bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Discontinuation among People Living With HIV Attending Care and Treatment: Analysis of 2013-2017 Routine HIV Data Tanzania
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Robert Masanja ,   Directorate of Reproductive of Maternal and Child Health Services, Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV,  Syphilis and Hepatitis B programme, Tanzania, Todd Jim ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania, J Ngowi Bernard ,   National Institute for Medical Research-Muhimbili Medical Research Centre P.O.Box 3436 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Msangi Michael ,   Ministry of Health; Directorate of Reproductive of Maternal and Child Health Services, Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B programme, Tanzania, Nyamhagatta Mukome ,   Ministry of Health; Directorate of Reproductive of Maternal and Child Health Services, Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B programme, Tanzania, E Msuya Sia ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania, Ramadhani Angella ,   Ministry of Health, Tanzania. National AIDs, STIs and Hepatitis Control Programme (NASHCOP), Sambu Veryhel ,   Ministry of Health, Tanzania. National AIDs, STIs and Hepatitis Control Programme (NASHCOP), Jerry Isaya ,   Ministry of Health, Tanzania. National AIDs, STIs and Hepatitis Control Programme (NASHCOP), R Mujuni Martin ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania, Musanhu C Chakanyuka ,   World Health Organization (WHO)-Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, United republic of Tanzania, J  Mahande Michael ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania, S Ngocho James ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania, Maokola Werner ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)  P.O.Box 2240, Tanzania
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis disease is a common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV not initiated Isoniazid Preventive Therapy dose.
Pre- and post-storm inventory of endangered Partula radiolata snails at Asan Ridge, Guam
Authors: Gawel Ann , Gawel Ann
Published: May 2024

The Partulidae are a Pacific-wide family of tree snails with high levels of endemism and with a majority of their extant species having special conservation concern. Having radiated across Pacific Islands, this family has evolved with some frequency of tropical storms. However, little is known about their response or recovery rates from severe storms. The island of Guam has its own unique species of Partulidae, Partula radiolata. One of the largest and most accessible occurrences of P. radiolata in the island is located at the Asan Beach Unit of the War in the Pacific National Historical Park. A population assessment of the area?s partulids was conducted approximately one month before a major typhoon ? Typhoon Mawar ? hit the island. The same series of transects used before the typhoon was repeated approximately three weeks after the typhoon. Two hundred twenty-five P. radiolata were counted in the Asan Beach Unit before the typhoon, and 177 after the typhoon. The biggest decline in numbers occurred amongst juvenile partulids ? from 53 counted before the typhoon, to just 11 after the typhoon. The vegetation was severely impacted by the storm, opening up much of the canopy and downing many trees and branches. Despite suffering some obvious mortality, P. radiolata were still persisting within the area. Because this is one of the most accessible populations of P. radiolata, we have an opportunity to monitor post-storm recovery on a regular basis that would be unfeasible at more remote population locations.
Supraclavicular Block Using Ultrasonography (USG) Guidance in Patients with Moderate Radius Ulna Fractures Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation): A Case Report
Authors: Rauwelio Alvin , I Made Dwi Pramana  , Benny Supono  , Ida Ayu Apsari Pradnya Niti  , William Audi  , I Wayan Widana
Published: May 2024

Background: Open fractures of the radius and ulna in elderly patients are conditions that require fast and appropriate treatment. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is a common treatment option, but in elderly patients, general anesthesia may be high risk. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is an effective and safe regional anesthetic option for ORIF in elderly patients.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 71-year-old man with an open fracture of the left third radius and middle ulna who was planned for ORIF. The patient had comorbid hypertension and reduced left ventricular function. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed using 0.5% bupivacaine (10 mL) and 2% lidocaine (10 mL). The patient did not complain of pain during the operation and recovered well.
Conclusion: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is an effective and safe regional anesthetic option for ORIF in elderly patients with open fractures of the radius and ulna.
Simulation Assessment of Expectation-maximization Algorithm in Pseudo-convex Mixtures Generated by the Exponential Distribution
Authors: Santos Rui , Felgueiras Miguel , Martins João
Published: May 2024

The use of pseudo-convex mixtures generated from stable distributions for extremes offers a valuable approach for handling reliability-related data challenges. This framework encompasses pseudo-convex mixtures stemming from exponential distribution. However, precise parameter estimation, particularly in cases where the weight parameter ω is negative, remains a challenge. This work assesses the performance of the Expectation- Maximization algorithm in estimating parameters for pseudo-convex mixtures generated by the exponential distribution through simulation.
On Some Factors Contributing to Entrepreneurial Economic Success in South-West, Nigeria: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Felicia Adeyemo , A. Ogunleye Timothy
Published: May 2024

This essay explores the elements that lead to the financial success of entrepreneurs. In particular, it conducted an empirical investigation into the possibility that factors such as age, religious beliefs, risk-taking, marketing strategies, timely and adequate planning, employees’ commitment, accessibility to working capital, reduced bureaucratic steps on import and export matters, education level, and age and technology infrastructure could influence an entrepreneur’s level of success. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The study’s participants were business owners in the six states that make up Nigeria’s southwest region who operated on a micro, small, and medium scale. The 720 entrepreneurs who made up the study’s sample were chosen through a multi-stage sampling process. A self-structured questionnaire covering all the objectives was used as the data collection tool, and it was administered to a select group of entrepreneurs. In addition to applying non-parametric statistical techniques like the chi-squared test and phi statistic, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, and graphics. In the R-Studio (Posit) environment, the data analysis operations were carried out. The findings showed that a successful entrepreneurship is greatly influenced by a number of factors, including the availability of operating capital, the degree of employee commitment, technological and infrastructural capabilities, risk-taking, effective marketing strategies, adequate and appropriate planning, educational attainment, and age. Success in entrepreneurship, however, is unrelated to fewer bureaucratic procedures involved in the import and export of goods. It was determined that the bulk of the previously mentioned elements affect any business’s ability to succeed in today’s world. Thus, it was suggested that all tiers of government be counselled to provide funding, among other things, to serious business owners.
Desconexión Digital y el Derecho a la Limitación Efectiva y Segura de la Conexión Digital
Authors: Benítez Oscar Eduardo , Trillo Párraga Francisco
Published: May 2024

Carácter y naturaleza del derecho a la desconexión digital en el derecho del trabajo. 2. Tiempo, trabajo y vida en la sociedad del rendimiento. 3. Hiperconectividad digital y violencia del poder privado empresarial. 4. Hacia la esencialidad de la desconexión digital: la limitación efectiva y segura de la conexión digital. 5. Conclusión.
Thêmis e Penia: do mito à realidade
Authors: Chércoles Ricardo León
Published: May 2024

Contexto: Atualmente, a desigualdade, a exclusão social, o desemprego e a pobreza atingem níveis tão elevados que, talvez, seja necessária uma reconfiguração dos mecanismos voltados à proteção dos direitos humanos como base para a manutenção e sustentação do novo contrato social nessa etapa pós-pandemia. Nesse contexto, este artigo explora o conteúdo, as fontes e a hierarquia do direito de acesso à proteção judicial efetiva dos direitos trabalhistas sob a perspectiva do direito internacional dos direitos humanos e, em particular, o impacto da condição de vulnerabilidade por motivos de pobreza sobre esse direito.
Objetivo: O objetivo principal e específico é determinar se uma ação ajuizada por uma pessoa que trabalha em condições de pobreza justifica a adoção de um processo trabalhista urgente e extraordinário.
Método: O método utilizado é a análise das fontes legais aplicáveis ao caso sob investigação e da bibliografia existente sobre o tema, pautando dados estatísticos e com uma abordagem jurídica e atual do assunto.
Resultado: Conclui-se que as pessoas em condições de vulnerabilidade em razão da pobreza devem ter prioridade perante o sistema de justiça e, no âmbito de um processo trabalhista, suas demandas devem ser tratadas sem qualquer demora, inclusive adaptando o sistema de justiça às suas condições especiais e/ou às circunstâncias particulares pelas quais possam estar passando e adotando, se necessário, um processo urgente e extraordinário.
A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF MEIOSIS IN SELECTED POLITICAL SPEECHES
Authors:   Babylon University, English Department, College of Education for Human Sciences, Iraq, Hassan Suad Faisal , Al-Tufayl Prof. Dr. Qasim Abbas Dhayef ,   Babylon University, English Department, College of Education for Human Sciences, Iraq
Published: May 2024

This sets the stage for an investigation that will bring together politics and the scientific process of meiosis, two seemingly unrelated fields. To have a pragmatic or realistic view of meiosis in political discourse is what the word "pragmatic" means. It is likely that politicians' use of rhetorical strategies like meiosis, which includes euphemisms and understatements, is the intended topic of this study. This research delves into the impact of meiosis on political discourse by dissecting specific speeches to see how they sway listeners to either agree or disagree with the speaker's stance. An interdisciplinary study of language and communication that draws on biological and political discourse analysis techniques is hinted at in the abstract.
LEADERSHIP METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY (FIELD STUDY ON AL- MUTHANNA UNIVERSITY)
Authors:   AL- Muthanna University, Iraq, Albander Mohammed Hamed
Published: May 2024

The twentieth century witnessed a great era with the launch of the flame of Science in both its human and applied aspects,which was kindled by researchers and scientists on their various interests, scientific research has always been the Pioneer towards a new hypothesis or theory as a summary of a phenomenon and a mixture of thought and therefore it is a window with Horizons towards a new universe and conclusion (Abdelbaki, 2004: 3).
Ventajas y Desventajas del Modelo DUA en el Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje de los Estudiantes
Authors: Silva Flores Jorge Luis , Gaona Gaona Ana Lucia , Buele Chamba Delia Vicenta
Published: May 2024

Tener herramientas del modelo DUA es importante para el aprendizaje en las aulas de primaria porque pueden personalizar el proceso educativo, mejorar la interactividad, proporcionar retroalimentación instantánea, brindar acceso a información actualizada, desarrollar habilidades del siglo XXI y promover la inclusión y la equidad. Estas técnicas permiten adaptar el contenido a las necesidades educativas únicas e individuales de los estudiantes, fomentar la motivación y el compromiso de los estudiantes, identificar errores de manera oportuna, proporcionar acceso a diversos recursos, fomentar habilidades clave para el futuro y garantizar que todos tengan las mismas oportunidades de aprendizaje. Finalmente, el modelo DUA puede cambiar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las aulas de primaria y preparar a los estudiantes para un mundo digitalizado. Por ello, el objetivo principal conocer es las ventajas y desventajas del modelo de Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en el contexto del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Unidad Educativa XXX. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo descriptiva y documental. Se aplicó a una muestra no probabilística de diez docentes los cuales respondieron una encuesta para poder medir el conocimiento y aplicación del modelo DUA. Los resultados obtenidos fue que el modelo DUA es de gran utlidad y sirven como metodologías para reforzar y facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
O DESASTRE AMBIENTAL QUE MOSTRA A FORÇA E SENSIBILIDADE DE UMA COMUNIDADE DE PESCADORES
Authors: Gomes Rita de Cássia Lopes , Conceição Gileno Nascimento da , Trindade Ana Angélica Martins da , Barros Luiza Monteiro , Santos Tiala Santana , Santos Marta Cristiane Ferreira dos
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo dedica-se a apresentar os relatos acerca do desastre do derramamento de petróleo na comunidade de pescadores e marisqueiras de Barra de Serinhaém, que compõe o espaço geográfico do município de Ituberá na Bahia. Localizada no baixo-sul, mais precisamente na costa do dendê, apresenta uma riqueza de ecossistemas onde as águas do rio Serinhaém e do mar do oceano Atlântico se encontram, formando os estuários, e manguezais ao longo da costa, proporcionando “cosmovisões diversas nas quais a comunicação entre o ser humano e os fenômenos naturais se estabelecem”. Apresentamos um breve relato das experiências vivenciadas pela comunidade e pelas organizações dos movimentos sociais da pesca artesanal no enfrentamento do “acidente” do derramamento de petróleo neste território em 2019, bem como suas estratégias de organização de ações comunitárias e solidárias, de incidências políticas, para tornar visível o agravamento das questões socioeconômicas e ambientais. Apontam-se ainda, os aprendizados que esta experiência possibilitou e as perspectivas de resistência e existência da comunidade após o desastre.
Decision day – A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients treated with high PEEP non-invasive ventilation
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, Šitum Ivan , Erceg Ante ,   Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, Mandarić Anja ,   Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, Džaja Nikolina ,   Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, Mamić Glorija ,   Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, Lovrić Daniel ,   Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: May 2024

Background and objectives. This retrospective analysis investigates the effect of high levels of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) during Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) in patients with COVID 19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Materials and methods. In the University Hospital Center Zagreb from October 2021 to February 2022, the study analyzed data from 97 patients who received NIV for acute respiratory support during ICU stay. The effect of NIV on survival, the length of stay in the ICU as well as the duration of the support itself was investigated. Results. Results show that despite low mortality in patients with NIV support, mortality is quite high in patients who required intubation. There is also a divergence of the respiratory support level parameter after the 3rd day on NIV, which suggests that moment as pivotal for assessing the continuation of NIV support. Conclusions. The results show that high level PEEP is a viable option for starting respiratory support in ARDS, but also the importance of timely assessment to optimize patient outcomes.
Comparison of mental disorders between stroke patients and healthy people in Karaj
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran, Imeni Maryam , Kamkari Kambiz ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran, Taherkhani Khadija ,   Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran, Kiomarsi Firooz ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran
Published: May 2024

Background and aim. In stroke, one of the most debilitating chronic diseases, various degrees of cognitive impairment and non-vascular neuropathology may occur. This study was done with the aim of comparing the mental disorders in stroke patients and healthy people in Karaj, Iran. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried on 60 people in Karaj, in which sample group consists of 30 stroke patients who were receiving rehabilitation and medication and in Ghaem, Sarollah hospitals and in Mehrshahr rehabilitation and occupational therapy centers, and 30 healthy residents. People were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The instruments were the reconstructed Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Inventory Form 2 and Millon Clinical Multi-Axis questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and independent samples t-test. Results. The components of personality traits in stroke reference include internal aggression, irresponsibility and introversion, which significantly increased compared to the healthy group. The components of clinical syndromes in stroke patients such as mania, anxiety, alcoholism, drug dependency and PTSD also increased in comparison with the healthy group. Moreover, the components of clinical personality patterns including the levels of schizoid, avoidance, depression, pessimism, sadism were meaningfully increased in the stroke group compared to the healthy group. Conclusion. The results showed that personality trauma and clinical disorders were more common in stroke patients than in healthy group. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken in order to reduce mental disorders in stroke patients.
Terminología anatómica: un camino difícil
Authors: Arvelo Nelson
Published: May 2024

En el presente artículo se hace una revisión sistemática o evaluativa de carácter descriptivo- exploratorio donde se buscaron los estudios más relevantes de forma sistematizada en relación a la terminología anatómica, se abordó su historia, su evolución hasta el presente y las dificultades existentes para su correcta aplicación y difusión.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de las neoplasias en la glándula parótida
Authors: Valls Puig Juan Carlos , Blanco Aníbal , Carmona Eduardo , Palacios Nelsimar , Tabacco Salvador , Tabacco Francisco
Published: May 2024

Caracterizar a pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasias en glándula parótida, según el procedimiento quirúrgico efectuado, la técnica de identificación del nervio facial, y la relación de los hallazgos patológicos definitivos con los estudios de muestreo histológico preoperatorio. Métodos: Estudio multidisciplinario, multiinstitucional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y retrospectivo de 26 pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasias en glándula parótida entre el año 2018 al 2023. Se dividieron de acuerdo a la histología en benignas y malignas. Las distintas frecuencias fueron expresadas en número y porcentaje. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad de la punción con aguja fina como prueba de muestreo histológico. Resultados: Categoría benigna: 16 pacientes (61,5% %). El resto de la serie, diez pacientes, de la categoría de tumores malignos (38,5%). La lobectomía superficial parotídea fue el procedimiento más frecuente en las neoplasias benignas (75%) y malignas (60%). La técnica anterógrada de identificación del nervio facial fue la más común. Entre 25% a 30% de parálisis temporales en ambos grupos. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la punción con aguja fina para el diagnóstico de neoplasias benignas fue de 92,3% y 50%, el porcentaje de falsos negativos de 5,8%. Conclusión: La lobectomía superficial de la glándula parótida y la técnica anterógrada representaron el procedimiento quirúrgico y la técnica de identificación del nervio facial más frecuentemente realizado en ambas categorías. La baja especificidad de la punción con aguja fina y el porcentaje de falsos negativos representaron algunas de las dificultades a afrontar para decidir la extensión del tratamiento quirúrgico.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of skin and soft tissue infections in children: a prospective study
Authors: Nguyen Huu Chau Duc
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Backgroundː This study addresses the elevated prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) within the pediatric demographic, necessitating a comprehensive inquiry into their varied clinical manifestations. The primary objectives involve the assessment of clinical and laboratory characteristics of SSTIs in children and an exploration of their correlation with treatment efficacy.

Methodsː From April 2022 to June 2023, a prospective observational study was conducted on 87 pediatric bacterial SSTI cases at a Tertiary Paediatric Centre in Central Vietnam.

Resultsː SSTIs were most common in children ages 1-4, 48.3%. Seasonal trends showed a peak incidence in summer (43.7%). In 93.1% of patients, febrile presentation and edema predominated. About 40.2% of people had lower extremity involvement. Analysis showed significant rates of severe (73.6%) and purulent (67.8%) SSTIs. Leukocytosis was found in 39.1% of patients, mostly due to 72.4% increased CRP. Even though only 2.4% of blood cultures were positive, Staphylococcus aureus caused 76.9% of infections. About 42.5% of patients had shorter treatments. Significantly, purulent SSTIs required longer antibiotic therapy than nonpurulent infections (p < 0.05). 27.6% of children needed surgery, and most received intravenous antibiotics. Most importantly, all patients recovered.

Conclusionsː Predominantly observed among pediatric cases were purulent SSTIs, exhibiting a proclivity for the lower limbs, with Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant etiological agent. Treatment duration for purulent SSTIs exceeded that for nonpurulent infections. Intravenous antibiotic administration emerged as the predominant therapeutic modality, yielding favorable outcomes.
Estimating the Energy Efficiency of Korean Steel Companies Using Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Gilwhan
Published: May 2024

Steel companies, due to their production processes, emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of them is a very important issue in responding to climate change. The starting point for effective management of energy efficiency improvements in steel companies is the objective measurement of their energy efficiency. Previous studies primarily utilized traditional Stochastic Frontier Analysis to estimate the energy efficiency of steel companies. Meanwhile, Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis, which incorporates Bayesian Inference into Stochastic Frontier Analysis, offers the advantage of more accurate and flexible estimates by considering the uncertainty of parameters. Despite the advantages, there has been no research applying Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis to analyze the energy efficiency of Korean steel companies. This study is the first to apply Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis to Korean steel companies, using the Gibbs Sampling technique to estimate the energy efficiency of 22 major Korean steel companies from 2011 to 2019.
The key findings of this study are as follows: First, the overall average energy efficiency of steel companies is 0.5450. Second, from 2011 to 2013, the yearly average energy efficiency of the steel companies analyzed shows an improving trend, peaking in 2013, followed by a decreasing trend. Third, a comparison of average energy efficiency across individual companies reveals the firms with relatively high energy efficiency, exceeding 0.8
In Pursuit of Mutual Benefit: Applying the Extended Diamond Model to the US-China Trade Dispute
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, P P , Moon Hwy-Chang , P P , P P
Published: May 2024

This article recalls for cooperation between the United States (US) and China amid their escalating competition. It emphasizes the necessity and possibility of collaboration, advocating for win-win outcomes rather than antagonistic win-lose or lose-lose scenarios. The analysis utilizes the extended diamond model to assess comprehensive national competitiveness, identifying both countries’ comparative advantages across various sub-factors. China’s strengths lie in basic sub-factors: unskilled labor supply, market quantity, infrastructure availability, and competitive stability. On the other hand, the US excels in advanced sub-factors: skilled labor supply, market quality, synergy creation, and competitive dynamics. The contrasting but complementary strengths and weaknesses highlight the multifaceted nature of their competitive strengths. Recognizing and leveraging these respective advantages can lead to collaborative synergies, fostering mutual benefits. Such an approach enables both nations to enhance their national competitiveness and achieve mutual prosperity. This study specifically underscores the potential for the US and China to contribute synergistically to each other’s growth by capitalizing on their unique strengths. The findings also provide implications for multinational corporations (MNCs) in choosing the locations for their overseas operations, particularly in the US and China.
Effect of Data Analytics Capability on Supply Chain Capability and Market Performance
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Suyoung , Park Jongwoo
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the Effect of data analytics capability (DAC) on supply chain capability (SCC) and market performance (MP). It also examines whether supply chain visibility (SCV) and supply chain agility (SCA) mediate the relationship between DAC and MP.
A survey was conducted on ICT technology users in various industries, and the collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis.
The results show that data analytics capability has a significant effect on SCV, SCA, and MP. Additionally, data analytics capability was found to have a significant effect on MP through SCV and SCA as mediating variables.
This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the critical role of data analytics capability in enhancing SCV, SCA, and ultimately, MP. It also highlights the importance of SCV and SCA as key mechanisms through which data analytics capability can lead to improved MP.
The Signature of Sporadic E of an Equatorial Ionosphere of the Low Latitude Region
Authors: Olalekan David Ayokunnu , Oluseyi Enitan Ogunsola , Jelili Adekunle Mufutau , Hafis Akorede Fasai
Published: May 2024

Sporadic E is usually referred to as the large unpredictable formation of regions of very high electron density in the E region as one of the anomalies that is present in the equatorial region. This work studies the variability of sporadic E in the region with respect to the propagation of low frequency communication and impact on the equatorial region during the occurrence of this anomaly. Hourly data for the year 2010, a year of low solar activity obtained in-situ from a Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS-4) from the African sector, Ilorin, Nigeria (8.5oN, 4.5oE, -2.96 dip) and the Southern American sector online at Jicamarca, Peru (12 oS, 76.8 oW, 0.74 dip) and Fortaleza, Brazil (3 oS, 38 oW, -7.03dip) were used for this study. The result obtained shows that sporadic E is usually observed at the region during the daytime and early evening (0600- 1700 local time) and is more prevalent during solstice months. Two types of sporadic E were observed in the region: blanket and transparent sporadic E. 12% of the transparent sporadic E was observed during the March equinox while 9% of blanket sporadic E was observed during this period; September equinox shows 15% of transparent and 7% blanket sporadic E respectively, while June solstice has 21% transparent and 7% blanket sporadic E. During the December solstices, 14% transparent and 7% blanket sporadic E was observed. During the March equinox, the blanket sporadic E was observed around 0200 hour local time, and that of the transparent sporadic E at about 1000 hour local time. Observation during the September equinox shows that it occurs around 1100 hour and 0200 hour respectively. It was observed that there is no correlation between sporadic E and geomagnetic storm. Sporadic E has been observed to be one of the anomalies that are responsible for the scintillation and scattering of the lower frequency signal in the said region when present.
AI - Current Landscape and Future Predictions
Authors: Silva Vansh Soni –
Published: May 2024

This paper is the introduction to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) landscape in the present day and its future properties. AI is now being used in numerous fields, such as technology, finance and banking, and healthcare to name a few. The current use of AI is in automation, to perform tasks at the same level or even better than humans can in terms of efficiency, accuracy and speed. This is why AI is being used in more businesses, and why understanding AI has become more important than ever before. The majority of people don't truly understand what AI even is, and assume that it’s a dangerous field filled with killer robots, however that couldn’t be farther than the truth. The following chapters in this paper will explain what AI actually is as well as comparing it to the public’s perception. Once a proper understanding of AI is established, the paper aims to show how AI is being applied into industries, and how they can skyrocket the success of all of them in vast ways that were never possible before the AI revolution.
MHD Simulation in Galactic Center Region with Radiative Cooling and Heating
Authors: Kakiuchi Kensuke , Suzuki Takeru. K. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Shimoda Jiro
Published: May 2024

We investigate the role of magnetic field on the gas dynamics in a galactic bulge region by three-dimensional simulations with radiative cooling and heating. While a high-temperature corona with T > 106 K is formed in the halo regions, the temperature near the midplane is ≲104 K following the thermal equilibrium curve determined by the radiative cooling and heating. Although the thermal energy of the interstellar gas is lost by radiative cooling, the saturation level of the magnetic field strength does not significantly depend on the radiative cooling and heating. The magnetic field strength is amplified to 10 μG on average and reaches several hundred microgauss locally. We find the formation of magnetically dominated regions at midlatitudes in the case with the radiative cooling and heating, which is not seen in the case without radiative effect. The vertical thickness of the midlatitude regions is 50–150 pc at the radial location of 0.4–0.8 kpc from the Galactic center, which is comparable to the observed vertical distribution of neutral atomic gas. When we take the average of different components of energy density integrated over the galactic bulge region, the magnetic energy is comparable to the thermal energy. We conclude that the magnetic field plays a substantial role in controlling the dynamical and thermal properties of the galactic bulge region.
The Molecular Clouds of M31
Authors: Lada Charles J. , Forbrich Jan , Petitpas Glen , Viaene Sébastien
Published: May 2024

Deep interferometric observations of CO and dust continuum emission are obtained with the Submillimeter Array at 230 GHz to investigate the physical nature of the giant molecular cloud (GMC) population in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We use J = 2 − 1 12CO and 13CO emission to derive the masses, sizes, and velocity dispersions of 162 spatially resolved GMCs. We perform a detailed study of a subset of 117 GMCs that exhibit simple, single-component line profile shapes. Examining the Larson scaling relations for these GMCs, we find (1) a highly correlated mass–size relation in both 12CO and 13CO emission; (2) a weakly correlated 12CO line width–size (LWS) relation along with a weaker, almost nonexistent, 13CO LWS relation, suggesting a possible dependence of the LWS relation on spatial scale; and (3) that only 43% of these GMCs are gravitationally bound. We identify two classes of GMCs based on the strength and extent of their 13CO emission. Examination of the Larson relations finds that both classes are individually characterized by strong 12CO mass–size relations and much weaker 12CO and 13CO LWS relations. The majority (73%) of strong 13CO-emitting GMCs are found to be gravitationally bound. However, only 25% of the weak 13CO-emitting GMCs are bound. The resulting breakdown in the Larson relations in the weak 13CO-emitting population decouples the mass–size and LWS relations, demonstrating that independent physical causes are required to understand the origin of each. Finally, in nearly every aspect, the physical properties of the M31 GMCs are found to be very similar to those of local Milky Way clouds.
Runaway OB Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. III. Updated Kinematics and Insights into Dynamical versus Supernova Ejections
Authors: Phillips Grant D. , Oey M. S. , Cuevas Maria , Castro Norberto , Kothari Rishi
Published: May 2024

We use the kinematics of field OB stars to estimate the frequencies of runaway stars generated by the dynamical ejection scenario (DES), the binary supernova scenario (BSS), and the combined two-step mechanism. We update the proper motions for field OB and OBe stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using Gaia DR3. Our sample now contains 336 stars from the Runaways and Isolated O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC, and we update our algorithm to calculate more accurate velocities compared to those obtained previously from DR2. We find a decrease in median velocity from 39 to 29 km s−1, implying that the proper motions from our previous work were systematically overestimated. We present the velocity distribution for OBe stars and quantitatively compare it to those of noncompact binaries and high-mass X-ray binaries. We confirm that OBe stars appear to be dominated by the BSS and are likely post-SN binary systems, further supporting the mass-transfer model to explain the origin of their emission-line disks. In contrast, normal OB stars may show a bimodal velocity distribution, which may be expected from different processes that occur with dynamical ejections. The kinematics of fast-rotating OB stars are similar to those of normal OB stars rather than OBe stars, suggesting that the origin of their high

v

r

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is different from that of OBe stars. We update our model parameters describing the kinematic origins of the SMC field population, still confirming that for runaway stars, the DES mechanism dominates, and two-step ejections seem comparable in frequency to pure BSS ejections.
ELUCID. VIII. Simulating the Coma Galaxy Cluster to Calibrate Model and Understand Feedback
Authors: Luo Xiong , Wang Huiyuan , Cui Weiguang , Mo Houjun , Li RenJie , Jing Yipeng , Katz Neal , Davé Romeel , Yang Xiaohu , Chen Yangyao , Li Hao , Huang Shuiyao
Published: May 2024

We conducted an investigation of the Coma cluster of galaxies by running a series of constrained hydrodynamic simulations with GIZMO-SIMBA and GADGET-3 based on initial conditions reconstructed from the SDSS survey volume in the ELUCID project. We compared simulation predictions and observations for galaxies, intracluster medium (ICM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) in and around the Coma cluster to constrain galaxy formation physics. Our results demonstrate that this type of constrained investigation allows us to probe in more detail the implemented physical processes, because the comparison between simulations and observations is free of cosmic variance and hence can be conducted in a “one-to-one” manner. We found that an increase in the earlier star formation rate and the supernova feedback of the original GIZMO-SIMBA model is needed to match observational data on stellar, interstellar medium, and ICM metallicity. The simulations without active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback can well reproduce the observational ICM electron density, temperature, and entropy profiles, ICM substructures, and the IGM temperature–density relation, while the ones with AGN feedback usually fail. However, one requires something like AGN feedback to reproduce a sufficiently large population of quiescent galaxies, particularly in low-density regions. The constrained simulations of the Coma cluster thus provide a test bed to understand processes that drive galaxy formation and evolution.
The Huge Magnetic Toroids in the Milky Way Halo
Authors: Xu J. , Han J. L.
Published: May 2024

The magnetic fields in our Milky Way can be revealed by the distribution of Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of radio sources behind the Galaxy and of radio pulsars inside the Galaxy. Based on the antisymmetry of the Faraday sky in the inner Galaxy to the Galactic coordinates, the magnetic field toroids above and below the Galactic plane with reversed field directions exist in the Galactic halo and have been included in almost all models for the global magnetic structure in the Milky Way. However, the quantitative parameters—such as the field strength, the scale height, and the scale radius of the toroids—are hard to determine from observational data. It has long been argued that the RM antisymmetry could be dominated by the local contributions of the interstellar medium. Here, we get the local-discounted RM contributions from the RM sky and RMs of pulsars and get the first quantitative estimate of the sizes of the magnetic toroids in the Galactic halo. They are huge, starting from a Galactocentric radius of less than 2 kpc and extending to at least 15 kpc, without field direction reversals. Such magnetic toroids in the Galactic halo should naturally constrain the physical processes in galaxies.
Fast, Simple, and Accurate Time Series Analysis with Large Language Models: An Example of Mean-motion Resonances Identification
Authors: Smirnov Evgeny A.
Published: May 2024

Classical machine learning has been actively utilized in astronomy to address various challenges, including predicting orbital stability, classifying asteroids, galaxies, and other objects, and analyzing images. However, the emerging trend in artificial intelligence involves the use of large language models such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT. These models are trained on a large corpus of text and can perform a wide range of natural language processing tasks, including text generation, translation, summarization, and classification. Surprisingly, these capabilities present significant potential for application in astronomy. This paper demonstrates how the new model gpt-4-vision-preview can analyze visual patterns and accurately classify asteroids as resonant or nonresonant with high accuracy. This process requires no training, fine-tuning, or coding beyond writing the appropriate prompt in natural language. Moreover, this approach can be extended to other common problems within astronomy.
Assessment of health care workers preparedness to epidemics: A case of Ebola virus disease preparedness in private hospitals in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ankunda Collins , Kanyesigye Stuart Martin , Nakubulwa Susan , Kyomuhangi Brendah , Cramer Jakob , Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Clemens Sue Ann Costa , Clemens Ralf
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Unrecognized Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) can lead to multiple chains of transmissions if the first caretakers are not trained and prepared. This study aimed to assess healthcare workers (HCWs) preparedness in private hospitals located in Kampala, to detect, respond and prevent EVD.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among HCWs in direct clinical care provision in four private hospitals, and in one Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) using a self-administered questionnaire from March to June 2020.
Results: 222 HCWs agreed to participate aged from 19 to 64 years and with 6 months to 38 years of practice where most were nurses (44%). 3/5 hospitals did not have written protocols on EVD case management, and only one (ETU) had an exclusive emergency team. 59% were not sure whether contact tracing was taking place. Private hospitals were not included in EVD trainings organized by the Ministry of Health (MoH). In addition, HCWs in private hospitals were not empowered by the MoH to take part in EVD case management. Despite these shortcomings, only 66% of HCWs showed an interest to be immunized. Knowledge about potential Ebola vaccines was generally poor.
Conclusions: In Kampala, Uganda, establishment of a more comprehensive preparedness and response strategy for EVD outbreaks is imperative for HCWs in private facilities, including a wide vaccination educational program on Ebola vaccination. The findings from this study if addressed will likely improve the preparedness and management of future Ebola outbreaks in Uganda.
What are the impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on intertidal macrobenthic communities? A global meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Wei , Wu Dawei , Wang Zhenqi , An Shuqing , Lu Chang-Hu
Published: May 2024

There is currently no consistent conclusion about the impacts of global Spartina alterniflora invasion on intertidal macrobenthic communities, and the impact mechanisms are also not clear enough due to the limitations in study sites and duration. Here, after collecting and extracting 2110 data from 96 studies around the world, we utilized hierarchical meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on intertidal macrobenthic communities, and systematically analyzed and summarized the factors influencing invasion results for the first time. The results showed that the invasion of Spartina alterniflora generally has a negative impact on macrobenthic communities, but has a positive impact on species number and richness index of microbenthic communities. The pattern of influence strongly depends on the native habitat, invasion duration, average annual temperature, sediment type and tide level, which indicates that Spartina alterniflora affects macrobenthic communities by altering the external environment of the invaded area, and the habitat heterogeneity in different intertidal zones also leads to diverse impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on macrobenthic communities. Our study provides important insights for a comprehensive understanding of biological invasions and offers new perspectives for future ecological restoration in intertidal zones.
Sustainable packaging materials for fermented probiotic dairy or non-dairy food and beverage products: challenges and innovations
Authors: Francis Dali Vilma , Dahiya Divakar , Gokhale Trupti , Nigam Poonam Singh
Published: May 2024

The food and beverage packaging industry has experienced remarkable growth in recent years. Particularly the requirement for appropriate packaging materials used for the sale of fermented products is boosted due to the rising acceptance of economical functional foods available to consumers on the shelves of their local supermarkets. The most popular nutraceutical foods with increased sales include natural yogurts, probiotic-rich milk, kefir, and other fermented food and beverage products. These items have mainly been produced from dairy-based or non-dairy raw materials to provide several product options for most consumers, including vegan and lactose-intolerant populations. Therefore, there is a need for an evaluation of the potential developments and prospects that characterize the growth of the food packaging industry in the global market. The article is based on a review of information from published research, encompassing current trends, emerging technologies, challenges, innovations, and sustainability initiatives for food industry packaging.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Yang Na , He Li-Yun , Liu Peng , Li Zi-Yi , Yang Yu-Cheng , Ping Fan , Xu Ling-Ling , Li Wei , Zhang Hua-Bing , Li Yu-Xiu
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control, understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy.

AIM

To evaluate the risk of infection in patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

METHODS

Electronic databases were searched. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials focused on cardiovascular outcomes. In these studies, the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors were directly compared to those of either other active anti-diabetic treatments or placebo. Six trials involving 53616 patients were deemed eligible. We calculated aggregate relative risks employing both random-effects and fixed-effects approaches, contingent upon the context.

RESULTS

The application of DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant link to the overall infection risk [0.98 (0.95, 1.02)] or the risk of serious infections [0.96 (0.85, 1.08)], additionally, no significant associations were found with opportunistic infections [0.69 (0.46, 1.04)], site-specific infections [respiratory infection 0.99 (0.96, 1.03), urinary tract infections 1.02 (0.95, 1.10), abdominal and gastrointestinal infections 1.02 (0.83, 1.25), skin structure and soft tissue infections 0.81 (0.60, 1.09), bone infections 0.96 (0.68, 1.36), and bloodstream infections 0.97 (0.80, 1.18)].

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis of data from cardiovascular outcome trials revealed no heightened infection risk in patients undergoing DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared to control cohorts.