bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An independent, replicable, functional and significant risk variant block at intron 3 of CACNA1C for schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Zuxing , Chen Wenzhong , Cao Yuping , Dou Yikai , Fu Yingmei , Zhang Yong , Luo Xingqun , Kang Longli , Liu Na , Shi Yun Stone , Li Chiang-shan R , Xu Yifeng , Guo Xiaoyun , Luo Xingguang
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Genome-wide association studies have identified a significant risk gene, CACNA1C, for schizophrenia. In this study, we comprehensively investigated a large set of CACNA1C single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the replicable risk alleles for schizophrenia and explore their biological functions.

Methods:

One Jewish (1044 cases vs 2052 controls), one European (1350 cases vs 1378 controls) and one exploratory African American samples (98 cases vs 20 controls) were analyzed to identify replicable single-nucleotide polymorphism–schizophrenia associations. The regulatory effects of risk alleles on CACNA1C messenger RNA expression were examined. The most robust risk tagSNP (rs1006737) was meta-analyzed on 17 studies (74,122 cases vs 109,062 controls), and associated with the gray matter volumes of seven subcortical structures in 38,258 Europeans, and the surface areas and thickness of 34 cortical regions in 33,992 Europeans and 2944 non-Europeans.

Results:

Forty-seven replicable risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including a 20-single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype block, were identified in our samples (1.8 × 10−4 ⩽  p ⩽ 0.049). This variant block was consistently associated with schizophrenia across four independent Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohorts (79,645 cases vs 109,590 controls; 2.5 × 10–17 ⩽  p ⩽ 0.017). This block showed significant expression quantitative trait loci in three independent European brain cohorts (5.1 × 10–12 ⩽  p ⩽ 8.3 × 10–3) and could be tagged by the most significant risk single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1006737. The minor allele A of rs1006737 significantly increased risk for schizophrenia across the Jewish and European samples ( p = 0.029 and 0.004, respectively), and this association was highly significant in the meta-analysis ( p = 1.62 × 10–42). This allele also significantly altered the CACNA1C messenger RNA expression in five brain regions (5.1 × 10–12 ⩽  p ⩽ 0.05), decreased the gray matter volume of thalamus ( p = 0.010), the surface area of isthmus cingulate cortex ( p = 0.013) and the thickness of transverse temporal and superior temporal sulcus cortexes (0.005 ⩽  p ⩽ 0.043).

Conclusion:

We identified an independent, replicable, functional, and significant risk variant block at CACNA1C for schizophrenia, which could be tagged by the most robust risk marker rs1006737, suggesting an important role of CACNA1C in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Composite control for disturbed direct-driven surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator with model prediction strategy
Authors: Shi Hong-Jun , Nie Xu-Chen
Published: April 2021

In order to obtain the best power in the wind energy conversion system (WECS) of the direct-driven surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator (SPMSG), active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is introduced to track the motor speed in real time. The control algorithm provides a new design concept and an inherent robust controller component that requires very little system information. Aiming at the problem of system parameter mutation caused by internal factors and external environment changes, an adaptive controller with multi parameter identification is designed, and the disturbance caused by parameter changes is compensated in real time. The model predictive current control (MPC) technology for the sudden change of external environment is designed to accelerate the response speed of the current loop, so as to weaken the estimation of the current disturbance by the active disturbance rejection controller, and make the speed estimation more accurate. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective and satisfactory.
European Citizenship in the Ongoing Brexit Process
Authors: Maas Willem
Published: April 2021

Although traumatic, the ongoing Brexit process does not fundamentally alter either the legal status of European citizenship or the debates about it within the European Union (EU). Citizenship and free movement are so fundamental to the European project that even the new status of an important state like the UK does not change the political dynamics surrounding them.
Online Continuous Professional Learning: A Model for Improving Reading Outcomes in Regional and Remote Schools?
Authors: Main Susan , Slater Eileen
Published: April 2021

Professional learning provides the opportunity to improve teacher practice and student outcomes; however, challenges exist in ensuring that teachers can access quality professional learning. Teachers in regional and remote schools may have even more limited access to the expertise required to support changes in practice than their peers in metropolitan centers. This article reports on a continuing professional learning program designed to support teachers in two regional schools to implement a new approach to teaching reading in their schools. The findings from this research suggest that existing online learning platforms can be used to deliver targeted instructional coaching for teachers and support in-school coaches to improve their knowledge of reading instruction and their instructional coaching skills.
Understanding Lived Experiences of Food Insecurity through a Paraliminality Lens
Authors: Moraes Caroline , McEachern Morven G , Gibbons Andrea , Scullion Lisa
Published: April 2021

This article examines lived experiences of food insecurity in the United Kingdom as a liminal phenomenon. Our research is set within the context of austerity measures, welfare reform and the precarity experienced by increasing numbers of individuals. Drawing on original qualitative data, we highlight diverse food insecurity experiences as transitional, oscillating between phases of everyday food access to requiring supplementary food, which are both empowering and reinforcing of food insecurity. We make three original contributions to existing research on food insecurity. First, we expand the scope of empirical research by conceptualising food insecurity as liminal. Second, we illuminate shared social processes and practices that intersect individual agency and structure, co-constructing people’s experiences of food insecurity. Third, we extend liminality theory by conceptualising paraliminality, a hybrid of liminal and liminoid phenomena that co-generates a persistent liminal state. Finally, we highlight policy implications that go beyond short-term emergency food access measures.
Citizenship acquisition and spatial stratification: Analysing immigrant residential mobility in the Netherlands
Authors: Leclerc Christophe , Vink Maarten , Schmeets Hans
Published: May 2021

Whereas the so-called ‘citizenship premium’ in the labour market has been widely studied, we know little about how naturalisation affects immigrants’ lives beyond work and income. Focusing on the Netherlands, this paper analyses the relationship between citizenship acquisition and immigrant residential mobility, in particular the propensity of immigrants to move away from areas with high concentrations of migrants. We draw on register data from Statistics Netherlands ( N = 234,912). We argue that possessing Dutch citizenship reduces spatial stratification by diminishing the risk of housing market discrimination, thereby facilitating mobility outside of migrant-concentrated areas. Our findings show that naturalised immigrants are 50% more likely to move out of concentrated neighbourhoods, all else constant. The effect of naturalisation is especially relevant for renting without housing benefits and for home ownership, and for mid-risk immigrants who earn around the median income and hold permanent jobs, whose applications face strong scrutiny from landlords, rental agencies and mortgage lenders.
The Grievance Studies Affair; One Funeral at a Time: A Reply to Pluckrose, Lindsay, and Boghossian
Authors: Cole Geoff G.
Published: April 2021

In 2018, Lindsay, Boghossian, and Pluckrose published four “hoax” articles within a number of disciplines that rely on critical theory (e.g., gender studies, feminism). When revealing the project, the authors argued that they wanted to expose these fields as being primarily motivated by ideology and social justice rather than knowledge generation. Their method tested the hypothesis that editors and reviewers will support papers that advocate “ludicrous” ideas including “fat bodybuilding.” In the pages of this journal, I presented a critique of their procedure, and the authors have provided a commentary on my article. After discussing the issue of whether their project was a hoax or not, I will argue that the crux of the matter is whether the papers were ludicrous/absurd. I will show how the authors made a fundamental error in their method; they failed to assess whether their ideas were indeed ludicrous/absurd.
Examining the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in London care homes
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Howard Alastair , Davies Mike , Mavrogianni Anna , Tsoulou Ioanna , Oikonomou Eleni , Wilkinson Paul
Published: May 2021

This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings. Continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels was conducted in summer 2019 along with thermal comfort surveys and semi-structured interviews with older residents and staff of the care settings. Indoor temperatures were found to be high (>30°C) with bedroom temperatures often higher at night than daytime across both care settings. Limited opening due to window restrictors constrained night-time ventilation. Overheating was prevalent with four out of the five monitored bedrooms failing all four overheating metrics investigated. While 35–42% of staff responses perceived indoor temperatures to be uncomfortably hot, only 13–19% of resident responses were found to do so, indicating that elderly residents tend to be relatively insensitive to heat, leaving them open to overheating without realising it. Residents and staff in the modern care setting were less satisfied with their thermal conditions. As hybrid buildings, care settings need to keep both residents and staff comfortable and healthy during hot weather through night-time ventilation, management of heating and supportive institutional practices.

Practical application:

Care home designs have focused on keeping residents warm through the winter, neglecting the risks of summertime overheating. Care homes are hybrid buildings serving as living spaces for vulnerable older residents and offices/workspaces for staff. Providing comfort to both groups during periods of hot weather is challenging. Opportunities for ventilation are limited by Health & Safety regulations that mandate up to 10 cm maximum window openings and institutional practices that result in windows routinely kept closed, particularly at night. Utilising natural and where possible cross-ventilation should be considered along with external shading. Heating should be managed to avoid unwanted heat gains in the summer.
The Effect of War Commemorations on Support for Diplomacy: A Five-Nation Study
Authors: Watkins Hanne M. , Li Mengyao , Allard Aurélien , Leidner Bernhard
Published: May 2021

We remember the past in order not to repeat it, but does remembrance of war in fact shape support for military or diplomatic approaches to international conflict? In seven samples from five countries (collected online, total N = 2,493), we examined support for military and diplomatic approaches to conflict during war commemorations (e.g., Veterans Day). During war commemorations in the United States, support for diplomacy increased, whereas support for military approaches did not change. We found similar results in the United Kingdom and Australia on Remembrance Day, but not in Germany, or France, nor in Australia on Anzac Day. Furthermore, support for diplomacy was predicted by concern about loss of ingroup military lives during war, independently of concern about harm to outgroup civilians. These studies expand our understanding of how collective memories of war may be leveraged to promote diplomatic approaches to contemporary geopolitical conflict.
Supporting the Early Detection of Disease Onset and Change Using Document Vector Analysis of Nursing Observation Records
Authors: Komaki Shotaro , Muranaga Fuminori , Uto Yumiko , Iwaanakuchi Takashi , Kumamoto Ichiro
Published: May 2021

Nursing records are an account of patient condition and treatment during their hospital stay. In this study, we developed a system that can automatically analyze nursing records to predict the occurrence of diseases and incidents (e.g., falls). Text vectorization was performed for nursing records and compared with past case data on aspiration pneumonia, to develop an onset prediction system. Nursing records for a patient group that developed aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization and a non-onset control group were randomly assigned to definitive diagnostic (for learning), preliminary survey, and test datasets. Data from the preliminary survey were used to adjust parameters and influencing factors. The final verification used the test data and revealed the highest compatibility to predict the onset of aspiration pneumonia (sensitivity = 90.9%, specificity = 60.3%) with the parameter values of size = 80 (number of dimensions of the sentence vector), window = 13 (number of words before and after the learned word), and min_count = 2 (threshold of wordcount for word to be included). This method represents the foundation for a discovery/warning system using machine-based automated monitoring to predict the onset of diseases and prevent adverse incidents such as falls.
The Associations Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Trust in Physician With Immunization Service Use in U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Wang Mengxiao , Li Mengting , Dong XinQi
Published: May 2021

This study investigated sociodemographic factors for immunization care use and the relationship between trust in physician (TIP) and immunization service use in older Chinese Americans. Data were collected through the Population Study of Chinese Elderly, including survey information of 3,157 older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Regression results showed that the odds of getting vaccinated were higher for those who were older, female, and had higher education and income. After adjusting for the covariates, higher TIP was associated with greater immunization service use. The highest tertile of TIP was associated with higher odds of using immunization service ( OR 2.19, 95% CI [1.76, 2.72]), especially for flu and pneumonia vaccines. Findings suggests that immunization service use may be increased by improving TIP and promoting targeted health care management plans for racial/ethnic minorities, which is highly relevant to increase the vaccination rate and contain the pandemic as the COVID-19 vaccine is available.
On the importance of being agreeable: The impact of personality traits on prosocial lying in children
Authors: Demedardi Marie-Julie , Stephan Yannick , Monnier Catherine
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relation between personality traits and prosocial lie-telling in children. A sample of 187 children aged 8–12 years ( M age = 9.74 years, SD age = 1.01) was recruited from elementary schools in the south of France. The children’s prosocial lies were measured using the Helping Scenario, and personality was assessed using the Big Five Questionnaire for Children. Results indicated that compared to children with lower scores, children with high agreeableness scores were more likely to agree to lie to help others at their own expense, suggesting that personality may play a role in the decision-making process of lying to help others in this age-group.
Of savages and Stoics: Converging moral and political ideals in the conjectural histories of Rousseau and Ferguson
Authors: Bijlsma Rudmer
Published: April 2021

This article undertakes a comparative study of the conjectural histories of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson, focusing on the convergences in the moral and political ideals expressed and grounded in these histories. In comparison with Scots like Adam Smith and John Millar, the conjectural histories of Ferguson and Rousseau follow a similar historical trajectory as regards the development and progress of commercial, political and cultural arts. However, their assessment of the moral progress of humanity does not, or in a much more limited way than in Smith and Millar, correlate with this trajectory. Rousseau and Ferguson see a candour and vigour in savage and barbarian societies that is much less easily supported by the complex socio-economic framework of modern, commercial societies. It is argued that the convergences in their conjectural histories arise from a similar fusion of these histories with Stoic and republican perspectives. While Rousseau and Ferguson do not see history as cyclical, they think that the forces that push towards moral decline are strong and can, on the political level, only be countered by firm republican policies. Furthermore, their shared Stoic ideal of the life lived according to nature informs their solutions for modern societies.
Intrapulmonary artery septation for unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery
Authors: Koizumi Junichi , Iwase Tomoyuki , Tsuji Shigeto , Goto Takuya , Oyama Kotaro , Kin Hajime
Published: April 2021

We describe a seven-month-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot and an absent left pulmonary artery. Due to the diminutive size of the left pulmonary artery, we performed a native tissue left pulmonary artery reconstruction and intrapulmonary artery septation procedure with a left modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. After confirming left pulmonary artery growth, the patient underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair, removal of septation patch, and division of the Blalock-Taussig shunt. Nine months post-surgery, we confirmed his balanced lung perfusion (R/L ratio 6:4). The intrapulmonary artery septation procedure would be suitable for both the resuscitation and reconstruction of the hypoplastic absent pulmonary artery.
Frequency domain analysis and clinical outcomes of pulsatile and non-pulsatile blood flow energy during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Jiang Qiliang , Sun Jian , Xu Lingfeng , Chang Xin , Sun Lin , Zhen Yue , Guo Zhen
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

The superiority of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass remains controversial. We analyzed the frequency-domain characteristics and organ protection of pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow in adult patients with valvular disease.

Methods:

EEP and SHE were used to calculate blood flow energy in 60 patients. The Fast Fourier Transform was employed to analyze the power spectral density and power density ratio (Rvpd) of flow energy. Changes in endothelin-1, nitric oxide, interleukin-6,10, tumor necrotic factor, S100β, NSE, blood and urinary β2-microglobulin levels were investigated to assess the endothelial function, inflammatory reaction, kidney and brain injury during CPB.

Results:

EEP and SHE in PP group at each time point were 1.52–1.62 times and 2.03–2.22 times higher respectively compared with NP group. Power spectral density analysis demonstrated that the blood flow energy frequencies in each group were all within 40 Hz and the low frequency energy (0–5 Hz) was dominant in physiological perfusion (>90%). The energy ratio of 0–5 Hz at radial artery was significantly decreased compared with that of post arterial filter in PP (81% vs 64%) and NP (63% vs 37%) group. The power density ratio (Rvpd) was higher than that of NP in all frequency ranges at the radial artery (9.51 vs 4.68 vs 3.59) and arterial filter (3.87 vs 2.69 vs 2.38). The S100β, NSE Urinary and plasma β2-microglobulin level were significantly increased at 6 and 24 hours after surgery in two group, and significantly higher in group NP.

Conclusion:

PP provided more energy than NP. The proportion of low frequency energy in the pulsatile or nonpulsatile flow is significantly reduced. The low-frequency energy is significantly attenuated during conduction to peripheral tissues in nonpulsatile flow. The surplus pulsatile energy influences the secretion of endothelial and inflammatory factors, and demonstrate better cerebral and kidney protective effect at the biological marker level.
The importance of living well now and relationships: A qualitative study of the barriers and enablers to engaging frail elders with advance care planning
Authors: Combes Sarah , Gillett Karen , Norton Christine , Nicholson Caroline Jane
Published: May 2021

Background:

The population of frail elders is growing, and due to their vulnerability to sudden deterioration, advance care planning is particularly important. However, advance care planning is uncommon for multiple reasons, some of which are linked to the perceptions of frail elders and their families.

Aim:

To explore the barriers and enablers to advance care planning engagement with frail elders.

Design:

Qualitative in-depth interviews with thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

Purposive sample of 10 frail elders and 8 nominated family members using a community-based older persons’ service run by a large urban UK hospice. Frail elders had capacity, were ⩾65 (median 85, range 71–95), scored 6 or 7 (median 6.5) on the Clinical Frailty Scale, and 70% were female.

Results:

Key barriers were: Advance care planning is unclear, in terms of meaning and the language used; Lack of relevance, with frail elders preferring to focus on living well now; and the Importance of family, relationships and home, and the influence of relationship on end of life decision-making. Engagement strategies included preparing the frail elder for advance care planning conversations and using a gentle, honest, individualised approach.

Conclusions:

Essential enablers for frail elders are understanding what advance care planning is and why it may be relevant to them. For professionals, enablers include recognising the importance of living well now and relational decision-making. To further support advance care planning, recommendations include early engagement and re-conceptualising advance care planning as an ongoing process which encompasses current and future care. Further research is needed in different cultures and care contexts.
Versatile Uses of Crimpable Hooks
Authors: Shenoi Susmita Bala , Badavannavar Anand
Published: April 2021

The crimpable hook is a widely accepted tool onto which active elements can be fixed to aid in orthodontic tooth movement.

This clinical pearl aims at showing the different ways in which crimpable hooks can be used to better orthodontic treatment mechanics, which are Crimpable hooks used for buccolingual force mechanics and Crimpable hooks used in conjunction with orthodontic miniscrews.

The above-mentioned simple methods aim to facilitate and make easy the attachment of force elements for various kinds of tooth movements.

It can help the operator to save time, prevent unwanted side effects of forces, as well as reduce the need for ligature wires for the attachment of force systems onto implant heads or lingual sheaths.
How to dress to impress: The effect of concert dress type on perceptions of female classical pianists
Authors: Urbaniak Olivia , Mitchell Helen F
Published: May 2021

Audiences expect music performers to follow tacit dress codes for the concert stage. In classical music performance, audiences favor performers in formal dress over casual dress, but it is unclear what constitutes appropriate formal attire. A perceptual study was designed to test for different interpretations of suitable concert dress. Four female pianists in three contrasting black outfits (long dress, short dress, and suit) were video-recorded performing three musical pieces, and the audio was dubbed throughout for audio consistency. Thirty listener/viewers rated the clips on musicality, technical proficiency, overall performance, and appropriateness of dress. Performances in the long dress were rated significantly higher than in the short dress or suit. The short dress was consistently rated lowest, whereas the suit received more complex responses. Follow-up interviews confirmed listener/viewers’ unconscious bias toward untraditional formal attire and their tendency to objectify the performers. They were unblinded to the purpose of the task and were able to reflect on the tangible implications of concert dress, stage manner, and physical appearance on their evaluations. Future studies should harness the potential for experiential learning, or “learning by doing,” to expand future music professionals’ critical evaluation skills.
The effects of sensory deprivations during the initial practice of short piano pieces: An experiment with four students at different academic levels
Authors: Madeira Renan Moreira , dos Santos Regina Antunes Teixeira
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the effects of sensory deprivations during the initial practice of four short piano compositions in both deprivation and postdeprivation situations. Four different experimental conditions were employed: (A) deprivation of the piano, with visual decoding of the score; (B) deprivation of the piano and score, with auditory decoding of a commercial recording of the practiced composition; (C) deprivation of the sound response, with the score being decoded in a turned-off digital piano; and (D) deprivation of the score, with the recording being decoded on an acoustic piano. Four participants, all piano students, were part of the research sample: one who was taking piano classes in the university’s extension program; two undergraduate participants, a sophomore and a senior; and a student in the graduate program. Three participants managed to recreate the auditory information they did not have as a function of the condition of deprivation based on their own manipulations and aural skills. The effects of the deprivations on the four participants while practicing raised their awareness of how to use their personal skills to extract information from their practice sessions and affected their aims regarding the pieces they practiced.
Offense Narrative Roles of Turkish Offenders
Authors: Zeyrek-Rios Emek Yuce , Canter David V. , Youngs Donna
Published: April 2021

The study of offense narratives emphasizes the agency of the offender which brings psychology closer to law. As an effort to create a standardized and quantitative method to evaluate offender narratives, Youngs and Canter developed the Narrative Roles Questionnaire (NRQ) based on the content analyses of the crime narratives of offenders in UK prisons. The current study aims to investigate the applicability of offense narrative roles framework among Turkish offenders. The application of the offense narrative roles model to a non-Western country is the first step toward the acceptance of criminal narrative theory as a universal explanation of criminal behavior. A translation of the NRQ was administered to 468 Turkish male inmates who have committed a wide range of offenses from fraud to murder. The results of an MDS analysis yielded four roles, namely Professional, Revenger, Hero, and Victim, echoing the original formulation proposed by Youngs and Canter. The reliability coefficients of scales derived for these roles were all at desired levels. The results support the applicability of the NRQ framework in a non-English context.
Steffen K, Abdalati W and Stroeve J (1993) Climate sensitivity studies of the Greenland ice sheet using satellite AVHRR, SMMR SSM/I and in situ data. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 51(3–4): 239–258. DOI:10.1007/bf01030497
Authors: Box Jason E. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Abdalati Waleed
Published: April 2021

Physical geographer Konrad “Koni” Steffen, lost 8 August 2020 in a crevasse on the Greenland ice sheet, was a pioneer in satellite remote sensing and field observations of the Greenland ice sheet. This Classics Revisited piece honors the memory of Koni Steffen and examines the impact of a work which laid the foundation for numerous studies that made the Greenland ice sheet and the man global icons of climate change.
Determinants of pain interference and headache impact in patients who have chronic migraine with medication overuse: Results from the MOTS trial
Authors: Schwedt Todd J , Sahai-Srivastava Soma , Murinova Natalia , Birlea Marius , Ahmed Zubair , Digre Kathleen , Lopez Kristina , Mullally William , Blaya Maike Tiede , Pippitt Karly , Cutrer Fred Michael , DeLange Justin , Schecht Howard , Rizzoli Paul , Lane Judy , Wald John , Cortez Melissa M , Martin Vincent T , Spare Nicole M , Hentz Joseph G , Robert Teri , Dodick David W ,   on behalf of the MOTS Investigators
Published: May 2021

Objective

“Pain interference” and “headache impact” refer to negative consequences that pain and headache have on one’s life. This study investigated determinants of these negative impacts in a large patient cohort who have chronic migraine with medication overuse.

Methods

Six hundred and eleven adults were enrolled from 34 headache, neurology, and primary care clinics. Negative consequences of chronic migraine with medication overuse were determined using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference 6b questionnaire and the Headache Impact Test 6. Relationships between PROMIS-6b and Headache Impact Test 6 scores with demographics, headache characteristics, medication use, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms were assessed with linear regression. Elastic Net regression was used to develop a multiple regression model.

Results

PROMIS-6b T-Scores averaged 65.2 (SD 5.4) and Headache Impact Test 6 scores averaged 65.0 (SD 5.3), indicating severe negative consequences of chronic migraine with medication overuse. Chronic migraine with medication overuse interfered with enjoyment of life, concentration, daily activities, doing tasks away from home, and socializing. Depression symptom severity had the strongest relationship with pain interference and headache impact. Moderate-to-severe headache frequency, headache intensity, and anxiety symptoms were also associated with pain interference and headache impact.

Conclusions

Chronic migraine with medication overuse is associated with substantial negative consequences, the extent of which is most strongly related to depression symptoms.
Reliability-Based Assessment of Potential Risk for Lane-Changing Maneuvers
Authors: Joo Yang-Jun , Park Ho-Chul , Kho Seung-Young , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: April 2021

Despite the urgent need for continuous risk assessments during autonomous driving, achieving reliable assessment results is still challenging because of the unpredictable behaviors of adjacent human drivers and the resulting complexity. Such complexity increases particularly during lane changes because several vehicles need to interact with other vehicles. Therefore, this paper proposes a new framework to analyze lane-changing risk on freeways considering the forecastability in adjacent vehicles. Virtual lane-change scenarios are constructed based on historical maneuvers in adjacent vehicles, and the risk of potential lane change is evaluated through the safety evaluation result of the scenario. Adjacent vehicles’ future maneuvers are predicted using a multivariate Bayesian structural time series model, and the forecastability is estimated as the standard error of the predicted values. The failure probability of those lane-changing scenarios is obtained through the first-order reliability method, assuming that failure occurred when any time-to-collision value for adjacent vehicles was less than a threshold at the end of the lane change. This study tested two scenarios with three levels of uncertainty to show the effect of uncertainty on the level of risk. The results showed that the reduced uncertainty allowed a clearer distinction between risky situations. The proposed framework differentiates itself from existing methods by estimating higher risk in an adjacent vehicle’s more significant uncertainties. It is expected that the outcome of this study will be valuable in developing reliable lane-change strategies in autonomous driving.
Study on the mechanism of inhomogeneous microdamage in short-pulse laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Authors: Xu Luyao , Lu Jiuru , Li Kangmei , Hu Jun
Published: April 2021

In this article, a micro-heterogeneous material simulation model with carbon fiber and resin phase about laser ablation on carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is established by Ansys. The ablation process of CFRP by nanosecond ultraviolet laser is simulated, and the mechanism of pulse energy and spot spacing on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is studied, then the process parameters are optimized with the goal of HAZ size and processing efficiency, and finally the validity of the model is verified by experiments. It is found that the residual gradient and the width of the radial HAZ increase with the increase of the spot spacing, and the width of the axial HAZ decreases slightly with the increase of the spot spacing, which indicates the existence of the optimal spot spacing. Second, the ablation depth increases with the increase of the pulse energy, and the carbon fiber retains a relatively complete degree of exposure when the pulse energy is low, which has a certain guiding significance for the cleaning and bonding of CFRP.
Understanding Narrative-Driven Intergroup Conflict Dynamics Using Computational Cognitive Coherence Maps
Authors: Yilmaz Levent
Published: May 2021

Humans make sense of the world through narratives. Therefore, adversaries often use conflict-sustaining narratives to maintain dominance and delegitimize the actions of the rivals. To better understand narratives’ role and influence in such intractable conflicts, a computational framework and methodology are introduced. The computational cognitive model and its underlying inference mechanism allow analysts to simulate and analyze narratives in relation to opposing narratives. The ability to simulate the interaction of adversarial stories with a set of micronarratives shared by members of a group opens new avenues to counter conflict-sustaining narratives. The methodology and its application to a concrete conflict scenario demonstrate how to conduct simulation-driven exploratory analysis over a complex adaptive narrative space to discern how narratives are matched to unfolding events and how they can be used to facilitate favorable change.
The Expression of Cultural Identities in Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement: A Semantic Network Analysis of Tweets
Authors: Xi Yipeng , Chen Anfan , Zhang Weiyu
Published: May 2021

Building upon the theories of nested identity and optimal distinctiveness, this study examines the identity structure of Hong Kong Twitter users as reflected in their tweets and how their structure changed over time during the Anti-Extradition Movement. By employing semantic network analysis and discursive historical analysis, we found that the identity structure expressed by Hong Kong Twitter users manifested a composite mesh of a sense of victimization, democratic values, sense of autonomy, and sense of helplessness. Moreover, the way Hong Kong Twitter users distinguished themselves from others was hybrid and miscible, justified by an affirmation for morality. The identity expression changed its emphasis regarding different identity concepts as the movement evolved. Implications on how social movement impacts identity politics, and vice versa, are also discussed.
Evaluation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Combination With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sassenrath Kimberly , Phillips Beth Bryles , Stone Rebecca H.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess the available literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with multiple daily insulin injections (MDII).

Data Sources:

A literature search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed (2004 to May 2020) using the following search terms: glucagon-like 1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, diabetes mellitus, and prandial insulin or bolus insulin. Additional references were obtained from cross-referencing the bibliographies of selected articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All information obtained from the searches were reviewed. All relevant trials are included in this review.

Data Synthesis:

Eight studies met criteria for inclusion. The addition of a GLP-1 RA to multiple daily insulin injections was associated with a reduction in A1c in 7 out of 8 studies, and weight loss in 5 studies. In studies that allowed insulin adjustment after the addition of GLP-1 RA, the average total daily insulin dose was reduced in 3 studies. When evaluated, hypoglycemia frequency or other adverse events were not increased when GLP-1 RAs were added to MDII.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Guidelines do not offer recommendations regarding the use of GLP-1 RAs in combination with MDII regimens. This review evaluates current studies demonstrating efficacy and safety considerations of this combination.

Conclusions:

While some studies did demonstrate an improvement in A1c and reduction in insulin doses without increased hypoglycemia, larger randomized controlled trials are needed to adequately assess the benefit and safety of GLP-1 RAs in combination with MDII.
The grid management system in contemporary China: Grass-roots governance in social surveillance and service provision
Authors: Mittelstaedt Jean Christopher
Published: May 2021

How should we understand the formation of the grid management system (网格化管理) of grass-roots governance in China? In this article, I argue that the grid system is an extension of existing governance structures. Facing conflicting central messaging, local grid development encountered isomorphic pressures, leading grids to resemble higher-level administration and to inherit a top–down and stability-focused mode of operation. To support this argument, I analyse five aspects: shifts in elite-level discourse, the proliferation of the grid system, recruitment standards for grid members, grid members’ tasks, and their assessment. Showcasing wide local variety, the grid system retains a managerial approach while collapsing service provision into security.
Designing a module in entrepreneurship for product design students
Authors: White P.J. , Kennedy Con
Published: April 2021

Creative problem-solving has been identified as one of the most critical future-proof skillsets we can develop in our society. When educating future designers, entrepreneurship skills are now considered essential; however, designers find it difficult to establish themselves as entrepreneurs. Therefore, graduate designers are increasingly in need of these skills to complement their creative ability. This paper offers information to academic institutions looking to implement entrepreneurship modules in existing design and creative programmes. The paper seeks to understand the entrepreneurship skills required for product design graduates through a case study. Current teaching practice is described, and interviews and co-design sessions with relevant stakeholders are conducted to inform future entrepreneurship education for product design students. From these findings, a module descriptor entitled ‘Entrepreneurship for Designers’ was created for an existing programme and delivered through both practice and theory. This module is intended to provide an understanding of the entrepreneurship process and to offer students the confidence to pursue design-related ventures post-graduation.
Accurate calculations of working chamber volume constructed from involute of variable radii circle with double arcs modification in a scroll type compressor
Authors: Ding Jianan , Yue Xiangji , Zhang Yingli , Ba Dechun
Published: April 2021

A mathematical modeling of working chamber volume, constructed from the involute of variable radii circle with double arcs modification, is established in this study. The formulations of working chamber volume which is consisted of the involute of variable radii circle and modified by double arcs at center profiles are accurately deduced, and the orbiting angle of scroll at every moment has a corresponding working chamber volume. The effect of parameters on the working chamber volume is investigated. The different values of initial radius of base circle, starting involute angle, corrected increment, polytropic index and modified angle will change the working chamber volume. Furthermore, the effect of parameters on suction volume and volume ratio has been considered in this study, and the design schemes to obtain the highest volume radio are also studied. These results can be used to provide general implications in calculation of working chamber volume constructed from other type involutes and modifications.
Domesticating the future through history
Authors: Simon Zoltán B
Published: May 2021

In the most general sense, the modern idea of history is a conceptual tool deployed in order to domesticate experienced novelty and expectations of the future. In Western modernity, the operation we usually call historicization has been nothing other than an operation of temporal domestication: the integration of experienced and expected novelty into a larger processual scheme we associate with modern historical time. Based on these theoretical considerations, this article has a dual objective. First, through an analysis of historical approaches to the Anthropocene—that exemplifies present-day perceived radical novelty—it attempts to identify the linguistic-conceptual means of temporal domestication through historical time. Second, it raises the question of the politics of historical time today by focusing on the evaluative aspects of temporal domestication in an age when the future increasingly appears a threat. As a brief conclusion, the article calls for broader recognition of what it calls a plurihistoricity of “historical” transitions, the co-existence of multiple kinds of transformation and change over time.
Technological Adoption as a Social Process in Food Centres in Singapore
Authors: Raghunath Nilanjan
Published: April 2021

Technological advancements in the digital economy have affected work cultures and labour displacements. Technological adoption is a highly social process, which involves resistance and failure to adapt by individuals in the midst of it. Therefore, there is a need to understand the everyday experiences of individuals who are impacted by technological changes in their work practices. Through ethnographic accounts of five field sites, this article aims to examine the effects of technology on work cultures in food centres in Singapore. Food centres were observed to be heavily dependent on complex human interactions, which often hindered technological implementations that were meant to simplify work processes. Nonetheless, the challenges can be mitigated through consultations with relevant social groups to improve technological incorporation.
India–Vietnam Strategic Partnership in the Emerging Indo-Pacific Construct
Authors: Naidu G. V. C.
Published: April 2021

India–Vietnam strategic partnership has become consolidated but is far below its potential due to negligence of economic and other non-strategic dimensions. The emergence of the Indo-Pacific offers considerable scope and opportunity for Vietnam to expand its strategic outlook beyond its vicinity, befitting an emerging economic tiger as it encompasses a much larger region. Vietnam is far better placed to play a key role in the emerging geopolitical and geoeconomic equation if it can leverage its strengths appropriately. That will also help to further strengthen its partnership with India. For that, Hanoi needs to evolve its own Indo-Pacific vision followed by a strategy whereby it can enhance its strategic heft, which can be quite handy in dealing with China.
Accounting and internal mechanisms of corporate governance during the inter-war-period in France
Authors: Bensadon Didier
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on the role of accounting in governance arrangements. The French context is marked by the inexistence of external governance mechanisms and by the total lack of effectiveness of independent auditing. Therefore, the objective of this article is to shed light on the internal governance mechanisms implemented by the leading French aluminium producer during the inter-war period and the role played by accounting in this implementation. On the basis of the archives of the Compagnie Alais, Froges et Camargue (AFC) between 1921 and 1939, it appears that in a context marked by very strong external growth, management strengthened financial reporting systems and internal control procedures. In addition, the directors used the financial statements as early as 1923 to determine the financial effort of the AFC group and to measure the flows intended to finance the group’s material and financial investments. Accounting is unquestionably at the heart of AFC’s internal governance mechanisms.
Recovery from anorexia nervosa: the influence of women’s sociocultural milieux
Authors: Allison Stephen , Warin Megan , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey C L , Strand Mattias
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Young women living in industrialised westernised societies have a higher prevalence of anorexia nervosa, partly due to a cultural emphasis on thinness as a beauty ideal. Sociocultural milieux might promote recovery from anorexia nervosa amongst young women. The current article is a commentary about the social influences on recovery from anorexia nervosa – based on social anthropology, narratives of people with lived experience, and clinical studies.

Conclusion:

Anorexia nervosa increases social withdrawal, and recovery leads to re-engagement with meaningful relationships. Recovery also empowers women as ‘cultural critics’ who challenge assumptions about the thinness beauty ideal and gender roles. The gradual process of full or partial recovery often occurs during emerging adulthood (aged 20–29). In this life stage, adolescent friendship groups are dissolving as women move from education to work, reducing the danger of weight-based teasing by peers, which is an environmental risk factor for disordered eating. Women recovering from anorexia nervosa may connect with those aspirations of peers and mentors that eschew a focus on weight and shape, but relate to the life-stage tasks of starting careers, beginning new friendships, selecting life partners and family formation – that is, a broader role in larger relationship networks.
Integration of the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Screening Instrument Into School Nurse Practice
Authors: Bourgault Anna , Etcher LuAnn
Published: May 2021

Substance abuse in adolescents has been recognized as a public health problem at the national and global levels. Adolescents are at risk for experimenting with substances. School nurses in secondary schools are well positioned to screen and counsel students on substance use. In this project, school nurses’ self-efficacy levels increased in using the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) process posteducation, and SBIRT was integrated into school nurses’ practice. Initiatives aimed at stopping or preventing substance use are beneficial for a healthy society.