bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continental weathering and recovery from ocean nutrient stress during the Early Triassic Biotic Crisis
Authors: Knies Jochen , Schönenberger Jasmin , Zwingmann Horst , van der Lelij Roelant , Smelror Morten , Vullum Per Erik , Brönner Marco , Vogt Christoph , Fredin Ola , Müller Axel , Grasby Stephen E. , Beauchamp Benoit , Viola Giulio
Published: July 2022

Following the latest Permian extinction ∼252 million years ago, normal marine and terrestrial ecosystems did not recover for another 5-9 million years. The driver(s) for the Early Triassic biotic crisis, marked by high atmospheric CO2 concentration, extreme ocean warming, and marine anoxia, remains unclear. Here we constrain the timing of authigenic K-bearing mineral formation extracted from supergene weathering profiles of NW-Pangea by Argon geochronology, to demonstrate that an accelerated hydrological cycle causing intense chemical alteration of the continents occurred between ∼254 and 248 Ma, and continued throughout the Triassic period. We show that enhanced ocean nutrient supply from this intense continental weathering did not trigger increased ocean productivity during the Early Triassic biotic crisis, due to strong thermal ocean stratification off NW Pangea. Nitrogen isotope constraints suggest, instead, that full recovery from ocean nutrient stress, despite some brief amelioration ∼1.5 million years after the latest Permian extinction, did not commence until climate cooling revitalized the global upwelling systems and ocean mixing ∼10 million years after the mass extinction.
An experimental and modeling study on the catalytic effects of select metals on the fast pyrolysis of hardwood and softwood lignin
Authors: Rollag Sean A. , Jeong Keunhong , Peterson Chad A. , Kim Kwang Ho , Brown Robert C.
Published: July 2022

Thermocatalytic decomposition of lignin from computational and experimental perspectives.
A recyclable thermoset with built-in thermocleavable group developed from a cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Wang Zhihan , Amjaour Houssein , Robertson Joseph E. M. , Azizov Djavdat , Ugrinov Angel , Chu Qianli R.
Published: July 2022

A novel class of recyclable thermoset has been developed from cis-3,4-diphenylcyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CBDA-4) due to its thermocleavability at high temperature.
Improved relative temperature sensitivity of over 10% K−1 in fluoride nanocrystals via engineering the interfacial layer
Authors: Liu Enyang , Lei Lei , Ye Renguang , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing
Published: July 2022

Through engineering the interfacial layer in cubic SrYF5:YbEr@CaF2@SrYbF5:Nd core/shell/shell NCs, the maximum Sr of 10.01% K−1 and minimum Sr of 2.56% K−1 under 980 nm laser excitation are achieved.
Acid-promoted intra- and intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of indoles to aryl alkynes to access cyclobutene-fused indolines
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Sen-Lin , Fan Jin-Bao , Zeng Guang-Yao , Zhou Ying-Jun , Deng Xu
Published: July 2022

An efficient and selective [2+2] cycloaddition of readily available indoles and aryl alkynes was reported to enable diverse cyclobutene-fused indolines with cheap catalysts and simple operations.
Palladium-catalyzed C–H trifluoromethylselenolation of arenes with [Me4N][SeCF3] and an oxidant
Authors: Liu Lei , Gu Yu-Cheng , Zhang Cheng-Pan
Published: July 2022

The first directing-group-assisted C(sp2)–H trifluoromethylselenolation of arenes with the nucleophilic [Me4N][SeCF3] reagent in the presence of a Pd-catalyst and oxidant is described.
A europium(iii)-based nanooptode for bicarbonate sensing – a multicomponent approach to sensor materials
Authors: Wang Lu , Nawrocki Patrick , Nielsen Lea G. , Grenier Laura , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: July 2022

Using amphiphilic europium(iii) complexes, antenna chromophore, and bulky cations as components, nanooptodes with a luminescent response to bicarbonate were assembled on a polystyrene nanoparticle platform.
Selectivity and efficiency in the ligation of the pyrene:abasic base pair by T4 and PBCV-1 DNA ligases
Authors: Park Hansol , Gibbs Julianne M.
Published: July 2022

Remarkable selectivity was observed in the ligation of 5′-phosphate 1-pyrene strands across from an abasic lesion in a DNA-templated reaction by two different ligases suggesting that pyrene-terminated strands could be used in abasic site detection.
Directional migration propensity of calf thymus DNA in a gradient of metal ions
Authors: Shikha  , Shandilya Ekta , Priyanka  , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: July 2022

The migration propensity and spatially modulated surface deposition of calf thymus DNA have been reported in response to gradients of different monovalent and divalent ions.
A micron-sized Co-MOF sheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Wang Fu-Xue , Zhang Zi-Chen , Yi Xiao-Hong , Wang Chong-Chen , Wang Peng , Wang Chao-Yang , Yu Baoyi
Published: July 2022

A Co-MOF with a 2D morphology (BUC-92) was prepared, which exhibited outstanding rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation.
Glassy dynamics in polyalcohols: intermolecular simplicity vs. intramolecular complexity
Authors: Böhmer Till , Gabriel Jan Philipp , Zeißler Rolf , Richter Timo , Blochowicz Thomas
Published: July 2022

We show that intramolecular dynamics can induce significant broadening of the spectral shape of the α-process in polyalcohols (PAs). The effect is only observed in long-chained PAs, like sorbitol, and is absent in short-chained PAs, like glycerol.
Mechanistic insights into the CO2 capture and reduction on K-promoted Cu/Al2O3 by spatiotemporal operando methodologies
Authors: Pinto Donato , van der Bom Estadella Victor , Urakawa Atsushi
Published: July 2022

Integrated CO2 capture and conversion processes bring the promise of drastic abatement of CO2 emission together with its valorisation to chemical building blocks such as CH4 and CO.
Water decontamination under high salinity using the TiO2 NT/PbO2–Cu electrochemical oxidation system: kinetics mechanism and DFT studies
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Jingquan , Du Erdeng , Ai Yijie , Liu Jingjing , Guo Hongguang
Published: July 2022

In this study, a facile and cost-effective PbO2 layer coated TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) electrode was fabricated to serve as an anode to degrade a model contaminant under the condition of high sulfate concentration.
Comparative effects of different enzymatic hydrolysates of konjac glucomannan on gut flora and constipation in rats
Authors: Chang Xiao-yan , Liu Yuan-yuan , Hu Meng-meng , Liu You-qian , Jiang Cui-hua , Wang Qi , Jin Qiao-mei , Zhang Dong-jian , Yin Zhi-qi , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2022

GKOS and MKOS manifest disparate regulatory impacts on the gut microbiota and an equal therapeutic effect on constipation in vivo.
The different effects of psyllium husk and orlistat on weight control, the amelioration of hypercholesterolemia and non-alcohol fatty liver disease in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Deng Zhitong , Meng Cong , Huang Haodong , Song Siyu , Fu Linchun , Fu Zhuotao
Published: July 2022

Mechanism through which psyllium husk and orlistat lower cholesterol and LPS.
Interactive and synergistic behaviours of multiple heterogeneous microrobots
Authors: Zhu Shilu , Zheng Weijie , Wang Jian , Fang Xingmiao , Zhang Lijiu , Niu Fuzhou , Wang Ying , Luo Tingting , Liu Guangli , Yang Runhuai
Published: July 2022

A robotic system whose interactive and synergistic behaviour can be successfully controlled by exploiting frequency-responsive programmable individual microrobots.
Transcriptomic landscape of sodium butyrate-induced growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer organoids
Authors: Li Fengjiao , Wu Yun , Yan Yujie , Wu Saizhi , Zhu Jingyu , Zhang Gaihua , Zhang Peng , Yuan Lianwen , Zeng Yong , Liu Zhonghua
Published: July 2022

Organoid, a novel model, is used to explore the deeper mechanism of sodium butyrate (NaB) in CRC by RNA-seq analysis.
Large and anisotropic carrier mobility in monolayers of the MA2Z4 series (M = Cr, Mo, W; A = Si, Ge; and Z = N, P)
Authors: Priydarshi Achintya , Chauhan Yogesh Singh , Bhowmick Somnath , Agarwal Amit
Published: July 2022

The recent discovery of synthetic two-dimensional materials has opened up a new paradigm for exploring novel transport and optical properties, beyond those found in naturally occurring materials.
Facilitating charge transfer through an atomic coherent interface of a novel direct Z-scheme BiVO4@Cu3SnS4 heterojunction to boost photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Fangting , Chen Chengcheng , Zhang Qiaoyu , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Xiaoming
Published: July 2022

Cu3SnS4 was deposited on the surface of each BiVO4 crystal to acquire a core–shell direct Z-scheme heterojunction with an atomic coherent interface, which interface facilitated the charge transfer and thus led to much enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Multiple [n]helicenes with various aromatic cores
Authors: Wu Yin-Fu , Zhang Ling , Zhang Qianyan , Xie Su-Yuan , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: July 2022

Usually, multiple [n]helicene molecules have a characteristic aromatic core, such as benzene, naphthalene, pyrene, perylene, hexabenzocoronene, corannulene, or azacorannulene.
Effects of cyclic and acyclic amidine side-chains on the properties of polysiloxane ionomers constructed in situ from three uncharged components
Authors: Poon Louis , Hum Jacob R. , Weiss Richard G.
Published: July 2022

Small structural changes to side chain groups have large consequences to the structures and dynamics of corresponding polysiloxane-based ionomers.
Model for active particles confined in a two-state micropattern
Authors: Safara Francisco M. R. , Melo Hygor P. M. , Telo da Gama Margarida M. , Araújo Nuno A. M.
Published: July 2022

A model is proposed for the dynamics of cells confined in a pattern composed of two boxes connected by a bridge. The transition time is a non-monotonic function of the rotational diffusion time, with a minimum that depends on the geometry.
Self-assembly and percolation in two dimensional binary magnetic colloids
Authors: Carstensen Hauke , Krämer Anne , Kapaklis Vassilios , Wolff Max
Published: July 2022

We study the self-assembly of branching-chain networks and crystals in a binary colloidal system with tunable interactions.
A gel lattice alters the phase state of a solvent
Authors: Stovbun Sergey V. , Skoblin Aleksey A. , Shilkina Natalia G. , Lomakin Sergey M. , Zlenko Dmitry V.
Published: July 2022

Some low-molecular-weight substances are able to self-assemble into fiber-like structures to form gels. The gel lattice alter the state of the solvent allowing analysis of that lattice by Differential Scaning Calorimetry.
Ultrafast carrier transport in ultrafine porous 2D polymers for the highly selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2to CH4
Authors: Tang Guoen , Zhang Huicong , Song Ting , Yin Shiheng , Mao Guojiang , Long Bei , Ali Atif , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: July 2022

The uncomplicated synthesis and detailed characterization of ultrafine porous 2D polymers with superior and highly selective photocatalytic CO2reduction under visible light irradiation.
Strain tunable nanoporous r-N-GDY membrane for efficient seawater desalination
Authors: Li Min , Li Yixiang , Zhang Yunju , Li Yong-Qiang , Li Weifeng , Zhao Mingwen , Qu Yuanyuan
Published: July 2022

The r-N-GDY filter can be switched between a high-flux “open” state (up to 81.8 L per cm2 per day per MPa) and a “closed” state (4% along the ZZ-direction) by applying tensile strain along different directions, yielding a highly tunable nanopore interface.
Linking microscale morphologies to localised performance in singlet fission quantum dot photon multiplier thin films
Authors: Toolan Daniel T. W. , Weir Michael P. , Dowland Simon , Winkel Jurjen F. , Willmott Jon R. , Zhang Zhilong , Gray Victor , Xiao James , Petty Anthony J. , Anthony John E. , Greenham Neil C. , Friend Richard H. , Rao Akshay , Jones Richard A. L. , Ryan Anthony J.
Published: July 2022

Hybrid small-molecule/quantum dot films have the potential to reduce thermalization losses in photovoltaics. Here grazing incidence X-ray scattering and IR microscopy, provide direct links between morphologies and photon multiplication performance.
Induced internal stresses and their relation to FLASH sintering of KNN ceramics
Authors: Serrazina Ricardo , Gomes Mariana , Vilarinho Rui , Pereira Luis , Dean Julian S. , Reaney Ian M. , Senos Ana M. O. R. , Vilarinho Paula M. , Moreira J. Agostinho
Published: July 2022

Direct link between FLASH sintering, structure, microstructure and higher residual compressive internal stress state compared to conventional sintering.
Stress memory for the visualization detection of complicated mechanical structures via trap structure manipulation
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Yu Xue , Zhao Lei , Tang Haitao , Wang Zhaofeng , Zhu Xiaodie , Yang Xiuxia , Zhao Feng , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui
Published: July 2022

Force accelerates the release of the captured carriers, and the residual carriers can be readout by a near-infrared light to realize the visualization of the stress distribution with a highly curved surface mechanical structure directly.
Activation energy of magnesite (MgCO3) precipitation: recent insights from olivine carbonation studies
Authors: Miller Quin R. S. , Schaef H. Todd
Published: July 2022

Two new activation energies for olivine transformation to magnesite improves understanding of subsurface carbon mineralization, critical for aiding development of carbon-management technologies.
Syn-rift Cretaceous deformation in the Agly Variscan Massif (Eastern Pyrenees, France)
Authors: Aumar Cyril , Merle Olivier , Bosse Valérie , Monié Patrick
Published: July 2022

A petro-structural and geochronological study has been conducted in the Agly Variscan Massif located in the Northern Pyrenean Zone (France). The Lower Gneiss Unit (LGU) displays highly ductile deformation with a NNE-SSW oriented stretching lineation and opposite senses of shear in the directions top-to-the-NNE and top-to-the-SSW. Field observations and thin section analysis show that these two senses of shear are coeval with bulk coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal lengthening. Focusing on syntectonic minerals located within shear bands, Th-U/Pb monazite and40Ar/39Ar mica dating yield a 94–127 Ma age bracket for the mylonitic deformation. The principal conclusion from these results is that the main ductile strain (i.e., stretching lineations and kinematic indicators) in the LGU should be ascribed to the Cretaceous rifting. A PTt path for the LGU is proposed showing the diachronism between the Cretaceous metamorphic evolution in the Agly Massif (peak temperature at 127 Ma) and the sedimentary basins (peak temperature at 95 Ma) bordering it to the north and south. Finally, a north-south crustal scale evolution of the whole area is put forward to explain this diachronism.
Concepts in the Establishment of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Centers: The Role of Radiology
Authors: Clevert Dirk Andre , Jung Ernst Michael , Weber Marc-André , Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert , Willinek Winfried , Fischer Thomas
Published: July 2022

Background Ultrasound (US) is widely used as a fast and cost-efficient first-choice imaging technique without relevant side effects for a variety of diagnostic tasks. Due to technical advances, more complex and sophisticated methods such as color-coded duplex ultrasound, image fusion, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and ultrasound-guided interventions have become increasingly important in diagnostic algorithms.

Method This study presents an overview of all aspects regarding the establishing of an interdisciplinary US center based on five representative examples in Germany. These aspects include topics of ultrasound education, research, economics, and administration.

Results The goal of an interdisciplinary US center is to bundle the use of equipment, staff, rooms, and infrastructure resources (optimization of equipment availability and use of new techniques) to expand the range of examinations, to promote resident training, and to boost continuing medical education of residents. This should result in better patient care and has additionally improved patient care while considering the added value for the participating institutions involved. Interdisciplinary US centers allow a reduction of the number of US devices needed in a hospital and more efficient use of available equipment through bedside time optimization by central organization within interdisciplinary management. The focused application of special US techniques such as CEUS or image fusion for complex, difficult interventions as well as the training and education of younger colleagues in using these techniques is centrally organized by experts and can be improved through the multidisciplinary experience available.

Conclusion Organizational structures, sharing of materials, and standardization of diagnostic reports facilitate and accelerate cooperation with the referring specialty.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Circulating Fibroblast Growth
Factor-21 Response to Glucose Challenge in Overweight and Obese Men: A Pilot
Study
Authors: Matsui Masahiro , Kosaki Keisei , Myoenzono Kanae , Yoshikawa Toru , Park Jieyon , Kuro-o Makoto , Maeda Seiji
Published: July 2022

Background and study purpose Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a
liver-derived hormone that lowers blood glucose. Although aerobic exercise
training also lowers blood glucose, its effect on circulating FGF21levels
remains obscure. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise
training on serum FGF21 levels in overweight and obese men.

Methods A total of 14 overweight/obese men were included in the
analyses. Participants attended supervised aerobic exercise training for 12
weeks (three times per week) and completed the standard oral glucose tolerance
test pre- and post-exercise training. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum
FGF21 levels were measured at fasting and 60 and 120 min after glucose
loading.

Results The exercise training reduced plasma glucose and serum FGF21
levels during glucose loading (p<0.05). The change in the area
under the curve of plasma glucose was positively correlated with that in the
area under the curve of serum FGF21 (r

s
=0.569,
p=0.034).

Conclusion Lowering postprandial circulating FGF21 levels may be
associated with the improved glucose tolerance induced by habitual aerobic
exercise in overweight and obese men.
Icariin Improves Glucocorticoid Resistance in a Murine Model of Asthma with Depression Associated with Enhancement of GR Expression and Function
Authors: Jin Hualiang , Zhou Yan , Ye Jian , Qiu Chenhui , Jin Weizhong , Wang Limin
Published: July 2022

Icariin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, exerts a variety of biological activities. However, its effects on depression-induced glucocorticoid resistance in asthma and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, a murine model of asthma with depression was established by exposure to ovalbumin combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress, and icariin was given orally during ovalbumin challenge and chronic unpredictable mild stress exposure. Depression-like behaviors were assessed by the open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. The characteristic features of allergic asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E and corticosterone levels in serum, were examined. Following splenocyte isolation in vitro, the inhibitory effects of corticosterone on the proliferation and cytokine secretion of splenocytes, glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding activity, and expression of p-glucocorticoid receptor s226, glucocorticoid receptor α, and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in splenocytes were determined. We found that icariin had limited effects on depression-like behaviors, however, it markedly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltration in lung tissues, levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E in serum. Furthermore, icariin improved the inhibitory effects of corticosterone on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated splenocytes, increased the glucocorticoid receptor expression and glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding activity, and inhibited the phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors S226 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Taken together, icariin improved glucocorticoid resistance in a murine model of asthma with depression associated with enhancement of glucocorticoid receptor function and glucocorticoid receptor expression, and its effects on the glucocorticoid receptor function were related to decreased phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors S226 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Simulated Kick Injury to the Mandible in Horses: Study of Fracture Configurations and Physical Parameters of the Impact
Authors: Gfrerer Levin , Michel Silvain , Fürst Anton E. , Piskoty Gabor , Weisse Bernhard , Montavon Stéphane , Jackson Michelle A.
Published: July 2022

Objective The goal of this study was to generate mandibular fractures in three regions of the diastema using a metal impactor to simulate a kick from a horse and to determine the mean deceleration in the initial phase of the impact event, the maximum contact force, the impact energy necessary to create a fracture and the duration of the impact.

Study Design Thirty heads of horses aged between 5 and 20 years and euthanatized for various reasons were used. The heads were attached to a steel bar at the occiput at an axial angle of 45 degrees so that the body of the mandible was positioned horizontally and directly under the trajectory of the impactor. A 2 kg solid impactor was dropped with velocities of 6 to 14 m/s to simulate a kick from a horse. The impact was recorded using a high-speed video camera with a frame rate of 30,000 frames per second. Radiographs of the heads were obtained before and after the simulated kick.

Results Mandibular fractures with configurations similar to those seen in clinical practice were generated at all three locations. The mean deceleration increased with impact velocity and with more cranially located impact positions. Absorbed energy increased with increasing impact velocity when no fracture was generated.

Conclusion The susceptibility to experimental fracture of the diastema increased from rostral to caudal locations, which is most probably caused by decreasing mandibular bone strength and an increase in the curvature at the lateroventral aspect of the mandible in that region. Physical parameters depended on fracture occurrence and type.
Muscle Grafts with Doxorubicin Pretreatment Produce “Empty Tubes” in the Basal Laminae, Promote Contentious Maturation of the Regenerated Axons, and Bridge 20-mm Sciatic Nerve Defects in Rats
Authors: Takeuchi Hisataka , Sakamoto Akio , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Ohta Souichi , Noguchi Takashi , Ando Maki , Yoshimoto Koichi , Sakamoto Daichi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: July 2022

Background We newly developed a muscle graft that employs a doxorubicin pretreatment technique. The aims of this study were to reveal the biological and morphological features of the muscle tissue in the second week (Study I), to reveal the regeneration outcomes of functional and kinematic assessments of longer-term follow-up (16 weeks, Study II), and to make assessments of the muscle graft with doxorubicin pretreatment in the critical-sized nerve defect model (20 mm, Study III).

Methods A total of 26 adult rats were used in this study. Doxorubicin treatment was accomplished by immersion in a doxorubicin solution for 10 minutes followed by a rinsing procedure. The rats were divided into three groups: the muscle graft with and without doxorubicin pretreatment (M-graft-w-Dox and M-graft-w/o-Dox) groups and the autologous nerve graft (N-graft) group. Assays of apoptosis, immunofluorescent histochemistry including CD68 (macrophage marker), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), morphometrical studies of the regenerated axons, nerve conduction studies, and kinematic studies were performed.

Results The M-graft-w-Dox group contained significantly larger numbers of apoptotic cells and CD68-positive cells. SEM revealed the existence of the basal lamina, so called “empty tubes,” in the M-graft-w-Dox group. Study II showed contentious maturation of the regenerated axons, especially in the compound muscle action potentials. Study III showed that even at 20 mm, the M-graft-w-Dox group promoted axonal regeneration and functional regeneration.

Conclusion The M-graft-w-Dox group showed superior regeneration results, and this easy and short-term procedure can expand the muscle graft clinical indication for the treatment of peripheral nerve defects.
Regenerative Dentistry in Pakistan: Awareness, Challenges, and Advancements among General Dental Practitioners and Specialists
Authors: Khan Erum , Soomro Azeem Hussain , Saleem Muhammad , Siyal Zahid Hussain , Ali Sabir , khurshid Zohaib
Published: July 2022

Objective Regenerative dentistry has developed a revolutionary advancement in dentistry worldwide. However, significant research still needs to be taken to overcome the challenges in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to evaluate the understanding of general and specialist dentists toward different grafts and their resources during surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods A questionnaire was disseminated for our survey-based study, emailed the soft copy, and distributed the hard copies among 400 general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists throughout Pakistan to evaluate the types of grafts used to cover bone or soft tissue defects. Out of 400 GDPs and dental specialists, 200 participants returned the completed questionnaires.

Results Nearly 200 dental surgeons participated from different regions of Pakistan. Most of the GDPs and specialists in Pakistan are not well aware of tissue-engineered grafts and their role in dentistry. The frequency of utilizing a patient's oral fibroblast to generate the collagen is 5.5%. Most of the GDPs are not aware of the resource of bony spicules if utilized which is 49.5%. Consequently, the use of regenerated tissue (oral) grafts is significantly overlooked in Pakistan (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Tissue engineering is an extremely encouraging area of reparative biology that attracts the latest innovation in maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, implantology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, and physiology.
Awareness of the Influence of Periodontitis on Systemic Health among Medical Professionals: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Narendran Nirosha , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Shenoy Santhosh B.
Published: July 2022

Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, characterized by progressive destruction of supporting periodontal structures. However, the periodontal infection can enter into the systemic circulation and affect different organs in the body, and systemic diseases may be aggravated by periodontal disease.

Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of medical professionals regarding periodontal disease and its correlation with systemic disease.

Materials and Methods The survey was conducted in different government/private hospitals in and around Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India. The online survey form was circulated among various medical practitioners between June and August 2019. There was a total of 10 questions in the questionnaire, and the respondents were asked to mark their appropriate choices. Using SPSS version 16, the data collected were compiled and analyzed.

Results A total of 186 general practitioners were involved in the study. About 75.4% of practitioners were aware of periodontal disease and 73.7% of practitioners were aware of the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, 88.1% have referred their patients to a dentist. Among the medical doctors practicing in and around Mangaluru city, this survey showed that knowledge about the relationship between oral health and general health was good.

Conclusion This study emphasizes on increasing the awareness regarding periodontal and systemic interrelationships among physicians and more comprehensive and collective efforts by both the general physicians and dental surgeons to improve overall health through improving oral health.
Arthroscopic Dorsal Ligamentocapsulodesis in the Management of Combined Tears of Scapholunate and Lunotriquetral Ligaments: Surgical Technique and Preliminary Clinical Results
Authors: Özçelik İsmail Bülent , Ayık Ömer , Demirel Mehmet , Yıldırım Tuğrul , Uğurlar Meriç
Published: July 2022

Introduction The literature is scarce regarding the management of combined tears of scapholunate (SL) and lunotriquetral (LT) ligaments. This study aimed to evaluate our preliminary results with the arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis in managing such cases.

Materials and Methods Forty-two patients (13 females, 29 males; mean age = 31; age range = 18–51 years) who underwent arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis due to the combined tears of SL and LT ligaments were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up was 38 (range = 24–55) months. The Modified Mayo Wrist Score, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and grip strength were assessed preoperatively and at the final follow-up examination.

Results The mean Modified Mayo Wrist Score significantly improved from 49 (range = 25–70) preoperatively to 82 (range = 60–100) at the final follow-up (p = 0.000). The mean VAS significantly decreased from 6.33 to 1.6 (p = 0.000). The mean hand grip strength significantly improved from 31 (range = 19–41) kg to 44 (range = 25–60) kg at the final follow-up examination (p < 0.001). No major complications were encountered.

Conclusion Arthroscopic dorsal ligamentocapsulodesis seems to be a safe and effective surgical technique in the management of this rare combined injury pattern.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Bilateral Thoracic Outlet Syndrome from Anomalous 8th Cervical Vertebrae Ribs
Authors: Ferris Scott , Lonie Sarah
Published: July 2022

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of diverse disorders resulting from compression of neurovascular structures as they pass from the lower neck to upper limb. Neurological symptoms, such as pain, weakness, or paraesthesia, are much more common than vascular symptoms such as pallor or venous congestion. Anatomical abnormalities can contribute to this condition. Thirty percent of patients with TOS can have a cervical rib, arising from the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra, compared with 1% of the general population. We report the first case in the literature of neurogenic TOS from a cervical rib arising from a supernumerary 8th cervical vertebra. This patient had immediate improvement in TOS symptoms following scalene muscle surgery and resection of cervical and first thoracic ribs.
Metaphor in Conflict Transformation: Using Arts to Shift Perspectives and Build Empathy
Authors: Ware Vicki-Ann
Published: July 2022

This paper reports findings from an arts-based intra-communal peacebuilding programme in North-Central Rakhine State (Myanmar), 2016–2018, on the role metaphors—embedded in arts processes and artefacts—played in facilitating reported shifts in conflict-related attitudes and behaviours. An established body of literature shows the central importance of metaphor to human cognition, particularly where it underpins emotional responses (especially empathy formation) to otherwise sensitive issues. Few studies have extended this to verbal dialogue in conflict settings. No studies have explored arts-based metaphor’s potential for enabling conflict-affected communities to explore peacebuilding. Findings suggest metaphor were instrumental in enabling sustainable, significant shifts in conflict repertories (Bar-Tal) by allowing participants to analyse conflict narratives, imagine alternatives, rehearse intended peace repertoires and codify new ideas for easy recall post-workshop. While shifts in repertoire and resulting behaviours were small, they were significant in motivating these Rakhine villagers to reinitiate cautious contact with Rohingya neighbours.

Cet article présente les résultats d'un programme intracommunautaire de consolidation de la paix fondé sur l’art dans l'État du centre-nord de Rakhine (Myanmar) entre 2016 et 2018, et présente notamment le rôle que les métaphores - intégrées dans les processus et artefacts artistiques – ont joué pour faciliter des changements remarqués dans les attitudes et les comportements liés au conflit. Un corpus établi de littérature montre l'importance centrale de la métaphore pour le cerveau humain, en particulier là où elle sous-tend les réponses émotionnelles (en particulier la formation de l'empathie) à des problèmes par ailleurs sensibles. Peu d'études ont étendu cela au dialogue verbal dans les situations de conflit. Aucune étude ne s’est penchée sur le potentiel de la métaphore artistique pour permettre aux communautés touchées par les conflits d'explorer les processus de consolidation de la paix. Les résultats suggèrent que l’utilisation de métaphores a contribué à rendre possible des changements durables et significatifs dans les répertoires de conflit (Bar-Tal) en permettant aux participant·e·s d'analyser la façon dont on parle des conflits, d'imaginer des alternatives, de s’entraîner à utiliser un répertoire dédié lié à la paix et de mettre en place de nouvelles idées pour s’en souvenir facilement après l'atelier. Bien que les changements aient été légers au niveau des répertoires utilisés et des comportements qui en résultent, ils ont été importants pour inciter ces villageois·es de Rakhine à reprendre un contact prudent avec leurs voisin·e·s Rohingyas.
How urban geometry influences air flow and heat stress
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: July 2022

Inertial and buoyancy forcing combine to create air flow patterns heavily influenced by the shape of urban street-canyons.
Shedding light on the state-of-the-art in data-driven modeling of wind farms
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: July 2022

Examining data-driven and machine learning modelling techniques to improve wind-farm flow predictions and power harvesting
Battery characterization method could enable higher performance electric vehicles
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: July 2022

Technique combines atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to probe dynamic structure-property relationships of cathode materials.
Light propagation through optical media using metric contact geometry
Authors: García-Peláez D. , López-Monsalvo C. S. , Rubio Ponce A.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we show that the orthogonality between rays and fronts of light propagation in a medium is expressed in terms of a suitable metric contact structure of the optical medium without boundaries. Moreover, we show that considering interfaces (modeled as boundaries), orthogonality is no longer fulfilled, leading to optical aberrations and, in some cases, total internal reflection. We present some illustrative examples of this latter point.
Flow and scalar transfer characteristics for a circular colony of vegetation
Authors: Kingora Kamau , Sadat Hamid
Published: July 2022

Local and global flow structures, as well as transfer and transport of a passive scalar from a circular colony of uniformly distributed cylindrical vegetation, are investigated at Re = 2100. The number of cylinders in the colony is varied from 1 to 284 yielding a solid fraction of 0.00<ϕ<0.65. The following three flow regimes are identified: a co-shedding flow regime prevails at low solid fraction where wakes of individual cylinders have minimal interaction; a bleeding-wake flow regime is identified at intermediate solid fraction in which stream-wise bleeding flow delays the formation of colony-scale vortices yielding a steady wake between two separated shear layers; and a single-body flow regime is observed at high solid fraction and is accompanied by the commencement of colony-scale vortex shedding. As the solid fraction increases, drag and Sherwood number experienced by colonies increases linearly and at a reducing rate at low and intermediate solid fractions, respectively, while the net lift remains negligible. At high solid fraction, the commencement of colony-scale vortex shedding is accompanied by a jump in lift and base suction. Pressure and friction lift/drag increase and decrease with an increase in solid fraction, respectively, toward the value experienced by a solid cylinder. Sherwood number, on the other hand, decays exponentially toward the value experienced by a solid cylinder at high solid fraction. Colonies at intermediate solid fraction exhibit the highest scalar transfer but weakest transport in their near field wake. Scalar transfer in colonies with high solid fraction deteriorates with an increase in solid fraction yielding less scalar concentration in their downstream wake.
Local voltage mapping of solar cells in the presence of localized radiative defects
Authors: Conrad Brianna , Hamadani Behrang H.
Published: July 2022

Hyperspectral electroluminescence and photoluminescence imaging of photovoltaic materials and devices produces three-dimensional spatially and spectrally resolved luminescence data, which can be calibrated to an absolute scale, enabling the extraction of high resolution maps of quantities, such as the local voltage (quasi-Fermi-level splitting). This extraction requires supplemental measurements of external quantum efficiency (EQE), but these do not have the same spatial resolution. Previously, assumptions have been made to overcome this limitation. In this work, we evaluate these assumptions for InGaAs solar cells with significant spatial variation in the luminescence spectrum shape due to small regions with elevated concentrations of radiative defects. Although appropriate for small variations in the spectral shape, we find that with more significant variation, these assumptions can result in nonphysical EQEs and too-low voltages. Combining multiple methods can help to alleviate this, or a minimum voltage map can be extracted, which will be similar to the actual voltage when EQE is high.
Insight into synergetic effect of bulk doping and boundary engineering on conductivity of NASICON electrolytes for solid-state Na batteries
Authors: Li Wenkai , Zhao Ning , Bi Zhijie , Guo Xiangxin
Published: July 2022

Na superionic conductor-type Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3, NZSPO) is considered as one of the most promising solid electrolytes for solid-state sodium batteries, while its relatively low ionic conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 requires improvement for application. In this study, a synergetic strategy is applied to improve the ionic conductivity of NZSPO, i.e., by combining bulk doping and grain-boundary engineering. Hf4+ is selected as the substitution for Zr4+ to stabilize the highly conducting rhombohedral phase. La2O3 is added as a sintering aid to promote the ion transport along the grain boundaries with Na3La(PO4)2 formed therein. The optimized Na3Zr1.8Hf0.2Si2PO12-Na3La(PO4)2 (NZHSPO-NLPO) ceramic electrolytes show a high relative density of 98.8% and the superior ionic conductivity of 1.66 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C. The Na symmetric batteries display the stable plating/stripping cycling over 500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 0.05 mAh cm−2. With ionic liquid as a wetting agent at cathode sides and PEO as an intermediate layer at anode sides, the NZHSPO-NLPO-based Na batteries with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes exhibit the discharge capacity of 109.9 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 92.7% at 0.1 and 30 °C for 50 cycles. It is proved that the simultaneous optimization of bulk and grain boundaries is powerful for increasing the ionic conductivity of ceramic solid electrolytes.
Perturbation calculation of the uniform electron gas with a transcorrelated Hamiltonian
Authors: Luo Hongjun , Alavi Ali
Published: July 2022

With a transcorrelated Hamiltonian, we perform a many body perturbation calculation on the uniform electron gas in the high density regime. By using a correlation factor optimized for a single determinant Jastrow ansatz, the second order correlation energy is calculated as 1−ln⁡2π2ln(rs)−0.05075. This already reproduces the exact logarithmic term of the random phase approximation (RPA) result, while the constant term is roughly 7% larger than the RPA one. The close agreement with the RPA method demonstrates that the transcorrelated method offers a viable and potentially efficient method for treating metallic systems.
Surface design of superhydrophobic parallel grooves for controllable petal bouncing and contact time reduction
Authors: Du Jiayu , Wang Xiong , Li Yanzhi , Min Qi
Published: July 2022

This study numerically investigates the bouncing characteristics of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic sub-millimeter parallel grooves by the level-set method. Once the Weber number (We) is increased to a critical value (Wec), a unique petal-like droplet bouncing off the parallel grooves without horizontal retraction is found, dramatically reducing the contact time (tc) by up to ∼75%. Such a bouncing mode is attributed to the rectification of capillary energy stored in the penetrated liquids into upward motion. To achieve controllable petal bouncing, the coupling effects of impact velocity and surface geometric characteristics on tc and Wec are elucidated from the perspective of timescale, momentum, and energy. The numerical results indicate that narrowing the center-to-center spacing contributes to shortening tc and slowing down the growth of tc with We. In contrast, the effect of ridge height is negligible. By establishing the model of emptying time, the relationships of tc with impact velocity and geometric parameters are quantitatively identified. Furthermore, along with the strengthened anisotropic property, a large center-to-center spacing promotes the conversion of horizontal momentum into vertical momentum and suppresses the increment of surface energy, thus inducing the reduction in Wec. Distinct from known anisotropic surfaces in the previous work, the anisotropic property of parallel-grooved surface plays an opposite role in shortening tc. Finally, incorporating the energy balance approach, a semi-empirical model is developed to predict Wec, exhibiting good agreement with present simulation. This work provides physical insights into petal bouncing and inspires the design of textured surfaces to reduce contact time.
Mycogeography in the South Pacific Region: Agaricales, Boletales
Authors: Horak E
Published: July 2022

Seventy-five basidiomycetous larger fungi (Agaricales, Boletales and two Hydnales and Aphyllophorales) are selected to demonstrate their mycogeographic relationships and distribution patterns in the South Pacific region (southern South America, New Zealand, Australia/Tasmania, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea). Particular emphasis is put on species forming ectomycorrhizae with Nothofagus spp. (Fagales) and, to a lesser degree, with Eucalyptus spp. and Leptospermum spp. (Myrtales). Xylophilous fungi growing on rotting wood and debris of the before-mentioned trees (considered to be of southern origin) follow their hosts into all ecological niches. Seven distribution maps illustrate the close and often exclusive biological ties between fungus and host plant(s) that are likely to have been functional before Gondwanaland broke up. After the dispersal of the plates, overland migration of agarics and boletes could have taken place but its effectiveness is questioned, at least in the case ofobligate ectomycorrhizal fungi. Panellus ligulatus, Pluteus perroseus, Dermocybe splendida, Phialocybe improvisa and Pholiota multicingulata are described as new, and two new varieties, viz. Mycena helminthobasis var. novaezelandiae and Pluteus /lammipes var. depauperata, are proposed.
Copper speciation and mobility in glyphosate co-contaminated soils: a microcosm and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study
Authors: Siriwong Wapakorn , Amonpattaratkit Penphitcha , Nilubol Tikamporn
Published: July 2022

Context The effect of glyphosate–copper complex on copper mobility had been studied in aqueous conditions. The effect on copper distribution through the soil profile is little understood and controversial. Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of glyphosate on copper mobility and distribution through the soil profile and to identify the specific copper binding change at the molecular level. Methods The experiments were performed in microcosm soil spiked with copper and glyphosate. Sequential extraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques were applied for copper speciation. Key results The organic bound fraction was the highest fraction (50%) in the top soil layer, while Cu(CH3COO)2 (43%) and Cu(NO3)2 (49%) were the highest fraction in linear combination fit (LCF) analysis. In the presence of glyphosate, the readily mobile fraction of copper (water soluble and exchangeable fractions) increased, while the mobilised fractions decreased within 1 day of glyphosate application. The LCF analysis revealed that CuSO4 and Cu3(PO4)2 increased in the presence of glyphosate. The effects of glyphosate were no longer detected by 14 days after application. During the 40 days of the experiment, the released copper did not leach beyond 4 cm deep in soil. Conclusions The existence of glyphosate in soil induced the release of copper into the readily mobilised fraction within 1 day of glyphosate contamination. The effect was found within 4 cm depth and declined in correspondence with the degradation half-life of glyphosate. Implications The finding is important in evaluating the risk of metal diffusion and nutrient leaching from co-contaminated soil through the soil profile over time and at a molecular scale.