bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substrates Formulated with Biochar for Seedling Production of Moringa oleifera Lam.
Authors: Soares Tássia Fernanda Santos Neri , Lima Idamar da Silva , Almeida André Quintão de , Gonzaga Maria Isidoria da Silva , Fialho Camila Andrade , Gomes Ingrid Luciana Rodrigues , Massaranduba Wendel de Melo
Published: March 2019

Moringa oleifera is an allogamous plant that is propagated by seeds and cuttings, rich in vitamin A and C, phosphorus, calcium and proteins. However, its best propagation form for the large-scale production is still unknown, as well the most suitable substrate for seedling production. Production of forest species seedlings with a high quality is directly related to physical and chemical substrates properties. Using biochar as substrate for seedlings production is an economical and sustainable solution for this proposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three biochar types, in two concentrations, for production of Moringa oleifera seedlings. Three types of substrates were formulated using residues of dry coconut shells, sewage sludge and orange bagasse. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed in a completely randomized design, consisting of seven treatments (substrates formulated with biochar in two doses, 1 and 2%) and the control, with four replicates, totalizing 28 seedlings. One month after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated biweekly for 60 days in relation to stem base diameter, shoot heigh, leaves number, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total seedling dry matter and Dickson Quality Index. The substrate formulated using sewage sludge biochar at 2% provided a greater increasing in shoot dry matter. This concentration improved seedling height and stem base diameter in 10.5 and 0.83 mm, respectively, compared to the control. In general, biochar improved physical and chemical soil quality, promoting a better M. oleifera seedlings development.
Patterns of Codon Usage Bias in WRKY Genes of Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Srivastava Snigdha , Chanyal Sheetal , Dubey Ashutosh , Tewari A. K. , Taj Gohar
Published: March 2019

Codon usage bias (CUB) is defined as the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons by the organism for encoding the amino acids. One of the important plant transcription factor family is the ‘WRKY’ whose role has been investigated in the regulation of abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. In this paper, the codon usage pattern of the WRKY transcription factor of the two important plant species Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa has been investigated. Various codon usage indices like ENc, CAI, correspondence analysis, RSCU analysis, neutrality plot and hierarchial clustering has been done. The GC codon status was high in Arabidopsis. The RSCU analysis of codons revealed that codons coding for arginine was maximum in both the plant species.Our results propose that natural selection was the main dominating factor guiding the evolution of different WRKY genes in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa.
Meters maken: gedragsexperts in het lokaal bestuur
Authors: Feitsma Joram
Published: March 2019

Making meters: behavioural experts in local government

Civil servants at the Dutch authorities increasingly make use of behavioural insights in the policy process. These insights are primarily put on the agenda at the level of the national government in the Netherlands. However, they also seem to be particularly useful at the local level. After all, behaviour-conscious policy focuses on behavioural change through the redesign of the direct environments of citizens, and local authorities have a clear view and control over these environments. In the light of this potential, this article explores the current rise and institutionalization of behavioural expertise in local government. The work practices of local behavioural experts are examined on the basis of three dimensions of local government: positioning, practices and politics. The findings show that local behavioural experts are still in an experimental and start-up phase, but at the same time are already working with a wealth of behavioural assignments. In doing so, they deal tactically with scarce resources, resistance and abrasive institutional logics. The article shows that behavioural insights and designs are also promising in local government, that a local administrative landscape of behavioural expertise is already being developed; and that making meters in the field of behavioural expertise calls for several forms of coordination.
De vierde D revisited. Afscheidscollege Thorbecke-leerstoel
Authors: Cohen Job
Published: March 2019

The fourth D revisited. Farewell lecture Thorbecke chair

On January 9 2015, Job Cohen held his inaugural speech at the University of Leiden as extraordinary professor at the prestigious Thorbecke chair. His study field was the theory of the municipality as an administrative, political and legal system. The title of his inaugural speech was ‘The fourth D’, in which the first three Ds stand for three different decentralizations of tasks to Dutch municipalities and the fourth D for democracy. In his speech Job Cohen advocated a deliberative form of democracy, because it doesn’t emphasize differences and the exaggeration of differences, but emphasizes what the members of a community have in common. This essay contains the farewell lecture that he held on November 30 2018. In it Cohen says that we are still in the transition of a gigantic operation, the three decentralizations of youth care, social services and labor participation. In many areas, therefore, cooperation at a higher level than the original municipalities is necessary and indeed established. Due to the increased regional cooperation, the House of Thorbecke no longer has such a strong foundation, which has long been the case. It is therefore inevitable, according to Cohen, that the House of Thorbecke receives more than just a new coat of paint. In his farewell lecture he furthermore discusses two kinds of citizen participation. The first kind concerns policy-influencing participation, the second involves self-reliant participation, or do-democracy or civil administration, in which the Right to Challenge is currently in the center of attention. This requires a delicate coordination between those who have and exercise government powers and citizens who want to exert influence on it.
Empiricism as an ethical enterprise. On the work of Erhard Blankenburg
Authors: Ippel Pieter
Published: March 2019

Empiricism as an ethical enterprise – on the work of Erhard Blankenburg

This article gives an interpretation of the empirical work of the well-known sociologist of law Erhard Blankenburg, who passed away in the Spring of 2018. He conducted interesting and intelligent research on the process of ‘mobilization of law’. The thesis of this article is that Blankenburg’s empirical approach is actually guided and stimulated by normative considerations. A complete and coherent picture of the concrete utilization of legal instruments shows that ‘alternative’ ways of dealing with problems and disputes are often morally preferable as they are inspired by a realistic assessment of persons-in-a-social-context.
Avaliação do movimento mandibular em crianças com e sem disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz Guimarães , Da Costa Joelma Magalhães , Gomes Cid André Fidelis de Paula , Hage Yasmin El , Camargo Arruda Éric Edmur , Gonzalez Tabajara De Oliveira , Politti Fabiano , Biasotto-Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O movimento mandibular corresponde à funcionalidade do sistema estomatognático e sua avaliação pode contribuir como comparativo entre crianças com e sem Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM). Objetivo: Avaliar o movimento mandibular de crianças de 6 a 10 anos com e sem disfunção. Métodos: Para avaliação do movimento mandibular, utilizou-se um paquímetro digital, e para distribuição dos grupos usou-se o questionário de Fonseca. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1) sem DTM, e Grupo 2 (G2) com DTM. Resultados: Na comparação da abertura bucal entre grupos, o G1 apresentou abertura de 42,74 mm; e o G2, de 42,79 mm; e entre os gêneros, o gênero masculino obteve abertura de 42,36 mm, e o feminino, 43,28 mm. Conclusão: A medida da abertura bucal não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com e sem disfunção, assim como entre os gêneros, mesmo o gênero feminino apresentando maior amplitude que o masculino.
ANTHROPOLOGY AS A PROJECT OF ETHICAL TRAVEL. COLONIALISM, RESEARCH EXPEDITIONS AND MASS TOURISM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Maj Anna
Published: March 2019

Purpose. The aim of the article is theoretical reflection on selected aspects of anthropological, philosophical and cultural thought,as well asreflection on anthropology as a project of ethical travel and intercultural communication within the historical context of the development of the discipline. The research also regardsreflection on research methods and on the figure of the Other in cultural, ethical and communication dimensions. Method. Analysis and interpretation of cultural texts, including research in the field of anthropology. Reinterpretation of classical anthropology within the context of travel theory. Findings. The analysis allows us to conclude that anthropology is essentially a project of ethical travel and intercultural communication. The evidence isturning points in the history of the discipline, the development of its research methods and meta-reflection regarding the experience of travelling to another culture along with mythologising and demythologising the Other and the researcher in scientific discourse. The analysis of the typology of travelers, colonial and postcolonial discourse, along with the location of travel experience, co-presence and diversity of anthropology and mass tourism, have shown that the research journey has played an important, auto-defining role in the Western reflection on the meeting with the Other. Research and conclusions limitations. The research is limited in ahistorical sense, belonging to a specific epoch and the contemporary postcolonial scientific discourse prevailing and methodologically, situating itself within the paradigm of cultural and communication research on tourism. Originality. The originality of the work results from an interdisciplinary view on the issues of anthropological research travel, the location of anthropology in the context of travel perception, selected theories and philosophies of travel. The choice of quoted concepts and arguments are the author’s. Reflection on the ethical dimension of the anthropological project, which has been developed for over 100 years, is important within the context of development of postcolonial discourse and alternative “indigenous” anthropologies, as well as contemporary transformations of intercultural communication under the influence of new technologies and dynamic and mass social processes related to spatial and socio-cultural mobility, tourism and migration. Type of paper. Theoretical work.
Renovação das práticas editoriais e instruções aos autores da RBMFC a partir de 2019
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Sarti Thiago Dias
Published: March 2019

Neste editorial, são apresentadas as novas práticas editoriais e instruções aos autores que nortearão a Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RBMFC) a partir de 2019. Com elas, a RBMFC renova seu compromisso com a publicação de trabalhos acadêmicos de qualidade para médicos de família e comunidade e outros profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde, contribuindo para a melhoria do cuidado à população.
Trauma e representação: reflexões sobre o contexto do incêndio na Boate Kiss
Authors: Dassoler Volnei Antonio
Published: March 2019

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre algumas narrativas suscitadas a partir do contexto do incêndio na Boate Kiss e compreendidas como esforço de representação e transmissão deste acontecimento enquanto experiência traumática individual e coletiva. Para tanto, consideramos os diferentes modos de implicação e testemunho produzidos neste cenário como possibilidade de elaboração.
“Para que não se repita”: práticas de consumo do Facebook por mães de vítimas do incêndio da Boate Kiss
Authors: Pavanello Alice Bianchini , Silva Sandra Rúbia
Published: March 2019

Este artigo analisa as práticas de consumo (CASTRO, 2014, MILLER et al, 2016) do Facebook por quatro mães de vítimas do incêndio da Boate Kiss na luta por justiça na morte dos filhos, uma vez que nenhum responsável pela tragédia foi preso. Utiliza-se uma abordagem etnográfica para internet (HINE, 2015) e conclui-se que as mães utilizam a plataforma para legitimar o direito de lutar e gerenciar o luto.
Del crimen de Níjar a "Puñal de claveles". Proximidades y distancias con "Bodas de sangre"
Authors: Rodríguez Solano Mariángeles
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo parte del examen de los sucesos conocidos como el crimen de Níjar para establecer un análisis comparativo de la construcción de la fábula en la novela de Carmen de Burgos y la tragedia lorquiana. El análisis explora las proximidades y distancias que van de la configuración narrativa del texto de Carmen de Burgos a la fórmula dramática que adquiere en García Lorca. Este acercamiento nos permite constatar cómo unos mismos acontecimientos estimulan de modo diferente dos imaginaciones creadoras produciendo dos textos de enorme fertilidad literaria.
Evolutionstænkning, identitetspolitik og kulturrelativisme: Svar til Anne-Christine Hornborgs respons på en review-artikel
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: March 2019

Evolutionstænkning, identitetspolitik og kulturrelativisme. Svar til Anne-Christine Hornborgs respons på en review-artikel
Anmeldelse af Geert Hallbäck, Johannes’ Åbenbaring og apokalyptik: Teksten, tiden og lidenskaben
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: March 2019

Anmeldelse af Geert Hallbäck, Johannes’ Åbenbaring og apokalyptik: Teksten, tiden og lidenskaben (udgivet af Gitte Buch-Hansen, Troels Engberg-Pedersen & Søren Holst), København, Eksistensen 2018
Forside og kolofon
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: March 2019

Forside og kolofon
A short history of plant transformation
Authors: Somssich Marc
Published: March 2019

The 1977 discovery that Agrobacterium tumefaciens inserts a specific piece of DNA into the plant cell genome triggered a race towards the first transgenic plant. Three groups were initially involved in the race, a fourth group entered later on. This race ended in 1983 with four labs publishing their own transgenic plant cell lines. This scientific breakthrough triggered the plant-biotechnology industry, and advanced the field of plant science like hardly any other. Who won the race? Here’s 'A Short History of Plant Transformation'.
A glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, liraglutide, ameliorates endothelial dysfunction through miRNAs to inhibit apoptosis in rats
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xiao Xinhua , Zheng Jia , Li Ming
Published: March 2019

Background and Aims

Many studies have revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 has vasoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated whether liraglutide suppressed endothelial dysfunction and explored the mechanism involved.

Methods

Experimental diabetes was induced through combined high-fat diet administration and intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections. Rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, diabetes, diabetes + a low liraglutide dose (0.2 mg/kg/d), and diabetes + a high liraglutide dose (0.4 mg/kg/d). Endothelial function and metabolic parameters were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. miRNA arrays were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs.

Results

We found that liraglutide significantly improved aortic endothelial function in diabetic rats. Liraglutide inhibited miR-93-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-34a-5p expression, and activated miR-26a-5p expression. miRNA mimic transfection experiments indicated negative relationships between miR-93-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-26a-5p and Sirt1, Creb, Bcl-2, and Pten expression, respectively. Moreover, liraglutide increased Sirt1, Creb, and Bcl-2 expression levels and reduced Pten expression level.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the role of key miRNAs in the liraglutide-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function in diabetic rats.
Road Construction and Trace Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils along a Major Traffic Corridor in an Expanding Metropolis
Authors: Wekpe V. O. , Chukwu-Okeah G. O. , Kinikanwo Godspower
Published: March 2019

City growth often time results in advancement and development in transportation which comes with its attendant changes in road infrastructure and transport support services such as road side mechanic workshops, vulcanizers and bus stops. A byproduct of these attendant contiguous activities and processes is the emission and release of trace heavy metals. Trace heavy metals have been identified as major carcinogens. This study aimed at determining the occurrence and concentration of heavy metals in roadside soils in an expanding third world metropolis. To achieve the aim of the research, the total length of the road within the study section was measured. Ten sample locations were indentified at about 2.5km intervals along the road section under review. The heavy metal concentration was determined the using Buck Scientific 210 VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) were determined. The result of the analysis showed that the concentration values ranged from <0.001 to 48.90 µg/mg. The results also revealed that the experimental sample points recorded higher values than the control samples; however, some of the control points had relatively higher concentration values. This observation may have emanated from the low lying trajectory and topography of the surrounding area, which allows run-off from the road side soils to wash off heavy metals and deposit them at these lower lying areas. The sources of these trace heavy metals are attributed to emissions from motor vehicles that ply the road on a day to day basis. Emanating from the findings, this study recommends that improved public transportation and cleaner sources of energy is recommended.
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Triterpenoid Molecules Isolated from the Leaves of Combretum glutinosum Perr. Ex DC (Combretaceae)
Authors: Sene Madièye , Ndiaye Daouda , Gassama Abdoulaye , Barboza Firmin Sylva , Mbaye Mbaye Diagne , Yoro S. Y. Guata
Published: March 2019

Combretum glutinosum Perr. Ex DC (COMBRETACEAE) is a traditional medicinal plant, widely distributed in Senegal and Africa. The aim of that study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two triterpenes, betulonic acid (DN7) and cabraleone (DN12), isolated from the leaves of Combretum glutinosum. Experiments were performed in acetic acid-induced contortions in mice and carrageenan rat paw oedema. DN7 (3 mg/kg, per os) and DN12 (3 mg/kg, per os) significantly prevent contortions in mice. The number of contortions is respectively 30±10 and 32±7 versus 72.6±6.64 in control group (p<0.05, n=5). DN7 (3 mg/kg, per os) significantly prevented the increased rat paw oedema (31.84±6.76 vs 92.72±6.05%) (p<0.05, n=5). DN12 (10 mg/kg, per os) induced rat paw oedema prevention similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg, per os) administered in the same conditions (29.28±5.88 vs 30.96±7.25%; ns, n=5). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenes isolated from C. glutinosum leaves are similar to those of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such acetylsalicylic acid, justifying the use of this plant in traditional medicine to manage pain and inflammation.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Practices of Graduates of a Blended‐Learning Program: A Survey of Rheumatologists From the United States
Authors: Nishio Midori , Torralba Karina D. , Ziniel Sonja I. , Kissin Eugene , Aslam Fawad ,   for the Ultrasound School of North American Rheumatologists
Published: November 2024

Objective

Not much is known regarding musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) practices of rheumatologists in the United States. We sought to determine the current use of MSUS among past participants of the Ultrasound School of North American Rheumatologists (USSONAR) training program and, by extension, MSUS‐practicing rheumatologists and to understand barriers to its MSUS use.

Methods

An online survey was sent to 374 participants in the eight‐month USSONAR blended course (Fundamentals in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and Train the Trainer) between 2009 and 2020. Each respondent had a unique identifier linked to their total number of submitted practice scans and examination scores during training.

Results

The survey response rate was 28.1% (105 of 374), comprising 82% adult and 18% pediatric rheumatologists. Of the respondents, 71% were MSUS certified: 86.7% performed and/or interpreted diagnostic MSUS, 81.0% performed/interpreted procedural MSUS, 59.8% billed for at least 50% of diagnostic studies, and 78.8% billed for at least 50% of procedural studies. The top reasons for not doing diagnostic and procedural ultrasonography were lack of administrative support and limited time, respectively. For 25% of diagnostic ultrasonography and 12.9% of procedural ultrasonography, billing was done <50% of the time. Of the respondents, 78.0% reported that USSONAR training made them better rheumatologists.

Conclusion

Most USSONAR‐trained rheumatologists are certified, practicing both diagnostic and procedural MSUS and billing for most of their work. However, a substantial number of studies are not being billed due to time constraints, limited administrative support, and legal liability. Participants agreed that USSONAR training made them better rheumatologists.
Some thoughts for the new federal administration
Authors: Kent Rob
Published: November 2024

I assume nothing. Having grown up surrounded by pessimists, I promised myself that I would be an optimist. I am also very mindful that those who are predicting what will happen over the next four years will likely be wrong. It is with this in mind that I offer some drug policy ideas for consideration.
Effect of an Electrical Field Applied to the Metal Capping Layer on the Electrical Properties of SiZnSnO Thin‐Film Transistors for Touch Sensor Application
Authors: Lee Sunjin , Lee Sang Yeol
Published: November 2024

Thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have been studied for their high mobility and stability to facilitate the development of TFT‐based touch sensors and electronic devices. A metal capping (MC) layer on the back channel of Si–Zn–Sn–O(SZTO) TFTs has been proposed to improve the electrical properties. MC, when adopted on the channel layer, has low resistance, leading to an improvement in the mobility of the TFT. The mobility of Ti/Al MC TFT has improved from 20.7 to 37.9 cm2 V−1 s compared to the pristine TFTs. Applying a potential voltage to the MC layer sensitively modulates the I–V characteristics of the TFT. The present study applies a voltage of 60 mV, similar to that of the human body, to MC‐TFTs to explore their possibilities as human touch sensors. The sensitivity and the energy bandgap modulation are also discussed.
Exploiting Geometric Frustration in Coupled von Mises Trusses to Program Multifunctional Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Liétard Yannis , Therriault Daniel , Melancon David
Published: November 2024

Multistable mechanical metamaterials are an emerging class of materials whose intricate internal structure can be engineered to program mechanical properties and promote reversible transitions between multiple stable states of energy. In this work, the design of a mechanical metamaterial based on an assembly of bistable von Mises trusses is presented. It is shown that coupling two von Mises trusses induces geometric frustration, which leads to an asymmetry between the stable states. Then the von Mises trusses are combined to build a unit cell that can change effective stiffness in compression when switching states. Based on a semi‐analytical model, the stiffness variation is characterized as a function of the geometric parameters and three possible scenarios are highlighted: 1) increased, 2) decreased, or 3) constant stiffness between the stable states. To validate the concept, the multistable metamaterials out of polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane via fused filament fabrication are fabricated, and their mechanical response is evaluated by measuring experimentally the effective stiffness in both stable states under compression. This unit cell also features modularity, enabling reversible assembly and post‐fabrication tunability. Finally, a range of applications are explored, including sandwich panels capable of changing their compressive and bending stiffness as well as their surface morphology.
Ultra Stable X‐Ray Imaging Through a Mutually Reinforcing Strategy Between Perovskite Nanocrystal‐Polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane
Authors: Zheng Wei , Liu Han , Liu Xiaoyu , Shi Ruirui , Han Xinyi , Wang Xiaojia , Long Teng , Zhang Yuhai , Wang Hua , Yu William W. , Zhou Chuanjian
Published: November 2024

The instability of halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) and related composite polymer films posed considerable challenges for application in flexible optoelectronic devices. Herein, perovskite nanocrystal‐polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane (PNCs‐PMFS) composites are developed that exhibit outstanding optical stability and irradiation resistance through a mutually reinforcing strategy. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of PNCs‐PMFS remained stable after four heating cycles, whereas perovskite nanocrystal‐polydimethylsiloxane (PNCs‐PDMS) composites exhibited a 31% decrease in PL intensity. Moreover, PNCs‐PMFS demonstrated superior luminescence stability under UV and X‐ray irradiation due to strong ion‐dipole interactions between PNCs and trifluoromethyl (CF3) dipoles. Under γ‐ray irradiation (300 kGy), PNCs‐PMFS retained 73% (2.86 MPa) of the initial mechanical strength, while PMFS without PNCs retained only 51%. This enhancement is attributed to the effective reduction of free radical concentration in the system by PNCs, as confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) and curing curve. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicated that PNCs adsorbed free radicals, thereby facilitating interfacial charge transfer and forming a stable resonance structure. These advancements enabled PNCs‐PMFS to serve as scintillation screens for X‐ray detection and imaging, achieving a spatial resolution of 19.0 lp mm−1 and a detection limit of 3.78 µGy s−1, offering novel insights for designing of X‐ray detectors in high‐energy radiation environments.
Screening Fluorination Additives for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xia Yu , Zou Chen , Lou Yan‐Hui , Zhou Yu‐Hang , Nar Aleyna , Li Yu‐Han , Nizamani Namatullah , Wang Kai‐Li , Chen Chun‐Hao , Chen Jing , Li Nan , Yavuz Ilhan , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: November 2024

Fluorinated additives are proposed to address the issue of domain polydispersity in quasi‐2D perovskites. However, the lack of established screening criteria for these additives necessitates a laborious and costly trial‐and‐error process. Herein, this work explores the behind nature for the first time how various fluorination in fluorinated additives affect domain distribution in quasi‐2D perovskites. The studies reveal that fully fluorinated additives could suppress undesirable low‐dimensional domains, facilitating efficient energy transfer, while partially fluorinated additives adversely cause deteriorated optical properties. The observed trend is ascribed to the molecular dipole moment of the fluorinated additives, offering a reasonable explanation for experimental phenomena that has never been reported before. By employing fully fluorinated additives, the fabricated sky‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) deliver a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.38% (@488 nm), marking as one of the highest efficiencies reported to date. The finding provides a screening criterion for fluorinated additives to realize efficient PeLEDs.
Synthesis‐Structure‐Property of High‐Entropy Layered Oxide Cathode for Li/Na/K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yunshan , Meng Yuefeng , Hu Xia , Peng Haoyang , Feng Lanlan , Wang Yao , Li Baohua
Published: November 2024

Increasing demand for rechargeable batteries necessitates improvements in electrochemical performance. Traditional optimal approaches such as elemental doping and surface modification are insufficient for practical applications of the batteries. High‐entropy materials (HEMs) possess stable solid‐state phases and unparalleled flexibility in composition and electronic structure, which facilitate rapid advancements in battery materials. This review demonstrates the properties of HEMs both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the mechanisms of their enhancement on battery properties. It also illustrates the progress in high‐entropy layered oxide cathode materials (HELOs) for lithium/sodium/potassium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs/PIBs) in the perspectives of synthesis, characterization and application, and elucidating the synthesis‐structure‐property relationship. Furthermore, it outlines future directions for high‐entropy strategies in battery study: precise synthesis control, understanding of reaction mechanisms through structural characterization, elucidation of structure‐performance correlations, and the computational and experimental methods integration for rapid screening and analysis of HEMs. The perspective aims to inspire researchers in the development of high‐performance rechargeable batteries.
Highly Strained AlGaAs‐GaAsP Nanomembranes‐Based High‐Performance Diode
Authors: Abbasi Haris Naeem , Sheikhi Moheb , Kim Donghyeok , Singh Ranveer , Gong Jiarui , Zhou Jie , Zhang Qiming , Qiu Shuoyang , Adamo Carolina , Marshall Patrick , Cheung Clincy , Gambin Vincent , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: November 2024

Nanomembranes (NMs) made from single‐crystalline inorganic semiconductors offer unique properties, such as flexibility, transparency, and tunable bandgaps, making them suitable for complex device integration and next‐generation high‐power devices. In this study, the fabrication of a high‐performing emitter and base (E‐B) diode using transferable NMs of n‐AlGaAs/p‐GaAsP is demonstrated. Using a modified epitaxial lift‐off and transfer method, a single‐crystalline n‐AlGaAs/p‐GaAsP fragile NMs transfer onto ultrathin oxide (UO) grown GaN and Si substrates. The crystalline quality of the NMs is characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques before and after transfer, no noticeable degradation has been found in its crystalline quality. In addition, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images confirm the smooth surface and uniformity of the NMs over the whole substrate without any formation of cracks, respectively. Kelvin probe force microscopy demonstrates the formation of a nanoscale contact potential barrier at the interface of the E‐B diode. Furthermore, current–voltage (I–V) measurements demonstrate that the performance of the NM‐based E‐B diode is comparable to that of a rigid diode on the as‐grown sample. The findings highlight the potential of the epitaxial lift‐off and transfer method for the heterogeneous integration of III–V semiconductor materials to overcome the lattice‐mismatch limitations.
Enhancing the Light‐Induced Actuation of Nickel Oxyhydroxide by Aluminum Doping
Authors: He Nan , Kwan Kin Wa , Ngan Alfonso Hing Wan
Published: November 2024

Material‐based actuators for developing miniature robotic systems is an emerging field of interest. Transition metal oxides/hydroxides (TMOs) are introduced for light‐induced actuation based on their effective photothermal mechanism of water deintercalation from their turbostratic crystal structures. Previous studies have demonstrated doping different metal ions into TMOs can make the crystals more turbostratic (more disordered), which can be utilized to enhance the light‐induced actuation is hypothesized. This work studies the effectiveness of aluminum (Al) doping in increasing the turbostraticity and hence actuation performance of TMO of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH). Scanning electron microscopy indicates that Al‐doping can be made into the NiOOH directly by soaking into aluminum sulfate solution without forming surface structures or agglomerated precipitates, and transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis shows that a more turbostratic phase structure and better hydration capability are acquired. This Al‐doped NiOOH demonstrates enhanced actuation performance by ≈30% compared to the undoped counterpart.
Photothermally‐Engineered Crystallization of GAP‐Se Bulk Chalcogenide Nanocomposites toward the Realization of 3D Gradient Refractive Index Profiles
Authors: Alvarez Roberto , Zachariou Anna , Mingareev Ilya , Loretz Thomas J. , Sharma Rashi , Cook Justin , Blanco Cesar , Richardson Martin C. , Howe Andrew , Lynch Patrick E. , Tagne Gil. B. J. Sop , Wang Kun , Klucinec Jake , Kang Myungkoo , Richardson Kathleen A.
Published: November 2024

Tailorability of a medium's optical properties, specifically refractive index and dispersion, is key to enabling compact optical designs. Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) are widely used for infrared (IR) imaging applications, and the development of gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics. This work extends efforts to create and characterize 3D GRIN profiles in bulk multi‐component Ge‐As‐Pb‐Se (GAP‐Se) ChGs through spatially selective conversion of commercial glass to glass ceramic. This work extends prior efforts on bulk and film lab‐scale glass media, to that of a commercially produced material with improved optical homogeneity. Laser‐induced crystallization upon heat treatment results in the formation of high index Pb‐containing crystals that contribute to an increase in the nanocomposite's resulting effective refractive index, neff. The material's induced crystallinity imparted via laser exposure and heat treatment using metrology tools such as refractometry, X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, and TEM are studied. The resulting material response is quantified which is shown to be modulated via laser dose in both lateral and for the first time, axial directions enabling the first demonstration of a true, 3D GRIN profile. By comparing these outcomes to prior radial GRIN structures, the promise of these media as candidate materials for infrared systems.
Photothermal Driven Biomimetic Actuator Based on Asymmetric Microstructure Nb2CTx MXene Film
Authors: Li Nan , Sun Tong , Zhang Chenchu , Fang Guangyou , Wang Yisen
Published: November 2024

The complex preparation process and low sensitivity have hindered the further application of current MXene‐based biomimetic actuators. In this paper, a photothermal biomimetic actuator based on an asymmetric niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) MXene film is prepared using the solution casting method, enabling interactions with various environments. Nb2CTx absorbs incident photons to provide an energy basis for the deformation of the actuator. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with excellent film‐forming properties is used to overcome the brittleness of Nb2CTx to improve the flexibility of the film. Additionally, polyethylene (PE) film can increase the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) difference between the materials, providing a mechanical basis for the actuator's deformation. The actuator can respond quickly at low optical power density conditions and produce large bending angles (202° in 2.72 s). It also shows excellent performance in applications such as flexible crawling robots (30 mm in 54 s), smart mechanical clamps (lifting objects ten times their own weight), and smart lighting systems (multi‐light source response). These results not only demonstrate the immense potential of PE/PVDF/MXene composites in biomimetic actuation but also provide new inspiration for exploring the application of other types of MXene in this field.
Interphase‐Regulated Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries Enabled by a Nonflammable Dual‐Functional Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Suwan , Weng Shixiao , Xu Jingjing , Tu Haifeng , Wang Zhicheng , Xue Jiangyan , Liu Lingwang , Zhang Fengrui , Sun Guochao , Gao Yiwen , Qian Can , Liu Zheng , Li Hong , Wu Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Room temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries have attracted significant attention due to their abundant material reserves, low cost, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the inherent problems of electrodes and complex interfacial reactions hinder the practical applications. In this study, a nonflammable dual‐functional ionic liquid‐based electrolyte is developed, which can form an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of sodium‐metal anode, effectively improving the sodium deposition behavior and inhibiting dendrite growth. Meanwhile, the unique synergistic effect of FSI−/TFSI− and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in nucleophilic substitution with sodium polysulfides are harnessed to modulate a solid‐solid (S8‐Na2S) transition, resulting in the formation of a stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) enhanced with NaF spheres. Consequently, the generation of polysulfides and interfacial side reactions are effectively suppressed by the solid‐solid transition mechanism under CEI protection. Therefore, by optimizing the multi‐component electrolyte, the S@C||Na cell exhibits high capacity, extends lifespan, exceptional rate performance, and enhances safety, showing a specific capacity of 565 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. The utilization of this novel electrolyte holds great potential in RT Na‐S batteries, enabling enhanced electrochemical performance and safety.
MXene Nanoparticles: Orchestrating Spherioidogenesis for Targeted Osteogenic and Neurogenic Differentiation
Authors: Kang Yoonjoo , Park Hyeongtaek , Shim Surim , Karima Gul , Lee Subeen , Yang Kisuk , Kim Hwan D.
Published: November 2024

MXenes represent a new class of 2D materials and exhibit unique properties that render them promising candidates for biomedical applications. MXenes can interact with cell membranes and modulate cell junction interactions, thereby influencing stem cell fate. While previous studies have demonstrated their potential to induce cell differentiation, research on their effects on stem cell spheroid growth and differentiation capacity is limited. This study investigates the ability of MXenes to induce cell differentiation using spheroids, which mimic the in vivo 3D microenvironment and hold significance for bone and nerve regeneration. MXene‐induced spheroids of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) and human neural stem cells (hNSCs) rapidly aggregate, indicating MXene's role in spheroid formation. The differentiation of these spheroids confirms MXene's ability to induce specific cell types: hADSC spheroids show enhanced osteogenic differentiation at a 5 μg mL−1 concentration, while hNSC spheroids require higher concentrations (20 μg mL−1) for neuronal differentiation, possibly due to MXene's influence on intercellular adhesion. These findings highlight the potential of MXene particles in promoting rapid aggregation and differentiation of hADSC and hNSC spheroids, offering promise for applications in tissue engineering, specifically in bone and nerve regeneration.
Hypercrosslinked Metal‐Organic Polyhedra Electrolyte with High Transference Number and Fast Conduction of Li Ions
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Zhang Runhao , Xie Xintai , Wang Juan , Jin Fazheng , Wang Zhifang , Wang Tonghai , Cheng Peng , Lu Jianhao , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with high Li‐ion transference numbers and fast ionic conductivity are urgently needed for technological innovations in lithium‐metal batteries. To promote the dissociation of ion pairs and overcome the mechanical brittleness and interface defects caused by traditional fillers in polymeric electrolytes, we designed and fabricated a cationic hypercrosslinking metal‐organic polyhedra (HCMOPs) polymer as SSE. Benefiting a three‐component synergistic effect: cationic MOPs, branched polyethyleneimine macromonomer and polyelectrolyte units, the Li‐HCMOP electrolyte possesses a high Li‐ion conductivity, a high Li‐ion transference number and a low activation energy. The LiFePO4/Li battery exhibits high capacity with superior rate performance and cycling stability. Moreover, soluble MOPs serve as high crosslinking nodes to provide excellent mechanical strength for electrolytes and good compatibility with polymers. This work highlights an effective idea of high‐performance MOP‐based solid‐state electrolytes applied in LMBs.
Idealizing Air‐Processed Perovskite Film Competitive by Surface Lattice Etching‐Reconstruction for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Jialong , Zhang Chenlong , Liu Naimin , Ma Linzheng , Duan Xingxing , Dou Jie , Guo Qiyao , He Benlin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Tang Qunwei
Published: November 2024

Air‐processed perovskite solar cells are desirable for the large‐scale manufacturing application in the future, yet the presence of moisture and oxygen goes against perovskite crystallization and deteriorates phase stabilization, leading to the formation of substantial defective nano‐impurities, especially on the vulnerable surface. Here, we propose a strategy to simultaneously remove superficial defect layer and solidify the surface by soaking air‐fabricated perovskite film into low‐polar organic esters at elevated temperature to trigger an in situ dynamic surface lattice disassemble and reconstruction process. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental results indicate that the inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite is first dissolved and then the Br‐rich phase is recrystallized at solid–liquid interface owing to the balance between weak solubility and high‐temperature induced annealing process, thus hardening the soft surface and releasing the lattice tensile stress, which benefits the minimization of interfacial recombination and improvement of the structural stability. As a result, we prepare a carbon‐based CsPbI2Br device in complete air without precise control on humidity, achieving a champion efficiency of 15.37 % with excellent resistance to harsh attackers. This method offers a promising avenue for overcoming the limit of processing conditions on advancing perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Pseudohalide Anions Driven Structural Modulation in Distorted Tetrahedral Manganese(II) Hybrids Toward Tunable Green‐Red Emissions
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Han Kai , Xia Zhiguo
Published: November 2024

Mn(II)‐based halides have recently garnered significant interest as emerging luminescence materials for diverse photonic applications. Generally, Mn(II) hybrids with tetrahedral coordination show green emission, however, ones with octahedral coordination give red emission. Herein, we design the synthesis of tetrahedral Mn(II) pseudohalide hybrids, (RPh3P)2MnBrxNCS4−x (R=phenyl, pentyl or methyl; Ph3P=triphenylphosphine; x=1–3), achieved by gradually substituting bromides with pseudohalides (NCS−). Compared to the green‐emitting A2MnBr4 (512 nm), the mixed hybrids exhibit significantly distorted [MnBrxNCS4−X] tetrahedra with high dipole moment, thus leading to the distinct Stokes shift energies and noticeable red shift emission in the range of 549–613 nm. Furthermore, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these hybrids correlates strongly with the pair correlation function of Mn(II) ions, specifically the Mn⋅⋅⋅Mn distance. These findings highlight the critical role of dipole moments in determining the emission properties and expand the luminescent family of Mn(II) pseudohalide hybrids.
Chiral Rotaxane‐Branched Dendrimers as Relays in Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems with Boosted Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Qin , Li Wei‐Jian , Zhang Dan‐Yang , Zhu Yu , Xu Wei‐Tao , Wang Yu , Wang Xu‐Qing , Wang Wei , Yang Hai‐Bo
Published: November 2024

Starting from AIEgen‐functionalized chiral [2]rotaxane building block, we have successfully synthesized a new class of chiral rotaxane‐branched dendrimers through controllable divergent strategy for the first time, based on which novel chiral artificial light‐harvesting systems (LHSs) were successfully constructed in aqueous phase by sequentially introducing achiral donor and acceptor. More importantly, accompanied by the two‐step Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process in the resultant artificial LHSs, the sequentially amplified circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performances were achieved, highlighting that the chiral rotaxane‐branched dendrimers could serve as excellent relay for both energy transfer and chirality transmission. Impressively, compared with the sole chiral rotaxane‐branched dendrimers, the dissymmetry factors (glum) values of the resultant artificial LHSs were amplified by one order of magnitude up to 0.038, enabling their further applications in information storage and encryption. The proof‐of concept study provides not only a feasible approach for the efficient amplification of CPL performances but also a novel platform for the construction of novel chiral luminescent materials.
Nano‐Springe Enriched Hierarchical Porous MOP/COF Hybrid Aerogel: Efficient Recovery of Gold from Electronic Waste
Authors: Majumder Dipanjan , Fajal Sahel , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Torris Arun , Banyla Yashasvi , Biswas Kishalay , Rasaily Sagarmani , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: November 2024

Extraction of gold from secondary resources such as electronic waste (e‐waste) has become crucial in recent times to compensate for the gradual scarcity of the noble metal in natural mines. However, designing and synthesizing a suitable material for highly efficient gold recovery is still a great challenge. Herein, we have strategically designed rapid fabrication of an ionic crystalline hybrid aerogel by covalent threading of an amino‐functionalized metal‐organic polyhedra with an imine‐linked chemically stable covalent organic framework at ambient condition. The hierarchically porous ultra‐light aerogel featuring imine‐rich backbone, high surface area, and cationic sites have shown fast removal, high uptake capacity (2349 mg/g), and excellent selectivity towards gold sequestration. Besides, the aerogel can extract ultra‐trace gold‐ions from different terrestrial water bodies, aiming towards safe drinking water. This study demonstrates the great potential of the composite materials based on a novel approach to designing a hybrid porous material for efficient gold recovery from complex water matrices.
Benzylic C(sp3)−H Phosphonylation via Dual Photo and Copper Catalysis
Authors: Li Heng‐Hui , Liu Yuwen , Kramer Søren
Published: November 2024

Alkyl phosphonates are important motifs in medicinal chemistry, yet their efficient synthesis by direct C(sp3)−H functionalization remains a challenge. Here, we report straightforward access to benzylic phosphonates by direct C(sp3)−H functionalization in a cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling reaction between non‐specialized alkylarenes and unfunctionalized phosphites. Notably, the C−H substrates are used as the limiting reagents. The scope of benzylic C−H substrates is broad, and the mild reaction conditions allow for good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway rather than the cationic pathway followed for specialized benzylic C−H substrates in previous methods.