bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Leakage in Natural Populations of Large-Scale Loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus
Authors: Qi Zixin , Shi Jiaoxu , Yu Yue , Yin Guangmei , Zhou Xiaoyun , Yu Yongyao
Published: August 2024

Animal mitochondrial DNA is usually considered to comply with strict maternal inheritance, and only one mitochondrial DNA haplotype exists in an individual. However, mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the occurrence of more than one mitochondrial haplotype, has recently been reported in some animals, such as mice, mussels, and birds. This study conducted extensive field surveys to obtain representative samples to investigate the existence of paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in natural fish populations. Evidence of paternal mitochondrial DNA leakage of P. dabryanus was discovered using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods. Two distinct mitochondrial haplotypes (16,569 bp for haplotype I and 16,646 bp for haplotype II) were observed, differing by 18.83% in nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analysis suggests divergence between these haplotypes and potential interspecific hybridization with M. anguillicaudatus, leading to paternal leakage. In natural populations of P. dabryanus along the Yangtze River, both haplotypes are present, with Type I being dominant (75% copy number). Expression analysis shows that Type I has higher expression levels of ND3 and ND6 genes compared to Type II, suggesting Type I’s primary role. This discovery of a species with two mitochondrial types provides a model for studying paternal leakage heterogeneity and insights into mitochondrial genome evolution and inheritance.
The Science and Philosophy of the Brain and the Future of Neuroscience
Authors: Keenan Julian Paul
Published: August 2024

The future of neuroscience is epitomized in this Special Issue of Biology, titled “Representations and Distributions of Higher Brain Functions at a Functional, Anatomical, and Neuronal Level” [...]
Enhanced Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Green Spaces through the Application of Fe-Modified Biochar Combined with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria
Authors: Niu Guoyao , He Chiquan , Mao Shaohua , Chen Zongze , Ma Yangyang , Zhu Yi
Published: August 2024

The soil of urban green spaces is severely degraded due to human activities during urbanization, and it is crucial to investigate effective measures that can restore the ecological functions of the soil. This study investigated the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (Bacillus clausii) and Fe-modified biochar on soil fertility increases and mechanisms of carbon sequestration. Additionally, the effects on C-cycling-related enzyme activity and the bacterial community were also explored. Six treatments included no biochar or Bacillus clausii suspension added (CK), only Bacillus clausii suspension (BC), only biochar (B), only Fe-modified biochar (FeB), biochar combined with Bacillus clausii (BBC), and Fe-modified biochar combined with Bacillus clausii (FeBBC). Compared with other treatments, the FeBBC treatment significantly decreased soil pH, alleviated soil alkalization, and increased the alkali-hydro nitrogen content in the soil. Compared to the individual application of FeB and BC, the FeBBC treatment significantly improved aggregates’ stability and positively improved soil fertility and ecological function. Additionally, compared to the individual application of FeB and BC, the soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents for the FeBBC-treated soil increased by 28.46~113.52%, 66.99~434.72%, and 7.34~10.04%, respectively. In the FeBBC treatment, FeB can improve soil physicochemical properties and provide bacterial attachment sites, increase the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities, and promote the uniform distribution of carbon-related bacteria in the soil. Compared to a single ecological restoration method, FeBBC treatment can improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration, providing important reference values for urban green space soil ecological restoration.
Angiotensin II as a Vasopressor for Perioperative Hypotension in Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Benken Scott T. , Thomas Riya , Fraidenburg Dustin R. , Benken Jamie J.
Published: August 2024

During the perioperative period of transplantation, patients experience hypotension secondary to the side effects of anesthesia, surgical stress, inflammatory triggering, and intraoperative fluid shifts, among others causes. Vasopressor support, in this context, must reverse systemic hypotension, but ideally, the agents used should benefit allograft function and avoid the adverse events commonly seen after transplantation. Traditional therapies to reverse hypotension include catecholamine vasopressors (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine), but their utility is limited when considering allograft complications and adverse events such as arrhythmias with agents with beta-adrenergic properties. Synthetic angiotensin II (AT2S–[Giapreza]) is a novel vasopressor indicated for distributive shock with a unique mechanism of action as an angiotensin receptor agonist restoring balance to an often-disrupted renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Additionally, AT2S provides a balanced afferent and efferent arteriole vasoconstriction at the level of the kidney and could avoid the arrhythmic complications of a beta-adrenergic agonist. While the data, to date, are limited, AT2S has demonstrated safety in case reports, pilot studies, and small series in the kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplant populations. There are physiologic and hemodynamic reasons why AT2S could be a more utilized agent in these populations, but further investigation is warranted.
A Novel Model of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Rats with Femoral Cannulation and Insights into Hemodynamic Changes
Authors: Edinger Fabian , Zajonz Thomas , Mayer Nico , Schmidt Götz , Schneck Emmanuel , Sander Michael , Koch Christian
Published: August 2024

The application of venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has gained wide acceptance for the treatment of acute severe respiratory failure. Since no rat model of VV ECMO therapy with femoral drainage has yet been described, although this cannulation strategy is commonly used in humans, this study aimed to establish such a model. Twenty male Lewis rats were randomly assigned to receive a sham procedure or VV ECMO therapy. After the inhalative induction of anesthesia, animals were intubated and the vascular accesses were placed surgically. While venous drainage was achieved through a modified multi-orifice 18 G cannula that was placed in the inferior vena cava through the femoral vein over a guide wire with an ultra-flexible tip, the venous return was realized via a shortened 20 G cannula into the jugular vein. Hemodynamic data were obtained from a tail artery and left ventricular pressure–volume catheter. Repetitive blood gas analyses were carried out, and systemic inflammation was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While animals in the ECMO group showed adequate oxygenation and decarboxylation, there was no evidence of recirculation. VV ECMO therapy increased stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). ECMO-induced inflammation was reflected in increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha. However, no differences in interleukins 6 and 10 were seen. This study describes a frequently used cannulation strategy in humans for a rat model of VV ECMO. Despite successful oxygenation and decarboxylation, the oxygenated blood may reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and lead to an increased LVEDV, which is associated with increased SV and CO. This model allows us to answer research questions about topics such as intestinal microcirculation in further studies.
Current Non-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Gawel Agata M. , Betkowska Anna , Gajda Ewa , Godlewska Marlena , Gawel Damian
Published: August 2024

The increase in the variety of nano-based tools offers new possibilities to approach the therapy of poorly treatable tumors, which includes glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; a primary brain tumor). The available nanocomplexes exhibit great potential as vehicles for the targeted delivery of anti-GBM compounds, including chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and inhibitors. The main advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) include improved drug stability, increased penetration of the blood–brain barrier, and better precision of tumor targeting. Importantly, alongside their drug-delivery ability, NPs may also present theranostic properties, including applications for targeted imaging or photothermal therapy of malignant brain cells. The available NPs can be classified into two categories according to their core, which can be metal or non-metal based. Among non-metal NPs, the most studied in regard to GBM treatment are exosomes, liposomes, cubosomes, polymeric NPs, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, carbon nanotubes, and silica- and selenium-based NPs. They are characterized by satisfactory stability and biocompatibility, limited toxicity, and high accumulation in the targeted tumor tissue. Moreover, they can be easily functionalized for the improved delivery of their cargo to GBM cells. Therefore, the non-metal NPs discussed here, offer a promising approach to improving the treatment outcomes of aggressive GBM tumors.
The Impact of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in Children: A Nephrological, Nutritional, and Psychological Point of View
Authors: Guarnaroli Matteo , Padoan Flavia , Fava Cristiano , Benetti Maria Giulia , Brugnara Milena , Pietrobelli Angelo , Piacentini Giorgio , Pecoraro Luca
Published: August 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by the formation of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, leading to progressive renal failure and various extrarenal complications, including hypertension. This review explores the genetic basis of ADPKD, including emerging evidence of epigenetic mechanisms in modulating gene expression and disease progression in ADPKD. Furthermore, it proposes to examine the pathological characteristics of this condition at the nephrological, cardiovascular, nutritional, and psychological levels, emphasizing that the follow-up of patients with ADPKD should be multidisciplinary from a young pediatric age.
New Perspectives for Spinal Cord Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease-Associated Gait Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seufert Christian G. , Borutta Matthias C. , Regensburger Martin , Zhao Yining , Kinfe Thomas
Published: August 2024

Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder manifesting itself as a hypokinetic movement impairment with postural instability and gait disturbance. In case of failure and/or limited response, deep brain stimulation has been established as an alternative and effective treatment modality. However, a subset of PD patients with gait impairment represents a therapeutic challenge. A systematic review (2000–2023) was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to determine the efficacy, stimulation waveform/parameters, spine level, and outcome measures of spinal cord stimulation using different waveforms in PD patients with and without chronic pain. Spinal cord stimulation responsiveness was assessed within the pre-defined follow-up period in three groups (short-term follow-up = 0–3 months; intermediate follow-up = 3–12 months; and long-term follow-up = more than 12 months). In addition, we briefly outline alternative neurostimulation therapies and the most recent developments in closed-loop spinal cord stimulation relevant to PD. In summary, 18 publications and 70 patients from uncontrolled observational trials were included, with low-quality evidence and conflicting findings. First and foremost, the currently available data do not support the use of spinal cord stimulation to treat PD-related gait disorders but have confirmed its usefulness for PD-associated chronic pain.
Revisiting the Immunometabolic Basis for the Metabolic Syndrome from an Immunonutritional View
Authors: Apaza César Jeri , Cerezo Juan Francisco , García-Tejedor Aurora , Giménez-Bastida Juan Antonio , Laparra-Llopis José Moisés
Published: August 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) implies different conditions where insulin resistance constitutes a major hallmark of the disease. The disease incurs a high risk for the development of cardiovascular complications, and takes its toll in regard to the gut–liver axis (pancreas, primary liver and colorectal)-associated immunity. The modulation of immunometabolic responses by immunonutritional factors (IFs) has emerged as a key determinant of the gut–liver axis’ metabolic and immune health. IFs from plant seeds have shown in vitro and pre-clinical effectiveness primarily in dealing with various immunometabolic and inflammatory diseases. Only recently have immunonutritional studies established the engagement of innate intestinal immunity to effectively control immune alterations in inflamed livers preceding the major features of the MetS. However, integrative analyses and the demonstration of causality between IFs and specific gut–liver axis-associated immunometabolic imbalances for the MetS remain ill-defined in the field. Herein, a better understanding of the IFs with a significant role in the MetS, as well as within the dynamic interplay in the functional differentiation of innate immune key effectors (i.e., monocytes/macrophages), worsening or improving the disease, could be of crucial relevance. The development of an adequate intermediary phenotype of these cells can significantly contribute to maintaining the function of Tregs and innate lymphoid cells for the prevention and treatment of MetS and associated comorbidities.
Serum Adiponectin Levels Increase in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Correlate with Patients’ Outcomes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zaharia Andrei-Lucian , Oprea Violeta Diana , Coadă Camelia Alexandra , Tănase Claudiu Elisei , Ionescu Ana-Maria , Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Mihailov Raul , Tutunaru Dana , Lungu Mihaiela
Published: August 2024

Stroke is a leading cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Rapid diagnosis is critical to ensure the timely administration of medical treatment. Given that in some cases CT scans fail to show the classic clinical signs of stroke, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of adiponectin levels and their association with the clinical parameters of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Adiponectin was measured within 24 h (T1) and 48 h (T2) of AIS onset in 70 patients. A total of 68 control cases were included in the study. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the AIS patients than in the controls (16.64 (3.79; 16.69) vs. 3.78 (3.79; 16.69); p < 0.001), with an accuracy of 0.98 (AUC = 0.99). Lower levels were seen in males and in AIS patients with obesity. Higher levels of adiponectin at T1 were associated with a moderate/severe NIHSS score at patient discharge. Moreover, higher levels of borderline significance were seen in patients who died within 12 months of their AIS episode (p = 0.054). Adiponectin may be a useful biomarker for the identification of AIS patients who do not present classic CT signs and could be used to stratify severe cases. Further studies are needed to validate these results.
Upper Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Wierciak-Rokowska Agnieszka , Sliwka Agnieszka , Maga Mikolaj , Gajda Mateusz , Bogucka Katarzyna , Kaczmarczyk Pawel , Maga Pawel
Published: August 2024

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is recognised in approximately 8% of the population. Vascular presentation is rare and diagnosis is often elusive due to its rarity. As episodes of TOS in the upper extremities are rare, proven protocols for rehabilitation management are lacking. The purpose of our article is to present a clinical examination protocol and a treatment protocol for patients after an episode of venous thrombosis in the upper limb (VTOS). We report the case of a middle-aged woman with right venous TOS with pain in the right upper extremity, accompanied by oedema and mild violet discolouration. The results after 10 sessions of physiotherapy were as follows: a reduction in symptoms of approximately 40%, an improvement of approximately 15% in sports performance, and an improvement of approximately 25% in work. There was also an improvement in the results of TOS provocation tests, i.e., a 50–100% improvement in pulse rate and about 30% less discolouration in the extremity. Additionally, there was a significant improvement in posture between the two sides of the upper quadrant. The results after 10 physiotherapy sessions are surprising due to chronic disease after the thrombosis episode. It appears that even after a long period of time since diagnosis, improvement is possible.
Exploring the Role of Hormones and Cytokines in Osteoporosis Development
Authors: Umur Egemen , Bulut Safiye Betül , Yiğit Pelin , Bayrak Emirhan , Arkan Yaren , Arslan Fahriye , Baysoy Engin , Kaleli-Can Gizem , Ayan Bugra
Published: August 2024

The disease of osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone structure and an increased risk of fractures. There is a significant impact of cytokines and hormones on bone homeostasis and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is defined as having a bone mineral density (BMD) that is 2.5 standard deviations (SD) or more below the average for young and healthy women (T score < −2.5 SD). Cytokines and hormones, particularly in the remodeling of bone between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, control the differentiation and activation of bone cells through cytokine networks and signaling pathways like the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/the receptor of RANKL (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis, while estrogen, parathyroid hormones, testosterone, and calcitonin influence bone density and play significant roles in the treatment of osteoporosis. This review aims to examine the roles of cytokines and hormones in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, evaluating current diagnostic methods, and highlighting new technologies that could help for early detection and treatment of osteoporosis.
Dropped Head Syndrome: The Importance of Neurophysiology in Distinguishing Myasthenia Gravis from Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mangiardi Marilena , Magliozzi Alessandro , Colosimo Carlo , Marsili Luca
Published: August 2024

Dropped head syndrome (DHS) is characterized by severe forward flexion of the cervical spine due to an imbalance in neck muscle tone. This condition can be linked to various neuromuscular diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG). On the other hand, Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients may show a clinically indistinguishable picture named antecollis, which is caused by increased axial tone, but without muscle weakness. Differentiating between DHS and antecollis is crucial due to their distinct treatment requirements. We present the case of a 71-year-old White male with a one-month history of severe neck flexion, mild dysphagia, and dysphonia. His medical history included diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, and mild cervical spondylosis. Neurological examination revealed features of Parkinsonism, including hypomimia, asymmetric rigidity, and reduced arm swing. There was significant weakness in his neck extensor muscles, with no signs of ptosis or diplopia. Brain/spine MRI scans were unremarkable, but electromyography showed a reduced compound muscle action potentials amplitude in repetitive nerve stimulation, consistent with MG. High-titer acetylcholine receptor antibodies confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with pyridostigmine (60 to 120 mg/day) and plasma exchange (daily, for five consecutive days) improved the patient’s general condition and neck posture. Concurrently, the patient was diagnosed with PD based on established clinical criteria and improved with carbidopa/levodopa therapy (up to 150/600 mg/daily). This case highlights the rare co-occurrence of MG and PD, emphasizing the need for thorough clinical, neurophysiological, and laboratory evaluations in complex DHS presentations. Managing MG’s life-threatening aspects and addressing PD symptoms requires a tailored approach, showcasing the critical role of neurophysiology in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Enhancing Road Safety: Fast and Accurate Noncontact Driver HRV Detection Based on Huber–Kalman and Autocorrelation Algorithms
Authors: Luo Yunlong , Yang Yang , Ma Yanbo , Huang Runhe , Qi Alex , Ma Muxin , Qi Yihong
Published: August 2024

Enhancing road safety by monitoring a driver’s physical condition is critical in both conventional and autonomous driving contexts. Our research focuses on a wireless intelligent sensor system that utilizes millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar to monitor heart rate variability (HRV) in drivers. By assessing HRV, the system can detect early signs of drowsiness and sudden medical emergencies, such as heart attacks, thereby preventing accidents. This is particularly vital for fully self-driving (FSD) systems, as it ensures control is not transferred to an impaired driver. The proposed system employs a 60 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar placed behind the driver’s seat. This article mainly describes how advanced signal processing methods, including the Huber–Kalman filtering algorithm, are applied to mitigate the impact of respiration on heart rate detection. Additionally, the autocorrelation algorithm enables fast detection of vital signs. Intensive experiments demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in accurately monitoring HRV, highlighting its potential to enhance safety and reliability in both traditional and autonomous driving environments.
Particulate 3D Hydrogels of Silk Fibroin-Pluronic to Deliver Curcumin for Infection-Free Wound Healing
Authors: Khodaei Azin , Johari Narges , Jahanmard Fatemeh , Cecotto Leonardo , Khosravimelal Sadjad , Madaah Hosseini Hamid Reza , Bagheri Reza , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Amin Yavari Saber
Published: August 2024

Skin is the largest protective tissue of the body and is at risk of damage. Hence, the design and development of wound dressing materials is key for tissue repair and regeneration. Although silk fibroin is a known biopolymer in tissue engineering, its degradation rate is not correlated with wound closure rate. To address this disadvantage, we mimicked the hierarchical structure of skin and also provided antibacterial properties; a hydrogel with globular structure consisting of silk fibroin, pluronic F127, and curcumin was developed. In this regard, the effect of pluronic and curcumin on the structural and mechanical properties of the hydrogel was studied. The results showed that curcumin affected the particle size, crystallinity, and ultimate elongation of the hydrogels. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel containing curcumin is not cytotoxic while the diffused curcumin and pluronic provided a considerable bactericidal property against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, presence of pluronic caused more than a 99% reduction in planktonic and adherent bacteria in the curcumin-free hydrogel groups. Moreover, curcumin improved this number further and inhibited bacteria adhesion to prevent biofilm formation. Overall, the developed hydrogel showed the potential to be used for skin tissue regeneration.
Enhancing Open BIM Interoperability: Automated Generation of a Structural Model from an Architectural Model
Authors: Singh Tandeep , Mahmoodian Mojtaba , Wang Shasha
Published: August 2024

Building information modelling (BIM) is an appreciated technology in the field of architecture and construction management. Collaboration of information in BIM has not been fully utilized in the structural engineering stream as many engineers keep on working with previous prevailing design approaches. Failure to adequately facilitate automation in design could lead to structural defects, construction rework, or even structural clashes, with major financial implications. Given the inherent complexity of large-scale construction projects, the ‘manual design and detailing’ of structure is a challenging task and prone to human errors. Against this backdrop, this study developed a 4D building information management approach to facilitate automated structural models for professionals designing all the elements required in reinforced concrete (RC) structures like slabs, beams, and columns. The main contribution of this study is to obtain structural models directly from architecture models automatically, which reduces effort and possible errors in the previous prevailing approaches. The framework enables execution of all the model design works automatically through coding. This is achieved by executing a script which is beneficial for integrated project delivery (IPD). The 3D structural model in BIM software presented in this study extracts and transfers the geometrical data and links these data in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) files using integration facilitated by Python 3.6 and IFCopenshell. The developed automated programme framework offers a cost-effective and accurate methodology to address the limitations and inefficiencies of traditional methods of structural modelling, which had been carried out manually. The authors have developed a novel tool to extract structural models from architectural models without proprietary software, greatly benefiting BIM managers by enhancing 3D BIM models. This advancement toward Open BIM, crucial for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry’s future, is accessible to educators and beginners and highlights BIM’s effectiveness in improving structural analysis and productivity. The core finding of this study is to generate a structural model from an architecture model by automating the script with Python integration of IFC and IFCopenshell. The merits of the developed framework are reduced clashes, more economical structural modelling, and fully automated smart work as functions of the IPD.
A Study on the Cascade Evolution Mechanism of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behavior Risk Factors
Authors: Luo Xin , Tang Yanjuan , Zhou Jun , Wang Mingru , Tian Yong
Published: August 2024

There are numerous risk factors across various dimensions that lead to unsafe behaviors among construction workers, and the interactions between these factors are complex and intertwined. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively explore the mechanisms of these risk factors across all dimensions to reduce the accident rate. This paper combines cascading failure and entropy flow models to construct a cascading trigger model for identifying key nodes and paths in a risk network. First, this paper identifies the risk factors in the individual, organizational, managerial, and environmental dimensions, dividing them into deep and surface factors. Based on this, a risk network is constructed, and cascading failure is introduced to simulate the dynamic evolution of risks. Then, the entropy flow model is introduced to quantify the risk flow in risk propagation. Finally, to address the uncertainty of risk occurrence, Visual Studio Code is used for coding, and a simulation platform is built using JavaScript. After conducting simulation experiments, the results are statistically analyzed. The results show that the key nodes of deep factors are mainly concentrated in the individual dimension (herd mentality, negative emotions, physical fatigue, fluke mindset), organizational dimension (poor cohesion, poor internal communication), and managerial dimension (abusive leadership style and insufficient/low-quality safety education and training); the surface factors are mainly the poor safety climate in the organizational dimension. The findings provide theoretical support for reducing the accident rate caused by unsafe worker behaviors, aiming to reduce accident risk losses by cutting off risk propagation paths.
Empowering beyond Pain: Pain Neuroscience Education Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivorship Care
Authors: Balordi Marco , Tiberio Paola , Castaldo Matteo , Viganò Alessandro , Jacobs Flavia , Zambelli Alberto , Santoro Armando , De Sanctis Rita
Published: August 2024

Chronic pain is a common consequence of breast cancer (BC) and its treatments. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a non-pharmacological intervention that adopts a biopsychosocial approach and has already been proven to be effective for different chronic pain syndromes. The present review aims to critically assess clinical trials comparing the efficacy of PNE to traditional biomedical education (BME) in reducing BC-related pain and improving quality of life. We conducted a literature search in scientific databases, including all studies regarding PNE use specifically for BC-related pain. Ongoing randomized controlled and observational studies were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov and congress proceedings. A total of eight clinical trials met the review criteria. The participants were all administered physical therapy and assigned to receive either BME or PNE interventions. Among the completed clinical studies, one reported no statistically relevant differences between the two groups, whereas the other showed lower levels of pain-related indexes in the PNE population compared to the BME one. While the current literature is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of PNE for managing BC pain, we strongly support the need for further trials, as PNE could empower BC patients in both prevention of and coping with pain, offering the advantage of having no side effects.
Progression of Femoral Osteolytic Metastases after Intramedullary Nailing and Subsequent Salvage Techniques
Authors: Jiang Will , Latich Igor , Lindskog Dieter , Friedlaender Gary , Lee Francis Y.
Published: August 2024

Intramedullary nailing insertion from the proximal-to-distal femur is frequently performed for impending and complete pathological femur fractures due to osteolytic metastases. After nailing through cancer-laden bone, residual chemotherapy- and/or radiation-resistant tumor may progress. Progression of osteolysis risks future nail failure or pathological fractures. This study assesses the incidence of cancer progression following intramedullary nailing in a femur-only cohort and describes a percutaneous rod-retaining salvage technique. A single-institution, retrospective study was conducted to identify adult patients who underwent intramedullary nailing for femoral osteolytic lesions for complete or impending nail failure from 2016 to 2023. Progression was defined as enlargement of the pre-existing lesion and/or appearance of new lesions on radiographs. Surgical outcomes were assessed with a combined pain and functional score. A total of 113 patients (median age 66.8 years (IQR = 16.4); median follow-up 6.0 months (IQR = 14.5)) underwent intramedullary nailing. Sixteen patients (14.2%) exhibited post-nailing cancer progression. Pre- and postoperative radiation and chemotherapy did not decrease the odds of cancer progression. Three patients underwent initial open surgical salvage consisting of proximal femur replacement arthroplasty, and six patients did not receive salvage due to poor surgical candidacy or patient choice. Seven patients (median follow-up 10.7 months (IQR = 12.9)) received percutaneous salvage. In this group, pain and functional scores improved by 4.0 points (p = 0.0078) at two-week postoperative follow-up and 2.0 points (p = 0.0312) at the most recent follow-up (mean follow-up 13.0 ± 9.4 months). All three nonambulatory patients became ambulatory, and six patients were able to ambulate independently without walking aids. No major complications were reported 30 days postoperatively. Progression of femoral osteolytic metastases may occur following intramedullary nailing. Continued monitoring of the entire femur is needed to maintain improved functional status and to prevent catastrophic progression of pre-existing lesions or appearance of new lesions. In patients with more proximal metastases only, the customary practice of bringing a long nail from the proximal femur to distal metaphysis should be reconsidered. Furthermore, there is concern of mechanical transport of cancer cells during guide wire insertion, reaming, and rod insertion through cancer laden bone to cancer free distal bone.
Lactate Oxidase Disrupts Lactate-Activated RAS and PI3K Oncogenic Signaling
Authors: Keller Chandler R. , Martinez Steve R. , Keltz Alexys , Chen Michelle , Li Weimin
Published: August 2024

LOX was recently shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. The mechanism of this inhibition, however, has been exclusively attributed to LOX depletion of TME lactate, a cancer cell energy source, and production of H2O2, an oxidative stressor. We report that TME lactate triggers the assembly of the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1)-associated protein complex, which includes GRB2, SOS1, KRAS, GAB1, and PI3K, for the activation of both the RAS and the PI3K oncogenic signaling pathways in breast cancer (BCa) cells. LOX treatment decreased the levels of the proteins in the protein complex via induction of their proteasomal degradation. In addition, LOX inhibited lactate-stimulated expression of the lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4. Our data suggest that HCAR1 activation by lactate is crucial for the assembly and function of the RAS and PI3K signaling nexus. Shutting down lactate signaling by disrupting this nexus could be detrimental to cancer cells. HCAR1 is therefore a promising target for the control of the RAS and the PI3K signaling required for BCa progression. Thus, our study provides insights into lactate signaling regulation of cancer progression and extends our understanding of LOX’s functional mechanisms that are fundamental for exploring its therapeutic potential.
Utility of Transpapillary Biopsy and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition for Comprehensive Genome Profiling of Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Fukuda Soma , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Yamashige Daiki , Agarie Daiki , Hagiwara Yuya , Okamoto Kohei , Yagi Shin , Komori Yasuhiro , Kuwada Masaru , Maruki Yuta , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Hideki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Okusaka Takuji
Published: August 2024

Tissue sampling in biliary tract cancer (BTC) is generally performed through transpapillary biopsy (TPB) or endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA). For the first time, we compared the suitability of specimens obtained using TPB and EUS-TA to determine the optimal tissue-sampling method for comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) analysis in patients with unresectable BTC (UR-BTC). Pathology precheck criteria for CGP analysis comprised the OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel System (NCCOP) and FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx). Seventy-eight patients with UR-BTC (35 TPB and 43 EUS-TA) were included. The NCCOP analysis suitability achievement rate was higher in EUS-TA specimens than in TPB specimens (34.9% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.007), whereas that of F1CDx was 0% in both groups. EUS-TA was identified as an independent factor that contributed to the suitability of the NCCOP analysis. The suitability of the NCCOP analysis of EUS-TA specimens showed a tendency to be higher for mass lesions (43.8% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.065), especially for target size ≥ 18.5 mm, and lower for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (0% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.077). In TPB, papillary-type lesions (66.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.016) and peroral cholangioscopy-assisted biopsies (50.0% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.029) showed better potential for successful NCCOP analysis. EUS-TA is suitable for NCCOP analysis in UR-BTC and may be partially complemented by TPB.
Correction: Li et al. TRIM10 Is Downregulated in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Plays a Tumor Suppressive Role via Regulating NF-κB Pathway. Cancers 2023, 15, 417
Authors: Li Lin , Li Qi , Zou Zhengrong , Huang Zoufang , Chen Yijian
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
The Impact of Polymerization Atmosphere on the Microstructure and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Doped g-C3N4 Nanosheets
Authors: Peng Xiaoyu , Chen Xiufang , Pang Rui , Cheng Lanlan , Chen Fengtao , Lu Wangyang
Published: August 2024

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS, SO52−)-based oxidation is an efficient pathway for degrading organic pollutants, but it still suffers from slow degradation efficiency and low PMS utilization. In this work, we report the preparation of porous Fe-doped g-C3N4 catalysts by one-step thermal polymerization using urea and transition metal salts as precursors and investigate the effect of atmosphere conditions (air and nitrogen) on the catalytic performance. Systematic characterizations show that Fe-doped g-C3N4 prepared in air (FeNx-CNO) has a larger specific surface area (136.2 m2 g−1) and more oxygen vacancies than that prepared in N2 (FeNx-CNN, 74.2 m2 g−1), giving it more active sites to participate in the reaction. Meanwhile, FeNx-CNO inhibits the recombination of photogenerated carriers and improves the light utilization. The redox cycling of Fe(III) and Fe(II) species in the photocatalytic system ensures the continuous generation of SO5•− and SO4•−. Therefore, FeNx-CNO can remove CBZ up to 96% within 20 min, which is 3.4 times higher than that of CNO and 3.1 times higher than that of FeNx-CNN, and the degradation efficiency can still retain 93% after 10 cycles of reaction. This study provides an economical and efficient method for photocatalysis in the degradation of medicines in contaminated water.
The Untapped Biomarker Potential of MicroRNAs for Health Risk–Benefit Analysis of Vaping vs. Smoking
Authors: Besaratinia Ahmad , Tommasi Stella
Published: August 2024

Despite the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) among adolescent never-smokers and adult smokers seeking a less pernicious substitute for tobacco cigarettes, the long-term health impact of vaping is largely unknown. Like cigarette smoke, e-cig vapor contains harmful and potentially harmful compounds, although in fewer numbers and at substantially lower concentrations. Many of the same constituents of e-cig vapor and cigarette smoke induce epigenetic changes that can lead to the dysregulation of disease-related genes. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in health and disease states. Extensive research has shown that miRNAs play a prominent role in the regulation of genes involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases. However, the use of miRNAs for investigating the disease-causing potential of vaping has not been fully explored. This review article provides an overview of e-cigs as a highly consequential electronic nicotine delivery system, describes trends in e-cig use among adolescents and adults, and discusses the ongoing debate on the public health impact of vaping. Highlighting the significance of miRNAs in cell biology and disease, it summarizes the published and ongoing research on miRNAs in relation to gene regulation and disease pathogenesis in e-cig users and in vitro experimental settings. It identifies gaps in knowledge and priorities for future research while underscoring the need for empirical evidence that can inform the regulation of tobacco products to protect youth and promote public health.
Integrated Application of Risk Management Techniques in Developing an Analysis Method for Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of a Percolation Solution for Xiaochaihu Capsules
Authors: Zhao Mintong , Tai Yanni , Wu Gelin , Ding Feng , Qu Haibin , Gong Xingchu
Published: August 2024

Risk management should run through the entire process of method development, utilization, and maintenance. Based on the analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept, various integrated risk management techniques were used in this study to develop an analysis method for the percolation solution of Xiaochaihu capsules. During the development of the analysis method, risk assessment was conducted using an Ishikawa diagram and failure mode effects analysis, followed by method optimization using experimental design. The probability of nonconformance calculated via an exhaustive Monte Carlo method quantitatively characterized the risk magnitude of method parameter failures, leading to the establishment of a operable design region method based on risk magnitude. Validation experiments and robustness tests of the data were utilized for model refinement and initial risk review. Methodological validation of the developed method was performed, and control strategies for the analysis method were presented through a decision tree. Stability experiments demonstrated that the samples remained stable at 4 °C for 24 h. The average recovery rate fell between 98.8% and 105%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.73% to 4.48%. The results showed that the established analysis method exhibited robustness. This analysis method can simultaneously determine the contents of uridine, adenine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and guanosine. This method can also be employed for process control during percolation. This study integrated various risk management techniques to develop and maintain the analysis method, and this approach can potentially be extended to other analytical methods.
Is Climate Change Worry Fostering Young Italian Adults’ Psychological Distress? An Italian Exploratory Study on the Mediation Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Future Anxiety
Authors: Regnoli Giorgio Maria , Tiano Gioia , De Rosa Barbara
Published: August 2024

Climate Change is a phenomenon that has been increasingly investigated in the literature from a psychological perspective for its impact on mental health, particularly that of young adults who, already affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, are highly worried about it. Despite this, few studies have been conducted in the Mediterranean region, especially in southern Italy, and little consideration has been given to the role of other variables in the relationship between environmental emotions and mental health. The present study aims to explore the relationship between Climate Change Worry and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a sample of 283 Italian young adults (age range 18–25; M = 21.3; SD = 1.7) from Southern Italy (91% from Campania), examining the mediating effect that Intolerance of Uncertainty and Future Anxiety have on the target. At the same time, it endeavors to explore the joint effect of the two mediators in the relationship between Climate Change Worry and Psychological Distress. Findings highlighted that Climate Change Worry had a significant positive effect on Anxiety and Stress levels and positively influenced Intolerance of Uncertainty and Future Anxiety; the latter two also increased the impact of Climate Change Worry on Psychological Distress, acting as vulnerability factors in all parallel mediation models performed and, specifically, in the fully mediated Depression model. Furthermore, the findings of the serial model corroborated the joint effect of the two mediators and highlighted how young adults with higher levels of Climate Change Worry experienced more Intolerance of Uncertainty, which positively influenced Future Anxiety levels and, in turn, exacerbated the Global Psychological Distress. Finally, levels of Psychological Distress, Climate Change Worry, and Future Anxiety were significantly higher in women. To conclude, exploring the indirect pathways through which negative environmental emotions affect Psychological Distress seems to be a fertile research area to study in more depth the impact of the climate crisis on new generations.
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Process Parameters on Temperature Distribution and Cladding-Layer Height in Laser Cladding
Authors: Deng Chenyun , Zhu Yingxia , Chen Wei
Published: August 2024

To delve into the effects of process parameters on temperature distribution and cladding-layer height in laser cladding, as well as the interaction between these two aspects, a thermal–fluid coupling numerical model was established considering process parameters (i.e., laser power and scanning velocity), the Marangoni effect, molten pool dynamics, and solid–liquid transition. The numerical findings indicate that the Marangoni effect is the main factor for the growth of the cladding layer. The cladding-layer height increasingly influences heat-transfer efficiency as it develops. Higher laser power or lower scanning velocity, or a combination of both, can lead to higher cladding temperatures and greater cladding-layer height. Under the combination of laser power of 1750 W and scanning velocity of 4 mm/s, the numerical simulation predicts a cladding-layer height of 1.12 mm, which closely aligns with the experimentally determined height of 1.11 mm. Additionally, the comprehensive error being below 5% demonstrates the model’s considerable instructional value for practical applications.
Numerical Method for Predicting Transient Aerodynamic Heating in Hemispherical Domes
Authors: Gözükara Arif Cem , Ceylan Uygar Ateş
Published: August 2024

In this research, a streamlined numerical approach designed for the quick estimation of temperature profiles across the finite thickness of a hemispherical dome subjected to aerodynamic heating is introduced. Hemispherical domes, with their advantageous aerodynamic, structural, and optical properties, are frequently utilized in the front sections of objects traveling at supersonic velocities, including missiles or vehicles. The proposed method relies on one-dimensional analyses of fluid dynamics and flow characteristics to approximate the local heat flux across the exterior surface of the dome. By calculating these local heat flux values, it is also possible to predict the temperature variations within the thickness of the dome by employing the finite difference technique, to solve the heat conduction equation in spherical coordinates. This process is iterated over successive time intervals, to simulate the entire flight duration. Unlike traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the proposed strategy offers the benefits of significantly lower computational time and resource demands. The primary objective of this work is to provide an efficient numerical tool for evaluating aerodynamic heating impact and temperature gradients on hemispherical domes under specific conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be validated by comparing the temperature profiles derived for a standard flight scenario against those obtained from 2-D axisymmetric transient CFD simulations performed using ANSYS-Fluent 2022 R2.
Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction via Sample Entropy: A Hybridisation Approach against Gradient Disappearance and Explosion
Authors: Sivhugwana Khathutshelo Steven , Ranganai Edmore
Published: August 2024

High-variant wind speeds cause aberrations in wind power systems and compromise the effective operation of wind farms. A single model cannot capture the inherent wind speed randomness and complexity. In the proposed hybrid strategy, wavelet transform (WT) is used for data decomposition, sample entropy (SampEn) for subseries complexity evaluation, neural network autoregression (NNAR) for deterministic subseries prediction, long short-term memory network (LSTM) for complex subseries prediction, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) for prediction reconciliation. The proposed WT-NNAR-LSTM-GBM approach predicts minutely averaged wind speed data collected at Southern African Universities Radiometric Network (SAURAN) stations: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Richtersveld (RVD), Venda, and the Namibian University of Science and Technology (NUST). For comparison purposes, in WT-NNAR-LSTM-GBM, LSTM and NNAR are respectively replaced with a k-nearest neighbour (KNN) to form the corresponding hybrids: WT-NNAR-KNN-GBM and WT-KNN-LSTM-GBM. We assessed WT-NNAR-LSTM-GBM’s efficacy against NNAR, LSTM, WT-NNAR-KNN-GBM, and WT-KNN-LSTM-GBM as well as the naïve model. The comparative study found that the WT-NNAR-LSTM-GBM model was the most accurate, sharpest, and robust based on mean absolute error, median absolute deviation, and residual analysis. The study results suggest using short-term forecasts to optimise wind power production, enhance grid operations in real-time, and open the door to further algorithmic enhancements.