bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews: Two Recent Books on Traditional Chinese Medicine and AIDS
Authors: Hu Shiu Ying
Published: November 2004

The development of a purified and crystallized protein called trichosanthin, used in China for inducing abortion, and imported into the USA for curing AIDS infection under the name "compound Q," is carefully reviewed. Another book on the use of the principles and practices of traditional Chinese medicine for the health care of AIDS patients is critically reviewed with a few suggestions for future improvement in respect to Chinese herbal products. The reviewer has worked on the medicinal plants of China since 1935, with extensive field experience of botanization throughout China, from the coastal provinces to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and from Heilungjian to Yunnan; and with the herbaria and library facilities of Harvard University since 1945.
Effect of Emitted Bioenergy on Biochemical Functions of Cells
Authors: Chien Chin-Hsiang , Tsuei Julia J. , Lee Si-Chen , Huang Yu-Chih , Wei Yau-Huei
Published: November 2004

The 3-5 μm infrared spectra of the extrenal "Qi" generated by a "Qigong" master from his palm was measured using a III-V compound semiconductor InSb detector. It was found that certain Qigong master can emit two opposite kinds of "Qi": the "facilitating" (beneficial) and "inhibiting" (destroying) "Qi". During the facilitating "Qi" emission, large amount of infrared wave were detected by a temperature rise of the air in the vicinity. When the inhibiting "Qi" was emitted, the infrared wave was absorbed from the environment resulting in a cooling of the air. The temperature rise or drop possibly reflects the fact that the blood flow to the palm was increased or decreased by dilating or constricting the blood vessels through parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves. The biochemical effects of emitted "Qi" from the same Qigong master on the human fibroblast FS-4 were investigated. The facilitating "Qi" caused 1.8% increase of the cell growth in 24 hrs, 10-15% increase of DNA synthesis and 3-5% increase of protein synthesis of the FS-4 cell in a 2-hr period; while inhibiting "Qi" caused 6% decrease of cell growth in a 24 hr period, 20-23% decrease of DNA synthesis and 35-48% of protein synthesis in a 2-hr period. In addition, we found that the respiration rate of boar sperm increased 12.5-13.0% after receiving 5 min exposure in facilitating "Qi," and a decrease to 45-48% by exposure to 2-min of inhibiting "Qi." The results could be attributed to the effects of emitted "Qi" or energy containing infrared light (wave) and possibly some other types of energy.
Alterations of Pulse by Chinese Herb Medicine
Authors: Wang Yuh Ying L. , Sheu Jer I. , Wang Wei-Kung
Published: November 2004

Rats were injected with the crude extract of Chinese herbs, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Bupleuri and Cinnamomum cassia Blume. The pulse of the tail artery were examined. The results indicated that each drug had a specific effect on the Fourier components of the pulse.
Effects of Qigong on Cardiorespiratory Changes: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lim Yit Aun , Boone Tommy , Flarity Jimmy R. , Thompson Walter R.
Published: November 2004

Qigong, a special form of breathing exercise, was investigated to examine its effect on cardiorespiratory changes. Ten volunteers (five males and five females) participated in a 20-minute group instructional session for 10 consecutive days before testing of its treatment effects. The testing protocol followed a C1-T-C2 design, where C1, T, and C2 represented the first, treatment, and second control period, respectively. Each period consisted of a 5-minute interval, and thus each testing session consisted of 15 minutes. The results indicated there were no statistically significant differences ( p >O.05) in heart rate or tidal volume for the three 5-minute periods. There was a significant decrease ( p <0.05) in respiratory exchange ratio between T and C2. A significant increase in ventilatory efficiency for carbon dioxide production was found between C1 and T. Statistically significant differences ( p <O.05) were found in the volume of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced, frequency of breath, expired ventilation, and ventilatory efficiency for oxygen produced between the T and the two control periods. This preliminary study of Qigong demonstrates that the subjects were able to learn the technique in a short period of time. The data also suggest that, with an improvement of nearly 20% in ventilatory efficiency for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production, this technique may have useful therapeutic value.
Combined Therapy of Mitomycin C and Chinese Medical Herbs on Experimental Liver Cancer
Authors: Hau Dou-Mong , Chen Tai-Hei , Cheng Jau-Forng , You Jyu-Sheng
Published: November 2004

In this research, ICR male mice were chosen for intrahepatic implantation of sarcoma 180 tumor cells (1 × 107). The mice were randomly divided into various groups 24 hours after implantation. One of the groups was the tumor control, the others were singly or combinedly treated with mitomycin C (MMC) and Shih Chuan-Ta-Pu-Tang (SCTPT) or Shi-Hung-One (SHO). The results revealed that the mortality rate (MR60) in the tumor control was 100% and the mean survival time (MST60) was 21.11 ± 10.69 days. The best therapeutic effect appeared in the group treated with the combination of MMC and SHO, its MR6o was 55.0% and MST 60 was 47.0 ± 13.4 days.
Moxibustion for Correction of Breech Presentation: A Clinical Study with Retrospective Control
Authors: Cardini Francesco , Marcolongo Alma
Published: November 2004

In this study we treated a group of women during pregnancy by moxibustion on point 67 B (Zhiyin), to obtain inversion of fetuses in breech presentation. Comparison is made with a control group drawn retrospectively from clinical files at a regional hospital. The aim of the study is to identify the ideal population (in terms of parity and gestational age) to be included in a randomized controlled trial.
Effect of Acupuncture at the Right Hoku Point on Bilateral Vibration-induced Finger Flexion Reflex in Man: Comparison Between In-Situ and Sparrow Pecking Technique
Authors: Takakura Nobuari , Ogawa Majime , Iijima Satoshi , Nishimura Keiichi , Kanamaru Arata , Sibuya Masato , Momma Ikuo
Published: November 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Sparrow Pecking (SP) technique with that of the In-Situ (IS) technique of acupuncture on vibration-induced finger flexion reflex (VFR). Subjects were 30 healthy adults. VFR, flexion movement of the vibrated finger, was induced by vibrating the volar side of the middle finger tip. The acupuncture point was the right Hoku point. Both techniques of acupuncture inhibited VFR in the ipsilateral and contralateral sides, but inhibition with SP was significantly greater than that with IS (percentage control force of VFR, mean ± SD: with SP right, 62.1±24.6%, left, 60.6±27.9%, with IS right, 74.9±26.6%, left, 78.1±29.5%, P<0.0005). The results suggest that SP suppresses facilitation of VFR in the reflex arcs more than IS does.
Differences in Acupuncture Point SP-10 and Non-acupuncture Point Following Subcutaneous Injection of Tc-99m Pertechnetate
Authors: Chen Ming-Feng , Wu Chung-Chieng , Jong Shiang-Bin , Lin Chun-Ching
Published: November 2004

A new method of radionuclide venography, namely SC-RNV, by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture points was recently developed in our laboratory .The time-activity curve of SC-RNV can be divided into 3 phases as: the phase of diffusion of radioisotopes through the subcutaneous space, the phase of entrance of radioisotopes into intravascular space to reach a peak concentration and the phase of equilibrium state of radioisotopes in the intravascular space. In this study, we used the 3 phases of SC-RNV to evaluate the absorption of Tc-99m pertechnetate injected subcutaneously in the acupuncture point SP-10 (Xuehai) and in a non-acupuncture point near SP-10. The results revealed that the absorption of Tc-99m pertechnetate via SP-10 was significantly greater than that of non-acupuncture point, evidenced by shorter phase 1, higher peak activity and greater accelerating rate of phase 2. This suggests that the absorption of radioisotopes from acupuncture point is faster and greater than that of non-acupuncture point.
Effects of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang on Cellular Immunocompetence of γ-irradiated Mice
Authors: Hsu Hsue-yin , Hau Dou-mong , Lin Chun-ching
Published: November 2004

This study was conducted to determine the therapeutic effects of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang on mice irradiated by γ-ray. A total of 160 male ICR strain mice, 6-7 weeks of age, were chosen to receive different treatment of radiation and Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang. After the treatments, six to eight mice from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33. The body and splenic weights of mice by different treatments were measured and the splenic cells were separated under aseptic conditions, thereafter. The changes of cellular immunocompetence in mice following treatments were measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in each experimental mouse. The results revealed that 4 Gy of γ-ray irradiation inhibited the increases of body and splenic weights and exerted an obvious inhibitory effect on the blastogenic responses of the splenic lymphoid cells after being stimulated by mitogens such as PHA, Con A, PWM and LPS. Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administration seemed to help the recovery of cellular immunocompetence in the γ-ray irradiated mice. Among these treatments, Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administered with the concentration of 20 mg/20 g body weight after irradiation enhanced the recovery of radiation damages and had the highest efficacy of any other kinds of treatments.
Effect of Three Japanese Kampo Medicines on Platelet Activation by Monoclonal Anti-platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Nomura Shosaku , Kido Hirofumi , Yamaguchi Kazuyuki , Fukuroi Tsutomu , Suzuki Masahiko , Yanabu Mutsumasa , Kokawa Terutoshi , Yasunaga Kojiro
Published: November 2004

We studied the effect of three Japanese kampo medicines on platelet activation by an anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody (NNKY1-19) and an anti-human Fc gamma receptor II monoclonal antibody (NNKY3-2). Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) and Sairei-to (TJ-114) partially suppressed platelet aggregation induced by NNKYl-19, while Juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48) suppressed aggregation induced by NNKY3-2. TJ-9 and TJ-114 also suppressed collagen-induced aggregation, but TJ-48 did not. Flow cytometry showed that the three medicines did not affect antibody binding to the platelets. Thus, all three kampo medicines suppressed platelet activation by anti-platelet glycoprotein antibodies without inhibiting antibody binding.
The Effect of Massage on Oxygen Consumption at Rest
Authors: Boone Tommy , Cooper Rae
Published: November 2004

This study determined the effect of massage on oxygen consumption at rest. Ten healthy, adult males (mean age = 28 years) volunteered to serve as subjects. During the Control Session, each subject was placed in the supine position on a massage table to remain motionless for 30 minutes. During the Treatment Session, each subject received a 30-minute sports massage of the lower extremities. Oxygen consumption was determined via the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart, which was upgraded to estimate cardiac output using the CO 2 rebreathing (equilibrium) method. Paired t-tests were used for all tests of statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the subjects' oxygen consumption with the massage. Also, there were no significant differences in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference during the massage. These findings indicate (1) that massaging the lower extremities results in neither an increase nor a decrease in the subjects' expenditure of energy at rest and (2) that the energy cost of metabolism at rest is determined by the same central and/or peripheral adjustments.
Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine, Thang-kau-tin (II): Measurement of Active Oxygen Scavenging Activity Using an ESR Technique
Authors: Lin Jer-Min , Lin Chun-Ching , Chen Ming-Feng , Ujiie Takashi , Takada Atsushi
Published: November 2004

Using an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, we measured the superoxide radical (• O 2-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activity from Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg., Bauhinia championii Benth., Uncaria hirsuta Haviland and Uncaria rhynchophylla Miquel. • O 2- and •OH were detected as spin adducts of spin traps 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). The scavenging potencies of water extracts of crude drugs were evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce the peaks of spin adducts. The extract of B. championii showed the greatest superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity.
Improvement by Guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis) of Lactation in Mice
Authors: Wu Guojuan , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Mori Takao , Inatomi Hideo , Nagasawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2004

Free access of 0.5% Guan-mu-tong (Gmt) as drinking water inhibited lactation of mice estimated by pup growth rate, which was associated with a decrease in RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio in the mammary glands. 0.05% Gmt improved pup growth rate and mammary DNA content. No pups were lost during the experiment. Similar results were obtained by 0.5% Xia-ru-yong-quan-tang (Xryqt), a Chinese herbal medicine, which contained 0.05% Gmt. Xryqt further prevented a decline in ovarian weight seen by 0.05% Gmt treatment and significantly increased mother weight. These findings revealed two opposite effects of Gmt on mammary glands, stimulative and inhibitory, at low- and high-dose levels, respectively.
Induction of Cytochrome P-450-linked Monooxygenase System in Rat Liver Microsomes by Xiao-Chaihu-Tang
Authors: Ohnishi Taira , Yoneyama Hirohito , Hamamoto Tatushichiro , Ishida Toshihiko , Takahara Jirou , Ichikawa Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2004

The administration of Xiao-Chaihu- Tang (TJ-9) for 2 weeks induced a 25% increase in the content of cytochrome P-450 in female rat liver microsomes, while the content in male rats remained unchanged. The enzymatic activities toward various xenobiotics were stimulated in female rats, the levels being in the range of 125-250% of those in the control rats. Among these xenobiotics, the metabolic rates for substrates of cytochrome P-450 2El were significantly enhanced in female rats. On the other hand, the activities toward various xenobiotics in male rats were unchanged. When 3-methylcholanthrene was given to rats for a week, the augmentation of cytochrome P-450 content and the stimulation ofxenobiotic metabolism were observed. However, co-administration ofTJ-9 did not alter the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene described above.
Regulatory Effect of Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Central Cholinergic Nervous System Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Itoh Tadanobu , Michijiri Seisuke , Murai Shigeo , Saito Hiroko , Nakamura Keiko , Itsukaichi Osamu , Fujiwara Hideyo , Ookuboand Noboru , Saito Hiroshi
Published: November 2004

Since administration of a powdered extract (TSS) of Danggui-Shaoyao-San (Toki-shakuyaku-san in Japanese) alone to naive mice had no influence on ACh levels in the brain, the present study examined the effect of TSS on the central cholinergic nervous system using mice treated with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg) or mecamylamine (0.05 mg/kg), which affects the cholinergic nervous system. TSS was suspended in a 5% carboxymethylcellulose solution and mice were orally given single or repeated (twice a day, for 14 days) administration of TSS at 50 or 500 mg/kg. Results on spontaneous locomotor activity showed that (I) single administration of TSS at 50 or 500 mg/kg to naive mice significantly inhibited vertical and horizontal locomotor activities, while repeated administration of TSS at 50 mg/kg significantly stimulated both activities; (2) in mice treated with scopolamine, repeated administration of TSS at 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the scopolamine-induced increase in locomotor activities, whereas in mice treated with mecamylamine, single or repeated administration of TSS at 50 and 500 mg/kg did not show any influence on the mecamylamine-induced decrease in locomotor activities. Regarding the step-down passive avoidance responses: single administration, but not repeated administration, of TSS at 50 and 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited scopolamine-induced shortening of step-down latency. In mice treated with mecamylamine, TSS did not exert any influence on the step-down latency. As for ACh contents, single or repeated administration of TSS at 50 or 500 mg/kg to naive mice had no influence on the levels of ACh in the cerebral cortex, corpus striatum or hippocampus. However, the levels of brain ACh in mice treated with scopolamine showed a decrease and a single administration of TSS at 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited this scopolamine-induced decrease in ACh levels. These results indicate that TSS ameliorates dysfunction of the central cholinergic nervous system and scopolamine-induced decrease in ACh levels in mouse brain, but has no influence on ACh levels in naive mice. Thus, it suggests that TSS may be a useful therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia.
Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Production from Activated Macrophages by Glycyrrhizin
Authors: Yi Hong , Nakashima Izumi , Isobe Ken-ichi
Published: November 2004

We studied the actions of glycyrrhizin on nitric oxide production from macrophages and a macrophage cell line RA W264-7. Although glycyrrhizin did not induce nitric oxide from resting macrophages, it enhanced the production of nitric oxide from IFN-γ activated-macrophages or RA W cells. Glycyrrhizin also enhanced the production of nitric oxide from macrophages stimulated with the supernatant of con A-activated spleen cells. Further, glycyrrhizin enhanced tumor cell killing by macrophages activated with IFN-γ. This tumor cell killing was mainly by nitric oxide.
Effect of Acupuncture at Tai-Tsih (K-3) on the Pulse Spectrum
Authors: Wang Wei Kung , Hsu Tse Lin , Chang Hsi Chan , Wang Yuh Yin Lin
Published: November 2004

The frequency specific acupuncture effect on Tai-Tsih (K-3) was examined by investigating pulse variations at the radial artery. The harmonic proportions of the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th harmonics were increased but the 5th, 6th and 9th harmonics were decreased significantly. The phase angles of all except the 2nd harmonic were increased (wave propagated slower). These results are compared with the frequency specific acupuncture effect on Tsu-San-Li (St-36) which we reported previously (Wang et al., 1995a). This study solidified the weak coupling resonance theory, which successfully explains these frequency specific effects as well as the acupuncture mechanism.
MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LIMITED PSEUDORAPIDITY INTERVALS
Authors: LAM C.S. , ZAHIR M.S.
Published: November 2004

We calculate the multiplicity distributions in fixed pseudorapidity intervals |η|≤ηc for [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] GeV from the total multiplicity distribution. Agreement with experimental data is good where expected. This calculation may be regarded as giving a relation between the number of clusters lying inside |η|≤ηc and the partition temperature Tp(N) introduced by Chou, Yang and Yen for N produced particles.
EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SIGMA MODEL ANOMALIES WITH EXTERNAL GAUGE FIELDS
Authors: WU YIE-LIANG , XIE YAN-BO , ZHOU GUANG-ZHAO
Published: November 2004

The nonlinear sigma model describes Goldstone bosons originating from spontaneous symmetry breaking. A set of local counterterms is found to shift the anomaly of the nonlinear sigma model to that of the original model with fermions interacting with external gauge fields. The ‘t Hooft consistency conditions are matched automatically.
ENTROPY PRODUCTION IN A HOT HETEROTIC STRING
Authors: MYUNG Y.S. , CHO B.H.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the cosmological implications of a gas of hot heterotic superstring in the very early universe. There is a possibility of generating entropy in the non-equilibrium region T0<T<Tc, where T0 is the limiting temperature of the string and Tc is the critical temperature. The imperfect fluid is introduced to take account of this entropy production.
DECOLORIZATION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF JETS
Authors: DREMIN I.M. , LEONIDOV A.V.
Published: November 2004

The space-time extension of neutralization of colour and electric charges of quarks in e+e− annihilation can be revealed by hard bremsstrahlung photons at large angles.
CRITICAL NEUTRON-PROTON ASYMMETRY OF HOT NUCLEAR MATTER
Authors: SU R.K. , YANG S.D. , LI G.L. , KUO T.T.S.
Published: November 2004

We derive an equation of state for asymmetric nuclear matter at finite temperature, using the Skyrme effective nucleon-nucleon interaction and a mean field approach based on a real-time finite temperature Green’s function method with a normal pair cutoff approximation. With the temperature held constant, it is found that nuclear matter can exist only in the gaseous phase when its neutron excess coefficient a has surpassed a certain critical value αc. We have calculated αc for a number of different Skyrme effective interactions. Phase diagrams involving a are obtained, and a low-density equation for the phase boundary is derived.
Sp(2) INVARIANT BRST FORMALISM, SUPERSYMMETRY AND WESS-ZUMINO GAUGES
Authors: DELBOURGO R. , JARVIS P.D. , THOMPSON G.
Published: November 2004

Covariant quantization of Fermi-Bose supersymmetric gauge theories is formulated within an enlarged superspace (xµ, θα, ξm) with manifest ξ-supertranslation (=extended BRST) and Sp(2) invariance. In Wess-Zumino gauges, the correct ghost and auxiliary field structure emerges by counting arguments for the (N=1) super-Yang-Mills, conformal and Einstein supergravity cases. The super-Yang-Mills case is analyzed in detail for both supercovariant and Wess-Zumino gauge-fixing, with particular emphasis on the Sp(2) assignments of the ghost superfields.
SAVE SU(5) GUT WITH FOURTH RANK TENSOR HIGGS IN THE PRESENCE OF SPONTANEOUS COMPACTIFICATION
Authors: DONG FANG-XIAO , TU TUNG-SHENG , XUE PEI-YOU
Published: November 2004

The properties of SU(5) GUT with a 75-dimensional Higgs field [Formula: see text] are discussed in the presence of spontaneous compactification. We find that the value of the weak mixing angle at the weak scale Mw is sin2 θw(Mw)~0.22 which is in good agreement with experiments. The proton lifetime is longer by two orders of magnitude than its standard value. If we assume that SU(5) GUT arises from higher dimensional models of gravity with extra dimensions compactified, then spontaneous compactification can save SU(5) GUT.
LARGE N PHASE TRANSITIONS IN LOW DIMENSIONS
Authors: CICUTA G.M. , MOLINARI L. , MONTALDI E.
Published: November 2004

Quantum models with fields in matrix representations of classical groups exhibit a high order phase transition in the limit of large order of the group. In zero dimension of space-time the Green functions of the newly found branch are those of a Gaussian model; in one dimension, the physical mass vanishes at the critical point.
VARIATIONAL-CUMULANT EXPANSION TREATMENT OF SU(2) MIXED MODEL IN LATTICE GAUGE THEORY
Authors: ZHENG XI-TE , TAN ZU-GUO , WANG JIE
Published: November 2004

The phase diagrams of the SU(2) mixed model are calculated in four and five dimensions by using the variational method with the cumulant expansion as its corrections. The results are much better than that of the original variational treatment. Comparison with the Monte Carlo results and other approximate analytic results are given.
BIMODAL FISSION IN 258FM
Authors: DEPTA K. , MARUHN J.A. , GREINER W. , SCHEID W. , SANDULESCU A.
Published: November 2004

Within the 2-center shell model we present an explanation for the mass and total-kinetic-energy distributions of fission products of very heavy nuclei called “bimodal fission.” For the case of 258 FM we show that the symmetric fission can be described by a 2-dimensional treatment of the elongation and neck degree of freedom. Owing to shell corrections the system fissions via two decay channels that have distinct kinetic energies.
DISPERSIVE DERIVATION OF THE TRIANGLE ANOMALY
Authors: WOSPAKRIK H.J.
Published: November 2004

The convergence properties of the invariant form factors dispersion integrals corresponding to the VVA triangle diagram are examined. It is found that there is a particular Lorentz decomposition of the VVA 3-point function where one of its invariant form factors diverges logarithmically. This is rendered convergent by introducing one substraction constant that turns out to be proportional to the anomalous term of the vector Ward identities.
MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS AND ELECTRON-POSITRON ANNIHILATION AS A SIGNAL FOR NEW PHENOMENA
Authors: BARSHAY SAUL , EICH EBERHARD
Published: November 2004

On the basis of an impact-parameter representation of the empirical, broad multiplicity distributions for charged hadrons produced in pp collisions at 30 GeV and in [Formula: see text] collisions at 540 GeV, we demonstrate the possibility of an unexpected and dramatic change in the nature of the corresponding multiplicity distributions for e+e− annihilation in going from 30 GeV to 540 GeV. Observation of this change in the 100 GeV range would signal new dynamical phenomena.
A SIMPLE EXPRESSION FOR THE GHOST CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERMION EMISSION VERTEX IN SUPERSTRING THEORY
Authors: FRAU M. , SCIUTO S. , LERDA A.
Published: November 2004

The ghost part of the fermion emission vertex is written in terms of commuting ghost fields in a form quite similar to that one originally found by Corrigan and Olive for the orbital part.
ATOMIC ENHANCEMENTS IN THE DETECTION OF AXIONS
Authors: DIMOPOULOS SAVAS , STARKMAN GLENN D. , LYNN BRYAN W.
Published: November 2004

Proposed bolometric and supercolloidal detectors can measure energy depositions of the order of atomic energies. At these energies, atomic bound state effects lead to great enhancements in the detection of absorbable weakly interacting particles. In this paper we compute these enhancements taking into account all Coulomb effects for nonrelativistic electrons. As an example, we show that solar axions could give event rates 104−105 times larger than published neutrino detector design capabilities. Thus, relatively small detectors might see solar axions.
THE CRITICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF AFFINE LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: ALTSCHÜLER D.
Published: November 2004

A critical representation of an affine algebra Ĝ is a representation with central charge k=−g, g being the dual Coxeter number of the underlying simple Lie algebra G. These representations arise naturally in the study of conformal current algebras and BRS cohomology. The author shows how to construct them explicitly in a number of cases, and some intriguing open problems are mentioned.
NEW SCALING BEHAVIOR OF THE RATIO OF MEAN TRANSVERSE MOMENTA BETWEEN IN INCLUSIVE AND SEMI-INCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT COLLIDER ENERGIES
Authors: KUDO K. , NAKAMURA E.R.
Published: November 2004

We demonstrate new scaling behavior of the ratio of mean transverse momenta between in inclusive and semi-inclusive reactions. This scaling property is derived from KNO (Koba, Nielsen and Olesen) scaling and SIM (scaling in the mean). New data, which contain the jet-event sample, observed by the recent collider experiments support our proposal.
EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPARTICLE CORRELATIONS IN HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY ION INTERACTIONS
Authors: BECKMANN P. , DOSS K.G.R. , GUSTAFSSON H.A. , GUTBROD H.H. , KAMPERT K.H. , KOLB B. , LOEHNER H. , POSKANZER A.M. , RITTER H.G. , SCHMIDT H.R. , SIEMIARCZUK T. , WIEMAN H.
Published: November 2004

An exclusive approach is proposed to study azimuthal multiparticle correlations in heavy ion interaction. Strong many-particle correlations are found in relativistic heavy ion reactions measured with the Plastic Ball spectrometer. Energy, mass, and multiplicity dependence of the correlations are examined.
LONG-RANGE POTENTIAL AND TWO GLUINO BOUND STATES
Authors: GHOSH S. , ROY A.K. , MUKHERJEE S.
Published: November 2004

The effect of the long-range confining potential on the two gluino bound states has been studied in a particular potential model. Some useful inequalities for the value of the wave function at the origin, [Formula: see text] have been derived for a more general class of potentials. The results will be useful for estimating various decay widths.
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN REGULAR AND CHAOTIC MOTION IN NUCLEI
Authors: ROTTER I.
Published: November 2004

The regular motion of nucleons in the low-lying nuclear states and the chaotic motion in the compound nuclei are shown to arise from the interplay of conservative and dissipative forces in the open quantum mechanical nuclear system. The regularity at low level density is caused by selforganization in a conservative field of force. At high level density, chaoticity appears since information on the environment is transferred into the system by means of dissipative forces.
TARGET MASS DEPENDENCE AND SCALING OF THE CHARGED PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY
Authors: SHYAM M. , OJHA I.D. , TULI S.K.
Published: November 2004

Target mass dependence of multiplicity distribution of particles produced in hadron-nucleus interactions is exhibited by a new kind of empirical relation through the study of the mean number of wounded quarks. Scaling in proton-nucleus as well as proton-proton collisions is studied and is extrapolated to see its applicability to the data at the highest energy available.
SEE-SAW MASSES FOR QUARKS AND LEPTONS IN AN AMBIDEXTROUS ELECTROWEAK INTERACTION MODEL
Authors: RAJPOOT S.
Published: November 2004

An ambidextrous electroweak interaction model with SU (2)L× SU (2)R× U (1) gauge symmetry is described in which the conventional quarks and leptons are accompanied by a set of new fermions that transform as singlets of SU (2)L× SU (2)R. The model has only two doublets of Higgs scalars. The masses of all known quarks and leptons result from the see-saw mechanism between the conventional fermions and the new “singlet” fermions. Neutrino neutral current interactions are identical to those of the standard SU (2)L× U (1) model. The singlet fermion masses lie in the 100-GeV to 1-TeV range to be probed by the oncoming accelerators of the 1990’s.
ON OPERATOR CONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL IN NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORY
Authors: HAN NGUYEN SUAN , PERVUSHIN V.N.
Published: November 2004

Here we suggest a gauge-invariant and relativistic-covariant operator canonical construction of the path integral that is useful for considering the problems whose solutions in conventional approaches depend on the gauge choice. We consider the fermionic Green function, gauge ambiguities and infrared behaviour of non-Abelian theories. We show that the “constructive” approach not only solves such an old problem as a correct definition of analytical properties of the fermionic Green functions but also leads to a new picture of colour confinement based on the phenomenon of destructive interference of phase factors arising in the construction of physical variables.
SUPERSYMMETRY AND ACCIDENTAL DEGENERACY
Authors: CELKA P. , HUSSIN V.
Published: November 2004

Accidental degeneracies are explained as arising from an underlying supersymmetry associated with the superalgebra osp (2/2, ℝ)⊕ so (3) when the quantum-mechanical potential is a general superposition of a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential, a 1/r2-potential and a constant one. Recent supersymmetric model hamiltonians are discussed within our general context.
LARGE CROSS-SECTIONS FOR W+W− AND Z0Z0 PAIRS AND COLOR SEXTET QUARKS
Authors: WHITE ALAN R.
Published: November 2004

Dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking by a chiral condensate of color sextet quarks is expected to produce large cross-sections for W+W− and Z0Z0 pairs due to direct QCD production. Cross-section estimates based on a combination of chiral and diffractive scaling arguments are shown to be consistent with the candidate events observed at CERN. Other implications of sextet quarks for QCD dynamics and for Grand Unification are also briefly described.
GAUGE INVARIANCE AND THE SIGMA MODEL FOR THE HETEROTIC STRING
Authors: HAMADA KEN-JI , KODAIRA JIRO , SAITO JUICHI
Published: November 2004

We consider the heterotic string in arbitrary background gauge fields. The full gauge Chern-Simons terms are shown to be reproduced in the divergent terms of the corresponding sigma model to the two-loop order. The role of the Chern-Simons terms is discussed from the viewpoint of the local gauge invariance.
COSMIC STRING DECAY
Authors: BRANDENBERGER ROBERT , MATHESON ANDREW
Published: November 2004

We calculate the rate of decay of cosmic string loops into fermions and bosons, at zero and non-zero temperatures, taking the back reaction of the string on itself into account. The decay rate is controlled by the radius of curvature of the string. We find that with the exception of decays into massless scalar fields at high temperatures, the decay rate is completely negligible for cosmologically interesting string loops, when compared to gravitational energy loss.
ON THE FIELD THEORY APPROACH TO THE PARITY NON-CONSERVING NUCLEON-NUCLEUS POTENTIAL
Authors: McKELLAR BRUCE H. J.
Published: November 2004

Caprini and Micu recently introduced a one particle nucleon-nucleus pnc potential generated by one loop corrections to nuclear field theory. I show how to obtain the conventional nucleon-nucleus pnc potential as a tree graph in nuclear field theory, and demonstrate that the one loop corrections introduced by Caprini and Micu are small corrections to the conventional pnc potential.
POSSIBLE NEUTRINO OSCILLATION IN THE OBSERVED NEUTRINO BURST FROM SN1987a
Authors: MIDORIKAWA S. , TERAZAWA H. , AKAMA K.
Published: November 2004

The KAMIOKANDE-II and IMB data on the neutrino burst from the supernova SN1987a is analyzed for possible neutrino oscillation. Highlighted is the possibility that a periodic structure in the observed spectrum of inverse electron neutrino energies can be explained by the extremely small mass-squared difference of ∆m2 = (7.2 ± 0.4) × 10−20 eV 2.
COMPARISON OF MATTER EFFECTS IN STRANGENESS OSCILLATIONS AND IN NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS
Authors: DASS G. V. , SARMA K. V. L.
Published: November 2004

Proceeding in analogy to the Mikheyev-Smirnov enhancement of matter effects on neutrino oscillations we consider the limit wherein the effects of the medium on [Formula: see text] oscillations are maximized. In this limit it is found that the ratio of the strangeness-oscillation probability in matter to that in vacuum cannot exceed unity.
TOPOLOGY OF THE GRASSMANNIAN σ MODEL ON A LATTICE
Authors: FUKAI T. , ATRE M. V.
Published: November 2004

The Grassmannian σ model with a topological term is studied on a lattice. The θ dependence of the partition function and the Wilson loop are evaluated in the strong coupling limit. The latter is shown to be independent of the area at θ = π, as in the CPN−1 model.
BREAKING THE AXIAL U(1) DOES NOT ENHANCE SECOND CLASS DECAYS
Authors: MEURICE Y.
Published: November 2004

We consider the description of the a0 meson within a linear sigma model involving different types of explicit breaking of the axial U(1). Those new terms do not enhance [Formula: see text] confirming the point of view that the decay mode [Formula: see text] is negligible in the standard model. We also discuss the spectrum of the theory.
CONSTRAINTS FROM STRING UNIFICATION
Authors: PETRONZIO R. , VENEZIANO G.
Published: November 2004

The incorporation of a standard model with n generations and softly broken N = 1 supersymmetry in a string theory of the heterotic type implies relations among the string scale. the compactification scale, the Planck mass and various couplings. We study these constraints, including running effects through two loops, and obtain severe limitations on possible consistent string unifications by requiring string loops not to be totally out of control.
HIGH SPIN STATES IN 184Pt AND 172W NUCLIDES AND CORE EXCITATION IN IBA CALCULATION
Authors: HSIEH S. T. , YEN M. M. KING
Published: November 2004

The core-excited interacting boson model up to two boson excitation is applied to 184 Pt and 172 W nuclides. In addition to energy levels (backbending), the calculated transition quadrupole moments of 172 W also reproduces the experimentally observed behavior, namely, a reduction at high spin. Incidentally a structure change between the lighter and the heavier Pt isotopes manifests itself in the study.
CHAOTIC UNIVERSE DYNAMICS USING A FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION
Authors: COULE DAVID H. , OLYNYK KIRK O.
Published: November 2004

A Fokker-Planck equation that accounts for fluctuations in field and its conjugate momentum is solved numerically for the case of a λϕ4 potential. Although the amount of inflation agrees closely with that expected classically, in certain cases (large initial fields or large dispersions) the "slow rolling" approximation appears invalid. In such cases inflation would stop prematurely before possibly restarting.
NEUTRINOS FROM SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION AND THE MIKHEYEV-SMIRNOV-WOLFENSTEIN EFFECT
Authors: MINAKATA HISAKAZU , NUNOKAWA HIROSHI , SHIRAISHI KIYOSHI , SUZUKI HIROSHI
Published: November 2004

It is shown that by taking the effect of the Earth into account the possible observation of electron neutrinos from the supernova SN1987A at the Kamiokande II is compatible with the solution of the solar neutrino puzzle by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein mechanism. Our scenario requires relatively large mixing angles sin 2 2θ ≳ 0.3 and, most probably, ∆m2 of the order of 10−6 ~ 10−5 (eV) 2. The implications of possible observation in other neutrino detectors are briefly discussed.
REMARKS ON SUPERSTRING FIELD THEORIES (II)
Authors: CHEN WEI , GUO HAN-YING , HU HONG-LIANG , YU YUE
Published: November 2004

A gauge invariant interacting field theory model for the closed superstrings is presented. The dynamical aspect of the theory coincides with the BRST cohomology analysis. And, the Lagrangian is of the super-Chern-Simons type.
A GAUGE PRINCIPLE YIELDING CONSISTENT CHIRAL THEORIES
Authors: THOMPSON GEORGE , ZHANG RUIBIN
Published: November 2004

We propose a new principle in gauge theories: namely that in a given action, fields should be replaced by gauge invariant equivalents. Using this principle we study anomalous gauge theories and find that the resulting models are anomaly free, unitary and power counting renormalizable.
ON THE PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VILKOVISKY-DEWITT EFFECTIVE ACTION
Authors: BURGESS C. P. , KUNSTATTER G.
Published: November 2004

This letter examines the physical interpretation of a class of reparameterization-invariant effective actions, recently introduced by DeWitt. These include as a special case the Vilkovisky and DeWitt effective action. The invariant actions are shown to share those features at the root of the utility of the standard effective action. In particular, they can be interpreted as the minimum energy in states that are subject to a reparameterization-invariant constraint. It is also shown that, contrary to standard lore, although the Vilkovisky-DeWitt action is given as the sum of one-particle-irreducible graphs it is not the generator of 1PI n-point functions.
EXTENDED SUGAWARA MODEL WITH ANOMALY
Authors: Park D.K. , Kim H.S. , Cho B.H. , Yi S.H.
Published: November 2004

Sugawara model is extended to contain the anomalous commutator. Also the energy-momentum tensor is generalized. From the various restrictions we obtain the constraints of this model. The normal ordering effect of the model is discussed. As a result, the extended Sugawara model does not contain the central term of the parity preserving contribution but involves that of the parity violating contribution.
A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE OCTONIONS AND THE SUPERSTRING
Authors: Foot R. , Joshi G.C.
Published: November 2004

We propose an octonion formalism appropriate for the d=10 superstring. Our approach is analogous to the SL (2, C) formulation of the d=4 Lorentz algebra, and is apparently equivalent to the usual SO (9, 1) formulation.
ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF THE QUARK DIAGRAMS AND CONFINEMENT
Authors: Anisovich V.V.
Published: November 2004

Analytic properties of the two- and three-point quark diagrams are considered, taking into account the confinement consequences. The problem whether a comparatively large confinement radius could exist (Rc~2–3 fm) is discussed.
FOUR PREON COMPOSITE QUARKS AND LEPTONS
Authors: RAJPOOT S. , SAMUEL MARK A.
Published: November 2004

A model is presented in which quarks and leptons are composites of three spin-[Formula: see text] preons and a scalar preon. The model is an extension of the rishon model and consists of two spin-[Formula: see text] preons T, V and a scalar preon S as the fundamental building blocks of matter. Assuming distinguishability of states due to the order assigned to the preons in forming the quark and lepton states, the concepts of flavour, colour and generation number acquire meaning only at the level of compositeness. The model predicts four generations of conventional quarks and leptons.
FREE MASSLESS BOSONIC FIELDS OF ARBITRARY SPIN IN D-DIMENSIONAL DE SITTER SPACE
Authors: LOPATIN V.E. , VASILIEV M.A.
Published: November 2004

Free massless bosonic fields of arbitrary spins s>1, corresponding to symmetric representations of SO(d−2) compact subgroup of the d-dimensional massless flat little group, are described in d-dimensional (anti-) de Sitter space in terms of differential forms. The formulation proposed is a generalization to arbitrary d≥4 of that suggested previously in the four dimensional case, which served in Refs. 1 and 2 as a starting point for introducing consistent gravitational interaction for all massless higher spin fields in d=4.
BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRIC QCD WITH A FINITE VACUUM ENERGY
Authors: KRASNIKOV N.V.
Published: November 2004

We show that an explicit symmetry breaking of the N=1 supersymmetric QCD through the addition of soft mass term [Formula: see text] does not affect the finiteness of the vacuum energy for M=4, 5, 6, 7, 8 flavours.
CONSTRAINTS FOR THE DIQUARK COUPLINGS FROM QUARK→ QUARK+PHOTON TRANSITIONS
Authors: MAALAMPI J. , PIETILÄ A. , VILJA I.
Published: November 2004

The significance of the diquark couplings f6QQh and f7ucdchc is studied in a SU(3)× SU(2)×U(1) 1)×U(1)′ gauge model derived from the E6 superstring theory at low energies. For this purpose, the electric dipole moment of the neutron and the branching ratio of the radiative bottom meson decay, B→K*γ, arising from these couplings are claculated. A comparison with the experimental upper limits gives typically the bound Im f6f7≲10−4 for the coupling constants.
LARGE MASS EXPANSION, OPERATOR PRODUCT EXPANSION, AND R*-OPERATION
Authors: SMIRNOV V.A.
Published: November 2004

An explicit formula for the effective Lagrangian in arbitrary order of the large mass expansion (LME) is derived. It describes the asymptotic expansion of Green functions of light fields when heavy masses tend to infinity and expresses the effective Lagrangian as a sum of the light fields and their derivatives with coefficients which expand in vacuum Feynman amplitudes at zero values of light masses. These coefficients are UV- and IR-finite due to the R*-operation that is a generalisation of the R-operation when IR divergences are involved.
TWO DIMENSIONAL UNTWISTED (4, 4), TWISTED $(4, \bar4)$ AND CHIRAL SUPERSYMMETRIC NON LINEAR σ-MODELS
Authors: LHALLABI T. , SAIDI E.H.
Published: November 2004

D=2N=(4, 4) harmonic superspace analysis is developed. The underlying untwisted (4, 4) non linear σ-models are studied. A method of deriving chiral (4, 0) and (0, 4) models is presented. The Lagrange superparameter used to put the constraint specifying the hyperkahler manifold structure is predicted and its relation to the matter superfield is stated in a covariant way. A known construction is recovered. We show also that (4, 4) model is not a direct sum of its chiral ones. Finally a twisted [Formula: see text] model is obtained.
INDIRECT SEARCHES FOR LEPTOQUARKS AT PRESENT AND FUTURE COLLIDERS
Authors: DREINER H. , ELLIS J. , NANOPOULOS D.V. , TRACAS N.D. , VLACHOS N.D.
Published: November 2004

We explore the sensitivities of e+e− colliders (LEP, CLIC) and hadron-hadron colliders (CERN [Formula: see text], FNAL [Formula: see text], LHC pp and SSC pp) to the indirect effects of virtual scalar particles with superstring-inspired leptoquark and diquark couplings. We find that e+e− colliders have better sensitivities via total cross section measurements of [Formula: see text] than via asymmetry measurements, and that LEP 2 is much more sensitive than LEP 1. Hadron-hadron colliders are sensitive via lepton-pair production cross sections ( [Formula: see text]μ+μ−, τ+τ−).
MULTIFRAGMENTATION AND FRAGMENT FLOW
Authors: PEILERT G. , ROSENHAUER A. , STÖCKER H. , GREINER W. , AICHELIN J.
Published: November 2004

Multifragmentation is studied for the system 197Au (200 A MeV)+197Au in the Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach. We find that the fragment mass distribution exhibits a power law behaviour with an exponent τ=−2.3. Time and impact parameter dependence of the fragment formation and their implications for the conjectured liquid-vapour phase-transition are investigated. We show that different fragment mass intervals populate different rapidity regions. The transverse momentum flow per nucleon increases with fragment mass in agreement with recent data, and exhibits for A≥4, a strongly enhanced sensitivity to the nuclear equation of state. In-medium effects reduce the fragment flow. The data indicate a stiff equation of state.
EXTERNAL FIELDS AND THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP
Authors: CLARK T. E. , LOVE S. T.
Published: November 2004

Scaling arguments are used to relate the external field dependence of the vacuum functional to the changes in the other parameters characterizing the model. Under certain circumstances, this renormalization group equation can be solved, at least approximately, for the external field dependence of the effective action. In particular, we focus on the case of a strong external magnetic field.
QUANTUM GRAVITY AT FINITE TEMPERATURE
Authors: JOHANSSON A.E.I. , PERESSUTTI G. , SKAGERSTAM B.-S.
Published: November 2004

Self-energy corrections induced by the presence of thermal gravitons are computed at the one-loop level. It is found that thermal gravitons lead to a decreasing, effective temperature-dependent mass contrary to the situation in ordinary gauge theories where the effective mass is an increasing function of the temperature. It is argued that for 4πT2 larger then [Formula: see text], massive modes in the system are damped out in time or they cause instabilities. We also verify that the temperature-dependent effective mass satisfies Weinberg’s on-shell gauge invariance.
CURRENT COMMUTATOR ANOMALIES AND CHIRAL ANOMALIES IN THE CANONICAL FORMALISM
Authors: HOSONO SHINOBU , SEO KOICHI
Published: November 2004

Without recourse to the Bjorken-Johnson-Low (BJL) method, current-current and current-electric-field commutator anomalies are evaluated in chiral gauge theories in two-and four-dimensional spacetime with the help of a gauge covariant regularization method. The results are consistent with previous analyses through the BJL method, and partially confirmed Faddeev’s conjecture on the commutator anomalies of the Gauss law constraint operators within the canonical formalism. The chiral anomalies of the current divergence are derived from these commutator anomalies in the Weyl gauge where current-electric-field commutator anomalies play important roles.
MAGNETIC MOMENT OF THE NEUTRINO IN A MODEL WITH MIRROR FERMIONS
Authors: BAIG M. , GRIFOLS J.A. , MASSÓ E.
Published: November 2004

We produce a Particle Physics model where the neutrino is endowed with substantial magnetic moment. It contains a mirror electron and a mirror neutrino. We discuss the various Particle Physics/Cosmological/Astrophysical constraints to which they are subjected.
BOUNDS ON THE QCD PARAMETERS FROM e+e−→(HADRONS)I=1
Authors: GROZIN A.G. , PINELIS YU. F.
Published: November 2004

The stability of the QCD sum rules is analysed for the light-quark systems with higher vacuum condensates incorporated in the consideration. The bounds resulting from the experimental data on e+e−→(hadrons)I=1 are obtained for the gluon and quark condensates and parameter [Formula: see text].