bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Throughput for Multicast over MANET-Satellite Networks
Authors: Do-Duy Tan , Dang Phuoc Hai Trang , Truong Quang Phuc , Nguyen Van Thanh Loc , Nguyen Van Phuc , Le Minh Thanh
Published: February 2022

The convergence of MANET and satellite networks has been considered as one of the potential solutions to provide emergency communication and disaster relief services. However, unreliable MANET and satellite links may inﬂuence seriously to data transmission. In this paper, we study the application of packet-level coding for enhancing network throughput for multicast services over integrated MANET-satellite networks. First, we characterize the performance of multicast networks in terms of the probability of packet delivery under different packet-level codes. We then formulate and solve the coding optimization problem for typical values of computational resources at the network nodes given some target probability of successful delivery to the receivers. Finally, several simulation results show signiﬁcant gains in the average achievable rate at the receivers with respect to routing for representative scenarios with different types of network devices given a strictly-high probability of successful delivery of the multicast networks. Furthermore, the devices with higher computational resources can obtain significantly better throughput gain.
Leading the Charge: Outcomes from a Student-Driven Engagement with a Veteran Community
Authors: Sickler Stephanie
Published: February 2022

This project merged experiential learning, a service project, and one discipline’s accreditation requirement for a human-centered design curriculum to engage students in designing for different user groups. The project followed a semester where students were required to engage with the community they were designing for. Ten service hours were required as a part of the course to familiarize the students with the venue and its residents of their local Veterans Affairs hospital. Upon the start of the subsequent semester, students requested further interaction with the veteran population they had come to know. As a means of exploring programming, a studio project was modified to fulfill their request, allowing them to further engage with the veteran population they had served through exhibit design. Though the studio course did not have an official service-learning course designation, by the end of the semester and, at the students’ direction, their project transcended the traditional mold of service learning by evolving organically based on experiential outcomes. By its end, the course’s objectives were met through the production of a full-scale, professionally designed museum exhibit honoring the veterans the students had come to love during their service experience. The exhibit was displayed numerous times before it found its final resting point in the VA hospital lobby. This engagement experience demonstrated that perhaps a more student-driven approach to engaged scholarship opportunities in the design disciplines could have transformative value for both learners and community members.
Effect of service quality and product quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction variables on user logistic services pt. balrich logistics
Authors: Hidayatullah Mr. , Suharto Mr. , Wahyudi Mr.
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, the effect of product quality on customer satisfaction, the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, the effect of service quality on customer loyalty, the effect of product quality on customer loyalty, the effect of service quality on customer loyalty through the satisfaction variable. customers, the effect of product quality on customer loyalty through satisfaction variables. This research was conducted at PT. Balrich Logistik Jakarta by involving 98 customers of the company. Data analysis used path analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) model with t test. Based on the results of data analysis, it is obtained that service quality has no significant effect on customer loyalty, product quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction, product quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction, the indirect effect of service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction is greater than the direct effect and the indirect effect of product quality on customer satisfaction through customer satisfaction is greater than the direct effect.
Development and Quality Evaluation of Nutritious and Healthy Biscuits for Dogs
Authors: Zahra Naseem
Published: February 2022

Pet food awareness among people is increasing day by day due to humanization trends towards pets. The pet owners are searching for various quality petfoods having different tastes. Therefore, there is an increase demand of premium products i.e. organic, raw and natural pet foods which are giving lots of choices for pet owners. The present study entails the preparation of dog biscuits by using cheap and organic sources. Orange, apple and banana peels were used in the preparation of dog biscuits in order to utilize fruits wastes. Nutritional, heavy metals and aflatoxins analyses was done to evaluate useful aspects of biscuits for dogs. Aflatoxins were absent in biscuits and heavy metals were also within permissible levels showing harmlessness of biscuits for pet dog. The biscuits were offered to pet dogs for sensory evaluation and were found acceptable. The results from nutritional analysis showed that the prepared biscuits for dog are a nutritive food having enough high calories of 407.55 Kcal/100g in order to fulfill dietary requirements of dogs. It was concluded that prepared biscuits for dogs were nutritionally fit for dog’s health.
Ergonomic Supporting Unit for Invasive Surgery
Authors: Serdaroğlu Tigrel Semra , Bayazıt Nigan
Published: February 2022

Background: In health care industry, scientific studies and technological developments are implemented in daily use as soon as possible to save time for the diagnosis and the treatment of the patients. Where as the interest of the caregivers are neglected most of the time.Layout of the operating room and the ergonomic design of the equipment used during surgery should be advance in order to prevent disorders and long-term musculoskeletal illnesses among surgeons. The surgeons’ ‘ease of use’ is ignored most of the time until health problems start to arouse as occupational illness.With the development of technology, endovascular and laparoscopic procedures (minimally invasive surgery) are replacing the conventional open surgeries. Instruments used for laparoscopic surgery are longer in size than the ones used in open surgery. The visual interface is a monitor instead of the site of surgery. Surgeons work in awkward static postures. Lumbar region of the spine of surgeons is affected by the torque, which is caused by the departure angles of the joints of upper extremity especially when the arms are outstretched and unsupported.To evaluate and determine the problems of the working environment in the operation room, a survey is carried out on the basis of ergonomic design. Questionnaires searching for the causing factors of musculoskeletal injuries during operations are made with the surgeons. The surgeon-supporting unit was designed to support upper extremity of the surgeons in a seated position to increase their comfort.Methods: Photographs of the operation team are taken during surgery. Static postures of the surgeons are evaluated with model-based software called PCMAN. Angles of the body parts during procedures are found out and 3D mannequin of a surgeon is formed in solid works. The support is designed around the mannequin. Design vision of the support was to fallow the arm movements of the surgeon while supporting them. Prototype surgeon supporting unit was constructed and tested by ten surgeons. Two of the surgeons tested the supporting unit twice during surgeries.Results: Nine of participating surgeons preferred seated position and seven of them said that using arm support is comfortable. All of the participating surgeons indicated that the horizontal and vertical movements of the support were satisfactory. Eight participants said that vertical stability is satisfactory; four of them said that horizontal stability is satisfactory. Seven participants said that horizontal ease of use is satisfactory.Conclusion: Results of the study indicates that the surgeon should be able to immobilize the supporting unit at a desired horizontal position. Control of the vertical movement was by pedals. Since the surgeons are using other pedaled equipment during surgeries, the vertical movement should be controlled in another way to prevent confusions. Overall evaluation of the study shows that working at a seated position and supporting the arms reduce discomfort of the surgeons.
Postures and Movements of Upper Arms and Upper Back During Box Handling in Real Setting
Authors: Cristina Nogueira Helen , Locks Francisco , Costa José Hermosilla Ana Beatriz Oliveira Marylaine
Published: February 2022

Considering the lack of studies assessing biomechanical exposure during manual material handling (MMH) in real work environment, the aims of this study are: (1) describing postures and movements of the upper back and upper arms during MMH performed in a regular workday in a real setting; (2) comparing postures and movements according to height level of the MMH; and (3) investigating the relationship between postures/movements and the workers’ experience. Fourteen workers (28.14 ± 6.73 years) from the distribution sector of an automotive factory were evaluated during four hours of their regular work. Three workers who presented more than five years performing MMH tasks were considered as expert (6.33 ± 0.57 years of experience in MMH tasks). Eleven workers were classified as novices (1.24 ± 0.78 years). Postures and movements of upper back and upper arms were measured using inclinometers. APDF percentiles (10th, 50th, and 90th) were obtained for angles and angular velocities. All data were descriptively analyzed and a one-way ANOVA was performed in order to compare biomechanical exposure during MMH tasks performed in three different, and most adopted, heights (floor, chest and shoulder levels). Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the association between experience and biomechanical exposure variables. Alfa level was set at 0.05. In general, the descriptive analyses showed no expressive difference between expert and novice workers. Significant statistical differences in upper back and upper arms posture and movement among the three most frequent handling heights were found. Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between workers’ experience and humeral elevation. Despite the limited number of workers, we could evaluate what in fact happen in real settings. We believe that the evaluation of larger samples would demonstrate differences between expert and novice workers also in real settings, as we could observe a tendency of safer strategies among experienced workers. The challenge is finding larger groups of workers doing MMH tasks considering the lean production systems.
Determination of Forces Required to Open Valves
Authors: Al-Qaisia Saif , Aghazadehb Fereydoun , Ikumab Laura
Published: February 2022

The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators’ torque production; (2) to recommend maximum acceptable torque (MAT) limits for valve systems that will not exceed operators’ capabilities; and (3) to review and summarize the literature concerning the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators. A total of 60 participants were recruited for this study, including 30 males and 30 females. The handwheel heights included knee, elbow, shoulder, and overhead levels. The handwheel angles included 0o, 45o, and 90o. At each height-angle combination, maximum isometric torque exertions on a handwheel were measured. MAT limits were computed using the 5th percentile torque strength values of the female participants. Depending on the height and angle of the handwheel, the average maximum torque exertions ranged from 51.6 Nm (found at overhead 0o) to 74.9 Nm (found at overhead 45o). The MAT limits ranged between 13.7 Nm and 24.1 Nm, depending on the height and angle of the handwheel. The results of similar studies in the literature and the current research are summarized and compared in one table.
Study on Kind Transfer Assistance Between Wheelchair and Bed In the Case of Eye Movement Analysis
Authors: Itoa Mikako , Endob Atsushi , Takaic Yuka , Yoshikawad Takashi , Gotoc Akihiko , Kuwaharab Noriaki
Published: February 2022

As of October, 2012, the elderly make up 24.1% of the Japanese population. Japanese society is aging at one of the highest rates in the world. The number of recipients of nursing care is likely to increase dramatically in the near future. Due to a shortage of expert nursing staff, training caregivers for long-term care facilities has become a growing concern. To help speed the training process, we examined one of the processes where caregiver experience is most obvious: transferring patients between their bed and a wheelchair. To better understand the benefits of experience, we measured the nursing staff's eye movements during transfer, and found that expert caregivers' eyes moved more quickly than non-experts', which suggests that transfer assistance can be improved by instructing the caretakers to focus on specific parts of the patient's body.
Effects of Load Carriage on Lumbopelvic Motor Control
Authors: HK Chow Daniel
Published: February 2022

Load carriage has become a concern in many industrialized countries and problems of musculoskeletal pain and stress on spinal structures due to load carriage have been widely reported. Various studies have been conducted to investigate the etiology of back pain due to load carriage. As people with low back pain exhibit abnormal spinal control, effects of load carriage on spinal control have been investigated in static upright stance. However, its effect on dynamic spinal control is not clear. In this study, the effects of load carriage on dynamic spinal control were investigated. Lumbopelvic movement control of 12 healthy female volunteers was quantified whilst performing a reaching task under four loading conditions, i.e. no load, carrying backpack of 5%, 10% and 15% body weight (BW). It was shown that lumbopelvic coordination was less in-phase and more variable during load carriage of 10% and 15%BW in forward reaching movement, suggesting greater alteration in spinal motor control at heavier weights. As abnormal movement strategies tend to increase the risk of spinal injury, pragmatic approaches should be considered to eradicate the adverse effect of heavy load carriage on spinal motor control.
Study on the Appraisal System of Manual Work Efficiency
Authors: Li Yang Feng Li JingWen Yuan XiuGan Ding
Published: February 2022

The biomechanics and physiology of the joints, muscles, sensors and nerves of the hand, as well as the manual work were analyzed in detail. In addition to 65 minor indexes, 5 major ones including the strength, fatigue, range of motion, tactility and dexterity were proposed in order to evaluate the manual work efficiency. Different approaches and facilities corresponding with varied indexes aiming to appraising the efficiency were designed and manufactured. With the aid of these apparatus, 26 subjects participated in the tests which were relative to 5 major and 47 minor indexes. Based on the experimental results, an optimal appraisal system integrating with some indexes employed in the work efficiency assess were presented. Also, the optimal efficiency appraisal system’s practicality was verified by the evaluation of heat resistant gloves.
What are the Feelings of Operators about Physical and Psychosocial Ergonomic Risks? A Case Study in SCANIA Production Angers
Authors: Zare Mohsen , Croq Julie Bodin Michel , Cercier Elodie , Roquelaure Yves
Published: February 2022

Ergonomic improvement and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders still remain quite important among assembly manufacturing. Then, having the valid and precise evaluation for psychological and physical risk factors as well as musculoskeletal symptoms is the first step for ergonomic risk management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operators’ feelings in regards to physical and mental workloads a long with musculoskeletal symptoms. Furthermore, the interview was done with all the people Friday afternoon and Monday morning to compare the perceived exertion force at the first day and the last day of week. This cross-sectional study was done in SCANIA production Angers. In this trucks assembly plant one sector was chosen and two different questionnaires including self reported and interview questionnaire were filled out. Self-reported questionnaire evaluated 130 ergonomics variables and interview questionnaire 27 variables. The latter was completed two times Friday afternoon and Monday morning. Our finding showed that Most of study population show pain in lower back, elbow and shoulder. The most observed risk factors were in shoulders, elbows and wrists. The prevalence of psychosocial factors were high among assembly operators as 78% reported low decision latitude. Perceived exertion force for whole body for high workload working day in Friday was more than Monday morning even the difference wasn’t significant. The results showed that in addition to physical ergonomic workloads, there are psychosocial risk factors among assemblers. Furthermore, the body region that were more affected by risk factors were reported as WMSDs symptoms.
Effects of Force and Repetition on Inflammation due to Eccentric Muscle Contractions
Authors: Gallagher Sean , F. Sesek Richard , Davis Jerry
Published: February 2022

Recent evidence strongly suggests that force and repetition interact in a consistent manner to affect musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk, likely due to an underlying fatigue failure process in affected tissues. This pilot study evaluated whether a force-repetition interaction was present with respect to inflammatory responses of elbow flexor muscles after eccentric exercise. 24 subjects performed eccentric contractions with 6 assigned to each of the following groups: low-force, low-repetition (LFLR), low-force, high-repetition (LFHR), high-force, low-repetition (HFLR) or high-force, high-repetition (HFHR). High- and low-force eccentric contractions were set 120% and 60% of maximum isometric capacity, respectively. Low and high repetition rates were defined as two and eight repetitions/set. A baseline magnetic resonance image (MRI) was taken of their non-dominant arm prior to the eccentric exercise, as were relaxed elbow angle and maximum isometric strength. Dependent measures included MRI data on edema in the muscle (day 2 versus day 0), and relaxed elbow flexion angle and isometric strength (obtained days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-exercise). Significant force-repetition interactions were found for relaxed elbow angle at days 2 and 4 post-exercise (p < 0.05), and for days 2 and 4 for isometric strength (p < 0.05). MRI data demonstrated a non-significant force-repetition interaction (p > 0.05), but a tendency towards the expected interaction pattern.
Modeling Peripheral Muscle Fatigue Using a Variable Recovery Rate
Authors: Xia Ting
Published: February 2022

Muscle fatigue is a transient and reversible decrease in performance capacity after a period of physical exertion. A variety of approaches have been applied to model muscle fatigue. Recently a theoretical, phenomenal parameter-based model (Liu-Xia model) was proposed with the capability of predicting fatigue for tasks of any force-time history. The Liu-Xia model has two parameters F and R that define the fatigue and recovery behavior, respectively. Previously, F and R were treated as constant in model validation. In the current study, R is redefined as a function of exertion level in attempt to reflect the effect of muscle contraction on blood flow. The purpose is to examine if an R varying with exertion level can improve model prediction for low intensity, static and intermittent tasks. Particularly, R is modeled as a step-wise function of three regions: 0-10% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), no occlusion; 10-50% MVC, 0-100% occlusion, assuming a linear relationship in the region; and 51-100%, full occlusion. The results suggest that an R varying with exertion level may serve as a viable way to improve model performance, dependent on a better modeling of the relationship between muscle contraction and blood flow.
Hand Anthropometry of Young Chinese Males Aged 18~35 Years Old
Authors: Xiaohui a* Zheng , Songtaoa Ding , Xuezh i Zhang , Hea Fang , Taijieb Liu , Chunyu Wang
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the hand form of young Chinese male, an anthropometry survey was carried out in China from 2010 to 2011, and 9812 young Chinese men were measured with two-dimensional color graphs method and three-dimensional scanning technology. The differences exist in young Chinese male from different regions of China were studied by the hand index. The mean and standard deviation of each dimension of young Chinese male are summarized in tables and compared with those of other populations (Jordanian, Mexicans and Vietnamese). The results show that the seven geographical areas of China could be divided into three groups based on the different hand form types, and there are also significant difference in hand dimensions between young Chinese male and other nationalities.
Impact of Physical Load on Workability of Social Caregivers
Authors: Roja Zenija , Kalkis Valdis , Kalkis Henrijs , Roja Inara , Dundurs Janis
Published: February 2022

The contemporary changing labour market has promoted health problems caused by ergonomic load at work. In Latvia, similarly to other places in the world, within the recent 10 years number of work related muscular sceletal disorders (WRMSD) in the structure of occupational diseases has grown rapidly, and according to data from the State Labour Inspection, in 2012 these diseases comprised 60% of the total number of primary cases of occupational diseases. Employees in Latvia report about high physical workload and rapidly increasing psychoemotional strain at the workplaces. In the branch of social care WRMSD are extremely significant for younger and elderly employees. A social caregiver’s duty requires frequent manual lifting and awkward postures that makes severe burden for the waist. Low back pain is prevalent in care staffs with long-term experience. Increasing number of the elderly and severe disability of workers in social care intensifies the work load. Aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the physical load on adult and children caregivers’ workability, to work out preventive measures for reduction of ergonomic load and improvement of workability. The several tools to describe and assess physical load using subjective and experimental (objective) methods were used. Chosen tools and technique are: KIM  key item method (assessment of the manual handling of heavy loads), HRM heart rate monitoring (assessment of work heaviness degree depending on workers physical activity), RPE  the rating of perceived exertion, NIOSH lifting equation, and WAI  workability index (assessment employees’ existing work capacity and forecast for the near future). It was stated that accordingly to results of HRM data (energy consumption) work hardness categories varies from category II (moderate work) for children caregivers to category III (hard work) for adult caregivers. It coincides with the subjective risk assessment methods. It was concluded that physical workload insignificantly impact workability of social caregivers
The Influence of the Brain Lateralization on Preferences Related to the Simple Digital Signage Message
Authors: Grobelny Jerzy , Michalski Rafał , Maria Świątek-Romek Kalina , Marciniak Monika
Published: February 2022

This paper presents research concerned with how people perceive and subjectively assess various digital signage messages consisting of a simple image and one word text. Three independent factors were manipulated including: the background color (white and black), the text font size (36 and 72 points), and, finally, the image location (to the left and right hand side of the text). The examination involved 70 participants – 40 women and 30 men. The pairwise comparisons based on Analytic Hierarchy Process developed by Saaty were employed to produce the subjects’ preferences. The obtained results indicated considerable differences in relative weights towards examined factors. However, the consistency indices occurred to be significant and suggested that probably participants had difficulties in specifying coherent likings.
Ergonomics in Polish Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Gębczyńska-Janowicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2022

Outpatient clinics are structures in which ergonomics plays a key role. This fact is associated with an often occurring risk of developing hospital-acquired infection. The risk increases with mistakes made in wrong planning of working places for the medical staff. On grounds of the profile of such an outpatient clinic, planning the functional and spatial lay-out is subordinated to high utilitarian requirements, including hygienic and sanitary, and technological requirements. A properly planned structure allows to reduce dangers more efficiently for its users: patients and medical staff. The aim of this article is to show the role of ergonomics in planning the safe space in medical facilities. It will present current regulations concerning the spatial planning of outpatient clinics as structures offering medical services in time not exceeding 24 hours, as well as analyses of practical solutions on architecture, technology and ergonomics, which increase user safety in Polish medical facilities offering primary care.
Eco- Ergonomics in Architectural Practice
Authors: Charytonowicz Jerzy , Skowronski Maciej
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, one of the main consumers of natural resources and the biggest waste producers is the building sector. Only in the European Union it generates more than 30 per cent of waste every year. Reducing a negative impact of the building industry on the natural environment is an inter-disciplinary task which requires that the designer has possessed an extended knowledge of construction, materials, ecology and ergonomics. The optimum architectural solutions designed for achieving a comfort of using as well as an adequate microclimate of the interiors must be achieved with the respect towards the good condition of natural environment in which we are to live. And this is ecoergonomics that helps us meet this challenge and can be regarded as one of the key pillars of 21-century ecological architecture. This paper is to deal with the ecoergonomics applied in design practice whose aim is to reduce the negative impact of the building sector on the amount of waste produced and an excessive exploitation of resources.
Design of Exterior Facades and Ergonomics of the Interiors
Authors: Tymkiewicz Joanna
Published: February 2022

The paper is a recapitulation of literature analyses, the author’s observations and studies of selected buildings. Special focus is given on the interaction of the elements creating the external image of buildings, such as their shell, façade solutions and the ergonomics of their interiors. On the grounds of literature analyses the author collected information on the functionality of buildings with extraordinary architectural forms and fashionable façade materials. In the next stage, the functionality of architectural details was investigated, as they create the aesthetics of the facades: breaks in walls, bay windows and various types of sun protection shields. In the course of in-situ investigations, initial conclusions on the impact of the façade solutions, shaping the esthetics of buildings, on the comfort of use of the interiors were verified.
Ergonomic Solutions for Large Hotel Spaces
Authors: Jablonska Joanna , Trocka-Leszczynska Elzbieta
Published: February 2022

Apart from providing accommodation and fulfilling basic human needs, contemporary hotels are places of meetings, business agreements, conferences, symposiums or celebrations of important life invents. In order to provide sufficient space for large groups of users coming at the same time, hotels are being equipped with great halls, vast rooms, and wide corridors. These types of interiors raise certain issues, such as: sufficient lighting, proper acoustics, user and fire safety, high wear rate of finishing materials, or comfort of people with disabilities. However, these problems are usually treated as secondary concerns, whereas the focus is often on an interesting architectural design, implemented without sufficient specialist knowledge on acoustics, visibility or fire protection. This study is a closer analysis of the aforementioned problems, based on case and literature studies. The paper also proposes guidelines which can prove useful in designing or refurbishing large hotel spaces.
Parametric Design of Airport Passenger Service Areas
Authors: Sitek Michał , Masły Dariusz
Published: February 2022

The search for methodologies of programming the size of the functional zones of airport terminals has been spurred by the problem of processing statistical and computational information to the form of graphical representation in terms of a simplified model of an object in a linear system. Accordingly, the authors utilised a widely applicable tool to construct an algorithm for testing various options of detailed architectural solutions and design decisions. The possibility of testing various partial solutions should enable changes in the results of calculating the capacity of the terminal in relation to its size, with specific consideration of the passenger service zones. Input data in the form of numerical information on the infrastructure, as well as the standard and estimated throughput of the terminal are calculated by means of the Terminal Planning Spreadsheet Model devised by Transportation Research Board of the National Academies under the framework of the Airport Cooperative Research Program. The algorithm importing the input data contained in the calculation model is processed in the Grasshopper environment. The tool is currently being developed by the authors to be applied for transforming numerical data to optional forms on the bases of given geometrical representation criteria and their arrangement in mutual spatial interrelations (a part of the devised algorithm), an analysis of the size of the functional zones in relation to IATA standards and the number of passenger at the capacity peak. The entire elaboration is currently in preparation and shall be based on a case study using the numerical data on one of regional EU airports. The conducted experiments of processing the numerical data into their graphical representation result in simplified diagrams of the functional zones of a linear system of an airport terminal. The next step is to devise more detailed solutions for specific zones of the terminal and to test the elaborated solutions in view of the theoretical model relation and in situ observations of the existing terminal.
Urban-Kitchen. Ergonomics and Sustainability to the Social Complexity
Authors: Marino Sonia , Stasi Serenella
Published: February 2022

In the use of office or residential space it is crucial to understand how they affect the socio-cultural and demographic changes, and how an ergonomic and sustainable design (ergosostenibile - ergosustainable) meet and conform to the needs of individuals while respecting the environment. In residential space such symbolic transformations can be observed in the kitchen, "laboratory" of choice to observe the evolution of design determined by structure and family relations from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. There were significant changes as a result of demographic changes and socio-economic factors. By late modernity, the family meets the individualistic needs and disruptive redeveloping the internal and external relations, and the kitchen loses its rigid definition between backstage and frontstage to reconfigure itself according to new setups. It remains the center of domesticity but new experiences to meet the new requirements when the kitchen becomes a place of socializing and sharing outside the family. This study seeks through the analysis of the changes that have occurred since the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. An innovative experiences to be understood as a space-kitchen ergosustainable (ergonomic and sustainable) can meet the needs of economic and socio-cultural, present and future, moving towards the urban kitchen: a kitchen as a space to be shared, projected as a part of communal area.
Toward Environmental Compatibility of Structural Forms
Authors: Tarczewski Romuald
Published: February 2022

Modern buildings are complex systems which have been in continuous interaction with man, for whom they are living and working environment. An important aspect of this interaction is the visual perception of the building and its relation to the natural environment. This is closely related to the evolution of architectural form and structural system of the building. The capabilities of the process of shaping the form are very much determined by the possibilities of adequate modeling of the building and the exchange of information between the participants of the investment process. Support for the modeling of buildings by means of using computer technology and numerical methods allowed to change the adopted aesthetic paradigm in architecture. One of the consequences of this development is the spread of organic forms, for which an obvious choice of the basic structural material has become concrete. It allows the formation of structural forms that previously could not be realized. However, technological limitations associated with the implementation of spatially complex concrete elements caused that after the initial enthusiasm, there has been a decline in their use. New opportunities offered by the application in the production of these structural elements of the flexible membranes made of technical textiles opens up a new perspective for the design of objects with forms integrated with the natural environment.
Influence of Selected Ergonomics Factors on the Effectiveness of Quality Control: Case Study
Authors: Wachowiak Fryderyk , Kujawińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2022

In this article the authors discuss the results of the influence of selected factors on the effectiveness of ergonomic quality control in production plants of the plastics processing and wood industry. Unsatisfactory performance of the one hundred per cent, visual inspection of products provided a starting point to undertake research. Analysis of workstations using the Pacholski checklist, surveys of subjective feelings of employees and methods of experts, showed a low level of selected ergonomic factors. Considering the fact that the main aim of the company is profit, to urge employers to interest in ergonomics, profitability of the investment should be presented. Validity of the project can be shown by the growth of such indicators as effectiveness, efficiency control, productivity, etc. The analyzed literature, including nearly one hundred and fifty scientific publications, the problem of the impact of ergonomics on the effectiveness of one hundred percent quality control has not been taken. An attempt to determine the relationships between working conditions and the effectiveness of the quality control process presented in this article, is a case study.
Transformation of Architectural and Urban Spaces for the Creative Class
Authors: Bonenberg Agata
Published: February 2022

The socioeconomic concept of the creative class is related to a situation in which economic status and development of significant groups of people is based on creating knowledge and on processing information, while the basis of their economic advantage is creativity. This fact has its spatial consequences – a condition for creative activity is appropriate environmental situation. Creating architectural and urban spaces for the creative class requires the selection and definition of features creating value in the information society and on creating a space in such a way as to stimulate creativity. The support of interaction with other users, support spontaneous behavior, and a possibility for individual, flexible transformation of space are a part of spatial attributes, which may stimulate creativity.
Ultralight Exoskeleton Walking System for Heavy Loaded Users
Authors: Pelczarski Michal
Published: February 2022

It is known that because of the vertical position of the human body, there are few serious imperfections in the musculoskeletal structure. These critical defects, combine with elongated life time, results in the mass sicknesses and disorders. Proposed in the article system, can greatly reduce that imperfections, by giving the right dynamic support for the natural musculoskeletal system. Additionally, the ultralight exoskeleton walking system, absorbs the energy during the movement of the strongest groups of muscles, and gives it beck, supporting weaker groups of the muscles. The ultralight exoskeleton walking system, combines of two subsystems: pneumatic (or not) top independent exoskeleton and attached to it walking exoskeleton system. Top one saves the human spine structures. The second one save the human knees. Both of them reduce the muscles fatigue.
Towards Modeling and Predictive Analysis of Emergent Behavior of Intelligent Transportation System of Systems
Authors: Coopera Kendra , Chunga Lawrence , Amabab Ben , Darlingtonc Scott , Dickson-Bulld Laurel
Published: February 2022

Transportation systems are at the foundation of economies – cost effectively, safely, and sustainably moving people, goods, and ideas locally, regionally, nationally and globally. The current U.S.A. national transportation system is composed of land, water, and aerospace services. The individual systems supporting these services are large scale and complex, involving numerous stakeholders (e.g., citizens, planning, operations, maintenance, manufacturers/developers, regulators, public safety) and technical standards (e.g., Traffic Management Data Dictionary, National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol). The demands on these systems are growing rapidly; to support these impending needs a vision for the future of transportation has been proposed: an integrated, international, intermodal, inclusive, intelligent, and innovative system of systems (SoS), with multiple interfaces and shared information and infrastructure elements. In this collaborative research project, we propose to define a standards-based approach that supports their modeling, simulation, and predictive analysis, with particular focus on the emergent behavior of the SoS. We view the emergent behavior problem from a component-based systems engineering perspective: how to represent, select, compose, and analyze the individual systems and the overall composition of the SoS. The research is being conducted in the context of an Intelligent Transportation Simulation Game, to make it feasible for the academic environment and appealing to students. Here, we present our preliminary work to establish a well-structured prototype SoS for the simulation game, which will be used to explore the research questions with a concrete, example system. The prototype SoS currently includes the game system and four small, independent transportation systems (rail, car, bus, pedestrian), providing multiple routes for a commuter to travel to work. Although simple, the prototype provides a foundation to build upon in the next steps of the project.
Mobility requirements for the use of carpooling among different user groups
Authors: Wilkowska Wiktoria , Farrokhikhiavi Reyhaneh , Ziefle Martina , Vallée Dirk
Published: February 2022

Facing today’s growing urbanization, increasing environmental pollution, and changing socio-economical factors, efficient mobility concepts are needed that allow counteracting the resulting challenges. The concept of carpooling might represent one such solution for sustaining mobility and reducing traffic problems of congested cities. To exploit the potential of carpooling in general, and to improve the interaction with existing web-based carpooling platforms, user-centered research was applied. Empirical data were acquired by an online survey (N=1261), in which requirements and key motivators for the use of carpooling were explored in different user groups. Overall, a positive attitude toward the use of carpooling emerged, whereby costs saving, protection of environment, and stress-free driving were revealed to be the key drivers of usage behavior. The results showed though that user diversity is crucial: There are differing requirements on ridesharing systems between older and younger, male and female carpooling users as well as depending on peoples’ status of employment. As the concept of carpooling is a valuable solution for cost and fuel effective traveling, it is relevant to enhance its success and to spread the idea in growing urban areas. Thus, considering users’ diverse demands and wishes, and a diligent implementing of carpooling system refinements is promising.
Facebook as a Source for Human-Centered Engineering: Web Mining-Based Reconstruction of Stakeholder Perspectives on Energy Systems
Authors: Trevisan Bianka , Eraßme Denise , Hemig Tim , Kowalewski Sylvia , Kluge Johanna , Himmel Simon , Borg Anna , Jakobs Eva-Maria , Ziefle Martina
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a new approach in acceptance research is presented analyzing Facebook-user profiles and text data of stakeholders for purposes of human-centered engineering. Thereby, data from topic-specific German Facebook-pages are collected by means of a self-developed Facebook-parser and analyzed semi-automatically with Web Mining-methods applying a multi-level annotation scheme for sentiment analysis. The aim of the analysis is to get insights about (1) who is discussing energy systems in the Web, (2) how users evaluate energy systems (positive, negative, neutral), and (3) which gender-related differences in user discussions (acceptance factors) can be observed. As an application example, the renewable energy form deep geothermal energy is used, which has increasingly become subject of public discussion in the context of the German energy turnaround. The results of the Facebook-study show that in human-centered engineering of energy systems gender-sensitivity is of major importance: Men are primarily focusing on the overall economic efficiency and the environment protection, women pay more attention to costs and benefits that affect themselves. Thus, engineers of complex energy systems such as geothermal energy should therefore take into consideration the aspect of divergent gender perspectives.
Evaluating Firefighter Crawling Performance in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Davis Jerry , Tang Ruoliang , Sesek Rich , Gallagher Sean
Published: February 2022

State mandated firefighter training is both highly structured and physically challenging. Firefighting is typically performed in harsh environments, necessitating personal protective equipment (PPE) which adds weight, restricts mobility, and decreases metabolic heat removal. For the most part, firefighter training is highly controlled and repetitive in nature, with each trainee performing required training exercises numerous times under close supervision. One such skill involves crawling, which is a physically intensive activity that firefighters utilize during training exercises, indoor fire suppression, and search and rescue activities. The ability to have firefighters crawl nearly identical, closely observed, routes is not easily accomplished for many fire departments. This pilot study observed trainees participating in a fire department training school using a unique crawling apparatus in their curriculum. Young, healthy male firefighter trainees (N=10) participated in a crawling exercise conducted in a modified commercial semi-trailer that was configured with varying crawling paths and fitted with infra-red cameras. Trainees crawled in full turnout gear while wearing forced air respirators to complete the course. Dependent variables included heart rate, compressed air usage, and time to complete the course. Incorporating such observations and measures into firefighting training curriculums has the potential to provide instantaneous feedback to trainees on their performance, potential areas of improvement, and facilitates the comparison of their physiological performance to the demands of the crawling task.
Human Factors Contributions to Consumer Product Safety
Authors: Balci-Sinha Rana , B. Novak Bonnie
Published: February 2022

The mission of the Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction at the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, Commission) drives the Division of Human Factors to evaluate corrective action plans and propose redesigns of consumer products. Human factors studies and research focus on consumer product-related injuries, including assessing system design hazards for the general United States consumer population, ranging from newborns to seniors. These assessments include: usability, safety features, choking hazards, and evaluation of potential misuse of a product that could lead to injury or death. This paper will provide an overview of human factors work conducted at the CPSC and discuss how this specialized work contributes to reducing risk to the American public.