bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Interaction between Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex during Memory Guided Saccades
Authors: Hall Nathan J. , Colby Carol L. , Olson Carl R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) are linked to each other by direct reciprocal connections and by numerous pathways that traverse other areas. The nature of the functional coordination mediated by the interconnecting pathways is not well understood. To cast light on this issue, we simultaneously monitored neuronal activity in DLPFC (areas FEF and 8a) and PPC (areas LIP and 7a) while monkeys performed a memory guided saccade task. On measuring the spike-count correlation, a measure of the tendency for firing rates to covary across trials, we found that the DLPFC-PPC correlation became negative at the time of the saccade if and only if the neurons had matching spatial preferences and the target was at their mutually preferred location. The push-pull coordination underlying the negative spike-count correlation may help to ensure that saccadic commands emanating from DLPFC and PPC sum a constant value.

Significance

Anatomical pathways linking cortical areas that mediate executive control are thought to mediate coordination between them. We know very little, however, about the principles that govern this coordination. In the present study, we addressed this issue by recording simultaneously from neuronal populations in prefrontal and parietal cortex while monkeys performed memory guided saccades. We found a clear sign of coordination. Prefrontal and parietal neurons encoding a given saccade engage in a push-pull interaction during its execution. If parietal neurons are more active, prefrontal neurons are less active and vice versa. We suggest that this is a manifestation of a general principle whereby commands emanating from DLPFC and PPC are coordinated so as to sum a constant value.
Resting-State Connectivity of Auditory and Reward Systems in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wang Diana , Belden Alexander , Hanser Suzanne , Geddes Maiya R. , Loui Psyche
Published: March 2020

Music-based interventions have become increasingly widely adopted for dementia and related disorders. Previous research shows that music engages reward-related regions through functional connectivity with the auditory system. Here we characterize intrinsic connectivity of the auditory and reward systems in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - a predementia phase of cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using resting-state fMRI data from the Alzheimer’s Database Neuroimaging Initiative, we tested functional connectivity within and between auditory and reward systems in older adults with MCI, AD, and age-matched healthy controls (N=105). Seed-based correlations were assessed from regions of interest (ROIs) in the auditory network, i.e. anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG), posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), Heschl’s Gyrus, and reward network (i.e., nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, and orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]). AD individuals were lower in both within-network and between-network functional connectivity in the auditory network and reward networks compared to MCI and healthy controls. Furthermore, graph theory analyses showed that MCI individuals had higher clustering, local efficiency, degrees, and strengths than both AD individuals and healthy controls. Together, the auditory and reward systems show preserved within- and between-network connectivity in MCI relative to AD. These results suggest that music-based interventions have the potential to make an early difference in individuals with MCI, due to the preservation of functional connectivity in reward-related regions and between auditory and reward networks at that initial stage of neurodegeneration.
The integrated stress response induces R-loops and hinders replication fork progression
Authors: Choo Josephine Ann Mun Yee , Schlösser Denise , Manzini Valentina , Magerhans Anna , Dobbelstein Matthias
Published: March 2020

The integrated stress response (ISR) allows cells to rapidly shut down most of their protein synthesis in response to protein misfolding, amino acid deficiency, or virus infection. These stresses trigger the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, which prevents the initiation of translation. Here we show that triggering the ISR drastically reduces the progression of DNA replication forks within one hour, thus flanking the shutdown of protein synthesis with immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis. DNA replication is restored by compounds that inhibit eIF2alpha kinases or re-activate eIF2alpha. Mechanistically, the translational shutdown blocks histone synthesis, promoting the formation of DNA:RNA hybrids (R-loops) which interfere with DNA replication. Histone depletion alone induces R-loops and compromises DNA replication. Conversely, histone overexpression or R-loop removal by RNaseH1 each restores DNA replication in the context of ISR and histone depletion. In conclusion, the ISR rapidly stalls DNA synthesis through histone deficiency and R-loop formation. We propose that this shutdown mechanism prevents potentially detrimental DNA replication in the face of cellular stresses.

SIGNIFICANCE

The integrated stress response has long been explored regarding its immediate impact on protein synthesis. Translational shutdown represents an indispensable mechanism to prevent the toxicity of misfolded proteins and virus infections. Our results indicate that the shutdown mechanisms reach far beyond translation and immediately interfere with DNA synthesis as well. ISR depletes cells of new histones which induce accumulation of DNA:RNA hybrids. The impairment of DNA replication in this context supports cell survival during stress.

Our work provides a link between the ISR and another subject of active research, i. e. the regulatory network of DNA replication forks.

Graphical Abstract
Aberrant axonal pathfinding and exuberant myelination in an inducible model of neocortical heterotopia
Authors: Li Alice M. , Hill Robert A. , Grutzendler Jaime
Published: March 2020

Neocortical heterotopia consist of ectopic neuronal clusters that are frequently found in individuals with cognitive disability and epilepsy. However, their pathogenesis remains poorly understood due in part to a lack of tractable animal models. We have developed an inducible model of focal heterotopia that enables their precise spatiotemporal control and high-resolution optical imaging in live mice. Here we report that heterotopia are associated with striking patterns of hypermyelinated and circumferentially projecting axons around neuronal clusters. Despite their aberrant axonal patterns,in vivocalcium imaging revealed that heterotopic neurons remain functionally connected to other brain regions, highlighting their potential to influence global neural networks. These aberrant patterns only form when heterotopia are induced during a critical embryonic temporal window, but not in early postnatal development. Our model provides a new way to investigate heterotopia formationin vivoand revealed features suggesting the existence of developmentally-modulated, neuron-derived axon guidance and myelination factors.
Striatin is required for hearing and affects inner hair cells and ribbon synapses
Authors: Nadar Ponniah Prathamesh Thangaraj , Taiber Shahar , Caspi Michal , Koffler-Brill Tal , Dror Amiel A. , Rubinstein Moran , Lang Richard A. , Avraham Karen B. , Rosin-Arbesfeld Rina
Published: March 2020

Striatin, a subunit of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, is a core member of the conserved striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes. The protein is expressed in the cell junctions between epithelial cells, which play a role in maintaining cell-cell junctional integrity. Since adhesion is crucial for the function of the mammalian inner ear, we examined the localization and function of striatin in the mouse cochlea. Our results show that in neonatal mice, striatin is specifically expressed in the cell-cell junctions of the inner hair cells, the receptor cells in the mammalian cochlea. Auditory brainstem response measurements of striatin-deficient mice indicated a progressive, high-frequency hearing loss, suggesting that striatin is essential for normal hearing. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs of the organ of Corti revealed a moderate degeneration of the outer hair cells in the middle and basal regions, concordant with the high-frequency hearing loss. Importantly, striatin-deficient mice show aberrant ribbon synapse maturation that may lead to the observed auditory impairment. Together, these results suggest a novel function for striatin in the mammalian auditory system.
Erythropoietin production by the kidney and the liver in response to severe hypoxia evaluated by Western blotting with deglycosylation
Authors: Yasuoka Yukiko , Fukuyama Takashi , Izumi Yuichiro , Nakayama Yushi , Inoue Hideki , Yanagita Kengo , Oshima Tomomi , Yamazaki Taiga , Uematsu Takayuki , Kobayashi Noritada , Shimada Yoshitaka , Nagaba Yasushi , Mukoyama Masashi , Yamashita Tetsuro , Sato Yuichi , Kawahara Katsumasa , Nonoguchi Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

The detection of erythropoietin (Epo) protein by Western blotting has required pre-purification of the sample. We developed a new Western blot method to detect plasma and urinary Epo using deglycosylation. Epo in urine and tissue and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in urine were directly detected by our Western blotting. Plasma Epo and ESAs were detected by our Western blotting after deglycosylation. The broad bands of Epo and ESAs were shifted to 22 kDa by deglycosylation except PEG-bound epoetin β pegol. The 22 kDa band from anemic patient urine was confirmed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) to contain human Epo.

Sever hypoxia (7% O2,4 hr) caused a 400-fold increase in deglycosylated Epo expression in rat kidneys, which is consistent with the increases in both Epo gene expression and plasma Epo concentration. Immunohistochemistry showed Epo expression in nephrons but not in interstitial cells under control conditions, and hypoxia increased Epo expression in interstitial cells but not in tubules.

These data show that intrinsic Epo and all ESAs can be detected by Western blot either directly in urine or after deglycosylation in blood, and that the kidney is the main and sole site of Epo production in control and severe hypoxia. Our method will completely change Epo doping and detection.
Drosophila estrogen-related receptor directs a transcriptional switch that supports adult glycolysis and lipogenesis
Authors: Beebe Katherine , Robins Marcy M. , Hernandez Edgar J. , Lam Geanette , Horner Michael A. , Thummel Carl S.
Published: March 2020

Metabolism and development must be closely coupled to meet the changing physiological needs of each stage in the life cycle. The molecular mechanisms that link these pathways, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila estrogen-related receptor (dERR) directs a transcriptional switch in mid-pupae that promotes glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in young adults. dERR mutant adults are viable but display reduced locomotor activity, susceptibility to starvation, elevated glucose, and an almost complete lack of stored triglycerides. Molecular profiling by RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and metabolomics revealed that glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway genes are induced by dERR, and their reduced expression in mutants is accompanied by elevated glycolytic intermediates, reduced TCA cycle intermediates, and reduced levels of long chain fatty acids. Unexpectedly, we found that the central pathways of energy metabolism, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and electron transport chain, are coordinately induced at the transcriptional level in mid-pupae and maintained into adulthood, and this response is partially dependent on dERR, leading to the metabolic defects observed in mutants. Our data support the model that dERR contributes to a transcriptional switch during pupal development that establishes the metabolic state of the adult fly.
Modelling the behavioural intentions of day spa customers
Authors: Clemes Michael Daniel , Dean David L. , Thitiya Thongkern
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This research develops and tests a comprehensive hierarchical model of the behavioural intentions of day spa customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary data was collected from the customers of 17 day spas throughout Thailand. EFA and SEM were used to analyse the data and test the interrelationships among service quality, customer satisfaction, perceived value, perceived switching costs and behavioural intentions. A third-order conceptualisation of service quality is also included in the modelling framework.

Findings

Customer satisfaction is the key determinant of behavioural intentions. Service quality and perceived value are two important descriptors of customer satisfaction. Service quality is the most important determinant of customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction is the most significant antecedent of behavioural intentions. Service quality is a significant determinant of perceived value and perceived switching costs. Customer satisfaction plays a partial mediating role on the relationship between service quality and behavioural intentions and between perceived value and behavioural intentions.

Originality/value

There is a conceptual gap in the literature as no published empirical research on the day spa industry has comprehensively modelled the behavioural intentions of day spa customers. The comprehensive hierarchical modelling approach used in this study provides a complete and integrative analysis of the constructs under investigation in a day spa context and closes the research gap.
OSD
Authors: Hamidavi Tofigh , Abrishami Sepehr , Ponterosso Pasquale , Begg David , Nanos Nikos
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to leverage the importance of the integrated automatic structural design for tall buildings at the early stage. It proposes to use an automatic prototype to perform the structural design, analysis and optimisation in a building information modelling (BIM)-based platform. This process starts with extracting the required information from the architectural model in Revit Autodesk, such as boundary conditions and designs different options of the structural models in Robot Autodesk. In this process, Dynamo for Revit is used to define the mathematical functions to use different variables and generate various structural models. The paper aims to expand the domain of automation in the BIM platform to reduce the iterative process in different areas such as conceptual structural design and collaboration between architects and structural engineers to reduce the time and cost at the early stages.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper begins with an exploratory research by adopting a qualitative methodology and using open-ended questions to achieve more information about the phenomenon of automation and interoperability between structural engineers and architects and gain new insight into this area. Furthermore, correlation research is used by adopting quantitative and short questions to compare the proposed prototype with the traditional process of the structural design and optimisation and the interoperability between architects and engineers and consequently, validate the research.

Findings

As an outcome of the research, a structural design optimisation (SDO) prototype was developed to semi-automate the structural design process of tall buildings at the early stages. Moreover, the proposed prototype can be used during the early stage of structural design in different areas such as residential buildings, bridges, truss, reinforced concrete detailing, etc. Moreover, comprehensive literature regarding using automation in structural design, optimisation process and interoperability between architects and engineers is conducted that provides a new insight to contribute to future research and development.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the time limit, the paper results may lack in a comprehensive automatic structural design process. Therefore, the researchers are encouraged to expand the workability of the prototype for a comprehensive automatic design check such as automatic design for the minimum deflection, displacement of different types of buildings.

Practical implications

The prototype includes implications for the development of different automatic designs.

Originality/value

The focus of this paper is the optimisation of the structural design in the BIM platform by using automation. This combination is one of the novelties of this paper, and the existing literature has a very limited amount of information and similar work in this area, especially interoperability between architects and engineers.
Cultural intelligence as a predictor of expatriate managers turnover intention and creative self-efficacy
Authors: AlMazrouei Hanan , Zacca Robert
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ) and job satisfaction and its effect on creative self-efficacy and turnover intention within the expatriate manager community of the UAE.

Design/methodology/approach

The study proposes a theoretical model that was tested using a survey instrument administered to expatriate managers working in multi-national organizations in Dubai’s Jabal Ali Free Trade Zone.

Findings

The results show that job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between CQ and turnover intention. Furthermore, the results indicate that job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between CQ and creative self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The study contributions to the literature on international business by examining how expatriate manager’s job satisfaction is affected by CQ and its effect on turnover intention and creative self-efficacy within the expatriate manager context, which is seldom investigated.
Study on the effect of length–short side ratio on the fatigue performance of the rib girder bridge's carriageway slab
Authors: Yu Tianlai , Zhang Linlin , Liu Zizheng
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The fatigue problems of the carriageway slabs of reinforced concrete rib-beam bridges were studied. The analysis of the carriageway slabs could not achieve the actual stress state.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on this characteristic, the reinforced concrete T-beam group structure system was taken as the research object. Four scale models of the carriageway slabs of reinforced concrete ribbed bridges were designed. The fatigue failure modes and actual fatigue resistance of the carriageway slabs with different length-to-side ratios were systematically studied through static load and fatigue experiments. Based on this, the concrete damage plasticity model (CDP model) was combined with numerical simulation analysis to study the influence of the length-to-short-side ratio of the carriageway slab on the fatigue performance and the remaining bearing capacity.

Findings

The results show that the fatigue failure of the carriageway slab is a three-stage failure; the ratio of the long and short sides has a significant effect on the fatigue performance of the carriageway slab. Under the same fatigue load level, the smaller the ratio of the long and short sides of the carriageway slab.

Originality/value

The fatigue resistance of the unidirectional board is significantly lower than that of the bidirectional board. It is recommended to use the bidirectional board in actual engineering design.
Steady performance and dynamic characteristics of a superellipse groove dry gas seal at a high-speed condition
Authors: Kou Guiyue , Li Xinghu , Wang Yan , Lin Mouyou , Tan Chunsen , Mou Mingfei
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to enhance film stiffness and control seal leakage of conventional spiral groove dry gas seal (S-DGS) at a high-speed condition by introducing a new type superellipse surface groove.

Design/methodology/approach

The steady-state performance and dynamic characteristics of superellipse groove dry gas seal and S-DGS are compared numerically at a high-speed condition. The optimized superellipse grooves for maximum steady-state film stiffness and dynamic stiffness coefficient are obtained.

Findings

Properly designed superellipse groove dry gas seal provides remarkable larger steady-state film stiffness, dynamic stiffness coefficient and lower leakage rate at a high-speed condition compared to a typical S-DGS. The optimal values of first superellipse coefficient for maximum steady and dynamic stiffness are 1.3 and 1.4, whereas the optimal values of second superellipse coefficient for which are 1.4 and 2.0, respectively.

Originality/value

A new type of molded line, namely, superellipse curve, is proposed to act as the boundary lines of surface groove of dry gas seal, as an alternative of typical logarithm helix. The conclusions provide references for surface groove design with larger stiffness and lower leakage rate at a high-speed condition.
A conceptual model of flipped classroom adoption in medical higher education
Authors: Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Maserat Elham , Ranjbaran Fatemeh
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Flipped classroom (FC) is a potential approach that encourages active learning and enhances student performance while reducing the failure rate in education. This study was carried out to present the conceptual model of FC adoption by students in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

This was a cross-sectional study in which 110 medical students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling methods as the sample population. An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) was applied to determine the students’ intention concerning the FC adoption. A research-based questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which have been approved, was used as the data collection instrument. The data was analyzed by SPSS v16, IBM. Correlation and regression methods have been used in the empirical study. Finally, the authorized model was presented.

Findings

The data show that subjective norms and perceived enjoyment have a direct and significant effect on perceived usefulness of the FC approach (ß = 0.32, P-value < 0.05), (ß = 0.7, P-value < 0.01). Also, we found that perceived usefulness (ß = 0.67, P-value < 0.01), perceived ease of use (ß = 0.51, P-value < 0.01) and self-efficacy (ß = 0.43, P-value < 0.01) have a direct and significant effect on FC adoption.

Practical implications

This study extended TAM and presented a validity model to elucidate student’s behavior concerning FC acceptance. Also, in this study, five determinant factors that affect successful adoption of FC have been clearly identified. The authors found that the new approach of learning such as FC should be an effective, attractive and enjoyable method.

Originality/value

The findings of this study should be considered when successful implementation of FC is in progress.
A qualitative study of students' perspective on e-learning adoption in India
Authors: Phutela Nidhi , Dwivedi Sunita
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper will try to uncover how e-learning is giving a new shape to the education industry. Also, it will encompass the students' perspective and experience of e-learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to intensely scrutinize the lived-in experiences of the participants. In the present study, the respondents were selected from Delhi NCR of India. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the primary data to understand the student's perspectives on the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) in education industry.

Findings

The findings have been grouped under two sections referred to as “themes,” which include “drivers for e-learning adoption” and “inhibitors which restrict the adoption of e-learning.”

Practical implications

At present, India does not have a big market for e-learning, but there is huge potential in the country. The present study may be helpful for the educational institutions in India and in similar developing countries in understanding the students' perspectives on e-learning adoption. The educational institutions may improve their systems accordingly so that they can not only retain the students of their own countries but also attract students from other countries for further education.

Social implications

E-learning can be employed to give users quick access to ideas and experiences from a wide range of people, communities, and the cultures to increase the tangibility.

Originality/value

The study will be useful to the policymakers in the higher education sector of developing nations like India, in understanding the students' mindsets. This study makes a contribution to the growing literature on e-learning, where the researchers have determined the relative importance of various motivating and inhibiting factors which influence the adoption of e-learning. Additionally, the study has used IPA as the methodology to determine the factors, which is a novel contribution.
Exploring students perspectives on learning by teaching
Authors: Bergande Bianca , Weilemann Erica , Brune Philipp
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The perception of the learning-by-teaching method has been investigated in an Information Systems Engineering course to explore the critical factors for its perception and acceptance by students.

Design/methodology/approach

The students' perception of the learning-by-teaching method in a course on Web Engineering is analyzed by qualitative interviews in this research paper.

Findings

The results indicate that it is considered beneficial as long as the students are motivated to participate in the setting, understand why they have to work out their own solution and feel enabled to meet the requirements.

Practical implication

This study provides valuable information what is critical for the success of this didactic method, including practical implications.

Originality/value

This study provides an in-depth case study and shows that a clear structure and additional sources through professionals and peers are vital for project-oriented group work in higher education.
Organisation matters: towards an organisational sociology of science communication
Authors: Rödder Simone
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper looks at science communication through an organisational lens with the aim of assessing the relevance of different organisational forms for science communication.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores science communication in different organisational forms. Based on conceptual considerations and by reviewing existing empirical literature, the paper selects and compares three organisational forms of science communication: the editorial office of a daily newspaper, the press office of a university and the Science Media Centre.

Findings

The paper shows the relevance of organisation for science communication by comparing three organisational forms. The first two, the science news desk and the press office, have the character of a sub-system of an organisation, while the third, the Science Media Centre, forms its own organisation. The paper shows how the respective set-up shapes science-media contacts with a focus on the occurrence and resolution of conflicts.

Research limitations/implications

The paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying science communication through an organisational lens but leaves comparative empirical studies of all types to future research. Yet, it outlines and compares implications of the formal organisation of science communication from a conceptual point of view.

Practical implications

The findings provide information on the structural impact of different organisational forms on science communication and point to where conflicting expectations, and thus potential conflicts, are most likely to occur in each case. A reflection of structurally conflicting expectations and how they can be overcome in specific situations is of high practical value for all science communication activities.

Originality/value

Organisational theorists have long argued that organisations are the key to understanding society. Despite their undoubted relevance, however, organisations and their influence on science communication have so far been much less analysed – both conceptually and empirically – than its contents, its practices and its impacts on public understanding, public policy, and on science and scientists. The paper contributes to the emerging field with conceptual considerations towards an organisational sociology of science communication.
The effect of organizational memory on organizational agility
Authors: Cegarra-Navarro Juan-Gabriel , Martelo-Landroguez Silvia
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Intellectual capital includes what employees know and the agility to search and retrieve knowledge (organizational agility). Organizational agility could be seen as the result of using validated routines and protocols (knowledge application), but also as the result of using unproven theories, rumors, colloquial expressions, or sayings (counter-knowledge), which means that organizational memory may enable both the application of good knowledge and the mitigation of counter-knowledge. This study examines the links between a firm's organizational memory, counter-knowledge, knowledge application, and organizational agility.

Design/methodology/approach

Using SmartPLS 3.2.8 in a sample of 112 companies, the following questions were addressed: Does the improvement of organizational memory result in the growth of organizational agility? Does the growth of counter-knowledge and knowledge application at the same time hinder the enhancement of organizational agility?

Findings

The results support that organizational memory not only enhances the application of gained knowledge but also allows the spreading of rumors, gossip, and inappropriate or false beliefs (counter-knowledge). Furthermore, results support that the knowledge that emerges from the development in parallel or simultaneous of counter-knowledge and knowledge application provides bad references, which will lead to a degradation of organizational agility.

Practical implications

When supporting organizational agility, managers should be conscious of the urgency of counteracting the misuse of counter-knowledge.

Originality/value

These findings make an important contribution to what is potentially a barrier to innovation and creativity, helping managers overcome the problems associated with misunderstandings or wrong assumptions derived from counter-knowledge.
Transformative value and the role of involvement in gamification and serious games for well-being
Authors: Mulcahy Rory Francis , Zainuddin Nadia , Russell-Bennett Rebekah
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the use of gamification and serious games as transformative technologies that encourage health and well-being behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transformative value that can be created by gamified apps and serious games and the role involvement plays between transformative value and desired outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Four gamified apps/serious games were examined in the study, with data collected from N = 497 participants. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that gamified apps and serious games can create three transformative value dimensions – knowledge, distraction, and simulation – which can have direct and indirect effects on desired outcomes. Examination of competing models revealed involvement plays a mediating rather than a moderating role for gamification and serious games for well-being.

Originality/value

This research contributes greater understanding of how technology can be leveraged to deliver transformative gamification services. It demonstrates the multiple transformative value dimensions that can be created by gamified apps and serious games, which assist the performance of well-being behaviors and which have yet to be theorized or empirically examined. The study also establishes the mediating rather than the moderating role of involvement in gamification and serious games, as called for in the literature.
Searching the great metadata timeline
Authors: Kalita Deepjyoti , Deka Dipen
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to make a systematic review of the library metadata development history listing out the most significant landmarks and influencing events from Thomas Bodley's rules to the latest BIBFRAME architecture, compare their significance and suitability in the modern-day Web environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Four time divisions were identified, namely pre-1900 era, 1900–1950, post-1950 to pre-Web era and post-Web era based on pre-set information available to the authors regarding catalogue rules. Under these four divisions, relevant information sources regarding the purpose of the study were identified; various metadata standards released at different times were consulted.

Findings

Library catalogue standards have undergone transitive changes from one form to another primarily influenced by the changing work environment and different forms of resource availability in libraries. Modern-day metadata standards are influenced by the opportunities provided by the World Wide Web towards libraries and work as a suitable base for data organisation at par with Semantic Web standards.

Research limitations/implications

Information organisation processes have gone towards a more data-centric approach than earlier document-centric nature in current Semantic Web environment. Libraries had to make a move in this process, and modern-day guidelines in this regard bring the possibility of large-scale discovery services through curated information resources.

Originality/value

The study discovers relationships between key events in the course of development of metadata standards and provides suggestions and predictions regarding it's future developments.
Insights for luxury retailers to reach customers globally
Authors: Jebarajakirthy Charles , Yadav Rambalak , Shankar Amit
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether customer intention to purchase luxury products from the online stores of fashion luxury retailers varies depending on their degree of corporate image and showrooming strategy, when the retailers do not have a wider store network in the region where customers live.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based, between-subject experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

Findings showed that both building corporate image and showrooms are effective in enhancing customer intention to purchase from online stores, without widely increasing the number of stores; however, building corporate image is more useful to high corporate-image retailers and showrooms are more appealing to low corporate-image retailers.

Practical implications

The findings are useful to fashion luxury retailers, particularly those based in Western countries who seek to target customers in other regions, particularly those in developing countries.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on online fashion luxury consumption and multichannel retailing.
Moderating effects of socio-cultural values on pro-environmental behaviors
Authors: Koon Olivia , Chan Ricky Y.K. , Sharma Piyush
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to explain the discrepancy between pro-environmental intentions and behaviors with moderating effects of two socio-cultural values (espoused individualism and faith in others) on the link between intentions and actual behaviors to save electricity.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey of 303 consumers in Hong Kong with a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data to test all the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

Attitude toward saving electricity has a significant positive effect on the intentions to save electricity, but subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have no such effect on intentions but do positively affect the actual electricity saving behavior. Finally, the link between intentions and behavior to save electricity is negatively moderated by espoused individualism and positively by faith in others.

Research limitations/implications

This study was conducted with a sample of consumers in Hong Kong; hence, its findings may not be generalizable to other countries.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into the link between pro-environmental intentions and behaviors by looking beyond the theory of planned behavior and exploring the moderating role of socio-cultural values on the intention-behavior link.
Social network influences on employee responses to organizational withdrawals
Authors: Siedlok Frank , Hibbert Paul , Whitehurst Fiona
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a more detailed understanding of how embedding in different social networks relates to different types of action that individuals choose in the context of organizational closures, downsizing or relocations. To develop such insights, this paper focuses on three particular types of social networks, namely, intra-organizational; external professional and local community networks. These three types of networks have been frequently related to different types of action in the context of closures and relocations.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper. The authors develop the argument by integrating relevant recent literature on the salience related to embedding in different types of social networks, with a particular focus on responses to organizational closure or relocation.

Findings

The authors argue that at times of industrial decline and closure: embeddedness in intra-organizational networks can favor collective direct action; embeddedness in professional networks is likely to favor individual direct action and embeddedness in community networks can lead to individual indirect action. The authors then add nuance to the argument by considering a range of complicating factors that can constrain or enable the course (s) of action favored by particular combinations of network influences.

Originality/value

On a theoretical level, this paper adds to understandings of the role of network embeddedness in influencing individual and collective responses to such disruptive events; and direct or indirect forms of response. On a practical level, the authors contribute to understandings about how the employment landscape may evolve in regions affected by organizational demise, and how policymakers may study with or through network influences to develop more responsible downsizing approaches.
Does entrepreneurs’ risk perception influence firm’s rapidity in foreign market entry through moderation of entrepreneurial decision-making approach?
Authors: Alam Md. Nur , Masroor Imtiaz , Nabi Md. Noor Un
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out whether risk perception can affect rapidity in international market entry. Also, this paper tries to find out whether the decision-making approach, effectuation, can moderate the pathway between risk tolerance and internationalization speed.

Design/methodology/approach

A hypothetico-deductive methodology has been used to conduct this study. Using partial least square regression, this study tested and proved two developed hypotheses based on a sample of 101 software and IT-enabled services firms in Bangladesh. The sample was selected using non-probability sampling techniques, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed from the extant literature.

Findings

All of the hypotheses proposed in this study have been accepted. The results show that the effectual approach of decision-making negates the risk perception of the entrepreneur and speeds up the internationalization process of that firm.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of this study are inherent in the entrepreneurial cognition and decision-making approach (effectuation). This study provides an insight into risk perception and the rapidity of internationalization, which can spur future development in this field.

Originality/value

Rapidity in internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises depends on a significant number of factors, one of which is the decision-making approach. The decision-making approach followed by the firms can have an effect on the speed of internationalization. This paper connects the dots between the rapidity of entry to foreign markets with a cognitive variable, risk perception. This paper developed two hypotheses to measure the relationship between risk perception of the entrepreneurs and the rapidity in international market entry with moderation of the decision-making approach.
Blockchain and records management: disruptive force or new approach?
Authors: Bhatia Sharmila , Douglas E. Kyle , Most Markus
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Archival repositories rely on the authenticity of records. The potential manipulation of records and information present a unique challenge to archival repositories and their mission to collect, maintain and provide access to the authentic records. The purpose of this paper is to outline the technical aspects of blockchain and describe potential records management and archival implications of the technology. The implications to consider include data management, records existing on a blockchain and records disposition.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach included reviews of technical literature and attendance at blockchain conferences, workshops and seminars. The literature review focused on general studies, technical publications, use cases and nascent applications for managing records created and stored on a blockchain. The approach is intended to answer the questions: what basic information do records managers need to understand blockchain? How will blockchain technology impact records management? Does blockchain shift toward decentralized records management?

Findings

Implemented properly, blockchain technology can immutably record transactions and provide independent verification and authentication of digital records. Given the ease with which electronic records can sometimes be manipulated, the promise of certainty and third-party verification has drawn sizeable interest and investment. This paper shows records exist on blockchains and must be managed appropriately. The distributed structure inherent in blockchains is a shift from centralized records management and will challenge the approach and assumptions of the profession. Records managers must determine recordkeeping requirements before developing a business application using blockchain and the fixed nature of blockchains means that these considerations must be included at the outset.

Originality/value

This proposed paper began as a blockchain white paper produced by the US National Archives for the federal records management community. It has been re-focused as a general review paper for the Records Management Journal to explain blockchain and show how it may be used to address broader records and information management concerns such as authenticity, veracity, and trustworthiness.
Multi-physics continuum modelling approaches for metal powder additive manufacturing: a review
Authors: Srivastava Shekhar , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Sharma Vishal S. , Alba-Baena Noe Gaudencio , Sachdeva Anish , Chand Ramesh , Singh Sehijpal
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present a systematic approach in the literature survey related to metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes and its multi-physics continuum modelling approach for its better understanding.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the literature available in the area of continuum modelling practices adopted for the powder bed fusion (PBF) AM processes for the deposition of powder layer over the substrate along with quantification of residual stress and distortion. Discrete element method (DEM) and finite element method (FEM) approaches have been reviewed for the deposition of powder layer and thermo-mechanical modelling, respectively. Further, thermo-mechanical modelling adopted for the PBF AM process have been discussed in detail with its constituents. Finally, on the basis of prediction through thermo-mechanical models and experimental validation, distortion mitigation/minimisation techniques applied in PBF AM processes have been reviewed to provide a future direction in the field.

Findings

The findings of this paper are the future directions for the implementation and modification of the continuum modelling approaches applied to PBF AM processes. On the basis of the extensive review in the domain, gaps are recommended for future work for the betterment of modelling approach.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is limited to review only the modelling approach adopted by the PBF AM processes, i.e. modelling techniques (DEM approach) used for the deposition of powder layer and macro-models at process scale for the prediction of residual stress and distortion in the component. Modelling of microstructure and grain growth has not been included in this paper.

Originality/value

This paper presents an extensive review of the FEM approach adopted for the prediction of residual stress and distortion in the PBF AM processes which sets the platform for the development of distortion mitigation techniques. An extensive review of distortion mitigation techniques has been presented in the last section of the paper, which has not been reviewed yet.
Correlation between cutaneous adverse events and prognosis in patients with melanoma treated with nivolumab: A single institutional retrospective study
Authors: Nakano Eiji , Takahashi Akira , Namikawa Kenjiro , Muto Yusuke , Jinnai Shunichi , Kage Yuta , Mizuta Haruki , Tsutsumida Arata , Yamazaki Naoya
Published: March 2020

Treatment for patients with unresectable melanoma has been dramatically changed by the use of immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICI). In this study, we reviewed patients with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma, who were treated with nivolumab between July 2014 and March 2017 at the Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, and retrospectively recorded cutaneous adverse events (cAE), development of vitiligo, clinical characteristics and clinical responses. We identified 128 patients, 61 (47.7%) of whom showed cAE, including 30 (23.4%) with development or exacerbation of vitiligo. The prognosis of patients with melanoma treated with ICI correlated with cAE, including development of vitiligo. Patients with cAE showed better objective responses (41.0% vs 6.0%, P < 0.001), progression‐free survival (PFS) (377 vs 61 days, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (763 vs 209 days, P < 0.001) than did patients without cAE. Patients who developed vitiligo showed better objective responses (53.3% vs 29.0% vs 6.0%, P < 0.001), PFS (median, not reached vs 317 vs 65 days, P < 0.001) and OS (not reached vs 689 vs 209 days, P < 0.001) than did patients with other cAE and patients without cAE. Landmark analysis showed development of vitiligo starting 20 weeks after starting nivolumab correlated with better OS. In multivariate analysis, OS correlated with performance status, number of metastasized organs, cAE other than vitiligo and development of vitiligo. Despite the fact that the correlation between other cAE and OS was less than that of vitiligo, cAE may be a simple marker of favorable prognosis.