bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations on the structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Verbenaceae with a note on their taxonomic significance
Authors: Mathew L. , Shah G. L.
Published: August 2010

The structure and development of stomata on the leaves of 35 species of Verbenaceae are described. Mature stomata are anomocytic, haplocytic, transitional between paracytic and diacytic, paracytic, diacytic, anisocytic, tetracytic, tricytic, cyclocytic and bipolar. The different types occur in different combinations even on the same surface. In all there are 24 combinations. Inspite of the diversity the most frequent type is anomocytic in Callicarpa macrophylla, Citharexylum, Duranta, Holmskioldia, Premna (except Pr. latifolia), Priva, Stachytarpheta indica (ab), Tectona, Verbena (except adaxial surface of V. indica, V. officinalis, V. stricta), diacytic in Avicennia, C. tomentosa, Petrea, Phyla, Pr. latifolia, S. mutabilis and adaxial surface of S. indica and anisocytic in Bouchea and adaxial surface of V, incisa, V. officinalis and V. stricta.

A few variations in basic stomatal morphology encountered are (i) stomata with common subsidiary cells, (ii) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells by wall formation or the neighbouring perigenes assuming their shapes, (iii) unusual type of anisocytic stoma and completely amphicyclic anisocytic stoma, (iv) juxtaposed, superposed, at right angles or obliquely oriented contiguous stomata, (v) a stoma with unequal guard cell, one guard cell, epidermal cell like guard cells and only with pore.

Stomata with subsidiary cells are mesogenous but a few diacytic and anisocytic ones are mesoperigenous. The anomocytic and cyclocytic are perigenous. Ontogeny of tetracytic and bipolar is not traced.

The taxonomic importance of stomatal morphology as an aid to delineate genera and species within a genus is also indicated.
Zwergbinsengesellschaften in der Mongolei. Ergebnisse der Mongolisch‐Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962 Nr. 97
Authors: Hilbig Werner , Schamsran Zedengin
Published: August 2010

Aus Flußauen der Mongolischen Volksrepublik (MVR) wird anhand von Vegetations‐aufnahmen über das Auftreten von vier Gesellschaften der Zwergbinsenvegetation (Isoeto‐Nanojuncetea, Cyperetalia fusci) berichtet. Es wurde eine Juncus, bufoniue‐Limosella aquatica‐Ges., eine Eleocharia acicularis‐Schoenoplectus supinus‐Ges., eine Cyperus fuscus Ges. und eine Koenigia islandica‐ Veronica rubricaulis‐Ges. ausgeschieden. Bei der Erfassung der Zwergbinsenvegetation konnten für das Gebiet der MVR 6 neue Arten nach‐gewiesen werden: Dichostylia hamulosa, Schoenoplectw, supinus, Middendorfia borystheleica, Centaurium puchellum ssp. meyeri und Veronica rubricaulis. Die kurzlebige annuelle Zwergbinsenvegatation ist, wenn auch häufig fregmentarisch, im Gebiet der MVR wesentlich weiter verbreitet und sollte stärkere Beachtung finden.
Beitrag zur Chorologie, Taxonomie und Coenologie von Salix aurita ssp. uliginosa
Authors: Passarge Harro
Published: August 2010

Die morphologischen, chorologischen und coenologischen Besonderheiten (s. Tab. 1–3) von Salix aurita ssp. uliginosa (Willd.) stat. nov. werden aufgezeigt. Neu beschriebene Syntaxa sind: Impatienti‐, Crepido‐Salicetum uliginosae, Alno‐, Crepido‐, Calamagrostio‐Salicenion uliginosae und Impatienti‐Salicion uliginosae (s. S. 610).
Karyology and hydridization in the Carex flava complex in Switzerland
Authors: Schmid B.
Published: August 2010

The karyology of Carex flava aggregate in Switzerland was investigated. Fertility was measured and crossings were done.

The microsporogenesis is described.

In Switzerland, the C. flava group consists of C. flava var. flava (n = 30, 31), C. flava var. alpina (n = 30, 31), C. lepidocarpa (n = 34), C. demissa (n = 34, 35), and C. serotina (n = 34, 35, 36). The three species with high chromosome numbers often grow together with C. flava. Accordingly, F1‐hybrids with this parental species are frequent. Their meiosis and fertility are profoundly disturbed. With artificial hybrids, disturbances decrease as the differences in chromosome numbers of the parents decrease. Backcrossings with the parents over many generations lead to forms identical in morphology and fertility to the pure species, which are called stabilized cryptic backcrosses. The extensive genetic and karyotype‐variability within populations, particularly of C. flava, might be due to this introgression. In other parts of Europe (e.g. Britain) hybrids with C. flava as one parent are rare. As a consequence, introgression plays a little role and karyotypes are stable.

Karyotype evolution in C. flava group is quite different from karyotype evolution in other Carex species. This is due to differences in life history tactics.
Morphological variation in Nepeta nuda L
Authors: Kokkini S. , Babalonas D.
Published: August 2010

A great morphological variation in Nepeta nuda L. is firstly reported; it especially refers to the characters which distinguish its two subspecies nuda and albiflora. The existence of the gynodioecious condition in this species is also firstly noted.
Beobachtungen zur Morphologie der Keimpflanzen von sechzehn Taxa der Gattung Achillea L., die die natürlichen Di‐, Tetra‐, Hexa‐ und Oktoploide repräsentieren
Authors: Dąbrowska Janina
Published: August 2010

Young stages of the seedlings ontogeny of sixteen Achillea taxa were observed and some characters of their morphology were described as well as presented on drawings and photographs. Similarity of seedlings of some taxa was discussed.
Vegetation of inland desert wadies in Egypt III. Wadi Gimal and Wadi El‐Miyah
Authors: El‐Sharkawi H. M. , Salama F. M. , Fayed A. A.
Published: August 2010

Two desert wadies of contradictory ecological conditions were studied. The water factor seems to be the most critical ecological factor in determining the type of vegetation as well as its richness. In Wadi Gimal, of extremely dry conditions (both climatic and edaphic) a typical xerophytic community dominated by Zilla spinosa, Pulicaria undulata and Cassia italica was identified, together with a less xeric (but more tolerant to salinity) community of Tamarix aphylla — Limonium axillare exist in the deltaic part of the wadi near the Red Sea coast. In Wadi El‐Miyah, of fairly rich water resources, 3 communities were identified the species composition of each reflects different degrees of aridity which is related to local physiography in the wadi coarse. These communities are: 1. Community of Salsola delileana — Francoeuria crispa, 2. Community of Acacia raddiana — Pergularia tomentosa and, 3. Community of Zygophyllum coccineum — Pulicaria undulata.
7 neue Alchemilla‐Arten aus den Alpen
Authors: Fröhner Sigurd
Published: August 2010

Der Autor beschreibt als Ergebnis von Geländebeobachtungen, Herbarstudien und Kulturversuchen 5 neue Alchemilla‐Arten aus der Steiermark (Österreich), 1 aus Osttirol (Österreich) und 1 aus den Greyerzer Kalkalpen (Schweiz). Auf weitere in der Steiermark entdeckte westalpische Alchemilla‐Arten und auf einige noch unklare Sippen wird hingewiesen. Die neuen Arten werden gemäß der Bastardtheorie des Autors in ihrer verwandtschaftlichen Stellung diskutiert. Ihre Chorologie wird besonders besprochen.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis zentralperuanischer Pflanzengesellschaften V. Die Vegetation der subnivalen Stufe
Authors: Gutte Peter
Published: August 2010

Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vegetationseinheiten der subnivalen Stufe stellt den Abschluß einer Serie vegetationskundlicher Arbeiten aus Zentralperu (Gutte 1978, 1980, 1985, 1986) dar. Basierend auf 48 pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen werden acht Pflanzengesellschaften, darunter vier neue Assoziationen, beschrieben. Sie werden in vier neue Verbände und in zwei provisorisch aufgestellte Klassen eingeordnet. Von jeder Gesellschaft werden Vorkommen, Gesellschaftsaufbau und Lebensformenspektrum angegeben.
Einige infraspezifische Umkombinationen und Neubeschreibungen bei Kultursippen von Brassica L. und Papaver L
Authors: Hanelt Peter , Hammer Karl
Published: August 2010

Umkombinationen und Neubeschreibungen im infraspezifischen Bereich werden bei Kultursippen von Brassica L. (7 Umkombinationen) und Papaver L. (2 Neubeschreibungen, 1 Umkombination) publiziert.

Als Folge der Neuklassifikationen der infraspezifischen Variabilität einiger Kulturpflanzen‐Arten, die in der Neuauflage von „Rudolf Mansfelds Verzeichnis landwirtschaftlicher und gärtnerischer Kulturpflanzen”︁ (Schultze‐Motel, 1986) angenommen wurden, ergab sich bei der Zusammenstellung des Index Seminuni 1987 des Gaterslebener Instituts die Notwendigkeit, einige Umkombinationen sowie Neubeschreibungen von infraspezifischen Sippen vorzunehmen. Diese werden hier im folgenden den Regeln entsprechend vorgestellt.
Revision der mitteleuropäischen tertiären Fagaceen nach blattepidermalen Charakteristiken I. Teil — Lithocarpus Blume
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Walther Harald
Published: August 2010

Durch blattepidermale Merkmale wird die Gattung Lithocarpus Blume (Fagaceae) charakterisiert und nach der Haarbildung in mehr oder weniger künstliche Gruppen unterteilt. Der einzige blattanatomisch und blattmorphologisch begründete fossile Vertreter — Lithocarpus saxonicus Walther et Kvaček — kommt in oligozänen Schichten der DDR als ein akzessorisches Element der warmgemäßigten humiden Mixed Mesophytic Forest Formation vor.
Cytomorphological studies in some weedy species of the family Solanaceae from Jos Plateau, Nigeria
Authors: Husaini S. W. H. , Iwo G. A.
Published: August 2010

The chromosome counts of seven weedy species in three genera of the family Solanaceae have been made from Jos Plateau, Northern Nigeria for the first time. All the investigated species agree with the previous reports of chromosome numbers. Distribution map is provided.
A preliminary survey of the flora of Sikar, India
Authors: Sharma B. M.
Published: August 2010

The paper describes the floristics of Sikar in the arid zone of India. The commonest plants belong to the families of Papilionaceae, Compositae, Asclepiadaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae and Gramineae. A list of plants occurring in the area has been given.
Pedicularis rohtangensis (Scrophulariaceae): A new species from Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: Aswal B. S. , Goel A. K. , Mehrotra B. N.
Published: August 2010

A new species Pedicularis rohtangensis ASWAL, GOEL et MEHROTRA, sp. nov. (Scrophulariaceae) collected from Rohtang slope (Himachal Pradesh) in North‐West Himalayas is described and illustrated.
Zur Herausbildung von Zwiebeln der Sektion Oreiprason aus dem Tjan‐Shan
Authors: Bajtenov Muslim S. , Kameneckaja Irina I.
Published: August 2010

Die Herausbildung von Allium Sect. Oreiprason im Tjan‐Shan wird untersucht. Auf Grund ihres anzestralen Charakters wird die neogene Allium hymenorhizum als die älteste Art der Sektion betrachtet. Demzufolge bildeten sich auf der Basis ihrer Populationen etliche endemische Arten. Beigefügt ist ein Schlüssel der Arten.
A synopsis of Solanum subgenus Potatoe (G. DON) (D'ARCY) (Tuberarium (DUN.) BITTER (s. 1.))
Authors: Child Alan
Published: August 2010

The infrageneric taxa of the genus Solanum L. which seem to fit the concept of the subgenus Potatoe (G. DON) D'ARCY (1972) are reviewed. The sections are identified in a diagnostic key and are described with the more important species. The subgenus is evaluated as more or less discrete from other subgenera of Solanum but is drawn close to the genus Lycopersicon MILLER which is treated, for the purposes of this study, as a taxon of sectional rank. A new taxon, Lycopersicoides CHILD, is described as a subsection of the section Lycopersicon.
Desmids new to Kerala
Authors: Shaji C. , Patel R. J.
Published: August 2010

The present paper treats 33 taxa of desmids belonging to 8 genera collected from ponds, paddy fields, ditches and streams of Quilon district, Kerala. Of these, Cosmarium clepsydra NORDST. var. duplex PRESCOTT, Cosmarium depressum (NÄG.) LUND f., Cosmarium reniforme (RALFS) ARCHER var. compressum NORDST. f., Cosmarium subdanicum WEST et WEST, Cosmarium umbilicatum LUTKEM., Staurastrum striolatum (NÄG.) ARCHER var. divergens WEST et WEST and Desmidium grevillei (KÜTZ.) DE BARY f. are supposed to be new to India and all the taxa are reported for the first time from Kerala.
Seed proteins electrophoresis of Vicia faba L. and their immidiate progenitors — a reappraisal
Authors: Sammour R. H.
Published: August 2010

Electrophoretic patterns of total seed protein analysed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non‐dissociating and dissociating conditions was found to be diagnostic traits of the Vicia species. The close similarity in the seed protein profiles of the cultivated and Vicia narbonensis subsp. narbonensis indicated that V. narbonensis subsp. narbonensis can be considered as the immediate progenitors of V. faba. Study also indicated that V. serratifolia should be included as a subspecies of V. narbonensis.
Die Gattung Schrankia WILLD. (Leguminosae — Mimosoideae) — neu für Kuba
Authors: Bässler Manfred
Published: August 2010

Die Gattung Schrankia WILLD. (Leguminosae — Mimosoideae) wird erstmals für Kuba nachgewiesen. Bisher sind von S. hamata HUMB. et BONPL. ex WILLD. drei Fundorte in der Nähe von Santiago de Cuba bekannt. Die Unterschiede zu S. leptocarpa DC. und S. portoricensis URBAN werden dargestellt.
Flora of South Yemen — Angiospermae A provisional checklist
Authors: Gabali Saeed Abdo , Al‐Gifri Abdul‐Nasser
Published: August 2010

An attempt has been made in this paper to compile a check‐list of the dicotyledonous plants in the flora of South Yemen on the basis of literature reports as well as several field trips to various localities in the country. In addition, herbarium collections available in the country were studied. In all 467 species belonging to 244 genera from 71 families are given in this check‐list. Further studies may reveal the occurrence of more species. It is hoped that this check‐list might serve as a step toward a comprehensive flora of South Yemen.
Stomatal types in the Umbelliferae in relation to taxonomy Tribes Coriandreae and Scandiceae
Authors: Ostroumova T. A.
Published: August 2010

Stomatal types of 14 species representing seven genera of the tribe Coriandreae and of 34 species of ten genera of the tribe Scandiceae were investigated, the species were mainly from the USSR flora. The tribe Coriandreae is rather homogenous as concerned to stomatal types, hemiparacytic and anomocytic stomata predominate; however, some exceptions are observed: in Schrenkia golickeana stomata are partly anisocytic and in Fuernrohria setifolia some stomata are diacytic; all the species have amphistomatic leaves. In the tribe Scandiceae diacytic stomata predominate or occur in significant frequency in many species, mainly belonging to the genera Chaerophyllum, Grammosciadium, Scandix. The rest of the species explored have anomocytic and rarely hemiparacytic stomatal types. In some species leaves are amphistomatic, in other species hypostomatic. Relevant taxonomic problems are discussed.
Phylogenetic and systematic value of stomata in Bicarpellatae (BENTHAM et HOOKER sensu stricto)
Authors: Gill L. S. , Nyawuame H. G. K.
Published: August 2010

Foliar epidermal morphology and ontogeny of stomata are described for 320 taxa distributed in 13 families of the Bicarpellatae. The epidermal cells are generally straight‐walled in the woody taxa but sinuous in herbs and small shrubs. The different stomata types commonly described in the dicotyledons viz: anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic and diacytic have been recognized during the present study. The families Acanthaceae and Labiatae are remarkable in showing only diacytic stomata generally regarded as the most advanced. The distribution, size and frequency of stomata could be used to establish systematic divisions and to suggest phylogenetic relationships within the Bicarpellatae. Ontogeny of stomata is uniform only in the family Oleaceae but heterogenous in all the other families. Evidence from stomatal ontogeny therefore appears to be taxonomically important only at the genus level. Single guard‐celled stomata, aborted stomata and contiguous stomata are of regular occurrence in the presently investigated families except the family Scrophulariaceae which showed no stomatal abnormalities. Adjacent stomata with cytoplasmic connections between their guard cells are of rare occurrence and such stomata are recorded in only six taxa distributed in the families Gentianaceae, Oleaceae and Solanaceae.
Vitalfärbung der Ölkörper der Lebermoose mit Diachromen und Fluorochromen
Authors: Müller‐Stoll Wolfgang R. , Ahrens Gerhard
Published: August 2010

Durch Dimethylgelb (p‐Dimethylaminoazobenzol) in extrem verdünnter wäßriger Lösung werden die Ölkörper aller Lebermoos‐Arten voll vital angefärbt. Neutralrot bewirkt ebenfalls in stark verdünnter Lösung bei längerer Färbedauer eine elektive Rotfärbung der Ölkörper bei einigen Lebermoosen. Es handelt sich um eine elektro‐adsorptive Bindung von Farbkationen an der Oberfläche der Ölkörper und um Lösungsspeicherung im Innern. Rhodamin B bewirkt in prämortalem Zustand der Ölkörper ebenfalls eine elektive Färbung. Fluoreszenzmikroskopisch läßt sich mit Rhodamin B, Auramin, Acridinorange und Coriphosphin die Existenz einer solchen Hüllschicht nachweisen. Diese ist Träger spezifischer Adsorptionskräfte für die Farbkationen basischer Farbstoffe, enthält aber außerdem lipode Bestandteile, die eine Löslichkeitsspeicherung von Rhodamin B und wahrscheinlich auch der anderen Farbstoffe, wenngleich in viel geringerem Maße, bewirken. Die Ölkörper der Lebermoose besitzen eine plasmatische lipoidreiche Hüllschicht von besonderem Bau. Das Innere ist von einer nicht lebenden Emulsion aus einer öligen und einer wäßrigen Phase erfüllt.
Comparative anatomical characters of Periplocaceae follicles and their taxonomic significance
Authors: Dave Yash , Kuriachen P. M.
Published: August 2010

The fruits of Cryptolepis buchanani and Hemidesmus indicus are follicles. The fruit wall or the pericarp is distinguished into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Epicarp is multilayered in both the fruits, composed of an epidermal layer and a collenchymatous zone of hypodermis. In H. indicus the collenchymatous zone is filled with tanniniferous contents. The mesocarp is parenchymatous. Vascular bundles are found overarched by cellulosic fibre bundles. Laticifers present in the mesocarp are non‐articulated. The lignified fibrous endocarp of Cryptolepis is thicker and harder than that of Hemidesmus. The follicles dehisce marginicidally. The pericarp anatomy of these two genera are compared with that of Cryptostegia grandiflora and a taxonomic key is also added to delineate these three genera.
Cuticular studies of some West African species of the Apocynaceae of medicinal value
Authors: Nyawuame H. G. K. , Gill L. S.
Published: August 2010

A comparative study of the leaf epidermis of 45 West African Apocynaceous taxa using the light microscope has been undertaken. Variations observed in anticlinal cell wall pattern, trichomes, size, distribution, frequency, morphology and ontogeny of the stomatal complex are discussed. Aborted stomata and single guard‐celles stomata are reported in Allamanda and Thevetia for the first time.
Chalara ovoidea Nag Raj et Kendrick – eine weitere Pilzart im Krankheitsgeschehen der Trauben‐ und Stieleichen
Authors: Traue H. , Arnold Günter R. W.
Published: August 2010

Es werden die Symptome einer neuen, verstärkt im östlichen Harzvorland auftretenden Eichenkrankheit und deren Erreger – Chalara ovoidea – beschrieben.
Vegetative anatomy of Brachiaria obtussiflora (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf and Brachiaria callopus (Pilg.) Stapf (Poaceae)
Authors: Ogundipe O. T. , Olatunji O. A.
Published: August 2010

The microscope anatomy of the vegetative parts of B. callopus and B. obtussiflora is described for the first time. The investigations of these data have revealed a striking identity between the anatomical features of B. obtussiflora and Echinochloa. The similarity is so strong that we would not hesitate to suggest the placement of B. obtussiflora and not B. callopus in the genus Echinochloa on the basis of anatomical evidence. Anatomical evidence of B. callopus shows that it possesses similar anatomical characters with the species of Brachiaria and therefore should not be excluded from the genus Brachiaria.
A cluster analysis study on Cinnamomum from Kerala, India
Authors: Ravindran Shylaja , Balakrishnan R. , Manilal K. S. , Ravindran P. M.
Published: August 2010

A cluster analysis study was carried out in Cinnamomum species occurring in the Kerala state of India with an aim of solving some of the taxonomic problems existing in the genus. Twentyeight collections (OTUs) representing eight species were used in the study. Twenty characters recorded from the OTUs were subjected to numerical analysis by single, complete and average linkage analysis. The OTUs were grouped using the centroid linkage technique. The cluster analysis of characters established the following character clusters: (i) bud type, stomatal type, phyllotaxy, and epidermal thickness (ii) hairiness, hair frequency and hair length (iii) inflorescence length, nature and type (iv) thickness of leaf, palisade, and spongy parenchyma and (v) leaf length and leaf breadth. The centroid linkage clustering has shown that C. camphora, C. perrottetti, C. riparium and C. cassia are very distinct types and hence formed independent clusters. C. malabatrum and C. veruum are closely related and formed close clusters. C. malabatrum is more complex having considerable intraspecific variability and hence ended up in more than one cluster, pointing to a need for a reexamination of this species.
The leaf anatomy of the species of Cochlospermum Kunth (Cochlospermaceae) in West Africa
Authors: Ogundipe O. T. , Olatunji O. A.
Published: August 2010

The leaf anatomy of the species of Cochlospermum Kunth occurring in West Africa is described. The stomata occur only on the lower surfaces of the leaves. The vasculature in the petiole is of medullated type in C. planchoni, while it is are with adaxial traces in C. tinctorium. Angular collenchyma is present in the petiole. Epidermis and mesophyll are uniseriate. Unicellular hairs occur on both surfaces of C. planchoni but vary in density. The two species can therefore be limited on the basis of anatomical characters.
Die Pflanzengesellschaften der stehenden Gewässer in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern Teil I. 2. Lemnetea‐Wasserlinsengesellschaften
Authors: Doll Reinhard
Published: August 2010

In dieser Arbeit werden die Gesellschaften der Lemnetea minoris in Mecklenburg erfaßt und diskutiert.

Es werden neun Assoziationen, Gesellschaften oder Bestände der Lemnetea minoris unterschieden.

Ausführlich werden Ökologie und Soziologie der vorgestellten Einheiten diskutiert.
Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic significance in Thalictrum minus‐complex
Authors: Nikolić Toni
Published: August 2010

The presence of phenotypic plasticity may produce remarkable influences on the efficiency of usage of diagnostical characteristics and on the reality of hierarchical arrangements. In this paper the emphasis is on needfulness of lessening of taxonomic importance for some characteristics (plant height, number of leaflets, leaflet length, leaflet width) and enlargement of some other characteristics (number of leaflets incision, hairiness of upper leaflets side, lower leaflets side and hairiness of stalk) on the basis of displayed phenotypic plasticity caused through exposure of experimental groups to sun or shade.
Floral anatomy of six species of Impatiens
Authors: Devi D. Rama
Published: August 2010

The floral anatomy of six species of Impatiens has been studied. The hypogynous, tetracyclic, zygomorphic flowers are basically pentamerous. The posterior sepal bears a nectariferous spur. The stamens are connate by the filaments below the anthers which stand as a cap over the stigmas. The 5‐carpellary, syncarpous ovary is 5‐locular with many ovules in each loculus.

The sepals, petals and stamens are single traced. Anatomy shows that the anterior perianth part is the product of adnation between the anterolateral sepals and anterior petal. The carpels are 3‐traced and the ovular supply is derived from the central core of vascular tissue in the placental region. The study supports the placement of Balsaminaceae in the order Geraniales.
Numerical taxonomy of the genus Erodium L'Hérit. (Geraniaceae) in Egypt
Authors: Naggar S. M. El
Published: August 2010

Morphological data were acquired from herbarium and living specimens belonging to 14 native species of Erodium. Specimens were scored for 12 vegetative, 2 inflorescence, 18 floral and 17 fruit characters. The data were analysed using cluster analysis and which enabled the distinction of two main groups: Plumosa and Erodium. Plumosa group is classified into three subgroups: Crassifolea, Oxyrrhynchea and Glaucophyllea, while Erodium group is distinguished into five subgroups viz: Gruinea, Ciconea, Pulverulentea, Laciniatea and Cicutarea.
Nachtrag zu den Analysen der Gattung Festuca Sect. Festuca in Böhmen
Authors: Toman Miloslav , Labem Ústí Nad
Published: August 2010

In dieser Arbeit werden im Zusammenhang mit der Charakteristik des Komplexes des Bêlské‐Tals Ergänzungsanalysen von Festuca psammophila subsp. psammophila und F. psammophila subsp. mueller‐stollii veröffentlicht. Ferner werden die Taxa der Gattung Festuca Sect. Festuca in Böhmen zönologisch charakterisiert und zugleich Druckfehler in Feddes Repertorium 101 (1990) 1–2, S. 1–40 korrigiert.
The leaf epidermal studies of some species of Aspilia Thouars (Asteraceae)
Authors: Ogundipe O. T. , Adegbite E. A.
Published: August 2010

The leaf epidermal surfaces of nine species of Aspilia Thouars were examined and described. The species are hypoamphistomatic and possess anomocytic and animocytic types, only a few species show the actinocytic type of stomata. The epidermal hairs (non‐glandular) are found and could be of diagnostic value. The nine species fall clearly into two artificial groups on the basis of the cuticular striations observed. The cuticular striations are present in A. bracteosa, A. linearifolia, A. rudis, A. bussei and A. spenceriana; and absent in A. africana var. africana, A. africana var. ambigua, A. helianthoides, A. kotschyi var. kotschyi, A. kotschyi var. alba and A. paludosa. Also prickle‐like unicellular hairs occur in A. kotschyi var. alba, A. helianthoides and A. bracteosa. A key based on epidermal characters is proved for the identification of the species studied.
Chemosystematics of the Sapindaceae
Authors: Umadevi I. , Daniel M.
Published: August 2010

Nineteen members of the Sapindaceae have been screened for their foliar flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. The family is heterogeneous in its chemical constitution. The Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae are merged with the Sapindaceae. The intra‐familial classification of the Sapindaceae by Radlkofer gains support from the chemical data. Dodonea is found to be very distinct from the rest of the family and therefore the creation of a separate subfamily Dodoneoideae is suggested. Filicium decipiens finds a proper place in this family.
Carotenoids in certain lichens from the Chichibu Mountains, Central Japan
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli , Yoshida Kozo
Published: August 2010

Column and thin‐layer chromatography revealed the presence of the following carotenoids in the thalli of 13 lichen species from Central Japan: lycopene, α‐carotene, ß‐carotene, lycoxanthin, lycophyll, rubixanthin, α‐cryptoxanthin, ß‐cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, rhodoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, mutatoxanthin, flavoxanthin, luteoxantin, ß‐apo‐2′‐carotenal and ß‐citraurin. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 26.0 (Lobaria linita) to 88.6 μg g−1 dry wt (Cetraria pseudocomplicata).
Dimension analysis of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) ENDL. fibers
Authors: Shaltout K. H.
Published: August 2010

The present study indicates the abundant occurrence of two types of fibers (bark and xylem fibers) in the stem tissues of the evergreen circum‐Mediterranean shrub T. hirsuta. The bark fibers have cellulosic walls, and are much longer, and narrower in diameter and lumen. The means of these variables are 3329, 12.6, and 6.9 microns respectively. On the other hand, xylem fibers have lignified walls. The means of their length, diameter, and lumen are 824, 13.9, and 7.8 microns respectively. The frequency distribution of the length of both types of fibers are presented. The fiber dimensions of this plant are comparable to those of many soft and hardwoods, and more suitable, from the papermaking point of view, than those of bagasse and rice straw: the main local materials for the production of paper in Egypt.
Floristic elements and distribution pattern in the flora of Chotanagpur (Bihar) India
Authors: Agarwal Vijayluxmi , Paul S. R.
Published: August 2010

Eight types of floristic elements are recognized in the flora of Chotanagpur Plateau (23.5°–24° N lat. and 83°–86° E long.) Bihar, India. The Eastern‐South Eastern‐Australian element (57 sps.–30.97%) has been found to be dominant. Six taxa are endemic to the region. Six main types of distribution patterns, mainly based on PAUL's (1991) study on phytogeography of Netarhat (Chotanagpur), Bihar has been recognized. The study reveals that montane plants have stronger links with north‐eastern and southern regions.
Systematic studies on the tribe Brassiceae (Cruciferae) in Egypt
Authors: El Naggar S. M.
Published: August 2010

Sixty one comparative attributes were investigated for thirty seven OTU's of the tribe Brassiceae in Egypt. The investigated taxa are categorized in eight groups: Brassica, Enarthrocaprus, Erucaria, Rapistrum, Carrichtera, Zilla, Savignya and Moricandia. The subtribes Brassicinae, Cakilinae, Zillinae and Savigninae appeared that they are monophyletic, while each of Raphaninae, Vellinae and Moricandiinae is polyphyletic.
Leaf architecture in relation to taxonomy: Meliaceae
Authors: Sarma Vijayalakshmi , Raja Rao S. Shanmukha , Beena C. H.
Published: August 2010

Leaf architectural features in nine genera and eleven species of the Meliaceae have been studied. The major venation pattern conforms to pinnate camptodromous either with eucamptodromous or brochidodromous and mixed craspedodromous types. The highest degree of vein order is up to 7°. Leaf architectural characteristics such as the presence of major venation categories, nature of the marginal ultimate venation, areoles, presence or absence of bundle sheath and the type of leaf margin are found to be helpful in delimiting the taxa studied. Accordingly, a key is prepared for the identification of the species investigated.
Response on photosynthetic pigments to drought and salt stress in some desert species
Authors: Elhaak M. A. , Migahid M. M. , Wegmann K.
Published: August 2010

The effect of drought and NaCl osmotic stress were tested on the pigment contents of the desert species Gymnocarpos decandrum, Ononis vaginalis, Plantago albicans and Zygophyllum album. Samples of these species were collected from their habitats in the north‐western desert of Egypt and from plants grown in the green‐house under different levels of osmotic stress. The pigment contents decreased with drought stress but increased with salt stress with varying degrees in the four species. Chlorophyll b was more sensitive to drought stress than chlorophyll a. Higher pigment contents were recorded in the widely distributed species than in the less distributed ones. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids exhibited higher tolerance to salt stress than to drought.
Frequency and distribution of wood rays in several conifers. With 6 Figures and one Table
Authors: Schultze‐Dewitz G.
Published: August 2010

The paper deals with the behaviour of parameters of wood rays over stem's transverse section as to be found in selected publications as well as in their continuance over the stem length according to own additional investigations. Considered are height, number and portion of uniseriate rays in peripherical wood of the mature tree species Pinus silvestris L., Picea abies, (L.) KARST., Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO, Larix decidua MILL., and Taxodium distichum RICH. With increasing tree height ray height decreases, number of rays more or less increases, and ray portion decreases only with Pinus silvestris and Picea abies.
Floristic evaluation of anthropopressure zones in Warsaw With 5 Figures
Authors: Sudnik‐Wójcikowska B. , Moraczewski I. R.
Published: August 2010

In the present work the results of floristic investigations conducted in Warsaw for over a period of 10 years were used. The city area was divided into 225 squares. Each square was assigned to one of the four anthropopressure zones A, B, C, D which were distinguished with respect to the gradually decreasing intensity and duration of man's impact. The work attempts to find the best floristic reflection of the anthropopressure zones. For each square both the floristic lists and the previously defined complex indices of flora synanthropization were analyzed.

The use of complex indices instead of entire flora is associated with the inevitable reduction of informations which may be selected intentionally.

Seven different ways of classifying the squares according to the anthropopressure intensity: A‐B‐C‐D, A‐B‐(CD), A‐(BC)‐D, (AB)‐C‐D, (AB)‐(CD), A‐(BCD), (ABC)‐D were compared with the floristic classifications. These classifications were compiled using the cluster analysis in which both the entire flora and complex indices were used.

Assessing the similarities between classifications it is possible to draw conclusions about the sensitiveness of indices and flora as a whole to change due to man. Floristic value of the borders between the anthropopressure zones A‐(BCD) or between (AB)‐(CD) is the greatest. In general, the indices reflect the anthropopressure zones better than the entire flora.
Occurrence and distribution of ploidy levels of Oryza punctataKOTSCHY ex STEUD. in Africa With 5 Figures and 3 Tables
Authors: Faluyi J. O. , Nwokeocha C. C.
Published: August 2010

A total of 29 accessions consisting of local and other African accessions of Oryza punctata KOTSCHY ex STEUD. were studied for their agrobotanical characteristics, chromosome number and reproductive biology.

Chromosome studies revealed normal meiosis with regular bivalent pairing suggesting that the polyploids are amphidiploid. Asynchrony of meiotic stages was observed in different anthers. The diploids showed economy of pollen production, earlier maturity, reduced biomass but high seed set.

The distribution of ploidy levels in Africa shows that: the diploid is widespread. the ranges of the diploids and tetraploids overlap possibly with some degree of sympatry, tetraploids have spread beyond the range of diplods. All these suggest that the tetraploid is a young polyploid complex. The results of ecological and cytological observations are discussed in the light of the potentials for variability in the species.
Systematic position of Avicennia
Authors: Reddy M. S. , Kumari Ch. Vitaya , Radhakrishnaiah M.
Published: August 2010

The chemotaxonomy of Avicennia is studied. Though it shows a few variations in chemical features, the totality of evidence from diverse disciplines including the chemistry does not favour its paring off from Verbenaceae to an independent family of its own. Its retention as an integral part of Verbenaceae is adduced.
Relationships and diagnostic characters of Chenopodium striatiforme J. Murr, C. striatum (Krašan) J. Murr and C. strictum Roth With 11 Figures and 3 Tables
Authors: Dvořák F.
Published: August 2010

C. striatiforme J. Murr participates in the formation of the genotypes of the hybridogenous species C. striatum (Krašan) J. Murr and C. strictum Roth. C. striatum (Krašan) J. Murr has smaller seeds with a black seed‐coat and greater seeds with a seed‐coat coloured carmine up to colcothar or chestnut up to sepia; it is at the species C. strictum Roth on the contrary.
Holzanatomische Untersuchungen an einem fossilen Holz, Circoporoxylon grandiporosum Müller‐Stoll et Schultze‐Motel, aus dem Unteren Jura von Frankreich Mit 4 Abbildungen, einer Tabelle und 2 Tafeln
Authors: Süss H. , Philippe M.
Published: August 2010

Aus dem Unteren Jura von Frankreich werden Holzreste beschrieben und als Circoporoxylon grandiporosum bestimmt. Die Ursachen, die zur unregelmäßigen Anordnung der Tracheiden auf dem Querschnitt des Holzes führen, die Zuwachszonenfolge, die Bildung von Wundgewebe und der Holzabbau durch Pilze werden diskutiert.
Epidermal studies in some Nigerian trees With one Table
Authors: Nyawuame H. G. K. , Adedio M. U. , Gill L. S.
Published: August 2010

Leaf epidermal structure of 30 trees distributed in 17 dicotyledenous families was studied. Interspecific variation in cell wall pattern was observed in the two species of Macaranga covered in this study. The cells were straight‐walled in M. barteri but sinuously‐walled in M. monandra. In addition to this variation, peltate hairs were observed in M. barteri. The two species also varied in their stomatal faetures. Alchornea was another species which showed interspecific variation in epidermal and stomatal features. Stellate hairs were observed in A. cordifolia but were absent in A. laxiflora. Mature stomata were paracytic in A. cordifolia but in A. laxiflora they were anomocytic. Differences in stomatal size and frequency were also observed in the two species. Contiguous stomata were reported here for Avicennia africana, Mitragyna inermis and Pterygota macrocarpa.
Comparative phytochemical and morphological study of two species of the Scabiosa L. genus
Authors: Perdetzoglou D. , Skaltsa H. , Tzakou O. , Harvala C.
Published: August 2010

A phytochemical and morphological comparative study of two taxa of the Scabiosa L. genus has been carried out. The chemical investigation concerns the isolation and identification of six flavonoids from Sc. tenuis and seven flavonoids from Sc. argentea. The morphological study deals with ten traits of both species (on a total of 213 specimens). The relation between the chemical pattern and phylogenesis is discussed. The results of morphometric study are connected with their geographical distribution; Figures of the latter are also given. Correlation of phytochemical and morphological results is attempted.
Seed protein homology and species relationship in the Tribe Vicieae
Authors: Sammour R. H.
Published: August 2010

Electrophoresis of seed proteins from the tribe Vicieae species was carried out on SDS‐PAGE. On the basis of similarity matrix index, the homology of Cicer arietinum with the rest of the members of the tribe Vicieae is approximately the same as that of Trifolieae and Ononideae. This endorsed the removing of Cicer from Vicieae and assigned it to a separate tribe, the Cicerideae. The three dimensional model of the Cicer species grouped the species into five groups. One of these groups includes C. arietinum and C. reticulatum. These data support the suggestion that C. reticulatum is the wild progenitor of the cultivated Cicer.
Investigations on carotenoids in lichens from Nothofagus forests along the precipitation gradient (North‐Western Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Czeczuga B. , Calvelo S.
Published: August 2010

Carotenoids contents in 26 specimens of six different species of corticolous lichens, collected along precipitation gradients from Nothofagus forests, North‐Western Patagonia have been investigated by means of column and thin‐layer chromatography. The presence of the following carotenoids: α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein, 3′‐epilutein, zeaxanthin, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin, hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, α‐doradexanthin, astaxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, luteoxanthin, mutatoxanthin, capsochrome and apo‐6′‐lycopenal.

The total content of carotenoids ranged from 12.24 (Platismatia glauca) to 56.51% μg g−1 dry weight (Nephroma antarcticum var. antarcticum).

The amount of precipitations does not effect significantly the occurrence and total content of respective carotenoids.
Studies on the threatened woody perennial taxa in the flora of Egypt I. Protected areas of Egypt: New proposals
Authors: El‐Ghani M. M. Abd , Fahmy A. G.
Published: August 2010

The World Conservation Strategy recognize two types of protection: in situ and ex situ preservations. A network of protected areas should be established to safeguard a nation's living resources. The first list of nature reserves in Egypt included 12 sites to be protected ares across the country.

On the conservation action, the authors propose a series of conservation sites to the proposed network system of preservations. Selection of sites is mainly based on the plant species criteria that help in identifying areas that deserve urgent protection. The series include seven nature reserves, six wildlife sanctuaries and five botanic gardens.
Studies on the threatened woody perennial taxa in the flora of Egypt II. Extinct and endemic taxa
Authors: El‐Ghani M. M. Abd , Fahmy A. G.
Published: August 2010

An idea about the extinct and endemic woody perennial threatened taxa that need to be conserved was discreened. The valid name, habitat, local and world distribution and the floristic category is given for each taxon. The natural rarity of the studied species can be related to its geographical distribution. Degradation of vegetation due to overgrazing is pronounced in wadis where its vegetation is relatively rich and dense. Complete destruction of the natural vegetation is carried out for settlements. Anthropogenic activities also have dramatic effect over natural vegetation especially in desert, where plant life subsits under adverse conditions of aridity.
Sideritis fernandez‐casasii‐eine neue Art aus Spanien
Authors: Roselló R. , Peris J. B. , Stübing G. , Mateo G.
Published: August 2010

Aus der spanischen Flora wird eine neue Art der Gattung Sideritis L. (S. fernandez‐casaii) beschrieben.
Taxonomische Untersuchungen in der Subtribus Malvinae II. Dinacrusa
Authors: Krebs G.
Published: August 2010

In der Arbeit wird Dinacrusa als neue Gattung der Malvinae beschrieben. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Untergattungen Dinacrusa, Liogonia und Malvalthaea sowie aller Arten und Unteraten wird gegeben. Alle Taxa werden ausführlich dargestellt.
De Liliifloris notulae 5. Some new taxa and combinations in the Amaryllidaceae tribe Amaryllideae from arid Southern Africa
Authors: Dietrich  , Müller‐Doblies Ute
Published: August 2010

The genus Namaquanula [only known from the southern side of the Orange River (Cape)] is no longer monotypic: a second species, N. etesionamibensis, is described from the northern bank of the Orange River, circa 60 km upstream as the crow flies (Namibia). A distribution map shows two further minor localities of each species in Namibia.
Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes) 2
Authors: Kreisel H.
Published: August 2010

A preliminary world‐wide key to eight sections and 36 species of the gasteromycete genus Calvatia FR. emend. KREISEL is presented, and a list of specimina visa is added. — Handkea wandae SKIRG. 1991 is regarded as a synonym of H. lycoperdoides KREISEL.
Floral anatomy of Tropaeolaceae
Authors: Devi D. Rama , Narayana L. L.
Published: August 2010

The floral anatomy of Tropaeolum majus, T. minus, T. peregrinum and Magallana porifolia has been studied. The flower is pentacyclic, bisexual, hypogynous and zygomorphic owing to the development of a spur on the posterior sepal. The perianth is 5‐merous, androecium is 4‐merous and the gynoecium is 3‐merous. The sepals are 3‐traced and the petals and stamens are single traced. The 3‐carpellary condition of the ovary is derived from 5‐carpellary ancestry. The carpels are 3‐traced with one ovule in each loculus on axile placentation.

In the light of the present study together with the available data from other disciplines, the affinities and systematic position of Tropaeolaceae have been discussed. It is concluded that the Tropaeolaceae find a place in Geraniales.
Phenolic compounds in the taxonomy of Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Leela M. , Rao S. Shanmukha
Published: August 2010

Phenolic compounds have been analysed in thirteen taxa of Ipomoea. In all forty one compounds have been detected of which eleven are identified and thirty unidentified. The distribution of these compounds on different taxa is found usefull for taxonomic considerations.
A contribution to the floral anatomy of Cedreleae (Meliaceae)
Authors: Lal Sheela
Published: August 2010

A comparative study of the anatomy of the flowers of eight species of Cedrela is detailed here. The flower is bisexual, pentamerous, tetracyclic and hypogynous. The sepals are 3‐traced and the petals and stamens are single traced. The antisepalous stamens are fertile. The antipetalous stamens are suppressed but their traces, however are demarcated and they terminate within the receptable. The carpels are 3‐traced and the placentation is anatomically parietal except in C. velloziana, where it is axile. On the basis of totality, of evidences it is suggested that Cedrela alone be included in the tribe Cedreleae (Meliaceae).
Notes on the Scrophulariaceae of Zimbabwean inselsbergs, with the description of Lindernia syncerus sp. nov.
Authors: Seine R. , Fischer E. , Barthlott W.
Published: August 2010

An account of the 19 Scrophulariaceae found on Zimbabwean inselbergs is given, based on studies of 53 inselbergs. Habitat preferences and importance of inselbergs as habitats are discussed. Lindernia syncerus SEINE, FISCHER & BARTHLOTT from Umfurudzi Safari Area is described. The new combination Crepidorhopalon debilis (SKAN) FISCHER is made, the occurrence of the species is reported for the Flora Zambesiaca Area for the first time.
Alterations in the basic chromosome numbers as a means of speciation in Labiatae
Authors: Singh T. P.
Published: August 2010

Statistical data revealed that among the cytologically studied species of Labiatae, 41.99% are the true diploids (2χ). Tetraploids (27.38%) are the most common among the euploids observed in the family, while the euploids of higher orders were quite low ranging from 8.12 to 0.10%. The various genera, except a few, were suggested to prefer lower chromosome numbers and ploidy to a limited level. Significantly lower percentage of euploid spp. of odd numbers (10.38%) than those of even numbers (43.51 %) exhibited their preference for the cytologically convenient polyploids. Among the genera cytologically studied, 37.11% were the true diploids where existence of polyploids has not yet been reported. Again among the 28 monotypic genera, 75% are true diploids. On the other hand, genera possessing only higher euploids and no diploids (2χ) are only 14.43 % of the species studied. These data suggested a strong urge among Labiatae herbs to keep both the chromosome number and ploidy level within a cytologically workable limit.

The most common primary and secondary base chromosome numbers were found to be 8, 9 and 17, represented by 42.86%, 33.78%, and 20.62% of the species, respectively. It was observed that secondary numbers arose as a result of the combinations between dissimilar primary numbers and the doubling of the same number for producing secondary numbers was rare. Acquiring new genes from the combinations of heterogeneous numbers was considered one of the reasons. The high percentages of two combinations (8 + 7 and 9 + 8) were perhaps due to the prevalence of the primary base numbers χ = 7,8 and 9 among the species.

The species possessing only primary base numbers opt for the multiplication of their basic sets for speciation. On the other hand, the latter is achieved by creating new base numbers (by the combinations of dissimilar primary numbers) in the species having only secondary numbers, while both the factors were operative among the species containing both primary and secondary numbers. The synthesis of new base numbers, especially secondary ones, might have effected speciation i n Labiatae and this might be true for other families of plants, it was suggested.