bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Science, Risk Perception, and Infidelity
Authors: Zapien Nicolle Marie
Published: January 2017

Decision scientists have revealed and described, through empirical study, the ways in which we tend to make decisions, and in particular, the ways we make decisions under conditions of uncertainty and that involve risk. The findings from these studies demonstrate the heuristics we use in making judgments and ways in which we process information compared with subject matter experts and logical and statistical principles. These findings have been applied to public policy issues and environmental safety, among other areas of social and political import, but have largely not been applied to our understanding of important personal decisions that are also made under uncertainty and risk and which have important personal and sometimes social consequences. This article aims to consider extra-marital affairs as an example of a personal decision that is made under uncertainty and with risk, and to apply decision science models to the decision-making that occurs in these cases. The hope is that decision scientists, psychologists, and clinicians who treat instances of infidelity, as well as the public, can benefit from what is known about how these decisions are made, which so often lead to regret. Theoretical implications for other personal decisions made under uncertainty with risk will be discussed.
Nurse Overtime, Working Conditions, and the Presence of Mandatory Nurse Overtime Regulations
Authors: Bae Sung-Heui
Published: January 2017

Although more states have regulated mandatory nurse overtime, limited research has examined the impact of these regulations on the actual time nurses work and their working conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare nurse overtime and working conditions between states with and states without regulations limiting mandatory nurse overtime. Data were collected from registered nurses working in hospitals located in states with and without mandatory nurse overtime regulations; the final sample consisted of 219 nurses. No difference was found in overtime worked between nurses who worked in states with regulations or without. Those nurses working in states with regulations cared for more patients per shift and experienced more chronic nursing shortages on their nursing units than those working in states without regulation. Continuous efforts are needed to improve the implementation of regulations to reduce nurse mandatory overtime and long work hours.
Demographic Challenges across the European Union Member States
Authors: Megyesiová Silvia , Hajduová Zuzana
Published: January 2017

The Member States of the European Union are undergoing major demographic changes; these changes are slow but significant. The demographic picture in the EU-27 is clearer: population growth is mainly the result of immigration, fertility is far below the replacement ratio, and the population is growing older, which will be a key demographic challenge in many Member States. All the actual demographic trends will have consequences for health care systems.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Olszewski Kimberly , Wolf Debra
Published: January 2017

Commercial motor vehicle driving is a hazardous occupation, having the third highest fatality rate among common U.S. jobs. Among the estimated 14 million U.S. commercial motor vehicle drivers, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is reported to be 17% to 28%. Despite the identified increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among commercial motor vehicle drivers, federal law does not require that they be screened for obstructive sleep apnea. This article presents an evidence-based practice change project; the authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a screening program to identify commercial motor vehicle drivers' risk for obstructive sleep apnea during commercial driver medical examinations. The results of this practice change indicated screening for obstructive sleep apnea during the commercial driver medical examination led to improved identification of obstructive sleep apnea risk among commercial motor vehicle drivers and should be a clinical standard in occupational health clinics.
Occupational Chemical Exposures among Cosmetologists
Authors: Pak Victoria M. , Powers Martha , Liu Jianghong
Published: January 2017

More research is needed to understand possible occupational reproductive risks for cosmetologists, specifically hairdressers and nail technicians, two occupations that often share workspace and exposure to hair dyes and nail polish. Cosmetologists are predominantly females of reproductive age; thus, they may be at higher risk for the effects of exposure to reproductive toxins. The purpose of this article is to inform nurses and public health professionals about occupational exposures for cosmetologists and discuss interventions to reduce the risks of reproductive disorders among susceptible worker populations.
A Measure of Supervisory Power: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Mir Parvez A. , Bhasin Jaya , Rasool Gowhar
Published: January 2017

Post economic reforms, organisations in India have undergone consistent experimentation with organizational structuring and strategies. These visible radical changes have also influenced the hidden power equations in the organizational setups. In an attempt to revisit present day power dynamics, this study was conducted to validate the existing power inventory scale with 11 dimensions, in Indian context. Further, 6 items were also added to the existing scale in order to investigate two additional powers vis-a- vis Negative Referent and Negative Expert power which have not been incorporated and measured in the previous scales of organizational power.

In order to confirm the scale, employees response (N=385) from IT sector on 13 dimensions of power scale was collected and analysed using SPSS for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and AMOS for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) first and second order.

In the first stage of analysis, the 39 items of 13 dimension power scale post analysis were factorized to 20 items and 6 factor structure. The overall tests for reliability and validity (Cronbach’s Alpha, KMO-Bartlett) of the scale indicated positive results .The CFA results (Composite Reliability, Average Variance Extracted and Discriminant Validity) showed acceptable internal consistency reliability for the overall supervisory power scale. Out of the 6 items that were developed for Negative Referent and Negative Expert power, 5 items of the same consolidated into one factor which was labelled as Negative Power.

Organizations and Supervisors interested in understanding and taking deeper insights of power and its influence in organizational settings can use this scale to comprehend the dyadic relationship amongst supervisor and subordinate.

This study is first hand investigation to understand power dimensions in Indian IT sector. Further, it provides a comprehensive scale for the researchers who want to explore the power dynamics in different organizational settings as a base for future study.
Long-Term Liver Diseases after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients with and without HBV or HCV Coinfection
Authors: Phusanti Sithakom , Manosudprasit Kwanhatai , Sungkanuparph Somnuek
Published: January 2017

Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) with HIV is common and associated with increased mortality and increased risk of progression to chronic liver disease. We aimed to study long-term liver diseases after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients with and without HBV or HCV coinfection. A retrospective cohort of 92 patients (32 patients with HBV and/or HCV coinfection) was analyzed. Overall mean age was 38.3 years, and 54.3% were males. Immunological and virological responses were similar between the 2 groups ( P > .05). During a median follow-up period of 6.1 years, 12 (13.0%) patients had liver diseases. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the coinfection group had a significantly higher probability of developing liver diseases after ART (log-rank test, P < .001). Among the subgroup of 32 patients with coinfection, patients who were initiated ART at CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 had a higher rate of liver diseases compared to those who were initiated ART at CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm3 (42.3% versus 16.7%; P = .004).
We’ve Been Framed! A Focus on Identity and Interaction for a Better Vision of Racialized Social Movements
Authors: Hughey Matthew W.
Published: January 2017

Social movement scholarship has historically focused on both relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. In recent years, the field has shifted attention to concentrate on “framing.” Despite this move, less attention has been paid to both racialized scripts of microlevel interaction and the processes of identity formation that constitute the nuance of everyday lived experiences of collective action. Drawing from comparative ethnographic studies with a white nationalist organization and a white antiracist organization, I demonstrate how a conventional frame analysis—in which both movements construct a problem and assign blame, propose a prognostic strategy and tactic, and offer a rationale for action—would leave us with a bifurcated picture of two distinct and antagonistic movements and actors that share little in common. By shifting attention to interactional scripts and identity formation, we are better positioned to specify the empirical mechanisms by which collective action occurs; clarify the operation of racism (rather than simply describe its effects); avoid reification of frames; circumvent the reduction of structural dynamics to cognitive dilemmas, and accurately depict the intersubjectively shared scenarios, dramaturgical rules, and collective processes of group boundary making that constitute the everyday experience of movement actors. Importantly, we can then reveal patterned similarities between two groups that framing analysis would depict as incommensurate and antagonistic but that together ultimately rationalize and legitimate the reproduction of white supremacy regardless of resource attainment, political ideology, or frame alignment.
Up-regulation of CB2 receptors in reactive astrocytes in canine degenerative myelopathy, a disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fernández-Trapero María , Espejo-Porras Francisco , Rodríguez-Cueto Carmen , Coates Joan R. , Pérez-Díaz Carmen , de Lago Eva , Fernández-Ruiz Javier
Published: January 2017

Targeting the CB2 receptor afforded neuroprotection in SOD1G93A mutant mice, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The neuroprotective effects of CB2 receptors were facilitated by their up-regulation in the spinal cord in SOD1G93A mutant mice. Herein, we have investigated whether a similar CB2 receptor up-regulation, as well as parallel changes in other endocannabinoid elements, are evident in the spinal cord of dogs with degenerative myelopathy (DM), caused from mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1). We used well-characterized post-mortem spinal cords from unaffected and DM-affected dogs. Tissues were used first to confirm the loss of motor neurons using Nissl staining, which was accompanied by glial reactivity (elevated GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity). Next, we investigated possible differences in the expression of endocannabinoid genes measured by qPCR between DM-affected and control dogs. We found no changes in the CB1 receptor (also found with CB1 receptor immunostaining) as well as in NAPE-PLD, DAGL, FAAH and MAGL enzymes. In contrast, CB2 receptor levels were significantly elevated in DM-affected dogs determined by qPCR and Western-blotting, results reconfirmed in the grey matter using CB2 receptor immunostaining. Using double-labelling immunofluorescence, CB2 receptor immunolabelling co-localized with GFAP but not Iba-1, indicating up-regulation of CB2 receptors on astrocytes in DM-affected dogs. In summary, our results demonstrated a marked up-regulation of CB2 receptors occurring in the spinal cord in canine DM, which was concentrated in activated astrocytes. Such receptors may be used as a potential target to enhance the neuroprotective effects exerted by these glial cells.
Clasp2 ensures mitotic fidelity and prevents differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Shahbazi Marta N. , Peña-Jimenez Daniel , Antonucci Francesca , Drosten Matthias , Perez-Moreno Mirna
Published: January 2017

Epidermal homeostasis is tightly controlled by a balancing act of self-renewal or terminal differentiation of proliferating basal keratinocytes. An increase in DNA content as a consequence of a mitotic block is a recognized mechanism underlying keratinocyte differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not yet fully understood. Using cultured primary keratinocytes, here we report that the expression of the mammalian microtubule and kinetochore-associated protein Clasp2 is intimately associated with the basal proliferative makeup of keratinocytes, and its deficiency leads to premature differentiation. Clasp2-deficient keratinocytes exhibit increased centrosomal numbers and numerous mitotic alterations, including multipolar spindles and chromosomal misalignments that overall result in mitotic stress and a high DNA content. Such mitotic block prompts premature keratinocyte differentiation in a p53-dependent manner in the absence of cell death. Our findings reveal a new role for Clasp2 in governing keratinocyte undifferentiated features and highlight the presence of surveillance mechanisms that prevent cell cycle entry in cells that have alterations in the DNA content.
Right-to-left shunt has modest effects on CO2 delivery to the gut during digestion, but compromises oxygen delivery
Authors: Malte Christian Lind , Malte Hans , Reinholdt Lærke Rønlev , Findsen Anders , Hicks James W. , Wang Tobias
Published: January 2017

By virtue of their cardiovascular anatomy, reptiles and amphibians can shunt blood away from the pulmonary or systemic circuits, but the functional role of this characteristic trait remains unclear. It has been suggested that right-to-left (R-L) shunt (recirculation of systemic blood within the body) fuels the gastric mucosa with acidified and CO2-rich blood to facilitate gastric acid secretion during digestion. However, in addition to elevating PCO2, R-L shunt also reduces arterial O2 levels and would compromise O2 delivery during the increased metabolic state of digestion. Conversely, arterial PCO2 can also be elevated by lowering ventilation relative to metabolism (i.e. reducing the air-convection requirement, ACR). Based on a mathematical analysis of the relative roles of ACR and R-L shunt on O2 and CO2 levels, we predict that ventilatory modifications are much more effective for gastric CO2 supply with only modest effects on oxygen delivery. Conversely, elevating CO2 levels by means of R-L shunt would come at a cost of significant reductions in O2 levels. The different effects of altering ACR and R-L shunt on O2 and CO2 levels, is explained by the differences in the effective blood capacitance coefficients.
Warm-preconditioning protects against acute heat-induced respiratory dysfunction and delays bleaching in a symbiotic sea anemone
Authors: Hawkins Thomas D. , Warner Mark E.
Published: January 2017

Preconditioning to non-stressful warming can protect some symbiotic cnidarians against the high temperature-induced collapse of their mutualistic endosymbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), a process known as bleaching. Here, we sought to determine if such preconditioning is underpinned by differential regulation of aerobic respiration. We quantified in vivo metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity in the naturally symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida preconditioned to 30°C for>7 weeks as well as anemones kept at 26°C. Preconditioning resulted in increased Symbiodinium photosynthetic activity and holobiont (host+symbiont) respiration rates. Biomass-normalised activities of host respiratory enzymes (citrate synthase and the mitochondrial electron transport chain [mETC] complexes I and IV) were higher in preconditioned animals, suggesting that increased holobiont respiration may have been due to host mitochondrial biogenesis and/or enlargement. Subsequent acute heating of preconditioned and “thermally naïve” animals to 33°C induced dramatic increases in host mETC complex I and Symbiodinium mETC complex II activities only in thermally naïve E. pallida. These changes were not reflected in the activities of other respiratory enzymes. Furthermore, bleaching in preconditioned E. pallida (defined as the significant loss of symbionts) was delayed by several days relative to the thermally naïve group. These findings suggest that changes to mitochondrial biogenesis and/or function in symbiotic cnidarians during warm-preconditioning might play a protective role during periods of exposure to stressful heating.
Ligand Exchange Reaction of (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16] with Diphenyl Diselenide
Authors: Tajima Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Shoko , Sakamoto Yuta , Takagi Shoji , Nakaya Toshitaka , Takaguchi Yutaka , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: January 2017

The reaction of (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16] (1) with diphenyl diselenide (2) in propionitrile afforded a molecular cluster, (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SePh)16] (3), the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. Ligand exchange proceeded in a heterogeneous reaction system, and the use of a less polar solvent appeared to be crucial for the synthesis of 3 to prevent degradation of the Cd10S4Se16 cluster core.
Arterial Ventricular Uncoupling With Age and Disease and Recoupling With Exercise
Authors: Chantler Paul D.
Published: January 2017

The deterioration in arterial and cardiac function with aging impairs arterial ventricular coupling, an important determinant of cardiovascular performance. However, exercise training improves arterial ventricular coupling especially during exercise. This review examines the concept of arterial-ventricular coupling and how age and disease uncouples, but exercise training recouples, the heart and arterial system.
Hypertensive Medications in Competitive Athletes
Authors: Pelto Henry
Published: January 2017

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in athletes. It is an important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality, even in a fit, athletic population. Management options to reduce these long-term risks exist that have minimal impact on athletic performance. Identification and management of underlying lifestyle factors and diseases that may lead to secondary hypertension is critical. These include substance abuse, medications, and underlying medical conditions. After evaluation and management of these issues, medications can be used to reduce blood pressure. In the athletic population, first-line medication treatment should include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), and calcium channel blockers (CCB). The response to treatment should be followed closely to ensure adequate blood pressure control. Athletic participation in sports with high dynamic load should be limited in individuals with stage 2 hypertension or stage 1 hypertension with evidence of end organ damage.
Update on Management of Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Athletes
Authors: Yardley Jane E. , Colberg Sheri R.
Published: January 2017

Optimal blood glucose management still remains the biggest challenge in active individuals with diabetes, particularly in insulin users, but some newer strategies have been introduced to maintain blood glucose control. Recent studies emphasize the importance of exercise intensity on glycemic balance. In individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both resistance and high-intensity intermittent exercise have been shown to confer beneficial physiological adaptations in training studies, while also showing acute glycemic benefits from single sessions. At the same time, anyone training at higher intensities also should take into consideration potential impairments in thermoregulation in individuals with diabetes, which can increase the risk of heat stress during exercise in hot and/or humid conditions. Recent studies of medication effects on electrolyte balance and hydration give a more complete picture of potential exercise risks for athletes with diabetes. Use of the latest diabetes-related technologies also may benefit the athlete with diabetes.
Alzheimer's Disease and Exercise: A Literature Review
Authors: Cass Shane P.
Published: January 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs memory and cognitive judgment. It is the leading cause of dementia in late adult life and is associated with a significant social burden and increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Because of mixed effectiveness of medications, exercise has been considered as a treatment for pre-clinical AD, late stage AD, and as a prevention strategy. Exercise appears to improve brain blood flow, increase hippocampal volume, and improve neurogenesis. Prospective studies indicate that physical inactivity is one of the most common preventable risk factors for developing AD and that higher physical activity levels are associated with a reduced risk of development of disease. Exercise as a treatment for AD shows improvement in cognitive function, decreased neuropsychiatric symptoms, and a slower decline in activities of daily living (ADL). Exercise has been shown to have fewer side effects and better adherence compared to medications.
APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo
Authors: Snyder Elizabeth M. , McCarty Christopher , Mehalow Adrienne , Svenson Karen L. , Murray Stephen A. , Korstanje Ron , Braun Robert E.
Published: January 2017

Editing of the human and murine ApoB mRNA by APOBEC1, the catalytic enzyme of the protein complex that catalyzes C-to-U RNA editing, creates an internal stop codon within the APOB coding sequence, generating two protein isoforms. It has been long held that APOBEC1-mediated editing activity is dependent on the RNA binding protein A1CF. The function of A1CF in adult tissues has not been reported because a previously reported null allele displays embryonic lethality. This work aimed to address the function of A1CF in adult mouse tissues using a conditional A1cf allele. Unexpectedly, A1cf-null mice were viable and fertile with modest defects in hematopoietic, immune, and metabolic parameters. C-to-U RNA editing was quantified for multiple targets, including ApoB, in the small intestine and liver. In all cases, no changes in RNA editing efficiency were observed. Blood plasma analysis demonstrated a male-specific increase in solute concentration and increased cellularity in the glomeruli of male A1cf-null mice. Urine analysis showed a reduction in solute concentration, suggesting abnormal water homeostasis and possible kidney abnormalities exclusive to the male. Computational identification of kidney C-to-U editing sites from polyadenylated RNA-sequencing identified a number of editing sites exclusive to the kidney. However, molecular analysis of kidney C-to-U editing showed no changes in editing efficiency with A1CF loss. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that A1CF does not act as the APOBEC1 complementation factor in vivo under normal physiological conditions and suggests new roles for A1CF, specifically within the male adult kidney.
Characterization of BRCA1/2 mutations in patients with family history of breast cancer in Armenia
Authors: Atshemyan Sofi , Chavushyan Andranik , Berberian Nerses , Sahakyan Arthur , Zakharyan Roksana , Arakelyan Arsen
Published: January 2017

Background. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. The germline mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the most significant and well characterized genetic risk factors for hereditary breast cancer. Intensive research in the last decades has demonstrated that the incidence of mutations varies widely among different populations. In this study we attempted to perform a pilot study for identification and characterization of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among Armenian patients with family history of breast cancer and their healthy relatives. Methods. We performed targeted exome sequencing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 6 patients and their healthy relatives. After alignment of short reads to the reference genome, germline single nucleotide variation and indel discovery was performed using GATK software. Functional implications of identified variants were assessed using ENSEMBL Variant Effect Predictor tool. Results. In total, 39 single nucleotide variations and 4 indels were identified, from which 15 SNPs and 3 indels were novel. No known pathogenic mutations were identified, but 2 SNPs causing missense amino acid mutations had significantly increased frequencies in the study group compared to the 1000 Genome populations. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the importance of screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants in the Armenian population in order to identity specifics of mutation spectrum and frequencies and enable accurate risk assessment of hereditary breast cancers.
AR2, a novel automatic artifact reduction software method for ictal EEG interpretation: Validation and comparison of performance with commercially available software
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Vangala Sitaram , Moy Stephanie , Wyeth Dale H , Orosz Iren , Gibbs Michael , Schrader Lara , Lerner Jason , Cheng Christopher K , Chang Edward , Rajaraman Rajsekar , Keselman Inna , Churchman Perdro , Bower-Baca Christine , Numis Adam L , Ho Michael G , Rao Lekha , Bhat Annapoorna , Suski Joanna , Asadollahi Marjan , Ambrose Timothy , Fernandez Andres , Nei Maromi , Skidmore Christopher , Mintzer Scott , Eliashiv Dawn S , Mathern Gary W , Nuwer Marc R , Sperling Michael , Engel Jr Jerome , Stern John M
Published: January 2017

Objective: To develop a novel software method (AR2) for reducing muscle contamination of ictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), and validate this method on the basis of its performance in comparison to a commercially available software method (AR1) to accurately depict seizure-onset location.

Methods: A blinded investigation used 23 EEG recordings of seizures from 8 patients. Each recording was uninterpretable with digital filtering because of muscle artifact and processed using AR1 and AR2 and reviewed by 26 EEG specialists. EEG readers assessed seizure-onset time, lateralization, and region, and specified confidence for each determination. The two methods were validated on the basis of the number of readers able to render assignments, confidence, the intra-class correlation (ICC), and agreement with other clinical findings.

Results: Among the 23 seizures, two-thirds of the readers were able to delineate seizure-onset time in 10 of 23 using AR1, and 15 of 23 using AR2 (p<0.01). Fewer readers could lateralize seizure-onset (p<0.05). The confidence measures of the assignments were low (probable-unlikely), but increased using AR2 (p<0.05). The ICC for identifying the time of seizure-onset was 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.18) using AR1 and 0.26 (95% CI 0.21-0.30) using AR2.  The EEG interpretations were often consistent with behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuro-radiological findings, with left sided assignments correct in 95.9% (CI 85.7-98.9%, n=4) of cases using AR2.

Conclusions: EEG artifact reduction methods for localizing seizure-onset does not result in high rates of interpretability, reader confidence, and inter-reader agreement. However, the assignments by groups of readers are often congruent with other clinical data. Utilization of the AR2 software method may improve the validity of ictal EEG artifact reduction.
Metasubject and Personal Results of Education: Problems of Introducing
Authors: �����  , Golub G. , �����  , Kogan E. , ������  , Fishman I.
Published: January 2017

The article presents analysis of the requirements of the FSES on the levels of General education to personal and metasubject educational outcomes. The basis for the analysis of requirements of the FSES is the controllability of the process of formation of metasubject and personal educational outcomes at the level of educational institutions, and educational systems. It is obvious that the management of the process of educational outcomes formation implies the possibility to defi ne specifi c educational outcomes of the stage, year of study, topic / section, lesson / extracurricular activities and implement formative and summative assessment of the results. This demands the operationalization of the FSES requirements for the purpose of building up and evaluation. The attempt of such operationalization is proposed in the paper and supplied with examples. The article contains correlation requirements of the new standard to personal and metasubject educational results with education results traditionally accepted in didactics. It is revealed that a signifi cant portion of metasubject educational outcomes represent the key (general) competencies of students, i.e., assigned universal ways of activity in the fi eld of information, communication, problem-solving (self-management). The results have been obtained in the framework of the state task of Russian Ministry of Education for the Federal Institute for Education Development on the theme �Organizational-methodical maintenance of process of formation of metasubject and personal outcomes of students in accordance with FSES of elementary, primary and secondary schools�.
Research of Disperse Composition of Air-and-Water Mix Generated by Ejector Aeration System During Wastewater Floatation Treatment
Authors: Ксенофонтов  , Ksyenofontov Boris , Антонова  , Antonova E.
Published: January 2017

The process of waste water treatment by floatation using ejector system of aeration has been considered in this paper. The system’s main shortcoming has been noted: receipt of large bubbles with a diameter about 1 mm, that not always allows get a high performance of cleaning. It has been noted that the most effectively the process of floatation treatment for industrial sewage from fine pollutions is performed when the bubbles’ sizes are less than 100 microns, and when there is a big range of pollutions in water it is reasonable to receive the bubbles with a wide disperse structure. The carried-out overview of Russian and foreign sources has demonstrated that the main shortcomings of existing dispersion devices used for crushing of the bubbles generated by the ejector is insufficient dispersion extent in case of low gas content, work instability, technology complexity. For sewage treatment process intensification and remedial action of the existing devices has been offered a combined aeration system consisting of ejector and original dispersing device. On laboratory installation have been conducted experimental studies on determination of disperse composition for air-and-water mix generated by the offered aeration system. The received results confirm a possibility for receipt of fine bubbles in the range of 20–300 microns with a degree of bubbles of fraction less than 100 microns up to 80 %, and with an average diameter of 60–80 microns. A feature of the bubbles’ disperse structure has been noted: allocation from it several groups of bubbles with different values of average diameters. This feature can be used for intensification of process for water treatment from pollutions with various floatability degrees. Dependences of researched characteristics on dispersant’s diameter and height have been presented. They allow perform a choice of dispersant’s geometrical parameters for receipt of the air-and-water mix’s required disperse composition aimed to management of floatation process.
Calculation Model of Photochemical Reactor with a Pulse Xenon Lamp for Water Treatment
Authors: Ивашкин  , Ivashkin A. , Новиков  , Novikov D. , Камруков  , Kamrukov A. , Малков  , Malkov K.
Published: January 2017

A calculation model of the photochemical reactor based on a pulse xenon lamp and intended for water treatment from

microbiological or chemical pollutants has been developed and realized. The model includes several calculation modules, each

one describes the basic physical processes ongoing in the photochemical reactor: current’s form calculation module, pollutant’s

particles trajectories calculation module, pulse lamp’s radiating characteristics calculation module, module for photometric

calculation, determining an energy radiation dose of pollutant particles. Calculation of lamp’s radiating characteristics is based

on ideas of gas discharge physics and on a number of empirical dependences, for calculation of other parameters has been used

the numerical simulation. Model verification has been carried out by comparison of calculated and experimental efficiencies for

two types of photochemical reactors’ designs with use of the known pollutant. The developed calculation model allows perform

multi-parameter optimization for designs and regime parameters of pulse photochemical reactors for the purpose of increase their

energy efficiency, and level of water treatment from various chemical and biological pollutants.
Pricing in Competitive Search Markets: The Roles of Price Information and Fairness Perceptions
Authors: Anbarci Nejat , Feltovich Nick
Published: January 2017

We use a competitive search (price-posting) framework to experimentally examine how buyer information and fairness perceptions affect market behavior. We observe that moving from zero to one uninformed buyers leads to higher prices in both 2 (seller)×2 (buyer) and 2 × 3 markets: the former as predicted under standard preferences, the latter the opposite of the theoretical prediction. Perceptions of fair prices—elicited in the experiment—are a powerful driver of behavior. For buyers, fair prices correlate with price responsiveness, which varies systematically across treatments and impacts sellers’ pricing incentives. For sellers, fair prices correlate with underpricing, which also varies systematically across treatments.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2620 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Spontaneous extrusion of gallstones after percutaneous drainage
Authors: Hariharan D , Lobo DN
Published: January 2017

There have been reports of late discharge of gallstones through operative wounds after spillage into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and after the development of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulae. However, spontaneous discharge of gallstones from the tract of a percutaneous cholecystostomy or percutaneous drainage of a perforated gall bladder has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported previously. We report a case in which a patient who had a percutaneous drain inserted for a perforated gall bladder discharged 34 gallstones from the tract after removal of the 7-F pigtail catheter.
Creating public value through caring for place
Authors: Healey Patsy
Published: January 2017

This essay argues for a relational approach to place qualities and their governance. The argument is developed through a discussion of first, the meaning and significance of place, second, the formation of collective attention, publics and the civil sphere; and third, the challenge of developing moral frames among such publics within which complex judgements about conflicting perceptions and values about place qualities can be situated. Promoting public value through caring for place in this way could act as a significant learning arena for renewing practices of democratic engagement.
Reflecting critically on contemporary social pathologies: social work and the ‘good life’
Authors: Houston Stan , Montgomery Lorna
Published: January 2017

Oppression within society continues unabated, with novel forms of social pathology attenuating life opportunities, social freedoms and the attainment of the ‘good life’. Building on Honneth’s earlier ‘recognition thesis’, this article critically examines his later articulation of four such pathologies: invisibilisation, instrumental rationalisation, reification and organised self-realisation. The impact of these pathologies on social actors, through instances of misrecognition, is examined as a prelude to considering their influence on social work practice. A critical incident framework is then delineated in order to heighten social workers’ awareness of these areas, and how they impinge on service users. It is argued that this framework can engender a socially intelligent, anti-oppressive alertness and response to contemporary forms of misrecognition and injustice in social life.
Identification of ALK, ROS1, and RET Fusions by a Multiplexed mRNA-Based Assay in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Samples from Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Reguart Noemí , Teixidó Cristina , Giménez-Capitán Ana , Paré Laia , Galván Patricia , Viteri Santiago , Rodríguez Sonia , Peg Vicente , Aldeguer Erika , Viñolas Nuria , Remon Jordi , Karachaliou Niki , Conde Esther , Lopez-Rios Fernando , Nadal Ernest , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Büttner Reinhard , Rosell Rafael , Molina-Vila Miguel A , Prat Aleix
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), and ret proto-oncogene (RET) fusions are present in 5%–7% of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); their accurate identification is critical to guide targeted therapies. FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are considered the gold standards to determine gene fusions, but they have limitations. The nCounter platform is a potentially useful genomic tool for multiplexed detection of gene fusions, but has not been validated in the clinical setting.

METHODS

Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples from 108 patients with advanced NSCLC were analyzed with an nCounter-based assay and the results compared with FISH, IHC, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Data on response to fusion kinase inhibitors was retrospectively collected in a subset of 29 patients.

RESULTS

Of 108 FFPE samples, 98 were successfully analyzed by nCounter (91%), which identified 55 fusion-positive cases (32 ALK, 21 ROS1, and 2 RET). nCounter results were highly concordant with IHC for ALK (98.5%, CI = 91.8–99.7), while 11 discrepancies were found compared with FISH (87.5% concordance, CI = 79.0–92.9). For ROS1, nCounter showed similar agreement with IHC and FISH (87.2% and 85.9%), but a substantial number of samples were positive only by 1 or 2 techniques. Of the 25 patients deriving clinical benefit from fusion kinase inhibitors, 24 were positive by nCounter and 22 by FISH.

CONCLUSIONS

nCounter compares favorably with IHC and FISH and can be used for identifying patients with advanced NSCLC positive for ALK/ROS1/RET fusion genes.
Kesetaraan Hasil Skrining Risiko Penyimpangan Perkembangan Menurut Cara Kuesioner Praskrining Perkembangan (KPSP) dan Denver II pada Anak Usia 12-14 Bulan dengan Berat Lahir Rendah
Authors: Kadi Fiva A , Garna Herry , Fadlyana Eddy
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Penilaian perkembangan pada anak penting dilakukan, terutama sampai usia 1 tahununtuk deteksi dini, agar bila ditemukan kecurigaan penyimpangan dapat dilakukan stimulasi dan intervensidini sebelum terjadi kelainan. Depkes RI mengeluarkan revisi buku deteksi dini tumbuh kembang untukidentifikasi dini perkembangan di tingkat kecamatan berupa kuesioner praskrining perkembangan (KPSP)yang dapat dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan ataupun nonkesehatan terlatih.Tujuan. Penelitian ini membandingkan kesetaraan hasil antara KPSP dan Denver II dalam mendeteksikecurigaan penyimpangan perkembangan.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode evaluatif komparatif dan rancangan cross sectional, pada anakusia 12–14 bulan dengan berat lahir rendah di puskesmas Garuda Bandung pada bulan Februari sampaiMaret 2008. Dengan menggunakan metode KPSP skrining dilakukan oleh kader kesehatan terlatih kemudiandibandingkan dengan Denver II oleh dokter, dan dinilai kesetaraan dari dua hasil pemeriksaan tersebutmenggunakan perhitungan coefficient of agreement Kappa.Hasil. Delapan puluh lima subjek penelitian diperiksa status perkembangan oleh 10 orang kader kesehatan(dipilih random dan lolos uji inter dan intra-observer) kemudian oleh 2 dokter. Dari KPSP didapatkansebanyak 82,4% normal dan 17,6% curiga terganggu, menurut Denver II didapatkan sebanyak 77,6%normal dan 22,4% curiga terganggu. Nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas untuk KPSP dalam penelitian inimasing-masing adalah 95% dan 63%, dengan nilai Kappa 0,552 dan p<0,0001.Kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan KPSP setara moderate dengan Denver II dan dapat menjadi alat deteksi dini ditingkat Posyandu. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada usia dan tempat yang lebih bervariasi sertadengan jumlah kader yang lebih besar.
Kadar Bilirubin Neonatus dengan dan Tanpa Defisiensi Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase yang Mengalami atau Tidak Mengalami Infeksi
Authors: Rahardjani Kamilah Budhi
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Hiperbilirubinemia merupakan salah satu masalah tersering pada neonatus yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel-sel otak. Defisiensi enzim G6PD merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus dan merupakan penyebab tersering ikterus dan anemia hemolitik akut di Asia Tenggara. Infeksi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hemolisis, akan lebih berat pada defisiensi G6PD.Tujuan. Membedakan kadar bilirubin antara neonatus dengan dan tanpa defisiensi G6PD, yang mengalami atau tidak mengalami infeksi.Metode. Desain penelitian adalah belah lintang. Subjek 101 bayi dirawat di RS Dr. Kariadi Semarang sejak Januari hingga Juni 2006. Dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (1) neonatus dengan defisiensi G6PD mengalami infeksi, (2) neonatus dengan defisiensi G6PD tanpa infeksi, (3) neonatus dengan G6PD normal mengalami infeksi, dan (4) neonatus dengan G6PD normal tanpa infeksi. Perbedaan rerata antar kelompok diuji dengan Mann-Whitney u test dan Kruskall-Wallis, dengan SPSS versi 13.Hasil. Lima belas persen neonatus mengalami defisiensi G6PD dan 38,6% infeksi. Kadar bilirubin total kelompok neonatus defisiensi G6PD (15,78 ± 7,01) mg/dL lebih tinggi dibanding neonatus G6PD normal (12,94 ± 6,71) mg/dL, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,11) antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Kadar bilirubin rerata kelompok 1 (21,21 + 6,84) mg/dL lebih tinggi dibanding ketiga kelompok lain, kelompok 2 (11,53 + 3,53) mg/dL, (p=0,002), kelompok 3 (14,56 + 7,49) mg/dL, (p=0,002), dan kelompok 4 (11,62 + 5,9) mg/dL, secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar bilirubin pada ke-4 kelompok (p= 0,000).Kesimpulan. Kadar bilirubin total neonatus defisiensi G6PD lebih tinggi dibanding neonatus G6PD normal. Infeksi pada neonatus defisiensi G6PD meningkatkan kadar bilirubin secara bermakna
Peran Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Dalam “Millennium Development Goals”
Authors: Ranuh IGN. Gde
Published: January 2017

Deklarasi Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) yang telah dicanangkan dalam pertemuan global tahun 90-an bertujuan untuk mengurangi separuh masalah kelaparan di dunia, mengupayakan semua anak dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan sekolah dasar, menghapus perbedaan jender tanpa melihat tingkat pendidikan, mengurangi dua per tiga angka kematian bayi dan anak balita, mengurangi angka kematian ibu tiga per empat dari angka sekarang, serta menyediakan air bersih bagi separuh penduduk dunia pada tahun 2015. Untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut, Indonesia harus bekerja keras mengingat indikator kesehatan dasar masih jauh tertinggal dibandingkan negara Asia Tenggara lainnya.Dasar sasaran butir keempat MDG’s adalah anak balita. Mengingat usia anak balita merupakan masa ‘kehidupan emas’, maka dalam masa ini kita mempunyai peluang ‘emas’ untuk dapat melakukan intervensi selama masa tumbuh kembang sehingga dicapai manusia dewasa yang sehat dengan kualitas prima. Memberikan perhatian secara penuh pada perlindungan hak dan kebutuhan seorang anak sangat menguntungkan dan merupakan suatu modal yang tidak ternilai di masa depan. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia, melalui Unit Kerja Koordinasi (UKK) yang merupakan wadah keilmuan kesehatan anak harus perperan aktif dalam intervensi ini. Orientasi terhadap kesehatan komunitas perlu ditingkatkan dalam sikap, pandangan, dan semangat seorang dokter spesialis anak; sehingga peran nyata IDAI bersama pemerintah dapat mensukseskan MDG’s
Peran Mutasi Gen CRELD1 pada Defek Septum Ventrikel dan Hubungannya dengan Manifestasi Klinis
Authors: Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Hamanoue Haruka , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Defek septum ventrikel (DSV) merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) yang paling sering ditemukan. Etiologi DSV berhubungan dengan faktor genetik, nongenetik, atau interaksi antara faktor genetik dan nongenetik. Gen CRELD1 adalah suatu gen yang terletak pada kromosom 3p25. Mutasi gen CRELD1 akan menyebabkan gangguan pada pembentukan septum interventrikular.Tujuan. Mengetahui peran mutasi gen CRELD1 pada DSV dan hubungannya dengan manifestasi klinis.Metode. Subjek penelitian adalah 61 pasien DSV dan 110 pasien kontrol tanpa PJB yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Deteksi mutasi gen CRELD1 dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan sekuensing terhadap isolasi DNA.Hasil. Ditemukan satu anak dengan mutasi CRELD1, mutasi yang terjadi adalah missense mutations dan tempat mutasi terletak pada ekson 10 c.1136T>C (p. Met379Thr). Mutasi tersebut tidak ditemukan pada kontrol. Mutasi gen CRELD1 terjadi pada anak dengan DSV inlet besar dan disertai hipertensi pulmonal. Ditemukan empat tempat mutasi SNPs, tiga di antaranya telah dilaporkan ke gene Bank sebagai SNPs, dan satu tempat mutasi belum pernah dilaporkan.Kesimpulan. Didapatkan mutasi gen CRELD1 pada DSV inlet besar dan hipertensi pulmonal, sehingga perlu segera dilakukan penutupan defek ventrikel. Maka adanya mutasi gen CRELD1 dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini dan tata laksana yang lebih baik terhadap DSV.
Gambaran Klinis dan Radiologis pada Pasien dengan Uji Mantoux Positif di Bangsal Rawat Inap Anak RSUD Tangerang
Authors: Mahdi Haridini Intan S. , Setyanto Darmawan B. , Ifran Evita B.
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis pada anak mempunyai permasalahan yang berbeda dengan orang dewasa karena terdapat berbagai permasalahan dalam diagnosis, pengobatan, dan pencegahan. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis tuberkulosis adalah dengan uji tuberkulin, pemeriksaan radiologis, serologi, darah tepi, dan histopatologik.Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran klinis dan radiologis anak dengan uji Mantoux positif.Metode. Studi deskriptif di ruang rawat inap anak RSUD Tangerang selama Juni-September 2007.Hasil. Penelitian ini mendapatkan 59 pasien dengan uji Mantoux positif dari 150 pasien yang dilakukan uji Mantoux. Gambaran radiologis dada AP/lateral sebagai berikut: 40 limfadenopati, 25 kelainan parenkim, 14 penebalan pleura, 5 efusi pleura, kavitas dan kalsifikasi masing-masing 1 kasus. Gejala sistemik berupa demam tidak tinggi dan lebih dari 2 minggu didapatkan pada 19 dari 59 anak, malaise (47 dari 59 anak), berat badan turun/sulit naik (53 dari 59 anak), anoreksia (51 dari 59 anak). Batuk lebih dari 2 minggu (20 dari 59 anak) kemungkinan karena tuberkulosis, sedang sesak napas (14 dari 59). Pembesaran kelenjar getah bening merupakan gejala yang tidak khas pada tuberkulosis anak (6 dari 59 anak).Kesimpulan. Indeks tuberkulin pada penelitian ini adalah 59 dari 150 pasien (40%), gambaran radiologis anak dengan uji Mantoux positif bervariasi, sedangkan gejala klinis dapat overlap dengan penyakit primer yang sedang diderita subjek.