bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetization Transfer Imaging of Cervical Spinal Cord in Patients With Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Participants: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Al‐shaari Hussein , Heales Christine J. , Harrower Tim , Fulford Jon
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To determine whether magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is able to detect microstructure alterations in the cervical spinal cord (CSC) in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and whether they correlate with clinical disability.

Methods and Materials

Fifteen RRMS patients (5 males, 10 females, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 47.0 ± 12.9 years, age range: 18–70 years; median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score = 2; (range: 0.5–6.5) and 20 healthy controls (10 male, 10 females, mean ± sd age: 40.7 ± 12.4 years) underwent 3T MRI scans using standard MTI sequences. Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT) was used for image post‐processing. Data were first segmented and then registered to a template and then the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was computed over the volume between the 2nd and 5th cervical vertebrae for the total white matter (WM) and for specific WM regions: dorsal column (DC), ventral column (VC), and lateral column (LC). Independent sample t‐tests were used to conduct a comparative analysis of means between the healthy and RRMS groups. The association between MTR measures over different ROIs and EDSS was investigated by the univariate association using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and a simple linear regression analysis.

Results

MTR values were significantly decreased in all ROIs (p < 0.01) in RRMS versus Healthy participants. There was no significant correlation between MTR and EDSS in all ROIs.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that clinical trials using MTI techniques are feasible and show that quantitative MTI can monitor tissue changes in degenerative WM patients.
Flexural response of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced photocurable polymer composites
Authors: Youssef George , Singh Anil , Eckstein Sean , Flanagan Ansel , Kauvaka Paul
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing of continuous fiber‐reinforced composites facilitates complex geometries and optimized properties. Using robotics in 3D printing enables strategic fiber distribution and metered resin impregnation. This research seeks to characterize the properties of 3D printed fiber composites as a function of stacking sequence, including unidirectional ([0°]18 and [90°]18), cross‐ply ([90°/0°]9 and [±45°]9), and quasi‐isotropic ([0°/∓[20°/40°/60°/80°]]s) layup schedules, and carbon fiber tow type (i.e., T1100, T800, and IM7). The geometric accuracy was evaluated by comparing the achieved and targeted panel dimensions, showing negligible differences and substantiating the translational potential of this additive manufacturing platform. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the fiber volume fraction (ca. 50% irrespective of stacking sequence or fiber type) and resin residuals (remnant solid content after pyrolysis). Flexural samples were tested under quasi‐static conditions to investigate the influence of the fiber tow type and stacking sequence on the mechanical performance, exceeding previously reported 3D printed panels with thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices. Digital image correlation bolstered the flexural results by delineating the strain field, leading to additional insights about the flexural performance of the additive manufactured composites. The outcomes transcend the state‐of‐the‐art 3D printing of composite materials and accelerate their translational potential.

Highlights

Robotic 3D‐printed carbon fiber‐photocurable resin composites.

3D printing method results in repeatable geometric and thermogravimetric properties.

Flexural properties were investigated as a function of fiber orientation and type.

Digital image correlation quantified strain distribution in composite samples.

Mechanical performance was compared with state‐of‐the‐art in literature.
Construction of Continuous Proton Transport Channels via Anchoring Strong Proton Conductor on Graphene Oxide in Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone)
Authors: Lu Zhongrui , Ai Yuna , Yuan Xiancan , Jia Xiaoyang , He Shaojian , Lin Jun
Published: December 2024

Constructing continuous proton transport channels in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) has been considered as an efficient strategy to improve proton conductivity. In this work, a water‐insoluble hybrid graphene oxide (HDGO) is prepared via the hydrothermal reaction between polydopamine‐coated graphene oxide (DGO) and a strong proton conductor phosphotungstic acid (HPW), in which HPW is chemically bonded onto DGO. The two‐dimensional structure of DGO and the strong acidity of HPW favor the rapid proton transport in the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes. As compared to that of the SPEEK control membrane, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK composite membrane containing 6 wt% HDGO increases from 0.035 to 0.061 S cm−1 at 25°C, an increase of ~75%. The composite membrane containing 10 wt% HDGO exhibits ~49% lower area swelling ratio than the SPEEK control membrane. Meanwhile, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane remains stable during the 1440 h immersing in liquid water.
From genes to governance: Engaging citizens in the new genomic techniques policy debate
Authors: Habets Michelle G. J. L. , Macnaghten Phil
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact Statement

The European Union is in the midst of changing the current regulatory framework for new genomic techniques (NGTs) to accelerate the production of plant varieties, in order to achieve the goals of the European Green Deal. These techniques are highly contested, with divergent views on how they should be governed. So far, there has been little effort to engage citizens in this legislative reform process. By engaging with Dutch citizens, we give the public a voice in shaping the future of agriculture and the food system. By facilitating the exchange of multiple views, we allow for more effective governance arrangements.

The European Commission (EC) has proposed a new regulation for plants obtained by new genomic techniques (NGTs). Currently, food crops developed with NGTs are subject to the EU Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

The current proposal for a new regulation differentiates between two categories of NGT plants. Category 1 NGT plants will be subject to the new regulation, whereas Category 2 plants will remain subject to the GMO legislation, although the risk assessment may be adapted.

In this paper, we analyze the views of Dutch citizens on NGT crops and their governance, prior to the publication of the new proposal. We find significant reservations arising from doubts about NGT crops delivering on their promises, the likelihood of unanticipated consequences, and unnaturalness.

We extrapolate our findings to anticipate citizen's response to the new proposal and reflect on ways to move forward, both for policy making, and for the plant science community.
Effect of pesticide application techniques on thrips control in the cowpea flowering stage
Authors: Jin Ye , Luo Luna , Zhang Ruirui , Li Zhiquan , Zhong Yuan , Xu Shaoqing , Liu Min , Song Jianli
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Thrips are among the most damaging pests to cowpeas in Hainan, China. Conventional pesticide application methods often fail to achieve satisfactory control due to the small size and concealed habitats of thrips. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of pesticides by improving their application techniques. The optimal application time of day was identified, and the physicochemical properties of four types of spray adjuvants were tested to evaluate their impact on efficacy. A terrestrially targeted air‐assisted sprayer for cowpeas was designed to adjust the wind direction and target at thrips hiding spots. Field trials were conducted in Hainan to assess the efficacy of modified application times, adjuvant addition, and targeted air‐assisted spraying.

RESULTS

The results indicate that clear weather and an 8:00 a.m. application time are optimal, with a 22.52% and 30.22% increase in efficacy compared to applications at 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., respectively. Two adjuvants, Qigong and Beibeijia, were selected and, when used with a knapsack sprayer, increased efficacy by 28.50% and 17.92%, respectively. The terrestrially targeted air‐assisted sprayer significantly improved the reduction rate of the thrips population by 27.31% and 21.77% compared to knapsack sprayers and spray guns, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The use of the cowpea terrestrial air‐assisted sprayer with adjuvants at 8:00 a.m., compared to the conventional application method by farmers using electric knapsack sprayers, resulted in at least a 40.03%, 46.08%, and 52.22% increase in efficacy at 1, 2, and 3 days after treatment, respectively. The findings provide a scientific basis for efficient thrips control in cowpeas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Scorpion insect neurotoxin LqhIT2 is a promising oral biopesticide: high‐level preparation in Pichia pastoris and bioactivity assays
Authors: Li Hongbo , Tian Cheng , Chen Jing , Xia Yuanxian
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Discovering insecticidal proteins with high activity and strict insect specificity and applying them to the biological control of insect pests is of great significance. Oral LqhIT2 has insecticidal activity, which most other insecticidal neurotoxin proteins do not have, but the large‐scale preparation of the toxin is difficult and one of the obstacles to determining its anti‐insect potential for biological control.

RESULTS

In this study, the expression level of recombinant LqhIT2 (rLqhIT2) in Pichia pastoris was as high as 1.4 g/L under high‐cell‐density fermentation conditions. A purified rLqhIT2 at a final concentration of 0.5 ng/mL inhibited the proliferation of insect Sf9 cells, with typical insect cell oncosis observed, while 200 ng/mL rLqhIT2 was non‐toxic to mammalian cells. The injection of silkworms caused the typical depressive symptoms of flaccid paralysis and death. At a dose of 1 μg/g body weight, 46.7% of the silkworms died within 48 h after injection, and their mortality rate was related to the injection dose. Feeding purified rLqhIT2 to fifth instar Pieris rapae larvae demonstrated its oral insecticidal activity, with a mortality rate 66.7% after 3 days of feeding at a concentration of 10 μg/cm2 cabbage leaf.

CONCLUSION

The rLqhIT2 has high insect cells specificity and insecticidal activity when injected and or delivered orally, and may have better application prospects than other reported insect neurotoxins. We describe a method for large‐scale production of functional rLqhIT2 by fed‐batch fermentation using Pichia pastoris, which will further facilitate its application in biological control of agricultural insect pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intermittent Dynamic Event‐Triggered Optimal Control for Networked Control Systems With Input Saturation
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhang Xiaodan , Xiao Feng , Wei Bo
Published: December 2024

In this article, we explore an event‐triggered optimal control problem for nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with input saturation and aperiodic intermittent control. First, a non‐quadratic cost function with the property of intermittent control is formulated, and a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation is designed based on the given cost function to acquire optimal control inputs. To avoid continuous‐time communication in networks, a novel aperiodically intermittent dynamic event‐triggered (AIDET) control scheme, integrating a dynamic event‐triggered control scheme and an aperiodic intermittent control scheme, is proposed in this article. A piecewise continuous internal dynamic variable is introduced in the event‐triggering condition, which is more conducive to increasing inter‐event times than static event‐triggering schemes. Furthermore, the event‐triggering condition designed in this article is proven strictly to exclude the Zeno behavior. Moreover, due to the difficulty of directly solving the HJB equation, an actor‐critic algorithm in the AIDET scheme is proposed to approximate the optimal control inputs. The approximation errors of weight vectors are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The stability of the considered systems in the proposed AIDET control scheme is analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, some simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed actor‐critic algorithm‐based AIDET control scheme.
The Effects of Modified Fly Ash on the Structure and Photocatalytic Performance of G‐C3N4‐based Materials
Authors: Yu Qingbo , Li Yuqi , Wang Qingping , Shi Naishen , Liu Fan , Xu Zishe
Published: December 2024

Regulating the polymerization of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) precursor is regarded as a desirable pathway to boost its photocatalytic activity. However, the current has been seldomly concerned in adjusting the polymerization of g‐C3N4 precursor based on the structural characteristics of fly ash (FA). This study manipulates the polymerization reaction of dicyandiamide through alkali treatment of fly ash (KOH‐FA, CaOH‐FA and NaOH‐FA), yielding three g‐C3N4‐based composite photocatalysts (CaFA‐CN, KFA‐CN, and NaFA‐CN) with varying degrees of polymerization. Compared to the zeolite structures of fly ash treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the fly ash treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) developed calcium silicate hydrate, leading to a more complex surface structure. Isotherm adsorption model analysis revealed that Ca(OH)2‐FA's adsorption of methylene blue fits the Freundlich model, indicating uneven distribution of active sites. This unevenness results in an uneven collision probability during the high‐temperature polymerization of dicyandiamide, leading to incomplete polymerization and the formation of the CaFA‐CN catalyst with more amino groups and fewer carbon‐nitrogen heterocycles. This incomplete polymerization enabled CaFA‐CN to achieve a 55.3% degradation efficiency of methylene blue within 60 minutes. The photocatalytic activity of CaFA‐CN is 4.03 times that of the original g‐C3N4 (19.4%).
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic and Photocatalytic Self‐Cleaning Thin Film Using Polystyrene with Zno
Authors: Seifunnisha O. , Shanthi J. , Deshmukh Sampat. G.
Published: December 2024

Zinc oxide (ZnO)‐based composites are among the semiconductor photocatalytic materials that exhibit promising research opportunities in the fields of optical, biomedical, and environmental materials because of their excellent physical stability, biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This article discusses the fabrication and use of ZnO‐based composites with excellent catalytic activity. Here, the various combinations of sol‐gel ZnO coatings were prepared using the spin coating technique, and characterized by 3D laser profilometry, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the main functional groups, present in the prepared polymeric film, an FTIR investigation was conducted. The inclusion of Aloe vera with PF‐127 in the ZnO lattice is confirmed by the structural study of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Z‐PS, ZAL‐PS, and ZALPF‐PS, which showed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and increasing in the peak position. The variation in strcuture and bandgap play major role in the enhancement of photocatalytic and antibacterial activity with ZALPF‐PS as compared to ZAL‐PS and Z‐PS. In contrast, water contact angle analysis reveals that the polymeric coating changes the surface roughness while simultaneously increasing the surface nonwettability. The prepared samples are also shown to be more resistant to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than standard antibiotics. This occurred because photocatalytic activity and superhydrophobic contact work together as a synergistic antibacterial mechanism. Furthermore, the nonwettable cotton substrate was also prepared, and their roughness behavior examined, which exhibited superhydrophobic performance against water, milk, coke, and coffee, which can be useful for medical purposes.
Influence of Polyelectrolyte (NaCMC) on Surfactant (DTAB) in the Absence and Presence of Methyl Orange Dye in Ethanol–Water Mixed Solvent at Three Different Temperatures
Authors: Yadav Shiv Narayan , Rai Summi , Sinha Biswajit , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: December 2024

Thermodynamic behavior of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) solution with and without methyl orange (MO) dye in the ethanol–water mixture (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) volume fractions of ethanol at different temperatures by conductivity measurements is studied. The obtained conductivity data suggests that the value of α, CAC, and CMC* for the MO + NaCMC + DTAB system decreases when compared to the NaCMC + DTAB system. MO + NaCMC + DTAB system shows more negative , , , and and more positive values in contrast to the comparable values for the NaCMC + DTAB system. These results demonstrate the thermodynamic feasibility and spontaneity of micellization with MO in the ethanol–water mixture. Nonetheless, as the temperature and the percentage of ethanol in the volume increase, so do the α (degree of dissociation), CAC (critical aggregation concentration), and CMC* values. A valuable insight into the thermodynamic stability, fluidity, solvent structure, polarity of the solvent, and interaction degree in ethanol–water mixture with and without MO may be gained from varying with different solvophobic and solvent parameters.
Metal‐Free Direct Oxysulfonylation of Styrenes with N‐Hydroxy Aryl Sulfonamides to Access β‐Ketosulfones
Authors: Solanke Jayshree , Chatterjee Rana , Dandela Rambabu
Published: December 2024

An efficient approach for the construction of β‐ketosulfones has been developed by the direct oxysulfonylation of styrene with N‐hydroxy aryl sulfonamide. The metal‐free reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of the iodine/TBHP system and ethanol medium to provide diverse β‐ketosulfones in good yields. Moreover, readily available starting materials, a broad range of functional group tolerance, a radical pathway, greener solvents, and mild conditions are the advantageous points of the present protocol.
Study on the Mechanism of CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 Dephosphorization Slag Under Different FeO Contents and Basicity
Authors: Zhou Chaogang , Li Jinyue , Yuan Tianxiang , Yan Zhanhui , Gong Wei , Ai Liqun , Wang Shuhuan , Gao Xu
Published: December 2024

To further elucidate the mechanism of high‐efficiency deep dephosphorization using the duplex method, the morphology, mineral phase structure, and phosphorus aggregation behavior of the CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag system with varying FeO content and basicity are analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectrometer. XRD analysis reveals that as the FeO content increases, FeO combines with SiO2 and CaO to form the Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 phase. Observation of the dephosphorization slag's morphology reveals that, at a basicity of 1.8, an increase in FeO content from 10% to 30% leads to the aggregation and growth of the phosphorus‐rich phase, accompanied by an increase in phosphorus content. When the basicity of slag is 2.8 and the content of FeO is 35%, phosphorus is distributed in matrix phase and iron‐rich phase, but the content of phosphorus in all phases is low. The increase in both FeO content and basicity disrupts the polymerization degree of the structure, leading to an increase in the content of low‐polymerization Qn(Si) species and thereby reducing phosphorus accumulation on the silicon–oxygen network. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for iron and steel enterprises aiming to produce low‐phosphorus and ultralow‐phosphorus steel through the double‐dephosphorization process.
Carbon Dots from Pre‐Existing Nanoparticles Versus Carbonization: Similarity and Difference in Sample Structure‐Morphology with Property and Mechanistic Consequences
Authors: Sun Ya‐Ping , Yang Liju
Published: December 2024

Carbon dots (CDots) are classically synthesized by organic functionalization of pre‐existing small carbon nanoparticles, but most of the dot samples reported in the literature are prepared by thermal carbonization processing of selected organic precursors. Highlighted and discussed in this article are the necessity of using proper thermal processing conditions for the carbonization produced samples to be CDots like, the similarities and differences in sample structure and morphology between the two kinds of dot samples, and their associated property and mechanistic consequences.
Synergetic influence of urea addition on performance and emissions of hydrogen–diesel dual fuel engine
Authors: Gad M. S. , Elsakhawy Tamer , Baz Faisal B. , El-Fakharany Magda K.
Published: December 2024

An important measure that shows the total amount of greenhouse gases released into the environment is the carbon footprint by using fossil fuels. Sustainable alternatives are seen as an effective step in both preventing the depletion of fossil fuels and combating climate change. To overcome these negative consequences, the use of area with hydrogen is becoming increasingly popular among fuel researchers. However, the application of hydrogen as a fuel can potentially increase NOx emissions. For this reason, water–urea solution of 5% by volume was added to diesel–hydrogen dual fuel engine. Subsequently, the intake manifold was supplied with 1 LPM of hydrogen. Different engine loads were evaluated, while diesel engine was operated at 1500 rpm rated speed. As a result, the addition of 5% urea and 1 LPM of hydrogen to diesel led to a decrease in BSFC by 23% and an improvement in thermal efficiency by 25% compared to diesel fuel. Blend of diesel oil with urea and hydrogen decreased EGT by 2% lower than diesel oil. NOx, CO, HC and CO2 concentrations were decreased by 5, 61, 13 and 53%, respectively, when diesel was mixed with urea and hydrogen about diesel oil. Engine performance may be improved, and exhaust pollutants can be reduced by utilizing diesel oil combined with hydrogen and urea as an alternative fuel.
Deep deterministic policy gradients with a self-adaptive reward mechanism for image retrieval
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Zhang Xinfeng , Tang Zifang , Sabah Fahad , Azam Muhammad , Sarwar Raheem
Published: December 2024

Traditional image retrieval methods often face challenges in adapting to varying user preferences and dynamic datasets. To address these limitations, this research introduces a novel image retrieval framework utilizing deep deterministic policy gradients (DDPG) augmented with a self-adaptive reward mechanism (SARM). The DDPG-SARM framework dynamically adjusts rewards based on user feedback and retrieval context, enhancing the learning efficiency and retrieval accuracy of the agent. Key innovations include dynamic reward adjustment based on user feedback, context-aware reward structuring that considers the specific characteristics of each retrieval task, and an adaptive learning rate strategy to ensure robust and efficient model convergence. Extensive experimentation with the three distinct datasets demonstrates that the proposed framework significantly outperforms traditional methods, achieving the highest retrieval accuracy having 3.38%, 5.26%, and 0.21% improvement overall as compared to the mainstream models over DermaMNIST, PneumoniaMNIST, and OrganMNIST datasets, respectively. The findings contribute to the advancement of reinforcement learning applications in image retrieval, providing a user-centric solution adaptable to various dynamic environments. The proposed method also offers a promising direction for future developments in intelligent image retrieval systems.
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ringer’s Solution Combined with Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on the Internal Environment of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Design Pilot
Authors: Jiang Xinyue , Wang Rui , Guo Lan , Shan Zhengru , Wang Zhiping
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate the influence of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution (BRS) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the internal environment in patients who have undergone laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Methods

A total of 128 patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly divided into the control group (group C), the PEEP group (group P), the BRS group (group B), and the BRS combined with the PEEP group (group BP). The results of arterial blood gas analysis, including pH value, base excess (BE), concentrations of electrolyte, and lactate (Lac) were documented before intravenous infusion (T0) and 5 min after the surgery (T1). Additional metrics included tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and were quantified before intravenous infusion and at 30 min post-surgery. The quality of recovery-15 questionnaire (QoR-15) scores were documented preoperatively (D0) and on the first (D1) and third (D3) days, postoperatively.

Results

There was no significant interaction effect between the two factors of BRS and PEEP (p = 0.659). After the infusion of BRS, the pH level increased significantly at T2 (p < 0.05). Using PEEP during operation can increase PaO2 in patients with obesity (p < 0.05). The level of pH value is increased, and the concentrations of inflammatory factors are reduced due to the combination of BRS and PEEP (p < 0.05). Compared with group C, group BP exhibited an augmentation in QoR-15 (p < 0.05), and the recovery time of group BP was significantly shortened (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

BRS combined with PEEP has been demonstrated to improve acid–base balance, reduce the inflammatory response, shorten the recovery time, and substantially enhance the quality of early postoperative recovery.
Breaking Solvation Dominance Effect Enabled by Ion–Dipole Interaction Toward Long-Spanlife Silicon Oxide Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Shengwei , Shi Lingfeng , Geng Shenglu , Ning Yanbin , Kang Cong , Zhang Yan , Liu Ziwei , Zhu Jiaming , Qiang Zhuomin , Zhou Lin , Yin Geping , Li Dalong , Mu Tiansheng , Lou Shuaifeng
Published: December 2024

Micrometer-sized silicon oxide (SiO) anodes encounter challenges in large-scale applications due to significant volume expansion during the alloy/de-alloy process. Herein, an innovative deep eutectic electrolyte derived from succinonitrile is introduced to enhance the cycling stability of SiO anodes. Density functional theory calculations validate a robust ion–dipole interaction between lithium ions (Li+) and succinonitrile (SN). The cosolvent fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) optimizes the Li+ solvation structure in the SN-based electrolyte with its weakly solvating ability. Molecular dynamics simulations investigate the regulating mechanism of ion–dipole and cation–anion interaction. The unique Li+ solvation structure, enriched with FEC and TFSI−, facilitates the formation of an inorganic–organic composite solid electrolyte interphase on SiO anodes. Micro-CT further detects the inhibiting effect on the SiO volume expansion. As a result, the SiO|LiCoO2 full cells exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in deep eutectic-based electrolytes. This work presents an effective strategy for extending the cycle life of SiO anodes by designing a new SN-based deep eutectic electrolyte.
Antibacterial, antibiofilm efficacy and molecular docking approach of Sida acuta Burm. f.: a compendious analysis of GC MS profiling, and pharmacokinetics perusal
Authors: Balaji Vaidagi , Mahalingam Gayathri
Published: December 2024

Sida acuta Burm. f. has been explored for its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, not much has been studied regarding the pharmacokinetics, antibiofilm, and molecular docking properties of the Sida acuta leaves against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate in- vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Sida acuta ethanolic leaves extract (SAE) against S. aureus and its pharmacokinetics studies by in silico approach. The crude was extracted by soxhlet extraction using the leaves of Sida acuta. The antibiofilm activity was determined by Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Assay (MBIC), Congo red assay and microscopic analysis. The morphological changes and biofilm inhibition of S. aureus were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Molecular docking and pharmacokinetics studies were performed for phytocompounds which are further identified by GC–MS. The MBIC was found to be 300 µg/ml where 87% of S. aureus biofilm inhibition was observed. Studies using a light microscope and SEM analysis confirmed the decrease in biofilm development along a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the results of the Congo red test (CRA) showed that SAE inhibited the production of slime layer by lowering intracellular adhesion. Eighteen phytochemical compounds in the SAE were identified. Molecular docking studies revealed a highest binding affinity value of − 7.2 kcal/mol for campesterol. The ADME (Absorption, Distribution, metabolism and excretion) profiling for identified phytocompounds exhibit promising pharmacokinetic properties, which makes them possible candidate for therapeutic drug development. These results demonstrate the SAE's potential antibiofilm activity against S. aureus biofilm.
Editor's Introduction to a Discussion, Debate, and Dialogue (D3) Forum on the Similarities and Differences between Medical and Management Research
Authors: Murmann Johann Peter
Published: December 2024

In the previous issue (Vol. 20, Issue 3), we published a perspective article entitled ‘Responsible Research: Reflections of Two Business Scholars Doing Mental Health Research during COVID-19’, by Zhang and Chen. The pair represents two management scholars who ventured into medical research during the COVID pandemic. Zhang and Chen shared their insights from this exploration with the broader community of management scholars, highlighting key differences in how the field of medicine balances the goals of rigor and relevance and judges what research deserves to be published.
NONRELATIVISTIC LIMIT FOR THE TRAVELLING WAVES OF THE PSEUDORELATIVISTIC HARTREE EQUATION
Authors: CHEN YUANHUI , WANG QINGXUAN
Published: December 2024

We consider the pseudorelativistic Hartree equation

$$ \begin{align*} i\partial_t\psi=(\sqrt{-c^2\Delta +m^2c^4}-mc^2)\psi-(|x|^{-1}*|\psi|^2)\psi\quad \text{with } (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^3, \end{align*} $$

which describes the dynamics of pseudorelativistic boson stars in the mean-field limit. We study the travelling waves of the form

$\psi (t,x)=e^{it\mu }\varphi _{c}(x-vt)$

, where

$v\in \mathbb {R}^3$

denotes the travelling velocity. We prove that

$\varphi _{c}$

converges strongly to the minimiser

$\varphi _{\infty }$

of the limit energy

$E_{\infty }(N)$

in

$H^1(\mathbb {R}^3)$

as the light speed

$c\to \infty $

, where

$E_{\infty }(N)$

is the corresponding energy for the limit equation

$$ \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{2m}\Delta\varphi_{\infty}+i(v\cdot\nabla)\varphi_{\infty}-({|x|^{-1}}*|\varphi_{\infty}|^2)\varphi_{\infty}=-\lambda\varphi_{\infty}. \end{align*} $$

Since the operator

$-\Delta $

is the classical kinetic operator, we call this the nonrelativistic limit. We prove the existence of the minimiser for the limit energy

$E_{\infty }(N)$

by using concentration-compactness arguments.
Impact of wheat-Agropyron germplasm on the improvement of grain weight and size: a comprehensive QTL analysis
Authors: Wang Jiansheng , Cheng Shiping , Wang Erwei , Ma Aichu , Hou Guiling
Published: December 2024

Grain weight and size significantly influence wheat yield and quality. This study aimed to dissect the genetic basis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with grain weight and size in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the novel wheat-Agropyron germplasm Pubing3228. A population of 210 F8 recombinant inbred lines derived from Pubing3228 and Jing4839 was evaluated across multiple environments for grain length, width, thickness and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Genotyping was conducted using the Illumina Infinium iSelect 55 K SNP chip, followed by QTL mapping with QTL IciMapping software. A total of 114 QTLs were identified across 20 wheat chromosomes, highlighting major QTLs for grain length, width/thickness and TGW. Candidate gene analysis revealed 22 genes expressed in grains, including those specifically associated with TGW, grain width/thickness and grain length. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying wheat grain traits, providing insights for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programmes.
A new workspace estimation method for heavy-load parallel kinematic machine considering mechanism deformation and motor loading performance
Authors: Zheng Fangyan , Liu Jingyu , Han Xinghui , Hua Lin , Xin Shuai , Zhuang Wuhao
Published: December 2024

The estimation of workspace for parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) typically relies on geometric considerations, which is suitable for PKMs operating under light load conditions. However, when subjected to heavy load, PKMs may experience significant deformation in certain postures, potentially compromising their stiffness. Additionally, heavy load conditions can impact motor loading performance, leading to inadequate motor loading in specific postures. Consequently, in addition to geometric constraints, the workspace of PKMs under heavy load is also constrained by mechanism deformation and motor loading performance.

This paper aims at developing a new heavy load 6-PSS PKM for multi-degree of freedom forming process. Additionally, it proposes a new method for estimating the workspace, which takes into account both mechanism deformation and motor loading performance. Initially, the geometric workspace of the machine is predicted based on its geometric configuration. Subsequently, the workspace is predicted while considering the effects of mechanism deformation and motor loading performance separately. Finally, the workspace is synthesized by simultaneously accounting for both mechanism deformation and motor loading performance, and a new index of workspace utilization rate is proposed. The results indicate that the synthesized workspace of the machine diminishes as the load magnitude and load arm increase. Specifically, under a heavy load magnitude of 6000 kN and a load arm of 200 mm, the utilization rate of the synthesized workspace is only 9.9% of the geometric workspace.
Synthesis of an ammelide-based ultra-microporous Cd-MOF for sensitive detection of dichromate ions
Authors: Liang Linfeng , Ding Yin-Kang , Yin Yang , Yang Feng-Fan , Yang Jing
Published: December 2024

The first instance of an ammelide based metal organic framework has been successfully synthesized, exhibiting remarkable structural stability.
Discovery and biological evaluation of nitrofuranyl–pyrazolopyrimidine hybrid conjugates as potent antimicrobial agents targeting Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus
Authors: Saini Sapna , Reddy G. Lakshma , Gangwar Anjali , Kour Harpreet , Nadre Gajanan G. , Pandian Ramajayan , Pal Sunny , Nandi Utpal , Sharma Rashmi , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: December 2024

Nitrofuranyl–pyrazolopyrimidine conjugates exhibiting potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Gram-positive bacterial strain S. aureus and its resistant variant methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
A facile method for colorimetric determination of the enantiomeric purity of amino acids using poly(phenylacetylene) possessing (S)-mandelamide receptors
Authors: Ogata Keisuke , Matsuyama Airi , Suzuki Ryota , Umeda Satoshi , Tsuda Katsuyuki , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji , Sakai Ryosuke
Published: December 2024

Poly(phenylacetylene) bearing chiral (S)-mandelamide receptors exhibited an instantaneous colorimetric response dependent on the chirality of the added amino acid derivative, demonstrating its applicability for facile chirality analysis.
Practical Strategies to Optimize Cognitive-Communication Intervention in Complex Real-World Conditions: A Life Integration Approach
Authors: MacDonald Sheila
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Cognitive-communication intervention (CCI) service gaps compromise quality of life for individuals with acquired brain injuries. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) must examine barriers to care and develop solutions to address current problems in awareness of cognitive-communication disorders, understanding of SLP services, access and referral mechanisms, and care pathways. They must also adapt CCI to the complexities and constraints of daily life. In this article, we explore actions that clinical SLPs can take to overcome service barriers and advocate for fair, timely, and evidence-based CCI.

Method:

This clinical focus article examines barriers to CCI and provides a set of tools and strategies SLPs can employ to address them. These strategies are organized into a framework called the Life Integration Approach (LIA), which has 10 elements to guide clinical service planning: (a) evidence application, (b) communication education and assertiveness, (c) access and referral, (d) assessment, (e) therapeutic engagement, (f) cognitive-communication goal setting, (g) instructional practices, (h) life integration, (i) communication partner collaboration, and (j) resource allocation. Resources are provided to demonstrate how the LIA can integrate advocacy with clinical service while adapting to complex conditions of life, competing priorities, and service constraints.

Results and Conclusion:

Although barriers to provision of quality SLP CCI may seem formidable, there are practical actions SLPs can take to advocate for and adapt CCI services to life demands for individuals living with the devastating effects of brain injury.
Characterizing Pediatric ECMO Outcomes and Access: A State-Wide Analysis in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Schneuer Francisco J. , Festa Marino , Basu Shreerupa , Singhal Nitesh , Liava'a Matthew , Ravindranathan Hari , Nassar Natasha
Published: December 2024

This study examines impacts of social determinants of health (SDoH) on pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (1) outcomes and (2) utilization. This is a state-wide retrospective study of children (≤15 years) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia (2002–2020). ECMO-supported patients were identified from NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection, with diagnoses defined using International Classification of Diseases version 10-Australian Modification codes. SDoH included socio-economic indexes for area index of social disadvantage (quintiles), residence (metropolitan-Sydney vs. regional/remote), and insurance. Survival analyses assessed associations with SDoH and clinical characteristics, with multivariable analyses restricted to cardiac patients. For utilization analyses, children with equivalent diagnoses and no comorbid contraindications who died without ECMO comprised the comparative cohort. Of 267 ECMO runs, (238 in 229 NSW residents) its use increased over time. Cardiac indications predominated (84%) with 43% in neonates and 19% in unplanned admissions. Overall, 96% were Australian-born and 76% from metropolitan-Sydney. For outcomes, 36% of deaths occurred in-hospital, with 58% of patients alive at study conclusion (median follow-up: 1.3 [interquartile range: 0–6.2] years). Higher mortality was observed in the neonatal age group, and diaphragmatic hernia diagnoses, while respiratory failure was associated with lower mortality (log-rank p < 0.05). There was no association between mortality in children supported on ECMO and SDoH (p > 0.05). Considering utilization, patients who died without ECMO were more likely to live in regional/remote/under-resourced areas and have public insurance versus ECMO-supported children. Population-standardized ECMO rates were similar by SDoH. We identified disparate ECMO utilization but equivalent outcomes according to SDoH. Data support ongoing commitment to developing approaches that promote equitable access to life-saving therapies across demographic and geographic barriers.
The role and potential of digital breast tomosynthesis in neoadjuvant systemic therapy evaluation for optimising breast cancer management: a pictorial essay
Authors: Mariano Luciano , Nicosia Luca , Latronico Antuono , Bozzini Anna Carla , Dominelli Valeria , Pupo Davide , Pesapane Filippo , Pizzamiglio Maria , Cassano Enrico
Published: December 2024

Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) has become the gold standard for treating locally advanced breast cancer (BC). The assessment of pathological response (pR) post-NT plays a crucial role in predicting long-term survival, with contrast-enhanced MRI currently recognised as the preferred imaging modality for its evaluation. Traditional imaging techniques, such as digital mammography (DM) and ultrasonography (US), encounter difficulties in post-NT assessments due to breast density, lesion changes, fibrosis, and molecular patterns. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) offers solutions to prevalent challenges in DM, such as tissue overlap, and facilitates a comprehensive assessment of lesion morphology, dimensions, and margins. Studies suggest that DBT correlates more accurately with pathology than DM and US, showcasing its potential advantages. This pictorial essay demonstrates the potential of DBT as a complementary tool to DM for assessing pR after NT, including instances of true- and false-positive assessments correlated with histopathological findings. In conclusion, DBT emerges as a valuable adjunct to DM, effectively addressing its limitations in post-NT assessment. The technology's potential to diminish tissue overlap, improve discrimination, and provide multi-dimensional perspectives demonstrates promising results, indicating its utility in scenarios where MRI is contraindicated or inaccessible.
Single-stage surgical repair of a pre-coarctation aortic arch aneurysm and arteria lusoria
Authors: Kanj Mouhammad , Mansour Ziad , Farhat Fadi
Published: December 2024

Managing an adult patient with aortic coarctation and associated anomalies presents a significant surgical challenge. We present a case of an adult male with aortic coarctation, pre-coarctation distal arch 7-cm aneurysm involving the origin of the left subclavian artery, and aberrant (lusoria) right subclavian artery. He was managed with one surgical approach, consisting of right carotid-subclavian bypass, exclusion of the right subclavian artery, proximal descending aortic replacement and reinsertion of left subclavian artery, using partial cardiopulmonary bypass.
Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Drain Placement for Postsurgical Breast Region Fluid Collections
Authors: Herwald Sanna E , Zhou Wenhui , Ikeda Debra , Vezeridis Alexander
Published: December 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of percutaneous drain placement for postoperative fluid collections in the breast.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of the patient characteristics, intervention data, and clinical outcomes of the 43 adult patients who underwent percutaneous drain placement for fluid collections at a tertiary care hospital over a 13-year period ending February 28, 2023.

Results

Most fluid collections treated with percutaneous drain placement were secondary to ipsilateral breast surgery (92%, 44/48), most commonly breast reduction (23%, 10/44) and mastectomy with immediate tissue expander reconstruction (16%, 7/44). Additional patients had fluid collections without prior ipsilateral breast surgery (8%, 4/48) and were excluded from further analysis. The fluid cultures from 39% of the cultured postsurgical fluid collections were positive (16/41), and Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly cultured organism (15%, 6/41). The only immediate complication was the rupture of a tissue expander during drain placement in 1 patient. The median duration of percutaneous drainage for postsurgical fluid collections was 12 days (range: 1 to 49 days). Percutaneous drain placement achieved clinical success without any subsequent treatments in 73% (32/44) of patients. An additional 7% (3/44) of patients required subsequent image-guided aspiration procedures and/or percutaneous drain placements but avoided surgical treatment for a persistent fluid collection.

Conclusion

Postsurgical fluid collections after diverse breast surgeries represented the vast majority of the fluid collections referred to our academic practice for percutaneous drain placement. Percutaneous drain placement was a safe and effective treatment in this patient population.
CT-guided radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of bilateral T3–4 sympathetic chain combined with bilateral L3 sympathetic ganglion in patient with palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Lai Shangdao , Yuan Tao , Huang Bing , Liu Jiongfeng , Chen Yanzhong , Huang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuquan , Lai Feiran
Published: December 2024

Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis is a functional disease with an unknown pathogenesis, making it challenging to find a lasting and effective treatment. This article reports a case of a 43-year-old patient with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis treated with computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of bilateral T3–4 sympathetic chain combined with bilateral L3 sympathetic ganglion. The optimal puncture level and skin entry point were selected, and measurements were taken using a CT tool to determine needle depth, angle, and distance from the midline. A sympathetic needle was inserted through the T4 intercostal space to the outer side of the T4 rib head. The needle position was adjusted to achieve a tissue resistance, confirmed through sensory, motor stimulation, and three-dimensional reconstruction. RFN was performed, and this process was repeated for 1–2 cycles. Subsequently, a similar procedure was performed at the L3 sympathetic ganglion under CT guidance, resulting in improved sweating symptoms in the patient’s hands and feet.
Treatment of metastatic carotid body paraganglioma in a young female
Authors: Malkoc Aldin , Ahmad Maryam , Kim Paul , Andacheh Iden
Published: December 2024

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare head and neck paragangliomas that arise from the carotid body chemoreceptor at the common carotid bifurcation. These neoplasms are generally benign, slow-growing, nonsecreting, and well-vascularized. Metastasis occurs in ~5% of cases. Here, we report a case of a 35-year-old female presenting with 1-year history of a growing left neck mass, consistent with a CBT. Patient ultimately underwent surgical excision and was found to have a malignant paraganglioma with metastases to cervical lymph nodes. She was further treated with a left modified radical neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy and remains disease-free at the time of follow-up 2 years later. We discuss the roles of preoperative assessment, concomitant selective neck dissection and tumor resection, and subsequent modified radical neck dissection as part of the diagnosis and surgical management of malignant CBTs.
Conservative management in a spontaneous pneumoperitoneum post breast augmentation and abdominoplasty: a rare case report
Authors: Alsobyani Faris , Alshakri Khadijah , Attar Hanin Mohammed , Abada Hatem , Rokbah Hassan Abu
Published: December 2024

This case report discusses a 32-year-old woman with no significant medical history who underwent elective bilateral breast reduction with auto-augmentation and abdominoplasty. Initially, her recovery was smooth, but on the third postoperative day, she exhibited tachycardia, tachypnea, and mild shortness of breath, while other vital signs remained stable. A chest X-ray revealed pneumoperitoneum, and a subsequent abdominal CT confirmed moderate pneumoperitoneum without gastrointestinal leakage. Due to the lack of peritoneal signs and normal bowel sounds, conservative management was chosen. Over 2 days, her condition improved, and she was discharged without complications. This case emphasizes the need to recognize nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum after recent abdominal surgery and suggests that conservative management can be effective in the absence of perforation. This report is the first documented instance of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum following breast augmentation and abdominoplasty, highlighting the need for awareness in similar cases.