bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P300 and Heart Rate Variability Recorded Simultaneously in Meditation
Authors: Telles Shirley , Singh Deepeshwar , Naveen K. V. , Pailoor Subramanya , Singh Nilkamal , Pathak Shivangi
Published: July 2018

Sympathetic activation is required for attention. Separate studies have shown that meditation ( a) improves attention and ( b) reduces sympathetic activity. The present study assessed attention with the P300 and sympathetic activity with heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-seven male subjects (group mean age ± SD, 21.6 ± 3.4 years) were assessed in 4 mental states: ( a) random thinking, ( b) nonmeditative focusing, ( c) meditative focusing, and ( d) defocused meditation. These were recorded on 4 consecutive days. HRV, respiration, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded before and after the sessions. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis. HRV showed a significant increase in low-frequency (LF) power, decrease in high-frequency (HF) power and an increase in average heart rate based on the average R-R interval after meditative focusing, compared with before. In contrast, the average heart rate decreased after defocused meditation compared with before. There was a significant increase in the P300 peak amplitude after meditative focusing and defocused meditation, with a reduction in peak latency after defocused meditation. These results suggest that after meditation with focusing, there was sympathetic arousal whereas after defocused meditation, there was a decrease in the average heart rate while participants carried out the P300 auditory oddball task sooner.
Advanced technology for gait rehabilitation: An overview
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Ciobanu Ileana , Badea Doina Ioana , Iliescu Alina , Pizzamiglio Sara , Schauer Thomas , Seel Thomas , Seiciu Petre Lucian , Turner Duncan L , Berteanu Mihai
Published: July 2018

Most gait training systems are designed for acute and subacute neurological inpatients. Many systems are used for relearning gait movements (nonfunctional training) or gait cycle training (functional gait training). Each system presents its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of functional outcomes. However, training gait cycle movements is not sufficient for the rehabilitation of ambulation. There is a need for new solutions to overcome the limitations of existing systems in order to ensure individually tailored training conditions for each of the potential users, no matter the complexity of his or her condition. There is also a need for a new, integrative approach in gait rehabilitation, one that encompasses and addresses all aspects of physical as well as psychological aspects of ambulation in real-life multitasking situations. In this respect, a multidisciplinary multinational team performed an overview of the current technology for gait rehabilitation and reviewed the principles of ambulation training.
Combined simulation of heavy truck stability under sudden and discontinuous direction change of crosswind with computational fluid dynamics and multi-body system vehicle dynamics software
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Jie , Guo Wencui
Published: July 2018

The method of yaw model is used to establish aerodynamic property of heavy truck in computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel test. A model of multi-body system simulation for heavy truck is built based on design and measure data from body, driving system, steering system, braking system, and powertrain system with TruckSim. Aerodynamic reference point of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and aerodynamic coefficients are as the interface to integrate computational fluid dynamics and multi-body system simulation. A sudden and discontinuous direction change of crosswind is set up in multi-body system simulation, and dynamic performance of the heavy truck is performed by open-loop and closed-loop simulation. Under the given simulation case, lateral offset of the truck for open-loop simulation is 1.55 m and more than that for closed-loop simulation; the roll rate range of both simulations is −1.49°/s to 1.695°/s, the range of lateral acceleration is −0.497 m/s2 to 0.447 m/s2 in open-loop simulation, the range of lateral acceleration is −0.467 m/s2 to 0.434 m/s2 in closed-loop simulation; the range of yaw rate is −1.36°/s to 1.284°/s in open-loop simulation, the range of yaw rate is −0.703°/s to 0.815°/s in closed-loop simulation. The results show that combined simulation of the heavy truck stability can be completed by computational fluid dynamics and multi-body system software under sudden and discontinuous direction change of crosswind.
International Student Experiences in Non-Native-English-Speaking Countries: Postgraduate Motivations and Realities from Finland
Authors: Calikoglu Alper
Published: July 2018

Globally, international student recruitment has become one of the prominent topics of higher education. In addition to the leading native-speaking English world, several non-native-English-speaking countries have reshaped their higher education system to attract more international students. Finland is one of the non-native-English-speaking countries having instituted a change in international student recruitment policy. This study seeks to improve the understanding of the experiences of international students in non-native-English-speaking countries by focusing on postgraduate-level students at a selected university in Finland. Following a phenomenological viewpoint, 11 students were interviewed on their motivations and expectations for studying abroad, and what challenges they have encountered. The findings indicate that education quality and free higher education are important motivations for choosing to study abroad in Finland. Moreover, international students encounter academic, social, financial and psychological challenges and have concerns about their future career in a non-native-English-speaking country.
Informal and nonformal learning for sport coaches: A systematic review
Authors: Walker Lauren F , Thomas Rebecca , Driska Andrew P
Published: July 2018

Millions of athletes compete in sport for the enjoyment, physical, and psychosocial benefits that result from participation, and one of the most influential persons in creating a positive sport experience is the coach. As such, numerous sport governing bodies have instituted formal coach education programs, worldwide, over the past three decades. However, coaches most frequently learn, and often prefer to learn, from informal sources, as they tend to be contextually relevant and easily accessible. Given the pervasive nature of informal learning, the purposes of this systematic review were to: (a) examine the literature for themes and trends in sport context, methods, and means of informal and nonformal learning, and (b) illuminate gaps in the literature to inform the research field and coach educators. A total of 39 studies were examined for trends in publication, sport context, methods of inquiry, and themes in the sources and types of informal learning. The results show that: (1) research is spread widely across publications but not countries, (2) elite sport contexts are most frequently studied, (3) qualitative, cross-sectional methods are most frequently used, and (4) coaches learn informally through a variety of means; however, they are open to both interpersonal (coach-to-coach) or independent (knowledge search) means of learning. Future research should expand to include non-elite contexts, should employ greater methodological diversity, and should continue to explore the variety of preferred learning options.
The next great hope: The humanitarian approach to nuclear weapons
Authors: Ruzicka Jan
Published: July 2018

This article examines the humanitarian approach to nuclear weapons, which has reinvigorated the efforts to achieve their prohibition. It explores the fundamental arguments made by the ‘Humanitarian Initiative’ and their grounding in a relationship between international law and international politics. The analysis draws on the emphasis that classical realists put on the political nature of international problems, primarily shaped by considerations of power. Such approach is useful because the humanitarian approach attempts to address the political problem of nuclear weapons by recourse to claims about morality and through the means of international law, most notably the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, deliberately choosing to circumvent politics and its concern with power. The classical realist perspective suggests that to overlook the power political dimension and to consider the problem of nuclear weapons chiefly as a moral and legal issue is likely to lead to yet another failure in efforts to achieve nuclear disarmament.
Immunizations in Athletes
Authors: Boston Christopher D. , Bryan Jennifer J.
Published: July 2018

Context:

Immunizations are a cornerstone of preventive care and an important consideration for team physicians caring for athletes.

Evidence Acquisition:

A PubMed search was performed from August 2016 through May 2017 as well as a website review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and Immunization Action Coalition.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

By keeping abreast of diseases endemic to nations to which athletes may be traveling as well as the vaccination status of the athletes, team physicians can provide appropriate advice regarding immunization and prevention of disease.

Conclusion:

There are a host of regularly updated reliable websites to assist the team physician in these recommendations.
Should heart failure patients be left to fate? Temporary implementation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for haemodynamic support during excision of rectal carcinoma in an end-stage biventricular heart failure patient
Authors: Hergesell Vera , Mathew Erwin , Kornprat Peter , Knez Igor , Mischinger Hans-Joerg , Dapunt Otto , Spiliopoulos Sotirios
Published: July 2018

Management of end-stage heart failure patients requiring major general surgery is not well defined. Due to poor cardiorespiratory reserve, perioperative morbidity and mortality are excessively high. We report a case of temporary implementation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for haemodynamic support during excision of rectal carcinoma in an end-stage heart failure patient and describe perioperative management.
Conservative treatment with ureter stent in a delayed ureter injury due to thermal necrosis
Authors: Chatchotikawong Usanee , Wasinghon Phornsawan , Huang Kuan-Gen , Yantapant Aranya
Published: July 2018

The presenting symptom to a gynecologist for postoperative vaginal discharge, which may or may not be related to the gynecologic diagnosis. The postoperative delayed ureter injury is an unusual association with deep endometriosis surgery. Thermal necrosis can delay the ureter injury. The principle of diagnostic bias and educate gynecologists on the topic of delayed ureter injury state that delayed ureter injury due to thermal necrosis. A 45-year-old woman with menorrhagia and mild dysmenorrhea. The diagnosis was adenomyosis, a right endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) affecting the Pouch of Douglas. The management was ureter stent insertion lead to postoperative delayed ureter injury. The occurrence could be guidance to surgeons about the duration of postoperative detection for delayed ureter injury. Gynecologists should consider the presenting symptom of vaginal discharge is formulating their differential diagnosis.
Cultivating ‘Beverage-hood’: The Shaping of Tastes and Identities in Textured Spaces of a South Kolkata Locality
Authors: Chaudhuri Runa Das
Published: July 2018

This article seeks to explore the cultural dynamics of differentially textured spaces of modern cafés and roadside tea-stalls in a microcosm of Kolkata’s teeming urban landscape. Beverage consumers shuttling between sites as different as cafés steeped in consumerist appeal and roadside tea-stalls imbued with plebeian charm aggravate class tensions around the shaping of tastes. Ethnographically accounting for the montage of performances in beverage destinations, supplemented by in-depth interviews of café and tea-stall customers, findings indicate that class reproductions entailed in acquiring ‘class-as-achieved’ involve obsessions with hierarchy and distinction while those entailed in retaining ‘class-as-inherited’ reveal concerns of combating the crisis of downclassing. The struggles among different fractions of the middle classes to rationalise the validity of tastes in a hierarchised field of beverage-hoods are many. However, the agentic manipulations of consumers in subscribing and unsubscribing to different beverage practices determined largely by the rhetoric of speculative esteem suggest that the drink template is complex and varied. The article concludes by noting that since neither atomisation nor massification of tastes has been achieved, it is the relationality of hierarchised beverage-hoods, which shapes the textured spaces of this urban locality.
Subalternity, Development Initiatives and Empowerment of Dalit Women in Bihar
Authors: Choudhary Renu
Published: July 2018

Women from Dalit community face multiple subalternity—that is, they are subaltern with various levels of subalternity (as Dalits, as poor and as women). Dalit women face systematic oppression, social exclusion, direct and structural violence within their own community as well as from ‘upper’ castes. Women from Dalit community in Bihar suffer the same trauma. However, Bihar government has taken many steps to empower Dalit women in the state. Several schemes have been floated which are primarily centred on monetary benefits to this section of population. More interestingly, reservation of Dalits in panchayat three-tier systems in the state has made a significant dent in the power relations in which one finds convenient route to empower Dalit women. This background article tries to delve into how far marginalized women of Bihar have been able to gain empowerment as a result of the various development initiatives taken by the Bihar government.
Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Miles Kaitlin E. , Kerr Jessica L.
Published: July 2018

Objective: To detail studies investigating the efficacy/safety of semaglutide as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: A literature search in MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov (January 2013 to May 2018) using the terms semaglutide, SUSTAIN, oral, and PIONEER resulted in 10 published articles and 14 ongoing/unpublished articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English language phase 2 and 3 clinical trials evaluating efficacy/safety of semaglutide were included. Data Synthesis: In 9 phase 3, multicenter SUSTAIN trials, the efficacy and safety of semaglutide have been compared with placebo and other pharmacologic therapy for diabetes (PTD). In these trials, semaglutide resulted in lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; approximately −1.5%) and weight reductions (approximately −4.5 kg) as comparable with dulaglutide for HbA1c lowering (approximately −1.5%). Semaglutide also has cardiovascular (CV) outcomes data that show significant reduction in risk of death from CV causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval = 0.58-0.95). A safety finding that emerged from the CV outcomes trial was an association of semaglutide treatment with an increased risk of retinopathy complications in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy. Phase 3 trial data assessing semaglutide oral formulation have shown similar HbA1c (approximately −1.5% for 14 mg dose) and body weight (approximately −4.1 kg for 14 mg dose) reductions as compared with placebo. Across these studies, semaglutide was generally well tolerated with the most common adverse event reported as gastrointestinal side effects as seen in all GLP-1 RAs. Conclusions: These results suggest that semaglutide may have a place in therapy as a GLP-1 RA add-on therapy with higher weight loss as compared with other GLP-1 RAs and PTD and CV benefit.
Association between a national primary care pay-for-performance scheme and suicide rates in England: spatial cohort study
Authors: Grigoroglou Christos , Munford Luke , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Nav , Doran Tim , Ashcroft Darren M. , Kontopantelis Evangelos
Published: July 2018

Background

Pay-for-performance policies aim to improve population health by incentivising improvements in quality of care.

Aims

To assess the relationship between general practice performance on severe mental illness (SMI) and depression indicators under a national incentivisation scheme and suicide risk in England for the period 2006–2014.

Method

Longitudinal spatial analysis for 32 844 small-area geographical units (lower super output areas, LSOAs), using population-structure adjusted numbers of suicide as the outcome variable. Negative binomial models were fitted to investigate the relationship between spatially estimated recorded quality of care and suicide risk at the LSOA level. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were adjusted for deprivation, social fragmentation, prevalence of depression and SMI as well as other 2011 Census variables.

Results

No association was found between practice performance on the mental health indicators and suicide incidence in practice localities (IRR=1.000, 95% CI 0.998–1.002). IRRs indicated elevated suicide risks linked with area-level social fragmentation (1.030; 95% CI 1.027–1.034), deprivation (1.013, 95% CI 1.012–1.014) and rurality (1.059, 95% CI 1.027–1.092).

Conclusions

Primary care has an important role to play in suicide prevention, but we did not observe a link between practices' higher reported quality of care on incentivised mental health activities and lower suicide rates in the local population. It is likely that effective suicide prevention needs a more concerted, multiagency approach. Better training in suicide prevention for general practitioners is also essential. These findings pertain to the UK but have relevance to other countries considering similar programmes.

Declaration of interest

None.
CNS Efficacy of Osimertinib in Patients With T790M-Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Data From a Randomized Phase III Trial (AURA3)
Authors: Wu Yi-Long , Ahn Myung-Ju , Garassino Marina Chiara , Han Ji-Youn , Katakami Nobuyuki , Kim Hye Ryun , Hodge Rachel , Kaur Paramjit , Brown Andrew P. , Ghiorghiu Dana , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Mok Tony S.K.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutation–positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is an unmet need for EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors with improved CNS penetration and activity against CNS metastases, either at initial diagnosis or time of progression. We report the first comparative evidence of osimertinib CNS efficacy versus platinum-pemetrexed from a phase III study (AURA3; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02151981) in patients with EGFR T790M–positive advanced NSCLC who experience disease progression with prior EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

Methods

Patients with asymptomatic, stable CNS metastases were eligible for enrollment and were randomly assigned 2:1 to osimertinib 80 mg once daily or platinum-pemetrexed. A preplanned subgroup analysis was conducted in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions on baseline brain scan by blinded independent central neuroradiological review. The CNS evaluable for response set included only patients with one or more measurable CNS lesions. The primary objective for this analysis was CNS objective response rate (ORR).

Results

Of 419 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 116 had measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions, including 46 patients with measurable CNS lesions. At data cutoff (April 15, 2016), CNS ORR in patients with one or more measurable CNS lesions was 70% (21 of 30; 95% CI, 51% to 85%) with osimertinib and 31% (5 of 16; 95% CI, 11% to 59%) with platinum-pemetrexed (odds ratio, 5.13; 95% CI, 1.44 to 20.64; P = .015); the ORR was 40% (30 of 75; 95% CI, 29% to 52%) and 17% (7 of 41; 95% CI, 7% to 32%), respectively, in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions (odds ratio, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.33 to 8.81; P = .014). Median CNS duration of response in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions was 8.9 months (95% CI, 4.3 months to not calculable) for osimertinib and 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.4 to 5.7 months) for platinum-pemetrexed; median CNS progression-free survival was 11.7 months and 5.6 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.69; P = .004).

Conclusion

Osimertinib demonstrated superior CNS efficacy versus platinum-pemetrexed in T790M-positive advanced NSCLC.
Patronage and Seigneurial Authority in Early Modern Alsace
Authors: Lazer Stephen
Published: July 2018

Historians have for decades studied how the French monarchy used patronage to increase its influence over newly conquered and distant provinces in the early modern period. However, provincial elites too had access to patronage that they could use to both resist French authority and cement their own. This article examines how the dukes of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld maintained the primacy of their seigneurial administrations and could thus also use patronage powers to check French authority. Case studies show that the dukes initially suffered from the intervention of French provincial patrons in their seigneurial appointments. After securing their position in Alsace, however, the dukes protected their autonomy by rejecting others' candidates. Having resisted French patronage, the dukes demonstrated their importance further by pushing their own candidates onto the provincial administration.
French Theories in China and the Chinese Theoretical (Re)construction
Authors: Ning Wang
Published: July 2018

Of all the Western critical theories received in China, French theories have exerted the greatest influence on China’s literary theory and criticism. Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialist philosophy and literary theory have had tremendous influence not only on China’s contemporary literature but also on its literary theory and criticism; Jacques Derrida’s deconstructive critical theory has helped form a unique version of Chinese postmodernism; and Alain Badiou’s Maoist passion and his critical reception in China’s cultural and intellectual circles have spurred Chinese intellectuals to reflect on the legacy of Maoism. Inspired by these theorists, this article puts forward a theoretical construction of world poetics that is not founded merely on Western or Eastern literature, and is not simply Eastern and Western literary poetics put together, but offers a new theory, based on substantial studies of world literatures and theories, that can be used to interpret all literary phenomena, Eastern and Western alike.
Involvement of PKCε in FSH-induced connexin43 phosphorylation and oocyte maturation in mouse
Authors: Cai Han , Liu Bingying , Yang Tingting , Yang Yi , Xu Jinrui , Wei Zhiqing , Deng Guangcun , Ning Gang , Li Junxia , Wen Jing , Liu Wei , Ni Zhangli , Ma Yuzhen , Zhang Meijia , Zhou Bo , Xia Guoliang , Ouyang Hong , Wang Chao
Published: July 2018

Gap junctions (GJs) are indispensable for communication between cumulus cells (CCs) and oocytes in coordinating the gonadotropin-induced meiotic maturation of oocytes. Of all proteins that constitute GJs, phosphorylated connexin43 (pCx43) is vital for mediating the actions of gonadotropins. In this study, the mechanism of Cx43 phosphorylation in response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation was examined using an in vitro model of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The results confirmed that Cx43 phosphorylation occured twice during FSH treatment. Importantly, the second Cx43 phosphorylation was closely related to cAMP level reduction within oocytes, which initiated oocyte maturation. Exploration of the underlying mechanism revealed that the CC-specific protein kinase C ε (PKCε) level was up-regulated by FSH stimulation. PKCε was a kinase downstream from mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and was responsible for Cx43 phosphorylation. Interestingly, MAPK was involved in both Cx43 phosphorylation processes, while PKCε was only involved in the second. In conclusion, PKCε-mediated MAPK signals might contribute to Cx43 phosphorylation in CCs during FSH-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. Our findings contribute to better understanding of the molecular regulation mechanism of oocyte maturation in response to FSH in vitro.
Expression of N471D strumpellin leads to defects in the endolysosomal system
Authors: Song Lin , Rijal Ramesh , Karow Malte , Stumpf Maria , Hahn Oliver , Park Laura , Insall Robert , Schröder Rolf , Hofmann Andreas , Clemen Christoph S. , Eichinger Ludwig
Published: July 2018

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically diverse and clinically characterised by lower limb weakness and spasticity. The N471D and several other point mutations of human strumpellin (Str; also known as WASHC5), a member of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex, have been shown to cause a form of HSP known as spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8). To investigate the molecular functions of wild-type (WT) and N417D Str, we generated Dictyostelium Str− cells and ectopically expressed StrWT-GFP or StrN471D-GFP in Str− and WT cells. Overexpression of both proteins apparently caused a defect in cell division, as we observed a clear increase in multinucleate cells. Real-time PCR analyses revealed no transcriptional changes in WASH complex subunits in Str− cells, but western blots showed a twofold decrease in the SWIP subunit. GFP-trap experiments in conjunction with mass-spectrometric analysis revealed many previously known, as well as new, Str-interacting proteins, and also proteins that no longer bind to StrN471D. At the cellular level, Str− cells displayed defects in cell growth, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, exocytosis and lysosomal function. Expression of StrWT-GFP in Str− cells rescued all observed defects. In contrast, expression of StrN471D-GFP could not rescue lysosome morphology and exocytosis of indigestible material. Our results underscore a key role for the WASH complex and its core subunit, Str, in the endolysosomal system, and highlight the fundamental importance of the Str N471 residue for maintaining lysosome morphology and dynamics. Our data indicate that the SPG8-causing N471D mutation leads to a partial loss of Str function in the endolysosomal system.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Effects of genetic deletion versus pharmacological blockade of the LPA1 receptor on depression-like behaviour and related brain functional activity
Authors: Moreno-Fernández Román Darío , Nieto-Quero Andrea , Gómez-Salas Francisco Javier , Chun Jerold , Estivill-Torrús Guillermo , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Santín Luis Javier , Pérez-Martín Margarita , Pedraza Carmen
Published: July 2018

Animal models of psychopathology are particularly useful for studying the neurobiology of depression and characterising the subtypes. Recently, our group was the first to identify a possible relationship between the LPA1 receptor and a mixed anxiety-depression phenotype. Specifically, maLPA1-null mice exhibited a phenotype characterised by depressive and anxious features. However, the constitutive lack of the gene encoding the LPA1 receptor (Lpar1) can induce compensatory mechanisms that might have resulted in the observed deficits. Therefore, in the present study, we have compared the impact of permanent loss and acute pharmacological inhibition of the LPA1 receptor on despair-like behaviours and on the functional brain map associated with these behaviours, as well as on the degree of functional connectivity among structures. Although the antagonist (intracerebroventricularly administered Ki16425) mimicked some, but not all, effects of genetic deletion of the LPA1 receptor on the results of behavioural tests and engaged different brain circuits, both treatments induced depression-like behaviours with an agitation component that was linked to functional changes in key brain regions involved in the stress response and emotional regulation. In addition, both Ki16425 treatment and LPA1 receptor deletion modified the functional brain maps in a way similar to the changes observed in depressed patients. In summary, the pharmacological and genetic approaches could ultimately assist in dissecting the function of the LPA1 receptor in emotional regulation and brain responses, and a combination of those approaches might provide researchers with an opportunity to develop useful drugs that target the LPA1 receptor as treatments for depression, mainly the anxious subtype.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Validation of a yeast malate dehydrogenase 2 (Mdh2) antibody tested for use in western blots
Authors: Gabay-Maskit Shiran , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat
Published: July 2018

Malate dehydrogenases (Mdhs) reversibly convert malate to oxaloacetate and serve as important enzymes in several metabolic pathways. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaethere are three Mdh isozymes, localized to different compartments in the cell. In order to identify specifically the Mdh2 isozyme, GenScript USA produced three different antibodies that we further tested by western blot. All three antibodies recognized theS. cerevisiaeMdh2 with different background and specificity properties. One of the antibodies had a relatively low background and high specificity and thus can be used for specific identification of Mdh2 in various experimental settings.
Recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of clinical malaria
Authors: Recker Mario , Bull Peter C , Buckee Caroline O
Published: July 2018

Human malaria is a complex disease that can show a wide array of clinical outcomes, from asymptomatic carriage and chronic infection to acute disease presenting various life-threatening pathologies. The specific outcome of an infection is believed to be determined by a multifactorial interplay between the host and the parasite but with a general trend toward disease attenuation with increasing prior exposure. Therefore, the main burden of malaria in a population can be understood as a function of transmission intensity, which itself is intricately linked to the prevalence of infected hosts and mosquito vectors, the distribution of infection outcomes, and the parasite population diversity. Predicting the long-term impact of malaria intervention measures therefore requires an in-depth understanding of how the parasite causes disease, how this relates to previous exposures, and how different infection pathologies contribute to parasite transmission. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of clinical malaria and how these might prove to be influential in our fight against this important disease.
Characteristics and management of ventricular shunt infections in children, 2000-2015: a single centre retrospective chart review
Authors: Feijen Iris C. , Rodrigues Charlene M.C. , Cowie Christopher J.A. , Nicholson Claire , Raza Muhammad , Emonts Marieke
Published: July 2018

Background: Infections are a common and serious complication of ventricular shunts that can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Treatment consists of surgical and antimicrobial therapy, but there is a lack of evidence regarding optimal management. We therefore aimed to analyse the current practice and patient outcomes within a large tertiary referral centre.

Methods: We identified cases of infection in ventriculoperitoneal shunts from January 2000 until April 2015 in our institution. All patients were under 18 years at the time of infection. Clinical, microbiological and radiological data were collected with the use of a standardised proforma. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: There were 92 episodes of infection in 65 patients. The most common microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (47%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16%). Surgical treatment included shunt externalisation (15%) and complete removal (67%). Antibiotics were given in 97% of the patients in addition to surgery. Vancomycin, linezolid, cefotaxime, meropenem and rifampicin were used most frequently. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 18 days (IQR 14-25 days). Two patients died from consequences of a shunt infection and seven had recurrent infection.

Conclusions: It would be beneficial to develop a guideline for recognition and treatment of shunt infections. Complete removal of the shunt and placement of an EVD seems the safest surgical treatment. Empirical antibiotic treatment should be started as soon as possible. A combination of linezolid and ceftriaxone would be appropriate first line antibiotics, with meropenem as second line. Antibiotics can be rationalised once the CSF culture results are known.
7th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry
Authors: Тарасова Наталия , Tarasova Natalya , Локтева Е. , Lokteva E.
Published: July 2018

This paper contains information about the 7th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry. Papers written based on reports presented at the conference were included in a special section of the «Safety in the Technosphere» journal current issue.
Chemical Leasing as Instrument for Improvement of Enterprise’s Ecological and Economic Efficiency
Authors: Елисеев М. , Eliseev M.
Published: July 2018

Since 2004 the United Nations Organization is engaging in developing and promoting the business model of chemical leasing, a special approach designed to replace the classic type of relationship between suppliers and consumers of chemicals. The model will stimulate the commercialization of innovations in chemistry, reduce the burden on the environment and achieve an economic effect from the introduction. In this paper the core of chemical leasing is laid out, as well as its development history and experience of application in Russia.
MATEMÁTICA EDUCATIVA EN CAMAGÜEY: INCIDENCIA SOCIAL DE UN PROGRAMA DE MAESTRÍA
Authors: Pérez González Olga Lidia
Published: July 2018

En la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz (ucial), situada en el oriente cubano, a finales de los ochenta del siglo xx, se reunió un grupo de profesores interesados en investigar y perfeccionar la enseñanza de la Matemática bajo la guía de doctores en ciencias formados en Europa y liderados por el doctor Roberto Portuondo Padrón. El grupo se mostró desde entonces muchas inquietudes sobre la realidad latinoamericana en relación con el quehacer social, académico e investigativo de esta disciplina (Cantoral, 2018), y, sobre todo, gran preocupación social e interés por tener una identidad disciplinar e investigativa que permitiera solucionar los problemas en torno a la enseñanza.
ESTRATEGIAS DE LOS NIÑOS EN LA RESOLUCIÓN DE SITUACIONES MULTIPLICATIVAS: RECONOCIMIENTO Y USO DE UNIDADES
Authors: Martínez Melo Nidia Stella , Rojas Garzón Pedro Javier , Rojas Rodríguez Natalia Lorena
Published: July 2018

Se presenta un análisis de las estrategias utilizadas por niños de primero y segundo grado de educación básica primaria (7-8 años de edad) de dos instituciones educativas de Bogotá, Colombia, para resolver situaciones multiplicativas antes de recibir instrucción sobre multiplicación y división. El análisis se centró en identificar si los niños reconocen diferentes unidades, simples o compuestas, y el uso que hacen de éstas, en particular si forman unidades para abordar las situaciones dadas y si con ellas reinterpretan dichas situaciones. Esta investigación se desarrolló utilizando el método de entrevistas basadas en tareas, a partir del cual fue posible encontrar evidencias sobre las estrategias usadas por los niños, en particular dos estrategias emergentes que no han sido reportadas en la literatura internacional: equivalencia entre distintos tipos de unidad y uso coordinado de unidades compuestas.
Longitudinal Leadership Capacity Growth among Participants of a Leadership Immersion Program: How Much Does Structural Diversity Matter?
Authors: Collins Jasmine D. , Rosch David M.
Published: July 2018

Numerous studies have provided evidence that interracial interaction can contribute to the development of leadership skills and behaviors for university students. Yet, little empirical research has been dedicated to understanding the effects of structural (compositional) racial diversity within leadership programs on program participant outcomes. This study examined the impact of the structural racial diversity of 50 leadership program sessions on student leadership capacity gains over time. A total of 667 participants in sessions coded as either “High,” “Moderate,” or “Low” with regard to racial diversity within the session served as the sample. Results from data collected immediately prior to, directly after, and 3-4 months after program participation suggest the training effects of a leadership initiative may be augmented by the recruitment of racially diverse participants.
Academic Leadership Courses: Catalysts for Students’ Retention and Graduation
Authors: Soria Krista M. , Werner Linnette
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether students’ completion of an introductory leadership minor course is associated with their first-year retention and their four-year graduation or continued enrollment. The authors used propensity score matching techniques and discovered that first-year students who enrolled in an academic leadership course had significantly greater odds of retention, graduation in four years (over withdrawal), and continued enrollment in four years (over withdrawal) compared to their peers who did not enroll in an introductory leadership minor course.
Learning about the Predictive Power of Young Voter Party Affiliation and Leadership Perceptions in U.S. Presidential Elections
Authors: Popa Adrian B. , Hazels Michael , Barker Deryan
Published: July 2018

Opportunities to observe presidential leadership capacities and to be an active citizen in appraising presidential leadership practices have increased the relevance of perceptions of candidates’ leadership qualities in presidential and campaign politics. Based on prior evidence, the current study predicted and confirmed that a sample of 1,087 young voter perceptions of presidential candidates’ leadership practices predict intent to vote for a particular candidate after accounting for party affiliation. Additionally, party affiliation was reconfirmed as predicting differences in perceived leadership practices. Interestingly, male and female perceptions of presidential leadership practices varied and were contextualized by factors related to identity development. The study concludes with a discussion of implications as they pertain to leadership theory and leadership education.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Change Leadership within a Leadership Development Program Context
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Sapp L. Rochelle , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: July 2018

The need for individuals capable of leading change has become pronounced based on the changes occurring within the higher education system. The purpose of this study was to examine if participation in the LEAD21 leadership development program, a national leadership program for faculty emerging as leaders in the land-grant university system, changed participant levels of change leadership. The longitudinal analysis included comparisons across members of three classes in the LEAD21 program, as well as the aggregated data from all three years. Results indicated overall level of change leadership rose by an average of 28.8%. Additionally, the study established benchmarks for pre-program and post-program levels of change leadership. Leadership educators can use the results to inform future leadership education initiatives. Furthermore, the study presents a Leading Change Scale that may be appropriate for future leadership program evaluations. Ongoing evaluations of leadership programs are encouraged.
Increasing self-efficacy through immersive simulations: Leading professional learning communities
Authors: Gilbert Kristen A. , Voelkel Robert H. , Johnson Christie W.
Published: July 2018

Research suggests effective immersive simulations that rely on augmented reality enhance teachers’ self-efficacy and skills (Badiee & Kauffman, 2015). However, there is a gap in the literature as studies have largely ignored their uses in educational leadership programs (Bradley & Kendall, 2015). This study investigated the relationship between application of critical skills within an immersive simulation environment and 26 school or district leaders’ perceptions of self-efficacy in leading a professional learning community (PLC). Two overarching themes materialized from participants: improved general confidence in leading a PLC, and a sense of refined or expanded skills in the context of new approaches to leading PLC. Further studies are needed on the use of immersive simulation as a pedagogical tool and to examine impact for educational leadership practitioners.
Evlilik Rol Beklentileri Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: KÖKSAL Burak , İLHAN Tahsin
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada bireylerin
evlilik rol beklentilerini değerlendirebileceği bir ölçek geliştirilmiş ve daha
sonra da bu ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırma iki ayrı katılımcı grubunda toplam 766 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma
verileri 2014-2015 eğitim - öğretim yılında toplanmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme
sürecinde hem evli ve bekar bireylerden alınan rol beklentileri hem de
alanyazın ve daha önce geliştirilmiş ölçme araçları dikkate alınarak madde
havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Varimaks döndürme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen temel
bileşenler analizi sonucunda 40 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin toplam varyansın %
36.25’sini açıklayan iki faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu
faktörler geleneksel ve eşitlikçi ve olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Bu
iki bileşenli yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmış ve uyum
indekslerinin iyi uyuma işaret ettiği tespit edilmiştir. İlişkisel-bireyci-toplulukçu
benlik ölçeği ve Bem cinsiyet rolü envanteri ile yapılan ölçüt bağıntılı
geçerlik çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen korelasyon değerleri ölçeğin geçerliğini
destekler niteliktedir. İç tutarlık ve test tekrarı güvenirlik analizleri
neticesinde evlilik rol beklentilerinin güvenirliğinin yeterli olduğu
değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak evlilik rol beklentileri ölçeğinin
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Efeito da Terapia Manual em Pacientes com Lombalgia: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Pereira Dayana Sales , Santana Junior Virgílio
Published: July 2018

A terapia manual em pacientes com lombalgia é uma técnica muito aplicada para melhorar a flexibilidade lombar de pessoas com e sem dor nesta região. Ela é caracterizada como um dos problemas de saúde mais frequentes na população geral. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica sobre o efeito da terapia manual em pacientes com lombalgia. As pesquisas foram realizadas a partir das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PEDro, no período de março a maio de 2018. Foram selecionados cinco artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2017 que tratavam da temática. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo compilar informação a respeito do efeito da terapia manual em pacientes com lombalgia. Resultados: O trabalho proporcionou incrementar o conhecimento a respeito do tratamento da lombalgia, demonstrando que a técnica é de grande relevância e tem eficácia comprovada na diminuição da dor e, consequentemente, na evolução da capacidade funcional dos pacientes. Conclusão: O presente trabalho demostrou que a técnica de terapia manual é efetiva no tratamento de pessoas com diagnóstico de lombalgia, aumentando a capacidade funcional das mesmas.
A depressão como causa do desenvolvimento da ideação suicida na pessoa idosa e as consequências no âmbito familiar
Authors: Barroso Marianna Leite , Silva Sandra Barreto Fernandes da , Neves Fernanda Pereira de Brito , Braga Irineide Beserra
Published: July 2018

As ideias de morte e morrer são fenômenos comuns em pessoas mais idosas, observando-se que em muitos países, esta é maior faixa em termos de grupo de risco para o suicídio. Mesmo não havendo letalidade em algumas das tentativas, o ato em si, é a caracterização de forte ideação, que pode implicar em reincidência provável. Reconhecem-se que são muitos os fatores que levam a ideação suicida, dentre os quais a depressão. Este artigo reflete o assunto à luz da literatura especializada. É relevante que se tenham políticas públicas de enfrentamento da depressão também nessa faixa etária, como forma de prevenção a possíveis comportamentos suicidas.
Clareamento de Hiperpigmentação pós-Inflamatória axilar por intermédio do Carvão Ativado associado ao Mel e a Própolis
Authors: Costa Patricia Angelica Chaves , Espinheira Marcelo José Costa Lima
Published: July 2018

Dentre as principais causas da hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória axilar estão a gestação, bactérias por vestígio de certos desodorantes ou atrito por roupas apertadas. O Carvão Ativado apresenta propriedades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, absorvente, bactericida e clareadoras, e a associação deste componente com o mel e a própolis proporciona além da principal função para clareamento, o aumento da hidratação da pele através da indução de vitaminas e minerais presentes no mel e própolis. Atualmente existem vários tratamentos disponíveis para o clareamento da hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória axilar, entretanto nenhum método dispõe da utilização da associação dessas substâncias para estes fins. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo geral: avaliar o uso do carvão ativado associado ao mel e a própolis como clareador para hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória na axila. Trata-se de uma pesquisa classificada como estudo de caso do tipo exploratório, a ser realizada junto a nove voluntárias que serão atendidas em um Centro Estético de uma instituição privada no interior do estado da Bahia. O instrumento de pesquisa será constituído por anamnese e exame clínico, sendo realizadas fotografias antes, durante e após o tratamento. Os dados serão analisados de forma descritiva e apresentados na forma de fotografias.
Concepção da Gestão Escolar e Consequências quanto a Formação de Seus Gestores
Authors: Melo Eva Coelho Rodrigues de , Soares Rita Cristiane Ramacciotti Gusmão
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo discute uma nova concepção de gestão escolar, com base no contexto da sociedade atual e moderna, que se encontra em constante fase de transformação e adaptação. Além disso, faz uma análise dos novos desafios apresentados pela sociedade, analisando de forma prática os estudos e pesquisas que tratam do assunto em questão. Novos caminhos são abordados e aprofundados, assim como os atuais conceitos de gestão utilizados e transformados com o passar do tempo. Todo o presente trabalho está voltado para o estudo dos novos modelos de gestão adotados, e compõe-se de objetivos, métodos e conclusões finais. Ao final do artigo, são citados os principais autores pesquisados utilizados na elaboração do projeto em questão.