bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SONHOS DE 68: SEXO, CINEMA E... REVOLUÇÃO?
Authors: Guazzelli Cesar Augusto Barcellos , Machado Domingos Charles Sidarta , Beck José Orestes , Quinsani Rafael Hansen , Gonzaga Sandro
Published: December 2018

Este artigo aborda a visão contemporânea da sociedade sobre os eventos do ano de 1968. Para tanto, utilizamos como fonte o filme Os Sonhadores, de Bernardo Bertolucci. Em nossa análise, destacamos a interlocução do elemento fílmico com o contexto de 1968 – tanto na França como na sua relação com os Estados Unidos. Além disso, procuramos relacionar a película com a música e a produção cinematográfica representada na obra analisada.
Small Volumes, Concealed Images: Portrait Miniatures and the Body = Pequeños volúmenes, imágenes ocultas: Las miniaturas retrato y el cuerpo
Authors: Koos Marianne
Published: December 2018

This paper examines a group of artifacts that are paradigmatic for images worn on the body: the portrait jewel. In particular the article focuses on the envelopes in which English Renaissance portrait miniatures – like human bodies – were protected. Historical sources reveal very different materials: Besides paper, silk, ivory or velvet we find jeweled metal containers that made it possible to fix the portrait on one’s own body. The article analyzes how, both in images of an official and very intimate nature, these jeweled artifacts interact with the wearer’s body. It does so by focusing on the process of handling: Portrait jewels always demanded an act of opening and closing, of turning and folding, through which they ‘unfolded’ their specific semantics – and their very agency. How exactly these tiny items could model, transform and question binary relations of object and subject is finally shown with a ‘close reading’ of the Heneage Jewel, the most complex of these artifacts. Este documento examina una serie de objetos que representan ejemplos de imágenes que se llevan sobre el cuerpo: las joyas-retrato. En particular, el artículo se centra en los envoltorios con los que las miniaturas-retrato del Renacimiento Británico - al igual que el cuerpo humano - estaban protegidas. Las fuentes históricas nos revelan materiales muy distintos: además del papel, la seda, el marfil o el terciopelo, encontramos contenedores metálicos enjoyados que permitían llevar el retrato sobre el propio cuerpo. El artículo analiza cómo, tanto en imágenes de naturaleza oficial como muy íntima, estos objetos enjoyados interaccionan con el cuerpo del usuario. Esto tiene lugar centrándose en su proceso de manipulación: las joyas-retrato siempre requerían de una acción de apertura y cierre, de giro y plegado, a través de la cual desplegaban su significado específico así como su propio cometido. El cómo exactamente estas diminutas piezas podían modelarse, transformarse y cuestionar sus relaciones binarias entre objeto y sujeto, se demuestra finalmente con una lectura pormenorizada de la joya Heneage, la más compleja de estas piezas.
Revêtir l’armoirie. Les vêtements héraldiques au Moyen Âge, mythes et réalités = Vestir el escudo de armas. Los vestidos heráldicos de la Edad Media, mitos y realidades
Authors: Hablot Laurent
Published: December 2018

Notre imaginaire du costume médiéval est nourri par ces nombreuses représentations qui, dès le début du XIIIe siècle et jusqu’à la fin du Moyen Âge, nous présentent une façon singulière de porter l’image : le vêtement armorié. Toutefois, à lire les comptes ou à analyser plus précisément les textes narratifs ou les documents iconographiques, la réalité semble relativement différente et la diffusion de ces vêtements emblématiques nettement moins importante que l’iconographie ne le laisse penser. Même si le sujet demande à être approfondi, l’analyse des différents contextes d’utilisation de ces vêtements (guerre, tournois, rituels liturgiques et chevaleresques) et de leurs porteurs (chevaliers, dames, prélats, hérauts, animaux), permet de s’interroger sur les formes et les fonctions de ce support spécifique du signe héraldique.Nuestro imaginario sobre la indumentaria medieval se alimenta de numerosas imágenes que, desde inicios del siglo XIII y hasta el final de la Edad Media, nos presentan una manera singular de encarnar la imagen: el vestido heráldico. Sin embargo, cuando se leen los libros de cuentas o cuando se analizan con más detenimiento los textos narrativos o los documentos iconográficos, la realidad se nos muestra diferente y la difusión de estos vestidos emblemáticos se nos muestra menos importante de lo que podría hacer creer la iconografía. A falta de una mayor investigación sobre el tema, el análisis de diferentes contextos de utilización de estos vestidos (guerra, torneos, rituales litúrgicos y caballerescos) y de sus portadores (caballeros, damas, prelados, heraldos o animales) permiten que nos interroguemos sobre las formas y las funciones de este soporte específico de signo heráldico
Cuestionario para valorar las prácticas de enseñanza en secundaria desde la percepción de los estudiantes//Questionnaire for assessing teaching practices in high school from the perception of students
Authors: Arregui Eaton Irma Gloria , Chaparro Caso-López Alicia Alelí , Díaz López Carlos David
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN  La calidad de las prácticas de enseñanza es uno de los principales factores escolares que influyen en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por lo que es importante contar con herramientas de evaluación del ejercicio docente, que permitan generar insumos para fortalecer el trabajo en el aula. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito diseñar un instrumento para la valoración de las prácticas de enseñanza en educación secundaria, a través de la opinión de los estudiantes. El modelo conceptual que sustentó su diseño fue el Marco para la Enseñanza de Danielson, Edición 2013. El proceso de desarrollo implicó: (a) elaborar un banco de ítems y obtener las evidencias de validez de contenido; (b) reducir el número de ítems, mediante un proceso de optimización de la medida; (c) generar evidencias de validez de constructo a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Como resultado se obtuvo un instrumento de 30 ítems a través de los cuales se valoran tres de las cuatro dimensiones del marco de Danielson: (1) Calidad de la planeación y preparación de las actividades docentes, (2) Clima de aula, y (3) Enseñanza o instrucción.ABSTRACT  The quality of teaching practices is one of the main school factors that influence the success or failure of student learning. To strengthen the work of teachers in classroom is necessary to assess their professional practice. This study was conducted with the purpose of designing an instrument for assessing the performance of teachers of secondary education, through the opinions of their students. The conceptual model used was Danielson´s Teaching Framework, Edition 2013. The development process committed: (a) to elaborate an item pool and identify evidence of content validity; (b) to reduce the number of items using an optimization process measurement; (c) to obtain evidence of construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. The product obtained was an instrument of 30 items, which allow us to evaluate three of the four dimensions of Danielson framework: (1) Quality Planning and preparation of teaching activities, (2) Classroom climate, and (3) Teaching or instruction.
Indicadores para la contextualización de las competencias de los formadores ocupacionales//Indicators for the contextualization of the competences of occupational traiers
Authors: Valero Moreno Juan José , Quintanal Díaz José
Published: December 2018

RESUMENA pesar de venir definidas en la normativa cuáles deben ser las competencias de los formadores ocupacionales, de cara a establecer una certificación de las mismas, no se debe dar por cerrado el perfil profesional de estos docentes, sino que se debe considerar como un proceso flexible y cambiante capaz de ajustarse en cada momento a las necesidades sociales que vayan surgiendo en torno a estos profesionales. Ante la problemática que se plantea actualmente, tanto en el ámbito de la formación como en el laboral, sobre cuál es la forma más adecuada de evaluar la adquisición de unas competencias como resultado final de un proceso de aprendizaje, se pretende en este artículo presentar una propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de la adquisición de las competencias que se definen en el Certificado de Profesionalidad “Docencia de la Formación Profesional para el Empleo”, con la finalidad de hacer una propuesta de indicadores que permitan evaluar el grado de adquisición de dichas competencias por el alumnado que cursa este certificado de profesionalidad. A través de la formulación de estos indicadores se lleva a cabo una reflexión sobre los nexos que se originan entre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se ha llevado a cabo y la evaluación del desempeño del formador en su actividad profesional.ABSTRACTDespite coming down in the legislation which should be the competencies of the occupational trainers, in order to establish a certification there of, it should not be close the professional profile of these teachers, but that it should be considered as a process flexible and changing able to adjust constantly to the social needs that arise around these professionals. Faced the problem that arises today, both in the field of training and in the labour, about what is the way most appropriate to evaluate the acquisition of skills as a final result of a learning process, it is intended by this article present a methodological proposal for the evaluation of the skills that are defined in the certificate of professionalism "Teaching of The Training Professional Jobs", in order to make a proposal of indicators that assess the degree of acquisition of these competencies by students enrolled in this certificate of professionalism. A reflection about the links that originate between the teaching-learning process that has been conducted and the assessment of the performance of the trainer in his professional activity is carried out through the formulation of these indicators.
From the editors
Authors: Value Language
Published: December 2018

From the Editors

MULTIMODAL MEANS OF INSTRUCTION: BROADENING ACADEMIC LITERACIES AND PRACTICES

Departing from the concept of multimodality as “a field of application rather than a theory” (Bezemer and Jewitt 2010: 180), the current volume aims at presenting multimodal practices in different learning environments. Multimodal means of instruction can overtly change communication landscapes in terms of spaces and texts. In this volume, new academic identities are revised departing from multimodal texts (visual texts, written texts that use images, written texts that discuss visuals, etc.) which combine with the primary aim of generating meaning.
PowerPoint Presentations in the classroom: Re-evaluating the genre
Authors: D'Angelo Larissa
Published: December 2018

Author/s

Larissa D’AngeloDepartment of Foreign Languages, Literatures and CulturesUniversity of Bergamo, Italy

 

ABSTRACT

Since the late 1990s, Microsoft PowerPoint has become the expected presentation genre. However, several studies have demonstrated its many faults, such as the pre-formatted construction of discourse leading to the abuse of bullet point presentations, the limited format and size of slides that support minimum content and the ever-present risk of overwhelming viewers with too much text or data (Alley 2003, 2004, Robertshaw 2004, Gottlieb 1985, Keller 2003, Tufte 2003). Taking into consideration how the linguistic and visual elements, as well as the design and text organizations found in PowerPoint presentations have evolved in the last 20 years, the present paper analyses the negative effects that the default slide structure provided by Microsoft PPT, consisting of topic-subtopics and bullet points, has on the audience. The paper will then demonstrate the positive learning effects that the assertion evidence structure has on readers. The different retaining degree of three groups of undergraduate students are tested, after having exposed them to PPTs applying phrase headlines, phrase headlines and images or the assertion evidence structure.
Teacher’s feedback vs. computer-generated feedback: A focus on articles
Authors: Lvalue Lvalue , Hernández Puertas Tamara
Published: December 2018

Author/s

Tamara Hernández PuertasEscuela Oficial de Idiomas (Castellón), Spain

 

ABSTRACT

As attested by a vast number of studies, in the process of second/foreign language acquisition feedback plays an important role as it may trigger learners’ noticing of the mismatch between their interlanguage and the target language (Schmidt 1990). In foreign language classrooms, feedback on written production may not be properly provided due to a large number of students or time constraints (Chacón-Beltrán 2017). In this sense, the use of new technologies in the classroom may help both the teacher in the correction process and the student in his/her language development. In the present study we aim to compare feedback provided by the teacher and feedback provided by the software Grammar Checker (Lawley 2015). One group of English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) students received teacher’s feedback on their mistakes on articles in their written production whereas a second group obtained feedback on the same grammar aspect by means of the above-mentioned software. The control group did not obtain feedback on their errors. Results show statistically significant differences in the last composition for the group who received teacher’s feedback, although this feedback did not have a lasting effect in the tailor-made delayed test. In light of these findings, we may claim that the use of Grammar Checker as a potential tool for self-correction and feedback may facilitate students’ language development, at least on the grammar aspect under analysis.
Los nomina en la epigrafía anfórica de las ánforas Dressel 2-4 del Nordeste de la Hispania Citerior. Cambios estructurales e implicación de las élites urbanas
Authors: Járrega Domínguez Ramón
Published: December 2018

Se analiza aquí la evidencia proporcionada por las marcas anfóricas de la producción Dressel 2-4 de la costa nordeste de la Hispania Citerior (actual costa catalana), especialmente en el área layetana, alrededor de Barcino (Barcelona), así como en la zona de Tarraco (Tarragona). Con la aparición de estas ánforas hacia el cambio de Era, se produjo una remodelación de la producción, con la creación de grandes alfarerías que han proporcionado una abundante epigrafía anfórica, si bien mayoritariamente refleja nombres de origen servil. El estudio de los nomina de ciudadanos o personajes libres mencionados en los sellos anfóricos es clave para la identificación de los personajes implicados en el proceso de producción, si bien la escasez de la evidencia dificulta enormemente poder establecer conclusiones fiables.
Nuevos testimonios de pebeteros en forma de cabeza femenina en la Contestania: los ejemplares de Aspe e Ifach
Authors: Verdú Parra Enric
Published: December 2018

A partir de la identificación de dos nuevos representantes de pebeteros en forma de cabeza femenina, ambos pertenecientes al modelo denominado “tipo Guardamar”, y contando además con la ayuda de otros hallazgos recientes, el presente trabajo retoma el debate sobre la fabricación, origen, cronología y funcionalidad de estos peculiares objetos. Del mismo modo, el estudio busca trazar nuevas vías de análisis, incidiendo en el asunto de la producción indígena de estas figuras de terracota, con la intención de contextualizar estos materiales en el ámbito de la Contestania ibérica.
Primera campaña de excavación en el poblado ibérico del Pico de los Ajos (Yátova, València)
Authors: Quixal Santos David , Mata Parreño Consuelo , Martínez Moreno Clara
Published: December 2018

Descripción de las estructuras y materiales hallados en la primera campaña de excavación arqueológica en el poblado ibérico del Pico de los Ajos, correspondiente al año 2017.
Tau monomer encodes strains
Authors: Sharma Apurwa M , Thomas Talitha L , Woodard DaNae R , Kashmer Omar M , Diamond Marc I
Published: December 2018

Tauopathies have diverse presentation, progression, and neuropathology. They are linked to tau prion strains, self-replicating assemblies of unique quaternary conformation, whose origin is unknown. Strains can be propagated indefinitely in cultured cells, and induce unique patterns of transmissible neuropathology upon inoculation into mice. DS9 and DS10 cell lines propagate different synthetic strains that derive from recombinant tau. We previously observed that tau monomer adopts two conformational states: one that is inert (Mi) and one that is seed-competent (Ms) (Mirbaha et al., 2018). We have now found that Ms itself is comprised of multiple stable ensembles that encode unique strains. DS9 monomer inoculated into naive cells encoded only DS9, whereas DS10 monomer encoded multiple sub-strains. Sub-strains each induced distinct pathology upon inoculation into a tauopathy mouse model (PS19). Ms purified from an Alzeimer's disease brain encoded a single strain. Conversely, Ms from a corticobasal degeneration brain encoded three sub-strains, in which monomer from any one re-established all three upon inoculation into cells. Seed competent tau monomer thus adopts multiple, stable seed-competent conformations, each of which encodes a limited number of strains. This provides insight into the emergence of distinct tauopathies, and may improve diagnosis and therapy.
Systematic identification of mutations and copy number alterations associated with cancer patient prognosis
Authors: Smith Joan C , Sheltzer Jason M
Published: December 2018

Successful treatment decisions in cancer depend on the accurate assessment of patient risk. To improve our understanding of the molecular alterations that underlie deadly malignancies, we analyzed the genomic profiles of 17,879 tumors from patients with known outcomes. We find that mutations in almost all cancer driver genes contain remarkably little information on patient prognosis. However, CNAs in these same driver genes harbor significant prognostic power. Focal CNAs are associated with worse outcomes than broad alterations, and CNAs in many driver genes remain prognostic when controlling for stage, grade, TP53 status, and total aneuploidy. By performing a meta-analysis across independent patient cohorts, we identify robust prognostic biomarkers in specific cancer types, and we demonstrate that a subset of these alterations also confer specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. In total, our analysis establishes a comprehensive resource for cancer biomarker identification and underscores the importance of gene copy number profiling in assessing clinical risk.
Replication study: Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET
Authors: Kim Jeewon , Afshari Amirali , Sengupta Ranjita , Sebastiano Vittorio , Gupta Archana , Kim Young H ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, Iorns Elizabeth , Tsui Rachel , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Errington Timothy M , Iorns Elizabeth , Tsui Rachel , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Errington Timothy M
Published: December 2018

As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology we published a Registered Report (Lesnik et al., 2016) that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper ‘Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET’ (Peinado et al., 2012). Here we report the results. We regenerated tumor cells stably expressing a short hairpin to reduce Met expression (shMet) using the same highly metastatic mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10) as the original study, which efficiently downregulated Met in B16F10 cells similar to the original study (Supplementary Figure 5A; Peinado et al., 2012). Exosomes from control cells expressed Met, which was reduced in exosomes from shMet cells; however, we were unable to reliably detect phosphorylated Met in exosomes. We tested the effect of exosome-dependent Met signaling on primary tumor growth and metastasis. Similar to the results in the original study, we did not find a statistically significant change in primary tumor growth. Measuring lung and femur metastases, we found a small increase in metastatic burden with exosomes from control cells that was diminished when Met expression was reduced; however, while the effects were in the same direction as the original study (Figure 4E; Peinado et al., 2012), they were not statistically significant. Differences between the original study and this replication attempt, such as level of knockdown efficiency, cell line genetic drift, sample sizes, study endpoints, and variability of observed metastatic burden, are factors that might have influenced the outcomes. Finally, we report meta-analyses for each result.
Convergence of monosynaptic and polysynaptic sensory paths onto common motor outputs in a Drosophila feeding connectome
Authors: Miroschnikow Anton , Schlegel Philipp , Schoofs Andreas , Hueckesfeld Sebastian , Li Feng , Schneider-Mizell Casey M , Fetter Richard D , Truman James W , Cardona Albert , Pankratz Michael J
Published: December 2018

We reconstructed, from a whole CNS EM volume, the synaptic map of input and output neurons that underlie food intake behavior of Drosophila larvae. Input neurons originate from enteric, pharyngeal and external sensory organs and converge onto seven distinct sensory synaptic compartments within the CNS. Output neurons consist of feeding motor, serotonergic modulatory and neuroendocrine neurons. Monosynaptic connections from a set of sensory synaptic compartments cover the motor, modulatory and neuroendocrine targets in overlapping domains. Polysynaptic routes are superimposed on top of monosynaptic connections, resulting in divergent sensory paths that converge on common outputs. A completely different set of sensory compartments is connected to the mushroom body calyx. The mushroom body output neurons are connected to interneurons that directly target the feeding output neurons. Our results illustrate a circuit architecture in which monosynaptic and multisynaptic connections from sensory inputs traverse onto output neurons via a series of converging paths.
HIPPO signaling resolves embryonic cell fate conflicts during establishment of pluripotency in vivo
Authors: Frum Tristan , Murphy Tayler M , Ralston Amy
Published: December 2018

During mammalian development, the challenge for the embryo is to override intrinsic cellular plasticity to drive cells to distinct fates. Here, we unveil novel roles for the HIPPO signaling pathway in controlling cell positioning and expression of Sox2, the first marker of pluripotency in the mouse early embryo. We show that maternal and zygotic YAP1 and WWTR1 repress Sox2 while promoting expression of the trophectoderm gene Cdx2 in parallel. Yet, Sox2 is more sensitive than Cdx2 to Yap1/Wwtr1 dosage, leading cells to a state of conflicted cell fate when YAP1/WWTR1 activity is moderate. Remarkably, HIPPO signaling activity resolves conflicted cell fate by repositioning cells to the interior of the embryo, independent of its role in regulating Sox2 expression. Rather, HIPPO antagonizes apical localization of Par complex components PARD6B and aPKC. Thus, negative feedback between HIPPO and Par complex components ensure robust lineage segregation.
Effects of crude oil on survival and development in embryonated eggs inCallinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896 (Decapoda, Portunidae)
Authors: Kelly Kelsie L. , Taylor Caz M.
Published: December 2018

Blue crabs,Callinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896, are ubiquitous along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA. These organisms play an integral role in the ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where not only are they a keystone species, but are also socioeconomically important. The survival of embryonated eggs is necessary to ensure adequate recruitment into the next generation. Because the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) occurred during the peak of the blue crab spawning season, the incident likely impacted blue crab embryos. In order to assess the effect of oil on embryonic growth and development, we collected embryonated eggs from seven different female blue crabs from the GOM throughout the spawning season and exposed them to an oil concentration of 500 ppb (the approximate concentration of oil at the surface water near the site of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig). Exposure to oil at this concentration caused a significantly larger proportion of prezoeae vs. zoeae to hatch from embryonated eggs in experiments lasting longer than 4 days. Exposure to oil did not significantly affect overall survival or development rate. The prezoeal stage is a little-studied stage of blue crab development. Though it may or may not be a normal stage of development, this stage has been found to occur in suboptimal conditions and has lower survival than zoeal stages. The larger proportion of prezoeae following prolonged exposure to oil thus indicates that crude oil at concentrations likely to be experienced by crabs after the DWH spill negatively impacted the development of blue crab embryos. In addition to providing insight into the effects of the DWH, this study sheds light on embryonic development in blue crabs, a critical, but poorly investigated phase of this important species’ life cycle.
Four tyrosine residues of the rice immune receptor XA21 are not required for interaction with the co-receptor OsSERK2 or resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Caddell Daniel F. , Wei Tong , Sharma Sweta , Oh Man-Ho , Park Chang-Jin , Canlas Patrick , Huber Steven C. , Ronald Pamela C.
Published: December 2018

Tyrosine phosphorylation has emerged as an important regulator of plasma membrane-localized immune receptors activity. Here, we investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of rice XANTHOMONAS RESISTANCE 21 (XA21)-mediated immunity. We demonstrate that the juxtamembrane and kinase domain of Escherichia coli–expressed XA21 (XA21JK) autophosphorylates on tyrosine residues. Directed mutagenesis of four out of the nine tyrosine residues in XA21JK reduced autophosphorylation. These sites include Tyr698 in the juxtamembrane domain, and Tyr786, Tyr907, and Tyr909 in the kinase domain. Rice plants expressing XA21-GFP fusion proteins or proteins with these tyrosine residues individually mutated to phenylalanine (XA21YF-GFP), which prevents phosphorylation at these sites, maintain resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In contrast, plants expressing phosphomimetic XA21 variants with tyrosine mutated to aspartate (XA21YD-GFP) were susceptible. In vitro purified XA21JKY698F, XA21JKY907F, and XA21JKY909F variants are catalytically active, whereas activity was not detected in XA21JKY768F and the four XA21JKYD variants. We previously demonstrated that interaction of XA21 with the co-receptor OsSERK2 is critical for biological function. Four of the XA21JKYF variants maintain interaction with OsSERK2 as well as the XA21 binding (XB) proteins XB3 and XB15 in yeast, suggesting that these four tyrosine residues are not required for their interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that XA21 is capable of tyrosine autophosphorylation, but the identified tyrosine residues are not required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity or interaction with predicted XA21 signaling proteins.
Comparisons of adaptive fault‐tolerant insensitive control methods for a class of linear systems
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Zheng , Lü Shao‐Yu , Tan Qi , Guan Wei , Du Ying‐Kui
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the problem of fault‐tolerant insensitive control is addressed for a class of linear time‐invariant continuous‐time systems against bounded time‐varying actuator faults and controller gain variations. Adaptive mechanisms are developed to adjust controller gains in order to compensate for the detrimental effects of partial loss of control effectiveness and bias‐actuator faults. Variations of controller gains arise from time‐varying and bounded perturbations that are supposed to always exist in adaptive mechanisms. Based on the disturbed outputs of adaptive mechanisms, three different adaptive control strategies are constructed to achieve bounded stability results of the closed‐loop adaptive fault‐tolerant control systems in the presence of actuator faults and controller gain variations. Furthermore, comparisons of convergence boundaries of states and limits of control inputs among adaptive strategies are developed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive control strategies and their comparisons are demonstrated by a rocket fairing structural‐acoustic model.
Electrolyte‐Gated n‐Type Transistors Produced from Aqueous Inks of WS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Higgins Thomas M. , Finn Sean , Matthiesen Maik , Grieger Sebastian , Synnatschke Kevin , Brohmann Maximilian , Rother Marcel , Backes Claudia , Zaumseil Jana
Published: December 2018

Solution‐processed, low cost thin films of layered semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are potential candidates for future printed electronics. Here, n‐type electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) based on porous WS2 nanosheet networks as the semiconductor are demonstrated. The WS2 nanosheets are liquid phase exfoliated to form aqueous/surfactant stabilized inks, and deposited at low temperatures (T < 120 °C) in ambient atmosphere by airbrushing. No solvent exchange, further additives, or complicated processing steps are required. While the EGTs are primarily n‐type (electron accumulation), some hole transport is also observable. The EGTs show current modulations > 104 with low hysteresis, channel width‐normalized on‐conductances of up to 0.27 µS µm−1 and estimated electron mobilities around 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, the WS2 nanosheet networks exhibit relatively high volumetric capacitance values of 30 F cm−3. Charge transport within the network depends significantly on the applied lateral electric field and is thermally activated, which supports the notion that hopping between nanosheets is a major limiting factor for these networks and their future application.
Nanomaterial Manipulation of Immune Microenvironment in the Diseased Liver
Authors: Hu Mengying , Huang Leaf
Published: December 2018

The liver contains intricate immunological mechanisms, capable of inducing both immune activation and suppression for the maintenance of a homeostatic immune environment. From an immunological point of view, chronic liver disease is indeed a result of the imbalance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. Therefore, application of immunotherapy in liver diseases is logical and contains a huge potential for future development. Despite rapid advances in immunotherapy, research at the interdisciplinary interface of immunology and material science is important for further enhancement of immunotherapeutic efficiency and reduction of side effects. Moreover, the liver is particularly suitable for the application of nanomaterial‐based immunotherapy due to its biological filtration function to sequester a majority of administrated nanoparticles from systemic circulation. Here, an insight of advanced liver diseases and how liver cells exert their immune functions in the diseased liver is summarized first to provide basic principles for therapeutic application, followed by an overview of the latest studies on nanomaterial‐based immunotherapy for liver diseases.
High‐Performance, Transparent Thin Film Hydrogen Gas Sensor Using 2D Electron Gas at Interface of Oxide Thin Film Heterostructure Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Kim Hye Ju , Jung Hae Jun , Park Ji‐Yong , Seok Tae Jun , Choa Yong‐Ho , Park Tae Joo , Lee Sang Woon
Published: December 2018

A high‐performance, transparent, and extremely thin (<15 nm) hydrogen (H2) gas sensor is developed using 2D electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of an Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), without using an epitaxial layer or a single crystalline substrate. Palladium nanoparticles (≈2 nm in thickness) are used on the surface of the Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure to detect H2. This extremely thin gas sensor can be fabricated on general substrates such as a quartz, enabling its practical application. Interestingly, the electron density of the Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure can be tailored using ALD process temperature in contrast to 2DEG at the epitaxial interfaces of the oxide heterostructures such as LaAlO3/SrTiO3. This tunability provides the optimal electron density for H2 detection. The Pd/Al2O3/TiO2 sensor detects H2 gas quickly with a short response time of <30 s at 300 K which outperforms conventional H2 gas sensors, indicating that heating modules are not required for the rapid detection of H2. A wide bandgap (>3.2 eV) with the extremely thin film thickness allows for a transparent sensor (transmittance of 83% in the visible spectrum) and this fabrication scheme enables the development of flexible gas sensors.
Microneedle‐Mediated Vaccine Delivery to the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Creighton Rachel L. , Woodrow Kim A.
Published: December 2018

The oral mucosa is a minimally invasive and immunologically rich site that is underutilized for vaccination due to physiological and immunological barriers. To develop effective oral mucosal vaccines, key questions regarding vaccine residence time, uptake, adjuvant formulation, dose, and delivery location must be answered. However, currently available dosage forms are insufficient to address all these questions. An ideal oral mucosal vaccine delivery system would improve both residence time and epithelial permeation while enabling efficient delivery of physicochemically diverse vaccine formulations. Microneedles have demonstrated these capabilities for dermal vaccine delivery. Additionally, microneedles enable precise control over delivery properties like depth, uniformity, and dosing, making them an ideal tool to study oral mucosal vaccination. Select studies have demonstrated the feasibility of microneedle‐mediated oral mucosal vaccination, but they have only begun to explore the broad functionality of microneedles. This review describes the physiological and immunological challenges related to oral mucosal vaccine delivery and provides specific examples of how microneedles can be used to address these challenges. It summarizes and compares the few existing oral mucosal microneedle vaccine studies and offers a perspective for the future of the field.
Device Fabrication Based on Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD) Synthesis of Conducting Polymers and Related Conjugated Organic Materials
Authors: Heydari Gharahcheshmeh Meysam , Gleason Karen K.
Published: December 2018

Conducting polymers (CPs) combine electronic conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical flexibility compatible with lightweight substrates. Due to these features CPs exhibit promising performance for a wide range of applications including electronic, optoelectronic, electrochemical, optochemical, and energy storage and harvesting devices. Fabrication of high‐quality CPs thin film in a large scale is of high demand in multiple industrial sectors. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising approach for scale‐up and commercialization of CPs in large‐scale thin film applications by a roll‐to‐roll process. The CVD technique is a versatile deposition technique for fabricating CPs due to its unique combination of characteristics, including formation of conformal coatings, processing at low temperatures, solvent‐free synthesis, uniformity of growth, mechanical flexible films, industrial scale‐up, and substrate‐independence. This review focuses primarily on the oxidative CVD technique for the fabrication of CPs and related conjugated polymers by emphasizing on their applications in devices.
Direct 3D Printing of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Silver Nanoparticle‐Based Nanocomposites for Multiaxial Piezoresistive Sensor Applications
Authors: Kwon Sung‐Nam , Kim Seung‐Woo , Kim Il‐Gu , Hong Young Kyu , Na Seok‐In
Published: December 2018

As a new area of biological integration systems ranging from fitness to costume, arable electronic devices are extensively investigated and recently focused on the development of customized and highly interactive devices with human‐friendly factors. Here, a facile method of integrating a three‐dimensional printing (3DP) with stretchable and conductive nanocomposite materials to form a multiaxial piezoresistive sensor that can detect human motion is presented. The multiaxial piezoresistive sensors are fabricated through direct 3DP of nanocomposites based on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and polyurethane. The sensor can detect not only compression, but also tensile strain upto more than 160%. Based on the synergy between GNPs and AgNPs, the sensor shows high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 48.2, which is a much higher value considering that most of the previously reported stretchable strain sensors are less than 35. In addition to the high sensitivity, the GNPs/AgNPs nanocomposite sensor exhibits a fast response time and excellent stability over 500 cycles. When the sensor is integrated into an LED light system, it functions as an interactive device that can control the intensity of light by detecting various human motions such as the bending of fingers.
An Optical pH Sensor Based on Diazaoxatriangulenium and Isopropyl‐Bridged Diazatriangulenium Covalently Bound in a Composite Sol–Gel
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Just , Rosenberg Martin , Frankær Christian G. , Laursen Bo W.
Published: December 2018

Optical pH sensing is still in its infancy due to lack of highly stable pH responsive dyes. The triangulenium fluorophores show remarkable photostability and have been demonstrated as the responsive dye in an intensity based ratiometric optical pH sensor using a fiber optical sensor hardware. Here, an optical pH sensor is reported where both the responsive dye and the reference dye are from the triangulenium family using free form optics for the hardware platform. A full spectrometer‐based sensor system consisting of sensor chemistry, hardware, and software is presented.
The link between selfing and greater dispersibility in a heterocarpic Asteraceae
Authors: Berjano Regina , Rodríguez‐Castañeda Nancy L. , Ortiz Pedro L. , Ortiz María A. , Arista Montserrat
Published: December 2018

Premise of the Study

Although an evolutionary link between breeding system and dispersibility has been proposed, to date empirical data and theoretical models of plants show contrasting trends.

Methods

We tested two competing hypotheses for the association between breeding systems and dispersibility in the heterocarpicHypochaeris salzmanniana(Asteraceae) by using both an experimental approach and surveys over 2 years of five natural populations along an environmental cline with a gradient of pollinator availability.

Key Results

Hypochaeris salzmannianaproduced two types of fruits, beaked (BF) and nonbeaked (NBF), which differ in their dispersal ability. TheBFwere lighter and had a lower dropping velocity and higher dispersal distance than theNBF. Potential for long‐distance dispersal, measured asBFratio per head, had high narrow‐sense heritability. Greater dispersibility and selfing ability were linked at all the scales studied. Both selfedBFandNBFfruits had longer plumes and lower plume loading than outcrossed fruits, characteristics that promote farther dispersal. Natural populations with a higher percentage of self‐compatible plants showed a higherBFratio. Moreover, selfing led to a higherBFratio than outcrossing.

Conclusions

The avoidance of inbreeding depression seems to be the most plausible selective pressure for the greater dispersibility traits of selfed seeds. Furthermore, the ability to modulate theBFratio and thus the potential for long‐distance dispersal of offspring based on its selfed or outcrossed origin could be advantageous, and therefore selected, under unpredictable pollination environments that favor higher dispersive selfers, which overcome both pollen limitation and inbreeding avoidance.
Interpenetration Isomerism in Triptycene‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Penghao , Li Peng , Ryder Matthew R. , Liu Zhichang , Stern Charlotte L. , Farha Omar K. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: December 2018

We describe an example of “interpenetration isomerism” in three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. By exploiting the crystallization conditions for a peripherally extended triptycene H6PET, we can modulate the interpenetration of the assembled frameworks, yielding a two‐fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF‐1 and a five‐fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF‐2 as interpenetration isomers. In PETHOF‐1, two individual nets are related by inversion symmetry and form an interwoven topology with a large guest‐accessible volume of about 80 %. In PETHOF‐2, five individual nets are related by translational symmetry and are stacked in an alternating fashion. The activated materials show permanent porosity with Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface areas exceeding 1100 m2 g−1. Synthetic control over the framework interpenetration could serve as a new strategy to construct complex supramolecular architectures from simple organic building blocks.
Reversible Optical Writing and Data Storage in an Anthracene‐Loaded Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Tu Min , Reinsch Helge , Rodríguez‐Hermida Sabina , Verbeke Rhea , Stassin Timothée , Egger Werner , Dickmann Marcel , Dieu Bjorn , Hofkens Johan , Vankelecom Ivo F. J. , Stock Norbert , Ameloot Rob
Published: December 2018

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) enable the design of host–guest systems with specific properties. In this work, we show how the confinement of anthracene in a well‐chosen MOF host leads to reversible yellow‐to‐purple photoswitching of the fluorescence emission. This behavior has not been observed before for anthracene, either in pure form or adsorbed in other porous hosts. The photoresponse of the host–guest system is caused by the photodimerization of anthracene, which is greatly facilitated by the pore geometry, connectivity, and volume as well as the structural flexibility of the MOF host. The photoswitching behavior was used to fabricate photopatternable and erasable surfaces that, in combination with data encryption and decryption, hold promise in product authentication and secure communication applications.
There and Back Again—The Journey of LiNiO2 as a Cathode Active Material
Authors: Bianchini Matteo , Roca‐Ayats Maria , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2018

This Review provides a comprehensive overview of LiNiO2 (LNO), almost 30 years after its introduction as a cathode active material. We aim to highlight the physicochemical peculiarities that make LNO a complex material in every aspect. We specifically stress the effect of the Li off‐stoichiometry (Li1−zNi1+zO2) on every property of LNO, especially the electrochemical ones. The key instability issues that plague the compound and the strategies that have been implemented so far to overcome them are discussed in detail. Finally, the open questions that remain to be addressed by the scientific community are summarized, and the research directions that seem the most promising to enable LNO to be fully exploited are elucidated.
Stereoinversion of Unactivated Alcohols by Tethered Sulfonamides
Authors: Marcyk Paul T. , Jefferies Latisha R. , AbuSalim Deyaa I. , Pink Maren , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Cook Silas P.
Published: December 2018

The direct, catalytic substitution of unactivated alcohols remains an undeveloped area of organic synthesis. Moreover, catalytic activation of this difficult electrophile with predictable stereo‐outcomes presents an even more formidable challenge. Described herein is a simple iron‐based catalyst system which provides the mild, direct conversion of secondary and tertiary alcohols to sulfonamides. Starting from enantioenriched alcohols, the intramolecular variant proceeds with stereoinversion to produce enantioenriched 2‐ and 2,2‐subsituted pyrrolidines and indolines, without prior derivatization of the alcohol or solvolytic conditions.
Extreme Adaptation in Caves
Authors: Soares Daphne , Niemiller Matthew L.
Published: December 2018

Cave adaptation leads to unique anatomical specializations in many taxonomic groups. As the role of vision is reduced or disappears in a subterranean environment, other specializations arise to allow the organism to successfully detect and interact with their environment. A suite of unique, convergent phenotypes associated with subterranean adaptation has emerged (termed troglomorphy), with reduction or loss of pigmentation and eyes being the most conspicuous. Two vertebrate groups that have successfully colonized and adapted to subterranean environments are cavefishes and cave salamanders. There are many shared troglomorphic anatomical characters shared between these two groups, and we describe herein the morphological traits that are unique to fishes and salamanders that are adapted to caves and other subterranean habitats. Troglobionts, animals strictly bound and adapted to underground habitats, are outcomes of not just regressive evolution, but also constructive adaptation. There are skeletal changes, such as broadening and flattening of the head, as well as hypertrophy of non‐visual modalities. Cavefishes and salamanders have lost eyes and pigmentation, but also enhanced mechanosenzation, chemosenzation and, in some cases, electroreception. Both cavefishes and cave salamanders have become important models in the study of the ecology, behavior, and evolution of subterranean colonization and adaptation. However, our knowledge is primarily limited to a few taxa and many questions remain to be studied. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Functional capabilities of probiotic strains on attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell inflammatory response induced by TLR4 stimuli
Authors: Kanmani Paulraj , Kim Hojun
Published: December 2018

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) respond to intruders and their cellular molecules by displaying inflammatory state that can be abrogated by probiotics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial activity of probiotic strains have yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate whether probiotic strains have immunoregulatory effects in IECs, and how they respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Caco2 cells were stimulated with LABs and followed by LPS. The expression of different cytokines that involved in toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling was analyzed. Caco2 cells that were exposed to LPS showed upregulated expression of IL‐6, CXCL8, CCL2, and BPI that were counteracted by LAB strains through the modulation of TLR negative regulators (A20, Tollip, SIGIRR, and IRAKM), p38 MAPK and p65 NF‐κB signaling. Lactobacillus plantarum, L. farciminis, and L. pentosus unveiled better activity as compared to other strains. Moreover, LAB strains were the potent inducers of immunoregulatory cytokines in coculture system. The expression of IL‐10 and TGF‐β were found to be higher as compared with LPS. Conversely, TNF‐α at the protein level was dampened by LAB strains in both the apical and basolateral compartments. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the selected LAB strains exert profound immunoregulatory effects in response to LPS on IECs; however, further studies in vivo and in clinical settings are important to corroborate these effects. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):223–235, 2019