bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaiola guztiak hutsik egon arte:
Authors: Braceras-Martínez Gorka
Published: February 2025

Literatura gizartearen isla eta pertsonen pentsamoldeak aldatzekoerreminta izan daitekeenez gero, gaur egungo egoera klimatikoarenondorioz, asko dira haien fikzioan ingurumenarekiko kezka sakoninguruan idazten dutenak. Jarrera ekologistak gero eta ohikoagoak diraliteraturan, hala ere, “ekologismo erradikala” deritzonari edo ekintzazuzenari ez zaio presentzia handirik eman fikzio literarioan. 1975eEdward Abbey idazle estatubatuarraren The Monkey Wrench Gangargitaratu zen eta honek mugimendu ekologistan eragin nabaria izanzuen, literaturaren inpaktu soziala argi utziz. Eleberriak kontatzen duenfikziozko istorioan aktibista talde batek sabotajea eta ekintza zuzeerabiltzen dute natura defendatzeko eta botere kapitalista-industrialeimin emateko. Liburua argitaratu zenetik, ekintza zuzenean oinarritutakoekologismoak errepresentazio txikia izan du literaturan, baina hauenartean nabarmena da Richard Meloren Jokerman 8 eleberria, batez ere,honetan naturaren askapenerako eta animaliak askatzeko borrokaelkarrekin doazelako. Proposamen honek eleberri honen azterketa bat duxede, alderdi ezberdinak kontuan hartuz, baina, batez ere, animalienaldeko aktibismoari erreparatuz. Eleberriak animalien askapenerakomugimenduaren errepresentazioaren analisia du helburu, ikuspegiekokritiko batean oinarrituta. Honetarako, lehenik eta behin, istoriokoprotagonisten ideia eta pentsamenduak aztertuko dira, haien etaanimalien arteko harremanei dagokionez. Kasu honetan gai ekologista,filosofiko eta sentimentalak jorratuko dira gizakien eta animalien arkonexioak eleberrian nola irudikatzen diren ikusteko. Gero, liburuan zeharanimaliekin lotutako ekintza zuzenak aztertuko dira: erabilitakoprozedurak (legalak eta ilegalak), borrokak animaliengan daukan inpaktupositiboa, aktibismo ezak ekarriko lituzkeen hondamendiak, fikzioerrealitatearekin daukan harreman estua, etab. Horrela, fikzio literarioanimalien askapenerako borrokan egiten duten taldeen errepresentazioaaztertu nahi da, XXI. mendean animalien eta, oro har, naturaren egoerakritikoaren isla izateagatik.
Miradas no-humanas en la narrativa del siglo XXI en español:
Authors: Rosas-Romero Sergio
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se analizan dos novelas contemporáneas en español, Lasefímeras de Pilar Adón y No es un río de Selva Almada, a partir de lapropuesta que cada una hace sobre la representación de las miradashumanimales y el sufrimiento y muerte de especies no-humanas. Agrandes rasgos, propongo que los personajes humanos estudiados decada novela miran a los animales no-humanos de maneras éticas/políticasmuy diferentes entre sí, lo cual permite poner en juego una serie deaproximaciones teóricas sobre la mirada interespecie como son las deDerrida, Donovan y Haraway. Si bien los dos textos guardan marcadasdiferencias entre sí, es importante recalcar que ambos forman parte de unnumeroso grupo de obras literarias en español que se están aproximandoa la cuestión animal de maneras novedosas y con una sensibilidad muydiferente a la de siglos previos, lo cual da cuenta de una conciencia sobrelas prácticas de opresión de la biopolítica y el intento por tejer,colectivamente, una biopoética literaria (Yelin 2020).
Neurology in Bohemian Lights
Authors: Puy-Núñez Alfredo , Guitián-Pena Ana , Expósito-Ruiz Irene , Macías-Arribí Mercedes , Aldrey-Vázquez Jose Manuel , Pías-Peleteiro Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Valle-Inclán’s Bohemian Lights is the inaugural work of the esperpento, a literary genre that was born with the intention of offering distorted images of reality as a way of accessing it in a reflexive way. Material and Methods: Critical reading of the editio princeps of the work to analyze its neurological content. Results: The character of Max Estrella, inspired by the figure of Alejandro Sawa, would not meet the criteria for encephalitis. The diagnoses of Charles Bonnet syndrome and death due to stroke are more likely. The characters at the wake discuss the differential diagnosis between death and catalepsy, and one of them suffers a non-epileptic event. Conclusions: Bohemian Lights reflects different social, political and cultural aspects contemporary to the author. Health and disease are also addressed, with a preponderant role for neurology.
Cognition and Long COVID: A PRISMA Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Tudorache Pantazi María Alejandra , Gadea-Doménech Marien , Espert Tortajada Raúl
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Long COVID is defined by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as the set of signs and symptoms that develop during or after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and continue for more than twelve weeks without any alternative diagnosis. One of the most frequent persistent symptoms reported by patients and verified in neuroimaging studies is cognitive dysfunction, due to a generalized hypoconnectivity and a diffuse axonal lesion in white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present review are to determine how long cognitive functions remain affected during Long COVID and to explore which cognitive functions are most affected beyond three months of follow-up in patients up to 65 years of age without previous neuropsychological or psychiatric complications. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA criteria and 11 articles were included through a comprehensive search of five different databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest. The risk of bias of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Cognitive problems in Long COVID persist over time and improve slowly, although studies seem to agree that most areas improved significantly after one year. The cognitive functions that remained impaired the longest were processing speed and attention. Conclusions: These cognitive alterations cause a reduction in the quality of life of the patients and a reduction in work capacity and manifest the need for a cognitive intervention.
EARLY RESISTANCE TRAINING AFTER A STERNONOMY VS TRADITIONAL PRECAUTIONS
Authors: FRENCH KATHERINE , RAMOS HODEL
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/RmdSKkcfAIY

INTRODUCTION

The “Keep Your Move In The Tube” (KYMITT) is a mindful movement model that replaces traditional sternal precautions for after open heart surgery/sternotomy patients. The conservative sternal precautions that were often used after discharge from the hospital post-sternotomy can leave patients feeling high anxiety/fear. The approach of KYMITT focuses on kinesiological movements rather than load and time restrictions. This approach can help the patient feel back to normal and independent sooner.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 60-year-old male who had a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft x2 (CABGx2) performed on 02/09/24 came in for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Patient was discharged from the hospital on 02/13/24 (4 days total) and started CR on 03/01/24 (21 days post operation). The intervention for treatment used was KYMITT versus restrictive sternal precautions. First day of CR the patient was too fearful to use a treadmill for an exercise tolerance test (ETT). We tested his cardiovascular capacity with a six-minute walk test (6MWT) instead. The patient achieved 2.4 METs, and averaged about 1.9 MPH walking. The patient started weight training on day 2 of CR. Following the KYMITT protocol we let pain be his guide. We began with 5 strengthening exercises, 2 balance, 1 mobility, and 2 stretches. The strengthen exercises were as followed: band press, band row, dumbbell bicep curls, chair squats, and banded pull apart. Balance included one-foot balance on a foam pad, and a tandem walk. With a history of herniated discs in his back from deadlifting wrong, the prone press, chest stretch, and seated hamstring stretch were added. The patient had no pain in the sternum throughout the training. He kept to these exercises for the next 9 sessions. Cardio performed was a treadmill incline walk and the rower.

OUTCOME

At the 30 day reassessment the average METs increased to 4.3. Advancing the patient to the dumbbells, machines, and increase the resistance and repetitions. At the 60 day reassessment the average METs increased again to 5.2. Again, at the 90 Day reassessment the METs increased again to average 5.7. The patient progressed to an A/B schedule with strength training performing higher intensity exercises for strength and cardiovascular health. The cardiovascular exercises were elliptical, boxing, and the Stairmaster. On the final day of exercise the Bruce ETT was performed. Achieving 10.2 METs, at 8:12 minutes stopping due to fatigue. This was a 325% increase from his very first day of exercise. Further evidence of strength gains reflected from his 5 rep max test (5RM) we completed as well. Testing his muscular strength and endurance.

DISCUSSION

Being able to lift weights and gain strength back sooner than later can help with recovery after open heart surgery in cardiovascular and strength gains. Pain being the guide for the patient with KYMITT allows more freedom for the patient leading to decreased anxiety as well using their upper extremities.
IMPACT OF SLEEP REACTIVITY ON HEALTH OUTCOMES IN ADULTS WITH INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS
Authors: Herring Emma K. , Sherman Sally A. , Quinn Tyler D. , Lehrer H. Matthew , Buysse Daniel J. , Davis Kelliann K. , Kline Christopher E. , Cheruka Caitlin A.
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/AD5RoRmRwDU

BACKGROUND

High levels of sleep reactivity (SR) —the sensitivity of sleep patterns to stress—have been associated with a risk of developing insomnia disorder. Furthermore, insomnia disorder increases vulnerability to negative health outcomes such as decreased stamina and overall fatigue. Recognizing how SR contributes to these adverse health effects allows for the development of more effective training programs and rehabilitation services. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between SR with sleep, cardiovascular, and mental health (MH) in adults with insomnia symptoms.

METHODS

Data were collected on 33 insufficiently active adults (age=34.9±10.6 y, body mass index [BMI]=28.7±7.2 kg⋅m−2, female=84.8%, White=78.8%) with self-reported insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index=15.9±3.9). SR was assessed using the Ford Insomnia Reactivity to Stress Test (FIRST) questionnaire. The total score ranges from to 9-36; with higher scores associated with greater sleep difficulties when experiencing stress. Sleep was tracked using 7 nights of actigraphy and a sleep diary, variables included sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Cardiovascular outcomes included daytime resting heart rate variability (HRV), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body fat %, and 1 night of nocturnal HRV. MH assessments measured anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] questionnaire) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) symptoms. Linear regression models were adjusted for race, age, sex, and BMI.

RESULTS

Participants had a mean FIRST score of 24.2±5.8, indicating that 90.9% of participants had a high risk of developing insomnia disorder (FIRST ≥18). SR was not significantly associated with actigraphy- or diary-assessed SE, TST, or WASO (each p>0.174). SR was not significantly associated with daytime cardiovascular outcomes or nocturnal HRV (each p>0.116). Higher SR was significantly associated with greater anxiety (β=0.40, p=0.045) and depression (β=0.39, p=0.05) symptoms.

CONCLUSION

These cross-sectional data suggest that SR is associated with psychological symptoms, but not sleep or cardiovascular outcomes. Although SR demonstrated an impact on MH outcomes, future research should investigate its potential indirect relationship with physical health. Additionally, given the impact of physical activity on both mental and physical health, it is essential to explore early physical activity interventions to improve MH outcomes and reduce the risk of insomnia disorder.
EFFECTS OF NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON HEMODYNAMICS
Authors: Erb Emily K. , Glickman Ellen , Jajtner Adam , McDaniel John
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/Jm8BVwM0X54

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) at normobaric hypoxia (NH) on measures of hemodynamics.

METHODS

Ten active adults aged 23±1 years volunteered to complete a HIIT intervention at a randomized condition (sea level (SL); low NH (900m); moderate NH (2500m), high NH (4300m)) separated by 72 hours. After acclimating to the condition for 45 minutes (Rest), participants completed a HIIT intervention consisting of six bouts of high-intensity cycling separated by three minutes and 30 seconds of active recovery (AR). Hemodynamic variables included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and rate pressure product (RPP). They were assessed at Rest, during the final AR (AR6), and five minutes following the final bout of exercise (Post). A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effects of condition (SL, 900m, 2500m, 4300m) across the repeated factor of time (Rest, AR6, Post) in response to HIIT.

RESULTS

There was a significant (p≤0.05) main effect of time for HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, and RPP. At all conditions, HR (SL: Rest: 62±9bpm; AR6: 156±21bpm; Post: 104±15bpm; 900m: Rest: 61±10bpm; AR6: 161±10bpm; Post: 109±19bpm; 2500m: Rest: 64±11bpm; AR6: 167±14bpm; Post: 104±14bpm; 4300m: Rest: 67±14bpm; AR6: 171±11bpm; Post: 111±19bpm) increased following Rest, and AR6 was greater than Post. Additionally, at all conditions, SBP (SL: Rest: 116±7mmHg; AR6: 154±16mmHg; Post: 134±13mmHg; 900m: Rest: 119±8mmHg; AR6: 152±10mmHg; Post: 133±13mmHg; 2500m: Rest: 120±10mmHg; AR6: 153±12mmHg; Post: 136±14mmHg; 4300m: Rest: 116±10mmHg; 4300m AR6: 149±15mmHg; Post: 136±14mmHg) increased following Rest. More so, MAP at Rest was lower than AR6 and Post at SL (Rest: 66±5mmHg; AR6: 69±7mmHg; Post: 60±2mmHg) and 900m (Rest: 68±5mmHg; AR6: 70±8mmHg; Post: 68±7mmHg). At AR6, MAP was higher than Post at 900m. Similarly, PP (SL: Rest: 50±7mmHg; AR6: 85±15mmHg; Post: 64±15mmHg; 900m: Rest: 51±7mmHg; AR6: 82±10mmHg; Post: 63±11mmHg; 2500m: Rest: 48±6mmHg; AR6: 85±14mmHg; Post: 66±10mmHg; 4300m: Rest: 44±6mmHg; AR6: 77±14mmHg; Post: 63±11mmHg) was augmented following Rest at all conditions, and AR6 was higher than Post at SL, at 900m. Finally, RPP (SL: Rest: 71±13mmHg; AR6: 216±42mmHg; Post: 139±21mmHg; 900m: Rest: 73±15mmHg; AR6: 204±34mmHg; Post: 145±28mmHg; 2500m: Rest: 78±17mmHg; AR6: 202±30mmHg; Post: 141±22mmHg; 4300m: Rest: 79±21mmHg; AR6: 208±30mmHg; Post: 152±31mmHg) increased following Rest, and Post was lower than AR6, at all conditions. No other significant main effects, conditions, or interactions were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

While both NH and HIIT increase measures of hemodynamics, combining HIIT and NH does not further augment such variables. Thus, engaging in HIIT at NH does not increase cardiovascular stress or the risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event compared to HIIT at SL.
EFFECT OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION ON PATIENTS WITH DIAPHRAGMATIC EVENTRATION
Authors: Albatini Amal , Alshammari Fatma , Alshehab Dherar , Gorantla Gayathri
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/ynqp1JCBWIU

INTRODUCTION

Diaphragmatic eventration (DE) is the abnormal elevation of one part or the entire hemidiaphragm. This can be caused by lack of muscle or nerve function while maintaining its anatomical attachments. The symptomatic patients of DE usually suffer from shortness of breath while rest or during physical activity along with reduced functional capacity.

PURPOSE

This study aims to investigate whether patients suffering from DE can derive benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) focusing on inspiratory muscle training (IMT).

DESIGN

A case series involving quasi-experimental study to test effectiveness of PR and IMT program on participants who completed six weeks of program.

METHODS

Four participants with DE who underwent six weeks regimen of PR focusing on IMT were recruited. The outcome measures of this study are: level of dyspnea measured by modified medical research council (mMRC), pulmonary function test (PFT) to test lung capacity and volume by looking at forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) respectively, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to test the functional capacity of the participants. The analysis was conducted using dependent t test to evaluate pre-post outcome measures.

RESULTS

Four participants completed six weeks of PR with the focus on using IMT device. The dependent t-test for FEV1 and FVC revealed that there was a significant improvement after six weeks, t(3) = -3.154, p ˂ 0.05, t(3) = - 2. 529, p ˂ 0.05 respectively. The dyspnea scale (mMRC) showed significant improvement after six weeks t(3) = 5.196, p ˂ 0.05. The functional capacity measured by the distance covered in 6MWT was improved significantly after six weeks t(3) = -3.360, p ˂ 0.05.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that pulmonary rehabilitation focusing on IMT can improve patients with DE alleviating dyspnea, as well as improving functional capacity. There might be an improvement of the pulmonary function and functional capacity of the patient without the need of surgical intervention.
EFFECTS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION ON FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Albatini Amal , Alshammari Fatmah , Alsayegh Zahraa , Almutairi Noura , Alotaibi Shouq , Gorantla Gayathri
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/djFRSJoJaGE

INTRODUCTION

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive condition impacts not only cardiac function but also respiratory, vascular and skeletal systems. Patients often endure shortness of breath (SOB) at rest or during exertion, coupled with fatigue, resulting in a significant reduction in functional and exercise capacity. This impairment affects their ability to carry out daily activities and decrease their overall health related quality of life (QOL).

PURPOSE

This study aims to test the effectiveness of a hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity of heart failure patients.

DESIGN

Pre-post intervention experimental design METHODS: Thirteen HF patients underwent 18 weeks of hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation program (CR). The CR program consisted of aerobic, strengthening, and respiratory muscle training. Functional and exercise capacity were measured pre and post CR using New York Heart Association Classification (NYHA), distance covered in 6-minute walk test (6MWT), rate of perceived exertion using Borg scale, and metabolic equivalent (METs). The analysis was conducted using dependent t test to evaluate pre-post outcome measures.

RESULTS

Thirteen participants completed 18 weeks of hospital-based CR program. The dependent t-test for NYHA revealed that there was a significant improvement after 18 weeks, t(12) = 6.743, p ˂ 0.001.The functional capacity measured by the distance covered in 6MWT was improved significantly after 18 weeks t(12) = -6.391, p ˂ 0.001 along with METs t(12) = -5.903, p ˂ 0.001 and Borg scale t(12) = 12.282, p ˂ 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation can alleviate symptoms and improve functional capacity of heart failure patients. A longitudinal study is recommended to test whether these improvements will be maintained overtime.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO SINGLE- VS. MULTI-CHAMBERED BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION CUFFS
Authors: Fedorko Brent F. , Rolnick Nicholas D. , de Queiros Victor S. , Zupnik Sean R. , Watson Samantha S. , Ruffhead Campbell R. , Werner Tim J.
Published: February 2025

https://youtu.be/PhZCG3KN3e8

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the blood flow restriction bladder type (single- [SC-BFR] vs. multi-chambered [MC-BFR]) on cardiovascular responses with exercise sessions incorporating multiple sets to volitional failure in a randomized, crossover experimental design.

METHODS

Twenty-seven healthy, physically active participants (11 females; age: 22.6±5.7; BMI: 25.0±4.1 kg/m2; ~93% reported regular resistance training within 6 months) randomly performed wall squats to failure (4 x sets to failure, 20% 1RM, 60% limb occlusion pressure, 1 min rest between sets) in each of three conditions: SC-BFR (using the Delfi Personalized Tourniquet Device), MC-BFR (using the BStrong Cuffs), and N-BFR (no BFR control). Hemodynamic assessments and indices of arterial stiffness were monitored immediately before and after each exercise session.

RESULTS

SC-BFR blunted post-exercise increases in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.328) whereas the other conditions showed elevations (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The bladder design of a BFR cuff impacts the acute responses to exercise, as SC-BFR mitigates post-exercise arterial stiffness responses compared to MC-BFR and N-BFR. This was the first intervention to examine the acute effects of BFR bladder design on arterial stiffness during lower body exercise. SC-BFR appears to be a safe option for lower limb occlusion training.
How do Intellectually Curious and Interested People Learn and Attain Knowledge? A Focus on Behavioral Traces of Information Seeking
Authors: Schumacher Aki , Kammerer Yvonne , Scharinger Christian , Gottschling Steffen , Hübner Nicolas , Tibus Maike , Kasneci Enkelejda , Appel Tobias , Gerjets Peter , Bardach Lisa
Published: February 2025

Intellectual curiosity and personal interest are both believed to spark information seeking and facilitate learning. In two preregistered studies (Study 1: exploratory lab study, N = 312; Study 2: online conceptual replication study, N = 960), we investigated effects of curiosity and interest on participants’ information seeking as they studied a hypertext on a historical topic. We captured their behavioral traces with log files. We also examined effects of curiosity, interest, and information-seeking behaviors on knowledge attainment. In both studies, latent profile analyses based on behavioral trace data revealed more adaptive information-seeking profiles (e.g., broad and deep-diving information searches, Study 1, or only broad information search, Study 2) and less adaptive (e.g., disengaged) information-seeking profiles. More adaptive profiles were consistently related to better knowledge test performance. Curiosity and interest positively predicted more adaptive information seeking (Study 1) and knowledge test performance (Study 2); however, these effects were inconsistent across study contexts. Furthermore, curiosity and interest did not interact in predicting information seeking and knowledge attainment (Studies 1 and 2). Overall, our work extends the understanding of how intellectually curious and interested individuals learn and attain knowledge and underscores the promise of using behavioral trace data to study interindividual differences.
Enhancing TRUST in Pain Evidence: The ENTRUST-PE framework. A summary for Peer Reviewers.
Authors: O'Connell Neil , Belton Joletta , Crombez Geert , Eccleston Christopher , Fisher Emma , Ferraro Michael C , Hood Anna , Keefe Frank , Knaggs Roger , Norris Emma , Palermo Tonya M. , Pickering Gisele , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Rice Andrew SC , Richards Georgia Catherine , Segelcke Daniel , Smart Keith Matthew , Soliman Nadia , Stewart Gavin , Tölle Thomas , Turk Dennis , Vollert Jan , Wainwright Elaine , Wilkinson Jack , Williams Amanda C de C
Published: February 2025

The ENTRUST-PE project convened an international, interdisciplinary network to develop an integrated framework for enhancing and facilitating the trustworthiness of pain research. This summary outlines the key features of that framework and presents recommendations for Peer Reviewers of research.
Comparative judgement as a research tool: a meta-analysis of application and reliability
Authors: Kinnear George , Jones Ian , Davies Ben
Published: February 2025

Comparative judgement (CJ) provides methods for constructing measurement scales, by asking assessors to make a series of pairwise comparisons of the artefacts or representations to be scored. Researchers using CJ need to decide how many assessors to recruit and how many comparisons to collect. They also need to gauge the reliability of the resulting measurement scale, with two different estimates in widespread use: Scale Separation Reliability (SSR) and Split-Halves Reliability (SHR). Previous research has offered guidance on these issues, but with either limited empirical support or focused only on education research. In this paper, we offer guidance based on our analysis of 101 CJ datasets that we collated from previous research across a range of disciplines. We present two novel findings, with substantive implications for future CJ research. First, we find that collecting 10 comparisons for every representation is generally sufficient; a more lenient guideline than previously published. Second, we conclude that SSR can serve as a reliable proxy for inter-rater reliability, but recommend that researchers use a higher threshold of .8, rather than the current standard of .7.
Global, regional, and national consumption of controlled opioids: a cross-sectional study of 214 countries, states, and territories
Authors: Richards Georgia Catherine , Aronson Jeffrey K , Mahtani Kamal R , heneghan Carl
Published: February 2025

The consumption of opioids has increased globally since the 1990s. Previous studies of global opioid consumption have concentrated on morphine alone or a subset of opioids, with a focus on cancer pain and palliative care. In this observational study, we have determined the global, regional, and national consumption of all controlled opioids including anaesthetics, analgesics, antidiarrheals, opioid substitution therapies, and cough suppressants.
Reducing bias and improving transparency in biomedical and health research: A critical overview of the problems, progress so far and suggested next steps
Authors: Bradley Stephen , DeVito Nicholas J , Lloyd Kelly , Richards Georgia Catherine , Rombey Tanja , Wayant Christian Cole , Gill Peter J
Published: February 2025

In recent years there has been increasing awareness about problems which have undermined trust in science generally. This review outlines some of the most important issues facing medical research including research culture, lack of transparency, reporting biases and the failure to produce reproducible results. It examines measures which have been instituted to address these problems to date. The paper concludes by proposing three achievable actions which could be readily implemented in medical research to deliver significantly improved transparency and mitigation of bias.
Assessing the Impact of Coercion: Judgements of Trust, Actionability, and Believability of Confessions
Authors: O'Mara Shane
Published: February 2025

Empirical evidence suggests that torturous and coercive interrogation rarely produces valid information compared with more effective and ethically sound rapport-based methods. Here, we investigated participants' judgements of Trust, Actionability, Confidence and Believability regarding a confession elicited under varying conditions of coercion. Participants (N= 55; 18 males; age range 18-65) were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 were informed that the confession was freely given; Group 2 were informed that the confession was ‘mildly coerced’; and Group 3 were informed that the confession was given under ‘intense coercion’. Our hypothesis was that participants ratings of the confessions would not differ significantly across these conditions – that participants were equally likely to accept confessions under all circumstances. We found that participants judged a confession similarly, despite the method of elicitation.
The Home Literacy Environment and Reading Development of Children with and without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Johnson Rachelle Margaret , Hart Sara Ann , Wagner Richard K
Published: February 2025

Home literacy environment (HLE) refers to children’s exposure to and engagement in reading related activities in the home. Although HLE is known to be related to successful early reading achievement in general, less is known about this relation for students with learning disabilities (LDs). We investigated the relation between HLE and reading achievement using a sample of 2,090 children from the ECLS-K:2011 dataset, half of whom were identified as students with LDs and half serving as controls. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine growth in reading from kindergarten (age 5) through fifth grade (age 10). For both groups, growth was characterized by mastery learning with a negative correlation between intercept (i.e., performance at the first time point) and slope (rate of growth). Compared to controls, LD children had a lower mean intercept but a higher mean slope. HLE was positively related to intercept for both groups. However, the positive relation between HLE and reading did not extend to later grades, with a small but significant negative relation between HLE and slope for both groups. The pattern of results remained the same after controlling for socioeconomic status. It appears HLE is equally important to the reading achievement of both groups.
Comparing the Home Literacy Environments of Children with and without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Johnson Rachelle Margaret , Wagner Richard K , Hart Sara Ann
Published: February 2025

The goal of this study was to compare the home literacy environment (HLE) of children with and without learning disabilities (LDs). Participants were 1,090 children with LDs and 1,000 children without LDs from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 (ECLS-K:2011), a nationally representative sample of U.S. children entering kindergarten in fall of 2010. Parents were asked five questions about the informal home literacy environment (HLE) their children experienced the summer before kindergarten. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded three main results. First, the five questions loaded on a single informal HLE factor. Second, the factor structure of informal HLE was identical for the LD and non-LD samples. Third, the mean of the informal HLE factor for children with LDs was .208 (p < .001) standard deviations lower than that for children without LDs. It appears that when entering kindergarten, prior to formal reading instruction or LD identification, LD students already have less exposure to literacy and text than their peers without LDs.
Explicit and implicit measures of metacognition in cued recall have a stable development between five to 11 years
Authors: Hayre Rumandeep Kaur , Ingham Madeleine , Smith Shona , Findel Brooke , Sargent Chloe , Colloff Melissa Fay
Published: February 2025

Metacognition allows us to monitor and control our behaviour to help us to evaluate our memory performance. Adults are adept at monitoring their memory accuracy explicitly and implicitly, as well as using control processes but the development of monitoring and control is less understood. In this study we administered an episodic cued recall task with children from three age-groups: five- to six-year-olds (N = 35), seven- to eight-year-olds (N = 33) and nine- to 11-year-olds (N = 38). Participants watched two video clips of mundane episodic events (e.g. person making breakfast) before answering cued recall memory questions. On each trial, participants provided a confidence rating (explicit monitoring), sorted their answer into show/hide boxes (control) and chose to volunteer/withhold their response (control). Behavioural gestures (implicit monitoring) were recorded and later coded by blind raters. The findings showed that children have developed explicit and implicit monitoring (i.e. long pauses, non-word fillers, vowel length, high tone, head nods & looking to carer) and control to inform about their memory accuracy. In contrast to previous research, we found no age differences in explicit and implicit monitoring and control between five to 11 years. Moreover, uncertainty gestures partially mediated the confidence-accuracy relationship, which suggests that gestures are one of many cues which can help children to explicitly monitor their memory accuracy. We conclude that explicit and implicit forms of metacognition have a stable development from early- to mid-childhood and young children are not solely reliant on implicit monitoring as previously thought.
Shaping Environmental Attitudes Through Social Justice: Evidence from the 2021 European Floods and Implications for Youth
Authors: Bulut Hamid , Samuel Robin
Published: February 2025

In the face of climate change, the principles of distributive social justice have become paramount in addressing the implications of resource allocation and the unequal impacts of environmental degradation. Our study explores the relationship between distributive social justice and environmental attitudes among young people in the context of climate change. Using a natural experimental design, we examine how the 2021 European Floods influenced social justice and environmental attitudes. Our results indicate significant shifts in attitudes, particularly regarding social justice, following the flooding. We found a strong and robust relationship between social justice and environmental attitudes. A causal mediation analysis revealed that floods affected environmental attitudes indirectly through social justice attitudes beyond direct effects. Our results emphasise the importance of integrating the principles of justice in addressing climate change and suggest that young people’s perspectives on social justice play a crucial role in shaping environmental policies and responses to climate crises.
नेपाली कवितामा जनजातीय बिम्बको प्रयोजन
Authors: सुवेदी धनप्रसाद
Published: February 2025

यस अनुसन्धानमा समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा जनजातीय बिम्बको प्रयोजनको खोजी गरिएको छ।नेपाली कवितामा जनजातीय बिम्बहरूको धेरथोर प्रयोग हुँदै आएको भए पनि पछिल्लो समयमा यसको सचेत प्रयोग हुन थालेको छ।पछिल्लो समयमा जातीय, भाषिक, सांस्कृतिक जागरण बढेको छ र नेपाली साहित्यको मूल विषय नै पहिचान बन्दै गएको छ।जनजातीय बिम्बको प्रयोग विशेषगरी राई, लिम्बु, तामाङ, नेवार, चेपाङ, शेर्पा, थारु, मगर, गुरुङ आदि जनजातिका इतिहास, संस्कृतिसँग सम्बन्धित छन्।जनजातीय बिम्बको माध्यमबाट नेपाली समाजको विविधताको प्रतिबिम्बन गरिएको।जनजातिमाथिका उत्पीडन, विभेदको चित्रण गर्दै त्यस्तो विभेदको अन्त्यको आवश्यकता औंल्याइएको पाइन्छ।त्यसरी नै नेपाली इतिहासको पुनर्लेखनको आवश्यकता औंल्याउने अनि आफ्नो जातीय इतिहास र सभ्यताप्रति गर्व गर्दै त्यसको पुनर्जागरणका लागि आह्वान गर्ने प्रयोजन देखिन्छ। नेपाली कविता परम्परामा वेद, महाभारत, रामायण, पुराण आदिका बिम्ब, प्रतीक र मिथकहरूको वर्चस्व भएको प्रति असन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गर्दै अबका कवितामा जनजातिसँग सम्बन्धित बिम्ब, प्रतीक र मिथकको प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने आग्रहवश पनि जनजातीय बिम्बहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ। यसका साथै जनजातिहरूका लागि अलग्गै सौन्दर्यशास्त्रको प्रस्तावका रूपमा पनि जनजातीय बिम्बको प्रयोग गरिएको देखिन्छ।जनजातीय बिम्बको प्रयोगबाट समकालीन नेपाली कविताका साथै समग्र नेपाली साहित्यको धरातल फराकिलो बनेको छ।
‘सहिदको सालिक’ कथाको विषय
Authors: अधिकारी तेजविलास
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा घनश्याम ढकालद्वारा लेखिएको ‘सहिदको सालिक’ (२०६६) कथासङ्ग्रहभित्र सङ्कलित सहिदको सालिक कथाको विषयस्रोतको खोजी गरिएको छ।मार्क्सवादका दृष्टिमा कथाको मूलस्रोत भनेकै मानव श्रम हो।मानव जातिको उत्थान र विकास श्रम प्रक्रियाबाट भएको हुँदा समाजमा रहेका विषयवस्तु नै कुनै न कुनै रूपले लेखकले टिप्ने गर्दछ।श्रमप्रतिको आकर्षण र समर्पणभावबाट नै सिङ्गो मानवजाति अग्रगामी दिशातर्फ अगाडि बढेको छ।मान्छेको कल्पना शक्तिकै परिणाम स्वरूप पौराणिक कथा, किवदन्ती, आख्यान जस्ता मौलिक साहित्यको सिर्जना भएका छन्।यसैगरी कलासाहित्यको सम्बन्धले आर्थिक सामाजिक क्रियाकलापका साथै समाजमा निरन्तर जारी रहने सङ्घर्षको क्रममा हुने गर्दछ।यसै मान्यतामा रहेर घनश्याम ढकालद्वारा लिखित ‘सहिदको सालिक’ कथाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ।‘सहिदको सालिक’ कथामा एकातिर जनताको बलमा मन्त्री भएकाहरू जनताको समस्यासँग भागिरहेका छन् भने अर्कोतर्फ समाजमा चेतनाका पुञ्ज बनेका सहिद व्यवस्था परिवर्तन भएपनि व्यवस्थामा परिवर्तन नआएका कारण अपमानित छन्। आस्थाका धरोहर बनेका सहिदप्रति अपमान हुनु भनेको निम्न वर्गको समस्याको समाधान गर्न भनी गएका नेतृत्ववर्ग दायित्वबाट पन्छिनु हो भन्ने अभिव्यक्त विचार यस लेखमा प्रस्तुत छ।यसबाट सत्ताले सर्वसत्ता लाद्ने परिपाटीको अन्त नभएसम्म आस्थाका यात्रीहरू थकाइ मार्न नहुने विषयको गम्भीर बोध भएको छ।यस लेखले विशेषतः समाजभित्रको सोच र सत्ताको सोच बिचको अन्तर देखाउन खोजेको छ।सहिदको सालिक कथा २०६२/०६३ सालको परिवर्तनपश्चात् लेखिएको र गणतन्त्रको प्राप्तिकालमा समेत यस खालको व्यवहार हुनुले हाम्रो चेतना स्तर कस्तो छ ? भन्ने निष्कर्ष लेखले प्रस्तुत गरेको छ।
Deep Learning-Based Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Identification
Authors: Pandey Ayush , Pandey Ayushma , Maharjan Kenish , Shrestha Kiran , Upadhyaya Pranita
Published: February 2025

The eye condition known as diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. Blindness may result if it is not identified in a timely manner. Early detection and treatment of DR can greatly lower the risk of visual loss. Experts with a great deal of training often use colored fundus photos to diagnose this terrible disease. Compared to computer-aided methods, manual diagnosis of DR retina fundus images by ophthalmologists takes longer because of the rising number of diabetic patients worldwide. Consequently, automatic DR detection is becoming essential. With an emphasis on medical research, deep neural network applications in healthcare have advanced significantly. The goal of this effort is to identify the five stages of DR: Normal, Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Proliferate_DR. Deep learning is one of the most popular methods for improving performance, particularly in the categorization and interpretation of medical images. Six deep-learning models—Custom CNN, Resnet50, Densenet121, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB2, and ViT—for the acceleration of diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection were evaluated using an extensive fundus image dataset that we got from Kaggle. With enhanced accuracy of 89%, precision of 89%, recall of 89%, and F1-score of 89% in a five-stage DR classification, the results show the superior performance of a DenseNet121 model.
Implementation Of The Indonesian Attorney General’s Regulation Number 15 Of 2020 On The Termination Of Prosecution Of Criminal Acts Of Domestic Violence (Study at the Pasuruan District Attorney’s Office)
Authors: Arif Mokhamad Syamsul , Subarkah Ibnu
Published: February 2025

The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia, in its authority as a representative of the state, mustcreate a sense of justice in society when resolving a case, apart from using repressive methods, the publicprosecutor also uses preventive methods. Based on the positive impact of efforts to resolve cases in a prophylacticmanner, the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor's Office issued Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor'sOffice Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. Although themethod of resolving cases using Restorative Justice has several obstacles. The Pasuruan Regency DistrictProsecutor's Office as part of the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor's Office implemented the Republic of IndonesiaProsecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 in the case of the crime of Domestic Violence committed by thesuspect HENDRA PRASASI Bin M. ALI YUNUS. Thisresearch discusses three main issues, namely: First, whatare the impacts arising from the implementation of the termination of prosecution based on the Republic ofIndonesia Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 carried out by the Public Prosecutor in Domestic ViolenceCases at the District Prosecutor's Office. Pasuruan? Second, what obstacles are experienced by the publicprosecutor in implementing the termination of prosecution based on the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor'sRegulation Number 15 of 2020 in domestic violence crime cases at the District Prosecutor's Office? Pasuruan?Third, how can the public prosecutor terminate the prosecution in a domestic violence crime case committed bythe suspect HENDRA PRASASI Bin M. ALI YUNUS which occurred at the District Prosecutor's Office? PasuruanBased on Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020? The method used in this research isempirical juridical with a statutory, case, and conceptual approach. The analytical method used is descriptivequalitative.
Analysis of the Central Jakarta District Court Decision Regarding Permits for Registration of Interfaith Marriages (Study of Decision Number 155/Pdt.P/2023/PN.Jkt.Pst)
Authors: Klau Maria Apriani Hoar , Ma’sumah Mufidatul
Published: February 2025

Marriage is a legal bond between a man and a woman to form a happy and complementary household, as stated in the Law. According to Law Number 16 of 2019, marriage must comply with the religious laws of both parties involved. Despite various religions, interfaith marriages are common. In a case at the Central Jakarta District Court, an interfaith marriage between Joshua Evan Anthony (Christian) and Stefany Wulandari (Islam) was approved. The judge's decision was based on laws related to population administration and human rights, allowing the couple to register their marriage. The study concludes that there is a legal gap regarding interfaith marriages in the current Marriage Law, urging lawmakers to address this issue. It is recommended that judges handling similar cases have a solid legal basis for their decisions. Revising Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage to address interfaith marriages is essential in promoting legal clarity on this matter.
A Comparative Study of Variations in Old and Modern Sinhala Travel Narratives (With Selected Travel Narratives)
Authors: Jayasena Y. I. S.
Published: February 2025

Among the types of narratives, travel narratives are unique reports.
Travel writing, which is also known by synonyms such as travel stories,
travel notes, travel reports, etc., is also known as Travel Writing. Travelers
around the world have written many travelogues with the aim of sharing
their experiences. “Are there differences between old Sinhala travel
narratives and modern Sinhala travel narratives?” This is the research
problem of this research. The primary objective of the research was to
identify the differences between old Sinhala travel narratives and modern
Sinhala travel narratives. A secondary objective was to identify ancient
and modern Sinhala travel narratives. There, the data collected through
qualitative research methodology was analyzed using the descriptive
method. A special feature that can be seen in local travel narratives is the
information of described in those reports; To see narrowly and
optimistically. Also, many of the early Sinhala travelogues were written
about Indian aid. In this research, it was possible to identify the variations
that were not seen in the old and modern Sinhala travel narratives, both
in terms of language and content. Especially in the use of language,
differences could be identified along the lines of syntax, spelling, wording
and decorative use. Although there are variations in the old and modern
Sinhala travel narratives, it can be concluded that there are some
similarities. As well as social evolution towards variation among travel
narratives language evolution has also been a strong reason.
Effect Of Total Quality Management And Export Market Orientation On Export Performance Of The Furniture Industry In Jepara
Authors: Prasetya Juliasari , Kristianto Fesa Putra , Ma'rifah Julia Dewi
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the moderating role of business network (BN) in the relationship between export market orientation (EMO), total quality management (TQM) and company export performance (CEP) in the furniture industry. Furniture industry selected as the focus of this research was located in Jepara. The research method used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique involving 28 furniture industry company as samples. The result showed a significant relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. Furthermore, it was found that BN plays an important moderating role in directing the relationship between EMO, TQM and CEP. These findings reveal that BN is not only a direct influencing variable, but also a key factor in enhancing the effectiveness of EMO and TQM, which in turn positively impacts CEP. This study made a valuable contribution to the literature and corporate practice by providing a better understanding of how EMO, TQM and BN processes can lead to more optimal export performance through EMO. The implications of this study can help firms in the Jepara furniture industry to improve their strategies, optimize business networks and achieve better export performance.
The Influence of Threats and Protective Co-creation Behavior on Active Online Banking Customer Loyalty with Social Support Moderation
Authors: Himalia Ika , Sutarso Yudi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of threat assessment and protection co-creation behavior on the loyalty of active online banking customers, with social support acting as a moderating variable. The research utilized a survey method, collecting data from 96 active customers of Indonesia's four largest banks—BCA, BRI, BNI, and Mandiri—located in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Gresik, Lamongan, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, and DKI Jakarta. Hypothesis testing was conducted using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that threat assessment positively influences protection co-creation behavior, and protection co-creation behavior positively influences loyalty. Contrary to expectations, perceived threats also have a direct positive effect on loyalty. Additionally, social support significantly moderates the relationship between threats and protection co-creation behavior. This study offers valuable insights for banking management to enhance customer loyalty by improving risk management, fostering protection co-creation behavior, and strengthening social support mechanisms.
Investigation on the characterization and modelling of Fracture Process Zone behavior in Concrete Beams subjected to Three-Point Loading Tests
Authors: Vishwanatha H. S. , Muralidhara S. , Raghu Prasad B. K.
Published: February 2025

The fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete is characterized by the presence of a fracture process zone (FPZ) that precedes the main crack. Within this zone, various mechanisms, including the formation of microcracks, crack deflection, aggregate interlocking, and crack branching, contribute to the complex nature of the fracture behavior. Traditional experimental methods and other techniques often face challenges in fully capturing the micromechanical mechanisms occurring in the fracture process. To address this challenge, numerical models have been developed in the present study to investigate the evolution mechanisms of the FPZ. These models serve as valuable tools for simulating and analyzing the intricate behavior occurring at the microstructural level during the fracture process. By complementing experimental observations, these numerical approaches provide deeper insights into the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials and enhance the understanding of material failure. The outcome of present investigation clearly provides the evaluation method of FPZ in concrete beams of different sizes.