilitating the performance of flexible solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
Efficient and accurate frailty model approach for genome-wide survival association analysis in large-scale biobanks
Authors: Dey Rounak , Zhou Wei , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Havulinna Aki , Elliott Amanda , Karjalainen Juha , Kurki Mitja , Qin Ashley ,   FinnGen, Lee Seunggeun , Palotie Aarno , Neale Benjamin , Daly Mark , Lin Xihong
Published: September 2022

With decades of electronic health records linked to genetic data, large biobanks provide unprecedented opportunities for systematically understanding the genetics of the natural history of complex diseases. Genome-wide survival association analysis can identify genetic variants associated with ages of onset, disease progression and lifespan. We propose an efficient and accurate frailty model approach for genome-wide survival association analysis of censored time-to-event (TTE) phenotypes by accounting for both population structure and relatedness. Our method utilizes state-of-the-art optimization strategies to reduce the computational cost. The saddlepoint approximation is used to allow for analysis of heavily censored phenotypes (>90%) and low frequency variants (down to minor allele count 20). We demonstrate the performance of our method through extensive simulation studies and analysis of five TTE phenotypes, including lifespan, with heavy censoring rates (90.9% to 99.8%) on ~400,000 UK Biobank participants with white British ancestry and ~180,000 individuals in FinnGen. We further analyzed 871 TTE phenotypes in the UK Biobank and presented the genome-wide scale phenome-wide association results with the PheWeb browser.
Imprinting fidelity in mouse iPSCs depends on sex of donor cell and medium formulation
Authors: Arez Maria , Eckersley-Maslin Melanie , Klobučar Tajda , von Gilsa Lopes João , Krueger Felix , Mupo Annalisa , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Oxley David , Mancino Samantha , Gendrel Anne-Valerie , Bernardes de Jesus Bruno , da Rocha Simão Teixeira
Published: September 2022

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) is a major leap towards personalised approaches to disease modelling and cell-replacement therapies. However, we still lack the ability to fully control the epigenetic status of iPSCs, which is a major hurdle for their downstream applications. Epigenetic fidelity can be tracked by genomic imprinting, a phenomenon dependent on DNA methylation, which is frequently perturbed in iPSCs by yet unknown reasons. To try to understand the causes underlying these defects, we conducted a thorough imprinting analysis using IMPLICON, a high-throughput method measuring DNA methylation levels, in multiple female and male murine iPSC lines generated under different experimental conditions. Our results show that imprinting defects are remarkably common in iPSCs, but their nature depends on the sex of donor cells and their response to culture conditions. Imprints in female iPSCs resist the initial genome-wide DNA demethylation wave during reprogramming, but ultimately cells accumulate hypomethylation defects irrespective of culture medium formulations. In contrast, imprinting defects on male iPSCs depends on the experimental conditions and arise during reprogramming, being mitigated by the addition of vitamin C (VitC). Our findings are fundamental to further optimise reprogramming strategies and generate iPSCs with a stable epigenome.
Interface engineering breaks both stability and activity limits of RuO2 for sustainable water oxidation
Authors: Du Kun , Zhang Lifu , Shan Jieqiong , Guo Jiaxin , Mao Jing , Yang Chueh-Cheng , Wang Chia-Hsin , Hu Zhenpeng , Ling Tao
Published: September 2022

Designing catalytic materials with enhanced stability and activity is crucial for sustainable electrochemical energy technologies. RuO2 is the most active material for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrolysers aiming at producing ‘green’ hydrogen, however it encounters critical electrochemical oxidation and dissolution issues during reaction. It remains a grand challenge to achieve stable and active RuO2 electrocatalyst as the current strategies usually enhance one of the two properties at the expense of the other. Here, we report breaking the stability and activity limits of RuO2 in neutral and alkaline environments by constructing a RuO2/CoOx interface. We demonstrate that RuO2 can be greatly stabilized on the CoOx substrate to exceed the Pourbaix stability limit of bulk RuO2. This is realized by the preferential oxidation of CoOx during OER and the electron gain of RuO2 through the interface. Besides, a highly active Ru/Co dual-atom site can be generated around the RuO2/CoOx interface to synergistically adsorb the oxygen intermediates, leading to a favourable reaction path. The as-designed RuO2/CoOx catalyst provides an avenue to achieve stable and active materials for sustainable electrochemical energy technologies.
A small molecule antagonist of SMN disrupts the interaction between SMN and RNAP II
Authors: Liu Yanli , Iqbal Aman , Li Weiguo , Ni Zuyao , Wang Yalong , Ramprasad Jurupula , Abraham Karan Joshua , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhao Dorothy Yanling , Qin Su , Loppnau Peter , Jiang Honglv , Guo Xinghua , Brown Peter J. , Zhen Xuechu , Xu Guoqiang , Mekhail Karim , Ji Xingyue , Bedford Mark T. , Greenblatt Jack F. , Min Jinrong
Published: September 2022

Survival of motor neuron (SMN) functions in diverse biological pathways via recognition of symmetric dimethylarginine (Rme2s) on proteins by its Tudor domain, and deficiency of SMN leads to spinal muscular atrophy. Here we report a potent and selective antagonist with a 4-iminopyridine scaffold targeting the Tudor domain of SMN. Our structural and mutagenesis studies indicate that both the aromatic ring and imino groups of compound 1 contribute to its selective binding to SMN. Various on-target engagement assays support that compound 1 specifically recognizes SMN in a cellular context and prevents the interaction of SMN with the R1810me2s of RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A, resulting in transcription termination and R-loop accumulation mimicking SMN depletion. Thus, in addition to the antisense, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, potent SMN antagonists could be used as an efficient tool to understand the biological functions of SMN.
Electrosynthesis of formamide from methanol and ammonia under ambient conditions
Authors: Meng Nannan , Shao Jiang , Li Hongjiao , Wang Yuting , Fu Xiaoli , Liu Cuibo , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin
Published: September 2022

Electrochemical conversion of abundant carbon- and nitrogen-containing small molecules into high-valued organonitrogen compounds is alluring to reducing current dependence on fossil energy. Here we report a single-cell electrochemical oxidation approach to transform methanol and ammonia into formamide under ambient conditions over Pt electrocatalyst that provides 74.26% selectivity from methanol to formamide and a Faradaic efficiency of 40.39% at 100 mA cm−2 current density, gaining an economic advantage over conventional manufacturing based on techno-economic analysis. A 46-h continuous test performed in the flow cell shows no performance decay. The combined results of in situ experiments and theoretical simulations unveil the C–N bond formation mechanism via nucleophilic attack of NH3 on an aldehyde-like intermediate derived from methanol electrooxidation. This work offers a way to synthesize formamide via C–N coupling and can be extended to substantially synthesize other value-added organonitrogen chemicals (e.g., acetamide, propenamide, formyl methylamine).
Multi-biofunctional graphene oxide-enhanced poly-L-lactic acid composite nanofiber scaffolds for ovarian function recovery of transplanted-tissue
Authors: Yan Liang , Wang Lingjuan , Wu Jiachen , Wu Yuanzheng , Zhu Xianyu , Mei Qiaojuan , Song Yinhua , Liu Yang , Zhang Ling , Ai Jihui , Li Kezhen , Qing Guangming , Zhang Yong , Xiao Xianjin , Zhao Yuliang , Xiang Wenpei
Published: September 2022

In this study, we successfully constructed the new graphene oxide/poly-L-lactic acid (GO/PLLA) nanofiber scaffolds with a hydrophilic surface and porous network structure that were highly favorable for cell infiltration. When employed these new nanofiber scaffolds for a wide range of tissue engineering applications, it was expected to promote graft tissue survival and angiogenesis. The new GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold with an appropriate concentration of 1.0 wt% was applied for the restoration of ovarian function and reserve in mice with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). After co-transplanting the normal ovarian cortex loaded on these new nanomaterials into the in situ ovarian tissue of POI mice, the fusion of transplanted ovarian cortex with damaged ovarian tissue was improved, as well as the ovarian function and the follicle numbers. Moreover, angiogenesis was observed clearly and proved to exist in the transplanted tissue and nanomaterials, with the most conspicuous effect after co-transplantation with 1.0 wt% GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) production by phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in vivo was proven to be involved in the effect of GO and PLLA on the improved survival rate of the transplanted ovarian cortex. This study provides a new method for the fertility preservation of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, as well as a new strategy for the transplantation of other organs.
Spatio-temporal superconducting dynamics driven by THz fields from topological spintronic terahertz emitters
Authors: Niedzielski Björn , Schulz Dominik , Berakdar Jamal
Published: September 2022

Metastructures of spintronic THz emitters can be engineered to have a well-defined topology characterized by a topological charge. The emitted THz radiation possesses a phase-locked transversal and longitudinal components with the ratio of which being tunable by the topological charge of the underlying metastructure. The THz fields so produced are employed to drive and spatio-temporally modulate the superconducting order parameter in a type II superconductor. Using a time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg approach, it is demonstrated how the topology of the THz fields is reflected in a texturing of the superconducting phase and density. Full numerical simulations illustrate the emergence and the nanoscale steering of Abrikosov vortices as well as the local modification of the superconducting density and transport properties of nanoscale samples with different geometries. The study highlights the potential of metamaterials based on spintronic THz emitters as a coherent source for spatially and vectorially modulated THz radiation.
Non-invasive contactless analysis of an early drawing by Raffaello Sanzio by means of optical methods
Authors: Quintero Balbas Diego , Dal Fovo Alice , Montalbano Letizia , Fontana Raffaella , Striova Jana
Published: September 2022

Studying highly valuable and fragile Renaissance drawings requires a non-invasive contactless analytical approach. In this work, we study an early drawing by Raffaello Sanzio, one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance, realized during his stay in Florence (1504–1508). Our analyses aimed to reveal the features of the paper support significant for its dating, identify and map the drawing media to understand the artist’s technical approach, and document the drawing condition with imaging and single-sited optical methods. Reflectance Vis–NIR multispectral imaging spectroscopy elaborated with False-Colour and Principal Component Analysis provided information about the paper support and the drawing media. Laser scanning micro-profilometry and Optical Coherence Tomography allowed revealing the superficial micro-scale features of the support. The chemical composition of the different drawing materials was characterized by μ-Raman spectroscopy, which provided also some evidence of the conservation history of the drawing. Integration of spectroscopic and imaging data shows that Raffaello used different dry drawing media (carbon-based and Pb stylus) to sketch the figure and then refined the details and shadows with iron-gall ink. The paper presents a methodological approach for the analytical examination of fragile paper artworks.
Turing instability in quantum activator–inhibitor systems
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Nakao Hiroya
Published: September 2022

Turing instability is a fundamental mechanism of nonequilibrium self-organization. However, despite the universality of its essential mechanism, Turing instability has thus far been investigated mostly in classical systems. In this study, we show that Turing instability can occur in a quantum dissipative system and analyze its quantum features such as entanglement and the effect of measurement. We propose a degenerate parametric oscillator with nonlinear damping in quantum optics as a quantum activator–inhibitor unit and demonstrate that a system of two such units can undergo Turing instability when diffusively coupled with each other. The Turing instability induces nonuniformity and entanglement between the two units and gives rise to a pair of nonuniform states that are mixed due to quantum noise. Further performing continuous measurement on the coupled system reveals the nonuniformity caused by the Turing instability. Our results extend the universality of the Turing mechanism to the quantum realm and may provide a novel perspective on the possibility of quantum nonequilibrium self-organization and its application in quantum technologies.