bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Falsification of Historical Figures (The Armenian Population in Turkey before and after the Genocide)
Authors: Muradian Gaiane
Published: November 2020

The argument and objective of the present case study is to prove, through the scientific method of analysis, that the online news medium Azerbaijani Vision (en.azvision.az), applying history falsification (negationism and revisionism) referring to the 1915 Armenian Genocide in general, and to the historic figures on the number of Ottoman Armenian population before and after the Genocide in particular, leverages technology to produce and disseminate false and fabricated figures about the mentioned data of Armenian population within the frames of its anti-Armenian propaganda. My assumption will be that the false model of history serves its function for a certain while because societies eventually enter a period when distorted representations stop serving the intended ends and impartial and unbiased research starts seeking the truth.
Dijital Okuryazarlık İnternet Girişimciliği Niyeti İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÇAĞLIYAN Vural , DOĞANALP Burcu
Published: November 2020

Girişimcilik bir ülkenin ekonomik kalkınmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Potansiyel girişimciler olarak kabul edilen üniversite öğrencilerinin ilerideki kariyerlerinde girişimci olma davranışlarının öncülü olan girişimcilik niyetlerini değerlendirmek bu bağlamda önemli görülmektedir. Özellikle şu an öğrenimine devam eden üniversite öğrencilerinin Y, M ve Z kuşaklarının bireylerinin teknoloji ile birlikte anılması internet girişimciliği kavramının bu kuşak bireylerinden bağımsız düşünülemeyeceğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. İnternet girişimciliğinde ise dijital okuryazarlık önemli ve gerekli bir yetkinlik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin dijital okuryazarlıklarının internet girişimciliği niyetleri üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan alan araştırması sonucunda dijital okuryazarlığın öğrencilerin internet üzerinden girişimcilik niyetleri üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir.
Fundamental Anomalies and Firms Financial Distress; Evidence from Nairobi Securities
Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Roche Charles , Olweny Tobias , Nasieku Tabitha
Published: November 2020

Stock market broadly referred to as security exchange has gained so much interests
from various stakeholders around the world as they endow exceedingly to the
growth of the world economy. Nairobi Securities Exchange, being an emerging
stock market, this study therefore considered dividend yield anomaly, measured by
dividend per share and price to earnings anomaly operationalized through earnings
per share as the types of the fundamental anomalies. When there is fundamental
anomaly, firms tend to exhibit unhealthy financial position which is financial
distress, measured by Z-Score. The main objective of this study is to examine the
relationship between fundamental anomalies and firms’ financial distress; evidence
from Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. This study adopts descriptive research
design and embraced secondary data from 2007 to 2017 from a target population of
67 listed firms. It was found that there existed a relationship between fundamental
anomalies and firms’ financial distress. The study recommends that the
management should put in place the right dividend policies, declaration or nondeclaration of dividends in the treatment of dividends. For policy makers and
regulators, the recommendations will assist in restoring law and order and this will
enable all the stakeholders to have confidence in Nairobi Securities Exchange.
Keywords: Securities Exchange, Financial Distress, Fundamental Anomalies.
Prevention Models of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Beauty Salon Employees of Kendari City
Authors: Saeni Nurhidayah Mosa , Naiem Furqan , Paluturi Sukri , Thamrin Yahya , Russeng Syamsiar S. , Amiruddin Ridwan
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of modifying factors, perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers and encouragement to prevent occupational contact dermatitis on beauty salon employees in Kendari City. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study approach using an explanative survey research design with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS program and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between modifying factors on perceptions of seriousness and barriers, on perceptions of vulnerability, there is a significant influence between perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, barriers, encouragement on the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/131
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Usool-ud-Din, Arifi Muhammad Ismail , Akhter Muhammad Shamim
Published: November 2020

Endurane 0f Muslims and Islam lies in the Quran till Muslim will remain associated with tha teachings of Quran they will remain honourable in the world that is the reason why righteous seholars use to make Muslims attentive towards the teaching of Islam in every era. Because the Quran holds complete guidelines of every era. That’s why according to priority of the era, Scholars of that era wrote interpretation of Quran accordingly.In reent past molana Abdul Majid Daryabadi wrote interpretation of Quran according to priorties of moderan era. In this interpretation objection of reent philosophy have been satisfaetorily answered along with fiqh and Islamic Mystieism.An important feature of this interpretation is Belletristie approach which makes it different from other interpretation. These are the eauses for whieh I seleeted this interpretation for my thesis.
Fiber Morphological Properties of Three Promising Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) Cultivars
Authors:   National Abaca Research Center, Visayas State University, Philippines, Moreno Luz
Published: November 2020

The fiber morphological properties of three promising abaca (Musa textilis Nee) cultivars found in the abaca germplasm collection of the National Abaca Research Center were investigated to assess their suitability for pulp and paper production. It was found that Inosa produced the longest fibers (4.58mm) followed by Laylay (3.43mm), while Gomez hybrid had the shortest (2.45mm). The three cultivars did not vary in fiber cell diameter, lumen width and cell wall thickness. Tensile strength of Inosa was highest at 84.68 cN/tex compared to Laylay (69.27 cN/tex) while Gomez hybrid had the lowest at 25.65 cN/tex). The very high tensile strength of Inosa as well as its high slenderness and runkel ratios make it very suitable for the production of high quality pulp and paper. Slenderness and runkel ratios of the Gomez hybrid were the lowest while its flexibility ratio was the highest indicating poop fiber quality. Such properties, however, still make its fibers acceptable for low-grade pulp and paper products such as newsprint paper production.
HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL MODELING OF KHOR OMAR OMDURMAN - SUDAN BY USING GIS
Authors: AHMMAD Omar Abd Almajd Sayd , ALİMAM AİL Alimam omar , SALEM Hussein Salem Hussein , ALI Muzamil Elrais Ahmed
Published: November 2020

e study addressed the hydro geomorphological modeling of koher Omar Oum Dorman Area by analyzing many digital data, including satellite Image, and Digital Elevation Model, soil and meteorological data, by using ARC.GIS -WMS - Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System, (HEC-HMS). in order to analyzing geomorphological characteristics and hydro geomorphological, estimation of the amount of runoff and determination of affected areas through Hydro morphometric measurements, determination of soil varieties and land cover to extract Curve number (CN) the study found that the annual surface runoff volume is 21830.5M3 – 33938.1M3 areas affected by runoff are located to the east and south-east of the basin of koher Omar, and the study Reflced Meany recommendetoin, the most important of which is the utilization of water in development processes and the application of Geographical information system in hydro geomorphological studies. Key words: : GIS – RS - Rain off - WMS.
PRICE DEMAND MODEL FOR A CLOUD CACHE
Authors: GOUSE SHAIK MOHAMMED , BABU G. PRAKASH
Published: November 2020

Cloud applications that offer data management services are emerging. Such clouds support caching of data in order to provide quality query services. The users can query the cloud data, paying the price for the infrastructure they use. Cloud management necessitates an economy that manages the service of multiple users in an efficient, but also, resource economic way that allows for cloud profit. Naturally, the maximization of cloud profit given some guarantees for user satisfaction presumes an appropriate price-demand model that enables optimal pricing of query services. The model should be plausible in that it reflects the correlation of cache structures involved in the queries. Optimal pricing is achieved based on a dynamic pricing scheme that adapts to time changes. This paper proposes a novel price-demand model designed for a cloud cache and a dynamic pricing scheme for queries executed in the cloud cache. The pricing solution employs a novel method that estimates the correlations of the cache services in an time-efficient manner. The experimental study shows the efficiency of the solution.
Retinal Image Analysis: A Review
Authors: Nirmala S. R. , Nath Malaya Kumar , Dandapat Samarendra
Published: November 2020

Images of the eye ground or retina not only provide an insight to important parts of the visual system but also reflect the general state of health of the entire human body. Automated retina image analysis is becoming an important screening tool for early detection of certain risks and diseases like diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, glaucoma etc. This can in turn be used to reduce human errors or to provide services to remote areas. In this review paper, we discuss some of the current techniques used to automatically detect the important clinical features of retinal image, such as the blood vessels, optic disc and macula. The quantitative analysis and measurements of these features can be used to better understand the relationship between various diseases and the retinal features.
Hybrid Signal Processing and Soft Computing approaches to Power System Frequency Estimation
Authors: Ray P. K. , Subudhi B. , Panda A. M.
Published: November 2020

Dynamic variation in power system frequency is required to be estimated for implementing the correcting measures. This paper presents power system frequency estimation by using RLS-Adaline and KF-Adaline algorithms. In the proposed hybrid approaches the weights of the Adaline are updated using RLS/KF algorithms. Frequency of power system signal is estimated from final updated weights of the Adaline. The performances of the proposed algorithms are studied through simulations for several critical cases that often arise in a power system. These studies show that the KF-Adaline algorithm is superior over the RLS-Adaline in estimating power system frequency. Studies made on experimental data also support the superiority.
Design and Implementation of Adaptive Recommendation System
Authors: zony MagedEla , Khalifa Ahmed , Nouh Sayed , Hussein Mohamed
Published: November 2020

E-learning offers advantages for E-learners by making access to learning objects at any time or place, very fast, just-in-time and relevance. However, with the rapid increase of learning objects and it is syntactically structured it will be time-consuming to find contents they really need to study.In this paper, we design and implementation of knowledge-based industrial reusable, interactive web-based training and use semantic web based e-learning to deliver learning contents to the learner in flexible, interactive, and adaptive way. The semantic and recommendation and personalized search of Learning objects is based on the comparison of the learner profile and learning objects to determine a more suitable relationship between learning objects and learner profiles. Therefore, it will advise the e-learner with most suitable learning objects using the semantic similarity.
A Tale of Gotong Royong (Mutual Assistance) and Household’s Participations for Communal Activities in Contemporary Indonesia 2012-2014
Authors: Rusyiana Aris , Heriyana Aan
Published: November 2020

This paper examines inequality of households’ participation in collective and joint activities Indonesia. And, this paper also investigates the role of people’s collective and joint activities, related to norms-related localism, in cross-provinces study in Indonesia nowadays and in which provinces, people’s collective activities and joint activities are relatively highest among all provinces. Data comes from the National Social Economics Survey 2012 and 2014 and Village Potential Census (Podes) in 2011 and 2014 which consists of household participations’ as collective activity and the information of how many villages mostly prone to natural disasters. Drawing Podes 2011 and Podes 2014, these preliminary finding indicates that Indonesia still has varied density of localism cross-provinces in this contemporary communication sciences issue and globalization era. The specific terms of localism promote collective activity which includes mutual assistance (gotong royong). Descriptive statistical records mutual assistance (Gotong Royong) increases in Indonesia in 2014 (90.93 %) among villages cross-provinces from (88.80%) villages that still held it in 2011. Likewise, results from SUSENAS’s descriptive statistics also shows that communal activities in helping people from natural disasters are varied among provinces, as well as in public interest, religious activities and social activities. In another case, results of Pearson Bivariate Correlation show that the natural disasters occurrence associate with the percentage of households which often and always participate in helping natural disaster victims. These preliminary findings indicate the improved phenomena of density of kindness in order to communicate empathy among people, especially during existence of natural disasters. Despites unsignificant intercorrelation between two variables (density of communal services and occurrence of natural disasters), these preliminary findings indicate strengths of the value of mutual aid/mutual assistance/gotong royong in the contemporary of Indonesia. Although the finding shows no significant association between post natural disasters and density of communal activities, these preliminary findings indicate that communal activities may associate with the kindness among people in order to show their mutual self-help in all conditions, not only when natural disasters strikes cross-Indonesian provinces.
Efficacy of the Combination of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in Elderly of Frail Relapsed/ Refractory Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, First Multi-Institutional Real World Experience from Turkey
Authors: AKTIMUR SUDE HATUN
Published: November 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually seen in the elderly. The quest for effective, tolerable and durable response for the treatment of elderly or frail patients with AML resulted venetoclax combination. The aim of this study was to present here the experience and data for the use of venetoclax in combination with azacitidine in elderly or frail and unfit patients with relapse/refractory AML treated outside of a clinical trial. We retrospectively analyzed 30 consecutive elderly (≥ 65 years old) or frail patients with relapse/refractory AML, who failed at least one prior therapy for AML and treated with venetoclax in combination with 5-azacitidine at five institutions in Turkey between December 2018 - Januarry 2020. The patients were taken venetoclax at dose of 400 mg daily, and 75 mg/m2/day azacitidine subcutaneously for 7 days per 28-day cycle. Complete remission (CR), incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), PR, overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were assessed. A total of 30 patients with a median age of 67 (range= 33-84) from 5 differ- ent centers were included in the final analysis. Overall response rate (ORR) was 63.3% (n= 19); 15 (50%) patients achieved CR or CRi and 4 (13.3%) patients achieved PR while 11 patients (37.7%) did not respond to therapy. Median 8 months follow-up, 6 months OS rate 66.7%, 1-year OS rate was 19.8% with a median OS was 7 months (95% CI: 7.8 -10.1). The mortality risk of patients under 60 is statistically significantly lower than those over 60 (p= 0.007, HR: 0.109 (95% CI: 0.022 - 0.55). Combination of venetoclax + HMA in patients with relapse refractory AML with poor performance score, it provided somewhat higher response rates and additionally, the responding patients benefited surival advantage when compared to non-responding patients. Keywords: AML, Elderly, Venetoclax, Azacitidine, Survival
Postmenopausal Alopecia due to Ovarian Hyperandrogenemia Treated with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy
Authors: Acharya Santanu , Chakravorty Srirupa , Rae David
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Increased ovarian production of androgens due to the stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) on theca cells can cause hyperandrogenism that may present with signs of alopecia in postmenopausal women.

Case description

A 65-year-old postmenopausal woman presented to the gynecology clinic with male-pattern baldness. Serum testosterone was high that was suppressed with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH agonist). This confirmed ovarian source of androgens. Laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy helped reduce androgen levels over a period of an year therefore reversing at least partially the hair loss.

Conclusion

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs can be useful to diagnose the source of increased androgen levels to be of ovarian origin. Once confirmed, laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy can reverse hair loss in these cases.

How to cite this article

Acharya S, Chakravorty S, Rae D. Postmenopausal Alopecia due to Ovarian Hyperandrogenemia Treated with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(3):182–183.
A Case Series of Fibroids with Atypical Clinical Presentation: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Singh Pooja , Gupta Manjari
Published: November 2020

Fibroids are the most common tumors of the female reproductive system. It is impossible to determine their true incidence, although frequently quoted incidence of as high as 50% has been found in certain longitudinal studies. Typical leiomyoma is a firm nodular well-circumscribed structure arising from the myometrium. Some of these fibroids may be asymptomatic while the usual symptoms associated are heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, abdominal discomfort, and pressure symptoms. Fibroids can be easily diagnosed by ultrasonography and MRI. However, some cases of fibroids may present as a diagnostic dilemma due to their bizarre presentation and unusual ultrasounds and MRI reports. Here we report three cases of fibroids with atypical clinical features that resulted in difficulty in making diagnosis.

How to cite this article: Gupta M, Singh P. A Case Series of Fibroids with Atypical Clinical Presentation: A Diagnostic Dilemma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(3):184–187.
Significance of Body Mass Index in the Classification of PCOS: A Comparative Study in Northeast India
Authors: Pillai Swapna S , Phukan Pranay K , Dihingia Prasanta
Published: November 2020

Aim

To compare the clinical and biochemical characteristics of obese and lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To confirm the significance of body mass index (BMI) in classifying PCOS.

Materials and methods

This was a comparative cross-sectional study done at Assam Medical College Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, in 1 year. Women who attended the hospital diagnosed to have PCOS based on Rotterdam's criteria were divided into lean and obese with BMI cut-off of 23. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics of both were compared. Body fat percentage was calculated using Harpenden skinfold calipers, and based on it, the lean group was found to have a normal weight, and obese subgroup with body fat percentage more than the cut-off.

Result

There was a significant difference in age, hirsutism score, and family history of diabetes and PCOS between the groups. The systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein (S.LDL) were statistically higher in the obese group. The normal weight obese group had features of the lean group, except for hyperandrogenism.

Conclusion

The lean and obese PCOS are two discrete groups. Obese patients have a more androgenic and atherogenic lipid profile, but both groups should be screened. Body mass index is the easily available method, but it has a chance of missing out on the normal weight obese PCOS.

Clinical significance

Follow-up is needed in both the groups, and the normal weight obese group behaves as the lean PCOS group; hence, BMI can be continued to be used as the differentiating factor.

How to cite this article

Pillai SS, Phukan PK, Dihingia P. Significance of Body Mass Index in the Classification of PCOS: A Comparative Study in Northeast India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(3):145–149.
Relative Incidence of Nasal Masses: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience
Authors: Singh Tanya , Singh Jaskaran , Bhardwaj Bhanu
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Nasal masses are an intriguing arena for a rhinologist. With diagnostic advancement from anterior rhinoscopy to three-dimensional endoscopic view at a blazing speed in rhinology, it has become easier to diagnose a nasal mass. Early detection is a key for better management. Incidence of an entity varies over time because of the ever-changing environmental scenario and availability of advanced diagnostics. Incidence of nasal masses is still of importance because the pathophysiology of the nasal masses is still under research. This study will bring into notice of a rhinologist the relative incidence of various nasal masses highlighting the areas of concern and hence bringing our focus to a better management.

Materials and methods

It is a prospective study with a sample size of 200. All the modern diagnostic facilities were used, including a computed tomography scan can and nasal endoscopy, to reach a presumptive diagnosis of various nasal masses, and histopathology was done to establish the final diagnosis.

Results

In the present study, 62% were males (124) while 38% were females (76). Majority of the patients were in age-group of 21–40 years (42.5%,n= 85), followed by 40% (n= 80) in the age-group 41–60 years, and 14.5% (n= 29) in 10–20-year age-group. Around 6 (3%) cases were in less than 10 years of age-group. Out of 200 cases, 160 cases were non-neoplastic masses. Out of 40 neoplastic masses, 24 were benign and 16 were malignant. The most common mass was nasal polyps (144 of 200).

Conclusion

Nasal polyps are still the most common nasal masses. Improvement in diagnostic modality mandates a more active research to understand their molecular biology for better management.

How to cite this article

Singh J, Bhardwaj B, Singh T. Relative Incidence of Nasal Masses: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2019;12(1):16–20.
Ecological niche overlap among species of the genus Zaluzania (Asteraceae) from the dry regions of Mexico
Authors: Suárez-Mota Mario Ernesto , Villaseñor José Luis
Published: November 2020

Background and aims – The hypothesis of ecological niche conservatism postulates that closely related species share ecologically similar environments; that is, they tend to maintain the characteristics of their fundamental niche over time. The objective of this study is to evaluate the similarity and equivalence of the ecological niches among species of the genus Zaluzania (Asteraceae), characteristic of the Mexican arid and semi-arid regions, to infer their potential niche conservatism. Methods – Based on critically reviewed herbarium occurrence data, potential distribution models for eight species of Zaluzania were generated using the Maxent algorithm. The overlap between potential distribution areas was then evaluated using equivalence and ecological niche parameters implemented in the ENMTools software; for this we quantified the degree of overlap and similarity between the niches using the equivalence (D) and similarity (I) parameters.Key results – The resulting models show that species display areas of high suitability along the Mexican dry regions, as well as overlapping heterogeneous values. All models showed high AUC (Area Under the Curve) values (> 0.8). The D and I values between each pair of species showed low values of overlap.Conclusions – Each species of the genus shows a fundamental niche distinct from their sister species. The genus thus offers an example of niche divergence among species, with each one adapting to different environmental pressures. Our results do not support the hypothesis of niche conservatism in the genus, suggesting that the species evolved in divergent environments.
Conservation of genetic diversity in Mediterranean endemic species: Arenaria balearica (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Bobo-Pinilla Javier , López-González Noemí , Peñas Julio
Published: November 2020

Background – Biodiversity loss is a problem that needs to be urgently addressed, particularly with the uncertainties of climate change. Current conservation policies principally focus on endangered species but they often give little consideration to the evolutionary processes, genetic diversity, or the rarity of non-endangered species. Endemic species occurring in rocky habitats that are undergoing exceptional habitat loss appear to be one of the most important candidates for conservation. The aim is to establish in situ and ex situ conservation recommendations for the Mediterranean endemic species Arenaria balearica.Material and methods – Arenaria balearica is a species endemic to the Mediterranean with a disjunct distribution range throughout Majorca, Corsica, Sardinia, and other small Tyrrhenian islands. A combination of molecular techniques (AFLPs and plastid DNA) was employed to determine genetic diversity and rarity across populations and to calculate the Relevant Genetic Units for Conservation (RGUCs). Moreover, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were developed to assess the potential current distribution and the expected situation under future climatic scenarios.Key results – To preserve the genetic diversity and rarity of the species, in situ conservation is proposed for six populations as RGUCs. Moreover, as the RGUCs can only account for a part of the phylogeographic signal, ex situ conservation is also suggested for some additional populations. According to the results, the habitat suitability in the 2050 scenario is limited and suitable areas for A. balearica could have disappeared by 2070. Therefore, the persistence of the species could be in danger in a short period of time and conservation planning becomes necessary.
Cordia subcordata (Boraginaceae), a distylous species on oceanic coral islands, is self-compatible and pollinated by a passerine bird
Authors: Wang Xiangping , Wen Meihong , Wu Mingsong , Zhang Dianxiang
Published: November 2020

Background and aims – Distyly is usually rare on oceanic islands, which is probably due to the difficulty for distylous plants to colonize those islands. However, Cordia subcordata was observed to be distylous with short- and long-styled morphs on the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. To characterize the reproduction system of Cordia subcordata and to understand how this distylous species maintains itself on these islands, we studied its reproductive and pollination biology.Methods – Seed set and pollen tube growth under manipulated intermorph, intramorph, and self-pollination were examined to investigate self-incompatibility in the species. The number of pollen grains deposited on the stigmas after a single pollinator visit were counted to investigate the pollination efficiency of different visitors. Key results – Our study indicated that Cordia subcordata shows reciprocal herkogamy as is typical in distylous species. Pollen tubes could reach the base of the style and move into the ovules under all the manipulated pollination treatments in both morphs. Seed set resulting from four hand-pollination experiments did not show any differences between both morphs, suggesting that Cordia subcordata lacks heterostylous self-incompatibility. The most frequent flower visitors, Zosterops japonicus and Apis cerana, were observed foraging on the large volumes of nectar and pollen grains, respectively, with Zosterops japonicus being the most effective pollinator, depositing large number of pollen grains on the stigmas during their visits.Conclusions – Our findings show that Cordia subcordata established itself and persists in the archipelago by producing fruits through a combination of self-compatibility and pollination by the most common passerine bird on the oceanic islands.
Editorial Enfermagem
Authors: Pereira Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Editorial da Coeditora de Enfermagem, Prof.ª Doutora Patrícia Pereira.
Editorial Terapêuticas não Convencionais
Authors: Oliveira Maia Jorge
Published: November 2020

Editorial do Coeditor de Terapêuticas não Convencionais, Prof. Doutor Jorge Oliveira Maia.
What Courses Do I Need to Teach in Order to Address Food Insecurity in Sub Saharan Africa? A Delphi Study
Authors: Millares Forno Carla Andrea , Boren-Alpizar Amy , Brashears Todd
Published: November 2020

Sub Saharan Africa is a region that has been struggling with food insecurity for decades. Though the percentage of undernourished people in the region has decreased over the last 25 years, the actual number of undernourished people increased by more than forty million. Combatting food insecurity in the region requires an arsenal of skills, knowledge, and abilities across a broad range of disciplines. One way to target food insecurity is through education and capacity building. The purpose of this study was to identify the courses and topics that should be included in a food security (FS) graduate certificate focused on Sub Saharan Africa. Identification of the topics and courses came from faculty and professionals working in the FS field in Sub Saharan Africa. A three-round Delphi technique was conducted to accomplish the purpose of the study with a total of 63 experts. Of the original 101 topics that the expert panel proposed in Round One, 80 reached the level of agreement. Researchers grouped the topics into 28 courses. The final result of the study was 24 courses that reached the level of agreement for determining the main topics and courses that should be included in a graduate certificate focused on FS for Sub Saharan Africa
Urbanization-induced land and aerosol impacts on sea-breeze circulation and convective precipitation
Authors: Fan Jiwen , Zhang Yuwei , Li Zhanqing , Hu Jiaxi , Rosenfeld Daniel
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Changes in land cover and aerosols resulting from urbanization may impact
convective clouds and precipitation. Here we investigate how Houston
urbanization can modify sea-breeze-induced convective cloud and precipitation through the urban land effect and anthropogenic aerosol effect. The simulations are carried out with the Chemistry version of the Weather
Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem), which is coupled with spectral-bin microphysics (SBM) and the multilayer urban model with a
building energy model (BEM-BEP). We find that Houston urbanization (the
joint effect of both urban land and anthropogenic aerosols) notably enhances
storm intensity (by ∼ 75 % in maximum vertical velocity) and
precipitation intensity (up to 45 %), with the anthropogenic aerosol
effect more significant than the urban land effect. Urban land effect
modifies convective evolution: speed up the transition from the warm cloud
to mixed-phase cloud, thus initiating surface rain earlier but slowing down the convective cell dissipation, all of which result from urban heating-induced stronger sea-breeze circulation. The anthropogenic aerosol effect
becomes evident after the cloud evolves into the mixed-phase cloud,
accelerating the development of storm from the mixed-phase cloud to deep
cloud by ∼ 40 min. Through aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI), aerosols boost convective intensity and precipitation mainly by activating
numerous ultrafine particles at the mixed-phase and deep cloud stages. This
work shows the importance of considering both the urban land and anthropogenic aerosol effects for understanding urbanization effects on convective clouds
and precipitation.
Assessment of regional aerosol radiative effects under the SWAAMI campaign – Part 2: Clear-sky direct shortwave radiative forcing using multi-year assimilated data over the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Pathak Harshavardhana Sunil , Satheesh Sreedharan Krishnakumari , Moorthy Krishnaswamy Krishna , Nanjundiah Ravi Shankar
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Clear-sky, direct shortwave
aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) has been estimated over the Indian region,
for the first time employing multi-year (2009–2013) gridded, assimilated aerosol products, as an important
part of the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) which is a joint Indo-UK research field campaign
focused at understanding the variabilities in atmospheric aerosols and their interactions with the Indian summer monsoon.
The aerosol datasets have been constructed following statistical assimilation of concurrent data from a dense network of
ground-based observatories and multi-satellite products, as described in Part 1 of this two-part paper. The ARF,
thus estimated, is assessed for its superiority or otherwise over other ARF estimates based on satellite-retrieved
aerosol products, over the Indian region, by comparing the radiative fluxes (upward) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) estimated
using assimilated and satellite products with spatiotemporally matched radiative flux values provided by CERES
(Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System) single-scan footprint (SSF) product. This clearly demonstrated improved
accuracy of the forcing estimates using the assimilated vis-à-vis satellite-based aerosol datasets at regional,
subregional and seasonal scales. The regional distribution of diurnally averaged ARF estimates has revealed
(a) significant differences from similar estimates made using currently available satellite data, not only in terms
of magnitude but also the sign of TOA forcing; (b) the largest magnitudes of surface cooling and atmospheric warming over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)
and arid regions from north-western India; and (c) negative TOA forcing over most parts of the Indian region, except
for three subregions – the IGP, north-western India and eastern parts of peninsular
India where the TOA forcing changes to positive during pre-monsoon season. Aerosol-induced atmospheric warming rates,
estimated using the assimilated data, demonstrate substantial spatial heterogeneities (∼0.2 to 2.0 K d−1)
over the study domain with the IGP demonstrating relatively stronger atmospheric heating rates (∼0.6 to 2.0 K d−1).
There exists a strong seasonality as well, with atmospheric warming being highest during pre-monsoon and lowest during winter
seasons. It is to be noted that the present ARF estimates demonstrate substantially smaller uncertainties than their
satellite counterparts, which is a natural consequence of reduced uncertainties in assimilated vis-à-vis satellite
aerosol properties. The results demonstrate the potential application of the assimilated datasets and ARF estimates
for improving accuracies of climate impact assessments at regional and subregional scales.
Tropospheric and stratospheric wildfire smoke profiling with lidar:
Mass, surface area, CCN and INP retrieval
Authors: Ansmann Albert , Ohneiser Kevin , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Knopf Daniel A. , Veselovskii Igor , Baars Holger , Engelmann Ronny , Foth Andreas , Jimenez Cristofer , Seifert Patric , Barja Boris
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We present retrievals of tropospheric and stratospheric height profiles of particle mass, volume, and surface area concentrations in the case of wildfire smoke layers as well as estimates of smoke-related cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations from single-wavelength backscatter lidar measurements at ground and in space. A central role in the data analysis play conversion factors to convert the measured optical into microphysical properties. The set of needed conversion parameters for wildfire smoke are derived from AERONET observations of major smoke events caused by record-breaking wildfires in western Canada in August 2017 and southeastern Australia in January–February 2020. The new smoke analysis scheme is applied to stratospheric CALIPSO observations of fresh smoke plumes over northern Canada in 2017 and New Zealand in January 2020 and to ground-based lidar observation in southern Chile in aged Australian smoke layers in January 2020. These case studies show the potential of spaceborne and ground-based lidars to document large-scale and long-lasting wildfire smoke events in large detail and thus to provide valuable information for climate-, cloud-, and air chemistry modeling efforts performed to investigate the role of wildfire smoke in the atmospheric system.
Improved representation of the global dust cycle using
observational constraints on dust properties and abundance
Authors: Kok Jasper F. , Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Albani Samuel , Balkanski Yves , Checa-Garcia Ramiro , Chin Mian , Colarco Peter R. , Hamilton Douglas Stephen , Huang Yue , Ito Akinori , Klose Martina , Leung Danny M. , Li Longlei , Mahowald Natalie M. , Miller Ron L. , Obiso Vincenzo , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Rocha-Lima Adriana , Wan Jessica S. , Whicker Chloe A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric models struggle to accurately represent its spatial and temporal distribution. These model errors are partially caused by fundamental difficulties in simulating dust emission in coarse-resolution models and in accurately representing dust microphysical properties. Here we mitigate these problems by developing a new methodology that yields an improved representation of the global dust cycle. We present an analytical framework that uses inverse modeling to integrate an ensemble of global model simulations with observational constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We then compare the inverse model results against independent measurements of dust surface concentration and deposition flux and find that errors are reduced by approximately a factor of two relative to current model simulations of the Northern Hemisphere dust cycle. The inverse model results show smaller improvements in the less dusty Southern Hemisphere, most likely because both the model simulations and the observational constraints used in the inverse model are less accurate. On a global basis, we find that the emission flux of dust with geometric diameter up to 20 μm (PM20) is approximately 5,000 Tg/year, which is greater than most models account for. This larger PM20 dust flux is needed to match observational constraints showing a large atmospheric loading of coarse dust. We obtain gridded data sets of dust emission, vertically integrated loading, dust aerosol optical depth, (surface) concentration, and wet and dry deposition fluxes that are resolved by season and particle size. As our results indicate that this data set is more accurate than current model simulations and the MERRA-2 dust reanalysis product, it can be used to improve quantifications of dust impacts on the Earth system.
An improved TROPOMI tropospheric HCHO retrieval over China
Authors: Su Wenjing , Liu Cheng , Chan Ka Lok , Hu Qihou , Liu Haoran , Ji Xiangguang , Zhu Yizhi , Liu Ting , Zhang Chengxin , Chen Yujia , Liu Jianguo
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We present an improved TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument
(TROPOMI) retrieval of formaldehyde (HCHO) over China. The new retrieval
optimizes the slant column density (SCD) retrieval and air mass factor (AMF)
calculation for TROPOMI observations of HCHO over China. Retrieval of HCHO
differential SCDs (DSCDs) is improved using the basic optical differential
spectroscopy (BOAS) technique resulting in lower noise and smaller random
error, while AMFs are improved with a priori HCHO profiles from a higher
resolution regional chemistry transport model. Compared to the operational
product, the new TROPOMI HCHO retrieval shows better agreement with ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)
measurements in Beijing. The improvements are mainly related to the AMF
calculation with more precise a priori profiles in winter. Using more
precise a priori profiles in general reduces HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) by 52.37 %
(± 27.09 %) in winter. Considering the aerosol effect in AMF
calculation reduces the operational product by 11.46 % (± 1.48 %) and our retrieval by 17.61 % (± 1.92 %)
in winter. The improved and operational HCHO are also used to investigate
the spatial–temporal characteristics of HCHO over China. The result shows
that both improved and operational HCHO VCDs reach maximum in summer and
minimum in winter. High HCHO VCDs mainly located over populated areas, i.e.,
Sichuan Basin and central and eastern China, indicate a significant
contribution of anthropogenic emissions. The hotspots are more obvious on
the map of the improved HCHO retrieval than the operational product. The result indicates that
the improved TROPOMI HCHO retrieval is more suitable for the analysis of regional- and
city-scale pollution in China.
Exploring constraints on a wetland methane emission ensemble (WetCHARTs) using GOSAT observations
Authors: Parker Robert J. , Wilson Chris , Bloom A. Anthony , Comyn-Platt Edward , Hayman Garry , McNorton Joe , Boesch Hartmut , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Wetland emissions contribute the largest uncertainties to the current global atmospheric CH4 budget, and how these emissions will change under future climate scenarios is also still poorly understood. Bloom et al. (2017b) developed WetCHARTs, a simple, data-driven, ensemble-based model that produces estimates of CH4 wetland emissions constrained by observations of precipitation and temperature. This study performs the first detailed global and regional evaluation of the WetCHARTs CH4 emission model ensemble against 9 years of high-quality, validated atmospheric CH4 observations from GOSAT (the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite). A 3-D chemical transport model is used to estimate atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios based on the WetCHARTs emissions and other sources. Across all years and all ensemble members, the observed global seasonal-cycle amplitude is typically underestimated by WetCHARTs by −7.4 ppb, but the correlation coefficient of 0.83 shows that the seasonality is well-produced at a global scale. The Southern Hemisphere has less of a bias (−1.9 ppb) than the Northern Hemisphere (−9.3 ppb), and our findings show that it is typically the North Tropics where this bias is the worst (−11.9 ppb). We find that WetCHARTs generally performs well in reproducing the observed wetland CH4 seasonal cycle for the majority of wetland regions although, for some regions, regardless of the ensemble configuration, WetCHARTs does not reproduce the observed seasonal cycle well. In order to investigate this, we performed detailed analysis of some of the more challenging exemplar regions (Paraná River, Congo, Sudd and Yucatán). Our results show that certain ensemble members are more suited to specific regions, due to either deficiencies in the underlying data driving the model or complexities in representing the processes involved. In particular, incorrect definition of the wetland extent is found to be the most common reason for the discrepancy between the modelled and observed CH4 concentrations. The remaining driving data (i.e. heterotrophic respiration and temperature) are shown to also contribute to the mismatch with observations, with the details differing on a region-by-region basis but generally showing that some degree of temperature dependency is better than none. We conclude that the data-driven approach used by WetCHARTs is well-suited to producing a benchmark ensemble dataset against which to evaluate more complex process-based land surface models that explicitly model the hydrological behaviour of these complex wetland regions.
Modelling the habitat preference of two key Sphagnum species in a poor fen as controlled by capitulum water content
Authors: Gong Jinnan , Roulet Nigel , Frolking Steve , Peltola Heli , Laine Anna M. , Kokkonen Nicola , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Current peatland models generally treat vegetation as static, although plant
community structure is known to alter as a response to environmental change.
Because the vegetation structure and ecosystem functioning are tightly
linked, realistic projections of peatland response to climate change require
the inclusion of vegetation dynamics in ecosystem models. In peatlands, Sphagnum mosses are
key engineers. Moss community composition primarily follows habitat moisture
conditions. The known species habitat preference along the prevailing moisture
gradient might not directly serve as a reliable predictor for future species
compositions, as water table fluctuation is likely to increase. Hence,
modelling the mechanisms that control the habitat preference of Sphagna is a good
first step for modelling community dynamics in peatlands. In this study, we
developed the Peatland Moss Simulator (PMS), which simulates the community dynamics
of the peatland moss layer. PMS is a process-based model that employs a
stochastic, individual-based approach for simulating competition within the peatland
moss layer based on species differences in functional traits. At the
shoot-level, growth and competition were driven by net photosynthesis, which
was regulated by hydrological processes via the capitulum water content. The
model was tested by predicting the habitat preferences of Sphagnum magellanicum and Sphagnum fallax – two key
species representing dry (hummock) and wet (lawn) habitats in a poor fen
peatland (Lakkasuo, Finland). PMS successfully captured the habitat
preferences of the two Sphagnum species based on observed variations in trait
properties. Our model simulation further showed that the validity of PMS
depended on the interspecific differences in the capitulum water content being
correctly specified. Neglecting the water content differences led to the
failure of PMS to predict the habitat preferences of the species in
stochastic simulations. Our work highlights the importance of the capitulum
water content with respect to the dynamics and carbon functioning of Sphagnum communities in
peatland ecosystems. Thus, studies of peatland responses to changing environmental
conditions need to include capitulum water processes as a control on
moss community dynamics. Our PMS model could be used as an elemental design
for the future development of dynamic vegetation models for peatland
ecosystems.