bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Lipödem in Abgrenzung zur Adipositas. Parallelen und Herausforderungen in der Praxis
Authors: Rapprich Stefan , ter Balk Hendrikje , Hirsch Tobias
Published: November 2022

Das Krankheitsbild Lipödem erfährt in den letzten Jahren vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Überschneidungen mit der Adipositas machen eine Abgrenzung mitunter schwierig. Diese ist aber für eine differenzierte zielgerichtete Therapie wichtig.

Definition und Klinik Beim Lipödem handelt es sich um eine schmerzhafte, anlagebedingte, übermäßige Fettgewebsvermehrung an den Extremitäten bei Frauen. Das führt zu einer Disproportion der Körpersilhuette. Erste Symptome manifestieren sich häufig in der Pubertät, der Verlauf ist meist progredient. Charakteristische Symptome sind Ruhe- und Druckschmerzen, Hämatomneigung, Spannungs- und Schwellungsgefühle, rasche Ermüdung der Muskulatur und Ödeme, die aber stadienabhängig inkonsistent sind. 25–88 % der Lipödem-Patientinnen leiden gleichzeitig an einer Adipositas.

Prävalenz Je nach Studie 5–9,7 %, entsprechend 2–4 Millionen Frauen in Deutschland.

Ätiologie Es besteht eine familiäre Disposition. Hormonelle Veränderungen sind Triggerfaktoren und lassen auf hormonelle Einflüsse schließen. Im Gewebe findet sich eine leichte chronische Entzündung (Silent Inflammation), welche die Symptomatik erklärt.

Diagnostik Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch und muss von anderen Fettverteilungsstörungen unterschieden werden. Der BMI ist nicht geeignet. Es sollte der Bauchumfang-Größen-Quotient (BCG = WHtR Waist to Height-Ratio) herangezogen werden.

Therapie interdisziplinärer Therapieansatz, der neben der konservativen Entstauungstherapie, der operativen Therapie mittels Liposuktion auch die Ernährungs-, Bewegungs- und Psychotherapie umfasst.
The Influence of Levothyroxine on Body Composition and Physical
Performance in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Hanke Lars , Poeten Pascal , Spanke Leroy , Britz Stephanie , Diel Patrick
Published: November 2022

Levothyroxine is commonly used to treat hypothyroidism. This study investigates
how far the intake of L-T4 influences body composition, energy expenditure,
respiratory quotient as well as strength, endurance and mobility in
premenopausal women who suffer from subclinical hypothyroidism. Twenty-five
women (27.36±5.77 years) with subclinical hypothyroidism were included
in the study. The intake of levothyroxine was assumed. Subjects were examined
immediately after study inclusion, after two months of levothyroxine use, and
after TSH was fully adjusted to the reference range. In all measurements TSH,
fT3 and fT4 were determined, body weight, body composition, energy expenditure
and the respiratory quotient were measured, and a test battery was performed to
identify strength, mobility and endurance capacity. TSH decreased from
5.95±0.99 μIU/ml at study inclusion to 1.2±0.33
μIU/ml after final trial. No change in weight, BMI, muscle mass,
fat mass, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient was observed
(p>0.05). A significant improvement in chest press (p=0.002),
leg extension (p<0.001), right-hand grip strength (p=0.009)
shoulder mobility (p<0.001), hip mobility (p=0.07), explosive
strength (p=0.041) and the anaerobic threshold (p=0.13) was
identified. Likewise, a non-significant (p=0.298) increase in left-hand
grip strength could be detected.In summary, although levothyroxine does not
positively affect body composition, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient,
it can improve strength, mobility and endurance performance. For this reason,
treatment with levothyroxine is recommended to improve exercise capacity in
subclinical hypothyroidism.
Desymmetrization of a Propane-1,3-diol to Introduce the Quaternary Chiral Center of an AMG 176 Drug Substance Intermediate
Authors: Faul Margaret M. , Ananthoji Padmini K. , Arunachalampillai Athimoolam , Beaver Matthew G. , Fang Yuan-Qing , Hedley Simon J. , Lucas Brian S. , Tedrow Jason S.
Published: November 2022

A chiral Cu(II)-PyBOX complex was prepared and utilized to accomplish desymmetrization of a 1,3-diol en route to AMG 176. An expedient synthesis of the racemic 1,3-diol is described, in addition to efforts for rapid optimization and subsequent kilogram-scale execution of the desymmetrization process to generate material for pre-clinical activities. An overview of the kilogram-scale synthesis of the Cu(II)-PyBOX complex is provided.
Gestational Choriocarcinoma Manifesting as Spontaneous Hemothorax in Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Devaraj Suma , Panda Soumya Surath , Sahu Debasish , Mohapatra Debahuti , Agarwal Beena Devi , Biswas Ghanashyam , Moharana Lalatendu , Kilaru Sindhu , Kolluri Spoorthy
Published: November 2022

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the trophoblastic tissue. It is rarely seen in association with advanced intrauterine pregnancy. Most common manifestations are due to bleeding caused by the rich vascularity of trophoblastic tissue. We describe here a case of a 28-year-old female patient who presented to us at 32 weeks of pregnancy with sudden onset dyspnea and hemodynamic instability. On evaluation, imaging techniques revealed a gross left hemothorax requiring intercostal tube insertion for stabilization. Emergency thoracotomy and hemothorax drainage were performed wherein a tumor mass in the lower lobe of left lung was identified and resected. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Beta HCG levels were found to be elevated. Final diagnosis of a FIGO stage IV high-risk gestational choriocarcinoma was made. Following this, six cycles of multi-agent EMA-CO chemotherapy was administered to the patient. Patient had an excellent response to treatment with documented serial fall in β HCG levels and she continues to be in remission after 6 months of follow-up. In conclusion, in the circumstance of any pregnant women presenting with abnormal bleeding symptoms such as hemothorax, choriocarcinoma as a cause should be considered for early diagnosis and effective management.
Surgical and Interventional Management of Lung Metastasis: Surgical Assessment, Resection, Ablation, Percutaneous Interventions
Authors: Stefanou Amalia J.
Published: November 2022

The lungs are the second most common site of metastases for colorectal cancer after the liver. Pulmonary metastases can be identified at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor, or metachronously. About 20% of patients with colorectal cancer will develop pulmonary metastases. The best options for treatment include a multidisciplinary treatment approach consisting of surgical resection whenever possible, and chemotherapy. Surgical options most often include minimally invasive segmentectomy or wedge resection, while patients unable to have surgery may benefit from radio frequency ablation or radiation treatment. Prognosis is dependent on preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, number, and location of metastatic lesions, and resectability of primary tumor. Overall, pulmonary metastases are best treated by complete resection whenever possible.
Green Hospital: Zukunft der Krankenhäuser – effizient, digital und nachhaltig
Authors: Gerhardt Malin , Raida Andrea
Published: November 2022

Die Krankenbehandlung und Gesundheitsförderung an sich entsprechen einem der 17 Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung der Vereinten Nationen. Jedoch sind Krankenhäuser darüber hinaus in Zukunft gezwungen, umweltbewusst und zu vertretbaren Kosten zu wirtschaften, um so dem Versorgungsauftrag gerecht werden zu können. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie in Zukunft ein nachhaltiges Krankenhaus gestaltet werden kann.
Arzneimittellogistik im Krankenhaus: Unit-Dose-Versorgung mit Blick auf die Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Müller Lukas , Kaczmarek Sylvia
Published: November 2022

Immer häufiger setzen Krankenhäuser auf eine Umstrukturierung der Arzneimittelversorgung im Sinne eines Closed-Loop-Medication-Managements (CLMM) durch den Einsatz von Unit-Dose. Dies verändert die Prozesse innerhalb der Apotheke, auf den Pflegestationen sowie im Transportwesen. Doch wie ist das CLMM im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit zu bewerten?
Numerical investigation of self-sustained oscillations of stall cells around a leading edge-separating airfoil
Authors: Bouchard M. , Marty J. , Deck S. , Costes M.
Published: November 2022

The flow around a stalled airfoil is investigated using zonal detached-eddy simulation (mode 2), including transition effects through a coupling with the γ−Reθ,t framework. The airfoil exhibits mixed trailing edge-leading edge stall type properties. The chord length-based Reynolds number and Mach number, respectively, amount to 1·106 and 0.16. Two computations with different initial conditions are performed for 40 and 120 chord-passing durations, respectively (or equivalently 0.23 and 0.67 s), allowing the capture of several periods of the low frequency dynamics of the flow—compared to typical von Kármán vortex shedding. A stall hysteresis is observed: the computation initiated from an attached flow remains thus, but the computation which starts from a separated flow yields a quasi-permanent low-frequency oscillatory behavior, which bifurcates to the previously attached topology after 90 chord-passing durations (0.45 s). The oscillatory phase displays events of emergence and disappearance of stall cells. The partly- and fully attached flows are validated against experimental data. The oscillatory bistable flow is then analyzed with regard to the characteristics and frequency contents of both massive separation and partial transient reattachments. It is shown that the low-frequency separated shear layer flapping at the leading edge is forced by high-frequency fluctuations, which travel from the trailing edge upstream, close to the wall in the separated flow. The flapping phenomenon displays a Strouhal number based on the front-section height of the airfoil around St=fc sin (α)/u∞≃0.02. Conversely, the high-frequency fluctuations have Strouhal numbers closer to 3, which is in close agreement with leading-edge shear-layer instability frequencies. The spectral content of the flow is then explored in search of the source of these high-frequency fluctuations. It is proposed that they stem from the instability of the trailing edge shear layer between the pressure side boundary layer and the separated flow from the suction side. Finally, a scenario describing a cycle of the low-frequency oscillation of a stall cell is proposed.
Magnetic phases of spatially modulated spin-1 chains in Rydberg excitons: Classical and quantum simulations
Authors: Sajjan Manas , Alaeian Hadiseh , Kais Sabre
Published: November 2022

In this work, we study the magnetic phases of a spatially modulated chain of spin-1 Rydberg excitons. Using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) technique, we study various magnetic and topologically nontrivial phases using both single-particle properties, such as local magnetization and quantum entropy, and many-body ones, such as pair-wise Néel and long-range string correlations. In particular, we investigate the emergence and robustness of the Haldane phase, a topological phase of anti-ferromagnetic spin-1 chains. Furthermore, we devise a hybrid quantum algorithm employing restricted Boltzmann machine to simulate the ground state of such a system that shows very good agreement with the results of exact diagonalization and DMRG.
Heterogeneous structural responses of high-rank coal pores to hydraulic fracturing based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Wang Rui , Zheng Hedan , Pan Jienan , Ge Taoyuan , Mou Pengwei , Niu Yongbin
Published: November 2022

Pores in coal are not only the main space for coalbed methane (CBM) occurrence but also the space to be opened during CBM recovery. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of hydraulic fracturing on coal pores, especially the change of adsorption pores before and after hydraulic fracturing, is of great significance to the evaluation of the hydraulic fracturing effect and CBM recovery. Hydraulic fracturing experiments and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology were used to analyze changes in the T2 curve, adsorption pore, and the effects of distance and in situ stresses on pore modification in coal samples of the Sihe (SH) and the Chengzhuang (CZ) mines before and after hydraulic fracturing. The results show that hydraulic fracturing can affect pores <10 nm. The CZ coal samples exhibit stronger heterogeneity than the SH coal samples after hydraulic fracturing, and the pore size distribution (PSD) anisotropy of the CZ samples is increased. For the SH coal samples with poor heterogeneity, the effect of hydraulic fracturing on pore transformation depends more on in situ stresses. The smaller horizontal in situ stresses difference facilitates the establishment of complex pore networks. After hydraulic fracturing, when the pore diameter is 30–100 nm, the pore volume proportions of the SH samples in the directions of maximum horizontal principal stress (σH), minimum horizontal principal stress (σh), and vertical stress (σV) increase from 43.73% to 64.84%, 59.79%, and 60.16%, respectively. Hydraulic fracturing increases the anisotropy of the PSD of the CZ samples.
Vibration method for the characterization of bubble behavior in sodium flows
Authors: Qin Min , Su Dong , Huang Lei , Peng Shiqi , Deng Yongjun , Wang Yao , Liu Zhiguo , Tian Peng
Published: November 2022

Real-time bubble behavior characterization is critical in the chemical industry, especially for leakage in sodium–water reactions. In this study, the injection of gas into sodium flows was conducted to evaluate bubble characterization methods. Simulation research was performed to dynamically characterize bubble generation, growth and bursting in flowing sodium, and experimental research was conducted to explore the time-frequency and time domain statistical characteristics of bubble signals. After gas injection, significant low-amplitude signals were observed in the time domain, the power spectral density fluctuated in the 0–20 kHz band; its spectral components were more abundant above 8 kHz, and the short-time Fourier transform of the energy spectrum exhibited a nonlinear intermittent distribution in the 8–20 kHz band. Based on these differences, the bubble signal was effectively detected when the gas injection rate was 0.11 m3/h with a signal-to-noise ratio less than 0.5 dB. Thus, this study complemented the present techniques and knowledge in the field of chemical engineering.
The profile, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of alcohol- and non-alcohol-related patient presentations to Queensland emergency departments: a multi-site observational study
Authors: Crilly Julia , East Katie , Brown Josea , Zhang Ping , Byrnes Josh , Furyk Jeremy , Duncan Jill , Jones Leonie , Brown Nathan J. , Green David , Rothwell Sean , Rosengren David
Published: November 2022

Objective The harmful use of alcohol is a global issue. This study aimed to describe and compare the profiles, emergency department (ED) clinical characteristics, and outcomes of alcohol-related ED presentations (ARPs) and non-alcohol-related ED presentations (NARPs). Methods A multi-site observational study of all presentations to four EDs between 4 April 2016 and 31 August 2017, was conducted. Routinely collected ED clinical, administrative and costings data were used. Classification of ARPs were prospectively recorded by clinicians. Analysis was performed at the presentation, rather than person level. Univariate tests were undertaken to compare demographics, ED clinical characteristics and outcomes between ARPs and NARPs. Results A total of 418 051 ED presentations occurred within the 17-month study period; 5% (n = 19 875) were ARPs. Presentations made by people classified as ARPs were younger, more likely to be male, present on weekends or at night, and arrive by ambulance or police compared to NARPs. Compared with NARPs, ARPs had a longer median ED length of stay of over 20 min (95% CI 18–22, median 196 min vs 177 min, P < 0.001), a 5.5% (95% CI 4.9–5.3) lower admission rate (36% vs 42%, P < 0.001), and a AUD69 (95% CI 64–75) more expensive ED episode-of-care (AUD689 vs AUD622, P < 0.001). Conclusion Clinically meaningful differences were noted between alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related ED presentations. The higher cost of care for ARPs likely reflects their longer time in the ED. The healthcare and economic implications of incidents of alcohol-related harm extend beyond the ED, with ARPs having higher rates of ambulance and police use than NARPs.
In silico identification of a β
2
-adrenoceptor allosteric site that selectively augments canonical β
2
AR-Gs signaling and function
Authors: Shah Sushrut D. , Lind Christoffer , De Pascali Francesco , Penn Raymond B. , MacKerell Alexander D. , Deshpande Deepak A.
Published: November 2022

Activation of β
2
-adrenoceptors (β
2
ARs) causes airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation and bronchodilation, and β
2
AR agonists (β-agonists) are front-line treatments for asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy of β-agonists is limited by agonist-induced β
2
AR desensitization and noncanonical β
2
AR signaling involving β-arrestin that is shown to promote asthma pathophysiology. Accordingly, we undertook the identification of an allosteric site on β
2
AR that could modulate the activity of β-agonists to overcome these limitations. We employed the site identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) computational method to comprehensively map the entire 3D structure of in silico-generated β
2
AR intermediate conformations and identified a putative allosteric binding site. Subsequent database screening using SILCS identified drug-like molecules with the potential to bind to the site. Experimental assays in HEK293 cells (expressing recombinant wild-type human β
2
AR) and human ASM cells (expressing endogenous β
2
AR) identified positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) of β
2
AR as assessed by regulation of β-agonist-stimulation of cyclic AMP generation. PAMs/NAMs had no effect on β-agonist-induced recruitment of β-arrestin to β
2
AR- or β-agonist-induced loss of cell surface expression in HEK293 cells expressing β
2
AR. Mutagenesis analysis of β
2
AR confirmed the SILCS identified site based on mutants of amino acids R131, Y219, and F282. Finally, functional studies revealed augmentation of β-agonist-induced relaxation of contracted human ASM cells and bronchodilation of contracted airways. These findings identify a allosteric binding site on the β
2
AR, whose activation selectively augments β-agonist-induced Gs signaling, and increases relaxation of ASM cells, the principal therapeutic effect of β-agonists.
Automorphic scalar fields in two-dimensional de Sitter space
Authors: Higuchi Atsushi , Schmieding Lasse , Blanco David Serrano
Published: November 2022

We study non-interacting automorphic quantum scalar fields with positive mass in two-dimensional de Sitter space. We find that there are no Hadamard states which are de Sitter invariant except in the periodic case, extending the result of Epstein and Moschella for the anti-periodic case. We construct the two-point Wightman functions for the non-Hadamard de Sitter-invariant states by exploiting the fact that they are functions of the geodesic distance between the two points satisfying an ordinary differential equation. We then examine a certain Hadamard state, which is not de Sitter invariant, and show that it is approximately a thermal state with the Gibbons–Hawking temperature when restricted to a static region of the spacetime.
Gamma ray detection: building a didactic proposal
Authors: Faletič Sergej , Michelini Marisa , Santi Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

A simple and economic scintillator kit in combination with a computer-based oscilloscope was used to develop a learning experience, comprised of a set of activities to introduce students in an interactive way to the physics of gamma-ray detection. The proposal for secondary school and university students is built by means of frequent on-the-fly formative assessment to collect difficulties of students and ways to overcome them. Internal decays of Lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals already present in the scintillator kit are used as sources of gamma rays, so no external sources were needed. In addition, the use of LYSO crystals offers a reason to discuss coincidence measurements, because of the inherent beta background present in the internal decay, which can be at least partially removed with coincidence measurements. The goal of the learning experience is to experience how gamma-ray detection is actually done, discussing the physics involved, motivated by the current frontline research on the detection of gamma-ray bursts.
Global Lipschitz stability of multiple space dependent ionic parameters for the MEA/hiPSC-CM assays
Authors: Ammar Hamza , Mahjoub Moncef , Zemzemi Nejib
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem of determining two space dependent ionic parameters of a strongly coupled parabolic-elliptic reaction–diffusion system arising in cardiac electrophysiology modeling when simulating drugs action with multi-electrode array/human induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiomyocytes assays. We use the bidomain model coupled to an ordinary differential equation and we consider the classical phenomenological model in cardiac electrophysiology of FitzHugh–Nagumo to describe the ionic exchanges at the microscopic level. Our main result is the uniqueness and a Lipschitz stability estimate for two ionic parameters

(
k
,
γ
)

of the model using sub-boundary observations over an interval of time. The key ingredients are a global Carleman-type estimates with a suitable observations acting on a part of the boundary.
Error estimates for Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization with Tikhonov regularization for ill–posed operator equations
Authors: Alqahtani A , Ramlau R , Reichel L
Published: November 2022

Linear ill-posed operator equations arise in various areas of science and engineering. The presence of errors in the operator and the data often makes the computation of an accurate approximate solution difficult. In this paper, we compute an approximate solution of an ill-posed operator equation by first determining an approximation of the operators of generally fairly small dimension by carrying out a few steps of a continuous version of the Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization process to the noisy operator. Then Tikhonov regularization is applied to the low-dimensional problem so obtained and the regularization parameter is determined by solving a low-dimensional nonlinear equation. The effect of the errors incurred in each step of the solution process is analyzed. Computed examples illustrate the theory presented.
A generalized adaptive Levenberg–Marquardt method for solving nonlinear ill-posed problems
Authors: Gao Guangyu , Han Bo , Long Haie
Published: November 2022

We investigate the method of regularization for the stable approximate solution to nonlinear ill-posed problems whose forward operators may not be Gâteaux differentiable. The method is designed by combining the classical Levenberg–Marquardt method with the two-point gradient iteration, and the adaptive stepsize which is related to the Tikhonov regularization parameter and the structure of the forward operator. In order to further enhance the acceleration effect, we employ a modified discrete backtracking search algorithm to determine the combination parameters involved. With the help of the concept of asymptotic stability and a generalized tangential cone condition, the convergence analysis of the proposed method is studied. Moreover, several numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and acceleration effect.
On block accelerations of quantile randomized Kaczmarz for corrupted systems of linear equations
Authors: Cheng Lu , Jarman Benjamin , Needell Deanna , Rebrova Elizaveta
Published: November 2022

With the growth of large data as well as large-scale learning tasks, the need for efficient and robust linear system solvers is greater than ever. The randomized Kaczmarz method (RK) and similar stochastic iterative methods have received considerable recent attention due to their efficient implementation and memory footprint. These methods can tolerate streaming data, accessing only part of the data at a time, and can also approximate the least squares solution even if the system is affected by noise. However, when data is instead affected by large (possibly adversarial) corruptions, these methods fail to converge, as corrupted data points draw iterates far from the true solution. A recently proposed solution to this is the quantileRK method, which avoids harmful corrupted data by exploring the space carefully as the method iterates. The exploration component requires the computation of quantiles of large samples from the system and is computationally much heavier than the subsequent iteration update. In this paper, we propose an approach that better uses the information obtained during exploration by incorporating an averaged version of the block Kaczmarz method. This significantly speeds up convergence, while still allowing for a constant fraction of the equations to be arbitrarily corrupted. We provide theoretical convergence guarantees as well as experimental supporting evidence. We also demonstrate that the classical projection-based block Kaczmarz method cannot be robust to sparse adversarial corruptions, but rather the blocking has to be carried out by averaging one-dimensional projections.
Modeling and electromechanical performance of improved smart aggregates using piezoelectric stacks
Authors: Xu Huaibing , Wen Lijie , Wang Jianjun , Li Weijie , Lan Chengming
Published: November 2022

Smart aggregates (SAs) are often formed by embedding lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches into concrete or marble blocks. They not only have the advantages of low cost, quick response, high reliability, and long service life, but also possess comprehensive actuating and sensing abilities, and have been widely used in structural health monitoring in the field of civil engineering. However, due to the plate-like geometry of the PZT patch and the limited number of layers, SAs have a relatively short sensing range. To solve this issue, a new type of SA using piezoelectric stacks was developed. Theoretical modeling of this new transducer was established, and prototypes were fabricated. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are presented, and good agreement can be found. The effects of the key parameters, including the total height of the specimen, the elastic modulus of the cement, the radius of the piezoelectric stack, the thickness of the piezoelectric layer, and the number of piezoelectric layers in the piezoelectric stack, on the electromechanical properties were analyzed, and the guidelines for optimal design were presented. In addition, the improved and the traditional SAs were used to monitor the water content in soil specimens based on the electromechanical impedance technique. The results showed that the improved SAs using piezoelectric stacks are more sensitive than the traditional ones, and have good potential in structural health monitoring in the field of civil engineering.
Intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity and real space Berry curvature induced topological Hall effect in Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy
Authors: Singh Anupam K , Shukla Gaurav K , Singh Sanjay
Published: November 2022

Anomalous and topological Hall effect (THE) are the fascinating electronic transport properties in condensed matter physics and received tremendous interest in the field of spintronics. Here, we report the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and THE in the bulk Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy. The magnetization measurement reveals the premartensite, martensite and magnetic phase transitions. A detailed analysis of AHC reveals that the intrinsic Berry phase mechanism dominates over skew scattering and side jump in all the structural phases of Ni2MnGa. Further, an additional contribution in the Hall resistivity is observed as THE. The magnitude of the THE and its temperature independent behavior indicates that the THE arises due to the real space Berry curvature induced by topologically protected magnetic skyrmion textures in the martensite and premartensite phases of Ni2MnGa. The larger magnetic field is required to vanish the topological Hall resistivity in the martensite phase in comparison to the premartensite phase, which manifests the more stable skyrmion textures in the martensite phase. The present findings open a new direction in the field of functional materials, which hosts skyrmion, exhibits anomalous transport and magnetic shape memory effect.
Fractional analytic QCD beyond leading order
Authors: Kotikov A V , Zemlyakov I A
Published: November 2022

Fractional analytic QCD is constructed beyond leading order using the standard inverse logarithmic expansion. It is shown that, contrary to the usual QCD coupling constant, for which this expansion can be used only for large values of its argument, in the case of analytic QCD, the inverse logarithmic expansion is applicable for all values of the argument of the analytic coupling constant. We present four different views, two of which are based primarily on Polylogarithms and generalized Euler ζ-functions, and the other two are based on dispersion integrals. The results obtained up to the 5th order of perturbation theory, have a compact form and do not contain complex special functions that were used to solve this problem earlier. As an example, we apply our results to study the polarized Bjorken sum rule, which is currently measured very accurately.
Effect of strain on the electronic and optical properties of (non-)metal adsorbed NbS2 monolayer
Authors: Ni JunJie , Yang Lu , Zheng Wei , Bao Jinlin
Published: November 2022

This paper investigated the performance changes brought about by the adsorption of metal and non-metal atoms on monolayer NbS2. First-principles found that the adsorption of non-metallic atoms on the monolayer NbS2 significantly changed the surface structure, with non-metallic atoms other than F intercalated into the upper S atoms. Among them, the F atom adsorption modification system changed the metallic properties of NbS2 and tended to transform into a semiconductor. Fe and Co atoms effectively change the real part of the dielectric constant, transforming NbS2 into a metamaterial. The adsorption of noble metal atoms can improve the activity of the material. Furthermore, F(Fe, Co) atoms can induce p(n)-type doping by adjusting strain. N adsorption expands the system’s electromagnetic wave absorption range and improves the material’s electrical conductivity. O and Pt adsorption significantly enhanced the polarizability and photoresponse of the material, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Application of ALARP cost-benefit analysis to hospital-based radiation protection
Authors: Kotre C J
Published: November 2022

The UK Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 require employers to restrict radiation doses to their employees and the public to be as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). This article looks at the boundary between what might be considered to be reasonable and unreasonable in protecting staff and the general public in the field of hospital-based diagnostic radiology. Guidance on cost-benefit analysis in support of ALARP has been used to formulate relationships for the estimation of the cost at which a radiation protection intervention is no longer ALARP. These relationships allow for a direct link between a reduction in radiation exposure and the maximum reasonable ALARP cost of intervention. Application of the approach to hospital-based radiation protection situations show that the ALARP cost limits for protecting radiation workers against the residual risks in the hospital environment are relatively low. Conversely, the ALARP limit to investment in public dose reduction by means of reducing patient doses can be very high.
Autonomous vehicle path planning for smart logistics mobile applications based on modified heuristic algorithm
Authors: Fusic S Julius , Sitharthan R , Masthan SAR Sheik , Hariharan K
Published: November 2022

In this study, a heuristic algorithm is used to find an optimal route for smart logistics loading and unloading applications. Various environments, such as traditional building blocks, satellite images, terrain environments, and Google map environments are developed by converting into a binary occupancy grid and used to optimize the viable path in the smart mobile logistics application. The proposed autonomous vehicle (AV) route planning navigation approach is to forecast the AV’s path until it detects an imminent obstacle, at which point it should turn to the safest area before continuing on its route. To demonstrate the path navigation results of proposed algorithms, a navigational model is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink 2D virtual environment. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, the Bat search algorithm, and its proposed variants are used to identify a smooth and violation-free path for a given application environment. The proposed variants improve the algorithm’s effectiveness in finding a violation-free path while requiring less time complexity by using cubic spline curve interpolation and its improved constriction factor. Extensive simulation and benchmark validation results show the proposed standard PSO has a significantly shorter violation-free path, quick convergence rate and takes less time to compute the distance between loading and unloading environment locations than the cooperative coevolving PSO, Bat algorithm, or modified frequency Bat algorithms.
Load and release of gambogic acid via dual-target ellipsoidal-Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-C18@dopamine hydrochloride -graphene quantum dots-folic acid and its inhibition to VX2 tumor cells
Authors: Dong Mengyang , Liu Wenwen , Yang Yuxiang , Xie Meng , Yuan Hongming , Ni Chaoying
Published: November 2022

Ellipsoidal-Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-C18@dopamine hydrochloride-graphene quantum dots-folic acid (ellipsoidal-HMNPs@PDA-GQDs-FA), a dual-functional drug carrier, was stepwise constructed. The α-Fe2O3 ellipsoidal nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and then coated with SiO2 by Stöber method. The resulting core–shell structure, Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-C18 magnetic nano hollow spheres, abbreviated as HMNPs, was finally grafted with graphene quantum dots (GQDs), dopamine hydrochloride (PDA) and folic acid (FA) by amide reaction to obtain HMNPs@PDA-GQDs-FA. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and element analysis proved the successful construction of the HMNPs@PDA-GQDs-FA nanoscale carrier-cargo composite. The carrier HMNPs@PDA-GQDs-FA has higher load (51.63 ± 1.53%) and release (38.56 ± 1.95%) capacity for gambogic acid (GA). Cytotoxicity test showed that the cell survival rate was above 95%, suggesting the cytotoxicity of the carrier-cargo was very low. The cell lethality (74.91 ± 1.2%) is greatly improved after loading GA because of the magnetic targeting of HMNPs, the targeting performance of FA to tumor cells, and the pH response to the surrounding environment of tumor cells of PDA. All results showed that HMNPs@PDA-GQDs-FA had good biocompatibility and could be used in the treatment of VX2 tumor cells after loading GA.
Automated multi-modal Transformer network (AMTNet) for 3D medical images segmentation
Authors: Zheng Shenhai , Tan Jiaxin , Jiang Chuangbo , Li Laquan
Published: November 2022

Objective. Over the past years, convolutional neural networks based methods have dominated the field of medical image segmentation. But the main drawback of these methods is that they have difficulty representing long-range dependencies. Recently, the Transformer has demonstrated super performance in computer vision and has also been successfully applied to medical image segmentation because of the self-attention mechanism and long-range dependencies encoding on images. To the best of our knowledge, only a few works focus on cross-modalities of image segmentation using the Transformer. Hence, the main objective of this study was to design, propose and validate a deep learning method to extend the application of Transformer to multi-modality medical image segmentation. Approach. This paper proposes a novel automated multi-modal Transformer network termed AMTNet for 3D medical image segmentation. Especially, the network is a well-modeled U-shaped network architecture where many effective and significant changes have been made in the feature encoding, fusion, and decoding parts. The encoding part comprises 3D embedding, 3D multi-modal Transformer, and 3D Co-learn down-sampling blocks. Symmetrically, the 3D Transformer block, upsampling block, and 3D-expanding blocks are included in the decoding part. In addition, a Transformer-based adaptive channel interleaved Transformer feature fusion module is designed to fully fuse features of different modalities. Main results. We provide a comprehensive experimental analysis of the Prostate and BraTS2021 datasets. The results show that our method achieves an average DSC of 0.907 and 0.851 (0.734 for ET, 0.895 for TC, and 0.924 for WT) on these two datasets, respectively. These values show that AMTNet yielded significant improvements over the state-of-the-art segmentation networks. Significance. The proposed 3D segmentation network exploits complementary features of different modalities during the feature extraction process at multiple scales to increase the 3D feature representations and improve the segmentation efficiency. This powerful network enriches the research of the Transformer to multi-modal medical image segmentation.
Hybrid Cerenkov-scintillation detector validation using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Jean Emilie , Lambert-Girard Simon , Therriault-Proulx François , Beaulieu Luc
Published: November 2022

Objective. This study aimed at investigating through Monte Carlo simulations the limitations of a novel hybrid Cerenkov-scintillation detector and the associated method for irradiation angle measurements. Approach. Using Monte Carlo simulations, previous experimental irradiations of the hybrid detector with a linear accelerator were replicated to evaluate its general performances and limitations. Cerenkov angular calibration curves and irradiation angle measurements were then compared. Furthermore, the impact of the Cerenkov light energy dependency on the detector accuracy was investigated using the energy spectra of electrons travelling through the detector. Main results. Monte Carlo simulations were found to be in good agreement with experimental values. The irradiation angle absolute mean error was found to be less than what was obtained experimentally, with a maximum value of 1.12° for the 9 MeV beam. A 0.4% increase of the ratio of electrons having an energy below 1 MeV to the total electrons was found to impact the Cerenkov light intensity collected as a function of the incident angle. The effect of the Cerenkov intensity variation on the measured angle was determined to vary according to the slope of the angular calibration curve. While the contribution of scattered electrons with a lower energy affects the detector accuracy, the greatest discrepancies result from the limitations of the calculation method and the calibration curve itself. Significance. A precise knowledge of the limitations of the hybrid detector and the irradiation angle calculation method is crucial for a clinical implementation. Moreover, the simulations performed in this study also corroborate hypotheses made regarding the relations between multiple Cerenkov dependencies and observations from the experimental measurements.
Collection efficiencies of ionization chambers in pulsed radiation beams: an exact solution of an ion recombination model including free electron effects
Authors: Fenwick John D , Kumar Sudhir
Published: November 2022

Objective. Boag et al (1996) formulated a key model of collection efficiency for ionization chambers in pulsed radiation beams, in which some free electrons form negatively charged ions with a density that initially varies exponentially across the chamber. This non-uniform density complicates ion recombination calculations, in comparison with Boag’s 1950 work in which a collection efficiency formula, f, was straightforwardly obtained assuming a uniform negative ion cloud. Boag et al (1996) therefore derived collection efficiency formulae f′, f″ and f′″ based on three approximate descriptions of the exponentially-varying negative ion cloud, each uniform within a region. Collection efficiencies calculated by Boag et al (1996) using these formulae differed by a maximum of 5.1% relative (at 144 mGy dose-per-pulse with 212 V applied over a 1 mm electrode separation) and all three formulae are often used together. Here an exact solution of the exponentially-varying model is obtained. Approach. The exact solution was derived from a differential equation relating the number of negative ions collected from within some distance of the anode to numbers of ions initially located within that region. Using the resulting formula, f
exp, collection efficiencies were calculated for a range of ionization chamber properties and doses-per-pulse, and compared with f, f′, f″ and f″′ values and results from an ion transport code. Main results. f
exp values agreed to 5 decimal places with ion transport code results. The maximum relative difference between f
exp and f″′, which was often closest to f
exp, was 0.78% for the chamber properties and doses-per-pulse studied by Boag et al (1996), rising to 6.1% at 1 Gy dose-per-pulse and 2 mm electrode separation. Significance. Use of f
exp should reduce ambiguities in collection efficiencies calculated using the approximate formulae, although like them f
exp does not account for electric field distortion, which becomes substantial at doses-per-pulse ≥100 mGy.
Limitations in evaluating COVID-19 protective face masks using open circuit spirometry systems: respiratory measurement mask introduces bias in breathing pressure and perceived respiratory effort
Authors: Seibt Robert , Bär Mona , Rieger Monika A , Steinhilber Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Objective. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting widespread use of protective face masks, studies have been and are being conducted to investigate potential side effects of wearing masks on the performance and physiological parameters of wearers. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether and to what extent the use of a respiratory measurement (RM) mask—which is normally used during open-circuit spirometry—influences the results of these types of studies. Approach. 34 subjects were involved in this intra-subject study with a cross-over design. Four different protective face masks, Community Mask, medical Mouth-Nose-Protection Mask, Filtering Face Piece Mask Class 2 (FFP2), and FFP2 with exhalation valve (FFP2ex), were tested at rest and during deep breathing by using or not using a RM mask (RM versus noRM). Breathing pressure inside the protective face masks was measured during inhalation and exhalation, and subjects rated breathing effort using an 11-stage Borg scale. Main results. The use of an additional RM mask—worn over the protective face masks—significantly increased inspiratory pressures under all mask conditions. The respiratory pressure rises to a level that substantially distorts the results. Expiratory pressure was also significantly increased except for the FFP2ex mask condition. The perceived respiratory effort was significantly increased by 1.0 to 2.8 steps on the Borgs scale for all mask conditions compared with noRM. Significance. We strongly recommend avoiding the use of RM masks for evaluating the effects of protective face masks on human physiology and subjective perception.
Lung volumes measurement using novel pressure derived method in participants with obstructive, restrictive and healthy lungs
Authors: Zac Jacob , Zac Salomon , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio , Remigio-Luna Arantxa , Guzmán-Boulloud Nicolas , Gochicoa-Rangel Laura , Guzmán-Valderrábano Carlos , Thirión-Romero Ireri
Published: November 2022

Background. Lung volumes can be measured by body plethysmography (BP), by inert gas dilution during a single-breath or multiple breaths and by radiographic methods based on chest roentgenogram or CT scanning. Our objective was to analyze the concordance between several methods including a new pressure-derived method (PDM) in a variety of pulmonary conditions. Methods. We recruited four groups of adult volunteers at the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tobacco clinic of a respiratory referral hospital: patients with lung bullae, with obstructive lung diseases, with restrictive lung diseases and healthy controls; all subjects underwent lung volume measurements according to ATS/ERS standards in random order with each method and then CT scanning. Differences among groups were estimated by Kruskal–Wallis tests. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and Bland–Altman plots were performed. Results. Sixty-two patients were studied including 15 with lung bullae, 14 with obstructive lung diseases, 12 with restrictive lung disease and 21 healthy subjects. Highest concordance was obtained between BP and CT scanning (CCC 0.95, mean difference −0.35 l) and the lowest, with TLC-DLCOsb (CCC 0.65, difference −1.05 l). TLC measured by BP had a moderate concordance with the PDM (CCC = 0.91, mean difference −0.19 l). The PDM on the other hand had the lowest intra-test repeatability (2.7%) of all tested methods. Conclusions. Lung volumes measured by BP and CT had high concordance in the scenario of varied pulmonary conditions including lung bullae, restrictive and obstructive diseases. The new PDM device, had low intra-test variability, and was easy to perform, with a reasonable concordance with BP.
Information geometry for multiparameter models: new perspectives on the origin of simplicity
Authors: Quinn Katherine N , Abbott Michael C , Transtrum Mark K , Machta Benjamin B , Sethna James P
Published: November 2022

Complex models in physics, biology, economics, and engineering are often sloppy, meaning that the model parameters are not well determined by the model predictions for collective behavior. Many parameter combinations can vary over decades without significant changes in the predictions. This review uses information geometry to explore sloppiness and its deep relation to emergent theories. We introduce the model manifold of predictions, whose coordinates are the model parameters. Its hyperribbon structure explains why only a few parameter combinations matter for the behavior. We review recent rigorous results that connect the hierarchy of hyperribbon widths to approximation theory, and to the smoothness of model predictions under changes of the control variables. We discuss recent geodesic methods to find simpler models on nearby boundaries of the model manifold—emergent theories with fewer parameters that explain the behavior equally well. We discuss a Bayesian prior which optimizes the mutual information between model parameters and experimental data, naturally favoring points on the emergent boundary theories and thus simpler models. We introduce a ‘projected maximum likelihood’ prior that efficiently approximates this optimal prior, and contrast both to the poor behavior of the traditional Jeffreys prior. We discuss the way the renormalization group coarse-graining in statistical mechanics introduces a flow of the model manifold, and connect stiff and sloppy directions along the model manifold with relevant and irrelevant eigendirections of the renormalization group. Finally, we discuss recently developed ‘intensive’ embedding methods, allowing one to visualize the predictions of arbitrary probabilistic models as low-dimensional projections of an isometric embedding, and illustrate our method by generating the model manifold of the Ising model.