bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice On Death Caused By Traffic Accident
Authors: Mohamad Zulkifli
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine how the application of Restorative Justice to Traffic Accidents That Cause Death. An empirical research method that serves to see the law in a real sense and examines how the law works in the community. The data collection process used interview techniques and direct data collection at the Gorontalo City Police Traffic Unit Office. This study uses a qualitative method by describing it descriptively. The results showed that many cases were not processed to the Gorontalo District Court because there were several factors, namely, Not getting sufficient evidence, the accident that occurred was not a crime, the perpetrator of the accident died, the perpetrator of the accident was still a minor, The family of the accident victim who has been sincere, and the family of the victim who does not want to deal with the court because it takes a long time and the criminal case has expired. Regarding efforts to resolve cases of traffic accidents that result in death, namely ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), Diversion, and SP3 (Termination of Investigation).
Analysis Of The Role Of The Office Of Religious Affairs In Managing The Case Of Siri Marriage Couples
Authors: Dali Debi Sintia , Kamba Sri Nanang Meiske , Elfikri Nurul Fazri
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze how the role of the religious affairs office in dealing with Siri marriages in the North City District. The method used in this research is an interviews, observation, and documentation. This type of research is descriptive and qualitative. The qualitative descriptive analysis approach emphasizes research that aims to obtain legal knowledge empirically by going directly to the object or field. The types of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that the role of the religious affairs office in tackling Siri marriages in the District of North City includes providing counseling on marriage registration and happy families to prospective brides and guardians, conducting socialization about the impact of unregistered marriages, and also the importance of registering marriages carried out in every time he fills an event, either a recitation or an event that involves the head of the religious affairs office. Factors that hinder the religious affairs office in dealing with unregistered marriages in the North City sub-district include Lack of competent human resources, low awareness of the law in society, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure.
Analysis of Lack of Basis for Judge Considerations in Cases of Abortion by Teenagers
Authors: Saputra LM Ady
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this writing is to analyze what the judges consider about the crime of abortion (Decision Study Number: 90/Pid.Sus/2021/PN/Gto). The writing method used is Normative writing, using 2 approaches namely; law (statute approach) and a case approach (case approach). The results of this writing show; In decision Number: 90/Pid.Sus/2021/PN/Gto. Judges are not based on strong juridical considerations by applying the principle of lex specialist derogate legi general and the principle of lex posterior derogate legi priori,
Fulfillment of The Constitutional Rights of Abandoned Children Victims of Economic Exploitation
Authors: Achir Nuvazria
Published: August 2023

The existence of abandoned children who are victims of economic exploitation in Gorontalo City is very concerning, because there are many cases related to violence and unfulfilled guarantees of human rights to children. This study aims to find out how to fulfill the constitutional rights of abandoned children as victims of economic exploitation and its inhibiting factors in the city of Gorontalo. The research method uses a case approach and is analyzed qualitatively, data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the fulfillment of children's rights in Gorontalo city was carried out through assessment efforts, cooperation in regional apparatus organizations (OPD), the implementation of raids and interventions, the provision of protection cars (Molin) and mobile motorcycles (Torling) as well as the use of shelter facilities. Factors Hindering the fulfillment of rights include the Economic Difficulties of Parents, Education to children and families has not been sufficiently helpful, because the reasons for carrying out economic activities on their own desires and the demands of needs.
Implementation of The Plantation Production Sharing Agreement in The Unwritten Agreement Form
Authors: Berlianty Teng , Hetharie Yosia , Saija Ronald
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of the plantation production sharing agreement in Nalahia Village, Central Maluku. This research is a sociolegal research, which is a combination research method between doctrinal law research methods and empirical legal research methods. This research was conducted in Nalahia Village, Nusalaut District, Central Maluku, with the sample being the people of Nalahia Village who had implemented a plantation production sharing agreement. This type of research data is primary data and secondary data obtained through literature study and interviews. Based on the results of the research, the agreement for plantation production in Nalahia Village, Maluku is carried out according to the habits of the Nalahia people since the time of the ancestors in an unwritten form between the plantation owner and the sharecropper based on mutual trust that is attached and is still maintained to this day. The owners of the plantations are the indigenous people of Nalahia Village, while the sharecroppers are mostly not indigenous people but live and settle in Nalahia. This plantation production sharing agreement was agreed with the percentage of the distribution of the plantation products was 50: 50. although at this time, the percentage of the distribution could be different according to the agreement of both parties. The implementation of this plantation production sharing agreement will end with the completion of the smallholders harvesting the plantation products belonging to the hamlet owners.
Attainment of Gender Equity and Social Justice for Nigerian Women Through the Implementation of CEDAW’S Right to Choose: an Initiative for the Development of Nigeria
Authors: Olatokun Ganiat Mobolaji
Published: August 2023

The Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is yet to be domesticated and implemented in Nigeria. Hence, its provisions, particularly, Article 16(1) (e) which provided inter alia that, men and women should be given the same right to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children, cannot be given effect to. Hence, when it comes to deciding on the number and spacing of children, women in Nigeria are not given any say. This is in contradiction to social justice for women. This equally shows the inequality status of women to men in Nigeria. In order for Nigerian women to enjoy the dividend of gender equality and have access to justice, the attitude of Nigerian men (mostly the uneducated ones, and even some educated ones) of turning their wives into child producing machines must be stopped.  Most women in Nigeria are faced with problem of having children yearly in order satisfy their husbands. These women, despite being exposed to health challenges associated with several child births, are usually trapped in a difficult position either to continue production of babies, or to let go their husbands to take another wife. Most women in Nigeria opt for the later. However, it has been viewed by this researcher that if allowed to prosper, the provision of fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities between men and women is well covered by CEDAW’s right to choose which is well captured under its Article 16. This is a doctrinal research which utilizes the use of books, journals and internet sources for research. The research concluded that future development based on analysis suggests the full implementation of CEDAW’s provision under Article 16.
Restoratif Justice In the Perspective of Customary Law: A Solution to the Settlement of Narcotics Crimes Commited by Children
Authors: Badu Lisnawaty Wadju , Kaluku Julisa Aprilia
Published: August 2023

Restorative Justice is a thought that responds to the development of the criminal justice system by focusing on the needs of the community, where the settlement uses customary law which is something that is very urgent at this time by considering various things besides so that the settlement does not take a long time, but also the parties do not incur large costs and the most important thing is that family relations will remain harmoniously intertwined so as not to leave the problem of "revenge" for their descendants, especially for children who are involved in narcotics crimes, considering that children can become victims of adult behavior. The re-establishment of harmony in social ties of course will maintain public security and order. The method in this research is field research or often called Empirical Law research, namely research that looks directly at the reality in the field, this type of research has the nature and character of showing the gap between the applicable law and the existing reality. One solution that is carried out on the concept of restorative justice is to divert or place the perpetrators of child crimes out of the criminal justice system, meaning that not all cases of juvenile delinquents must be resolved through formal justice, and provide an alternative for settlement with a justice approach in the best interest of for children.
Outline of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency as a Means of Legal Protection: Is it Optimal?
Authors: Lasatu Asri , Jubair Jubair , Insarullah Insarullah , Mardin Nurhayati , Korompot Ratu Ratna
Published: August 2023

Consumer protection is an effort to guarantee legal certainty to protect consumer rights. Consumer protection is a government responsibility delegated to the Consumer Dispute Settlement Body. This responsibility is carried out through preventive and repressive efforts. The problem in this research is what is the role of Consumer Dispute Settlement Body in implementing consumer law protection in Central Sulawesi Province. Type of normative-empirical research with a mixed method approach. The analysis was carried out qualitatively-quantitatively, and the results are descriptive-analytic. The research results show that Consumer Dispute Settlement Body's role in consumer legal protection is not maximized because it is influenced by structural, substance, and societal, cultural factors.
Avantaje și riscuri ale internetului pentru copii și adolescenți. Strategii de mediere digitală parentală și școlară. Editura Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj‐Napoca, 2021. Anda Rodideal
Authors: Captari Ionuț
Published: August 2023

The book addresses the issue of parental and school digital mediation strategies, identifying the key variables and highlighting the gaps found, developing a dynamic model and a School Digital Mediation Guide dedicated to teachers, school counselors, for a deep understanding of how the internet shapes child and adolescent development. The author remarks the distinct characteristics of technology use in digital education by creating connections between national and international studies in the field and opinions of main actors involved to guide the reader in understanding how to increase the benefits and limit the risks of using the Internet for children and adolescents. The School Digital Mediation Guide contains viable national-level solutions and proposals for implementing beneficial measures for children's and adolescents' digital education and integration into school and family activities.
Social Counselling as Policy Intervention: Mediating Welfare Benefit Claims of Romanians in Berlin
Authors: Buzoianu Cătălin
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the role of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in supporting welfare benefit claims by Romanian immigrants in vulnerable situations in Berlin. The study utilizes in-depth qualitative interviews with social counsellors, language mediators, and project leads to explore the function of social counselling offices in assisting these individuals. Social counselling is analysed as both an institutionalized policy intervention and a communicative practice focused on problem-solving. The paper highlights the power asymmetry between counsellor and advice-seeker stemming from the counsellor's superior knowledge of the welfare system, and German society. Social counselling acts as a means of support for individuals to navigate complex institutional arrangements and manage risks in modern society. However, the counsellor's authoritative role in shaping communication constitutes another dimension of power asymmetry. Faced with challenges such as complex legal regulations and limited resources, social counsellors emphasize the need for advice-seekers to gradually take responsibility for their own lives and interact with welfare institutions. This encouragement of self-sufficiency (orig. Ger. Selbstständigkeit) aligns with the principles of German workfare policies. Non-cooperation from advice-seekers in the context of social counselling can be therefore seen as a form of resistance against disciplinary power within the welfare state. The paper raises concerns about the long-term effectiveness and impact of social counselling, noting also the potential for burnout among social counsellors.
Digital Transnational Social Spaces of Romanians and Moldovans in Berlin
Authors: Vochin Mihaela-Violeta
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on the online community of Romanian speaking mobility migrants who live or regularly return to Berlin. Engaging with theories on transnationalism and social media, this article addressed the question of how digital transnational social spaces contribute to international migration, focusing on the integration into the host society. It is argued that social media groups of Romanian speaking migrants are community spaces which strengthen ties between members, thus facilitating international migration. Quantitative data was collected using open-sourced tools and analyzed employing descriptive statistics. Moreover, qualitative data was included stemming from the interactions with users of the observed Facebook groups. Data was gathered between 2020-2021, during Covid-19 pandemic and social distancing. It is concluded that digital transnational social spaces carry meaning to the migrant community, state institutions, social networks, and the state of research. For migrants, the existence of Facebook groups lowers the threshold of integration and allows the strengthening of social ties. Engaged institutions could rethink their communication strategy by considering a more active presence on social media, while the platforms could use digital communities as targeted audiences. Finally, the research has been enriched with a deeper perspective of not only if, but how social media impacts international migration.
Perancangan Sistem Pendeteksi Kebakaran Rumah Menggunakan IoT(Internet of Things)
Authors: Kurnia Safitri Hari , Dewatama Denda , Pracoyo Agus , Agung Wicaksono Rizki
Published: August 2023

Kebakaran adalah kejadian yang dapat terjadi di gedung perkantoran, pemukiman, dan hutan. Keterlambatan informasi penanganan kebakaran akan mengakibatkan korban jiwa dan material. Oleh sebab itu, dikembangkan sistem pedeteksi kebakaran untuk lingkungan perumahan menggunakan Internet of Things (IoT). Sensor yang digunakan pada sistem ini adalah adalah sensor suhu MLX90614, sensor Gas CO MQ-7 dan sensor flame untuk mendeteksi api. Sistem dirancang menggunakan NodeMCUESP8266 pusat pengendali yang menghubungkan sensor-sensor yang dipasasang pada sistem dengan aplikasi ThingSpeak pada handphone. Aplikasi pada handphone menampilkan parameter sensor, kondisi aman atau berbahaya, dan lokasi kebakaran. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi semua sensor berjalan sebagaimana mestinya dengan rata-rata error pembacaan sensor suhu adalah 1,25 persen sensor gas CO adalah 3.29 persen, jarak deteksi maksimum untuk sensor flame adalah 100 meter dan lokasi kebakaran ditampilakan melalui G-Maps
Analisa Frekuensi Musik Untuk Sinkronisasi Gerak Tarian Pada Robot KRSTI
Authors: Ala'uddin Muhammad Afif , Siradjuddin Indrazno , Winarno Totok
Published: August 2023

Divisi KRSTI (Kontes Robot Seni Tari Indnesia 2021) yang berupa robot humanoid yang dapat menari sesuai irama lagu, pembuatan robot ini menggunakan metode KNN (K- Nearest Neigbor) yang bertujuan agar gerakan tarian robot sinkron dengan music yang dimainkan. KNN digunakan untuk menganalisa frekuensi untuk klasifikasi. Dengan metode ini, diharapkan robot dapat mengetahui music yang dimainkan dan juga untuk menghindari noise yang berakibat pada robot bergerak sebelum music dimainkan. Dengan demikian, robot dapat mengetahui gerakan mana yang harus dilakukan sesuai music pada saat itu. Alat ini memberikan keluaran berupa klasifikasi lagu dengan akurasi hingga 100 persen namun dengan jeda waktu pemrosesan selama 5 detik.
FEATURES OF THE RHIZOSPHERE MICROCOMPLEX OF THE MEDICINAL CLOVER
Authors: Kurkina Yuliya
Published: August 2023

In the conditions of a small-scale experiment on a natural infectious background (Belgorod, Russia), a threefold excess of the CFU values of the rhizosphere of the Melilotus officinalis was revealed in comparison with the fallow soil, but the abundance of typical species in the rhizosphere and control was 63% and 77%, respectively. The Jacquard coefficient proved the high similarity of mycocomplexes of the rhizosphere of M. officinalis with the control (33%). The core of the rhizosphere microcomplex of sweet clover is the species Trichoderma lignorum. It is shown that the cultivation of sweet clover contributes to the improvement of the soil by reducing the proportion of pathogenic and allergenic species of micromycetes. The loss of the green mass of the sweet clover from septoria was recorded at the level of 20%.
RESEARCH ON MEADOW SCIENCE AND MEADOW FARMING AT THE FEDERAL WILLIAMS RESEARCH CENTER OF FORAGE PRODUCTION AND AGROECOLOGY (To the 85th anniversary of the Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Teberdiev Dalkhat Malchievich)
Authors: Trofimov Ilya , Trofimova Lyudmila , Yakovleva Elena , Privalova Kira , Kutuzova Anel , Grechishnikov Nikolay , Shevtsov Alexey
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to research on meadow science and meadow farming in our country. They were the primary basis for the creation of the State Meadow Institute in 1922. Throughout the history of the Institute's development, they have remained and remain among the most important priority areas of fundamental and applied scientific research carried out on State assignments. Meadow farming gives huge advantages to the whole agriculture. It is economically advantageous because it is largely based on the use of natural forces, reproducible resources. The task of improving technologies for the creation and rational use of highly productive pastures and hayfields on the basis of new varieties of grasses and new technologies in meadow farming in different areas of the country is of urgent importance. A great contribution to the development of theoretical and practical foundations of meadow science and meadow farming is made by Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, leading scientist on meadow science and meadow farming in different regions of the country Dalkhat Malchievich Teberdiev. Together with us, he worthily continues the work of outstanding scientists of our institute V.R. Williams, A.M. Dmitriev, I.V. Larin, L.G. Ramensky, T.A. Rabotnov and others. It is necessary to further deepen and expand research on meadow science and meadow farming, more complete use of inexhaustible reproducible natural forage resources in different regions of the country.
Explaining any black box model using real data
Authors: Björklund Anton , Henelius Andreas , Oikarinen Emilia , Kallonen Kimmo , Puolamäki Kai
Published: August 2023

In recent years the use of complex machine learning has increased drastically. These complex black box models trade interpretability for accuracy. The lack of interpretability is troubling for, e.g., socially sensitive, safety-critical, or knowledge extraction applications. In this paper, we propose a new explanation method, SLISE, for interpreting predictions from black box models. SLISE can be used with any black box model (model-agnostic), does not require any modifications to the black box model (post-hoc), and explains individual predictions (local). We evaluate our method using real-world datasets and compare it against other model-agnostic, local explanation methods. Our approach solves shortcomings in other related explanation methods by only using existing data instead of sampling new, artificial data. The method also generates more generalizable explanations and is usable without modification across various data domains.
Multi-frequency wavefield modeling of acoustic VTI wave equation using physics informed neural networks
Authors: Sandhu Ali Imran , Waheed Umair bin , Song Chao , Dorn Oliver , Soupios Pantelis
Published: August 2023

Incorporating anisotropy is crucial for accurately modeling seismic wave propagation. However, numerical solutions are susceptible to dispersion artifacts, and they often require considerable computational resources. Moreover, their accuracy is dependent on the size of discretization, which is a function of the operating frequency. Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated the potential to tackle long-standing challenges in seismic modeling and inversion, addressing the associated computational bottleneck and numerical dispersion artifacts. Despite progress, PINNs exhibit spectral bias, resulting in a stronger capability to learn low-frequency features over high-frequency ones. This paper proposes the use of a simple fully-connected PINN model, and evaluates its potential to interpolate and extrapolate scattered wavefields that correspond to the acoustic VTI wave equation across multiple frequencies. The issue of spectral bias is tackled by incorporating the Kronecker neural network architecture with composite activation function formed using the inverse tangent (atan), exponential linear unit (elu), locally adaptive sine (l-sin), and locally adaptive cosine (l-cos) activation functions. This allows the construction of an effectively wider neural network with a minimal increase in the number of trainable parameters. The proposed scheme keeps the network size fixed for multiple frequencies and does not require repeated training at each frequency. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in fast and accurate, anisotropic multi-frequency wavefield modeling.
The learning process to become a military leader: born, background and lifelong learning
Authors: Díez Fernando , Martínez-Morán Pedro C. , Aurrekoetxea-Casaus Maite
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes the leadership learning model used by Spanish military commanders from the lifelong learning methodology. The lifelong learning approach consists of three main perspectives: a personal and professional context and how to achieve self-motivation and remain over time; the formal and informal learning sources, and how all this occurs throughout the individual life. Leadership is a fundamental military trait and should be treated as an ongoing process. This study examines how influences the lifelong learning of the Spanish military leaders from the Army, Navy, and Air Force in their leadership style. The methodology resource used is an online Delphi technique through in-depth interviews as well as the Qualitative Data Analysis & Research Software Atlas.it. This research shows that from a lifelong learning perspective, military leadership is built continuously throughout life and is supported by more informal than formal learning systems. The key findings of this research show that the Spanish military commanders’ leadership comes from an informal approach based on the different opportunities given at the workspace, individual job performance, and family support. From the formal system, the career ladder is supported both at the military academy and following regular training. The results show that a lifelong learning framework prepares Spanish military commanders to manage the highly complex environment in which they are involved.
Organoid models of the pituitary gland in health and disease
Authors: Laporte Emma , Vankelecom Hugo
Published: August 2023

The pituitary gland represents the hub of our endocrine system. Its cells produce specific hormones that direct multiple vital physiological processes such as body growth, fertility, and stress. The gland also contains a population of stem cells which are still enigmatic in phenotype and function. Appropriate research models are needed to advance our knowledge on pituitary (stem cell) biology. Over the last decade, 3D organoid models have been established, either derived from the pituitary stem cells or from pluripotent stem cells, covering both healthy and diseased conditions. Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art of pituitary-allied organoid models and discuss applications of these powerful in vitro research and translational tools to study pituitary development, biology, and disease.
Study on physical prediction model of liquid film development and dry out point in helical tube
Authors: Rui Min , Chen Tianming , Zhou Mingjia , Zheng Xiong , Hu Yisong , Jin Desheng , Hu Yousen , Mao Yulong
Published: August 2023

Helical tubes are widely used in nuclear plants, heat recovery process, refrigeration technology, etc. It is obtained the helical tubes dry out point prediction model in accordance with the experimental conditions by numerical simulation. The article is based on the physical model of the liquid membrane in the helical tube before dry out happened, establishing the analytical process of liquid film development in helical tube. The physical mechanism, thermo-hydraulic parameters that affect liquid film crushing are analyzed. The dry out point of helical tubes is predicted based on the experimental data. The result shows that the geometrical, thermo-hydraulic parameters of helical tube will affect the occurrence of the dry out point, the development process of liquid film before evaporation of spiral tube is obtained. The prediction model of dry out point is fitted to experimental data and the predicted results of evaporation point can be used to optimize during the engineering design.
Invasion risk by fruit trees mealybug Rastrococcus invadens (Williams) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) under climate warming
Authors: Azrag Abdelmutalab G. A. , Mohamed Samira A. , Ndlela Shepard , Ekesi Sunday
Published: August 2023

The mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens (Williams) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a destructive and important insect pest of fruit trees in Africa and Asia, especially the mango. Females and nymphs feed on plant leaves and fruits and produce honeydew that causes sooty mold, leading to yield reduction. Although it is an important pest, the distribution of R. invadens under different climate change scenarios has not been established. In this study, we predicted the suitable habitat for R. invadens occurrence under current and future [two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios: (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) for the years 2050s and 2070s], using environmental variables and four ecological niche models viz., maxent, random forest, boosted regression trees, and support vector machines. The performance and accuracy of these models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), the true skill statistic (TSS), correlation (COR), and deviance. All models had high accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.96, TSS ≥ 0.88, COR ≥ 0.74 and deviance ≤ 0.3) in predicting the potential distribution of R. invadens. Among the four models, the random forest algorithm had the highest performance (AUC = 0.99, TSS = 0.95, COR = 0.91 and deviance = 0.14) in predicting the potential distribution of R. invadens, followed by maxent (AUC = 0.97, TSS = 0.90, COR = 0.81 and deviance = 0.22). However, the maxent model was the best among the four algorithms in predicting the ecological niche of R. invadens. The precipitation of the wettest month (bio13) was the most crucial environmental variable that contributed to the predictions of the four models. The results revealed that most areas in East, Central, and West Africa were projected with high suitability for R. invadens to occur under current climatic conditions. Similarly, Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar, India, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia in Asia, as well as Brazil, and Venezuela in South America showed high suitability for R. invadens establishment. However, under future climatic conditions (the years 2050s and 2070s), the suitable areas for R. invadens will increase regardless of the SSPs scenario (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) indicating an expansion of the geographical range for this pest. This expansion is projected to be higher for the years 2070s than the 2050s. Similarly, the invasion risk of R. invadens is predicted to be higher under SSP2-4.5 scenario compared to SSP5-8.5 scenario, regardless of the year of the projection. Our results serve as an early warning tool that could serve as a guide to prevent further spread and invasion of this pest to new areas as well as help in developing an effective management strategy against R. invadens.
Exploring the shared molecular mechanisms between systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren’s syndrome based on integrated bioinformatics and single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Cui Yanling , Zhang Huina , Wang Zhen , Gong Bangdong , Al-Ward Hisham , Deng Yaxuan , Fan Orion , Wang Junbang , Zhu Wenmin , Sun Yi Eve
Published: August 2023

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are common systemic autoimmune diseases that share a wide range of clinical manifestations and serological features. This study investigates genes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors (TFs) shared between SLE and pSS.

Methods

Gene expression profiles of SLE and pSS were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis were conducted to identify shared genes related to SLE and pSS. Overlapping genes were then subject to Gene Ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. Cytoscape plugins cytoHubba and iRegulon were subsequently used to screen shared hub genes and predict TFs. In addition, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and CIBERSORTx were used to calculate the correlations between hub genes and immune cells as well as related pathways. To confirm these results, hub genes and TFs were verified in microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets.

Results

Following WGCNA and limma analysis, 152 shared genes were identified. These genes were involved in interferon (IFN) response and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. Moreover, we screened six shared genes, namely IFI44L, ISG15, IFIT1, USP18, RSAD2 and ITGB2, out of which three genes, namely IFI44L, ISG15 and ITGB2 were found to be highly expressed in both microarray and scRNA-seq datasets. IFN response and ITGB2 signaling pathway were identified as potentially relevant pathways. In addition, STAT1 and IRF7 were identified as common TFs in both diseases.

Conclusion

This study revealed IFI44L, ISG15 and ITGB2 as the shared genes and identified STAT1 and IRF7 as the common TFs of SLE and pSS. Notably, the IFN response and ITGB2 signaling pathway played vital roles in both diseases. Our study revealed common pathogenetic characteristics of SLE and pSS. The particular roles of these pivotal genes and mutually overlapping pathways may provide a basis for further mechanistic research.
Comparison of propofol-esketamine versus propofol for anesthesia in gastroscopy: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Xiao Qingyu , Zhuang Shaohui
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare the effects of propofol-esketamine and propofol in gastroscopy in adults.

Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed from January 2021 to March 2021. Eighty patients were enrolled and allocated into normal saline group (group N) and esketamine group (group E). The primary outcome was total amount of propofol. Secondary outcomes included incidences of injection pain, involuntary movement, hemodynamic and respiratory adverse events during examination, total examination time, recovery time and postoperative adverse effects.

Results

Total amount of propofol was significantly smaller in group E (101.64 ± 32.64 mg) than in group N (129.55 ± 36.34 mg, p = 0.001). Incidences of injection pain, involuntary movement and hypotension was significantly lower in group E than in group N. Incidences of hypertension and tachycardia was higher in group E than in group N. There was no significant difference in incidences of laryngospasm or hypoxemia, total examination time, recovery time, incidences of postoperative adverse effects between two groups.

Conclusion

Combination of propofol with 0.2 mg/kg esketamine reduced total amount of propofol, provided a more stable hemodynamic status and did not affect recovery time in gastroscopy.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.chictr.org, identifier ChiCTR2100042406.
Heatstroke-induced acute kidney injury and the innate immune system
Authors: Goto Hiroyasu , Kinoshita Manabu , Oshima Naoki
Published: August 2023

Heatstroke can cause multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome as the body temperature rises beyond the body’s ability to regulate temperature in a hot environment. Previous studies have indicated that heatstroke-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanism of heatstroke-induced AKI and to establish methods for its prevention and treatment. Recent reports have revealed that innate immunity, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells, is deeply involved in heat-induced AKI. In this review, we will discuss the roles of each immune cell in heat-induced renal injury and their potential therapeutic use.
Dazomet changes microbial communities and improves morel mushroom yield under continuous cropping
Authors: Chen Bo , Shao Gaige , Zhou Tao , Fan Qinghao , Yang Nuolin , Cui Man , Zhang Jinwei , Wu Xiangli , Zhang Bangxi , Zhang Ruiying
Published: August 2023

Morels (Morchella spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several species, such as Morchella sextelata, M. eximia, and M. importuna, have been commercially cultivated in greenhouses. However, the detriments and obstacles associated with continuous cropping have become increasingly serious, reducing yields and even leading to a complete lack of fructification. It has been reported that the obstacles encountered with continuous morel cropping may be related to changes in the soil microbial community. To study the effect of dazomet treatment on the cultivation of morel under continuous cropping, soil was fumigated with dazomet before morel sowing. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis results showed that dazomet treatment altered the microbial communities in continuous cropping soil, which decreased the relative abundance of soil-borne fungal pathogens, including Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Acremonium, increased the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria, including Bacillius and Pseudomonas. In addition, the dazomet treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of morel mycelia in the soil and significantly improved morel yield under continuous cropping. These results verified the relationship between the obstacles associated with continuous cropping in morels and the soil microbial community and elucidated the mechanism by which the obstacle is alleviated when using dazomet treatment.
Features of combined gut bacteria and fungi from a Chinese cohort of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and post-operative patients
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Feng Jiahui , Wang Zhanggui , Liu Gang , Wang Fan
Published: August 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for the third highest morbidity burden among malignant tumors worldwide. Previous studies investigated gut microbiome changes that occur during colorectal adenomas (CRA) progression to overt CRC, thus highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome in carcinogenesis. However, few studies have examined gut microbiome characteristics across the entire spectrum, from CRC development to treatment. The study used 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of gut bacteria and fungi in a Chinese cohort of healthy controls (HC), CRC patients, CRA patients, and CRC postoperative patients (PP). Our analysis showed that beta diversity was significantly different among the four groups based on the gut bacterial and fungal data. A total of 51 species of bacteria and 8 species of fungi were identified in the HC, CRA, CRC, and PP groups. Correlation networks for both the gut bacteria and fungi in HC vs. CRA, HC vs. CRC, and HC vs. PP indicated some hub bacterial and fungal genera in each model, and the correlation between bacterial and fungal data indicated that a highly significant negative correlation exists among groups. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in a large cohort of HC, CRC, CRA, and PP patients demonstrated a significantly increasing trend of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feces of CRC patients than that of HC patients (p < 0.01). However, the abundance levels of CRA and PP were significantly lower in HC patients than those in CRC patients. Further studies are required to identify the functional consequences of the altered bacterial/fungal composition on metabolism and CRC tumorigenesis in the host.
Metabolic fingerprinting of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Morales-González Victoria , Galeano-Sánchez Daniel , Covaleda-Vargas Jaime Enrique , Rodriguez Yhojan , Monsalve Diana M. , Pardo-Rodriguez Daniel , Cala Mónica P. , Acosta-Ampudia Yeny , Ramírez-Santana Carolina
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease, marked by an unpredictable course, high morbidity, and increased mortality risk that occurs especially in the diffuse and rapidly progressive forms of the disease, characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that the identification of altered metabolic pathways may play a key role in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, metabolomics might be pivotal in a better understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: Through a systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines (PRISMA), searches were done in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2000 to September 2022. Three researchers independently reviewed the literature and extracted the data based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Of the screened studies, 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 151 metabolites were differentially distributed between SSc patients and healthy controls (HC). The main deregulated metabolites were those derived from amino acids, specifically homocysteine (Hcy), proline, alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, glutamine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), citrulline and ornithine, kynurenine (Kyn), and tryptophan (Trp), as well as acylcarnitines associated with long-chain fatty acids and tricarboxylic acids such as citrate and succinate. Additionally, differences in metabolic profiling between SSc subtypes were identified. The diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) subtype showed upregulated amino acid-related pathways involved in fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis. Lastly, potential biomarkers were evaluated for the diagnosis of SSc, the identification of the dcSSc subtype, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and interstitial lung disease. These potential biomarkers are within amino acids, nucleotides, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Discussion: The altered metabolite mechanisms identified in this study mostly point to perturbations in amino acid-related pathways, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, possibly associated with inflammation, vascular damage, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. Further studies in targeted metabolomics are required to evaluate potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.
Nanogels as novel drug nanocarriers for CNS drug delivery
Authors: Manimaran V. , Nivetha R. P. , Tamilanban T. , Narayanan J. , Vetriselvan Subramaniyan , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Chinni Suresh V. , Sekar Mahendran , Fuloria Shivkanya , Wong Ling Shing , Biswas Anupam , Ramachawolran Gobinath , Selvaraj Siddharthan
Published: August 2023

Nanogels are highly recognized as adaptable drug delivery systems that significantly contribute to improving various therapies and diagnostic examinations for different human diseases. These three-dimensional, hydrophilic cross-linked polymers have the ability to absorb large amounts of water or biological fluids. Due to the growing demand for enhancing current therapies, nanogels have emerged as the next-generation drug delivery system. They effectively address the limitations of conventional drug therapy, such as poor stability, large particle size, and low drug loading efficiency. Nanogels find extensive use in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, reducing adverse drug effects and enabling lower therapeutic doses while maintaining enhanced efficacy and patient compliance. They are considered an innovative drug delivery system that highlights the shortcomings of traditional methods. This article covers several topics, including the involvement of nanogels in the nanomedicine sector, their advantages and limitations, ideal properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug loading capacity, particle size, permeability, non-immunological response, and colloidal stability. Additionally, it provides information on nanogel classification, synthesis, drug release mechanisms, and various biological applications. The article also discusses barriers associated with brain targeting and the progress of nanogels as nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system.
Virtual reality-based music attention training for acquired brain injury: A protocol for randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Shin Joon-Ho , Jeong Eunju
Published: August 2023

Attention training is the primary step in the rehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). While active music performance has been reported to aid neural and functional recovery, its efficacy for patients with ABI remains uncertain due to methodological concerns. The purpose of the study is to develop a virtual reality-based music attention training (VR-MAT), which utilizes a visually guided, bilateral drumming in an immersive environment to train attention and executive functions. We also aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the VR-MAT with a small sample size of participants (3–60 months after ABI, N = 20 approximately). Participants will be randomly assigned to either a waitlist control or music group, in which VR-MAT will take place five times weekly over 4 weeks (randomized crossover design). The evaluation of VR-MAT performance will include accuracy and response time in music responses. Neurocognitive outcome measures will be administered to quantify pre-post changes in attention, working memory, and executive functions. Additionally, functional near-infrared spectroscopy will be employed to explore the relationships between musical behavior, neurocognitive function, and neurophysiological responses.
Direct training high-performance spiking neural networks for object recognition and detection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li Yang , He Bin , Fan Xiongfei , Wang Yue , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The spiking neural network (SNN) is a bionic model that is energy-efficient when implemented on neuromorphic hardwares. The non-differentiability of the spiking signals and the complicated neural dynamics make direct training of high-performance SNNs a great challenge. There are numerous crucial issues to explore for the deployment of direct training SNNs, such as gradient vanishing and explosion, spiking signal decoding, and applications in upstream tasks.

Methods

To address gradient vanishing, we introduce a binary selection gate into the basic residual block and propose spiking gate (SG) ResNet to implement residual learning in SNNs. We propose two appropriate representations of the gate signal and verify that SG ResNet can overcome gradient vanishing or explosion by analyzing the gradient backpropagation. For the spiking signal decoding, a better decoding scheme than rate coding is achieved by our attention spike decoder (ASD), which dynamically assigns weights to spiking signals along the temporal, channel, and spatial dimensions.

Results and discussion

The SG ResNet and ASD modules are evaluated on multiple object recognition datasets, including the static ImageNet, CIFAR-100, CIFAR-10, and neuromorphic DVS-CIFAR10 datasets. Superior accuracy is demonstrated with a tiny simulation time step of four, specifically 94.52% top-1 accuracy on CIFAR-10 and 75.64% top-1 accuracy on CIFAR-100. Spiking RetinaNet is proposed using SG ResNet as the backbone and ASD module for information decoding as the first direct-training hybrid SNN-ANN detector for RGB images. Spiking RetinaNet with a SG ResNet34 backbone achieves an mAP of 0.296 on the object detection dataset MSCOCO.