bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of hyperglycemia and amadori products by aminoguanidine in alloxan-diabetic rabbits occurs via enhancement in antioxidant defenses and control of stress
Authors: Arif Binish , Arif Zarina , Ahmad Jamal , Perveen Kahkashan , Bukhari Najat A. , Ashraf Jalaluddin M. , Moinuddin  , Alam Khursheed
Published: January 2022

The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.
Immunogenicity and waning immunity from the oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol™) in adults residing in Lukanga Swamps of Zambia
Authors: Ng′ombe Harriet , Simuyandi Michelo , Mwaba John , Luchen Charlie Chaluma , Alabi Peter , Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya , Mubanga Cynthia , Hatyoka Luiza Miyanda , Muchimba Mutinta , Bosomprah Samuel , Chilengi Roma , Kwenda Geoffrey , Chisenga Caroline Cleopatra
Published: January 2022

Introduction

In cholera endemic areas, the periodicity of cholera outbreaks remains unpredictable, making it difficult to organize preventive efforts. Lack of data on duration of protection conferred by oral cholera vaccines further makes it difficult to determine when to deploy preemptive vaccination. We report on the immunogenicity and waning of immunity to Shanchol™ in Lukanga Swamps.

Methods

We enrolled a cohort of 223 participants aged between 18 and 65 years old from whom serum samples were collected at baseline, day 28 before administration of the second dose, and consecutively at 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, and 48 months. Vibriocidal antibody titres were measured and expressed as geometric mean titres. Box plots and 95% CI were computed at each visit for both Inaba and Ogawa. Seroconversion was defined as a four fold or greater increase in antibody titres compared to baseline titres.

Results

Overall, seroconversion against V. cholerae Inaba and Ogawa after 1st dose was 35/134 (26%) and 34/134 (25%) respectively. We observed a statistical difference in seroconversion between the two subgroups of baseline titres (low <80 and high ≥80) for both Inaba (p = 0.02) and Ogawa (p<0.0001). From a baseline of 13.58, anti-Ogawa GMT increased to 21.95 after the first dose, but rapidly waned to 14.52, 13.13, and 12.78 at months 6, 12 and 24 respectively, and then increased to 13.21, 18.67 and 23.65 at months 30, 36 and 48 respectively. A similar trend was observed for anti-Inaba GMT across the same time points.

Conclusion

We found that Shanchol™ was immunogenic in our study population and that vibriocidal antibodies may not be a good marker for long-term immunity. The observed rise in titres after 36 months suggests natural exposure, and this may be a critical time window opening for natural transmission in an endemic areas. We recommend re-vaccination at this time point in high risk areas.
DNMT1 regulates the timing of DNA methylation by DNMT3 in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ito Takamasa , Kubiura-Ichimaru Musashi , Murakami Yuri , Bogutz Aaron B. , Lefebvre Louis , Suetake Isao , Tajima Shoji , Tada Masako
Published: January 2022

DNA methylation (DNAme; 5-methylcytosine, 5mC) plays an essential role in mammalian development, and the 5mC profile is regulated by a balance of opposing enzymatic activities: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TETs). In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), de novo DNAme by DNMT3 family enzymes, demethylation by the TET-mediated conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmC), and maintenance of the remaining DNAme by DNMT1 are actively repeated throughout cell cycles, dynamically forming a constant 5mC profile. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism and physiological significance of this active cyclic DNA modification in mouse ESCs remain unclear. Here by visualizing the localization of DNA modifications on metaphase chromosomes and comparing whole-genome methylation profiles before and after the mid-S phase in ESCs lacking Dnmt1 (1KO ESCs), we demonstrated that in 1KO ESCs, DNMT3-mediated remethylation was interrupted during and after DNA replication. This results in a marked asymmetry in the distribution of 5hmC between sister chromatids at mitosis, with one chromatid being almost no 5hmC. When introduced in 1KO ESCs, the catalytically inactive form of DNMT1 (DNMT1CI) induced an increase in DNAme in pericentric heterochromatin and the DNAme-independent repression of IAPEz, a retrotransposon family, in 1KO ESCs. However, DNMT1CI could not restore the ability of DNMT3 to methylate unmodified dsDNA de novo in S phase in 1KO ESCs. Furthermore, during in vitro differentiation into epiblasts, 1KO ESCs expressing DNMT1CI showed an even stronger tendency to differentiate into the primitive endoderm than 1KO ESCs and were readily reprogrammed into the primitive streak via an epiblast-like cell state, reconfirming the importance of DNMT1 enzymatic activity at the onset of epiblast differentiation. These results indicate a novel function of DNMT1, in which DNMT1 actively regulates the timing and genomic targets of de novo methylation by DNMT3 in an enzymatic activity-dependent and independent manner, respectively.
Neonatal brain injury influences structural connectivity and childhood functional outcomes
Authors: Ramirez Alice , Peyvandi Shabnam , Cox Stephany , Gano Dawn , Xu Duan , Tymofiyeva Olga , McQuillen Patrick S.
Published: January 2022

Neonatal brain injury may impact brain development and lead to lifelong functional impairments. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are two common causes of neonatal brain injury differing in timing and mechanism. Maturation of whole-brain neural networks can be quantified during development using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in combination with graph theory metrics. DMRI of 35 subjects with CHD and 62 subjects with HIE were compared to understand differences in the effects of HIE and CHD on the development of network topological parameters and functional outcomes. CHD newborns had worse 12–18 month language (P<0.01) and 30 month cognitive (P<0.01), language (P = 0.05), motor outcomes (P = 0.01). Global efficiency, a metric of brain integration, was lower in CHD (P = 0.03) than in HIE, but transitivity, modularity and small-worldness were similar. After controlling for clinical factors known to affect neurodevelopmental outcomes, we observed that global efficiency was highly associated with 30 month motor outcomes (P = 0.02) in both groups. To explore neural correlates of adverse language outcomes in CHD, we used hypothesis-based and data-driven approaches to identify pathways with altered structural connectivity. We found that connectivity strength in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tract 2 was inversely associated with expressive language. After false discovery rate correction, a whole connectome edge analysis identified 18 pathways that were hypoconnected in the CHD cohort as compared to HIE. In sum, our study shows that neonatal structural connectivity predicts early motor development after HIE or in subjects with CHD, and regional SLF connectivity is associated with language outcomes. Further research is needed to determine if and how brain networks change over time and whether those changes represent recovery or ongoing dysfunction. This knowledge will directly inform strategies to optimize neurologic functional outcomes after neonatal brain injury.
Making doctors stay: Rethinking doctor retention policy in a contracted-out primary healthcare setting in urban Bangladesh
Authors: Bashar Farzana , Islam Rubana , Khan Shaan Muberra , Hossain Shahed , Sikder Adel A. S. , Yusuf Sifat Shahana , Adams Alayne M.
Published: January 2022

Background

“Contracting Out” is a popular strategy to expand coverage and utilization of health services. Bangladesh began contracting out primary healthcare services to NGOs in urban areas through the Urban Primary Health Care Project (UPHCP) in 1998. Over the three phases of this project, retention of trained and skilled human resources, especially doctors, proved to be an intractable challenge. This paper highlights the issues influencing doctor’s retention both in managerial as well as service provision level in the contracted-out setting.

Methodology

In this qualitative study, 42 Key Informant Interviews were undertaken with individuals involved with UPHCP in various levels including relevant ministries, project personnel representing the City Corporations and municipalities, NGO managers and doctors. Verbatim transcripts were coded in ATLAS.ti and analyzed using the thematic analysis. Document review was done for data triangulation.

Results

The most cited problem was a low salary structure in contrast to public sector pay scale followed by a dearth of other financial incentives such as performance-based incentives, provident funds and gratuities. Lack of career ladder, for those in both managerial and service delivery roles, was also identified as a factor hindering staff retention. Other disincentives included inadequate opportunities for training to improve clinical skills, ineffective staffing arrangements, security issues during night shifts, abuse from community members in the context of critical patient management, and lack of job security after project completion.

Conclusions

An adequate, efficient and dedicated health workforce is a pre-requisite for quality service provision and patient utilization of these services. Improved career development opportunities, the provision of salaries and incentives, and a safer working environment are necessary actions to retain and motivate those serving in managerial and service delivery positions in contracting out arrangements.
Non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the immunogenic regions of HIV-1 envelope reduce mucosal infection and virus burden in humanized mice
Authors: Hioe Catarina E. , Li Guangming , Liu Xiaomei , Tsahouridis Ourania , He Xiuting , Funaki Masaya , Klingler Jéromine , Tang Alex F. , Feyznezhad Roya , Heindel Daniel W. , Wang Xiao-Hong , Spencer David A. , Hu Guangnan , Satija Namita , Prévost Jérémie , Finzi Andrés , Hessell Ann J. , Wang Shixia , Lu Shan , Chen Benjamin K. , Zolla-Pazner Susan , Upadhyay Chitra , Alvarez Raymond , Su Lishan
Published: January 2022

Antibodies are principal immune components elicited by vaccines to induce protection from microbial pathogens. In the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial, vaccine efficacy was 31% and the sole primary correlate of reduced risk was shown to be vigorous antibody response targeting the V1V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. Antibodies against V3 also were inversely correlated with infection risk in subsets of vaccinees. Antibodies recognizing these regions, however, do not exhibit potent neutralizing activity. Therefore, we examined the antiviral potential of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunodominant V1V2 and V3 sites by passive administration of human mAbs to humanized mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, followed by mucosal challenge with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone expressing the envelope of a tier 2 resistant HIV-1 strain. Treatment with anti-V1V2 mAb 2158 or anti-V3 mAb 2219 did not prevent infection, but V3 mAb 2219 displayed a superior potency compared to V1V2 mAb 2158 in reducing virus burden. While these mAbs had no or weak neutralizing activity and elicited undetectable levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), V3 mAb 2219 displayed a greater capacity to bind virus- and cell-associated HIV-1 envelope and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and C1q complement binding as compared to V1V2 mAb 2158. Mutations in the Fc region of 2219 diminished these effector activities in vitro and lessened virus control in humanized mice. These results demonstrate the importance of Fc functions other than ADCC for antibodies without potent neutralizing activity.
Animals as Main Characters in the Dreams in Plutarch
Authors: Romero-González Dámaris
Published: January 2022

Three dreams have animals as main characters in Plutarch’s works: Themistocles 26.3 (a snake that changes into an eagle), Cimon 18.2 (a barking dog) and De sera 555 B-C (wolves and vultures). In these three cases Plutarch uses animals in order to foresee the immediate future of the dreamers but also because of the mythological and literary symbolism they have. This paper will focus on these symbolisms related to the dreams.
Counting the Letters of the Alphabet. A Reading of Plutarch, Quaestiones convivales 9.3
Authors: Roskam Geert
Published: January 2022

The last book of Plutarch’s Quaestiones convivales contains several discussions of literary and grammatical topics. The present article focuses on Quaest. conv. 9.3, which deals with the number of the letters in the alphabet. This question is raised by ‘Plutarch’ to Hermeias the geometer. It is first argued that this qualifies as an excellent sympotic question (according to Plutarch’s own standards). Then, attention is given to the solution proposed by ‘Plutarch’ himself (738DE), to the learned reply by Hermeias (738EF), and to the final critical evaluation by Zopyrio (738F-739A). This detailed interpretation of the Quaestio should help in revealing the argumentative dynamics of Plutarch’s philosophical approach in the Quaestiones convivales.
Demosthenes and Philip’s Death
Authors: Recreo Silvia Vergara
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to analyse the episode about Demosthenes’ reaction to Philips’ death both in Aeschines and Plutarch, comparing persuasive devices used by each writer when searching for the audience response that each of them wants. Firstly, we will verify the rhetorical strategies from forensic oratory that Aeschines uses in Against Ctesiphon to portray Demosthenes as a threat to community welfare. Finally, we will emphasise epideictic techniques in the Life of Demosthenes, which allow Plutarch to show a much more favourable image of Demosthenes than Aeschines does.
A casa da Rua da Princesa em Tróia (Setúbal)
Authors: Madeira José Luis , Alarcão Jorge de
Published: January 2022

Em 1850 foi escavada em Tróia (Setúbal, Portugal) uma domus que se achava em excelente estado de conservação, pois ainda se mantinham as paredes do piso superior, com suas pinturas murais.Por incúria dos escavadores, as paredes foram ruindo à medida que iam sendo escavadas. A derrocada prosseguiu ao longo do séc. XIX.
Recorrendo ao sumário relatório das escavações de 1850, a fotografias antigas, ao que vários autores escreveram sobre a casa e ao que hoje dela resta, tentamos uma reconstituição do que seria a domus.
Faróis romanos no Atlântico e Canal da Mancha
Authors: Mantas Vasco Gil
Published: January 2022

O estudo dos faróis romanos, durante muito tempo limitado a alguns poucos sítios exemplares, de que sobrevivem descrições escritas ou ruínas identificáveis, ganhou nos últimos anos notável desenvolvimento. Apesar de representarem apenas uma parcela limitada daqueles que actualmente se conhecem, os faróis do litoral atlântico contam com alguns dos mais representativos destes monumentos utilitários e simbólicos.O reconhecimento do valor estratégico e comercial da rota atlântica implicou uma atenção renovada sobre os faróis que a serviam, grandes e pequenos, e sobre as suas funções e tipologia. Neste artigo procuramos fazer o ponto da situação sobre os faróis existentes entre o Estreito de Gibraltar e o Mar do Norte, sugerindo o estabelecimento de uma rede constituída gradualmente e de variada tipologia.
Traquest Model
Authors: Rátai Dániel Balázs , Horváth Zoltán , Porkoláb Zoltán , Tóth Melinda
Published: January 2022

Atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability are essential properties of many distributed systems. They are often abbreviated as the ACID properties. Ensuring ACID comes with a price: it requires extra computing and network capacity to ensure that the atomic operations are done perfectly, or they are rolled back.

When we have higher requirements on performance, we need to give up the ACID properties entirely or settle for eventual consistency. Since the ambiguity of the order of the events, such algorithms can get very complicated since they have to be prepared for any possible contingencies. Traquest model is an attempt for creating a general concurrency model that can bring the ACID properties without sacrificing a too significant amount of performance.
The Case for Express Compulsory Mediation in England and Wales
Authors: Milgo Mercy Cherono
Published: January 2022

The current official position on compulsory mediation in England and Wales is that the courts do not have the power to compel parties to mediate but can impose cost sanctions on parties who unreasonably refuse to mediate. Nevertheless, the courts in England and Wales have ordered parties to mediate. Additionally, the courts’ application of the Halsey factors in deciding when a party’s refusal to mediate will be deemed unreasonable, has arguably created a body of divergent case law. This article argues that mediation should be made compulsory for civil disputes in England and Wales to remedy the existing state of uncertainty.
Foreword
Authors: Jacob Robin
Published: January 2022

Foreword
Preface
Authors: Bradley Joshua Daniel , Ito Shinya , Roukhamieh-Mckinna Nabila
Published: January 2022

Preface
2022 IGWS calendar
Authors: Clifford Sara , Knauth William , Sturgeon Polly , Lanman Jennifer , Johnson Matthew , Hill Barbara
Published: January 2022

The annual Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on an area of Survey research, interest or history. The topic of the 2022 calendar is scientific illustrations. For nearly 50 years between them, two artist-draftsmen, Robert "Bob" Judah and Wilbur "Bill" Stalions, translated scientific concepts and research into a visual medium so that more people, including those without a scientific background, could understand the work of the Survey. This calendar contains scans of some original works which have been kept in Survey archives and have not been visible to the public, as well as previously published works from multiple decades.
Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Behavior in Animals Treated with Dexametasone and Submitted to Pentylenetetrazol Kindling
Authors: Guzzo Edson Fernando Muller , Rosa Gabriel de Lima , Bremm Rafael Padilha , Meska Caroline Paula , Vargas Carmen Regla , Coitinho Adriana Simon
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an excessive production of reactive oxygen species that cannot be neutralized by the action of antioxidants, but also as an alteration of the cellular redox balance. The relationship between OS and epilepsy is not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on OS levels and memory in the kindling model induced by pentylenetetrazole.Methods: The animals were divided in six groups: control group that received no treatment, vehicle group treated with vehicle, diazepam group, and groups treated with dexamethasone (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg). Treated animals received pentylenetetrazole in alternated days for 15 days. Inhibitory avoidance test was conducted in 2 hours and OS was evaluated after animal sacrifice.Results: Regarding the treatment with dexamethasone, there was no significant difference when compared to the control groups in relation to the inhibitory avoidance test. On OS levels, there was a decrease in catalase activity levels in the hippocampus and an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and glutathione peroxidase levels in the hippocampus.Conclusions: The anticonvulsant effect of dexametasone remains uncertain. Immunological mechanisms, with the release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, seem to be the key to this process. The mechanisms that generate OS are probably related to the anticonvulsant effects found.
Kajian Etnobiologi Kelompok Etnik Dani: Bentuk Interaksi Masyarakat Dengan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja, Manokwari, Papua Barat
Authors: Morip Tepinus , Krey Keliopas , Pattiselanno Freddy
Published: January 2022

Selain sebagai penyedia air bersih, potensi flora dan fauna Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja (TWA Gunung Meja), sangat menjanjikan. Karena letaknya yang mudah diakses serta lokasinya yang berada di dalam kota Manokwari, interaksi yang terjadi antara masyarakat dengan kawasan ini juga sangat tinggi dan berdampak terhadap potensi keanekaragaman hayatinya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bentuk interaksi antara kelompok etnik Dani dengan TWA Gunung Meja serta merekam informasi etnobiologi mereka dan melakukan penilaian deskriptif dampak pemanfaatan terhadap kondisi lingkungan TWA Gunung Meja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan dan semua hasil observasi dan wawancara yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Pendekatan kontekstual digunakan untuk menjelaskan situasi di lapangan untuk melengkapi deskripsi lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh spesies tumbuhan dari enam famili dan enam spesies hewan dari enam famili dimanfaatkan oleh kelompok etnik Dani di kawasan TWA Gunung Meja. Tujuan pemanfaatannya bervariasi untuk kebutuhan sandang, pangan, energi dan pengobatan medis dan asesori budaya. Bagian tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan berragam terdiri dari batang, ranting, dahan, daun, buah dan kulit, sedangkan daging, lemak, empedu, kulit, cakar dan taring adalah bagian tubuh hewan yang dimanfaatkan kelompok etnik Dani sesuai tujuan pemanfaatannya.ABSTRACTApart from being a provider of clean water, the potential of flora and fauna of the Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park (TWA Gunung Meja) is very promising. Due to its easily accessible and its location within the city of Manokwari, the interaction that occurs between the community and this area is also very high and creates impact on its biodiversity potential. This study aims to study the form of interaction between the Dani ethnic group and TWA Gunung Meja as well as record their ethnobiological information. We conduct a descriptive assessment of the impact of utilization on the environmental conditions of TWA Gunung Meja. This research is a descriptive study with observation, interview and literature study techniques and all observations and interviews obtained in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A contextual approach is used to explain the situation in the field to complete the description of the research location. The results showed that there were seven plant species from six families and six animal species from six families used by the Dani ethnic group in the TWA Gunung Meja area. The purpose of its use varies for the needs of clothing, food, energy and medical treatment and cultural accessories. The various parts of the plant used consist of stems, twigs, branches, leaves, fruit and skin, while meat, fat, gall, skin, claws and fangs are animal body parts used by the Dani ethnic group according to their intended use
Pendampingan Gizi Spesifik dan Perilaku Ibu dalam Pola Asuh Anak Stunting Usia 6-24 Bulan
Authors: Simbolon Demsa , Soi Beatrix , Ludji Ina Debora Ratu , Bakoil Mareta Bakale
Published: January 2022

Background: From pregnancy, until the child is two years old, it is a prone period for stunting due to inadequate nutritional care at the family level. Mothers' ability in parenting and child health will affect their nutritional status and health, especially mothers who have stunted children. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of specific nutrition assistance (SNA) through empowering cadres to change the behavior (knowledge, attitudes, practices) of mothers who have stunted children aged 6-24 months.Method: The research used a quasi-experiment with pre-post design with a control group. The research was conducted in Bengkulu Utara (BU) District and Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) District. The intervention group received SNA for six months (June-November 2019) by Posyandu cadres and health workers. The control group received standard services from the Health Center or the Posyandu. Whilst, the intervention group received nutrition and health counseling during home visits. Mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in parenting and child health nutrition were measured as dependent variables. Sample of 120 mothers with stunted children aged 6-24 months. Data analysis used independent t-test and dependent t-test.Results: The SNA was effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers. The increased knowledge, attitudes, and practices were higher in the intervention group both in BU District (116%) and TTS District (26.33%). In BU District, there was an increase in knowledge (116%), attitude (40%), and practices (20.07%), likewise in TTS District; there was an increase in knowledge (26.33%), attitudes (42.5%), and practices (22.15%) which are significantly different from the increase in the practices of the control group. SNA needs to be carried out continuously to increase mothers' ability in parenting and child health. Therefore, that stunted children can catch up with their height growth.
Penggunaan Kontrasepsi pada Perempuan dengan HIV di Dunia
Authors: Marista Dayu , Nurmala Ira
Published: January 2022

Background: HIV infection is a public health problem. In 2019, more than 38 million people were living with HIV, and more than 1.7 million people contracted HIV. On the other hand, it was reported that infant morbidity and mortality remained high, with more than 160,000 infants contracting HIV and more than 100,000 dying from AIDS-related causes. Increased access and improved service programs to control HIV transmission from mother to child are in line with the increasing number of pregnant women with HIV. Women with HIV and their partners need to plan carefully before deciding to have children. Women living with HIV and their partners need to take advantage of services that provide information and contraceptive tools to prevent unplanned pregnancies. The study aimed to understand how HIV-infected women chose contraceptives.Method: Search for articles with a systematic review using four databases consisting of Pubmed, Science Direct, Sage, and Emerald Insight with a publication range of 2017-2020. The keywords used were contraceptive use AND HIV women. The inclusion criteria used were women with HIV aged 15-49 years and used a cross-sectional design.Results: The findings indicated that injections, condoms, and implants were the most common methods of contraception used by women with HIV. Motivation for contraceptive use in women with HIV is influenced by age, marital status, knowledge, number of children, education, previous history of contraceptive use, history of childbirth, lack of fertility desires, income, residence, CD4 count, child's HIV status and partner's HIV status.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Wellingbom 2.0 terhadap Kemampuan Suami Mendeteksi Dini Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi
Authors: Pratamaningtyas Susanti , Titisari Ira
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the health sector. In Kediri, pregnant women have limited access to checking their conditions. Many high-risk pregnancies are happening, especially in the Sukorame area. It makes the family, especially the husband, should pay more attention to his wife’s pregnancy. However, husbands often have no idea about pregnancy, including how to detect early high-risk pregnancy conditions. It often leads to delays in handling this problem. This study aimed to determine the effect of using The Wellingbom 2.0 Application on husbands' ability to detect early high-risk pregnancies.Method: This study used a research and development design with a descriptive and quasi-experiment approach. The population was 100 people. Samples were 80 people using incidental sampling techniques with the inclusion criteria were husbands of pregnant women who live in the working area of Sukorame Health Center and have an android-based smartphone, also they must be able to operate it. The data that have been collected were conducted normality test and then tested using Wilcoxon match pair statistic test by SPSS 16.00. Respondents pretested and were given an application for one week, after which the posttest was done.Results: The result of the normality test showed p-values of 0.004 for pretest and  0.000 for posttest, this indicates abnormally distributed data. Further analyzed using non-parametric sample Wilcoxon 2-paired test showed p-value 0.000, which means Ha accepted. It showed a significant change in respondents' ability to perform early detection to high-risk pregnancy after using the wellingbom 2.0 application. It would be better if husbands were also being educated about high-risk pregnancies to increase their awareness of their wives’ pregnancies.
Prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D y su relación con la hormona paratiroidea
Authors: Ravelo Marrero Alejandro José , Guillén Carlos Antonio , Menacho Román Miriam , Rosillo Marta , Del Rey José Manuel , Gómez Ana , Terán María Andreína , Vázquez Mónica , Arribas Ignacio
Published: January 2022

Objetivos

Evaluamos la prevalencia del déficit de la 25-hidroxivitamina D (25-(OH)D) en nuestro entorno, en función de la estación del año, el sexo y la edad de los sujetos. Así mismo, analizamos su relación con los niveles de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH).

Métodos

La población de estudio estaba compuesta por pacientes con peticiones de análisis de 25-(OH)D entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2018, registradas en la base de datos del sistema informático del laboratorio. Se excluyeron las muestras de pacientes pediátricos (<18 años), así como de aquellos sujetos con factores que pudieran afectar a los niveles de 25-(OH)D y/o PTH (e.g. insuficiencia renal, enfermedad hepática, trastornos de la PTH).

Resultados

En los 33.601 pacientes (24.028 mujeres y 9.573 hombres), la prevalencia del déficit de 25-(OH)D fue del 48%. Se observó una mayor prevalencia entre los hombres, frente a las mujeres (53% vs. 46%). Por grupos de edad, la prevalencia fue mayor en el cuartil 1 (Q1, 74–87 años) y menor en el cuartil 2 (Q2, 60–73 años). Por estación del año, este déficit fue mayor en primavera (diferencias no significativas con respecto al invierno) y menor en verano. La relación entre la 25-(OH)D y la PTH se evaluó en 9.368 personas. El análisis de regresión lineal mostró una asociación débil (coeficiente – 0,303). El análisis de regresión logística múltiple reveló una relación significativa entre el déficit de 25-(OH)D y niveles elevados de PTH (Odds ratio (OR), 1,63). Otros factores de riesgo asociados a mayores niveles de PTH fueron el sexo (OR, 1,27), la estación del año (invierno, OR 1,63, primavera OR 1,16) y la edad (cuartil 1, OR, 3).

Conclusiones

La prevalencia del déficit de 25-(OH)D variaba según el sexo, la edad y la estación del año. Además, la elevación de la PTH está principalmente relacionada con niveles bajos de 25-(OH)D, el género femenino, la estación y la edad.
Fused pyrrolo-pyridines and pyrrolo-(iso)quinoline as anticancer agents
Authors: Amariucai-Mantu Dorina , Antoci Vasilichia , Sardaru Monica Cornelia , Al Matarneh Cristina Maria , Mangalagiu Ionel , Danac Ramona
Published: January 2022

This work emphasizes the synthesis strategies and antiproliferative related properties of fused pyrrolo-pyridine (including indolizine and azaindoles) and pyrrolo-(iso)quinoline derivatives recently reported in literature.
The adjunct condition and the nature of adjuncts
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a Minimalist analysis of the Adjunct Condition. It shows that extraction from adverbial adjuncts is common, and it reviews and extends (Truswell, Robert. 2011.Events, phrases, and questions. Oxford: Oxford University Press analysis), which holds that extractions are grammatical when the adjunct and matrix predicates together constitute a macro-event. Syntactically, a UI feature (representing “unintegration”) on adjuncts must be active at either LF or PF; where it is active ill-formedness results. However, if a macro-event is possible, UI is inactivated at LF, allowing extraction; and though an active UI at PF normally causes ill-formedness, this is repairable by sluicing. This analysis improves on existing analyses by accounting for possible extractions, island repair by sluicing, and the basic conception of adjuncts as relatively unintegrated phrases.
Laboratory Model Test of Fully Buried Portal Frame-Shaped Slope-Stabilizing Piles
Authors: Dai Zihang , Qiu Zhihua , Li Hengyang , Lu Caijin , Yang Jianhui
Published: January 2022

Fully buried portal frame-shaped piles have been widely used to control and stabilize large-scale landslides or slopes. However, the working mechanism of portal frame piles, such as the soil–pile interaction and load transfer behavior, is still not fully understood, which has limited the development of effective pile designs and construction. In this study, a well-designed laboratory model test was conducted in a sandy soil slope with a man-made slip surface. Nine portal frame piles were installed, synthetically considering the pile spacing between the rear and front piles as well as the support condition of the pile ends. To make the test closer to reality, in addition to a small thrust due to the excavation of the slope, greater landslide thrusts were imposed on the rear side of the portal frame piles by gradually applying static loads on the top of the slope. It is found that in addition to a concentrated thrust transferred via the cap beam, a landslide thrust accounting for 30 to 60 % of the landslide thrust on the rear pile was transmitted to the front pile by the soil sandwiched between the rear and front piles, which should not be ignored in designs. Meanwhile, to evenly mobilize the bearing capacity of both the rear and front piles, the reasonable spacing between them should be 1.0 to 1.5 times the diameter of the pile. The study also shows that portal frame piles should be embedded in a stable soil layer rather than the bedrock if they can meet the requirements for bearing capacity.
Preliminary Steps Toward Extracting the Specific Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Diagnoses From Criteria A and B Self-Reports
Authors: Gamache Dominick , Leclerc Philippe , Payant Maude , Mayrand Kristel , Nolin Marie-Chloé , Marcoux Louis-Alexandre , Sabourin Stéphane , Tremblay Marc , Savard Claudia
Published: January 2022

The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) retains six specific personality disorders (PDs) that can be diagnosed based on Criterion A level of impairment and Criterion B maladaptive facets. Those specific diagnoses are still underresearched, despite the preference expressed by most PD scholars for a mixed/hybrid classification. This study explores the possibility of using Criterion A and B self-report questionnaires to extract the specific AMPD diagnoses. Plausible prevalence estimates were found in three samples (outpatient PD, private practice, community; N = 766) using the facet score ≥ 2 and t score > 65 methods for determining the presence of a Criterion B facet; diagnoses had meaningful correlations with external variables. This study provides evidence—albeit preliminary—that the extraction of the specific AMPD PDs from self-report questionnaires might be a viable avenue. Ultimately, it could promote the use and dissemination of those diagnoses for screening purposes in clinical and research settings.
Presenilin Is Essential for ApoE Secretion, a Novel Role of Presenilin Involved in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Islam Sadequl , Sun Yang , Gao Yuan , Nakamura Tomohisa , Noorani Arshad Ali , Li Tong , Wong Philip C. , Kimura Noriyuki , Matsubara Etsuro , Kasuga Kensaku , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Tomita Taisuke , Zou Kun , Michikawa Makoto
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating dementia characterized by progressive memory loss and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein into amyloid plaques in patient brains. Mutations in presenilin (PS) lead to abnormal generation of Aβ, which is the major cause of familial AD (FAD), and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD (SAD) onset. However, whether dysfunction of PS is involved in the pathogenesis of SAD is largely unknown. We found that ApoE secretion was completely abolished in PS-deficient cells and markedly decreased by inhibition of γ-secretase activity. Blockade of γ-secretase activity by a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, decreased ApoE secretion, suggesting an important role of γ-secretase activity in ApoE secretion. Reduced ApoE secretion is also observed in nicastrin-deficient cells with reduced γ-secretase activity. PS deficiency enhanced nuclear translocation of ApoE and binding of ApoE to importin α4, a nuclear transport receptor. Moreover, the expression of PS mutants in PS-deficient cells suppressed the restoration effects on ApoE secretion compared with the expression of wild-type PS. Plasma ApoE levels were lower in FAD patients carrying PS1 mutations compared with normal control subjects. Our findings suggest a novel role of PS contributing to the pathogenesis of SAD by regulating ApoE secretion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFamilial AD (FAD) typically results from mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 (PS1), or PS2. Many PS mutants have been found to exert impaired γ-secretase activity and increased amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42)/Aβ40 ratio, which induce early amyloid deposition and FAD. On the other hand, apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD (SAD) and contributes to AD pathogenesis because it has reduced Aβ clearance capability compared with ApoE3 and ApoE2. FAD and SAD have long been considered to be caused by these two independent mechanisms; however, for the first time, we demonstrated that PS is essential for ApoE secretion and PS mutants affected ApoE secretionin vitroand in human samples, suggesting a novel mechanism by which PS is also involved in SAD pathogenesis.
Multimodal metaphor in ELT: combining theoretical knowledge and skills development
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Humanistycznych. Wydział Filologiczny, Awier Martyna
Published: January 2022

Multimodal metaphor combines elements of various modes (i.e. visual, written or auditory) and constitutes an attractive means of communication. The aim of the paper is to show that knowledge of metaphors should be taught in foreign language (FL) lessons along with the mother tongue. A pilot study on the effectiveness of the adoption of knowledge on metaphors in practical classes was conducted among students of English philology at the University of Bialystok. The issue was conducted by means of a specially designed Google survey and evaluation sheets. The paper presents some ways of introducing linguistic knowledge of metaphors to advanced FL learners. Furthermore, some practical class activities concerningmetaphor are proposed. Integratingmetaphor and practical exercises on metaphor in FL lessons broadens students’ linguistic knowledge. Developing metaphoric competence also enhances second language learners’ communicative ability, with a special emphasis on their metaphoric competence. Moreover, metaphor-based activities incite students’ analytical and critical thinking. Exercises on metaphors facilitate learners using the newly acquired knowledge in practice. Finally, adopting this approach contributes to promoting students’ autonomy and self-education.
„Długie, zielone, pachnie kiełbasą”. Problem deficytu żywności w sowieckich dowcipach językowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Lingwistyki Stosowanej. Katedra Studiów Interkulturowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, Kramar Rostysław
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to present linguistic jokes typical of the USSR, highlighting the problem of food shortages. Selected folklore miniatures included in the largest scientific catalogue of Soviet jokes were subjected to a cross-sectional analysis Sovetskij anekdot. Ukazatel’ sûžetov (Moscow 2014). It was established that in the folklore process aimed at ridiculing the inept Soviet economy, the language-game was an effective means of producing a comic effect.
Cognitive Linguistics and its tools in studying conceptual metaphor: research and practice in ESP
Authors:   Гродзенскi дзяржаўны унiверсiтәт iмя Янкi Купалы. Фiлалагiчны факультәт. Кафедра замежных моў, Лойка Марыя , Караткевiч Жанна ,   Гродзенскi дзяржаўны унiверсiтәт iмя Янкi Купалы. Фiлалагiчны факультәт. Кафедра англiйскай фiлалогii
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study is to show how the insights of cognitive linguistics can be applied in teaching/learning figurative expressions and develop an invariantmodel of communicativeoriented ESP teaching process. The research goal is associated with solving the tasks of theoretical and practical plans, such as studying a conceptual metaphor from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics and the theory of communicative foreign language teaching. Three practical tasks have been fulfilled: a sample of metaphorical expressions from authentic sources has been made and analyzed, and a sequence of the learning process stages and appropriate sources of information for use as a means of studying metaphor has been determined. A complex of research methods was applied, including linguistic analysis as well as linguodidactic methods of modelling, experimental teaching and questioning surveying. As a result of the study, a model of communicative-oriented teaching / learning of conceptual metaphor within ESP process has been elaborated.
Neue Richtungen in der Kanzleisprachenforschung der frühneuhochdeutschen Zeit
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie. Wydział Filologiczny. Instytut Filologii Germańskiej, Feret Andrzej S. , Feret Magdalena Z. ,   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach. Wydział Humanistyczny. Instytut Literaturoznawstwa i Językoznawstwa
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to provide an appraising discussion of Sylwia Firyn and Piotr A. Owsiński’s book Sprache der deutschsprachigen Kanzleien in der frühneuhochdeutschen Zeit im südlichen Ostseeraum. Teil 2 Morphologische Ebene. Zu den Kategorien des Adjektivs und den Ablautklassen. The book is a valuable scientific study of the history of the German chancery language, as evidenced by a very precise description of linguistic phenomena and numerous references to specialist literature, together with the authors’ discussions and comments.
Relative controllability of multiagent systems with pairwise different delays in states
Authors: Si Yuanchao , Wang JinRong
Published: January 2022

In this manuscript, relative controllability of leader–follower multiagent systems with pairwise different delays in states and fixed interaction topology is considered. The interaction topology of the group of agents is modeled by a directed graph. The agents with unidirectional information flows are selected as leaders, and the others are followers. Dynamics of each follower obeys a generic time-invariant delay differential equation, and the delays of agents, which satisfy a specified condition, are different one another because of the degeneration or burn-in of sensors. With a neighbor-based protocol steering, the dynamics of followers become a compact form with multiple delays. Solution of the multidelayed system without pairwise matrices permutation is obtained by improving the method in the references, and relative controllability is established via Gramian criterion. Further rank criterion of a single delay system is dealt with. Simulation illustrates the theoretical deduction.
Materials of the Western Trypillia Culture From the Settlements of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Tatarysky And Kubachivka
Authors:   PhD, Researcher, Radomskyi Ivan , Levinzon Yevhenii ,   Graduate student, National University of «Kyiv-Mohyla Academy», Nechytailo Pavlo ,   PhD, Researcher, State Enterprise Ukrainian Protective Archaeological Service at the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nechytailo Oleksandr ,   Archaeologist, local historian (1937—1998)
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of archaeological surveys at the Western Trypillia culture sites of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Tatarysky and Kubachivka in the 1990s and the 2000s. The article considers the history of research at these settlements from their discovery (in 1926 and 1947 respectively) until the present. The authors have specifically focused upon threats faced by the Kubachivka site, which keeps being destroyed by the eponymous quarry situated nearby. The study analyzes ceramics and flint and stone tools from the settlements. Ceramics from the Kamianets-Podilskyi, Tatarysky (3950—3900 ВСЕ) is represented by table and kitchen pottery. The first is decorated with a monochromic ornamental painting (black and brown colors); the most informative tableware are craters decorated with «face patterns» that are typical for the Mereșeuca local group, Stage BII (as per Taras M. Tkachuk). Tools are made from various raw materials including granitoids, Cenomanian and Turonian flint. The collection includes items related to the production of tools and other products (the attrition mill and the powder-crusher), waste and items of artifacts secondary processing. As far as Kubachivka settlement is concerned, the sample of ceramics materials is rather poor. The most of the items are not sufficiently intact. Upon having analyzed materials, we have been able to confirm the preliminary conclusions of prior researches. Stonework artifacts are also represented in a modest quantity of 9 pcs. These mostly include polished items as well as a hammered stone, plates, and suchlike. In our opinion, the ceramic artifacts discovered thereby should be ascribed to two chronological horizons, specifically: the BI—II and the BII stages. Further investigations will enable more precise chronologies.