bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISAIN DAN PENGUJIAN SISTEM KENDALI SUHU ASAP KAYU KARET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBUATAN KARET SIT ASAP BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER
Authors: Wibowo Suhermanto Agung , Subrata I Dewa Made , Suprapto Anjar , Lisyanto Lisyanto
Published: February 2018

Pengasapan karet RSS adalah metode pengawetan dan pengeringan karet lembaranmenggunakan asap kayu bakar agar jamur tidak tumbuh saat penyimpanan. Pada umumnya pengasapan karet RSS konvensional membutuhkan waktu 5-6 hari dan konsumsi kayu asap sebanyak 4 m3 per ton karet kering. Selain itu mutu RSS juga ditentukan oleh pengontrolan yang rutin mengenai bahan bakar kayu dan suhu ruang pengasapan. Penelitian ini berupaya meningkatkan mutu karet RSS dan efisiensi energi proses pengasapan karet RSS dengan menerapkan sistem kendali otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat mengatur konsentrasi asap dan suhu.  Sistem kendali ini merupakan sistem yang akan mengatur suhu dan kepekatan asap pada setiap tingkatan suhu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan perancangan dan pengujian pengendalian suhu dan konsentrasi ruang asap karet RSS menggunakan mikrokontroller. Prosedur penelitian ini mencakup; 1) Disain dan Konstruksi, 2) Merancang perangkat keras  kendali, 3) Merancang perangkat lunak, 4) Kalibrasi Sensor LM 35 dan 5) Pengujian sistem kendali pada ruang pengasap. Hasil pengujian sistem kendali suhu dan konsentrasi asap adalah proses pengasapan karet RSS terbagi pada 4 tingkatan suhu yaitu suhu 400C-450C selama 12 jam, suhu 450C-500C selama 12 jam, suhu 500C-550C selama 12 jam, dan suhu 550C-600C selama 24 jam. Keberhasilan pengujian ini dicapai selama 60 jam atau 2,5 hari. Mutu karet RSS berwarna coklat transparan, tidak timbul gelembung dan lembaran tidak tambah panjang atau putus. Karet RSS menjadi dominan mutu RSS 1 setelah terjadi penguapan air sebesar 35,78%. Adapun panjang karet RSS berkurang sebesar 3,81%, lebar berkurang sebesar 8,95% dan ketebalan bertambah sebesar 4,36%. Penggunaan kayu bahan bakar asap sekitar 2 m3 dengan kapasitas karet RSS 1.000 Kg.
Impact of Solar Reflectance Attenuation and Roof Cleaning on a Cool Roof: Assessing Return on Investment for Facility Management
Authors: Haverstic Todd , Sullivan Kenneth , Smithwick Jake
Published: February 2018

Research has shown roofing systems with high solar reflectance and thermal emissivity lead to less heat absorption, a consequential reduction in cooling load demand, and a resultant reduction on energy expenditure. Studies on energy savings from cool roof coatings have been conducted for decades and when compared to more traditional roofing systems have demonstrated energy savings ranging from 2-40%, with average savings estimated at 20%. The 20% average is widely used by cool roof industry professionals, designers, and contractors to market and sell the technology in the commercial sector to owners and owner representatives researching new roofs. While the 20% energy savings is a documented average, unfortunately there is no average roof. Each roof is unique considering size, materials, and location to name a few. In addition, the ability of the cool roof to maintain the original solar reflectance is integral to realizing energy savings. The case study calculated project payback for a 20-year cool roof design using both 30% and 20% estimated annual energy savings. In addition, building material specifications and solar reflectance attenuation in respect to reductions in cooling energy were projected into the payback calculations. Lastly, the cost impact of cleaning maintenance was added to the calculations to provide an analysis on affect to anticipated payback schedules. The results showed cleaning costs only added 1 year to project paybacks and saved over 262,244 kWh over 20 years.
Methyldopa electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Cu/TiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Beitollahi Hadi , Biparva Pourya
Published: February 2018

A Cu/TiO2 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu/ /TiO2/GCE) was fabricated to detect methyldopa by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and different pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Compared with bare GCE, the Cu/TiO2/GCE exhibited excellent electrochemical activity for the oxidation of methyldopa. Using DPV technique, the calibration curves for methyldopa were found linear in the concentration range of 0.5?800.0 ?M and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was calculated to be 0.23 ?M. Additionally, the prepared electrochemical sensor of Cu/TiO2/GCE demonstrated a practical feasibility in methyldopa tablets and in urine samples analysis.
Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil by immobilized laccase
Authors: Wang Xin , Shi Yu , Ni Zi , Li Zhao , Bao Jia
Published: February 2018

The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils by laccase is reported. However, the low laccase activities of free laccase have limited its applications in environmental bioremediation. In this study, polluted soil was made with 3:1 volume ratio of soil to PAH solution. Subsequently, the adsorption?cross-link composite immobilization method was applied to immobilize laccase derived from fungi onto nylon net and chitosan, respectively. These two kinds of immobilized laccase were used in the degradation of pyrene (Pyr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and their degradation efficiencies under different temperature and pH conditions were investigated. Consequently, the optimal laboratory experimental parameters were determined as follows: first, compared with free laccase, the degradation rates of Pyr and BaP by immobilized laccase increased by around 10?30 %; second, the degradation efficiency of chitosan as a carrier of immobilized laccase was much better than that of nylon net as a carrier of the immobilized laccase; finally, when the temperature was set at 40?C and the pH was set at 4, the degradation efficiency achieved by immobilized laccase was the best.
Enhanced solar energy absorption on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes decorated with gold-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Lingling , Zhu Guihua , Shen Long , Yu Wei , Zhu Dahai , Zhang Yingchun , Zhang Liye , Xie Huaqing
Published: February 2018

Gold-palladium alloy nanoparticles decorated on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Au-Pd/N-CNT) were prepared by using polyethylene imine reduction method. Polyethylene acts as not only a stabilizing agent, but also a reducing agent, leading to nucleation and growth of nanoparticles on the N-CNT surfaces. All the N-CNT-based nanofluids show broadband absorption across the visible region and near infrared region. The Au-Pd/N-CNT nanofluids absorb more solar irradiation compared with monometallic Pd/N-CNT or Au/N-CNT nanofluid. The photo-thermal conversion efficiency of Au-Pd /N-CNT nanofluids is 62.3%, compared with 53.3% and 57% for Pd/N-CNT and Au/N-CNT, respectively. This enhancement was mainly due to the synergetic effects of N-CNT and Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles.
Exergy loss analysis of the regenerator in a solar Stirling engine
Authors: Ye Wenlian , Yang Zhe , Liu Yingwen
Published: February 2018

In order to evaluate the irreversibility and exergy losses of the regenerators in a solar beta-type free piston Stirling engine due to flow friction, 1-D thermodynamic model to quantify exergy loss in the regenerators are built. The effects of important parameters, such as oscillating flow pressure drop, the exergy loss to flow friction, the exergy losses to conduction heat transfer at the hot and cold side of the regenerator and the percentage of Carnot efficiency of Stirling engine are presented and studied in detail. Results show that exergy loss decreases with the increase of the porosity and matrix diameter. As for the regenerator length, there is an optimum value that is equal to 0.035 m where the exergy loss is minimal and the percentage of Carnot efficiency is maximal. Therefore, some parameters should be selected reasonably to meet the overall design requirements of a solar Stirling engine.
The influence of runner cone perforation on the draft tube vortex in Francis hydro-turbine
Authors: Su Wen-Tao , Li Xiao-Bin , Xu You-Ning , Gong Ru-Zhi , Binama Maxime , Muhirwa Alexis
Published: February 2018

In Francis hydro-turbine, the pressure oscillation in the draft tube is the main source of flow-induced vibration and noise. The structural design of runner cone exerts significant influence on the tangential flow velocity within the draft tube and the pressure fluctuations downstream. In this work, we propose a simple and effective method by perforating through-holes on the runner cone to weaken or eliminate pressure fluctuations induced by the vortex ropes in draft tube. An 2 and 4 holes are perforated on the lower half of runner cone, and numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to understand the changing of phenomenology and features with regard to vortex ropes and pressure levels, comparing with the original unperforated case. The analyses are done for two different guide vane openings, ?, and the results were validated by experiments with high-speed photography. It is found that at the two openings, the runner cone with perforations can reduce the volume of vortex ropes, and decrease the pressure fluctuation level. The motion of vortex ropes tends to be less violent with more perforated holes. Therefore, the runner cone perforation has the potential of reducing the vortex rope strength.
Numerical investigation of gas dispersion effect on laser detection of natural gas pipeline leak
Authors: Wang Li-Li , Zhang Han , Wang Meng-Zhu , Li Dong , Qi Han-Bing , Wang Qiu-Shi , Wu Guo-Zhong
Published: February 2018

Free dispersion of natural gas in the air environment possibly produces explosion and subsequent fire, which has a fatal harm to people's life. The accidental leakage of natural gas pipeline is one of the main productions for natural gas in air environment, and laser technology is a method to detect natural gas pipeline leakage. In this study, the effect of leaking natural gas dispersion on the laser detection was numerically investigated. Four factors effect on natural gas dispersion and intensity of laser detection were also analyzed including leakage aperture, leakage velocity, detection distance, and leakage time. The results show that the spectral detection value decreases by 3.72% at high-speed leakage, 2.74% at medium-speed leakage, and 0.46% at low-speed leakage, when detection distance increases by 10% in the vertical direction of leak hole. Detection time and leak hole both has a large influence on laser detection intensity in high-speed leakage compared with two others. This research results can provide a help for the safe evaluation of gas pipeline emergency.
Numerical investigation on saturated boiling flow and heat transfer of mixture refrigerant in a vertical rectangular mini-channel
Authors: Chen Jie , Cai Weihua , Li Shulei , Ren Yan , Ma Hongqiang , Jiang Yiqiang
Published: February 2018

Plate-fin heat exchanger with rectangular minichannels, as a type of high-perfor- mance compact heat exchangers, has been widely used in liquefied natural gas field. However, the studies on saturated boiling flow and heat transfer for mixture refrigerant in plate-fin heat exchanger have been scarcely explored, which are helpful for designing more effective plate-fin heat exchanger using in liquefied natural gas field. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of saturated boiling flow and heat transfer for mixture refrigerant in rectangular minichannels of plate-fin heat exchanger were studied numerally based on validated model. Then, the effect of different parameters (vapor quality, mass flux, and heat flux) on heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop were discussed. The results indicated that the boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are mainly influenced by quality and mass flux while heat flux has little influence on them. This is due to the fact that the main boiling mechanisms were forced convective boiling and the evaporation of dispersed liquid phase while nucleate boiling is slight.
Optimization of ethanol fermentation with reducing sugars from Camellia (Camellia oleifera) seed meal using response surface methodology
Authors: Peng Ling
Published: February 2018

Camellia seed meal is studied as raw material for fermentation of ethanol. In the experiments, the effect of different variables, such as the ratio of calcium to magnesium ion, ammonium chloride addition ratio, and yeast addition ratio on ethanol yield of the reducing sugar fermentation from Camellia seed meal were investi- gated by a single-factor test and a response surface methodology, respectively. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation conditions of the reducing sugar from Camellia seed meal were the ratio of calcium and magnesium ion 1:1, the ammonium chloride addition ratio 0.70%, and the yeast addition ratio 0.4%. The yield of ethanol was 95.4% under the optimum fermentation conditions (1:1, 0.70% ammonium chloride, 0.4% yeast) given by using response surface methodology. Moreover, variation coefficient was 0.59%, which showed the results were significantly consistent with the predicted value of response surface methodology. It indicated that response surface methodology was reliable to optimize the fermentation conditions of ethanol yield.
Mining Developments, Duty to Consult and Marine Spatial Planning
Authors: Ravna Øyvind
Published: February 2018

no abstract
The Rationale for the Duty to Consult Indigenous Peoples: Comparative Reflections from Nordic and Canadian Legal Contexts
Authors: Allard Christina
Published: February 2018

Although the standard of consulting Indigenous peoples in decisions affecting them is well rooted internationally as well as in national legal systems, different views and patterns of problems are associated with the concept and its practice. This paper briefly analyses and contrasts the duty to consult Indigenous peoples through a comparison of the three Nordic countries Norway, Finland and Sweden, and Canada. Based on domestic legal sources, the focus of the paper is to explore the legal foundation that has given rise to the specific set of rules for the duty to consult, that is, the rationale behind the evolving of the rules. The first finding is that the rules differ among the three Nordic countries, with Sweden being the only country that lacks specific rules. Secondly, whereas Canada has developed its own duty to consult primarily through domestic case law, in the Nordic countries, duty to consult is related to international law obligations. Consultation duties that have evolved from domestic law may be easier to accept than “foreign” regulations imposed on national legal systems. This could explain the reluctance among the Nordic States to accept specific consultations with the Sami Parliament and other Sami groups, particularly in Sweden.
Marine Spatial Planning – Prospects for the Arctic
Authors: Schütz Sigrid Eskeland
Published: February 2018

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is defined as an integrated and comprehensive approach to ocean governance. Planning has the potential to ensure ecosystem and biodiversity conservation and establish rational use of marine space, combining activities relating to extraction industries, maritime transport, fisheries and related services and infrastructure. This article looks at what part transnational and national marine spatial planning can play in the Arctic. There is no international convention on marine spatial planning, and there are no requirements under international law that marine plans, as such, should be prescribed by law. MSP-regulation in different jurisdictions is diversified. It is difficult to claim that the international rights and obligations of a state under UNCLOS, CBD or regional instruments such as OSPAR, need to be fulfilled through the instrument of marine spatial planning. The comprehensive EU approach to marine planning is thus of particular interest. The EU members Denmark, Finland and Sweden do not have coastlines bordering the Arctic. EU has no direct influence over the regulation of marine spatial planning in Arctic marine areas through its relationship to Greenland or Norway, states with a close connection to the EU. The status of marine spatial planning in the European Arctic is thus dependent on the policies of Norway, Greenland and Russia. It is an open question whether spatial planning will be used for preventive and precautionary purposes in the Arctic, before the area is overwhelmed by marine activities and spatial conflicts.
Effects on patients of variations in the implementation of a cardiometabolic risk intervention program in Montréal
Authors: Beauregard Marie-Ève , Provost Sylvie , Pineault Raynald , Grimard Dominique , Pérez José , Fournier Michel
Published: February 2018

Introduction

In 2011, the Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal
(ASSSM), in partnership with the region’s Centres de santé et de services sociaux
(CSSS), coordinated the implementation of a program on cardiometabolic risk based on
the Chronic Care Model. The program, intended for patients suffering from diabetes or
hypertension, involved a series of individual follow-up appointments, group classes and
exercise sessions. Our study assesses the impact on patient health outcomes of variations
in the implementation of some aspects of the program among the six CSSSs taking
part in the study.

Methods

The evaluation was carried out using a quasi-experimental “before and after”
design. Implementation variables were constructed based on data collected during the
implementation analysis regarding resources, compliance with the clinical process set
out in the regional program, the program experience and internal coordination within
the care team. Differences in differences using propensity scores were calculated for
HbA1c results, achieving the blood pressure (BP) target, and two lifestyle targets (exercise
level and carbohydrate distribution) at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, based on
greater or lesser patient exposure to the implementation of various aspects of the program
under study.

Results

The results focus on 1185 patients for whom we had data at the 6-month follow-
up and the 992 patients from the 12-month follow-up. The difference in differences
analysis shows no clear association between the extent of implementation of the various
aspects of the program under study and patient health outcomes.

Conclusion

The program produces effects on selected health indicators independent of
variations in program implementation among the CSSSs taking part in the study. The
results suggest that the effects of this type of program are more highly dependent on the
delivery of interventions to patients than on the organizational aspects of its
implementation.
Te Umutaoroa – A Patuheuheu Research Model
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: February 2018

This article describes a Māori world view, and contrasts it with a Pākehā world view in order to demonstrate how cultural norms influence the way in which a person views the world. This article will explain the notion of Kaupapa Māori ideology, which is supported by the Māori world view. The Rangihau model, which places the Māori world view at the centre and locates the Pākehā world view on the periphery, will be used here to illustrate Kaupapa Māori ideology. One of the features of the Rangihau model is the cultural notion of whenua, which is used as a portal through which to access a new research model. This model can be used as a methodological basis for research pertaining to Patuheuheu hapū – a subtribe of Ngāi Tūhoe.
Regionalization of passenger transport in Poland
Authors: Grzelec Krzysztof , Wyszomirski Olgierd
Published: February 2018

The article presents the problem of regionalization of passenger transport in Poland. The aim of the article is to design an appropriate organizational and managerial model of that transport and adapted financing mechanism of transport activity. The structure of the article extracted in the order of sections on the process of regionalization of passenger transport, regional transport functioning in selected countries of the European Union, the functioning of regional transport in Poland in the light of the provincial transport plans and directions of restructuring of regional transport in Poland. Within the last section reflections on the premises of the appointment of the board of the regional transport as the entity organizing and managing regional transport services and the financing of an integrated regional transport are presented.
Future bus by Mercedes
Authors: Rusak Zbigniew
Published: February 2018

In July 2016, Mercedes presented its first fully autonomous FutureBus city bus in Amsterdam, taking passengers on the BRT Zuidtangent route, which is almost 20 km long, connecting Schiphol with Haarlem and Amsterdam Zuid. The article presents technical and operational assumptions for the new bus.
The development of public transport in Poland in 2009-2015
Authors: Wolański Michał , Pieróg Mateusz
Published: February 2018

This article summarizes the changes in Polish urban transport in 2009-2015 in the sphere of products and impact. It was a period of intensive replacement and development investments, many of which were significantly supported by European Union funds. This enabled the improvement of the quality of transport services in many cities and enabled the implementation of many groundbreaking projects. Numerous investments, supported by increasing expenditures on public transport and the development of the transport offer, have made it possible to stop the decline or slightly increase the transport in urban transport in the largest cities. In other centers, however, a downward trend in transport is noticeable, resulting both from investment negligence and the lack of unambiguous and comprehensive policies aimed at the effective implementation of sustainable urban transport.
Making public transport accessible for disabled people
Authors: Raczyńska-Buława Ewa
Published: February 2018

People with disabilities have the right to an independent, independent and active life. They have the right to access goods and services enabling full participation in society. Accessible transport services are the key to all social activity – learning, working, private life. In reality there are large differences between various elements of public transport system, which are primarily due to the existence of differences in legal provisions regulating each transport branch. This is the reason of differences in social inclusion level between particular country regions. It also causes economic exclusion of people with lower incomes who are unable to buy a car and adjust it to the needs of a disabled person.
Systematic Validation of a Self-Administered Questionnaire to Assess Bullying: from Elementary School to College and by Sex
Authors: Ramos-Jiménez Arnulfo , Esparza del Villar Óscar Armando , Castro-Valles Alberto , Hernández-Torres Rosa Patricia , Murguía-Romero Miguel , Villalobos-Molina Rafael
Published: February 2018

There is a need to develop and validate an instrument to assess school bullying in the Mexican population in order to evaluate the issue and intervene accordingly. This study validates a bullying assessment instrument named Bull-M in children from 5th to 12th grade. The Bull-M was administered to a sample size of 2,030 students from 5th to 12th grade in several schools in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. A two-factor structure of the Bull-M was analyzed with confirmatory factor analyses across the whole sample and gender and educational levels. The confirmatory factor analyses indicate good model fits, strong factor loadings and adequate Cronbach’s alpha values to assess internal reliability of the factors and scale. The Bull-M can be used to assess bullying in students from 5th to 12th grade in northern Mexico.
Salicylic acid-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Yanik Fatma , Aytürk Özlem , Çetinbaş-Genç Aslihan , Vardar Filiz
Published: February 2018

Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the endogenous plant growth regulators that modulate various metabolic and physiological events. To evaluate the exogenous SA-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations, different concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 µM) of SA were applied to rye (Secale cerealeL.) seeds in hydroponic culture conditions for 15 days. The observations revealed that seed germination and root elongation were stimulated in 10 µM SA treatment, however they were inhibited in higher concentrations (100 and 500 µM) of SA. Furthermore, there was no germination in 1000 µM SA. The analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed that although superoxide dismutase activity increased, catalase activity decreased in comparison to control. Besides, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity increased in 10 µM SA, whereas they decreased in higher concentrations. Similarly total chlorophyll content increased in 10 µM SA, but it decreased in 100 and 500 µM SA treatments. Moreover anthocyanins and carotenoids increased after SA treatment. In conclusion, exogenous SA application causes developmental and biochemical alterations in rye.
Effects of carrageenan as elicitor to stimulate defense responses of basil against Cuscuta campestris Yunck
Authors: Mousavi Effat Ahmadi , Manochehri Kalantari Khosrow , Nasibi Fatemeh , Oloumi Hakimeh
Published: February 2018

Cuscuta campestrisis a holostemparasitic plant that obtains its resources from its hosts. Sweet basil is an important commercial plant, widely cultivated in many countries. It is a common host forC. campestris. Generally,C. campestrishas negative effect on the growth of infected plants and its infestation is difficult to control. Therefore, environmental friendly control ofC. campestrisseems to be useful. In this work, the relationship betweenC. campestrisand its host, sweet basil, and effects of κ-carrageenan on protection againstC. campestrisand suppression of its invasion were studied. Basil was sprayed with a solution of carrageenan at a final concentration of 1 g L−1, once a week, 3 times in total. Infection of basil withC. campestriswas performed 2 days after the last carrageenan treatment and the plants were collected two weeks afterC. campestrisattachment. In this study, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL), phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant content increased remarkably in the basil plants parasitized withC. campestris, and therefore it seems that the parasitic plant induced a defense response in the host plants. Treatment with carrageenan significantly increased shoot length and leaf area of basil and decreasedC. campestrisinfestation by about 26%. Carrageenan treatment caused a significant increase in PAL activity, phenols, antioxidant and lignin content in basil. Thus, the present observation suggested the phenylpropanoid pathway was activated and defense responses were stimulated. Our results showed that carrageenan spraying induced beneficial effects in plants, corresponding to growth stimulation and defense compound synthesis. Thus carrageenan treatment is recommended as a natural biostimulator for the protection of plants againstC. campestris.
Comparativism and the New Hungarian Fundamental Law – Taking Raz Seriously
Authors: Badó Attila , Mezei Péter
Published: February 2018

Comparative law plays a role both at the time of the creation and interpretation of constitutions. Hungary is not an exception in this respect. The comparative analysis of Hungarian constitutional law is an ordinary one both in terms of quantity and quality. The new Fundamental Law of 2011 as well as the “two-third majority statutes”, however, led to an international scandal. Several studies have suggested that the method of acceptance of the new Fundamental Law and its content are unique in several aspects. The reviews of the Fundamental Law by scholars and international organizations show, however, contradictory opinions. We argue that such opposition is mainly due to differing conceptions of the ideal democratic society. Proponents of the Fundamental Law asserting national sovereignty and the supremacy of legislation accept any constitutional regulation that is backed by the necessary amount of votes. On the other hand, opponents have disliked everything that has happened in Hungarian constitutional law since 2010 on the premises of global constitutional values, the lack of consensus, self-restraint or elegance. The present paper aims to evaluate the Fundamental Law of Hungary through the lens of Joseph Raz’s seven constitutional criteria that might serve as a structured approach to analysis that is acceptable to those who express supportive as well as critical opinions on the Fundamental Law. Indeed, based upon Raz’s criteria we have come to the conclusion that the new constitutional regime does not meet one single criterion that is connected to its acceptance. As the Fundamental Law was accepted rapidly, without any endorsement by the opposing parties or any referendum, it cannot be demonstrated that it mediates general values accepted by the whole society.
The Legal Fiction of a Genuine Link as a Requirement for the Grant of Nationality to Ships and Humans – the Triumph of Formality over Substance?
Authors: Gauci Gotthard Mark , Aquilina Kevin
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses nationality of a person, whether physical or legal, and compares and contrasts the international legal regime which regulates the nationality of both persons. Whilst humans are granted nationality because they are citizens of a state to which they owe allegiance, in the case of a res which enjoy nationality – such as a ship – the relationship between such a res and its national state is based on a functional dimension. A ship oftentimes navigates in areas beyond state jurisdiction (such as on the high seas) ending up in a legal vacuum if she enjoys no nationality to regulate its behaviour and whatever happens on board that ship during its extra-territorial voyages. The authors thus discuss the juridical nature of nationality, nationality of a res and of humans, and reflect upon the recent sale by states of their nationality to non-citizens thereby shifting human nationality closer to the commodification of nationality of which ships are a traditional instance. It concludes that nationality of ships and of humans has in some legal systems moved away from the classical International Court of Justice’s Nottebohm case requirement of a pre-existing genuine link to one where nationality is reduced to a commodity.
Appointing a President that Represents the Unity of the People in Kosovo
Authors: Muçaj Florent , Mucaj Avdylkader
Published: February 2018

The article examines the constitutional position of the president of republic in the view of the appointment procedure established in Hamiti et al and Derguti et al. Both constitutional court decisions have construed a rhetorical interpretation of the expected role of the president of republic as representative of the unity of the people in a constitutional nutshell. The article questions both decisions’ structural rationality and legitimacy in what is likely a tough political controversy requiring two-third majority for the appointment of the president of republic in the first two rounds. To better designate the logic upon which the court relied when ruling in the two decisions, the article considers relevant comparative literature and case-law to channel the analysis. The article concludes that though the court demonstrated a rather activist tone in interpreting the procedure for the appointment of the president of republic, it also showed quite unprecedented willingness to constitutionally empower the position of the president of republic on basis of appointment-related preconditions.
Stroke Secondary to Traumatic Carotid Artery Injury – A Case Report
Authors: Bajkó Zoltán , Maier Smaranda , Moțățăianu Anca , Bălașa Rodica , Vasiu Smaranda , Stoian Adina , Andone Sebastian
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Lesions of the carotid and vertebral arteries secondary to direct trauma, called blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) are relatively rare and are markedly different from spontaneous dissections. Ischaemic stroke is a significant complication, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The basis of a diagnosis relies on appropriate, high sensitivity imaging screening.

Case report: We present the case of a 31 years old male patient with polytraumatism secondary to a motor vehicle accident, who was admitted to an orthopaedic clinic for multiple lower extremity fractures. His fractures were treated surgically. He developed in the 3rd day after the admission left sided hemiparesis secondary to ischaemic stroke. The diagnosis of traumatic carotid artery injury (TCAI) was based on duplex ultrasound and angio CT scans. The outcome was favourable despite the severe carotid lesions presenting with occlusion secondary to dissection.

Conclusions: In the majority of BCVI cases there is a variable latent period between the time of injury and the development of stroke. The management of cases is challenging because in the majority of cases there are multiple associated injuries. Although antithrombotics are widely used in the treatment, there is no consensus regarding the type of agent, the optimal dose or treatment duration.
Using Fishers Knowledge in Community Based Fisheries Management in the River Nun Estuary, Niger Delta
Authors: Ngodigha Sabina , Gbarabe Roland , Augustine Ayeibatonworio
Published: February 2018

A study of fishers’ knowledge in community based fisheries management practices in the Nun River estuary were conducted to assess the contribution of fishers’ knowledge to fisheries resources conservation. The total number of fishers that operated in the area were 390, and 221 fishers were interviewed based on a minimum of 10 years fishing experience using the socio-ecological approach. The laws introduced are banned on the use of mesh size less than five cm and banned on chemical fishing. Fishers caught using chemicals to fish were arrested and handed over to the police for prosecution. The management method has enhanced conservation of fisheries’ resources, which is a major source of livelihood for the people. It is therefore pertinent to introduce community based laws to check over exploitation of fisheries’ resources in fishing communities in the Niger Delta.
LINGGA BERHIAS PADMA ASTADALA
Authors: Rema Nyoman , Sunarya Nyoman
Published: February 2018

Worship of Lord Siwa with medium lingga is very popular in Bali, evidenced by the large number of lingga on holy places in Bali, with various forms. The purpose of this study was to determine the form, function, and meaning of the lingga in the region. Results of this study are different forms of the lingga, which is spread over the area in Penebel District. However, as object of research is decorated with padma aadala lingga at Jambe Langu and Puseh Sunantaya Temple. The lingga is the lingga pseudo lingga consisting of Siwabhaga, rectangular pedestal decorated with padma aadala. Lingga is used as a medium of worship of Lord Siwa to invoke safety. Lingga is meaningful as a symbol of inner purity, creation and freedom.Pemujaan Dewa Siwa dengan media lingga sangat populer di Bali, dibuktikan dengan bayaknya jumlah lingga pada tempat-tempat suci di Bali, dengan berbagai bentuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk, fungsi, dan makna lingga di kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini berupa berbagai bentuk lingga, yang tersebar di kawasan Kecamatan Penebel. Namun, yang dijadikan objek penelitian adalah lingga yang berhiaskan padma aadala di Pura Jambe Langudan Pura Puseh Sunantaya. Lingga tersebut adalah lingga semu yang terdiri atas Siwabhaga, lapik segi empat yang berhiaskan padma aadala. Lingga ini digunakan sebagai media pemujaan kepada Dewa Siwa untuk memohon keselamatan. Lingga ini bermakna sebagai simbol kesucian batin, penciptaan dan kebebasan.
PEMETAAN HABITAT BENTIK INTERTIDAL: Informasi Awal Perencanaan Pengelolaan Pesisir Laut Secara Spasial di Bulak Setra dan Batu Karas, Kabupaten Pangandaran
Authors: Pranata Rendra
Published: February 2018

Ekosistem pesisir Kabupaten Pangandaran memiliki biodiversitas yang cukup tinggi, namun pasca-tsunami tahun 2006 terjadi penurunan kerapatan ekosistem mangrove akibat rusaknya daerah pesisir dan wilayah permukiman sepanjang 28 km. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi habitat bentik di kawasan intertidal seperti mangrove dan makrozoobentos, serta mengukur parameter kualitas air. Metode yang digunakan yaitu interpretasi citra Landsat 7 tahun 2017 dengan melakukan masking dan supervised classification untuk mengetahui daerah tutupan mangrove di Bulak Setra dan Batu Karas, kemudian dilakukan identifikasi mangrove dengan transek kuadran 10x10 meter sepanjang 50 meter ke arah laut pada 7 plot di Bulak Setra dan 14 plot di Batu Karas untuk validasi data citra satelit. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengukuran parameter kualitas air serta identifikasi makrozoobentos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mangrove di Bulak Setra didominasi oleh Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea dari 8 spesies lain yang ditemukan dengan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) 94,41%, sedangkan di Batu Karas didominasi oleh Avicennia alba dari 8 spesies lain yang ditemukan dengan INP 157%. Nilai rata-rata parameter kualitas air di Bulak Setra dan Batu Karas berturut-turut yaitu suhu 30oC dan 29,41oC, salinitas 5,56 psu dan 27,23 psu, pH 7,48 dan 6,86 serta konsentrasi Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5,2 dan 6,5 mg/L. Makrozoobentos didominasi oleh kelas Gastropoda. Faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat juga disajikan sebagai informasi sumber daya manusia yang akan berperan menjadi komponen pembangunan pengelolaan pesisir. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi informasi awal dalam pengelolaan perencanaan wilayah pesisir di Bulak Setra dan Batu Karas.

Kata kunci: bentik, intertidal, mangrove
ANALISIS SEBARAN CURAH HUJAN WILAYAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN INDIKATOR IKLIM DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Sari Juwita
Published: February 2018

Sebaran curah hujan di wilayah provinsi Sumatera Barat menunjukkan distribusi yang tidak seragam di berbagai wilayah Sumatera Barat yang berdampak pada keberlangsungan kehidupan masyarakatnya termasuk menyangkut kebencanaan yang sering terjadi di wilayah Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan variasi spasial curah hujan dengan metode SPI dan kaitannya dengan beberapa indikator iklim yakni indeks nino3.4, DMI, SST perairan barat Sumatera dan Angin permukaan. Distribusi curah hujan melalui metode SPI penting untuk diketahui karena berhubungan dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya air, pengurangan risiko bencana, dan menunjang pembangunan daerah sumatera Barat. Analisis ini telah didukung dengan perkembangan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) termasuk analisis spasial curah hujan metode SPI dengan teknik interpolasi berupa IDW. Data utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hujan tiga tahun yang mewakili tiga kondisi umum pengaruh El Nino, La Nina, dan konsidi normal di wilayah Sumatera Barat yang diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG). Umumnya rata-rata korelasi pada setiap indikator iklim untuk tujuh titik pengamatan di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan nilai dari 0,4-0,8 dengan dominasi korelasi tertinggi berada pada kondisi pengaruh La Nina atau kondisi basah.

Kata Kunci : Curah Hujan, Sumatera Barat, Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), Korelasi, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
AKURASI PERHITUNGAN LUAS UNTUK PERHITUNGAN DANA DESA
Authors: Amhar Fahmi
Published: February 2018

Perhitungan dana desa memerlukan informasi luas desa.  Pada saat ini, sebagian besar luas desa masih ditentukan dengan data indikatif yang didapatkan secara kartometrik.  Demikian juga perencanaan ketahanan pangan membutuhkan data luas lahan baku sawah.  Tulisan ini akan membahas besar kesalahan luas yang diakibatkan oleh sistem proyeksi UTM dibanding dengan luas sesungguhnya.  Porsi kesalahan ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan beberapa sumber kesalahan data yang lain, seperti posisi titik kontrol tanah (GCP) untuk ortorektifikasi citra tegak yang menggunakan titik alami secara post-marking, identifikasi objek pada citra, dan sumber data kartometrik dari peta skala kecil dan menengah.  Kesalahan luas akibat sistem proyeksi dihitung dengan metode perbandingan, antara hitungan luas secara ellipsoidal dengan rumus rigid pada beberapa lokasi, dibandingkan dengan hitungan dalam beberapa jenis proyeksi menggunakan software-software SIG.  Sedang kesalahan akibat GCP dan peta skala lebih kecil dicari di literatur.  Secara umum, kontribusi kesalahan akibat sistem proyeksi ternyata jauh lebih kecil daripada kesalahan akibat penggunaan GCP secara postmarking, identifikasi objek dan sumber data kartometrik dari peta skala menengah.

Kata kunci: perhitungan luas, dana desa, akurasi
ANALISIS JEMBATAN PENYEBERANGAN ORANG (JPO) TRANSJAKARTA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PERPADUAN INFRASTRUKTUR DENGAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)
Authors: Kautsar Lady Hafidaty Rahma
Published: February 2018

Dampak perubahan iklim akibat pemanasan global yang parah dan lebih awal, diprediksi diterima kawasan tropis, termasuk Indonesia. DKI Jakarta diperkirakan mencapai suhu terpanas ditahun 2029, yang mana ditandai peningkatan suhu sebesar 12,52ºC dari tahun 1940 (26,48ºC) hingga tahun 2012 (39ºC). Sebagai respon adaptasi dan mengurangi pemanasan global, pemerintah mencanangkan Program Pengembangan Kota Hijau (P2KH). Namun, RTH, salah satu fokus utama P2KH, terkendala keterbatasan lahan, perubahan atau penyimpangan fungsi RTH. Di Jakarta, luas RTH dari 35% pada tahun 1970-an menjadi 10% pada tahun 2009, kemudian pada tahun 2011 menjadi 9,8%. Padahal fungsi pengendali keseimbangan ekologis struktur kota dapat terjadi apabila RTH memiliki proporsi minimal 30% dari keseluruhan kota. Berkaitan hal tersebut, perlu strategi pemanfaatan “celah” ruang yang memiliki potensi lahan, seperti jalur jembatan pejalan orang (JPO). Penelitian membahas prioritas lokasi JPO Transjakarta untuk RTH Taman Atap melalui metode overlay dengan pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS). Matriks penentuan prioritas ialah suhu permukaan, sebaran CO, Indeks Vegetasi, persebaran JPO Transjakarta. Sesuai tujuan penelitian aplikatif yaitu untuk penerapan RTH Taman Atap di JPO Transjakarta, dilakukan penelitian persepsi dan preferensi pengguna JPO dengan metode kuisioner. Hasil persebaran prioritas RTH Taman Atap di JPO Transjakarta berada di wilayah Jakarta Barat, Jakarta Pusat dan Jakarta Selatan. Diketahui bahwa pengguna JPO Transjakarta kurang mengetahui UHI, tetapi menyatakan ketidaknyaman terhadap UHI dari indikator suhu dan kuantitas polutan. Preferensi menunjukkan persetujuan keberadaan Taman Atap di JPO Transjakarta, terutama untuk tanaman anti polutan dengan pilihan tanaman lidah mertua (Sansiviera), bunga, tanaman merambat, dan tanaman perdu.
Kata kunci: Jembatan Penyeberangan Orang (JPO), Infrastruktur, Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH)
What Does it Mean to be Latinx-serving? Testing the Utility of the Typology of HSI Organizational Identities
Authors: Garcia Gina Ann
Published: February 2018

While scholars agree that enrolling a large percentage of Latinx students is not enough for postsecondary institutions to be considered “Latinx-serving,” there continues to be a debate about what it means for institutions to have an organizational identity for serving this population. The Typology of HSI Organizational Identities is a guiding framework that suggests there are multiple ways for an institution to serve Latinx students, and thus multiple “types” of Hispanic- Serving Institutions (HSIs). The typology considers academic and non-academic outcomes for Latinx students as well as the institution’s ability to provide a culture that enhances their racial/ethnic experience. In this study, I used the typology to classify four HSIs and two emerging HSIs in the Midwest, a geographic area in the United States with a growing population of Latinxs and HSIs. I drew on secondary data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and primary data from institutional websites. In doing so, I sought to test the utility of the typology for classifying institutions for research, practice, and policy, and found that it is a useful tool for looking at how postsecondary institutions may serve Latinx students beyond enrollment. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Latino Faculty in Hispanic-Serving Institutions: Where is the Diversity?
Authors: Contreras Frances
Published: February 2018

Diversity in higher education with respect to faculty composition and executive leadership remains an elusive goal for many institutions of higher education. Over thirty years of research on faculty of color in academe has found that the pipeline for faculty of color still remains a significant challenge across higher education institutions and sectors (Turner, Gonzalez, & Wood, & 2008). For Hispanic-Serving Institutions, that possess a diverse base of students, faculty diversity, and the presence of Latino faculty, plays a critical role in academic excellence, mentorship and overall climate (Milem, 2003; Santos & Acevedo-Gil, 2013). This study examined two systems of higher education in California to explore the trends in Latino faculty diversity, given the critical mass of Latino undergraduates at both the community college and California State University systems of higher education. Findings suggest a disconnect between student diversity and tenure line faculty diversity exists. For HSI systems, like those present in California, faculty diversity may play an even greater role in raising Latino college completion, ultimately transforming the next generation of Latinos in California.
Hispanic-Serving Institution Scholars and Administrators on Improving Latina/Latino/Latinx/Hispanic Teacher Pipelines: Critical Junctures along Career Pathways
Authors: Turner Caroline S. , Cosmé Pedro X. , Dinehart Laura , Martí Raquel , McDonald David , Ramirez Martin , Rápalo Lester Sandres , Zamora Juana
Published: February 2018

This article emerges from the collaborative work of Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) scholars and administrators. From their perspectives as acting HSI leaders, the authors examine research/programs/practices [relevant to their institutions] pertaining to attracting, preparing, employing, and retaining Latina/o/x/Hispanic teachers. Research and programs noted here identify challenges, facilitators, and recommendations for improving Latina/o/x/Hispanic educational outcomes and for increasing the number of Latina/o/x/Hispanic teachers. Increasing the number of Latina/o/x/Hispanic teachers involves processes that are circular and iterative; encompassing their educational pathways from early schooling experiences to the more advanced stage of the teaching workplace.