bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial magnetic field induced by an evanescent wave
Authors: Mochol Małgorzata , Sacha Krzysztof
Published: January 2015

Cold atomic gases are perfect laboratories for realization of quantum simulators. In order to simulate solid state systems in the presence of magnetic fields special effort has to be made because atoms are charge neutral. There are different methods for realization of artificial magnetic fields, that is the creation of specific conditions so that the motion of neutral particles mimics the dynamics of charged particles in an effective magnetic field. Here, we consider adiabatic motion of atoms in the presence of an evanescent wave. Theoretical description of the adiabatic motion involves artificial vector and scalar potentials related to the Berry phases. Due to the large gradient of the evanescent field amplitude, the potentials can be strong enough to induce measurable effects in cold atomic gases. We show that the resulting artificial magnetic field is able to induce vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped close to a surface of a prism where the evanescent wave is created. We also analyze motion of an atomic cloud released from a magneto-optical trap that falls down on the surface of the prism. The artificial magnetic field is able to reflect falling atoms that can be observed experimentally.
Micromotors to capture and destroy anthrax simulant spores
Authors: Orozco Jahir , Pan Guoqing , Sattayasamitsathit Sirilak , Galarnyk Michael , Wang Joseph
Published: January 2015

A micromotor-based approach capable of rapid screening, detecting, isolating and damaging biothreat agent spore simulants from untreated samples is demonstrated.
Heterometal–organic frameworks as highly sensitive and highly selective luminescent probes to detect I−ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Shi Peng-Fei , Hu Huan-Cheng , Zhang Zhan-Yun , Xiong Gang , Zhao Bin
Published: January 2015

Cationic heterometal–organic frameworks serve as highly sensitive and highly selective luminescent probes for detecting I−ions in aqueous solutions.
Zero-strain reductive intercalation in a molecular framework
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Cairns Andrew B. , Lim Jared J. K. , Cassidy Simon J. , Clarke Simon J. , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: January 2015

Intercalation of potassium into the molecular framework silver hexacyanoferrate occurs with remarkably small volume strain.
DNA-encapsulated chain and wire-like β-MnO2organosol for oxidative polymerization of pyrrole to polypyrrole
Authors: Ede Sivasankara Rao , Anantharaj S. , Nithiyanantham U. , Kundu Subrata
Published: January 2015

DNA-encapsulated chain and wire-like β-MnO2organosol showed pronounce catalytic activity for the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole to polypyrrole at room temperature.
SF6− photodetachment near the adiabatic limit
Authors: Luzon I. , Nagler M. , Heber O. , Strasser D.
Published: January 2015

High sensitivity photodetachment cross-section measurements suggest a SF6− adiabatic detachment energy of 1.7 ± 0.02 eV, significantly higher than previously recommended experimental values. Possible differences between the experimental approaches are discussed.
N-confused porphyrin tautomers: lessons from density functional theory
Authors: Marchand Gabriel , Roy Hélène , Mendive-Tapia David , Jacquemin Denis
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the complex UV/Vis absorption signature of the dominant N-confused porphyrin tautomers is rationalized by simulations of the vibrationally resolved spectra.
Electrochemical preparation of nanostructured lanthanum using lanthanum chloride as a precursor in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid
Authors: Zhang Q. B. , Yang C. , Hua Y. X. , Li Y. , Dong P.
Published: January 2015

Nanostructured lanthanum was electrochemically prepared on a platinum (Pt) substrate in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMI-DCA) containing anhydrous LaCl3at 333 K.
Tailoring plasmonic properties of gold nanohole arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Zheng Peng , Cushing Scott K. , Suri Savan , Wu Nianqiang
Published: January 2015

The wide plasmonic tuning range of nanotriangle and nanohole array patterns fabricated by nanosphere lithography makes them promising in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors.
High specific surface area YSZ powders from a supercritical CO2 process as catalytic supports for NOx storage–reduction reaction
Authors: Klotz Michaela , Hernández Willinton Y. , Guizard Christian , Viazzi Céline , Hertz Audrey , Charton Frédéric , Tardivat Caroline , Vernoux Philippe
Published: January 2015

The high specific surface area YSZ improves the washcoat dispersion in the porous walls of mini-diesel particulate filters, enhancing both NO conversion and N2 selectivity.
Synthesis, characterization and solid-state photoluminescence studies of six alkoxy phenylene ethynylene dinuclear palladium(ii) rods
Authors: Figueira João , Czardybon Wojciech , Mesquita José Carlos , Rodrigues João , Lahoz Fernando , Russo Luca , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari
Published: January 2015

Solid-state photoluminescence studies of six dinuclear [PdCl(PEt3)2]) rods revealed a decrease in the emission intensity when moving from the free ligands to the Pd complexes.
Remarkable enhancement in photocytotoxicity and hydrolytic stability of curcumin on binding to an oxovanadium(iv) moiety
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Pant Ila , Khan Imran , Prasad Puja , Hussain Akhtar , Kondaiah Paturu , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: January 2015

Polypyridyl oxovanadium(iv) curcumin complexes show remarkable hydrolytic stability and visible light-induced photocytotoxicity in cancer cells by mitochondria targeting ROS-mediated apoptosis.
Six Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) coordination polymers assembled from a similar binuclear building unit: tunable structures and luminescence properties
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Rong Lulu , Hu Guoli , Jin Suo , Jia Wei-Guo , Liu Ji , Yuan Guozan
Published: January 2015

Six coordination polymers with different structures have been prepared. The tunable structures and photoluminescence properties were observed due to their different metal centers and supramolecular structures.
Formation of new polymorphs without any nucleation step. Desolvation of the rimonabant monohydrate: directional crystallisation concomitant to smooth dehydration
Authors: Fours Baptiste , Cartigny Yohann , Petit Samuel , Coquerel Gérard
Published: January 2015

Rimonabant monohydrate can be dehydrated at 100 °C or above with complete loss of structural information; in this case the amorphous material can lead to nucleation and crystal growth. The water molecules can also be removed by a smooth process below Tg (78 °C) of the anhydrous phase. In that latter process there is a structural filiation between the mother phase and the daughter phase. The solvent molecules escape from the mother structure by using a network of specific channels; the new non-solvated material undergoes a relaxation process similar to a directional crystallization. By this soft mode of desolvation inside a material which has a very limited mobility, the nucleation of a non-solvated material can be avoided. The structural information contained in the mother phase is not used as a template for crystal growth but it is more a progressive rearrangement of the new desolvated material towards the nearest well in energy. Thus, a metastable new polymorph of a non-solvated component can be obtained by: (i) the crystallization of the component as a solvate and (ii) a smooth desolvation at T < Tg. Other parameters liable to interfere with that transmission of structural information are discussed.
Untargeted metabolic profiling identifies interactions between Huntington's disease and neuronal manganese status
Authors: Kumar Kevin K. , Goodwin Cody R. , Uhouse Michael A. , Bornhorst Julia , Schwerdtle Tanja , Aschner Michael , McLean John A. , Bowman Aaron B.
Published: January 2015

This study uses an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify changes in energetic processes underlying Huntington's disease pathogenesis and Mn neurotoxicity.
Pd(ii) complexes with amide-based macrocycles: syntheses, properties and applications in cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Jha Rajeev Ranjan , Yadav Sunil , Gupta Rajeev
Published: January 2015

Square-planar Pd2+ complexes of macrocyclic ligands carrying electronic substituents are synthesized and characterized. These well-characterized complexes have been used in the Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions.
Poly(alkylene itaconate)s – an interesting class of polyesters with periodically located exo-chain double bonds susceptible to Michael addition
Authors: Chanda Sananda , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: January 2015

Dibutyl itaconate, a bio-sourced monomer, is melt-condensed with various aliphatic diols to generate unsaturated polyesters carrying exo-chain double bonds; these exo-chain double bonds readily undergo Micheal addition with a variety of organic thiols and amines, including some derviatized amino acids, like cysteine and proline.
Piperine promotes ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced cell death in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells through modulation of major regulators of cell survival
Authors: Rafiq Rather A. , Ganai Bashir A. , Tasduq Sheikh A.
Published: January 2015

Piperine elevates intracellular ROS formation and impairs calcium homeostasis. It acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer, causing cell death and attenuation of major regulators of survival signalling pathways, offering a possible, practical therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
Polymeric organo–magnesium complex for room temperature hydrogen physisorption
Authors: Pareek Kapil , Rohan Rupesh , Cheng Hansong
Published: January 2015

Hydrogen physisorption in a polymeric organo–magnesium complex.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of the aerogel-filled PET nanofiber assemblies prepared by electro-spinning
Authors: Mazrouei-Sebdani Z. , Khoddami A. , Hadadzadeh H. , Zarrebini M.
Published: January 2015

This paper focuses on the potential use of sodium silicate based aerogels, instead of small precursor molecules, as a filler in the PET nanofibers (PNFs).
Chemoselective deprotection and deprotection with concomitant reduction of 1,3-dioxolanes, acetals and ketals using nickel boride
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Dawra Kiran , Sharma Purnima
Published: January 2015

Reductive deprotection of 1,3-dioxolanes, acetals/ketals to the corresponding aldehydes/ketones and deprotection with reduction to the corresponding alcohols using nickel boride has been developed.
Synthesis and characterization of a polyurethane ionene/zinc chloride complex with antibacterial properties
Authors: Ding Bu-Peng , Wu Fang , Chen Si-Chong , Wang Yu-Zhong , Zeng Jian-Bing
Published: January 2015

Antibacterial polyurethane ionene/zinc chloride complexes were synthesized and their properties were systematically investigated.
Bio-inspired double-layer structure artificial microreactor with highly efficient light harvesting for photocatalysts
Authors: Yang Qiang , Liu Jian , Li Huizeng , Li Yanan , Hou Jue , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin
Published: January 2015

The artificial TiO2leaves microreactors replicated from submerged aquatic needle-like leaves with double-layer structure showed superior light harvesting capability and photocatalytic performance.
A facile approach to transform stainless steel mesh into pH-responsive smart material
Authors: Yang Fuchao , Guo Zhiguang
Published: January 2015

A facile method for the preparation of smart pH-responsive interface based on stainless steel mesh.
Synthesis of three-dimensional hyperbranched TiO2nanowire arrays with significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Pan Zhenghui , Qiu Yongcai , Yang Jie , Liu Meinan , Zhou Lisha , Xu Yijun , Sheng Leimei , Zhao Xinluo , Zhang Yuegang
Published: January 2015

The three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructure is one of the promising candidates for high performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting electrodes due to the reduced carrier diffusion distance, improved light absorption efficiency and charge collection efficiency.
3D printing of porous structures by UV-curable O/W emulsion for fabrication of conductive objects
Authors: Cooperstein I. , Layani M. , Magdassi S.
Published: January 2015

We present a new approach for fabrication of a porous structure with controllable pore size for later embedment with nano particle. We showed how this method can be applied for fabrication of a 3D conductive circuit.
ClpB dynamics is driven by its ATPase cycle and regulated by the DnaK system and substrate proteins
Authors: Aguado Alejandra , Fernández-Higuero José Angel , Cabrera Yovana , Moro Fernando , Muga Arturo
Published: January 2015

The hexameric AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) chaperone ClpB reactivates protein aggregates in collaboration with the DnaK system. An intriguing aspect of ClpB function is that the active hexamer is unstable and therefore questions how this chaperone uses multiple rounds of ATP hydrolysis to translocate substrates through its central channel. In the present paper, we report the use of biochemical and fluorescence tools to explore ClpB dynamics under different experimental conditions. The analysis of the chaperone activity and the kinetics of subunit exchange between protein hexamers labelled at different protein domains indicates, in contrast with the current view, that (i) ATP favours assembly and ADP dissociation of the hexameric assembly, (ii) subunit exchange kinetics is at least one order of magnitude slower than the ATP hydrolysis rate, (iii) ClpB dynamics and activity are related processes, and (iv) DnaK and substrate proteins regulate the ATPase activity and dynamics of ClpB. These data suggest that ClpB hexamers remain associated during several ATP hydrolysis events required to partially or completely translocate substrates through the protein central channel, and that ClpB dynamics is tuned by DnaK and substrate proteins.
Adolescent Outcomes of Children With Early Speech Sound Disorders With and Without Language Impairment
Authors: Lewis Barbara A. , Freebairn Lisa , Tag Jessica , Ciesla Allison A. , Iyengar Sudha K. , Stein Catherine M. , Taylor H. Gerry
Published: January 2015

Purpose

In this study, the authors determined adolescent speech, language, and literacy outcomes of individuals with histories of early childhood speech sound disorders (SSD) with and without comorbid language impairment (LI) and examined factors associated with these outcomes.

Method

This study used a prospective longitudinal design. Participants with SSD (
n
= 170), enrolled at early childhood (4–6 years) were followed at adolescence (11–18 years) and were compared to individuals with no histories of speech or language impairment (no SSD;
n
= 146) on measures of speech, language, and literacy. Comparisons were made between adolescents with early childhood histories of no SSD, SSD only, and SSD plus LI as well as between adolescents with no SSD, resolved SSD, and persistent SSD.

Results

Individuals with early childhood SSD with comorbid LI had poorer outcomes than those with histories of SSD only or no SSD. Poorer language and literacy outcomes in adolescence were associated with multiple factors, including persistent speech sound problems, lower nonverbal intelligence, and lower socioeconomic status. Adolescents with persistent SSD had higher rates of comorbid LI and reading disability than the no SSD and resolved SSD groups.

Conclusion

Risk factors for language and literacy problems in adolescence include an early history of LI, persistent SSD, lower nonverbal cognitive ability, and social disadvantage.
Real Enough: Using Virtual Public Speaking Environments to Evoke Feelings and Behaviors Targeted in Stuttering Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Brundage Shelley B. , Hancock Adrienne B.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Virtual reality environments
(VREs) are computer-generated, 3-dimensional worlds that allow users to experience situations similar to those encountered in the real world. The purpose of this study was to investigate VREs for potential use in assessing and treating persons who stutter (PWS) by determining the extent to which PWS's affective, behavioral, and cognitive measures in a VRE correlate with those same measures in a similar live environment.

Method

Ten PWS delivered speeches—first to a live audience and, on another day, to 2 virtual audiences (neutral and challenging audiences). Participants completed standard tests of communication apprehension and confidence prior to each condition, and frequency of stuttering was measured during each speech.

Results

Correlational analyses revealed significant, positive correlations between virtual and live conditions for affective and cognitive measures as well as for frequency of stuttering.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that virtual public speaking environments engender affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in PWS that correspond to those experienced in the real world. Therefore, the authentic, safe, and controlled environments provided by VREs may be useful for stuttering assessment and treatment.
New XDM-corrected potential energy surfaces for Ar–NO(X2Π): A comparison with CCSD(T) calculations and experiments
Authors: Warehime Michael , Johnson Erin R. , Kłos Jacek
Published: January 2015

We report new potential energy surfaces for the ground state Ar–NO(X2Π) van der Waals system calculated using the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) method with the addition of the Becke-Roussel correlation functional and exchange-hole dipole moment dispersion correction (XDM). We compare UHFBR-XDM surfaces and those previously reported by Alexander from coupled cluster CCSD(T) calculations [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 7426 (1999)]. The bound states of Ar–NO have been investigated with these new UHFBR-XDM surfaces, including relative energy-level spacing, adiabatic bender states and wave functions, and spectroscopic data. These results have been found to be in good agreement with calculations based on the CCSD(T) PESs. These new PESs are used to investigate the inelastic scattering of NO(X) by Ar. Full close-coupling integral cross sections at collision energies of 442 cm−1, 1774 cm−1 and differential cross sections at collision energy of 530 cm−1 were determined for transitions out of the lowest NO(X) rotational level (j = ω = 1/2,f). These cross sections are in good agreement with those calculated with CCSD(T) and accordingly in good agreement with the most recent initial and final state resolved experimental data. The UHFBR-XDM scheme yields high-quality potential surfaces with computational cost comparable to the Hartree-Fock method and our results may serve as a benchmark for application of this scheme to collisions between larger molecules.
The rupture of viscoelastic shell bubble under high intensity ultrasound drive
Authors: Shao Weihang , Chen Weizhong
Published: January 2015

A model for encapsulated bubble (EB) used in ultrasonic therapy is presented discussing EB's finite amplitude oscillation and rupture under high intensity ultrasound drive. The shell of EB, which is the key to EB dynamics, is treated as a layer of viscoelastic material and its large deformation and stress are expressed analytically. By introducing the critical tolerable stress of the shell material, the threshold drive pressure for the rupture of an EB can be calculated in the framework of the model. The oscillation of an EB on the verge of its rupture is simulated and the results are in agreement with the reported experimental data. The relationship between the drive frequency and EB's rupture is also investigated.
Extraordinary reflection and transmission with direction dependent wavelength selectivity based on parity-time-symmetric multilayers
Authors: Ding Shulin , Wang Guo Ping
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we present a kind of periodical ternary parity-time (PT) -symmetric multilayers to realize nearly 100% reflectance and transmittance simultaneously when light is incident from a certain direction. This extraordinary reflection and transmission is original from unidirectional Bragg reflection of PT-symmetric systems as the symmetry spontaneous breaking happens at PT thresholds. The extra energy involved in reflection and transmission lights is obtained from pumping light to the gain regions of the structure. Moreover, we find that our PT-symmetric structure shows direction dependent wavelength selectivity. When the illumination light is incident from two opposite directions into the multilayer structure, such extraordinary reflection and transmission appear at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, respectively. Such distinguishing properties may provide these structures with attractive applications as beam splitters, laser mirrors, narrow band filters, and multiband PT-symmetric optical devices.
Note: A stand on the basis of atomic force microscope to study substrates for imaging optics
Authors: Chkhalo N. I. , Salashchenko N. N. , Zorina M. V.
Published: January 2015

A description of a stand based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) for roughness measurements of large optical components with arbitrary surfaces is given. The sample under study is mounted on a uniaxial goniometer which allows the sample to be tilted in the range of ±30°. The inclination enables the local normal along the axis of the probe to be established at any point of the surface under study. A comparison of the results of the measurement of noise and roughness of a flat quartz sample, in the range of spatial frequencies 0.025–70 μm−1, obtained from “standard” AFM and developed versions is given. Within the experimental error, the measurement results were equivalent. Examples of applications of the stand for the study of substrates for X-ray optics are presented.
Gallium nitride nanowires and microwires with exceptional length grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition via titanium film
Authors: Rozhavskaya M. M. , Lundin W. V. , Lundina E. Yu. , Davydov V. Yu. , Troshkov S. I. , Vasilyev A. A. , Brunkov P. N. , Baklanov A. V. , Tsatsulnikov A. F. , Dubrovskii V. G.
Published: January 2015

We present a new approach for synthesis of GaN nanowires and microwires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition via a thin titanium film evaporated onto sapphire substrate prior to growth. Titanium etches a two-dimensional GaN layer deposited at the initial stage and GaN nanowires subsequently emerge at the boundaries of the etched grains. These wires grow at an exceptional elongation rate of 18 μm/min and extend radially at a rate of 0.14 μm/min. The GaN layer between the wires grows at a rate of 0.1 μm/min. High material quality of these structures is confirmed by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. We investigate the initial nucleation stage, the time evolution of the wire length and diameter, the length and diameter distributions and speculate about a mechanism that yields the observed growth behavior.
Measurement and analysis of wind turbine blade mechanical load
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Bo Lin , Wang Li , Peng Yongjing
Published: January 2015

The dynamical load measurement and fatigue estimation for Wind Turbine (WT) blade are quite challenging tasks due to the fact that real time varying wind induced loading is irregular and stochastic, and the associated load history affects the blade fatigue life in complex ways. The paper introduces a cost effective system combining mechanical load measurement and fatigue estimation for WT blade. In the developed system, the strain gauges and some inherent sensors equipped in WT are used to capture the blade load related datasets. Data acquisition, data validation and correction, load spectrum analysis, and blade fatigue lifetime estimation are integrated into a whole software. The blade load spectrum at each wind speed bin and the equivalent load spectrum are provided by means of rainflow cycle counting. The blade fatigue-lifetime is estimated via the long-term wind speed prediction, the Miner's linear superposition principle, and the linearized Goodman diagram derived from the fatigue data. The field experimental results verified that the developed system is clear and convenient to operate with no compromising on reliability and provides cost effective measurement programs to deliver accurate blade load information.
Fourier transform-based design of a patterned piezoelectric energy harvester integrated with an elastoacoustic mirror
Authors: Carrara M. , Kulpe J. A. , Leadenham S. , Leamy M. J. , Erturk A.
Published: January 2015

We explore efficient transformation of structure-borne propagating waves into low-power electricity using patterned polymer piezoelectrics integrated with an elastoacoustic mirror configuration. Fourier transform-based spatial optimization of a piezoelectric energy harvester domain weakly coupled to a thin plate housing a continuous elliptical elastoacoustic mirror is presented. Computational modeling and experimental testing are employed to quantify performance enhancement in power generation using the presented approach. Excellent agreement is observed between numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Specifically, dramatic enhancement of the harvested power output is reported by patterning the electrodes of a rectangular polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric energy harvester in the elliptical mirror domain.
Temporal resolution criterion for correctly simulating relativistic electron motion in a high-intensity laser field
Authors: Arefiev Alexey V. , Cochran Ginevra E. , Schumacher Douglass W. , Robinson Alexander P. L. , Chen Guangye
Published: January 2015

Particle-in-cell codes are now standard tools for studying ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions. Motivated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in sub-critical plasmas, we examine temporal resolution requirements that must be satisfied to accurately calculate electron dynamics in strong laser fields. Using the motion of a single electron in a perfect plane electromagnetic wave as a test problem, we show surprising deterioration of the numerical accuracy with increasing wave amplitude a0 for a given time-step. We go on to show analytically that the time-step must be significantly less than λ/ca0 to achieve good accuracy. We thus propose adaptive electron sub-cycling as an efficient remedy.
Microstructure dependence of heat sink constructed by carbon nanotubes for chip cooling
Authors: Huang Zhenlong , Gao Min , Pan TaiSong , Zhang Yin , Zeng Bo , Liang Weizheng , Liao Feiyi , Lin Yuan
Published: January 2015

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with aligned growth orientation and sponge CNTs which consist of flocculent carbon fibers with tiny CNTs on their surface were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. Heat sinks based on CNT arrays or sponge CNTs were made to investigate their heat dissipation performance. It is found that their microstructures have strong impacts on the thermal performance by changing the coefficient of air convection. The long CNT arrays have good heat dissipation performance even under natural convection for its aligned structure and large contacting area with the air, while the sponge CNTs show larger improvement in heat dissipation ability under airflow due to their porous structure. The results give a good reference for developing low-cost, light-weight, and high-performance CNT-based heat sinks for chip cooling under different working conditions.
Oxidized crystalline (3 × 1)-O surface phases of InAs and InSb studied by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Tuominen M. , Lång J. , Dahl J. , Kuzmin M. , Yasir M. , Mäkelä J. , Osiecki J. R. , Schulte K. , Punkkinen M. P. J. , Laukkanen P. , Kokko K.
Published: January 2015

The pre-oxidized crystalline (3×1)-O structure of InAs(100) has been recently found to significantly improve insulator/InAs junctions for devices, but the atomic structure and formation of this useful oxide layer are not well understood. We report high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of (3×1)-O on InAs(100) and InSb(100). The findings reveal that the atomic structure of (3×1)-O consists of In atoms with unexpected negative (between −0.64 and −0.47 eV) and only moderate positive (In2O type) core-level shifts; highly oxidized group-V sites; and four different oxygen sites. These fingerprint shifts are compared to those of previously studied oxides of III-V to elucidate oxidation processes.
Enhancement of magnetism by structural phase transition in MoS2
Authors: Yan Shiming , Qiao Wen , He Xueming , Guo Xiaobing , Xi Li , Zhong Wei , Du Youwei
Published: January 2015

The magnetic properties of 2H phase of MoS2 (2H-MoS2) and 1T phase of MoS2 (1T-MoS2) were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Lithium (Li) intercalation method was used to prepare single-layer MoS2 sheets. It was found that pristine MoS2 (2H-MoS2) exhibited weak diamagnetism. After exfoliating by Li intercalation, the crystal structure transformed from 2H to 1T phase, and the magnetism was significantly enhanced from diamagnetism to paramagnetism accordingly. With further annealing in argon atmosphere, the 2H phase recovered gradually from 1T phase, and the magnetism decreased correspondingly. Using crystal field theory and combining the results of first principle calculation, we conclude that the enhanced magnetism can be attributed to the Mo atoms of 1T-MoS2.
Refluxed electrons direct laser acceleration in ultrahigh laser and relativistic critical density plasma interaction
Authors: Wang J. , Zhao Z. Q. , Zhu B. , Zhang Z. M. , Cao L. H. , Zhou W. M. , Gu Y. Q.
Published: January 2015

Refluxed electrons direct laser acceleration is proposed so as to generate a high-charge energetic electron beam. When a laser pulse is incident on a relativistic critical density target, the rising edge of the pulse heats the target and the sheath fields on the both sides of the target reflux some electrons inside the expanding target. These electrons can be trapped and accelerated due to the self-transparency and the negative longitudinal electrostatic field in the expanding target. Some of the electrons can be accelerated to energies exceeding the ponderomotive limit 1/2a02mc2. Effective temperature significantly above the ponderomotive scaling is observed. Furthermore, due to the limited expanding length, the laser propagating instabilities are suppressed in the interaction. Thus, high collimated beams with tens of μC charge can be generated.
Genetic influence on the reduction in bovine embryo lipid content by L-carnitine
Authors: Baldoceda Luis , Gagné Dominic , Ferreira Christina Ramires , Robert Claude
Published: January 2015

The decreased rate of pregnancy obtained in cattle using frozen in vitro embryos compared with in vivo embryos has been associated with over-accumulation of intracellular lipid, which causes cell damage during cryopreservation. It is believed that the higher lipid content of blastomeres of bovine embryos produced in vitro results in darker-coloured cytoplasm, which could be a consequence of impaired mitochondrial function. In this study, l-carnitine was used as a treatment to reduce embryonic lipid content by increasing metabolism in cultured bovine embryos. We have observed previously that in vivo embryos of different dairy breeds collected from cows housed and fed under the same conditions differed in lipid content and metabolism. As such, breed effects between Holstein and Jersey were also examined in terms of general appearance, lipid composition, mitochondrial activity and gene expression. Adding l-carnitine to the embryo culture medium reduced the lipid content in both breeds due to increased mitochondrial activity. The response to l-carnitine was weaker in Jersey than in Holstein embryos. Our results thus show that genetics influence the response of bovine embryos to stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
Multiaddressable molecular rectangles with reversible host–guest interactions: Modulation of pH-controlled guest release and capture
Authors: Chan Alan Kwun-Wa , Lam Wai Han , Tanaka Yuya , Wong Keith Man-Chung , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: January 2015

Significance

There has been considerable interest in the construction of stimuli-responsive metallosupramolecular architectures because of their versatile structural and bonding properties, imparting them with the capability to exhibit specific functions. Despite a variety of metal–organic architectures reported, those involving noncovalent metal–metal interactions and luminescence changes that depend on the nature of the guests are rather underexplored. Herein, a series of alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine molecular rectangles has been shown to exhibit reversible capture and release of anticancer therapeutic guests under different pH conditions with instant and drastic color and luminescence responses. The fundamental understanding of these host–guest interactions has led to the development of a unique proof-of-principle multiaddressable model system that illustrates the capability of reversible guest capture and release processes for therapeutic delivery.
Importance of Resident and Seasonally Transient Prey to Largemouth Bass in the St. Johns River, Florida
Authors: Trippel Nicholas A. , Allen Micheal S. , McBride Richard S.
Published: January 2015

We examined seasonal dynamics of prey availability and diets of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in the St. Johns River, Florida. The four most common prey species were Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense, Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The number of prey found in Largemouth Bass varied significantly by month (year‐round) and predator size (“small,” <356 mm TL, n = 267; “medium,” 356–432 mm TL, n = 205; “large,” >432 mm TL, n = 114). Atlantic Menhaden were most energetically beneficial to predators when available. Of the four most common prey species collected in trawls, only menhaden trawl catch was positively correlated with its appearance in bass diets. Menhaden were eaten by bass of all sizes, but were found only from September through November. Largemouth Bass did not feed heavily on juvenile anadromous shads Alosa spp. during their autumn migration, but this likely reflected low abundance of these clupeid species. The seasonal diversity of prey available in the St. Johns River may contribute to its being one of the most productive Largemouth Bass fisheries in Florida.

Received June 23, 2014; accepted October 22, 2014
Genetic Population Structure of Willamette River Steelhead and the Influence of Introduced Stocks
Authors: Van Doornik Donald M. , Hess Maureen A. , Johnson Marc A. , Teel David J. , Friesen Thomas A. , Myers James M.
Published: January 2015

Conservation genetics studies are frequently conducted on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. to delineate their population structure and to quantify their genetic diversity, especially for populations that have experienced declines in abundance and are subject to anthropogenic activities. One such group of salmonids is steelhead O. mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) from the Willamette River, a tributary of the Columbia River. Within the Willamette River there are multiple steelhead life history and run‐timing types, some of which originated from nonnative populations. Late winter‐run steelhead and Rainbow Trout are native to the Willamette River, whereas early winter‐run and summer‐run steelhead have been introduced into the system via releases from artificial propagation efforts. We conducted genetic analyses of Willamette River steelhead to determine the effect that nonnative steelhead released into the Willamette River basin have had on the genetic population structure of native steelhead. We found genetic differentiation among the samples that separated steelhead into four population groups that corresponded to run type. Possibly due to local adaptation, the native run type has retained its genetic distinctiveness from the introduced types, despite there being opportunities for gene flow among all types. Introduced early winter‐run steelhead appear to be the origin of steelhead inhabiting certain Willamette River tributaries where native steelhead did not historically spawn.

Received July 23, 2014; accepted October 23, 2014
Distance to normal elements in 𝐶*-algebras of real rank zero
Authors: Kachkovskiy Ilya , Safarov Yuri
Published: January 2015

We obtain an order sharp estimate for the distance from a given bounded operator

A
A

on a Hilbert space to the set of normal operators in terms of

‖
[
A
,

A
∗

]
‖

\|[A,A^*]\|

and the distance to the set of invertible operators. A slightly modified estimate holds in a general

C
∗

C^*

-algebra of real rank zero.
Inactivation of GSK3β and activation of NF-κB pathway via Axl represents an important mediator of tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Paccez Juliano D. , Duncan Kristal , Vava Akhona , Correa Ricardo G. , Libermann Towia A. , Parker M. Iqbal , Zerbini Luiz F.
Published: January 2015

Deregulation of Axl in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with potential therapeutic implications is described for the first time. This paper also sheds light on the understanding of how Axl regulates OSCC development in vitro and in vivo. Axl expression leads to an Akt-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity and the nucluear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
GPCR-mediated PLCβγ/PKCβ/PKD signaling pathway regulates the cofilin phosphatase slingshot 2 in neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Xu Xuehua , Gera Nidhi , Li Hongyan , Yun Michelle , Zhang Liyong , Wang Youhong , Wang Q. Jane , Jin Tian
Published: January 2015

A novel signaling pathway consisting of Gai, PLC, PKCβ, PKD, SSH2, and cofilin is crucial for GPCR-mediated chemotaxis in neutrophils. This pathway regulates depolymerization of the actin network that drives the directional migration of neutrophils.
Mechanical coupling between transsynaptic N-cadherin adhesions and actin flow stabilizes dendritic spines
Authors: Chazeau Anaël , Garcia Mikael , Czöndör Katalin , Perrais David , Tessier Béatrice , Giannone Grégory , Thoumine Olivier
Published: January 2015

A combination of quantitative live imaging of fluorescently tagged actin, N-cadherin, and myosin in primary neurons and computer modeling of actin dynamics shows that a clutch-like mechanism connecting N-cadherin–based transsynaptic adhesions and the actin/myosin network drives the stabilization of dendritic filopodia into spines.
Up-regulation of BMP2/4 signaling increases both osteoblast-specific marker expression and bone marrow adipogenesis inGja1Jrt/+ stromal cell cultures
Authors: Zappitelli Tanya , Chen Frieda , Aubin Jane E.
Published: January 2015

Up-regulation of BMP2/4 signaling in trabecular bone and/or stromal cells increases osteoblast-specific marker expression in hyperactive Gja1Jrt/+ osteoblasts and may also increase bone marrow adipogenesis by up-regulation of Pparg2 in the Cx43-deficient Gja1Jrt/+ mouse model.
Arp2/3 complex inhibition radically alters lamellipodial actin architecture, suspended cell shape, and the cell spreading process
Authors: Henson John H. , Yeterian Mesrob , Weeks Richard M. , Medrano Angela E. , Brown Briana L. , Geist Heather L. , Pais Mollyann D. , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Shuster Charles B.
Published: January 2015

The consequences of drug-based Arp2/3 inhibition in sea urchin coelomocytes include dramatic changes in lamellipodial architecture, a lamellipodial-to-filopodial shape change in suspended cells, and a novel actin structural organization in spreading cells. The generation of actin arcs induced by Arp2/3 inhibition is arrested by formin inhibition.
The Monuments Men
Authors: Borghi Luca
Published: January 2015

AbstractAbstract

A 2014 American-German war movie directed by and starring George Clooney (Actor, Screenwriter, Film Director, and Producer; Los Angeles, California and Laglio, Italy) (1961-current) popularized the work of a special United States Army unit devoted to the rescue of art treasures stolen or hidden by the Nazis during World War II. A similar story occurred in Paris to a curious little monument closely linked to the history of Anesthesia. This happened about 70 years ago, in December 1944.

The history of medicine had its Monuments Men. In 1940s occupied Paris, unknown people saved a curious little monument closely linked to the history of Anesthesia.
A toolkit enabling efficient, scalable and reproducible gene tagging in trypanosomatids
Authors: Dean Samuel , Sunter Jack , Wheeler Richard J. , Hodkinson Ian , Gluenz Eva , Gull Keith
Published: January 2015

One of the first steps in understanding a protein's function is to determine its localization; however, the methods for localizing proteins in some systems have not kept pace with the developments in other fields, creating a bottleneck in the analysis of the large datasets that are generated in the post-genomic era. To address this, we developed tools for tagging proteins in trypanosomatids. We made a plasmid that, when coupled with long primer PCR, can be used to produce transgenes at their endogenous loci encoding proteins tagged at either terminus or within the protein coding sequence. This system can also be used to generate deletion mutants to investigate the function of different protein domains. We show that the length of homology required for successful integration precluded long primer PCR tagging in
Leishmania mexicana
. Hence, we developed plasmids and a fusion PCR approach to create gene tagging amplicons with sufficiently long homologous regions for targeted integration, suitable for use in trypanosomatids with less efficient homologous recombination than
Trypanosoma brucei
. Importantly, we have automated the primer design, developed universal PCR conditions and optimized the workflow to make this system reliable, efficient and scalable such that whole genome tagging is now an achievable goal.
The influence of purchase-related risk perceptions on relationship commitment
Authors: Munnukka Juha , Järvi Pentti
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Perceived risk is an intrinsic element of all organizational decision making and business relationships. It is closely interconnected with relationship commitment and strongly affects the buying decisions. Therefore, the organizations that best understand the risks perceived by their customers and hold the means that allow the customers to accommodate these risks, possess a significant competitive edge. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research surveys 165 companies on purchase-related risk perceptions and tests the effects of three risk dimensions on relations commitment, and the effectiveness of procedural control on managing these risks. Moderation effect of buying situation is also tested. Structural equation modelling is used to test the conceptual model on data from Finnish companies.

Findings

– The participants in organizational buying experience three types of risks, product performance, personal psychological, and personal financial risks. Higher product performance and personal financial risks are found to decrease the customer’s commitment to the supplier, whilst higher psychological risks have a positive effect on relationship commitment. Procedural control is confirmed as an effective application in managing risks in organizational buying process. Buying situation significantly affects the model.

Originality/value

– The present study shows that purchase-related risk perception is a multidimensional construct which consist of both organizational and individual-level aspects. The authors also provide new insights into the effectiveness of procedural control on mitigating organizational risk perceptions in different buying situations.
Importance ratings of grocery store attributes
Authors: Nilsson Elin , Gärling Tommy , Marell Agneta , Nordvall Anna-Carin
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive set of grocery store attributes that can be standardized and used in empirical research aiming at increasing retailers’ understanding of determinants of grocery store choice, and assessing how the relative importance of the attributes is affected by consumer socio-demographic characteristics and shopping behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

– An internet survey of 1,575 Swedish consumers was conducted. A large set of attributes was rated by the participants on seven-point scales with respect to their importance for choice of grocery store. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in a reduced set of reliably measured aggregated attributes. This set included the attractiveness attributes price level, supply range, supply quality, service quality, storescape quality, facilities for childcare, and closeness to other stores, and the accessibility attributes easy access by car, easy access by other travel modes, and availability (closeness to store and opening hours).

Findings

– The results showed that accessibility by car is the most important grocery store attribute, storescape quality and availability the next most important and facilities for childcare the least important. It was also found that socio-demographic factors and shopping behaviour have an impact on the importance of the store attributes.

Originality/value

– A comprehensive set of attractiveness and accessibility attributes of grocery stores that can be standardized and used in empirical research is established. The results are valid for the Swedish-European conditions that differ from the conditions in North America where most previous research has been conducted. The results reveal the relative importance grocery-shopping consumers place on controllable attractiveness attributes compared to uncontrollable accessibility attributes as well as the relative importance of the attributes within each category.
Skills and knowledge needs assessment of current and future library professionals in the state of Qatar
Authors: Johnston Nicole , Williams Rupert
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and document the skills and knowledge needs of future library professionals in Qatar and to use the outcomes of this research to help develop or refine focused library and information studies course curricula that meet the needs of the local workforce and also guide or improve national or local professional development programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

– A skills and knowledge needs assessment survey was sent to library professionals, LIS students and library managers in Qatar. A total of 109 respondents completed the survey, a representation of around 25 per cent of the current LIS workforce in Qatar.

Findings

– Findings indicated that respondents felt that the most needed future job roles included more client focused positions such as research librarians, information services librarians and subject librarians, as well as technical roles such as Arabic cataloguers, electronic resources librarians and system librarians. The largest amount of needed positions was also felt to be in school libraries. Respondents to the survey also felt that there was a lack of opportunities for professional development in Qatar and that the most needed area of skills training was information literacy, followed by copyright training and technical skills including RDA and Arabic cataloguing. One further finding identified from the survey was the concern felt by respondents about the lack of a professional body in Qatar that represented LIS professionals.

Practical implications

– This paper provides data on future roles, skills and knowledge needed by library professionals working in international and culturally diverse workforces. It also provides findings that can be used to develop LIS curriculum and professional development programmes in international LIS environments.

Originality/value

– A detailed needs assessment of this kind has not previously been undertaken in Qatar. The library and information sector in Qatar is an emerging field with a largely international workforce. This situation provides a distinct perspective on the needs of an emerging library sector that is a blend of different cultures, workplace practices and differing expectations and understandings of the role and skills needed to be a LIS professional.