bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Crushing Behavior of Polystyrene Coated Spherical Shaped Aluminum Foams
Authors: UZUN Arif
Published: September 2020

In
this study, the crushing behavior of spherically shaped aluminum foam pieces
coated with polystyrene and uncoated under compression load was investigated. The
spherical shaped aluminum foam parts produced by powder metallurgy with
diameters of 8 mm and 10 mm were coated with polystyrene by the injection
molding process. The obtained foam elements were then subject to quasi-static
compression tests at room temperature with a constant cross head speed of 1
mm/min. According to the experimental results, polystyrene coatings increased
the energy damping capacity of the foams by approximately 115% while increasing
the density by about 50%.
Santrifüj Dekantör Helezonunun Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi
Authors: SARI Gözde , AKIŞ Ahmet Alper , ÜĞÜDÜCÜ Gökhan
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada atık su
arıtma sektöründe kullanılan dekantör makinesi için araştırma ve geliştirme
çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında atık su arıtma sektöründe
kullanılan dekantörlerde helezon tasarımı ve analizi yapılmıştır. Dekantörlerde
makine içine alınan ürün, yüksek devirlerde dönerek katı ve sıvı olarak iki
veya daha fazla faza ayrılır. Katı fazın susuzlaştırılıp dışarıya taşınması
için helezon ile tambur farklı açısal hızlar ile dönmektedir. Makinede yüksek
devirlerde dönen iki rotorun bulunması, helezonun asimetrik yapıda olması ve
içeriye alınan ürünün homojen dağılmaması gibi nedenlerden dolayı helezon
yapraklarına kuvvetler uygulanmaktadır. Tasarım için öncelikle makine içerisine
alınan karışımın hareketini modelleyen matematiksel eşitlikler ile tambur ve
helezona gelen yükler belirlenmiştir. Farklı yaprak kalınlığına sahip
helezonların sonlu elemanlar yöntemini temel alan analiz programı ANSYS
kullanılarak dayanımı belirlenmiştir. Helezon yaprakları farklı alınarak
helezon yaprakları için gerilme grafikleri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca her bir
yaprak kalınlığı için emniyet katsayı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Emniyet katsayı
değeri minimum 2 olması durumu dikkate alındığında yaprak kalınlığının minimum
9mm olması gerekmektedir. Bu durumda maksimum eşdeğer gerilme değeri 115
MPa’dır.
Köprülerin Yapısal Analizinde Hareketli Yük Dağıtma Katsayıları Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜLKER PEKER Fatma , İNCE Ragıp
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada
AASHTO-LRFD Köprü Şartnamesinde uygulama ve hesap özellikleri verilen hareketli
yük dağıtma katsayılarının (LLDF) köprülerin analizinde kullanılması
araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, üç açıklıklı 30-30-30 m ve 33-50-38 m köprülerin
LLDF hesaplamaları AASHTO Şartnamesine göre yapılmıştır. Bu köprüler yaklaşık
analiz yöntemi olan Çizgisel-Kiriş yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir ve hesaplanan
LLDF katsayıları analizde kullanılmıştır. 30-30-30 m köprünün SAP2000
programıyla ve 33-50-38 m köprünün CSiBridge programıyla analizi yapılmıştır.
Bu programlarla yapılan analizde LLDF katsayıları program tarafından otomatik
olarak hesaplamalara katılmaktadır. 
Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Çizgisel-Kiriş yöntemiyle analizden elde
edilen sonuçların, hassas ve kesin analiz yapan SAP2000 ve CSiBridge
programlarıyla elde edilen sonuçlara çok yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Böylece, AASHTO
Tasarım Şartnamesi’ne göre LLDF hesaplamalarının yapısal analizde kullanımının
doğruluğu ve uygunluğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Purpose, conditions and indications for the operation of the so-called "high forceps"
Authors: Burlakov V. M.
Published: September 2020

Origo artis obstetriciae ab experientia, experientiae occasio a necessitate ... What are high forceps (forceps obstetricia superior s. Alta)? According to Max Runge, the ischial spines are the true guiding thread for determining the height of the head: if it is no longer possible to reach them with a finger, then this means that the head probably already stands with its largest circumference in the pelvis).
G. Schiffer. — Ueber Darmobstruktion nach Köliotomien mit Bezug auf trockene und feuchte Asepsis in ter Bauchhöhle. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, no. 38). About intestinal obstruction after gastrointestinal surgery, depending on dry and wet method of decaying the abdominal cavity.
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

According to the author, the dry aseptic method for celiac cuts provides favorable conditions for intestinal fusion, leading to their obstruction.
R. Olshausen. — About vaginal extirpation. (Centr. F Gynaecologie, No. 1, 1895)
Authors: Stroganov V.
Published: September 2020

O. describes the method he used to remove vaginal cancer, which, in his opinion, among others, also has the advantage that it reduces the chances of contracting cancer during surgery.
Pricing in Abundance
Authors: De Ridder John
Published: September 2020

Small island nations that have relied on satellites for international connectivity are now being connected by submarine cables that have infinitely more capacity. The hope is that these cables will lift the social and economic development of the economies connected. This hope is more likely to be realized with the adoption of wholesale traffic pricing based on the capacity abundance brought by the cable system rather than historical wholesale bandwidth pricing, which assumes capacity scarcity.
Reductions in the wholesale cost of international connectivity are more likely to be passed on to end users if there is retail competition. The proposed wholesale pricing model facilitates increased retail competition.
These ideas are explored in a case study of the Cook Islands, which is a member of the Manatua Cable Project.
Delayed onset of breastfeeding: what is stopping us?
Authors: Gadhavi Ketan , Deo Ruta
Published: September 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is the best meal for a new born child. Various initiatives are in place for early initiation of breastfeeding. The effectiveness of these interventions is put to question when a large number of neonates fail to receive breast milk soon after birth. This study analyses the parameters likely to affect the time of onset of breastfeeding and evaluate the scope for interventions. It is important to assess the factors affecting initiation of breastfeeding, determine the relationship of these factors with the time of initiation and to analyse if counselling by health care workers has any benefit on outcome.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional observational study in 200 lactating mothers from a pre-designed questionnaire. Main outcome measure- early onset (<1 hour of birth) of breastfeeding.Results: Only 55% neonates included in this study were breastfed within the first 30 minutes. Positive influence for early initiation of breastfeeding was found with non primi mothers aged more than 26 years, with secondary or higher education, who had vaginal birth with institutional delivery. Early oral intake of mother with professional women living in joint family started early breastfeeding. Use of pre lacteal feeds delayed the onset of breastfeeding. Infants fed earlier were males, weight >2.2 kg. Women counselled by health care workers fed their babies earlier.  Conclusions: This study surmises that pre lacteal feeds should be discouraged and active health care workers’ participation should be encouraged for early breastfeeding. Breastfeeding should be initiated as soon as possible for healthy neonatal outcome.
Giant fetal lymphangioma with non-immune hydrops fetalis
Authors: Paul Jerin Monisha , Sakthigirisamy Prabhukumar , Lakshmanan Ilangumaran , Mullainathan Sucindar , Sambandam Saravanan
Published: September 2020

Fetal lymphangioma is one of the rarest congenital malformation occuring in the newborn. We are reporting a giant fetal lymphangioma which may be the largest one so far reported in medical literature and its association with non immune hydrops fetalis. A late preterm 35+3 weeks gestation female neonate with birth weight of 3.8 kg was delivered via emergency caesarean section, for prevention of birth injuries in view of large for gestation. Baby had weak cry at birth. On examination a giant cystic mass extending from right hemithorax to right anterolateral abdominal wall measuring 25×12.5×9 cm was present. Systemic examination revealed respiratory distress and ascites. Neonate was admitted in NICU and started on supportive measures, despite which went into cardio respiratory arrest at second hour of life and revived with Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Baby had second cardiopulmonary arrest at 9 hours of life and couldn’t be revived. Antenatal ultrasound showed massive ascites, bilateral pleural effusion with cardiomegaly and multiseptated cystic swelling over right chest wall. Based on clinical and antenatal findings we made a diagnosis of Giant fetal lymphangioma with non-immune hydrops fetalis. Giant fetal lymphangioma is an antenatal diagnosis. Its association with non-immune hydrops fetalis is a bad prognostic indicator with high mortality.
Hiperplasia nodular linfoide de colon en niños: ¿un hallazgo normal o una condición patológica subestimada?
Authors: Cadena León José Francisco , Sempértegui Cárdenas Pablo Xavier , Sempértegui Cárdenas Pablo Xavier , Ignorosa Arellano Karen Rubí , Ignorosa Arellano Karen Rubí , Toro Monjaráz Erick Manuel , Toro Monjaráz Erick Manuel , Zárate Mondragón Flora Elva , Zárate Mondragón Flora Elva , Cervantes Bustamante Roberto , Cervantes Bustamante Roberto , Ramírez Mayans Jaime Alfonso , Ramírez Mayans Jaime Alfonso
Published: September 2020

La hiperplasia nodular linfoide es la coexistencia de más de 10 nódulos linfoides protruidos hacia la luz que se advierten durante un estudio de endoscopia, por mucho tiempo se consideró “normal” en niños; sin embargo, ahora se reporta en pacientes con dolor abdominal crónico, constipación resistente, anemia inexplicable, sangrado de tubo digestivo, diarrea crónica y retardo del crecimiento. Cada vez se dispone de más evidencia que la asocia con infecciones: giardiasis, oxiuriasis, colitis por ameba o E. coli; inmunodeficiencias: común variable, deficiencia de IgA, hipogammaglobulinemia, VIH; alergia alimentaria; enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y síndrome de intestino irritable, entre otras. La confirmación se establece con el estudio histopatológico, con hiperplasia de folículos linfoides, centros germinales con actividad mitótica y mantos de linfocitos debidamente definidos localizados en la lámina propia o submucosa superficial.El tratamiento está dirigido a la causa de base, aunque no siempre es posible establecer se ha reportado la indicación de dietas de eliminación (alergia alimentaria) y salicilatos. El potencial de malignización no está completamente demostrado; en casos seleccionados se ha propuesto el seguimiento estrecho con estudios de endoscopia. Es importante que el profesional de la salud conozca los hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos orientadores de hiperplasia nodular linfoide, los síntomas gastrointestinales más comúnmente asociados, las causas en las que puede manifestarse y el potencial de malignización descrito para ofrecer un mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento dirigido al paciente pediátrico. El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar información actual referente a su definición, epidemiología, etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
Detección oportuna del niño con trastorno del lenguaje
Authors: Lombardo Aburto Esther
Published: September 2020

Existen diferentes formas de comunicación a través de las cuales se transmite y recibe el mensaje mediante un código común y una vía o canal. Estas pueden ser por medio de gestos, expresiones faciales, corporales, táctiles, sonoras etc;1 sin embargo, son el lenguaje oral y escrito los que constituyen el grado más alto de la evolución lingüística privativas del ser humano.2
Study of factors influencing behavioral stereotypes regarding health in students of medical specialties
Authors: Fedorishcheva E. K. , Gareeva Irina A. , Kosilov Kirill V.
Published: September 2020

This article, from the standpoint of a structural-functional approach, explores the influence of socio-economic, social, organizational, psychological factors of the educational space of a medical university on the choice of students' behavioral strategies in relation to health-saving behavior. The results obtained indicate a low self-esteem by students of behavioral stereotypes regarding health. According to the data obtained, the average total variable quantitatively describing negative behavioral standards in the framework of the two-component model (stereotyping factors) is most strongly correlated with environmental factors such as disturbance in regular and rational nutrition, lack of comfortable living conditions and training, inaccessibility for various reasons of sports facilities, an uncomfortable class schedule and several others. The authors conclude that current models of beliefs about health, motivation-information-skills, planned behavior, subjective expected usefulness, motivation for protection, are poorly applicable to the studied category, which probably can be associated with a lack of propensity for introspection and reflection, rationalization of their own behavior, characteristic of student youth environment. At the same time, a pilot study of the tendency to copy behavioral stereotypes regarding health made it possible to draw a preliminary conclusion that most students refer to the behavior of friends, university teachers, and to a lesser extent opinion leaders and parents as role models. These data can be the basis for further expanded study of the processes of formation of behavioral strategies in relation to health and analysis of the results in the light of ideas about socially acceptable behavior of a person as a result of learning and communicative impact on a person.
Superação de dormência em sementes de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. com métodos físicos e químicos
Authors: Mendonça Allysson Jonhnny Torres , Silva Marcelo Cléon Castro , Berto Franklyn Hugo Ramalho , Gondim Ancélio Ricardo De Oliveira , Medeiros Mizael Nabor Vaz de , Lins Weslley Lima
Published: September 2020

A leucena é uma espécie florestal que proporciona forragem de boa qualidade e, pode ser utilizada como adubo verde, porém, suas sementes apresentam dormência causada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento à água, provocando redução na germinação, o que dificulta a produção de mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a superação de dormência em sementes de leucena por métodos físicos e químicos. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições composto por 20 sementes em cada tratamento. Utilizou-se como tratamentos químicos a imersão das sementes em ácido sulfúrico concentrado durante 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 minutos. Os tratamentos físicos usados foram o desponte (corte com estilete em lado oposto à micrópila), a escarificação com lixa d'agua nº 80 e a escarificação com lixa d’agua nº 100 (nestes dois últimos tratamentos lixou-se a semente em lado oposto à micrópila), tendo também o tratamento testemunha (sem intervenção). Avaliou-se o índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, percentagem de germinação por um período de 10 dias após o semeio, altura de plântula, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do caule, matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e matéria fresca e seca da raiz. O método mais adequado para superar a dormência em sementes de leucena é o uso da escarificação com lixa d’água nº 100.
Occupational and environmental health hazards in Brick Kilns
Authors: Saha Mrinal Kanti , Ahmed Syed Jamal , Sheikh Mohammad Abu Hanif , Mostafa Md Golam
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Industrial safety and a healthy environment reduce the ill- nesses, injuries, and accidental incidents of the workers as well as property damages. The study aimed to identify the health risk issues and assess their impacts on labors around the brick kiln areas in Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: The study conducted a survey based on a structured questionnaire to collect health-related compliance from the brick kiln work- ers. It also selected 12 brick kiln clusters in Rajshahi and Gazipur districts, and several samplings were made. The analyzed data were compared with the prescribed national and international standards.
Results: The survey results showed that the respondents were suffering from different diseases like respiratory and skin diseases, eye irritation, fatigue, hearing problem, headache, etc., due to the occupational hazard in the kiln areas. The study results illustrated that the particulate matter pollutants, in- cluding PM2.5, PM10, and SPM were found higher than the permissible stan-dard that caused asthmatic disease. Most of the physicochemical  parameters for surface water analysis exceeded the permissible standard indicating water pollution occurred around the kiln areas. The sound level was found higher than the acceptable level of Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE) standard 75 dB.
Conclusion: The study observed that brick kiln emitted gases caused huge pollution in the areas threatened the human health and the crusher machine created the high intensity of noise resulted in significant adverse health im- pacts of the brick kiln labor. However, most of the labors were not well aware of occupational safety and hazards, and health-related compliances in the kiln areas.
The survey Awareness of Students in Hamadan School of Rehabilitation about Patients’ Rights Charter
Authors: Mortazavi Z , Hosseini SA , Jafari V , Heshmati B , Mortazai SS
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Patients’ right charter has been implemented for equal accessibility to all healthcare services. knowledge and regard of Patients' Rights is important to improve quality and strengthen the health system and patient satisfaction. The current study has been done with aim of evaluating the survey awareness of students in Hamedan school rehabilitation about patients’ charter.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was performed. The study population included 143 students (all of them) in rehabilitation facility. The data-gathering tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the elements of Iran patients' rights developed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME).The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS 23 software.
Result: The results show that students were 64.3% female and 35.7% male. 44.1% occupational therapists, 30.8% speech therapists, 25.2% audiologists. The inputs of the year 92 were 8.4%, the inputs of the year 93 were 34.3%, the inputs of the year 94 were 35% and the inputs of the year 95 were 22.4%. The total awareness of students was 10.62 ± 4.70 There was a significant relationship between knowledge of access to the effective system of complaints and access to information and the year of entry students (P = 0.02). There wasn't significant relationship between gender and Age and field of study the students’ awareness (P = 0.14) (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Approximately half of the participated students had low level of awareness about patients’ charter right .Therefore, it is suggested that greater emphasis should be placed on inclusion and support of patients' rights in course and curriculum planning is necessary.
دشواری های مطلوب و آموزش اکوکاردیوگرافی
Authors: ثابت علی حسین
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Left Ventricular Dimension after Mitral Valve Surgery in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis: the Impact of Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Haykal Putra Teuku Muhammad , Sukmawan Renan , Desandri Dwita Rian , Atmadikoesoemah Celly A. , Elen Elen , Kasim Manoefris
Published: September 2020

Background: Patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) experience changes in left ventricular (LV) dimensions after mitral valve surgery. We sought to investigate changes in LV dimensional parameters after mitral valve surgery and find out whether the same changes occurred in different extents of myocardial fibrosis.
Methods: This prospective observational study comprised 43 patients with rheumatic MS planned for mitral valve surgery between October 2017 and April 2018 in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita (NCCHK) Jakarta. All the patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging based on the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) protocol for myocardial fibrosis assessment prior to surgery. The patients were classified according to the estimated fibrosis volume considered to influence hemodynamic performance (myocardial fibrosis <5% and myocardial fibrosis ≥5%). Serial transthoracic echocardiographic examinations before and after surgery were performed to detect changes in LV dimensional parameters.
Results: This study consisted of 31 (72.1%) women and 12 (27.9%) men at a mean age of 46±9 years. The LGE protocol revealed myocardial fibrosis of less than 5% in 32 (74.4%) patients. A significant increase was detected in the LV end-diastolic diameter postoperatively, specifically in the patients with myocardial fibrosis of less than 5% (44.0±4.8 mm vs 46.6±5.6 mm; P value=0.027). A similar significant increase was not found in the other group (45.0±6.6 mm vs 46.7±6.9 mm; P value=0.256). Other changes in echocardiographic parameters showed similar patterns in both groups.
Conclusion: Our patients with rheumatic MS who had myocardial fibrosis of less than 5% demonstrated better improvements in terms of increased preload. Myocardial fibrosis of less than 5% is associated with more favorable improvements in LV geometry.
Endovascular Repair of a Common Carotid Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kassaian Seyed Ebrahim , Molavi Behnam , Abbasi Kyomars , Sadeghian Mohammad , Yazdani Shahrooz
Published: September 2020

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder. Physicians should be alerted to the possibility of BD in a patient with a carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and no clear predisposing factor such as neck trauma or surgery. Endovascular repair of carotid pseudoaneurysms is technically feasible with excellent midterm follow-up results. Administration of immunosuppressive therapy before endovascular intervention is mandatory to reduce the chance of vascular complications accompanied by BD. A 40-year-old man presented with a painful and pulsatile neck mass with 2 episodes of transient ischemic attacks. The patient also complained of recurrent urogenital ulcers and aphthous lesions together with painful rashes. Ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography revealed 2 aneurysmal dilations in the left common carotid artery at the bifurcation level. He was referred to a rheumatologist, who made the diagnosis of BD. High-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide were commenced. One week later, 2 overlapping self-expanding stent grafts were deployed. The final angiogram showed no residual endoleak, and the flow of the carotid and cerebral arteries was satisfactory. The patient was discharged with no neurological complications. Follow-up ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography 6 months later showed no endoleak, as well as significant shrinkage of the aneurysm sac.
Comparing Iran's Healthcare System Efficiency with OECD Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Nosrati Nejad Farhad , Basakha Mehdi , Morovvati sharifabadi Ali
Published: September 2020

Background: The health sector is one of the most important service sectors and one of the indicators of development and social welfare. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Iranchr('39')s health system compared to developed countries.Methods: This study used data envelopment analysis to evaluate efficiency. All members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), along with Iran, were considered as the decision units in the analysis. Outputs are life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate; and inputs are health expenditure, number of physicians, and number of hospital beds. DEA Solver software was used for the analysis.Results: The most efficient countries in terms of the health system are Canada, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Iran. Their inefficiency was calculated using the axial output model. The most inefficient countries were Portugal, Germany, the United States, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.Conclusion: Iranchr('39')s health system was found efficient, which showed that in terms of life expectancy and infant mortality rate (2 important markers of the health system), Iran performed efficiently comparing to its inputs, health expenditures, physicians, and the hospital bed. However, the Iranian health system was more efficient in this method due to the fewer inputs (physician and hospital bed) with similar outputs to other countries (life expectancy and infant mortality rate). On the other hand, the outbreak of the coronavirus showed that the health systems of the countries should be prepared for such pandemics and be able to increase the number of hospital beds, physicians, and other health system inputs.
EFEITO DA APLICAÇÃO DA CINZA DA CASCA DE ARROZ SOBRE ATRIBUTOS DE SOLO SOB PASTAGEM
Authors: Martins Filho Milton Carlos Fabrica , Hanke Daniel , Nascimento Shirley Grazieli Da Silva , Ávila Mariana Rockenbach de , Manriquez Daniel Ernesto Trujillo
Published: September 2020

A aplicação de materiais carbonizados em solos pode resultar em melhoria de seus atributos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos. Entretanto, trabalhos que foquem sobre o efeito da aplicação da cinza da casca de arroz em solos ainda são escassos na literatura. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da cinza de casca de arroz sobre os atributos químicos, físicos, e físico-químicos do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo (Luvissolo) sob pastagem em Dom Pedrito, RS. A amostragem foi feita em topossequência nas seguintes condições: i) pastagem com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz (4,8 Mg ha-1) e; ii) pastagem sem aplicação de cinza. Posteriormente, foram determinados atributos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos de solo. Através dos resultados, averiguou-se que o uso da cinza no solo tem a capacidade de diminuir a acidez, aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes e melhora as condições estruturais dos perfis de solo analisados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resíduos Industriais, Fertilidade do Solo, Matéria orgânica do solo, Acidez do solo.
Zmiany ludnościowe małych miast w strefach zaplecza głównych aglomeracji miejskich w Polsce
Authors: Szmytkie Robert , Sikorski Dominik
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja głównych trendów zmian ludnościowych w małych miastach położonych w strefach zaplecza największych aglomeracji miejskich w Polsce w latach 1995–2018. Założono, że sytuacja ludnościowa małych miast jest w głównej mierze zależna od ich położenia względem miasta centralnego (a w zasadzie dostępności komunikacyjnej do miasta centralnego) oraz jego kondycji społeczno-gospodarczej. Analizę przeprowadzono dla miast położonych w strefach bezpośredniego oddziaływania ośrodków stanowiących rdzenie głównych, a zarazem największych pod względem liczby ludności aglomeracji miejskich w Polsce, tzn. Warszawy, Krakowa, Łodzi, Wrocławia, Poznania i Trójmiasta, koncentrując się na miastach małych, liczących do 20 tys. mieszkańców (67). Analiza trendów i głównych czynników zmian ludnościowych przy pomocy diagramu Webba umożliwiła wydzielenie 8 typów małych miast w zależności od ich sytuacji demograficznej. W korzystnej sytuacji ludnościowej są w szczególności małe miasta położone w pierwszym pierścieniu gmin otaczających miasto centralne i wzdłuż głównych ciągów komunikacyjnych.
Silencio como secuela de la guerra interna en Perú
Authors: Iguíñiz Echeverría Javier Mª.
Published: September 2020

La guerra interna durante más de dos lustros en el Perú ha tenido como una de sus secuelas el silencio. En este artículo proponemos una clasificación de silencios o de aspectos del silencio. La clasificación, basada en un ordenamiento de las experiencias relatadas en el Informe de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR, 2003), consiste en distinguir un silencio instrumental o silencio para; un silencio producto de lo terrible de los hechos ocurridos, silencio de; uno producto de la ausencia de interlocutores importantes para la comunicación más íntima, como familiares o amigos, silencio con; y finalmente, un silencio más profundo, menos descriptible, más personal pero menos manejable, silencio a secas.
Comportamiento antisocial en menores escolares e indigentes: influencia del vecindario y de los padres
Authors: Banda Castro Ana Lilia , Frías Armenta Martha , Frías Armenta Martha
Published: September 2020

Se analizó la influencia del vecindario y la familia en el comportamiento antisocial de menores. Los participantes fueron 192 menores, 96 con antecedentes de indigencia y 96 escolares no indigentes. Se administraron la Escala de Comportamiento Antisocial (Castell,Frías, Corral & Sotomayor, 2000) y las Escalas de Comportamiento Adictivo (Reich & Herjanic, 1989; Vazsonyi, Pickering, Junger & Hessing, 2001). Se calcularon frecuencias de medias, desviaciones estándar y modelamiento estructural. Los resultados mostraron que la conducta antisocial y adictiva estaba influenciada por el comportamiento antisocial del padre, el comportamiento adictivo de la madre y el vecindario. Para los menores indigentes, el comportamiento antisocial estaba directamente influido por su comportamiento adictivo y el comportamiento antisocial del padre. Para el grupo de estudiantes el comportamiento antisocial estaba influido por el vecindario, por su comportamiento adictivo y por el comportamiento antisocial del padre. Para ambos grupos el vecindario y el comportamiento adictivo de la madre influyeron directamente en el comportamiento adictivo de los mismos.
Calidad de la amistad en niños de 8 a 10 años de una institución pública
Authors: Argumedo Bustinza Doris , Albornoz Álvarez Carla
Published: September 2020

El estudio evalúa las relaciones de amistad en niños institucionalizados en términos de su calidad y reciprocidad. Los participantes fueron 33 niños institucionalizados de ambos sexos entre 8 y 10 años. El grupo control estuvo constituido por 41 niños no institucionalizados con características similares. Se encontró que los niños institucionalizados establecen menos amistades recíprocas que los niños no institucionalizados y que en  estas relaciones se brindan más apoyo y comparten sus experiencias íntimas de modo más intenso. Igualmente, la calidad de las amistades no recíprocas de este grupo es casi equivalente a la de las amistades recíprocas y no recíprocas del grupo no institucionalizado. Esto indicaría que la mayoría de niños institucionalizados establece en general amistades con calidad similar a las de otros niños del mismo grupo de edad.
Criterios para evaluar la eficiencia: hablan psicoterapeutas psicoanalíticos, conductuales cognitivos, racionales emotivos y psicoanalistas
Authors: Mantilla Lagos Carla Eugenia , Sologuren De La Fuente María Ximena
Published: September 2020

El artículo explora los criterios para evaluar la eficiencia de los tratamientos psicoterapéuticos individuales con adultos desde la perspectiva de cuaarenta profesionales representativos de cuatro tipos de intervención clínica: psicoterapias conductual-cognitiva, psicoanalítica y racional-emotiva, y psicoanálisis. Asimismo, busca conocer las similitudes y diferencias entre estos tipos de intervención con respecto a dichos criterios. Para ello, se construyó y aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada que explora las consideraciones acerca de la eficiencia del tratamiento. Del análisis cualitativo de datos, se obtuvieron doce temas de análisis con sus correspondientes categorías de respuesta, los cuales fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico descriptivo y de correspondencia. Los criterios encontrados son numerosos y variados. Las diferencias halladas entre los cuatro grupos se relacionan con la naturaleza del trabajo terapéutico de cada uno y con el paradigma teórico que los define. Los psicoanalistas y los psicoterapeutas conductuales cognitivos constituyen los grupos que más se diferencian entre sí.
Dinámica de la identidad, acción y contexto
Authors: Costalat-Founeau Anne Marie
Published: September 2020

La identidad social no puede ser considerada más como una imagen fijada y estática que determina las representaciones individuales y/o colectivas. Se inserta, más bien, dentro de una dinámica de representaciones que está marcada por fases biográficas y sociales. Esta impresión social está en parte construida por la experiencia personal impresa en los recuerdos, y transfiere una realidad experiencial a la identidad. La acción participa en esta concretización y también la refuerza: es así que el carácter normativo de la acción parece reforzar su propia manifestación y, por lo tanto, su efecto. Esos efectos tienen un poder central en la dinámica de la identidad. La acción se ubica en el centro de la subjetividad, pues pone en relación las aspiraciones, las representaciones y también los valores y el sentimiento de capacidad: la acción favorece una relación estrecha entre los factores afectivos y cognitivos. Esos factores actúan en conjunto elaborando regulaciones dinámicas y organizando fases de identidad más o menos conflictivas. Se presentan los efectos de la acción sobre la subjetividad.
Hacia estudios del comportamiento organizacional con mayor pertinencia local
Authors: Smith Peter B.
Published: September 2020

Las teorías del comportamiento organizacional se han originado principalmente en América del Norte. Al probar su aplicabilidad en otras regiones culturales, debe prestarse atención a las diferencias en los ambientes y en los valores de los empleados locales. Dentro de Latinoamérica, la prevalencia de altos niveles de colectivismo y distancia al poder es particularmente importante. En ese sentido, se ha demostrado que el apego de los empleados hacia su organización difiere dentro de las culturas colectivistas. El argumento se ilustra por dos estudios latinoamericanos. En el primero, se compara la forma en que los gerentes manejan los eventos laborales dentro de México, Colombia, Brasil, Chile y Argentina. En el segundo, se examinan los problemas laborales transnacionales de los empleados de estos países. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de utilizar medidas que capturen aspectos localmente importantes.
Programa de comprensión de lectura para alumnos de quinto grado de primaria de Lima
Authors: Morales Silva Silvia , Verhoeven Ludo , Van Leeuwe Jan
Published: September 2020

Se estudian los efectos del programa Lectura sobre la comprensión de lectura y motivación para leer en niños de quinto grado de los niveles socioeconómicos medio y bajo de Lima. El programa enfatizó las estrategias para leer y las dimensiones de motivación para leer. Mediante el análisis de varianza se calcularon los efectos de tiempo de medición, grupo, nivel socioeconómico y género sobre la comprensión de lectura y la motivación para leer. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de comprensión de lectura se incrementó más en el grupo de intervención. Los alumnos del nivel socioeconómico bajo se beneficiaron más del programa que los niños del nivel socioeconómico medio. El programa también tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la motivación para leer.
Proceso de construcción colaborativa a través del chat según el tipo de tarea
Authors: Roselli Néstor
Published: September 2020

El objetivo fue caracterizar la interacción colaborativa de díadas, a través del chat, en seis tareas cognitivas: resolver un problema lógico, elaborar una historia, leer una tabla de datos, ordenar jerárquicamente opiniones, brindar una explicación científica de un hecho fáctico e interpretar un texto literario. La hipótesis central era que el tipo de tarea implica distintos tipos de intercambio colaborativo. Se examinaron 11 díadas de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran diferencias muy significativas entre las seis tareas en lo que hace al patrón sociocognitivo, sobre todo entre las tareas lógico-inteligentes y las tareas abiertas o interpretativas. Finalmente, hay diferencias muy notorias en la evaluación metacognitiva que hacen los participantes del grado de dificultad e interés de cada tarea.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala MESSY (versión autoinforme) en niños argentinos
Authors: Ipina Maria Julia , Molina Leonardo , Reyna Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Se evalúan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión de Autoinforme de la Escala Matson para la Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales con Jóvenes (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), que permite evaluar habilidades sociales especificas implicadas en comportamientos adaptativos y no adaptativos. Se estudia la estructura factorial y consistencia interna en una muestra de niños cordobeses (n = 578) con edades entre los 7 y 13 anos (M = 9.48, DE = 1.47), de ambos sexos (52.77% varones). Se analizaron los datos y variables de manera exploratoria, y luego se analizo la estructura factorial. La estructura de 5 factores resulto la más simple y teóricamente coherente: Agresividad/Conducta Antisocial, Habilidades Sociales Apropiadas, Amistad, Sobreconfianza/Celos/Soberbia y Soledad/Ansiedad Social. Los índices de consistencia interna fueron buenos o aceptables en la mayoría de dimensiones. Las diferencias de sexo en las distintas dimensiones y en la puntuación total ofrecen evidencia de la validez del instrumento.
Predictores del rendimiento académico en adolescentes con disposiciones resilientes y no resilientes
Authors: Gaxiola Romero José , González Lugo Sandybell , Contreras Hernández Zita , Gaxiola Villa Eunice
Published: September 2020

Existen factores de riesgo que afectan el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes de preparatoria, estos pueden ser contextuales e individuales. La resiliencia es un fenómeno que implica la superación de los riesgos que se enfrentan. El objetivo del estudio fue probar un modelo hipotético de ecuaciones estructurales en dos grupos de estudiantes de preparatoria, uno de resiliencia y otro de no resiliencia, para evaluar los efectos que tienen las variables contextuales, las metas y la autorregulación sobre el rendimiento académico. Los resultados indican diferencias en las variables que explican el rendimiento de ambos grupos.
Penerapan Media Audio Visual dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Membaca Cepat pada Siswa Kelas XI di MA Al-Falah Tlanakan Pamekasan
Authors: Maryamah Maryamah , Effendy Moh Hafid
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketertarikan peneliti terhadap penerapan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca cepat pada siswa kelas XI di MA Al-Falah Tlanakan Pamekasan. Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan, yaitu (1) mengetahui persiapan penerapan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca cepat, (2) mencermati penerapan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca cepat, dan (3) faktor penghambat dan penunjang dalam penerapan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca cepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Sumber data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini adalah guru bahasa Indonesia dan siswa. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan melalui perpanjang keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, uraian rinci, triangulasi sumber yang membandingkan derajat kepercayaan suatu informasi.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menyimak Berita di SMPI Nurul Yaqin Bujur Timur Batu Marmar Pamekasan
Authors: Toyyibah Toyyibah , Ayuanita Kristanti
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan optimalisasi pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak berita di SMPI Nurul Yaqin Bujur Timur Batu Marmar Pamekasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah fenomenologis.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik reduksi data, model, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1)  cara mengoptimalisasi keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi (a) memberikan latihan setiap satu minggu dua kali dengan memberikan tugas pekerjaan rumah, (b) memakai audio visual, (c) menyuruh siswa untuk membaca bahan simakan ke depan, dan (d) memberikan pendekatan individual terhadap peserta didik yang memiliki pola menyimak yang berbeda, (2)  problematika optimalisasi pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi (a) kehilangan konsentrasi, (b) keterbatasan media, (c) ruang kelas yang sempit, (d) faktor lingkungan, (e) keterbatasan IQ, (f) pembicara kurang menarik dan bahan ajar yang masih minim, dan (g) faktor fisik, serta (3)  solusi dari problematika keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi  (a) memaksimalkan bahan ajar, (b) memperbanyak praktik, seperti menyimak berita dan memberi tugas, (c) menyediakan media yang menarik atau bahan simakan yang menarik, dan (d) mempersiapkan penguasaan materi, media dan metode.
PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VII DI MTS SUNAN KALIJAGA LARANGAN LUAR PAMEKASAN
Authors: Subhan Moh , Ghofur Abd.
Published: September 2020

Peneltian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketertarikan menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang tidak membosankan dan membuat siswa lebih memahami dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, diantaranya menggunakan penerapan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka ada tiga fokus penelitian, yaitu:pertama, penerapan Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw; kedua, kelebihan dari  penerapan Cooperative learning tipe Jigsaw; dan ketiga, kendala yang dihadapi dari penerapan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsawpada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VII di MTs Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Luar Pamekasan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan sumber datanya yaitu guru bahasa Indonesia dan siswa. Dalam pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan melalui perpanjang keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, dan triangulasi. Dengan menggunakan metode ini menunjukkan siswa lebih aktif dan antusias untuk berdiskusi dalam pelajaran.
Peran Citizen Journalism Dalam Pemberitaan Bencana Palu Di Cnn Indonesia
Authors: Abdiyansyah Ahmad , Abdul Hadi Awang Ummu Kalthum Binti
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This research entitled "The Role of Citizen Journalism in Palu Disaster Reporting on CNN Indonesia". Natural disasters that took place in Palu, Central Sulawesi, became a sorrow for Indonesia. This disaster has completed the settlement and eliminated the lives of our brothers. Documentation that spreads in online media results from spontaneous recording of victims. The emergence of the phenomenon of citizen journalism in disaster news has become commonplace in Indonesia. The rapid development of citizen journalism took place in 2004 a tsunami compilation in Aceh which was covered by the victims themselves. Direct news from victims can beat the news made by professional journalists. In fact, videos made by residents when the event was aired by all television stations. The video was recorded by Cut Putri, regarding the seconds of the December 26, 2004 Tsunami compilation, and is considered an important milestone in the development of citizen journalism in Indonesia. Citizen Journalism in Palu, Central Sulawesi. By using a qualitative descriptive method, namely by analyzing the contents of the news contained on the CNN Indonesia Youtube channel where ordinary citizens participate in it. Using Holsti's analysis theory which analyzes data to answer the statement "what, for whom, and how and draw conclusions." The results of the study show that citizen journalism contributes to the value of the news presented in the news. By discussing and discussing what happened during the disaster. However, the quality of recordings from amateurs is not very good, in this case online news media still uses amateur citizen recordings to be published to viewers as supporting data from data approved by professionals. In conditions like this, online news media, especially CNN Indonesia, prioritize more than quality. Keywords: Role, citizen journalism, online journalism, disaster news
“An honest escape” of a modern character: escapism problem in young adult fiction in the 21st century
Authors: Boroda Elena V.
Published: September 2020

We analyze the problem of escapism, briefly discuss its history and evolution, its attitude to the problem in different periods of history. Analysis of this problem is the main goal of this work. The subject of this research is the texts of authors writing for children and teenagers, created over the past decade. On the example of young adult fiction in recent years, the development of an escapist motive, a change in attitude towards it and possible causes of such a transformation are observed. The relevance of the study is that modern texts that have not yet been studied by modern literary studies are analyzed, and the problem of escapism is considered in accordance with the cultural and social trends of today. In the process, we use an integrated research method. The result of studying the problem of escapism can be called a review of modern young adult fiction, in which there is a motive for fleeing reality, as well as some observations and conclusions that may be useful in studying the cultural and social problems of today. We conclude that escapism in modern young adult fiction is a full-fledged motive and means of interacting with reality. The scope of the research results is the study of modern literary texts by philologists, literary critics, literature teachers, as well as students and schoolchildren who are interested in expanding and deepening literary knowledge.
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Palliative Care
Authors: Quintal Vanessa , Reis-Pina Paulo
Published: September 2020

There are still many cases where traditional medical care does not provide a realistic solution for patients with devastating diseases so other interventions should be adopted. We present a case report of a 76 year-old woman admitted to a Palliative Care unit due to stage IV colon adenocarcinoma, and we describe the contribution of a six-year-old Yorkshire terrier in her symptom management. Animal-assisted therapy can be of great use in palliative care, contributing to the patients’ pain management, relief from suffering and improvement of quality of life.
The changing of occlusal plane inclination in Class II malocclusion
Authors: Yohana Nelvi , Bahirrah Siti , Nazruddin N.
Published: September 2020

Background: Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion can be performed using extraction or non-extraction techniques. These treatments can cause changes in occlusal plane. Steep occlusal plane during corrective treatment generally relapses after active orthodontic treatment, resulting in unstable interdigitation. Purpose: This study aims to determine and evaluate changes in occlusal plane inclination in skeletal Class II malocclusion cases using extraction or non-extraction techniques of the permanent maxillary first premolar. Methods: The samples consisted of initial and final cephalometry of 40 adult patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion divided into two groups, namely extraction of the permanent maxillary first premolar and non-extraction group. The inclination of occlusal planes in both groups was measured using the ImageJ software, then the factors associated with these changes were observed. Furthermore, the occlusal plane inclination was compared between the extraction and non-extraction groups by using t-test. Results: The occlusal plane inclination in the non-extraction group increased slightly, while the inclination in the extraction group increased significantly (p = 0.017, p-value < 0.05). However, there was no correlation found in the occlusal plane inclination between the extraction and non-extraction groups (p = 0.07, p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Class II malocclusion correction with either extraction or non-extraction of the maxillary first premolar increased the inclination of the occlusal plane. This study indicated that control of the occlusal plane inclination is highly essential.