bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working and Non- Working Women Exposure to Mass Media and Usage of Family Planning Methods: Perceptions and Experiences of Maternal Health
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Shahid Faiza
Published: January 2024

Healthy married women are an asset for any society as they perform household chores and other professional responsibilities. Media brings them latest information about their maternal health care while providing knowledge of diverse methods of family planning. The study was an effort to explore the health care perceptions of women and applications of different methods used for reproductive health. Qualitative research method was applied through in-depth interviews of married women. These were working and non-working women. Purposive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling was used to select the most relevant thirty participants from Lahore, Pakistan. Themes and sub themes were derived from data. The research concluded that working women had a controlled choice to choose any family planning methods whereas non-working women face hurdles in this regard. Only a small segment of women in society is well aware of their maternal. Ignorance and societal pressure also contribute to the worst health conditions of non-working women. The study recommended that mass media has to work actively while providing dedicated health programs for women health.
Role of Community Based Organizations in Sustainability of Community Managed Rural Water Supply Schemes
Authors: Alam Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Sustainability of community-managed rural water supply schemes (CM-RWSS) is a major challenge in rural settings. The functioning of community-based organizations (CBO) influences the functionality of CM-RWSS. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the role of CBOs in the sustainability of RWSS in the Gujranwala division in Punjab Province, Pakistan. The study was cross-sectional in nature and adopted the quantitative research approach. The data was collected from the beneficiaries of RWSS at the household level. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted. The districts for the study were selected purposively since they have more RWSS as compared to other districts. The six functional RWSS schemes were randomly selected from the Gujranwala division. An interview schedule was structured to collect data from the water users. Data was entered, summarized, and analyzed using SPSS version 22. A linear regression test was applied to assess the impact of CBOs' functioning on the satisfaction of water users. The study concluded that CBOs at community level were performing their role adequately to ensure the sustainability of water supply schemes. It was also indicated that water provided through these schemes was of good quality and adequate to meet community members' needs. It was also concluded that the functioning of CBOs was the initial, major, and significant source of quality water availability and RWSS sustainability.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Elderly People: A Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Alam Hamid , Khan Adnan , Jan Sameer Ul Khaliq
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns adversely affected every sphere of the life throughout the world. The negative impacts of COVID-19 affected all age groups, including senior citizens. The pandemic and the lockdown brought severe psychological, social, cultural and economic impacts on the lives of elderly people. This study aims to know about the economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 on senior citizens. The nature of the study is qualitative. For the study, 20 respondents were selected through purposive sampling technique from the village Rehankot, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data has been collected through in-depth interviews and then analyzed through the technique of thematic analysis. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns brought negative psychological and economic impacts on senior citizens in the form of anxiety, depression, poverty.
Dynamics of Money Laundering and Terrorism: In Immigrants’ Nexus Perspective
Authors: Shaikh Tahseen Ahmed , Zafar Ammad
Published: January 2024

This article throws light on the linkage between money laundering and terrorist financing. These two serious organized crimes are dynamic and carry an inherent risk of transnational threat. Despite counter-regime activism, their proliferation is still aggravating the scenario. The central focus of the research is to review the linkages of organized crime with immigration, particularly money laundering and terrorist financing. By adopting qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the researcher tried to examine anti-money laundering & related counterterrorism policies, measures, and regulations having immigrants nexus. It is a proven fact; the porous borders of non-developed countries with internal fragile, politically disturbed, terrorist-ridden, dwindling economies have been macro-pushing factors to illegal immigrants. After 9/11, there have been frequent cases of terrorist activities, which is not possible without the involvement of terrorist financing. Thus the researcher realized its gravity and opted for the research title as a need of the hour. The various loopholes in countering money laundering and terrorist financing regime were reviewed to reach out to the root causes and existing weaknesses at the regime's end. The objective is to dissect the dynamics of money laundering and terrorism in nexus with immigrants' perspectives. The absences of laws and regulations or weak enforcement in the non-developing countries testify to the seriousness shown by existing governments towards curbing this menace. These conducive conditions substantiate criminal networks to expand their muscles at the transnational level, particularly in developed countries. As a way forward, the researcher believes the article will be a valuable contributing factor in curbing immigrants' nexus in money laundering and terrorism.
Crisis Marketing: Hand Washing Brands Communication during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akhter Faheem , Kiran Fatima , Shams Aisha
Published: January 2024

Natural catastrophes and crises have recently gained international significance, partly as a result of business globalization and increased international communication. In the pandemic situation, the importance of hygiene increased, and washing hands at regular intervals or frequently washing after touching some external surface was important to fight against the deadly virus called COVID-19. This paper tries to understand the message of the hand washing advertisements of Dettol, Lifebuoy, and Safeguard. It also tries to understand the emotional appeal in advertisements impacting the customers and whether its message content helps in increasing the awareness of the safety and hygiene appeals made by the hand washing brands in their advertising content. This study conducted a content analysis of Dettol, Lifebuoy, and Safeguard advertisements for one year from 1st February 2020 to 28th February 2021.
Creativity in Language Teaching
Authors: Siddiqi Maliha
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of creativity in language teaching. This is an era of technology. Modern techniques are replacing ancient ones. Changes are taking place all around us, whether they are gradual or drastic. In this scenario, teachers should adopt the latest trends and techniques, in order to cope with the modern world. The necessity to learn a foreign language has become intense due to the increase in globalization and expansion in international relations, trade, technology, and media. Textbooks are said to be a major source of Language Teaching in Pakistan. Unfortunately, the current curriculum is not well-equipped for the challenges of 21st century. Primarily all the teachers and particularly language teachers need to enhance their expertise in teaching. If they use a diversity of teaching methods and strategies, learning will be more active. Students should be given chance to reproduce in the new language as it would help them to ‘switch’ from their native language to the language they are going to learn. This research throws light on the importance of creativity in the acquisition of a new language and the practical ways through which it may be implemented so that language teachers can opt for them with ease.
Cultural Competence: A tool to Augment the Education Recovery in Universities of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Seema Khalid , Iraqi Dr. Khalid Mehmood
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to develop a cross-cultural lens, build upon Cultural Competence (CC) to provide valuable insights to handle the hard hits of the much-touted epidemic on the education sector and for stimulating Education Recovery in Pakistan, which is of utmost importance in nowadays’ global scenario. Pakistan with a frail technological background coupled with a financial trajectory needs to take up an intelligent direction to speed up the education loss recovery. Policy development and effective planning in universities require sound strategy and comprehensive training so to equip the teachers with all the tools to effectively handle the cultural variations in a class and develop transcultural relationships and environment in universities. Relevant information is gathered from three universities in Karachi using a purposive sampling technique through a questionnaire while the sample size includes 102 responses. SPSS was used for the analysis and instrument reliability was tested through Cronbach Alpha. The correlational Regression Model was run and findings show that the chosen constituents of Cultural Competence have a positive and significant relationship with the motivation and performance of teachers. The research concludes that CC can be used as a tool for the enhancement of faculty performance on the ground of its social and economic benefits.
Motion of No-confidence against Imran Khan: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Headlines
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Khan Nazish
Published: January 2024

The current research study is aimed at critical discourse analysis of the newspaper headlines about the motion of no-confidence against Imran Khan in the parliament of Pakistan. The study is descriptive qualitative. Fairclough’s (1992) framework for critical discourse analysis of a communicative event was used for this study. Twenty-six newspaper headlines were selected from reputed Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers. The data was collected through purposive sampling techniques. The critical discourse analysis of newspaper headlines elucidated how the same news item was differently presented in different newspapers due to the ideological perspectives of their editors. The study reflects that the editors of newspapers have concealed ideologies that aim to create a sensation among their readers by employing a stimulating lexicon. These headlines function as a tool for propagating the hidden ideologies of editors to achieve their concealed objectives. The study draws the conclusion that newspaper headlines are representations of the editors’ ideologies which reflect their political, religious and personal propensity regardless of their claim to be unbiased and neutral in their field. The newspaper editors exploit headlines to shape readers’ thinking on issues of national concern.
Causes, Consequences, and Countermeasures of Terrorism in Pakistan: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Naqvi Syeda Aleen , Moulabuksh Muneera , Abdulalik Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Terrorism tends to generate threats to the safety of common man and panic in society. These acts are beyond the preview of the law of the state. There are several types and natures e.g. political, philosophical, ideological, ethnic, religious, and others. In a wider sense, terrorism carries political motives. The perpetrators or acts of terrorism can be individuals, groups, or states. Terrorist attacks have become tragically common around the world. The majority of (82 %) terrorist attacks and deaths occurred in 5 nations, including Pakistan. South Asia is left alone as a regional frontline fighter dealing with terrorism. Pakistan frequently faces the challenges of terrorist activities with several factional assaults. The study focuses on the causes, consequences, and countermeasures of terrorism in Pakistani society, particularly in Karachi. A convenient sampling of the non-probability sampling technique is employed. Data is obtained with a sample of the targeted area. This included law enforcement agencies and administration. The result indicates the opinion of the public, civil society organizations, and think tanks on terrorism.
The Importance of The Government Support for Operations of Islamic Micro Finance Bank
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mubashir Qadir , Shariq Mubashir Shariq
Published: January 2024

The role of the government and political pressure groups are the fundamental requirement for the success of Islamic micro finance banking. It is different to the conventional banking, and it is more like a social movement. It encourages the poor people to develop themselves with the support of the government and the Islamic micro finance bank. The basic objective of such institutions to poor peasants through small amounts of advances/ agriculture raw material for crops. The returns are always difficult without support of the socio-political groups in the locality. The study is based on qualitative techniques two propositions which were theoretically selected and discussed in detail. The sample is selected of 60 persons of working in senior positions in small financial institutions. A sample of 60 officials covered for this survey. Data collect via online survey. Pre-structured close ended questionnaire was sent via email on around 150 email IDs of executives of the financial institutions. Pakistan is a collective, conservative, cultural, country where socio cultural bonds in the public are very strong. Therefore, without political support, no public work can be successful.
Community Factors Facilitating or Hampering Service Delivery of Lady Health Workers: Views and Experiences of Beneficiaries
Authors: Salah ud Din Nazia , Jabeen Tahira
Published: January 2024

The community level factors are essential to consider for the improved performance of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in service delivery, including community acceptance of CHWs and support of local health care institutions. The CHW acts as a connection between the community and the healthcare system, and by serving in this role, CHWs greatly improve the health condition of community members. Locally known as Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in Pakistan, Community Health Workers are women who offer maternity and pediatric healthcare at the community scale. The current study's objective was to investigate which community circumstances influence the performance of LHWs in service delivery. A quantitative research method was utilized to achieve the objective with the social ecology model acting as the theoretical base. Respondents of the study were from 398 households in the Lahore District and were in the age group of 15 to 49 years. An interview schedule was employed as the tool for gathering data, and participants were selected using a proportional systematic random sample. The study discovered a strong relationship between beneficiaries' use of LHW services and community factors. Based on these findings, it is suggested that community level factors be improved or strengthened to enhance LHWs' performance for offering services.
Debt Trap Diplomacy of China in the Eyes of International Media
Authors: Khanum Masroor , Daud Sayeda , Uddin Syed Shahab
Published: January 2024

The word “debt diplomacy” is becoming a new strategic game to gain political influence and acquire strategic assets by using the weapon of leveraging debt over low-economic nations. The deliberative trap of developed countries such as China is using the strategy of development finance in order to entrap economies with the purpose to exploit another country's benefits. The word debt diplomacy is first being used by an Indian academic early in the year of 2017. This created a surge in the global market. Debt diplomacy can be expressed as, the structure of the economic circle where there is the provision of loans plunging into a condition where the borrowing country falls into the trap of lending country debt. The article is a qualitative document analysis of Chinese policies towards less developed countries. It finds whether China has been so exploitative or not to the countries to whom it gave some development loans. The article takes a close view at the international media and academic writing to analysis the allegation of debt trap levelled by the Western community against the Chinese developmental loans for the less developed part of the world.
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Child Health: A Case Study of Sargodha District
Authors: Anwar Asiya , Shahzadi Uzma , Parveen Kausar
Published: January 2024

In the modern era, malnutrition in children is the primary cause of sickness and mortality worldwide, but especially in underdeveloped nations. Children who are malnourished experience significant delays in their physical development and academic success. The main objective was to investigate the socio-economic determinants influencing the health of children in the Sargodha District. Population of the present study was parents, having at least one child. Multi stage sampling method was used and study was quantitative in nature. Since maximum of the population comprised of literate parents, therefore, questionnaire was used as tool of data collection. Major findings revealed that: majority of the respondents agreed that families with higher socio-economic status (SES) can better nurture their children than those with lower SES and parents with lower SES cannot give their children proper health facilities. Majority also agreed that poor sanitation in slums; polluted environment, less education, lack of parental awareness, mental and physical stress, marital friction, larger family size, poverty & scarcity of economic resources are contributing factors towards child health problems. Moreover, the study suggests supply of adequate amount of fundsnd good governance to combat these issues.
Gender and Regional Differences in Dropout Due to Distance of School in Sindh
Authors: Tabassum Naima
Published: January 2024

This research paper explores gender and regional differences in school dropout due to distance of school in Sindh province. The research is done through a survey of school dropout children in six divisions of Sindh. A sample of 5650 dropout children was selected to collect data with the help of a questionnaire. The results of the study show that there is no significant gender difference in children’s dropout due to distance of school. But more rural children in Sindh drop out of school due to far away distance of school as compared to their urban counterparts.
Prevalence and Nature of Domestic Violence against Women in Balochistan
Authors: Barrech Sadia , Din Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Violence against women is an alarming issue in Balochistan, and women from all socioeconomic backgrounds are susceptible to domestic Violence in varying steps. It is contended that patriarchal descriptions of gender roles might strengthen the adopted inferiority of women. Therefore, it might not be a mere fluke that many women in Balochistan rationalize Domestic Violence for numerous motives. The present study aims to check out socioeconomic factors contributing to domestic Violence against women, and the research attempts to investigate the factors responsible for Domestic Violence against Women in Balochistan. The objectives of this study are: To Identify socioeconomic factors associated with Domestic Violence against Women. To know the attitudinal acceptance of women towards Domestic Violence. The findings illustrate that low socioeconomic status and attitudinal acceptance of women toward domestic Violence led to Domestic Violence against Women. Data shows that 34% of the respondents believed that the reason behind Domestic Violence is arguing with Husbands. Only 8 percent of the respondents favoured going out of home without telling the reason behind the Domestic Violence against them. The issue may be overcome by strengthening the implementation of existing laws, providing comprehensive support services and promoting gender equality and women's empowerment.
Investigating the Implementation of Single National Curriculum (SNC) In Primary Private Schools of Karachi
Authors: Aziz-un-nisa  , Khan Hamza Farid , Soha Abbas
Published: January 2024

The Single National Curriculum is a government of Pakistan's initiative to develop and implement a single curriculum for all students to provide an equal opportunity for all students to receive a top-notch education in terms of an educational plan, guidance mechanism and evaluation framework. Investigating and examining how the Single National Curriculum is being implemented in Karachi's primary private schools is the goal of this research. This research study is based on a quantitative method, and the research study is done through online Google Forms, through which 60 researchers were chosen to respond based on random sampling. The Single National Curriculum was developed and implemented in schools. Still, primary private schools and their instructors were not participating in these processes, according to the chi-square analysis of the data. Ninety-seven percent (97%) of the primary private schools in Karachi did not use the Single National Curriculum. Additionally, it was found that private school teachers were unaware of anyone else participating in the Single National Curriculum but themselves. It is therefore recommended that the Government devise a plan to address the needs, application and practicability of the Single National Curriculum to all the stakeholders, including the teachers.
Digital Media Training Programs and their Role in Enhancing Employee Skills and Performance
Authors: Zafar AMMAD , Aleem Noureen
Published: January 2024

The study investigated how employee performance and skills in Karachi, Pakistan's media business, are affected by digital media training programs. A professional and flexible workforce is essential in the unexpectedly shifting digital landscape. However, there is limited empirical data on the efficacy of applications for digital media education in this setting. This study fills a substantial information gap by assessing the impact of such training initiatives on employee abilities and performance. The primary objective of this research is to ascertain whether digital media training programs have a substantial and statistically significant impact on enhancing employee skills and performance in Karachi's media sector. A blended-techniques research technique has been adopted, encompassing each quantitative survey and qualitative interview. A sample of 120 personnel working in the media industry participated in the study, providing valuable insights into their experiences with digital media training. The results of this are compelling, revealing a high-quality locating that participants who underwent virtual media education were about seventeen times more likely to exhibit more desirable abilities and progressed performance than their non-taking part opposite numbers. This statistically significant impact underscores the transformative potential of these training programs. The analysis and findings of the study give realistic tips for media groups, policymakers, and stakeholders, emphasizing the significance of strategic investments in complete and updated digital media education initiatives.
Investigating the Factors of Low Enrolment of Girls at Secondary School Level: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Khaskheli Waheed Akber , Qureshi Jameel Ahmed Qureshi , Memon Dr. Zareen Atta Memon
Published: January 2024

The enrolment of girls in schools poses a significant challenge within underdeveloped nations. Education provision is a fundamental human right that is universally recognized and acknowledged. Each academic year witnesses many female students discontinuing their education at the primary level, thereby failing to complete their secondary education successfully. The primary aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the factors associated with the relatively low enrollment rates of female students at the secondary school level within the Kashmor district, specifically in the Knadhkot area. A research investigation was undertaken within a sample of 15 Government Schools, wherein the active participation of parents and community members was sought through the questionnaire administration. The research study employed a stratified random sampling technique to select participants from parents and community members carefully. Hence, the sample comprises 384 individuals, either parents of dropped-out female school children or community members. The data were obtained by using the questionnaire. The data collected underwent analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation and multiple regression analysis. The identified factors, such as poverty (M=3.26), customs and traditions (M=3.26), an unsafe environment (M=3.15), and a lack of institutional support (M=3.39), have been determined to be the primary contributors to the low enrolment of girls at the secondary school level in the study area, the null hypothesis is rejected based on regression analysis results with an R-squared value of 0.549,(F = 144.083, p < 0.001). The average score of each question indicates a high extent of agreement among respondents regarding the impact of the factors. To enhance the enrollment rate of girls, it is recommended that the government increase the stipend amount and provide it monthly rather than quarterly or yearly. A community-level transport system should also ensure girls and their parents feel safe when sending their girls to school after completing 5th grade. A community citizenship organization should also be established to facilitate meetings and discussions regarding girls' enrolment and admission at the local level.
Interfaith Collaboration: The Case of PCWR-FF in Contextualizing Postmodern Realities in Pakistan
Authors: Shakeel Samia , Ahmed Shakeel , Sajid Imran Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Religious and faith-based organizations are extremely important for interfaith harmony. With a sizable Muslim population, Pakistan is a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, and multi-religious country. Numerous other religions exist, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism. The non-Muslim Kalashi minority also resides in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. From a modernist perspective, the religious affairs in the country were static in the sense that every Religion was confined to its sphere of influence and dialogue as a process of understanding was outside of this equation. In this study, we examine how a postmodern perspective takes shape in Pakistan in the increasing role of those interfaith organizations that believe in religio-cultural harmony and plurality. The Pakistan Council of World Religions-Faith Friends (PCWR-FF) is one platform that encourages dialogue, tolerance, and global collaboration among followers of different faiths. This study shows that all religious leaders concur with most postmodern ideas, including collectivism, equality, pluralism, and interfaith cooperation. The followers of each Religion are keenly conscious of the followers of the other religions. Religious leaders are encouraged by PCWR-FF to adopt postmodern concepts. It gives followers of many faiths a place to gather, converse, and understand one another. Hence, Pakistan has become more tolerant of other religions.
Media Advocacy on Health Hazards of CPEC's Coal Power Project: The Sustainable Development Goal#3 is under threat
Authors: Kiran Fatima , Akhter Faheem
Published: January 2024

In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations members committed to improving all individuals' well-being and prioritizing health as a key development aspect.  However, the proposed construction of a 300MW coal power plant at Gwadar, a crucial location in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), raises concerns about its impact on human lives and the environment.  This project could hinder Pakistan's progress in achieving Sustainable Development Goal #3.  Although the power plant aims to address Pakistan's energy scarcity, debates highlight the potential adverse effects on human health and climate due to carbon emissions from coal.  This study explores how the media contributes to raising awareness of the health risks associated with the CPEC.  It suggests that media coverage may employ diversionary framing by emphasizing the economic benefits of the CPEC while diverting attention from the health consequences for the general population.
Occupational Safety and Health in Coal Fields of Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Tareen Muhammad Alam , Zakir Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Coal, the black diamond, is the second and cheapest source of energy all over the world. Despite its economic importance and contribution to eradicating unemployment, mining causes health and safety issues if it is carried out using old and fangled methods. It has resulted in disasters several times. Considering these issues, this study identifies risk factors such as occupational safety and health in coal mining in the Mach and Sor-Range coal fields among Balochistan, Pakistan's six large coal fields. These fields have been producing coal on a massive scale for many decades. Though coal mining is helping out a large number of workers economically, it has caused several types of fatal injuries and even casualties. Among several reasons, unsafe and primitive methods are the main reason for disaster in the mining sector. The workers at coal fields lack all essential health and safety facilities; no type of training is ever conducted for the safety of workers. The untrained workers are transferring the old mining methods to the next generation. The absence of emergency cells, which are highly prone to accidents and diseases due to methane gases, coal mine collapse, and dust, makes the workers inside and the population living near the coal fields vulnerable.
Role of Organizational Culture in Improving Employee Psychological Ownership
Authors: Qureshi Saleem Raza , Larik Abdul Razaque , Bukhari Syed Gulzar Ali Shah
Published: January 2024

The current investigation aimed to examine the impact of organizational culture (OC) on the psychological ownership of healthcare employees. The case of the health sector in Pakistan was chosen. This study employed the dimensional Denison (2000) model of OC possessing the characteristics of involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission, while the construct of psychological ownership is drawn from the work of Pierce, Kostova, and Dirks (2003). The primary data were collected through a questionnaire from 324 doctors and nurses, male and female, belonging to both public and private hospitals. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 22.0, and the correlation and multiple regression techniques were adopted. Findings show that involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission explained 73% of healthcare employees' psychological ownership variance. All four dimensions of OC variables, including involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission, were found to possess strong statistically significant relationships and moderate effects on employee psychological ownership.
Who Else Dies When a Mother Dies? Investigating the Effects of Maternal Mortality on Children and Families in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Omer  Sonia , Jabeen Sadia
Published: January 2024

The effects of maternal mortality on children and families are drastic, particularly in countries where maternal deaths are high. Pakistan has the highest maternal mortality rate in the South Asian region. Social, economic, and cultural factors are primarily responsible for the greater number of maternal deaths in the country. Most of the deaths are reported in rural areas. Children and families, after losing a mother, go through testing times that include infant mortality, compromising health conditions of children, remarriage of fathers, discontinuation of education, poor health conditions of children, early marriage of a girl child, and mental disorders among children. The current study is qualitative and has used verbal autopsies to find out the effects of maternal deaths on children and families. Thematic analysis has been used to draw on the major findings of the research. The study concluded that mothers' death discontinuation in children's education, early girl-child marriage, and early engagement in labor work were the effects on family and children. There is a dire need to propose a comprehensive program to control maternal mortality on the part of the government and policymakers.
Education Recovery Mission 2022: Understanding the Role of Leader-Member Relationship upon Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB): A Case Study Approach
Authors: Khalid Seema , Kazmi Aqeel Hayder , Zia Saood
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 has brought voluminous disruptions in Education in the form of abrupt closure of schools, ungreeted online classes and students' learning & performance challenges. This study aims to recover unmet educational targets. It investigates the impact of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) on the Employees' Performance in a leading college in Karachi as a case study. Relevant information is gathered from the said organization through interviews and a questionnaire, and the sample size includes 102 subjects. The statistical tool applied in this study is LMX-MDM, which assists in measuring the relationship quality between different organizational levels, and the OCB scale introduced by Podsakoff highlights 24-item help investigating the OCB variables and their impact on employees' performance. The correlational Regression Model was run, and findings show that the chosen constituents of LMX have a positive and significant relationship with the teachers' behavior and improved performance. The research provides insight into different ways to integrate strategies to motivate the workforce to achieve the unmet educational targets due to the pandemic. The study also serves as a reference for stakeholders in Academia to introduce a new set of techniques and enhance the performance in educational settings during the pandemic.
RESPONSES OF LOWLAND CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum Lycopersicum var. Cerasiform) PLANTED UNDER SOILLESS CULTURE SYSTEM TO THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT BIOCHAR SUBSTRATES AND FOLIAR FERTILIZER
Authors: Sharifah Nurul Asma' Syed Ahmad Putra  , Wan Zaliha Wan Sembok
Published: January 2024

A field experiment has been conducted to evaluate the effect of different biochar substrates and foliar fertilizer derived from seaweed on the growth of lowland cherry tomato and its fruit quality attributes. The experiment was arranged as according to the randomized complete block design with two factors viz. i) different biochar substrates (Palm Kernel Shell, PKS; Sugarcane Bagasse, SB; Coconut Shell, CS; and Walit Bird Waste; WW), and ii) with (W) and without seaweed (WO) extract. The experimental treatments were i) cocopeat with SW; ii) cocopeat (C) alone (serve as control); iii) C and PKS with seaweed; iv) C and PKS without seaweed; v) C and SB with seaweed; vi) C and SB without seaweed; vii) C and WW with seaweed; viii) C and WW without seaweed; ix) C and CS with seaweed; and x) C and CS without seaweed with four replications. The parameters evaluated were such as pre- (stem diameter) and postharvest parameters (number of fruits, fresh weight, fruit colour, fruit diameter, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and fruit firmness). For the results, both factors were not significantly interacted in all parameters assessed as well as its single factor. However, in general, some of the parameters with biochar and SW showed a tendency to improve growth and fruit quality. In conclusion, regardless of SW extract, all substrates can be developed into commercial growth media exclusively for cherry tomato as they had a comparable growth and postharvest quality without causing adverse effect. In addition, the best biochar substrate could not be revealed as all the substrates had similar effect with control. Meanwhile, SW extract had the potential to be commercialized as foliar biofertilizer, however, the pure solution should be more concentrated
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER(II) COMPLEX WITH TETRADENTATE N2O2 AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION AS PROMISING ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES
Authors: Che Soh Siti Kamilah , Assaw Suvik , Zainuddin Nur Aina
Published: January 2024

A square planar Schiff base complex, Cu(H2L) namely N,N’-bis(4-methyl-α-salicylidene)propane-1,3-diaminecopper(II) through the condensation reaction of ligand with copper(II) acetate in the molar ratio of 1:1 in acetonitrile solvent was successfully synthesized. The obtained complex was characterized using, elemental analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electronic spectra of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. FTIR confirmed the coordinates the metal ion to form mononuclear complex via tetradentate (ONNO) atoms of the phenolic group and azomethine group, respectively. The antibacterial studies of H2L and its Cu(H2L) were determined by screening the compounds against selected various Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. Indeed, preliminary results exhibited Cu(H2L) more active than the free ligand and displayed promising antibacterial activity, while no effect has been observed on strains for H2L.
OBSERVATION ON THE FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS OF ROSE (Rosa spp.) IN A RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE AREA
Authors: Mohamed Nor Zalipah , Mahmod Nor Hidayah
Published: January 2024

Many ornamental plants are aseasonal, providing continuous food supply which leads to survival of many flower-visiting insects. Although the flower-visiting insects are always perceived as pollinators, not all visitation actually resulted in pollination of the flowers. Thus, this study aimed to identify the flower-visiting insects of a common ornamental plant, Rosa spp., and to determine their potential role as pollinators from their foraging behaviour at the flowers. Data collection was conducted in Jasin, Melaka, in 2021. A camera was set up approximately 0.5 meter from the full bloom flower, throughout its anthesis period. From the video footage, the parameters recorded were visitation frequency, visitation type (legitimate and illegitimate visitation) and the time spent at the flower. As a result, 253 visitations were recorded by six insect taxa; four from the order Hymenoptera, and one each from the order Lepidoptera and Diptera. A hymenopteran bee, Halictidae sp. was found to show the highest visitation frequency. Only three species; Halictidae sp., Heterotrigona itama and Amegilla sp. showed legitimate visits. For the time spent (mean ± SE), Halictidae sp. (30.08 ± 4.87 minute) recorded significantly longer time as compared to other visitors (H = 13.78, df = 4, p < 0.01). Based on the visitation rate, time spent and visitation type, Halictidae sp. showed the highest potential as pollinator for Rosa spp., followed by H. itama and Amegilla sp. It is important to understand the contributions of the ornamental plants such as Rosa spp. as food source to these insects for conservation of these pollinating agents. Not only these flowers help in the survival of pollinating agents throughout the years, these pollinating agents also contribute to the survival of the flowering plants by facilitating the pollination process of the flowers they visited.
Sub-surface foraminifera distribution and preservation in short core samples from the Strait of Malacca
Authors: Minhat Fatin Izzati
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Strait of Malacca—a shallow and hyposaline strait—is one of the busiest shipping routes in the world. It divides Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. This study assessed the sub- surface distribution of benthic foraminifera, their preservation, and their relationship with the sediment characteristics of the Strait of Malacca. One short sediment core sample was collected from the southern part of the Strait of Malacca. The core was then divided into 10 subsamples at every 2 cm interval. The samples were used for foraminifera identification and grain size and organic matter analysis. From the approximately 3000 benthic foraminifera that were selected and identified, 17 species exhibited ≥ 2% occurrence in at least one subsample along the core. Out of the 17 species identified, 4 species (Asterorotalia pulchella (57%), Cavarotalia annectens (13%), Discorbinella bertheloti (7%), and Pseudorotalia schoerteriana (6%)) exhibited an average relative abundance of >5% in all core intervals. Cluster analysis subdivided the core intervals into two groups: BF1 and BF2. Both the groups were dominated by A. pulchella. The PCA biplot indicated that BF1, which represented the upper sub-surface intervals, had relatively more agglutinated species than BF2. Despite being common in surface samples along the Strait of Malacca, species such as Textularia sp. were absent further down the core. This study indicated that in the sub-surface sediment of the Strait of Malacca, calcareous hyaline species, especially those belonging to Rotaliida, were abundant and readily preserved compared to the agglutinated or calcareous porcelaneous groups. The loss of several agglutinated groups down the cores indicated that a more discreet approach to paleoenvironmental interpretation using benthic foraminifera assemblages should be adopted in this region to avoid bias in the interpretation.
JENIS GAYA ASUHAN IBU BAPA, KECERDASAN EMOSI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN TINGKAH LAKU REMAJA DELINKUEN
Authors: ABU TALIB JASMI , Mokhtar Farah Nabillah , AB RAJI NURUL ATIQAH , Nordin Fatin Nurain
Published: January 2024

Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara gaya asuhan ibu bapa dan kecerdasan emosi terhadap tingkah laku delinkuen remaja. Seramai 338 orang pelajar sekolah menengah di Daerah Kuala Terengganu telah dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan untuk terlibat dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan tiga set soal selidik iaitu soal selidik Paulson’s Perception of Parenting Scale, Soal Selidik Kecerdasan Emosi dan Soal Selidik Skala Delinkuen. Data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan min dan peratusan manakala analisis inferensi menggunakan kolerasi dan regrasi. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya asuhan ibu bapa dan kecerdasan emosi terhadap tingkah laku delinkuen remaja. Bagi korelasi berganda pula menunjukkan gaya asuhan ibu bapa memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap tingkah laku delinkuen remaja, manakala kecerdasan emosi tidak memberi sumbangan secara langsung. Oleh itu, gaya asuhan ibu bapa dan kecerdasan emosi remaja perlu dimantapkan lagi kerana telah terbukti bahawa kedua-dua pembolehubah dalam kajian ini mempunyai hubungan terhadap tingkahlaku delinkuen remaja. Namun, kajian lanjutan perlulah dijalankan bagi mengesahkan lagi dapatan kajian ini dengan melihat perkara-perkara yang lain yang tidak diukur melalui kajian ini.

Kata Kunci: Gaya asuhan ibu bapa, kecerdasan emosi, tingkah laku delinkuen remaja.

Abstrac:This study aimed to examine the relationship between parenting style and emotional intelligence towards adolescent delinquent behavior. A total of 338 secondary school students in Kuala Terengganu District were purposively selected to be involved in this study. This study was conducted quantitatively using three sets of questionnaires namely Paulson’s Perception of Parenting Scale, emotional intelligence questionnaire and delinquent scale questionnaire. The data were analysed descriptively using min and percentages while correlation and regression for inferential analysis. The results of the study found that there was a significant relationship between parenting styles and emotional intelligence on adolescent delinquent behavior. For multiple correlation also revealed that the parenting style has significantly contributed towards adolescent delinquent behavior, while emotional intelligence was not directly contributed. Hence, there is the need for strengthening both parenting styles and emotional intelligence of the adolescents as it has been proven through this study that these two variables have a relationship with adolescent delinquent behavior. Also, further studies need to be carried out to validate the findings of this study by looking at other things that are not be measured in this study.

Keywords: Parenting style, emotional intelligence, adolescent delinquent behavior.
PERCEPTION OF THE LOCAL TOURIST ON RAMBU SOLO CEREMONY
Authors: Hadriaty Hadriaty , Ismail Isma Rosila , Che Noh Che Hasniza
Published: January 2024

The Rambu Solo ceremony has its uniqueness. There are various long ritual processes so this uniqueness makes Toraja a tourist destination that is visited by many tourists with many tourists coming. The Toraja people and tourists will mingle and communicate with each other. Yet, when the communication that occurs between the Toraja people and tourists does not go well, it will have an impact. For example, the dispute over the understanding of the meaning that occurred between the Toraja community and local tourists in Kate Kesu Toraja where two tourists who accidentally took a photo stepped on the skull of a corpse in the tourist spot this action made the Toraja people angry. The objective of this study is to determine the perception of local tourists and the Toraja people in the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony in the North Toraja Regency, Rantepao, Kesu District, Panta'nakan Lolo Village. Furthermore, the research method used in this research is qualitative, based on case study research and descriptive research type. Meanwhile, the number of informants in this study was 6 informants, consisting of 3 local tourist informants and 3 other people from the Toraja community while the data collection technique used was in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that the Toraja community's perception of the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony is that the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony is an obligation that must be carried out by the Toraja Tujaan community as a loving service to the bereaved family, especially to both parents, besides that the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony as a place to show off pride and a marker of the social status of the Toraja people because the Toraja people themselves know 4 social statuses, namely tana bulawan (the golden tana caste which in them comes from the king's descendants), the second tana bassi (iron tana caste in which those who come from security), the third tana karurung (the caste in which the free people) and the fourth the tana kua-kua (this caste is for the people of ramba, pesuru). Meanwhile, the perception of local tourists towards the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony shows that the rambu solo ceremony is a unique burial ceremony because the process of carrying out the burial is different in general, in addition to the implementation of the rambu solo there are many processes and unique rituals in it such as uniquely slaughtering animals, burial with 3 places, namely cliff cemetery, wood and patania (house for the dead). The implication of this research is the perception of the implementation of the rambu solo ceremony which if it is carried out will lead to conflict.