bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Financial Ratio Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Retail Trade Companies in Indonesia Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: SIPAHUTAR Robinson , PURBA Betniar
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the financial performance of retail trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 until early 2021. The financial ratios used are the current ratio, debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio. , total assets turnover, and return on equity. The population in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. . The population is 26 retail trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. A sample of 24 companies that have published their financial statements 2020. The data analysis method used is the paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test, which were previously tested normality. The results of the analysis show that the company's profitability during the COVID-19 pandemic when viewed from ROA, ROE and PM can be said to be unhealthy, because the company's average profitability is below the industry standard ratio value. Meanwhile, the company's liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic when viewed from the CR, DER and DAR can also be said to be unhealthy. This can be seen from the average ratio value, far from the industry standard ratio value.
The Influence of Management Commitment and Information Technology Capabilities on Sustainable Value Creation (Survey on Sharia in Jakarta)
Authors: BADAWI Ahmad , NUGROHO Lucky , HIDAYAH Nurul
Published: August 2024

Sharia banks as sharia financial institutions have a role as intermediary institutions to carry out transactions with the community in accordance with the concept of maqasid sharia, namely the purpose of establishing sharia banks is to protect religion, protect the soul, protect the mind, protect descendants, and protect the environment (1) Sharia banking is expected to become a leading banking industry in providing financial services that contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are development that maintains a sustainable increase in the economic welfare of society, development that maintains the sustainability of life social community, and implementing the principle of Creating Shared Value (CSV) which is actually the basic essence of implementing maqashid sharia in the sharia economy (OJK, 2020). This research is very important for the development of sharia banking in Indonesia which is currently facing competition with conventional banking. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Management Commitment, IT Capability on Sustainability Value Creation. Quantitative research method using PLS analysis tools. The data used is primary data (Questionnaire) with employee respondents at sharia banks in DKI Jakarta. The research results concluded that Information Technology Capabilities and Management Commitment were proven to influence Sustainable Value Creation.
Consumer Preferences for Integrated Marketing Communication Expert28 Cafe Kediri
Authors: MESSAKH Ricky Oktaf , WONO Hilda Yunita , HERMAWAN Jessica Nathalia
Published: August 2024

Tourism is a major source of income for Indonesia, and Kediri is a popular destination for various types of tourism businesses. Expert28 Cafe Kediri, a local coffee shop brand, has successfully faced competition from other cafes by implementing effective marketing strategies. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is the key approach used by Expert28 Cafe Kediri to attract potential customers. The cafe has implemented several IMC activities, including advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, and digital marketing. To understand consumer preferences for these activities, a descriptive quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire. The study involved 71 respondents who were Expert28 Cafe Kediri consumers familiar with the IMC activities. The analysis revealed that consumers preferred digital marketing the most, followed by advertising, direct marketing, and sales promotion. This study's findings provide valuable insight to help Expert28 Cafe Kediri enhance their marketing strategies by focusing on the most preferred IMC activities, particularly digital marketing.
Impact Of Big Data Analytics On Audit Quality With Audit Delay As Mediator
Authors: HARYANTO Angga Bayu , SETIAWAN Edi
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of using Big Data Analytics on the quality of audits and the time it takes to complete audits in fintech companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022. Using a purposive sampling method, data from 20 companies were analyzed to assess the impact of Big Data Analytics on these factors. The results indicate that using Big Data Analytics reduces the time it takes to complete audits but does not directly impact the quality of audits. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that audit delay has a detrimental effect on the quality of audits, suggesting that extended delays might undermine the results of audits. However, the presence of audit delay does not mediate the effect of Big Data Analytics on audit quality. This implies that the advantages of Big Data Analytics in audit quality are relatively unaffected by delays. These findings highlight the importance of utilizing Big Data Analytics to improve the efficiency of audits. However, the impact on audit quality may be restricted, offering valuable information for improving audit procedures in the fintech sector.
The Role of Competitiveness in Mediating the Influence of Customer Relationship Marketing on the Marketing Performance of Fitness Plus Indonesia Ubud Branch
Authors: SETYAWAN I. G. N. Tomi , MARBUN Saortua , DEWI Luh Komang Candra
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of customer relationship marketing on marketing performance, examine the impact of customer relationship marketing on competitiveness, explore the influence of competitiveness on marketing performance, and examine the role of competitiveness mediation in the relationship between customer relationship marketing and marketing performance. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. The population of this study consisted of 1,741 employees at Fitness Plus Indonesia Ubud Branch, with 95 people selected as respondents. The data used in this study is quantitative data, obtained from primary data sources. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach with SmartPLS software version 3.2.7. The results of the study showed that: 1) customer relationship marketing had a positive and significant effect on marketing performance, 2) customer relationship marketing had a positive and significant effect on competitiveness, 3) competitiveness had a positive and significant effect on marketing performance, and 4) competitiveness was able to mediate the influence of customer relationship marketing on marketing performance.
The Role of CEO Financial Skills on Company Performance
Authors: PRADNYANATA I Gede Agus , NARINDRA Anak Agung Ngurah Mayun
Published: August 2024

Fast and dynamic economic growth requires companies to choose a chief executive officer (CEO) who has strong technical and managerial skills. One important ability for a company CEO to have is financial expertise. The CEO's financial capabilities can help the company manage resources more efficiently and effectively, especially during times of crisis. This research aims to determine the role of CEO financial expertise on company performance during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research is quantitative in nature using secondary data obtained from the company's annual report and financial statements. The sample for this research was 40 property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. The results obtained show that CEO financial expertise plays a negative and significant role in company performance. This finding explains that, during the financial crisis, the CEO's expertise was not able to improve company performance.
Measuring the Magnetic Dipole Moment and Magnetospheric Fluctuations of Accretion-powered Pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud with an Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: O’Leary Joseph , Melatos Andrew , Kimpson Tom , O’Neill Nicholas J. , Meyers Patrick M. , Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Laycock Silas G. T.
Published: August 2024

Many accretion-powered pulsars rotate in magnetocentrifugal disequilibrium, spinning up or down secularly over multiyear intervals. The magnetic dipole moment μ of such systems cannot be inferred uniquely from the time-averaged aperiodic X-ray flux 〈L(t)〉 and pulse period 〈P(t)〉, because the radiative efficiency of the accretion is unknown and degenerate with the mass accretion rate. Here, we circumvent the degeneracy by tracking the fluctuations in the unaveraged time series L(t) and P(t) using an unscented Kalman filter, whereupon μ can be estimated uniquely, up to the uncertainties in the mass, radius, and distance of the star. The analysis is performed on Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations for 24 X-ray transients in the Small Magellanic Cloud, which have been monitored regularly for ∼16 yr. As well as independent estimates of μ, the analysis yields time-resolved histories of the mass accretion rate and the Maxwell stress at the disk–magnetosphere boundary for each star, and hence auto- and cross-correlations involving the latter two state variables. The inferred fluctuation statistics convey important information about the complex accretion physics at the disk–magnetosphere boundary.
Giant Postflare Loops in Active Regions with an Extremely Strong Coronal Magnetic Field
Authors: Alissandrakis Costas E. , Fleishman Gregory D. , Fedenev Viktor V. , White Stephen M. , Altyntsev Alexander T.
Published: August 2024

We report for the first time the detection of thermal free–free emission from post-flare loops at 34 GHz in images from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph. We studied eight loops, seven of which were from regions with an extremely strong coronal magnetic field reported by Fedenev et al. Loop emission was observed in a wide range of wavelength bands, up to soft X-rays, confirming their multitemperature structure and was associated with noise storm emission in metric λ. The comparison of the 17 GHz emission with that at 34 GHz, after a calibration correction of the latter, showed that the emission was optically thin at both frequencies. We describe the structure and evolution of the loops and we computed their density, obtaining values for the top of the loops between 1 and 6 × 1010 cm−3, noticeably varying from one loop to another and in the course of the evolution of the same loop system; these values have only a weak dependence on the assumed temperature, 2 × 106 K in our case, as we are in the optically thin regime. Our density values are above those reported from EUV observations, which go up to about 1010 cm−3. This difference could be due to the fact that different emitting regions are sampled in the two domains and/or due to the more accurate diagnostics in the radio range, which do not suffer from inherent uncertainties arising from abundances and non-LTE excitation/ionization equilibria. We also estimated the magnetic field in the loop tops to be in the range of 10–30 G.
A Comprehensive Comparison of Spin-up and Spin-down Episodes of 4U 1538-522 Observed with NuSTAR
Authors: Hu Yongfeng , Ji Long , Yu Cong , Yang Lili
Published: August 2024

4U 1538-522 is a persistent high-mass X-ray binary that exhibits secular spin evolution. In 2019, it underwent a torque reversal from spinning up to spinning down. We performed an extensive study using four NuSTAR observations to compare temporal and spectral properties during different states. We observed no abrupt change in luminosity associated with the torque reversal. In addition, the pulse profile, the spectral shape, and the power spectrum remained unchanged before and after the torque reversal. The orbital and superorbital modulation profiles also showed no significant changes. We discuss possible mechanisms for the torque reversal and conclude that it is unlikely to be caused by interactions between the accretion disk and the magnetosphere. Instead, the transition of accretion modes in spherical accretion may be a plausible explanation.
GRB 211211A: The Case for an Engine-powered over r-process-powered Blue Kilonova
Authors: Hamidani Hamid , Tanaka Masaomi , Kimura Shigeo S. , Lamb Gavin P. , Kawaguchi Kyohei
Published: August 2024

The recent gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 211211A provides the earliest (∼5 hr) data of a kilonova (KN) event, displaying bright (∼1042 erg s−1) and blue early emission. Previously, this KN was explained using simplistic multicomponent fitting methods. Here, in order to understand the physical origin of the KN emission in GRB 211211A, we employ an analytic multizone model for r-process-powered KNe. We find that r-process-powered KN models alone cannot explain the fast temporal evolution and the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the observed emission. Specifically, (i) r-process models require high ejecta mass to match early luminosity, which overpredicts late-time emission, while (ii) red KN models that reproduce late emission underpredict early luminosity. We propose an alternative scenario involving early contributions from the GRB central engine via a late low-power jet, consistent with plateau emission in short GRBs and GeV emission detected by Fermi-LAT at ∼104 s after GRB 211211A. Such late central engine activity, with an energy budget of ∼a few percent of that of the prompt jet, combined with a single red KN ejecta component, can naturally explain the light curve and SED of the observed emission, with the late-jet–ejecta interaction reproducing the early blue emission and r-process heating reproducing the late red emission. This supports claims that late low-power engine activity after prompt emission may be common. We encourage early follow-up observations of future nearby GRBs and compact binary merger events to reveal more about the central engine of GRBs and r-process events.
Injectable Fluocinolone Implant for the Management of Cystoid Macular Edema in Coats' Disease
Authors: Patel Kishan G. , Abbey Ashkan M.
Published: August 2024

A six-year-old boy with history of Coats' disease and cystoid macular edema (CME) was treated with a combination of peripheral retinal laser, anti-vascular endothelial grown factor injections, and short-acting injectable steroids to control his disease process. Given the excellent response to shorter acting steroids and the need for general anesthesia for each procedure, the patient underwent placement of the injectable fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.18 mg (YUTIQ) with control of his CME at 30 months of follow-up. The authors conclude that a long-acting steroid implant may be beneficial in select patients with Coats' disease.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:679–681.]
Prescribed-time stabilization of nonlinear systems with uncertainties/disturbances by improved time-varying feedback control
Authors: Feng Lichao , Dai Mengyuan , Ji Nan , Zhang Yingli , Du Liping
Published: August 2024

We address the prescribed-time stability of a class of nonlinear system with uncertainty/disturbance. With the help of the parametric Lyapunov equation (PLE), we designed a state feedback control to regulate the full-state of a controlled system within prescribed time, independent of initial conditions. The result illustrated that the controlled state converges to zero as $t$ approaches the settling time and remains zero thereafter. It was further proved that the controller is bounded by a constant that depends on the system state. A numerical example is presented to verify the validity of the theoretical results.
Construction of new fractional inequalities via generalized $ n $-fractional polynomial $ s $-type convexity
Authors: Özcan Serap , Butt Saad Ihsan , Tipurić-Spužević Sanja , Mohsin Bandar Bin
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on introducing and investigating the class of generalized $ n $-fractional polynomial $ s $-type convex functions within the framework of fractional calculus. Relationships between the novel class of functions and other kinds of convex functions are given. New integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard and Ostrowski-type are established for our novel generalized class of convex functions. Using some identities and fractional operators, new refinements of Ostrowski-type inequalities are presented for generalized $ n $-fractional polynomial $ s $-type convex functions. Some special cases of the newly obtained results are discussed. It has been presented that, under some certain conditions, the class of generalized $ n $-fractional polynomial $ s $-type convex functions reduces to a novel class of convex functions. It is interesting that, our results for particular cases recaptures the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities and quadrature rules. By extending these particular types of inequalities, the objective is to unveil fresh mathematical perspectives, attributes, and connections that can enhance the evolution of more resilient mathematical methodologies. This study aids in the progression of mathematical instruments across diverse scientific fields.
Assessing Smartphone Addiction among Mexican Students: Insights, Implications, and Interventions in the Era of Mobile Learning and Virtual Environments
Authors: Esquivel-Gámez Ismael , Guerrero-Posadas Martín , Berthely-Barrios Julio Cesar , Vázquez-Ariza Jorge Luis
Published: August 2024

This study conducted a new adaptation of the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) for the Mexican population. The scale exhibited excellent internal consistency (α = .88), with one factor explaining 54.8% of the variance. 286 students aged 15 to 35 years of age from central and southeast Mexico revealed a prevalence of 30% excessive users (18% men, 12% women). They used smartphones primarily for communication, social media, entertainment, productivity, and browsing the Internet. No gender differences were found; however, a significant association with age emerged (rho = .221, p < .001). Withdrawal (72.7% women) and tolerance (80.8% men) were common symptoms of addiction, while ignorance of consequences was less frequent (33.3% women, 30.8% men). The prevalence of potential excessive use of smartphones was close to the average identified in the reviewed studies. The results revealed a substantial risk of addiction to smartphones, particularly among men. Finally, the successful adaptation of the scale offers a valuable instrument for future study and clinical evaluation. These findings can guide targeted interventions and educational programs tailored to different groups. Additionally, recognition of common symptoms of addiction allows individuals to identify and address potential problems at an early stage. However, more study is needed to validate the findings and explore additional contributing factors in the Mexican context.
Effectiveness of Virtual Labs for Physics Learning in Moroccan Secondary Schools
Authors: Menchafou Youssef , Aaboud Morad , Chekour Mohammed
Published: August 2024

The teaching of physical sciences primarily relies on the use of experimental activities to explain the phenomena and physical concepts taught theoretically in class. Nevertheless, this conventional approach faces various challenges and problems, which limit its ability to achieve the different pedagogical objectives set by teachers. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of virtual laboratories (“VLABs”) as an alternative tool to traditional practices for teaching physics concepts in Moroccan secondary schools. The methodology followed in this study is quantitative and based on two questionnaires. The first is intended for teachers to evaluate the experimental activities on VLABs based on a socio-technical and pedagogical heuristic study and to verify their conformity with the expectations and characteristics of each type of learner according to the Felder-Silverman learning style preferences. The second was administered in the form of an evaluation to compare the performance of the control group with the experimental group that integrated the opportunities offered by the VLAB LABSTER. The results show that VLABs are not only comparable to conventional experimental activities in terms of applicability, ease of use, and effectiveness in achieving the learning objectives for which they were initially designated but surpass them in terms of performance, as evidenced by the significant improvement of the mean obtained by the group that integrated the experimental activities on the VLAB. Thus, VLABs can be used not only as an alternative to traditional experimental activities in distance learning but also as a viable option for potential adoption even in traditional face-to-face physics instruction.
The Path to Resilience
Authors: Biju Diya Susan , Tantia Veerta
Published: August 2024

Household financial vulnerability represents a significant financial challenge, predominantly impacting low and middle-income households when faced with sudden changes in income or expenses. At the household level, this vulnerability might arise as short-term liquidity issues or long-term solvency concerns. While household debt is a primary factor contributing to this vulnerability, elements like financial capability and the use of digital payments also play roles. The repercussions of household financial vulnerability encompass financial stress and potential bankruptcy, underscoring the critical need to comprehend its dynamics. Thus, this chapter aims to extensively explore household financial vulnerability, including its determinants, theoretical frameworks, assessment methodologies, and strategies for mitigation.
A Cross-Country Perspective on Initiatives and Strategies for Sustainable Green Finance in the UK and India
Authors: Kumar Dileep , A. J. Lakshmi , M. P. Akhil , Unny Abilash , Sharma Vinod
Published: August 2024

Green finance is increasing its awareness and impact slowly but steadily across the globe. As it is envisioned, green financing is a regulated, organized, and well-coordinated financial activity with fine-tuned products and services, viz., loans, debt mechanisms, and investments, that's been designed to guarantee a healthier environmental result. It is expected that the green bond market possibly will be worth $2.36 trillion by 2023. To explore the receptivity of green financing and to understand its adoption among different countries, qualitative research was proposed with the support of interpretive philosophy. The green finance initiative scenarios from two countries were gathered through systematic literature review, case studies, and content analysis. Data extracted from the literature is analysed with proper coding and categorisation. The observations associated with two countries' analyses, viz., UK and India, clearly indicate that green financing is undeniably a vital approach that enables the shift to sustainable economic growth.
Managing Gig Economy Workers Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Mer Akansha , Mathew Joshy , Arora Shweta
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely transform the way the gig economy is managed. The study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape the management of gig economy workers with special reference to human resource management and the challenges faced by such workers. The study has employed an extensive literature review approach. The findings of the study reveal that AI and ML in the hiring and recruiting supports HR by expanding access to opportunities, enhancing personalisation, and mitigating bias and discrimination. AI brings changes in gig workers' performance management by monitoring performance indicators, examination of client input, skill gap identification, performance benchmarking. Furthermore, training platforms driven by AI can assist gig workers in determining the skills they need to acquire and in creating individualized learning plans. The novelty of the study stems from exploring the role of AI training and performance management, which is yet unexplored.
Examining Successful Models and Collaboration of Industry-Academia
Authors: Sankpal Shilpa
Published: August 2024

The case refers to the mechanics that oil a successful industry academic partnership and collaboration. Different models that exist in this domain have been touched upon with information about what needs to cement this relationship. Research into the factors that have been found to have the most impact on quality and durability of the collaboration has been cited in the case. Even though different fields have different expectations from a student coming out from the academic world, adequate attention to such collaborations can improve employability and reduce the disconnect between industry and academics. There are several benefits of this handholding between these interdependent stakeholders, and an exploration of the benefits that can accrue from the same have been presented through the extant literature on the same.
The Whispers in the Halls
Authors: Baber Ruturaj , Baber Prerna , Gulati Chanda , Di Virgilio Francesca
Published: August 2024

Online employee reviews, a hallmark of the digital age, significantly shape organizational image and influence job seeker choices. This research explores how the sentiment (positive or negative) of information in these reviews moderates how job seekers perceive organizations and make decisions during the selection process. By analyzing data from 213 Indian academics, the study aims to understand how job seekers utilize review information and uncover how the reviews' presence and sentiment affect the relationship between organizational image and candidate choices. This research contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between employer brand, online feedback, and talent acquisition in the digital age, informing strategic recruitment practices and enhancing understanding of contemporary talent acquisition strategies.
Analysing the Impact of Ergonomic Elements on Stress Among Female Corporate Employees
Authors: Chauhan Nupur , Mathur Yash
Published: August 2024

As the global workforce diversified, the understanding of physical, cognitive, and organisational ergonomics in the workplace became crucial. This study examined the influence of ergonomic workspace design on stress experienced by female employees. It scrutinised the effects of various elements within the workspace environment, including workstation seating arrangements, lighting, organisation of information, and interpersonal dynamics among colleagues and how these factors contribute to stress levels among women working in both public and private sector settings. The research comprised 40 participants selected from multinational corporations and government agencies through convenience sampling. Stress levels were assessed utilising the stress scale developed by Dr. Vijay Lakshmi and Dr. Shruti Narain, and ergonomic factors were explored through a self-developed questionnaire. The statistical method of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compute results and derive conclusions regarding the influence of workspace ergonomics on stress levels among female employees.
An Empirical Analysis of CSR's Initiative on Employee Behaviour
Authors: Sharma Brahmmanand , Nathani Navita , Sharma Kavita
Published: August 2024

In today's competitive education industry, incorporating corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a key strategy for enhancing performance and gaining a competitive edge. Previous research has shown that when academic industry implements CSR initiatives, it can positively influence employee engagement and result in beneficial behaviour. With this in mind, the purpose of the study was to investigate the CSR's initiative on employee behaviour in the academic sector. Using non-probability purposive sampling technique, the authors gathered data from 550 academic employees. Through analysis, the study assessed the ability of CSR to distinguish levels of employee engagement. Findings of the study demonstrated that company corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives hold immense power, reaching beyond mere employees behaviour. They possess the ability to greatly shape employee perceptions and actions towards the academic institutions.
Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Algorithms for Procedural Race Track Generation in Games
Authors: Alyaseri Sana , Conner Andy
Published: August 2024

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) aims to automatically generate the content of games using algorithmic approaches, as this can reduce the cost of game design and development. PCG algorithms can be applied to all elements of a game, including terrain, maps, stories, dialogues, quests, and characters. A wide variety of search algorithms can be applied to PCG problems; however, those most often used are variations of evolutionary algorithms. This study focuses on comparing three metaheuristic approaches applied to racetrack games, with the specific goal of evaluating the effectiveness of different algorithms in producing game content. To that end, a Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied to a game-level design task to attempt to identify any discernible differences in their performance and identify whether alternative algorithms offer desirable performance characteristics. The results of the study indicate that both the ABC and PSO approaches offer potential advantages to Genetic Algorithm implementation.
Optimized Application of the Decision Tree ID3 Algorithm Based on Big Data in Sports Performance Management
Authors: Huang Ke , Wang Tingxuan
Published: August 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sports performance management, the integration of Big Data analytics has become a game-changer. This paper established a sports performance management system on big data decision tree ID3 algorithm and analyzed the accuracy and time of the improved decision tree ID3 algorithm in sports performance management. The research results show that the data query and data display functions are widely used in the system, and the utilization rate of each function of big data in the system can be clearly seen. In the accuracy of sports performance management, the improved ID3 algorithm is obviously higher than the ID3 algorithm, and the accuracy is improved by 4.16%. In the average time of sports performance management, the improved ID3 algorithm takes less time than the ID3 algorithm, and the time is reduced by 31.50%. The big data technology used has greatly changed the performance information management system of colleges or sports events and provides a research reference for the management of sports performance.
Research Abstracts Presented at the Annual Academic Sessions 2024
Authors: Tennakoon Varuni
Published: August 2024

NA
Usage of Glimepiride and Metformin Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Established Complications in Indian Settings
Authors: Sheikh Shehla , Nagendra Lakshmi , Sinha Binayak , Bansal Beena , Dey Amit , Kumar Surendra , Ghatnatti Vikrant , Aushili M. , Pednekar Abhijit , Prasad Ashish
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the usage pattern of glimepiride and metformin fixed-dose combinations (FDC) and to determine its efficacy and tolerability in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with established complications in Indian settings.

Methods:

This was a retrospective multi-centric (n = 156), cross-sectional study. Patients of either sex, age above 18 years, who had developed microvascular and/or macrovascular complications receiving any strength of glimepiride and metformin FDC for the treatment of T2DM were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory assessments, and adverse event profiles were retrieved from medical records.

Results:

A total of 470 patients with a mean age of 53.6 years were included. The majority of patients was obese (68.1%). Hypertension (58.7%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by dyslipidemia (36.0%). Macrovascular and microvascular complications were observed in 21.5% and 86.8% of patients, respectively. Among the available strengths, glimepiride 2 mg and metformin 500 mg FDC was most widely used in 30.2% of patients. Dosage up-titration was observed in 44.3% of patients. A significant improvement in glycemic parameters was observed posttreatment with glimepiride and metformin FDC (P < 0.001). Physicians’ global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability showed a majority of patients on a good to excellent scale (96.0% and 93.1%).

Conclusion:

Glimepiride and metformin FDCs have been extensively studied and found to be safe and effective in improving glycemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycemic events and weight gain in T2DM patients with established complications in Indian settings.
Vildagliptin Sustained-release and Dapagliflozin Fixed-dose Combination in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ghosh Subhajyoti , Mukhopadhyay Mainak , Agrawal Mayur , Shahid Mohammad , Lamba Mahak , Jain Sudeep , Prasad Ashish , Gupta Amit , Kesarkar Rohan , Warrier Sona , Pednekar Abhijeet
Published: August 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease with multiple pathophysiological defects and generally requires a combination of antidiabetic agents to achieve glycemic targets. In this context, a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vildagliptin sustained-release (SR) and a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors dapagliflozin appear to be an attractive approach. There is a strong rationale for combining vildagliptin with dapagliflozin. They have complementary mechanisms of action that address several pathological pathways and are effective at all disease stages. Vildagliptin and dapagliflozin are generally well tolerated, with low hypoglycemia risk. Moreover, they exert beneficial pleiotropic actions on the cardiovascular system and kidneys, lower body weight, and blood pressure and reduce pill burden, providing an important option for managing a broad patient population. For Indian T2DM patients, who have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, this combination would be an appropriate choice. Furthermore, the once-daily 100 mg SR dosage of vildagliptin meets the requirements for compliance and adherence. However, data on the vildagliptin SR and dapagliflozin FDC are limited. This review summarizes the available evidence and provides rational, practical guidance for the optimal clinical use of vildagliptin SR and dapagliflozin FDCs in T2DM patients.
Spatial Distribution of Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence Rates in Iran: A Registry-Based Study (2018–2022)
Authors: Rastegar Maryam , Nazar Eisa , Shakeri Mohammad Taghi , Fakoor Vahid , Nasehi Mahshid , Sharafi Saeed
Published: August 2024

Background:

Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPTB) is a significant public health concern in Iran. This registry-based study aimed to investigate the incidence rates of SPPTB in Iran from 2018 to 2022.

Methods:

The study analyzed SPPTB cases using the Spatial Lag Model to investigate the spatial distribution of SPPTB incidence rates, income inequality, and delayed diagnosis across the provinces of Iran and mapped the results using GIS maps.

Results:

The study found that SPPTB is prevalent among older individuals and males. The analysis identified significant spatial variation in the distribution of SPPTB incidence rates, income inequality, and delayed diagnosis across the provinces. The highest incidence rate of SPPTB was found in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and Golestan provinces. The study found a positive association between income inequalities, measured by the Gini index, and SPPTB incidence rates, indicating that provinces with higher income inequality may have higher incidence rates of SPPTB. The negative correlation with delayed diagnosis implies that predominantly, SPPTB cases are identified in the early months.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the need to address socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes and implement targeted interventions in areas with higher income inequality to reduce the burden of SPPTB in Iran. Despite decreased SPPTB incidence rates in Iran over the past decade, some regions, such as Sistan and Baluchestan, still have high incidence rates. The Iranian government has implemented policies and programs to reduce income inequality and delayed diagnosis within the country, which can contribute to reducing the burden of SPPTB.
The Impact of Preoperative Intra-articular Injections on Postoperative Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Rana Parimal , Brennan Jane , Johnson Andrea , Baxter Samantha N. , Turcotte Justin J , Petre Benjamin M
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure commonly performed to treat various hip conditions. Preoperative intra-articular injections, such as local anesthetics and corticosteroids, are frequently used to alleviate pain and as a diagnostic tool before hip arthroscopy. However, studies have shown conflicting information; some demonstrate better patient outcomes, while others have found an increased risk of complications and negative effects on postoperative recovery. This retrospective study evaluated the association between preoperative injections and postoperative outcomes in hip arthroscopy patients.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of 1400 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2014 and 2021 at our institution was performed. The patients were allocated into two cohorts based on whether they received a cortisone injection with local anesthetic within 1 year before the surgery. Outcomes during the study follow-up period (average: 437 days, max: 3018 days) were compared. Further analysis looked at subgroups at 30-day increments.

Results:

The results showed that 35.5% of the patients had received a preoperative injection. Although patients who received injections were more likely to be female (68.3% injected vs. 60.8% not injected, P = 0.019) and have asthma (12.5% injected vs. 7.3% not injected, P = 0.008), there were no significant differences in 90-day complications, 90-day emergency department visits, 90-day readmissions, any complications (wound infection, re-injury, recurrent pain or weakness, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism), prolonged pain or recovery, reoperation, total hip arthroplasty, 6-month Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, 6-month Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement, or follow-up time between the injection and noninjection groups. There were no other differences in demographics, comorbidities, or physical function between the groups.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that preoperative corticosteroid injections with local anesthetics do not significantly affect postoperative outcomes in hip arthroscopy patients or increase the risk of adverse effects. Careful evaluation of these risks and benefits is crucial to minimize potential adverse effects and maximize patient outcomes.
Medullary nephrocalcinois and primary hyperaldosteronism - A rare and under recognised association
Authors: John R , Johnson JT , Rajan RR , Jebasingh F
Published: August 2024

Medullary nephrocalcinosis is an uncommon manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) and the exact etiology of this association is still debated. Here we report three cases of PHA with medullary nephrocalcinosis and how medullary nephrocalcinosis in one patient led to misdiagnosis as renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Although PHA and RTA can share overlapping symptoms, careful evaluation of clinical presentation, biochemical tests, and imaging studies are essential to differentiate between the two conditions and ensure appropriate management. Also, awareness of this uncommon manifestation of PHA is essential to avoid misdiagnosis as tubulopathy, as this may delay the treatment.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Entirely Calcified Porcelain Gallbladder: Challenges, Management, and Literature Review
Authors: Pipal Dharmendra Kumar , Vardhan Vikram , Biswas Prakash , Pipal Vibha Rani , Jatoliya Himanshu
Published: August 2024

Commonly referred to as a “porcelain gallbladder (PGB),” gallbladder calcification is usually asymptomatic. It is observed that chronic inflammation of the gallbladder can occur as a result of another underlying condition, specifically gallstone disease. In the past, there was a belief that PGB had a correlation with gallbladder cancer, with an incidence rate of 30%. However, recent studies have indicated that the rate is only 5%–22%. Patients diagnosed with PGB, who are deemed to be at an elevated risk of developing cancer may undergo prophylactic cholecystectomies. However, recent research indicates that a subset of these patients may potentially avoid this surgical intervention. As a result of the increased risk of gallbladder cancer, and the difficulty of holding and retracting the gallbladder, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was not often recommended for patients with PGBs in the past. However, with the advancement of technology laparoscopy is now a choice for such difficult cases.

Here we report a case of PGB in a 55-year-old female patient who complained of intermittent pain in the right upper abdomen with vaginal discharge. She was successfully managed laparoscopically.
Radiological safety perspectives among undergraduate dental students, interns, and dental assistant certificate students at Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Felemban Doaa
Published: August 2024

Background:

Dental imaging accounts for <1% of human exposure to ionizing radiation from of all types of medical imaging. Radiation-induced damage to cells has deterministic and stochastic consequences. The international commision for radiological protection recommends that any radiographic examination must be justified. However, studies measuring dental assistant (DA) knowledge and attitude towards radiation protection measures are lacking.

Aim:

Our study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward radiation protection measures among clinical dental students, interns, and DA certificate students.

Settings and Design:

The study was a cross-sectional observational analytical online questionnaire-based study.

Materials and Methods:

The questionnaire distributed over undergraduate students, DA certificate students, and dental interns.

Statistical Analysis:

Stata/BE 18.0 for Mac was used, Chi-square tests with a P < 0.05 indicating a significant difference in knowledge between groups.

Results:

A questionnaire was distributed to 203 of the participants. The average overall correct responses 46.14%. However, the DA student average correct answers were 38.71%.

Conclusion:

Students must improve their knowledge about radiation protective measures through educational sessions or pamphlets, particularly the DA. Radiology lectures should cover new safety precautions such as as low as diagnostically acceptable, shielding, and radiation to pregnant mothers, while incorporating national guidelines and recommendations.
Prevalence and clinical outcome of isolated aortic stenosis: A single-center experience
Authors: Al Rahimi Jamilah S. , Monaqil Abrar , Hersi Reem , Makki Reham , Al-Bakri Hadeer , Al Hashemi Hashem
Published: August 2024

Background:

There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence and clinical outcomes of patients with isolated aortic stenosis (AS) in Saudi Arabia.

Aim:

Study investigates the prevalence AS and the effects of different treatment modalities on patients’ symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with isolated trileaflet AS between October 2015 and October 2018. Of 2300 patients who presented to our institution with valvular heart disease, 107 (4.7%) had isolated trileaflet AS.

Results:

The patients’ median age was 76 years (range 67–82). Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom (n = This 86, 80.4%). The mean aortic valve area was 0.995 ± 0.35 mm2. Six patients (5.6%) had mild, 44 (41.1%) had moderate, and 57 (53.3%) had severe AS. Twenty-three patients with moderate/severe AS underwent surgery (22.8%), 24 patients underwent transcatheter valve intervention (TAVI) (23.8%), and 54 patients received medical treatment (53.5%). Marked symptom improvement was observed in patients who had surgery (n = 20, 86.96%), TAVI (n = 18, 75%), and medical treatment (n = 11, 18.33%) (P < 0.001). The factors affecting symptom improvement were surgery (odds ratio [OR] 21.97 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.79–100.7]; P < 0.001) and TAVI (OR 9.27 [95% CI: 2.38–36.08]; P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

A prevalence of 4.7% was found for isolated trileaflet AS in patients who presented to our institution with valvular heart disease. Symptoms improved in patients who received interventional approaches compared with those who received medical management. Medical management should be strictly reserved for patients who cannot tolerate surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Insights into hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women: Assessing seroprevalence, serological, and virological profile at a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Jothi J. Belinda , Kumar Shilpee , Bharti Rekha , Bhargava Aradhana
Published: August 2024

Background:

India bears a considerable global burden, hosting over 37 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, primarily transmitted through the perinatal route. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital.

Aims:

This study sought to assess the seroprevalence of HBV infection in pregnant women, analyze the serological markers of HBV infection, and ascertain the viral load of HBV DNA.

Settings and Design:

The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. It adopted a hospital-based cross-sectional design.

Subjects and Methods:

The study spanned from January 2021 to June 2022. HBV infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital was identified by screening their sera using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) ELISA. For samples testing positive for HBsAg ELISA, additional tests were administered, including HBeAg, HBeAb, hepatitis B core immunoglobulin M, and total hepatitis B core antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M + IgG) by ELISA. In addition, a quantitative assessment of HBV DNA was conducted using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:

All data underwent coding and entry into an MS Excel spreadsheet, with analysis executed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all pregnant women participating in the study.

Results:

Among the 1519 pregnant women screened for HBsAg, 15 tested positive, resulting in a seroprevalence of 1% (15/1519). Subsequent examination revealed two women with acute HBV/chronic hepatitis B-acute exacerbation infections (high infectivity) and 13 women with chronic HBV infections (low infectivity). Furthermore, only HBeAg-positive women exhibited HBV DNA levels surpassing 2000 IU/mL.

Conclusions:

The 1% seroprevalence of HBV among pregnant women implies an approximate count of 4 million infected women of reproductive age, posing a risk of vertical transmission to nearly 4 million newborns annually. With HBeAg-positive mothers, the risk of neonatal transmission ranges from 70% to 90%. Timely interventions for all pregnant women are imperative to mitigate HBV vertical transmission.