bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GROWTH REVIVAL OF GREY OYSTER (PLEUROTUS PULMONARIUS) POWDER CULTURE MUSHROOM FROM THE EFFECT OF SPRAY DRYING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Zakaria Zarina , Aziz Fatihah , Md Sarip Mohd Sharizan , Mohd Salleh Noor Hasyierah
Published: January 2024

In mushroom cultivation, spawn is among the most important factors that ensure a successful production. Considering several drawbacks from both solid and liquid spawn in shelf life and preservation matters, it is suggested that the dry powder form of spawn is a good potential to explore. A study of powder culture formation using a spray dryer involved various inlet temperatures of 80 oC, 90 oC, 100 oC, 110 oC, 120 oC and 130 oC. The yield % of the dried powder culture was measured and it was found that 130 oC yielded the highest percentage of 50.33%. The lowest temperature yielded the lowest percentage. On the other hand, the lowest temperature of 80 oC revived the highest mycelium dry weight at 1.68 g which was obtained on the 10th day of the incubation periods. The revival ability was decreased with the increase of temperature. The study proved that the powder culture of P. pulmonarius was able to perform and revive whereby it holds a potential to be preserved over a longer period, which is beneficial for the mushroom cultivator.
ABSTRAK: Dalam penanaman cendawan, benih yang baik adalah antara faktor penting yang memastikan penghasilan tinggi. Terdapat beberapa kelemahan daripada benih pepejal dan cecair dalam memastikan jangka hayat berpanjangan serta memastikan benih dalam keadaan berkualiti sepanjang masa. Oleh itu, penghasilan benih cendawan dalam bentuk serbuk kering sangat berpotensi untuk diterokai. Kajian mengenai penghasilan kultur serbuk menggunakan semburan kering telah melibatkan pelbagai suhu salur masuk seperti 80 oC, 90 oC, 100 oC, 110 oC, 120 oC dan 130 oC. Peratus penghasilan kultur serbuk kering telah diukur dan didapati pada suhu 130 oC menghasilkan peratusan tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 50.33%, manakala suhu terendah menghasilkan peratusan terendah. Sebaliknya, suhu terendah pada 80 oC menumbuhkan semula berat kering miselium dengan bacaan tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 1.68 g diperoleh pada hari ke-10 tempoh inkubasi. Keupayaan menumbuh berkurangan dengan peningkatan suhu. Kajian membuktikan bahawa kultur serbuk P. pulmonarius mampu berfungsi dan tumbuh semula di mana ianya berpotensi disimpan dalam tempoh lama, ini berfaedah kepada penanaman cendawan.
INFLUENCE OF CURING CONDITIONS ON THE EARLY STRENGTH OF LOW TEMPERATURE BELITE CEMENTS
Authors: Haliru Sambo Gwandu , Zawawi Rodiah
Published: January 2024

Low temperature belite cements are produced using techniques that stabilize the more reactive high temperature polymorphs of dicalcium silicate (C2S) to improve early strength, but the effect of curing conditions on them is not well studied. The focus of this work is to assess the improvement of their early strength in different curing conditions. During the synthesis of the cements at 1000 ºC, the more reactive polymorphs, -C2S and ?-C2S, were stabilized using gypsum and hydrothermal treatment with potassium hydroxide. The phase composition of the synthesized cements was analysed using X-ray powder diffraction. The morphology and elemental composition of the C2S crystals and hydrated pastes was determined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray system. Mortar samples were cured in different conditions that include hot air and hot water curing at 60 ºC and 90 ºC. The 28-day strength development, capillary water porosity, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were tested. The formation of hydration products and strength was dependent on the type of C2S polymorph. Curing at elevated temperatures improved the transport properties of mortars. Samples cured at 90 ºC in hot air obtained the highest early strength. The presence of -C2S and elevated curing temperatures significantly improve the early strength of the mortar samples.
ABSTRAK:  Simen belite suhu rendah dihasilkan melalui teknik menstabilkan reaktif polimof dikalsium silikat (C2S) bersuhu tinggi bagi meningkatkan kekuatan awal, tetapi kesan keadaan pengawetan ke atasnya tidak dikaji dengan baik. Fokus kerja ini adalah bagi menilai peningkatan kekuatan awal pada keadaan pengawetan berbeza. Sintesis simen pada suhu 1000 ºC, iaitu pada polimof lebih reaktif, -C2S dan ?-C2S, telah distabilkan menggunakan rawatan gipsum dan hidroterma dengan kalium hidroksida. Fasa komposisi simen tersintesis dianalisa menggunakan pembelauan serbuk sinar-X. Komposisi morfologi dan unsur kristal C2S dan pes terhidrat ditentukan menggunakan pengimbas mikroskop elektron yang dilengkapi sistem sinar-X penyebar tenaga. Sampel mortar telah diawetkan dalam keadaan berbeza termasuk pengawetan udara panas dan air panas pada suhu 60 ºC dan 90 ºC. Perkembangan kekuatan keliangan kapilari air, penyerapan air, dan halaju nadi ultrasonik telah diuji pada hari ke 28. Pembentukan produk penghidratan dan kekuatan adalah bergantung kepada jenis polimof C2S. Pengawetan pada suhu tinggi meningkatkan sifat pengangkutan mortar. Sampel yang diawet pada 90 ºC dalam udara panas memperoleh kekuatan awal tertinggi. Kehadiran -C2S dan suhu pengawetan tinggi dengan ketara meningkatkan kekuatan awal sampel mortar.
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE TEMPERATURE ESTIMATION MODEL FOR THE ONE-TIME-POINT DAILY ESTIMATION METHOD
Authors: Wong Kinfatt , Ahmad Robiah , Abdul Kadir Kushsairy , Ahmad Norulhusna
Published: January 2024

Based on the hourly solar radiation and ambient temperature, the hourly power estimation work is carried out using the conventional photovoltaic output power (PVOP) estimation model which is used in conjunction with the conventional photovoltaic module temperature (PVMT) estimation model. These hourly data must be processed further before they can be applied to the daily power estimation work. This estimation work is carried out using conventional estimation methods, which are the multiple estimation processes that are complex, time-consuming, and error prone. Therefore, to avoid these shortcomings, one estimation process is designed and used for daily power estimation work. However, this process produces an incorrect daily output power value due to an invalid module temperature value. Thus, a new PVMT estimation model is developed to solve the problem of the invalid value based on a simple linear regression analysis. The performance of the new model has been validated, giving a Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) value of 0.0215 and a Coefficient of Determination (R2) value of 0.9862. The correct daily output power value is produced with a valid module temperature value, giving a NRMSE value of 0.0034 and a R2 value of 0.9999. These results demonstrate the new model's applicability and makes the one estimation process accurate, easy, user-friendly, instantaneous, and direct in daily power estimation work.
ABSTRAK: Berdasarkan sinaran matahari dan suhu persekitaran per jam, kerja-kerja anggaran kuasa setiap jam dijalankan menggunakan model anggaran kuasa dari dapatan fotovolta konvensional (PVOP) yang digunakan bersempena dengan model anggaran suhu modul fotovolta konvensional (PVMT). Data per jam ini perlu diproses dengan lebih lanjut sebelum ia boleh digunakan pada kerja anggaran kuasa harian. Kerja-kerja penganggaran ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah penganggaran konvensional, iaitu proses penganggaran berganda yang kompleks, memakan masa dan mudah ralat. Oleh itu, bagi mengelakkan kekurangan ini, satu proses anggaran direka bentuk dan diguna bagi kerja anggaran kuasa harian. Namun, proses ini menghasilkan nilai dapatan kuasa harian yang salah disebabkan oleh nilai suhu modul tidak sah. Oleh itu, model anggaran PVMT baharu telah dibina bagi menyelesaikan masalah nilai tidak sah berdasarkan analisis mudah regresi linear. Prestasi model baharu telah disahkan, memberi nilai Ralat Punca Min Kuasa Dua Ternormal (NRMSE) sebanyak 0.0215 dan nilai Pekali Penentuan (R2) sebanyak 0.9862. Nilai dapatan kuasa harian yang betul dihasilkan dengan nilai suhu modul yang sah, iaitu nilai NRMSE 0.0034 dan R2 0.9999. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa kebolehgunaan model baharu menjadikan proses anggaran lebih tepat, mudah, mesra pengguna, serta-merta dan terus dalam kerja anggaran kuasa harian.
ADVANCING SYSTEM INTEGRATION: VERILOG-BASED HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ASIC INTERFACE FOR THREE AMBA PROCESSORS
Authors: Motakabber S.M.A. , Rokon Mohammad Iqbal Rahman , Alam AHM Zahirul , Islam Gazi Zahirul , Matin Mohammad Abdul , Mahmud Md.
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the development of a multi-AMBA system processor interface employing multiple AMBA processors. The primary goal of this interface is to establish connections between various AMBA AHB interfaces and external memory units such as RAM and REGISTER, leveraging the high-performance capabilities of AMBA AHB. The research delves into the utilization of ASICs to integrate processors and functional blocks into a System-On-Chip (SoC) configuration, enabling the execution of intricate applications. Within the ASIC environment, the research explores how processors communicate with their designated targets through an interface that standardizes the communication protocol for all targets. It underscores the challenges posed by data throughput and inter-processor/RTL communication in contemporary processors and suggests the concurrent use of multiple AMBA processors for accessing their respective targets. Additionally, the paper introduces an arbitration system for managing multiprocessor access and investigates the optimization of bulk data access while prioritizing crucial ASIC design constraints, including speed, low power consumption, and efficient area utilization. The proposed system was rigorously validated through simulation using Verilog HDL, yielding positive and promising results.
ABSTRAK:  Kajian ini adalah mengenai pembangunan antara muka, sistem pemproses berbilang AMBA yang mengandungi berbilang pemproses AMBA. Tujuan antara muka ini adalah bagi mewujudkan hubungan pelbagai antara muka AMBA AHB dengan unit memori luaran seperti RAM dan REGISTER, ini sekaligus memanfaatkan keupayaan tinggi AMBA AHB. Kajian ini mengguna pakai ASIC bagi menyatukan pemproses dan blok berfungsi pada konfigurasi Sistem-Atas-Cip (SoC), membolehkan pelaksanaan aplikasi rumit. Pada persekitaran ASIC, kajian ini meneroka cara pemproses berkomunikasi dengan sasaran yang ditetapkan melalui perantaraan antara muka yang menyeragam protokol komunikasi bagi semua sasaran. Ia menggariskan cabaran yang ditimbulkan oleh pemprosesan data dan komunikasi antara pemproses/RTL dalam pemproses kontemporari dan mencadang penggunaan secara serentak pemproses berbilang  AMBA bagi mengakses sasaran masing-masing. Selain itu, kertas kerja ini memperkenalkan sistem timbang tara bagi mengurus akses berbilang pemproses dan mengkaji akses data pukal yang optimum sambil mengutamakan kekangan reka bentuk ASIC, seperti kelajuan, penggunaan kuasa rendah dan penggunaan kawasan secara cekap. Sistem ini telah disahkan dengan teliti melalui simulasi menggunakan Verilog HDL, memberikan dapatan positif dan harapan baik.
EFFECTS OF SOIL ERODIBILITY ON RIVERBANK EROSION AND FAILURES
Authors: Mohd Rosli Nur Aqilah , Saerahany Legori Ibrahim  , Yusoff Siti Hajar
Published: January 2024

Riverbank erosion is a natural process of removal of earthen materials from the bank surface. The process of riverbank erosion that is induced naturally results in the formation of landforms such as valleys, canyons, and productive floodplains. However, riverbank erosion can also be considered a hazard when the process occurs at an alarming rate causing loss of land. The extent of erosion depends on many factors. One of the main factors responsible for riverbank erosion is the soil erodibility which is the resistance of soil to erosion. The aim of this study is to quantify the riverbank erosion rates and the potential magnitude of riverbank erosion in order to generate an empirical predictive model to estimate riverbank erosion from physical and geomorphic variables for rivers susceptible to riverbank erosion. Several models were trained using the Regression Learner application in MATLAB software. Models that include soil erodibility parameters perform better than the models without the soil erodibility parameters. The model with the highest accuracy was found to be Model 2, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.70E-08 and coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.55. The model produced in this study will be helpful to analyze and predict the effects of riverbank erosion and assist in the development of bank stabilization solution.
ABSTRAK: Hakisan tebing sungai adalah proses semula jadi terhadap penyingkiran bahan tanah dari permukaan tebing. Proses hakisan tebing sungai yang terjadi secara semula jadi ini mengakibatkan pembentukan bentuk muka bumi seperti lembah, ngarai dan dataran banjir yang produktif. Bagaimanapun, hakisan tebing sungai juga boleh dianggap sebagai ancaman apabila proses berlaku pada kadar membimbangkan sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan tanah. Tahap hakisan bergantung pada banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor utama yang menyebabkan hakisan tebing sungai adalah kebolehhakisan tanah iaitu ketahanan tanah terhadap hakisan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar hakisan tebing sungai, mengkaji potensi magnitud hakisan tebing sungai dan menghasilkan model ramalan empirik bagi menganggarkan hakisan tebing sungai daripada pembolehubah fizikal dan geomorfik bagi sungai yang terdedah kepada hakisan tebing sungai. Beberapa model telah dilatih menggunakan aplikasi Regression Learner dalam perisian MATLAB. Dapatan menunjukkan model yang mengandungi parameter kebolehhakisan tanah adalah lebih baik berbanding model tanpa parameter kebolehhakisan tanah. Model 2 didapati mempunyai ketepatan tertinggi dengan ralat punca min kuasa dua (RMSE) sebanyak 3.70E-08 dan pekali penentuan, R2 sebanyak 0.55. Model dalam kajian ini dapat membantu dalam analisa berkaitan kesan hakisan tebing sungai dan penyelesaian kepada pembangunan kestabilan tebing.
Patient Satisfaction with the Quality of Healthcare Services at Selected Major Outpatient Clinics at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre Kuantan Pahang
Authors: Che' Man Mohamad , Che Alhadi Shahidah , Yusof Muhammad Zubir , Md. Ariffin Siti Roshaidai , Md. Razib Mohd Zhafri , Amiruddin Salman
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is a key factor in determining any gaps or inadequacies in the healthcare provider's services. This study aimed to measure the level of patient satisfaction and its associated factors towards the healthcare service of outpatient clinics in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC), IIUM, Kuantan, Pahang. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1050 patients were recruited from internal medicine, paediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, orthopaedics, and psychiatry clinics between February 2021 and February 2022. A questionnaire was administered which consists of two parts: one that covers patients’ sociodemographic data and the other that assesses the patients’ level of satisfaction with the healthcare services using the Malay-validated Short-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). RESULTS: The mean overall satisfaction level was 3.94 ± 0.46, with the highest mean scores in the interpersonal manners (4.2 ± 0.64) and communications (4.26 ± 0.56) domains. From the multivariate analysis, it was found that those patients in the lower income group (B40) were more satisfied with the quality of the healthcare services (B=0.172, 95% CI=0.08, 0.263) compared to the middle-income group. Being a student (B=- 0.202, 95% CI=- 0.296, -0.108) and having a follow-up treatment visit (B=-0.082, 95% CI=-0.156, -0.008), were significantly associated with lower satisfaction levels as compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Overall, patients who attended SASMEC were satisfied with the service provided. Continuous service improvement aimed at patients’ household income, occupation and purpose of visit may help SASMEC enhance its service in the future
Protective Mechanism Pathway of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum at High Dosage against Liver and Renal Damage in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Abdul Mutalib Maisarah , Ruhi Sakina , Mohamad Shariff Mohamad Halim , May Win Win , Ramachandran Dhani
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cinnamon zeylanicum (CZ) bark is widely used as supplement for diabetic management, there are concerns about its safety and potential toxicity at high doses, and limited evidence to support its efficacy. To investigate this further, this study examines the effects of Cinnamon zeylanicum aqueous extract (CZAE) on various factors in diabetic rats, including body weight, blood glucose level, biochemical parameters, histological changes, and gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in all groups except the negative control by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats in the intervention groups (Groups C, D, and E) were given CZAE at 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg, dose respectively, for 28 days. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored weekly, and their liver and renal profiles were analyzed. Histology was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and apoptotic gene expression was examined in liver and renal tissues. RESULTS: The body weight of rats in intervention groups increased compared to the control group. There was a significant decrease (P<0.001) in blood glucose levels. The extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) liver biochemical markers in the intervention groups compared to the control group. The histology of the liver & kidney improved (p<0.001) with upregulated Bcl-2 and down-regulated BAX genes in preventing apoptosis in the intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: High doses of CZAE are safe and effective for T2DM.
IMPACT OF SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES ON SOIL CARBON: A REVIEW
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity Russian Academy of Sciences, Tebenkova D.N. , Gichan D.V. , Gagarin Yu.N.
Published: January 2024

The paper provides a review of Russian and foreign articles that study the impact of silvicultural practices on the soil carbon pool to assess the effectiveness of forest carbon projects. Analyzing the works allowed us to conclude that silvicultural practices affect the content of soil carbon through a change in the rate of influx and decomposition of organic matter and, as a result, the redistribution of carbon in the soil profile. High-intensity felling, including clear felling, removal of logging residues, damage to the ground cover when planting forest crops, and development of monocultures may have a negative impact on the soil carbon pool. On the contrary, selective and low-intensity thinning, leaving logging residues, and planting mixed forest stands, especially on abandoned agricultural lands, proved to be promising forest management practices that contribute to the accumulation and conservation of soil carbon.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING FOREST FUELS
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ershov D.V. , Sochilova E.N. , Koroleva N.V.
Published: January 2024

Spatial data on the vertical structure and forest fuel loads are a very importance for reliable estimates of direct fire carbon emissions. Main purpose of our paper is to demonstrate methodological approaches to mapping pre-fire forest fuels, which sets of multidimensional regression models and thematic satellite products of forest stand characteristics are based on. The used models make it possible to calculate the parts of combustible biomass fractions (branches, foliage, undergrowth layer, ground vegetation cover, forest litter, detritus) of forest ecosystems for the main dominated species of different ages, relative density and site index for all the forested area of Russia in the different geographic zones. The article provides thematic input remote sensing data, which are used in models for calculating biomass fractions. The paper provides thematic input remote sensing data, which are used in models for calculating biomass fractions. The results of a preliminary comparison of estimates of biomass reserves of the upper canopy obtained based on satellite products and forest inventory data at the level of forest districts of the Kostroma region are presented.
FEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO LETRAMENTO CIENTÍFICO NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Soruco Thais Menezes de Oliveira , Soares Renata Godinho , Ruppenthal Raquel
Published: January 2024

Este trabalho buscou investigar quais os níveis de Letramento Científico (LC) foram desenvolvidos por estudantes durante a execução de uma Feira de Ciências em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Uruguaiana-RS. Foram objeto de pesquisa 16 roteiros de atividades elaboradas por alunos matriculados no 6ºs e 7ºs anos do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, pois busca interpretar e atribuir significado aos processos, procurando entender a contribuição da Feira de Ciências na promoção do LC. Para alcançar o objetivo principal, os roteiros de experimentos elaborados pelos estudantes foram analisados a partir de uma matriz de níveis de LC. Constatou-se que dos 16 roteiros analisados houve o emprego total de 18 verbos, onde 02 roteiros do 6ºs não empregaram verbos e todos do 7°s realizaram o emprego. Em relação aos 6ºs anos perceberam-se a predominância do Letramento Funcional, seguido dos Letramentos Conceitual e Letramento Multidimensional. O Letramento Nominal não foi evidenciado em nenhum dos roteiros. Para os 7ºs anos, houve maior evidência dos níveis de LC Funcional e Conceitual, contemplados respectivamente, em 07 e 03 roteiros. Na sequência, observou-se os níveis de LN e LM sendo contemplados cada um em 02 roteiros. Conclui-se que a relevância deste estudo consiste em conhecer os aspectos que podem contribuir para a promoção do LC dos alunos da Educação Básica, colaborando para o resgate da Feira de Ciências como portal investigativo e não apenas como atividades extraclasse com caráter avaliativo.
PERCEPÇÃO DA CORRUPÇÃO E DO PROGRESSO SOCIAL MUNDIAL SOB A ÓTICA INSTITUCIONAL ÍTULO DO ARTIGO
Authors: Tenfen Glaucia Marian , Yetika Daiane Migliolli , Bilk Ângela , Carvalho Luciano de
Published: January 2024

A corrupção tem um peso no desempenho econômico de um país, o que pode também influenciar o progresso social. O estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a relação entre a corrupção e o progresso social em nível mundial, sob a ótica da teoria institucional. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dados disponíveis no Corruption Perceptions Index e Social Progress Index, dos anos de 2018, 2019 e 2020. A amostra compreendeu 160 países que possuíam os índices disponíveis, envolvendo 480 observações. Para a análise dos dados, aplicou-se o método estatístico dados em painel. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam a influência dos índices de corrupção no progresso social, sendo que quanto menos corrupção um país apresentar maior será o progresso social, que é evidenciado pelo atendimento às necessidades humanas básicas, aos fundamentos do bem-estar e as oportunidades dos indivíduos e da sociedade como um todo. Desse modo, os achados podem ampliar as discussões em relação à corrupção e ao progresso social que impactam no desenvolvimento de um país.
ANÁLISE DA ADEQUAÇÃO DE FIBRAS EM PÃES DE FORMA PRODUZIDOS EM ESCALA INDUSTRIAL COM DENOMINAÇÃO “INTEGRAL”
Authors: Oliveira Jacyara Santos de
Published: January 2024

A preocupação com a alimentação fez com que houvesse um aumento pela procura nos supermercados por produtos considerados “saudáveis” pelos consumidores. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o rótulo e avaliar se a informação nutricional complementar em pães integrais está adequada conforme a legislação vigente e com o Projeto de Lei 5.081-A/2013 que está em tramitação no Congresso Nacional. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo realizado na cidade de Uberaba – MG, com coleta de dados feita quinzenalmente em 3 supermercados no ano de 2020. Foram analisados 27 rótulos de pães com a palavra “integral”. Nenhum dos produtos alimentícios declarou a porcentagem de farinha integral e farinha de trigo presente na lista de ingredientes, não estando de acordo com o substitutivo da Lei 5.081-A/2013 ainda em tramitação. Além disso, 44,4% estavam com inadequações, conforme a RDC nº 54, na informação nutricional complementar. Em relação a lista de ingredientes, 14,8% tinha como primeiro ingrediente a farinha de trigo. Os pães com farinha integral como primeiro ingrediente, possuíam média de preço maior que os que tinham a farinha de trigo como primeiro ingrediente. Com isso, uma quantidade significativa dos rótulos avaliados teve algum tipo de irregularidade em relação as normas que estão em vigor.
O NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Crestani Regina Anzolch , Ghisleni Ana Cristina
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo visa trazer reflexões acerca dos percursos mais recentes do denominado Ensino Médio até a chegada da proposta que reestrutura a organização dessa etapa de ensino. São apresentados conceitos e reflexões de autores reconhecidos, bem como o arcabouço legal que respalda os movimentos analisados. São abordadas visões acerca do papel da escola, no que se refere aos objetivos e às finalidades para a sociedade na qual estamos inseridos. Apresentam-se observações quanto à formação do currículo escolar, a seus fundamentos, a suas construções e a suas intencionalidades. Metodologicamente, o artigo realiza um compilado de pesquisas em bases legais, a partir do resgate histórico do Ensino Médio, Lei 9394/1996, até chegarmos à Lei nº 13.415/2017. Nessa retomada, ficam evidenciados questionamentos e críticas de pesquisadores na área da Educação sobre o contexto educativo, o que reforça as instabilidades do sistema e a necessária construção de estratégias e soluções para que a educação possa construir proposições e práticas viáveis, tanto no viés público quanto privado, seguindo as mesmas diretrizes, princípios e tomada de ação. Tal fato reforça a necessidade de mudanças e de esforços de todos os partícipes do processo educativo, a fim de propiciar a continuidade da escolarização e do interesse dos estudantes na sua formação.
EVOLUCIÓN DE BRECHAS POR GÉNERO Y QUINTIL SOCIOECONÓMICO EN EL NIVEL EDUCACIONAL ALCANZADO EN CHILE EN LAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS
Authors: Valera Nicol Parra , Durán-Seguel Ivette , Gallegos Maximiliano
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio pretende examinar el estado de la brecha educativa en el logro educacional, según género y nivel socioeconómico en Chile. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuantitativo aplicando un modelo ANOVA con variable dependiente nivel educacional, en distintos cortes temporales, año 2006, 2015 y 2022 con muestras independientes, a partir de los datos contenidos en Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN). Según los resultados obtenidos es posible afirmar que en Chile se ha avanzado en términos de la reducción de brechas educacionales por género en consonancia con reportes a nivel mundial y también, en términos de logro educativo. Sin embargo, los resultados que se presentan en esta investigación alertan respecto de la brecha socioeconómica, la cual continúa siendo un problema en Chile, principalmente porque al evaluar las brechas existentes por quintil socioeconómico, la diferencia en logro educacional se ha mantenido y en términos de acceso nivel de educación superior incluso ha aumentado comparando el quintil de menores ingresos con el quintil de mayores ingresos económicos, desde el año 2006 a 2022. A pesar de que las políticas del Proyecto Educativo Nacional chileno atienden expresamente a ampliar el acceso y priorizar a los quintiles más pobres, es evidente que el acceso a una educación no es igual para todos los chilenos, siendo las mujeres y los niveles socioeconómicos más bajos los que enfrentan mayores dificultades para acceder a una educación formal.
INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO
Authors: Amaya Wendolin Suárez , Peña Rebeca del Pino , Ahúes Elizabeth Troncoso
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el estado de avance en materia de políticas públicas e iniciativas para fomentar la institucionalización de género en universidades chilenas. Para ello se hace una revisión de documentos oficiales, normativos y de literatura especializada en la temática. Los resultados revelan que se han desarrollado una serie de acontecimientos que han favorecido la creación de políticas con perspectiva de género, que ha permitido generar cambios en las instituciones que se evidencias en la creación de instancias de decisión, la incorporación de instrumentos de gestión estratégica, el registro periódico que permita mostrar brechas de género, la revisión de reglamentos y estatutos para erradicar prácticas discriminatorias y desarrollar actividades formativas con miras a generar un cambio de cultura. Se concluye que en el sistema universitario chileno contar con políticas y acciones afirmativas con perspectiva de género ha pasado a convertirse en un factor de sobrevivencia en el sistema, dado su carácter determinante en la acreditación institucional y en la cualidad que otorga como espacio seguro y libre de discriminación para todas las personas.
SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA GAMIFICADA: CONSTRUINDO COMPETÊNCIAS EM GENÉTICA MOLECULAR
Authors: Silva Jéssica Maria da , Motta Micheline Barbosa da
Published: January 2024

Diante da necessidade de superar as aulas meramente expositivas, propôs-se como estratégia inovadora a gamificação, na tentativa de engajar, motivar e desenvolver aprendizagem em genética molecular através de desafios. Assim, esse relato trata-se de um fragmento do trabalho de conclusão de mestrado profissional em ensino de biologia em rede (PROFBIO), no qual buscou-se analisar as implicações de uma sequência didática gamificada (SDG) para a construção de competências em genética molecular em alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública através do uso de desafios. Seguindo de forma sistemática a pesquisa-ação de Thiollent, a referida pesquisa desenvolveu-se em duas etapa, das quais foram extraídas as observações relativas ao processo de elaboração e aplicação de uma SDG quanto ao desempenho dos alunos durante os desafios em forma de jogos. Como resultado, verificamos que os alunos apresentaram conduta mais receptiva durante todo o processo de ensino, com a consolidação de várias competências e habilidades presentes na BNCC e no PCNEM, bem como, demonstraram um crescimento significativo no seu engajamento durante a execução dos desafios. Portanto, a SDG se revelou importante ferramenta no ensino-aprendizagem de conteúdos abstratos e complexos ao favorecer uma abordagem mais dinâmica e motivadora, tendo ainda grande potencial de ser replicada por outros professores de biologia.
Digitalisasi Prasasti dan Pelinggih Desa Baturan Gianyar Berbasis Augmented Reality Based Marker
Authors: Sarasvananda Ida Bagus Gede , Aditama Putu Wirayudi , Iswara Ida Bagus Ary Indra , Desnanjaya I Gusti Made Ngurah
Published: January 2024

Digitalization of the inscriptions and shrines of Batuan Gianyar Village based on Augmented Reality (AR) Markers is an innovative project that aims to preserve, promote and revive the cultural and historical heritage of Baturan Village, Gianyar, Indonesia, through the application of Augmented Reality technology. Baturan Village is known to have inscriptions and pelinggih which have high historical value. This research uses AR Marker technology to connect the physical world with digital content. The inscriptions and shrines of Baturan Village are marked with AR markers which allow users to access additional information about these objects via mobile devices. This AR application provides an immersive and interactive experience, allowing users to explore the history and meaning of inscriptions and shrines. The method used in developing this AR application is R & D. The results of this research after testing loading time using four different smartphones, Xiaomi Note8 Pro and iPhone 13, have a faster average loading time response compared to other smartphones.
Analisis dan Penanganan Insiden Siber SQL Injection Menggunakan Kerangka NIST SP 800-61R2 dan Algoritma Klusterisasi K-Means
Authors: Asnawi Choerun , Hariyadi Dedy , Aesyi Ulfi Saidata , Cahyo Puji Winar
Published: January 2024

Based on the OWASP Top Ten document in 2021, attacks or vulnerabilities in an application in the form of injection still rank in the top 3. SQL Injection attacks are still classified as injection vulnerabilities so they need special attention from Information & Communication Technology Managers. Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) has published a document related to preventing SQL Injection attacks. However, the document has not included a cyber attack analysis process that uses the K-Means clustering approach. So in this research, a collaborative method of handling cyber attacks in the form of SQL Injection is proposed using the NIST SP 800-61R2 framework as a fundamental for handling cyber attacks and K-Means clustering. Before analyzing cyber attacks, it is better to use a framework or standardization that applies globally. Based on the research conducted, the K-Means clustering algorithm can help cybersecurity analysts in the process of analyzing cyber attacks that occur. The result of this research is that the optimal value is obtained that cyber attacks in the form of SQL Injection, namely 3 clusters. The hope of the research can facilitate cybersecurity analysts in analyzing cyber attacks that are poured into reports to parties in need
ANTI-AGING PEEL-OFF MASK OF DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS)
Authors: Wahdaningsih Sri , Rizkifani Shoma , Utari Eka Kartika
Published: January 2024

Antioxidants can be used to protect the skin from damage caused by oxidation to prevent premature aging. The more increasing consumption level of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) affects the amount of unused remaining fruit peels. In fact, the peel of red dragon fruit is considerably potential for natural antioxidant. Pitaya or dragon fruit is reported to contain betacyanin color pigment, with antioxidant activity. The use of cosmetics containing antioxidant compounds can prevent premature aging due to free radicals. One of the interesting forms of cosmetic preparations for skin care is the peel-off gel mask. The base that can be used as a film former for peel-off gel facial masks is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of red dragon fruit peel extract peel-off masks as anti-aging. Anti-aging effectiveness testing was carried out on 10 volunteers and divided into two groups, namely the blank group (F0) and the extract group (FIII) for four weeks, and anti-aging activity was measured using a skin analyzer). Based on the results and discussions in this study, it can be concluded that the application of a peel-off mask of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is effective for repairing the skin and providing an anti-aging effect.
Impact of Smartphone Usage on the Academic Performance of Students at Public Sector University in Karachi
Authors: Channa Salma , Karim Naseem Abdul , Fiza Kaneez Abdul
Published: January 2024

This research study was conducted to examine the impact of Smartphone usage on the academic achievement of students at a public-sector university in Karachi. The strategy of the research was quantitative and the population of the study was limited to a public university in Karachi. The simple random sampling technique was applied to collect the data and the sample size of the study was 100 respondents. Moreover, the data was analyzed through inferential statistics tool simple linear regression by employing statistical packages of social sciences 20 (SPSS). The findings of the study indicate that the usage of Smartphones influences positively the Academic Performance of students.Students easily and inexpensively access the content and related material. However, the findings also depict that the appropriate use of Smartphones is key to avoiding the overuse that poses numerous problems such as distraction, etc.
Psychological Flaws in Judicial Decision Making
Authors: Karim Saba , Shah Sardar Ali , Bhatti Amir Latif
Published: January 2024

The judges' decision-making always plays a very significant role in governance and the judicial system. The fortification of judicial decision-making is generally considered different aspects that operate on different levels: external and internal factors. This study examines the various Psychological flaws, i.e. Implicit Biases, Heuristics (mental shortcuts), and Noise (varied judgments at different times) in judicial decision-making. This research incorporates the shreds of evidence from various documents, articles and books. Then it explores the internal factors of environment, fatigue, mood, multitasking, and others which cause judges to be inclined toward these flaws. Furthermore, this doctrinal research tries to find valuable ways to reduce these effects. Eventually, it is concluded that judges are mostly being accountable for the code of their conduct, not for the decisions they make. Whether they are free from implicit bias, heuristics and noise? The more conscious and effortful decisions, along with the Checklists, Feedback and Accountability system of judges, can improve fairness and justice in the 21st century.
Modus Operandi of Activism vis-Ã `-vis Passivism: Legal Rhetorics in Pakistani Jurisprudence
Authors: Shahzadi Samra
Published: January 2024

The study explores the reasons behind the paradigm shifts in Pakistani jurisprudence where the judiciary shifts its practices between activism and passivism. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan as a state functions in a way where the system works on the basis of power-sharing between the executive, legislative and judicial branches, however, the judiciary usually steals the limelight with every changing politico-historical phase. Judicial activism and passivity are very much rooted in the socio-historical realities of the country. Judicial activism, which is the practice of judicial power to enunciate and impose counter-ideologies, which once applicable pledges meaningful recodifications of power dealings inside the institutions of the governance, depicts the political part performed by the judiciary. As a significant organ of the state, it plays a vital role in the constitutional machinery of the state by interpreting the laws as well as monitoring the executive and legislature. This activism and passivism have both positive and negative impacts on the state of affairs in Pakistan.
Risk Factors of Criminal Recidivism into Criminal Activities
Authors: Hassan Abida , Rao Sadia Saeed , Amjad Balqees
Published: January 2024

This study has focused on the risk factors of criminal recidivism. Criminal recidivism was measured in terms of relapsing into criminal behaviour or re-indulgence into criminal activities. Idealistically, prisons are places of recreation and regeneration but realistically, prisons inflict more harm to prisoners than is expected. There are factors in abundance available that negatively affect prisoners. The prominent among them are environmental factors which result in a high degree of criminal recidivism among prisoners. Since the objective of the prisoner's environment is to humiliate prisoners as much as possible, therefore, the resulting deviance among the prisoners is highly probable. Moreover, prisons are places of punishment for prisoners as a consequence of their involvement in crimes. They are subjected to a very harsh time so that they can refrain from crimes. However, this subjection results in furthering criminal recidivism as a result of the unconducive environment in the prisons.The data was collected from 100 criminals who were rearrested by police for committing crimes repeatedly.
IMAGINER: improving accuracy with a mixed reality navigation system during placement of external ventricular drains. A feasibility study
Authors: Grunert Ronny , Winkler Dirk , Wach Johannes , Kropla Fabian , Scholz Sebastian , Vychopen Martin , Güresir Erdem
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

The placement of a ventricular catheter, that is, an external ventricular drain (EVD), is a common and essential neurosurgical procedure. In addition, it is one of the first procedures performed by inexperienced neurosurgeons. With or without surgical experience, the placement of an EVD according to anatomical landmarks only can be difficult, with the potential risk for inaccurate catheter placement. Repeated corrections can lead to avoidable complications. The use of mixed reality could be a helpful guide and improve the accuracy of drain placement, especially in patients with acute pathology leading to the displacement of anatomical structures. Using a human cadaveric model in this feasibility study, the authors aimed to evaluate the accuracy of EVD placement by comparing two techniques: mixed reality and freehand placement.

METHODS

Twenty medical students performed the EVD placement procedure with a Cushing’s ventricular cannula on the right and left sides of the ventricular system. The cannula was placed according to landmarks on one side and with the assistance of mixed reality (Microsoft HoloLens 2) on the other side. With mixed reality, a planned trajectory was displayed in the field of view that guides the placement of the cannula. Subsequently, the actual position of the cannula was assessed with the help of a CT scan with a 1-mm slice thickness. The bony structure as well as the left and right cannula positions were registered to the CT scan with the planned target point before the placement procedure. CloudCompare software was applied for registration and evaluation of accuracy.

RESULTS

EVD placement using mixed reality was easily performed by all medical students. The predefined target point (inside the lateral ventricle) was reached with both techniques. However, the scattering radius of the target point reached through the use of mixed reality (12 mm) was reduced by more than 54% compared with the puncture without mixed reality (26 mm), which represents a doubling of the puncture accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS

This feasibility study specifically showed that the integration and use of mixed reality helps to achieve more than double the accuracy in the placement of ventricular catheters. Because of the easy availability of these new tools and their intuitive handling, we see great potential for mixed reality to improve accuracy.
Innovations in craniovertebral junction training: harnessing the power of mixed reality and head-mounted displays
Authors: Ganeshkumar Akshay , Katiyar Varidh , Singh Prachi , Sharma Ravi , Raheja Amol , Garg Kanwaljeet , Mishra Shashwat , Tandon Vivek , Garg Ajay , Servadei Franco , Kale Shashank Sharad
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze the potential and convenience of using mixed reality as a teaching tool for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomaly pathoanatomy.

METHODS

CT and CT angiography images of 2 patients with CVJ anomalies were used to construct mixed reality models in the HoloMedicine application on the HoloLens 2 headset, resulting in four viewing stations. Twenty-two participants were randomly allocated into two groups, with each participant rotating through all stations for 90 seconds, each in a different order based on their group. At every station, objective questions evaluating the understanding of CVJ pathoanatomy were answered. At the end, subjective opinion on the user experience of mixed reality was provided using a 5-point Likert scale. The objective performance of the two viewing modes was compared, and a correlation between performance and participant experience was sought. Subjective feedback was compiled and correlated with experience.

RESULTS

In both groups, there was a significant improvement in median (interquartile range [IQR]) objective performance with mixed reality compared with DICOM: 1) group A: case 1, median 6 (IQR 6–7) versus 5 (IQR 3–6), p = 0.009; case 2, median 6 (IQR 6–7) versus 5 (IQR 3–6), p = 0.02; 2) group B: case 1, median 6 (IQR 5–7) versus 4 (IQR 2–5), p = 0.04; case 2, median 6 (IQR 6–7) versus 5 (IQR 3–7), p = 0.03. There was significantly higher improvement in less experienced participants in both groups for both cases: 1) group A: case 1, r = −0.8665, p = 0.0005; case 2, r = −0.8002, p = 0.03; 2) group B: case 1, r = −0.6977, p = 0.01; case 2, r = −0.7417, p = 0.009. Subjectively, mixed reality was easy to use, with less disorientation due to the visible background, and it was believed to be a useful teaching tool.

CONCLUSIONS

Mixed reality is an effective teaching tool for CVJ pathoanatomy, particularly for young neurosurgeons and trainees. The versatility of mixed reality and the intuitiveness of the user experience offer many potential applications, including training, intraoperative guidance, patient counseling, and individualized medicine; consequently, mixed reality has the potential to transform neurosurgery.
Accuracy of routine external ventricular drain placement following a mixed reality–guided twist-drill craniostomy
Authors: Eom Sangjun , Ma Tiffany S. , Vutakuri Neha , Hu Tianyi , Haskell-Mendoza Aden P. , Sykes David A. W. , Gorlatova Maria , Jackson Joshua
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved during the passage of the catheter. In this study, the authors implemented a mixed reality–guided craniostomy procedure to evaluate the benefit of an optimally drilled craniostomy to the accurate placement of the catheter.

METHODS

Optical marker–based tracking using an OptiTrack system was used to register the brain ventricular hologram and drilling guidance for craniostomy using a HoloLens 2 mixed reality headset. A patient-specific 3D-printed skull phantom embedded with intracranial camera sensors was developed to automatically calculate the EVD accuracy for evaluation. User trials consisted of one blind and one mixed reality–assisted craniostomy followed by a routine, unguided EVD catheter placement for each of two different drill bit sizes.

RESULTS

A total of 49 participants were included in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 59.2% female). The mean distance from the catheter target improved from 18.6 ± 12.5 mm to 12.7 ± 11.3 mm (p = 0.0008) using mixed reality guidance for trials with a large drill bit and from 19.3 ± 12.7 mm to 10.1 ± 8.4 mm with a small drill bit (p < 0.0001). Accuracy using mixed reality was improved using a smaller diameter drill bit compared with a larger bit (p = 0.039). Overall, the majority of the participants were positive about the helpfulness of mixed reality guidance and the overall mixed reality experience.

CONCLUSIONS

Appropriate indications and use cases for the application of mixed reality guidance to neurosurgical procedures remain an area of active inquiry. While prior studies have demonstrated the benefit of mixed reality–guided catheter placement using predrilled craniostomies, the authors demonstrate that real-time quantitative and visual feedback of a mixed reality–guided craniostomy procedure can independently improve procedural accuracy and represents an important tool for trainee education and eventual clinical implementation.