bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant thermal switching in ferromagnetic VSe2 with programmable switching temperature
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhao Yunshan , Zhang Gang , Liu Chenhan
Published: November 2022

Active and reversible modulation in thermal conductivity can realize efficient heat energy management in many applications such as thermoelectrics.
The construction of a three-dimensional donor/acceptor interface based on a bilayered titanium dioxide nanorod array-flower for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gao Feng , Hong Weihua , Zhao Ziying , Zhang Chao , Deng Xiaoting , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2022

The application of B-TiO2-NAF provided a stable 3-D D/A interface and resulted in reduced electron trap density (ntrap), decreased carrier recombination resistance (Rs) and reduced nonradiative recombination.
Empowering non-covalent hydrogen, halogen, and [S–N]2 bonds in synergistic molecular assemblies on Au(111)
Authors: Barragán Ana , Lois Sara , Sarasola Ane , Vitali Lucia
Published: November 2022

We describe the synergistic assembly of two molecular networks through non-covalent bonds. These interactions are fundamental for designing self-assembled organic structures with potentially high responsiveness to mechanical, light, and thermal stimuli.
Progress in copper-catalysed/mediated intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Bhaskaran Rasmi P. , Nayak Kalinga H. , Sreelekha Mariswamy K. , Babu Beneesh P.
Published: November 2022

Recent progress in the copper-catalysed/mediated intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling is summarised in this review article.
Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide enabled by post-synthetic modification of a self-assembled porphyrin cube
Authors: Crawley Matthew R. , Zhang Daoyang , Cook Timothy R.
Published: November 2022

A self-assembled porphyrin cube can be metalated/transmetalated to contain fourteen cobalt ions in two different environments. The Co(ii) metalloporphyrin sites are electrocatalytically active to selectively generate hydrogen peroxide from oxygen.
Bifunctional tetrazole–carboxylate ligand based Zn(ii) complexes: synthesis and their excellent potential anticancer properties
Authors: Tan Li-Tao , Shen Ting-Xiao , Jiang Jing-Yi , Zhong Yu-Jie , Lin Fang-Qi , Xue Hong , Yao Yu-Xin , Jiang Xin , Shen Lei , He Xin
Published: November 2022

Two Zn(ii) complexes based on tetrazol were prepared. Nanoparticles of the complexes can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. This work provided a strategy on designing anticancer materials based on coordination complexes.
Preparation and bifunctional properties of the A-site-deficient SrTi0.3Fe0.6Ni0.1O3−δ perovskite
Authors: Xu Na , Zhang Jiyuan , Su Shaohui , Feng Jingdong , Xu Zhanlin
Published: November 2022

The development of efficient, non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for their application in energy storage devices, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Laser-induced fabrication of gold nanoparticles onto paper substrates and their application on paper-based electroanalytical devices
Authors: Arantes Iana V. S. , Ataide Vanessa N. , Ameku Wilson A. , Gongoni Juliana L. M. , Selva Jéssica S. G. , Nogueira Helton P. , Bertotti Mauro , Paixão Thiago R. L. C.
Published: November 2022

A fast approach for synthesizing gold nanoparticles over electrochemical paper-based devices is reported. The device was fabricated by paper laser pyrolysis carbonization followed by in situ laser synthesis of AuNPs.
Depletion attractions drive bacterial capture on both non-fouling and adhesive surfaces, enhancing cell orientation
Authors: Niu Wuqi Amy , Smith Morgan N. , Santore Maria M.
Published: November 2022

Depletion attractions drive bacterial adhesion on non-adhesive surfaces, enhance cell capture on adhesive surfaces, immobilize bacterial cells flat to a surface, and help align cells gentle flow.
Spray coating polymer substrates from a green solvent to enhance desalination performances of thin film composites
Authors: Lin Shiliang , He Shanshan , Sarwar Sulaiman , Milescu Roxana A. , McElroy Con R. , Dimartino Simone , Shao Lu , Lau Cher Hon
Published: November 2022

Spray coating creates highly porous polymer films that enhance pure water permeance by 7-fold, overcoming the trade-off between poor desalination performances and the sustainability offered by using green solvents in polymer membrane fabrication.
Large second harmonic generation in a penta-CdO2sheet exfoliated from its bulk phase
Authors: Hou Changsheng , Shen Yiheng , Wang Qian , Kawazoe Y. , Jena P.
Published: November 2022

A penta-CdO2sheet exfoliated from its bulk phase shows extraordinary in-plane and out-of-plane SHG responses with promising applications in optical devices.
Synchronized partial metal leaching and amphoteric N–P modification in MnO2 and VOx pseudocapacitor beyond its energy density limit
Authors: Lyu Lulu , Lee Gi-Hyeok , Lee Suwon , Park Mihui , Huang Huiling , Liu Xinghui , Kang Yong-Mook , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: November 2022

Cation vacancy-rich Mo, F-doped MnO2 and amphoteric N–P modified VOx are prepared with balanced capacitances and rate kinetics. Ex situ techniques disclose the impact of cation vacancy and dual anions on pseudocapacitive behavior of electrodes.
Spatiotemporal control over 3D protein nanocage superlattices for the hierarchical encapsulation and release of different cargo molecules
Authors: Zhang Xiaorong , Zeng Ruiqi , Zhang Tuo , Lv Chenyan , Zang Jiachen , Zhao Guanghua
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional ferritin nanocage superlattices can serve as a two-compartment system for the hierarchical encapsulation and release of two different cargoes in a spatiotemporally controlled manner.
Bio-inspired color-changing and self-healing hybrid hydrogels for wearable sensors and adaptive camouflage
Authors: Liu Han , Yu Long , Zhao Bingqian , Ni Yezhou , Gu Peng , Qiu Hua , Zhang Wan , Chen Kunlin
Published: November 2022

A novel color-changing and self-healing hybrid hydrogel was prepared by mixing the thermochromic dye microcapsules and photochromic dye microcapsules with the multi-branched polyacrylate.
Carbazole-substituted benzobisoxazoles: near-UV fluorescent emitters and ambipolar hosts for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wheeler David L. , Fisher Lloyd , Friederich Pascal , Cunningham Christopher , Muthike Angelar K. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Goodson Theodore , Jeffries-EL Malika
Published: November 2022

The design of organic light emitting diode (OLED) materials with the potential for exhibiting thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is reported.
Bandgap-tuned barium bismuth niobate double perovskite for self-powered photodetectors with a full-spectrum response
Authors: Dai Zhao Yang , Chen Chen , Wang Gen Shui , Lyu Yi Nong , Ma Nan
Published: November 2022

Bandgap-tuned barium bismuth niobate double perovskite is achieved for self-powered broadband photodetectors with excellent photosensing performance.
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey
Authors: Sana H. , Ramírez-Agudelo O. H. , Hénault-Brunet V. , Mahy L. , Almeida L. A. , de Koter A. , Bestenlehner J. M. , Evans C. J. , Langer N. , Schneider F. R. N. , Crowther P. A. , de Mink S. E. , Herrero A. , Lennon D. J. , Gieles M. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Renzo M. , Sabbi E. , van Loon J. Th. , Vink J. S.
Published: November 2022

Context. The origin of massive runaway stars is an important unsolved problem in astrophysics. Two main scenarios have been proposed, namely: dynamical ejection or release from a binary at the first core collapse. However, their relative contribution remains heavily debated.

Aims. Taking advantage of two large spectroscopic campaigns towards massive stars in 30 Doradus, we aim to provide observational constraints on the properties of the O-type runaway population in the most massive active star-forming region in the Local Group.

Methods. We used radial velocity measurements of the O-type star populations in 30 Doradus obtained by the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey and the Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring to identify single and binary O-type runaways. Here, we discuss the rotational properties of the detected runaways and qualitatively compare the observations with expectations of ejection scenarios.

Results. We identified 23 single and one binary O-type runaway objects, most of them located outside the main star-forming regions in 30 Doradus. We find an overabundance of rapid rotators (ve sin i > 200 km s−1) among the runaway population, thus providing an explanation for the observed overabundance of rapidly rotating stars in the 30 Doradus field. Considerations of the projected rotation rates and runaway line-of-sight velocities reveal a conspicuous absence of rapidly rotating (ve sin i > 210 km s−1), fast-moving (vlos > 60 km s−1) runaway stars in our sample, strongly suggesting the presence of two different populations of runaway stars: a population of rapidly spinning but slowly moving runaway stars and a population of fast-moving but slowly rotating ones. These are detected with a ratio close to 2:1 in our sample.

Conclusions. We argue that slowly moving but rapidly spinning runaway stars result from binary ejections, while rapidly moving but slowly spinning runaways could result from dynamical ejections. Given that detection biases will more strongly impact the slow-moving runaway population, our results suggest that the binary evolution scenario dominates the current massive runaway star population in 30 Doradus.
The uncertain interstellar medium of high-redshift quiescent galaxies: Impact of methodology
Authors: Gobat R. , D’Eugenio C. , Liu D. , Caminha G. B. , Daddi E. , Blánquez D.
Published: November 2022

How much gas and dust is contained in high-redshift quiescent galaxies (QGs) is currently an open question with relatively few and contradictory answers, as well as important implications for our understanding of the nature of star formation quenching processes at cosmic noon. Here we revisit far-infrared (FIR) observations of the REQUIEM-ALMA sample of six z = 1.6 − 3.2 QGs strongly lensed by intermediate-redshift galaxy clusters. We measured their continuum emission using priors obtained from high resolution near-infrared (NIR) imaging, as opposed to focusing on point-source extraction, converted it into dust masses using a FIR dust emission model derived from statistical samples of QGs, and compared the results to those of the reference work. We find that, while at least the most massive sample galaxy is indeed dust-poor, the picture is much more nuanced than previously reported. In particular, these more conservative constraints remain consistent with high dust fractions in early QGs. We find that these measurements are very sensitive to the adopted extraction method and conversion factors: the use of an extended light model to fit the FIR emission increases the flux of detections by up to 50% and the upper limit by up to a factor 6. Adding the FIR-to-dust conversion, this amounts to an order of magnitude difference in dust fraction, casting doubts on the power of these data to discriminate between star formation quenching scenarios. Unless these are identified by other means, mapping the dust and gas in high-redshift QGs will continue to require somewhat costly observations.
MASAVE: A mobile test system for audio-visual experiments at home
Authors: Strasser Ewald , Brand Thomas , Rennies Jan
Published: November 2022

We present a mobile apparatus for audio-visual experiments (MASAVE) that is easy to build with a low budget and which can run listening tests, pupillometry, and eye-tracking, e.g., for measuring listening effort and fatigue. The design goal was to keep the MASAVE at affordable costs and to enable shipping the preassembled system to the subjects for self-setup in home environments. Two experiments were conducted to validate the proposed system. In the first experiment we tested the reliability of speech perception data gathered using the MASAVE in a less controlled, rather noisy environment. Speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) were measured in a lobby versus a sound-attenuated boot. Results show that the data from both sites did not differ significantly and SRT measurements were possible even for speech levels as low as 40–45 dB SPL. The second experiment validated the usability of the preassembled system and the use of pupillometry measurements under conditions of darkness, which can be achieved by applying a textile cover over the MASAVE and the subject to block out light. The results suggest that the tested participants had no usability issues with setting up the system, that the temperature under the cover increased by several degrees only when the measurement duration was rather long, and that pupillometry measurements can be made with the proposed setup. Overall, the validations indicate that the MASAVE can serve as an alternative when lab testing is not possible, and to gather more data or to reach subject groups that are otherwise difficult to reach.
A second-order low-regularity correction of Lie splitting for the semilinear Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Li Buyang , Schratz Katharina , Zivcovich Franco
Published: November 2022

The numerical approximation of nonsmooth solutions of the semilinear Klein–Gordon equation in the d-dimensional space, with d = 1, 2, 3, is studied based on the discovery of a new cancellation structure in the equation. This cancellation structure allows us to construct a low-regularity correction of the Lie splitting method (i.e., exponential Euler method), which can significantly improve the accuracy of the numerical solutions under low-regularity conditions compared with other second-order methods. In particular, the proposed time-stepping method can have second-order convergence in the energy space under the regularity condition
$ (u,{\mathrm{\partial }}_tu)\in {L}^{\mathrm{\infty }}(0,T;{H}^{1+\frac{d}{4}}\times {H}^{\frac{d}{4}})$
. In one dimension, the proposed method is shown to have almost
$ \frac{4}{3}$
-order convergence in L∞(0, T; H1 × L2) for solutions in the same space, i.e., no additional regularity in the solution is required. Rigorous error estimates are presented for a fully discrete spectral method with the proposed low-regularity time-stepping scheme. The numerical experiments show that the proposed time-stepping method is much more accurate than previously proposed methods for approximating the time dynamics of nonsmooth solutions of the semilinear Klein–Gordon equation.
Optimization of FSW parameters of AA6061-6 wt.% SiC composite plates
Authors: B.N. Venkatesh , Hebbal Umamaheshwar , P.N. Siddappa , S. Kousik , T.K. Nagaraja
Published: November 2022

AA6061-SiC composites are the most preferred materials for applications in the automobile and aerospace sector due to their superior properties. The FSW process is one of the novel solid states joining processes that overcome almost all the difficulties of the fusion welding process because the process that operates well below the melting point of the metals to be joined, consumes less energy, environment-friendly, and versatile, no shielding gas or filler metal is used. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, axial force, and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the joint strength and hardness of the weld zone. Taguchi method was employed in this study to scrutinize the impact of welding processing factors, including rotational, speed, axial load, and pin profile on ultimate tensile strength, microhardness of weld zone. The results reveal that the welded joints produced at 750 rpm of tool rotational speed, the axial load of 6 kN using a square pin tool profile that exhibits higher UTS. The Vickers's hardness of AA6061-6 wt.% SiC composites was found to be superior at tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, the axial force of 6kN using cylindrical tool pin. The ANOVA Findings based on Vickers's hardness are tool profile: 53.84%, tool rotational speed: 20.16%, and axial force: 21.32%.
Global perspective and African outlook on additive manufacturing research − an overview
Authors: Klenam Desmond Edem Primus , Bamisaye Olufemi Sylvester , Williams Iyanu Emmanuel , van der Merwe Josias Willem , Bodunrin Michael Oluwatosin
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and advances made globally in medicine, construction, aerospace, and energy sectors are discussed. The paper further explores the current state of AM innovation and development landscape in Africa as a late comer to this area of smart manufacturing. Peer-reviewed and published literature were retrieved from Scopus database from 2005 to 2021 and analysed. In Africa, out of 500 published articles, South Africa has the highest research throughput, whereas about two-thirds of the continent is not actively participating in this burgeoning field. The main AM techniques most widely used are selective laser melting, fused deposition modelling, and direct energy deposition. Globally, there is an interplay of computational (machine learning and mechanistic models) and experimental approaches to understanding the physical metallurgy of AM techniques and processes. Though this trend is consistent with global practices, Africa lags the world in AM technologies, a niche that could leapfrog the manufacturing sector. Thus, Africa need to foster collaborative partnership within and globally to become an active global player in this industry.
Evaluation of the Bio-Evolution Microsporidia generic and typing real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis
Authors: Moniot Maxime , Nourrisson Céline , Bonnin Virginie , Damiani Céline , Argy Nicolas , Bonhomme Julie , Fréalle Emilie , Angebault Cécile , Debourgogne Anne , Sitterlé Emilie , Flori Pierre , Brunet Julie , Dalle Frédéric , Favennec Loïc , Poirier Philippe ,   French Microsporidiosis Network
Published: November 2022

Cases of intestinal microsporidiosis infection are underestimated and affect both immunocompromized and immunocompetent patients. Real-time PCR is superseding microscopic examination for its diagnosis in medical analysis laboratories. However, few manufacturers include microsporidia in their PCR panel for the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. Here, we evaluated the performances of the real-time PCR assays microsporidia generic and microsporidia typing (Bio-Evolution, France) on the Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR cycler (Qiagen, France). We included 45 negative and 44 positive stool samples for Enterocytozoon bieneusi (n = 34, with various genotypes), Encephalitozoon intestinalis (n = 4), Encephalitozoon hellem (n = 4), and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (n = 2). We also studied a four-year survey of an inter-laboratory quality control program including 9 centers that used this commercial assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the microsporidia generic assay were 86.4% and 93.3%, respectively. Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by the microsporidia generic PCR assay but not by the microsporidia typing PCR assay. These results were consistent with the results of the inter-laboratory quality control program. In conclusion, Bio-Evolution Real-time PCR assays are useful tools for intestinal microsporidiosis, but negative results for microsporidia typing assays require supplementary analyses to confirm E. hellem or E. cuniculi infections.
Operative stabilisation versus non-operative management of mid-shaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Kumar Alla Vasanth , Ramachandra Kamath K. , Salian Preetham Raj V. , Krishnamurthy Sunil Lakshmipura , Annappa Rajendra , Keerthi Ishwara
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Fractures of the mid-shaft clavicle are commonly encountered in clinical practice. These can be managed either by conservative method or operative by internal fixation. This study aims to compare the outcomes of conservative and operative management. Methods: Forty patients with displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures were included in the study, among which twenty-five patients were treated conservatively and 15 patients underwent surgery and were followed up for a period of 1 year. Time taken for union, functional outcome, complications, and patient satisfaction were compared. Results: In the non-operative group, 28% of the fractures took less than twelve weeks to unite, whereas in the operative group 60% of them took less than 12 weeks to unite. At the end of 1 year, there was no statistical difference in mean UCLA (University of California and Los Angeles) score and the mean DASH score of the non-operative group and operative group. There were more complications in the operative group. Re-operative rate in the operative group was 40%. Patient satisfaction was 80% in the non-operative group, whereas 48% of patients were satisfied in the operative group. Conclusion: Displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures treated conservatively have more advantages when compared to surgically treated fractures.
Einführung und Implementierung eines Palliativkonzepts für Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Schneider Wencke
Published: November 2022

Die Pflege demenzerkrankter Patienten ist häufig herausfordernd. Hinzu kommt, dass viele dieser Patienten, die stationär versorgt werden, sich in der letzten Phase ihres Lebens befinden. Um Interventionen und Maßnahmen einzuleiten, die für den Patienten notwendig sind, ihn aber nicht in seiner Lebensqualität einschränken, ist ein auf die gerontopsychiatrische Station zugeschnittenes Palliativkonzept sinnvoll.
7 Applications of Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds and Natural Products
Authors: González-Granda S. , Gotor-Fernández V.
Published: November 2022

Dynamic kinetic resolutions of racemic compounds provide elegant synthetic possibilities for the preparation of valuable enantiopure organic molecules with a theoretical maximum 100% yield. This chapter describes the combination of stereoselective enzymatic methods with suitable conditions for the racemization of the slow-reacting enantiomer from racemates of various types of compounds, such as alcohols, amines, and amino acids, for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and natural products. This contribution has been divided into three main topics based on the enzyme that catalyzes the asymmetric transformation and the racemization conditions of choice. These are: (i) the use of hydrolases and metal species; (ii) the use of hydrolases without requiring a metal catalyst for the racemization step; (iii) the use of other enzyme classes. A selection of scalable experimental procedures is provided in each case to demonstrate the robustness of the methodology described.
Cyber violence caused by the disclosure of route information during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lian Ying , Zhou Yueting , Lian Xueying , Dong Xuefan
Published: November 2022

Disclosure of patients’ travel route information by government departments has been an effective and indispensable pandemic prevention and control measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this measure may make patients susceptible to cyber violence (CV). We selected 13 real cases that occurred in China during the COVID-19 pandemic for analysis. We identified several characteristics that commonly appeared due to route information, such as rumors about and moral condemnation of patients, and determined that patients who are the first locally confirmed cases of a particular wave of the pandemic are more likely to be the victims of CV. We then analyzed and compared six real cases using data mining and network analysis approaches. We found that disclosing travel route information increases the risk of exposing patients to CV, especially those who violate infection prevention regulations. In terms of disseminating information, we found that mainstream media and influential we-media play an essential role. Based on the findings, we summarized the formation mechanism of route information disclosure-caused CV and proposed three practical suggestions—namely, promote the publicity of the media field with the help of mainstream media and influential we-media, optimize the route information collection and disclosure system, and ease public anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to focus on CV on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that our findings can help governments better carry out pandemic prevention and control measures on a global scale.
Enhancing person-centred care and access to primary care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Authors: Brickley Bryce , Burzacott Jaydene , Naren Thileepan
Published: November 2022

The pandemic has amplified the health needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and influenced the way primary care services are delivered. The purpose of this critical perspective is to explore the research on person-centred care (PCC) that has been conducted during the pandemic, with a contextual focus on care delivered by general practitioners (GPs) to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The pandemic has shown that primary care needs to be flexible, adaptive and innovative to maintain PCC. During the pandemic, general practice teams maintained their focus on the delivery of PCC and adapted routine services. National health care policy and modifications to the Medicare Benefits Schedule supported the delivery of PCC. Evaluation research has shown that funding extensions made during the pandemic increased patient engagement and the delivery of routine services, which supported primary care clinic sustainability. However, the delivery of PCC by GPs in the clinical setting requires time. Adequately funded, longer primary care consultations are needed to enhance PCC and access to services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Talking to animals in a moribund language
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Phiri Admire
Published: November 2022

The present article is dedicated to conative animal calls (CACs) in a Kalahari Khoe language, Tjwao. By using a
prototype approach to categorization, the authors test the Tjwao CACs for their compliance with the prototype of CACs posited
recently in scholarly literature. The authors conclude that Tjwao CACs largely conform to the pragma-semantic, phonetic, and
morphological properties associated with CACs across languages. In light of the Tjwao data, a few refinements are also proposed.
These concern the potential prevalence of whistles as the most common sounds not included in the International Phonetic Alphabet,
the correlation of summonses with replication and repetitions as well as front and/or close vowels, the higher frequency of
summonses and dispersals among all semantic types of CACs, and the lesser extent of monosemy than previously claimed.
Graphene Dirac fermions in symmetric electric and magnetic fields: the case of an electric square well
Authors: Ateş İsmail Burak , Kuru Şengül , Negro Javier
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a simple method is proposed to get analytical solutions (or with the help of a few numerical calculations) of the Dirac-Weyl equation for low energy electrons in graphene in the presence of certain electric and magnetic fields. In order to decouple the Dirac-Weyl equation we have assumed a displacement symmetry of the system along a direction and some conditions on the magnetic and electric fields. The resulting equations have the natural form to apply the technique of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The example of an electric well with square profile is worked out in detail to illustrate some of the most interesting features of this procedure.
Hopf bifurcation and phase synchronization in memristor-coupled Hindmarsh–Rose and FitzHugh–Nagumo neurons with two time delays
Authors: Guo Zhan-Hong , Li Zhi-Jun , Wang Meng-Jiao , Ma Ming-Lin
Published: November 2022

A memristor-coupled heterogenous neural network consisting of two-dimensional (2D) FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) and Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neurons with two time delays is established. Taking the time delays as the control parameters, the existence of Hopf bifurcation near the stable equilibrium point in four cases is derived theoretically, and the validity of the Hopf bifurcation condition is verified by numerical analysis. The results show that the two time delays can make the stable equilibrium point unstable, thus leading to periodic oscillations induced by Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore, the time delays in FHN and HR neurons have different effects on the firing activity of neural network. Complex firing patterns, such as quiescent state, chaotic spiking, and periodic spiking can be induced by the time delay in FHN neuron, while the neural network only exhibits quiescent state and periodic spiking with the change of the time delay in HR neuron. Especially, phase synchronization between the heterogeneous neurons is explored, and the results show that the time delay in HR neurons has a greater effect on blocking the synchronization than the time delay in FHN neuron. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by circuit simulations.
Inverse stochastic resonance in modular neural network with synaptic plasticity
Authors: Yu Yong-Tao , Yang Xiao-Li
Published: November 2022

This work explores the inverse stochastic resonance (ISR) induced by bounded noise and the multiple inverse stochastic resonance induced by time delay by constructing a modular neural network, where the modified Oja’s synaptic learning rule is employed to characterize synaptic plasticity in this network. Meanwhile, the effects of synaptic plasticity on the ISR dynamics are investigated. Through numerical simulations, it is found that the mean firing rate curve under the influence of bounded noise has an inverted bell-like shape, which implies the appearance of ISR. Moreover, synaptic plasticity with smaller learning rate strengthens this ISR phenomenon, while synaptic plasticity with larger learning rate weakens or even destroys it. On the other hand, the mean firing rate curve under the influence of time delay is found to exhibit a decaying oscillatory process, which represents the emergence of multiple ISR. However, the multiple ISR phenomenon gradually weakens until it disappears with increasing noise amplitude. On the same time, synaptic plasticity with smaller learning rate also weakens this multiple ISR phenomenon, while synaptic plasticity with larger learning rate strengthens it. Furthermore, we find that changes of synaptic learning rate can induce the emergence of ISR phenomenon. We hope these obtained results would provide new insights into the study of ISR in neuroscience.
Direct measurement of an energy-dependent single-event-upset cross-section with time-of-flight method at CSNS
Authors: Pei Biao , Tan Zhixin , He Yongning , Zhao Xiaolong , Fan Ruirui
Published: November 2022

To predict the soft error rate for applications, it is essential to study the energy dependence of the single-event-upset (SEU) cross-section. In this work, we present a direct measurement of the SEU cross-section with the Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron Source. The measured cross section is consistent with the soft error data from the manufacturer and the result suggests that the threshold energy of the SEU is about 0.5 MeV, which confirms the statement in Iwashita’s report that the threshold energy for neutron soft error is much below that of the (n, α) cross-section of silicon. In addition, an index of the effective neutron energy is suggested to characterize the similarity between a spallation neutron beam and the standard atmospheric neutron environment.
A further short history of the SI prefixes
Authors: Brown Richard J C
Published: November 2022

A short history of the development and adoption of the SI prefixes since 1964 is provided, following on from the last time a similar article was written, with special attention paid to the recent extension to the range of SI prefixes following the 27th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022. A brief future look is also presented.
Nuclear fusion waste classification of K-DEMO under the Korean radioactive waste regulations
Authors: Kim Byung Chul
Published: November 2022

The nuclear fusion waste generated by the activation of the constitutent components of the Korean fusion DEMOnstration reactor (K-DEMO) is assessed after the end of life (EOL). Based on the results, an attempt is made to classify the radioactive waste (RW) according to the Korean regulations on RW classification and self-disposal standards. One hundred years after EOL, most (∼90%) of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel structures in the tritium-breeding blanket can be classified as intermediate-level waste (ILW). One-third of the total weight of borated stainless steel inside the shielding blanket can also be classified as ILW 100 years after EOL. The remaining components of the K-DEMO are assessed as low-level waste. Based on this study, fusion waste disposal strategies will be planned in parallel with the advance of the K-DEMO design to minimize the fraction of ILW.
Rotorcraft thickness noise control by tip ventilation
Authors: Szulc O , Suresh T , Flaszyński P
Published: November 2022

The paper explains further developments of a new concept called TNC (Thickness Noise Control) of the application of surface ventilation to the reduction of helicopter rotor low-frequency in-plane harmonic (LF-IPH) noise. The TNC method is based on introduction of four cavities covered by perforated plates (connected to low and high pressure reservoirs) and positioned symmetrically at the front and rear extremities of the blade tip. Two operational modes are analyzed: constant (steady) and periodically varying (unsteady) transpiration mass-fluxes. For exemplary two-bladed model helicopter rotor of Boxwell et al. (Bell UH-1H Iroquois helicopter) in hover conditions, the results of numerical simulations, based on the CFD code SPARC (Spalart-Allmaras turbulence and Bohning-Doerffer transpiration models), suggest that the acoustic pressure fluctuations are significantly reduced in the near-field of the blade tip. Moreover, the unsteady approach (designed for forward located observers) is almost equally efficient to the basic (steady) operation mode, while substantially lowering penalties in terms of the aerodynamic performance and required transpiration flow intensity. Finally, it is proven that when TNC is activated, the twisted blade (operating in low-thrust conditions) exhibits lower deterioration of the aerodynamic performance compared to its straight (untwisted) counterpart.
Modeling of free-surface shape in unbaffled tanks
Authors: Płusa T. , Duda P.
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to present a numerical investigation of the two-phase flow in unbaffled uncovered stirred tanks equipped with a Rushton turbine. The shaft is positioned eccentrically. As simulation software, the Simcenter Star CCM+ 2021.2 is used to carry out multiphase unsteady simulations. Next, the numerical results are compared with results obtained on a test bench.
Application of high accuracy Penalized Vortex in Cell method for the high Reynolds number turbomachinery flows.
Authors: Błoński Dominik , Kudela Henryk , Strzelecka Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the high-order Penalized Vortex in Cell method applied to flow past an airfoil with a cavity and a T-106A turbine cascade. The first part of the paper treats about the parallel environment and algorithm performance where times for each operation are measured. Then further validation on the flow past cylinder at Re=9500 was shown, and flow past an airfoil simulation results were extended. For unbounded flow with stream-function correction based on Biot-Savart law, velocity profiles at the boundary were shown. A volumetric imbalance was determined. In the second part, formulation of pVIC method for periodic flows was discussed, and an example of calculation with a turbine cascade with a moving bar wake generator was demonstrated.
Numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer through beds of spherical and non-spherical elements
Authors: Szymanek Ewa , Tyliszczak Artur , Marek Maciej
Published: November 2022

Many issues related to mass and heat transfer through beds of granular materials are still not fully understood. In this work, non-isothermal turbulent flow is analysed within granular layers of spherical and non-spherical elements. We apply a volume penalization (VP) approach formulated in the framework of an immersed boundary technique (IB) on Cartesian computational meshes. It allows modelling flows around solid objects with almost arbitrarily complex shapes and in any form of contact. The validation of the solution accuracy is performed against ANSYS Fluent simulations using body-fitted meshes and experimental literature data. It shows the capability of the IB-VP approach for the simulations of flows in complex geometries. The main research focuses on the comparison of the influence of various types of particles and their temperature on vorticity, turbulence level and pressure drop inside and behind the granular bed. In particular, we analyse how the shape of the solid particles affects the efficiency of heat transfer in different flow conditions. The obtained results reveal the occurrence of very complex flow structures (recirculation and stagnation regions) inside beds. Comparison of results also point out preferred configurations of the beds.
Effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream rectangular object in tandem configuration
Authors: Gajewska Karolina , Niegodajew Paweł , Gnatowska Renata , Elsner Witold
Published: November 2022

The paper presents an experimental investigation of air flow around bluff bodies in tandem configurations. The first one concerns two square cylinders and in the second one a triangular cylinder was used as an upstream object. Experiment was performed for two different Reynolds number for the fixed distance between bluff bodies. To have an insight into the fluid flow, particle image velocimetry method was used. Particular attention was paid to examine the effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream body.
Simulation of sloshing in the moon pool with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Spricigo E , Pozorski J
Published: November 2022

In maritime heavy industry, the moon pool is an opening through the hull of some vessels. We replicate a generic design of the pool with the Lagrangian approach Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) whose mathematical model efficiently simulates the interphasial surface. In this study we present the capability of our in-house SPH code to handle the sloshing in the moon pool. We validate the SPH approach to flows for the sloshing tank benchmark and show the stability of this approach for the non-trivial case of the moon pool.
Influence of Ti-Al Substitution on Structure, Magnetic and Microwave Absorption Properties in Barium Hexaferrite
Authors: Marpaung M A , Sulaiman F H , Jalil Z
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate a new magnetic and microwave absorbing properties, barium hexaferrite materials of BaFe12O19 and BaFe10TiAlO19 were synthesized by solid state reaction (SSR) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Permagraph, and vector network analyzer (VNA) were used to probe the crystal structure, magnetic and microwave absorption properties. The results obtained that the barium hexaferrite structures have been shaped and showed high magnetic susceptibility and coercivity. Microwave absorbing properties of BaFe12O19 and BaFe10TiAlO19 absorbers were characterized at room temperature using VNA to record the reflected (S11) and transmitted spectrum (S21) for 7 – 13 GHz frequencies. Reflection loss (RL) and transmission loss (TL) of magnetic materials were calculated and performed the optimal absorption ability.
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Dropped Granular Particles on the Curved Surface
Authors: Muliyati D , Sumardani D , Mutoharoh M , Sari N L K
Published: November 2022

This study aims to present an approach for analyzing the performance of granular cosmetic adhesion by a numerical simulation using the uFlex particle. To ensure the viability of a numerical simulation, the effect of the process parameters on the dropping granular performance such as curve type, surface moisture level, and curve angle was evaluated. Results suggest that the humidity and curvature angle have significant effects on the density of cosmetic particles on the surface, while the other parameter have relatively small effects. Moreover, the effect of each parameter on the granular adhesion at the surface has been explained by utilizing the particle analysis after the collision. The simulation result shows the adhesion of granular particles with a curved surface leads to better performance under moist surfaces with a convex shape at the angle of 0 degrees. However, on all curvatures, worse adhesion performance under dry surfaces with convex shape.
Investigation of Under-Relaxation Factors in 2D Dam Break Simulation of OpenFOAM®
Authors: Widiatmono R , Mahmudah R S N , Hidayat I , Nugroho K A , Apriansari R Y
Published: November 2022

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the most significant applied sciences in the industry. For this reason, many expensive CFD software is available in the market. OpenFOAM® is a free CFD software that has been used extensively in many ranges of fields. But, even with the free charge, it is still hard to get a good result with OpenFOAM® without extensive computational resources. This study aims to find a way to get good results with minimum computation time by investigating the under-relaxation effects. This study chose the dam break case due to its simple and readily available validation data. The simulation domain was a 200 × 200 mm2 dam filled with 50 × 100 mm2 water in the dam’s bottom left corner. The simulations were performed with under-relaxation factors, ranging from 0.3 to 1. By changing the under-relaxation factor to 0.95, the mean absolute percentage error became six times smaller, and the simulation was 366 times faster. It shows that the under-relaxation factor is essential in the quality of results and simulation time. However, the most optimal under-relaxation factor may differ from one case to another.
Genetics Algorithm Feature Selection for Improving Aqueous Solubility Prediction
Authors: Suhendar H , Widianto E
Published: November 2022

Aqueous solubility is an important property for conducting chemical reactions of the compound. In this research, we develop several machine learning models for predicting the aqueous solubility reaction of molecules. The open public dataset, AqSolDB, was used for model development which contains 9982 data on molecule solubility. Several machine learning regression models were trained on the dataset and their performance was evaluated using mean absolute error. In this research, we use machine learning model-based tree for model development. The result showed that the best model for solubility prediction is using Categoric Boosting Regressor achieving 0.854 mean absolute error. The importance of feature that affected solubility can also be calculated from the calculation. It is shown that variable MolLogP strongly correlated with solubility reaction. To further improve our model, we selected several features using a genetics algorithm and trained selected feature using several machine learning-based tree models. It showed that the lowest mean absolute error obtained from Categoric Boosting Regressor model achieving 0.771 which provides an improvement with previous calculation without feature selection.
Bayesian Inversion of Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) Synthetic Data using Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC)
Authors: Djaja I G P F S , Chaerul V A , Mustopa E J , Srigutomo W
Published: November 2022

The inversion of time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) data is an ill-posed problem. This makes the standard inversion procedure, which is to linearize the related objective function. Then take a deterministic approach to determine a solution that can minimize the said objective function, which has the potential to be trapped in a local minimum. In this study, we solved the problem of TDEM data inversion using the Bayesian framework by generating a sample from the posterior distribution. The posterior distribution contains information related to the uncertainty of the TDEM data and the results of the forward modeling formulation, and prior information about the subsurface parameter model. In conducting the sampling process, we use the Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) algorithm, one of many gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms. Bayesian inversion was performed on synthetic data generated through the forward modeling of several test models. We used a model with varying thickness and resistivity values for inversion. We also added a prior probability distribution related to the smoothness constraint between resistivity values in adjacent layers allowing sharp and smooth transitions.
Homogeneity and Conformity of Neural Network-Based Lung-IMRT Planning
Authors: Aini N , Sihono D S K , Valerian J , Fadli M , Putranto A M Y
Published: November 2022

The IMRT planning technique applies the concept of irradiation, which is controlled automatically by a computer. An IMRT plan is aligned with a trial-and-error approach and still involves non-intuitive, iterative steps based on the planner’s subjective decision. The Neural Network method is used in radiotherapy planning in determining IMRT plans in lung cancer cases. This method is used to predict dose distribution based on previous planning data. The purpose of using this neural network method is to predict the dose distribution in the PTV volume with validation in the previous plan, also predicting the dose distribution for doses that cover 95% of the target volume. So, this can make it easier for a planner to make decisions objectively. The obtained results show that the quality of planning produced based on neural network modelling has a homogeneity index (HI) of 0,09 ± 0,02, and the conformity index (CI) of 1,2 ± 0,27 with an average dose 1,02 ± 0,01 was the mean received at the target organ. The maximum dose to the at-risk right lung organ is 0,82 ± 0,22 Gy, the left lung is 0,75 ± 0,29 Gy, the heart is 0,77 ± 0,14 Gy, and the spinal cord is 0,50 ± 0,14 Gy.
Analysis of Pressure and Temperature Characteristics at the Same Value of Adsorption Temperature and Evaporation Temperature in a Natural Zeolite Adsorption Test Equipment
Authors: Wulandari D A , Wardoyo W , Nugroho P N A , Nasruddin N
Published: November 2022

The existence of two problems, namely energy needs that are gradually increasing and environmental problems related to these needs, requires researchers to find the right answer to ensure sustainable energy that is safe and is expected to have the least environmental impact. This study discusses heat energy storage by adsorption, a technology that needs to be further developed to overcome these two problems. This study aimed to evaluate the temperature and pressure characteristics of a fin-tube type adsorber in adsorption heat energy storage using natural zeolite – water and adsorbate as a pair of adsorbents. The methodology used experiments with adsorption test equipment with the same evaporation value and adsorption temperature, namely 30°C and 50°C. This variant uses a fin–tube type adsorber with fin pitches of 3 mm. The results show that a smaller temperature value will get a lifting temperature higher.