bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory dynamics of Rac1 activity in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae
Authors: Šoštar Marko , Marinović Maja , Filić Vedrana , Pavin Nenad , Weber Igor
Published: December 2024

Small GTPases of the Rho family play a central role in the regulation of cell motility by controlling the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum, the active form of the Rho GTPase Rac1 regulates actin polymerases at the leading edge and actin filament bundling proteins at the posterior cortex of polarized cells. We monitored the spatiotemporal dynamics of Rac1 and its effector DGAP1 in vegetative amoebae using specific fluorescent probes. We observed that plasma membrane domains enriched in active Rac1 not only exhibited stable polarization, but also showed rotations and oscillations, whereas DGAP1 was depleted from these regions. To simulate the observed dynamics of the two proteins, we developed a mass-conserving reaction-diffusion model based on the circulation of Rac1 between the membrane and the cytoplasm coupled with its activation by GEFs, deactivation by GAPs and interaction with DGAP1. Our theoretical model accurately reproduced the experimentally observed dynamic patterns, including the predominant anti-correlation between active Rac1 and DGAP1. Significantly, the model predicted a new colocalization regime of these two proteins in polarized cells, which we confirmed experimentally. In summary, our results improve the understanding of Rac1 dynamics and reveal how the occurrence and transitions between different regimes depend on biochemical reaction rates, protein levels and cell size. This study not only expands our knowledge of the behavior of Rac1 GTPases in D. discoideum amoebae but also demonstrates how specific modes of interaction between Rac1 and its effector DGAP1 lead to their counterintuitively anti-correlated dynamics.
Strategic vaccination responses to Chikungunya outbreaks in Rome: Insights from a dynamic transmission model
Authors: Sloof Albertus Constantijn , Boer Martijn , Vondeling Gerard T. , de Roo Adrianne M. , Jaramillo Juan Carlos , Postma Maarten J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks, driven by the expanding habitat of the Aedes albopictus mosquito and global climate change, pose a significant threat to public health. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of emergency vaccination using a dynamic disease transmission model for a potential large-scale outbreak in Rome, Italy.

Methods

The model incorporates a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) framework for human and mosquito populations, taking into account temperature-dependent mosquito lifecycle dynamics, human-mosquito interactions, and various vaccination scenarios.

Findings

Results indicate that emergency vaccination could significantly mitigate the impact of a CHIKV outbreak. Without vaccination, an outbreak is estimated to infect up to 6.21% of Rome’s population, equating to approximately 170,762 individuals. Implementing rapid vaccination after detecting the virus in ten individuals and achieving 40% coverage could reduce infection rates by 82%, preventing 139,805 cases. Scenario and sensitivity analyses confirm that even with lower vaccination coverage rates, significant benefits are observed: at 10% coverage, the number of infections drops to 115,231, and at 20% coverage, it further reduces to 76,031. These scenarios indicate prevention of approximately 33% and 55% of infections, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the critical role of timely vaccination interventions in outbreak settings, demonstrating that even modest coverage levels can markedly decrease the spread of CHIKV. This study underscores the importance of preparedness, early detection and adaptive response capabilities to manage emerging infectious diseases in urban centres, advocating for strategic vaccine stockpiling and rapid deployment mechanisms to enhance public health outcomes.
Seroepidemiology of trachoma in a low prevalence region receiving annual mass azithromycin distribution in Maradi, Niger
Authors: Amza Abdou , Kadri Boubacar , Nassirou Beido , Arzika Ahmed , Gebreegziabher Elisabeth , Hu Huiyu , Zhong Lina , Chen Cindi , Yu Danny , Abraham Thomas , Liu YuHeng , Wickens Karana , Doan Thuy , Martin Diana , Arnold Benjamin F. , Lietman Thomas M. , Oldenburg Catherine E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Trachoma programs use the indicator trachomatous inflammation-—follicular (TF) to monitor indication for and response to treatment for trachoma at the district level. Alternative indicators, including serologic markers, are increasingly being evaluated for trachoma surveillance. We evaluated seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to the Pgp3 antigen in two districts in Maradi, Niger thought to have low TF prevalence.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment of the Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET) trial in September 2021. A random sample of 80 communities was selected from Mayahi and Guidan Roumdji districts, both of which had TF prevalence <20% at their most recent trachoma impact survey in 2018. A random sample of 50 children per community was sampled. We collected field grades, conjunctival swabs for processing PCR for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, and dried blood spots for serologic assessment.

Results

Of 3,994 children sampled in 80 communities, 49% were female and median age was 4 years. Overall TF prevalence was 4.6% (95% CI 3.5 to 5.8%) and trachomatous inflammation—intense (TI) prevalence was 0.6% (95% 0.3 to 0.9%). The prevalence of ocular chlamydia was 0.03% (95% CI 0.08%). Seroprevalence for Pgp3 antibodies was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5 to 7.1%) in 1–9-year-olds and 3.7% (95% CI 2.9 to 4.4%) in 1–5-year-olds. TF and Pgp3 seroprevalence were better correlated in 1–5-year-olds (correlation coefficient 0.29) compared to 1–9-year-olds (correlation coefficient 0.09).

Conclusions

In this low trachoma prevalence setting in Niger, seroprevalence of antibodies to Pgp3 were consistent with little ongoing transmission of C. trachomatis.
HIV, the gut microbiome and clinical outcomes, a systematic review
Authors: Mac Cann Rachel , Newman Ellen , Devane Declan , Sabin Caroline , Cotter Aoife G. , Landay Alan , O’Toole Paul W. , Mallon Patrick W.
Published: December 2024

Background

Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH). However, this population is now experiencing accelerated age‐related comorbidities, contributed to by chronic immune activation and inflammation, with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome also implicated.

Method

We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane reviews and international conference abstracts for articles that examined for the following non-communicable diseases (NCDs); cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, metabolic, bone, renal and neurocognitive disease, in PWH aged >18 years. Studies were included that measured gut microbiome diversity and composition, microbial translocation markers or microbial metabolite markers.

Results

In all, 567 articles were identified and screened of which 87 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and 56 were included in the final review. The data suggest a high burden NCD, in particular cardiovascular and metabolic disease in PWH. Alterations in bacterial diversity and structure varied by NCD type, but a general trend in reduced diversity was seen together with alterations in bacterial abundances between different NCD. Lipopolysaccharide was the most commonly investigated marker of microbial translocation across NCD followed by soluble CD14. Short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan and choline metabolites were associated with cardiovascular outcomes and also associated with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Conclusions

This systematic review is the first to summarise the evidence for the association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and NCDs in PWH. Understanding this interaction will provide insights into the pathogenesis of many NCD and help develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PWH.
Protocol for an embedded randomised controlled trial of Early versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in children with Febrile Neutropenia (ELSA-FN)
Authors: Butters Coen , Grobler Anneke , Rudkin Alannah , Goh Li-yin , Werdenburg Heather , Hanna Diane , Cole Theresa , Buttery Jim , Thursky Karin , Davidson Andrew , Haeusler Gabrielle M.
Published: December 2024

In children with cancer, febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications of treatment, a leading cause of unplanned and prolonged hospital admission and is the key driver of antibiotic exposure. Co-designed with key stakeholders, ‘Early versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in high-risk FN’ (ELSA-FN) is a randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial that compares stopping antibiotics in clinically stable patients after 48 hours with the current standard of care, continuing antibiotics until absolute neutrophil recovery. As an Australian first, we will exploit the potential of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, embedding all key aspects of the trial including screening, consent, randomisation and data collection into standard clinical and EMR workflows. We aim to randomise 320 children with high-risk FN and prospectively collect data on safety, acceptability to clinicians and families, as well as several secondary outcomes related to antibiotic exposure. The findings will contribute to optimal antibiotic use in children with FN internationally and inform design and implementation of future EMR-embedded trials.
Sex estimation techniques based on skulls in forensic anthropology: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Xindi , Liu Guihong , Wu Qiushuo , Zheng Yazi , Song Feng , Li Yuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Sex estimation is an essential topic in the field of individual identification in forensic anthropology. Recent studies have investigated a growing range of techniques for estimating sex from human skulls.

Objectives

This study aims to provide a scoping review of the literature on techniques used in skull-based sex estimation, serving as a valuable reference for researchers.

Sources of evidence

The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2020 to February 2024.

Eligibility criteria

Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic anthropology about sex estimation using skull samples.

Charting methods

A total of 73 studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorized and analyzed based on the anatomic sites, modalities, trait types, and models. Their accuracy in estimating sex was subsequently examined, and the results were charted.

Results and conclusions

Our review highlights that the 3D medical imaging technique has enhanced the efficiency and stability of skull-based sex estimation. It is anticipated that advancements in 3D imaging and computer vision techniques will facilitate further breakthroughs in this field of research.
Workforce outcomes among substance use peer supports and their contextual determinants: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Bell Justin S. , Griffin Tina , Castedo de Martell Sierra , Kay Emma Sophia , Hawk Mary , Hudson Michelle , Ray Bradley , Watson Dennis P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Peer recovery support services are a promising approach for improving harm reduction, treatment, and recovery-related outcomes for people who have substance use disorders. However, unique difficulties associated with the role may place peer recovery support staff [i.e., peers] at high risk for negative workforce outcomes, including burnout, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue.

Objective

This scoping review protocol aims to describe a proposed effort to review the nature and extent of research evidence on peer workforce outcomes and how these outcomes might differ across service settings. Results of the review described in this protocol will help to answer the following research questions: 1) What is known about workforce-related outcomes for peers working in the substance use field?; 2) What is known about how the structure of work impacts these outcomes?; and 3) How do these outcomes differ by service setting type?

Methods

A scoping review will be conducted with literature searches conducted in PsycINFO®, [EBSCO],Embase® [EBSCO], CINAHL® [EBSCO], Web of Science™ [Clarivate], and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles discussing US-based research and published in English from 1 January 1999 to 1 August 2023. The proposed review will include peer-reviewed and grey-literature published materials describing the experiences of peers participating in recovery support services and harm reduction efforts across a variety of service settings. Two evaluators will independently review the abstracts and full-text articles. We will perform a narrative synthesis, summarizing and comparing the results across service settings.

Expected outputs

Publishing this protocol will help accelerate the identification of critical workforce issues, and bolster the transparency and reporting of the final review. The proposed review will assess the state of the literature on peer workforce-related outcomes and how outcomes might vary by service setting context. Results of the proposed review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Findings will inform the field regarding future directions to support the emerging peer workforce.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration

Submitted to Open Science Framework, August 22nd, 2023.
High-resolution raindrop counting via instantaneous frequency sensing on hydrophobic elastic membranes
Authors: Paškauskas Rytis
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that paves the way for the creation of affordable, high-precision rainfall sensors utilizing microphone data. The cornerstone of this methodology is an innovative algorithm capable of converting audio recordings into distinctive features, which are subsequently processed by a compact machine learning model. Our findings demonstrate that this technique can attain a temporal resolution of 10 milliseconds with an accuracy of 80%, underscoring its potential to overcome the limitations imposed by the necessity for power infrastructure and specialized expertise in traditional rain sensing methods.
Mitochondrial fission is required for thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Ibayashi Yuta , Hasuzawa Nao , Nomura Seiji , Kabashima Masaharu , Nagayama Ayako , Iwata Shimpei , Kitamura Miyuki , Ashida Kenji , Moriyama Yoshinori , Yamamoto Ken , Nomura Masatoshi , Wang Lixiang
Published: December 2024

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is pivotal for maintaining body temperature and energy balance. Mitochondrial morphology is dynamically controlled by a balance between fusion and fission, which is crucial for cell differentiation, response to metabolic insults, and heat production. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. This study investigates the role of Drp1 in BAT development and thermogenesis by generating Drp1-deficient mice. These mice were created by crossing Drp1 floxed mice with fatty acid-binding protein 4-Cre (aP2-Cre) transgenic mice, resulting in aP2-Cre+/-Drp1flox/flox (aP2-Drp1f/f) mice. The aP2-Drp1f/f mice exhibited severe BAT and brain hypoplasia, with the majority dying within 48 hours postnatally, highlighting Drp1’s crucial role in neonatal survival. Impaired thermogenic responses were observed in aP2-Drp1f/f mice, characterized by significantly decreased expression of thermogenic and lipogenic genes in BAT. Ultrastructural analysis revealed disrupted mitochondrial morphology and reduced lipid droplet content in BAT. The few surviving adult aP2-Drp1f/f mice also showed impaired BAT and brain development, along with BAT thermogenesis dysfunction during cold exposure. Our findings underscore the essential role of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in BAT thermogenesis and neonatal survival, providing insights into potential therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders.
Peroxisomal dysfunction interferes with odontogenesis and leads to developmentally delayed teeth and defects in distinct dental cells in Pex11b-deficient mice
Authors: Colasante Claudia , Jednakowski Julia , Valerius Klaus-Peter , Li Xiaoling , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline
Published: December 2024

Human peroxisomal biogenesis disorders of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum affect skeletal development and induce tooth malformations. Whereas several peroxisomal knockout mouse studies elucidated the pathogenesis of skeletal defects, little information is available on how dental pathologies arise in peroxisomal biogenesis disorder patients. To understand the impact of severe peroxisomal dysfunction on early odontogenesis, here we performed morphometric studies on developing molars of new-born Pex11b knockout mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed reduced peroxisome number and mistargeting of the peroxisomal matrix enzyme catalase to the cytoplasm in several dental cell types of the Pex11b knockout animals. We also observed secondary mitochondrial alterations, comprising decreased staining of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and of complex IV in cells of the developing molar. The peroxisomal defect caused by the PEX11b knockout also decreased the staining of cytokeratin intermediate filaments and of the secretory proteins amelogenin, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Interestingly, the staining of the gap junction protein connexin 43, an important modulator of tissue development, was also decreased, possibly causing the observed cellular disarrangement within the inner enamel epithelium and the odontoblast palisade. Taken together, our results show that the severe phenotype associated with the PEX11b knockout results in a reduction of the number of peroxisomes in dental cells and causes a delay odontogenesis. This adds a new component to the already described symptomatic spectrum induced by severe peroxisomal defects.
Insertion attack identification in discrete event systems using petri nets with an observer
Authors: Ahmed Adeeb A. , Chen Yufeng , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M.
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the problem of attack identification in discrete event systems modeled with Petri nets, focusing specifically on sensor attacks that mislead observers to making incorrect decisions. Insertion attacks are one of the sensor attacks that are considered in this work. First, we formulate a novel observation structure to systematically model insertion attacks within the Petri net framework. Second, by generating an extended reachability graph that incorporates the observation structure, we can find a special class of markings whose components can have negative markings. Third, an observation place is computed by formulating an integer linear programming problem, enabling precise detection of attack occurrences. The occurrence of an attack can be identified by the number of tokens in the designed observation place. Finally, examples are provided to verify the proposed approach. Comparative analysis with existing techniques demonstrates that the reported approach offers enhanced detection accuracy and robustness, making it a significant advancement in the field of secure discrete event systems.
CD47 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration
Authors: Zhang Hefeng , Liu Shihu , Zhang Jinzi , Wang Yongjie
Published: December 2024

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high incidence, with most patients diagnosed beyond the optimal surgical window. Improving survival rates is critical to reducing lung cancer mortality, and identifying immune checkpoints is vital for prognosis stratification.

Objective

To investigate the expression of CD47 in NSCLC and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 NSCLC patients treated between January 2014 and June 2018. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy assessed CD47 expression in tumor and adjacent tissues, while immunofluorescence evaluated CD47 on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression identified prognostic factors, and PLA technology examined CD47’s interaction with VEGFR and CD36.

Results

CD47 positivity in tumor tissues (52%) was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues (20%) (P<0.001), with expression localized to the cell membrane. CD47 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and differentiation (P<0.05) and was identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. TAM infiltration was greater in CD47-positive patients and correlated with shorter survival (P<0.05). PLA showed stronger CD47+VEGFR interactions than CD47+CD36.

Conclusion

CD47 positivity correlates with poor prognosis and increased TAM infiltration, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Time-restricted eating for prevention of age-related vascular cognitive decline in older adults: A protocol for a single-arm open-label interventional trial
Authors: da C. Pinaffi-Langley Ana Clara , Szarvas Zsofia , Peterfi Anna , Kaposzta Zalan , Mukli Peter , Shahriari Ali , Muranyi Mihaly , Pinto Camila B. , Owens Cameron D. , Adams Cheryl , Karfonta Brittany , Rohan Michael , Tarantini Stefano , Yabluchanskiy Andriy
Published: December 2024

Age-related cerebromicrovascular endothelial dysfunction underlies the initiation and progression of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, thus increasing the susceptibility of older adults to such conditions. Normal brain function requires dynamic adjustment of cerebral blood flow to meet the energetic demands of active neurons, which is achieved the homeostatic mechanism neurovascular coupling (NVC). In this context, therapeutical strategies aimed at rescuing or preserving NVC responses can delay the incidence or mitigate the severity of age-related cognitive dysfunction, and time-restricted eating (TRE) is a potential candidate for such a strategy. Studies have reported that TRE can improve cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. However, the effect of TRE on cerebrovascular endothelial function remains unexplored. Thus, this protocol outlines the study procedures to test our hypothesis that a 6-month TRE regimen of 10-h eating window will improve NVC responses and endothelial function in community-dwelling older adults. This is a single-arm, open-label interventional trial. We aim to recruit 32 adults aged 55–80 years. Participants are instructed to maintain a TRE regimen of 10 h of free eating followed by 14 h of fasting for 6 months. Before and after fasting, participants are assessed for cognitive performance, peripheral micro- and macrovascular endothelial function, and NVC responses, as well as for several confounding factors, including body composition, dietary, and physical activity data. We expect that 6 months of TRE will improve NVC response and endothelial function in older adults compared with baseline, and that these improvements will be accompanied by improvements in cognitive performance. The study proposed herein will provide critical insight into a new potential therapeutical strategy for targeting age-related cognitive dysfunction. Ultimately, slowing down or alleviating cognitive decline will translate into improved quality of life and longer healthspan for aging adults. This study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06019195) on August 24, 2023.
Association of serum potassium levels with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis during hospitalization
Authors: Zhao Guang , Gu Yuting , Chen Yuyang , Xia Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

Background

Electrolyte disturbances are prevalent complications in critically ill patients with sepsis, significantly impacting patient prognosis. However, the specific association between serum potassium levels and mortality risk in this population remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum potassium levels during hospitalization and the risk of 28-day and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database, and patients with severe sepsis requiring ICU admission were stratified into quartiles based on their mean serum potassium levels. Outcomes assessed included 28-day and 90-day mortality. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between serum potassium levels and mortality, with restricted cubic splines to identify potential nonlinear correlations. A dichotomous Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze the association further, and Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed the mortality risk across different potassium ranges.

Results

A total of 25,203 patients were included, with 28-day and 90-day mortality rates of 27.84% and 40.48%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between serum potassium levels and mortality. Restricted cubic splines identified an inflection point at 4.4 mmol/L, with potassium levels above this threshold associated with higher mortality (28-day mortality: HR 2.96, 95% CI = 2.43–3.60; 90-day mortality: HR 2.19, 95% CI = 1.81–2.64). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed a significantly higher risk of death for patients with serum potassium levels above 4.4 mmol/L compared to those within the 3.5–4.4 mmol/L range (P<0.001).

Conclusion

In critically ill patients with sepsis, serum potassium levels exceeding 4.4 mmol/L are associated with an increased risk of death. Maintaining the average serum potassium level within the range of 3.5–4.4 mmol/L appears to be safe and may contribute to better outcomes in this patient population.
Composition and dynamics of macroinvertebrates community in relation to physicochemical parameters of hydrogeologically connected wetlands in Abbay River basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Fentaw Getachew , Beneberu Getachew , Wondie Ayalew , Getnet Belachew
Published: December 2024

Assessing the macroinvertebrate assemblage in relation to physicochemical parameters can provide insight into the ecological state of aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess macroinvertebrate assemblage of hydrogeologically connected wetlands in relation to physicochemical water quality parameters. Data were collected between June 2022 and April 2023 from twelve purposively selected sampling sites following established procedures. A total of 1,211 macroinvertebrates were collected from 18 orders and 44 families. The majority (72.83%) are generally pollution-tolerant families of the order Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera and Diptera. There was significant spatio-temporal variation (P < 0.05, One-way ANOVA) in total macroinvertebrate abundance and bioindices. There were more individual macroinvertebrates collected during the dry season. The CCA and correlation analysis indicated that the physicochemical parameters had an effect on the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates. The size of the wetlands andthe intensity of anthropogenic interventionmight also result difference in macroinvertebrate abundance across the wetlands. The higher nutrient concentrations, the low DO level, the higher abundance of tolerant taxa and the medium Shannon_Hvalue (range: 2.13 to 2.68) all indicate the wetlands’ poor ecological status. Therefore, regular water quality monitoring, identification of the macroinvertebrate at the lower taxonomic level and the development of macroinvertebratebased multimetric indices are recommended for their sustainable management.
Enhancing reproducibility in single cell research with biocytometry: An inter-laboratory study
Authors: Fikar Pavel , Alvarez Laura , Berne Laura , Cienciala Martin , Kan Christopher , Kasl Hynek , Luo Mona , Novackova Zuzana , Ordonez Sheyla , Sramkova Zuzana , Holubova Monika , Lysak Daniel , Avery Lyndsay , Caro Andres A. , Crowder Roslyn N. , Diaz-Martinez Laura A. , Donley David W. , Giorno Rebecca R. , Reed Irene K. Guttilla , Hensley Lori L. , Johnson Kristen C. , Kim Audrey Y. , Kim Paul , LaGier Adriana J. , Newman Jamie J. , Padilla-Crespo Elizabeth , Reyna Nathan S. , Tsotakos Nikolaos , Al-Saadi Noha N. , Appleton Tayler , Arosemena-Pickett Ana , Bell Braden A. , Bing Grace , Bishop Bre , Forde Christa , Foster Michael J. , Gray Kassidy , Hasley Bennett L. , Johnson Kennedy , Jones Destiny J. , LaShall Allison C. , McGuire Kennedy , McNaughton Naomi , Morgan Angelina M. , Norris Lucas , Ossman Landon A. , Rivera-Torres Paollette A. , Robison Madeline E. , Thibodaux Kathryn , Valmond Lescia , Georgiev Daniel
Published: December 2024

Biomedicine today is experiencing a shift towards decentralized data collection, which promises enhanced reproducibility and collaboration across diverse laboratory environments. This inter-laboratory study evaluates the performance of biocytometry, a method utilizing engineered bioparticles for enumerating cells based on their surface antigen patterns. In centralized and aggregated inter-lab studies, biocytometry demonstrated significant statistical power in discriminating numbers of target cells at varying concentrations as low as 1 cell per 100,000 background cells. User skill levels varied from expert to beginner capturing a range of proficiencies. Measurement was performed in a decentralized environment without any instrument cross-calibration or advanced user training outside of a basic instruction manual. The results affirm biocytometry to be a viable solution for immunophenotyping applications demanding sensitivity as well as scalability and reproducibility and paves the way for decentralized analysis of rare cells in heterogeneous samples.
Surgical outcomes of single-port vs multi-port laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Feifei , Chen Guansheng , Zhang Mengyao , Chen Xianying , Zhang Jing , Ding Dong , Wang Yongjun
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer who underwent either single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (SPLH) or multi-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (MPLH).

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search from the earliest records available up to May 2023. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in the analysis. Both the SPLH and MPLH groups had similar operative times (MD = -4.27, 95% CI [-35.75, 27.22], p = 0.98), conversion rates (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% CI [0.57, 3.59], p = 0.44), blood transfusion rates, intraoperative complications (bladder injury, bowel injury, and vascular injury), and postoperative complications (umbilical hernia, fever, fistula, lymphocyst, and wound-related issues). However, the SPLH group showed significant advantages in certain areas. There was a notable reduction in estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL) compared to the MPLH group (mean difference [MD] = -23.80, 95% CI [-42.99, -4.62], p = 0.02) and a shorter hospital stay duration (MD = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.20], p < 0.00001). Although there was some debate about postoperative pain, SPLH tended to have more favorable outcomes. Despite these advantages, the SPLH group was less efficient in para-aortic lymph node clearance compared to the MPLH group (MD = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.57, -0.35], p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in overall lymph node dissection (MD = -0.91, 95% CI [-2.52, 0.70], p = 0.27) and pelvic lymph node dissection (MD = -1.22, 95% CI [-3.82, 1.27], p = 0.36) between the two groups. Additionally, both groups showed similar therapeutic results, with no significant differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Conclusion

SPLH and MPLH techniques are equally effective in treating endometrial cancer, with both showing low rates of surgical complications with similar rates of surgical complications and therapeutic outcomes. However, SPLH offers additional benefits, including smaller incisions, reduced estimated intraoperative blood loss, and shorter hospital stays, making it an increasingly popular option for treating endometrial cancer.
The effect of seasonal temperatures on the physiology of the overwintered honey bee
Authors: Frunze Olga , Yun Yumi , Kim Hyunjee , Garafutdinov Ravil R. , Na Young-Eun , Kwon Hyung-Wook
Published: December 2024

Honey bee physiology follows an annual cycle, with winter bees living ten times longer than summer bees. Their transition can be disrupted by climate change. Several climate factors, mainly temperature, may contribute to the global losses of winter bees. We simulated global warming by maintaining constant temperatures of 25°C (Group 25) and 35°C (Group 35) in rooms around hives from June to October, while a Group control experienced natural conditions. Colony performance was assessed in August and September. In February, workers were examined for physiological traits (acinus size and lipid content in the fat body) and molecular markers (vg and JHAMT), along with potential markers (ilp1, ilp2, TOR1, and HSP70). Our findings suggest that temperature decreases around winter worker broods from Group 25 in the fall led to their different physiological states related to aging in winter compared to Group 35 workers. Changes in bees from Group 35 the end of diapause were detected with an upregulation of HSP70, ilp2, and TOR1 genes. These signs of winter bees in response to summer global warming could lead to the development of strategies to prevent bee losses and improve the identification of physiological states in insect models.
A potent and selective reaction hijacking inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum tyrosine tRNA synthetase exhibits single dose oral efficacy in vivo
Authors: Xie Stanley C. , Tai Chia-Wei , Morton Craig J. , Ma Liting , Huang Shih-Chung , Wittlin Sergio , Du Yawei , Hu Yongbo , Dogovski Con , Salimimarand Mina , Griffin Robert , England Dylan , de la Cruz Elisa , Deni Ioanna , Yeo Tomas , Burkhard Anna Y. , Striepen Josefine , Schindler Kyra A. , Crespo Benigno , Gamo Francisco J. , Khandokar Yogesh , Hutton Craig A. , Rabie Tayla , Birkholtz Lyn-Marié , Famodimu Mufuliat T. , Delves Michael J. , Bolsher Judith , Koolen Karin M. J. , van der Laak Rianne , Aguiar Anna C. C. , Pereira Dhelio B. , Guido Rafael V. C. , Creek Darren J. , Fidock David A. , Dick Lawrence R. , Brand Stephen L. , Gould Alexandra E. , Langston Steven , Griffin Michael D. W. , Tilley Leann
Published: December 2024

The Plasmodium falciparum cytoplasmic tyrosine tRNA synthetase (PfTyrRS) is an attractive drug target that is susceptible to reaction-hijacking by AMP-mimicking nucleoside sulfamates. We previously identified an exemplar pyrazolopyrimidine ribose sulfamate, ML901, as a potent reaction hijacking inhibitor of PfTyrRS. Here we examined the stage specificity of action of ML901, showing very good activity against the schizont stage, but lower trophozoite stage activity. We explored a series of ML901 analogues and identified ML471, which exhibits improved potency against trophozoites and enhanced selectivity against a human cell line. Additionally, it has no inhibitory activity against human ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE) in vitro. ML471 exhibits low nanomolar activity against asexual blood stage P. falciparum and potent activity against liver stage parasites, gametocytes and transmissible gametes. It is fast-acting and exhibits a long in vivo half-life. ML471 is well-tolerated and shows single dose oral efficacy in the SCID mouse model of P. falciparum malaria. We confirm that ML471 is a reaction hijacking inhibitor that is converted into a tight binding Tyr-ML471 conjugate by the PfTyrRS enzyme. A crystal structure of the PfTyrRS/ Tyr-ML471 complex offers insights into improved potency, while molecular docking into UAE provides a rationale for improved selectivity.
Mosquito-independent milk-associated transmission of zoonotic Wesselsbron virus in sheep
Authors: Zimoch Marta , Grau-Roma Llorenç , Liniger Matthias , Donzé Noelle , Godel Aurélie , Escribano Damián , Trüeb Bettina Salome , Pramateftaki Paraskevi , Torres-Puig Sergi , Cerón José Joaqín , Thiel Volker , Jores Jörg , Summerfield Artur , Ruggli Nicolas , Benarafa Charaf , García-Nicolás Obdulio
Published: December 2024

Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, causing abortions and stillbirths in small ruminants. The life cycle of WSLV involves Aedes mosquitoes and various wildlife and domestic animals. Seminal studies in the 1950s have shown the zoonotic potential of WSLV, notably in accidental infections of laboratory workers exposed to infected material. More recent epidemiological studies suggest the emergence of clade I WSLV strains in peri-domestic and rural areas of western and eastern Africa. The pathobiology of recent clade I WSLV strains is unknown and no virus isolate is available. To address these gaps, we generated a recombinant clade I WSLV SA999 infectious clone (rSA999) by reverse genetics. Subsequently, lactating ewes were inoculated intravenously with the WSLV rSA999 strain or the clade II SAH177 strain in insect-free biocontainment stables. Inoculated ewes developed fever, viremia, and showed high levels of viral RNA at mucosal surfaces, and elevated viral titers in milk. Milk production was reduced, which directly affected the growth of the lambs, particularly within the rSA999 group. The ewes with higher WSLV titers in their milk in each group transmitted the infection to their lambs, which developed fever, prolonged viremia, and virus secretion. All infected animals produced high antibody titers with cross-neutralizing activity against both WSLV strains. Histopathology and blood biochemistry analysis indicated liver damage associated with necrotizing hepatitis lesions and active viral replication in some cases, which was more pronounced in the rSA999 group. Notably, only the SAH177-infected animals exhibited lesions consistent with meningoencephalitis, suggesting that WSLV clade II strains are neurotropic and that clade I strain are more hepatotropic. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized mode of vector-free transmission of WSLV that raises significant concerns for public and animal health.
The posthuman trauma novel: Reconfiguring subjectivity in Patricia Lockwood’s No One Is Talking about This (2021)
Authors: Baelo-Allué Sonia
Published: December 2024

Trauma studies and posthuman studies are two paradigms that became popular in the late twentieth century and have been used to define the culture of our time. Both fields deal with subjectivity, agency, embodiment and the relation with ‘the other’, viewing subjectivity and the self as shattered and fragmented. However, while trauma studies focuses on the process of acting out and working through to return to a sealed, complete conception of the self, posthuman studies explores the fluidity and interconnectedness that results from the decentralization of human subjectivity in our technological, boundary-blurring reality. This article introduces the concept of the posthuman trauma novel, which delves into the shared sense of vulnerability between trauma and posthumanism and the complex identity dynamics emerging from these paradigms. Formally, these novels favour complex timelines, non-linear narratives, interconnected plotlines, emotional detachment, machine-like narrators and thematic fragmentation, among other strategies. Patricia Lockwood’s No One Is Talking about This (2021) is a representative example of the posthuman trauma novel that navigates virtual and real worlds. Through fragmentation, intrusive images and non-linearity, the novel represents the disintegration of the mind caused by the internet and social media in which the sense of self is engulfed by a collective consciousness emerging from the never-ending scrolling and the juxtapositions between the important and the shallow. It is a real-world trauma that pulls the protagonist out of the virtual world of disembodiment and detachment. While acknowledging the importance of social media and digital technologies, the novel also sees the blurring of digital and physical spaces as a wound of modern subjectivity, a suffering that needs to be worked through to achieve an embodied and embedded conceptualization of the self.
Mediating otherness: The Afrofuturist planetary posthuman in Black Panther
Authors: Kundu Arunima
Published: December 2024

Literature and film, as forms of cultural production, have consistently participated in public discourses by raising valuable questions pertinent to contemporary historical and cultural moments. Science fiction film and literature, particularly in the 2010s, have tackled cultural discourse on the human condition by thematically addressing human relationships with technology and articulating complex theoretical discussions in a way that translates into popular culture. This article brings the theoretical concepts of planetarity and the posthuman together in dialogue to conceptualize a planetary posthuman subject who positions their self not in opposition to the other, but in relation to the other, contextualized within the understanding of the planet as an interconnected whole, and embodied in the figure of the cyborg. It focuses on Afrofuturist science fiction and how it intervenes in discourses on race and otherness using this model of a planetary posthuman subject through the analysis of a popular example of mainstream Afrofuturist work. This article explores how the film Black Panther (2018), directed by Ryan Coogler – a commercially successful and groundbreaking work of Afrofuturist Hollywood science fiction film – addresses cultural discourses on race and otherness while reflecting on the (post)human condition by presenting Afrofuturist planetary posthuman subjects. Finally, it explores how the film, using the theoretical model of the planetary posthuman, intervenes in public discourses on the human condition by mediating in current conceptualizations of race, otherness and technology, challenging neo-liberal global capitalism and its polarizing tendencies.
VanderMeer’s eco-weird doubles: (Post)human transformation and the tipping point
Authors: Kvarving Juni
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic climate change is dangerously close to triggering climate tipping points, causing irreversible damage to the Earth’s ecosystems. To avoid these, we must transform the contemporary human into a yet unknown new sustainable human – a posthuman. The weird literary tradition has often resurfaced in times of crisis to express the fear of encountering the unknown and is now, as I will argue, taking on the new form of the ‘eco-weird’ in response to impending climate tipping points. Contrary to prior weird movements, the eco-weird allows for the strangeness of the weird to feel familiar, encouraging the readers to view the unknowns of human transformation with more hope than fear. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, I will trace the evolution of the weird literary tradition to the eco-weird and explain why this aesthetic is such a poignant response to tipping points. Second, I will analyse Jeff VanderMeer’s Southern Reach series through the eco-weird lens, focusing on how the author inverts the Freudian uncanny double to produce an eco-weird double that reifies radical transformation and encourages the readers to welcome the unknowns of becoming posthuman.
Anti-Blackness and Human Monstrosity in Black American Horror Fiction, Jerry Rafiki Jenkins (2024)
Authors: Clarke Douglas
Published: December 2024

Review of: Anti-Blackness and Human Monstrosity in Black American Horror Fiction, Jerry Rafiki Jenkins (2024)

Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 166 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81425-905-4, p/bk, $41
A balatoni turizmus változásai az elmúlt három évtizedben
Authors: Wilhelm Réka
Published: December 2024

Lake Balaton is the largest lake in Central Europe, with a length of 77 km and an average width of 7.7 km. After Budapest, it is the second most popular tourist destination in Hungary, with a particular increase in visitors during the summer months. The development of tourism at Lake Balaton began in the 1880s, when a few landlords recognised the economic and cultural importance of tourism and started to develop infrastructure. This development process has been interrupted to a certain extent, but is still continuing today. Over 140 years, a number of mediumsized towns have grown up from the small villages of the past. Today’s Balaton Region includes 177 settlements, 44 of which are located directly on the shore. Lake Balaton is also a symbol. In some periods it has become a distinctive centre of Hungarian human culture, with high-quality works by painters, writers and poets associated with the lake and the landscape around it. However, the Balaton Region has changed a lot since the end of socialism. The emergence of a market economy, rising incomes, the emergence of private and foreign capital and the use of EU funds have brought huge changes to the life of the region. Today, Lake Balaton is still an attractive destination for the domestic holidaymaking masses. Therefore, it is worth examining the changes that have taken place in the Balaton Region in the almost 30 years since the political regime change, how the former culture of mass tourism has been transformed, and what opportunities and at the same time what difficulties this region has. My intention is to show what measures have been taken to improve and develop the natural and built environment of the destination since the regime change. Furthermore, I would like to give an overall picture of the changes in the population and tourism demand in the area.
O papel da coordenação de curso de graduação na conjuntura da educação como negócio
Authors: Santos Jackeline Cristiane , De Sordi Mara Regina Lemes
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o papel de coordenação de curso de graduação, em uma conjuntura favorável aos interesses mercadológicos, na perspectiva dos coordenadores. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e de campo, para a qual foram entrevistados 28 coordenadores de curso de graduação em Enfermagem, atuantes no estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto de 2018 e maio de 2019, e tratados segundo análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Dentre os entrevistados, 79% atuavam em escolas privadas de ensino superior e 21% em instituições públicas. Os dados coletados revelam que a compreensão dos coordenadores acerca do papel que desempenham abrange os eixos pedagógico, político e financeiro/burocrático. Conquanto esses três eixos estejam imbricados na atuação profissional do coordenador, a análise de cada um deles revela potencialidades no enfrentamento de interesses mercadológicos. Essas potencialidades situam-se no campo da resistência oculta (burla), dada a correlação de forças predominantes, favoráveis ao estreitamento das finalidades educativas para o mercado de trabalho. Nesse cenário, o coordenador necessita de saberes que o instrumentalizem à leitura crítica da realidade, para que possa construir, coletivamente, estratégias de transformação do status quo. Ademais, o desenvolvimento de habilidades como negociação, mediação de conflitos e construção coletiva de projetos viabiliza o enfrentamento da gestão superior da instituição de ensino, essa diretamente afetada pela conjuntura política nacional cada vez mais ausente no campo das políticas públicas orientadas ao social.