bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping styles mediate the relation between mindset and academic resilience in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Janssen T. W. P. , van Atteveldt N.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted adolescent mental health on a global scale. However, many students were resilient during this crisis, despite exposure to COVID-related stressors. We aimed to study the protective effects of growth mindset on school-related resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mediating effects of coping styles. The two-year follow-up of an ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial, involving a growth mindset and control intervention, took place during the pandemic. We measured growth mindset, school burnout symptoms, COVID-19-specific stressor exposure, coping styles, and calculated a resilience score (corrected for pre-pandemic school burnout symptoms). Mediation analyses were performed in the total sample (N = 261), and exploratory in the intervention subsamples, to test whether the associations between mindset and resilience were mediated by coping styles. Growth-mindset students were more resilient during the pandemic and used less maladaptive and more adaptive (acceptance) coping styles. Coping mediated the relation between mindset and resilience in the total sample (both coping styles), and growth mindset intervention subsample (maladaptive coping). We found unique evidence for the beneficial effects of growth mindset on school-related resilience during the pandemic, and the mediating effect of coping styles as explanatory mechanism. This work contributes to a growing literature that shows positive effects of growth mindset on mental health.
NADcapPro and circNC: methods for accurate profiling of NAD and non-canonical RNA caps in eukaryotes
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Yang Jun , Favate John , Shah Premal , Kiledjian Megerditch
Published: April 2023

Accurate identification of NAD-capped RNAs is essential for delineating their generation and biological function. Previous transcriptome-wide methods used to classify NAD-capped RNAs in eukaryotes contain inherent limitations that have hindered the accurate identification of NAD caps from eukaryotic RNAs. In this study, we introduce two orthogonal methods to identify NAD-capped RNAs more precisely. The first, NADcapPro, uses copper-free click chemistry and the second is an intramolecular ligation-based RNA circularization, circNC. Together, these methods resolve the limitations of previous methods and allowed us to discover unforeseen features of NAD-capped RNAs in budding yeast. Contrary to previous reports, we find that 1) cellular NAD-RNAs can be full-length and polyadenylated transcripts, 2) transcription start sites for NAD-capped and canonical m7G-capped RNAs can be different, and 3) NAD caps can be added subsequent to transcription initiation. Moreover, we uncovered a dichotomy of NAD-RNAs in translation where they are detected with mitochondrial ribosomes but minimally on cytoplasmic ribosomes indicating their propensity to be translated in mitochondria.
Enriched binocular experience followed by sleep optimally restores binocular visual cortical responses in a mouse model of amblyopia
Authors: Martinez Jessy D. , Donnelly Marcus J. , Popke Donald S. , Torres Daniel , Wilson Lydia G. , Brancaleone William P. , Sheskey Sarah , Lin Cheng-mao , Clawson Brittany C. , Jiang Sha , Aton Sara J.
Published: April 2023

Studies of primary visual cortex have furthered our understanding of amblyopia, long-lasting visual impairment caused by imbalanced input from the two eyes during childhood, which is commonly treated by patching the dominant eye. However, the relative impacts of monocular vs. binocular visual experiences on recovery from amblyopia are unclear. Moreover, while sleep promotes visual cortex plasticity following loss of input from one eye, its role in recovering binocular visual function is unknown. Using monocular deprivation in juvenile male mice to model amblyopia, we compared recovery of cortical neurons’ visual responses after identical-duration, identical-quality binocular or monocular visual experiences. We demonstrate that binocular experience is quantitatively superior in restoring binocular responses in visual cortex neurons. However, this recovery was seen only in freely-sleeping mice; post-experience sleep deprivation prevented functional recovery. Thus, both binocular visual experience and subsequent sleep help to optimally renormalize bV1 responses in a mouse model of amblyopia.
SPICY: a method for single scan rotating frame relaxometry
Authors: Tolkkinen Katja , Mailhiot Sarah E. , Selent Anne , Mankinen Otto , Henschel Henning , Nieminen Miika T. , Hanni Matti , Kantola Anu M. , Liimatainen Timo , Telkki Ville-Veikko
Published: April 2023

The SPICY NMR method enables the determination ofT1ρrelaxation times and 1DT1ρimaging in a single scan to elucidate low frequency molecular motions.
Doublet-emissive materials for organic light-emitting diodes: exciton formation and emission processes
Authors: Gao Shengxiang , Cui Zhiyuan , Li Feng
Published: April 2023

This tutorial review introduces the emission mechanism, recent research, advantages, challenge and future outlook of novel emissive materials with the doublet state and their application in OLEDs.
Comparison of static and dynamic in vitro digestibility and bioaccessibility of palm-based emulsions and correlation to a human study: effects of triacylglycerol crystallinity
Authors: Li Y. L. , Ulbikas J. D. , Hamad S. , Chen R. , Maw J. , Nasr P. , Rogers M. , Wright A. J.
Published: April 2023

Triacylglycerol crystallinity attenuated palm lipid emulsion droplet static & dynamic in vitro lipolysis, consistent with human lipemia results, but did not protect encapsulated β-carotene from oxidation nor improve its bioaccessibility.
A starch based sustainable bio-hybrid composite for surface assimilation of methylene blue: preparation, characterization, and adsorption study
Authors: Nambiar Anargha P. , Pillai Rahul , Sanyal Mallika , Vadikkeettil Yugesh , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: April 2023

A starch based bio-hybrid composite for adsorption of methylene blue.
Palladium single-atom catalysts synthesized by a gas-assisted redispersion strategy for efficient benzaldehyde hydrogenation
Authors: Yang Lini , Li Ling , Qin Shuai , Zhang Jingwang , Wang Yue , Qin Xuetao , Cai Xiangbin , Diao Jiangyong , Liu Hongyang
Published: April 2023

The Pd single-atom catalyst (PdSA/G) prepared by nitric acid vapor-assisted redispersion strategy showed robust catalytic performance in the selective hydrogenation reaction of benzaldehyde, which paves a new way for design of Pd single-atom catalysts.
Morphology-dependent adsorption energetics of Ru nanoparticles on hcp-boron nitride (001) surface – a first-principles study
Authors: Senthamaraikannan Thillai Govindaraja , Yoon Chang Won , Lim Dong-Hee
Published: April 2023

Active B5-sites on Ru catalysts can be exploited for various catalytic applications; the epitaxial formation of Ru NPs with hexagonal planar morphologies on hexagonal boron nitride sheets increases the number of active B5-sites along the nanoparticle edges.
Structural diversity, hypothetical biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and biological activity ofGanodermameroterpenoids
Authors: Peng Xing-Rong , Unsicker Sybille B. , Gershenzon Jonathan , Qiu Ming-Hua
Published: April 2023

This review comprehensively summaries the structure diversity and possible biosynthesis of representativeGanodermameroterpenoids (GMs), as well as the chemical synthesis and pharmacological activities of some significant GMs.
Lumino-structural properties of Dy3+ activated Na3Ba2LaNb10O30 phosphors with enhanced internal quantum yield for w-LEDs
Authors: Poria Kanishk , Lohan Ravina , Bhatia Sanjana , Kumar Amit , Singh Rajwinder , Deopa Nisha , Punia Rajesh , Shahi Jangvir Singh , Rao A. S.
Published: April 2023

A novel white light emitting dysprosium doped Na3Ba2LaNb10O30 phosphor, having a good internal quantum yield were synthesized.
A machine learning methodology to investigate the lattice thermal conductivity of defected PbTe
Authors: Qin Mi , Zhang Xuemei , Zhu Jianbo , Yang Yuming , Ti Zhuoyang , Shen Yaoling , Wang Xianlong , Liu Xiaobing , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: April 2023

Defect engineering, used to scatter phonons, is a widely used methodology to suppress the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric performance.
Basal plane activation of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenidesviaalloying for the hydrogen evolution reaction: first-principles calculations and machine learning prediction
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Zhao Ying , Ou Pengfei , Song Jun
Published: April 2023

Alloying induced basal plane activation of 2D cation-mixed transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was systematically investigated using machine learning in conjunction with DFT calculations.
Increased microwave absorption property of porous Si3N4 ceramics by loading polymer-derived SiCN for a multifunctional design
Authors: Han Daoyang , You Guiqin , Zhang Yi , Tian Huijie , He Jilin , Liang Junfang , Wang Hailong , Wang Chang-An , Zhang Rui , Shao Gang
Published: April 2023

PDC-SiCN with microwave absorption ability is loaded into the porous Si3N4 ceramic for a multifunctional design, and this work lays the groundwork for the development of stealth-transmission-structure-integrated composite materials.
Nanohybrids with switchable multicolour emission for anticounterfeiting
Authors: Duan Yongmin , Fu Siyuan , Wang Zehui , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie
Published: April 2023

The formation process, characteristics, and applications of nanohybrids.
What voltage-sensing phosphatases can reveal about the mechanisms of ion channel regulation by phosphoinositides
Authors: Okamura Yasushi , Yoshioka Daisuke
Published: April 2023

Many membrane proteins including ion channels and ion transporters are regulated by membrane phospholipids such as phosphoinositides in cell membranes and organelles. Voltage-sensing phosphatase, VSP, is a voltage-sensitive phosphoinositide phosphatase which dephosphorylates PI(4,5)P2 into PI(4)P. VSP rapidly reduces the level of PI(4,5)P2 upon membrane depolarization, thus serving as a useful tool to quantitatively study phosphoinositide-regulation of ion channels and ion transporters using a cellular electrophysiology system. In this review, we focus on the application of VSPs to Kv7 family potassium channels, which have been important research targets in biophysics, pharmacology and medicine.
Dual‐loop antennas with an expanded axial ratio bandwidth
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Nishino Koki , Nakano Hisamatsu
Published: April 2023

The authors propose a novel dual‐wire antenna with a balanced feed to increase a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth. The antenna comprises loop elements with quasi two‐sources, and the effects of the element distance on the axial ratio bandwidth are revealed using the method of moments (MoM). It is found that the antenna has a maximum bandwidth of 41% at a distance of 0.15 wavelengths, three times as wide as that of an isolated loop element. Subsequently, the balanced feed is changed to a quasi‐balanced one using L‐figured parallel feedlines. It is found numerically and experimentally that the antenna shows an axial ratio bandwidth of 28%.
Research on the arcing horn with active arc extinguishing function for HVDC grounding electrode line
Authors: Liu Yicen , Yang Chenguang , Guo Yujun , Zhang Xueqin , Lei Xiao , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: April 2023

The grounding electrode line is an important part of the Ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system. It acts as the channel to conduct the unbalanced current and the grounding current.The arcing horn consists of a pair of electrodes installed in parallel at both ends of the insulator string, which provides a discharge channel for the fault current by an air gap to protect the insulators. In this paper, the voltage and current distributions of the arcing horn were studied when the grounding electrode line was struck by lightning. It is found that the current and voltage gradually decrease along the direction from the converter station to the earth electrode. An active arc extinguishing method based on variable resistance for arcing horn was proposed. An electromagnetic transient simulation model of the grounding electrode line is established based on the electrical parameters of a ±800 kV UHVDC transmission system. It is found that the absorbed energy of the arc extinguishing unit needs to be at least 31.2 and 49.6 kJ when the lightning current is 20 and 50kA, respectively. According to the calculation results, the arcing horn with arc extinguishing unit was developed and tested. The test results verifies that the designed arcing horn can meet the requirements of engineering application.
Overall architecture and system design of shuttle unmanned ground vehicle with road verification in intelligent transportation system zone
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Ni Jun , Hu Jibin
Published: April 2023

The shuttle unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is an important element in the future intelligent transportation system (ITS), which will be widely used for public transportation in various scenarios. It has been widely accepted that the shuttle UGV will significantly improve the transportation efficiency and intelligent level of ITS in the near future. This paper presents an overall architecture and system of shuttle UGV for the future ITS. The hardware architecture includes sensor, actuator and computing platform, and is built on an X‐by‐wire chassis. The software architecture includes environment perception, decision making and dynamics control. Reliable and accurate autonomous driving algorithms are applied to the software system, which enable the shuttle UGV to drive intelligently and perform task stably. In addition, to address the large‐scale deployment of shuttle UGVs in the future, this paper also introduces the concept of cloud brain system and discusses the application and prospect of the cloud brain system in ITS. The cloud brain system can store, monitor and mine the big data generated by the shuttle UGVs, which will further improve the operational safety and overall performance of the shuttle UGV group. An open road test in an ITS test zone is conducted to validate the performance of the proposed overall architecture and system for the shuttle UGV.
A monolithic GaN driver with a deadtime generator (DTG) for high‐temperature (HT) GaN DC‐DC buck converters
Authors: Cui Miao , Zhu Yuhao , Cao Pingyu , Li Ang , Bu Qinglei , Mitrovic Ivona Z. , Su Xujun , Zhao Yinchao , Wen Huiqing , Liu Wen , Zhao Cezhou
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a monolithic GaN driver with a deadtime generator (DTG) for half‐bridge DC‐DC buck converters. The proposed GaN integrated circuits (ICs) were fabricated in a 3 µm enhancement‐mode GaN MIS‐HEMTs process. The integrated DTG converter can operate at 250°C with a large gate swing of 10 V, and it exhibits a maximum efficiency of 80% at high temperatures, with VIN= 30 V at 100 kHz. The monolithic GaN DTG driver requires one control signal and generates a deadtime of fewer than 0.13 µs at high temperatures up to 250°C. The proposed DTG converter is compared to an integrated GaN converter without DTG (w/o) under various conditions. At high temperatures, the optimized GaN DTG converter shows better performance than the GaN converter w/o at high load currents, in terms of smaller voltage overshoots and better efficiency as well. This work demonstrates a simple GaN deadtime method for high temperature (HT) GaN power converters.
Creation of machine and tractor enterprises with application of logistics principles in village councils of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Bolotov Erkinbai , Zhusupbekov Bakytbek , Tezekbaev Tilek , Temirbekov Zheenbek , Omorov Beishengasy , Ismanov Urmat
Published: April 2023

This paper deals with the issues of creating machine and tractor enterprises (MTE) using the logistics principles in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic. The main restraining factors for creation and construction of the MTE have been identified. The regional peculiarity of this problem is analyzed and solutions with detailed calculations and scientific research were proposed. On the basis of many years of scientific research the problem tree of absence and creation of MTE in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic was compiled. The results of the study, specific recommendations on creation of MTE with the application of logistics principles in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic are arranged and given in the design matrix of this project. The criteria for success in the successful implementation of this project have been determined.
Dairy goat breeding in Russia and the world (review)
Authors: Miroshina Tatyana , Chalova Natalya
Published: April 2023

The situation of the development of dairy goat breeding in the world and in Russia is considered. Interest in goat milk as an object of functional nutrition is noted. The history of dairy goat breeding in Russia is described. It is shown that this country does not have a single domestic breed of dairy or meat goats. It is emphasized that the majority of dairy goats in the Russian Federation are local outbreed goats, but many territories are interested in purebred breeding and have favorable conditions for the development of goat breeding. The research materials were the results of a generalization of the experience of foreign and domestic goat breeders. Alpine, Nubian and Czech goat breeds have been identified as promising. These breeds are still rare for the country and characterized by high productivity. It is important to carry out selective work and have state support for the development of the industry. Despite the good prospects for the development of industrial dairy goat breeding, the basis will be farms and personal households in the near future. It is advisable to create associations of goat breeders at regional levels, as well as at the all-Russian level with international relations, for training farm specialists and all interested goat breeders in techniques for breeding work, technology for keeping and feeding animals, which will help to increase their professional level and develop the industry in general.
Methodological approaches to assessing the cooperative potential of rural areas
Authors: Sushentsova Svetlana , Bykovskaya Natalia , Litvina Nina , Poddubnaya Zinaida , Zasiadko Svetlana , Bober Victoria
Published: April 2023

The article considers cooperation as a process of bringing together agricultural producers in order to solve certain business problems more effectively. Considering the present development stage of agricultural production, cooperation has no due interest on the part of either producers or the state. In this regard, the article aims at developing proposals for the methodological assessment of the cooperative potential of rural areas. During the study, using various generally recognized methods of generalizing existing scientific developments, expert assessments, analytical and others, an algorithm for assessing the ability and possibility of forming and improving the efficiency of an agricultural cooperative community in rural areas is proposed. The introduction of the proposed methodological approaches will provide the authorities and administration with an argumentation for solving the problems of developing and reforming agricultural cooperatives, ensuring employment and a decent standard of living for the rural population. Together, this will make it possible to address economic, social and environmental problems of rural areas in a more sustainable manner.
Universal eco-friendly biodegradable packaging for storage and transportation of food and industrial goods based on shives of bast plants
Authors: Badretdinova Irina , Kasatkina Nadezhda , Khrameshin Alexey , Spiridonov Anatoly , Litvinyuk Anastasia
Published: April 2023

Integrated processing of plant raw materials refers to the primary areas of use of natural resources and their rotection. During the primary processing of bast plants, a large amount of waste remains – a shives. Part of the shives is burned, the rest goes into the dump. Due to its chemical composition, high content of cellulose shives can be used in the production of eco-friendly packaging. Packaging can be obtained with the complete or partial replacement of waste paper in its composition. Thanks to this, the issue of the shortage of waste paper at the enterprises of recycling of secondary raw materials will also be resolved. The purpose of the work is the production of eco-friendly biodegradable packaging from flax shives in industrial conditions. The paper presents the results of samples of lumpy egg packaging obtained by vacuum casting with the use of flax production waste. In industrial conditions, it was possible to replace part of the waste paper on the fire. For more efficient use, the shives was pre-ground to the consistency of wood flour M-560. The following indicators were determined: humidity, strength, moisture absorption capacity, antibacterial properties. The obtained results showed the optimal ratio of the mixture components, processing modes. According to all indicators, the packaging with a bone is not inferior, and in the case of tensile strength and antibacterial properties exceeds the normalized values.
General characteristics of papillary pattern of dog’s nasal speculum
Authors: Spotkai Svetlana , Arbaev Kuban , Azhybekov Baktybek , Amirakulov Marasulbek , Myrzakanov Nurbek , Tokoev Kamil , Karabaeva Rasida , Ishenbaeva Svetlana , Lykhina Lyudmila , Matiev Anvar
Published: April 2023

The establishment of the possibility of using pattern of dog’s nasal speculum for individual biometric identification has prompted further research in this area. This research was aimed at studying and searching general characteristics of papillary pattern details of dog’s nasal speculum in order to use it in practice of forensic veterinary identification of individuals of this species. In the furtherance of this goal, we examined nose prints of 266 dogs of different species, ages and housing conditions. In the course of the research, we took into account, recorded and classified characteristics that are observed in all species of the canis familiaris family. Thus, it was found that nose prints contain information on the severity of nose’s symmetry line, its form, the presence of symmetry line branches of the nose and fine lines, as well as density of the print by papillary pattern and shape of the print. Experimentally, it has been established that the nose symmetry line can be well and weakly expressed; 8 types of lines of symmetry of the nose were determined: straight, fusiform, wedge-shaped, straight round-ended, round-ended wedge, V-type form, disrupted and complex; the impression may be present or absent branches of the nose symmetry line; the impression may be unspotted, weakly spotted or heavily spotted with fine lines; 2 basic impressions were found and it was revealed that impressions may have different density of papillary pattern.
Recycling waste as raw material for powder coatings
Authors: Vasileva Elena , Ivanov Afanasiy
Published: April 2023

According to global market analysis, annual production of polymer composites is expected to increase by an average of 6%, reaching a volume of 13-14 million tonnes by 2024, primarily in the building industry and mechanical engineering sectors. Recycling of polymer composites can be achieved through secondary use or recycling of solid waste. In Russia, about 160 out of 343 polymer producers are engaged in polymer recycling, with a focus on thermoplastics. However, recycling of thermoplastics is a complex process due to the strong polymer matrix structure, varying fillers, and resistance to thermal and chemical degradation. Mechanical grinding of waste polymer composites in powder form is a promising way to obtain a secondary product for decorative and protective coatings. Powder coating is a mixture of polymer powders with target and staining pigments, which sprayed onto the surface of a product and then polymerized at 150-220 °С. This paper compares a commercial polymer powder coating with a powder coating derived from recycled glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) on an epoxy binder. The study shows that the polymer powder coating composition obtained from recycled GRP is comparable to commercial powder coatings in terms of uniformity of distribution over the coated surface.
Ultrasound of the lung
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Görg Christian , Horn Rudolf , Prosch Helmut , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Jenssen Christian
Published: April 2023

The CME review is intended to explain and discuss the clinical value of lung ultrasound but also to enable a pragmatically oriented approach by analyzing the clinical aspect. This includes knowledge of the pre-test probability, the acuteness of the disease, the current clinical situation, detection and/or characterization, initial diagnosis or follow up assessment and the peculiarities of exclusion diagnosis. Diseases of the pleura and lungs are described using these criteria with their direct and indirect sonographic signs and the specific clinical significance of ultrasound findings. The importance and criteria of conventional B-mode, color Doppler ultrasound with or without spectral analysis of the Doppler signal and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are discussed as well.
Einfluss des vegetativen Nervensystems auf die Hand
Authors: Schiemenz Anna
Published: April 2023

Ist die Behandlung von Handerkrankungen langwierig, liegen häufig
multifaktorielle Einflüsse vor, die ihren Ursprung unter anderem im
vegetativen Nervensystem haben können. Erfahren Sie, wie vegetative
Dysregulationen mit verschiedenen Symptomen und Erkrankungen der Hand
zusammenhängen und diese beeinflussen können.
Ultraschallgestützte Hämodialyseshuntpunktion im nephrologischen Pflegealltag
Authors: Wichhardt Sandra
Published: April 2023

Shunts sind chirurgisch angelegte arteriovenöse Kurzschlussverbindungen, die bei Patient*innen mit einer terminalen Niereninsuffizienz zur Durchführung der Dialyse dienen. Im nephrologischen Pflegealltag ist die sogenannte Blindpunktion (Areal-, Strickleiter- oder Knopflochpunktion) des Shunts die gängigste Methode. Eine weitere Methode ist die ultraschallgestützte Punktion, wobei unter der Nutzung einer Ultraschallsonde der Shunt punktiert wird. In diesem Beitrag, der auf einer Facharbeit basiert, werden Techniken, Fallstricke, Vorteile und Nachteile einer ultraschallgestützten Shuntpunktion aus der Perspektive sowohl der Patient*innen als auch des Pflegepersonals dargestellt. Es erfolgt eine vergleichende Betrachtung der ultraschallgestützten Hämodialyseshuntpunktion mit Verfahren, die nicht bildgebungsassistiert sind. Die ultraschallgestützte Dialyseshuntpunktion ist ein geeignetes Instrument im Dialysealltag. Denn in der Facharbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Zahl von Fehlpunktionen deutlich reduziert werden kann und sich somit die Patientensicherheit erhöhen lässt.
Bettenmanagement: Wie betriebsorganisatorische Konzepte die Bettenlogistik beeinflussen
Authors: Raida Andrea , Moll Beate
Published: April 2023

Ein nicht unwesentlicher Bereich der Krankenhauslogistik ist das Bettenmanagement bzw. die Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung der Patientenbetten. Aufgrund der direkten Kontaktfläche zum Patienten stellt sie eine notwendige Infektionsprävention dar. Neue Konzeptansätze wie die Entlasslounge oder die Same-Day-Surgery, stellen die Krankenhauslogistik vor neue Herausforderungen.
Reinigungsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen: Auftragssteuerung und Qualitätssicherung mit digitalen Tools
Authors: Tegeler Sven
Published: April 2023

Die Auftragssteuerung und das Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen sind ein ständiger Prozess, der eine systematische und kontinuierliche Bewertung erfordert. Um sämtliche Prozesse rund um die Reinigung zu optimieren, setzen Reinigungsunternehmen inzwischen vermehrt auf digitale Anwendungen.
Crack healing behavior of 4H-SiC: Effect of dopants
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuang , Wang Yazhe , Zhang Xi , Lu Yunhao , Wang Rong , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: April 2023

We investigate the crack-healing mechanism of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) and reveal the effect of dopants on the crack-healing behavior of 4H-SiC. Vickers indentation tests and thermal annealing are utilized to generate cracks and heal cracks in 4H-SiC, respectively. High-temperature thermal annealing in the air atmosphere is found to be capable of effectively healing indentation-induced cracks and releasing indentation-induced stress in undoped 4H-SiC by the formation and viscous flow of glass phase SiO2. Nitrogen (N) doping is found to assist the atomic diffusion of 4H-SiC. The crack healing of N-doped 4H-SiC is realized by the synergy of host solid diffusion and the padding of glassy SiO2. In contrast, vanadium (V) doping hinders the viscous flow of SiO2 and results in the incomplete healing of cracks in V-doped 4H-SiC. Although the generation of cracks lowers the bending strength of 4H-SiC, the healing of cracks by the padding of glassy SiO2 is found to effectively recover the bending strength of indented 4H-SiC samples. Our work opens a pathway to design thermal processing technologies to heal the cracks and enhance the mechanical properties of 4H-SiC wafers.
Low-frequency noise characteristics of indium–gallium–zinc oxide ferroelectric thin-film transistors with metal–ferroelectric–metal–insulator–semiconductor structure
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Park Eun Chan , Koo Ryun-Han , Kwon Dongseok , Kwon Daewoong , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: April 2023

We investigate the low-frequency noise characteristics of indium–gallium–zinc oxide ferroelectric thin-film transistors (FeTFTs) with a metal–ferroelectric–metal–insulator–semiconductor (MFMIS) structure. MFMIS FeTFTs are fabricated with different metal-to-FE area ratios (AM/AF's). It is revealed that the noise generation mechanism differs depending on the operation region [low and high drain current (ID) regions] and AM/AF. Excess noise in the low ID region is observed in the MFMIS FeTFTs with AM/AF's of 4 and 6 due to carrier mobility fluctuations. In the high ID region, the carrier number fluctuation generates the 1/f noise of the devices regardless of the AM/AF.
Scattering of coherent acoustic phonons by silica nanoparticles reveals the 3D-morphology of cells in solution down to nanometer thicknesses
Authors: Ponge Marie-Fraise , Bruno François , Le Ridant Louise , Liu Liwang , Rémy Murielle , Shi Dongsheng , Durrieu Marie-Christine , Audoin Bertrand
Published: April 2023

In this work, we show that the use of silica nanoparticles improves the imaging and 3D-morphological measurement down to nanometer thicknesses of fixed cells in solution with picosecond ultrasonics (PU). Synchronized ultrafast fs-laser pulses are used to generate coherent acoustic phonons (CAPs) that evoke the Brillouin light scattering and enable the recording of the time-resolved Brillouin oscillations along with the propagation of the acoustic nanopulses through a thin transparent cell in solution. Silica nanoparticles, whose size matches the phonon wavelength at the frequency of the Brillouin scattering in the solution, are used to strongly scatter the CAPs in the solution. Suppressing the Brillouin signature of the surrounding liquid, this protocol improves significantly the PU imaging and makes it possible to measure the mechanical properties of a transparent cell, including the thin peripheral region where the thickness is less than the Brillouin wavelength, equal to half the probe light wavelength in the cell, and where crucial interaction of the cell with its surroundings occurs. We present experimental evidence of the considerable improvement in the cartography of the entire cell using nanoparticles. The intricate frequency dependence of Brillouin scattering and of resonances for a very thin cell is analyzed using a semi-analytical model leading to the challenging measurement of the 3D-morphology of the immersed cell at thicknesses down to 1 / 9 of the optical wavelength.
Oxide-confined GaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser: Measurement and modeling of the strain field
Authors: Coppeta R. A. , Fabbro R. , Pusterhofer M. , Haber T. , Fasching G. , Cooper D.
Published: April 2023

The strain field of the emitters of one unstressed and two electrically stressed oxide-confined GaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers has been analyzed. The components of the strain tensor in the optical aperture, in the quantum wells, and at the oxide edge of the lamellas have been measured by nano-beam precession electron diffraction and geometrical phase analysis. The measurements have been used to validate the simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) of the mechanical behavior of the emitters. The FEM model is used to quantify the strain caused by the lattice mismatch of the GaAs-based epitaxial layers and the volume variation of the Al 98Ga 2As layer due to selective oxidation. The first is calculated as a function of the misfit strain and corresponds very well to the measured values. The latter is calibrated assuming that the thickness of the oxide is expanded by 4 % in both the unstressed sample and the stressed sample with dislocations. Instead, it is contracted by 8 % for the sample where the stress test has caused further oxidation.
High-pressure and temperature neural network reactive force field for energetic materials
Authors: Hamilton Brenden W. , Yoo Pilsun , Sakano Michael N. , Islam Md Mahbubul , Strachan Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Reactive force fields for molecular dynamics have enabled a wide range of studies in numerous material classes. These force fields are computationally inexpensive compared with electronic structure calculations and allow for simulations of millions of atoms. However, the accuracy of traditional force fields is limited by their functional forms, preventing continual refinement and improvement. Therefore, we develop a neural network-based reactive interatomic potential for the prediction of the mechanical, thermal, and chemical responses of energetic materials at extreme conditions. The training set is expanded in an automatic iterative approach and consists of various CHNO materials and their reactions under ambient and shock-loading conditions. This new potential shows improved accuracy over the current state-of-the-art force fields for a wide range of properties such as detonation performance, decomposition product formation, and vibrational spectra under ambient and shock-loading conditions.
Effects of GaN channel downscaling in AlGaN–GaN high electron mobility transistor structures grown on AlN bulk substrate
Authors: Elwaradi Reda , Mehta Jash , Ngo Thi Huong , Nemoz Maud , Bougerol Catherine , Medjdoub Farid , Cordier Yvon
Published: April 2023

In this work, two series of AlGaN/GaN/AlN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructures have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on AlN bulk substrates. The effects of reduction in the GaN channel thickness as well as the AlGaN barrier thickness and composition on structural and electrical properties of the heterostructures have been studied. The material analysis involved high-resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. In a first series of HEMT structures grown with an aluminum content of 30% in the AlGaN barrier, the channel downscaling results in a reduction in the GaN strain relaxation rate but at the expense of degradation in the mean crystal quality and in the electron mobility with a noticeable increase in the sheet resistance. An opposite trend is noticed for the three-terminal breakdown voltage of transistors, so that a trade-off is obtained for a 50 nm width GaN channel HEMT, which exhibits a sheet resistance of 1700 Ω/sq. with transistors demonstrating three-terminal breakdown voltage up to 1400 V for 40 μm gate to drain spacing with static on resistance Ron = 32 mΩ cm2. On the other hand, a second series of HEMT structures with high aluminum content AlGaN barriers and sub-10 nm GaN channels have been grown perfectly strained with high sheet carrier densities allowing to preserve sheet resistances in the range of 880–1050 Ω/sq.
Reaction-norm analysis of neonatal lamb mortality suggests heritability varies with cold-stress: an example in the Elsenburg Merino selection lines
Authors: Nel C. L. , Steyn Y. , Gilmour A. R. , Waters D. , Clark S. A. , van der Werf J. H. J. , Swan A. A. , Dzama K. , Cloete S. W. P.
Published: April 2023

Context Coping with high levels of cold stress should be beneficial to survival of lambs, given the high mortality rate associated with severe winter storms. The Elsenburg Merino selection experiment involved divergent selection for reproduction. Phenotypic results comparing the positively selected H-Lines and negatively selected L-Lines suggested that cold-stress adaption could have contributed to the favourable genetic trends for survival of H-Line lambs. However, observing the genetic merit of better adapted animals depends on the presence of cold stress at the time of recording. A genotype by environment component (G × E) could, thus, be important when assessing survival/mortality phenotypes. Aim This study proposed the genetic analysis of this possible G × E component and compared the H- and L-Lines in this regard. Methods The sire model allowed the use of progeny phenotypes for neonatal mortality recorded during different levels of cold stress, and the possible G × E could be investigated through the reaction-norm approach. Genetic parameters were evaluated as random regression components by implementing a Gibbs sampling approach. A data set of 5723 individual lamb records was analysed as the progeny of 213 sires. Results A modelled G × E component played an important role in mortality outcomes, with the mean estimate (and 95% confidence interval) for the slope ( σ s b 2 = 0.113 [ 0.0019 – 0.28 ] AN22464_IE1.gif) only marginally smaller than the corresponding estimate for the intercept ( σ s a 2 = 0.124 [ 0.003 – 0.26 ] AN22464_IE2.gif). The reaction-norm model showed a higher heritability (h2 ± posterior standard deviation) for mortality at 3 days of age during high cold-stress (0.22 ± 0.16 at ~1100 KJm−2h−1) than during mild (0.13 ± 0.10 at ~960 KJm−2h−1) conditions, suggesting a greater ability to discriminate between sires at increasing stress levels. Conclusions Failure to account for this G × E component putatively contributes to the low h2 commonly reported for survival traits. The higher h2 at increased levels of cold stress could have played an important part in the higher survival of the H-Line progeny, who were better at coping with cold, wet and windy conditions. Implications Larger studies representing a wider environmental trajectory are recommended. This should be very feasible since cold stress can be derived from commonly available weather-station data.
The role of regular engagement with non-companion animals and proximity to green and blue space for mental health, wellbeing, and loneliness during Covid-19 social-distancing measures: findings from a UK survey study
Authors: Shoesmith Emily , Ratschen Elena
Published: April 2023

Context The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased use of green/blue space as indoor spaces became frequently inaccessible. These changes affected the direct interactions between humans and nature. Aims To investigate the links between mental health, loneliness, wellbeing, and interaction with non-companion animals, proximity to and use of green/blue space. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of adult UK residents was conducted between April and June 2020. The questionnaire included validated and bespoke items measuring demographics and exposures and outcomes related to mental health, wellbeing, loneliness, human–animal interactions with non-companion animals (wildlife/farm animals), and proximity to and use of green/blue space before and since the first UK Covid-19 lockdown. Key results Of 5926 participants, 4408 (74.4%) reported interacting with non-companion animals at least every other day. Frequent engagement with non-companion animals was significantly associated with smaller decreases in mental health scores (b = 0.131, 95% CI [0.007–0.256], P = 0.038) and smaller increases in loneliness scores (b = −0.135, 95% CI [−0.241–0.030], P = 0.012). Just under half (48.4%, n = 2867) reported living directly next to a green/blue space, and over half (52.3%; n = 3097) reported using such space at least every day since lockdown. Regular use of green/blue space since lockdown was significantly associated with higher mental health (b = 0.154, 95% CI [0.037–0.272], P = 0.010), lower loneliness (b = −0.334, 95% CI [−0.430 – −0.238], P = 0.001), and higher wellbeing (b = 0.810, 95% CI [0.572–1.047], P = 0.001). Closer proximity to such space was significantly associated with lower loneliness scores (b = −0.224, 95% CI [−0.319 – −0.130], P = 0.001), and higher wellbeing scores (b = 0.632, 95% CI [0.391–0.873], P = 0.001). Conclusion The multi-faceted human–nature relationship may promote key human health benefits in the context of the lockdown. Implications These findings have highlighted the importance of green/blue space and the human–animal relationship, and how they might play a critical role in maintaining people’s mental health within a pandemic context. Further targeted investigations relating to these areas and links with human health are important within both pandemic and non-pandemic contexts.
Mapping approach of ecosystem services for land-use decision planning in Africa
Authors: Alexis Akakpo Bokon , Akabassi Ghislain C. , Padonou Elie A.
Published: April 2023

Assessment of ecosystem services (ES) is vital for environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. A number of approaches are used to map the ES of a range of the types of ecosystems in various scope scales around the world. With a view of facilitating the scientific background to address the relevant methods of ES assessment, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of the studies carried out in Africa and make an idea on the recent approaches used for ES mapping. In total, 503 abstracts were reviewed to identify the relevant publications from which 48 publications were used for the review. Model-based mapping, Proxy indicators-based mapping, Remote sensing (RS) and GIS-based mapping and Expert-based mapping approaches have been found to be applied to map ES in Africa. The approach of RS and GIS basis technics was generally predominated (56.25%) where studies on wetlands and mangrove ecosystems (44.44%) and at the local scale (70.37%) were mostly documented. The domain of ES dynamics (52.94%), ES supply (41.18%) and environmental change (34.29%) were largely addressed. Excluding articles because of 10-year publications could reduce some information related to the purpose of the review. However, the evidence provided in this document represents a significant step forward in ES mapping and conservation efforts to improve the sustainability of ES in Africa.
Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock,Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock,Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque. Oomycetes: Pythiales: Pythiaceae. Hosts: Numerous.
Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus. Tymoviridae: Marafivirus. Host: grapevine (
Vitis spp.
).
Pectobacterium parmentieri Khayi et al
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Pectobacterium parmentieri Khayi et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacterales: Pectobacteriaceae Host: potato (
Solanum tuberosum
).
Quambalaria pitereka (J.Walker & Bertus) J.A. Simpson
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Quambalaria pitereka (J.Walker & Bertus) J.A. Simpson. Ustilaginomycotina: Microstromatales: Quambalariaceae. Hosts: Spotted gum (
Corymbia spp.
);
Eucalyptus spp.
.
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Reovirales: Spinareoviridae: Fijivirus. Host: rice (
Oryza sativa
), maize (
Zea mays
).
Xylella taiwanensis Su, Deng, Jan et al.
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Xylella taiwanensis Su, Deng, Jan et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Lysobacterales: Lysobacteraceae. Host: Asian pear (
Pyrus pyrifolia
).
Synthesis and evaluation of magnetite nanoparticles coated with (acrylamide-vinylpyrrolidone) polymers on the thermostability for application in harsh offshore reservoirs
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Lieu , Hoang Anh-Quan , Pham Duy-Khanh , Truong Hai Bang , Nguyen Phuong-Tung
Published: April 2023

To avoid the instability and degradation of downhole injection fluids, such as polymers and surfactants, for use in high-temperature (HT) offshore reservoirs, nanofluids with particles modified in different ways have been proposed as a capable thermoresistant, highly active solutions which can be used in many offshore oil and gas exploitation works, especially in enhancing oil recovery. This study presented the process of synthesising two nanocomposite materials for nanofluid preparation. First, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs(A and B)) were prepared by standard coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. Then, polymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles (PCM(A) and PCM(B)) were synthesised by directly covering magnetite with oleic acid (OA) to get OA-MNPs, and then simultaneously enveloped with copolymers of acrylamide and the N-vinyl pyrrolidone via polymerisation reaction. The obtained PCMs characteristics were analysed by all required analytical tools. In addition, the thermostability of PCM-based nanofluids as downhole injection agents for HT offshore reservoir applications was investigated by bottle test annealing PCM(A)- and PCM(B)- based nanofluids at the White Tiger (WT) Miocene and Oligocene reservoir temperatures. Based on the obtained data, MNPs have an average particle size of 12 nm and 10 nm for MNPs A and B. A dominant phase of magnetite (Fe3O4) and 10.5% and 11% of the mass of PCM belong to their copolymer coating. The good thermostability of nanofluids annealed for 31 days (at 120 °C for PCM(A)- and 134 °C for PCM(B)-based nanofluids) showed a promised orientation for use as an EOR agent in HT offshore reservoirs recommendation.
PID and LQG controllers for diabetes system with internal delay: a comparison study
Authors: Syafiie S , AlHarbi Fahd , Alshehri Abdullah Ali , Hasanain Bassam
Published: April 2023

Closed-loop treatment for insulin dependent type 1 diabetes patients is a recent medical practice in insulin delivery (bionic pancreas) which aims to achieve tight control of glucose level in plasma and ensure minimizing risk of hypoglicemia. Among those most popular closed-loop controller strategies, proportional integral derivative (PID) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers are designed and compared for insulin delivery in diabetic patients. The controllers are designed based on individual and nominal model which is to study the ability of each controller in order to maintain blood glucose concentration for similar patient’s dynamic. The comparison is conducted numerically not only for for patients suffering type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and double diabetes mellitus (DDM) in the present of internal delay systems, which causes instability. The responses show that the proposed PID controller is better at maintaining the blood glucose level in the normal range for a longer delay of delay in hepatic glucose production. The patient with longer performing physical exercise has lower oscillation peaks in blood glucose concentration.