bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective CD8+ T-cell response against Hantaan virus infection induced by immunization with designed linear multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice
Authors: Ma Ying , Tang Kang , Zhang Yusi , Zhang Chunmei , Cheng Linfeng , Zhang Fanglin , Zhuang Ran , Jin Boquan , Zhang Yun
Published: May 2020

Background An effective vaccine that prevents disease caused by hantaviruses is a global public health priority, but up to now, no vaccine has been approved for worldwide use. Therefore, novel vaccines with high prophylaxis efficacy are urgently needed.Methods Herein, we designed and synthesized Hantaan virus (HTNV) linear multi-epitope peptide consisting of HLA-A*02-restricted HTNV cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope and pan HLA-DR-binding epitope (PADRE), and evaluated the immunogenicity, as well as effectiveness, of multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice with interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, cytotoxic mediator detection, proliferation assay and HTNV-challenge test.Results The results showed that a much higher frequency of specific IFN-γ-secreting CTLs, high levels of granzyme B production, and a strong proliferation capacity of specific CTLs were observed in splenocytes of mice immunized with multi-epitope peptide than in those of a single CTL epitope. Moreover, pre-immunization of multi-epitope peptide could reduce the levels of HTNV RNA loads in the liver, spleen and kidneys of mice, indicating that specific CTL responses induced by multi-epitope peptide could inhibit HTNV replication in vivo.Conclusions This study may provide an important foundation for the development of novel peptide vaccines for HTNV prophylaxis.
Selection and implementation of SNP markers for parentage analysis in a Chinese crossbred cattle population
Authors: Hu Lirong , Li Dong , Chu Qin , Wang Yachun , Zhou Lei , Yu Ying , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Shengli , Usman Tahir , Xie Zhenquan , Hou Shiyu , Liu Lin , Shi Wanhai
Published: May 2020

Background: In China, the widespread crossbreeding between Simmental and Holstein is a universal way so as to better improve the comprehensive benefits, as well as decline the inbreeding coefficient. However, the wrong parentage appeared frequently in this population than others due to not only the reasons in pure breeds, but more importantly, the lack of enough attention, which caused the lower accuracy of genetic parameter estimation and genetic evaluation in breeding systems. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel in a certain population as a powerful tool for parentage assignment has been reported in numerous studies, especially in cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to build an SNP panel with sufficient power for parentage testing in the crossbred population of Simmental and Holstein in China. Results: In the present study, combining direct sequencing method in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) pooling and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) genotyping method in individuals, a panel comprising 50 highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for parentage analysis was developed in a crossbred Chinese cattle population. The average minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.43 and the cumulative exclusion probability for single-parent and both-parent inference met 0.99797 and 0.999999, respectively. The maker-set was then used for parentage verification in a group of 81 trios with the likelihood-based parentage-assignment program of Cervus software. Compared with on-farm records, the results showed that this 50-SNP system could provide sufficient and reliable information for parentage testing with the parental mistakes for mother-offspring and sire-offspring being 8.6% and 18.5%, respectively.Conclusion: Knowledge of these results, we provided one set of low-cost and efficient SNPs for running paternity testing in the crossbred cattle population of Simmental and Holstein in China. Keywords: Parentage analysis, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Chinese crossbred cattle
Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Evaluating Clinical Tumor Burden and Predicting Survival in Chinese Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: xu xiaojing , yu yiyi , shen minna , liu menglin , wu shengchao , liang li , huang fei , zhang chenlu , guo wei , liu tianshu
Published: May 2020

Background:The aim of this study was to further explore the utility of ctDNA in the evaluation of clinical tumor burden and survival in Chinese metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients and to preliminarily summarize some metastatic characteristics associated with mutations in ctDNA. Patients and Methods:A four-gene mutation testing panel covering a total 197 mutation hotspots of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA was used to evaluate the gene mutation status via next-generation sequencing of plasma from patients with mCRC. Clinical markers including CEA, CA199, CA125,NSE and LDH in serum and the sum of all tumor diameters on CT or PET/CT were collected to indicate clinical tumor burden. The correlations between cfDNA levels and clinical tumor burden were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression models. The median PFS and 1-year OS rates were calculated by Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival analysis. Results：The study enrolled 126 mCRC patients for ctDNA testing. Wild-type patients accounted for 54.8% (69/126) of the total patients, and mutant-type patients accounted for 45.2% (57/126) of the total patients. Mutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were detected in 37.3% (47/126), 1.6% (2/126), 3.2% (4/126) and 13.5% (17/126) of patients, respectively. The overall concordance rate of gene status between ctDNA and matched tissues was 78.6% (99/126). The concentration of cfDNA was significantly correlated with the levels of clinical markers, especially CEA (P<0.0001, Pearson r = 0.81), LDH (P<0.0001, Pearson r = 0.84) and the sum of tumor diameters (P<0.0001, Pearson r = 0.80). The median PFS (11.7 versus 6.6 months, P<0.0001) and 1-year OS rates (94% versus 56%, P<0.0001) were significantly different between patients with a low cfDNA concentration (≤17.91 ng/ml) and those with a high cfDNA concentration (>17.91 ng/ml). The most common metastatic site was liver (77.8%), followed by lymph nodes (62.7%), lung (40.5%), peritoneum (14.3%) and bone (10.3%), in all patients. There was no significant difference in metastasis regardless of gene status. Conclusion:These results suggested that the level of cfDNA could be a quantitative biomarker of tumor burden and could predict survival in Chinese patients with mCRC. Patients with gene mutations had a similar metastatic pattern to those with wild-type genes.
Seroprevalence of human Echinococcosis in a community living around slaughterhouses in Western Province in Sri Lanka
Authors: Banneheke Hasini , Prathapan Shamini
Published: May 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Social and professional skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Ostrovska Kateryna , Ostrovskii Ihor , Korniat Vira
Published: May 2020

The article deals with investigation of professional skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 40 ukrainian adolescents of 13-17 years old were investigated by use of Psychological and Educational Profile for Youth and Adult (AAPEP). Besides 40 healthy peers were investigated by the same method and used as a reference group. According the results obtained 40% of ASD adolescents have satisfactory professional skills. Nevertheless, their emotional indices were substantially lower than correspondent indices for healthy peers and showed negative dynamics with age. Low indices of emotional development and functional communication skill of ASD adolescents restrict their future employment and demond psychological and social support.
The application of the joint stimulus control model in teaching complex receptive language to children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Raudeliūnaitė Rita , Steponėnienė Eglė
Published: May 2020

Lithuanian educators are still not adequately well prepared to teach children with autism spectrum disorder (further in text ASD). There is a lack of research, the access to evidence-based methods is limited, and traditional educational methodological approaches are usually ineffective (Diržytė, Mikulėnaitė, & Kalvaitis, 2016; Buivydaitė, Newman, & Prasauskienė, 2017).One of the earliest signs of ASD is failure to develop language and social communication (Mody & Belliveau, 2013; Arunachalam & Luyster 2016; etc.). Meta-analyses conducted by foreign researchers show that B.F. Skinner’s (1957) verbal behaviour analysis is one of the evidence-based effective methods used for developing language in children with ASD (McPherson et al., 1984; Dymond et al. 2006; Sautter & LeBlanc, 2006; Devine & Petursdottir, 2017). A rapid increase in the prevalence of ASD brings the researchers’ attention to the possibilities of applying this method, however, there are still some areas in verbal behaviour approach remaining, which lack research. Scientific studies in these areas would likely open effective ways for developing language in children with ASD (Devine & Petursdottir, 2017). The researchers (Buivydaitė, Newman, & Prasauskienė, 2017) have conducted a review of scientific articles on ASD in the Baltic states (including Lithuania), and the findings of it confirm the lack of such research.In this study, a single-subject educational experiment was used, during which a joint stimulus control model was applied for developing language in children with ASD, with the main focus being on receptive language acquisition. The object of joint stimulus control is the development of a symmetrical (bi-directional) word-object relation and independent, verbally maintained generalisation with unlearned stimuli. The results of the experiment show that a joint stimulus control model can be applied as an effective mechanism to develop language in children with ASD. In the presence of non-verbal stimuli and rehearsing the names of the stimuli overtly or covertly, the joint stimulus control emerges and, in this way, the complex receptive language perception in children with ASD is developed within the context of social interaction. The participants of this experiment were able to emit correct responses with the novel sets of stimuli and were able to apply this mechanism without prompts not only in teaching sessions, but also in other social situations.
Critical Review: “Discipline survival guide for the secondary teacher”
Authors: St-Amand Jerome
Published: May 2020

Critical review of Thompson, J. (2012). La gestion de classe au secondaire: Guide pratique [Discipline survival guide for the secondary teacher]. Montréal: éditions Chenelière.

 
CUSTOS DO ENSINO DE MEDICINA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMATIZADA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Maso Nassar Leonardo , Alves Pereira Júnior Gerson
Published: May 2020

O aumento dos custos educacionais para a formação médica no Brasil ameaça a qualidade da formação profissional. Por tal razão, para investigar o assunto e aprofundar o debate sobre um tópico de importância nacional, surge a pergunta norteadora da pesquisa: qual a literatura produzida sobre custo do ensino de medicina no Brasil? Para solucionar a pergunta da pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada da literatura com o objetivo de mapear a literatura disponível para fornecer um diagnóstico sobre os trabalhos que abordaram custo em educação superior em medicina no Brasil. A metodologia proposta para o estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistematizada desenvolvida nos moldes das diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute. A busca inicial resultou em um total de 690 trabalhos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, a amostra final foi composta de 28 manuscritos. Os resultados indicam uma elevação nos custo de ensino de medicina porque a utilização de animais vivos e cadáveres como ferramentas de ensino, por questões éticas e dificuldades de obtenção, têm sido substituídos por simuladores que podem atingir elevados custos dependendo do grau de fidelidade.
ATENDIMENTO EM SAÚDE SUPLEMENTAR: PROPOSIÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UM MODELO ESTRUTURAL PARA AVALIAÇÃO, COM BASE NA ACOLHIDA E CHEGADA DO PACIENTE
Authors: SOARES FILHO AFRANIO DE AMORIM FRANCISCO , Breval Santiago Sandro
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e validação de escala e modelo explicativo, por meio de modelagem em equações estruturais, para avaliar o ATENDIMENTO a pacientes de um plano de saúde em suas próprias instalações.  Foi um estudo de caso único e holístico, quantitativo, com dados obtidos junto aos pacientes atendidos em um período de 90 dias nas clínicas médicas, hospital, maternidade, pronto-socorro ou laboratório de exames clínicos. Ocorreu de modo transversal, sendo os dados coletados uma vez ao ano entre 2015 e 2018. Os levantamentos foram por meio de survey, com rigorosos critérios para qualificação dos dados, escala e índices de mensuração e ajuste do modelo. A amostra foi dividida em duas subamostras, sendo uma para a fase exploratória e a outra para a etapa confirmatória. O modelo estrutural, resultante destes dois procedimentos, culminou com três construtos, que pela natureza de seus componentes foram nomeados como CHEGADA, ACOLHIDA e ATENDIMENTO. Os índices, apurados por meio de modelagem em equações estruturais, mostraram bom ajuste e forte correlação entre os construtos. O GFI no modelo estrutural foi 0,946 e outros testes, como o AIC, indicaram melhores índices no modelo estrutural do que no de mensuração. As conclusões permitiram vislumbrar, de modo prático, que quanto mais favorável for a impressão do paciente em sua CHEGADA, mais propenso ele estará para bem avaliar o ACOLHIMENTO. Confirmando-se a boa avaliação do acolhimento, aumentam as possibilidades de o ATENDIMENTO vir a ser bem avaliado.
ACREDITAÇÃO COMO ELEMENTO CATALISADOR DO DESEMPENHO EM ORGANIZAÇÃO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Ramos George Israel dos Santos , Moreira Marcia Athayde , Martins Cyntia Meireles , De Souza Ailton Corecha
Published: May 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar em que medida a implantação de processos de acreditação é capaz de promover a melhoria do desempenho em organizações hospitalares. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso em um hospital de grande porte sediado no Brasil, o qual iniciou o processo de certificação em 2015. Como resultado foi observado a melhoria nos indicadores financeiros, das perspectivas aprendizado, de crescimento e de clientes. Contudo, na perspectiva de processos internos, não se conseguiu observar êxito em todos os indicadores após a acreditação. Ainda assim, considera-se que a implementação da acreditação resultou em melhorias no desempenho, pois, impactou positivamente cinco de sete indicadores avaliados, demonstrando, a importância da acreditação hospitalar no desempenho das organizações.
A SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE DEVIDO OS RISCOS DA SOBRECARGA DE TRABALHO DAS ENFERMEIROS
Authors: Hoepers Boeck Karine , Hiittl Nicole , Cembranel Priscila , Taschetto Luciane
Published: May 2020

Este estudo versa sobre a segurança do paciente e os riscos da sobrecarga de trabalho associados à assistência em saúde com o objetivo de identificar os riscos que a sobrecarga de trabalho na enfermagem pode gerar para a segurança do paciente na visão dos enfermeiros. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio de abordagem qualitativa, etapa de revisão integrativa da literatura e pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de questionário. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos problemas ocasionados pela sobrecarga de trabalho são os erros de medicação e a queda dos pacientes e que nesses casos é fundamental que existam notificações e que para resolver os problemas de sobrecarga deveria haver adequação do quadro de funcionários, reconhecimento profissional e valorização econômica na profissão.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA GESTÃO POR RESULTADOS NA MELHORIA DE DESEMPENHO INSTITUCIONAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O HOSPITAL DAS CLÍNICAS DA UFMG
Authors: Kellen Rodrigues de Oliveira Nyhara , De Carvalho Bandeira Mendes André
Published: May 2020

O estudo tem por objetivo descrever e avaliar o aprimoramento de metodologia de gestão por resultados no Hospital das Clínicas (HC) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) apresentando os primeiros resultados, análises e o monitoramento de indicadores como medida de qualidade e de melhoria. Trata-se de relato de experiência com descrição e avaliação dos dados referentes aos indicadores monitorados durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 com base na metodologia de Gestão por Resultados adotada no hospital em 2013. Para tal, foi realizada consultas em documentos do sistema interno da instituição, intranet, sites e Geplanes, além do acompanhamento nas etapas do monitoramento de indicadores junto às unidades do hospital. Como resultado, o hospital obteve uma melhoria nos índices de desempenho de indicadores de 59,04 em 2016 para 75,05 em 2017.  O estudo identificou que, a prática de monitoramento promove a consolidação e maturidade da gestão por resultados.
ATRIBUTOS DE PREFERÊNCIA PARA COMPRAS EM DROGARIAS: UM ESTUDO NA PERSPECTIVA DE CLIENTES E PROFISSIONAIS DA ÁREA
Authors: Jeunon Ester Eliane , LARA JOSE , Pires Edna Maria
Published: May 2020

Fundamento do estudo: O tema da preferência de compras tem demonstrado grande importância, tanto na literatura acadêmica, quanto na executiva.

Objetivo: Analisar os atributos para a preferência de compras em drogarias, na perspectiva de clientes e profissionais da área.

Metodologia: Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, em 2019. Na qualitativa foram entrevistadas 16 profissionais e na quantitativa fez-se um levantamento com 468 compradores.

Resultados: Os resultados identificaram a hierarquia de importância dos atributos, sendo o principal, o Preço. Mostraram ainda como as variáveis: gênero, idade, renda, ocupação e residência em zona urbana ou rural influenciam os clientes. As mulheres relevaram o Atendimento, Televendas e Entrega domiciliar, Variedade de Produtos de higiene e beleza e Proximidade de casa. Os participantes de baixa renda avaliaram quase todos os atributos como abaixo da média, inclusive Preço e Atendimento. Consideraram importantes os atributos Formas de pagamento, Televendas e Entrega em domicílio. Os respondentes com alta renda valorizam mais os atributos de conveniência.

Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O artigo revisita e contrasta teorias clássicas de atitude e preferências dos consumidores no varejo farmacêutico.

Contribuições organizacionais: Conteúdos relevantes para a tomada de decisões.
DETERMINANTES DA ADOÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS NA SAÚDE: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO
Authors: Montibeler Krause Vânia , Castro de Carvalho Luciano , Galvão Jarbas
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo verificar quais os determinantes do uso da inovação tecnológica em ambientes hospitalares. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com método quantitativo. O instrumento de coleta de dados consiste de 43 questões agrupadas nos seguintes fatores: compatibilidade, demonstração de resultado, experimentação, facilidade de uso, imagem, vantagem relativa, visibilidade, uso voluntário e resultado de uso, com afirmativas com opção de resposta do tipo Likert de 5 pontos. Os dados foram coletados com profissionais da saúde usuários de prontuário eletrônico.  Foram obtidos 132 questionários válidos.  Para análise utilizou-se a técnica estatística de regressão linear múltipla.  Os principais resultados apontam que a compatibilidade da tecnologia com conhecimentos prévios do usuário, a possibilidade de experimentar a tecnologia antes do uso efetivo e a visibilidade são determinantes ou motivadores de uso do prontuário eletrônico.  Os resultados sugerem uma reflexão sobre investimentos em formação e capacitação de usuários como forma de minimizar as resistências geradas a partir da introdução de novas tecnologias.
O CUMPRIMENTO DO MÍNIMO CONSTITUCIONAL EM AÇÕES E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Boroni de Paiva Bruna , Virgínia Freire Biondini Isabella
Published: May 2020

Estabelecido inicialmente pela emenda constitucional nº 29 de 2000 - mais tarde regulamentada pela lei complementar nº 141 de 2012 -, o mínimo constitucional da saúde buscava fortalecer o sistema de saúde brasileiro. A nova legislação determinou percentuais mínimos de aplicação em ações e serviços de saúde e vinculou receitas e despesas para esses gastos. No caso dos estados, por exemplo, passou a ser necessário que a cada ano fossem aplicados 12% do total das receitas arrecadadas no setor da saúde. Entretanto, essa aplicação em serviços de saúde não necessariamente representava que existissem efetivamente no campo financeiro, mas que estivessem previstas no campo orçamentário. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se há um distanciamento entre as despesas empenhadas e as despesas executadas nas ações e serviços de saúde em Minas Gerais. A análise será feita na contraposição das despesas aplicadas e as despesas inscritas em restos a pagar. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que existe esse gap e ele vem aumentando conforme análise entre 2012 e 2017.
New diagnostic and therapeutic options in canine osteoarthritis
Authors: WYPYCH ALEKSANDRA , SZCZEPANEK JOANNA , WĄSIATYCZ GRZEGORZ , PAREEK CHANDRA SH. , TRETYN ANDRZEJ , JAŚKOWSKI JĘDRZEJ M. , ANTOSIK PAWEŁ
Published: May 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints, characterized by irreversible destruction of articular cartilage. The disease process is accompanied by changes of immunological nature, resulting in local inflammatory reactions, with the production of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases. There is currently no effective treatment resulting in repair of degraded cartilage. Clinical application of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) creates new possibilities in the treatment of incurable diseases. Multipotent MSCs exhibit immunosuppressive activity and limited immunogenicity and have the potential to differentiate in vitro towards adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes and endothelial cells. Thanks to these biological properties, they are increasingly used in clinical therapies. In few scientific papers, the safety of cellular therapies in the group of dogs diagnosed with OA has been confirmed. In patients undergoing treatment with autologous intra-articular injections, no serious adverse effects were observed, and in the vast majority of patients an improvement in the clinical condition and reduction of pain and joint pain were achieved. The paper presents the current state of knowledge on osteoarthritis in dogs, on the biological properties of adipose tissue stem cells and their use in OA therapy and on monitoring the progress of treatment by imaging diagnostics.
Fatal shooting of a dog by a ricocheting ball missile during hunting: Veterinary and ballistic judicial opinions
Authors: FLIS MARIAN , PIÓRKOWSKI JACEK , RATAJ BOGUSŁAW
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the principles of assessing fatal shootings of dogs during collective hunting due to ricocheting bullets from firearms with threaded barrels for purposes of judicial review. Such assessments usually have two purposes. The first is to determine the cause of death, and the assessment is based on veterinary anatomopathological examination of the gunshot wound and the examination of the bullet or its fragments found in the carcass of the animal. If a direct examination is impossible, X-ray images are often used. The second aspect of the assessment is the analysis of evidence aimed at reconstructing the course of the event and determining whether the shot was due to a ricocheting projectile or to non-compliance with safety rules when using the firearm. Such analyses require knowledge of issues related to the construction and use of weapons and ammunition, as well as external ballistics of missiles. The assessment is based mainly on the analysis of tissue fragments and projectiles or their fragments recovered from the carcass of the animal. In addition, it is also important to reconstruct the course of the event on the basis of the documentation collected and sometimes an inspection of the area where the incident occurred.
Inhibitory effects of different medicinal plants on growth of some oral microbiome member
Authors: Tambur Zoran , Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Opačić Dolores , Aleksić Ema , Ivančajić Luka , Jovičić Bojan , Vuković Branislava
Published: May 2020

Oral infections and dental caries are still considered as a serious public health problem. Using the method of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of 16 plants on the growth of Actinomyces odontolyticus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans. The most effective were ethanol extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Calendula officinalis and Hypericum perforatum. The least efficiency was observed for Acorus calamus extract. Plant extracts could be used in oral health as therapeutic and prophylactic approach or in balancing oral microbiota.
Water quality index analysis for portable and bottled waters
Authors: Ahmed Abdelkader T.
Published: May 2020

This research work aimed to investigate the degree of quality of tap and bottled waters available in Al-Madinah city through an experimental program comprising chemical, physical and biological tests. The study included examining the quality of the water supply network components such as taps, underground storage tanks and feeding pipes of the network. Filtration influence on the tap water was investigated by testing different water samples before and after the filtration process at different locations. The experiments also examined various bottled water brands sold in Al-Madinah. In addition, the impact of using the dispenser on the water quality of large bottled waters was studied. The water quality of two types of waters was compared by estimating water quality index (WQI). Results of this study revealed that the overall quality of the tap water is within standard values; however, deterioration occurs for the water through its journey in the water supply system. Results revealed that hardness and fluoride concentrations in bottled waters exhibited high values close to or more than allowable values of the standards. Furthermore, results confirmed that using the filter and dispenser decreased the water quality degree in the long run. Bottled waters showed a higher grade of WQI than tap water.
The Protection of Consumer Rights in the Digital Economy Conditions – the Experience of the BRICS Countries
Authors: Ostanina E. , Titova E.
Published: May 2020

Online contracts are characterized by unequal economic opportunities. The consumer, traditionally, has fewer economic opportunities, the seller – more. Digitalization of consumer-seller relations did not solve the old problem of insufficient consumer protection, but rather exacerbated it. Now the consumer needs to be protected from unscrupulous actions of both the seller and the aggregator of the information on goods, works, and services, i.e. the owner of the site on which the consumer buys the good, orders the work or the service. Acontract concluded on a site is a special type of adhesion contract. If a site sells goods from different sellers (which often happens), the terms and conditions of the adhesion contract are determined not only by the seller, but also by the site owner. Thus, the economically weak party – the consumer, needs to be protected both against the seller’s abuse, and against the site owner’s abuse. The article compares the experience of regulating the relations between the consumer, the seller (contractor) and the information aggregator accumulated by the EU countries, on the one hand, and BRICS countries, on the other. It is concluded that the development of regulation in all the BRICS countries is currently moving towards providing the consumer with the widest information opportunities. It is necessary to support the idea of holding the e-commerce aggregator responsible for any failure to fulfill its obligations to the consumer. The responsibility is considered acceptable when the aggregator has not informed the consumer that it does not provide goods, work, services, or in cases of the aggregator’s gross negligence in identifying the user when registering a potential seller on the site. A separate problem is the public legal status of the online platform aggregator, since when an onsite contract is concluded, the consumer should not receive less secure goods than when a contract is concluded through an exchange of documents in the ordinary “paper” form.
The Ecosystem of Cryptocurrency as an Object of Civil Rights in BRICS Countries
Authors: Dulatova N. , Razak Abd Hakim Abd
Published: May 2020

The article presents a comparative legal analysis of the modern legal regulation of the multidimensionality of digital electronic currency in BRICS countries. It assesses the possibility of civil circulation of a digital property right as an economic and legal segment without clear legal regulation. It analyzes the judicial practice related to confidentiality, acquisition, and trading of virtual currency. The article justifies the ability to integrate a single digital currency – CRYPTOBRICS, a single equivalent for all payments in the form of cryptocurrency within the framework of BRICS for settlements and increase in the trade exchange volume on these international platforms. This will provide for the legalization and consolidation of the legal framework of cryptocurrency within the context of objects of civil rights, allowing BRICS members to become regulatory leaders in the field of digital assets. We formulated a proposal to create an international agreement defining the parameters of the digital currency issue based on blockchain technology for interstate transactions, which allows the BRICS counties to establish the next stage of their mutual integration for the free trade zone and the customs union. Unifying the civil circulation of cryptocurrency and using the platform of modern non-monetary digital circulation as our foundation, we concluded that BTC can be classified as a type of digital property right. The article justified the theoretical definition of digital property right in the form of cryptocurrency as a resource stored in a device or electronic system which allows the end user to complete transactions using virtual currency and denominated in another payment unit, as opposed to currencies issued by sovereign states. We suggested that insurance companies be insured against all possible risks associated with cryptocurrency circulation and cybersecurity as a civil measure to protect the order of intangible digital codes – cryptocurrencies.
Guest Editor’s Note on Digitalization in Law
Authors: Radvan M.
Published: May 2020

.
Unified Digital Law Enforcement Environment – Necessity and Prospects for Creation in the “BRICS Countries”
Authors: Nikitin E. , Marius M. C.
Published: May 2020

The article examines the prospects for the development of an interstate association of BRICS member nations and concludes that it is necessary to expand cooperation in addition to the economic sphere through other areas, in particular, the organization of interaction to combat crime. The article focuses on the fact that an important area of joint cooperation between the BRICS member nations will be activities in the field of security and combating crime. The main promising areas of cooperation between the BRICS member nations in the field of security are formulated and forms of joint activities in these areas are proposed. This area of cooperation of the BRICS member nations should be based on modern information technologies, which is due to the need for coordination of law enforcement activities of the BRICS member nations. The article analyzes the joint system for preventing international crime in the BRICS member nations and concludes that no improvement of this system is possible without appropriate information support for law enforcement based on general principles and approaches. To this end, the necessity of creating a Unified Digital Environment for Law Enforcement Services in the BRICS member nations is substantiated, which implies the speed of achieving the objectives of law enforcement in the BRICS member nations; reduction of corruption risks in this area; as well as automation of individual work processes by replacing a human resource with software. The article describes the concept of a Unified Digital Environment for Law Enforcement Services of the BRICS member nations, substantiates the components that make up its structure. The modern methods of information processing that can be used to build the specified information system are presented. Possible interested users of this environment are highlighted and the capabilities of the Unified Digital BRICS Law Enforcement Services Environment provided to these users are presented.
Price Algorithms as a Threat to Competition Under the Conditions of Digital Economy: Approaches to Antimonopoly Legislation of BRICS Countries
Authors: Spiridonova A. , Juchnevicius E.
Published: May 2020

The authors examine certain legal problems of antitrust regulation in the digital economy facing the international community, including BRICS member countries. This article focuses on the problems associated with the use of price algorithms by enterprises as a threat factor to competition. The concept of “price algorithm” and the goals of its use by enterprises are analyzed; it is concluded that the use of price algorithms is just one of the tools for conducting economic activity. At the same time, enterprises can pose a threat to competition by using price algorithms as an element of concluding anti-competitive agreements (concerted actions) between enterprises and illegal coordination of their activities. Restriction of competition through the use of price algorithms can harm consumers of goods, works, and services and should be controlled by antitrust authorities. Based on the analysis of the antitrust laws of the BRICS member countries, it is concluded that currently the concept of a “pricing algorithm” is not enshrined in the laws of any of the BRICS member states, however, there are prohibitions on anticompetitive agreements of enterprises and illegal coordination of economic activity. We refute the need to legally enshrine the concept of “price algorithm” in antitrust law. At the same time, it proves that enterprises should be held accountable for the use of the price algorithm as atool to limit competition. The paper proves that within the framework of interstate cooperation of the BRICS countries in the field of competition law, it is necessary to develop common approaches to antitrust regulation in the digital economy, including to ensure auniform approach to regulating and controlling the use of price algorithms by enterprises in the framework of economic activity.
Измерение напряженности электрического поля СВЧ излучения на частоте радиационного перехода между ридберговскими состояниями атомов -=SUP=-85-=/SUP=-Rb
Authors: Стельмашенко Е.Ф. , Клезович О.А. , Барышев В.Н. , Тищенко В.А. , Блинов И.Ю. , Пальчиков В.Г. , Овсянников В.Д.
Published: May 2020

Authors:
E.F. Stelmashenko(1), O.A. Klezovich(1), V.N. Baryshev(1), V.A. Tischenko(1), I.Yu. Blinov(1), V.G.Palchikov (1,2(, V. D. Ovsiannikov (1,3)

Affiliation:
(1)National Research Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements, Mendeleevo, Moscow Region , Russia
(2)National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
(3)Voronezh State University, University sq.1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia

Abstract:
Spectral characteristics are determined for the resonance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect on atomic rubidium vapours, induced by an intense radiation of the wavelength in the region from 479 to 486 nm in presence of a microwave (MW) radiation of a frequency from 1 to 300 GHz, which splits the energy of transition from the 5P3/2 state to a Rydberg state nD5/2 . The magnitude of the EIT peak splitting is proportional to the MW-radiation electric field. Simple approximation equations are derived for evaluating numerically the amplitude of transition between Rydberg nD5/2 and (n+1)P3/2 states with high principal quantum numbers n. An experimental setup is constructed for measuring the MW electric field on the basis of the EIT resonance-splitting measurements in absorption spectra of a probe radiation.
Особенности затухания свободной поляризации в ультратонких газовых ячейках
Authors: Измайлов А.Ч.
Published: May 2020

Optical effect of the free polarization decay is studied theoretically in the ultrathin gas cell whose inner thickness is less or order of the wavelength of exciting monochromatic laser pulse transmitted orthogonally to plane-parallel walls of the cell. New mechanism of the investigated effect is established which is caused by specifics of phase mismatch of light induced atomic dipole moments because of transit-time relaxation in such a cell. As a result, dynamics of the free polarization decay in the considered situation radically different from the known case in a usual (macroscopic) gas cell. Nontrivial oscillatory dependences of signals of the free polarization decay on the ratio of thickness of such a cell to the radiation wavelength of the exciting pulse have been discovered and analyzed.
Изотопные эффекты в спектрах комплексов с водородными связями. Ангармонические расчеты изотопологов комплекса [F(HF)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-]-=SUP=---=/SUP=-
Authors: Булычев В.П. , Бутурлимова М.В. , Тохадзе К.Г.
Published: May 2020

The frequencies and intensities of IR absorption bands of symmetric and asymmetric H-bonded complexes [FL1FL2F]- (L1, L2 = K-meson Ka, proton H, deuton D, and triton T) are calculated. The equilibrium configuration and potential energy and dipole moment surfaces of isotopologues [FL1FL2F]- were calculated by the MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd) method with the basis set superposition error taken into account. The calculations of spectral parameters with allowance for anharmonic interactions of all vibrations were carried out using the second-order vibrational perturbation theory. Variation of Li and L2 masses in wide regions allowed significant changes in the forms of normal vibrations and values of anharmonic interaction constants upon isotopic substitution to be obtained. The trends in the changes of spectral parameters were determined upon transition from one symmetric isotopologue to another and upon transition from symmetric to asymmetric isotopologues. The D-F stretching band frequency predicted for [FHFDF]- is in good agreement with the experimental value. The assignment of this band was improved.
Изотопические сдвиги уровней энергии в гелиеподобных многозарядных ионах
Authors: Зубова Н.А. , Кайгородов М.Ю. , Кожедуб Ю.С. , Малышев А.В. , Попов Р.В. , Савельев И.М. , Тупицын И.И. , Шабаев В.М.
Published: May 2020

The precision calculations of the isotope shifts of the $n = 1$, $n = 2$ energy levels and the corresponding transition energies in helium-like highly charged ions are performed. The total isotope shift is mainly determined by a sum of the field and mass shifts. The field shift is calculated by the configuration-interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm method. The quantum electrodynamics corrections to this contribution are taken into account approximately by using the corresponding one-electron formulas. The calculation of the mass shift is performed within the framework of the Breit approximation and includes the quantum electrodynamics contributions, which become very significant for heavy ions. For the thorium and uranium ions the nuclear polarization and deformation corrections are taken into account.
Расчет энергии и ширины сверхкритического резонанса в квазимолекуле урана
Authors: Мальцев И.А. , Шабаев В.М. , Зайцев В.А. , Попов Р.В. , Кожедуб Ю.C. , Тумаков Д.А.
Published: May 2020

The energy and width of the supercritical resonance, which appears after the diving of the
ground state of the uranium quasimolecule in the negative-energy Dirac continuum, are calculated. The calculations are performed taking into account the full two-center potential of the nuclei. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding values calculated in the monopole approximation and with taking into account the few lowest terms of the multipole expansion.
Expression of relativistic expectation values of powers of r in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Pain J.C.
Published: May 2020

It is shown that, in the relativistic hydrogenic approximation, expectation values of the type < nlj|rk|nlj> can be expressed in terms of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients or 3jm symbols. This generalizes the results obtained by Varshalovich and Karpova [Opt. Spectrosc. 118, 1-5 (2015); Opt. Spektrosk. 118, 3-7 (2015)] in the non-relativistic hydrogenic case. Keywords: relativistic hydrogenic approximation, expectation values of powers of r. Clebsch-Gordan coefficents.
Влияние связующего и красителей на механизм туннельной люминесепнции микрокристаллов AgBr(I)
Authors: Тюрин А.В. , Жуков С.А. , Ахмеров А.Ю.
Published: May 2020

It was previously found that in emulsion microcrystals (EMC) AgBr (I) (with silver content corresponding to pBr 4), the centers responsible for tunneling recombination at T = 77 K, with a maximum of luminescence at λmax~ 560 nm when excited from light from the absorption region of AgBr (I) EMCs (λ ~ 450 nm) as a result of temperature quenching, they undergo structural transformation into centers, which, under the same excitation, provide tunneling recombination with a wavelength depending on the binder: for EMC AgBr (I) obtained in water ‒ λmax~ 720 nm, in gelatin ‒ λmax~ 750 nm. In the present work, similar structural transformations of the centers determining tunneling recombination with λmax~ 560 nm, to the centers with luminescence on λmax~ 720 nm were implemented for AgBr (I) EMCs synthesized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an increase in the content of silver ions in the emulsion (from pBr 4 to 7). Responsible for this transformation, as follows from the obtained results, are mobile interstitial silver ions Agi +, which transform these tunnel recombination centers. The effect of the binder on the recombination processes in EMC AgBr (I) is manifested in changes in the kinetics of the increase in luminescence with λmax~ 560 nm upon excitation by light from the absorption region of AgBr (I) EMC (λ ~ 450 nm) to a stationary level. For a binder whose molecules do not interact with Ag centers Agin+, n = 1, 2 (water, PVA at pBr 4), increase in luminescence with λmax~ 560 nm occurs monotonically from zero to the maximum stationary level. For a binder (in our case, G is gelatin), whose molecules with centers Agin+ (n = 1,2) form complexes (Agin0G+), the kinetics of the increase in luminescence in EMC AgBr (I) to a stationary level at λmax~ 560 nm at pBr 4 is characterized by the presence of “flash flare”. Adsorption on the surface of EMC AgBr (I) (in PVA at pBr 7) of the dye is manifested as follows: if, before the introduction of the dye, the kinetics of the increase in luminescence with λmax~ 560 nm, when excited from light from the absorption region of AgBr (I) EMC (λ ~ 450 nm) to a stationary level, “flare-up” appeared, then after the introduction of the dye, the luminescence increases with λmax~ 560 nm occurs monotonically from zero to the maximum stationary level. Studies of the “flash” of luminescence stimulated by infrared (IR) light, after the termination of the action of exciting light, showed that when the kinetics of the increase in luminescence with λmax~ 560 nm to the stationary level, it exhibits "flare-up", a "flash" stimulated by IR light is not observed at λ ~ 560 nm. In the absence of “flash flare”, a “flash” at λ ~ 560 nm is observed. From our point of view, the results obtained indicate that “flare-up burning” is due to the presence of deep centers of electron localization with a small capture cross section, and not a photochemical reaction stimulated by exciting light. Key words: AgBr (I) microcrystals, emulsions, glow centers, luminescence flare-up.
Особенности фотолюминесценции перовскитов CH-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-NH-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-PBI-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, синтезированных на наноструктурированной поверхности TIO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Афанасьев Д.А. , Ибраев Н.Х.
Published: May 2020

Исследовано влияние наноструктурированной поверхности диоксида титана на фотолюминесценцию пленок металлоорганического перовскита CH3NH3PbI3. Обнаружено уменьшение интенсивности и времени жизни люминесценции CH3NH3PbI3 на поверхности TiO2, что указывает на перенос заряда с перовскита в диоксид титана. Наиболее эффективно перенос заряда протекает для перовскитных пленок, синтезированных на поверхности мезопористых пленок TiO2. Временная зависимость магнитного эффекта на люминесценции CH3NH3PbI3 на мезопористых пленках TiO2 связана с рекомбинационной люминесценцией, обусловленной прямым и обратным переносом электронов между перовскитом и диоксидом титана. Ключевые слова: диоксид титана, перовскит, наноструктурированные пленки, кинетика люминесценции, магнитный эффект.
Комбинационное рассеяние света в кремнии с нарушенной кристаллической структурой за счет имплантации ионов углерода
Authors: Иго А.В.
Published: May 2020

Зарегистрированы спектры комбинационного рассеяния света в кремнии с нарушенной кристаллической решеткой за счет имплантации ионов углерода энергией 40 keV и дозой 5· 1016 сm-2. Измерены параметры спектральной линии комбинационного рассеяния света имплантированных образцов после проведения термического отжига в диапазоне температур 600-1150oС. В результате измерений определена доля кристаллической фазы в зависимости от температуры отжига. Выявлены два термодинамических процесса, описывающие кинетику восстановления кристаллической решетки при отжиге. Показано, что слой кремния с нарушенной кристаллической решеткой при термическом отжиге восстанавливает свою кристалличность не одновременно во всем объеме, а в виде кластеров, которые с увеличением температуры отжига укрупняются. Проведены оценки размеров кристаллических кластеров для различных температур отжига. Проведенные расчеты учитывают сложную зависимость коэффициента поглощения света частично нарушенной кристаллической решетки от доли кристаллической фазы, возникающей в ней в процессе термического отжига. Ключевые слова: Комбинационное рассеяние света, кремний, нанокристаллы, ионная имплантация, отжиг, аморфная фаза.
Определение стехиометрии, концентрации ОН-групп и точечных дефектов в кристаллах ниобата лития по ИК спектрам поглощения
Authors: Теплякова Н.А. , Сидоров Н.В. , Палатников М.Н.
Published: May 2020

The concentration of OH groups, the ratio of Li/Nb, as well as the concentration of NbLi4+ and VLi- point defects is calculated from IR absorption spectra in the region of stretching vibrations of OH groups of LiNbO3 crystals. The crystals were of stoichiometric and congruent composition, as well as doped with doped near-threshold concentrations of magnesium and zinc. A correlation has been determined in behavior of IR absorption spectra bands of strongly doped LiNbO3:Mg and LiNbO3:Zn crystals with the behavior of the Raman spectra band that corresponds to stretching bridge vibrations of oxygen atoms in NbO6 octahedra along the polar axis.