bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of phase flicker in digitally driven phase-only LCOS devices on holographic reconstructed images
Authors: Tong Yuan , Pivnenko Mike , Chu Daping
Published: October 2021

Phase flicker can degrade the performance of holographic applications at the device and application levels. On the device side, the meaningful phase modulation resolution is proved to be limited by the overlapping between adjacent phase levels caused by flicker. Here, the tolerance of the overlapping for different modulation levels is provided. The frame rate of the device is also constrained by the phase flicker. The balance between low flicker and fast LC response for fast frame rate is quantitatively analyzed. On the application side, the effects of real phase flicker on the performance of blazed gratings and image holograms are investigated using the temporal phase flicker profiles measured from a phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device; they are shown to be comparable with that introduced by quantization level and amplitude noise, respectively.
Brain virtual histology with X-ray phase-contrast tomography Part II: 3D morphologies of amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: Chourrout Matthieu , Roux Margaux , Boisvert Carlie , Gislard Coralie , Legland David , Arganda-Carreras Ignacio , Olivier Cécile , Peyrin Françoise , Boutin Hervé , Rama Nicolas , Baron Thierry , Meyronet David , Brun Emmanuel , Rositi Hugo , Wiart Marlène , Chauveau Fabien
Published: October 2021

While numerous transgenic mouse strains have been produced to model the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain, efficient methods for whole-brain 3D analysis of Aβ deposits have to be validated and standardized. Moreover, routine immunohistochemistry performed on brain slices precludes any shape analysis of Aβ plaques, or require complex procedures for serial acquisition and reconstruction. The present study shows how in-line (propagation-based) X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) combined with ethanol-induced brain sample dehydration enables hippocampus-wide detection and morphometric analysis of Aβ plaques. Performed in three distinct Alzheimer mouse strains, the proposed workflow identified differences in signal intensity and 3D shape parameters: 3xTg displayed a different type of Aβ plaques, with a larger volume and area, greater elongation, flatness and mean breadth, and more intense average signal than J20 and APP/PS1. As a label-free non-destructive technique, XPCT can be combined with standard immunohistochemistry. XPCT virtual histology could thus become instrumental in quantifying the 3D spreading and the morphological impact of seeding when studying prion-like properties of Aβ aggregates in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. This is Part II of a series of two articles reporting the value of in-line XPCT for virtual histology of the brain; Part I shows how in-line XPCT enables 3D myelin mapping in the whole rodent brain and in human autopsy brain tissue.
Single-shot wavelength-multiplexing for off-axis digital holography with a spectral filter
Authors: Deng Dingnan , Qu Weijuan , Tang Qijian , He Wenqi , Liu Xiaoli
Published: October 2021

We present a single-shot wavelength-multiplexing technique for off-axis digital holography based on a spectral filter. Only a spectral filter is inserted between beam splitter and mirror in reflection off-axis digital holography (RODH). The spectral filter can transmit a well-defined wavelength band of light, while reject other unwanted radiation. By adjusting the filter and mirror separately, the propagation orientation of different reference beams of two wavelengths can be separated, and thus two off- axis holograms with different fringe directions are simultaneously captured by a monochrome camera. The wavefront interference analysis of using a spectral filter is discussed in detail. Our scheme is available for real-time wavelength-multiplexing but requires fewer optical elements and system modifications. Numerical simulation and experiment results of different types of spectral filters demonstrate the validity of proposed method.
Bandwidth superposition of linearly chirped microwave waveforms based on a Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Li Guozheng , Hao Tengfei , Li Wei , Li Ming
Published: October 2021

Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) are promising for radar, communication and electronic countermeasure systems. Among them, frequency-scanning OEOs with wide instantaneous bandwidth are needed for many advanced applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel system to generate bandwidth-doubled linearly chirped microwave waveforms (LCMWs) based on bandwidth superposition using a Fourier domain mode-locked OEO (FDML OEO). In the proposed system, bandwidth-doubling is achieved by re-modulating the generated LCMW of the FDML OEO onto a frequency-scanning optical carrier signal with the help of an external Mach-Zehnder modulator. LCMWs with wide frequency scanning instantaneous bandwidth of 10 GHz are experimentally obtained. Meanwhile, these LCMWs are tunable in an ultra-wide frequency range from 1 to 39 GHz. Moreover, they are with high frequency sweep linearity of 0.5%. Our work presents a simple method to generate tunable wide-band LCMWs for potential microwave sources.
Polarization-independent parametric time magnifier based on four-wave mixing
Authors: Wang Sheng , Dong Xin , Li Bowen , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: October 2021

A time magnifier based on space-time duality has demonstrated comprehensive applications owing to its promising temporal resolution. However, conventional parametric time magnifiers are inherently polarization-sensitive; their output intensity depends not only on the intensity but also the polarization of signal under test (SUT). Therefore, they are mainly applied to SUT with fixed polarization. On the other hand, many complex optical signals exhibit simultaneous intensity and polarization dynamics. In this Letter, a polarization-independent (PI) time magnifier at 485-fs temporal resolution is first demonstrated, which provides accurate intensity information even for polarization-related signals. The PI time magnifier de-convolves intensity and polarization information. It, therefore, paves the way for in-depth analysis of various complex ultrafast phenomena involving simultaneous intensity and polarization dynamics such as rogue waves and vector solitons.
Unscrambling OAM mode using digital phase-shifting in the Stokes fluctuations correlation
Authors: Sarkar Tushar , Parvin Reajmina , Brundavanam Maruthi M. , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, non-interferometric and highly stable technique to unscramble the incident orbital angular momentum (OAM) state and quantitatively measure the phase structure from the non-imaged random light. A new theoretical basis is developed and also verified by numerical simulation and experimental demonstration. We also quantitatively investigate the OAM modes of the incident light using orthogonal projection.
Ten simple rules for switching from face-to-face to remote conference: An opportunity to estimate the reduction in GHG emissions
Authors: Guignon Valentin , Breton Catherine , Mariette Jérôme , Sabot François , Fumey Julien , Lefort Vincent , Fiston-Lavier Anna-Sophie
Published: October 2021

In 2020, the world faced the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that drastically altered people’s lives. Since then, many countries have been forced to suspend public gatherings, leading to many conference cancellations, postponements, or reorganizations. Switching from a face-to-face to a remote conference became inevitable and the ultimate solution to sustain scientific exchanges at the national and the international levels. The same year, as a committee, we were in charge of organizing the major French annual conference that covers all computational biology areas: The “Journées Ouvertes en Biologie, Informatique et Mathématiques” (JOBIM). Despite the health crisis, we succeeded in changing the conference format from face to face to remote in a very short amount of time. Here, we propose 10 simple rules based on this experience to modify a conference format in an optimized and cost-effective way. In addition to the suggested rules, we decided to emphasize an unexpected benefit of this situation: a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to travel for scientific conference attendance. We believe that even once the SARS-CoV-2 crisis is over, we collectively will have an opportunity to think about the way we approach such scientific events over the longer term.
Transparency, health equity, and strategies in state-based protocols for remdesivir allocation and use
Authors: Kiptanui Zippora , Ghosh Sanchari , Ali Sabeen , Desai Karishma , Harris Ilene
Published: October 2021

Background

The Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of remdesivir for coronavirus disease 2019 raised questions on transparency of applied strategy, and how to equitably allocate and prioritize eligible patients given limited supply of the medication. The absence of federal oversight highlighted the critical role by states in health policymaking during a pandemic.

Objective

To identify public state-based protocols for remdesivir allocation and clinical guidance for prioritizing remdesivir use and assess approaches and inclusion of language promoting equitable access or mitigating health disparities.

Methods

We identified remdesivir allocation strategies and clinical use guidelines for all 50 states in the U.S. and the District of Columbia accessible on state health department websites or via internet searches. Public protocols dated between May 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020 were included in the study. We reviewed strategies for allocation and clinical use, including whether protocols contained explicit language on equitable access to remdesivir or mitigating health disparities.

Results

A total of 38 states had a remdesivir allocation strategy, with 33 states (87%) making these public. States used diverse allocation strategies, and only 10 (30%) of the 33 states included language on equitable allocation. A total of 30 states had remdesivir clinical use guidelines, where all were publicly accessible. All guidelines referenced recommendations by federal agencies but varied in their presentation format. Of the 30 states, 12 (40%) had guidelines that included language on equitable use. Neither an allocation strategy or clinical use guideline were identified (public or non-public) for 10 states and the District of Columbia during the study period.

Conclusions

The experience with the remdesivir EUA presents an opportunity for federal and state governments to develop transparent protocols promoting fair and equal access to treatments for future pandemics.
Moving towards a strategy to accelerate cervical cancer elimination in a high-burden city—Lessons learned from the Amazon city of Manaus, Brazil
Authors: Torres Kátia Luz , Rondon Heidy Halanna de Melo Farah , Martins Toni Ricardo , Martins Sandro , Ribeiro Ana , Raiol Taina , Marques Carla Pintas , Corrêa Flavia , Migowski Arn , Minuzzi-Souza Thais Tâmara Castro e , Schiffman Mark , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Gage Julia C.
Published: October 2021

The World Health Organization Call to Eliminate Cervical Cancer resonates in cities like Manaus, Brazil, where the burden is among the world’s highest. Manaus has offered free cytology-based screening since 1990 and HPV immunization since 2013, but the public system is constrained by many challenges and performance is not well-defined. We obtained cervical cancer prevention activities within Manaus public health records for 2019 to evaluate immunization and screening coverage, screening by region and neighborhood, and the annual Pink October screening campaign. We estimated that among girls and boys age 14–18, 85.9% and 64.9% had 1+ doses of HPV vaccine, higher than rates for age 9–13 (73.4% and 43.3%, respectively). Of the 90,209 cytology tests performed, 24.9% were outside the target age and the remaining 72,230 corresponded to 40.1% of the target population (one-third of women age 25–64). The East zone had highest screening coverage (49.1%), highest high-grade cytology rate (2.5%) and lowest estimated cancers (38.1/100,000) compared with the South zone (32.9%, 1.8% and 48.5/100,000, respectively). Largest neighborhoods had fewer per capita screening locations, resulting in lower coverage. During October, some clinics successfully achieved higher screening volumes and high-grade cytology rates (up to 15.4%). Although we found evidence of some follow-up within 10 months post-screening for 51/70 women (72.9%) with high-grade or worse cytology, only 18 had complete work-up confirmed. Manaus has successfully initiated HPV vaccination, forecasting substantial cervical cancer reductions by 2050. With concerted efforts during campaigns, some clinics improved screening coverage and reached high-risk women. Screening campaigns in community locations in high-risk neighborhoods using self-collected HPV testing can achieve widespread coverage. Simplifying triage and treatment with fewer visits closer to communities would greatly improve follow-up and program effectiveness. Achieving WHO Cervical Cancer Elimination goals in high-burden cities will require major reforms for screening and simpler follow-up and treatment.
Role of ADAMTS13, VWF and F8 genes in deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Pagliari Maria Teresa , Cairo Andrea , Boscarino Marco , Mancini Ilaria , Pappalardo Emanuela , Bucciarelli Paolo , Martinelli Ida , Rosendaal Frits R. , Peyvandi Flora
Published: October 2021

Background

We previously described the association between rare ADAMTS13 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Moreover, DVT patients with at least one rare ADAMTS13 SNV had a lower ADAMTS13 activity than non-carriers.

Aims

To confirm ADAMTS13 variants association with DVT and reduced plasma ADAMTS13 activity levels in a larger population. To investigate the role of VWF and F8 variants.

Methods

ADAMTS13, VWF and F8 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing in 594 Italian DVT patients and 571 controls. Genetic association testing was performed using logistic regression and gene-based tests. The association between rare ADAMTS13 variants and the respective plasmatic activity, available for 365 cases and 292 controls, was determined using linear regression. All analyses were age-, sex- adjusted.

Results

We identified 48 low-frequency/common and 272 rare variants. Nine low-frequency/common variants had a P<0.05, but a false discovery rate between 0.06 and 0.24. Of them, 7 were found in ADAMTS13 (rs28641026, rs28503257, rs685523, rs3124768, rs3118667, rs739469, rs3124767; all protective) and 2 in VWF (rs1800382 [risk], rs7962217 [protective]). Rare ADAMTS13 variants were significantly associated with DVT using the burden, variable threshold (VT) and UNIQ (P<0.05), but not with C-ALPHA, SKAT and SKAT-O tests. Rare VWF and F8 variants were not associated with DVT. Carriers of rare ADAMTS13 variants had lower ADAMTS13 activity than non-carriers (ß -6.2, 95%CI -11,-1.5). This association was stronger for DVT patients than controls (ß -7.5, 95%CI -13.5,-1.5 vs. ß -2.9, 95%CI -10.4,4.5).

Conclusions

ADAMTS13 and VWF low-frequency/common variants mainly showed a protective effect, although their association with DVT was not confirmed. DVT patients carrying a rare ADAMTS13 variants had slightly reduced ADAMTS13 activity levels, but a higher DVT risk. Rare VWF and FVIII variants were not associated with DVT suggesting that other mechanisms are responsible for the high VWF and FVIII levels measured in DVT patients.
Urbanismo contemporáneo de Zamora (1864-1973)
Authors: Frechilla Alonso M.ª Almudena
Published: October 2021

La crisis económica de los últimos años ha forzado un cambio de paradigma en el urbanismo que, a día de hoy, apuesta por la recuperación del espacio consolidado tras el abandono y la degradación que sufrió como consecuencia del modelo expansionista previo. En esta coyuntura, plantear acciones de futuro sobre el tejido existente requiere un conocimiento profundo de la ciudad sobre la que se pretende intervenir. En esta investigación abordamos el caso de Zamora pues presenta unas condiciones singularmente sensibles dentro de la comunidad de Castilla y León. La contemporaneidad supuso un punto de inflexión en el desarrollo de la capital -inerte desde la Baja Edad Media- y marca el inicio de este estudio que se prolonga hasta la crisis global de los años 70 del siglo XX. A lo largo de más de cien años, se evalúa la dinámica urbana de la localidad bajo una mirada holística que entrelaza las aportaciones procedentes de los diferentes campos que toman la ciudad como objeto de estudio. La revisión y ampliación del relato histórico acerca de la formación y consolidación del tejido urbano contemporáneo de la localidad, ha permitido reconocer el papel esencial desarrollado por ciertos elementos emergentes en la formación de su estructura fundamental, conformada hasta los albores de los años 30 del pasado siglo. De igual modo, a través del análisis del planeamiento -que a partir del ecuador de la centuria se instauró como principal mecanismo de intervención sobre la ciudad-, así como de las políticas desarrolladas en materia de urbanismo y vivienda, se ha trazado el modelo de ciudad presente en diferentes momentos de su evolución.
El tifus de los asilos. Gestión municipal y repercusiones sociales de una catástrofe higiénico-sanitaria en Madrid a principios del siglo XX
Authors: De Miguel Salanova Santiago
Published: October 2021

A comienzos del novecientos, y a diferencia de lo que ocurría en otras grandes ciudades europeas, Madrid era una urbe todavía asolada por graves problemas sanitarios que ocasionaban incrementos sistemáticos en sus tasas de mortalidad. A pesar de que desde mediados del siglo anterior existía una preocupación teórica cada vez más intensa con respecto a los embates epidémicos que golpeaban a sus contingentes poblacionales (sobre todo por parte de los médicos higienistas), éstos seguían emergiendo al compás de las deficientes actuaciones de las altas instancias estatales y municipales en materia de sanidad. El presente artículo aborda esta cuestión a partir de un caso de estudio específico: la primera epidemia de tifus exantemático acaecida en la capital española a finales de abril de 1903 y prolongada hasta 1905. A partir de una variada documentación de archivo (Libros de Filiación del Hospital Provincial, Libros de Defunciones y Estadísticas Demográficas del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, publicaciones especializadas de la época y prensa periódica), se analizarán las características de la lucha contra esta enfermedad durante su evolución y sus repercusiones sobre el plano social y residencial.
Cuerpo extraño en seno frontal. caso clínico
Authors: Dadá Mahomed Sidique Abdul Cadar , Dada Abdul Habib Mahomed
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El uso de baterías de tipo botón es común en la actualidad, utilizada en objetos cotidianos como relojes, audífonos y juguetes. Sus productos químicos conducen a lesiones graves. Caso clínico: Este artículo describe el caso de un niño de 10 años que arrojó una pila de batería al fuego con explosión y traumatismo por fragmentos en la cara y senos paranasales, que evolucionaron hacia osteomielitis. El niño se sometió a varios drenajes de absceso que finalmente condujeron a la detección de una sinusitis frontal de causa traumática, que fue operado y evolucionó bien. Conclusiones: La sinusitis frontal no es frecuente en los niños y, por lo tanto, es suponer que hay algún cuerpo extraño presente cada vez que hay antecedentes de trauma.
Tratamiento de la disfagia en la distrofia muscular oculofaríngea. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Cristina Isabel , Cazorla Ramos Óscar Emilio , Valle Olsen Sofía , Verge González Jesús , Pérez Arcos José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La disfagia es una de las principales preocupaciones en la distrofia muscular oculofaríngea (DMOF) puesto que puede resultar en complicaciones importantes como neumonía aspirativa, reducción de la calidad de vida e incremento en la mortalidad. El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar los distintos tratamientos disponibles en la actualidad para el tratamiento de la disfagia en la DMOF. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática consultando PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library y Scielo de artículos publicados en el periodo 1990-2020 seleccionando aquellos artículos en los cuales se trate la disfagia en la DMOF. Resultados: Se incluyeron 9 artículos, con un total de 164 pacientes con esta enfermedad en los que la miotomía quirúrgica del esfínter esofágico superior es el procedimiento más frecuentemente realizado, en 6 series con 117 pacientes, seguido de la dilatación endoscópica y la inyección de toxina botulínica. La mejoría total en las 9 series ronda el 77,3%, siendo de 84,66% si tenemos en cuenta únicamente las miotomías quirúrgicas. La incidencia de complicaciones es baja, no encontrando mortalidad asociada en ninguna de ellas. Discusión y conclusiones: El pronóstico de la DMOF viene condicionado por el grado y severidad de la disfagia, por lo que su tratamiento supone una medida prioritaria para estos pacientes. La miotomía del esfínter esofágico superior es el más efectivo y más utilizado de entre todas las posibilidades, con tasas de mejoría elevadas y un bajo índice de complicaciones.
Pérdida de audición tras gentamicina intratimpánica en la Enfermedad de Ménière. Estudio retrospectivo
Authors: Villaoslada Fuentes Cristina , Fernández-Nava María José , Ferreira Cendón Sofía , Villaoslada Fuentes Rosana , Sánchez Gómez Hortensia , Batuecas Caletrío Ángel
Published: October 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La enfermedad de Ménière (EM) se caracteriza por crisis de vértigo recurrentes acompañadas de acúfenos, pérdida de audición y sensacio?n de plenitud o?tica. Dentro de las opciones terapéuticas se hablará, entre otras, de inyección de gentamicina intratimpánica (ITG). El objetivo es evaluar la pérdida de audición tras la ITG en pacientes con EM. Método: Se estudiaron 33 pacientes con EM definitiva a los cuales se les administró ITG. Se valoró la pérdida de audición al mes de la ITG, a los 6, 12 y 24 meses. Resultados: De los 33 pacientes analizados, el 78,8% presentaban EM unilateral; el 21,2%, bilateral. El 48,5% fueron mujeres; el 51,5%, hombres. El 39,4% ya habían sido tratados con betahistina y corticoides. 9 pacientes presentaron crisis de Tumarkin antes de la ITG. Se comparó el PTA (Pure Tone Average) previo a la administración de ITG con el obtenido a los 2 años y la audición disminuyó de 57,50 dB a 62,58 dB. 9 pacientes precisaron una segunda tanda de ITG, con una pérdida de audición desde 66,72 dB a 68,96 dB. Y tras esto, 3 pacientes necesitaron una tercera tanda, pasando la audición de 63,75dB a 72,50 dB. Conclusiones: La utilización de ITG en la EM y provoca una caída del PTA de alrededor de 5 dB a expensas de una mejoría en la frecuencia e intensidad de las crisis de vértigo.
Spórafelszíni fehérjéket kódoló gének jellemzése Mucor circinelloides-ben
Authors: Szebenyi Csilla
Published: October 2021

A Mucorales rend fajai által okozott gombás fertőzéseket mucormikózisnak nevezzük. Ez a ritka, humán megbetegedés leggyakrabban olyan betegeknél fordul elő, akik immunszuppresszív kezelés alatt állnak vagy vérképzőszervi rosszindulatú daganat szövődményeként immunhiányos állapotban szenvednek. A mucormikózis etiológiai ágenseként leggyakrabban azonosított fajok a Rhizopus, Lichtheimia és Mucor nemzetségekhez tartoznak. A gombás fertőzésekre fogékony populáció növekedése miatt a mucormikózisos esetek száma is növekvő tendenciát mutat. A kezelés sikeressége nagymértékben függ a korai diagnózistól és a megfelelően megválasztott gombaellenes terápiától, valamint a háttérben meghúzódó, immunrendszert gyengítő állapot kezelésétől. Legtöbbször azonban már a diagnózis felállítása is kihívást jelentő feladat. A Mucorales rend tagjai rezisztenciát mutatnak a rutinszerűen alkalmazott gombaellenes szerek többségével szemben (pl. echinokandinok és azolok). A fent említett tények mindegyike sürgetővé teszi az azonosítást lehetővé tevő molekuláris módszerek fejlesztését, valamint új gombaellenes célpontok keresését. Ehhez elengedhetetlen a mucormikózis patomechanizmusának tisztázása, a gazda-patogén interakciók feltárása, valamint a potenciális virulencia faktorok és biomarkerek azonosítása. E célok eléréséhez szükségszerű egy olyan molekuláris és genetikai manipulációs módszer járomspórás gombákra történő adaptációjára, mely segítségével rutinszerűen állíthatók elő a génfunkciók vizsgálatára alkalmas mutáns törzsek. A legfrissebb kutatások rámutattak a CotH fehérje család fontosságára a járomspórás Rhizopus delemar patogenitása kapcsán. Jelen munka elsősorban e géncsalád átfogó elemzésére, mint például a virulenciában betöltött szerepének tisztázására összpontosult. A Mucor genomban azonosított feltételezett spórafelszíni fehérjéknek azonban csak egy része mutatott homológiát azokkal a Rhizopus fehérjékkel, melyek kapcsolatban állnak a gomba patogenitásával. A CotH fehérjék funkcionális elemzése során nyomon követtük a CRISPR-Cas9 rendszer által létrehozott genetikailag stabil mutánsok fenotípusos változásait, hogy megválaszolhassuk azt a kérdést, hogy a CotH fehérjék milyen szerepet játszanak a Mucor circinelloides gomba patogenezisében, illetve egyéb fiziológiai folyamataiban.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUTURE CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN OROMIA SPECIAL ZONE, NORTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Mohammed Yimer , Bimrew Gashaw , Nigatu Lisanwork
Published: October 2021

This study was undertaken in Oromia special zone of nort eastern Ethiopia to analyze future climate variability. Downscale future rainfall and temperature data from ensemble of three GCMs by RCP4.5 emission scenario using a web based software tool (Marksim GCM). Standard statistical descriptors and statistical software like Instat V3.37, MAKESENS, XLSTAT 2014 and Arc GIS 10.1 were employed for the analysis data.
Teorizações e Vontades
Authors: Telles Jardel , Candido Jorge Goulart de , Loguércio Rochele de Quadros
Published: October 2021

A purificação da ciência e a assepsia do currículo, de conteúdos e de metodologias tradicionais não nos permite perceber um olhar diferente e mais amplo para os aspectos de aprendizagem e ensino dos processos da cientificidade e nem da construção do conhecimento científico. Como localizar a ciência na rede complexa de construção do conhecimento e qual a relação e aproximação que se pode fazer desses conhecimentos com os estudos da arte? É possível olhar a ciência através dos óculos das Artes Híbridas? É possível (re)construir o conhecimento posto, curricularmente, de outra maneira? É possível pensar este currículo como um campo de disputas, no qual os caminhos da ciência têm sido purificados em busca de uma assepsia idealizada? Esses e outros questionamentos compuseram nossa pesquisa com alunos do curso de licenciatura em química, no qual percebemos, por parte desses universitários, a invisibilidade e a desarticulação da ciência em alguns cenários sociais (híbridos), através de uma oficina e de grupo focal.
Play-based learning and phenomenon-based learning in the Finnish Early Childhood Education
Authors: Ferreira Juliene Madureira
Published: October 2021

Since 2005, with the impact of the results of international educational assessments, Finland and its educational system has been the focus of interest for educators around the world and different aspects of the system's functioning and structure have been explored. This text presents two of the key elements in early childhood education and care, learning based on play and learning based on the phenomenon; and how these pedagogical approaches structure practices that support students' learning, and are articulated with the subsequent educational process. Going beyond the mere description of pedagogical practices and not repeat what other researchers have already narrated about the Finnish educational system, the developmental aspects of these practices and how they are articulated with the extensive training of teachers is evident throughout this text.
Ensino de língua e o multilinguismo, multiculturalismo/interculturalismo: a necessidade de uma nova postura pedagógica
Authors: Basso Marques Maria José Basso Marques , Girardo Botelho Borges Flávia
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor algumas reflexões teóricas para o papel docente diante de um alunado multilíngue e multicultural/intercultural bem como um breve relato pedagógico refletindo sobre a necessidade de mudança na postura pedagógica frente às produções híbridas, produzidas pelos alunos, que são resultados da sociedade contemporânea. Sendo assim, o estudo dialoga com autores como (LEFFA; IRALA, 2014), (BAUMAN, 2005), (CANCLINI, 1997, 2000), CAZDEN, C.; COPE, B.; FAIRCLOUGH, N.; GEE (1996), HALL (2006), ROJO (2012, 2013), entre outros, os quais discutem o contexto plural dessa sociedade globalizada e a necessidade de uma pedagogia crítica acompanhada de letramentos múltiplos. As considerações apresentadas revelaram que pensar o multilinguismo e a interculturalidade, pautados na diversidade de linguagem em diferentes gêneros, desenvolvem mecanismos para ofertar um ensino de qualidade emergindo assim uma nova pedagogia. Espera-se que as reflexões aqui contempladas, possam contribuir para os espaços de educação, tanto na recepção quanto na reprodução, no que tange ao aperfeiçoamento de práticas pedagógicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento do multiletramento, letramento crítico e da autoria.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de língua.  Multilinguismo.
cidade como fonte histórica
Authors: Barbosa Pires Maria de Fátima
Published: October 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar resultados de pesquisa acadêmica em nível de mestrado profissional com vistas a divulgar procedimentos práticos, contudo, teoricamente situados para implementação da Lei nº 11.645 de 2008, cujo foco é a valorização das identidades, especificamente, indígenas e afrodescendentes. A metodologia adotada foi uma leitura da cidade como fonte histórica em contatos com outras realidades, isto é, locais, nacional e global. Nuna perspectiva do encontro entre as culturas, o ensino da temática indígena e afro-brasileira foi abordado considerando-se outras referências culturais, a fim de superar visões compartimentalizadas a respeito de diálogos interculturais no passado e no presente. Autores do campo dos estudos culturais, sobretudo da interculturalidade, do currículo e do Ensino de História embasaram a pesquisa. Portanto, a abordagem é relacional porque considera as diferentes culturas em diversas temporalidades e espaços.
Adjunctive therapy for acute musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Golovacheva A. A.
Published: October 2021

Acute musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is one of the leading complaints at patients' admission. Acute MSP is usually localized in the lower back, neck, shoulder girdles, and shins. With an increase in the number of obese and hypodynamic people, the prevalence of MSP increases, especially lower back pain. Treatment of acute MSP in the back consists of informing the patient about a favorable prognosis of the disease, recommendations to maintain daily activity, primary and additional pharmacotherapy. Primary or main pharmacotherapy of acute MSP in the back includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Adjunctive therapy is usually used in combination with NSAIDs and is aimed to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the duration of NSAIDs use. As an additional therapy, muscle relaxants or B vitamins can be prescribed. The efficacy and safety of combination therapy of NSAIDs and high-dose complexes of B vitamins have been demonstrated in clinical trials involving patients with acute back pain.
Evaluation and treatment of peripheral nervous system dysfunction in patients with prediabetes
Authors: Zinovyeva O. E. , Ostroumova T. M. , Koniashova M. V. , Gorbachev N. A.
Published: October 2021

The worldwide prevalence of prediabetes is steadily increasing, with up to a third of patients already showing signs of diabetic neuropathy (DN). Prediabetes includes impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or a combination of both.

Recent diagnostic criteria of prediabetes according to Russian, European, and American clinical guidelines are presented. The review covers the most common forms of DN in patients with prediabetes (distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy, painful DN, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy) and their prevalence. Recommended methods of DN screening are discussed: diagnostic scales, sensory testing, nerve conduction study, autonomic testing, corneal confocal microscopy. The results of studies evaluating instrumental methods for diagnosing peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction in prediabetes are discussed. Management tactics in patients with prediabetes and PNS dysfunction should include non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Combining a low-calorie diet and regular physical activity can delay the development of diabetes mellitus and reduce the severity of neuropathic pain. In patients with painful DN, the first-line therapy includes pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine. Since there is no current data on the effect of hypoglycemic therapy on the risks of development and/or progression of DN in patients with prediabetes, antioxidants are considered pathogenetic therapy. Alpha-lipoic acid (Berlition®) in the management of patients with prediabetes is discussed.
Anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Azimov A. T. , Rakhimbaeva G. S. , Azimov F. Z.
Published: October 2021

During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, there is increasing evidence of neurological complications associated with COVID-19. There is no doubt that stroke can be a major complication in patients with severe disease course.

Objective: to determine the safest and most effective anticoagulant for stroke prevention in patients with severe COVID-19.

Patients and methods. A prospective study enrolled 520 patients with severe COVID-19. We used the following criteria for severe COVID-19: SpO2 <92% on room air at sea level, PaO2 /FiO2 <300 mm Hg, respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, lung infiltrates >50% on computed tomography. The study included 509 patients, divided into three groups depending on the type of anticoagulant therapy: patients of the 1st group received 24–36 thousand IU of heparin, patients of the 2nd group – enoxaparin at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day, patients of the 3rd group – rivaroxaban at a dose of 20 mg/day. The duration of anticoagulant administration depended on the severity of the patient's condition, dynamics of laboratory parameters (D-dimer, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count), and varied from 2 to 6 weeks. In addition, we studied the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and transient ischemic attacks during a 6-week follow-up period. The article also presents a clinical case of large artery thrombosis in a young patient with severe COVID-19 without stroke risk factors.

Results and discussion. Even against the background of active primary prevention, stroke incidence was 2.6% (0.6% for ischemic stroke, 1.4% for venous stroke, and 0.6% for hemorrhagic stroke). The highest stroke incidence was observed in the group of patients receiving heparin. In contrast, the prevention of thrombotic complications in patients receiving low-molecular-weight anticoagulants or rivaroxaban showed the best results with minimal morbidity and mortality in severe COVID-19.

Conclusion. Stroke can be a complication of COVID-19, and preventive anticoagulant therapy using low-molecular-weight heparin or a factor X inhibitor effectively prevents this complication.
Impact of mental disorders on COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Petrova N. N. , Pashkovskiy V. E. , Sivashova M. S. , Gvozdetsky A. N. , Prokopovich G. A.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to analyze clinical and follow-up indicators in patients with mental disorders and COVID-19 and to identify on their basis predictors of poor outcomes associated with mental state.

Patients and methods. We conducted a prospective study in a multidisciplinary hospital. The severity of coronavirus infection was determined according to the temporary guidelines. Data collection was carried out using a patient chart consisting of 109 variables. Predictors of poor outcomes were determined using predictive models (logit regression, Cox model). The study included 97 patients: 41 men (42.3%) and 56 (57.7%) women, mean age – 62.3±15.3 years. 26 patients died; 71 patients recovered.

Results and discussion. The death occurred on 11.5 day. The mental state of these patients was severe, with a predominance of delirium cases. With increasing age, the probability of non-lethal outcome decreases [hazard ratio (HR) 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.06; p=0.037]. The risk of death increased by 1.03 (p=0.037) for each year of life. An improvement in the mental state of patients during psychotropic therapy is associated with an 11.11-fold decrease in the risk of poor outcome of coronavirus infection (HR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.76; p=0.027). Delirium is a predictor of low patient survival, especially in prolonged hospitalizations (HR 4.55; 95% CI 1.66–12.48; p=0.003). The severity of coronavirus infection makes the greatest contribution to the poor outcome: the risk of death increases by 33.17 times (CR 33.17; 95% CI 4.01–274.65; p<0.001). The severity of the mental disorder had a greater impact on the risk of death compared with age, increasing it by 4.55 times (p=0.003).

Conclusion. We found significant differences between the groups of deceased and surviving patients with COVID-19 concerning the variables related to certain mental disorders, their severity and dynamics, and the severity of coronavirus infection. In addition, the age of the patients had a significant impact on the prognosis of COVID-19. The results reflect the special prognostic significance of delirium in the structure of mental disorders developing in patients with coronavirus infection.
Modern approaches to the treatment of fibromyalgia
Authors: Nasonova T. I. , Mukhametzyanova A. Kh. , Tabeyeva G. R. , Chernousov P. A.
Published: October 2021

Fibromyalgia (FM) occurs in 5–12% of patients but is relatively rarely diagnosed, so most patients do not receive adequate treatment. The review analyses pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of FM treatment. Data suggests that antidepressants (duloxetine, milnacipran, amitriptyline) and antiepileptics (pregabalin, gabapentin) are most effective. Among non-pharmacological methods, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness therapy, kinesiotherapy, and biofeedback has been shown. In the management of patients with FM, a combination of non-pharmacological methods and medications can reduce pain and improve the quality of life.
Methods to detect and measure scour around bridge foundations
Authors: Al-jubouri Muhanad , Ray Richard
Published: October 2021

Bridges are indispensable structures vital to the operation of road and rail transportation networks. Crossing rivers and artificial waterways, however, presents a risk to their foundations due to scour actions. Scour is the number one cause for bridge failures and may occur beneath any bridge, large or small, with supports located within the waterway. This paper provides a summary of present scour detection and measurement equipment and associated assessment methodologies. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on structural health monitoring better to evaluate the presence and influence of potential scour. A Sensitivity Analysis on a newly introduced monitoring system is also assumed. Furthermore, much research has been undertaken to create a technology that can instantly identify and detect bridge scour, improving survey reliability through prior inspection and prompt intervention. This research will explore and evaluate bridge scour detection methods employed and suggest a possible path for developing the detection system to identify scour depth effectively and efficiently. Finally, our key aim is to minimize human effort in identifying and bridge scour by using a quick, easy-to-use, cost-effective process, resulting in fewer injuries and economic savings.
TYPY PRZEBIEGU PENTADOWYCH WSPÓŁCZYNN IKÓW STANU WODY JEZIOR NIŻU POLSKIEGO
Authors: Plewa Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research is to determine the types of course of the coefficients of water stages on pentads on the hydrological year. The research distinguishes five main types and seven subtypes of pentad coefficients of the water stages of lakes in Poland in the average annual cycle. For the analysis, the daily values of water levels of 75 lakes located in the Polish Lowlands in years 1976-2015 were used. The data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. For each lake, the coefficient of water stages, for all 73 pentads of the hydrological year, was calculated. Pentadic values of water stage coefficients were the basis for hierarchical grouping of the lakes using Ward’s method. On the basis of dendrogram analysis, 5 main groups of lakes with a different coefficient of water storage in the annual cycle were distinguished – so-called types of the course of pentad coefficient of water stages. The types distinguished differ in the beginning, end and duration of high and low water stages, as well as the variability of the coefficient of water stage in pentads of the hydrological year. Type 1 – with a small range of W coefficient parameter changes throughout the year is characteristic of coastal lakes, in type 2 lakes, high water stages are observed in the summer-autumn period, low stages in spring. In the remaining types, high water stages are usually observed in spring and low in the summer-autumn period.
OBIEKTY KRENOLOGICZNE W D OLNEJ CZĘŚCI DORZECZA WISŁY (PO ZLEWNIĘ DRWĘCY)
Authors: Choiński Adam , Ptak Mariusz
Published: October 2021

On the basis of hydrographic maps in the scale 1:50,000, an inventory of crenological objects in the lower part of the Vistula basin up to the Drwęca river basin in the south was made. The total number of theseobjects in the analyzed area is 308, with the highest number of solid sources – 161, followed by leakages – 125 and periodic sources – 17. The total efficiency of all outflows is very low, as it was estimated at 0.075 m3∙s–1. The most efficient source reaches only 1.0 dm3∙s–1, and only a few 0.7 dm3∙s–1.
SOURCES OF SPATIAL INFORMATION ABOUT NOISE AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIS) IN POZNAŃ
Authors: Kubiak Jarosław
Published: October 2021

Noise is subject to compulsory mapping. Access to environmental acoustical data should be available to the public user. These tasks result directly from the provisions of the Environmental Protection Law Act – EPL Act. The method of their implementation is presented using the example of the Poznań Spatial Information System. Available data sources are indicated, mainly in relation to cartographic visualisation of the presented contents.
PLAN PLESZEWA Z XIX WIEKU – WIZUALIZACJA TEMATYCZNA
Authors: Lorek Dariusz
Published: October 2021

In the early 19th century, cartographic studies typically satisfied military or administrative needs. The idea behind drawing a map of Pleszew in 1806 was to show the condition of the city following a great fire. The plan distinguishes between the burnt down areas and ones saved from the fire. While the legend is small, including few explanations and the markings on the sheet are moderately distributed, the analyzed city map is a valuable resource of information which can be presented in the form of thematic visualizations. The article presents studies into the information provided by the map of Pleszew in terms of the scope of content and its spatial distribution; a method of arrangement thereof has also been proposed. The decision to attribute specific objects to separate layers has offered an opportunity of selecting the content according to various criteria and presenting it in the form of thematic visualizations.
ANALIZA WYBRANYCH ZANIECZYSZCZEŃ POWIETRZA W 2018 R. NA TERENIE BIELSKA-BIAŁEJ
Authors: GÓRA DARIUSZ
Published: October 2021

Chemical composition of polluted atmospheric air has a negative impact on human health as well as animals, water and soil. In effect it causes respiratory system disease, blood system disease and cancers. Children and elderly people are among the most endangered as their immune system is weak. It is estimated that every year in Poland 45000 people die as a result of polluted air. On a global scale the number rises to 7 million people. The aim of this elaboration is to present the concentration of chemical elements and particles, such as: suspended dust PM10 and PM2.5, nitro dioxide sulphur and benzo(a)pyrene, and to prove their negative impact on the human body. The article includes data from the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Katowice, Delegature in Bielsko-Biała. The next stage was to prepare appropriate graphs that show the concentrations of elements and chemical compounds in the air in individual months in 2018. The conducted analysis showed that the average annual PM2.5 dust concentration was 36 μg/m3, PM10 suspended dust 37 μg/m3, benzo(a)pyrene 4.47 ng/m3 and nitrogen oxides 62 μg/m3. In order to improve the sanitary state of the atmospheric air in the city of Bielsko-Biała and other areas with a high degree of urbanization, first of all reduce the sources of low emissions, i.e. emission of harmful dusts and gases from low emitters, which include chimneys, e.g from single-family houses or townhouses. Literature data show that exposure of people to particulate matter, benzo (a) pyrene and nitric oxides is mainly associated with an increased risk of heartbeat, bronchopulmonary and lung cancer and asthma.
Krenologia obszarów młodoglacjalnych na przykładzie Pojezierza Lubuskiego – przegląd badań
Authors: SZCZUCIŃSKA ANNA , MARCINIAK MAREK , PŁOCIENNICZAK JACEK
Published: October 2021

The Polish Lowland is an area with rare and relatively poorly studied springs. The present paper review results of recent studies on springs, their hydrology and environments on Lubuskie Lakeland (5.200 km2) in western part of the Polish Lowland. This area contains over 1,000 springs and seepages outflowing from porous sediments. Most of them are related to thick Pleistocene sediments containing several groundwater bearing layers, which are cut by deep subglacial channels (tunnel valleys). The spring density index is the highest in catchment of the Gryżynka River, with up to 4.8 individual springs and seepages per 1 km2. The most common in the Lubuskie Lakeland are seepages (65%), descending and hillslope outflows. Their water discharge varies from < 0.001 to 50 000 dm3/s. Hydrochemistry of spring waters is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions, as well as high concentrations of iron and manganese. Due to the lack of a surface insulation layer, contaminants (various forms of nitrogen) easily migrate to groundwater. Generally, the spring waters have good quality. Moreover continuous observations of the water surface levels in spring supplied water bodies revealed daily fluctuations, which are likely due to evapotranspiration and changes of the filtration coefficient in hyporheic zone.