bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operating Strategies and Design Recommendations for Mitigating Local Damage Effects in Offshore Turbine Blades
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Richards Phillip ,   Sandia National Laboratories, Griffith Todd , Hodges Dewey
Published: October 2024

Two major barriers to widespread US acceptance of offshore wind energy is reliability of rotor blades and the difficulty to access for inspection and maintenance. This work presents operation and design strategies aimed to increase blade reliability and maximize power production. Operating strategies that prolong blade life while optimizing energy output allow for smarter maintenance planning and lower maintenance costs. Offshore plants require significant balance of station costs associated with each turbine, leading to large rotor diameters to capture the most energy per turbine. Rotor diameters have already approached 130 m, so this work extends that trend to 100 m blade (205 m diameter) designs. A combined aero/structural optimization process was used to produce new 100 m blade designs. A high-fidelity analysis method is presented to assess the local damage effects of a common damage type. The operation and design strategies are then compared for their effect to mitigate the local damage effects.
Genetic Algorithm Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Tool for Wind Turbine Blades and Its Implementation to Helicopter Blades
Authors:   Middle East Technical University, Tuncer Ismail ,   Turkish Aerospace Industries, Pola Ozge , Uzol Nilay
Published: October 2024

This study presents a methodology first built up for the aerodynamic shape optimization for wind turbine rotors and its modified version for a helicopter rotor in hover. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) coupled with an in-house Blade Element Momentum (BEM) tool is used in the design optimization process. The wind turbine blade optimization studies are performed for maximizing the power production at a given wind speed, rotor speed and rotor diameter, while for the helicopter blade optimization in hover, figure of merit is considered. The airfoil profiles along the span are defined by high order Bezier curves, and the control points of the curves are taken as the design variables. The chord length distribution and the twist distribution are also defined by Bezier splines. The sectional aerodynamic loads needed by the BEM method are obtained by using the potential flow solver with a boundary layer model, XFOIL. The BEM calculations for each individual in the GA population may be computed in parallel using OpenMPI. The BEM tool developed is validated with the available wind turbine and helicopter blade aerodynamic data and then design optimization studies are successfully performed.
Addressing a community need: assessing the confidence and attitude of senior medical students in responding to in-flight emergencies
Authors: Almutairi Yazeed , Al-Qahtani Maha , Binghaith Abdullah , Alsayed Saud , Sharaf Abdulelah , AbuDujain Nasser M. , Aljarallah Saleh
Published: October 2024

Traveling physicians will likely be called for medical assistance on board. In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are common and occur in a complex environment with limited medical resources. This study evaluated senior medical students’ willingness, understanding, confidence, and attitudes toward IMEs and their willingness to respond to them. This cross-sectional study was conducted among senior medical students in the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These medical students were sent a self-administered online questionnaire, which consisted of basic demographic data, a survey to evaluate IME experiences, and a 10-item questionnaire to assess the attitude of students. Among 302 medical students, 52.3% were males, while 66.9% were over 22 years old. The prevalence of students who attended life support training was 62.6%, which was highly significant among the 5th-year level (p = 0.001). Neutral attitudes were found in most students (87.7%); 4.6% had positive attitudes, while 7.6% had negative ones. Being at the 5th-year level and having previous participation in life support training were associated with an increased attitude toward in-flight medical emergencies. The attitude of senior medical students toward IMEs was less than desired. However, the attitude was better among 5th-year medical students who attended training courses on managing IMEs. Thus, participation in training courses influenced the willingness to manage such cases. Subsequently, longitudinal studies are needed to extract more data on the knowledge and confidence of medical students toward IMEs.
Developmental characteristics of cutaneous telocytes in late embryos of the silky fowl
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Junliang , You Wenjun , Xu Yizhen , Ye Yaqiong , Zhao Haiquan , Li Junxing , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2024

Telocytes (TCs) have been identified in various animals. However, information on TCs in the embryos is still very limited. In this work, the developing skin of the silky fowl was sampled for TCs identification by histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, morphological parameters of cutaneous TCs and their location relationships were measured using a morphometry software – ImageJ (FiJi). At the 12th, 16th and 20th day of incubation, in the embryonic skin, telocyte-like cells (TC-L) were observed in the dermis. TCs were PDGFRα+ at the 12th, 16th and 20th day of incubation, but showed CD34+ only at 20th day of incubation in the embryonic dermis. Ultrastructurally, TCs were observed in the dermis at all late embryonic developmental stages. TCs established the homocellular contacts/plasmalemmal adhesion with each other. TCs established heterocellular contacts with melanocytes at 20th day of incubation in the dermis. In addition, the intracellular microvesicles were present in the cytoplasm of TCs. The extracellular microvesicles/exosomes were in close proximity to the TCs. The results confirmed that the locations, immunophenotypes, structural characteristics and relationships of TCs, and revealed the developmental characteristics of cutaneous TCs in late silky fowl embryos.
Orthodontic-Surgical Management of Triple Impacted Mesiodens and Maxillary Incisors - A Case Report
Authors: Kumar K. R. Ashok , Varsha S. , Kumar R. Mahesh , Kumar B. Jambukeshwar , Pal Supriyo , Handique Swadhinata
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth located in the pre-maxilla between the two central incisors with a prevalence rate of 0.15–1.9%. An impacted mesiodens may cause delayed eruption of permanent incisors, ectopic eruption, pathological disturbances and malalignment of teeth.

Patient Concerns:

The patient complained of missing upper front teeth associated with pain in the same region for two weeks.

Diagnosis:

Upon clinical and radiographic examination, it was diagnosed as triple impacted mesiodens with impacted permanent maxillary central incisors.

Treatment:

The clinicians in the study approached the issue by surgical removal of the impacted mesiodens and orthodontic treatment for extrusion of the impacted permanent maxillary central incisors.

Outcomes:

The patient was relieved of the pre-operative concerns and followed up regularly for the eruption of permanent maxillary central incisors.

Take-away Lessons:

The authors advocate the importance of timely diagnosis and proper management of such rare pathologies.
Evaluation of Surface Homogeneity of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin fabricated by two different methods of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles incorporation - An in vitro Study
Authors: Fathima A. Nida , Kumari K. Sheela , Krishnan Murugesan , Raza Fathima Banu , Srinivasan Rakshini
Published: October 2024

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the surface homogeneity of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin fabricated by two different methods of incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs).

Settings and Design:

In vitro study; qualitative analysis.

Materials and Methods:

PMMA resin was divided into two groups with 1% of titanium dioxide NPs were added to each group; Group A contained NPs incorporated in the polymer through magnetic stirring for 60 min and Group B contained NPs incorporated in the monomer through ultrasonic dispersion for 60 min. Ten acrylic block samples were fabricated by standard method for each group and then tested for surface homogeneity by scanning electron microscopy analysis for qualitative analysis.

Results:

Group A showed NPs as defined pale white dots with a consistent distribution pattern and minimal air entrapment. Group B showed NPs agglomerated forming clusters of white dots with flaky sheet-like structures.

Conclusion:

Magnetic stirring of NPs into polymer showed better surface homogeneity than the ultrasonic dispersion of NPs in monomer. The NP incorporation method plays a role in modifying the surface homogeneity of the acrylic.
Optimal execution of logical Hadamard with low‐space overhead in rotated surface code
Authors: Lee Sang‐Min , Jin Ki‐Sung , Oh Soo‐Cheol , On Jin‐Ho , Cha Gyu‐Il
Published: October 2024

Fault‐tolerant quantum computation requires error‐correcting codes that enable reliable universal quantum operations. This study introduces a novel approach that executes the logical Hadamard with low‐space requirements while preserving the original definition of logical operators within the framework of the rotated surface codes. Our method leverages a boundary deformation method to rotate the logical qubit transformed by transversal Hadamard. Following this, the original encoding of the logical qubit is reinstated through logical flip‐and‐shift operations. The estimated space–time cost for a logical Hadamard operation with a code distance d is 5d2 + 3d2. The efficiency enhancement of the proposed method is approximately four times greater than those of previous approaches, regardless of the code distance. Unlike the traditional method, implementing a logical Hadamard requires only two patches instead of seven. Furthermore, the proposed method ensures the parallelism of quantum circuits by preventing interferences between adjacent logical data qubits.
Burnout and Well-Being in Trainees: Findings From a National Survey of US Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents
Authors: Winkel Abigail Ford , Morgan Helen K. , Hammoud Maya M. , Schatzman-Bone Stephanie , Young Omar M. , Santen Sally , Banks Erika , George Karen
Published: October 2024

Background Despite national attention on resident well-being, challenges persist. Effective solutions require greater understanding of personal and program factors.

Objective To explore burnout, resilience, self-reported mental health, and perceptions of the learning environment in a national sample of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents.

Methods An observational cross-sectional survey of OB/GYN residents taking the January 2022 national in-training examination included an abbreviated 2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory, a short version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and subjective experience of other factors. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests explored differences in outcomes and associations between variables.

Results Among 5761 residents taking the examination, 3741 (64.9%) participated, with 2425 of 3741 (64.8%) reporting burnout, 2138 (57.2%) depression, 2651 (70.9%) anxiety, and 147 (3.9%) suicidal ideation. Women fared worse than men in terms of burnout (2105 of 3147, 66.9% vs 281 of 496, 56.7%, P<.001), depression (1843 of 3147, 58.6% vs 256 of 496, 51.6%, P=.004), anxiety (2318 of 3147, 73.7% vs 294 of 496, 59.3%, P<.001), and resilience (5.9±2.1 vs 6.2±2.1, P=.006). More nonbinary residents considered leaving residency (17 of 49, 34.7% vs 676 of 3147, 21.5% [women] and 108 of 496, 21.8% [men], P=.008). Race-based differences were seen in depression, suicidal ideation, and thoughts of leaving residency. Increased binge drinking was reported with increasing postgraduate year. Among 614 residents reporting that well-being was not a priority in their program, 539 of 614 (87.8%) reported burnout, 469 of 614 (76.4%) depression, and 508 of 614 (82.7%) anxiety.

Conclusions Residents report high rates of mental health concerns, and these are worse among women, gender nonconforming individuals, Black residents, and those who perceive well-being is not a priority in their training program.
Initial Experiences With a 2-Stage Residency Interview Process
Authors: Nimer Maisa , Lefevre Rachael , Clark Audra , Farr Deborah , Bhat Sneha , AbdelFattah Kareem
Published: October 2024

Background A drawback to interviews having largely become virtual is candidates’ difficulty sensing a program’s fit. Programs have offered nonevaluative second looks to address this. There is concern that in-person contact with candidates would still indirectly contribute to a candidate’s evaluation.

Objective We describe implementing an alternative interview structure to incorporate the benefits of virtual and in-person interviews, and describe preliminary feasibility and acceptability data.

Methods Our general surgery program selection process for the 2022-2023 application cycle included a first phase of holistic review and a second phase of interviews. The second phase had a first round of virtual interviews, then a second round of in-person interviews (with a virtual option). Only scores from the second interview were used in ranking. Prior to the Match, applicants and faculty were surveyed about the process.

Results All 1175 applications to the program were reviewed. Of those, 190 (16.2%) were invited to interview virtually; 188 of 190 (98.9%) completed the virtual interview. Eighty-two of 188 (43.6%) were invited for a second interview; 69 of 82 (84.1%) chose to interview in-person, and 13 of 82 (15.9%) interviewed virtually. Sixty-eight of 188 (36.2%) applicants responded to the survey. Sixty-three of 68 (92.6%) agreed the 2-stage interview process was fair, and 51 of 68 (75%) felt that nonevaluative second looks were not truly nonevaluative. Fifteen faculty spent 3 hours over 6 weeks in holistic review. Twenty-four faculty completed 6 days of interviews, each spending 2.5 to 3 hours per day. Twelve of 24 faculty (50%) responded to their survey, with all 12 stating they would participate again.

Conclusions A process of first-round virtual and second-round in-person interviews was feasible and perceived by applicants to be fair and beneficial.
Prognostic impact of diagnostic and therapeutic time delays in breast cancer: an exploratory data analysis for patients at Parirenyatwa Hospital, Zimbabwe
Authors: Saruchera Bester , Bodhlyera Oliver , Mwambi Henry , Ndlovu Ntokozo
Published: October 2024

Objective: This paper seeks to investigate factors related to time delays for diagnosis and treatment in breast cancer patients at Parirenyatwa Hospital in Zimbabwe and subsequently evaluate the effects of presentation and diagnosis delays on cancer stage.
Methods: The study was done for 379 patients with histologically diagnosed invasive breast cancer, from 2015 through to 2029. The study sought to identify factors associated with the time delays ( months)using parametric and non-parametric methods, depending on whether underlying assumptions of such tests are met. A multiple logistic regression model was also used to analyse the association between factors, primary delay, secondary delay variables and cancer stage.
Results: The median of the primary, secondary and treatment delay were found to be 7.6, 1 and 0.4 months respectively. Rural residence, Karnofsky Performance Score below 70%, hypertension comorbidity, tumor size (>5cm) and well differentiated tumors (grade 1) were significant factors for delayed presentation. Longer primary delay times and post-menopausal status were associated with secondary delay. Advanced cancer stage at diagnosis and those on medical aid were more likely to have a delay in treatment onset.
Conclusion: Primary and secondary delay were predictive of advanced disease using logistic regression.
Keywords: Breast cancer; primary delay; secondary delay; treatment delay; Zimbabwe.
The importance of blood parameters in the detection of intestinal metaplasia and early diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Kefeli Ayşe , Onayrılı Feyyaz , Gokcal Fahri
Published: October 2024

Background: We aimed to determine whether complete blood count(CBC) parameters, such as the white blood count(WBC), hemoglobin(Hb), platelet(PLT), red cell distribution width(RDW), mean platelet volume(MPV), platelet distribution width(PDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR), have a predictive value in the detection of gastric cancer(GC) and intestinal metaplasia(IM).
Methods: While proven GC, IM, and healthy control(HC) patients were included, patients with the comorbid disease were excluded, and univariate analyses compared three groups. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was run for CBC parameters. The area under the curve(AUC) was evaluated, and a cut-off value was determined. The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were considered.
Results: The GC, IM, and HC groups consisted of 72(33%), 73(34%), and 72(33%) patients, respectively. RDW, PLT, NLR, PLR, and MLR were significant between GC and IM. The highest AUC (0.727) was obtained for the PLT yielding a 56.9% sensitivity and 79.4% specificity at a cut-off value of 151.8. The AUC of RDW was found as 0.691 and 0.626 for pairwise comparisons of GC-HC and IM-HC, respectively. At a cut-off value of 13.4, PLR yielded 70.8% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity in the detection of GC, while 64.4% sensitivity and 51.1% specificity for IM.
Conclusion: CBC parameters, such as RDW, PLT, NLR, PLR, and MLR, have value in detecting GC. RDW also has diagnostic value in helping to detect IM. PLR can help to distinguish patients with GC from those with IM. These inexpensive, easily accessible parameters may help in the timely diagnosis of GC and IM.
Keywords: Gastric cancer; intestinal Metaplasia; Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio; red cell distribution; hemoglobin; platelet; neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; platelet-lymphocyte ratio; inflammation.
Relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Alizadeh Niloofar , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh , Maroufizadeh Saman
Published: October 2024

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety.A total of 237 pregnant women participated in this birth cohort study, using the sequential sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The PSQI was completed by the participants at 28 and 40 weeks of gestation, and the STAI was completed in two stages, that is, once in the third trimester and once at eight weeks postpartum.The mean global PSQI score of the participants was 8.11 (SD=5.41) in this study. Overall, 138 (58.2%) women had poor sleep quality. The mean score for overt anxiety was 36.58 (SD=9.37), and the mean score for latent anxiety was 37.56 (SD=9.44). There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of sleep quality during pregnancy and the scores of overt anxieties (r=0.314, P<0.001) and latent anxiety (r=0.344, P<0.001) after delivery.The results of the present study indicated a significant relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the quality of sleep of pregnant women and design appropriate interventions during pregnancy to reduce postpartum anxiety.
Keywords: Sleep; pregnant woman; postpartum period.
Experiences of community engagement for SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 community surveillance in a rural and urban population in South Western Uganda
Authors: Bukenya Dominic , Mpairwe Bernard , Naluwugge Ssentongo Josephine , Ssenyomo Gerald , Fox Julie , Newton Robert , Seeley Janet , Okello Mugisha Joseph
Published: October 2024

Background: We describe lessons learnt from community engagement activities for the successful implementation of a COVID-19 community surveillance study in Kalungu district, south-western Uganda.
Methods: One rural and one urban site were selected for COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 community surveillance in selected households and three public health facilities. COVID-19 pandemic and national COVID-19 protection measures were described and explained in meetings with: district, sub-county/town, village council officials, religious leaders, health workers and Community Advisory Board members. The community surveillance study was introduced to the meeting attendees and minutes captured in English/Luganda (subsequently translated to English). All minutes were manually coded and analysed thematically.
Results: The minutes revealed that community members were generally supportive of the COVID-19 surveillance study. Members requested wider communities’ sensitisation about COVID-19 and the survey beyond the selected households. Misinformation and mistrust of Government statements were widespread. People in the community did not understand the `random sample’ selection for the study. Providing appropriate medical care, face masks and honouring appointments for study participants and ensuring that COVID-19 prevention measures were followed during the study improved participation.
Conclusion: Successful COVID-19 community surveillance required continuous, active community engagement between the research team, and community stakeholders while maximising previous gains and exploiting existing resources.
Keywords: SARS-COV-2; COVID-19; community engagement; surveillance; acceptability; East Africa.
Guidelines to manage women with infertility: an e-Delphi study
Authors: Deborah Armah , Van der Wath Annatjie , Yazbek Mariatha , Naab Florence
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The psychosocial health problems associated with infertility is compounded in African women when prevailing cultural expectations emphasize the value of parenthood. Despite the social stigma these women endure, they are still mostly managed from a biomedical approach, especially in Ghana, the context of the study.
Objective: This study explored the views of a panel of experts to reach consensus on holistic guidelines to manage women with infertility in Ghana.
Methods: An e-Delphi technique was employed to retrieve information using a panel of 20 experts. Data collection was conducted in two rounds, and each participating expert was emailed the preliminary guidelines to rate based on certain criteria. Data analysis was done in accordance with the expert participants’ rating of and comments on the guidelines.
Results: The final guidelines for holistic healthcare to manage women with infertility include the following interventions: Holistic healthcare assessment, psychological interventions, health education, spiritual support, relevant support from significant others; all within a therapeutic relationship.
Conclusion: When healthcare providers use the final set of guidelines to manage women diagnosed with infertility, these women will receive holistic healthcare to attain optimal health and improved chances of conceiving.
Keywords: Holistic approach; e-Delphi technique; psychosocial interventions; infertility.
A unique approach for investigating skin lesions and their relationship with TCM syndrome differentiation in alopecia areata
Authors: Zhang Xianzhe , Zhang Man , Guo Wen , Guo Jianhui
Published: October 2024

Background: Alopecia areata is also known as ‘oil wind’ in Chinese medicine. Alopecia areata is a debilitating autoimmune skindisease characterized by patches of non-scarring hair loss and inflammation that damages the scalp and body hair in a variable,often relapsing or permanent fashion. It is not quite obvious how the various Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes differentiate between the skin lesions under dermatoscopy caused by alopecia areata.
Objective: This study aimed to provide a rational basis for TCM syndrome differentiation of alopecia areata and investigate the role of skin lesions in various TCM syndromes of alopecia areata under dermatoscopy.
Methods: The dermatologist used a dermatoscope to take four images of the patient's skin lesion area and the skin lesion junction. Two of the images were captured with polarized light, while the other two were taken with non-polarized light. Patients with alopecia areata who had TCM syndrome differentiation were identified and examined using dermatoscopy. The occurrence of the yellow dot, white dot, exclamation mark hair and vascular sign, was determined and then statistically analyzed.
Results: The positive rates of vascular signs relate to alopecia areata, exclamation mark hair relates to Qi-blood deficiency and white dot corresponded to liver and kidney deficiency. All the positive rates were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared to vascular sign, white dot sign, and Qi-blood deficiency syndrome groups, the positive rate of yellow dot syndrome was not significant (P>0.05)
Conclusion: The findings suggest that particular skin lesions contribute to differentiating different TCM syndromes associated with alopecia areata. Skin lesions examined under dermatoscopy can assist in diagnosing the TCM syndromes associated with alopecia areata.
Keywords: Dermatoscopic signs; Alopecia areata; TCM syndromes; Qi and blood deficiency; Liver and kidney deficiency.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumonia in Nigeria
Authors: Kelechi Ezeh Christian , Chinonso Digwo Daniel , Amara Okeke Irene , Chidinma Elebe Prisca , Onyedikachi Ezeh Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background: Rapid emergence and proliferation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) constitute a serious health problem globally.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-KP and ESBL genes in Nigeria.
Methods: A quantitative method (Meta-analysis) design was used to summarize pooled results of primary studies. Different databases [Google Scholar, PubMed, and African Journal Online (AJOL)] were searched for relevant studies. Meta-analysis was done using random-effects model. I2 and Egger test was used to ascertain heterogeneity and publication bias evaluation.
Results: Eighteen observational studies were selected and the pooled prevalence of ESBL-KP in Nigeria was 47.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 37 – 58%]. Among the genes encoding ESBL, OXA had the highest pooled prevalence in the selected studies [57% (95% CI 32, 76)], followed by TEM [55% (95% CI 36, 70)], CTX-M [54% (95% CI 38, 70)], and 41% (95% CI 27, 57). Heterogeneity tests (I2) was observed to be between 69.22 and 95.63 % for ESBL-KP and ESBL genes in the studies. Egger tests showed no publication bias (0.09 – 0.99).
Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of ESBL-KP is increasing in Nigeria. Hence, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures for the prevention and spread of these strains be implemented.
Keywords: Extended spectrum beta-latamase; Klebsiella Pneumonia; meta-analysis; Nigeria.
The predictive value of PCT, SP-D and 8-iso-PGF2 α for the development of severe pneumonia in children
Authors: Zhang Guiying , Hu Yang , Huang Bo , Gao Hongliang , Zhu Mengsha
Published: October 2024

Background: To investigate the predictive value of predictive value of procalcitonin (PCT), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PG-F2α) and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D) for the development of severe pneumonia in children.
Methodology: Children with severe pneumonia were selected as the pneumonia group, and children with non-pulmonary respiratory diseases were selected as the control group. PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D were compared between the pneumonia group and the control group at admission; PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, SP-D, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II), Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) scores were compared between children with severe pneumonia with different pathogen infection types and different prognostic outcomes; and the correlation between APACHE-II, CPIS, and PCIS scores and PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D levels was analysed in children with severe pneumonia.
Results: PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α and SP-D in pneumonia group were higher than those in control group. PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, SP-D, APACHE-II, CPIS, and PCIS were lower in good prognosis children than in poor prognosis children. APACHE-II, CPIS, and PCIS scores were positively correlated with PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D levels in children with severe pneumonia (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: PCT, SP-D and 8-iso-PGF2α levels relate to pathogen type, illness severity and prognosis in children with severe pneumonia. They can aiding early evaluation.
Keywords: severe pneumonia in children; procalcitonin; 8-isoprostane F2α; pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D; disease assessment.
Global Sensitivity Analysis and Surrogate Models for Evaluation of Limit States in Steel Truss Structures
Authors: Kala Zdeněk
Published: October 2024

This article presents the global sensitivity analysis of the serviceability limit state of a steel truss using Monte Carlo simulations. The focus is on the probabilistic assessment of deflection, with failure probability defined as the likelihood of exceeding the deflection limit. Deflection is computed using the beam finite element method. A surrogate model is introduced to reduce computational costs. By integrating the surrogate and original models, significant CPU cost reductions are achieved. Furthermore, classical Sobol sensitivity analysis is used to examine the model outputs and analyze the significance of member loading and stiffness on the deflection. This study advances the use of surrogate models in global sensitivity analysis, enhancing computational efficiency and the understanding of interactions between input variables in the reliability assessment of steel truss structures.
Defasagem do BIM para infraestrutura de transportes: estudo comparativo com o setor de edificações
Authors: Nielsen Otto Araujo , Otranto Rafael Barbosa , Miceli junior Giuseppe , Ferreira Filho Altair dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Este artigo propõe uma análise sistemática e quantitativa para estimar a defasagem da implementação do Building Information Modeling (BIM) entre os setores de infraestrutura de transporte e edificações. Embora haja ampla divulgação sobre a extensão da defasagem da metodologia BIM no contexto da infraestrutura de transporte, nenhum estudo forneceu uma abordagem detalhada e baseada em dados para estimar esse atraso. Adotou-se o conceito das Noteworthy BIM Publications (NBP) ou, em português, Notáveis Publicações de BIM, como base para a análise. O método consistiu em uma busca realizada utilizando fontes abertas de pesquisa, explorando sites de organizações governamentais e privadas, conferências e periódicos especializados. Motivado pela lacuna existente na literatura, este estudo busca fornecer uma análise comparativa entre os setores em apreço. Os resultados revelam que há uma diferença de 4,7 anos na adoção e implementação da metodologia BIM entre os dois setores, destacando as diferenças significativas e analisando fatores que possam ter contribuído para essa disparidade. Neste intuito, esta pesquisa visa contribuir para uma compreensão mais profunda dos desafios enfrentados na implementação do BIM e fornecer ensinamentos que proporcionem melhoria na gestão e no planejamento de projetos de infraestrutura de transportes.
Avaliação do desempenho acústico de um escritório de planta livre construído com madeira engenheirada
Authors: Scoczynski Ribeiro Rodrigo , Andrade Fernanda Horst , Catai Rodrigo Eduardo , Braz-César Manuel Teixeira , Silva Dyorgge Alves
Published: October 2024

A busca por materiais de construção sustentáveis é uma discussão global, e a madeira surge como uma opção viável ao aço e ao concreto devido à sua natureza renovável. A madeira pode ser transformada em "madeira engenheirada" por meio de processos físico-químicos, tornando-a capaz de substituir materiais convencionais na construção.  O MDP (Medium Density Particleboard) é um compósito de madeira engenheirada utilizado na indústria moveleira, tendo sua aplicação na construção civil pouco explorada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho acústico de um escritório de planta livre com elementos de vedações em MDP utilizando os parâmetros acústicos objetivos da norma ISO 3382-3:2022. A pesquisa também apresenta a avaliação do isolamento acústico entre salas de reunião separadas por uma vedação vertical inovadora de painéis em MDP estruturados por perfis de aço cujas medições ocorreram por meio das normas ABNT NBR ISO 3382-2:2017 e ABNT NBR ISO 16283-1:2018. As medições foram realizadas no escritório do Cilla Tech Park, localizado na cidade de Guarapuava-PR e os resultados indicam que os ambientes possuem boas qualidades acústicas conforme as normativas vigentes.
Tecnologia de contenção: inovação com anéis hexagonais e blocos de concreto pré-moldados
Authors: De Castro Lins Emille Cristine , Lima Alisson Cavalcante , Monteiro Roberto dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a tecnologia de contenção da erosão marítima aplicada na orla de Maceió, utilizando a metodologia holandesa com blocos maciços e anéis hexagonais de concreto pré-moldado, sem a necessidade de ferragens. Maceió enfrenta desafios com o avanço do mar sobre o continente, agravados pelo déficit sedimentar e variações meteorológicas que resultam em ressacas frequentes e danos às infraestruturas urbanas, além da perda de vegetação devido a atividades humanas ao longo da costa. Em resposta a esse cenário, foram conduzidos estudos para mitigar os impactos da erosão marítima e conter o avanço do mar. Entre as abordagens consideradas estão o uso de gabiões, enrocamento com pedra granilítica, muros de arrimo, bagwall, sandbags e agora a implementação de anéis hexagonais e blocos maciços de concreto como medidas de contenção costeira. A utilização dos anéis hexagonais e dos blocos maciços visa dissipar eficientemente a energia das ondas e atuar como barreiras físicas para desacelerar a erosão e proteger o solo costeiro. Essa estratégia multifacetada representa uma alternativa promissora para enfrentar os desafios da erosão costeira na orla de Maceió.
Uma avaliação da usabilidade de softwares de simulação da iluminação natural aplicados em pesquisa
Authors: Barbosa Bruno Nádia Milena , Carvalho Cabús Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Os softwares de simulação da iluminação natural apresentam características específicas, sendo a confiabilidade dos dados gerados e a forma de interação fatores que influenciam na escolha do usuário sobre um desses softwares, o que confere à usabilidade um papel fundamental. Neste estudo, o objetivo é verificar a prática do uso de softwares em pesquisa científica por meio do levantamento de dados bibliográficos dos artigos publicados no ENTAC e no ENCAC. Decidiu-se por explorar todas as edições desses eventos até 2020, totalizando 33 edições e 194 artigos válidos para o estudo. Foram averiguados: dados de entrada, processamento e dados de saída. Na análise estatística, optou-se pelo cálculo da média e a comparação entre proporções. Constatou-se um incremento no uso da simulação computacional na última década e foram apontadas como tendências a simulação em malha e a utilização de métricas anualizadas, bem como o uso de plug in para a integração do software à plataforma BIM. A análise das interfaces fomenta os usuários com informações que incluem a confiabilidade em um conjunto que visa revelar também a qualidade da interação do usuário com o software.
Método multicritério ELECTRE III para ordenação de métodos de compressão de projeto
Authors: Alves Andreia Cardoso , Campos Vanessa Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

O trabalho está relacionado com um problema de ordenação de quatro métodos de compressão de projetos, a saber: fast tracking, superlotação, horas extras e shift work. O uso destes métodos visa reduzir o prazo de projetos da construção civil ou recuperar prazo de projetos que apresentem atraso. Esta pesquisa utiliza o caso real de uma Subestação Coletora de Energia 34,5/230kV e busca apresentar uma ordenação do melhor para o pior método de compressão de projetos, tendo em vista as preferências de um decisor. Os quatro métodos foram avaliados à luz de critérios de produtividade, custo, segurança do trabalho e qualidade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com apoio do método multicritério ELECTRE III. Os resultados demonstraram que a técnica fast tracking foi a que apresentou melhor posicionamento, na ordenação, dentre o conjunto de técnicas analisadas. Superlotação e shift work ocuparam a segunda posição. O emprego de horas extras, por sua vez, assumiu a última posição na ordenação; sendo, por conseguinte, a alternativa com menor capacidade de responder de forma efetiva aos critérios analisados.
Investigação da influência da incorporação de PCMs no conforto térmico em escritórios no Brasil
Authors: Adams Érika , Alcanfor Caique , Menezes Oliveira Matheus , De Carvalho Lucarelli Caio , Carlo Joyce , Cardoso Mendes Beatryz
Published: October 2024

Os Materiais de Mudança de Fase (PCMs) potencialmente aumentam a inércia térmica de ambientes quando a adoção de materiais pesados, com alta capacidade térmica, é restrita. Ademais, sua utilização pode promover atraso e amortecimento térmico e ampliar o conforto térmico de usuários. Esse artigo objetiva investigar a influência mensal de PCMs em paredes internas de uma tipologia de escritório. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir de simulação termoenergética no EnergyPlus e utilizou um ambiente teórico típico de escritório com aproximadamente 50m² e naturalmente ventilado. Os PCMs avaliados são comercializados pela Rubitherm e apresentam temperaturas de mudança de fase entre 18 e 35°C. Foi analisado o impacto de cada PCM nos níveis de conforto mensal dos usuários em seis cidades nas oito Zonas Bioclimáticas Brasileiras (ZBs). Os resultados indicaram uma maior redução das horas em desconforto térmico para o PCM com temperatura de mudança de fase de 21°C em cidades das ZBs 1 a 5. Também foi possível concluir que o efeito do PCM se torna mais expressivo quando as temperaturas médias e mínimas médias mensais alcançam valores próximos ou abaixo de 20°C.
O programa arquitetônico e suas influências nos sistemas ativos de segurança contra incêndio
Authors: Dantas Pedro Henrique Matias , Pinto Edna Moura
Published: October 2024

O arquiteto desempenha um papel crucial no planejamento de espaços que garantam a incorporação adequada das medidas de segurança contra incêndio (SCI), tanto ativas quanto passivas. No entanto, é comum que os arquitetos se concentrem nas medidas passivas, relacionadas diretamente à forma da edificação, negligenciando as medidas ativas, que são frequentemente deixadas para etapas posteriores do projeto. Essa prática pode resultar na falta de integração dos sistemas ativos no planejamento inicial, levando a custos adicionais e à necessidade de adaptações posteriores. Diante desse cenário, este estudo visa identificar, dentro do programa arquitetônico, os atributos que antecipem a necessidade de proteção ativa, com foco específico no sistema de hidrantes em edifícios comerciais do tipo atacarejo. A pesquisa utiliza uma metodologia que combina revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica de programas e projetos arquitetônicos, identificando as lacunas no projeto inicial em relação às expectativas de segurança. Os resultados demonstram que a ausência de consideração das medidas ativas desde a concepção original do projeto gerou a necessidade de alterações substanciais. Este estudo reforça a importância do programa arquitetônico como uma ferramenta fundamental para prever e implementar medidas protetivas ativas, garantindo maior eficiência e segurança na operação das edificações.
Resiliência, ampliabilidade e sistemas construtivos em habitações sociais: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Otoni Maria Eliza de Freitas , Villa Simone Barbosa
Published: October 2024

Este artigo deriva de pesquisa de mestrado que objetiva avaliar a relação entre a ampliabilidade e o sistema construtivo em habitações sociais (HS), visando a promoção da resiliência no ambiente construído. O estudo busca analisar como o sistema construtivo interfere na realização de ampliações e reformas em HS, que, em sua maioria, são feitas sem supervisão técnica, ocasionando diversas patologias e problemas de saúde aos moradores. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi: (i) revisão bibliográfica, (ii) pesquisa empírica e (iii) proposição de soluções. Este artigo foca na etapa (i), especificamente na revisão sistemática da literatura. O estudo visa o entendimento, com bases científicas, do estado da arte dos conceitos envolvidos no estudo, visando a identificação de lacunas do conhecimento e da consolidação de vertentes do tema. A análise revelou que, embora a resiliência atualmente seja amplamente discutida, há um hiato na literatura quanto à correlação entre HS e sua resiliência com o sistema construtivo rígido no qual essas edificações são executadas. Compreender que as HS precisam ser adaptáveis no ambiente construído é fundamental para torná-las resilientes.
A Desigual oferta de equipamentos públicos de educação na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Moraes Gabriel Maggio , Regina de Castro Marins Karin
Published: October 2024

O acesso a equipamentos públicos de educação é um direito social dos cidadãos assegurado pela Constituição Federal e alinhado aos objetivos de uma urbanização inclusiva. Dada a importância em se qualificar e quantificar a oferta de equipamentos públicos em áreas urbanas nas cidades brasileiras, este trabalho visa analisar a distribuição de escolas públicas de ensino infantil e fundamental na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento, são mapeados os pontos de interesse e avaliados mapas de estimação de densidade por kernel, referentes a densidade de matrículas e taxas de escolarização bruta por distrito. Os resultados indicam que os distritos periféricos do município de São Paulo concentram a maior quantidade de escolas públicas, com destaque a Itaim Paulista e Campo Limpo. Em contrapartida, as áreas centrais do município de São Paulo possuem os menores resultados dos indicadores avaliados, com taxas de escolarização bruta abaixo de 1,0. O estudo contribui na determinação das relações de oferta e demanda para a implantação de equipamentos públicos de educação, evidenciando as desigualdades no acesso a serviços na RMSP.
A inserção das demandas dos idosos no planejamento da adaptação ao clima: uma revisão
Authors: Salvalaio Renata Cerqueira do Nascimento , Pereira Guilherme Paulo , Alvarez Cristina Engel de
Published: October 2024

Observam-se atualmente dois fenômenos cujos impactos impõem novos desafios às cidades: mudanças climáticas e envelhecimento populacional. Ao analisar essas duas tendências convergentes, questiona-se como as cidades vêm se adaptando aos cenários de mudanças climáticas dentro de uma agenda inclusiva aos idosos, considerados um dos grupos mais vulneráveis a esses eventos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar como estão sendo desenvolvidas as estratégias de adaptação e como os idosos estão sendo inseridos nesse planejamento, a partir da análise de Planos de Ação Climática de cidades latino-americanas. O resultado mostra uma tendência no emprego de estratégias ao mesmo tempo mitigadoras e adaptativas, em especial aquelas direcionadas à ampliação e requalificação de áreas verdes urbanas. Verifica-se, no entanto, uma lacuna no que se refere à inserção das demandas de grupos vulneráveis na etapa de elaboração dos planos e, consequentemente, em ações específicas que atendam às suas necessidades. Os resultados podem contribuir para evidenciar a importância do planejamento de ações climáticas que permitam que grupos vulneráveis desenvolvam capacidades para enfrentar eventos extremos.
Gamificação no Ensino da Engenharia Civil
Authors: Nunes Amélia Gomes , Souza Luana de Jesus , Teodósio Pamella Menezes , Torres Taiane Aparecida Santos , Santos Henrique Rodrigues , Ferreira Jennifer Artur de Souza , Souza Sara Araújo de , Santos Débora de Gois
Published: October 2024

A gamificação tem se mostrado um método alternativo para o ensino da engenharia civil, especialmente em disciplinas nas quais as práticas são de difícil vivência durante a graduação, como o planejamento e a gestão. Diante dos jogos existentes na literatura, optou-se pela aplicação de um jogo para ensino da técnica da linha de balanço em duas turmas distintas: uma composta por estudantes da disciplina de gerenciamento de obras e outra formada por estudantes na fase inicial do curso. O objetivo do estudo foi coletar informações relevantes para o aprimoramento do jogo aplicado, com base nas diferenças observadas entre os dois grupos de participantes. Entre as principais diferenças identificadas, constatou-se que os discentes menos experientes demonstraram maior atenção às regras, mas menor capacidade de divisão de tarefas e pior desempenho. Por outro lado, os discentes mais avançados no curso exibiram maior habilidade na resolução de problemas, melhor desempenho nas tarefas propostas e maior conhecimento de suas lideranças. Este estudo evidencia a importância da adaptação e aprimoramento constante das ferramentas alternativas aplicadas no ensino da engenharia, tendo em vista o público-alvo.
Integração BIM-FM para manutenção de edifícios históricos
Authors: Barreto Pablo Henrique Neves , Groetelaars Natalie Johanna
Published: October 2024

O artigo apresenta uma proposição de fluxo de trabalho para integração de informações BIM-FM em edificações históricas. Trata-se de uma lacuna de conhecimento, dadas às especificidades das edificações históricas em relação às novas construções, à necessidade de um levantamento, registro e acesso adequado de informações, tanto geométricas (com suas singularidades, irregularidades etc.) quanto semânticas (como dados históricos, materiais, estado de conservação). A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo de caso e experimentação prática em casarão histórico da UFBA, incluindo levantamento de dados, modelagem BIM e enriquecimento semântico no Revit, e exportação do modelo para o Dalux FM, junto a testes de interoperabilidade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram comprovar as potencialidades dessas tecnologias para registro, análise, gerenciamento de demandas de manutenção, programação e execução de serviços, bem como possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de trabalho para a integração de informações BIM-FM. Destaca-se a relevância desse estudo para profissionais e pesquisadores da área BIM-FM, especialmente voltada à gestão de manutenção de edificações históricas.
Obtenção de UHPC utilizando sílica e RBMG
Authors: Maciel Priscila de Souza , Silva Maria Luiza Malta da Rocha , Silva Celiane Mendes da , Leite Júlio César Martiniano , Gomes Paulo Cesar Correia
Published: October 2024

O concreto de ultra alto desempenho (ultra-high performance concrete - UHPC) é um concreto especial de alta durabilidade que se destaca por sua resistência à compressão superior a 120 MPa. Isso se deve à sua estrutura densa e baixa porosidade. O uso de sílica e fíler (Resíduo de Beneficiamento de Mármore e Granito - RBMG) visa evitar lacunas entre as curvas granulométricas dos componentes, melhorando suas propriedades. Este trabalho estudou dosagens de UHPC, com variação da porcentagem de superplastificante e sílica e uso de RBMG, para atingir os parâmetros mínimos normativos de classificação do UHPC aos 56 dias. No estado fresco foi estudado o espalhamento, e no endurecido, a resistência à compressão e à tração na flexão. Conclui-se que o melhor desempenho foi do traço com 50% de RBMG, 20% de sílica e 1,5% de superplastificante, que exibiu valores mínimos de espalhamento, resistência à tração e à compressão aos 56 dias, atingindo 130 MPa à compressão aos 91 dias, notando-se o potencial do uso da sílica e do RBMG em UHPCs.