bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machinability evaluation of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V obtained by EBM for functional part at medical application
Authors: Festas António , Ramos A. , Davim J. P.
Published: November 2021

The potential and advantages revealed by the application of 3D manufacturing techniques such as Electron Beam Melting (EBM) in the production of medical devices such as orthopaedic implants are increasing manly in custom made devices. However, the use of milling and turning operations are indispensable on surfaces where surface finish and dimensional accuracy have more demanding requirements. This work aims to evaluate the machinability of titanium alloy test samples submitted to turning operations, to obtain the geometry of a functional cone of the modular component of the hip prosthesis. The differences in cutting forces and surface finish obtained in the turning tests are compared between a wrought Ti-6Al-4V test sample and three obtained by EBM with different thicknesses. To perform the tests, a constant cutting speed of 60m/min was used, feed of 0.1 and 0.2mm/rev and ap of 0.15mm. The cutting forces were measured for each test, also the roughness was measured in the form of Ra, Rt and RzD in each test sample. From the results obtained, EBM test samples presented higher roughness values and lower resulting cutting forces. In both materials, the effect of feed rate is visible. When machining a cone, the passive force and the cutting force become the most influential forces. Generally, when the feed rate value was doubled, the resulting machining forces value increased up to about 50% for both types of materials and the Ra value to approximately 200%. The EBM technology as used form medical devices allow good quality surfaces as the wrought titanium alloy.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Soft Tissues in Hyperdivergent Skeletal Class II Females in Guangdong
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Deng Jianqing , Wen Zhaoxiang , Chen Zhengyuan , Gan Liyi , Zheng Jinxuan , Wu Liping
Published: November 2021

Background: To establish the three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of adolescent and adult females in the Guangdong ethnic group and to study the morphological characteristics of hyperdivergent skeletal class Ⅱ females in Guangdong compared with the characteristics of normal groups.Materials and Methods: The 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11–14 years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18–30 years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.Results: The linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents. However, the angular and ratio measurements had little difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: The three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in height, width and depth, suggesting that from the adolescent to adult period, facial soft tissue grows in three dimensions. However, the facial convexity and proportional relationships were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms “long, convex, and narrow”, which was similar to the hard tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II seen in previous studies. Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.
Influence of Variation in Oxide layer Thickness on Analog and RF performances of SOI FinFET
Authors: Tripathy Dhananjaya , Acharya Debiprasad Priyabrata , Rout Prakash Kumar
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the influence of oxide (SiO2) layer thickness on the different figure of merits of a FinFET is analysed by varying the oxide layer thickness which is present between the gate and the Fin. Here, the overall thickness of the FinFET is taken to be 30nm, and the oxide (SiO2) layer thickness is changed from 0.8 nm to 3nm, and the analog, radio frequency parameters are determined for different structures. The performance parameters like drain current (ID), transconductance generation factor (TGF), transconductance (gm), output conductance (gds), parasitic capacitances like Cgs, Cgd, Cgg, cut-off frequency (fT), gain bandwidth product (GBW) and maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) are calculated to learn the influence of variation in the FinFET oxide (SiO2) layer thickness. It is detected from the result and analysis that the drain current, output conductance, transconductance generation factor, transconductance and gain bandwidth product improve with decrement in oxide layer thickness. But as a tradeoff, the internal capacitances like Cgs, Cgd, Cgg, maximum frequency of oscillation and cut-off frequency degrade when there is a reduction in oxide (SiO2) layer thickness.
Seasonal Extreme Rainfall Over Indian Monsoon Region: A Moisture Budget Analysis to Distinguish the Role of ENSO and non-ENSO Forcing
Authors: Dhakate Ashish R , Pillai Prasanth A.
Published: November 2021

Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) variability of ±10% of its long-term mean leads to flood and drought, affecting the life and economic situation of the country. It is already established that the interannual variability of ISMR is influenced by large scale boundary forcing such as SST anomalies of tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The ISMR association between Pacific SST anomalies in the form of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is only studied in detail. Meanwhile, the present and previous studies show that the ENSO accounts for around 50% of the extreme years, while the other half is associated with other processes. A differentiation between extremes induced by ENSO and non-ENSO processes are attempted here with the help of moisture and moist static energy budget. The significant contribution to the rainfall extremes comes from moisture advection induced by anomalous winds generated by the boundary forcing and the secondary contribution from moisture convergence. For the non-ENSO cases, there is a contribution from local fluxes, which are not prominent in the cases of ENSO induced cases. In the ENSO cases, anomalous winds are from the equatorial central Pacific, while EQWIN/IOD cases influence extremes through the local evaporation and moisture advection from the Indian Ocean. Extreme years independent of ENSO/IOD/ EQWIN have moisture advection from the anomalous winds across Africa and the Atlantic and are associated with moisture advection toward the northern parts of India. These differences in moisture processes are responsible for the difference in rainfall distribution over India also.
Physicochemical, Functional and Bioactive Properties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Pods Microwave and Convective Dried Powders
Authors: Hadjout Lynda , Dahmoune Farid , Hentabli Mohamed , Spigno Giorgia , Madani Khodir
Published: November 2021

As the primary by‐product of pea processing industry, pea pods represent a rich source of various high-value molecules. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of nine different microwave output powers (200 to 1000 W) and five different ventilated oven temperatures (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 °C) on the quality of pea pod such as physical-chemical (water activity, total color change), functional properties (water retention capacities and swelling capacity) and bioactive properties (total phenolic content, total ﬂavonoid content and antioxidant capacity). The results show that microwave drying reduced significantly the drying time. Convective drying led to a greater color change than microwave drying. Convective drying at 80 °C for 135.33 min appeared the best process in terms of functional properties giving the highest values of water retention capacity and swelling capacity. Both microwave and convective drying methods could increase phenolic and antioxidant compounds content of pea pods. It was suggested that the microwave method can be a promising technology for drying the pea pods due to the shorter drying time, and higher product quality.
TÜRK MEDENÎ KANUNU’NA GÖRE VAKIFLARDA AMACIN DEĞİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: SARIKAYA Murat
Published: November 2021

TMK m.113/I hükmü, vakıf tüzel kişiliğinde amaç değişikliğinin koşullarını düzenlemektedir. Yine amacın gerçekleşmesini önemli ölçüde güçleştiren veya engelleyen koşulların ve yüklemelerin kaldırılması veya değiştirilmesi de aynı hükme tabi kılınmıştır (TMK m.113/II). Çalışmada, vakıf tüzel kişiliği bakımından amaç kavramının anlam ve önemi açıklandıktan sonra, amaç değişikliğinin koşulları maddi ve şekli yönden ayrı ayrı incelenmektedir. Keza vakıfta amaç değişikliğine gidilen hâllerde yeni amacın belirlenme yöntemi, amaç değişikliğinin sonuçları ve sınırları üzerinde de durulmaktadır. TMK m.113/II hükmü uyarınca kaldırılması veya değiştirilmesi söz konusu olan koşul ve yükleme kavramlarından ne anlaşılması gerektiği çalışmada ele alınan bir diğer konudur. Bunun ötesinde, İsviçre Medenî Kanunu’nun ilgili düzenlemeleri bağlamında amaç değişikliğine ilişkin özellik arz eden durumlar olarak vakfedenin amacı değiştirme hakkı (Art. 86a ZGB) ve esaslı olmayan vakıf senedi değişiklikleri (Art. 86b ZGB) temel hatlarıyla açıklanmaktadır. Nihayet çalıştırılanlara ve işçilere yardım vakıflarında yararlananların vakıftan yararlanma koşullarında yapılacak değişiklikler (TMK m.110/V) özel olarak incelenmektedir.
Biased Random-key Genetic Algorithm for theHybrid Vehicle-drone Routing Problem for Pick-upand Delivery
Authors: Zudio Anderson , Coelho Igor Machado , Ochi Luiz Satoru
Published: November 2021

The Hybrid Vehicle drone Routing Problem (HVDRP) was recently introduced as an extension of the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). In this version, one vehicle is equipped with multiple drones to serve customers with demands for pick-up and delivery. The vehicle travels between stations that serve as parking locations to dispatch drones to attend clients. The drones have limitations in their maximum flight range and carrying capacity. We propose a BRKGA algorithm to solve HVDRP with a decoder component specially tailored to find feasible solutions. The proposed method is empirically analyzed in solution quality through a test set that a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model implementation can optimally solve in reasonable computation time. The computational result shows that the best solution found by BRKGA for each instance of the test set matches the solution quality devised by the MIP implementation. The data also show that the proposed algorithm achieves the best solution consistently through many independent executions. The instance set used and its respective best solutions attained for this work are publicly available.
The Nomadic People Optimizer applied to the economic dispatch problem with prohibited operating zones
Authors: Nepomuceno Lucas Santiago , Silva Gabriel Schreider , Oliveira Edimar Jose , Paula Arthur Neves , Belati Edmarcio Antonio
Published: November 2021

This work proposes the application of the Nomadic People Optimizer (NPO) to solve the economic dispatch problem considering Prohibitive Operating Zones (POZ). The NPO is a swarm-based metaheuristic recently introduced in the literature and still under-explored. In addition, the POZ increase the difficulties to find the optimal solution of the economic dispatch problem. The performance of the proposed methodology is compared with others metaheuristics present in the literature. Also, a sensibility analysis was performed. The NPO performed better than Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) metaheuristics in solving the problem.
Optimal location of pumping wells by a mesh-free numerical method
Authors: Abdi Masuod , Ebrahimi Hossein , Akbarpour Abolfazl
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the optimal place to excavate extraction wells as the drawdown is minimized was investigated in a real aquifer. Meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method was used as the simulation method. The closeness of its results to the observational data compared to the finite difference solution showed the higher accuracy of this method with a root mean square error for MLPG of 0.757 m compared to the finite difference which equaled 1.197 m. Particle warm algorithm was used as the optimization model. The objective function was defined as the summation of the absolute values of difference between the groundwater level before abstraction and the groundwater level after abstraction from wells. In the Birjand aquifer, which was investigated in transient state, the value of objective function before applying the optimization model was 2.808 m, while in the optimal condition it reached 1.329 m (47% reduction in drawdown). This was investigated and observed in three piezometers. In the first piezometer, the drawdown before and after model enforcement was 0.007 m and 0.003 m, respectively. This reduction occurred in other piezometers as well.
Lipid role in the immune system
Authors:   AOCS, Guenard Rebecca
Published: November 2021

The essential fatty acids react with enzymes to produce a group of compounds known as specialized pro-resolving mediators, or SPMs. Researchers continually discover new members of the four groups of precursors that comprise the SPM family, called lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These stereospecific molecules shut down inflammation and restore the body to homeostasis, a mechanism researchers are targeting for treatment as an alternative to anti-inflammatory pathways.
3-6 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARININ ANNELERİNİN COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN ÇOCUK HAKLARINA ETKİSİNE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Sert Esra , Bağçeli Kahraman Pınar
Published: November 2021

Çocukların gelişiminde anne baba en önemli kişilerdir. Bu çalışmada, 3-6 yaş çocukların annelerinin Covid-19 pandemisinin çocuk haklarına etkisine yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya, Bursa ilinde yaşayan 3-6 yaş çocuğu olan 25 anne katılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarında anneler pandemiyi daha çok hastalık olarak tanımlamış ve pandemiden korunmak için maske, mesafe, hijyenden yararlandıklarını ifade etmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde okula yönelik etkinliklerde uzaktan eğitim, aktivite kitapları, sanat etkinlikleri ve kitap okuma ile gelişimlerini desteklediklerini dile getirmiştir. Ailecek daha çok geleneksel oyunları tercih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Anneler çocukların dışarı çıkıp gezme, oyun oynama, karar verme ve fikirlerini söyleme, sağlık, korunma, eğitim, özgürlük, yaşama, sosyalleşme haklarının olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Saat kısıtlamaları nedeniyle dışarıya çıkamadıklarını, okula gidemediklerini ve bundan dolayı eğitim haklarının ihmal edildiğini, sosyalleşme haklarının etkilendiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bazı anneler Mart ayında daha çok etkinlik yaptıklarını, bazıları ise bu dönemde daha çok etkinlik yaptıklarını ifade etmişlerdir.
EĞİTİMDE FİLM KULLANIMININ ÖNEMİ
Authors: Kurtdaş Emine Meliha
Published: November 2021

Bir bireyin içine doğduğu grubun veya toplumun bir parçası olma süreci sosyalleşme olarak adlandırılır ve bu süreçte eğitimin önemli bir yeri vardır. Büyük ya da küçük, geleneksel ya da modern her toplum bu süreçte üyelerinden mümkün olduğu kadar çok katkı sağlamasını bekler. Ancak bu tek yönlü bir süreç ya da beklenti değildir. Özellikle modern dünyada kurumsallaşan ve örgütlü bir yapı içerisinde gerçekleşen örgün eğitim öncelikli olarak toplumun ihtiyaçlarına uygun niteliklere sahip bireyler yetiştirme görevini üstlenmiştir. Bu nedenle modern dünyada örgün eğitim kurumları içinde verilen eğitimin niteliği ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Ancak verilen eğitimin niteliği, şekli, süresi vb. özellikleri toplumdan topluma ve dönemden döneme değişmektedir. Özellikte toplumsal yapı değiştikçe diğer kurumlar gibi eğitim kurumu da değişmekte ve değişen koşullara uygun olarak yeniden şekillenmektedir. Örneğin özellikle 20.yy’ın ikinci yarısından itibaren ortaya çıkan hızlı sosyal değişme sürecinde örgün eğitimde kullanılan yöntem ve araçlar da değişmiş, dönemin koşullarına uygun yeni yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dönemde ortaya çıkan en önemli değişimlerin başında imge ve görselliğin ön plana çıkması gelmektedir. Bu süreçte eğitimde ve özellikle örgün eğitimde imge ve görseller önemli oranda yer almaya başlamıştır. Ancak örgün eğitimde kullanılan araçların çeşitlendirilmesinin eğitimde kalitenin artmasına yol açacağı aşikârdır. Bu bağlamda eğitimde film kullanımının neden önemli olduğu ve nasıl etkileri olduğu bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu konuda yazılmış literatürden yola çıkarak konuya ilişkin teorik bir değerlendirme amacını taşıyan çalışma derleme niteliği taşımaktadır.
The influence of COVID-19 on healthcare seeking behaviors among students attending a minority-serving institution: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Malik Neal , Harding Kassandra , Garcia Andres
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 may influence healthcare seeking behaviors among university students due to their beliefs about the virus, disruptions in access to care, or both. This has not been studied among university students, particularly those attending a minority-serving institution (MSI).

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare seeking behaviors among students attending an MSI.

METHODS

An online survey was sent to all registered students at a public MSI between February and March 2021. Frequency of in-person and virtual contacts with a healthcare professional across a sample of months in 2019 and 2020 were compared using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests.

RESULTS

Approximately 52.5% reported no in-person visits during the pandemic compared to 47.8% pre-pandemic (Z = -1.800, P = .07). Approximately 47.7% reported no virtual contact during the pandemic compared to 77.5% reporting no virtual contact with a medical provider pre-pandemic (Z = 11.011, P < .001). When in-person and virtual contacts were combined, 43.5% of respondents reported no virtual or in-person contact with medical providers pre-pandemic compared with 34.1% during the pandemic (Z = 3.918, P <.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Among university students attending a public MSI, in-person visits and contact with their respective healthcare providers decreased during the current COVID-19 pandemic. These results are of particular importance given the relationship between seeking healthcare and the maintenance of health behaviors.
Peer led practice improves medical student confidence in subsequent Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (Preprint)
Authors: Hussain Zobia
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) teaching is often inadequate leading to confusion amongst medical students and junior doctors. Active learning approaches such as simulation improves retention of learning. A peer led simulated OSCE programme improved medical students’ knowledge and confidence in recognising and managing DKA.

OBJECTIVE

To design a protocol to improve medical education on the topic of DKA.

METHODS

A combination of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and medical simulation was devised utilising a SMART simulator mannequin and a peer taking the role of simulated patient. Students received two debriefs, individual feedback and group discussion. Students were assessed through objective assessment results from a questionmark assessment.

RESULTS

Objective scores on assessment were improved from 5.2/10 (SD, 1.0) to 10/10 (SD, 2.1) on the questionmark. The difference in scores was statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Medical students benefit from and enjoy OSCE style simulation education on DKA. This programme could be expanded to other topics in acute medicine and extended to other students in healthcare professions.
Psychosomatic symptoms in preschool children and how to treat them (Preprint)
Authors: Voronova Natalya , Pershikov Sergey , Garina Evgeniya , Pronkin Nikolay
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Recent years saw an increase in children with emotional problems. There are many socioeconomic, political, and other processes going on in the world right now, which change how we live and what is surrounding us

OBJECTIVE

Recent years saw an increase in children with emotional problems. There are many socioeconomic, political, and other processes going on in the world right now, which change how we live and what is surrounding us. These changes may negatively affect the health of children, both somatic and mental sides. The current study aims to determine the structure of psychosomatic symptoms in preschool children and develop an effective treatment method for preschool teachers to deploy.

METHODS

A total of 259 children aged 4 to 5 years from Moscow preschools were divided into two groups: children (n = 92) exposed to a standard education program and children (n = 167) enrolled in the proposed education program for psychosomatic enhancement. The experiment lasted 6 months.

RESULTS

Using the proposed education program led to substantial improvements in the following KiddyKINDL subscales from baseline: Physical Well-being (1.19-fold increase, p <0.05), Emotional Well-being (1.24-fold increase, p <0.05), Self-esteem (1.21-fold increase, p <0.05), Family (1.17-fold increase, p <0.05), and Kiddy Parents (1.2-fold increase, p <0.05). The control group demonstrated slight but not significant improvements (p> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, the preschool teachers can use the proposed education program to enhance the psychosomatic health of preschool-aged children.
Audiobook Stylistics: Comparing print and audio in the bestselling segment
Authors: Berglund Karl , Dahllöf Mats
Published: November 2021

The paper explores differences between bestsellers in print and the most popular audiobooks in a subscription-based streaming service for books (‘beststreamers’) by means of computational stylistics. The point of departure is the complete set of print bestsellers and digital audiobook beststreamers for the Swedish book market 2015–2019, in total 172 novels. We probed 34 linguistic measures to track differences between subsets at the stylistic level. The results indicate that there are pronounced differences between the formats. Print bestsellers are longer, syntactically more complex and varied, and seem to focus more on depiction. Beststreaming audiobooks, by contrast, are shorter, more straightforwardly written, and appear to highlight plot and dialogue. The results are replicated when the comparison is restricted to crime fiction, the most prominent genre in the commercial top segment. Given these results, it is argued that it is possible to discern a particular audiobook style as one factor affecting book consumption in digital formats, and conversely that the printed format is associated with other stylistic preferences.
Optimization of Solar Panel Tilt and Azimuth Angle for Maximum Solar Irradiation and Minimum Loss for Rural Electrification
Authors: Nwankwo Prince N
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The earth receives solar power at a rate of 120 petawatts, meaning that the energy obtained from the sun in a single day could satisfy the world’s energy needs for almost twenty years. Africa is often considered and referred as the "Sun continent" or the continent where the Sun's influence is the greatest, yet over 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa live without electricity. This inexhaustible, untapped, abundant, and environmentally friendly solar energy potential encouraged solar power generation technologies to flourish faster than any other renewable energy technology most especially in Africa. The amount of electricity generated by a fixed-tilt solar PV system depends on the orientation of the PV panel (tilt and azimuth angle) relative to the sun. The panel of a solar PV system collect solar radiation more efficiently when the sun's rays are perpendicular to the panel: when the sun hits it directly at a 90o degree angle; but the sun is a moving target. Not only does it move across the sky throughout the day, but it is higher in the sky in the dry season (winter) from October to March and lower in the sky in the wet season (summer) from April to September. Since the climate is usually characterized into two seasons, the system optimization presented in this paper was carried out based on: yearly irradiation yield (fixed tilted plane) to guarantee optimum solar irradiation throughout the year, with 0.0% loss with respect to optimum. The system eliminates the challenges associated with changing the solar panel orientation every season, or using the expensive and inefficient sun tracker in tracking sun energy; while guaranteeing higher energy production, better system performance, lower system losses, and low operational cost. The system optimization was carried out with the “PVsyst simulation software” made for PV system designers and researchers to predict the performance of different solar system configurations, evaluate the results, and identify the best approach for maximum energy production. This paper investigated the optimal tilt and azimuth angle for solar panel orientation techniques for a typical rural community in Nigeria (Ndikelionwu) to advance rural electrification. After series of simulation and optimization processes; the best yearly irradiation yield was recorded when the solar panel is at 40o tilt and 0o Azimuth angle; with 0.0% loss with respect to optimum. Keywords: Optimization, PVsyst, Solar Irradiation, Tilt and Azimuth Angle, Global on Collector Plane, Fixed Tilted Plane, Rural Electrification, Solar Panel Orientation And Yearly Irradiation Yield.
Geopolymer concrete made using large-tonnage technogenic waste
Authors:   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Van Lam Tang , Xuan Hung Ngo , Kim Dien Vu , Bulgakov Boris I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), Bazhenova Sofya I. , Aleksandrova Olga V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Currently, in all countries, Portland cement is used as a binder in the production of concrete, and its global production accounts for 10 % of the total carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, Portland cement can be partially or fully replaced by new cement-free binders, made of large-tonnage technogenic waste with a cementing effect, for example, by finely ground blast furnace slag, fly ash generated by thermal power plants and ash formed during the combustion of rice hulls. Aqueous alkaline solutions (NaOH and Na2SiO3 or KOH and K2SiO3) should be used as activators of setting and hardening of such binders, and calcium sulfate dihydrate can be used to adjust the setting time. Concrete containing new cement-free binders is called geopolymer concrete. Materials and methods. In order to reduce mixing water consumption and maintain the required workability of the fine-grained concrete mixture, a polycarboxylate superplasticizer was introduced into its composition. All raw materials, except for the superplasticizer, were of the Vietnamese origin. The following research methods were used: the composition of the geopolymer concrete mixture was analyzed using the absolute volume method, the workability of the concrete mixture was determined according to ASTM C1611-18 и TCVN 3106:2007, compressive and tensile strength of the concrete, subjected to bending, were tested pursuant to GOST 10180-2012, and the average density of concrete was tested according to GOST 12730.1-78. Results. The co-authors have developed the composition of the geopolymer concrete containing the alkaline cement-free binder. As a result of the heat treatment of the 28-days-old concrete for 6 hours at 100 °C, its compressive strength reaches about 60 MPa; hence, it can be used in the hot and humid climate of Vietnam. Conclusions. This cement-free concrete, in addition to its high strength, has good water resistance and low water absorption. This concrete has economic benefits, and its production will help to protect the environment due to the lower consumption of natural resources and the applicability of large-tonnage technogenic waste.
Sintesis gliserol ester berbasis asam oleat sawit dan karakteristik sifat fisika kimia
Authors: DIMAWARNITA Firda , HAMBALI Erliza , PANJI Tri , MUSLICH . , FARAMITHA Yora
Published: November 2021

Peningkatan kapasitas produksi biodiesel menyebabkan meningkatnya produksi gliserol. Salah satu cara alternatif untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi gliserol adalah melalui esterifikasi gliserol menjadi surfaktan, yaitu gliserol ester (GE). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan sintesis GE berbasis asam oleat sawit dengan waktu reaksi 180 menit menggunakan katalis p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). Suhu sintesis yang digunakan, yaitu:140, 160, 180, dan 240°C. Hasil uji ANOVA dan Duncan (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa suhu sintesis berpengaruh nyata pada rendemen, angka asam, dan viskositas. Proses sintesis GE optimum diperoleh pada suhu sintesis 160°C dengan nilai rendemen GE sebesar 95,66%, pH 7, nilai angka asam 11,28 mg KOH/g sampel, viskositas kinematis 75,76 cst, dan densitas 0,944 g cm-3. Suhu sintesis 160°C, 180°C, dan 240°C menghasilkan rendemen yang tinggi, berkisar 95,66-97,07% dan tidak berbeda nyata antara ketiganya. Analisis menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) juga menghasilkan suhu terbaik untuk sintesis GE adalah 160°C. Produk GE yang terbentuk mengandung gugus ester, asam karboksilat, dan alkohol yang muncul pada 1240,41-1739,62 cm-1.[Kata kunci: biodiesel, esterifikasi, katalis PTSA, surfaktan]
Analisis pengaruh inflasi, pendidikan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka dan kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Azis Muhammad , Yulmardi Yulmardi , Nurhayani Nurhayani
Published: November 2021

The purposes of this study are 1) To determine and analyze the development of inflation, education, economic growth, open unemployment, and poverty in Jambi Province; and 2) To determine and analyze the effect of inflation, education, and economic growth, on the open unemployment rate and poverty in Jambi Province. The data used in this research is secondary data. The model used in this study is a multiple linear regression model. The results show that the average development of inflation is 11.35%, education is 1.25%, economic growth is -2.64%, TPT is 1.99%, and poverty is -2.74%. Furthermore, the analysis results show that directly inflation and economic growth have a significant effect on TPT in Jambi Province (P<0.05). At the same time, indirectly, only education variables affect poverty in Jambi Province (P<0.05).
Keywords: Inflation, Education, Economic growth, Open unemployment, Poverty
Quantitative Approach to Studying Film Pollution of the Sea Surface Using Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zamshin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Matrosova E. R. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Khodaeva V. N. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Chvertkova O. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Numerous studies of various film pollutions (oil spills, surfactants etc.) are performed by means of satellite monitoring of seas and oceans. However, the problem of formal ranking the water areas of the regions under study by frequency and intensity of pollution is still unsolved. The conditions and periodicity of satellite survey can differ greatly depending on the monitoring region that determines both spatial variability of the probability of film pollution detection and the need to take this feature into consideration. Here we attempt to develop a quantitative approach to studying the sea surface film pollutions based on processing of large volumes of satellite optical and radar imagery. Methods and Results. The concept “index of sea surface exposure to film pollutions”, dfpMON, and the method for calculating its quantitative value on a regular spatial grid are proposed. The value of dfpMON is defined as a ratio of the pollution area observed at the site to the area of the analyzed resolution elements (where detection of film pollution is theoretically possible). Within the framework of this approach, the already existing methods for analyzing the results of long-term satellite seawater pollution monitoring were improved due to taking into account the meteorological conditions and the spatial distribution of the observation amount. Having been applied, the proposed approach permitted to study spatial distribution of the non-biogenic film pollutions in the northern part of the Black Sea; they were detected resulting from interpretation of 4428 satellite images obtained in 2019 by the Landsat-8, Sentinel-2A/B and Sentinel-1A/B satellites (2499 cases of pollution processed). The average value of the dfpMON index was 0.012%. Three regions, where the dfpMON values exceeded the average one by more than 30 times were identified. Conclusions. The example of a site in the northern Black Sea has shown the possibility of obtaining representative information products of satellite oceanography, which quantitatively characterize spatial variability of the sea surface film pollution recorded during the long-term episodes of satellite monitoring.
Thermal analysis of proposed heat sink design under natural convection for the thermal management of electronics
Authors: Habib Numan , Siddiqi Muftooh , Tahir Muhammad
Published: November 2021

The rapid development in the field of electronics has led to high power densities and miniaturization of electronic packages. Because of the compact size of electronic devices, the rate of heat dissipation has increased drastically. Due to this reason, the air-cooling system with a conventional heat sink is insufficient to remove large quantity of heat. A novel macro-channel ?L-shaped heat sink? is pro-posed and analyzed to overcome this problem. The thermal resistance and fluid-flow behavior under natural convection, of the novel and conventional air-cooled heat sink designs, are analyzed. Governing equations are discretized and solved across the computational domain of the heat sink, with 3-D conjugate heat transfer model. Numerical results are validated through experimentation. The effect of parameters i.e., fin height, number of fins and heat sink size, on the thermal resistance and fluid-flow are reported. Examination of these parameters provide a better physical understanding from energy conservation and management view point. Substantial increase in the thermal performance is noted for the novel ?L-shaped heat sink? compared to the conventional design.
PELATIHAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI DALAM PEMANFAATAN EM4 TERHADAP PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS
Authors: Putra Aldi Rizki , Afandi Kiki , Anjani Dewi , Pradana Kenny Candra
Published: November 2021

Banyaknya jumlah peternak menjadikan desa Marga Kaya sebagai sektor usaha milik desa dan juga luasnya lahan persawahan membuat warga tidak kekurangan bahan pangan, namun dari semua itu timbul limbah di lingkungan sekitar yang berasal dari peternakan dan pabrik penggiling padi. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan pelatihan ini adalah untuk melatih dan memberdayakan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) di desa Marga Kaya ini dalam membuat pupuk kompos dengan menggunakan  kotoran ternak, dan sekam padi untuk mengurangi limbah ternak dan limbah pabrik padi serta memanfaatkan EM4 untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah nantinya. Metode yang digunakan ialah pelatihan dengan peserta pelatihan sebanyak 20 anggota KWT. Dengan adanya pelatihan ini, mendapatkan hasil yakni masyarakat terutama kelompok wanita tani menjadi paham tentang cara mengolah limbah kotoran ternak dan limbah sekam padi yang dicampur dengan  EM4 untuk dijadikan pupuk kompos serta kegiatan ini dapat mengurangi limbah yang ada di desa tersebut menjadi hal yang lebih bermanfaat.
BIAYA TRANSAKSI PADA SISTEM AGRIBISNIS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHATANI UBI KAYU
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Zakaria Wan Abbas , Murniati Ktut , Rakhmiati Rakhmiati , Handayani Etik Puji , Syahputra Fikri , Vitratin Vitratin , Haryono Dwi
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis bsarnya biaya transaksi pada sistem agribisnis ubi kayu dan menganalisis pengaruh biaya transaksi terhadap pendapatan ubi kayu di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Tempat penelitian di Kecamatan Rumbia Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei kepada 141 petani ubi kayu di Kecamatan Rumbia Kabupaten Lampung Tengah yang diambil secara purposive. Analisis menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif pada Transaction Cost (TrC); Analisis pendapatan; dan Analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian (1) biaya transaksi pada sistem agribisnis ubi kayu Rp. 732.725,17/ha/petani/musim (2) pendapatan usahatani ubi kayu sebesar Rp. 10.666.036,03/ha yang artinya usahatani ubi kayu layak untuk terus dikembangkan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dan biaya transaksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan usahatani ubi kayu
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY DETERMINANTS OF THE ORGANIC FARM HOUSEHOLD IN SOUTH-EASTERN COAST OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Barua Prabal , Rahman Syed Hafizur
Published: November 2021

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that that sustains the demands of production of healthy and safe food for the community. Bangladesh is now highly productive area for agriculture production in the world with large varieties of agriculture crops are vultivating here. The study employed ordered logistic regression to assessed the determinants of livelihood security of the organic farm households in the south-eastern coast of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in three upazilas of Chattogram district like Banskhali, Anwara and Sitakund. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for the study. Three upazilas were selected and from each selected upazila a cluster of 1-2 villages were selected at random. At the last stage 150 respondents were selected from a cluster of villages using random proportional sampling. Ordered logistic regression was applied to assess the determinants of the livelihood security. Landholding, distance access to market, possession of livestock were the significant determinants of livelihood security for the organic farm households in South-eastern coast of Bangladesh . Livelihood security of the organic farm households in coastal Bangladesh was influenced significantly by the determinants like landholding, access to market distance and possession of livestock.
GENDER PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES AND DECISIONS OF VEGETABLE CULTIVATION IN SURKHET, NEPAL
Authors: Bista Bishal , Dhital Pankaj Raj , Acharya Suraj , Dahal Sagar , Dahal Bibek , Parajuli Shikshit
Published: November 2021

A study was conducted in Surkhet, Nepal in 2020 to identify and assess the gender participation in various activities and decisions of vegetable cultivation. A total of 120 vegetable farmers were selected; 30 farmers from four different municipality. The results revealed that most of the vegetable farming activities are done jointly, whereas, laborious and taxing activities like ploughing and spraying pesticides were exclusively done by male, and sowing/ raising nursery, picking/harvesting, and marketing of farm produce were predominantly done by female. Regarding the decisions related to vegetable cultivation, majority of the decision were joint decision; consent of both male and female. However, male had greater authoritative power, and female performed supportive role. Gender sensitization, awareness in society, education for women, and extension services should be provided for empowerment and capacity development of women by government and related organizations. This will help to widen the parochial outlook of women, which will ultimately enhance their participation in decision-making process.
A REVIEW ON POULTRY POPULATION, PRODUCTION (EGG AND MEAT) AND DISTRIBUTION IN NEPAL
Authors: Yadav Roshan Kumar , Yadav Rabindra
Published: November 2021

Poultry farming is integral part of agriculture in Nepal which accounts about 3.5% of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This review was done to study the population ,production (egg and meat) and distribution of poultry in Nepal. In order to meet the demand of poultry produce, the commercial poultry population has increased about more than double the last decade. The recent data of 2018/19 shows the total number of laying hens and ducks are 12.52 million and 0.19 million respectively whereas total chicks production of Broilers, Layers and kuroilers are 25-30(×106), 1.5-1.75(×106) and 2.5-3(×106) respectively with breeder stock population of 2 million birds. Likewise, the total hen egg and duck egg are 1534.68 million and 15 million respectively. Also the total chicken and duck meat is 62899 MT and 353 MT respectively. In Nepal, the national poultry flock includes chickens, ducks, pigeons and other birds that are kept in different production system. Chitwan, Kathmandu and Kaski are major districts with higher number of poultry farms followed by rural people which is under the free range system and low input. The higher number of poultry is concentrated in hill region followed by terai and mountain region. Conversely, the population of duck is higher in terai followed by hill and mountain region.
PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AND MARKETING OF LARGE CARDAMOM (AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB.) IN CHAINPUR, SANKHUWASABHA, NEPAL
Authors: Bhattarai Santosh Kumar , Bhattarai Suman , Sigdel Udit Prakash
Published: November 2021

A study on production economics and marketing of Large cardamom in Chainpur, Sankhuwasabha was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019. Altogether 60 farmers were selected randomly from the PMAMP Cardamom command area of Chainpur municipality of Sankhuwasabha. Besides, 12 traders were also selected. A focus group discussion, key informants interview (KII) and direct observations were carried out to generate primary data along with Household survey with the use of semi-structured pre-tested interview schedule for the study. The secondary data were collected from literature like reports and publications of different institutions. The yield of cardamom in the study area has fallen now by more than 50% than the maximum realized yield to 220 kg ha-1. Cardamom was found to be labor intensive in the study area. Coupled with low market price and low productivity, many farmers felt a loss. However, economic analysis of the area indicated the cardamom farming is profitable. The sensitivity analysis with 20% decrease in price also found the farming to be profitable and viable. The farming is labor intensive and the average annual production cost per hectare was NRs 50,124 considering hired labors only and NRs 74,358 considering both hired and family labor cost per hectare. Among many causes of decline in productivity, many farmers ranked disease as the most devastating. The monopoly of Indian marketers at Birtamod was considered as the topmost reason for price fluctuation. The study evolved the immediate need of crop management by disease control to increase production and marketing intervention for consistent price of the Large cardamom.
FINANCIAL APPRAISAL OF COFFEE GROWERS AND TRADERS IN KASKI, GANDAKI PROVINCE, NEPAL
Authors: Poudel Pravin , Khanal Ajit , Bhandari Thaneshwar
Published: November 2021

Coffee was introduced in Nepal in 1938 A.D. After that, it has gained popularity day by day. Coffee is considered a High Value Crops from commercial point of view in Mid Hills of Nepal. The production and cultivation have increased in Nepal over the years but not up to the mark though it is profitable. The research was conducted to know about financial appraisal of coffee growers and traders in Kaski District. 40 farmers, 3 primary processors, 1 secondary processor were interviewed by using semi structured questionnaire. The result concluded that coffee business is sound and profitable in the studied area. It was indicated by Gross Margin which was found Rs 74536.25/ha., BCR was found 1.12, NPV Rs 256961.33/ha & FRR was found 29%. The number of productive plants was the main factor affecting coffee production in the study area. Furthermore, the Return to Scale value was found 0.43. As far as the marketing of the coffee majority of farmers used cooperative marketing Channel. There was value addition of Rs 78.88 from producer (Fresh cherry) to primary processor (Dry parchment), value addition of Rs 275 from primary processor (Dry parchment) to secondary processor (Green Bean), value addition of Rs 226.27 from Green Bean of secondary processor to Roasted Bean/Powder of secondary processor and finally value addition of Rs 84.03 from secondary processor (Roasted Bean/Powder) to consumer. Thus, secondary processor was most important actors of value addition condition among other coffee micro actors. The study also ranked “more income compared to cereal” as the main reason to adapt coffee farming by farmers and “infestation of insects and pests” as the major constraints of coffee farming in studied area. Study suggested that proper expansion of Coffee farming is needed in the district with the collaboration of NTCDB and Local / province government.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING CHANNEL OF POTATO IN JHAPA DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Baral Suraksha , Bhatta Sushmita , Adhikari Sudarshan , Bajal Saratendra
Published: November 2021

Potato farming is being practiced in Nepal from the long time. The objective of this study was to assess the production status and marketing channel of potato including its production problems and cost of production in Jhapa district, Nepal. The study was carried out in Kachankawal Rural Municipality, Haldibari Rural Municipality, Bhadrapur Municipality and Birtamode Municipality of Jhapa district. Sampling was conducted among the total of 100 registered farmers by simple random sampling method among which 60 were chosen for gathering information on production status and price variation, 30 for cost of production and 10 local collectors for the study of marketing channel. The data were analyzed using SPSS, Stata and Microsoft excel. The result of study showed that the productivity of potato was found to be 19.12 mt/ha in the study area. The gross margin was NRs. 3410/- per ropani with B: C ratio of 1.29. The main problems faced by potato growers were low returns, limited availability of quality seeds, storage problem, poor extension services, disease and insect problem and, shortage and high labor charges. The farmers didn’t have problems in finding market to sell their potatoes as the local collectors collected the potatoes from the farm gate. The main markets for the potatoes were Birtamode, Siraha and Saptari. The most common marketing channel was from producer to local collector to wholesaler to retailer to ultimate consumer. Therefore, the findings suggest that, the production and income can be maximized if existing problems are minimized and resources are made available in time and used properly.