bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Arachis Glabrata1
Authors: Baltensperger D. D. , Prine G. M. , Dunn R. A.
Published: April 2010

Peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria race 1) is an important pest of cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Experimental data do not exist, however, to indicate whether this nematode might be a potential pest of peanuts grown for forage production. Florigraze and Arbrook, two recently released cultivars of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) and P.I. 446898 (Arachis spp.) with perennial forage potential, were evaluated for their interaction with M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. incognita races I and III. Individual plants, grown in 150 cm3 ConetainersR, were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of one of the four Meloidogyne spp. populations. After three months gall and egg mass scores and soil-nematode counts were determined for each plant sample. A second long-term experiment evaluated Florigraze that was repeatedly inoculated with high levels of root-knot nematodes. Both rhizoma peanut cultivars were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested; Florigraze appeared to be immune. P.I. 446898 was intermediate between the rhizoma peanuts and the susceptible alyceclover check. This is the first known report of such high levels of Meloidogyne arenaria resistance in Arachis spp. Further screending of A. hypogaea material can be justified based on these results and Vavilov's “Law of homologous series”. If no resistance is found in A. hypogaea, A. glabrata may provide a source of resistance that may be transferred to A. hypogea through hybridization.
Resistance of Peanut Genotypes to Seed Infection by Aspergillus Flavus in Field Trials in India1
Authors: Mehan V. K. , McDonald D. , Rajagopalan K.
Published: April 2010

Eleven peanut genotypes, six resistant and five susceptible to in vitro seed colonization by Aspergillus flavus Link (IVSCAF), were evaluated for field resistance to seed infection by A. flavus and other soil fungi, and for aflatoxin contamination, in seven environments in southern India. Five of the IVSCAF-resistant genotypes had significantly greater resistance to infection of seed by A. flavus in the field and had lower aflatoxin contamination than the IVSCAF-susceptible genotypes. Resistance to field infection of seed by A. flavus was stable across the seven environments. Significant interactions were found between environments and IVSCAF-susceptible genotypes for infection by A. flavus, Aspergillus niger van Tiegh, and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. Genotypes with field resistance to A. flavus also had significantly less seed infection by A. niger, M. phaseolina, and Fusarium spp. than had the A. flavus-susceptible genotypes. Significant positive correlations were found between IVSCAF-resistance and field resistance to A. flavus seed infection, and between the seed infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination. The field resistant genotypes J 11, Ah 7223, UF 71513, U 4–7–47 have yield levels and pod and seed characters acceptable in India.
Comparison of No-tillage, Minimum, and Full Tillage Cultural Practices on Peanuts
Authors: Grichar W. James , Boswell T. E.
Published: April 2010

The no-tillage system for peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) was investigated from 1978 to 1981 in comparison with minimum and full tillage. Difficulty in controlling weeds, soil compaction, and reduced yields were problems associated with no-tillage peanut culture. No-tillage plots yielded 600 to 2400 kg/ha less than full tillage each year, while the minimum tillage plots were intermediate in yield. Peanut grades were not different except in 1980 when the no-tillage system graded less than full or minimum tillage. Disease due to southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) was not affected by tillage system except in 1980 when the full tillage plots produced a lower pod disease rating than minimum or no-tillage. Target hits were lower in the no-tillage plots than full tillage plots when averaged over the four year period.
Grading Peanut Butter Using Video Image Analysis Techniques1
Authors: Whitaker T. B. , Dickens J. W. , Slate A. B.
Published: April 2010

A video image analysis system was designed to quantitatively measure the amount of specks and the color of peanut butter samples for grade purposes. The video image of a peanut butter surface 5.8 cm by 5.8 cm was captured and converted into 384 by 384 picture elements (pixels). The intensity of each of the 147,456 pixels was classified into one of 256 shades of gray from zero for black to 255 for white. The percent of total pixels that represented specks was defined as the speck index. The aveage shade of gray of all 147,456 pixels was defined as the color index. The speck and color indices were computed for 52 peanut butter samples that had been graded by experienced Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) inspectors. The speck and color indices were both in good agreement with the AMS speck and color classifications assigned to the samples by the AMS inspectors.
Use Of a Simulation Model to Explore Fungicide Strategies for Control of Cercospora Leafspot of Peanut1
Authors: Knudsen G. R. , Johnson C. S. , Spurr H. W.
Published: April 2010

A sub-model describing persistence and efficacy of chlorothalonil fungicide was incorporated into a computer simulation model of Cercospora leafspot of peanut. The resultant model was validated using independent data sets from field trials over a two-year period. Predicted disease progress curves and area under the disease progress curve for different fungicide application schedules and rates were compared with field observations. The model was then used to compare predicted disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for a calendar spray schedule vs a leafspot advisory program under different weather conditions. Predicted disease severity levels and area under disease progress curves were similar for advisory and calendar spray schedules. Results were insensitive to changes in parameters describing fungicide persistence or efficacy. The model described herein is a good estimator of the combined effects of weather and chlorothalonil treatments on disease progress, effectively ranks treatments or environmental conditions in terms of their effect on leafspot, and provides a basis for comparison of fungicide scheduling strategies. The simulation model predicted AUDPC more accurately than end-of-season disease, and AUDPC is a more reliable indicator of the effect of peanut leafspot disease on yield loss. Simulation experiments will be useful in optimizing fungicide or biocontrol strategies for long-term financial benefit to growers.
Genic Relationship Between R1, R2, and R3 for Red Peanut Testa Color1
Authors: Branch W. D. , Holbrook C. C.
Published: April 2010

Testa color in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important genetic characteristic. Presently, three genes (R1, R2, and R3) are known to be involved in the expression of red testa color. Reciprocal crosses between the dominant (R1 R1) Tennessee Red and recessive (r2 r2) Makulu Red cultivars and test crosses between Makulu Red and two recessive red genotypes (r3 r3) were made to determine the interaction among these three loci. The F1, F2, and F3 results suggest that the red testa color of Tennessee Red differs from that of Makulu Red by two loci and that Makulu Red does not differ from the other recessive red genotypes. Also, the R1 gene appears to be inherited independently from at least one of the recessive alleles controlling red peanut testa color.
Components of Resistance to Late Leafspot in Peanut. I. Levels and Variability - Implications for Selection1
Authors: Chiteka Z. A. , Gorbet D. W. , Shokes F. M. , Kucharek T. A. , Knauft D. A.
Published: April 2010

Components of resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in peanut were evaluated for 116 genotypes in three tests during 1986. The tests were conducted in greenhouses at Gainesville and Quincy, Florida and in the field near Marianna, Florida. The components of resistance evaluated were spore incubation period, latent period, lesion number per leaf, percent leaf necrotic area, lesion size, and amount of sporulation. Significant differences were observed in at least one test for each component. The greatest variability among genotypes was observed for lesion diameter and latent period. Resistant genotypes had smaller lesions, longer latent periods, and reducded sporulation. Among the most resistant genotypes were UF81206-1, UF81206-2. 72×32B-3-2-2-2-2-l-b3-B, and US 29-b3-B (85701).
Extraction and Purification of Lectin from Florunner Peanut Seeds
Authors: Ahmed E. M. , Ali Theresa , Sitren H. S.
Published: April 2010

Large quantities of lectin were extracted from Florunner peanut seeds and purified by affinity chromatography. The purity and biochemical properties of this lectin were comparable to commercially prepared peanut lectin (Sigma Chem. Co.). These were evidenced by monitoring hemagglutinating activity, UV absorption spectra, absorbance ratio at 280 nm and 260 nm, extinction coefficient, disc gel electrophoresis and subunit molecular weight determinations.
Metolachlor Effects on Peanut Growth and Development
Authors: Cardina J. , Swann C. W.
Published: April 2010

Growth and yield responses of peanuts (Arachis hypogaca L.) to preplant incorporated applications of metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] herbicide were studied at two locations in Georgia. At Sycamore, GK-7 peanuts which received 3.8 cm irrigation immediately following herbicide incorporation and planting were generally stunted and yielded less than non-irrigated peanuts. Metolachlor rates from 2.2 to 6.7 kg ai/ha reduced early and late season growth of irrigated peanuts in 1985 and 1986 but non-irrigated peanuts recovered by mid-August. Yields were suppressed only at the highest rate of metolachor in 1985, but there was no yield response in 1986 or 1987. At Tifton, emergence of Florunner peanuts was delayed and canopy height and width were reduced by metolachlor. Initial flower, peg and pod production were reduced in a linear response to metolachlor rate, resulting in differences in pod development 95 days after planting. There was a rate response for pod yield in 1985 but not in 1986 and grade did not differ either year. In general, emergence and growth were delayed and reduced by preplant incorporated metolachlor when rainfall or irrigation followed application, but yields were not reduced at labeled rates.
The Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on the Germination of Peanut Seeds1
Authors: Navarro S. , Donahaye E. , Kleinerman R. , Haham H.
Published: April 2010

Peanut seed, (cv. Hanoch and Congo) were stored both shelled and in-shell at various moisture contents and 15, 20 and 26 C, in an apparatus designed to purge air at relative humidities in equilibrium with the moisture contents of the seed. Storage lasted nearly 6 months and during this period the moisture contents and germination percentages of the seed were examined periodically.

The results of germination trials showed significant differences between in-shell and shelled seed for the cv. Hanoch, but not for the cv. Congo. The calculated moisture content required to maintain 90% germination for shelled seeds stored for six months at 15 C was 8.0% for Hanoch and 7.9% for Congo. To conserve the same germination level for 6 months at 26 C, the calculated moisture contents were 7.1% for Hanoch and for Congo.
Interrelationships Between Headspace Volatile Concentration, Selected Seed-Size Categories and Flavor in Large-Seeded Virginia-Type Peanuts1
Authors: Pattee H. E. , Rogister E. W. , Giesbrecht F. G.
Published: April 2010

During the 1987 crop year a quality survey using the organic volatile meter (OVM) was conducted at six (A-E) peanut buying stations located throughout Northampton County, NC. Three different frequency distribution patterns were observed for sample headspace volatile concentration (HSVC) levels. At locations A and B about 66% of the samples analyzed had an HSVC of 8.8 mg/kg air or less. An HSVC of 8.8 mg/kg air is considered to be a volatile concentration at which peanut samples are marginally acceptable. Locations C, D, and F had about 58% of the samples with an HSVC of 8.8 mg/kg air or less while Location E had approximately 45%. At an HSVC level of 24.8 mg/kg air or less the percentages were approximately 88, 87, and 69%, respectively. Most of the difference in frequency distribution patterns is thought to result from environmental factors which influenced the average maturity of the crop at harvest. Trained taste panel profiling of a roasted peanut paste made from selected screen-sized seed fractions and HSVC levels indicated that the fruity character note was most characteristic of the off-flavor associated with increasing HSVC values. Low intensity levels were characterized as sweet fruity and higher levels of intensity as an alcohol-fermented fruity character. Further flavor evaluation of roasted peanut paste from selected screen-sized seed fractions showed all fractions with an HSVC of 7.6 mg/kg air or above were unacceptable while fractions with HSVC levels between 5.3 and 3.1 mg/kg air were marginally acceptable. Fractions with HSVC levels at 2 mg/kg air or less were acceptable.
Runner and Virginia Type Peanut Response to Gypsum in Relation to Soil Calcium Level1
Authors: Gaines T. P. , Parker M. B. , Walke M. E.
Published: April 2010

Research reports relating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to gypsum at varying soil Ca levels are limited for the runner types and non-existent for the Virginia type NC-7. Twenty-nine gypsum experiments were conducted from 1982 to 1987 with Florunner on six soils. Seven gypsum experiments were conducted on four soils with Virginia types, six with NC-7 and one with Early Bunch. Pod yields of Florunner peanuts were increased by gypsum in 4 of 10 experiments with Mehlich-1 soil Ca ranging from 221 to 538 kg/ha and in all 7 Virginia type peanut experiments with soil Ca ranging from 168 to 1559 kg/ha. However, soil Ca concentration influenced the degree of response of the Virginia types since pod yield response to gypsum declined with increased soil Ca concentration and reached 95% of maximum yield at 1544 kg soil Ca/ha. The percentage of sound mature kernels (SMK) of Florunner peanuts was not affected by gypsum, but the SMK and extra large kernels of the Virginia types were increased by gypsum up to 540 kg soil Ca/ha. Soil pH varied from 5.4 to 7.4 and there was a high correlation between soil pH and soil Ca, but there was no indication that soil pH, per se, was influencing the results. Data indicate that the critical soil Ca concentration was at least 538 kg/ha for Florunner peanuts and was near 1600 kg/ha for the NC-7 Virginia type.
Economic Benefits of Selected Granular Insecticides for Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Nonirrigated Peanut1
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Zimet D. J. , Lynch R. E. , Herzog D. C.
Published: April 2010

Selected prophylactic applications of granular insecticides were evaluated during 1985, 1986, and 1987 in North Florida for efficacy against lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), effects on peanut seed yield and quality, and net economic return. Chlorpyrifos 15G, ethoprop 15G, and fonofos 10G were applied as band treatments over the row at various rates and times during the growing season. Dichloropropene was applied for separation of nematode effects alone and in combination with selected insecticides as an injection treatment 6 or 7 days before planting. Mean percentage of peanut plants infested with LCB larvae did not exceed 5% in any treatment, including the control, in any year. Mean densities of emerging LCB adults estimated from over-the-row wire traps did not exceed 1.2. moths per meter of row from early flowering until one month after scheduled harvest in any treatment during the study. No differences in LCB densities were detected among treatments. However, several treatments significantly improved peanut seed yield or quality in individual years and resulted in economic returns greater than the costs of treatment.
Aflatoxin Reduction by Screening Farmers Stock Peanuts
Authors: Dowell F. E. , Dorner J. W. , Cole R. J. , Davidson J. I.
Published: April 2010

Samples from 17 loads of farmers stock peanuts suspected of containing aflatoxin were screened over a belt cleaner, shelled, and sorted into grade components. Tests showed that removal of loose shelled kernels (LSK) and small pods by belt screening reduced aflatoxin levels by an average of 35%. Belt screening removed 97% by weight of the LSK, but only 4% of the sound mature kernels and sound splits (SMK+SS). Further removal of other edibles (OE), oil stock (OS), LSK, and damaged kernels (DK) from the peanuts riding over (OVERS) the belt screen reduced aflatoxin levels from an average of 110.7 ppb in the unscreened load to 3.8 ppb in SMK+SS. The OE, OS, LSK and DK were removed from the OVERS through the use of slotted screens and by sorting.
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Three Isozymes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Grieshammer Uta , Wynne Johnny C.
Published: April 2010

Because of the importance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as an oil, food, and feed source worldwide and the contributions of breeding and genetics to yield and quality improvement, it is desirable to understand the genetic structure of the plant. Isozymes have been used to gain an understanding of the genetic structure of several plant species. However, we found no literature on the inheritance of isozymes in peanut. The F1 and F2 seed of several crosses between cultivars and plant introduction lines of three botantical types of peanut were used to investigate the inheritance of three isozymes by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis: phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Each of the three enzymes displayed two different banding patterns, the difference being the presence vs. the absence of either one (IDH) or two (PHI, GOT) bands. Chi-square analysis for goodness of fit of the observed F2 segregation ratios to ratios expected from genetic models indicated that the polymorphisms for both PHI and IDH are controlled by single genes. Two loci, Phi-1 and Idh-1, respectively, are proposed. Sixty-five of 71 F1 progeny monitored for GOT showed the banding pattern of the male parent. The F2 progeny segregated into the two parental types, but the ratios did not fit a simple genetic model. Possible explanations for the observed paternal inheritance of GOT include biparental transmission of plastids, prezygotic RNA synthesis and genomic imprinting.
Roasted Peanut Flavor Variation Across Germplasm Sources1
Authors: Pattee Harold E. , Giesbrecht Francis G.
Published: April 2010

Roasted flavor is a critical factor in the acceptance of a peanut cultivar. A three-year study was made on the variation in roasted peanut flavor intensity of U.S. peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines. An initial set of 83 entries was reduced to 71 by removing samples that showed evidence of extraneous environmental conditions, immaturity, and handling or improper sample preparation effects. All entries for the cv. New Mexico Valenicia C, representing the Valencia market type, were lost because of improper roasting or intense fruity flavor. Florigiant, Florunner, and Pronto were used as comparison standards for roasted peanut attribute values in evaluating the Virginia, runner, and Spanish market types, respectively. The positive estimated difference between control and test germplasm sources was largest within the Virginia type, with a least-square mean difference of +1.4 for roasted peanut attribute intensity. Spanish types were next with a positive estimated difference of +1.3, and runner types were lowest with a positive estimated difference of +0.5. Broadsense heritability for the roasted peanut attribute among germplasm sources was determined to be 24%, suggesting a potential for improving the roasted peanut attribute level through proper breeding stratagems.
Deposition and Retention of Chlorothalonil Applied to Peanut Foliage: Effects of Application Methods, Fungicide Formulations and Oil Additives1
Authors: Brenneman T. B. , Sumner H. R. , Harrison G. W.
Published: April 2010

Deposition and retention of chlorothalonil (CTL) on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) foliage was evaluated by surface-stripping leaf discs with toluene and determining the CTL concentration via gas chromatography. CTL was applied at 1.25 kg/ha via ground sprays, a center pivot-mounted underslung boom, or chemigation in 0.12, 1.7, or 17.8 kL of water/ha, respectively. Ground sprays resulted in the highest concentrations of CTL on peanut leaves followed by the underslung boom and chemigation, respectively. Residue levels were lower with the higher volume applications but were more uniformly distributed throughout the plant canopy. Deposition of chemigated CTL applied as Bravo 500(R), Bravo 720(R), or Bravo 720(R) plus either an emulsifiable vegetable oil (SoyOil 937(R) or a nonemulsifiable petroleum oil (UN Sunspray oil(R)) was also evaluated. Results of residue sampling at 0, 5, 9 and 14 days after treatment indicated that addition of either oil to Bravo 720(R) resulted in the highest initial deposition of fungicide followed by Bravo 500(R) and Bravo 720(R) alone, respectively. However, the half-life of CTL applied as Bravo 720(R) plus either oil was reduced as compared to the half-life for either Bravo 720(R) alone or Bravo 500(R). By day 14, concentrations of CTL had decreased by more than 93% in all treatments. The mean half-life of CTL for all treatments was 3.8, 4.8 and 4.8 days in the top, middle and bottom canopy layers, respectively.
Any Given We
Authors: Nelson Scott G.
Published: April 2010

Democracy and the state are two political notions that have come under considerable duress in late modernity. This paper considers a prominent critic of both, Sheldon Wolin. The paper examines three elements that figure in Wolin's analyses of democracy and the modern state in a central way: community, memory, and the culture of history. A theorisation of these elements can illuminate what is at stake in the articulation of political conceptions that yield communal forms through the constitution of political space. Wolin's analyses of democracy, the state, and modern power can be of help, first, in elucidating the political valences of the three elements themselves; second, in specifying relationships of mutuality among them; and third, in theorising what is at issue in the transposition of these elements from the domestic sphere to the international. The paper speaks mainly to the first and second concerns. A path is explored for thinking what is at stake in the third, namely, locating in and then transposing from the domestic sphere a ‘we’ which does not enjoy a precise ontology, but which is nonetheless capable of giving collaborative efforts in world-political spheres another political ground.
An Ethnography of Migrant ‘Illegality’ in Sweden: Included Yet Excepted?
Authors: Khosravi Shahram
Published: April 2010

This article examines how migrant ‘illegality’ is experienced in the Swedish context. How do ‘illegal‘ migrants manage work, housing, healthcare, safety and a family life in the absence of access to formal provisions? What are their survival strategies? I use direct quotations from undocumented migrants themselves to build a multifaceted picture of migrant ‘illegality’. Following Willen's (2007) call for a ‘critical phenomenology of illegality’, I move beyond the socio-political situation of undocumented migrants to their embodied experiences of being ‘illegal’. I conclude that undocumented migrants are not excluded but are excepted; they have not been thrown out, but neither are they considered participants. Undocumented migrants are included in society without being recognised as members.
cTBP: A Successful Intron Length Polymorphism (ILP)-Based Genotyping Method Targeted to Well Defined Experimental Needs
Authors: Braglia Luca , Manca Antonella , Mastromauro Francesco , Breviario Diego
Published: April 2010

There seem to be a certain degree of reluctance in accepting ILP-based methods as part of the range of molecular markers that are classically used for plant genotyping. Indeed, since DNA polymorphism results from difference in length of fragments amplified from specific gene loci, not anonymous sequences, the number of markers that can be generated is sometime inadequate for classical phylogeny studies. Yet, ILP-based markers have many other useful advantages that should not go neglected. We support this statement by presenting a large variety of data we have been collecting for a long while regarding the use of cTBP, an ILP marker based on difference in length of the introns present within the members of the plant beta-tubulin gene family.
Integration of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell into A 10 MW Gas Turbine Power Plant
Authors: Cheddie Denver F.
Published: April 2010

Power generation using gas turbine power plants operating on the Brayton cycle suffers from low efficiencies. In this work, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is proposed for integration into a 10 MW gas turbine power plant, operating at 30% efficiency. The SOFC system utilizes four heat exchangers for heat recovery from both the turbine outlet and the fuel cell outlet to ensure a sufficiently high SOFC temperature. The power output of the hybrid plant is 37 MW at 66.2% efficiency. A thermo-economic model predicts a payback period of less than four years, based on future projected SOFC cost estimates.
Paramagnetic Liposome Nanoparticles for Cellular and Tumour Imaging
Authors: Kamaly Nazila , Miller Andrew D.
Published: April 2010

In this review we discuss the development of paramagnetic liposomes incorporating MRI contrast agents and show how these are utilized in cellular imaging in vitro. Bi-functional, bi-modal imaging paramagnetic liposome systems are also described. Next we discuss the upgrading of paramagnetic liposomes into bi-modal imaging neutral nanoparticles for in vivo imaging applications. We discuss the development of such systems and show how paramagnetic liposomes and imaging nanoparticles could be developed as platforms for future multi-functional, multi-modal imaging theranostic nanodevices tailor-made for the combined imaging of early stage disease pathology and functional drug delivery.
Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. as a Potential Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Agents
Authors: Mimica-Dukić Neda , Bugarin Dušan , Grbović Slavenko , Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana , Vuković-Gačić Branka , Orčić Dejan , Jovin Emilija , Couladis Maria
Published: April 2010

The present study describes DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and antimutagenic properties of the essential oil of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Plant samples were collected from the two distant localities (southernmost and northern point) of the Montenegro coastline. Chemical profiles of the two samples were evaluated by GC-MS. In both of the samples monoterpenes were found to be the predominant compounds. Among them a-pinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, and myrtenyl acetate were the major compounds. Significant differences between the samples were found in the ranges of a-pinene (14.7%–35.9%) and myrtenyl acetate (5.4%–21.6%). Both oils exhibited moderate DPPH scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 6.24 mg/mL and 5.99 mg/mL. The antimutagenic properties were assayed against spontaneous and t-BOOH-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli oxyR mutant IC202, a bacterial strain deficient in removing ROS. Reduction of the spontaneous mutagenesis in presence of myrtle EO was only slight, up to 13% at the highest concentration tested. When the oxidative mutagen was used, EO expressed higher reduction of mutagenesis, in a concentration dependent manner, with statistical significance for effect at the highest concentration tested (28%). Suppression of t-BOOH induced mutagenesis was correlated with the observed scavenging activity.
Optoelectronic Capillary Sensors in Microfluidic and Point-of-Care Instrumentation
Authors: Borecki Michał , Korwin-Pawlowski Michael L. , Beblowska Maria , Szmidt Jan , Jakubowski Andrzej
Published: April 2010

This paper presents a review, based on the published literature and on the authors’ own research, of the current state of the art of fiber-optic capillary sensors and related instrumentation as well as their applications, with special emphasis on point-of-care chemical and biochemical sensors, systematizing the various types of sensors from the point of view of the principles of their construction and operation. Unlike classical fiber-optic sensors which rely on changes in light propagation inside the fiber as affected by outside conditions, optical capillary sensors rely on changes of light transmission in capillaries filled with the analyzed liquid, which opens the possibility of interesting new applications, while raising specific issues relating to the construction, materials and instrumentation of those sensors.
Bacterial Toxins and the Nervous System: Neurotoxins and Multipotential Toxins Interacting with Neuronal Cells
Authors: Popoff Michel R. , Poulain Bernard
Published: April 2010

Toxins are potent molecules used by various bacteria to interact with a host organism. Some of them specifically act on neuronal cells (clostridial neurotoxins) leading to characteristics neurological affections. But many other toxins are multifunctional and recognize a wider range of cell types including neuronal cells. Various enterotoxins interact with the enteric nervous system, for example by stimulating afferent neurons or inducing neurotransmitter release from enterochromaffin cells which result either in vomiting, in amplification of the diarrhea, or in intestinal inflammation process. Other toxins can pass the blood brain barrier and directly act on specific neurons.
Valuing Brand Equity of a Geographic Region
Authors: Brailsford Tim , Dash Stephen , Hutchinson Marion , Pappu Ravi , Ritchie Brent W.
Published: April 2010

There is much anecdotal evidence and academic argument that the location of a business influences its value. That is, some businesses appear to be worth more than others because of their location. This is particularly so in the tourism industry. Within the domain of the destination
literature, many factors can be posited on why business valuation varies, ranging from access to markets, availability of labor, climate, and surrounding services. Given that business value is such a fundamental principle that underpins the viability of the tourist industry through its relationship
with pricing, business acquisition, and investment, it is surprising that scant research has sought to quantify the relative premium associated with geographic locations. This study proposes a novel way in which to estimate geographic brand premium. Specifically, the approach translates valuation
techniques from financial economics to quantify the incremental value derived from businesses operating in a particular geographic region, and produces a geographic brand premium. The article applies the technique to a well-known tourist destination in Australia, and the results are consistent
with a positive value of brand equity in the key industries and are of a plausible order of magnitude. The article carries strong implications for business and tourism operators in terms of valuation, pricing, and investment, but more generally, the approach is potentially useful to local
authorities and business associations when deciding how much resource and effort should be devoted to brand protection.
Residents' Attitudes Toward Casino Gambling in Kyrenia, North Cyprus: In Search of Theoretical Explanation?
Authors: Alipour Habib , Vughaingmeh Edwin M.
Published: April 2010

This study attempts to explore the residents' perception of casino gambling tourism in the coastal resort city of Kyrenia in north Cyprus (TRNC). After the closure of casinos in Turkey in the 1990s, Kyrenia became a spatial choice by the gambling industry and with the cooperation of the government in north Cyprus, the city has become home to the casino gambling tourism that has mushroomed in and around the city. The casino gambling tourism has been perceived as an agent of economic growth by the investors from outside and the indigenous policy makers inside. To explore the residents' attitudes towards gambling in their community, a survey questionnaire was administered to a non-randomly selected sample of residents in Kyrenia, and Spearman's Rho correlation tests were used to explore the relationships between community concerns, socioeconomic concerns, and community attachment as main constructs to evaluate residents' attitudes towards casino gambling. Overall, 32 items were used to explore linkages between the mentioned three constructs/community concerns, and casino gambling-related attitudes. Results indicate that the residents, by overwhelming majority, are negative about casino gambling in their community. Whilst residents are not in favor of banning casino gambling, they perceive casino gambling not as an engine of economic growth, but rather as a political and economic project that has bypassed their concerns and alienated their rights to be involved and to participate in the process. Therefore, the results revealed that residents have not been an equal partner in the process and have remained an outsider to casino gambling—that employed and was implemented as a “growth machine.” The results also indicate that the “growth machine” theory stands tall and explains the case of Kyrenia in comparison to the economic dependency, social exchange, and to the community attachment theories. The study also provides an insight into residents' attitudes toward the issue of growth and development within a community as a result of a specific form of tourism—casino gambling.
Review Article, Report and Exhibition and Book Reviews
Authors: Taylor Raphaël , Beaty Bart , Duggan Robert , MacLeod Catriona , Miller Ann
Published: April 2010

REVIEW ARTICLE

Daniel Couvreur, Frédéric Soumois and Philippe Goddin, Les Vrais Secrets de la Licorne [‘The True Secrets of the Unicorn’] (Brussels/Tournai: Moulinsart/Casterman, 2006). 127 pp., ISBN 978-2-87424-118-5 (hardback, €15.00)

Daniel Couvreur and Frédéric Soumois, with a preface by Dominique Maricq,
À la Recherche du Trésor de Rackham le Rouge [‘In Search of Red Rackham’s
Treasure’] (Brussels/Tournai: Moulinsart/Casterman, 2007). 135 pp., ISBN
978-2-87424-160-4 (paperback, €15.00)

REPORT

Angoulême, 2009

EXHIBITION REVIEW

Musée du Louvre, Paris, Le Petit dessein: Le Louvre s’ouvre au neuvième art [‘Modest Plans: The Louvre Opens up to the Ninth Art’]

BOOK REVIEWS

Charles Hatfield, Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature (Jackson: UP of
Mississippi, 2005). 182 pp. ISBN 978-1578067190 (paperback, $22.00)

Jeff McLaughlin, Comics as Philosophy (Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005). 246
pp. ISBN 1-57806-794-4 (paperback, £12.50)

Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle, Images à mi-mots [‘Images Halfway to Words’]
(Brussels: Impressions nouvelles, 2008). 191 pp. ISBN 978-2-87449-048-4
(€20.00)
A TAXONOMIC FIELD INVESTIGATION IN TO INDUCED BIAS IN RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE APPRAISALS
Authors: Diaz III Julian , Hansz J. Andrew
Published: April 2010

A taxonomic approach to field research was developed and utilized to support empirical and experimental research findings into the impact that incentives/pressures to overvalue have on systematic valuation bias. An expected no‐bias population was defined and valuation judgments from actual, real‐world appraisals were statistically tested against it. The judgments of appraisers presented with no incentive/pressure to over‐value were consistent with the no‐bias population, while the judgments of appraisers presented with incentive/pressure to over‐value were significantly incompatible with the defined no bias population. Santruka Taksonomijos metodas buvo išpletotas ir pritaikytas taikomajam tyrimui siekiant patvirtinti empirinius ir eksperimentinius tyrimu rezultatus, kad paskata arba spaudimas pervertinti yra sistemine paklaida. Buvo apibrežta tiketinoji nešališka imtis ir nustatytos statistines realios vertes. Vertinimai, kuriuose nebuvo paskatos ar spaudimo pervertinti, buvo suderinti su imtimi be sistemines paklaidos, o vertinimai su paskata ar spaudimu pervertinti buvo visiškai nesuderinti su apibrežta imtimi be sistemines paklaidos.
MARKET COMPETITION FOR HIGH‐DENSITY RESIDENTIAL LAND
Authors: Cypher Matthew L. , Hayunga Darren K.
Published: April 2010

We investigate the potential competition between multifamily and condominium developers for raw land throughout the U.S. When considering the entire sample period, we find evidence that condominium developers paid, on average, more for land than their multifamily counterparts. Alternatively, when we separate the sample into low versus high‐growth locations and two time subperiods, we observe that the premium is not entirely consistent. The average premiums appear to be largely a result of the high‐growth locations from 2004 to mid‐2008. Indeed, the results demonstrate that condominium developers paid over 60 percent more for land in high‐growth states during the later subperiod. This extraordinary premium calls into question the price formation process in these locations.

Santruka

Savo darbe nagrinejame potencialia konkurencija tarp daugiabučiu namu ir kooperatiniu namu vystytoju del žemes sklypu visoje JAV teritorijoje. Nagrinedami visa imties laikotarpi, aptinkame irodymu, kad kooperatiniu namu vystytojai už sklypus vidutiniškai mokejo daugiau nei ju kolegos, statantys daugiabučius namus. Kita vertus, suskirsčius imti i letai ir sparčiai besivystančias vietoves bei du laikotarpius, pastebima, kad priemoka ne visiškai pastovi. Regis, priemoku vidurki iš esmes lemia sparčiai besivystančios vietoves ir laikotarpis nuo 2004 m. iki 2008 m. vidurio. Iš tiesu rezultatai rodo, kad per ši laikotarpi kooperatiniu namu vystytojai sparčiai besivystančiose valstijose už sklypus mokejo per 60 proc. daugiau. Tokia neitiketina priemoka verčia abejoti tose vietovese taikomu kainodaros procesu.
COMMERCIAL LEISURE PROPERTY VALUATION: A COMPARISON OF THE CASE STUDIES IN UK AND LITHUANIA
Authors: Maliene Vida , Deveikis Steponas , Kirsten Louise , Malys Naglis
Published: April 2010

The development of leisure as an economic activity has come into focus over the last century. Nowadays, a commercial leisure property has gained an important role within the total spectrum of world economies. Despite these developments in the leisure sector, the valuation of property for the purpose of commercial leisure is still regarded as an Achilles’ heel. The accepted approach to the property valuation in UK is to perform an open market valuation for the existing use. However, for the specialized properties including leisure assets, the distinctive valuation methodology has to be applied. This paper outlines the principles of methodology that are commonly used for the valuation of leisure property in the UK, Lithuania and other countries. Factors affecting the valuation process with respect to the property development and investment decision are discussed. The study is accompanied with examples of valuation method applications and analyses of individual case studies of golf course valuation. Santruka Per pastaraji šimtmeti laisvalaikio vystymas tapo reikšminga ekonomikos veiklos sritis. Šiuo metu laisvalaikio verslo nekilnojamasis turtas vaidina svarbu vaidmeni pasaulio šaliu ūkineje veikloje. Nepaisant laisvalaikio sektoriaus išsivystymo, nekilnojamojo turto vertinimas laisvalaikio verslo srityje vis dar yra silpnas. JK priimtas nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo būdas pagristas atviros rinkos vertinimu pagal turto paskirti. Tačiau specializuotam nekilnojamajam turtui, taip pat ir laisvalaikio, išskirtinis vertinimo metodas turi būti taikomas. Šiame straipsnyje apibūdinami principai, kurie taikomi laisvalaikio nekilnojamojo turto vertinimui JK, Lietuvoje ir kitose šalyse. Straipsnyje nagrinejami veiksniai, kurie daro itaka vertinimo procesui, kai nekilnojamasis turtas vertinamas vystymo ar investavimo tikslais. Tyrime pateikti golfo aikštynu vertinimo metodu ir analizes pavyzdžiai.
LAND VALUE TAX IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT. PART I - POLICY ANALYSIS AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE TAXATION SYSTEM ON REAL PROPERTY
Authors: Raslanas Saulius , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Artūras
Published: April 2010

This article on issues related to real property taxes has two parts. Part One deliberates
the concept of sustainable development as well as Lithuania’s real property taxation system
and possible ways to improve it. Part Two analyses various methods of land assessment. The
objectives of this paper are to analyze the importance of a tax on real property within the taxation
system of Lithuania and to plan the implementation of such a reform in the future. A tax on land
is presented as one alternative for a reform of the taxation system on real property in Lithuania.
Access to Care and the Incidence of Endstage Renal Disease Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: WARD MICHAEL M.
Published: April 2010

Objective.

Persons with low socioeconomic status have an increased risk of endstage renal disease (ESRD) due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), possibly because of limited access to care. We examined if the incidence of ESRD due to SLE was higher in geographic areas with poorer access to care.

Methods.

In this population-based ecological study, we tested associations between the incidence of ESRD due to SLE and the proportion of hospitalizations with no insurance, Medicaid or managed care insurance, residence in a primary care-provider shortage area or rural area, and rate of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, by ZIP code in California in 1999–2004.

Results.

The incidence of ESRD due to SLE was higher in ZIP codes with higher proportions of hospitalizations with no insurance (r = 0.22, p < 0.0001) or Medicaid (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001), and in ZIP codes with higher rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (r = 0.23, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, incidences were higher in ZIP codes with higher proportions of hospitalizations with Medicaid (p < 0.0001) and higher rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (p = 0.06), independent of the socioeconomic status of the ZIP code residents.

Conclusion.

The incidence of ESRD due to SLE is higher in areas with higher proportions of residents who have public insurance and higher rates of avoidable hospitalizations, suggesting that limited access to care may contribute to this complication of SLE.
School Songbooks as a Possible Source of Folk Songs
Authors: Terseglav Marko
Published: April 2010

Razprava obravnava vprašanje, koliko in s čim je šola z glasbenim poukom in pesmaricami v 19. in v prvi polovici 20. stoletja vplivala na ljudske pevske sporede in kateri pesniki in verzifikatorji so se najbolj priljubili ljudskim pevcem. Obravnava črpa iz starejših in današnjih ljudsko-pevskih repertoarjev, ki vsebujejo tudi t. i. umetne pesmi, in tem išče vire v šolskih in v cerkvenih pesmaricah.
***
The article addresses the question how, and to what degree, school with its musical lessons and songbooks affected folk singing repertories, and which poets and versifiers became popular among folk singers. Looking for sources in school and church songbooks, the article focuses on older as well as contemporary folk song repertories that also contain the so-called art poems.
The Influence of Institutionalized Standards on the Transformation of Folk Singing
Authors: Šivic Urša
Published: April 2010

Srečanja ljudskih pevcev in godcev so danes ena izmed oblik predstavljanja, ohranjanja, poustvarjanja ljudskih pesmi in ljudskega petja. V več kot tridesetletnem obdobju so srečanja s svojimi institucionalno določenimi merili in navodili spremenila, marsikdaj pa tudi zaobrnila tok spreminjanja ljudskega petja. Dogajanje, povezano s srečanji, je zanimiv kazalnik spreminjanja načinov ljudskega petja, pesemskih vsebin, hkrati se s tem institucionalizira ljudsko petje, tako da se z merili postavlja nekakšna ločnica med ‘pravim’ in ‘nepravim’ ljudskim petjem.
***
Organized gatherings of folk singers and musicians are one of the ways to present, preserve, and recreate folk songs and folk singing. In the course of over three decades, these events as well as the criteria and standards for them, devised by pertinent institutions, experienced a number of changes; occasionally they also reversed the changing process of folk singing. Events and circum­stances connected with these gatherings are an interest­ing indicator of changes that occur in folk singing and in content presented in songs. At the same time, they tend to institutionalize folk singing and, by way of introducing certain standards, create a dividing line between what is perceived as “true” folk singing and what is not.
Folk Song Tradition as Cultural Memory. Drago Jančar’s Novel and Stage Play Katharina, the Peacock, and the Jesuit
Authors: Golež Kaučič Marjetka
Published: April 2010

Na podlagi teoretskih premis o kulturnem, kolektivnem, zgodovinskem in individualnem spominu je v razpravi opredeljeno ljudsko pesemsko izročilo kot eden izmed t. i. nacionalnih kulturnih kanonov za različna literarna dela na Slovenskem. Razprava ob zgodovinskih in kulturnih prvinah (barok, romanje v Porenje, sedemletna vojna, ljudsko prozno izročilo, ljudska verovanja, ljudsko gledališče, materialna kultura) v Jančarjevem romanu in drami Katarina, pav in jezuit [2000 in 2005] odkriva medbesedilne vloge ljudske pesmi kot ene izmed temeljnih duhovnih podlag romana in drame, ki so vpisane v obe deli kot del zgodovinskega in kulturnega kolektivnega spomina, a tudi kot del individualnega avditivnega in vizualnega spomina slovenskega avtorja. Ljudsko pesem je pisatelj vpisal v oba žanra v sinkretični celoti: tekst, tekstura, ob upoštevanju nosilca in fenomena romanja kot družbenega konteksta pesmi, zato so v razpravi predstavljena polisemantična polja vsebinsko raznovrstne ljudske pesemske dediščine, predvsem romarskih pesmi, s posebno analizo ljudske pripovedne legendarne pesmi Marija in brodnik.
***
Based on theoretical premises about cultural, collective, historic, and individual memory Slovenian folk song heritage has been defined as one of the so-called cultural canons of literary works. Analyzing historic and cultural elements (baroque, pilgrimage to Rhineland, Seven Years’ War, folk narrative tradition, folk beliefs, folk theater, and material culture) in Drago Jančar’s novel Katarina, pav in jezuit (Kahtarina, the Peacock, and the Jesuit; published in 2000 and adapted for stage in 2005), this study examines intertextual roles of folk song, which serves as a primary spiritual foundation for the novel and the play. In both texts, these intertextual roles figure as part of historic and cultural collective memory on one hand and as part of Jančar’s individual auditory and visual memory on the other. In both the novel and the drama, folk song has been intertwined with Jančar’s own text in its syncretic entirety, which takes into consideration not only the text and texture but also the phenomenon of pilgrimage and its participants within the social context of folk song. In view of the above, this study presents polysemantic fields of dif­ferent kinds of folk song heritage, especially pilgrimage songs, along with an analysis of folk narrative legendary song Marija in brodnik (Mary and the Ferryman).