bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's not just a phase: shaping the future of 3D photoprinted polymers with polymerization‐induced phase separation
Authors: Johnson Rebecca M , Smaldone Ronald A
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing is a technology that promises to disrupt the conventional manufacturing industry due to its ability to create complex structures with improved macroscopic control not available with existing techniques like molding or milling. In addition to superior macroscopic structural control, photoprinting methods such as digital light projection can enable molecular‐scale control over the fabrication process by taking advantage of the self‐sorting or assembly properties of the monomers themselves. Polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) allows for the remarkable introduction of microscopic control into additive manufacturing, using polymer‐rich and polymer‐poor regions that rely on incompatibilities to phase separate during polymerization creating new complex materials not achieved by traditional methods. With the incorporation of porogens or filler materials, microporosity and/or surface functionalization can be introduced in a facile one‐step printing process. This expands the potential applications of 3D printed materials, to include micro‐ and macroscale structural control. Using PIPS as a design strategy, polymeric materials with previously unprecedented capabilities can be produced with ease enabling 3D printing to grow into its full potential as a manufacturing tool. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale score elevation in caregivers of infants with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gillespie Michelle L. , Jayaram Swati , Eisner Mariah , Sliemers Stephanie , Pasley Kimberly , McCoy Karen , Krivchenia Katelyn
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) can impact the mental health of caregivers. This study aimed to explore prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms in caregivers of infants with CF or CFTR‐related metabolic syndrome (CRMS).

Methods

This prospective, observational study was conducted in a CF clinic at a tertiary hospital over 4 years. Caregivers of infants with CF/CRMS completed serial surveys over the first year of life. Surveys included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and the General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7). A control group of healthy infant caregivers was used for comparative analysis of EPDS scores.

Results

Analyses were conducted on 55 caregivers of 42 infants with CF/CRMS and 915 caregivers of healthy infants. Caregivers of infants with CF/CRMS had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated EPDS scores and higher mean EPDS scores for visit 1 (age 1–2mo) and visit 3 (age 6–9mo) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both). There was a higher prevalence of caregivers identifying thoughts of self‐harm in the CF/CRMS cohort (8.3%) compared to caregivers of healthy controls (1.2%) at visit 1 (p = 0.015) and at visit 3 (CF/CRMS 8.8%; control 1.7%; p = 0.030). EPDS scores correlated with PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scores, particularly earlier in the infant's life.

Conclusions

Caregivers of infants with CF/CRMS may be at higher risk of PPD and thoughts of self‐harm when compared to healthy controls. Given what is known about the impact of PPD on mental and physical health of children, early identification is vital for this population.
Novel CYCLIN‐O pathogenic variants in a patient presenting with bronchiectasis secondary to reduced generation of multiple motile cilia
Authors: Yap Kim Hoong , Lim Albert Yick Hou , Thomas Biju , Bonnard Carine , Szenker‐Ravi Emmanuelle , Chong Yan Ling , Roy Sudipto , Reversade Bruno
Published: October 2024

Reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC) represents a rare variant of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), associated with CYCLIN‐O (CCNO) mutations. We report a novel compound mutation in the CCNO gene in an adult Chinese Singaporean exhibiting chronic productive cough since childhood and recurrent sino‐pulmonary infections. Low nasal nitric oxide and bronchiectasis suggests PCD. Bronchoscopy for epithelial and nasal brushings for ciliary studies were repeated after adequate treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Demonstration of oligo‐cilia via transmission electron microscopy, and detection of CCNO mutation through genetic analysis were utilized to diagnose RGMC. Repeated courses of antibiotics including nebulised antibiotics were used to treat recurrent infections and exacerbations. Airway clearance techniques, immunizations and collaboration with otorhinolaryngologist form part of the long‐term management. Heightened clinical suspicion and adherence to established diagnostic algorithms are essential for timely recognition of this entity.
Studying the Implementation of Equity Projects in Science Education in Divisive Political Contexts
Authors: Tran Trang C. , Penuel William R. , Singleton Corinne , Bell Philip , Leonhart Sarah
Published: October 2024

The implementation of equity‐oriented reforms is never simply a technical matter: it involves directly engaging with the norms and politics responsible for reproducing inequitable opportunities and outcomes, and with efforts to promote educational justice. To date, there has been little research on how leaders in science education navigate the political environments of schooling to engage in equity work in their local contexts. The current political divisions within and among states regarding teaching about racial equity provide an important and timely context for such study. This study examines equity projects that science education leaders engage in and how these relate to recently passed legislation in several states regarding teaching about race and its ongoing role in shaping American society and institutions. It relies on survey data from science education leaders in 33 states, focusing on their familiarity with and involvement in different kinds of equity projects in science education, along with their perceptions of what supports and what hinders their equity‐focused work. Employing a mixed methods approach, including descriptive analysis, hierarchical linear modeling, and thematic analysis, we found that engagement in equity projects varied widely across and within states. However, in states with laws promoting equity, leaders were engaged in more racial equity‐related projects than in states with legislation that restrict discussion of matters of race, so‐called “gag orders”. These findings underscore the significance of the broader political environments in shaping science education leadership and present opportunities for researchers in the field to support leaders in navigating them.
Estimands and Cumulative Incidence Function Regression in Clinical Trials: Some New Results on Interpretability and Robustness
Authors: Bühler Alexandra , Cook Richard J. , Lawless Jerald F.
Published: October 2024

Regression analyses based on transformations of cumulative incidence functions are often adopted when modeling and testing for treatment effects in clinical trial settings involving competing and semi‐competing risks. Common frameworks include the Fine–Gray model and models based on direct binomial regression. Using large sample theory we derive the limiting values of treatment effect estimators based on such models when the data are generated according to multiplicative intensity‐based models, and show that the estimand is sensitive to several process features. The rejection rates of hypothesis tests based on cumulative incidence function regression models are also examined for null hypotheses of different types, based on which a robustness property is established. In such settings supportive secondary analyses of treatment effects are essential to ensure a full understanding of the nature of treatment effects. An application to a palliative study of individuals with breast cancer metastatic to bone is provided for illustration.
Designing 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives for Targeted Inhibition of Proteolytic and Coagulant Activities in Bothrops Jararaca and Bothrops neuwiedi Snake Venoms
Authors: Ornellas Brenda Bairral Queiroz , de Oliveira Eduardo Coriolano , Junior Luiz Carlos Simas Pereira , Sanchez Eladio Flores , Costa Dora Cristina Silva , Portella Danielle Pagliaminuto , da Silva Fernando de Carvalho , Gonzaga Daniel Tadeu Gomes , Fuly André Lopes , Ferreira Vitor Francisco
Published: October 2024

Snakebites inflict significant injuries on humans and animals, posing a severe global public health challenge due to high mortality and morbidity rates. This study presents results against the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops neuwiedi using sixteen synthetic hybrid molecules containing thiophene and triazoles, designated as 6a–h and 7a–h. The compounds were assessed for their ability to inhibit proteolytic and plasma coagulant activities induced by the snake venoms, and their toxicity was analyzed. Most derivatives demonstrated nontoxicity through in silico analysis with the Osiris Property Explorer tool and in vitro cytotoxic hemocompatibility on red blood cells. Notably, only derivative 6e exhibited toxicity to erythrocytes, while 6b, 6d, 7c, and 7f displayed mutagenic, tumorigenic, or adverse effects on the reproductive system. Derivatives 6a, 6c–h, 7c–e, 7g, or 7h effectively inhibited the coagulating activity of B. jararaca venom, while 6a–b, 6d–e, 6h, or 7a–f inhibited coagulation induced by B. neuwiedi venom. All derivatives demonstrated inhibition of the proteolytic activity caused by B. jararaca venom, and derivatives 6a–d and 7e–f inhibited the activity of B. neuwiedi venom. Consequently, these derivatives exhibited varying degrees of efficacy in countering two crucial toxic effects of B. jararaca or B. neuwiedi venoms, suggesting their potential as antivenoms against both species.
Co‐Pyrolytic Recycling of Bakelite and Polymethyl Methacrylate: Kinetic, Synergistic, and Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Mohan Mahapatra Pabitra , Kumar Panda Achyut
Published: October 2024

Bakelite, a thermosetting plastic, has limited feasibility for thermal recycling processes such as pyrolysis, unlike thermoplastics, due to its inherent tendency to get charred upon heating and difficulty in being converted into valuable fuel and chemical compounds. In this study, the co‐pyrolysis of bakelite and poly methyl methacrylate is explored to improve the thermal degradation and thus recycling feasibility of bakelite by pyrolysis. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the co‐pyrolysis of blended samples are analyzed using different kinetics models. The thermal degradation experiments of the sample are conducted from ambient to 1000 °C at five various heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 °C/min in an inert N2 gas environment. The results showed that adding poly methyl methacrylate to bakelite changes the pyrolytic degradation temperature and weight loss trend. The kinetic analysis reveals that the thermal degradation at 220–345 °C follows an F2.5 order‐based model with an average activation energy of 181 kJ/mol, while the degradation at 345–475 °C follows an F2 order‐based model with an average activation energy of 318 kJ/mol. The enthalpy changes and free energy change associated with thermal degradation exhibit a positive trend while that of entropy change shows a negative trend. With blending the free energy change and entropy change decreased while enthalpy change increased. During batch pyrolysis at 450 °C, the PMMA‐Bakelite blend generates oil (49.17 %), wax (12.36 %), residue (15.36 %), and gas (23.11 %). According to FTIR and GC‐MS analyses, the pyrolytic oil produced by the co‐pyrolysis of the blended sample at 450 °C comprises 32.23 % saturated hydrocarbons (C9–40), 20.97 % unsaturated hydrocarbons (C6–24), and 46.80 % oxygenated material (C5–19). These findings can assist in the optimization of pyrolysis reactor design for the recycling of thermosetting plastics.
Probing Host‐Guest Inclusion Complex of DHP with β‐CD in Augmenting Bioavailability to Boost Biochemical Applications Optimized by Physicochemical and Molecular Docking
Authors: Hossain Ayesha , Bomzan Pranish , Roy Priyanka , Tudu Ajit , Mondal Modhusudan , Roy Niloy , Poddar Anindita , Haydar Salman , Dey Sangita , Kumar Anoop , Nath Roy Mahendra
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop the inclusion complex of 2, 4‐diamino‐6‐hydroxypyrimidine (DHP) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) using an inclusion process, and to investigate the effect of inclusion on the photo stability and bioactivity of DHP. The formation of DHP‐β‐CD inclusion complex has been examined by means of physicochemical as well as spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, FT‐IR, PXRD and SEM) suggesting the successful inclusion of the DHP molecule into the β‐CD cavity. The 1 : 1 stoichiometry of the inclusion complex was validated through Job's plot. β‐CD displayed a fairly strong affinity (Ka =889.67 M−1) for DHP, indicating that the binding process is thermodynamically feasible. A molecular docking study speculated the most preferred orientation of DHP molecule within the binding pocket of β‐CD cavity. The photostability of DHP was found to improve on complexation with β‐CD. In vitro antibacterial activity test demonstrated that the DHP‐β‐CD inclusion complex displayed better activity than pure DHP. DHP‐β‐CD inclusion complex (IC50 =240.04 μM) also exhibited relatively significant in vitro cytotoxic activity than pure DHP towards the human kidney cancer cell line (ACHN). These results reveals that the inclusion of DHP using β‐CD could lead to stabilization of DHP and efficient display of its bioactivity.
Syntheses, Structures, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Two Silver/Copper‐Based Coordination Compounds with 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Containing Ligand
Authors: Qu Xiaoni , Xi Qianjin , Zhang Jinxi , Gao Chen , Huang Junpeng
Published: October 2024

In this work, two silver/copper‐based coordination compounds {[Ag(tty)]⋅NO3}n (1) and {[Cu2Cl2(tty)2(H2O)2]⋅Cl⋅NO3 ⋅  (H2O)2}n (2) (tty=1,2,4,5‐tetra(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl))benzen), were synthesized using the different metal salts under the hydrothermal condition. Structural analyses show that compound 1 features tilted L‐shaped 1D Ag chains structure and compound 2 presents a 2D layer with free Cl−, NO3− and water molecules. The experimental results reveal that 1 displays considerably high thermal stability with the thermal decomposition temperature above 337 °C compared to compound 2, which further exemplifies that the framework structures may have a crucial effect on the resultant thermal stability. Additionally, the non‐isothermal kinetics parameters were evaluated at different heating rates by Kissinger's and Ozawa‐Doyle's methods. Importantly, the kinetic triplets (the apparent activation energy (Ea), the preexponential factor (logA) and the mechanism function (ƒ(α)) and the related thermodynamic parameters (the Gibbs energy of activation, ▵G≠, the enthalpy of activation, ▵H≠, and the entropy of activation, ▵S≠) of the thermal decomposition processes are discussed and calculated in detail.
A Sustainable Approach for Palladium and Phosphane‐Free Sonogashira Type Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Chloroquinoline with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Khalifa Zebabanu , Patel Amit B.
Published: October 2024

An efficient and cost‐effective Cu (I) mediated protocol for the C(sp2)–C(sp) cross‐coupling of 3‐chalcone‐2‐chloroquinoline with terminal alkynes has been disclosed by optimizing a wide range of catalysts, ligands, base, and solvents. This approach conveniently assembles various alkynylated hybrids with excellent to moderate yields. Appropriate functional group tolerance and significant mechanistic pathway with mild reaction conditions well‐justified this synthetic transformation more sustainable towards the greener exploration.
Process Intensification and Reaction Kinetics for Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural Using DICAT‐1 Solid Acid Catalyst in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Vasishta Ayush , Pawar Hitesh
Published: October 2024

5‐HMF is a potential platform multifaceted molecule for various industrial applications and can be produced from biomass‐based hexose sugars. In the present study, the indigenously prepared catalyst DICAT‐1 (an acronym derived from DBT‐ICT Center for Energy Biosciences Catalyst #1) has been explored for fructose dehydration, using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a green and low boiling point (LBP) organic solvent. The exploration of heterogeneous DICAT‐1 adds specific advantages for 5‐HMF synthesis in terms of high yield, conversion, selectivity, catalyst separation, recycle, reuse, and so forth. Different variants of DICAT‐1, such as DICAT‐1A, DICAT‐1B, DICAT‐1C, and DICAT‐1D, having variable surface acidity were tested for fructose dehydration in the presence of IPA. Of the tested variants, DICAT‐1C provides good yield and selectivity of 5‐HMF. Thus, further process optimization study was conducted to obtain maximum yield, conversion, and selectivity using DICAT‐1C. The intensified process provides maximum 78% yield of 5‐HMF with 83% fructose conversion and 94% selectivity. The catalyst recyclability study showed the consistency in 5‐HMF yield, conversion, and selectivity for five consecutive recycle runs. The study of reaction kinetics showed the first‐order kinetics with an activation energy of 13.16 kJ/mole by using DICAT‐1C catalyst. Thus, the use of easily recyclable and robust catalyst provides an efficient route for production of 5‐HMF in presence of green solvent.
One‐Pot Synthesis of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)]‐Based Diblock Copolymer and Solvent‐Assisted Multifaceted Capsules as Potential Cargo Payload for Nanomedicines
Authors: Pawar Chander Amgoth , Bura Raju , Luo David Xu , Mohan Murali , Rokkala Divya , Rani Rampilla Sudha , Bhagyalaxmi Gundeti , Mannam Krishna Veni , Krupanidhi Z T Anitha , Malavath Tirupathi
Published: October 2024

This study shows that the synthesis of di‐BCP between amino acid l‐glutamic acid (l‐GluA) and hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) leads to multifunctional and multifaceted capsule formation with different dispersion solvents. Successful synthesis of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR characterizations. For morphological studies, synthesized di‐BCP of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was dispersed in four different solvents such as acetone, DMSO, IPA, and ethanol and was used for sample preparation for SEM imaging. Interestingly, smooth‐surfaced NPs (defined as type I NPs), rough‐surfaced NPs (type II NPs), porous NPs (type III NPs), and football‐type deep excavation having NPs (defined as type IV NPs). Furthermore, these NPs were characterized through BET, AFM, and DLS for particle size and ζ potential of NPs. LC for types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 1.96% ± 0.01% and 1.92% ± 0.01%, respectively. EE of types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 91% ± 1.5% and 94% ± 1.2%. We used K562 (leukemia blood cancer) and HEK293 (embryonic kidney) cells for in vitro studies. DOX@[(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] nanoformulation related to types III and IV NPs shows significant early apoptosis that is, 29.17%, which is a remarkable programmed cell death for these porous nanoparticles.
Advanced Li–S Battery Configuration Featuring Sulfur‐Coated Separator and Interwoven rGO/CNT Fabric Current Collector
Authors: Chiu Kuan‐Cheng , Bhat Asif Latief , Yang Ching‐Kuan , Chung Sheng‐Heng , Tumilty Niall , Su Yu‐Sheng
Published: October 2024

The development of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) marks a crucial milestone in advancing energy storage solutions essential for sustainable energy transitions. With high theoretical specific capacity, cost‐effectiveness, and reduced ecological footprint, LSBs promise to enhance electric vehicle ranges, extend portable electronics' operational times, and stabilize grids integrated with renewable energy. However, challenges like complex processing, electrode instability, and poor cycling stability hinder their commercialization. This study introduces a novel battery design that addresses these issues by coating sulfur directly onto the separator instead of the current collector, demonstrating that active sulfur can be effectively utilized without being incorporated into the electrode structure. Using an interwoven substrate made from carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric adorned with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), this setup enhances manufacturing scalability, supports optimal sulfur utilization, and improves battery performance. The rGO decoration provides multiple highly conductive polysulfide trapping sites, enhancing active material reutilization, while the flexibility and mechanical strength of CNT fabric contribute to electrode integrity. This combination boosts electrical conductivity and polysulfide‐capturing capability, effectively managing migrating sulfur species during charge–discharge cycles and mitigating sulfur loss and polysulfide shuttling. The results demonstrate superior cycling stability and efficiency, highlighting the potential of this approach in advancing LSB technology.
Development of Stable and Intensified Mixing Processes for the Precise and Scalable Production of Uniform Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: Cao Meng , Zeng Yunfeng , Liu Xianglin , Liu Yue , Chen Cheng , Guo Lingxi , Zheng Haiping , Shen Haixia , Yao Yongzhong , Zhang Jing , Yu Ziyi
Published: October 2024

Nanocarriers show great promise in drug delivery but face challenges in stability, uniformity, and morphology control. This work introduces an enhanced mixing process to overcome these obstacles, specifically aiming to produce consistently sized poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with anti‐tumor drugs. By innovatively integrating a pulsation dampener into the microfluidic channels of a continuous flow preparation system, the flow stability of piston pumps is improved nearly tenfold. Consequently, large‐scale production of uniformly sized nanoparticles with customizable dimensions is achieved through nanoprecipitation. Furthermore, incorporating terminal double‐bond‐functionalized poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐maleimide (PLGA‐PEG‐Mal) enables these nanoparticles to act as nano‐crosslinkers. This facilitates in situ crosslinking with thiolated hyaluronic acid via a spontaneous thiol‐ene coupling reaction under physiological conditions, allowing for minimally invasive drug administration and significantly enhancing localized drug retention. The material's degradability in the presence of endogenous enzymes ensures controlled drug release, as demonstrated with the anti‐tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). Validation in a murine breast cancer model shows reduced toxicity and a substantial reduction in tumor weight compared to the free DOX group. These findings confirm the approach's effectiveness for breast cancer treatment and pave the way for innovative solutions in nanomedicine, providing a practical microfluidic mixing system for the design and large‐scale production of nanomedicines.
Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome: A Comparative Study of Castor Oil and Sesame Oil
Authors: Monton Chaowalit , Suksaeree Jirapornchai
Published: October 2024

Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe is a curcuminoid‐rich plant with potential applications in cosmetic products. This study aimed to optimize the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) conditions for C. zedoaria rhizomes using castor oil and sesame oil as solvents. A full factorial design was employed, investigating microwave power levels of 600 and 800 W, and microwave times of 30 and 90 s. The results showed that microwave time significantly affected extraction yield, and individual and total curcuminoid content while microwave power did not. The optimal conditions for maximizing extraction yield and total curcuminoid content were 600 W for 90 s with castor oil, and 600 W for 80 s with sesame oil. Stability testing revealed that curcuminoids were more stable in castor oil than in sesame oil when stored at 4°C, 30°C/75% relative humidity (RH), and 40°C/75% RH over 3 months. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MAE is an effective method for extracting curcuminoids from C. zedoaria, with castor oil showing superior preservation of curcuminoid content. These findings suggest that castor oil could be a preferable solvent for the extraction and stabilization of curcuminoids in C. zedoaria for cosmetic applications.
Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude
Authors: Reger Vitali , Mehrtens Peter , Kuhnhenne Markus , Döring Bernd , Blanke Tobias , Pfeiffer Felix , Hachul Helmut , Müller Bastian
Published: October 2024

Mit dem Forschungsgesamtprojekt „Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude“ werden neue Lösungen mit hohem Innovationscharakter und erheblichem Potenzial im Sinne der Energiewende entwickelt, untersucht und bewertet. Ziel ist die weitere Verbreitung und Anwendung des Werkstoffs Stahl im Gebäudebereich als Beitrag zur Energie‐ und Wärmewende und zur Steigerung der Nachhaltigkeit im Bauwesen. Um die umfangreiche Zielsetzung des Projekts zu strukturieren, wurde das Gesamtvorhaben in vier Teilprojekte gegliedert. In den ersten drei Teilprojekten werden zunächst unterschiedliche Themenfelder adressiert, die sich unter dem Hauptthema „Energieaktivierte Stahllösungen für klimapositive Gebäude“ einordnen. Diese Themen werden wissenschaftlich untersucht, optimiert und anhand realer Demonstratoren bewertet. Im vierten Teilprojekt werden die erarbeiteten Einzellösungen für die Energiegewinnung aus dem Erdreich und der Umgebung, der Optimierung der Gebäudehülle, technischen Lösungen zur Energiespeicherung sowie der Energieübergabe an den Raum in einem virtuellen Gebäudedemonstrator zusammengeführt. In dieser virtuellen Umgebung können die Komponenten zur Energiegewinnung (Geothermie, Solarthermie, Photovoltaik) in Kombination mit den Energieumwandlungs‐ und ‐übergabekomponenten getestet und bewertet werden. Am Ende des Projekts soll aufgezeigt werden, wie das Ziel eines klimapositiven Gebäudes durch den gezielten Einsatz von Stahllösungen erreicht werden kann.
Mattensteg – Instandsetzung und Verschiebung einer 150‐jährigen Fachwerkbrücke
Authors: Huber Marc , Reinhard Silja
Published: October 2024

Beim bestehenden Mattensteg – einer ca. 150‐jährigen genieteten Stahl‐Fachwerkbrücke – wurde bei den Zustandsaufnahmen 2005 festgestellt, dass die Brückenplatte aus Ortbeton in einem schadhaften Zustand ist. Aufgrund der Beurteilung und der bisherigen Nutzungsdauer wurde entschieden, die Brücke umfassend instand zu setzen. Im gleichen Zeitraum plante das AWEL (Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft des Kantons Zürich), das Platzspitzwehr zu erneuern. Der Zugang für Unterhaltsarbeiten am Wehr erfolgte in den vergangenen Jahren durch den Platzspitz, da der Mattensteg nicht mit schweren Fahrzeugen befahren werden kann. Dies ist jedoch für den Park mit seinen geschützten Platanen unbefriedigend. Für die Bauarbeiten und für zukünftige Unterhaltsarbeiten wurde daher entschieden, am Standort des Mattenstegs eine neue Dienstbrücke zu erstellen. Da der bestehende Mattensteg jedoch im Inventar schützenswerter Bauten ist, soll die bestehende alte Fachwerkbrücke erhalten, ca. 80 m flussaufwärts verschoben und instand gesetzt werden. Die Verstärkungen wurden analog zur bestehenden Konstruktion genietet. Aufgrund des denkmalgeschützten Objekts wurden die neuen Widerlager in Anlehnung an den Originalzustand und mit Treppenstufen gestaltet. Der Steg ist dadurch nicht mehr für Fahrradfahrer, Rollstuhlfahrer oder Unterhaltsfahrzeuge zugänglich. Die Baukosten für den Verschub, den Bau der neuen Widerlager und Pfeiler sowie die Instandsetzung der Brücke betragen 2,5 Mio. Schweizer Franken.
Models2Code: Autonomous model‐based generation to expedite the engineering process
Authors: Paniagua Cristina , Caso Fernando Labra
Published: October 2024

Insufficient resources and high costs are hindering industrial development, potentially impeding adaptation to market demands. Overcoming this challenge necessitates advancements in software engineering techniques to streamline processes and meet industrial requirements. Crucially, automating manual tasks and enhancing interoperability between engineering stages can yield efficiency gains. This paper presents a model‐based system engineering approach aimed at automating the transition from design to implementation, incorporating autonomous generation and validation features. Implemented as plugins and utilizing model transformation techniques, this solution targets reducing engineering time and facilitating the adoption of new technologies. Developed, implemented, and tested within the Arrowhead framework, the approach is followed by a discussion on its benefits and limitations.
Precipitation and female experience are major determinants of the breeding performance of Canarian houbara bustards
Authors: Alonso Juan C. , Abril-Colón Inmaculada , Ucero Alberto , Palacín Carlos
Published: October 2024

Precipitation is one of the main triggers of reproduction in desert‐breeding birds. The unpredictability of rainfall patterns in arid environments has led species to adapt their breeding effort to episodes of abundant food after rainfall. The response is not the same for all individuals in a population, and may vary especially with the age and experience of each female. Here we investigate the effects of precipitation, temperature, body size and breeding experience, among other variables, on reproductive parameters of 20 females of Canarian houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae), an endangered desert bird endemic of the eastern Canary Islands. Precipitation and breeding experience were the main determinants of female breeding performance. Higher rainfall determined an increase in nesting rate, and earlier autumn rains caused an advancement of nesting to October, allowing the breeding season to be extended to eight months. This favoured an extraordinary increase in productivity in more rainy breeding seasons, with 15 times more females nesting in the two most rainy winters than in dry years. In addition, females with more breeding experience showed a higher tendency to breed, higher nest attempt and fledging success, and longer breeding season, which allowed them to rear more chicks. A female even double brooded successfully in the same season, which, considering that chicks remain with the mother for up to six months, indicates a great capacity to optimise reproductive investment, by adapting to highly variable rainfall regimes. In recent decades, the eastern Canary Islands have undergone a process of aridification, and climate models predict a medium‐term increase in the frequency and duration of drought periods. Thus, Canarian houbaras are particularly vulnerable to climate change, so measures are urgently needed to reduce their mortality and improve the quality of their habitat, in order to favour their reproduction and prevent their extinction.
Thermal transportation of radiative cathode nanotube‐based nanofluid on a stretching/shrinking wedge with varying magnetism and heat source
Authors: Pattnaik P. K. , Usman  , Panda Subhajit , Ghaffari Abuzar , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2024

The complex heat transfer processes occurring in a magnetized water‐based hybrid nanofluid flowing past a stretching or shrinking wedge are investigated in this work. The research highlights the significant influence of the wedge angle on fluid flow patterns and temperature gradients, emphasizing how larger angles cause changes in pressure, flow separation, and temperature profiles. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of radiation effects near surfaces, where increased radiation often leads to cooling due to thermal energy emission. The findings have implications in industries such as aerospace, electronics, thermal management, and groundwater resources management where precise temperature control is critical for safe and efficient operations. The numerical method applied to solve the governing equations in the study is the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta technique with shooting technique. This method efficiently solves the boundary value problem by converting it into a system of first‐order initial value problems. Then shooting technique is used to solve the system, starting with an adequate initial guess. The study's results are presented in tabular and graphical forms, providing valuable insights into the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, enabling more informed decision‐making and optimization in relevant engineering applications. Increased radiation frequently results in a cooling effect owing to thermal energy output. Heat sinks/heat sources are crucial in temperature regulation and are effective in lowering temperatures via processes. We also emphasize the importance of radiation impacts near surfaces, where increased radiation frequently leads to cooling owing to thermal energy emission. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number for various parameters in the cases of shrinking and stretching provide crucial insights into the heat transmission and frictional properties of the system under examination. These quantitative results contribute to a better understanding of the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, emphasizing the significance of the research findings.
Ambassador Animals Do Not Have a Clear Effect on Visitor Conservation Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Exotic Pets at a Zoo Exhibit
Authors: Kirsch Daniel G. , MacPherson Anna C. , Meyers Caterina N. , Bowser Sarah L. , Kross Sara M.
Published: October 2024

There is relatively little work examining visitor outcomes of ambassador animal programs, such as whether these programs are educationally effective or unintentionally promote exotic pet ownership. We designed a two‐way factorial experiment to test whether ambassador animals enhanced or detracted from the educational outcomes of a zoo exhibit. We surveyed 312 visitors at the Oakland Zoo at a static exhibit focused on the illegal wildlife trade. Participants were surveyed either before or after visiting the exhibit, with or without a trainer presenting either an ambassador ball python (Python regius) or yellow‐naped Amazon parrot (Amazona auropalliata). The survey assessed attitudes toward conservation, knowledge of conservation behavior, and the suitability of various species, including the ambassador species, as pets. We used an ANOVA to examine 299 complete surveys for differences between experimental groups' mean responses. There were no significant differences in conservation attitudes. Subjects demonstrated more knowledge of conservation behavior after leaving the exhibit, regardless of whether or not an animal was present. While the exhibit reduced favorable attitudes toward parrots as pets, ambassador animal presence neither positively nor negatively impacted on this effect. Participants who viewed a python were more likely to indicate that they viewed a python as a good pet. However, the sample expressed overall negative attitudes toward exotic pet ownership. This study suggests that ambassadors neither enhanced learning nor unintentionally promoted exotic pets. Further research is needed to understand the role of interpretive messaging when using ambassadors in an educational context.
Einbettung der Untersuchung
Authors: Staub Sabina
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Einbettung der Untersuchung. Da der Datenkorpus aus der Kindergartenstudie stammt, werden die darin untersuchten Fragestellungen genannt, Hinweisen zur Stichprobe gemacht und die Durchführung der videobasierten Unterrichtsbeobachtungen und der leitfadengestützten Interviews dargestellt. Das Verhältnis zwischen der Kindergartenstudie und der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird als Sekundäranalyse bezeichnet. Es werden daher die damit verbundenen Chancen und Grenzen diskutiert. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Darlegung der Forschungslogik der qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung sowie die Bestimmung von Gütekriterien. Das Kapitel schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung der Einbettung.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Staub Sabina
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Beschreibung des konkreten Vorgehens der Untersuchung entlang der dokumentarischen Methode zur Interpretation von videogestützten Unterrichtsbeobachtungen und leitfadengestützten Interviews. Dazu werden die einzelnen Arbeitsschritte sowohl für die dokumentarische Video- als auch für die Interviewinterpretation detailliert erläutert. In Bezug auf die Videointerpretation wird eine Erweiterung des methodischen Vorgehens zur Rekonstruktion von Anerkennungsverhältnissen dargelegt. Um die Vorgehensweise nachvollziehbar zu machen, werden konkrete Beispiele aus der Untersuchung herangezogen.
The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository in the AIRR Data Commons: a practical guide for access, use and contributions through the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium
Authors: Hanna Stephanie J. , Bonami Rachel H. , Corrie Brian , Westley Monica , Posgai Amanda L. , Luning Prak Eline T. , Breden Felix , Michels Aaron W. , Brusko Todd M. ,   Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium, Baschal Erin , Cerosaletti Karen , Corrie Lorissa , Gomez-Tourino Iria , Higdon Lauren , Kent Sally C. , Linsley Peter , Nakayama Maki , Neller Kira , Ruff William E. , Teyton Luc
Published: October 2024

Human molecular genetics has brought incredible insights into the variants that confer risk for the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The hallmark cell-mediated immune destruction that is characteristic of type 1 diabetes is closely linked with risk conferred by the HLA class II gene locus, in combination with a broad array of additional candidate genes influencing islet-resident beta cells within the pancreas, as well as function, phenotype and trafficking of immune cells to tissues. In addition to the well-studied germline SNP variants, there are critical contributions conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) genes that undergo somatic recombination to yield the Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) responsible for autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. We therefore created the T1D TCR/BCR Repository (The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository) to study these highly variable and dynamic gene rearrangements. In addition to processed TCR and BCR sequences, the T1D TCR/BCR Repository includes detailed metadata (e.g. participant demographics, disease-associated parameters and tissue type). We introduce the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium goals and outline methods to use and deposit data to this comprehensive repository. Our ultimate goal is to facilitate research community access to rich, carefully annotated immune AIRR datasets to enable new scientific inquiry and insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Spectral distances on RCD spaces
Authors: Honda Shouhei
Published: October 2024

We provide relationships between the spectral convergences in Bérard–Besson–Gallot sense, in Kasue–Kumura sense and the measured Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, for compact finite dimensional $${{\,\textrm{RCD}\,}}$$

RCD

spaces. As an independent interest, a canonical (spectral) approximation map between such spaces constructed by given spectral data is obtained.
Subclinical variability in visual function modulates visual dependence - independent of age
Authors: Fathi Amir Saman , Green David Andrew
Published: October 2024

Paradoxically visual dependence is reported to increase with age, contributing to falls risk, whereas visual function typically declines. This study assesses the relationship between age, objective and subjective measures of visual function and visual dependence, in healthy young and older adults. Forty-four healthy Young (YA; n = 32; 18 males, aged 26.2 ± 5.3 yrs.) and Older (OA; n = 12; 3 males, aged 62.4 ± 6.7 yrs.) adults were assessed for objective (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, depth perception, and lower peripheral vision), and subjective visual function (VFQ-25) along with motion sickness susceptibility. Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) and induced nausea and vection were assessed using the Rod and Disc Test (RDT). Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U, whilst determinants of SVV variability were evaluated using Multiple regression modelling. Visual acuity (p < 0.01) and contrast sensitivity (p = 0.04) were lower in OA. Visual dependence (SVV tilt errors) was not associated with ageing (p = 0.46). YA experienced greater RDT-induced vection (p = 0.03). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity accounted for modest proportions of variance in SVV tilt errors (VA; R2 = 0.14, F(1,42) = 8.00, p < 0.01; β = 6.37) and (CS; R2 = 0.06, F(1,42) = 3.93, p = 0.05; β = −4.97), respectively. Our findings suggest that subclinical differences in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity contribute to SVV tilt error variability, among both healthy young and older adults. Further studies are needed to define the inter-relationship between age-related visual function, non-visual factors (including vestibular and somatosensory fidelity, activity levels, fear of falling and cognitive function) and visual dependence.
Discovery, characterization, and synthetic potential of two novel bacterial aryl-alcohol oxidases
Authors: Cinca-Fernando Paula , Ascaso-Alegre Christian , Sevilla Emma , Martínez-Júlvez Marta , Mangas-Sánchez Juan , Ferreira Patricia
Published: October 2024

The search for novel synthetic tools to prepare industrial chemicals in a safer and greener manner is a continuing challenge in synthetic chemistry. In this manuscript, we report the discovery, characterization, and synthetic potential of two novel aryl-alcohol oxidases from bacteria which are able to oxidize a variety of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols with efficiencies up to 4970 min−1 mM−1. Both enzymes have shown a reasonable thermostability (thermal melting temperature values of 50.9 and 48.6 °C for ShAAO and SdAAO, respectively). Crystal structures revealed an unusual wide-open entrance to the active-site pockets compared to that previously described for traditional fungal aryl-alcohol oxidases, which could be associated with differences observed in substrate scope, catalytic efficiency, and other functional properties. Preparative-scale reactions and the ability to operate at high substrate loadings also demonstrate the potential of these enzymes in synthetic chemistry with total turnover numbers > 38000. Moreover, their availability as soluble and active recombinant proteins enabled their use as cell-free extracts which further highlights their potential for the large-scale production of carbonyl compounds.

Key points

• Identification and characterization of two novel bacterial aryl-alcohol oxidases

• Crystal structures reveal wide-open active-site pockets, impacting substrate scope

• Total turnover numbers and cell-free extracts demonstrate the synthetic potential

Graphical Abstract
Added value of body MRI to detect primary abdominal malignancies in the diagnostic work-up of patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Willemse Jeroen R. J. , Lahaye Max J. , Goedegebuure Elisabeth P. , Snaebjornsson Petur , Marchetti Serena , Vollebergh Marieke , van Golen Larissa W. , Vogel Wouter V. , Rostami Sajjad , Bodalal Zuhir , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Lambregts Doenja M. J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the added benefit of body MRI (covering the chest, abdomen, and pelvis) to detect the primary tumour in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (ACUP) and a suspected abdominal malignancy in whom previous diagnostic work-up with CT and/or FDG-PET/CT did not yield a primary tumour diagnosis.

Methods

Thirty ACUP patients with a suspected primary tumour in the abdomen/pelvis (based on pathology and/or pattern of disease) underwent MRI (T2-weighted, DWI, pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted) after completion of their initial diagnostic work-up with CT and/or PET/CT. Effects of MRI to establish a primary tumour diagnosis (and to detect additional metastatic sites) were documented. Integration of all available imaging data, additional diagnostic procedures (e.g., endoscopy), histopathology, and whole genome sequencing served as the composite standard of reference.

Results

MRI rendered a possible primary tumour diagnosis in 16/30 (53%) cases, which aligned with the final clinical diagnosis in 9/16 (56%) of these cases, thus resulting in a confirmed primary tumour diagnosis in 30% of our total patient cohort. These included four gastrointestinal, two hepatobiliary, one pancreatic, one ovarian and one breast cancer. MRI revealed extra metastatic sites in five patients (17%).

Conclusion

MRI can be of added value in the diagnostic work-up of ACUP patients with a suspected primary tumour originating from the abdomen or pelvis, in particular to detect gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary malignancies. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and identify specific ACUP patients that are most likely to benefit from MRI.

Key Points

QuestionCan body MRI help identify the primary tumour in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (ACUP)?

FindingsIn this pilot of n = 30 ACUP patients with clinically suspected abdominal malignancies, body MRI was able to establish the primary tumour in 30% of cases.

Clinical relevanceBody MRI can be of added value (as an adjunct to CT and/or PET/CT) in the diagnostic work-up of ACUP patients with a suspected primary tumour originating from the abdomen or pelvis, especially to detect gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary malignancies.
Prognostic implications and diagnostic significance of TFE3 rearrangement in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Muñoz Bastidas Carmina , Tapia Mario Tapia , López Andrés Calva , Cobo Vanessa Talavera , Vives Juan Colombas , Wong Eduardo Miraval , Castané Cristina Gutiérrez , Marckert Francisco Javier Ancizu , Roca Marcos Torres , Huerta Luis Labairu , Alonso Fernando Diez-Caballero , García José Enrique Robles , Aubá Felipe Villacampa , Padilla Daniel González , López Bernardino Miñana , Zalabardo Daniel Sánchez
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate the impact of TFE3 rearrangement, analyzing clinicopathological features that influence renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrence, and clarify the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in diagnosis.

Methods

We screened patients diagnosed of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on all TFE3 positive IHC tumors. Clinicopathological and survival features were collected for analysis.

Results

Out of 695 patients treated for renal tumors, 478 (68.7%) were ccRCC and 22 were suspected of TFE3 rearrangement based on IHC. Subsequent testing revealed 8 (1.15%) were positive in the FISH test (TFE3-rearranged-RCC) and 14 (2.01%) tested negative. No significant differences were noted in general characteristics among the three groups, except for age, TFE3-rearranged-RCC were younger than ccRCC (median age, 49 vs. 58 years, p = 0.02). TFE3-rearranged-RCC exhibited a significant higher recurrence rate compared to ccRCC (50% vs 18.8%) and multivariate analysis revealed that TFE3 rearrangement, along with tumor size and metastasis, was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (HR = 4.6; 95% CI 1.1-21.2; p = 0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated a significant shorter PFS (progression-free survival) for TFE3-rearranged-RCC compared to ccRCC.

Conclusions

TFE3 rearrangement is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and contributes to a worse PFS, suggesting the necessity of careful follow-up. Diagnosis should be confirmed using FISH due to low specificity of IHC. Further studies are needed to confirm TFE3 IHC staining as a prognostic factor.