bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive plant species of Maharashtra state: a review.
Authors: Chavre Bhagwat W. , Patil Ramakant K.
Published: August 2024

Invasive plants are the species which do not occur naturally in the region but rapidly proliferate in the area where they introduced and causes several negative impacts on local biodiversity, economy and human health. Many such plants are intentionally or non-intentionally introduced in various regions of the world and particularly in India. In the stateof, Maharashtra many such plant species have been introduceddeliberately for the purpose of ornamentation, agriculture and for other purposes. In this article, efforts are taken to gather information of such invasive alien species introduced in different regions of Maharashtra state.
Water Bodies mapping and monitoring using high-resolution satellite images
Authors: Tomar Pallavi , Singh Suraj Kumar , Kanga Shruti , Pattanaik Amitanshu
Published: August 2024

Recent developments in satellite optical remote sensors have led to a new age in surface water monitoring. Several methodologies have been developed to identify water bodies using the various spatial, spectral, and temporal properties. Surface water observation is a functional necessity for ecological and hydrological processes. Recently anticipated satellites with enhanced spectral and spatial resolution sensors might lead to broader remote sensing techniques for evaluating and monitoring water bodies. Remote sensing data integration, GPS, and GIS technology are powerful tools to monitor and analysewater bodies. Remotely sensed data could be utilized to construct a geographically positioned permanent database to give a baseline for future comparisons. For many environmental applications, surface water body mapping and monitoring are crucial. This research examines surface water detection, extraction, and monitoring with optical remote sensing, particularly progress within the recent decade. Satellite image delineation of the water body remains challenging due to sensor resolutions, cloud presence, low-albedo surfaces, topography, and atmospheric circumstances in metropolitan locations. This study shows the utility of high spatial resolutions satellite imagesare suitable for mapping and monitoring surface water bodies, even minor water systems. The suggested technique distinguished water from other land cover features with precision and time. The integrated use of remotely sensed data, GPS, and GIS will allowconsultants and natural resource managers to construct management plans for several applications for the management of natural resources.
NDVI and NDMI indices based land use and land cover change analysis of Charaideu District, Assam, India.
Authors: Bora Rimlee , Bora Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2024

A transformation of natural environment to man-made environment causes Land use and Land cover change (LULC). These changes have been taking place due to human’s unethical uses of natural resources. Remote Sensing and GIS are the essential techniques to identify land use land cover change in an area.Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)andNormalized Difference Moisture Index(NDMI)indiceshave been usedto study the Land use changes in Charaideu District.The objectives of this paper are to analyse the spatio-temporal LULC, NDVI and NDMIchanges and the impact of LULC change in NDVI and NDMI. Three multi-temporal satellite imageries for the years 1995, 2010, and 2020 were acquired from the United States Geological Survey website to meet the study's aims.The supervised classification method has been applied to prepare land use and land cover mapsusing Maximum Likelihood Algorithm and alsothe NDVI and NDMI maps for depicting vegetation pattern and moisture condition of the study area. It is revealed from the study that the areas under built-up land and agricultural hand have been increasing during the period 1995-2020. On the other hand, area under dense vegetation has decreased due to increasing population which leads to changes in vegetation pattern and moisture condition in the study area.
Diversity and composition of co-existing soil micro-arthropods and association probability.
Authors: M.G. Sanal Kumar  , Kumar Akhil , P. Manoharan Pillai
Published: August 2024

The soil is at the interphase between the atmosphere and lithosphere and also with water bodies of fresh and salt. The organic matter of the soil was mixed up with minerals and derives energy. Soil organic matter is one of the major sources of nutrient element for plants. Organic matter in soil is a dynamic material and it changes continuously as a result of microbial activity. The soil faunas inhabiting the soil are active partners of plant tissues. In this study Population density, diversity, soil properties and species association of soil groups in general and species association of a soil isopod Phyloscia javanensis in particular was studied. It was observed that, in general grassland soil is more fertile than agriculture soil. The monsoon season has showed maximum soil animal group density and species association followed by post monsoon and summer season. The species with more significant positive association was observes as Collembola and Acari. The species under special study Phyloscia javanensis showed maximum association in monsoon in both ecosystems and least during summer
How are floristic structure and community categories in the vegetation of Hamar Tribes at Buska Mountain Range, Southwestern Ethiopia?
Authors: Bekele Melese , Demisew Sebsebe , Bekele Tamrat , Woldeyes Feleke
Published: August 2024

The current investigation was conducted in the vegetation of Buska Mountain range, Hamar area, Southwestern Ethiopia. The main goals of the study were investigating plant diversity, community types, vegetation structure, regeneration status, and the major environmental threats to the vegetation.  Accordingly, the required data were collected from 92 quadrats of 20m x 20m (400 m2) for woody species and five subplots of 25 m2 for shrubs and five subplots of 4 m2 for saplings and seedlings as well as herbaceous plant species within the main plots. The plots were laid out in a systematic manner along eight transect lines that were one kilometer apart. The height and DBH of woody plant species with a height ≥2 m and DBH ≥2.5 cm were measured, and the cover-abundance was estimated. Community classification was conducted using agglomerative hierarchical method(R package version 4.1.3). The Shannon-winner diversity and Evenness indices were used to calculate plant species diversity, richness, and evenness. DBH, basal area, density, height, frequency, and importance value indices were used to describe the vegetation structure. A total of 272 vascular plant species within 202 genera and 77 families were identified. Fabaceae (with 33 species; 12 %) was the most dominant family, followed by the Asteraceae (16 species; 6 %). Shrubs were the most frequent growth habit (43%) in the vegetation. The highest and the least Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were recorded in community types three and two respectively. The result of CCA ordination analysis revealed that the altitude, grazing, slop and aspect were some of the environmental factors influencing the plant species distribution and community types' formation. Despite the arid climatic conditions and fragile characteristics of the study area, it supports a higher variety of plant species. However, there were natural and anthropogenic interventions currently threatening the vegetation. As a result of realized diversity as well as vulnerability, the study vegetation necessitates immediate interventions to mitigate the disturbances.
Sustainable resource recovery from municipal wastewater: An overview.
Authors: Sonune Nilesh
Published: August 2024

The rapid growth of human population, climate change and economic growth has resulted in a greater demand for natural resources includes water, nutrients and energy which leads to huge production of municipal wastewater. It ultimately puts pressure on the environment as it leads to the water pollution. The traditional methods used for municipal wastewater treatment for removal of contaminants are effective in human health protection, however, needs large amount of energy and materials for the removal of contaminants and are inefficient for the recovery of resources.  To overcome this, sustainable approach for resource recovery from municipal wastewater is the best alternative as wastewater contains abundant crucial resources such as water, organic and inorganic material. If it is recovered and recycled, leads to reduce the stress on natural resources. This paper discussed an overview on recovery of different resources such as biogas, biohydrogen, single cell proteins, water, metals, nutrients, fertilizers and Polyhydroxyalkanoate from municipal wastewater which can help to reduce pressure on natural resources, pollution and help to increase circular economy, which leads to the sustain the environment.
Cotton cultivating marginalised farmers’climate change perceptions, impacts and adaptation strategies in Vidarbha region, Central India
Authors: Tikadar Kumaresh S. , Kamble Rahul K.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess cotton cultivating marginalised farmers' climate change perceptions, impacts, and adaptation strategies in the Vidarbha region of Central India. Purposive sampling was carried out to identify 70 marginalised farmers from the study area in the year 2020. A specially designed and developed questionnaire was used as a tool to elicit information from the respondent. From the identified sample population, 14.28% are illiterate and 34.28% with primary educationand 42.85% don't use a cell phone. Climate change perceptions of these farmers arewell understood and clear and reported rain pattern change (100%), wind profile change (81.42%) and high atmospheric temperature (75.71%).Of the different causes responsible for climate change crop residue burning is considered as a major (97.14%). Impacts of climate change on agriculture in general is reported as crop production reduced (95.71%) > crop growth reduction (85.71%) > reduction in soil fertility (81.42%) > irrigation water scarcity (65.71%). Impacts on cotton cultivation in particular include increase in insect/pest attack (90%) > production reduced (62.85%) > crop quality deteriorated (32.85%). The cost of insecticide/pesticide use is increased by 21-40% whereas profit received is decreased (71.42%). Heatstroke is identified asa major (66.66%) impact on livestock and death due to it (23.33%). Farmers willingness for adaptationto new methodsis in the order of irrigation (82.85%) > harvest (72.85%) > during sowing (67.14%) > crop growth (51.42%). Future climate change adaptation strategies include high yielding crop varieties (100%) > early maturing crop varieties (60%) > use of organic manure (52.85%) > irrigated crops (48.57%) > drought-resistant crop varieties (45.71%) > crop diversification (37.14%) > water use change (30%).The climate change-induced problems faced by these marginalised farmers are well defined and different from other farmer categories and needs a holistic approach to overcome them. Sustainable adaptation strategies emphasize on climate-smart agriculture isthe need of the hour to pave the way for sustainable agriculture and sustainable livelihood. This may be perhaps the first study with this aim from the region.
Monsoon associated macroinvertebrate community dynamics in lakes of urban and semi-urban areasof Ranchi, North Eastern India.
Authors: Lal Amrita , Lal Namita
Published: August 2024

In Indian subcontinent monsoon affects billions of lives, even modest alterations in spatiotemporal pattern may lead to significant socioeconomic stress in the region. Monsoon also affect creation, rejuvenation, and sustenance of lakes. Freshwater lakes habitats various biological assemblages that translates in ecological quality of water. During monsoon, heavy inflow of runoff water can significantly alter species assemblages and their association with quality of water. This study evaluated changes in macroinvertebrates dynamics of Ranchi (urban) and Kanke (semi-urban) lakes located in Chota Nagpur Plateau, North-eastern India. Results indicated higher abundance of macroinvertebrate in Ranchi lake than Kanke lake. However, taxa richness was greater in Kankelake in comparison to Ranchi lake. Monsoon had higher impact on abundance of taxonomic order under family Gastropoda. Post-monsoon increase in abundance of Basommatophora (14%), Neotaenioglossa (14%), and Littorinimorpha (13%) were observed. Likewise, Architaeniogiossa, incertae sedis, Haplotaxida were least affected taxonomical orders during investigated seasons. Both lakes were dominated by collector-gatherers (CG), however, Kanke lake indicated richness in diversity of FFGs. CGs were also less motivatedby seasonal alteration before, during and after monsoon. In conclusion, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons largely affects abundance of macroinvertebrates in both lakes. Runoff rainwater supports macroinvertebrate development through addition of nutrients. This study indicated that Ranchi lake contains high abundance of scrapers (SC) and grazers (GZ), those are associated with higher anthropogenic activities. Likewise, higher taxonomical richness in Kanke lake indicated more diverse and healthy ecosystem.
An Integrated Study of Natural Springs to sustain water security:Case Study of three villages from a Himalayan State of India
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Negi M.S.
Published: August 2024

Equitable access to water, whether it isquantity orquality, is one of the fundamental rights. It facilitates economic development,gender equality and good human health. But in the last few decades, lack ofpotable water has causedillness and resulting millions of deaths. In Himalayan Region, springs are the basic water sourcewhich fulfills the needs ofrural population.The point at which the groundwater emerges over the earth surface and flows naturally is called spring.Drying up of these springs, due to climate change and biophysical landscape change, isnot only causing problem to human health, impeding gender equality but also causingnearby bio diversityto lose resilience. Therefore, a basic understanding of springs is required for its further studiesand to maintain water security. This present work is focused on the initial steps of Spring Sanctuary development. The present outline emphasized on the spring mappingand has prepareda social database of springs of three villages of Saurakhaal nyay panchayat of jakholi block, Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand.The status of the springs has been assessed by monitoring their discharge data for eight months(Nov, 2020-June, 2021).Also,the endangered and vulnerable springs of the study area has been identified by scoring them on the basis of critical issues.
Numerical analysis of cement panels reinforced with galvanized iron or polypropylene meshes.
Authors: Jose Sherry Rose , Thomas Job
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of panels reinforced with galvanized iron (GI) or polypropylene (PP) meshes. It has been a common practice to use galva-nized iron meshes as reinforcement in panels and is popularly called as ferrocement panels. Elevated humidity level and presence of salts can lead to corrosion of these gal-vanized iron meshes, leading to reduced service life. A rust-freepolypropylene mesh can be used as an alternate to the steel mesh. This paper presents numerical analysis in ANSYS Workbench based on an experimental study published in the literature” Compara-tivestudy of ferrocement panels reinforced with galvanized iron and polypropylene meshes”. A total of 16 rectangular panels tested in flexure was analyzed. Out of 16 pan-els, 8 were reinforced with GI mesh and 8 with PP mesh. The specimens were simply supported on two short edges and subjected to four-point bending. The parameters in-vestigated include thickness of panels, volume fraction and the material of the mesh. All the GI mesh panels showed better strength than the corresponding PP mesh rein-forcedcement panels. However,PP mesh panels exhibited better ductility as compared to GI mesh panels. An increase of 54% is noticed in 40mm thick panels reinforced with GI mesh, when compared to 20mm thick panels. Similarly, an increase of 83% is noticed in 40mm thick panels reinforced with PP mesh, when compared to 20mm thick panels.The results of numerical analysis were found to be comparable with the corresponding exper-imental results.
Prunus armeniaca l. Fruit: nutritional profile, medicinal value and their utilization in the food industry - a review
Authors: Mansi Chaudhary  , Ridhima Singh  , Ekta Singh Chauhan
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the significance of the Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot) fruit, as well as its nutritional content, therapeutic benefits, and application in the food sector. Since fruit consumption has been linked to a lower risk of many diseases due to its nutritional and therapeutic properties. In order to enhance health, current nutritional research trends recommend ingesting 400 g or more of fruits per day. More than 60 scientific publications with the keywords “fruits importance”; “Apricot - overview, geographical extent, nutritional profile, medicinal value, and uses in the food industry” were taken into consideration for this review from a number of databases. The Prunus armeniaca L., one of the most popular stone fruits in the world and a member of the Rosaceae family, appears to be based on available data. The apricot fruit is highly regarded for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value, which includes protein, amino acids, fibre, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive substances. They have a variety of pharmaceutical properties, including antidiarrheal, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and renoprotective activities. Various culinary items, including jam, juice, cookies, puree, fruit bars, and dried fruit, contain apricots. The information of the apricot fruit, including its vernacular names, hierarchy, species, description of the plant, origin and geographic scope, nutritional profile, therapeutic value, and other uses in the food industry, is all included in this review study. The data gathered will be useful for scientific research.
Opportunities & challenges of usage of bioactive compounds in agro-food businesses
Authors: Anamika Chauhan  , Indresh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Bioactive compounds have gained considerable attention in the agro-food industry due to their potential health benefits and functional properties. These compounds are naturally occurring in various plant and animal sources and have been extensively researched for their potential applications in food and beverage products. The use of bioactive compounds in agro-food businesses provides several opportunities, including the development of functional food products, increased consumer demand for healthy and natural products, and potential cost savings through the use of natural ingredients. However, several challenges are associated with bioactive compounds in agro-food businesses, including the lack of standardization in extraction and analysis methods, regulatory hurdles, and consumer perception and acceptance. With a focus on important keywords like "bioactive compounds," "agro-food industry," "functional food products," "health benefits," and "consumer perception," this paper aims to provide a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of bioactive compounds in agro-food businesses.
Assessment of Agricultural Productivity and Constraints Faced by Smallholder Farmers in Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Prashant  , K. Vijaykumar
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to identify the determinants of food security status among women farmers in rural Karnataka, India. The study used a sample size of 1200 farmers, of which 45% were female. The study found that female farmers faced significant constraints in terms of access to inputs, market information, and credit, which impacted their food security status. The study also found that female farmers faced gender-related constraints, such as limited mobility due to social norms, limited access to education and training, and limited decision-making power in the household. These gender-related constraints further affected their access to resources and their food security status. The study highlights the importance of addressing these gender-related constraints and providing female farmers with equal access to resources and services to improve their food security status. Such efforts can be made by increasing women's access to credit, extension services, and training opportunities, and by promoting women's participation in decision-making at all levels of the agricultural value chain. Furthermore, policies aimed at improving women's mobility, including access to transportation and infrastructure, can also contribute to enhancing their access to resources.
Keywords: Agricultural productivity; smallholder farmers; Kalaburagi district; Karnataka; India.
A review on waste plastic pyrolyzed oil
Authors: Shajahan Amina , Benjamin Benoy
Published: August 2024

The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, natural gas or coal. Plastics have become an integral part of our daily lives which causes hazardous impact on wildlife and human populations. About 380 million tons of plastic is produced worldwide. The conversion of waste plastic into fuel decreases a huge environmental and economic issues. Pyrolysis process becomes an option of waste energy technology to deliver fuel in order to replace fossil fuel. One of the main advantage of pyrolysis process is its ability to handle the unsorted and dirty plastic. This review focuses on producing pyrolyzed oil from waste plastic termed as plastic pyrolyzed oil which can be marketed at cheaper rates compared to that present in market like diesel.
Spatial analysis on the provisions of educational amenities in North Kashmir [J&K]-India
Authors: Lone Sheraz Ahmad , Ali Saiema , Singh Dr. Harmeet
Published: August 2024

Amenities that are needed for the society comprise the infrastructure, goods and services.  For the emergence and sustain of a society these amenities are the central to a society. The paper examined inequalities in the distribution of amenities in North Kashmir which is manifested in the form of unequal provision of educational amenities within the blocks of North Kashmir. The spatial distribution of educational institution was studied in North Kashmir. To determine the spatial concentration pattern in the provision of educational amenity Location Quotient technique has been used. In accessing and quantifying the spatial disparity Lorenz Curve and Gini’s coefficient proved to be useful tool. The results of the analysis indicate that inequalities exist in the provision of accessibility of educational amenity and there is complete disparity in the distribution of educational institutions across the spatial landscape of North Kashmir
Impact of nutrition education on the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding nutrition during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Manju Mrs. , Gupta Manju
Published: August 2024

Adolescence is one of the crucial phases of life when an individual learns adult behaviour and gets ready to take important decisions in life. It is also known as the storm age of life as the individual goes through lots of stress because this is the direction deciding stage of life. In the case of Indian adolescent girls, lots of social taboos and expectations expose these adolescent girls to challenges of life during their early years. In order to strengthen adolescent girls in the age group of 15-18 years regarding nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, a pre and post-test research study was undertaken with 100 adolescent girls, selected randomly from three government schools of Sikar district, Rajasthan. The objectives of the study were to assess the existing knowledge of adolescent girls regarding nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and analysis of the impact of training on the existing knowledge. A training manual was designed by the researcher and data were collected through a questionnaire schedule and analysed using frequency, mean percentage and paired t-test. Results of the study suggest that training programmes had a huge impact on the knowledge of adolescent girls. This might be because adolescent girls have the curiosity to learn and the training programme was participatory in nature. It can be concluded that adolescents can be trained on various aspects of nutrition during the lifecycle, health, entrepreneurial skill development, or digital literacy.
Rethinking primary health centers (PHCs): designing for the post pandemic era
Authors: Akhtar Md Haseen , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: August 2024

Thinking Shift Alert: “Thinking out of the box” to “Thinking around the box”. COVID-19 pandemic was a painful lesson for all. When it started to take control over the healthcare infrastructure in quick time, all we managed was to provide needed care to the population. The conventional healthcare infrastructure had a set back with restricted capacity to treat patients. The surge of incoming patients was one of its kind which led to innovative emergency approaches to cope with the situation at hand. Repurposing old structures, erecting temporary structures, establishing mobile hospitals and many more grass root innovations were surfaced and implemented worldwide. Although, Primary Health Centers (PHCs) were used for testing and vaccination, it was not utilized to its full potential due to several reasons. Primary Health Centers (PHCs) were utilized to its maximum capacity for testing and vaccination. The PHCs inaccessibility due to its remote location, less awareness among the community and various other reasons led to less testing and vaccination of the population resulting in underutilization of PHCs and invasion of deadly virus into the deepest of the societies. This study explores problems related to the underutilization of PHCs through a study in rural areas around Kanpur. We visited PHCs in Kanpur and interviewed the medical officers to find problems associated with its underutilization and to draw insights to brainstorm ideas about innovative ways to improve. One of the findings from the field study is that this problem needs an interdisciplinary attention of experts. Finally, we established that the concept of making the Primary Health Centers (PHC), a mobile infrastructure, will certainly remove most, if not all, the existing problem and has a potential to emerge as a new healthcare delivery model to provide basic healthcare services to the intended users.
Hydrobiological investigation at Ennore backwater: emphasize to seasonal consequence
Authors: Padmavathy V , Sesh Serebiah J. , Stella Chelladurai
Published: August 2024

Hydrobiology regulates the plankton diversity in a water body and is a fundamental research area in aquatic and ecological studies. The present study was carried out to assess the physicochemical parameters viz. temperature, salinity, pH, at four stations in Ennore estuary for the period of one year from January to December 2021. Atmospheric Temperature of the Ennore backwaters varied from 26 to 36°C and the mean temperature of 31.20°C. Surface water temperature in the present study was varied from 25°C to 34°C and the mean temperature of 29.45°C. Salinity was varied from 22.35 to 54.65 ppt and the mean salinity of 37.44 ppt. pH at Ennore back waters ranged from 7.5 to 8.5 with the mean pH of 8.08. Dissolved oxygen content was ranged from 0.59 to 8.2 mg/l and the mean dissolved oxygen content of 4.85 mg/l. Salinity is the predominant parameter altered in wide range. The basic reason for the salinity alteration is the continual ventilation hot water from thermal power stations with temperature raise.
Review of literature on hyperuricemia
Authors: Verma Smriti , Sameer S. Nadgauda  , Pallavi Khatavkar
Published: August 2024

Hyperuricemia has long been recognised as the primary cause of gout. A large body of evidence suggests that hyperuricemia may play a role in the development and pathogenesis ofa variety of metabolic, hemodynamic, and systemic pathologic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis, in recent years. Several epidemiologicstudies have linked hyperuricemia to each of these conditions. Uric acid-lowering therapies have been shown in some studies to prevent or improve certain aspects of the metabolicsyndrome.
Determinants to cooperative societies access to government agricultural inputs intervention program in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Authors: Uloh E V , Ume S I , Nwose D I , Onyeke A C
Published: August 2024

The determinant factors to cooperative societies access to government agricultural production intervention programs in Anambra State, Nigeria. Multi stage random sampling techniquewas used to select one hundred and twentycooperative societiesfor detailed study. Primary data were obtained through use of structured questionnaireand informal or oral interview of the respondents. Percentageresponses,Logistic regression and Factor analysis models were employed to address the objectives of the study. The result of the socioeconomic characteristics showsthat most of the respondents were youthful(57.5%), males (54.2%) married(66.7%), educated(93.3%), experiencedin farming (70%) and had poor extension to services(66.7%).On the result of the cooperative type and sources of income showsthat most of the respondents were members of multipurpose, thrift(75%)and savings(66.7%), followed by production(63.3%)and marketing cooperatives(57.6%). The sources of income for the respondents were loan(74%), levies(66.7%),registrations(63.3%), sales(51.7%).The result of the benefits of cooperative to the members waseducational and training (75%),easily access to credit (73.3%), access to farm input (70%), improved farm output(66.7%), improved livelihood(65%)and addedvalue to agricultural product(56.7%). Besides, the farm inputs intervention available to the farmers were access to land(81.7%), fertilizer (75%),loan(65%),cassava cutting(64.2%), tractor services (58.3%) and storage equipment(53.3%).Additionally the farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics that affected their access to government agricultural inputs and interventions were household size, extension services, educational of the respondents, off farm income and membership of organization. The constraints to cooperative activities were poor government support (0.406), poor education and training(0.403), corruption(0.422), lack of membership commitment(0.432), over-control and regulation by government(0.407), lack of clear guide and involvement in politics(0.441). The following recommendations were proffered; thereis need to enhance farmers’ access to credit from formal institution at low interest rate, needto expose the farmers to educational programsand improve farmers’ access to improved farm inputs at reduced or subsidized costs.
Commons beyond public goods
Authors: Sarkar Sukumar
Published: August 2024

Common pool resources (CPRs) play crucial role in the welfare of rural household. In developing countries like India, CPRs act as development drivers and safety-net providerto Poor People (PP). To overcome ‘Tragedy of Commons’and sustainable conservation of commons, cooperation is needed to conserve CPRs due to its features: non excludability and substractability of the yield. But, community institution (rural households or community) sometimes faces challenges to conserve economicallywhen we consider two additional characteristics of commons such as mobilityand stationary. We have carried out field study on 419 CPR dependent households to examine CPR settings of canal irrigation, community forestry and tank irrigation. We found: types, nature and degree of conflicts differ between stock and mobile resources, users follow stock and mobile resource specific institutional arrangement and conflicts are resolved by adopting resource specific methods. The nature, type and degree of conflictsare different between villages and districts. We also developed categorizations of CPRs helpful to the resources users for understanding and anticipating strategies to confront and solve commons conflicts.
Modelling Architectural Interpretations of Indigenous Crafts:A compilation of ideas inculcated in an elective studio.
Authors: Sinha Alisha
Published: August 2024

Craft is a skill, which helps in achieving mastery in material and technique. Indigenous crafts can be rightly called “expressions” of a particular culture. Unfortunately, in today’s rapidly developing world, mass production is making themlose their essence as they require more time, resources and personalization. If these skillsets become obsolete, regional identities would become anonymous. Architecture is already facing this challenge where one cannot distinguish between the urban skylines across the world due todesignglobalization. Indigenous crafts have the capacity to keepthe local character of a place intact. This research intends to interpretand utilize various regional crafts through design interventions in the built environment. It was conducted as a part of an elective studio, where students studied various crafts, and tried to understand their most appropriate applications in design. The studio used a methodology of “reverse exploration”, which helped establish relevant relationships between craft and architecture. Students analyzed a particular craft, based on diverse parameters to understand its scope and feasibility in architecture design. Their study led to explorations and finally interpretations in their own design language. This research contributes in two ways: firstly, by developing interventions that preserve the identities of native crafts; and secondly, by developing a teaching methodology based on reverse exploration, that is applicative in nature and can be practiced in other disciplines of design andragogy as well. The outcomes of this research can be significant for students, designersand academicians who intend to explore the possible connections between craft and architecture.
Space syntax analysis as tool to develop sustainable tourism: the case of Garli, a hamlet inKangra district,Himachal Pradesh, India.
Authors: Chakravarty Dipanwita
Published: August 2024

Human settlements have evolved through ages to arrive at the complex mechanisms they display today in terms of spatial metamorphosis.However study of spatial characteristics, are important as they signify strategicparameters for augmentation and rehabilitation of human settlements andhelp to identify key issuesfor transformation.Space syntax analysis is an approach to understand spatial characteristics through a set of analytical, quantitative and descriptive tools in different forms like buildings, cities, interior spaces or landscapes.(Hillier and Hanson, 1984, Hillier, 1996)The present paper aims tounderstand andimplement a set of analytical and descriptiveapproachesto Space Syntax analysisto identify the most appropriate pedestrian walkway for sustainable tourism developmentin the context of a Himalayan hamlet, Garli in Kangra district of HimachalPradesh.Building awareness about environmental degradation and the depletion of its resources was first identifiedin the report “The Limits to Growth” by D.L. Meadows and “Man and His Environment” by U'Thant that waspublished in the late 60s. These became the foundation for international discussions on sustainable development(Sustainable tourism Development, IvonaNiedziolka). In the early 1970s the first United Nations (UNEP) Conference on the Human Environment chaired byUN Secretary-General took place in Stockholm. It produced an action plan for the environment based on the global environmental assessment programmecalled Earth-watch,highlighting Environmental management activities and International measuresto support the National and International actions of assessment and management. (Cooper, Fletcher, Fyall, Gilbert, Wanhill, 2008).It was increasingly realized that the massive environmental degradation inflicted by tourists needs to be reduced and the concept of sustainable tourism became popular which encourages tourism with minimal environmental intervention.The present paper aims to understand the basic principles of space syntax analysis consideringspatial cognition through the knowledge of axial map, integration, choice and distance measures and applying this theory to delineate the most usable pedestrian walkway as a part of sustainable network,culminating in a route for heritage walk fortourism development plan.The most integrated pathway was selected after considering the connectivity value, mean depth value, control value and accessibility
Thermal performance of residential structure with respect to climate change: case -tropical climate.
Authors: Niphadkar Ajinkya , Kelkar Shobhan , Wayal Akshay
Published: August 2024

Research paper expresses analysis of current research involving a definite Urban expansion project for Mumbai city. The developers-builders enquired for technically supported information relating to the future microclimatic transformations in the growth area and their probabilities for the thermal behaviors of the proposed building. To deal with this inquiry, the structure’s thermal behaviors were calculated by using simulation techniques for the current and proposed climatic conditions i.e. extreme climatic conditions. Thereby, substitute structures design (exclusively, a range of façade design alternatives) were well thought-out in vision of their mitigation efficiency vis-à-vis environmental changes projections. The outcome helps in providing capable assessment of such structure design features.
Effect of Medical Ozone on Pain and Mouth Opening after Third Molar Surgery: Case Report
Authors: Bastos Poliana Lima , Brito Mara Kelly Pinheiro , Paiva Calebe Lamonier de Oliveira Costa , Freire Diana Cristina Aguiar , Araújo Matéus Simplício , Dantas Joelson Pessoa , Silva Antônio Evandro de Sousa , Diniz Nara Andre , Silva Eduardo Adelmo Alves , Farias Mariana Linhares , Sampieri Marcelo Bonifácio da Silva , Ottoboni Guilherme Salles
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy in reducing pain and its effect on mouth opening after third molar surgery.
Case Presentation: The cases reported in this paper are part of a randomized, triple-blind, "split-mouth" clinical study, where surgery was performed using the conventional technique on one side (G1- Control Group), and using ozone therapy on the other side (G2- Test Group), as a means of comparison. In this study, five patients were selected with indications for bilateral extraction of lower third molars with similar positions, and who did not present characteristics of infection. In the immediate preoperative period, pain levels were assessed using the VAS scale and mouth opening using a pachymeter; this was repeated in the immediate postoperative period and after 72 hours. The patient's perception of pain, mouth opening and analgesic intake were assessed.
Results: Ozone therapy (G2) reduced postoperative pain, reduced the intake of analgesics and achieved better control of mouth opening when compared to the conventional technique (G1).
Conclusion: Ozone therapy can be an effective, biocompatible and safe alternative for pain control and mouth opening after third molar surgery, helping to improve patients' quality of life and bringing new perspectives to dentistry. However, due to the small sample size, it is very important to carry out more clinical studies on the subject.
Impacts of bad news communication on nursing care in home-based oncology palliative care / Impactos da comunicação de más notícias na assistência de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliares
Authors: Almeida Alessandra de Moraes de , Oliveira Adriana Maria de
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: levantar produções científicas sobre os impactos da comunicação de más notícias na assistência de enfermagem domiciliar a pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos exclusivos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados BVS, Scielo e Medline. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Software IRAMUTEQ e a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: as classes identificadas incluem a importância da assistência domiciliar no cuidado paliativo exclusivo (Classes 3 e 4), os desafios e sucessos da enfermagem nesse contexto (Classes 1 e 6), e a comunicação e envolvimento da família para decisões no cuidado paliativo (Classes 2 e 5). Destaca-se a importância da colaboração entre equipe de enfermagem, outros profissionais e familiares para a eficácia dos cuidados. Considerações finais: uma comunicação eficaz, o engajamento da equipe e a humanização são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade de vida desde o diagnóstico do cuidado paliativo até o fim da vida.
Flame Retardants: Overview
Authors: Morgan Alexander B. , Worku Anteneh Z.
Published: June 2015

Flame retardants are a class of chemicals utilized to provide fire safety performance to other materials, structures, and devices used in modern society. These chemicals are highly varied in molecular structure and chemistry and work by one of the following three main mechanisms: vapor‐phase combustion inhibition, endothermic cooling, or condensed‐phase char formation. The chemicals in use today fall into seven main chemical groups including halogenated, phosphorus based, mineral fillers, nitrogen based, intumescent materials, inorganic materials, and polymer nanocomposites.

In this article, how flame retardants are used, how they work, and when to use them is discussed. From the article, it will be clear that flame retardants are chemicals employed to provide fire protection for specific materials in specific fire risk scenarios. Specifically, while the term “flame retardant” can cover a wide range of materials and chemicals, not all materials called flame retardants are effective in all materials and against all fire threats. Each flame retardant chemical must be tailored for its end use, and in this article, the criteria for flame retardant selection and use will be discussed in a general manner.

This article serves as an overview of flame‐retardant technology from how they are used today, what chemistries are used, and what the future of this technology may be. The article is comprehensive in scope about what this chemical technology is, but cannot provide all of the essential details for proper use of these materials in end‐use fire safety applications. Still, guidance is provided in the article to help the reader to understand the breadth of the technology and where to go to learn more, or how to engage intelligently with fire safety engineers and fire safety scientists to develop fire‐safe materials.
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC): Catalysts and Additives
Authors: Bryden Kenneth , Singh Udayshankar , Berg Michael , Brandt Stefan , Schiller Rosann , Cheng Wu‐Cheng
Published: June 2015

The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is the primary hydrocarbon conversion unit in the modern petroleum refinery. It uses heat and catalyst to convert a variety of high molecular weight feed types (eg, gas oils, cracked gas oils, deasphalted gas oils, and atmospheric/vacuum resids) into lighter, more valuable products such as gasoline, light fuel oil, and petrochemical feedstocks such as propylene and butylene. This article reviews the role of catalyst in the fluid catalytic cracking process. The design of catalyst, catalyst poisons, and the effect of catalyst on product yields and selectivity are covered. Also, the role of catalytic additives in maximizing light olefins and in controlling emissions is discussed. In addition, the importance of catalyst testing is covered, along with unconventional feedstocks and processes that are extending the role of FCC catalyst to areas beyond the original FCC process scope of converting heavy petroleum feedstocks into transportation fuels.
Self‐Repairing Polymeric Materials
Authors: Urban Marek W.
Published: June 2015

This article outlines the recent advances in the field of self‐healing polymers. The first part focuses on the role of stimuli‐responsive components that are capable of responding to external stimuli, followed by reversible covalent bond formation facilitating self‐repair processes. Dynamic exchange reactions between reversible covalent bonds offer another opportunity for the development of self‐healing polymers. These along with stable free radical‐mediated reshuffle reactions and heterocyclic compounds offer the unique opportunity for the development of heterogeneous polymeric systems capable of self‐healing. Integrity of supramolecular networks is achieved by the formation of noncovalent interactions typically accomplished by the presence of associative groups covalently attached to side chains or chain ends of the polymers. These interactions are discussed in the context of hydrogen bonds, metal coordination, ionic interactions, π–π stacking, and host–guest interactions. Several features make supramolecular chemistry particularly attractive when it comes to self‐healing, which are reversibility and speed, directionality, and sensitivity. Driven by a potential opportunity to close a mechanical crack, the last part of this article outlines self‐healing achieved using encapsulation methods, remote self‐healing, and the role of shape‐memory polymers in facilitating self‐repairs. While there are many exciting challenges facing this field, there are a number of opportunities in design, synthesis, and engineering of stimuli‐responsive polymeric systems and Mother Nature serves as a supplier of endless inspirations.
Air Traffic Control Systems
Authors: Sherry Lance
Published: June 2015

The modern air traffic control (ATC) system is one of the largest networked sociotechnological systems developed and operated by man. ATC systems ensure safe and efficient flight operations 24 h a day, 365 days a year across continents and oceans for upward of 15 million flights per year. This article outlines the objectives, principles of operation, and design of the modern ATC system.
Missile Guidance
Authors: Rodriguez Armando A.
Published: June 2015

Missile guidance addresses the problem of steering, or guiding, a missile to a target on the basis ofa prioriknown target coordinate information and/or real‐time target measurements obtained from onboard and/or external sensors.
Antennas
Authors: Christodoulou Christos , Wahid Parveen F. , Chryssomallis Michael T.
Published: June 2015

Antennas, as essential parts of a radio system, are defined as the devices that can radiate and receive electromagnetic energy in an efficient and desired manner. There are many different types of antennas, most of them designed specifically to fit a definite application. Although some of them, which were introduced many decades before, are still in use, there are also new antenna systems that follow modern demands for greater performance of various radio systems.

The area of antennas is characterized as vigorous and dynamic. A suitable approach is the classification of antennas generally into the following categories: wire antennas, reflector antennas, lens antennas, traveling wave antennas, frequency‐independent antennas, horn antennas, and conformal antennas. Antenna arrays, formed by suitably spacing radiating elements, are used to improve the characteristics of an individual antenna element. Reconfigurable antennas can radiate at different frequencies and polarizations and more than one pattern, providing more functionality in modern systems.

Antennas enjoy a very large range of applications, both in the military and in the commercial world. The most well‐known applications of antennas are associated with radio, TV, and communication systems. Today, antennas find extensive use in biomedicine, radar, remote sensing, astronomy, navigation, radio frequency identification, controlling space vehicles, collision avoidance, air traffic control, GPS, pagers, wireless telephone, wireless local area networks, and so on.