bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An SiOx anode strengthened by the self-catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Xue Hongjin , Cheng Yong , Gu Qianqian , Wang Zhaomin , Shen Yabin , Yin Dongming , Wang Limin , Huang Gang
Published: January 2021

A close-knit CNTs coating that in-situ grown on the SiOx particles realizes the “soft-combination” between SiOx and CNTs, thus conquering the long-lasting issues of poor conductivity and large volume change of SiOx faced.
Controlling the growth of a SiO2 coating on hydrophobic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals towards aqueous transfer and high luminescence
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Xiao , Yang Ping
Published: January 2021

Silica coating can effectively solve the stability issue of lead halide perovskite nanomaterials.
Controlling the immobilization process of an optically enhanced protein microarray for highly reproducible immunoassay
Authors: Zhang Daxiao , Dai Wei , Hu Huatian , Chen Wen , Liu Yang , Guan Zhiqiang , Zhang Shunping , Xu Hongxing
Published: January 2021

A highly reproducible, optically enhanced protein microarray assay has been developed as a promising tool for multiplex biomarker immunoassay.
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides and plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Li Yang , Hu Huatian , Chen Wen , Zheng Di , Zhang Shunping , Xu Hongxing
Published: January 2021

This schematic shows strong plasmon–exciton coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) coupled with plasmonic single nanoparticles, nanoparticles-over-mirrors, and plasmonic arrays.
Lateral-size control of exfoliated transition-metal–oxide 2D materials by machine learning on small data
Authors: Mizuguchi Ryosuke , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: January 2021

Lateral sizes of the exfoliated transition-metal–oxide nanosheets were predicted and controlled by the assistance of machine learning.
Hard confinement systems as effective nanoreactors for in situ photo-RAFT: towards control over molecular weight distribution and morphology
Authors: Bernat Roksana , Maksym Paulina , Tarnacka Magdalena , Szelwicka Anna , Bielas Rafał , Wojtyniak Marcin , Balin Katarzyna , Hachuła Barbara , Chrobok Anna , Paluch Marian , Kamiński Kamil
Published: January 2021

Herein an alternative strategy to tune polymer dispersity and morphology was developed for photoiniferter-mediated RAFT giving well-defined ionic and non-ionic nanomaterials.
Main-chain liquid crystalline polymers bearing periodically grafted folding elements
Authors: Orodepo Gabriel Ogunsola , Gowd E. Bhoje , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: January 2021

Inclusion of non-mesogenic pendant segments, such as alkyl, PEG and fluoroalkyl, at periodic intervals along the backbone of main-chain LCPs, that contain flexible spacers, provides an interesting alternative to control the mesophase structure and the layer periodicity.
In situ recycling of particulate matter for a high-performance supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Mao Jiajun , Ge Mingzheng , Chen I-Wen Peter , Ng Yun Hau , Zhu Tianxue , Liu Hui , Huang Jianying , Cai Weilong , Lai Yuekun
Published: January 2021

MOFs/grephene aerogel capture particulate matter and in situ heat treat for high-performance energy applications.
NHC-catalyzed oxindole synthesis via single electron transfer
Authors: Wang Chengming , Liu Lixia
Published: January 2021

A NHC-catalyzed metal-free oxindole synthesis method is developed.
A doxorubicin–platinum conjugate system: impacts on PI3K/AKT actuation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Patel Puja , Umapathy Devan , Manivannan Selvambigai , Nadar Vinita Manimaran , Venkatesan Rajiu , Joseph Arokiyam Velanganni Antony , Pappu Srinivasan , Ponnuchamy Kumar
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the development of a nano-conjugate system for drug delivery applications has gained attention among researchers.
Enzymatic hydrolysis using bacterial cultures as a novel method for obtaining antioxidant peptides from brewers' spent grain
Authors: Ciurko Dominika , Łaba Wojciech , Żarowska Barbara , Janek Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Hydrolysis of brewers' spent grain conducted in the bacterial cultures entails reduction of workload, economic cost and environmental impact.
Ecological HPLC method for analyzing an antidiabetic drug in real rat plasma samples and studying the effects of concurrently administered fenugreek extract on its pharmacokinetics
Authors: Abdelwahab Nada S. , Morsi Amani , Ahmed Yasmine M. , Hassan Hossam M. , AboulMagd Asmaa M.
Published: January 2021

The combination of fenugreek extract and metformin can be considered as an auspicious treatment for satisfactory diabetes control and minimizing the expected long-term complications of metformin.
Synthesis of azahelicenes through Mallory reaction of imine precursors: corannulene substrates provide an exception to the rule in oxidative photocyclizations of diarylethenes
Authors: Ghosh Animesh , Csókás Dániel , Budanović Maja , Webster Richard D. , Pápai Imre , Stuparu Mihaiela C.
Published: January 2021

First azahelicene synthesis from corannulene-based imine precursors is presented.
An empirical approach to frequency droop characterization from utility‐scale photovoltaic plants operation in a power system
Authors: Arzani Ali , Venayagamoorthy Ganesh K.
Published: January 2021

PV plant power excursions can have adverse implications on grid frequency. This phenomenon is observable due to inherently uncertain cloud transients across a local PV plant. Hence, provision of decision‐based controllers for centralized power inverters becomes imperative for supporting local grid operations. Such controllers can be improved to better counteract minutes‐based PV power deviations from its stable equilibrium. Thus, grid frequency deviations require further investigation at PV plant point of interconnection to the grid. In this research, single and spatially distributed utility‐scale PV plants operation is studied on a real‐time power system simulator, under fast‐changing meteorological conditions at different PV site loading levels (). Software‐in‐the‐loop Monte Carlo simulation is conducted and an empirical approach is proposed for characterizing minutes‐based variations in grid frequency originating from PV plant operation, that is, power fluctuations at different . The power−frequency curve obtained at the PV site can be incorporated in form of an empirical frequency droop function in characteristics curve of adjacent auxiliary power source(s). A prominent feature of this adaptive frequency droop is that it considers PV site loading levels during different hours, giving it leverage over common practice constant droop(s). A hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform is presented allowing field derivation of adaptive frequency droop curves using hardware PMU time‐series data analytics.
Analysis of Security of Machine Learning and a proposition of assessment pattern to deal with adversarial attacks
Authors: Ftaimi Asmaa , Mazri Tomader
Published: January 2021

Today, Machine Learning is being rolled out in a variety of areas. It is a promising field that can offer several assets and can revolutionize several aspects of technology. Nevertheless, despite the advantages of machine learning technologies, learning algorithms can be exploited by attackers to carry out illicit activities. Therefore, the field of security of machine learning is deriving attention in these times so as to meet this challenge and develop secure learning models. In this paper, we overview a taxonomy that will help us understand and analyze the security of machine learning models. In the next sections, we conduct a comparative study of most widespread adversarial attacks then, we analyze common methods that were advanced to protect systems built on Machine learning models from adversaries. Finally, we discuss a proposition of a pattern designed to ensure a security assessment of machine learning models.
Solving the Delay-Constrained Least-Cost routing problem using Tabu Search with Edge Betweenness
Authors: Boudjelida Amina , Lemouari Ali
Published: January 2021

Multicast routing consists of concurrently sending the same information from a source to a subset of all possible destinations in a computer network thus becomes an important technology communication. To solve the problem, a current approach for efficiently supporting a multicast session in a network consists of establishing a multicast tree that covers the source and all terminal nodes. This problem can be reduced to a minimal Steiner tree problem (MST) which aims to look for a tree that covers a set of nodes with a minimum total cost, the problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we investigate metaheuristics approaches for the Delay-Constrained Least-Cost (DCLC) problem, we propose a novel algorithm based on Tabu Search procedure with the Edge Betweenness (EB). The EB heuristic used first to improve KMB heuristic, able to measure the edge value to being included in a given path. The obtained solution improved using the tabu search method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by experiments on a number of benchmark instances from the Steiner library. Experimental results show that the proposed metaheuristic gives competitive results in terms of cost and delay compared to the optimal results in Steiner library and other existing algorithms in the literature.
Improving the dynamic performances of an MPPT controller for a Photovoltaic system using fuzzy logic
Authors: Essakhi Hassan , Farhat Sadik , Mediouni Mohamed , Dbaghi Yahya
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with analysis, modeling, and simulation of a Photovoltaic (PV) system with an intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller based on fuzzy logic and to compare the dynamic performances: rapidity and stability of a fuzzy controller with the traditional controller based on the “Perturb and Observe” algorithm (P&O). The system is simulated under Simulink/Matlab environment. The simulation results show that the fuzzy MPPT controller is faster and more stable during abrupt changes in irradiation values.
Diagnoses for People with Heart Disease Using Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Paryati
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular attack (heart) is the death of the heart muscle due to a sudden obstruction of the coronary artery by blood clotting. Wounds on the heart muscle cause chest pain and pressure. If blood flow is not restored again within 20 to 40 minutes, then the death of the heart muscle will no longer begin to occur. The muscle continues to die six to eight hours at a time when the heart attack is completely. Ruptured plaque creates blood clots. If the blood clot is large enough it can close the entire artery resulting in a heart attack. Most cardiovascular diseases are caused by high blood pressure. So the authors made cardiovascular detection research using interactive multimedia with rich internet application method.

The software that supports in the creation of this application is Adobe Flash CS3, Action script as well as Dreamweaver. The methodology system development is multimedia with concept stages, design, material collecting, assembly, testing.

This application aims to disease, causes, various diseases, symptoms, ways of prevention and treatment methods. be utilized as a medium of information and learning for cardiovascular people and for users about the definition of cardiovascular.
Physico-chemical factors conditioning the electronic conduction of conductive polymers
Authors: Saouti Fatiha , Charquaoui Abdelouahed , Naimi Youssef
Published: January 2021

The driving idea and the main objective of this synthetic work is the study of physicochemical factors such as the dielectric constant of the solvent, the polarizability of the chains and the Gap energy of the conductive polymers, these characteristics condition their properties. electrical and electrochemical. We focused our study on polyaniline, two synthetic methods are presented: chemical polymerization and electropolymerization with emphasis on the theoretical aspects of the phenomena involved as well as on the electrochemical methods used such as cyclic voltammetry. We have therefore developed with maximum clarity the links existing between the physico-chemical properties of polyaniline and its electrical conductivity.
Educational Robot for the Care of Infectious Diseases in Children: A Review of the Scientific Literature 2010 - 2020
Authors: Cabanillas-Carbonell Michael , Calderón-Riera Mariazucena , Sanchez-Solís Josselin
Published: January 2021

Due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19, we are forced to maintain a social distance, relying on technology such as the use of robots for both commercial and educational activities. This document is a systematic review of scientific literature using Prism methodology and aims to determine the best characteristics for the development of educational robots in children on infectious disease care. We obtained 50 articles associated to the research topic collected from databases such as IEEE Xplore, Scielo, Scopus and WoS. The results were synthesized in different tables and graphs separated in approaches of: robotics in education, robotics in relation to humans, education in diseases, robotics in health and digital applications in education, where the first one is the most treated in the articles found.
Solar PV System Performance Ratio Evaluation for Electric Vehicles Charging Stations in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Areas
Authors: Syahindra Kianda Dhipatya , Ma’arif Samsul , Widayat Aditya Anindito , Fauzi Ahmad Fakhrul , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: January 2021

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas are locations that have limited land area. Solar PV systems are planned to be installed in these areas to support electric vehicles such as e-scooters, electric cars, motorcycles, and buses. However, solar PV systems in general require a large land area. The purpose of this paper is to find out and compare the Performance Ratios (PR) of a solar PV system installed on the rooftop with a floating solar PV system installed on the lake to determine which solar PV system fits better for TOD areas. PR analysis uses two methods, PVSyst software simulation and is validated using mathematical calculations. The result of the PR of floating solar PV is 76.39% using PVSyst simulation and 80.24% using mathematical calculation. Meanwhile, the PR of rooftop solar PV is 82.69% using PVSyst simulation and 73.41% using mathematical calculation. The significant factors that influence PR value are the energy produced by the solar PV system, its losses, and albedo value of the reflector surface for bifacial solar PV. Albedo value has to be maximized in order to obtain a higher performance ratio value. Based on this study, both rooftop and floating PV systems are equally suitable for TOD areas.
Brutalism: as a preferred style for institutional buildings in modern architecture period
Authors: Imani Elena , Imani Samira
Published: January 2021

From the 1950s onward, Brutalist style spread all over the world and dedicate many breathtaking architectural movements to buildings. Architect’s opinion about this prominent approach to building design varies greatly. Brutalist style has known primarily for its aesthetics and property for institutional buildings with the use of functional reinforced concrete, steel, modular, and repetitive elements. Besides all advantages of brutalism, this style is sharply criticized for being cold, crude, cruel, and not appropriate for many climates. Brutalism also became popular with governmental and institutional buildings in modern architecture period and most of the well-known university campuses were built in this style. The purpose of this paper is to study the adaptability of brutalist style with institutional buildings and evaluate it from this point of view. Three institutional buildings have been selected as case studies for evaluating in this research such as The Royal College of Physicians, Brunel University Lecture Theatre, and Metu faculty of architecture. Due to this study, Brutalist style through their fire-resistant and durable materials which don’t need to be renovated constantly is suitable for institutional buildings.
The Impact of the Use of Village Funds on Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Indraningsih Kurnia Suci , Nahraeni Wini , Agustian Adang , Gunawan Endro , Syahyuti
Published: January 2021

The priority of the Village Fund is for the village development programs and activities. The relatively large value of Village Funds in Indonesia is expected to affect the welfare of village communities and also sustainable. The problem is that not all villages have the same level of development, so the management of village resources cannot be uniformed. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Village Fund, especially for agricultural development. The location of this study included three village typologies in the West Java provinces, DI Yogyakarta, Riau, East Kalimantan, and Gorontalo. There are 166 respondents selected, consisted of (1) policymaking institutions and the service institutions leader; (2) key informants; (3) farmer groups; and (4) extension agents. Data were analyzed by descriptive explanative. The results showed that the Village Fund affected increasing farmers' production and income. The process of transporting production facilities and yields has become easier through the improvement of infrastructure farming and facilities. In the future, Village Funds aside for infrastructure development should be allocated for community economic empowerment, i.e., training in agricultural, livestock, and fisheries skills according to the village's potential, so that it can support sustainable agricultural development in rural areas.
Farmers’ Attitude and Factors Influencing The Adoption of Artificial Insemination in Goat Farming System
Authors: Witjaksono Julian , Dahya  , Tando Edi , Sutisna Entis , Rinaldi Jemmy
Published: January 2021

Small Ruminant such goats are familiar to keep growing for a farming system in the rural area. However, farmers are facing many problems to grow them. This study describes the goat farming system's performance in the rural area based on the farmers’ attitude and factors influencing farmers in adopting Artificial Insemination of the goat farming system. This study was conducted in Wunduwatu Village Andoolo Sub District, South Konawe District of Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2015. The research method was employed based on the survey and interview using a questionnaire through a purposive sampling method for selecting respondents that have chosen 30 farmers. Research findings show that its farming system's performance indicated the traditional pattern such as feed performance and farm management. It is due to the lack of skill and lack of capital. Most of the respondent farmers (44.29%) perceived artificial insemination is a good program. Moreover, 60.50% of respondents stated that using artificial insemination is better than using a male / natural mating.
The Efficiency of Red Chili Farming In Merapi Eruption Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Febriani Dwi
Published: January 2021

Changes in soil texture after the Merapi eruption in 2010 does not affect farmers in using the production factors, resulting in non-optimal production. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting red chili production and the level of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of red chili farming in the Merapi eruption area, Sleman Regency Yogyakarta. This study utilized a quantitative method. A total of 80 farmers was selected as samples by using a simple random sampling method. Data were analysed using the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier production model. The input side approach analysed the allocative and economic efficiency. The results showed that only land area and manure factors that significantly affected the production of red chili. The average of farmers had reached technical efficiency level with an index of 0.826 and allocative efficiency level with an index of 0.804. However, they had not achieved economic efficiency because the efficiency level merely reached the 0.665 indexes. Meanwhile, four internal factors of farmers, namely age, education level, farming experience, and land ownership status, had an insignificant influence on technical inefficiencies.
Optimization of Rice, Mung Beans and Vegetable Planting Patterns at Paloh Border Area in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan
Authors: Burhansyah Rusli , Carolina Kilmanun Juliana , Puspitasari Melia
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of planting rice, mung beans and vegetables and maximizing the income of farmers in the border area of Paloh, Sambas Regency. The study used a survey method. The unit of analysis in this study is rice farming. The sample of farmers was determined by purposive sampling on the consideration of the variety of harvested area and the types of vegetable farming that varied. The number of farmer respondents as many as 30 cases was determined by purposive sampling. To analyze the data, the income analysis and Linear Programming are used. The results showed that: farming area of 0.6 ha (arable area) can be optimized with a combination of local rice farming in the wet season of 0.6 ha. In the superior rice dry season, about 0.3 ha, mung beans 0.1 ha, mustard 0.05 ha, chilli 0.05 ha and cucumber 0.1 ha. (4) Optimal solutions can maximize farmers' income by IDR 34,818,000. To optimize rice farmyng system, green beans and vegetables with an average arable land of 0.6 ha, the recommended farming pattern is in the local rice dry season 0.6 ha, superior rice dry season 0.3 ha, mung beans 0.1 ha, mustard 0.05 ha, chili 0.05 ha and cucumber 0.1 ha.
Application of Rice-Corn Intercropping as an Optimization of the Land Use Utilization and Increasing of Farmer Income in Playen, Gunungkidul
Authors: Riyanto Damasus , Yustisia  , Anshori Arif , Srihartanto Eko
Published: January 2021

Intercropping is an attempt to plant several types of crops on the land at the same time, arranged in such a way in a row of plants. Planting in this way can be done on two types of plants that are relatively different old. The application of Rice-Corn intercropping was carried out in Playen District of Gunungkidul. Rice seed was used Sidenuk and Inpari 42 varieties then planted at distance of 40 cm x 20 x 12.5 cm (Tajarwo 2:1). The corn seed used Pioneer 35 and they are planted at 60 cm x 25 cm. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of intercropping rice-corn compared to monoculture cultivation on the aspects of soil nutrients status, affects intercropping on both crops yield and feassibility analisys of the intercropping farming on the two different agricultural system. The results of study show that on intercropping pattern rice yield can reach 5.19 to 5.85 ton ha-1 and dry corn shells from 5.43 to 6.28 tons ha-1 and quite profitable with a B/C ratio of 2.68 and R/C ratio of 3.12 compared to rice or corn monoculture planting patterns alone with B/C ratios of 1.24 and 1.88, respectively
The Impact of Trade War toward Against Indonesian Agriculture Export Products Product
Authors: Ganda Sukmaya Syahrul , Saptana Saptana
Published: January 2021

In recent history, the ongoing trade war between the United States and China is unparalleled. This research looks at the impact of trade wars on Indonesian agricultural products' competitiveness and export performance. The methods used for this study are NRCA, EPD and CMSA. We find that conditions of the trade war between China and the US affect the competitiveness and competitiveness of Indonesian agricultural products in the destination countries. The impact of the trade war conditions on the competitiveness of Indonesian agricultural products compared to China and their export to the United States. Indonesia's agricultural exports during the trade war to China's and US destination countries are: HS 01, HS 04, HS 08, HS 12 and HS 18. Indonesian agricultural exports to China and the US are influenced primarily by the increase in global demand and the composition of competitiveness.
Online Marketing of Food Products through Marketplace Platform: A Study of Community Based Online Marketplace of BEDUKMUTU
Authors: Akhmadi Heri , Pratolo Suryo
Published: January 2021

Online food marketing through a marketplace platform has been a trend in today’s food product marketing, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic that has increased food product purchases through online platforms. Bedukmutu is an online marketplace platform developed by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) that provides food product transactions and other products and services. This paper investigated the Bedukmutu marketplace business model in the marketing of food products and how far the Muhammadiyah community ties influence the consumers. Descriptive analysis, website observation, and in-depth interviews with Bedukmutu stakeholders were utilized to explore the extent of online food product marketing practices in this marketplace. The results revealed several key factors in the Bedukmutu business model on food products marketing, including entrepreneurship as a value proposition with the consumer to consumer e-commerce (C2C) model and Muhammadiyah network as a key partner in market development. The offered food products vary from fresh to processed food originating from traders within students, employees and Muhammadiyah community networks. The implementation of purchasing incentives in measuring the performance of UMY employees is one of the motivations for consumer demand (demand-pull) apart from the affiliation factor with Muhammadiyah organizations (community-based).
Can Community Based Tourism (CBT) support Sustainable Tourism in the Osing Traditional Village?
Authors: Yunikawati Nur Anita , Istiqomah Ni’matul , Purboyo Priambodo Magistyo , Sidi Fatimah
Published: January 2021

The tourism sector is one of the effective methods for reducing poverty and inequality for communities in the world. The Community Based Tourism (CBT) is a concept of participation of a community in an area to support tourism activity. The development of a tourist village using the concept of sustainable development should be developed in the Osing Tourism Village. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of CBT carried out by all related parties, namely the Kemiren Village government, the private sector and the village community in supporting Sustainable tourism. This research is a descriptive analytical study with qualitative method approach to obtain propose objective. The research held in Kemiren Village, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province. Kemiren Village represents the criteria for research, which is one of the Tourism Villages so called Osing Traditional Village, have elements of culture, environment and economy. The data collection techniques use in- depth interviews, documentation, observation and focus group discussion (FGD). The synergy between the tourism driving community of the Osing Traditional Village, the government, and the community greatly contributes to increasing sustainable tourism which is not only oriented towards the economy but also socio-culture and the environmental continuity.
The Performance Analysis of The Community Economic Institutions (LEM) in Increasing Farmers’ Income of Cocoa Farming System
Authors: Rusdin  , Agussalim Dahya , Sarjoni  , Witjaksono Julian
Published: January 2021

Cocoa is a predominant crop estate commodity produced in Southeast Sulawesi. The main constrain increasing cocoa productivity regarding the non-technical factor is developing cocoa community. The government has launched Cocoa Community Institution (LEM) to overcome lack of community development in a cocoa farming system. This study aims to identify institutions related to the community development based on cocoa commodity and to analyze the performance of LEM. This study was conducted in two Sub-Districts (Lambuya and Besulutu) of Konawe district in Southeast Sulawesi province. Participatory method was implemented to get the primary data through an open interview based on the performance indicators of LEM Sejahtera. The number of respondents was 30 farmers chosen by simple random sampling. The Cocoa Community Institution was the main purpose of this study focusing on its performance of LEM Sejahtera in enhancing smallholders’ income. The results of this study indicated that LEM Sejahtera in Besulutu had contributed significantly to supply input and lend money to help poor resource farmers based on the community development program.
Intercropping of Several Cultivars of Banana and Plantain under Coconut Based in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Malia Ibrahim Erik , Yusuf
Published: January 2021

The Research has been conducted in Pandu Experimental Garden, Talawaan Bantik Village, North Sulawesi, titled “Intercropping of Several Cultivars of Banana and Plantain under Coconut Based in North Sulawesi, Indonesia”. The aims of the research were to study suitability of several banana and plantain intercropped into coconut based farming system. The materials and methods used were monoculture coconut plantation, hybrid Khina-1 planted in 1986, designed in RCBD, 5 treatments were the banana and plantain cultivars Mas, Gapi, Gepok Tanjung, Goroho and Raja. Then the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) was used for mean separations. Significantly, was determined at the p=0.05 probability level. In this experiment also, using t-test to compare the effect of natural shade of the coconut canopy with an open field for the five varieties tested. Then, using 20 plants for each variety and treatment, served as replication. Two dwarf cultivars, Mas (banana) and Goroho (plantain) indicated the significant vegetative and generative growth shorter than the three tall cultivars, Gapi, Gepok Tanjung and Raja. It is also concluded that coconut based using Hybrid Khina-1 varieties, spacing 8m x 8m square system is suitable for intercropping with banana and plantain, especially the Dwarf Mas and Goroho.
Rice Crop Phenology Model to Monitor Rice Planting and Harvesting Time using Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Waldini Hafidh , Shidiq Iqbal Putut Ash , Rokhmatuloh Rokhmatuloh , Supriatna Supriatna
Published: January 2021

Rice is one of the most significant food commodity products in Indonesia. The production of rice in 2019 reached 49.8 million tons. On a global scale, rice is consumed by half of the human population around the world. This study will support the development of sustainable natural resources management, which is an important thing to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals in zero poverty and zero hunger. Remote sensing is a useful instrument to monitor natural resources. This study used Sentinel-2 imageries to extract rice phenology using vegetation indices (NDVI and NDWI), then acquired the planting and harvesting time using the temporal analysis. The NDVI value is showing a parabolic curve regarding the planting stage of the rice. The value of NDVI is high in the transplanting stage but decreases in the harvesting phase. Besides that, in the seedling and transplanting stage, NDWI has a higher value than NDVI. However, in tillering until the harvesting phase, NDWI has a similar characteristic but lower value than NDVI. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution of rice planting and harvesting date, it is known that climate is not a resistant factor, especially the irrigated rice field. Nevertheless, in the rainfed rice field, the planting time depends on climate conditions.
Impacts of Education and Environmental Sustainability on Rural Income Inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Setyadharma Andryan , Oktavilia Shanty , Utami Sri , Rizka Noormalitasari Audina
Published: January 2021

Income inequality may hinder rural development and education is seen an important tool in rural development processes as well as it become an effective way in reducing rural income inequality. Human capital theory suggests that higher education can increase income, and it will decrease income inequality. The first objective of this study is to examine the effect of education on rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study also examines the relationship between environmental deterioration and rural income inequality. Studies about the impact of higher levels of inequality on environmental deterioration are not new, but the opposite studies are rare. Therefore, the second objective of this study is to examine the effect of environmental deterioration on rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study applies panel data from 32 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2018. The results show that higher education resulting in lower rural income inequality in Indonesia. Furthermore, the finding also shows that the efforts to reduce environmental deterioration resulting in lower rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study suggests that it is vital to improve education level and to apply nature-friendly approaches to reduce income gaps in rural areas so the rural development goals can be achieved.
Penta Helix Strategy in Rural Tourism (Case Study of Tugu Utara Bogor)
Authors: Pradhipta R.M.W. Agie , Pusparani  , Nofiyanti Fifi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the extent of the implementation of the penta helix collaboration strategy in rural tourism (case study in the Tugu Utara of Bogor). The research method used in this study is qualitative by taking data using interviews, surveys and observations, and using data triangulation to strengthen this research. The results of this study stated that to foster sustainable rural tourism requires the involvement of elements that have the same tasks and contributions in developing a sustainable rural tourism program. Tugu Utara Village applies the penta helix strategy in the concept of planning, implementing and developing a sustainable rural tourism industry. The penta helix elements involved in Tugu Utara Village include: 1) the role of the village government as a regulator and facilitator, 2) the role of community institutions as managers of rural tourism programs, 3) the role of academics as a companion and source of knowledge, 4) the role of the world industry and business world as partners that grow the business and economic opportunities of rural communities; and 5) the function of social media in publicizing and promoting rural tourism industry products.
Industrial Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting by using Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lum Kai Lok , Mun Hou Kit , Phang Swee King , Tan Wei Qiang
Published: January 2021

In conjunction with the 4th Industrial Revolution, many industries are implementing systems to collect data on energy consumption to be able to make informed decision on scheduling processes and manufacturing in factories. Companies can now use this historical data to forecast the expected energy consumption for cost management. This research proposes the use of a Temporal Convolutional Neural Network (TCN) with dilated causal convolutional layers to perform forecasting instead of conventional Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) as TCN exhibit lower memory and computational requirements. This approach is also chosen due to traditional regressive methods such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) fails to capture non-linear patterns and features for multi-step time series data. In this research paper, the electrical energy consumption of a factory will be forecasted by implementing a TCN to extract the features and to capture the complex patterns in time series data such daily electrical energy consumption with a limited dataset. The neural network will be built using Keras and TensorFlow libraries in Python. The energy consumption data as training data will be provided by GoAutomate Sdn Bhd. Then, the historical data of economic factors and indexes such as the KLCI will be included alongside the consumption data for neural network training to determine the effects of the economy on industrial energy consumption. The forecasted results with and without the economic data will then be compared and evaluated using Weighted Average Percentage Error (WAPE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) metrics. The parameters for the neural network will then be evaluated and fined tuned accordingly based on the accuracy and error metrics. This research is able create a CNN to forecast electrical energy consumption with WAPE = 0.083 & MAPE = 0.092, of a factory one (1) week ahead with a small scale dataset with only 427 data points, and has determined that the effects of economic index such as the Bursa Malaysia has no meaningful impact on industrial energy consumption that can be then applied to the forecasting of energy consumption of the factory.
Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric Generator System under Non-Tracking and Tracking Condition
Authors: Indira Sridhar Sripadmanabhan , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind , Sivasubramanian Ramsundar
Published: January 2021

In this study, the performance of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules in converting the excess photovoltaic (PV) temperature to electricity in a hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric (PV/TEG) generator system is investigated. A one-dimensional analytical heat transfer model for the hybrid PV/TEG with pin-fin based heat sink is developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and simulated under tracking and non-tracking conditions. The solar irradiance collected by the PV/TEG system under tracking and non-tracking conditions was calculated using the Solar Emulator tool via TracePro software. The effect of varying solar radiation and a varying number of TEGs on PV temperature, PV output, and TEG output is evaluated using solar radiation on March 15, 2020, in the Jalan Taylor’s, Malaysia (3.0626° N, 101.6168° E). Finally, the optimum number of TEG modules required for maximum TEG power output in the hybrid PV/TEG system under tracking and non-tracking conditions is investigated and discussed. The maximum net PTEG is obtained for 336, 339, and 341 TEGs under no-tracking, single-axis, and dual-axis tracking conditions, respectively.
Reinventing Aerosol Containment Unit for Use in Medical Operating Theatre
Authors: Sathian Harishan , Eh Noum Se Yong
Published: January 2021

The aerosol containment box or intubation box is medical tool invented to help protect healthcare workers from airborne aerosols while performing procedures such as intubation that are close to the mouth of the patient. The current design of the aerosol containment box is used heavily during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the virus being present in airborne aerosol particles from a patient’s breath. However, the current design has been reported to be flawed in its design aspects. Adding ergonomic considerations into the design is expected to provide improved mobility and better usage of medical instruments. The research conducted analyzed how effective the current design in containing the spread of aerosols from the patient. To execute the research, the current design is modelled in a 3D render using SOLIDWORKS 2020 using dimensions to scale. The 3D model is imported into ANSYS 18.2 to conduct an airflow analysis when a patient cough or breathes to analyses the spread of the aerosols from the patient. The patient coughing was simulated using a nozzle with the boundary space of the model based on the size of the intubation box. The key outcome of the project that the present design is not verry effective in containing aerosol spread as there is still airflow of the particles leaving the intubation box into the environment. The improved design of the intubation box prevents flow of the aerosols into the environment by using suction and seals to close of outlets. The data gained from the study of the aerosol spread proves that there is a higher pressure concentration of the aerosols particles on the walls of the outlets in the existing design in the market as compared to the improved design suggested. This data can help better justify the dimensions and criteria needed to further enhance the current design of the aerosol containment box.
Finite Element Analysis Study on Lattice Structure Fabricated Recycled Polystyrene from Post-used Styrofoam Waste
Authors: Juarez Chia Zheng Jie , Koay Seong Chun , Chan Ming Yeng , Choo Hui Leng , Pang Ming Meng , Ong Thai Kiat
Published: January 2021

Lattice structure design widely applicable for 3D printed components. This research investigated the lattice structure with different shape and relative density using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. The material used for the lattice structure was the recycled polystyrene made from post-used Styrofoam. The research assessed the mechanical behaviour of lattice structure with either triangular prism and square prism with FEA simulation and numerical mathematical modelling, such as stiffness to-mass ratio, maximum von Misses stress and effective Young’s modulus. The finding FEA shows a good agreement with result from numerical mathematic modelling. The FEA results show lattice structure with triangular prism exhibited lowest value of maximum von Misses stress with maximum stiffness-to-mass value compared to lattice structure square prism. The finding from this work provided an early prediction on mechanical properties of lattice structure fabricated from recycled polystyrene.
Community Waste Plastic Recycling System Through Plastic Injection Molding
Authors: Koo Lih Zhang , Tong Douglas Kum Tien , Rinne Matias
Published: January 2021

High demand for plastic worldwide has resulted in increasing environmental pollution. To make the plastic manufacturing process more environmentally friendly, recycling of waste plastic must be considered. In view of this a social enterprise called Me.reka Makerspace aims to use waste plastic to produce recycled plastic products using injection molding. However, injection molding is a complex process. In the past Me.reka experienced numerous failures resulting in defective plastic products and cost wastage. To assist with Me.reka’s objective, this study aimed to recommend a process capable of producing good quality recycled plastic products that meet dimensional accuracy and surface roughness requirements. Literature review done on plastic waste separation techniques, plastic properties testing for injection molding, and ventilation systems. Manual plastic sorting was found to be the best for Me.reka, where it can separate all 7 types of plastics collected by Me.reka with the highest accuracy and efficiency and the lowest cost. The melt flow rate of specific plastic type can determine its compatibility for use in the injection molding machine. Furthermore this study found that the best ventilation system for Me.reka Makerspace’s plastic injection molding facility was the displacement ventilation. It is expected that with the installation of an efficient ventilation system, the hazardous gasses produced during the process will be efficiently expelled thus protecting the health of workers. With regards to injection molding, a mold design was made for a book cover mold by applying the applicable mold design principles. However, this mold was later sent for testing at another facility. A flowerpot mold that had arrived at Me.reka which required immediate testing was tested instead. Through testing, improvements were made to the mold and the molding process by finding out the optimum injection molding temperature for the waste plastic used and the mold sprue diameter required to produce a well formed molding.
UVC Light Simulation for Room Disinfection System
Authors: Ropathy Nathan Raj A/L R. , Choo Hui Leng , Yeong Chai Hong , Wong Yin How
Published: January 2021

Viruses are minuscule parasites that have gained notoriety for causing diseases. However, these harmful pathogens can be inactivated using Ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation that has a wavelength between 200 – 280 nm. The wavelengths of the UVC are responsible for germicidal effect as the proteins (e.g. RNA and DNA) absorb the maximum radiation in these wavelengths and damage the DNA of the viruses so that they cannot replicate. This project aimed to simulate the UVC light intensity in different room layouts to guide the evaluation of the effectiveness of surface disinfection system which consists of UVC lights. Besides determining the quantity and the installation layout of the UVC lights, the project also aimed to help visualisation of the coverage of UVC radiation and highlight any under-exposed area for optimum room disinfection using a simulation software. DIALux Evo 9.1 was used to simulate the light intensity in different room and lighting layouts. As the software only calculates normal visible light (wavelength 380 – 700 nm) intensity in the unit of Lux, a correlation between Lux and UVC dosage (mJ/cm2) must be established first. A minimum UVC dosage of 40 mJ/cm2 is required to achieve complete surface disinfection of microorganisms. The simulation was able to visualize the coverage of UVC radiation and to determine the optimum placement of UVC lights to ensure sufficient UVC dosage is delivered to every critical surface. The outcome of this project can help to guide the design of UVC room disinfection system especially in hospital wards setting to optimise room disinfection and reducing the risk of infection.
Development of 3D-Printed Heterogeneous Tumour Phantom for Quantitative Analysis in PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Tang Ming Zhao , Choo Hui Leng , Yeong Chai Hong , Wong Yin How
Published: January 2021

Tumours are heterogenous growths that consists of different types of cells with varying genetic expressions. The complex structure of the tumour makes cancer treatment difficult due to the heterogeneity of each of the cancer cells that react differently to radiation treatment. Therefore, effective treatment requires proper characterization of the tumour heterogeneity, which is difficult to be assessed by most of the current medical imaging technologies. The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D printed heterogenous tumour phantom with multiple compartments to simulate tumour heterogeneity and to assess the accuracy of tumour characterization using Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The tumour phantom was designed and modelled using SolidWorks and then constructed using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method of 3D printing with polylactide (PLA) filament as the material. Multiple layer of waterproof coating was applied and the phantom was carefully tested for any leakage prior to the study. Each of the compartments of the tumour phantom was filled with different activity of the radiopharmaceutical (18F-FDG). The phantom was then embedded in a water bath to simulate soft tissue and scanned under a PET/CT scanner using standard clinical protocol. The volume and radioactivity of each compartment were then measured using the clinical software as Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs). Results showed that PET/CT imaging able to delineate and quantify the radioactivity of each compartment within the tumour phantom, albeit some difficulties in detecting radioactivity below 100 μCi. Further research is required to improve the design of the tumour phantom to allow for easier injection of the radioactive solution as well as altering the dimensions of the internal compartments to better characterize actual tumour parameters.