bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, defect, transport, and solution properties of Li2GeO3
Authors: Pathmanathan Kowthaman , Iyngaran Poobalasuntharam , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah
Published: July 2023

Development of rechargeable batteries for electronic appliances requires advancement of synthesizing new anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials. Li2GeO3 is a candidate anode material for use in lithium ion batteries owing to its fast Li-ion conductivity. Using advanced computational simulation techniques based on the classical potentials, we investigate the defect, diffusion, and dopant properties of Li2GeO3. Our simulation finds that the minimum energy defect process is the Li-Frenkel. The Li–Ge anti-site defect cluster is higher in energy by 0.45 eV than the Li-Frenkel. The long-range Li diffusion pathway is along the c-direction with an activation energy of 0.36 eV agreeing with the experimental observation. The most promising isovalent dopants on the Li and the Ge sites are the Na and the Si, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of lithium interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be experimentally verified by doping of Al3+ on the Ge site.
Numerical solution for the electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid flow between two parallel rotating surfaces subject to thermal radiation
Authors: Allehiany F. M. , Bilal Muhammad , Alfwzan Wafa F. , Ali Aatif , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: July 2023

In the current analysis, the steady and incompressible magnetohydrodynamics hybrid nanofluid (hnf) flow across two spinning permeable surfaces is studied. The hybrid nanoliquid has been examined under the additional effects of heat source, magnetic field, and Arrhenius activation energy. The hnf is synthesized by the dispersion of silicon dioxide and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The flow scenario has been communicated in the form of a system of nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), which are degraded and dimensionless to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations through appropriate similarity replacement. For the solution of reduced first-order differential equations, a numerical technique is employed. The consequences of physical flow parameters on energy, mass, and velocity profiles are shown through figures. It has been observed that the radial velocity profile increases with the influence of the suction factor and decreases with the effect of surface stretching and the rotation factor. The heat transmission rate increases with the impact of the Reynolds number.
Symmetry- and gradient-enhanced Gaussian process regression for the active learning of potential energy surfaces in porous materials
Authors: Krondorfer Johannes K. , Binder Christian W. , Hauser Andreas W.
Published: July 2023

The theoretical investigation of gas adsorption, storage, separation, diffusion, and related transport processes in porous materials relies on a detailed knowledge of the potential energy surface of molecules in a stationary environment. In this article, a new algorithm is presented, specifically developed for gas transport phenomena, which allows for a highly cost-effective determination of molecular potential energy surfaces. It is based on a symmetry-enhanced version of Gaussian process regression with embedded gradient information and employs an active learning strategy to keep the number of single point evaluations as low as possible. The performance of the algorithm is tested for a selection of gas sieving scenarios on porous, N-functionalized graphene and for the intermolecular interaction of CH4 and N2.
Enhancing photodetection performance of UV photodetectors with stacked Pt/NiO dual capping layers on IGZO thin-film transistors
Authors: Ko Rong-Ming , Wang Shui-Jinn , Huang Sin-Jhih , Wu Chien-Hung , Chen Wei-Han , Cheng Hao-Che
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a solution to mitigate the trade-off between dark and photocurrents in the indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) applications, such as ultraviolet photodetectors, by using a stacked Pt/NiO dual capping layer (CL). The Pt CL forms a Schottky contact with the IGZO channel, which maximizes the depletion width on the channel layer and allows the use of a thicker channel to suppress both dark current and channel resistance. On the other hand, the NiO CL forms a pn heterojunction with the IGZO channel, which provides additional space for generating electron–hole pairs and is forward biased by the photovoltaic voltage under UV irradiation, resulting in a further negative shift in the threshold voltage and a significant increase in photocurrent. Experimental results show that the proposed CL scheme exhibits excellent photoresponsivity, photosensitivity, and specific detectivity in a 40 nm-thick IGZO TFT, with the values of 1888 A/W, 3.37 × 108 A/A, and 3.99 × 1016 Jones, respectively, which are about 55%, 83%, and 68% higher than a traditional 30 nm-thick IGZO TFT using only NiO CL under 275 nm UV irradiation.
Self-corrected orthonormalized ghost imaging through dynamic and complex scattering media
Authors: Zhou Lina , Xiao Yin , Chen Wen
Published: July 2023

In this Letter, we report a setup design to realize high-visibility orthonormalized ghost imaging (GI) with self-correction through dynamic and complex scattering media at low sampling ratios. With the design of a parallel detection, a mismatch between illumination patterns and intensity measurements is corrected. Gram–Schmidt orthonormalization is further applied to the illumination patterns and corrected intensities in order to implement high-visibility GI through dynamic and complex scattering media at low sampling ratios. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed self-correction and orthonormalization enable high-visibility and high-efficiency GI through dynamic and complex scattering media at low sampling ratios. The proposed method offers a promising alternative to overcome the challenge faced by conventional GI in implementing high-visibility object reconstruction through dynamic and complex scattering media at low sampling ratios.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and lithium ion diffusion rate of LiFePO4 by Fe site and P site doping
Authors: Jiao L. X. , Li Z. Q. , Zhu Y. Z. , Wei Z. , Liang Y. , Wang X. L. , Cui Y. , Zhang Z. H. , He M. , Song Bo
Published: July 2023

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) with an olivine-type structure has garnered great interest due to its electrochemical activity. It is considered one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of its high discharge platform, large theoretical capacity, and excellent cycling performance and stability. However, the typical crystal structure of LiFePO4 restricts the formation of efficient electron conduction pathways and hampers the embedding and removal motion of lithium ions, resulting in low electron conductivity and a low ion diffusion rate. The experimental results show that element doping can reduce the activation energy of diffusion, increase the diffusion rate of lithium ions, improve the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries, and contribute to the improvement of its conductivity. In this work, the electronic structure and diffusion mechanism of a S/Co/Mn co-doped LiFePO4 system are systematically studied. The introduction of S, Co, and Mn atoms leads to the formation of impurity bands, resulting in a significant reduction in the bandgap from 3.593 eV to 0.190 eV, which is beneficial for improving the conductivity of LiFePO4. Moreover, the diffusion activation energy of lithium ions decreases from 0.73 eV to 0.34 eV, and the diffusion rate of lithium ions increases from 2.7 × 109 cm/s to 1.0 × 1016 cm/s. These results demonstrate that co-doping of S, Co, and Mn can effectively enhance the conductivity and diffusion rate of lithium ions in LiFePO4, providing a reliable reference for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate.
Systematics of the Ogyris aenone (Waterhouse, 1902) complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): threatened Australian butterflies of national conservation significance
Authors: Beaver Ethan P. , Braby Michael F. , Mikheyev Alexander S.
Published: July 2023

The butterfly genus Ogyris Angas, 1847 consists of several striking but poorly resolved complexes endemic to Australia and New Guinea, many of which have an obligate association with ants. Here, we revise the systematics of the Ogyris aenone (Waterhouse, 1902) complex through an integrative taxonomic approach based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological examination, life histories and ecology. Mitochondrial sequence data based on concatenated cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) (total of 1203 bp) for 36 ingroup samples were generated and combined with sequences available on NCBI GenBank for Ogyris. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood methods resolved five taxa within this group, with one taxon, Ogyris caelestia Beaver & Braby sp. nov., described as a new species and another, O. doddi stat. rev., raised to full species. Phylogenetic relationships among the five taxa are as follows: (O. caelestia + O. aenone) + (O. ianthis + (O. iphis + O. doddi)). This revision brings the number of recognised Ogyris species to 16 and for the tribe Ogyrini to 18. This group of butterflies was found to be scarce – field samples of host trees that had the co-occurrence of both mistletoe and the appropriate attendant ant at 12 locations in eastern and northern Australia revealed low rates of occupancy (<50%, with an overall average of 17%) based on the presence of immature stages of the five butterfly species. The complete life histories, general biology and ecology of all members of this species-group are illustrated and diagnosed for the first time and confusing aspects of the literature are clarified. Several taxa are of conservation significance, including the new species, and future directions are discussed in relation to this. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC258ED6-AA1F-4E11-BFE1-D0A612E4F166
Gluing of Lorentzian length spaces and the causal ladder
Authors: Rott Felix
Published: July 2023

We investigate the compatibility of Lorentzian amalgamation with various properties of Lorentzian pre-length spaces. In particular, we give conditions under which gluing of Lorentzian length spaces yields again a Lorentzian length space and we give criteria which preserve many steps of the causal ladder. We conclude with some thoughts on the causal properties which seem not so easily transferable.
A two-stage numerical approach for the sparse initial source identification of a diffusion–advection equation
*
Authors: Biccari Umberto , Song Yongcun , Yuan Xiaoming , Zuazua Enrique
Published: July 2023

We consider the problem of identifying a sparse initial source condition to achieve a given state distribution of a diffusion–advection partial differential equation after a given final time. The initial condition is assumed to be a finite combination of Dirac measures. The locations and intensities of this initial condition are required to be identified. This problem is known to be exponentially ill-posed because of the strong diffusive and smoothing effects. We propose a two-stage numerical approach to treat this problem. At the first stage, to obtain a sparse initial condition with the desire of achieving the given state subject to a certain tolerance, we propose an optimal control problem involving sparsity-promoting and ill-posedness-avoiding terms in the cost functional, and introduce a generalized primal-dual algorithm for this optimal control problem. At the second stage, the initial condition obtained from the optimal control problem is further enhanced by identifying its locations and intensities in its representation of the combination of Dirac measures. This two-stage numerical approach is shown to be easily implementable and its efficiency in short time horizons is promisingly validated by the results of numerical experiments. Some discussions on long time horizons are also included.
Fiber-coupled phosphor thermometry for wall temperature measurements in a full-scale hydrogen gas turbine combustor
Authors: Nau Patrick , Müller Andre , Petry Niklas , Nilsson Sebastian , Endres Torsten , Richter Mattias , Witzel Benjamin
Published: July 2023

Online wall temperatures were measured with fiber-coupled phosphor thermometry in a full-scale gas turbine combustor. The combustor was operated with natural gas and up to 100 vol% hydrogen at engine-relevant conditions. Two phosphors were tested for this application, namely YAG:Dy and YAG:Tm;Li. Although YAG:Tm;Li seemed to be the most promising phosphor for this application, it turned out to be incompatible with the used setup due to a strong interfering signal generated by the laser in the used fiber setup. A strategy to compensate for interferences from flame emissions during natural gas operation was developed. With this strategy it was possible to obtain single-shot temperature measurements at 15 Hz and a precision of 2–7 K for a 1 s average.
Elastic anisotropy and its temperature dependence for cubic crystals revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Mei Haojie , Wang Feifei , Li Jinfu , Kong Lingti
Published: July 2023

The temperature dependent phonon dispersions of BCC iron and tungsten were measured by running molecular dynamics simulations, based on which the elastic constants and elastic anisotropy were derived. It is found that the elastic constants decrease with increasing the temperature, while the elastic anisotropy generally enhances. Detailed analysis reveals that the lattice thermal expansion effect dominates the decreasing of elastic constants, which also tends to weaken the elastic anisotropy. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal vibration effect lowers the elastic constants related to the longitudinal waves, while has little impact on other elastic constants, thereby enhancing the elastic anisotropy. The overall effect of temperature on the elastic anisotropy in turn depends on the competition/compromise between the lattice thermal expansion and the thermal vibrations.
The singularities of the rate function of quantum coherent work in one-dimensional transverse field Ising model
Authors: Xu Bao-Ming , Wang Chao-Quan
Published: July 2023

Quantum coherence will undoubtedly play a fundamental role in understanding of the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, thereby to reveal its genuine contribution is of great importance. In this paper, we specialize our discussions to the one-dimensional transverse field quantum Ising model initialized in the coherent Gibbs state. After quenching the strength of the transverse field, the effects of quantum coherence are studied by the rate function of quantum work distribution. We find that quantum coherence not only recovers the quantum phase transition destroyed by thermal fluctuations, but also generates some entirely new singularities both in the static state and dynamics. It can be manifested that these singularities are rooted in spin flips causing the sudden change of the domain boundaries of spin polarization. This work sheds new light on the fundamental connection between quantum critical phenomena and quantum coherence.
Cicada wing-inspired artificial nanopatterns with antifouling properties for clay adhesion
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Shimizu Tomohiro , Shingubara Shoso , Ito Takeshi
Published: July 2023

To clarify the antifouling properties of cicada-inspired nanostructured surfaces and search for a long-term usable antifouling material, the wings of two types of cicadas in Japan, Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (GN) and Cryptotympana facialis (CF), were examined by surface wettability and surface free energy. Furthermore, considering the complexity and mechanical stability of natural nanostructured surfaces, we mimicked both cicada wing surfaces by combining nanosphere lithography and metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) on Si wafer, which is low-cost and large-area pattern-fabricable. We obtained artificial nanopatterns with pillar pitches of 200, 500, and 1000 nm (naming 200, 500, and 1000 series). As a result, comparing artificial nanopatterns with cicada wings indicated that nanopillar structures with high roughness factors or structural aspect ratios are likely to have excellent hydrophobic properties and antifouling features. Cryptotympana facialis wings and 200 series Si samples showed less clay particle adhesion than other patterns. These results indicate smaller structured surfaces where air may get trapped, resulting in hydrophobic surfaces contributing to self-cleaning or fouling-release properties. Further, reducing the contact area between nanostructures and clay can be used as an effective strategy to prevent clay adhesion has been proposed, but it has targeted limitations. Herein, we present a novel insight that more fine and high-structural-density nanostructural patterns are universal to prevent clay adhesion.
Simple model for a study of Λ hypernuclei in medium and heavy mass regions
Authors: Yoshinaga N , Umeya A , Ebata S , Nojima T , Ito S
Published: July 2023

We propose a simple and versatile model for Λ hypernuclei in medium- and heavy-mass regions to obtain their low-lying energy levels and electromagnetic transitions. In this model, we treat the core nucleus as a simple indivisible union of nucleons, and its properties are considered based on the experimental data. The interaction between nucleons in the core and a Λ particle is assumed to be weak and is treated perturbatively. We study medium- and heavy-Λ hypernuclei, i.e.,

Λ

51

V,

Λ

52

V,

Λ

89

Y,

Λ

139

La, and

Λ

208

Pb. To check the applicability of the model to a lighter hypernucleus, we apply it to

Λ

19

F, where γ-ray transitions have been experimentally observed. The present study demonstrates that the low-lying excited states of the core nucleus below 2 MeV, in addition to the ground state of the core nucleus have to be considered in the calculation of spectra and electromagnetic transitions in the low-lying states of Λ hypernuclei. The proposed model helps us theoretically study specific medium- and heavy-hypernuclei where large-scale shell-model studies are intractable to carry out.
The modification of roughness to corner effect in plasma etching
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: July 2023

Plasma etching, a quite vital technique for transferring the mask pattern onto the substrate, is subjected to charging phenomena. Compared to the round contact-hole which has been studied by a great deal of previous research on the charging issues, the rectangle mask hole presents a significant corner effect. The case study here thus focuses on several kinds of isolated rectangle mask holes with various edge roughnesses and ratios of length (L) and width (W
d). The modification of the roughness to the corner effect has been investigated using classical particle simulations, including a string algorithm for the evolution of the hole opening. This work shows that the corner effect becomes unobvious with the increase of the dominant amplitude and with the decrease of the wavelength of the roughness. In addition, the simulated results indicate that a small ratio (L: W
d) can reduce the corner effect. Mechanisms behind these observations were explained mainly based on the analysis of the spatial electric field distribution as well as the opening evolution. This study would be beneficial for controlling the rectangle mask pattern transfer.
Structural, optical, and dielectric characteristics of pulsed laser deposited SnO2-TiO2 composite thin films
Authors: Kajal Rashmi , Kandasami Asokan , Kataria Bharat , Solanki Pankaj , Mohan Devendra
Published: July 2023

Pulsed laser deposition was used to fabricate the thin films of SnO2 and SnO2-TiO2 composites on FTO substrates and these films were characterized to understand the effect of TiO2 on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of SnO2. The Tauc plots confirm that the composite films have a higher band gap energy than SnO2. EDX spectra demonstrate that the thin films contain Ti, Sn, and O ions. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate three blue emission bands at wavelengths of 410, 435, and 460 nm and these are due to the oxygen vacancies or interstitial oxygen ions and defect-related states. These films are n-type semiconductors as verified by the Hall Effect measurements. At the interface of the film, the frequency dependence of the dielectric at room temperature reveals that as the frequency increases, the dielectric constant and dielectric losses decrease. SnO2 film has a significantly higher a.c. conductivity than the SnO2-TiO2 composite films. The correlated barrier hopping (CBH) mechanism is responsible for the conduction behaviour and obeys Johncher’s power law (n < 1). The addition of TiO2 in SnO2 affects the structural, optical, dielectric, and ac conductivity of films at room temperature.
Gamma rays bursts: a viable cosmological probe?
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Rani Nisha , Jain Deepak , Mahajan Shobhit , Mukherjee Amitabha
Published: July 2023

In this work, our focus is on exploring the potential of current GRB measurements to provide reliable constraints on cosmological model parameters at high redshift. This work is divided into two parts. First, we calibrate the Amati relation in a model-independent way by using Hubble parameter measurements obtained from the differential ages of the galaxies. We further check if the Amati relation parameters evolve with the GRBs' redshift or not, using the data of Old Astrophysical Objects. The results indicate that GRBs do seem to evolve with redshift. In the second part, we test different cosmological models with the calibrated GRB data obtained by using constant and dynamical Amati relation. Our results indicate that the present quality of GRB data is not good enough to put tight constraints on the cosmological parameters. Hence we perform a joint analysis with the combined data of GRBs and Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) and find that this can considerably enhance cosmological constraints in contrast to solely relying on GRBs.
Minimal decoherence from inflation
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Holman R. , Kaplanek Greg , Martin Jérôme , Vennin Vincent
Published: July 2023

We compute the rate with which super-Hubble cosmological
fluctuations are decohered during inflation, by their gravitational
interactions with unobserved shorter-wavelength scalar and tensor
modes. We do so using Open Effective Field Theory methods, that
remain under control at the late times of observational interest,
contrary to perturbative calculations. Our result is minimal in the
sense that it only incorporates the self-interactions predicted by
General Relativity in single-clock models (additional interaction
channels should only speed up decoherence). We find that decoherence
is both suppressed by the first slow-roll parameter and by the
energy density during inflation in Planckian units, but that it is
enhanced by the volume comprised within the scale of interest, in
Hubble units. This implies that, for the scales probed in the Cosmic
Microwave Background, decoherence is effective as soon as inflation
proceeds above ∼ 5 × 109 GeV. Alternatively, if
inflation proceeds at GUT scale decoherence is incomplete only for
the scales crossing out the Hubble radius in the last ∼ 13
 e-folds of inflation. We also compute how short-wavelength scalar modes decohere primordial tensor perturbations, finding a faster rate unsuppressed by slow-roll parameters.
Identifying the parametric dependence of decoherence, and the rate at
which it proceeds, helps suggest ways to look for quantum
effects.
Parameter estimation for Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with ringdown signals*
Authors: Shao Cai-Ying , Hu Yu , Shao Cheng-Gang
Published: July 2023

Future space-based gravitational-wave detectors will detect gravitational waves with high sensitivity in the millihertz frequency band, providing more opportunities to test theories of gravity than ground-based detectors. The study of quasinormal modes (QNMs) and their application in gravity theory testing have been an important aspect in the field of gravitational physics. In this study, we investigate the capability of future space-based gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA, TaiJi, and TianQin, to constrain the dimensionless deviating parameter for Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet (EdGB) gravity with ringdown signals from the merger of binary black holes. The ringdown signal is modeled by the two strongest QNMs in EdGB gravity. Considering time-delay interferometry, we calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of different space-based detectors for ringdown signals to analyze their capabilities. The Fisher information matrix is employed to analyze the accuracy of parameter estimation, with particular focus on the dimensionless deviating parameter for EdGB gravity. The impact of the parameters of gravitational wave sources on the estimation accuracy of the dimensionless deviating parameter is also studied. We find that the constraint ability of EdGB gravity is limited because the uncertainty of the dimensionless deviating parameter increases with a decrease in the dimensionless deviating parameter. LISA and TaiJi offer more advantages in constraining the dimensionless deviating parameter to a more accurate level for massive black holes, whereas TianQin is more suited to less massive black holes. The Bayesian inference method is used to perform parameter estimation on simulated data, which verifies the reliability of the conclusion.
Custodial symmetry violation in scalar extensions of the standard model*
Authors: Song Huayang , Wan Xia , Yu Jiang-Hao
Published: July 2023

The new measurement of the W boson mass from the CDF collaboration shows a significant tension with the standard model prediction, which evidences violation of custodial symmetry in the scalar sector. We study the scalar extensions of the standard model, which can be categorized into two classes, the scalar sector with custodial symmetry (Georgi-Machacek model and its generalizations) and the scalar sector without custodial symmetry, and explore how these extensions fit to electroweak precision data and the new CDF

. The favored oblique parameters originate from either the large mass splitting in the multiplet via the loop contribution or the large vacuum expectation value, which breaks custodial symmetry at the tree level. In particular, we find that

GeV new particles are allowed in the scalar extension scenarios.
On the use of dielectric elements in axion searches with microwave resonant cavities
Authors: Bai Xiran , Jewell Michael J. , Lamoreaux Steve K. , Maruyama Reina H. , van Bibber Karl
Published: July 2023

This study explores the primary effects of dielectric
materials in a resonant cavity-based search for axion dark
matter. While dielectrics prove beneficial in numerous cases, their
incorporation may lead to less-than-optimal performance, especially
for the lowest TM mode. Additionally, the stronger confinement of
the electric field inside the dielectrics can exacerbate mode
mixings, in particular for higher-order modes. Case studies have
been carried out using a combination of analytical solutions and
numerical simulations. The findings indicate dielectric cavities
employing the TM010 mode experience a significant
reduction in sensitivity when compared to a similar search conducted
in a cavity at equivalent frequency using no dielectrics.
A portable and monoenergetic 24 keV neutron source based on 124Sb-9Be photoneutrons and an iron filter
Authors: Biekert A. , Chang C. , Chaplinsky L. , Fink C.W. , Frey W.D. , Garcia-Sciveres M. , Guo W. , Hertel S.A. , Li X. , Lin J. , Lisovenko M. , Mahapatra R. , McKinsey D.N. , Mehrotra S. , Mirabolfathi N. , Patel P.K. , Penning B. , Pinckney H.D. , Reed M. , Romani R.K. , Sadoulet B. , Smith R.J. , Sorensen P. , Suerfu B. , Suzuki A. , Velan V. , Wang G. , Wang Y. , Watkins S.L. , Williams M.R.
Published: July 2023

A portable monoenergetic 24 keV neutron source based on the 124Sb-9Be photoneutron reaction and an iron filter has been constructed and characterized. The coincidence of the neutron energy from SbBe and the low interaction cross-section with iron (mean free path up to 29 cm) makes pure iron specially suited to shield against gamma rays from 124Sb decays while letting through the neutrons. To increase the 124Sb activity and thus the neutron flux, a >1 GBq 124Sb source was produced by irradiating a natural Sb metal pellet with a high flux of thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor. The design of the source shielding structure makes for easy transportation and deployment. A hydrogen gas proportional counter is used to characterize the neutrons emitted by the source and a NaI detector is used for gamma background characterization. At the exit opening of the neutron beam, the characterization determined the neutron flux in the energy range 20–25 keV to be 6.00±0.30 neutrons per cm2 per second and the total gamma flux to be 245±8 gammas per cm2 per second (numbers scaled to 1 GBq activity of the 124Sb source). A liquid scintillator detector is demonstrated to be sensitive to neutrons with incident kinetic energies from 8 to 17 keV, so it can be paired with the source as a backing detector for neutron scattering calibration experiments. This photoneutron source provides a good tool for in-situ low energy nuclear recoil calibration for dark matter experiments and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments.
Exact solution of a non-Hermitian
PT
-symmetric spin chain
Authors: Kattel Pradip , Pasnoori Parameshwar R , Andrei Natan
Published: July 2023

We construct the exact solution of a non-Hermitian

P
T

-symmetric isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with integrable boundary fields. We find that the system exhibits two types of phases named A and B. In the B type phase, the

P
T

symmetry remains unbroken and it comprises of eigenstates with only real energies, whereas the A type phase exhibits both

P
T

symmetry broken and unbroken sectors, comprising of eigenstates with only complex and real energies respectively. The

P
T

-symmetry broken sector comprises of pairs of eigenstates whose energies are complex conjugates of each other. The existence of two sectors in the A type phase is associated with the exponentially localized bound states at the edges with complex energies which are described by boundary strings. We find that both A and B type phases can be further divided into sub-phases which exhibit different ground states. We also compute the bound state wavefunction in one magnon sector and find that as the imaginary value of the boundary parameter is increased, the exponentially localized wavefunction broadens thereby protruding more into the bulk, which indicates that exponentially localized bound states may not be stabilized for large imaginary values of the boundary parameter.
Chemically coupled Hindmarsh–Rose neurons with cross interactions between membrane potential and magnetic flux
Authors: Remi T , Subha P A
Published: July 2023

In this work, we have analysed the synchronous dynamics and pattern formation in Hindmarsh–Rose neurons with cross interactions between membrane potential and magnetic flux, in the chemical mode. The self, mixed and cross interactions are realised by varying coupling phase. The magnetic flux induces plateau bursting and amplitude death in the network. The self chemical coupling induces synchrony, whereas, the cross coupling is incapable of it. However, the cross coupling acts along with self coupling to form mixed coupling and induces synchrony in the system. The stability of the synchronous state has been studied by master stability approach. The parameter space reveals the bifurcation point at which cross coupling overrides self coupling effects. The synchronising ability of interactions are justified in a network of neurons as well. The statistical factor of synchronisation quantifies the amount of synchrony in the network in different interaction modes. The combined effect of non local interactions and mixed coupling of variables initiates the emergence of chimera and multichimera states. However, in cross-coupled systems, only incoherent states are present. The existence of chimera and multichimera states are confirmed by calculating the strength of incoherence and discontinuity measure. The analysis of spatiotemporal patterns reveals the presence of travelling chimeras within the network. The Hamilton energy function indicate that a greater amount of energy is required to sustain coherent neurons at higher potential. This work may enhance the understanding of chimera states and improve its applicability to real-world systems.
Developing the Ecological Citizenship of Older Adolescents
Authors: Štraupaitė Samanta
Published: July 2023

The idea of sustainable development at the global level occupies one of the most important places. The Earth can manage itself and maintain all biological diversity, adhere to democracy, equality, take into account human rights, freedom and equal opportunities. Since climate change poses an increasing risk to human health and safety, the development of public ecological awareness becomes extremely important. The fact that the problem of climate change is increasing and confirmed by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, rising sea levels, longer droughts, stronger and more frequent storms, melting ice sheets, larger and more frequent fires. Advances in technology such as smartphones, streaming, social media, and touch screens have affected teenagers’ connection to nature. Being interested in the ecological citizenship of older teenagers raises the question, why and how can the younger generation contribute to the solution of ecological problems? Whether there are educational models that can help strengthen young people’s beliefs and abilities to solve climate change problems. In this article will be reviewed the literature from the aspect of ecological culture education, ecological position as the goal of education, the concept of ecological citizenship, its education and suggestions.
Model legislation of the CIS member states in the field of regulation of the use of genetically modified organisms in the export of agricultural products
Authors: Kodolova A V
Published: July 2023

In 2003 the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity establishing procedures concerning export and import of products of modern biotechnology which was recognized today obligatory by the majority of the CIS countries came into force. After the introduction of the Cartagena Protocol in force there was a need of more strict legislative regulation for the sphere of safety when processing, packing and transportation of living modified organism.
Analysis of trends and location of organic crop production in European countries
Authors: Zaruk N F , Kagirova M V , Kharitonova A E , Romantseva Yu N , Kolomeeva E S
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the development and location of organic crop production in Europe. The authors considered the dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the size of organic land use in general for a set of countries, the scale of production in terms of the main resource; a comparative analysis was carried out by countries. The location of the organic crop production in general, as well as by groups of crops, was assessed, a relationship was found with the location of traditional agricultural production. 34 countries of Europe were chosen as the object of study. The main methods that made it possible to identify trends in organic production and location features were analytical alignment of the time series by the least squares method, statistical groupings, calculation and analysis of structural series, rank correlation; a graphical method of presenting the results of the study was also used. The results obtained by the authors are used to develop a methodology for determining the optimal distribution of crop production across territories, taking into account the existing specialization of traditional agriculture within countries with a large extent and at the international level.
Study of the problems and consequences of the use of reclamation fund lands of the forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region, allocated as unowned
Authors: Sinyavskiy I V , Sinyavkaya T A
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the conducted research was to identify unowned land plots of the reclamation fund of the forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region that are currently not used for crop production, to determine the main reasons for their long-fallow condition, to develop measures to facilitate their involvement in agricultural turnover. To achieve this goal, objects were identified in the field routes, their ecological condition was assessed based on the obtained agrochemical parameters. Methods and techniques defined by the state standards of the Russian Federation were used during laboratory studies. For the first time, a comprehensive indicator was used to assess the unowned territories of the reclamation fund, which makes it possible to assess in detail the ecological state and potential fertility of the soil, the soil-ecological index (PEI), with reference to the conditions of the evolution of the soils of the Southern Urals, the level of effective fertility was estimated by basic agrochemical parameters through the expected yield of spring wheat as a diagnostic crop. The ecological and production potentials of unowned lands of the reclamation fund have been determined, 4 categories have been identified, all surveyed plots belong to categories 1, 2, and 3, which indicates their high production potential and the possibility of their effective use with minor adjustments of a number of parameters by agrotechnical techniques. Proposals have been developed for their further effective use, including technological techniques and organizational and economic measures contributing to soil formation with high ecological and production potential.
Devices for monitoring the humidity of agricultural products
Authors: Kalandarov P I , Ikramov G I , Mukimov Z M
Published: July 2023

This article deals with the problem of studying methods for automatic measurement of electrophysical characteristics of granular materials in the process of technological control using the dielcometric method, based on the interaction of the electric field of the primary transducer with matter. The principle of operation of the information-measuring system is analyzed, the functional scheme of the dielcometric system ispresented with a linear switching of channels, as well as improving the accuracy of measurement by eliminating technical errors, simplifying the measuring scheme and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the entire device.
Intelligent forecasting of growth and development of fruit trees by deep learning recurrent neural networks
Authors: Kabildjanov A S , Okhunboboeva Ch Z , Yo Ismailov S
Published: July 2023

The questions of intellectual forecasting of dynamic processes of growth and development of fruit trees are considered. The average growth rate of shoots of apple trees of the «Renet Simirenko» variety was predicted. Forecasting was carried out using a deep learning recurrent neural network LSTM in relation to a one-dimensional time series, with which the specified parameter was described. The implementation of the recurrent neural network LSTM was carried out in the MATLAB 2021 environment. When defining the architecture and training of the LSTM recurrent neural network, the Deep Network Designer application was used, which is included in the MATLAB 2021 extensions and allows you to create, visualize, edit and train deep learning networks. The recurrent neural network LSTM was trained using the Adam method. The results obtained in the course of predicting the average growth rate of apple shoots using a trained LSTM recurrent neural network were evaluated by the root-mean-square error RMSE and the loss function LOSS.
Production of organic onion products during forcing for green onion in a protected ground
Authors: Yu Vaulin A
Published: July 2023

The article presents the experiment data on growing organic products of green onion in protected ground on various substrates. They prove that onion forcing on the variant with humus provides a significant increase in yield from 23 to 97% compared to other variants of the experiment. Also, this option provided a significant 10 to 25% increase in the green onion yield from the weight of onions planted for forcing, and in addition, it also accelerated the time for receiving finished products from 7 to 12 days. Such indicators allowed the option with humus not only to get a larger amount of high-quality biologically complete green onion products, but also to do it with incomparably higher economic indicators than other options.
The microplastics pollution in agricultural soils global trends and prospects research: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Nosova A O , Uspenskaya M V
Published: July 2023

Microplastics are a relatively new environmental problem with many blind spots. There is more and more evidence that the contamination of agricultural soils with this pollutant can lead to negative consequences for soil properties, microflora and the soil animals and plants vital activity. Bibliometrics can help to understand global research trends and academic collaboration networks. In this article, a bibliometric analysis of the topic of microplastics pollution in agricultural soils was carried out, the publication activity dynamics was determined, and a map of cooperation between the most active countries was built. A bibliographic map was created, which made it possible to identify six main thematic areas of research. This study can be used in planning and conducting research in Russia.
Biodegradable food packaging as a criterion for ensuring food safety
Authors: Minina N N , Sinelnikova O V
Published: July 2023

Product packaging is important today as protection and as attracting attention to the product. However, packaging should, first of all, protect products from the negative effects of the environment and prevent rapid deterioration of products. The composition and types of packaging material are regulated in all countries. Most of the food packaging is made of various types of plastic, because it has many positive properties that characterize the packaging, but the degradation period of plastic packaging is about 200 years. Plastic waste breaks down into the smallest particles and is included in the food chain, causing great harm to every link, including humans. The most promising direction today is the synthesis of biodegradable polymers. Of particular interest is the creation of biodegradable multifunctional packaging materials based on biopolymers that contain antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants. This type of packaging is a multilayer film consisting of a base (matrix) and various fillers. The matrix usually includes hydrocolloids (polysaccharides and proteins), lipids or some combined materials. The most promising direction in the manufacture of biodegradable packaging is the creation of polymer nanocomposites, the matrix of which is based on polysaccharides, and the additions are combined nanofibers, which can be represented by gelatin or cellulose, and a filler represented by inorganic nanoparticles (metal oxides). Such packages significantly increase the shelf life of food products, and accordingly make products safer and of higher quality. However, such materials require further study, because their effect on the human body is unknown. In the last decade, biodegradable packages have been developed that increase the shelf life of products with temperature fluctuations, reduce the number of microorganisms and, accordingly, extend the shelf life of products. Scientists have developed methods for obtaining biodegradable packages from protein hydrolysates of keratin-containing raw materials and waste from sugar beet factories. This direction in the production of biodegradable packages is the most promising, because firstly, production waste is disposed of, secondly, food packaging is produced that does not harm human health and extends the shelf life of products, thirdly, such packaging has a short degradation period, does not harm natural ecosystems and is safely included in food chains.
Micro-morphological adaptations and tolerance assessment of selected vascular plant species exposed to vehicular exhausts
Authors: Shakeel Tufail , Hussain Manzoor , Shah Ghulam Mujtaba , Zeb Bibi Saima
Published: July 2023

The vehicular exhausts on roadsides negatively affect living organisms and disturb their environment. These negative impacts of vehicular exhausts on plants demand a scientific investigation of roadside plants in Abbottabad, Pakistan. So, this observational and experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vehicular exhausts on morphology, epidermal structure and biochemical characteristics of leaves of plants near roadsides and compared with the non-polluted site. The quantitative morphological parameters: leaf area, length of petiole and vein-to-vein difference along with anatomical attributes such as stomata and epidermal cells were recorded. Compared to non-polluted areas, the chlorophyll content of plant leaves from polluted areas was higher. The results indicate that vehicular exhaust negatively affects leaf morphology and increases the Stomatal number at adaxial (front surface) of leaves. The air pollution tolerance index evaluated Melia azedarach and Salix angustifolia as tolerant tree species and Rumex dentatus, Amaranthus viridis and Sonchus hydrophilus as tolerant herbaceous species. In order to survive in polluted environments, this study demonstrated that plants go through adaptive processes.
Impact of drought and salt stress on galactinol and raffinose family oligosaccharides in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: de Koning Ramon , Wils Gertjan E , Kiekens Raphaël , De Vuyst Luc , Angenon Geert
Published: July 2023

Due to climate change, farmers will face more extreme weather conditions and hence will need crops that are better adapted to these challenges. The raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) could play a role in the tolerance of crops towards abiotic stress. To investigate this, we determined for the first time the importance of galactinol and RFOs in the roots and leaves of common bean under drought and salt stress conditions. Initially, the physiological characteristics of common bean under agronomically relevant abiotic stress conditions were investigated by measuring the growth rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll concentration and membrane stability, allowing to establish relevant sampling points. Subsequently, the differential gene expression profiles of the galactinol and RFO biosynthetic genes and the amount of galactinol and RFO molecules were measured in the primary leaves and roots of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. CIAP7247F at these sampling points, using RT-qPCR and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. Under drought stress, the genes galactinol synthase 1, galactinol synthase 3 and stachyose synthase were significantly upregulated in the leaves and had a high transcript level in comparison with the other galactinol and RFO biosynthetic genes. This was in accordance with the significantly higher amount of galactinol and raffinose detected in the leaves. Under salt stress, raffinose was also present in a significantly higher quantity in the leaves. In the roots, transcript levels of the RFO biosynthetic genes were generally low and no galactinol, raffinose or stachyose could be detected. These results suggest that in the leaves, both galactinol and raffinose could play a role in the protection of common bean against abiotic stresses. Especially, the isoform galactinol synthase 3 could have a specific role during drought stress and forms an interesting candidate to improve the abiotic stress resistance of common bean or other plant species.