bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Oscillating Water-Column Wave-Power Device
Authors: Zhu Junlin , Tang Peng , Zhang HongSheng , Zheng PengBo
Published: June 2024

The effect of wave forces on the structural safety of fixed oscillating water-column (OWC) devices is critical. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of an oscillating water column (OWC) device is constructed using the computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic performance of the numerical model is comprehensively validated. Finally, the hydrodynamic performance data are analyzed in detail to obtain meaningful conclusions. The results indicate that the horizontal wave force on the OWC device is approximately 6.6 to 7.9 times greater than the vertical wave force, whereas the lateral wave force is relatively small. Both the horizontal and vertical wave forces decrease as the relative water depth increases under a constant wave period and height. The horizontal wave force increases linearly with the wave height, whereas the vertical wave force increases with the square of the wave height. In addition, the highest dynamic water pressure is observed at the interface between the water surface and device, both within and outside the front wall of the gas chamber. The dynamic water pressure at different locations on the front chamber increases and subsequently decreases as the wave frequency increases.
Potential Distribution of 11 Species of the Genus Zephyranthes Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez Flores Zayner Edin , Moredia Rosete Yanet , Ruiz Valencia Jesús Alejandro , Pavía Fernández Yolanda Leticia
Published: June 2024

Potential distribution models are used to predict the presence and geographic limits of a species as a function of bioclimatic variables. The lack of knowledge of the geographic distribution of species endemic to Mexico is a limiting factor in understanding their ecology, conservation, and potential applications. Distribution models were generated with occurrence data of 11 species of the genus Zephyranthes, 19 bioclimatic and three topographic variables with the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) method. The dimensionality reduction analysis (PCA) allowed determining that, of the 19 variables, four contributed the highest percentage to the classification of the models, explaining more than 80% of the accumulated variance. The resulting models were evaluated according to the value of the area under the curve (AUC) and potential distribution models with AUC values >0.89 were obtained. The results suggest that most species are distributed in the biogeographic province of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. Zephyranthes concolor was the species with the largest potential distribution area. The species with the most restricted potential distribution was Zephyranthes sessilis.
Propeller Effects and Elasticity in Aerodynamic Analysis of Small Propeller-Driven Aircraft
Authors: Rostami Mohsen
Published: June 2024

The impact of propeller effects and power contribution on the aerodynamics of small aircraft is indispensable. The aerodynamic analysis of wings in flight varies from rigid wing analysis due to wing deflection caused by transferred aerodynamic loads. This paper investigates the intertwined influence of propeller effects and elasticity on the aerodynamics of small propeller-driven aircraft. Through a detailed methodology, a twin-engine propeller-driven aircraft is analyzed as a case study, providing insights into the proposed approach. Two critical analyses are presented: an examination of propeller effects in rigid aircraft and the incorporation of elastic wing properties. The former establishes a foundational understanding of aerodynamic behaviour, while the latter explores the impact of wing elasticity on performance. Validation is achieved through comparative analysis with wind tunnel test results from a similar rigid structure aircraft. Utilizing NASTRAN software, aerodynamic analysis of the elastic aircraft is conducted, complemented by semi-empirical insights. The results highlight the importance of these factors across different angles of attack. Furthermore, deviations from the rigid aircraft configuration emphasize the considerable influence of static aeroelasticity analysis, notably increasing longitudinal characteristics by approximately 20%, while showing a lower impact of 5% in lateral-directional characteristics. This study contributes to enhanced design and operational considerations for small propeller-driven aircraft, with implications for future research and innovation, particularly for the purpose of efficient concepts in advanced air mobility.
Guided Transformation of Abandoned Hydrocarbon Fields into Heat Storage Solutions Using Enhanced MCDA-AHP Geostatical Based Method, Hungarian Case Study
Authors: Abdulhaq Hawkar Ali , Geiger János , Vass István , Tóth Tivadar M. , Medgyes Tamás , Szanyi János
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a robust methodology utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to repurpose abandoned hydrocarbon fields for energy storage, supporting the transition to renewable energy sources. We use a geostatistical approach integrated with Python scripting to analyze reservoir parameters—including porosity, permeability, thickness, lithology, temperature, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity—from a decommissioned hydrocarbon field in Southeast Hungary. Our workflow leverages stochastic simulation data to identify potential zones for energy storage, categorizing them into high, moderate, and low suitability scenarios. This innovative approach provides rapid and precise analysis, enabling effective decision-making for energy storage implementation in depleted fields.
Desarrollo urbano inteligente sensible al agua: lineamientos para su diseño
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Sandra Cecilia , Rosas Ferrusca Francisco Javier , Rozga Luter Ryszard Edward
Published: June 2024

La emergencia climática y la crisis del agua han revelado la omisión del ciclo del agua por parte de los agentes que inciden en los modelos de planificación urbana, quienes han propiciado ciudades que sofocan el suelo, impidiendo la recarga de acuíferos y aumentando los riesgos de inundación. La desconexión entre la planificación hídrica y urbana generan estrés hídrico y crisis en las ciudades. Por ello, en el siglo XXI, los modelos de desarrollo urbano deben superar el análisis cuantitativo y priorizar enfoques cualitativos innovadores para gestionar eficientemente los recursos locales, especialmente el agua. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en delinear un modelo de Desarrollo Urbano Inteligente Sensible al Agua, a partir de una planeación urbana hídrica pluvial que responda a las necesidades actuales.
Feasibility of Multilevel Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in a Patient With an Intrapelvic Kidney
Authors: Hahn A.K. , Grace Z.T. , Megalla M. , Kia C. , Dacruz J. , Nagarkatti A.R. , Gifford E. , Zhou H.
Published: June 2024

Case: We present a 64-year-old woman with loss of lumbar lordosis with a preoperative computed tomography scan demonstrating the presence of an intrapelvic kidney with aberrant vasculature. A 2-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion with a 2-level oblique interbody fusion was planned. An anterior approach was successfully used to access the anterior spine without damaging the pelvic kidney.

Conclusion: Anatomic variations, both congenital and acquired, can pose significant challenges to surgeons during their dissection. We present a case where multilevel anterior interbody cage placement can be safely performed, even in a patient whose anatomy is complicated by an intrapelvic kidney.
Transforming Aluminum Welding Through FSW Innovations
Authors: Sjaifulah Sandifta Iffah , Mulyadi
Published: June 2024

This study explores the impact of process parameters on the macrostructure of Aluminum alloy AA6061-T651 welded via Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Using Fillet joints and hexagonal tool geometries, the study investigates variations in tool rotation speed, tool tilt angle, and depth of penetration. Results show that specimens with a tool tilt angle of 3.4° exhibit optimal macrostructural properties, including equiaxed structures and increased Mg2Si phases, enhancing mechanical properties. This research contributes valuable insights for optimizing FSW parameters in AA6061-T651 welding, with implications for improving weld quality and performance in industrial applications.
 
Highlight: 

FSW affects AA6061-T651 macrostructure.
Optimal parameters improve mechanical properties.
Study enhances aluminum weld quality.

 
 
Keyword:  Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Aluminum alloy AA6061-T651, Process parameters, Macrostructure analysis, Mechanical properties
Physics Informed Machine Learning for Reservoir Connectivity Identification and Robust Production Forecasting
Authors: Nagao Masahiro , Datta-Gupta Akhil , Onishi Tsubasa , Sankaran Sathish
Published: June 2024

Routine well-wise injection/production data contain significant information that can be used for closed-loop reservoir management and rapid field decision-making. Traditional physics-based numerical reservoir simulation can be computationally prohibitive for short-term decision cycles, and it requires a detailed geologic model. Reduced physics models provide an efficient simulator-free workflow but often have a limited range of applicability. Pure machine learning models lack physical interpretability and can have limited predictive power. To address these challenges, we propose hybrid models, combining machine learning and a physics-based approach, for rapid production forecasting and reservoir connectivity characterization using routine injection/production and pressure data.

Our framework takes routine measurements, such as injection rate and pressure data, as inputs and multiphase production rates as outputs. We combine reduced physics models into a neural network architecture by utilizing two different approaches. In the first approach, the reduced physics model is used for preprocessing to obtain approximate solutions that feed it into a neural network as input. This physics-based input feature can reduce the model complexity and provide significant improvement in prediction performance. In the second approach, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is applied. The residual terms are augmented in the neural network loss function as physics-based regularization that relies on the governing partial differential equations (PDE). Reduced physics models are used for the governing PDE to enable efficient neural network training. The regularization allows the model to avoid overfitting and provides better predictive performance.

Our proposed hybrid models are first validated using a 2D benchmark reservoir simulation case and then applied to a field-scale reservoir case to show the robustness and efficiency of the method. The hybrid models are shown to provide prediction performance that is superior to pure machine learning models and reduced physics models in terms of multiphase production rates. Specifically, in the second method with PINN, the trained hybrid neural network model satisfies the reduced physics system, making it physically interpretable, and provides interwell connectivity in terms of well flux allocation. The flux allocation estimated from the hybrid model was compared with streamline-based flux allocation, and reasonable agreement was obtained. By combining the reduced physics model with the efficacy of deep learning, model calibration can be done very efficiently without constructing a geologic model.

The proposed hybrid models with physics-based regularization and physics-based preprocessing provide novel approaches to augment data-driven models with underlying physics to build interpretable models for understanding reservoir connectivity between wells and for robust future production forecasting.
Fabric Defect Detection Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Nouri Zahra , Mohanna Farahnaz , Boluki Mina
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a method is proposed for the fabric defect detection based on the two-level K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers. First, six features are extracted from the directional grey level co-occurrence matrix of the fabric input image. Next, the minimum, maximum, median, and mean of intensities of the input image are calculated. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm is applied to reduce the feature vector dimensions. Finally, the first K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier is used for these features clustering. As a result, the fabric input image is classified to the defective and non-defective based on the trained data. In the second level, the defective fabric image features are extracted and reduced by the PCA and classified by the second KNN. As a result, each defect class is classified and their locations are determined by using the morphological operations. The proposed method performance is evaluated on the TILDA database. The simulation results show more than 90% improvement on the accuracy of the fabric defect detection in comparison to the recent related works.
Influence of compactness upon flammability, combustibility, and heat transfer properties of vegetation fuels
Authors: Boutchiche Hanane , Mosbah Omar , Sahila Adel , Viegas Domings Xavier , Zekri Nouredine
Published: June 2024

Using a cone calorimeter as a heat source, the influence of compactness on flaming ignition/residence times was explored experimentally for three different dry vegetation types (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, and wheat straw). While the residence time increases monotonically with the packing ratio, the ignition time exhibits a trend with at least one minimum for the fuels studied across a wide range of compactnesses from 3 to 50%. The range of the minimum ignition time is considerably narrowed to a few millimeters when the mean free path is employed in place of the packing ratio, demonstrating the importance of incident radiation in the heat transfer mechanism. For the Pinus halepensis needles, two minimum ignition times of approximately 12.5% and 34% were identified. A heat transfer analysis developed for this porous fuel using a theoretical model based on energy conservation showed that conduction and internal convection heat transfer enhance the heat flux received by the surface. The contribution of anomalous heating dynamics to ignition time behavior is further discussed. The model does not predict this anomalous dynamic because it does not account for the mass loss caused by heating.
Endothelial protein C receptor promotes retinal neovascularization through heme catabolism
Authors: Song Hongyuan , Li Qing , Gui Xiao , Fang Ziyu , Zhou Wen , Wang Mengzhu , Jiang Yuxin , Geng Ajun , Shen Xi , Liu Yongxuan , Zhang Haorui , Nie Zheng , Zhang Lin , Zhu Huimin , zhang Feng , Li Xuri , Luo Fanyan , Zhang Hongjian , Shen Wei , Sun Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) was increased during RNV, and its ligand was elevated in the serum or vitreous body of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Deleting endothelial Epcr or using an EPCR neutralizing antibody ameliorated pathological retinal angiogenesis. EPCR promoted endothelial heme catabolism and carbon monoxide release through heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Inhibition of heme catabolism by deleting of endothelial Ho-1or using an HO-1 inhibitor suppressed pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy. Conversely, supplementation with CO rescued the angiogenic defects after endothelial Epcr or Ho-1 deletion. Our results identified EPCR-dependent endothelial heme catabolism as an important contributor to pathological angiogenesis, which may serve as a potential target for treating vasoproliferative retinopathy.
Co-application of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modulated chromium and salinity stress via modifying physio-biochemical attributes in Solidago Canadensis L.
Authors: Nafchi Masomeh Alimohammadi , Kachoie Mehrdad Ataie , Ghodrati Leila
Published: June 2024

Climate change and human activity have led to an increase in salinity levels and the toxicity of chromium (Cr). One promising approach to modifying these stressors in plants is to use effective nanoparticles (NPs). It is unclear which well-known NPs are most effective in controlling salinity and Cr, as well as which one of salinity and Cr is more dangerous for plants. Although titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been used recently to decrease salt and Cr toxicity, it is unclear how TiO2 NPs compare to and function in conjunction with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs). The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of foliar-applied TiO2 NPs (15 mg L− 1) and HAP NPs (250 mg L− 1) separately and in combination on growth, photosynthesis, water content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and essential oils (EOs) of Solidago Canadensis L. under salinity (100 mM NaCl) and Cr toxicity (100 mg kg− 1 soil). Salinity was more deleterious than Cr by decreasing plant weight, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), EO yield, and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity. The co-application of TiO2 and HAP NPs proved to be more successful. This was evidenced by the increased shoot weight (36%), root weight (29%), Chl a + b (23%), RWC (15%), total phenolic content (TPC, 34%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 28%), and EO yield (56%), as well as the decreased MDA (21%), EL (11%), SOD (22%) and CAT activity (38%) in salt-exposed plants. The results demonstrated the effective strategy of combining these NPs to modify abiotic stress.
Characterization of polystyrene-degrading bacteria isolated from plastic processing plants
Authors: Torkar Karmen Godič , Šunta Urška , Fink Rok , Modic Martina
Published: June 2024

In this study, the occurrence of the most common types of bacteria and fungi on the surfaces of production lines, raw materials and finished products in plastics processing plants was investigated. In addition, the ability of selected bacterial strains to form biofilms and to degrade PS surfaces was determined. The surfaces examined mainly contained aerobic mesophilic bacteria (42.0% of the samples), followed by moulds (30.0%) and representatives of the genera Bacillus (28.3%) and Staphylococcus (19.9%). Growth on the solid medium with polystyrene was confirmed in 63 (63.4%) of the 96 selected strains, but only 3 (3.0%) of them were able to form a clear zone around the colonies. The highest weight loss of polystyrene was observed in the presence of Bacillus strains. The degree of degradation after 30 and 60 days ranged from 0.12–0.78% and from 0.21–2.15%, respectively. The number of living cells in biofilms on surfaces was lowest for the Gram-negative strains Burkholderia and Moraxella and highest for most Bacillus and some Micrococcus strains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed differences in the ratios of vibrational bands after exposure to bacterial strains, although no oxygen-containing functional groups were observed on the surface of polystyrene samples. The average contact angle values of polystyrene surfaces exposed to the tested bacterial strains decreased from 80.55 ± 0.39° to 73.64 ± 0.45° after 60 days of incubation. Some isolated bacterial strains from plastic production plants show the potential for more intensive degradation of such materials, which could have an impact on the quality and shelf life of plastic products.
Autoencoder-Based Data Clustering for Identifying Anomalous Repetitive Hand Movements, and Behavioral Transition Patterns in Children
Authors: Wedasingha Nushara Deshith , Samarasinghe Pradeepa , Senevirathe Lasantha , Papandrea Michela , Puiatti Alessandro
Published: June 2024

The analysis of repetitive hand movements and behavioral transition patterns holds particular significance in detecting atypical behaviors in early child development. Early recognition of these behaviors holds immense promise for timely interventions, which can profoundly impact a child's well-being and future prospects. However, the scarcity of specialized medical professionals and limited facilities has made detecting these behaviors and unique patterns challenging using traditional manual methods. This highlights the necessity for automated tools to identify anomalous repetitive hand movements and behavioral transition patterns in children. Our study aimed to develop an automated model for the early identification of anomalous repetitive hand movements and the detection of unique behavioral patterns. Utilizing autoencoders, self-similarity matrices, and unsupervised clustering algorithms, we analyzed skeleton and image-based features, repetition count, and frequency of repetitive child hand movements. This approach aimed to distinguish between typical and atypical repetitive hand movements of varying speeds, addressing data limitations through dimension reduction. Additionally, we aimed to categorize behaviors into clusters beyond binary classification. Through experimentation on three datasets (HMW, SSBD, ASD), our model effectively differentiated between typical and atypical hand movements, providing insights into behavioral transitional patterns. This aids the medical community in understanding the evolving behaviors in children. In conclusion, our research addresses the need for early detection of atypical behaviors through an automated model capable of discerning repetitive hand movement patterns. This innovation contributes to early intervention strategies for neurological conditions.
De novo transcriptome assembly and discovery of drought-responsive genes in eastern white spruce (Picea glauca)
Authors: Ribeyre Zoé , Depardieu Claire , Prunier Julien , Pelletier Gervais , Parent Geneviève J. , Mackay John , Droit Arnaud , Bousquet Jean , Nolet Philippe , Messier Christian
Published: June 2024

Background
Forests face an escalating threat from the increasing frequency of extreme drought events driven by climate change. To address this challenge, it is crucial to understand how widely distributed species of economic or ecological importance may respond to drought stress. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate transcriptome responses at increasing levels of water stress in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), distributed across North America. We began by generating a transcriptome assembly emphasizing short-term drought stress at different developmental stages. We also analyzed differential gene expression at four time points over 22 days in a controlled drought stress experiment involving 2-year-old plants and three genetically unrelated clones.
Results
De novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analysis revealed a total of 33,287 transcripts (18,934 annotated unique genes), with 4,425 unique drought-responsive genes. Many transcripts that had predicted functions associated with photosynthesis, cell wall organization, and water transport were down-regulated under drought conditions, while transcripts linked to abscisic acid response and defense response were up-regulated. Our study highlights a previously uncharacterized effect of drought stress on lipid metabolism genes in conifers and significant changes in the expression of several transcription factors, suggesting a regulatory response potentially linked to drought response or acclimation.
Conclusion
Our research represents a fundamental step in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying short-term drought responses in white spruce seedlings. In addition, it provides a valuable source of new genetic data that could contribute to genetic selection strategies aimed at enhancing the drought resistance and resilience of white spruce to changing climates.
Integration of hydro-chemical analysis and GIS for assessment of drinking water quality and health risks of filtration plants in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Mushtaq , Farooqi Abida
Published: June 2024

The present study is about vast domain of water quality analysis, encompassing a comprehensive exploration of physical, chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e., Cadmium and lead, which determined the quality and composition of drinking water of 45 WASA filtration plants in Rawalpindi. All the physical parameters EC, TDS, salinity, and pH were calculated on site through field kits and chemical and ionic parameters were analyzed in the laboratory using various techniques of titrations and spectrophotometry. Water quality index was determined using all the parameters. Health risk assessment of heavy metals was done and Health Index for both children and adults were determined following the standard protocol of USEPA. For social and economic evaluation of plants interview was hold with the institute and a questionnaire survey was done to know the responses of public. Spatial distribution, variations of different parameters was shown in spatial maps made in ArcGIS by ESRI. Results showed elevated levels of lead and cadmium above the standards of WHO suggesting 21 % of plants are risky for public health. WQI results revealed that 40% of samples were of excellent quality and 13% showed very poor quality. Results of Ionic trends indicated high levels of Ca2+, HCO3- Mg2+ and Cl-. Cations show Ca2+ >Mg2+>Na+ while anions show HCO3->Cl->SO42->NO3>PO43- trend. From social survey it was found that there is contradiction between public perception and WASA operation. With overuse of water and growing population groundwater table is going down therefore water is supply twice a day for 4 hours. The findings illuminate the importance of continuous observance and systematic management of water systems. The study’s recommendations encompass a holistic monitoring approach, tailored treatment strategies, community empowerment, infrastructure upgrades, regulatory oversight, research-driven innovation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Implementation of these strategies promises transformative outcomes, securing the purity and availability of water resources for a healthier and more prosperous future. In our role as custodians of this invaluable asset, it is our shared responsibility to safeguard its sanctity and sustain its vitality.
WITHDRAWN: Investigation of the anti-cancer drugs imatinib and thalidomide was conducted using analytical spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques
Authors: Ramana P. Venkata , Krishna Y. Rama , Mouli K. Chandra
Published: June 2024

Cancer stands as one of the most devastating illnesses in contemporary society, leading to a considerable number of fatalities annually. Effectively managing the disease has been a challenge, partly due to the diverse variants of the disease prevalent in different parts of the world. Despite these challenges, scientific advancements have led to the development of various drugs and diagnostic techniques tailored for specific cancers, offering partial solutions in the quest for a cure. The ongoing exploration of cancer's medical ramifications remains a captivating and vital area of interest, even in light of the extensive efforts expended in scientific research over the years. In this significant study, the research focuses on exploring specific vibrational patterns of Imatinib and Thalidomide through standard FT-IR spectroscopic studies and molecular docking computations. The investigation successfully pinpointed precise atomic-level interactions between the anti-cancer agent Imatinib and the target proteins, namely Tyrosine Kinase Sh2 Domain and Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ABL1, and the cancerous drug Thalidomide and Cereblon Isoform 4 protein. To understand the molecule's bioactivity and the transfer of charges between its outermost orbitals, the UV-Vis spectra of the drugs were scrutinized. Quantum mechanical energy-wavelength conversions were employed to assess the appropriate energy gaps. Moreover, the molecular docking analyses involving Imatinib and Thalidomide and the corresponding respective binding proteins provided crucial insights, including binding affinity, RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation), types of interactions established as well as the unique pathways that the agent and receptors have developed. The revelations in comprehending the behaviour of anticancer agents represent invaluable contributions to the advancement of our understanding in the field. These findings not only enhance the efficacy of existing treatments but also play a pivotal role in steering the development of pioneering anticancer drugs. The significance of such discoveries cannot be overstated, as they contribute substantially to the ongoing progress in cancer research, offering promising avenues for the improvement of therapeutic interventions and the eventual development of more effective and targeted anticancer medications.
Successful salvage therapy of Ruxolitinib on interstitial pneumonia after long COVID or post COVID-19 syndrome with follicular lymphoma: two-case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Li Xin , Gao Shuquan , Cui Rui , Wang Jia , Deng Qi
Published: June 2024

Immunocompromised caused by B lymphocyte deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia after anti-CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) are high risks of severe COVID-19 infection. In our study, two patients with refractory FL had persistence of COVID-19 infection after their anti-CD19-CAR T cell therapy. They were diagnosed with Post COVID-19 syndrome or Long COVID-19 with interstitial inflammation and persistent hypoxemia. They received Molnupiravir and/or Paxlovid, methylprednisolone therapy when their interleukin (IL)-6 was is at a high level. There was no response in interstitial inflammation, persistent hypoxemia and persistent positive expression of SARS-CoV-2 to the therapy above, but the level of IL-6 was decreased after these therapies. These two patients subsequently received low-dose of Ruxolitinib (5mg, twice a day) as a salvage therapy in combination with a gradually reduced dosage of methylprednisolone. One to two months of Ruxolitinib therapy, the persistent hypoxemia was relieved and the interstitial inflammation was significantly absorbed. At the same time, the SARS-CoV-2 detection was found to be negative. Even if SARS-CoV-2 was positive again, the interstitial pneumonia did not progress again and the symptoms such as dyspnea did not develop again. Ruxolitinib might be a safe and effective alternative salvage therapy for COVID-19 infection patients with interstitial inflammation and persistent hypoxemia who had no response to corticosteroid therapy.
Effect of Domestic Cooking on Total and Individual Carotenoid Profiles of Potato
Authors: Xu Jian , Zeng Fankui
Published: June 2024

Total and individual carotenoid concentrations were determined in raw potato tubers of 6 varieties including Kexin No. 1, Xisen No. 6, Atlantic, Xisen No. 5, Shepody, and Favorita. The relationship between color CIE L*a*b* and total carotenoid concentration, and the effect of domestic thermal treatments on the total and individual carotenoid concentrations were also investigated. The total carotenoid content in the 6 potato varieties ranged from 96.48 to 875.08 µg/100 g FW. The main carotenoids were lutein, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin. The specific composition depended on the variety, β-carotene was not detected in all tested six potato varieties. The color value of coordinate b* was positively and significantly correlated with total carotenoid content. Boiling had the smallest effect on the decrease of total and individual carotenoids, while microwave treatment resulted with 52.67% in the highest loss of the total carotenoid in Favorita. As for the individual carotenoids, violaxanthin followed by antheraxanthin were the most heavily affected by cooking. All four thermal treatments, baking, boiling, frying and microwave decreased the carotenoid contents, boiling is recommended as a preferred method associated the lowest loss rate of total and individual carotenoids.
Epidemiology Forecasting Analysis of Dengue Cases with Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average in Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Plaza George Carr , Servillon Rvin John , Alempang Hasmin , Boquia Ynan Bab Shariff , Gonzales Kaecey Airen , Japitan Kyoko , Parba Shaina Grace , Hinay Alfredo
Published: June 2024

Dengue is a mosquito-borne illness and an important public health problem in the Philippines, with the highest number of dengue cases in Southeast Asia. The Philippine government has created a dengue surveillance map to track illness transmission; however, model-based methods for forecasting and detecting dengue have not been imposed and are significantly sought-after throughout the country. In this study, a suitable time-based model for predicting dengue cases was used. Using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, this study developed a forecasting model to predict dengue cases in Davao City, Philippines from to 2020–2025 based on data gathered from the Department of Health Region XI from years 2013–2019. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used as criteria for choosing an accurate forecasting model, and the QGIS version 3.16. was used for mapping. The results showed a monthly variation in the spike of dengue cases, peaking during July and August in both past and forecasted cases. The combined forecast model was found to be the best-fitting model for predicting future dengue incidences in the administrative districts of Davao City for the years 2020–2025.
A Comprehensive Risk Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in Sharda Canal's Surface Water, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Patel Prabhat Kumar , Singh Asit
Published: June 2024

The objective of the research was to assess the state of the Sharda Canal, a critical irrigation and household water source in Uttar Pradesh, India. More specifically, the analysis applied the Water Quality Index methodology. A total of five survey sites were selected along the 258.80 km of the Sharda Kheri Branch, chosen based on the land use type and potential source of pollution. The analysis examined chemical concentration and dissolved solids in terms of pH, DO, COD, BOD, Nitrates, Sulphates, TDS, TSS, hardness, alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium as the most relevant parameters. WQI was calculated using the weighted arithmetic index method. The results show a significant difference in the pollutant load between the locations. The water quality index at the Sharda Barrage in Lakhimpur Kheri was 110.60, and at the Bakshi ka talab distributary in Lucknow, the water quality index was 124.92. The obtained high values of TDS, COD, sulfates, and nitrates reflect the probable existence of contaminants that could cause catastrophic impacts on the regional water quality and aquatic ecology. In conclusion, the results of this evaluation draw clear lines and demonstrate a genuine integrated action is warranted to curb the quick decay of water quality in the Sharda Canal. As a result, the WQI, an integrated physicochemical appraisal tool, has been used to achieve a concise understanding of the water quality variables at work in the Sharda Canal. Possible measures to improve the situation may involve expanding industrial and agricultural regulations and practices, enhancing treatment plants’ efficiency, raising public awareness, and decreasing pollution sources.
Bispectral index monitoring offers promise as an adjunct to ciprofol sedation in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Cao Xinyu , Xu Miaomiao , Zhou Jiejie , Xiong Jingwei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lidong , Hui Kangli
Published: June 2024

Background: This study was devised to assess the efficacy and utility of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring as an adjunct to ciprofol-based sedation in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy, based on the hypothesis that BIS monitoring would reduce ciprofol consumption and shorten the time required for recovery.
Methods: A total of 140 patients scheduled to undergo painless gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures were enrolled in this study. Patients were intraoperatively randomized into BIS or control groups. The dose of ciprofol required was the primary study endpoint, while secondary endpoints included intraoperative SpO2 changes, induction time, the duration of endoscopic examination, time to awakening, time to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge, adverse event incidence, and satisfaction levels for both patients and endoscopists.
Results: The demographic characteristics of both enrolled cohorts were comparable. A significantly lower level of ciprofol consumption was observed for the BIS group relative to the control group (62.27±14.38 mg vs. 66.92±11.66 mg, respectively, P=0.037). The BIS group also presented with a shorter time to awakening (P<0.001) and PACU discharge (P<0.001), together with greater endoscopist satisfaction relative to the control group (P=0.029). The incidence of unfavorable outcomes was similar in both groups (P >0.05 for all).
Conclusions: These results show that BIS monitoring, when employed as an adjunct to outpatient ciprofol sedation, was associated with a significantly lower level of ciprofol consumption during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, together with reductions in the time to patient awakening and PACU discharge. This monitoring strategy may also lead to greater satisfaction among endoscopists.
Trial registration: This trial has been submitted to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300069868, registration date: 28/03/2023).
Navigating the new normal: rethinking conservation strategies in the climate-impacted and highly invaded eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Katsanevakis Stelios , Belmaker Jonathan , Rilov Gil , Yeruham Erez , Konstantinidis Andreas , Papazekou Maria , Giakoumi Sylvaine , Mazaris Antonios D.
Published: June 2024

We aimed to assess the social-ecological roles of marine alien species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea – a global hotspot of bioinvasions and local extinctions – and their potential contribution to reaching Targets 1, 3, 10, and 11 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). We employed a comprehensive methodology, incorporating a literature review, fish surveys, and a consumer behavior questionnaire. Furthermore, we applied spatial conservation prioritization to identify reef fish conservation areas, both with and without considering marine alien species. Our findings reveal the dual role of alien species, with both adverse and beneficial effects on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. Based on our analyses, we advocate for a paradigm shift in conservation, moving beyond the traditional focus solely on native biodiversity to include alien species as contributors to ecosystem functionality and services, especially in regions where native biodiversity is rapidly declining due to ocean warming. Our results highlight the importance of integrating alien species considerations into conservation planning to achieve GBF targets 1 and 3, emphasizing their potential to maintain and enhance ecosystem services, such as food provision through fisheries (GBF Targets 10 and 11), amidst rapid climate change. We present a framework for incorporating both the positive and negative aspects of alien species into Systematic Conservation Planning to guide conservation investments efficiently. By adopting a pragmatic, holistic approach to conservation and recognizing the diverse impacts of alien species, decision-makers could more effectively achieve GBF Targets 1, 3, 10, and 11 in the eastern Mediterranean.
Assessment of climate change impact on wheat water demand and yield in Setif, Algeria
Authors: Bouregaa Tarek , Chetioui Chaima
Published: June 2024

Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on crop water demand and yield is crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies and ensuring food security. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on wheat water demand, irrigation requirements, and yield in the semi-arid Setif region of Algeria. Utilizing observed climate data (1995–2014) and the CROPWAT model, a baseline for wheat water use and potential yield reduction was established. Future projections were developed using an ensemble of 11 CMIP6 global climate models under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-1.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) across four time horizons (2030, 2050, 2070, and 2090). Results indicate a consistent increase in crop water requirement (CWR) across all scenarios and time horizons, primarily driven by rising temperatures. Irrigation water requirements (IWR) exhibit a more complex pattern, with increasing needs during critical growth stages, especially under high-emission scenarios. Yield reductions are projected to be highly dependent on soil type, with light soils experiencing significant losses exceeding 50% by 2090 under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. The study highlights the increasing vulnerability of wheat production to water stress and the need for proactive adaptation measures, such as drought-tolerant cultivars, efficient irrigation technologies, and sustainable water management policies.
The UTHealth Houston Adult Cardiovascular Genomics Certificate Program: Efficacy and Impact on Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Garner Melyssa , Rajani Bansari , Vaidya Priyanka , Dayeh Samer Abu , Cecchi Alana C. , Miyake Christina C. , Huff Vicki , Wanat Matthew , Wang Elisabeth , Kurzlechner Leonie M. , Landstrom Andrew P. , An Daniel , Liang Yafen , Moulik Mousumi , Wong Timothy C. , Cunha Shane R. , Cannon Ashley , Holt R. Lynn , Milewicz Dianna M. , Prakash Siddharth K.
Published: June 2024

Background
The demand for genetic services has outpaced the availability of resources, challenging clinicians untrained in genetic integration into clinical decision-making. The UTHealth Adult Cardiovascular Genomics Certificate (CGC) program trains non-genetic healthcare professionals to recognize, assess, and refer patients with heritable cardiovascular diseases. This asynchronous online course includes 24 modules in three tiers of increasing complexity, using realistic clinical scenarios, interactive dialogues, quizzes, and tests to reinforce learning. We hypothesized that the CGC will increase genomic competencies in this underserved audience and encourage applying genomic concepts in clinical practice.
Methods
Required course evaluations include pre- and post- assessments, knowledge checks in each module, and surveys for module-specific feedback. After 6 months, longitudinal feedback surveys gathered data on the long-term impact of the course on clinical practice and conducted focused interviews with learners.
Results
The CGC was accredited in September 2022. Principal learners were nurses (24%), nurse practitioners (21%), physicians (16%), and physician assistants. Scores of 283 learners in paired pre- and post-assessments increased specific skills related to recognizing heritable diseases, understanding inheritance patterns, and interpreting genetic tests. Interviews highlighted the CGC's modular structure and linked resources as key strengths. Learners endorsed confidence to use genetic information in clinical practice, such as discussing genetic concepts and risks with patients and referring patients for genetic testing. Learners were highly likely to recommend the CGC to colleagues, citing its role in enhancing heritable disease awareness.
Conclusions
The CGC program effectively empowers non-genetic clinicians to master genomic competencies, fostering collaboration to prevent deaths from heritable cardiovascular diseases, and potentially transforming healthcare education and clinical practice.
Study on slope collapse instability mechanism of Jurassic soft and hard alternate strata in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: PENG Zhuorui , ZUO Qingjun , TONG Quan , XU Ziyi , YI Qinglin
Published: June 2024

The Three Gorges Reservoir area features widespread, thick, and well-developed Jurassic soft and hard strata, leading to complex deformation, failure modes, and instability mechanisms on slopes. This can result in collapse disasters. Focusing on the Zigui Basin in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, our study investigated the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of both artificial and natural slopes, the thickness of soft and hard phases, crack expansion, and established a geomechanical model for slope collapse in the Jurassic formations. Utilizing UDEC7.0 software, we conducted numerical tests to analyze the impact of various factors such as slope angle, rock formation inclination angle, slope height, ratio of hard and soft rock thickness, structural surface strength, and mechanical parameters of rock formations on slope stability. Through numerical simulations based on the geomechanical model, we examined the mechanisms of slope collapse and instability in the Jurassic strata, ultimately developing a model for slope deformation and failure. The research findings indicate that geomechanical modes of slope failure in soft and hard strata can be categorized into three types: push collapse, slip collapse, and toppling collapse. Upon analysis, it is observed that model No. 1 demonstrates push collapse, while model No. 6 experiences slip collapse. Model No. 19 ultimately succumbs to toppling collapse. The inclination angle \(\beta\) of the rock layer significantly influences the instability and failure mechanism of slopes in soft and hard strata. Specifically, when the slope aligns with the direction of the slope and \(\beta\)<\(\alpha\), failure occurs initially through layer creep followed by shear slip. Conversely, when \(\beta\)>\(\alpha\), the upper rock mass experiences layer slip while the lower rock mass undergoes buckling deformation. In the case of the slope facing in the opposite direction, a small \(\beta\) results in toppling deformation, whereas a large \(\beta\) leads to local collapse at the slope's peak. Different failure modes exhibit distinct crack development patterns. Under the influence of gravity load, push collapse progresses from internal micro cracks to the downward pushing and destruction of the rock layer. Slip collapse is characterized by cracks initiating at the front edge and extending to form a “z”-shaped penetration. Toppling collapse involves the appearance of local micro-cracks at the slope's upper portion, gradually propagating along the slope surface from top to bottom. The process of different failure modes can be divided into three stages: an initial creep stage before approximately 21g, a steady-state deformation stage between 21g and 40g, and an instability collapse stage after around 40g.