bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles of Instructional Design for E-Learning and Online Learning Practices
Authors: Demiroz Erdem
Published: August 2016

The dramatic transition from the post-Flexnerian model to the models of 21st century requires pedagogical practices such as teaching techniques, methods, and strategies to be modernized in order to address the diverse needs of 21st century medical students. E-learning and online education applications provide enriched opportunities for redesigning health education, and they are widely discussed in life-long learning, self-directed learning, and competency-based instructional practices. Advancements in educational technology, and the best practices of integrating educational technology with pedagogy, are not clearly outlined in medical education although e-learning and online education have the potential to address the requirements of modernized medical education. The overall goals of the chapter are to discuss technology-supported instructional design practices in medical education by emphasizing learner characteristics, addressing principles of instructional design for online teaching practices, and providing evaluation tools that guide designers to develop better online learning practices for advancing medical education through technology.
Collaborative Mobile Learning
Authors: Sa'don Nor Fadzleen , Iahad Noorminshah A.
Published: August 2016

Mobile learning (ML) fosters engaging personalized learning where students can optimize their understanding and learning gratification via wireless mobile devices. Although there are studies conducted on the research trends on ML, not much studies were conducted on the cutting-edge researches pertaining to Collaborative ML. Collaborative ML is significant because it promotes active learning and cooperative skills. This paper aims to analyze the state-of-the-art research conducted in the span of five years for identifying the trends and focuses in Collaborative ML. The systematic literature review is conducted based on Knowledge Discovery Database model capitalizing data mining as the main research methodology. Findings were based on top ten Impact Factor Journals on Educational Technology indexed in the ISI Web of Knowledge. The SLR discovered ten main areas that were discussed pertaining to Collaborative ML which are Motivation, Students' Acceptance, Pedagogy, Assessment, Tools, Social Networking, Gaming, Knowledge Sharing, Special Needs and Communications.
Language Learners and Mobile Technology
Authors: Al-Shehri Saleh
Published: August 2016

In order to understand the influence of mobile social media vs. formal learning platforms on creating effective student-student and teacher-student communication channels and linguistic outputs, this study was conducted. Using a qualitative approach, a number of 30 English language university teachers were interviewed. Evidence from their mobile and non-mobile interaction with their students was analyzed to support data from the interviews. The study evaluates the potential of both formal and informal communication mediums to maintain student-centered language learning experience. The study concludes that teachers still need to be aware of the potential of mobile technology and social media for language learning, and that there was a tendency among some teachers to implement formal technology tools for their teaching.
Support for Cloud-Based Mobile Learning
Authors: Verma Kritika , Dubey Sonal , Rizvi M. A.
Published: August 2016

Cloud based mobile learning (m-learning) is emerging as one of the most important branches of cloud computing, and is still in its infancy. These days, there are two emerging archetypes in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for learning. The first one is the anytime, anywhere, on-the-move, to be called the mobility archetype, and the second one is the cloud computing. Both archetypes are radically transforming the way we learn, communicate, access, and utilize information resources, and connect with peers and colleagues, thus affecting all aspects of education. This chapter delivers an introduction of the evolution of cloud based m-learning, benefits and characteristics of cloud based m-learning. It also canvasses the current scenario of m-learning utilizing the cloud, various challenges for implementing the m-learning system on the cloud. It further confers technologies used for cloud based m-learning. It also considers a brief look at methods for creating m-learning content and experiences, suggested by various researchers and concluded with the future aspects of the cloud based m-learning.
Applying Augmented Reality to a Mobile-Assisted Learning System for Martial Arts Using Kinect Motion Capture
Authors: Hsu Wen-Chun , Shih Ju-Ling
Published: August 2016

In this study, to learn the routine of Tantui, a branch of martial arts was taken as an object of research. Fitts' stages of motor learning and augmented reality (AR) were applied to a 3D mobile-assisted learning system for martial arts, which was characterized by free viewing angles. With the new system, learners could rotate the viewing angle of an image freely in a three-dimensional space, zoom in or zoom out the image, and adjust its playback speed. The experimental participants were divided into two groups, i.e., the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). The same coach instructed the EG through the 3D mobile-assisted learning system with AR capability while the CG was taught through a 2D video-based learning system on common mobile devices. Finally, a one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the differences in learning performance between the two groups. Also, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted to understand whether the 3D free viewing angle of AR was helpful to cognitive learning of motor skills, learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and conditions of technology acceptance. It is expected that the findings herein will contribute to mobile-assisted learning and martial arts teaching in the future.
Engaging Students to Learn Physics and Mathematics through Short High Quality M-Learning Resources
Authors: Neri Luis , Noguez Julieta , Whitney Jessica Morales , Aguilar-Sanchez Gerardo
Published: August 2016

A methodology to design short high quality M-Learning resources aimed to engage students to learn Physics and Mathematics is proposed. Key characteristics to generate motivating mobile resources are identified and applied to produce educational video-capsules. Audiovisual design elements based on cognitive theory of multimedia learning are incorporated. Short videos covering central topics of Mathematics and Physics undergraduate courses that can be displayed on mobile devices are designed. A study case with first-year engineering students using the mobile resources is performed in order to assess student engagement. The results indicate that most students show a positive perception on the educational videos. A parallel study in order to evaluate the impact of the mobile educational videos on student learning is also presented. From this analysis it is suggested to incorporate the use of mobile resources as part of active learning methodologies. Some recommendations for designing mobile resources are presented, and suggestions for implementation of the resources are also provided.
Examining Social Presence Influence on Students' Satisfaction with Online Learning Environments
Authors: Dajani Fadi Khalil
Published: August 2016

Online education has become an essential element of higher education and continues to grow with a potential to facilitate learning. Evidence indicates that many students become frustrated after their initial online experience and fail to pursue additional online courses. Little is known about the reasons why this phenomenon exists. The purpose of this chapter is to examine students' satisfaction with online learning environments guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) conceptual framework and to determine students' perceptions of social presence in the online environment. The selection of the student population from this program are due to the need to improve on the U-rate. The U-rate is the unsatisfactory rate of a course due to few factors. Such factors are low Course Level Assessment (CLA), course difficulty, content presented in the course is not clear, or students struggling with course outcomes.
I Have a Story to Tell You
Authors: Celebi Serra Inci
Published: August 2016

The current study was conducted to learn the factors affecting students' satisfaction in distance learning (DL) and to understand students' perceptions of the barriers to their studies. The study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative part, survey was used, and in the qualitative part, case study was used. The research covers the academic year of 2012-13. The results reveals students' perspectives, expectations, experiences, and satisfaction about the newly established distance learning program and based on these give important notes and suggest to redesign and rethink teaching methodologies in distance education especially in high uncertainty avoidance cultures like Turkey.
University Teachers' Interactions with Their Online Students at an Australian University
Authors: Mamun Shamsul Arifeen Khan , Danaher P. A. , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur
Published: August 2016

This chapter focuses on teacher-student interactions in the context of the use of digital technologies for online teaching and learning in an Australian university using thematic analysis and focus group discussion data. Cotemporary scholars agree that the factors influencing teacher–student interactions in online environments are diverse and multiple and are framed by a complex set of historically grounded and socially mediated forces. One potentially fruitful way to interrogate these factors and forces is to draw on aspects of affordance theory, by examining the kinds of relationships that are (and are not) afforded by particular digital technologies in those online environments. More broadly, affordance theory emerges as a useful conceptual lens for understanding the influences on and the impacts of teacher–student interactions using digital technologies in online environments. Those influences and impacts in turn are crucial to (re-)visioning digital futures in the context of students' learning outcomes in tertiary education, and to advancing critical thinking in higher education.
Understanding Strategies of Teacher-Student Interaction
Authors: Kille Tarryn L.
Published: August 2016

In this chapter, we discuss the application of teaching strategies as a vehicle for investigating teacher immediacy in the online environment. Through the presentation of a descriptive case study, the chapter explores the theoretical perspective of strategies that intend to reduce psychological distance in the online environment. Specifically, the issue of effective interaction is investigated, including: (1) the application of formative feedback practices; (2) the application of student self-assessment to encourage deeper learning; and (3) the integration of rubric use in assessment activities. The chapter concludes, recommending that practical application of teaching strategies such as: (1) using rubrics; and (2) encouraging student self-assessment, has the effect of enhancing teacher interaction and improving both the student experience and the student learning outcomes in an online environment. The chapter aims to contribute to the literature associated with online university education by validating best practices which assists in developing more effective online courses.
A Method Based on Self-Study Log Information for Improving Effectiveness of Classroom Component in Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Umezawa Katsuyuki , Ishida Takashi , Aramoto Michitaka , Kobayashi Manabu , Nakazawa Makoto , Hirasawa Shigeichi
Published: August 2016

The flipped classroom approach has recently begun to attract attention. In a flipped classroom, the conventional roles of classroom and homework are reversed: students study on their own using digital teaching materials or e-learning prior to class and then apply their learning in classroom activities. The authors have developed a method for improving the effectiveness of the classroom component: the students in a class are grouped on the basis of the time they spent studying (as recorded in their self-study logs) and their degree of understanding (as revealed by a self-study achievement test), and a different learning model is used for each group to improve their degree of understanding. Although they were unable to find a meaningful statistical difference in the test scores obtained in an experiment using one class of 34 students, there was a notable difference in the way questions were answered. The results of a free-description questionnaire indicate that the group learning encourages active learning.
The Effects of Mobile Collaborative Activities in a Second Language Course
Authors: Ilic Peter
Published: August 2016

This research is designed to explore the areas of collaborative learning and the use of smartphones as a support for collaborative learning through a year-long exploratory multiple case study approach integrating both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative exploratory interviews are combined with Multidimensional Scaling Analysis to provide a detailed image of students' mobile use during collaborative activities. The Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) reliability is supported by a second resampling that produced similar results independent of time of subjects. The results are triangulated across the qualitative and quantitative data and key issues are interpreted and discussed. The results indicate that the introduction of mobile access collaborative homework to a second language English class in Japan does have observable effects on students, including changes in use of space, time and method for mobile collaborative homework.
Is Flipped Classroom a Tendency or a Fad?
Authors: Plaisent Michel , Dayagbil Filomena , Pogoy Angeline M. , Bernard Prosper
Published: August 2016

This chapter presents an overview of the challenges facing teachers and education students with regard to the growing interest in the flipped classroom, and the results of an exploratory study, conducted in the Philippines, about the intention to adopt this pedagogy by students training to be teachers. After a brief definition and a description of this pedagogical approach, a review of recent research explores the relevance and effectiveness of this method. The chapter questions if it is to be a fad or a revolution and presents the pro and cons of its implementation. A survey has been conducted with 153 fourth year education students of to determine their knowledge of this pedagogical approach, portraying their perception of the flipped classroom and associated concepts as well as their future behavior intention.
Scaffolding Digital Writing and Storytelling in Online-Only Teacher Education Courses
Authors: Semingson Peggy , Hurlbut Amanda , Owens Dana , Robertson Marla
Published: August 2016

Higher education is seeing increasing trends towards online education (Allen & Seaman, 2010). This chapter provides a framework for the inclusion of digital writing with online teacher education courses. As writing instruction and writing pedagogy moves from print-based literacy practices towards multimodal and paperless/digital writing practices (Mills, 2010), teacher educators must stay current and informed about methods that are best suited towards digital writing pedagogies. We provide four practical examples that showcase ways to support online learners with digital writing; these examples are shared through brief vignettes from four university faculty within a large teacher education program where online learning predominates. Specific support tools such as clear instructions, rubrics, procedural checklists, descriptions of digital writing assignments, and connections to theory and scholarship provide a starting place for those interested in including digital writing within teacher education courses, particularly online teacher education courses.
Teachers' and Students' Role in the Learner-Centered Classrooms
Authors: Amushigamo Angelina Popyeni
Published: August 2016

Prior to Namibia's independence in 1990, the role of the teacher in an educational environment has been defined as the transmission of information to students, and the teacher was regarded as the all-knowing person in the classroom, who slavishly followed the textbook in transmitting the subject matter to the students. In some cases, the teacher did not understand the subject matter that he/she transmitted to students. Therefore, there was no explanation of what was being taught. Students had to sit passively and listen to the teacher; learn by memorization (rote learning), and recall the transmitted information. This study explored perceptions of the role of teachers and students in learner-centered classrooms in a primary school in Namibia. Learner-centered teachers create learning environments that promote students' active engagement with learning and develop critical thinking skills.
Analyzing Prospective Mathematics Teachers' Development of Teaching Practices in Mathematics
Authors: Incikabi Lutfi , Kacar Ahmet
Published: August 2016

This study analyzed the changes in mathematics teacher candidates' teaching processes in terms of content of lesson plan, pedagogy aspects, and classroom management based on the evaluations of the experts, peers, and their own. The results indicated that experts, peer, and self-evaluation of the teaching processes signaled positive changes in teacher candidates' pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics after the lesson study process. Further, the study also demonstrates that teacher candidates acknowledged lesson study as a tool for providing slight improvement in teaching practices while experts and peers provided evidence for impressive improvements in teaching experiences.
Learner-Centered Pedagogy in Technology Integrated Classrooms
Authors: Ntuli Esther , Nyarambi Arnold
Published: August 2016

Research evidence exists to support the implementation of learner-centered approaches in technological usage and in teaching methodologies. This chapter uses qualitative observation data on implementation of learner-centered approaches in technology integrated classrooms collected by two participant observers. Findings indicate that the problems that some instructional technology researchers in the past decade have found still persist despite the extensive technology professional development designed to enhance the use of technology in a learner-centered approach. The TPACK framework which is used as a guide to effective technology integration has not been fully utilized by many who offer professional development or those who design technology courses at teacher preparation programs. Two major problems noted in observation notes are: 1) those who provide professional development do not begin with the background of the TPACK framework; 2) the TPACK framework is usually discussed in isolation of other frameworks such as the UDL framework.
Experiential Learning in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Morreale Cathleen , Fronczak Nicholas
Published: August 2016

This chapter focuses on the theories of experiential learning as applied to undergraduate education in the context of personal and career development of students through a learner-centered online internship program model. The chapter explores the need for experience and problem-based applied learning strategies that are transferrable to the world of work with value to students in arenas of their lives extending into their educational, professional and personal spheres. The chapter explores essential building blocks and best practices for faculty as teachers and mentors to implement in the online internship program experience to capitalize on traditional experiential learning practices. Furthermore, valuable assessment techniques, useful to experiential learning strategies to measure growth in student learning from application of experiential learning are included. The chapter concludes with challenges associated with deviating from traditional instructional teaching modes.
Learner-Centered Pedagogies
Authors: Kanga Anne W.
Published: August 2016

This chapter is a critical review of conventional and not so conventional Student-Centered Learning (SCL) pedagogies. Additionally, in the African context, educational institutions have been caught up in a theoretical approach to teaching and learning, characterized by a desire to pass examinations. Consequently, this approach leads to surface learning as opposed to deep learning. Hence, teaching and learning outcomes lack quality and definitely fails to meet and promote skills required by the fast changing modern and postmodern global world. To address this need, this chapter examines the following: Overview of SCL pedagogies; Conventional and not so Conventional SCL pedagogies; Implications for SCL pedagogies to learners, instructors, curriculum, and assessment. Finally, this chapter examines the misconceptions and advantages of adopting SCL in the light of learners and instructors.
Identifying Criteria for Continuous Evaluation of Software Engineers for Reward and Recognition
Authors: Sreejith S. S.  , Mathirajan Muthu
Published: August 2016

Reward and Recognition (R&R) should be given to employees in a timely manner, based on continuous evaluation of their performance. Success of an R&R process lies in clear and well defined criteria for continuous evaluation of employee performance. Often such criteria are decided by the organization with no input from the employees. The purpose of this paper is to use qualitative research methods to explore and identify the criteria to be used for continuous employee performance evaluation for R&R in Information Technology organizations, from the perspectives of software engineers (SEs) and project managers (PMs). Exploratory research was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, unstructured interviews are used to elicit information from 7 SEs. Caselets are prepared based on these interviews and 19 criteria are identified. In Phase II, the criteria identified in Phase I are confirmed using content analysis of semi-structured interviews, conducted on relatively larger group of SEs (in stage 1) and PMs (in stage 2). Additionally, 12 criteria are also identified in Phase II. Collectively 31 criteria are identified. The proposed criteria set is expected to comprehensively cover the SE performance on a continuous basis in various dimensions to award R&R.
Realizing the Value of EHR Systems Critical Success Factors
Authors: Regan Elizabeth A. , Wang Jumee
Published: August 2016

Now that a majority of hospitals and primary care physicians have made the transition to electronic health record (EHR) systems, realizing value from this investment has become a major issue. The issue raises two key questions: Why do so many EHR implementations continue to fall short of achieving intended healthcare outcome goals? What differentiates those that succeed from those that fall short? This article builds on prior research using a systems framework to analyze the EHR implementation process. It focuses on ten common themes (CSFs) that appear to differentiate institutions which achieve positive healthcare outcomes from those that do not. Results are highly relevant for healthcare institutions now seeking to focus on realizing the value of their EHR systems.
Green Technologies Enabling Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: McWhorter Rochell R. , Delello Julie A.
Published: August 2016

The ubiquity of the Internet has created options for educators and business professionals to expand learning opportunities through virtual learning environments (VLEs). This article discusses how green technology trends and practices such as Cloud computing, 3D printing, big data, digital badges, The Internet of Things, and real-time group meetings support green initiatives by reducing time and costs, while increasing energy efficiency. Furthermore, the impact of these emerging technologies have on the environment in regards to energy, renewable resources, recycling, and e-wastes are discussed. As technology has quickly evolved into more sophisticated forms, it has opened the options for educators and business professionals to expand learning opportunities into virtual learning spaces referred to as VLEs in this article. Major technology trends discussed that are disrupting the status quo are Cloud Computing, 3D printing, Big Data, Digital Badges, the Internet of Things, and the management of manufacturing and recycling of device e-waste. Implications and Future Research Directions are given.
Health Information Technology and Quality Management
Authors: Ruffin T. Ray
Published: August 2016

Even in healthcare and health information technology change will not vanish or disperse. Technology, civilization, and creative thought will drive this force increasingly forward. Health care managers will continue being judged on their ability to efficiently and effectively manage (Patton & James, 2000). The arena of Health Services Research (HSR) is trusted on by judgment deciders and the public is the principal basis of data on how thriving health systems are meeting this task (Steinwachs & Hughes, 2008). The goal of HSR is to deliver material that will ultimately lead to advances in the health of the community. HSR evaluation of quality of care has demonstrated it is an unspecified science and multifaceted, even though its description is comparatively simple (Steinwachs & Hughes, 2008). This article is to investigate the background, controversies, and problems surrounding Health Information Technology (HIT) Change and Quality Management including an overview of current changes and benefits of implementation. This will be coupled with solutions and recommendations, further research, and conclusion. This will enhance the field of research in leadership, change management, quality management, and health care.
Enhancing Student's Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) through the Socratic Method Approach with Technology
Authors: Suhadi Salihuddin Md , Mohamed Hasnah , Abdullah Zaleha , Zaid Norasykin Mohd , Aris Baharuddin , Sanmugam Mageswaran
Published: August 2016

Technologies have a potential to make learning more dynamic and capable of going conventional learning limits. With the utilization of online technologies for example, students can interact with teachers and other students, regardless of time and distance. The learning process can likewise happen in synchronize or asynchronies. Meaningful interaction is required in the Socratic method of learning because this is the concept of learning through question after question to build knowledge. The dialog collaboration, inquiries are either verbal or non-verbal. So this is where online innovation comes into the picture and allows students to always dialogue with certain individuals to construct new knowledge. Next, by using the Socratic method of learning, the high level of thinking can be increased which is emphasized in the field of education in Malaysia nowadays. This paper will discuss previous studies about the potential of technology in Socratic Methods to improve student's level of thinking.
Approaches of TRIZ Application in Malaysian Academic and Industry
Authors: Rahim Zulhasni bin Abdul , Abu Bakar Nooh bin
Published: August 2016

This paper explores the approaches between academic and industry in adopting TRIZ into their respective organization. The study used PRICE2 project management perspective as a baseline to analyze how TRIZ is adopted as project throughout starting-up phase, initiation phase, managing phase and closing phase. A survey is deployed to 153 practitioners from various organization and 45 valid responses were received through email. The results showed that the majority agree that formal planning, tangible measures, expert support, organization formal support, knowledge sharing is among of important elements in adopting TRIZ as project management requirement. The findings showed that common approach is important to synergies innovation improvement for academic and industry in adopting TRIZ method. The limitation of the study is the type of analysis used that leads to a recommendation to adopt new approach or complex data analysis. This may add more value in exploring the adoption of TRIZ in academic and industry, or additional scope of different type organization.
A Fuzzy TOPSIS+Worst-Case Model for Personnel Evaluation Using Information Culture Criteria
Authors: Alguliyev Rasim M. , Aliguliyev Ramiz M. , Mahmudova Rasmiyya S.
Published: August 2016

Personnel evaluation process is aimed at choosing the best alternative to fill the defined vacancy in an organization. It determines the input quality of personnel and thus plays an important role in human resource management. The multi criteria nature and the presence of qualitative factors make it considerably more complex. This paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy MCDM model for personnel evaluation. It combines the fuzzy TOPSIS method with fuzzy worst-case (or entropy) method for linguistic reasoning under group decision making. Fuzzy worst-case and entropy methods are used to get weights of criteria, while fuzzy TOPSIS is utilized to rank the alternatives. The weights obtained from fuzzy worst-case and entropy methods are included in fuzzy TOPSIS computations and the alternatives are evaluated. The fuzzy MCDM for group decision making enables to aggregate subjective assessments of the decision-makers and thus offer an opportunity to perform more robust personnel evaluation procedures. To evaluate the alternatives the authors have formed an executive group consisting of five decision-makers. For evaluation the group has decided to consider five information culture criteria expressed in linguistic variables. A numerical example demonstrated the possibilities of application of the proposed method.
Employee Portals based on Knowledge Management in Public Education
Authors: Feijoo Héctor Marcos Pérez , Ordaz Mercedes García , López Francisco J Martínez
Published: August 2016

The e-government development in Spain still lacks in the employee perspective. This background is clearly visible in the educative public sector where the authors can found several online services to employees but can't find a complete employee portal. The implementation of such systems is an opportunity to embed knowledge management, as it's the core process in education, but it would imply a deep organizational change. Thus, it is crucial to determine the barriers that could potentially prevent their implementation. The study aims to establish the barriers that influence the intention of use of those employee portals. The researchers used structural equation modeling to conduct an empirical study based on a hybrid TAM-TPB model. The results have found evidence on the majority of the proposed hypothesis. The authors conclude the study with a set of recommendations for the developers that could help in avoiding the effects of such barriers.
Social Media Content Analysis in the Higher Education Sector
Authors: Oliveira Luciana , Figueira Álvaro
Published: August 2016

Social media has become one of the most prolific fields for interchange of multidisciplinary expertise. In this paper, computer science, communication and management are brought together for the development of a sound strategic content analysis, in the Higher Education Sector. The authors present a study comprised of two stages: analysis of SM content and corresponding audience engagement according to a weighted scale, and a classification of content strategies, which builds on different noticeable articulations of editorial areas among organizations. Their approach is based on an automatic classification of content according to a pre-defined editorial model. The proposed methodology and research results offer academic and practical findings for organizations striving on social media.
Surgical resection of low-grade gliomas in eloquent areas with the guidance of the preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging and craniometric points
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed , Shitany Hisham El , Abbass Waleed , Safwat Amr , Elsamman Amr K , Refaee Ehab El
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Surgical resection of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in eloquent areas is one of the challenges in neurosurgery, using assistant tools to facilitate effective excision with minimal postoperative neurological deficits has been previously discussed (awake craniotomy and intraoperative cortical stimulation); however, these tools could have their own limitations thus implementation of a simple and effective technique that can guide to safe excision is needed in many situations. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data of 76 consecutive surgical cases of LGGs of these 21 cases were situated in eloquent areas. Preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), pre- and post-operative MRI with volumetric analysis of the tumor size was conducted, and intraoperative determination of the craniometric points related to the tumor (navigation guided in 10 cases) were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned tools in safe excision of the aforementioned tumors. Results: Total-near total excision in 14 (66.67%) subtotal in 6 (28.57%), and biopsy in 1 case (4.57%). In long-term follow–up, only one case experienced persistent dysphasia. Conclusion: In spite of its simplicity, the identification of the safe anatomical landmarks guided by the preoperative fMRI is a useful technique that serves in safe excision of LGGs in eloquent areas. Such technique can replace intraoperative evoked potentials or the awake craniotomy in most of the cases. However, navigation-guided excision might be crucial in deeply seated and large tumors to allow safe and radical excision.
Monitoring of noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Aggarwal Vivek , Hari Kumar K.
Published: August 2016

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major fraction of the global health burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is on the rise across the world. As more and more people are living with various NCD, primary and secondary prevention becomes an important tool to contain this impending epidemic. The spectrum of major NCD includes cardiovascular disorders (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and cancer, with CVD contributing to the majority of deaths attributed to NCD. Control of hypertension is important intervention which can significantly decrease the risk of CVD, which can be achieved by three-pronged approaches such as encompassing dietary, physical exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Monitoring is an integral part of this approach, wherein recording of blood pressure and various investigations are required to be done at variable intervals. DM is an important NCD where primary and secondary preventions are of paramount importance. Similarly, other NCDs such as COPD and cancer also require various monitoring protocols. In this article, we review the current concepts in monitoring and prevention of major NCDs along with the recommendations from the scientific societies.
A VEGETAÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL URBANO: INFLUÊNCIA DE EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NA COMUNIDADE VEGETAL
Authors: Souza Silvana Cristina Pereira Muniz de , Franco Geraldo Antonio Daher Côrrea , Ivanauskas Natália Macedo , Silva Athos Geraldo da
Published: August 2016

O crescimento urbano desordenado da região metropolitana de São Paulo resultou na supressão da maior parte da vegetação natural, restando apenas os remanescentes protegidos em Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral, entre eles o Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren – PEAL. Este estudo teve como objetivos detectar o estágio sucessional da vegetação secundária do PEAL e verificar a interferência de espécies exóticas no processo sucessional. Para isto, foi realizado um levantamento fitossociológico em um trecho contínuo de 4,8 ha, onde foram alocadas de modo aleatório 30 parcelas de 20 x 20 m e amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos e arbustivos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Foram registradas 121 espécies (35 exóticas), pertencentes a 102 gêneros e 44 famílias, sendo as nativas clasificadas como 23% pioneiras, 54% secundárias, 16% clímax de dossel e 7% clímax de subosque. A síndrome de dispersão predominante foi a zoocoria, com 60% das espécies amostradas. Onze espécies foram consideradas ameaçadas de extinção. A densidade total obtida foi de 1.400 ind.ha-1, o índice de Shannon (H’) foi de 3,38 e a equabilidade 0,70. Entre as doze espécies de maior valor de importância, metade foi exótica. Concluiu-se que o PEAL permanece na condição de estágio inicial de sucessão e apresenta alto grau de colonização por espécies invasoras, o que compromete o avanço sucessional da área. A fim de evitar o agravamento desse processo, com a propagação das espécies exóticas para o interior das florestas naturais da Serra da Cantareira, recomenda-se a adoção de um programa integrado, que contemple o controle das exóticas e o enriquecimento com espécies nativas regionais. Neste estudo, são feitas sugestões indicando as espécies exóticas que devem ter o manejo priorizado para viabilizar o retorno dos processos de sucessão ecológica.
VARIAÇÃO FENOTÍPICA PARA CARACTERES SILVICULTURAIS EM POPULAÇÕES DE Aspidosperma spp. SEM ESTRUTURA DE PROGÊNIES
Authors: Recco Camila Regina Silva Baleroni , Santos Wanderley dos , Cambuim José , Moraes Marcela Aparecida de , Silva Alexandre Marques da , Souza Danilla Cristina Lemos , Freitas Miguel Luiz Menezes , Moraes Mario Luiz Teixeira de
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos para os caracteres silviculturais em Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll.Arg. e Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Müll.Arg., para fins de conservação ex situ e uso em programas de recuperação ambiental. A coleta de sementes foi feita em árvores de polinização aberta no município de Andradina-SP e o teste experimental foi instalado na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa (FEPE/UNESP), em 1997, com as espécies consorciadas com Inga marginata Willd. (ingá feijão) em linhas alternadas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados completos com dois tratamentos (Aspidosperma spp.), 32 repetições com parcelas lineares e 4 plantas por parcela. Aos 15 anos de idade foram mensurados diâmetro à altura do peito – DAP, altura de total – ALT e sobrevivência – SOB e os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo programa Selegen. A espécie cylindrocarpon apresentou maior desenvolvimento nos caracteres de crescimento (DAP e ALT) quando comparada com A. polyneuron. A taxa de sobrevivência foi de 71% demostrando boa adaptabilidade para ambas as espécies ao local de implantação do experimento. A acurácia foi alta, sugerindo maior confiabilidade das análises estatísticas. A herdabilidade foi moderada, indicando considerável controle genético nas espécies quando se observa que o coeficiente de determinação dentro de parcela foi menor que 10% para ALT e DAP, mostrando que as parcelas lineares são homogêneas, ou seja, o delineamento experimental adotado foi eficiente. Portanto, a ausência do uso de estrutura de progênies nas populações de Aspidosperma spp. estudadas não impossibilitou que fossem obtidas informações relevantes sobre as populações naturais de Aspidosperma, porém vale ressaltar que é de suma importância que novas coletas de sementes sejam realizadas para um estudo com base em teste de progênies.
WOOD AXIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 32-YEAR-OLD Croton piptocalyx Müll. Arg. EUPHORBIACEAE
Authors: Assad Amanda Aparecida Vianna , Longui Eduardo Luiz , Florsheim Sandra Monteiro Borges , Lima Israel Luiz de , Freitas Miguel Luiz Menezes , Zanatto Antonio Carlos Scatena , Zanata Marcelo
Published: August 2016

This paper aims to characterize the wood anatomy of Croton piptocalyx. To carry out an investigation of axial variation, discussing it in a functional context, helping to increase knowledge about the species. Five randomly selected 32-year-old trees were felled at the Luiz Antonio Experimental Station, located in Luiz Antonio City, São Paulo state, Brazil. From stems, discs were cut from six different stem heights (stem base, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, and 5 m). For each disc, samples close to the bark were removed for wood anatomy studies and specific gravity calculation. Wood anatomy of C. piptocalyx generally agrees with that of other species of the genus as described in the literature. However, variation in both quantitative and qualitative data could be related to tree age and species differences. Axial variations found in vessel element length, vessel diameter and ray height can be respectively related to the hypothesized Typical Radial Pattern based on the occurrence of shorter and narrower cells in younger parts of the wood, involving vessel element length and diameter, and mechanical requirement in the case of higher rays at the trunk base.
Effectiveness of a Sensory-Enriched Early Intervention Group Program for Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Blanche Erna Imperatore , Chang Megan C. , Gutiérrez Juliana , Gunter Janet S.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE. The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Interdisciplinary Sensory-Enriched Early Intervention (ISEEI) group program for children with developmental delays.

METHOD. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 63 children ages 18–36 mo who participated in ISEEI. We evaluated participants with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley–III) and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP) at enrollment and after 3–9 mo. We conducted a paired t test to examine changes in the Bayley–III between pre- and posttests.

RESULTS. At enrollment, 70% of children presented atypical scores in two or more areas of sensory processing in the ITSP. Results revealed that children with sensory processing difficulties demonstrated significant improvement in all areas of development except fine motor skills; children without sensory processing difficulties showed significant improvement in language and cognition.

CONCLUSION. The ISEEI group program is an effective method to ameliorate developmental delays.
Hosed vs. unhosed: interruptions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a global coupled model, with and without freshwater forcing
Authors: Brown Nicolas , Galbraith Eric D.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. It is well known that glacial periods were punctuated by abrupt climate changes, with large impacts on air temperature, precipitation, and ocean circulation across the globe. However, the long-held idea that freshwater forcing, caused by massive iceberg discharges, was the driving force behind these changes has been questioned in recent years. This throws into doubt the abundant literature on modelling abrupt climate change through “hosing” experiments, whereby the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is interrupted by an injection of freshwater to the North Atlantic: if some, or all, abrupt climate change was not driven by freshwater input, could its character have been very different than the typical hosed experiments? Here, we describe spontaneous, unhosed oscillations in AMOC strength that occur in a global coupled ocean–atmosphere model when integrated under a particular background climate state. We compare these unhosed oscillations to hosed oscillations under a range of background climate states in order to examine how the global imprint of AMOC variations depends on whether or not they result from external freshwater input. Our comparison includes surface air temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the intermediate-depth ocean, and marine export production. The results show that the background climate state has a significant impact on the character of the freshwater-forced AMOC interruptions in this model, with particularly marked variations in tropical precipitation and in the North Pacific circulation. Despite these differences, the first-order patterns of response to AMOC interruptions are quite consistent among all simulations, implying that the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere dynamics associated with an AMOC weakening dominate the global response, regardless of whether or not freshwater input is the cause. Nonetheless, freshwater addition leads to a more complete shutdown of the AMOC than occurs in the unhosed oscillations, with amplified global impacts, evocative of Heinrich stadials. In addition, freshwater inputs can directly impact the strength of other polar haloclines, particularly that of the Southern Ocean, to which freshwater can be transported relatively quickly after injection in the North Atlantic.
Geomatic methods applied to the study of the front position changes of
Johnsons and Hurd Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 1957 and
2013
Authors: Rodríguez Cielos Ricardo , Aguirre de Mata Julián , Díez Galilea Andrés , Álvarez Alonso Marina , Rodríguez Cielos Pedro , Navarro Valero Francisco
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Various geomatic measurement techniques can be efficiently combined for surveying glacier fronts. Aerial photographs and satellite images can be used to determine the position of the glacier terminus. If the glacier front is easily accessible, the classic surveys using theodolite or total station, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) techniques, laser-scanner or close-range photogrammetry are possible. When the accessibility to the glacier front is difficult or impossible, close-range photogrammetry proves to be useful, inexpensive and fast. In this paper, a methodology combining photogrammetric methods and other techniques is applied to determine the calving front position of Johnsons Glacier. Images taken in 2013 with an inexpensive nonmetric digital camera are georeferenced to a global coordinate system by measuring, using GNSS techniques, support points in accessible areas close to the glacier front, from which control points in inaccessible points on the glacier surface near its calving front are determined with theodolite using the direct intersection method. The front position changes of Johnsons Glacier during the period 1957–2013, as well as those of the land-terminating fronts of Argentina, Las Palmas and Sally Rocks lobes of Hurd glacier, are determined from different geomatic techniques such as surface-based GNSS measurements, aerial photogrammetry and satellite optical imagery. This provides a set of frontal positions useful, e.g., for glacier dynamics modeling and mass balance studies.Link to the data repository: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.845379.