bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude about Exposure to Cytotoxic Drugs in Oncology Nurses
Authors: Rafie Manesh Hosein , Panjali Zahra , Khani Farah , Habibi-Mohraz Majid , Borhani Maryam
Published: July 2019

Background: One of the most common hazards among the nurses is exposure to harmful chemicals. Cytotoxic drugs are among highly hazardous substances in the healthcare centers that can lead to DNA damage and cancer development. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses working in the oncology departments of Tehran hospitals regarding the risks and safety measures related to handling of cytotoxic drugs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study to develop an instrument, a questionnaire on knowledge and attitude regarding exposure to cytotoxic drugs was translated into Persian language and its validity and reliability evaluated and confirmed. The questionnaire was administered to 111 nurses working in 10 oncology departments (eight hospitals of Tehran) selected by random multistage sampling. For instrument validation, CVI and Cronbach's alpha were used. Descriptive analyses were done to analyze field work data. Results: In this study, 22 men (19.8%) and 89 women (80.2%) participated. The mean age of participants was 33.6 (SD 8.6) years. Only 45% of participants constantly used gloves when handling drugs. Results indicated that 54.1% of participants had accidental exposure to cytotoxic drugs, 22.5% of who reported their exposure as being acute. Only 12.6% of participants reported that their efforts to reduce the risks of exposure as effective. At least 84.4% of the nurses had been trained in the handling of cytotoxic drugs, 54% of whom reported that the training was not effective. Conclusion: While confirming the reliability and validity of the instrument, this study showed that the training on improving the safety of the personnel is ineffective and insufficient, and most staff are at risk of direct and indirect exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Further the immunization of the workplace and the preparation and proclamation of safety and health protocols for handling of these drugs or attending their storage places can be beneficial.
Effects of Acute Exposure to Heat Stress on Immunological and Lipid Parameters in Rats
Authors: Zamanian Zahra , Yousefinejad Saeed , Reza Zare Mohammad Reza , Rajabi Fazel , Hashemi Zahra , Modaresi Aboutaleb , Gharavi Marjan , Tajbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Zarei Mohammad Reza , Koochaki Torab , Rahmani Abdolrasoul
Published: July 2019

Background: Exposure to heat stress can result in lipid parameters alterations as well as immunological responses. This study was aimed to investigate these alterations and responses at different humidity and temperatures levels under controlled laboratory conditions in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: A total 15 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, 10-11 weeks of age, were used in the evaluation. After one week, animals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 5 animals each. Reference group (group1) was housed in the cage under WBGT of 20(1) according to experimental design. Also, animals were subjected to mild (WBGT of 29 ( 1)) and hotter (WBGT of 33(1)) conditions (8 hr/day for one day) in the exposure chamber as group2 and group3, respectively. At the end of exposure to heat stress, blood samples were collected from the heart of rats and different parameters were determined. Results: Based on results, acute heat exposure significantly caused a decrease in serum IgG, IgM, IgA of rats in the case group compared to control group (P<0.05). Conversely, acute heat exposure resulted in a significant increase in the levels of IgE (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference for the lipid parameters after exposure to acute heat stress compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Acute heat stress may affect immune responses depending on the intensity of the exposure. Higher environmental temperatures (WBGT≥32°C) cause more severe changes in plasma immunoglobulins.
Association between Noise Exposure and Sensitivity and Psychological Distress
Authors: Mousavi Kordmiri Seyed Hojat , Monazzam Mohammad Reza , Abbasi Milad , kamali Sepideh , Mousavi Kordmiri Seyedeh Azam
Published: July 2019

Background: Noise pollution is considered as a major threat to human society that may affect life quality, efficiency, physical and mental health. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of noise exposure and noise sensitivity on psychological distress in an automobile parts manufacturer's employees. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 325 employees of an automobile parts manufacturer who were exposed to different noise levels in seven groups were investigated. Daily personal noise exposure for each group was measured using calibrated sound level meter (SVANTEK-971) based on ISO-9612 standards. Then employees' mental disorder and noise sensitivity were determined using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), respectively, and data was analyzed using SPSS v. 23. Results: Mean psychological distress was significantly different between noise sensitivity and noise exposure groups (P-value <0.05). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis among four variables including age, work experience, noise exposure and noise sensitivity, noise exposure and noise sensitivity had significant effect on psychological distress and could explain 0.36 and 0.25 of variance of response variable, respectively. Age and work experience at the level of 5% error had no significant effect on psychological distress status.
Conclusion: It can be argued that the worsening of psychological distress in these employees is often due to noise exposure and noise sensitivity. As an individual variable, noise exposure has the greatest effect on increase of psychological distress compared to noise sensitivity level and demographic characteristics studied.
Editorial: Erythropoietin for Optic Neuritis
Authors: Foroozan Rod
Published: July 2019

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Histopathologic Evaluation of Polymer Supports for Pintucci-Type Keratoprostheses: an Animal Study
Authors: Rahmani Saeed , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Ali Javadi Mohammad , Meskinfam Langroudi Masoumeh , Afsar Aski Sasha
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To report histopathological findings for different types of polymers proposed as support for a Pintucci-type keratoprosthesis.
Methods: Six polymers, including three types of polyesters (#1-3), one type of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, #4), polyethylene (#5), and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, #6) were evaluated. Four samples of each material were placed under the orbicularis oculi muscles of 12 rabbits. After five weeks, the samples were removed and evaluated histopathologically. Fibrovascular tissue ingrowths were investigated in terms of tissue penetration depth into the materials (graded as none, mild, moderate, and intense) and fibrovascular ingrowth area at the ultimate level of tissue penetrance. ImageJ software was used to calculate fibrovascular tissue area between the material fibers, and the mean area values were compared between the materials.
Results: Polyester materials #1 and #3 demonstrated intense fibrovascular tissue penetration with a large fibrovascular ingrowth area; no overt tissue ingrowth was observed into material #6. The mean area of penetrated fibrovascular tissues was significantly different between materials (P < 0.001). Materials #2, #4, and #5 showed moderate fibrovascular tissue ingrowth and the area of presented fibrovascular tissue at the paracentral parts of material #4 was significantly smaller than that of materials #1 (P = 0.02) and #3 (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Two polyester materials that had relatively large pore sizes demonstrated a deep and large area of fibrovascular ingrowth. Given that material #3 is thicker and more consistent than material #1, the former can be used as the appropriate material for supporting the Pintucci-type keratoprosthesis.
Changes in Pupil Area During Low-energy Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Mirshahi Alireza , A. Ponto Katharina
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To study the potential changes in pupil area within low-energy femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).
Methods: A retrospective assessment of the pupil size was performed in the eyes undergoing FLACS using the Ziemer LDV Z8. We measured the pupil diameters as part of the images taken preoperatively and at the completion of laser pretreatment (after releasing the suction). We calculated the pupil area in 40 eyes of 40 patients (14 right and 26 left eyes). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age of the patients was 74 ± 7.4 years (range: 51-87). Paired t-test was used for statistical analyses. Subgroups were built with reference to age and preoperative pupil area (smaller than or equal to the median versus larger than the median).
Results: The mean ± SD axial length, anterior chamber depth, white-to-white distance and lens thickness were 24.01 ± 1.47, 3.23 ± 0.4, 11.97 ± 0.49, and 4.59 ± 0.41 mm, respectively. The mean ± SD pupil area was 39.33 ± 7.1 mm2 preoperatively and 39.3 ± 6.75 mm2 after laser pretreatment. The mean ± SD change in pupil area was -0.03 ± 2.12 mm2. There were no statistically significant changes between preoperative and post-laser pupil areas (P = 0.93, 95% CI: -0.71 to 0.65). Comparisons within subgroups also did not detect pupil area reduction.
Conclusion: This study did not detect statistically significant changes in pupil area after laser pretreatment using low-energy FLACS. This observation is in contrast to previous studies using other laser platforms.
Choroidal Thickness and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Torabi Hamidreza , Saberi Isfeedvajani Mohsen , Ramezani Majid , Daryabari Seyed-Hashem
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels with choroidal thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
Methods: In this prospective case series, 180 eyes from 90 patients with type 2 DM were classified into three study groups based on HbA1c values: group 1 included patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7%), group 2 included patients with moderate glycemic control (HbA1c between 7% and 8%), and group 3 included patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%). Additionally, 50 eyes from 25 non-diabetic subjects were enrolled to group 4 as a control group. Sub-foveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness were measured and compared.
Results: Mean central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses in diabetic patients (247.80, 238.63, and 239.30 μm) were significantly less than non-diabetic healthy subjects (277.56, 262.92, and 266.32 μm). Additionally, mean central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness values in group 4 (277.56, 262.92, and 266.32 μm) were significantly greater than the corresponding values in group 2 (248.34, 237.55, and 236.45 μm) and group 3 (239.81, 234.62, and 233.94 μm), but was not significantly different from corresponding values in group 1 (259.46, 246.12, and 251.00 μm).
Conclusion: HbA1c values have a significant correlation with choroidal thickness in diabetic patients, and better glycemic control with HbA1c ≤ 7% may prevent choroidal thinning.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Iran
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Bazvand Fatemeh , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Roohipoor Ramak , Karkhaneh Reza , Farahani Dastjani Afsar , Imani Fouladi Marjan , Riazi Esfahani Mohammad , Khodabande Alireza , Davoudi Samaneh , Ghasemi Hamed , S Modjtahedi Bobeck
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among Iranian infants.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on infants who had undergone screening for ROP at Farabi Eye Hospital, between March 2016 and March 2017. Data were analyzed based on the presence of extreme prematurity (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks), extremely low-birth-weight (≤ 1000 g), and multiplegestation (MG) infants.
Results: The prevalence of ROP was 27.28% (n = 543) among all screened infants, 74.4% for extremely preterm (EP) infants, 77.5% for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies, and 27.25% for infants from MG pregnancies. On multivariate analysis, gestational age, birth weight, and history of transfusion (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.04, respectively) were found to be significantly associated with ROP. More advanced stages of ROP (P < 0.0001) were observed in EP and ELBW infants. Birth weight (P = 0.088), history of transfusion (P = 0.066), and intubation (P = 0.053) were not associated with increased risk of ROP in EP infants, while gestational age (P = 0.037) and history of transfusion (P = 0.040) were significant risk factors for ROP in ELBW infants. Gestational age (P < 0.001) and birth weight (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with ROP in infants from MG pregnancies in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: ROP remains a commonly encountered disease, especially in ELBW and EP infants. The history of transfusion may have a role in stratifying the risk for ROP and guiding future screening guidelines.
Visual Outcomes of Adding Erythropoietin to Methylprednisolone for Treatment of Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis
Authors: Soltan Sanjari Mostafa , Pakdel Farzad , Moosavi Fatemeh , Pirmarzdashti Niloofar , Nojomi Marzieh , Haghighi Anoosheh , Hashemi Masih , Bahmani Kashkouli Mohsen
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To compare the short-term visual function results and safety of erythropoietin as an add-on to the standard corticosteroid therapy in retrobulbar optic neuritis (RON).
Methods: In this prospective pilot study, adult patients with isolated RON with less than 10 days of onset were enrolled. Patients were consecutively assigned to standard intravenous methylprednisolone treatment either in combination with intravenous erythropoietin (20,000 units/day for three days) (group-1) or alone (group-2). Primary outcome measure was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), which was assessed up to 120 days from the day the treatment was begun. Systemic evaluations were performed during and after treatment.
Results: Sixty-two patients with RON (mean age = 26.6 ± 5.77 years; range = 18–40 years) were enrolled into the study (group-1, n = 35; group-2, n = 27). BCVA three months after the treatment was 0.19 ± 0.55 logMAR and 0.11 ± 0.32 logMAR in group-1 and group-2, respectively (95% CI: –0.61–0.16; P = 0.62). Change in BCVA after three months was 2.84 ± 3.49 logMAR in group-1 and 2.46 ± 1.40 logMAR in group-2 (95% CI: –0.93–1.91; P = 0.57). Pace of recovery was not significantly different between the groups. No complications were detected among patients.
Conclusion: Intravenous erythropoietin as an add-on did not significantly improve the visual outcome in terms of visual acuity, visual field, and contrast sensitivity compared to traditional intravenous corticosteroid. This pilot study supports the safety profile of intravenous human recombinant erythropoietin, and it may help formulate future investigations with a larger sample size.
Near Points of Convergence and Accommodation in a Population of University Students in Iran
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Pakbin Mojgan , Ali Babak , Yekta Abbasali , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Asharlous Amir , Aghamirsalim Mohammadreza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To determine the distribution of the near point of convergence (NPC) and near point of accommodation (NPA) in a young student population in Iran.
Methods: The subjects were selected using a cluster sampling method. All students underwent optometry tests, including visual acuity measurement, refraction, and cover test, as well as ophthalmic examinations. The NPC and NPA were measured using an accommodative target (near Snellen chart).
Results: Of 1,595 students, the data of 1,357 were analyzed. The mean NPC and NPA in the total sample were 7.25 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.02 to 7.48) and 9.99 cm (95% CI, 9.69 to 10.29), respectively. Older age was associated with an increase in the NPC, which increased from 6.98 cm in 18–20 years olds to 9.51 cm in those over 30 years. The NPA was significantly associated with age and refractive errors in the multiple linear regression model, increasing from 9.92 cm in 18–20 years olds to 11.44 cm in those over 30 years (P = 0.003). Hyperopic eyes had lower NPA than myopic and emmetropic eyes (P = 0.001). In younger age groups, the mean accommodation amplitude was lower than the mean Hofstetter value. Moreover, with age, especially after 30 years, the mean values surpassed those determined using the Hofstetter formula.
Conclusion: The NPC values in this study were lower than those previously reported for identical age groups. The Hofstetter formula is not always an accurate predictor of the accommodation amplitude in the Iranian adult population.
Effect of Fasting on Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Males
Authors: Ekici Gok Zarife , Gunduz Abuzer , Cankaya Cem
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fasting on contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy male individuals during the month of Ramadan.
Methods: This study included 45 healthy male individuals, aged between 20 and 40 years, working in the same environment. Functional acuity contrast testing (F.A.C.T) was performed using the Optec 6500 vision testing system. Measurements taken during a state of satiety one week before Ramadan were compared with those taken a minimum of 12 hours after the start of fasting in the first and fourth weeks of Ramadan.
Results: Contrast sensitivity (CS) was increased at the spatial frequency of three cycles per degree (cpd) at the end of the first week of Ramadan in comparison to the CS measured before Ramadan (P = 0.03). The mean CS values were increased at the spatial frequencies of 3 and 12 cpd at the end of the last week of Ramadan in comparison to the mean values measured before Ramadan (P = 0.01 for both).
Conclusion: Although we found statistically significant increases in CS at certain frequencies, we can conclude that Ramadan fasting has no negative effects on CS.
Prevalence, Incidence and Ecological Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sadat Mahmoudi Nezhad Golnoush , Razeghinejad Reza , Janghorbani Mohsen , Mohamadian Alireza , Hassan Jalalpour Mohammad , Bazdar Somaye , Salehi Alireza , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To estimate the pooled prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Iran and to investigate their correlations with the Human Development Index (HDI), healthcare access (i.e., density of specialists and sub-specialists), and methodological issues.
Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and local databases were searched for cohort and cross-sectional studies published prior to January 2018. Prevalence and incidence rates of DR were extracted from January 2000 to December 2017 and random effects models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was applied for quality assessment of eligible studies.
Results: A total of 55,445 participants across 33 studies were included. The pooled prevalence (95% CI) of DR in diabetic clinics (22 studies), eye clinics (4 studies), and general population (7 studies) was 31.8% (24.5 to 39.2), 57.8% (50.2 to 65.3), and 29.6% (22.6 to 36.5), respectively. It was 7.4% (3.9 to 10.8) for proliferative DR and 7.1% (4.9 to 9.4) for clinically significant macular edema. The heterogeneity of individual estimates of prevalence was highly significant. HDI (P < 0.001), density of specialists (P = 0.004), subspecialists (P < 0.001), and sampling site (P = 0.041) were associated with heterogeneity after the adjustment for type of DR, duration of diabetes, study year, and proportion of diabetics with controlled HbA1C.
Conclusion: Human development and healthcare access were correlated with the prevalence of DR. Data were scarce on the prevalence of DR in less developed provinces. Participant recruitment in eye clinics might overestimate the prevalence of DR.
Corneal Toxicity due to Datura Inoxia
Authors: Subhash Joshi Rajesh
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To report corneal toxicity following intentional inoculation of the juice of crushed leaves of datura (Datura Inoxia).
Case Report: A 70-year-old male presented with diminished vision, redness, watering, and photophobia in his right eye one day before his presentation. The patient had instilled the juice of datura leaves in his right eye to treat his ocular problems. Slit lamp examination revealed mild conjunctival and circumcorneal congestion, corneal edema, and folds in Descemet’s membrane. The left eye was pseudophakic with an otherwise unremarkable examination. The patient was treated with dexamethasone, cycloplegics, and lubricants. The cornea did not sufficiently recover after one month of treatment leaving him with permanent corneal decompensation that required a referral for keratoplasty. The patient was followed up for six months. We hypothesize damage to the corneal endothelial Na+/K+-ATPase pump by tropane alkaloids as a cause for corneal decompensation.
Conclusion: Awareness about toxicity of this commonly grown plant in the tropics and subtropics is essential in order to avoid blindness due to accidental or deliberate use.
Glaucoma in Ectropion Uveae Syndrome: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hatami Mohammadmehdi , Doozandeh Azadeh , Feizi Mohadeseh
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To report a case of advanced childhood glaucoma secondary to congenital ectropion uveae (CEU).
Case Report: The patient was a seven-year-old boy with unilateral glaucoma secondary to CEU and facial asymmetry, mild unilateral ptosis, and proptosis in the left eye. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 28 mmHg and cup-to-disc ratio was 0.8 in the left eye. After starting glaucoma medication, IOP decreased to 21 mmHg. In view of the uncontrolled IOP with medication and high cup-to-disc ratio and increased axial length of the left eye, mitomycin-C (MMC)-augmented trabeculectomy was planned. Despite sub-tenon MMC injection and bleb needling, the bleb failed after six months, and we had to perform a shunt procedure to control the IOP.
Conclusion: Although CEU is rare, ophthalmologists should be familiar with this syndrome because of the high frequency of glaucoma and its challenging management during childhood.
DRESS Syndrome Secondary to Carbamazepine Therapy Presenting with Bilateral Acute Anterior Uveitis and Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Karuppannasamy Divya , Andavar Raghuram , Arumugam Jayavardhana , Muthuvel Kumaresan
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare, lifethreatening multi-system adverse drug reaction characterized by febrile skin rash, hematologic abnormalities, and involvement of internal organs. We report a case of DRESS syndrome in a child presenting with primary ophthalmic manifestations.
Case Report: An 11-year-old boy presented with severe pain and diminished vision in both eyes six weeks after starting carbamazepine therapy for seizure disorder. Ocular examination revealed features of bilateral acute anterior uveitis, acute onset myopia, and angle closure glaucoma secondary to uveal effusion. Additionally, the patient was febrile with a generalized maculopapular rash, and blood investigations revealed eosinophilic leukocytosis. A diagnosis of carbamazepine-induced DRESS syndrome was made, and carbamazepine therapy was discontinued. Treatment with cycloplegics, topical, and systemic steroids resulted in prompt clinical recovery.
Conclusion: Ophthalmologists should be aware that hypersensitivity to anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, can present with bilateral uveitis and uveal effusion along with systemic symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent vision loss and life-threatening complications. Patients should be counselled about potential adverse effects of anticonvulsants before therapy.
Subconjunctival and Orbital (Twin) Cysticercosis in a Child
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Singh Manpreet , Das Dipankar , Bhattacharjee Harsha
Published: July 2019

This article is a Photo Essay and does not include an Abstract.
Surgical Removal of Submacular Perfluorocarbon Liquid Using a 41-Gauge Extendible Subretinal Injection Needle
Authors: Ghasemi Falavarjani Khalil , Anvari Pasha
Published: July 2019

Submacular perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) retention is a well-known complication of vitreoretinal surgeries; however, the optimal surgical technique for the removal of subfoveal PFCL is yet to be determined. We describe a novel surgical technique for the removal of retained submacular PFCL by performing a retinotomy adjacent to the inferotemporal arcade using a 41-gauge extendible subretinal injection needle and inducing a therapeutic retinal detachment. Through the same retinotomy, the bent 41-gauge needle was advanced into the subretinal space to reach the PFCL bubble. Subsequently, active aspiration of PFCL was performed. The surgical procedure was successfully performed in two patients. This technique appears to be an effective surgical approach for removing retained submacular PFCL bubble.
The promotion of both decent and green jobs through cooperatives
Authors: López Rodríguez Josune
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, it is undeniable that continuous environmental degradation and climate change threaten the sustainability of the planet. As a consequence, there is an urgent need to face these menaces and to promote sustainable development. From this starting point, this paper aims to show how cooperatives can be a useful channel to promote green and decent jobs. In order to achieve this objective, first of all, we will analyse the conceptual scope of green and decent jobs. Secondly, we will highlight the meaning of cooperatives, paying special attention to cooperative values and principles. Thirdly, we will proceed to explain how cooperatives can contribute to encourage green and decent jobs. And, lastly, we will enumerate the main conclusions.Received: 29 November 2018Accepted: 07 March 2019Published online: 22 July 2019
“Nós ficamos sem chão”: A perda de um filho por câncer
Authors: De Lima Daiane , Razera Josiane , De Oliveira Eduarda Lima , Comandulli Brenda Thamires
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender a experiência de uma família que vivenciou o luto pela perda de um filho por câncer. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo, exploratório e corte transversal, ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2016. Os participantes foram acessados por critério de conveniência. Participaram desta pesquisa, um casal que teve duas filhas, sendo uma falecida em decorrência de câncer. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de estudo de caso único, considerando as singularidades do caso. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a dificuldade do casal em abordar o tema da perda da filha, necessitando recorrer à religião e grupos de apoio que possibilitaram a reestruturação familiar. A perda gerou impacto na homeostase familiar, mas possibilitou o fortalecimento do relacionamento entre o casal. A chegada da filha mais nova na família refletiu sentimentos de esperança, ressignificando as expectativas da família.
Câncer bucal, desordens potencialmente malignas e prevenção: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Furtado Lucas Soares Fernandes Aires , Sales Jorge Luiz Alencar Miranda , Fontes Natasha Muniz , Batista Mara Ilka Holanda de Medeiros , Carvalho Alessandra Albuquerque Tavares , Paulino Marcília Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão integrativa sobre o câncer bucal. Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados PUBMED (descritores em inglês), SCIELO e BVS (descritores em português). Foram considerados artigos de 2008-2018. Foram considerados 33 artigos, dois boletins epidemiológicos e um livro de referência. As produções foram divididas em três áreas temáticas a saber: aspectos gerais sobre o câncer bucal; desordens potencialmente malignas e a importância do diagnóstico precoce; e, estratégias de prevenção voltadas para o câncer bucal. O aumento da incidência do câncer bucal configura a doença como problema de saúde pública. A estratégia de redução dos casos está diretamente relacionada ao conhecimento e controle dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença, bem como ao diagnóstico precoce. O cirurgião dentista é responsável pelo diagnóstico precoce do câncer bucal, orientação da população sobre hábitos, riscos e realização de ações preventivas e promoção da saúde. É necessária maior capacitação dos profissionais para prevenção e reconhecimento das lesões visando a intervenção adequada.
Reading Attitude and Its Influence on Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sukarni Semi
Published: July 2019

This paper investigated the level of the students’ reading attitude and examined its influence on their reading comprehension in undergradute program of English Education Muhammadiyah Purworejo University. Sixty two students participated in the study. Two types of instruments were used to collect the data, namely reading attitude questionnaire and reading test. The questionnaire is  in Likert-scale type with five responses in term of agreement with the score starts from 5 – 1. The reading test consists of 40 of multiple-choice type items assessing the students reading skills. Descriptive and inferensial statistics were used to analyze the data, including testing the linearity as the assumption of one set data. For doing the analyses, SPSS version 22 was used. The finding showed that the students’ reading attitude was high as the mean was 78.66 while, the reading comprehension is sufficient as the mean was 64.02. Reading attitude  had significant correlation toward reading comprehension as the r-value was 0.568. In addition, reading attitude  had positive and significant influence on students’ reading comprehension as the R-square= 0.322 with sig. 0.000. Reading attitude  influenced reading comprehension as much as 32.2%, while 67.8% was influenced by other  factors.
Learning Styles and English Proficiency of Undergraduate EFL Students at One State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Marzulina Lenny , Pitaloka Nova Lingga , Yolanda Aren Dwi
Published: July 2019

This study investigated (1) the correlation between each learning style and English proficiency, and investigated (2) the influence of each learning style to English proficiency of undergraduate EFL students of one state Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia. The study was in the form of correlational research method. The population of the study was 537 active EFL students. By using purposive sampling technique, there were 82 students involved as participants. The data were gained by using two instruments: Barsch Learning Styles Questionnaire and TOEFL prediction test. The result showed that 1) 34.0% of students preferred in visual learning style, 43% of students preferred in Auditory learning style, and 23% of students preferred in Kinesthetic learning style. 2) the coefficient correlation between visual learning style preference and English proficiency with r-obtained was (0.430). It was higher than r-table (.2565), then Ha1 was accepted and Ho1 was rejected. It indicated that there was a significant correlation between visual learning styles and their English proficiency. 3) The coefficient correlation between Auditory learning style and English proficiency was (0.2565). It was lower than r-table (.2565), then Ho2 was accepted and Ha2 was rejected. 4) The coefficient correlation between Kinesthetic learning styles and English Proficiency was (-0.166). It was lower than r-table (.2565), then Ho3 was accepted, and Ha3 was rejected. It showed that there was no significant correlation between kinesthetic learning style and English proficiency of EFL students. Besides, there was also a significant influence of visual learning style on English proficiency with 18.5% contributions.
|Vol. 6| No. 1|Year 2019
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: July 2019

Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran provides a vital forum for exchanging ideas in order to enrich the theories and practices of English education in Indonesia and across the globe. The journal focuses, but not limited to, on the following topics: English language teaching, language teaching and learning, language teaching methodologies, pedagogical techniques, teaching and curricular practices, curriculum development and teaching methods, program, syllabus, and materials design, second and foreign language teaching and learning, language education, teacher education and professional development, teacher training, cross-cultural studies, bilingual and multilingual education, translation, language teaching for specific purposes, new technologies in language teaching, and testing and evaluation. It provides an academic platform for teachers, lecturers, and researchers to contribute innovative work in the field.
Evaluating Turkish science curriculum with PISA scientific literacy framework
Authors: CANSIZ Nurcan , CANSIZ Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Any society needs more
scientifically literate citizens even if they do not follow a career in
science. In the 2015 PISA assessment, Turkey ranked 34th among 35
OECD countries based on science literacy scores. The relatively unsuccessful
results of Turkey from international level examinations like PISA has
necessitated the questioning of various components of science education. One of
these components is surely the science curriculum. Being aware of this, we investigated
the primary and middle school Turkish science curriculum for the balance of
science literacy aspects based on the PISA 2015 science literacy framework.
This framework defines scientific literacy under four aspects, namely contexts,
knowledge, competencies, and attitudes. The results revealed that the Turkish
science curriculum does not adequately reflect all dimensions of science
literacy and is dominated by the pure knowledge of the content of science. The
curriculum developers should consider these two points in future curriculum
revisions to increase our success in international examinations like PISA and
to help raise scientifically literate students.
Demorphologization of the proto-arawakan privative *ma- in Terena
Authors: Carvalho Fernando O. de
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the etymology of two lexical items of Terena, an Arawakan language from southwestern Brazil. Etymologization of the nouns mojénoti ‘orphan’ and moʃêu ‘barren, sterile’ shows that they preserve traces of the Proto-Arawakan Privative prefix *ma-, now demorphologized as part of synchronically unanalyzable roots. Since PA *ma- appears as mo- in Pre-Terena, Proto-Mojeño and Baure, the present work also provides evidence for the shared development *a > o, of still unclear conditioning, for the Bolívia-Paraná subgroup of the Arawakan language family, improving on an earlier formulation by Payne (1991). Other developments directly related to the comparative equations supporting each etymology are also discussed. A direct implication of these findings is that the hypothesis that PA *ma- > o- in Terena, advanced by Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken (2011), can be safely rejected.
Examining the contributing factors of bank profitability in south Asian countries
Authors: Ashraf Naseem - , Butt Qurra Tul Ain
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Using panel data approach in Pakistani banking sector for 7 year time period from 2010 to 2016, the aim behind this study was to examine the bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability
Research Design: Quantitative research design has been employed with OLS, random effect model and fixed effect model, moreover regression and correlation analysis has been used in this study
Findings: Rise in NPLs ratio, Loan loss provision, inflation and exchange rate reduces the profitability of banks while increase in market power, bank size, capital adequacy enhance the profitability
Practical Implication: The deleterious impact of different indicators on profitability of banks shows that distressed banking sector can cause hindrance in not only growth of financial sector but can also cause the poor growth of economy. Outcomes of the study emphasis on the need of clear-out of NPLs to keep financial sector sound as NPLs cause high loan loss provision which effect the capitalization of banks that ultimately effect the economic growth of financial as well as other sectors of economy. Banking supervisory agencies should pay attention towards banking monitory policies and banks macroeconomic policies
Originality/value: This study examine the impact of all three types of indicator (Bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic) on banks profitability by employing latest data from 2010 to 2016 in which major reforms were held in banking industry of Pakistan because there exist rare studies with all three types of variables with latest figures
The Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Communication
Authors: Erdogan Selda
Published: July 2019

Economic performance of countries is closely related to corporate governance systems of companies. For this reason, economic developments are affected by a positive or negative relationship according to the system’s practices. The companies which have weak corporate governance principles can cause narrow operation in capital markets of countries. At the end of this situation, the country’s economy is influenced adversely. If enterprises have a strong governance, the companies will provide more accurate investments with external and internal financial resources. Following this, it helps to achieve more efficient economic operation for both stakeholders and management staff. As a result of that, capital market operations occur in more comprehensive and more powerful manner and the country’s economy is affected positively. In this context, article tells the importance of corporate governance in financial communication while mentioning the kinds of implementing in developing and developed countries and it investigates the increased effect on global competition.
Performance Evaluation of Mid-Cap Retail Equity Mutual Funds
Authors: Kaushik Abhay
Published: July 2019

Mid-cap funds invest in stocks with a market cap between $2 billion and $10 billion. Some of the mid-cap firms recently overcame their small-cap status, but are still in the high growth mode with a better market positioning and stronger balance sheet. Because of their size and status, mid-cap stocks offer a unique platform to portfolio managers of mid-cap funds to earn superior returns by using their selectivity skills. This study analyzes the performance and persistence of performance of 257 U.S. domiciled retail mid-cap funds from January 2000 to December 2017. The results of this study suggest that despite the interesting platform offered by these stocks, it is not easy for fund managers to pick the stocks that beat the market. The results of this study show that mid-cap funds do not outperform the market and their poor performance persists over time.
Regulatory Corporate Governance and the Valuation of IPO Firms
Authors: Rhodes Heather N , Ligon James A.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to evaluate the effect of regulatory corporate governance mandates on the valuation of equity-issuing firms in the U.S. Using a matched sample, we examine how the Exchange Listing Requirements, specifically, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), generally, affect IPO valuations. Board structure compliance provides no consistent valuation benefit. We find some evidence of negative effects for firms whose board structure is significantly altered by Reform and among small firms. The absence of increased valuations post-Reform suggests that there is little to offset the loss of private control benefits that Reform represents (post-Reform insider ownership and founder involvement are lower) and, thus, at the margin, Reform creates incentives for some firms to stay private. While the 2012 JOBS Act reduced the burden of registration, reporting and accounting requirements of SOX for small firms, it did nothing to change the board structure requirements of these firms. The results of this study together with those of Wintoki (2007) and Rhodes (2018) suggest that regulations pertaining to the board structure requirements of small equity-issuing firms should either be modified to allow more flexibility or repealed altogether. If lawmakers ultimately relax these requirements, future studies may focus on changes in board structures, private benefits of control, and the rates at which firms access public equity markets.
Keefektifan Kelompok Belajar Siswa Berdasarkan Sosiometri dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Matematika di SMP
Authors: Nur Hadi Sigit , Juliani Noor Aisjah
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya keinginan mengembangkan kemampuan menyelesaiakan soal cerita dalam pembelajaran matematika. Metode pembelajaran kelompok yang dibentuk berdasarkan sosiometri mampu meningkatkan keaktifan siswa sehingga lebih lanjut dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektivan kelompok belajar berdasakan sosiometri dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Dengan teknik purposive random sampling diperoleh kelas VIII D sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran langsung dan kelas VIII E sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan pembelajaran kelompok berdasarkan sosiometri. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, tes, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rata-rata, standar deviasi, uji pendahuluan, uji beda, dan aktivitas siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan dari hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol. Namun, aktivitas siswa kelas eksperimen menunjukkan hasil yang positive yaitu cenderung lebih aktif. Kata kunci: kelompok belajar berdasarkan sosiometri, keefektifan, menyelesaikan soal cerita
Model Pembelajaran Generatif untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa
Authors: Zulkarnain Iskandar , Rahmawati Agustini
Published: July 2019

Matematika sebagai ilmu dasar bagi pengembangan disiplin ilmu yang lain memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Namun, pentingnya matematika bagi kehidupan tidak sejalan dengan hasil pendidikan matematika (kemampuan matematis siswa).Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah  dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran generatif, yaitu model yang menuntut siswa aktif dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perkembangan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif  dengan siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran langsung dan mengetahui respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu  dengan populasi seluruh kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Banjarmasin. Teknik pengambilan sampel mengunakan teknik purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan dengan random sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan rata-rata, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan  yang signifikan rata-rata perkembangan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif dan siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran langsung. Rata-rata perkembangan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran langsung. Hal ini juga didukung oleh hasil angket siswa yang menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan model pembelajaran generatif. Kata kunci : model pembelajaran generatif, kemampuan penalaran matematis.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Danaryati Agni , Pramata Sari Delsika
Published: July 2019

Matematika merupakan salah satu bahasa yang juga dapat digunakan dalam berkomunikasi selain bahasanya sendiri. Komunikasi merupakan kemampuan untuk menggunakan bahasa matematika untuk mengekspresikan gagasan matematis dan argumen dengan tepat, singkat dan logis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum teaching terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen. Populasi penelitian adalah semua siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rata-rata, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji beda. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa (1) kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran quantum teaching menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung, (2) model pembelajaran quantum teaching berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis maupun hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan model pembelajaran langsung di kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2013-2014, dan (3) model pembelajaran quantum teaching berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis untuk setiap aspek yang diteliti dibandingkan model pembelajaran langsung di kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin tahun pelajaran 2013-2014. Kata kunci: pengaruh, model pembelajaran quantum teaching, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, hasil belajar siswa
Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Matematika di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Mawaddah Siti , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: July 2019

Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat memacu semangat siswa untuk secara aktif ikut terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran dan dapat mengembangkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah adalah model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah  merupakan suatu model pembelajaran dimana siswa menyelesaikan permasalahan yang autentik dengan maksud untuk menyusun pengetahuan mereka sendiri, mengembangkan inkuiri dan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, mengembangkan kemandirian dan percaya diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat mengembangkan  kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika dalam setiap aspek di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Gambut tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Gambut. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling (sampel bertujuan) sehingga diperoleh kelas VII A sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, dokumentasi dan  tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rata-rata , persentase, uji normalitas, dan uji beda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat mengembangkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika secara signifikan di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Gambut tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Kata kunci:model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, mengembangkan, kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika.