bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urgensi pendidikan Islam dalam membentuk karakter siswa di era revolusi industri 4.0
Authors: Lisnawati Lisnawati
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana pergeseran peran guru dan bagaimana pendikan Islam membentuk karakter peserta didik di tengah arus revolusi industri 4.0. Adanya pergeseran peran guru yang sebelumnya teacher centered kemudian menjadi fasilitator menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan paradigma orientasi pembelajaran menjadi student centered. Proses intraksi guru dan murid dalam membentuk karakter siswa tidak maksimal sebagaimana dalam posisi teacher centered, bisa jadi karena para guru tidak lagi leluasa atau punya ruang yang lebih. Karena itu, pergeseran ini berimplikasi pada terciptanya krisiskarakter siswa. Krisis karakter siswa belakangan ini menjadi problem serius yang rame diperbincangkan dan dihadapi oleh dunia pendidikan. Bisa jadi karena eksistensi pendidikan Agama Islam yang kental dengan pendekatan tradisional (teacher orinteded) tidak lagi dianggap solutif dalam paradigma baru student oriented untuk membentuk karakter siswa yang religius. Padahal hasil research menjelaskan bahwa keberhasilan dalam membentuk karakter siswa melalui pendidikan agama Islam selama ini diciptakan melalui berbagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Kerena itu, kemampuan guru dalam menyisipkan nilai-nilai karakterdalam proses pembelajaran, baik dalam kegiatan intra-kurikuler maupun ekstrakurikuler merupakan sebuah solusi sekaligus penegasan bahwa pendidkan agama Islam merupakan salah satu cara dalam membangun karakter siswa yang religius.
Radiographic evaluation of the lower forelimbs of Nigerian horses presenting with lower forelimb lameness in Obollo-Afor horse lairage
Authors: Ogbanya K. C. , Eze C. A. , Nnaji T. O.
Published: March 2021

Lower forelimb lameness is an important health issue with serious economic impact in equine husbandry. Radiographic confirmation of the cause of lameness is a necessity in lameness management and treatment. The current study was aimed to radiographically identify the possible skeletal causes of lower forelimb lameness in Nigerian horses at Obollo-Afor horse lairage. During the period of May 2019 to July 2019, 20 horses of both sexes between the ages of 5 to 10 years presenting with lower forelimb lameness were selected following clinical examination. The forelimbs of the selected horses were subsequently subjected to radiographic examination. Three horses (15%) out of the 20 sampled were radiographically identified as having neoplastic-like lesions. One horse (5%) had luxation of interphalangeal joint. The radiographic dorsopalmer view showed bilateral side bones in 35% of the horses. Ventropalmer radiographic view revealed a unilateral side bone in four horses (20%) out of the 20 horses sampled. Diagnosed lower forelimb lameness in the sampled horses could have been caused by the observed osteopathological conditions.

 

 

La diminution de la boiterie des membres antérieurs est un problème de santé important qui a de graves répercussions économiques sur l'élevage équidé. La confirmation radiographique de la cause de la boitosité est une nécessité dans la gestion et le traitement de boiteux. L'étude actuelle visait à identifier par radiographie les causes squelettiques possibles de la boite inférieure du membre antérieur chez les chevaux nigérians à l'antre des chevaux d'Obollo- Afor. Au cours de la période de mai 2019 à juillet 2019, 20 chevaux des deux sexes âgés de 5 à 10 ans présentant une boitosité inférieure du membre antérieur ont été sélectionnés à la suite d'un examen clinique. Les membres antérieurs des chevaux sélectionnés ont ensuite été soumis à un examen radiographique. Trois chevaux (15%) sur les 20 échantillons échantillonnés ont été radiographiquement identifiés comme ayant des lésions néoplastiques-comme. Un cheval (5%) avait luxation de joint interphalangeal. La vue radiographique de dorsopalmer a montré les os latéraux bilatéraux dans 35% des chevaux. La vue radiographique de Ventropalmer a indiqué un os latéral unilatéral dans quatre chevaux (20%) sur les 20 chevaux échantillonnés. La boite inférieure diagnostiquée d'aelimb dans les chevaux échantillonnés pourrait avoir été provoquée par les conditions ostéopathologiques observées.
Conquistas e desafios das pesquisas com Células-Tronco no Brasil
Authors: Acero Liliana , Antunes Diogo
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta os principais resultados obtidos da realização de um seminário que tratou das tendências econômicas e sociais nas pesquisas com células-tronco no Brasil e no mundo, bem como das relações entre ciência, sociedade, regulação, ética e políticas públicas. O seminário reuniu representantes da ciência, da academia, da regulação e da sociedade civil. Foram enumerados e discutidos os principais desafios éticos e de saúde pública na governança e na formação das instituições que possibilitem a translação dos resultados dessas pesquisas em terapias clínicas.
Síndrome Hemofagocítico en Niños
Authors: Terán Pazmiño Edison Esteban , Paredes Castillo Fabián Patricio , Martínez Mena Jenny Maricela , Guerra Navarrete María Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El síndrome hemofagocítico (SHF) es reconocido como un conjunto de signos clínicos y hallazgos laboratoriales que tienen un grave compromiso en la salud y vitalidad de los niños con una incidencia de 1.2 casos/millón/año. Puede pasar subdiagnosticado y confundido con sepsis de foco inespecífico.
Caso clínico: Niño de 4 años de edad, sin antecedentes de importancia. Ingresado desde el servicio de emergencia por presentar 20 días de  fiebre y dolor abdominal. Requirió intubación por franca falla respiratoria y el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Con hipotensión e insuficiencia hepática, pancitopenia y esplenomegalia.
Evolución: Se descartaron infecciones bacterianas con policultivos, SARS-Cov 2 negativo, se descartaron  inmunodeficiencias congénitas y adquiridas. TORCH negativo, VDRL no reactivo. La prueba de Epstein Barr fue positivo para IgM. Se determinó endocarditis con derrame pericárdico global. Estudio de biopsia medular normocromía, normocitosis, pancitopenia y blastos <5%, sin infiltración tumoral. Se estableció el Diagnóstico de SHF se inició ciclosporina y corticoterapia. Requirió ventilación mecánica por 20 días con período de pronación de 36 horas. Fue dado de alta a pediatría y posteriormente a domicilio, para control por consulta externa.
Conclusión: El diagnóstico del SHF es inusual y subestimado al momento de la evaluación clínica. En el presente reporte se asocia a la presencia del Virus Epstein Barr
Quiste Óseo Aneurismático en Clavícula
Authors: Reinoso Recalde David Israel , Ríos Méndez Raúl Enrique , Pazmiño Miranda Ana María , Astudillo Neira EDITOR: Paúl
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El quiste óseo aneurismático es una neoplasia benigna poco común de aparición en edad temprana. Tiene mayor incidencia en huesos largos y en la columna vertebral. Su etiología es incierta, aunque suele asociarse a traumatismo, probablemente debido a obstrucción venosa o a la formación de fístulas que se producen tras la contusión.
Caso: En este estudio se presenta el caso de un paciente de 15 años sin antecedentes de trauma que presenta un quiste óseo aneurismático en clavícula, localización poco habitual para esta patología.
Evolución: Se le brindó tratamiento con terapia esclerosante con Polidocanol al 3% por 8 ocasiones con respuesta favorable. No ha requerido cirugía hasta el momento.
Conclusión: El tratamiento esclerosante fue exitoso en este informe de casos.
Los Cambios Neurobiológicos Producidos por el Maltrato Infantil perpetúan el Ciclo de Violencia
Authors: Guerrero Aisaga María Augusta , Pineda Cruz Silvia Salomé , Salazar Pineda Natalia , Capelo Guerrero María Doménica
Published: March 2021

Propósito del ensayo: La hipótesis del presente estudio es que los cambios Neurobiológicos producidos por el Maltrato Infantil perpetúan el Ciclo de violencia. Buscamos reportes en donde se presentan cambios Neurobiológicos y neuroendócrinos en la relación a niños con maltrato infantil.

Recientes Hallazgos: El estrés crónico en los niños produce lesiones en el sistema límbico que afecta las emociones y la memoria. Hay variantes genéticas, como por ejemplo en el gen de transporte de serotonina, estas variantes son la causa para el desarrollo de resilencia neurobiológica

Extracto: El Maltrato Infantil a temprana edad produce consecuencias devastadoras en el cerebro del niño, resultando en múltiples psicopatologías y, lo que es más importante, perpetuando o repitiendo los ciclos de violencia. Esto ocurre no únicamente por conductas aprendidas sino, sobre todo, por cambios neurobiológicos que experimentan los niños maltratados.
Aktualisasi Perilaku Aparatur dalam Pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: March 2021

The results of the study discovered that the actualization of personnel in building construction permit services in Lhokseumawe city, Aceh, Indonesia, is manifested through fair behavior, work quality behavior, competency behavior, initiative behavior, communication behavior, and work standard behavior. This research concludes that although the behavior of the officials has been manifested in the aforementioned behavior, it has not been fully actualized in the building construction permit service, because there are still many internal and external obstacles. Internal obstacles such as limited personnel resources, services that are not yet transparent and not accountable. Besides, there is no certainty of time, no operational standard work, and complicated bureaucratic path. The external obstacle is the lack of public legal awareness, and most of them have not fulfilled the completeness of administrative documents. It is suggested that the apparatus can actualize their behavior in IMB services optimally. This study suggests that the stakeholder should provide particular and extra training and education for the personnel, including character building, as well as forming a special team to supervise and evaluate the IMB.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ANTASIDA TERHADAP EFEK ANALGETIK ASPIRIN PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus-Musculus L)
Authors: Rikomah Setya Enti
Published: March 2021

Antasida merupakan suatu basa lemah yang mengikat asam secara kimia dan menetralkan asam lambung. Aspirin merupakan golongan NSAID yang mempunyai efek sebagai analgetik yang bekerja pada nyeri ringan sampai sedang mempunyai sifat analgetik, antipiretik, dan antiinflamasi. Aspirin dan antasida apabila di berikan dalam waktu yang bersamaan akan menimbulkan interaksi obat, antasida meningkatkan pH urine sehingga klirens salisilat meningkat dan dosis salisilat dalam darah menurun.Proses penelitian ini, menggunakan hewan mencit jantan sebanyak 16 ekor, di bagi dalam 4 kelompok tiap kelompok masing-masing 4 ekor mencit. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Sigmund, yaitu metode yang menggunakan larutan asam asetat 1% sebanyak 0,3 ml.Hasil penelitian pada percobaan ini,berdasarkan jumlah geliat pada mencit dan hasil pengolahan data SPSS16 bahwa pengaruh pemberian antasida terhadap efek analgetik dari aspirin meningkat. di tunjukan dengan adanya jumlah geliat mencit yang tertinggi.
Incidence Model of Intestinal Helminthiasis Infections in Toddler with Nutritional Problems in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency
Authors: Olin Wilhelmus , Paun Rafael , D.P.K Niron Maria F. Vinsensia.
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of nutritional problems for infants under 5 years of age (toddlers) in East Nusa Tenggara reaches 40.3%, the highest compared to other provinces in Indonesia. This figure is above the national nutritional problem prevalence of 29.6%. One of the factors that causes the nutritional status of children under five is an intestinal worm infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence model of intestinal worm infection in children under five with nutritional problems in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Quantitative research method with cross sectional study design. The sample size of this study is a total population of 80 children under five and the independent variables are environmental sanitation and personal hygiene and the dependent variable is malnutrition and low nutrition status. The data collection technique was carried out by weighing to determine the nutritional status and followed by fecal examination to identify worm eggs and analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the incidence of intestinal worm infections was 42% of children under five with nutritional problems. The results of statistical tests showed that there was an effect of snacking habits p value = 0.024 and food storage p value = 0.033. The conclusion is that the incidence of intestinal worm infections in children under five with nutritional problems is influenced by eating habits and opened food storage.
Comparing the Executive Functions of Mothers with and Without Autistic Children
Authors: Moradi Nasser , Bakhshani Nour-Mohammad , Sarani Yaztappeh Jafar
Published: March 2021

Background: Measuring the executive functioning in parents of children with autism is a way to specify the role of different aspects of executive functioning in the etiology of autism. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the executive functioning in mothers of children with and without autism. Methods: Following a case-control design, this study was conducted on 60 people (mothers of children with (n = 30) and without autism (n = 30) referred to the welfare rehabilitation centers of Zahedan, South East of Iran, in 2017 (March to September). Participants were selected by convenience sampling techniques. Participants were assessed using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski block design), digit span, and picture arrangement subscales of Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS-IV) scale. Results: Data analysis showed no significant difference between the executive functioning in mothers of children with and without autism (P > 0.05), except for other-blame that belongs to the emotional regulation subscale (from the executive function factors) (P = 0.048). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the parents of children with autism do not necessarily have executive functioning deficits. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other psychological and neuropsychological aspects in future studies.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abdoli Oskouie Yasaman , Abbasi-Asl Masoumeh , Taghavi Zonouz Ali , Pashazadeh Fariba , Abdoli Oskouie Shahram , Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo Hamed
Published: March 2021

Context: Evaluating the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that are sources of nosocomial infection among medical students. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases were searched by preferred subject headings and free-text keywords. After omitting duplicates, retrieved articles were screened by two independent reviewers in a three-step process based on inclusion criteria. Then, reviewers critically appraised the selected studies by JBI checklists and extracted the required data. Finally, the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus nasal carriage and MRSA were meta-analyzed by Stata V.16 software. The heterogeneity of included studies was calculated by I2 and chi-square. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to study designs, as well as the continent origin of clinical and preclinical students. Results: Of 858 retrieved studies, 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage was 28% [prevalence rate: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.34, P < 0.001, I2: 96.40%, chi2: 360.98 (df = 14)]. The prevalence of S. aureus among clinical students was 33% (pooled prevalence rate: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.47) whereas, in preclinical students, it was 25% (pooled prevalence rate: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.28). Also, in a subgroup analysis of continents, Australia (Oceania) had the highest prevalence rate. According to an evaluation of publication bias, the distribution of studies was very high. Moreover, pooled MRSA prevalence among medical students was 2% (prevalence rate: 0.02 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.03, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, S. aureus and MRSA prevalence rates among medical students were estimated at 28% and 2%, respectively. More attention should be given to the prevention of MRSA colonization and screening strategies among medical students across the world.
Common property rights regime as a possible solution for ecological problems
Authors: Popović Milenko
Published: March 2021

The following paper provides an overview of the relationship that exists between different property-right regimes and the problem of over exploitation of ecological and other natural resources as a whole. New theoretical insights, developed especially by Elinor Ostrum, indicate the superiority of common property as a regime for managing these resources. When it is known that common property shows superiority evem in new platform technologies, then it is clear why this topic deserves such a brief overview that would further encourage research of this kind in our country as well. The paper especially points out the set of conditions under which joint ownership can be superior compared to private and state regime. Rules for designing a good regime of common property rights are also discussed.
From a double margin: Anglophone translation of women's writing from Croatia and Serbia
Authors: Forrester Sibelan
Published: March 2021

This article examines Anglophone translations of women's writing from Eastern Europe with particular focus on writers from Croatia and Serbia. After outlining the presences and absences of these women writers in Anglophone translations, it raises some questions about the significance of gender in literary canon formation and the emergence of literary works into a global context through translation.
Sociocultural competence of students of the Spanish language in primary school
Authors: Pajić Sonja
Published: March 2021

Sociocutural competence, which is an important aspect of learning Spanish as a foreign language, is analysed in the paper. The aim of the survey is to point at this phenomena trough examination of the sociocultural competence of students of the Spanish language in a primary school. The sample survey included students of the eighth grade of the primary school "Žarko Zrenjanin" in Zrenjanin (n=85). The instrument for gathering data was the test which contained closed-ended questions. The data were presented in percentages. The obtained results show that students do not have a high level of knowledge in sociocultural contents which are related to geography, history, everyday life, customs, and famous persons in the area of art. Their knowledge is uneven, which is reflected in the fact that students have better knowledge in some segments from geography and everyday life, and in some segments they have less knowledge. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that it is necesary to work more on sociocultural competence of primary school students and to pay more attention to this not sufficiently studied area in Serbia.
Quality of group decision making of students in high and elementary schools from the perspective of teachers
Authors: Pljakić Goran
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the author investigates how teachers perceive the quality of decision - making of students of different ages while working in small groups. The examination of the beliefs of 162 teachers about the quality of decisions that students make while working in small groups was achieved by the KDO-MG scale, which was created and tested for the purposes of this research. A two-factor univariate analysis of variance found that there was a statistically significant difference between the beliefs of teachers, subject teachers and high school teachers about the quality of students' decision-making during work in small groups. The difference is reflected in the fact that teachers' beliefs indicate that the quality of decisions is higher among high school students than is the case with elementary school students.
Market concentration and foreign direct investment in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Radulović Marija
Published: March 2021

The financial leasing market in previous years is characterised by a growth that is also expected in the coming period. Besides, developing countries are striving to attract as much foreign direct investment (FDI) as possible to accelerate economic growth and achieve macroeconomic stability. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia and to determine whether this relationship is long-term or short-term. Quarterly data from the first quarter of 2006 to the first quarter of 2019 were used. Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach (ARDL) and bounds test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia in the long run, while there is no statistically significant relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the short run.
Replacement of old flotation cells in the flotation plant of the Lece mine
Authors: Lazić Predrag , Nikšić Đurica , Stojanović Dejan
Published: March 2021

Russian made FPM-GMO-1.6 flotation machines were previously installed for primary stage flotation concentration of lead and zinc minerals in Lece flotation plant. For cleaning stage FMR-10 flotation machines were in use. Beside low technological characteristic, hard maintenance and worn out are characteristic of this machines. In order to modernize the production and eliminate the above shortcomings primarily in the process of lead minerals flotation, in 2020, the old flotation cells were replaced with new ones. Currently, 8 new RCS-5 cells for coarse and scavengel flotation of lead minerals and 4 RCS-3 cells for cleaning of coarse lead mineral concentrate are working on the lead flotation line in Lece flotation. These cells were produced by Metso Minerals from Finland. Flotation cells, which are installed, have modern technical - technological characteristics, with all the accompanying equipment for automatic control of pulp levels and air consumption. This paper presents comparative characteristics of old and new flotation cells, their appearance and characteristics and technological results achieved in flotation with old and new cells.
Terminological ambiguities in the area of postal services with a special focus on the CEP industry
Authors: Grgurović Biljana , Milutinović Jelena
Published: March 2021

The paper addresses the problem of understanding and interpreting professional terminology in the field of postal services (with a special focus on the CEP industry) which abounds in specific words and phrases that are sometimes difficult to pinpoint in terms of meaning or difference between them. The paper is mainly based on relevant bibliography, rulebooks, and professional debates in which the authors have participated or which they have observed. The main emphasis is put not only on the meaning of terms, but on the importance of the context in which they are used. The findings should help all interested parties: both employees in the field and young people studying to become professionals in this sector, as well as users of postal services. Since professionals in this area, and especially those in educational institutions, explain and approach certain terminology differently, the paper points out the necessity of interpreting in accordance with theoretical framework and the context of a specific term. This approach could result in higher precision and unambiguity in interpreting, explaining, and comparing different events in the postal sector. Keeping in mind that there are no previously published papers or studies tackling this problem, the idea of the authors was to identify and explain in detail some of the most commonly used terms with varied interpretations which describe services, the market, technology known as postal, whether that is entirely correct or not.
Study on the importance of food traceability in the tourism industry
Authors: Zrnić Miloš
Published: March 2021

Depending on how we take care of ourselves on a daily basis, it says a lot about us. Food can be both a medicine and a poison at the same time. The way food is used, prepared and cooked is a crucial element for daily energy levels. To achieve this goal, we need food that has been tested, approved and transported to our local markets. With the help of an appropriate traceability system, we can ensure food safety and prevent the occurrence of a critical situation during the entire process of food distribution. That is why today, more than ever, the attention of monitoring the entire distribution process in the food chain is of great importance on a global level. This paper will focus on the study/importance of traceability systems in the tourism industry, food traceability requirements and the importance of traceability itself.
Critical reception of Russell's 'History of western philosophy' and 'Wisdom of the West'
Authors: Pljakić-Nikšić Jasmina
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the author critically considers the reception of one of the greatest thinkers of modern Western civilization, Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), analyzing his epochal works "History of Western Philosophy", "Wisdom of the West" and other writings. In addition to his other works in logic, mathematics and other scientific disciplines, I paid special attention to the political and legal dimension.
Hodonimy of the Montenegrin Polimlje
Authors: Došljak Draško
Published: March 2021

In this project, the author is giving a retrospective of hodonimy and it`s motivation in the Montenegrin Polimlje. Hodonyms are very important elements of historical development, changes, cultural and lingual processes and entire development of civilization. Abouth 232 hodonyms, wich give us the true picture of cultural athmosphere in this area, were written in the Montenegrin Polimlje. As the bearers of certain symbols, hodonyms represent different social, political and cultural pictures, as well as social frames. Hodonyms in the Montenegrin Polimlje are connected with some very important people from this area and with magnificient geographic items.
Dose Volume Relationship in Estimating Cardiac Doses in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Pattanayak Lucy , Mohanty Swodeep , Sahu Deepak Kumar , Dash Tapas Kumar , Priyadarsini Itishree
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Radiation therapy is an integral part of adjuvant treatment for breast cancer which reduces local recurrence and significantly increases survival. But, radiation therapy also has the propensity to increase cardiac morbidity and mortality due to dose received by the heart which is more in left-sided breast cancer. Mean Heart dose and Maximum Heart Distance (MHD) are two parameters to study dose received by the heart. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine individual doses received by the heart and to correlate MHD with the mean heart dose received by heart in carcinoma breast patients receiving radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients of histologically proven carcinoma breast who attended the Department of Radiotherapy, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer, Cuttack from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected for a prospective observational study. All patients were treated with 3D Conformal Radiotherapy technique using free breathing multi slice Computed Tomography (CT) scans to contour target and vital organs. Parallel opposed tangential treatment plans were generated for each patient. Individual dose received by the heart and MHD was assessed for each case. SPSS version 21 used for statistical analysis. The Spearman’s Rho test was used for correlation of MHD with Mean heart dose. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparing mean of MHD in left-sided and right-sided breast cancer. The Independent t-test was used for comparing means of Mean heart dose in left-sided and right-sided breast cancer. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The Mean Heart Dose was 4.63 Gy for left-sided breast carcinoma patients and 0.846 Gy for right-sided breast cancer and there was a significant difference (p<0.001). Mean MHD for left-sided breast cancer was 2.974 cm while for right-sided it was 0.017 cm, the difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). MHD also correlated positively with Mean Heart Dose with correlation coefficient of 0.849 and p-value <0.001. Conclusion: MHD and Mean Heart dose were significantly higher in left-sided breast cancer receiving radiotherapy. MHD was also found to be positively related to Mean Heart dose and therefore found to be an important predictor of cardiac dose. For right-sided breast carcinoma receiving radiotherapy, free breathing technique using 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT) will suffice in terms of cardiac dose.
Comparative Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Silver Diamine Fluoride and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Gel on Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions Created on Extracted Teeth
Authors: Deokar Kalyani Kiran , Shashikiran ND , Maurya Ankita , Gaonkar Namrata , Gugwad Sachin , Hadakar Savita , Taur Swapnil
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial microbial infectious disease characterised by demineralisation of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. To combat dental caries the application of nanotechnology includes the inhibition of formation of biofilm and regulating the balance of demineralisation-remineralisation processes, ensuring a possible mechanism that can aid in prevention and treatment of tooth decay. Initial caries progression may be prevented by suitable surface treatment, by applying surface remineralising agents. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of remineralising potential of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel, Chitosan nanoparticles and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) on microhardness of artificial carious lesions created on extracted teeth. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro experimental study associated with Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad conducted during a period of two months (October and November 2019) at Mechanical Department of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra. The total sample size was 30 premolar teeth. In this in-vitro study, test materials Chitosan nanoparticles, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride gel (APF) varnishes were manipulated and applied (10 in each group) in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Artificial carious lesions were created in the enamel. This was achieved by suspending the teeth in an artificial caries system. Baseline microhardness was then recorded using Vickers Hardness Test and varnish application was carried out. Samples were then placed separately in a demineralisation solution for three hours. Thereafter, samples were placed in a remineralisation solution. Any change in microhardness was determined by evaluating the Vickers Hardness Test at the end of 28 days. The data was then recorded, tabulated and statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Wilcoxon Signed Test for inter and intra groups comparisons to find out if there was a significant difference. Results: All the three varnishes i.e., Chitosan nanoparticle, silver diamine fluoride and APF gel in intragroup comparison after intervention showed significant differences with Chitosan nanoparticle showing the highest increase in microhardness with p-value of 0.001 followed by SDF with p-value of 0.005 and APF gel with p-value of 0.005. Conclusion: All the three varnishes increased enamel microhardness significantly. Chitosan nanoparticle showed highest increase in remineralisation followed by SDF and APF gel. Hence, varnish application is a good method in remineralising the tooth.
Environmental Effects on Physicochemical Compositions, Microbial Load and Heavy Metal Content of Retailed Cut Fruits in NsukkaMain Market Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Alexandra Obeta, Nwamaka , Uchenna Ugwuona, Fabian , Nkechi Uchegbu, Nneka , Sybil Oguamanam, Chinenye
Published: March 2021

The study evaluated the environmental effects on physico-chemical compositions, microbial load and heavy metal content of cut fruits retailed in Nsukka main market. Whole fruits were procured from fruit vendors in the market. They were washed, peeled (except watermelon) and divided into three portions each and designated as PA0, PA4, PA8; PP0, PP4, PP8 and WM0, WM4, WM8 for pineapple, pawpaw and watermelon collected at 0,4,8 hours respectively. A portion from each fruit was picked at three different times (8 am, 12 noon and 4 pm designated as 0, 4, 8 hour) and were analyzed for physicochemical (proximate, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix value, vitamin content) properties, microbial (total viable, mold and coliform count) load and heavy metal (lead, cadmium and nickel) content. The proximate analysis showed that all the fruit collected at 8 am had the highest moisture content (78.83% - 93.29 %) and gradually decreased at 12 noon and 4 pm. There were significant (p<0.05) differences only in carbohydrate 25023.content and energy value for proximate parameters. The pH, brix and vitamins all showed significant differences in all fruits and at different collection time. The pH for pawpaw and watermelon increased with increase in exposure time while °Brix value and vitamins significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Microbial analysis indicated the presence of microbes in all fruits with total viable count range of 0.83× 103 – 2.9 × 103 CFU/g. The result of cadmium and nickel detected ranged from 0.015 – 0.08 mg/kg and 0.103 – 0.82 mg/kg respectively. This study showed that cutting and exposing of fruits affected their proximate, pH, °Brix value, vitamins, microbial load and heavy metal accumulation.
Spatial and Temporal Effects of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Cultivation on Weed Dynamics in Southern Agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: Aluko O. A. , Oyebola T. O. , Amosun J. O. , Adewunmi A. , Oluwayemi T. T.
Published: March 2021

Weed spectrum in Kenaf fields revealed the heterogeneous flora richness of agro-ecologies and potential weed challenges. A study was conducted in the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Obafemi Awolowo University Ibadan and other substations (Ilora, Ikenne and Kishi).  The effects of varied kenaf planting dates, genotypes and locations on weed dynamics and potential weed problem was investigated. Five Kenaf genotypes (Cuba 108, Ifeken DI 400, Ifeken 100, Ifeken 400 and Tianung 2) were planted. It was a 3 x 4 x 5 factorial experiment arranged in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Forty five (45) weed species were identified across seventeen (17) plant families. Weed morphology comprised of broad-leaf weeds (71.11%), grass weeds (17.78%), sedge (6.67%) and spiderwort (4.44%). Abundance        of broad-leaf weeds (71.11%) mostly annual, reflected regular weed control from frequent     cropping patterns and agro-ecological variations. Panicum maximum, Ageratum conyzoides,  Tridax procumbens, Mitracarpus villosus, Spigelia anthelmia L. and Mimosa pudica were present in the locations. Commelina erecta, C. bengalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus and Maricus alternifolius, though scanty, they were difficult-to-control weeds. Summary of weed flora richness showed that Ibadan and Ilora had thirty one (31) weed each. This represented 68.89% of the recorded weed flora composition (45) in all locations. Kishi and Ikenne had ≤ 50% of the overall weed composition recorded. This might be due to cultural practices, weed dominance and agro-ecological variance. High percentage of broad-leaf weeds (≥60%) at all locations, might resulted to keen Kenaf-weed competition due to similarity in morphology and narrows weed control option. Cultural practices, high weed fecundity, short weed life cycle (mostly annual weeds), and wide dispersal corridor in the locations maybe implicated. Weed density and weed dry weight were similar across genotypes in all locations. Ibadan had the highest weed density with the lowest weed dry weight. Ilora and Kishi had comparable weed density. Notwithstanding, highest weed dry weight was recorded in Kishi, while the lowest was recorded in Ilora. This might be due to planting dates, weed types and differences in agro-ecologies.
Occurrence of Postharvest Fungal Rots of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.) in Southwest Nigeria and their Control with Sawdust Extracts
Authors: Beckley F. , Awoyemi S. O.
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted in three agroecological zones (AEZs) of Southwest, Nigeria to evaluate the incidence and pathogenicity of postharvest fungal rots of sweetpotato and their control with extracts of sawdust from some tropical trees.  Survey of rotted tubers was conducted in 18 markets across the three AEZs: humid rainforest (HF), derived savannah (DS), and southern guinea savannah (SGS). Fungi associated with rotted tubers were isolated, identified and their pathogenicity determined. In vitro fungitoxicity of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Gmelina arborea and Cola nitida sawdust extracts were assessed in an experiment laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replicates. Six fungi species found to be associated with rot on tubers were Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium oxysporum. Highest (35%) rot incidence was observed in HF zone with R. stolonifer as the most prevalent. Botryodiplodia theobromae was most prevalent (68.75%, 54.54%) in SGS and DS zones respectively. All the six isolated fungi were pathogenic to sweetpotato but induced varying levels of rot severity. Botryodiplodia theobromae, R. stolonifer or A. niger induced complete (100%) rot of inoculated tubers. Sawdust extracts reduced mycelial growth of test pathogens at three sawdust concentrations (50 g/L, 75 g/L and 100 g/L) tested. Inhibition of fungal growth increased with extract concentration. Anogeissus leiocarpus sawdust extract at 100 g/L exhibited highest range of mycelial growth inhibition (8.80 - 73.0%) across tested pathogens. Gmelina arborea sawdust extract at 100 g/L significantly inhibited (p<0.05) mycelial growth of B. theobromae, P. oxalicum and T. viride while C. nitida exhibited strong fungitoxicity to F. oxysporum at 100 g/L. Application of the sawdust extracts at 50 g/L, 75 g/L and 100 g/L concentrations has the potential to minimize postharvest fungal rot of sweetpotato.
Bacteriological Profile of Campylobacter SPP Isolated from Pigs in Cameroon: A Review
Authors: Assiene Serge Damase Oyong , Ngah Esther , Ndjonka Dieudonné
Published: March 2021

Campylobacter is the most frequent bacteria implicated in acute gastroenteritis in the industrialized world and is considered as a major public health problem. The aim of this review is to improve our knowledge on the bacteriological profile of Campylobacter isolated from pigs. Porks, beef also represent sources of infection with these microorganisms. Campylobacter is a bacterium comprising seventeen species, including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus. C. coli is the most common Campylobacter species recovered from pigs. The prevalence (46%, 52%, 75%) varies from one country to another, from the collection site.  C. jejuni and C. coli  grows best in a low oxygen or microaerophilic environment. The virulence markers varies among different sources of the isolates. The majority of genes were found at high levels in Campylobacter spp. isolated from pork meat (csrA, sodB, cdtB, and racR). Moreover, this review revealed virulent properties of Campylobacter isolated from swine products and high resistance rates to Tetracycline (68%), Erythromycin (61%), which may represent difficulties in campylobacteriosis treatment. Fluoroquinolones resistance (2.2%, 7%, 11%,100%) varies according to the country and the source of the sample. It will be wise to insist on hygenic measures as a solution to limit the incidence of Campylobacter and prevent dissemination of pathogens in animals (chicken, pork and beef) within slaughter-houses/ killings Cameroon.
Variant recurrence confirms the existence of a FBXO31‐related spastic‐dystonic cerebral palsy syndrome
Authors: Dzinovic Ivana , Škorvánek Matej , Pavelekova Petra , Zhao Chen , Keren Boris , Whalen Sandra , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Chih Jin Sheng , Kruer Michael C. , Jech Robert , Winkelmann Juliane , Zech Michael
Published: March 2021

The role of genetics in the causation of cerebral palsy has become the focus of many studies aiming to unravel the heterogeneous etiology behind this frequent neurodevelopmental disorder. A recent paper reported two unrelated children with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy, who carried the same de novo c.1000G > A (p.Asp334Asn) variant in FBXO31, encoding a widely studied tumor suppressor not previously implicated in monogenic disease. We now identified a third individual with the recurrent FBXO31 de novo missense variant, featuring a spastic‐dystonic phenotype. Our data confirm a link between variant FBXO31 and an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by prominent motor dysfunction.
“Dear Colleague” letter from 2011 SAMHSA still valid
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2021

The 2011 “Dear Colleague” letter to Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) requiring them to check with Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) but banning them from putting patient information into them is still valid, ADAW has learned. Despite confusion caused by discussions about eliminating 42 CFR Part 2, the confidentiality regulation, there is no confusion about what OTPs should do in terms of PDMPs. A spokesman for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) told ADAW last week that the letter is still valid.
Flexible MXene‐Based Composites for Wearable Devices
Authors: Ma Chang , Ma Ming‐Guo , Si Chuanling , Ji Xing‐Xiang , Wan Pengbo
Published: March 2021

In recent decades, flexible and wearable devices have been extensively investigated due to their promising applications in portable mobile electronics and human motion monitoring. MXene, a novel growing family of 2D nanomaterials, demonstrates superiorities such as outstanding electrical conductivity, abundant terminal groups, unique layered‐structure, large surface area, and hydrophilicity, making it to be a potential candidate material for flexible and wearable devices. Numerous pioneering works are devoted to develop flexible MXene‐based composites with various functions and designed structures. Therefore, the latest progress of the flexible MXene‐based composites for wearable devices is summarized in this review, focusing on the preparation strategies, working mechanisms, performances, and applications in sensors, supercapacitors, and electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Moreover, the current challenges and future outlooks are also discussed.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Based Nanoplatforms for Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Shu‐Lan , Jiang Peng , Jiang Feng‐Lei , Liu Yi
Published: March 2021

Triggered by the endogenous chemical energy in the tumor microenvironment (TME), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as an emerging non‐exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality has received increasing attention in recent years. The chemodynamic agents can convert internal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for oncotherapy. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, CDT possesses many notable advantages, such as tumor‐specific, highly selective, fewer systemic side effects, and no need for external stimulation. Nevertheless, mild acid pH, low H2O2 content, and overexpressed reducing substance in TME severely suppressed the CDT efficiency. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, some kinds of nanomaterials have been utilized with improved CDT efficiency. In particular, the excellent photo‐, ultrasound‐, magnetic‐, and other stimuli‐response properties of nanomaterials make it possible for combination cancer therapy of CDT with other therapeutic modalities, and it has shown superior anti‐cancer activity than monotherapies. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the application of nanomaterial‐based chemodynamic cancer therapy. In this review, the various nanomaterials‐based nanoplatforms for CDT and its combinational therapies are summarized and discussed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better‐quality agents to promote the CDT development and lay the foundation for its future conversion to clinical applications.
Broadband Absorption in Thin Films Motivated by Strong Light Bending
Authors: Elisha Haim , Prajapati Ashish , Shalev Gil
Published: March 2021

Photon management toward the absorption over a wide spectral range of the solar light is important to various absorption‐based photonic devices. The key for high absorption in thin films is the ability to “bend the light” from the normal direction into the in‐plane direction. Broadband absorption enhancement is reported in thin films decorated with top surface light funnel arrays (LF arrays) due to strong bending of the light by the arrays into the films, in contrast with excitation of thin films by top surface nanopillar arrays (NP arrays) that is governed by forward scattering. The broadband absorption in the film below the LF array (LF film) is 40% higher than that in a film below an optimized NP array (NP film). Also, the strong light bending by the LF arrays into the underlying film induces strong absorptivity peaks substantially exceeding the Yablonovitch limit for both the LF film and the total array–film complex. Finally, the superior LF film broadband absorption is due to strong light bending from the normal direction into the in‐plane direction which is manifested in efficient generation of mode hybridizations.
Mechanical Behavior and High Formability of Palm Leaf Materials
Authors: Mohanty Debapriya Pinaki , Udupa Anirudh , Chandra A R Anil , Viswanathan Koushik , Mann James B. , Trumble Kevin P. , Chandrasekar Srinivasan
Published: March 2021

The proliferation of single‐use plastics has stimulated interest in sustainable material substitutes with sufficient ductility and structural integrity. Herein, the mechanical behavior and high formability of the leaf sheath from a representative palm species—Areca catechu—and its immense potential for manufacturing of eco‐friendly food packaging are reported on. Using microstructural analyses, such as X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT), electron microscopy, and optical profilometry, under different loading conditions, it is shown that this leaf can accommodate forming strains as large as 200%, similar to ductile metals. The sheath deformation response is highly sensitive to hydration, with up to 400% increase in forming strain. The embodied energy for leaf products is four to five orders smaller than for plastic or paper products. The results establish the microstructure basis for the high formability and the contours of a forming limit diagram that delineates product shapes that can be formed in a single step from this plant material.