bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The [2Fe‐2S] protein CISD2 plays a key role in preventing iron accumulation in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Karmi Ola , Rowland Linda , King Skylar D. , Manrique‐Acevedo Camila , Cabantchik Ioav Z. , Nechushtai Rachel , Mittler Ron
Published: January 2022

Considered a key aging gene,CISD2, encoding CDGSH iron–sulfur domain‐containing protein 2, plays a central role in regulating calcium homeostasis, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of autophagy and apoptosis in different cells. Here, we show that cardiomyocytes fromCISD2‐null mice accumulate high levels of iron and contain high levels of transferrin receptor and ferritin. Using proteomics and transmission electron microscopy, we further show that the lack ofCISD2induces several features of the aging process in young mice, but other features are not induced. Taken together, our findings suggest thatCISD2protects cardiomyocytes from overaccumulation of iron, which is common in aging hearts and can contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Microcantilever Fracture Tests of α‐Cr Containing NiAl Bond Coats
Authors: Gabel Stefan , Giese Sven , Webler Ralf Uwe , Neumeier Steffen , Göken Mathias
Published: January 2022

MCrAlY bond coats are widely used as oxidation‐resistant coatings on superalloys. The major phase is the thermally stable intermetallic β‐NiAl phase. The addition of Cr increases the oxidation and corrosion resistance but leads to the formation of α‐Cr precipitates. Both phases are brittle and limit the fracture toughness of these coatings. To study the influence of thermal exposure and the resulting changing chemical composition on the fracture properties, the fracture toughness of both phases is measured by notched microcantilever bending, after processing and after oxidation by thermal cycling. The fracture toughness of β‐NiAl decreases during thermal cycling due to the depletion in Al, whereas the fracture toughness and the composition of α‐Cr stay constant. As the fracture toughness of α‐Cr is lower compared with β‐NiAl, the formation of α‐Cr precipitates is supposed to decrease the fracture toughness of the bond coat.
Harnessing Bifunctional Ferritin with Kartogenin Loading for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Capture and Enhancing Chondrogenesis in Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Ren En , Chen Haimin , Qin Zainen , Guan Siwen , Jiang Lai , Pang Xin , He Yi , Zhang Yang , Gao Xing , Chu Chengchao , Zheng Li , Liu Gang
Published: January 2022

Methods that leverage bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and stimulating factor kartogenin (KGN) for chondrocyte differentiation have paved the way for cartilage repair. However, the scarce carriers for efficiently bridging the two components significantly impede their further application. Therefore, one kind of bifunctional ferritin has designed and synthesized: RC‐Fn, a genetically engineered ferritin nanocage with RGD peptide and WYRGRL peptide on the surface. The RGD can target the integrin αvβ3 of BMSCs and promote proliferation, and the WYRGRL peptide has an inherent affinity for the cartilage matrix component of collagen II protein. RC‐Fn nanocages have an ideal size for penetrating the proteoglycan network of cartilage. Thus, intra‐articularly injected RC‐Fn with KGN loading can convert the articular cavity from a barrier into a reservoir to prevent rapid release and clearance of KGN and exogenous BMSCs, which results in efficient and persistent chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration.
Novel Oligomer Enables Green Solvent Processed 17.5% Ternary Organic Solar Cells: Synergistic Energy Loss Reduction and Morphology Fine‐Tuning
Authors: Xia Hao , Zhang Ying , Deng Wanyuan , Liu Kuan , Xia Xinxin , Su Chun‐Jen , Jeng U‐Ser , Zhang Miao , Huang Jiaming , Huang Jingwei , Yan Cenqi , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Weiguo , Li Gang
Published: January 2022

The large non‐radiative recombination is the main factor that limits state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two novel structurally similar oligomers (named 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT) with D‐A‐D‐A‐D and A‐D‐A‐D‐A configuration are synthesized for high‐performance ternary OSCs with low energy loss. As third components, these PM6 analogue oligomers effectively suppress the non‐radiative recombination in OSCs. Although the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT are higher than that of PM6, the oligomers enabled ultra‐high electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of 0.05% and improved VOC, indicating suppressing non‐radiative recombination overweighs the common belief of deeper HOMO requirement in third component selection. Moreover, the different compatibility of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT with PM6 and BTP‐BO4Cl fine‐tunes the active layer morphology with synergistic effects. The ternary devices based on PM6:5BDTBDD:BTPBO4Cl and PM6:5BDDBDT:BTP‐BO4Cl achieve a significantly improved PCEs of 17.54% and 17.32%, representing the state‐of‐the art OSCs processed by green solvent of o‐xylene. The strategy using novel oligomer as third component also has very wide composition tolerance in ternary OSCs. This is the first work that demonstrates novel structurally compatible D‐A type oligomers are effective third components, and provides new understanding of synergetic energy loss mechanisms towards high performance OSCs.
Emerging Long‐Range Order from a Freeform Disordered Metasurface
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , He Qiong , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Li Ling , Sang Di , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Renyan , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: January 2022

Recently, disordered metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in imaging, holography, and wavefront shaping. However, how to emerge long‐range ordered phase distribution in disordered metasurfaces remains an outstanding problem. Here, a general framework is proposed to generate a spatially homogeneous in‐plane phase distribution from a disordered metasurface, by engineering disorder parameters together with topology optimization. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, an all‐dielectric disordered supercell metasurface with relatively homogeneous in‐plane phase fluctuation is designed by disorder parameter engineering, manifesting as polarization conversion‐dependent random scattering or unidirectional transmission. Then, a topology optimization approach is utilized to overcome the lattice coupling effect and to further improve the homogeneity of complex electric field fluctuation. In comparison with the initial supercell metasurface, both the phase fluctuation range and the relative efficiency of the topology‐optimized freeform metasurface are significantly improved, leading to a long‐range ordered electric field distribution. Moreover, three experimental realizations are performed, all of which agree well with the theoretical results. This methodology may inspire more exotic optical phenomena and find more promising applications in disordered metasurfaces and disordered optics.
Controllable Polarization‐Insensitive and Large‐Angle Beam Switching with Phase‐Change Metasurfaces
Authors: Nemati Arash , Yuan Guanghui , Deng Jie , Huang Aihong , Wang Weide , Toh Yeow Teck , Teng Jinghua , Wang Qian
Published: January 2022

The development of high‐efficiency compact non‐mechanical beam tuning devices has attracted a lot of attention for light detection and ranging, augmented reality display, and chip‐to‐chip communication. Owing to the fast wavefront manipulation in an ultra‐thin dimension, metasurfaces have been regarded as potential substitutes for traditional tunable optical components toward further miniaturization and low power consumption. However, most beam tuning metasurfaces currently are polarization‐sensitive and designed to work in reflection mode, which limit their applications in integrated optical systems for full‐range steering. In this paper, a transmission mode polarization‐insensitive beam switching metasurface based on nonvolatile phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at the telecommunication wavelength. The high transmission efficiency with a large switching angle of up to 75° is achievable for potentially full‐range beam steering applications. As a proof of concept, the transmitted beam with a switching angle of 15° and directivity of 82.4% is demonstrated. In addition, by controlling the phase transition in the intermediate states, the metasurface can be used as a tunable beam splitter to control the ratio of the beam power between two predesigned transmission angles. The demonstrated phase‐change metasurfaces pave the way for achieving high‐efficiency dynamic beam steering for various important applications.
Programmable Coloration and Patterning on Reconfigurable Chiral Photonic Paper
Authors: Cui Shuzhen , Qin Lang , Liu Xiaojun , Yu Yanlei
Published: January 2022

Responsive photonic crystals are widely employed to construct rewritable paper, where patterns are written and erased repeatedly via color switching. The working principle mainly lies in the changes on the lattice constant of periodic structures, which, however, restricts the localized color tuning of the recorded patterns and thus limits multicolor information transfer. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to write, erase, and importantly to tune the colors by developing unique light‐driven cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that possess self‐organized helical superstructures with two structural elements of pitch lengths (lattice constant) and helical axes (reconfiguration). Reconfiguration of the helical axes provides two high‐contrast optical states for writing and erasing by pressure and electricity, whereas precise photocontrol of the pitch lengths contributes to localized color tuning. These features primarily capitalize on the light‐driven CLC with diverse photostationary colors, which is induced by a newly designed binary chiral system and confined in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. Distinct multicolor patterns are mechanically written, optically tuned, and electrically erased on the rewritable photonic paper in a programmable manner. Such photonic paper has potential to record, program, and remember optically addressed images in visualized color information and user‐interactive display technologies.
Exploiting Molecular Dynamics in Composite Coatings to Design Robust Super‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Guo Rui , Goudeli Eirini , Xu Wanjun , Richardson Joseph J. , Xu Weijian , Pan Shuaijun
Published: January 2022

Fluorinated motifs are promising for the engineering of repellent coatings, however, a fundamental understanding of how to effectively bind these motifs to various substrates is required to improve their stability in different use scenarios. Herein, the binding of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) using a cyanoacrylate glue (binder) is computationally and experimentally evaluated. The composite POSS–binder coatings display ultralow surface energy (≈10 mJ m−2), while still having large surface adhesions to substrates (300–400 nN), highlighting that super‐repellent coatings (contact angles >150°) can be readily generated with this composite approach. Importantly, the coatings show super‐repellency to both corrosive liquids (e.g., 98 wt% H2SO4) and ultralow surface tension liquids (e.g., alcohols), with ultralow roll‐off angles (<5°), and tunable resistance to liquid penetration. Additionally, these coatings demonstrate the potential in effective cargo loading and robust self‐cleaning properties, where experimental datasets are correlated with both relevant theoretical predictions and systematic all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of the repellent coatings. This work not only holds promise for chemical shielding, heat transfer, and liquid manipulations but offers a facile yet robust pathway for engineering advanced coatings by effectively combining components for their mutually desired properties.
The diagnostic utility of exome‐based carrier screening in families with a positive family history
Authors: Kotecha Udhaya Hardik , Mistri Mehul , Rayabarapu Pranavchand , Shah Parth , Shah Nidhi
Published: January 2022

Identification of disease‐causing variants in families with a history of a suspected recessive disorder is essential for appropriate counseling and reproductive decision making. The present case series depicts the utility of whole exome‐based phenotypes‐driven carrier analysis in 14 families with a positive family history. A phenotype‐based analysis revealed a putative diagnostic yield of 71.4%. Proband sample, though insufficient, was available in only one family, which allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed. In the remaining nine families, despite the detection of heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, only a putative diagnosis was possible due to incomplete proband phenotyping as well as nonavailability of proband samples. We describe the youngest known patient homozygous for a likely pathogenic variant in PPP1R21. He is currently asymptomatic at 7 days of life and has a simplified gyral pattern on neuroimaging. The case series, though small, captures the challenges in the diagnosis of genetic disorders in low to middle income countries with in‐equitable health care access. It reinforces the significance of detailed phenotyping in the proband as well as the importance of DNA storage for a conclusive diagnosis. A recurring post‐test counseling challenge was risk ascertainment and reproductive decision making in subsequent pregnancies if the detected pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are co‐inherited, in families with a putative diagnosis. When opted for, prenatal testing in such a scenario would be limited in its ability to comment on the fetal status with respect to the disorder in the proband.
Congenital heart defects associated with pathogenic variants in WAC gene: Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of DeSanto–Shinawi syndrome
Authors: Quental Rita , Gonçalves Daniel , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Serrano Gonçalves Edite , Oliveira Jorge , Parente Freixo João , Leão Miguel
Published: January 2022

WAC‐related intellectual disability, also known as DeSanto–Shinawi syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in WAC gene. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features, including deep‐set eyes, flat nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, and synophrys. Chromosomal deletions at 10p12p11 encompassing WAC gene have been described in patients with a similar phenotype, presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, visual impairments, abnormal behavior, and dysmorphic features. An important clinical difference between the two groups of patients, is that those with large deletions frequently present with congenital cardiac defects, which were rarely reported in patients with pathogenic variants in WAC. The genes underlying heart defects in patients with the deletion have not yet been fully clarified. Here, we describe two unrelated Portuguese patients with de novo pathogenic variants in WAC gene, previously unreported in the literature. Both patients present with microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and facial dysmorphisms. Interestingly, the youngest patient has a severe congenital cardiac malformation, showing that intragenic pathogenic WAC variants can also be associated with heart defects. Therefore, this report expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this rare syndrome and provides deeper insights by comparing the clinical features of our patients with previously reported cases.
Clinical application of skin antisepsis using aqueous olanexidine: a scoping review
Authors: Shinzato Yutaro , Sakihara Eiryu , Kishihara Yuki , Kashiura Masahiro , Yasuda Hideto , Moriya Takashi
Published: January 2022

Surgical site infections (SSIs) and catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) caused by bacteria from surfaces poorly disinfected with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) are increasing. Olanexidine gluconate (OLG) was developed in 2015 in Japan to prevent SSI and CRBSI caused by bacteria resistant to CHG and PVP‐I. This scoping review aimed to identify the knowledge gap between what is known and what is not known about the disinfection efficacy of OLG. We searched MEDLINE through PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform search database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Web‐based database of Japanese medical articles for works published to July 18, 2021. Manual reference searches were also carried out. A total of 131 studies were screened. Forty‐seven studies were included in this review and classified into two major categories: studies on pharmacological effects and spectrum (n = 29) and studies on clinical and adverse effects (n = 18). Olanexidine gluconate showed bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin‐resistant enterococci, in addition to common Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In clinical settings, although there is limited evidence on SSI prevention, 1.5% OLG might be more effective than 10% PVP‐I and 1% CHG in preventing SSI. However, the clinical usefulness of OLG is unclear due to the limited number of clinical studies. Also, clinical research is limited to studies targeting SSI prevention, and there are no clinical studies on CRBSI. Further clinical studies are needed on SSI and CRBSI prevention.
Shell‐like Xenon Nano‐Traps within Angular Anion‐Pillared Layered Porous Materials for Boosting Xe/Kr Separation
Authors: Zheng Fang , Guo Lidong , Chen Rundao , Chen Lihang , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Qiwei , Yang Yiwen , Su Baogen , Ren Qilong , Bao Zongbi
Published: January 2022

Adsorptive separation of xenon (Xe) and krypton (Kr) is a promising technique but remains a daunting challenge since they are atomic gases without dipole or quadruple moments. Herein we report a strategy for fabricating angular anion‐pillared materials featuring shell‐like Xe nano‐traps, which provide a cooperative effect conferred by the pore confinement and multiple specific interactions. The perfect permanent pore channel (4–5 Å) of Ni(4‐DPDS)2MO4 (M=Cr, Mo, W) can host Xe atoms efficiently even at ultra‐low concentration (400 ppm Xe), showing the second‐highest selectivity of 30.2 in Ni(4‐DPDS)2WO4 and excellent Xe adsorption capacity in Ni(4‐DPDS)2CrO4 (15.0 mmol kg−1). Crystallography studies and DFT‐D calculations revealed the energy favorable binding sites and angular anions enable the synergism between optimal pore size and polar porosity for boosting Xe affinity. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrated three MOFs as efficient adsorbents for Xe/Kr separation.
Poly(acrylic acid)/polypyrrole interpenetrated network as electro‐responsive hydrogel for biomedical applications
Authors: Milani Giorgio Marques , Coutinho Isabela Trindade , Ambrosio Felipe Nogueira , Monteiro do Nascimento Mônica Helena , Lombello Christiane Bertachini , Venancio Everaldo Carlos , Champeau Mathilde
Published: January 2022

The combination of conducting polymers and hydrogels in a conductive interpenetrated polymer network (CIPN) is an interesting strategy to mimic muscles and to create bending actuators. Whereas the conducting polymer ensures the electro pulse flux, the hydrogel provides structural support similar to human tissues. In this work, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polypyrrole (PPy) CIPNs were synthesized in aqueous solution in three different compositions and characterized in terms of their morphology, composition, mechanical, and electrochemical properties, as well as cytotoxic and the bending behavior when submitted to an electric field. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated hydrogen interaction between PAA and PPy, and PPy doping level was not modified when polymerized inside the PAA structure. Mechanical properties and density were shown to increase with an increase in PPy content, whereas water content decreased. Surprisingly, PAA/PPy CINPs presented some toxicity that may be due to the sterilization technique. Finally, PAA/PPy CIPNs responded mechanically to electrical stimuli and good curve symmetry and reversibility were observed in the cyclic voltammogram tests. These results indicate that the CIPN containing a PAA/PPy ratio of 1:0.3 is promising to prepare biocompatible soft bending actuators such as artificial muscles.
Fabrication of water‐resistant, thermally stable, and antibacterial fibers through in situ multivalent crosslinking
Authors: Wang Reuben , Jovanska Lavernchy , Tsai Yu‐Ting , Yeh Ying‐Yu , Yeh Yi‐Cheun
Published: January 2022

Fibers are emerging materials for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, sensing, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. However, fibers produced from water‐soluble polymers usually lose their morphology and quickly dissolve after exposure to water. Here, we developed a combined strategy of using multivalent crosslinkers along with in situ crosslinking to synthesize water‐resistant and thermally stable hybrid fibers. In our design, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), aldehyde‐modified polyxylitol sebacate‐co‐polyethylene glycol (Ald_PXS‐co‐PEG, APP), and neomycin (Neo) were mixed to fabricate hybrid fibers through electrospinning. Several crosslinking chemistries were occurred in the hybrid fibers of PVA/APP/Neo, including the acetal bonds between PVA and APP, imine bonds between APP and Neo, and hydrogen bonds between PVA, APP, and Neo. These multiple chemical bonds allowed the PVA/APP/Neo fibers to maintain their fiber morphology after the immersion in the PBS solution, preserving the advantages of fibers (e.g., large surface‐to‐volume ratio and porosity) for applications in aqueous media. Particularly, the presence of Neo also provided the hybrid fibers with antimicrobial ability. Taken together, the in situ multivalent crosslinking has been demonstrated as a promising strategy to prepare stable and functional fibers for advanced applications.
Laccase: Various types and applications
Authors: Khatami Seyyed Hossein , Vakili Omid , Movahedpour Ahmad , Ghesmati Zeinab , Ghasemi Hassan , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza
Published: January 2022

Laccase belongs to the polyphenol oxidase family and is very important in removing environmental pollutants due to its structural and functional properties. Recently, the ability of laccase to oxidize phenolic and nonphenolic substances has been considered by many researchers. This enzyme's application scope includes a broad range of chemical processes and industrial usages, such as bioremediation, nanobiotechnology, woodworking industries, bleaching of paper pulp, dyeing in the textile industry, biotechnological uses in food industries, biorefining, detoxification from wastewater, production of organic matter from phenolic and amine substrates, and biofuels. Although filamentous fungi produce large amounts of laccase, high‐yield industrial‐scale production of laccase is still faced with many problems. At present, researchers are trying to increase the efficiency and productivity and reduce the final price of laccase by finding suitable microorganisms and improving the process of production and purification of laccase. This article reviews the introduction of laccase, its properties, production processes, and the effect of various factors on the enzyme's stability and activity, and some of its applications in various industries.
Influence of piperine and omeprazole on the regional absorption of Daclatasvir from rabbit intestine
Authors: Ashmawy Shimaa M. , Eltahan Dina A. , Osman Mohamed A. , Essa Ebtessam A.
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the site dependent intestinal absorption of Daclatasvir and investigated the effects of piperine and omeprazole on such absorption utilizing in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. The intestinal absorption of Daclatasvir was assessed in four segments: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. The effect of co‐perfusion with omeprazole was monitored through the tested anatomical sites. The effect of piperine, a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor on Daclatasvir absorption from jejunum and ileum was tested. The results showed that Daclatasvir was incompletely absorbed from the rabbit small and large intestine. The absorptive clearance per unit length (PeA/L) was site dependent and was ranked as colon > duodenum > jejunum > ileum. This rank is the opposite of the rank of P‐gp intestinal content suggesting possible influence for P‐gp. Co‐perfusion with omeprazole increased PeA/L and this was evidenced also with reduced the L95% of Daclatasvir from both small and large intestinal segments. Significant enhancement in Daclatasvir absorption through jejunum and ileum was shown in presence of piperine. Daclatasvir showed site dependent intestinal absorption in a manner suggesting its affection by P‐gp efflux. This effect was inhibited by piperine. Co‐administration of Daclatasvir with omeprazole can enhance intestinal absorption a phenomenon which requires extension to human pharmacokinetic investigation.
Characterization of structural and optical properties of Mn2+‐doped Zn2GeO4 nanorods as an efficient green phosphor for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Lan Nguyen Mai Cao Hoang Phuong , Van Huan Pham , Thong Nguyen Huu , Nguyen Duy‐Hung , Kien Nguyen Duc Trung , Nhuong Chu Manh , Thang Cao Xuan , Pham Vuong‐Hung
Published: January 2022

A series of Mn2+‐doped zinc germinate ZGO:xMn2+ (x = 0–0.05) nanorods was synthesized successfully using a hydrothermal method. XRD revealed that crystal phases of the ZGO:xMn2+ were rhombohedral and in the R‐3 space group. The Williamson–Hall equation was also used to explain the strain, nanocrystalline size, and stacking fault. Green LEDs were successfully fabricated by coating ZGO:Mn2+ nanorods onto UV‐LED chips. For high color purity, CIE of the fabricated green LEDs were (0.2404, 0.5428), which made this material a promising candidate for fabrication of UV‐based green LEDs.
A reversed‐phase ultra‐fast liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector (RP‐UFLC‐PDA) method for simultaneous estimation of ayapanin and umbelliferone in Ayapana triplinervis Vahl
Authors: Biswas Sayan , Kar Amit , Chanda Joydeb , Sharma Nanaocha , Bharadwaj Pardeep Kumar , Haldar Pallab Kanti , Mukherjee Pulok Kumar
Published: January 2022

A rapid validated ultra‐fast liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector (UFLC‐PDA) method was developed to identify and quantify ayapanin (AY) and umbelliferone (UM) simultaneously in Ayapana triplinervis Vahl methanolic extract. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection (LOD; 3:1σ/S), limit of quantification (LOQ; 10:1σ/S), precision, accuracy, specificity and robustness. The response was linear with a good correlation between concentration and mean peak area through a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, y = 7025.7x – 2269.8 and 0.9997, y = y = 16,262x – 946 with LOD of 6.256 ± 0.52 and 3.325 ± 0.36, and LOQ of 18.838 ± 0.18 and 8.870 ± 0.85 for AY (0.67% w/w) and UM (0.18% w/w), respectively. The relative standard deviation (%) of precision and recovery of AY and UM was <2.0%. The proposed method was simple, accurate, specific, precise and reproducible.
Simultaneous determination of eight analytes of Fuzheng Huayu recipe in beagle dog plasma by UHPLC–Q/exactive Orbitrap HRMS and its application to toxicokinetics
Authors: Wang Yu‐Lin , Yang Ming‐jv , Li Rong‐sheng , Hu Ye‐qing , Pan Yi‐feng , Yang Tao
Published: January 2022

Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) is a Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the toxicokinetics of FZHY in beagle dogs after oral administration. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 15 and 28 after oral gavage of FZHY dosages of 400 or 1,200 mg/kg body weight once a day. A UHPLC–Q‐Orbitrap method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine and quantify eight components of FZHY in beagle dog plasma. The times to peak concentration for eight components were18–120 min. The peak concentrations (Cmax) of amygdalin, genistein, daidzein and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde were 1.43–43.50 ng/ml, the areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC(0–t)) were 2.45–6,098.25 ng min/ml, and the apparent volumes of distribution (Vd) were 0.05–131.23 × 104 ml/kg. The values of Cmax of prunasin, schisantherin A, schisandrin A and schisandrin were 7.35–1,450.73 ng/ml, the values of AUC(0–t) were 3,642.30–330,388.65 ng min/ml, and the values of Vd were 11.15–1,087.18 × 104 ml/kg. No obvious accumulation of the eight compounds was observed in beagle dogs. The results showed that the method is rapid, accurate and sensitive, and is suitable for detecting the eight analytes of FZHY. This study provides an important basis for the assessment of FZHY safety.
Industry 4.0 technologies and circular economy: The mediating role of supply chain integration
Authors: Di Maria Eleonora , De Marchi Valentina , Galeazzo Ambra
Published: January 2022

There is a great expectation that Industry 4.0 technologies will enable better circular economy (CE) results at firms. However, it is unclear how these technologies might contribute to CE. We hypothesize that Industry 4.0 technologies are positively related to the level of integration among actors along the supply chain and within the firm supply chain integration (SCI), which, in turn, explains superior CE results. By employing partial least square structural equation models on original survey data based on a sample of more than 1200 Italian manufacturing firms and almost 200 adopters, we find that disentangling for the type of technologies is essential to understanding both their direct and indirect role toward CE. Smart manufacturing technologies have a stronger impact on CE outcomes than data processing technologies; the mediating effect of SCI is verified for the former but not for the latter type, questioning the possibility for those technologies to support sustained CE performance in the long run.
A Comparative DFT Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Some Novel 3‐Hydroxypyridine‐4‐One Derivatives
Authors: Dehkordi Mehrdad M. , Asgarshamsi Mohammad H. , Fassihi Afshin , Zborowski Krzysztof K.
Published: January 2022

The current study on the antioxidant activity of kojic acid and 3‐hydroxypyridine‐4‐one derivatives was performed by implementation of density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP hybrid functional and the 6‐311++G** basis set in Polarizable Continuum Model of solvation. Compounds under evaluation were previously synthesized by our research group. The DPPH scavenging effect and the IC50values in mM concentrations were evaluated. Subsequently, various electronic and energetic descriptors such as HOMO and LUMO energy gaps, bonding dissociation enthalpy of an OH bond, ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, NBOs and spin density of radical and neutral species were used to study antioxidant properties of investigated compounds. The computations detected two compounds,HP3andHP4, with significant antioxidant activity. Energetic descriptors indicated that the SPLET mechanism is preferred over the other antioxidation mechanism and computational results were in accordance with the experimental results.
Phenolics, Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activities of Tuber indicum at Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Li Yang , Liang Hanqiao , Zhou Dongyu , Xing Yongmei , Chen Juan
Published: January 2022

The Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum (Ascomycota, Pezizales) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus forming hypogeous edible ascocarps. As a famous wild edible mushroom in the world, this species also attracted an increasing interest in their chemical composition and pharmacological activity. In this study, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of Tuber indicum collected from July to November at different maturity stages in China were analyzed. Our results showed that T. indicum collected in July (immature stage) possessed the highest amount of flavonoids (3.89 mg/g dw) and the highest ABTS.+ scavenging activity (EC50=3.73 mg/ml). In addition, those samples collected in August (moderate mature stage) contained the highest phenolics content (4.78 mg/g dw), the highest DPPH⋅ radical scavenging activity (EC50=3.73 mg/ml) and ferric reducing activity power (243.63 μmol FeSO4/g). The study reveals T. indicum in the early maturity stage yield significantly higher content of phenolics and flavonoids and possessed stronger antioxidant activity than those collected in other months. This study provided important data for understanding the relationship between maturity stages and truffle formation and evaluating the quality of Chinese black truffle at different maturity.
Saringosterol Acetate Isolated fromSargassum fusiformisInduces Mitochondrial‐Mediated Apoptosis in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Xue , Zhou Dong‐Yue , Li Fang‐Tong , Jiang Yun‐Fei , Dai Yu‐Lin , Jeon You‐Jin
Published: January 2022

Sargassum fusiformisis among the most important edible brown seaweeds in Eastern Asia that contains various bioactive compounds and strong activities. Saringosterol acetate (SA) was successfully isolated fromS. fusiformisin our previous research. In this study, SA was investigated for its anticancer effect on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. SA attenuated the survival rate of MCF‐7 cells with an IC50value of 63.16±3.6 μg/mL. Staining with Hoechst 33342 demonstrated that SA treatment mediated apoptotic body generation. SA significantly downregulated Bcl‐xL and upregulated Bax, and cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase 3 in a dose‐dependent manner. Thus, these results suggest that SA induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells, making it a plausible candidate for drug development against breast cancer.
New Efficient Synthesis of tRNA Related Adenosines Bearing the Hydantoin Ring (ct6A, ms2ct6A) by Intramolecular Cyclization of N6‐(N‐Boc‐α‐aminoacyl)‐adenosine Derivatives
Authors: Frankowska Katarzyna , Sochacka Elzbieta
Published: January 2022

A novel and efficient way for the synthesis of N6‐hydantoin‐modified adenosines, which utilizes readily available N6‐(N‐Boc‐α‐aminoacyl)‐adenosine derivatives, was developed. The procedure is based on the epimerization‐free, Tf2O‐mediated conversion of the Boc group into an isocyanate moiety, followed by intramolecular cyclization. Using this method two recently discovered hydantoin modified tRNA adenosines, that is, cyclic N6‐threonylcarbamoyl‐adenosine (ct6A) and 2‐methylthio‐N6‐threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2ct6A) were prepared in good yields.
Sequential allogeneic transplantation and ruxolitinib maintenance for a synchronous PCM1‐JAK2 positive myeloid sarcoma and acute B‐lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rizzuto Giuliana , Leoncin Matteo , Imbergamo Silvia , Taurino Daniela , Mico Maria Caterina , Tosi Manuela , Michelato Anna , Buklijas Ksenija , Spinelli Orietta , Lussana Federico , Lessi Federica , Pizzi Marco , Bonaldi Laura , Binotto Gianni , Rambaldi Alessandro , Gurrieri Carmela
Published: January 2022

The translocation t(8;9)(p22;p24) results in the production of a chimeric PCM1‐JAK2 fusion protein leading to the constitutive activation of the Janus Kinase 2 that renders this disease potentially sensitive to ruxolitinib. Here, we report an interesting case of PCM1‐JAK2 myeloproliferative neoplasm evolving in myeloid sarcoma and B precursor ALL.
Anion gap‐opening metabolic acidosis and urinary findings in the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning: A case report
Authors: Ukita Kentaro , Otomune Kanako , Fujimoto Ryo , Hasegawa Kanako , Izumikawa Koichi , Morimoto Nobutoshi , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Hirasaki Akihito , Takaguchi Koichi
Published: January 2022

Causative agent identification is important in the treatment of poisoning. We report the case of a patient who presented with an altered level of consciousness after drinking a fluorescent pink liquid. Upon measuring the anion gap and urinary calcium oxalate level, the patient was diagnosed with early ethylene glycol poisoning.
Bart's syndrome associated with a disorder of sexual differentiation: An atypical presentation in a Cameroonian newborn
Authors: Sigha Odette Berline , Mbono Betoko Ritha , Nkoro Grace Anita , Fossi Happi Mireille , Ekoube Charlotte Eposse , Kelbaba Benjamin Bertrand , Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar , Kouotou Emmanuel Armand
Published: January 2022

Bart's syndrome consists of congenital aplasia of the skin affecting only the lower limbs, associated with bullae over the skin and/or mucous membranes, as well as a nail anomaly. It is an extremely rare genetic disorder, which can be associated with other birth defects. We report the case of a newborn baby admitted at day 0 of life in the neonatal department, for multifocal skin detachment predominantly at the lower limbs. In addition, examination of the external genitalia revealed a clitoridomegaly genital bud measuring 14 mm, scrotalized and unfused genital bulges with the presence of 2 orifices. No gonad was palpated. The clinical diagnosis of Bart's syndrome associated with a disorder of sexual differentiation was retained. We hereby report the first case of Bart's syndrome described in Cameroon in association with a disorder of sexual differentiation.
Neutrophilic dermatoses in a seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patient: A case report
Authors: IbnIdris Rodwan Amel Awad , A. Mohammed Abdel Gaffar. , Adam Essa Mohammed Elmujtba , Abdalla Babker Atif Elhadi , Mohamed Abdelsatir Ali , Mohammed Elagib Elnour
Published: January 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by symmetric and destructive polyarthritis with a broad‐spectrum clinical manifestation of various organs. RND is an unusual distinctive manifestation of RA and typically develops in severe RA. This report aims to present an unusual and a rare neutrophilic skin condition, in a seronegative RA Sudanese patient. A 51‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with RA three years ago and a history of bilateral polyarthritis, presented with a skin rash involving her extremities and abdomen. Clinical examination of her skin revealed the presence of maculopapular lesions affecting the extensor surfaces of the lower extremities and the lower part of the abdomen with hyperpigmentation. Hand X‐ray demonstrated periarticular osteopenia, and laboratory and immunological studies that include C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), and antinuclear factor in addition to skin biopsy were all suggested a diagnosis of neutrophilic dermatosis. The patient received steroids for the skin lesion still no significant improvement was seen, and then, cyclosporin 100 mg was administrated twice/ day with close monitoring, and two weeks later marked improvement was shown.
The submental flap: Be wary
Authors: Shires Courtney B. , Sebelik Merry
Published: January 2022

The submental island flap (SIF) is as an alternative to free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. 10 patients underwent submental flaps. All ten patients suffered failure of SIF as the definitive reconstructive procedure. Despite comparing favorably to free tissue transfer in published reports, our SIF had high failure rate.
Lateral tongue bite in patient with transient loss of consciousness
Authors: Onizawa Kaho , Harada Taku , Hiroshige Juichi
Published: January 2022

The finding of a tongue bite is infrequent since it is a physical finding that is often overlooked, but it has a very high diagnostic value. It is important to check for tongue bites when examining any patient with a transient loss of consciousness.
Desmoid fibromatosis in the pharyngeal wall: A case report and literature review
Authors: Geisenhainer Katharina , Klenke Daniela , Moser Norman , Kurbad Oliver , Bremmer Felix , Kauffmann Philipp , Schliephake Henning , Brockmeyer Phillipp
Published: January 2022

Desmoid fibromatosis (DF) is one of the rarest locally aggressive growing benign tumor entities. We present an overview of the literature and a rare clinical case of a 22‐year‐old female patient, who was diagnosed with aggressive DF in the left pharyngeal wall at the age of 4 years old.
A covalent organic framework for chiral capillary electrochromatography using a cyclodextrin mobile phase additive
Authors: Gao Lidi , Zhao Xuan , Qin Shili , Dong Qing , Hu Xingfang , Chu Hongtao
Published: January 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been recognized as promising solid phases in capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Imine‐based COF‐coated open‐tubular CEC column (COF TpBD‐coated OT column) was prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption/desorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller [BET]), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the column efficiency was up to 26,776 plate/m, and the thickness of stationary phase was about 6.00 μm for the column prepared under the optimal conditions. Enantioseparation of 15 kinds of the single chiral compounds (histidine, arginine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, fipronil, diclofop, imazamox, quizalofop‐p, imazethapyr, and acephate) and 3 kinds of mixed amino acids racemaces (valine, methionine, and glutamic acid) were performed with three methods: capillary electrochromatography with COF TpBD‐coated OT column (Method 1), CEC with COF TpBD‐coated OT column as the separation channels, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with HP‐β‐CD as the chiral mobile phase additive (Method 2) and CE with HP‐β‐CD as the chiral mobile phase additive (Method 3). Separation efficiency and chiral selectivity of Method 2 was best among the three methods. Under the optimal separation conditions of Method 2, all the enantiomers reached the baseline separation regardless of the single chiral compounds or the mixed amino acids. Relative standard deviation (RSDs) of the mean column efficiency for reproducibility and stability was in the range of 0.46–1.49%. This combination of CEC and CE has great potential for use in chiral separation.
Porous Assembly of Metallo‐Supramolecule and Polyoxometalate via Ionic Complexation with Vapor Sorption Properties
Authors: Xu Yaping , Yu Hao , Jiang Xin , Shi Junjuan , Li Bao , Li Lu , Wu Lixin , Wang Ming
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Porous materials have been extensively developed and displayed special applications in diverse fields, however, it still remains a great challenge in developing new synthetic methods with features of energy‐saving and easy‐operating. In this study, we reported the construction of a series of novel ionic complexes based on discrete supramolecular triangle structure and polyoxometalate [Mo6O19]2–, using a quite efficient strategy. The obtained composites exhibit precise 3D network structures with ideal stability containing micropores, which were characterized by the 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, TEM, SEM, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These composites showed differential vapor adsorption behaviors for benzene, toluene, and cyclohexane. This work provides a novel approach for fabricating porous materials through electrostatic interactions and has great potential for gas separation.
PROTOCOL: Testing frequency and student achievement: A systematic review
Authors: Thomsen Morten K. , Seerup Julie K. , Dietrichson Jens , Bondebjerg Anja , Viinholt Bjørn C. A.
Published: January 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell review. Our primary research question is: What are the effects of different testing frequencies on student achievement? Our secondary research question is: What are the effects of different testing frequencies on measures of students' testing anxiety? Our third research question is: How are the effects of different testing frequencies on student achievement and testing anxiety moderated by subject, grade, type of test, duration of the intervention, and gender?
Allergy to polyethylene glycol and polysorbates in a patient cohort: Diagnostic work‐up and decision points for vaccination during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mortz Charlotte G. , Kjaer Henrik F. , Rasmussen Trine H. , Rasmussen Helene M. , Garvey Lene Heise , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten
Published: January 2022

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic focus has been on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate as these excipients are constituents in the first vaccines and possible elicitors of allergic reactions to the vaccines. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of vaccinating patients with PEG and/or polysorbate allergy against COVID‐19.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients with a history of an allergic reaction to drugs, vaccines and mouth hygiene products containing PEG or polysorbate and sensitization (skin test or in vitro test) or a positive challenge were included. We re‐evaluated 19 of 21 patients diagnosed before 2021 and four new patients by skin prick tests (SPT) and Basophil Histamine Release (BaHR) for PEGs, polysorbates and approved COVID‐19 vaccines as well as measurement of specific IgE (PEG 2000, 10,000). Patients were offered vaccination based on decision points from the primary diagnosis and re‐evaluation.

Results

Most common primary elicitors were depot‐steroids and laxatives. Most patients had experienced more than one reaction. SPT was superior to BaHR test although many SPTs became negative over time. After careful re‐evaluation three patients were successfully vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Three were vaccinated before referral. Eleven were offered the Johnson‐Johnson vaccine; four were vaccinated successfully, seven abstained. Six patients could not be vaccinated with PEG or polysorbate containing vaccines.

Conclusion

Hypersensitivity to excipients in COVID‐19 vaccines constitutes a risk to patients with allergy to PEG or polysorbates. After diagnostic evaluation, a safe COVID‐19 vaccine could be offered to most patients, the remainders will await new vaccines containing different excipients.
Comparison of numerical methods for cerebrospinal fluid representation and fluid–structure interaction during transverse impact of a finite element spinal cord model
Authors: Rycman Aleksander , McLachlin Stewart , Cronin Duane S.
Published: January 2022

Spinal cord impacts can have devastating consequences. Computational models can investigate such impacts but require biofidelic numerical representations of the neural tissues and fluid–structure interaction with cerebrospinal fluid. Achieving this biofidelity is challenging, particularly for efficient implementation of the cerebrospinal fluid in full computational human body models. The goal of this study was to assess the biofidelity and computational efficiency of fluid–structure interaction methods representing the cerebrospinal fluid interacting with the spinal cord, dura, and pia mater using experimental pellet impact test data from bovine spinal cords. Building on an existing finite element model of the spinal cord and pia mater, an orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive model was proposed for the dura mater and fit to literature data. The dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid were integrated with the existing finite element model to assess four fluid–structure interaction methods under transverse impact: Lagrange, pressurized volume, smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian. The Lagrange method resulted in an overly stiff mechanical response, whereas the pressurized volume method over‐predicted compression of the neural tissues. Both the smoothed particle hydrodynamics and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian methods were able to effectively model the impact response of the pellet on the dura mater, outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid, and compression of the spinal cord; however, the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian compute time was approximately five times higher than smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Crucial to implementation in human body models, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method provided a computationally efficient and representative approach to model spinal cord fluid–structure interaction during transverse impact.