bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The intertwined metabolism during symbiotic nitrogen fixation elucidated by metabolic modelling
Authors: Pfau Thomas , Christian Nils , Masakapalli Shyam K. , Sweetlove Lee J. , Poolman Mark G. , Ebenhöh Oliver
Published: August 2018

Genome-scale metabolic network models can be used for various analyses including the prediction of metabolic responses to changes in the environment. Legumes are well known for their rhizobial symbiosis that introduces nitrogen into the global nutrient cycle. Here, we describe a fully compartmentalised, mass and charge-balanced, genome-scale model of the clover Medicago truncatula, which has been adopted as a model organism for legumes. We employed flux balance analysis to demonstrate that the network is capable of producing biomass components in experimentally observed proportions, during day and night. By connecting the plant model to a model of its rhizobial symbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, we were able to investigate the effects of the symbiosis on metabolic fluxes and plant growth and could demonstrate how oxygen availability influences metabolic exchanges between plant and symbiont, thus elucidating potential benefits of inter organism amino acid cycling. We thus provide a modelling framework, in which the interlinked metabolism of plants and nodules can be studied from a theoretical perspective.
Significant dose reduction using synchrotron radiation computed tomography: first clinical case and application to high resolution CT exams
Authors: Labriet H. , Nemoz C. , Renier M. , Berkvens P. , Brochard T. , Cassagne R. , Elleaume H. , Estève F. , Verry C. , Balosso J. , Adam J. F. , Brun E.
Published: August 2018

Since the invention of Computed Tomography (CT), many technological advances emerged to improve the image sensitivity and resolution. However, no new source types were developed for clinical use. In this study, for the first time, coherent monochromatic X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source were used to acquire 3D CTs on patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical potential of the images acquired using Synchrotron Radiation CT (SRCT). SRCTs were acquired using monochromatic X-rays tuned at 80 keV (0.350 × 0.350 × 2 mm3 voxel size). A quantitative image quality comparison study was carried out on phantoms between a state of the art clinical CT and SRCT images. Dedicated iterative algorithms were developed to optimize the image quality and further reduce the delivered dose by a factor of 12 while keeping a better image quality than the one obtained with a clinical CT scanner. We finally show in this paper the very first SRCT results of one patient who received Synchrotron Radiotherapy in an ongoing clinical trial. This demonstrates the potential of the technique in terms of image quality improvement at a reduced radiation dose for inner ear visualization.
Characterization and treatment of landfill leachate membrane concentrate by Fe2+/NaClO combined with advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Qiao Meng , Zhao Xu , Wei Xiaoyun
Published: August 2018

Landfill leachate membrane concentrate (LLMC) is a type of non-biodegradable wastewater intercepted by the membrane filtration of the landfill leachate membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in the LLMC collected from a landfill in Beijing were determined to be 4700 mg/L and 487 mg/L, 2–5 times higher than those in the MBR effluent. The photoelectro oxidation (PEO) followed with the NaClO enhanced Fe2+ coagulation were more effective for the removal of COD than the Fenton oxidation followed with the enhanced coagulation. The final removal efficiencies of COD, UV254, NH4+-N and color degree were 86%, 95%, 93% and 95% with Fe2+ (90 mmol/L) and NaClO (60 mmol/L, Fe2+:NaClO = 1.5:1), and PEO for 3 hours with a current density of 400 A/m2. Due to the existence of Cl−, the chlorinated intermediates, which would be more toxic, were detected in the PEO treatment. However, the intermediates could be eliminated finally. As a result, the NaClO enhanced Fe2+ coagulation treatment combined with PEO treatment was efficient for the treatment of LLMC.
MicroRNA (miR) 125b regulates cell growth and invasion in pediatric low grade glioma
Authors: Yuan Ming , Da Silva Ana Cristina A. L. , Arnold Antje , Okeke Laurence , Ames Heather , Correa-Cerro Lina S. , Vizcaino M. Adelita , Ho Cheng-Ying , Eberhart Charles G. , Rodriguez Fausto J.
Published: August 2018

Members of the miR-125 family are strongly expressed in several tissues, particularly brain, but may be dysregulated in cancer including adult and pediatric glioma. In this study, miR-125 members were downregulated in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) as a group compared to non-neoplastic brain in the Agilent platform. In the Nanostring platform, miR-125 members were downregulated primarily in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and gangliogliomas. Using CISH for miR-125b, highest levels of expression were present in grade II tumors (11/33, 33% grade II tumors with 3+ expression compared to 3/70, 4% grade I tumors) (p < 0.001). When focusing on the two histologic subgroups with the largest number of samples, PA and diffuse astrocytoma (DA), the highest expression levels were present in DA, in comparison with the PA group (p = 0.01). Overexpression of miR-125b in pediatric low grade glioma (PLGG) derived cell lines (Res186, Res259, and BT66) resulted in decreased growth and invasion, as well as apoptosis. Additionally, miR-125b overexpression in BT66 resulted in senescence. These findings suggest that miR-125 is frequently underexpressed in PLGG, and overexpression results in a decrease in cell growth and induction of apoptosis, findings that deserve further investigation given its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for PLGG.
Mutations causing low level antibiotic resistance ensure bacterial survival in antibiotic-treated hosts
Authors: Frimodt-Møller Jakob , Rossi Elio , Haagensen Janus Anders Juul , Falcone Marilena , Molin Søren , Johansen Helle Krogh
Published: August 2018

In 474 genome sequenced Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 34 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, 40% of these harbor mutations in the mexZ gene encoding a negative regulator of the MexXY-OprM efflux pump associated with aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone resistance. Surprisingly, resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones of mexZ mutants was far below the breakpoint of clinical resistance. However, the fitness increase of the mutant bacteria in presence of the relevant antibiotics, as demonstrated in competition experiments between mutant and ancestor bacteria, showed that 1) very small phenotypic changes cause significant fitness increase with severe adaptive consequences, and 2) standardized phenotypic tests fail to detect such low-level variations. The frequent appearance of P. aeruginosa mexZ mutants in CF patients is directly connected to the intense use of the target antibiotics, and low-level antibiotic resistance, if left unnoticed, can result in accumulation of additional genetic changes leading to high-level resistance.
A FTIR microspectroscopy study of the structural and biochemical perturbations induced by natively folded and aggregated transthyretin in HL-1 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ami Diletta , Mereghetti Paolo , Leri Manuela , Giorgetti Sofia , Natalello Antonino , Doglia Silvia Maria , Stefani Massimo , Bucciantini Monica
Published: August 2018

Protein misfolding and aggregation are associated with a number of human degenerative diseases. In spite of the enormous research efforts to develop effective strategies aimed at interfering with the pathogenic cascades induced by misfolded/aggregated peptides/proteins, the necessary detailed understanding of the molecular bases of amyloid formation and toxicity is still lacking. To this aim, approaches able to provide a global insight in amyloid-mediated physiological alterations are of importance. In this study, we exploited Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, supported by multivariate analysis, to investigatein situthe spectral changes occurring in cultured intact HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to wild type (WT) or mutant (L55P) transthyretin (TTR) in native, or amyloid conformation. The presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid aggregates of WT or L55P TTR, respectively, is a key hallmark of two pathological conditions, known as senile systemic amyloidosis and familial amyloid polyneuropathy. We found that the major effects, associated with modifications in lipid properties and in the cell metabolic/phosphorylation status, were observed when natively folded WT or L55P TTR was administered to the cells. The effects induced by aggregates of TTR were milder and in some cases displayed a different timing compared to those elicited by the natively folded protein.
Induction of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and interferon-gamma
Authors: Shin Jung-Min , Choi Dae-Kyoung , Sohn Kyung-Cheol , Koh Jung-Woo , Lee Young Ho , Seo Young-Joon , Kim Chang Deok , Lee Jeung-Hoon , Lee Young
Published: August 2018

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, relapsing hair-loss disorder that is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Several animal models for AA have been created to investigate the pathophysiology and screen for effective therapeutic targets. As C3H/HeJ mice develop AA spontaneously in a low frequency, a novel animal model is needed to establish an AA-like condition faster and more conveniently. In this study, we present a novel non-invasive AA rodent model that avoids skin or lymph-node cell transfer. We simply injected C3H/HeJ mice subcutaneously with interferon-gamma (IFNγ) along with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), a synthetic dsRNA, to initiate innate immunity via inflammasome activation. Approximately 80% of the IFNγ and poly(I:C) co-injected mice showed patchy AA lesions after 8 weeks. None of the mice displayed hair loss in the IFNγ or poly(I:C) solely injection group. Immunohistochemical staining of the AA lesions revealed increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltration around the hair follicles. IFNγ and poly(I:C) increased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in mouse skin. Taken together, these findings indicate a shorter and more convenient means of AA animal model induction and demonstrate that inflammasome-activated innate immunity is important in AA pathogenesis.
HDAC4 degradation by combined TRAIL and valproic acid treatment induces apoptotic cell death of TRAIL-resistant head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Lee Bok-Soon , Kim Yeon Soo , Kim Haeng-Jun , Kim Dae-Ho , Won Ho-Ryun , Kim Yong-Sung , Kim Chul-Ho
Published: August 2018

Although TRAIL can directly induce cell death in some cancer cells, it appears that TRAIL resistance exists in many cancers. This study focuses on anti-cancer drugs for TRAIL-resistant head and neck cancer (HNC) to provide further progress toward effective cancer therapy. Results indicate in TRAIL-resistant HNC cells, that combined TRAIL and VPA treatment greatly reduced cell viability and therefore induced cell death, relative to treatment with TRAIL or VPA alone. A caspase-dependent signaling pathway was demonstrated, and combined treatment with TRAIL and VPA also significantly decreased the expression of HDAC4. When we pretreated cells with z-VAD followed by combined treatment with TRAIL and VPA, cell death was blocked with no reduction in expression of HDAC4. To confirm that cell death involved HDAC4 in HNC cells, we knocked down expression of HDAC4 with siRNA, followed by treatment with TRAIL and VPA. Results showed that loss of HDAC4 sensitized the TRAIL-resistant HNC cells to apoptotic cell death. Finally, we showed elevated expression of HDAC4 in HNC tissues compared to normal tissues obtained from the same patients. In conclusion, we suggest that combined VPA and TRAIL treatment may be a promising therapy for HNC via HDAC4 degradation.
Experimental studies on effects of temperature on oil and water relative permeability in heavy-oil reservoirs
Authors: Qin Yadong , Wu Yongbin , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Fajun , Yuan Zhe
Published: August 2018

A heavy-oil sample derived from a block of Venezuelan oil was used to investigate effects of temperature on relative permeability to oil and water. Measurements of relative permeability were based on one-dimensional core-flow simulated systems using an unsteady-state technique at different temperatures, and then impact rules of temperature dependency were discussed. Both water and heavy oil in cores were reconfigured under the consideration of actual reservoir conditions. Study results suggest that relative permeability is high to oil phase and is very low to water phase, and fluid flow capability is extremely imbalanced between oil and water. As temperature increases, irreducible water saturation linearly increases, residual oil saturation performs a nonlinear decrease, and water saturation exhibits a nonlinear increase at equal-permeability points. The water-wettability of rocks is heightened and overall relative permeability curves shift to the right with increasing temperature; furthermore, two-phase flow area becomes wider and both oil and water relative permeability increases apparently, but the increase ratio of water is less than that of oil.
XPS investigation of the vacuum interface of an ionic liquid under triangular electrical excitation for slow transients
Authors: Camci Merve Taner , Ulgut Burak , Kocabas Coskun , Suzer Sefik
Published: August 2018

XPS monitors the re-orientation of the anionic and cationic fragments with in an ionic liquid at the electrified interface.
Expandability of a long C–O bond by a scissor effect in acenaphthofuran
Authors: Uchimura Yasuto , Shimajiri Takuya , Ishigaki Yusuke , Katoono Ryo , Suzuki Takanori
Published: August 2018

The angle strain induced by ring annulation on a spiro-type naphthofuran weakens its C(sp3)–O bond at the opposite peri-position and endows expandability, so that quite different bond lengths [1.493(3)–1.526(6) Å] are determined for the elongated C(sp3)–O bond of the corresponding spiro-acenaphthofuran derivative upon X-ray analyses of its pseudopolymorphs.
Preparation of crystal TiO2 foam with micron channels and mesopores by a freeze-casting method without additives and unidirectional freezing
Authors: Yang Yingchao , Xie Qing , Mukherjee Somnath , Zheng Yan , Yan Xiangyang , Yan Junlin , Liu Jing , Fang Yu
Published: August 2018

A novel strategy facilitated by self-assembly of a ligand to prepare crystal TiO2 foam with micron channels and mesopores.
Solvation of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-6-ol revealed by circular dichroism: a case of chromane helicity rule breaking
Authors: Rode Joanna E. , Górecki Marcin , Witkowski Stanisław , Frelek Jadwiga
Published: August 2018

The1LbECD band of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-6-ol change its sign with solvent.
Effects of aromatic substituents on the electronic structure and excited state energy levels of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives for singlet fission
Authors: Shen Li , Tang Zhaofeng , Wang Xuemin , Liu Heyuan , Chen Yanli , Li Xiyou
Published: August 2018

Aryl-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole-based singlet fission candidates have been designed and evaluated for extending the library of singlet fission sensitizers.
Optical properties and charge distribution in rod-shape DNA–silver cluster emitters
Authors: Taccone Martín I. , Berdakin Matías , Pino Gustavo A. , Sánchez Cristián G.
Published: August 2018

Our results show that the experimental optical properties of DNA–Agn are theoretically reproduced by considering the zigzag rod-shape structure of the metal cluster.
Factors affecting photocatalytic activity of visible light-responsive titanium dioxide doped with chromium ions
Authors: Nishiyama Naoto , Kozasa Keisuke , Okajima Toshihiro , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro , Yamazaki Suzuko
Published: August 2018

Titanium dioxide doped with Cr ions (Cr–TiO2) was synthesized by a sol–gel method, with only water as the solvent, and dialysis.
Erbium(iii)-based metal–organic frameworks with tunable upconversion emissions
Authors: Li Mengxue , Gul Salma , Tian Dan , Zhou Enlong , Wang Yangbo , Han Yingdong , Yin Lisha , Huang Ling
Published: August 2018

A series of Ln-MOFs with varied upconversion luminescence emissions were obtained, which follows an excited state absorption mechanism.
Localized mechanical stimulation of single cells with engineered spatio-temporal profile
Authors: Monticelli M. , Jokhun D. S. , Petti D. , Shivashankar G. V. , Bertacco R.
Published: August 2018

We introduce a new platform for mechanobiology based on active substrates, made of Fe-coated polymeric micropillars, capable to apply mechanical stimuli with tunable spatio-temporal profile on a cell culture.
An immunological electrospun scaffold for tumor cell killing and healthy tissue regeneration
Authors: Liu Xingzhi , Zhang Hongbo , Cheng Ruoyu , Gu Yanzheng , Yin Yin , Sun Zhiyong , Pan Guoqing , Deng Zhongbin , Yang Huilin , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo , Santos Hélder A. , Shi Qin
Published: August 2018

An immunological tissue engineering scaffold is fabricated using anti-CD40 antibody grafted in electrospun fibers for inducing cancer cell apoptosis, activating immune response and promoting healthy tissue regeneration.
Synthesis of next generation dual-responsive cross-linked nanoparticles and their application to anti-cancer drug delivery
Authors: Schwarzenböck Christina , Nelson Peter J. , Huss Ralf , Rieger Bernhard
Published: August 2018

Herein we present dual-responsive cross-linked polyvinylphosphonate nanoparticles obtained via a modular synthetic route and their application to anti-cancer drug delivery.
Simultaneous introduction of oxygen vacancies and Bi metal onto the {001} facet of Bi3O4Cl woven nanobelts for synergistically enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Dong Xing'an , Sun Yanjuan , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yuxin , Dong Fan
Published: August 2018

The oxygen vacancy and Bi metal are introduced onto {001} facet of Bi3O4Cl woven nanobelts for highly enhanced photocatalysis.
Solubility and size of polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Cowen Todd , Karim Kal , Piletsky Sergey A.
Published: August 2018

The application of Flory–Huggins theory for the prediction and control of polymer nanoparticle dimensions.
Morphology control of ZSM-5 zeolites and their application in Cracking reaction of C4 olefin
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhao Guoliang , Teng Jiawei , Wang Yangdong , Xie Zaiku
Published: August 2018

Different morphologies at different sizes were successfully obtained with thirty five types of additives and evaluated in the cracking reaction of C4 olefin.
Application of electrodialysis to extract 5′-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate: efficient decolorization and membrane fouling
Authors: Zhou Jingwei , Kuang Han , Zhuang Wei , Chen Yong , Liu Dong , Ying Hanjie , Wu Jinglan
Published: August 2018

In order to simplify the process of extracting 5′-ribonucleotides from hydrolysate in industry in an environmentally friendly manner, electrodialysis was introduced as an alternative route.
Synthesis of nanostructured powders and thin films of iron sulfide from molecular precursors
Authors: Almanqur Laila , Vitorica-yrezabal Inigo , Whitehead George , Lewis David J. , O'Brien Paul
Published: August 2018

Iron(iii) xanthate single-source precursors were used to deposit iron sulfide thin films and nanostructures by spin coating and solid state deposition.
CO2-philic WS2 laminated membranes with a nanoconfined ionic liquid
Authors: Chen Danke , Wang Wensen , Ying Wen , Guo Yi , Meng Donghui , Yan Youguo , Yan Rongxin , Peng Xinsheng
Published: August 2018

A nanoconfined ionic liquid facilitates the selective transport of CO2 through WS2 laminated membranes.
Sn4P3–C nanospheres as high capacitive and ultra-stable anodes for sodium ion and lithium ion batteries
Authors: Choi Jonghyun , Kim Won-Sik , Kim Kyeong-Ho , Hong Seong-Hyeon
Published: August 2018

Tin phosphide (Sn4P3) has emerged as an anode for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high reversible capacity and low redox potential.
Biodegradable polyester unimolecular systems as emerging materials for therapeutic applications
Authors: Liu Xuan , Fan Xiaoshan , Jiang Lu , Loh Xian Jun , Wu Yun-Long , Li Zibiao
Published: August 2018

Biodegradable polyester unimolecular systems are the future emerging materials for therapeutic applications.
Ultrabright, highly heat-stable gold nanoclusters through functional ligands and hydrothermally-induced luminescence enhancement
Authors: You Qi , Chen Yang
Published: August 2018

Strongly luminescent, highly heat-stable gold nanoclusters with a quantum yield of up to 59.6% were prepared by a simple hydrothermal reaction. Hydrothermally-induced fluorescence enhancement of gold nanoclusters is observed for the first time. Heat-stable gold nanoclusters can be applied as a luminescent label in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermal cycles of DNA amplification.
Exploiting the silent upconversion emissions from a single β-NaYF4:Yb/Er microcrystal via saturated excitation
Authors: Yuan M. , Wang R. , Zhang C. , Yang Z. , Cui W. , Yang X. , Xiao N. , Wang H. , Xu X.
Published: August 2018

Achieving intense nearly white upconversion emission from a single β-NaYF4:Yb/Er microcrystal via saturated excitation.
Highly bright and stable white-light-emitting cadmium-free Ag,Mn co-doped Zn–In–S/ZnS quantum dots and their electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jin , Pan Chun-Yang , Cao Fan , Wang Haoran , Yang Xuyong
Published: August 2018

Optimized white light emitting Ag,Mn:Zn–In–S quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a simple, scalable, reproducible, and low-cost one-pot non-injection synthetic approach.
Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer
Authors: Shyu Peter , Wong Xing Fah Alex , Crasta Karen , Thibault Guillaume
Published: August 2018

Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
Water molecules on the liquid superlubricity interfaces achieved by phosphoric acid solution
Authors: Gao Yuan , Ma Liran , Liang Yong , Li Bohong , Luo Jianbin
Published: August 2018

The superlubricity mechanism of phospholipid molecules on biological surfaces and interfaces has been receiving much attention. Since the superlubricity can be achieved with a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, the interaction of the phosphate group with the water molecule is considered to be the key to bio‐lubrication. However, no direct evidence has been offered to distinctly interpret the underlying mechanism of superlubricity, due to the limitations in the method for the detection of interfacial molecules, especially water molecules on the interface. By using sum‐frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, which is extremely sensitive to interfacial molecules, the authors were able to explore the underlying microscopic mechanism for superlubricity in a phosphoric acid system, which might be related to interfacial water molecules. By trapping the phosphoric acid aqueous solution between silicon nitride and silica surfaces, they discovered that phosphoric acid could exercise a great influence on the ordered structure of interfacial water molecules, contributing to SFG spectral changes in the broad O–H bond stretching region. This work directly revealed the interfacial interaction between water and phosphoric acid molecules in liquid superlubricity interfaces, which could shed new light on the microscopic mechanism of liquid superlubricity.
Research of SRFT improving and antenna broadband matching based on the IWO–LM algorithm
Authors: Jin‐Ling Zhang , Hong‐Ze Wang , Zhan‐Qi Zheng , Xiong‐Zhi Zhu
Published: August 2018

This study proposes two modifications to the classical simplified real frequency technique (SRFT). A hybrid algorithm called invasive weed optimisation Levenberg–Marquardt (IWO–LM) algorithm, which combines the IWO and the LM algorithm, is used to optimise the transducer power gain. So the stochasticity of the IWO is introduced to the classical SRFT, the matching result will not be limited by the initial values. Moreover, an additional programme is added to the classical SRFT, which can transform the lumped matching network to the corresponding microstrip circuit. This improved SRFT is used to design a broadband matching network for a printed dipole base station antenna and compared with the classical SRFT, and the corresponding results show that the improved SRFT is less affected by initial values under the similar matching effect. The microstrip matching network and the antenna are integrated together, and then they are fabricated depending on the simulation. The test result of a vector network analyser shows that the bandwidth after matching is 0.728–1.01 GHz and the relative bandwidth is 32.45%， which is improved by 69.98% compared with the unmatched one.
Winding turn‐to‐turn short‐circuit diagnosis using FRA method: sensitivity of measurement configuration
Authors: Devadiga Anurag A. , Harid Noureddine , Griffiths Huw , Al Sayari Naji , Barkat Braham , Jayaram Sheshakamal , Ikeda Hisatoshi , Koshizuka Tadashi , Taniguchi Yasuhiko
Published: August 2018

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is increasingly being accepted as an effective technique to diagnose transformer faults. Transformer electric parameters are affected by such faults in a complex manner, and there is yet no standard approach for interpretation of FRA results. Most studies have focused on diagnosing winding and core deformations, but subtle defects in the winding insulation and turn‐to‐turn short circuits can develop into a more serious fault, and their early diagnosis is equally important. Furthermore, there are several test configurations which have different sensitivities to different faults. This study reports a study where the winding input impedance is measured to diagnose turn‐to‐turn short circuits using different measurement configurations. A comparison is made between the sensitivities of each measurement configuration to faults of increasing severity. It is found that this fault is detected in the low‐ and mid‐frequency regions as significant reduction in impedance and a shift in resonance peaks towards high frequencies. The results, analysed using different statistical parameters, indicate differences in sensitivities with different levels of short circuits. Marginal variations were found between the sensitivities of statistical parameters in different frequency regions. The study provides useful contribution into interpretation of FRA signatures for turn‐to‐turn short‐circuit diagnosis of transformers.
TheKeplerview of magnetic chemically peculiar stars
Authors: Hümmerich S. , Mikulášek Z. , Paunzen E. , Bernhard K. , Janík J. , Yakunin I. A. , Pribulla T. , Vaňko M. , Matěchová L.
Published: August 2018

Context. Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars exhibit complex atmospheres that allow the investigation of such diverse phenomena as atomic diffusion, magnetic fields, and stellar rotation. The advent of space-based photometry provides the opportunity for the first precise characterizations of the photometric variability properties of these stars, which might advance our understanding of the processes involved and the atmospheric structures of mCP stars.

Aims. We carried out a search for new mCP stars in theKeplerfield with the ultimate aim of investigating their photometric variability properties usingKeplerdata. As an aside, we describe criteria for selecting mCP star candidates based on light curve properties, and assess the accuracy of the spectral classifications provided by the MKCLASS code.

Methods. As only very few known mCP stars are situated in theKeplerfield, we had to depend largely on alternative (non-spectroscopic) means of identifying suitable candidates that rely mostly on light curve properties; in particular we relied on monoperiodic variability and light curve stability. Newly acquired and archival spectra were used to confirm most of our mCP star candidates. Linear ephemeris parameters and effective amplitudes were derived from detrendedKeplerdata.

Results. Our final sample consists of 41 spectroscopically confirmed mCP stars of which 39 are new discoveries, 5 candidate mCP stars, and 7 stars in which no chemical peculiarities could be established. Our targets populate the whole age range from zero-age main sequence to terminal-age main sequence and are distributed in the mass interval from 1.5M⊙to 4M⊙. About 25% of the mCP stars show a hitherto unobserved wealth of detail in their light curves indicative of complex surface structures. We identified light curve stability as a primary criterion for identifying mCP star candidates among early-type stars in large photometric surveys, and prove the reliability of the spectral classifications provided by the MKCLASS code.
Teaching a Second Foreign Language in the Russian School
Authors: Gazizova Alfia , Mingazova Nailya , Subich Vitaly
Published: August 2018

Development of international cooperation which led to the inclusion of the second foreign language into the compulsory discipline list, according to the Federal Standards of Basic Education of the Russian Federation, raises the questions of radical changes, directions and conditions of teaching foreign languages which influence the formation of multilingual personality. The paper is aimed at looking into the peculiarities and problems of teaching a second foreign language in the Russian school in terms of goal-setting and the organization of educational process. The study is based on the experience of 22 schools in the Republic of Tatarstan, having been realized through investigating academic papers, official documents, contemplation of the educational process, etc. The results of the study reflect the organizational and methodological issues of foreign language teaching in the Republic (starting time of studying, duration of learning a foreign language, teaching staff, means of teaching, methodological basis, etc.) as well as the demand for learning European and oriental languages. The authors point out the relevance of better conditions for teaching a second foreign language (creating of organizational models, definition of the course length, etc.) and defining the objectives, connected with the contents of the academic discipline, efficiency of teaching a foreign language and the professional qualities of the teacher, his competence.
Teachers of secondary school as Democracy Coaches: Study of their conceptions during their initial formation
Authors: Ferreras-Listán Mario , Pineda-Alfonso José Antonio , Guichot-Muñoz Elena
Published: August 2018

This study has been developed within the framework of a European Erasmus + project called ELEF†. The aim of this project is to develop, implement, evaluate and replicate innovative democratic learning environments. With this purpose, the Democracy Coaches are trained as agents of citizen participation and generators of democracy, both in educational centres and in informal educational settings. In this context, and during various training sessions, the Democracy Coaches work with the knowledge and skills they need to acquire. This paper focuses on the study and analysis carried out on the concepts expressed by these teachers of secondary education during their training. In order for them to become democracy coaches in the formal educational field, we address concepts such as democracy, citizenship and the most appropriate teaching-learning methodology for illustrating these concepts and competences, bearing in mind that they should educate citizens with full awareness of their rights and duties.
An analysis of university students who are smokers according to their levels of addiction
Authors: Gercek Cem
Published: August 2018

Young people constitute one fifth of world population. Youth’s reasons for smoking include looking for excitement, getting away from problems and meeting emotional and social needs. Smoking addiction is the most common addiction among young people especially due to the fact that cigarettes are sold legally, and it is known that one out of two young people who try smoking become addicted. Being knowledgeable about youth’s smoking addiction will also raise the effects of health education activities. This study aims to evaluate the smoking addiction levels of university students who smoke. Thus, it uses survey model- which is one of quantitative research methods. The study group was composed of 93 volunteering university students chosen randomly. The research data were collected with Fagerström Nicotine Addiction Test. The data collected were put to descriptive analysis (percentages, frequencies, etc.). Accordingly, it was found that the majority of the participants had low or very low levels of smoking addiction, and that male students were more addicted than female students. The reason most commonly mentioned by the participants for taking up smoking was the circle of friends, while the reason for why they were smoking was their feeling of relaxation.
Investigating career guidance needs of middle school students
Authors: Balcı Süleyman
Published: August 2018

Purpose of this study is to analyze career guidance needs of middle school students. This study has been carried out in 2017-2018 academic year. Participants of this study are year-seven students of middle schools (n=241). In order to determine the sample, purposeful sampling technique were used. In the study, it was used Guidance Needs Determining Form, which is three-likert-type scale and were developed for primary education students. This scale has three sub-scales as personal/social guidance needs, career guidance needs and educational guidance needs. Sub-scale of career guidance needs were used to collect necessary data. Subsequently, frequencies and percentages concerning data of sub-scale items of career guidance needs were calculated. Moreover, findings related with career guidance needs of middle school students were given as in the table. Results have shown that career guidance needs of middle school students is meaningfully high in terms of some items.
Examination of decision-making skill in the context of critical situations
Authors: Aktaş Fatma Nur , Yakıcı-Topbaş Esra Selcen , Dede Yüksel
Published: August 2018

A teacher, who has a major role in the formation of class culture, needs to have proficiencies to design effective learning environments. The reflection of these proficiencies on classroom practices takes place via the decisions taken under critical situations. This study aims to find out the components underlying teachers’ decision-making. Participants of the study which was designed as a case study were elementary school mathematics teachers. The study was carried out through the individual interviews with participants about the decision making under critical situations after analysing participant teachers’ course observations which were video-recorded by the researchers. Data obtained from the interviews were analysed through content-analysis method. Based on the findings, it was found that teachers’ professional proficiencies could be presented in the same frame with the variables reflected on decision making.
A comparative study regarding secondary school students’ satisfaction degree regarding the physical education class in Romanian and in Turkey
Authors: Iconomescu Teodora-Mihaela , Mindrescu Veronica , Popovici Ileana-Monica
Published: August 2018

In order for physical education classes in school to achieve their goals in the training and development of pupils, they must participate with pleasure, convinced that physical exercise helps them maintain an optimal state of health, a harmonious physical and personality development. For these reasons, it is important to know how students appreciate the physical education classes, how attractive they are to them, and what are their views on how to improve teaching techniques. The survey was conducted during school year 2015-2016, in November for the school from Turkey, on a number of 100 respondents and in March, for the schools from Romania, on a number of 94 respondents. The self-designed questionnaire represents the most widely used method in quantitative sociological research. The self-designed questionnaire contained a total of 10 questions that followed: In the first 4 questions, it was followed the pupils’ opinion regarding the number of physical education classes in the school curriculum, the degree of satisfaction with the physical education classes in school, and the benefits that physical activity is believed to have. Questions 5-7 aimed at the rewards or sanctions received in the physical education class and the conflicts that may arise in the relationship between teacher and student. In both countries, physical education and sport require knowledge of all aspects associated with physical exercise, students’ willingness to exercise and practise a sport, the desire to engage in physical exercises and their awareness of the influence that physical education has on their health.
Investigation of emotions management skills, perceived social competence, friendship quality, social exclusion and need to belong in adolescents
Authors: Sert Agır Meral
Published: August 2018

The research was conducted to investigate the dynamics between emotional management skills, perceived social competence, friendship quality, social exclusion, and need to belong in adolescents. Previous studies emphasize the importance of competencies in adolescents related to emotional management skills in social and academic life as well as in the family. In this context, emotional management skills gain an importance as a feature that can help adolescents become a member of a group and meet the need to belong by positively changing the perception of the social competence of the individual, increasing social harmony, and developing meaningful and supportive friendships. Research data was obtained by applying "Emotions Management Skills Scale", "Perceived Social Competence Scale", "Friendship Quality Scale", "Social Exclusion Scale", "Need to Belong Scale" and "Personal Information Form" on 431 students (195 male, 236 female) in 9th, 10th, and 11th Grades in Kadıköy district, Istanbul province. Significant differences were found in friendship quality, perceived social competence, and emotions management with respect to gender. In addition, differences were found in investigated characteristics with respect to age, grade, academic achievement, family dynamics and, a negative relationship was found between social exclusion and emotions management skills, perceived social competence, and friendship quality.
An evaluation of language philosophy of Yunus Emre and Mevlana
Authors: Karabacak Esra , Piro Aslı
Published: August 2018

Philosophers express, share with other people and convey them their opinions through language. We can define language as a system of symbols which is used for expressing any mental activity and its transfer from one mind to another. Language plays an essential role in the spreading and sharing of philosophy. Language is an essential tool of communication for conveying opinions. As Mevlana stated, “no matter how much you know, what you say is not more than what others understand.” Mevlana’s poems, his poetry and the meanings he added to statements and words are very important for literature and its history. What is the place of literary works in language philosophy in Turkish literature? This is worth examining. Words have gained new meanings and their meanings extended to abstractions as a result of certain developments in the poetry tradition in the East. Likewise, the philosophical dimension of language can be solved based on the works of poets and authors who are considered as close to each other. Yunus Emre emphasized the supremacy of meaning and valuelessness of material things which integrated carrying the load of Islamic Sufism. Scientists who study Yunus Emre claim that he widely read and internalized the poems of poets who came before him. In addition to the general style characteristics of the poet, he also has some peculiar features. Choosing examples from the poems of Mevlana and Yunus Emre, evaluations will be made in terms of language and philosophy which will explore similar characteristics.
Polish education system under 2017 reform: Assumptions, aims and controversies
Authors: Wojniak Justyna , Majorek Marta
Published: August 2018

The paper analyzes some current changes in the Polish education system. The comprehensive reform of the system was undertaken in 2016, and the new system was introduced in the school year 2016/2017, changing the structure of the education cycle as well as the teaching content and the handbooks. The aim of the Ministry of National Education was to create a “good school” for students, teachers and parents. The reform, however, triggered a national discussion on its aims and assumptions, as it is accompanied by a number of controversies and strong differences of opinions in the Polish society.
Media labs–creative cooperation and mutual learning: Case studies across Europe
Authors: du Vall Marta , Majorek Marta
Published: August 2018

The idea of a media lab is not strictly defined. Media labs, in general, are experimental projects combining creative, research and education activities. As some researchers have concluded, “Media lab is not a name, only a tag that you can describe a specific type of place and - as with tags - use freely, according to and contributing to its conceptual meaning.” The study will present the most contemporary, important theoretical issues regarding media labs which, by creating a platform for exchanging experience and knowledge between people representing different professional groups, such as programmers, culture animators and academic researchers, enable work on projects seeking convergence of knowledge, multimedia and technology. The authors will also focus on case studies to indicate the wide range of possibilities for applying this model of creative cooperation.
Investigate the effect of bicycle education provided for children with autism on recognising bicycle and cycling skill
Authors: Kavlak Bircan , Başaran Zekiye , Çolak Serap , Kılınç Mecit , Arslan Osman
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bicycle training on children with autism on their ability to recognize and ride cycling. The sample of the study consisted of 33 children aged 5-17 years. The prepared program was applied for 3 days per week and 2 sessions for each child separately. "Cycling riding skill observation form for autistic individuals" which prepared by Kavlak was used as a data collection tool. The data obtained from the form was analyzed with the SPSS 22 packet program. Descriptive statistics and from dependent variables Wilcoxon Test was applied to non-normal distribution data (p<0.05). At the end of study; a statistically significant difference (p =. 000) was found between the pre-test / post-test scores of the cycling skill observation form. This difference was also found in all the items on the form. Bicycle Skill Training has been a positive influence on children with autism. And all the children who participated in the exercise learned to use bicycles. Such special trainings will help their development and maintain a happier life.
The Impact of Scientific Creative Thinking Skills on Scientific Process Skills
Authors: Demir Kaçan Sibel , Şahin Fatma
Published: August 2018

The research aims to determine “the Impact of Scientific Creative Thinking Skills on Scientific Process Skills”. Thus, the research was performed with 24 teacher candidates in the control group and 24 teacher candidates in the experimental group in the second class of the Department of Science Teaching in a university in Istanbul Province. In the experimental group of the research, the laboratory program to be designed by the researchers on the basis of scientific discussion and research; and in the control group, the conventionally designed laboratory program were applied for an academic semester. The research data was gained through “Scientific Creativity Test” to be developed by Hu and Adey [14] and adapted by Kadayıfçı [16]; “Scientific Process Skills Test” to be developed by Okey, Wise and Burns, and adapted by Geban, Aşkar and Özkan into Turkish. The conclusions to be reached by the research are in favour of the experimental group and the last application, and it has positive impact on the opinions of the teacher candidates related with the development of the scientific creativity skills.
The determination of the pain beliefs of the students at Akdeniz University Vocational School of Health Services
Authors: Gül Hatice , Erel Suat
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the pain beliefs of Akdeniz University Vocational School of Health Services (AUVSHS) students. Fifty Physiotherapy Assistants students, 54 Paramedic students and 37 Elderly Care students who take pain education in their curriculum and 50 Child Development and Care students who do not take pain education were included in this study. The pain beliefs of the students were evaluated with Pain Beliefs Questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference between organic (OBS) and psychological pain belief scores (PBS) of programs with and without pain education (p>0,05). There was statistically significant difference between OBS and PBS in favor of PBS in all programs (p<0,05). In conclusion, it was determined that pain beliefs in AUVSHS were similar in all programs. It is important to balance between organic and psychological pain beliefs. So we plan to develop new training strategies to balance student’s pain beliefs.
Control of the Restriction Point by Rb and p21
Authors: Moser Justin , Miller Iain , Carter Dylan , Spencer Sabrina L.
Published: August 2018

Significance

The canonical Restriction Point model suggests that cells are born into a state in which they are uncommitted to the cell cycle, but will activate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cross the Restriction Point several hours later if sufficient nutrients are available. However, recent single-cell studies have challenged aspects of this model. This work examines the Restriction Point in cancerous and noncancerous cells and shows that, in six cases tested, the cell populations split such that only a subset of cells is born into a pre-Restriction Point state, while the remainder immediately commits to another cell cycle. This shows that even cancer cells can experience significant heterogeneity in this cell fate decision, which may be exploitable for therapeutic gain.