bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PROGRAM TAHFIZH AL-QUR’AN DI MIS NURUL FADHILAH
Authors: Rinjani Wahyu , Salminawati Salminawati , Lubis Mara Samin
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat program tahfizh al-qur’an di MIS Nurul Fadhilah. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi di anggap sebagai metode dalam mengumpulkan data. Sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/ verification. Penelitian ini memberi kesimpulan bahwa untuk mencapai sebuah program ada beberapa tahapan yang harus dilaksanakan yaitu: Pertama, Perencanaan sebuah program tahfizh al-qur’an: menetapkan program tahfizh al-qur’an, menentukan indicator keberhasilan tahfizh al-qur’an, menetapkan penanggung jawab program tahfizh al-qur’an, dan menyusun kegiatan dan jadwal kegiatan program tahfizh al-qur’an. Kedua, Pelaksanaan program tahfiz al-Qur’an: kegiatan menghafal al-qur’an, kegiatan menyetor hafalan al-Qur’an dan kegiatan muraja’ah hafalan al-qur’an. Ketiga, factor pendukung dan penghambat program tahfizh al-qur’an. Faktor pendukung meliputi: fisik dan psikis yang baik, dukungan penuh dari yayasan, perhatian guru, piagam atau reward, motivasi, dan usia. Faktor penghambat meliputi: tidak menguasai makharijul huruf dan ilmu tajwid, tidak mengulang hafalan, terbatasnya alokasi waktu kegiatan belajar mengajar tahfizh al-qur’an, tingkat kecerdasan, lingkungan pergaulan, dan kurang dapat mengatur waktu.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BUSY BOOK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN BAHASA DAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI DI TK ISLAM NURUL AHMAD
Authors: Darmila Lilis , Nst Wahyuddin Nur , Ananda Rusydi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan, kepraktisan dan efisiensi media pembelajaran busy book dalam mengembangkan bahasa dan kreativitas anak usia dini di TK Islam Nurul Ahmad. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode penelitian menggunakan pengembangan (Research and Development/ R&D) dengan pendekatan Model 4D yang dikembangkan oleh S. Thiagarajan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Islam Nurul Ahmad. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelayakan media busy book dalam mengembangkan bahasa dan kreativitas memperoleh nilai validasi dari ahli materi sebesar 87,5% dengan kategori layak dan nilai dari validator ahli media sebesar 92% dengan kategori sangat layak. Untuk praktisi produk memperoleh nilai sebesar 93% dengan kategori sangat praktris, dan untuk efektifitas media busy book diperoleh dengan metode eksperimen dengan membandingkan pretest dan posttes kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Maka dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan bahasa dan kreativitas siswa yang menggunakan media busy book pada anak usia dini yakni usia 5-6 tahun di TK Islam Nurul Ahmad.
KETERAMPILAN PENELITIAN MAHASISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK MINI RESEARCH
Authors: Wijarini Fitri
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan penelitian mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Borneo Tarakan melalui pembelajaran berbasisi proyek mini riset pada matakuliah ekologi tumbuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, yakni penelitian yang befungsi untuk mendeskripsikan hasil analisis terkait keterampin penelitian mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran berbasis proyek Mini riset. Penelitian ini dilakukan di semester genap tahun 2022/2023 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 26 mahasiswa. semester 5 Pendidikan Biologi. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) dan lembar observasi. Tahapan penelitiian dilakukan dengan memilih topik pembelajaran, rencana proyek, merancang metode penelitian, mengumpulkan data, menganalisis data, mempresentasikan hasil penelitian, evaluasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Keterampilan penelitian yang diamati meliputi 8 aspek yaitu mengidentifikasi masalah, merumuskan judul penelitian, membuat rumusan masalah, merumuskan tujuan penelitian, merancang netode penelitian, menganalisis data gasil penelitian, dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mulai terampil dalam melakukan penelitian pada ulangan ketiga. Indikator terampil dalam penelitian dilihat dari indikator penelitian yang telah ditentukan.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMA NEGERI 1 SULTAN DAULAT KOTA SUBULUSSALAM
Authors: Sambo Muhammad Ali Bashir , Daulay Afrahul Fadhila , Lubis Zulfahmi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi bagaimana penerapan pendidikan karakter, strategi atau metode, media dan alat serta kurikulum pendidikan karakter yang di terapkan di SMA Negeri 1 Sultan Daulat Kota Subulussalam. Adapun subjek atau objek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru bidang study agama islam, kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, tatausaha, guru bimbingan konseling, dan siswa-siswi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendidikan karakter yang diterapkan melalui kegiatan yang melibatkan siswa-siswi secara aktif baik dari sikap dan perilaku guru sebagai teladan bagi siswa, seperti disiplin waktu, berkata baik sopan dan santun, memakai pakaian yang rapi dan bersih, membimbing peserta didik dalam kegiatan salat dhuha, memberikan arahan dan ceramah agama setelah salat zuhur, berdoa sebelum belajar dimulai, menanamkan sikap kerja keras dan mandiri, melibatkan peserta didik secara aktif dalam setiap pembelajaran. Adapun strategi atau metode penerapan karakter yang di lakukan adalah dengan sikap keteladan guru, kedisiplinan dan pembiasaan. Untuk media dan alat yang digunakan adalah buku-buku pembelajaran yang terkait dengan penanaman karakter, seperti buku Pendidikan Agama Islam, PKN, dan lainnya yang dapat membantu memperkaya pengetahuan siswa-siswi hingga menggunakan Multimedia seperti Video atau Audio dan Alat Tulis (Whiteboard). Dan hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa penerapan pendidikan sekolah tersebut sangat baik dan bisa menjadi percontohan sekolah negeri lainnya.
PENGARUH STRATEGI ASKAR KAUNY QUANTUM MEMORY DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TAHFIZHUL QUR’AN KELAS VIII SMPS IT MUTIARA DURI
Authors: Harahap Addurun Nafis , Sinaga Ali Imran , Dahlan Zaini
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh metode Askar Kauny Quantum Memory terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang bermotivasi tinggi dalam Tahfizhul Qur’an, serta hubungan motivasi belajar dengan strategi Askar Kauny Quantum Memory. Siswa yang penuh energi dan semangat dapat memperoleh manfaat dari kombinasi Strategi Memori Kuantum Askar Kauny, Motivasi Belajar, dan Tahfizhul Qur'an. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2 x 2 yang merupakan jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen kuantitatif. Kelas eksperimen adalah Kelas VIII Amanah, sedangkan kelas kontrol adalah Kelas VIII Ihsan. Seluruh siswa kelas VIII dijadikan populasi dengan cara cluster random sampling. Hasil penggunaan metode Memori Kuantum Askar Kauny bervariasi pada siswa dengan tingkat motivasi intrinsik tinggi, sedang, dan rendah, menurut penelitian. Siswa yang diajar menggunakan metode KQM dan metodologi Talaqqi mempunyai hasil belajar yang berbeda. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan antara motivasi dan Strategi Quantum Memory Askar Kauny terhadap hasil belajar siswa Tahfizhul Qur'an.
PENGARUH STRATEGI READ ALOUD PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI PENGGUNAAN TANDA BACA DI KELAS II MIN 4 KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Sari Laila Mutiara , Zunidar Zunidar
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh strategi read aloud terhadap pemahaman tanda baca siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperiment dan menggunakan uji Mann Witney untuk menguji adanya pengaruh tersebut. Empat puluh dua siswa kelas 2 MIN 4 Medan dipilih secara tidak acak untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann Witney. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan secara statistik antara strategi read aloud dan paham tanda baca pada siswa kelas 2 MIN 4 Medan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi read aloud terhadap pemahaman tanda baca siswa. Implikasi dari temuan ini menekankan pentingnya memilih strategi yang sesuai dalam pembelajaran tanda baca. Hal ini penting untuk membekali siswa untuk memiliki literasi yang tinggi dengan persiapan diri holistik yang diperlukan untuk berhasil dalam belajarnya dan dengan lebih efektif. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada pentingnya pemahaman tanda baca agar mereka tidak keliru dalam memaknai kalimat.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL GAME-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Wandana Muhammad Chanif Tamimi Raditya , Muniroh Siti , Karmina Sari
Published: July 2024

Implementing digital game-based language learning in a developing country faces many challenges due to the teachers’ and students’ digital competence and technological limitations. Furthermore, most of the research in implementing digital game-based language learning is conducted in developed countries. Therefore, this current research focuses on the studies of the implementation of digital game-based language learning conducted in developing countries to see whether some improvements can be made in this area. The results show that implementing existing games and developing new games are the two major distinctions in applying digital game-based language learning. On one hand, while using existing games is easier and more convenient, most educational games are in the form of quizzes with limited gameplay, and non-educational games are more fun but can cause addiction and are not entirely suitable for learning. On the other hand, the games developed specifically for learning English are great, but they are primarily simple games designed to achieve beginner goals such as vocabulary and reading skills for young learners. Therefore, the need for digital English language learning games designed for more complex objectives for various age groups with good visuals and gameplay is still available, and much future research should be done in this area.
PENERAPAN MEDIA BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN KREATIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Dumayanti Alya Putri , Kusumawati Tri Indah
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh media teknologi berbasis Vitual Reality yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Pemilihan media ini berpengaruh terhadap proses belajar peserta didik, mendengarkan dongeng dan cerita pendek dengan media VR dapat menumbuhkan kreatifitas peserta didik dalam memiliki rasa ingin tahu dan kepercayaan diri. Adapun subjek dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas III unggulan dan Wali kelas III unggulan MIN 1 Medan dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan studi dikumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik Triangulasi untuk memastikan keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi ini, guru bahasa indonesia kelas 3 MIN 1 Kota Medan telah berhasil menumbuhkan kreativitas peserta didik dalam pembelajaran bahasa indonesia yang ditandai dengan peserta didik mampu mengungkapkan apa yang terjadi dengan gaya bicara yang kreatif, selain itu peserta didi juga mampu mengambil pesan atau amanat bahkan kesimpulan dari sebuah cerita yang diberikan melalui media virtual reality. Dengan demikian, siswa menjadi lebih semangat dan berlomba-lomba dengan peserta didik yang lain untuk menunjukkan kreativitas mereka.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS WEBSITE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI MEKANISME PASAR
Authors: Novitasari Anindita Trinura , Pratikto Heri , Rahayu Wening Patmi
Published: July 2024

Teaching material modules as a means of supporting teaching and learning activities for students are a source of learning materials that can improve student learning outcomes. Designed systematically to help the process of understanding the topics discussed in a learning material. The teaching material module has evolved into it earier for students and educators to have flexibility in adequate accessibility anywhere and anytime in a learning contaxt that is not limited to just being in the classroom face to face. The design is effective, such as attention to students learning needs, multimedia-based, combining text, images, video and animation to be more interactive and interesting. The validity test of the website-based teaching material module showed very feasible test results through assessments by media experts, material experts, and trials on students. The learning results obtained from using that the cognitive level of students on the topic of discussion material in this module has increased through a better level of learning outcomes in the average class value compared to conventional modules.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PAI
Authors: Setiawati Dewi Teti , Halimah Siti , Budiyanti Yusnaili
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk model pembelajaran project based learning, minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di SMP Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Serbalawan, sampael penelitian 60 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan: 1) angket; 2) tes hasil belajar. Sedangkan untuk analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hal-hal berikut: 1) Terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan hasil belajar PAI siswa. 2) Minat belajar siswa memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar PAI. Dan 3) Terdapat hubungan positif antara model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan minat belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar PAI.
 
How Do We Demonstrate AI Responsibility: The Devil Is in the Details
Authors: Johnson Matthew S.
Published: July 2024

This commentary examines the Duolingo English Test Responsible AI standards and provides some thoughts on specific ways we can evaluate the use of AI for automated scoring.
La responsabilidad por el goce
Authors: Laso Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Les choses humaines (2021) de Yvan Attal tiene como trasfondo los efectos del movimiento MeToo, y el problema jurídico de determinar el abuso sexual en relaciones que se presentan aparentemente consentidas. La perspectiva de género aplicada al derecho penal pretende producir una subversión de principios básicos tales como: igualdad ante la ley, presunción de inocencia hasta demostrar lo contrario, diferencia entre testimonio y prueba, y aporte de pruebas a cargo de la parte acusadora. El caso de abuso sexual que propone el film permite, sin embargo, eludir esa vía. A diferencia de Rashomon, de Akira Kurosawa, donde los involucrados en un crimen dan testimonios divergentes en torno a los hechos, aquí los involucrados cuentan los mismos hechos, solo que divergen en el sentido que le dan: mientras que para Alex hubo una relación consentida, para Mila fue una violación bajo amenaza. Pero las cosas humanas no son tan simples: bajo el marco de un juicio, el film propone la paradoja de una relación sexual consensuada que deviene abuso por resignificación.
Reseña: LATIMOS: Un viaje sonoro desde el cuerpo hacia la inspiración
Authors: Ajzensztat Tamara
Published: July 2024

Reseña del corto: "LATIMOS" (Ajzensztat, 2020)
Using prevention guidance of common physiological symptoms in pregnancy: a qualitative study
Authors: Asih Fransisca Retno , Danti Renita Rizkya , Nuristy Brillian Ainindyahsari Winarna
Published: July 2024

Information about pregnancy is widely accessed by pregnant women, ranging from electronic media, print media, and even social media. One of them is the guide to the prevention of common physiological symptoms in pregnancy (PGCPSP). This guide quantitatively has a very positive impact on the success of preventing pregnancy complaints. However, independent attitudes related to the experience of using this guide have not been measured. The satisfaction and success of pregnant women in using this media is a benchmark for researchers to develop this educational media. This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of pregnant women in preventing and managing pregnancy complaints using the PGCPSP. This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with six pregnant women and four midwives. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed using NVivo 12 trial version software. We identified three themes and eight sub-themes related to the experience of using PGCPSP: personal condition before using PGCPSP, experience of using PGCPSP, and recommendations for PGCPSP development. Literacy media such as PGCPSP positively impact pregnant women's experiences in overcoming various complaints. Health service providers must develop strategies using educational media. so that pregnant women have the knowledge and foster self-confidence for a satisfying pregnancy experience. In addition, efforts to develop forms of educational media through digital platforms are needed for the development of digital literacy for pregnant women in the future.
An Analysis of the Origin of the Interaction Force between Electric Charges, Including Justification of the ln r Term in the Completed Coulomb’s Law, in HM16 Ether
Authors: Has Ioan , Miclaus Simona , Has Aurelian
Published: July 2024

In this study, we demonstrate the correctness of our 2010 hypothesis regarding the need to complete Coulomb’s FC law with the term ln r, resulting in the completed FCC force. For this purpose, we consider the electrical interactions between charged microparticles (MPs), which develop as fundamental vibrations (FVs) in ether, producing the vibrational strains ε and γ and the resulting stresses σ and τ, as percussions of ether cells (ECs) upon the MP surface. The stresses σ and τ produce a resultant force FP, due to the percussions which constitutes the real electric force FCC. The spatial effect of ether on FP is demonstrated by an analytical method, considering the electrical interaction between MPs through various equidistant spatial paths li of FVs, modelled on the basis of the Huygens principle for waves. For this issue, we utilized a numerical calculation, which could be generalized.But this spatial effect of the ether leads at a very slow decreasing of the FP forces ratio rF when doubling the distance l, in contrast to Coulomb’s FC forces whose ratio rF decreases accentuate with doubling l.Accordingly, the necessity of including the term ln r in the FCC force, which is limited to 1,0 for doubling l, at long distances, was justified.
Challenges for multilingual computational text analysis researchers: evidence from a survey of social scientists
Authors: Dolinsky Alona Olga , Schoonvelde Martijn , Pipal Christian , Baden Christian , Lind Fabienne , Shababo Guy , van der Velden Mariken Anna Catharina Geertruida , zalik avital
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the impact of the English-centric development of computational text analysis methods (CTAM) on political science and other social science scholars, comparing those working with English texts to those using multilingual or non-English texts. Surveying 433 international scholars who published text-based research in top social science journals from 2016 to 2020, we assess concerns about CTAM validity, validation strategies, and challenges with multilingual corpora. Our analysis shows that multilingual scholars have more concerns about CTAM validity but do not use stricter validation methods. Additionally, non-native English speakers are more likely to analyze English texts with CTAM. These findings highlight an English-language bias in computational tools, suggesting a need for a more inclusive, multilingual approach in computational social science.
A comparative analysis of generalized exponential decay
Authors: Eastmond Shawn
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the similarities and differences between the Mittag-Leffler function and a recently introduced one-parameter function, when (α, q) ∈ (0, 1)—where α is called the fractional parameter and q is called the entropic parameter, respectively. We use the half-life of Oxygen-22—an isotope of oxygen—to determine a q-analog of the decay constant. This enabled us to utilize the Tsallis logarithmic function and generate various plots depicting generalized exponential decay. Thereafter, a comparison is made with the Mittag-Leffler function once we establish the fractional analog of the nuclear disintegration law—the fractional radioactive decay law. Hence, we show that when compared to each other, the Mittag-Leffler function generated faster decaying rates in the limiting case when (α, q) → 1.
Reproducing the Measurement of Filter Bubbles - Machine Learning Internship - Project 28
Authors: Zurnieden Leon , Sirotina Lucas
Published: July 2024

News recommendation systems (NRS) are becoming increasingly popular in news media to provide the most relevant news articles to the reader. However, there is a concern that personalized algorithms in news media could create filter bubbles, leading to less diversity in the material presented to users. We found a paper in which the existence of filter bubbles was analyzed on two aggregated and anonymized datasets provided by two Western European websites. In the study, it was proved that only a small decrease in topic variety in the first weeks after the sign-up process was present. Unfortunately, the original datasets used in the study were destroyed. After searching for new datasets, it became clear that NRS datasets of (personalized) recommendations with a satisfactory timespan and real users are not publicly available. After an intensive search, a dataset from the Danish news website "Ekstra Bladet" was chosen for further research. To deepen the research on filter bubbles, the given algorithm was also performed on a dataset of the Chinese short-video app "Kuaishou". We came to almost the same conclusion as the author but the results from both datasets were to our dissatisfaction inconclusive.
Evidence Factors in Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Designs with Sequential Treatment Assignments
Authors: Lee Youjin , Suk Youmi
Published: July 2024

Many observational studies often involve multiple levels of treatment assignment. In particular, fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs have sequential treatment assignment processes: first based on eligibility criteria, and second, on (non-)compliance rules. In such fuzzy RD designs, researchers typically use either an intent-to-treat approach or an instrumental variable-type approach, but each approach is susceptible to different biases. This paper proposes a new evidence factors framework for fuzzy RD designs with sequential treatment assignments, which may be assigned by different levels of decision-makers. Each of the proposed evidence factor aims to test the same causal null hypothesis while potentially being subject to different types of biases. Our proposed framework utilizes the local RD randomization and randomization-based inference. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed framework through simulation studies and two real datasets on pre-kindergarten programs and testing accommodations.
Political rule (vs. opposition) predicts whether ideological prejudice is stronger in U.S. conservatives or progressives
Authors: Koch Alex , Woitzel Johanna
Published: July 2024

People see societal groups as less moral, warm, and likable if their ideology is more dissimilar to the ideology of the self (i.e., ideological prejudice). We contribute to the debate on whether ideological prejudice in the U.S. is stronger in conservatives, progressives, or neither. Investigating the American National Election Studies (ANES), we found that between 1972 and 2021, ideological prejudice was stronger in conservatives. However, investigating studies conducted to develop the Agency-Beliefs-Communion (ABC) model, we found that between 2016 and 2021, ideological prejudice was stronger in progressives. We report various analyses of both research programs and two new studies that rule out several explanations for this contradiction. Additional analytic and experimental evidence suggests that political rule (vs. opposition) may explain the robust heterogeneity in asymmetric ideological prejudice. Ideological prejudice shifted toward being stronger in conservatives when the U.S. was governed by Democrats, and toward being stronger in progressives when the U.S. was governed by Republicans.
Individual differences in cues to the favorability of groups
Authors: Koch Alex , Woitzel Johanna
Published: July 2024

People join groups for various reasons – to feel that they belong, achieve great things because unity makes strength etc. (Abele et al., 2021; Koch et al., 2021). However, membership in some groups only brings trouble. Thus, people want to know the favorability of their current groups and alternatives. Unfortunately, flawless judgment of groups’ favorability is what dreams are made of. To put it in terms of Brunswik’s (1952) lens model, people must rely on proximal, manifest cues to judge the distal, latent truth of groups’ favorability, and they will make more errors than they prefer because cues are noisy. So what cues do people use?
Effects of central vs peripheral attentional-oculomotor exercise on lexical processing
Authors: Kress Shaylyn , Caron Scott , Neudorf Josh , Borowsky Braedyn , Borowsky Ron
Published: July 2024

Past research from our lab has suggested visual demands in video games serve to exercise attentional-oculomotor processing in a manner beneficial to reading. However, testing the effect of video games on reading typically requires long timeframes (e.g., multi-week training or years of accumulated video game experience). The current study manipulated within-experiment peripheral and central demands to evaluate the effects of attentional-oculomotor (A-O) exercise on task performance. Our study included two tasks: an orthographic lexical decision task (OLDT), designed to optimize orthographic lexical processing, and a novel graphic-based health bar decision task (HBDT).In Experiment 1, the stimuli were presented centrally in one block and peripherally in another block to manipulate A-O exercise. We observed greater improvements in the peripheral-first than the central-first group, particularly for the OLDT. In Experiments 2 and 3, we focused on the OLDT, with the HBDT serving as the A-O exercise task and observed improvements in both centrally and peripherally trained participants. We additionally observed, through analyses of word and bigram frequency, a double-dissociation whereby increased target word frequency was associated with faster target reaction times and improved error rates, while increased foil bigram frequency was associated with slower foil reaction times and worse error rates.Taken together, the experiments demonstrate a mechanism beyond simple task learning that drives reading improvements, and A-O exercise, even if movements are small, appears to play a role in the improvements observed. We suggest future research should further develop this paradigm, and examine its utility for reading remediation in dyslexia.
Los estudios de futurización: ¿moda o consolidación y maduración de metodologías de prospectiva?
Authors: Ferrer-Sapena Antonia , Sixto-Costoya Andrea
Published: July 2024

Se aborda la importancia creciente de la futurización, que se centra en anticipar y modelar el futuro mediante el análisis de tendencias, tecnologías emergentes y decisiones estratégicas. Este campo es esencial para la toma de decisiones en empresas, gobiernos y políticas públicas, adaptándose a un entorno en constante cambio. Organizaciones internacionales como la Unión Interparlamentaria, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y la Unesco promueven estos estudios para fortalecer la democracia y los derechos humanos, anticipar amenazas y aprovechar oportunidades. La historia de la futurización comienza en los años cincuenta con la escuela francesa de Gastón Berger y Bertrand de Jouvenel, quienes establecieron las bases teóricas de la prospectiva. Michel Godet, otro influyente economista francés, también contribuyó significativamente. Las metodologías varían según la región, pero comparten elementos comunes como la condicionalidad de los pronósticos, la presencia de rutas alternativas y la libre toma de decisiones. En este Thikepi se destaca la metodología DeflyCompass, desarrollada por Open Future Lab, que combina Design Thinking y análisis de tendencias para generar propuestas de innovación.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REMOTE FEED DRIVE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC SLIDING BRAKE OF THE MINING SHEARER
Authors: Monoharov Danylo ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Potsepaiev Valerii ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: July 2024

Purpose. It consists in increasing the speed of the speed control of the remote feed drive with an electromagnetic sliding brake by reducing the time of current transients in the excitation winding of the electromagnetic brake. Reducing the time of the transient processes of reducing the excitation current is achieved by using a bipolar controlled rectifier, which controls the excitation current of the brake, instead of a unipolar one. In addition, the implementation of a new drive control system requires the installation of an excitation current sensor. Methodology. Due to the significant nonlinearity of the mathematical model of the drive with the electromagnetic sliding brake, the synthesis and research of the automatic speed control system has been performed on a simulation model built in the Simulink environment of the MATLAB system. The evaluation of the obtained results is performed by comparative modeling for identical conditions of the existing industrial system and the synthesized one. Results. The synthesis and model study of the proposed control system with a remote drive with the electromagnetic sliding brake with a bipolar controlled rectifier and the logic of the latter's operation have been performed. Comparative studies have shown the high efficiency of a new structure of the drive speed control system compared to the existing industrial control system. Scientific novelty. A new structure of the control system by remote feed drive with an electromagnetic slide brake with better dynamic and protective characteristics has been proposed. Practical significance. Reducing the time of reduction of the EGC excitation current provides a faster response of the feed drive to overloading of the drive of the executive bodies and, therefore, a decrease in the probability of overturning of the electric motor of the drive of the executive bodies, as well as a reduction of peak forces in the traction chain when the combine is stopped. Keywords: mining shearer, remote feed drive, electromagnetic sliding brake, automatic control system, transient processes.
Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to thalamic gliomas. Part 2: Maximal safe resection of thalamic gliomas improves outcomes. A single-center experience
Authors: Martínez Santos Jaime L. , Aljuboori Zaid , Richardson Angela M. , Hanalioglu Sahin , Peker Halil Olgun , Sahin Balkan , Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. , Sahin Omer Selcuk , Kina Hakan , Ammanuel Simon G. , Iskandar Bermans J. , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

As presented in Part 1 of this series, thalamic gliomas (TGs) are deep-seated, difficult-to-access tumors surrounded by vital neurovascular structures. Given their high operative morbidity, TGs have historically been considered inoperable lesions. Although maximal safe resection (MSR) has become the treatment standard for lobar and even deep-seated mediobasal temporal and insular gliomas, the eloquent location of TGs has precluded this management strategy, with biopsy and adjuvant treatment being the mainstay. The authors hypothesized that MSR can be achieved with low morbidity and mortality for TGs, thus resulting in improved outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective single-center study was performed on all TG patients from 2006 to 2020. Clinical, imaging, and pathology reports were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine prognostic variables. Case examples illustrate various approaches and the rationale for staging resections of more complex TGs.

RESULTS

A total of 42 patients (26 males, 16 females), among them 12 pediatric (29%) cases, were included. Their mean age was 36.0 ± 21.4 (median 30, range 3–73) years. The median maximal tumor diameter was 45 (range 19–70) mm. Eighteen patients (43%) had a prior stereotactic needle tumor biopsy, with the ultimate diagnosis changed for 7 patients (39%) following microsurgical resection. The most common surgical approaches were transtemporal (29%), anterior interhemispheric transcallosal (29%), and superior parietal lobule (25%). Overall, the combined subtotal and gross-total resection rate was 95% (n = 40). Low-grade gliomas (LGGs; grades I and II) comprised one-third of the group, whereas half of the patients had glioblastoma multiforme. There were no operative mortalities. Although temporary postoperative motor deficits were observed in 12 patients (28.6%), all improved during the early postoperative period except 1 (2.4%), who had mild residual hemiparesis. Two patients required CSF diversion for hydrocephalus. The 2-year overall survival rate was 90% for LGG patients and 15% for high-grade glioma (HGG) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that histological grade, age, and extent of resection were independent prognostic factors associated with survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Management of TGs is challenging, with resection avoided by many, if not most, neurosurgeons, especially for HGGs. The results reported here demonstrate improved outcomes with resection, particularly in younger LGG patients. The authors therefore advocate for MSR for a select cohort of TG patients using carefully planned surgical approaches, contemporary intraoperative adjuncts, and meticulous microsurgical techniques.
The human craniospinal venous system and its influence on postural intracranial pressure: a review
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah N. , Teton Zoe E. , Lee Jae Eun , Bergsneider Marvin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Colby Geoffrey P. , Wang Anthony C. , Kan Peter
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

The cerebral and spinal venous systems have similar functions but unique anatomical and physiological properties. CSF occupies space in the cranial and spinal vaults, is continuously produced, and has many roles, including maintaining a favorable environment for CNS structures. The influence of the cerebrospinal venous system on CSF dynamics has been theorized since the 1940s. Newer studies suggest venous outflow pattern alterations in response to changes in body position. However, the relationship of postural cerebrospinal venous outflow shifts with and their influence on CSF homeostasis is not well understood.

METHODS

The authors searched the published literature related to the anatomy and function of vertebral venous plexus (VVP), CSF, and positional cerebral venous flow characteristics. A comprehensive collection of literature was compiled and reviewed, and the relationship between cerebrospinal and venous system changes and alterations in body positions, with an emphasis on the craniocervical system, is discussed.

RESULTS

The VVP is a network of valveless veins extending from the sacrum to the cranium that are interconnected with the cranial dural sinuses. The internal VVP occupies space within the extradural spinal canal and functions to return spinal venous blood to the heart, but it has additional properties, including the capability of bidirectional venous flow, an intraspinal dilatory capacity, and a role in cerebral venous outflow. When one rises to the upright position, CSF shifts toward the spinal canal and force vectors change, leading to reduced intracranial CSF pressure; simultaneously, cerebral venous outflow shifts from the jugular vein to the VVP outflow pathway. The venous outflow shift mechanism and its purpose are poorly understood. The authors review the known physiology of the system, identify gaps in knowledge to direct future research, and propose an interpretation of these data, concluding that position-dependent CSF and cerebrospinal venous shifts are part of a complementary positional craniospinal pressure regulation system that must be kept in balance for optimal CNS function.

CONCLUSIONS

Current knowledge of the cerebrospinal venous anatomy, dynamic flow characteristics in response to gravity, and the venous system’s influence on CSF suggests that the VVP plays a role in influencing CSF pressure, and the authors hypothesize that it plays a role in supporting intracranial pressure in the upright body posture. Further research is needed to better characterize the functional relationship of the VVP to CSF dynamics as well as identify potentially related disease states.
Sex Differences in the Effect of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met Polymorphism on Baseline EEG Connectivity
Authors: Privodnova E. Yu. , Volf N. V.
Published: July 2024

Dependent on Val66Met polymorphism in BDNF gene secretion of neurotrophin affects morphological and functional changes in the developing and mature nervous system, in particular, may contribute to associated with white matter degradation changes in connectivity observed with aging. It was also shown that the associated with Val66Met polymorphism differences in connectivity between cortical structures are moderated by the sex of the subjects. However, there are no studies examining the effect of polymorphism on connectivity, taking into account age and gender differences. In this regard, the present study examined the associations of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene with the characteristics of delayed phase synchronization based on EEG data in 223 younger (from 18 to 35 years old) and 134 older (over 55 years old) men and women. The analysis included connections between 84 cortical areas, identified on the basis of 42 Brodmann areas located in the left and right hemispheres. A statistically significant effect, including the factor of polymorphism, was the SEX × GENOTYPE interaction when considering associations at the frequency of the α1-rhythm: in Val/Met men, the strength of thirty-three connections was higher compared to Val/Val. Strengthening of connections was observed mainly between the parahippocampal regions of different hemispheres. At the frequency of the gamma rhythm, associated with the genotype differences in connectivity depended on gender and age. In young subjects, the scores of connectivity in Val/Val women were lower in comparison with men, however, no differences between Val/Val and Met carriers were found in any age group. The combined effect of sex and BDNF genotype on the baseline EEG parameters of brain connectivity may be a background for further study of the role of these factors in the formation of basic characteristics of brain activity.
Localization of Moving Sound Stimuli under Conditions of Spatial Masking
Authors: Petropavlovskaia E. A. , Shestopalova L. B. , Salikova D. A.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate spatial masking of noise signals in the delayed motion paradigm. Spatial effects were created by interaural level differences (ILD). Stationary maskers were located laterally or near the head midline, while test signals moved at different velocities from the head midline towards the ears, or in the opposite direction. The masking effect was measured by shifts in the perceived azimuthal positions of the starting and final points of signal trajectories, compared to their positions in silence. The perceived trajectories of all test signals shifted in the opposite direction from the masker. The masking effect was most pronounced in the spatial regions closest to the maskers, and was stronger when the signal moved towards the masker, compared to moving away from it. The final points were perceptually shifted further than the starting points. Signal velocity and masker presentation side (left or right) did not change the degree of masking.
The Correlation of β-Adrenoreactivity of Erythrocyte Membranes with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Patients with Resistant Hypertension in the Presence and Absence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Afanasiev S. A. , Manukyan M. A. , Rebrova T. Yu. , Zyubanova I. V. , Muslimova E. F. , Solonskaya E. I. , Korepanov V. A. , Lichikaki V. A. , Kondratieva D. S. , Mordovin V. F. , Falkovskaya A. Yu.
Published: July 2024

The peculiarity of the conjugation of β-adrenoreactivity of membranes (β-ARM) erythrocyte, as an indicator of the state of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, with other clinical and laboratory indicators in drug-resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) with the absence and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was investigated. It was shown that patients with RAH, regardless of the presence of DM2, were characterized by reduced adrenoreactivity, while the beta-ARM index of erythrocytes was more than 2 times higher than the reference values. The intergroup difference in the mean values of beta-ARM erythrocytes and the frequency of cases of exceeding the established reference values by this indicator did not have significant differences. In RAH, regardless of the presence of DM2, the beta-ARM erythrocytes index of erythrocytes is statistically significantly associated with the variability of blood pressure, the volume of daily diuresis and increased contractile capacity of the left ventricle. In addition, in the presence of DM2, the association of β-ARM erythrocyte with an increase in left ventricular elastance, heart rate variability, duration of arterial hypertension and DM2 was revealed. Thus, with the development of RAH in humans, the β-ARM erythrocyte indicator can be a new biomarker for personalized assessment of the activity of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. CD2 expands the conjugacy of β-ARM erythrocyte with clinical and laboratory parameters.
Distribution of productivity elements in different morphotypes of pea plants
Authors: Likhacheva L. I. , Moskalev A. V. , Likhacheva N. V.
Published: July 2024

The research was carried out in 2021–2023 in order to identify patterns in the formation of quantitative indicators of the main elements of productivity in seeded peas of various morphotypes to increase the efficiency of breeding. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone in the south–west of the Sverdlovsk region on gray forest soils according to the predecessor – wheat in a ten-field crop rotation. The material for the study was 24 varieties of baleen, leafy morphotype and «chameleons». The standard in the group of whiskered was Krasnoufimskyj 11, leafy – Marafon, chameleons – Spartak. The repetition is threefold. As a result of studying the pea collection, it was found that the studied groups of varieties had the highest productivity in whiskered forms of peas, thanks to such varieties as Ybilyar (282.2 g/ m2), Ryzhik (277.2 g/m2), KM 11 BK 22 (262.3 g/m2) and Tomas (261.3 g/m2). The largest number of beans on the plant were leafy forms of peas: Holik – 5.3 pcs.; Krasnoufimskyj 70–3.7 pcs.; 54 % of cultivars (13 pcs.) have the number of beans on the plant 2.7–3.3 pcs. According to the largest number of seeds in a bean, the leading position is occupied by cultivars of the whiskered morphotype and «chameleons» (14 varieties each – 3.4–4.3 pcs.). The leafy varieties have only 8 varieties with the maximum number of seeds in a bean (3.6–3.9 pcs.). There is a more uniform spread in this indicator among the whiskered cultivars. The weight of 1000 seeds in the studied cultivars of the whiskered morphotype and «chameleons» (220–250 g) was lower than in leafy varieties (250–300 g). Seeds of medium size (171–220 g) were found in 17 whiskered (71 %), 16 leafy (67 %) and 8 «chameleons» (33 %). The largest mass of seeds from one plant in the leafy morphotype is in the Tyumenskij kormovoj variety (3.0 g). In Chameleons, 58 % of cultivars (14 pcs.) have a plant productivity of 2.0 to 2.5 g. For effective breeding, it is necessary to use varieties of various morphotypes with the best biometric indicators in crosses and to focus on the selection of offspring for the morphotype of «mustachioed» peas with the best technological cultivation in the region.
Penggunaan Variasi Bahasa “Slang Language” Pada Platform Tiktok Untuk Generasi Z: Kajian Sosiolinguistik
Authors: Dewi Ni Putu Juliani Lestari
Published: July 2024

Research on the Use of "Slang Language" Variations on the Tiktok Platform for Generation Z: Sociolinguistic Studies certainly discusses the use of slang language variations on the Tik Tok platform or social media. The problem formulation in this research consists of types of slang language variations, the use of slang language variations and their meanings. The aim of this research is to describe the use of slang variations on the Tik Tok platform or social media and their meanings. The research method in this study is qualitative descriptive research which aims to provide symptoms, facts or events systematically and accurately. There are approximately 60 forms of slang variations used by generation z/teenagers on the Tik Tok platform or social media. Of the 60 data on language variations, 23 data are mispronunciations, 29 data are abbreviations, 3 data are shortened forms and 5 data are interjections. Variations of slang with data in the form of abbreviations are the most widely used by generation z/teenagers because the form is more practical and easy to apply and memorize.
Keywords: slang, language variations, tik tok, generation z, sociolinguistics
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Terhadap Pengembangan Kesantunan Berbahasa Siswa Kelas XI SMA Kristen YPKPM Ambon
Authors: Hahury Jessy Juniu
Published: July 2024

The aims of this research are: 1). To explain the influence of Indonesian language learning on students' language politeness. 2) To explain how much Indonesian language learning affects students' language politeness. The population of this study were class XI students of YPKPM Ambon Christian High School. The sample for this research was class XI students consisting of 35 students. The instruments used in this research were an Indonesian language learning questionnaire and a student language politeness questionnaire. Data analysis uses a simple linear regression test which includes a T test using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 18.0 for Windows. From the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that 1). The Indonesian language learning included in this research was proven to have a significant influence on the language politeness of class X1 students at Christian High School YPKPM Ambon 2). In this study, it was found that the variation in language politeness explained by Indonesian language learning was 67.9%, while 32.1% was explained by other variables not analyzed in the model.
Keywords: Indonesian language learning, students' language polite