bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ativismo pedagógico e princípios da escola do trabalho nos primeiros tempos da educação soviética
Authors: BITTAR MARISA , FERREIRA JR. AMARILIO
Published: April 2015

Examinamos neste artigo a influência do ativismo pedagógico nos primeiros tempos da educação soviética, de 1918 até o final da década de 1920. O estudo partiu da hipótese segundo a qual, nesse período, a pedagogia soviética teria mesclado tal influência com princípios marxistas da escola do trabalho. Quanto às fontes principais, baseamo-nos em discursos e artigos de três figuras importantes da revolução e educação no período: Anatoli Lounatcharski, Nadezja Konstantinovna Krupskaya e Vladimir Ilitch Lênin. Valemo-nos também de um texto pouco explorado de John Dewey sobre sua visita à Rússia Soviética, em 1928. O estudo concluiu que a presença do ativismo pedagógico foi típica do período de efervescência política da revolução, coincidindo com a campanha pela alfabetização e o início da construção do sistema nacional de escolas públicas, iniciando seu declínio na década de 1930, com a consolidação da revolução.
Entre a pedagogia legisladora e as pedagogias intérpretes
Authors: CAMOZZATO VIVIANE CASTRO
Published: April 2015

Com base nas metáforas do legislador (associado à modernidade) e intérprete (associado à pós-modernidade), discutidas por Zygmunt Bauman, este artigo problematiza alguns dos embates em torno dos significados da pedagogia, procurando mostrar os investimentos para legislar fundamentado nesse princípio, e também a operação de interpretar com as pedagogias. O mote central encontra-se no fato de que as formas de demarcar, definir, cercar o conceito de pedagogia, relaciona-se com uma vontade que é a de legislar sobre a sociedade e seus indivíduos. Com as fecundas transformações que têm reconfigurado a sociedade e o estado da cultura, argumenta- -se que houve uma necessidade para que a pedagogia se adequasse a essas reconfigurações, atuando como intérprete da cultura – o que proporcionou, por sua vez, a pluralidade do conceito de pedagogia e das intenções que a atravessam.
Evaluation of Kato-Katz and spontaneous sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis in Neotropical primates
Authors: Mati Vitor Luís Tenório , Pinto Hudson Alves , Melo Alan Lane de
Published: April 2015

Platynosomiasis is a parasitic infection reported in non-human primates, including marmosets, and is frequently difficult to diagnose. In this study, the Kato-Katz method and the spontaneous sedimentation method were evaluated for their usefulness in identifying Platynosomum eggs in fecal samples from Callithrix penicillata that naturally harbor Platynosomum illiciens. Spontaneous sedimentation allowed the diagnosis of 41.7% (5/12) and 66.7% (8/12) of infected marmosets from one and three slides, respectively, prepared from the same fecal sample. The examination of a single Kato-Katz thick smear detected 83.3% (10/12) of infection cases. The analysis of feces on three different days increased the rate of diagnosis, since 75% (9/12) and 100% (12/12) of the primates with platynosomiasis were identified using serial spontaneous sedimentation (3 slides/day) and the Kato-Katz method, respectively. The mean number of Platynosomum eggs per gram of feces determined via the Kato-Katz method was 71.7 (8-240). The spontaneous sedimentation method when performed in series is acceptable for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis. However, the Kato-Katz method, which was here used for the first time to detect this infection, has a higher diagnostic sensitivity and the advantage that a quantitative analysis of the eggs released in the host feces is possible.
UK Construction (Design and Management) Regulations: teamwork not paperwork
Authors: Putsman Tony
Published: April 2015

The UK Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 came into force last month. Tony Putsman, Institution of Civil Engineers representative and vice-chair for the UK Construction Industry Council health and safety committee, says teamwork rather than paperwork is the key to successful implementation.
Optimisation of adhesive anchors in concrete by desirability function
Authors: Abd-El Hameed Mohamed Fattouh , Ghazy Mariam Farouk , Abd Elaty Metwally Abd Allah
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a desirability function approach to finding the optimal combination of process parameters for multiple performance characteristics of adhesive anchors in concrete. In setting the process parameters, the main goal was to achieve the maximum pull-out strength for the minimum amount of adhesive material used for anchoring. The problem can be considered as a multi-objective optimisation. Embedment length and hole diameter were considered as the important factors influencing the anchorage system. A full factorial design was used in the experiment, and response surface methodology was used to model the responses.
THE CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING STRUCTURE. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND THEIR PLANNING REALISATION
Authors: VERETENNIKOV Dmitry Borisovich
Published: April 2015

The concept of city planning structure is concretized. Key components of city planning structure are identified and forms of their planning-morphological incarnations are viewed to determine their research methodology in historical context.
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM OIL AND HEAVY METALS
Authors: NAZAROV Vladimir Dmitrievich , BARYKIN Konstantin Konstantinovich , FURSOV Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: April 2015

The main industries of the Republic of Bashkortostan discharging pollutants to surface waters are presented. The quantitative indicators of natural waters volumes abstracted by enterprises of fuel, chemical and petrochemical industries are viewed as well as mass of pollutants discharged with sewage. The basic problems of the industry of water protection are presented. Device for water cleaning from oil and heavy metals based on galvanochemical method of water treatment is proposed and described. The results of industrial water cleaning from a number of impurities by galvano coagulation are viewed.
VACUUM-CAVITATION DEAERATOR OF SAMARA STATE DISTRICT POWER STATION
Authors: KUDINOV Anatoly Aleksandrovich , ZIGANSHINA Svetlana Kamilovna
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the results of the experimental research of vacuum-cavitation deaerator of streaming water used in Samara state district power station. A study of the experimental model of this deaerator and its pilot industrial installation allowed the introduction of vacuum-cavitation deaeration in the central heating plant of Samara state district power station.
GENERAL STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPAL CONTENTS OF COMPOSITIONAL DESIGN METHOD
Authors: MALAKHOV Sergey Alekseevich
Published: April 2015

This article puts forward and analyzes the concept of a new design metho, that joins together into one common process the experience of two independent disciplines - composition and design. The system of suggested compositional design method is seen at the same time as a finished theoretical model, and as a process of acquiring relevant professional skills, i.e. the methods theory and its genesis in practical activity is the same phenomenon, that develops step by step from the level of corporal-sensuous modeling of shape - via invariant project codes - to conceptual expression and metaobject.
EFFECTIVE DEVICE FOR REINFORCEMENT OF COLUMN AND GANGED ELEMENTS OF FLOOR STRUCTURE
Authors: ILYIN Nikolay A. , PANFILOV Denis A. , IBATULLIN Ruslan R. , SHEPELEV Alexander P.
Published: April 2015

A new resource and energy saving engineering solution is proposed. This device focuses on balanced and eff ective reinforcement of damaged column and ganged elements of fl oor structure. The proposed device allows to use stressing block bridgings safely, to control their prestressing, to control unloading of reinforced column and its head by stressing block bridgings, to provide fi re protection of metal elements of device, to save resource and energy in device production.
PROBLEMS OF LARGE-SCALE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: GENERALOV Viktor P. , GENERALOVA Elena M.
Published: April 2015

In this article stage-by-stage development of large-scale housing in the territory of Russia before 1990 and stagnation in the last ten years caused by absence of general strategy of living environment amenities is viewed. Problems of elaboration of affordable housing new standards are explored, existing regulatory documents are analyzed. In that context Hong Kong experience in large-scale public housing is given as an example.
FORM AND BUILDING MATERIALS AS A FACTOR OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: IVANOV Alexander V. , SHEINA Tatiana V.
Published: April 2015

The article discusses the cultural and ecological factor the use of local building materials in the regional architecture, the main objective of which is the ability to re-create in the form of the medium in its socio-functional device, the styles and ways of life that are typical of regional, ethnic and cultural traditions. The meaning of question of national originality of architecture and environment ethnocultural identity is explained.
PURIFICATION OF POLLUTED WATERS IN GEOCHEMICAL BARRIER
Authors: AXMETOV Timur O. , NAZAROV Vladimir D. , GORYACHEV Vladimir S.
Published: April 2015

The description of model of a geochemical barrier with granular loading from the siliconized calcite for purifi cation of the polluted waters, characteristic for areas of oil production and ores of metals is given. High or extreme concentration of chlorides, sulfates, iron, manganese, copper, oil products, sulfi des, iodine acted as pollutants. Tables of decrease in concentration and extent of cleaning of the specifi ed pollutants are given at horizontal fi ltering through granular loading at various speeds of fi ltering in various sites of a geochemical barrier.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE ULYANOVSK, SAMARA, SARATOV, VOLGOGRAD
Authors: VERETENNIKOV Dmitry B.
Published: April 2015

The general stages of planning structure formation of four of the largest cities of the Volga region are revealed and characterized on the basis of historical-genetic analysis of formation and structural components development
USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER SUPPLY COMPANIES (THROUGH THE EXAMPLE OF TUMEN VODOKANAL)
Authors: IVANOV Vladimir M. , BYCHKOV Dmitry A. , IVANOVA Tatyana Yu. , BAKHTINA Irina A.
Published: April 2015

In the article the steps required to create a detailed hydraulic model of the water network Tumen with the use of geographic information systems (GIS) Zulu are described. The effectiveness of the design scheme for solving a number of applied problems of water utility network optimization, implementation of programs to reduce pressure and planning for a case of emergency are shown. Real-life experience of GIS using for accidents analyze, certification, introduction of the water supply objects single classifier are presented. Perspective ways of information system development are viewed.
EVALUATION OF FIRE-RESISTANCE OF STRUT REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Authors: ILYIN Nikolay A. , PANFILOV Denis A. , LITVINOV Denis V. , SLAVKIN Pavel N.
Published: April 2015

In SGASU a new engineering solution for buildings fire protection is developped. Its especially efficient for classification of reinforced concrete structures according to their resistance to high-temperature impact in case of fire or technological emergency that gives an opportunity to use a structure with actual fire resistance grading in buildings of different structural fire hazard. Evaluation of actual fi re resistance grading by engineering analysis (as opposed to inplace tests of reinforced concrete structures) makes possible resource and energy saving.
RELATIONSHIP OF FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION, SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF ROAD BITUMEN PART I
Authors: SHEINA Tatyana V. , SAMOKHINA Anastasia A.
Published: April 2015

In the article the composition, structure and properties of road bitumen asphaltenes component are viewed in detail. The influence of oil nature and processing of its refining on the properties of asphaltenes and road bitumen, their durability in pavements are shown.
PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS TYPOLOGY FUTURE CITY
Authors: GENERALOV Viktor P. , GENERALOVA Elena M.
Published: April 2015

The current questions of prospects of modern cities development are viewed in the light of steady growth of population and urbanization connected with enhancement of cities role in social development. The problem of urban densification and the prospectivity of large cities vertical growth are considered. China practice is analyzed because this state is acknowledged global leader in the matter of high-rise building and its achievements can be useful for the Russian Federation. The article concerns activities of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) researching high-rise building. Modern approaches to highrise buildings typology are examined, their main point is defined as mini-city in city.
MODERN METHODS TO AERO PHOTOFILMING IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN AREA
Authors: LITVINOV Denis V.
Published: April 2015

In article the modern aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles as one of methods of the analysis of city building and the territory in design and exploration work is considered. A number of advantages of aerial photography before land photographing is allocated. The retrospective analysis of aerial photography, allowing to track its development from amateur to the professional is carried out. Its application in town planning, reconstruction and new construction is defined. Two main types of aerial photography, used in construction planned and, - perspective are allocated.
Morphometric measures of Heteroptera sampled in grasslands across three regions of Germany
Authors: Gossner Martin M. , Simons Nadja K. , Höck Leonhard , Weisser Wolfgang W.
Published: April 2015

Trait‐based approaches have increased significantly in community ecology during the last decade. This is not least because studies on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships became a major topic in ecology. Species' functions in ecosystems are mediated by their traits. For a better understanding of the relationships between environmental drivers, the community composition of organisms and ecosystems functioning, it is crucial to understand how these relationships are mediated by the communities' trait composition. While there are world‐wide efforts to set up trait databases, most have so far focused on plants and species‐poorer taxa such as birds or amphibians. In contrast, for insects, the large number of species makes the gathering of comparable trait data a challenging task. In addition, there is the danger that generic trait information, which is available from common textbooks, may not be sufficient to detect the response of insect communities to environmental change or the consequences of trait changes for ecosystem functioning. One method to overcome this is to take morphometric measurements of species. In this study we measured morphometric traits of a total of 179 Heteroptera species that were sampled by sweep‐netting on a total of 150 managed grassland plots across three regions in Germany between 2008 and 2012. These plots represent the whole range of grassland management intensities from extensively used pastures to mown pastures to intensively managed and fertilized meadows. In this paper we provide a database of mean values of 23 morphometric measures across sex and morphotypes for each sampled Heteroptera species. Morphological traits are assumed to be related to their adaptation and function in the environment. Thus the relative morphometric traits can be used as proxies for ecological features of a species that may affect its performance or fitness. Our database can be used by future trait‐based studies for developing and testing hypotheses of the functional significance of these traits. Examples include studying the functional responses of insect communities to environmental drivers or studying how the change in trait composition affects ecosystem processes.
Venue-Mediated Weak Ties in Multiplex HIV Transmission Risk Networks Among Drug-Using Male Sex Workers and Associates
Authors: Fujimoto Kayo , Wang Peng , Ross Michael W. , Williams Mark L.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We investigated the structural characteristics of a multiplex HIV transmission risk network of drug-using male sex workers and their associates.

Methods. Using a sample of 387 drug-using male sex workers and their male and female associates in Houston, Texas, we estimated an exponential random graph model to examine the venue-mediated relationships between individuals, the structural characteristics of relationships not linked to social venues, and homophily. We collected data in 2003 to 2004. The network comprised social, sexual, and drug-using relationships and affiliations with social venues.

Results. Individuals affiliated with the same social venues, bars, or street intersections were more likely to have nonreciprocated (weak) ties with others. Sex workers were less likely than were other associates to have reciprocated (strong) ties to other sex workers with the same venues. Individuals tended to have reciprocated ties not linked to venues. Partner choice tended to be predicated on homophily.

Conclusions. Social venues may provide a milieu for forming weak ties in HIV transmission risk networks centered on male sex workers, which may foster the efficient diffusion of prevention messages as diverse information is obtained and information redundancy is avoided.
Association of Socioeconomic Position With Sensory Impairment Among US Working-Aged Adults
Authors: Chou Chiu-Fang , Beckles Gloria L. A. , Zhang Xinzhi , Saaddine Jinan B.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairment.

Methods. We used data from the 2007 to 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 69 845 adults). Multivariable logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) for associations of educational attainment, occupational class, and poverty–income ratio with impaired vision or hearing.

Results. Nearly 20% of respondents reported sensory impairment. Each SEP indicator was negatively associated with sensory impairment. Adjusted odds of vision impairment were significantly higher for farm workers (OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.02), people with some college (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.44) or less than a high school diploma (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.55), and people from poor (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.52), low-income (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.43), or middle-income (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.31) families than for the highest-SEP group. Odds of hearing impairment were significantly higher for people with some college or less education than for those with a college degree or more; for service groups, farmers, and blue-collar workers than for white-collar workers; and for people in poor families.

Conclusions. More research is needed to understand the SEP–sensory impairment association.
Loose Cigarette Purchasing and Nondaily Smoking Among Young Adult Bar Patrons in New York City
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Johns Michael , Farley Shannon M. , Ling Pamela M.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined loose cigarette (loosie) purchasing behavior among young adult (aged 18–26 years) smokers at bars in New York City and factors associated with purchase and use.

Methods. Between June and December 2013, we conducted cross-sectional surveys (n = 1916) in randomly selected bars and nightclubs. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined associations of loose cigarette purchasing and use with smoking frequency, price, social norms, cessation behaviors, and demographics.

Results. Forty-five percent (n = 621) of nondaily smokers and 57% (n = 133) of daily smokers had ever purchased a loosie; 15% of nondaily smokers and 4% of daily smokers reported that their last cigarette was a loosie. Nondaily smokers who never smoked daily were more likely than were daily smokers to have last smoked a loosie (odds ratio = 7.27; 95% confidence interval = 2.35, 22.48). Quitting behaviors and perceived approval of smoking were associated with ever purchasing and recently smoking loosies.

Conclusions. Loosie purchase and use is common among young adults, especially nondaily smokers. Smoking patterns and attitudes should be considered to reduce loose cigarette purchasing among young adults in New York City.
Longitudinal Investigation of Smoking Initiation and Relapse Among Younger and Older US Military Personnel
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Trone Daniel W. , Peterson Arthur V. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Littman Alyson J. , Maynard Charles , Seelig Amber D. , Crum-Cianflone Nancy F. , Bricker Jonathan B.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined whether military service, including deployment and combat experience, were related to smoking initiation and relapse.

Methods. We included older (panel 1) and younger (panel 2) participants in the Millennium Cohort Study. Never smokers were followed for 3 to 6 years for smoking initiation, and former smokers were followed for relapse. Complementary log-log regression models estimated the relative risk (RR) of initiation and relapse by military exposure while adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors.

Results. Deployment with combat experience predicted higher initiation rate (panel 1: RR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 1.62; panel 2: RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54) and relapse rate (panel 1 only: RR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.62). Depending on the panel, previous mental health disorders, life stressors, and other military and nonmilitary characteristics independently predicted initiation and relapse.

Conclusions. Deployment with combat experience and previous mental disorder may identify military service members in need of intervention to prevent smoking initiation and relapse.
If We Build It, We Will Come: A Model for Community-Led Change to Transform Neighborhood Conditions to Support Healthy Eating and Active Living
Authors: Gavin Vedette R. , Seeholzer Eileen L. , Leon Janeen B. , Chappelle Sandra Byrd , Sehgal Ashwini R.
Published: April 2015

Neighborhoods affect health. In 3 adjoining inner-city Cleveland, Ohio, neighborhoods, residents have an average life expectancy 15 years less than that of a nearby suburb. To address this disparity, a local health funder created the 2010 to 2013 Francis H. Beam Community Health Fellowship to develop a strategic community engagement process to establish a Healthy Eating & Active Living (HEAL) culture and lifestyle in the neighborhoods. The fellow developed and advanced a model, engaging the community in establishing HEAL options and culture. Residents used the model to identify a shared vision for HEAL and collaborated with community partners to create and sustain innovative HEAL opportunities. This community-led, collaborative model produced high engagement levels (15% of targeted 12 000 residents) and tangible improvements in the neighborhood’s physical, resource, and social environments.
Knowledge Resources and Book Reviews
Authors: Limor Rina
Published: April 2015

MICHAEL LEWIS, Flash Boys: A Wall Street Revolt. (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014, ISBN-13: 978-0393244663, ISBN-10: 039344660, 288 pages, $27.95).
The Federal-State Tempest of Medical Marijuana Taxation: Seeking a Bridge over Troubled Waters
Authors: Durant Monique O.
Published: April 2015

Presently, federal income taxation of medical marijuana is the same as for cocaine or heroin; the only permitted adjustment to gross revenues in calculating federal taxable income is cost of goods sold. Where medical marijuana has been legalized, however, state income taxation falls primarily into two groups, with some states permitting nonprofit treatment of dispensaries for state purposes, although they will not receive such treatment for federal tax purposes. Other states make no requirement of nonprofit status, such that state taxation of these enterprises generally follows federal treatment. This disparity in federal-state taxation, although simply stated, has earth-shaking economic implications to the producers, distributors, and users of medical marijuana. Despite recent developments, a potentially extreme federalism problem remains; one that has been characterized as a “war” between the federal government and some states over medical marijuana policy. This “war” has two fronts, due to the way the federal tax code controlling marijuana is drafted. One front concerns the criminalization of medical marijuana operations nationally, and a second front concerns federal income taxation of these same enterprises. As additional states continue to legalize marijuana for medical purposes, the federalism issues continues to loom large. This paper discusses the federalism issues resulting from this unique legal conflict and the need for federal legislation.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Azmi Shazli , Ferdousi Maryam , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Ponirakis Georgios , Alam Uazman , Fadavi Hassan , Asghar Omar , Marshall Andrew , Atkinson Andrew J. , Jones Wendy , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Tavakoli Mitra , Jeziorska Maria , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) through to type 2 diabetes is thought to confer a continuum of risk for neuropathy. Identification of subjects at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and, hence, worsening neuropathy would allow identification and risk stratification for more aggressive management.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty subjects with IGT and 17 age-matched control subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, assessment of neuropathic symptoms and deficits, quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiology, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), and fiber length (CNFL) at baseline and annually for 3 years.

RESULTS

Ten subjects who developed type 2 diabetes had a significantly lower CNFD (P = 0.003), CNBD (P = 0.04), and CNFL (P = 0.04) compared with control subjects at baseline and a further reduction in CNFL (P = 0.006), intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) (P = 0.02), and mean dendritic length (MDL) (P = 0.02) over 3 years. Fifteen subjects who remained IGT and 5 subjects who returned to normal glucose tolerance had no significant baseline abnormality on CCM or IENFD but had a lower MDL (P < 0.0001) compared with control subjects. The IGT subjects showed a significant decrease in IENFD (P = 0.02) but no change in MDL or CCM over 3 years. Those who returned to NGT showed an increase in CNFD (P = 0.05), CNBD (P = 0.04), and CNFL (P = 0.05), but a decrease in IENFD (P = 0.02), over 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS

CCM and skin biopsy detect a small-fiber neuropathy in subjects with IGT who develop type 2 diabetes and also show a dynamic worsening or improvement in corneal and intraepidermal nerve morphology in relation to change in glucose tolerance status.
Profile of the Immune and Inflammatory Response in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Grossmann Vera , Schmitt Volker H. , Zeller Tanja , Panova-Noeva Marina , Schulz Andreas , Laubert-Reh Dagmar , Juenger Claus , Schnabel Renate B. , Abt Tobias G.J. , Laskowski Rafael , Wiltink Jörg , Schulz Eberhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S.
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE

The inflammatory and immune systems are altered in type 2 diabetes. Here, the aim was to profile the immune and inflammatory response in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in a large population-representative sample.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In total, 15,010 individuals were analyzed from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Glucose status was classified according to HbA1c concentration and history of diagnosis. All samples were analyzed for white blood cells (WBCs), granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, and hematocrit. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and neopterin concentrations were determined in a subcohort.

RESULTS

In total, 7,584 men and 7,426 women were analyzed (range 35–74 years), with 1,425 and 1,299 having prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Biomarkers showed varying dynamics from normoglycemic via subjects with prediabetes to subjects with diabetes: 1) gradual increase (WBCs, granulocytes, monocytes, IL-1RA, IL-18, and fibrinogen), 2) increase with subclinical disease only (lymphocytes and CRP), 3) increase from prediabetes to diabetes only (neopterin), and 4) no variation with glucose status (hematocrit). The strongest relative differences were found for CRP, IL-1RA, and fibrinogen concentrations. Several inflammatory and immune markers were associated with the glucose status independent from cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, varied with disease severity and the presence of disease-specific complications in the diabetes subcohort.

CONCLUSIONS

The inflammatory and immune biomarker profile varies with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation and immunity enable differentiation between the early preclinical and clinical phases of the disease, disease complications, and progression.
Comparing Type 2 Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Their Associated Risk Factors in Asian Indians in India and in the U.S.: The CARRS and MASALA Studies
Authors: Gujral Unjali P. , Narayan K.M. Venkat , Pradeepa R. Ghua , Deepa Mohan , Ali Mohammed K. , Anjana Ranjit M. , Kandula Namratha R. , Mohan Viswanathan , Kanaya Alka M.
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE

To assess the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and the associated risk factors in two Asian Indian populations living in different environments.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 2,305 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in Chennai, India, from the Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia study (CARRS) (2010–2011), and 757 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in the greater San Francisco and Chicago areas from the U.S. Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (2010–2013). Diabetes was defined as self-reported use of glucose-lowering medication, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL and/or 2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dL.

RESULTS

Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was higher in India (38% [95% CI 36–40]) than in the U.S. (24% [95% CI 21–27]). Age-adjusted prediabetes prevalence was lower in India (24% [95% CI 22–26]) than in the U.S. (33% [95% CI 30–36]). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure, living in the U.S. was associated with an increased odds for prediabetes (odds ratio 1.2 [95% CI 0.9–1.5]) and a decreased odds for diabetes (odds ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.4–0.6]).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate possible changes in the relationship between migration and diabetes risk and highlight the growing burden of disease in urban India. Additionally, these results call for longitudinal studies to better identify the gene-environment-lifestyle exposures that underlie the elevated risk for type 2 diabetes development in Asian Indians.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Enos Gene Polymorphism and Diagnosed Migraine
Authors: Güler S. , Gürkan H. , Tozkir H. , Turan N. , Çelik Y.
Published: April 2015

We investigated the phenotype-genotype association of the following endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851, in patients suffering from migraine living in Edirne, Turkey. A total of 175 individuals, who had been diagnosed with migraine between April 2013 and December 2013, at the Neurology Department, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey, and 125 healthy controls were recruited. The above gene polymorphisms were analyzed from genomic DNA in both patient and control groups, using the pyro-sequencing method.

The eNOS rs1799983 TT genotype frequency in migraine patients who had a headache duration of longer than 24 hours was statistically significantly higher than in patients who had migraine attacks that lasted under 24 hours (p = 0.047). In terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the severity of headache was statistically significant, and was found to be severe in 61.0% (p = 0.0001). Also in terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the duration of headache was statistically significant, and was >24 hours in 56.0% of patients (p = 0.008). In our study, there was no significant genotypephenotype relationship between eNOS rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851 gene polymorphisms and migraine patients with and without aura living in Edirne, Turkey. The AGGTGGA haplotype constitutes a risk in terms of the severity and the duration of headaches in patients with migraine. This risk is significantly higher in patients with migraine with aura than patients with migraine without aura.
The Whole Plant Reconstruction of Banisteriaecarpum Giganteum and Byttneriophyllum Tiliifolium - A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Hably Lilla
Published: April 2015

New records of fruits of Banisteriaecarpum giganteum (Göppert) Kräusel from the middle and late Miocene of Austria and Hungary and the Pliocene of Romania regularly associated with foliage of Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium (A. Braun) Knobloch & Kvaček confirm previous views of Czeczott, Ţicleanu and others that the two organs belong to a single plant related to Malvaceae s.l. and not to Mapighiaceae, as previously assumed by Schenk, Kräusel and Kirchheimer. According to the fruit morphology it is closely similar to Tarrietia Blume (tropical SE Asia and Africa, sometimes included together with Argyrodendron F. Muel. to Heritiera Dryand. in Ait.), with which it partly shares habitats (swamp to riparian forests) and decidedly differs in foliage (leaves strongly asymmetric ovate vs symmetric simple ovate to elongate or palmately compound) and climatic requirements (warm temperate vs tropical conditions). Its pollen has not yet been firmly discriminated. The fossils so far assigned to Tarrietia from Europe must be excluded from this genus: Tarrietia hungarica Rásky from the early Oligocene of Hungary was assumed by Andreánszky as legume fruits (Machaerites hungaricus (Rásky) Andreánszky), Tarrietia germanica Rüffle from the early Miocene of Germany, according to fine venation pattern, may also represent a monospermic legume pod
Innovative Test Rig for Jet Fuels Thermal Stability Testing / Innowacyjne Stanowisko Badawcze Do Określania Stabilności Termicznej Paliw Lotniczych
Authors: Sarnecki Jarosław
Published: April 2015

The article deals with laboratory test method for jet fuels thermal stability testing. Author described the reasons that led to test rig preparation, its construction and operation principles. Innovative test rig for jet fuels thermal stability testing enables research in wide thermal conditions and different pressures. Testing capabilities and advantages compared with currently used standard test method of jet fuels thermal stability testing according to ASTM D3241 have been also presented
Rethinking Play Texts in the Age of Mediatization: Simon Stephens’sPornography
Authors: Ilter Seda
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:

This article is unusual in that it responds to a tendency in contemporary theatre practice and scholarship to overlook play texts when exploring the effect on the theatre of media technologies and culture have. Introducing the concept of “mediatized dramaturgy,” the article explores how a play can accommodate the social-cognitive conditions of a mediatized culture, not only through direct reference to technology, but also in aesthetic subtleties that echo the contemporary moment. In light of this, the article analyses Simon Stephens’s Pornography (2007) to show the workings of a mediatized play in opening new vistas to understand the new realities of the contemporary. A further discussion of the reception of Pornography onstage explores the performative implications of a mediatized dramaturgy. This analysis challenges recent shifts in critical discourse about the media-theatre relation: the growing emphasis on performance, misconceptions about postdramatic theatre as a non-textual form, and the text’s supposed incapacity to map the new reality of mediatized culture and consciousness.
PTPIP51—A New RelA-tionship with the NFκB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Brobeil Alexander , Kämmerer Fabian , Tag Claudia , Steger Klaus , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Wimmer Monika
Published: April 2015

The present study shows a new connection of protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) to the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signalling pathway. PTPIP51 mRNA and protein expression is regulated by RelA. If bound to the PTPIP51 promoter, RelA repress the mRNA and protein expression of PTPIP51. The parallel treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) reversed the suppression of PTPIP51 protein expression induced by TNFα. Using the intensity correlation analysis PTPIP51 verified a co-localization with RelA, which is also regulated by TNFα administration. Moreover, the direct interaction of PTPIP51 and RelA was established using the DuoLink proximity ligation assay. IκBα, the known inhibitor of RelA, also interacted with PTPIP51. This hints to the fact that in un-stimulated conditions PTPIP51 forms a complex with RelA and IκBα. The PTPIP51/RelA/IκBα complex is modulated by TNFα. Interestingly, the impact on the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway was negligible except in highest TNFα concentration. Here, PTPIP51 and Raf-1 interactions were slightly repressed. The newly established relationship of PTPIP51 and the NFκB signaling pathway provides the basis for a possible therapeutic impact.
Linking a Population Biobank with National Health Registries—The Estonian Experience
Authors: Leitsalu Liis , Alavere Helene , Tammesoo Mari-Liis , Leego Erkki , Metspalu Andres
Published: April 2015

The Estonian population-based biobank, with 52,000 participants’ genetic and health data, is the largest epidemiological cohort in the Baltic region. Participants were recruited through a network of medical professionals throughout Estonia (population 1.34 million). Unique legislation as well as a broad consent form give the Estonian Genome Center, a research institute of the University of Tartu, permission to re-contact participants and to retrieve participants’ data from national registries and databases. In addition to two re-contacting projects to update the health data of participants, extensive clinical characterizations have been retrieved from national registries and hospital databases regularly since 2010. Acquiring data from electronic health records and registries has provided a means to update and enhance the database of the Genome Center in a timely manner and at low cost. The resulting database allows a wide spectrum of genomic and epidemiological research to be conducted with the aim of benefitting public health. Future plans include linking the genome center database with the national health information system through X-road and exchanging data in real time, as well as using the genetic data and the technical infrastructure available for piloting personalized medicine in Estonia.
Nonlinear Dynamic Response of an Unbalanced Flexible Rotor Supported by Elastic Bearings Lubricated with Piezo-Viscous Polar Fluids
Authors: Lahmar Mustapha , Bou-Saïd Benyebka
Published: April 2015

On the basis of the V. K. Stokes micro-continuum theory, the effects of couple stresses on the nonlinear dynamic response of the unbalanced Jeffcott’s flexible rotor supported by layered hydrodynamic journal bearings is presented in this paper. A nonlinear transient modified Reynolds’ equation is derived and discretized by the finite element method to obtain the fluid-film pressure field as well as the film thickness by means of the implicit Euler method. The nonlinear orbits of the rotor center are determined by solving the nonlinear differential equations of motion with the explicit Euler’s scheme taking into account the flexibility of rotor. According to the obtained results, the combined effects of couple stresses due to the presence of polymer additives in lubricant and the pressure dependent viscosity on the nonlinear dynamic response of the rotor-bearing system are significant and cannot be ignored or overlooked. As expected, these effects are more noticeable for polymers characterized by higher length molecular chains.
Approaches to the Low Grade Metamorphic History of the Karakaya Complex by Chlorite Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Authors: Tetiker Sema , Yalçın Hüseyin , Bozkaya Ömer
Published: April 2015

In this study, chlorite is used to investigate the diagenetic-metamorphic evolution and accurate geological history of the different units belonging to the Karakaya complex, Turkey. Primary and secondary chlorite minerals in the very low-grade metamorphic rocks display interference colors of blue and brown and an appearance of optical isotropy. Chlorites are present in the matrix, pores, and/or rocks units as platy/flaky and partly radial forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate that Mg-Fe chlorites with entirely IIb polytype (trioctahedral) exhibit a variety of compositions, such as brunsvigite-diabantite-chamosite. The major element contents and structural formulas of chlorite also suggest these were derived from both felsic and metabasic source rocks. Trace and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of chlorites increase with increasing grade of metamorphism, and these geochemical changes can be related to the tectonic structures, formational mechanics, and environments present during their generation.
Identification of the Chemical Constituents in Aqueous Extract of Zhi-Qiao and Evaluation of Its Antidepressant Effect
Authors: Wu Ming , Zhang Hongwu , Zhou Chao , Jia Hongmei , Ma Zhuo , Zou Zhongmei
Published: April 2015

The immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. (Zhi-Qiao, ZQ) has been used as a traditional medicine in China. Our previous study has shown that ZQ decoction may contribute to the antidepressant-like action of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San. However, there are no reports on the chemical constituents of ZQ aqueous extract or its anti-depression effects. Firstly, this research reported the on-line identification of the chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of ZQ by coupling ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). A total of 31 chemical constituents were identified in ZQ aqueous extract, including one tannic acid, five flavones, 13 flavanones, one limonoid, three coumarins, three cyclic peptides, and five polymethoxylated flavonoids. The antidepressant effect of ZQ aqueous extract was evaluated in vivo and the results indicated that the mice immobility time during the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test were significantly reduced with ZQ treatment. MTT assays showed both ZQ aqueous extract and its major constituents (naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and nobiletin) had neuroprotective effect on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The in vivo and in vitro results suggest that ZQ has an antidepressant effect.
Alkylamides of Acmella oleracea
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Bin , Liu Rosa , Ho Meng-Chi , Wu Tung-Ying , Chen Ching-Yeu , Lo I-Wen , Hou Ming-Feng , Yuan Shyng-Shiou , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong
Published: April 2015

Phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Acmella oleracea had resulted in the isolation of one new alkylamide, (2E,5Z)-N-isobutylundeca-2,5-diene-8,10-diynamide (1), together with four known analogues (2-5). The structures of these compounds were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic methods, especially NMR technologies (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY). In addition, a convenient method for concentrating the alkylamide-rich fraction and analyzing fingerprint profile of A. oleracea was established.
Concomitant Use of Dietary Supplements and Medicines in Patients due to Miscommunication with Physicians in Japan
Authors: Chiba Tsuyoshi , Sato Yoko , Suzuki Sachina , Umegaki Keizo
Published: April 2015

We previously reported that some patients used dietary supplements with their medication without consulting with physicians. Dietary supplements and medicines may interact with each other when used concomitantly, resulting in health problems. An Internet survey was conducted on 2109 people who concomitantly took dietary supplements and medicines in order to address dietary supplement usage in people who regularly take medicines in Japan. A total of 1508 patients (two admitted patients and 1506 ambulatory patients) and 601 non-patients, who were not consulting with physicians, participated in this study. Purpose for dietary supplement use was different among ages. Dietary supplements were used to treat diseases in 4.0% of non-patients and 11.9% of patients, while 10.8% of patients used dietary supplements to treat the same diseases as their medication. However, 70.3% of patients did not declare dietary supplement use to their physicians or pharmacists because they considered the concomitant use of dietary supplements and medicines to be safe. A total of 8.4% of all subjects realized the potential for adverse effects associated with dietary supplements. The incidence of adverse events was higher in patients who used dietary supplements to treat their disease. Communication between patients and physicians is important for avoiding the adverse effects associated with the concomitant use of dietary supplements and medicines.
Does Amifostine Reduce Metabolic Rate? Effect of the Drug on Gas Exchange and Acute Ventilatory Hypoxic Response in Humans
Authors: Pandit Jaideep , Allen Caroline , Little Evelyn , Formenti Federico , Harris Adrian , Robbins Peter
Published: April 2015

Amifostine is added to chemoradiation regimens in the treatment of many cancers on the basis that, by reducing the metabolic rate, it protects normal cells from toxic effects of therapy. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the metabolic rate (by gas exchange) over 255 min in 6 healthy subjects, at two doses (500 mg and 1000 mg) of amifostine infused over 15 min at the start of the protocol. We also assessed the ventilatory response to six 1 min exposures to isocapnic hypoxia mid-protocol. There was no change in metabolic rate with amifostine as measured by oxygen uptake (p = 0.113). However in carbon dioxide output and respiratory quotient, we detected a small decline over time in control and drug protocols, consistent with a gradual change from carbohydrate to fat metabolism over the course of the relatively long study protocol. A novel result was that amifostine (1000 mg) increased the mean ± SD acute hypoxic ventilatory response from 12.4 ± 5.1 L/min to 20.3 ± 11.9 L/min (p = 0.045). In conclusion, any cellular protective effects of amifostine are unlikely due to metabolic effects. The stimulatory effect on hypoxic ventilatory responses may be due to increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor, either peripherally in the carotid body, or centrally in the brain.