bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple solutions of unsteady flow of CNTs nanofluid over permeable shrinking surface with effects of dissipation and slip conditions
Authors: Dero Sumera , Fadhel Mustafa Abbas , Lund Liaquat Ali , Shah Nehad Ali
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to analyze the unsteady incompressible flow of the viscous nanofluid on a contracting surface with viscous dissipation effects. Presented and contrasted are analyses of both multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). As the common (or base) fluids, kerosene oil and water are utilized. In the existence of first-order thermal and velocity slip conditions, mathematical modeling and analysis are performed. Using the MATLAB software’s bvp4c solver tool, numerical solutions to the governing nonlinear modeled problems were obtained. This technique is particularly effective for developing many solutions to highly nonlinear differential equations. In addition, a comparison is done between this study and previously published works. The temperature, velocity, skin friction coefficient and heat-transfer rate have been explored for various significant factors included in the problem statements. In the unsteadiness parameter regime, dual solutions can be found. As the velocity slip parameter is increased, the flow slows down. In comparison to SWCNTs kerosene, MWCNTs kerosene oil has a greater velocity curve for the nanoparticles volume fraction. Increases in volume fraction decrease skin friction, whereas increases in the unsteadiness parameter speed up the drag force. Furthermore, as the Eckert number intensity increases, so do the temperature profiles in both solutions. Finally, the stability study revealed that the initial solution is robust, whereas the breakage in the second solution in the Nusselt number shows singularity, and thus the second solution is considered unstable.
Fractional anisotropic Calderón problem on complete Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Choulli Mourad , Ouhabaz El Maati
Published: November 2023

We prove that the metric tensor [Formula: see text] of a complete Riemannian manifold is uniquely determined, up to isometry, from the knowledge of a local source-to-solution operator associated with a fractional power of the Laplace–Beltrami operator [Formula: see text]. Our result holds under the condition that the metric tensor [Formula: see text] is known in an arbitrary small subdomain. We also consider the case of closed manifolds and provide an improvement of the main result in [A. Feizmohammadi, T. Ghosh, K. Krupchyk and G. Uhlmann, Fractional anisotropic Calderón problem on closed Riemannian manifolds, preprint (2021); arXiv:2112.03480].
Improving Innovation Performance by Means of Open Innovation: The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Information Technology Capability
Authors: Herbst Tobias D. , Hausberg J. Piet
Published: November 2023

Prior studies indicate that firms yield varying results while adapting to open innovation (OI). They suggest an optimum OI level using the concepts of external search breadth and depth, whose antecedents’ relationships with innovation performance (IP) have been inadequately examined. This study explores how information technology capability (ITC) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) influence a firm’s external search strategies and impact its IP. A survey of listed German firms ([Formula: see text]) found no support for a curvilinear relationship between open external search strategies and IP. Moreover, the assumption that ITC positively affects the relationship between external search strategy openness and IP was unsupported, proposing a negative moderating impact of ITC. The study observes that EO has differential moderating and direct effects on external search strategy effectiveness and its collective impact on IP.
Maximal-Semantics-Augmented BertGCN for Text Classification
Authors: Yang Xiaoqi , Liu Wuying
Published: November 2023

Text classification is an important research work in the field of natural language processing (NLP), and many methods of machine learning and deep learning are widely used in this work. In this paper, we propose a method namely Maximal-Semantics-Augmented BertGCN (MSABertGCN) based on BertGCN that further improves the results of text categorization tasks. In this work, the extended semantic information of text is utilized more effectively by means of text semantic enhancement and graph nodes enhancement while preserving the original text features. Four datasets commonly used in the fields of text classification, namely R8, R52, Ohsumed and MR, were used to verify the validity of the method we proposed. Experimental results show that compared with BertGCN and other baselines, the proposed method MSABertGCN has varying degrees of improvement in the accuracy with respect to the R8, R52, Ohsumed and MR datasets.
Thus Spake ChatGPT
Authors: Dutta Subhabrata , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: November 2023

On the reliability of AI-based chatbots for science communication.
Tales of Topological Qubits
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: November 2023

Emulating the behavior of exotic quantum states may give quantum computing a better way of squeezing out troublesome noise and errors.
Saving Digital Libraries and the Internet Archive
Authors: Shein Esther
Published: November 2023

A battle over "truth and who has access to it in the digital age."
Causal Inference in the Social Sciences
Authors: Imbens Guido W.
Published: November 2023

Knowledge of causal effects is of great importance to decision makers in a wide variety of settings. In many cases, however, these causal effects are not known to the decision makers and need to be estimated from data. This fundamental problem has been known and studied for many years in many disciplines. In the past thirty years, however, the amount of empirical as well as methodological research in this area has increased dramatically, and so has its scope. It has become more interdisciplinary, and the focus has been more specifically on methods for credibly estimating causal effects in a wide range of both experimental and observational settings. This work has greatly impacted empirical work in the social and biomedical sciences. In this article, I review some of this work and discuss open questions.
Electrodeposition of Fe-Ni Alloy Films having Invar Compositions with Fe3+ as the Sole Iron Source
Authors: Arai Susumu , Tomiita Koyuru , Shimizu Masahiro , Narita Haruhi
Published: November 2023

Fe-Ni alloy films with invar alloy compositions were electrodeposited from a stable citrate bath containing trivalent iron ions (Fe3+) as the sole iron source. This bath was prepared based on determining the equilibrium constants for acid dissociation, complex formation and precipitation reactions. Electrodeposition was conducted under galvanostatic conditions at 25 °C without agitation and an investigation was carried out into the effects of pH and current density on the composition and microstructure of the films. The results showed that ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3), which is normally poorly soluble, did not precipitate after electrodeposition. Fe-Ni alloy films containing 31‒42 mass% Ni (including Fe-36 mass% Ni) were formed with a current efficiency of approximately 70%. The films were smooth and were made up of grains with sub-micron sizes, although some cracks were observed. Fe and Ni were distributed homogeneously throughout the films and the Fe-Ni solid solutions exhibited both face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic structures.
A comprehensive protocol combining in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological experiments in an arrhythmogenic animal model
Authors: Nyman Mathias , Stølen Tomas O. , Johnsen Anne Berit , Garten Karin , Burton Francis L. , Smith Godfrey L. , Loennechen Jan Pål
Published: November 2023

Rodent models are widely used in arrhythmia research. However, most studies do not standardize clinically relevant in vivo and ex vivo techniques to support their conclusions. Here, we present a comprehensive electrophysiological protocol in an arrhythmogenic rat model, connecting in vivo and ex vivo programmed electrical stimulation with optical mapping. By establishing this protocol, we aim to facilitate the adoption of a standardized model for investigating arrhythmias, enhancing research rigor and comparability in this field.
Global Research Hotspots in Venous Thromboembolism Anticoagulation: A Knowledge-Map Analysis from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Yang-Xi , Yan Yi-Dan , Liu Li , Zhang Chi , Pan Mang-Mang , Lin Hou-Wen , Gu Zhi-Chun
Published: November 2023

Background. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human lives. Anticoagulant therapy is considered to be the cornerstone of VTE treatment. An increasing number of studies has been updated in the VTE anticoagulation field. However, no bibliometric analyses have assessed these publications comprehensively. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the global status, hotspots, and trends of anticoagulant therapy for VTE. Methods. The relevant literature on VTE anticoagulation published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved and collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer, Cooccurrence Matrix Builder, gCLUTO, and some online visualization tools were adopted for bibliometric analysis. Results. A total of 15,152 related articles were retrieved. In recent years, the research output of VTE anticoagulation gradually increased. The United States was the most productive country. International cooperation is concentrated in North America and Europe; the most influential documents, journals, authors, and organizations were also from these two continents. Research hotspots mainly focus on clinical guidelines, VTE in special populations, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), and parenteral anticoagulation. The research frontiers and trends include the assessment of NOACs and the antithrombotic management of VTE complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conclusion. This bibliometric analysis provides a systematic overview of the VTE anticoagulation research, which will facilitate researchers to better understand the situation of VTE anticoagulation. Future studies should be dedicated to NOACs application and VTE-combined COVID-19 patients.
Genomic Diversity and Virulence Genes Characterization of Bacillus cereus sensu lato Isolated from Processing Equipment of an Algerian Dairy Plant
Authors: Didouh Nassima , Achek Rachid , Celandroni Francesco , Ghelardi Emilia , Mazzantini Diletta , Postollec Florence , Moussa-Boudjemaa Boumediene , Ouoba L. Irène I. , Tomaso Herbert , Linde Jörg , El-Adawy Hosny
Published: November 2023

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium causing food spoilage. In this study, seventeen B. cereus were isolated from dairy processing equipment in Algeria and characterized. The pathogenic potential genes encoding hemolysin, nonhaemolytic enterotoxin, cytotoxin K and emetic toxin were investigated by PCR. Phylogeny and genetic markers for antimicrobial resistance and virulence were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data using the Illumina MiSeq® technology. The identity of the isolated strains was confirmed as B. cereus sensu lato and the sequencing of the panC gene clustered 64.7% of them in phylogenetic group III and 35.3% in group IV. The results of PFGE showed that 8 (47.1%), 4 (23.5%), 3 (17.6%) and 2 (11.8%) were differentiated into four groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Each of the two panC phylogenetic groups contains two different types of isolates corresponding to PFGE group (A and C) and (B and D) for phylogenetic groups III and IV, respectively. None of the 14 isolates carried the emetic toxin (ces) gene, whereas other toxin genes were variably detected. Genotyping assigned all isolates to three different sequence types (ST 2226, ST1018 and ST1431) while one clonal complex (CC-142) was identified in three isolates. Hierarchical clustering with a threshold of 500 core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNPs) differences grouped the strains into three clusters while two strains were less than 20 SNPs different. Three B. cereus (25%) contained three enterotoxic HBL complex-encoding genes hblA/C/D. Enterotoxic NHE complex-encoding genes (nheA/B/C) and the ctyK1 gene were detected in all isolates. The overall results highlight the risk due to toxins produced by the B. cereus group in the food safety and dairy industries in Algeria. This study emphasized the potential of whole-genome sequencing for genotyping and predicting the virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance. The present study will help to better assess the health and spoilage risk associated with B. cereus in dairy processing plants and to incorporate adequate preventive measures.
Optical Detection of the Viruses by Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
Authors: Gurung Bindu , Lama Amit , Pokhrel Tamlal , Sinjali Bishnu Bahadur , Thapa Sushma , Bhusal Manisha , Adhikari Achyut
Published: November 2023

Viruses are dangerous pathogenic biological agents as they are highly infectious, very small in size, and have no real cure. Thus, early detection is the crucial step in defense against such threats. The optical biosensor is one of the appropriate approaches to the detection of viruses. An optical biosensor is a compact analytical device that contains a biorecognition sensing element integrated with an optical transducer system. This review is aimed at reporting the basic concept of optical biosensors with the recent biomedical applications of its varied forms briefly. Also, this paper focuses on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on optical biosensors and their few forms. Further, we discuss the varied forms of AuNPs-based biosensors in detecting various viruses in recent decades. This study has presented some recent achievements of AuNPs-based optical biosensors in virus detection in the last decade. Also, we have discussed some challenges being faced by the optical sensors and also their future prospects.
Multi-dimension Waqf: Perpetuating Waqf Inclusiveness Through Digitalization
Authors: Manzilati Asfi , Wildana Muhammad Dandy Alif
Published: November 2023

Waqf was once one of the most versatile and impactful institution in the Islamic society. However, over the past century waqf has been reduced and limited to only a fraction of its functions. The advancement of technology and digitalization has made its breakthrough to our daily life, and waqf may has the potential in utilizing it. The main ideas of waqf are inclusiveness and perpetuity of benefit that it gave, and technology can amplify it broader recipients regardless of any hindrance. With technology, the deficiency that waqf faced in its past can be remedied and it will increase its impact and benefit to all. Although the collaboration of waqf and technology may seem promising as it shows, there are some aspects in waqf, especially in the Islamic Law (Fiqh) that must be revisited and re-aligned to harmonize the perception among the Islamic Jurists to ensure sound, robust, and agile waqf institution that follows the development of society.
From Disruption to Inclusion: The Role of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Ensuring an Inclusive Economy
Authors: Pimada Laila Masruroh , Prasetyia Ferry
Published: November 2023

The concept of an inclusive economy has emerged as a critical issue in global development discussions, aiming for a more equitable and sustainable society. It focuses on four main characteristics: education and training, access to resources, sustainable growth, and quality employment. Digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted economic inclusion, enabling equal access to and opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background. To implement an inclusive economy, crosssector collaboration, appropriate policies, and innovation are needed. Challenges include digital access gaps, skills and education gaps, data diversity, job loss, security and privacy issues, investment gaps, and technological dependence. Policy recommendations include education investment, technology regulation, support for SMEs, and international cooperation to establish global standards and policies that promote equitable growth.
Observing the Digitalization of Digital Banking Ecosystem in Asia
Authors: Pangestuty Farah Wulandari , Krisnugroho Ignatius Kuncoro
Published: November 2023

The significant development of digital technology has brought changes to all economic sectors, especially banking. The massive use of digital technology has also encouraged changes in lifestyle in society, requiring financial services from banks that are appropriate to the current era. Many digital services are offered by banks in order to increase competitiveness and cost efficiency. Technological disruption in banking also provides opportunities for large consumers in the Asian region but also has challenges and risks that need to mitigated.
O gênero epistolar: gênese das obras, gênese de si
Authors: Diaz José-Luiz , Ferreira Ligia Fonseca
Published: November 2023

Este artigo recorre ao gênero epistolar para indicar a possibilidade de uma compreensão mais ampla dos processos criativos em literatura no século XIX. Busca-se aqui a sistematização dos modos de se entrever, na correspondência, os estágios iniciais da redação, os planos de obras e os dilemas dos autores ao longo do tempo. Destacam-se os “titubeios”, os horizontes estéticos ainda em formação, os desejos e as ambições individuais; tais diálogos, abrigados nas correspondências de escritor (Stendhal, Balzac, Sand, Musset, Flaubert, Zola, Mallarmé, Rimbaud etc.), emergem como elemento incontornável à compreensão dos processos de redação e, consequentemente, do espaço polifônico em que suas obras se produzem. Destaca-se ainda, aqui, a evolução do gênero epistolar, sublinhando sua capacidade de constituir o “laboratório de escrita” que se abre para leitura.
A correspondência na gênese de revistas literárias: o caso da Revista de Antropofagia
Authors: Silva Ana Maria Formoso Cardoso e
Published: November 2023

Este artigo aborda a participação da correspondência na dinâmica de produção de uma revista literária. A partir do entendimento de que as relações de sociabilidade fazem parte da estrutura de sustentação desse tipo de periódico e influem em sua composição, as cartas, que preservam amostra significativa dessas relações, são vistas como elementos imprescindíveis para um estudo genético dessas publicações. A fim de se mostrar que tal estudo requer a percepção da sociabilidade particular constituída ao redor de cada revista literária, mais do que a compreensão isolada do processo de criação de cada texto que a compõe, são analisadas cartas referentes à Revista de Antropofagia nas suas duas fases. Quanto à primeira, destaca-se a dissonância no modo como seu diretor e seu gerente demonstram interpretar o projeto que conduzem. Quanto à segunda, focaliza-se o caso da deglutição de algumas cartas, que se transformam em matéria incorporada ao periódico mesmo quando não enviadas como colaboração.
Neural Speech Tracking Highlights the Importance of Visual Speech in Multi-speaker Situations
Authors: Haider Chandra L. , Park Hyojin , Hauswald Anne , Weisz Nathan
Published: November 2023

Visual speech plays a powerful role in facilitating auditory speech processing and has been a publicly noticed topic with the wide usage of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a previous magnetoencephalography study, we showed that occluding the mouth area significantly impairs neural speech tracking. To rule out the possibility that this deterioration is because of degraded sound quality, in the present follow-up study, we presented participants with audiovisual (AV) and audio-only (A) speech. We further independently manipulated the trials by adding a face mask and a distractor speaker. Our results clearly show that face masks only affect speech tracking in AV conditions, not in A conditions. This shows that face masks indeed primarily impact speech processing by blocking visual speech and not by acoustic degradation. We can further highlight how the spectrogram, lip movements and lexical units are tracked on a sensor level. We can show visual benefits for tracking the spectrogram especially in the multi-speaker condition. While lip movements only show additional improvement and visual benefit over tracking of the spectrogram in clear speech conditions, lexical units (phonemes and word onsets) do not show visual enhancement at all. We hypothesize that in young normal hearing individuals, information from visual input is less used for specific feature extraction, but acts more as a general resource for guiding attention.
How Abstract Is Linguistic Generalization in Large Language Models? Experiments with Argument Structure
Authors: Wilson Michael , Petty Jackson , Frank Robert
Published: November 2023

Language models are typically evaluated on their success at predicting the distribution of specific words in specific contexts. Yet linguistic knowledge also encodes relationships between contexts, allowing inferences between word distributions. We investigate the degree to which pre-trained transformer-based large language models (LLMs) represent such relationships, focusing on the domain of argument structure. We find that LLMs perform well in generalizing the distribution of a novel noun argument between related contexts that were seen during pre-training (e.g., the active object and passive subject of the verb spray), succeeding by making use of the semantically organized structure of the embedding space for word embeddings. However, LLMs fail at generalizations between related contexts that have not been observed during pre-training, but which instantiate more abstract, but well-attested structural generalizations (e.g., between the active object and passive subject of an arbitrary verb). Instead, in this case, LLMs show a bias to generalize based on linear order. This finding points to a limitation with current models and points to a reason for which their training is data-intensive.1
Compliance with Decisions of the Dispute Settlement Bodies of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Klein Natalie , McNally Jack
Published: November 2023

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (‘UNCLOS’) not only establishes a suite of maritime zones and sets out the rights and duties of States therein, but it is also one of the few multilateral treaties that includes a complex dispute settlement regime creating compulsory jurisdiction for disputes relating to its interpretation or application. Given that the UNCLOS dispute settlement regime has now been in operation for close to 30 years, it is timely to consider whether the cases instituted under the regime are resulting in decisions with which the parties comply. This study is the first to examine compliance in relation to all judgments issued pursuant to the UNCLOS compulsory dispute settlement regime to date.
Theorising Danger or Dangerous Theories? Positivist Data and the Making of the China Threat
Authors: Lindemann Thomas
Published: November 2023

Most critical scholars have criticized the validity of positivist claims and positivist ambitions to propose general and value-free explanations. However, less attention has been paid to the question of how positivist data collection, methods and epistemology structures our interpretative and normative vision of international relations. In order to address this question I will focus on how nomological positivism frames the threat perceptions of international conflict. In particular I ask how conflict is predicted by positivist scholars and the kind of solutions they suggest in order to avoid conflict. I argue that by reducing actors to coherent, strategic, measurable objects, positivism often leads to exaggerated fear. Such alarmism embedded in positivist scholarship is nourished by the denial of individuality, complexity, contingency and social relations characterized by empathy, identification and trust. This article presents to my knowledge the first study that examines the elective affinities between positivism and international violence.
9. Creating and Sustaining the Care Information Utility
Authors: Ingram David
Published: November 2023

We come now to the most challenging questions concerning the care information utility: how, where and by whom will it be created and sustained, and under what governance arrangements? This chapter looks to the wider and future scene, to consider how the work described in Chapters Eight and Eight and a Half can be extended and sustained, in the context of greater opportunity and need for individual self-management of care and supportive services that move from a fragmenting culture of ‘What is the matter with you?’ to an integrative culture of ‘What matters to you?’ We must embrace an iterative and incremental approach here, where we learn by doing. The chapter is thus not prescriptive; it rather reflects on the nature of the challenges faced and what we should have in mind in framing our policy and practice in tackling them.

Central to this will be the approach and method adopted for implementation of a coherent and trusted information utility that every citizen can feel part of and contribute to, which helps and supports them along the way as they seek health and wellbeing in their own lives, and the lives of those they care for. The chapter highlights the importance of the Creative Commons and public domain governance that bridges with and preserves the non-exclusive relationship with private enterprise. The story of common land and its appropriation to private interests through the eighteenth-century Enclosure Acts in the UK, is visited as a parable of common ground in the Information Age. It discusses the harm that restriction of intellectual property does in blocking innovation that tackles intractable ‘wicked problems’, which require connection and collaboration on common ground, within diversely connected communities of practice.

The chapter then focuses on the work of implementing and sustaining the care information utility and the environments, teams and communities whereby it is enabled and supported. It looks at the different qualities of leadership that such pioneering endeavours require and exemplify, and playfully compares them with the principles outlined in The Art of War, the classic text of Sun Tzu, which is much used in elite management courses on leadership. With its focus on people and environments, this part of the chapter draws a great deal on people I have known and worked with, and environments we worked in and created together, and is thus especially personal and autobiographical.

Trust in and recognition of individual and communal roles and responsibilities must unite citizens with the multiple professions and communities of health care practice, around shared goals for the care information utility. Governance arrangements will thus constitute a third major component of implementation of a utility that is coherent, effective, efficient, equitable, stable and life-enhancing, in support of health care services for the Information Society of tomorrow.

These threefold challenges of implementation will require strong alliances—the theme I reflect on, in parenthesis, at the end of the chapter.
A Theory for Self-Sustained Multicentennial Oscillation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Part II: Role of Temperature
Authors: Yang Kunpeng , Yang Haijun , Li Yang
Published: November 2023

In the first part of our research on self-sustained multicentennial oscillation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), we utilized a hemispheric box model considering only the salinity equations. In this study, we consider both thermal and saline processes in the box model to investigate the AMOC multicentennial oscillation and the role of temperature. The thermal processes have mainly two effects, shortening the oscillation period and stabilizing the system, which are caused by the fast surface temperature restoration and negative feedback between temperature advection and AMOC, respectively. Introducing nonlinearity into the system can lead to self-sustained AMOC oscillation that is controlled by ocean internal dynamics, whose mechanism is generalized as a growing oscillation restrained by nonlinearity. The nonlinearity can arise from subpolar vertical mixing, or a nonlinear relation between the AMOC anomaly and the meridional difference of density anomaly. Linear stability analyses reveal that the eigenmode of the system is sensitive to model parameters, including model geometry, mean strength of the AMOC, and the AMOC’s sensitivity to density perturbation, surface virtual salt flux, and meridional temperature gradient. A larger surface virtual salt flux enhances the positive salinity advection feedback, and a smaller meridional temperature gradient weakens the negative temperature advection feedback. Both processes destabilize the AMOC multicentennial oscillation. Such situations may be expected in the future due to more intense warming and freshwater hosing at the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
Methods for Validating HRRR Simulated Cloud Properties for Different Weather Phenomena Using Satellite and Radar Observations
Authors: Griffin Sarah M. , Otkin Jason A. , Lewis William E.
Published: November 2023

In this study, we evaluate the ability of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model to forecast cloud characteristics through comparison of observed and simulated satellite brightness temperatures (BTs) and radar reflectivity during different weather phenomena in December 2021: the Mayfield, Kentucky, tornado on 11 December, a heavy snow event in Minnesota from 10 to 11 December, and the Midwest derecho on 15 December. This is done to illustrate the importance of examining model accuracy across a range of weather phenomena. Observation and forecast objects were created using the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE). HRRR accurately depicted the spatial displacements between observation cloud (defined using BTs) and radar reflectivity objects, namely, the centers of cloud objects are to the east of the radar objects for the tornado and derecho events, and generally west of the radar objects for the snow event. However, HRRR had higher (less intense) simulated BTs and higher (more intense) radar reflectivity than the observations for the tornado event. Simulated radar reflectivity is higher and BTs are lower than the observations during the middle of the snow event. Also, simulated radar reflectivity is higher and BTs are lower than the observations during the derecho event. Of the three weather events, the HRRR forecasts are most accurate for the snow event, based on the object-based threat score, followed by the derecho and tornado events. The tornado event has lower accuracy because matches between paired simulated and observation objects are worse than for the snow event, with less similarity in size forecast objects and greater distance between paired object centers.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of forecast cloud and radar objects, defined using simulated satellite brightness temperatures and radar reflectivity, from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. This assessment was conducted for a tornado, snow, and derecho event from December 2021. Results from these three events indicate that the HRRR model accurately represents the observed displacement between the center of cloud and radar objects for the tornado and derecho events, and is the most accurate overall for the snow event.
Metformin Does not Affect Outcomes in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy and Resection
Authors: Sonal Swati , Boudreau Chloe , Kunitake Hiroko , Goldstone Robert N. , Lee Grace C. , Cauley Christy E. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Francone Todd D. , Ricciardi Rocco , Berger David L.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

There is emerging evidence that metformin may have a protective effect in patients with cancer. However, its current evidence in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is inconclusive. We aim to assess the effect of metformin on long-term outcomes in patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection.

Methods

A retrospective review of 324 patients with nonmetastatic LARC who received neoadjuvant therapy and major surgical resection from 2004 to 2018. There were 27 patients who received metformin before surgery and 297 patients who did not receive metformin.

Results

Metformin users were associated with a significantly higher age, BMI, ASA score, and 30-day readmissions ( P < .05). There was no difference in overall survival (OS, P = .18) or disease-free survival (DFS, P = .33) between the two groups. On Cox regression, metformin intake did not predict OS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.4-1.77) when controlled for age (HR 1.04, 1.02-1.06), sex (HR 1.13, 0.69-1.85), BMI (HR 0.97, 0.92-1.02), ASA score (HR: 1.7, 1.06-2.73), TNT (HR 0.31, 0.1-0.92), pathological Stage III disease (HR 2.55, 1.51-4.32), extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) (HR 3.06, 1.7-5.5), and adjuvant therapy (HR 0.1, 0.04-0.27 for <25 months OS and HR 0.3, 0.15-0.59 for ≥25 months). Disease-free survival showed a similar trend with no significant effect of metformin (HR 0.77, 0.39-1.52) when controlled for age, sex, BMI, ASA, TNT, Stage III disease, EMVI, and adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion

Metformin does not affect long-term survival in LARC treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the findings further.
Female Surgeons and Physicians Experience Greater Infertility Rates and Pregnancy Complications Than Other Professional Women
Authors: Yau Alice , Lentskevich Marina A. , Ahmed Kaleem S. , Rangel Erika L. , Gosain Arun K.
Published: November 2023

Background

Long years of school/training have shown to be associated with infertility and pregnancy complications. Rates of infertility and pregnancy complications were compared among women in demanding professional careers to better understand career differences impacting family planning.

Methods

Inclusion criteria : English-speaking, childbearing professional women in surgery, medicine, law, and engineering. Exclusion criteria: men and women not in professional careers mentioned and non-childbearing women. Male-dominated fields identified to select non-medical female professionals. Top medical, law, and engineering schools’ female faculty were surveyed from October 2022 to December 2022. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests were performed.

Results

2302 surveys were distributed and 268 responses were obtained (11.6%): 121 non-surgeon physicians, 120 lawyers/other doctorate degree holders, and 27 other/unknown. Data analysis included prior study’s surgeon data. The median age (IQR = 25%, 75%) of the surgeons was 40y (36,45), non-surgeon physicians 43y (37,50), and law/other doctorates 38y (35,46). Delayed childbearing was observed in 65.0% surgeons, 66.1% non-surgeon physicians, and 57.5% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Pregnancy loss <10wks was observed in 35.3% surgeons, 33.9% non-surgeon physicians, and 30.8% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Infertility testing was performed in 43.0% non-surgeon physicians and 34.2% law/other doctorates ( P < .001). Assisted reproductive technology was utilized by 24.9% surgeons, 43.0% non-surgeon physicians, and 21.7% law/other doctorates ( P < .001).

Discussion

Surgeons/physicians suffer more childbearing complications than other professional women.
A Vehicle Simulation Study Examining the Effects of System Interface Design Elements on Performance in Different Vibration Environments Below 3 Hz
Authors: Tang Xing , Yu Suihuai , Donmez Birsen , Chu Jianjie , Fan Hao , Li Feilong , Jiang Gang
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between system interface elements' design features and interaction performance in simulated vehicle vibration environments.

Background

Touch screens have been widely used in vehicle information systems, but few studies have focused on the decline of touchscreen interaction performance and task load increase when driving on unpaved roads.

Method

The interaction performance (reaction time and task accuracy rate) with vibration frequencies below 3 Hz (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Hz) and different interface design elements was investigated employing a touch screen computer and E-prime software.

Results

The results indicate that vehicle vibration (below 3 Hz) can significantly reduce interaction performance with a vehicle information system interface.

Conclusion

An appropriate increase in the physical size of the interface design features (visual stimulus materials and touch buttons) can help to mitigate this negative effect of vibration.

Application

The results and findings of this study can be utilized for the design of information system interfaces as it relates to the vibration scenario of unpaved roads.
Strengthening Supervisor Bonds but Impairing Coworker Relations? The Divergent Effects of Voice Endorsement
Authors: Rubenstein Alex L. , Xia Yuhuan , Lan Yuanyuan , Morrison Hayley M. , Newton Daniel W.
Published: November 2023

Research on voice endorsement has predominantly focused on factors that predict whether supervisors will react favorably to subordinate suggestions. Beyond considering its antecedents, however, it is equally pertinent to understand how such positive social feedback affects voicers and their relations with others. Drawing from appraisal theories of emotion and the dual-faceted, functional conceptualization of pride, we develop and test a model in which supervisor voice endorsement elicits divergent effect patterns—one underscoring relationship maintenance, and the other relationship impairment. To test our hypotheses, we collected multi-wave data from 414 voicing subordinates and their 112 supervisors employed in a high-tech company. Regarding the relationship maintenance pathway, our results demonstrate that voice endorsement positively relates to future supportive voice toward supervisors, and this effect is mediated by voicers’ felt authentic pride. Meanwhile, for the relationship impairment pathway, endorsement also positively relates to voicer hubristic pride and, in turn, greater interpersonal conflict with coworkers, but only among voicers higher in narcissism. Our results demonstrate that endorsement is a potent tool affecting voicers’ emotions and work behavior, while also highlighting how endorsement reactions may differ in important ways depending on voicers’ dispositions.
Diesel exhaust particles exposure exacerbates pro-thrombogenic plasma features ex-vivo after cerebral ischemia and accelerates tPA-induced clot-lysis in hypertensive subjects
Authors: Arrúe Mercedes , Penalba Anna , Rodriguez-Bodero Ane , Elicegui Amaia , de Homdedeu Miquel , Cruz María-Jesús , Simats Alba , Rodriguez Susana , Buxó Xavier , Garcia-Rodriguez Nicolás , Pizarro Jesús , Turner Michelle C , Delgado Pilar , Rosell Anna
Published: November 2023

The combustion of fossil fuels, mainly by diesel engines, generates Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) which are the main source of Particulate Matter (PM), a major air pollutant in urban areas. These particles are a risk factor for stroke with 5.6% of cases attributed to PM exposure. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of DEP exposure on clot formation and lysis in the context of stroke. An ex-vivo clot formation and lysis turbidimetric assay has been conducted in human and mouse plasma samples from ischemic stroke or control subjects exposed to DEP or control conditions. Experimental DEP exposure was achieved by nasal instillation in mice, or by ex-vivo exposure in human plasma. Results show consistent pro-thrombogenic features in plasma after human ischemic stroke and mouse cerebral ischemia (distal MCAo), boosted by the presence of DEP. Otherwise, thrombolysis times were increased after ischemia in chronically exposed mice but not in the DEP exposed group. Finally, subjects living in areas with high PM levels presented accelerated thrombolysis compared to those living in low polluted areas. Overall, our results point at a disbalance of the thrombogenic/lytic system in presence of DEP which could impact on ischemic stroke onset, clot size and thrombolytic treatment.
COVID-19, subjective resilience, adaptive, and coping capacities in hurricane-prone regions
Authors: Sapat Alka , Mitsova Diana , Esnard Ann-Margaret , Escaleras Monica , Sweeting Karen
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on understanding perceptions of recovery and resilience by employing the theoretical lens of subjective resilience, adaptive, and coping capacities to understand individual cognition of risks and perceptions of recovery from the pandemic for those living in hurricane-prone areas. We explore several factors affecting perceptions of resilience and recovery, such as capacities to adapt and cope, risk perceptions, communication sources, levels of physical and social vulnerabilities, the ability to prepare for hurricanes during the pandemic, perceptions of government policies, social capital, and partisanship. To analyze these factors, we use individual-level data that were collected using a survey population drawn from both random (via telephone landlines) and nonrandom (via the internet) sampling in Florida. We find that expectations of recovery were positively associated with several factors, including risk perceptions with higher levels of concern about the pandemic, higher self-reported levels of stress, lack of preparation for a hurricane making landfall during the pandemic, less social connectedness, and political party affiliation. The results help inform pandemic preparedness and management.
Psychological determinants of consumption of reusable containers for takeaway food and drinks
Authors: Moussaoui Lisa Selma , Cimatti Zoé , Raeis Matthieu
Published: November 2023

Using food and drink disposable containers has heavy environmental and economic consequences. The widespread adoption of reusable containers is a challenge that requires understanding the psychological determinants and barriers of the behaviour. Two studies were conducted: one with a sample from the general public (study 1, N = 302) and one with respondents having access to a reusable container system at work (study 2, N = 737). Online surveys measured self-reported use of single-use and reusable containers for food and drinks takeaway (studies 1 and 2) and for food delivery (study 1). Stages of change and psychological determinants were also measured to provide behavioural levers. Results indicate that in study 1, most of the sample is aware of the issue associated with single-use containers but has not switched to reusable. In study 2, most respondents say they are already using few single-use and are willing to continue, particularly for drinks to go. Thus, accessibility at the workplace to a reusable container system is associated with higher stages of change. However, many respondents are also in the preactional phase for food takeaway, that is, willing to change but have not started yet. In both studies, perception of control on the behaviour and volitional variables are positively associated with stages of change. This suggests that making reusable containers easier to use and helping individuals plan how and when they can do it could encourage behaviour change.
Analysis of friction and wear performance of eco-friendly basalt filler reinforced polylactic acid composite using the Taguchi approach
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Suyambulingam Indran , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart
Published: November 2023

The main goal of this research is to utilize sustainable and eco-friendly basalt materials for the fabrication of bio-based thermoplastic composites. This will help to keep up with ecologically balanced factors. There have been several studies on natural fiber reinforced with different polymer matrices during the past 10 years. As a result, the academics and experts expressed concern about the environmental imbalance. By keeping these points, an attempt was made to fabricate basalt fillers reinforced polylactic acid composites with the maximum weight ratio (30 wt %), and the tribological study is conducted for the fabricated composites. In this study, the Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) approaches have been used to analyze the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) of polylactic acid composite reinforced with constant 30 wt% basalt fillers. The morphology, particle size, and elemental composition of the basalt fillers are examined using scanning electron microscopy, a particle size distribution analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. The tribology tests are conducted with Pin-on-Disk Tribometer following the ASTM G99 standard, following the L18 orthogonal array design, which was developed using the statistical program MINITAB-19. The selected parameters for the analysis are basalt (wt %), load (N), speed (rpm), and distance (m) under dry conditions. For PLA samples, the optimum parameters in response to COF is found to be 0 wt% basalt, 3 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 100 m distance; for the SWR output, the optimum parameters are 30 wt% basalt, 6 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 150 m distance. The consistent observation is that adding basalt fillers has not significantly reduced COF but has contributed more to SWR reduction with PLA composite. The best COF value for PLA samples is obtained with low sliding distance. The typical observation across all COF graphs is that the COF value first seems to be lower due to a smoothened polymer surface, rises throughout an experiment, and then stabilizes with very little variance. Regardless of the processing parameters, the depth of wear steadily increases with increasing load as observed in 2D depth profiles. The neat PLA polymer morphology that gives the illusion of deep grooves and many tracks dispersed over a single worn surface shows how the maximum parameter influence is more obvious on the surface of the sample. Overall, the results suggest that thermoplastic composites are feasible for the manufacturing of paper mill rollers.
The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking Among Aging Men Who Have Sex With Men: No Evidence of Exercise or Volunteering Impact
Authors: Barrett Benjamin W. , Meanley Steven , Brennan-Ing Mark , Haberlen Sabina A. , Ware Deanna , Detels Roger , Friedman M. Reuel , Plankey Michael W.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To determine if the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (alcohol misuse or smoking tobacco) is mediated/moderated by exercise or volunteering among aging (≥40 years) men who have sex with men (MSM), and if this mediation/moderation differs by HIV serostatus.

Methods

Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data were used. Three datasets with PTSD measured during different time periods (10/1/2017-3/31/2018, 898 men; 4/1/2018-9/30/2018, 890 men; 10/1/2018-3/31/2019, 895 men) were analyzed. Longitudinal mediation analyses estimated the mediation effect of exercise and volunteering on the outcomes.

Results

Nine percent of MSM had evidence of PTSD. There was no statistically significant mediation effect of exercise or volunteering regardless of substance use outcome. The odds of smoking at a future visit among MSM with PTSD were approximately double those of MSM without PTSD. Results did not differ by HIV serostatus.

Discussion

There is a particular need for effective smoking cessation interventions for aging MSM with PTSD.
The ethics of ruling: Unearthing an ethical code of a Hellenistic king (embedded in Arrian, Anabasis 1–7) and its affinity to the symposia “On Kingship” in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
Authors: Mendels Doron
Published: November 2023

On the basis of a newly discovered ethical code of a Hellenistic king, the Symposia that deal with kingship in the Letter of Aristeas get a new perspective. It is suggested that the two treatises “On Kingship” originated in the Ptolemaic court in the first quarter of the third century B.C.E.