bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States and Possible Mitigations Through the Lens of Behavioral Economics
Authors: Krishnan Avanthi , Gallo Edoardo
Published: April 2023

During the current pandemic, vaccine hesitation is rapidly spreading through social media controversies. Despite the reassurance of medical professionals, heuristics from behavioral economics impose irrational thinking that leads to false interpretations of the news. This research paper analyzes the effect heuristics have on COVID-19 vaccination rates in the United States through a series of experiments and data analysis. Specifically, I will define confirmation bias, risk perception, availability bias, and status quo bias, and thoroughly discuss their relation to decision making. This paper also strives to explore framing and loss aversion among different age groups and provide refined, age-specific policies that the government can incorporate to increase vaccinations in America.
Evaluating clear aligners and conventional braces in treating TMJ and Speech Impediment
Authors: Lu Chloe
Published: April 2023

Orthodontics is the study of treating misaligned occlusion, malpositioned teeth & jaws, and facial growth modification. A variety of orthodontic treatments can prevent these misaligned bite patterns and fix malpositioned teeth & jaws through straightening/moving teeth with the assistance of orthodontic materials. A concept many people do not commonly relate to orthodontics is speech impediment and TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) issues. Current research shows both braces and clear aligners are very strategic materials that move teeth efficiently, but very few research articles contain information that specifies a better choice for treating speech impediment/TMJ. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate if adult patients with speech impediment and TMJ issues are more likely to have a better outcome in treatment of these symptoms with conventional (e.g. traditional braces) or new orthodontic treatments (e.g. clear aligners). Results show clear aligners work quickly and are less painful for adults; however, conventional braces are proven to be highly effective in treating moderate to severe cases of malocclusions, while clear aligners are best for simple malocclusions. Although this is a popular result, articles continue to state that the comparison is inconclusive and that both materials effectively treat all cases of malocclusions. Be that as it may, it is significant that issues like speech impediment and temporomandibular (TMJ) issues are fixed quickly and efficiently to relieve symptoms before conditions worsen. Other factors like comfortability, compliance, treatment duration, and pricing are often taken into account when deciding which option is most suitable for the patient.
Confucian Filial Piety and Altruism and Family Financial Support in the 21st Century
Authors: Ang Caitlin , Nguyen Dieu Anh , Wilson Matthew , Atwood Leo
Published: April 2023

Described as one of the most influential philosophies of East Asia, Confucianism concepts of social order have permeated throughout the region. Its moral teachings have influenced East Asia as a whole, and still his teachings remain in some families to this day. In particular, Confucius’ views on filial piety, respect for one’s parents, and altruism, caring for others, have been taught in families as a moral model. 
The surveys used in this article analyzed Asian families across the United States and Vietnam, asking them about their demographic, respect and acts of service for family, as well as acts for others. A total of 258 people responded, majority females, centralized mainly within Hanoi and Massachusetts. For statements surrounding filial piety, Vietnam respondents tended to have a higher positive/neutral response rate, with its percentage at 47.6%. This remains true for altruism as well. Those in Vietnam had a high response rate compared to the US, having over 25% of their responses listed as “most positive”, while 50% of US respondents chose the “disagree-strongly disagree” options. 
We cross analyzed these two points of data, filial piety and altruism, and compared it to their financial situations and how much participants were willing to give to their parents. We also analyzed older generations versus youth, and found that those in the older generations were willing to give more than the younger.
PD-1 VS PD-L1 Inhibitors in Metastatic Cancers
Authors: Saravanan Saswat
Published: April 2023

Immunotherapy is a new and developing field with the potential to change the way medical professionals approach diseases with high mortality rates such as metastatic cancers. However, due to the little time immunotherapy has been around, there has been little testing to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic devices in metastatic cancers. This study in particular will compare the efficacy of immunotherapeutic devices that block PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors based on research available on the subject. The goal of this study is to see which immunotherapeutic drug group has the most potential as a treatment for metastatic cancers as of now and to introduce more awareness to this sort of treatment in the oncological field.
Mechanisms of Metastasis: Analysis on Abdominal Organs and the Effect of Treatment Options
Authors: Keshav Sinchana , Kethar Josthna
Published: April 2023

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related deaths and commonly associated with Stage IV cancer. This paper will answer the question of: “How do the different circumstances of metastatic origin, growth, and spread affect the function of abdominal organs and life expectancy in cancer patients as well as how varied treatment options affect tumor spread?” in the style of an empirical review. It details numerous studies on metastasis formation, growth, and its effects in the three abdominal organs of the colon/ rectum, pancreas, and the stomach. Additionally, it delves into the treatment options for metastasis and how they help or worsen the situation. 
Overall, the key factors in tumor spread is the tumor microenvironment which highlights the interactions between healthy and malignant cells. Tumors secrete various growth factors, the most important being VEGF which is helpful in the processes of acquiring nutrients and oxygen for it to grow and develop. Prior niches are formed which guide the tumors on where to spread depending on the cancer type. In abdominal organs specifically, the most common sites of metastasis are the liver, lung, and peritoneum, which indicates proximal metastasis of cancers which originate in that region. Lastly, treatment methods aimed at eliminating the chance of cancer metastasis can lead to a stimulation of metastasis, having the opposite of its intended effect. Ultimately, cancer research is a field which is actively being experienced and studied to make developments and further existing knowledge.
Solutions to Familial Hypercholestrolemia
Authors: Jogdankar Krishna
Published: April 2023

FH or (Familial Hypercholesterolemia) is a genetic disease that passes on from one family member to another, and affects about 1/250 people around the world, but is untreated even though it has a high risk with the addition of increasing one's chances of getting coronary heart disease. This disease causes plaques on the sides of blood vessels (over the build-up of cholesterol). There are 4 solutions worth mentioning Lomitapide, Statins, Surgery, and Genetic engineering. Lomitapide is a pill to be taken by mouth and it takes action in the early processes of making triglycerides. Statins are used to reduce the level of LDL Proteins in the Liver. The surgical options are to be used in rare cases as not all situations are the same and may not be for anyone and everyone. The Genetic engineering solution is gonna be used as a therapeutic method that has never been tried before, it may prevent future generation problems.
Individualism Versus Collectivism And The Troubles Of Conformity
Authors: Layne Misa , Tereschuk Thomas
Published: April 2023

A healthy balance of individualism and collectivism, with heed to educated conformity, is needed to have a well functioning, just, and representative government. Too much individualism creates disunity with less focus on government and community, leading to polarization. Excessive conformity/collectivism destroys the unique character of people and communities, destroys other perspectives, and freedom of thought. A balance between the two can be beneficial for social, cultural, economic, and political growth. Synchrony is essential for a non-corrupt society, as too much of either ideology produces adverse effects.
Supply Chain Disruption Factors and Influences in Industrial Manufacturing and Technology Industries
Authors: Kar Adrish , Eaton Joshua , Liao Kristin
Published: April 2023

Objective: This paper investigates the main supply chain disruption factors and influences in a set of industrial manufacturing and technology industries as well as the relationships that exist between them. Background: Disruption factors are obstacles that impede a manufacturing company filling customer orders and are treated as the main causal factors in this study. The number of unfilled orders of an industry is any obligation to provide a good or service that has not been met and is used as the main response variable in this research. Methods: Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis are both variable reduction techniques that were utilized together in order to isolate latent constructs behind disruption factors and identify significant disruption factors contributing to the unfilled orders for each industry. Results: Across a majority of manufacturing industries, insufficient supply of materials, equipment limitations, logistics/transportation constraints, and storage limitations were observed to be amplified significantly as disruption factors by the pandemic. Conclusions: This research reveals the disruption factors that were exacerbated by the pandemic in a set of certain industrial manufacturing and technology industries that were not extensively examined by previous research and strongly corroborate existing literature on the general challenges imposed by the pandemic on supply chain networks. This work also provides a future research objective of improving supply chain resilience.
Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Targets and Mechanisms of Sang Ju Yin for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Li Isabelle
Published: April 2023

As the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) establishes its prevalence as a global health emergency, novel drugs and medications have become increasingly necessary for prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in containing the virus, and herbal formulas such as Sang Ju Yin have held substantial promise in reducing mortality rates and promoting recovery. However, the exact targets and mechanisms of Sang Ju Yin in COVID-19 treatment have not been extensively explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use network pharmacology to identify the interactions between Sang Ju Yin and COVID-19. A total of 170 active ingredients and 1476 targets of Sang Ju Yin were retrieved from multiple databases and combined with 1313 COVID-19 targets to obtain 233 common targets. These core targets were integrated into a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and active-ingredient-disease-target network using STRING and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using DAVID and Metascape to determine related biological processes and signaling pathways. The results indicate that Sang Ju Yin likely regulates inflammatory and immune responses in COVID-19 by targeting AKT1, IL-6, and MAPK3. The active ingredients luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin physically bind to and inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) required for viral invasion and replication. The results of this study provide evidence for the therapeutic effects of Sang Ju Yin on COVID-19 and support the application of TCM for treatment worldwide.
Predicting Wildfire Damage Versus Habitat Compatibility In Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes
Authors: Daulton Owen , Johnson Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Current research on this topic covers a large portion of external forces acting on the habitat of the endangered San Joaquin Kit Fox (SJKF). In spite of this, no sources currently exist which directly correlate fire damage with a SJKF ecosystem model. Because of the consistent and growing threat of wildfires in California, the topic of which species could be impacted by such an event is important to discuss. A comparison of GIS and satellite mapping data was used to find correlations between burn-damaged areas and those inhabited by foxes; additionally, field research in the Carrizo Plains case study region was conducted to compare the locations of dens with ecosystem fire threat level based on brush quality and density, as well as their relationship with ecosystem vectors’ preferred habitat. To draw conclusions and correlations on burn damage, open-source maps from several online sources were utilized. These maps were layered on one another to provide accurate representations of fire damage zones versus SJKF territory. The goal of the field research was to define the location of active fox dens within the Carrizo Plains case study region. These were compared to habitat type and ground cover as well as predator and prey visitation. From the compiled data and observations we can extrapolate that the SJKF would see an increase in activity following a fire due to the compatibility of habitat topography and the decreased visitation of coyotes; in other words, a post-burn habitat type would more closely match their preferred habitat.
Exploring the Effectiveness of a Peer to Peer Program on Special Education and General Education High School Students
Authors: Karr Lydia
Published: April 2023

This article explores the efficacy of a Peer to Peer program on improving the social and academic goals of high school students with developmental disabilities. Past uses of Peer to Peer have focused exclusively on students with Autism Spectrum Disorders, leaving a large gap yet to be explored among other developmental disabilities. The research follows a mixed methodology based on action research applied directly to five students in a general education setting over a four week period. During the four week period the interactions between the target student and the peer buddy were observed at least once a week and recorded. These observations occurred in tandem with weekly peer buddy surveys and meetings with the special education team. The researcher concluded that Peer to Peer was effective in improving the social and academic skills of the target students during the duration of the study. However, it was altogether inconclusive due to the limits of time and resources that existed for the researcher. With more research over a larger time period this approach to teaching special education students can be proved efficacious on a larger scale.
Concept for Solar Panel Recycling based on High-Temperature Density Separation
Authors: Hua Matthew , Imam Ramy
Published: April 2023

The ever-growing application of solar panels for renewable energy has resulted in a significant increase in solar panel waste that is both difficult to recycle and hazardous to the environment. In order to provide a potential solution to this problem, a novel recycling concept employing high-temperature density separation was developed. This was accomplished by firstly completing a thorough literature review on current recycling methods and calculating results using previous experimental and theoretical data. From the results, it was determined that high-temperature density separation has significant potential for making recycling a profitable practice for up to $290/tonne of solar panels. Compared to current recycling methods, high-temperature density separation possesses many benefits such as higher efficiency, potential for energy recovery, and lower environmental impact. This solar panel recycling solution has the potential to greatly improve the sustainability of the solar energy industry while also finding potential applications in other industries that require specialized processing of materials.
The Impact of the Baby Boom on the Society in the United States
Authors: Cui Zhihan , Jayasinghe Lakmali
Published: April 2023

The Baby Boom refers to the era of a group of Americans who were born from the 1940s to the 1960s. It is  best known for large population growth, which certainly brought major effects from many perspectives to the United  States. These influences existed since the first Baby Boomers born until today. This paper discusses specifically the  impact of the Baby Boom from economic, suburbanization, and healthcare system perspectives.
Virtual Reality and Mental Health Care
Authors: Damarla Rishikeshava
Published: April 2023

The current state of virtual reality is confined to the realm of video games, movies, and other entertainment forms. In recent years, however, VR has begun to make its way into the therapeutic realm. Virtual reality therapy is an emerging treatment for those with psychological disorders or social anxieties. This new form of therapy seeks to benefit from the immersive properties of virtual reality. VR treatment seeks to treat phobias by placing the patient in a virtual environment where they would come into contact with their anxiety-causing object or event. The aim is that, over time, patients would begin to show improvement in regards to their anxiety response when faced with real-world objects or events that invoke their fear. Further, VR treatment seeks to treat post-traumatic stress disorders by allowing patients to relive their trauma in a safe environment where they can watch themselves reenact the traumatic event. The goal is that patients would begin to build skills through practice that would be able to help them cope with actual situations of danger. The technology to create VR environments is already available, and the treatment methods are refined through clinical experiments with patients. VR has opened up a new avenue of understanding and treatment for those who suffer from psychological disorders, and it has the potential to be more effective than traditional therapeutic methods.
The Innate Influence of Colors on Learning
Authors: Gole Gargi , Pyland Kim
Published: April 2023

Color, a seemingly simple concept, has the power to predispose people to be attentive to certain colors. Colors have provided people with the chance to enhance their memories, with little effort. Color memory, as researchers have explored, is primarily innate, influencing much of the way humans store memories and thus the way learning occurs. Research has shown that learning can be made much more efficient with the help of certain colors, such as red. Certain colors significantly increase attention, which in turn has increased the capabilities of learning. By using colors while learning students are able to retain information more efficiently as information becomes part of their implicit memories. Learning can take place anywhere from classrooms to the workplace, one common factor in every place is color.
The Impact of Surgical Advancement of Transoral Robotic Surgery on the Safety of Patients
Authors: Rammohan Nikita
Published: April 2023

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a relatively new technological advancement in the surgical field of otolaryngology. However, there are many concerns of affordability, safety, patient expectations, and consent. This paper examines how the new surgical technology comes with a price many hospitals cannot afford, potentially compromising patient safety to gain a return on their investment. We analyze patient’s expectations as a reason for  risking their safety because there are certain cosmetic standards patients adhere to and opt for minimally invasive procedures, but put themselves in harm's way. We detail out the topic of informed consent, whereby surgeons cannot perform surgery and limit patients’ treatment options. Finally, this paper also examines the role of the FDA in ensuring the safety and efficacy of the TORS technology.
Is the Western Civilization in Decline?
Authors: Zhang Ningyuan , Sutherland Lauren
Published: April 2023

Under the status quo with the development and continued economic growth of some developing countries, historians begin to realize and discuss whether western civilization is in decline or not. This essay will display arguments from Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington. With their two different perspectives and framework of overlooking the world, the globe after the cold war can be demonstrated vividly. Analysis from traditional historians Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington is reasonable, but their over-generalization of western civilization is worth discussing. Commonly, commentaries from historians and scholars are too generalized and not precise since they often attribute the status and behaviors of one western country, such as the United States or the United Kingdom, to the entire Western civilization to comment on whether the Western civilization has declined or not. As a general term for all Western countries, Western civilization itself is too abstract. The model of using different “civilizations” to judge the world by concluding countries with different cultures and interests together is questionable.
Reading History from A Different Perspective: Making Students Care for History by Creating a Historical Fiction Short Story an Anthropomorphic Narrator
Authors: Quentel Caleb , North Hannah
Published: April 2023

Despite a disinterest in history class amongst high school students, young adult historical fiction is an immensely popular genre of novels. Teenagers interest in historical fiction gives authors the unique opportunity to present perspectives of historical events that differ from the predominant narrative using an anthropomorphic narrator. This study investigated whether a historical fiction short story with an anthropomorphic narrator could be used to emotionally invest and interest students more in history than a history class. Participants read a short story about the Battle of Messines, a battle that occurred during World War I, through the perspective of the wind. They then read an article called “This Explosion Was the Biggest Blast Before Atomic Bombs” and a diary from a World War I memoir entitled At Messines Ridge in 1917 to simulate reading material typically found in a history class. They then answered two questionnaires gauging their emotional investment and interest in the subject matter. This study found that short story emotional invested and interested them more in history than the material typically used in a history class.
Public Health Strategies to Mitigate the Next Pandemic
Authors: Surana Ritika
Published: April 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 6 million deaths as of July 2022, making it the most significant global health crisis since 1918. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic due to its rapid spread around the world. Many countries were unprepared for such a pandemic, which resulted in a loss of life as well as economic and political consequences for all countries. In response to the pandemic, nations used a variety of strategies. While some measures were highly effective at combating the pandemic, others were not. To reduce the negative impact of an unmitigated viral spread, governments must prepare for the next pandemic. In addition to hospitals and medical workers, the COVID-19 outbreak also affected the economy, mental health, and education. This proposal suggests a plan to enhance weak governmental responses with actionable steps such as implementing mandatory mask use, stay-at-home orders, testing and contact tracing procedures, immunization against the virus, and enhancing public awareness.
Comparison of Root Canal vs. Dental Implant: Outcome and Success Rates
Authors: Nguyen Vincent
Published: April 2023

Tooth decay (cavity) has the potential to affect all parts of the tooth, which include: enamel, dentin, and the pulp (nerve of the tooth). Tooth decay is caused by poor hygiene which leads to different sugars accumulating in the mouth, producing bacteria. As the cavity grows in size and when the cavity has reached the pulp, more extensive treatment may be needed. Because dental cavities is the most common non-communicable disease worldwide, knowing the effectiveness of several treatments is very important to maintain good oral-health. In adult patients with detrimental cavities or infections, a root canal or implant are two possible treatments that follow the standard of care. A systematic review will be conducted to evaluate whether root canal treatment or implant placement has a higher success and better outcome. Information will be gathered from multiple research articles to draw a conclusion. A root canal option requires the patient to maintain a much stringent oral hygiene routine and follow up with maintenance visits at the dental office. However, an implant is a surgical procedure that may take time to osseointegrate and thus requires more patience and follow up visits from the patient. Although a root canal or an implant are two ways of successfully treating a cavity or infection, our research shows a root canal has a higher success rate and thus should be explored more carefully as a viable treatment option by a patient.
The Impact of Grocery Stores’ Marketing Strategies on the Purchasing Decisions of Consumers
Authors: Chao Maria , Vajner Deborah
Published: April 2023

What impacts people’s food choices in the United States? Although unhealthy eating habits can be due to personal decisions, marketing strategies by grocery stores can ultimately influence consumers’ decisions. Previous research has demonstrated factors that influence purchasing decisions and marketing strategies employed by grocery stores; however, research is limited in connecting consumers’ purchasing habits with stores’ marketing strategies. The aim of this research study was to determine if specific strategies by grocery stores influenced consumers’ ultimate purchasing decisions. Qualitative and quantitative surveys were conducted to determine what factors influenced purchasing decisions. For the first survey, 140 adults and adolescents were randomly surveyed online to determine food choices and buying habits. In addition, grocery store managers were interviewed to determine various strategies implemented to influence consumers. For the second survey, 81 adult consumers took an online survey to state what marketing strategies influenced them. Responses were then analyzed to determine the connection between why consumers bought certain foods and how they were influenced by stores to purchase these foods. Findings show that price, taste, and convenience were the most influential factors. Consumers also shop at grocery stores based on the variety of products, the discounts, and the reputation of the stores. Stores with a wide variety of fresh and natural foods on sale could potentially steer consumers to healthier eating options and thus, impact obesity rates in the United States.
Bonded Labor in India
Authors: Hegde Anvika , Prasad Kiran
Published: April 2023

Slavery is not a relic of the past, there are approximately 40 million people worldwide that live in some form of modern slavery. Unlike the widely visible slavery that existed in the new world a few hundred years ago, modern slavery is less visible. It exists in the form of bonded labor, forced marriages, and human trafficking. In this paper, we focus on bonded labor. Approximately 1.1% of South Asia’s population is still in bonded labor. South Asia is a hot spot for this form of slavery due to a unique confluence of poverty, social practices, and lax laws or enforcement. The paper focuses on a study that included interviews with seventeen current or freed bonded laborers in the Chikkaballapur area (near Bengaluru city in South India). The goal of the study was to understand - Why do people go into bonded labor? Why do they stay in bonded labor? How can they be freed and rehabilitated? What are their experiences post-freedom? The study examines the responses from bonded laborers in the context of the current literature on bonded labor in Asia. The study also examines the efforts of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), Jeevika, including its efforts, strategies, and the challenges faced in freeing bonded laborers in Karnataka (a state in southern India).
An In-depth Analysis of Symmetries and their Implications in Physics
Authors: Yao Emma
Published: April 2023

The concept of symmetry is essential in understanding classical and quantum physics. Symmetry describes a system that remains unchanged in structure and behavior after undergoing a transformation. In this paper, I will describe the implications of symmetries (global and gauge) in Newton’s laws of mechanics, Maxwell’s electromagnetism equations, and quantum particle physics – in particular the Higgs mechanism – with the help of Noether’s Theorem. Purely based on symmetrical elements, this paper will then determine the isospin composition of pions given certain restraints. This solution will connect findings in preceding theories to current and future studies relevant to the subject of symmetry in physics.
Inducible CRISPR/Cas9 Systems in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tummala Praneeth , Dunn Connor
Published: April 2023

Inducible clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeats with the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system are a legitimate avenue for treating Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, introduced in 2012, is a breakthrough gene-editing mechanism that can be used to modify genomes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s. Until now, a majority of CRISPR/Cas9 approaches have been geared towards treating the symptoms of these diseases rather than the causes themselves. Drug inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems provide more avenues for novel treatments of Parkinson's and Huntington’s diseases that target the genetic causes of these diseases rather than the symptoms. Although there are many limitations to CRISPR, such as delivery methods and target specificity, many improvements are being implemented to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
Skin Cancer: The Ozone Layer and UV Radiation
Authors: Kwon Jimmy , Kethar Jothsna , Appavu Rajagopal
Published: April 2023

The ozone layer is a thin, invisible layer that protects life on earth. It is made up of several ozone molecules that are recreated and destroyed by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation, commonly known as UV radiation, is not visible to the human eye and exhibits wavelengths from 10 to 400 nm. UV radiation has three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. The ozone layer completely absorbs UVC, mostly absorbs UVB, and slightly absorbs UVA. UVB and UVA radiation are the primary non-genetic factors for skin cancer and disease. UV radiation causes DNA damage, resulting in uncontrolled cellular growth of cancerous cells and mutations. Types of skin cancer are divided into melanoma and nonmelanoma. Both are commonly marked by abnormal formations on the skin. This research paper uses statistics and data on the ozone layer, UVR, and skin cancer to highlight the correlation between these three factors. The ozone layer directly affects the penetration of UVR into the atmosphere; UVR directly affects the generation of skin cancer. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the relationship between the ozone layer and UVR exposure is vital to preventing skin cancer.
Investigating the Role of Prescription Drugs on the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Li Joseph , Murdoch Heather
Published: April 2023

The effect of prescription drugs on gut microbiome is a relevant and under-researched issue in the modern medicine-dependent world. The gut plays an important role in body function, and dysbiosis can influence the development of conditions such as obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic reactions and many other human diseases. In this study we systematically organize and compare different commonly used prescription drugs. Studies based on murine and human subjects were analyzed on each of the three following classes: opioids, antidepressants, and marijuana to understand the role that these play on the microbiome. Opioids and antidepressants were shown to significantly change and modulate the microbial composition found in the gut that is associated with disease. Marijuana demonstrated the most conflicting results out of all three classes and needs further investigation. This information is significant for patients that are currently using these drugs as well as physicians to understand the role that these drugs play inadvertently, and to inform physicians to be more cautious when prescribing these drugs.
Relationship Between Depression, Social Isolation, and Well-Being Among Older Adults
Authors: Sharma Anjaney
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective 

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between mental health, marital status, social isolation and loneliness among a sample of older adults at an old age care facility.  

Method 

Older adults (N = 26)  above the age of 70 completed a survey for conditions of depression, isolation, social well-being, physical health, and marital status.

Results 

There was no significant association found between poorer well-being and depression, p=.863. Marital status in older adults did not make a difference on levels of depression, p=.791. There was a significant association between higher levels of social isolation and higher loneliness and well-being, ps < .001.

Discussion 

These findings suggest that even older adults who are socially isolated in a community home may experience poorer mental health and physical health outcomes.
Using CRISPR-Cas9 In Human Fetuses to Prevent Trisomy 16 and Trisomy 22 Induced Miscarriages
Authors: Qin Emily , Guilz Nicole
Published: April 2023

About 50% of abortions have been found to be caused by aneuploidy, roughly 60% of which are trisomy. The most common trisomy occurs on chromosome 16, 21, and 22. However, trisomy 21 (also called Down Syndrome) is viable in about 57% of cases, while trisomy 16 and 22 result in miscarriage in nearly every pregnancy. Thus, additional therapies and treatments must be explored, especially through quickly advancing techniques such as gene editing. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) combined with the cleaving endonuclease CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) harbors potential for targeted chromosome deletion, possibly increasing the chance of survival in fetuses with trisomy 16 or 22. However, the risks and safety benefits during genetic diagnosing and potential treatment of the fetus should also be considered. Successfully demonstrated approaches of editing or eliminating extraneous chromosomes in studies of both animal models and lab-cultured human embryos will be discussed. In particular, this paper will examine possible gene editing approaches such as elimination of entire chromosomes, large-scale deletions, and chromosomal truncations to target trisomy. In order to determine the efficacy of these approaches in trisomy, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 to specifically treat trisomy via autosomal deletion and counter-selection markers will be deliberated. Delivery methods for the in-utero therapy includes viral techniques such as retroviruses and adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) as well as non-viral techniques like electroporation and nanoparticles. This paper will propose hypothetical treatments for CRISPR-Cas9 in human embryos to target trisomy 16 and 22 while also examining the bioethical implications of doing so.
Haiti Global Risk Analysis: AgBiome Case Study
Authors: Hoey Mackenzie , Aziz Maha
Published: April 2023

In recent years, Haiti’s 11 million people have experienced a multitude of devastating crises. Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the nation has seen its legislative bodies collapse, former President Jovenel Moïse fatally assassinated in his home, and a major earthquake on August 14, 2021 devastate its infrastructure. Gang violence has exacerbated inequalities between the political elite and the poor and places innocent civilians at considerable risk. Most recently, Haiti’s political situation has significantly deteriorated, as powerful gang alliances move towards the capital city of Port-au-Prince and seek to occupy the region. The highly unstable, corrupt government is becoming increasingly vulnerable to gang control, creating a key political risk for both citizens and outside investors. The effects of violence and lawlessness translate into dangerous social risks, as certain demographic groups are frequent victims of assault and violence and the overall humanitarian crisis continues to worsen. For Haiti specifically, its political and social risks warrant the greatest attention in 2022 and beyond.
Huawei: Caught in the Whirlwind of the U.S.-China High-Tech War
Authors: Zhang Qixin , Von Winckelmann Stacy
Published: April 2023

Founded in Shenzhen, China in 1987, Huawei was Ren Zhengfei’s startup that first served as a rural sales agent for network-based corporations. Now, Huawei identifies as a leader in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector that strives to create an increasingly connected, digitalized, and intelligent environment for all. Three core components of Huawei’s early success are open innovation, tactful international strategy, and customer-centricity. Huawei’s heavy investments in open innovation and R&D allow it to achieve extraordinary industry breakthroughs. By debuting in developing regions such as Africa first, Huawei builds the necessary skills needed to tackle developed regions such as Europe. Additionally, Huawei continuously adapts through customer feedback, thus providing superb customer service. Because of the escalating tensions between China and the United States since the Trump administration, the U.S. sees Huawei as part of the Chinese government’s agenda to extend its influence over the digital world. As such, the U.S. declared Huawei a national security hazard because of its potential to be used for espionage and sabotage. It also embarked on a global campaign to strongly advise its European allies to refrain from using Huawei’s services and products. Though European countries have responded on a continuum from avoidance to compliance, all took measures to strengthen their telecom policies explicitly or implicitly. In response to the accusations, Huawei has remained firm in denying ties to the state Communist Party, promising never to disclose private customer data to outside parties for any reason.
Perilaku Hand Hygiene Pada Keluarga Pasien Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Ginting Elvina
Published: April 2023

Hand hygiene adalah aspek yang paling penting untuk mencegah transmisi mikrobakteri patogen dan mencegah Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). Kesadaran hand hygiene pada petugas kesehatan merupakan perilaku yang mendasar dalam upaya mencegah infeksi silang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Untuk Mengetahui Perilaku Hand Hygiene Pada Keluarga  Di Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2020. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian  deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini keluarga pasien yang Diruangan Rawat Inap (St.Maria – Martha, St. Fransiskus, St. Ignasius) Di Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Medan berjumlah 40 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisa data uji Personal Product Moment. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas keluarga yang mengalami pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 21 orang (52,5%), keluarga yang bersikap cukup sebanyak 24 orang (60,0%), keluarga yang melakukan tindakan  five moment mayoritas cukup terdapat 25 orang (62,5%). Diharapkan perlu memperhatikan prosedur dalam melakukan tindakan hand hygiene terutama pada keluarga pasien dan lebih memperhatikan serta melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang pentingnya hand hygiene.
Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus Umur 40-60 Tahun di Desa Bara Batu Kecamatan Pangkep
Authors: Denggos Yohanes
Published: April 2023

Diabetes melitus atau yang biasa masyarakat pada umumnya menyebutnya dengan penyakit kencing manis merupakan penyakit menahun yang dapat diderita seumur hidup. Diabetes memiliki 2 tipe yakni diabetes melitus tipe 1 yang merupakan hasil dari reaksi autoimun terhadap protein sel pulau pankreas, kemudian diabetes tipe 2 yang mana disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor genetik yang berhubungan dengan gangguan sekresi insulin, resistensi insulin dan faktor lingkungan seperti obesitas, makan berlebihan, kurang makan, olahraga dan stres, serta penuaan. Review ini membahas mengenai etiologi, patofisiologi, gejala, penyebab, cara pemeriksaan, cara pengobatan serta cara pencegahan penyakit diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan situasi ataui area populasi tertentu faktual secara sistematis dan akurat atau dapat pula diartikian sebagai penelitian yang memotret fenomena yang terjadi sekarang. Penyakit diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit yang memiliki 2 tipe yaitu diabetes tipe 1 dan diabetes tipe 2. Pada diabetes tipe 1 berasal dari faktor genetik, lingkungan, usia dan faktor lain dan pada diabetes tipe 2 faktornya antara lain gaya hidup dan obesitas.
Analisis Rentabilitas Dan Solvabilitas Sebagai Dasar Penilaian Tingkat Efisiensi Penggunaan Modal Pada PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. Kediri
Authors: Hirmantono Agung , Maharani Ayu Maretta
Published: April 2023

Analisis rentabilitas dan solvabilitas sebagai dasar penilaian tingkat efisiensi penggunaan modal pada PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. Kediri. Perusahaan Rokok PT. GUDANG GARAM Tbk. dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya dari tahun ke tahun mempunyai laporan keuangan yang cukup baik, namun kondisi keuangan yang cukup baik belum mencerminkan tercapainya analisa rentabilitas dan solvabilitas sehingga efisiensi penggunaan modalnya belum tercapai dan penggunaan modal dalam operasional perusahaan mengalami pemborosan, dengan dilakukan analisa efisiensi penggunaan modal dari tahun ke tahun dapat membandingkan antara biaya modal sendiri dengan modal hutang.

 Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif induktif. analisa kualitatif model Miles and Huberman. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan PT. GUDANG GARAM Tbk. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah data keuangan pada pada PT. GUDANG GARAM Tbk. Berupa Neraca dan Laporan Laba Rugi tahunan pada tahun 2019 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisa kualitatif model Miles and Huberman

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Perkembangan tingkat rentabilitas perusahaan mengalami fluktuasi, hal ini dapat dilihat pada hasil pengembalian atas aset pada tahun 2019 sebesar 9,4%, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 8,6%, kemudian naik pada tahun 2021 menjadi 9,3%. (2) Perkembangan tingkat solvabilitas perusahaan mengalami peningkatan, hal ini dapat dilihat pada rasio utang terhadap aset pada tahun 2019 sebesar 35,9%, tahun 2020 naik menjadi 42,1%, kemudian naik lagi pada tahun 2021 menjadi 42,9%. (3) Nilai perusahaan Rokok PT.Gudang Garam tahun 2019 - 2020 tidak mengalami perubahan. Sedangkan tahun 2020 - 2021 nilai perusahaan mengalami peningkatan yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh total biaya modal mengalami penurunan.

Perkembangan tingkat rentabilitas perusahaan mengalami fluktuasi. Perkembangan tingkat solvabilitas perusahaan mengalami peningkatan. Nilai perusahaan Rokok PT. Gudang Garam tahun 2019 - 2020 tidak mengalami perubahan. Sedangkan tahun 2020 -2021 nilai perusahaan mengalami peningkatan yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh total biaya modal mengalami penurunan.
BMT (BAITUL MAAL WA TAMWIL) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN Studi Kasus Pada BMT At Tajdid Temayang Bojonegoro
Authors: Khasanah Ulfatul , Hirmantono Agung
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran BMT At-Tajdid Temayang Bojonegoro sebagai alternatif pembiayaan. Obyek penelitian adalah BMT At-Tajdid Temayang Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan teknik observasi, dan wawancara. Observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti dengan terlibat langsung dengan pengurus dan nasabah BMT At-Tajdid Temayang Bojonegoro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BMT At-Tajdid berperan aktif dalam pemberian modal dan pendampingan. Pemberian modal diberikan BMT At-Tajdid dilakukan melalui produk pembiayaan yang ditawarkan, hal ini bertujuan agar pelaku usaha yang melakukan pembiayaan dapat memiliki modal yang cukup untuk membangun, mempertahankan atau mengembangkan usahanya. Sedangkan pendampingan dilakukan BMT At-Tajdid dengan tujuan untuk menambah wawasan dan skill pelaku usaha
KINERJA PEGAWAI: BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Hermananta Bima Wahyu , Rokhman Taufiq Noor , Wobowo Nurrokhman
Published: April 2023

An organization whether it is profit and public services are required to be able to show their best performance consistently in order to achieve organizational goals. One of the factors that determine the achievement of organizational goals is the performance of human resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on job satisfaction and employee performance. In accordance with the subject matter and purpose of the research that has been formulated, then this kind of research is explanatory research. The sample in this study was 103 employees. The analytical tool used is path analysis. Based on the analysis of evidence that organizational culture and work motivation influence on job satisfaction, organizational culture, motivation and job satisfaction influence on employee performance. Job satisfaction may mediate the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on employee performance. In order to improve employee performance, Institutions need to create a good organizational culture that is applied on the ability of the completion of the work, in addition, employees need to be motivated more by policies decided upon as creating a conducive working environment, providing fasiitas and facilities that support, and more consider the form of awards for employees
Pengaruh Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Modal Kerja Pada UD. Manalu
Authors: Pangaribuan Daniel Parulian , Pohan Safriadi , Panggabean Yusi Tri Utari
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Modal Kerja Pada UD. Manalu. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah Ada Pengaruh Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Modal Kerja Pada UD. Manalu. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian asosiatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah data laporan keuangan 5 tahun yakni tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2021. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi pustaka dan pengumpulan data sekunder, sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah penulis menggunakan metode Koefisien Korelasi, Analisis Regresi Sederhana, dan metode Analisa Rasio. Perputaran piutang setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, dimana rasio perputaran piutang tahun 2017 sebesar 20,04 kali, tahun 2018 sebesar 19,7 kali, tahun 2019 sebesar 19,9kali, tahun 2020 sebesar 20,7 kali, tahun 2021 sebesar 20,1 kali. Rasio modal kerja setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan tahun 2017 sebesar 6,9, tahun 2018 sebesar 7,4 tahun 2019 sebesar 7,7 tahun 2020 sebesar 8, 1 tahun 2021 sebesar 8,5  Koefisien korelasi diperoleh 0,69 ini menggambarkan bahwa hubungan antara perputaran piutang terhadap modal kerja adalah kuat dan mempunyai hubungan yang positif. Persamaan model regresi linear sederhana diperoleh,Y = 4,165 + 0,574 menunjukkan ke arah positif.

 

Kata Kunci: Perputaran Piutang dan Modal Kerja