bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of performance characteristics of combined waste polymer enhanced bitumen on hot and warm mix asphaltic concretes
Authors: Salami L. O. , Ameen I. O. , Tijani M. A. , Kareem M. A. , Bello A. A.
Published: February 2025

Asphalt is extensively employed as a pavement component in the construction of roads. However, inadequate performance of conventional Hot Mix Asphaltic (HMA) and Warm Mix Asphaltic (WMA) concretes necessitate the adoption of polymer for bitumen modification. There are indications that modification of asphalt with Waste Plastic Bottle (WPB) and Waste Sachet Water (WSW) enhances the performance of HMA and WMA concretes. This study investigated the efficiency of HMA and WMA concretes modified with Combined Waste Polymer (CWP). Bitumen with a penetration grade of 60/70 was weighed into ten different containers before being heated for producing Hot Bitumen Mix (HBM). Sasobit was added to the 60/70 bitumen at a rate of 3.5% by weight to produce Warm Bitumen Mix (WBM). The HBM and WBM were modified with CWP in proportions ranging from 2 to 18% at 2% frequencies. The penetration (P), softening point (SP), and specific gravity (SG) have been established on HBM and WBM samples. Aggregates and filler were added to HBM and WBM samples to produce HMA and WMA concrete samples, respectively. Marshall quotient and Microstructural properties of the HMA and WMA concrete samples were evaluated. The obtained values of P, SP, and SG were 33–70 mm, 55–78 °C, 1.01–1.12, respectively for HBM and WBM samples. The range for Marshall quotient results for HMA and WMA concretes were 1.73–3.46 kN/mm and 2.50–3.63 kN/mm, respectively. The microstructural studies revealed that CWP modified HMA and WMA concrete samples demonstrated enhanced bulk density and compact strength. The incorporation of WPB and WSW into the production of HMA and WMA concretes has the potential to significantly improve their performance. This study is in tandem with the Sustainable Development Goals 12 and 13. Further investigation utilizing WPB and WSW, in conjunction with their corks, is hereby recommended.
Identifying the reasons why men marry teenage girls: a qualitative study from the perspective of men in western Iran
Authors: Yoosefi lebni Javad , Ahmadi Ahmad , Irandoost Seyed Fahim , Saki Mandana
Published: February 2025

Marriage with teenage girls is an important health and social challenge, which is caused by various factors. Considering that no research has been done to show the reasons for men’s desire to marry teenage girls, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the reasons why men marry teenage girls in western Iran. This qualitative research was conducted with the conventional content analysis approach among 37 men in western Iran who married to girls under the age of 18. Targeted, theoretical, and snowball sampling methods were used to reach the participants. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used both in-person (20 people) and online (17 people). Data analysis was done with Graneheim and Lundman approach and checking the accuracy and strength of the results with Guba and Lincoln criteria. One core category, 9 subcategories, and 88 initial codes were obtained from the data analysis. The core category, foresight along with desired upbringing, included the subcategories of getting sure of purity, to bring up the girl, seeking sexual pleasure, dominating the wife, low expectations, appropriate fertility, encouragement of social organizations and families, following models, and cultural beliefs. The reasons for men marrying teenage girls are rooted in personality traits, family encouragement, and the cultural and social context of the society. Marriage with teenage girls can be prevented by intervening at different levels and taking measures such as training and raising men’s awareness about the consequences of marrying teenage girls, changing men’s cultural and gender beliefs, raising the awareness of parents and social organizations about the adverse effects of child marriage, and establishing appropriate laws.
Cultural persistence in health-seeking behaviour: a mixed-method study of traditional healing practices among Garo tribal women in Meghalaya, India
Authors: Mal Piyasa , Saikia Nandita
Published: February 2025

The Garo tribe, one of a major indigenous communities of Meghalaya, India, relies heavily on their traditional health practices. This research investigates the healthcare-seeking behaviour of Garo women, their health concerns, their indigenous medical knowledge, and their reasons for preferring traditional over modern medicines. Conducted in East Garo Hills, Meghalaya, quantitative data (N = 96) were randomly collected from Garo women aged 15–49 through interviews to understand their health-seeking behaviour. Following a preliminary analysis, qualitative data (N = 12) were gathered through in-depth interviews to identify common illnesses, dimensions of traditional medicines, and reasons for dependency on them. Thematic analysis was performed using Atlas Ti. The result shows that almost 84% of Garo women (N = 86) seek treatment from Ojha (traditional healer) for achik (traditional) medicine, with only 6% using modern health facilities and 10% relying on herbal home remedies. Garo women rely on their age-old traditional remedies for health issues, irrespective of their educational or economic status. From the qualitative findings, this study explores the Garo tribe’s unique traditional medicine, known as ‘achik medicine’, prepared through local herbs and plants, and is disseminated by traditional healers, or ‘ojhas’, whose knowledge is generational. Moreover, every Garo household possesses medicinal plants, and all are knowledgeable about their use. Major health issues faced by Garo women are menstrual disorders, post-delivery weakness, fever with severe headache and jaundice. Reasons for using achik medicines are more effectiveness than modern medicines, cultural identity, preference for natural remedies, efficiency of Ojhas, availability, accessibility, and affordability of Ojhas. Meanwhile, the reasons for using limited use of modern healthcare facilities are poor quality of service and remote location. This study underscores the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge systems and respecting cultural heritage while ensuring the well-being of marginalised communities. Additionally, it highlights the need to improve modern healthcare quality and public transportation in the region.
Utopianism, activism and networks: insights into the early work of János Maróthy
Authors: Szemere Anna , Ignácz Ádám
Published: February 2025

This article explores the relationships between utopianism, activism and networks in the early career of the Hungarian musicologist János Maróthy (1925–2001). A prolific author of pioneering work on the social history of European peasant and urban folk songs from the antiquity to the modern era, Maróthy is noteworthy for establishing academic research of popular music in Hungary, both preceding and contributing to the emergence of new musicology and popular music studies in European and Anglo-American academia at the turn of the 1980s. Maróthy mediated between various grassroots movements and the party state's institutions and was a participant observer of various off-the-mainstream music-related scenes formed in Romani workers’ hostels and jazz clubs. His Department of Music Sociology (at the Institute for Musicology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) conducted and commissioned research on the local history of workers’ songs, urban folklore, empirical studies of musical taste, and the social life and institutions of youth music. This article offers a critical overview of Maróthy's career from its onset in 1948 up to the mid-1960s. This turbulent period witnessed the most repressive years of Stalinism, the anti-Soviet revolution of 1956, its defeat, and the gradual consolidation of a more liberal Kádár-led regime. It examines how changing political and intellectual trends, ideologies and national and supranational realignments within the Soviet Bloc (and beyond) shaped the forms and meanings of Maróthy's multi-faceted activism, along with his shifting ideas about the relationships between music, political movements and entertainment.
Are all rings created equal? A single centre experience of fetal and paediatric vascular rings
Authors: LaSalle Elizabeth E. , Tedla Bruke A. , Golding Fraser , Boulil Zaineb , Sun Heather Y.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Vascular rings cause highly variable clinical presentations. This study assesses the impact of prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis on clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a single centre retrospective review of isolated vascular ring patients (without significant CHD) from 2011 to 2022 and compared clinical and operative data between patients with prenatal and postnatal diagnoses.

Results:

Of 177 patients, 45% (N = 80) had prenatal diagnosis. Between 2018 and 2022, 78% had prenatal diagnosis compared to 41% from 2013 to 2018 and 4% before 2013 (p < 0.001). 76.3% (N = 135) had a right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum, 22.6% (N = 40) had a double aortic arch, and 1.1% (N = 2) had a left aortic arch with right ligamentum arteriosum. Postnatal diagnosis patients were more likely to have preoperative respiratory symptoms (55.7%), medications (34.0%), or admissions (24.7%) (versus 32.5%, 10.0%, and 11.3% of the prenatal diagnosis patients, p < 0.05) and require surgical repair (68.0% versus 38.8% of prenatal diagnosis patients, p < 0.0001). 54.8% of patients had surgical repair; prenatal diagnosis patients were younger at surgery, 7.5 (3-11) months compared to 16.0 (5-18) months in the postnatal diagnosis patients (p = .0014). Double aortic arch patients were more likely to require surgical repair (90.0%, compared to 44.5% with right aortic arch, p < 1e−4). Postnatal diagnosis patients had more residual postoperative symptoms (40.9% versus 16.1% in prenatal diagnosis patients, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Prenatal diagnosis of vascular rings improves clinical surveillance, resulting in earlier surgical repair in symptomatic patients and diminished morbidity. Higher risk double aortic arch patients should have a tailored evaluation pathway.
Cardiac treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: consensus recommendations from the ACTION muscular dystrophy committee
Authors: Esteso Paul , Auerbach Scott R. , Bansal Neha , Harris Rachel , Soslow Jonathan H. , Birnbaum Brian F. , Conway Jennifer , Cripe Linda H. , Nandi Deipanjan , Hayes Emily , Gambetta Katheryn E. , Hall E. Kevin , Hsu Daphne T. , Kaufman Beth D. , Rosenthal David , Kirmani Sonya , Ploutz Michelle S. , Lal Ashwin K. , Peng David M. , Villa Chet R. , Shugh Svetlana , Wittlieb-Weber Carol A. , Shih Renata
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a devastating neuromuscular disorder characterized by the loss of dystrophin, inevitably leading to cardiomyopathy. Despite publications on prophylaxis and treatment with cardiac medications to mitigate cardiomyopathy progression, gaps remain in the specifics of medication initiation and optimization.

Method:

This document is an expert opinion statement, addressing a critical gap in cardiac care for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It provides thorough recommendations for the initiation and titration of cardiac medications based on disease progression and patient response. Recommendations are derived from the expertise of the Advance Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and are informed by established guidelines from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Care Considerations. These expert-derived recommendations aim to navigate the complexities of Duchenne muscular dystrophy-related cardiac care.

Results:

Comprehensive recommendations for initiation, titration, and optimization of critical cardiac medications are provided to address Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy.

Discussion:

The management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, the diversity of healthcare providers involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy can result in variations in cardiac care, complicating treatment standardization and patient outcomes. The aim of this report is to provide a roadmap for managing Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy, by elucidating timing and dosage nuances crucial for optimal therapeutic efficacy, ultimately improving cardiac outcomes, and improving the quality of life for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Conclusion:

This document seeks to establish a standardized framework for cardiac care in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, aiming to improve cardiac prognosis.
Burden, resources, and needs of patients with severe graft-versus-host disease – A qualitative study
Authors: Wenzel Freya , Pralong Anne , Scheid Christoph , Herling Marco , Holtick Udo , Simon Steffen T.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Severe forms of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are life-threatening complications after adjusted to allogeneic hematopoietic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and are a major cause of non-relapse mortality. Little is known about the burden, needs, and resources of this specific patient group. This qualitative interview study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with severe forms of GvHD and their perception of palliative care (PC).

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 13 participants at a tertiary university hospital and were evaluated by qualitative content analysis.

Results: The participants described a high psychological and physical symptomatic burden resulting in severely impaired physical function up to loss of independence, which all substantially limited their quality of life (QoL). Frequent long-term hospitalizations highly impacted their social life including the ability to work. A desire to die was frequently experienced, particularly when participants suffered from peaks of burden and uncertainty about the future. Dying was either feared or perceived as relief. Not all participants received PC and the term was sometimes associated with fear or remained unclear to them.

Significance of results: Patients with severe forms of GvHD described a multifactorial, high overall burden, and permanently impaired QoL, which needs special support. Next to depressive symptoms, the frequently reported desire to die has not yet been thoroughly studied and requires further research. The infrequent use of PC in this context implicates a need for structural improvement and education in the German healthcare system.
Hollow fiber-based strain sensors with desirable modulus and sensitivity at effective deformation for dexterous electroelastomer cylindrical actuator
Authors: Zhang Yang , Deng Keqi , Shen Tingting , Huang Yong , Xu Zhenjin , Zhang Jinhui , Jin Hang , Liu Xin , Xu Lida , Lu Lianjie , Li Shiying , Sun Daoheng , Wu Dezhi
Published: February 2025

The electroelastomer cylindrical actuators, a typical representation of soft actuators, have recently aroused increasing interest owing to their advantages in flexibility, deformability, and spatial utilization rate. Proprioception is crucial for controlling and monitoring the shape and position of these actuators. However, most existing flexible sensors have a modulus mismatch with the actuation unit, hindering the free movement of these actuators. Herein, a low-modulus strain sensor based on laser-induced cellular graphitic flakes (CGF) onto the surface of hollow TPU fibers (HTF) is present. Through the electrostatic self-assembly technology, the flexible sensor features a unique hybrid sensing unit including soft HTF as substrate and rigid CGF as conductive path. As a result, the sensor simultaneously possesses desirable modulus (~0.155 MPa), a gauge factor of 220.3 (25% < ε < 50%), fast response/recovery behaviors (31/62 ms), and a low detection limit (0.1% strain). Integrating the sensor onto the electroelastomer cylindrical actuators enables precise measurement of deformation modes, directions, and quantity. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, a prototype soft robot with high-precision perception is successfully designed, achieving real-time detection of its deformations during the crawling process. Thus, the proposed scheme sheds new light on the development of intelligent soft robots.
Insights from lipidomics into the terminal maturation of circulating human reticulocytes
Authors: Minetti Giampaolo , Dorn Isabel , Köfeler Harald , Perotti Cesare , Kaestner Lars
Published: February 2025

In the age of “omics”, lipidomics of erythropoiesis is still missing. How reticulocytes mature in the circulation into functional erythrocytes is also largely unknown. We have isolated here two populations of human circulating reticulocytes at different levels of maturation, and three subpopulations of erythrocytes of different age, and characterized the evolution of their lipidome. (Sphingomyelin+cholesterol) and partly phosphatidylethanolamine increase relative to total lipids, whereas phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine decrease from immature reticulocytes to mature erythrocytes, at the same time as the surface area per cell decreases. The relative amounts of more than 70 phospholipid subclasses, based on the number of carbon atoms (12–24) and of double bonds (0–6) in the fatty acids linked to the phospholipid, also change in the process. As reticulocytes and erythrocytes cannot perform de-novo phospholipid synthesis, lipid remodeling likely requires selective removal of phospholipids from the membrane or their exchange with plasma or both, with the possible involvement of lipid transfer proteins such as VPS13A, which is expressed in reticulocytes and erythrocytes. These findings not only shed light on fundamental aspects of red blood cell physiology and erythropoiesis but also raise intriguing questions surrounding protein-lipid interactions, membrane architecture, and lipid trafficking mechanisms.
Development of deformable and adhesive biocompatible polymer hydrogels by a simple one-pot method using ADIP as a cationic radical initiator
Authors: Masuda Tsukuru , Saegusa Yui , Tsuji Toshikazu , Takai Madoka
Published: February 2025

In this study, a highly viscoelastic, deformable, and adhesive hydrogel was synthesized by crosslinking a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer hydrogel with a chemical crosslinker [N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MB)] using a cationic initiator, 2,2′-azobis-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)]propane triflate (ADIP). The adhesive PMPC gel was tolerant to peeling during adhesion, and the adhesion energy of the hydrogel increased as the contact time with the adhesion target increased. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the synthesis of deformable and adhesive hydrogels was determined by analyzing the polymerization behavior. The polymer synthesized with ADIP had a lower molecular weight than that synthesized with a conventional redox-type initiator, ammonium persulfate/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. Moreover, an analysis of the reactivity of various monomers and crosslinkers indicated low reactivity of the acrylamide-type crosslinker MB to methacrylate-type monomers; on this basis, the appropriate combination of monomers and crosslinkers for generating the target hydrogel was determined. The cytocompatibility of the prepared PMPC hydrogel was also confirmed. Thus, this study provides guidelines for the rational design of highly deformable, adhesive hydrogels with cytocompatibility.
Burden of illness among patients with asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonists
Authors: Zhang Shiyuan , Czira Alexandrosz , Harley Julia , Rothnie Kieran J. , Lee Lauren , Small Mark
Published: February 2025

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) are recommended for maintenance-only or maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) in patients with asthma. However, real-world data on ICS/LABA as maintenance-only or MART are limited. This study characterized clinical, economic, and humanistic burdens of asthma in Canada, China, Europe, Japan, and the US, using data collected from patients and physicians via a cross-sectional survey (Asthma Disease Specific Programme). Patients were ≥18 years of age with physician-confirmed asthma and receiving fixed-dose ICS/LABA for ≥3 months. Mean physician-reported symptom-free days over the past 30 days ranged from 10.1–20.6 days, and 31.5–34.6% of ICS/LABA users self-reported not well-controlled asthma. SABA co-prescription was reported in 8.8–67.8% of patients. These findings highlight the continued disease burden among ICS/LABA users, with the high level of SABA co-prescription indicating potentially inappropriate prescribing of ICS/LABA as MART or detrimental reliance on SABA medication in addition to MART.
Improved sand cat swarm optimization algorithm assisted GraphSAGE-GRU for remaining useful life of engine
Authors: Yuan Yongliang , Li Ruifang , Wang Guohu , Lv Xiaojing
Published: February 2025

With the development of deep learning, the potential for its use in remaining useful life (RUL) has substantially increased in recent years due to the powerful data processing capabilities. However, the relationships and interdependencies of operation parameters in non-Euclidean space are ignored utilizing the current deep learning-based methods during the degradation process for engine. To address this challenge, an improved sand cat swarm optimization-assisted Graph SAmple and aggregate and gate recurrent unit (ISCSO-GraphSage-GRU) is proposed to achieve RUL prediction in this work. Firstly, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) is utilized for describing the interdependent relations of measured parameters. Building on this foundation, the constructed graph data is used as input to GraphSage-GRU so as to overcoming the shortcomings of existing deep learning methods. Additionally, this work proposed an improved sand cat swarm optimization (ISCSO) to improve the predicted performance of GraphSage-GRU, including tent mapping in population initialization and a novel adaptive approach enhance the exploration and exploitation of sand cat swarm optimization. The CMAPSS dataset is used to validate the effectiveness and advancedness of ISCSO-GraphSage-GRU, and the experimental results show that the R
2 of the ISCSO-GraphSage-GRU is greater than 0.99, RMSE is less than 6.
A Fluorine-Rich and Flame-Retardant Gel Polymer Electrolyte Enables by Thermal Polymerization of Fluorinated Acrylates for Stable Quasi-Solid-State Na-ion Battery
Authors: Hu Ganlong , Xu Zhou , Wang Zhiyu
Published: February 2025

Thermal polymerization of fluorinated acrylates yields a fluorine-rich, flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and robustness. Beyond enhancing cell safety, it promotes the formation of inorganic-rich electrolyte interphases,...
Numerical study of the effects of crucible movement on the Ge growth process in an inductive Czochralski furnace
Authors: hadidchi sanaz , Tavakoli M. H.
Published: February 2025

The Czochralski (CZ) method is widely used for growing high-purity germanium (Ge) crystals, essential for infrared optics, radiation detectors, and high-mobility transistors. However, thermal stress accumulation, dislocation formation, and unstable...
A mononuclear zinc(II) complex and a tetranuclear copper(II) azametallacoronate with (E)−2−((2−(quinazolin−4−yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol: Structure and biological activity
Authors: Kakoulidou Chrisoula , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Fylaktakidou Konstantina C , Psomas George L
Published: February 2025

A quinazoline derivative containing a properly situated o−phenol ring, namely (E)−2−((2−(quinazolin−4−yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol (H2L), was synthesized in order to investigate the ability of this novel ligand for metal complexation. The interaction of...
Prospects of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based adsorbents for the remediation of environmental inorganic pollutants from wastewater: a critical review
Authors: Brahma Deepmoni , Barman Manash Pratim , Basak Dipanwita , Saikia Hemaprobha
Published: February 2025

LDH based adsorbents for inorganic pollutant remediation.
Novel sustainable synthesis of a formaldehyde-free thermosetting phenolic resin through solvent-free reactive extrusion
Authors: Maokhamphiou Alex , Zinet Matthieu , Guerin William , Soisson Arnaud , Petit Morgane , Jobard Guillaume , da Cruz-Boisson Fernande , Delage Karim , Tavernier Romain , Bounor-Legaré Véronique
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of a resorcinol–terephthalaldehyde based phenolic thermosetting resin by reactive extrusion (solventless and very fast continuous method) is presented.
Continuous Flow Extraction of Lithium from Brine Using Silica-Coated LMO Beads
Authors: Su Jialun , Fan Qiyue , Hu Xiangting , Sun Yue , Lin Jie , Xu Jiayue , Pan Bingcai , Lu Zhenda
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles market has intensified the demand for efficient lithium extraction from salt lake brines. This study presents a novel approach using silica-coated...
Glucose Reduced Nano-Se Mitigate Cu-Induced ROS by Upregulating Antioxidant Gene in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Umapathy Suganiya , Pan Ieshita
Published: February 2025

This study compares the therapeutic efficiency of bovine serum albumin-stabilized selenium nanoparticles in reducing oxidative stress and improving cellular health. The nanoparticles were synthesized using mussel-extracted selenium with two reducing...
Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Fluorosulfonylation of Allyl Sulfones
Authors: Liang Hui , Liu Bingcong , Ma Tianting , Lu Wenguang , Zheng Yu , Huang Shenlin
Published: February 2025

Despite the significant advances in developing various approaches to access sulfonyl fluorides, which complement the traditional chloride-fluoride exchange strategy using corresponding sulfonyl chlorides, there is still a lack of reported...
Arrays of nano-light-mixers for enhanced broadband and omnidirectional absorption of the solar radiation for solar energy technologies
Authors: kumar ankit , Golan Erez , Aharon Nadav , Shalev Gil
Published: February 2025

Broadband and omnidirectional absorption is the first requirement for any solar energy harvesting technology. For example, the realization of silicon thin-film photovoltaics is hampered by the low absorption coefficient of...
Unlocking ultra-long stability of Zn–air batteries: synergistic role of antiperovskite carbide Fe3SnC and Fe3C nanoparticles in enhancing electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Shuting , Fu Mengjiao , Han Jinxi , Jia Shaobo , Xia Zhengqiang , Chen Sanping , Lei Yibo , Zhu Haiyan , Xie Gang , Gao Shengli , Yang Qi
Published: February 2025

A new ORR electrocatalyst, FeSn-NC, was synthesized by anchoring antiperovskite carbide Fe3SnC and Fe3C nanoparticles on a honeycomb meso-microporous carbon substrate, which exhibited high activity and ultra-long stability in Zn–air batteries.
Preparation and characterization of electrically conductive nano-ZnO-doped Ti/Zr composite conversion coating on aluminum alloy
Authors: Yi Aihua , Liu Yuying , Huang Jian , Liu Jianyong , Chen Xiaolan , Wang Min , Xie Jingfeng
Published: February 2025

The integration of semiconductive nano-ZnO into a Ti/Zr-based solution has facilitated the development of a conductive coating on aluminum alloy surfaces.
Flexible thermoelectric generators from spray-printed PEDOT:PSS/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 composites
Authors: Masoumi Saeed , Xiong Ruifeng , Caffrey Eoin , Gatensby Riley , Ilhan Cansu , Coleman Jonathan N. , Pakdel Amir
Published: February 2025

Energy harvesting technologies play a pivotal role in powering the next generation of wearable and portable devices, where thin-film thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer a compact and flexible solution.
Tuning the microenvironment of immobilized molecular catalyst for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Qin Ziying , Zhuang Haocheng , Song Dayou , Zhang Gong , Gao Hui , Du Xiaowei , Jiang Mingyang , Zhang Peng , Gong Jinlong
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), as a novel technology, holds great promise for carbon neutrality. Immobilized molecular catalysts are considered efficient CO2RR catalysts due to their high selectivity and fast...
M3MoO4(HCO3) (M = Rb, Cs): Cation-tuned synthesis of two noncentrosymmetric molybdate-carbonates with isolated [MoO4] and [HCO3] groups
Authors: Huang Jianlong , Wang Wenhu , Lu Juanjuan , Yu Feng
Published: February 2025

Two molybdate-carbonates M3MoO4(HCO3) (M = Rb, Cs) have been successfully synthesized by cationic tuning. The change in cation size and coordination result in the transformation from cubic space group P4...
Densely packed spherical zinc deposition by cation buffer strategy enabled high-rate alkaline zinc batteries with lean electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Shen Shenyu , Kang Zihan , Gao Na , Yin Dandan , Zhao Lanya , Wen Bo , Deng teng , Xi Kai , Su Yaqiong , Zhao Hongyang , Ding Shujiang
Published: February 2025

Zinc (Zn) anode stability poses a critical challenge in alkaline electrolytes due to the unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. In particular, Zn dendrite growth is induced by uneven nucleation and fast diffusion...
Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA). III: Disks in wide binary systems in L1641 and L1647
Authors: Ricciardi G. , van Terwisga S.E. , Roccatagliata V. , Hacar A. , Henning T. , Del Pozzo W.
Published: February 2025

Observations of protoplanetary disks within multiple systems in nearby star-forming regions (SFRs) have shown that the presence of a neighboring object influences the evolution of dust in disks. However, the size of the available sample and the separation range covered are insufficient to fully understand the dust evolution in binary systems. The goal of this work, based on the Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA), is to comprehensively characterize the impact of stellar multiplicity on Class II disks in the L1641 and L1647 regions of Orion A (∼ 1-3 Myr). We characterized the protostellar multiplicity using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the ESO-VISTA, and the Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting sample of 65 multiple systems is the largest catalog of wide binary systems to date (projected separation ≥ 1000 AU) and enables a more robust statistical characterization of the evolution and properties of protoplanetary disks. The disk population was observed in the continuum with ALMA at 225 GHz, with a median rms of 1.5 M_⊕. We combined these data (resolution of ∼1.1^'') with the ESO-VISTA near-infrared survey of the Orion A cloud (resolution of ∼0.7^''). From this dataset, multiple-star systems were selected using an iterative inside-out search in projected separation (≥1000 AU). We identify 61 binary systems, 3 triple systems, and 1 quadruple system. The separation range is between 1000 and 10^4 AU. The dust mass distributions inferred via the Kaplan-Meier estimator yield a median mass of 3.23^ M_⊕ for primary disks and 3.88^ M_⊕ for secondary disks. Combining our data with those available for the Lupus and Taurus disks, we identify a threshold separation of about 130 AU, beyond which the previously observed positive correlation between millimeter flux (and hence dust mass) and projected separation is lost. Recent theoretical models confirm that pre- and post-threshold systems are the result of different star formation processes, such as the fragmentation of gravitationally unstable circumstellar disks, the thermal fragmentation of infalling cores, or the turbulent fragmentation of molecular clouds. We can rule out the dependence on different SFRs: the cumulative mass distributions of multiples in SFRs of similar ages are statistically indistinguishable. This result strengthens the hypothesis that there is a universal initial mass distribution for disks.
The Polytropic Index of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections near L1
Authors: Katsavrias C. , Nicolaou G. , Livadiotis G. , Vourlidas A. , Wilson III L.B. , Sandberg I.
Published: February 2025

A polytropic process describes the transition of a fluid from one state to another through a specific relationship between the fluid density and temperature, and the value of the polytropic index that governs this relationship determines the heat transfer and the effective degrees of freedom of this specific process. In this paper, we investigate in depth the proton polytropic behaviour in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Moreover, for the first time (to our knowledge and at such an extent) we further investigate the behaviour of both the total and partial polytropic indices within ICMEs with various magnetic field configurations inside the magnetic obstacles. To that end we used a list of 401 ICMEs identified from Wind measurements during more than two solar cycles (1995--2001), during which we derived the distributions of the polytropic index in the near-Earth space (L1). Our results show that sheaths are sub-adiabatic, indicating turbulent plasma, while the value of γ further depends on the existence of a shock. Furthermore, the polytropic behaviour of the protons inside the ICME magnetic obstacles is dependent on the magnetic field configuration, with flux ropes with rotation above 90 degrees exhibiting sub-adiabatic γ, while ejecta with no clear rotation exhibiting super-adiabatic γ, supporting the scenario that changes during the interplanetary evolution might affect the magnetic field configuration inside the magnetic obstacle.
Multi-wavelength characterization of VVVX open clusters
Authors: Obasi C.O. , Garro E.R. , Fernandez-Trincado J.G. , Minniti D. , Gomez M. , Parisi M.C. , Ortigoza-Urdaneta M.
Published: February 2025

With the rise of large surveys across wavelengths, both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms have increasingly aided in detecting large samples of old open clusters in high-extinction regions of the Milky Way bulge and disk. Our primary goal is to confirm or discard automatically detected open clusters from poorly studied, heavily contaminated regions of the Milky Way. Cleaning these samples is critical for reconstructing the Galactic disk's star formation history and understanding the thin and thick disk formation model. We used data from the VVVX, 2MASS, and Gaia DR3 surveys to confirm and characterize nine open cluster candidates: BH118, BH 144, Schuster-MWSC 1756, Saurer 3, FSR 1521, Saurer 2, Haffner 10-FSR 1231, Juchert 12, and Pismis 3. We constructed density maps and vector--proper motion diagrams to analyse the targets and performed photometric analysis to derive their main physical parameters. We examined cluster images from the 2MASS, WISE, and DECaPS surveys, identifying star clusters through an over-density of stars. This was confirmed with a VVVX photometry density map and validated using Gaussian kernel density estimation. Using Gaia proper motion data, we refined cluster memberships and decontaminated the data to build the final cluster catalogue with objects with a high probability of being star cluster members. We derived the following parameters: extinction values (A_Ks) ranging from 0.07±0.03 to 0.50±0.04; colour excess values (E(J-K_s)) from 0.16±0.03 to 0.60±0.03; distances (D) from 2.19±0.06 kpc to 8.94±0.06 kpc; Galactocentric distances (R_G) from 7.82 kpc to 15.08 kpc; vertical distance component values (Z) from -0.09 kpc to 0.34 kpc; and tangential velocities (V_T) from 30.59 km/s to 245.42 km/s. We also computed ages and metallicities by fitting PARSEC isochrones, finding ages (t) ranging from 20 Myr to 5 Gyr and metallicities ( Fe/H ) from -0.5 to 0.5. Structural parameters include core radii (r_c) from 0.71' to 5.21', tidal radii (r_t) from 3.4' to 12.0', and concentration indices (c) from 0.36 to 0.83. We photometrically confirm the open cluster nature for the nine targets in our compilation and updated their main physical parameters.
From planetesimals to dwarf planets by pebble accretion
Authors: Ormel Chris W. , Huang Yukun
Published: February 2025

The size distribution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in the Kuiper Belt provides crucial insights into the formation and evolution of the outer Solar System. Recent observational surveys, including the Outer Solar System Origins Survey ( have revealed that dynamically cold and hot TNO populations exhibit similar size distributions for dimmer objects (H_r > 5), which are consistent with planetesimal formation by streaming instability (SI). However, the hot population contains a significantly larger number of massive bodies, including several dwarf planets. In this study, we investigate the role of pebble accretion in shaping the size distribution of hot TNOs, after their formation in the primordial disk (PB) between 20 and 30 au and before these bodies were dynamically implanted into their current orbits by a migrating Neptune. We find that pebble accretion grows the most massive bodies only, consistent with the flattening of the distribution brightwards of H_r=5. All results point to a correlation (degeneracy) between the pebble aerodynamic size and the intensity of the gas motions. Nevertheless, accretion from an inward-drifting stream of pebbles is unlikely, as it puts extreme demands on the mass budget of pebbles. In particular, the masses of the cold classicals are too low to trigger pebble accretion. Accretion in an environment where pebbles are entrained, as believed to be the case in rings seen with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), is preferable. Combining the constraints obtained from this study with ALMA imagery morphology fitting reveals a typical pebble aerodynamic size of τ_s ∼ a turbulent diffusivity parameter α_D∼10^-3, and a total accreted pebble mass of $ ∼ 10,m_⊕$ in the primordial belt. Those TNOs formed through significant pebble accretion with masses exceeding ∼ m_⊕$ are likely to satisfy the International Astronomical Union's ``round shape'' criterion for dwarf planets.
Solar flare rates and probabilities based on the McIntosh classification: Impacts of GOES/XRS rescaling and revisited sunspot classifications
Authors: Janssens Jan , Delouille Véronique , Clette Frédéric , Andries Jesse
Published: February 2025

In December 2019, the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) started using the GOES -16 satellite as its primary input for the solar x-ray flux monitoring. As such, it stopped applying a scaling factor that had been applied since the GOES-8 came in operation. This has an important impact on the number of flares that can be expected, and on the flare rates associated with the McIntosh classifications, often used to help forecast flaring activity.
To quantify the effects, the flare intensities for the period covering 1976-2019 have all been recalculated. An increase of respectively 55% and 52% in the total number of M-class and X-class events has been observed. Also, for the same period, McIntosh classifications have been redone by visually evaluating 4720 Kanzelhöhe solar drawings (about 1 drawing every 3 days) and determining the McIntosh type of 22232 sunspot regions. There's an excellent agreement with the values originally reported by McIntosh (1990), but some deviations from the SWPC data are found.
For a majority of the McIntosh classes, an increase in the flare rates is observed, which translates into increased flare probabilities assuming a Poisson distribution for the flare occurrence. This is an important given for space weather forecasters when making solar flare forecasts. The McIntosh classification is successful in distinguishing flare active from flare inactive regions: Considering only the “p” and “c” component of the McIntosh classification and linking them to the number of flares associated with the corresponding sunspot groups, we find that 48% of all M- and X-class flares in our study are produced by only 8% of all sunspot groups, belonging to the McIntosh subclasses -ai, -kc, and -ki corresponding to sunspot groups with an asymmetric main spot and a more complex (intermediate or compact) internal sunspot distribution. About 57% of all classified sunspot groups produce only 12% of all M- and X-class flares. They belong to the McIntosh subclasses -so, -sx, -xo and -xx, which correspond to the smallest and simplest sunspot regions, and the phases marking the emergence and final decay of sunspot groups (Axx, Bxo, Hsx). Though the McIntosh classification is a great tool to forecast flaring activity, there remain large differences in the actual flaring behaviour of individual sunspot groups within the same McIntosh class.
Vorschläge für eine sinnvolle ICD-10-Kodierung der Osteoporose und der Begleiterkrankungen unter Berücksichtigung der DVO-Leitlinie 2023
Authors: Dahmen Georg P.
Published: February 2025

Seit 1593 wird versucht, eine Klassifikation von Erkrankungen zu entwickeln. Es werden komplexe Krankheiten wie die Osteoporose unter sehr verschiedenen und zum Teil nicht eindeutigen Aspekten katalogisiert. Die aktuell gültige ICD-10-GM 2024 macht es nicht einfach, alle Gesichtspunkte der Osteoporose eineindeutig, das heißt, rückverfolgbar, zu kodieren. Nachfolgend werden Empfehlungen für die Kodierung der Osteoporose sowie der Begleiterkrankungen und Risikofaktoren sowie der Indikatoren für einen Therapiewechsel nach der aktuellen ICD-10 aufgeführt.
Die Rechtsfrage: Muss ich sichtbar radikale Menschen behandeln?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: February 2025

Ein Patient mit deutlich erkennbaren rechtsradikalen Tattoos kommt in meine Praxis. Aufgrund der extremen politischen Richtung möchte ich ihn eigentlich nicht behandeln. Muss ich das trotzdem tun? Ab wann greift das Hausrecht? Was ist, wenn dieser Patient sich rufschädigend auf meine Praxis auswirkt, weil er sich mit diesen Tattoos in den Praxisräumen aufhält?

Therapeutin aus Bayern
Waldtherapie zur Behandlung chronischer muskuloskelettaler
Schmerzen
Authors: Schubert Anika , Röhrig-Herzog Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Die Pilotstudie im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit untersuchte die Wirksamkeit einer
4-stündigen Waldtherapie auf die Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Patient*innen mit
chronischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante
Verbesserungen bei der Schmerzstärke sowie bei psychischen Parametern wie
Depression, Angst und Stress.
High and low efficiency subregimes of breathing mode oscillations in Hall thrusters
Authors: Cichorek Olgierd , Peradzyński Zbigniew
Published: February 2025

Breathing mode oscillations are one of the most prominent plasma oscillations observed in Hall thrusters and are known to appear at a variety of operational conditions. In this study, we employ a 1D fluid numerical model of a Hall discharge to perform extensive parametric investigations with regards to discharge voltage and magnetic field strength. The parametric investigations reveal two distinct regions of breathing mode occurrence in the parametric space: an efficient submode present in the region of moderate discharge voltage and relatively high magnetic field strength and a second, highly inefficient submode present in the region of high discharge voltage and low magnetic field. Besides efficiency, the submodes differ in terms of prevailing mechanisms driving the instability. The efficient submode is found to be driven largely by electron temperature effects, causing the ionization rate to significantly fluctuate during the breathing mode cycle. The inefficient submode is associated with a significant overlap of the ionization region and the region of negative ion velocity, causing the bulk part of the instability to happen in the ion backflow region. As a result, the inefficient mode's instability mechanism consists of cyclic ionization and anode plasma recombination events. It is also found that the inefficient submode is related to operation in a space charge-saturated wall sheath regime. Further analysis reveals that the efficient submode is associated with high current and propellant utilization and moderate voltage utilization. On the other hand, the low-efficiency submode is associated with very low current utilization (due to a large ion backflow current), which outweighs the high propellant and voltage utilization efficiencies by a large margin.
Microstructural geometry revealed by NMR line shape analysis
Authors: Niknam Mohamad , Bouchard Louis-S.
Published: February 2025

We introduce a technique for extracting microstructural geometry from NMR line shape analysis in porous materials at angstrom-scale resolution with the use of weak magnetic field gradients. Diverging from the generally held view of FID signals undergoing simple exponential decay, we show that a detailed analysis of the line shape can unravel structural geometry on much smaller scales than previously thought. While the original q-space PFG NMR relies on strong magnetic field gradients in order to achieve high spatial resolution, our current approach reaches comparable or higher resolution using much weaker gradients. As a model system, we simulated gas diffusion for xenon confined within carbon nanotubes over a range of temperatures and nanotube diameters in order to unveil manifestations of confinement in the diffusion behavior. We report a multiscale scheme that couples the above-mentioned MD simulations with the generalized Langevin equation to estimate the transport properties of interest for this problem, such as diffusivity coefficients and NMR line shapes, using the Green–Kubo correlation function to correctly evaluate time-dependent diffusion. Our results highlight how NMR methodologies can be adapted as effective means toward structural investigation at very small scales when dealing with complicated geometries. This method is expected to find applications in materials science, catalysis, biomedicine, and other areas.
Pulse-tube cryostat for in situ high-pressure experiments
Authors: Li Junlong , Wang Hao , Li Mei , Xu Yixuan , Jiang Jiayue , Zhao Tingting , Li Xiaodong , Li Yanchun , Lin Chuanlong
Published: February 2025

The pulse-tube cooler that works based on the thermoacoustic effect offers several advantages such as high stability with a long operating time, portability with small size and weight, and low vibration. Taking advantage of these benefits, we present a high-pressure cryostat designed based on the pulse-tube cooler. The pulse-tube cryostat is compatible with standard diamond anvil cell (DAC), integrated with the gas membrane for remote pressure control. It can quickly cool the sample in a DAC below 100 K and be used portably for various in situ high-pressure characterization, including optical spectroscopy in the laboratory and x-ray scattering in synchrotron light sources. Compared with liquid cryogen flow cryostats, it exhibits high stability and can work for long times (several days) without consuming liquid nitrogen or helium. By using this device, we have studied the effect of high pressure and low temperature on the fluorescent behavior of ruby in DAC with silicone oil as a pressure-transmitting medium. The results demonstrate that the pulse-tube cryostat provides an alternative cooling method and may find more applications in the high-pressure DAC field due to its compactness and portability.
Molecule design enabled high efficiency flexible zirconium-based lead-free perovskite scintillator
Authors: Guo Yanru , Wang Baiqian , Zhang Xiaoding , An Kang , Zang Zhigang , Li Ru
Published: February 2025

Metal halide perovskites are the most promising candidates in the field of X-ray detection and imaging. However, the self-absorption and toxicity of lead-based perovskites severely limit their widespread application. Herein, zirconium-based halide perovskites have attracted much attention due to their excellent stability, low toxicity, and suitable bandgap, self-free absorption, wide emission spectrum. In this work, (C8H20N)2ZrCl6 single crystals are synthesized by evaporation crystallization, which presents a large Stokes shift of 203 nm, a high PLQY of 80.77%, and good stability over 180 days. Then, the assembled (C8H20N)2ZrCl6@PDMS films show good flexibility (bending and stretching) and a spatial resolution of 5.8 lp/mm. Thus, this work not only provides a route to explore lead-free metal halide perovskites with broadband emission but also demonstrates flexible zirconium-based scintillators for X-ray scintillation imaging.