bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN MEDIA COVERAGE ATAS PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PENGUNGKAPAN MANAJEMEN RESIKO TERHADAP REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Herawati Vinola , Daeli Florus , Julia
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance and risk management disclosure on real earnings management. In addition, this study also investigates the role played by the media (media coverage) and examines whether the media has an influence on real earnings management. The data analysis method in this study is a causality test using multiple regression analysis with moderation (Moderated Regression Analysis). The sample for this study used purposive sampling with a sample of consumer goods sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 – 2021. The results showed that independent commissioners and audit committees have a negative effect on real earnings management, disclosure of risk management and media coverage have no effect on real earnings management. Media coverage strengthens the influence of the Independent Commissioner on real earnings management, but does not strengthen the influence of the Audit Committee on real earnings management.
PROFITABILTAS SEBAGAI MODERATING PENGARUH KINERJA ESG, GREEN INNOVATION, ECO-EFFICIENCY TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Rahelliamelinda Liangchui , Handoko Jesica
Published: February 2024

Firm that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange need to publishing sustainability reports at the end of their accounting period as a form of corporate environmental responsibility and concern in meeting the interests of stakeholders. This research aims to examine the effect of Environmental, Social and Governance performance, green innovation and eco-efficiency on firm value with profitability as the moderator. The object of this research is non-financial firm that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and rated by Bloomberg for the 2020-2022 period. This research data was obtained from annual reports and company sustainability reports using purposive sampling techniques, resulting in a sample of 136 companies. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to process the data with the help of Statistical Product and Solutions version 25 software. The results of this research show that Environmental, Social and Governance performance has a positive effect, green innovation has no effect, while eco-efficiency has a negative effect on firm value. Profitability weakens the effect of Environmental, Social and Governance performance on firm value. On the contrary, profitability actually strengthens the effect of green innovation and eco-efficiency on firm value.
Peace Studies, Knowledge and Learner Achievement
Authors: Msila Vuyisile
Published: February 2024

All conscientious school leaders as well as parents aspire for peaceful schools where knowledge about peace will thrive, and role-players will be conscious human rights. Research has demonstrated that when learners have learnt about peace they are able to reshape their thinking as they consciously build optimism about the world. Arguably, all countries would embrace schools that promote peace within the curriculum. Yet, apart from promoting reflection and dialogue on peace, few studies have examined the link between peace and learner achievement. As such this study examined the impact of peace studies on learner achievement. The qualitative study was conducted in four high schools that had been riddled by violence over a period of two years. Teachers in these schools had undergone informal peace training in attempts to lessen violence. The findings revealed that learners learned about handling conflicts, understanding the concept of good values as well as respect and knowledge. It was also found that learners whose schools have run critical programmes in peace studies are likely to use positive school climate, useful knowledge, and maximisation of positive learner behavior for their success. Peace may therefore be a little recognised factor that may support learner success and minimise the dropout rates. Finally, the study showed that peace and progress go hand in hand when teachers and their learners do not have to focus on addressing violence. The schools become more prosperous when they use stability to enhance a positive climate and promote peace and learners’ achievement.
Idosos em institucionalização de longa permanência: desvelando a experiência dos familiares
Authors: Pereira Rosana Andrade , Beluci Marli Luiz , Pedreira Vely Ferreira , Farinha Francely Tineli , Matiole Claudia Regina , Prado Priscila Capelato , Kostrisch Lilia Maria Von , Trettene Armando dos Santos
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de familiares referente a internação do idoso em instituição de longa permanência.  Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de delineamento qualitativo, realizado entre janeiro e abril de 2019, em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência privada, localizada no interior de São Paulo/Brasil. Participaram familiares de idosos institucionalizados por período superior a três meses. A amostra foi definida por saturação teórica e constou de oito familiares. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, que foi audiogravada, transcrita na íntegra e submetida a Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Temática. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Observou-se equidade quanto ao grau de parentesco, entre filhos e irmãos (37,5%), e entre mulheres e homens (ambos 50%). Dentre as motivações para a internação incluíram-se a necessidade de cuidados contínuos, específicos e aspectos financeiros. Conclusão: Desvelou-se que a internação ocorreu quando não havia outra possibilidade e, posteriormente, evidenciaram-se benefícios referentes à internação.
Political and trade of the Malacca sultanate and the ming dynasty XV-XVI century
Authors: Darmawan Budi , Nazra Endah Regita Cahyani , Rahmawati Fitri , Hasibuan Nur Anisah
Published: February 2024

This research was conducted due to the significance of the Malacca Strait's role as a trading center, connecting the Ming Dynasty in China with various regions, which led to economic growth and cultural interaction in Malacca. The main focus of the research lies on the political and trade interdependence between the Sultanate of Malacca and the Ming Dynasty during the 15th-16th centuries. The author employs the historical methods of heuristics, source criticism, data interpretation and historiography to conduct an in-depth analysis of historical records and artifacts, with the aim of holistically investigating the political and trade interrelationships between the Ming Dynasty and the Malacca Sultanate. The research reveals that diplomatic visits and mutually beneficial trade strengthened the relationship between Malacca and China. Facing threats from Siam and Majapahit, Malacca sought refuge from the Ming Dynasty, and began a close relationship. Notably, the visit of Chinese envoy Yin C'ing in 1403 paved the way for the arrival of Admiral Cheng Ho in 1409, which strengthened diplomatic relations. This relationship not only protected Malacca, but also facilitated its thriving trade. Malacca became a trading hub, offering China access to spices, while the Ming Dynasty provided military protection. The interdependence between Malacca and China in the 15th century underscores that their relationship not only fostered political security, but also increased trade and cultural exchange in the region.
HELM KULIT MOTIF SEJARAH UNTUK PENINGKATKAN NILAI JUAL PRODUK DAUR ULANG HELM BEKAS
Authors: Wibowo Anjar Mukti , Saputra Andri , Huda Khoirul
Published: February 2024

Sampah menjadi masalah lingkungan masyarakat. Masyarakat cenderung mengabaikan ketika ada barang yang tidak dipakai, sehingga kadang menganggu keindahan lingkungan. Begitu pun dengan helm bekas yang masih dijumpai di tempat pembuangan sampah. Meskipun tidak banyak namun ketika sudah rusak jarang orang menyimpan di rumah. Jika ingin dijual pun minim peminat. Perlu diperhatikan agar helm bekas tersebut yang secara kasat mata terabaikan justru memiliki potensi ketika di daur ulang menjadi kemasan produk menarik. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk melakukan daur ulang helm bekas menjadi modifikasi helm kulit dengan motif sejarah. Metode menerapkan pendekatan pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk strategi promosi. Hasilnya menunjukkan pelaksanaan kemitraan masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan helm bekas yang dikumpulkan dari sampah lingkungan warga setempat. Sebelum pelaksanaan pelatihan, tim pengabdian melakukan sosialisasi dan koordinasi dengan menekankan pemberian pengetahuan pengolahan daur ulang sampah secara umum kemudian mengkhususkan helm. Selanjutnya memberi pelatihan keterampilan mendaur ulang dengan kegiatan memilah dan memisahkan helm bekas, pengecatan, melapisi kulit nabati, pengeringkan hingga proses memotif tokoh sejarah dan wayang. Jika sudah jadi dilakukan pendampingan periodik untuk memantau perkembangan proses pembuatan dan produksi hingga nanti menarik minat masyarakat melalui sosialisasi di stakeholder dan promosi online.  
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA CABRI GEOMETRI 2D UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA SMA ALKHAIRAAT TOBELO
Authors: Sari Diah Prawitha , Nur Isman Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Most students still face difficulties related to the use of mathematics learning media. The learning media they have studied so far have not been able to answer the problems they face. It is necessary to provide training and assistance through cabri media that can overcome problems. Based on these problems, the purpose of this activity is a) to find out student learning outcomes in solving mathematical problems using cabri geometry 2D media, b) to find out the attitudes and skills of students in using Cabri Geometry 2D media. The participants in this training and mentoring were 22 Al-Khairat Tobelo High School students. The results of this activity were the students' abilities before applying cabri geometry 2D media, there was 1 student who obtained less qualifications or in the 4.54% category and 21 students obtained failed qualifications or in the 95.45% category. While the ability of students after applying cabri geometry media, there were 3 students obtaining satisfactory qualifications or 13.64% and 19 students obtaining good qualifications or 86.36%. Based on the results of the interviews, information was obtained that the majority of students had good behavior towards learning using cabri geometry media with an average percentage of 60.79.

 

Abstrak. Sebagian besar siswa masih menghadapi kesulitan terkait dengan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran matematika. Media pembelajaran yang mereka pelajari selama ini belum mampu menjawab permasalahan yang mereka hadapi. Perlu dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan melalui media cabri yang dapat memecahkan permasalahan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah a) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika menggunakan media cabri geometri 2D, b) untuk mengetahui sikap dan keterampilan siswa dalam menggunakan media cabri geometri 2D. Peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan ini adalah siswa SMA Al-Khairat Tobelo berjumlah 22 orang. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah kemampuan siswa sebelum diterapkan media cabri geometri 2D, terdapat 1 siswa yang memperoleh kualifikasi kurang atau dalam kategori 4,54% dan 21 siswa memperoleh kualifikasi gagal atau dalam kategori 95,45%. Sedangkan kemampuan siswa setelah diterapkan media cabri geometri, terdapat 3 siswa memperoleh kualifikasi memuaskan atau 13,64% dan 19 siswa memperoleh kualifikasi baik atau 86,36%. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara diperoleh informasi bahwa sebagian besar siswa mempunyai perilaku yang baik terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media cabri geometri dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 60,79.

Kata Kunci: cabri geometri 2D, geometri transformasi, peningkatan pembelajaran
Evidence for Dearomatizing Spirocyclization and Dynamic Effects in the Nitrogen Deletion of Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Masson-Makdissi Jeanne , Lalisse Remy , Yuan Mingbin , Dherange Balu , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Levin Mark
Published: February 2024

Selectivity in organic chemistry is generally presumed to arise from energy differences between competing selectivity-determining transition states. However, in cases where static DFT fails to reproduce experimental product distributions, dynamic effects can be examined to understand the behavior of more complex reaction systems. Previously, we reported a method for nitrogen deletion of secondary amines which relies of the formation of isodiazene intermediates that subsequently extrude dinitrogen with concomitant C-C bond formation via a caged diradical. Herein, a detailed mechanistic analysis of the nitrogen deletion of 1-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinolines is presented, suggesting that in this system the previously determined diradical mechanism undergoes dynamically controlled partitioning to both the normal 1,5-coupling product and an unexpected spirocyclic dearomatized intermediate, which converges to the expected indane by an unusually facile 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. This mechanism is not reproduced by static DFT but is supported by quasi-classical molecular dynamics calculations and unifies several unusual observations in this system, including partial chirality transfer, non-statistical isotopic scrambling at the ethylene bridge, the isolation of spirocyclic dearomatized species in a related heterocyclic series, and the observation that introduction of an 8-substituent dramatically improves enantiospecificity.
Atomic level origin of the impact of octahedral tilting and tetragonal distortions on the functional properties of the room temperature multiferroic Bi6Ti3Fe1.5Mn0.5O18
Authors: Colfer Louise , Bagues Nuria , Noor-A-Alam Mohammad , Schmidt Michael , Nolan Michael , McComb David , Keeney Lynette
Published: February 2024

Aurivillius structured Bi6Ti3Fe1.5Mn0.5O18 (B6TFMO) has emerged as a rare room temperature multiferroic, exhibiting reversible magnetoelectric switching of ferroelectric domains under cycled magnetic fields. This layered oxide presents exceptional avenues for advancing data storage technologies owing to its distinctive ferroelectric and ferromagnetic characteristics. Despite its immense potential, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving multiferroic behavior remains elusive. Herein, we employ atomic resolution electron microscopy to elucidate the interplay of octahedral tilting and atomic-level structural distortions within B6TFMO, associating these phenomena with functional properties. Fundamental electronic features at varying bonding environments within this complex system are scrutinized using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), revealing that the electronic nature of the Ti4+ cations within perovskite BO6 octahedra is influenced by position within the Aurivillius structure. Layer-by-layer EELS analysis shows an ascending crystal field splitting (Δ) trend from outer to central perovskite layers, with an average increase in Δ of 0.13 ± 0.06 eV. Density functional theory calculations, supported by atomic resolution polarization vector mapping of B-site cations, underscore the correlation between the evolving nature of Ti4+ cations, the extent of tetragonal distortion and ferroelectric behavior. Integrated differential phase contrast imaging unveils the position of light oxygen atoms in B6TFMO for the first time, exposing an escalating degree of octahedral tilting towards the central layers, which competes with the magnitude of BO6 tetragonal distortion. The observed octahedral tilting, influenced by B-site cation arrangement, is deemed crucial for juxtaposing magnetic cations and establishing long-range ferromagnetic order in multiferroic B6TFMO.
Structure−Activity Relationships Towards the Identification of High-Potency Selective Human Toll-Like Receptor-7 Agonist
Authors: Kaushik Deepender , Kaur Arshpreet , Patil Madhuri , Sihag Binita , Piplani Sakshi , Sakala Isaac , Honda-Okubo Yoshikazu , Ramakrishnan Saravanan , Petrovsky Nikolai , Salunke Deepak
Published: February 2024

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the “sentinel” of the immune system to link innate immune responses with adaptive immunity. TLR7 agonists are highly immunostimulatory and can be exploited as powerful vaccine adjuvants. A structure-activity relationship study was conducted on the TLR7-active imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) scaffold, starting with 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (BBIQ) as a lead structure. A systematic exploration of electron withdrawing as well as electron donating substituents at the para-position of benzyl group at N-1 position of IMDQ scaffold led to the identification of a highly active para-hydroxymethyl IMDQ analogue with an EC50 value of 0.23 µM for human TLR7 with marginal activity for human TLR8, thereby indicating it as a TLR7-specific agonist that was 37-fold more potent than imiquimod. Its bio-steric para-aminomethyl analogue was a dual TLR7 and TLR8 agonist. Molecular modelling was performed which revealed the TLR8 activity of the IMDQ scaffold to be associated with the presence of amino functionality in the benzyl group. TLR7-biased activity was driven by the forming of multiple H-bonds with TLR7 which not formed when the IMDQ scaffold compounds were docked with TLR8. Finally, the role of the IMDQ scaffold agonists as vaccine adjuvants was tested with a Covid-19 vaccine in mice, which showed that TLR7 activity even in the absence of TLR8 activity was sufficient for potentiation of anti-spike protein antibody production, suggesting that TLR7 specific agonists may make suitable vaccine adjuvants.
Synthesis of proposed structures and structural revision of marine Roseobacter sulfur amino lipids (SALs)
Authors: Zudich Luca , Leeming Michael , Pallasdies Luise , Nuske Madison , Reid Gavin , Burchill Laura , Williams Spencer
Published: February 2024

The Roseobacter Clade Bacteria (RCB) play a crucial role in marine ecosystems, particularly Ruegeria pomeroyi and Phaeobacter inhibens, which utilize organosulfur compounds such as 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionoate (DMSP). Recently, a new class of sulfonolipids, sulfur amino lipids (SALs), was identified in these bacteria, with possible structures proposed by Smith et al. (ISME Journal, 2021, 15, 2440-2453). This study aims to confirm or revise the proposed structures for SAL-656 and SAL-672. Two candidates for SAL-656 and SAL-672 were synthesized, namely 3-acyloxyacylamides of homotaurine and cysteinolic acid, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of synthetic and natural SALs revealed significant discrepancies, leading to the exclusion of proposed structures. Further exploration of lipid extracts from R. pomeroyi and P. inhibens identified related lipoforms of SAL-656 and SAL-672, which form two distinct families based on LC-MS/MS and molecular network analysis. While the mass spectrometric data allow exclusion of previously proposed structures and provide insights into acyl groups and headgroups, the complete structures of SAL-656 and SAL-672 remain elusive. Nonetheless, the data are consistent with revised structures based on cysteinolic acid or 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid wherein both hydroxyl and amino groups are acylated. Our findings reveal the SALs as a group of sulfonolipids that are distinct from more studied classes of sulfonolipids, with implications for understanding their biosynthesis and ecological roles in marine environments.
Elucidating the Role of Strain in Catalysis toward Modulating Surface-Adsorbate Interactions and Tuning Catalytic Activity
Authors: Borkar Siddhesh S , Shetty Manish
Published: February 2024

Strain has been shown to modulate adsorption and reactions on metal surfaces. While its effect on surface-adsorbate interactions has been rationalized, an understanding of the electronic factors that drive these interactions and their consequences on catalytic activity is lacking. In this work, we use ab initio density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling (MKM) to develop electronic descriptors that govern the effect of biaxial strain in the modulation of interactions between adsorbate and transition states with catalyst surface and report its significance in enhancing the activity of fcc Pd(111) in the synthesis of ammonia (NH3), an important renewable-energy and hydrogen (H2) vector. We established the p-band center (pcenter) of the adsorbates and transition states (TS) and the hybridized d-band center (dcenter) of the surface metal as key electronic descriptors for adsorbate and TS energy variations with strain. Specifically, the pcenter of the adsorbates is lowest for the sites with the strongest adsorption, and the upshift of the dcenter of the surface metal atoms is greatest for the adsorption site with the highest strain susceptibility (i.e., the change in adsorption energy per unit applied strain). Importantly, we showed significant deviations in scaling relations with strain compared to periodic scaling relationships, both for adsorption and reaction. Over a net 4% tensile strain (±2%), the dcenter of Pd(111) moved upward by 0.21 eV, enhancing N2 dissociation, the rate-determining step in NH3 synthesis by ~37×, and the pcenter in N bound to the catalyst surface moved downward in the adsorbed state and upward in the TS (i.e., electron density shifted toward the bonding and anti-bonding states, respectively). Thus, tensile strain played a dual role in enhancing N2 dissociation, strengthening the adsorption of atomic N and weakening the N-N bond in the TS. We then evaluated N2 dissociation at 3/4 ML H-coverage under industrial conditions (150 atm H¬2, 50 atm N2, and 723 K), revealing the effect of tensile strain on the rate enhancement to be nearly two orders of magnitude greater (~3273× vs. ~37×) at high surface coverages. Overall, this study highlights strain as a useful design tool to improve catalytic activity.
Controlled surface acetylation of cellulosics to tune biodegradability while expanding their use towards common petrochemical-based plastics
Authors: King Alistair , Paajanen Antti , Mahlamäki Ella , Mäkelä Mikko , Penttilä Paavo , Leino Mari , Spönla Elisa , Svanberg Mariitta , Koso Tetyana , Tanaka Atsushi , Liukkonen Vuokko , Solberg Amalie , Savolainen Anniina , Orelma Hannes , Korpela Antti , Syverud Kristin , Harlin Ali
Published: February 2024

The European Commissions single-use plastics directive has put major restrictions on the use of chemically modified cellulosics for different material applications, e.g., as films, fibres, foams and other shaped objects. In addition, the wet strength and barrier properties of some of these materials are lacking, in comparison to petrochemical-based plastics. In the current study we demonstrate that it is possible to carry out surface selective acetylation of kraft fibre paper and nano-paper to create materials that maintain biodegradability. This is shown to be highly dependent on the degree of bulk acetylation, with those materials with modification restricted to fibril surface monoacetylation offering fine control over enzymatic digestibility. Materials which show the formation of cellulose triacetate were much less degradable in the timeframe of our assessment methods. However, the wet strength and extensibility of these materials was significantly improved, pushing the envelope for application towards moisture-rich environments. The mechanistic component of our study shows acetylation occurs down to the fibril surface level, and not just on the macrofibre level. We believe that this study offers a strong basis for widening the application scope of cellulosics towards traditionally petrochemical-based plastics
De novo designed short peptide tags for synthetic protein condensates in mammalian cells
Authors: Miki Takayuki , Hashimoto Masahiro , Takahashi Hiroki , Shimizu Masatoshi , Nakayama Sae , Furuta Tadaomi , Mihara Hisakazu
Published: February 2024

In mammalian cells, protein condensates underlie diverse cell functions. Intensive synthetic biological research has been devoted to fabricating liquid droplets using de novo peptides/proteins designed from scratch in test tubes or bacterial cells. However, the development of de novo sequences for synthetic droplets forming in eukaryotes is challenging. Here, we report YK peptides, comprising 9–15 residues of alternating repeats of tyrosine and lysine, which form reversible amyloid-like fibrils accompanied by binding with poly-anion species such as ATP. By genetically tagging the YK peptide, superfolder GFPs assemble into artificial liquid-like droplets in living cells. Rational design of the YK system allows fine-tuning of the fluidity and construction of multi-component droplets. Furthermore, the YK system not only facilitates intracellular reconstitution of simplified models for natural protein condensates, but it also provides a toolbox for the systematic creation of droplets with different dynamicity and composition for in situ evaluation.
Aqueous Micellar Environment Impacts the Co-Catalyzed Phototransformation: A Case Study
Authors: Wincenciuk Aleksandra , Cmoch Piotr , Giedyk Maciej , Andersson Martin , Gryko Dorota
Published: February 2024

In recent years, methodologies that rely on water as the reaction medium have gained considerable attention. The unique properties of micellar solutions were shown to improve the regio-, stereo-, and chemoselectivity of different transformations. Herein, we demonstrate that the aqueous environment is a suitable medium for a visible light driven cobalt-catalyzed reaction involving radical species. In this system, reduced vitamin B12 reacts with alkyl halides, gen-erating radicals that are trapped by the lipophilic olefin present in the Stern layer. A series of NMR measurements and theoretical studies revealed the location of reaction components in the micellar system.
Regio-MPNN: Predicting Regioselectivity for General Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions using Chemical Knowledge Informed Message Passing Neural Network
Authors: Li Baochen , Liu Yuru , Sun Haibin , Zhang Rentao , Xie Yongli , Foo Klement , Mak Frankie , Zhang Ruimao , Yu Tianshu , Lin Sen , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: February 2024

The current surge of artificial intelligence(AI) has sparked a renaissance in the field of computer-aided synthesis planning(CASP). Understanding regioselectivity during CASP has long been a crucial yet unsolved problem. Precisely predicting regioselective effects imparts designing high-yielding synthetic routes with minimal separation and material costs. However, it is still an emerging state to combine chemical knowledge and data-driven methods to make practical predictions for regioselectivity. At the same time, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have profoundly transformed medicinal chemistry, and thus become one of the most frequently encountered types of reactions in CASP. In this work, we introduce a data-driven framework that directly identifies the intrinsic major products for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, with chemical knowledge-informed message-passing neural networks(MPNNs). Integrating both first principle methods and data-driven methods, our model achieves an overall accuracy of 95.32\% on the test set of eight typical metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction types, including Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, Sonogashira, Buchwald-Hartwig, Hiyama, Kumada, Negishi, and Heck reactions. Notably under practical scenarios, our model outperforms 6 experimental organic chemists with an average working experience of over 10 years in the organic synthesis industry. We have also developed a free web-based AI-empowered tool to assist general chemists in making prompt decisions about regioselectivity. Our code and web tool have been made available at https://github.com/Chemlex-AI/regioselectivity and https://ai.tools.chemlex.com/region-choose, respectively.
Editorial
Authors: B.R. Ramakrishna Dr.
Published: February 2024

None
Physicochemical Standardization of Majoon Hajrul Yahood: An important Pharmacopeial Unani Formulation
Authors: Ajij Ahmed Makbul Shaikh
Published: February 2024

Introduction Majoon Hajrul yahood is commonly used in Unani system of medicine for the management of urological diseases especially urolithiasis.Aim To standardize the physicochemical characteristics of this herbo-mineral formulation and establish its quality.Materials and Methods Individual ingredients of the formulation were procured from authentic sources and identified by experts. The in-house formulation was prepared as per the methods mentioned in Unani classical literature and was standardized by following the norms established by WHO and the Ayurveda Siddha and Unani systems of medicine. The formulation was tested for heavy metals microbial contamination specific pathogens and aflatoxins. Extractive values ash values and pH were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids carbohydrates saponins phenols glycosides phytosterols flavonoids proteins and amino acids were performed and HPLC analysis was also done. Physical parameters like loss of weight on drying pH ash values and extractive values were recorded.Results Qualitative chemical tests indicated the presence of alkaloids carbohydrates glycoside tannins flavonoids proteins amino acids saponins and steroids. Total fungal and bacterial counts were found to be within the permissible limit. Heavy metals like arsenic mercury lead and cadmium were also found to be in permissible quantities as mentioned by WHO.Conclusion The findings will be helpful in maintaining the quality standard and can be used as a future reference for the preparation and standardization of this formulation.nbsp
A Critical Review on Nidana of Mootrashmari with Special Reference to Urolithiasis
Authors: Subramanya P. , Prasanna B.V. , Sharma Muralidhar , S Nagaraj
Published: February 2024

Ashmari calculi is known as a Mahagada1 and krichra sadhya vyadhi. Hence prevention of Ashmari is more important than intervention. This is possible only when the cause is established. The present review presents an understanding of the causative factors of Ashmari in particular. Mootrashmari is a prevalent disease in the present era. The condition can be correlated to urolithiasis which is very common and affects nearly 12 of the population due to unhealthy lifestyle.2 Similarly 50 of the patients in the 30-50 years age range present with Mootrashmari with the male-to-female ratio being 43.3 Hence the present study was aimed at understanding the etiology of Mootrashmari explained in Ayurveda and modern medicine.
Echoes of Synthesis and Understanding of Hair Dye in Ayurveda: A Review
Authors: JK Cathelin , TL Gopal , GS Sunitha
Published: February 2024

Hair is connected to beauty personality age nationality beliefs and more. Hence people spend a lot of money for its care. Greying of hair along with premature greying is a major problem affecting the population at large that can occur due to various internal and external factors. To address this problem people use chemical hair dyes which have a negative impact on the health. The world is looking for different products that are natural and devoid of adverse effects. In Ayurveda palitya greying of hair its causes and treatments like Nasya karma Shiro abhyanga etc have been explained. The present review was conducted to identify three possible dye like formulations in Ayurvedic texts and to study the drugs used in formulations with an intent to analyse their dyeing properties and why they would work if practically used. Also to establish a possible classical formulation in ayurvedic texts as hair dye. The drugs like Bhringaraja Neeli Triphala Haritaki Vibhithaki Amalaki and others have been used from generations to dye hair with no adverse effects suggesting their safety efficacy and supremacy regarding these properties over contemporary dyes and so called herbal dyes that use chemicals. Hence this review article aims to provide insight regarding research updates in need of synthesizing herbal dye.
Conhecimento e aplicação da Framework para a Literacia da Informação em bibliotecas de Instituições de Ensino Superior em Portugal
Authors: Sanches Tatiana , Borges Maria Manuel
Published: February 2024

Resumo - Objetivo. Investiga-se o conhecimento do instrumento emanado pela ACRL, a Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, detido pelos bibliotecários portugueses que exercem funções em Instituições do Ensino Superior (IES) e até que ponto este está a ser colocado em prática, demonstrando as capacidades pedagógicas destes perante um novo programa para a competência em informação. Método. A metodologia adotada foi um inquérito por questionário, lançado ao universo das bibliotecas do ensino superior em Portugal e a análise dos resultados das respostas ao mesmo. O estudo, de base quantitativa, está sustentado numa revisão de literatura sobre o surgimento da Moldura [Framework] e a sua aplicação internacional. Resultados. Foram obtidas 25 respostas, de um universo de 177 bibliotecas de instituições do Ensino Superior em Portugal. Os resultados revelam um conhecimento suficiente do instrumento, mas uma aplicação incipiente, demonstrando uma adesão ainda inicial a esta ferramenta pedagógica. Conclusões. Constata-se que os bibliotecários do ensino superior têm preocupações no ensino de competências em informação. Porém não adoptam imediata e plenamente as recomendações internacionais, vertidas em novas ferramentas orientadoras. Ainda assim, os bibliotecários são permeáveis Ã s propostas da ACRL Framework, o que fica demonstrado com as respostas positivas relativas Ã  sua aplicação.
Desinformação e “fake news” no contexto da pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Santana Gislane Pereira , Simeão Elmira Luzia Melo Soares
Published: February 2024

Esse artigo analisa as informações identificadas e registradas como fake news no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil durante o primeiro ano da pandemia, e também informações avaliadas por “checadores”, plataformas utilizadas para verificar, contextualizar ou minimizar a desinformação nas redes e mídias sociais. No levantamento das informações foi utilizado um software para extrair os dados nas páginas do Ministério da Saúde durante o início da crise no Brasil. Com o uso de uma ferramenta de análise de texto buscou-se categorizar os termos mais registrados nas plataformas, mostrando também as expressões utilizadas pelos internautas ao disseminarem falsas informações, possibilitando a comparação com os temas avaliados por outros checadores que observam a circulação de falsas informações em temáticas relacionadas Ã  crise sanitária no Brasil e sua motivação.
jornalista enquanto usuário da informação
Authors: Barros Junior Roldão Alves de , Santos Andréa Pereira dos
Published: February 2024

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, os estudos do jornalismo começam a considerar o contexto informacional do jornalista para o processo de produção de notícias. Esses estudos, chamados de hipóteses contemporâneas do jornalismo, contudo, não se relacionam em nenhum momento com os estudos da Ciência da Informação, apesar de vários serem os elementos em comum. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as intersecções entre essas áreas, sobretudo a partir da conexão das hipóteses contemporâneas do jornalismo com a teoria geral do Comportamento Informacional Humano. Para isso, o artigo faz uma revisão de literatura dos estudos do comportamento informacional de jornalistas em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, além de aproximar diretamente as oito leis ou princípios de Wilson e as principais correntes teóricas do jornalismo hoje, no Brasil. Por fim, os autores concluem se tratar de uma lacuna que, se preenchida, pode fortalecer não só o desenvolvimento dos campos teóricos da Ciência da Informação e do Jornalismo no Brasil - historicamente unidos no país - como aumentar a qualidade da formação de jornalistas a partir da inclusão de discussões sobre a busca, o uso, a verificação e o compartilhamento de informação.
A biblioteca escolar expressa na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional
Authors: Pereira Gleice , Cola Roberta , Costa Fabiola Pereira da
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a biblioteca escolar está presente nos principais diálogos sobre educação, apesar das principais leis que regem o ensino no Brasil, não legitimarem sua importância ressaltando seu valor e apontando o  papel que ocupa como espaço propício para a colaboração e a construção de atividades que contribuem no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Objetivo geral: analisar as referências feitas à biblioteca escolar nas Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Objetivos específicos: apontar as principais concepções acerca da biblioteca escolar; traçar o histórico da LDB; buscar menções feitas à Biblioteca e termos relacionados nos textos das leis: e analisar as menções e as omissões de termos. Metodologia: apresenta características de estudo bibliográfico e documental, com a utilização de referenciais teóricos contidos na Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação (Brapci) durante o segundo semestre do ano de 2020. Além da Brapci, foram consultados trabalhos de cunho científico nos repositórios institucionais de entidades que ofertam cursos superiores na área da Ciência da Informação, mas especificamente no campo da Biblioteconomia; bem como cursos da área da Educação, a fim de identificar estudos que abordam a LDB e seus desdobramentos. Resultados: o levantamento bibliográfico indicou a carência de trabalhos que dialogam e fazem referência à biblioteca escolar no contexto da LDB. Na análise documental realizada na LDB aponta para a ausência de menções ou referências feitas à biblioteca escolar ou a quaisquer termos a ela associados. Conclusão: as análises realizadas expressam ausência de termos e menções relacionados  com a biblioteca escolar e bibliotecário.
A perda da memória cinematográfica: o incêndio na Cinemateca Brasileira
Authors: Cunha Murilo Bastos da
Published: February 2024

O editorial comenta a tragédia ocorrida com o incêndio na Cinemateca Brasileira, que destruiu parte do seu acervo cinematográfico e do arquivo histórico. A Cinemateca Brasileira, criada em 1940 e localizada na cidade de São Paulo, é a instituição responsável pela preservação da produção audiovisual brasileira. Ela conta com mais de 250 mil rolos de filmes e mais de um milhão de documentos relacionados ao cinema. Portanto, é importante que sejam realizadas ações concretas que visem maior apoio às atividades de preservação desse importante acervo audiovisual. Além disso, são comentados os artigos incluídos no terceiro número de 2021 da Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciência da Informação.
O capitalismo de vigilância informacional no contexto da ciência da informação
Authors: Veronez Júnior Wilson Roberto , Mira Bianca Savegnago de , Santos Júnior Edmilson Alves dos , Martínez-Ávila Daniel
Published: February 2024

Dualidades como informação é poder, informação é conhecimento, informação como coisa, informação como processo, informação como mercadoria, são frequentemente debatidas no campo da Ciência da Informação. Logo, não existe uma corrente dentro do próprio campo que traga uma definição específica do que se trata o conceito de informação, visto que esse é um conceito que está em constante discussão no campo. Desse modo, a informação recebe uma definição a partir de seu contexto e também do estabelecimento de um significado, seja ele tecnológico, administrativo, comunicacional, político, social e cultural. Este trabalho analisa de forma teórica e interdisciplinar a noção de Capitalismo de Vigilância Informacional no campo da Ciência da Informação. Além disso, busca compreender como essa vigilância atua na captação e manipulação de dados fornecidos por usuários em plataformas manuais ou automatizadas. O termo “Capitalismo de Vigilância” foi cunhado pela professora e psicóloga social estadunidense da Harvard Business School, Shoshana Zuboff. Com base em autores consagrados do campo, como Borko, Saracevic, Capurro, trata-se de um conceito que ainda não foi analisado e discutido com rigor na Ciência da Informação. A metodologia de pesquisa foi a revisão bibliográfica para o levantamento, seleção, análise, leitura e fichamento dos materiais sobre o conceito de Capitalismo de Vigilância e Ciência da Informação. Os materiais foram coletados em dicionários e manuais, nas bases de dados, em periódicos especializados, em eventos científicos nacionais e internacionais realizados na Ciência da Informação e de Tecnologia. Outras fontes de informação, como artigos, monografias, dissertações, teses e livros foram utilizados para dar sustentação teórica à pesquisa. Com base na análise da literatura e na interpretação textual dos materiais, considera-se que a ideia de Capitalismo de Vigilância Informacional é um conceito que precisa ser mais bem analisado do ponto de vista teórico-crítico, visto que, dados e informações são elementos fundamentais e que são inerentes às práticas sociais e humanas. Além disso, constatou-se que dois elementos fundamentais possibilitam a interação dialógica entre Capitalismo de Vigilância e Ciência da Informação, são eles: Informação e Interdisciplinaridade.
Fake news no ambiente digital: um fenômeno mercadológico de narrativas populistas nas redes sociais
Authors: Geronimo Aderlon dos Santos , Cuevas Cerveró Aurora , Oliveira Henry Poncio Cruz de
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho tem como finalidade contribuir nos estudos sobre fake news e desinformação na era digital. Com o avanço dos aparatos tecnológicos e as mudanças comunicacionais decorrentes da era pós-industrial, a maneira de obter informação nos espaços digitais se tornam fluidas e comprometedoras. Vivenciamos a sociedade do conhecimento que abre caminho para a produção, disseminação e compartilhamento de conteúdos nas redes sociais impactando a vida e o cotidiano das pessoas que compõem uma sociedade. Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e classificar como surgem as fake news nos espaços digitais e de que forma elas contribuem para o crescimento de narrativas populistas conservadoras. O estudo se faz importante por compreendermos que a sociedade da informação é moldada pela circulação das narrativas em rede digital, e por elas contribuírem na percepção social no ambiente democrático. Nosso artigo perpassa por uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo e coleta de dados na rede social Twitter. Para isso, utilizamos o procedimento qualitativo e quantitativo na intenção de identificar e classificar as informações obtidas. A partir da identificação e classificação da fake news na rede social, apresentamos três grupos predominantes: informações descontextualizadas, informações fragmentadas e informações manipuladas. A arquitetura composta por esses elementos nas redes sociais contribui na percepção de uma sociedade que desinforma. Resultados preliminares apontam que apesar das políticas desenvolvidas pelas plataformas digitais impedirem narrativas enganosas ou mesmo que propagam o discurso de ódio nas redes sociais, esse fenômeno acontece por conta da indústria capitalista da informação.
Conhecimentos críticos para formação do bibliotecário
Authors: Holanda Rebeca Josiane Alves de , Barbalho Célia Regina Simonetti , Nascimento Mateus Rebouças
Published: February 2024

Esta pesquisa analisa o emprego da gestão do conhecimento, por meio da metodologia do mapeamento de conhecimento crítico, na configuração curricular dos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia. Destaca que a gestão do conhecimento vem sendo abordada em diversos aspectos da administração de instituições de ensino superior, sobretudo em função delas serem essencialmente organizações de conhecimento. Justifica-se o artigo em função da escassa produção brasileira sobre estudos destinados à formação em nível de graduação, sobretudo para amparar o dimensionamento dos currículos. Apresenta um constructo metodológico composto de seis etapas destinadas a identificar quais os conhecimentos os egressos do curso de Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas identificam como críticos para qualificar sua ação profissional. Os resultados demonstram que os egressos percebem a maioria dos conhecimentos no plano pedagógico como importantes para suas práticas de trabalho, porém, dentre esses, há os que têm maior consenso que são os considerados críticos. Conclui-se que é primordial mapear os conhecimentos críticos para visualizar as necessidades cognitivas exigidas no mercado de trabalho da Biblioteconomia.
Memoria sonora en formato rollo de pianola: la Colección Hazen
Authors: Burgos Bordonau Esther , Piris Garcete Cynthia L.
Published: February 2024

La colección de rollos de pianola de la familia Hazen, compuesta por 489 ejemplares, es un magnífico ejemplo de conservación y mantenimiento de la memoria sonora de un tiempo no tan lejano. A finales del XIX y principios del XX, comenzaron a popularizarse los autopianos, las pianolas y los pianos eléctricos que irrumpieron en muchos hogares burgueses de Europa y América. La casa Hazen, principal vendedora y distribuidora de pianos en España, empezó con la venta y comercialización de estos instrumentos y también del repertorio para su ejecución: los rollos de pianola. Todo tipo de melodías fueron grabadas en estos soportes siendo las Sinfonías de Beethoven algunos de los títulos más presentes en la colección que nos ocupa. Aunque la casa Hazen suministró con las pianolas rollos de toda clase y estilo, fueron especialmente relevantes los que conformaban el catálogo de la casa Victoria y también de Best, filial de la primera para su venta y exportación a Latinoamérica, con un repertorio más adecuado a esas latitudes. Actualmente, tanto las bibliotecas de cierta importancia como los poseedores particulares de este tipo de soportes, están enfocando sus esfuerzos hacia la digitalización de estos materiales para una mejor conservación del patrimonio musical documental y para la difusión del mismo a través de nuevos dispositivos.
Ações de popularização, de divulgação da informação científica e de aproximação com a sociedade
Authors: Farias Maria Giovanna Guedes , Santos Nicolle Negreiros de Lima
Published: February 2024

Apresenta resultado de estudo que objetivou sugerir ações de popularização, divulgação da ciência e de aproximação do conhecimento científico com a sociedade. Para propor essas ações, foi realizada revisão de literatura com autores clássicos e contemporâneos das temáticas em foco, bem como uma abordagem de cunho exploratório, visando ampliar as reflexões e a compreensão sobre como construir os caminhos delineados nesta investigação. Os resultados demonstram que é preciso implementar ações de popularização da ciência, firmando parcerias entre as instituições de ensino e pesquisa, organismos governamentais, museus, centros de ciência, bibliotecas com o intuito de desenvolver diferentes ações como: palestras e eventos abertos ao público; aulas e debates com temáticas de interesse da comunidade; visitas periódicas nas escolas para a realização de rodas de conversas; debates, oficinas, cursos e capacitações para  diferentes públicos; elaboração de vídeos e conteúdos informativos, abordando temas pertinentes para o cotidiano da população; criação de grupos de pesquisa, incluindo cientistas e a sociedade; entre outros. Ao final, compreende-se que estas ações de aproximação com a sociedade emergem em um cenário premente de atenção, no que concerne à elaboração de políticas públicas, visando mudar uma realidade de distanciamento, da falta de criticidade, da propagação de notícias falsas, de curas milagrosas e fantasiosas e da descrença nos avanços científicos.