bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BADUY PLURALISM: FROM MYTH TO REALITY
Authors: Bambang Prawiro Abdurrahman Misno
Published: March 2017

Indonesia is a land of many tribes, with each tribe having different customs. However they have a bond in the form of the state motto, Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This motto is based on a philosophy embraced by every tribe in the form of the teachings passed down from the ancestors such as pantun (Malay poetic form), rhyme, guguritan (Sundanese literary works), history and myths. Myths here are stories about things that happened in the past in the form of the history of the origins of man and nature, or the origin of a nation. Myths as a local wisdom are believed to be the truth by every member of the tribe applied in everyday life. This includes the myth that tells about human cultural diversity (plurality), and the community will implement its content. What about the Baduy community in Banten, do they have myths and apply the myths that deal with pluralism in their life? The Baduy are one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia who have myths about the creation of the universe, human origins, and even myths about the events that will occur. The myth about the origin of humans in the Baduy community begins with the creation of Adam as the first human, and then he had children that gave birth to the whole nation in the world. Because every human in the world is the great-grandsons of Adam, the Baduy believe that all humanity is dulur (brother) despite differences in customs and religion. The reality of social life of the Baduy community, either Baduy Dalam (inner baduy) or Baduy Luar (outer baduy) is that they greatly respect all mankind despite the different cultures and religions. Prohibition to enter the Baduy traditional village for foreigners is because of historical factors, namely the agreement made by their ancestors with the Dutch. This research concluded that the Baduy society is a society that understands the plurality of cultures; it is based on a myth that they believe and apply in their life about tolerance of other religions.

Key Word: Pluralism, Baduy, Lebak Banten, myth and reality
CHINESE INDONESIANS: CHINESE MUSLIMS AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE BUSINESS REPUBLIC JAKARTA: REPUBLIKA
Authors: Setiawan Teguh , Cucu Nurjamilah Reviewed by:
Published: March 2017

This book written by Teguh Setiawan and published by Republika is very interesting to read because from it the reader will get a lot of information about the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, among them: the greatness of the Chinese Muslim leaders and bad luck of Chinese Muslim community during the Dutch colonial period and the heyday of the Muslim ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, and portrait of the Chinese Muslims from the past. In addition, readers will be interested in doing research on other ethnic Chinese, perhaps even you would like to know the ethnic Chinese in the rural areas recounted in the book.
THE DISCOURSE OF EID 1429AH/2011AD GREETINGS ON THE BANNERS AND BILLBOARDS IN PADANG CITY
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Mardhiah Desy
Published: March 2017

Eid al-Fitr is special compared to other holy days of Muslims. In addition to the celebration of victory for Muslims after a month-long fasting, there is a national phenomenon that occurs ahead of the Eid al-Fitr: the flow of urban people returning to their home towns and villlages. Millions of Muslims in Indonesia return home ahead of the holy day. Padang city or Ranah Minang as the capital of West Sumatra Province is one of the destinations for those homeward-bound travelers since the city and other areas in West Sumatra are the hometowns of the Minang people. Simultaneously, in every public space in the city, banners are installed by the head of the local government, political parties, or community leaders to deliver Eid greetings. This article examines the discourse of the message on the banners in the city of Padang in relation to the reality around the place where the banners were installed, the social context, as well as the relationship between the discourses on the banners.

Keywords: Discourse, Eid Greetings
THE PHENOMENON OF (ISLAMIC) RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM IN A NON-‘RELIGIOUS’ CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY AT HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR
Authors: Taufani Taufani
Published: March 2017

This research aims to describe and examine the phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism on the campus of Hasanuddin University (UNHAS). Islamic fundamentalism is a phenomenon that emerged after the reform and it is commonly encountered in the campus world. The trend shows that the phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism is growing in the campus that has no particular religious affiliation and is often driven by the propagation of the Campus Dakwah Organization (LDK). This research would like to test the thesis that whether it is relevant to the context of the Hasanuddin University that in fact is not a religiously-affiliated campus or the contrary. The method of collecting data was done through observation of the activities of the LDK activist at the Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Campus Dakwah Organization’s Musholla Lovers (LDK-MPM), in-depth interviews, documentation/review of previous research and papers. This research shows that Islamic fundamentalism led by LDK-MPM is growing at the Hasanuddin University. This phenomenon emerged as the implications of the post-reform freedom, so that these opportunities are exploited by activists to channel their euphoria, because at the time of the new order, their propagation had a fairly limited space. Another factor that led to the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and growing at Hasanuddin University is because the students did not have comprehensive Islamic references, so that they had no checklist for critiquing and examining the ideology of Islamic fundamentalism. In addition, the emergence of modernity considered to bring the negative excesses also serves as another factor being the cause of Islamic fundamentalism. Therefore, the ideology of Islamic fundamentalism emerged as an alternative to counteract the negative excesses.

Keywords: Islamic Fundamentalism, LDK-MPM, Hasanuddin University.
Critique of Religious Text Perspective
Authors: Jabbar Luqman Abdul , Kurniawan Reviewed by: Syamsul
Published: March 2017

The phenomenon commonly found in the field of interpretation often portrays the claim of truth. As a result, the truth is hard to define. It is certainly something that is reasonable, given the task instead of a human is not to determine who is right and who is wrong. Only God Almighty who has the right to become the holder of the authority of the truth.
The Role Of Chinese Social Organization In The Community Of Singkawang City
Authors: Hidayat et al. Samsul , Suhardiman Reviewed by:
Published: March 2017

Singkawang is one of the municipalities and part of the Sambas district, second largest after the city of Pontianak in West Kalimantan. Based on the historical records presented in this book, at the end of the 18th century, 40,000 Chinese people mostly of Hakka surnames from Fujian and Guangdong areas migrated to West Kalimantan. They worked as gold miners and paid taxes to the Kingdom of Sambas, until they set up their own kongsi (clan association) as a confederation, where every partnership or association had its own territory, leaders, regulations and legislation as well as law enforcement and regular army. Singkawang city at the time served as a settlement or a village for Chinese immigrants, and here people conducted trading activities, such as selling daily staples, farming and working in the mines. Trading activities in Singkawang were also closely associated with the gold mining business, so Singkawang served as a port for trade.
The So-Called “Islamic Terrorism”: A Tale of the Ambiguous Terminology
Authors: Atmaja Dwi Surya
Published: March 2017

"What does the term "terrorism" mean." Why does the term “terrorism” often identified as Islam? "If terrorism is an ism that affects "terror" that it generates, while Islam which literally means "peace", then the two terms certainly mismatch! Such question and statement show Muslims’ concern over frequent phenomena of "terrorism" using Islamic religious symbols. The research undertaken proved that there are three explanations. First, a close tripartite network connection between “terrorism experts” and the circles of power policy holders who are also supported by senior journalists in the international media influence. Second, a long tradition of Orientalist studies in the study of the Middle East region and the study of religion in the Arab culture. Figures such as Bernard Lewis, Noah Feldman, Raphael Patai and other Middle East experts often sit with other experts in the field of terrorism (the first factor) and become main advisors and expert staff for the US government in the formulation of action to counter terror. It was the catalyst for the transmission of viewpoint which then decorated orientalist discourse of Islamic terrorism in the process of political policies. Third, a lot of Islamic terrorism discourse refers to the long tradition of cultural stereotypes and biased representations of the media that often portray Islam and Muslims as ‘the enemy’. The reason is that it reflects the perspective of socio-Western culture that fears and worries the other oriental parties which has been stereotyped since the imperial era. Many also argue that the dichotomy of the orientalist views are deliberately preserved as a form of new style imperialism
Deformasi Wajah Karakter Kartun Berbasis Klaster Titik Fitur Gerak
Authors: Gunanto Samuel Gandang , Nendya Matahari Bhakti , Hariadi Mochamad , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto
Published: March 2017

Pendekatan tradisional animasi ekspresi wajah sangat tergantung pada animatordalam pembuatan gerakan kunci dan rangkaian gerakan ekspresi wajah.Problematika yang sering dijumpai adalah penggunaan kerangka dan gerakan wajahyang sama untuk model yang berbeda membutuhkan waktu yang lama dikarenakankompleksitas ekspresi wajah manusia. Pendekatan simulasi kulit wajah dan ototpada praktiknya masih memerlukan intervensi animator untuk pengaturan kulitwajah terhadap tulang/tengkorak kepala dan konfigurasi sambungan otot gerakdi wajah. Hal ini menyebabkan produksi animasi wajah untuk satu wajah tidakdapat digunakan ulang secara langsung untuk wajah lainnya karena kekhususannyatersebut. Oleh karena itu, proses pengamatan perubahan bentuk ekspresi wajahdengan adanya area bobot pada model wajah 3D menggunakan pendekatanklaster di titik fitur gerak mempunyai peran penting untuk mengidentifikasi prosespenyesuaian bentuk wajah yang berlainan dan variasi pengaruh gerakan pada wajahkarakter kartun.Cartoon Character Face Deformation Based on Motion Feature-Point Cluster.The traditional approach animated facial expression is highly dependent on animatorto create key of movement and continuity the motion of facial expressions. The problemsfrequently encountered is the use of the skeleton and the same facial movements fordifferent models takes a long time because of the complexity on human facial expressions.Simulation approach to facial skin and muscles in practice still requires interventionanimators to control the facial skin to bone/skull and connection configuration in facialmuscle movement. This leads to the production of facial animation for one face can’tbe reused directly to the other face model because of their specialization. Therefore, theobservation of deformation facial expressions with weights area on a 3D face model usingmotion feature-point cluster approach have an important role to identify the adjustmentprocess on different facial shapes, and variations of movement on cartoon character face.
Empat Koreografer Minangkabau: Dibaca dalam Teks Matrilineal dan Patrilineal
Authors: Surheni Surheni
Published: March 2017

Artikel ini membahas empat koreografer Minangkabau yaitu Gusmiati Suid, Huriah Adam, Syofyani Bustamam, dan Syahril dari perspektif matrilineal dan patrilineal. Teks matrilineal tidak hanya dipandang dari sisi genealogis, tetapi juga dari sudut pandang budaya. Berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi perempuan di luar wilayah domestiknya terbias dalam seni tari. Perempuan tidak dinantikan hanya untuk menyemarakkan dengan tebaran pesona keindahan ragawi. Ia mampu menjadi sumber ide dan tema, pelaku, pencipta, pengatur, dan penyelenggara, atau sarana mobilitas seni pertunjukan. Keempat koreografer lahir dan dibesarkan di Minangkabau akan tetapi berkiprah di tiga wilayah yang berbeda. Gusmiati Suid di Jakarta, Huriah Adam di Sumatera Barat, Syofyani di Padang, dan Syahril di Padangpanjang. Sebagai koreografer yang lahir dan dibesarkan dalam kultur Minangkabau tentu keempat koreografer ini ikut merasakan betapa dilematis posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat Minangkabau. This article discusses about four choreographers of Minangkabau, among others are Gusmiati Suid, Huriah Adam, Syoyani Bustamam, and Syahril seen from the perspective of matrilineal and Patrilineal. The matrilineal text cannot only be seen from the genealogical side but it can be viewed from the cultural standpoint. Based on the research result it can be concluded that women participation outside their domestic area is also biased in dance performing arts. Women are not only expected to embellish with their scattering of physical enchanting beauty. They can be the source of ideas and themes, the actress,the creator,the manager, and the event organizer, or the mean of performing arts mobility. These four choreographers were born and grown up in Minangkabau, however, they have actively expanded their career in three different places. Gusmiati Suid’ s career is in Jakarta, Huriah Adam is in West Sumatra , Syoyani is in Padang, and Syahril is in Padangpanjang. As the choreographers born and grown up in Minangkabau’s culture, they definitely feel the dilemmatic sense of women position in Minangkabau society.
Pelestarian Nilai-Nilai Civic Culture dalam Memperkuat Identitas Budaya Masyarakat: Makna Simbolik Ulos dalam Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Toba di Sitorang
Authors: Panjaitan Lopiana Margaretha , Sundawa Dadang
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pelestarian nilai-nilai civic culture dalam memperkuat identitas budaya masyarakat Batak Toba melalui makna simbolik ulos dalam pelaksanaan upacara perkawinan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam melestarikan nilai-nilai civic culture, dan mengapa masyarakat Batak Toba perlu untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai civic culture tersebut. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan partisipasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ulos tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupann orang Batak Toba karena merupakan warisan nenek moyang sejak dahulu kala, ulos juga sebagai simbol kasih sayang di antara keluarga, yaitu antara orang tua dan anak, dan juga antar sesama anggota masyarakat; (2) upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam melestarikan nilai-nilai civic culture tersebut adalah dengan cara memberikan pemahaman dan penjelasan kepada generasi muda dan membangun sebuah cagar budaya; (3) alasan mengapa masyarakat Batak Toba perlu melestarikan nilai-nilai civic culture tersebut adalah agar warisan nenek moyang tetap terjaga karena di dalam makna simbolik ulos tersebut terdapat nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila, seperti nilai ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan.  Preservation of The Value of Civic Culture in Strengthening The Cultural Identity of The Community: Case Study on The Symbolic Meaning of Marriage of Ulos in The Implementation of Batak Toba Society in Sitorang). This reseach aims to understand the preservation the value of civic culture in strengthening the cultural identity of Batak Toba society through the symbolic meaning of ulos in the implementation of the marriage. This research focuses to have the efforts made by the community in preserving the value of civic culture, and to find out why the people of Batak Toba need to preserve the value of the civic culture. The study uses a qualitative case study method. The techniques of data collection are done through interviews, observation, documentation, and direct participation. The reseach results show that: (1) Ulos is not separated from the life of Batak Toba, because it is a heritage since a very long time ago, ulos is also as a symbol of affection among family,between parents and children, as well as among members of society; (2) The effort made by the public and the government in prevising the value of the civic culture is to provide an understanding and explanation to the younger generation and build a cultural heritage; (3) Reasons why people of Batak Toba need to preserve the value of the civic culture is that the heritage is maintained, because the noble values of Pancasila can be found in the symbolic meanings of ulos, as the value of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice.
PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB MELALUI INDEKS KATA DAN FRASA DALAM BAHAN AJAR DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NON PESANTREN
Authors: Baroroh R. Umi , Shodik M. Jakfar , Fransiska Tony
Published: March 2017

The factor of failure in Arabic language learning in Indonesia is the lack of activities in language learning. One of language learning activities is identifying meaning or word meaning and phrase in dictionary. However, word and phrase index developed based on teaching materials at madrasah non-pesantren was not developed yet. Therefore, Research and Development is needed to apply. After having collected the word and phrase index that were collected from teaching materials of Arabic language at MI non-pesantren in Indonesia, then it was tested at MIN Malang. The result showed that: there was a development in Arabic language learning through word and phrase index; that was students’ competence to identify meaning and collaboration in understanding text and context in a sentence. After having applied the experiment, students’ average score increased from 52 with 19 failed students to 81,26 with 5 failed students.
Message from the Minister of Health
Authors: Thapa Gagan Kumar
Published: March 2017

No abstract availableBirat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.1(1) 2016
Treatment Outcome of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis From a Centre of Eastern Region, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire H.B. , Rimal H.S. , Parajuli P.
Published: March 2017

Introduction Drug resistance tuberculosis (DRTB) has become major problem worldwide with difficulty in treatment. Objective The study is conducted to find the incidence and outcomes of DRTB in one of the eastern tuberculosis treatment centre of Nepal.Methodology We collected all the cases of DRTB being treated from national anti-tuberculosis association of Biratnagar, Nepal. There were altogether 154 patients, who had sputum culture with resistance of at least one anti tubercular drug (ATD), included in this study.Results Of 154 total patients, 36 patients were resistant to rifampicin only, 84 patients were resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, 18 patients were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol and 16 patients were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and either streptomycin or fluoroquinolone. There was overall 71% cure rate in case of drug resistance tuberculosis. There was only statistical difference between cured and died patients in case of sputum conversion time with earlier sputum conversion in cured patients. Similarly, patients who were previously treated with category 2 ATD had only resistance to ethambutol or streptomycin or fluoroquinolone besides resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin compared to new patients and patients treated with category 1 regimen; as these groups were not found to be resistant to first three drugs.Conclusion There was overall 71% cure rate in case of drug resistance tuberculosis. Earlier sputum conversion was seen in cured patients compared to those who died during the treatment. Multiple drugs were resistant in patients previously treated with category 2 Anti-tubercular drugs.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 20-26
A supplementary grading scale combining lesion-to-eloquence distance for predicting surgical outcomes of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Jiao Yuming , Lin Fuxin , Wu Jun , Li Hao , Wang Lijun , Jin Zhen , Wang Shuo , Cao Yong
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Case selection for the surgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) remains challenging. This study aimed to construct a predictive grading system combining lesion-to-eloquence distance (LED) for selecting patients with BAVMs for surgery.

METHODS

Between September 2012 and September 2015, the authors retrospectively studied 201 consecutive patients with BAVMs. All patients had undergone preoperative functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), followed by resection. Both angioarchitectural factors and LED were analyzed with respect to the change between preoperative and final postoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. LED refers to the distance between the lesion and the nearest eloquent area (eloquent cortex or eloquent fiber tracts) measured on preoperative fMRI and DTI. Based on logistic regression analysis, the authors constructed 3 new grading systems. The HDVL grading system includes the independent predictors of mRS change (hemorrhagic presentation, diffuseness, deep venous drainage, and LED). Full Score combines the variables in the Spetzler-Martin (S-M) grading system (nidus size, eloquence of adjacent brain, and venous drainage) and the HDVL. For the third grading system, the fS-M grading system, the authors added information regarding eloquent fiber tracts to the S-M grading system. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was compared with those of the S-M grading system and the supplementary S-M grading system of Lawton et al.

RESULTS

LED was significantly correlated with a change in mRS score (p < 0.001). An LED of 4.95 mm was the cutoff point for the worsened mRS score. Hemorrhagic presentation, diffuseness, deep venous drainage, and LED were independent predictors of a change in mRS score. Predictive accuracy was highest for the HDVL grading system (area under the ROC curve 0.82), followed by the Full Score grading system (0.80), the fS-M grading system (0.79), the supplementary S-M grading system (0.76), and least for the S-M grading system (0.71). Predictive accuracy of the HDVL grading system was significantly better than that of the Spetzler-Martin grade (p = 0.040).

CONCLUSIONS

LED was a significant predictor for the preoperative risk evaluation for surgery. The HDVL system was a good predictor of neurological outcomes after BAVM surgery. Adding the consideration of the involvement of eloquent fiber tracts to preoperative evaluation can effectively improve its predictive accuracy.
Digital subtraction myelography in the investigation of post–dural puncture headache in 27 patients: technical note
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Maya M. Marcel , Moser Franklin G.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Post–dural puncture headaches are common, and the treatment of such headaches can be complex when they become chronic. Among patients with spontaneous spinal CSF leaks, digital subtraction myelography (DSM) can localize the exact site of the leak when an extradural CSF collection is present, and it can also demonstrate CSF-venous fistulas in those without an extradural CSF collection. The authors now report on the use of DSM in the management of patients with chronic post–dural puncture headaches.

METHODS

The patient population consisted of a consecutive group of 27 patients with recalcitrant post–dural puncture headache that had lasted from 2 to 150 months (mean 26 months).

RESULTS

The mean age of the 17 women and 10 men was 39.1 years (range 18–77 years). An extensive extradural CSF collection was present in 5 of the 27 patients, and DSM was able to localize the exact site of the dural defect in all 5 patients. Among the 22 patients who did not have an extradural CSF collection, DSM showed a CSF-venous fistula in 1 patient (5%). Three other patients had a small pseudomeningocele at the level of the dural puncture. Percutaneous glue injection or microsurgical repair resulted in resolution of symptoms in 8 of the 9 patients in whom an abnormality had been identified on imaging.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital subtraction myelography is able to precisely localize the dural puncture site in patients with a post–dural puncture headache and an extensive extradural CSF collection, and it may rarely detect a CSF-venous fistula in such patients without an extradural CSF collection.
Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome associated with myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipoma, and lipomyelomeningocele in children and young adults
Authors: Aldave Guillermo , Hansen Daniel , Hwang Steven W. , Moreno Amee , Briceño Valentina , Jea Andrew
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Tethered cord syndrome is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal stretch on the spinal cord, presumably causing mechanical injury, a compromised blood supply, and altered spinal cord metabolism. Tethered cord release is the standard treatment for tethered cord syndrome. However, direct untethering of the spinal cord carries potential risks, such as new neurological deficits from spinal cord injury, a CSF leak from opening the dura, and retethering of the spinal cord from normal scar formation after surgery. To avoid these risks, the authors applied spinal column shortening to children and transitional adults with primary and secondary tethered cord syndrome and report treatment outcomes. The authors' aim with this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome by analyzing their experience with this surgical technique.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the demographic and procedural data of children and young adults who had undergone spinal column shortening for primary or secondary tethered cord syndrome.

RESULTS

Seven patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by myelomeningocele, lipomyelomeningocele, and transitional spinal lipoma were treated with spinal column shortening. One patient with less than 24 months of follow-up was excluded from further analysis. There were 3 males and 4 females; the average age at the time was surgery was 16 years (range 8–30 years). Clinical presentations for our patients included pain (in 5 patients), weakness (in 4 patients), and bowel/bladder dysfunction (in 4 patients). Spinal column osteotomy was most commonly performed at the L-1 level, with fusion between T-12 and L-2 using a pedicle screw-rod construct. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy was performed in 6 patients, and vertebral column resection was performed in 1 patient. The average follow-up period was 31 months (range 26–37 months). Computed tomography–based radiographic outcomes showed solid fusion and no instrumentation failure in all cases by the most recent follow-up. Five of 7 patients (71%) reported improvement in preoperative symptoms during the follow-up period. The mean differences in initial and most recent Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index scores were 0.26 and –13%, respectively; minimum clinically important difference in SRS-22 and ODI were assumed to be 0.4% and –12.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Spinal column shortening seems to represent a safe and efficacious alternative to traditional untethering of the spinal cord for tethered cord syndrome.
Cottle's Bristol Album, ‘Evening’ and the ‘Insane Man at Dr Fox's’
Authors: Cheshire Paul
Published: March 2017

Joseph Cottle started his Bristol Album in 1795, recognizing the promise of his new circle of friends. Among those who contributed poems to this album were Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, William Gilbert, Dr Beddoes, and the anonymous author of a poem ‘Evening’, described in the album as ‘Written by an Insane Man at Dr Fox's’. ‘Evening’ appears in the album immediately before a contribution in Coleridge's hand, and it has a number of verbal parallels with ‘The Eolian Harp’, which Coleridge was to start two months later. Dr Edward Long Fox, who in 1795 played a leading role in Bristol's radical community, was a medical practitioner who treated the mentally ill. This paper looks at how the poem was transmitted from the privacy of Fox's asylum to the pages of Cottle's album, and assesses its significance for that early Romantic writing circle.
Wordsworth, Shelley, and the Riddle of Peter Bell
Authors: Williams John
Published: March 2017

In 1819 Shelley was moved to anger and derision when Wordsworth published Peter Bell. His satirical response was predicated on an ironically autobiographical interpretation of the poem, and in this respect, Shelley's reading of the poem merits further study with respect to both poets. Hazlitt, Keats, Lamb, and others, were quick to note the egotistical drive that informed Wordsworth's writing, but in Peter Bell the Third Shelley claimed that Wordsworth went far beyond that. He insisted that Wordsworth had unintentionally satirised himself with devastating accuracy in the manner of Thomas Moore's satire on political apostasy, The Fudge Family in Paris. Shelley's reading of the poem casts a fresh light on the importance of Peter Bell for an appreciation of the complexity of Wordsworth's development as a poet at the time of writing Lyrical Ballads, a complexity that relates both to the controversial style of Peter Bell, and to the ambivalent relationships within the poem between poet, narrator, protagonist, and reader.
Gravitational waves and core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Bisnovatyi-Kogan G S , Moiseenko S G
Published: March 2017

A mechanism of formation of gravitational waves in the Universe is considered for a nonspherical collapse of matter. Nonspherical collapse results are presented for a uniform spheroid of dust and a finite-entropy spheroid. Numerical simulation results on core-collapse supernova explosions are presented for the neutrino and magneto-rotational models. These results are used to estimate the dimensionless amplitude of the gravitational wave with a frequency ν ~ 1300 Hz, radiated during the collapse of the rotating core of a pre-supernova with a mass of 1.2 M
⊙ (calculated by the authors in 2D). This estimate agrees well with many other calculations (presented in this paper) that have been done in 2D and 3D settings and which rely on more exact and sophisticated calculations of the gravitational wave amplitude. The formation of the large-scale structure of the Universe in the Zel’dovich pancake model involves the emission of very long-wavelength gravitational waves. The average amplitude of these waves is calculated from the simulation, in the uniform spheroid approximation, of the nonspherical collapse of noncollisional dust matter, which imitates dark matter. It is noted that a gravitational wave radiated during a core-collapse supernova explosion in our Galaxy has a sufficient amplitude to be detected by existing gravitational wave telescopes.
Emotion Elicitation in a Socially Intelligent Service: The Typing Tutor
Authors: Košir Andrej , Strle Gregor
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an experimental study on modeling machine emotion elicitation in a socially intelligent service, the typing tutor. The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent to which the machine emotion elicitation can influence the affective state (valence and arousal) of the learner during a tutoring session. The tutor provides continuous real-time emotion elicitation via graphically rendered emoticons, as an emotional feedback to learner’s performance. Good performance is rewarded by the positive emoticon, based on the notion of positive reinforcement. Facial emotion recognition software is used to analyze the affective state of the learner for later evaluation. Experimental results show the correlation between the positive emoticon and the learner’s affective state is significant for all 13 (100%) test participants on the arousal dimension and for 9 (69%) test participants on both affective dimensions. The results also confirm our hypothesis and show that the machine emotion elicitation is significant for 11 (85%) of 13 test participants. We conclude that the machine emotion elicitation with simple graphical emoticons has a promising potential for the future development of the tutor.
Is Turbulence a State of Maximum Energy Dissipation?
Authors: Mihelich Martin , Faranda Davide , Paillard Didier , Dubrulle Bérengère
Published: March 2017

Turbulent flows are known to enhance turbulent transport. It has then even been suggested that turbulence is a state of maximum energy dissipation. In this paper, we re-examine critically this suggestion in light of several recent works around the Maximum Entropy Production principle (MEP) that has been used in several out-of-equilibrium systems. We provide a set of four different optimization principles, based on maximization of energy dissipation, entropy production, Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy and minimization of mixing time, and study the connection between these principles using simple out-of-equilibrium models describing mixing of a scalar quantity. We find that there is a chained-relationship between most probable stationary states of the system, and their ability to obey one of the four principles. This provides an empirical justification of the Maximum Entropy Production principle in this class of systems, including some turbulent flows, for special boundary conditions. Otherwise, we claim that the minimization of the mixing time would be a more appropriate principle. We stress that this principle might actually be limited to flows where symmetry or dynamics impose pure mixing of a quantity (like angular momentum, momentum or temperature). The claim that turbulence is a state of maximum energy dissipation, a quantity intimately related to entropy production, is therefore limited to special situations that nevertheless include classical systems such as shear flows, Rayleigh–Bénard convection and von Kármán flows, forced with constant velocity or temperature conditions.
Characterization of Retail Conventional, Organic, and Grass Full-Fat Butters by Their Fat Contents, Free Fatty Acid Contents, and Triglyceride and Fatty Acid Profiling
Authors: Pustjens Annemieke , Boerrigter-Eenling Rita , Koot Alex , Rozijn Maikel , Van Ruth Saskia
Published: March 2017

In the Netherlands, butter is produced from milk originating from three different production systems: conventional, organic, and grass-fed cows. The aim of the current study was to characterize these types of butters, and pinpoint distinct compositional differences. Retail conventional (n = 28), organic (n = 14), and grass (n = 12) full-fat butters were collected during the winter and summer seasons. Samples were analyzed for their fat content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA) profiles. The fat content was significantly lower in conventional butters than in organic butters and the FFA content was significantly lower in conventional butters compared with grass butters. Also, organic butters differed significantly from their conventional counterparts with regard to their TG and FA profiles. The TG profiles of the organic and grass butters did not differ significantly. The FA profiles of grass butters were less distinct, since only a few FAs differed significantly from conventional (six FAs) and organic (eight FAs) butters.
Self-Organized TiO2–MnO2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene
Authors: Nevárez-Martínez María , Kobylański Marek , Mazierski Paweł , Wółkiewicz Jolanta , Trykowski Grzegorz , Malankowska Anna , Kozak Magda , Espinoza-Montero Patricio , Zaleska-Medynska Adriana
Published: March 2017

Vertically oriented, self-organized TiO2–MnO2 nanotube arrays were successfully obtained by one-step anodic oxidation of Ti–Mn alloys in an ethylene glycol-based electrolyte. The as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the applied potential (30–50 V), manganese content in the alloy (5–15 wt. %) and water content in the electrolyte (2–10 vol. %) on the morphology and photocatalytic properties was investigated for the first time. The photoactivity was assessed in the toluene removal reaction under visible light, using low-powered LEDs as an irradiation source (λmax = 465 nm). Morphology analysis showed that samples consisted of auto-aligned nanotubes over the surface of the alloy, their dimensions were: diameter = 76–118 nm, length = 1.0–3.4 μm and wall thickness = 8–11 nm. It was found that the increase in the applied potential led to increase the dimensions while the increase in the content of manganese in the alloy brought to shorter nanotubes. Notably, all samples were photoactive under the influence of visible light and the highest degradation achieved after 60 min of irradiation was 43%. The excitation mechanism of TiO2–MnO2 NTs under visible light was presented, pointing out the importance of MnO2 species for the generation of e− and h+.
Optimizing Sample Size to Assess the Genetic Diversity in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Populations Using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Markers
Authors: Chai Xutian , Dong Rui , Liu Wenxian , Wang Yanrong , Liu Zhipeng
Published: March 2017

Common vetch (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa L.) is a self-pollinating annual forage legume with worldwide importance. Here, we investigate the optimal number of individuals that may represent the genetic diversity of a single population, using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Two cultivated varieties and two wild accessions were evaluated using five SCoT primers, also testing different sampling sizes: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 individuals. The results showed that the number of alleles and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) were different among the four accessions. Cluster analysis by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and STRUCTURE placed the 240 individuals into four distinct clusters. The Expected Heterozygosity (HE) and PIC increased along with an increase in sampling size from 1 to 10 plants but did not change significantly when the sample sizes exceeded 10 individuals. At least 90% of the genetic variation in the four germplasms was represented when the sample size was 10. Finally, we concluded that 10 individuals could effectively represent the genetic diversity of one vetch population based on the SCoT markers. This study provides theoretical support for genetic diversity, cultivar identification, evolution, and marker-assisted selection breeding in common vetch.
Daily Intake of Grape Powder Prevents the Progression of Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic ZSF1 Rats
Authors: Almomen Salwa , Guan Qiunong , Liang Peihe , Yang Kaidi , Sidiqi Ahmad , Levin Adeera , Du Caigan
Published: March 2017

Individuals living with metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes and obesity are at high risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the beneficial effect of whole grape powder (WGP) diet on MetS-associated CKD. Obese diabetic ZSF1 rats, a kidney disease model with MetS, were fed WGP (5%, w/w) diet for six months. Kidney disease was determined using blood and urine chemical analyses, and histology. When compared to Vehicle controls, WGP intake did not change the rat bodyweight, but lowered their kidney, liver and spleen weight, which were in parallel with the lower serum glucose and the higher albumin or albumin/globin ratio. More importantly, WGP intake improved the renal function as urination and proteinuria decreased, or it prevented kidney tissue damage in these diabetic rats. The renal protection of WGP diet was associated with up-regulation of antioxidants (Dhcr24, Gstk1, Prdx2, Sod2, Gpx1 and Gpx4) and downregulation of Txnip (for ROS production) in the kidneys. Furthermore, addition of grape extract reduced H2O2-induced cell death of cultured podocytes. In conclusion, daily intake of WGP reduces the progression of kidney disease in obese diabetic rats, suggesting a protective function of antioxidant-rich grape diet against CKD in the setting of MetS.
The Implementation of Pharmacy Competence Teaching in Estonia
Authors: Volmer Daisy , Sepp Kristiina , Veski Peep , Raal Ain
Published: March 2017

Background: The PHAR-QA, “Quality Assurance in European Pharmacy Education and Training”, project has produced the European Pharmacy Competence Framework (EPCF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing pharmacy programme at the University of Tartu, using the EPCF. Methods: A qualitative assessment of the pharmacy programme by a convenience sample (n = 14) representing different pharmacy stakeholders in Estonia. EPCF competency levels were determined by using a five-point scale tool adopted from the Dutch competency standards framework. Mean scores of competency levels given by academia and other pharmacy stakeholders were compared. Results: Medical and social sciences, pharmaceutical technology, and pharmacy internship were more frequent subject areas contributing to EPCF competencies. In almost all domains, the competency level was seen higher by academia than by other pharmacy stakeholders. Despite on-board theoretical knowledge, the competency level at graduation could be insufficient for independent professional practice. Other pharmacy stakeholders would improve practical implementation of theoretical knowledge, especially to increase patient care competencies. Conclusions: The EPCF was utilized to evaluate professional competencies of entry-level pharmacists who have completed a traditional pharmacy curriculum. More efficient training methods and involvement of practicing specialists were suggested to reduce the gaps of the existing pharmacy programme. Applicability of competence teaching in Estonia requires more research and collaborative communication within the pharmacy sector.
Catholic Social Teaching on Building a Just Society: The Need for a Ceiling and a Floor
Authors: Himes Kenneth
Published: March 2017

Msg. John A. Ryan was the leading voice for economic justice among American Catholics in the first half of the twentieth century. Although he was a champion of the proposal for a living wage to establish a minimum floor below which no worker might fall, Ryan gave little attention to whether there ought to be a ceiling to limit wealth among concentrated elites. I believe Ryan’s natural law methodology hindered a fuller vision of economic justice when addressing inequality. Contemporary Catholic social teaching, shaped by documents like Vatican II’s Gaudium et spes, has formulated a communitarian approach to justice that deals more adequately with the dangers of vast economic disparities. The essay concludes with a few ideas regarding how the post-conciliar outlook assists in rectifying the growing trend of economic inequality within American society.
Investigation of a Combined Surveying and Scanning Device: The Trimble SX10 Scanning Total Station
Authors: Lachat Elise , Landes Tania , Grussenmeyer Pierre
Published: March 2017

Surveying fields from geosciences to infrastructure monitoring make use of a wide range of instruments for accurate 3D geometry acquisition. In many cases, the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) tends to become an optimal alternative to total station measurements thanks to the high point acquisition rate it offers, but also to ever deeper data processing software functionalities. Nevertheless, traditional surveying techniques are valuable in some kinds of projects. Nowadays, a few modern total stations combine their conventional capabilities with those of a laser scanner in a unique device. The recent Trimble SX10 scanning total station is a survey instrument merging high-speed 3D scanning and the capabilities of an image-assisted total station. In this paper this new instrument is introduced and first compared to state-of-the-art image-assisted total stations. The paper also addresses the topic of various laser scanning projects and the delivered point clouds are compared with those of other TLS. Directly and indirectly georeferenced projects have been carried out and are investigated in this paper, and a polygonal traverse is performed through a building. Comparisons with the results delivered by well-established survey instruments show the reliability of the Trimble SX10 for geodetic work as well as for scanning projects.
Rural Second Homes and Their Impacts on Rural Development: A Case Study in East Iran
Authors: Hajimirrahimi Seyed , Esfahani Elham , Van Acker Veronique , Witlox Frank
Published: March 2017

Previously, rural tourism has developed due to population growth, urbanization, development of transportation, and communication routes. In this context, rural second homes (RSHs) are considered as one of the main instruments of permanent and temporary residency tourism. This study intended to evaluate the impacts that “rural second homes” have on rural development in the Khorashad village in the South Khorasan province of Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Using a random sampling method, 146 permanent rural residents were selected. Results showed that in the view of the respondents, the most important positive and negative impacts of RSHs were, respectively, the physical-environment and socio-cultural aspects of the area. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between job type, gender, and purchase/construction year of the RSHs and people’s perceptions toward the impacts of RSHs. The study concluded that the most important strategies to reduce negative impacts and increase positive impacts of the RSHs are to, respectively, improve public policies and design geographical distribution patterns in order to develop RSHs.
Demographic Changes and Real Estate Values. A Quantitative Model for Analyzing the Urban-Rural Linkages
Authors: Bencardino Massimiliano , Nesticò Antonio
Published: March 2017

Vast metropolitan areas include both urban areas and rural outskirts. Between these areas, there are strong links to the point which they cannot be examined separately. There is a contemporary presence of residential function and working activity in the rural outskirts, as well as in the typical sector of agriculture. Therefore, the production of goods and services for the city requires a combined analysis, due to the large territory which it has to consider. The evolution of the population of such a large territory can be studied in great detail, with reference to the single census area and with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This means that such a demographic development produces an effect on the values of the urban real estate. This work demonstrates the existing interconnections between urban areas and rural outskirts. Data collection on trends of the population living in the Naples metropolitan area and the house prices associated with this area, and the post spatial processing of such data, allows for the establishment of thematic maps according to which a model capable of interpreting the population development is defined. A study of the statistical correlations shows the consequences that the population dynamics produce for property prices. In addition, the diachronic analysis of the sales prices of residential buildings demonstrates that economic functions, exclusive of certain urban or rural territories, end up distributing and integrating.