bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern technologies for the use of bee pollen in the food industry
Authors:   Kuzbass State Agrarian University named after V. N. Poletskov, Miroshina Tatyana A. , Reznichenko Irina Yu. ,   Kuzbass State Agrarian University named after V. N. Poletskov
Published: February 2025

The article provides an overview of the use of bee pollen in the food
industry. It is shown that the basis of its use in human nutrition is its properties and
unique chemical composition. It is proved that the consumption of bee products and
the promotion of their medicinal properties are very important for the formation of
proper eating habits.
Characteristics of wild plant raw materials as a component of the formulation of sugar products
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Gartovannaya Elena A. , Tokar Marina A. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Morozova Alina D. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The article presents studies of the chemical composition of wild berries of the Amur region. The analysis of manufacturers of sugar products, indicating
the composition of these products, in the market of Blagoveshchensk is given. The
possibility of including berries in natural or processed form in the formulation of marmalade products is substantiated.
Signals and Preferences: Experiences of Midwest Family Medicine Residencies
Authors: Harriett Lauren , Anderson Lauren , Wheat Santina J.G. , Prunuske Jacob , Oshman Lauren
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Family medicine implemented program signals and geographic and setting preferences in the 2023–2024 residency application cycle. We performed a qualitative study with the following aims: (a) describe residency program experiences with implementation of signaling and preferences; and (b) identify opportunities for applicants, advisors, residency leadership, and policymakers to optimize these two programs.
Methods: This qualitative study used the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) to guide interviews of family medicine program faculty from the Midwest United States between January and April 2024. We analyzed data using a thematic analysis.
Results: We interviewed 21 faculty members. About half of respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that program signals (10, 48%) and geographic and setting preferences (11, 52%) added value to the current system. We identified four themes: (1) Faculty adopted signals and preferences strategically to complement their existing application review strategies; (2) Signals were perceived as reducing application volume and burden; (3) Signals did not impact diversity and equity, but geographic preferences may benefit community health; (4) Modifications to signals and preferences are recommended to optimize use in family medicine.
Conclusions: Program faculty implemented signals and preferences into holistic review to reduce application review burden. Signals and preferences should support the unique experiences of family medicine residencies and needs for primary care physician workforce development. Future research should focus on refining signals and preferences and their impact on match outcomes and Supplemental Offer and Acceptance Program participation rates.
Considerações Interseccionais na Prática da Comunicação Não-Violenta
Authors: Caroliny Oliveira Nicolau Giovanna , De Assis Pablo
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a aplicação da técnica de Comunicação Não- Violenta (CNV) em contextos interseccionais, considerando questões de raça, classe e gênero. Para isso, o estudo se baseia em uma revisão de literatura com autores como Paulo Freire, bell hooks, Angela Davis e Aime Césaire. A análise aponta que a CNV pode ser limitada por questões sociais e culturais que afetam as relações interpessoais e, assim, apresentar-se como uma técnica que reforça a violência colonizadora. É necessário reconhecer as diferenças entre as pessoas e levar em conta suas experiências sociais para promover uma comunicação mais empática e inclusiva. O estudo inclui a importância da interseccionalidade na prática da comunicação; os desafios para aplicação da técnica em contextos interseccionais; e as possibilidades de transformação social por meio da comunicação descolonizada, que pode ser uma ferramenta importante para promover mudanças sociais significativas, desde que seja aplicada com sensibilidade às questões interseccionais.
 
Palavras-chave: Comunicação Não-Violenta. Capitalismo. Opressão. Interseccionalidade. Colonização.
Desafios e violência institucional
Authors: Amorim Gava Jessica Fernanda , Ribeiro Rafagnin Thiago
Published: February 2025

A falta de condições adequadas nas prisões brasileiras atinge a dignidade humana de todas pessoas em privação de liberdade. No entanto, há determinados grupos que são violentados em maior grau, dentre eles, o das pessoas com útero. A fim de apresentar um diagnóstico da situação carcerária deste grupo, o presente artigo objetiva abordar criticamente o tratamento concedido a ele e apontar a necessidade de se pensar numa estrutura apropriada para receber e atender todas as pessoas. Para isso, partiremos da pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de resgatar e analisar os aspectos sociais, históricos e culturais do papel da pessoa com útero na sociedade, bem como, para analisar a estratégia de dupla punição pelo rompimento do ideal de mulher. Também se demonstrará, com caráter empíro e de forma quali-quantitativa, um levantamento de dados quantitativos sobre a quantidade de pessoas com útero nas prisões brasileiras e outros dados quantitativos relativos às suas singularidades coletados no Sistema de Informações do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional – SISDEPEN, constatando que a violência à qual são submetidas na sociedade são agravadas dentro do cárcere.
 
Palavras-chave: Pessoas com útero. Dignidade humana. Prisões brasileiras. Violência institucional.
Encarceramento de meninas e mulheres na América Latina
Authors: Oliveira dos Anjos Ana Beatriz , Rosa Cycelige , Nelson Gomes  , Rebecka Wanderley Tannuss  , Vanessa Kelly
Published: February 2025

O encarceramento em massa tem impactado brutalmente as mulheres nos últimos 23 anos. Em escala mundial, isto representa um crescimento, nas prisões, de 59% desde 2000. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho configura-se como uma pesquisa documental, cujo objetivo geral é analisar, sob o referencial teórico da Criminologia Crítica, a 5ª Lista de Aprisionamento Mundial Feminino, publicada em 2022. Para tanto, pretende-se: a) problematizar os dados de encarceramento feminino em nível mundial; b) discutir especificamente a temática a partir do contexto latino-americano; c) refletir sobre o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os números de meninas e mulheres nas prisões cresceram, totalizando mais de 740.000 presas mundialmente. Conclui-se que o aprisionamento de mulheres é um problema global, conforme evidenciado pela Lista de Aprisionamento Feminino, fato que justifica o adensamento de pesquisas e políticas públicas voltadas para o seu enfrentamento.
 
Palavras-chave: Criminologia crítica. Prisão. Mulheres. Direitos humanos. América latina.
Dynamic Impact of Foreign Exchange Trading Volume on Foreign Exchange Volatility
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Kang Jong Woo , Cabaero Carlos ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the effect of foreign exchange (FX) trading volume on volatility using high-frequency data.

FX trading volume is a key factor in volatility. Estimation results from econometric models reveal a significant impact of third-party trade volumes on the volatilities of original currency pairs. Though the United States dollar (USD) exerts sizeable effect through third-party channels, currency pairs without USD linkages also have impact, calling renewed attention to using regional cooperation in mitigating volatility as compared with major FX trading partners.
Can creatine kinase levels be an indicator of the need for hemodialysis?
Authors: Kiliç Jehat , Başgöz Bilgin , Alakuş Ömer , Perihan Abdullah , Sert Ali , Bingöl Ferhat , Yildirim Mehmet , Özçaylak Süleyman , Solmaz İhsan , Demir Nizam
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between
changes in creatine kinase (CK) levels and the need for dialysis in patients
with crush syndrome (CS). Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis
of patients with CS who were admitted to our hospital after the earthquake
from February to May of 2023. We recorded demographic and laboratory data of
the patients and divided them into two groups based on the change in CK
levels within 48 hours. The groups were compared based on the need for
dialysis and mortality rates. Results. A total of 84 patients with crush
injuries participated in the study (41 males and 43 females). The average
age was 33.65 ? 13.1 years. Nineteen patients received hemodialysis, and 18
patients underwent fasciotomy due to compartment syndrome. The patients
were divided into two groups, Group 1 consisted of patients with more than a
50% decrease in CK levels within 48 hours, while Group 2 included patients
with a decrease of less than 50% in CK levels during the same period. We
compared the two groups regarding the frequency of dialysis and mortality.
No statistically significant differences were found between the groups (p =
0.328 for dialysis and p = 0.89 for mortality). Conclusion. Although CK is
an important enzyme for diagnosing CS and indicates ongoing muscle damage,
changes in CK levels during follow-up do not reliably predict the need for
dialysis or mortality risk.
Menjelajahi masa depan minyak nabati : implikasi tanaman penghasil minyak - lemak, hutan, prakiraan, dan masa depan
Authors: Meijaard E. , Virah-Sawmy M. , Newing H.S. , Ingram V. , Holle M.J.M. , Pasmans T. , Omar S. , van den Hombergh H. , Unus N. , Fosch A. , Ferraz de Arruda H. , Allen J. , Moreno Y. , O^Keeffe S. , Slavin J. , Slingerland M. , Meijaard E.M. , Macfarlane N.B.W. , Jimenez R. , Wich S.A. , Shell D.
Published: February 2025

The report emphasises the importance of respecting the rights of and supporting smallholder and local oil production systems due to their positive socio-economic outcomes and contribution to food security. The report acknowledges that within each vegetable oil system, there are both good and bad actors and outcomes, and urges for a nuanced perspective. A systemic approach is recommended to effectively address various challenges. The intended audience of this report includes governments, traders, farmers associations, and processors, who all play a crucial role in the realisation of sustainable oil systems.
Title Constructive Play on Early Childhood Mathematics Skills in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wangguway Yustinus , Abineno Fransina O , Yeuw Fince F.
Published: February 2025

Many studies have explored the impact of constructive play on early childhood early math skills and have shown mixed results. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to re-examine the effect of constructive play on early childhood early math skills. This research is a meta-analysis with a quantitative approach. This study involved the results of research from several researchers obtained through google scholar searches from 2014 to 2024 using the PRISMA stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Data analysis in this meta-analysis research uses the help of the OpenMEE application with stages including publication bias test, heterogeneity test, calculating the effect size of each primary study, and making conclusions from the analysis results. The results of the effect size analysis of 22 studies published in a decade showed that constructive play positively contributed to the overall effect size of the studies in the Very Large category with a value of 3.145. In addition, this study explored the types of constructive play and early math skills of the targeted young children. The most effective type of constructive play was the magnetic board with a value of 7.263. Meanwhile, the targeted early math skill was mathematical logical thinking with a score of 8.138. The findings of this research indicate that constructive games provide a more effective influence and should be applied in improving early childhood early math skills.
Content Analysis of Student Learning Videos for Teacher Professional Education Programs Based on Gagne's Learning Theory
Authors: Syahrial  , Asrial  , Sabil Husni , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Nawahdani Ahmad Mansur , Triani Elza , Azzahra Miftahul Zannah
Published: February 2025

Lack of ability in using technology has an impact on learning activities that are less innovative and do not keep up with the times. This research aims to analyze the content of learning videos created by students of the Teacher Professional Education Program based on Gagne's learning theory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through content analysis of learning videos. Data were analyzed using content analysis methods to identify the implementation of Gagne's nine instructional steps in these videos. The analysis results show that most of the videos succeeded in getting students' attention and conveying the learning objectives clearly at the beginning of the video. However, there are shortcomings in stimulating recall of previous knowledge, providing detailed study guides, providing consistent feedback, and conducting final assessments to measure student understanding. This shows the need for further training in applying Gagne's theory so that learning video content is more effective. The conclusion of this research is the importance of integrating strong learning theories in creating learning materials. With the right support and training, Teacher Professional Education Program students can improve the quality and effectiveness of their learning videos, thereby providing greater benefits to students' future learning processes.
Wordwall-Based Educational Games to Stimulate Symbolic Thinking Abilities Child
Authors: Rejabbilaisyah  , Fitri April Yanti  , Nesna Agustriana  , Rendy Wikrama Wardana
Published: February 2025

The cognitive ability to think symbolically is essential for children's development. However, many teachers still need to provide more stimulation to young children's cognitive ability to think symbolically. This research aims to develop Wordwall-based educational game media and test its suitability as a learning medium to stimulate children's symbolic thinking abilities. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the development model from Borg and Gall. The research subjects were learning media experts, learning material experts, and kindergarten teachers. The test subjects, namely the trial, consisted of 9 children. The methods used to collect data are questionnaires and observations. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. The techniques used to analyze data are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results, namely the results of assessments from media experts, material experts, and teacher assessments, obtained a level of validity in the very appropriate category. The results of child observations also show that this word wall-based educational game media effectively stimulates cognitive development for children aged 5-6 years. It was concluded that Wordwall-based educational game media can boost children's symbolic thinking abilities. The implications of the research are to contribute to the field of early childhood education, especially in developing innovative and effective learning methods to stimulate symbolic thinking abilities.
Serial Picture Media Improves Expressive Language Skills and Religious and Moral Values of 4-5 Year Old Children
Authors: Nurhayati Tine  , Sulastya Ningsih  , Sri Wahyuni S. Pongoliu
Published: February 2025

The development of language skills of children aged 4-5 years is still not optimal. This is indicated by children having difficulty expressing ideas, constructing sentences, and using simple language. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the effect of serial images on expressive language skills and instilling values in early childhood ages 4-5 years. The type of research the researcher conducts is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental approach or Quasi-experimental Design. The population of this study was all children in class B aged 4-5 years, totalling 50 people. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling of 20 people, and each class was divided into two groups. Data collection techniques include observation techniques, tests, and documentation of learning outcomes. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire sheet. The research data analysis technique uses inferential statistical analysis. The study results are as follows. First, there is a relationship between serial images and the expressive language skills of early childhood. Second, there is a relationship between expressive language skills and religious and moral values. Third, there is a relationship between serial images and children's ability to draw series and instil religious and ethical values. It is concluded that serial photos can improve children's ability to draw series and instil religious and moral values.
Open Problem Based Geometry Learning E-Module to Strengthen Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: I Ketut Suastika  , Sri Hariyani  , Nurita Primastya
Published: February 2025

Creative thinking is one of the skills that must be developed in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Students' creative thinking skills still need to be developed. This study aims to create an e-module for learning geometry based on open problems to strengthen the creative thinking skills of PGSD students. This type of research is development research with a design using the Ploom stages. The subjects of the study were PGSD students. The subjects of the small group trial were 18 PGSD students. The data collection method was a questionnaire to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, a trial to test the practicality of the developed e-module, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to collect views and input from material and media experts. The research instruments were a questionnaire and an open-problem competency test. The study results showed that the e-module was validated by media experts, with a percentage of 87%. Material experts validated the e-module, and it showed a rate of 93%. The results of the e-module trial analysis showed that 55% of students met the originality aspect, 28% met the fluency requirements, 72% were flexible, and 83% were elaborative. Teachers should consider e-modules to help increase student interest and engagement. The study's conclusion shows that the developed e-module for geometry learning based on open problem-solving meets the requirements of validity and practicality. The implications of creating an e-module for geometry learning based on open problems for education in general are pedagogy, accessibility, and professional development.
Project-Based Science E-Module to Stimulate the Scientific Attitude of Early Children
Authors: Deta Mei Sarah  , Fitri April Yanti  , Melia Eka Daryati  , Rendy Wikrama Wardana
Published: February 2025

The current problem is that science learning is still centered on the teacher, so children's attention needs to be more focused because children are not taught to be directly involved in the science process. This study aims to develop a project-based science e-module to stimulate the scientific attitude of early childhood. The method used in this study is the research and development method with a 4D development model consisting of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The study subjects were learning media experts, learning material experts, and language experts. The subjects of the product trial were 4 IT kindergarten teachers. The data collection method was through a questionnaire. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire sheet. The techniques used to analyze the data were qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study were obtained through expert validation and teacher response questionnaires, with an average result from the material expert validator of 2.94 (Quite Appropriate), an average result from the media expert validator of 3.6 (Appropriate), and an average result from the language validator of 4 (Appropriate). For the results of teacher responses to project-based science e-modules to stimulate scientific attitudes, the average percentage of assessments was 46.528% with the category "Feasible" for use. Based on the feasibility test results, the project-based science e-module to stimulate scientific attitudes of early childhood was declared feasible to be applied as additional teaching materials.
A retórica da China de Xi propondo uma ordem mundial alternativa
Authors: Tomé Luís
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa a retórica, os pressupostos e os fundamentos da ordem mundial alternativa proposta pela China de Xi Jinping, a partir dos seus discursos e documentos oficiais. A primeira parte apresenta e contextualiza essa retórica chinesa, contestando a «ordem liderada pelos Estados Unidos» e tentando criar uma nova baseada na visão «comunidade global de futuro partilhado», bem como na Iniciativa Faixa e Rota e iniciativas globais de Desenvolvimento, de Segurança, de Civilização e de Cooperação sobre Fluxo Transfronteiriço de Dados. A segunda evidencia a retórica chinesa sobre democracia e multilateralismo, e a tentativa de Pequim atrair para a sua visão, em particular, os «países em desenvolvimento» e o «Sul Global». E a terceira caracteriza a ordem mundial «com características chinesas» e salienta algumas questões cruciais em aberto.
Edukasi Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Melalui Pendekatan Literasi Sains bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rahmawati Fitri Puji , Hidayati Yulia Maftuhah , Desstya Anatri , Hidayat Muhammad Taufik , Nisa Choirun , Hastuti Yearla , Indah Tiara , Sarilan Sarilan , Untari Ida
Published: February 2025

Program ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan edukasi berbasis literasi sains dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktik perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, khususnya terkait kebiasaan mencuci tangan dengan sabun di kalangan siswa SDN Jagan 02. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan eksperimen sederhana yang melibatkan siswa secara interaktif melalui media visual seperti poster dan presentasi PowerPoint serta eksperimen mengenai cara mencuci tangan yang benar. Program ini dilakukan pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2024 dan 5 September 2024 dengan melibatkan siswa kelas 3 sebagai peserta didik. Hasil pelaksanaan menunjukkan bahwa sebelum edukasi, mayoritas siswa telah memiliki pengetahuan dasar tentang mencuci tangan, namun pemahaman mereka tentang langkah-langkah yang benar dan durasi mencuci tangan masih rendah. Setelah intervensi edukasi, terjadi peningkatan signifikan, baik dalam pengetahuan maupun sikap siswa. Hasil post-test menunjukkan 90% siswa dapat menjelaskan dengan benar cara mencuci tangan, serta memahami mekanisme sabun dalam menghilangkan kuman. Selain itu, 90% siswa juga mulai menerapkan langkah-langkah mencuci tangan yang benar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sikap positif terhadap perilaku mencuci tangan juga meningkat dari 65% menjadi 90% setelah edukasi. Program ini mengindikasikan bahwa pendekatan literasi sains yang menggabungkan eksperimen sederhana dan media visual efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan kebiasaan hidup bersih dan sehat di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar. Namun, Program ini masih memerlukan pengukuran jangka panjang dan penggunaan kelompok kontrol untuk memastikan keberlanjutan perubahan perilaku. Pendekatan ini dapat dijadikan model untuk program edukasi kesehatan di sekolah-sekolah lain untuk mendukung lingkungan yang lebih sehat dan perkembangan siswa yang optimal.
Implementasi Program Literasi Teknologi untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Digital Siswa di ICC Al Anshar Bahau, Malaysia
Authors: Adhantoro Muhammad Syahriandi , Ula Rifatul , Harefa Maulida , Assifa Nur , Riyanti Rahayu Febri , Purnomo Eko , Islamy Yans Fithratul , Wahyuni Cahyaningtyas Sekar
Published: February 2025

Literasi teknologi merupakan keterampilan esensial bagi siswa di era digital, terutama bagi komunitas imigran yang memiliki keterbatasan akses terhadap pendidikan formal. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi teknologi siswa di ICC Al Anshar Bahau, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, melalui pendekatan yang terstruktur dan interaktif. Metode yang diterapkan meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perencanaan program, pelaksanaan kegiatan, serta evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Hasil analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki keterbatasan dalam memahami konsep keamanan siber, penyaringan informasi, dan etika digital. Sebagai solusi, program ini dirancang dengan modul pelatihan yang mencakup aspek-aspek utama literasi teknologi, diterapkan melalui metode pembelajaran interaktif serta didukung oleh evaluasi berbasis pre-test dan post-test. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman siswa terhadap keamanan digital, verifikasi informasi, dan pemanfaatan teknologi untuk pembelajaran. Program ini memberikan dampak positif dalam membekali siswa dengan keterampilan digital yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi tantangan global. Tindak lanjut dari program ini mencakup pengembangan modul lanjutan serta pembentukan komunitas literasi digital di lingkungan sekolah. Dengan demikian, program ini menjadi model pemberdayaan pendidikan berbasis teknologi bagi komunitas imigran yang menghadapi keterbatasan akses terhadap pendidikan formal.
Detection and identification of fungi causing strawberry wilt disease in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Safni Irda , Simanjuntak Cadrak Perdamenta
Published: February 2025

Strawberry (Fragaria sp.) is primarily grown in temperate and some subtropical countries. With the expansion of fruit commodities in Indonesia, including the introduction of foreign cultivar, strawberry has been increasingly cultivated locally. In North Sumatra, strawberry cultivation, mainly for agritourism, is concentrated in Karo Regency, Berastagi District. This study aimed to detect and identify fungi responsible for wilt disease in strawberry plants across several areas of Berastagi, North Sumatra. This research was conducted from July 2022 to May 2023 at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study followed Koch’s postulates: the pathogen was isolated and purified from symptomatic plants, then inoculated into healthy plants. Infected plants exhibiting the same symptoms as the initial sample were subsequently re-isolated, purified, and identified at the molecular level. The results confirmed that the causal agent of wilt disease in Daulu (Rini Colia Strawberry, Esy Azera Strawberry) and Dolat Raya (Sonakmalela Strawberry, Alea Strawberry, Sembiring Gurky Strawberry) was Fusarium oxysporum.
Penentuan Diagnostic Reference Level Pemeriksaan Thoraks Postero-anterior (PA) dengan Klinis Tuberkulosis
Authors: Irsal Muhammad , Sutoro Shinta Gunawati , Saifudin Saifudin , Amalia Rizki
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic reference level (DRL) based on clinical indication of tuberculosis (TB) in chest postero-anterior (PA) examination is still rare. Therefore, this study is expected to be used as an indicator of radiation dose in the optimization protocol. The research method was retrospective, based on the data of chest PA examination exposure parameters of TB clinical and non-TB clinical patients. The study was conducted in June-October 2024 at Hospital A for clinical TB patients, Hospital B, and Hospital C for non-TB patients. Data on exposure parameters were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics, determination of DRL values was based on the calculation of quartile-2 values, then the DRL value of PA thoracic examination for clinical indications of TB will be compared with the Indonesian national DRL value. The results showed that the DRL value for clinical indications of TB was 0.3 mGy, which is lower than the Indonesian national DRL value. In the future, the determination of the DRL value is based on clinical indications so that the optimization protocol is adjusted to the image quality and the required radiation dose so that the diagnosis will be more accurate and prevent patients from unnecessary exposure.
LITHOLOGY UNITS WANAJAYA AREA AND SURROUNDING, BUAHDUA SUBDISTRICT, SUMEDANG DISTRICT, WEST JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Ganjar Gani Reza Moh , Firmansyah Yusi , Arfiansyah Kurnia , Efendi Tri Septanto , Rodhiya Azzam Robbi
Published: February 2025

The research site is located in Wanajaya Village, Buahdua Subdistrict, Gunung Kidul Regency, West Java Province. Accessibility to the research location using a motorbike. The purpose of this study is to determine the geological conditions of the study area in terms of lithological units and stratigraphic order. The lithological unit of the study area is divided into 4 lithological units, namely the Mudstone Unit, the Andesite Intrusion Unit, the Volcanic Breccia Unit and the Andesite Lava Unit, namely the naming of rock units based on observable physical characteristics, including rock type, uniformity of lithological symptoms and stratigraphic position. The geological history of the first research site in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene time was deposited by the mudstone unit. In the late Pliocene to Pleistocene volcanism activity occurred due to the displacement of the volcanic centre from the south to the centre of Java (Martodjojo, 1984) which caused the formation of the wanajaya fold and continued with the formation of the wanajaya ascending fault. As a result of the weak fault zone, the andesite intrusion unit appeared, which was the beginning of the activity of the old volcano. In Pleistocene time, namely deposition of Volcanic Breccia Unit and continued by the deposition of andesite lava unit due to volcanism activity of Tampomas volcano issued pyroclastic material.
Tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos por vermicompostagem e os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela disposição inadequada desses resíduos em aterros sanitários: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Colombari Filho Daniel , Trevizan Julia Couri , Vellani Cássio Luiz , Ismail Isadora Alves Lovo
Published: February 2025

O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos é um tema de extrema relevância frente ao crescimento populacional, à industrialização e à urbanização em rápida ascensão. A disposição inadequada desses resíduos pode causar impactos ambientais como poluição do ar, solo e água, além de riscos para a saúde humana. Diante do exposto, a vermicompostagem consagra-se como uma opção sustentável e economicamente viável para solucionar este problema. Nesse contexto, o estudo objetivou investigar o cenário mundial do tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos por vermicompostagem e os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela disposição inadequada desses resíduos em aterros sanitários. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com busca de artigos no Portal de Periódicos CAPES e na base de dados PUBMED. Segundo os dados analisados, nota-se uma presença exorbitante de problemas quanto aos resíduos orgânicos, que em viés da sua composição química podem ser facilmente tratados a partir da ação das minhocas, como em casos de lodos industriais, ou até mesmo gerar biofertilizantes, um subproduto presente em 92,3% das pesquisas, reunindo ótimos resultados quanto à composição de macro e micronutrientes.  Logo, os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a vermicompostagem consiste em uma maneira eficiente de manejar resíduos sólidos orgânicos, podendo ser aplicada para a produção de biofertilizante ou para tratamentos de estabilização desses resíduos a fim de reduzir seus potenciais nocivos. A presente revisão é fundamental para o incentivo da utilização da vermicompostagem como indicador de resposta ao despejo e tratamento incorreto dos resíduos orgânicos, consagrando-se como uma maneira de reutilizar e tratar esses resíduos sustentavelmente, atingindo resultados satisfatórios. Desse modo, a vermicompostagem consagra-se como uma forma promissora de mitigar a disposição incorreta de resíduos sólidos orgânicos e reduzir possíveis repercussões negativas ao meio ambiente.
Exploring the causality relationship between bank’s ESG performance and loan portfolio quality in emerging markets
Authors: Nguyen Ngan Bich
Published: February 2025

This study explores the causal relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and loan portfolio quality (LLP) in banks within emerging markets using a Granger causality framework. Analyzing annual data from 153 banks across 12 countries during 2010–2023, the study provides strong evidence of ESG’s predictive power over LLP and key financial indicators, including ROA, NIM, bank size, TIER1 capital adequacy, and GDP growth. Higher ESG scores enhance loan portfolio quality through improved credit risk management, reflecting stronger governance and sustainability-driven operations. ESG also exhibits instantaneous causality, highlighting its immediate impact on loan portfolio quality and financial performance. Conversely, LLP does not Granger-cause ESG but shows instantaneous associations influenced by external factors. These findings emphasize ESG integration as vital for mitigating risk and achieving financial stability in banks. The study advocates proactive ESG adoption in credit risk frameworks and sustainability-incentivizing policies, offering actionable insights for sustainable banking practices.
Antiparasitic Activity of Parbendazole in Critical Tests in Horses
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C.
Published: February 2025

Critical tests were conducted in 11 naturally infected horses to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of parbendazole. Single doses at the rates of 30, 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg of body weight were administered by stomach tube to 1, 4, 2, 2, and 2 horses, respectively.

Parbendazole was active against Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, and small strongyles throughout the range of doses. Generally, small numbers of P equorum were present, but apparently a dose rate higher than 2.5 mg/kg is necessary for complete clearance. Removal of O equi was virtually 100%, even at the 2.5 mg/kg dose rate, although mature forms were present in small numbers. Removal of S vulgaris and S edentatus was 98% to 100% at the largest and smallest dose rates and was somewhat inconsistent, especially of S edentatus, at most intermediate dose rates. Overall removal of small strongyles was good even at smallest dose rate.

Activity was limited or lacking against stomach parasites. Transient diarrhea was observed for 24 to 48 hours after treatment at each dose rate tested.
Detection of Antibody Against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Pigs by Indirect Immunoperoxidase Antibody Test
Authors: Kodama Y. , Ogata M. , Shimizu Y.
Published: February 2025

Immunoperoxidase antibody (ipa) test was developed for detecting antibody against transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus of pigs. The ipa antibody titers in sera collected in the field from 82 pigs were approximately seven times higher than those obtained in a serum-neutralization test. The correlation between the tge antibody concentrations in the ipa and serum neutralization tests was positive (r = + 0.74). The ipa test appears to have the potential for routine laboratory use for serologic diagnosis of tge.
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis: Prevalence of Blood Lymphocyte Nuclear Pockets in Dairy Bulls in the United States and Foreign Countries
Authors: Weber A. , Bingham C. , Pomeroy K. , Dias E.
Published: February 2025

Studies of the incidence of enzootic bovine leukosis-related blood lymphocyte nuclear pockets (lnp) were made of 743 dairy breed bulls in the United States and foreign countries. Statistical evaluation disclosed that the prevalence of these anomalous nuclear forms in the studs observed is significantly greater in the United States than in other countries. In particular, the average percentage of lnp-containing cells in each United States stud is estimated to be more than twice the level found in all but two non-United States studs studied and more than three times the level in the majority (10 of 19) of them. Moreover, United States studs exhibited a higher proportion of lnp-suspicious and -positive cases than almost all of the non-United States studs. We believe this is valid evidence that serves to reinforce the expressed need for a federal surveillance program for enzootic bovine leukosis in the United States.
Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Properties of R Plasmids in Salmonella Isolates of Swine Origin in Japan
Authors: Ishiguro Naotaka , Makino Souichi , Sato Gihei , Hashimoto Kazunori
Published: February 2025

A total of 84 Salmonella isolates of ten serovars from swine in Japan were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and detection of R plasmids. Of these, 58 (69.0%) were resistant to one or more antibiotic(s) such as tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and chloramphenicol; and 38 (65.5%) of the 58 resistance isolates (mainly Salmonella typhimurium isolates) had conjugative R plasmids. Among the 38 conjugative R plasmids, 36 thermosensitive R plasmids carrying tetracycline resistance were Fi− (no fertility inhibition) and belonged to incompatibility group Hl, whereas the R plasmids carrying streptomycin and sulfadimethoxine resistances coexisted in the same host, were Fi+, and were also compatible with the reference R plasmids tested. The epidemiologic significance of R plasmids derived from Salmonella isolates from swine is discussed.
A Relationship Between Degree of Laxity and Synovial Fluid Volume in Coxofemoral Joints of Dogs Predisposed for Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Lust G. , Beilman W. T. , Rendano V. T.
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The nature of the abnormal laxity (instability) in coxofemoral joints of dogs with incipient hip dysplasia was investigated. The normal coxofemoral joint had a synovial fluid volume of about 0.21 ml and a ligamentum capitis femoris (ligament of head of femur) volume of 0.55 ml. These volumes were constant in joints of dogs from 15 weeks to 2 years of age; in dogs younger than 15 weeks, both volumes were smaller.

Mean volumes of the synovial fluid and the ligamentum capitis femoris for normal joints from dogs predisposed for hip dysplasia were 0.19 ± 0.06 ml and 0.58 ± 0.08 ml. For joints (dogs age- and weight-matched) in the early stages of the disease, but without radiographic evidence of subluxation of femoral heads, the respective volumes were 0.50 ± 0.12 ml and 0.72 ± 0.13 ml. In joints with radiographically detectable mild subluxation of femoral heads, these volumes were 0.57 ± 0.19 ml and 0.84 ± 0.12 ml, and in joints with moderate-severe subluxation, 1.37 ± 0.81 ml and 0.99 ± 0.21 ml.

Withdrawing various amounts of synovial fluid (0.2 to 2.1 ml) from excised, but intact, joints resulted in lessened joint laxity. Injection of silicone (2 ml) into excised joints resulted in an increased laxity. Withdrawal of synovial fluid from one severely subluxated joint in situ reduced the degree of subluxation.

Results suggested that in young dogs genetically predisposed for hip dysplasia, increased joint laxity and subluxation of femoral heads were related to increased volume of fluid and ligament in the coxofemoral joint.
Protection of Calves Against Rhinovirus Infection by Nasal Secretion Interferon Induced by Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus
Authors: Cummins Joseph Μ. , Rosenquist Bruce D.
Published: February 2025

Six calves were inoculated intranasally with a vaccinal strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and six calves were given a placebo. All calves were challenge exposed (aerosol) with a bovine rhinovirus 4 days later. Nasal excretion of ibr virus and rhinovirus, interferon concentrations in the nasal secretions (ns), and serum antibody were measured before, and at times after, calves were inoculated.

All calves given ibr virus had detectable interferon in their ns. Four of the calves had interferon in their ns at 24 hours after ibr viral inoculation. All six calves had interferon at 2, 4, and 5 days, and 5 calves continued to have interferon in their ns at 7 days after ibr viral inoculation. Nasal excretion of ibr virus usually persisted longer than did secretion of interferon. Interferon was not detected in the ns of control calves after challenge exposure with rhinovirus. Serum interferon was not detected in any calf.

After rhinovirus challenge, nasal excretion of rhinovirus was detected only one time in one calf given ibr virus. In contrast, rhinovirus excretion was detected in five control calves on at least two consecutive days. Excretion of rhinovirus was detected in 3 control calves at 6 days, in 2 calves at 10 days, and 1 calf at 14 days after rhinovirus inoculation. Clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were not observed in control calves excreting rhinovirus. All of the 12 calves in the experiment had serum antibody against rhinovirus at the time of challenge exposure, but this antibody did not protect against infection of the controls as evidenced by rhinovirus excretion in the ns.
Observations on the Histogenesis of Bovine Ruminal Papillae
Authors: Arias J. L. , Vial E. , Cabrera R.
Published: February 2025

Changes in numbers of epithelial and connective tissue cells, thickness of connective tissue, and height and diameter of papillae were quantitated in fetal and postnatal bovine ruminal mucosa. During fetal development, the height of papillae and number of fibroblasts increased, the diameter of papillary base and thickness of subpapillary and interpapillary connective tissue remained constant, and the numbers of basal and superficial cells of the epithelium decreased. During the first 2 months of postnatal development, the height of papillae and numbers of fibroblasts enclosed in the papillary core decreased, and the diameter of the papillary base and the interpapillary distance increased. In consequence, the increase in connective tissue, rather than its redistribution, was involved in papillary development. The epithelial reorganization appeared to follow the changes occurring in the connective tissue, at least during fetal development.
Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Ticks by Tick Transmission, Animal Inoculation, and Fluorescent Antibody Studies
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Teel Kathleen D. , Hair Jakie A.
Published: February 2025

Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Transstadial transmission of A marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks of both species on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut and salivary gland homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment days 5 and 7. Oral secretions collected from the same group of ticks and inoculated into a susceptible cow did not cause infection. Fluorescent antibody studies of infected tick gut and salivary glands were positive, although smears of tick oral secretions were negative for fluorescence.
Arteriovenous and Arteriocentral Venous Relationships for pH, Pco2, and Actual Bicarbonate in Equine Blood Samples
Authors: Speirs V. C.
Published: February 2025

The relationships between arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous blood for pH, Pco2, and actual bicarbonate were investigated over various acid-base values produced by iv infusions of hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate, by exercise, and by carbon dioxide rebreathing in horses under general anesthesia. The type and extent of the relationships and their usefulness in estimating the acid-base status of blood from venous and central venous blood were established.

There were highly significant straight-line relationships of pH, Pco2, and actual bicarbonate for the arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous comparisons which could not be improved by the use of quadratic expressions. The relationships could be refined in some instances by deriving extra regression equations, using data divided into groups according to the time of collection of the blood sample and the type of experimental procedure, and also by including the venous or central venous values as concomitant variables. Although these procedures were statistically significant, they were complex, and it was shown that there was little practical benefit gained by using regression equations derived from data grouped in this way, as compared with using the common regression equation derived from all the data.

The 95% tolerance limits were sufficiently large to limit the use of the regression equations for estimating single arterial blood values of pH, Pco2, and bicarbonate from venous or central venous blood to situations not requiring high accuracy. The results of the present report indicate that many clinical situations may be in this category, especially if the acid-base status of the horse differs significantly from accepted limits, and that limiting the use of regression equations may be relaxed if more than one type of blood sample is collected.
Experimental Infection of Pigs with a New Porcine Enteric Coronavirus, CV 777
Authors: Debouck P. , Pensaert Μ.
Published: February 2025

Cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived and conventionally reared pigs were orally inoculated with the coronavirus-like agent, CV 777, isolated from an outbreak of epizootic diarrhea in swine of all ages. Viral particles detected by electron microscopy in the feces and intestinal contents of inoculated pigs had the typical coronavirus morphology. The present studies provided further evidence that this coronavirus-like agent is different from the two known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.

The experimental infection of pigs with this new agent resulted in vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. This coronavirus-like agent was shown to replicate in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi but, unlike transmissible gastroenteritis virus, it also replicated in the epithelial cells covering the large intestinal villi.
Effects of Hexachlorethane on the Milk Yields of Dairy Cows in North Florida Infected with Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Randell Wallace F. , Bradley Richard E.
Published: February 2025

Hexachlorethane was evaluated as a fasciolicide in dairy cattle under field conditions. After treatment with hexachlorethane, Fasciola hepatica- infected cows had a significant (P = 0.05) average daily milk yield increase (90 to 120 days after treatment) of + 4.2 kg/day (+ 5.0 kg/day for single treatment and + 4.0 kg/day for double treatment) over daily yields of the previous lactation. Nontreated controls and noninfected treated animals did not have significant gains over yields of the previous lactation.

A 73.0% efficacy was observed against egg production by F hepatica after a single treatment of 90 g of hexachlorethane/animal. After a 2- to 3-month interval, a second treatment produced a combined treatment efficacy against fluke egg production of 91.2%.
Canine Excretory Urogram: Correlation with Base-Line Measurements
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Barber D. L. , Culver D. H. , Prasse K. W. , Thrall D. E. , Lewis R. E.
Published: February 2025

Ten healthy, adult mongrel dogs were each given various dose levels of sodium iothalamate iv, and postinjection radiographs were made. Base-line plasma and urine osmolality, glomerular filtration rate, packed cell volume, plasma protein concentration, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity were measured.

The base-line values and the dose of contrast medium were compared statistically with linear and density measurements made from the post-injection radiographs. Base-line plasma osmolality was directly related to the pyelographic and nephrographic density. The dose of contrast medium directly influenced the kidney length, the kidney, pelvic, diverticular, and ureteral widths, and the renal and diverticular densities despite variations in base-line values within accepted limits.