bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Supporting the Sacred Journey » : les histoires causales et le « problème » de la parentalité autochtone
Authors: Frawley Ashley
Published: December 2020

Cet article explore les « histoires causales » (Stone, 1989) dans la construction des problèmes sociaux vécus par les peuples autochtones canadiens, et ce, par l’intermédiaire de six documents portant sur les familles autochtones et la parentalité, produits par divers organismes officiels. Deux thèmes récurrents ont été identifiés dans ces histoires causales : « la dépossession culturelle à travers la rupture » et « la parentalité en tant que source de problèmes ». Les solutions tendent à se concentrer sur le développement de la force par le soutien et le renouveau culturel, ce dernier point passant par des discours thérapeutiques et des conseils aux parents ancrés dans une perspective euroaméricaine dominante et glocalisée. Il est avancé ici que l’attention est alors potentiellement détournée des inégalités matérielles, tandis que les discours thérapeutiques et sur la parentalité, discours qui sont glocalisés, peuvent agir comme un cheval de Troie permettant d’intervenir davantage dans la vie familiale et de mieux la surveiller.
La circulation des enfants au sein du champ médico-scolaire local dans un quartier populaire en France
Authors: Goudet Jean-Marc
Published: December 2020

Comment expliquer les hétérogénéités de trajectoires médico-scolaires d’enfants scolarisés au sein d’un quartier populaire de métropole dans la France contemporaine ? La régulation des populations enfantines ne se ferait plus uniquement par le contrôle des familles, mais par la prise en compte des critères biomédicaux individuels qui a pour corollaire une production de nouvelles catégories enfantines et le développement d’un marché paramédical libéral. Cela concorde avec l’émergence des « troubles des apprentissages », qui explosent depuis les années 2000 en écho aux lois relatives au handicap et à l’inclusion scolaire. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée de 2017 à 2019 dans les institutions médico-scolaires d’un quartier de métropole, cet article montre l’articulation des paradigmes neuroscientifiques et du déterminisme parental chez les professionnels, les parents, ainsi que leurs effets sur les trajectoires enfantines. Les stratégies parentales, enfantines et professionnelles sont analysées à partir d’études de cas d’enfants, et en croisant des matériaux issus des données d’observation en cabinet d’orthophonie et dans un centre de médecine scolaire avec des entretiens réalisés auprès des mères. Cet article met en évidence deux principaux résultats, d’une part l’extension du paradigme neuroscientifique au champ de l’enfance et de la scolarité avec la création d’un « champ médico-scolaire local », et d’autre part l’émergence d’une « nouvelle hygiène scolaire » construite à partir des normes biomédicales et des critères scolaires. Cette circulation de populations enfantines témoigne du processus de tri lié à la production de nouvelles catégories médico-scolaires qui influencent de manière inédite les trajectoires médico-scolaires dans un contexte d’injonction à la réussite scolaire.
Do We – and Should We – Have a Canadian Bioethics?
Authors: Racine Eric
Published: December 2020

Do we have a genuinely Canadian bioethics – and not only a practice
of bioethics in Canada? This question, and this paper, are about the connection
between bioethics and the actual healthcare, research, and public health experiences
of Canadians. In addressing it, I am inspired by the philosophy of pragmatism that
stresses the importance of everyday experience as a starting point for ethics, and
of human flourishing as a goal for ethics. Through this lens, an ideal Canadian
bioethics is one that is rooted in the lived experiences of Canadians; it reflects
the ideal of flourishing projected by Canadian individuals, including their views on
their political communities. However, it is unclear if a full-fledged Canadian
bioethics has taken shape given increasingly uniform scholarship worldwide that sets
expectations about the kinds of moral problems worth investigating and the kinds of
solutions to be adopted. In the spirit of thinking about this question, I discuss
aspects of Canadian society that could shape the development of a Canadian
bioethics: (a) the existence of competing Canadian political narratives, (b) the
distinctiveness of Canadian healthcare systems and healthcare experiences, (c) the
commitment of Canadians to certain values and aspirations, (d) the institutional and
procedural aspects of the Canadian public sphere, (e) the challenges of increasingly
uniform scholarship across geographic and national contexts, and (f) the practical
obstacles to developing a Canadian bioethics. These challenges that Canadian
bioethics faces are likely relevant internationally for all contexts in which
socially shaped moral problems are discussed and solutions envisioned.
In a Familiar Voice: The Dominant Role of Women in Shaping Canadian Policy on Medical Assistance in Dying
Authors: Pullman Daryl
Published: December 2020

Among the many remarkable aspects of the June 2016 introduction of legislation to permit medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in Canada, is the central and even dominant role that women have played in moving this legislation forward, and their ongoing influence as the law continues to be reviewed and revised. The index medical cases on which the higher courts have deliberated concern women patients, and the legal decisions in the various courts have been presided over by women justices. Since the legislation has become law in Canada, women have been among the most vocal and enthusiastic proponents for expanding the criteria to ensure MAiD is more accessible to more Canadians. In this paper, I discuss how the voice of women in this debate is not the ‘different voice’ of second wave feminism first articulated by Carol Gilligan and then adapted and expanded in the ethics of care and relational ethics literature. Instead it is the very familiar voice of the ethics of personal autonomy, individual rights and justice which feminist critics have long decried as inadequate to the task of articulating a comprehensive social morality. I argue for the need to reassert the different voice of relational ethics and the ethics of care into our ongoing discussion of MAiD.
Habiliter l’ergothérapeute-chercheur à résoudre les enjeux éthiques de la recherche
Authors: Drolet Marie-Josée , Girard Karoline
Published: December 2020

La recherche est une occupation propice à l’émergence d’enjeux éthiques, en outre parce qu’elle est liée à des conflits d’intérêts parfois difficiles à gérer et se réalise dans un contexte hautement compétitif qui valorise la performance. Alors que les enjeux éthiques de la pratique clinique de l’ergothérapie commencent à être documentés, les enjeux éthiques vécus par les chercheurs en ergothérapie et les moyens qu’ils utilisent pour gérer ces enjeux ne sont quasiment pas documentés. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative qui a documenté les moyens (macro, méso et micro) qui sont proposés par des ergothérapeutes-chercheurs pour résoudre les enjeux éthiques de la recherche. Onze ergothérapeutes (n=11) ont participé à la recherche et partagent les moyens qu’ils utilisent ou envisagent pour gérer les enjeux éthiques de la recherche qu’ils vivent comme chercheur. Les moyens proposés par les ergothérapeutes rejoignent plusieurs moyens suggérés dans les écrits, quoique certains moyens proposés dans les écrits relatifs à la relation à établir avec les participants de recherche soient peu abordés par les participants, ce qui est surprenant compte tenu des valeurs humanistes au fondement de la profession d’ergothérapeute. Au final, cet article qui présente une synthèse à la fois des moyens répertoriés dans des écrits pour résoudre les enjeux éthiques de la recherche et ceux discutés par les participants vise à habiliter l’ergothérapeute-chercheur à résoudre les enjeux que pose la recherche académique tout en restant fidèle aux valeurs de la profession.
Human Rights and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): A Contractarian Approach
Authors: de Araujo Marcelo
Published: December 2020

What are human rights? Do they exist? I propose to answer these questions by advancing a contractarian account of human rights. I focus on the human right to found a family and have children. I also show how the contractarian approach to human rights can explain the current relevance of reproductive rights in the human rights discourse, and how the emergence of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) has contributed to this shift. The contractarian account of human rights asks, firstly, the following question: which basic needs and desires can be ascribed to any human being regardless of gender, nationality, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity etc.? Having an interest, for instance, in preserving one’s own bodily integrity, freedom, and private property qualifies as a basic human need or basic desire. But a basic human need or desire does not constitute in itself a human right. Secondly, the contractarian account of human rights asks, then, which basic human needs or basic desires individuals and states representatives would consider so important that they would agree to create institutional frameworks, both at the domestic and international level, in such a way as to enable individuals to pursue the fulfilment of their basic needs or desires without state interference. Human rights exist and can only be claimed in the context of these normative frameworks.
Transmettre le génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda : l’efficacité de la fiction dans L’Aîné des orphelins
Authors: Brinker Virginie
Published: December 2020

L’Aîné des Orphelins a connu une réception critique ambivalente, à l’image du roman lui-même et de son narrateur. La pluralité des interprétations, quelquefois contradictoires, permises par le roman, révèle une poétique de la « distraction », au sens étymologique de « tirer en sens divers », « détourner ». En effet, par ces procédés de retardement et ces digressions, par la richesse symbolique – parfois paradoxale – des interprétations qu’il déploie, le roman et son personnage principal permettent de mettre au jour, au-delà de l’histoire même du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda, la profonde complexité d’un phénomène comme celui du génocide, dont une partie de la réalité échappe toujours à la pleine et consciente compréhension.
La Tribu des gonzesses : le théâtre d’un romancier, une expérience marginale ?
Authors: Kabuya Ramcy
Published: December 2020

Expérience tardive, l’unique texte de théâtre de Tierno Monénembo est inséparable de l’ensemble de son oeuvre romanesque. La Tribu des gonzesses est tributaire de cette longue et lente construction que l’auteur poursuit depuis une trentaine d’années. T. Monénembo y réutilise tous les ressorts narratifs et stylistiques qui composent son univers fictionnel. Tout en s’inscrivant dans cette continuité, ce texte comporte des éléments nouveaux, pour ne pas dire novateurs, qui donnent à cette unique pièce une importance particulière. Le passage d’un genre à l’autre semble avoir été chez T. Monénembo une façon d’introduire, dans une oeuvre déjà riche, de nouvelles pistes à explorer. Le théâtre apparaît alors, par sa position marginale, comme une sorte de laboratoire de l’écrivain. C’est ce passage d’un genre à l’autre et les conséquences qu’il produit que nous avons voulu étudier en examinant ce texte comme support de travail pour la scène.
La función del nombre y sus cambios en la conformación de la identidad del héroe en «Espejo de príncipes y caballeros» de Diego Ortúñez de Calahorra
Authors: Ayala Rodríguez Maribel
Published: December 2020

En diversas obras literarias el nombre de los personajes es un repositorio de elementos importantes para el desarrollode la trama. En los libros de caballerías, además, el cambio de nombre es un recurso que destaca por su utilidad paramarcar distintas etapas o aventuras en el desarrollo de los héroes. El Espejo de príncipes y caballeros de Diego Ortúñez de Calahorra (1555) es una excepción, pues su protagonista, el Cavallero del Febo, cambia de nombre una sola vez. No obstante, en esta historia tienen lugar conflictos que en otras obras son desencadenados típicamente por los cambios de nombre. Por ello, este artículo busca exponer los rasgos particulares del nombre del Cavallero del Feboy cómo éstos se relacionan con su identidad y le permiten prescindir del cambio de nombre sin afectar el desarrollodel libro de caballerías.
Destellos de realidad a través de la vestimenta: la influencia de la moda europea del siglo XVI en algunos libros de caballerías hispánicos
Authors: Flores García Andrea
Published: December 2020

En los libros de caballerías aparecen reflejos de la moda europea del siglo XVI. Algunos personajes, como Amadís,Tristán, Oriana, etc., visten lujosas telas, vestidos y adornos similares a los de algunos monarcas como los Reyes Católicos, Carlos V y Felipe II. El presente trabajo estudia la influencia de la moda europea en los libros de caballerías,las similitudes entre los bordados, telas y diseños descritos en la ficción de caballerías y la indumentaria que apareceen algunas pinturas de la época. Se observa el interés de las damas de la corte por crear prendas para los príncipes, ensemejanza a las doncellas que confeccionan y bordan ropas para sus caballeros.
Los caballeros andantes en la obra de Feliciano de Silva: entre la tolerancia y el relativismo religioso
Authors: Setkowicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

El artículo se centra en el cambio de paradigma de la materia religiosa que se realiza en las entregas del ciclo amadisiano escritas por Feliciano de Silva. En primer lugar, se describen los principios conservadores de la caballería andante seguidos en Lisuarte de Grecia y luego, a manera de contraste, todo un abanico de actitudes frente a la religión que van apareciendo a partir de Amadís de Grecia hasta la cuarta parte de Florisel de Niquea. En este contexto, entre los caballeros y las princesas surgen varias posturas que sobrepasan los límites de lo aceptable en una sociedad de cristianos viejos. El relativismo religioso caracteriza a los personajes paganos y algunos de ellos terminan bautizándose movidos por razones pragmáticas o de mayor importancia (el amor). Por otra parte, si bien es cierto que ninguno de los cristianos reniega de su fe ni se muestra disponible a hacerlo, se cometen varios errores inadmisibles: los caballeros fingen ser de otra fe, mantienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres idólatras, uno de ellos incluso comete bigamia al convivir en matrimonio con una pagana, aun sabiendo que así ofende a Dios. No obstante, el caso más considerable entre los señalados es el del ficticio autor de la saga, Galersis, de quien se afirma que no solo rechaza la propuesta de convertirse, sino decide vivir hasta el final de sus días en su ley pagana.
El poder del sonido: «El jardín de Falerina», comedia caballeresca de Calderón
Authors: Kroll Simon
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se analiza la presencia del concepto pitagórico de la armonía universal en la época premoderna. Seinvestiga cómo Calderón adapta el motivo de la maga y de su jardín de las novelas caballerescas al teatro y cómo creaen el lenguaje de las comedias caballerescas una imagen fulminante del poder del sonido sobre el hombre. Si bien elconcepto pitagórico de la armonía universal ya parece obsoleto, hay en la actualidad numerosos estudios que demuestran la influencia del sonido sobre el ser humano. Por cual puede decirse que Calderón nos proporciona una puestaen escena de esta influencia en el lenguaje de las comedias caballerescas.
Ironia i sàtira: l’aparició d’una nova Teodora al tron imperial bizantí
Authors: Redondo Jordi
Published: December 2020

El present treball mira de presentar el personatge de l’anònima emperadriu al Tirant lo Blanc ha estat modelat sota elpatró de la tradició literària sobre l’emperadriu bizantina Teodora. La seua etopiea es deu a un autor contemporani,l’historiador Procopi, el qual va conèixer personalment i de molt a prop la vida a palau. El joc intertextual aporta unaprova sòlida, en la nostra opinió, sobre la recepció del personatge a partir de la ltradició literària bizantina.
Les lletres de batalla de Bernat de Vilarig, Joanot Galceran de la Serra i Jofre Pardo al «Tirant lo Blanc». Un inventari
Authors: Pujol Josep
Published: December 2020

A partir d’una pista oberta per Martí de Riquer el 1986, aquest article inventaria 56 passatges del Tirant lo Blanc que integren fragments de les lletres de batalla que s’intercanviaren els cavallers valencians Bernat de Vilarig, Joanot Galceran de la Serra i Jofre Pardo entre 1452 i 1453. L’inventari és precedit per una caracterització de la correspondència, amb atenció a les referències literàries que s’hi contenen.
La recepció de «Tirant lo Blanch» a la València dels segles XIX i XX
Authors: Roca Rafael
Published: December 2020

Durant la segona meitat del segle XIX els intel·lectuals valencians manifestaren un notable interés per les principalsobres del Quatre-cents, entre les quals la novel·la Tirant lo Blanch, que, en no haver sigut editada en català durantl’Edat Moderna, fins a 1873 pràcticament només fou accessible per a bibliotecaris i erudits. Així, l’article repassa elsesforços d’aproximació, divulgació i estudi que, amb la inestimable ajuda del mallorquí Marià Aguiló, entre 1866 i1928 realitzaren els escriptors valencians vinculats al moviment de la Renaixença per tal de valorar i reivindicar l’obrade Joanot Martorell; i els situa com el primer pas d’un llarg procés de recuperació que s’estengué al llarg de tot elsegle XX.
El reinado de Arturo en la «Historia de Inglaterra» de Rodrigo de Cuero
Authors: Soriano Robles Antonio Contreras, Lourdes
Published: December 2020

El reinado de Arturo ocupa un lugar destacado en la tradición historiográfica británica desde que en el siglo XIIGeoffrey de Monmouth lo insertara en la genealogía de reyes ingleses. La obra del monje galés devino la fuenteprincipal de la mayoría de narraciones y crónicas medievales y post-medievales que aparecieron hasta bien entradoel siglo XVIII, entre ellas el Brut en prosa o The Chronicles of England. De una impresión de esta última (London:Wynkyn de Worde, 1502) procede la traducción castellana de Rodrigo de Cuero, la Historia de Inglaterra con el fruto delos tiempos (1509), encargada por Catalina de Aragón. El objetivo del artículo es examinar el tratamiento de los episodiosdedicados al reinado del legendario monarca en la versión castellana y las alteraciones que presenta respectode su fuente inglesa.
Ovidi Nasó, Publi, «Heroides. Traducció catalana medieval de Guillem Nicolau», ed. Josep Pujol, Barcelona, Barcino – Fundació Carulla, 2018
Authors: Grifoll Isabel
Published: December 2020

Ressenya de l'edició de Publi Ovidi Nasó, Heroides. Traducció catalana medieval de Guillem Nicolau, ed. Josep Pujol, Barcelona, Barcino – Fundació Carulla, 2018
Páez de Ribera, «Florisando», ed. M.ª Aurora García Ruiz, Alcalá de Henares / Jaén, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares / Universidad de Jaén, 2018
Authors: García Álvarez Juan Pablo Mauricio
Published: December 2020

Ressenya de l'edició de Páez de Ribera, Florisando, ed. M.ª Aurora García Ruiz, Alcalá de Henares / Jaén, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares / Universidad de Jaén, 2018.
Torroella, Guillem de, «La Faula», ed. Anna Maria Compagna, trad. Jean-Marie Barberà, París, Classiques Garnier, 2019
Authors: Grilli Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

Ressenya de l'edició de Guillem de Torroella, La Faula, ed. Anna Maria Compagna, trad. Jean-Marie Barberà, París, Classiques Garnier, 2019.
Grilli, Giuseppe, «Perpetuum mobile. La permanencia del mito en las modernidades», Roma, Tab, 2019
Authors: Mompó Navarro Jacob
Published: December 2020

Ressenya del llibre de Giuseppe, Grilli, "Perpetuum mobile". La permanencia del mito en las modernidades, Roma, Tab, 2019.
Effectiveness of Self-Regulated Learning Intervention Program in Forethought Phase of a School Underachiever
Authors: Matitaputty Eunike Karina Nadine , Kurniawati Farida
Published: December 2020

When someone fails to achieve their potential, it is called underachievement. This phenomenon is predominantly observed for adolescent, particularly during the transition to middle school. This finding is observed because they are obligated to adapt to many internal and external changes. Several studies have confirmed that underachievement is caused by poor self-regulated learning skills. In this study, researchers adapted the Self-Regulation Empowerment Program (SREP) to help  middle school student improve their self-regulation skills in learning. This program focuses on increasing the knowledge (cognitive domain) on self-regulated learning at the forethought phase by the means of SREP. This research adopts a single-case experimental design, particularly the A-B design. The analysis is performed by observing how well the participant performs in terms of success indicators, comparison between pretest and posttest scores, and qualitative analysis. Hence, the participant could achieve all success indicators in each session. This intervention program is effective in increasing knowledge on self-regulated learning at the forethought phase in empowerment and goal setting aspects. However, it is not effective in improving the time-management aspect. The procedures in this intervention can be adapted by parent and teachers to help the participant in improving their self-regulated learning ability.
Modified method for diffraction aberration of one-dimensional wire chamber
Authors: Wen Zhi-Wen  , Qi Hui-Rong  , Dai Hong-Liang  , Zhang Yu-Lian  , Zhang Jian  , Wei Kun  , Ouyang Qun  , Shao Jian-Xiong  ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000 China;,   State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, China;,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2020

The one-dimensional position sensitive wire gaseous detector is developed for the synchrotron radiation diffraction, which consists of a single wire of gold-plated tungsten and 200 cathode strips as the readout. The induced signal is produced by the several adjacent cathode strips when X-ray is incident on anode wire with high voltage. Using the center gravity method to analyze the adjacent signals in one dimension, the primary ionization position of the X-ray can be obtained and the position resolution is 160 μm (FWHM). In Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the diffraction test is done at the experimental station. When the X-ray irradiates the crystal sample of SiO2, the different sizes of the diffraction rings can be produced. The diffraction angles are measured to be 11.148° and 14.201°, and the two-dimensional diffraction rings are reconstructed when the detector is moved and scanned with the several steps in the diffraction ring range. The diffraction aberration of one-dimensional wire chamber is very obvious. In the paper, the relevant influence factors of the detector construct are discussed. The thickness of the working gas and the width of active area window can give rise to the diffraction ring aberration. The theoretical calculation value of the diffraction aberration is larger than the position resolution value of the gaseous detector. The correction method is established based on the corresponding physical analysis, and by this method the value of the diffraction ring point is calculated. The relative aberration of diffraction position is improved by up to 7% with using the method, and the two-dimensional diffraction ring with no aberration can be reconstructed.
Single-mode narrow linewidth random fiber laser with enhanced feedback from Rayleigh scattering
Authors: Li Yang  , Liu Yan  , Liu Zhi-Bo  , Jian Shui-Sheng  ,   Key Laboratory of All Optical Network and Advanced Telecommunication Network Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Published: December 2020

The origin of Rayleigh scattering in fiber waveguides is numerically demonstrated, which indicates that the inhomogeneous doping and diameter variations during drawing are the two dominant reasons. And the scattering fiber with a loss as high as 0.54 dB/km is successfully fabricated based on such principles. The overall Rayleigh backscattering intensity of 5 km scattering fiber is 5 dB higher than that of SMF-28 with the same length in telecommunication window. The principle of single-mode random fiber laser is also studied. The emission spectrum is the superposition of a large number of random modes with arbitrary amplitudes and phases, among which only the highest gain modes can lasing through gain competition. In experiment, a single-mode erbium-doped fiber linear laser with a narrow linewidth of 3.5 kHz and a high contrast of 50 dB is achieved by combining with 500 m scattering fiber as the random feedback. The threshold pump current is reduced by 80 mA and the max output power is increased by 3 dBm for the proposed laser compared with those of the laser with 500 m SMF-28 as the feedback. The tunabiltiy of the proposed laser is determined mainly by the fiber Bragg grating.
Research and design of directional heat transmission structure based on metamaterial
Authors: Sun Liang-Kui  , Yu Zhe-Feng  , Huang Jie  ,   China Aerodynamics Reasearch and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the research of thermal cloak, directional heat transmission structure is proposed in this paper. On the basis of transformation thermodynamics, the thermal conductivity expression for directional heat transmission structure is derived by the oblique coordinate transformation. The results from the numeric calculation indicate that the heat flux flows to the designed high temperature side while the low temperature side remains at low temperature. Furthermore, rotational transformation is performed on the basis of oblique coordinate transformation. The derived thermal conductivity expression has two vertical segments. The calculation results display that with the increase of the thermal conductivity along the normal of the high temperature side, the heat transmission efficiency is improved greatly. Moreover, the temperature difference between the high and low temperature side increases after the rotational transformation. Directional heat transmission has potential applications in infrared stealth and heat protection.
Numerical simulation research of plasma characteristics in a multi-cusp proton source based on magnets layout
Authors: Yang Chao  , Yin Mao-Wei  , Shang Li-Ping  , Wang Wei  , Liu Yi  , Xia Lian-Sheng  , Deng Jian-Jun  ,   School of National Defense Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;,   Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: December 2020

It is significant to study negative hydrogen ion source for the construction of Chinese national spallation neutron source (CSNS) and the implementation of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) project. Numerical simulation is an indispensable research measure due to the physical characteristics of ion source. In view of the facts above, in this paper we first elaborate the self-developed three-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) algorithm and then describe the mechanism of negative hydrogen ion (H-) volume production. Based on these, the multi-cusp proton source of the Chinese atomic energy research center is systematically simulated. In the cases of the same polarities and the opposite polarities of extraction magnetic fields, multi-cusp proton source discharge characteristics are discussed and analyzed respectively. The result shows that in the case of the opposite polarities of the two extraction magnets, magnetic drift directions near the two extraction magnets are the same and have great values, namely intense magnetic drift, which causes the total number of electrons to be big, and induces the high-energy electrons to become active in a specific area. And so, the volume production rate of H- ions is higher, that is to say, H- ions present Y drift. On the contrary, in the case of the same polarities of the two extraction magnets, the binding effect of electron is worse and the volume production rate of H- ions is lower, but spatial distribution of volume production H- is uniform.
Evaluating influential spreaders in complex networks by extension of degree
Authors: Min Lei  , Liu Zhi  , Tang Xiang-Yang  , Chen Mao  , Liu San-Ya  ,   National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
Published: December 2020

Evaluating influential spreaders in networks is of great significance for promoting the dissemination of beneficial information or inhibiting the spreading of harmful information. Currently, there are some central indices that can be used to evaluate spreading influence of {nodes}. However, most of them ignore the spreading probability and take into consideration only the network topology or the location of source node, so the excellent results can be achieved only when the spreading probability is in a specified range. For example, the degree centrality is appropriate for a minor spreading probability, but to ensure the accuracy, semi-local and closeness centralities are more suitable for a slightly larger one. To solve the sensitivity problem of spreading probability, a novel algorithm is proposed based on the extension of degree. In this algorithm, the coverage area of degree is recursively extended by the overlapping of degree of neighbors, which makes different extension levels correspond to different spreading probabilities. For a certain spreading probability, the proper level index is calculated by finding the most correlate ranking sequences of sampling {nodes}, which is obtained by matching the results of different spreading levels and SIR simulation. In this paper, the relationship between extension level and spreading probability is explained by the theory of fitting the weight and infected possibility of {nodes}, and the feasibility of the sampling method is verified by the computational experiments. The experimental results on both real and computer-generated datasets show that the proposed algorithm can effectively evaluate the spreading influences of {nodes} under different spreading probabilities, and the performance is close or even superior to that evaluated by using other central indices.
Numerical calculation and discussion on the return photon number of sodium laser beacon excited by a macro-micro pulse laser
Authors: Liu Xiang-Yuan  , Qian Xian-Mei  , Zhang Sui-Meng  , Cui Chao-Long  ,   School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China;,   Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: December 2020

Sodium laser beacon (SLB) excited by a macro-micro pulse laser with low power has the following advantages: the return photons without fluctuations and the high merit quantity, although the laser beam propagation and the size of SLB suffer form the atmospheric turbulence. In addition, the macro-pulse profile may influence the interaction of laser and sodium atoms. For the macro-pulse with a Gaussian profile, it is useful to enhance the merit quantity and the excitation probability of the SLB to increase the width of micropulse. In order to obtain more of the return photons in the SLB, while increasing the laser power, the fine beam quality, the appropriate launch diameter, and the spectral width of the laser etc. must be considered. Therefore, it is of practical significance for the SLB with fine characteristics to optimize the laser parameters, the launch diameter and launch pattern.
An efficient adaptive beam-space transformation technique and its application in array processing
Authors: Fan Zhan  , Liang Guo-Long  , Wang Jin-Jin  , Wang Yan  , Tao Kai  ,   Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin 150001, China;,   College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Published: December 2020

Beam-space transformation projects the array data into a lower space, which is not only effective in reducing computation time, improving performance, but also being capable to suppress interference. In contrast to conventional adaptive beam-space transformation method, which often requires adjusting the beam-space matrix and steering vectors online, an efficient adaptive beam-space transformation method is proposed. In the proposed method, the beam-space covariance matrix and the steering vector both have closed-forms, and do not depend on the adaptive beam-space matrix. This eliminates the online adjustment process, and, thus, improves the computational efficiency. Finally, the proposed method can also be applied to the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that it has a better DOA estimation performance than the conventional adaptive method. Furthermore, the proposed method also has another significant advantage, i.e., it is able to suppress moving interference. This can be ascribed to the proposed beam-space matrix which is independent of the historical data, and, thus, effective to avoid the mismatch between the training and application data, since this mismatch often occurs in conventional adaptive methods.
Calculations of the hydrogen storage of the boron carbon Fullerefle C18B2M(M=Li, Ti, Fe)
Authors: Tang Chun-Mei  , Wang Cheng-Ji  , Gao Feng-Zhi  , Zhang Yi-Jie  , Xu Yan  , Gong Jiang-Feng  ,   College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Published: December 2020

The generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory is applied to study the hydrogen storage capacity of the alkali metal atom Li, transition metal atoms Ti and Fe decorated C18B2M(M=Li, Ti, Fe) fullerefles. It is found that the metal is bonding to C18B2 stronger than to C20. When the average adsorption energy of C18B2Li-nH2 is low, and the binding of H2 to C18B2Fe is too strong, C18B2Ti-nH2 has the average adsorption energy between 0.45-0.59 eV, which is in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 eV, so it can realize the reflersible adsorption of H2. A maximum number of H2 adsorbed on to C20B2M(M=Li, Ti, Fe) should be 4, 6, and 4, for Li, Ti, and Fe respectively; this agrees well with the 18 electronic rule. C18B2Li adsorbs H2 molecules mainly through the static electronic field formed by Li ions, while C18B2Ti and C18B2Fe adsorb H2 mainly through the Kubas interaction. Therefore, C18B2Ti can not only adsorb more H2 molecules, but also realize the reflersible hydrogen storage.
Plasmonic lens with long focal length and tight focusing under illumination of a radially polarized light
Authors: Lu Yun-Qing  , Hu Si-Leng  , Lu Yi  , Xu Ji  , Wang Jin  ,   College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: December 2020

Plasmonic lens (PL) is a nano-optical device, with which a tight focusing spot in a subwavelength-scale can be achieved by exciting and controlling surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), thus the diffraction limit can be broken for attaining the shorter effective wavelength of the SPPs. The key issue in studying the PL is to achieve a tight focusing point and focus-control effectively. Optimal plasmonic focusing can be achieved by utilizing the radially polarized light and the rotational symmetric structures of the PL. Radially polarized light is a cylindrical vector beam whose local polarization of electric field is always parallel to the radial direction. As a radially polarized light is used as the incident light in a PL, the SPPs can be excited in all directions, so as to increase the efficiency of focussing. The focussing efficiency can be further increased, and the characteristics of the focus, such as spot size, shape, and strength etc., can be manipulated through appropriate designs of the PL structures. In this work, under an illumination of a radially polarized light, a new type of plasmonic lens is proposed to achieve a long depth of focus (DOF), a long focal length, and a sub-wavelength-scale tight focussing spot. This kind of plasmonic lens consists of a T-shape micro-hole, concentric rings, and multi-level step-like structures. The focussing properties of such plasmonic lenses are analyzed in terms of the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show that SPPs can be excited efficiently in such structures and the tight-focusing is realized via the multiple-beam interference between the light radiating from the concentric rings and the transmitted light from the center hole. The T-shape micro-hole and step-like concentric ring structures can provide control for the phase modulation and the propagation direction of the SPPs along the bottom of the groove, thus leading to a compressed focal spot, a longer focal length, an increased depth of focus, and to improving the focussing properties. In an optimized PL design, a focal spot of ～2.5λ0 DOF, ～0.388λ0 FWHM, and ～3.22λ0 focal length is achieved under the illumination of a radially polarized light (λ0=632.8 nm). The PL structure is compact, and can be easily integrated with other nano-devices. The PL proposed above has potential applications in nano-scale photonic integration, near-field imaging and sensing, nano-photolithography, and in other related areas.
Edge mode of InAs/GaSb quantum spin hall insulator in magnetic field
Authors: Wang Qing  , Sheng Li  ,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;,   Center of Artificial Microstructure Science and Technology Innovation, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: December 2020

The properties of the edge states in the topological insulator InAs/GaSb/AlSb quantum well in the preflence of a perpendicular magnetic field are studied numerically. The effect of the magnetic field is included in our model by adding an on-site Zeeman term and a vector potential to the electron wave vector: k+eA. When the material is in the topologically nontrivial state, a pair of degenerate counter-propagating spin-polarized edge states exist in the bulk band gap on each edge of the sample, which are gapless in the absence of the magnetic field due to the protection of the time reflersal symmetry. #br#Nonzero magnetic field breaks the time reflersal symmetry, and leads to Landau levels in the electron energy spectrum. However, one can still find a pair of counter-propagating spin-polarized edge states in the bulk energy gap near each sample boundary.The edge states are gapped, and their distributions relative the sample edge depend on the strength of the magnetic field. With the increase of the magnetic field, one edge state remains located near the sample boundary, but the other tends to evolve into the bulk gradually. Furthermore, we study the scattering between the two edge states caused by impurities. We show that the scattering rate is suppressed because of the spatial separation of two edge states, and shows no significant enhancement when the magnetic field increases, which suggests that even though the time reflersal symmetry is broken, the quantum spin Hall state remains to be relatively robust.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers studied by anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Ju Hai-Lang  , Li Bao-He  , Wu Zhi-Fang  , Zhang Fan  , Liu Shuai  , Yu Guang-Hua  ,   School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China;,   Department of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Published: December 2020

Co/Ni multilayers with Pt underlayers have been prepared by magnetron sputtering technique, and their perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was studied by the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The PMA of the samples can be studied by the intensity of Hall signal (RHall), remanence ratio (Mr/Ms), coercivity (HC) and the squarefless of the samples in the Hall hysteresis loops. A clear PMA is observed in the as-deposited amorphous Co/Ni multilayers. The PMA of Co/Ni multilayers is strongly dependent on the thicknesses of Pt, Co, and Ni, and the number of Co/Ni bilayers. After testing, the thicknesses of Pt, Co, and Ni, and the periodic number (n) of Co/Ni bilayers are determined to be 2 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.4 nm and 1 respectively. The optimum Co/Ni multilayer with excellent performance of PMA has a structureflexpressed as Pt(2)/Co(0.2)/Ni(0.4)/Co(0.2)/Pt(2). The hysteresis loop of the sample with the field applied in plane is tested, showing the characteristics of hard axis typically. PMA can be measured by the anisotropy constant Keff which is determined by the competition of the interface anisotropy to the volume anisotropy. If the interface anisotropy is dominant, the sample will have PMA. The anisotropy constant Keff of Pt(2)/Co(0.2)/Ni(0.4)/Co(0.2)/Pt(2) is 3.6×105 J/m3, illustrating that it has an excellent PMA, and the interface anisotropy of Co/Ni is the main factor that makes Keff a larger value. Since the thickness of magnetic layer in the optimum sample is only 0.8 nm and the total thickness of it less than 5 nm, the integration of the device can be studied further. Furthermore, the coercivity of an optimum Co/Ni multilayered sample is relatively small and can be increased by inserting an oxidation layer or by other ways.
Improvement of the color-stability in top-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes by utilizing step-doping in emission layers
Authors: Zhang Ya-Nan  , Wang Jun-Feng  ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Published: December 2020

Chromatic stability and purity cannot be acquired easily in the top-emitting white organic light-emitting diode (TWOLED) due to its special device structure with metal film as both anode and cathode. Blue/red/blue emission layers are utilized to optimize the chromaticity and to improve the stability. Then step-doping is introduced into the red emission layer to further improve the device stability. In order to explain the mechanism of the improvement in chromaticity stability, effects of step-doping on the device performances are analyzed in detail. Experimental results refleal that the built-in electric field induced by the step-doping changes the carrier drifting and exciton recombination in emission layers. When the doping concentration gradually increases from the anode side to the cathode side (increasing step-doping), the built-in electric field is facilitated to suppress the electron drafting and the exciton diffusing, which helps control the exciton recombination zone. Color stability can be improved in the TWOLED with increasing step-doping. Additionally, as an important factor influencing the emission spectra of TWOLEDs, microcavity resonance is calculated and used to explain the variation of spectra induced by device structural changes.
A photocatalysis system based on composite nanostructures of controlable peptide nanotubes and graphene
Authors: Xue Bin  , Wang Hong-Yang  , Qin Meng  , Cao Yi  , Wang Wei  ,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: December 2020

Self-assembly is the way that is used by Mother Nature to create complex materials of hierarchical shapes and diverse functionalities. The photosynthesis apparatus of plant is an example of such complex materials that can direct convert the sunlight energy into chemical energy. Inspired by this, many artificial photosynthesis systems have been successfully engineered. However, most of these systems were based on only one type of simple nanostructure, such as nanosphere or nanotube. The charge separation and exciton transfer in such systems may be further improved by combining multiple nano-structures. Here, we report a novel photo catalysis system based on composite nanostructures of controllable peptide nanotubes and graphene. We use the mixture of diphenylalanine (FF) and carboxyl graphene for the photo catalysis because they are stable under different solvent conditions and highly conductive, which can provide more paths for exciton transfer. Moreover, the diameters of the peptide nanotubes become thinner in the preflence of carboxyl graphene, leading to a more uniformly distributed system than simply using the peptide nanotubes alone. The FF peptide nanotubes can connect with the carbonyl graphene (CG) to form the composite nanostructures because of the π-π stacking interaction between benzene rings of FF and conjugated πup bond of CG. The composite nanostructures of controllable peptide nanotubes and graphene provide more transmission channels for the excitions since they can travel on the nanotubes, CG or the compound of the both. We also demonstrate that when the photo-harvesting ruthenium complex and catalytic platinum nanoparticles are deposited on the system, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP+) can reduce to NADPH. The catalytic efficiency and rate are much higher than thaose of other artificial photosynthesis systems reported in the literature. Surprisingly, we find that the catalytic efficiency of the combined system is better than the sum of separated systems with only FF nanotubes or carboxyl graphene. The high turnover frequency, high reaction rate, and low toxicity of this artificial photosynthesis system will make the combined system attractive for large-scale applications, including optoelectronic industry, energy industry, etc.