bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Changes in Vascular and Neural Fibers Induced by Subretinal Fluid Excluding the Peripapillary Region in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kızıldag Ozbay Esra , Sabancı Şenol , Küçük Mehmet Fatih , Erol Muhammet Kazım
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: This study aims to evaluate the quantitative changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), specifically excluding the peripapillary region. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, involving 65 patients with chronic CSCR. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence or regression of subretinal fluid (SRF). A control group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals was also included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to assess RNFL thickness and RPC vessel density. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, with non-parametric tests employed for between-group comparisons. Results: Patients with persistent SRF exhibited significant increases in RNFL thickness in the inferior and nasal quadrants compared to healthy controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.014, respectively). Additionally, RPC vessel density in the small vessel disc area (%) was significantly lower in the persistent SRF group compared to controls (p = 0.021). A significant negative correlation was found between nasal quadrant RNFL thickness and small vessel disc area (p = 0.014, r = -0.306). Conclusions: Chronic SRF in CSCR patients, even when not involving the peripapillary region, leads to significant structural changes in both the neural and vascular components of the retina. These findings suggest that SRF contributes to broader retinal alterations and supports the need for early detection and management of CSCR to prevent long-term visual impairment.
Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Passion Fruit Peel Based on Various Extraction Methods
Authors: Song Ya , Shi Yunxin , Liu Yuting , Ma Yue , Lin Chenwenyi , Nie Ninglang , Song Xuqin , Yang Jian
Published: December 2024

In response to the significant waste of bioresources from passion fruit peels in the current market, aiming to enhance the economic benefits of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from passion fruit peels in the food industry, this study extracted the SDF from passion fruit peels using six different methods and assessed how these methods affected its physicochemical properties. The results indicated that the acid-assisted extraction method (AAE-1) was the most effective at protein removal among the six methods, and the SDF derived from this method had the highest extraction yield (17.05%), cation exchange capacity (1.17 mL/g), total monosaccharide content (92.6620 µg/mg), xylose (3.2187 µg/mg), and mannose (3.7334 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by enzyme-assisted extraction method（EAE）showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (66.67%), reducing sugar content (5.71%), oil holding capacity (5.86 g/g), and glucose content (55.9662 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by alkali-assisted extraction method (AAE-2) provided the highest water holding capacity (7.82 g/g), solubility (4.24 mL/g), and rhamnose content (3.0854 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) possessed the highest total sugar content (20.15%), ABTS radical scavenging capacity (65.46%), ferric ion reducing capacity (58.83%), and galactose content (7.8912 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by hot water-assisted extraction method (HWE) of soluble fiber from passion fruit peels had the highest arabinose content (5.3775 µg/mg) and galacturonic acid content (35.6795 µg/mg), as well as the highest weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn). These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of passion fruit peels.
Coronaviruses in Dogs
Authors: Lukmanova Galina , Glebova Tatyana , Klivleyeva Nailya , Saktaganov Nurbol , Webby Richard
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus (CoV) causes intestinal and respiratory diseases in birds, mammals, and humans. In dogs, CoV occurs in two main serotypes, namely, type I and type II, based on mutations and recombination in the spike protein. The pantropical strains are characterized as hypervirulent and multisystemic infections in dogs. Recent outbreaks of coronavirus infection among humans have attracted interest in animal CoV as a source of direct and indirect zoonoses. A literature search was conducted in research databases and open internet sources to analyze coronaviruses in dogs. A total of 189 sources were analyzed, with 142 published in the last decade. Canine coronavirus (CCoV) has undergone mutations and recombination over the past few decades, resulting in changes in tropism, virulence, and the formation of new divergent genetic lines. CCoV is a common component of the canine infectious respiratory disease complex and enteritis of all breeds and ages. CoV infection in pets raises concerns about spreading and transmitting the virus to people and other animals, posing risks to animal and public health. Understanding canine coronaviruses and genetic information sharing could improve prevention and control strategies for future zoonotic coronaviruses.
Evaluation of Virus Detection in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Tract Infections Using Quantitative Multiplex PCR
Authors: Yasui Yuto , Oishi Tomohiro , Kato Atsushi , Ogita Satoko , Eitoku Takahiro , Enoki Hideo , Nakano Takashi
Published: December 2024

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in children. Viruses are known to be related to most pediatric infections. However, some pediatric cases of RTI have been found to be associated with multiple viruses. In this study, we collected samples from the nasopharynx of all pediatric patients admitted to our hospital with RTI between April 2022 and March 2023 and performed multiple quantitative real-time PCRs. Out of 77 patients involved, 67 (87.0%) tested positive for some or the other virus. Rhinovirus was the most detected, followed by the RS virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. Among the patients, 18 (26.9%) had multiple viral infections and 14 had complications associated with obstructive respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, acute bronchiolitis, and asthmatic bronchitis. Furthermore, some cases were found to have both the main and non-main viruses. Multiple viruses were detected in approximately one-fourth of the children with RTIs; complications associated with obstructive respiratory diseases were considered to be the main factors.
Tailored Chitin Copolyesters: A Study of Butyric-Succinic Derivative for Advanced Material Applications
Authors: Bednarowicz Anna , Tarzyńska Nina , Patlewicz Marta , Pabjańczyk-Wlazło Ewelina K. , Szparaga Grzegorz , Draczyński Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

Chitin and its derivatives have been of interest to researchers for many years. However, due to its poor solubility, it is challenging to use chitin in various applications, and therefore, the search continues for ways to obtain soluble chitin derivatives. This study aimed to synthesise chitin esters, which could later be used to produce antibacterial materials. The esterification of chitin was carried out using butyric anhydride, succinic anhydride and methanesulfonic acid as catalysts. The products were analysed using FTIR ATR, 1 H NMR and TGA techniques. The different ratios of the butyric and succinic acid groups enable the control of the surface properties of the copolymer-made films.
Tensor Derivative in Curvilinear Coordinates
Authors: Ghosh Sourangshu
Published: December 2024

In this article, we mathematically rigorously derive the expressions for the Del Operator ∇, Divergence ∇ ·⃗v, Curl ∇ ×⃗v, Vector gradient ∇⃗v of Vector Fields ⃗v, Laplacian ∇2f ≡ ∆f of Scalar Fields f and Divergence ∇ · T of 2nd order Tensor Fields T in both Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates. We also derive the Directional Derivative (A · ∇)⃗v and Vector Laplacian ∇2⃗v ≡ ∆⃗v of Vector Fields ⃗v using metric coefficients in Rectangular, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates. We then generalized the concept of gradient, divergence and curl to Tensor Fields in any Curvilinear Coordinates. After that we rigorously discuss the concepts of Christoffel Symbols, Parallel Transport in Riemann Space, Covariant Derivative of Tensor Fields and Various Applications of Tensor Derivatives in Curvilinear Coordinates (Geodesic Equation, Riemann Curvature Tensor, Ricci Tensor and Ricci Scalar).
Experimental Setup and Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Electro Cyclone Filter Efficiency: Filtering of Ship Particulate Matter Emission
Authors: Šabanovič Aleksandr , Matijošius Jonas , Marinković Dragan , Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Gurauskis Donatas , Gutheil Johannes H. , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: December 2024

Ship emissions significantly impact air quality, particularly in coastal and port regions, contrib-uting to elevated concentrations of PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀, with varying effects observed across differ-ent locations. This study investigates the effectiveness of emission control policies, inland and port-specific contributions to air pollution, and the health risks posed by particulate matter (PM). A regression discontinuity model at Ningbo Port revealed that ship activities show mod-erate PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ variations. In Busan Port, container ships accounted for the majority of emissions, with social costs from pollutants estimated at USD 31.55 million annually. Inland shipping near the Yangtze River demonstrated significant PM contributions, emphasizing re-gional impacts. Health risks from PM₂.₅, a major global toxic pollutant, were highlighted, with links to respiratory, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders. Advances in air purification tech-nologies, including hybrid electrostatic filtration systems, showed promising efficiency in re-moving submicron particles and toxic gases, reducing energy costs. A Random Forest machine learning model developed to predict particulate concentrations post-cleaning demonstrated ro-bust performance (MAE=0.49 P/cm³, R²=0.97). These findings underscore the critical need for stringent emission controls, innovative filtration systems, and comprehensive monitoring to mitigate the environmental and health impacts of ship emissions.
Corn Seed Quality Detection Based on Spectral and Its Imaging Technology: A Review
Authors: Zhang Jun , Dai Limin , Huang Zhiwen , Gong Caidie , Chen Junjie , Xie Jiashuo , Qu Maozhen
Published: December 2024

As one of the most important food crops in the world, the quality assurance of corn seeds is of utmost significance in all stages of production, storage, circulation and breeding. However, the traditional detection method has some disadvantages, such as high labor intensity, strong subjectivity, low efficiency, cumbersome operation, high cost and possibly harmful to human health. In view of this, it is of great significance to study more advanced detection methods. In this paper, the application of near infrared spectroscopy and its imaging technology in the quality detection of corn seeds was reviewed. Firstly, the principles of these two technologies were introduced, and their components, data acquisition and processing methods, as well as portability were compared and discussed. Then, the application of these methods to the main quality of corn seeds (including variety and purity, vigor, internal components, mycotoxins and other qualities such as frost damage, hardness and maturity, etc.) was reviewed. The significance of corn quality characteristics and the function of the applied algorithm were emphasized.. Finally, the future research direction of spectral and its imaging technology was proposed, aiming to further enhance the accuracy, reliability, and practicability of the detection technology, provide valuable reference information for researchers, and contribute to global food security and sustainable agricultural development.
Leveraging AI-Generated Virtual Speakers to Enhance Multilingual e-Learning Experiences
Authors: Miranda Sergio , Vegliante Rosa
Published: December 2024

The growing demand for accessible and effective e-learning platforms has led to an increased focus on innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by diverse linguistic backgrounds of learners. This paper explores the use of AI-generated virtual speakers to enhance multilingual e-learning experiences. The study employs a system developed using Google Sheets and Google Script to create and manage multilingual courses, integrating AI-powered virtual speakers to deliver content in learners' native languages. The e-learning platform used is a customized Moodle, and three courses were developed: “Mental Wellbeing in Mining”, “Rescue in the Mine” and “Risk Assessment” for a European ERASMUS+ project. The study involved 150 participants from various educational and professional backgrounds. The main findings indicate that AI-generated virtual speakers significantly improve the accessibility of e-learning content. Participants preferred content in their native language and found AI-generated videos effective and engaging. The study concludes that AI-generated virtual speakers offer a promising approach to overcoming linguistic barriers in e-learning, providing personalized and adaptive learning experiences. Future research should focus on addressing ethical considerations, such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, and expanding the user base to include more languages and proficiency levels.
Simplified Analysis Model for Predicting the Crack Width and Deflection of Reinforced UHPC Shallow T-Shaped Beams
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Yichuan , Yuan Binchen , Zhu Ping
Published: December 2024

To predict the mid-span deflection and crack width of reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (R-UHPC) shallow T-shaped beams, a simplified analysis model has been introduced in this paper, considering several factors including shrinkage and creep, tension contribution of UHPC, the interface bond and tension stiffening effect. Four-point bending tests are conducted on six R-UHPC shallow beams with T-shaped sections to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed analysis model. The results show that: (1) the experimental load-deflection curves of R-UHPC shallow T-shaped beams exhibit sequential phases: a linear elastic phase, a nonlinear phase with multiple microcracks, a tension stiffening phase with rapid crack propagation, and a yielding phase with localized macro-cracks; (2) Regarding mid-span deflection, a comparison between the theoretical values from the simplified analysis model and the experimental measurements reveals a high degree of agreement prior to reinforcement yielding, while the load-bearing level at reinforcement yielding remains stable despite a substantial increase in mid-span deflection; (3) The ratios of cracking loads and crack widths at reinforcement yielding, calculated using the simplified analysis model, to the counterparts from experimental measurements are found to be within a range of 0.95 and 0.9, respectively. The average percentage differences between experimental and predicted values for cracking load and crack width at reinforcement yielding are 2.8% and 3.5% respectively, indicating that the theoretical analysis model accurately predicts cracking loads and crack widths. These findings demonstrate that the simplified analysis model proposed for reinforced UHPC shallow T-shaped beams exhibits both practical accessibility and high predictive accuracy for deflection and crack width calculations, which can serve as a valuable reference for the design and calculation of such beam configurations.
The Role of Amphibian AMPs Against Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases
Authors: Silva Ortíz Yudy Lorena , de Sousa Thaís Campos , Kruklis Natália Elisabeth , Galeano García Paula Liliana , Brango-Vanegas José Feliciano , Soller Ramada Marcelo Henrique , Franco Octavio Luiz
Published: December 2024

Amphibians use their skin as an efficient defense mechanism against predators and microorganisms. Within specialized glands, they produce antimicrobial peptides endowed with antioxidant properties that have demonstrated efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These peptides are considered promising candidates for treating diseases related to oxidative stress (OS). Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), along with age-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases and cancer, have been connected to redox imbalance and the associated ROS. This review explores the characteristics of antioxidant peptides (AOP) identified in amphibians, elucidates their mechanisms of action against molecular targets involved in the diseases above, and provides insights into future prospects.
Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction and Associated Risk Factors Following COVID-19-Related Hospitalisation
Authors: Verduri Alessia , Tonelli Roberto , Donatelli Pierluigi , Hewitt Jonathan , Guaraldi Giovanni , Milić Jovana , Ruggieri Valentina , Mussini Cristina , Clini Enrico , Beghè Bianca
Published: December 2024

Background: Studies have highlighted long-term respiratory muscle dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors, although the underlying risk factors remain unclear. This single-center study assessed respiratory muscle function and individual associated factors at follow-up in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and related acute respiratory failure.
Methods: Data were collected for consecutive patients, aged ≥18 years, at the post-COVID outpatient service of Hospital Policlinico in Modena (Italy) in the time frame of 3 to 6 months after discharge. Data were analysed using single and multiple logistic regression model. Correlation between MIP/MEP, hand-grip values and lung function were further explored.
Results: Out of 223 patients (mean age 67 years, 69% male) 121 (54.3%) exhibited MIP or MEP dysfunction which was found to be associated with use of non-invasive ventilation (OR=1.93 [1.08–3.52], p=0.03) and female gender (OR=1.96 [1.1–3.57], p=0.03) as indipendent risk factors. A positive correlation was observed between MIP dysfunction and hand-grip strength (p=0.03 and 0.01), whereas both MIP and MEP were significantly associated with FEV1, FVC, TLC, and DLCO.
Conclusions: Respiratory muscle dysfunction is consistently prevalent and parallels peripheral muscle weakness and lung fuction level in patients at follow up after severe COVID-19. The need for non-invasive ventilation during the acute phase and female gender might represent risk factors. MIP/MEP assessment should be recommended to observe respiratory muscle dysfunction in severe post-COVID survivors.
A Brief Review of EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Endogenous Paradigms for Innovative Device Applications
Authors: Baqeri Sayed Abulqasem , Ahmadi Sayed Mohammad , Koppelaar Henk
Published: December 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cornerstone technology in biomedical and computer sciences, extensively utilized for monitoring and analyzing brain activity. Brain signals are fundamental to understanding neurological abilities, disabilities, and cognitive processes, making their analysis critical for predicting and interpreting human behavior. Advancements in EEG technology have revolutionized the ability to decode brain waves, driving the rapid development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). These non-invasive systems facilitate direct interaction between humans and external devices by interpreting brain activity. Modern neurotechnology has expanded BCI applications far beyond traditional medical and clinical settings, influencing areas such as rehabilitation, education, and gaming. This systematic review examines EEG-based BCIs utilizing the motor imagery (MI) paradigm. A thorough literature search across multiple databases identified relevant publications from 2010 onward using terms like "BCI," "motor imagery," and "EEG." Out of 223 studies, 92 unique papers remained after removing duplicates. Following title and abstract screening, 96 studies focusing on BCI development were selected, excluding those limited to theoretical discussions of EEG.
Eco-Friendly Suppression of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae: The Role of Lactobacillus helveticus PMP-6 in Pomegranate Disease Management
Authors: Deshmukh Pravin Vasantrao , Thorat Prakash Ramrao , Wagh Sopan Ganpatrao , Pawar Bhausaheb D. , Pawar Bhausaheb Dyanoba
Published: December 2024

Pomegranate cultivation in the Indian peninsular region, particularly in Maharashtra, significantly contributes to farmers' economic well-being but faces threats from microbial diseases, notably bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus helveticus PMP-6 (Genebank accession number MT 444488) against said pathogen. The bacteriocin was purified, resulting in a specific activity increase from 233.849 AU/mg to 3615.81 AU/mg. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that the purified bacteriocin effectively inhibited X. axonopodis Xpp-1 at 40°C and pH 7.0, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 300 mg/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 400 mg/ml, particularly in the absence of proteases. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa for the isolated and purified bacteriocin. The efficacy was validated through the Detached Leaf Assay (DLA), confirming that treated samples exhibited no symptom development over 96 hours. This research represents the first documentation of the antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus helveticus PMP-6 against X. axonopodis, suggesting its potential as an eco-friendly biocontrol agent to enhance Pomegranate production and promote sustainable agriculture while reducing reliance on agrochemicals.
Vine Pruning Residues and Wine Fermentation By-Products, a Non-Exploited Source, Albania Case
Authors: Topi Dritan , Arapi Dritan , Seiti Bujar
Published: December 2024

Albania, situated in southeastern Europe, enjoys a Mediterranean climate well-suited for grape cultivation. Since the 1990s, the country has experienced a resurgence in its rich winemaking traditions, which have gained considerable attention over the last decade. Alongside its significant wine production, Albania generates large amounts of vine pruning waste and fermentation by-products, estimated at over 50,000 tons of prunings and 35900 tons of grape pomace annually. This waste is often burned outdoors, releasing considerable CO2 emissions and contributing to greenhouse gas levels. However, recycling these prunings into fertilizer presents a sustainable choice, providing key minerals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and various micronutrients, thereby lessening the dependence on synthetic fertilizers in farming. Additionally, there is a potential for using wine fermentation waste as fertilizer for agricultural land or vineyards. The Albanian wine sector has significant untapped opportunities, such as employing vine pruning ash as a mineral fertilizer to help achieve sustainability goals.
Chemical Characterization and Prevention of Lipid Accumulation in a Cell Model for Liver Steatosis by Selected Plant Extracts from Côa Valley (Portugal)
Authors: Amorim Ricardo , Marques Mário Pedro , Melim Catarina , Varela Carla , Sardão Vilma A. , Teixeira José , Dias Maria I. , Barros Lillian , Oliveira Paulo J. , Cabral Célia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Côa Valley located in the northeast of Portugal, harbors more than 500 medicinal plant species. Among them, four species stand out: Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. used to treat hemorrhages, urethritis, hepatitis, and rheumatic diseases; Rumex scutatus L. subsp. induratus (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag. consumed in salads or with mashed potatoes and used to reduce inflammation and constipation; Geranium purpureum Vill. and Geranium lucidum L. used as antipyretic agents, for pain relief, to halt hemorrhages, and to address gastric and inflammatory diseases. Given the immense medicinal potential of these four species, we evaluated its protective effect on in vitro model for the lipotoxicity associated to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD). Methods: Cytotoxicity of decoction (D) and hydroalcoholic (EtOH80%) extracts from the four species was assessed through the resazurin and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Lipoprotection potential was determined by incubating previously human HepG2 cells with the extracts and then incubated with palmitic acid (PA). Lipid accumulation was determined through the Nile Red assay. Results: The extracts induced minimal cell metabolic and cell mass decrease at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations, indicating their safety. At 100 µg/mL, the cell metabolic activity was moderately affected in all extracts, except for E. ramosissimum extracts. Pre-incubation with E. ramosissimum decoction, significantly decreased the neutral lipid accumulation measured after PA accumulation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that E. ramosissimum decoction, rich in kaempferol derivatives, exhibits a notable capacity reducing lipid accumulation in the cell model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
Anti-Diabetic Effects of Plant-Derived Natural Products – Where We Are and Where to Go
Authors: Alhajje Katrina , Golushko Nikita , Erofeeva Natalia , Romanovskaya Ekaterina , Tupe Rashmi , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, insulin dysfunction, and a substantial global health burden. Current pharmacological therapies often bring undesired side effects and limited long-term efficiency. These factors drive interest in the direction of preventive and complementary strategies. Plant-derived secondary metabolites – phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes, organosulfur compounds and polyacetylenes, demonstrate promising anti-diabetic activities. These compounds can modulate key molecular targets involved in glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and development of oxidative stress, thereby improving glycemic control and reducing the risk of complications. Also, natural products can inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, enhance insulin secretion and sensitivity, regulate glucose transporters, and suppress pathways associated with inflammatory responses and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Many of them also demonstrate pronounced antioxidant and antiglycative properties with all accompanying features - metal-chelating effects, α-dicarbonyl trapping properties, and interference with the AGE-RAGE axis, collectively mitigating vascular damage and attenuating diabetic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent studies highlight that certain plant metabolites can stabilize Nrf2, inhibit NF-κB activation, improve pancreatic β-cell function, and reduce protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. In this review we comprehensively address all this aspects with a special emphasis on the antiglycative properties as one of the central component of the overall anti-diabetic activity. Further, we discuss the further prospective in the biochemistry of plant-derived natural products in terms of antidiabetic, antiglycative and antioxidant agents. Although further research is needed to clarify their pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in humans, the emerging evidence underscores the potential of plant secondary metabolites as natural, multifaceted agents for the prevention and management of diabetes and its associated complications.
Road Markings – Improvement of Sustainability Through Selection of Durable Materials
Authors: Burghardt Tomasz E. , Wiesinger Friedrich
Published: December 2024

Road markings belong to inalienable elements of road infrastructure responsible for increasing traffic safety. They are speciality industrial maintenance coatings that undergo deterioration under usage, which necessitates their renewals to assure preservation of performance parameters. Prior results from a transverse lines field test indicated profound dissimilarities between functional service life that could be achieved with various materials used for road markings. Herein is presented a life cycle assessment based on the results from that study. Global Warming Potential (GWP) resulting from the use of the tested road markings was calculated for a series of renewals to maintain the performance parameters above the required minimum of 1.0 m² of marked surface for 20.0 million vehicle passes. The outcome clearly indicates that the sustainability of road markings is controlled by the functional service life that they provided and not their composition. The calculated total GWP for the series of renewals varied from 15 to 107 kg CO₂ eq., but in most cases was <30 kg CO₂ eq. The choice of materials – both the paints and the glass beads – was shown as playing a pivotal role in the provided functional service life; hence, affecting the GWP. Through furnishing better night time visibility, also road safety was likely positively affected, even though such effects could not be calculated.
The Hetero-Polysaccharide from the Extreme Haloarchaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica: Application Properties
Authors: Squillaci Giuseppe , Baraldi Lidia , Stanzione Luigi , Capuozzo Andrea , Morana Alessandra
Published: December 2024

Some potential application properties of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Haloterrigena turkmenica (Htg. turkmenica) were investigated. The antioxidant power was measured using the ABTS radical cation and the superoxide radical anion. The EPS displayed high scavenging activity, with IC50 of 0.82 and 0.34 mg/mL for the radical cation and the radical anion, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was also remarkable. In fact, the biopolymer showed the same BSA denaturation inhibition as ibuprofen, used as positive control (73.29% and 73.19%, respectively). The heavy metal uptake was evaluated towards Pb++, Cd++ and Cu++ ions, and the EPS had a good Pb++ binding capacity reaching 80.36% metal removal at 10 mg/L ion concentration, and adsorption capacity of 123.36 mg/g EPS at 50 mg/L. It was also able to remove methylene blue from an aqueous solution with 50.43% efficiency and 523.33 mg/g EPS adsorption capacity. The overall results demonstrate that the EPS from Htg. turkmenica shows interesting features, remarkable from an application viewpoint in sectors as cosmetic, food, and environment.
Evaluation of Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Patients with Esophagitis
Authors: Yucel Oguzhan , Kerkutluoglu Murat , Celik Enes , Aydin Mesut , Solak Hatice Cilem , Erogul Kagan , Gunes Hakan
Published: December 2024

Background: Atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) is an important echocardiographic marker associated with the development of atrial arrhythmias. Although the relationship between esophagitis and arrhythmias has been hypothesized, the impact of esophagitis on atrial EMD remains unclear.
Objective: This study evaluates intra- and interatrial EMD in patients with esophagitis and compares them to a control group using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).
Methods: A total of 60 patients with esophagitis (classified as Los Angeles grades A or B) and 30 healthy controls underwent echocardiographic evaluations, including conventional and tissue Doppler imaging. Atrial EMD parameters were measured, and their associations with esophagitis severity were analyzed.
Results: Patients with esophagitis exhibited significantly prolonged lateral PA, PA septum, and inter- and intra-atrial EMD compared to controls (all p < 0.01). Electromechanical delays were more pronounced in patients with Los Angeles grade B esophagitis compared to grade A. Chronic inflammation, vagal stimulation, and cytokine-mediated fibrosis were identified as potential mechanisms contributing to EMD prolongation.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that atrial EMD is significantly prolonged in patients with esophagitis. Prolonged EMD may serve as an early marker for arrhythmias, necessitating further research into the implications for clinical management.
Machine Learning-Based Computer Vision for Depth Camera-Based Physiotherapy Movement Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhou Yafeng , Rashid Fadilla ’Atyka Nor , Mat Daud Marizuana , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Chen Wangmei
Published: December 2024

Background: Machine learning-based computer vision techniques using depth cameras have shown potential in physiotherapy movement assessment. However, a comprehensive understanding of their implementation, effectiveness, and limitations remains needed.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Astrophysics Data System databases (2020-2024). From 371 initially identified publications, 18 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis.
Results: The analysis revealed three primary implementation scenarios: local (50\%), clinical (33.4\%), and remote (22.3\%). Depth cameras, particularly the Kinect series (65.4\%), dominated data collection methods. Data processing approaches primarily utilized RGB-D (55.6\%) and skeletal data (27.8\%), with algorithms split between traditional machine learning (44.4\%) and deep learning (41.7\%). Key challenges included limited real-world validation, insufficient dataset diversity, and algorithm generalization issues.
Conclusions: While machine learning-based computer vision systems demonstrated effectiveness in movement assessment tasks, further research is needed to address validation in clinical settings and improve algorithm generalization. This review provides a foundation for enhancing computer vision-based assessment tools in physiotherapy practice.
Chemical Informatics Combined with Kendrick Mass Analysis to Enhance Annotation and Identify Pathways in Soybean Metabolomics
Authors: Wood Troy D. , Tiede Erin R. , Izydorczak Alexandra M. , Zemaitis Kevin J. , Ye Heng , Nguyen Henry T.
Published: December 2024

Among abiotic stresses to agricultural crops, drought stress is the most prolific and has worldwide detrimental impacts. The soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important sources of nutrition to both livestock and humans. Different plant introductions (PI) of soybeans have been identified to have different drought tolerance levels. Here, two soybean lines, Pana (drought sensitive) and PI 567731 (drought tolerant) were selected to identify chemical compounds and pathways which could be targets for metabolomic analysis induced by abiotic stress. Extracts from the two lines are analyzed by direct infusion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The high mass resolution and accuracy of the method allows for identification of ions from hundreds of different compounds in each cultivar. The exact m/z of these species were filtered through SoyCyc and the Human Metabolome Database to identify possible molecular formulas of the ions. Next, the exact m/z values are converted into Kendrick masses and their Kendrick mass defects (KMD) computed, which are then sorted from high to low KMD. This latter process assists in identifying many additional molecular formulas, and is noted to be particularly useful in identifying formulas whose mass difference corresponds to two hydrogen atoms. In this study, more than 460 ionic formulas are identified in Pana, and more than 340 ionic formulas are identified in PI 567731, with many of these formulas reported from soybean for the first time. Using the SoyCyc matches, the metabolic pathways from each cultivar are compared, providing for lists of molecular targets available to profile effects of abiotic stress on these soybean cultivars. Key metabolites include chlorophylls, pheophytins, mono- and diacylglycerols, cycloeucalenone, squalene, and plastoquinones and involve pathways which include the anabolism and catabolism of chlorophyll, glycolipid desaturation, and biosynthesis of phytosterols, plant sterols, and carotenoids.
Compositional Changes for Volatile Organic Compounds in Biogases and Biomethanes Depending on the Feedstock in Sweden
Authors: Arrhenius Karine , Hultmark Sandra
Published: December 2024

Biogas usually contains volatile organic compounds such as terpenes, siloxanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, furans and esters which presence in the biogas is highly dependent on the feedstock. These trace components can affect the integrity of the materials they come into contact with e.g. equipment, pipelines, engines and their presence in the gas may pose health, safety and environmental risks. Understanding the composition of gases is a prerequisite to ensure the correct function of gas infrastructure, appliances and vehicles. This study examined how volatile organic compound (VOC) content in biogas varies depending on the feedstock and evaluate the efficiency of different upgrading processes in removing VOCs. The data, primarily collected in Sweden, includes biogases produced in digesters and landfills. The selection of VOCs included in the study was based on extensive analysis of samples collected from numerous biogas- and biomethane industrial facilities over an extended period, providing a comprehensive overview of VOC composition. The data has multiple potential uses, including predicting which VOCs would be found in biomethane for a given feedstock and upgrading technique. Additionally, this data can also be used in the standardization discussions to assess the plausibility of the proposed limit values and the need to regulate additional compounds.
Analysis of the Electrochemical Properties of LT-SOFCs According to the Thickness of PrOx Cathode Interlayer
Authors: Jeon Ji Woong , Park Jun Geon , Kim Geon Hyeop , Lee Seung Heon , Shin Jeong Woo , Cho Gu Young
Published: December 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attracting attention as an eco-friendly power source because they show high power density. However, SOFC requires a high-temperature environment of 800℃ or higher, and accordingly, the problem of thermal stability of the material constituting SOFC has been raised. On the other hand, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) research is steadily progressing to improve the electrochemical performance at low temperatures by improving the oxygen reduction reaction of the cathode by applying a cathode interlayer of various materials. In this study, LT-SOFCs were manufactured and electrochemical evaluated using praseodymium oxide (PrOx) as a cathode interlayer. Scandium Stabilized Zirconia (ScSZ) pellets were used as electrolyte support for LT-SOFC, and PrOx was deposited by various thicknesses as a cathode interlayer on ScSZ pellets by a sputtering process. Pt and Ni were deposited under the same process conditions for cathode and anode, respectively. To analyze the thin film characteristics of the PrOx cathode interlayer, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) were analyzed. The electrochemical characteristics of LT-SOFCs were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). 50 sccm of hydrogen is supplied to the anode and the performance of LT-SOFC is evaluated at 500°C by exposure to the cathode in the atmosphere.
An Integrated Statistical, Geostatistical and Hydrogeological Approach for Assessing and Modelling Groundwater Salinity and Quality in Nile Delta Aquifer
Authors: Shaddad Sameh , Castrignanò Annamaria , Di Curzio Diego , Rusi Sergio , Abu Salem Hend S , Nosair Ahmed M
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of seawater intrusion is becoming increasingly problematic, particularly in low-lying coastal regions and areas that rely heavily on aquifers for their freshwater supply. It is therefore vital to address the causes and consequences of this phenomenon in order to ensure the security of water resources and the sustainable use of water. The objective of this paper was twofold: firstly, to delineate zones with different salinization levels over time; secondly, to investigate the factors controlling seawater intrusion of the Nile Delta aquifer. Aquifer data were collected in Sharkia governorate, Egypt over three historical periods of years: 1996, 2007 and 2018. The dataset used to create the linear model of coregionalization consisted of hydrogeological (hydraulic head), hydrodynamic (pH, EC, Na, Mg, K, Ca, HCO3, SO4) and auxiliary (distances from salt and freshwater sources) variables. Cokriging was applied to produce spatial thematic maps of the studied variables for the three years of survey. In addition, Factorial cokriging was applied to understand the processes beyond the change in the aquifer water quality as well as mapping the zones with similar characteristics. Results of mapping the first factor at long range over the three years indicated that there was an increase in seawater intrusion especially in the northeastern part of the study area. The main cause of aquifer salinization over time was the depletion of the groundwater resource due to overexploitation.
The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade as a Neural Network
Authors: Nesterov-Mueller Alexander
Published: December 2024

The combinatorial fusion cascade provides a surprisingly simple and complete explanation for the origin of the genetic code based on competing protocodes. Although its molecular basis is only beginning to be uncovered, it represents a natural pattern of information generation from initial signals and has potential applications in designing more efficient neural networks. By utilizing the properties of the combinatorial diffusion cascade, we demonstrate its embedding into deep neural networks with sequential fully connected layers using the dynamic matrix method and compare the resulting modifications. We observe that the Fiedler Laplacian eigenvector of a combinatorial cascade neural network does not reflect the cascade architecture. Instead, eigenvectors associated with the cascade structure exhibit higher Laplacian eigenvalues and are distributed widely across the network, enhancing robustness to noise. As an example, we analyze a text classification model consisting of two sequential transformer layers with an embedded cascade architecture. The cascade shows a significant influence on the classifier's performance, particularly when trained on a reduced dataset (approximately 3% of the original). The properties of the combinatorial fusion cascade are further examined for their application in training neural networks without relying on traditional error backpropagation.
Genome-Wide Characterisation of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Gene Family in Betula platyphylla Reveals Promising Candidates for Heat Tolerance
Authors: Guo Shengzhou , Chen Hao , Wu Hongwei , Xu Zuyuan , Yang Hao , Lin Qinmin , Feng Hanyu , Zeng Zilu , Wang Sanjiao , Liu Haolin , Liu Xiaomin , Cao Shijiang , Wang Kang
Published: December 2024

Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) play a critical role in orchestrating cellular responses to elevated temperatures and various stress conditions. While extensively studied in model plants, the HSF gene family in Betula platyphylla remains unexplored, despite the availability of its sequenced genome. In this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to identify 21 BpHSF genes within the B. platyphylla genome, revealing their uneven distribution across chromosomes. These genes were categorized into three subfamilies: A, B, and C. Each characterized by conserved protein motifs and gene structures, with notable divergence observed between subfamilies. Collinearity analysis suggested that segmental duplication events have driven the evolutionary expansion of the BpHSF gene family. Promoter region analysis identified an array of cis-acting elements linked to growth, development, hormonal regulation, and stress responses. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed the nuclear localization of BpHSFA2a, BpHSFB1a, and BpHSFC1a, consistent with in silico predictions. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of BpHSF genes and their dynamic responses to heat stress, with qPCR validation highlighting a significant upregulation of BpHSFA2a under high-temperature conditions. In summary, this study provided a comprehensive characterization of the HSF gene family in B. platyphylla, laying a solid foundation for future functional studies. Particularly, BpHSFA2a emerges as a promising candidate gene for enhancing heat tolerance in B. platyphylla, warranting further detailed investigation.
Impact of Cyber Space on Security in the Context of Armed Conflicts: Towards Disaster Risk Resilience
Authors: Milenković Dalibor , Cvetković Vladimir M. , Ivanov Aleksandar , Renner Renate
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of cyberspace has profoundly impacted security dynamics and the conduct of armed conflicts. As an integral domain in modern warfare, cyberspace intertwines with traditional conflict factors, such as human and material resources, space, time, and information, redefining their roles and interactions. This paper explores the influence of cyberspace on security within the context of armed conflicts, highlighting its dual nature as a battlefield and a tool for shaping strategic outcomes. Emphasis is placed on integrating advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), in enhancing operational capabilities and addressing hybrid and informational warfare. Furthermore, the study examines the critical role of disaster risk resilience in mitigating the cascading effects of cyber-related disruptions during conflicts. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach combining technical innovations, organizational strategies, and robust regulatory frameworks. The paper concludes that achieving resilience in cyberspace requires multidisciplinary collaboration, continuous capacity building, and the alignment of security policies with emerging technological challenges. The findings highlight the critical importance of integrating digital infrastructures, regulatory frameworks, and innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), to mitigate cascading effects during armed conflicts. By emphasizing adaptive strategies and capacity-building, the paper offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to strengthen societal and infrastructural resilience in the face of hybrid threats.
Formulasi dan Uji Antibakteri Formula Optimum Gel Kitosan Kulit Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannaemei) sebagai Antiakne
Authors: Widyaningrum Naniek , Septiana Fita Nadia , Wijayanti Rina , Arief Thendi Abdul
Published: December 2024

Acne vulgaris atau jerawat merupakan infeksi pori-pori kulit yang tersumbat dengan lemak yang berlebih. Faktor lainnya disebabkan oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme Propionibacterium acnes. Kitosan kulit udang vannamei diketahui berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Kitosan kulit udang vannamei dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel untuk mendapatkan kenyamaan dan kemudahan dalam penggunaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui formula optimum sediaan gel kitosan kulit udang vannamei sebagai antiakne. Optimasi formula menggunakan Simplex Latice Design dengan variasi konsentrasi gelling agent berupa karbopol dan HPMC. Uji evaluasi fisik sediaan gel dan uji antibateri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dilakukan. Hasil penelitian formula optimal karbopol dan HPMC diperoleh perbandingan 0.5 : 0.5 dengan persentase (1,25%)  dan HPMC (0,725%). Uji evaluasi fisik sediaan gel menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel memiliki sifat fisik yang baik dengan viskositas 4.616 cps, pH 7.25, dan daya sebar 6.43. Hasil uji antibakteri Propionibacterium acnes didapatkan hasil daya hambat dari sampel gel kitosan (20.73 mm ± 1.33) kuat dan kontrol positif (28.56 mm ± 0.91) sangat kuat. Formula optimum dengan perbandingan karbopol dan HPMC (0.5:0.5) gel kitosan kulit udang vannamei memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acne dan memenuhi persyaratan uji sifat fisik.  