bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitating factors experienced by agriculture and natural resources university faculty members during the nomination process for teaching awards
Authors: Copenheaver Carolyn A. , Woosnam Kyle M. , Fuhrman Nicholas E.
Published: November 2022

Teaching awards provide faculty members external validation of their excellence in the classroom and opens pathways for leadership and research collaboration. The objective of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators experienced by faculty members during the nomination process. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 12 faculty members in agriculture and natural resources to gather information about their experiences during the teaching award nomination process. Barriers experienced during the nomination process included time and effort needed to prepare the nomination package lack of administrative support, lack of awareness of award opportunities, questioning one's own competitiveness, and perceived biases in the award selection process. Factors that facilitated a faculty member submitting a nomination package included a culture of support; demonstrated efforts to improve one's teaching effectiveness; self‐confidence, valued external recognition, and persistence; promotion and tenure deadlines; and familiarity with the nomination process. Removing barriers and assisting faculty members during the nomination process requires improved communication about the existence and importance of teaching awards and support from administrators or faculty peers. This support could include teaching workshops, opportunities to participate in the scholarship of teaching and learning, and assistance in editing and preparing a teaching award nomination package.
Response assessment by positron emission tomography‐computed tomography as compared with contrast‐enhanced computed tomography in childhood Hodgkin lymphoma can reduce the need for radiotherapy in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Kalra Manas , Bakhshi Sameer , Singh M. , Seth Rachna , Verma Nishant , Jain Sandeep , Radhakrishnan V. , Mandal Piali , Mahajan Amita , Arora Ramandeep S. , Dinand Veronique , Kapoor Gauri , Sajid M. , Kumar Rakesh , Taluja A. , Mallick Saumyaranjan , Chandra Jagdish
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The InPOG‐HL‐15‐01, a multicentric prospective study, used a risk‐stratified and response‐based approach with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) backbone to treat children and adolescents with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and reduce the use of radiation therapy (RT). Children/adolescents with bulky disease or inadequate response at early response assessment (ERA) after two cycles of chemotherapy were assigned to receive RT. For ERA, positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET‐CT) was recommended but not mandatory in view of limited access. This study aimed to compare the impact of using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and PET‐CT on treatment decisions and outcomes.

Methodology

396 patients were enrolled and 382 had an ERA at the assigned time point. Satisfactory response was defined as Deauville score 3 or less for patients undergoing PET‐CT and complete response (CR)/very good partial response (VGPR) for patients undergoing CECT. Outcomes of interest incorporate 5 year event‐free survival (EFS), EFS including abandonment (EFSa), and overall survival (OS).

Results

At ERA, satisfactory response was documented in 277 out of 382 (72.5%) participants and this was significantly higher in PET‐CT (151 out of 186, 81.2%) as compared with CECT‐based assessments (126 out of 196, 64.3%) respectively (p value < .001). Amongst the 203 patients with nonbulky disease (wherein the indication for RT was entirely dependent on ERA), 96 out of 114 (84.2%) and 61 out of 89 (68.5%) patients achieved a satisfactory response according to the PET‐CT and CECT (p value = .008) respectively and hence a lesser proportion of patients in the PET‐CT arm received RT. Despite a lower usage of RT the 5 year OS of both groups, ERA based on CECT (91.8%) versus PET‐CT (94.1%) was comparable (p value = .391) and so was the 5 year EFS (86.7 vs. 85.5%, p value = .724).

Conclusion

Use of PET‐CT as the modality for ERA is more likely to indicate a satisfactory response as compared with CECT and thereby decreases the need for RT in response‐based treatment algorithm for HL‐afflicted children. The reduction in the application of RT did not impact the overall outcome and plausibly would lower the risk of delayed toxic effects.
A computational study of MgmHn nanoclusters with n:m ≥ 2:1 for efficient hydrogen storage
Authors: Shi Dongjie , Ni Youxuan , Li Geng , Yan Zhenhua , Zhao Qing , Xie Weiwei , Meng Xiangfei , Chen Jun
Published: November 2022

Magnesium‐based hydrogen storage material (MgH2) has attracted much attention due to its high hydrogen storage density (7.6 wt%). However, the high hydrogen dissociation enthalpy and slow hydrogen dissociation rate in bulk Mg hinder its wide application in the efficient hydrogen storage. In the present work, we study the hydrogen adsorption and desorption reactions of MgmHn (m = 1–6) nanoclusters using density functional theory. From the global search for the configurations of MgmHn nanoclusters, we found not only stable saturated MgmHn (n = 2m) nanoclusters, but four hydrogen‐enriched MgmHn (n:m > 2:1) nanoclusters, Mg3H7, Mg4H9, Mg5H11, Mg6H13, with the hydrogen storage density higher than 8.3 wt%. The electronic‐structure calculations indicate that the stability of the hydrogen‐enriched cluster gets relatively higher for larger nanocluster. The ab initio dynamics simulations shows that all hydrogen‐enriched clusters have very fast hydrogen dissociation rates, which is promising for the hydrogen dissociation at ambient temperature and pressure. This work provides valuable insights into the hydrogen storage mechanism of nano‐magnesium materials.
Adaptive synchronization control of multimanipulator teleoperation system under constrained discrete‐time network communication
Authors: Yang Yana , Yang Yujing , Li Xiaolei , Hua Changchun
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the synchronization control problem of uncertain single‐master multislave (SMMS) teleoperation system in which every subsystem is connected with each other via a directed constrained communication network. The data exchanges in the channel are discrete in time, intermittent in presence of irregular delays and packet loss, which make the synchronization problem more challenging and still not be well explored. We propose a new adaptive control scheme based on the virtual model and the original dynamic compensator entailing synchronization of all the subsystems under the limited communication. The most recently transmitted information is used to construct the control signal during sampling interval or the period of data loss. The validity of the control approach designed is verified by some simulation results.
Steady‐state analysis of discrete‐time nonsingular terminal sliding mode control systems based on Euler method
Authors: Wang Cong , Xia Hongwei , Wang Yanmin , Ren Shunqing
Published: November 2022

In this article, the steady‐state behaviors of discrete‐time nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) control systems are investigated for the explicit and implicit Euler integration schemes. It is demonstrated that implicit Euler method can guarantee the global convergence of both system states and sliding variable for discrete‐time NTSM control systems, whereas explicit Euler approximation does not. For explicit discrete‐time NTSM, the range of quasi sliding mode band is deduced on the basis of the reachability condition of discrete SM, showing that discretized NTSM can achieve higher control accuracy than the discrete‐time linear sliding mode. By analyzing the distribution features of steady‐state points, the upper bound for steady states is obtained to estimate chattering amplitude, which establishes the influence relationship of sampling time, switching gain and movement characteristics on the bound of steady states. Simulations are presented to validate the theoretical results.
Nitrogen‐15 evaluation of fertilizer placement at planting for corn production
Authors: Griesheim Kelsey L. , Mulvaney Richard L. , Smith Tim J. , Hertzberger Allan J.
Published: November 2022

Numerous studies have been reported to ascertain the benefits of starter fertilization for corn (Zea mays L.) production, but most rely on data collected by measuring early growth or grain yield at harvest. As a more conclusive evaluation, five field trials were conducted using 15N‐labeled urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (90 kg N ha−1) to compare single and dual subsurface band placement, as well as surface dribble and broadcasting with incorporation. Significant differences in dry matter production and total N uptake occurred between fertilized and unfertilized treatments, but not among the different placements studied. In contrast, fertilizer 15N uptake efficiency (F15NUE) tended to be greater for either type of subsurface banding than for the dribble treatment, demonstrating the added sensitivity that can be achieved through isotopic measurements. More importantly, band placement consistently outperformed broadcasting, according to estimates of F15NUE for total aboveground biomass that ranged from 11% to 46% when UAN was banded and from 7% to 34% for broadcast applications.
Amphiphilic Micelles as Superior Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery: from Current Preclinical Surveys to Structural Frameworks
Authors: Wani Farooq Ahmad , Behera Kamalakanta , Patel Rajan
Published: November 2022

The designing of suitable carriers for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs is highly challenging for researchers. Solubilization of drugs is of immense importance for drug development since most drugs are water insoluble. Among various techniques employed for drug solubilization, the use of micellar solutions has been most common and prevalent for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs now a days. The application of miceller systems for drug carriers shows some significance than that of other alternatives. Micelles can reside for longer time to afford gradual accumulation in the affected area in the body and more importantly their sizes allow them to accrue in the regions with leaky vasculature. Moreover, micelles can be obtained in a simple and reproducible way and their use for drug delivery has avoided many potential risks associated with other injectable formulations. These molecular self‐assembled nanostructures solubilize the drugs and protect them from undesirable external environments. Hence it is necessary to have appropriate knowledge on the self‐assembly phenomena associated with surfactant drug mixtures before proceeding for drug delivery. This review highlights details about important phenomenon associated with micellar systems and their role in drug delivery.
Practical Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical and UnsymmetricalTetrakis(aryl/heteroaryl) Adducts Containing Polyconjugated Linkages
Authors: Hosseini Raziyeh , Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Mohammadiannejad Kazem
Published: November 2022

3,3’‐((naphthalen‐2‐ylmethylene)bis(4‐methoxy‐3,1‐phenylene))dipyridineL5was assessed as a novelN,N‐bidentate TRAM‐based ligand in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. This air and moisture stable ligand was recognized as a promising alternative to the commonly used phosphine ligands. Thein‐situgenerated complex ofL5with CuI exhibited an excellent activity in cross‐coupling of aryl bromides with 4‐formylphenyl boronic acid and a pre‐selected library of formylated‐TRAMs and aromatic dialdehydes was prepared in good to high yields. A novel class ofbis‐triarylmethanes namelytetrakis(aryl/heteroaryl) adducts bearing biphenyl, terphenyl or quaterphenyl linkages were also synthesized efficiently through the sequential Friedel‐Crafts arylation of derived aldehydes under [P4‐VPH][HSO4] catalysis.
Use of optical coherence tomography otoscopy to overcome cerumen and other view obstructions during ear examination and assessment
Authors: Porter Ryan G. , Nolan Ryan M. , Novak Michael , Youakim Jon Paul , Shelton Ryan L.
Published: November 2022

Childhood ear infections are highly prevalent and diagnosed with the otoscope, a simple tool that illuminates and magnifies the eardrum to subjectively assess color, translucency and presence of any middle ear fluid. Frequently, however, this view is obstructed by cerumen, complicating clinician assessment and appropriate and effective management. An optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐otoscope capable of capturing both depth‐resolved OCT images and digital color surface images was used to compare OCT against otoscopy for imageability and readability despite cerumen obstruction. Image data were collected from 26 human subjects and read by 12 blinded clinicians and 5 blinded OCT experts. An average of 64.6% of otoscopy views were obstructed. For cases with >75% otoscopy view obstruction, OCT imageability was 84.6%, while otoscopy imageability was 37.5%, excluding complete obstruction cases. OCT‐otoscopy is a promising technology to improve practical middle ear assessment despite the presence of obstructions that frequently render current diagnostic assessments ineffective.
Treatment of flurbiprofen overdose with therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog
Authors: Cambournac Maxime , Moumadah Yann , Berny Philippe , España Bernadette
Published: November 2022

A 2‐year‐old, spayed, female boxer was referred after ingestion of 30 mg/kg flurbiprofen. Treatment included therapeutic plasma exchange in addition to conventional medical management. Therapeutic plasma exchange was efficient in removing flurbiprofen from the dog's plasma, with one complication being a transient face swelling. Despite three‐times lethal dose (LD50) intoxication, the patient fully recovered after transient azotaemia and proteinuria. This case presentation confirms that extracorporeal blood purification may be effective in treating a lethal consumption of flurbiprofen and may provide important resources for human and veterinary patient intoxication care, as flurbiprofen is widely used.
Red Emitting Cerium(III) and Versatile Luminescence Chromaticity of 1D‐Coordination Polymers and Heterobimetallic Ln/AE Pyridylpyrazolate Complexes
Authors: Youssef Heba , Becker Jonathan , Sedykh Alexander E. , Schäfer Thomas , Taydakov Ilya V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: November 2022

Ten homoleptic lanthanide containing 1D‐coordination polymers, three heterobimetallic lanthanide/alkaline earth complexes as well as two alkaline earth complexes of the formula 1∞[Ln(2‐PyPz)3], [Tb2AE(2‐PyPz)8], and [AE(2‐PyPz)2(2‐PyPzH)2], Ln=La−Nd, Sm−Ho, AE=Ca, Sr, Ba were obtained by reactions of the lanthanide (Ln) and/or the alkaline earth metals (AE) with the ligand 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole. Organic melt based and/or solvothermal synthesis results in a redox reaction. The investigated compounds exhibit fair thermal stability up to 400 °C. The Ce3+ compound exhibits a bright and red 5d‐based broad band emission with a maximum at around 640 nm under UV excitation marking an example of a strong reduction of the exited 5d states of Ce(III). The co‐doping of the Gd‐containing coordination polymers with Eu3+ and Tb3+ allows for a shift in the chromaticity from the ion specific 4 f‐based emission colors close to white light emission and thus for a versatile tuning of the chromaticity. The co‐doping of Eu3+ with Tb3+ and vice versa shows metal‐to‐metal energy transfer (MMET) between 4 f‐levels of Tb3+ and Eu3+, which influences the tuning of the emission colour.
Introduction
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael
Published: November 2022

This chapter presents an introduction to statistics and statistical modeling in insurance and actuarial science. We discuss the statistical modeling cycle, we introduce the basic tools from probability theory and statistics, and we conclude with an exploratory data analysis of insurance claim sizes.
Predictive Modeling and Forecast Evaluation
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael
Published: November 2022

This chapter is the core theoretical chapter on predictive modeling, forecast evaluation and model selection. The main problem in actuarial modeling is to forecast and price future claims. For this, we build predictive models, and this chapter deals with assessing and ranking these predictive models. We therefore introduce the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and, more generally, the expected generalization loss (GL) to assess predictive models. This chapter is complemented by a more decision-theoretic approach to forecast evaluation, it discusses deviance losses, proper scoring, elicitability, forecast dominance, cross-validation, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and we give an introduction to the bootstrap simulation method.
Bayesian Methods, Regularization and Expectation-Maximization
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael
Published: November 2022

This chapter summarizes some techniques that use Bayes’ theorem. These are classical Bayesian statistical models using, e.g., the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for model fitting. We discuss regularization of regression models such as ridge and LASSO regularization, which has a Bayesian interpretation, and we consider the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The EM algorithm is a general purpose tool that can handle incomplete data settings. We illustrate this for different examples coming from mixture distributions, censored and truncated claims data.
Deep Learning
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael
Published: November 2022

The core of this book are deep learning methods and neural networks. This chapter considers deep feed-forward neural (FN) networks. We introduce the generic architecture of deep FN networks, and we discuss universality theorems of FN networks. We present network fitting, back-propagation, embedding layers for categorical variables and insurance-specific issues such as the balance property in network fitting, as well as network ensembling to reduce model uncertainty. This chapter is complemented by many examples on non-life insurance pricing, but also on mortality modeling, as well as tools that help to explain deep FN network regression results.
Introduction
Authors: Keller Reto B.
Published: November 2022

This chapter introduces electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), its most essential terms and definitions, and why it is wise to consider EMC early during product development.
Decibel
Authors: Keller Reto B.
Published: November 2022

This chapter introduces the topic decibel in a compact form. Decibel is defined as the ratio of two quantities, typically power, voltage, or current. In the field of EMC, the decibel must be understood. One advantage of decibels is that a gain of 10 dB means a gain of 10 dB for current, voltage, and power likewise. This fact helps to prevent misinterpretations and helps to simplify things. This is the main reason why EMC and high-frequency system engineers like to work with decibels.

This chapter assumes that values of voltages V [V], currents I [A], power P [W], electric field strengths E [V/m], and magnetic field strength H [A/m] are given as root-mean-square (RMS) values.
Ankle fractures involving the anterolateral distal tibia: medium-term clinical results of 50 cases
Authors: Kroker Livia , Neumann Annika Pauline , Beyer Franziska , Rammelt Stefan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The anterolateral distal tibial rim (anterior malleolus, AM) is frequently fractured in malleolar fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of malleolar fractures involving the AM.

Methods

Among 100 patients with AM fractures that were treated over a 10-year period, 50 patients were available for follow-up. Outcome was assessed with the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), the Foot Function Index (FFI-D), the EuroQol (EQ)-5D-5L Index, the EQ-VAS and the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score. Type 1 AM fractures (bony syndesmotic avulsions) were fixed surgically with either a suture anchor or a transosseous suture in 11 of 22 cases (50%). Among type 2 AM fractures (with incisura and joint involvement), 68% were treated surgically with screw fixation. All three type 3 AM fractures (anterolateral tibial plafond impaction) were treated surgically with either screw or plate fixation.

Results

At follow-up, the median OMAS was 75, the FFI-D 19, the EQ-5D-5L-Index 0.88, the EQ-VAS 70, and the AOFAS score 93. Assuming that the fracture severity increases from Supination–External Rotation to Pronation–External Rotation and Pronation–Abduction injuries, the AOFAS score (p < 0.001), OMAS score (p = 0.009), and FFI-D (p = 0.041) all showed a significantly inferior clinical outcome with increasing fracture severity. Patients who required surgical revision (n = 5) showed a significantly inferior outcome with the OMAS (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

A differentiated treatment protocol tailored to dislocation, size, incisura involvement and joint impaction leads to favourable outcomes in complex malleolar fractures involving the AM. More data are needed on the outcome of AM fractures that are still commonly underestimated and overlooked.
The impact of population-level HbA1c screening on reducing diabetes diagnostic delay in middle-aged adults: a UK Biobank analysis
Authors: Young Katherine G. , McGovern Andrew P. , Barroso Inês , Hattersley Andrew T. , Jones Angus G. , Shields Beverley M. , Thomas Nicholas J. , Dennis John M.
Published: November 2022

Aims/hypothesis

Screening programmes can detect cases of undiagnosed diabetes earlier than symptomatic or incidental diagnosis. However, the improvement in time to diagnosis achieved by screening programmes compared with routine clinical care is unclear. We aimed to use the UK Biobank population-based study to provide the first population-based estimate of the reduction in time to diabetes diagnosis that could be achieved by HbA1c-based screening in middle-aged adults.

Methods

We studied UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 years with HbA1c measured at enrolment (but not fed back to participants/clinicians) and linked primary and secondary healthcare data (n=179,923) and identified those with a pre-existing diabetes diagnosis (n=13,077, 7.3%). Among the remaining participants (n=166,846) without a diabetes diagnosis, we used an elevated enrolment HbA1c level (≥48 mmol/mol [≥6.5%]) to identify those with undiagnosed diabetes. For this group, we used Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess the time between enrolment HbA1c measurement and subsequent clinical diabetes diagnosis up to 10 years, and Cox regression to identify clinical factors associated with delayed diabetes diagnosis.

Results

In total, 1.0% (1703/166,846) of participants without a diabetes diagnosis had undiagnosed diabetes based on calibrated HbA1c levels at UK Biobank enrolment, with a median HbA1c level of 51.3 mmol/mol (IQR 49.1–57.2) (6.8% [6.6–7.4]). These participants represented an additional 13.0% of diabetes cases in the study population relative to the 13,077 participants with a diabetes diagnosis. The median time to clinical diagnosis for those with undiagnosed diabetes was 2.2 years, with a median HbA1c at clinical diagnosis of 58.2 mmol/mol (IQR 51.0–80.0) (7.5% [6.8–9.5]). Female participants with lower HbA1c and BMI measurements at enrolment experienced the longest delay to clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation

Our population-based study shows that HbA1c screening in adults aged 40–70 years can reduce the time to diabetes diagnosis by a median of 2.2 years compared with routine clinical care. The findings support the use of HbA1c screening to reduce the time for which individuals are living with undiagnosed diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Exome-based gene panel analysis in a cohort of acute juvenile ischemic stroke patients:relevance of NOTCH3 and GLA variants
Authors: Härtl Johanna , Hartberger Julia , Wunderlich Silke , Cordts Isabell , Bafligil Cemsel , Sturm Marc ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Westphal Dominik , Haack Tobias , Hemmer Bernhard , Ikenberg Benno David , Deschauer Marcus
Published: November 2022

Background

Genetic variants are considered to have a crucial impact on the occurrence of ischemic stroke. In clinical routine, the diagnostic value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the medical clarification of acute juvenile stroke has not been investigated so far.

Material and methods

We analyzed an exome-based gene panel of 349 genes in 172 clinically well-characterized patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven, juvenile (age ≤ 55 years), ischemic stroke admitted to a single comprehensive stroke center.

Results

Monogenetic diseases causing ischemic stroke were observed in five patients (2.9%): In three patients with lacunar stroke (1.7%), we identified pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 causing cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Hence, CADASIL was identified at a frequency of 12.5% in the lacunar stroke subgroup. Further, in two male patients (1.2%) suffering from lacunar and cardioembolic stroke, pathogenic variants in GLA causing Fabry’s disease were present. Additionally, genetic variants in monogenetic diseases lacking impact on stroke occurrence, variants of unclear significance (VUS) in monogenetic diseases, and (cardiovascular-) risk genes in ischemic stroke were observed in a total of 15 patients (15.7%).

Conclusion

Genetic screening for Fabry’s disease in cardioembolic and lacunar stroke as well as CADASIL in lacunar stroke might be beneficial in routine medical work-up of acute juvenile ischemic stroke.
Modeling lactate threshold in young squad athletes: influence of sex, maximal oxygen uptake, and cost of running
Authors: Ji Sanghyeon , Keller Sebastian , Zwingmann Lukas , Wahl Patrick
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate: 1. The influence of sex and age on the accuracy of the classical model of endurance performance, including maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

), its fraction (LT2%), and cost of running (CR), for calculating running speed at lactate threshold 2 (vLT2) in young athletes. 2. The impact of different CR determination methods on the accuracy of the model. 3. The contributions of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, and CR to vLT2 in different sexes.

Methods

45 male and 55 female young squad athletes from different sports (age: 15.4 ± 1.3 years; $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

: 51.4 ± 6.8 $$\hbox {mL} \cdot \hbox {kg}^{-1} \cdot \hbox {min}^{-1}$$

mL
·

kg

-
1

·

min

-
1

) performed an incremental treadmill test to determine $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, CR, and vLT2. CR was assessed at a fixed running speed (2.8 $$ \hbox {m} \cdot \hbox {s}^{-1}
$$

m
·

s

-
1

), at lactate threshold 1 (LT1), and at 80% of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, respectively.

Results

Experimentally determined and modeled vLT2 were highly consistent independent of sex and age (ICC $$\ge$$
≥
0.959). The accuracy of vLT2 modeling was improved by reducing random variation using individualized CR at 80% $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

(± 4%) compared to CR at LT1 (± 7%) and at a fixed speed (± 8%). 97% of the total variance of vLT2 was explained by $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, and CR. While $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

and CR showed the highest unique (96.5% and 31.9% of total $$R^2$$

R
2

, respectively) and common (– 31.6%) contributions to the regression model, LT2% made the smallest contribution (7.5%).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate: 1. High accuracy of the classical model of endurance performance in calculating vLT2 in young athletes independent of age and sex. 2. The importance of work rate selection in determining CR to accurately predict vLT2. 3. The largest contribution of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

and CR to vLT2, the latter being more important in female athletes than in males, and the least contribution of LT2%.
100. Krankenhaus erfolgreich zum Cardiac Arrest Center zertifiziert
Authors: Rott Nadine , Horriar Lina , Böttiger Bernd W.
Published: November 2022

Cardiac Arrest Center (CAC) sind zertifizierte Krankenhäuser, die zur Weiterbehandlung prähospital reanimierter Patientinnen und Patienten spezialisiert sind. In Deutschland finden Audits seit Ende 2018 statt. Unter dem Ziel eines bundesweiten, flächendeckenden Ausbaus konnte nun das 100. Krankenhaus als CAC zertifiziert werden. Auch in den neuen internationalen Reanimationsleitlinien 2021 wird die besondere Bedeutung von CAC im neu entwickelten Kapitel „lebensrettende Systeme“ hervorgehoben.
Infectious waste management in Japan: assessment of current trends in waste measurement and reporting in general and psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Negishi Ritsuki , Kawahara Kazuo
Published: November 2022

Infectious waste (IW) may include waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids, cultures of infectious agents from laboratory work, or waste from patients with infections. Accurate and standardized measurement is an important aspect of waste management. In Japan, data on infectious waste generated by hospitals are limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify the current status of infectious waste management and disposal in hospitals. To this end, data on the amount of IW generated and IW disposal costs from 54 public hospitals—25 general hospitals and 29 psychiatric hospitals—between April 2015 and March 2016 were analyzed. The results revealed the absence of a standardized unit of IW measurement, with 33 hospitals reporting IW in kilograms and 21 hospitals reporting it in liters. As expected, the amount of IW generated at psychiatric hospitals was significantly lower than that generated at general hospitals. The amount of IW produced correlated positively with the number of in-patients. Disposal costs varied not only by hospital type and prefecture but also across hospitals of the same type within the same prefecture. A system that consolidates IW data management using standardized units is necessary.
CORAA ASR: a large corpus of spontaneous and prepared speech manually validated for speech recognition in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Candido Junior Arnaldo , Casanova Edresson , Soares Anderson , de Oliveira Frederico Santos , Oliveira Lucas , Junior Ricardo Corso Fernandes , da Silva Daniel Peixoto Pinto , Fayet Fernando Gorgulho , Carlotto Bruno Baldissera , Gris Lucas Rafael Stefanel , Aluísio Sandra Maria
Published: November 2022

Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) is a complex and challenging task. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the area. In particular, for the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) language, there were around 376 h publicly available for the ASR task until the second half of 2020. With the release of new datasets in early 2021, this number increased to 574 h. The existing resources, however, are composed of audios containing only read and prepared speech. There is a lack of datasets including spontaneous speech, which are essential in several ASR applications. This paper presents CORAA (Corpus of Annotated Audios) ASR with 290 h, a publicly available dataset for ASR in BP containing validated pairs of audio-transcription. CORAA ASR also contains European Portuguese audios (4.6 h). We also present a public ASR model based on Wav2Vec 2.0 XLSR-53, fine-tuned over CORAA ASR. Our model achieved a Word Error Rate (WER) of 24.18% on CORAA ASR test set and 20.08% on Common Voice test set. When measuring the Character Error Rate (CER), we obtained 11.02% and 6.34% for CORAA ASR and Common Voice, respectively. CORAA ASR corpora were assembled to both improve ASR models in BP with phenomena from spontaneous speech and motivate young researchers to start their studies on ASR for Portuguese. All the corpora are publicly available at https://github.com/nilc-nlp/CORAA under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
Aberrant dynamic functional network connectivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals
Authors: Lyu Wenjiao , Wu Ye , Huang Haoming , Chen Yuna , Tan Xin , Liang Yi , Ma Xiaomeng , Feng Yue , Wu Jinjian , Kang Shangyu , Qiu Shijun , Yap Pew-Thian
Published: November 2022

An increasing number of recent brain imaging studies are dedicated to understanding the neuro mechanism of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. In contrast to efforts to date that are limited to static functional connectivity, here we investigate abnormal connectivity in T2DM individuals by characterizing the time-varying properties of brain functional networks. Using group independent component analysis (GICA), sliding-window analysis, and k-means clustering, we extracted thirty-one intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) and estimated four recurring brain states. We observed significant group differences in fraction time (FT) and mean dwell time (MDT), and significant negative correlation between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and FT/MDT. We found that in the T2DM group the inter- and intra-network connectivity decreases and increases respectively for the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN). We also found alteration in the precuneus network (PCUN) and enhanced connectivity between the salience network (SN) and the TPN. Our study provides evidence of alterations of large-scale resting networks in T2DM individuals and shed light on the fundamental mechanisms of neurocognitive deficits in T2DM.
Grenzen und Fortschritte indikatorengestützter Politik am Beispiel der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Wagner Gert G.
Published: November 2022

Indikatoren sollen der Steuerung von (sozialen) Prozessen dienen. Sie beschreiben jedoch die Realität in der Regel nur deskriptiv und unvermeidlich mit mehr oder weniger großen und systematischen Messfehlern behaftet. Insofern ist es im Allgemeinen alles andere als einfach mit Hilfe von Indikatoren zu steuern; insbesondere dann, wenn für Problembereiche (fehlerbehaftete) Zielwerte vorgegeben werden, für deren Erreichung die Indikatoren keine kausalen Pfade aufzeigen. Am Beispiel der Corona-Pandemie werden statistisch-methodische Probleme von (sozialen) Indikatoren aufgezeigt und auf ein zentrales Defizit der vorhandenen bzw. rasch entwickelten Pandemie-Indikatoren hingewiesen: fehlende Indikatoren für Instrumente der Risikokommunikation. Als eine positive Nebenwirkung der Pandemie wird die verbesserte „statistical literacy“ hervorgehoben und diskutiert.
Risk Analysis for Train Collisions Using Fault Tree Analysis: Case Study of the Hanoi Urban Mass Rapid Transit
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoai An , Trinckauf Jochen , Luong Tuan Anh , Truong Thanh Tung
Published: November 2022

The urban mass rapid transit (UMRT) Line HN2A is the first light rail transit line in Vietnam. It is also the first time the operational safety assessment for the whole life cycle of a railway project is applied and assessed by an applicable scientific tool. While various industry standard methods have been deployed in many countries, their application is not appropriate for assessing the outdated railway infrastructure in Vietnam. This article proposes a method for generating safety risk models for train collisions using the fault tree analysis (FTA) technique. The FTA method comprehensively evaluates the fundamental error and failure probability that could potentially lead to accidents in general and train collisions in particular on Line HN2A. The study describes the procedure for establishing FTA and determining assumptions based on technical specifications and similar railway systems. Compared with the statistical failure results using data from operational tests and commissioning (2018–2021) of the metro line, the results here indicate that this is a reasonable theoretical model applicable to UMRT in Vietnam. The theoretical model will be processed to generate the first-ever scientific risk assessment system based on empirical evidence. In addition, real-time accident and operation data will continue to be collected and compared to the theoretical model to improve its accuracy. The findings of this study could serve as a starting point for risk management on current and future freight, passenger, and metro lines in Vietnam.
The E-Primer
Authors: Spapé Michiel , Verdonschot Rinus , van Dantzig Saskia , van Steenbergen Henk
Published: November 2022

E-Prime is the leading software suite by Psychology Software Tools for designing and running Psychology lab experiments. The E-Primer is the perfect accompanying guide. It provides all the necessary knowledge to make E-Prime accessible to everyone. You can learn the tools of Psychological science by following the E-Primer through a series of entertaining, step-by-step recipes that recreate classic experiments. The updated E-Primer expands its proven combination of simple explanations, interesting tutorials and fun exercises, and makes even the novice student quickly confident to create their dream experiment. Featuring:
Learn the basic and advanced features of E-Studio's flexible user interface.

15 step-by-step tutorials let you replicate classic experiments from all Psychology fields.

Learn to write custom code in E-Basic without having any previous experience in programming.

Second edition completely revised for E-Prime 3.

Based on 10+ years of teaching E-Prime to undergraduates, postgraduates, and colleagues.

Used by Psychology Software Tools to train their own staff.
L’émergence d’une histoire environnementale interdisciplinaire
Authors: Izdebski Adam , Bloomfield Kevin , Eastwood Warren J. , Fernandes Ricardo , Fleitmann Dominik , Guzowski Piotr , Haldon John , Ludlow Francis , Luterbacher Jürg , Manning Joseph G. , Masi Alessia , Mordechai Lee , Newfield Timothy P. , Stine Alexander R. , Şenkul Çetin , Xoplaki Elena
Published: November 2022

Avec l’efflorescence des approches paléoscientifiques du passé, les historiens ont été confrontés à une multitude de nouveaux indices sur des phénomènes tant humains que naturels, des maladies aux migrations en passant par les transformations du paysage et le climat. Ces données inédites exigent une réécriture des récits portant sur les périodes lointaines, remettant en cause à la fois les fondements de l’autorité des sources historiques traditionnelles et la légitimité des personnes habilitées à narrer le passé aux sociétés contemporaines. Les travaux d’histoire appuyés sur les sciences humaines doivent embrasser ces nouveaux types d’indices ; cependant, pour y parvenir, il est nécessaire pour les chercheurs de s’engager dans cette voie de manière critique, comme ils le font pour les sources textuelles et matérielles. Cet article souhaite mettre en lumière les questions méthodologiques les plus essentielles, qui vont des échelles spatio-temporelles et de l’hétérogénéité des nouvelles preuves au rôle à attribuer aux méthodes quantitatives et à la place des données scientifiques dans la construction narrative. Il examine les domaines d’étude où les paléosciences se sont « immiscées » dans des champs et des sujets auparavant réservés aux historiens, notamment l’histoire socio-économique, climatique et environnementale. Les auteurs soutiennent qu’il est urgent pour ces spécialistes d’explorer activement ces pistes novatrices, s’ils entendent contribuer à l’évolution de notre compréhension des défis de l’Anthropocène.
Le destin de l’Empire romain dans le temps long de l’environnement (note critique)
Authors: Leveau Philippe
Published: November 2022

Cette contribution a pour point de départ la présentation du livre de K. Harper, qui traite de la place de l’évolution du climat et des maladies dans l’histoire de l’Empire romain. Après avoir présenté les grandes thèses défendues par l’auteur, elle s’attache aux critiques qui ont pu être adressées à ces restitutions par certains historiens : sous-estimation de la complexité de l’évolution climatique, surestimation de la mortalité épidémique, utilisation abusive des apologistes chrétiens, mobilisation des concepts de consilience et de résilience. Ces choix rendent compte des accusations de déterminisme et de réductionnisme dont le livre a fait l’objet. Le récit que K. Harper fait de l’histoire de Rome doit être replacé dans le contexte d’une histoire globale et environnementale promue par des historiens américains qui y saluent une entrée magistrale de l’histoire de Rome dans les préoccupations d’un monde du xxie siècle menacé par les deux conséquences de la globalisation : le changement climatique et les pandémies. Ils s’opposent en cela aux historiens européens qui insistent sur la diversité des conditions environnementales du temps de l’Empire et sur l’héritage historique légué aux nations européennes. Si l’écart entre ces deux approches fait l’intérêt du débat, le « présentisme » dont elles témoignent l’une et l’autre les expose au risque d’interpréter la chute de Rome en fonction des inquiétudes environnementales et géopolitiques actuelles.
How is the U.S. Pricing Carbon? How Could We Price Carbon?
Authors: Aldy Joseph E. , Burtraw Dallas , Fischer Carolyn , Fowlie Meredith , Williams Roberton C. , Cropper Maureen L.
Published: November 2022

Economists have for decades recommended that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases be taxed – or otherwise priced – to provide incentives for their reduction. The USA does not have a federal carbon tax; however, many state and federal programs to reduce carbon emissions effectively price carbon – for example, through cap-and-trade systems or regulations. There are also programs that subsidize reductions in carbon emissions. At the 2022 meetings of the American Economic Association, the Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis brought together five well-known economists – Joe Aldy, Dallas Burtraw, Carolyn Fischer, Meredith Fowlie, and Rob Williams – to discuss how the USA does, in fact, price carbon and how it could price carbon. Maureen Cropper chaired the panel. This paper summarizes their remarks.
Discounting in Natural Resource Damage Assessment
Authors: Horsch Eric , Phaneuf Daniel , Giguere Chris , Murray Jason , Duff Cameron , Kroninger Cole
Published: November 2022

The goal of natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) is to compensate the public for losses to natural resources from past or ongoing hazardous releases, including losses that may persist into the future. Compensation is delivered in the form of restoration projects. Resolving NRDA liability requires balancing losses and restoration benefits over multiple decades and converting them into a present value for calculating appropriate damages. For the past two decades, NRDA practitioners have used a real discount rate of 3 % to convert losses and benefits to a present value equivalent. That rate was based, in part, on real historical yields on risk-free debt (e.g., the real rate of return on 3-month Treasury bills). Declining interest rates on risk-free debt in recent years has led to suggestions to reexamine the historical consensus discount rate. This paper reviews two alternative conceptual paradigms for selecting a discount rate in NRDA cases: the social rate of time preference and discount rates for tort cases. We summarize historical data for empirically implementing the two paradigms and discuss the ramifications of the different options. Based on our review, we suggest maintaining the 3 % consensus as a practical solution to a range of empirical candidates within the two conceptual paradigms.
Pattern wavelengths and transport characteristics in three-dimensional bioconvection generated by chemotactic bacteria
Authors: Yanaoka Hideki , Nishimura Tomomu
Published: November 2022

We conducted a three-dimensional numerical simulation of bioconvection generated by oxygen-reactive chemotactic bacteria. This study investigated the bioconvection patterns, interference between plumes, and the wavelength of bioconvection patterns. In addition, we clarified the transport characteristics of cells and oxygen in the bioconvection. Multiple plumes occur in the suspension, and three-dimensional bioconvection is formed around the plumes by the cells with vortex rings arising around the plumes. Even if bioconvection at a high Rayleigh number is disturbed, the bioconvection is strongly stable with respect to disturbances, and the pattern does not change due to disturbances. Bioconvection changes depending on the physical properties of bacteria and oxygen, and in particular, the rate of oxygen consumption by bacteria significantly affects the strength of bioconvection. Bioconvection patterns with different plume arrangements and shapes are formed for different Rayleigh numbers or initial disturbances of the cell concentration. As a result, the wavelengths of the patterns also vary. As the Rayleigh number increases, interference between plumes is strengthened by the shortening of the pattern wavelength, so the velocities of both upward and downward flows increase. Many cells are located under the plumes, and a strong shear flow occurs in these regions. As the pattern wavelength decreases, the cells are affected by high shear stress. Then the convective transport of the entire suspension strengthens and the transport characteristics of cells and oxygen improve. When the chamber boundary is changed to side walls, bacteria adhere to the wall surface, and plumes are arranged regularly along the side walls.
On defining ‘fundamentalism’
Authors: Peels Rik
Published: November 2022

This article combines two things: it explores how one should undertake the project of defining ‘fundamentalism’ and, based on the ensuing desiderata, it actually provides such a definition. After a few preliminary comments on ‘fundamentalism’ and the value of defining it, five goals of definitions are distinguished and elucidated: accuracy, precision, fairness, clarity, and fecundity. After that, various kinds of definitions and their interrelations are spelled out. Finally, the author provides and defends a so-called explicative definition of ‘fundamentalism’ both in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions and in terms of stereotypical properties. On the basis of empirical literature and a scoping review, it is argued that a movement is fundamentalist if and only if it is (i) reactionary towards modern developments, (ii) itself modern, and (iii) based on a grand historical narrative. More specifically, a movement is fundamentalist if it exemplifies a large number of the following properties: (i) it is reactionary in its rejection of liberal ethics, science, or technological exploitation; (ii) it is modern in seeking certainty and control, embracing literalism and infallibility about particular scriptures, actively using media and technology, or making universal claims; and (iii) it presents a grand historical narrative in terms of paradise, fall, and redemption, or cosmic dualism.
A linear logic framework for multimodal logics
Authors: Xavier Bruno , Olarte Carlos , Pimentel Elaine
Published: November 2022

One of the most fundamental properties of a proof system is analyticity, expressing the fact that a proof of a given formula F only uses subformulas of F. In sequent calculus, this property is usually proved by showing that the
$\mathsf{cut}$
rule is admissible, i.e., the introduction of the auxiliary lemma H in the reasoning “if H follows from G and F follows from H, then F follows from G” can be eliminated. The proof of cut admissibility is usually a tedious, error-prone process through several proof transformations, thus requiring the assistance of (semi-)automatic procedures. In a previous work by Miller and Pimentel, linear logic (
$\mathsf{LL}$
) was used as a logical framework for establishing sufficient conditions for cut admissibility of object logical systems (OL). The OL’s inference rules are specified as an
$\mathsf{LL}$
theory and an easy-to-verify criterion sufficed to establish the cut-admissibility theorem for the OL at hand. However, there are many logical systems that cannot be adequately encoded in
$\mathsf{LL}$
, the most symptomatic cases being sequent systems for modal logics. In this paper, we use a linear-nested sequent (
$\mathsf{LNS}$
) presentation of
$\mathsf{MMLL}$
(a variant of LL with subexponentials), and show that it is possible to establish a cut-admissibility criterion for
$\mathsf{LNS}$
systems for (classical or substructural) multimodal logics. We show that the same approach is suitable for handling the
$\mathsf{LNS}$
system for intuitionistic logic.