bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persiguiendo con imparcialidad “el total desprecio a la Constitución”: el léxico valorativo en la Querella del Fiscal de Cataluña contra Carme Forcadell i Lluís
Authors: Garofalo Giovanni
Published: January 2018

Se propone un estudio semántico-discursivo de las dos querellas presentadas por la Fiscalía Superior de Cataluña contra D.ª Carme Forcadell i Lluís, presidenta del Parlamento de Cataluña, y contra los miembros de la Mesa del Parlamento catalán por los delitos de desobediencia y prevaricación. Compaginando las metodologías del análisis de sentimiento, de la lingüística del corpus y de la teoría de la valoración, este estudio desmiente la idea de que la querella solicita de forma imparcial la aplicación de normas generales a casos concretos. Lejos de ser fácticos o ideacionales, los enunciados del fiscal están cargados de significados interpersonales y manifiestan implicación subjetiva con una vehemencia aledaña de la invectiva política.
Lingüística de corpus y fraseología contrastiva (alemán-español): Las combinaciones usuales de estructura [PREP + S]. El caso de entre lágrimas y unter Tränen
Authors: Mansilla Pérez Ana Belén
Published: January 2018

En el presente artículo analizamos la fijación externa e interna que presenta el binomio [entre + S] con artículo cero en español, y sus equivalentes en alemán en las combinaciones usuales entre lágrimas y unter Tränen. Los datos son extraídos del corpus DeReKo (Das Deutsche Referenzkorpus) y del Sketch Engine, deTenTen 13 y eseuTenTen11. En primer lugar, presentamos los objetivos del proyecto en el que este trabajo está enmarcado. En un segundo punto exponemos las diferentes aplicaciones de la lingüística de corpus en el ámbito de la fraseología. Por último, en base a los corpus consultados comentamos convergencias o divergencias más notables de las combinaciones usuales objeto de estudio.
Assessing EPAP lexical features: A corpus-based study
Authors: Marín María José , Rea Rizzo Camino
Published: January 2018

The features of specialised languages have been extensively described by scholars in the literature. Amongst them, Enrique Alcaraz’s work stands out as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of EPAP at all linguistic levels: lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. This research aims to provide a bottom-up assessment of his description on a lexical level through the implementation of corpus-based techniques on two specialised corpora of legal and telecommunications English. The results support Alcaraz’s portrayal as regards term usage, the relevance of sub-technical vocabulary, the peculiarities of Latin single and multi word terms in legal English and the significant presence and usage of abbreviations in telecommunications English.
Corpus-driven insights into the discourse of women survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Sánchez-Moya Alfonso
Published: January 2018

Despite its ubiquity, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is still under-researched from a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) perspective. Thus, this paper investigates the discourse of women survivors of IPV focusing on a corpus-driven examination of the data. This is done after applying the text-analysis software tool LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) to a 120,000-word corpus collected from an anonymised, public, online forum available to IPV survivors. I contrast a plethora of linguistic phenomena in three online communities embedded within this forum (‘Is it Abuse?’, ‘Getting out’ and ‘Life after abuse’) in the attempt to sketch out how the discursive output varies across these three stages. This paper shows how pronominal distribution plays a role in the forging of collective identity. Differences in the emotional tone across the three explored groups are also identified. Useful though these corpus-driven pointers may be, this study also warns of the precaution with which findings solely deriving from quantitative analyses need to be treated.
Comercio anfórico tardorrepublicano en Malaca: las importaciones de calle Beatas-esquina Ramón Franquelo (Málaga, España)
Authors: Mateo Corredor Daniel , Mayorga Mayorga José Francisco
Published: January 2018

Se presenta un estudio tipológico, ceramológico y cuantitativo del conjunto anfórico procedente de la intervención realizada en la calle Beatas-esquina Ramón Franquelo en 1997. El yacimiento posee evidencias de ocupación durante el Alto y Bajo Imperio, pero sin duda, destaca la fase tardopúnica o romano-republicana, en la que junto a la presencia de un espacio funerario, se registraron depósitos con una gran cantidad de material anfórico, que hemos datado en torno al segundo cuarto del s. I a.C. Es resaltable la importante presencia de importaciones vinarias itálicas, pero también una abundante llegada de aceite de fuera de la península ibérica, como testimonian las ánforas Africanas Antiguas y de Brindisi, de las que se presentan varios sellos. Amén de aportar datos y precisiones cronológicas sobre el área funeraria y artesanal del suburbium septentrional de la Malaca tardopúnica, el conjunto analizado constituye un excepcional documento
para el análisis de su dinámica comercial.
Dos vasos caliciformes amb inscripció ibèrica ante cocturam del Museu de Figuerola del Camp i el seu espectacular conjunt de falsos
Authors: Ferrer i Jané Joan
Published: January 2018

En aquest treball es presenta una nova lectura de dues inscripcions ibèriques realitzades sobre dos vasos caliciformes de procedència desconeguda de la col·lecció de la Fundació Privada Catalana per a l’Arqueologia Ibèrica que van ser publicades el 2005. A la primera inscripció s’hi identifica un text formular complet, probablement votiu, estructurat en almenys dos segments formats per la combinació múltiple de cinc elements ja coneguts: i?e, bidia, dos cops, bene, baikar i ban, tres cops. Entre ells cal destacar l’element bidia, fins ara només conegut als plats de plata d’Abengibre en inscripcions en escriptura ibèrica sud-oriental. El segon vas presenta un estat de conservació precari que dificulta la lectura de la inscripció, però a més de l’element iusdis, possible variant d’iunstir, podria estar format exclusivament per antropònims. Les altres catorze inscripcions ibèriques del museu són, al meu parer, falses, inclosa la inscripció pintada publicada juntament amb els dos vasos caliciformes.
Poblados, cuevas, cobertizos y refugios de la Edad del Bronce: la aportación del Cerro de los Purgaticos (La Canyada, Alicante)
Authors: Jover Maestre Francisco Javier , Moratalla Jávega Jesús , Martínez Monleón Sergio , Segura Herrero Gabriel
Published: January 2018

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la excavación arqueológica efectuada en el pequeño yacimiento de la Edad del Bronce del cerro de los Purgaticos (La Canyada, Alicante). A partir de sus características esenciales se discute la hipótesis que viene a considerar que, además de asentamientos o lugares de residencia habituales durante la Edad del Bronce en las tierras del levante peninsular, una parte de los yacimientos de pequeño tamaño pudieron ser establecimientos complementarios en la gestión organizativa y productiva en los espacios apropiados. A las cuevas empleadas en muy diversos menesteres, ahora debemos contemplar que algunos enclaves al aire libre también pudieron funcionar como lugares de residencia ocasional o temporal, cobertizos o refugios-redil.
Una prueba de cuño en plomo de Nertobis
Authors: Ripollès Alegre Pere Pau , Corés Uría Gonzalo , Gozalbes Fernández de Palencia Manuel
Published: January 2018

La colección de G. Cores (Madrid) conserva una singular pieza numismática de procedencia desconocida. Se trata de una placa de plomo triangular, casi isósceles, sobre la que aparece impreso el anverso de una unidad de bronce de Nertobis del tipo ACIP 1601.
The tomb mosaic of Fl(avius) Rogatianus at Forum Traiani (Oristano, Sardinia)
Authors: Quattrocchi Luigi
Published: January 2018

En el artículo se estudia un mosaico funerario hallado en Forum Traiani (Oristano, Cerdeña). Este mosaico es poco conocido y necesita un estudio para poderlo fecharlo en ausencia de datos de excavación. Además, se intenta poner este mosaico dentro del fenómeno de los mosaicos funerarios en Cerdeña.
MUTUAL ADAPTATION OF INTEREST RATES ON THE MONEY MARKET // MEĐUSOBNA PRILAGOĐAVANJA KAMATNIH STOPA NA TRŽIŠTU NOVCA
Authors: Vujnović-Gligorić Bogdana , Uremović Nina , Galijašević Zumreta
Published: January 2018

Along with the process of globalization, interest rates have become a significant benchmark for the effectiveness of banking policies in the money market. In this regard, the focus of the research is the interdependence of central bank interest rates and interest rates on the interbank money market (EONIA, EURIBOR, LIBOR SONIA and OIS). The paper analyzes the movement of reference interest rates and their variability over time, depending on the effect that the monetary authorities want to achieve. Interest rates on interbank money market and interdependence in the movements of interest rates in the period from 2006 till 2016 have been examined and a positive correlation between them was found. In contrast, the reference interest rates of the leading central banks were moving in line with the monetary authorities’ objectives, so the movements had different directions.During the observed period, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina adjusted the interest rates on the financial markets of euro denominated instruments and yields. The correlation between the interest rates of the European Central Bank for the main refinancing operations and the average weighted interest rate of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina is justified by the use of the currency board in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
AIR TRANSPORT MARKET CHALLENGES IN THE SOUTHEAST EUROPE
Authors: Škurla Babić Ružica , Mišetić Ivan , Bajić Andrej
Published: January 2018

Air transport industry is one of the very important businesses worldwide. The global recession in the years 2008/2009 and regional economic crisis in the countries of Southeast Europe have caused domestic demand weakening for air travel. At the same time, high increase of competition on the air transport market in the period 2008-2016 made positive influence on flows of people, goods, capital, technology and ideas. State of the economy and air transport industry in the Southeast Europe countries has been analyzed in all-important segments including airlines, airports and air navigation services. Air transport regional market is still undeveloped with relatively weak connections within the region. Financial achievements for selected dominant airlines in the Southeast Europe region are showing negative result and questionable sustainability of the business models in the future. Analysis of air transport infrastructure within the Southeast Europe region shows relatively low level of performance indicators compared to 136 countries worldwide in the year 2017. Implementation of different restructuring measures and strategy improvements are necessary for the future surviving perspective of air transport Southeast Europe regional market.
Evaluating the adaptive evolutionary convergence of carnivorous plant taxa through functional genomics
Authors: Wheeler Gregory L , Carstens Bryan C
Published: January 2018

Carnivorous plants are striking examples of evolutionary convergence, displaying complex and often highly similar adaptations despite lack of shared ancestry. Using available carnivorous plant genomes along with non-carnivorous reference taxa, this study examines the convergence of functional overrepresentation of genes previously implicated in plant carnivory. Gene Ontology (GO) coding was used to quantitatively score functional representation in these taxa, in terms of proportion of carnivory-associated functions relative to all functional sequence. Statistical analysis revealed that, in carnivorous plants as a group, only two of the 24 functions tested showed a signal of substantial overrepresentation. However, when the four carnivorous taxa were analyzed individually, 11 functions were found to be significant in at least one taxon. Though carnivorous plants collectively may show overrepresentation in functions from the predicted set, the specific functions that are overrepresented vary substantially from taxon to taxon. While it is possible that some functions serve a similar practical purpose such that one taxon does not need to utilize both to achieve the same result, it appears that there are multiple approaches for the evolution of carnivorous function in plant genomes. Our approach could be applied to tests of functional convergence in other systems provided on the availability of genomes and annotation data for a group.
An optimized method for 3D fluorescence co-localization applied to human kinetochore protein architecture
Authors: Suzuki Aussie , Long Sarah K , Salmon Edward D
Published: January 2018

Two-color fluorescence co-localization in 3D (three-dimension) has the potential to achieve accurate measurements at the nanometer length scale. Here, we optimized a 3D fluorescence co-localization method that uses mean values for chromatic aberration correction to yield the mean separation with ~10 nm accuracy between green and red fluorescently labeled protein epitopes within single human kinetochores. Accuracy depended critically on achieving small standard deviations in fluorescence centroid determination, chromatic aberration across the measurement field, and coverslip thickness. Computer simulations showed that large standard deviations in these parameters significantly increase 3D measurements from their true values. Our 3D results show that at metaphase, the protein linkage between CENP-A within the inner kinetochore and the microtubule-binding domain of the Ndc80 complex within the outer kinetochore is on average ~90 nm. The Ndc80 complex appears fully extended at metaphase and exhibits the same subunit structure in vivo as found in vitro by crystallography.
Stat-tracks and mediotypes: powerful tools for modern ichnology based on 3D models
Authors: Belvedere Matteo , Bennett Matthew R. , Marty Daniel , Budka Marcin , Reynolds Sally C. , Bakirov Rashid
Published: January 2018

Vertebrate tracks are subject to a wide distribution of morphological types. A single trackmaker may be associated with a range of tracks reflecting individual pedal anatomy and behavioural kinematics mediated through substrate properties which may vary both in space and time. Accordingly, the same trackmaker can leave substantially different morphotypes something which must be considered in creating ichnotaxa. In modern practice this is often captured by the collection of a series of 3D track models. We introduce two concepts to help integrate these 3D models into ichnological analysis procedures. The mediotype is based on the idea of using statistically-generated three-dimensional track models (median or mean) of the type specimens to create a composite track to support formal recognition of a ichno type. A representative track (mean and/or median) is created from a set of individual reference tracks or from multiple examples from one or more trackways. In contrast, stat-tracks refer to other digitally generated tracks which may explore variance. For example, they are useful in: understanding the preservation variability of a given track sample; identifying characteristics or unusual track features; or simply as a quantitative comparison tool. Both concepts assist in making ichnotaxonomical interpretations and we argue that they should become part of the standard procedure when instituting new ichnotaxa. As three-dimensional models start to become a standard in publications on vertebrate ichnology, the mediotype and stat-track concepts have the potential to help guiding a revolution in the study of vertebrate ichnology and ichnotaxonomy.
A streptomycin resistance marker inH. parasuisbased on site-directed mutations inrpsLgene to perform unmarked in-frame mutations and to verify natural transformation
Authors: Dai Ke , Wen Xintian , Chang Yung-Fu , Cao Sanjie , Zhao Qin , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Rui , Huang Yong , Yan Qigui , Han Xinfeng , Ma Xiaoping , Wen Yiping
Published: January 2018

Haemophilus parasuisis a member of the familyPasteurellaceaeand a major causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This bacterium is normally a benign swine commensal but may become a deadly pathogen upon penetration into multiple tissues, contributing to severe lesions in swine. We have established a successive natural transformation-based markerless mutation system in this species. However, the two-step mutation system requires screening of natural competent cells, and cannot delete genes which regulate natural competence per se. In this study, we successfully obtained streptomycin-resistant derivatives fromH. parasuiswild type strain SC1401 by using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS, CH3SO2OC2H5). Upon sequencing and site-directed mutations, we uncovered that the EMS-induced point mutation inrpsLat codon 43rd (AAA → AGA; K43R) or at 88th (AAA → AGA; K88R) confers a much higher streptomycin resistance than clinical isolates. We have applied the streptomycin resistance marker as a positive selection marker to perform homologous recombination through conjugation and successfully generated a double unmarked in-frame targeted mutant 1401D88△tfox△arcA. Combined with a natural transformation-based knockout system and this genetic technique, multiple deletion mutants or attenuated strains ofH. parasuiscan be easily constructed. Moreover, the mutant genetic markerrpsLand streptomycin resistant phenotypes can serve as an effective tool to select naturally competent strains, and to verify natural transformation quantitatively.
The life hope of elderly: profile assessment and Herth Scale / A esperança de vida dos idosos: avaliação pelo perfil e a Escala de Herth
Authors: De Oliveira Letícia Maria , Silva Sara Magalhães , Lima Eliane de Fatima Almeida , Gomes Maria das Graças Cunha , Olympio Paula Cristina de Andrade Pires
Published: January 2018

Objetivos: Avaliar o nível de esperança de vida e traçar o perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde e riscos sociais dos idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado na Universidade Aberta á Terceira Idade (UnATI) de Vitória, ES, com amostra de 52 idosos, com aplicação do questionário da caracterização do Perfil e da Escala de Esperança de Herth. Resultados: Foram realizadas análises descritivas. Prevaleceu o sexo feminino (86,5%), idosos com 65 a 75 anos (26,9% da amostra), casados e viúvos (38,4 %), 82,6% com doença crônica diagnosticada e a esperança com escore médio total de 35,88 (± 4,42). Este escore apresentou alto, identificando índice de esperança satisfatório. Conclusão: Evidenciou a importância de grupos de convivência na Terceira Idade e a esperança foi encarada como uma possível saída do ciclo do sofrimento e avaliada como um conforto para a população idosa, perante a essencialidade de um envelhecer com saúde, dignidade e autonomia.
Teaching work of nursing and the impact on the health-disease process / Trabalho docente de enfermagem e as repercussões no processo saúde-doença
Authors: Ferreira Brecht D'Oliveira Camila Arantes , Muller Almeida Caroline , Valéria Dantas de Oliveira Souza Norma , Pires Ariane , Veiga Madriaga Luiz Carlos , Christina Mó Y Mó Loureiro Varella Thereza
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: identificar as facilidades e as dificuldades presentes no trabalho docente de enfermagem; e analisar as repercussões do contexto de trabalho do docente de enfermagem no processo saúde-doença destes trabalhadores. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida numa faculdade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram 16 docentes de enfermagem. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de julho a agosto de 2014, utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se que há mais situações que dificultam o trabalho docente do que o favorece, e que tais situações complicadoras estão intimamente ligadas a uma política neoliberal. Conclusão: a configuração do trabalho docente repercute negativamente na saúde, resultando em estresse, cansaço e sobrecarga emocional e física. Faz-se necessário que os serviços de saúde do trabalhador desenvolvam ações que neutralizem os efeitos negativos no processo saúde-doença dos docentes.
Validation of educational game for adolescents about the sexuality topic / Validação de jogo educativo sobre sexualidade para adolescentes
Authors: De Sousa Marciano Gonçalves , De Oliveira Elyssa Mayra Lacerda , Coelho Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo , Miranda Karla Correia Lima , Henriques Ana Ciléia Pinto Teixeira , Cabral Riksberg Leite
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Validar jogo educativo sobre sexualidade para adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo e aparência por dezesseis juízes especialistas selecionados por conveniência de acordo com os critérios de Fehring adaptados. Calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e o teste exato de distribuição binominal e o coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach com base nas respostas de questionário. Aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Metropolitana da Grande Fortaleza sob CAAE 32613514.2.0000.5618 Resultados: A avaliação apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93, concordância de aparência com a proporção de 93%, caracterizando o jogo como um instrumento válido. O coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach total do jogo foi de 0,88, configurando boa consistência interna nas respostas dos juízes. Conclusão: O material final está validado e pode ser utilizado nas práticas educativas sobre sexualidade ao público-alvo.
Mental health services: perception of nursing in relation to overload and working conditions / Serviços de saúde mental: percepção da enfermagem em relação à sobrecarga e condições de trabalho
Authors: Alves Sidnei Roberto , Dos Santos Reginaldo Passoni , Oliveira Raquel Gusmão , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem em relação à sobrecarga e condições de trabalho em serviços psiquiátricos hospitalares. Método: Estudo descritivo, analítico e exploratório, desenvolvido a partir do referencial de Bardin. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a maio de 2013 com 70 profissionais de enfermagem, aplicando-se a Escala de Avaliação do Impacto do Trabalho em Serviços de Saúde Mental. Obteve-se o Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética sob nº 13676913.2.0000.5539. Resultados: Da análise de conteúdo emergiram três categorias: As causas da sobrecarga de trabalho; Aspectos que aliviam a sobrecarga; Mudanças propostas para diminuir a sobrecarga. Considerações finais: Falta de recursos humanos e relações interpessoais conflituosas incrementam a sobrecarga, ao passo que a infraestrutura física do ambiente influencia negativamente nas condições de trabalho.Descritores: Enfermagem, Saúde mental, Recursos humanos.
Health education shares in the context of chronic diseases: integrative review / Ações de educação em saúde no contexto das doenças crônicas: revisão integrativa
Authors: Azevedo Priscylla Rique de , Sousa Mailson Marques de , Souza Nailze Figueiredo de , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: analisar estudos desenvolvidos sobre ações educativas em saúde no contexto das doenças crônicas. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos publicados no período de 2008 a 2014 nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCIELO, IBECS e BDENF. Os descritores utilizados para busca dos artigos foram: doença crônica e educação em saúde. Foram encontrados vinte artigos disponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: verificou-se que a maioria dos estudos são pesquisas de intervenção desenvolvidas por enfermeiros. A análise possibilitou identificação de uma diversidade de metodologias de educação em saúde desenvolvidas junto a pessoas com doenças crônicas evidenciando experiências positivas para o controle das mesmas. Conclusão: a revisão possibilita aos profissionais de saúde o conhecimento e prática de metodologias aplicadas que podem servir como base para o ensino, pesquisa e extensão junto aos usuários. Destaca-se a necessidade de intensificação de estudos nacionais sobre a temática.
Negative Aerosol‐Cloud re Relationship From Aircraft Observations Over Hebei, China
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Qiu Yanmei , Dong Xiaobo , Wang Zhien , Peng Yiran , Li Baodong , Wu Zhihui , Wang Yang
Published: January 2018

Using six flights observations in September 2015 over Hebei, China, this study shows a robust negative aerosol‐cloud droplet effective radius (re) relationship for liquid clouds, which is different from previous studies that found positive aerosol‐cloud re relationship over East China using satellite observations. A total of 27 cloud samples was analyzed with the classification of clean and polluted conditions using lower and upper 1/3 aerosol concentration at 200 m below the cloud bases. By normalizing the profiles of cloud droplet re, we found significant smaller values under polluted than under clean condition at most heights. Moreover, the averaged profiles of cloud liquid water content (LWC) show larger values under polluted than clean conditions, indicating even stronger negative aerosol‐cloud re relationship if LWC is kept constant. The droplet size distributions further demonstrate that more droplets concentrate within smaller size ranges under polluted conditions. Quantitatively, the aerosol‐cloud interaction is found around 0.10–0.19 for the study region.
Investigating Gravity Waves in Polar Mesospheric Clouds Using Tomographic Reconstructions of AIM Satellite Imagery
Authors: Hart V. P. , Taylor M. J. , Doyle T. E. , Zhao Y. , Pautet P.‐D. , Carruth B. L. , Rusch D. W. , Russell J. M.
Published: January 2018

This research presents the first application of tomographic techniques for investigating gravity wave structures in polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) imaged by the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size instrument on the NASA AIM satellite. Albedo data comprising consecutive PMC scenes were used to tomographically reconstruct a 3‐D layer using the Partially Constrained Algebraic Reconstruction Technique algorithm and a previously developed “fanning” technique. For this pilot study, a large region (760 × 148 km) of the PMC layer (altitude ~83 km) was sampled with a ~2 km horizontal resolution, and an intensity weighted centroid technique was developed to create novel 2‐D surface maps, characterizing the individual gravity waves as well as their altitude variability. Spectral analysis of seven selected wave events observed during the Northern Hemisphere 2007 PMC season exhibited dominant horizontal wavelengths of ~60–90 km, consistent with previous studies. These tomographic analyses have enabled a broad range of new investigations. For example, a clear spatial anticorrelation was observed between the PMC albedo and wave‐induced altitude changes, with higher‐albedo structures aligning well with wave troughs, while low‐intensity regions aligned with wave crests. This result appears to be consistent with current theories of PMC development in the mesopause region. This new tomographic imaging technique also provides valuable wave amplitude information enabling further mesospheric gravity wave investigations, including quantitative analysis of their hemispheric and interannual characteristics and variations.
Ionospheric Trend Over Wuhan During 1947–2017: Comparison Between Simulation and Observation
Authors: Yue Xinan , Hu Lianhuan , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing , Ning Baiqi
Published: January 2018

Since Roble and Dickinson (1989), who drew the community's attention about the greenhouse gas effect on the ionosphere, huge efforts have been implemented on ionospheric climate study. However, direct comparison between observations and simulations is still rare. Recently, the Wuhan ionosonde observations were digitized and standardized through unified method back to 1947. In this study, the NCAR‐TIEGCM was driven by Mauna Loa Observatory observed CO2 level and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) geomagnetic field to simulate their effects on ionospheric long‐term trend over Wuhan. Only March equinox was considered in both data analysis and simulation. Simulation results show that the CO2 and geomagnetic field have comparable effect on hmF2 trend, while geomagnetic field effect is stronger than CO2 on foF2 trend over Wuhan. Both factors result in obvious but different diurnal variations of foF2/hmF2 long‐term trends. The geomagnetic field effect is nonlinear versus years since the long‐term variation of geomagnetic field intensity and orientation is complex. Mean value of foF2 and hmF2 trend is (−0.0021 MHz/yr, −0.106 km/yr) and (−0.0022 MHz/yr, −0.0763 km/yr) for observation and simulation, respectively. Regarding the diurnal variation of the trend, the simulation accords well with that of observation except hmF2 results around 12 UT. Overall, good agreement between observation and simulation illustrates the good quality of Wuhan ionosonde long‐term data and the validity of ancient ionosphere reconstruction based on realistic indices driving simulation.
Fast Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Van Allen Probes: Testing Local Wave Excitation Mechanism
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Denton Richard E.
Published: January 2018

Linear Vlasov theory and particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations for electromagnetic fluctuations in a homogeneous, magnetized, and collisionless plasma are used to investigate a fast magnetosonic wave event observed by the Van Allen Probes. The fluctuating magnetic field observed exhibits a series of spectral peaks at harmonics of the proton cyclotron frequency Ωp and has a dominant compressional component, which can be classified as fast magnetosonic waves. Furthermore, the simultaneously observed proton phase space density exhibits positive slopes in the perpendicular velocity space, ∂fp/∂v⊥>0, which can be a source for these waves. Linear theory analyses and PIC simulations use plasma and field parameters measured in situ except that the modeled proton distribution is modified to have larger ∂fp/∂v⊥ under the assumption that the observed distribution corresponds to a marginally stable state when the distribution has already been scattered by the excited waves. The results show that the positive slope is the source of the proton cyclotron harmonic waves at propagation quasi‐perpendicular to the background magnetic field, and as a result of interactions with the excited waves the evolving proton distribution progresses approximately toward the observed distribution.
Interplanetary Parameters Leading to Relativistic Electron Enhancement and Persistent Depletion Events at Geosynchronous Orbit and Potential for Prediction
Authors: Pinto Victor A. , Kim Hee‐Jeong , Lyons Larry R. , Bortnik Jacob
Published: January 2018

We have identified 61 relativistic electron enhancement events and 21 relativistic electron persistent depletion events during 1996 to 2006 from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 and 10 using data from the Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) >2 MeV fluxes. We then performed a superposed epoch time analysis of the events to find the characteristic solar wind parameters that determine the occurrence of such events, using the OMNI database. We found that there are clear differences between the enhancement events and the persistent depletion events, and we used these to establish a set of threshold values in solar wind speed, proton density and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz that can potentially be useful to predict sudden increases in flux. Persistent depletion events are characterized by a low solar wind speed, a sudden increase in proton density that remains elevated for a few days, and a northward turning of IMF Bz shortly after the depletion starts. We have also found that all relativistic electron enhancement or persistent depletion events occur when some geomagnetic disturbance is present, either a coronal mass ejection or a corotational interaction region; however, the storm index, SYM‐H, does not show a strong connection with relativistic electron enhancement events or persistent depletion events. We have tested a simple threshold method for predictability of relativistic electron enhancement events using data from GOES 11 for the years 2007–2010 and found that around 90% of large increases in electron fluxes can be identified with this method.
Polar Frontal Migration in the Warm Late Pliocene: Diatom Evidence From the Wilkes Land Margin, East Antarctica
Authors: Taylor‐Silva B. I. , Riesselman C. R.
Published: January 2018

The late Pliocene is the most recent interval in Earth's history to sustain global temperatures within the range of warming predicted for the 21st century, providing an appealing analog for the changes we might encounter in the coming century. Published global reconstructions and climate models find an average +2° summer sea surface temperature anomaly relative to modern during the 3.3–3.0 Ma interval of the late Pliocene, when atmospheric CO2concentrations last reached 400 ppm. Here we present a new diatom‐based reconstruction of Pliocene interglacial sea surface conditions from IODP Site U1361, on the East Antarctic continental rise. We find that open ocean conditions in the mid‐Pliocene became increasingly influenced by sea ice from 3.6–3.2 Ma, prior to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. This cooling trend was interrupted by a temporary southward migration of the Antarctic Polar Front, bathing U1361 in subantarctic waters during a single interglacial—marine isotope stage KM3 (3.17–3.15 Ma)—after which sea ice returned. Building on the identification of this single outlier interglacial, we have revisited earlier reconstructions to explore the response of the Southern Ocean/cryosphere system to peak late Pliocene warmth. By applying a modern chronostratigraphic framework to those low‐resolution reconstructions, we identify the same frontal migration in four other cores in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, documenting a major migration of the polar front during a key interval of warm climate. These new results suggest that KM3 is a crucial interval to test ice sheet stability in the context of anthropogenic warming.
Divalent metal modulation of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) purinergic P2X7 receptor
Authors: Paredes Carolina , Li Shuo , Chen Xiaoli , Coddou Claudio
Published: January 2018

Paralichthys olivaceus P2X7 receptor (poP2X7R) is a recently identified as a P2X7 purinergic receptor involved in innate immunity of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Divalent metals are allosteric modulators of mammalian P2XRs, but there is no information for fish P2XRs. Here, we characterized the effects of divalent metals on poP2X7R channel activity by electrophysiology and molecular biology techniques. Copper, zinc and mercury inhibited poP2X7R‐mediated currents with different maximal inhibition potency, while cadmium had no effect on poP2X7R activity. Mercury‐induced inhibition was irreversible, but the inhibitory effects of copper and zinc were reversed after washout. Cooper and zinc also reduced poP2X7R‐mediated interleukin‐1 mRNA production. These findings suggest that divalent metals have potential effects on the Japanese flounder innate immune response through modulation of poP2X7R activity.
Goal (dis)engagement, emotions, and cognitions in an exam situation: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bermeitinger Christina , Hellweg Clara , Andree Christoph , Roick Julia , Ringeisen Tobias
Published: January 2018

Although a number of studies have addressed the interplay of achievement goals, cognitions, and emotions in academic settings, it remains largely unknown how the two latter change when students become aware that a performance goal was (un)accomplished. The current study used questionnaires assessing test‐related cognitions (perceived importance, interest, and attributions) and emotions before, during, and after an oral examination in order to investigate how students cope with a blocked academic goal. Students with blocked/unachieved goals devalued the importance of the examination, reported a decline in interest, and attributed the result more to external than internal reasons. Students who achieved their goal attributed the result equally to external and internal reasons and reported more gain‐related and less loss‐related emotions than unsuccessful students. The results indicate that students apply a goal disengagement strategy in order to cope with an unachieved goal as indicated by changes in cognitive and emotional processes alike.
Structure–Property Relations in Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Downscaling Solution Processing
Authors: Headrick Robert J. , Tsentalovich Dmitri E. , Berdegué Julián , Bengio Elie Amram , Liberman Lucy , Kleinerman Olga , Lucas Matthew S. , Talmon Yeshayahu , Pasquali Matteo
Published: January 2018

At the microscopic scale, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combine impressive tensile strength and electrical conductivity; however, their macroscopic counterparts have not met expectations. The reasons are variously attributed to inherent CNT sample properties (diameter and helicity polydispersity, high defect density, insufficient length) and manufacturing shortcomings (inadequate ordering and packing), which can lead to poor transmission of stress and current. To efficiently investigate the disparity between microscopic and macroscopic properties, a new method is introduced for processing microgram quantities of CNTs into highly oriented and well‐packed fibers. CNTs are dissolved into chlorosulfonic acid and processed into aligned films; each film can be peeled and twisted into multiple discrete fibers. Fibers fabricated by this method and solution‐spinning are directly compared to determine the impact of alignment, twist, packing density, and length. Surprisingly, these discrete fibers can be twice as strong as their solution‐spun counterparts despite a lower degree of alignment. Strength appears to be more sensitive to internal twist and packing density, while fiber conductivity is essentially equivalent among the two sets of samples. Importantly, this rapid fiber manufacturing method uses three orders of magnitude less material than solution spinning, expanding the experimental parameter space and enabling the exploration of unique CNT sources.
Superamphiphobic Coatings with Low Sliding Angles from Attapulgite/Carbon Composites
Authors: Dong Shuantao , Li Bucheng , Zhang Junping , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2018

Preparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low sliding angles (SAs) for liquids of low surface tension is challenging. Here, a simple and sustainable approach for preparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low SAs from attapulgite/carbon (APT/C) composites is reported. The coatings are prepared by hydrolytic condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane with the APT/C composites followed by spray‐coating onto substrates. The APT/C composites are prepared by pyrolysis of spent bleaching earth containing APT. The influences of pyrolysis temperature of spent bleaching earth and the APT/C concentration on superamphiphobicity and surface morphology of the coatings are studied. Carbon nanoparticles are formed on the APT nanorods in the pyrolysis process. The APT/C nanorods are wrapped and linked together by a layer of fluorinated polysiloxane (fluoroPOS). The coatings exhibit excellent superamphiphobicity with high contact angles (CAs) and low SAs even for n‐decane (CAn‐decane = 154.2°, SAn‐decane = 11.3°). This is because the new three‐tier micro‐/nano‐/nanostructure is constructed by the combination of APT nanorods, carbon nanoparticles, and fluoroPOS. Also, the superamphiphobic coatings show very good chemical and thermal stability. It is believed that this study will shed light on preparation of superamphiphobic coatings with low SAs via a simple, cost‐effective, and sustainable approach.
Chelation‐promoted Efficient C−H/N−H Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling between Picolinamides and Simple Ethers under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Yue Qiang , Xiao Zhen , Kuang Zhengkun , Su Zhengding , Zhang Qian , Li Dong
Published: January 2018

A highly efficient copper‐catalyzed C−H/N−H cross dehydrogenative coupling between picolinamides and simple ethers was developed. The reaction was promoted by the chelation assistance of removable picolinyl group and exhibited excellent TON and TOF number. This method was applicable to both N‐aryl and alkyl picolinamides as well as various cyclic and acyclic ethers with good functional group compatibility. It also possessed the merit of air and moisture tolerance and easy operation.

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First‐Principle‐Based Phonon Transport Properties of Nanoscale Graphene Grain Boundaries
Authors: Sandonas Leonardo Medrano , Sevinçli Hâldun , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: January 2018

The integrity of phonon transport properties of large graphene (linear and curved) grain boundaries (GBs) is investigated under the influence of structural and dynamical disorder. To do this, density functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method is combined with atomistic Green's function technique. The results show that curved GBs have lower thermal conductance than linear GBs. Its magnitude depends on the length of the curvature and out‐of‐plane structural distortions at the boundary, having stronger influence the latter one. Moreover, it is found that by increasing the defects at the boundary, the transport properties can strongly be reduced in comparison to the effect produced by heating up the boundary region. This is due to the large reduction of the phonon transmission for in‐plane and out‐of‐plane vibrational modes after increasing the structural disorder in the GBs.
Blood‐Capillary‐Inspired, Free‐Standing, Flexible, and Low‐Cost Super‐Hydrophobic N‐CNTs@SS Cathodes for High‐Capacity, High‐Rate, and Stable Li‐Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Yang , Xu Ji‐Jing , Chang Zhi‐Wen , Bao Di , Yin Yan‐Bin , Liu Tong , Yan Jun‐Min , Liu Da‐Peng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐Bo
Published: January 2018

With the rising demand for flexible and wearable electronic devices, flexible power sources with high energy densities are required to provide a sustainable energy supply. Theoretically, rechargeable, flexible Li‐O2/air batteries can provide extremely high specific energy densities; however, the high costs, complex synthetic methods, and inferior mechanical properties of the available flexible cathodes severely limit their practical applications. Herein, inspired by the structure of human blood capillary tissue, this study demonstrates for the first time the in situ growth of interpenetrative hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanotubes on the surface of stainless‐steel mesh (N‐CNTs@SS) for the fabrication of a self‐supporting, flexible electrode with excellent physicochemical properties via a facile and scalable one‐step strategy. Benefitting from the synergistic effects of the high electronic conductivity and stable 3D interconnected conductive network structure, the Li‐O2 batteries obtained with the N‐CNTs@SS cathode exhibit superior electrochemical performance, including a high specific capacity (9299 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1), an excellent rate capability, and an exceptional cycle stability (up to 232 cycles). Furthermore, as‐fabricated flexible Li‐air batteries containing the as‐prepared flexible super‐hydrophobic cathode show excellent mechanical properties, stable electrochemical performance, and superior H2O resistibility, which enhance their potential to power flexible and wearable electronic devices.
A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon‐Encapsulated, Cobalt‐Rich Core–Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Sivanantham Arumugam , Ganesan Pandian , Estevez Luis , McGrail B. Peter , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Shanmugam Sangaraju
Published: January 2018

The oxygen electrode plays a vital role in the successful commercialization of renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers. In this study, the Prussian blue analogue‐derived nitrogen‐doped nanocarbon (NC) layer‐trapped, cobalt‐rich, core–shell nanostructured electrocatalysts (core–shell Co@NC) are reported. The electrode exhibits an improved oxygen evolution activity and stability compared to that of the commercial noble electrodes. The core–shell Co@NC‐loaded nickel foam exhibits a lower overpotential of 330 mV than that of IrO2 on nickel foam at 10 mA cm−2 and has a durability of over 400 h. The commercial Pt/C cathode‐assisted, core–shell Co@NC–anode water electrolyzer delivers 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, which is 70 mV lower than that of the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer. Over the long‐term chronopotentiometry durability testing, the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer shows a cell voltage loss of 230 mV (14%) at 95 h, but the loss of the core–shell Co@NC–anode electrolyzer is only 60 mV (4%) even after 350 h cell‐operation. The findings indicate that the Prussian blue analogue is a class of inorganic nanoporous materials that can be used to derive metal‐rich, core–shell electrocatalysts with enriched active centers.
Globally optimal linear approach to the design of heat exchangers using threshold fouling modeling
Authors: Lemos Julia C. , Costa André L. H. , Bagajewicz Miguel J.
Published: January 2018

This article presents a method for the mathematical optimization of the design of heat exchangers including fouling rate modeling for the tube‐side. The description of the fouling rate in crude preheat trains of petroleum distillation units is commonly based on threshold models (Ebert‐Panchal model and its variants). Our formulation of the design problem employs a mixed‐integer linear programing approach; therefore the solution is the global optimum and common nonconvergence drawbacks of mixed‐integer nonlinear programming models are totally avoided. Three different examples are employed to compare the proposed approach with an optimization procedure using fixed fouling resistances. The results indicate that in two problems was possible to obtain design solutions associated to smaller heat exchangers. Additionally, three case studies are also explored to discuss how fouling is related to crude types, pressure drop manipulation, and energy integration. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2089–2102, 2018
Flow distribution of hydrocarbon fuel in parallel minichannels heat exchanger
Authors: Chen Yu , Lei Zhiliang , Zhang Tianhao , Zhu Quan , Bao Zewei , Zhang Qiyi , Li Xiang‐Yuan
Published: January 2018

In this article, the flow distribution of the Chinese No. 3 jet fuel in parallel minichannels heat exchanger under high temperature condition was investigated. The models of PFR and choked flow were established based on the real fluid model. The formation mechanism of flow maldistribution of the fuel in the freely distributed channels was studied. It was found that: under low heat flux, the slight flow rate deviation will be spontaneously eliminated; under high heat flux, the slight deviation of flow rate and heat flux will be enlarged and result in the channel with smaller flow rate entering the coking region. The feasibility and influence factors of the control method of flow distribution based on choked flow were discussed. The experimental results indicated that the minichannels fuel‐cooled plate with choked flow could maintain uniform flow distribution when the total fuel outlet temperature reached 1035 K. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2781–2791, 2018