bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paper, E-mail, or Both? Effects of Contact Mode on Participation in a Web Survey of Establishments
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W. , Vicari Basha , Couper Mick P.
Published: November 2018

Identifying strategies that maximize participation rates in population-based web surveys is of critical interest to survey researchers. While much of this interest has focused on surveys of persons and households, there is a growing interest in surveys of establishments. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on strategies for optimizing participation rates in web surveys of establishments. To address this research gap, we conducted a contact mode experiment in which establishments selected to participate in a web survey were randomized to receive the survey invitation with login details and subsequent reminder using a fully crossed sequence of paper and e-mail contacts. We find that a paper invitation followed by a paper reminder achieves the highest response rate and smallest aggregate nonresponse bias across all-possible paper/e-mail contact sequences, but a close runner-up was the e-mail invitation and paper reminder sequence which achieved a similarly high response rate and low aggregate nonresponse bias at about half the per-respondent cost. Following up undeliverable e-mail invitations with supplementary paper contacts yielded further reductions in nonresponse bias and costs. Finally, for establishments without an available e-mail address, we show that enclosing an e-mail address request form with a prenotification letter is not effective from a response rate, nonresponse bias, and cost perspective.
A comparison of logistic regression models with alternative machine learning methods to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in emergency medical admissions via external validation
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Scally Andy , Howes Robin , Beatson Kevin , Richardson Donald , Mohammed Mohammed A
Published: November 2018

We compare the performance of logistic regression with several alternative machine learning methods to estimate the risk of death for patients following an emergency admission to hospital based on the patients’ first blood test results and physiological measurements using an external validation approach. We trained and tested each model using data from one hospital ( n = 24,696) and compared the performance of these models in data from another hospital ( n = 13,477). We used two performance measures – the calibration slope and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The logistic model performed reasonably well – calibration slope: 0.90, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.847 compared to the other machine learning methods. Given the complexity of choosing tuning parameters of these methods, the performance of logistic regression with transformations for in-hospital mortality prediction was competitive with the best performing alternative machine learning methods with no evidence of overfitting.
Condition monitoring of urban rail transit by local energy harvesting
Authors: Gao Mingyuan , Li Yunwu , Lu Jun , Wang Yifeng , Wang Ping , Wang Li
Published: November 2018

The goal of this study is to develop a vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesting prototype that provides power to rail-side monitoring equipment and sensors by collecting wheel-rail vibration energy when the train travels. This technology helps power rail–side equipment in off-grid and remote areas. This article introduces the principle, modeling, and experimental test of the system, including (1) an electromagnetic energy harvesting prototype with DC-DC boost converter and lithium battery charge management function, (2) wireless sensor nodes integrated with accelerometer and temperature/humidity sensor, and (3) a vehicle-track interaction model that considers wheel out-of-roundness. Field test results, power consumption, Littlewood–Paley wavelet transform method, and feasibility analysis are reported. An application case of the technology is introduced: the sensor nodes of the wireless sensor network are powered by the electromagnetic energy harvester and lithium battery with DC-DC boost converter, thereby continuously monitoring the railway track state; based on the Littlewood–Paley wavelet analysis of measured railway track acceleration data, the abnormal signal caused by the wheel out-of-roundness can be detected.
Improved user similarity computation for finding friends in your location
Authors: Tsakalakis Georgios , Koutsakis Polychronis
Published: November 2018

Recommender systems are most often used to predict possible ratings that a user would assign to items, in order to find and propose items of possible interest to each user. In our work, we are interested in a system that will analyze user preferences in order to find and connect people with common interests that happen to be in the same geographical area, i.e., a “friend” recommendation system. We present and propose an algorithm, Egosimilar+, which is shown to achieve superior performance against a number of well-known similarity computation methods from the literature. The algorithm adapts ideas and techniques from the recommender systems literature and the skyline queries literature and combines them with our own ideas on the importance and utilization of item popularity.
Travel to Asia is a strong predictor for carriage of cephalosporin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. but does not explain everything; prevalence study at a Norwegian hospital 2014–2016
Authors: Espenhain Laura , Jørgensen Silje Bakken , Leegaard Truls Michael , Lelek Michaela Marie , Hänsgen Siri Haug , Nakstad Britt , Sunde Marianne , Steinbakk Martin
Published: November 2018

Background

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae (ESCr-EK) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in patients upon hospital admission and identify factors associated with carriage to better target interventions and to guide empirical antibiotic treatment.

Methods

Between October 2014 and December 2016, we recruited patients admitted to a Norwegian university hospital. A rectal swab and questionnaire covering possible risk factors for colonisation were collected upon admission. Isolates were characterized by phenotypic methods. ESCr-EK isolates were subject to whole genome sequencing. We calculated prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) using binomial regression.

Results

Of 747 patients, 45 (6.0%) were colonised with ESCr-EK, none with VRE. The ESCr-EK isolates in 41 patients were multidrug resistant; no isolates were non-suceptible to meropenem. Prevalence of ESCr-EK was higher among travellers to Asia (aPR = 6.6; 95%CI 3.6–12; p < 0.001). No statistical significant difference in carriage was observed between departments, age or any other factors in the univariable analyses.

Conclusions

The observed prevalence of ESCr-EK colonisation upon admission was in the same range but lower than that reported in similar studies from Europe. Travel to Asia was a strong predictor for colonisation of ESCr-EK to be considered when administering empirical antimicrobial treatment. As less than one third of colonised patients had travelled to Asia, and no other factors investigated were found to be strongly associated with carriage, these findings underscore that healthcare personnel must apply standard infection control precautions for all patients.
General Anesthesia Alters the Diversity and Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Serbanescu Mara A. , Mathena Reilley P. , Xu Jing , Santiago-Rodriguez Tasha , Hartsell Theresa L. , Cano Raul J. , Mintz Cyrus D.
Published: November 2018

Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been shown to result in altered immune responses and increased susceptibility to infection; as such, the state of the intestinal microbiome may have profound implications in the perioperative setting. In this first-in-class study, we used 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing and analysis in a mouse model of general anesthesia to investigate the effects of volatile anesthetics on the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiome. After 4-hour exposure to isoflurane, we observed a decrease in bacterial diversity. Taxonomic alterations included depletion of several commensal bacteria including Clostridiales. These data identify volatile anesthetics as potential contributors to microbial dysbiosis in the postoperative patient.
Integral gene drives for population replacement
Authors: Nash Alexander , Urdaneta Giulia Mignini , Beaghton Andrea K. , Hoermann Astrid , Papathanos Philippos Aris , Christophides George K. , Windbichler Nikolai
Published: November 2018

A first generation of CRISPR-based gene drives have now been tested in the laboratory in a number of organisms including malaria vector mosquitoes. Challenges for their use in the area-wide genetic control of vector-borne disease have been identified, including the development of target site resistance, their long-term efficacy in the field, their molecular complexity, and practical and legal limitations for field testing of both gene drive and coupled anti-pathogen traits. We have evaluated theoretically the concept of Integral Gene Drive (IGD) as an alternative paradigm for population replacement. IGDs incorporate a minimal set of molecular components, including drive and anti-pathogen effector elements directly embedded within endogenous genes - an arrangement that in theory allows targeting functionally conserved coding sequences without disrupting their function. Autonomous and non-autonomous IGD strains could be generated, optimized, regulated and imported independently. We performed quantitative modelling comparing IGDs with classical replacement drives and show that selection for the function of the hijacked host gene can significantly reduce the establishment of resistant alleles in the population while drive occurring at multiple genomic loci prolongs the duration of transmission blockage in the face of pre-existing target-site variation. IGD thus has potential as a more durable and flexible population replacement strategy.
Hypoxia evokes increased PDI and PDIA6 expression in the infarcted myocardium of ex-germ-free and conventionally-raised mice
Authors: Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Finger Stefanie , Garlapati Venkata S. , Knorr Maike , Brandt Moritz , Walter Ulrich , Wenzel Philip , Reinhardt Christoph
Published: November 2018

The prototypic protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), encoded by the P4HB gene, has been described as a survival factor in ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the role of protein disulfide isomerase associated 6 (PDIA6) under hypoxic conditions in the myocardium remains enigmatic and it is unknown whether the gut microbiota influences the expression of PDI and PDIA6 under conditions of acute myocardial infarction. Here, we revealed that in addition to the prototypic PDI, the PDI family member (PDIA6), a regulator of the unfolded protein response, is upregulated in the mouse cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 when cultured under hypoxia. In vivo, in the left anterior artery descending (LAD) ligation mouse model of acute myocardial infarction, similar to PDI, PDIA6 protein expression was enhanced in the infarcted area (LAD+) relative to uninfarcted sham-tissue or the neighbouring area at risk (LAD-) of C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, we found that ex-germ-free (ex-GF) mice subjected to the LAD ligation model for 24 hours had a reduced ejection fraction compared with their conventionally-raised (CONV-R) SPF controls. Furthermore, the LAD+ area in the infarcted heart of ex-GF mice showed reduced PDIA6 expression relative to CONV-R controls, suggesting that the presence of a gut microbiota enhanced LAD ligation-triggered PDIA6 expression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PDIA6 is upregulated in cardiomyocytes as a consequence of hypoxia. In the LAD mouse model, PDIA6 was also increased in the infarcted area underin vivo conditions, but this increase was suppressed in ex-GF mice relative to CONV-R controls.
Market Integration, Demand, and the Growth of Firms: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in India
Authors: Jensen Robert , Miller Nolan H.
Published: November 2018

In many developing countries, the average firm is small, does not grow, and has low productivity. Lack of market integration and limited information on non-local products often leave consumers unaware of the prices and quality of non-local firms. They therefore mostly buy locally, limiting firms’ potential market size (and competition). We explore this hypothesis using a natural experiment in the Kerala boat-building industry. As consumers learn more about non-local builders, high-quality builders gain market share and grow, while low-quality firms exit. Aggregate quality increases, as does labor specialization, and average production costs decrease. Finally, quality-adjusted consumer prices decline. (JEL D22, D83, L15, L25, L62, O12, O14)
Bilobed spleen, transposition of the inferior vena cava and Riedel lobe: an extremely rare imaging finding in the same case
Authors: Elfeshawy Mohamed Salah
Published: November 2018

There is a wide range of congenital anomalies of the spleen regarding its shape, location, number, and size. Most of these congenital anomalies are commonly detected on ultrasonography, CT, or MRI and may sometimes represent a challenging diagnosis for radiologists and clinicians. The bilobed spleen is an extremely rare form of congenital anomaly. In most cases, it is accidentally discovered during abdominal surgeries. The bilobed spleen is usually large in size when compared with the normal spleen; hence, it is more liable to trauma. Transposition of the inferior vena cava (IVC; also known as left-sided IVC) refers to a very rare variant course of the IVC. The most common variations are duplicate IVC, as well as retroaortic left renal vein and circumaortic venous rings. Left-sided IVC occurs in 0.17–0.5% of the general population. Diagnosis of left-sided IVC is important when planning vascular procedures like portosystemic shunt, the placement of an IVC filter, nephrectomy, and renal transplant. There should be an awareness of the Riedel lobe, which is a common anatomical variant of the liver, as it can simulate a mass. Its misidentification as a pathological abdominal mass can lead to surgery; pathology can also occur (e.g. malignancy or even torsion). In this report, we presented a case of a bilobed spleen that was misdiagnosed as a left renal mass during routine abdominal ultrasonography in a 25-year-old female who complained of recurrent left hypochondrium pain. The bilobed configuration was confirmed with MRI and ultrasound examination of the abdomen.
Understanding and managing atherosclerotic renovascular disease: still a work in progress
Authors: Chade Alejandro R.
Published: November 2018

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is an unresolved therapeutic dilemma despite extensive pre-clinical and clinical studies. The pathophysiology of the disease has been widely studied, and many factors that may be involved in progressive renal injury and cardiovascular risk associated with ARVD have been identified. However, therapies and clinical trials have focused largely on attempts to resolve renal artery stenosis without considering the potential need to treat the renal parenchyma beyond the obstruction. The results of these trials show a staggering consistence: although nearly 100% of the patients undergoing renal angioplasty show a resolution of the vascular obstruction, they do not achieve significant improvements in renal function or blood pressure control compared with those patients receiving medical treatment alone. It seems that we may need to take a step back and reconsider the pathophysiology of the disease in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. This mini-review discusses potential therapeutic alternatives that focus on the renal parenchyma distal to the vascular obstruction and may provide additional tools to enhance current treatment of ARVD.
Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in women and the elderly: recent updates and stones still left unturned
Authors: Varghese Tina , Wenger Nanette K.
Published: November 2018

Despite the growing awareness of adverse events with acute coronary syndrome and vigilance to refine pharmacological and interventional therapies, the understanding of how these events present in and affect women and the elderly remains limited. Pathophysiological differences in these subgroups and under-representation in large trials create a medical gap in sex- and age-related outcomes and in our knowledge of how best to detect, diagnose, and treat acute coronary syndrome. This review provides a general overview of recent advances in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction management in women and the elderly and elucidates areas where further exploration is needed.
Orientation of the Personality as a Factor of Improvement of Quality of Vocational Training of the Cadets of Higher Education of Institute of EMERCOM of Russia
Authors: Штерензон Вера , Shterenzon Vera , Худякова С. , Hudyakova S. , Шпаньков А. , Shpan'kov A.
Published: November 2018

Article is devoted to a research of orientation of the identity of future experts of fire and technosphere safety. The orientation of the personality is considered as the most important manifestation of a deep essence of the personality and plays a special role in self-updating of the personality, exerts impact on results of educational and professional activity of the personality. Results of a research of structure of orientation of the identity of cadets of the 1st course at the beginning of their training at the Ural State Fire Service Institute of EMERCOM of Russia are presented in the article. Existence of the dominating personal orientation of cadets and the reason of a similar situation is revealed. Differences in structure of orientation the personalities at cadets of various directions of preparation are identified and also influence of orientation of the personality on results of training in disciplines of a natural-science cycle is revealed.
CONOCIMIENTO DEL CONTENIDO SOBRE CORRELACIÓN Y REGRESIÓN DE FUTUROS PROFESORES
Authors: Batanero Carmen , Gea Serrano María Magdalena , Arteaga Cezón Pedro , Contreras García José Miguel , Díaz Batanero María Carmen
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el conocimiento del contenido: correlación y regresión (común, avanzado y especializado) en una muestra de 65 futuros profesores de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. Para ello se analizaron sus respuestas escritas en diferentes tareas relacionadas con un proyecto estadístico basado en datos de las Naciones Unidas. Los resultados indican buena estimación de la correlación e identificación de la función ajuste (conocimiento común), corrección en la ordenación de las variables explicativas según su poder predictivo y mayor dificultad para explicar la correlación por relaciones diferentes a la causalidad (conocimiento avanzado) y un análisis razonable de la idoneidad didáctica del proyecto (conocimiento especializado). Se informa también de algunos sesgos y del efecto de las variables de tarea sobre las respuestas.
A Knowledge Gradient Policy for Sequencing Experiments to Identify the Structure of RNA Molecules Using a Sparse Additive Belief Model
Authors: Li Yan , Reyes Kristofer G. , Vazquez-Anderson Jorge , Wang Yingfei , Contreras Lydia M. , Powell Warren B.
Published: November 2018

We present a sparse knowledge gradient (SpKG) algorithm for adaptively selecting the targeted regions within a large RNA molecule to identify which regions are most amenable to interactions with other molecules. Experimentally, such regions can be inferred from fluorescence measurements obtained by binding a complementary probe with fluorescence markers to the targeted regions. We perform a regularized, sparse linear model with a log link function where the marginal contribution to the thermodynamic cycle of each nucleotide is purely additive. The SpKG algorithm uniquely combines the Bayesian ranking and selection problem with the frequentist l1regularized regression approach Lasso. We use this algorithm to identify the sparsity pattern of the linear model as well as sequentially decide the best regions to test before exhausting an experimental budget. We also develop two new algorithms: batch SpKG and batch SpKG-LM. The first algorithm generates more suggestions sequentially to run parallel experiments. The second one dynamically adds new alternatives, in the form of types of probes, which are created by inserting, deleting, or mutating nucleotides within existing probes. In simulation, we demonstrate these algorithms on the Tetrahymena Group I intron (a midsize RNA molecule), showing that they efficiently learn the correct sparsity pattern, identify the most accessible region, and outperform several other policies.
DESLOCAMENTOS URBANOS INVOLUNTÁRIOS E A REMOÇÃO DA FAVELA METRÔ-MANGUEIRA: A PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO A PARTIR DAS NOÇÕES DE CENTRO E PERIFERIA
Authors: Figueira Luiz Eduardo De Vasconcellos , Da Costa Pedro D'Angelo
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os deslocamentos urbanos involuntários realizados por moradores de favelas em remoção no Rio de Janeiro. A população local de uma favela em processo de remoção é impelida a se deslocar na cidade, em virtude dos reassentamentos e da busca por novas moradias e, ao fazer isso, utiliza suas próprias noções acerca do espaço que é produzido, ao mesmo tempo em que desenvolve práticas e discursos que transmitem o arcabouço moral e normativo acerca desses deslocamentos. As noções de centro e periferia emergem desses discursos a partir dos movimentos realizados na cidade, e se concretizam através de um padrão cognitivo que hierarquiza esses conceitos, fazendo com que o centro seja uma região valorizada em relação à periferia. Partiremos da perspectiva do direito à cidade, oferecida em especial por Henri Lefebvre, mas com o desejo de buscar autores que explorem a produção do espaço a partir da dualidade mencionada. O artigo oferece uma análise teórica, com base em revisão bibliográfica, e também empírica, com base em dados produzidos durante pesquisa de campo de cunho etnográfico na favela Metrô-Mangueira, localizada na Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dessas movimentações será também contextualizada com a política urbana implementada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o impacto dessa política na oferta de moradias na cidade.  Além disso, abordaremos também formas de se fazer antropologia urbana, culminando com uma proposta epistemológica que atenda às demandas atinentes à compreensão das cidades e dos movimentos que as constituem.
ANÁLISE DA PLANIFICAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SANEAMENTO BÁSICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PELOTAS - RS
Authors: Ribeiro Cristine Jaques , Kruger Nino Rafael Medeiros , Guimarães Caroline Kruger
Published: November 2018

O artigo objetiva analisar a planificação da Política Nacional de Saneamento Básico (PNSB) no município de Pelotas-RS, problematizando uma possível mudança de paradigma político desenvolvido através de novas retóricas que camuflaram a perpetuação do desenvolvimento de velhas políticas no Brasil. Para tanto, se busca compreender o modelo de Estado de Bem-Estar Social que se desenvolveu no país e a racionalidade oculta nas políticas públicas brasileiras, embasando uma apreciação relacional do Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico (PMSB) na cidade em estudo. O desenvolvimento de tais análises visa compreender não somente de que forma o PMSB normatiza a execução da política nacional, mas ainda, quais seriam os objetivos, valores e discursos que se colocam em disputa, nas transformações em curso, e para qual horizonte aponta a reorganização estrutural das políticas sociais brasileiras.
PROMOÇÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NO NÍVEL MUNICIPAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA DISPENSA DE LICITAÇÃO NA COLETA SELETIVA DE RESÍDUOS FRENTE A AGENDA 2030
Authors: Silva Carlucio Germano da , Cabral Rafael Lamera Giesta , Giesta-Cabral Lílian Caporlíngua
Published: November 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a dispensa de licitação para a coleta seletiva por associações e cooperativas formadas por pessoas com baixa renda como desdobramento nos Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) apregoados na Agenda 2030. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, instrumentalizado pela análise de tratados, convenções internacionais, da legislação nacional brasileira e da comparação com a realidade de alguns países. Como resultados, identificou-se que 13 dos 17 ODS defendidos na Agenda 2030 podem ter impacto com a dispensa de licitação, em especial por virem a fomentar organizações coletivas, gerando reflexos na vida das pessoas de baixa renda que venham a se envolver nelas. Além disso, percebeu-se que a implementação dessa política de desenvolvimento sustentável em âmbito local gera desafios como: os interesses de elites locais e regionais, a ausência de uma política ambiental de desenvolvimento equilibrado e a incapacidade de gestão ambiental, além de problemas sociais e organizacionais no ciclo de institucionalização de cooperativas e associações desses trabalhadores.
O JURISPRUDENCIALISMO DE ANTÓNIO CASTANHEIRA NEVES E O FUNCIONALISMO JURÍDICO
Authors: Borges Ivan Cláudio Pereira
Published: November 2018

A estrutura teórica do Jurisprudencialismo, proposta por Antônio Castanheira Neves, será o objeto da presente exposição. Trata-se de uma alternativa teórica para a realização do direito nos nossos dias. É melhor compreendida frente ao Normativismo Jurídico e ao Funcionalismo Jurídico, que são as duas grandes correntes jurídicas dominantes da teoria geral do direito. A primeira se revelou numa racionalidade ancorada no sistema de normas e no método interpretativo lógico-dedutivo do sistema, e a segunda que busca superar o formalismo normativista por meio da ênfase na instrumentalização integral do direito com vista ao atingimento de fins metajurídicos e maior efetividade do direito. A alternativa jurisprudencialista, por sua vez, envolve a consideração, primeiro, do ser humano como pessoa, que é, ao mesmo tempo, sujeito de direito e sujeito de deveres, com responsabilidades firmadas em um conteúdo axiológico construído. Acrescenta a dimensão da práxis, onde o indivíduo deve ser sempre percebido como sujeito comunitário. A problemática jurídica se estabelece neste sistema sempre com a conjugação axiológica comunitária, via legislação estabelecida, e o universo prático onde histórico e culturalmente o ser humano está integrado. A concepção de Direito e as categorias de inteligibilidade do Jurisprudencialismo também são expostas. Uma comparação ao Funcionalismo Jurídico, tendência atual identificada por Castanheira Neves, é apresentado como ponto de reforço de sua tese. Justifica-se a presente exposição frente a sinais de estresse do atual sistema jurídico. A metodologia empregada é teórico-crítica por meio de análise bibliográfica. Conclui-se pela possibilidade de adoção, ou pelo menos de discussão, do Jurisprudencialismo como pressuposto teórico-jurídico no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Teoria Geral do Direito – Castanheira Neves – Funcionalismo Jurídico – Jurisprudencialismo – Normativismo.
EDUCAÇÃO JURÍDICA “OABETIZADA”: OS REFLEXOS DO ENSINO JUSPOSITIVISTA PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO ADVOGADO NO BRASIL
Authors: Tassigny Monica Mota , Pellegrini Bruna Lustosa
Published: November 2018

Trata-se de estudo que busca analisar o percurso histórico do ensino jurídico brasileiro e a importância que o Exame da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil adquiriu para a definição do modelo de ensino atual nas instituições de ensino superior privadas. Foi realizado um apanhado histórico sobre a formação dos bacharéis em Direito no Brasil e as principais reformas do ensino jurídico, analisando o instituto da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, bem como as transformações das práticas educacionais que o curso de Direito tem adotado visando à aprovação de seus alunos no Exame da Ordem. A pesquisa é qualitativa, de caráter bibliográfico e documental, sendo realizada pesquisa de campo em três Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas de Fortaleza/CE, com objetivo de avaliar o ensino jurídico e a política pedagógica do curso de direito direcionada à prova da OAB. Verificou-se que nas instituições privadas de ensino superior existem instrumentos de formação jurídica acadêmica em paralelo com a preparação para o Exame da Ordem, tendo em vista que um dos quesitos de avaliação de mercado dessas instituições é o índice de aprovação dos alunos no Exame da OAB.
Ideias e discursos sobre a Justiça do Trabalho no Brasil: sua inclusão no Poder Judiciário examinada a partir da Assembleia Constituinte de 1946
Authors: Lourenço Filho Ricardo
Published: November 2018

A implementação no Brasil de uma Justiça do Trabalho de feição corporativa foi combatida por correntes liberais, mas defendida pelos apoiadores do autoritarismo estatal de Getúlio Vargas. Esse confronto de ideias é explicitado no debate entre Oliveira Viana e Waldemar Ferreira, na segunda metade da década de 1930. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar essa etapa do processo de consolidação da Justiça do Trabalho, que vai culminar na sua inclusão no Poder Judiciário. Para tanto, é analisado, num primeiro momento, o debate entre Oliveira Viana e Waldemar Ferreira acerca da Justiça do Trabalho e de sua competência, em especial a normativa. Em seguida, a partir dos Diários do Poder Legislativo, são examinados os discursos proferidos na Assembleia Constituinte de 1946, relativos à Justiça do Trabalho e à sua incorporação no Poder Judiciário. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a oposição liberal cedeu lugar ao reconhecimento da função da Justiça do Trabalho e do direito do trabalho como instrumentos necessários ao tratamento dos conflitos entre empregados e empregadores. Essa constatação leva à indagação, para estudos futuros, sobre como a Justiça do Trabalho vem efetivamente realizando essa função.
Hidrelétricas do rio Madeira e o acesso à justiça
Authors: Vasconcellos Patrícia Mara Cabral de
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do artigo é analisar como os interesses da coletividade se constituíram nas ações civis públicas contra os consórcios responsáveis pela administração das usinas de Santo Antônio e de Jirau, em Rondônia, Brasil. O método utilizado para a pesquisa foi o qualitativo e análise documental para sistematizar os elementos dos conflitos entre os atores. Assim, nota-se que os pedidos que representam a defesa da coletividade esbarram, normativamente, na força de manobra das empresas que são vinculadas ao poder político. Tal fato é visualizado durante os processos judiciais em três circunstâncias. Primeira, na possibilidade de modificação da norma jurídica. Segunda, na ênfase dada à técnica. Por fim, na falácia das audiências públicas. Conclui--se que a legalidade da norma jurídica não necessariamente incorpora outras concepções de desenvolvimento. Há uma desigualdade de acesso à justiça dos atingidos pelas barragens em comparação com o Estado e as grandes corporações. A aliança entre o Estado e as empresas molda-se no rigor do modelo burocrático e no enlace com as instituições públicas que fornecem pareceres para as decisões judiciais.
Evaluation of Different Forces for Super Finishing the Internal Surface of Ballizing process
Authors: K. UPADHYAY PAWAN , JOSHI H. , AGARWAL PANKAJ
Published: November 2018

This paper is an attempt towards comparing experimental and theoretically results of forces obtained by varying interference. with of contact of the Tool and materials , calculated theoretically, may also be helpful for many production and design calculations. The fatigue strength can be increased by 50 to 100% or even more as a result of cold surface plastic deformation. Cold plastic deformation completely eliminates the unwanted stress raisers. Fatigue strength of machine components can be increased by plastic deformation. Various steels, cast irons and non ferrous alloys, all undergo favorable changes in their surface layers form fatigue strength view point as a result of cold plastic deformation. Surface of work piece hardening, perhaps the most effective method of increasing the fatigue strength of machine components. Use of cold plastic deformation increases the wear resistance of machine components. The explanation is that the relationship between the contact area and the force is near linear for these materials, and therefore the contact pressure force as a ratio of force to area is practically constant. In the case of hard metals (for example hardened steels) the significant elasticity causes the contact area to increase more slowly than the force. Therefore the contact pressure force for hardened steels increases with the Ballizing force. As the forces required are excessive, Tensile testing machine .The material of the ball is so selected that it is not suggests 2 to 3 percent interference between the ball and the hole. In the experience Hardened steel balls were used for low carbon, or medium carbon steel bushes. Aluminium bushed and the same hardened steel ball combinations were also used. Ball Ballizing is a mass production process for improving the accuracy and surface finish of holes.
Rate Expression for Unimolecular Gas-phase Reaction
Authors: MANJUNATH R.
Published: November 2018

The inherent goal of this article is to establish a rate equation for unimolecular gas- phase reaction.
Emergencia dermatológica en pediatría. Síndrome de DRESS
Authors: De La Peña Sanabria Ivan David , Chavarriaga Nataly , Pineda Marriaga Jose Ángel
Published: November 2018

Las reacciones cutáneas inducidas por drogas en pediatría, son entidades poco frecuentes., Sin embargo, se asocian a una gran morbilidad y mortalidad. El síndrome de Dress, o reacción medicamentosa con eosinofilia y compromiso sistémico, es una de las más representativas, pero poco diagnosticadas por su escasa frecuencia. Resumen del caso: lactante menor femenino, ingresa por celulitis postseptal, requirió manejo con vancomicina;, presentó deterioro clínico, fiebre y exantema maculopapular con fondo eritematoso diseminado, shock no modulado, edema, elevación de las aminotrasferasas, tiempos de coagulacion prolongados e hipoalbuminemia; eosinofilia de 8400, función hepática alterada;, completó criterios clínicos para síndrome de Dress. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria, sin tener recaída del exantema o fiebre; fue manejado con tratamiento de soporte e hidratación de piel, con resolución y evolución satisfactoria.Conclusiones: el diagnóstico del Dress, a pesar de ser de exclusión, debe ser considerado en todo niño con exposición previa a medicamentos de alto riesgo., Puede estar asociado a complicaciones en la etapa aguda, y, a pesar de un buen pronóstico, a largo plazo se puede asociar a complicaciones como enfermedades autoinmunes, compromiso renal o hepático crónico, los cuales deben ser evaluados como parte del seguimiento ambulatorio por parte del pediatra.
The Rhetoric and Reality of Small Business Preferences in the 2017 Tax Legislation
Authors: Glogower Ari
Published: November 2018

This Essay describes the gap between the rhetoric and the reality of preferences for small business in the 2017 tax legislation. In the effort to shape public opinion on the legislation, proponents frequently highlighted the benefits for small businesses while often eliding the much larger benefits for large businesses and the wealthiest individuals. This strategic framing follows a recognizable historic pattern whereby tax benefits for the rich are sold to the public through a rhetoric emphasizing benefits lower down the economic ladder.
When Reputation Trumps Policy: Party Productivity Brand and the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act
Authors: Green Matthew N. , Deatherage William
Published: November 2018

In late 2017, congressional Republicans enacted a major tax bill despite voter opposition, resistance from organized interests, and considerable uncertainty about its policy consequences. Why did they do so? We argue that Republicans’ concern with their party’s reputation–in particular, its productivity brand–trumped negative evaluations of the legislation by citizens, interest groups, and policy experts. To support this claim, we analyze measures of legislative output, news media content, public opinion, and lawmaker sentiment. Our findings underscore the importance of party reputation in explaining legislative behavior and suggest that there may be explanatory value in distinguishing between different types of party valence brands.
Proportional correlates of cystatin-C with pentraxin-3, visceral adiposity index and atherogenicity index of plasma but not blood indices in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes
Authors: Al-Batsh Musa Moh’d Waleed , Albsoul-Younes Abla , Kasabri Violet , Suyagh Maysa , Alalawi Sundos , Yasin Nada
Published: November 2018

Background

Pentraxin-3 (PXT-3) and cystatin-C (Cys-C) are robustly related with central obesity and insulin resistance in prediabetes/metabolic syndrome (preDM-MetS).

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare and correlate PXT-3 and Cys-C plasma levels in 29 normoglycemic MetS patients, 30 newly diagnosed drug naive preDM-MetS cases vs. 29 normoglycemic lean controls.

Results

Unlike PXT-3; Cys-C level was significantly higher in normoglycemic MetS (but not preDM-MetS) vs. healthy controls. Except for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c; no further intergroup discrepancy could be identified between the MetS arms. Adiposity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist/height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) but not conicity index (CI)], atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP) (but not non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (nonHDL)-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio or total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio) or any of blood indices were substantially higher in both MetS (normoglycemic and preDM) groups vs. controls. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C/HDL-C ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and WHR were exceptionally greater in MetS-preDM vs. controls. Marked proportional PTX-3-Cys-C correlation was noted in 59 MetS participants (normoglycemic and preDM). PTX-3 (but not Cys-C) correlated proportionally with each of neutrophils, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio but inversely with the lymphocyte count. Substantially, Cys-C (but not PXT-3) positively associated with both VAI and AIP but inversely with HDL-C. Neither biomarker in MetS pool had relations with red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV%), BMI, WC, HC, CI, WHR, WHtR, BAI, LAP, non-HDL-C, ratios of non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C or TC/HDL-C.

Conclusion

PXT-3 and Cys-C can be surrogate prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers or putative MetS therapy targets.
An investigation of interruption in courtroom discourse
Authors: Hu Pi-chan
Published: November 2018

In this research project, we introduce an interdisciplinary study of language and the law—forensic linguistics. In the field of forensic linguistics, the topic of discourse probably receives the most study. The discourse phenomenon we investigated is interruption, commonly regarded as a display of power and control. Our study concentrated on observing the distributions and functions of interruption that take place in criminal courtroom discourse. Given the unique features in criminal courtroom discourse, such as the highly institutionalized nature, the strong goal orientation, the unique question–answer interaction pattern, its rigid procedure and the high stakes for the defendants, the interruption phenomenon greatly deviates away from that in other settings.

For our observation, we collected data from the trial proceedings of criminal courts. The main concern is to determine whether the defendants’ right to speak and to be heard is respected by the other participants in the courtroom. Too much interruption may prevent the defendants from explaining themselves, thus infringing on their legal rights. Overall, judges and prosecutors interrupt considerably more frequently than defense lawyers and defendants. The asymmetry in treatment towards the participants in court trials can be censorable. In addition, we found that time pressure prevented judges from giving participants sufficient time to express themselves.
Institutions Protecting Democracy: A Preliminary Inquiry
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: November 2018

In the late twentieth century constitution-designers came to understand that, in addition to the three classic Montesquiean functions of law-making, law-applying, and law-interpreting, constitutional institutions had to perform an additional function, that of protecting the constitution itself. That function is performed by constitutional courts, but also by agencies concerned with elections and with corruption. A case study of an important anti-corruption inquiry in South Africa illustrates the proposition that institutions protecting the constitution must combine independence from other political actors with some degree of accountability to them. Following the case study, the Article examines some general characteristics of these institutions, sketching some of the questions about independence and accountability that constitution-designers must consider. Among those questions are the possibility of too much independence, with the institutions having a greater impact on political outcomes than is appropriate, too much responsiveness to non-political but professional concerns such as legality and the details of accounting conventions, and of course too much accountability to the very political institutions that these agencies are designed to regulate. Throughout the Article emphasizes the role of conflicts of interest both in setting the agenda for these agencies and in posing the risk that the agencies will undermine rather than protect the constitution.
Presidential Term Limits in Latin America: A Critical Analysis of the Migration of the Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment Doctrine
Authors: Landau David
Published: November 2018

Across a number of countries including Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua, incumbent presidents in Latin America have recently sought to amend their constitutions to eliminate or weaken presidential term limits. In some cases, these efforts to extend terms have been part of broader projects to consolidate power, weaken other state institutions, and tilt the electoral playing field in favor of incumbents. From a legal perspective, these cases are interesting because they highlight the limits of tools limiting constitutional change, such as eternity clauses and the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine, to constrain potentially anti-democratic or anti-liberal forms of constitutional change. Although constitutional texts in most of these cases gave courts ample ammunition to reject attempts to eliminate term limits or at least to force those changes down more demanding paths, courts did not stand in the way of most of these efforts and in some cases even used the doctrines to eliminate rather than protect term limits. The case studies highlight the extent to which the “superficial” spread of doctrines controlling constitutional change may fail to block, and indeed may promote, forms of constitutional change that threaten liberal democratic constitutionalism. It also suggests possibilities for deepening the effectiveness of transnational dialogue on these issues.
How bispectral index compares to spectral entropy of the EEG and A-line ARX index in the same patient
Authors: Tiefenthaler Werner , Colvin Joshua , Steger Bernhard , Pfeiffer Karl P. , Moser Patrizia L. , Walde Janette , Lorenz Ingo H. , Kolbitsch Christian
Published: November 2018

Background

Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring of depth of anesthesia has pioneered the field for more recent monitoring devices like the A-line ARX Index (AAI) or the state (SE) and response entropy (RE) monitoring devices. Following an observational design the present study aimed to simultaneously compare in the same patient recorded BIS, AAI and entropy values.

Methods

Data from patients (n = 32) undergoing minor gynecological operations were analyzed. For all patients, standardized anesthesia was used. Before induction of anesthesia AEP electrodes, BIS and entropy sensors were simultaneously placed on the forehead and recordings were started at 3 minutes before induction and continued until patient transfer to the postanesthesia care unit. Markers were set at defined landmarks.

Results

Anesthesia reduced mean BIS, AAI and entropy values. During uneventful, and even more pronounced, during eventful anesthesia BIS/ entropy and BIS/ AAI values showed better correlation than did AAI and entropy values. The prediction probability (Pk) of AAI (0.824 ± 0.036) and RE (0.786 ± 0.040) or SE (0.781 ± 0.040) for preanesthesia awake, postanesthesia awake or anesthesia was comparable and significantly greater than that of BIS (0.705 ± 0.047). However, only 20% of BIS, AAI and entropy values simultaneously categorized the state of the patient as awake, inadequate anesthesia, optimal anesthesia or deep anesthesia.

Conclusion

The prediction probability (Pk) of entropy and AAI was comparable and better than that of BIS. However, agreement between BIS, AAI and entropy measurements on patient state was poor.
The Wainwright Building:
Authors: Lupkin Paula
Published: November 2018

Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building has long occupied a central place in the history of modern architecture. In The Wainwright Building: Monument of St. Louis's Lager Landscape, Paula Lupkin reexamines the canonical “first skyscraper” as a different type of monument: the symbolic center of St. Louis's “lager landscape.” Viewed through the lenses of patronage and local history, this ten-story structure emerges as the white-collar hub of one of the city's most important cultural and economic forces: brewing. Home to the city's brewery architects and contractors, a brewing consortium, and related real estate and insurance companies, the building, as Ellis Wainwright conceived it, served as the downtown headquarters of the brewing industry. Echoing the brewery stock house as well as cold storage structures and ornamented with motifs of lager's most expensive ingredient, hops, the building's design incorporated both the natural and technological elements of brewing. Analyzing the Wainwright Building as part of a lager landscape adds new dimension and significance to Sullivan's masterpiece.