bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exterior Features of Horses of the Scythian Time from the Archaeological Sites of the North Caucasus
Authors:   Zoological Museum of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Spasskaya Natalia , Kantorovich Anatoliy ,   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Maslov Vladimir ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrenko Vladimira , Belinskiy Andrey ,   “Heritage” Ltd, Vasilyeva Ekaterina ,   State Hermitage Museum, Kolpakova Alisa ,   Novorossiysk Historical Museum-Reserve, Moshinsky Alexander ,   State Historical Museum, Ryabkova Tatyana ,   State Hermitage Museum, Sablin Mikhail ,   Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishlov Alexander ,   Novorossiysk Historical Museum-Reserve, Fedorenko Natalia ,   Novorossiysk Historical Museum-Reserve, Pavlinov Igor ,   Zoological Museum of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2022

Using statistical methods, a comparative morphometric analysis of the bones of the distal limbs of horses from archaeological sites of the 7 th—4 th centuries BC was carried out for the first time for the territory of the North Caucasus, in particular the Ciscaucasia, Central and Northwestern Caucasus. In total, the analysis includes 14 sites, materials from 12 of them are published for the first time. The exterior of the horses is described, and some of its changes over 400 years are revealed. It is shown that along with the general uniformity of animals, there are certain differences between the sites left by different archaeological cultures. However, these ethnocultural features can also be largely due to differences in the ecological and geographical conditions for horse breeding. The limited amount of material does not allow us to confidently assert the presence of directed selection of horses and breed formation in this historical period, to determine the origin of horses from different archaeological cultures. However, the general uniformity of animals may indicate, if not the origin, then at least the significant influence of the Scythian horses on the local population. The paper also discusses some methodological aspects of the study of archaeozoological material.
Pyre Fuel for the Cremations of the Middle of the First Millennium AD in the Middle Volga Region
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Salova Yulia , Petrova Darya ,   Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Ponomarenko Elena ,   University of Ottawa, Kondrashin Vitaly ,   Kazan Federal University, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies in Archaeology and Ethnology
Published: January 2022

The paper presents results of charcoal and macrofossil analysis of the cremation burial grounds of the Imenkovo culture that occupied the Middle Volga region in 400—650 CE. We analyzed assemblages from four necropolises: Bogorodski, Maklasheevka 4, Komarovka and a burial ground from Zhigulevsk 2 site. Charred remains were recorded at the bottom of burials, among cremated bones or in the in-fill of graves and mortuary vessels. The assemblages contained charcoal, caryopses and stems of millet and cereals, seeds and stems of grasses and weeds, and shoots of thorny shrubs. The size of the charcoal pieces did not exceed 3 cm, being much smaller in most burials. The species composition of charcoal from cremations indicates that all locally-available woody taxa were used for the funeral pyre, instead of choosing certain types of trees for ritual purposes. Thus, the composition of the cremation fuel reflected the vegetation composition of the encasing landscape. Dominant charred taxa in the Imenkovo cremations were Tilia and Betula (linden and birch), the typical components of the “slash-and-burn landscape” of the Middle Volga region during this period. Despite the fact that all the burial grounds were located at the higher grounds in the landscape, the presence of riverine taxa — Alnus, Salix, and Ulmus (willow, alder and elm) and abundance of charred herbaceous remains in the charcoal spectra points at floodplains or mouths of gullies as a probable location of cremation platforms. An important detail of the funeral rite, revealed by the research, is placing unhulled millet, soaked and germinated before cremation, into the funeral pyre.
The Role of Positive Psychology In Fostering Growth
Authors: Franco Eric
Published: January 2022

In 1998, Martin Seligman proposed the theory of Positive Psychology in the field of Psychology. Over the years, positive psychology has proved to be an exciting and influential development in the field of psychology. Positive psychology is a study of the traits and habits of fully functioning human beings, which helps psychology experts, mental health professionals, and other human service professionals to understand and make best use of the human potential and to serve as a guide to where psychology can lead to in the foreseeable future. Rather than focus on causation of pathologies originating within the individual, positive psychology focus shifts to the interaction of the individual within their environment and the re-establishment and development of their own growth potential. Following a strengths-based ideology, positive psychology seeks to build and inspire the “good life worth living” rather than repairing the bad. The sequence of this meta-analysis of literature knowledge describes the historical development of positive psychology, its tenets, and their application in fostering growth. Keywords: Positive Psychology, Optimism, Happiness, Broadening, Courage, Self-efficacy, Strength, Subjective Well-being, Peak Performance, Satisfaction, Creativity, Goal-setting, Flourishing, Mindset, Constructs, Hope
Work pressure and job dissatisfaction: Challenges in Danish general practice
Authors: Oxholm Anne Sophie , Allen Thomas , Gyrd-Hansen Dorte , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Sydenham Rikke Vognbjerg , Pedersen Line Bjørnskov
Published: January 2022

A main objective of the Nordic healthcare systems is to deliver timely and equal access to high-quality healthcare to the entire population. Health care providers, such as general practitioners (GPs), may therefore experience pressure to deliver care from both the health authorities and patients. However, if GPs’ gains do not outweigh their costs of providing the demanded care, it may lead to job dissatisfaction and thereby potentially to poorer quality of care. This study contributes to the literature by estimating the association between different sources of experienced work pressure and job dissatisfaction among GPs. We use data from a nation-wide survey of Danish GPs distributed in 2019. The study includes six items covering GPs’ experienced work pressure, which we categorise based on the degree to which they are related to demands from either patients or health authorities. Using a series of ordered logit models with a rich set of explanatory variables, we estimate the association between the pressure measures and GP job dissatisfaction. We find that GPs reporting high or considerable work pressure have an increased likelihood of also reporting job dissatisfaction. However, we find considerable heterogeneity in this relationship across different sources of work pressure as well as across GP, practice, and area characteristics. For example, the relationship between pressure from patients’ demands for consultations and job dissatisfaction is stronger among GPs practicing in areas with an undersupply of GPs. Solo practitioners, who cannot share their administrative burdens with colleagues, experience a stronger association between pressure from the health authorities and job dissatisfaction. Policymakers should consider this heterogeneity when implementing new schemes and organisational structures affecting GPs’ work pressure.
Published: Online January 2022.
Using matching methods to account for selection bias in Norway’s Primary Care Teams (PCT) pilot
Authors: Snilsberg Øyvind
Published: January 2022

Norway is piloting team-based primary care delivery models: Honorarmodellen (HM) and Driftstilskuddsmodellen (DM). In addition to organisational changes, the DM transforms provider payment, which seems to attract specific practices. This, coupled with the small number of DM practices, makes it difficult to produce credible evidence regarding the model and its effects on health system performance. I examine whether matching methods—specifically, coarsened exact matching, propensity score matching, and propensity score weighting—can improve evaluation in this demanding situation. As in previous studies on the small sample performance of matching methods, I find no clear best method. This suggests using propensity score weighting, which does not discard data. In the final section of the article, I offer additional advice to help improve the evaluation in similar situations.
A Review of Parenting in A Multicultural Country: The Malaysian Experience
Authors: Masiran Ruziana
Published: January 2022

The multicultural nature of Malaysian parents expectedly gives rise to heterogenous parenting practices. Despite this heterogeneity, the country’s common collectivistic background that values familism may have shaped parenting behaviours. Since there is a great influence of culture on parenting, there appears to be a need to explore the Malaysian way of parenting. This review aimed to assess, synthesise, and organise the available research evidence on parenting behaviours and parent-child interactions in Malaysia. Recent publications from 2002 to 2021 were examined using a narrative approach. A literature search was conducted using the Scopus, Dimensions.ai, Google Scholar databases, and citation tracking using keywords such as parenting style, parenting, parent-child interaction, parent-child relation, and childrearing. Twenty-four papers on parenting styles, 13 on parenting practices, and 19 on parent-child interactions were included for review. The majority of the studies were quantitative and published in the last couple of years. While findings revealed diverse parenting styles in the country, culturally-conformed parenting behaviours are thought to be more effective than the standard authoritative parenting. Recommendations are made for future research.
Development of a Low-Cost Vibration Damper Dynamometer for Suspension Damper Testing
Authors: Liu Yucheng , He Ge
Published: January 2022

On performance vehicles, suspension dampers are used to reduce the vibration produced by variations in the driving surface, while simultaneously controlling the rate of load transfer between tires during lateral and longitudinal acceleration. To measure the characteristics of suspension dampers, a damper dynamometer is typically used to compress and elongate the dampers at a known speed, and then measure the force output. However, a commercial damper dynamometer is usually expensive and not always suitable for the dampers specifically designed for a customized vehicle. In this chapter, a cheap, customized, and effective damper dynamometer is constructed through computer-aided design, finite element analysis, and manufacture to measure the properties of suspension dampers used in a racecar. It was demonstrated through data analysis that this designed damper dynamometer can produce usable measurement data for a far lower cost than other methods.
Perturbation of Cellular Redox Status: Role of Nrf2, a Master Regulator of Cellular Redox
Authors: Gambhir Lokesh , Tyagi Garima , Bhardwaj Richa , Kapoor Neha , Sharma Gaurav
Published: January 2022

Regulation of cellular redox homeostasis determines the fate of the cell. Perturbation in redox status is known to elicit multiple cellular pathways. Role of oxidative stress modulation in channelizing the cell towards apoptosis or rescuing the cell by activating pro-survival pathways, depends on the levels of generated oxidative stress. High levels of generated oxidative stress induce cell death pathways whereas mild and low levels are known to elicit the cell survival pathways. Generation of ROS for a short duration of time inducing Redox ticking also triggers the pro-survival pathways inside the cell. Nrf2 is the redox sensitive prosurvival transcription factor which acts as master regulator of redox equilibrium. Nrf2 and its dependent genes including HO-1, GCLC, NQO1 etc. are involved in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Role of Nrf2 as dual edges sword has been highlighted in past decade. The cross talk between the Nrf2 and NF-κB is at the focal point of building the redox response network. The present chapter is aimed at providing the insight on the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB as redox sensitive transcription factors in regulating cellular redox status. Further, the chapter brings in light the therapeutic potential of targeting Nrf2 under multiple clinical settings.
What Moral Exemplars Can Teach Us About Virtue, Psychology, and Ourselves
Authors: Giebel Heidi M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2022

In this article, I discuss ethical lessons we can learn from the stories and beliefs of moral exemplars—and how these insights can complement and extend the knowledge we gain through theoretical study. First, exemplars teach us psychological lessons about the way in which virtue is developed and expressed: e.g., about role modeling and post-traumatic growth. Second, they teach us philosophical lessons about the nature of virtue itself and of particular ethical virtues: e.g., about how virtuous people deliberate and how they perceive the mean of virtue. Third, exemplars’ stories teach us personal lessons about our own lives and character: e.g., about how far we are from acting or even thinking like virtuous people—and how much better our lives would be if we were genuinely virtuous. I conclude by discussing an ethical puzzle moral exemplars have not helped me solve: apparent disunity of the virtues.
Izbor parametara C-filtra u distributivnim mrežama sa nelinearnim opterećenjem
Authors: Bjelić Slobodan , Marković Filip , Marković Nenad , Milićević Violeta
Published: January 2022

U radu je prikazan postupak određivanja C-filtra za poboljšanje oblika napona u distributivnim mrežama koje sadrže nelinearna opterećenja. Analizirana je i mogućnost da se klasični metodi analize uz pomoć Furijeovog reda i usvojene šeme u kojoj su parametri mreže, može izvesti proračun uticaja osnovnog harmonika na karakteristike režima. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata o parametrima mreže pre i posle postavljanja C-filtra izabranih kapacitivnosti, možemo zaključiti da se pri izboru C-filtra u distributivnim mrežama moraju prvo definisati strujni harmonici.
Ekonomski aspekt ekološko održivih procesa i implementacija koncepta nulte emisije u hemijskoj industriji
Authors: Glišić Slobodan
Published: January 2022

Jedno od ključnih pitanja u polju procesnog sistemskog inženjerstva istaknuto je pitanje održivosti. Pored ekonomske i energetske efikasnosti procesi moraju da budu i ekološki održivi, čime će se postići minimiziranje štetnog uticaja na okolinu. U tu svrhu koriste se različite metode koje se baziraju na korišćenju heuristike procesa, termodinamske analize i matematičkog programiranja. One na sistemski način omogućavaju identifikovanje mesta neefikasnog korišćenja sirovih materijala, vode, i energije kao i minimiziranje ispuštanja otpadnih tokova iz procesa, uz uvažavanje principa ponovnog korišćenja, regeneracije, recirkulacije i sprečavanja nastanka zagađenja na izvoru. Iz svega navedenog se može zaključiti da sistemske metode imaju veliki značaj u razvoju ekološko održivih procesa i implementaciji koncepta nulte emisije u hemijskoj industriji. U radu je na konkretnom primeru dizajniranja i optimizacije integralne mreže vode bazirane na superstrukturi i matematičkom programiranju prika­zana mogućnost dobijanja konceptualnog rešenja u kome se postiže potpuna integracija vode u procesu (zero liquid discharge).
Menadžerske kompenzacije i modeli za rešavanje agencijskog problema
Authors: Dogandžić Petar , Dogandzic Anja
Published: January 2022

Menadžeri kao nosioci funkcije upravljanja donose odluke kojima upravljaju akcionarskim društvom, koje bi trebalo da postignu rezultate i ciljeve koji su u interesu pre svega njegovih vlasnika odnosno akcionara. Tokom rada društva, menadžeri često donose odluke koje su prvenstveno usklađene sa njihovim ličnim interesima, dok se u drugi plan stavljaju interesi akcionara. Radi rešavanja ili ublažavanja ovog problema potrebno je identifikovati primenjive i delotvorne modele.  U radu se posebno ističe značaj menadžerskih kompenzacija baziranih na rezultatima poslovanja kompanije. Sistem nagrađivanja predstavlja strategijski instrument pomoću kojeg se uspostavlja povezanost interesa menadžera i interesa akcionara. Za povezivanje njihovih interesa neophodno je kompenzacione pakete zasnivati na kombinaciji različitih merila performansi. U cilju obezbeđenja kvalitetnog korporativnog upravljanja neophodno je formirati adekvatne organe kontrole njihovog rada, kao i skup pravila ili kodeksa koji se odnosi na korporativno upravljanje. Kombinacijom navedenih aktivnosti formira se i zadržava dobar odnos između vlasnika i menadžera uz realizaciju usklađenih interesa.
The neuroprotective effect of Rho-kinase Inhibition in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cellular model of neurodegeneration
Authors: Blagojević Sanja , Jeremić Marija , Jovanović-Tucović Maja
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridium (MPTP) induced model of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most commonly used experimental models. This neurotoxic agent , or rather its metabolite MPP+, leads to inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, an increase in free radicals' production and ATP depletion, all resulting in cellular demise and death. Rho-kinase is an enzyme involved with numerous cellregulatory mechanisms, such as cytoskeleton organization, axonogenesis, vesicular transport regulation and apoptosis regulation, which are all important for cell survival. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on the MPP+ induced model of neurodegeneration and the role of Akt and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in this process. Material and methods: The experiments were performed on the human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cell line. The MTT test was used to measure the viability of the cells after the MPP+ and/ or Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, treatments. Changes in activation levels, or expression of pAMPK, pAkt, AMPK and Akt, were measured using the immunoblotting method, and the protein levels were quantified by densitometry. Results: The MPP+ caused a dose-dependent decrease in cellular viability, compared to the control group (untreated cells), while fasudil treatment, prior to MPP+ exposure, improved cell viability in a dose dependant manner, compared to MPP+ treatment. Analysis of activation status of target proteins showed an increase in Akt activation after the fasudil treatment, while the AMPK activation was not significantly changed. Conclusion: Inhibition of Rho-kinase using fasudil causes a decrease in MPP+ induced cell death, which is possibly mediated by an activation of the Akt/PI3K signaling pathway.
Small-scale food producers in Serbia: The use of Facebook in the market
Authors: Šljukić Marica , Šljukić Srđan , Vidicki Vladan
Published: January 2022

The problem of small-scale food producers in Serbia is relatively recent and still insufficiently approached in sociological research, so this paper aims to provide a specific exploratory contribution. There is partial insight into this issue in terms of sociology of organizations and rural sociology; accordingly, the starting point for this analysis is a theoretical basis that is comprised of relevant theoretical views, which have been formed within the said sociological disciplines. The analysis includes the communication among various participants in the Facebook group Small-scale food producers in Serbia. The selected method is the qualitative content analysis with a focus on the thematic analysis. In the analysis, the following cognitive objectives have been set: 1) identifying major features of the small-scale food producer category in Serbia; 2) establishing their competitive advantage in the market; 3) identifying the characteristics of consumers for these producers' products and 4) identifying broad (the broadest) social factors that encourage and/or inhibit the functioning of this category of food producers.
Changes in migratory patterns of village youth: Example of the village of Kać
Authors: Stojšin Snežana
Published: January 2022

The basic aim of the paper is the analysis of the changes in migratory patterns of village youth on the basis of the results of the longitudinal research conducted in the village of Kać in 1999 and 2021 respectively. In both research studies the same questionnaire was used for data comparability. In the ongoing 2021 research, whose preliminary results will be presented in this paper, we have added a few items due to the presupposition that there are changes in the migratory patterns of village youth. Namely, the basic presupposition is that the difference in the migratory patterns of village youth is primarily reflected in the changes of the desired target place or target country, i.e. that a larger number of young people want to go abroad today that twenty years ago, when larger cities in Serbia were favoured. Another presupposition is that pull and push factors have remained the same to a great extent. The analysis of the results indicates that external migrations, i.e. going abroad, are more appealing than in the first research period in 1999, when Novi Sad was the most desirable migration destination. However, the analysis of pull and push factors in both research studies offers almost identical results, where the poor financial situation and the failure to find any job or a job in their own profession are the main rejection factors among the village youth even twenty years later.
Some reflections on the 60th anniversary of the continuation of the Sociološki pregled/Sociological Review (1961-2021)
Authors: Antonić Slobodan
Published: January 2022

On the occasion of the journal's anniversary, the author discusses three issues in the field of scientific policy in Serbia: the journal's language and script, the issue of the publisher, and the journal's place and role in the scientific community. The author concludes that the mass transition of scientific journals in Serbia to English, with the abolition of Serbian versions of texts (the tradition pursued by the Sociološki pregled / Sociological Review), leads not only to stopping the development of the domestic scientific terminology, but also to the stagnation and long-term disappearance of local (national) scientific communities. Scientific communities of individual countries or languages, particularly in the humanities and social sciences, are essential for scientific research of local (national) societies, their economic, social and cultural problems and specifics. Their gradual winding down can also be considered a form of cultural neocolonialism.
Value assignment of Reference Material 8404 almond flour for allergen detection
Authors: Phillips Melissa M , Bunk David M , Green Ashley B , Yen James H
Published: January 2022

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently released RM 8404 Almond Flour for Allergen Detection, which is intended for harmonizing measurements of allergenic proteins in foods. The material was purchased from a commercial vendor and data was obtained from an interlaboratory comparison exercise and collaborating laboratories. A description of the material, results, and data analysis are discussed in the following report.
Evaluation of ACL Graft by MRI: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Velicheti Sandeep , Ramadugu Amulya , Chalasani Kuladeep , Kotagiri Raghuram , Padavala Sateesh
Published: January 2022

The reconstruction of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a well established procedure for repair of ACL injury. Knowledge of normal appearances, the expected postoperative changes over time, and potential acute and chronic complications of this reconstruction procedure are essential. This study illustrates the role of MRI in evaluation of ACL reconstructions and their complications. MR imaging is the modality of choice for evaluation of ACL graft reconstruction. ACL graft complications such as abnormal tunnel positioning, partial and complete graft tears, arthrofibrosis, and tunnel cysts can be reliably assessed using MRI.
TRUMP'S PROTECTIONISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Poj Biljana
Published: January 2022

This article investigates to what extent Trump's protectionism influences the American steel industry and trade relationship with China. The investigation first looks at historical events, with the insight into one of the most controversial laws in the United States foreign trade policy - The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act - which exacerbated the Great Depression on the global scale. Further analysed are current American actions in a foreign trade relationship, with a particular reference to the relationship between the United States and China. This paper analyses the influence of the United States protectionist politics on production, imports, exports and employment rate in the United States steel industry.
The bridge above the steep: on the fate of spiritual heritage of the white émigré in modern Russia
Authors: Skorokhodova Svetlana Igorevna
Published: January 2022

The article is dedicates to the problem of spiritual continuity of generations, the solution of which allows extrapolating our future. It is claimed that the descendants of white émigré are a thin bridge across the historical rift that separates us from the prerevolutionary Russia, the objective markers that are not deformed by the “new incubatory ideology”. The author reveals the spiritual grounds of the life of the Eastern Russian diaspora in different historical periods based on communication with M. P. Taut, a former repatriate from Harbin, involving the documents from her personal archive, publications from journals and newspapers published by the descendants of white émigré at the present time. The key research principle lies in reference to the historical sources. It is substantiated that the restoration of intergenerational link prompts the progress in terms of preservation of the centuries-old values of the Russian civilization and openness to the technological modernization of the XXI century. The author believes that in the era of the oncoming Western globalism, which threatens the national identity and historical integrity of Russia, it is crucial to build the own path of development, adopting the experience of survival and spiritual heritage of the Russian world abroad. The conclusion is made on the need for active study of the documents from the personal archives of the descendants of repatriates, as they are the reservoir of life experience and the source of national self-cognition.
Promotion of a book in the publishing Internet discourse
Authors: Zoidze Ella Amiranovna
Published: January 2022

The relevance of this research is substantiated by sustained interest in the study of discourse applicable to various social institutions. Publishing discourse appeared in the limelight of the linguists not that long ago. The activity of publishers as a discursive practice intersects with the activity of commercial organizations and libraries. The communication of publishers with other actors in the process of book distribution is also carried via Internet. The goal of this research lies in examination of the means of book promotion in the online publishing discourse. The study leans on the material of the three websites of the English-language publishers. Analysis is conducted on the verbal text and audio-visual communication channels between the publishers and the audience. The analysis of practical material demonstrates that the publisher’s abstract implements the informational and evaluation functions. The additional sources of information on the publisher imply the citations from peer reviews, information about the author, various polycode texts (images and videos), as well as hypertext links to other commercial resources. The leading role in implementation of the informational-advertising functional is assigned to lexicon. Namely the nouns and adjectives affect the appellative-emotional functions. Perlocutive effect of the publisher’s abstract is enhanced by inclusion of citation text, both from the promoted work and reputable sources (newspapers and journals). Citations from peer reviews are usually presented fragmentary, and contain only complimentary statements, which form the attractive image of the book. The conducted research contributes to the development of marketing linguistics, the study of publisher’s paratext, publishing activity as discursive practice, and has prospects for further research in the area of marketing strategies aimed at promotion of books of various formats and genres on the offline and online platforms.
Przepis kulinarny jako przedmiot badań lingwistyki kontrastywnej
Authors: Haliniak Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie możliwości poznawczych badań nad kulinariami w ujęciu tekstologii kontrastywnej. Celem rozważań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, dlaczego warto analizować przepis kulinarny jako gatunek mowy w ramach tekstologii kontrastywnej, mimo że należy on do gatunków o standardowej strukturze. Zadaniem artykułu jest również przybliżenie aspektów i założeń tekstologii kontrastywnej. Rozważania zamyka przykładowe porównanie dwóch przepisów pochodzących z różnych czasów i kultur, które obrazuje, jakie różnice językowe (i nie tylko) wynikają z tego rodzaju analiz.
Analysis of formation and evolution of double Fano resonances in sub-wavelength dielectric grating/MDM waveguide/periodic photonic crystal
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhou Jian , Ding Zhi-Xin , Zhang Min , Zhu Qi-Guang ,   Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Test/Measurement Technology and Instrument, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China,   Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei province, School of Information Science and Engineering, YanShan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Published: January 2022

Based on the diffraction principle and the mode coupling theory, a composite micro-nano structure of sub-wavelength dielectric grating/metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide/periodic photonic crystal is proposed. Combined with the angle spectrum of reflection, the transmission characteristics of the surface plasmon polaritons and the generation mechanism of double Fano resonances at different incident angles and fixed wavelength are analyzed. The studies show that the physical mechanism of double Fano resonances is that the surface plasmon resonance generated at the interface of sub-wavelength dielectric grating and upper metal Ag film, and the waveguide mode resonance occurring in the MDM waveguide, provide the independently tunable double discrete states, under the condition of satisfying wave vector matching, which can be respectively coupled in the near field with the continuous state formed by the photonic band gap effect in the photonic crystal, thereby achieving the double Fano resonances. Then the influence of the structural parameters on the double Fano characteristics is analyzed quantitatively, and the evolution law of the double Fano resonances is explored by the change of the reflection spectra of resonance curves. The results show that the tuning between double Fano resonance curves and the resonance angles can be realized by changing the structural parameters. And under optimal conditions, the figure of merit (FOM) values of FR a and FR b in resonance A region can be as high as 460.0 and \begin{document}$ 4.00 \times {10^4} $\end{document}, and the FOM values of FR a and FR b in resonance B region can be as high as 269.2 and \begin{document}$ 2.22 \times {10^4} $\end{document}. The structure can provide an effective theoretical reference for designing the refractive index sensors based on Fano resonances.
Why do sunflowers have invisible colors?
Authors: Laurich Jason , O'Brien Anna M
Published: January 2022

In the common sunflower, patterns of UV-absorbing pigments are controlled by a newly identified regulatory region and may be under the influence of environmental factors.
Efficient sequestration of lead from aqueous systems by peanut shells and compost: evidence from fixed bed column and batch scale studies
Authors: Mustafa Shah Ghulam , Imran Muhammad , Aiman Umme , Mohsin Iqbal Muhammad , Akram Muhammad , Javeed Hafiz Muhammad Rashad , Waqar Atika , Rabbani Faiz
Published: January 2022

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive contaminant and poses a serious threat to living beings. The present study aims at batch and fixed bed column scale potential of commercial compost (CCB) and peanut shells biosorbents (PSB) for the sequestration of Pb from contaminated aqueous systems. The PSB and CCB were characterized with FTIR, SEM and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) to get insight of the adsorption behavior of both materials. Fixed bed column scale experiments were performed at steady state flow (2.5 and 5.0 mL/min), initial Pb concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L) and dosage of each adsorbent (3.0 and 6.0 g/column). Columns packed (15.9 cm2) with PSB and CCB have revealed excellent adsorption of Pb with PSB as compared with CCB. The total volume of injected contaminated water was 1,500 mL and 3,000 mL at 2.5 and 5.0 mL/min, respectively while total bed volume number was 157. A series of batch experiments with CCB and PSB was conducted at adsorbent dosage (1.25–5.0 g/L), initial Pb level (25–100 mg/L), interaction time (0–180 min) and solution pH (4–10) at room temperature. Batch scale results revealed that PSB removed 92% Pb from water at 25 mg Pb/L concentration as compared with CCB (79%). The presence of competing ions in groundwater showed less Pb removal as compared with synthetic water. The experimental data were simulated with equilibrium isothermal models: Langmuir, Freundlich, and kinetic models: pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion. The Freundlich and pseudo second order models better described the equilibrium and kinetic experimental data, respectively with maximum sorption of 42.5 mg/g by PSB which is also evident from FTIR functional groups and SEM results. While equilibrium sorption of Pb onto CCB was equally explained by Freundlich and Langmuir models. These findings indicate that PSB could be an active and ecofriendly biosorbent for the sequestration of metals from contaminated aqueous systems.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the VQ gene family in Cucurbita pepo L.
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Ping
Published: January 2022

VQ protein is a plant specific protein, which plays an important role in plant growth and development and biological and abiotic stress response. This study aimed to systematically analyze for the first time the VQ of Cucurbita pepo and understand their expression patterns in response to different stimuli. Herein, 44 VQ genes were identified, which were divided into eight groups (I–VIII) based on phylogenetic analysis. Two genes (CpVQ1 and CpVQ2) could not be located on the chromosome, whereas the remaining CpVQ genes were randomly distributed on the chromosomes, except for chromosomes 15 and 18. Noteworthy, the main event driving the expansion of the VQ gene family was chromosome fragment duplication. Based on qRT-PCR analysis, VQ genes are expressed in different tissues, and VQ genes are differentially regulated under a variety of abiotic stresses and powdery mildew stress, indicating that they play an important role in plant stress response and other aspects. This report presents the first systematic analysis of VQ genes from C. pepo and provides a solid foundation for further research of the specific functions of VQ proteins.
Chiropractic lecturer qualities: The student perspective
Authors: Chesterton Paul
Published: January 2022

Objective

Chiropractic lecturers sit at the interface between theoretical education and the transition to clinical practice. They are central to a positive and high-quality learning environment. This study aimed to explore how chiropractic students in the United Kingdom rate the importance of lecturer qualities and their influence on overall preregistration course experience.

Methods

An online mixed-method questionnaire was used. Data were converted into proportions with lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI). Likert-scale questions were treated as numeric variables with the mean, mode, median, and percentage calculated for combined responses. Thematic analysis reported patterns of data extracted from open-ended questions.

Results

Of the population of current UK chiropractic students, 195 completed the questionnaire. Five out of 12 teaching roles were rated as very important, including the ability to deliver high-quality information and evaluate the curriculum (mean = 4.71). Communication ranked as the number 1 personal quality followed by command of the subject. Lecturers were perceived as very important to overall course enjoyment (mean = 4.88) and students' ability to succeed (mean = 4.54). Students felt it was more important that lecturers were clinically active (84%; 95% CI, 78%–89%) than research active (25%; 95% CI, 19%–31%).

Conclusion

Chiropractic students in the United Kingdom recognize the significance of lecturers in the educational experience. A range of qualities were considered important relating to overall course enjoyment and student outcomes. Clinically active lecturers facilitate student development. Of importance, students felt course evaluation and curricula development were valuable qualities in the modern-day lecturer.
Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and essential MCU regulator (EMRE) in mitochondria from mouse tissues and HeLa cells
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Maeda Kousuke , Nara Atsushi , Hashida Mei , Ozono Mizune , Nakao Ayaka , Yamada Akiko , Shinohara Yasuo , Yamamoto Takenori
Published: January 2022

Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays critical roles in cell survival and aerobic metabolism in eukaryotes. The calcium uniporter is a highly selective calcium ion channel consisting of several subunits. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and essential MCU regulator (EMRE) are core subunits of the calcium uniporter required for calcium uptake activity in the mitochondria. Recent 3D structure analysis of the MCU‐EMRE complex reconstituted in nanodiscs revealed that the human MCU exists as a tetramer forming a channel pore, with EMRE bound to each MCU at a 1 : 1 ratio. However, the stoichiometry of MCU and EMRE in the mitochondria has not yet been investigated. We here quantitatively examined the protein levels of MCU and EMRE in the mitochondria from mouse tissues by using characterized antibodies and standard proteins. Unexpectedly, the number of EMRE molecules was lower than that of MCU; moreover, the ratios between MCU and EMRE were significantly different among tissues. Statistical calculations based on our findings suggest that a MCU tetramer binding to 4 EMREs may exist, but at low levels in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In brain mitochondria, the majority of MCU tetramers bind to 2 EMREs; in mitochondria in liver, kidney, and heart, MCU tetramers bind to 1 EMRE; and in kidney and heart, almost half of MCU tetramers bound to no EMRE. We propose here a novel stoichiometric model of the MCU‐EMRE complex in mitochondria.
Bridged Carbon Fabric Membrane with Boosted Performance in AC Line‐Filtering Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Miao , Dong Kang , Saeedi Garakani Sadaf , Khorsand Kheirabad Atefeh , Manke Ingo , Wu Mingmao , Wang Hong , Qu Liangti , Yuan Jiayin
Published: January 2022

High‐frequency responsive capacitors with lightweight, flexibility, and miniaturization are among the most vital circuit components because they can be readily incorporated into various portable devices to smooth out the ripples for circuits. Electrode materials no doubt are at the heart of such devices. Despite tremendous efforts and recent advances, the development of flexible and scalable high‐frequency responsive capacitor electrodes with superior performance remains a great challenge. Herein, a straightforward and technologically relevant method is reported to manufacture a carbon fabric membrane “glued” by nitrogen‐doped nanoporous carbons produced through a polyelectrolyte complexation‐induced phase separation strategy. The as‐obtained flexible carbon fabric bearing a unique hierarchical porous structure, and high conductivity as well as robust mechanical properties, serves as the free‐standing electrode materials of electrochemical capacitors. It delivers an ultrahigh specific areal capacitance of 2632 µF cm−2 at 120 Hz with an excellent alternating current line filtering performance, fairly higher than the state‐of‐the‐art commercial ones. Together, this system offers the potential electrode material to be scaled up for AC line‐filtering capacitors at industrial levels.
Remote Steric Effect Propagation through Naphthalene Hydrogens and/or Molecular Skeleton: Structural Determination of Brominated Product of Dinaphtho[2,1‐b:1′,2′‐d]furan
Authors: Honda Risa , Takasugi Mizuki , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Nishinaga Tohru , Shimizu Toshio , Sugiura Ken‐ichi
Published: January 2022

We performed a bromination reaction of dinaphtho[2,1‐b:1′,2′‐d]furan (DNF). Although similar reactions have been reported, the regioselectivity of this reaction has not been clarified. Single‐crystal diffraction study confirmed that two bromine atoms were introduced on 5‐ and 9‐positions of DNF. Detailed studies revealed that the steric effect of the bulky bromine atoms propagated through the peripheral hydrogens and/or the skeleton of DNF to result in the large helicity. This structural characteristic became apparent from the shift of the signals of Fjord hydrogens in the 1H NMR spectra. Theoretical studies also supported our proposed remote steric effect.
Consensus of linear conformable fractional order multi‐agent systems with impulsive control protocols
Authors: Yang Jian , Fečkan Michal , Wang JinRong
Published: January 2022

In this article, we study the impulsive consensus problem of linear multi‐agent systems composed of α‐order conformable differential equations (α ∈ (0, 1]). Two cases of fixed and switching interaction networks are considered, respectively. Impulsive protocol of each agent is introduced based on the local information of the interaction networks. Firstly, we derive the analytic solution of the general linear conformable systems with impulses. Secondly, two sufficient criterions are presented to guarantee the convergence of the consistent state for all the agents by using matrix theory, graph theory, and impulsive control theory. Finally, three numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the obtained theoretical results and to compare the convergence rates of the systems with distinct orders.
Wheat cover crop and seed treatment for improving native warm‐season grass establishment
Authors: Keyser Patrick D. , Ashworth Amanda J.
Published: January 2022

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and other perennial native warm‐season grasses (NWSG), such as big bluestem (BB) (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and eastern gamagrass (EG)[Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] are excellent biofeedstocks, forages, and dual‐purpose biomass–forage crop candidates. However, reliable establishment is a challenge. Therefore, we conducted an experiment at two locations in Tennessee, repeated over 2 yr (2012 and 2013) to evaluate establishment strategies for BB, EG, and switchgrass. Treatments included a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop with and without inorganic nitrogen (60 and 0 lb acre–1) and an insecticide–fungicide seed treatment (Gaucho XT and an untreated control). Although establishment success varied by site and year, switchgrass generally produced stands with greater seedling densities than BB, with EG producing the weakest stands. The N treatment did not affect NWSG seedling density or yields in subsequent years at either location for either planting year. Seed treatment improved seedling density in 2013 at one location for switchgrass but not the other species (P = .029). At the second location, seed treatment improved seedling density (0.43 vs. 0.29 seedlings ft–2) across all species (P = .006), apparently driven by the response of BB (0.69 vs. 0.44 seedlings ft–2; P = .094). Neither treatment influenced yield, which increased (P < .001) each year (1.91, 2.69, and 3.60 ton acre–1) across all species. According to these results, dormant‐season NWSG planting in wheat appears to be equally successful regardless of N fertilization. Seed treatments offer some potential for improved establishment success.
Directed Synthesis and Chemistry of Unsymmetric Dicationic Diboranes and Their Use in Frustrated Lewis Pair‐like Chemistry
Authors: Kistner Lucas , Kowatsch Dario , Marz Andreas , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: January 2022

The chemistry of dicationic diboranes with two BII atoms that are engaged in direct B−B bonding is by enlarge unexplored, although these molecules have intriguing properties due to their combined Lewis acidic and electron‐donor properties. Unsymmetric dicationic diboranes are extremely rare, but especially attractive due to their polarized B−B bond. In this work we report the directed synthesis of several stable unsymmetric dicationic diboranes by reaction between the electron‐rich ditriflato‐diborane B2(hpp)2(OTf)2 (hpp=1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐α]pyrimidinate) and phosphino‐pyridines, establishing B−N and B−P bonds with the diborane concomitant with triflate elimination. In the case of 2‐((ditertbutylphosphino)methyl)pyridine, the B−N bond is formed instantly, but the B−P bond formation requires (due to steric constraints) several days at ambient conditions for completion, creating an intermediate that could be used for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)‐like chemistry. Here we test its reaction with an aldehyde, and propose a new type of FLP‐like chemistry.
Enzyme‐Mimetic Molecular Selective Catalysis via Single Zr Atom Catalysis in Chelated Cage Embedded in a Flexible Piezoelectrical Matrix
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Zhensheng , Teng Kaixuan , Tong Wangshu , Zhang Yihe , Chee Whowwei , An Qi
Published: January 2022

The molecularly selective catalysis in enzyme is central to life. However, their functioning mechanism remains elusive. We propose here that the synergistic effects from (i) effective orbital hybridizing and energy gap decreasing via chelating on single Zr atom as the catalytic center, (ii) selective supramolecular encapsulation in the cage, and (iii) piezoelectrical field motivation are able to achieve the enzyme‐mimetic molecular selective high performance catalysis. Metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) are added into a piezoelectrical polymer matrix to achieve the composite structure where ultrasonic treatment motivates redox reactions in the MOP‐guest complex. Encapsulated and chelated guest such as Rhodamine B (RhB) is effectively converted with ratios higher than 90 % after 100 min. In comparison, molecules inefficient in either cage encapsulation or chelating with the Zr center can not be converted. This study first proposes a synergistic plot for enzyme‐mimetic catalyst realization and is expected to inspire new mentality in efficient catalyst designing.