bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PerPAIN trial: a pilot randomized controlled trial of personalized treatment allocation for chronic musculoskeletal pain—a protocol
Authors: Beiner E. , Baumeister D. , Buhai D. , Löffler M. , Löffler A. , Schick A. , Ader L. , Eich W. , Sirazitdinov A. , Malone C. , Hopp M. , Ruckes C. , Hesser J. , Reininghaus U. , Flor H. , Tesarz J. ,   PerPAIN consortium
Published: December 2022

Background

The therapy of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is complex and the treatment results are often insufficient despite numerous therapeutic options. While individual patients respond very well to specific interventions, other patients show no improvement. Personalized treatment assignment offers a promising approach to improve response rates; however, there are no validated cross-disease allocation algorithms available for the treatment of chronic pain in validated personalized pain interventions. This trial aims to test the feasibility and safety of a personalized pain psychotherapy allocation with three different treatment modules and estimate initial signals of efficacy and utility of such an approach compared to non-personalized allocation.

Methods

This is a randomized, controlled assessor-blinded pilot trial with a multifactorial parallel arm design. CMSP patients (n = 105) will be randomly assigned 1:1 to personalized or non-personalized treatment based on a cluster assignment of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). In the personalized assignment condition, patients with high levels of distress receive an emotional distress-tailored intervention, patients with pain-related interference receive an exposure/extinction-tailored treatment intervention and patients who adapt relatively well to the pain receive a low-level smartphone-based activity diary intervention. In the control arm, patients receive one of the two non-matching interventions. Effect sizes will be calculated for change in core pain outcome domains (pain intensity, physical and emotional functioning, stress experience, participant ratings of improvement and satisfaction) after intervention and at follow-up. Feasibility and safety outcomes will assess rates of recruitment, retention, adherence and adverse events. Additional data on neurobiological and psychological characteristics of the patients are collected to improve treatment allocation in future studies.

Conclusion

Although the call for personalized treatment approaches is widely discussed, randomized controlled trials are lacking. As the personalization of treatment approaches is challenging, both allocation and intervention need to be dynamically coordinated. This study will test the feasibility and safety of a novel study design in order to provide a methodological framework for future multicentre RCTs for personalized pain psychotherapy.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022792 (https://www.drks.de). Prospectively registered on 04/06/2021.
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia in patients with cerebrovascular ischemic stroke: does it have a role in cerebral microbleeds?
Authors: Osama Ahmed , Negm Mohamed , Mosallam Walid , Hegazy Mohamed , Elshamly Samer
Published: December 2022

Background

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) may account for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in ischemic cerebrovascular stroke.

Objectives

To examine whether VBD is associated with the involvement of CMBs in any region and, if so, whether it is associated with CMBs among ischemic stroke patients located in posterior circulation territory. For patients with VBD, we also studied ischemic stroke subtypes, and checked whether dolichoectasia was linked to vascular risk factors.

Methods

Two hundred ischemic stroke patients in whom detailed clinical data and brain MRI sequences were obtained, and stroke subtyping with TOAST classification (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) was performed.

Results

The mean age of patients was (65.22 ± 12.88), male patients were more frequent (67.5%); dyslipidemia was the most frequent risk factor (55%). Cardio-embolic stroke subtype was the most frequent (37%) and (71.5%) of patients had no history of previous use of antithrombotic drugs. Ectasia was found in 28 (14%), dolichosis was found in 50 (25%) and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia was found in 19 (9.5%) of patients. Cerebral microbleeds were detected in 114 (57%) patients. Mild degree CMBs was the most prevalent among patients 69 (61%) and were located predominantly in both anterior and posterior territories 41 (36%). CMBs were significantly more frequent in hypertensive and older patients.

Conclusions

In patients with VBD, severe degree CMBs were more common and were located as a vascular territory supplied by vessels originating from dolichoectatic parent vessels in the posterior region.
Evaluation of the determinants of cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Javadi Alireza Haji Seyed , Shafikhani Ali Akbar , Beizapour Neda
Published: December 2022

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the determinants of cognitive dysfunction are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of cognitive dysfunction in a relatively large sample of patients with MS for rapid screening.

Results

Fifty-three patients (33.6%) had cognitive dysfunction. According to the Wechsler Memory Scale, patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and patients with progressive MS (PMS) had significantly lower scores than the control group. Patients with RRMS compared to the control group were 76.73 ± 8.50 versus 105.58 ± 8.71 (P < 0.01), and patients with PMS compared to the control group were 72.56 ± 6.44 versus 105.58 ± 8.71 (P < 0.01). In patients with RRMS, the factors affecting the emergence of cognitive dysfunction included disability, fatigue, depression, and duration of illness, whereas in patients with PMS, just the disability variable was related to the presence or absence of cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that disability, fatigue, depression, and duration of illness were factors associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with RRMS. Proper identification of these factors can be helpful in the screening of cognitive dysfunction in this population.
Sternberg’s canal: a rare site of CSF leak—our experience and management of a series of cases at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Chandrakiran C. , Jagannatha Aniruddha T. , Nori Sahiti , Reddy Harshavardhan N.
Published: December 2022

Background

The lateral craniopharyngeal canal or Sternberg’s canal is located in the postero-lateral part of the sphenoid sinus. It is the weakest area of the skull base, originating due to defective fusion during embryological development in a small proportion of individuals. Hence, it can give rise to CSF leaks from that region. Due to the proximity of this region to the internal carotid artery, optic nerve, and cavernous sinus, it proves to be challenging to repair these defects. The exact location, role in the causation of CSF leaks, and clinical presentation with arachnoid herniation are also subject to much controversy.

Results

In our case series, we describe 7 patients with the rare clinical entity of CSF leak from the Sternberg’s canal, who had a mean age of 38.4 years, 4 of whom also had an arachnoid herniation through the canal. One patient already underwent prior endoscopic surgery for the CSF leak. We highlight a trans-nasal trans-sphenoid approach with multi-layer closure, i.e., fat plug, fascia, and a naso-septal flap with the use of an additional layer of muscle in one of the cases, following which all had good outcomes. Since the primary concern with this rare clinical scenario is correct identification and adequate exposure of the leak for repair, we additionally undertook a trans-pterygoid approach in 2 of our patients.

Conclusions

The key to the successful repair of the Sternberg’s canal leak lies in its accurate identification and exposure. In our series, we achieved good exposure by drilling the pterygoids and lateral sphenoid walls along with the use of angled endoscopes for visualization. Our case series highlights the linear relation of elevated BMI with spontaneous CSF leaks in the absence of benign intracranial hypertension and the reinforcement of repair with the use of a harvested naso-septal flap. Our multi-layered closure ensured good results and no recurrence of a leak in any of our patients.
Assertion, Evidence, and the Future
Authors: Ninan Dilip
Published: December 2022

This essay uses a puzzle about assertion and time to explore the pragmatics, semantics, and epistemology of future discourse. The puzzle concerns cases in which a subject is in a position to say, at an initial time t, that it will be that ϕ, but is not in a position to say, at a later time t′, that it is or was that ϕ, despite not losing or gaining any relevant evidence between t and t′. We consider a number of approaches to the puzzle and defend the view that subjects in these cases lose knowledge simply by moving through time.
Collective Abstraction
Authors: Litland Jon Erling
Published: December 2022

This paper develops a novel theory of abstraction—what we call collective abstraction. The theory solves a notorious problem for noneliminative structuralism. The noneliminative structuralist holds that in addition to various isomorphic systems there is a pure structure that can be abstracted from each of these systems; but existing accounts of abstraction fail for nonrigid systems like the complex numbers. The problem with the existing accounts is that they attempt to define a unique abstraction operation. The theory of collective abstraction instead simultaneously defines a collection of distinct abstraction operations, each of which maps a system to its corresponding pure structure. The theory is precisely formulated in an essentialist language. This allows us to throw new light on the question to what extent structuralists are committed to symmetric dependence. Finally, we apply the theory of collective abstraction to solve a problem about converse relations.
Prog-Plot – a visual method to determine functional relationships for false discovery rate regression methods
Authors: Bello Nicolás , López-Kleine Liliana
Published: December 2022

Multiple test corrections are a fundamental step in the analysis of differentially expressed genes, as the number of tests performed would otherwise inflate the false discovery rate (FDR). Recent methods for P-value correction involve a regression model in order to include covariates that are informative of the power of the test. Here, we present Progressive proportions plot (Prog-Plot), a visual tool to identify the functional relationship between the covariate and the proportion of P-values consistent with the null hypothesis. The relationship between the proportion of P-values and the covariate to be included is needed, but there are no available tools to verify it. The approach presented here aims at having an objective way to specify regression models instead of relying on prior knowledge.
Does Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Tumors Help in Determining the Safe Surgical Margin in Real-Time Navigation of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cai Xinran , Hong Haijie , Pan Wei , Chen Jiangzhi , Jiang Lei , Du Qiang , Li Ge , Lin Shengzhe , Chen Yanling
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aims to investigate whether indocyanine green (ICG) tumor imaging helps determine the safe surgical margin in laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Patients and Methods

Eighty-six patients with hepatic malignancies [including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM)] were included in this study. ICG-R15 testing was performed 5–7 days before surgery. Fluorescence staining of the tumor was detected by a fluorescent laparoscope, and the width of fluorescence band surrounding tumor was measured by an electronic vernier caliper.

Results

The positive rate of hepatic malignant lesions successfully stained by ICG fluorescence was 96.0% (95/99). HCC with better differentiation demonstrated non-rim fluorescence patterns, while cases with poor differentiation demonstrated rim patterns. CRLM uniformly demonstrated rim pattern. The width of fluorescence surrounding tumors was 0 in HCC with non-rim patterns. The minimum width of fluorescence surrounding tumors in poor differentiated HCC and CRLM were 2.4 ± 1.9 mm and 2.8 ± 2.5 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). ICG fluorescence imaging revealed eight small lesions, which were not detected preoperatively in seven patients, of which five lesions were confirmed as malignancies by pathology.

Conclusions

Resection along the ICG fluorescence edge can supply a safe surgical margin only for CRLM, but not for HCC. Otherwise, ICG fluorescence tumor imaging can preliminarily determine the pathological type of hepatic malignancies and histological differentiation of HCC and help detect small lesions that cannot be detected preoperatively.
Predictive efficiency of phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin neuropeptides concentration levels in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in paediatric population
Authors: Cichoń Lena , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata , Pałasz Artur , Wilczyński Krzysztof Maria , Suszka-Świtek Aleksandra , Żmijowska Anna , Jelonek Ireneusz
Published: December 2022

Cel pracy

Celem badania była ocena stężeń wybranych neuropeptydów : feniksyny, speksyny oraz kisspeptyny w surowicy krwi żylnej dzieci i młodzieży z choroba afektywną dwubiegunową, a tym samym ich skuteczności predykcyjnej w tym zaburzeniu.

Metoda

Materiał i metoda. Badanie objęło 75 osób w wieku średnio 15,26 lat (95%CI: 14.86-15.67 ), z czego grupę badaną stanowiło 57 osób z diagnozą choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej, a grupę kontrolną - 18 osób bez diagnozy psychiatrycznej i nieleczonych farmakologicznie.
Feniksynę, speksynę i kisspeptynę oznaczano w surowicy krwi z żyły obwodowej. Pomiary stężeń neuropeptydów wykonano metodą immunoenzymatyczną ELISA.

Wyniki

Średnie stężenie feniksyny w grupie badanej wynosiło 1,57 ng/ml (95%CI: 1,35-1,79), natomiast w grupie kontrolnej – 2,69 ng/ml (95%CI: 2,38-3; U Mann-Whitney test p-value<0,05). W przypadku speksyny wyniki te wynosiły odpowiednio: 639,65 pg/ml (95%CI: 558,86-720,44) w grupie badanej oraz 354,28 pg/ml (95%CI: 310,33-398,22; U Mann-Whitney test p-value<0,05) w grupie kontrolnej. Obserwowane różnice były istotne statystycznie. W zakresie poziomu kisspeptyny średnie stężenie w grupie badanej wynosiło 126,02 pg/ml (95%CI: 39,82-212,23; mediana: 59,85), zaś w grupie kontrolnej - 54,83 pg/ml (95%CI: 39,23-70,43; mediana: 51,3; U Mann-Whitney test p-value=0,29), a obserwowana różnica nie była istotna statystycznie.

Wnioski

Występowanie objawów choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej jest w istotny statystycznie sposób powiązane z obniżonym stężeniem PNX oraz w niewielkim stopniu z podwyższonym stężeniem speksyny w surowicy krwi chorych. Nie wykazuje natomiast związku ze stężeniem kisspeptyny.
Editorial
Authors: Kelly Erin E.
Published: December 2022

This is the editorial for issue 25.2 (December 2022) of Early Theatre.
Promotion Strategies of Family Education Guidance Service in Chinese Community
Authors: Li Chencheng , Wu Pei , Teng Luyan
Published: December 2022

To carry out family education is related to the vital interests of thousands of families, and it is the top priority of the national livelihood work. It has become an international consensus to provide family education guidance services based on communities to improve the level and quality of family education. However, at present, there are still serious problems in the work of family education guidance services in Chinese communities, such as the absence of a normalized policy guarantee system, the weakening of value consensus by the game of stakeholders, and the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of high-quality resources. To this end, the following promotion strategies are proposed: improving relevant policies and regulations and ensuring the working operation mechanism; guiding residents to participate deeply and balancing the demands of stakeholders; deepening the supply-side reform of resources and promoting the quality development of education.
Selenium and the impact of its supplementation on subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Namroży Natalia , Dubel Julia , Dubel Robert , Ruszel Kinga , Czekaj Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

Hypothyroidism is a common disease, very often associated with an autoimmune reaction of the body leading to lymphocytic infiltration within the thyroid gland, i.e. Hashimoto's disease. In the classification of disease entities involving the functioning of the thyroid gland, subclinical hypothyroidism can also be distinguished - a condition in which peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations are within normal limits, but as a result of the inhibition of negative feedback loops, the TSH value increases. The subject of this paper is the consideration of the potential impact of selenium supplementation - an element included in bioactivators associated with the thyroid gland, responsible, among others, for the production of an active form of thyroid hormones, for the possibility of achieving euthyroidism in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, using only rational selenium supplementation, without the use of exogenous thyroid hormones.
The importance of regular and ongoing training for congenital CMV in countries without routine screening: A survey among pediatricians
Authors: KANIK YÜKSEK Saliha
Published: December 2022

Objective: Although CMV is the most common congenital infection, studies on how its importance is understood by healthcare professionals are limited. This research aims to assess awareness and knowledge of pediatricians regarding congenital CMV infection (cCMVi).
Material and Methods: The target group of the study was pediatricians in Turkey. A 26-item anonymous questionnaire was developed, and implemented online. Participants were grouped by their professional seniority: Group-I, pediatric residents; Group-II, pediatricians; Group-III, specialists in any sub-branches of pediatrics; Group-IV, associate professors/professors in pediatrics.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 434 respondents. The mean duration of practice was 11.95±7.3 (1-40) years for professionals, and 31.14±13.1 (1-60) months for pediatric residents. Of the participants, 85.9% knew that cCMVi screening is not applied in Turkey and 89.4% had previously followed a patient with suspected cCMVi. Incorrect answers regarding transmission routes and diagnosis methods were significantly more preferred by pediatricians other than residents. Correct answer rates about most common clinical presentation, imaging modalities, common disease-related sequelae, and treatment were generally quite low.
Conclusion: The responses revealed a lack of knowledge and awareness about cCMVi in Turkey among pediatricians, especially in professionals rather than residents. It is important to provide regular and ongoing training about cCMVi in countries where screening is not implemented.
Reflective heat-insulating applications using transparent oxide semiconductors based on plasmonic hybridizations
Authors: Matsui Hiroaki , Hasebe Takayuki , Tabata Hitoshi
Published: December 2022

A great deal of attention has been given to reducing the levels of infrared (IR) light entering automobiles and buildings in relation to energy-saving technology. The present use of thermal-shielding methods cuts IR radiation not by absorption, but through reflection in an effort to decrease re-radiation of heat indoors. Recent demands for thermal-shielding materials require visible and microwave transmissions with high heat-ray reflections. However, these films are unable to fully transmit electromagnetic waves in the microwave range, which are currently difficult to employ in window applications. Recently, IR plasmonic excitations on film surfaces have been observed on transparent oxide semiconductors. The sub-wavelength nanostructures are capable of supporting local surface plasmon resonances, which provide a novel concept of thermal-shielding. In this presentation, we employ experimental and theoretical approaches to report on the plasmonic properties of assembled films of ITO NPs. We show that the selective light reflections in the IR range are based on plasmon hybridizations due to field interactions induced at inter-nanoparticle gaps, and which are demonstrated by changes in the structural size of the NPs. We also focus our attention on the field interactions of .E-fields along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in an effort to account for the matter by which the assembled films facilitate high IR reflectance. This study provides new insights for the enhancement of heat-insulating capability.
Fiber-Assisted Fluorescence Spectral Endoscope
Authors: Katagiri Takashi , Nakano Syuhei , Matsuura Yuji
Published: December 2022

Spectral imaging has great advantages in fluorescence assisted diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Autofluorescence interference often reduces image contrast in imaging with fluorophores that specifically accumulates into tumor tissues. Furthermore, the multi-color fluorescent-image guided surgery is recently attracting attention. Therefore, flexible wavelength separation techniques are required. However, developing of flexible endoscopic systems having a spectroscopic function is challenging because endoscopic systems which combines integrated tunable filters, such as LCTF or AOTF, on the distal image sensor increase the size of tip and reduce brightness and use of image transfer fiber bundles decreases spatial resolution. In this research we propose an endoscopic system based on compressive sensing technique [1] to capture fluorescence spectral image without sacrificing brightness, size, and resolution.
Diagram Method for Resolution Limit Calculation in Laser Microscopy
Authors: Fukutake Naoki
Published: December 2022

In 1873, Ernst Abbe established the modem theory of image formation in optical microscopy and derived the well-known formula for optical resolution, d=λ/2NA, which corresponds to frequency cutoff (resolution limit) of 2NA/λ. Recently many kinds of laser microscopy have been developed by means of a variety of light-matter interactions. Although the Abbe’s definition of resolution limit is still used as the standard, it is relatively unknown that 2NA/λ can be applied only to the microscopy utilizing χ(1)-derived light-matter interaction such as linear absorption. If taking advantage of higher order χ(1)-derived interactions (i≧2), the resolution limit may surpass 2NA/λ. In this study, we formulated the rules for the calculation of resolution limit in all laser microscopy that employ arbitrary interactions.
Evaluation of Extracellular Matrix Influence to Beat Synchronicity of iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte- NHC Fibroblast 3D Tissues Using Image Correlation Analysis
Authors: Espulgar Wilfred , Shima Fumiaki , Hiura Ayami , Takamura Yasushi , Fukumoto Ken , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru , Tamiya Eiichi
Published: December 2022

Multicellular 3D cardiac microtissues composed of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cardiomyocytes and normal human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCFs) with different contractile performances are presented in this work. The cells were coated with fibronectin-gelatin nanofilm or collagen and then assembled using the developed cell accumulation technique to produce the multi-layered 3D tissues. The mixing ratio of NHCFs was adjusted to 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (iPS-CM100, iPS-CM75, iPS-CM50, iPS-CM25) of the total cell number. Using the image correlation analysis (Fig 1a-d), a non-invasive method, the effect of the amount of NHCF and the type of extra cellular matrix (ECM) coating used in the developed technique was determined. After 4 days of incubation, it was observed that the microtissue formed from the cells coated with collagen and with 25% NHCF had the best performance (Fig. 1e-f). However, further tests are still needed to determine if a lower amount of NHCF will have better performance and if it will be compatible with the host myocardium. Other tests are still needed to be done to determine the relationship of the histology to the observed contractile behavior. In addition, the presented data can be utilized in tuning the contractile behavior of the tissue by changing the ratio of iPS-CM and NHCF and cell surface coating depending on the desired behavior. With this, an alternative method for analyzing the engineered tissue and assessing the derived parameters were formulated which can be helpful in realizing the ideal cardiac tissue for transplant.
Observation of nonlinear scattering from gold nanoshells
Authors: Nishida Kentaro , Deka Gitanjal , Smith Nicholas I. , Chu Shi-Wei , Fujita Katsumasa
Published: December 2022

Optical microscopy possesses the capability to image the inside of biological tissues. Two-photon excitation microscopy achieved the spatial resolution in three dimensions by the nonlinear light-material interaction via two-photon excitation of fluorescent probes [1]. However, the contrast of image significantly degrades with increasing the observation depth since the signal light is attenuated during propagation through layers of the tissue before being detected.
VSRR for isotropic absorption and nanophotonic sensor
Authors: Lee Wei-Hou , Chen Jia-Wern , Chung Tsung Lin , Wu Pin Chieh , Liao Chun Yen , Tsai Din Ping
Published: December 2022

Metamaterials have been realized for exotic optical phenomena which can not be found in nature, such as negative refractive index and cloaking. Nowadays, people intend to be more precisely from fundamental physical response to specific functionalities in metamaterials on demand for the development on practical applications, such as optical switches, phase gradient surfaces[1,2], optical modulators, polarizer and wave plate. One of the potential applications is the metamaterial based perfect absorber (MPA)[3]. Due to the strong electromagnetic field confinement arising from surface plasmon resonance, MPA provides a benefitting way for enhancing the efficiency in solar energy capture, nanoplasmonic sensor and bolometer. The commonly utilized structural configuration for MPAs is incorporating a metamaterial array with a perfect reflective mirror separated by a dielectric spacer. Because of the near-field interaction between metamaterials and its mirror images, a strong plasmon field confinement is involved and therefore dramatically enhances the absorption intensity. However, both the electric and magnetic responses play an important role to those of electromagnetic media, especially for the nonlinearity responses. Vertical split-ring resonator (VSRR) attracts a wide interest because it found out that the magnetic reciprocal coupling of incident light [4,5].
Local photothermal conversion using metal semi-shell arrays
Authors: Agawa (M)Hiroaki , Okamoto Takayuki , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko
Published: December 2022

The high-efficient photothermal conversion on metal nanostructures by localized surface plasmon is attractive in these days. When incident light is absorbed by surface plasmons, hot carriers are generated and changed into heat due to the relaxation. For example, it has been experimentally confirmed that the local water temperature on gold nano particle arrays irradiated by laser exceeds 200°C just before micro bubble generation.[1] These heat generation phenomena are applied in various research fields such as photothermal therapy, solar thermal conversion, local chemical reaction, etc. Among these researches, with the mind of the catalytic effect on metal under general pressure and temperature, we fabricated various metal semi-shell arrays by colloidal self-assembly and investigated the generation of micro bubbles under laser light irradiation in water.
Palladium nanoparticles decorated MWCNTs engraved in polypyrrole matrix for the sensitive detection of hydrazine based on FOSPR
Authors: Pathak Anisha , Gupta Banshi Dhar
Published: December 2022

Hydrazine, a well-known reactive base and a critical reducing agent is a colorless liquid used substantially in industrial as well as in military applications [1]. Despite its acknowledged and long established applications, it is considered as a human carcinogen on minute levels of exposure through inhalation, ingestion or eye/skin contact. Hence, trace level detection of hydrazine is necessary for health safety. Various methods like liquid chromatography, spectrometry, electrochemical and optical have been reported for hydrazine sensing. We report a fiber optic SPR probe based on plasmonic property of silver thin film and palladium decorated MWCNTs engraved in polypyrrole matrix as sensing layer. Polypyrrole is a well-known conducting polymer used extensively for detection of hydrazine by charge transfer reactions leading to change in both its electrical and optical properties [2]. It also helps in attachments of Palladium-MWCNTs composite on silver coated probe.
Ring-lighting for hyperspectral imaging by use of a retro-reflector
Authors: Kawai Kazuki , Kujime Ryosuke , Okamoto Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: December 2022

Hyperspectral camera (HSC), which detects spectrally resolved images, is used to investigate spectral characteristics such as that of plants and biomedical samples. Spectral characteristics of the transmitted component alone may not be enough to know the spectral characteristics of the sample. Therefore, it is effective to apply illumination light to the surface of a sample from both sides. Such an illumination can be realized by multiplexed illuminations with a group of light sources. However, when measuring under the same lighting environment, a single light source is preferable. In this paper, we propose methods to illuminate a region of interest (ROI) by use of a single light source with a retro-reflector.
Li-Fi based Secure Programmable QR Code (LiQR)
Authors: Hussain Babar , Lau Carson , Yue C. Patrick
Published: December 2022

The use of Quick Response (QR) code [1] has proliferated with growing number of mobile consumers and its use in a wide range of applications including advertisement, product labelling and tracking, access control, and mobile payments etc. However, being a static image, a QR code can be replicated or altered easily posing a security challenge while using it for sensitive applications, for instance, payments and access control. Visible light communication (VLC) or Li-Fi, which uses modulated LED light to transmit data that can be captured via the CMOS image sensor on a smartphone [2], presents an ideal opportunity to substitute traditional static QR code with an LED light based QR code. This type of light based QR code (LiQR) is se-cure and can be dynamically programmed for improved security as well as cover a wider range of applications.
Very Small Lasers and Resonators
Authors: Lee Yong-Hee
Published: December 2022

Quest for the smallest possible laser has been on-going over several decades, attracting scientists in the laser community. The evolution of small lasers, from vertical cavity surface emitting laser to photonic crystal laser and one-dimensional nanobeam laser, is briefly reviewed. And our recent efforts on the ultra-low threshold small lasers are to be discussed in more detail. The potential and limits of very small metallic lasers and resonators will also be addressed.
Tip-enhanced Raman Study of Interwall Interactions in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Kato Ryo , Igarashi Shun , Umakoshi Takayuki , Verma Prabhat
Published: December 2022

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have unique electronic and physical properties, which originate from the strong interwall interactions between adjacent walls of a MWNT.
Surface plasmon focusing and its application to refractive index imaging Muroran Institute of Technology
Authors: Kano Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

Surface plasmons excited on a flat metal surface propagate with a certain propagating constant depending on refractive index in the near field of the metal surface.
Low temperature effect on Raman and SERS spectra of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Taniguchi Masaki , Umakoshi Takayuki , Verma Prabhat
Published: December 2022

Low-temperature Raman spectroscopy is an interesting technique to investigate molecular vibration by suppressing the thermal interference between the atoms.
Terahertz emission from ferromagnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
Authors: Qiu Hongsong , Kato Kosaku , Hirota Kazumasa , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Yoshimura Masashi , Nakajima Makoto
Published: December 2022

The terahertz emission based on the spin current in the ferromagnetic heterostructure Co/Pt is demonstrated.
Helical structure of human sweat ducts and their interaction with sub-terahertz waves
Authors: Tripathi Saroj R. , Takahashi Shogo
Published: December 2022

The applications of terahertz (THz) waves have expanded into diverse fields such as homeland security, information and communication technology and non-destructive testing and analysis [1].
Sensitivity Enhancement of Electro-Optic Sampling of Terahertz Pulsed Waves by Polarization Filtering
Authors: Tani Masahiko , Kitahara Hideaki , Kato Hiroyuki , Shiihara Masaki , Esaki Akihiro , Afalla Jessica , Mag-usara Valynn , Furuya Takashi , Escaño Mary Clare , Yamamoto Kohji , Estacio Elmer , Bakunov Michael
Published: December 2022

In the previous report [1], we have successfully demonstrated that the electro-optic (EO) sampling signal, ΔI/I (optical intensity modulation due to EO effect normalized by the optical probe beam intensity), can be enhanced by “polarization filtering”.
Augmented reality system using holographic mirror and concave half-mirror
Authors: Moon Seokil , Lee Byoungho
Published: December 2022

Recently, augmented reality (AR) systems using holographic optical elements (HOEs) are getting the limelight [1,2]. In this study, we propose the AR system using holographic mirror and concave half-mirror. The proposed system provides the image with relatively high field of view (FOV) without increasing the form factor of the system. There is a trade-off between the system form factor and the reconstruction efficiency of holographic mirror. The optimal condition of the system is determined with experiments and analysis.
An Estimation Method for Alignment of Non-parallel Plates based on Wave Otics
Authors: Park Junghwan , Kim Sangyun , Park Sungjae , Park Sinwoong , Kim Hwi
Published: December 2022

As the research and development of display systems are advanced, various functional panels are embedded in a single display product, and precise aligning between panels is becoming important in order to derive intended results when designing. Also, when attaching an optical element having a special function to a flat panel display, the accuracy analysis of the inter-panel alignment is the crucial keypoint and that is being studied by many researchers. [1]
Parallax Barrier 3D Display Full Panel Simulator based on Wave Optics
Authors: Kim Sang Yun , Park Jung Hwan , Park Sung Jae , Kim Hwi
Published: December 2022

Recently, research on three-dimensional (3D) displays is underway using lenticular lenses or parallax barrier [1].
Computational Imaging from Focal Stack Based on Feature Density Measure
Authors: Liu Chang , Qiu Jun
Published: December 2022

There are many cues to recovery scene depth such as parallax, perspective and defocused information. Depth from defocus (DFD) and depth from focus (DFF) are the classical methods of a monocular vision which is based on defocused images, and the critical issue is the focus or defocus measure. The techniques of DFD and DFF are attractive because they can avoid the inaccurate matching in stereo vision and achieve the high precision of scene depth map. We applied the feature density to indicate the focus degree of an object point in the focal stack. The focus measure leads to establish computational imaging, including depth estimation and all- in-focus imaging algorithms.
Plasmon assisted switching of emission in β - In2S3 /Ag nanohybrid Structures
Authors: Anitha. D , Warrier Anita R
Published: December 2022

Photonic devices require material whose optical properties are tunable over a wide range of wavelength with faster switching rate.
Femtosecond Laser-induced Jet Flow for Particles Manipulation in Microfluidic Chip with Assistance of Micro-Structure
Authors: Hong Z-Y. , Yaxiler Y. , Okano K. , Carlo D. D. , Hosokawa Y.
Published: December 2022

Cell sorting is an important technique for single-cell research. Especially, micro-chip cell sorting has recently attracted attention for its potential of high-speed manipulation efficiency [1,2]. Now, we have developed a new cell sorting system combining a femtosecond laser (fs-laser) with a microfluidic chip. When an intense fs-laser is focused into liquid, an explosive evaporation of the aqueous solutions at the laser focal point induces a jet flow, which is utilized as an external force for manipulation. Herein, we proposed to modify this jet flow by making a micro-structure. In this work, we studied on fluid dynamics at micro-structure in the chip channel, and applied this to our new sorting system.
Vibrational strong coupling between molecular vibration and subwavelength plasmonic cavity supporting gap plasmon mode
Authors: Dayal Govind , Morichika Ikki , Ashihara Satoshi
Published: December 2022

We report on strong coupling between molecular vibrational resonances of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) molecules and gap plasmon resonance of an ultrathin plasmonic cavity in the midinfrared range. The strong coupling is achieved when the molecular vibrational mode and plasmonic cavity exchange energy faster than their relaxation rates and it is maximum when two relaxation rates are equal [1]. In this work, we designed, fabricated and characterized a composite medium consisting of a thin PMMA layer sandwiched between the nanoantenna array and a continuous metallic thin film to achieve vibration strong coupling. The spectral position and the relaxation rate of gap plasmonic resonance are tuned through the molecular resonance of the PMMA molecules (at 1730 cm−1) to go from weak to strong coupling regime. Strong coupling between vibrational modes and gap plasmon mode leads to the formation of new hybrid light-matter states called polaritonic states (@ 1690 cm−1 & 1810 cm−1), separated by the vacuum Rabi splitting (120 cm−1). Thin film coupled nanoantennas with sub-wavelength gaps have shown great potential in nanophotonic applications because they offer the ultimate electric field confinement in the gap. Our work is complementary to earlier work using microcavities and provides a new approach to achieve strong coupling with a nanoscale plasmonic cavity (λ/25) and the possibility to modulate the strong coupling regime by changing the gap thickness of the cavity and the lattice period of the nanoantenna array.
Plasmonic Effect on Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cell for Light Absorption Enhancement
Authors: Imam Muzaffar , Askari Syed Sadique Anwer , Kumar Manoj , Ahmed Tauseef , Das Mukul Kumar
Published: December 2022

In the recent year, plasmonic effect in thin films by using metal nanoparticles, for enhancement of light trapping is considerably important among the researchers. Light trapping enhancement is a huge challenge in the thin film solar cell because of its limited thickness. Effective Light trapping can enhance the conversion efficiency up to 2-3% of the solar cell [1]. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used for enhancement of light trapping in solar cell by interacting conduction electrons of metal nanoparticles to the incident photons [2].
Hamiltonian ray tracing of compressed lens via transformation-optics
Authors: Park Junghwan , Kim Youngjae , Kim Hwi
Published: December 2022

Today’s technology is driving the need for lighter, simpler, and more compact optical devices [1]. As part of that, a design method using the transformation optics is actively researched. The transformation optics is a new paradigm for the science of light that is enabled by recent developments in metamaterials [2]. The material properties designed by the transformation-optic method can be supported by the fast advance in the field of metamaterials. By combining metamaterial with Hamiltonian optics, we propose an unprecedented type of lens for an imaging system. This transformation-optic designed lens is devised for a compact imaging system. In this paper, we study the optical characteristics of transformation-optic compressed lens which have properties difficult to find in nature.
All-dielectric field enhanced spectroscopy beyond the plasmonic limit
Authors: Yano Taka-aki
Published: December 2022

Dielectric nanostructures with a high refractive index and a low optical loss have recently attracted considerable attention as an alternative to plasmonic nanostructures [1-5]. They are known to possess both electric dipole (ED) and also magnetic dipole (MD) resonances in the visible region while only the ED is dominantly excited for plasmonic nanostrucutures in the visible. The electromagnetic multipoles excited in the high-index dielectric nanostructures enable the manipulation of light beyond the diffraction limit and offer high electromagnetic field enhancement comparable to that exhibited by the plasmonic nanostructures.
Raman spectroscopy of macrophage uptake and cellular response during exposure to dietary lipids
Authors: Sugiyama Takeshi , Hobro Alison J. , Umakoshi Takayuki , Verma Prabhat , Smith Nicholas I.
Published: December 2022

The increase in patients suffering from ‘lifestyle diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes and gout has been associated with the amount and nature of fats in our diets. In many of these diseases, macrophages and their role in lipid metabolism greatly impacts the development and severity of the disease. Fatty acids, which are a sub-class of lipids, have many different types depending on the number of carbon atoms and the presence of carbon double bonds (i.e. saturated and unsaturated fatty acids). The chemical properties of each fatty acid depend on the number of carbon atoms and degree of saturation. Therefore, it is important to investigate how macrophages metabolize these different types of fatty acids. In this research, we focus on the distribution and the uptake of four fatty acids: palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, shown in Table 1.
Propagation of V-point singularity through diamond shape aperture
Authors: Khan Saba Nashreen , Deepa S , Senthilkumaran P.
Published: December 2022

Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is apparently Fourier transform of the aperture function. But when the beam possesses orbital angular momentum (OAM) it exhibits strangely different diffraction patterns that abides by charge conservation rule [1]. The azimuthally varying phase of scalar-field singularities effecting diffraction patterns has been rigorously discussed in the literature considering various shape of the apertures. This aspect has already been utilized in phase retrieval and OAM detection [1]. In this work, peculiar diffraction behaviour of vector-field singularities [2, 3], that are superposition of oppositely charged OAM beams in orthogonal polarized states, on passing through a diamond shaped aperture is investigated. Integrating spatially inhomogeneous polarization to the diffracting beams although increases the inherent complexity, unveils interesting polarization transformations.
Light field data fusion with large field of view based on feature point tracking
Authors: Qiu Jun , Liu Chang
Published: December 2022

To realize the fusion of the multi-view light field data, we proposes a method of light field data fusion with large field of view based on feature point tracking. The fusion of the light field data is achieved by tracking the matched feature points and solving the two-plane parameterized transformation between different perspectives. We applied the public light field data with different perspectives to verify the proposed light field fusion method.
Starting points generation for freeform reflective imaging system design using neural network based deep-learning
Authors: Yang Tong , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: December 2022

Using freeform optical surfaces is a revolution in the field of imaging system design. Such systems have important applications in the area of virtual reality and augmented reality, light-field and high-performance cameras, microscopy, spectroscopy, and other applied physics researches. We propose a framework of starting points generation for freeform reflective imaging systems using back-propagation (BP) neural network based deep-learning. Good starting points of specific system specifications for optimization can be generated immediately using the network. The amount of time and human effort as well as the dependence on advanced design skills reduce significantly.
Light-induced reorganization of charge density wave stacking in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Li Weijain , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: December 2022

Light is a powerful tool in sculpting the energy landscape of strong correlations.
Infrared absorbing material for Indoor Heat Dissipation
Authors: Li Wen-Hao , Ma Yu-Chi , Li Jia-Han
Published: December 2022

Daytime radiative cooling (DRC) materials can be used for heat dissipation, and it attracts a lot of attention recently [1].
Quantitative, scalable surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for biodiagnostic applications
Authors: Nam Jwa-Min
Published: December 2022

Designing, synthesizing and controlling plasmonic metal nanostructures with high precision and high yield are of paramount importance in optics, nanoscience, chemistry, materials science, energy and biotechnology.
Sensitive Small Molecule Detection Using Coupling of Image Dipoles of Gold Nanoparticles and Fano Resonance of Periodic Gold Nanostructures
Authors: Kuo Chia-Wen , Wang Sheng-Han , Lo Shu-Cheng , Ho Ya-Lun , Delaunay Jean-Jacques , Wei Pei-Kuen
Published: December 2022

Compared to conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor using a prism coupler, the metallic nanostructure-based plasmonic sensor takes advantage of high-throughput and on-chip detections.
All-Silicon Segmented Modulator for Optical Digital-to-Analog Converter Transmitter
Authors: Sobu Yohei , Tanaka Shinsuke
Published: December 2022

Silicon (Si) photonics is a key technology of photonic component in future optical network.
Control and Enhancement of Optical Nonlinearity in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Yeom Dong-Il
Published: December 2022

Nonlinear optic processes have been extensively used in diverse fields, including ultrafast optical signal control, wavelength conversion, and generation of entangled light sources in quantum technology.
Terahertz Magneto-Optic Sensing/Imaging using a Diabolo-Shaped Antenna with Thin Spintronic Layer between its Flares
Authors: Talara Miezel , Bulgarevich Dmitry , Tachioka Chiyaka , Mag-usara Valynn Katrine , Kitahara Hideaki , Nakajima Makoto , Watanabe Makoto , Tani Masahiko
Published: December 2022

Finding balance in the different performance metrics has been a crucial consideration in the development of new types of magneto-optic imaging (MOI)-based techniques [1, 2, 3, 4], including the MOI with Faraday effect for non-destructive testing (NDT) of material defects [5, 6].
Predicting 2D THz Spectra Due to Nonlinear Phononics with First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Davis Lauren Rawlings , Knighton Brittany E. , Nielson Megan F. , Alejandro Aldair , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: December 2022

Terahertz (THz) electric field pulses with high peak-field strengths and relatively low photon energies have enabled the observation of fascinating physics in a number of materials [1].
Novel Optical Processes in Globally Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Komatsu Natsumi
Published: December 2022

Macroscopically ordered arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes, including fibers (1D), films (2D), and crystals (3D) of aligned carbon nanotubes, have long been sought.
Development of Noise-free Terahertz Parametric Source
Authors: Mine Sota , Kawase Kodo , Murate Kosuke
Published: December 2022

Recently, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has emerged as a promising approach for the identification of illicit drugs.