bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of bile acid composition in high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese diabetic rats
Authors: Nakade Yukiomi , Kitano Rena , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Kimoto Satoshi , Yamauchi Taeko , Inoue Tadahisa , Kobayashi Yuji , Ohashi Tomohiko , Sumida Yoshio , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi
Published: February 2021

Bile acid has attracted attention as a signal transmission molecule in energy metabolism. Although a high-fat diet (HFD) or obesity is known to increase hepatic fat content and alter bile acid composition, the changes in bile acid composition due to HFD or obesity remain to be elucidated. We sought to examine the bile acid composition in high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese diabetic rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty (SDTF) rats or control rats were fed an HFD. Twelve weeks post the commencement of HFD, serum and hepatic bile acid compositions and serum GLP-1 levels, which is stimulated by the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), were measured. The correlation between the bile acid composition and serum GLP-1 levels was also examined. While serum and hepatic levels of cholic acid (CA), a primary bile acid, tended to decrease in HFD-fed control rats, they were significantly decreased in HFD-fed SDTF rats. Hepatic CYP8B1, which plays a role in CA synthesis, the mRNA levels were significantly decreased in HFD-fed control and SDTF rats. In contrast, while serum and hepatic DCA levels were not changed in HFD-fed control rats, they were decreased in HFD-fed SDTF rats. Hepatic DCA/CA did not change in HFD-fed SDTF rats, but significantly increased in HFD-fed control rats. While serum GLP-1 levels were not changed in SDTF rats, they were significantly increased in HFD-fed control rats. Hepatic DCA/CA tended to correlate with serum GLP-1 levels, which tended to negatively correlate with the hepatic triglyceride content in SDTF rats. These results indicate that relatively increased DCA might contribute to an increase in serum GLP-1 levels, which inhibits hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
Molecular and electrophysiological features of spinocerebellar ataxia type seven in induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Burman Richard J. , Watson Lauren M. , Smith Danielle C. , Raimondo Joseph V. , Ballo Robea , Scholefield Janine , Cowley Sally A. , Wood Matthew J. A. , Kidson Susan H. , Greenberg Leslie J.
Published: February 2021

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the ATXN7 gene. Patients with this disease suffer from a degeneration of their cerebellar Purkinje neurons and retinal photoreceptors that result in a progressive ataxia and loss of vision. As with many neurodegenerative diseases, studies of pathogenesis have been hindered by a lack of disease-relevant models. To this end, we have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a cohort of SCA7 patients in South Africa. First, we differentiated the SCA7 affected iPSCs into neurons which showed evidence of a transcriptional phenotype affecting components of STAGA (ATXN7 and KAT2A) and the heat shock protein pathway (DNAJA1 and HSP70). We then performed electrophysiology on the SCA7 iPSC-derived neurons and found that these cells show features of functional aberrations. Lastly, we were able to differentiate the SCA7 iPSCs into retinal photoreceptors that also showed similar transcriptional aberrations to the SCA7 neurons. Our findings give technical insights on how iPSC-derived neurons and photoreceptors can be derived from SCA7 patients and demonstrate that these cells express molecular and electrophysiological differences that may be indicative of impaired neuronal health. We hope that these findings will contribute towards the ongoing efforts to establish the cell-derived models of neurodegenerative diseases that are needed to develop patient-specific treatments.
Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children—A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus
Authors: Kitsaras George , Goodwin Michaela , Allan Julia , Pretty Iain A.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children’ wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine. This study aims to reach expert consensus on a definition of optimal bedtime routines and to propose a measurement for bedtime routines.

Method

Four-step DELPHI process completed between February and March 2020 with 59 experts from different scientific, health and social care backgrounds. The DELPHI process started with an expert discussion group and then continued with 3 formal DELPHI rounds during which different elements of the definition and measurement of bedtime routines were iteratively refined. The proposed measurement of bedtime routines was then validated against existing data following the end of the DELPHI process.

Results

At the end of the four round DELPHI process and with a consistent 70% agreement level, a holistic definition of bedtime routines for families with young children between the ages of 2 and 8 years was achieved. Additionally, two approaches for measuring bedtime routines, one static (one-off) and one dynamic (over a 7-night period) are proposed following the end of the DELPHI process. A Bland-Altman difference plot was also calculated and visually examined showing agreement between the measurements that could allow them to be used interchangeably.

Discussion

Both the definition and the proposed measurements of bedtime routines are an important, initial step towards capturing a behavioural determinant of important health and developmental outcomes in children.
Volunteerism and Voluntary Work
Authors: Laki Ildikó
Published: February 2021

This summary seeks to clarify the concept of volunteering and to identify related social actions in Hungary. Social cooperation and solidarity have been key issues of recent years and decades, in which voluntary work and selfless individual or community activities have become more and more prominent. More focus was put on volunteering in Hungary after the regime change, leading the NGO/ non-profit sector to strengthen and expand and voluntary activities to grow in importance. Voluntary work has become a value and social achievement. The study presents the development of the number of volunteers in Hungary, regional distribution of volunteers and territorial rates of volunteering, as well as the types of voluntary work and NGOs. Following the brief introduction to the history of volunteering in Hungary, the research carried out on volunteering in 2018 is described, including its key elements and highlighting future goals and expectations. The main aim of the study is to highlight what forms volunteering as a social value has taken in Hungary in the past 30 years.
The Importance of Diplomacy
Authors: Nemeskéri Dalma , Zádori Iván
Published: February 2021

After the de facto separation of China in 1949, the international community was divided on the issue which government represents the Chinese nation as a whole. Until the 1970s the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan maintained its seat in the UN, and formal ties to a significant number of countries. However, by the end of this decade, in 1980, Taipei government was left with merely 22 diplomatic allies. Our article focuses on the position of Taiwan after this shift, examining the regime’s perception of the effects of recognition and derecognition. As the Taipei government has put significant efforts into the preservation (and expansion) of diplomatic relations with states that are not considered globally influential, we examined what possible effects and consequences these ties can have on the international legal status of the entity. It has to be noted that for this purpose, only the official relations, and diplomatic allies of the ROC were considered. After describing the diplomatic activities of Taiwan, and the shifts in the number of its diplomatic allies (between 1988–2020), we found three main areas which are positively affected by these ties. They provide basis for the regime’s claim to sovereignty and statehood, and they enhance Taiwanese presence in international institutions (and indicate the unresolved nature of the entity’s international legal status). Most importantly, they help to maintain the international nature of the cross-strait conflict and contribute to preserve the status quo.
The effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918 in Hungary
Authors: Rácz Attila
Published: February 2021

The 20th century has entered the history of Europe as a constant era of wars, crises and dictatorships. This century also marked a series of trials for Hungary. The imprint and long-term effects of the historical events of the period can be well traced with the help of statistical data, therefore the aim of our study is to show how serious and difficult to remedy social, economic and demographic problems can be when people attack people, either with weapons or by another method. In the present study, we analyze the effects of World War I on marriages between 1914 and 1918.
A válság hatása a termelési tevékenységre (The impact of crisis on operations strategy and practices)
Authors: Demeter Krisztina , Szász Levente
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány fő célja a gazdasági világválság termelésre gyakorolt hatásainak bemutatása volt a versenyképesség-kutatás adatainak elemzésével. Mivel a vállalatokra a válság különbözőképpen hat, ezért érintettségük alapján a szerzők három csoportba sorolták őket. Az irodalom felhasználásával megfogalmazták a termelési stratégiára és a termelés működési következményeire vonatkozó hipotéziseiket. Eredményeik alapján a válsággal leginkább érintett vállalatok rendelkeznek a legstabilabb termelési stratégiával és gyakorlattal. Ugyanakkor a válság következtében az ár és a szolgáltatások stratégiai szerepe minden vállalatnál erősödött, az innovációé viszont visszaesett. A válság egyik vállalatcsoportnál sem eredményezte a megmaradó munkaerő fejlesztésének ugrásszerű növekedését. A folyamatfejlesztés erősödése, illetve a globális irányba mozdulás csak a legkevésbé érintett csoportnál volt jellemző. ___________________ The objective of this article is to describe the impact of the world economic crisis on operations using the data of the competitiveness survey. Since the crisis affects companies differently, the authors classified them into three groups: the most affected, the moderately affected and the least affected group, accordingly. Relying on the literature they formed hypotheses about the impact of crisis on operations strategy and its everyday operational consequences. Based on the authors’ results the most affected companies have the most stable operations strategy and practices. Nevertheless, due to the crisis the importance of prices and services increased, while the importance of innovation decreased in each group. At the level of everyday practice the crisis has not led to extraordinary increase in work force development. Process improvement and turning to globalization became stronger only in the least affected group.
The Brocard conjecture
Authors: Feliksiak Jan
Published: February 2021

The Brocard conjecture asserts that the number of primes, within the interval, between the squares of two subsequent primes is greater than or equal to 4. Although the number of primes within this interval varies to a great degree, there is a common ground, which makes it possible to settle this old conundrum. Three bounds are developed: the least lower bound and the lower/upper bounds. The least lower bound is implemented to prove the conjecture. The lower/upper bounds exploit the shortest such interval, namely between the twin primes. This has been done in order to establish the bounds, on the smallest number of primes within that interval. The research objective was not only to provide a true/false answer, but to clarify some aspects of the distribution of prime numbers within this interval as well.
Dynamika współczesności w zwierciadle leksyki
Authors: Długosz Natalia
Published: February 2021

This review is a short presentation and an analysis of the book Динамика и иновации в лексикалната система на българския език, published in 2019 in Plovdiv. The book consists of nine parts, each dealing with a different type of linguistic processes (archaisation, terminologisation and determinologisation, lexicalisation, univerbation, neologisation, internationalisation) occurring in the lexical system of contemporary Bulgarian. Linguistic changes in the lexical sphere are presented in the context of dynamic changes in the methods of communication, determined by non-linguistic reality. The monograph deals with new vocabulary, from the end of the 20th century to the present day. It contains a synthetic review of certain positions within the scope of the discussed linguistic processes. An effort was also made to organise the terminology used in Bulgarian linguistic studies. The advantage of the monograph resides in the original propositions for the interpretation of individual phenomena and the author’s own propositions for definitions. What makes the publication particularly interesting is the presentation of an experimental study in the field of examining language competence and language memory of those Bulgarian language users who represent the generation of today’s students.
Bayesian Frequentists: Examining the Paradox Between What Researchers Can Conclude Versus What They Want to Conclude From Statistical Results
Authors: Haucke Matthias , Miosga Jonas , Hoekstra Rink , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: February 2021

A majority of statistically educated scientists draw incorrect conclusions based on the most commonly used statistical technique: null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Frequentist techniques are often claimed to be incorrectly interpreted as Bayesian outcomes, which suggests that a Bayesian framework may fit better to inferences researchers frequently want to make (Briggs, 2012). The current study set out to test this proposition. Firstly, we investigated whether there is a discrepancy between what researchers think they can conclude and what they want to be able to conclude from NHST. Secondly, we investigated to what extent researchers want to incorporate prior study results and their personal beliefs in their statistical inference. Results show the expected discrepancy between what researchers think they can conclude from NHST and what they want to be able to conclude. Furthermore, researchers were interested in incorporating prior study results, but not their personal beliefs, into their statistical inference.
A DECISÃO JUDICIAL NO ENTREATO DA SUBJETIVIDADE E DA OBJETIVIDADE:
Authors: De Almeida Débora de Souza
Published: February 2021

Na área processual penal, muito se discute acerca da problemática da influência de fatores extralegais ou extrajurídicos nas decisões judiciais, as quais, segundo a Teoria da Reação Social, materializam um dos âmbitos do processo de criminalização secundária. O juiz-homem, enquanto um ser-no-mundo, está sujeito aos influxos de seu entorno, numa dinâmica que, consoante a literatura criminológica, formará em maior ou menor medida as suas meta-regras, responsáveis por influenciar sua forma de ver e interpretar o mundo. Nesta direção, o artigo que ora se apresenta trata, ainda que brevemente, da atividade interpretativa do juiz, e, neste tanto, da incidência das meta-regras enquanto fatores extralegais ou extrajurídicos na decisão judicial penal. Neste embalo, haverá espaço para a abordagem das condições de neutralidade e de imparcialidade no exercício da função jurisdicional, assinalando incidentalmente as Teorias da Espiral do Silêncio e da Dissonância Cognitiva. Por derradeiro, mas sem esgotar o tema, serão apontadas algumas alternativas para tornar efetiva a garantia da imparcialidade ante o ilusório estado de neutralidade, associando ao debate notas sobre os modelos do juspaleopositivismo e do ativismo judicial.
Phase Equilibria of the MnTe-Sb2Te3 System and Synthesis of Novel Ternary Layered Compound – MnSb4Te7
Authors: Orujlu E.N. , Aliev Z.S. , Amiraslanov I.R. , Babanly M.B.
Published: February 2021

By using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) techniques, the phase diagram of the MnTe-Sb2Te3 system has been constructed for the first time in the entire composition range. The system features two ternary layered van der Waals (vdW) compounds. Apart from known MnSb2Te4, novel MnSb4Te7 which a structural analogous of the known MnBi4Te7 was found in the system. Crystal structure parameters of both compounds were determined by Rietveld refinement using the fundamental parameter approach. Both compounds were found to decompose via peritectic reactions and possess significant homogeneity ranges. The title system is also characterized by the existence of the wide solid solution field based on the starting Sb2Te3. The present results would be useful for the bulk single crystal growth of both compounds from the liquid phase via the determination of primary crystallization areas.
Interaction of Components in the Lu-Ag-Si System at 500 ºC
Authors: Belan B. , Dzevenko M. , Daszkiewicz M. , Gladyshevskii R.
Published: February 2021

Isothermal section of the Lu-Ag-Si system at 500ºC was studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure and EDX-analyses in the whole concentration range. The existence of earlier reported binary compounds LuAg4, LuAg2, LuAg and LuSi2, LuSi, Lu5Si3, Lu5Si4 was confirmed. New binary compound Lu3Si5 (own str. type) was found. Almost none of the binary silicides dissolve more than 5 at.% of third component. The exception is the existence of the substitution type solid solutions based on LuAg2 (MoSi2-type structure), which dissolves up to 20 at.% Si, as well as on Lu5Si3 (Mn5Si3-type structure), which dissolves up to 15 at.% Ag. The crystal structure of the LuSi compound was redetermined by X-ray single crystal diffraction (TlI-type, space group Cmcm, a = 4.1493(3), b = 10.2641(7), c = 3.7518(2) Å, R = 0.0173, wR = 0.0415 for 173 independent reflections). No ternary compound is observed in the Lu-Ag-Si system.
M. YU. LERMONTOV’S POEM SVIDANIE (1841): TEXTUAL HISTORY, ARCHITECTONICS, MEANING
Authors: Kiseleva Irina , Potashova Ksenia
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the formation of the poetics of the 1841 poem by M. Yu. Lermontov’s Svidanie (Rendez-vous) from first to final draft. The reconstruction of the creative history of the text allows us to imagine the peculiarities of M. Yu. Lermontov’s reasoning, his path to the creation of artistic reality in its spatial and objective design. Landscape details, visual plans, and the image of the lyrical hero change in the creative process. The novelty of research has a factual (for the first time the process of creating a poem is presented in as much detail as possible) and interpretative character, associated with the clarification of Lermontov’s poetics and worldview. The poem is interpreted as a contamination of reality, dream and transitional states, with particular attention paid to the poetics of dreams. The incompleteness of the text is presented as an aesthetic device for the reliable portrayal of the sleep phenomenon. The poem is understood as an aesthetically and metaphysically integral text, in which the author manifests himself as a person with knowledge and experience of spiritual life.
KAMENNOOSTROVSKY CYCLE OF ALEXANDER PUSHKIN AS EASTER TEXT: MIMESIS, PARAPHRASIS, CATHARSIS. ARTICLE 1
Authors: Esaulov Ivan
Published: February 2021

The article examines the artistic logic of the development of the Kamennoostrovsky Cycle by Alexander Pushkin, arguing for the presence of an Easter narrative in it. The fact that the author did not complete his last cycle, and the difficulty in determining the composition of the cycle leads to a variety of interpretations. Nonetheless, the work proves the need to limit arbitrary interpretations to the indication of the numbering of poems within the cycle, which was provided by the author himself. It is methodologically correct for a researcher to proceed from the following sequence of texts recognized by all Pushkin scholars: II. “Desert fathers and women are blameless” — III. “(Imitation of Italian)” — IV. “Worldly Power”. Since the prayer of Ephraim the Syrian is paraphrased in text II, referring the reader to Great Lent and Holy Week, in text III Pushkin refers to the betrayal of Judas, in text IV — to the crucifixion of Christ, the surviving author's “backbone” of the cycle is strictly correlated with the middle of Holy Week. The artistic logic of the cycle is substantiated, leading to the correct reading of the superscript over the poem “(From Pindemonti),” namely, No. I. The missing (not numbered by Pushkin) links of the author's poetic construction are reconstructed: “In vain I run to the Zion heights”, “When outside the city, thoughtful, I wander” and “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”. Using the categories of mimesis, paraphrasis and catharsis, presented here as a single system of concepts in their interconnection, the poetics of both Pushkin's individual poems and the unity of the cycle are described. The first article offers a new understanding of the first five poems of the Kamennoostrovsky Cycle. The second part of the work is devoted to Pushkin's “Monument.”
Mouse-like rodents and shrews in Kharkiv Oblast (Ukraine): species composition, distribution, and current state of populations
Authors:   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv (Kharkiv, Ukraine), Markovska Oksana , Tkach Hennadiy
Published: February 2021

Since 1957, zoologists of the Kharkiv Sanitary and Epidemiological Station have been conducting annual monitoring of small mammals in Kharkiv Oblast. To assess the current state of populations of mouse-like rodents and shrews, we analysed a dataset for the period from 2000 to 2018. The small mammal fauna was studied at 117 sites in 27 districts (raions) of Kharkiv Oblast. Various types of oak forests, dry and floodplain meadows, riparian vegetation, steppe areas, forest stripes, gardens, fields, and haystacks were examined. Four species of insectivores and 16 species of mouse-like rodents were identified. The dominant and widespread species in the region are Sylvaemus uralensis, Apodemus agrarius, Sorex araneus, Microtus levis, Myodes glareolus, and Sylvaemus tauricus. Some species are less common and in some areas of the region have not yet been identified, including Sorex minutus, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Crocidura suaveolens, Micromys minutus, Cricetulus migratorius, and Microtus oeconomus. The least common species with single records include Neomys fodiens, Mus spicilegus, Lagurus lagurus, Terricola subterraneus, Dryomys nitedula, and Arvicola amphibius. Indigenous species of the region include seven species, another seven species are those that increased their number and range, three species have recently appeared in the region due to dispersal from adjacent territories, while, on the contrary, the abundance and range of three species have declines. Microtus oeconomus is characterised by a current southward range expansion. Myodes glareolus, which was mentioned in the last century north of our region, is now widely distributed throughout the region and further south. Lagurus lagurus is an invasive species with periodic population outbreaks in the region and currently is rarely recorded.
Vadym Topachevsky, an outstanding zoologist and manager of science (to the re-searcher’s 90th anniversary)
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Emelyanov Igor , Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: February 2021

The life of Vadym Oleksandrovych Topachevsky and his contribution to the development of science is considered. V. O. Topachevsky was the most famous palaeomammalogist of Eastern Europe, long-term head of the palaeontological department of the now National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, director of Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the Ukrainian SSR, founder and editor-in-chief of a number of important Ukrainian zoological publications, and academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Vadym Oleksandrovych was at the origins of systematic palaeontological expeditions to key sites of the Quaternary period, participated in the development of serial collections of small mammals and of the research techniques of faunal complexes based on the analysis of samples characterising the micromammal fauna of a particular section. Research by V. O. Topachevsky is devoted to such fundamental branches of zoology as taxonomy, phylogenetics, historical faunistics, evolutionary morphology, and zoogeography. The scientist paid much attention to biostratigraphy and palaeogeography. He solved complex issues of taxonomy and parataxonomy in relation to extinct and modern representatives of fauna, justified the establishing of a number of new to science taxa of extinct mammals. Among the outstanding achievements of Vadym Topachevsky of great importance is the creation of a comprehensive association scheme of development of communities, which explains the changes in the fauna of small mammals of the late Pliocene, Eopleistocene and Pleistocene of the Northern Black Sea Region, as well as the development and justification of the biozonal stratigraphic scheme of the late Miocene and Pliocene of the Eastern Paratethys. He is the author of 8 monographs and supervisor of 11 candidate and 2 doctoral dissertations. Vadym Oleksandrovych formed a powerful scientific department and prepared a worthy scientific change, the works of which are well known to specialists. His achievements were awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, the titles of Academician of the NAS of Ukraine, Honoured Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, and he won the I. I. Schmalhausen Prize of the NAS of Ukraine. The palaeontological exhibition of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine was named after the scientist in 2005. The list of Vadym Topachevsky’s main scientific works is given as well.
Facial Mask Formulation Enriched with Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) Extract and Their Activity as Antioxidants and Antibacterials
Authors: Hendrawati Hendrawati , Azizah Yulyani Nur , Hapsari Niah Kusuma
Published: February 2021

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are useful for skin health as an additional ingredient for cosmetics, such as facial mask. This study aims to determine the optimum formula of Moringa leaves extract in powder mask, evaluate its activity as an antioxidant and antibacterial, while also ascertaining its characteristics, based on the quality requirements of SNI 16-6070-1999 and SNI 16-4399-1996 for cosmetics and skin moisturizers, respectively. Facial mask formula was made through various concentrations of Moringa leaves methanol extract 12.5%, 17.5%, 25%, and 35%, with its optimum formulation determined by panelists’ preference level, based on organoleptic test results. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was carried out, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method, while that of the antibacterial towards Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was performed, through the use of the diffusion technique, with the active compound also being analyzed, using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry). The results however, showed that the antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the facial mask formula were lower than when in their extract form. The facial mask formula with the addition of 35% Moringa leaves extract (F4), had the highest inhibitory value of 66,04%, while the antibacterial activity against S. aureus occured at concentrations ≥ 0.125 g/mL. Also, the result of GC-MS analysis of Moringa leaves extract, showed quinic (peak 7, Rt = 21,165 minutes) and linoleic acid as the highest peak (peak 12, Rt = 29,439 minutes). Based on panelists' preference level, the result of Anova and Duncan Test analysis showed that the most optimum facial mask product was with 17.5% Moringa leaves extract (F2), with a score of 3.29. Therefore, all characterization of mask formula with 12.5%, 17.5%, 25%, and 35% additional amount of Moringa leaves extract, have met up with the requirements for SNI 16-6070-1999 and SNI 16-4380-1996 criterias, together with the pH value of 5.45 - 6.02, specific gravity 1 g/mL, emulsion stability 96.57 - 97.05%, and negative microbial contamination.
Formation of the Ecosystem of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation: Institutional Aspect
Authors: Inshakova Elena
Published: February 2021

Based on the methodology of evolutionary economics and economic genetics in the development of foreign and Russian theoretical approaches to the study of the essence and content of ecosystems in modern economic science and their identification in economic practice, the article substantiates the objective necessity and significance of creating an institutional ecosystem of digital economy that is relevant to the priorities of the neo-industrialization of Russia as a part of the transition to the 6th technological mode. It is substantiated that the institutional ecosystem is an integral and obligatory component of the socio-economic ecosystem of digital economy. Main components of the institutional ecosystem of the digital economy of the Russian Federation are highlighted in the logical accordance with its structural elements (institutions, organizations and institutes that contribute to ensuring effective economic activity in the digital environment). The institutional barriers that impede technological modernization and digital transformation of modern Russian economy (non-systematic formation of the institutional environment of digital economy, discreteness of its institutional space in territorial, administrative and demographic aspects; underestimation of the role of the state institutions and state control mechanisms for the implementation of the digital scenario of economic development, etc. were identified. The author proposes the system of measures to overcome them, including: increasing the level of homogeneity and continuity of the institutional space of digital economy to ensure uniform “rules of the game” for participants in digital economic interactions; systematic formation of the institutional matrix, reflecting the structure of relations between the main institutional actors (government, business, consumers); activation of informal institutions of digital economy based on increasing the digital culture of entrepreneurs and citizens, developing their competencies in the digital consumption field, ensuring information security; overcoming institutional traps that reproduce opportunistic behavior in the digital environment and reduce the transactional effects of using digital technologies in the economic turnover.
For the Love of Writing: Writing as a Form of (Self-) Love
Authors: Kelenyi Gabrielle Isabel
Published: February 2021

In this paper, I describe my writing process and theorize it as an act of self-love by examining what makes writing hard for me and what makes it easy for me; additionally, I present a brief argument for teaching writing as or for love as a manner by which to avoid (re)producing systemic inequities in literacy education. As such, this autoethnography aims to inform readers of my lived experience as a writer and, in so doing, share ways in which writing instruction in school contexts can help students develop individualized writing processes that help them love writing even when it’s hard.
Making Space for What Lies in the Interstices: The Composing Practices of Single Moms
Authors: Hanson Alex
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the composition practices of three single moms across academic ranks and single mom identities in order to expand our understanding in Composition and Rhetoric of how composing processes are influenced by lived experience and material circumstances. Drawing on composition process research, I argue for the need to give greater attention to the individual composing practices of those with marginalized identities in order to strengthen our work in Comp/Rhet as teachers, mentors, and colleagues. Written in a style that combines testimonios and analysis, this article pushes and expands our understanding of what counts as composition practice, why composition practice does not happen, and how composition practices in and out of the classroom can be valuable resources.
Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento: Pressupostos, Procedimentos e Medidas
Authors: Weydmann Gibson , Cauduro Giovanna Nunes , Hauck Filho Nelson , Bizarro Lisiane
Published: February 2021

Resumo A Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento (RST) é um modelo psicobiológico de personalidade derivado de estudos experimentais com humanos e não humanos. Na RST, duas dimensões de personalidade influenciam a reatividade ao ambiente: sensibilidade à recompensa (SR) e sensibilidade à punição (SP). O pressuposto central da teoria é de que há uma relação entre personalidade (SR e SP) e aprendizagem por condicionamento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar aos pesquisadores brasileiros a história, as hipóteses centrais e os procedimentos experimentais da RST e discutir as medidas utilizadas para testar os pressupostos da teoria. A RST é um modelo promissor para o estudo da personalidade dentro da psicologia experimental, psiquiatria e neurociências.
Implementation of a standard work routine using Lean Manufacturing tools: A case Study
Authors: Santos Diego Michael Cornelius dos , Santos Bruna Karine dos , Santos César Gabriel dos
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Due to technological advances, trade politicies and society's consumption patterns, competitiveness among companies has increased considerably, requiring practices that provide a constant improvement in production indicators and product quality. In this context, the use of Toyota Production System tools, also known as Lean Manufacturing, have a fundamental role in the elimination of waste and continuous improvement of industrial production levels. Thus, this work aims to implement a standardized work routine among employees working in a market of parts in an Agricultural Machinery industry, which lacks production methods. To represent this situation, real data were used, which correspond to the needs of the assembly line, and which served as the basis for the analysis and implementation of a new work routine. The results obtained enabled the creation of a standardized work routine, which was obtained by balancing activities between operators and eliminating activities that did not add value to the product.
Vaccines for COVID-19 - state of the art
Authors: Lima Eduardo Jorge da Fonseca , Almeida Amalia Mapurunga , Kfouri Renato de Ávila
Published: February 2021

Abstract Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have diverse compositions, from traditional inac-tivated virus vaccines to various new-generation vaccines. Currently, approximately 175 research teams worldwide are studying various vaccine possibilities as the necessityto vacci-nate the entire population against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is urgent. Although, the development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is not easy, the manufacturing, distribution, and administration of the vaccine can also face extraordinary challenges. In this review, we enhance some of the current knowledge regarding the clinical trial phases on different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, its potential strengths and disadvantages, and to discuss ethical aspects and their chances of success in large-scale applications.
The role of telehealth in sexual and reproductive health services in the response to COVID-19
Authors: Ferreira Ana Laura Carneiro Gomes , Souza Ariani Impieri
Published: February 2021

Abstract This opinion article brings considerations about advantages and challenges with the use of telehealth in sexual and reproductive health services aiming family planning in the face of COVID-19 pandemic new scenario.
Estudantes de Medicina no enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil: reflexões éticas
Authors: Freitas Cleide Aparecida de , Arruda Gustavo Freitas Alves de , Arruda Giovanna Cecília Freitas Alves de , Feitosa Saulo Ferreira
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: In times of pandemics, the uncertainties and lack of evidence allow each country to conduct its response as it deems the most appropriate. This setting also facilitates the approval of public measures without adequate ethical analysis, due to its inherent urgency. With that said, the objective of this study is to promote a hermeneutical approach to the Brazilian Government proposals of including medical students in the fight against COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic through an ethical perspective. Development: The governmental resolutions, published in the Brazilian Official Gazette, were discussed in the light of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) and the Brazilian Medical Student Code of Ethics (CEEM), as the first one guides the debate through a pluralist, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary bioethics, and the latter brings specified guidance to the studied population group. To better articulate the discussion, the main measures were subdivided into 3 sections: about the risk assessment; about the participation of 5th- and 6th-year students; about the early graduation. In the first one, the creation of participation alternatives has been proposed, including remote participation, without direct contact with patients, aiming to ensure the students’ integrity and to maximize the potential positive effects with minimum harm. After that, the predicted obligatory enrollment for undergraduate students attending the final years of medical school and the possibility of obtaining credit hours for the curricular internship in exchange for participation in the strategic action “O Brasil Conta Comigo” were assessed. Finally, the graduation anticipation and the need for a guarantee that the new graduates have the required knowledge and expertise for the medical profession were questioned. Conclusions: For an effective response against the disease, it’s necessary to collectively structure the adopted measures, benefiting from the capabilities that the students already have, while respecting their limitations, vulnerabilities, and freedoms. It should also be emphasized that any ethical decisions in the context of Medicine and of future generations of professionals can have immeasurable consequences for these individuals, their patients, and communities and thus, one must ensure that the benefits will be the best and greatest possible.
CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE MONTREAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL FEEDING SCALE INTO BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Authors: Diniz Patricia Barcellos , Fagondes Simone Chaves , Ramsay Maria
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To cross-culturally adapt and validate the Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH-FS) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The MCH-FS, originally validated in Canada, was validated in Brazil as Escala Brasileira de Alimentação Infantil (EBAI) and developed according to the following steps: translation, production of the Brazilian Portuguese version, testing of the original and the Brazilian Portuguese versions, back-translation, analysis by experts and by the developer of the original questionnaire, and application of the final version. The EBAI was applied to 242 parents/caregivers responsible for feeding children from 6 months to 6 years and 11 months of age between February and May 2018, with 174 subjects in the control group and 68 ones in the case group. The psychometric properties evaluated were validity and reliability. Results: In the case group, 79% of children were reported to have feeding difficulties, against 13% in the control group. The EBAI had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.79). Using the suggested cutoff point of 45, the raw score discriminated between cases and controls with a sensitivity of 79.4% and specificity of 86.8% (area under the ROC curve=0.87). Conclusions: The results obtained in the validation process of the EBAI demonstrate that the questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties and, thus, can be used to identify feeding difficulties in Brazilian children from 6 months to 6 years and 11 months of age.
Entrevista narrativa com pessoas em situação de rua com transtornos mentais: relato de experiência
Authors: Pereira Letícia Passos , Wetzel Christine , Pavani Fabiane Machado , Olschowsky Agnes , Moraes Bárbara Maix , Klein Evelyn
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo relatar a experiência do uso da entrevista narrativa com pessoas em situação de rua com transtornos mentais. Método relato de experiência realizada em uma capital do Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a outubro de 2019. Resultados a aplicação da entrevista narrativa desenvolveu-se em duas etapas: aproximação com o campo e seleção dos participantes; e construção da narrativa. A primeira envolveu uma inserção em um Consultório na Rua e possibilitou a identificação e o desenvolvimento de vínculo com os usuários. A segunda ocorreu com o desenvolvimento da entrevista narrativa e envolveu os seguintes passos: contato e negociação, história principal e fase de questionamentos. Conclusão a entrevista narrativa se apresenta como ferramenta metodológica com potencial para a construção de itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas em situação de rua com transtornos mentais, contextualizando suas opções na busca pelo seu cuidado na perspectiva de suas histórias de vida. Implicação para a prática a entrevista narrativa possibilita fazer-se ouvir em histórias frequentemente negligenciadas. Por ter como foco central a construção de sentidos por parte de quem vivencia determinada realidade, permitiu a reconstrução desses, possibilitando novos olhares e insights em relação à própria experiência de quem relatava.