bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does It pay for a Woman to Work Outside Her Home?
Authors: Markus Elliot J.
Published: April 2019

The number of working mothers has increased dramatically since 1970 raising, once again, many questions about the costs and benefits of mothers working outside their homes- -to themselves, their husbands and their children. Two thousand young two-parent families, interviewed in Israel in 1982,and then again in 1984, were surveyed with respect to economic and psychological aspects of family wellbeing. Analyses of variance, with covariates, yield findings that support the conclusion that mother’s employment outside the home is associated with increases in family income and ownership of consumer durables, enhanced self-image for the working mother and for her spouse, and a richer social life. The evidence on the association between mother’s employment and family relationships is mixed and does not support hypothesized positive correlations.
Introduction
Authors: Keller Suzanne
Published: April 2019

This paper reviews the.major contributions of feminist theory in rethinking the family, discusses ways in which the introduction of gender as structural category of social relations has transformed sociological understanding of family life, and suggests how transformations in gender are transforming family life. A central question asked is whether the development of feminism has altered the traditional family ideal. While there is no single feminist ideal for the family, the feminist movement in the US has encouraged and reflected major structural transformations that have altered family life across racial and class groups. Yet, ideologies about the family persist. This paper also examines how the persistence of family ideology in the culture blocks the development of effective social policies to solve family problems.
Feminism and the American Family Ideal
Authors: Andersen Margaret L.
Published: April 2019

Two important dimensions of the American dream for contemporary dualcareer couples are achievement and selfsufficiency. In-depth interviews with twentyone corporate dual-career couples reveal that this version of the American dream contains several distinctive features: negotiating two careers in one family; deciding to have children within the confines of traditional male career models; balancing parenting between spouses; and finding solutions to childcare problems. The interviews reveal that family adjustment and self-sufficiency are core values but ones which are contingent upon the hired services of working class women. Thus, while an "individualized" American dream may be the visible outcome of achievement for these dual-career couples, self-sufficiency proves to be more apparent than real.
The Impact of Divorce on Men and Women in India and The United States
Authors: Amato Paul R.
Published: April 2019

Divorced individuals in India and the United States experience similar problems with economic adequacy, social support, and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the predictors of divorce adjustment are similar in both societies. However, Indian women experience more problems than Indian men; they also appear to suffer more hardship than American women. Three factors are responsible for this pattern: Indian women’s economic dependence on men, Indian cultural beliefs about women and marriage, and the patriarchal organization of the Indian joint family.
Divorce in West Java
Authors: Jones Gavin W. , Asari Yahya , Djuartika Tuti
Published: April 2019

This paper traces trends in divorce rates in West Java over the past 40 years. West Java’s divorce rate was among the highest in the world in the 1950s and 1960s; by the mid-1980s, it was about one fifth as high as that in the United States. Regional differentials were, and still are, quite pronounced. The differentials appear to be related more to cultural than to socio-economic differences. The sharp declines have been related to social and economic changes, prominent among which were rising levels of income, expanded education and work opportunities for girls, and a breaking down of traditional attitudes through improved transport and communications. Concurrent with, and largely consequent on these changes has been a rising age at marriage of females and decline in arranged marriage, thus reducing the prevalence of those marriages traditionally most prone to divorce. Ideology and legal changes also played a part in the decline in divorce though the legal changes followed, rather than led, changed community attitudes.
Matrimonial Behaviour in Canada and Ukraine: The Enduring Hold of Culture
Authors: Romaniuc Anatole , Chuiko Liubov
Published: April 2019

The study compares a century-long matrimonial experience in Canada and Ukraine in terms of such criteria as intensity (universality), timing (age), stability and integrity of marriage. The study reveals a culture of early and universal marriage in Ukraine and that of marriage at more mature ages and one that is not nearly as universal in Canada, thus confirming the existence of Hajnal’s Western and Eastern marriage pattern divide. Perhaps the most striking feature which appears from this comparative study is the tenacity of matrimonial culture in the face of the many unsettling events the two countries have experienced over the century.

How is it that an early and universal marriage custom took such a strong hold in Ukraine, a country that suffered from the overpopulation and acute fragmentation of family holdings, whereas in Canada, a country of immigration and abundance of land, late and less-than-universal marriage prevailed? And why do the traditional marriage patterns continue more or less in our day? To solve this conundrum, the study examines the prevailing inheritance customs, types of households, parental responsibility, kinship solidarity, aversion toward illegitimacy. The importance of institutional support for matrimonial culture is illustrated by the example of Canadian Ukrainians.

Theoretical questions are raised as to the demographic and matrimonial responses to the modernity exigencies, and as to the role of nonnative and rational imperatives in shaping the individual conduct in the matters of matrimony.
A Reformulation of the Polygyny-Fertility Hypothesis
Authors: Effah Kofi B.
Published: April 2019

Over the last few years the effect of polygyny on fertility has drawn an extensive amount of research. However, much of the literature that addresses the polygyny-fertility hypothesis has methodological and conceptual problems. The original polygyny-fertility hypothesis overestimates the effect of polygyny on fertility because of the assumption that current marital status accounts for the fertility of women. This paper reformulates the polygyny-fertility hypothesis by arguing that polygyny is likely to depress fertility if polygynous women have been previously married. Using the 1993 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data, we find that polygyny reduces fertility for only women who have been previously married. Thus, in the absence of previous marriage, the fertility of monogamous and polygynous women is similar. The results further indicate that urban residency, education and age at first marriage reduce fertility, while current age and ever use of contraception increase fertility.
Men’s Orientation Toward Marriage and Family Roles
Authors: Smith Peter J. , Beaujot Roderic
Published: April 2019

Starting with the theoretical notion that gender can be seen as a schema that imposes structure and meaning, this paper explores the diversity in men’s orientations regarding marriage and family roles. The responses from a qualitative survey in Southwestern Ontario shows variation between traditional and liberal orientations in terms of men’s views on the extent to which women prefer childcare over work. However, men from various orientations largely consider it appropriate to make distinctions between the family roles of men and women. Most respondents are in some kind of intermediate category between traditional and modern orientations, where the contradictions, which affect women more than men, are unevenly recognized.
The Advantages of having many Children for Women in Formal and Informal Unions in Cameroon
Authors: Calyes Anne-Emmanuele , Meekers Dominique
Published: April 2019

In Cameroon, as in many countries in subSaharan Africa, many couples like to have a large family. Previous studies have attributed this desire to have many children to the importance of children for expanding the lineage and continuing the family name, and to the children’s contribution to the household economy and support in old age. This study expands on this research by recognizing that women in formal and informal unions are likely to have different reasons for wanting or not wanting to have many children.

The analysis of data from the 1991 Cameroon Demographic Health Survey (CDHS) demonstrates that married women, women in coresidential informal unions, and women in non-co-residential informal unions have different perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of having many children. These findings are important for improving the efficiency of future population policies designed to reduee levels of fertility. The results also show that non-coresidential and co-residential informal unions are conceptually different from marriage, which strongly suggests that the reported increases in the prevalence of informal unions in many African societies indicate an important change in the African family, the implications of which are still poorly understood.
“Take This Child”: Why Women Abandon Their Infants in Bangladesh
Authors: Wilson Margot
Published: April 2019

This study provides an in depth analysis of the decision-making processes of abandoning mothers and families. The data were collected from a shelter for abandoned women and children located in Dhaka, Bangladesh and reflect the experiences of extremely poor women and children. The abandonment of children is by no means a recent development. The experiences of these women and children demonstrate how individuals become detached from their families and their communities. They reveal the marginal nature of women’s lives, the ways in which mother-child relations are culturally constructed, and the coping strategies adopted by families living in the harsh economic realities of Bangladesh. Out of wedlock pregnancy and the abandonment of women and children are issues deeply embedded in the social fabric of Bangladesh. The potential for change lies in broader social reforms, primarily the elimination of deep-rooted prejudices against women in general and the development of social support systems for abandoned pregnant women in particular
Comparisons of parenting attitudes among five ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Jambunathan Saigeetha , Burts Diane C. , Pierce Sarah
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the present study was to compare the parenting attitudes of AfricanAmerican, European American (native to the United States), Asian American, Asian-Indian, and Hispanic mothers (immigrant population who were not natives of the United States). Research has indicated that parents develop their parenting styles based on their cultural socialization, family background, personality style, and personality of their children (Belsky, 1984). One hundred and eighty two mothers participated in the study. The parenting attitudes of the mothers were measured using the Adolescent-Adult Parenting Inventory (AAPI, Bavolek, 1984), a 32 item assessment. I way ANOVA performed on each of the 4 subscale scores of the parenting attitudes indicated that the five cultural groups differed in their parental attitudes. Post-hoc Tukey tests for ethnic group differences in the parental attitude subscale scores yielded significant results for 16 of the 40 pairwise comparisons. These results suggest that some groups of ethnic mothers place stricter expectations, demands and control on their children.
East-Indian college student’s perceptions of family strengths
Authors: Medora Nllufer P. , Larson Jeffry H. , B.Dave Parul
Published: April 2019

The Family Strengths Inventory (FS I), and a demographic questionnaire were distributed to 218 college students (120 women and 98 men), enrolled at a large university in Western India to determine their attitudes toward family strengths. A second objective was to determine whether ten demographic variables : age, gender, type of parental marriage, family type, parental socioeconomic status, religiosity, maternal employment, number of siblings, familial decision-making patterns, and parental marital satisfaction were related to perceived family strengths. A third objective was to determine if the six factors identified as strengths in an American sample when using the Family Strengths Inventory were the same in the Indian sample. Results indicated that three demographic variables were significantly related to family strengths: gender, type of parental marriage, and familial decision-making patterns. Factor analyses showed that five factors explained 40% of the variance in FSI scores for the Indian sample. Implications for studying Indian family strengths using the Family Strengths Inventory are discussed.
Intermarriages between Germans and Foreigners in Germany
Authors: Klein Thomas
Published: April 2019

Marriage between immigrants and natives can be regarded as a measurement of assimilation and integration. The present analysis of inter-marriage in Germany refers to the choice of partner. In contrast to other studies which are based on current occurence of binational partnerships, the effects of selection which stem from the different length of duration of partnerships in dependence of the choice of partner can be avoided. Furthermore, the present analysis considers not only marital relationships but also the non-marital choice of partner. The analysis relies on official data as well as on survey data. Summarizing the major results, German/foreign choice of partner can according to the respective nationalities be subdivided into three types: (1) the neighbouring nationalities, (2) the large national groups in Germany (especially the nations of guest workers) and (3) the nationalities in respect to which binational choice of partner cannot be explained by physical closeness. Inter-marriage according to type I and 2 are characterized by parameters of social structure such as sex ration and the size of the foreign population, whereas in the latter case individual aspects are the decisive factors.
New Immigrants’ Perceptions of Family Life in Origin and Host Cultures: In-group and Out-group Favoritism Effect
Authors: Sharlin Shlomo A. , Moin Victor
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the degree of congruency of new immigrants’ opinions regarding family life among, the in-group (the Soviet Jewish family) and the out-group (the veteran Israeli family). Contradictory tendencies are described: the one attributes positive characteristics to the in-group, and the other tends to view the out-group more favorably. The present study examines the impact of different factors (sense of well-being and satisfaction with family life before and after immigration; adjustment to the new environment; ethnic self-identification; and level of stress) on perceptions of host family life and their role in redicting tendencies towards in-group and outgroup favoritism. The paper is based on data collected from 2 IO ex-Soviet couples who immigrated to Israel between 1990 and 1993. The results indicate that: ( I) the general tendency of new immigrants to attribute more positive characteristics to the in-group is due to a combination of contradictory tendencies on the individual level; (2) the higher the level of adjustment, the more positive characteristics are attributed to the out-group than to the in-group; (3) the more dissatisfaction with one’s family life and the worse a person’s psychological status, the stronger the tendency towards in-group favoritism effect.
Immigrant Women Challenge the Role of Men: How the Changing Power Relationship within Iranian Families in Sweden Intensifies Family Conflicts after Immigration
Authors: Darvishpour Mehrdad
Published: April 2019

Research into the distribution of power in the family and its consequences for family conflicts among immigrants in Sweden is limited and problematic. The situation varies greatly between immigrants from different countries and cultures and of different social backgrounds.

We know that, generally, family conflicts and separation among Iranians and other immigrant groups are more common than among Swedes. Why is this? ls it the poor socioeconomic situation of immigrants the main cause of the high frequency of separation? Or is it the cultural differences between the immigrants’ land of origin and Sweden?

The question might also be connected to gender relations in immigrant families. Is there, for instance, any difference between men’s and women’s experiences of immigration which affects their power resources and thereby their family relations? How can we explain that it is often the women who take the initiative for the divorce? Is immigration only a problem or can it also be an opportunity?

This article describe and analyze how immigration has influenced the distribution of power within Iranian families in Sweden, and the significance of these changes for the origin of family conflicts and conflicts of interest, which in many cases lead to separation. The inquiry concentrates on the Iranian immigrant group, which is the largest group of immigrants which comes from an Asian and Islamic country and of which the majority are refugees. These factors make it possible to get a clearer picture of the effects of immigration on the situation of women among those who came to Sweden with other values and experiences than those of Swedes.
Making the Move: Cultural and Parental Influences on Canadian Young Adults’ Homeleaving Decisions
Authors: Mitchell Barbara A.
Published: April 2019

This study focuses on the role that parents and ethnic culture play in young adults’ homeleaving decisions among four ethnocultural groups in Canada - British, Chinese, Indian, and South European. Data were collected in a 1999-2000 survey of 1,907 young people (aged 19-35) residing in the Vancouver, British Columbia area. Several types of statistical analyses are conduced, including descriptive, cross-tabular and logistic regression, in addition to examination of verbatim data. Findings reveal considerable diversity in level of perceived parental input and this heterogeneity is related to a number of factors. These include family characteristics (i.e., family structure, relationship quality), ethnocultural environment (i.e., foreign-bom status of young adult, nonEnglish language use with peers) and sociodemographic factors (i.e., gender and age). Moreover, young adults typically perceive level of parental influence in relation to the pathway chosen out of the parental home. In particular, Indo young adults report the highest levels of parental support, and they commonly report that they leave home for some kind of arranged marriage. British and Chinese young adults, however, typically report lower levels of parental influence and they are more likely to leave for independence and schooling, respectively. Southern-European young adults also report relatively low levels of parental input, yet this group leaves home for a wide variety of reasons. Implications for a cross-cultural perspective on homeleaving in contemporary Canadian society, as well as for future research are also discussed.
Marriage Form and Duration of Postmarital Co-Residence With Parents in Rural China: Evidence from Songzi
Authors: Li Shuzhuo , Feldman Marcus W. , Jin Xiaoyi
Published: April 2019

This paper uses data from a survey in Songzi county of Hubei province to analyze the relationship between a couple’s marriage form and their duration of postmarital co-residence with their parents. The results show that, after controlling for important factors, a couple’s marriage form has a significant influence on the duration of their postmarital co-residence with their parents. Among couples, the duration of co-residence increases in the order: virilocal marriage, institutional type and contingent type uxorilocal marriages. Moreover, for all couples, the first five years after marriage is the period with the highest hazard of ending this postmarital co-residence status with their parents. Causes and social implications of this phenomenon are also discussed.
Changing Courses: The Pendulum of Family Transitions in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Mitchell Barbara A.
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on changing and emergent patterns of family-related transitions to adulthood over the past century. Particular attention will be paid to contextualizing contemporary transitions to adulthood (i.e., leaving and returning to parental homes as “boomerang kids” and the timing of marriage and parenthood) using historical data, particularly from the 1950s until the tum of the 21st century. Although emphasis is on Canadian patterns, international comparisons are made with the U.S., Britain, Italy and Sweden. Data are presented from a variety of primary and secondary sources, including Statistics Canada, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Key findings question the commonly-held assertion that contemporary transitions are fraught with chaos and uncertainty. Instead, the family life course can be conceptualized as elastic and flexible in response to unique and changing ecological environments. In light of the significant socio-demographic, economic and political transformations facing families, implications relevant to the fluctuating life course patterns of young men, young women, and their midlife, parents will be highlighted.
The Ways of Adaptation and Allocation Work Time from Russian Households in the Period of Crisis
Authors: Gvozdeva Galina , Gvozdeva Elena
Published: April 2019

This paper considers gender analysis of time allocation for paid and unpaid work in five different types of Russian households, as well as the ways of adaptation in household features since 1991 (when the Soviet Union was disorganized). Emphasis was given on analysing consequences of the financial crisis in 1998, when many people lost their jobs and most Russian families lost their life savings. The ways of adaptation varied depending on the types of families. Families with low income and with children perform more unpaid work. and this work. mostly performed by the females, widens the opportunities of sustaining normal life for those who suffer hardships due to economic transformations in the country. The study was based on a Russian State Statistical Bureau (Goskomstat) data. The data if paid and unpaid work duration was obtained from the Monitoring of Economic Conditions in the Russian Federation: Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1996, 1998, 2003).$$Gender analysis, time allocation, paid and unpaid work, Russian family.
Changing Transition to Adulthood in Urban Burkina Faso
Authors: Calvès Anne-Emmanuèle , Kobiané Jean-François , Martel Edith
Published: April 2019

Based on a unique retrospective survey conducted in 2000 with several cohorts of men and women in Burkina Faso, the study analyzes how the transition to adulthood in the two largest urban centers of the country has evolved over the past twenty years. Results show that both the timing and the nature of important social steps in the lives of male and female youth, such as end of schooling, first paid employment, residential independence, first union and first birth, have undergone considerable changes since 1980. The period during which youth remain economically dependent on their elders seems clearly to be lengthening in Burkinabe cities. With a longer and more complex transition phase between childhood and adulthood, young people's life trajectories are also more diverse and new social categories of urban youth are emerging.
Between Harmony and Conflicting Interests: Gendered Marital Negotiations in Hungarian Post-socialist Farm Family Enterprises
Authors: Morell Ildikó Asztalos
Published: April 2019

This paper explores decision making processes in farm families with off farm working wives in post socialist Hungary based on an interview material with ten farm families. Decision making concerning issues of consumption and production is seen as a key arena for the articulation of gender relations within the farm family. Farm families with the husband being the head of the enterprise and the wife having an off farm wage labour constitute a specific case. Off farm incomes, in Hungary, played a crucial role in the capital accumulation phase of the farms. As previous research indicated, off farm incomes often constitute an integral part of the overall farm strategy. Off farm working wives contribute to the reproduction of the farm enterprise in diverse ways, such as through direct participation in the farm labour, through their reproductive labour and by releasing the farm from supplying consumption expenses by bringing in additional assets. Meanwhile, the economic boundaries (i.e. ownership of assets and economic liability) of the family farm are intimately interwoven with the family as a reproductive, kinship and consumption unit. This paper explores family relations as formed along dynamics of power (i.e. of equality vs inequality) and dynamics of solidarity (focus on individual autonomy vs processes strengthening couple relations). With roots in the capability approach participation in decision making is seen as an expression of the ability to voice, negotiate and or enforce initiatives grounded in individual interests.
Grandchildhood: Adult Grandchildren’s Perception of Their Role towards Their Grandparents from an Intergenerational Perspective
Authors: Even-Zohar Ahuva , Sharlin Shlomo
Published: April 2019

The study focuses on adult grandchildren’s perception of their role towards their grandparents according to the perspectives of both generations: the grandchildren and the grandparents. This study proposes a definition of the role of the adult grandchild, including the expectations and obligations deriving from the role. The main theories that provide the conceptual framework for this study are Symbolic Interaction Theory, Exchange Theory and the Intergenerational Solidarity Model.

The sample included 216 pairs of adult grandchildren (average age: 24.9) and their grandparents (average age: 78.3), Jewish residents in Israel, who responded to closed questionnaires. The main findings of the research demonstrate that role perception of the adult grandchild is shaped by means of intergenerational transfer and by internalizing norms and behavior patterns of parents. As expected, it was found that perception of the grandchild’s role is more positive among grandchildren who experienced their grandparents as caregivers in their childhood than among grandchildren that did not have the experience of being cared for by grandparents. Grandchildren definitely possess a perception of filial obligation and responsibility toward grandparents and in fact they express more positive opinions than the grandparent regarding this responsibility. Regarding the practical implications of these results for the clinical field of therapy with aging family, the conclusion that adult grandchildren are an integral part of the grandparents’ total support network can contribute to the development of comprehensive psycho-social evaluations, as well as to the development of family treatment programs that involve the third generation.
Do Religious Children Care More and Provide More Care for Older Parents? A Study of Filial Norms and Behaviors across Five Nations
Authors: Gans Daphne , Silverstein Merril , Lowenstein Ariela
Published: April 2019

Religiosity has been largely overlooked by many studies on intergenerational support despite growing evidence to its significant role in shaping parent-child relationship. This study aims (1) to examine the congruence between commitment to eldercare and actual parental care in five countries; and (2) to investigate the role of religiosity in predicting the development of filial norms and the enactment of such norms to actual supportive behavior toward parents. Latent class analyses (LCA) and logistic regression analyses were performed using a sub-sample from the Role of Old Age Service Systems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity (OASIS) study, a nationally representative sample of four European countries (Norway, England, Spain, and Germany) and Israel (N=2,327). LCA demonstrated that the most frequent class across all countries (46%) was the committed-supporters, reporting high filial norms and a high probability of exhibiting filial behavior. The next most frequent class (31%) consisted of independent children, those weakly endorsing filial norms and unlikely to engage in supportive filial behavior. The final class (23%) consists of long-distance supporters—endorsing strong commitment for exchange of support and a strong likelihood of providing instrumental support without commitment to geographic proximity and without living close to parents. Logistic regression analyses show that non-religious adult children are more likely to be non-committed to and uninvolved in parental care; Very religious individuals were half as likely to belong to this independent group. Our results indicate that religiosity plays a significant role in shaping eldercare norms and behavior across countries.
Determinants of Consensual Divorce in Korea: Gender, Socio-economic Status, and Life Course
Authors: Chun Young-Ju , Sohn Tae-Hong
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this article is to examine the general status of divorce determinants in Korea and to explore their relationship with social demographic factors such as gender, SES, and life course. A total of 2,231 participants, who visited Family Court to file consensual divorce in Korea, completed a self-administrated questionnaire which consisted of 26 questions of divorce determinants. Using the SPSS Win program, the data was analyzed and the following results were found. First, the most common determinants of divorce were incompatible personality, different ways of thinking, and economic bankruptcy. Second, most of the divorce determinants were inter-correlated to one another in specific patterns. Incompatible personality was associated with different ways of thinking, constraining one’s life, and eccentric personality. These four factors related to personality problems were also positively associated with physical and mental abuse. Economic bankruptcy had significant correlations with frequent lies, incompetence in supporting the family, and wasteful habits and debts. Third, the relationships between social demographic factors and divorce determinants were found to be that women tended to report more complex divorce determinants than men, people of lower class were more likely to report instrumental factors as their divorce determinant, the length of marriage was negatively related to interference from the in-law family, and the number of children was positively related to the inconsistencies in parenting. Overall findings indicate that the decision to divorce resulted from multiple determinants and implied that couples in Korea put more emphasis on consonance in a marital relationship than on cultural forces such as in-law family conflict or problems in marriage essentials.
Marriage Timing and Educational Assortative Mating
Authors: Shaferl Kevin , Qian Zhenchao
Published: April 2019

Educational homogamy is common, but the association between marriage timing and educational assortative mating is not well understood. Following never-married men and women over time with NLSY79 panel data, we explore the relationship between marriage timing and educational assortative mating by educational attainment and gender. Our results show that educational homogamy occurs at younger ages for the less-educated and at later ages for the highly-educated. Thus, marriage market entry or age at school completion affects marriage timing. More years out of school, however, effects educational assortative mating-less-educated men and women become less likely to marry; highly-educated men are more likely to marry heterogamously; and highly-educated women are increasingly likely to remain unmarried.
Gender Differences in Language Acculturation Predict Marital Satisfaction: A Dyadic Analysis of Russian-Speaking Immigrant Couples in the United States
Authors: Kisselev Paulina , Brown Margaret A. , Brown Jonathon D.
Published: April 2019

Immigration is a major life event that can create marital distress in couples who migrate together (Min, 2001 ). One instigator of this distress is differences in the rates of acculturation between husbands and wives (Chun and Akutsu, 2003 ; Darvishpour, 2002). Previous qualitative research (Ben-David and Lavee 1994) found that amongst Russian immigrant couples in Israel, marital discord resulted when wives acculturated faster to the host culture than their husbands. Building on this with a quantitative approach, we assessed a sample of Russian-speaking immigrants in the United States of America to examine whether gender differences in acculturation patterns predicted marital satisfaction. Fifty immigrant couples completed the Language, Identity and Behavior Acculturation Scale (Birman and Trickett, 2001) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Busby, Christensen, Crane, and Larson , 1995) as an indicator of marital satisfaction. Multilevel modeling revealed that husbands and wives were less satisfied in their marriages when husbands scored low on American language acculturation and wives scored higher. Differences in the other dimensions of acculturation (American and Russian identity and behavior) did not significantly predict marital satisfaction. To interpret these findings, we suggest that language acculturation is a pathway to economic success, and when women acculturate faster it violates traditional economic gender roles. Implications for therapists and community agencies who support immigrant families during this difficult transition are discussed.
Hiding the Elephant: Child Care Coverage in Four Daily Newspapers
Authors: Albanese Patrizia , Rauhala Ann , Fems Carolyn , Johnstone Jackie , Lam Jessica , Atack Erin
Published: April 2019

As more adult women with young children have entered the paid labour force in the last decade, more Canadian families are seeking access to affordable child care. One might expect to observe a measurable and decided increase in coverage of child care in major media in that time. Yet, in terms of articles recorded and analyzed in four major Canadian dailies, child care has remained marginal, moving in and out of the spotlight and often all but disappearing. Even the Toronto Star, which covered the issue the most frequently of the dailies examined, had coverage that varied markedly between 2000 and 2007. By counting articles about child care, we found that the greatest jumps in coverage in all four dailies were spikes in 2000 and 2005-2006-coinciding with federal election campaigns. A closer look at the 2005- 2006 period revealed that the National Post had the least extensive coverage. Nonetheless, it too had higher than its normal coverage during the campaign. At that time the newspapers’ coverage nearly doubled, in all but one paper, before falling to their average (low) yearly coverage, in 2007- again, despite a continuing unmet demand for affordable child care among Canadian families.
Early Adolescents and Divorce in South Korea: Risk, Resilience and Pain
Authors: Chung Yeonok , Emery Robert
Published: April 2019

Divorce rates increased dramatically in South Korea in recent years, raising important questions about possible effects on children. In this study, we compared South Korean early adolescents from divorced and non-divorced families on measures of psychological problems, emotional pain, and parent-child relationships. Early adolescents from divorced families reported more internalizing and lower self-esteem, but not more externalizing. They also endorsed more fears of abandonment and feelings of loss, reflecting aspects of emotional pain. Early adolescents from divorced families also rated their attachments to parents as less secure, and perceived their parents as less warm and less firm with discipline. Children fared equally well in mother and father residence, and in single and remarried families. Overall, results were remarkably similar to findings on U.S. samples, despite some important cultural differences.
Sex Differentiation and Inequality: A Mexican-United States Comparison of Parental Aspirations for Daughters
Authors: Marotz Ramona
Published: April 2019

A comparison of parental aspirations for daughters tests ex post facto two partial explanations of sex differentiation related to level of economic development. The findings that (1) U.S. parents, with the exception of the white collar mothers, viewed the role of wife-mother significantly more positively than did the Mexican parents, and that (2) while U.S. families are more egalitarian and Mexican families more patriarchal there appears to be somewhat less discrimination against women extra-familially in Mexico than in the United States support the rapid social change rather than the industrial society explanation.
Interracial Parentage as Revealed by Birth Records in the United States, 1970
Authors: Monahan Thomas P.
Published: April 2019

Using the National Center for Health Statistics data file on births in the United States in 1970, detailed tables were prepared to show the relative races of the parents for each state. In the absence of marriage statistics in a number of the populous states, these results give a complete picture of what could be the general pattern of interracial unions in the United States, subject to qua I ifications inherent in the data. The overall proportion of births with mixed racial parentage is not high, 1.13 per cent. However, from the point of view of the minorities it is quite high, sometimes exceeding 50 per cent. The proportion of Negro births of mixed parentage is the lowest of all, but even for them 3 per cent of their births are biracial. Considerable variation is found to prevail among the states.
Family Structure, Social Class and Cultural Values
Authors: Henry Sheila E.
Published: April 2019

The comparative method is a potentially fruitful method of analysis for testing the universality of specific social values among differing cultures as well as converging patterns of behavior when social groups are subject to similar pressures. However, sources of error are grossly compounded in cross-cultural research.; This paper examines some of the methodological issues as well as substantive and theoretical assumptions using extant comparative research data. Attention is also drawn to the consequences for analysis of a failure on the part of the researcher to appreciate the historical perspective.
Contraceptive Careers : Toward a Subjective Approach to Fertility Regulating Behaviour
Authors: Boldt Edward D. , Latif A.H.
Published: April 2019

Current research on fertility regulating behaviour is criticized on the grounds that it lacks theoretical coherence and is too preoccupied establishing the factors that predispose individuals toward the practice of contraception without addressing the subjective processes whereby these factors become translated into behavioural events. Proper consideration of this aspect of fertility regulating behaviour requires a more balanced theoretical and methodological approach capable of capturing the interplay of objective and subjective elements that is the essence of process.; An alternative approach is therefore suggested which recognizes (1) that such behaviour generally occurs in a context which allows a choice of alternatives; (2) that the factors which presumably govern the individual's selection of alternatives are mediated through a process of interaction between self and others; (3) that these interactional processes are situationally influenced and subjectively defined; and (4) can be viewed as developing sequentially over time. The concept of "career" encompasses all of these and therefore recommends itself as a highly relevant conceptual tool or "sensitizing concept" in the analysis of fertility regulating behaviour. The methodological implications of such an approach are briefly discussed .
The Role of the Male in the Middle-Class Jamaican Family: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Alexander Jack
Published: April 2019

Research into the Caribbean family has focussed on the marginality of men in the lower-class black family and has attempted to explain this 'deviation' from the norm. The research reported here demonstrates that in the middle- class, which presumably embodies the norm, the male is also perceived as marginal. The paper analyzes this puzzling fact by focussing on the relation between behavior and the perception of behavior and the relation between the public and domestic domains. Through a comparison with the white, urban middle and working classes in the United States the paper seeks to demonstrate that the Jamaican middle-class perception of the male in the family is in fact part of a middle-class ideology by which the middle class defines and makes real to itself its place in the stratification system.
Aspects of wastewater disposal at the Yamsovey oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Salnikova Yulia I. , Beshentsev Vladimir A. , Abdrashitova Rimma N.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the ecological and hydrogeological conditions of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian hydrogeological complex. This complex is targeted for pumping wastewater at the Yamsovey oil and gas condensate field. We have studied the geochemical composition of groundwater of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin and injected fluids at the field. In the article we compare the results of chemical analyzes of wastewater with limited components according to the regulatory documentation. Also, we have performed the thermodynamic modeling of physical and chemical processes when mixing treated wastewater and formation water from the absorbing horizon in order to assess their compatibility. The obtained results are presented in the article.
Challenges and their remedies while cementing production casing in high-temperature wells
Authors: Ovchinnikov Vasiliy P. , Ovchinnikov Pavel V. , Melekhov Alexander V. , Rozhkova Oksana V.
Published: April 2019

The development of the global oil industry is closely related to the exploration of new oil and gas fields through the drilling new deep and ultra-deep wells, as well as the application of modern methods of hydrocarbon production. Usage of new methods of production, increasing the depth of the wells, bottomhole temperatures and pressures sets strict requirements and restrictions for the applied plugging materials. Oil well cements must have a long time of thickening to successfully complete the cementing process, grouting stone must have high strength characteristics, heat-resistant properties at high temperatures and provide reliable isolation of the annulus, also have corrosion resistance, ensure durability of the well lining.
Well construction in Eastern Siberia: drilling hazards and their remedies
Authors: Parfiryev Vasiliy A. , Zakirov Nikolay N. , Vaganov Yuriy V. , Anashkina Alexandra E. , Borisenko Victor A.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to an analysis of oil well construction at fields in the territory of Eastern Siberia. We give features of the geological section, influencing the quality of oil well construction. Particularly, we describe drilling hazards under production string, which there are in the process of posting the wellbore. Laboratory studies have helped to make function the recipe polysulfur biopolymer mud. This solution will allow increasing productive time due to reduction of repeated and emergency works on elimination of the complications connected with cavern formation, operating time of ledges in the conditions of preservation of reservoir properties.
Intergraph SmartPlant 3D Comparative analysis of tie-in calculations for the pipeline at the designed CDU/VDU complex of the Omsk refinery based on 3D modeling
Authors: Kvasov Igor N. , Aleksandrov Michael A. , Zanin Andrey V. , Zemenkova Maria Yu.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of strength loads when inserting a branch into the main line. We have carried out the calculations in manual form and with the help of a domestic software product START, specializing in pipeline calculations. 3D model of pipelines was designed to solve the problem and 3D model visualized using software product the Intergraph SmartPlant 3D. The results obtained in the development of the model made it possible to establish the most optimal characteristics of the pipeline tie-in for strength loads and to identify the need to use reinforcement of this tie-in. In the course of the research we have studied significant aspects of strength calculations, as well as features of usage of specialized software products. The calculation was used in the actual design of the CDU/VDU complex of the Omsk refinery.
УЧЁТ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ В КОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Кущенко Регина Сергеевна
Published: April 2019

В рамках настоящей статьи отражены теоретические и практические особенности расчета финансовых результатов организации: актуальность проблемы их учета, расхождение бухгалтерского и налогового учета при исчислении финансовых результатов, методы проведения анализа конечного финансового результата. По результатам проведенного исследования было определено, что для успешной работы предприятия необходимо знать не только финансовый результат, но и как он образовался: статьи расходов и доходов. Это важно для принятия как оперативных, так и долгосрочных управленческих решений. Статья выполнена под научным руководством д.э.н., проф. Чайковской Л.А., заведующей кафедрыбухгалтерского учета и налогообложения РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова.
ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ТОРГОВЫХ СТРУКТУР С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГА
Authors: Миролаев Александр Андреевич , Петров Роман Андреевич
Published: April 2019

Предлагаемое исследование отражает специфику развития интегрированных торговых структур в сфере розничной торговли на основе применения концепции франчайзинга. Современная специфика работы организаций отрасли подразумевает необходимость использования различных инструментов с целью сохранения рыночных позиций. Одним из них является обратный франчайзинг, транслирующий основные элементы моделей франчайзинга, но имеющий некоторые отличия в экономических отношения между партнерами. Статья выполнена под научным руководством Зверевой А.О., к.э.н., доц., доцента кафедры торговой политики ФГБОУ ВО РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ АМОРТИЗАЦИИ ОСНОВНЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors: Хальзова Анна Михайловна
Published: April 2019

В статье проведено исследование экономической сущности амортизации основных средств и необходимости создания амортизационного фонда. Особое внимание уделено терминологическому и экономическому пониманию «амортизация», «износ». Рассмотрено понимание термина «амортизация» российскими и зарубежными исследователями. По результатам проведенного исследования представлено авторское мнение о понятии амортизации основных средств и влиянии применения методов амортизации методов на стоимостную оценку амортизируемых активов. Статья выполнена под научным руководством к.э.н., доцента Морозовой Т.В., кафедра бухгалтерского учета и налогообложения, РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЯЗЫКОВ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ И ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ФОРМАТОВ ОБМЕНА ДЕЛОВЫМИ ДАННЫМИ В БИЗНЕС - СРЕДЕ
Authors: Атауллина Рузалия Ринатовна
Published: April 2019

В статье проведено исследование электронных форматов обмена деловыми данными в бизнес-среде. Особое внимание уделено терминологическому пониманию «языки программирования», их развития и классификации. Определено, что развитие языков программирования во многом зависит от эволюции компьютерной техники. Классификация языков программирования может быть детализирована по функциональному признаку или парадигме программирования. По результатам проведенного исследования представлено авторское мнение о тенденциях развития основных электронных форматах обмена деловыми данными, которые применяются в бизнес-среде. Статья выполнена под научным руководством к.э.н., доцента Морозовой Т. В., кафедра бухгалтерского учета и налогообложения, РЭУ им. Г. В. Плеханова