bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noble-metals-bearing nickel-copper matte PTM: its characterization and preparation for use as a standard reference material
Authors: McAdam R C , Sutarno R , Moloughney P E
Published: July 2017

The Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project (CCRMP), formerly called the Canadian Standard Reference Materials Project (CSRMP), is an activity of the Mines Branch designed to prepare and distribute a range of materials of certified analysed content of
various elements, to be used in Canada and elsewhere in the evaluation and monitoring of analytical methods and for the calibration of analytical instruments. These materials have included metals, alloys, rocks, ores, minerals, concentrates, etc. The present report deals with a nickel-copper matte,
designated PTM, that contains certified amounts of various precious metals. This report presents values for platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold and silver in a nickel-copper matte (PTM) produced from the Sudbury ore of Ontario. It also reports the results of several analysis on iridium, ruthenium and
osmium for information only. The values for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold supersede those given in 1971 (1), as a result of further analytical values being received from participants in the "roundrobin" analytical program organized under the predecessors to the present Canadian Certified
Reference Materials Project formally established in 1973. The values for the contents of these elements, in oz./ton are as follows: platinum 0.17, palladium 0.24, rhodium 0.026, gold 0.052 and silver 1. 9. The sample preparation and characterization of reference material PTM and a statistical
evaluation of the analytical values are described in this report. The reference material is now available from the Chairman of the Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project (CCRMP), Mineral Sciences Division, Mines Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa,
Ontario KlA OG1.
Catalysts for hydrocracking and ruining heavy oils and tars part I. the effect of cobalt to molybdenum ratio on desulphurization and denitrogenation
Authors: Williams R J , Draper R G , Parsons B I
Published: July 2017

This report is the first in a series on an investigation of the factors involved in the preparation of effective, low-cost catalysts for the hydrocracking and refining of high-boiling gas-oils and bitumens. Active catalysts of the "cobalt molybdate on alumina"
type, containing 3% and 13% combined metal-oxides were prepared by a surface layering technique using a mix-muller. A gradual leveling out, or plateau, of activity for both sulphur and nitrogen removal was observed beginning at, or near, a cobalt to molybdenum atomic ratio of 0.6. The
denitrogenation activity of the cobalt molybdate catalysts increased more slowly with the overall concentration of metals than did the desulphurization activity. The effectiveness of the catalysts for sulphur and nitrogen removal was determined with a 650-975°F gas-oil distilled from Athabasca
bitumen that had been thermally hydrocracked in a Mines Branch pilot plant. The tests were undertaken at 2000 psi pressure in a bench-scale flow system with bottom feed at a liquid-hourly-space-velocity of 2.0. The results of the study are discussed relative to those observed by others using
different methods of catalyst preparation.
Excited x-rays identify minerals as ore moves down conveyor belt
Authors: Goodman R H , Bettens A H , Josling C A
Published: July 2017

Electrons from Beta radiation excite characteristic X-rays to reveal presence of minerals. High atomic number works best
Some observations on niobium in steel
Authors: Bell D R , Contractor G P
Published: July 2017

The effects of niobium on silicon-killed, low carbon to 450-lb laboratory melts, forged and rolled to 3/4 steel were also examined. In the as-rolled condition, it was found that small steel were investigated. Most of the data relate in. plate. Data from one heat
of commercial additions of niobium increased the yield strength and raised the transition temperature markedly, but that larger additions were less effective. In the normalized condition, the effects on yield strength were similar to those in the as-rolled condition but the changes were less marked.
The transition temperature was improved with all levels of niobium, the smallest additions (up to 0'04%) being most effective. Commercial plate of a similar composition to the laboratory steel was procured with niobium contents of approximately zero, 0010% and 0023%, in 1/4 in., 3/4 in.,
and 1-1/2 in. thicknesses. The yield strength and transition temperature results obtained on the commercial material qualitatively corroborated the findings of the laboratory steels. Niobium was most effective in increasing the yield strength in the 1/4 in. plate, the effectiveness decreasing as the
plate thickness increased. Rotating beam fatigue tests showed that niobium slightly increased the fatigue limit of. smooth bars and had no effect on the fatigue limit of notched bars. The fatigue ratio was unaffected by niobium for smooth bars and decreased somewhat for notched bars. Limited data,
based on electrolytically extracted residues, indicated that the major bulk of the niobium added to the steels was partitioned to the carbide phase. Similarly, much of the nitrogen present in the steels was found to occur in the residues. The evidence indicated that the effects of niobium on the
yield strength and notch ductility of normalized carbon steel were qualitatively explicable in terms of grain refinement, and precipitation strengthening. The evidence did not account for the pronounced effects of small quantities of niobium on as-rolled steel.
Paper 4. effect of fuel characteristics and excess combustion air on sulphuric acid formation in a pulverized-coal-fired boiler
Authors: Lee G K , Friedrich F D , Mitchell E R
Published: July 2017

This paper describes part of a continuing research programme aimed at establishing the influence of various factors on the corrosion potential of boiler flue gases. These factors include the sulphur content of coal. the cation content of coal ash and excess
combustion air. From the experiments which were conducted in a pilot-scale research boiler with coals containing 6 and 7 per cent sulphur it has been established that SO 3 concentrations. acid dew-point, rate of acid build-up and neutralization of acid by fly-ash ail influence corrosion potential :
the method for determining the last parameter is described in detail. The findings. so far, strongly suggest that equilibrium data relating only acid concentration and theoretical acid dew-point cannot be applied to the corrosion rate under dynamic boiler conditions where flue-gas constituents such
as S0 3 . H 2 0 and fly-ash are continually deposited from the gas stream. As could be expected. corrosion potential is minimal or non-existent at less than 1 per cent oxygen in the flue gas but high above 3 per cent oxygen.
Development of a model vibrating-grate stoker for strongly caking coals
Authors: Friedrich F D
Published: July 2017

Research was undertaken to develop a stoker capable of satisfactory performance with strongly caking, low-ash-fusion coals, and adaptable to packaged boiler systems, for a capacity range of 50 to 1 000 lb of coal/h. To obtain a simple, compact design, a
combination of an air-cooled vibrating grate, with a plate feeder extending the full width of the grate, was chosen. The feasibility of the design was demonstrated by experiments on a model stoker having a grate 1 ft wide and 2 ft long, housed in a refractory furnace. Grate surface temperatures of
up to 200 F were recorded, and ash fused to the grate at average grate heat-release rates of about 225 000 Btu/ft 2 h. However, experiments on a full-size air-cooled vibrating-grate stoker installation showed that, with a water-cooled furnace and about 160 per cent total air, grate surface
temperatures can be maintained below 500 F. Hence it should be possible to avoid the complication of water cooling the grate. A combination of experiments on the model stoker and full-sized vibrating-grate installations showed that a vibrating frequency of 1 200 c.p.m. is substantially more
effective than frequencies of 400 to 800 c.p.m. in breaking up coke formations from strongly caking coal. It was established that the optimum fuel-bed thickness for good performance with strongly caking coal is 3 to 4 in, and that a positive means of providing a uniform fuel bed must be provided.
Zone control of primary combustion air is also necessary. Data are given from tests on the model stoker with lignite, a non-caking coal, and a strongly caking coal. Extrapolation of the results to the design of full-scale stokers is attempted.
Slope stability studies at Knob Lake
Authors: Coates D F , Gyenge M , Stubbins J B
Published: July 2017

The object of the slope-stability studies at Knob Lake has been to obtain measurements in the open pits which, together with the results of laboratory tests, would permit the prediction of instability in the incompetent wall rocks. Some work is also being done in
the brittle, hard wall rocks; however , only data concerning the incompetent rocks are presented here. An initial study of the slides that had occurred in the past indicated that it might be possible to determine the strength of wall rocks at any particular section by obtaining core samples that
could be tested in the laboratory. Then based on the strength obtained from the laboratory tests together with some knowledge of the structural geology and using the appropriate theory, it was hoped that ultimate pit slopes that would become unstable could be identified before the slopes were
created.
Dead time correction in x-ray spectrography
Authors: Reed D J , Gillieson A H
Published: July 2017

The customary dead time correction applied to X-ray counting rates has been found unsatisfactory for the counting equipment used in the Mineral Sciences Division of the Mines Branch. Using a range of wavelengths from CrKa to BaKa and foils of several materials,
an amended formulation for calculating- dead time and the true counting rate has been developed by the multifoil technique. Results obtained by a single foil and a two source method agree well with the multifoil ones using the amended formula
Proposed Canadian standard for estimating atmospheric dispersion of combustion source pollution from chimneys
Authors: Whaley H
Published: July 2017

Rising public concern over the persistent nature of air pollution may be expected to result in more stringent ambient air quality criteria. Hence, until air resource management becomes a reality, there is a requirement for a simple yet reliable method of
estimating the dispersion of combustion source chimney effluents. To satisfy this need an empirical plume rise equation was developed and together with established diffusion equations, it provides the basis for the graphical stack height calculation method described in this paper. The emissions of
gaseous and particulate matter are related to heat flux, stack height and maximum ground level pollution concentrations for both a severe atmospheric inversion and a neutral atmosphere. This enables the selection of a stack height to be made which should meet any stipulated ambient pollution
level
The surface tension of liquid metals & alloys
Authors: White D W G
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews the "state of the art" of liquid metal surface tension measurement. Thus, some basic principles of thermodynamics and surface tension theory are reviewed; selected theoretical and empirical correlations with experimental data are appraised; and
experimental methods and techniques are analysed for their sources of error and the means are discussed whereby such errors may be avoided, minimized or corrected for.
Design criteria for multi-wire borehole extensometer systems AND Underground measurements in a steeply dipping orebody
Authors: Hedley D G F , Zahary G , Soderlund H W , Coates D F
Published: July 2017

The accuracy and limitations of a measuring system should be known before embarking on an instrumentation program. Errors in borehole extensometer measurements, their order of magnitude and methods of reducing or eliminating their influence, are presented in this
paper. Also a method of calibrating extensometers in the laboratory, and a procedure for taking measurements in-situ are described. The theoretical and practical investigations have indicated that extensometers with constant tension characteristics are potentially more accurate than those where the
tension varies with the amount of wire movement. Friction in the extensometer and in the borehole, and change in temperature are considered to be the main sources of error. However, change in the physical properties and the sag of the wire can considerably affect the measurements with variable
tension extensometers. AND The problem of pillar stability at an iron mine was investigated by measuring field and pillar stresses, pillar deformation, sonic velocity and microseismic activity. Extensometer measurements of pillar deformation provided the most use/id information on the extent of
load transfer and stability of the pillar. These measurements in conjunction with the observed cases of pillar cracking indicate that the structural-weakness (fault and joint) planes are the main factors affecting stability. The in situ measurements of stress and deformation are compared to those
calculated from a finite-element model, in an attempt to establish an analytical method of prediction.
The effects of sintering atmosphere on the properties of strontium ferrite permanent magnets
Authors: Sutarno R , Bowman W S , Alexander G E
Published: July 2017

The effects of variations in the partial pressure of oxygen in the sintering atmosphere on the ceramic and magnetic properties of strontium ferrite ceramic magnets have been investigated. It was found that, at given sintering parameters (i.e. temperature, time,
heating rate, etc.), the increase of oxygen partial pressure reduced the degree of sintering, and consequently decreased the remanent magnetization and increased the coercive force.
Fireside corrosion and pollutant emission from crude oil combustion
Authors: Lee G K , Mitchell E R , Friedrich F D , Draper R G
Published: July 2017

A pilot-scale research boiler was used to evaluate the corrosion and pollution potential of a western Canadian mixed-blend crude ail from the interprovincial Pipeline. It was demonstrated that this crude oil, even when deliberately contaminated with high levels
of salt, can be burned successfully with moderately low excess air. In addition, problems associated with low-temperature deposits, low-temperature corrosion, and pollutant emissions were minimal. High-temperature corrosion, due to either oil ash or gas-phase oxidation, can be controlled by proper
selection of boiler tube material. Low-temperature pump and screen tests on the as-received crude oil indicated that no pumping or screen-plugging problems should occur at temperatures above the maximum pour point.
Elements of planning in deep mining AND stope-and-pillar design for the Elliot Lake uranium mine
Authors: Coates D F , Dickhout M , Hedley D G F , Grant F
Published: July 2017

In 1958, the Ontario Department of Mines appointed a committee to study the accident situation and mining methods used in the uranium mines in The Elliot Lake district. This committee reviewed the existing knowledge on mine design, pillar support and roof spans
and came to the conclusion that scientific knowledge had not yet reached the stage of producing rational design procedures which would reduce the dependence on trial-and-error methods. Since that time, the Mining Research Centre has made numerous stress measurements in two mines to define the
pre-mining and pillar stresses. A comprehensive series of tests has been done in the laboratory to measure the compressive strength of the rock; a geological survey of the region has been made to evaluate tectonic stresses; and a survey was done on mining conditions with regard to stable and
unstable pillar configurations. This information has been used to evaluate pillar design as effected by pillar width and height, depth below surface, extraction and pre-mining stress fields. The resultant design of pillar widths and corresponding extraction as the depth increased is in line with
past and present experience in these mines. The information available on roof stability is still insufficient to design stable stope spans with the same degree of confidence; experience and trial-and-error methods are still required
The Canadian gypsum industry
Authors: Collings R K
Published: July 2017

The technology and uses of the mineral gypsum are outlined and theories of the origin of its deposits are mentioned. Known Canadian deposits are described in some detail, and factors affecting their economic development are considered, such as extent, purity, and
location with respect to markets. The report describes mining, milling, and processing methods. The early history of the Canadian gypsum industry is summarized. Present-day operations are described, and statistical data are given of the production, trade and consumption of gypsum and its
manufactured products for the period 1948 to 1958. A general statistical summary for 1957-1958 is also included. A forecast has been attempted of the effect of several factors, including population increase, the use of substitute materials, and dwindling reserves of high purity gypsum in certain
areas, on the growth and development of the Canadian gypsum industry during the next few years.
Physical metallurgy and uses of gold bibliography for the ten-year period 1950-1959
Authors: Badone L , Spence N S
Published: July 2017

In April 1959, a programme aimed at increasing the industrial uses of gold was initiated at the Physical Metallurgy Division. This programme was jointly sponsored by the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys and the Canadian Metal Mining Association, and its
object was to generate and collect metallurgical information on gold which could lead to new uses of the metal. As part of the project, a literature survey was carried out and this publication collects the references compiled in a survey of the ten-year period 1950 to 1959. While this decade is
indicated by a general review to be the most productive of useful published data, thereby justifying primary attention, it is hoped that the work may be continued and extended to cover earlier periods as well as to maintain a continuous record into the future. The survey has been restricted
exclusively to the physical metallurgy and uses of gold, and does not include medicinal, nuclear physics, analysis and extractive metallurgy references except where these fields and that of the survey overlap.
Selection of steels for the avoidance of brittle failure
Authors: Winterton K
Published: July 2017

Les facteurs qui ont un effet défavorable sur le point de transition entre la ductilité et la fragilité comprennent l'écrouissage, le vieillissement mécanique, le vieillissement par trempe, la forte dimension du grain, ainsi que le
relèvement des teneurs en carbone, phosphore, azote et silicium (plus de 0.4 p. 100). Parmi les facteurs qui ont un heureux effet, mentionnons la finesse du grain, la désoxydation, le traitement thermique, et le relèvement des teneurs en manganèse et en nickel. Une connaissance
des facteurs en jeu a permis d'apporter des modifications dans le type d'acier choisi pour certaines applications sur terre et sur mer oh la brisure fragile est à craindre. Le procédé Bessemer a pour ainsi dire disparu et il a été remplacé par le procédé
Martin, le procédé L.D. (Linz-Donawitz), ainsi que d'autres procédés. On préfère l'acier semi-calmé à l'acier effervescent. Dans le but de maintenir la résistance voulue, il s'est manifesté une certaine tendance à accroître la teneur en
manganèse des aciers, afin de pouvoir réduire la teneur en carbone. Pour obtenir les meilleures propriétés, on peut utiliser des aciers complètement désoxydés, souvent à l'état de produit normalisé ou de produit trempé et revenu. En dernier
ressort, on peut utiliser des aciers alliés, ordinairement après leur avoir fait subir tous les traitements thermiques. On projette d'élaborer une série d'aciers canadiens doués d'une résistance de plus en plus grande à la brisure fragile. Il existe déjà
une série d'aciers britanniques du même genre.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research in Canada and elsewhere, October to December, 1960
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This is the fifth quarterly Information Circular on high-temperature research. It contains a bibliography of work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals during the period October to December, 1960. Also included are bibliographies of
work in this field in Australia, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Scandinavia, the United States and the U.S.S.R. during the period July to September, 1960, and in Japan during the period January to June, 1960.
Notes on the safe handling of uranium alloys in industry
Authors: Eichholz G G
Published: July 2017

This Circular summarizes some of the physical and chemical properties of uranium metal which may have a bearing on the industrial production of uranium-containing alloys. The legal aspects of natural uranium use are reviewed and some experimental measurements on
airborne uranium dust obtained during pilot plant tests are presented.,
Physical metallurgy and uses of gold: the properties of gold and alloys containing gold
Authors: Badone L , Spence N S
Published: July 2017

This publication, prepared as part of a project undertaken with the aim of expanding industrial uses of gold, presents most of the relevant and currently available physical, chemical and metallurgical data on gold and its alloys. Arranged by a system of
classification designed to facilitate its use, the text is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the properties of pure gold. Part II covers gold alloys, and Part III is devoted to the principal past and present industrial uses of gold and its alloys. Sources of the data presented consist of
over 200 references which are tabulated at the end.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research in Canada and elsewhere, April to June, 1961
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This is the seventh quarterly bulletin of bibliographic information on high-temperature condensed states research. It contains references to papers in this field published in Canadian journals during the period April to June, 1961. Also included are
bibliographies of such work published in Australia, Austria, France and Belgium, Germany, Great Britain., the Netherlands, Scandinavia, the United States and the U.S.S.R. during the period January to March, 1961.
Development of the Canadian lightweight aggregate industry
Authors: Wilson H S
Published: July 2017

The lightweight aggregates used in Canada are: expanded clay, shale, slag, and perlite; exfoliated vermiculite; and pumice. The history of their production is traced, and the raw materials and the methods of processing are described. Production data and the uses
of the various materials are briefly reviewed. Other uses to which these materials might be put are discussed.
Iron ore pelletizing: a literature survey
Authors: Banks G N , Campbell R A , Viens G E
Published: July 2017

A survey of the literature reveals wide differences in the procedures used in making iron ore pellets, and in the properties of the pellets obtained. In this paper the methods of production and the properties of pellets, as reported in the literature, are
examined in an effort to determine what correlations exist between them. An attempt also is made to determine the levels of the properties of pellets which are considered acceptable and desirable in modern practice. A few cost data are included.
The Athabasca tar sands as a source of crude oil
Authors: Montgomery D S
Published: July 2017

A general review is presented of the variable nature of the Athabasca bituminous sand resource, and the chemical composition of the bitumen is given at various stages during the refining from r.aw material to finished products. The research conducted at the Mines
Branch on vapour-phase hydrogenation of coker distillates is described, emphasizing the effect of hydrogen pressure on the rate of catalyst deactivation. In conclusion, the quality of the hydrogenated products is described in general terms, and some observations are made on the reasons why
large-scale operation is essential if an economically viable process is to be achieved.
Preliminary mineralogical study of the silver deposits in the Cobalt area, Ontario
Authors: Petruk W
Published: July 2017

The silver deposits in the Cobalt area in Ontario consist of mineralized carbonate veins in the Cobalt series sediments Keewatin rocks, Nipissing diabase, and lamprophyre. The central portions of the mineralized veins consist largely of cobalt-nickel arsenides
and native silver in carbonate, and the terminal portions consist of arseno-pyrite and sulphides in carbonate. The minerals in these veins occur in a variety of ways, but most of the cobalt-nickel arsenides occur as rosettes and masses. The rosettes in silver-bearing veins contain cores of native
silver, and the masses contain irregular aggregates, disseminations and veinlets of native silver but are richer in native bismuth.
Filtration (a literature survey)
Authors: Nemet N
Published: July 2017

Research up to the present on the theoretical aspects of filtration is reviewed. Major phases of work and respective schools of thought are summarized, and samples of the views of various workers are given. Outlines for future research are indicated, with special
attention to the more neglected areas.
Directory of high-temperature condensed states research in Canada, July 1966
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

A list is given of establishments in Canada in which research on high-temperature condensed states is currently being conducted. The names of the researchers involved and an indication of their specific fields of interest are also
included.
The analytical determination of uranium in iron and steel alloys
Authors: Ingles J C , Zimmerman J B , Horwood J L
Published: July 2017

Recent interest in the use of uranium as an alloying agent for steel has made it desirable for the metallurgical analyst to familiarize himself with the analytical chemistry of this 'element. This circular summarizes the chemical properties of uranium and reviews
current literature for its separation and determination. Typical analytical procedures, illustrating the best-known methods for the separation and determination, and using standard analytical equipment and techniques, are presented. In addition, x-ray and radiometric methods, capable of providing
analytical results within a few minutes, are described. The extensive references should be useful in developing new analytical procedures to deal with unusual problems.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July-September, 1966
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from July 1 to September 30, 1966.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, April- June, 1967
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from April 1 to June 30, 1967.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July-September, 1967
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from July 1 to September 30, 1967.
Description and use of an ion bombardment camera and ancillary equipment
Authors: Cunningham R L , Ng-Yelim J
Published: July 2017

This paper describes an ion bombardment camera and ancillary equipment consisting of a circular protractor, an orienting sphere, and an optical projector capable of directly producing stereographic and gnomonic projections from ion bombardment ejection patterns.
A unique feature of the equipment described is that it leads to a great simplification of several crystallographic techniques used widely in theoretical metallurgy, material sciences, physics, ceramics and crystal chemistry. It is proposed that the techniques described are also suitable for the
teaching of elementary crystallography.
Factors of particular significance to the economics of industrial minerals
Authors: Reeves J E
Published: July 2017

Industrial minerals are to some extent unusual because they are more sensitive to certain interrelated economic factors than are other products of the mining industry. The ascertainment of markets and the cost of transporting the products to market are likely to
be more decisive than the grade of the deposit in effecting its development. The large volume of material that so often must be moved, i.e. the bulkiness of a commodity, strictly limits shipping distances and therefore the areas in which deposits can be developed. The expansion of urban areas tends
to interfere with the supply of the particular mineral raw materials that feed this expansion. Several other factors, some relating in a special way to processing and marketing, are of more limited importance.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July-September, 1968
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic Information concerning research work on high temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from July 1 to September 30, 1968.
Analyses and characteristics of oil samples from Qubec
Authors: Charbonnier R P , Draper R G , Harper W H , Yates A
Published: July 2017

The 7 oil analyses gathered in this publication have been performed in the Fuels Research Laboratories of the Mines Branch in Ottawa, according to the U.S.B.M. Routine Method of Distillation. Some reservoir characteristics are also
included.
Some comments on the interpretation of response surfaces
Authors: Friedrich F D
Published: July 2017

In the application of statistical analysis to industry and research, a response surface is the geometric rendition of an equation or set of equations describing the relationship between a dependent variable and a number of independent variables. The present
report briefly outlines various techniques for determining the physical meaning of a response surface, assuming that the defining equations have already been obtained by statistical techniques. Contour plots are briefly described, and an example shows how a computer can be used to extend them to
three or more factors and three or more responses. The technique of ridge analysis is explained without mathematical proof. An example involving three independent variables is worked out. Finally, canonical analysis is discussed, and a brief example is given.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, April - June, 1969
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from April 1 to June 30, 1969.
LiF(220) Conversion tables for x-ray spectrography
Authors: Reed D J , Bretzloff P
Published: July 2017

Tables are presented of the 20 angles for the principal X-ray lines of elements diffracted by the 220 plane of a lithium fluoride crystal.
Analyses and characteristics of oil samples from Ontario
Authors: Charbonnier R P , Draper R G , Harper W H , Yates A
Published: July 2017

The 54 oil analyses gathered in this publication have been performed in the Fuels Research Laboratories of the Mines Branch in Ottawa, according to the U.S.B.M. Routine Method of Distillation. Some reservoir characteristics are also
included.
Oils and basic organic chemicals from coal by hydrogenation (a literature review)
Authors: Herrmann W A O
Published: July 2017

The literature published since World War II on coal hydrogenation and its economics, and on the production of chemicals from coal, is critically reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different operating schemes are discussed from the viewpoint of the
author's own experience as far back as 1936 in German coal hydrogenation plants. Some possibilities of improvement and cost savings are discussed. The feasibility of extracting basic chemicals from the products of coal hydrogenation and of converting such by-products to basic chemicals of higher
value is considered, as well as the contribution of such an operation towards improving the economics of coal hydrogenation.
Guide to engineering statistics
Authors: Visman J , Picard J L
Published: July 2017

This text provides guidelines for the selection and the application of statistical techniques that are commonly used in science and industry. The emphasis is on how to solve statistical problems and, by conveying the basic concepts of variability, to prepare the
reader for further self-study of textbooks in his or her particular field. Instructions in the form of a Summary of Operations, presented in Section 1, are recommended to those readers for whom the application of statistical analysis is not a daily routine. A tabular listing of statistical problems
and procedures provides a short-cut to the practical application of techniques. A general sampling theory for segregated populations is introduced, with condensed instructions that cover most of the variates. Definitions of terms and symbols are presented in an appendix preceding the alphabetic
register of subjects. Many techniques in this guide can only be applied legitimately or calculating first-order estimates of a variance, a probability, a ratio, etc. For more critical situations where specific conditions - too complicated to be mentioned here - have to be satisfied, the reader is
well advised to obtain the assistance of a professional statistician. Between this high level of perfection and that of the "educated guess" there is scope for a guide to statistics which it is hoped this volume will provide for its readers.
Bibliography of high- temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July - September, 1969
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic Information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from. July 1 to September 30, 1969.
Superplasticity
Authors: Weld H M
Published: July 2017

The superplasticity phenomenon, which is characterized by a metal's capacity for a large degree of relative uniform extension, is reviewed for the purpose of assessing both its potential applicability to practical metallurgical operations and the possible
benefits to be derived from further research and development. Detailed are the requirements for a metal to be superplastic, as well as the conditions necessary for the phenomenon to occur. Twenty-nine metal systems reported to be superplastic are listed, including pure metals and singlephase and
multi-phase alloys. A number of the methods are reviewed that are employed to generate the required fine grain structure--in the order of a micron- mechanically by extrusion or rolling, or thermally by eutectoid decomposition or compact sintering. It is concluded that superplasticity may be found in
many other metal systems that possess a stable micrograin size within the limited temperature and strain-rate range in which a high strain-rate sensitivity can exist. Potential applications of superplastic metals by extruding, rolling, deep forming, coining, bulge-forming, and die-less wire drawing
are reported. Possible problems in connection with the use of superplastic metalssuch as oxidation, formation of voids, and strain-rate control--are discussed. Many of the commercial alloys reported to be superplastic will owe their acceptance to their improved mechanical and chemical properties
rather than to their remarkable high-temperature ductility. The future application of the superplastic effect is viewed as being most successful when used to form large parts that are beyond the capabilities of most presses.
Evaluation of Canadian commercial coals: Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia - 1968
Authors: Tibbetts T E
Published: July 2017

The physical and chemical analyses of fifty-three coal samples are reported. In addition, the chemical analyses of ash of most of the same coals are reported in a separate section. The samples were taken and analysed by the Fuels Research Centre during the year
1968. They represent the production on a specified day of the coals as commercially prepared at the mine or, referring to the channel samples, the coal seam where mining was in progress or planned. Coals from twenty mining operations in the three coal mining provinces of western Canada, namely
Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, are represented; they include lignite, subbituminous and bituminous coals.
Evaluation of Canadian commercial coals: Nova Scotia - 1970
Authors: Tibbetts T E , Montgomery W J
Published: July 2017

Physical and chemical analyses of fifty-two coal samples are reported, representing the operating mines in Nova Scotia. The samples were taken and analysed by the Fuels Research Centre during the year 1970. They represent the production on a specified day of the
coals as commercially prepared at the mine or the coals as delivered to thermal electric generating stations.
Inventories of national and individual air pollution.
Authors: Mitchell E R
Published: July 2017

Advances in combustion technology have reduced pollution emission at individual fuel combustion and process sources. Other technological advances have made available a wide array of new luxuries, goods, and services which are within economic reach of most people
and this, together with population and industrial growth, has resulted in more fuel use per capita and more air pollution. This article explains these trends and attempts to illustrate the magnitude of the problem by presenting inventories of air pollution on both a national and an individual
basis.
Methods for the removal of sulphur dioxide from waste gases
Authors: Dibbs H P
Published: July 2017

A review is given of methods that have been used, or are currently being developed, for the removal of sulphur dioxide from the waste gases emitted from the combustion of sulphur-containing fuels and from the smelting of sulphide ores. These methods have been
classified into ten groups based upon either the removal technique or on the type of absorbent employed in the removal process. An outline of the chemistry of the removal processes is also given together with the current stage of development of the processes.
Analytical methods in solvent extraction processing
Authors: Ashbrook A W
Published: July 2017

Analytical methods for the analysis - of both aqueous and organic streams in solvent extraction processes are reviewed, especially with reference to the determination of the organic components of these streams. The determination of metals is considered only
briefly. Procedures for the determination of the majority of organic reagents used in commercial solvent extraction operations are given, and areas where methods are required are indicated. Problems associated with sampling are discussed in some detail.
Evaluation of Canadian commercial coals: Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia - 1971
Authors: Tibbets T E
Published: July 2017

The physical and chemical analyses of forty-nine coal samples are reported. In addition, the chemical analyses of ash of most of the same coals are reported in a separate section. Coals from sixteen mining operations in the three coal mining provinces,
Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia - are represented; they include lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coals. The samples were taken and analyzed by the Fuels Research Centre during the year 1971. They represent the production on a specified day of the coals as commercially prepared at
the mine or, referring to the channel samples, the coal seam where mining was in progress or planned.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July - September, 1972
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from July 1 to September 30, 1972,
The environmental cracking of line pipe steels- a short review
Authors: Biefer G J
Published: July 2017

Such forms of environmental cracking of line pipe steels as sulphide cracking, 4ydrogen embrittlement cracking, and stress-corrosion cracking are briefly reviewed.
The physical metallurgy of quenched and tempered low-carbon steel, with special reference to large diameter line pipe applications
Authors: Boyd J D
Published: July 2017

This report summarizes the present state of the art of the physical metallurgy of line pipe steels and considers the possibilities for developing new high-strength, high-toughness grades of steel suitable for arctic pipelines. It is suggested that, for
large-diameter, heavy-walled line pipe in which 80 to 100-ksi (550 to 690-MN/m2) yield strength is required, quenched and tempered low-carbon steels (0.10C) offer an attractive combination of strength, toughness, formability, weldability, and economy of production. Two possible methods for
manufacturing line pipe incorporating a quench and temper process are outlined, and the techniques for controlling microstructure are discussed for both methods. Finally, the relations between the microstructure of quenched and tempered low-carbon steel and two important Mechanical properties are
discussed in detail. The mechanical properties which are considered are the basic strengthening mechanisms and the origins of fracture toughness, with particular reference to dynamic toughness.
The oil heating association of Canada clean air program phase VI: assesment of burner performance
Authors: Brown T D
Published: July 2017

Two Evaluation Indices are defined to facilitate the assessment of burner performance. These indices, derived from performance data measured during steady running (the Steady Running Index) and transient operation, (the Transient Index) have values between 0 and
100. The Steady Running Index attaches greatest importance to the carbon dioxide and soot content of the flue gases and a lesser importance to the carbon monoxide and nitric oxide content of the flue gas. The Transient Index attaches equal importance to the soot and carbon monoxide produced on both
start-up and shut-down. Comparison of burner performance based on these indices shows that the burners equipped with flame retention- heads offer a superior performance to the swirl and standard-head burners examined in the test program. The use of a clutch-coupling is seen to improve the transient
performance of all the burners whereas the use of a high-speed motor has no effect. The effect of fuel type (aromaticity) is most marked on the retention-head burners.
The performance of a double-wall prefabricated metal chimney for oil-fired residential heating applications
Authors: Brown T D
Published: July 2017

The overall heat transfer coefficient of a double-wall prefabricated metal chimney has been measured under experimental conditions duplicating those occurring in residential practice. Calculations using the measured U-value of 0.46 Btu/ft 2hr ° F show that
the thermal and draft performance of the chimney will be substantially the same for chimneys erected inside a building or on the outside wall. The maximum chimney capacity at internal wall temperatures above the acid dewpoint is above 1 US gph for chimney heights greater than 10 ft and diameters
larger than 6 in for chimney dimensions greater than these minimum values a draft of 0.04 in. WC (or higher) can be achieved at furnace efficiencies of 79%.
Effect of electrode conditioning on ignition sensitivity variability for the standard V.D.E. intrinsic safety test apparatus
Authors: Silver S
Published: July 2017

The variability and non-repeatability characteristics of the German standard intrinsic safety test apparatus (V.D.E.), have been noted by operators here and abroad. This investigation covers the changes in ignition sensitivity which are directly related to the
mechanical variations of the sparking mechanism. The physical aspects of the sparking mechanism that were investigated include the tip erosion of the wire electrode due to wear and burning, effect of free lengths of the wire electrodes, changes in the distances between the electrode holders, and
changes in the cadmium disc electrode due to ordinary wear with and without excess cadmium particles. The close examinations of the tips of the wire electrodes, before and after testing, showed that part of the ignition variability of the apparatus is due to the gradual and not so gradual erosions
of the wire tips after explosions occur. The other factors which enhance these changes are the wire electrode lengths, variation in distances between the electrode holders, and the condition of the surface of the cadmium disc electrode, with and without cadmium dust
particles.
Variations of ignition sensitivity for V.D.E. standard intrinsic safety apparatus and other factors affecting its calibration
Authors: Silver S
Published: July 2017

Operators of the German Standard Intrinsic Safety Test Apparatus (VDE 0170/0171, 1963) in the United States and in the United Kingdom, have expressed concern over the occasional and not so occasional instances when this apparatus has appeared to have gone out of
calibration during intrinsic safety testing of some electrical equipment. To gain an understanding of these erratic occurrences the apparatus was subjected to many hours of test runs with explosive hydrogen-air mixtures and the standard 24 volt electrical circuit consisting of a 95 mH inductance
coil. The large variations in the ignition sensitivities for this apparatus were noted as the electrodes were progressively worn and eroded due to ordinary usage and explosions. The ignition sensitivity variations were considerably decreased by a slight modification to the wire electrodes. The
apparatus was then used to study the effects on the ease of ignitions of hydrogen-air mixtures by such external parameters as: atmospheric pressure, hydrogen-air ratio, water condensate on electrodes, temperature, air humidity, and open-circuit voltage of the standard electrical circuit. This
investigation indicated that the observed variations in ignition sensitivity are due to both the external parameter changes (affecting the ease of ignition of mixtures) and changes in the apparatus from usage.
Design and tests of a mechanical device that produces synthetic gas-air explosion pressures
Authors: Silver S
Published: July 2017

Pressure transducers (the spark plug types) are used to measure the peak explosion pressures developed inside flameproof electrical enclosures during gas-air explosion testing. These explosion tests are conducted when investigating electrical enclosures for
certification purposes if they had not been previously tested by other certifying authorities. These pressure transducers normally undergo periodic re-calibration to ensure that the explosion test results are valid. To assist this procedure a special mechanical device was designed here that allows
operators to calibrate and check the specifications of such transducers with increased accuracy and efficiency. The mechanical features of this device are: a) to change the pressure on the diaphragm of the transducer from one level to another, and b) to control the rates of this pressure change.
This report provides a brief description and the operational technique for this device. Also some of the problems that were encountered during its preliminary trials and their solutions are discussed. A typical example is given for the re-calibration, as well as the amplitude and frequency response
check for one transducer.