bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an Understanding of Embodiment in Digital Space – A Practical Theological Perspective
Authors: Matthee Nicolaas
Published: May 2024

This article presents a theoretical exploration of the notion of embodiment as it pertains to practical theology and lived religion. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, religious communities responded by increasing engagement with digital spaces and digital forms of worship. This necessarily challenges traditional notions around the idea of embodiment and how the body is understood in non-corporeal religious space. Contemporary memorial culture and its ritualised behaviour provides an effective lens with which to observe and study the evolving role and understanding of digital embodiment. This article uses a ritual perspective to deconstruct traditional notions around the corporeal body and explores the role of memory as an important consideration at the nexus of offline-online life.
Pelatihan Permainan Tradisional Sunda Manda Sebagai Media Etnomatematika Dan Motorik AUD
Authors: Asyura Ira , Supriadi Idris , Jannah Rihatul , Maarif Minhatul , Linda Linda , Munawar Badri , Kamali Asep Saefullah
Published: May 2024

Children's ability to explore their knowledge through play will optimize children's growth and development because through play children gain their own learning experiences. Teachers must have broad insight into developing what is around them to use as games, one of which is using traditional games in learning. This community empowerment activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Kindergarten/RA teachers to recognize and utilize traditional games as a medium for learning mathematics, aspects included in early childhood motor development, both fine and gross motor skills and their evaluation in learning, as well as encouraging kindergarten/RA teachers to be creative in creating fun mathematics learning at an early age by learning while playing. The community service carried out takes a community-based empowerment scheme, where the communities used as partners are non-productive. The partner in this activity is the Raudhatul Athfal Teachers Association (IGRA) in the Cikedal sub-district. The implementation method that will be carried out is a) preparing tools in the form of Sunda Manda traditional game puzzle; b) conducting FGD preparation for training; c) implementation training; and d) implementation in learning. The results after carrying out this service activity were that the teacher was very enthusiastic about listening to the presentation of material from the resource person, and the teacher was very cheerful when carrying out a game simulation accompanied by STKIP student Syekh Manshur. The implication after carrying out this activity is that there is a relationship between memory and motor development. Therefore, the Sunda Manda traditional game is very appropriate to be used as an ethnomathematics medium that introduces mathematical material through culture, and a medium for early childhood motoric development.
Pelatihan Komunikasi Berbasis Parent-Child Communication bagi Petugas/ Wali Anak Binaan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Bandung
Authors: Maslihah Sri , Wulandari Anastasia , Zulnida Eka Fauziyya , Nurendah Gemala
Published: May 2024

Salah satu implementasi dari Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak adalah bagaimana memberikan ruang pembinaan yang ramah anak bagi anak-anak yang berkonflik hukum (ABH)  yang mendapatkan vonis untuk menjalani pembinaan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA), yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak (LAPAS Anak).  Untuk itu salah satu keterampilan dasar yang perlu dimiliki petugas terutama yang menjadi wali/pengasuh anak binaan LPKA adalah keterampilan komunikasi khususnya komunikasi dengan ABH yang menjadi anak binaan LPKA.  Dalam upaya membantu meningkatkan kompetensi wali anak binaan LPKA  dalam membangun komunikasi dengan anak binaan  dilakukan kegiatan Pelatihan Komunikasi berbasis Parent Child Communication bagi petugas/wali anak binaan LPKA Bandung.  Kegiatan pelatihan didahului dengan pretest  untuk mengukur gambaran komunikasi petugas dengan anak binaan.  Selanjutnya petugas diberikan pelatihan komunikasi berbasis Parent Child Communication  dengan pemberian materi tentang teori terkait Parent Child Communication   dan simulasi komunikasi dengan anak binaan. Subyek pelatihan adalah 13 orang petugas LPKA Kelas I Bandung yang menjadi petugas wali. Satu bulan setelah pelatihan kepada petugas yang mengikuti pelatihan diberikan post test. Hasil analisis  data uji beda komunikasi petugas dan anak binaan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pelatihan menunjukkan nilai koefisien beda dengan  t sebesar -9,909 dengan p sebesar 0,000 (p < 0.01) artinya, terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi petugas dan anak binaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pelatihan komunikasi berbasis Parent Child Communication.  Selain itu berdasarkan hasil wawancara kepada empat orang perwakilan  petugas yang mengikuti pelatihan, keempatnya   memberikan respon yang positif atas penyelenggaraaan pelatihan ini baik untuk peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan  komunikasi dengan anak binaan serta menyampaikan manfaat materi yang disampaikan dalam membantu petugas dalam perannya sebagai wali anak binaan LPKA
Edukasi Gizi Seimbang sebagai Upaya Pencegahan ?Penyakit Degeneratif pada Remaja SMP
Authors: Solikhah Lilik Sofiatus , Tumewu Zefanya , Weiha Rati Oktrin , . Nurjannah , Sari Putri Mayang , Ramadhan Doni
Published: May 2024

Penyakit degeneratif tidak hanya terjadi pada lansia dan dewasa saja, melainkan juga pada remaja jika pola makannya tidak sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang. Pedoman gizi seimbang merupakan kumpulan makanan dan minuman dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan harian tubuh dengan tetap memperhatikan prinsip keberagaman makanan, aktivitas fisik, perilaku hidup bersih, dan pemantauan berat badan secara teratur. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa/siswi tentang gizi seimbang. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, Focus Groub Discussion (FGD), dan tanya jawab. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner pengetahuan yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa/siswi terkait gizi seimbang dari nilai rata-rata 59% menjadi 85%. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah edukasi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi siswa/siswi sehingga tenaga gizi di puskesmas setempat disarankan untuk turut memberikan edukasi tentang pedoman gizi seimbang pada siswa/siswi agar pencegahan penyakit degeneratif dapat dilakukan sejak dini.
Penerapan Kelembagaan Ekonomi untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani Penerima Dana Replanting Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Saragih Wismaroh Sanniwati , Siregar Budi Alamsyah
Published: May 2024

Petani kelapa sawit rakyat merupakan salah satu aktor penting dalam menjaga kelangsungan keberlanjutan produksi kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Berbagai permasalahan mendasar yang dihadapi petani kelapa sawit rakyat antara lain terkait dengan pendapatan yang tidak ada pada saat tanaman belum menghasilkan, legalitas lahan serta terbatasnya kemampuan mereka dalam mengelola pertanaman kelapa sawit yang baik, akses terhadap dana, informasi harga berlaku, serta penggunaan sarana produksi dan kualitas pertanian. Penerapan kelembagaan ekonomi kebun kelapa sawit rakyat memerlukan perhatian dan dukungan pemerintah dan pelaku usaha lain dalam replanting kelapa sawit. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan penerapan  kelembagaan ekonomi melalui penyuluhan, diskusi dan memberikan contoh kepada petani yang sudah melakukan dan mendapat manfaat peran kelembagaan ekonomi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan sebelum tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah terlaksana dalam bentuk penyuluhan, diskusi dengan penerapan kelembagaan ekonomi yang diusulkan melibatkan koperasi, kelompok tani kecil, dan didukung oleh lembaga penyedia regulasi, keuangan, dan input dengan program kemitraan program sawit rakyat di kecamatan Bangun Purba Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Kenali Berbagai Macam Profesi Farmasi Sebagai Salah Satu Key Answer Dunia Kerja Generasi Z
Authors: Mustiqawati Evi , Yolandari Sri , Nurwanti Ratih , Supardi Suparman , Syafriah Wa Ode
Published: May 2024

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan suatu pelayanan langsung yang bertanggung jawab kepada pasien berkaitan dengan sedian farmasi untuk mencapai hasil yang pasti demi meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien. Pelayanan kefarmasian dibantu oleh seorang apoteker pendamping dan/atau tenaga teknis kefarmasian yang terdiri atas Sarjana Farmasi, Ahli Madya Farmasi dan Tenaga Menengah Farmasi/Asisten Apoteker. Banyak Masyarakat maupun Pelajar masih sangat minim mengetahui lebiih luas tentang profesi kefarmasian, olehnya itu dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan pelatihan terhadap peserta didik SMA N 1 Pasar wajo dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan peserta didik Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA) terkait pembelajaran kesehatan kefarmasian serta meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta didik terhadap peran seorang profesi farmasis dalam dunia kerja. Kegiatan ini dibantu oleh 1 Mahasiswa D3 Farmasi. Kegiatan  pertama  yaitu  menjelaskan tentang pengertian farmasi, profesi farmasi, ruang lingkup berbagai macam profesi kefarmasian, serta tugas profesi farmasi yang dilanjutkan sesi Tanya jawab, Kegiatan kedua yaitu mengenalkan   dunia kerja dan education terhadap profesi sebagai Farmasi yaitu terkait tenaga kesehatan, industri obat, makanan dan kosmetik dengan materi. Kegiatan ini di lakukan dengan menunjukkan gambar diserta penjelasan, kemudian akan ditanyakan kembali ke siswa benar telah paham terhadap materi yang diberikan dan kegiatan ketiga yaitu memberikan informasi mengenai pemakain obat secara rasional, obat tradisional maupun obat sintetik beserta materi, dan juga melakukan penyuluhan terkait peluang-peluang apa saja yang dapat diraih dalam dunia kerja yang semakin berkembang sebagai seorang berprofesi  kefarmasian.  Kegiatan  ini  bertujuan  untuk      memberikan informasi kepada peserta didik mengenai penggunaan obat yang rasional dengan tepat dosis, jika mendapatkan obat maka sesuai aturan penggunaan obatnya. Diperhatikan penyimanan dan kadaluarsa/rusak suatu obat. Pada akhir kegiatan    disampaikan    begitu pentingnya peran profesi kefarmasian dan   banyaknya peserta didik yang tertarik untuk menjadi seorang profesi                                                                                                            Farmasi
Resiliency and Expectations
Authors: Stott Shelley
Published: May 2024

Every missionary comes to the field with expectations. When reality and expectations collide, how can the missionary press on and thrive in the work God has called her to? Stott provides a biblical response to this common missionary struggle.
Missionary Resilience in a World in Constant Movement
Authors: Key Guy
Published: May 2024

The writer has 40 years of experience on the mission field. He shares some lessons on being resilient on the mission field and not giving up on the task of serving cross-culturally.
Resilience and Perseverance: My Story
Authors: Naylor Rebekah
Published: May 2024

As a cross-cultural worker facing adversity and challenge, how can a person be resilient and perservere in the call God has given?  Based on fifty years serving in healthcare missions, the author describes some key principles in running the race with perseverance.
Pioneer Plowing
Authors: Grayson Matt
Published: May 2024

This article provides principles and truths to help missionaries persevere and remain resilient for long term service overseas, especially in pioneer areas of the world.
Missionaries and Biblical Friendships
Authors: Stormer Aaron
Published: May 2024

Friendship can be defined in many ways. In many cases the definition and necessity of friendship is shaped by context, culture, and life experiences. In the context of missions, friendship can be the factor to ministerial durability.  Biblical friendship is a God given gift that empowers and encourages believers and serves as a reflection for the world of the love of Christ. Biblical friendship is both God’s design and His gift. The missionary that wishes to endure well, serve faithfully, and thrive where they live needs to understand the importance of friendship and then put into practice God’s gift of biblical friendship.
Analyzing the Social Impact of Informal Education in Vietnam in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Van Thinh Pham
Published: May 2024

In the early 20th century, the Confucian intellectual elites in Vietnam developed the informal education into a movement to fight against the contemporary government. Surpassing the goal of the cultural and social struggle between the intellectuals and the ruling government, the informal education activity became a large movement, evoking a variety of issues that need to be researched in reference to education. The article collects documents and presents the course of this informal education, from the explosive premises making its heyday in Vietnam, such as the new breeze of Journey to the east movement, the unprecedented hallmark of Modernization movement. From the results, the informal education left the wide range of valuable experiences of academical ideas, organizational levels, learning and teaching principles, guidelines for developing national education. Vietnam’s informal education in the early 20th century needs to be researched more deeply from the educational perspective.
Negotiating complex issues with little fervour? Why peace processes in territorial conflicts tend to produce incomplete outcomes
Authors: Dankenbring Meri , Volg Iris , Ruhe Constantin
Published: May 2024

There is widespread consensus in peace research that territorial conflicts are more enduring and difficult to settle than non-territorial conflicts. However, theoretical explanations for this relationship vary. We apply a new conceptual framework to integrate existing explanations into a broader theory. We highlight how earlier work suggests alternative mechanisms: Either actors in territorial intra-state conflicts are less willing to compromise at the negotiation table, or the most relevant negotiation topics on the table in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. This theoretical argument directly translates into a statistical model, enabling us to measure and compare the latent compromise propensity and the relative difficulty of negotiation topics in territorial versus non-territorial conflicts. In a preregistered analysis, we find that comprehensive peace agreements are less likely in territorial civil wars because topics primarily relevant in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. Further analyses show that territorial conflicts also have a lower overall compromise propensity than government conflicts, but background conditions account for this association.
BRAINS How they Seem to Work Revised Edition with Three New Chapters
Authors: Purves Dale
Published: May 2024

Preface to the Revised Edition (2020)Nearly a decade having passed since I wrote the first edition—and still being alive and more or less compos mentis—I thought it important to bring the book up-to-date both personally and in terms of current thinking about how brains work and how one might understand them. To this end, I have added three new chapters. I remain inspired by the conviction that the way brains work can be understood, and I am pretty sure the conclusion will be that nervous systems are nothing more than an enormously complex skein of empirical associations that have kept animals going strong for over 500 million years and counting.Dale PurvesDurham, NCSeptember, 2020
Intergenerational Justice and Institutions for the Long Term
Authors: González-Ricoy Iñigo
Published: May 2024

Institutions to address short-termism in public policymaking and to more suitably discharge our duties toward future generations have elicited much recent normative research, which this chapter surveys. It focuses on two prominent institutions: insulating devices, which seek to mitigate short-termist electoral pressures by transferring authority away to independent bodies, and constraining devices, which seek to bind elected officials to intergenerationally fair rules from which deviation is costly. The chapter first discusses sufficientarian, egalitarian, and prioritarian theories of our duties toward future generations, and how an excessive focus on the short term in policymaking may hinder that such duties be suitably fulfilled. It then surveys constraining and insulating devices, and inspects their effectiveness to address the epistemic, motivational, and institutional drivers of political short-termism as well as their intra- and intergenerational legitimacy.
Cognitive Entanglement and Individual Responsibility for Structural Injustice
Authors: Lerner Adam B.
Published: May 2024

Recent years’ political debates have raised questions regarding how to understand individuals’ responsibilities for repairing unjust structures they may perpetuate, but do not directly cause. Though Iris Marion Young’s conceptualization of structural injustice has become widespread in political theory, disagreements persist due to divergent and narrow understandings of intentionality. Some deny that individuals intentionally reinforce unjust structures, while others attempt to trace causality sufficiently finely to attribute such responsibility. This paper offers a novel cognitive entanglement model to move forward these debates, drawing on insights from neo-pragmatism and enactivist philosophy of mind. This model demonstrates how, to the degree that individuals cognitively entangle themselves with unjust structures, offloading cognitive responsibilities to them and uncritically accepting their logics, we can attribute extended intentionality and, along with it, an attenuated form of moral responsibility to inform differential obligations in the context of collective action. This framework explains how individuals relate to unjust structures, while also clarifying methods for combatting structural injustice through cognitive disentanglement—regaining critical perspective and cognitive distance from unjust institutions. I illustrate this framework’s utility via the complex case of the UK’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the structural injustice it perpetuated. After considering relevant mitigating circumstances, this model can help move forward tendentious political debates, including over individual responsibilities to pay reparations.
अर्थतन्त्रको सामाजिक र राजनीतिक प्रभाव
Authors: थापामगर Thapamagar प्रकाश Prakash
Published: May 2024

समाज अर्थतन्त्रकै अभिव्यक्ति हो । अर्थतन्त्र जुन प्रकारको छ, समाज पनि त्यही प्रकारले सबल वा निर्बल हुन्छ । त्यही सीमाभित्र रहेर अर्थतन्त्रका सामाजिक र राजनीतिक प्रभाव अभिव्यक्त हुन्छन् । प्रस्तुत लेखमा नेपालको वर्तमान अर्थतन्त्रलाई आधार बनाएर त्यसको सामाजिक र राजनीतिक प्रभावबारे चर्चा गरिएको छ । यस लेखको सार हाम्रो देशको वर्तमान अर्थतन्त्र कमजोर मात्रै होइन, परनिर्भर समेत रहेकाले त्यसको प्रतिबिम्ब सामाजिक र राजनीतिक क्षेत्रमा देखा परेको पुष्टि गर्नु हो । त्यस क्रममा  सामाजिक प्रभाव र राजनीतिक प्रभावबारे सङ्क्षेपमा तथ्य विचार गरिएको छ । अमूर्त प्रकारले भन्दा पनि अर्थतन्त्रका प्रतिनिधिमूलक तथ्याङ्क प्रस्तुत गरेर त्यस आधारमा सामाजिक र राजनीतिक अवस्था सम्बन्धी निष्कर्ष खोज्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । त्यस क्रममासम्बन्धित क्षेत्रका आधिकारिक तथ्याङ्क प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन वर्तमान सामाजिक विकृतिको आधार अर्थतन्त्रको कमजोर र परनिर्भर अवस्था नै हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकाल्न गरिएको हो । अध्ययनबाट त्यो लक्ष्य प्राप्त भएको छ । अर्थतन्त्र दुर्बलवा परनिर्भर भएकै कारण त्यसको प्रतिबिम्ब स्वरूप सामाजिक समस्या उत्पन्न भएका छन् । त्यही समाजबाट राजनीतिक नेतृत्व आएकाले आर्थिक र सामाजिक समस्या समाधान हुन सकिरहेको छैन l
मगर संस्कृतिको सामाजिक प्रकार्य
Authors: सिङ्जाली Singjali विष्णु कुमार Bishnu kumar
Published: May 2024

बहुभाषिक–बहुसांस्कृतिक नेपालमा मगरभाषा–संस्कृति पनि राज्यको एउटा सम्पदा हो ।ऐतिहासिक कालमा राज्यसत्ताको असमान व्यवहारबाट नेपाली समाजमा जुन प्रकारले वर्ग विभाजन,स्तरीकरण (स्ट्राटिफिकेसन) र विविधीकरण भए पनि त्यो परिस्थितिमा मगर संस्कृतिले मौलाउने उचित वातावरण प्राप्त गरेन । तर पनि मगर संस्कृति निमिट्यान्न भएन । यसले मगर समाजलाई अगाडि बढाइरह्यो । पछिल्लो समयमा व्यापक रूपमा मगर संस्कृतिमा बाह्य हस्तक्षेप बढेकाले समाजको संरचनामा पनि असर गर्यो । समाजका संरचनाका भागहरूले एकआपसमा काम गर्न सकेनन् । एकआपसमा समन्वयन गर्न सकेनन् । यसले गर्दा समाजमा विचलन आयो । सुकार्य गरिरहेको सामाजिक संरचनामा अकार्यहरू पनि देखियो । राज्यसत्ता, विकास जस्ता बाह्य प्रभावले गर्दा मगर संस्कृतिमा अकार्य (डिस्फङ्सन) बढ्यो । यसले गर्दा मगरसंस्कृतिको लोपोन्मुखता पनि बढ्दै गएको देखिन्छ । यस लेखमा यही सामाजिक संरचनात्मक र प्रकार्यात्मक समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टिकोणमा रहेर मगरसंस्कृतिको सामाजिक प्रकार्यका बारेमा उल्लेख गर्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ ।
Problem and Prospects of Nepali Historiography
Authors: Bhandari Arjun Bahadur
Published: May 2024

The art of writing history, developed from the 5th century BC with an account of the personal events and epics of kings, emperors, war events. Now the historian has begun the scientific approach on history writing based on the collection, analysis and refinement of facts by scientific method. Reflection of Political change around the world has been seen in history writing. After the democratization of the world it should be more transparent and people oriented. In opposite to democratic value (historiography should be more transparent, scientifically credible, people based and reliable), spontaneity have been introduced in historiography. Historiography could not remain untouched by the effects of change around the world and Nepali historiography didn’t become an exception in this context. It is found that the work of writing the history of Nepal started from foreign scholars. Since the military officers and foreign diplomats who came to Nepal after the Sugauli Treaty (1816 A.D.) were the beginners of writing the history of Nepal. Some of the contexts of the history written by those foreigners seem to be more controversial and subjective than factual. The English and European historians who contributed to the writing of the history of Nepal, they didn’t understand the essence of scientific historiography. Also, their attitude towards Nepal and Nepalis was not respectable. The history written by such officials and the context of rewritten history giving details of the same history has not become credible in today's world of science. More recently, social issues such as ethnicity, regionalism has been distorted and misinterpreted and social hatred has been spread through history. History written today with subjectivity, passed on to future generations, it will be against the spirit and essence of scientific historiography. This article is based on qualitative research and seeks to discuss the challenges faced by historian on contemporary Nepali historiography. In-depth interview and library research approaches are being employed to collect the data. This is a descriptive study limited to historical research. This article also emphasizes the Nepali historian to accept the challenge seen in writing Nepali history and pass on the truth, facts and scientific history to the future generation. Many Nepali scholars have contributed in Nepali historiography but they are not free from the traditional perspective thus it is the time to write Subaltern history to explore the real Nepali historiography to the writing of factual Nepali history.
Prospects and Challenges for the Sustainable Development of Wellness Tourism in Nepal
Authors: Oli Lal Bahadur , Bhattarai Ghanashyam
Published: May 2024

Not available
Changing Structure of Concessional Loan in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Shyam Sunder
Published: May 2024

This article highlights the changing scenario of concessional loan in Nepal. It examines the policies, trends, and structural shifts within the country’s financial framework. A concessional loan is a crucial tool for the economic development of Nepal. It aimed at promoting economic efficiency and equitable distribution of income throughout the country. Using secondary data from FY 2017/18 to FY 2021/22, this study evaluates the trend and structure of concessional loan in Nepal. The findings reveal that there is a significant surge in both the volume of concessional loan and the number of borrowers across different headings of concessional loan. Particularly, the number of borrowers of Women entrepreneurship loan are remarkably increased in the recent years. However, the concentration of loan among larger borrowers and the misappropriation of funds raises concerns regarding the program’s effectiveness. Furthermore, the commercial banks play a dominant role in disbursing concessional loan. Agricultural Development Bank Limited is a key contributor, aligning with the government’s focus on promoting the agricultural sector. This study recommended a call for a comprehensive evaluation of the concessional loan program. The reevaluation of the program could be crucial to fine-tune the policies, address challenges, and focus the program toward its goals of enhancing productivity, promoting financial inclusion, and fostering equal distribution income distribution in Nepal.
Factors Affecting Investment Decisions of Permanent School Teachers in Pokhara
Authors: Subedi Yubaraj
Published: May 2024

Investing is the use of money to increase its worth or generate more revenue. This article has been designed to examine the factors affecting investment decision of permanent school teachers in Pokhara. This study is based on causal comparative research design. It has used structured questionnaire to collect information. Samples were selected by multi sampling technique, selecting the than Chhorepatan Resource Center by purposive sampling in the first and selecting 139 permanent school teachers by simple random sampling in the second stage. The Total population of permanent school teachers of Pokhara Metropolitan City was 1,588 and targeted population was 211. The reliability of data is checked by calculating Cronbach Alpha and it was 0.77. Accounting information (AI), Firm`s Image (FI), Advocate Recommendation (AR), Personal Financial Need (PFA) and Dividend Policy (DP) were independent variable and Investment Decision (ID) was dependent variable. This research discovered that 61.2% of permanent teachers invest their fund in equity share. Lump sum investment method was more popular than systematic investment plan and monthly investment. 80% of permanent teachers invest less than 20% of their savings. Respondents prefers both cash and stock dividend policy. Regular income was found as main objective of investment. Friends and coworker’s advice was also considering while investing in equity share. This research has also presumed that there was positive significant relation between investment decisions and decision factors. It is suggested to the investors of stock market, to analyze the fundamental factors of issuer and the issuer should follow regular dividend policy to attract the value investors toward their securities.
A Study on Myths and History of Indrathan, Dahachowk
Authors: Thapa Sabita
Published: May 2024

Indradaha has its own cultural importance. There is a myth that "Indra", King of heaven during Satya Yuga came here and took bath. On every Bhadra Shukla Purnima Day, a day after Indra Jatra celebration in Basantapur, thousands of people visit this place for taking bath in this pond. Archaeology, the scientific study of the material remains of past human life and activities. Archaeological investigations are a principal source of knowledge of prehistoric, ancient, and extinct culture. In the Satyayuga, it is believed that King Indra of the heavens came and tied an elephant in a gold necklace and bathed in Indradaha. On the occasion of Indradaha bathing fair on the hill, it is considered to be a wonderful feature to fill Indradaha completely. This place has its own value including different myths and settled pattern of local people from the ancient era. To explore more about the Indrathan, the most famous deities were stablished i.e. Indra, Indrayani, Basuki, and other idols next to the Indra place are privileged to worship Ganesha, Surya, Durga, Bhairav, Garuda, and Saligram etc. another important aspect of explore this place is mythological significance is found in the Nepal Mahatma of chapter 185 under the snowy section of the skanda purana Most of the local people says about indrathan is related with indrajatra which is held in Kathmandu valley and another myth about kalu panday.
नवपाषाण उपकरण ‘बैथर’ पूर्वी पहाडका किरातहरुको संस्कृति र प्राग्इतिहास
Authors: चाम्लिङ भोगीराज
Published: May 2024

हलेसी र समग्र पूर्वी पहाडमा नवपाषाण उपकरण बैथर थुप्रै संख्यामा फेला पार्न सकिन्छ तर लोप हुने क्रम पनि तीव्र छ । यो लेखमा पूर्वी पहाडका किरात राईहरुले वज्रढुंगाका रुपमा घरघरमा सुरक्षित राखिने नवपाषाण उपकरण ‘बैथर’ र त्यसको किरात राई समाजमा विद्यमान सांस्कृतिक स्थानका आधारमा प्राग्इतिहासबारे विमर्श गरिएको छ । तसर्थ, यो लेख प्राग्इतिहास अध्ययनमा नवीन प्राज्ञिक अन्वेषण गर्ने अग्रसरता हो । पुरातात्विक शिल्पकृतिसम्बन्धी व्याख्यामा सामाजिक आधार प्रदान गर्न तथा प्राग्ऐतिहासिक युगसम्बन्धी अध्ययन गर्न परम्परागत संस्कृति तथा मौखिक ज्ञानहरुको जो उपयोग गर्ने गरिएको छ, त्यससँगै नेपाली इतिहास अध्येताहरुको जनजातीय संस्कृतिले प्राग्इतिहास अध्ययनमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्न सक्ने मतलाई आधार बनाएर बैथरबारे विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । धामीको मुन्दुमी शक्तिसहितको हतियारका रुपमा लिइने, आदिम समयदेखि पुर्खाहरुले प्रयोग गरिल्याएको भनेर व्याख्या गरिने तथा सांस्कृतिक अभ्यासमा पनि प्रयोग गरिने हुनाले यी बैथरहरु किरात राई समुदायको प्राग्ऐतिहासिकताबारे अध्ययन गर्ने महत्वपूर्ण प्रमाण हुन सक्छन् । उत्खनन गरेर जमिनमुनि कुनै खास तहमा फेला नपरेसम्म बनोट र आकारप्रकारका आधारमा तुलना गर्नुपर्ने भएकोले आसामबाट प्राप्त नवपाषाण उपकरणको समयलाई आधार बनाएर पूर्वी पहाडका बैथरहरुलाई बढीमा ४००० वर्ष पहिलेको मानिएको छ । बैथर निर्माण तथा प्रयोग गर्नेहरुमा किराती र नवपाषाण युगको अन्तिमतिर आसामबाट काठमाडौंसम्म आइपुगेर गोरुले नजोती धान खेती सुरुवात गर्ने मुन्डाका पुर्खामध्ये एक अथवा दुवै हुन सक्छन् ।
केपिलासगढीको ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन
Authors: राई शालिकराम
Published: May 2024

खोटाङ जिल्लाको केपिलासगढी ३ मा अवस्थित केपिलासगढी ऐतिहासिक तथा पुरातात्विक महत्वको स्थल हो । यो गढी सप्तेश्वर र बाक्सिलाको सिमानामा ६ हजार ८६ फिट उचाईमा अबस्थित छ । नेपालको इतिहासमा प्राचीन तथा मध्यकाल कालमा राज्य संचालन गर्दा तत्कालीन राजा, शासक, प्रशासक बस्ने आवासगृहलाई  कोटघर, गढी, किल्ला, राजगृह  भनिन्थ्यो । यी गढीहरुको संरचना भौगोलिक क्षेत्र अनुसार तराई र पहाडमा अलगअलग प्रकारका हुन्थे । सुरक्षाका दृष्टिले शत्रुहरुले हतपती आक्रमण गर्न नसकोस भनेर विशेषगरी पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पहाडको डाँडाहरुमा गढी, कोटघर, किल्ला बनाउने चलन थियो । आधुनिक काल नेपाल एकीकरणको अभियान बि.सं. १८३१ सम्म पनि यो गढी अस्तित्वमा थियो भन्ने प्रामाण पाउन सकिन्छ । यो गढीको ऐतिहासिकता कस्तो थियो ? गढीको प्राचीन स्मारक तथा भग्नावशेष, राजदरबारको भौतिक संरचनाको अबस्था कस्तो रहेको छ ? यस गढि़को सांस्कृतिक महत्व कस्तो छ ? भन्ने सोधप्रश्नको उत्तर खोज्ने क्रममा यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । यस आलेखमा केपिलास गढीको ऐतिहासिकता पक्ष पहिचान गर्न मुख्य उद्देश्य बनाइएको छ । यस ऐतिहासिक गढीको अध्ययन अन्वेषणात्मक तथा गुणात्मक विधिबाट गरिएको छ । अध्ययनका क्रममा प्राथमिक तथ्यांक स्थलगत अबलोकन र स्थानीय जानकारसँगको अन्तरबार्ताबाट तथा द्वितीयक तथ्यांक किरात राई समुदायको मौलिक दर्शन मुन्दुम, ऐतिहासिक दस्ताबेजहरु र लालमोहर, रुक्का प्रकाशित पुस्तकहरु आदिको अध्ययनबाट संकलन गरिएका छन् । यस गढीको प्राचीनता, ऐतिहासिकता र पुरातात्विक अवशेषहरुको अध्ययनलाई यसमा समेटिएको छ ।
Octavia Butler's Bloodchild and the Posthuman Complexities: A Process of Becoming
Authors: Dahal Alisa
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the human-nonhuman relationship for co-reproduction and co-existence between two species in Octavia Butler's speculative fiction "Bloodchild". The humans called the Terrans and the aliens called the Tlics make a contract for reciprocity to save the futurity of both. This research analyzes Butler's speculation of some posthuman complexities related to identity, gender, reproduction and forceful bonding in the far future. The multifaceted female protagonist T'Gatoi, the male human surrogacy, non-normative pregnancy and experimental birth foreground the horror of dystopian future that Butler attempts to make humans aware of. Based primarily on the textual evidence, the paper uses Donna Haraway's concept of "speculative feminism", Deleuze and Guattari's notion of "becoming" and Rosi Braidotti's theory of critical posthumanities to argue for the author's warning to humanity against futuristic crises and call for a critical thought exercise to retrospect on human tyranny, egotism and sense of otherness. It proposes that overcoming the anthropocentric rule over nature and the "others" for the sake of natural equilibrium and socio-cultural harmony can help instill collective consciousness and promote community building to save this planet and the others for a sustainable future.
Rhetoric of Female Voices against Patriarchy in A Doll’s House
Authors: Neupane Dipesh
Published: May 2024

This article tries to explore the female subjugation in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House.  Women confronts female domination, torture and other different domestic violence in different societies of the world in different ways. They get misbehaved and branded as secondary persons in the family in many societies of the world. They remain far from the fundamental rights in some cases. In many societies, they face economic, political, social and cultural upheavals. The protagonist of the novel Helmer treats his wife as a doll rather than a vital member of the family. He wants to keep her under his control in every matter of the family though she sacrifices her life for him wholeheartedly.  Seeking emancipation in her family, Nora leaves her home, which marks the feminist voices against patriarchal domination prevalent in society. This article employs radical feminism proposed by Ti-Grace Atkinson. Society is a patriarchy in which the class of man is the oppressors of the class of woman. They oppose that the oppression of woman is the most fundamental form of oppression.
Post-human Bodies in Atwood’s Oryx and Crake
Authors: Sharma Kamal
Published: May 2024

This paper analyses the human bodies as a site of both aesthetics as well as politics in post-human turn in the novel Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. Questions related to what is a body, who controls it, and what relation does it have to morality at techno-science culture share a negotiation between machine and morality. After the advent of popular culture, the concept of body as cogent and self-bounded entity is blurry one as the discourse of ‘what is a beautiful body’ reflects a growing concern with different approaches of body aesthetics. As seen the novel, Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood, we see Crakers— the genetically modified humans as an outcome of Crake’s aesthetics and politics. Jimmy’s father’s involvement in Pigoon Projects designed with the intention of providing human organs for transplantation and Crake’s involvement in creating Crakers—whom Crake had programmed to die at 30 open a new avenue for discussion regarding human identity. Such dimension of body aesthetics is precarious leading to ethical question as progress in science does not only enhance body, it also poses a threat to humanity in entirety. This research is qualitative and interpretive in nature. So, as a researcher, I have brought theoretical insights related to trans-humanism and post-humanism developed by Fukuyama, Braidotti. In the paper, I conclude that though new version of body aesthetics poses a threat to the world itself, it helps to understand how humans have co-evolved with other companion species. Thus, it contributes on the discussion of literary engagement and literary understanding of post humanism.
Gorkha Women as Forgotten Heroes in the Gorkha War Narratives
Authors: Rai Ram Prasad
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to focus on how Gorkha women are left behind the curtain in terms of their role in the war history where their male Gorkhas’ bravery only is prioritized. When we turn the pages of the Anglo-Nepal Wars (1814-1816), the writers confidently say that the Gorkha warriors are back supported by women as well as children. However, they are shadowed by the description of the ferocious war performance of male Gorkha warriors such as Bir Bala Bhadra Kunwar, Amar Singh Thapa, Bhakti Thapa and so on. The only question is who the women warriors there are to support them attacking the English troops. Similarly, the Gorkhas serve the British Army and fight for Britain. For a long period during wars, they do not return home. During their service period, their wives remain at home to run all the family affairs such as raising children, caring the old parents, and cultivating land. The wives of those who die, get injured, and go missing have a burden of running family economy. They are compelled to keep all things well in the family. So, are not the Gorkha women as heroes as their male folks? The answer is sure to be- ‘Yes, they are’. This paper will certainly help future researchers in the area and also the government to manage new rules and concepts regarding Gorkha issues.
Confrontation between Liberals and Radicals in Amy Waldman’s The Submission
Authors: Dhobi Saleem
Published: May 2024

The paper explores the repercussions of 9/11 in the diversity of the United States of America as portrayed in Amy Waldman’s The Submission published in the aftermath of 9/11 based on the cultural conflicts inherent in American culture. I unfold the problems the minority Muslims experience because of the 9/11 attacks on the US. The implications of the attacks on the intercultural relations of the minorities with the majority community reveal that the prevailing biases against Muslims and Islam as depicted in the text become obstacles to cultural harmony and integrity in American culture. The setbacks Muslims face in the aftermath of 9/11 make the principle of multiculturalism questionable. The paper has investigated into the cultural variables including traditions, behaviors, beliefs and practices of the respective ethnicities particularly American and Muslim in the United States. Such factors have influenced the opinions of both common Americans and the authorities to deal with the people having differences in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Consequently, the liberals including Mo Khan and Claire from both American culture and Muslim minority are forced to suffer the backlash.
Youth in Local Level Planning Processes: Review of Local Impressions
Authors: Pyakurel Uddhab
Published: May 2024

Federalisation is one of the leading political setups for the participatory involvement of all citizens in and accountability for governance; it generally offers numerous opportunities to engage in planning, policy-making, decision-making, and implementation in development initiatives and social movements. On the one hand, Nepal has a youth population, and youths are considered both products and producers of the settings in which they engage. These reciprocal processes provide a basis for self-development and others in the community. On the other hand, not much effort has been put into enhancing the youth’s capacity for meaningful participation in the development process, especially in the new federal setup. Given the background, this paper presents a critical reflection of planners and decision-makers on policies and programmes related to youth, economic empowerment of young women and youth participation in the planning process at state and local levels. Data were collected from five local governments focusing on all planning levels, from Tole consultation to Ward Assembly to Rural Municipality/Municipality to State and Federal levels. Primary data were collected at the grassroots level, where the perspective of youths, especially those from marginalised groups, about their involvement in planning processes, was captured through eight focused group discussions. Also, eight key informants, at least two elected representatives, were interviewed from the same study area.
Students' Enrollment Decision in Technical Education in Community Schools Modality
Authors: Tiwari Arjun Prasad
Published: May 2024

Enrollment of the students or the participants in any institution or training can directly determine the prosperity of the schools and the institutions. Institutions are working hard primarily for their survival and gradually for their stability and long-run businesses for the future. The education and training existing in urban areas and it is in rural areas differ in many respects. Technical Education in urban areas and it is in rural as well as remote rural has diversified thoughts in terms of enrollment issues of the students. It is urgent to know the interests of the students and participants, as well as why and how they are attracted to go for technical education or the general stream in the community. It is realized that there are relatively not only fewer students but also a smaller proportion of students in the enrollment. It seems like there are various areas that the current government should focus on for the sake of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) development regarding the enrollment issues in the Technical Education in Community Schools (TECS) modality program. The number of TECS modalities accredited is increasing trend in the country, but it is not realized as it should be by enrolling a higher number of students each year in multiple folds. Or the students are becoming self-driven, having their core interest to enroll for the course. The issues are very closely studied by going through the secondary data in education, papers, magazines, journal articles, books and many similar other resources through the internet and the informal pool.
Overview Of Reproductive Health In Women In Agricultural Areas Due To Exposure To Pesticides
Authors: Kurniyawan Enggal Hadi , Iswatiningtyas Nur Faiza , Cahyarani Faradina Bilqis , Sholihah Nur Laili Izza Maratus , Wati Dinda Yustika , Sapitri Riska Dwi Ayu , Afandi Alfid Tri
Published: May 2024

Paparan pestisida pada masa kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian gangguan tumbuh kembang pada anak dan gangguan reproduksi pada ibu. Paparan pestisida pada masa kehamilan dapat meningkatkan kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) dan ibu yang terpapar juga akan beresiko mengalami anemia pada saat hamil bahkan dapat menyebabkan keguguran hingga kematian pada ibu dan janin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan potensial antara paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dan dampak buruk pada ibu dan janin. Proses pencarian literatur yang dilakukan pada tinjauan pustaka ini menggunakan database yaitu Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Sciencedirect dengan rentang tahun terbit 2016 hingga 2023. Beberapa kata kunci yang digunakan adalah "Paparan",  "Pestisida", "Kehamilan", "Pertanian ", dan "Kesehatan Reproduksi". Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan potensial antara paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dan dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin termasuk kelahiran prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, dan kelainan bawaan, diabetes gestasional, preeklampsia, dan gangguan pertumbuhan janin. Selain itu, paparan pestisida juga dikaitkan dengan potensi dampak kesehatan jangka panjang bagi ibu dan anak, seperti peningkatan risiko obesitas dan gangguan perkembangan saraf. Setelah mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh paparan pestisida terhadap ibu hamil, maka sebagai perawat dapat memberikan edukasi atau penyuluhan kepada masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil mengenai penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada saat mengikuti penyemprotan pestisida. Untuk mengurangi paparan pestisida pada ibu hamil, perawat juga dapat mengajarkan cara mencuci buah dan sayur yang dibelinya dengan bersih agar residu pestisida tidak menempel.
Concluding Remarks: A Bright Future for Evaluation Capacity Building
Authors: Bourgeois Isabelle , Nielsen Steffen Bohni , Lemire Sebastian , Fierro Leslie A.
Published: May 2024

Evaluation capacity building (ECB) seeks to provide individuals and organizations with the knowledge, skills, and systems that they need to make evaluation an ongoing part of their everyday activities. This special issue sought to advance ECB by bringing to light original empirical research as well as practical applications of various ECB approaches. This concluding article provides an overview of the eight contributions comprising the special issue, highlighting lessons learned and future directions for ECB research and practice.
Mass land valuation serves as a prerequisite for optimizing the taxation system in Ukraine
Authors: Kuryltsiv R. , Myronov O.
Published: May 2024

The article highlights the issue of multiple tax base systems. It analyzes that according to existing international mass appraisal standards, the market value should serve as the tax base. In turn, determining the market value should be based on analyzing the most efficient use. The authors emphasize that the available information in state registers is insufficient to meet all the requirements for the integrity and quality of input data for mass appraisal systems. Thus, attention is drawn to the necessity of a comprehensive approach to implementing a cadastre system, including the use of the LADM standard. This standard would, on the one hand, systematize the exchange between existing state registers, and on the other hand, serve as a basis for developing a computerized mass appraisal system taking into account the requirements for CAMA. Overall, the authors believe that implementing a land mass appraisal system in Ukraine is an important step towards creating a transparent and fair tax system as a key element of economic recovery and a source of revenue for local budgets in the context of developing market land relations.
A raiva como combustível para lutas por reconhecimento
Authors: Alves Francisco Gabriel
Published: May 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem teórica sobre o potencial da raiva para a mobilização de lutas por reconhecimento. O argumento é o de que a raiva pode favorecer a articulação dos sujeitos marginalizados contra as opressões do racismo ou da cultura machista. Para tanto, o texto dialoga com as reflexões propostas por intelectuais do feminismo negro, incluindo as norte-americanas Audre Lorde (2019) e bell hooks (2019). As duas são acionadas para problematizar a raiva como uma reação legítima diante das injustiças sociais, pela qual seria possível questionar as estruturas de dominação na sociedade. Além disso, o texto explora os pilares da teoria do reconhecimento desenhada por Axel Honneth (2009), a fim de esclarecer as motivações subjetivas que levam os indivíduos a reivindicarem demandas por justiça, igualdade e respeito. Com a finalidade de ilustrar esta reflexão teórica, o artigo recorda o assassinato da vereadora Marielle Franco, a partir da análise de postagens do Twitter que indicam a presença da raiva como canalizador das lutas formadas em torno do acontecimento.