bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The World Ocean Wave Fields Discerned From ERA‐Interim Spectra
Authors: Portilla‐Yandún Jesús
Published: November 2022

A wave field is a spatial expanse of the ocean surface in which waves of a single meteorological event are generated and propagate until their energy dissipates and disperses to the point where they are not detectable any further. Since water as a transport medium allows the superposition of waves of different sizes traveling in different directions, the typical sea surface is composed of several coexisting and overlapping fields. Historically, the methods for describing waves were based on bulk parameters (e.g., Hs, Tz), but the modern methods based on the wave spectrum, provide us with all the information necessary to distinguish individual wave fields out of the composed set. Weather prediction centers archive nowadays point spectra time series with global coverage and spanning long periods of time. The statistical characterization of such data shows that long‐term spectral patterns are few and well defined at each location, and they can be associated with a specific meteorological forcing (e.g., distant swells, trade‐winds, local jets). The objective of this work is to consolidate the local point information as to obtain spatially coherent wave fields, discerning them from each other to determine their characteristics. Individual wave fields can be regarded as a new source of information, useful for a wide range of applications such as data assimilation, sediment transport, biomass productivity, among others. For climate‐related purposes time and space variability can be analyzed, identifying trends, anomalies, and tele‐connections. These climate aspects are explored here through an illustrative example focused on the southern trade‐winds' field.
The Response of Nitrogen Deposition in China to Recent and Future Changes in Anthropogenic Emissions
Authors: Zhu Hanzheng , Chen Youfan , Zhao Yuanhong , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xilong , Zheng Bo , Liu Lei , Pan Yuepeng , Xu Wen , Liu Xuejun
Published: November 2022

We present a model analysis that quantifies the influence of anthropogenic emission variations on the recent (2005–2015) and future (2030) changes in national scale nitrogen deposition in China and the interacting relationships between their emissions and depositions. We find that the 0.39 Tg N yr−1 increase in the dry deposition of reduced nitrogen (NHx) during 2007–2015 is dominated by the decrease in sulfur dioxides (SO2) emissions, which reduces the formation of ammonium (NH4+) aerosols from gas‐phase ammonia (NH3). Although the decrease in SO2 emissions led to conversion from wet to dry deposition of NHx, the NH4+ wet deposition increased by 0.75 Tg N yr−1 with large interannual variations driven by precipitation. Different from NHx, the oxidized nitrogen (NOy) deposition increased by 1.6 Tg N yr−1 from 2005 to 2011 and decreased by 1.1 Tg N yr−1 from 2011 to 2015, following the changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Based on the national scale emission‐deposition relationship estimated from model sensitivity experiments, we find that future emission control would reduce the NOy deposition by 2.4 ± 0.08 to 3.4 ± 0.12 Tg N yr−1 (49%–73%), but only lead to small decreases of 0.93 ± 0.05 to 1.2 ± 0.06 Tg N yr−1 (9%–14%) in NHx deposition in China from 2015 to 2030. The decrease in NOx and SO2 emissions under future scenarios would enhance the NHx dry deposition over domestic China, diminishing the effectiveness of the NH3 emission control. The results emphasize that stricter strategies for controlling agricultural NH3 emissions should be taken to alleviate the adverse environmental impacts from atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
The APOE locus is linked to decline in general cognitive function: 20-years follow-up in the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Rietman M. Liset , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Nooyens Astrid C. J. , Ibi Dorina , van Dijk Ko Willems , Samson Leonard Daniël , Pennings Jeroen L. A. , Schipper Maarten , Wong Albert , Spijkerman Annemieke M. W. , Dollé Martijn E. T. , Verschuren W. M. Monique
Published: November 2022

Cognitive decline is part of the normal aging process. However, some people experience a more rapid decline than others due to environmental and genetic factors. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to cognitive function, but only a few to cognitive decline. To understand whether cognitive function and cognitive decline are driven by the same mechanisms, we investigated whether 433 SNPs previously linked to cognitive function and 2 SNPs previously linked to cognitive decline are associated with both general cognitive functioning at baseline and general cognitive decline up to 20-years follow-up in the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS). The DCS is a longitudinal population-based study that enrolled men and women aged 20–59 years between 1987–1991, with follow-up examinations every 5 years. We used data of rounds 2–6 (1993–2017, n = 2559). General cognitive function was assessed using four cognition tests measuring memory, speed, fluency and flexibility. With these test scores, standardized residuals (adjusted for sex, age and examination round) were calculated for each cognition test at each round and subsequently combined into one general cognitive function measure using principal component analyses. None of the 435 previously identified variants were associated with baseline general cognitive function in the DCS. But rs429358-C, a coding apolipoprotein E (APOE) SNP and one of the variants previously associated with cognitive decline, was associated with general cognitive decline in our study as well (p-value = 1 × 10−5, Beta = −0.013). These findings suggest that decline of general cognitive function is influenced by other mechanisms than those that are involved in the regulation of general cognitive function.
COVID-19 SeroHub, an online repository of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in the United States
Authors: Freedman Neal D. , Brown Liliana , Newman Lori M. , Jones Jefferson M. , Benoit Tina J. , Averhoff Francisco , Bu Xiangning , Bayrak Konuralp , Lu Anna , Coffey Brent , Jackson Latifa , Chanock Stephen J. , Kerlavage Anthony R.
Published: November 2022

Seroprevalence studies provide useful information about the proportion of the population either vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, previously infected with the virus, or both. Numerous studies have been conducted in the United States, but differ substantially by dates of enrollment, target population, geographic location, age distribution, and assays used. This can make it challenging to identify and synthesize available seroprevalence data by geographic region or to compare infection-induced versus combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence. To facilitate public access and understanding, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the COVID-19 Seroprevalence Studies Hub (COVID-19 SeroHub, https://covid19serohub.nih.gov/), a data repository in which seroprevalence studies are systematically identified, extracted using a standard format, and summarized through an interactive interface. Within COVID-19 SeroHub, users can explore and download data from 178 studies as of September 1, 2022. Tools allow users to filter results and visualize trends over time, geography, population, age, and antigen target. Because COVID-19 remains an ongoing pandemic, we will continue to identify and include future studies.
Host identity is the dominant factor in the assembly of nematode and tardigrade gut microbiomes in Antarctic Dry Valley streams
Authors: McQueen J. Parr , Gattoni Kaitlin , Gendron Eli M. S. , Schmidt Steven K. , Sommers Pacifica , Porazinska Dorota L.
Published: November 2022

Recent work examining nematode and tardigrade gut microbiomes has identified species-specific relationships between host and gut community composition. However, only a handful of species from either phylum have been examined. How microbiomes differ among species and what factors contribute to their assembly remains unexplored. Cyanobacterial mats within Antarctic Dry Valley streams host a simple and tractable natural ecosystem of identifiable microinvertebrates to address these questions. We sampled 2 types of coexisting mats (i.e., black and orange) across four spatially isolated streams, hand-picked single individuals of two nematode species (i.e., Eudorylaimus antarcticus and Plectus murrayi) and tardigrades, to examine their gut microbiomes using 16S and 18S rRNA metabarcoding. All gut microbiomes (bacterial and eukaryotic) were significantly less diverse than the mats they were isolated from. In contrast to mats, microinvertebrates’ guts were depleted of Cyanobacteria and differentially enriched in taxa of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fungi. Among factors investigated, gut microbiome composition was most influenced by host identity while environmental factors (e.g., mats and streams) were less important. The importance of host identity in predicting gut microbiome composition suggests functional value to the host, similar to other organisms with strong host selected microbiomes.
Incorporating distance metrics and temporal trends to refine mixed stock analysis
Authors: Stahelin Gustavo D. , Hoffman Eric A. , Quintana-Ascencio Pedro F. , Reusche Monica , Mansfield Kate L.
Published: November 2022

The distribution of marine organisms is shaped by geographic distance and oceanographic features like currents. Among migratory species, individuals from multiple populations may share feeding habitats seasonally or across life stages. Here, we introduce a modification for many-to-many mixed stock models to include distance between breeding and foraging sites as an ecological covariate and evaluate how the composition of green turtle, Chelonia mydas, juvenile mixed stock aggregations changed in response to population growth over time. Our modified many-to-many model is more informative and generally tightens credible intervals over models that do not incorporate distance. Moreover, we identified a decrease in genetic diversity in a Florida nesting site and two juvenile aggregations. Mixed stock aggregations in central Florida have changed from multiple sources to fewer dominant source populations over the past ~ 20 years. We demonstrate that shifts in contributions from source populations to mixed stock aggregations are likely associated with nesting population growth. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and the need for periodical reassessment of reproductive populations and juvenile aggregations. Understanding how mixed stock aggregations change over time and how different life stages are connected is fundamental for the development of successful conservation plans for imperiled species.
Lack of host phylogenetic structure in the gut bacterial communities of New Zealand cicadas and their interspecific hybrids
Authors: Haji Diler , Vailionis Jason , Stukel Mark , Gordon Eric , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R. , Simon Chris
Published: November 2022

Host-microbe interactions are intimately linked to eukaryotic evolution, particularly in sap-sucking insects that often rely on obligate microbial symbionts for nutrient provisioning. Cicadas (Cicadidae: Auchenorrhyncha) specialize on xylem fluid and derive many essential amino acids and vitamins from intracellular bacteria or fungi (Hodgkinia, Sulcia, and Ophiocordyceps) that are propagated via transmission from mothers to offspring. Despite the beneficial role of these non-gut symbionts in nutrient provisioning, the role of beneficial microbiota within the gut remains unclear. Here, we investigate the relative abundance and impact of host phylogeny and ecology on gut microbial diversity in cicadas using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing data from 197 wild-collected cicadas and new mitochondrial genomes across 38 New Zealand cicada species, including natural hybrids between one pair of two species. We find low abundance and a lack of phylogenetic structure and hybrid effects but a significant role of elevation in explaining variation in gut microbiota.
Optimized border irrigation improved soil water content, increased winter wheat grain yield and water productivity
Authors: Yan Feilong , Yu Zhenwen , Shi Yu
Published: November 2022

Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), we aimed to find a suitable border length to reduce the quantity of irrigation water through a traditional border irrigation system to alleviate groundwater depletion. A 2-year experiment (2017–2019) was conducted with four border lengths: 20 m (L20), 30 m (L30), 40 m (L40) and 50 m (L50); supplementary irrigation was implemented during jointing and anthesis. The results showed that compared with the L20 and L30 treatments, the L40 treatment did not significantly increase the total water consumption. Compared with the L50 treatment, the L40 treatment significantly reduced the water consumption of ineffective tillers from jointing to anthesis. There was no significant difference in flag leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) between L40 treatment and L50 treatment at 14–28 days after anthesis, which was 12.36% and 21.31% higher than L30 and L20 treatments respectively, and significantly increased dry matter accumulation after anthesis. Grain yield were the higher in the L40 and L50 treatments, while the water productivity (WP) was highest in the L40 treatment, which was 3.98%, 4.54% and 7.94% higher than L50, L30, and L20 treatments, respectively. Hence, the irrigation field treatments with a border length of 40 m were considered the most efficient, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the traditional irrigation border length in HPC.
The human ion channel TRPM2 modulates migration and invasion in neuroblastoma through regulation of integrin expression
Authors: Bao Lei , Festa Fernanda , Hirschler-Laszkiewicz Iwona , Keefer Kerry , Wang Hong-Gang , Cheung Joseph Y. , Miller Barbara A.
Published: November 2022

Transient receptor potential channel TRPM2 is highly expressed in many cancers and involved in regulation of key physiological processes including mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, and oxidative stress. In Stage 4 non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma patients, high TRPM2 expression is associated with worse outcome. Here, neuroblastoma cells with high TRPM2 expression demonstrated increased migration and invasion capability. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting demonstrated that the mechanism involved significantly greater expression of integrins α1, αv, β1, and β5 in cells with high TRPM2 expression. Transcription factors HIF-1α, E2F1, and FOXM1, which bind promoter/enhancer regions of these integrins, were increased in cells with high TRPM2 expression. Subcellular fractionation confirmed high levels of α1, αv, and β1 membrane localization and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of α1β1, αvβ1, and αvβ5 complexes. Inhibitors of α1β1, αvβ1, and αvβ5 complexes significantly reduced migration and invasion in cells highly expressing TRPM2, confirming their functional role. Increased pAktSer473 and pERKThr202/Tyr204, which promote migration through mechanisms including integrin activation, were found in cells highly expressing TRPM2. TRPM2 promotes migration and invasion in neuroblastoma cells with high TRPM2 expression through modulation of integrins together with enhancing cell survival, negatively affecting patient outcome and providing rationale for TRPM2 inhibition in anti-neoplastic therapy.
Efficacy of soluble lansoprazole-impregnated beta-tricalcium phosphate for bone regeneration
Authors: Mishima Kenichi , Okabe Yuka Tsukagoshi , Mizuno Masaaki , Ohno Kinji , Kitoh Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro
Published: November 2022

The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole has been previously identified to upregulate the expression and transcriptional activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) that promotes lineage commitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. We could not elicit the expected efficacy of insoluble lansoprazole in enhancing osteogenesis when combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone substitutes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soluble lansoprazole on in vitro osteoblastogenesis and new bone formation in vivo. Commercially available human mesenchymal stem cells or patient-derived bone marrow-derived stromal cells were treated with 20 µM of soluble lansoprazole at the beginning of osteogenic induction. Soluble lansoprazole-impregnated β-TCP materials were embedded in the cortical bone defect model of rabbits. Rabbits were sacrificed four weeks postoperatively and undecalcified bone specimens were prepared for evaluation of intra-material new bone formation. Only a 1-day treatment with soluble lansoprazole facilitated osteoblastic differentiation and matrix calcium deposition when added to undifferentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells at the beginning of the osteogenic differentiation. Soluble lansoprazole dose-dependently accelerated intra-material new bone formation when being impregnated with porous β-TCP artificial bones. Local use of soluble lansoprazole can be applicable for fracture and bone defect repair when combined with porous β-TCP scaffolds.
In vitro functional models for human liver diseases and drug screening: beyond animal testing
Authors: Paradiso Alessia , Volpi Marina , Rinoldi Chiara , Celikkin Nehar , Contessi Negrini Nicola , Bilgen Muge , Dallera Giorgio , Pierini Filippo , Costantini Marco , Święszkowski Wojciech , Farè Silvia
Published: November 2022

In this review, in vitro functional models for human liver diseases and drug testing as an alternative to animal testing are described and discussed, highlighting pros and cons of the current state of the art reported in the scientific literature.
Effect of exposed crucible wall on the Czochralski growth of an LN crystal
Authors: Qin Juan , Sun Jun , Hao Yongxin , Yang Jinfeng , Li Qinglian , Zhang Ling , Xu Jingjun
Published: November 2022

The effect of the exposed crucible wall and the influence of the crucible position on the LN crystal growth.
Electron passivation in CaF2 on calcium metal anodes
Authors: Batzinger Kevin , Smeu Manuel
Published: November 2022

The conductance of different structural phases of the prototypical SEI compound CaF2 was investigated to determine which phase best stems electron flow. Crystalline phases of CaF2 are far more effective electronic insulators than amorphous CaF2.
NiO and CrOx interaction promoting in situ generation of the coordinatively unsaturated Cr–O acid–base for oxygen-lean propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Ren Yu , Chu Xiao , Cao Qi , Xie Zean , Kong Lian , Fan Xiaoqiang , Xiao Xia , Zhao Zhen
Published: November 2022

The interaction between NiO and CrOx species increases the reducibility of Cr–O–Ni lattice oxygen, which is consumed to form an oxygen vacancy and a nearby unsaturated Cr–O acid–base pair as the possible active sites for PDH reaction.
Olefin metathesis over supported MoOx catalysts: influence of the oxide support
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ford Michael E. , Ream Eli , Wachs Israel E.
Published: November 2022

Supported MoOx catalysts on oxide supports (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2) were synthesized for propylene metathesis, characterized with in situ spectroscopies (DRIFTS, Raman, UV-vis) and chemically probed with propylene-TPSR, ethylene/2-butene titration.
Fabrication of porous Ti3C2Tx MXene films by in situ foaming strategy for unparalleled high-rate energy storage
Authors: Shi Yi , Lu Xiaolong , Xu Zhiwei , Wang Qi , Guo Huafei , Jia Jialu , Fang Bijun , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: November 2022

Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene films were fabricated with a simple and efficient foaming strategy in situ, followed by surface modification by alkali washing, to achieve unparalleled high-rate energy storage.
Supercritical CO2-induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional MoO3−x
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Qun
Published: November 2022

With the use of supercritical CO2, two-dimensional defective MoO3−xcan achieve ideal ferromagnetic responses with the Curie temperature reaching over 380 K.
A simulation study of mega electron-volt helium ion channeling and shadow effect in titania nanotubes
Authors: Napagoda Jayahansa , Chen Quark Yungsung , Rani Arti , Gunaratne Gemunu , Chen Di , Varghese Oomman K. , Chu Wei-Kan
Published: November 2022

Titania nanotubes enabling 2 MeV He ions to channel through the pores of diameter 100 nm and focusing the ions inside or outside the pores depending upon the nanotube length.
Nickel aluminum oxide hydrate supports ZIF-67 with different morphologies to achieve the improvement of photocatalytic hydrogen production performance
Authors: Liu Zhenlu , Xu Jing , Mao Zhenjin , Wang Haochen , Li Zezhong
Published: November 2022

The morphology of ZIF-67 was regulated and then in situ grown on Ni5Al4O11·18H2O to improve the activity of hydrogen evolution.
Synergistically interactive P–Co–N bonding states in cobalt phosphide-decorated covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Huang Lumei , Wang Dengke , Zeng Honghu , Zheng Lingling , Lai Shiqin , Zou Jian-Ping
Published: November 2022

Synergistically interactive Pδ−–Coδ+–Nδ− states are achieved in cobalt phosphide nanoparticles-decorated covalent organic framework (CTF-CoP), which shows boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Suppressing interface recombination in CZTSSe solar cells by simple selenization with synchronous interface gradient doping
Authors: Cui Xin-Pan , Ma Qiong , Zhou Wen-Hui , Kou Dong-Xing , Zhou Zheng-Ji , Meng Yue-Na , Qi Ya-Fang , Yuan Sheng-Jie , Han Li-Tao , Wu Si-Xin
Published: November 2022

We proposed a strategy for Cd gradient doping near front interface. The formed Cd gradient significantly reduced CuZn defect and related defect clusters near front interface, thus suppressed interface recombination and improved device performance.
Construction of a 2D layered BiVO4/zinc porphyrin (ZnTCPP) S-scheme heterostructure boosting photocatalytic N2oxidation performance
Authors: Zhou Desen , Shao Shuai , Zhang Xuan , Di Tingmin , Zhang Jun , Wang Tielin , Wang Cunwen
Published: November 2022

The unique S-scheme heterojunction of a 2D/2D BiVO4/metalloporphyrin (ZnTCPP) layered composite showed excellent visible-light photocatalytic N2oxidation activity.
Multifunctional AuPd-cluster nanotheranostic agents with a cascade self-regulating redox tumor-microenvironment for dual-photodynamic synergized enzyme catalytic therapy
Authors: Ren Shilei , Dai Rong , Zheng Ziliang , Chen Xuejiao , Wu Shutong , Zhang Ruiping , Gui Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising strategy with higher selectivity and spatiotemporal control than conventional therapies.
High-power piezoelectric behavior of acceptor-doped 〈001〉 and 〈111〉 textured piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Leng Haoyang , Yan Yongke , Li Xiaotian , Karan Sumanta Kumar , Fanton Mark , Priya Shashank
Published: November 2022

The high-power piezoelectric properties of MnO2-doped 〈001〉 and 〈111〉 textured 0.24PIN–0.42PMN–0.34PT ceramics are compared to understand the orientation dependence.
Simultaneous siting and sizing of Soft Open Points and the allocation of tie switches in active distribution network considering network reconfiguration
Authors: Ehsanbakhsh Mahdiyeh , Sepasian Mohammad Sadegh
Published: November 2022

Soft Open Points (SOPs) are power electronic devices and emerging flexible interconnections. The active and reactive power flow flexible controllability of SOP facilitates to improve the performance characteristics of the networks. To evaluate the contribution of SOPs to operational characteristics improvement, instead of a fixed number and an optimized configuration of SOPs is necessary. In addition to optimal siting and sizing of SOPs in distribution networks, considering the smart switching capability of SOPs compared to conventional switching through tie switches is important. This issue affects the decision of simultaneous investment for these types of equipment. Existing studies have not considered the coordinated presence of SOPs and candidate tie switches in a planning scheme for allocating them simultaneously. Here, a stochastic scenario‐based planning model is proposed to determine the optimal sites and sizes of SOPs and the allocation of tie switches simultaneously while obtaining the optimal operation strategy of these devices during the network reconfiguration process. The model is formulated using the second‐order cone programming approach. The optimization problem is solved considering renewable power production scenarios and different loading conditions. Finally, the proposed model is conducted on the IEEE 33‐bus and 69‐bus systems, and the results are presented.
Single image super‐resolution based on sparse representation using edge‐preserving regularization and a low‐rank constraint
Authors: Gao Rui , Cheng Deqiang , Kou Qiqi , Chen Liangliang
Published: November 2022

Sparse representation‐based non‐local self‐similarity approaches have demonstrated promising performance in single image super‐resolution reconstruction. This type of method, however, cannot always effectively preserve the key details of an image, resulting in edge artifacts and local structure blurring. To better preserve the image edge information, in this paper, a sparse representation super‐resolution method based on non‐local self‐similarity is proposed. First, we impose slide window gradient domain guided filtering on both the low‐resolution input image and the degraded restored image. Then, we utilize their difference as an edge‐preserving regularization term and incorporate this regularization term into the non‐local self‐similarity‐based sparse representation model to build a sparse coding model, which can enhance the restored high‐resolution image patches’ detail information. Finally, the iterative threshold algorithm is used to calculate the sparse representation coefficients so that a high‐resolution image can be estimated. Furthermore, to explore the potential structures of the subspaces spanned by similar patches, we enforce a low‐rank matrix recovery technique on the generated super‐resolution image, which can further refine the reconstruction quality. Experimental results prove that the new approach preserves the critical edge structures while suppressing noise and exceeding some popular methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.
A viscous continuum traffic flow model based on the cooperative car‐following behaviour of connected and autonomous vehicles
Authors: Jafaripournimchahi Ammar , Cai Yingfeng , Wang Hai , Sun Lu , Tang Yili , Babadi Arman Amani
Published: November 2022

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) can receive various information from surrounding vehicles through Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) communication technologies and adjust their car‐following behaviour accordingly. Although several studies have evaluated the impact of CAVs on traffic flow stability in a small segment of networks, most approaches are focused on their specific applications considering the trajectory information, and there is a lack of studies analyzing the impact of CAVs on a large‐scale network. This paper proposes a novel viscous continuum traffic model considering the anticipation of space headway, the throttle angle, and brake torque information during cooperative car‐following. The methods employed to develop the new car‐following model and its counterpart continuum traffic model have been described. The linear and non‐linear stability analyses of the newly developed model have been conducted to obtain the critical stability factors in small perturbations. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of the anticipation, the throttle angle, and brake torque information on traffic stability, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. The numerical results reveal that the anticipation of space headway and the transmission of the throttle angle and brake torque information during cooperative car‐following manoeuvres can improve the traffic flow stability and reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
Load frequency fractional‐order controller design for shipboard microgrids using direct search alghorithm
Authors: Bahrampour Elham , Dehghani Maryam , Asemani Mohammad Hassan , Abolpour Roozbeh
Published: November 2022

Load frequency control (LFC) is one of the controversial topics in power systems, especially in shipboard microgrids (SMG). In such applications, renewable energies such as wind, solar, or wave energies provide the power supply. However, changes in the weather conditions or loads can disrupt the frequency. To have a constant frequency in the presence of such turbulence in SMG, a fractional‐order dynamic output feedback controller (FDOFC) is proposed. As a result, the closed‐loop system is extended to a non‐identical fractional‐order system in the state space model. First, the non‐identical fractional‐order system is transformed into an identical one using the least common multiple techniques to determine control parameters. Subsequently, using a direct search algorithm, a considered initial design space is divided into smaller totally stable (TS) sub‐spaces. Then, among all TS controller parameters, the controller is designed to reduce the effects of disturbances. The study is carried out on a practical SMG system to show the practicality of the proposed FDOFC. Finally, to evaluate the proposed method's efficiency, the SMG results are compared with the results obtained with μ synthesis, , Bilinear Matrix Inequality (BMI)‐based, and fuzzy fractional optimization methods. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art approaches, more promising results are obtained for ‐norm of the closed‐loop system about ten times smaller, that is, which is such a negligible norm that concludes perfect disturbance rejection. Moreover, in more scenarios, the robustness of the designed framework is evaluated under parameter variations and time delays in communication. The results show that the maximum frequency deviation is , which is very small. Therefore, the controller also works impressively under deviations of SMG system parameters, and communication time delays.
Cost Efficiency and Farmers’ Profit in Using Certified Rice Seeds and Non-Certified Rice Seeds in Rainfed Rice Field
Authors: Prasetyo Teguh , Setiani Cahyati , Eti Wulanjari Munir
Published: November 2022

The use of non-certified seeds in rice farming in rainfed rice fields is still relatively high, around 60%. The objectives of this study (1) to analyze the comparison between the use of certified and non-certified rice seeds, (2) to measure the increase in the efficiency of input use and increase of profits with the use of certified seeds. The study was carried out in Semarang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesian with a survey method. The data collected were analyzed descriptively using a comparison method between farmers who used certificated and non-certified seeds. The study's findings showed that the average productivity of rice using certified seeds was 5.41 tons/ha of dry milled grain, while the average productivity of rice using the non-certified seeds was 4.91 tons/ha. The profit obtained in rice farming using certified seeds was as much as 16,154,000.00 IDR per hectare, while the profit using the non-certified seeds was as much as 14,626,000.00 IDR per hectare. In rice farming using certified seeds, an R/C ratio of 2.81 was obtained, while those using non-certified seeds obtained an R/C ratio of 2.71. The study results showed that the use of certified seeds had increased the efficiency of input use and profits in rice farming.
Analysis of 363 Genetic Variants in F5 via an Interactive Web Database Reveals New Insights into FV Deficiency and FV Leiden
Authors: Efthymiou Christos , Print Emily H.T. , Simmons Anna , Perkins Stephen J.
Published: November 2022

The inherited bleeding disorder Factor V (FV) deficiency and clotting risk factor FV Leiden are associated with genetic variants in the F5 gene. FV deficiency occurs with mild, moderate, severe, or asymptomatic phenotypes, and either dysfunctional or reduced amounts of plasma FV protein. Here we present an interactive web database containing 363 unique F5 variants derived from 801 patient records, with 199 FV deficiency-associated variants from 245 patient records. Their occurrence is rationalized based on the 2,224 residue sequence and new FV protein structures. The 199 FV deficiency variants correspond to 26 (13%) mild, 22 (11%) moderate, 49 (25%) severe, 35 (18%) asymptomatic, and 67 (34%) unreported phenotypes. Their variant distributions in the FV domains A1, A2, A3, B, C1 and C2 were 28 (14%), 32 (16%), 34 (17%), 42 (21%), 16 (8%), and 19 variants (10%), respectively, showing that these six regions contain similar proportions of variants. Variants associated with FV deficiency do not cluster near known protein-partner binding sites, thus the molecular mechanism leading to the phenotypes cannot be explained. However, the widespread distribution of FV variants in combination with a high proportion of buried variant residues indicated that FV is susceptible to disruption by small perturbations in its globular structure. Variants located in the disordered B domain also appear to disrupt the FV structure. We discuss how the interactive database provides an online resource that clarifies the clinical understanding of FV deficiency.
Versatile Utility of Cp*Co(III) Catalysts in C–H Amination under Inner- and Outer-Sphere Pathway
Authors: Chang Sukbok , Lee Jeonghyo
Published: November 2022

This Account describes the recent advances in our research program toward the development of cobalt-catalyzed C–H amidation reactions. In particular, synthetic versatilities of obtainable amino products shown to be achieved on the basis of two distinctive mechanistic scaffolds; inner- and outer-sphere pathways. It highlights our approaches to transit the modes of C–N bond formation by introduction of bidentate LX-type ligands into Cp*Co(III) precursors, thereby broadly expanding the scope of amination reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Cp*Co-Catalyzed Inner-Sphere C–H Amidation

3 Cp*Co-Catalyzed Outer-Sphere C–H Amidation

3.1 C(sp2)–N Bond Formation

3.2 C(sp3)–N Bond Formation

4 Conclusion
“A.B.C.” of Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies…Promise and Perils
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Philip Deepa Susan Joy
Published: November 2022

The treatment landscape of hematological malignancies has been evolving at an extremely fast pace. Hematological malignancies are diverse and distinct from solid tumors. These constitute challenges, which are also unique opportunities for immunotherapy. The five categories of immunotherapies that have found success in the management of hematological malignancies are allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, monoclonal antibodies and innovative designs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and B cell targeting small immunomodulatory molecules. Allogeneic stem cell transplant rightly called our bluntest weapon is the oldest form of successful immunotherapy. Alternate donor transplants and improvement in supportive care have improved the scope of this immunotherapy option. Among monoclonal antibodies, rituximab forms the prototype on which over a dozen other antibodies have been developed. The bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab engages cytotoxic CD3 T cells with CD19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, which is an effective treatment method for relapsed refractory ALL. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have established their role in hematological malignancies with high PD-L1 expression, including relapsed refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (BCL). Small immunomodulatory drugs targeting the B cell receptor downstream signaling through BTK inhibitors, SYK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors (idelalisib), and BCL-2 inhibitors (venetoclax), and immunomodulatory imide drugs (lenalidomide) have also emerged as exciting therapeutic avenues in immunotherapy. CAR T cells are one of the most exciting and promising forms of adoptive immunotherapy. CAR T cells are rightly called living drugs or serial killers to keep patients alive. CAR T cells are genetically engineered, autologous T cells that combine the cytotoxicity of T cells with the antigen-binding specificity of CARs. CARs are antigen-specific but major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen-independent. There are five approved CAR T cell products for the management of relapsed refractory leukemias, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The past and present of immunotherapy have been really exciting and the future looks incredibly promising. The challenges include widening the availability and affordability beyond specialized centers, identification of potentially predictive biomarkers of response, and experience in the management of complications of these novel agents. The combinational approach of multiple immunotherapies might be the way forward to complement the treatment strategies to harness the immune system and to improve survival with good quality of life.
Robust Randomized Controlled Data Is Lacking in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Bains Sandeep S. , Hameed Daniel , Dubin Jeremy A. , Stern Jonathan M. , Mont Michael A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)are regarded as highest level of scientific evidence. There is belief that while prospective randomized control trials (PRCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating efficacy of interventions, there are very few conducted on lower extremity joint arthroplasty. However, there was a more than adequate amount (n=197) of published RCTs in knee arthroplasty during the 2021 calendar year. Therefore, we studied RCTs on knee arthroplasties for 2021 and assessed them for overall study topic reasons (i.e., devices as well as prostheses, rehabilitation, pain control, blood loss [tranexamic acid], and other), which were then subcategorized by: (1) country of origin; (2) sample size; and (3)whether or not they were follow-up studies. After this, we specifically focused on the studies (n=26) concerning devices or prostheses.

Methods A search of PubMed on “knee arthroplasty” specifying “RCT” using their search function and dates between January 1, 2021 to December 24, 2021 resulted in the analyzed reports. A total of 17.3% reports analyzed rehabilitation methods while 28.4% studied pain control. A total of 20.3% examined blood loss topics and 20.8% investigated other topics.

Results We found that 26 studies (13.2%) involved prosthetic design and implantation. Overall, only 15% knee arthroplasty RCTs were conducted in the United States, the mean total final sample size was 133±146 patients, and 7% were follow-up studies. None of the prostheses studies were performed in the United States, and the mean total final sample size of all of these studies was 86±54 patients, and 23% were follow-up studies. Total knee arthroplasty prospective RCTs were not performed in the United States.

Conclusion The authors believe that other study designs, such as database or registry analyses, are also appropriate in this rapidly advancing field of joint arthroplasty for the continuing evaluation and approval of new prostheses and techniques, while we await more PRCTs in our field.
Metacarpal Shortening with Intramedullary Screw Fixation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kwan Stephanie A. , Wang William L. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Kachooei Amir , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Rivlin Michael
Published: November 2022

Background Intramedullary screw fixation is a commonly used technique for the management of metacarpal fractures. However, compression across the fracture site can lead to unintentional shortening of the metacarpal.

Questions/Purposes Our aim was to evaluate the risk of overshortening with differing intramedullary device designs for fixation of metacarpals.

Methods The small finger metacarpal of nine fresh-frozen cadavers were included. A metacarpal neck fracture was simulated with a 5-mm osteotomy. Three different intramedullary screw designs were compared. Each screw was placed in a retrograde fashion into the intramedullary canal and the amount of shortening measured. Screws were reversed and the number of reverse turns with the screwdriver needed to release overshortening were measured.

Results The average shortening at the osteotomy site was 2.5 mm. The mean shortening was 80%, 58%, and 12% for the partially threaded screw, fully threaded screw, and threaded nail, respectively. The mean differences of the distance shortened were statistically significant for the threaded nail compared with the partially and fully threaded screws. The partially threaded screw had the most shortening, while the threaded nail provided the least amount of shortening. When the screws were reversed, the screws did not disengage until the screw was fully removed from the osteotomy site.

Conclusion The fully threaded nail demonstrates less shortening and possibly minimizes overshortening of fractures compared with partially threaded and fully threaded screw designs. Overshortening cannot be corrected by unscrewing the screw unless completely removed from the distal fragment.

Clinical Relevance Orthopaedic surgeons may select intermedullary screws based on the design that is suited for the particular metacarpal fracture pattern.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluations of Patients Diagnosed as Having Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: A Single Center Experience from Konya
Authors: Gençeli Mustafa , Akcan Özge Metin , Erdoğan Kübra Nur , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Yazar Abdullah , Akin Fatih , Güneş Muhammed , Şap Fatih , Oflaz Mehmet Burhan , Feyzioğlu Bahadır
Published: November 2022

Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction, was newly defined after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The clinical spectrum of MIS-C can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. We aimed to evaluate demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and treatment modalities of patients with MIS-C according to clinical severity.

Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed as having MIS-C between September 2020 and October 2021 in the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Türkiye.

Results A total of 48 patients (24 females and 24 males) with a median age at diagnosis of 10.3 years (range: 42 months–17 years) were enrolled, the most common clinical severity of MIS-C was moderate. The common presentations of patients were fever (97%), nonpurulent conjunctivitis (89.6%), rashes (81.3%), fatigue (81.3%), strawberry tongue (79.2%), and myalgia (68.8%). The most common laboratory findings were lymphopenia (81.2%), thrombocytopenia (54.1%), elevated D-dimer levels (89.5%), C-reactive protein (CRP; 100%), procalcitonin (97%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (87.5%), ferritin (95.8%), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (86.1%), and probrain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (97%). High levels of CRP, procalcitonin, pro-BNP, and urea were associated with the severity of MIS-C (p < 0.05). Fifteen of the patients were found to have pulmonary involvement. Ascites were the most common finding on abdominal ultrasonography (11 patients) and were not seen in a mild form of the disease. During the study period, two patients died.

Conclusion It is important to make patient-based decisions and apply a stepwise approach in treating patients with MIS-C due to the increased risk of complications and mortality.
Parkinson's Disease: Risk Factor Modification and Prevention
Authors: Rajan Suraj , Kaas Bonnie
Published: November 2022

The global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the current consensus on the existence of a prediagnostic phase of PD, which can be divided into a preclinical stage and a prodromal stage, we can better define the risk markers and prodromal markers of PD in the broader context of PD pathogenesis. Here, we review this pathogenetic process, and discuss the evidence behind various heritability factors, exposure to pesticides and farming, high dairy consumption, and traumatic brain injuries that have been known to raise PD risk. Physical activity, early active lifestyle, high serum uric acid, caffeine consumption, exposure to tobacco, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers, as well as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets are observed to lower PD risk. This knowledge, when combined with ways to identify at-risk populations and early prodromal PD patients, can help the clinician make practical recommendations. Most importantly, it helps us set the parameters for epidemiological studies and create the paradigms for clinical trials.
The effect of short-term inverter saturation on modeled hourly PV output using minute DC power measurements
Authors: Allen J. O. , Hobbs W. B.
Published: November 2022

PV system modeling is primarily done on hourly timescales and so cannot capture subhourly effects, including inverter saturation. Inverter saturation occurs when the potential dc power, Pdc, produced by the collectors is greater than the inverter capacity, and some of the PV power is lost or “clipped.” The inverter clips power rapidly, and calculations based on hour-averaged Pdc will overestimate ac power output for hours in which clipping occurs intermittently. Clipping is greater in systems with high ratios of collectors to inverter capacity, “dc:ac ratio.” We studied this modeling error using minute-scale Pdc measurements from a test site in Birmingham AL that had four different mounting configurations equipped with oversized inverters; i.e., 0.8 dc:ac ratio. PV output was calculated using minute- and hour-averaged Pdc and modeled inverters with dc:ac ratios up to 2.0. The modeling errors due to short term inverter saturation were approximately 2% of the annual output for 1.4 dc:ac ratios. We present the effect of mounting type, dc:ac ratio, season, and hour-of-day on these errors for the study site.
Reporting of outcomes and measures in studies of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium in older adults resident in long-term care: a systematic review
Authors: Russell Gregor , Rana Namrata , Watts Rahul , Roshny Sefat , Siddiqi Najma , Rose Louise
Published: November 2022

Objectives

to inform development of a core outcome set, we evaluated outcomes, definitions, measures and measurement time points in clinical trials of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium in older adults resident in long-term care (LTC).

Data sources

we searched electronic databases, systematic review repositories and trial registries (1980 to 10 December 2021).

Study selection and data extraction

we included randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised intervention studies. We extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes and measurement features. We assessed outcome reporting quality using the MOMENT study scoring system. We categorised outcomes using the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy.

Data synthesis

we identified 18 studies recruiting 5,639 participants. All evaluated non-pharmacological interventions; most (16 studies, 89%) addressed delirium prevention. We identified 12 delirium-specific outcomes (mean [SD] 2.4 [1.5] per study), of which delirium incidence (14 studies, 78%) and severity (6 studies, 33%) were most common. We found heterogeneity in description of outcomes and measurement time points. The Confusion Assessment Method (three versions) was the most common measure used to ascertain delirium incidence (7 of 14 studies, 50%). We identified 25 non-delirium specific outcomes (mean [SD] 4.0 [2.3] per study), with hospital admission the most commonly reported (9 studies, 50%).

Conclusions

we identified few studies of interventions for the prevention or treatment of delirium in older adults resident in LTC. These studies were heterogeneous in the outcomes reported and measures used. These data inform the consensus-building stage of a core outcome set.