bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital economy development and the urban-rural income gap: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Deng Xiang , Guo Meng , Liu Yuyan
Published: February 2023

The growth of the digital economy has created new forms of inequality of opportunity. This paper studies whether the development of the digital economy expands the income gap between urban and rural areas from theoretical and empirical. The research based on the panel data of 202 cities from 2011 to 2019 in China shows that: (1) Although the digital economy can promote the improvement of both urban and rural absolute income levels, it has a greater positive impact on urban residents’ income levels than on rural residents’, resulting in a widening of the urban-rural income gap. (2) The analysis of the action mechanism reveals that employment in the information service industry and the depth of digital finance use are two crucial mechanisms for the digital economy to widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. (3) The spatial Durbin model(SDM) and the spatial error model(SEM) based on three spatial weight matrices show that the impact of the digital economy on the urban-rural income gap is also characterized by spatial spillover, and the development of the digital economy will also have a negative impact on the urban-rural income gap in neighboring regions as well. (4) The main conclusions still hold after the robustness of quasi-natural experiments based on the strategy of "Broadband China" and the selection of historical data as instrumental variables. This research is helpful to understand the effects, mechanisms and spatial characteristics of digital economy on urban-rural income gap.
HR LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of Yucca aloifolia fruit and the potential neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats
Authors: Ali Dalia E. , Bassam Samar M. , Elatrebi Soha , Habiba Esraa S. , Allam Eman A. , Omar Eman M. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Abdulmalek Shaymaa A. , Abdel-Sattar Essam
Published: February 2023

Yucca aloifoliaL. fruit (Yuccaor Spanish bayonet, family Asparagaceae) is recognized for its purplish red color reflecting its anthocyanin content, which has a powerful antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate yucca (YA) fruit extract’s protective effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD).In vitrostudy, the anti-inflammatory activity of yucca fruit extracts was explored by measuring tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) to choose the most effective extract. Afterward, a detailedin vivoinvestigation of the protective effect of the most active extract on rotenone-induced PD was performed on male albino Wister rats. First, the safety of the extract in two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg in 0.9% saline orally) was confirmed by a toxicological study. The rats were divided into four groups: 1) normal control (NC); 2) rotenone group; and third and fourth groups received 50 and 100 mg/kg yucca extract, respectively. The neurobehavioral and locomotor activities of the rats were tested by rotarod, open field, and forced swim tests. Striatal dopamine, renal and liver functions, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Western blot analysis of brain tissue samples was performed for p-AMPK, Wnt3a, and β-catenin. Histopathological examination of striatal tissue samples was performed by light and electron microscopy (EM). The metabolites of the active extract were characterized using high-resolution LC-MS/MS, and the results showed the prevalence of anthocyanins, saponins, phenolics, and choline. Biochemical and histopathological tests revealed a dose-dependent improvement with oralYuccaextract. The current study suggests a possible neuroprotective effect of the acidified 50% ethanol extract (YA-C) of the edibleYuccafruit, making it a promising therapeutic target for PD.
Targeting prolyl-tRNA synthetase via a series of ATP-mimetics to accelerate drug discovery against toxoplasmosis
Authors: Yogavel Manickam , Bougdour Alexandre , Mishra Siddhartha , Malhotra Nipun , Chhibber-Goel Jyoti , Bellini Valeria , Harlos Karl , Laleu Benoît , Hakimi Mohamed-Ali , Sharma Amit
Published: February 2023

The prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) is a validated drug target for febrifugine and its synthetic analog halofuginone (HFG) against multiple apicomplexan parasites including Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Here, a novel ATP-mimetic centered on 1-(pyridin-4-yl) pyrrolidin-2-one (PPL) scaffold has been validated to bind to Toxoplasma gondii PRS and kill toxoplasma parasites. PPL series exhibited potent inhibition at the cellular (T. gondii parasites) and enzymatic (TgPRS) levels compared to the human counterparts. Cell-based chemical mutagenesis was employed to determine the mechanism of action via a forward genetic screen. Tg-resistant parasites were analyzed with wild-type strain by RNA-seq to identify mutations in the coding sequence conferring drug resistance by computational analysis of variants. DNA sequencing established two mutations, T477A and T592S, proximal to terminals of the PPL scaffold and not directly in the ATP, tRNA, or L-pro sites, as supported by the structural data from high-resolution crystal structures of drug-bound enzyme complexes. These data provide an avenue for structure-based activity enhancement of this chemical series as anti-infectives.
The catcher in an imaginary America: The perverse domestication of American reality in Krzysztof Zanussi’s Holden (1961)
Authors: Szymkowska-Bartyzel Jolanta
Published: February 2023

The year 2021 marked the seventieth anniversary of the publication of J. D. Salinger’sThe Catcher in the Rye, and the sixtieth of what is to date the only film adaptation of the novel. In 1961 the 22-year-old Krzysztof Zanussi made from behind the Iron Curtain, a short film entitledHolden, which referred directly to the novel’s characters and events. He did this despite Salinger’s ban on any form of adaptation of his work. The film, although faithful to the source novel, had a perversely Polish flavour. This article takes a translation studies approach to the discussion of how the specific sociopolitical circumstances in which the adaptation was made resonate in Zanussi’s picture. The focus is on the ways in which the concept of an imaginary America, so vivid and emotionally powerful among the Polish youth of the 1960s, determined the film’s narrative and domesticated the source text.
Public diplomacy, collaborative power & law community
Authors: Santos Niedja
Published: February 2023

This paper argues that awareness over public diplomacy and collaborative power as relevant resources in the toolbox of the law community may be useful for overcoming barriers related to culture and values. In this context, law practitioners are encouraged to focus on shared interests to get the best solutions for solving undecidabilities. The international relations perspective rather than law studies grounds this paper. After introduction, section two contextualizes the undecidability issue in the globalization era, as well as respective challenges posed to the law community regarding culture and values. Subsequently, section three exposes the public diplomacy concept while section four highlights the role of collaborative power in this realm. Then, this paper reflects on how public diplomacy and collaborative power can become relevant instruments of law practitioners. Finally, the conclusion summarizes main thoughts and highlights findings.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran ICARE Pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus Kelas VIII D MTsN 9 Bantul
Authors: Shofiyati Noor
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran ICARE terhadap keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi persamaan garis lurus kelas VIII D MTsN 9 Bantul.

Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, dengan metode pengumpulan data dokumentasi, observasi dan tes.  Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 32 siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase deskriptif.

Hasil – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada hasil pada siklus I menunjukkan skor rata-rata keaktifan siswa pada siklus I sebesar 2,5 (kategori sedang), pada siklus II sebesar 2,9 (kategori sedang), dan siklus III sebesar 3,2 (kategori tinggi). Maka model ICARE dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa.  Sedangkan untuk hasil belajar pada siklus I menunjukkan nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 67,19 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 31%. Pada siklus II sebesar 79,59 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 56%. Pada siklus III nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 83,16 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 88%. Dengan demikian terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar. Maka model ICARE dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Pembelajaran Fisika Model SOUTING Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Alfatah Arif
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pembelajaran fisika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SOUTING pada siswa kelas XI MIA 3 MA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Metode – Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan model penelitian Kemis dan Mc Taggart. Model Mc Taggart ini terdiri dari empat komponen yang berurutan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi, yang dalam pelaksanaan dan pengamatannya dilakukan secara bersamaan. Artinya pengamatan dilakukan pada saat proses pembelajaran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas XI MIA 3, yang berjumlah 29 orang siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis diskriptif, yaitu membandingkan hasil belajar (nilai tes Ulangan Harian) antar bab materi fisika dengan indikator kinerja sebelum dan sesudah diberi tindakan, juga menampilkan hasil pengamatan efektifitas pembelajaran. Nilai hasil tes ulangan harian di analisis dengan progam aplikasi ANABUT yang mencakup analisi rerata KKM, persentase ketuntasan belajar, analisis butir soal, dan daya serap soal..

Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terjadi kenaikan persentase efisiensi belajar siswa setelah setelah diterapkan model SOUTING, dengan peningkatan efisiensi belajar siswa sebesar 9% untuk siklus 1 dan 22% untuk siklus 2. Penelitian lebih lanjut akan lebih baik jika instrumen-instrumen pengukuran ditingkatkan jumlahnya dan membahas materi bab yang sama atau ada kemiripan.
Meningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Kimia Materi Reaksi Redoks Menggunakan Model PjBL di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Bowo Bowo
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar kimia materi reaksi redoks menggunakan Model PjBL (Project Based Learning) pada peserta didik Kelas X MIA 1 MA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Metode – Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan model penelitian Kemis dan Mc Taggart. Model Mc Taggart ini terdiri dari empat komponen yang berurutan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas X MIA 1 MA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta berjumlah 33 orang siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan wawancara. Adapun indikator  keberhasilan  penelitian  tindakan  kelas  ini  adalah  terjadinya peningkatan   skor   rata-rata   keaktifan siswa materi reaksi redoks pada tiap siklus dan mencapai ketuntasan klasikal ≥80%.  

Hasil – Temuan - Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata skor kualitas kegiatan belajar siswa adalah 73,5 dengan persentase ideal sebesar 66,8% sehingga hasil tersebut dapat dikategorikan sangat baik. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata adalah 103 dengan rasio sempurna 93,6% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik pada siklus II dari penilaian guru kolaborator. Sebagai pembanding evaluasi oleh siswa memperoleh skor rata-rata 77,2 dengan persentase ideal 70,2%, sehingga termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik pada siklus I dan skor rata-rata 102,6 dengan rasio sempurna 93,3%, sehingga termasuk dalam kelas sangat baik pada siklus II.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Fisika Materi Vektor Melalui Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas X
Authors: Mutiasih Lina
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Fisika materi vektor dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada siswa kelas X MIPA 3 MAN  1 Bantul.

Metode – Penelitian tindakan kelas ini terdiri dari dua siklus, masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin di capai. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua (2) kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, antara lain observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis deskriptif. Sedangkan indikator keberhasilan, sekurang-kurangnya 75%, peserta didik dapat memahami materi Vektor, ketuntasan belajarnya mencapai 80%, peserta didik memperoleh  nilai > 75, memiliki aktivitas siswa meningkat sekurang-kurangnya 75%.

Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penggunaan model pembelajaran dengan  menerapkan  problem based learning dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar fisika peserta didik  kelas X MIPA3 semester I di MAN 1 Bantul Tahun Pelajaran 2022-2023 yang dibuktikan dengan rata-rata persentase aktivitas  pada siklus I sebesr 76,87%, sedangkan rata-rata persentase aktivitas  pada siklus II sebesr 81,46%. Sedangkan untuk hasil belajar fisika juga mengalami peningkatan. Persentase siklus I dari pretest besarnya ketuntasan 28,17% dan postest dengan ketuntasan 75,00. Adapun Persentase siklus II dari pretest ketuntasan sebesar 66,67%  dan  posttest ketuntasan sebesar 100%  dengan nilai rata-rata 81,00.
Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru MIN 11 Gunungkidul Melalui Manajemen Kepala Madrasah
Authors: Risdiyanto Risdiyanto
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara spesifik usaha yang dilakukan kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru MIN 11 Gunungkidul.

Metode – Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus, yaitu mencoba mempelajari suatu fenomena dalam konteks yang nyata. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 13 guru MIN 11 Gunungkidul. Guru dan kepala madrasah menjadi sumber data utama, sedangkan madrasah dijadikan sebagai obyek lembaga/organisasi kajian pada penelitian ini. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua guru MIN 11 Gunungkidul yang telah ditetapkan dengan aturan sebagai guru kelas dan guru mata pelajaran. Pedoman wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi sebagai instrument penelitian. analisis data dilakukan secara induktif, yaitu dari data rinci yang spesifik kepada kategori dan sub kategori yang bersifat umum, yang dibangun berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian.

Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan bahwa kemampuan konseptual meliputi perumusan program kerja madrasah, Rencana Jangka pendek, menengah, dan Jangka panjang yang merupakan akumulasi dari visi madrasah. Adapun kemampuan teknis kepala madrasah dalam hal pembenahan pembelajaran dengan upaya-upaya pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran di MIN 11 Gunungkidul. Kemampuan menjalin hubungan manusia yakni dengan menjaga hubungan emanusiaan  dengan  para  guru, stafnya dan stekholder pendidikan yang memiliki kaitan dengan pengembangan madrasah.  Kemudian, Pelaksanaan supervisi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MIN 11 Gunungkidul dilakukan dengan tiga pola yaitu: Pengawasan Kepala Madrasah dalam hal pengawasan pembelajaran, mengadakan rapat dan penerapan disiplin aturan madrasah. Program Pengembangan guru dengan langkah mengadakan pelatihan bagi guru, mengikuti  kegiatan  kelompok  kerja  guru  (KKG)  tingkat  MIN 11 Gunungkidul dan  Wilayah, mengikuti musyawarah guru mata pelajaran (MGMP) dan tugas belajar ke jenjang lebih tingi. Adapun evaluasi kepala MIN 11 Gunungkidul dilakukan dengan evaluasi terhadap program yang dilakukan. Adapun implikasi supervisi kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MIN 11 Gunungkidul, meliputi: Efektifitas Pembelajaran, peningkatan Mutu Guru/SDM dan peningkatan kinerja guru
Penggunaan Media Kartu Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Mufradat Bahasa Arab Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Anggraini Erina Kusuma
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan mufradat siswa kelas IX A MTsN 5 Sleman dengan penerapan media kartu bergambar.

Metode – Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom Action Research). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memfokuskan dalam peningkatan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab melalui media kartu bergambar. Rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang dimulai dari menyusun perencanaan, melaksanakan tindakan (aksi), melakukan observasi, dan mengadakan refleksi. subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX A dengan jumlah 30 siswa. Dalam memperoleh data, penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes evaluasi yang diberikan pada setiap siklusnya.

Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh data pada tahapan pra-tindakan, kategori siswa yang belum menguasai mufradat sebesar 40% dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 12 siswa, kategori cukup menguasai sebesar 33,3% dengan jumlah 10 siswa, dan 26,7% untuk kategori sudah menguasai dengan jumlah 8 siswa. Sedangkan pada tahap siklus I, kategori siswa yang belum menguasai mufradat sebesar 26,7% dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 8 siswa, kategori cukup menguasai sebesar 30% dengan jumlah 9 siswa, dan 43,3% untuk kategori sudah menguasai dengan jumlah 13 siswa. Terakhir pada tahap siklus II, untuk kategori siswa yang belum menguasai mufradat sebesar 13,3% dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 4 siswa, kategori cukup menguasai sebesar 20,3% dengan jumlah 6 siswa, dan 66,7% untuk kategori sudah menguasai dengan jumlah 20 siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray dalam Meningkatkan Kecakapan Abad 21 Siswa Madrasah Aliyah pada Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Nurhayanti Nurhayanti
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kecakapan abad 21 siswa MAN 3 Kulonprogo dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe two stay two stray.

Metode – Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan model penelitian Kemis dan Mc Taggart. Model Mc Taggart ini terdiri dari empat komponen yang berurutan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi, yang dalam pelaksanaan dan pengamatannya dilakukan secara bersamaan. Artinya pengamatan dilakukan pada saat proses pembelajaran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas XII MIPA2 MAN 3 Kulonprogo, yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif menggunakan persentase.

Hasil – Berdasarkan analisis data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray efektik untuk mengembangkan kecakapan Abad 21  siswa Kelas XII MIPA MAN 3 Kulon Progo pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak dengan Penerapan Mastery Learning
Authors: Suyawati Dewi Prasari
Published: February 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar dengan penerapan model pembelajaran mastery learning pada peserta didik Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Gunungkidul kelas XI IPS 2.

Metode – Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan model penelitian Kemis dan Mc Taggart. Model Mc Taggart ini terdiri dari empat komponen yang berurutan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas XI IPS 2 MAN 1 Gunungkidul, yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi, dan tes. Adapun indikator  keberhasilan  penelitian  tindakan  kelas  ini  adalah  terjadinya peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak pada tiap siklus dan mencapai ketuntasan klasikal ≥80%. Adapun Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) untuk mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak adalah 70. Dalam artian bahwa apabila banyaknya siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥75 telah mencapai 80%, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa di kelas tersebut tuntas secara klasikal

Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dipaparkan di atas, menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan dari kondisi awal, siklus I, dan siklus I terus mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan persentase peserta didik yang keaktifannya dengan kategori rendah terus mengalami penurunan, yakni 75% (awal), 10% (siklus I), dan 0% (siklus II). Untuk yang kategorinya sedang dari 20% (awal), 83,33% (siklus I), dan 10% (siklus II). Sedangkan kategori tinggi dari 5% (awal), 6,67% (siklus I), dan 90% (siklus II). Adapun hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan tindakan. Persentase peserta didik yang belum tuntas mengalami penurunan dari awal dan akhir (dari 60% menjadi 0%. Persentase peserta didik yang sudah tuntas mengalami kenaikan dari awal hingga akhir (dari 40% menjadi 100%).
Rekonstruksi Pengawasan Etik Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara
Authors: Anwar Bagus
Published: February 2023

Mahkamah Konstitusi merupakan peradilan konstitusi yang bertugas menjaga Dasar Negara Indonesia. Telah terjadi beberapa perilaku hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi yang kurang patut dilakukan. Tentu ini menjadi pekerjaan rumah yang sangat besar untuk mengembalikan marwah lembaga penjaga konstitusi ini. Ditambah lagi Indonesia merupakan negara hukum. Maka perlu adanya dewan etik yang bertugas untuk menjaga kehormatan hakim. Sehingga ada kepastian untuk menindak dalam tatarn dewan etik. Cara pandang hukum administrasi negara bisa menjadi salah satu konstruksi ideal. Ada beberapa pengawasan yang dapat diterapkan yaitu: satu, pengawasan dalam bentuk a-priori atau preventif yaitu (Dewan Etik harus diatribusikan lewat aturan Undang-Undang). Sehinggga aturan yang bersifat preventif ini haruslah diatur pada aturan yang lebih tinggi pula, jika hanya diatur dalam skala Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi  sangat mungkin bentrokan kepentingan akan terjadi dan kekuatan dewan etikpun tidak kuat atau terlalu lemah. Dua, Pengawasan a-posteriori atau Represif (Dewan Etik ikut dalam Proses Pengambilan Keputusan) dan ketiga Pengawasan Eksternal (Dewan Etik Harus Bersifat Eksternal Murni) Dewan etik haruslah bersifat eksternal.
Penanaman Nilai Cinta Tanah Air di Pesantren dalam Menyanyikan Indonesia Raya Perspektif Al Qur’an dan Al Hadist
Authors: Khikmah Nurul
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pandangan bagaimana hukumnya mencintai tanah air khususnya dengan menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan “Indonesia Raya”. Untuk menjelaskan tujuan dari penelitian ini digunakan studi Pustaka. Penjelasan dilakukan secara ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis. Maka dari sini, kita akan paham tentang bernyanyi baik itu secara alasan dan tujuan bernyanyi. Dengan demikian maka akan lahir paradigma baru tentang menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan di kalangan umat Islam khususnya di kalangan pesantren. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa kualitatif dan hasil penelitian akan menunjukan dimana pesantren sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam telah berjasa dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai cinta tanah air.
Urgensi Perluasan Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dalam Pengawasan Terhadap Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Heryansyah Despan
Published: February 2023

Harus diakui, memasuki usianya yang ke-14 tahun Mahkamah Konstitusi, kita masih tetap dalam fase pencarian format ideal pelembagaan MK. Sejak awal berdirinya pada tahun 2004, MK telah memberikan warna baru bagi perwujudan negara hukum di Indonesia, tidak berhenti sampai disitu, MK telah juga membuka ruang perdebatan baru yang dalam dan substantif di kalangan ahli hukum tata negara. Bagaimana tidak, kewenangan untuk membatalkan undang-undang yang dibuat oleh presiden dan DPR (lembaga negara konstitusional yang mendapat mandat lansung dari rakyat), adalah konstruksi baru yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal dan bahkan cenderung di haramkan dalam masa Trias Politika. Rumus dasarnya, bahwa masing-masing kekuasaan (eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif) itu terpisah dan tidak boleh saling mencampuri. Namun MK bukanlah tanpa cacat sama sekali, dari aspek struktur, sudah ada dua hakim MK yang saat ini mendekam di penjara karena terbukti melakukan korupsi. Ditambah lagi dengan berbagai pelanggaran etik yang dilakukan oleh beberapa hakim lain. Sedangkan dari aspek kewenangan, sudah banyak pihak yang mengkritisi beberapa keputusan MK yang dinilai tidak lagi berpihak pada keadilan. Pada mulanya, Komisi Yudisial diberikan kewenangan untuk melakukan pengawasan, namun melalui putusannya sendiri, MK membatalkan kewenangan tersebut sehingga saat ini, pengawasan hanya dilakukan oleh internal kelembagaan MK sendiri. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji lebih jauh urgensi pengawasan hakim MK oleh Komisi Yudisial. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode normatif.
Problematika Penerapan Presidential Threshold 20% dalam Sistem Presidensial Indonesia
Authors: Aqdamana Tsabbit
Published: February 2023

Desain konstitusional presidential threshold merupakan ketentuan tambahan mengenai pengaturan tentang syarat pencalonan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dalam Pasal 6A ayat (2) UUD NRI. Penyelenggaran Pemilihan Umum Serentak pada Tahun 2024 masih menyisahkan problematika yang berkelanjutan dari tahun 2008-2022 yakni presidential threshold. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua hal, pertama bagaimana problematika penerapan presidential threshold 20% dalam sistem ketatanegaran Indonesia? Kedua, bagaimana gagasan atas problematika penerapan presidential threshold 20% dalam sistem ketatanegaran Indonesia? Penelitian bersifat normatif serta pendekatan perundang-undanga dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan pertama, dalam logika sistem presidensial hasil pemilu legislatif menjadi dasar syarat pencalonan presiden dalam pilpres merupakan hal yang tidak lazim. Sebab, basis ligitimasi seorang presiden dalam skema sistem presidensial tidak di tentukan oleh dukungan politik parlemen hasil pemilu legislatif serta tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan dari pelaksanaan pemilu serentak. Kedua, mengingat kembali peran dan fungsi dari lembaga eksekutif dengan legislatif untuk menjaga prinsip check and balances. Selanjutnya perlu adanya penghapusan presidential threshold melalui merevisi pasal 222 UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 setelah pemilu serentak 2024 dilaksanakan karena merevisi saat ini tidak mungkin terjadi karena proses tahapan pemilu 2024 sudah berjalan maka tidak mungkin untuk dilakukan revisi saat ini
On the Privation Theory of Evil
Authors: Haratine Parker
Published: February 2023

Augustine’s privation theory of evil maintains that something is evil in virtue of a privation, a lack of something which ought to be present in a particular nature. While it is not evil for a human to lack wings, it is indeed evil for a human to lack rationality according to the end of a rational nature. Much of the literature on the privation theory focuses on whether it can successfully defend against counterexamples of positive evils, such as pain. This focus of the discussion is not surprising, given that the privation theory is a theory about the nature of evil. But it is also a theory that protects venerable theological concerns, namely, that God is the good creator of everything, and that everything is good. It is the purpose of this article to further this discussion on both fronts. I argue that the counterexample of pain still defeats the privation theory despite the most recent defense. What is more, I suggest, this is not theologically disastrous. The individual who rejects the privation theory is not obligated to reject the theological theses which motivate it. To show how a rejection of the privation theory is a live option, I offer an alternative view of evil that also maintains these theological theses and encompasses both privative and positive evils.
Mapping choice: A critical GIS analysis of English learner enrollment
Authors: Sartori Aurora C.
Published: February 2023

In many ways, Arizona is on the forefront of school choice: in addition to a state-wide open enrollment law, it was one of the first states to adopt charter school legislation in 1994 and currently has the second-highest percentage of public school students attending charter schools in the nation. Despite the extensive research on school choice, less is known about whether choice systems meaningfully impart more opportunities for students classified as English learners, a diverse group that has been the subject of multiple discriminatory policies and has one of the lowest graduation rates in the state. The current paper uses geospatial analysis to examine English learner participation in school choice in one Arizona metropolitan area. The results indicate that charter schools consistently under-enroll EL students regardless of demographic variability across geographic locations. Charter school locational patterns may be one contributing factor to EL enrollment disparities, though they are not likely to be the only reason. Employing a conceptual framework of motility or “mobility capital” (Kaufman et al., 2004) and a critical stance on the spatial dimensions of neoliberal reforms, findings suggest that unregulated school choice may not reliably provide improved schooling options for students classified as English learners.
Zur Geschichte der Zeitschrift „Raumforschung und Raumordnung“ seit 1936
Authors: Klee Andreas , Kühn Manfred , Jehling Mathias , Kinossian Nadir , Volgmann Kati , Keil Roger
Published: February 2023

Editorial
Postal Voting In the 2020 Presidential Election – How Did Electoral Participation Evolved During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Issues related to electoral participation are extremely complex, not least because of the different approaches of researchers to the issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to specialists, lawyers, political scientists addressing the issue of electoral participation in the context of public health risks and the implementation of the principle of universality of elections. In order to provide greater guarantee of the principle of universality, many countries are introducing additional forms of voting in elections other than voting at the polling station. Postal voting is one of the alternative voting methods that appears to be the most popular in terms of participation in elections. It exists in different forms in different countries. In Poland, in 2020, there were attempts to implement all-postal voting at first, and then – after the second elections were held – it was decided to use hybrid voting. The aim of this article is to analyze the Polish experience with postal voting in 2020 in the context of the implementation of this tool during the pandemic.
Political Leaders on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of the Sejm Discourse
Authors: Hartliński Maciej , Klepański Jakub
Published: February 2023

Utterances of political leaders participating in a parliamentary debate, especially in crisis situations, are of exceptional significance. The aim of the study is to analyse positions and declarations of political leaders towards the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland as regards politicians’ speeches made in the Sejm. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 504 speeches made by chairpersons of parties and parliamentary clubs and circles. The analysis showed that the issue of COVID-19, although it was the most important problem for Poles for many months, did not receive as much attention from political leaders in the Sejm. The leaders of opposition groups criticised the government and called for action. In contrast, the leaders of ruling parties’ coalition did not actively participate in the Sejm discourse.
Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Yang Liangliang , Wang Yue
Published: February 2023

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a serious complication of advanced tumor, with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates, and can severely affect the quality of life and survival of patients. The mechanisms of MPE development are not well defined, but much research has been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of this process. In recent decades, although great progress has been made in the management of MPE, the diagnosis and treatment of MPE are still major challenges for clinicians. In this article, we provide a review of the research advances in the mechanisms of MPE development, diagnosis and treatment approaches. We aim to offer clinicians an overview of the latest evidence on the management of MPE, which should be individualized to provide comprehensive interventions for patients in accordance with their wishes, health status, prognosis and other factors.
Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
Authors: Fady Marwa , Rizwana Humaira , Alarjani Khaloud Mohammed , Alghamdi Mai Ahmed , Ibrahim Shebl Salah , Geyer Jessica , Abbas Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Background

Bacterial resistant to antibiotics represents an obstacle in medication management in hospitals. Biofilm can be easily formed by bacteria in indwelling medical devices. By increasing numbers of patients using indwelling medical devices, we have to find an effective antibiofilm for the eradication of biofilm-associated infections.

Methods

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius L. leaves (Polygonaceae). Antibacterial and antibiofilm assays were investigated in this study against different standard and pathogenic bacteria isolates from endotracheal tubes in intensive care units (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate the reduction of biofilm formation using methanol extract of R. vesicarius. Also, cytotoxicity of R. vesicarius L. was evaluated by using the lactate dehydrogenase assay.

Results

R. vesicarius displayed a broad spectrum and antibacterial activity against the tested organisms. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract was 62.5–125 mg/mL for gram positive while in case of gram negative, it was 125–250 mg/mL. While the result in case of minimal bactericidal concentration was 250–500 mg/mL in case of gram positive and was 500–1,000 mg/mL in case of gram negative.

Conclusion

Our results recommend usage of R. vesicarius as a promising antibiofilm to combat infection in indwelling medical devices.
On Split Monotone Variational Inclusion Problem with Multiple Output Sets with Fixed Point Constraints
Authors: Uzor Victor Amarachi , Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of split monotone variational inclusion problem with multiple output sets (SMVIPMOS).
We propose a new iterative scheme, which employs the viscosity approximation technique for approximating the solution of the SMVIPMOS with fixed point constraints of a nonexpansive mapping in real Hilbert spaces.
The proposed method utilises the inertial technique for accelerating the speed of convergence and a self-adaptive step size so that its implementation does not require prior knowledge of the operator norm.
Under mild conditions, we obtain a strong convergence result for the proposed algorithm and obtain a consequent result, which complements several existing results in the literature.
Moreover, we apply our result to study the notions of split variational inequality problem with multiple output sets with fixed point constraints and split convex minimisation problem with multiple output sets with fixed point constraints in Hilbert spaces.
Finally, we present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the implementability of our proposed method.
Arithmetic properties of the Herglotz function
Authors: Radchenko Danylo , Zagier Don
Published: February 2023

In this paper we study two functionsF⁢(x){F(x)}andJ⁢(x){J(x)}, originally found by Herglotz in 1923 and later rediscovered and used by one of the authors in connection with the Kronecker limit formula for real quadratic fields. We discuss many interesting properties of these functions, including special values at rational or quadratic irrational arguments as rational linear combinations of dilogarithms and products of logarithms, functional equations coming from Hecke operators, and connections with Stark’s conjecture. We also discuss connections with 1-cocycles for the modular groupPSL⁡(2,ℤ){\operatorname{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})}.
Gauging the Impact of Satellite & Space Systems on Critical Infrastructure[CI]: Risk Management is Neither an Enigma nor a Mystery for CI Systems Security
Authors: McCreight Robert
Published: February 2023

This article summarizes many critical infrastructure vulnerability issues involving connectivity to space platforms and cyber systems. The article emphasizes the importance of rigorous updated risk assessment in these aeas and the urgent need to exercise all phases and aspects of infrastructufe failure, collapse or extended disruption.
Perinatal brain damage – what the obstetrician needs to know
Authors: Strizek Brigitte
Published: February 2023

Perinatal brain damage is still one of the leading contributors to perinatal death and postnatal disability worldwide. However, the term perinatal brain damage encompasses very different aetiological entities that result in an insult to the developing brain and does not differentiate between the onset, cause and severity of this insult. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and perinatal stroke are often listed as the major aetiologies of perinatal brain damage. They differ by type and timing of injury, neuropathological and imaging findings and their clinical picture. Along the timeline of neurodevelopment in utero, there appears to be a specific “window of vulnerability” for each type of injury, but clinical overlap does exist. In the past, peripartum acute hypoxia was believed to be the major, if not the only, cause of perinatal brain damage, but intrauterine inflammation, prematurity, chronic hypoxia/growth retardation and genetic abnormalities appear to be at least equally important contributors.
Deterministic approach to design passive anomalous-diffraction metasurfaces with nearly 100% efficiency
Authors: Fang Zhening , Li Haipeng , Chen Yan , Sun Shulin , Xiao Shiyi , He Qiong , Zhou Lei
Published: February 2023

Designing perfect anomalous reflectors is crucial for achieving many metasurface-based applications, but available design approaches for the cases of extremely large bending angles either require unrealistic gain–loss materials or rely on brute-force optimizations lacking physical guidance. Here, we propose a deterministic approach to design passive metasurfaces that can reflect impinging light to arbitrary nonspecular directions with almost 100% efficiencies. With both incident and out-going far-field waves given, we can retrieve the surface-impedance profile of the target metadevice by matching boundary conditions with all allowed near-field modes added self-consistently and then construct the metadevices deterministically based on passive meta-atoms exhibiting local responses. We design/fabricate two proof-of-concept microwave metadevices and experimentally demonstrate that the first one achieves anomalous reflection to a 70° angle with efficiency ∼98%, and the second one can generate multiple reflected beams with desired bending angles and power allocations. Our findings pave the way for realizing high-efficiency wave-control metadevices with desired functionalities.
Influence of microalloying with B on the microstructure and properties of brazed joints with Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn filler metal
Authors: Zhong Sujuan , Shi Yinkai , Li Yunpeng , Qin Jian , Yu Hua , Cui Datian , Long Weimin
Published: February 2023

Processing and formation of Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn filler metals with high Sn content are difficult owing to their high brittleness. A composite flux-cored silver (Ag) filler metal of a CuSn + XB alloy powder was designed using the principle of in situ synthesis. Copper–Copper (Cu–Cu) joints were obtained using a novel Ag-based filler metal (at B contents of 0, 2, and 3%). The microstructure and evolution of the mechanical properties of the Cu–Cu brazed joints were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microscope, electron backscattering diffraction, tensile testing, and nanoindentation tester. The brazed joints mainly consisted of Ag-based solid solution (Ag(s.s)) and Cu-based solid solution (Cu(s.s)). Due to the addition of 3% B, (Ag + Cu) eutectic network structures were formed in the brazing seam. At the same time, the grain size, texture strength, misorientation distribution, and deformation of Ag(s.s) and Cu(s.s) in the brazing seam changed significantly. The overall microhardness of the brazing seam significantly increased as the B content increased in the filler metals. The tensile strength of the joints followed a parabola. At the B content of 2%, the ultimate tensile strength of the Cu–Cu joints was 248.0 MPa. The brazed joints featured intergranular, dimple, and cleavage fractures.
Exploring the solvation of water molecules around radioactive elements in nuclear waste water treatment
Authors: Ebenezer Cheriyan , Solomon Rajadurai Vijay
Published: February 2023

Nuclear waste water contains many actinides which coordinate with water molecules to form complexes. The hydration of water molecules with varying coordination numbers and modes makes it interesting and intriguing in understanding the extraction process of these radioactive ions. In order to separate these complexes from the nuclear waste water, many organic ligands are being used. However, prior knowledge on the nature of electronic environment of these hydration patterns will help us to understand the extraction mechanism. Therefore, a series of complexes such as [Np(H2O)9]4+, [Cm(H2O)9]3+, [Am(H2O)9]3+, [Pu(H2O)9]4+, [Pu(H2O)9]3+, [U(H2O)9]3+, [NpO2(H2O)5]+, [UO2(H2O)5]2+ and [PuO2(H2O)5]2+ have been calculated by means of relativistic DFT. Bond length analysis and energy decomposition analysis are executed with the intention to comprehend the bonding situation of these complexes. To account for the stabilizing interactions amid the radioactive ion and the water molecules, a detailed QTAIM investigation is done. It is seen that the metals having higher oxidation state readily complex with water molecules. Energy decomposition analysis throws light on the significant orbital interactions in the [M(H2O)9]
n
complexes, whereas in the metal oxide complexes significant contribution is resulted from electrostatic interactions. In summary, this investigation brings out the nuances of coordination modes of solvation in nuclear waste water which will help us to explore and design novel extraction techniques in near future.
INTERPRETACE VÝZKUMNÝCH OTÁZEK RELIABILITY JAZYKOVÝCH TESTŮ
Authors: Romová Hana , Římský Tomáš
Published: February 2023

This article deals with the topic of reliability of language didactic tests in the framework of language testing. Gained data serve as a means for interpretation and moderation of testing at the language department. Tested students are 1st and 2nd year students of the Faculty of Security Management and the Faculty of Security Management and Security and Legal Studies of the Police Academy of the Czech Republic. For determining the reliability the measurable indicator index of inner consistence with subdivision into scales was set, these scales were used for setting the criteria for the evaluation of the reliability of sub-tests. The reliability of sub-tests is interpreted in a wider contest and is an important step to the optimization of the testing process of creating a test bank for the language department.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL CARE FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors: Thelenová Kateřina
Published: February 2023

The aim of this text is to describe the procedure and outcomes of the research in the area of management of coping strategies among helping professionals. The study focuses on the professionals in residential social care facilities for the elderly, their definitions of the stress connected to the epidemic, and anti-epidemic measures concerning the Covid-19 disease. We described and analysed the coping experience through qualitative research with one organisation in Liberec. The outcomes from individual open interviews and focus groups were coded and analysed, and consequently formulated into the grounded theory. In the future, this theory will be the base for methodology. We also plan to develop an evaluation study. All the steps mentioned above are parts of a project called “Crisis Management Innovation of Residential Social Services for the Elderly”.
Hazy Spots on Photographic Plates
Authors: Potters Jan
Published: February 2023

In this article, different experimental attempts to measure the velocity-dependency of the electron’s mass will be discussed. These experiments were carried out between 1901 and 1916 by Walter Kaufmann, Alfred Bucherer, Günther Neumann, and Charles-Eugène Guye together with Charles Lavanchy. They all attempted to capture this effect on photographic plates, such that it could then be measured afterward as precisely as the plates allowed for. It will be argued that two different approaches to the production of precise photographic plates can be distinguished: one that conceptualized precision in terms of qualitative plates, and one that attempted to achieve it through quantity. In the final part of the article, it will then be argued that these two approaches were shaped both by the specific radiating materials at hand as well as by the intellectual context in which the scientists involved were working.
The Celluloid Specimen: Moving Image Research into Animal Life
Authors: Schultz-Figueroa Benjamín
Published: February 2023

In The Celluloid Specimen, Benjamín Schultz‑Figueroa examines rarely seen behaviorist films of animal experiments from the 1930s and 1940s. These laboratory recordings—including Robert Yerkes’s work with North American primate colonies, Yale University’s rat‑based simulations of human society, and B. F. Skinner’s promotions for pigeon‑guided missiles—have long been considered passive records of scientific research. In Schultz‑Figueroa’s incisive analysis, however, they are revealed to be rich historical, political, and aesthetic texts that played a crucial role in American scientific and cultural history—and remain foundational to contemporary conceptions of species, race, identity, and society.