bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLIDARITY THROUGH A NETWORK SYSTEM: THE CASE OF INDIAN MIGRANTS IN MARSEILLE/FRANCE
Authors: Corrêa Otávio Amaral da Silva
Published: January 2021

O meio urbano é um espaço que cada vez mais incentiva a comunicação por meio de redes sociais virtuais. Com o objetivo de pensar a realidade da migração e sua relação com uma solidariedade construída em meio virtual, este artigo se propõe a fazer uma etnografia com migrantes indianos que vivem na cidade de Marselha, região da Provença, sul da França. Como se organizam estes indivíduos que saem da Índia em direção à França? A partir do método etnográfico, com técnicas como observação flutuante e observação-participante, foi realizado um estudo antropológico em um grupo no Facebook e em restaurantes de culinária indiana da cidade. Neste sentido, o texto procura demonstrar a construção de um sistema social em rede baseado no sentimento de solidariedade e na cooperação. Divido em duas seções, a primeira parte do artigo busca descrever as relações estabelecidas em um grupo de Facebook intitulado “Indians in Marseille”. Na sequência, o texto apresenta uma etnografia das relações que estruturam o quotidiano dos restaurantes indianos da cidade com o objetivo de analisar os polos de poder e a construção da solidariedade.
HISTÓRIAS ALÉM DAS JANELAS
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Da Silva , Neves Joana d’Arc Vasconcelos
Published: January 2021

Tenho pelo menos 200 vizinhos e não conhecia nenhum. Em dez anos, não sei suas origens, seus nomes, seus ofícios, suas histórias. Sobre eles, não aprendi absolutamente nada!  A vida para além da abertura retangular na parede externa, com função única de trazer iluminação e ventilar meu apartamento, sempre foi um mistério, que eu, por pressa, falta de interesse, ou, simplesmente, nenhum motivo aparente, encobri com escuras cortinas e nunca procurei desvendar...
Assessing the Impact of Summer Camp Employment on the Development of Workplace Skills
Authors: Botting Rachael , Ribbe Jr. Robert , Robinson Greg
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the impact of working at a camp on summer camp staff while simultaneously seeking to understand what facilitates and inhibits growth in that context. This study examined differences in levels of leadership, teamwork and resilience before and after working at a summer camp as a staff member. It also assessed staff perceptions of staff culture, support, and care. Results indicated that summer camp staff members can and do grow in the areas measured over the course of a summer at camp and that some elements of the staff experience related to staff support, staff care, and staff culture may be important factors in contributing to that growth. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of working at a camp on staff by providing a pre-post assessment while beginning the conversation about best practices to facilitate growth.
Effects of Incentives on Survey Response Rates in Two Rural Counties
Authors: Strauser John , Stewart William , Foelske Lorraine , Shipley Nathan , Evans Nicole , Coon Jaime , Van Riper Carena
Published: January 2021

Surveys of a general population have been a mainstay of leisure and recreation research methods. This study assesses the impact of two different pre-incentives on eliciting a survey response. Two counties with large federal prairie restoration projects and active municipal and county park districts were the study sites. Results show that residents whose pre-incentive was two $1 bills had a significantly higher response rate than residents with a pre-incentive of one $2 bill. With park operations being responsive to needs and preferences of residents, the most accurate representation of the general population of constituents is an important goal in any research effort. Given that pre-incentives have become a standard and sizeable portion of a survey’s budget, maximizing the effectiveness of the pre-incentive investment is a small, yet critical, part of connecting research to practice.
A Proposed Research Agenda on Professional and Recreational Drone Use in National Forests and National Parks
Authors: Thomsen Jennifer , Fowler Jennifer , Lang Thomas
Published: January 2021

Recreational drone use has increased in popularity over the past decade. Public lands offer additional opportunities for drone use as unique monitoring tools as well as videography to enhance visitor experiences. However, there are many concerns regarding privacy and impacts to resources and experiences. While drone technology has advanced rapidly, research on the challenges, opportunities, and management strategies have been limited leading to inconsistent policies across diverse public land settings. We propose a research agenda to guide future research and management related to drone use. There are social, ecological, and managerial considerations that are interrelated and operate across scales from the local sites to national policy. These scales are disjointed, creating challenges for policy development with a lack of research to inform decisions. It is our hope that this study stimulates discussion that is timely and relevant and can inform multi-scalar and multidisciplinary research on recreational drone use on public lands.
Managing Recreation in New York's Adirondack Park: A Case Study of Public Perceptions and Preferences for Reducing User Impacts to the High Peaks Wilderness Complex
Authors: Schneller Andrew Jon , Binzen Greta Lee , Cameron Colin , Taggart Vogel Samuel , Bardin Isaac
Published: January 2021

This qualitative case study research investigated public perceptions and preferences regarding management options for addressing recreational impacts to the High Peaks Wilderness Complex (HPWC) in New York State’s six-million-acre Adirondack Park. The Park is the largest in the contiguous United States, attracting local and international visitors from Philadelphia, Montreal, Boston, and New York City, major cities within 350 miles of the HPWC. The Park saw 12.4 million visitors in 2018, resulting in crowding, trail erosion, clandestine trails/campsites, water pollution, and plant/wildlife impacts. Data was gathered from 1,200 individuals via an online questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with NGOs, community influentials, and agency representatives, and participant observation. Findings showed the public strongly supported passive management options such as increased funding for education, trail reconstruction, enhanced management of the HPWC, and the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) promotion of alternatives to the most popular wilderness trails during busy months. The public was split in their support of direct management techniques such as temporary trail closures, limiting the number of hikers, and mandatory permits for hikers/parking. NGOs expressed a diversity of preferences for direct wilderness management, but widely supported enhanced education, trail improvements, and funding increases for management and the hiring of more rangers. The results of this research provide insights for improving management practices that facilitate sustainable recreation while also protecting and restoring federal and state designated wilderness. This manuscript culminates in a suite of management implications based on our research findings, including filling all vacancies within the Adirondack Park Agency Board with professionally and culturally diverse individuals, including women, Tribal representatives, minority communities, environmental attorneys, natural scientists, and regional planners. Funding should be allocated for the hiring of additional rangers, Summit Stewards, and trail crews, for enhanced trail maintenance and hiker education efforts. We also recommend implementing the Wildland Monitoring Program in order to better understand trail carrying capacity and ecological limits. Limiting the number of hikers/vehicles through a permit system is but one solution if efforts to heighten ranger presence, education, and improve trails all fail to address resource degradation.
Participant-Driven Videography in Park and Protected Area Research
Authors: Zajchowski Chris , Fefer Jessica , Henry Caitlin , Kane Brendan
Published: January 2021

Research on visitor experiences in protected areas is evolving as advancements in new technologies and social trends emerge. We assert that park and recreation research can be further enhanced through the application and coupling of videography and spatial-temporal metadata. This systematic review explores the use of participant-driven videography across park and recreation research and adjacent disciplines (i.e., tourism, natural resource management) to understand the existing use of participant-driven data coupled with spatial-temporal information. Evidence gleaned from this systematic review reveals that participant-driven videography is a powerful tool for park research, yet its application is limited by authorship, scope and context. This research note provides: 1) insight into how videographic techniques are currently being used to gain unique visitor data; 2) insight into the collection, management, and analysis of unstructured video data; and 3) areas of future park and recreation research that may be informed by this unique approach.
Towards the Solution of the Economic Problem? – On the Non-Revolutionary Relationship between Working Time and Productivity
Authors: Schief Sebastian
Published: January 2021

The increase of productivity we faced in the last hundred years was the basis for fundamental predictions on how a rising standard of living would reduce working time in the long run. Keynes predicted in 1930 that the economic problem would be solved and “mankind will be deprived of its traditional purpose” (Keynes 1931[1930]: 366). It is quite obvious that Keynes prediction is wrong when it comes to working time. This article takes a closer look at the developments of working time and productivity in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Since the beginning of the 1970s, in all three countries under investigation, working time reduction ended. By discussing reasons for the abrupt ending of working time reduction this article proposes a theoretical model on the development of working time, wages, and productivity.
Ansätze für eine Neue Normalarbeitszeit – ein Diskussionsbeitrag
Authors: Gärtner Johannes , Arlinghaus Anna , Baumgartner Peter , Boonstra-Hörwein Karin , Marschitz Werner , Siglär Ruth
Published: January 2021

Die aktuelle Regulierung von Arbeitszeiten schafft Anreize für belastende Zeiten und berücksichtigt nur unzureichend wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu den Auswirkungen dieser Belastungen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen neuen Ansatz vor: Ausgehend von einer einerseits weit verbreiteten und andererseits auch sozial- und gesundheitspolitisch wünschenswerten ‚Neuen Normalarbeitszeit‘, nämlich der Gleitzeit von Montag bis Freitag tagsüber, sollen abweichende Arbeitszeiten hinsichtlich ihrer Belastung bewertet werden. Eine angemessene Kompensation in zusätzlicher Freizeit statt finanzieller Zulagen soll dann diese Belastung ausgleichen statt sie finanziell abzugelten. Damit würden auch bestehende Anreize für ein freiwilliges Verbleiben in belastenden Arbeitszeiten reduziert.
Arbeitszeiten mobil Beschäftigter: welche Auswirkungen haben auswärtige Übernachtungen?
Authors: Grzech-Sukalo Hiltraud , Vogl Gerlinde
Published: January 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse von Arbeitszeiterhebungen bei mobiler Arbeit vorgestellt, die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes prentimo (Präventionsorientierte Gestaltung mobiler Arbeit) anhand von drei Unternehmen (in zwei Unternehmen durch qualitative Erhebungen, in einem durch die Analyse von konkreten Arbeitszeiten) analysiert wurden. Im Fokus steht dabei mobiler Arbeit, die mit räumlicher Mobilität einhergeht. Mobilität ist zur Erledigung der Arbeitsaufgabe notwendig, wenn beispielsweise direkt beim Kunden gearbeitet wird. Zentrale Fragestellung des Beitrages ist, ob sich bei ÜbernachterInnen bzw. und Nicht-ÜbernachterInnen unterschiedliche Auswirkungen hinsichtlich verschiedener Arbeitszeitmerkmale (Dauer der täglichen Arbeits- und Ruhezeiten, Verlässlichkeit des Arbeitsendes, Pausen, Wochenarbeitszeiten sowie Wochenendarbeit) ergeben. Als differenzierende Belastungsfaktoren zeigen sich überlange tägliche Arbeitszeiten, verkürzte Ruhezeiten, ein schwer kalkulierbares Arbeitsende, eine erhöhte Wochenarbeitszeit, Reisezeiten, Rufbereitschaften sowie eine unzureichende Routenplanung.
Kit didáctico para el aprendizaje del lenguaje de señas ecuatoriano
Authors: Benítez Navarrete Paola Maribel , Giraldo Jocelyne , Rodríguez Stiven
Published: January 2021

Las dificultades que existen para entablar un diálogo con personas sordas son muchas debido a que una gran cantidad de personas no conocen la dactilología o lenguaje de señas. En Ecuador, las personas con esta discapacidad están apartadas de ciertas tecnologías lo que disminuye sus posibilidades de comunicación. Debido a esto, se propone la utilización de un kit que ayude en el aprendizaje del lenguaje de señas. Mediante entrevistas preliminares y revisión bibliográfica se obtuvieron lineamientos sobre cómo se debería diseñar el kit. Así, el kit propuesto está compuesto de un guante vinculado por Bluetooth a una aplicación móvil. El prototipo construido permite inicialmente el aprendizaje del abecedario y la formación de palabras básicas del lenguaje de señas ecuatoriano. Con este prototipo se realizó una evaluación con personas adultas, para llegar a obtener una opinión del kit didáctico. Los resultados obtenidos fueron en su mayoría positivos, lo cual permite especular que un kit de este tipo podría ayudar en el aprendizaje de lenguaje de señas.
Item Analysis of the Modified Version of the Routine Blood Transfusion Knowledge Questionnaire
Authors: Hijji Belal M. H.
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:Item analysis is important in examining the quality of items. The main aims of this sub-study were to assess and improve the psychometric properties of the modified version of the Routine Blood Transfusion Knowledge Questionnaire (RBTKQ-2) and produce an optimized version (RBTKQ-O) of it.Methods:Statistical item analysis was performed on the RBTKQ-2 after completion by 305 nurses.Results:There were one (3%) easy, 15 (47%) moderately difficult, and 16 (50%) difficult items. Twenty six (81%) items and six (19%) had positive significant and weak point-biserial correlation respectively. The majority of distractors (n= 66, 64%) were functional. Four sources of information, including item analysis data, informed the development of the RBTKQ-O.Conclusions:The RBTKQ-O addressed the limitations that were identified in the versions published earlier. This version can be used by researchers and academics worldwide.
Fungsi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah dalam Mewujudkan Program Keagamaan
Authors: Ali Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fungsi perencanaan, fungsi pengorganisasian, fungsi penggerak, program keagamaan yang terwujud, dan hambatan pelakasanaan program keagamaan di SMA Negeri Terawas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriftif, dengan alat pengumpul data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan analisis deskriftif interaktif konsep Miles and Heberman melalui triangulasi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa: (1) Secara kelembagaan kepala sekolah telah melakukan peran manajerial sebagai figur yang selalu mendukung kegiatan, mengekspos setiap kegiatan, dan peranan sebagai enterpreneur dalam mengembangkan program keagamaan melalui terobosan dan ide besar. (2) Program keagamaan telah berjalan dengan baik hal tersebut ditandai dengan kepeloporan SMA Negeri Terawas dalam penggunaan busana Muslim (Jilbab) menjadi pakaian wajib di lingkungan sekolah. (3) Terwujudnya program keagamaan di lingkungan SMA Negeri Terawas, merupakan upaya yang serius secara bersama-sama dan dukungan positif dari seluruh komponen yang ada di sekolah. (4) Masih terbatasnya kesadaran sebagian siswa akan pentingnya pembinaan nilai-nilai keimanan dan ketakwaan menjadi hambatan pelaksanaan program keagamaan di SMA Negeri Terawas
Manajemen Ekstrakulikuler Rohis di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Palembang
Authors: Arumsari Asri , Misdar Muh , Samiha Yulia Tri
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen ekstrakulikuler rohis di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yang ada di sekolah unggulan Palembang meliputi SMA Plus N 17 Palembang, SMA N 1 Palembang dan SMA N 5 Palembang. Manjemen ekstrakulikuler rohis ini sangat diperlukan agar tujuan dari ekstrakulikuler ini dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana manajemen ektrakulikuler rohis yang meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan di di SMA N 1, SMA N 5, dan SMA 17 Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian Manajemen Program Keagamaan Rohis di SMA Unggulan Palembang, yaitu penelitian kualitatif.  Instrumen penelitian menggunakan dokumentasi, wawancara, observasi serta trianggulasi. Dan analisa data menggunakan reduksi, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program keagamaan rohis di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) unggulan Palembang ketiga sekolah melakukan perencanaan di awal tahun ajaran baru tiap tahunnya untuk mentukan kegiatan apa saja yang akan dilakukan. Pengorganisasian, semua anggota mentoring dan pembina selalu bekerja sama saling membantu dalam kegiatan mentoring. Pelaksanaan, kegiatan mentoring dilakukan di luar kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa. Pengawasan, dari ketiga sekolah pembina melakukan pengawasan tidak secara berkala dan waktunya tidak menentu, kapan saja pembina bisa melakukan pengawasan.
Implementasi Manajemen Peserta Didik Berbasis Sekolah di Palembang
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Berlian Zainal
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi manajemen, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat di SMP Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang bersifat kualitatif naturalistic. Sumber data diperoleh dari data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Kemudian data dianalisis denga cara mereduksi, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, maka diketahui bahwa implementasi manajemen berjalan dengan baik karena ruang lingkup manajemen peserta didik yang diteliti, mulai dari perencanaan peserta didik, penerimaan, orientasi, kehadiran, pengelompokkan, evaluasi, kenaikan, mutasi (perpindahan), drop out (pemberhentian), kode etik, hukuman, dan disiplin sudah berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti. Walaupun ada kekurangan dari sisi sarana dan prasarana yang ada, kekurangan ini berjalan dengan baik karena ada tenaga pendidik, karyawan, peserta didik, orang tua, pemerintah, sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung, serta masyarakat sekitar yang berpartisipasi demi kemajuan sekolah tersebut.
Fungsi Actuating Dalam Layanan Perpustakaan di SMAIT Kota Palembang
Authors: Purnama Adek , Badaruddin Kms , Febriyanti Febriyanti
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tentang fungsi actuating dalam layanan perpustakaan yang akan membahas tentang bagaimana fungsi actuating dalam layanan perpustakaan, bagaimana layanan perpustakaan yang ada di SMAIT Kota Palembang serta faktor penghambat dan pendukung layanan perpustakaan di SMAIT Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif, dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) fungsi actuating dalam layanan perpustakaan di SMAIT adalah  usaha yang dilakukan kepala sekolah untuk menggerakkan pustakawan agar dapat memberikan layanan perpustakaan dengan baik, usaha –usaha yang kepala lakukan adalah sekap kepemimpinan yang baik, komunikasi yang efektif dan pemberian motivasi kepada pustakawan, 2) layanan perpustakaan pustakawan menggunakan sistem layanan terbuka dan campuran dan menyediakan beberapa jenis layanan yaitu layanan sirkulasi, layanan referensi, Layanan literasi, layanan ruang baca, dan layanan pendidikan pemustaka di lakukan setiap 1 tahun sekali. Adapun faktor penghambat layanan perpustakaan meliputi lokasi dan luas gedung perpustakaan, waktu yang dimiliki pemustaka untuk berkunjung ke perpustakaan, kurangnya perhatian dari pemerintah mengenai perpustakaan. Sedangkan faktor pendukung layanan perpustakaan meliputi  fasilitas ruangan perpustakaan yang memadai , dana anggaran perpustakaan , sumber  daya manusia yang profesional dan memiliki latar belakang pendidikan perpustakaan dan ilmu komunikasi, dukungan dari kepala sekolah, beragamnya bahan pustaka yang di milki SMAIT Kota Palembang  dan progaram pojok baca dan bebas pustaka.
Teaching Narrative Reading by Using the Sub-text Strategy for Islamic Senior High School Students
Authors: Holandyah Muhamad , Pitaloka Nova Lingga , Wahyudiyanto Wahyudiyanto
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this study were to find out whether or not there was a significant improvement before and after the treatment on the eleventh grade students’ reading comprehension scores at one Islamic senior high school in Palembang by using Subtext strategy and to find out whether or not there was a significant difference on the eleventh grade students’ reading comprehension scores between the students who were taught by using Subtext Strategy and those who were not. In this study, Quasi Experimental Design using pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups design was used. There were 60 students taken as sample. Each class consisted of 30 students from class XI IPS 2 as control group and class XI IPS 3 as experimental group. In collecting the data, reading comprehension test was used. The test was given twice to both experimental and control groups, as a pretest and posttest. To verify the hypotheses, the data of pretest and posttest were analyzed by using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test in SPSS program. The findings showed that the p-output from paired sample t-test (sig2-tailed) was 0.000 which was lower than 0.05 and t-value 11.399 was higher than t-table with df=29 (2.0452).  The result of p-output from independent sample t-test was 0.001 which was lower than 0.05, and the t-value 3.465 was higher than t-table with df=58 (2.0017). It means that teaching reading narrative text by using Subtext strategy had significant effect on the students’ reading comprehension scores.
Pesantren-Based Higher Education Institutions: The Format of Modern Islamic Education
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to describe and formulate the format of pesantren-based higher education institutions on the aspects of the scientific structure and management at the University of Nurul Jadid Probolinggo and the University of Ibrahimy Situbondo. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and review of documents. Data analysis was performed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data used member check, source, and triangulation method. The results of the study revealed that the pesantren-based higher education institutions had characteristics in scientific integration, such as students had to stay in the boarding school, studied the kitab kuning and join Madrasah Diniyah, and took special compulsory subjects. In the management aspect, the recruitment of educators was based on skills and qualifications, as well as the ability to recite the Qur'an. In terms of higher education policy, the Rector has the highest position but still consults the boarding school caretakers regarding the policies that will be carried out.
Management of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis During the COVID-19 Pandemics: A Portuguese Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Miranda Miguel , Sousa Sandra , Pita Fernando , Carmona Cátia
Published: January 2021

N/a.
Formas de tratamento nas relações familiares no teatro de França Júnior
Authors: Oliveira Marilza de
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho busca apresentar aspectos relacionados com a variação das formas de tratamento em contextos familiares. A análise é baseada em amostra de peças teatrais de França Júnior escritas na segunda metade do século XIX. Partindo da ideia de que o comportamento linguístico não é meramente cognitivo e inspirando-nos no paradigma indiciário de Carlo Ginzbug, concentramo-nos nos contextos enunciativos para examinar sinais que permitam decifrar o valor simbólico das formas de tratamento. Do ponto de vista metodológico, estendemos ao âmbito linguístico a proposta das três escalas comparativas usadas por Norbert Elias para a análise sociológica. Com esse procedimento, concatenamos a fala às dimensões sociais, afetivas e emocionais e estabelecemos uma correlação entre formas de tratamento e variação estilística.
Attitude Assessment Analysis on the 2013 Curriculum Based on the Implementation of Rehearsal Pairs Practice (PRP) Model
Authors: Khudaefah Khudaefah , Arlianty Widinda Normalia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to know the assessment of student attitudes in the 2013 curriculum after being applied to learning with the Rehearsal Pairs Practice model (PRP). This research was conducted at Senior high school (Madrasah Aliyah) Sunan Pandanaran Yogyakarta. The application of this learning model is carried out on the buffer solution material. The population of this research is all students of class XI MA Sunan Pandanaran academic year 2017/2018. The sample in this study amounted to two classes taken by purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique was performed using a non-test technique, namely using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Independent Sample T-Test Statistical Test. The results obtained are no differences in student achievement in attitude after being applied with the Practice Rehearsal Pairs (PRP) model.
Metachronous Primary Cerebral Rhabdomyosarcoma After Treatment of Oral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor/ Ewing’s Sarcoma in a School-Aged Girl
Authors: Gonong Danielle Anne , Madrid Manuelito
Published: January 2021

Multiple primary malignancies are defined as two or three malignant neoplasms arising in different organ systems. Several cases of multiple primary malignancies are emerging in recent years due to the advancement in medical therapy and diagnostics. Multiple primary malignancies are not uncommon occurring at 0.7-16% of cancer patients, however, reported cases of multiple primary sarcomas are sparse. Presented in this report is a pediatric patient diagnosed with primary metachronous cerebralrhabdomyosarcoma after being treated for primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing’s sarcoma of the oral cavity. Despite limited cases addressing multiple primary sarcomas, this entity must not be overlooked as it is associated with a meager outcome compared to an index case of sarcoma alone.
A repetição na língua falada: propriedades discursivas e gramaticais
Authors: Castilho Ataliba Teixeira de , Souza-Santos José Elderson de , Danfá Abdulai
Published: January 2021

Neste trabalho, partindo de Marcuschi (2015) e Castilho (1997), estudamos o papel discursivo e gramatical da repetição na língua falada. Nossa hipótese é que a língua é um sistema complexo, integrado pelo Léxico, Discurso, Gramática e Semântica, nos termos da Abordagem multissistêmica da língua (CASTILHO, 2010). Nosso objetivo é demonstrar que a repetição, entendida como a reiteração de um segmento idêntico ou semelhante, é um processo constitutivo das línguas naturais, dispondo de propriedades discursivas e gramaticais, para além das propriedades semânticas e lexicais, que não serão examinadas aqui. Nossos dados foram colhidos em entrevistas do tipo diálogo entre dois informantes do Projeto NURC/Ba. Como resultados, tem-se a formulação, fundamentada em Marcuschi (2015), de quadros de manifestações e funções das repetições (norteadores de nossa busca por ocorrências do fenômeno no corpus delimitado). Além disso, investigamos processos de gramaticalização envolvendo os advérbios “sim” e “não”, cujas análises apontam para a condição do “sim” ser apagado em respostas de cunho afirmativo, enquanto o verbo é repetido. No caso do “não”, a realidade se inverte. Este é mantido em respostas negativas, sendo, costumeiramente, o verbo apagado. Também destacamos que a repetição do “não” em respostas negativas pode ocasionar efeito de ênfase.
Subject Index
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: January 2021

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Wafer-scale van der Waals Dielectrics of Inorganic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Liu Kailang , Jin Bao , Han Wei , Chen Xiang , Gong Penglai , Huang Li , Zhao Yinghe , Li Liang , Yang Sanjun , Hu Xiaozong , Duan Junyuan , Liu Lixin , Zhuge Fuwei , Zhai Tianyou
Published: January 2021

Van der Waals (vdW) dielectrics such as hBN are widely used to preserve the intrinsic properties of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and support the fabrication of high-performance 2D devices. This is fundamentally attributed to their dangling-bond-free surface, carrying far lower density of charged scattering sources and trap states with respect to the conventional dielectrics (SiO2 etc.). However, their wafer-scale fabrication and compatible integration with 2D semiconductors remain cumbersome, giving rise to the difficulties in scalable fabrication of high-performance 2D devices. Here we report a high-κ vdW dielectric (εr=11.5) composed of inorganic molecular crystal (IMC) Sb2O3, allowing for large-scale fabrication and facile integration via standard thermal evaporation process thanks to its particular crystal structure. Similarly, our vdW dielectric also supports remarkably improved 2D devices with respect to the typical conventional dielectric SiO2. The monolayer MoS2 field effect transistors (FET) supported by our vdW dielectric exhibits high on/off ratio (108), greatly enhanced electron mobility (from 20 to 80 cm2/Vs) and reduced transfer-curve hysteresis over an order of magnitude. Our results may open a new avenue towards compatible fabrication of vdW dielectrics using IMCs and lead to the scalable fabrication of high-performance 2D devices.
Exploring Fabrication Characterization and Functionalization of Transition Iron Oxide, Rare Earth Erbium Oxide, and Dual Oxides Nanocomposites for Biomedical Assay
Authors: P Umadevi , Irusan Baskaran , Balaraman Sathyaseelan , K Senthilnathan , Malik Maaza , Elayaperumal Manikandan
Published: January 2021

In this report, we intend to synthesis the iron oxide (Fe2O3), erbium oxide (Er2O3) and a composite of erbium oxide/iron oxide (Er2O3/Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) by a microwave irradiation technique. After the synthesis, we explore the various physicochemical properties of the sample with the help of various systematic characterization techniques. First, the prepared sample has been subjected to XRD for determining the crystal structure. Then, we confirm the functional groups of the sample with the help of FTIR. Further, we analyze the absorbance and the band gap by UV-Vis spectrometer. Besides, we also investigate the microbial studies, namely, the anti-bacterial and the anti-fungal. Finally, we also analyze the response of human breast cancer cells when they are exposed to iron oxide (Fe2O3), erbium oxide (Er2O3) and a composite of erbium oxide/iron oxide (Er2O3/Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) with MDA MB 231 by MTT assay.
Cortical oscillations to measure anti-epileptic drug activity in clinical trials
Authors: Biondi Andrea , Rocchi Lorenzo , Santoro Viviana , Beatch Gregory , Rossini Pierre , Richardson Mark , Premoli Isabella
Published: January 2021

The frequency analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, either spontaneous or evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-EEG), is a powerful tool to investigate changes in brain activity and excitability following the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, a systematic evaluation of the effect of AEDs on spontaneous and TMS-induced brain oscillations has not yet been provided. We studied the effects of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and of a novel potassium channel opener (XEN1101) on TMS-induced and spontaneous brain oscillations in a group of healthy volunteers. Levetiracetam suppressed TMS-induced theta, alpha and beta power, whereas lamotrigine increased TMS-induced alpha power. XEN1101 decreased TMS-induced delta, theta and beta power. Resting-state EEG showed a decrease of theta band power after lamotrigine intake. Levetiracetam increased theta, beta and gamma power, while XEN1101 produced an increase of delta, theta, beta and gamma power. Different AEDs induce specific patterns of power changes in spontaneous and TMS-induced brain oscillations. Spontaneous and TMS-induced cortical oscillations represent a powerful tool to characterize the effect of AEDs on in vivo brain activity. Spectral fingerprints of specific AEDs should be further investigated to provide robust and objective biomarkers of biological effect in human clinical trials.
Tenascin-C promotes bladder cancer progression, depends on syndecan-4 and involves NF-κB signaling activation
Authors: guan zhenfeng , sun yi , mu liang , jiang yazhuo , fan Jinhai
Published: January 2021

Bladder cancer (BCa) is an unfortunately critical genitourinary tract disease with an uncertain pathology. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment is decisive with respect to cancer progression, and that this is driven by tumor cell interactions with stromal components. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an important extracellular matrix (ECM) component and TN-C has been reported to be involved in other cancers, i.e. breast cancer. Expression of TN-C in BCa tissue is reported to positively correlate to BCa pathologic grade, yet the presence of urine TN-C is regarded as an independent risk factor for BCa. Thus, we assessed the value of TN-C in BCa tissues and noted that it also was increased according to tumor grade and was an independent risk factor for BCa. In fact, TN-C contributes to BCa cell migration, invasion and proliferation and this is dependent on syndecan-4 and involves NF-κB signaling activation. How syndecan-4 is linked to activation of NF-κB signaling is unclear. Our data provide a foundation for future investigations into TN-C’s contribution to BCa progression.
Understanding condensation domain selectivity in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis: structural characterization of the acceptor bound state
Authors: Cryle Max , Izore Thierry , Ho Y. T. , Kaczmarski Joe , Gavriilidou Athina , Chow Ka , Steer David , Goode Robert , Schittenhelm Ralf , Tailhades Julien , Tosin Manuela , Challis Gregory , Krenske Elizabeth , Ziemert Nadine , Jackson Colin
Published: January 2021

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases are important enzymes for the assembly of complex peptide natural products. Within these multi-modular assembly lines, condensation domains perform the central function of chain assembly, typically by forming a peptide bond between two peptidyl carrier protein (PCP)-bound substrates. In this work, we report the first structural snapshots of a condensation domain in complex with an aminoacyl-PCP acceptor substrate. These structures allow the identification of a mechanism that controls access of acceptor substrates to the active site in condensation domains. The structures of this previously uncharacterized complex also allow us to demonstrate that condensation domain active sites do not contain a distinct pocket to select the side chain of the acceptor substrate during peptide assembly but that residues within the active site motif can instead serve to tune the selectivity of these central biosynthetic domains.
Anatomical Consideration of Deep Calf Veins: Application to Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: January 2021

An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters, therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important. This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein in order to determine which are preferable for venous access. This study dissected 132 legs from Korean and Thai cadavers. The proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein were scanned and measured. The mean diameter and surface area were largest for the proximal tibial vein, at 6.34 mm and 0.312 cm2, respectively, followed by the anterior tibial vein (5.22 mm and 0.213 cm2), distal posterior tibial vein (3.29 mm and 0.091 cm2), and peroneal vein (3.43 mm and 0.081 cm2). The proximal posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein have large diameters and surface areas, which make them ideal for applying an antegrade approach in catheter-directed thrombolysis. The distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein are not recommended due to their smaller surface areas and also the anatomical variations therein.
Co-Contraction Analyses of the Body Wall Muscles in Caenorhabditis Elegans by Calcium Imaging Assay and Simulation
Authors: Soh Zu , Yamashita Hiroki , Suzuki Michiyo , Sakamoto Kazuma , Tsuji Toshio
Published: January 2021

Caenorhabditis elegans can generate locomotion under various environments with completely different drag levels. Therefore, animals should have strategies for adapting to the changes in the dynamics of locomotion imposed by various environments. We hypothesized that co-contraction between the ventral and dorsal body wall muscles plays such a role and validated the presence of a co-contraction strategy through both experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. To this end, the fluorescence of calcium ion (Ca2+) corresponding to a part of activities of the body wall muscles were measured. The results indicated a significant difference in the co-fluorescence rate between the animals moving in low- and high-drag environments. The contribution of co-contraction to the dynamics of locomotion was then analysed using a body dynamics model. The simulation results suggested that co-contraction allows the dominance of body stiffness over viscous drag so that the phase difference between the local curvature of the body and muscle activities can be maintained under different environmental drag levels. Therefore, co-contraction can be an effective strategy for adapting to environmental drag that changes the dynamics of locomotion.
In Vitro Investigations on Optimizing and Nebulization of IVT-mRNA Formulations for Potential Pulmonary Based Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Treatment
Authors: Rosenecker Joseph , Guan Shan , Darmstädter Max , Xu Chuanfei
Published: January 2021

Background: In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has come into focus in recent years as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic diseases. The pulmonary delivery of IVT-mRNA encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a promising strategy for protein replacement therapy of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). The nebulized A1AT-mRNA formulations would be a highly acceptable and tolerable remedy for the AATD patients in the future. Method: we first optimized parameters that were influencing the transfection efficiency of formulations containing IVT-mRNA and Lipofectamine2000 based on human bronchial epithelial cells transfection. Cell viability was evaluated by performing MTT assay after transfection with different IVT-mRNA lipoplexes. Functional analysis was employed to assess the biological function of A1AT proteins produced from optimized formulations using anti-trypsin assay and anti-elastase assay. Results: Lipoplexes prepared by IVT-mRNA encoding A1AT (A1AT-mRNA) in optimum conditions can successfully transfect human bronchial epithelial cells without significant toxicity. A reduction in transfection efficiency was observed for aerosolized lipoplexes that can be partially overcome by increasing the initial amount of components. A1AT produced from cells transfected by nebulized A1AT-mRNA lipoplexes is functional and can successfully inhibit the enzyme activity of trypsin as well as elastase. Conclusion: Aerosolization of A1AT-mRNA therapeutic constitute a potentially powerful means to transfect airway epithelial cells with the purpose of producing functional A1AT while bringing along the unique advantages of IVT-mRNA.
JNK and p38 Inhibitors Prevent Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Myofibroblasts Transdifferentiation in Graves' Orbital Fibroblasts
Authors: Hou Tzu-Yu , Wu Shi-Bei , Kau Hui-Chuan , Tsai Chieh-Chih
Published: January 2021

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation from orbital fibroblasts is known to dominate tissue remodeling and fibrosis in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). However, the signaling pathway through which TGF-β1 activates Graves’ orbital fibroblasts is unclear. This study investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation of Graves’ orbital fibroblasts. MAPK pathways were assessed by measuring the phosphorylation levels of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) using Western blot analysis. The expression levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) representing fibrogenesis processes were analysed. Specific pharmacologic kinase inhibitors were used to confirm the involvement of MAPK pathways. After treating Graves’ orbital fibroblasts with TGF-β1, the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK but not ERK were increased. Meanwhile, CTGF, α-SMA and fibronectin were overexpressed. After pre-incubation with p38, JNK and ERK inhibitors respectively, the TGF-β1-induced expression of CTGF, α-SMA, fibronectin, TIMP-1 and TIMP3 was abolished by p38 and JNK inhibitors but not ERK inhibitors. This study confirmed TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation in Graves' orbital fibroblasts via p38 and JNK signaling. Thus, MAPK pathways may be potential targets for the management of GO.
Oral Health Status among Older Adults Attending Public Clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salih Mayson , Ali Raouf , Nasir Elwalid
Published: January 2021

Background

As the number of older adults is growing worldwide, understanding the extension of the oral health problems of the older population is important for the determination of treatment needs and for future planning of dental services. This study assessed the oral health status and prosthetic needs among a group of older adults living in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Methods

A cross sectional study among individuals ≥ 60 years attending Health Care Centers. The clinical examination was based on the WHO oral health examination form for adults, 2013, which includes dentition status, periodontal conditions, oral mucosal lesions, tooth wear, prosthetic status and prosthetic needs.
Results

249 older adults participated in the study, 64.3% were males and the mean age was 68.4 years (SD ± 6.7). The mean (DMFT) was 15.9 (SD ± 9.1), with 85.3%, 94.8%, and 19.3% of the participants had decayed, missed or filled teeth, respectively. Periodontal pockets were present in 41.9% of the participants and attachment loss was in 84.2%. Only 14.9% had mucosal lesions while 46.2% showed signs of tooth wear. Although only 5.2% were completely edentulous, 93.2% of the participants need at least one unit prosthesis while only 10% had removable dentures. The main predicting factors of poor oral health were being female, poor oral hygiene practices, frequency and reason of dental visits, and poor perceived poor oral health.
Conclusion

Despite the low level of edentulism, the oral health of older adults of the studied Sudanese population was poor. They showed high prevalence and severity of missed and decayed teeth, periodontal disease and high prosthetic treatment needs.
A retrospective study of electroencephalogram parameters during general anaesthesia in infants and young children
Authors: Gao Zhengzheng , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Xiaoxue , Yao Mengnan , Sun Lan , Qiu Dongyu , Ren Yi
Published: January 2021

Background

This retrospective study describes electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters in infants and young children under general anaesthesia. The study’s primary objective was to detect determinants of patient state index (PSI) levels.
Methods

We analysed EEG parameters in patients aged 1–36 months who received sevoflurane or propofol as the primary anaesthetic in Beijing Children’s Hospital from September 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020. Patients were stratified into two age groups: 1–12 and 13–36 months. The relationship between EEG parameters and clinical parameters was analysed by multivariable linear regression.
Results

Sixty-two patients were involved in the final analysis, including 35 boys and 27 girls. Average patient age and weight were 14.5 (5.8–24.0) months and 9.9 (8.0–12) kg, respectively. Spectral edge frequency (SEF), PSI and blood pressure were lower (p < 0.001) and burst suppression rate (BSR) and heart rate higher (p < 0.001) at the age of 1–12 months under general anaesthesia. The most significant factor associated with higher levels of PSI was a higher SEF at the age of 1–36 months (1–12 months p = 0.001; 13–26 months p < 0.001); burst suppression occurrence decreased the PSI level (p = 0.031). Older age or higher blood pressure increased PSI levels in children under 1 year old (p = 0.028 and p = 0.002).
Conclusions

SEF was the most significant determinant associated with PSI levels in infants and young children during general anaesthesia, and burst suppression occurrence decreases the PSI level. Moreover, age and blood pressure might affect PSI levels in infants.
Healthcare Providers Experiences of Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care in Somaliland: An Explorative Study with Focus on Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Kiruja Jonah , Essén Birgitta , Erlandsson Kerstin , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Osman Fatumo
Published: January 2021

Background: Severe obstetric morbidity and mortality remain a serious challenge in developing countries such as Somaliland. Despite the wide implementation of comprehensive emergency obstetric care in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Somaliland, the reduction of severe maternal morbidity and mortality has been slow. Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the provision of emergency obstetric care in a referral hospital and four maternal and child health centers in Somaliland. Method: An exploratory qualitative approach using focus group discussions was employed at the main referral and teaching hospital and four maternal and child health centers in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Twenty-eight healthcare providers were divided into groups of 6-8 for 1 to 2-hour discussions. HCPs included in the study had experiences in providing care to women with severe maternal complications. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Collectivistic decision making through family ties was identified by HCPs to act as a barrier to provision of life saving obstetric interventions. This tradition of decision making at a group level rather than at the individual level was perceived as time-consuming and delayed HCPs from obtaining informed consent to provide lifesaving obstetric care. Low socioeconomic status, poor knowledge about maternal healthcare among users affected care seeking among women. Suboptimal care affecting provision of emergency obstetric care at the hospital was reported to be due to miscommunication, inadequate interprofessional collaboration and lack of infrastructure. Conclusion: HCPs experiences provided vital insights into the care provided to women with severe obstetric complications in Somaliland. To ensure smooth and timely decision-making processes, the antenatal period can be used to prepare families for potential obstetric emergencies and to obtain signed consents. Key Words: Maternal, Somaliland, Healthcare providers, Family ties, Emergency obstetric care, Cesarean section