bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced antitumor immunity by a novel small molecule HPK1 inhibitor
Authors: You Dan , Hillerman Stephen , Locke Gregory , Chaudhry Charu , Stromko Caitlyn , Murtaza Anwar , Fan Yi , Koenitzer Jennifer , Chen Yali , Briceno Stephanie , Bhadra Rajarshi , Duperret Elizabeth , Gullo-Brown Johnni , Gao Chan , Zhao Dandan , Feder John , Curtin Joshua , Degnan Andrew P , Kumi Godwin , Wittman Mark , Johnson Benjamin M , Parrish Karen E , Gokulrangan Giridharan , Morrison John , Quigley Michael , Hunt John T , Salter-Cid Luisa , Lees Emma , Sanjuan Miguel A , Liu Jinqi
Published: January 2021

Background

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1 or MAP4K1) has been demonstrated as a negative intracellular immune checkpoint in mediating antitumor immunity in studies with HPK1 knockout and kinase dead mice. Pharmacological inhibition of HPK1 is desirable to investigate the role of HPK1 in human immune cells with therapeutic implications. However, a significant challenge remains to identify a small molecule inhibitor of HPK1 with sufficient potency, selectivity, and other drug-like properties suitable for proof-of-concept studies. In this report, we identified a novel, potent, and selective HPK1 small molecule kinase inhibitor, compound K (CompK). A series of studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism of action of CompK, aiming to understand its potential application in cancer immunotherapy.

Methods

Human primary T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were investigated with CompK treatment under conditions relevant to tumor microenvironment (TME). Syngeneic tumor models were used to assess the in vivo pharmacology of CompK followed by human tumor interrogation ex vivo.

Results

CompK treatment demonstrated markedly enhanced human T-cell immune responses under immunosuppressive conditions relevant to the TME and an increased avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to recognize viral and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in significant synergy with anti-PD1. Animal model studies, including 1956 sarcoma and MC38 syngeneic models, revealed improved immune responses and superb antitumor efficacy in combination of CompK with anti-PD-1. An elevated immune response induced by CompK was observed with fresh tumor samples from multiple patients with colorectal carcinoma, suggesting a mechanistic translation from mouse model to human disease.

Conclusion

CompK treatment significantly improved human T-cell functions, with enhanced TCR avidity to recognize TAAs and tumor cytolytic activity by CD8+ T cells. Additional benefits include DC maturation and priming facilitation in tumor draining lymph node. CompK represents a novel pharmacological agent to address cancer treatment resistance.
An Improved Continuous Tabu Search Algorithm with Adaptive Neighborhood Radius and Increasing Search Iteration Times Strategies
Authors: Yuan Shijin , Xu Yunjia , Mu Bin , Zhang Linlin , Ren Juhui , Ma Shaoyang , Duan Wansuo
Published: January 2021

Based on Continuous Tabu Search with Sine map and Staged strategy (CTS-SS) algorithm, an improved CTS-SS (iCTS-SS) algorithm is proposed to achieve rapid convergence and enhance the robustness of the CTS-SS algorithm with strategies of adaptive neighborhood radius and awarding search iterations. Unlike a fixed neighborhood radius used in the CTS-SS algorithm, the iCTS-SS algorithm utilizes the adaptive neighborhood radius to improve the search capabilities. According to whether the optimal result is replaced, it could be narrowed for centralized search or expanded for decentralized search. By this way, the result can be better than using regular iterations. The experiments adopt various typical functions as numerical experiment cases to evaluate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of iCTS-SS. And for comparison, these functions are also solved by CTS-SS and Modified Staged Continuous Tabu Search (MSCTS), which is one of the latest continuous tabu search algorithms. Experimental results show that iCTS-SS outperforms both CTS-SS and MSCTS in statistical significance.
Predicting the Drag of Rough Surfaces
Authors: Chung Daniel , Hutchins Nicholas , Schultz Michael P. , Flack Karen A.
Published: January 2021

Reliable full-scale prediction of drag due to rough wall-bounded turbulent fluid flow remains a challenge. Currently, the uncertainty is at least 10%, with consequences, for example, on energy and transport applications exceeding billions of dollars per year. The crux of the difficulty is the large number of relevant roughness topographies and the high cost of testing each topography, but computational and experimental advances in the last decade or so have been lowering these barriers. In light of these advances, here we review the underpinnings and limits of relationships between roughness topography and drag behavior, focusing on canonical and fully turbulent incompressible flow over rigid roughness. These advances are beginning to spill over into multiphysical areas of roughness, such as heat transfer, and promise broad increases in predictive reliability.
High Rate Lithium Ion Battery with Niobium Tungsten Oxide Anode
Authors: Kim Yumi , Jacquet Quentin , Griffith Kent J. , Lee Jeongjae , Dey Sunita , Rinkel Bernardine L. D. , Grey Clare P.
Published: January 2021

Highly stable lithium-ion battery cycling of niobium tungsten oxide (Nb16W5O55, NWO) is demonstrated in full cells with cathode materials LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622) and LiFePO4 (LFP). The cells show high rate performance and long-term stability under 5 C and 10 C cycling rates with a conventional carbonate electrolyte without any additives. The degradation of the cell performance is mainly attributed to the increased charge transfer resistance at the NMC side, consistent with the ex situ XRD and XPS analysis demonstrating the structural stability of NWO during cycling together with minimal electrolyte decomposition. Finally, we demonstrate the temperature-dependent performance of this full cell at 10, 25 and 60 °C and confirm, using operando XRD, that the structural change of the NWO material during lithiation/de-lithiation at 60 °C is very similar to its behaviour at 25 °C, reversible and with a low volume change. With the merits of high rate performance and long cycle life, the combination of NWO and a commercial cathode represents a promising, safe battery for fast charge/discharge applications.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Electrochemical Biosensor for Point of Care (POC) Applications: Vi Antigen Detection as a Case Study
Authors: Maurya Ranjan Kumar , Alam M. A. , Ahamad Nadeem , Kishore Kaushal , Prajesh Rahul , Choudhary Megha , Bhalla Vijayender , Agarwal Ajay
Published: January 2021

A novel approach for signal enhancement of electrochemical biosensors by incorporating mechanical vibrations has been developed. We report the electrochemical study of the ferricyanide and ferrocyanide

Fe

CN

6

−
3
/
−
4

a redox couple, at room temperature (∼25 °C), under the effect of mechanical vibrations of different frequencies applied to the sensor, for sensitivity enhancement. The experimental results showed a sensitivity enhancement of ∼332% (from

3.125

nA

μ

M

−
1

to

13.5

nA

μ

M

−
1

) at 88.75 Hz of vibration. This novel approach of signal sensitivity enhancement is also validated with antibody immobilization-based Vi antigen detection for typhoid assessment. The sensitivity enhancement up to ∼15% is achieved for Vi antigen detection under the mechanical vibration of 120 Hz. The sensor is fabricated using microfabrication technology. The vibration-assisted ultrasensitive biosensing platform is also prototyped as a portable and Internet of Thing (IoT) enabled device, suitable for point-of-care applications. Detailed features of the prototype along with the test results are elaborated in the paper.
Probabilistic Model‐Based Malaria Disease Recognition System
Authors: Parveen Rahila , Song Wei , Qiu Baozhi , Bhatti Mairaj Nabi , Hassan Tallal , Liu Ziyi
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a probabilistic‐based method to predict malaria disease at an early stage. Malaria is a very dangerous disease that creates a lot of health problems. Therefore, there is a need for a system that helps us to recognize this disease at early stages through the visual symptoms and from the environmental data. In this paper, we proposed a Bayesian network (BN) model to predict the occurrences of malaria disease. The proposed BN model is built on different attributes of the patient’s symptoms and environmental data which are divided into training and testing parts. Our proposed BN model when evaluated on the collected dataset found promising results with an accuracy of 81%. One the other hand, F1 score is also a good evaluation of these probabilistic models because there is a huge variation in class data. The complexity of these models is very high due to the increase of parent nodes in the given influence diagram, and the conditional probability table (CPT) also becomes more complex.
The Effect of Lipid Metabolism on CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Cai Feiyang , Jin Shuxin , Chen Guangjie
Published: January 2021

CD4+ T cells play a vital role in the adaptive immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation. As an important mechanism for energy storage, a lot of researches have clarified that metabolism imbalance interacts with immune disorder, and one leads to the other. Lipid metabolism has close relationship with CD4+ T cells. In this review, we discuss fatty acid, cholesterol, prostaglandin, and phospholipid metabolism in CD4+ T cell subsets. Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is activated in Th17 cell to support the proinflammatory function. Cholesterol promotes Th1, Th2, and Treg cell differentiation. In addition to glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism is also very important for immunity. Here, it is highlighted that lipid metabolism regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation and function and is related to diseases.
Data Security Storage Method for Power Distribution Internet of Things in Cyber‐Physical Energy Systems
Authors: Zhong Jiayong , Xiong Xiaofu
Published: January 2021

The existing cloud storage methods cannot meet the delay requirements of intelligent devices in the power distribution Internet of Things (IoT), and it is difficult to ensure the data security in the complex network environment. Therefore, a data Security Storage method for the power distribution IoT is proposed. Firstly, based on the “cloud tube edge end” power distribution IoT structure, a cloud edge collaborative centralized distributed joint control mode is proposed, which makes full use of the collaborative advantages of cloud computing and edge computing to meet the real‐time requirements. Then, a distributed data storage method based on the Kademlia algorithm is proposed, and the homomorphic encryption and secret sharing algorithm are used to store the data in the cloud as ciphertext and perform data query directly on the ciphertext. Finally, considering the heterogeneity of edge nodes, the security protection model of edge nodes based on noncooperative differential game is established, and the algorithm of optimal defense strategy of edge nodes is designed to ensure the security of edge nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed method obtained excellent query performance, and the ability to resist network attacks is better than other comparison methods. It can reduce the data storage and query delay and ensure the data security of the system.
Changes in Sepsis Biomarkers after Immunosuppressant Administration in Transplant Patients
Authors: Franeková Janka , Protuš Marek , Kieslichová Eva , Březina Aleš , Komrsková Jitka , Vymětalík Jiří , Jabor Antonín
Published: January 2021

Sepsis biomarkers change continuously during the postoperative period. We aimed to demonstrate the influence of immunosuppressants after transplantation (Tx) on presepsin, procalcitonin, CRP, white blood cells, and IL-6. A group of 140 patients after major surgery (86 non-Tx, 54 Tx) without any signs of sepsis or infectious complications was followed for 7 days. The changes in biomarkers were analyzed with respect to the type of surgery, organ, and induction immunosuppressant used (antithymocyte globulin, corticosteroids, or basiliximab/rituximab). Concentrations (95th percentiles) of presepsin and procalcitonin were higher in the Tx group (presepsin:

Tx
<
2380

vs.

non
‐
Tx
<
1368
 
ng
/
L

,

p
<
0.05

; procalcitonin: <28.0 vs. 3.49 μg/L,

p
<
0.05

). In contrast, CRP and IL-6 were lower in the Tx group (CRP:

Tx
<
84.2

vs.

non
‐
Tx
<
229
 
mg
/
L

,

p
<
0.05

; IL-6: <71.2 vs. 317 ng/L,

p
<
0.05

). Decreases in CRP and IL-6 were found for all immunosuppressants, and procalcitonin was increased after antithymocyte globulin and corticosteroids. Negligible changes were found for white blood cells. Different responses of presepsin, procalcitonin, CRP, and IL-6 were therefore found in patients without any infectious complications after major surgery or transplantation. Immunosuppression decreased significantly IL-6 and CRP in comparison to non-Tx patients, while procalcitonin was increased after corticosteroids and antithymocyte globulin only. Cautious interpretation of sepsis biomarkers is needed in the early posttransplant period. This work was conducted as a noninterventional (nonregistered) study.
The Impact of Inulin and a Novel Synbiotic (Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain 1026 and Inulin) on the Development and Functional State of the Gastrointestinal Canal of Calves
Authors: Jonova S. , Ilgaza A. , Zolovs M.
Published: January 2021

Successful management of the dairy industry is closely related to rearing healthy calves. The proper development of the gastrointestinal canal is crucial to reach this goal. One of the strategies to promote this development is the addition of feed additives to the diet. This research aimed to determine the impact of prebiotic inulin and a new, not commercially available synbiotic (mix of prebiotic inulin and probiotic S. cerevisiae strain 1026) on the development of the gastrointestinal canal of calves by comparing the weight of the stomach, its relative ratio to body weight and evaluating pH, and histological changes in different parts of the gastrointestinal canal and assess whether or not the addition of inulin to the yeast S. cerevisiae improves the abovementioned parameters. We used prebiotic inulin (6 g) and a synbiotic (prebiotic inulin 6 g and probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026, 5 g). The 56-day long research was conducted with fifteen crossbreed calves (32 ± 6 days old) organized in the control group (CoG), the prebiotic group (PreG), and the synbiotic group (SynG). We determined pH, morphological parameters of different parts of the digestive canal, and morphometric parameters of the stomach. The addition of prebiotic inulin to calves’ diet causes the increase of pH in rumen, abomasum, and intestines but when inulin was added to S. cerevisiae, pH decreased and was even lower than in the control group. Prebiotic inulin and its synbiotic with yeast S. cerevisiae positively impact the development of almost all morphological structures of rumen saccus dorsalis, rumen saccus ventralis, and intestine; moreover, calves from the synbiotic group showed better results in virtually all parameters. However, both inulin and synbiotic did not affect the weight and relative weight of different parts of the stomach. Tested synbiotic has the potential to promote the development of the rumen and other parts of the digestive canal of calves.
Expression of Glutamine Metabolism-Related and Amino Acid Transporter Proteins in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms and Pheochromocytomas
Authors: Kim Hye Min , Koo Ja Seung
Published: January 2021

Background. Glutamine metabolism is considered an important metabolic phenotype of proliferating tumor cells. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of glutamine metabolism-related and amino acid transporter proteins in adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACNs) and pheochromocytomas (PCCs) in the adrenal gland. Methods. A tissue microarray was constructed for 132 cases of ACN (115 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma and 17 cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma) and 189 cases of PCC. Immunohistochemical staining for glutamine metabolism-related proteins GLS1 and GDH and amino acid transporter proteins SLC1A5, SLC7A5, and SLC7A11 as well as SDHB was performed and compared with clinicopathologic parameters. Results. The expression levels of GLS (

p
<
0.001

), SLC7A5 (

p
=
0.049

), and SDHB (

p
=
0.007

) were higher in ACN than in PCC, whereas the expression levels of SLC1A5 (

p
<
0.001

) and SLC7A11 (

p
<
0.001

) were higher in PCC than in ACN. In ACN, GLS positivity was associated with a higher Fuhrman grade (

p
=
0.009

), and SLC1A5 positivity was associated with SDHB positivity (

p
=
0.004

) and a clear cell

proportion
<
25
%

(

p
=
0.010

). SDHB negativity was also associated with tumor cell necrosis (

p
=
0.007

). In PCC, SLC7A11 positivity was associated with nonnorepinephrine type (

p
=
0.008

). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with GLS positivity (

p
=
0.039

) and SDHB negativity (

p
=
0.005

) had significantly shorter overall survival in ACN. In PCC patients with a

GAPP
 
score
≥
3

, GLS positivity (

p
=
0.001

) and SDHB positivity (

p
=
0.001

) were associated with shorter disease-free survival, whereas GLS positivity (

p
=
0.004

) was also associated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions. The expression of glutamine metabolism-related and amino acid transporter proteins in ACN and PCC is distinct and associated with prognosis.
Optimal Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks for the Internet of Things Based on Memetic Algorithm: memeWSN
Authors: Ahmad Masood , Shah Babar , Ullah Abrar , Moreira Fernando , Alfandi Omar , Ali Gohar , Hameed Abdul
Published: January 2021

In wireless sensor networks for the Internet of Things (WSN‐IoT), the topology deviates very frequently because of the node mobility. The topology maintenance overhead is high in flat‐based WSN‐IoTs. WSN clustering is suggested to not only reduce the message overhead in WSN‐IoT but also control the congestion and easy topology repairs. The partition of wireless mobile nodes (WMNs) into clusters is a multiobjective optimization problem in large‐size WSN. Different evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are applied to divide the WSN‐IoT into clusters but suffer from early convergence. In this paper, we propose WSN clustering based on the memetic algorithm (MemA) to decrease the probability of early convergence by utilizing local exploration techniques. Optimum clusters in WSN‐IoT can be obtained using MemA to dynamically balance the load among clusters. The objective of this research is to find a cluster head set (CH‐set) as early as possible once needed. The WMNs with high weight value are selected in lieu of new inhabitants in the subsequent generation. A crossover mechanism is applied to produce new‐fangled chromosomes as soon as the two maternities have been nominated. The local search procedure is initiated to enhance the worth of individuals. The suggested method is matched with state‐of‐the‐art methods like MobAC (Singh and Lohani, 2019), EPSO‐C (Pathak, 2020), and PBC‐CP (Vimalarani, et al. 2016). The proposed technique outperforms the state of the art clustering methods regarding control messages overhead, cluster count, reaffiliation rate, and cluster lifetime.
Leveling Control of Vehicle Load‐Bearing Platform Based on Multisensor Fusion
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Zhao Jingyi , Cai Wei , Li Wenlei , Jia Xing , Wei Peng
Published: January 2021

In the large‐scale transportation, the leveling of the transport vehicle loading platform will determine the safety of the transportation. Therefore, the research on the leveling of the transport vehicle loading platform with hydraulic suspension is carried out. The hydraulic suspension systems are simplified as four‐point support. Based on the multisensor data collected by the pressure sensors of the suspension hydraulic cylinders and the double axis inclination sensor of the load‐bearing platform, the leveling control system of the four‐point load‐bearing platform is designed according to the principle of the highest point chasing. In order to verify the precision of the leveling method, the leveling of the control system is simulated by using the software AMESim and MATLAB, and the PID controller is added. The results show that the leveling precision and velocity of this method fully meet the leveling requirements of the transport vehicle. On the basis, the leveling control system for the 100 ton transport vehicle is designed. The double axis inclination sensor is used to monitor the tilt angle of the loading platform in real time. The controller can make the suspension hydraulic cylinders act accordingly according to the four height differences to keep the loading platform level. Finally, the leveling experiment of the transport vehicle is carried out, and the lifting experiment is carried out under the condition of no load to full load. It is concluded that the displacement of the four points of the load‐bearing platform of the transport vehicle is basically the same. The leveling control system can control the inclination angle of the platform within 0.25 degrees, and the leveling time is less than 1 second. The leveling process has higher precision and shorter time than other methods, which can provide reference for the leveling design of similar platforms.
Progressive Primary Appendiceal Crohn’s Disease in a 21-Year-old Female
Authors: Roberts Cullen , Hornick Jason L. , Mitsialis Vanessa , Yoo James
Published: January 2021

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder that can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the terminal ileum near the ileocecal valve. Crohn’s disease can be characterized by transmural inflammation and deep fissuring ulcers that predispose to fistula formation and “skip” lesions separated by normal segments of bowel. While often affecting the terminal ileum near the ileocecal valve, Crohn’s disease presenting primarily in the appendix is a rare entity. In part due to its low prevalence, cases of appendiceal Crohn’s disease can be confused for acute, non-Crohn’s-related appendicitis on initial presentation. Although there are published cases of primary appendiceal Crohn’s disease in the medical literature, in most cases the diagnosis is made retrospectively following appendectomy for presumed appendicitis. We report on a case of Crohn’s disease that was diagnosed pre-operatively, primarily involved the appendix, and which progressed radiographically despite medical therapy and resolution of clinical symptoms. Unique management issues related to this case include the appropriateness of systemic therapy for disease isolated to the appendix, an inability to endoscopically obtain tissue for a definitive diagnosis, and the decision to proceed with surgery in an asymptomatic patient with progressive disease on imaging. Intraoperatively, the appendix was severely inflamed and densely adherent to the left pelvic side wall and adjacent to the left ovary and fallopian tube. A laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. Pathology demonstrated acute appendicitis as well as marked mural chronic inflammation and epithelioid granulomas, consistent with Crohn’s disease. Surgical resection may be the most appropriate treatment for Crohn’s disease primarily involving the appendix, obviating the need for systemic therapy and minimizing the risk for appendiceal perforation and fistula formation.
IGF-1 Influences Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Regulation of Puberty
Authors: Dees William L. , Hiney Jill K. , Srivastava Vinod K.
Published: January 2021

The pubertal process is initiated as a result of complex neuroendocrine interactions within the preoptic and hypothalamic regions of the brain. These interactions ultimately result in a timely increase in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Researchers for years have believed that this increase is due to a diminished inhibitory tone which has applied a prepubertal brake on GnRH secretion, as well as to the gradual development of excitatory inputs driving the increased release of the peptide. Over the years, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has emerged as a prime candidate for playing an important role in the onset of puberty. This review will first present initial research demonstrating that IGF-1 increases in circulation as puberty approaches, is able to induce the release of prepubertal GnRH, and can advance the timing of puberty. More recent findings depict an early action of IGF-1 to activate a pathway that releases the inhibitory brake on prepubertal GnRH secretion provided by dynorphin, as well as demonstrating that IGF-1 can also act later in the process to regulate the synthesis and release of kisspeptin, a potent stimulator of GnRH at puberty.
Design of meal intake prediction for gestational diabetes mellitus using genetic algorithm
Authors: Mohd Rosli Marshima , Mohamad Yusop Nor Shahida , Sofea Fazuly Aini
Published: January 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is frequently described as glucose intolerance for pregnancy women. GDM patients currently practice the traditional method (record book) for recording blood glucose readings and keeping track of meal intake. This practice is not efficient and impractical for monitoring glucose level for GDM patients when we compared with mobile health monitoring technologies available today. Although, many applications have been developed for diabetes patients, but we do not found any application appropriate for GDM monitoring. In this study, we describe the design and development of mobile application for GDM monitoring using genetic algorithm that aims to predict recommended meal intake. We developed the mobile application for the GDM patients to maintain their blood glucose level through their meals. We tested the components of the mobile application and found that the prediction algorithm has successfully predicted the next meal intake according to the patient blood glucose levels. We hope this study will encourage research on development of selfmonitoring applications to improve blood glucose control for GDM.
Customer reviews analytics on food delivery services in social media: a review
Authors: Sakinah Shaeeali Noor , Mohamed Azlinah , Mutalib Sofianita
Published: January 2021

Food delivery services have gained attention and become a top priority in developed cities by reducing travel time and waiting time by offering online food delivery options for a variety of dishes from a wide variety of restaurants. Therefore, customer analytics have been considered in business analysis by enabling businesses to collect and analyse customer feedback to make business decisions to be more advanced in the future. This paper aims to study the techniques used in customer analytics for food delivery services and identify the factors of customers’ reviews for food delivery services especially in social media. A total of 53 papers reviewed, several techniques and algorithms on customer analytics for food delivery services in social media are Lexicon, machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), support vector machine (SVM), and text mining. The paper further analyse the challenges and factors that give impacts to the customers’ reviews for food delivery services. These findings would be appropriate for development and enhancement of food delivery services in future works.
Towards secure smart cities: design and implementation of smart home digital communication system
Authors: Al-Shareefi Nael , Abbas Sura Adil , S. Alkhazraji Mohanad , Sakran Ammar AbdRaba
Published: January 2021

Home and building security are major concern in our daily life and digital smart door lock (DSDL) have become an essential part of these systems. In this paper, a secure DSDL which can grant access to home with a fingerprint is designed and implemented. An Arduino Nano microcontroller board, finger print sensor and servo motor have been utilized for lock/unlock door based on finger print. The DSDL is an automatic authenticate and validate the user for secure access. The implemented system aims to develop a cost−effective DSDL based on low−cost components compared to the systems already on the domestic market. The−ease of−use and cost−effectiveness makes the DSDL a strong competitor to the digital security system on the domestic market and outperforms it and suitable for security–based home automation systems.
Performance evaluation of two models in the reactive routing protocol in manets
Authors: Jaafar Abbas Muthanna , Turki Alhilfi Haider Mohammed , Sutikno Tole
Published: January 2021

Due to the need for the multicast connection required by multimedia applications such as video conferencing and natural disaster management, it was necessary to use a set of portable and connected wireless peripheral devices without the need for infrastructure and without a central router, by use wireless network as "a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) " Despite the difficulties facing this technology in the process of effective guidance and the expansion of the use of such networks, in this type of network because of its applications in the fields of civil and military systems that do not need an infrastructure for the network to provide communication, the researchers specialized in this field have improved the current routing protocols and design new protocols that are appropriate to the challenges that Routing protocols face due to continuous change In network topology over time. In this paper we improved the current routing protocols and design new protocols that are appropriate to the challenges that Routing protocols face due to continuous change In network topology over time. The NS2 simulation environment was used for the purpose of a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the TORA and AODV routing protocols By using properties of packet delivery fraction and end-to-end delay was calculated.
Manet

Odav

Packet delivery
Tora
A sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements
Authors: T. Al-Sarayreh Khalid , Meridji Kenza , Alenezi Mamdouh , Zarour Mohammed , D. Al-Majali Mohammed
Published: January 2021

In practice, the software process is an intermediate phase for enhancement and improvements the design for different types of software products and help developers to converts the specified requirements into prototypes that implement the design into reality. The objective of this paper is to provide software developers, designers and software engineers who work in small companies with a standards-based process improvement using a procedural method technique including detailed steps for designing the small software systems into their companies. The method used in this paper includes 1) analysis four different types of commonly design processes used by industry such as CMMI, conventional or software process in ISO 19759, generic and engineering design processes. 2)  mapping between those four design processes. 3) collect the dispersed design concepts proposed by those four processes. 4) proposed a sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements 5) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach using A template-based implementation. The primary result of this study is a guideline procedure with detailed steps for software design process improvements to help and guide developers in small companies to analyze and design a small software scales with limited cost and duration. In conclusion, this paper proposed a method to improve the design process for different kinds of the software systems using a template-based implementation to reduce the cost, effort and time needed in the implementation phase in small companies. The scientific implication behind a template-based implementation helps the system and software engineering to use this template easily in their small companies; because most of the time those engineering developers are responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and testing their software systems during the whole software life cycle.
A cloud computing scheduling and its evolutionary approaches
Authors: Subhi Abdalkafor Ahmed , Abdalqahar Jihad Alaa , Tariq Allawi Emad
Published: January 2021

Despite the increasing use of cloud computing technology because it offers unique features to serve its customers perfectly, exploiting the full potential is very difficult due to the many problems and challenges. Therefore, scheduling resources are one of these challenges. Researchers are still finding it difficult to determine which of the scheduling algorithms are appropriate and effective and that helps increases the performance of the system to accomplish these tasks. This paper provides a broad and detailed examination of resource scheduling algorithms in the environment of a cloud computing environment and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of some algorithms to help researchers in selecting the best algorithms to schedule a particular workload to get a satisfy a quality of service, guarantee good utilization of the cloud resources also minimizing the make-span.
Enhancing software development cost control by forecasting the cost of rework: preliminary study
Authors: Ahmed Khalid Tarig , Yeoh Eng-Thiam
Published: January 2021

Industrial reports show massive cost overruns associated with software projects. The cost of software reworks constitutes a large portion of the overall cost, reflecting a substantial challenge in cost control. Earned value management (EVM) is the most recognized model for project cost control. However, it shows many limitations in forecasting the software project cost, leading to a considerable challenge in cost control. Nevertheless, the major EVM limitation found is its inability to forecast the cost of software rework. This research investigated the factors affecting this limitation and suggests an enhanced EVM model. The significant contribution of this research is its incorporation of software-related factors into the EVM model. We introduced the software rework index (SRI), which is incorporated into the traditional EVM model to enhance its predictability of the software project cost at completion, including the rework cost. We defined the SRI in terms of two factors: product functional complexity and the team competency. Finally, we evaluated the proposed model using a dataset drawn from five actual projects. The results showed a significant enhancement in forecasting accuracy.
Economic challenges of cloud computing in Iraqi educational institutions using exploratory analysis
Authors: Mohammed Jawad Farah Hussein , M. Jawad Huda Husein
Published: January 2021

Cloud computing (CC) implementation for educational services is confronting several challenges. Prior research focused on the technological related challenges while few examine the economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic challenges for using CC in educational institutions in Iraq. Articles pertaining to the topics were extracted from main databases. Based on the review, the critical challenges were identified. To confirm their relatedness to Iraqi context, a questionnaire related to the challenges was developed. A total of 204 respondents working as IT professional has participated in this study. The findings showed that the challenges mainly related to the infrastructure readiness, internet connection, cost of establishing and managing the CC. The challenges were divided into three phases. The pre-implementation phase includes the challenges of selecting service provider and deployment as well as the readiness of stakeholders, training, and infrastructure readiness. The implementation phase includes the challenges of maintaining the bandwidth, compatibility, legacy system, internet connection, reliability, availability, connectivity, and management. The post-implementation phase includes the challenges of security, privacy, quality of education, switching cost, and lock-in. The most critical challenges in all phases are related to infrastructure readiness, internet connection, switching cost and management of CC. The findings were discussed and limitations of the study as well as the direction for future works were given. 
A pulse amplitude modulation scheme based on in-line semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for optical soliton systems
Authors: M. Alatwi Aadel , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work is to simulate a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme based on in-line semiconductor optical amplifiers for optical soliton systems. The max. power for soliton systems, based on various bits/symbol PAM modulation schemes after a fiber length of 100 km, is simulated and clarified. In addition to the max. Q factor for soliton systems, PAM modulation schemes with various in-line SOA injection currents and a fiber length of 100 km are also simulated and demonstrated in the results. The total electrical power after photo-detectors for soliton systems, based on PAM modulation schemes with various in-line SOA injection currents and a fiber length of 100 km, is also simulated and clarified in the results. The study emphasizes that the higher the SOA injection current, the higher the electrical power and the lower the Q factor that can be achieved in the soliton system.
Pythagorean Fuzzy N-Soft Groups
Authors: Mateen MUHAMMAD Haris
Published: January 2021

We elaborate in this paper a new structure Pythagorean fuzzy
$N$-soft groups which is the generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy
soft group initiated by Karaaslan in 2013. In Pythagorean fuzzy
N-soft sets concepts of fuzzy sets, soft sets, N-soft sets, fuzzy
soft sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy soft
sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets are
generalized. We also talk about some elementary basic concepts and
operations on Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets with the assistance of
illusions. We additionally define three different sorts of
complements for Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets and examined a few
outcomes not hold in Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets complements as
they hold in crisp set hypothesis with the assistance of counter
examples. We further talked about {$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$-cut of
Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft set and their properties}. We likewise talk
about some essential properties of Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft groups
like groupoid, normal group, left and right cosets, $(\alpha, \beta,
\gamma)$-cut subgroups and some fundamental outcomes identified with
these terms. Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets is increasingly efficient
and adaptable model to manage uncertainties. The proposed models of
Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft groups can defeat a few disadvantages of
the existing statures.
Quality and energy optimized scheduling technique for executing scientific workload in cloud computing environment
Authors: Prasad S Nagendra , Kulkarni S Subash
Published: January 2021

Modern BigData data-intensive and scientific workload execution is challenging. The major issues are reliable processing, performance efficiency and energy efficacy perquisite of BigData processing framework. This work assume self-aware MC architectures that autonomously adjust or optimize their performance to accommodate users quality of service (QoS) performance requirement, job execution performance, energy efficiency, and resource accessibility. Extensive workload scheduling has been presented to minimize energy consumption in cloud computing (CC) environment. However, the existing workload scheduling model induces higher amount of interaction cost between inter-processors communications. Further, due to poor resource utilization, routing inefficiency these existing model induces higher energy cost and fails to meet workload QoS prerequisite. For overcoming research challenges, this paper presented quality and energy optimized scheduling (QEOS) technique for executing data-intensive workload by employing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique. Experiment outcome shows QEOS model attains good trade-off between system performance and energy consumption in multi-core cloud computing (CC) architectures when compared with existing model.
A multiple handover method by using the guide of mobile node
Authors: Abdullah Radhwan Mohamed , Basher Radhwan , Abdulqader Ayad Hussain
Published: January 2021

Today’s healthcare system can be characterised using the up-and-coming integral component of mobility management of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In general, remote sensor nodes of WBAN are positioned on the body of a subject. Meanwhile, recommendations for specific proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIP) approaches have emerged, but its comparatively unfeasible nature in terms of group mobility management with regards to WBAN. Therefore, it shows a likelihood for expansive registration and handover interruptions. Thus, this work offered an alternative aimed at curbing such restrictions via an enhanced group mobility management method. The approach underlined the integration of authentication, authorisation, and accounting (AAA) services into the local mobility anchor (LMA) as another option for independent practice. Moreover, the proxy binding update (PBU) and AAA inquiry messages were consolidated, whereas the AAA response and proxy binding acknowledge (PBA) message were amalgamated. The resulting outcomes depicted the proposed method’s superior performance in comparison with the current PMIP approaches in the context of registration delay time, handover interruption, and average signalling cost.
Load balancing algorithm based-SDN for the IoT applications
Authors: Sounni Hind , El kamoun Najib , Lakrami Fatima
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, the emergence of IoT devices has wholly revolutionized the customer's communication habits. The information can be collected at anytime and anywhere. However, the mobility of communication devices in a dense network results in an unbalanced network load and an increase in bandwidth demands. To address these issues, this study proposed a load balancing algorithm based on SDN for enhancing the performance of mobile IoT devices communication over a Wi-Fi network. The use of the SDN makes possible the automatic configuration of the network through a centralized controller, it provides programmability, a global view of the network, it also optimizes resource allocation based on real-time network information that helps implement our algorithm. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulation using mininet. The results indicate that our proposed method provides an efficient network load balancing and improves the throughput of associated devices.
Comparative investigation of 15 Level and 17 level cascaded h-bridge MLI with cross h-bridge MLI fed permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Rao J. Srinivas , Kumar Tummala Suresh , Raju Kuthuri Narasimha
Published: January 2021

Multilevel inverters offers eminent solutions to high voltage high power applications due to the association of several devices in a series configuration. In this paper, a comparative investigation of both 15 and 17 level cascaded h-bridge multi level inverter with cross h-bridge fed permanent magnet synchronous motor are presented by appropriate simulations and mathematical analysis. Comparative analysis includes Inverter output voltage and current, number of switching devices, stator current and speed of PMSM and total harmonic distortion levels. Limitation of several switching devices, which can afford high voltage in the inverter is the major problems raised in this study. The advantage of this analysis is to figure out the appropriate inverter that can be used for real time application by considering the factors via. Harmonic distortion, output voltage, current, number of switching devices etc. Validation of the analysis is processed through matlab/simulink platform.
Evaluation of the stability enhancement of the conventional sliding mode controller using whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Abdullah Aws Mahmood , Kaittan Ali Mohsin , Sabah Taha Mustafa
Published: January 2021

The proposed work is an attempt to investigate the stability of the nonlinear system by using a whale optimization algorithm as of one of the meta-heuristic optimization methods, and this investigation was conducted on a single inverted pendulum as a study model. The evaluation measures which were used in this article values of gain and sliding surface of the conventional sliding mode controller to illustrate the extent of the system`s stability. Furthermore, control action, the relationship between error and its derivative, desired, and actual position in addition to sliding response graphically showed the feasibility of the proposed solution. The attained results illustrated considerable improvement in the settling time and minimizing the impact of chattering behavior.
Enhancing PAPR reduction for FBMC-OQAM systems by joint both tone reservation and companding methods
Authors: Senhadji Salima , Bendimerad Yassine Mohammed , Tarik Bendimerad Fathi
Published: January 2021

One of the major problems that faces any wireless communication system that apply multicarrier modulation technology is large Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). There are divers PAPR reduction methods to solve this problem. Tone Reservation (TR) scheme is one of the most famous PAPR reduction techniques in which a peak cancelling signal is added to the original one in such a way that PAPR will reduce. Companding is another easy PAPR reduction technique in which compression of large amplitude samples and expansion of low one. In this paper, we suggest a new PAPR reduction scheme based on combining tone reservation and companding techniques for FBMC-OQAM systems. The simulation results show that the new scheme (TR&Compd) presents better result in term of PAPR reduction compared to TR and Companding methods taken separately.
Design of a miniaturized wideband disc monopole antenna used in RFID systems
Authors: Hazzaa Ali Sufyan , Hameed Reja Ahmed , Azzawi Hachim Yousif
Published: January 2021

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an important wireless technology which utilizes radio frequencies (RFs) for exchanging data between two or more points (tags and readers), that represent an automatic identification (Auto-ID) system. This paper introduces an omnidirectional microstrip antenna operates at 2.45 GHz used for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The length of the proposed antenna is 36.5 mm and the width is 27 mm. The substrate material which has been used as a base of antenna is FR4 that has dielectric constant value of 4.3 and dielectric thickness value of 1.6 mm. Regarding the resonance frequency, return loss of the proposed antenna design is -34.8 dB. A promising directivity outcome of 2.8 dB has been achieved with omnidirectional radiation pattern as well as an acceptable efficiency of 66%. The proposed antenna design accomplishes a wideband frequency of 1.21 GHz in the frequency range of (2.14  3.35) GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software has been used for implementing the proposed antenna design. The antenna design fabricatation and its characteristics have been measured using vector network analyzer (type MS4642A). The obtained results of the experimental design achieve a little bit differences as compared with the simulation results