bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Transport and Convective Velocities in Compositionally Driven Convection in Neutron Star and White Dwarf Interiors
Authors: Fuentes J. R. , Cumming Andrew , Castro-Tapia Matias , Anders Evan H.
Published: June 2023

We investigate heat transport associated with compositionally driven convection driven by crystallization at the ocean–crust interface in accreting neutron stars, or growth of the solid core in cooling white dwarfs. We study the effect of thermal diffusion and rapid rotation on the convective heat transport, using both mixing length theory and numerical simulations of Boussinesq convection. We determine the heat flux, composition gradient, and Péclet number, Pe (the ratio of thermal diffusion time to convective turnover time) as a function of the composition flux. We find two regimes of convection with a rapid transition between them as the composition flux increases. At small Pe, the ratio between the heat flux and composition flux is independent of Pe, because the loss of heat from convecting fluid elements due to thermal diffusion is offset by the smaller composition gradient needed to overcome the reduced thermal buoyancy. At large Pe, the temperature gradient approaches the adiabatic gradient, saturating the heat flux. We discuss the implications for cooling of neutron stars and white dwarfs. Convection in neutron stars spans both regimes. We find rapid mixing of neutron star oceans, with a convective turnover time of the order of weeks to minutes depending on rotation. Except during the early stages of core crystallization, white dwarf convection is in the thermal-diffusion-dominated fingering regime. We find convective velocities much smaller than recent estimates for crystallization-driven dynamos. The small fraction of energy carried as kinetic energy calls into question the effectiveness of crystallization-driven dynamos as an explanation for observed magnetic fields in white dwarfs.
Multiphase Gas Nature in the Sub-parsec Region of the Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Dynamical Structures of Dusty and Dust-free Outflow
Authors: Kudoh Yuki , Wada Keiichi , Kawakatu Nozomu , Nomura Mariko
Published: June 2023

We investigated dusty and dust-free gas dynamics for a radiation-driven sub-parsec-scale outflow in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) associated with a supermassive black hole 107
M
⊙ and bolometric luminosity 1044 erg s−1 based on the two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. A radiation-driven “lotus-like” multi-shell outflow is launched from the inner part (r ≲ 0.04 pc) of the geometrically thin disk, and it repeatedly and steadily produces shocks as mass accretion continues through the disk to the center. The shape of the dust sublimation radius is not spherical and depends on the angle (θ) from the disk plane, reflecting the nonspherical radiation field and nonuniform dust-free gas. Moreover, we found that the sublimation radius of θ ∼ 20°–60° varies on a timescale of several years. The “inflow-induced outflow” contributes to the obscuration of the nucleus in the sub-parsec region. The column density of the dust-free gas is N
H ≳ 1022 cm−2 for r ≲ 0.04 pc. Gases near the disk plane (θ ≲ 30°) can be the origin of the Compton-thick component, which was suggested by the recent X-ray observations of AGNs. The dusty outflow from the sub-parsec region can be also a source of material for the radiation-driven fountain for a larger scale.
New species, new records and key to the species of the Rhagovelia itatiaiana group (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Veliidae) from Brazil
Authors: Magalhães Oséias , Floriano Carla , Moreira Felipe
Published: June 2023

Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Veliidae), known as riffle bugs, includes more than 400 species and is commonly found in tropical lotic environments, including coastal marine habitats, such as mangroves and estuaries. Due to the elevated number of species, the fauna from the Americas has been divided into several groups, which facilitates taxonomic studies. Amongst them, the itatiana group currently includes two species from the Greater Antilles and five from south-eastern and southern Brazil. Despite the many taxonomic studies developed during the past few decades, new species of Rhagovelia are still being discovered in several areas of the continent, including the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.

Rhagovelia bispoi sp. n. is described, illustrated and compared with similar congeners. The new species belongs to the itatiaiana group and can be diagnosed by the uniformly black mesonotum, the presence of a tuft of setae medially on male abdominal sternum VII, the armature of the male hind femur and the distinctive shape of the paramere. In addition, we present new records of R. trepida Bacon, 1948 from the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina and a key to the species of the itatiaiana group recorded from Brazil.
The first barcode-assisted record of Tropidopola turanica Uvarov, 1926 (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Georgia
Authors: Arsenashvili Eka , Seropian Armen
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The genus Tropidopola (Insecta, Orthoptera) is recorded in Georgia for the first time. Detailed information on the barcode of the species, pictures of the live and preserved specimen, collecting information, and remarks on the ecology of T. turanica Uvarov, 1926, are given.
Analysis of academic publishing in Trakya University journals
Authors: Kiran Kadri , Demiröz Erdem , Güleç Hacı Ali , Atakan Müge , Uzun Cem
Published: June 2023

Background: Although Turkey publishes more than 3000 peer-reviewed scientific journals, fewer than 5% of them are covered by major indexing databases, and only 1 of the 10 scientific journals published by Trakya University (Turkey) is among those quality journals. In November 2017, Trakya University organized a workshop titled ‘Increasing the quality of academic journals at Trakya University’, the ultimate goal of which was to bring together all stakeholders in the process of academic publishing, to review the criteria of publishing quality, and to recommend measures to enhance the quality of academic journals published from Turkey. 

Objectives: To review the current status of academic journals published by Trakya University in terms of international publishing standards, to devise measures to enhance their quality, and also to help other journals do the same. 

Methods: Information was collected from the websites of 10 academic journals pub-lished by Trakya University in the fields of natural, medical, and social sciences to assess the extent to which each journal met a set of criteria defining quality academic publishing. These journals were then compared in terms of their success in meeting those criteria.

Results: No single measure can improve the quality of all the ten journals published by Trakya University. Balkan Medical Journal topped the list in that it satisfied nearly all the criteria whereas the journals that met the fewest criteria were Trakya University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, Trakya University Journal of Faculty of Letters, and Journal of Balkan Libraries Union. Timeliness in ensuring ethical standards was the criterion most often met by the journals, but all 10 failed to meet the criteria related to data accessibility and good reporting guidelines. Of the 8 crite-ria related to fairness of the blind-review processes, all 10 met 6 but none met all 8. In terms of transparency and implementation of best practices, the highest compliance was in terms of the criteria related to the name of the journal, its governing body, and archiving, but no journal made any effort to market itself, that is, to expand its circulation.

Conclusions: The strengths and weaknesses of each journal with reference to the quality of academic publishing were highlighted. The method described in the paper can also be used for evaluating other journals.
« S’habiller à l’européenne » à la frontière mexico états-unienne. Mode fin de siècle et intersectionnalité
Authors: Lourdes García Vega Ana , Claisse Pierre , Lepez Aurélie
Published: June 2023

Cette étude est le résultat d’une recherche sur la mode, la culture des apparences et les modèles de consommation des femmes de l’élite à la frontalière nord-ouest entre les États-Unis et le Mexique à la fin du xix e  siècle et au début du xx e  siècle. La recherche a été effectuée au moyen de divers types de sources comme des portraits de la période (1895-1910) des catalogues commerciaux, des recensements démographiques, des mémoires et la presse écrite. Pendant le période d’étude, les modèles de consommation de la mode commencent à changer en Europe occidentale et ces changements ont des répercussions au Mexique et en Amérique Latine de façon plus générale. Pourtant, durant cette période les États-Unis ont aussi proposé de nouvelles modes et des modèles de consommation qui rendaient compte des idées fondamentales de l’identité américaine : la jeunesse, la modernité et la liberté. Ainsi, les femmes de l’élite de la région frontalière sont-elles devenues un emblème ont adopté des codes de féminité étrangers tout en conservant une conception traditionnelle de féminité propre de l’Amérique latine du xix e  siècle. Dans le même temps, les fondements de la distinction comme la culture matérielle et la race, deviennent des éléments fondamentaux de la construction de genre.
Circulations révolutionnaires et transferts vestimentaires. L’exemple de la veste Mao, 1966-1976
Authors: Hourmant François
Published: June 2023

De Pékin à Pyongyang, de Paris à Kinshasa, le costume Mao reste un exemple paradigmatique des transferts culturels et de la circulation des idéologies sur la scène internationale, notamment à partir de la fin des années soixante. Improprement associé au Grand Timonier, le costume Mao, inventé par Sun Yat-sen, constitue déjà une forme d’hybridation (entre l’uniforme soviétique et le costume traditionnel chinois). Il entame ensuite une étonnante trajectoire : il habille Kim Il-sung et les dignitaires nord-coréens. Importé massivement en France à la fin des années soixante, les costumes bleu indigo irriguent à la fois à la contestation révolutionnaire de la jeunesse (parisienne) mais aussi celle d’artistes (comme Godard dans La Chinoise ) ou l’univers de la mode. Revisité par Cardin (puis par Mugler), évidé de son référent marxiste-léniniste, il devient aussi bien l’incarnation du « smart parisian » selon Vogue que de l’avant-garde esthétique. Il est enfin approprié et acclimaté au vestiaire du maréchal Mobutu. Sous l’appellation d’Abacost (À bas le costard), il renvoie à une doctrine vestimentaire imposée par le leader zaïrois à partir de 1972 et visant à affranchir la population de la culture coloniale (symbolisée par le port du costume et de la cravate).
Mode et identités en diplomatie : voyage et ambassade de Louis-Henri de Loménie de Brienne dans l’Europe du Grand Siècle
Authors: Rivière Chloé
Published: June 2023

Les écrits de Brienne concernant son voyage dans l’Europe du Nord révèlent les pratiques de don et les motifs d’achat de pièces vestimentaires ou de parures. Sous la forme de présents, qu’ils soient destinés aux personnalités des cours d’Europe ou aux membres de la cour d’origine du voyageur, les objets de mode se trouvent chargés d’un sens choisi. La circulation de ces objets, favorisée par l’existence de circuits économiques dédiés, revêt une dimension diplomatique et identitaire : outil de négociation et d’affirmation culturelle, le vêtement et les parures achetés ou offerts sont des atouts pour la représentation du prince et celle, plus personnelle, de l’ambassadeur. Une étude détaillée de ces objets dévoile aussi les techniques, les goûts et les stratégies de communication des cours européennes du xvii e  siècle.
Analysis of Posterior Corneal Surgically Induced Astigmatism Following Cataract Surgery With a 1.8-mm Temporal Clear Corneal Incision
Authors: Kane Jack X. , LaHood Benjamin R. , Goggin Michael
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To determine posterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) when using a temporal clear corneal incision and the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) for biometric measurements and to determine whether posterior corneal SIA can be predicted from preoperative data.

Methods:

A total of 258 consecutive eyes of 258 patients underwent cataract surgery with a 1.8-mm temporal clear corneal incision. Biometry measurements were taken preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively using the IOLMaster 700. Using vector analysis, the SIA of the posterior cornea was calculated.

Results:

The centroid of posterior corneal SIA was 0.01 diopters (D) @159 ± 0.14 D. The mean posterior corneal SIA was 0.12 D ± 0.07 D. Posterior corneal SIA magnitude was 0.25 D or less in 95% of patients. There was no correlation found between posterior corneal SIA magnitude and any preoperative measurement.

Conclusions:

The authors suggest not adjusting for posterior corneal SIA if using a small caliber, temporal incision. It was not possible to predict posterior corneal SIA from preoperative biometric measurements.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(6):381–386.]
Precision of Corneal Aberrations Measured by a New SD-OCT/Placido Topographer and Its Agreement With a Scheimpflug/Placido Topographer
Authors: Ning Rui , Niu Lingling , Xing Wenqian , Wan Ting , Huang Xiaomin , Xiahou Jinxuan , Wang Yiran , Savini Giacomo , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Zhou Xingtao , Wang Xiaoying , Huang Jinhai
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the precision of corneal aberrations measured by a new SD-OCT/Placido topographer, the MS-39 (CSO), and to compare them with those provided by a Scheimpflug/Placido device, the Sirius (CSO), in normal eyes.

Methods:

This study enrolled 90 normal eyes of 90 patients. Total root mean square (RMS), higher order RMS, coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, and astigmatism II were analyzed. The within-subject standard deviation (S
w
), test–retest repeatability, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the precision. Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LoAs) were calculated to assess the agreement.

Results:

For intraobserver repeatability of anterior and total corneal aberrations, most of the ICCs were greater than 0.869, except for trefoil and astigmatism II. Regarding the posterior corneal surface, the ICCs of total RMS, coma, and spherical aberration were higher than 0.878, whereas the ICCs of higher order RMS, trefoil, and astigmatism II were lower than 0.626. All test–retest repeatability values were 0.17 µm or less. In terms of interobserver reproducibility, the S
w
values were 0.04 µm or less, Test–retest repeatability values were less than 0.11 µm, and all ICCs ranged from 0.532 to 0.996. Regarding agreement, 95% LoAs were small for all Zernike coefficients, and the mean difference was close to zero.

Conclusions:

The new SD-OCT/Placido device exhibited excellent repeatability and reproducibility for anterior and total surface, whereas total RMS, coma, and spherical aberrations showed high precision on the posterior surface. High agreement was confirmed between the SD-OCT/Placido and Scheimpflug/Placido devices.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(6):405–412.]
Security and Privacy in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
Authors: Kiran Ravi , Kumbhare Ashish , Thakur Piyush Kumar , Mane Shashank
Published: June 2023

IoMT is primarily used to collect very sensitive individual health information; its security and privacy are critical in protecting the patient's life, which may otherwise have a negative impact on the patient's health and, in the worst-case scenario, result in death. This needs a thorough examination of available security and privacy measures in the IoMT space. Medical systems acquire, process, and make vital choices based on critical and sometimes life-threatening health information. Cybercriminals that target the weaknesses in these IoMT devices may be able to acquire unauthorized access to sensitive personal and medical records as well as gain access to the hospital network. Attacks on such linked devices can result in serious health injuries and even death for patients. Numerous threats, assaults, and vulnerabilities that might influence different levels in IoT-based healthcare applications have been studied. Wearable sensing devices were used in most IoT-based healthcare systems, making the applications layer the next highly susceptible layer.
Cancer Diagnosis Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Garse Samiksha , Turabi Khadija Shahab , Aich Jyotirmoi , Ranjan Amit , Nagar Shuchi , Basu Soumya , Devarajan Shine
Published: June 2023

Cancer is an ailment that affects people from all walks of life. It is not age-specific, nor is it gender or race-specific. Affecting the cell cycle of various body parts like the brain, breast, etc., it increases the mortality rate, especially with the barriers in its early stage of detection. The advancement in technology has generated big datasets with high-resolution images. The oncologist's and clinician's diagnosis lacks accuracy, long time intervals, and limited information for advanced clinical care, influencing the survival rate. In the digital era, domain experts are reaping the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. As technology advances, AI and the internet of things (IoT) continue to escalate in the healthcare area, especially in cancer diagnosis. Researchers are looking for novel ways to diagnose cancer without the human-errors and false positives. Hence, the chapter focuses on all these imperative aspects of improved patient outcomes.
An Intelligent Volatile Substance Time of Use Prediction System Using 1D Convolutional Neural Network Classifier
Authors: Kumari Divya , Swetapadma Aleena
Published: June 2023

Volatile substances are chemicals such as inhalants, glues, and solvents which are misused by people. In this work, the time of use of volatile substances is determined using seven personality features and five demographic information. 1D CNN is used for classification whether the user has consumed the volatile substances on last day, last week, last month, last year, or has never consumed. The accuracy obtained is 93.76% which is much higher than all previous studies on volatile substance abuse (VSA).
Blockchain Technology in Renovating Healthcare
Authors: Singh Bhupinder
Published: June 2023

The positive effect of technology on health care is known as digital transformation. Wearable fitness technology, telemedicine, and AI-enabled medical devices are just a few examples of how health care is undergoing a digital transformation. These are intended to revolutionize the health-care industry by improving patient care, streamlining operations, and lowering costs. They are still facing significant challenges in patient data security and privacy, invoicing and payment processing, medical supply chain, and drug integrity. Blockchain technology can absolve the healthcare industry from facing these challenges; it can establish a blockchain of medical records. Blockchain is considered highly secure, transparent, and immune to hackers due to its digital encryption. This article examined the potential of blockchain technology to improve the security, privacy, and interoperability of healthcare data, and it suggested a few advanced uses of blockchain in the health care domain after a thorough analysis of the existing major challenges in the sector.
Digital Technologies and Resources for Learning Under Lockdown
Authors: Bakare Oluwabunmi Dorcas , Okuonghae Nosakhare
Published: June 2023

Digital technologies like smartphones, social media, the internet, software applications, websites, and e-books are redefining the educational landscape, which was accentuated amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter discussed the impact of digital technologies in enabling academic institutions to perform their noble responsibilities in delivering instructions virtually during the lockdown. The effects of using these technologies and the challenges encountered by developing countries in migrating to the digital environment amid the lockdown with particular reference to the educational ecosystem in Nigeria was the focal point in the chapter. Striking among these challenges is the issue of compatibility, the high cost of internet data, inadequate digital literacy skill, and environmental distraction. Thus, it was recommended that administrators of academic institutions and regulatory bodies such as the National Universities Commission (NUC) must provide lecturers and students at all levels with adequate training to ensure operational productivity in the use of digital technologies and resources.
Someone Like Us
Authors: Çizer Ece Özer
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes the development of anthropomorphism research in consumer behavior over the last three decades, with a particular focus on emerging countries. A dataset of 475 articles was collected from the Web of Science database, using the keywords “anthropomorph*” and “consum*”. The study includes graphics related to annual scientific production, corresponding author's country, most cited countries, most relevant sources, word cloud, word tree, trend topics, and thematic map, revealing the visualization technique. The meta-analysis aims to create a comprehensive framework for articles on anthropomorphism in consumer behavior published in the last 30 years, with a specific focus on emerging countries. The study will examine the anthropomorphism studies carried out in these countries separately and make suggestions for anthropomorphism applications that can be applied in consumer behavior in emerging countries, comparing the general findings to those from emerging countries.
Inclusive Education Practices in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hsuan-Ling , Tsuge Masayoshi
Published: June 2023

With a view toward inclusion, Taiwan's special education law has undergone eight amendments since 1984. The learning environment for children with disabilities has also shifted from segregation to integration and inclusion. Currently, the learning environments for special needs education in Taiwan include regular classrooms, resource classrooms, special needs classes, itinerant visits, and special needs schools. To achieve “inclusive education,” Taiwan's elementary and junior high schools are also implementing a variety of approaches. This chapter focuses on “the practice of inclusive education in Taiwan” and discusses the contents of the current “ Taiwanese-type” inclusive education practices and school cases from the development process and status of inclusive education in Taiwan.
Engaging on Common Ground
Authors: Nettleton Kimberely Fletcher , Kessinger Michael W. , Lennex Lesia
Published: June 2023

Educational programs for gifted students are varied, with many schools in the United States using a pullout program to address the needs of students. In spite of these programs, unless gifted students are educated in a school dedicated to their educational needs, gifted students will spend the majority of their time in a mainstream classroom. In this environment, gifted students often languish, becoming bored or losing interest in learning. Classroom teachers and teacher preparation programs can address this waste by purposely creating a program to include gifted student.
Review
Authors: Hadid Alia
Published: June 2023

Navigating higher education is a process that requires knowledge about various guidelines and receiving support from multiple people. Refugees who are new to this journey face numerous challenges and complications that make their experience a harsh and strenuous one. This chapter highlights some issues refugees face when pursuing higher education. It recounts stories shared by refugees residing in different countries about their experiences in higher education and the obstacles they face. In doing so, it provides higher education organizations and practitioners with an all-inclusive idea about the various factors that impact refugees' access to higher education and raises awareness to the measures that need to be taken to provide refugees with the support they need to make higher education more accessible to them. Calling attention to the problems refugees encounter does not only emphasize the harsh reality they live but also accentuates their resilience and provides a lens that allows others to see what refugees can do and how they can set a role model for those undergoing similar situations.
“And Not Any of Us Go to College”
Authors: Hickey M. Gail
Published: June 2023

More than 125,100 refugees from Burma were resettled in the US 2010-2020. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) predicts another 14,000 Burmese will seek asylum in the US during 2023. Burmese refugees arrive with less formal education than other refugee groups and struggle to understand the US educational system, often resulting in students' dropping out. Refugee camp experiences, trauma, difficulty with English, and struggles of the resettlement process present major challenges to US Burmese students seeking higher education experiences. This chapter explores the educational difficulties, challenges, and personal successes of US Burmese refugees living in the Midwestern United States through oral history interviews. The goal of the study is to understand and explore education as it is experienced and perceived by Burmese refugees in the United States and explore existing challenges to their participation in higher education.
Access to Higher Education for the Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Shohel M. Mahruf C. , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Babu Rasel , Akter Tahmina , Tasnim Nazia , Bayezid Asif
Published: June 2023

The Rohingyas, an ethnic minority of Myanmar, have been denied human rights, including citizenship rights. Hostile situations in Rakhine State forced them to flee from their motherland and seek refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh and other countries. This chapter presents the challenges and opportunities of providing higher education for the Rohingya refugees. It also presents the current opportunities for refugee higher education in the South Asian and international contexts. Significant recommendations include simplifying the bureaucratic process concerning their access to higher education, collaborating between the government, donors and overseas universities regarding the Rohingya students' admission to higher education, and providing adequate financial support for higher education. It also suggests organising a teacher development programme to provide education to the Rohingya refugees, ensuring counselling support, and conducting need-based research to formulate appropriate evidence-based policies and curricula for enhancing access to higher education for the Rohingya refugees.
Exploring Global Perspectives on Migration
Authors: Begum Sultana
Published: June 2023

In this study, the researcher used data from the World Values Survey seventh wave to explore attitudes towards migration with a specific focus on the influence of gender, age, and education. By examining perspectives on the impact of migration on the development of countries and the people's attitudes towards allowing migrants or immigrants, the researcher aims to shed light on the complex dynamics of this global phenomenon. Cross-tabulations, mean values, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyse the variance on gender, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to explore variance based on age, education, and countries. The results reveal a striking diversity in respondents' perspectives, shaped by a multitude of factors such as gender, age, educational background, and country of origin. Overall, the implications of this study suggest that policy makers need to adopt a sophisticated and context-specific approach to migration policy, taking into account the complex social and cultural factors that shape attitudes towards migration.
Overview of Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Akhtar Naseem , Rani Malika , Ashraf Sumara , Musaddiq Sara , Munawar Anam , Abbas Waseem
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this introductory chapter is to define the concepts of functional nanomaterials in science and technology. It will also highlight the fundamental characteristics of these materials in research. It also aims at emphasizing the role and importance of functional nanomaterials in various useful aspects. As research is the main tool of creating knowledge, different methods used by researchers are also briefly discussed here. This chapter will also develop a frame of reference for studying the various chapters that follow. These chapters form a modified core of functional nanomaterials and its applications in forensic investigation.
Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Nanomaterials
Authors: Bano Khizra , Munawar Anam
Published: June 2023

With the increasing demand of nanoparticles in various applications, many challenges are also noticed in terms of synthesizing accurately designed nanomaterials. The characteristics to be customized in order to make these nanomaterials useful need characterization and verification using different tools that have certain limitations and significant strengths. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the description of measurement methods that may be applied to nanodimension in order to study their most important physical and chemical features. This chapter will provide a detailed introduction, mechanism of working, and limitations of various characterization tools. Focus will be on giving detail about widely applicable and commonly approachable methods to measure properties that can be categorized in terms of size, size distribution, aggregation, shape, dimension, surface area, composition, surface chemistry, charge, surface potential, and functionally active interactive groups.
Current Challenges and Future Perspective of Nanotechnology in Forensic Investigation
Authors: Akhtar Sareen , Rao Danish , Din Salah Ud
Published: June 2023

Nanotechnology includes different kinds of nano-materials including the nano-composites, nano-hybrid, and nanostructured materials. There are immense and broader views based on pragmatism and cross-fertilization of nanotechnology. Because of the development in nanotechnology, the progression in technical sector is also increasing. Similarly, the role of nanotechnology is increasing in the field of forensic sciences. There are numerous branches of forensics covered by nanotechnology including the trend of nanotechnology enhancing already existing technologies in forensics. In the upcoming era, advanced nanotechnology in instruments for illicit drug screening and fingerprint detection is increasing because nano-based techniques hold an immense future in fingerprinting and security features. Therefore, this chapter offers an application of nanoparticles in numerous areas of forensics.
International Activities in Nano-Forensics
Authors: Abbasi Ahtisham Shuja , Rehman Rahat Abdul , Anwar Amna , Mehak Umme Ammarah
Published: June 2023

Nanotechnology has proven its supremacy with enormous applications to outdated methods in medical, electronic, engineering, and other fields. In forensic science, nanotechnology research has delivered a new viewpoint for real-time crime investigation and established progressive nano sensors, nano-manipulators, and nano-imaging tools for visualization. Often, nanotechnology helps in augmenting and improving the productivity of already existing and applied forensic techniques with high precision, sensitivity, and reducing the time required. So, this chapter reviews international activities in nano forensic in different branches of forensic science (e.g., for inspecting questioned documents, age of bloodstains, and time since death, along with its application in improving PCR efficiency, DNA analysis, and explosive detection). Therefore, in this chapter, an effort has been made to highlight the new outlook or knowledge of nanotechnology with its applications in several divisions of forensic science at an international level.
A influência, a circulação e a reinvenção do pensamento de Paulo Freire na Itália
Authors: Muraca Mariateresa
Published: June 2023

O artigo aprofunda a circulação do pensamento de Paulo Freire na Itália, a partir de uma metodologia bibliográfica baseada na obra de Paulo Freire e de seus estudiosos italianos. Em particular, o objetivo é explorar as relações e os meios que tornaram possível a introdução da pedagogia freiriana na Itália; os contextos com os quais dialogou de maneira mais fecunda; as configurações principais que assumiu sua reinvenção; as práticas e as análises que continua promovendo; os autores que contribuiram, de maneira mais importante, para a sua difusão. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem identificar as continuidades e as mudanças fundamentais que caracterizaram os cinquenta anos transcorridos da primeira publicação da Pedagogia degli Oppressi na Itália em 1971, assim como as direções de estudo mais inovadoras e férteis que se registram na atualidade.
COVID-19 is more dangerous for older people and its severity is increasing
Authors: Mertoglu Cuma , Huyut Mehmet Tahir , Olmez Hasan , Tosun Mustafa , Kantarci Mecit , Coban Taha Abdulkadir
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggers important changes in routine blood tests. In this retrospective case-control study, biochemical, hematological and inflammatory biomarkers between March 10, 2020, and November 30, 2020 from 3969 COVID-19 patients (3746 in the non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) group and 223 in the ICU group) were analyzed by dividing into three groups as spring, summer and autumn. In the non-ICU group, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio was lower in autumn than the other two seasons and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was higher in autumn than the other two seasons. Also, monocyte and platelet were higher in spring than autumn; and eosinophil, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, and red blood cells decreased from spring to autumn. In the non-ICU group, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase gradually increased from spring to autumn, while albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total bilirubin and total protein gradually decreased. Additionally, C-reactive protein was higher in autumn than the other seasons, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher in autumn than summer. The changes in routine blood biomarkers in COVID-19 varied from the emergence of the disease until now. Also, the timely changes of blood biomarkers were mostly more negative, indicating that the disease progresses severely. The study was approved by the Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Non-interventional Clinical Trials Ethic Committee (approval No. 86041) on June 21, 2021.
An Unusual Case of Aortic Leaflet Aneurysm
Authors: Radhakrishnan Shanmugasundaram , Ramakrishna Balavinoth , Muthubaskaran Venkatadevanathan , Annadurai Vishnu Chandrakumar
Published: June 2023

A 45-year-old female who was a known case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on irregular treatment presented with recent onset fever, breathlessness, and clinical features of aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography revealed an aneurysm involving the noncoronary cusp (NCC) of the aortic valve (AV) with probable vegetation attached to the NCC. Repeated fungal and bacterial blood cultures were negative, and the patient continued to have a fever despite empirical antibiotics and antifungals. There was a clinical improvement with steroids; however, in view of recurrent heart failure, she was proposed for AV replacement. Intraoperatively, pericardial layers were noted to be thickened and adherent; thus, she underwent pericardiectomy, followed by AV replacement. Histopathology and microbiological evaluation of the excised specimen showed features compatible with RA as a cause for cardiac involvement. Culture-negative endocarditis needs meticulous evaluation to rule out fastidious bacteria, fungi and rare pathogens, as well as noninfective causes. RA occasionally mimics infective endocarditis and can cause significant cardiac structural derangements.
The value of machine learning for prognosis prediction of diphenhydramine exposure: National analysis of 50,000 patients in the United States
Authors: Mehrpour Omid , Saeedi Farhad , Abdollahi Jafar , Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Goss Foster
Published: June 2023

Background:

Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an antihistamine medication that in overdose can result in anticholinergic symptoms and serious complications, including arrhythmia and coma. We aimed to compare the value of various machine learning (ML) models, including light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), logistic regression (LR), and random forest (RF), in the outcome prediction of DPH poisoning.

Materials and Methods:

We used the National Poison Data System database and included all of the human exposures of DPH from January 01, 2017 to December 31, 2017, and excluded those cases with missing information, duplicated cases, and those who reported co-ingestion. Data were split into training and test datasets, and three ML models were compared. We developed confusion matrices for each, and standard performance metrics were calculated.

Results:

Our study population included 53,761 patients with DPH exposure. The most common reasons for exposure, outcome, chronicity of exposure, and formulation were captured. Our results showed that the average precision-recall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84. LGBM and RF had the highest performance (average AUC of 0.91), followed by LR (average AUC of 0.90). The specificity of the models was 87.0% in the testing groups. The precision of models was 75.0%. Recall (sensitivity) of models ranged between 73% and 75% with an F1 score of 75.0%. The overall accuracy of LGBM, LR, and RF models in the test dataset was 74.8%, 74.0%, and 75.1%, respectively. In total, just 1.1% of patients (mostly those with major outcomes) received physostigmine.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates the application of ML in the prediction of DPH poisoning.
Lo precario en la fotografía de prensa
Authors: Abreu Sojo Carlos
Published: June 2023

En "Lo precario en la fotografía de prensa", Carlos Abreu, doctor en Ciencias de la Información por la Universidad de La Laguna y profesor asociado de la Escuela de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, nos habla de las limitaciones del mensaje fotográfico de prensa. Desde los enunciados de Roman Gubern hasta las teorías de la comunicación no verbal son empleados para sustentar el planteamiento, sin dejar de mencionar aspectos influyentes como el universo personal y la ideología del autor; el contexto en el que debe "leerse" una imagen, algunas "trampas" de los reporteros gráficos y editores, así como la inevitable intersección de códigos en dicho mensaje.
Impact of COVID-19 on Outpatient Malnutrition Centers in Urban and Rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Paul , Pietra Virginio , Schumacher Richard Fabian
Published: June 2023

Although the numbers of SARS–CoV-2 infections and related deaths are relatively low in sub-Saharan Africa, the pandemic might lead to a high indirect death toll there. We determined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of malnourished children in urban and rural areas. We analyzed data from two Centers for Rehabilitation, Education & Nutrition (CRENs), one in the capital and one in a rural center, both run by the Camillian Fathers. We compared data from the year before the pandemic (2019) with the first 2 years during the pandemic (2020/2021). In the urban CREN, there was a sharp reduction in new patients enrolled, from 340 in the pre-pandemic year to 189 during the first pandemic year and 202 in the second year. The follow-up was significantly shorter during the first pandemic year, with a rebound in the second year (pre: 57 days versus 42 and 63 days for the first and second years, respectively). In the rural CREN, the situation was different: The numbers of patients did not show any significant variation between the pre-pandemic year (191) and the first and second pandemic years (223 and 179, respectively). Different perceptions of the pandemic in urban (high, more testing, more COVID) and rural (low, less information and testing) areas may partly explain this difference. The discrepancy between the decreasing numbers of malnourished children in specialized care during the pandemic—especially in the urban area—is contrary to the lockdown-induced increase in food insecurity and warrants attention to avoid an increase in the silent epidemic of malnourished children in Africa.
Study of Surface Insulation Structures to Reduce Cooling Loss in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
Authors: Kawaharazuka Fumihiro , Uchida Noboru
Published: June 2023

Cooling loss reduction is essential to enable further increases in thermal efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines. Many in-cylinder cooling loss reduction studies have been carried out by applying various thermal barrier coatings to the piston and/or other in-cylinder surfaces, taking advantage of the lower thermal effusivity of ceramic materials. However, the end result was mostly minimal or in some cases, negative. In our previous study, significant cooling loss reduction was experimentally confirmed by utilizing a mirror-like polished stainless-steel thermal sprayed surface (HVOF: high velocity oxy-fuel) on a forged steel piston. This study firstly investigated an alternative insulating layer material to stainless-steel, along with effects of its thickness on heat transfer by a one-dimensional unsteady numerical model. Results showed that lower thermal effusivity doesn’t always reduce heat transfer, but increases nonuniformity of surface temperature. Next, a modified insulation structure composed of a thin aluminum coating overlayed by physical vapor deposition (PVD: physical vapor deposition) on a stainless-steel layer of both the piston and cylinder head, was tested in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine. Aluminum was initially selected due to its high reflectance, to reduce absorption of flame radiation, but selectively absorb it at soot deposits, where the flame interacts with the wall, and reduce local convection. Experimental results suggested that higher surface temperatures of exposed areas are caused by better heat conduction outward from hot spots during and after the combustion period, through the aluminum coating. Such surface temperature equalization could also result in further reduction of cycle-integrated heat transfer.
Emprego de reveladores oxirredutores e de leitura automatizada na determinação da atividade de fármacos em bactérias de importância médica
Authors: Miranda Ana Beatriz , Reinert Luiz Henrique , Meneguello Jean Eduardo , Ieque Andressa Lorena , Siqueira Vera Lucia Dias , Scodro Regiane Bertin de Lima , Cardoso Rosilene Fressatti , Caleffi-Ferracioli Katiany Rizzieri
Published: June 2023

As Infecções do Trato Urinário (ITU) são infecções bacterianas frequentes no Brasil, sendo os bacilos Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus os mais incidentes. Diante do cenário pandêmico causado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, as infecções hospitalares ganharam destaque, já que foram consideradas agravantes da doença e aumentaram a mortalidade. Neste contexto, é indispensável o diagnóstico rápido e assertivo, a fim de se reduzirem custos, erros terapêuticos e desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes pelo uso inadequado de antimicrobianos. O perfil de sensibilidade a antibacterianos é determinado pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (doravante, CIM), de modo que o resultado é obtido a partir da observação a “olho nu” de turvação das microplacas. Tal técnica tem sido aprimorada com o uso de reveladores oxirredutores que ajudam a facilitar a interpretação dos resultados por meio da alteração de cor. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de três corantes incorporados na CIM para as bactérias E. coli e S. aureus, com o intuito de adotá-los na rotina laboratorial e proporcionar um melhor custo-benefício, bem como uma leitura mais apropriada. A visualização foi baseada na mudança de cor dos corantes e na análise das absorbâncias emitidas por espectrofotômetro, as quais foram utilizadas em cálculos específicos para elaboração de figuras. Os resultados mostraram que, no tempo mínimo de 40 minutos, foi possível determinar a CIM das bactérias acima descritas e a conclusão de que os reveladores e a leitura automatizada facilitam a interpretação do crescimento bacteriano.
DEUTERIUM RETENTION IN N-SEEDED AND UNSEEDED TUNGSTEN LAYERS OBTAINED WITH DCMS AND M-HIPIMS TECHNIQUE
Authors:   National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest 077125, Romania, Pompilian Oana Gloria , Dinca Paul ,   Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania, 077125, Romania, Burducea Ion ,   “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN HH, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania, Baiasu Flaviu ,   National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest 077125, Romania;Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania, 077125, Romania, Staicu Cornel ,   “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN HH, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania;National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest 077125, Romania
Published: June 2023

The retention of hydrogen isotopes in tungsten co-deposited layers is a subject severely understudied in the literature compared to hydrogen isotope implantation in bulk tungsten specimens. However, impurity seeding in future next-generation fusion devices can reduce the sputtering threshold of tungsten and potentially increase the contribution of the tungsten layers to the global tritium retention problem. This paper reports on the development of fusion-relevant tungsten-deuterium and nitrogen-seeded tungsten deuterium layers using direct current (DCMS) and multipulse high-power impulse magnetron sputtering techniques (HiPIMS). The four layers resulting from co-deposition in argon-deuterium and argon-deuterium-nitrogen atmosphere were investigated from the deuterium retention and release point of view. Supplementary the crystalline structure of all samples and particularly the composition of the nitrogen-seeded layers were also studied. The tungsten-deuterium layers produced using m-HiPIMS technology showed a higher crystalline coherence compared to layers deposited with DCMS in part owned to the enhanced ion bombardment of the forming layers during deposition. On the other hand, the nitrogen-seeded layers showed without exception the formation of the tungsten-nitride compound. Here on the contrary the crystalline coherence as revealed by X-ray diffraction measurements measurement showed that nitride formation is favored for DCMS compared with m-HiPIMS. The elemental areal densities of the layer constituents were analyzed using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. In this case, only the two nitrogen-seeded layers were analyzed revealing that a higher nitrogen content by a factor of ~2 is retained in DCMS deposited layer compared to HiPIMS.The release of deuterium was higher in the case of m-HiPIMS layers and it was shown that despite the deposition method the release behavior occurs predominantly at temperatures above 800 K suggesting a high energy trapping of deuterium in tungsten layers. Nitrogen seeding influences both the retention mechanisms and increases the deuterium retention by two orders of magnitude in seeded layers compared to unseeded ones.