bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Hypercard Program at Penrose Library, The University of Denver
Authors: Tschanz Virginia
Published: February 2008

Penrose Tutorial and Guides, a HyperCard (hypertext) program designed to provide computer‐assisted reference service, was created by the author in the summer of 1989. Development in three months was possible only because material included in the program had been compiled over the previous three years and because the scripting and layout were based on a program developed by Apple Corporation. Scripting enhancements added by the author to the Apple program include hidden fields for collecting statistics, a conceptual map, a timed default to return the user to the opening card, and a suggestion box.
Starting up your own HIV/AIDS collection: A case study
Authors: Cowen Sue , Wright Rix R.
Published: February 2008

“While the majority of reported AIDS cases continues to be among white gay and bisexual men, the epidemic has forcefully spread to new populations. Between 1986 and 1989, reported AIDS cases among persons of color increased by 214 percent, among heterosexual IV drug users by 266 percent. The epidemic is also beginning to strike children in growing numbers.” (Dunn‐Mortimer, John. “Recommendations for Financing the HIV Epidemic in California.” Los Angeles: The California Association of AIDS Agencies, 1990.)
Selected CDC HIV/AIDS information resources
Authors: Garza Brenda W.
Published: February 2008

June 1981 marked the beginning of an indepth investigation by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of clusterings of two rare disorders, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi's sarcoma, in homosexual men. These diseases were soon recognized as two of the many opportunistic infections and cancers that can attack the immune systems of persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Sources of United Nations information
Authors: Harley Bruce
Published: February 2008

As a new century approaches, the evolving global village becomes difficult to ignore. More than ever before, the United Nations will act as both universal meeting hall and clearinghouse. Consequently, information from and about the United Nations has potential instructional and research value to a wide variety of information professionals and their patrons. For many research topics, an international perspective will enhance the information‐gathering process. Reference librarians should take advantage of this perspective whenever possible, using or referring patrons to intergovernmental organization (IGO) information. This article is intended to serve as a collection development guide to sources of United Nations information and thus help librarians attempting to cope with the lack of bibliographical control over United Nations materials.
Neurolinguistic Programming: A selective bibliography
Authors: Taler Izabella
Published: February 2008

Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) represents a new approach to understanding the process of human communication. Developed by Richard Bandler and John Grinder in the early 1970s, it is derived from linguistics, psychology, neurophysiology, kinetics, and cybernetics. NLP is designed to help its users—whether they are therapists, salespersons, or teachers—more quickly gain rapport with their subjects.
Europe East and West: Basic business reference sources
Authors: Hanne Daniel
Published: February 2008

Two profound changes are taking place in Europe—the economic and political integration in the West and the democratic and economic evolution of the East. Though war and its expectation have been the destiny of the European nation states since the Middle Ages, the future holds out the promise of peace, economic growth, and prosperity.
Hyping the OPAC: Adapting a Macintosh user interface to the Notis Online Catalog
Authors: Antelman Kristin
Published: February 2008

Librarians find themselves today in a lively period of the evolution of user interfaces to online information. The average college or university library user is confronted with a variety of interfaces in one trip to the reference room: from the straight text, terminal‐based interface of the online catalog to a variety of flashy interfaces to CD‐ROM databases. Most of the newer interfaces incorporate graphics, color, and mouse‐supported searching to make initiation for the novice user easier and searching more productive. As a result of exposure to these new interfaces, users come to expect this degree of ease of use and attractiveness. In their minds, there is no conceptual difference—and perhaps there should not be—between the CD‐ROM version of PsycLit and the online catalog. OPACs that provide less functionality are not living up to either the potential of the available technology or the expectations of their users.
Performance evaluation in bibliographic instruction workshop courses: Assessing what students do as a measure of what they know
Authors: Feinberg Richard , King Christine
Published: February 2008

Evaluation of student performance in bibliographic instruction (B.I.) has been, and continues to be, an area of interest to B.I. practitioners. The last 15 years have seen a number of excellent analyses and reviews of evaluation techniques. Many recent articles focus on evaluation methods used within specific B.I. programs.
The Columbus Quincentennial: Who's celebrating? An annotated checklist (1990–1991) of new resources on Christopher Columbus and his influence
Authors: Dodge Christopher
Published: February 2008

The winter 1991 issue of Reference Services Review featured an annotated bibliography of literature on Christopher Columbus from 1970 to 1989. That literature covered such topics as Columbus' ancestry, heraldry, and the locations of both his American landfall and burial site. This annotated checklist focuses mainly on Columbus' legacy, on works that offer a dissenting point of view from most previous writings about Columbus (and on works that react to the dissenters), on material written by Native American and other non‐European authors, and on materials published by small and noncommercial presses.
Searching for birth relatives: A selective bibliography
Authors: Smith Debra G.
Published: February 2008

Confidentiality in adoption has been the norm in this country since the 1930s. Traditionally, it has been perceived as beneficial to all sides of the adoption triangle: the adoptive parents, the adoptee, and the birth parents. Adoption agencies have supported the policy of confidentiality, and as a result the practice of concealment is almost universal in the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, and Kansas are the only states that allow adult adoptees access to their birth and adoption information.
Library orientation and instruction—1991
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources, research, and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the eighteenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1991. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Obtaining and using financial reports of foreign companies
Authors: Tipton Roberta L.
Published: February 2008

The international business researcher in the United States faces considerable barriers to obtaining and understanding firm‐level data about foreign companies. Although the Internal Revenue Service, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Bureau of the Census, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and other government agencies collect detailed data on foreign companies doing business in the U.S., most of these data are readily obtainable only as aggregate figures. The SEC alone releases company‐specific reports for public companies trading on U.S. stock exchanges. International bodies like the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations (UNCTC), the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank follow the practice of individual governments in suppressing and protecting any firm‐level data, publishing only aggregate figures where those figures will not reveal the workings of individual firms. Therefore, most of the sources of data on the company level truly available to U.S. researchers are published by private information companies.
Who were the Soviet peoples?: A guide to materials on the non‐Russian Nationalities of the former USSR
Authors: Hogg Gordon E.
Published: February 2008

Until very recently an immense USSR comprised fifteen republics. Now the three Baltic states are free of Moscow's direction, and an independent Ukraine has joined Belarus and the former Russian Soviet Federated Republic (RSFSR) as the hub in a commonwealth of former republics that have declared themselves independent or “sovereign,” but federated through agreements based on economics or defense considerations. Whether one concentrates on the story of Baltic freedom following the abortive 1991 coup, the subsequent dissolution of central governmental power, or the lasting enmities among some of the peoples in Central Asia and the Caucasus, the pivot around which this new interest or heightened curiosity turns is the recent great change within the late Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Reference service for Sstudents with disabilities: Desktop braille publishing in the academic library
Authors: McNulty Tom
Published: February 2008

Over the past two decades, a number of social and legislative forces have had the effect of increasing disabled peoples' attendance at institutions of higher education. Major national legislation, such as the landmark Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, requires provision of equal access for people with disabilities to educational programs that receive federal funding. The more recent Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President Bush on 26 July 1990; considered by some the “Bill of Rights” for people with disabilities, the ADA extends opportunity in the areas of employment, housing, and a number of other basic civil rights.
Regional gardening books and periodicals: An annotated bibliography
Authors: Clewis Beth
Published: February 2008

In a world in which “England's green and pleasant land” sets the standard for garden excellence, gardeners in much of the United States will struggle in vain to adapt the British style to their own volatile climates. American regional gardening literature offers a new vision to help gardeners throughout the United States select plants suited to their climates (especially native plants) and use techniques to prevent losses to cold, heat, humidity, or drought. The resulting gardens may not always resemble the traditional English her baceous border, but their beauty and vigor will enhance the often monotonous American suburban landscape.
Workplace literacy: A selected bibliography
Authors: Rupp‐Serrano Karen
Published: February 2008

Literacy has been one of the most publicized societal problems of the past decade, and it is likely to continue as such for some time to come. Like many problems of modern society, it involves a variety of educational, social, and economic factors, and will therefore not be easily solved.
Computer technology in eastern European countries and the former Soviet Union: An interpretative bibliography
Authors: Anna Jankowska Maria
Published: February 2008

Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States are going through deep and dramatic changes and are entering a new era. The development of high‐technology industries is considered crucial to help revitalize the economies of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, the eastern provinces of Germany (former German Democratic Republic), Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the old Soviet Union. Moreover, the current status, operation, and progress of the information processing industry represent the most fascinating areas of old East Bloc industrialization. It is widely known that the majority of industries in these countries are obsolete in comparison with the Western countries. Computer and communications technologies comprise this branch of industry where the technological gap between East and West is the widest. Catching up with western countries would take eastern countries ten years for software and supercomputers, eight years for mainframes, six years for microprocessors, and five years for minicomputers. Western countries consider this necessity to catch up as one of the main obstacles to future European integration.
The dictionary of Canadian biography: A major bicultural source
Authors: England Claire
Published: February 2008

The Dictionary of Canadian Biography (called the DCB; see sidebar 1) is a companion to Britain's Dictionary of National Biography and America's Dictionary of American Biography. At first glance, the DCB in title, concept, and general appearance is a parallel publication—the national and monumental biographical dictionary which records, posthumously, the lives of persons who contributed to the nation. However, there are some differences. These reflect not so much the concept of a national biography as the economic and editorial circumstances surrounding such a project in Canada in the last half of the twentieth century.
Neither backlash nor fad: The new men's studies
Authors: August Eugene R.
Published: February 2008

Although men's studies is no longer a novelty on college campuses, it can still raise some bewildered eyebrows and prompt a few explosive reactions. Recently, on a national computer bulletin board used by reference librarians, a request for journals, articles, and books “that analyze drama from a male/masculine perspective” touched off considerable crossfire among respondents. Beneath the hostilities, however, were serious questions and understandable confusions about the topic of men's studies. These concerns suggest that some clarifications concerning the new men's studies might be useful.
CD‐ROM and the undergraduate: Reference and instruction at risk
Authors: Hixson Charles R.
Published: February 2008

A barrage of criticism has been leveled recently at those librarians championing the importance of bibliographical instruction and the reference interview. Some critics claim reference librarians, unable to restrain their “yen to teach,” insist on telling patrons which sources to use and which to avoid instead of providing them with requested materials. According to this view, instruction has replaced service, despite the evidence showing patrons prefer “user‐friendly CD‐ROMs such as Infotrac” to more traditional print reference services. In fact, claims one writer, the entire concept of the reference interview (or at least its present permutation) is a myth. Patron queries may need clarification, but no drawn‐out, analyzed interaction with patrons is mandatory for providing effective reference. Instead of posing counter‐questions, which may illustrate ineptitude as much as perspicacity, librarians should redirect their efforts toward mastering substantive knowledge.
Academic libraries and outreach services through precollege programs: A proactive collaboration
Authors: Jesudason Melba
Published: February 2008

In this time of severe national budget deficit, all programs are reviewed for trimming/downsizing and effectiveness. Just as educational systems are evaluated for trimming, so are school and academic library services. This article will address why it is crucial to have close linkages between school and academic libraries through articulation programs to avoid duplication and waste of human resources, and explain how articulation can be initiated through precollege programs offered by colleges and universities. It will focus on why academic libraries participate in precollege access programs, highlight how collaboration between school and academic libraries helps the “town and gown” community relationship, and point out how precollege programs help minority students and university recruitment and retention efforts. As an example, it will describe the outreach program of the College Library at the University of Wisconsin‐Madi‐son. The article concludes by discussing the future goals of strengthening and broadening the participation of academic libraries in precollege access programs.
Technologycal challenges to artists' rights in the age of multimedia: The future role of moral rights
Authors: Lu Kathleen
Published: February 2008

A great artist creates a mural which, bearing his name, eventually reaches the hands of a purchaser who objects to the nude figures that the creator had seen fit to incorporate into his tableau. The purchaser, therefore, employs another artist to drape the figures. In a now famous decree the German Supreme Court, in 1912, held that the transferee of the mural in a case involving these facts, could not have changed it to suit his individual preferences.
The making of a scholarly research atlas: The historical atlas of Canada
Authors: Piternick Anne B.
Published: February 2008

In the fall of 1987, the first of three volumes of a scholarly research atlas—The Historical Atlas of Canada—was published to great acclaim. Describing the Atlas as “the most innovative, beautiful and successful single volume on the history of Canada, and indeed the most ambitious cartographic venture ever attempted in this country,” the Royal Canadian Geographic Society awarded gold medals to the volume's editor, R.C. Harris, and cartographer/designer, Geoffrey J. Matthews, as well as to the director of the whole Atlas project, W.G. Dean. The volume received many honors, including the Sir John A. Macdonald Prize for the best book of the year on Early Canada from the Canadian Historical Association and the George Perkins Marsh Award in Environmental History from the University of Utah. Reviewers described the volume in superlatives. American reviewers were equally generous in their praise. Petchenik (herself the editor of the Historical Atlas of Early American History) described the volume as “an amazing accomplishment” and commented that “Not only a country but a civilization has been enriched by this publication.” Konrad assessed the volume as “a unique statement unrivaled in its potential impact.” Shuman, a professor of library science, noted that “this atlas, when complete, should stand as a model to be emulated by all other nations, whenever possible.” Pye, writing in the [British] Geographical Journal stated that “it is difficult to imagine that it could be even remotely paralleled in the foreseeable future.” Volume III of the Atlas appeared in 1990 and again won plaudits. Reviewers obviously felt that the high standards set by the first volume had been maintained.
Character, virtue, and self‐interest in the ethics of the medical profession: Part ii: Toward the restoration of virtue ethics
Authors: Pellegrino Edmund D. , Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

Is there a sound philosophical foundation in the nature of professional activity for resolving the tension between altruism and self‐interest in favor of virtue and character? I believe there is, and I ground my proposal in six characteristics of the relationship of professionals to those who seek their help. Considered individually, none of these phenomena is unique in kind or degree. They may exist individually in other human relationships and occupations. But as a moral cluster they are, in fact, unique; they generate a kind of “internal morality”—a grounding for the ethics of the professions that is in some way impervious to vacillations in philosophical fashions, as well as social, economic, or political change. This internal morality explains why the ethics of medicine, for example, remained until two decades ago firmly rooted in the ethics of character and virtue, as were the ethics of the Hippocratic and Stoic schools. It is found in the seminal texts of Moslem, Jewish, and Christian medical moralists. It persisted in the eighteenth century in the writings of John Gregory, Thomas Percival, and Samuel Bard, who, although cognizant of the philosophies of Hobbes, Adam Smith, and Hume, nonetheless maintained the traditional dedication of the profession to the welfare of the patient and to a certain set of values. Only in the last two decades has there been—to use Hume's terms—a “sentiment of approbation” regarding self‐interest.
Theological responses to environmental decline: An annotated bibliography
Authors: Gray Richard A.
Published: February 2008

In his apocalyptic book on the environment and public policy, Timothy C. Weiskel warned of the consequences of humanity's intrusion into the biological and geo‐chemical processes of the natural world. He said that our intrusions have been massive and thorough; that they now threaten to transform ecosystemic parameters; and that unless responsible public policy directs itself toward moderating our current destructive impact on the environment, we will face ecosystemic collapse and human catastrophe “on a vastly greater scale than has ever been recorded in human history.”
Sex education and sexuality before Stonewall: A historical look at subject headings used in the Education Index, 1929–1969
Authors: Klein Gary M.
Published: February 2008

Homosexuality and bisexuality have existed since the beginning of life itself, yet such expressions have been repressed by many societies, from Plato's Greece to Shakespeare's England to America in the 1990s. Likewise, contraceptive devices have been in existence for over 3,200 years, but their availability has long been suppressed by religious groups and societies.
Integrated continuing education for reference librarians
Authors: Cromer Donna E. , Testi Andrea R.
Published: February 2008

Dynamic and effective reference librarians are the single most important factor in ensuring quality reference services in any library. The best reference librarians are intelligent and curious, have good social interaction skills, are knowledgeable about both reference practices and resources, possess relevant subject expertise, and are highly motivated to provide excellent reference services.
Library orientation and instruction—1993
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources, research, and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the twentieth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1993. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Electronic resources in the humanities
Authors: Bénaud Claire‐Lise , Bordeianu Sever
Published: February 2008

While Gutenberg's invention is likely to endure for some time, it is indisputable that the prominence of print is diminishing. The recently published Mellon report University Libraries and Scholarly Communication highlights the symbiosis between the humanities and the print medium. It maintains that electronic media will ultimately change the nature of the humanities and spawn a new kind of discourse with fundamentally different features. The report asserts that the shift from print to electronic media, which began in the late twentieth century, will have widespread consequences on the intellectual experience of modern society, reaching beyond print and libraries.
The significance of Caribbeanist Anthropology: A bibliographic history
Authors: Hay Fred J.
Published: February 2008

Anthropology was a late‐comer to the Caribbean and only after World War II did the study of Caribbean culture and societies become less exceptional. Early in this century when anthropology was first making itself over as an ethnographic science, anthropologists concentrated on tribal peoples. For most of the post‐Columbian era, the Caribbean region, with a few minor exceptions, was without indigenous tribal societies. Even after anthropology turned its attention to the study of peasantries, Caribbean peasantries were ignored in favor of more stable and tradition‐oriented peasant societies in other parts of Latin America. When anthropologists began to study Caribbean peoples in a more serious and systematic fashion, they found that they had to develop new concepts to explain the variation, flexibility, and heterogeneity that characterized regional culture. These concepts have had a significant impact on social and cultural theory and on the broader contemporary dialogue about cultural diversity and multiculturalism.
First‐hand reflections on the realities of reference service
Authors: Stevens Norman D.
Published: February 2008

Although I have worked in libraries in one capacity or another for almost 45 years, my experience as a “working” professional librarian was quite limited. It consisted of a little more than a year as a cataloger in the Rutgers University Library just after I received my M.L.S. in 1957. I then jumped, after receiving my Ph.D. in 1959, directly into administrative positions in academic libraries. Throughout my administrative career, however, I continued to be, as I had been since a teenager, an active user of the academic libraries in which I worked as well as of the local public libraries. Like most academic library administrators, I developed a certain removed perspective on what the front‐line professional librarians working for me did. I tried to keep my views to myself and to avoid telling those librarians how to do their job.
The life of the mind: American academia reflected through contemporary fiction
Authors: Johnson Lisa
Published: February 2008

What is it about academia anyway? We profess to hate it, spend endless amounts of time complaining about it, and yet we in academia will do practically anything to stay. The pay may be low, job security elusive, and in the end, it's not the glamorous work we envisioned it would be. Yet, it still holds fascination and interest for us. This is an article about American academic fiction. By academic fiction, I mean novels whosemain characters are professors, college students, and those individuals associated with academia. These works reveal many truths about the higher education experience not readily available elsewhere. We learn about ourselves and the university community in which we work.
Lexis‐Nexis in an academic reference environment: User policies and instruction methods
Authors: Scales B. Jane , Gilles Mary M.
Published: February 2008

In the fall of 1993, Washington State University (WSU) Libraries decided to subscribe to Mead Data's Lexis‐Nexis to support pre‐law and criminal justice research. Two passwords were acquired. The introduction of Lexis‐Nexis to the Washington State University community was facilitated by a small group of librarians, who served as a task force concerned with issues of the implementation and instruction of the database. Lexis‐Nexis is an online information retrieval system providing access to a wide range of sources including full‐text legal information and full‐text and abstracted information from newspapers, magazines, company annual reports, news and business magazines, newsletters, wire services, government documents, broadcast transcripts, and other sources. Because of the complex nature of the database, the process of implementing Lexis‐Nexis in a public service area was more involved than our previous experiences with other online or CD‐ROM services.
Advice for aspiring accountants: A selective annotated bibliography
Authors: Hoeppner Christopher J.
Published: February 2008

Accounting—both public accounting, where the accountant serves a variety of clients, and management or “private” accounting, where the sole client is the accountant's employer—has long been a popular career choice. The increased needs of business, government, and not‐for‐profit organizations for skilled professionals to gather, report, and audit accounting information have fueled tremendous growth in the field in recent years.
The challenge of electronic services librarianship
Authors: Wei He Peter , Knee Michael
Published: February 2008

The evolution of technology in libraries is causing more technically oriented professionals to join the library profession. Having an electronic services librarian has become a hallmark of the electronic age. Many imaginative but similar job titles appear in library employment advertisements: “Network Services Librarian,” “Reference and Electronic Information Services Librarian,” “Electronic Information and Multimedia Librarian,” “Information Integrator.” Why is this new field in librarianship so popular? What are the requirements to be an “electronic services librarian?” What will their future be like? Is this new professional the answer to all new library technology developments? This article examines these questions and explores the problems in this emerging position by analyzing the experience of one academic library.
Hypertext marcup: A conceptualization for encoding, de‐constructing, searching, retrieving, and using traditional knowledge tools
Authors: Wall C. Edward , Cole Timothy W. , Kazmer Michelle M.
Published: February 2008

During 1994, Pierian Press began experimenting with the integration of the concepts and respective strengths of both Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and MARC. These experiments were driven by pragmatism and self‐interest. Pierian Press publishes classified, analytical bibliographies—classical knowledge constructs—which the press and its authors would like to make available for loading on local library systems so that they can function as “maps” unto that subset of literature the respective bibliographies encompass.
Self-service charge systems: Current technological applications and their implications for the future library
Authors: Mardikian Jackie
Published: February 2008

Library management is struggling to improve productivity without reducing the quality of service to its users. With downsizing continuing to be a trend, the implementation of self‐checkout circulation systems may be an important technological investment for libraries to consider. In most large academic institutions, such circulation functions as checking out and renewing library materials have traditionally been performed by staff members. The climate may, however, be right to rethink the mode of service delivery systems and shift from providing full‐service to self‐service models, whereby the patron takes responsibility for checking out his or her own library materials.
Improving the quality of telephone reference service
Authors: Quinn Brian
Published: February 2008

Although the telephone constitutes an important aspect of reference service in many libraries, it is frequently taken for granted or overlooked by both patrons and professional staff alike. Often, it is seen by librarians as merely an adjunct service, or even something of a nuisance. In this view, telephone reference is considered secondary and subordinate to serving on‐site patrons.
Library orientation and instruction — 1994
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources and research and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the twenty‐first to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1994. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Putting the house in order: Using Innopac to manage problematic reference serials and pseudoserials
Authors: Carter Christina E. , Stephenson Nina K. , Wilkinson Frances C.
Published: February 2008

Reference department collections contain a wide variety of serials and serial‐like publications. These include (among others) indexing and abstracting services, directories, almanacs, books‐in‐prints ources, statistical works, trade and national bibliographies, union lists, biographical sources, government publications, and travel guides. Such publications are ideally updated via subscriptions or standing orders with vendors or publishers, and managed by sophisticated integrated systems with serials control features to facilitate claiming, check‐in, and other serials functions such as binding.
User education and information literacy for the next decade: An international perspective
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: February 2008

In the Information Age, people become information processors, as they read, listen to news, talk to each other, and watch television or computer screens. Yet many have not developed the appropriate skills to process information effectively. In itself, more information is not necessarily better or helpful; still it requires that information users become adept in dealing with it. Currently, more new information is being produced than ever before (e.g., more new information has been produced in the last 30 years than in the previous 5,000). Approximately 1,000 books are published internationally every day; 9,600 periodical titles are published in the United States each year; and the volume of all printed knowledge doubles every eight years. Add to that the enormous amount of electronic information now available on CD‐ROMs, tapes, discs, and online through the Internet and the concept of information overload and information anxiety gains new meaning.
Forensic science: A library research guide
Authors: Killoran Katherine B.
Published: February 2008

In today's society with concern for crime and violence increasing and court television and celebrity trials bringing the criminal justice system, courtroom procedures, and rules of evidence into our living rooms, there is an increased need for reliable information about issues that are the core of forensic science: crime scene investigation and the collection and scientific analysis of physical evidence used in trials.
THE LIBRARY LIAISON OFFICER SYSTEM OF THE ROYAL AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: CHARLES WILLIAM DE LA BERE JOHN , DYKE MARY
Published: February 2008

In December, 1946, Mr. Brooks described to this Society the Library of the Meteorological Office; in the course of his paper he described his Information Service. During the discussion which followed questions were asked about the possibility of adapting such an information service, designed for a closely‐knit organization like the Meteorological Office, to a more complex organization like the National Physical Laboratory. One of us said, ‘I think I can give a partial answer to Dr. Walsh's question’, and then proceeded to give what may now be regarded as an abstract of the present paper.
TRAINING AND PRACTICE IN SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP
Authors: HUTCHINGS F.G.B.
Published: February 2008

The Syllabus of the Examinations of the Library Association is being modified to suit the needs of librarians employed in various kinds of libraries. In the nature of things no syllabus can be regarded as satisfactory for all types of library. We talk easily of libraries under three categories, public, university and special, but within each there is a wide diversity and the business of the syllabus must, therefore, be to provide a working foundation on which these varied interests may rightly develop. There is nothing exceptional in this. All training must begin by having regard to general principles, leaving the application of these principles to the judgment of the individual who applies them. Hence, what follows is based on the assumption that librarians in whatever library they are employed will be people who are capable of making a reasonable judgment on principles to suit their particular cases.
THE SELECTION OF PAPERS FOR RETENTION
Authors: EMMISON F.G.
Published: February 2008

When Adam delved and Eve span—and probably did most of the digging, too, for her lord and master—worries perchance did assail them, but we may be sure that their family business did not create archives which they had the trouble of storing. At some intermediate stage in history, when archives had accumulated, a genius hit on the idea of destroying them to avoid clutter. Now, every day in every clime somebody makes a similar decision, and despite what I have to say to this distinguished audience, will continue to do so, and in doing so will destroy material for history. Where it not so, record repositories would cover far more valuable soil than cemeteries. The trouble is not that so many business records are destroyed, but that the tiny proportion having potential historical interest goes as well as the rest.
THE LIBRARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE MOTOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Hewetson C.E.C.
Published: February 2008

TheInstitute of the Motor Industry, founded in 1920, is an incorporated institution providing qualifications, by examination, for executives and administrative staff in the motor industry. Most of the membership is drawn from the servicing and repair side of the industry but there is an increasing number of members engaged in the manufacture of vehicles and ancillary products. Thus, any library service provided must cover the needs of these individuals, as well as those of students studying for the examinations of the Institute.
THE LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
Authors: OWER E.
Published: February 2008

Likethe other contributors to this session, I have been asked to deal with the subject under a number of sub‐headings. But before I do so, I should like to make a few general remarks.
SIGNING BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: CLEGG HUGH A.
Published: February 2008

Whether or not it is true that Keats let himself ‘be snuffed out by an article’, the literary notoriety of the attacks on him in Blackwood's Magazine and the Quarterly Review a hundred and thirty years ago has ever since left editors and reviewers with a feeling of discomfort. The critics were anonymous. In some vigorous correspondence in the British Medical Journal two years ago on the question of signing book reviews a medical man once more asked the question ‘who killed John Keats?’ There was for medical men a two‐fold interest in this, because Keats studied medicine for six years, as an apprentice to a surgeon and as a student at Guy's and Thomas's. And the reviews in the two principal weekly medical journals in this country, the British Medical Journal and the Lancet, have always appeared as anonymous contributions. This, too, has long been the custom of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the principal weekly medical periodical in the United States. Last year, in the British Medical Journal, we broke the custom and the names of reviewers now appear at the foot of the notices they write.
THE WIDER ASPECT OF COLLABORATION
Authors: RANGANATHAN S.R.
Published: February 2008

Dr Ranganathan said he entirely agreed with Mr. Carter's statement on the difficulties—language, finance, personnel and lack of adequate secretariat—of international meetings. Nevertheless, the value of a learned society could he no more than that of its individual members, and an international conference depended on the contributions of member nations. All nations were still inexperienced and needed education in their duties.
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN THE FIELD OF BUILDING DOCUMENTATION
Authors: AGARD EVANS B.
Published: February 2008

This is the uncompleted story of an attempt to co‐ordinate documentation internationally in a limited field. It is presented as an example of how things do happen and in the hope that constructive suggestions may arise in the discussion.
2. AN APPROACH TO ARCHIVES
Authors: BAKER E.C.
Published: February 2008

I gave a general picture in my Summary of this paper of the process whereby the permanent records of a commercial firm or business might be formed. Such an introduction appeared necessary: it marked out the area of our subject and, I believe, represents considerations on which all archivists are in agreement. It seemed convenient too, that this elementary survey should be associated with my contribution to this session. Most of its details have already appeared elsewhere, but the only part Aslib has published is contained in an article last year from W. H. Chaloner, of Manchester University. They may be well‐known to you, but you will agree that they bear repetition. At any rate, we are now in a position to devote all the limited time at our disposal to examining a few of the difficulties we meet with in handling records. This approach is, I hope, in full accord with the Conference's motif as expressed in that lively, if inelegant, phrase: ‘the tricks of the trade’.
CORRESPONDENCE AS A SOURCE OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 1. INFORMATION FROM CORRESPONDENCE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Authors: ARNOLD D.V.
Published: February 2008

It has been said that ‘letters are the soul of trade’. Once upon a time this might have been true, but it would probably not be an exaggeration to say that the spate of letters and memoranda that nowadays pours in on us from all sides is one of the curses of present‐day industry and commerce. Much of it probably has it origin in the greater feeling of distrust that now seems to surround us all. Years ago men's verbal statements were frequently believed—nowadays everyone rushes to express themselves in the written word so that they can wave a miserable piece of paper in the face of their accusers!
2. THE COLON CLASSIFICATION
Authors: WELLS A.J.
Published: February 2008

The Colon Classification of Dr. Ranganathan differs in several fundamental ways from other schemes of classification and challenges a number of accepted ideas about the nature of classification schedules. The new developments, however, are fundamentally extensions of ideas already existing in incipient forms in the other schemes. Its various ‘devices’—so called by the author—are generally speaking no more than a rationalization of existing methods of synthetic number building common to the major schemes. The two principles which mark out the Colon Classification most distinctly from all others are the principle of facet analysis and the principle of mnemonics. I shall have to content myself here with an attempt to explain the principle of facet analysis.
REARRANGING AND RECATALOGUING A REFERENCE LIBRARY OF BOOKS
Authors: WRIGHT J.E.
Published: February 2008

Historical When in 1910 The Institution of Electrical Engineers moved to the present premises in Savoy Place the magnificent room set aside for the library seemed more than adequate accommodation. Nevertheless, in 30 years a library amasses a great deal of material, and this was especially true of one devoted to electrical and allied subjects in which there has been so much development.
SYMPOSIUM ON MICROPHOTOGRAPHY FROM THE USER'S POINT OF VIEW
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: February 2008

In the absence of Miss Ditmas the chair was taken by Mr. J. E. Wright. Formal papers were not read/but three speakers contributed their observations on microfilm apparatus now available to the librarian. A specimen of the German Mikrophot reader was on view and there was a display of photographs of the Kodak Library Reader, Model A.H., the Ediswan Microfilm Reader, and the B.K. Microfilm Reader, Model II. (Names and addresses of the manufacturers and some other notes will be found on p. 37.)
INFORMATION SERVICE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: MACKENNA R.O.
Published: February 2008

I was asked to speak on ‘Information Service: the Contribution of the University’. I take that to mean specifically the contribution that a University library can make towards satisfying the information needs of industrial research: but I hope you will not think me irrelevant if I begin by discussing the nature and functions of a university library in general, for these determine the contribution which it can make, and must therefore be understood before that contribution can be assessed.
THE PROBLEMS OF THE TECHNICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY
Authors: THOMAS P.W.
Published: February 2008

From the operating point of view there are two fundamental problems—that of finance and, to a lesser extent, time. Time in any event becomes less important if there is adequate finance. In the case of the library maintained by a technical society, finance is nearly always limited since the library is the private property of the society which is financed by its members' subscriptions. Practically ail the other problems faced by the librarian arise from the limitations of expenditure.
1. THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ‘KING COMMITTEE’
Authors: KING ALEXANDER
Published: February 2008

Dr King stressed that his Committee dealt with the whole question of technical information from the users' point of view. The investigation had covered information services within the Government, Government laboratories, etc., contracting firms and industry in general.
REPLANNING OF LIBRARIES
Authors: EXLEY M.
Published: February 2008

Though special libraries are now accepted as an integral part of most commercial and industrial‐concerns, most societies and institutions, they are rarely housed in premises suited to their needs. Few special librarians have the opportunity of planning a new library, but more frequently are they faced with the problem of adapting premises which at the outset are totally unsuited to library purposes. Special librarians should be very critical of premises which are offered to them. Anxiety to get a few extra square feet of room should not sway the librarian to accept a room where the windows are badly placed, the radiators taking up wall space needed for shelving, buttresses breaking up the wall surface, uneven floors, inadequate ventilation, etc. The practice of housing the library in the Board Room or Conference Room is fortunately passing, but should be resisted very firmly as impracticable.
INFORMAL REPORT ON UNESCO CONFERENCE ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERVICES
Authors: FRANCIS F.C.
Published: February 2008

The meeting was opened by the Chairman, Miss E. M. R. Ditmas, who reminded those present that the Unesco/Library of Congress Bibliographical Survey had been in progress for some considerable time. It had been hoped that the survey would have been discussed at an international conference which the International Federation of Library Associations had planned to organize in the U.S.A. during the autumn of 1950. In preparation for this conference various documents had been prepared, notably the First and Second Interim Reports, compiled by Mrs. Kathrine O. Murra, which had been discussed by an Aslib meeting on 2nd December, 1949,1 and subsequently by various other British organizations. At the same time similar discussions were being held in other countries and, as a result, a modified survey, compiled by Mr. Verner Clapp, was prepared and circulated to the national bodies co‐operating with Unesco in the spring of 1950. When it became apparent that, for economic reasons, it would not be possible to hold this conference, Unesco organized a smaller meeting, which was held in Paris during November, 1950.
TRAINING THE LIBRARY USER
Authors: AGARD EVANS B.
Published: February 2008

This paradoxical, painful and, to many, fatal situation, would not have arisen had the Ancient Manner and his companions been instructed in the art of making a small distillation plant or had they had the chemicals for rendering sea‐water potable. The great majority of users are in a similar position in a library.
TEXTILE INFORMATION GROUP
Authors: UVAROV E.B.
Published: February 2008

The nucleus of a ‘Textile Group’ of Aslib had been in existence for some years. The British Standards Institution Panel, OC/20/4/17—TEXTILES, which some time ago was engaged on a revision of Section 677 of the U.D.C., consisted principally of people fundamentally interested in textile documentation problems; a large proportion were Aslib members, and the meetings of the Panel, therefore, in some sense, fore‐shadowed the formation of the new subject group.
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING GROUP
Authors: CLEVERDON C.W.
Published: February 2008

The story of the formation of the Aeronautical Information Group differs from that of the other groups in that we had to persuade the Director of Aslib of the necessity of forming such a group. He felt doubtful whether there were in Aslib a sufficient number of members who would be interested. Possibly the most telling point in our argument was the list which we compiled of aircraft firms who were not members of Aslib, but who might join because of the formation of the group.