bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'appropriation du problème par des élèves en sciences expérimentales lors d'une « démarche d'investigation » : cas d'élèves français âgés de 14 ans
Authors: Perron Séverine , Boilevin Jean-Marie
Published: December 2017

La méthode recommandée par les institutions françaises pour enseigner les sciences et la technologie dans le premier cycle du secondaire est « la démarche d’investigation ». Les textes institutionnels relatifs à cette démarche insistent, sans jamais l’expliciter, sur l’importance de l’appropriation du problème par les élèves. L’étude présentée dans cet article permet d’éclairer la notion d’appropriation telle qu’elle est mentionnée dans les documents officiels à travers le concept de dévolution. L’analyse s’effectue à la lumière de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique. La méthodologie repose essentiellement sur des films d’étude, réalisés lors de séances de classe en sciences de la vie et de la Terre et en sciences physiques et chimiques. Les analyses des résultats mettent en évidence que l’appropriation du problème semble être différente du concept de dévolution. Cependant, ces derniers semblent liés. En effet, la dévolution du problème est nécessaire à l’appropriation de celui-ci. Par ailleurs, le processus de dévolution semble être davantage du fait de l’enseignant que de l’élève. Ce processus s’adresse de façon collective à l’ensemble des élèves de la classe. À l’inverse l’appropriation du problème semble concerner plus particulièrement l’élève et de façon singulière. Ainsi, dans notre étude, le phénomène d’appropriation du problème par l’élève se manifeste lors d’un conflit cognitif entre des connaissances antérieures mal comprises et des nouvelles connaissances. Les concepts de dévolution et d’appropriation pourraient être les deux facettes d’un même processus : le processus de dévolution-appropriation.
Dispositif en ligne d’entraînement à la résolution de problèmes de physique
Authors: Marique Pierre-Xavier , Jacquet Maud , Georges François , Hoebeke Maryse , Poumay Marianne
Published: December 2017

Dans le cadre de la lutte contre l’échec en premier cycle supérieur, le LabSET et des enseignants de physique de l’université de Liège ont développé un dispositif en ligne d’entraînement à la résolution de problèmes en physique. Deux problématiques sont abordées ici : le diagnostic de la maîtrise des processus cognitifs à mobiliser pour résoudre des problèmes de physique et le lien entre entraînement en ligne et performance des étudiants lors de la résolution de problèmes à l’examen. Les analyses reposent sur une étude menée auprès de 876 étudiants inscrits en première année en médecine. Elles ont été effectuées sur la base des données subjectives (auto-évaluation du processus et du produit) et objectives (nombre de connexions aux exercices en ligne, résultats de maîtrise des questions spécifiques aux processus cognitifs étudiés, taux de réussite et notes aux examens). Les résultats indiquent que le processus d’analyse est celui posant le plus de difficultés aux étudiants. De plus, une dépendance est observée entre travail en ligne et réussite aux problèmes présentés à l’examen de juin. Les notes des étudiants ayant travaillé en ligne sont supérieures à celles des étudiants n’ayant réalisé aucun problème en ligne. Cependant, étant donné que les étudiants ayant réussi l’examen de physique sont aussi ceux ayant réussi les épreuves dans les autres matières scientifiques, il est difficile d’établir un rapport de causalité entre travail en ligne et performances.
Enteropathogens and Gut Inflammation in Asymptomatic Infants and Children in Different Environments in Southern India
Authors: Praharaj Ira , Revathy R. , Bandyopadhyay Rini , Benny Blossom , Azharuddin KO Mohammed , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric R. , Kang Gagandeep
Published: December 2017

Children in poor environmental conditions are exposed early and often to enteric pathogens, but within developing countries, heterogeneity in enteropathogen exposure in different settings and communities is rarely addressed. We tested fecal samples from healthy infants and children from two different environments in the same Indian town for gut enteropathogens and biomarkers of gut inflammation. A significantly higher proportion of infants and children from a poor semi-urban neighborhood (93%) had one or more enteropathogens than those from a medical college campus (71.7%). Infants and children from the poor neighborhood had an average of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9–3.7) enteropathogens compared with an average of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) enteropathogens in campus infants/children. Viral and bacterial infections, including enteroviruses, adenoviruses, Campylobacter spp., and diarrhegenic Escherichia coli were more common and fecal biomarkers of inflammation were higher in the poor neighborhood. The findings demonstrate significant difference in the asymptomatic carriage of gut enteropathogens and gut inflammatory biomarkers in infants and children from two different environments within the same town in south India.
Retrieving characteristics of inertia gravity wave parameters with least uncertainties using the hodograph method
Authors: Dutta Gopa , Vinay Kumar Palla , Mohammad Salauddin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We have analyzed wind velocities measured with high-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) radiosondes which have been flown continuously from Hyderabad for 120 h with an interval of 6 h. Hodograph method has been used to retrieve inertia gravity waves (IGWs) parameters. Background winds are removed from the time series by detrending, whereas polynomials of different orders are removed to obtain the fluctuations from individual profiles. A Butterworth filter is used to extract the monochromatic IGW component. Another filter finite impulse response (FIR1) is tried in a similar manner to test the effects of filters in estimating IGW characteristics. Results reveal that the fluctuation profiles differ with the change in polynomial orders, but the IGW parameters remain same when a Butterworth filter is chosen to extract the monochromatic wave component. The FIR1 filter produces results with a broader range. The direction of wave propagation can be confirmed with additional temperature information.
Large contribution of fossil-fuel derived secondary organic carbon to
water-soluble organic aerosols in winter haze of China
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lin , El-Haddad Imad , Huang Ru-Jin , Ho Kin-Fai , Cao Jun-Ji , Han Yongming , Zotter Peter , Bozzetti Carlo , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Slowik Jay G. , Salazar Gary , Prévôt André S. H. , Szidat Sönke
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a large fraction of organic aerosols (OA) globally and has significant impacts on climate and human health. The sources of WSOC remain very uncertain in polluted regions. Here we present a quantitative source apportionment of WSOC isolated from aerosols in China using radiocarbon (14C) and offline high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. Fossil emissions on average accounted for 32–47 % of WSOC. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) dominated both the non-fossil and fossil derived WSOC, highlighting the importance of secondary formation to WSOC in severe winter haze episodes. Contributions from fossil emissions to SOC were 61 ± 4 % and 50 ± 9 % in Shanghai and Beijing, respectively, significantly larger than those in Guangzhou (36 ± 9 %) and Xi'an (26 ± 9 %). The most important primary sources were biomass burning emissions, contributing 17–26 % of WSOC. The remaining primary sources such as coal combustion, cooking and traffic were generally very small but not negligible contributors, as coal combustion contribution could exceed 10 %. Taken together with earlier 14C source apportionment studies in urban, rural, semi-urban, and background regions in Asia, Europe and USA, we demonstrated a dominant contribution of non-fossil emissions (i.e., 75 ± 11 %) to WSOC aerosols in the North Hemisphere; however, the fossil fraction is substantially larger in aerosols from East Asia and the East Asian pollution outflow especially during winter due to increasing coal combustion. Inclusion of our findings can improve a modelling of effects of WSOC aerosols on climate, atmospheric chemistry and public health.
Symptoms of total ozone recovery inside the Antarctic vortex during Austral spring
Authors: Pazmino Andrea , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Hauchecorne Alain , Claud Chantal , Khaykin Sergey , Goutail Florence , Wolfram Elian , Salvador Jacobo , Quel Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The long-term evolution of total ozone column inside the Antarctic polar vortex is investigated over the 1980–2016 period. Trend analyses are performed using a multilinear regression (MLR) model based on various proxies (heat flux, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, solar flux, Antarctic Oscillation and aerosols). Annual total ozone column corresponding to the mean monthly values inside the vortex in September and during the period of maximum ozone depletion from September 15th to October 15th are used. Total ozone columns from combined SBUV, TOMS and OMI satellite datasets and the Multi-Sensor Reanalysis (MSR-2) dataset are considered in the study. Ozone trends are computed by a piecewise trend model (PWT) before and after the turnaround in 2001. In order to evaluate total ozone within the vortex, two classification methods are used, based on the potential vorticity gradient as a function of equivalent latitude. The first standard one considers this gradient at a single isentropic level (475 K or 550 K), while the second one uses a range of isentropic levels between 400 K and 600 K. The regression model includes a new proxy that represents the stability of the vortex during the studied month period. The determination coefficient (R2) between observations and modeled values increases by ~ 0.05 when this proxy is included in the MLR model. The higher R2 (0.93–0.95) and the minimum residuals are observed for the second classification method for both datasets and months periods. Trends in September are statistically significant at 2 sigma level over 2001–2016 period with values ranging between 1.85 and 2.67 DU yr−1 depending on the methods and data sets. This result confirms the recent studies of Antarctic ozone healing during that month. Trends after 2001 are 2 to 3 times lower than before the turnaround year as expected from the response to the slowly ozone-depleting substances decrease in Polar regions. Estimated trends in the 15 Sept–15 Oct period are smaller than in September. They vary from 1.15 to 1.78 DU yr−1 and are hardly significant at 2σ level. Ozone recovery is also confirmed by a steady decrease of the relative area of total ozone values lower than 150 DU within the vortex in the 15 Sept–15 Oct period since 2010. Comparison of the evolution of the ozone hole area in September and October shows a decrease in September, confirming the later formation of the ozone hole during that month.
The tilt effect in DOAS observations
Authors: Lampel Johannes , Wang Yang , Hilboll Andreas , Beirle Steffen , Sihler Holger , Puķīte Janis , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Experience of differential atmospheric absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) shows that a spectral shift between measurement spectra and reference spectra is frequently required in order to achieve optimal fit results, while the straightforward calculation of the optical density proves inferior. The shift is often attributed to temporal instabilities of the instrument but implicitly solved the problem of the tilt effect discussed/explained in this paper. Spectral positions of Fraunhofer and molecular absorption lines are systematically shifted for different measurement geometries due to an overall slope – or tilt – of the intensity spectrum. The phenomenon has become known as the tilt effect for limb satellite observations, where it is corrected for in a first-order approximation, whereas the remaining community is less aware of its cause and consequences. It is caused by the measurement process, because atmospheric absorption and convolution in the spectrometer do not commute. Highly resolved spectral structures in the spectrum will first be modified by absorption and scattering processes in the atmosphere before they are recorded with a spectrometer, which convolves them with a specific instrument function. In the DOAS spectral evaluation process, however, the polynomial (or other function used for this purpose) accounting for broadband absorption is applied after the convolution is performed. In this paper, we derive that changing the order of the two modifications of the spectra leads to different results. Assuming typical geometries for the observations of scattered sunlight and a spectral resolution of 0.6 nm, this effect can be interpreted as a spectral shift of up to 1.5 pm, which is confirmed in the actual analysis of the ground-based measurements of scattered sunlight as well as in numerical radiative transfer simulations. If no spectral shift is allowed by the fitting routine, residual structures of up to 2.5 × 10−3 peak-to-peak are observed. Thus, this effect needs to be considered for DOAS applications aiming at an rms of the residual of 10−3 and below.
Comparison of digital beamforming algorithms for 3-D terahertz imaging with sparse multistatic line arrays
Authors: Baccouche Bessem , Agostini Patrick , Schneider Falco , Sauer-Greff Wolfgang , Urbansky Ralph , Friederich Fabian
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In this contribution we compare the back-projection algorithm with our recently developed modified range migration algorithm for 3-D terahertz imaging using sparse multistatic line arrays. A 2-D planar sampling scheme is generated using the array's aperture in combination with an orthogonal synthetic aperture obtained through linear movement of the object under test. A stepped frequency continuous wave signal modulation is used for range focusing. Comparisons of the focusing quality show that results using the modified range migration algorithm reflect these of the back-projection algorithm except for some degradation along the array's axis due to the operation in the array's near-field. Nevertheless the highest computational efficiency is obtained from the modified range migration algorithm, which is better than the numerically optimized version of the back-projection algorithm. Measurements have been performed by using an imaging system operating in the W frequency band to verify the theoretical results.
Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study
Authors: Braakhekke Maarten C. , Rebel Karin T. , Dekker Stefan C. , Smith Benjamin , Beusen Arthur H. W. , Wassen Martin J.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2, we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N-enabled global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). In eight global simulations, we used either the true transient time series of N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2 as input or kept combinations of these drivers constant at initial values. The results show that N deposition is globally the strongest driver of simulated N leaching, individually causing an increase of 88 % by 1997–2006 relative to pre-industrial conditions. Climate change led globally to a 31 % increase in N leaching, but the size and direction of change varied among global regions: leaching generally increased in regions with high soil organic carbon storage and high initial N status, and decreased in regions with a positive trend in vegetation productivity or decreasing precipitation. Rising atmospheric CO2 generally caused decreased N leaching (33 % globally), with strongest effects in regions with high productivity and N availability. All drivers combined resulted in a rise of N leaching by 73 % with strongest increases in Europe, eastern North America and South-East Asia, where N deposition rates are highest. Decreases in N leaching were predicted for the Amazon and northern India. We further found that N loss by fire regionally is a large term in the N budget, associated with lower N leaching, particularly in semi-arid biomes. Predicted global N leaching from natural lands rose from 13.6 Tg N yr−1 in 1901–1911 to 18.5 Tg N yr−1 in 1997–2006, accounting for reductions of natural land cover. Ecosystem N status (quantified as the reduction of vegetation productivity due to N limitation) shows a similar positive temporal trend but large spatial variability. Interestingly, this variability is more strongly related to vegetation type than N input. Similarly, the relationship between N status and (relative) N leaching is highly variable due to confounding factors such as soil water fluxes, fire occurrence, and growing season length. Nevertheless, our results suggest that regions with very high N deposition rates are approaching a state of N saturation.
A coupled modeling framework for sustainable watershed management in transboundary river basins
Authors: Khan Hassaan Furqan , Yang Y. C. Ethan , Xie Hua , Ringler Claudia
Published: December 2017

Abstract. There is a growing recognition among water resource managers that sustainable watershed management needs to not only account for the diverse ways humans benefit from the environment, but also incorporate the impact of human actions on the natural system. Coupled natural–human system modeling through explicit modeling of both natural and human behavior can help reveal the reciprocal interactions and co-evolution of the natural and human systems. This study develops a spatially scalable, generalized agent-based modeling (ABM) framework consisting of a process-based semi-distributed hydrologic model (SWAT) and a decentralized water system model to simulate the impacts of water resource management decisions that affect the food–water–energy–environment (FWEE) nexus at a watershed scale. Agents within a river basin are geographically delineated based on both political and watershed boundaries and represent key stakeholders of ecosystem services. Agents decide about the priority across three primary water uses: food production, hydropower generation and ecosystem health within their geographical domains. Agents interact with the environment (streamflow) through the SWAT model and interact with other agents through a parameter representing willingness to cooperate. The innovative two-way coupling between the water system model and SWAT enables this framework to fully explore the feedback of human decisions on the environmental dynamics and vice versa. To support non-technical stakeholder interactions, a web-based user interface has been developed that allows for role-play and participatory modeling. The generalized ABM framework is also tested in two key transboundary river basins, the Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia and the Niger River basin in West Africa, where water uses for ecosystem health compete with growing human demands on food and energy resources. We present modeling results for crop production, energy generation and violation of eco-hydrological indicators at both the agent and basin-wide levels to shed light on holistic FWEE management policies in these two basins.
Tsunami evacuation plans for future megathrust earthquakes in Padang, Indonesia, considering stochastic earthquake scenarios
Authors: Muhammad Ario , Goda Katsuichiro , Alexander Nicholas A. , Kongko Widjo , Muhari Abdul
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study develops tsunami evacuation plans in Padang, Indonesia, using a stochastic tsunami simulation method. The stochastic results are based on multiple earthquake scenarios for different magnitudes (Mw 8.5, 8.75, and 9.0) that reflect asperity characteristics of the 1797 historical event in the same region. The generation of the earthquake scenarios involves probabilistic models of earthquake source parameters and stochastic synthesis of earthquake slip distributions. In total, 300 source models are generated to produce comprehensive tsunami evacuation plans in Padang. The tsunami hazard assessment results show that Padang may face significant tsunamis causing the maximum tsunami inundation height and depth of 15 and 10 m, respectively. A comprehensive tsunami evacuation plan – including horizontal evacuation area maps, assessment of temporary shelters considering the impact due to ground shaking and tsunami, and integrated horizontal–vertical evacuation time maps – has been developed based on the stochastic tsunami simulation results. The developed evacuation plans highlight that comprehensive mitigation policies can be produced from the stochastic tsunami simulation for future tsunamigenic events.
Optical properties of sea ice doped with black carbon – an experimental and radiative-transfer modelling comparison
Authors: Marks Amelia A. , Lamare Maxim L. , King Martin D.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Radiative-transfer calculations of the light reflectivity and extinction coefficient in laboratory-generated sea ice doped with and without black carbon demonstrate that the radiative-transfer model TUV-snow can be used to predict the light reflectance and extinction coefficient as a function of wavelength. The sea ice is representative of first-year sea ice containing typical amounts of black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities. The experiments give confidence in the application of the model to predict albedo of other sea ice fabrics. Sea ices,  ∼  30 cm thick, were generated in the Royal Holloway Sea Ice Simulator ( ∼  2000 L tanks) with scattering cross sections measured between 0.012 and 0.032 m2 kg−1 for four ices. Sea ices were generated with and without  ∼  5 cm upper layers containing particulate black carbon. Nadir reflectances between 0.60 and 0.78 were measured along with extinction coefficients of 0.1 to 0.03 cm−1 (e-folding depths of 10–30 cm) at a wavelength of 500 nm. Values were measured between light wavelengths of 350 and 650 nm. The sea ices generated in the Royal Holloway Sea Ice Simulator were found to be representative of natural sea ices. Particulate black carbon at mass ratios of  ∼  75,  ∼  150 and  ∼  300 ng g−1 in a 5 cm ice layer lowers the albedo to 97, 90 and 79 % of the reflectivity of an undoped clean sea ice (at a wavelength of 500 nm).
Individual Values and Work/Non-Work Conflict in Their Relationship to OCB
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Liani Efrat
Published: December 2017

This study examines the relationship between (1) individual values, (2) work and non-work variables, and (3) organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and in-role performance. The study sample consisted of 372 teachers employed in 32 secular Jewish schools (the response rate was 60%). Data on OCB and in-role performance were provided by the schools’ principals. The results showed that three out of the four individual values (self-enhancement, self-transcendence, and conservation) were related to the two forms of OCB, altruistic and organizational, but not to in-role performance. The findings also showed a weak relationship between the non-work variables and the outcome variables, and a modest relationship between the work-domain variables and these outcomes. We concluded by suggesting some directions for such research.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in the Schools: A Tiered Prevention Approach for Reducing Social Contagion
Authors: Wester Kelly L. , Wachter Morris Carrie , Williams Breton
Published: December 2017

Despite rising rates and prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and growing awareness in schools of NSSI social contagion, little discussion has taken place regarding ways to prevent and react to this prevalent issue occurring among youth in a school. The authors address how to prevent social contagion using a tiered response to intervention including primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary care. This article discusses each level of prevention and provides school counselors with intervention methods that have the potential to reduce or even avert social contagion among youth in school settings.
Dry weight loss in leaves of dominant species in a successional sequence of the Mesopotamian Espinal (Argentina)
Authors: Mendoza Carlos A. , Gallardo Juan F. , Turrión Maria B. , Pando Valentín , Aceñolaza Pablo G.
Published: December 2017

Aim of study: To compare litter decomposition dynamics among different species within a single forest type and also between a single species in different forest successional stages.Area of study: Different forests of a known successional sequence of the Mesopotamian Espinal, placed in Villaguay Department, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.Material and methods: A standard “litter bags” technique was employed. Chemical analyses of C and N were performed for leaves. A regression analysis was applied and data were fitted to a double exponential model. Means estimated among forests and species within each forest were compared using the Tukey-Kramer test.Main results: The model predicted that leaves would completely mineralize in the mid-term. Leaf decomposition rate in different species (both in the Secondary forest and Mature forest) had dry matter residues in the following decreasing order: Acacia caven > Prosopis nigra > Prosopis affinis > Celtis ehrenbergiana. Research highlights: Successional stage was not found to be a factor determining the decomposition rate among species. Different decomposition rates, observed among different species, would not be attributed to initial quality of residues in terms of C and N, but would be associated with a positive feedback process related to nutrient cycle; thus, a greater decomposition would increase nutrient availability and, consequently, litterfall input.
Challenges in the Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Skeletally Immature Patients
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Storey Eileen P. , Shea Kevin G. , Kocher Mininder S. , Ganley Theodore J.
Published: December 2017

Although initially considered rare, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures in pediatric patients recently have increased substantially as a result of greater awareness of the injury and increased participation in youth sports. Although pediatric patients with an ACL injury and a clinically stable joint may handle the injury well and return to sports activity without requiring surgical reconstruction, young, active patients with an ACL rupture and an unstable joint may be good candidates for ACL reconstruction to prevent ongoing instability and additional joint damage. ACL reconstruction techniques have been developed to prevent physeal injury in skeletally immature patients. The surgical treatment of skeletally immature patients with an ACL rupture may differ from that of adults with an ACL rupture and presents unique challenges with regard to reconstruction technique selection, graft preparation, rehabilitation, and return to sports activity. Orthopaedic surgeons should understand various physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction techniques and the general challenges associated with the surgical management of ACL ruptures in pediatric patients.
THE ROLE OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN STIMULATING
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Koźlak Aleksandra
Published: December 2017

The importance of transport for economic development results from its multilateral
links with different forms of human activity. So far, the focus has been
on the impact of investments in the transport infrastructure on economic growth,
whereas the importance of other elements of the transport system has been overlooked.
In this article the concept and components of the transport system have
been analysed, indicating the important role of the soft transport infrastructure
and innovation. The main objective of the article is to analyse the role played
by transport in the modern economy and indicate the mechanisms affecting
the socio-economic development.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN TRANSPORT
AS ENERGY SECURITY FACTOR IN EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Pawłowska Barbara
Published: December 2017

The Energy Union is aimed at providing secure, sustainable, competitive
energy to the EU population at affordable prices. A thorough transformation
of the European energy system is required to accomplish this goal. The Energy
Union is an important project which is supposed to set a new direction and a clear
long-term vision for the European energy and climate policy. Transport is one
of the key sectors in terms of energy consumption. In 2015, 94% of the energy
used transport originated from crude oil and the sector’s share in the total
energy consumption was 34% (Eurostat, 2016). The aim of the article is to show
the activities in respect of the implementation of the “Clean Energy for Transport”
package and its importance for the implementation of the Energy Union objectives.
The development of an alternative fuel market should reduce the dependence on oil
and contribute to increased security of the energy supply for Europe, promote
economic growth and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transport. Tools aimed
at supporting the transition to low-carbon economy will be analyzed in the article.
The scope of popularization of alternative fuels is determined to a large extent by
market conditions and the extent to which an adequate infrastructure is developed.
Hence, particular emphasis will be placed on the priorities for the development
of technology and research, technical integration of solutions and financial support
for alternative fuels.
CAUSES OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC MASS MOVEMENTS IN GDYNIA
Authors: MAŁKA Anna , FRYDEL Jerzy , JURYS Leszek
Published: December 2017

Large group of the natural coastal landslides in the area of Gdynia (Babie Doły, Oksywie and Redłowo) are dominant and cover an area of about 4 ha (i.e. 60% of the area studied). The anthropogenic landslides, on the other hand, are more numerous but not bigger than 0.1 ha and occur within the town area. Cypel Redłowski is the most active cliff of the Bay of Gdańsk. There the erosion causes significant retreat of the coastline. The pace of that backward movement calculated by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), between years 2010 and 2015 was between 0 to almost 5 metres. During the same time the Cypel Redłowski retreated from 81.45 to 81.55 km,
i.e. at a pace of 0.23 metres a year. The pace of retreat in the Cypel Oksywski was even faster in the past. There the active landslides caused total damage of the fortifications built at the beginning of the 19th century. Prevention against landslides caused by the marine erosion has been applied for over a hundred years now. The marine erosion is the most significant trigger of the coastal landslides. The intensity of the erosion depends on the frequency of storms. Heavy rains exceeding 100.0 mm per 24 hours also trigger mass movements in the Gdynia area. Such event took place in Gdynia in 2016. At that time a landslide movement causing extensive damage was recorded.
Analysis of a Mechanistic Model for Non-invasive Bioimpedance of Intact Skin
Authors: Tsai B. , Xue H. , Birgersson E. , Ollmar S. , Birgersson U.
Published: December 2017

A mechanistic mathematical model for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of human skin is analyzed, leading to a reduced model and approximate solutions. In essence, the model considers a complex-valued Laplace equation in the frequency domain for the alternating current from a circular EIS probe passing through the layers – stratum corneum, viable skin and adipose tissue – of human skin in the frequency range 1 kHz – 1 MHz. The reduced model, which only needs to be solved numerically for the viable skin with modified boundary conditions, is verified with the full set of equations (non-reduced model): good agreement is found with a maximum relative error of less than 3%. A Hankel transform of the reduced model allows for approximate solutions of not only the measured impedance but also the point-wise potential distribution in the skin. In addition, the dimensionless numbers governing the EIS are elucidated and discussed.
New species of Aprionus (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Micromyinae) from Sweden and other parts of the Palearctic region
Authors: Jaschhof Mathias , Jaschhof Catrin
Published: December 2017

Aprionus Kieffer, 1894 is one of the most species-rich genera of the fungivorous subfamily Micromyinae (family Cecidomyiidae, gall midges). Eighteen new species of this genus are described here from different parts of the Palearctic region based on morphological characters of male adults: Aprionus balduri sp. nov. (Norway, Sweden), A. bestlae sp. nov. (Sweden, Czech Republic), A. borri sp. nov. (Sweden), A. fontanus sp. nov. (Germany), A. friggae sp. nov. (Sweden), A. fujisanensis sp. nov. (Japan), A. hugini sp. nov. (Sweden, Germany), A. magnii sp. nov. (Sweden), A. montivagus sp. nov. (Germany, Russia), A. munini sp. nov. (Sweden, Germany, Hungary), A. odini sp. nov. (Sweden), A. ogawaensis sp. nov. (Japan), A. sifae sp. nov. (Sweden), A. sleipniri sp. nov. (Sweden), A. surtri sp. nov. (Sweden), A. thori sp. nov. (Sweden), A. tyri sp. nov. (Sweden), and A. ymiri sp. nov. (Sweden, Finland). These species are classified with the angulatus, halteratus and smirnovi groups, or remain unclassified within the genus Aprionus. The styloideus subgroup of the halteratus group is established for seven species (four described here as new) with generally similar male genitalic morphology. Aprionus paludosus Jaschhof & Mamaev, 1997 is revived from synonymy with A. styloideus Mamaev & Berest, 1990, and both species are redescribed.
PARÂMETROS FISIOLÓGICOS DE MUDAS DE Albizia niopoides PRODUZIDAS EM DIFERENTES COMPOSIÇÕES DE SUBSTRATO
Authors: Afonso Marcelo Vielmo , Martinazzo Emanuela Garbin , Aumonde Tiago Zanatta , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: December 2017

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da composição de um substrato organoarenoso sobre emergência e parâmetros fisiológicos de mudas de angico-branco. As sementes foram submetidas à germinação nas seguintes composições do substrato: T1) 100% areia; T2) 75% areia + 25% Tecnomax®; T3) 50% areia + 50% Tecnomax®, T4) 25% areia + 75% Tecnomax®; T5) 100% Tecnomax®. As avaliações foram efetuadas aos 45, 90, 135 e 180 dias após a semeadura (DAS), sendo aferidos a altura de parte área e o diâmetro do coleto. Aos 180 DAS determinou-se a massa seca de parte aérea e de raiz, a massa seca total e os teores de clorofila a, b e total. A composição T1 (100% areia) proporcionou maior altura em mudas de angico nas quatro épocas de avaliação. A massa seca da parte área e de raiz foi superior na composição T2 aos 180 DAS, assim como a massa seca de raiz, o mesmo foi obtido para o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os teores de clorofila apresentaram modificação quali-quantitativa de acordo com a composição do substrato. A expressão do vigor da semente de angico-branco é afetada pela composição do substrato, sendo superior em substratos cuja composição contenha areia. A combinação entre Tecnomax® e areia constitui substrato organoarenoso, com potencial de emprego para produção de mudas de angico-branco.
OCORRÊNCIA ESPONTÂNEA DE Beauveria bassiana (Bals. Criv.) Vuill. 1912 (ASCOMYCETES: CLAVICIPITACEAE) SOBRE Thaumastocoris peregrinus (HEMIPTERA: THAUMASTOCORIDAE)
Authors: Lorencetti Grasielle Adriane Toscan , Potrich Michele , Mazaro Sérgio Miguel , Lozano Everton Ricardi , Gonçalves Thiago Evandro , Dallacort Sidinei
Published: December 2017

Exemplares de Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), inseto-praga do gênero Eucalyptus, foram encontrados mortos em um plantio Eucalyptus grandis no município de Realeza, região sudoeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil, apresentando micélio-branco sobre o corpo. Foram realizados procedimentos para isolamento (em meio de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Agar) e identificação do patógeno, sendo que a relação entre o micro-organismo e o inseto foi estabelecida através do postulado de Koch. A partir de procedimento padrão, foi identificado o fungo Beauveria bassiana. Em laboratório foi realizado teste de patogenicidade, e o mesmo causou mortalidade confirmada em 72,2 % dos insetos, na concentração de 1,0 x 108 conídios.mL-1, após seis dias de inoculação. Assim, verificou-se que Beauveria bassiana infecta naturalmente Thaumastocoris peregrinus, com ocorrência espontânea no estado do Paraná.
"Quadrilleros e sesmeros que miran por el bien público": lucha y aspiraciones sociopolíticas del común vallisoletano a fines de la Edad Media
Authors: Majo Tomé Beatriz
Published: December 2017

La constitución del regimiento a mediados del siglo XIV se tradujo en la exclusión del común de la participación política local. No obstante, a lo largo del siglo XV el común de las ciudades castellanas comenzó a reivindicar una mayor participación política lo que se tradujo en un enfrentamiento con las oligarquías que controlaban los regimientos. En este proceso, Valladolid se presenta como un enclave idóneo para analizar las aspiraciones políticas del común, su organización, la articulación de su discurso en torno a la reivindicación de la figura de los procuradores del común, y la lucha para alcanzar dichas aspiraciones, que otorgará al común la experiencia necesaria para poner en práctica un modelo de gobierno revolucionario durante el conflicto comunero. 
Les nouvelles
masculinités en Suisse : une approche par l’idéologie de genre et la répartition du
travail rémunéré et non rémunéré au sein des couples
Authors: Ben Salah Hakim , Wernli Boris , Henchoz Caroline
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : Dans les sociétés occidentales postmodernes, des hommes adoptent désormais des comportements
traditionnellement étiquetés comme féminins, notamment dans la répartition des rôles autour de l’enfant. En Suisse,
l’investissement concret des hommes est toutefois caractérisé, globalement et en comparaison des femmes, par une implication
moindre dans les tâches domestiques et familiales, qui diminue encore après la naissance d’un enfant.

Objectifs : Partant de ce constat,
cet article explore le rapport entre l’idéologie genrée et l’engagement des hommes et des pères dans ce domaine.

Méthodologie : À l’aide de modèles statistiques multivariés,
notre analyse tente de déterminer si les attitudes envers la vie familiale et l’égalité ont une influence sur l’implication domestique et familiale des hommes.
Nous mobilisons pour cela plus de 25 000 entretiens téléphoniques effectués entre 2000
et 2011 dans le cadre du Panel suisse de ménages (PSM).

Résultats : Les résultats font ressortir quatre
formes de masculinité. « L’homme professionnel » construit sa masculinité
essentiellement dans l’investissement professionnel sur le marché du travail et
financier au sein du ménage. « L’homme orthodoxe » reste le pourvoyeur principal des
revenus, sans pour autant dédaigner les tâches ménagères. Néanmoins, il s’occupe surtout
de celles qui sont socialement définies comme étant masculines. « Le traditionnel
gestionnaire » a un profil similaire, si ce n’est qu’il prend également en charge des
tâches dites négociables, les tâches administratives du ménage. « L’homme inclusif » est
celui qui partage le plus le temps de travail rémunéré et non rémunéré avec sa compagne.

Conclusions : En
définitive, ces différents profils s’expliquent moins par la mise en pratique d’une
idéologie de genre que par des facteurs institutionnels ou pragmatiques comme le capital
économique et humain à disposition des partenaires.

Contribution : En proposant une typologie de
l’implication dans le travail non rémunéré d’hommes en Suisse et en examinant de manière
empirique plusieurs explications des différences constatées, cet article apporte une
contribution originale à la connaissance des masculinités en contexte familial.
Mémoire familiale chez des jeunes parents en difficulté : mécanismes de représentation et de narration d’une histoire familiale tourmentée
Authors: Baret Caroline , Gilbert Sophie
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche :Certains « jeunes de la rue » ou « jeunes en difficulté » deviennent parents dans des contextes précaires : consommation de drogue, absence de logement stable et de revenus, en rupture sociale et familiale (Baret et Gilbert, 2015 ; Haleyet al., 2006 ; Poirieret al., 1999).

Objectifs :Notre recherche s’est intéressée à comprendre comment les jeunes parents en difficulté élaborent leur héritage et leur mémoire familiale, considérant leur histoire tourmentée (maltraitance, abandon, difficultés parentales).

Méthodologie :Nous avons mené des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 12 jeunes parents qui fréquentaient un organisme d’aide aux jeunes en difficulté à Montréal (Dans la rue). Notre analyse en profondeur des transcriptions a suivi une méthode inductive à deux niveaux : descriptif et interprétatif (Gilbert, 2009 ; Paillé et Mucchielli, 2008, 2012).

Résultats :L’analyse qualitative a permis de fonder une typologie de la mémoire familiale, appelée « représentation mémorielle de la famille ». Pour chacune des représentations (énigmatique,altéréeettrompe-l’œil), nous avons pu inférer trois mécanismes psychiques distincts : lascotomisation, lafixationet lafabulation mémorielles.

Conclusions :Si la mémoire familiale est conscience du passé et négociation avec celui-ci (Muxel, 1996), le récit des jeunes parents que nous avons rencontrés renvoie plutôt à la difficile conscientisation d’un passé, par le biais de différents processus : 1) l’effacement (scotomisation) ; 2) la suspension du temps et la reviviscence (fixation) ; 3) le travestissement (fabulation)

Contribution :Sans sous-estimer les difficultés actuelles et réelles des jeunes parents, il nous semble nécessaire d’explorer leur histoire familiale et sociale dans le cadre de l’intervention. Il s’agirait notamment de leur offrir un espace de parole au sein d’une relation de confiance permettant un travail de mémoire réflexif (Muxel, 1996) et de mentalisation (Tychey, 2001 ; Berthelotet al., 2013).
Lien entre les pratiques parentales négatives et les problèmes de comportement extériorisés des jeunes enfants à leur entrée à la maternelle : effet modérateur des pratiques positives de l’autre parent
Authors: Caron Camille , Besnard Thérèse , Verlaan Pierrette , Capuano France
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : L’étude de l’impact respectif des pratiques parentales des deux parents laisse entrevoir que les pratiques parentales des pères tout comme celles des mères contribuent positivement à l’adaptation sociale de l’enfant. Cependant, les pratiques parentales peuvent également être liées à la présence de difficultés d’adaptation, notamment de problèmes de comportement extériorisés. À une époque où les deux parents s’investissent dans l’éducation de leurs enfants, il est pertinent de se pencher sur l’influence mutuelle des pratiques parentales des deux parents sur les problèmes de comportement extériorisés de l’enfant et ainsi, déterminer des facteurs de modération possibles de la coparentalité au sein d’une même famille.

Objectifs : La présente recherche1 vise à vérifier : 1) si les pratiques parentales positives du père modèrent la relation entre les pratiques parentales négatives de la mère et les problèmes de comportement extériorisés de l’enfant et 2) si les pratiques parentales positives de la mère modèrent la relation entre les pratiques parentales négatives du père et les problèmes de comportement extériorisés de l’enfant.

Méthodologie : L’étude est transversale et porte sur un sous-échantillon de 626 enfants (âge moyen de 5,6 ans) et leurs deux parents. Les données ont été recueillies par questionnaires auprès des pères et des mères séparément.

Résultats : Les résultats d’analyses de régression multiple démontrent l’effet simple des pratiques négatives des deux parents sur les problèmes de comportement extériorisés de l’enfant. On remarque un effet modérateur des pratiques parentales positives de la mère sur les pratiques parentales négatives du père, mais pas l’inverse.

Conclusions : L’étude révèle l’importance de s’attarder aux pratiques parentales négatives, autant pour les mères que pour les pères. De plus, il apparait que l’effet combiné des pratiques des deux parents pourrait avoir un impact aussi important que les pratiques parentales individuelles sur le développement de l’enfant.

Contribution : De nouvelles connaissances dans le domaine du co-engagement parental sur le développement de l’enfant sont présentées dans cette étude, en considérant l’effet modérateur des pratiques parentales positives dans cette relation.
NORWAY SPRUCE (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) SEEDLINGS SURVIVAL IN PROGENY TEST “DRINIĆ”
Authors: Cvjetković Branislav , Mataruga Milan , Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana , Ivetić Vladan , Daničić Vanja , Stojnić Srđan , Stojanović Marko
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the results of survival in progeny tests in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina).Four progeny tests of Norway spruce on sites: Drinić, Derventa, Nevesine and Srebrenica wereestablished on the territory of the Republic of Srpska in 2009. These progeny tests consist of six populations:Han Pijesak 1 and 2, Foča, Potoci, Olovo and Kneževo. The total number of half-sib lines was 36.In this paper, the data collected during 2014 were analyzed and they refer to the survival of Norwayspruce seedlings in the progeny test in Drinić. The data were processed in order to determine whichpopulations and half-sib lines are best adapted to ecological conditions of Drinić area.The results indicate a significant variability of survival among the tested populations and half-sib lines.They also indicate a higher adaptability of population originating from geographically more distantprovenances from progeny test, in comparison with closer populations. The results can be used for thepurpose of transferring the spruce reproductive material from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Drinić area,as well as the sites which are characterized by similar ecological conditions.
Multiple sources of slow activity fluctuations in a bacterial chemosensory network
Authors: Colin Remy , Rosazza Christelle , Vaknin Ady , Sourjik Victor
Published: December 2017

Cellular networks are intrinsically subject to stochastic fluctuations, but analysis of the resulting noise remained largely limited to gene expression. The pathway controlling chemotaxis of Escherichia coli provides one example where posttranslational signaling noise has been deduced from cellular behavior. This noise was proposed to result from stochasticity in chemoreceptor methylation, and it is believed to enhance environment exploration by bacteria. Here we combined single-cell FRET measurements with analysis based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) to characterize origins of activity fluctuations within the chemotaxis pathway. We observed surprisingly large methylation-independent thermal fluctuations of receptor activity, which contribute to noise comparably to the energy-consuming methylation dynamics. Interactions between clustered receptors involved in amplification of chemotactic signals are also necessary to produce the observed large activity fluctuations. Our work thus shows that the high response sensitivity of this cellular pathway also increases its susceptibility to noise, from thermal and out-of-equilibrium processes.