bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative validity of a Diet Risk Score (DRS) for Chinese American adults
Authors: Johnston Emily A , Park Agnes , Hu Lu , Yi Stella S , Thorpe Lorna E , Rummo Pasquale E , Beasley Jeannette M
Published: March 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of the nine-item Diet Risk Score (DRS) among Chinese American adults using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. We provide insights into the application of the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) for this population, and report on lessons learned from carrying out participant recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Thirty-three Chinese American adults (mean age=40; 36% male) were recruited from the community and through ResearchMatch. Participants completed the DRS and two 24-hour food records, which were entered into the ASA 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) by community health workers (CHWs). HEI-2015 scores were calculated from each food record and an average score was obtained for each participant. One-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlations were used to compare total and component scores between the DRS and HEI-2015.

Results

Mean HEI-2015 score was 56.7/100 (SD 10.6) and mean DRS score was 11.8/27 (SD 4.7), with higher scores reflecting better and worse diets, respectively. HEI-2015 and DRS scores were inversely correlated (r=−0.43, p<0.05). The strongest correlations were between HEI-2015 Total Vegetables and DRS Vegetables (r=−0.5, p<0.01), HEI-2015 Total Vegetables and Green Vegetables (r=−0.43, p=0.01) and HEI-2015 Seafood/Plant Protein and DRS Fish (r=−0.47, p<0.01). The inability to advertise and recruit for the study in person at community centres due to pandemic restrictions impeded the recruitment of less-acculturated individuals. A lack of cultural food items in the ASA24 database made it difficult to record dietary intake as reported by participants.

Conclusion

The DRS can be a valuable tool for physicians to identify and reach Chinese Americans at risk of cardiometabolic disease.
Toward Balancing the Efficiency and Effectiveness in k-Facility Relocation Problem
Authors: Wang Hu , Li Hui , Wang Meng , Cui Jiangtao
Published: March 2023

Facility Relocation (FR), which is an effort to reallocate the placement of facilities to adapt to the changes of urban planning, has remarkable impact on many areas. Existing solutions fail to guarantee the result quality on relocating
k > 1
facilities. As
k
-FR problem is NP-complete and is not submodular or non-decreasing, traditional greedy algorithm cannot be directly applied. We propose to transform
k
-FR into another facility placement problem, which is submodular and non-decreasing. We prove that the optimal solutions of both problems are equivalent. Accordingly, we present the first approximate solution toward the
k
-FR, FR2FP. Our extensive comparison over both FR2FP and the state-of-the-art solution shows that FR2FP, although it provides approximation guarantee, cannot necessarily given superior results. The comparison motivates us to present an advanced approximate solution, FR2FP-ex. Moreover, based on Lagrangian relaxation, we develop an algorithm that can adjust the approximation ratio. Extensive experiments verified that, FR2FP-ex demonstrates the best result quality, and it is very close to the optimal solution. In addition, we also unveil the scenarios when the state-of-the-art would fail. We further generalize the
k
-FR problem, considering the budget for relocation and the cost of each facility. We also present corresponding approximate solutions toward the new problem and prove the approximation ratio.
SMONE: A Session-based Recommendation Model Based on Neighbor Sessions with Similar Probabilistic Intentions
Authors: Jia Bohan , Cao Jian , Qian Shiyou , Zhu Nengjun , Dong Xin , Zhang Liang , Cheng Lei , Mo Linjian
Published: March 2023

A
session-based recommendation system (SRS)
tries to predict the next possible choice of anonymous users. In recent years,
graph neural network (GNN)
models have been successfully applied to SRSs and have achieved great success. Using GNN models in SRSs, each session graph is processed successively to obtain the embedding of the node (i.e, each action on an item), which is then imported into the prediction module to generate recommendation results. However, solely depending on the session graph to obtain the node embeddings is not sufficient because each session only involves a few items. Therefore, neighbor sessions have been used to extend the session graph to learn more informative node representations. In this paper, we introduce a
S
ession-based recommendation
MO
del based on
N
eighbor sessions with similar probabilistic int
E
ntions(SMONE). SMONE models the intentions behind sessions in a probabilistic way and retrieves the neighbor sessions with similar intentions. After the neighbor sessions are found, the target session and its neighbor sessions are modeled as a hypyergraph to learn the contextualized embeddings, which are combined with item embeddings through GNN to produce the final item recommendations. Experiments on real-world datasets prove the effectiveness and superiority of SMONE.
Transformer-Based Visual Grounding with Cross-Modality Interaction
Authors: Li Kun , Li Jiaxiu , Guo Dan , Yang Xun , Wang Meng
Published: March 2023

This article tackles the challenging yet important task of Visual Grounding (VG), which aims to localize a visual region in the given image referred by a natural language query. Existing efforts on the VG task are twofold: (1)
two-stage methods
first extract region proposals and then rank them according to their similarities with the referring expression, which usually leads to suboptimal results due to the quality of region proposals; (2)
one-stage methods
usually predict all the possible coordinates of the target region online by leveraging modern object detection architectures, which pay little attention to cross-modality correlations and have limited generalization ability. To better address the task, we present an effective transformer-based end-to-end visual grounding approach, which focuses on capturing the cross-modality correlations between the referring expression and visual regions for accurately reasoning the location of the target region. Specifically, our model consists of a feature encoder, a cross-modality interactor, and a modality-agnostic decoder. The feature encoder is employed to capture the intra-modality correlation, which models the linguistic context in query and the spatial dependency in image respectively. The cross-modality interactor endows the model with the capability of highlighting the localization-relevant visual and textual cues by mutual verification of vision and language, which plays a key role in our model. The decoder learns a consolidated token representation enriched by multi-modal contexts and further directly predicts the box coordinates. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets with quantitative and qualitative analysis clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and rationale of our proposed method.
Surrogate Endpoints in Clinical Trials
Authors: Elliott Michael R.
Published: March 2023

Surrogate markers are often used in clinical trials settings when obtaining a final outcome to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment requires a long wait, is expensive to obtain, or both. Formal definitions of surrogate marker quality resulting from a large variety of estimation approaches have been proposed over the years. I review this work, with a particular focus on approaches that use the causal inference paradigm, as these conceptualize a good marker as one in the causal pathway between the treatment and outcome. I also focus on efforts to evaluate the risk of a surrogate paradox, a damaging situation where the surrogate is positively associated with the outcome, and the causal effect of the treatment on the surrogate is in a helpful direction, but the ultimate causal effect of the treatment on the outcome is harmful. I then review some recent work in robust surrogate marker estimation and conclude with a discussion and suggestions for future research.
Statistical Deep Learning for Spatial and Spatiotemporal Data
Authors: Wikle Christopher K. , Zammit-Mangion Andrew
Published: March 2023

Deep neural network models have become ubiquitous in recent years and have been applied to nearly all areas of science, engineering, and industry. These models are particularly useful for data that have strong dependencies in space (e.g., images) and time (e.g., sequences). Indeed, deep models have also been extensively used by the statistical community to model spatial and spatiotemporal data through, for example, the use of multilevel Bayesian hierarchical models and deep Gaussian processes. In this review, we first present an overview of traditional statistical and machine learning perspectives for modeling spatial and spatiotemporal data, and then focus on a variety of hybrid models that have recently been developed for latent process, data, and parameter specifications. These hybrid models integrate statistical modeling ideas with deep neural network models in order to take advantage of the strengths of each modeling paradigm. We conclude by giving an overview of computational technologies that have proven useful for these hybrid models, and with a brief discussion on future research directions.
Graph-Based Change-Point Analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Chu Lynna
Published: March 2023

Recent technological advances allow for the collection of massive data in the study of complex phenomena over time and/or space in various fields. Many of these data involve sequences of high-dimensional or non-Euclidean measurements, where change-point analysis is a crucial early step in understanding the data. Segmentation, or offline change-point analysis, divides data into homogeneous temporal or spatial segments, making subsequent analysis easier; its online counterpart detects changes in sequentially observed data, allowing for real-time anomaly detection. This article reviews a nonparametric change-point analysis framework that utilizes graphs representing the similarity between observations. This framework can be applied to data as long as a reasonable dissimilarity distance among the observations can be defined. Thus, this framework can be applied to a wide range of applications, from high-dimensional data to non-Euclidean data, such as imaging data or network data. In addition, analytic formulas can be derived to control the false discoveries, making them easy off-the-shelf data analysis tools.
The Double-Edged Effect of Water on Li-O2 Aprotic Batteries
Authors: Policano Martim Chiquetto , Anchieta Chayene Gonçalves , Carpanedo de Morais Nepel Thayane , Maia Francisco Carlos Barbosa , Filho Rubens Maciel , Doubek Gustavo
Published: March 2023

Storing larger amounts of energy is becoming critical as more renewable and intermittent energy sources emerge in our society. Li-O2 batteries have the highest theoretical energy density, but there are still barriers to overcome. The presence of water in atmospheric air makes studying its effects on battery performance necessary if ambient oxygen ought to be used in such devices. This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of water in the electrolyte of Li-O2 aprotic batteries, on deep discharge capacity and cyclability. Batteries were prepared with a metallic lithium anode, glass microfiber membrane, 0.1 M LiClO4/DMSO electrolyte with various water concentrations (15–144,000 ppm), and carbon paper cathode. An increase in discharge capacity of >300% was achieved with 550 ppm of water; however, a gradual reduction in cyclability was observed increasing water concentration. We show that it occurs due to changes in the reaction mechanism, composition, and morphology of the discharge products, incomplete decomposition, and formation of a passivating film on the metallic lithium anode. Moreover, this article elucidates the causes underlying the involved mechanism and highlights the double-edged effect of water on the electrochemical performance of Li-O2 batteries, causing improvements in deep discharge capacity at the cost of reduced cyclability.
Performance of a PANI/MnO2 Nanocomposite-Based Supercapacitor/Diode Under DC Magnetic Field and Visible and Ultraviolet Photon Irradiation
Authors: Rather Mudasir Hussain , Mir Feroz Ahmad , Ahmad Peerzada Ajaz
Published: March 2023

Polyaniline/Manganese dioxide (PANI/MnO2) nanocomposite has been successfully prepared by in situ polymerization method. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data confirm the formation of PANI/MnO2 nanocomposites. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirms the vibrationsdominant by metal oxide and polymer in the complex format. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that these nanocomposites exhibits nano rods like morphologies. The optical properties were studied by UV–visible Spectroscopy and the optical band gaps were estimated to be around 1.62 eV. Also this composite follow indirect allowed transition. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) of this composites were also studied, and from this data the specific capacitance (Cp), energy density (Ed), power density (Pd) and charge retention were also calculated. Additionally, from CV data, the energy levels such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were also determined. A supercapacitor of this understudy material was designed and it’s charging and discharging under different conditions (like under the exposure of different wavelengths of light and various intensities of static magnetic fields)were also studied and explained. The preliminary designed supercapacitor shows good charge retention capacity. The specific capacitance of this capacitor remainsaround 463 Fg−1 at 200 cycles. Besides this, a planner diode of this composite was also fabricated and this diode was tested for current-voltage (IV) characteristics under various conditions like under exposure to photons of various wavelengths and in presence of different static magnetic fields.The various parameters related with this diode were analyzed and studied. The dielectric studies of this material were studied. The current materials could be explored as a good candidate for modern energy storage and optoelectronics applications.
Polypyrrole-Ag/AgCl Nanocomposite-Enabled Exhaled Breath-Acetone Monitoring Non-Invasive Biosensor for Diabetes Diagnostics
Authors: Chaudhary Vishal , Talreja Rishi Kumar , Khalid Mohammad , Rustagi Sarvesh , Khosla Ajit
Published: March 2023

The state-of-the-art diabetes diagnosis is concerned with developing non-invasive nano-enabled exhaled breath-acetone detection strategies. This communication details the potential of polypyrrole(PPy)– Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) ternary nanocomposites (NCs) for monitoring low-trace of acetone in human breath for diabetes diagnosis. The PPy–Ag/AgCl NCs were synthesized through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline by silver nitrate in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The morphological analysis revealed the existence of spherical Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (diameter ∼50 nm) embedded in PPy matrix of nano fibrillar morphology (diameter ∼20 nm). The structural investigations confirm the co-existence of PPy, Ag and AgCl nanoparticles in the ternary nanocomposite. The NC exhibited manifold superior sensing performance towards low trace (as low as ∼1 ppm) of breath-acetone with excellent sensitivity (∼20%), prompt response (∼20 s), fast recovery (∼100s), linear detecting range, and high repeatability at room temperature compared to pristine PPy. It is attributed to synergistic effects in ternary NC due to physicochemical merits of all precursors. Moreover, it showed high stability and selectivity towards acetone in the presence of prominent interfering VOCs and varying humidity. It opens a new window for non-invasive, economic, energy-efficient and point-of-care sensors for diagnosing diabetes in humans and, revolutionizing clinical diagnostics and personal healthcare.
A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Pain among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Thailand
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: March 2023

Objective. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of pain among ageing adults in Thailand. Methods. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were analysed from two consecutive national waves of the Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study in 2015 and 2017. The dependent variable pain was defined as moderate or severe pain in any of the 13 areas of the body over the past month. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, health risk behaviour, physical and mental health conditions, and healthcare utilization. Results. The baseline or cross-sectional sample consisted of 5,616 participants (≥45 years), and the follow-up or incident sample consisted of 2,305 participants. The proportion of pain in the cross-sectional/baseline sample was 36.0%, and in the incident/follow-up sample 39.9%. In the cross-sectional/baseline multivariable model, poor self-reported mental health, sleep problem, arthritis or rheumatism, brain disease and/or psychiatric problems, lung disease, use of hospital in-patient, conventional out-patient, and traditional medicine practitioners were positively associated with pain. In the incident/follow-up multivariable model, older age, Buddhist religion, class I obesity, poor self-reported mental health, hospital in-patient, private clinic out-patient, and use of a practitioner of traditional medicine were positively associated with pain. Male sex and higher education were negatively associated with both cross-sectional and incident pain. Conclusions. More than one-third of older adults in Thailand had past month moderate or severe pain. Risk factors of pain from cross-sectional and/or incident analysis included older age, female sex, lower education, obesity, poor self-reported mental health, sleep problem, arthritis or rheumatism, brain disease and/or psychiatric problems, lung disease, and conventional and traditional healthcare utilization.
Isolated Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as Chronic Progressive Pachymeningitis
Authors: Abata Joshua , Bazer Danielle , Koroneos Nicholas , Syritsyna Olga
Published: March 2023

Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis are rare, and even rarer still are cases of isolated neurosarcoidosis. The clinical presentation of isolated neurosarcoidosis can be highly variable, and diagnosis is particularly challenging, the gold standard being tissue biopsy. We describe a patient with a history of atypical parkinsonian syndrome and chronic right frontal lobe infarct who developed weakness, imbalance, and gait disequilibrium in 2008, with magnetic resonance imaging at that time showing leptomeningeal and nodular enhancements in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes. The patient had an extensive negative workup in 2010 but ultimately did not receive a definitive diagnosis with a tissue biopsy until 2020. The patient also notably failed a 3-month course of steroids after his biopsy due to a lack of symptomatic improvement. This case highlights the clinical variability and diagnostic difficulties of isolated neurosarcoidosis. We also highlight that our patient did not have any symptomatic improvement on steroids, which do typically provide some relief for patients.
Rare Earth Partition Characteristics and Sedimentary Diagenetic Response in Layered Argillaceous Limestone: Taking the Shale of Upper Es4 in the Nx55 Well Area as an Example
Authors: Teng Jianbin , Qiu Longwei , Ma Cunfei , Liu Huimin , Fang Zhengwei , Yu Jiejie
Published: March 2023

Taking the layered argillaceous limestone in the upper Es4 in the Dongying Sag as the research object, the geochemical analysis of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs) established the response relationship between REE distribution characteristics and sedimentary diagenesis. The average values of total light REE (

Σ
LREE

)/total heavy REE (

Σ
HREE

) of micrite calcite and argillaceous laminae are 6.75 and 4.06, respectively. The LREEs and HREEs are differentiated, consistent with the distribution pattern of REEs in the crust. Th and U elements are more enriched in the sediments in the lacustrine sedimentary environment than in the diagenetic calcite veins. In primary sediments (argillaceous clay and micrite calcite laminae), LREEs are more enriched, HREEs are depleted, and Eu shows positive anomaly-enrichment characteristics. The LREEs and HREEs of the sparry calcite veins are lower than those of the original sediment argillaceous clay and micrite calcite, showing characteristics of a negative anomaly depletion. Sparry calcite veins originate from diagenetic fluid crystallization and precipitation and have the characteristics of low Th and U, evident positive anomalies of Sr and Eu, and substantial depletion of La. The distribution patterns of REEs within the four components of the laminated argillaceous sparry limestone reflect the order of REE distribution from primary sediment laminae (argillaceous clay and micrite calcite) to diagenetic laminae (calcite veins). Compared with the North American shale, the four components of the contact surface between the argillaceous and bright crystalline laminae, the micrite calcite, the calcite veins, and the argillaceous laminae all showed weak negative

δ
Ce

anomalies and positive

δ
Eu

anomalies. The fractionation degree between LREEs and HREEs reflected by

La
/
Sm

cn

and

Gd
/
Yb

cn

is in descending order: the interface between the argillaceous lamina and sparry calcite lamina, micritic calcite, calcite vein, and argillaceous lamina. The argillaceous laminar material has the characteristics of basalt REEs, indicating that the terrestrial debris and argillaceous lacustrine shale in the upper Es4 member of the Niuzhuang subsag are primarily derived from the basic extrusive rocks of the Qingtuozi bulge. REE differentiation is most noticeable at the interface between the argillaceous lamina and calcite vein, proving the directionality of REE differentiation from the original sedimentary lamina to the diagenetic lamina. Shale in the study area is primarily deposited below the redox interface of water at a certain depth, and the deposition rate is stable and slow, providing good conditions for preserving organic matter.
Drivers for Sustainable Supply Chain Management and the Practices in Ethiopian Apparel Industries
Authors: Zeleke Redeat Eshete , Hailemariam Shalemu Sharew
Published: March 2023

Environmental, social, and economic concerns in the apparel manufacturing industries have grown in recent years. The sustainability of the apparel supply chain management in developing countries is characterized by operations highly hazardous to the environment and unethical to society and of important economic value. Studies showed that socioeconomic and cultural differences in different countries affect the success of sustainability practices. Therefore, extensive research is required to measure the current challenges of sustainable practices from environmental, social, and economic perspectives of the apparel industry. Due to unsustainable practices, competitiveness in export and local markets is low in the Ethiopian apparel industries. This paper explores the effect of different factors on the sustainable practices of Ethiopian apparel manufacturing industries. A conceptual framework was formulated to measure sustainable practices. Questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data sources were used for data collection. The data are prepared and pretested for reliability. Integrated interpretive structural modelling and structural equation modelling techniques have been employed for model building and data analyses to see the relationship between the challenges and the existing practices. The proposed model was validated using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The Bootstrapping technique in smart partial least square ensures the reliability of the data for small sample size. The result showed a significant relationship between the factors and sustainable practices. All the environmental, economic, and social perspectives were statistically tested and found significant atpvalues of 0.05. Sustainable practice in the apparel manufacturing supply chain was found to be low with a mean value of three. This performance is far below the average standard in developing and developed countries. This research provides customized areas of intervention from environmental and social aspects that recognize the societal difference towards sustainability awareness and motivation to implement sustainability initiatives in Ethiopian apparel manufacturing industries. This research could provide awareness for business owners and policymakers and help understand the limitations of existing sustainability practices and the need for interventions. Therefore, apparel manufacturing industries could be potential sourcing destinations for global apparel manufacturing industries.
Design and Simulation of a Physician-Based Fuzzy System for Ventilator Adjustments in ARDS Patients to Ensure Lung Protection
Authors: Wanzala Jimmy Nabende , Atim Michael Robson , Obungoloch Johnes
Published: March 2023

The acute respiratory distress syndrome patients largely need a mechanical ventilator intervention. There are procedures that have been developed to guide the physicians during the ventilation of the patient. Berlin definition of the acute respiratory distress syndrome has been developed with ventilator adjustment settings/procedures. The procedures may however be a challenge for some physicians to remember during the intense ventilator intervention. Physicians are found to make human errors that may lead to the death of the patient. This, therefore, calls for the need of a logic system that will reason for the physician, that is, guide the physician. A fuzzy logic system was used to build the fuzzy set rules based on the Berlin definition. The MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate the system. The results show that the fuzzy-based ARDS Berlin definition can guide the physician on the adjustments to be made during the ventilation.
A Design and Optimization Methodology for Liquid Metal Fast Reactors
Authors: Al-Dawood Khaldoon , Palmtag Scott
Published: March 2023

A liquid metal fast reactor (LMFR) design and optimization methodology (DOM) has been developed. The methodology effectively explores a search space by initially sampling the search space, excluding invalid design samples prior to performing expensive multiphysics analysis, and then performing local searches of the design space. The design samples are evaluated using the multiphysics capabilities of the LUPINE LMFR simulation suite. Two studies have been performed to demonstrate DOM. First, the Westinghouse long-life core lead fast reactor (WLFR) is optimized. This reactor is 950

MW

th

and fueled with uranium nitride (UN) fuel which has a natural nitrogen isotopic abundance. The objective of the optimization is the reduction of the levelized fuel cycle cost (LFCC) while complying with the design constraints. Considering the challenges associated with using natural nitrogen in nitride fuel, a second study was performed to design a competitive 15N-enriched UN-fueled long-life core LFR. Based on this design, the cost of the 15N enrichment process necessary to achieve a competitive LFCC was calculated.
Impact of Quality Improvement Bundle on Compliance with Resuscitation Guidelines during In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children
Authors: Awadhare Pranali , Barot Karma , Frydson Ingrid , Balakumar Niveditha , Doerr Donna , Bhalala Utpal
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Various quality improvement (QI) interventions have been individually assessed for the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to assess the QI bundle (hands‐on training and debriefing) for the quality of CPR in our children’s hospital. We hypothesized that the QI bundle improves the quality of CPR in hospitalized children. Methods. We initiated a QI bundle (hands‐on training and debriefing) in August 2017. We conducted a before‐after analysis comparing the CPR quality during July 2013–May 2017 (before) and January 2018–December 2020 (after). We collected data from the critical events logbook on CPR duration, chest compressions (CC) rate, ventilation rate (VR), the timing of first dose of epinephrine, blood pressure (BP), end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and vital signs monitoring during CPR. We performed univariate analysis and presented data as the median interquartile range (IQR) and in percentage as appropriate. Results. We compared data from 58 CPR events versus 41 CPR events before and after QI bundle implementation, respectively. The median (IQR) CPR duration for the pre‐ and post‐QI bundle was 5 (1–13) minutes and 3 minutes (1.25–10), and the timing of the first dose of epinephrine was 2 (1‐2) minutes and 2 minutes (1–5), respectively. We observed an improvement in compliance with the CC rate (100–120 per minute) from 72% events before versus 100% events after QI bundle implementation (p = 0.0009). Similarly, there was a decrease in CC interruptions and hyperventilation rates from 100% to 50% (p = 0.016) and 100% vs. 63% (p = <0.0001) events before vs. after QI bundle implementation, respectively. We also observed improvement in BP monitoring from 36% before versus 60% after QI bundle (p = 0.014). Conclusion. Our QI bundle (hands‐on training and debriefing) was associated with improved compliance with high‐quality CPR in children.
Exploring the Differences in Social Care Needs by the Degree of Obesity among Older Adults in England: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghosh Gargi , Khan Hafiz T. A. , Vohra Salim
Published: March 2023

Objectives. The study aims to determine the social care need among overweight and obese older adults by identifying the number of social care support receipts from different sources. Methods. A sample of 5640 participants (aged 50 years and over) taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Wave 8 dataset. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the study variables. Results. The statistical analyses demonstrated that overweight and obese older adults are the recipients of increasing amounts of informal social care. Moderate and morbidly obese participants are the recipients of increasing amounts of formal care compared to their normal-weight counterparts, with morbid obesity being a strong predictor for receipt of formal care. Conclusions. The present study’s findings demonstrate that for older adults aged 50 years presence of morbid obesity is a strongest predictor for receipt of formal care, and their well-being is not associated with formal or informal care receipt. The findings on how wider lifestyle factors influence the number of social care receipts, from different sources, may help policymakers and healthcare providers to allocate limited resources for adult social care services and promote healthy ageing rather than just focusing on weight loss alone.
The Emotional Impact of COVID-19 News Reporting: A Longitudinal Study Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Evans Simon L. , Jones Rosalind , Alkan Erkan , Sichman Jaime Simão , Haque Amanul , de Oliveira Francisco Bráulio Silva , Mougouei Davoud
Published: March 2023

The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing social restrictions has been profound, with widespread negative effects on mental health. We made use of the natural language processing and large-scale Twitter data to explore this in depth, identifying emotions in COVID-19 news content and user reactions to it, and how these evolved over the course of the pandemic. We focused on major UK news channels, constructing a dataset of COVID-related news tweets (tweets from news organisations) and user comments made in response to these, covering Jan 2020 to April 2021. Natural language processing was used to analyse topics and levels of anger, joy, optimism, and sadness. Overall, sadness was the most prevalent emotion in the news tweets, but this was seen to decline over the timeframe under study. In contrast, amongst user tweets, anger was the overall most prevalent emotion. Time epochs were defined according to the time course of the UK social restrictions, and some interesting effects emerged regarding these. Further, correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the emotions in the news tweets and the emotions expressed amongst the user tweets made in response, across all channels studied. Results provide unique insight onto how the dominant emotions present in UK news and user tweets evolved as the pandemic unfolded. Correspondence between news and user tweet emotional content highlights the potential emotional effect of online news on users and points to strategies to combat the negative mental health impact of the pandemic.
Development and Computer Simulation of the New Combined Process for Producing a Rebar Profile
Authors: Lezhnev Sergey , Naizabekov Abdrakhman , Panin Evgeniy , Tolkushkin Andrey , Kuis Dmitry , Kasperovich Andrey , Yordanova Rozina
Published: March 2023

The study presents results of computer simulation by finite elements method of a new metal forming process combining the deformation of a billet with round cross-section on a radial-shear rolling mill and subsequent billet twisting in a forming die with a specific design. To analyze the efficiency of metal processing, the main parameters of the stress–strain state are considered: effective strain, effective stress, average hydrostatic pressure, and Lode–Nadai coefficient. The maximum value of effective strain up to 13.5 is achieved when a screw profile on the billet in the die is forming, which indicates an intensive refinement of the initial structure of the billet. During combined process, the nature of the deformation changes in the transverse direction from the axis of rotation to the surface. The central area of the billet is under the action of tensile stresses. In the peripheral part, compressive stresses grow. In the surface area, Lode–Nadai coefficient is 0.1 approximately, which indicates the high level of shear strain.
The Experiences of Older Chinese Migrants with Chronic Diseases during COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Xiao Lily Dongxia , Tu Qiang , Bickford Jane , Muir-Cochrane Eimear
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to understand older Chinese migrants’ perceptions of social cohesion and access to health to manage chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. This study employed a qualitative descriptive study design. Participants were recruited from a Chinese community organisation in an Australian state. Data were collected via online interviews with participants using Zoom and WeChat Apps. A semistructured interview guide informed by the social determinants of health framework was used in the interview. The data collection period was between August and October, 2020. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis. In total, 24 participants including 17 older Chinese migrants with noncommunicable chronic diseases and seven family carers participated in the study. Of the 17 older Chinese migrants, 10 were male and seven were female. Their mean age was 76 years (ranging from 65 to 86) and they spoke little English. All seven carers were females with a mean age of 61 years (ranging from 35 to 76). Three main themes were identified in the study and described as: increased loneliness, anxiety, and depression; increased difficulties in accessing healthcare services; and various experiences in telehealth. In conclusion, older Chinese-Australians who spoke little English and lived with chronic diseases experienced the loss of their only social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic. They faced language barriers for accessing and utilising primary care to manage their chronic diseases when these care services were changed into telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings provide a clear direction for stakeholders to take actions to address the lack of social cohesion and health inequalities for the most vulnerable populations in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
45, X/ 46, X, psu idic (Y) (q11.2) Mosaicism in a Primary Amenorrhea Girl with Swyer Syndrome
Authors: Han Yu , Wu Jiebin , Tan Fangfang , Sha Jing , Zhang Bei , Zhai Jingfang , Wang Xuezhen
Published: March 2023

The female characters with a 46, XY karyotype, historically termed Swyer syndrome, are commonly divided into complete and partial gonadal dysgenesis. The former is completely made up of the 46, XY chromosome, while the latter results from 45, X/46, XY mosaicism. Both of them are sex chromosome disorders and are typically characterized by delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea due to disruption of the embryonic gonads into testes. In this report, we described a young female with mos 45, X [2]/46, X, psu idic (Y) (q11.2) [48] by karyotyping. Further copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) verified her chromosome alteration. The following gonadectomy and hormone replacement therapy were carried out, and the menstrual cycle recovered along with the development of bilateral breasts and uteruses. Herein, we aim to provide clinical management strategies for the patient with Swyer syndrome in clinical practice.
Accurate Identification of Breakpoints in a Cryptic Reciprocal Translocation by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Chen Juan , Lyu Gui-Zhen , Jiang Fan , Zhang Victor Wei , Li Dong-Zhi
Published: March 2023

Chromosomal abnormalities are a common cause of spontaneous abortions, but conventional detection methods (karyotype, FISH, and chromosomal microarray [CMA]) have limitations, and many cryptic balanced chromosomal rearrangements are difficult to detect. We describe a couple who experienced a missed abortion, studied by CMA. CMA of the abortion tissue detected a 1.62-Mb duplication at 14q11.2 and a 5.09-Mb deletion at 21q11.2q21.1, while the couple seemed to have a normal karyotype. Combining the results of CMA, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) breakpoint analysis, Sanger sequencing, and FISH, we found that the father was a 46,XY,t(14;21)(q11.2;q21.1) balanced translocation carrier. Our results indicate that WGS is an efficient and accurate approach to map breakpoints of cryptic reciprocal balanced translocations undetectable by standard karyotype.
Pathophysiological Gaps, Diagnostic Challenges, and Uncertainties in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ueberham Laura , Hagendorff Andreas , Klingel Karin , Paetsch Ingo , Jahnke Cosima , Kluge Theresa , Ebbinghaus Hans , Hindricks Gerhard , Laufs Ulrich , Dinov Borislav
Published: March 2023

Cardiac sarcoidosis can mimic any cardiomyopathy in different stages. Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation can be missed, because of the nonhomogeneous distribution in the heart. The current diagnostic criteria show discrepancies and are partly nonspecific and insensitive. Besides the diagnostic pitfalls, there are controversies in the understanding of the causes, genetic and environmental background, and the natural evolution of the disease. Here, we review the current pathophysiological aspects and gaps that are relevant for future cardiac sarcoidosis diagnostics and research.
Institutional Adaptation in Slow Motion: Zooming In on Desertification Governance
Authors: Laurens Noémie
Published: March 2023

The ability of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to keep pace with their changing circumstances is crucial for a more effective global environmental governance. Yet, we know little about how new institutional design features are taken up by MEAs, allowing them to evolve over time. Building on Kingdon’s multiple streams theory, I conceive the development of new institutional design features as the association between streams of problems, solutions, and political receptivity at critical moments. I apply this framework to two features introduced within the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) framework and find that the main design entrepreneurs were the UNCCD Secretariat and independent scientists. The article provides important insight into characteristics that can make MEAs more adaptive. Namely, treaty bodies able to generate feedback about problems, push for solutions, and provide windows of opportunity for advocates to present and revise their proposals are found critical to the development of new design features.
On Meme Work
Authors: Knapp Ivan
Published: March 2023

While memes have been implicated in a loosening of the boundary between illusion and reality during the rise of Trumpism and the COVID-19 pandemic, they have been afforded scarce attention from a psychoanalytic perspective. This essay proposes that Sigmund Freud's language on dream-work can be used to describe the psychical work that these digital items effect. If Freud's terms identify the operations by which unconscious fantasies are inscribed in certain cultural artefacts, their resonance with memetic characteristics suggests that the meme may be a privileged form for investigating the mass mediation of group dynamics. Drawing on the work of psychoanalysts such as Stephen Mitchell, Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, René Kaës, and Didier Anzieu, this text explores how their theoretical frameworks might enrich a conceptualization of the role that memes play within the psychic life of groups.
Genetic data confirms the enigmatic demosponge Janulum as haplosclerid
Authors: ERPENBECK DIRK , VAN SOEST ROB W.M. , WÖRHEIDE GERT , KELLY MICHELLE
Published: March 2023

Historically, sponge classification is based on the interpretation of morphological characters, whose phylogenetic information content is frequently limited, subject to homoplasies, or prone to environmental plasticity (e.g., Chombard et al. 1998). Therefore, the currently accepted order-level classification of its largest class, Demospongiae, has been largely revised with molecular phylogenetic data (Morrow & Cárdenas 2015). Nevertheless, numerous sponge genera with ambiguous or provisoric phylogenetic placement still await definite classification.
Songkhramodopsis gen. nov., a new genus of Cypridopsinae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Thailand
Authors: SAVATENALINTON SUKONTHIP
Published: March 2023

A new genus and species of subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900, Songkhramodopsis meischi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Songkhram River Basin, Thailand. The prominent diagnostic characters of the new genus mainly exist in antennula (A1), antenna (A2) and third thoracopod (T3): the six-segmented A1, the strongly serrated claw G2 on the female A2, the large aesthetasc Y with remarkably large and striated third section and the completely separated terminal segment of T3. The A1 with six segments, together with the distinctive morphology of aesthetasc Y, have been recognized for the first time in the Cypridopsinae. A new tribe, Songkhramodopsini trib. nov., is also erected to accommodate this exceptional new genus and species. The new taxon is also characterized by the left valve overlapping the right valve, the anterior and posterior inner list on both valves, the widely inwardly displaced posterior selvage on right valve, the bifurcate-like tip of an apical ventral seta on A1 first segment, the absence of d1 seta on second thoracopod (T2), the divided penultimate segment of T2, the female caudal ramus with cylindrical base, the very small number of spiny whorls of Zenker organ. A key to tribes of Cypridopsinae is provided.
Revisionary notes on the genus Paraphysifer Sinaiko & Dietrich, 2020 (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. , SINAIKO GUY
Published: March 2023

The monotypical genus Paraphysifer Sinaiko & Dietrich, 2020 is revised. The type species of the genus, Paraphysifer wilsoni Sinaiko & Dietrich, 2020, is placed in synonymy under Psammotettix pictipennis (Kirschbaum, 1868), with a new combination proposed—Paraphysifer pictipennis (Kirschbaum, 1868), comb. n. Psammotettix narsikulovi Dlabola, 1960, P. salsuginosus Logvinenko, 1961, and P. perpictus Logvinenko, 1978 are transferred to the genus Paraphysifer with new combinations proposed—Paraphysifer narsikulovi (Dlabola, 1960), comb. n., P. salsuginosus (Logvinenko, 1961), comb. n., and P. perpictus (Logvinenko, 1978), comb. n. Key to species of Paraphysifer given. Relationships of Paraphysifer and Psammotettix Haupt, 1929 are discussed.
1. Damaged Roots
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

Susan Fairhurst was born on 24 May 1885 in Bolton, Lancashire. Her father, William Fairhurst, was a journalist, sub-editor of the Bolton Evening News. Her mother, a milliner before marriage, had eleven pregnancies, of whom Susan was the seventh of the eight to survive their first birthday. Her father was a forceful, highly energetic character who was active in the Methodist church. The home was intellectually active, full of books and lively conversation. Susan’s early life was marked by tragedy and loss. When she was seven months old, the brother next eldest to her in age died of measles. Then, after the birth of her youngest child four years after Susan, her mother died of a chronic illness when Susan was six years old.

Shortly afterwards, her father married the nurse who had looked after his wife during her terminal illness. Susan disliked her stepmother and became rebellious both at home and school. In her early teens she lost her religious faith. As a consequence, her father withdrew her from school at the age of fourteen. Her brothers all left home after altercations with their father, so Susan’s later teen years were spent in the company of her sisters.
3. An Academic Marriage
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

Susan was not happy at Cambridge, where, for two years from 1912, she was attached to Newnham College. Compared to Manchester, she found it élitist and patriarchal. Her research project, a study of the use of imagery in spelling, was uninspiring, but she completed it over two years, and a peer-reviewed paper emerged from the findings. She was to carry out no further experimental work.

In 1914, she obtained a post as Mistress of Method in the Infant Department of Darlington Training College. Here she made an impression on her students as a gifted, inspiring, demanding teacher.

While at Manchester, Susan had begun a relationship with William Brierley, a brilliant botany student. They had many common interests. She had continued to visit him while at Cambridge and, during her year at Darlington, they decided to marry. At that time, it was not permitted for women to remain in employment after marriage, so in 1914 Susan resigned her job after a year. The couple lived in a suburb of Manchester for the first year of their married life, while they both worked in academic departments in the University there. Shortly after their marriage, war with Germany was declared and William enlisted. He was invalided out of the Army in 1916. In the meantime, he had been appointed to a post as a botanist in Kew Gardens. Shortly afterwards, in 1918, he was appointed Head of the Department of Mycology in the newly established agricultural research station in Rothamsted, Hertfordshire.