bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ding Yue , Sun Xue , Shan Peng-Fei
Published: February 2017

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Recently, although CVD morbidity and mortality have decreased as a result of comprehensive control of CVD risk factors, CVD remains the leading cause of death of patients with diabetes in many countries, indicating the potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding, single-stranded RNA molecules that are involved inβ-cell function, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue and which play an important role in glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Here, we review recent progress in research on microRNAs in endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, macrophage and platelet activation, lipid metabolism abnormality, and cardiomyocyte repolarization in diabetes mellitus. We also review the progress of microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CVD in patients with diabetes.
Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum QLP12 against Verticillium dahliae in Eggplant
Authors: Lan Xingjie , Zhang Jing , Zong Zhaofeng , Ma Qing , Wang Yang
Published: February 2017

A fungus with broad spectrum antifungal activity was isolated from the soil in Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, in China. The fungus was identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum based on ITS rDNA gene analysis. The strain, coded as QLP12, showed high inhibition activity on fungal mycelium growth in vitro, especially to Mucor piriformis, Trichothecium roseum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Verticillium dahliae, and its potential for biocontrol efficacy of eggplant. Verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae among 10 fungal species tested was explored. In greenhouse experiments, QLP12 showed an excellent growth-promoting effect on eggplant seed germination (76.7%), bud growth (79.4%), chlorophyll content (47.83%), root activity (182.02%), and so on. QLP12 can colonize the eggplant interior and also develop in rhizosphere soil. In greenhouse, the incidence of Verticillium wilt decreased by 83.82% with pretreated QLP12 fermentation broth in the soil. In the field, QLP12 showed prominent biocontrol effects on Verticillium wilt by reducing the disease index over the whole growth period, a decline of 40.1%. This study showed that the strain QLP12 is not only an effective biocontrol agent for controlling Verticillium wilt of eggplant, but also a plant growth-promoting fungus that deserves to be further developed.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Interleukin-4 Genes Variable Number Tandem Repeats Are Associated with Adiposity in Malaysian Subjects
Authors: Kok Yung-Yean , Ong Hing-Huat , Say Yee-How
Published: February 2017

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) intron 2 86 bp repeat and interleukin-4 (IL4) intron 3 70 bp repeat are variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) that have been associated with various diseases, but their role in obesity is elusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the association ofIL1RAandIL4VNTRs with obesity and adiposity in 315 Malaysian subjects (128 M/187 F; 23 Malays/251 ethnic Chinese/41 ethnic Indians). The allelic distributions ofIL1RAandIL4were significantly different among ethnicities, and the alleles were associated with total body fat (TBF) classes. Individuals withIL1RAI/II genotype or allele II had greater risk of having higher overall adiposity, relative to those having the I/I genotype or I allele, respectively, even after controlling for ethnicity [Odds Ratio (OR) of I/II genotype = 12.21 (CI = 2.54, 58.79;p=0.002); II allele = 5.78 (CI = 1.73, 19.29;p=0.004)]. However,IL4VNTR B2 allele was only significantly associated with overall adiposity status before adjusting for ethnicity [OR = 1.53 (CI = 1.04, 2.23;p=0.03)]. Individuals withIL1RAII allele had significantly higher TBF than those with I allele (31.79±2.52versus23.51±0.40;p=0.005). Taken together,IL1RAintron 2 VNTR seems to be a genetic marker for overall adiposity status in Malaysian subjects.
Parallel Algorithm for Wireless Data Compression and Encryption
Authors: Jiancheng Qin , Yiqin Lu , Yu Zhong
Published: February 2017

As the wireless network has limited bandwidth and insecure shared media, the data compression and encryption are very useful for the broadcasting transportation of big data in IoT (Internet of Things). However, the traditional techniques of compression and encryption are neither competent nor efficient. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a combined parallel algorithm named “CZ algorithm” which can compress and encrypt the big data efficiently. CZ algorithm uses a parallel pipeline, mixes the coding of compression and encryption, and supports the data window up to 1 TB (or larger). Moreover, CZ algorithm can encrypt the big data as a chaotic cryptosystem which will not decrease the compression speed. Meanwhile, a shareware named “ComZip” is developed based on CZ algorithm. The experiment results show that ComZip in 64 b system can get better compression ratio than WinRAR and 7-zip, and it can be faster than 7-zip in the big data compression. In addition, ComZip encrypts the big data without extra consumption of computing resources.
Sparse Optimization of Vibration Signal by ADMM
Authors: Wanqing Song
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is applied to the compressed sensing theory to realize the sparse optimization of vibration signal. Solving the basis pursuit problem for minimizing theL1norm minimization under the equality constraints, the sparse matrix obtained by the ADMM algorithm can be reconstructed by inverse sparse orthogonal matrix inversion. This paper analyzes common sparse orthogonal basis on the reconstruction results, that is, discrete Fourier orthogonal basis, discrete cosine orthogonal basis, and discrete wavelet orthogonal basis. In particular, we will show that, from the point of view of central tendency, the discrete cosine orthogonal basis is more suitable, for instance, at the vibration signal data because its error is close to zero. Moreover, using the discrete wavelet transform in signal reconstruction there still are some outliers but the error is unstable. We also use the time complex degree and validity, for the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the ADMM algorithm applied to sparse signal optimization. The advantage of this method is that these abnormal values are limited in the control range.
Protective Effects of the Segmental Renal Artery Clamping Technique on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in db/db Diabetic Mice
Authors: Liang Chao , Zhu Jundong , Miao Chenkui , Wang Shangqian , Zhang Lei , Li Pu , Wang Zengjun , Shao Pengfei
Published: February 2017

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is inevitable in partial nephrectomy and other kidney surgeries, with a higher incidence in patients with renal insufficiency. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of precise segmental renal artery clamping (SRAC) against renal I/R injury in db/db diabetic mice, compared with conventional renal artery clamping (RAC). Grape seed extract, a powerful free radical scavenger, was administered to diabetic mice for 4 weeks before operation in subgroups (30 mg/kg/d). The unilateral renal pedicle was ligatured, and I/R injury to the contralateral kidney was induced (ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h). Blood glucose value, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine microalbumin/urine creatinine ratio increased gradually and showed no preoperative statistical differences among six subgroups. These parameters were significantly lower in the SRAC than in the RAC group 24 h postoperatively. Moreover, the nonischemic area in the SRAC group expressed less KIM-1 and TNF-αmRNA and also revealed minor histopathological damage induced by I/R. These findings suggest that SRAC effectively reduces early renal injury induced by I/R and accelerates the recovery of renal function in diabetic mice. Thus, SRAC may be an ideal technique in partial nephrectomy, especially for patients with diabetic nephropathy and other renal insufficiencies.
Digital Lengthening to Treat Finger Deficiency: An Experience of 201 Digits in 104 Patients
Authors: Ding Zhenyu , Zhu Xiaozhong , Fu Kai , Zheng Xianyou
Published: February 2017

Objectives.We evaluated the results of digital lengthening by distraction and second-stage bone graft.Methods.We treated finger deficiency of 201 digits in 104 patients (68 males, 36 females) by digital distraction and second-stage bone graft. The distraction was performed with a rate of 1 mm/day (for the first ten days) and 0.5 mm/day followed by using a self-designed bilateral tubal-helical external fixator. The mean follow-up period was 42 months (range 6 to 60 months).Results.The mean lengthening was 29.2 mm (range 25 to 40 mm) and 18.7 mm (range 12 to 32 mm) for metacarpal bones and phalanges, respectively. The mean elongation rate was 174.4% (range 145% to 202%) and 184.8% (range 115% to 283%) for metacarpal bones and phalanges, respectively. The static two-point discriminations and SpO2showed no significant differences before and after distraction. Four complications were observed (two skin ruptures and two phalangeal splitting). No pin tract infection or tendon rupture showed. Digital lengthening improved functions of the hand.Conclusion.Digital distraction and second-stage bone graft is an effective method to compensate disabilities caused by lack of finger length. It could be an alternative plan for patients with thumb deficiency instead of toe-to-thumb transplant and patients with finger deficiency instead of ray resection.
Dynamic Projection Mapping with a Single IR Camera
Authors: Hashimoto Naoki , Koizumi Ryo , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: February 2017

We propose a dynamic projection mapping system with effective machine-learning and high-speed edge-based object tracking using a single IR camera. The machine-learning techniques are used for precise 3D initial posture estimation from 2D IR images, as a detection process. After the detection, we apply an edge-based tracking process for real-time image projection. In this paper, we implement our proposal and actually achieve dynamic projection mapping. In addition, we evaluate the performance of our proposal through the comparison with a Kinect-based tracking system.
A Method for Entity Resolution in High Dimensional Data Using Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Yi Liu , Xing-chun Diao , Jian-jun Cao , Xing Zhou , Yu-ling Shang
Published: February 2017

In order to improve utilization rate of high dimensional data features, an ensemble learning method based on feature selection for entity resolution is developed. Entity resolution is regarded as a binary classification problem, an optimization model is designed to maximize each classifier’s classification accuracy and dissimilarity between classifiers and minimize cardinality of features. A modified multiobjective ant colony optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model for each base classifier, two pheromone matrices are set up, weighted product method is applied to aggregate values of two pheromone matrices, and feature’s Fisher discriminant rate of records’ similarity vector is calculated as heuristic information. A solution which is called complementary subset is selected from Pareto archive according to the descending order of three objectives to train the given base classifier. After training all base classifiers, their classification outputs are aggregated by max‐wins voting method to obtain the ensemble classifiers’ final result. A simulation experiment is carried out on three classical datasets. The results show the effectiveness of our method, as well as a better performance compared with the other two methods.
IL-1βand IL-6 Are Highly Expressed in RF+IgE+ Systemic Lupus Erythematous Subtype
Authors: Wu Yongkang , Cai Bei , Zhang Junlong , Shen Beilei , Huang Zhuochun , Tan Chunyu , Baan Carla C. , Wang Lanlan
Published: February 2017

Background.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with great heterogeneity in pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one key indicator for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with type I hypersensitivity. To better categorize SLE subtypes, we determined the dominant cytokines based on familial SLE patients.Methods.RF, IgE, and multiple cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β) were measured in sera of familial SLE patients (n=3), noninherited SLE patients (n=108), and healthy controls (n=80).Results.Three familial SLE patients and 5 noninherited SLE cases are with features of RF+IgE+. These RF+IgE+ SLE patients expressed significantly higher levels of IL-1βand IL-6 than the other SLE patients (P<0.05). IL-6 correlated with both IgE and IL-1βlevels in RF+IgE+ SLE patients (r2=0.583,P=0.027;r2=0.847,P=0.001), and IgE also correlated with IL-1β(r2=0.567,P=0.031).Conclusion.Both IL-1βand IL-6 are highly expressed cytokines in RF+IgE+ SLE subtype which may be related to the pathogenesis of this special SLE subtype and provide accurate treatment strategy by neutralizing IL-1βand IL-6.
Hartman-Wintner-Type Inequality for a Fractional Boundary Value Problem via a Fractional Derivative with respect to Another Function
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Kirane Mokhtar , Samet Bessem
Published: February 2017

We consider a fractional boundary value problem involving a fractional derivative with respect to a certain function g. A Hartman-Wintner-type inequality is obtained for such problem. Next, several Lyapunov-type inequalities are deduced for different choices of the function g. Moreover, some applications to eigenvalue problems are presented.
Utility of MYD88 in the Differential Diagnosis and Choice of Second-Line Therapy in a Case of Nonsecretory Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma versus Free Light Chain Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Kazmierski D. , Palomba M. L. , Barsigian C.
Published: February 2017

The MYD88 L265P somatic variant (MYD88) has a high prevalence in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM), a form of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) associated with monoclonal IgM. Although the role of MYD88 in WM was initially reported in 2012, it was not until 2016 that MYD88 testing was included in the National Cancer Care Network (NCCN) Guidelines. We present a case illustrating the utility of MYD88 status in distinguishing atypical forms of WM from marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and in selecting second-line therapy with ibrutinib. In 2012, a 64-year-old male presented with dyspnea on exertion, a hemoglobin of 5.6 g/dL, a platelet count of 86,000, and monoclonal IgM kappa on serum immunofixation but no detectable M-spike. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 95% monoclonal B-lymphocytes with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation favoring a diagnosis of LPL/WM over MZL, with a favorable response to chemotherapy. This diagnosis was called into question 3 years later following relapse, and MZL was favored based on the lack of MYD88 mutation. One year later, however, repeat bone marrow biopsy detected the MYD88 mutation and therapy with ibrutinib yielded a favorable response. The distinction between certain lymphomas can be problematic and in this case MYD88 was helpful in clarifying a diagnosis of atypical LPL/WM from MZL and in selecting effective second-line therapy.
β-Arrestin1/miR-326 Transcription Unit Is Epigenetically Regulated in Neural Stem Cells Where It Controls Stemness and Growth Arrest
Authors: Po Agnese , Begalli Federica , Abballe Luana , Alfano Vincenzo , Besharat Zein Mersini , Catanzaro Giuseppina , Vacca Alessandra , Napolitano Maddalena , Tafani Marco , Giangaspero Felice , Locatelli Franco , Ferretti Elisabetta , Miele Evelina
Published: February 2017

Cell development is regulated by a complex network of mRNA-encoded proteins and microRNAs, all funnelling onto the modulation of self-renewal or differentiation genes. How intragenic microRNAs and their host genes are transcriptionally coregulated and their functional relationships for the control of neural stem cells (NSCs) are poorly understood. We propose here the intragenic miR-326 and its host geneβ-arrestin1 as novel players whose epigenetic silencing maintains stemness in normal cerebellar stem cells. Such a regulation is mediated by CpG islands methylation of the common promoter. Epigenetic derepression ofβ-arrestin1/miR-326 by differentiation signals or demethylating agents leads to suppression of stemness features and cell growth and promotes cell differentiation.β-Arrestin1 inhibits cell proliferation by enhancing the nuclear expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism for the control of cerebellar NSCs where a coordinated epigenetic mechanism finely regulatesβ-arrestin1/miR-326 expression and consequently NSCs stemness and cell growth.
Suppressed Band Characteristics of an UWB Conical Monopole Antenna with Split Loops Based on the Equivalent Circuit
Authors: Jang Eun-Seok , Kim Che-Young , Yang Dae-Geun , Hong Sung-Su
Published: February 2017

In this study, the principle of band suppressing an UWB antenna by attaching a small resonator is explained by developing its equivalent circuit. The realized UWB antenna is a conical monopole antenna that contains a split loop for band suppression. The conical monopole antenna corresponds to a transmission line terminated with load impedance, and the split loop is an LC resonator. The coupling between the conical monopole antenna and the split loop is represented as mutual inductance. Equivalent circuits for the UWB antenna suppressing single band [WLAN] and dual band [WLAN, WiMAX] have been suggested, and these equivalent circuits provide insight into the performance characteristics of the developed band suppressed UWB antenna to which a small sized resonator is installed. Simulation and measurement results on the input impedance and VSWR of the proposed equivalent circuit are closely matched. Thus, the validity of the equivalent circuit is confirmed. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits a gain of over 3 dBi in the working band and has an omnidirectional radiation pattern. Band rejection has been also implemented by split loops.
Numerical Analyses of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction and Deformation Behaviour of an Upstream Tailings Dam
Authors: Zardari Muhammad Auchar , Mattsson Hans , Knutsson Sven , Khalid Muhammad Shehzad , Ask Maria V. S. , Lund Björn
Published: February 2017

Much of the seismic activity of northern Sweden consists of micro-earthquakes occurring near postglacial faults. However, larger magnitude earthquakes do occur in Sweden, and earthquake statistics indicate that a magnitude 5 event is likely to occur once every century. This paper presents dynamic analyses of the effects of larger earthquakes on an upstream tailings dam at the Aitik copper mine in northern Sweden. The analyses were performed to evaluate the potential for liquefaction and to assess stability of the dam under two specific earthquakes: a commonly occurring magnitude 3.6 event and a more extreme earthquake of magnitude 5.8. The dynamic analyses were carried out with the finite element program PLAXIS using a recently implemented constitutive model called UBCSAND. The results indicate that the magnitude 5.8 earthquake would likely induce liquefaction in a limited zone located below the ground surface near the embankment dikes. It is interpreted that stability of the dam may not be affected due to the limited extent of the liquefied zone. Both types of earthquakes are predicted to induce tolerable magnitudes of displacements. The results of the postseismic slope stability analysis, performed for a state after a seismic event, suggest that the dam is stable during both the earthquakes.
Thrombosis of the Azygos Anterior Cerebral Artery
Authors: Sousa Camila Soares Moreira de , Miranda Carla Lorena Vasques Mendes de , Avelino Marcelo Coelho , Bastos Breno Braga , Moreira de Sousa Rafael Soares , Miranda Carla Valéria Vasques Mendes de
Published: February 2017

The azygos anterior cerebral artery is a rare variant, characterized by the absence of the anterior communicating artery and the union of two proximal segments of the anterior cerebral artery, forming a single trunk and ascending through the interhemispheric fissure. The incidence in the population varies from 0.3 to 2%. The presence of occlusion for this vessel causes bifrontal infarcts, with potentially devastating functional consequences, hence the importance of recognizing this anatomical variation in imaging exams.
Hemorrhagic Shock as Complication of Intramural Intestinal Bleeding
Authors: Ben Ali Asma , Cherif Mohamed Ali , Mhajba Walid , Doghri Hamdi Hamdène , Hassouna Malek , Hechmi Youssef Zied El , Jerbi Zouheir , Ben Hassen Ines , Daghfous Mohamed Habib
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Mural intestinal hematoma (MIH) is an uncommon complication of anticoagulant therapy. Hemorrhagic shock has been rarely reported as a revealing modality.Results. We report two cases of shock induced by mural intestinal hematoma in patients under oral anticoagulant for aortic prosthetic valve and atrial fibrillation. Patients were admitted to the ICU for gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with hemodynamic instability. After resuscitation, an abdominal CT scan has confirmed the diagnosis showing an extensive hematoma. Medical treatment was sufficient and there was no need for surgery.Conclusion. Gastrointestinal bleeding associated with shock in patients treated by oral anticoagulant should alert physicians to research a probable MIH. Urgent diagnosis and appropriate medical treatment can avoid surgical interventions.
The Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella sativa and Propolis on Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats
Authors: El Rabey Haddad A. , Al-Seeni Madeha N. , Bakhashwain Amal S.
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to compare the ameliorative effect of Nigella sativa and propolis methanol extract on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male rats and treating diabetic nephropathy. Forty male Albino rats were divided into four groups; the first group was the negative control fed standard diet. The other 30 rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes by a single intravenous injection and then divided equally into three groups; the second group was the positive diabetic control; the third and the fourth groups were treated orally with 20% w/w Nigella sativa seeds methanol extract and propolis methanol extract (20% w/w), respectively. The rats of the second group showed increased glucose levels and lipid peroxide accompanied with reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase enzyme activities compared with the negative control. Carboxymethyl lysine, interleukin‐6, and immunoglobulins were also increased as a result of diabetes. Kidney function parameters were also elevated, while potassium and sodium levels were decreased. Moreover, tissues of kidney and pancreas showed severe histopathological changes. Treating the diabetic rats with Nigella sativa and propolis methanol extract in the third and fourth groups, respectively, ameliorated all altered biochemical and pathological examinations approaching the negative control. Propolis was more effective than Nigella sativa.
Mobile Anomaly Detection Based on Improved Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Yin Chunyong , Zhang Sun , Kim Kwang-jun
Published: February 2017

Anomaly detection has always been the focus of researchers and especially, the developments of mobile devices raise new challenges of anomaly detection. For example, mobile devices can keep connection with Internet and they are rarely turned off even at night. This means mobile devices can attack nodes or be attacked at night without being perceived by users and they have different characteristics from Internet behaviors. The introduction of data mining has made leaps forward in this field. Self-organizing maps, one of famous clustering algorithms, are affected by initial weight vectors and the clustering result is unstable. The optimal method of selecting initial clustering centers is transplanted from K-means to SOM. To evaluate the performance of improved SOM, we utilize diverse datasets and KDD Cup99 dataset to compare it with traditional one. The experimental results show that improved SOM can get higher accuracy rate for universal datasets. As for KDD Cup99 dataset, it achieves higher recall rate and precision rate.
Decoupling Control for Dual‐Winding Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Improved Inverse System Method
Authors: Zhu Zhiying , Sun Yukun , Yuan Ye
Published: February 2017

Dual‐winding bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM) is a multivariable high‐nonlinear system characterized by strong coupling, and it is not completely reversible. In this paper, a new decoupling control strategy based on improved inverse system method is proposed. Robust servo regulator is adopted for the decoupled plants to guarantee control performances and robustness. A phase dynamic compensation filter is also designed to improve system stability at high‐speed. In order to explain the advantages of the proposed method, traditional methods are compared. The tracking and decoupling characteristics as well as disturbance rejection and robustness are deeply analyzed. Simulation and experiments results show that the decoupling control of dual‐winding BSRM in both reversible and irreversible domains can be successfully resolved with the improved inverse system method. The stability and robustness problems induced by inverse controller can be effectively solved by introducing robust servo regulator and dynamic compensation filter.
Efficacy of Juzentaihoto for Tumor Immunotherapy in B16 Melanoma Metastasis Model
Authors: Ishikawa Shintaro , Ishikawa Takako , Tezuka Chiaki , Asano Kazuhito , Sunagawa Masataka , Hisamitsu Tadashi
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Medical care for Japanese cancer patients includes Western and Kampo medicines, and treatments with juzentaihoto (JTT) reportedly prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we examined the effects of JTT on natural killer (NK) cell activity and metastasis in combined treatments with anti‐PD‐1 antibody in a mouse model of melanoma metastasis. Methods. C57BL/6 male mice were intravenously injected with B16 melanoma cells (B16 cell) and were given chow containing 3% JTT. In subsequent in vivo experiments, we assessed serum cytokine levels and tumor colony formation in the lungs. Additionally, we assessed NK cell activity in ex vivo experiments. Results. JTT significantly suppressed B16 cell metastasis, whereas injection of anti‐asialo‐GM1 antibody into mice abrogated the inhibitory actions of JTT. JTT significantly increased interleukin‐ (IL‐) 12 and interferon‐ (IFN‐) γ levels in serum and induced NK cell activity. It increased the inhibitory actions of the anti‐PD‐1 antibody on B16 cell metastasis. Discussion. These data suggest that JTT inhibits B16 cell metastasis by inducing NK cell activity. Additionally, combination therapy with JTT and anti‐PD‐1 antibody increased treatment response rates for B16 melanoma.
Eye-Tracking as a Tool to Evaluate Functional Ability in Everyday Tasks in Glaucoma
Authors: Kasneci Enkelejda , Black Alex A. , Wood Joanne M.
Published: February 2017

To date, few studies have investigated the eye movement patterns of individuals with glaucoma while they undertake everyday tasks in real-world settings. While some of these studies have reported possible compensatory gaze patterns in those with glaucoma who demonstrated good task performance despite their visual field loss, little is known about the complex interaction between field loss and visual scanning strategies and the impact on task performance and, consequently, on quality of life. We review existing approaches that have quantified the effect of glaucomatous visual field defects on the ability to undertake everyday activities through the use of eye movement analysis. Furthermore, we discuss current developments in eye-tracking technology and the potential for combining eye-tracking with virtual reality and advanced analytical approaches. Recent technological developments suggest that systems based on eye-tracking have the potential to assist individuals with glaucomatous loss to maintain or even improve their performance on everyday tasks and hence enhance their long-term quality of life. We discuss novel approaches for studying the visual search behavior of individuals with glaucoma that have the potential to assist individuals with glaucoma, through the use of personalized programs that take into consideration the individual characteristics of their remaining visual field and visual search behavior.
Theoretical Research on Ellipsoidal Structure Methane Gas Detection Based on Near Infrared Light Sources of PbSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Xing Xiaoxue , Lei Yanmin , Shang Weiwei , Du Limin , Guo Pan
Published: February 2017

To improve the precision and sensitivity of the detection in near infrared gas detection system, the selection of light source and design of gas chamber structure are two key links. In this paper, the near infrared (NIR) light sources fabricated with PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and a new gas cell structure using an ellipsoid reflector were designed to test the concentration of methane (CH4). The double wavelengths differential detection method was used in the paper. The signal wavelength is 1.665 μm from the NIR QD-based light source with 5.1 nm PbSe QDs. The reference wavelength is 1.943 μm from the NIR QD-based light source with 6.1 nm PbSe QDs. The experimental results show that the differential gain signal could be enhanced 80 times when the major axis, the focus, and the open length of the ellipsoid reflector are 4.18 cm, 3.98 cm, and 0.36 cm, respectively. The structure will be convenient for the signal amplifying, AD converting, and other process in the latter circuits, and therefore both the detection sensitivity and precision can be improved.
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices on Epilepsy among High School Students of Central Nepal
Authors: Thapa Lekhjung , Bhandari Tirtha Raj , Shrestha Shakti , Poudel Ramesh Sharma
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Epilepsy continues to increase worldwide but, unfortunately, many high school students have inadequate knowledge of and negative beliefs towards the disease. We aimed to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of epilepsy among high school students of Central Nepal. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1360 high school students from 33 private schools across Bharatpur, from June 2013 to July 2013, to assess their knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBP) on epilepsy using a standardized questionnaire. The differences in mean KBP scores between different sexes, religions, and those personally knowing versus not knowing someone with epilepsy were assessed using independent t-tests; a Pearson correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between KBP scores and age. Results. Of 1360 participants, 79 (5.8%) students had never heard or read about epilepsy and were consequently excluded from statistical analysis. Only 261 out of 1360 (19.2%) had personally known someone with epilepsy. The mean KBP scores were 5.0/8, 7.4/12, and 1.7/3, respectively. Statistically significant differences were only observed in the knowledge component of the KBP score; female scored higher than males (p<0.001) and, interestingly, students who had personally known a person with epilepsy actually knew less than those who had not known one (p=0.018). We also found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and age (p=0.003). Conclusions. The overall knowledge, beliefs, and practices appear to be inadequate, emphasizing the need for further educational intervention.
Effect of Vacancy Defects on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of GaN
Authors: Cai Lili , Feng Cuiju
Published: February 2017

The effect of gallium vacancy (VGa) and nitrogen vacancy (VN) defects on the electronic structure and optical properties of GaN using the generalized gradient approximation method within the density functional theory were investigated. The results show that the band gap increases in GaN with vacancy defects. Crystal parameters decrease in GaN with nitrogen vacancy (GaN:VN) and increase in GaN with gallium vacancy (GaN:VGa). The Ga vacancy introduces defect levels at the top of the valence band, and the defect levels are contributed by N2p electron states. In addition, the energy band shifts to lower energy in GaN:VNand moves to higher energy in GaN:VGa. The level splitting is observed in the N2p states of GaN:VNand Ga3d states of GaN:VGa. New peaks appear in lower energy region of imaginary dielectric function in GaN:VNand GaN:VGa. The main peak moves to higher energy slightly and the intensity decreases.
Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Associated with Mycobacterium abscessus in South China: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Ye-sheng , Li Qi-wei , Zhou Lin , Guan Run-feng , Zhou Xiang-ming , Wu Ji-hong , Rao Nan-yan , Zhu Shuang
Published: February 2017

Mycobacteria, which are known as rapidly growing bacteria, are pathogens that are responsible for cutaneous or subcutaneous infections that especially occur after injection, trauma, or surgery. In this report, we describe a species of Mycobacterium abscessus that was isolated from a breast abscess in a patient who was previously diagnosed with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). This current case is the first ever presented case of GLM associated with M. abscessus documented in South China. The case presentation highlights the role of M. abscessus in GLM. The association of M. abscessus and GLM is discussed and a summary of breast infection due to Mycobacteria is given.
Dynamics, Circuit Design, and Synchronization of a New Chaotic System with Closed Curve Equilibrium
Authors: Wang Xiong , Pham Viet-Thanh , Volos Christos
Published: February 2017

After the report of chaotic flows with line equilibrium, there has been much attention to systems with uncountable equilibria in the past five years. This work proposes a new system with an infinite number of equilibrium points located on a closed curve. It is worth noting that the new system generates chaotic behavior as well as hidden attractors. Dynamics of the system with closed curve equilibrium have been investigated by using phase portraits, bifurcation diagram, maximal Lyapunov exponents, and Kaplan–York dimension. In addition, we introduce an electronic implementation of the theoretical system to verify its feasibility. Antisynchronization ability of the new system with infinite equilibria is studied by applying an adaptive control. This study suggests that there exist other chaotic systems with uncountable equilibria in need of further investigation.
Multicriteria Adaptive Observers for Singular Systems with Unknown Time‐Varying Parameters
Authors: Kwon Wookyong , Ban Jaepil , Han Soohee , Lee Chong Soo , Won Sangchul
Published: February 2017

This paper proposes multicriteria adaptive observers for a class of singular systems with unknown time‐varying parameters. Two criteria for the H∞ disturbance attenuation level and the upper bound of an ultimate invariant set are scalarized into a single cost function and then it is minimized by varying the weight parameter, which creates the optimal trade‐off curve or Pareto optimal points. The proposed multicriteria adaptive observers are shown to be able to easily include integral action for better robust performance. It is demonstrated with numerical simulations that the proposed multicriteria adaptive observers provide the good estimation accuracy and allow effective and compromising design by considering two different cost functions simultaneously.
Photodynamic Efficiency of Xanthene Dyes and Their Phototoxicity against a Carcinoma Cell Line: A Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Buck Suelen T. G. , Bettanin Fernanda , Orestes Ednilson , Homem-de-Mello Paula , Imasato Hidetake , Viana Rommel B. , Perussi Janice R. , da Silva Albérico B. F.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to assess the insights of molecular properties of the xanthene dyes [fluorescein (FL), Rose Bengal (RB), erythrosin B (EB), and eosin Y (EY)] to correlate systematically their photodynamic efficiency as well as their phototoxicity against a carcinoma cell line. The phototoxicity was evaluated by comparing the values of the medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) upon HEp-2 cells with the xanthene corresponding photodynamic activity using the uric acid as a chemical dosimeter and their octanol-water partition coefficient (log⁡P).RBwas the more cytotoxic dye against HEp-2 cell line and the most efficient photosensitizer in causing photoxidation of uric acid; nevertheless it was the only one characterized as being hydrophobic among the xanthenes studied here. On the other hand, it was observed that the halogen substituents increased the hydrophilicity and photodynamic activity, consistent with the cytotoxic experiments. Furthermore, the reactivity index parameters, electric dipole moment, molecular volume, and the frontier orbitals were also obtained by the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The lowest dipole moment and highest molecular volume ofRBcorroborate with its highest hydrophobicity due to heavy atom substituents like halogens, while the halogen substituents did not affect expressively the electronic features at all.
An Empirical Framework for Intersection Optimization Based on Uniform Design
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Daniel Jian , Kondyli Alexandra
Published: February 2017

Operational performance optimization of signalized intersections is one of the most important tasks for traffic engineers and researchers. To compensate for the limitations of practical implementation, simulation software packages have been widely used to evaluate different optimization strategies and thus to improve the efficiency of the intersections as well as the entire network. However, for the existing optimization studies on signalized intersections, the relationships among various optimization measures and the combination of strategies have not been fully investigated. In this paper, uniform design experimentation was introduced to combine different optimization measures into strategies and achieve the minimum time cost in model construction. VISSIM software package was then calibrated and used to evaluate various optimization strategies and identify the one with the best measurement of performance, namely, control delay at the signalized intersection. By taking a representative congested intersection in Shanghai as a case study, the optimal strategy was identified to reduce the overall control delay by 27.3%, which further verified the modeling capability of the proposed method.
Interactive Palliative and End-of-Life Care Modules for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Ross Mindy K. , Doshi Ami , Carrasca London , Pian Patricia , Auger JoAnne , Baker Amira , Proudfoot James A. , Pian Mark S.
Published: February 2017

Background. There is a need for increased palliative care training during pediatric residency.Objective. In this pilot study, we created a comprehensive experiential model to teach palliative care skills to pediatric residents. Our Comfort Care Modules (CCMs) address pediatric palliative care (PPC) topics of breaking bad news, dyspnea, anxiety, pain management, and the dying child. We also evaluated a scoring system and gathered qualitative data.Methods. The CCMs are part of the University of California San Diego pediatric residency’s second-year curriculum. Comparisons were made for statistical trends between residents exposed to the modules(n=15)and those not exposed(n=4).Results. Nineteen of 36 residents (52%) completed surveys to self-rate their preparedness, knowledge, and confidence about PPC before and after the intervention. Resident scores increased in all areas. All improvements reached statistical significance except confidence when breaking bad news. Overall, the resident feedback about the CCMs was positive.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that the CCMs can be performed effectively in an academic setting and can benefit residents’ self-perception of preparedness, confidence, and knowledge about pediatric palliative care. In the future, we plan to implement the modules on a larger scale. We encourage their use in interprofessional settings and across institutions.
Relationship between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Apelin, and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Xu Shu , Zhang Jian , Xu Yin-li , Wu Hai-bo , Xue Xiao-dong , Wang Hui-shan
Published: February 2017

It has been shown that inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and apelin have a close relationship with inflammation and oxidative stress. The effect of ACE and apelin on POAF after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) remains a question. The concentrations of serum ACE, angiotensin II (Ang II), apelin, bradykinin (BK), malondialdehyde (MDA), and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in the perioperative period of OPCABG. The levels of serum ACE in the POAF group were higher than in the no POAF group both preoperatively and postoperatively. Apelin in the POAF group was lower than in the no POAF group. There was a correlation between serum ACE and apelin. Postoperatively, CRP and MDA in the POAF group were higher than in the no POAF group; however, there was no difference before the operation. Preoperative ACE and apelin were both significant and independent risk factors for POAF. In conclusion, the high ACE and low apelin preoperatively led to CRP and MDA being increased postoperatively, which was probably associated with POAF after OPCABG. Apelin may be a new predictor for POAF.
Pulling a Ligase out of a “HAT”: pCAF Mediates Ubiquitination of the Class II Transactivator
Authors: Morgan Julie E. , Greer Susanna F.
Published: February 2017

The Class II Transactivator (CIITA) is essential to the regulation of Major Histocompatibility Class II (MHC II) genes transcription. As the “master regulator” of MHC II transcription, CIITA regulation is imperative and requires various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in order to facilitate its role. Previously we identified various ubiquitination events on CIITA. Monoubiquitination is important for CIITA transactivity, while K63 linked ubiquitination is involved in crosstalk with ERK1/2 phosphorylation, where together they mediate cellular movement from the cytoplasm to nuclear region. Further, CIITA is also modified by degradative K48 polyubiquitination. However, the E3 ligase responsible for these modifications was unknown. We show CIITA ubiquitination and transactivity are enhanced with the histone acetyltransferase (HAT), p300/CBP associated factor (pCAF), and the E3 ligase region within pCAF is necessary for both. Additionally, pCAF mediated ubiquitination is independent of pCAF’s HAT domain, and acetylation deficient CIITA is K48 polyubiquitinated and degraded in the presence of pCAF. Lastly, we identify the histone acetyltransferase, pCAF, as the E3 ligase responsible for CIITA’s ubiquitination.
UDP-Induced Phagocytosis and ATP-Stimulated Chemotactic Migration Are Impaired inSTIM1−/−Microglia In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lim Hye Min , Woon Heo , Han Jung Woo , Baba Yoshihiro , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Lee Min Goo , Kim Joo Young
Published: February 2017

STIM1 is the only currently known intracellular calcium sensor that functions as the calcium influx regulator controlling immune cell activation. STIM1 function in immune cell calcium signalling has been studied extensively; however, its role in microglia, innate immune cells in brain, has not been fully understood. Here, we report thatSTIM1−/−murine microglia lost store-operated calcium influx and displayed aberrant immunological functions. Microglial functions regulated by chronic and globalCa2+ichanges were reduced significantly, including cytokine releases and opsonin-dependent phagocytosis. More dramatically, cellular functions governed by Ca2+regulation in local microdomains at the cell periphery, such as UDP-induced phagocytosis and ATP-stimulated chemotactic migration, were severely reduced inSTIM1−/−microglia. Interestingly, UDP-induced Orai1 mobilization to the peripheral region was greatly attenuated inSTIM1−/−microglia. Their chemotactic migration defect was reproduced in vivo in embryonic brain; the aggregated number ofSTIM1−/−microglia in LPS- (lipopolysaccharide-) injected lesions was much smaller than that in wild-type microglia. Furthermore, the neuron phagoptosis activities of activated microglia were significantly diminished in theSTIM1−/−microglia. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that STIM1-mediated store-operated calcium entry is important for the regulation of globalCa2+ichanges which differentiates into active immune state of microglia, but it is more crucial for the regulation of local [Ca2+] microdomains which mediates the acute motility of murine microglia.
Syndecan-1 Acts as an Important Regulator of CXCL1 Expression and Cellular Interaction of Human Endometrial Stromal and Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Baston-Buest Dunja Maria , Altergot-Ahmad Olga , Pour Sarah Jean , Krüssel Jan-Steffen , Markert Udo Rudolf , Fehm Tanja Natascha , Bielfeld Alexandra Petra
Published: February 2017

Successful implantation of the embryo into the human receptive endometrium is substantial for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy. This study focusses on the role of Syndecan-1 at the embryo-maternal interface, the multitasking coreceptor influencing ligand concentration, release and receptor presentation, and cellular morphology. CXC motif ligand 1, being involved in chemotaxis and angiogenesis during implantation, is of special interest as a ligand of Syndecan-1. Human endometrial stromal cells with and without Syndecan-1 knock-down were decidualized and treated with specific inhibitors to evaluate signaling pathways regulating CXC ligand 1 expression. Western blot analyses of MAPK and Wnt members were performed, followed by analysis of spheroid interactions between human endometrial cells and extravillous trophoblast cells. By mimicking embryo contact using IL-1β, we showed less ERK and c-Jun activation by depletion of Syndecan-1 and less Frizzled 4 production as part of the canonical Wnt pathway. Additionally, more beta-catenin was phosphorylated and therefore degraded after depletion of Syndecan-1. Secretion of CXC motif ligand 1 depends on MEK-1 with respect to Syndecan-1. Regarding the interaction of endometrial and trophoblast cells, the spheroid center-to-center distances were smaller after depletion of Syndecan-1. Therefore, Syndecan-1 seems to affect signaling processes relevant to signaling and intercellular interaction at the trophoblast-decidual interface.