bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UK general population's willingness to pay for dental check‐ups
Authors: van der Pol Marjon , Boyers Dwayne , Marashdeh Mousa Mahmoud , Loria‐Rebolledo Luis Enrique
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Choices about which dental treatments to provide in a publicly funded system should be guided by the value that the general population place on those treatments. The aim of this study was to estimate United Kingdom (UK) general population willingness to pay (WTP) for dental check‐ups, and to investigate what factors influence WTP.

Methods

WTP was elicited using a hypothetical question in an online survey. The sample consisted of 594 participants, nationally representative of the UK general population in terms of age and gender. Regression analysis was used to examine what factors are associated with WTP. Analyses were conducted including and excluding protest answers.

Results

The mean WTP for a dental check‐up is £31.32 for the full sample and £33.17 excluding protest answers. Respondents on higher incomes and those with higher university education had higher WTP. Respondents in Scotland were WTP less than respondents living in the rest of the UK which may be the result of NHS dental check‐ups being free to patients in Scotland.

Conclusion

The general UK population value dental check‐ups. This study provides estimates of WTP for dental check‐ups which can be used in Cost–Benefit Analyses.
Adolescents with substance use referred to child protective services: Does substance use treatment prevent foster care entry?
Authors: LaBrenz Catherine A. , Ohri Faheem , Kim Yeonwoo , Baiden Philip
Published: September 2023

Adolescent substance use has been linked to several negative outcomes, which can be exacerbated by exposure to adversity such as child maltreatment. However, few studies have examined the intersection of adolescent substance use and child protective service (CPS) involvement. This study examined the relationship between substance use treatment and entries into foster care among adolescents referred to CPS for maltreatment. Data for this study came from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), an annually reported database that contains information on all CPS reports screened for investigation. NCANDS was merged with county‐level data from the American Community Survey to explore the relationship between treatment and foster care entry while adjusting for contextual factors. Our sample included 2326 adolescents who were referred to CPS in fiscal year (FY) 2018 and were followed until FY 2019 to examine correlates of foster care entry. A series of multilevel logistic regressions were conducted. Approximately 1 in 20 adolescents entered foster care during the study period and 1 in 10 used treatment services prior to foster care entry. Substance use treatment increased the odds of foster care entry (adjusted odds ratios = 2.30, p < 0.05), while adolescents residing in counties with higher percentages of non‐Hispanic White residents had lower odds of foster care entry (adjusted odds ratios = 0.67, p < 0.05). Among adolescents with substance use referred to CPS, substance use treatment increases the likelihood of foster care entry. This may highlight the need to provide services earlier and to ensure that adolescents can access treatment without entering state custody. Future research should explore these relationships in more depth.
Preoperative oral antibiotic administration in patients undergoing curative resection with stoma creation for colorectal cancer: effectiveness in preventing surgical site infection and the possibility of peristomal candidiasis induced by enterobacterial alteration
Authors: Kiuchi Jun , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Arita Tomohiro , Shimizu Hiroki , Nanishi Kenji , Takaki Wataru , Ohashi Takuma , Konishi Hirotaka , Yamamoto Yusuke , Morimura Ryo , Shiozaki Atsuishi , Ikoma Hisashi , Kubota Takeshi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo
Published: September 2023

Aim

There are many reports that preoperative oral antibiotics (OAs) are effective in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in colorectal surgery. However, there is no consensus on the optimal dose of OAs. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of OAs in preventing SSIs and the possibility that OAs induce enterobacterial alteration in the intestinal tract.

Method

We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of 389 patients who underwent R0 resection and stoma creation for colorectal cancer in our department between 2009 and 2020. We focused on the incidence of peristomal candidiasis (PSC) as an indicator of enterobacterial alteration and used kanamycin (KM) and metronidazole (MNZ) as the OAs. A low‐dose group received 1000 mg/day of both KM and MNZ, and a high‐dose group received 2000 mg/day of both KM and MNZ.

Results

SSI occurred in 60 of the 389 cases (15.4%). Regardless of stoma type, SSI was significantly more common in the non‐OA group, while PSC was significantly less common. When examined by OA dose, the incidence of SSI was not significantly different between the low‐dose and high‐dose groups. However, PSC was significantly more common in the high‐dose group than in the non‐OA and low‐dose groups. Analysis of bacterial and fungal levels in stool samples showed that bacterial levels after OAs were significantly lower than before OAs, while fungal levels increased.

Conclusion

OAs significantly reduce SSI in colorectal cancer surgery. However, excess OAs were significantly associated with the occurrence of PSC without contributing to further reduction in SSI.
Technical assessment in minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision: Is the complete mesocolic excision competency assessment tool valid and reliable?
Authors: Haug Tora Rydtun , Ørntoft Mai‐Britt Worm , Miskovic Danilo , Iversen Lene Hjerrild , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Valentin Jan Brink , Gómez Ruiz Marcos , Benz Stefan , Eeg Storli Kristian , Stearns Adam T. , Madsen Anders Husted
Published: September 2023

Aim

The complete mesocolic excision competency assessment tool (CMECAT) is a novel tool designed to assess technical skills in minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision (CME) surgery. The aim of this study was to assess construct validity and reliability of CMECAT in a clinical context.

Method

Colorectal surgeons were asked to submit video recorded laparoscopic CME resections for independent assessment of their technical abilities. The videos were grouped by surgeons' training level, and four established CME experts were recruited as CMECAT assessors. Extended reliability analysis (G‐theory) was applied to describe assessor agreement.

Results

A total of 19 videos and 72 assessments were included in the analysis. Overall, technical skills assessed by CMECAT improved with increased training level: the experts scored significantly better than the untrained surgeons (3.3 vs. 2.5 points; p < 0.01). On right‐sided resections, significantly higher scores were reported with increased training level for all categories and sections, while for left‐sided resections, the variance across groups was smaller and significantly higher scores were only reported for oncological safety describing items. Overall, assessor agreement was high (G‐coefficient: 0.81).

Conclusion

This study confirms that CMECAT can be applied to video recorded CME cases for technical skill assessment. Further, it can reliably assess technical performance in right sided CME surgery, where construct validity has now been established. More videos are required to evaluate its validity on left colonic CME. In the future, we hope CMECAT can improve feedback during CME training, serve as a tool in certification processes and contribute to distinguishing CME from conventional surgery in future research.
Q&A
Authors: Maeda John , Ito Joichi
Published: October 2023

John Maeda is following his stint as the sixteenth president of the Rhode Island School of Design with a new vocation—venture capitalist.

As director of the MIT Media Lab, Joi Ito sees the next big design breakthrough as a shift from design inspired by biology to design that's made, or even grown, by biology.
Workplace Design: The Millennials Are Not Coming—They're Here
Authors: Payton Fay Cobb
Published: October 2023

The generation now entering the workforce is collaborative, social, and surprisingly idealistic.

The workplaces of the future, and how to make yours one of them.
Designing American Government
Authors: Farmer John Paul , Panchadsaram Ryan
Published: October 2023

Design is making inroads into the workings of government agencies within the DC Beltway and beyond. Civic‐minded designers take note.

An overview of the design/government ecosystem in Washington, DC.
Q&A
Authors: Hartley Hillary , Givens Garren , Pahlka Jennifer
Published: October 2023

She was a founder of 18F, the US government's in‐house digital services consultancy, and now she sees her workplace as a laboratory of sorts, staffed by designers as well as developers.

As the executive director of the Presidential Innovation Fellows program, he looks to recruit the best and the brightest in technical, design, and entrepreneurial talent.

Known for her TED talk, “Coding a Better Government,” Jennifer Pahlka helps design and technology professionals live the idea of government by the people, for the people.
Multiculturalism and Diversity in the Industry: Black Designers Speak Out
Authors: Woods Meshella Eddye
Published: October 2023

A celebration of accomplished designers and design managers whose success against “lack of diversity” obstacles enables giving back to their communities and mentoring those who are waiting in the wings.

A celebration of designers and design managers who are succeeding despite the odds, giving back to their communities, and mentoring those who are waiting in the wings.
The inflation game
Authors: Kuhle Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

We study a game where households buy consumption goods to preempt inflation. This game features a unique equilibrium with high (low) inflation, whenever money supply is high (low). For intermediate levels of money supply, there exist multiple stable equilibria where inflation is either high or low. Equilibria with moderate inflation, however, do not exist, and can thus not be targeted by central banks. That is, depending on agents' equilibrium play, money supply is always either too high or too low for moderate inflation. Finally, we find that inflation rates of durable goods, such as houses, cars, luxury watches, or furniture, are useful leading indicators for changes in overall inflation.
Parent dysregulation and child negativity in relation to parent responses to child negative emotions
Authors: Hafiz Mariam , Nelson Jackie A. , Patel Nishita H. , Holub Shayla C.
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study examined the effects of mothers' and fathers' emotional dysregulation and their responses to their children's distress, as well as the moderating role of child negative reactivity.

Background

Parents with better emotion regulation strategies tend to provide more supportive and less nonsupportive responses to their children's distress. Child temperamental negative reactivity may create emotionally challenging parenting situations and thus may moderate this relation. However, dyadic effects are less clear; family systems theory suggests parents' dysregulation may crossover to degrade their partners' responses, or parents may compensate for their partners' dysregulation with more constructive responses.

Method

Parents from 119 families with a 3‐ to 5‐year‐old child (50.4% boys) reported on their emotional dysregulation, responses to child negative emotions, and child negative affectivity. Path models tested actor and partner main effects and interaction effects.

Results

There were two partner main effects, such that when fathers were more dysregulated, mothers reported providing more supportive and fewer nonsupportive responses to their children. Additionally, two interaction effects were found. Maternal dysregulation was related to increased maternal nonsupport only when child negative affectivity was low. Maternal dysregulation was also related to greater maternal support only when child negative affectivity was high.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the importance of parent gender roles and compensatory processes.

Implications

These results provide enhanced understanding of coparenting dynamics and the combined impact of mother, father, and child negativity, which can be used by practitioners.
Progesterone and cAMP synergistically induce SHP2 expression via PGR and CREB1 during uterine stromal decidualization
Authors: Zhou Peiyi , Ouyang Liqun , Jiang Ting , Tian Yingpu , Deng Wenbo , Wang Haibin , Kong Shuangbo , Lu Zhongxian
Published: October 2023

Decidualization of endometrial stroma is a key step in embryo implantation and its abnormality often leads to pregnancy failure. Stromal decidualization is a very complex process that is co‐regulated by estrogen, progesterone and many local factors. The signaling protein SHP2 encoded by PTPN11 is dynamically expressed in decidualized endometrial stroma and mediates and integrates various signals to govern the decidualization. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of PTPN11 gene transcription. Estrogen, progesterone and cAMP co‐induced decidualization of human endometrial stromal cell in vitro, but only progesterone and cAMP induced SHP2 expression. Using the luciferase reporter, we refined a region from −229 bp to +1 bp in the PTPN11 gene promoter comprising the transcriptional core regions that respond to progesterone and cAMP. Progesterone receptor (PGR) and cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein 1 (CREB1) were predicted to be transcription factors in this core region by bioinformatic methods. The direct binding of PGR and CREB1 on the PTPN11 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility and chromatin immunoprecipitation in vitro. Knockdown of PGR and CREB1 protein significantly inhibited the expression of SHP2 induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate and cAMP. These results demonstrate that transcription factors PGR and CREB1 bind to the PTPN11 promoter to regulate the expression of SHP2 in response to decidual signals. Our results explain the transcriptional expression mechanism of SHP2 during decidualization and promote the understanding of the mechanism of decidualization of stromal cells.
Structure and function of SPP/SPPL proteases: insights from biochemical evidence and predictive modeling
Authors: Höppner Sabine , Schröder Bernd , Fluhrer Regina
Published: October 2023

More than 20 years ago, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the signal peptide peptidase‐like (SPPL) proteases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to presenilins, a related family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases. Other than those for the presenilins, no high‐resolution structures for the SPP/SPPL proteases are available. Despite this limitation, over the years bioinformatical and biochemical data have accumulated, which altogether have provided a picture of the overall structure and topology of these proteases, their localization in the cell, the process of substrate recognition, their cleavage mechanism, and their function. Recently, the artificial intelligence‐based structure prediction tool AlphaFold has added high‐confidence models of the expected fold of SPP/SPPL proteases. In this review, we summarize known structural aspects of the SPP/SPPL family as well as their substrates. Of particular interest are the emerging substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms that might lead to the prediction and identification of more potential substrates and deeper insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles of proteolysis.
Protein profiles reveal MSH6/MSH2 as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion
Authors: Hong Shengqian , Zhang Jialing , Liu Shiqi , Jin Quan , Li Jingqi , Xia Anliang , Xu JianBo
Published: September 2023

Aim

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific protein expression profiles that differentiate HCC with MVI from those without MVI remain unclear.

Methods

The profiles of proteins in early‐stage HCC tissues and normal liver tissues were characterized by quantitative proteomics techniques. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was undertaken on tissue microarrays from 80 HCC patients to assess the expression of MSH2 and MSH6. Cell counting, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were carried out in vitro.

Results

We identified 5164 proteins in both HCC tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues. Compared to HCC without MVI, 148 upregulated proteins and 97 downregulated proteins were found in HCC with MVI. Particularly noteworthy was the remarkable upregulation of MSH6/MSH2 among these dysregulated proteins in HCC with MVI. Further validation through bioinformatics prediction and IHC confirmed the elevated expression of MSH6/MSH2, which correlated with aggressive disease characteristics and poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed a substantial area under the curve of 0.761 (specificity 71.79%, sensitivity 73.17%) for the combined use of MSH6/MSH2. Knockdown of MSH6/MSH2 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro.

Conclusions

Our study establishes MSH6 or MSH2 as an oncogene that is prominently overexpressed during HCC progression, which provides new targets for HCC with MVI.
Polysilazane hybrid phenolic resin ceramic aerogels with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance
Authors: Wang Ruyao , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Deng Shifeng , Qi Huimin
Published: September 2023

Although various aerogels with electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing properties have been extensively explored, the development of aerogels with excellent wave absorption performance, low density, and great heat resistance has still met profound challenges. Herein, polysilazane hybrid phenolic resin aerogels (PRVS aerogels) were prepared using the vinyl addition reaction of polysilazane and cross‐linking reaction between polysilazane and phenolic resin. A SiOCN ceramic aerogel with multistage pore structure was prepared via a simple and quick freeze‐drying method and polymer‐derived ceramic (PDC) methods. The SiOCN ceramic aerogels exhibited low density (0.15–0.27 g/cm3), good heat‐shielding (thermal conductivity in the range of 0.03–0.04 W/(m·K)), and excellent wave absorption performance (i.e., RL was about –31.6 dB@16.48 GHz and EAB was 3.85 GHz when the thickness of the ceramic aerogel was 1.2 mm). Hence, the ceramic aerogel absorbing materials could meet the requirements of “wide absorption bandwidth, strong reflection loss, lightweight and thi thickness”. Moreover, the mechanism of low weight, heat insulation, and wave absorption properties of the aerogels were also investigated. We believe this work is of great significance in ceramic aerogels prepared by traditional polymers, which may provide new opportunities for new ceramic aerogels with applications ranging from EMW absorption to aerospace and information technology.
Online exams in higher education: Exploring distance learning students' acceptance and satisfaction
Authors: Aristeidou Maria , Cross Simon , Rossade Klaus‐Dieter , Wood Carlton , Rees Terri , Paci Patrizia
Published: October 2023

Background

Research into online exams in higher education has grown significantly, especially as they became common practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, previous studies focused on understanding individual factors that relate to students' dispositions towards online exams in ‘traditional’ universities. Moreover, there is little knowledge on university distance learning students' experience of transitioning from in‐person to online exams.

Objectives

This study investigates the acceptance and satisfaction of university distance learning students in their transitioning from in‐person to online exams, through multiple factors.

Methods

We employed a mixed‐methods study to understand the relationship between assessment and online exam factors (e.g., revision and online exam satisfaction, assessment competencies, invigilation acceptance, exam anxiety and workspace satisfaction). Cluster analysis and interview data contributed to our understanding of students who are ‘strongly positive’ and ‘less positive’ towards online exams.

Results and Conclusions

Our findings highlight the overall importance of increasing student confidence by building their assessment competencies throughout their studies and familiarising them early with the technologies and formats to be used in the actual exam. We also shed light on particular student characteristics that relate to reduced online exam acceptance, such as students with disabilities, caring responsibilities and mental health issues, or students who lack access to the necessary technology.

Implications

The findings and recommendations of this research contribute to the wider agenda of designing fair and trustworthy online assessment, including exams, for the future.
Reciprocal relations between interparental aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: a seven‐wave cohort study of within‐family effects from preschool to adolescence
Authors: Nobakht Habib Niyaraq , Steinsbekk Silje , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: October 2023

Background

Interparental aggression is believed to increase the risk of behavioral disorders in offspring, and offspring behavioral problems may forecast interparental aggression. However, these assumptions have yet to be put to a strong test. This study, therefore, examined whether increased interparental aggression predicted increased symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from preschool to adolescence and vice versa.

Methods

A sample (n = 1,077; 49.6% girls) from two birth cohorts of children in Trondheim, Norway, was assessed biennially from age 4 to 16. Children's symptoms of ODD and CD were assessed using semi‐structured clinical interviews of parents (from age 4) and children (from age 8). One of the parents reported on their own and their partner's verbal and physical aggression. A random intercept cross‐lagged model was estimated to test the within‐family relations between interparental aggression, CD, and ODD symptoms.

Results

Across development, increased interparental aggression predicted increased CD symptoms 2 years later, whereas an increased number of ODD symptoms forecasted increased interparental aggression.

Conclusions

The argumentative/defiant, aggressive, and vindictive behaviors seen in ODD are often directed toward parents and may take a toll on their relationship and possibly foster interparental aggression, whereas aggression between parents may promote symptoms of CD in their offspring, which commonly extend beyond the home. Incorporating effective and non‐aggressive means to solve interparental conflict into parental management programs may reduce the development of symptoms of CDs in children.
Effect of florfenicol on Piscirickettsia salmonis biofilm formed in materials used in salmonid nets, nylon and high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Oliver Cristian , Ruiz Pamela , Vidal José Miguel , Carrasco Carlos , Escalona Carla Estefanía , Barros Javier , Sepúlveda Daniela , Urrutia Homero , Romero Alex
Published: September 2023

Piscirickettsiosis is the most prevalent bacterial disease affecting seawater salmon in Chilean salmon industry. Antibiotic therapy is the first alternative to counteract infections caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. The presence of bacterial biofilms on materials commonly used in salmon farming may be critical for understanding the bacterial persistence in the environment. In the present study, the CDC Biofilm Reactor® was used to investigate the effect of sub‐ and over‐MIC of florfenicol on both the pre‐formed biofilm and the biofilm formation by P. salmonis under the antibiotic stimuli on Nylon and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces. This study demonstrated that FLO, at sub‐ and over‐MIC doses, decreases biofilm‐embedded live bacteria in the P. salmonis isolates evaluated. However, it was shown that in the P. salmonis Ps007 strain the presence of sub‐MIC of FLO reduced its biofilm formation on HDPE surfaces; however, biofilm persists on Nylon surfaces. These results demonstrated that P. salmonis isolates behave differently against FLO and also, depending on the surface materials. Therefore, it remains a challenge to find an effective strategy to control the biofilm formation of P. salmonis, and certainly other marine pathogens that affect the sustainability of the Chilean salmon industry.
Periorbital venous stasis may be involved with filler induced malar edema—A duplex ultrasound‐imaging‐based case series
Authors: Schelke L. , Liplavk O. , Cotofana S. , Shah‐Desai S. , Velthuis P.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Filler injections in the periocular region are regarded as a challenging and advanced maneuver in a high‐risk area. Adverse events as malar edema due to filler treatment may occur. To evaluate the possible reasons, the ultrasound images, and medical data of patients that were prospectively referred with malar edema were evaluated.

Materials and Methods

A total of 17 patients (26 eyes) with malar edema after hyaluronic acid filler treatment were included. All cases were assessed with an 18 MHz linear ultrasound device. Exact location of the filler material was noted. Relations with clinical data were analyzed using chi‐square tests.

Results

Onset of malar edema after treatment showed a wide range from immediate (0 days) to 3 years. Most patients had an early onset N = 13 (76%), a minority showed late onset N = 4 (24%). In 23 eyes, the filler material was found to be located inside the SMAS. In 3 cases filler material was located on the periosteum of the orbital rim. After duplex‐ultrasound guided filler removal, restored venous flow could be seen in the superficial and/or deep fatty layer often accompanied by flow piercing through the SMAS. Minutes after treatment, clinical improvement of malar edema was observed.

Conclusion

Malar edema after by filler treatments in the periocular region may be caused by veno‐lymphatic compression by filler deposits.
Poor sleep hygiene practices are associated with a higher increase in sleep problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A latent change score model
Authors: Zagaria Andrea , Serena Scarpelli , Musetti Alessandro , Rapelli Giada , De Gennaro Luigi , Plazzi Giuseppe , Franceschini Christian
Published: September 2023

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic significantly influenced physical and mental health worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate changes in sleep problems across three waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to identify potential predictors of the inter‐individual variability around these changes, with a particular focus on the role of detrimental sleep hygiene practices. A total of 352 participants completed an online survey of self‐report questionnaires at three different waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic: T1 (Spring 2020); T2 (Autumn‐Winter 2020); and T3 (Spring 2021). The questionnaires collected information on socio‐demographic and COVID‐19‐related variables, psychological distress (i.e. the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21), sleep hygiene (i.e. the Sleep Hygiene Index) and sleep problems (i.e. the Medical Outcomes Study—Sleep Scale). Latent change score modelling revealed an average increase in sleep problems between T1 and T2 with significant inter‐individual variability. No substantial changes were observed on average between T2 and T3. Notably, poorer sleep hygiene practices were associated with a more pronounced increase in sleep problems between T1 and T2 (β = 0.191, p = 0.013), even after controlling for relevant confounders such as demographic factors, COVID‐19‐related information and psychological distress. These findings expand on previous research regarding the detrimental effects of the pandemic on mental health, suggesting that interventions targeting sleep hygiene practices may be beneficial for mitigating its negative impact on sleep disruptions.
The effects of feeding sodium chloride pellets on the gastric mucosa, acid‐base, and mineral status in exercising horses
Authors: Alshut Farina , Venner Monica , Martinsson Gunilla , Vervuert Ingrid
Published: September 2023

Background

Electrolyte supplementation may be a risk factor for gastric mucosal lesions, but relevant evidence is limited in horses.

Hypothesis

Investigate the effects of PO sodium chloride (NaCl) supplementation on the gastric mucosa of exercising horses. We hypothesized that NaCl supplementation would neither cause nor exacerbate existing gastric mucosal damage.

Animals

Fifteen 3‐year‐old healthy Warmblood stallions from a stud farm.

Methods

Placebo‐controlled study with a crossover design. Horses were fed either a NaCl pellet at a dosage adequate to replace the electrolyte losses in 10 L sweat or a placebo for 19 days with a washout period of 14 days between treatments. The gastric mucosa was evaluated by gastroscopy before and after treatment. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of acid‐base status, packed cell volume (PCV), and total protein, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Urine was collected, and urine specific gravity, electrolyte, creatinine, and urea concentrations were measured.

Results

The initial prevalence of gastric mucosal lesions was 85%. Sodium chloride pellets did not adversely affect the gastric mucosa and treatment did not significantly alter the hematologic and serum biochemical variables. Urine creatinine concentrations significantly decreased and urinary sodium concentrations significantly increased after supplementation with NaCl pellets. Water intake did not significantly differ between treatments.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Daily NaCl pellet supplementation is a palatable and safe way to replace electrolyte losses from sweating in exercising horses and has no negative effects on the gastric mucosa.
Efficacy of the oral supplement, Equine Omega Complete, for the prevention of gastric ulcers and alpha‐tocopherol supplementation in horses
Authors: Williams Louie Elizabeth , Nieto Jorge , Wensley Fiona , Morgan Jessica M. , Finno Carrie J. , Berryhill Emily H.
Published: September 2023

Background

Omega‐3 fatty acid and alpha‐tocopherol supplementation reduces gastric ulcer formation in humans and rodents; however, efficacy of prevention in horses is unknown. Equine Omega Complete (EOC) is an oral supplement containing omega‐3 fatty acids and alpha‐tocopherol.

Hypothesis/Objective

Determine if EOC supplementation prevents gastric ulcers and increases serum alpha‐tocopherol concentrations in healthy horses.

Animals

Nine thoroughbred geldings; 5‐13 years old.

Methods

Prospective randomized block design, repeated in crossover model. Horses were administered EOC, omeprazole, or water PO for 28 days. Horses underwent an established gastric ulcer induction protocol from days 21‐28 via intermittent feed deprivation. Gastroscopies were performed on days 0, 21, and 28. Serum alpha‐tocopherol concentrations were measured on days 0 and 28. The effects of treatment and time on ulcer grades were assessed with ordinal logistic regression, with significance at P‐value <.05.

Results

Ulcer grades increased during ulcer induction in control and EOC but not omeprazole groups (P = .02). Grades increased in EOC‐treated horses after ulcer induction from a median of 1 [95% confidence interval 0‐2.5] (day 0) to 2.5 [1.5‐3.5] (day 28) and were similar to the control group (P = .54). Serum alpha‐tocopherol increased in EOC‐treated horses from day 0 to day 28 (mean 2.2 0.43 μg/mL to 2.96 0.89 μg/mL; P < .001) with high individual variation; this increase was not different from omeprazole or control groups.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Supplementation with EOC for 28 days did not prevent gastric ulcer formation nor increase alpha‐tocopherol concentrations relative to the control group.
Effect of esomeprazole with and without a probiotic on fecal dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation, and fecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: McAtee Rae , Schmid Sarah M. , Tolbert M. Katherine , Hetzel Scott , Suchodolski Jan S. , Pritchard Jessica C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Proton pump inhibitors can cause diarrhea and a transient increase in fecal dysbiosis index in dogs. It is unknown if concurrent probiotic administration mitigates these effects.

Objective/Hypothesis

To assess the fecal Canine Microbial Dysbiosis Index (CMDI), fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fecal calprotectin concentrations in dogs administered esomeprazole with and without a probiotic.

Animals

Eleven healthy dogs.

Methods

Prospective, within‐subjects before and after study. All dogs received 7‐day courses of esomeprazole (1 mg/kg PO q 24h) alone followed by esomeprazole with a probiotic (15 billion CFU/kg), separated by a 4‐week washout period. Data were compared between phases using mixed effects ANOVA or generalized estimating equations with post‐hoc Holm adjustment for 2‐way comparisons.

Results

Compared to baseline (mean CMDI −2.66, SD 3.04), fecal CMDI was not different with esomeprazole administration alone (mean CMDI −1.48, SD 3.32, P = .08), but there was a significant increase (Diff 3.05, 95% CI [1.37, 4.74], P < .001, Effect size 2.02) when esomeprazole and a probiotic were administered concurrently (mean CMDI 0.39, SD 2.83). CMDI was significantly higher when esomeprazole was administered with a probiotic than alone (Diff 1.87, 95% CI [0.19, 1.87], P = .02, Effect size 1.24). Fecal calprotectin and SCFA concentrations did not differ between phases. The occurrence of vomiting and diarrhea was not different from baseline when esomeprazole was administered alone (36%/27%) or with a probiotic (46%/9%).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In healthy dogs, concurrent administration of a probiotic is unlikely to lessen adverse effects associated with esomeprazole administration.
‘I don't want to impose on anybody’: Older people and their families discuss their perceptions of risk, cause and care in the context of falls
Authors: Kerr Lucille , Newman Paula , Russo Philip
Published: September 2023

Background

Falls in hospitalised patients remain an ongoing challenge for healthcare systems internationally. Limited research exists on the perspectives of older people on falls risk, cause and care.

Objectives

This study explored the experiences of patients and their families after a fall in a healthcare facility.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients and families to explore the experience of having a fall. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

The themes that emerged from the 14 interviews included the following: explanations; physical environment; communication; experiences of care; perceptions of risk; ageism; feelings towards the fall; and independence and dignity.

Conclusions

This research emphasises the diversity in older people's experiences after experiencing a fall. Falls prevention should be incorporated as one part of healthy, dignified ageing.

Implications for practice

Falls prevention and management strategies should be multifactorial, including enhanced communication with the patient and their families. When engaging in education and awareness, falls prevention should be positioned as one component of independent and dignified healthy ageing.
Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156 induced systemic resistance against multiple pathogens by priming of camalexin synthesis
Authors: Li Zi‐Jie , Tang Shu‐Ya , Gao Hong‐shan , Ren Jin‐Yao , Xu Pei‐Ling , Dong Wen‐Pan , Zheng Ying , Yang Wei , Yu Yi‐Yang , Guo Jian‐Hua , Luo Yu‐Ming , Niu Dong‐Dong , Jiang Chun‐Hao
Published: September 2023

Phytoalexins play a crucial role in plant immunity. However, the mechanism of how phytoalexin is primed by beneficial microorganisms against broad‐spectrum pathogens remains elusive. This study showed that Bacillus cereus AR156 could trigger ISR against broad‐spectrum disease. RNA‐sequencing and camalexin content assays showed that AR156‐triggered ISR can prime the accumulation of camalexin synthesis and secretion‐related genes. Moreover, it was found that AR156‐triggered ISR elevates camalexin accumulation by increasing the expression of camalexin synthesis genes upon pathogen infection. We observed that the priming of camalexin accumulation by AR156 was abolished in cyp71a13 and pad3 mutants. Further investigations reveal that in the wrky33 mutant, the ability of AR156 to prime camalexin accumulation is abolished, and the mediated ISR against the three pathogens is significantly compromised. Furthermore, PEN3 and PDR12, acting as camalexin transporters, participate in AR156‐induced ISR against broad‐spectrum pathogens differently. In addition, salicylic acid and JA/ET signalling pathways participate in AR156‐primed camalexin synthesis to resist pathogens in different forms depending on the pathogen. In summary, B. cereus AR156 triggers ISR against Botrytis cinerea, Pst DC3000 and Phytophthora capsici by priming camalexin synthesis. Our study provides deeper insights into the significant role of camalexin for AR156‐induced ISR against broad‐spectrum pathogens.
Laser capture microdissection provides a novel molecular profile of human primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Navrazhina Kristina , Garcet Sandra , Williams Samuel C. , Gulati Nicholas , Kiecker Felix , Frew John W. , Mitsui Hiroshi , Krueger James G.
Published: September 2023

Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer‐related mortality, highlighting the need to better understand melanoma initiation and progression. In‐depth molecular analysis of neoplastic melanocytes in whole tissue biopsies may be diluted by inflammatory infiltration, which may obscure gene signatures specific to neoplastic cells. Thus, a method is needed to precisely uncover molecular changes specific to tumor cells from a limited sample of primary melanomas. Here, we performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) and gene expression profiling of patient‐derived frozen sections of pigmented lesions and primary cutaneous melanoma. Compared to bulk tissue analysis, analysis of LCM‐derived samples identified 9528 additional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including melanocyte‐specific genes like PMEL and TYR, with enriched of pathways related to cell proliferation. LCM methodology also identified potentially targetable kinases specific to melanoma cells that were not detected by bulk tissue analysis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that there are marked differences in gene expression profiles depending on the method of sample isolation. We found that LCM captured higher expression of melanoma‐related genes while whole tissue biopsy identified a wider range of inflammatory markers. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LCM is a valid approach to identify melanoma‐specific changes using a relatively small amount of primary patient‐derived melanoma sample.
To coordinate or not? A configurational approach to understand public organizations' emergency preparedness coordination
Authors: Xiang Tianyi , Chen Yifan
Published: October 2023

With increasing hazard risks, coordinating public agencies to address emerging threats has become a pressing challenge for public administration. However, little empirical research explores why some public organizations actively coordinate with others in preparation for future crises while others do not. The related research relies on correlation‐based approaches and generates inconclusive findings. To further extend current inquiry, this study takes a configurational approach and examines which configurations of organizational attributes—and environmental characteristics—lead to emergency preparedness coordination. A configurational model for emergency preparedness coordination is proposed along with three propositions. We conducted a large‐N fuzzy‐set QCA to examine U.S. public transit agencies' interorganizational coordination in preparation for the extreme weather events. Findings demonstrate that it is the configurations rather than individual attributes that are essential for active preparedness coordination. Both top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms can achieve active coordination and managerial commitment is a critical contingency factor.
How top management team social status impacts innovation
Authors: Radfard Ali , Pistilli Luca , Paccagnini Alessia
Published: October 2023

Scholars have investigated the effect that top management team (TMT) status has on several organizational dimensions, including strategic decision, risk propensity, and, ultimately, performance. However, the existing literature is relatively silent on the effect of TMT status on innovation. Our scope is to cover that research gap. Grounding our reasoning on two different yet intertwined literature streams – one on the TMT status and the other on innovation – we predict that TMT status should be positively correlated with innovation and its market value, but not with its scientific value. Relying on a unique, hand‐crafted dataset composed of 833 firm‐years' observations for the period 2005–2010, we can validate our hypotheses. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between TMT status and innovation generated by the respective firm. Finally, the study discusses limitations and recommendations for further research.
Differential expression of angiogenesis‐related genes in goat uterus and corpus luteum during pregnancy
Authors: Turgut Ali Osman , Korkmaz Ağaoğlu Özgecan
Published: September 2023

Vascularization and the control of luteal and endometrial development are regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during pregnancy. In this study, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIFs (HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A) and VEGF in goat uterine and ovarian tissues during various stages of pregnancy were evaluated. A total of 42 Hair goats were used and were allocated into six groups, namely embryo‐positive (G1), early pregnancy (G2), mid‐term pregnancy (G3), late pregnancy (G4), oocyte‐positive group (G5) and diestrus group (G6). The mRNA expression of the examined genes was evaluated by RT‐qPCR, and protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In caruncles, HIF1A mRNA expression was greater in G1, G2 and G4 than in G3 (p < .05). HIF1A and HIF2A expression was greater in G1 than in G5 (p < .05). In cotyledons, HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A mRNA expression was greater in G2 and G3 compared to G4 (p < .05). In luteal tissue, HIF1A mRNA expression was greater in G1 and G2 than in G3 and G4 (p < .05). In the immunohistochemical examination, HIF1A, HIF2A, HIF3A and VEGF immunoreactions were detected in uterine and luteal tissues. Findings suggest that HIFs and VEGF are involved in the regulation of ovarian functions as well as the processes of implantation and placentation.
Fanon's revolutionary murmurs: Toward a critical phenomenology of listening
Authors: Ferrari Martina
Published: October 2023

Decolonial, postcolonial, and postmodern criticism is indebted to Frantz Fanon for revealing the hegemony of vision and visual language in Western imperial discourse. Yet, the import of Fanon's critique of coloniality reaches beyond a focus on vision into the sonorous. Attending to the often overlooked auditory dimension of Fanon's work, I argue, brings attention to the role of listening as a condition of possibility of a revolutionary consciousness. Listening to Fanon's careful descriptions of the experience of many Algerians of listening to the National Liberation Front's radio broadcast, The Voice of Free and Fighting Algeria in “This is the Voice of Algeria,” I propose that what makes possible the institution of a revolutionary consciousness is listening to murmurs. Listening to the materiality of voice and sound rather than the propositional content of speech is revolutionary because it challenges core values central to the project of colonial modernity: metaphysical logocentrism and the fungibility to which colonial modernity strives to reduce colonized subjects.
The social identity affordance view: A theory of social identities
Authors: Arango Alejandro , Burgos Adam
Published: October 2023

This article proposes that social identities are best understood as a kind of affordance, a “social identity affordance.” Social identity affordances are possibilities for action and interaction between persons, within a social niche, based on perceived and self‐perceived social group identification. First, the view presented captures and articulates the basic structure of social identities. Second, it explains the multifaceted interplay of such an item in the social field, including not only the complexity of the interpersonal dimensions, but also the multiplicity of registers in which social identities vibrate (ethical, political, psychological, geographical, affective, epistemic). Third, by doing good on (i) and (ii), the view makes social identities intelligible, helping preclude reductive misinterpretations of social identities, either subjective‐only or public‐only. The view has robust descriptive and explanatory power in concrete social contexts and retains the openness of a historically bound type of formation whose specific meanings change over time.
Effects and mechanism of microplastics on organic carbon and nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil: A review
Authors: Ma Yan , Yang Ke , Yu Hong , Tan Wenbing , Gao Yiman , Lv Bowen
Published: October 2023

At present, microplastics (MPs) are a kind of emerging pollutants of concern in the environment, and have a wide and far‐reaching impact on terrestrial ecosystems. This article summarizes the latest research progress of the impact of MPs pollution on the biogeochemical cycle of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and summarizes the current situation of MPs pollution in agricultural soil. On the basis of summarizing the effects of MPs on soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms and soil plants and animals, this article focuses on how soil MPs affect the C and N cycles by changing these factors. MPs can alter organic matter degradation and C and N cycles by changing the soil physicochemical properties, as well as the soil microbial and enzymatic activities. MPs may alter plants' nutrient uptake processes, which in turn affects the ability of plants to photosynthesize and absorb C and N elements. MPs can affect the survival rate, the growth rate and intestinal injury of soil animals, therefore indirectly affecting the soil C and N cycles. At the same time, this article compares the different effects of conventional plastics and biodegradable plastics on soil, and looks forward to the current research deficiencies and the future research directions of ecotoxicology of MPs on C and N cycle.
Exploring the Status Quo of All-for-one Tourism Development in Meishan City, China: Insights from Local Travel Influencers
Authors: Ding Jianwei , Md Syed Md Azalanshah , Izyanie Shamshudeen Rosya
Published: October 2023

All-for-one tourism is a newly proposed concept that aims to promote the transformation of national tourism development in China. Few research studies have focused on the current industry practice of all-for-one tourism in China. A qualitative case study, grounded in an interpretivist paradigm, was conducted to investigate the status quo of all-for-one tourism development in Meishan City, China. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 local travel influencers based on opinion leadership theory. Thematic content analysis was utilized to analyze study data. Study findings revealed that implementing all-for-one tourism was limited by the lack of a clear tourism strategy, uncoordinated development, and low-quality public services. But efforts had been made to support all-for-one tourism in the public service system, tourism supply chain, tourism market order, destination brand strategy, and marketing effectiveness.