bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing of composite (Ni-Al +Al2O3-ZrO2) by using Flame Thermal Spray Technique.
Authors: I.K Jassim  , S.Y. Darweesh  , S.M. Nuri
Published: April 2023

Flame Thermal Spray technique was used to produce matrix composite of ZrO2 (25%) reinforced with Alumina (25%) with (Al-Ni) (50)% have been spray into base substrate of stainless steel type (316L). All samples were grit blasted as initial preparation state and all spraying done at different distances from substrate (12, 14, 16,17, 18, 20) cmtest of stiffness, porosity and adhesion has been experienced on the compound layer which produced to study the effect of changing the spraying distance on the layer characteristic. All samples were heated at (950, 1050) ºC for(1/2hr). The results before and after heat treatment show that the optimum condition for spraying distance at (16 cm) and heat treatment at (1050 ºC) which are most effective to give best results  especially hardness, porosity and adherence bond.
The Role of Aspartame sweetner in Instant Beverages in Inducing Gross Malformations and Histpathological Lesions in White Mice Liver Mus musculs and Their Embryos
Authors: Hani Mallah Hmodi Al-Hamdani  , A'ala Abdulteef Salih Al-Kazzaz
Published: April 2023

The present study was made to investigate the role of high doses of aspartame used as sweeteners of instant beverages (Tropicana Slim) for inducing gross malformations and histopathological lesions in the liver of white mice and their embryos, furthermore malformations in the embryos of these mice. For this purpose (25) pregnant mice were used which were divided into five equal groups (one control and four experimental groups). Aspartame was given to the mice as single daily dose in a concentration of (0,1500, 2500, 3500, 5000) mg/Kg of body weight (b. w.). At the concentration 1500 mg/Kg, there were closure of left eye and death of some of the pregnant mice. In the dose 3500 (b.w.), abortion was seen in 20% of the pregnant mice as well as vaginal bleeding at the 10th day of pregnancy. The liver of pregnant mice was pale, greenish with the appearance of fatty substance appeared.  Microscopically, there were dilatation of the sinusoids, degenerative and necrotic change of hepatocyts, fibrin deposition, apoptosis, Kupffer cell hypertrophy, and malformations occurred at rate of 84% and the main congenital detects induced curved and hyperatrophied embryos, hypertrophy of the brain, rounded head with bird peak-like appearance, and a groove separate the small head from body, meningomsclocele, spina bifida, chortening and curvature of the extremities, tail that looks like question mark. The histological lesions in the liver of the embryos were similar to these seen in the liver of their mothers
Evaluation the relationship between the antibodies of Helicobacter pylori and Interleukin-6 in patients with gastritis in Kirkuk province
Authors: Allaa Qadir Muhammad  , Chateen Izz al-Din Ali
Published: April 2023

Background:: Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the most common cause of chronіc gastrіtis, and also an important pathogenic factor in peptic ulcer disease, after colonization and persistant in the mucus layers of the human stomach causes a raised level of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-6.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Kirkuk city from 15th  of December 2016 to 15th  of June 2017 in Azady teaching hospital in Kirkuk governorate, anti H. pylori IgG level and IL-6 level were estimated by using anti H. pylori IgG ELISA kit and IL-6 ELISA kit.
Results: A total of 90 patients the interleukin-6 level and anti H. pylori IgG level in a group of untreated patients against H. pylori infection (225.592 ng/L, 1.338 pg/ml respectively) and in a group of patients who had previously treated against H. pylori infection (102.60 ng/L, 0.350 pg/ml respectively) were significantly higher as compared to those of the control group (55.91 ng/L, 0.250 pg/ml respectively).
Conclusion: There were a positive correlation between specific anti H. pylori  IgG level and IL-6 level in H. pylori  associated with gastric ulcer diseases.
Morphoanatomical study of some species from Liliaceae Juss. Family in Ghurfa-Adhaim district
Authors: Ihsan Abdel Azez Abdul Raheem  , Ayyub J. Abdl - Rahmaan Al-Bayaty
Published: April 2023

Four species from Liliaceae family were studied: Bellevalia glauca (Lindl.) Kunth., Bellevalia kurdistanica Feinbrum, Gagea reticulata Salisb. and Ornithogalum brachystachys C.Koch, morphologically and anatomically. Plants were collected from Gurfa-Adhim district between March and May, 2016. Bulb, scape, stem leaves, inflorescence and flowers were examined and variations in size, shape and dimensions were recorded. The results revealed close morphological relationship between Bellevalia galuca and B. kurdistanica in characters: bulbs, stem leaves and stamens, absence of cambium and xylem fibers in outer part of vascular bundle; meanwhile, the two Bellevalia species are varied from Gagea reticulata and Ornithoigalium brachystachys in morphological and anatomical features.
Antimicrobial activity of Loranthus europaeus L. and Lawsonia inermis L. extracts against clinical Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from boil infections
Authors: Abbas yaseen Hasan  , Thuraya Kadhum Ismael
Published: April 2023

This study included to collect 106 samples boil swab from patients, males and females, at Baqubah Teaching Hospital whose ages ranged between (1-80) years old. At the period of 1st July 2016 to the end of January 2017. Aimed to identification of bacterial isolates and determine the antibiotic resistance of isolates. In addition to determine the activity of aqueous and alcohol of Loranthus europaeus and Lawsonia inermis extracts on bacterial isolates. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the percentage of infected females (58.49%) compared to the infected males (41.51%). The study involved isolation and diagnosis of (41) (38.67%) of Staphylococcus aureus, of which, 5 (12.20%) were methicillin-resistant isolates. Bacterial isolates were identified initially depending on cultural and microscopic features and biochemical reactions test. Antibiotics sensitivity of Staph. aureus conducted for 14 β-lactam antibiotic groups. All of bacterial isolates (100%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefepime, and  (92.68%) to cefoxitin and penicillin G, while (100%) of isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and Meropenem. Regarding plant extracts, various concentrations of hot aqueous extracts were prepared for each one of them (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200) mg/ml against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus. When Loranthus europaeus’s extract was used, the diameters of  inhibition zone were (14.57, 15.28,16.00, 23.71 and 25.00 mm) while (0.00, 11.85, 18.00, 21.28 and 24.14 mm) when Lawsonia inermis’s extract was used. Like aqueous extracts, same range of concentrations were prepared for alcoholic extracts. The diameters of  inhibition zone were (7.57, 8.42, 10.57,13.28, 17.28), (11.14, 17.00, 20.85, 25.42, 28.42) when alcoholic extracts of Loranthus europaeus and  Lawsonia inermis, respectively were used. Comparing the activity of hot and alcoholic aqueous extracts of the tested plants, alcoholic extracts of Lawsonia inermis had a higher inhibitory effect against S. aureus isolates.
Histopathological effect of different concentration of powder detergent on the laboratory mice ( Mus musculus ) intestine
Authors: Sundus M. Tayfur
Published: April 2023

Eighty mice (Mus musculus)  were ingested with various concentration of powder detergent and the Histopathological changes were measurd of different concentration of Powder detergent by ingesting 80 mice Mus musculus  strain (4-8) weeks aged with detergent solutions. mice were divided into (8) groups ,each one composed of (8) mice. The control group (H) were ingested vegetables (celery) only, while the groups (A,B,C,D,E,F,G) were ingested vegetables (celery), which soaked in aqueous solution of Powder detergent with various concentrations of Powder detergent for different times (1.5g/Kg15min, 3g/Kg15min, 4.5g/Kg15min, 1.5g/Kg30min, 3g/Kg30min, 4.5g/Kg30min, 1.5 g/Kg1-2min). The intestine tissue of the exposed mice showed marked Histopathological changes induced in the intestine of mice by detergent included Many  intestinal microvilli were ruptured near the tips, lesions of Epithelial cells of microvilli, Elongation of vili, Degeneration, Lymphocyte infiltration, vacuolation and Necrosis. The effects increased by increasing of concentration the detergent solutions Consecutively 4.5g/Kg30min, 3g/Kg30min and 1.5g/Kg30min, were, more than 4.5g/Kg15min, 3g/Kg15min and 1.5g/Kg15min and duration when compared to control (H) group. The results of this research have shown that the detergent  is toxic  to  the  mice  exposed. the results of the study emphasize healthy hazards of detergent exposure, so needs a proper handling and disposal them during daily life using Finally,  it  is hoped  that  the  result  from  this  investigation  will enlighten  people  on  the  health  risk  posed  by detergent.
Prevalence of PVL gene in some methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus sp. isolated from frozen, non frozen chickens and slaughtering workers in Kirkuk and Erbil
Authors: Shameran M. Tawfiq
Published: April 2023

The present study was performed on a total of 350 samples  (145 freshly chiken, 20 frozen chiken, 30 skin wounds of slaughtering workers,55 nasal swaps of workers and 100 swap from healthy skins of slaughtering warkers. The specimen taken from Shops selling live chickens (local) in Kirkuk and Erbil Governorates that inspected for Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty nine S. aureus isolates were isolated after clinical assessment for bacteriological examination. The isolates were distributed as 15(25%) from heathy workers skins, 5(8.5%) from workers wounds, 20(33.9) from freshly chickens samples,4(6.8%)from frozen chiken and 15 (25%) nasal swaps. The antibiotic susceptibility showed that the most effective antibiotics was Norfloxacin followed Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, and trimethoprim.20 isolates were choosen for PCR test out of 59 depending on sensitivity test (20 hsolate appeared resistance to methecillin disc), PCR results showed that mecA was detected in 12(20.3%) isolate. Distributed to 5(8.5%) fresh chiken, 3(5%) wound, 2(3.4%) healthy workers skins and 1 (1.7%) to each of nasal swabs of workers and frozen chickens of studied isolates.While pvl virulence gene was detected in 6(30%) isolates out of the 12 isolates were positive to mecA gene, 3(25%) fresh chickens, 2(16.7%) healthy workers skins, 1 (8.3%) in wound workers skins, None of the MRSA isolates from nasal workers swabs and frozen chickens were found positive for the PVL genes.The aim of this study to detect PVL gene among MRSA isolates.
Qualitative and Quantitative study of Epipelic diatoms in Tigris River within Wasit province, Iraq
Authors: Shaimaa F. Ali  , Reidh A. Abdul-Jabar  , Fikrat M. Hassan
Published: April 2023

The present study conducted to study epipelic diatoms in the Tigris River within Wasit province for one year from June 2015 to May 2016, five sites have been chosen along the river between Al-Aziziyah and Kut .The aim of the study was to identify and main distributed to them in the Tigris River data were collected by the qualitative and quantitative study of epipelic diatoms. A total number of 161 species of epipelic diatoms was recorded belongs to 36 genera, where the number of central diatoms species recorded were 14 diatoms belonged to 7 genera by (8.69%) and The pinnate diatoms species were 147 species belonging to 27 genera by (91.30%). Seasonal and spatial variations were observed in the total numbers of benthic diatom during the study period, the results recorded the lowest rate of both central and pinnate diatoms were (745.29× 104/cm3) in site1 and the highest rate (1122.92 × 104 /cm3) in site4.Some genera have recorded higher number species during the study period; these genera were Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Amphora, Cyclotella, Melosira, Cocconies, Caloneis, Diatoma, Fragiaria, Surirella and Synedra. The study revealed that Bacillariophyceae were abundant, reflecting the quality of water and mud and determine the extent of pollution and polluted type
Using Arithmetic Weight Index for Study Quality Drinking Water of Al-Gharraf Stream
Authors: Mustafa T. Mustafa  , Khalid I. Hassoon  , Hussain M. Al-Shemari  , Modher H. Abd
Published: April 2023

Water pollution is any physical or chemical change in water quality, directly or indirectly, adversely affects humans or makes water unsuitable for the required uses. This research is concerned with the study of the chemical and physical properties of water in the city of Nasiriya-Iraq and the quantity of pollution by applying the arithmetic weight index. The study was based on the concentrations of positive ions (Potassium , Sodium , Calcium ) and negative ions (Sulfate , Chloride ) acidity (PH), Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S), Alkalinity (ALK), Electrical Conductivity (E.C) Total suspended solids (T.S.S) and total hardness (TH), where the results of the analysis were compared with Iraqi standards adopted to show the validity of water drinking for the use of human.
The results of the study were explained:

The water of the study area is the basicity of the interaction where the pH ranged (7.85-8.8) (8.3-8.6) for two seasons.
All water in the study area is unsuitable for drinking according to the arithmetic weight index.

3. It is not good to apply the standard Iraqi drinking   before treatment water.
Thyroid Function in patients with Ischemic Heart Diseases
Authors: Maha Arshed Hamdi Mageed
Published: April 2023

The effects of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system are the most clinically useful and sensitive signs of thyroid dysfunction. Regarding pathophysiology, thyroid dysfunction has essential cardiovascular consequences in myocardial contractility, peripheral hemodynamics, and heart rate. The aim: To study the association of serum TSH, T4, and T3 levels on ischemic heart diseases. Patients & methods a cross sectional study was conducted in Sallah Alddin general hospital in Tikrit city – Iraq , from 1st January to 30th of June 2017. Fifty  patients (34 male & 16 female ) have joined this study age (mean 58.6 ± 15.2 years), all suffering from ischemic heart diseases (myocardial infarction, angina, & congestive heart failure) & admitted to the Coronary cure unite in the hospital. Also, 50 control healthy subjects were participated in the present study, (30 males and 20 female subjects). Results anthropometric measurements for both males and females (age, weight, height BMI) show no significant differences between patients and the control, while, the BMI for female group exhibits a significant difference. Female and male lipid profile results indicate good significant differences between patients and control except for LDL result for female. Moreover, there are no significant differences for LDL and VLDL in male patients. The TSH, T3, T4, and troponin levels in both male and female patients show significant differences between them and the control groups except T3 level show no significant differences.
Molecular detection of Hemolycin in Escherichia coli and attempt to inhibition by using the Probiotics
Authors: Halah A. A. Al-Hadithi
Published: April 2023

The current study included of (60) urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection in Tikrit Hospital during the period  from April 2017 to June 2017 The results of identification showed that among (49) at percentage (81.6 %) positive samples were found (24) of samples with percentage (48.97 %) were  Escherichia coli isolates .
The susceptibility of isolates to avariety of antibiotics has been investigated, the results revealed that the isolates were (100%) resistant to (Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid), also these isolates have the highest percentage of resistant to Ceftriaxone (91.6%), Cephalothin (95.8%), Ampicillin sulbactam (91.6%), Nitrofurantoin (87.5%), where as isolates have shown lowest percentage of resistant to Chloramphenicol (12.5), Trimethoprime (20.83%). antagonistic activity of four types of probiotics bacteria against (24) isolates Escheriachia coli were performed. Results showed that all probiotics types have inhibition activity against E.coli isolates and the diameter of inhibition zone was highest (20.8 mm) when probiotic L.casei used ,while Bifido.bifidum showed less inhibitory activity against E.coli isolates with (14.5mm)of inhibition zone
In this study the Polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) were used for detection of hemolysin  gene (hly A). Two primers ( hlyA) with 561 bp and  (hlyA) with 1177 bp were used for this purpose. The results were shown that only (62.5%) and (50%) of 24 E.coli  isolates were carried the genes hlyA (561bp), hly A (1177bp) respectively. Furthermore the investigate of molecular influence of probiotics on hemolysin genes were done by using PCR. The results showed some of them lost hly A gene after treating with probiotics. In conclusion, hemolysin toxin gene is important virulence factor for uropathogenic E.coli and using PCR  technique was appeared highly specific,very sensitive method, more than it serves as asuitable molecular diagnostic tool for detection UPEC producing hemolysin toxin .
Identification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Compound in Aloe Vera gel by HPLC
Authors: Ilham Nazhan Numan
Published: April 2023

Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds are  important Components For Aloe Vera gel .The HPCL analysis proved that Aloe Vera gel contains many types of phenolic compounds (188.79 mg/ml cinnamic acid ,876.44 mg aloin, 555.01 Aloe emodin, 235.096 Aloeecticacid, 252.52 Anthranol, 549.98 Simapic acid) at Retention Times (1.777, 3. 448, 5.273, 6.192, 7.378, 8.765) min and Area (54348, 231817, 188319, 71949, 88097, 153061) and many types of flavonoids (227.48 Quercetin, 236.23 Kaempherol, 247.65 Rutin)at Retention Times (1.89,3.15,7.493,8.413) and Area (75828,66531,88538,125858
Serotonin, Endorphin Concentrations and Some Hematological Parameters in Male Narghile Smokers
Authors: Salim Jasim Khalaf  , Mahdi Salh Hamad  , Nahla Kamal Asaad
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between narghile smoking and serum concentration of serotonin and endorphin and some blood hematological indices in males. Group of smokers composed of 50 voluntary, and control group composed of 36 healthy voluntary. This study was conducted on adults man that ages between (18-25 years). The markers measured in this study were serum serotonin and endorphin and hematological indices (platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and white blood cells).
This study showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in levels of serum serotonin, endorphin and blood platelets, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in levels of in blood hematocrit and hemoglobin and a non-significant increase of white blood cells (P>0.05) in smokers as compared with healthy persons.
Preparation and diagnosis of new picolinic acid derivatives
Authors: Wameed Raad Abd-allah  , Khaled Mtani Al – Janabi
Published: April 2023

In this study, a new series of heterocyclic rings derived from picolinic acid was prepared. The quaternary reaction of acid hydrazone with chloroacetyl chloride was intended to obtain the azitidine-2-on ring known as beta-lactam and the preparation of the seventh ring of acid hydrazone reaction with the anhydride and phthalic anhydride To obtain a 3.1-oxabine loop. The five-ring of the picolinic acid hydrazide reaction with CS2 was also destined to obtain a 4,3,1-oxadiazole-2-thaion ring. The new compounds were diagnosed using FT-IR techniques and resonance technique Nuclear Magnetic H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Provenance and Origin of the Sand Dunes Sediments in the Na’ama Area / Southeast Tikrit City Northern Iraq
Authors: Yaseen S. K. Al-Jwaini
Published: April 2023

Study of three Barchan sand dunes in Na'ama area southeast Tikrit city have been carried out for (10) samples, the investigation included petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical aspects of the sand dunes from grain size point, the sand grains are commonly sub-rounded to sub-angular forming about (98.8%) with (1.2%) of mud. Petrographically, the sand are sub-litharenite to lithic arenite and mineralogical analysis indicated that most of sand dunes are mainly consist of quartz and carbonate rock fragments in addition to rare feldspar and mica where quartz prevail the mineralogy of all sand dunes due to the selective wind sorting which concentrates more quartz grains, and to the aeolian weathering activity which has depleted the feldspar grains through subaerial collisions. Fine grained mean grain size, very well to moderately sorted, near symmetrical skewness with leptokurtic distribution are characterized the sand dunes in the study area. These statistical parameters show that the sand dunes are extremely controlled by sedimentary sources (Injana Formation sediments). Also, the rarities of organic materials within the sand dunes indicate to the rarity of coverage plant within the seasonably moved sand dunes.
    Several transparent heavy minerals are identified in the sand dunes such as Tourmaline, Hornblende, Olivine, Chlorite, Ankerite and Zircon with well rounded edges due to the transportation, in addition to opaque heavy minerals of iron oxide like Magnetite, Hematite and Chromite concentrated within sand fraction. Atomic absorption analysis distinguished many types of major and trace elements in the sand dunes too. These heavy minerals and trace elements refer to that the sand dunes were derived from ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks which eroded and deposited later within Injana Formation
Effect of wafer resistivity and light intensity on the topography of porous silicon surfaces produced by photo chemical method
Authors: Amjad Hussen Jassem  , Hanaa E. Jassem  , Shihab Ahmaed Kalaf  , Najat A. Dahham
Published: April 2023

This study includes the effect of wafer resistivity and intensity  of light on topography of porous silicon surfaces which produced by photo chemical etching method, the results showed that changing of the resistivity led to change the  porosity, where it found the porous silicon layer be less of high value resistivity. 
Once all the wafers have same resistivity's value that’s found the light intensity effect on porosity, the less value of porosity produced by the less value of intensity light focused.
The production of Nano crystalline silicon structures and control of their production conditions is the first step to control the properties of the devices (detectors, diodes, solar cells, sensors) and their appropriate applications. Ultimately, this is important in promoting research and development of renewable energy.
Some Properties of the Members of Petersen Family
Authors: Israa M. Tawfik
Published: April 2023

This article has restudied the Petersen family in Graph Theory. It discussed the process of establishing this family. This discussion leads to discovering some new properties of the Petersen family's members.
Bacteriological study of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with meningitis in Baghdad
Authors: Ahmed .K.H.Al Hassan  , Zaid M. M. Al Muhdaw  , Nada A. Al Hasso
Published: April 2023

The study included 92 samples of CSF taken from children aged 1day to 10 years with meningitis. The study was conducted in the hospitals of  Medical City in Baghdad. The samples were obtained by a specialized staff. Conventional direct Gram stain and culture tests were performed. The study sample were categorized into three group a (1day to 2 years), (2 to 6 years) and (6 to 10 years).
The results of the culture test showed that 62 samples out of 92 samples were free of bacteria while 30 samples contained bacteria (43% ). Among the positive culture group , 43% were gram positive bacteria and (57%) were Gram negative bacteria.
Escherichia coli  (43.4 %) was the predominant organism. The second bacterial agent is Staphylococcus aureus (20%) followed by Streptococcus pneumonia (13, 3%). The fourth bacterial isolates were Streptococcus agalactia (10%) and Neisseria meningitidis (10 %).The fifth bacterial agent was  Klebsiella pneumonia   (3.3%).
The most common age group for bacterial meningitis was the first age group (1 to 2 years old) with Escherichia coli being the main bacterium (40%).
Compar the Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts and Nd: YAG Laser in the Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Estabraq Mhmood Mahdi  , Saeed Maher Lafta  , Rashed Ismail Taha
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of some plant extracts of Helianthus annuus L., Sesbania sesban and Olea europea concentrations 100, 500, 1000, 5000 ppm. and the effect of Nd: YAG laser with wavelength of( 1064nm) and different energies which conducted at (10,15 and 20) within (5 pulses/sec) to destruction of the Tribolium castaneum, the study found different results according to the different concentrations used, time period and the different energies of the laser during the treatment. Treatment with plant extracts The extract of the Helianthus annuus L.  was hightst to the rest of the plant extracts. It gave a 100% mortality rate at 5000 ppm concentration 72 hours  of treatment. Then the seesban seed extract came in terms of effect, giving 96.6% mortality rate at the same concentration after  72 hours. While the effect of Olea europea extract was the last impact"on the insect, where the rate of mortality 86.5% in the same concentration also and within ( 72 hours ) of treatment.
The results showed that the effect of laser radiation on the life of the insect, where it gave the  highest mortality rate 73.6%  when  irradiation at  the highest power of 420mj and exposure time 20Sec. the results were obtained after observation of the effect of plant extracts and Nd : YAG at different time intervals 24, 48 hours and 72 hours after the treatment of the Tribolium castaneum .
Epidemiological and Biochemical changes of patients infected with Blastocystis hominis and Irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Jaber Aowda Kadhim  , Hind Salman Jasim
Published: April 2023

This study was design to examined fecal samples of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to detect a relationship between Blastocystis hominis infection and IBS. This study was began at January till December 2015 in Kindi teaching hospital / Baghdad .380 patients with IBS and 55 apparently healthy people as control group after making sure of their medical history, clinical and laboratory examinations were done of all subjects which included direct smears examination of stool and culturing of parasite .
Infection of B. hominis occurred  in males at high rate  at October (5.8%) and lowest rate during January (3.7%). Where as in females high rate infection was at August (5.8%) and  lowest rate during January (2.1%) Blastocystis hominis infection rate in males represent nearly equal in villages and cities (31%,32% respectively) while in females the infection was higher in villages(21%) than in cities (16%).
Incidence of  Blastocystis hominis infection was the  highest ( 11.0%) at age group 10-15 year. This study also detect that 65.3% of infections were diagnosed by direct smear preparation and 34.7% were diagnosed by culturing.
There was a significant differences of total bilirubin levels in the IBS patient group compared to control group (p<0.001).This study represented no significant differences of urea and creatinine levels among patients when compared to control group (p ˂ 0.05).
Evaluation of the impact of the level of (Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin) on some semen parameters in infertile males
Authors: Mohammed Asaad Mahdi  , Dahham L. Shwish  , Nourelddin Abdulrida Almhmdi
Published: April 2023

Infertility is considered a medical condition in which the population suffers. It has several causes, including hormonal disturbance and its effect on altering sperm parameters. This study was designed to estimate the level of hormones (Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Prolactin) for infertility group, and the potential effect of these hormonal variables on semen parameters. The study included 50 men who were selected as an infertile group unable to conceive. In contrast, 20 healthy men were selected and able to fertilize and be considered as an control group. The level of serum Testosterone, FSH, LH and Prolactin was measured by Mini VIDAS of using ELFA method. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO recommendations. The results showed a significant decrease in the average level of Testosterone in the infertile group (1.89±0.67ng/ml) compared with control group(4.95±1.22 ng/ml), (p<0.01). The average FSH and Prolactin level were significantly higher in the infertile group (7.15 ± 7.5 m IU/ ml , 25.56 ± 18.56 ng/ml) respectively compared with control group (2.8 ± 0.84 m IU/ml , 12.8 ± 2.51 ng/ml ) ; (P <0.05 , P < 0.01) respectively. As for the level of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), there were no statistically significant differences between infertility group and control group. The sperm count, Active motile, Sluggish motile and Normal sperm in the infertile group was less than the control group with a significant difference (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: It is been concluded that the disturbance in semen parameters of men infertility is due to the disturbance in the level of reproductive hormones, and that any modification in the level of hormones may contribute to improve sperm parameters.
Effect of olive oil and sesame oil on some biochemical parameters in local male rabbits induced with diabetes
Authors: Shahad N. Al_azawi  , Zaid M. Mubark Al_mahdawi
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to investigate the effects and protective role of olive and sesame oil in the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, urea and glutathione in the blood of males rabbits which induced with diabetes by of Aloxan . The study was achieved in the Animal House of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine\ University of Tikrit. The experiment included 20 local rabbits divided randomly into four groups: the first control group was treated with a 0.9% physiologic solution. The second group was treated with Aloxan at a concentration of 150 mg / kg. The third group was treated with Aloxan and olive oil at a concentration of 1.25 ml / kg. The fourth group was treated with Aloxan and sesame oil at a concentration of 0.5 ml / kg. The experiment lasted for 30 days then the animals were sacrifice and the serum kept for biochemical tests. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol and a significant decrease in concentration of triglycerides, albumin, urea and glutathione
Performance Evaluation of Al-Khadraa' Wastewater Treatment Plant, Mosul-Iraq
Authors: Ayad Fadeel Qasim  , Omer Moayad Khalil Al-Obady
Published: April 2023

The study aims to evaluate the operational efficiency of Al-Khadraa' wastewater treatment plant and the compatibility of the quality of treated water with the Iraqi standards for disposal into rivers and valleys. The study showed that there are large variations in the quantities and quality of the influent to the plant which sometimes lead to stop operational units of the plant and this has an adverse effect upon the plant function. The results showed that the strength of the influent is classified as weak to medium. The average BOD5/COD ratio is equals to 0.6. Also it seemed that the efficiency of the treatment was weak and the quality of the effluent is out of the Iraqi standards for disposal into rivers and valleys. The percentage removal of BOD, COD, TSS, PO4, NH3 were 83.15%, 79%, 69.7%,56.15%,41.88% respectively. The sequence of removal efficiency was in the order of: NH3<PO4< TSS< COD< BOD.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND ADIPOSITY IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Fatimah Haitham Fathi
Published: April 2023

C- reactive protein (CRP) is one of the biomarkers that elevated in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting 5-10% of women at reproductive age. It is also called hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA) due to a hormones imbalance in women. Risk factors that predisposing to PCOS including; obesity, decreased physical exercise and family history with PCOS. This syndrome is characterized by overproduction of androgen and ovulatory dysfunction which are accompanied by many clinical and biochemical features including hirsutism, acne, ovary cysts, menstrual irregularities, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. This study was aimed to: 1. measure serum levels of CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VHDL, in addition to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), in women with PCOS and to compare the results with that of healthy women (Controls). 2. Compare serum CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VHDL in normal weight women patients with BMI matched controls. 3. Compare serum CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VHDL in obese women patients with BMI matched controls. The present study includes thirty (30) women with PCOS and thirty (30) healthy women served as control. All subjects' age range was between 15 to 40 years, then each group classified into two subgroups depending on BMI. Blood samples were collected and serum was obtained to measure CRP and lipid profile. Polycystic ovarian women group exhibited significantly increased serum levels of CRP (p= 0.001), cholesterol (p= 0.009), triglyceride (p=0.0001) and LDL (p= 0.0001) when compared to healthy control group. BMI also increased in polycystic ovarian women group although it is statistically not significant when compared to controls. Moreover, the serum levels of LDL and HDL in polycystic ovarian women showed non statistical differences when compared to the controls. Our results indicated that CRP is one of biomarkers in obese women with PCOS. Its high level associated with adiposity rather than PCOS itself. PCOS has negative impact on lipid metabolism in normal body weight women and adiposity is played important role in pathogenesis of lipid abnormality in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. We concluded from this study that obese women with PCOS having high CRP therefore are more prone to dyslipidemia (atherogenic) and they should routinely screen to prevent further metabolic and cardiac diseases.
Effect of Some Synthesized Pyrrolidines in Growth of L. infantum Promastigotes
Authors: Haitham L. Al-Hayali  , Abdulwahhab J. Al-Hamadany  , Muntaha M. Al-Kattan
Published: April 2023

In this research, three pyrrolidine compounds (P1-P3) were synthesized and then tested for efficacy against L. infantum promastigotes in vitro.
The study included preparation of some chalcones and schiff bases then the condensation of both to get the pyrrolidines and studying the effect of pyrrolidine compounds in growth, generation number and time of parasites. They determined using concentrations between (5-30) μg/ml. The effect of the compounds was found to be important to the parasite growth as the more the concentration the less the growth, generation number and increased the generation time. At the logarithmic phase, the LD50 were (10), (20) and (30)μg/ml for (P1-P3) compounds, respectively.
Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of coated silver nanoparticles-nystatin and coated silver nanoparticles-clotrimazol
Authors: Anwar Adil Hameed  , Mustafa Abdulghafoor Alheety
Published: April 2023

Two silver nanoparticles containing compounds were prepared by simple chemical reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectrum (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM). These functionalized silver nanoparticles were used to study their biological activity against four types of fungi. These compounds proved to have high inhibition effect against all types of studied fungi. Due to the presence of silver nanoparticles which increases nystatin and clotrimazol interact with the fungi.
Effect of laser energy on grain size of cadmium oxide nanoparticles in ethanol by PLD method
Authors: Rasha H. Ahmed  , Abdul  Majeed E. Ibrahim  , Kadhim A. Aadem
Published: April 2023

The  Pulse laser deposition technique was used in the preparation of nanoparticle solutions (CdO) using Nd:YAG laser and five deposition energies (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 mJ) with fixed pulses (300 pulse and 6 Hz) was used .
 (CdO) nanoparticles were deposited on glass substrate at (300C°) to study structure properties and formed thin films of thickness (200 nm). The  grain size of cadmium oxide nanoparticles in ethanol have been found to be affected by the laser energy , The results of the AFM tests showed that the higher the deposition energies, the greater the higher the grain size.
Weakly Quasi 2-Absorbing submodule
Authors: Haibt K . Mohammadali  , Khalaf H Alhabeeb
Published: April 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with identity , and M is a unitary left R-module”, “A proper submodule E of an R-module M is called a weakly quasi-prime if whenever r, s ∈ R, m ∈ M, with 0 ≠ rsm ∈ E , implies that rm ∈ E or sm ∈ E”. “We introduce the concept of a weakly quasi 2-absorbing submodule as a generalization of weakly quasi-prime submodule”, where a proper submodule E of M is called a weakly quasi 2-absorbing submodule if whenever r,s,t ∈ R, m ∈M with  0≠ rstm ∈ E , implies that rsm ∈ E or rtm ∈ E or stm ∈ E. we study the basic properties of weakly quasi 2-absorbing. Furthermore, the relationships of weakly quasi 2-absorbing submodule with other classes of module are elistraited.
On Generalize Some Weak Forms of Supra Mappings in Intuitionistic Topological Spaces
Authors: Samer, R .Yaseen  , Hind, F. Abbas
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new classes of supra mapping called Intuitionistic
Generalized Pre supra mapping, Intuitionistic Generalized Semi supra mapping, Intuitionistic Generalized - supra mapping and Intuitionistic Generalized -supra mapping. At last we studied some of their properties and investigate relationships among this concepts
Maternal serum Alpha-fetoprotein Level at 12, 22 and 32weeks’ gestation in screening for pre-eclampsia
Authors: Arwa M. Ahmed  , Israa' H. Abid Al-Kareem
Published: April 2023

Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Alpha_fetoprotein is measured in pregnant women, as a screening test for  pre-eclampsia.This study aimed to examine  the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein at 12, 22 and 32 weeks ’gestation in singleton pregnancies and its performance as a screening test for Pre eclampsia. The study designed as prospective (Cohort) study, it was conducted in Obstetrics department in Salah AL Din Teaching Hospital, from the period of the 15th of December 2016 to the 1st of July 2017. Ninety six pregnant women at first trimester participated in the study, followed up prospectively sixty three  of them was attended a second  test in second trimester and seventy five of them was attended a third test in a third trimester. The mean age of the studied group was 27.1 ± 5.8 (range: 17-30) years .It had been observed that the mean level of  Alphafetoprotein was increased and the mean Multi of Median( MoM) was significantly reduced with advanced gestational age., there are highly significant differences at the different check-points in both mean and MoM, of the maternal alpha-fetoprotein. The mean alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in pre-eclampsia group compared to non-preeclampsia in all of the three testing points. The Comparison of mean alpha-fetoprotein levels of pre-eclampsia vs. non-preeclampsia women revealed that the mean, alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in pre-eclampsia group compared to non-preeclampsia in all of the three testing points, alpha-fetoprotein level at the second test was the better than the first and third  test.
Bacteriological and Physiological Study of bacterial infection of the blood stream
Authors: Muhsin H. Edham  , Nasreen K. Kamel
Published: April 2023

The study was included to collect one hundred blood samples of peoples suspected with Bacteremia at different ages and both sex Kirkuk General Hospital and Azadi Hospital. The results indurated to found positive bacterial growth at 16 blood samples, while 86 samples found negative bacterial growth. The 11 isolates was appear as gram positive bacteria, while Ten of them were as Staphylococcus species, one was Clostridium perfringens, and  Five isolates Gram negative bacteria, Burkloderia cepacia, Pseudomonas alcaligenese, Stenotrophonas maltiphilia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and  Escherichia – coli. all Staphylococcus  isolates were appear are sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, followed by the amoxicillin - clavulanic acid for 8 isolates and Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Amikacin were sensitive to 7 isolates while all Staphylococcus isolates were resistance to cefixime followed by azithromycin, erythromycin. The study showed  Stenotrophomonas mltophilia were the most resistant antimicrobial isolates used in the study. The results of the physiological tests showed that the PCV values ​​were lower in most blood samples of patients with bacteremia, whereas increased values ​​for Clotting time, WBC due to toxic effects of invasive bacteria.
Comparison of the effect of the alcoholic extract of leaves and fruits of hawthorn plant Crataegus azarolus with the drug simvastatin in its effect in reducing cardiovascular disease in male rabbits with experimental fat disorder
Authors: Muhanned H. Mukhlif Al-Obaidy  , Saleh M.Rahim Al-Obaidy
Published: April 2023

This study designed to investigate the role of both Ethanolic extracts of hawthorn leaves and fruits in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in male  with experimental lipid disorders. 50 male rabbits of New Zealand, 1250-1500g and 8-10 months old used in this study. Rabbits divided into 10 groups (each group 5 male rabbits). The (I) group as a control group, which given the free standard diet and water. The (II) group given high cholesterol (260 mg/Kg) of the weight as a standard diet, the (III) group, which given high cholesterol diet with extracts of C.azarolus (200 mg/kg) of body weight, the (IV) group  which given high cholesterol diet with hawthorn fruit extract (20 mg/kg) Of the body weight, the the (V) group, which was given high cholesterol diet of  body weight, the (VI) group, which given high cholesterol diet with vitamin C (100 mg / kg) of body weight, group (VII), which is the drug of simvastatin, group (VIII), which given vitamin C, the(IX) group given  Hawthorn leaf extract, the (X) group, which given extracts fruit of hawthorn plant. The experiment conducted for six weeks. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the lipid profile variables (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and HDL) in the serum and liver extract in the high cholesterol group compared with the control group. Fruits play a more effective role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia compared with vitamin C and the drug of simvastatin and leaf extract. The study also showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) in the group treated with the drug Simvastatin compared with the control group, while there were no significant differences in the group which given high cholesterol , vitamin C group , extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant group. The conclusion, have found that ethanolic extracts of C. azarolus Low levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the serum of animals experiment with the use of the drug Simvastatin and the fruits of hawthorn plant the largest role compared with vitamin C and extract leaf hawthorn. On the other hand, the non-change in the concentration of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the serum and liver extract indicates that the role of the extract in the normalization of lipid variables is centered on other mechanisms related to the digestive system, such as absorption
Determination of pKa values for new Schiff bases derived from benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde with glycine and ß- alanine
Authors: A.S.P. Azzouz  , R.T. Ali
Published: April 2023

Two new Schiff base acids, namely benzylidene glycine(I) and salicylidene ß- alanine(II)  were  prepared  by  new  procedure  using  sodium  hydroxide  as catalyst.
The main aim of the project was the determination of pKa values for these acidic imines using conductivity method, the method as found simple, precise and accurate for determination of pKa of compounds, All conductivities parameters of benzylidene glycine and salicylidene ß-alanine and their sodium salts in deionized water were mentioned . The variation of acidities of acids(I) and(II) were also included. The thermodynamic  reactions parameters namely ∆G°, ∆H and ∆S° for these ionization reactions of acids were discussed and interpreted .
Synthesis and Characterization of some 2,3-dihydroquinozoline and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors: Adil Hussein Dalaf  , Fawzi Hameed Jumaa  , Salwa Abdul-Satar Jabbar
Published: April 2023

This work included the synthesis of azo dye (A1) by the reaction of diazonium salt to benzidine with salicyldehyde at (0-5) oC  and synthesis of schiff base (A2-A6) through reaction substituted aromatic amine with aldehyde group in azo compound (A1) in ethanol compounds (A2-A6) and 2,3-dihydroquinozoline derivatives prepared by reaction schiff base with anthranilic acid in ethanol compounds (A7-A11), and characterization by using spectroscopic techniques Uv/Vis, FT-IR, C.H.N. and H1-NMR of some the prepared compounds using DMSO-d6 as a solvent, in addition to melting point and determination a purity of TLC, This work consisted a study of biological activity for some prepared compounds against four types of pathogenic bacteria to detect their resistance to anti biotic, drugs.
APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR BURGER'S-FISHER EQUATION BY VARIATIONAL ITERATION TRANSFORM METHOD
Authors: Ali Al-FAYADH
Published: April 2023

Nonlinear partial differential equations represent the most important phenomena occurring in the world and are encountered in various fields of science. Generalized Burger’s-Fisher equation is very important for describing different mechanisms. Burger’s-Fisher equation arises in the field of applied mathematics and physics applications. This equation shows a prototypical model for describing the interaction between the reaction mechanisms, convection effect, and diffusion transport. In this paper, variational iteration transform method that combines Laplace transform and the variational iteration method, which  used to obtain approximate analytical solutions of Burger’s - Fisher equation. Comparison of the results obtained by the present method with the exact solution and other existing methods reveals the accuracy and fast convergence of the proposed method.
ON THE INVERSE OF PATTERN MATRICES WITH APPLICATION TO STATISICAL MODELS
Authors: Hiba Hani Abdullah
Published: April 2023

In this study the inverse of two patterned matrices has been investigated. First, for a Toeplitz-type matrix, it is proved that the exact number of independent cofactors is (n +2)/4 when n is even number and  when n is an odd. Second, when the matrix is reduced to a Jacobi-type matrix Bn , two equivalent formulae for its determinant are obtained, one of which in terms of the eigen values. Moreover, it is proved that the independent cofactors  of  are explicitly expressed as a product of the determinants of  and . So, the problem of finding the exact inverse of  is reduced to that one of finding the determinants of , i = 1, 2, …, n.