bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Precipitates in 3xxx Series Alloys with Zirconium
Authors: Bigaj Mariusz , Boczkal Sonia , Mitka Monika , Zamkotowicz Zbigniew , Żelechowski Janusz , Gawlik Maciej
Published: July 2015

The study presents the results of microstructure examinations and phase identification of precipitates in AlMn alloys containing zirconium after heat treatment and rolling. Chemical composition in microareas was determined by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) microanalysis performed in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM-EDS) modes. Phase identification was carried out using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) method. Studies have shown that Al6Mn and α- Al17(Fe3.2Mn0.8)Si2 phases were formed in the melt. Microstructure examined by TEM showed the presence of finely dispersed spherical precipitates of zirconium. In the alloy with an addition of silicon and magnesium, numerous precipitates of an Mg2Si phase were also found.
Morphology of Tungsten Growth Forms in Quasicrystalline Al65Cu20Fe14W Alloys
Authors: Gurdziel Wojciech , Krawczyk Jacek , Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Dercz Grzegorz
Published: July 2015

The growth morphology and arrangement of tungsten and β-phase (Al (Fe, Cu)) in Al‑Cu‑Fe‑W alloy were analyzed. The composition of Al65Cu20Fe14W1 (at.%) was used for preparation of ingots containing the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase.The ingots were obtained in a two-stage process. At the first stage the induction melting of the elements and preliminary homogenization by mechanical mixing were carried out. The second stage was realized by vertical Bridgman technique of directional crystallization. The X-ray phase analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and chemical analysis were performed. It was stated that the whiskers of tungsten were irregularly distributed in the volume of ingots. They often form a clump-like agglomerations. The whiskers have different diameters and length. Minimal diameter of the whiskers was about 10 – 100 nm and maximal – several dozen micrometers. The whiskers of tungsten formed a clump-like frames on which the membrane form of β-phase was stretched out or a non-planar oval forms.
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Ahmad Tokeer , Phul Ruby
Published: July 2015

Superparamagnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have fascinated researchers due to their vast applications in biomedical fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, cell sorting, hyperthermia, drug delivery etc. The special properties of SPIONs depend on the method of synthesis and surface modification. Among various synthetic protocols, hydrothermal method has attracted much attention due to simplicity, uniformity and excellent magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. Magnetic properties of SPIONs could be tuned by controlling the size and shape of the particles as well as by the surface modification. Low colloidal stability and high hydrophobic nature of SPIONs result in aggregation of the particles which could be avoided by surface modification of the SPIONs using various capping agents. The size, shape and surface environment of SPIONs can also be controlled by the surface coating. SPIONs are promising contrast agents due to their non-poisonous nature, biocompatibility and large surface area. The biocompatibility of SPIONs is enhanced by the surface coating/modification. The present review focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of SPIONs and their characterization using various techniques and the applications of SPIONs in the MRI.Table of Contents
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrites Synthesized by Microwave-Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Praveena K. , Sadhana K. , Virk Hardev Singh
Published: July 2015

Nanocrystalline Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) ferrites have been successfully synthesised using microwave–hydrothermal method for high frequency applications. The nanopowders were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and sintered using microwave furnace at 900°C and the total time taken for sintering is 30 min. The frequency dependence of real and imaginary part of permeability were measured in the range 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz. The saturation magnetisation and coercive force were obtained using a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) in the field of 1.5 T. The temperature dependence of initial permeability (μi) was measured in the temperature range of 300K to 600K at 10 kHz. The high values of permeability and saturation magnetization enables these materials to be the potential candidates for a number of applications, for example, in transformers, choke coils, noise filters and recording heads.
Clinical Indicators for Endotracheal Suctioning in Adult Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Sole Mary Lou , Bennett Melody , Ashworth Suzanne
Published: July 2015

Background

Critically ill patients who need mechanical ventilation require endotracheal suctioning. Guidelines recommend coarse crackles over the trachea and/or the presence of a sawtooth pattern on the flow-volume loop of the ventilator waveform as the best indicators.

Objective

To determine clinical cues for endotracheal suctioning in patients who require mechanical ventilation.

Methods

A descriptive study of 42 adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. After baseline endotracheal suctioning with a closed-system device, patients were assessed hourly up to 4 hours for guideline-based cues for endotracheal suctioning and lung sounds were auscultated. Endotracheal suctioning was done when cues were detected or 4 hours after baseline suctioning. Secretions were collected, measured, and weighed.

Results

Most patients were male (62%) and white (93%). Mean age was 51 years, and mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 7.5 days. The median time to endotracheal suctioning was 2 hours, and a mean of 4.4 mL of secretions was removed. Three patients had no cues identified but had 1.0 mL or more of secretions. The most frequent cues were crackles over the trachea (88%), sawtooth waveform (33%), coughing (29%), and visible secretions (5%). Cues resolved and physiological parameters improved after suctioning. Coarse lung sounds did not improve.

Conclusions

Patients receiving mechanical ventilation should be routinely assessed for coarse crackles over the trachea, the most common indicator for endotracheal suctioning. Despite common practice, assessment of lung sounds to identify the need for suctioning is not supported.
Typing TREX1 gene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fredi M. , Bianchi M. , Andreoli L. , Greco G. , Olivieri I. , Orcesi S. , Fazzi E. , Cereda C. , Tincani A.
Published: July 2015

An impaired expression of interferon-α regulated genes has been reported in patients with either systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic encephalopathy with onset in infancy. One of mutations causing AGS is located in the TREX1 gene on chromosome 3. Heterozygous mutations in TREX1 were reported in SLE patients. TREX1 is a DNA exonuclease with specificity for ssDNA. An impairment of its activity may result in the accumulation of nucleid acid. A recent study described a significant association between a haplotype including several common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TREX1 and neurological manifestations in European SLE patients. Fifty-one SLE patients were screened for TREX1 gene, and the corresponding data were collected from clinical charts. A novel heterozygous variant (p.Asp130Asn) was identified in one patient and in none of 150 controls. A missense variation was located in one of the three active sites of the gene and was classified as probably damaging. Variations of SNP rs11797 were detected in 33 SLE patients and a variation of rs3135944 in one. A significantly higher rate of the minor allele (T nucleotide) of SNP rs11797 was found in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations [12/16 (75%) vs 28/86 (32.5%) O=0.002, odds ratio=6.42 95% confidence interval (1.7-26.2)]. Only 1 out of 8 patients (12.5%) with neuropsychiatric SLE carried the wild-type form in homozygosity. Although we analyzed a small number of patients, we found a novel variation of TREX1, which may be pathogenic. The polymorphism of rs11797 was more frequent in SLE patients with neurological manifestations.
Coexistence of axial spondyloarthritis and thromboangiitis obliterans in a young woman
Authors: Lopalco G. , Iannone F. , Rigante D. , Vitale A. , Mancini M.E. , Covelli M. , Lapadula G. , Cantarini L.
Published: July 2015

A peculiar coexistence of axial spondyloarthritis and ischemia of the feet and the fourth finger of the left hand in a young woman, who was a heavy smoker, is discussed in this report. This picture was considered within the context of thromboangiitis obliterans. Positivity of anti-nuclear antibodies and mild elevation of inflammatory parameters were noted. Computed tomography angiograms of upper and lower limbs showed luminal narrowing and occlusion of the left humeral, left anterior/posterior tibial and right anterior tibial arteries. Daily iloprost perfusions were started, and smoking cessation was strongly recommended. Coldness and rest pain in the distal extremities improved within a few weeks. The possibility that spondyloarthritis might precede the clinical picture of thromboangiitis obliterans should be considered in heavy smokers.
A method for counting monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
Authors: Montagna P. , Brizzolara R. , Ferrone C. , Cutolo M. , Paolino S. , Cimmino M.A.
Published: July 2015

This study was aimed to standardize the technique for counting monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with gout. A total of 52 SF specimens were examined under a polarized light microscope. The amount of SF ranged between 0.1 and 45 mL (median 3 mL). MSU crystals were counted in four areas with the same size at 400x magnification. Cytological examination of the same specimens was also performed. Median leukocyte count was 400 cells/mm3 (range 50-14,000 cells/mm3), with a median percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 9% (range 0%-98%). Median crystal count was 179.5 (range 3-1600). Inter- reader and intra-reader agreement in crystal counting were good with a weighed k of 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-0.94] and 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.93), respectively. Our data indicate that the SF MSU crystal count is a feasible and highly reliable technique.
The Spirituality of Q
Authors: Foster Paul
Published: July 2015

The term spirituality is notoriously difficult to define, as is evidenced by the discussions between contemporary sociologists of religion. If there are any central elements to such a definition, they revolve around the search for the sacred, and the view that certain practices or beliefs lead to humans being placed in a position of privileged access to the transcendent dimension. Often such spiritual experiences and insights are the result of practices that seek deeper communication with the divine, or stem from contemplative reflection upon one’s purpose in a broader context of universal ontology. This discussion seeks to probe Q for its understanding of spirituality, both in terms of the way the text promotes communication with the divine, as well as offering heightened spiritual experience for adherents to its teaching. In essence, this is an exploration of the way the new religious movement reflected in Q offered its followers contact with the transcendent within the context of everyday human life.
Concept of Manas
Authors: Amin Hetal , Sharma Rohit , Vyas Hitesh A. , Vyas Mahesh K.
Published: July 2015

Studying a single Shāstra (treatise) is not enough to grab the true import of any concept. For a truly inter-disciplinary approach, knowledge of as many allied branches, be it from science or philosophy, is desirable. Nyāya philosophy is a system of logic or rules, whereas Āyurveda is the science of life. The relationship of Manas (~mind) to the body is accepted by both Āyurveda and Nyāya philosophy. In order to gain a better understanding of the concept of Manas, it is necessary to screen the philosophical views, which are present in ancient Āyurvedic as well as Nyāya texts. Therefore, in the current article, an attempt has been made to derive the concept of Manas from Nyāya philosophy as well as Āyurvedic science.
Assessment of a Brief Handoff Skills Workshop for Incoming Interns: Do past Handoff Experiences Impact Training Outcomes?
Authors: Smith Christopher J. , Wadman Michael C. , Harrison Jeffrey , Beck Gary L.
Published: July 2015

Background

Patient care handoffs are a core professional activity that incoming interns are expected to perform without direct supervision upon starting residency, yet training in medical schools is inconsistent.

Objective

To implement a brief handoff communication workshop for incoming interns and determine whether learner-level determinants were associated with differences in training outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a one-hour interactive handoff skills workshop for all incoming interns at a Midwestern academic medical center. We performed paired pre/post-intervention assessments of participants' attitudes and ability to perform representative handoff skills. The results were analyzed in aggregate and based upon participants' prior handoff experiences using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Ninety-nine of 108 interns (91.7%) completed both pre- and post-surveys. There was significant improvement in all 10 attitude-based questions ( P ≤ 0.014 for all) and on the skills assessment (1.07 vs 2.16 on 0–4 point scale, SD 1.25, P ≤ 0.001). Results remained significant regardless of prior training, number of handoffs observed, number of handoffs performed, medical school, or residency discipline.

Conclusion

A brief interactive workshop for incoming interns can improve participants' confidence and performance of basic handoff skills, regardless of previous training or experience.
Analysis of an Implicit Fully Discrete Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Time-Fractional Kdv Equation
Authors: Wei Leilei , He Yinnian , Zhang Xindong
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we consider a fully discrete local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method for a time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The method is based on a finite difference scheme in time and local discontinuous Galerkin methods in space. We show that our scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent through analysis. Numerical examples are shown to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of our scheme.
Thermoelectric Viscoelastic Fluid with Fractional Integral and Derivative Heat Transfer
Authors: Ezzat Magdy A. , Sabbah A. S. , El-Bary A. A. , Ezzat S. M.
Published: July 2015

A new mathematical model of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory has been constructed in the context of a new consideration of heat conduction with a time-fractional derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 1 and a time-fractional integral of order 0 < γ ≤ 2. This model is applied to one-dimensional problems for a thermoelectric viscoelastic fluid flow in the absence or presence of heat sources. Laplace transforms and state-space techniques will be used to obtain the general solution for any set of boundary conditions. According to the numerical results and its graphs, conclusion about the new theory has been constructed. Some comparisons have been shown in figures to estimate the effects of the fractional order parameters on all the studied fields.
Local RBFs Based Collocation Methods for Unsteady Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Zhang Xueying , An Xin , Chen C. S.
Published: July 2015

The local RBFs based collocation methods (LRBFCM) is presented to solve two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In avoiding the ill-conditioned problem, the weight coefficients of linear combination with respect to the function values and its derivatives can be obtained by solving low-order linear systems within local supporting domain. Then, we reformulate local matrix in the global and sparse matrix. The obtained large sparse linear systems can be directly solved instead of using more complicated iterative method. The numerical experiments have shown that the developed LRBFCM is suitable for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with high accuracy and efficiency.
Optimal Bicubic Finite Volume Methods on Quadrilateral Meshes
Authors: Chen Yanli , Li Yonghai
Published: July 2015

In this paper, an optimal bicubic finite volume method is established and analyzed for elliptic equations on quadrilateral meshes. Base on the so-called elementwise stiffness matrix analysis technique, we proceed the stability analysis. It is proved that the new scheme has optimal convergence rate in H1 norm. Additionally, we apply this analysis technique to bilinear finite volume method. Finally, numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis of bicubic finite volume method.
Assessment of multi-decadal WRF-CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States
Authors: Gan C.-M. , Pleim J. , Mathur R. , Hogrefe C. , Long C. N. , Xing J. , Wong D. , Gilliam R. , Wei C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Multi-decadal simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx over the past 21 years (1990–2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014) utilizing observations (e.g. SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995–2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both all-sky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even through it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrenpancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data.
Sensitivity of polar stratospheric cloud formation to changes in water vapour and temperature
Authors: Khosrawi F. , Urban J. , Lossow S. , Stiller G. , Weigel K. , Braesicke P. , Pitts M. C. , Rozanov A. , Burrows J. P. , Murtagh D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. More than a decade ago it was suggested that a cooling of stratospheric temperatures by 1 K or an increase of 1 ppmv of stratospheric water vapour could promote denitrification, the permanent removal of nitrogen species from the stratosphere by solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. In fact, during the two Arctic winters 2009/10 and 2010/11 the strongest denitrification in the recent decade was observed. Sensitivity studies along air parcel trajectories are performed to test how a future stratospheric water vapour (H2O) increase of 1 ppmv or a temperature decrease of 1 K would affect PSC formation. We perform our study based on measurements made during the Arctic winter 2010/11. Air parcel trajectories were calculated 6 days backward in time based on PSCs detected by CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder satellite observations). The sensitivity study was performed on single trajectories as well as on a trajectory ensemble. The sensitivity study shows a clear prolongation of the potential for PSC formation and PSC existence when the temperature in the stratosphere is decreased by 1 K and water vapour is increased by 1 ppmv. Based on 15 years of satellite measurements (2000–2014) from UARS/HALOE, Envisat/MIPAS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, Envisat/SCIAMACHY and SCISAT/ACE-FTS it is further investigated if there is a decrease in temperature and/or increase of water vapour (H2O) observed in the polar regions similar to that observed at midlatitudes and in the tropics. Although in the polar regions no significant trend is found in the lower stratosphere, we found from the observations a correlation between cold winters and enhanced water vapour mixing ratios.
Precipitation legacy effects on dryland ecosystem carbon fluxes: direction, magnitude and biogeochemical carryovers
Authors: Shen W. , Jenerette G. D. , Hui D. , Scott R. L.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The precipitation legacy effect, defined as the impact of historical precipitation (PPT) on extant ecosystem dynamics, has been recognized as an important driver in shaping the temporal variability of dryland aboveground primary production (ANPP) and soil respiration. How the PPT legacy influences whole ecosystem-level carbon (C) fluxes has rarely been quantitatively assessed, particularly at longer temporal scales. We parameterized a process-based ecosystem model to a semiarid savanna ecosystem in southwestern US, calibrated and evaluated the model performance based on 7 years of eddy covariance measurements, and conducted two sets of simulation experiments to assess interdecadal and interannual scale PPT legacy effects over a 30 year simulation period. The results showed that decreasing the previous period/year PPT (dry legacy) always imposed positive impacts on net ecosystem production (NEP) whereas increasing the previous period/year PPT (wet legacy) had negative impacts on NEP. The simulated dry legacy impacts were mostly positive on gross ecosystem production (GEP) and negative on ecosystem respiration (Re) but the wet legacy impacts were mostly negative on GEP and positive on Re. Although the direction and magnitude of GEP and Re responses to the simulated dry and wet legacies were influenced by both the previous and current PPT conditions, the NEP responses were predominantly determined by the previous PPT characteristics including rainfall amount, seasonality and event size distribution. Larger PPT difference between periods/years resulted in larger legacy impacts, with dry legacies fostering more C sequestration and wet legacies more C release. By analyzing the resource pool (C, N, and H2O) responses to the simulated dry and wet legacies, we found that the carryover of soil N between periods/years was mainly responsible for the GEP responses while the carryovers of plant biomass, litter and soil organic matter were mainly responsible for the Re responses. These simulation results suggest that previous PPT conditions can exert substantial legacy impacts on current ecosystem C balance, which should be taken into account while assessing the response of dryland ecosystem C dynamics to future PPT regime changes.
Enhancing the T-shaped learning profile when teaching hydrology using data, modeling, and visualization activities
Authors: Sanchez C. A. , Ruddell B. L. , Schiesser R. , Merwade V.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Previous research has suggested that the use of more authentic learning activities can produce more robust and durable knowledge gains. This is consistent with calls within civil engineering education, specifically hydrology, that suggest that curricula should more often include professional perspective and data analysis skills to better develop the "T-shaped" knowledge profile of a professional hydrologist (i.e., professional breadth combined with technical depth). It was expected that the inclusion of a data driven simulation lab exercise that was contextualized within a real-world situation and more consistent with the job duties of a professional in the field, would provide enhanced learning and appreciation of job duties beyond more conventional paper-and-pencil exercises in a lower division undergraduate course. Results indicate that while students learned in both conditions, learning was enhanced for the data-driven simulation group in nearly every content area. This pattern of results suggests that the use of data-driven modeling and visualization activities can have a significant positive impact on instruction. This increase in learning likely facilitates the development of student perspective and conceptual mastery, enabling students to make better choices about their studies, while also better preparing them for work as a professional in the field.
Evolution of rheologically heterogeneous salt structures: a case study from the northeast of the Netherlands
Authors: Raith A F. , Strozyk F. , Visser J. , Urai J. L.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. At the first order salt structures are controlled by the low flow strength of evaporites and by the tectonic boundary conditions. Rheological contrasts within an evaporite body have an important effect on the evolution of the internal structure of salt, but how this mechanical layering affects salt deformation at different scales is not well known. The potassium–magnesium salts (K-Mg salts) carnallite and bischofite are prime examples of layers with much lower effective viscosity than rock salt: their low viscosity presents serious drilling hazards but also allows squeeze solution mining. In contrast, anhydrite and carbonate layers (stringers) in salt are much stronger than halite. In this study, we used high-resolution 3-D seismic and well data to study the evolution of the Veendam and Slochteren salt pillows at the southern boundary of the Groningen High, northern Netherlands. Here the rock salt layers contain both the mechanically stronger Zechstein III Anhydrite–Carbonate stringer and the weaker K-Mg salts, providing an example of extreme rheological heterogeneities in salt structures. The internal structure of the two salt pillows shows areas in which the K-Mg salt-rich ZIII 1b layer is much thicker than elsewhere, in combination with a complexly ruptured and folded ZIII Anhydrite–Carbonate stringer. Thickness maps of supra-salt sediments and well data are used to infer the initial depositional architecture of the K-Mg salts and their deformation history. Results suggest that active faulting and the resulting depressions of the Zechstein surface above a Rotliegend graben caused the local accumulation of bittern brines and precipitation of the thick K-Mg salts. During the first phase of salt flow and withdrawal from the Veendam area, under differential loading by Buntsandstein sediments, the ZIII stringer was boudinaged while the lens of Mg salts remained relatively undeformed. This was followed by a convergence stage, when the K-Mg salt-rich layers were deformed with the evolving salt pillows. This deformation was strongly disharmonic and strongly influenced by folding of the underlying, ruptured ZIII stringer, leading to thickening and internal deformation of the carnallite–bischofite layers.
Who Done It, Actually? Dissociative Identity Disorder for the Criminologist
Authors: Sachs Adah
Published: July 2015

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (American Psychiatric Association 2013) is examined in this paper from the perspective of its relevance to the criminologist. As this psychiatric condition is linked to severe and prolonged childhood abuse, accounts of DID patients inevitably involve reports of serious crimes, in which the person was the victim, perpetrator or witness. These reports can thus contain crucial information for criminal investigations by the police or for court proceedings. However, due to the person’s dissociation, such reports are often very confusing, hard to follow, hard to believe and difficult to obtain. They also frequently state that the person had ‘no choice’, a thorny notion for the criminologist (as well as for the clinician). Through the analysis of clinical examples, the paper explores how decisions are made by a person with DID, the notions of choice and ‘competent reasoning’, and the practical and ethical ways for interviewing a person with DID.
Dissecting Disbelief: Possible Reasons for the Denial of the Existence of Ritual Abuse in the United Kingdom
Authors: Richardson Kate
Published: July 2015

When allegations of ritual abuse first came to light in the UK, they were met primarily with a ‘discourse of disbelief’ that left little room for the possibility accounts could be based in genuine experience. Despite convictions, recent criminological, sociological and psychological literature appears fixed on debunking ritual abuse’s existence through highly debated concepts such as ‘false memory’. This paper proposes three broad ‘reasons’ for the creation and maintenance of disbelief around ritual abuse, highlighting the importance of key cases in shaping press coverage of the issue during the 1980s and 1990s, and the role survivor advocates have played in distancing ritual abuse from established knowledge within both psychology and child protection. I argue that the tangibility of death and abject horror within survivor accounts, as well as the perceived religious motivations of perpetrators, make ritual abuse both experientially and conceptually alien to most members of late-modern societies.
Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Guest Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Salter Michael
Published: July 2015

One of the most unnerving aspects of child sexual abuse is that it is constantly manifesting in unexpected ways. The current Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse has collected testimony of abuse in churches, schools, out-of-home care, hospitals and religious communities, demonstrating the breadth of institutional arrangements whose structures and cultures have facilitated child sexual abuse. Cases of serious and prolonged sexual abuse in family contexts have been excluded from the terms of reference of the Royal Commission but nonetheless continue to surface in media reports. In 2013, twelve children were permanently removed from an extended family living in rural NSW in what has been described as one of the worst cases of child abuse in Australia, involving intergenerational incest going back at least three generations (Auebach 2014). Another recent high-profile case involved the use of the Internet to facilitate the sexual exploitation of an adopted child by his parents in Queensland (Ralston 2013). These cases challenge the received wisdom that child sexual abuse is characterised by the victimisation of one child by one opportunistic offender. Such incidents suggest instead that child sexual abuse takes varied and systemic forms, and can operate to perpetuate and entrench toxic cultures and power structures.   This special issue on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation is a timely contribution to ongoing efforts to understand the multiplicity of child sexual abuse. It is an interdisciplinary collection of insights drawn from criminology, sociology, psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis, and includes papers from academic researchers alongside academic practitioners whose writing is grounded in their work with affected individuals and communities. A key aim of the special issue is to contextualise the diversity of child sexual abuse socially, politically and historically, recognising the dynamic and iterative relationships between sexual abuse and the contexts in which it takes place. The contributions to this special issue examine how the diversity and dynamics of abuse unfold at the individual, community and social level, and across time. The issue is focused on emerging or under-recognised forms of child sexual abuse, such as organised abuse and sexual exploitation, which illustrate recent shifts in the knowledge base and require new and innovative criminological thinking.Download the PDF file from this page to find out more about this special edition.
Leanne Weber, Elaine Fishwick and Marinella Marmo (2014) Crime, Justice and Human Rights. Palgrave Macmillan.
Authors: Hogg Russell
Published: July 2015

Crime, Justice and Human Rights is an invaluable resource for those interested in the growing links between human rights, criminal justice and criminology. The authors have succeeded in producing a systematic survey of issues and debates arising at the contemporary interface of human rights and criminal justice that is comprehensive in its coverage of the literature and core topics, richly informative, clear and accessible. As such the book is highly recommended as a text for upper undergraduate or postgraduate units on human rights and criminal justice/criminology. Of particular note in this regard are the additional resources and useful links provided at the end of each chapter. But to commend it only as a text would sell it short, for it introduces and engages theoretical debates and critical perspectives around human rights in a way that will be of interest to an academic audience well beyond the classroom setting.Download the PDF file from this page to access the full review of this book.
Foreign Direct Investment within the Country of Libya as Post-Conflict Region: The Image of Oil Industry after (2011)
Authors: Almnfi Mohamed , Yang Dr. Lihua
Published: July 2015

The editorial board announced that this article has been retracted on July 01, 2015, If you have any further question, please contact us at: ijld@macrothink.org
The Efficiency and Strategy of Companies Operating in the Popular Market: A Study on the Furniture Industry in Brazil
Authors: Passos Carlos Augusto , Spers Renata Giovinazzo , Wright James Terence Coulter
Published: July 2015

This study aims at confirming if during the years 2001 and 2012 companies of the furniture industry, which invested in the popular goods market, had greater financial efficiency and what were the main strategies used by these companies to achieve this efficiency. The study also sets out to investigate whether there is a relationship between the basic interest rate of the economy, inflation and the efficiency noted in this period. The results showed that firms that chose the popular market had greater financial efficiency and the interests show a reverse causality toward more efficient companies that have served this market.
INFORMAÇOES VALORIZADAS PELAS MÃES/ACOMPANHANTES FRENTE AOS CUIDADOS DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA
Authors: Valério Paloma Nascimento , Oliveira Aline Silva da Fonte Santa Rosa , Morais Rita de Cássia Melão , Souza Tania Vignuda
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi de analisar as informações valorizadas pelas mães/acompanhantesfrente aos cuidados à criança hospitalizada. Esse estudo tem abordagem qualitativa e foi desenvolvido em umainstituição pública pediátrica, localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2012. Foram entrevistadas onzemães/acompanhantes de criança hospitalizada. A análise dos dados foi temática e emergiu as seguintes unidadestemáticas: lavagem das mãos; manipulação dos dispositivos tecnológicos e cuidados habituais modificados. Osresultados evidenciaram que as mães/acompanhantes valorizavam as informações para a prevenção e controledas infecções hospitalares, por meio da lavagem das mãos; da manipulação dos dispositivos tecnológicosutilizados pela criança com vistas à alta hospitalar; e dos cuidados habituais modificados, tendo em vista ouso de dispositivos tecnológicos. Conclui-se que as mães acompanhantes se preocupam com as informaçõesfornecidas pela equipe de saúde, para proteger a criança e a evitar complicações durante a hospitalização.
AUTOESTIMA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE UMA SÉRIE DE GESTANTES ATENDIDAS EM REDE PÚBLICA DE SAÚDE
Authors: Santos Alinne Barbosa dos , Santos Karolynne Elena Peluti , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego , Prado Patrícia Rezende do , Amaral Thatiana Lameira Maciel
Published: July 2015

O objetivo foi descrever os níveis de autoestima e de qualidade de vida de gestantes atendidas na rede pública de saúde de Rio Branco, estado do Acre. Foram entrevistadas 352 gestantes da zona urbana, com idade gestacional ≥35 semanas, em 2011. Sendo empregada a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O perfil da amostra foi de 21 a 25 anos (40,9%), solteiras (79,3%), não-brancas (82,9%), escolaridade ensino médio ou superior (66,7%), renda familiar menor que dois salários mínimos (60,2%), multigestas (59,4%) e gravidez atual desejada (85,5%). Menor autoestima foi apresentada pelas grávidas não-casadas e pelas de maior classificação econômica. Observou-se menor qualidade de vida, no domínio físico, entre aquelas acima de 30 anos. Assim, a presença de companheiro e a classificação econômica parecem influenciar a autoestima e a idade, a qualidade de vida, das mulheres no período gestacional.
RADIOTERAPIA E BRAQUITERAPIA NA ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Rosa Luciana Martins da , Misiak Marciele , Marinho Monique Mendes , Ilha Patrícia , Radünz Vera , Fermo Vivian Costa
Published: July 2015

Estudo bibliométrico e cienciométrico que identificou e caracterizou as publicações da enfermagem referentes à radioterapia e braquiterapia no âmbito nacional. A coleta de dados foi realizada em agosto de 2013, com busca nas Bases de Dados da Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Scientific Electronic Library Online através dos descritores “enfermagem”, “radioterapia” e “braquiterapia”. Incluídas 30 publicações, analisadas por estatística descritiva simples cujos resultados mostraram que 43,33% dos conhecimentos foram produzidos por mestres e mestrandos, a maioria vinculada às instituições de ensino da Região Sudeste; 56,66% publicadas em periódicos classificados com estratos A1 e B1; 20% abrangeram a prevenção, identificação e tratamento de complicações e efeitos colaterais; os estudos foram predominantemente qualitativos. A produção de conhecimento na área investigada é incipiente, por isso a necessidade de maior investigação a fim de melhorar o cuidado às pessoas submetidas às essas modalidades terapêuticas.
DERMATITE FLAGELADA INDUZIDA POR BLEOMICINA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Bispo Junior Walfrido , Barros de Oliveira Silvana Maria , Soares Oliveira Rosane , Santos Lima Monik Kelly
Published: July 2015

A Dermatite Flagelada consiste de uma hiperpigmentação cutânea de aspecto flagelado, tendo como causa específica a bleomicina. A bleomicina é um agente quimioterápico usado no tratamento de diferentes neoplasias. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de uma paciente de 31 anos de idade, em tratamento de Linfoma de Hodgkin com protocolo de Quimioterapia Antineoplásica composto por quatro drogas, dentre elas, a bleomicina, que cursou com o desenvolvimento da Dermatite Flagelada. Trata-se de um relato de caso ocorrido num hospital universitário do nordeste do Brasil em 2014. A terapia utilizada como tratamento foi uso de corticoide, o que proporcionou a remissão das lesões do tipo flagelo e permitiu a continuidade do tratamento sem necessidade de mudança do protocolo quimioterápico. A importância do estudo se deve por levantar discussão sobre os aspectos que envolvem o manejo dessa hipersensibilidade, para garantir a continuidade do tratamento antineoplásico.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DISCIPLINA NA MODALIDADE A DISTÂNCIA POR ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Cogo Ana Luísa Petersen , Valli Gabriela Petró , Bonmann Débora Marie Da Silva , Durlo Jamile Araujo , Pereira Karema Da Conceição
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento da disciplina ‘Enfermagem e Pesquisa’ na modalidade a distância em Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, caracterizando as similaridades e as diferenças em relação ao ensino presencial. Teve abordagem quantitativa do tipo exploratória-descritiva realizada com 60 estudantes da disciplina na modalidade presencial e 53 a distância de universidade pública no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2012 e 2013 por questionário e dados do ambiente vir tual, analisados pela estatística descritiva (nível de significância de 5%). Os estudantes das turmas a distância apresentaram maior proporção de profissionalização, comparados com as turmas presenciais (p=0,007). A comunicação por correio eletrônico foi predominante com o envio de 266 mensagens solicitando esclarecimentos sobre exercícios. Conclui-se que existem similaridade snas avaliações das turmas nas duas modalidades de ensino, sendo que a modalidade a distância é uma alternativa aos estudantes trabalhadores.
IMPACTO DO DESFECHO NEONATAL EM PUÉRPERAS DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS PORTADORES DE ANOMALIA CONGÊNITA
Authors: Oliveira Julyane Vasconcelos , Westphal Flavia , Abrahäo Anelise Riedel
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve por finalidade identificar em puérperas, sinais de estresse decorrentes do processo de enfrentamento da gestação de um feto portador de anomalia congênita. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado no ambulatório de medicina fetal da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, entre janeiro e abril de 2014. Para este estudo foram utilizados dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: um formulário de identificação sociodemográfica e de antecedentes reprodutivos e a Escala do Impacto do Evento- Revisada, aplicados a 24 puérperas. Foram identificados sinais de estresse em 62,5% das puérperas estudadas, sendo que destas, 41,7% gestaram fetos inviáveis. Quanto ao período gestacional do diagnóstico fetal, verificou-se que 75% das mulheres o receberam no 2º trimestre de gestação e do total, 37,5% apresentaram alta probabilidade de ter transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Assim, podemos supor que o diagnóstico precoce permite assistência de maior qualidade a gestante/casal/família, favorecendo evolução pós-parto com menor estresse.
PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS EM SAÚDE NA FORMAÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Moreira Juliana Faheina , Ataíde Márcia Barroso Camilo
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se compreender a importância das práticas educativas em saúde na formação deacadêmicos de enfermagem, por meio de um estudo descritivo qualitativo, realizado entre os meses de setembroa outubro de 2014 com cinquenta estudantes de enfermagem. As informações foram coletadas por entrevistasemiestruturada, os depoimentos organizados e analisados conforme o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Foramrespeitadas as normas éticas por meio do parecer 889.504. Emergiram os três discursos-síntese, ancorados nasseguintes ideias centrais: conceito de Educação em Saúde; importância das práticas educativas na formaçãoacadêmica; e, dificuldades ao executar atividades educativas. Nota-se que há convergências entre o modelobiomédico e a execução das atividades educativas, no entanto é evidenciada como importante ferramenta deconstrução profissional. Por fim, conclui-se que a Educação em Saúde ocupa posição de destaque na formaçãode acadêmicos de enfermagem, no entanto, sendo necessário rediscutir seu conceito.
AVALIAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE DE IDOSOS INTERNADOS EM SERVIÇO DE EMERGÊNCIA DE UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Antunes Juliane De Fátima Santos , Pinto Okuno Meiry Fernanda , Barbosa Teixeira Lopes Maria Carolina , Vancini Campanharo Cássia Regina , Assayag Batista Ruth Ester
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a fragilidade de idosos internados no Serviço de Emergência de umhospital universitário do estado de São Paulo. O período da coleta de dados foi de março a junho de 2014.Estudo transversal com 101 idosos, por período igual ou superior a 24 horas. Análise realizada pela aplicaçãoda Edmonton Frail Scale. A média de idade foi 75 anos, 50,5% sexo feminino, 58,4% não terminou o ensinofundamental, 89,1% aposentados ou pensionistas e 84,2% acompanhados de cuidador. Antecedentes frequentesforam: hipertensão arterial (65,3%), diabetes mellitus (65,3%) e tabagismo (44,6%). Em relação à fragilidade, amédia do escore total foi 9,85, indicando fragilidade moderada. Os idosos com doenças neurológicas, demência,idade mais avançada e que tinham cuidador apresentaram maior fragilidade. O rastreamento da fragilidade propiciaplanejamento com vistas à prevenção de incapacidade e o agravamento das condições de saúde dos idosos.
ANÁLISE DE VÍDEOS DO YOUTUBE QUE ABORDAM A TÉCNICA DE CATETERISMO URINÁRIO DE DEMORA FEMININO
Authors: Cavalcante de Morais Pinto Anna Patrícia , Silvanêre Pereira Dantas Marta , Candido de Oliveira Salvador Pétala Tuani , Filgueira Martins Cláudia Cristiane , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia
Published: July 2015

Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada no sítio de compartilhamentoYouTube, cujo objetivo foi caracterizar os vídeos do YouTube que abordam a técnica de cateterismo urinário dedemora feminino. A busca dos vídeos foi realizada em setembro de 2014 utilizando-se o descritor controlado“cateterismo urinário”. Foram analisados 29 vídeos, dos quais apenas três estavam de acordo com os padrõesestabelecidos pela literatura; dentre os principais erros encontrados, destacam-se a ausência de registro noprontuário, da lavagem das mãos e a utilização da mesma luva para a antissepsia e inserção do cateter. Apesarde o sítio de compartilhamentos de vídeo YouTube ser uma ferramenta amplamente difundida atualmente, háuma carência de vídeos que reproduzam a técnica de acordo com o que é preconizado na literatura, o quepode influenciar negativamente a população que o utiliza para fixar o conhecimento.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL ENTRE TRABALHADORES DE ENFERMAGEM DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO
Authors: Stanganelli Nathanye Crystal , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito , Claudio Caroline Vieira , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Ribeiro Patricia Helena Vivan , Ribeiro Benedita Gonçalves de Assis Ribeiro
Published: July 2015

O objetivo foi identificar a utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem, durante procedimentos que os exponham aos fluidos biológicos. Pesquisa observacional, descritiva, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital público do estado do Paraná, no período de janeiro a maio de 2014, utilizando-se da obser vação não-par ticipante e intencional de 201 procedimentos por meio de um checklist. Verificou-se no Centro Cirúrgico que as luvas de procedimentos (97%) obtiveram maior adesão, entretanto sapatos fechados e óculos não foram utilizados nenhuma vez. Na Central de Material e Esterilização nenhum trabalhador utilizou as luvas de procedimentos, borracha e térmicas, entretanto a máscara comum (44,4%) teve maior aderência na sala de limpeza. Nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e Pronto Socorro as luvas de procedimento foram utilizadas (100%), porém a adesão aos óculos foi baixa (0,86%). Os trabalhadores de enfermagem não utilizaram todos os equipamentos preconizados pela legislação durante suas atividades.
A ESCRITA CIENTÍFICA E A DIVULGAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Frias Ana
Published: July 2015

Editorial