bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: EEG eigenfunctions of short-term memory
Authors: Ingber Lester
Published: July 2002

This commentary focuses on how bottom-up neocortical models can be developed into eigenfunction expansions of probability distributions appropriate to describe short-term memory in the context of scalp EEG. The mathematics of eigenfunctions are similar to the top-down eigenfunctions developed by Nunez, despite different physical manifestations. The bottom-up eigenfunctions are at the local mesocolumnar scale, whereas the top-down eigenfunctions are at the global regional scale. Our respective approaches have regions of substantial overlap, and future studies may expand top-down eigenfunctions into the bottom-up eigenfunctions, yielding a model of scalp EEG expressed in terms of columnar states of neocortical processing of attention and short-term memory.
Sweet savage love: FA, BO, and SES in the EEA
Authors: Hagen Edward H. , Hess Nicole
Published: July 2002

Proxies of mate value must be evolutionarily salient. Gangestad & Simpson (G&S) have made a good case that fluctuating asymmetry is an important proxy of male mate value that correlates well with genetic and developmental quality. The use of financial variables as proxies for male investment ability by Gangestad, Simpson, and virtually every other investigator of human mating in evolutionary perspective, is, however, more problematic.
What about motivation?
Authors: Kühberger Anton
Published: July 2002

In their use of correlations as a means to distinguish between different views on the normative/descriptive gap, Stanovich & West discuss the competence component but neglect the activation-utilization component of performance. Different degrees of motivation may introduce systematic variation that is confounded with the variation explained by cognitive capacity.
For the short-term: Are women just looking for a few pair of genes?
Authors: Miller Lynn Carol , Pedersen William C. , Johnson Allison R. , Putcha Anila D.
Published: July 2002

Although we find Gangestad & Simpson's argument intriguing, we question some of its underlying assumptions, including: (1) that fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is consistently heritable; (2) that symmetry is driving the effects; (3) that use of parametric tests with FA is appropriate; and (4) that a short-term mating strategy produces more offspring than a long-term strategy.
Dreams and sleep: Are new schemas revealing?
Authors: Morgane Peter J. , Mokler David J.
Published: July 2002

In this series of articles, several new hypotheses on sleep and dreaming are presented. In each case, we feel the data do not adequately support the hypothesis. In their lengthy discourse, Hobson et al. represent to us the familiar reciprocal interaction model dressed in new clothes, but expanded beyond reasonable testability. Vertes & Eastman have proposed that REM sleep is not involved in memory consolidation. However, we do not find their arguments persuasive in that limited differences in activity in REM and waking do not lend credence to the idea that memory consolidation occurs in one state and not the other. Solms makes an argument that dreams are generated from the dopaminergic forebrain based largely on pathological lesion studies in humans. We recognize that this argument has some intuitive appeal and agree with some of the tenets but we do not feel that the arguments are completely convincing due to the lack of anatomical controls, including symmetry and laterality. On the whole, there are interesting arguments put forward in these target articles but the evidence does not convince us that new vistas are opened. No Holy Grail of sleep here!

[Hobson et al.; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]
Processing capacity limits are not explained by storage limits
Authors: Halford Graeme S. , Phillips Steven , Wilson William H.
Published: July 2002

Cowan's review shows that a short-term memory limit of four items is consistent with a wide range of phenomena in the field. However, he does not explain that limit, whereas an existing theory does offer an explanation for capacity limitations. Furthermore, processing capacity limits cannot be reduced to storage limits as Cowan claims.
Can there be embodiment without a body/brain?
Authors: Mareschal Denis
Published: July 2002

A mature science strives to provide causal explanations of observed phenomena rather than focusing on taxonomic descriptions of data. A field theory model is a step towards providing a truly scientific account of development. However, the model is under-constrained in that it ignores the boundary conditions defined by the physical constraints imposed by the infant's developing brain and body.
Partial matching theory and the memory span
Authors: Murray David J.
Published: July 2002

Partial matching theory, which maintains that some memory representations of target items in immediate memory are overwritten by others, can predict both a “theoretical” and an “actual” maximum memory span provided no chunking takes place during presentation. The latter is around 4 ± 2 items, the exact number being determined by the degree of similarity between the memory representations of two immediately successive target items.
Word recognition in the split brain and PET studies of spatial stimulus-response compatibility support contextual integration
Authors: Iacoboni Marco
Published: July 2002

The neural substrates of context effects in word perception
are still largely unclear. Interhemispheric priming phenomena in word
recognition, typically observed in normal subjects, are absent in
commissurotomized patients. This suggests that callosal fibers may
provide contextual integration. In addition, certain characteristics
of human frontal cortical fields subserving sensorimotor learning, as
investigated by positron emission tomography, provide evidence
for contextual integration not confined to the visual system. This
supports the notion of common aspects of cortical computations
in different cerebral areas.
It may require another person to deceive oneself
Authors: Dupuy Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

There are other options than the opposition set by Mele
between his own account and the strict interpersonal model. The
notion of collective self-deception or “social hypocrisy”
is discussed and shown to be nonparadoxical. When an individual
consciousness lies to itself, there is often a form of “negative
collaboration” with another.
The myriad functions and metaphors of memory
Authors: Koriat Asher , Goldsmith Morris
Published: July 2002

Glenberg provides a new and exciting view that is especially
useful for capturing some functional aspects of memory. However,
memory and its functions are too multifarious to be handled by any
one conceptualization. We suggest that Glenberg's proposal be
restricted to its own “focus of convenience.” In addition,
its value will ultimately depend on its success in generating detailed
and testable theories.
Deconstructing neural constructivism
Authors: Sporns Olaf
Published: July 2002

Activity-dependent processes play an active role in shaping
the structure of neuronal circuitry and therefore contribute to neural
and cognitive development. Neural constructivism claims to be able to
account for increases in the complexity of cognitive representations
in terms of directed growth of neurons. This claim is overstated,
rests on biased nterpretations of the evidence, and is based on
serious misapprehensions of the nature of somatic variation and
selection.
Sex differences in descending pain modulatory pathways may clarify sex differences in pain
Authors: Sternberg Wendy F.
Published: July 2002

This commentary addresses the strength of the comparative
approach to the study of sex differences in pain. Animal studies can
focus our attention on mechanisms of sex differences in these clinical
sex differences. Important sex differences are seen in descending pain
modulation, thereby providing an explanation for the observation of
sex differences in pain perception. [berkley]
Sensitization: A mechanism for somatization and subjective health complaints?
Authors: Ursin Holger
Published: July 2002

The brain seems to be able to generate and uphold
sensitization by itself, based on previous experience, or genetic
disposition. This seems to be particularly important for muscle pain.
There seem to be positive feedback loops where pain produces more
pain, and more sensitization. Musculoskeletal pain is the most
common pain state. It amounts to almost 50% of all long term
sickness absence. But other subjective complaints are also common,
and may depend on sensitization. Sensitization has been introduced
as an explanation for subjective complaints from the gastrointestinal
tract and the brain, like fatigue, tiredness, dizziness, and vertigo.
[coderre & katz]
Methodological and substantive implications of a metatheoretical distinction: More on correspondence versus storehouse metaphors of memory
Authors: Koriat Asher , Goldsmith Morris
Published: July 2002

In response to Cohen, we point out that many of the assessment
difficulties raised by the correspondence metaphor stem from the
assessment of memory in meaningful, real-life contexts rather than
from the assessment of memory accuracy per se; these difficulties are
equally troublesome for the assessment of memory quantity in such
contexts. Moreover, the need to focus on particular aspects of memory
performance – correspondence-oriented or quantity-oriented
– does not preclude the development of useful and general
theoretical models. In response to Shanon, we argue that (1) the
distinction between the correspondence and storehouse metaphors
of memory is metatheoretical, not substantive or methodological,
(2) the correspondence metaphor is compatible with both a
“representationalist” view of memory and a more
“direct” view, and (3) as an epistemological strategy,
metaphorical pluralism is both acceptable and desirable.
Representation is space-variant
Authors: Bonmassar Giorgio , Schwartz Eric L.
Published: July 2002

Under shift, caused for example by eye movement, or by
relative movement of the subject or object of perception, the cortical
representation undergoes very large changes in “size”
and “shape.” Space-variance of cortical representation
rules out models that fundamentally require linear interpolation
between shifted patterns (e.g., Edelman's model) or rigid shift
of an invariant retinal stimulus corresponding to shift at the cortex
(e.g., the shifter theory of van Essen). Recently, a computational
solution of “quasi-shift” invariance for space-variant
mappings has been constructed (Bonmassar & Schwartz 1997a;
1997b).
Deep thinking in children: The case for knowledge change in analogical development
Authors: Gentner Dedre , Rattermann Mary Jo
Published: July 2002

Halford, Wilson & Phillips argue that cognitive
development is driven by increases in processing capacity.
We suggest that changes in relational knowledge are as important
or more so. We present evidence that 3-year-olds' analogical
abilities are sharply improved by teaching them relational labels;
over a 30-minute experimental session children gained approximately
2 years in effective performance. These results mandate caution
interpreting age-related change as indicating maturational change,
and call for a deeper consideration of the role of epistemological
change in cognitive development.
Representation of similarities and correspondence structure
Authors: Intrator Nathan
Published: July 2002

Apart from the computationally appealing properties of
representation by similarities, it is possible to extend this form of
representation when needed to include object parts as well as the
correspondence between subobject parts.
Domain-specificity in folk biology and color categorization: Modularity versus global process
Authors: MacLaury Robert E.
Published: July 2002

Universal ranks in folk biological taxonomy probably apply
to taxonomies of cultural artifacts. We cannot call folk biological
cognition domain-specific and modular. Color categorization may
manifest unique organization, which would result from known
neurology and the nature of color as an attribute. But folk biology
does not adduce equivalent evidence. A global process of increasing
differentiation similarly affects folk taxonomy, color categorization,
and other practices germane to Atran's anthropology of science;
this is beclouded by claims of specificity and modularity.
Relations between innate endowments, cognitive development, domain specificity, and a taxonomy-creator
Authors: Matan Adee , Strauss Sidney
Published: July 2002

Atran proposes that humans have a unique, innate,
domain-specific tendency to create taxonomies of biological
kinds. We show that: (1) in ontogenesis, children develop a
notion Atran claims to be innate; (2) what Atran claims is
unique to biological kinds may be found in artifact kinds;
and (3) although Atran proposes a domain-specific mental
construct for biological rank, it can be explained in domain-
general terms.
Testosterone-aggression relationship: An exemplar of interactionism
Authors: Mealey Linda
Published: July 2002

Mazur & Booth provide life scientists with an example of
the multilevel biopsychosocial approach. Research paradigms have to
become more flexible and multidisciplinary if we are to free ourselves
from the nature–nurture dichotomy that we have long agreed
was simplistic and shortsighted. I point out a variety of kinds of
interactions that may be the next frontier for behavioral
scientists.
Change in motor plan with a change in the selection of the to-be-recognized word
Authors: Beauvillain Cécile
Published: July 2002

New experimental evidence throws doubt on postulating no relationship between saccade control and visual object recognition. The control of saccades during reading depends on the perceptual system mediating object recognition.
What does the limbic memory circuit actually do?
Authors: Gabriel Michael , Smith David M.
Published: July 2002

We applaud Aggleton & Brown's affirmation of limbic
diencephalic-hippocampal interaction as a key memory substrate.
However, we do not agree with a thesis of diencephalic-hippocampal
strict dedication to episodic memory. Instead, this circuitry supports
the production of context-specific patterns of activation that
subserve retrieval for a broad class of memory phenomena, including
goal-directed instrumental behavior of animals and episodic memory
of humans.
Moderators and mechanisms relating personality to reward and dopamine: Some findings and open questions
Authors: Netter Petra , Hennig Juergen
Published: July 2002

Data from further human experiments touch four open
questions in the target article. (1) Extinction of reward acquisition
postulated by Depue & Collins's model could not be confirmed
if correlating craving for, liking of, and satisfaction from smoking.
(2) Intraindividual correspondence between responsivity to dopamine
agonists and antagonists could likewise not be confirmed. (3) Nicotine
craving and drug-induced hormone responses were not substantially
correlated. (4) Low serotonin can be the cause and not just the
moderator of dopaminergic sensitivity, and personality correlates
of low dopamine/low MAO (aggressive impulsive traits) can hardly
be related to the positive emotion associated with dopaminergic
activity.
Reinventing a broken wheel
Authors: Landau Barbara
Published: July 2002

Barsalou is right in arguing that perception has been unduly
neglected in theories of concept formation. However, the theory he
proposes is a weaker version of the classical empirical hypothesis
about the relationship between sensation, perception, and concepts.
It is weaker because it provides no principled basis for choosing the
elementary components of perception. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism
of concept formation, growth and development – simulation –
is essentially equivalent to the notion of a concept, frame, or theory,
and therefore inherits all the well-known problems inherent in these
constructs. The theory of simulation does not provide a clearly better
alternative to existing notions.
High purpose, low execution
Authors: Thompson Nicholas S.
Published: July 2002

In reasserting the primacy of the individual in biological
analysis, Rose directs attention away from the crucial insights of the
developmental/structuralist perspective that he advocates. In presenting
his advocacy as a diatribe, he brings disrespect down upon that very
tradition.
Markov covers and finiteness of periodic attractors for diffeomorphisms with a dominated splitting
Authors: ASAOKA MASAYUKI
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we show the existence of Markov covers for $C^2$ surface diffeomorphisms with a dominated splitting under some assumptions. Using a Markov cover, we can reduce the dynamics to a one-dimensional dynamical system having a good metric property. As an application, we show finiteness of periodic attractors for the above diffeomorphisms.
Parabolic limits of renormalization
Authors: HINKLE BENJAMIN
Published: July 2002

A unimodal map $f:[0,1] \to [0,1]$ is renormalizable if there is a sub-interval $I \subset [0,1]$ and an $n > 1$ such that $f^n|_I$ is unimodal. The renormalization of $f$ is $f^n|_I$ rescaled to the unit interval.

We extend the well-known classification of limits of renormalization of unimodal maps with bounded combinatorics to a classification of the limits of renormalization of unimodal maps with essentially bounded combinatorics. Together with results of Lyubich on the limits of renormalization with essentially unbounded combinatorics, this completes the combinatorial description of limits of renormalization. The techniques are based on the towers of McMullen and on the local analysis around perturbed parabolic points. We define a parabolic tower to be a sequence of unimodal maps related by renormalization or parabolic renormalization. We state and prove the combinatorial rigidity of bi-infinite parabolic towers with complex bounds and essentially bounded combinatorics, which implies the main theorem.

As an example we construct a natural unbounded analogue of the period-doubling fixed point of renormalization, called the essentially period-tripling fixed point.
Stochastic stability of invariant subspaces
Authors: BOGENSCHÜTZ THOMAS
Published: July 2002

We prove that a relevant part of the Lyapunov spectrum and the corresponding Oseledets spaces of a quasi-compact linear cocycle are stable under a certain type of random perturbation. The basic approach is a graph-transform argument. The result applies to the spectrum of (not necessarily i.i.d.) randomly perturbed expanding maps and yields generalizations of results recently obtained by Baladi, Kondah and Schmitt [5] with different methods.
The structure of unitary actions of finitely generated nilpotent groups
Authors: LEIBMAN A.
Published: July 2002

Let $G$ be a finitely generated nilpotent group of unitary operators on a Hilbert space ${\cal H}$. We prove that ${\cal H}$ is decomposable into a direct sum ${\cal H}=\bigoplus_{\alpha\in A}{\cal L}_{\alpha}$ of pairwise orthogonal closed subspaces so that elements of $G$ permute the subspaces ${\cal L}_{\alpha}$, and if $T({\cal L}_{\alpha})={\cal L}_{\alpha}$, then the action of $T$ on ${\cal L}_{\alpha}$ is either scalar or has continuous spectrum. We also provide examples showing that analogous results do not hold for solvable non-nilpotent groups.
Mélange faible topologique des flots sur les surfaces
Authors: LUCIEN ISABELLE
Published: July 2002

Le mélange faible topologique de presque tout échange d'intervalles différent d'une rotation a été démontré, en 1990, par Nogueira et Rudolph. On généralise ici ce résultat en considérant des flots suspensions au-dessus d'échanges d'intervalles : on montre que pour presque toute forme différentielle quadratique orientable sur une surface de genre ${\ge}2$, le flot vertical associé est topologiquement faiblement mélangeant ; le cas du tore permettant, lui, d'obtenir des fonctions propres continues naturelles par projection sur l'une des coordonnées.
Tilings, fundamental cocycles and fundamental groups of symbolic ${\Bbb Z}^{d}$-actions
Authors: SCHMIDT KLAUS
Published: July 2002

We prove that certain topologically mixing two-dimensional shifts of finite type have a ‘fundamental’ $1$-cocycle with the property that every continuous $1$-cocycle on the shift space with values in a discrete group is continuously cohomologous to a homomorphic image of the fundamental cocycle. These fundamental cocycles are closely connected with representations of the shift space by Wang tilings and the tiling groups of Conway, Lagarias and Thurston, and they determine the projective fundamental groups of the shift spaces introduced by Geller and Propp.
The Left in Britain in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Callaghan John
Published: July 2002

The eleventh annual conference of the Institute of Contemporary British
History was held at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London,
July 12–16, 1999. The first day was largely concerned with British Marxist
and socialist movements; the second concentrated on the trade unions and
comparative perspectives; the third and fourth days focused on the Labour party;
and the conference concluded with a day on the future of the Left. The
conference was male-dominated to about the same proportion as most university
departments in Britain, but the age range of participants was broad and involved
doctoral students as well as professors. Only two papers were presented on women
in the labor movement, and although participants addressed issues concerned with
identity and ethnicity, there was nothing directly concerned with imperialism or
immigrants from Britain's former colonies and their British-born
offspring.
Melinda Chateauvert, Marching Together: Women of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1998. xi + 267 pp. $46.95 cloth; $17.95 paper.
Authors: Greenwald Maurine W.
Published: July 2002

Marching Together uses gender as a category of analysis along
with race and class to reinterpret the history of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters from its inception in 1925 until the mid-1950s. Chateauvert
skillfully accomplishes four goals. First, she provides a detailed account of
the individual and organizational contributions of porters' wives to
building the Brotherhood in local communities, belying the union's
legendary account of courageous men of color battling a racist labor movement
and exploitative corporations on their own. Second, she provides an analysis of
the gender norms that governed the Brotherhood's organization and policies.
Third, Chateauvert provides a critique of the union's treatment of women
porters. Fourth, she provides a portrait of the civil rights activism of the
Brotherhood and its Ladies' Auxiliary between 1941 and 1956. Based on a
wealth of archival and published sources, Marching Together provides a
multifaceted and sophisticated analysis of the way that gender norms and
customary practices operated among Northern working-class African
Americans.
States of sovereignty, sovereign states, and ethnic claims for international status
Authors: RICHMOND OLIVER P.
Published: July 2002

Sovereignty is heavily contested by existing states which view the survival of territorial sovereignty as vital to international order and many ethnic groups that see states as an obstacle to their own claims to sovereignty. This article looks at how and why ethnic claims to sovereignty arise. It examines when such claims may emerge, what forms such claims may take, the benefits ethnic groups perceive may accrue, and the implications for the international system and the emerging post-Westphalian international society.
Contra Wight: the errors of a premature writing
Authors: CAMPBELL DAVID
Published: July 2002

Colin Wight has been obviously waiting some time to make his point. Much like a hunter who, with an old weapon and a handy supply of ammunition, has been frustrated by the lack of the right quarry, Wight has unloaded both barrels on the best available target. And what better target than ‘MetaBosnia’! For one who might be a member of an imaginary Epistemic Realist Shooters Association – where the motto is evidently something like ‘show us your epistemological framework so we can keep the relationship between world/word, fact/value and theory/practice conceptually clear and methodologically rigorous, damn it’ – this review must have seemed like the ideal beast. With the plumage of a pomo, the cry of a relativist, and a pedigree that incorporates the misogyny and proto-fascism of its turn-of-the-century German forebears, perfect prey indeed.
Computer simulation of robot dynamics
Authors: Eroglu M.
Published: July 2002

This paper contains the result of a computer simulation of the dynamic performance of a manipulator. Provision is made in the program developed to represent the manipulator in either a redundant or non-redundant form. The models derived are used in simulation studies to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the process when subjected to different control strategies for a range of operational tasks. The dynamic manipulator model presented is derived from the laws of Newtonian and Lagrangian Mechanics.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN TREATMENT OF BLEEDING DISORDERS
Authors: Eastaugh Steven R.
Published: July 2002

This paper presents the results of a contingent valuation study

measuring willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment of patients with von

Willebrand's disease. Median WTP for treatment of this disorder was

$1,500 or $3,500, depending on

how the initial bid was structured.

Regression analysis shows that income, education, and a category rating

scale for health status were significant in predicting WTP. The adjusted

annual WTP was $2,178. WTP surveys may increasingly be

useful for health technology assessment. Starting point bias in how the bids are structured must be

recognized.
SLA RESEARCH AND LANGUAGE TEACHING.Rod Ellis.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. viii + 280. £19.10 paper.
Authors: Lantolf James P.
Published: July 2002

Rod Ellis's latest offering addresses issues relating to the interface between SLA
research and language pedagogy. To this end, the book opens with an informative and
thought-provoking examination of applied SLA (research simultaneously encompassing the
theory and practice of SLA and pedagogy), which, following Widdowson, Ellis distinguishes
from SLA applied (extension of SLA findings to teaching). In this regard he discusses the
difference between technical knowledge and “confirmatory,” often experimental,
research on the one hand, and practical knowledge and “interpretative,” real world,
observation-interactional research on the other. According to Ellis, the confirmatory tradition,
which promotes an applied science (i.e., SLA applied) view of education, has been the dominant
paradigm in the field. This tradition situates researchers at the top of the research-practice
hierarchy as producers of information and locates teachers lower down on the hierarchy as
information consumers.
AN INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC THEORY AND LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION. Stephen Crain and Diane Lillo-Martin. Oxford: Blackwell,
1999. Pp. xii + 424. $36.95 paper.
Authors: Anderson Rachel T.
Published: July 2002

This enjoyable, informative book would serve as an excellent introductory text in a beginning
course on language acquisition or linguistics. The content is somewhat narrower than the title
suggests: The book deals exclusively with L1 acquisition, and its focus is Chomskyan syntax and
Universal Grammar, with a bit of semantics presented toward the end (i.e., phonology is not
addressed). Most of the data is from English, though other languages are explored (e.g., French,
Japanese), with three very interesting chapters on American Sign Language.
INFORMATION STRUCTURE AND SENTENCE FORM: TOPIC, FOCUS, AND
THE MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF DISCOURSE REFERENTS.Knud
Lambrecht. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xvi + 388. $54.95
cloth.
Authors: Frawley William
Published: July 2002

When I saw that this book was a comprehensive study of the relationships across discourse,
grammar, and prosody, my spirits sagged. “Oh, no,” I thought. “Not
this story again.” But 20 pages into the book I realized that Lambrecht had
taken a
new and sobering approach to the subject, tackling a very hard subject and giving convincing
answers with clear data.
Editorial
Authors: LIEVEN ELENA
Published: July 2002

While it has not been my policy to carry obituaries in the Journal, I would
like to note, with deep sorrow, the tragically early death of Peter Jusczyk and
to celebrate his major contributions to our field.

I am pleased to announce that the Journal is moving to four issues per year
which I hope will help us to publish accepted articles somewhat faster.

I would like to welcome Edith Bavin of La Trobe University as a new
Associate Editor. In addition we are also appointing a Statistics Consultant,
Glyn Collis, of Warwick University, to assist the action editors when
necessary.

We are continuing to publish at least one major Review and Commentary
section a year. The next will appear in Issue 2 of this year and will consist of
a review article by Dorit Ravid and Liliana Tolchinsky entitled: ‘Developing
linguistic literacy: a comprehensive model’ together with a number of
commentaries.

Finally, while we prefer not to include formal thanks for our editorial work
in the acknowledgement sections of papers unless our contribution has been
scientific and/or intellectual, but we are highly appreciative of feedback in
correspondence with authors and reviewers.
Hit polynomials and conjugation in the dual Steenrod algebra
Authors: SILVERMAN JUDITH H.
Published: July 2002

Let [Ascr ]* be the mod-2 Steenrod algebra of cohomology operations
and χ its
canonical antiautomorphism. For all positive integers f and k,

we show that the excess of the element
χ[Sq (2k−1f)·
Sq (2k−2f)…
Sq (2f)·Sq (f)] is
(2k−1)μ(f), where
μ(f) denotes the minimal number of summands in any representation
of
f as a sum of numbers of the form 2i−1.

We also interpret this result in purely combinatorial
terms. In so doing, we express the Milnor basis representation of the products

Sq (a1)…Sq (an)
and
χ[Sq (a1)…Sq (an)]

in terms of the cardinalities of certain sets of matrices.

For s[ges ]1, let
ℙs=[ ]2=
[x1, …, xs]

be the mod-2 cohomology of the s-fold product of
ℝP∞ with itself, with its usual structure
as an
[Ascr ]*-module. A polynomial P∈ℙs
is hit
if it is in the image of the action
[Ascr ]*×ℙs→ℙs,

where [Ascr ]* is the augmentation ideal of [Ascr ]*. We prove that
if the
integers e, f, and k satisfy
e<(2k−1)μ(f),
then for any polynomials E and F of degrees e

and f respectively, the product
E·F2k is hit. This

generalizes a result of Wood conjectured by Peterson, and proves a conjecture
of
Singer and Silverman.
A splitting for the stable mapping class group
Authors: TILLMANN ULRIKE
Published: July 2002

The main result of [15] is that the classifying
space of the stable mapping class group after plus construction
BΓ+∞ is an infinite loop space.
This result is used to show that, localized away from two, a connected
component of the stable homotopy groups of spheres QS0
splits off BΓ+∞. The splitting is a
splitting of infinite loop spaces. It follows immediately that the homology with
coefficients in ℤ[½] of the infinite
symmetric group is a direct summand of the homology of the stable mapping class
group.
Bend, break and count II: elliptics, cuspidals, linear genera
Authors: RAN Z.
Published: July 2002

In [R2] we showed how elementary considerations
involving geometry on ruled
surfaces may be used to obtain recursive enumerative formulae for rational plane
curves. Here we show how similar considerations may be used to obtain further
enumerative formulae, as follow. First some notation. As usual we denote by
Ngd the
number of irreducible plane curves of degree d and genus g
through 3d+g−1 general points. Also, we denote by
Ngd→ (resp.
Ngd×)
the number of such curves passing through general points
A1, …, A3d+g−2
and having a given tangent direction (resp. a node) at
A1. As is well known and easy to see, we have

formula here

For any d, g, these numbers are computed in [R1]
as part of a more general recursive procedure. For
N0d, N1d,
relatively simple recursions have been given by Kontsevich–Manin (see
[FP]) and Eguchi–Hori–Xiong–Getzler
(see [P1]), respectively.
Negotiating Marae Performance
Authors: McNaughton Howard
Published: July 2002

Since 1980, the term ‘marae theatre’ has been used to account for attempts within the Māori cultural renaissance to produce new plays which draw on the protocols of the marae, the traditional physical centre of the tribe. The marae, however, has been seen as an arena of performative interaction, quite independent of any element of play production. The 1998 revival for marae performance of Songs to the Judges by white playwright Mervyn Thompson, dealing with issues of Māori sovereignty and land rights, eighteen years after its first performance for a liberal urban audience, addressed a totally different audience in a radically altered mode of address. Marae communication is symmetrical, with local people and visitors following strict protocols, and actors performing to the authority and approval of the host marae. There arise familiar issues of cultural constraints, property and appropriation, mobilized with a special intensity here in the use of actual utterances of historical Māori resistance leaders, transposed into other mouths. The Western concept of performance itself is brought into a state of crisis, as are the foundations of a ‘postcolonial drama’.
The Integrated Design of Fuzzy Collision-Avoidance and H∞-Autopilots on Ships
Authors: Hwang Cheng-Neng
Published: July 2002

Collision avoidance remains the most important concern for ships at sea. Despite the electronic equipment now fitted on ships to support the mariner, expert experience is still essential when a ship is in danger of colliding with the others. To include these experts' experiences to resolve the problems of collision, we have designed a fuzzy collision-avoidance expert system that includes a knowledge base to store facts and rules, an inference engine to simulate experts' decisions and a fuzzy interface device. Either a quartermaster or an autopilot system can then implement the avoidance action proposed in the research. To perform the task of collision-avoidance effectively, a robust autopilot system using the state space H∞ control methodology has been designed to steer a ship safely for various conditions at sea in performing course keeping, course-changing and route-tracking more robustly. The integration of fuzzy collision-avoidance and H∞autopilot systems is then proposed in this paper.
Application of Kalman Filter and Mean Field Annealing Algorithms in

GPS-Based Attitude Determination
Authors: Juang Jyh-Ching , Huang Guo-Shing
Published: July 2002

In this paper, two algorithms of Global Positioning System
based attitude determination are
proposed. The first algorithm extends the Kalman filter approach to determine
the integer
ambiguity and the orientation that is needed in a typical
gps-based attitude determination
problem. The second algorithm explores the mean field annealing neural
network approach,
which is a combination of the competitive Hopfield neural network and the
stochastic
simulated annealing technique, to resolve the optimal attitude problems.
A test platform is set
up for verifying these algorithms. The two algorithms are further compared
in terms of
computation speed and convergence rate.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of

Italian military students
Authors: STROFFOLINI T. , ROSMINI F. , FERRIGNO L. , FORTINI M. , D'AMELIO R. , MATRICARDI P. M.
Published: July 2002

In 1990, to study regional prevalences and risk factors of
Helicobacter pylori infection in
healthy young adult males, sera were collected from a nationwide sample
of 1659 males (mean
age 20·7 years) at introduction into the Air Force School for
military students in Caserta, Italy.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect H. pylori

specific immunoglobulin
G antibodies. The observed overall seropositivity rate was 17·5%

(95% CI 15·7–19·4).
Prevalence was higher in southern Italy and in the Italian islands as compared
with northern
Italy and central Italy (21·3% vs. 9·5%). Multiple
logistic regression analysis showed that
residence in southern areas and islands was the strongest predictor of
the likelihood of H.
pylori seropositivity; number of siblings in the household was
marginally associated; years of
father's schooling was not a significant predictor. H. pylori

positive subjects were more likely
positive for antibodies to hepatitis A virus infection (anti-HAV) than
those
H. pylori negative
(35·4% vs. 24·9%; Odds Ratio 1·7, 95% CI 1·3–2·2).

Adjustment for the confounding effect of
sociodemographic variables weakened this association (OR 1·3,
95% CI 1·0–1·7). These
findings suggest that differences in environmental conditions rather than
in socioeconomic
status may have played the major role in the different spread of H.
pylori
infection across the country.
A major outbreak of hantavirus infection in Belgium in 1995
and 1996
Authors: HEYMAN P. , VERVOORT T. , COLSON P. , CHU Y.-K. , AVSIC-ZUPANC T. , LUNDKVIST Å.
Published: July 2002

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a human disease characterized by flu-like
symptoms, renal dysfunction, and in severe cases, haemorrhagic manifestations. The causative
agents of HFRS are Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Puumala (PUU) and Dobrava (DOB)
hantaviruses. Hantavirus infections are of increasing importance in Europe. Outbreaks occur in
Belgium with a 3- to 4-year interval with an increasing number of cases. We describe the
largest outbreak so far in Belgium with 217 serologically and clinically confirmed cases in the
period between October 1995 and December 1996. We demonstrated that the use of viral
antigen derived from a local PUU-strain was able to detect significantly more sera positive for
IgM in an immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, although in some cases SEO, HTN and
DOB antibody-reactivities were detected by ELISA, only PUU infections could be confirmed
by neutralization test. The presence of an unknown hantavirus serotype circulating in Belgium
should be considered.
An outbreak of Salmonella blockley infections following
smoked eel consumption in Germany
Authors: FELL G. , HAMOUDA O. , LINDNER R. , REHMET S. , LIESEGANG A. , PRAGER R. , GERICKE B. , PETERSEN L.
Published: July 2002

In June 1998, an increased number of persons with Salmonella blockley infection were reported
from one German state. Because S. blockley is extremely uncommon in Germany, a case-control study was performed in order to find the source. A total of 13 patients met the case
definition. Nine of 12 cases and 2 of 21 controls with food consumption histories reported
eating smoked eel (OR 28·5; 95% CI 3·9–235·3). The consumed eel came from four different
local smokeries, but could be traced back to fish farms in Italy. This outbreak indicates that
eel may be a vehicle for salmonella infection and that the smoking process may not eliminate
bacterial contamination from raw fish.
Genetic characterization of a new variant within the ET-37
complex of Neisseria meningitidis associated with outbreaks
in various parts of the world
Authors: JELFS J. , MUNRO R. , ASHTON F. E. , CAUGANT D. A.
Published: July 2002

A new variant within the electrophoretic type (ET)-37 complex of Neisseria meningitidis, ET-15,
first detected in Canada in 1986, has been associated with severe clinical infections and high
mortality rates in several European countries, Israel and Australia. To ascertain the genetic and
epidemiological relationships of ET-15 strains from different geographical areas, 72 ET-15
isolates from 10 countries were compared to 13 isolates representing other clones of the ET-37
complex. The 85 strains were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using 2
restriction endonucleases and Southern hybridization with 10 genetic markers. Four ET-15
strains and 4 other strains of the ET-37 complex were further examined using an additional
restriction enzyme and a total of 18 genetic markers. PFGE fingerprints of the ET-15 strains
were closely related. Strains within each country were even more closely related, suggesting
single introductions of the clone. Physical mapping of genes in ET-15 and other strains of the
ET-37 complex demonstrated that large genetic rearrangements of the genome have occurred in
association with the appearance of the ET-15 variant.
Maternal dietary protein intake and sex‐specific investment in Mastomys coucha (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Lamb C. E. , van Aarde R. J.
Published: July 2002

We examined data on captive multi‐mammate mice (Mastomys coucha) to assess differential maternal investment, and sex‐specific resource allocation. Differences in maternal size were induced through manipulation of dietary protein in three treatment groups: low (10%), medium (15%) and high (20%) protein diets. Mothers on the 20% protein diet were significantly larger than those on the lower protein diets, and produced significantly more male than female offspring. Mothers on the lower protein diets did not produce sex‐biased litters. There were no sex‐specific differences in body size or body tissue composition of pups at birth or at weaning within each treatment group. At weaning, pups in the 20% protein treatment group had proportionately greater amounts of lean tissue and less body lipid reserves than pups in the 10% protein treatment group. Pups in the 20% protein treatment group were also larger, and had faster growth rates, than those in the 10% protein treatment group. Weaned pups in the 15% protein treatment group had the fastest growth rates and greatest energetic reserves of all of the treatment groups. Our results suggest that larger mothers on the high (20%) protein diet show differential investment in the sexes, not by allocating more resources to individuals of that sex, but by producing more male than female offspring.
Rapid growth and critical behaviour in phase field models of solidification
Authors: GLASNER KARL
Published: July 2002

Rapid solidification fronts are studied using a phase field model. Unlike slow moving solutions
which approximate the Mullins–Sekerka free boundary problem, different limiting behaviour
is obtained for rapidly moving fronts. A time-dependent analysis is carried out for various
cases and the leading order behaviour of solidification front solutions is derived to be one
of several travelling wave problems. An analysis of these problems is conducted, leading to
expressions for front speeds in certain limits. The dynamics leading to these travelling wave
solutions is derived, and conclusions about stability are drawn. Finally, a discussion is made
of the relationship to other solidification models.
The light fluid loading limit for fluid/solid interactions
Authors: CRASTER R. V.
Published: July 2002

Many elastodynamic solutions exist for wave interactions with

defects upon or within an elastic

half space bounded above by a vacuum. The aim of this paper is to

significantly widen the scope

of these solutions by showing that they can be directly utilized, when
the

vacuum is replaced

by a fluid, to find the leading order acoustic (or elastic) responses in
the

light fluid-loading limit.

Using the procedure developed here one can take virtually any elastodynamic

solution and use

it to generate the leading-order solution for a fluid-loaded elastic solid.
Existence results for Hele–Shaw flow driven by surface tension
Authors: PROKERT G.
Published: July 2002

This paper addresses short-time existence and uniqueness
of a solution to the N-dimensional
Hele–Shaw flow problem with surface tension as driving mechanism.

Global existence in time
and exponential decay of the solution near equilibrium are also proved.
The results are
obtained in Sobolev spaces Hs
with sufficiently large s. The main tools are perturbations of
a
fixed reference domain, linearization with respect to these perturbations,
a quasilinearization
argument based on a geometric invariance property, and a priori
energy estimates.
The semantics of future and an application
Authors: FLANAGAN C. , FELLEISEN M.
Published: July 2002

The future annotation of MultiLisp provides a simple method for taming the implicit
parallelism of functional programs. Prior research on future has concentrated on implementation
and design issues, and has largely ignored the development of a semantic characterization of
future. This paper considers an idealized functional language with futures and presents a series
of operational semantics with increasing degrees of intensionality. The first semantics defines
future to be a semantically transparent annotation. The second semantics interprets a future
expression as a potentially parallel task. The third semantics explicates the coordination of
parallel tasks by introducing placeholder objects and touch operations.

We use the last semantics to derive a program analysis algorithm and an optimization
algorithm that removes provably redundant touch operations. Experiments with the Gambit
compiler indicate that this optimization significantly reduces the overhead imposed by touch
operations.
The concept of consent and cognitive impairment - nursing issues
Authors: Collier Elizabeth H
Published: July 2002

Consent is a conceptual issue, and it can be argued that some of the most complex cases in assessing competence to consent arise when dealing with patients with dementia. This paper is concerned with the practical difficulties nurses face, an area for
which there is little guidance.

Much of the literature relates to the ethics and legalities of informed consent for treatment or research, frequently in relation to medicine, philosophy and the law. Some frameworks are offered within these areas by which to assess a person‘s competence to consent, but they are of limited use in nursing.
On the phrasal vs. clausal syntactic status of French infinitives: causative constructions and subject inversion
Authors: Baschung Karine , Desmets Marianne
Published: July 2002

We examine the phrasal vs. clausal syntactic status of French infinitives. Whereas a number of current theories assume a VP-hypothesis (contra principles and parameters theories, including the Minimalist Program), data relative to causative constructions in French are often treated as clausal constructions (the so-called ‘proposition infinitive’). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate (i) that it is possible to account for causative constructions in French according to the VP-hypothesis (e.g. in the HPSG framework); (ii) that it is in fact impossible to maintain a clausal hypothesis for causative constructions with respect to subject inversion in French. We therefore argue in favour of the VP-hypothesis for all (French) infinitives.
On the foundations of final coalgebra semantics: non-well-founded
sets,
partial orders, metric spaces
Authors: TURI DANIELE , RUTTEN JAN
Published: July 2002

This paper, a revised version of Rutten and Turi (1993), is
part of a programme aiming at
formulating a mathematical theory of structural operational semantics to
complement the
established theory of domains and denotational semantics to form a coherent
whole
(Turi 1996; Turi and Plotkin 1997). The programme is based on a suitable
interplay between
the induction principle, which pervades modern mathematics, and
a dual, non-standard
‘coinduction principle’, which underlies many of the
recursive
phenomena occurring in computer science.

The aim of the present survey is to show that the elementary
categorical notion of a final
coalgebra is a suitable foundation for such a coinduction principle.
The properties of
coalgebraic coinduction are studied both at an abstract categorical level
and in some specific
categories used in semantics, namely categories of non-well-founded sets,
partial orders and
metric spaces.