bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
pH-Responsive nanofiber buttresses as local drug delivery devices
Authors: Altinbasak Ismail , Kocak Salli , Colby Aaron H. , Alp Yasin , Sanyal Rana , Grinstaff Mark W. , Sanyal Amitav
Published: November 2022

A pH-responsive nanofiber-based buttress affords an effective device for localized drug delivery.
Phase behaviour of model triglyceride ternary blends: triolein, tripalmitin and tristearin
Authors: Pellegrino Luca , Tyagi Gunjan , Robles Eric S. J. , Cabral João T.
Published: November 2022

We investigate the phase behavior of model ternary triacylglycerol blends, comprising triolein (C57H104O6, OOO), tripalmitin (C51H98O6, PPP) and tristearin (C57H110O6, SSS), in order to rigorously map the thermal transitions of model natural ‘fats’.
Enhanced photoelectric performance of MoSSe/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructures with tunable multiple band alignment
Authors: Xu Xuhui , Jiang Xinxin , Gao Quan , Yang Lei , Sun Xuelian , Wang Zhikuan , Li Dongmei , Cui Bin , Liu Desheng
Published: November 2022

The MoSSe/MoS2 vdWH with a type-II energy band arrangement exhibits a large photocurrent density of up to 0.9 mA cm−2, demonstrating its promising potential for application in next-generation photovoltaic devices.
Actinide-doped boron clusters: from borophenes to borospherenes
Authors: Zhang Nai-Xin , Wang Cong-Zhi , Lan Jian-Hui , Wu Qun-Yan , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: November 2022

First-principles calculations demonstrated that the quasi-planar boron cluster of B36forms borospherenes after actinide metal doping.
Coordination properties of Cu(ii) ions towards a phosphorylated fragment from the R1 domain of the tau protein and the effect of Ser phosphorylation on Cu(ii) binding affinity
Authors: Kyriakou Dimitra , Bletsa Eleni , Moussis Vassilios , Deligiannakis Yiannis , Malandrinos Gerasimos
Published: November 2022

A comparison of the Cu(ii) binding affinities of the peptide Ac-GSTENLKH-NH2 and its Ser phosphorylated analogue, belonging to the R1 domain of the tau protein, revealed that the latter is a more effective ligand in acidic media.
Proteomics analysis of MSN, MWCNT and ZnO nanoparticle-induced alteration in prepubertal rat ovary
Authors: Yadav Karmveer , Ali Syed Azmal , Kaul Noyonika , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Kaul Gautam
Published: November 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and zinc oxide (ZnO).
Microwave-irradiated rapid synthesis of antimicrobial pyrazine derivatives in reactive eutectic media
Authors: Schneider Helen , Merbouh Nabyl , Keerthisinghe Sandra , Antonietti Markus , Filonenko Svitlana
Published: November 2022

The influence of dilution with water on the efficiency of reactive eutectic media from ammonium formate and monosaccharides for synthesis of hydroxyalkylpyrazines via microwave irradiation.
Green and facile method for valorization of lignin to high-performance degradable thermosets
Authors: Zhang Weiqiong , Wang Binbo , Xu Xiwei , Feng Hongzhi , Hu Kezhen , Su Yi , Zhou Sican , Zhu Jin , Weng Gengsheng , Ma Songqi
Published: November 2022

This work discloses a green and straightforward countermove of cross-linking unmodified lignin to high-performance and degradable thermosets.
Understanding the interaction mechanism of carbazole/anthracene with N,N-dimethylformamide: NMR study substantiated carbazole separation
Authors: Cao Hui , Dou Mengyu , Lyu Zexiang , Wang Yingxiong , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Qiao Yan
Published: November 2022

In this work, the intermolecular interaction of carbazole/anthracene with DMF was investigated using various NMR techniques. More importantly, the intermolecular hydrogen bond between carbazole and DMF in the form of CO⋯H–N was proposed.
Sampling and determination of antimony isotopes in airborne particles: an assessment of membrane filter materials
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Guangyi , Li Xinyu , Wu Yunjie , Yao Heng , Huang Jen-How , Feng Xinbin
Published: November 2022

A pretreatment method for antimony (Sb) in airborne particles for high-precision Sb isotopic analysis was developed for the first time.
Transparent and flexible high-surface area nanoporous crystalline PPO films
Authors: Nagendra Baku , Salman Syed , Daniel Christophe , Rizzo Paola , Guerra Gaetano
Published: November 2022

Guest and processing conditions leading to high surface area (SA) nanoporous-crystalline (NC) poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO) films are explored.
Isolation, structural elucidation, and bioactivity of cholestane derivatives from Ypsilandra thibetica
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhang Shi-Juan , Yue Grace Gar-Lee , Yu Ling-Ling , Liu Hui , Ma Wen-Yi , Yan Huan , Ni Wei , Lau Clara Bik-San , Liu Hai-Yang
Published: November 2022

Compound 1 with two oxygen bridges between C-16/C-23 and C-18/C-23, together with four 23-spirocholestane derivatives, were isolated from Ypsilandra thibetica.
Modulating the electronic configuration of Co species in MOF/MXene nanosheet derived Co-based mixed spinel oxides for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu Chuming , Yang Xifeng , Li Shuang , Li Keke , Xi Benjun , Han Qing-Wen , Wu Ya-Pan , Wu Xue-Qian , Chi Ru-an , Li Dong-Sheng
Published: November 2022

Mixed Co-based spinel oxides were synthesized via a simple MOF/MXene pyrolysis–reorganization strategy, which revealed that the coupling effect between Co3O4 and Co2TiO4 is crucial for improving OER activity.
Copper-catalyzed enantioselective fluoroalkenylation of cyclic imino esters
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Huang Xiang , Liao Jian , Wang Min
Published: November 2022

A copper-catalyzed enantioselective fluoroalkenylation of cyclic imino esters was developed. Using this protocol, tetrasubstituted monofluoroalkenes bearing a quaternary center were afforded in good yields with high E/Z-selectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
Ruthenium-catalyzed divergent deaminative and denitrative C–N cleavages: facile access to quinoxalines
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Liang Jiahui , Zhang Pingjun , Li Zhenzhen , Jiao Lin-Yu , Jia Wei , Ma Yangmin , Szostak Michal
Published: November 2022

Divergent deaminative and denitrative C–N cleavages and cascade transformations using amines and nitroalkanes have been developed under a highly effective and environmentally-friendly catalytic system (RuCl3/TFE).
Precise manipulation of electron transfers to enable the site-selective hydropyridylation of ynones
Authors: Ma Jing , Yang Jianjing , Yan Kelu , Li Bingwen , Luo Boju , Jing Meirou , Zhou Yumeng , Wu Ziling , Tian Laijin , Wen Jiangwei
Published: November 2022

The site-tunable hydropyridylation of ynones was successfully delivered by precisely manipulating electron transfer under electrochemical conditions using square-wave voltammetry as a powerful tool.
Rational design and organocatalytic enantioselective [1 + 4]-annulations of MBH carbonates with modified enones
Authors: Guo Xing , Shen Boming , Liu Chang , Zhao Hongyue , Li Xuechen , Yu Peiyuan , Li Pengfei
Published: November 2022

According to the frontier molecular orbital theory, two types of modified enones have been designed and successfully applied in the chiral phosphine-catalyzed stereoselective [1 + 4]-annulation of MBH carbonates for the first time.
Production of a recyclable nanobiocatalyst to synthesize quinazolinone derivatives
Authors: Budhiraja Meenakshi , Chudasama Bhupendra , Ali Amjad , Tyagi Vikas
Published: November 2022

Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs) are an emerging innovation that paves the way toward sustainable and eco-friendly endeavors.
Effects of flow history on extensional rheological properties of wormlike micelle solution
Authors: Jang In-Hyuk , Lee Won Jun , Jin Daekwon , Kim Ju Min
Published: November 2022

The extensional rheological properties of wormlike micelle solutions depending upon on shear flow histories were investigated by combining the dripping-onto-substrate/capillary break-up extensional rheometry combined with a stop-flow control method (SF-DoS/CaBER).
Effect of laser irradiated silver doped polystyrene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin film for solar cell applications
Authors: Yabagi Jibrin Alhaji , Jameel Muhammad Hasnain , Jabbar Abdullah Hasan , Kimpa Mohammed Isah , Qays Malik Rami , Xin Sim Pei , Babakatcha Ndanusa , Ladan Muhammad Bello , Hamzah Maytham Qabel , Agam MohdArif , Hessien M. M. , Mersal Gaber A. M.
Published: November 2022

In the current research, the resist action of silver-doped polystyrene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) solar thin film towards laser irradiation was observed.
Study on the long time aging behavior of MAPbI3: from experiment to first-principles simulation
Authors: Li Yan , Dong Yu-Jing , He Hong , Chen Xue-Lian , Jiang Hao , Jia Yu
Published: November 2022

Both defect passivation and preventing ion diffusion are necessary for reaching the stable perovskite film.
Recent advances in the utilization of polyaniline in protein detection: a short review
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Nabi Nuzhat , Pointer India , Kumar Amit , Taylor Darlene. K.
Published: November 2022

Attachment of biomolecules to polyaniline.
Thermal characterization of highly exothermic flash chemistry in a continuous flow calorimeter
Authors: Fu Gang , Jiang Juncheng , Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: November 2022

Robust calorimetric data for highly exothermic organolithium reactions are obtained within a modular 3D printed continuous flow calorimeter.
Recent advances in photobioreactor systems for sustainable and enhanced microalgal biofuel production
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Yoo Junsang , Lee Won Gu
Published: November 2022

This review summarizes the current developments of microalgal biofuel production based on system design costs such as initial design cost and expected net profit and describes several examples of designs for economic microalgae cultivation.
Promoting electrocatalytic CO2methanation using a molecular modifier on Cu surfaces
Authors: Wang Cheng , Kong Xiangdong , Huang Junming , Yang Yu , Zheng Han , Wang Huijuan , Dai Suiyang , Zhang Shuzhen , Liang Yongxiang , Geng Zhigang , Li Fengwang , Zeng Jie
Published: November 2022

A benzenethiol molecule modulates the electronic structure of copper surfaces and thus tunes the coverage of key reaction intermediates, boosting electrochemical CO2methanation.
Ultrathin IrRu nanocages with tunable electronic reciprocity for highly efficient water splitting in acidic media
Authors: Wang Shangzhi , Yang Shan , Wei Ziqi , Liang Yujia , Zhu Jiawei , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu
Published: November 2022

Ultrathin IrxRu1−xcubic nanocages with precisely controlled atom accuracy of six atomic layers and well-defined {200} facets exhibit significantly low overpotential for the HER and OER in acidic medium.
Light-responsive bent-core liquid crystals as candidates for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Dominguez-Candela Ivan , Zulkhairi Iman , Pintre Inmaculada , Aripin Nurul Fadhilah Kamalul , Lora-Garcia Jaime , Fombuena Vicent , Ros M. Blanca , Martinez-Felipe Alfonso
Published: November 2022

We have assessed the potential of light-responsive bent-core liquid crystals as candidate materials for energy conversion and storage applications, and promoted isothermal phase transitions between columnar and smectic phases.
Specific isotopic labelling and reverse labelling for protein NMR spectroscopy: using metabolic precursors in sample preparation
Authors: Rowlinson Benjamin , Crublet Elodie , Kerfah Rime , Plevin Michael J.
Published: November 2022

The study of protein structure, dynamics and function by NMR spectroscopy commonly requires samples that have been enriched (‘labelled') with the stable isotopes 13C and/or 15N. The standard approach is to uniformly label a protein with one or both of these nuclei such that all C and/or N sites are in principle ‘NMR-visible'. NMR spectra of uniformly labelled proteins can be highly complicated and suffer from signal overlap. Moreover, as molecular size increases the linewidths of NMR signals broaden, which decreases sensitivity and causes further spectral congestion. Both effects can limit the type and quality of information available from NMR data. Problems associated with signal overlap and signal broadening can often be alleviated though the use of alternative, non-uniform isotopic labelling patterns. Specific isotopic labelling ‘turns on' signals at selected sites while the rest of the protein is NMR-invisible. Conversely, specific isotopic unlabelling (also called ‘reverse' labelling) ‘turns off' selected signals while the rest of the protein remains NMR-visible. Both approaches can simplify NMR spectra, improve sensitivity, facilitate resonance assignment and permit a range of different NMR strategies when combined with other labelling tools and NMR experiments. Here, we review methods for producing proteins with enrichment of stable NMR-visible isotopes, with particular focus on residue-specific labelling and reverse labelling using Escherichia coli expression systems. We also explore how these approaches can aid NMR studies of proteins.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD): how analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has changed prenatal diagnosis for monogenic disorders
Authors: Hanson Britt , Scotchman Elizabeth , Chitty Lyn S. , Chandler Natalie J.
Published: November 2022

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is released into the maternal circulation from trophoblastic cells during pregnancy, is detectable from 4 weeks and is representative of the entire fetal genome. The presence of this cffDNA in the maternal bloodstream has enabled clinical implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for monogenic disorders. Detection of paternally inherited and de novo mutations is relatively straightforward, and several methods have been developed for clinical use, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and PCR followed by restriction enzyme digest (PCR-RED) or next-generation sequencing (NGS). A greater challenge has been in the detection of maternally inherited variants owing to the high background of maternal cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Molecular counting techniques have been developed to measure subtle changes in allele frequency. For instance, relative haplotype dosage analysis (RHDO), which uses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for phasing of high- and low-risk alleles, is clinically available for several monogenic disorders. A major drawback is that RHDO requires samples from both parents and an affected or unaffected proband, therefore alternative methods, such as proband-free RHDO and relative mutation dosage (RMD), are being investigated. cffDNA was thought to exist only as short fragments (<500 bp); however, long-read sequencing technologies have recently revealed a range of sizes up to ∼23 kb. cffDNA also carries a specific placental epigenetic mark, and so fragmentomics and epigenetics are of interest for targeted enrichment of cffDNA. Cell-based NIPD approaches are also currently under investigation as a means to obtain a pure source of intact fetal genomic DNA.
Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction Differential Diagnosis in Adolescents and Adults: A Tutorial
Authors: Sandage Mary J. , Milstein Claudio F. , Nauman Emily
Published: November 2022

Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO), formerly referred to as paradoxical vocal fold motion and vocal cord dysfunction, is a complex disorder of the upper airway that requires skillful differential diagnosis. There are several medical conditions that may mimic ILO (or which ILO may mimic) that should be considered in the differential diagnosis before evidence-supported behavioral intervention is initiated to mitigate or eliminate this upper airway condition. A key in treatment planning is determination of an isolated presentation of ILO or ILO concurrent with other conditions that affect the upper airway. Accurate, timely differential diagnosis in the clinical assessment of this condition mitigates delay of targeted symptom relief and/or insufficient intervention. Accurate assessment and nuanced clinical counseling are necessary to untangle concurrent, competing conditions in a single patient. This tutorial describes the common and rare mimics that may be encountered by medical professionals who evaluate and treat ILO, with particular attention to the role of the speech-language pathologist. Speech-language pathologists receive referrals for ILO from several different medical specialists (allergy, pulmonology, and sports medicine), sometimes without a comprehensive team assessment. It is paramount that speech-language pathologists who assess and treat this disorder have a solid understanding of the conditions that may mimic ILO. Summary tables that delineate differential diagnosis considerations for airway noise, origin of noise, symptoms, triggers, role of the speech-language pathologist, and β-agonist response are included for clinician reference. A clinical checklist is also provided to aid clinicians in the critical assessment process.
A superimposed current based busbar protection scheme using slope degree of grey incidence analysis model
Authors: Joband M. , Homayounifar S. , Sarlak M.
Published: November 2022

Superimposed current components contain effective information, which can be employed to enhance the dependability and security of busbar protection relays. This study aims to investigate the use of the slope degree of grey incidence analysis model to design a methodology for busbar protection. A grey‐based busbar protection criterion has been established to inspect the similarities of the superimposed currents measured by nearby CTs inside busbar protection zone. It is concluded that fault is internal if all of the superimposed currents are similar, otherwise, fault is external. It is shown that in all of the simulated cases, the authors’ methodology can make reliable discrimination between internal and external faults. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the protection indexes of the proposed scheme including security, dependability, sensitivity, and selectivity, are satisfactory for different conditions including fault type, fault resistance (to 500 Ω), fault inception angle, simultaneous faults, evolving faults, faults during transformer energization, CT saturation and normal operating switchings and white noise. Besides, the improvements noted in our algorithm are achieved with a low computational burden and sampling rate. Also, the scheme can be implemented in digital relays. It means that the existing busbar protection scheme can be replaced by the proposed scheme.
Les substances naturelles à usage biostimulant : statut réglementaire et état des lieux de ces préparations naturelles peu préoccupantes (PNPP)
Authors: Davillerd Yann , Marchand Patrice A.
Published: November 2022

Les problématiques posées par les intrants sous leurs diverses formes ont récemment bénéficié d’une plus large prise en compte, et d’un gain d’intérêt auprès du grand public et des autorités compétentes. Cette demande sociétale se traduit par une augmentation et une diversification des solutions alternatives aux intrants d’origine chimique, que ce soit avec les produits de biocontrôle pour la protection des plantes, la fertilisation ou la biostimulation. Les autorités publiques cherchent donc à cadrer l’utilisation de ces nouveaux intrants à l’aide de réglementations nationales en publiant décrets et arrêtés. C’est ainsi qu’en France est née la catégorie des Préparations naturelles peu préoccupantes (PNPP) en 2006. Cette catégorie contient les substances de base, mais aussi les substances naturelles à usage biostimulant ayant récemment fait l’objet d’une modification d’ampleur de leur réglementation, dont nous analysons ici les conséquences en termes de nombre de substances autorisées. La liste des Substances naturelles à usage biostimulant la plus exhaustive possible est obtenue à partir de différents documents officiels concernant les plantes considérées comme alimentaires pour l’être humain et l’animal. L’augmentation considérable du nombre de substances naturelles à usage biostimulant est une opportunité pour les agriculteurs et représente une évolution sans précèdent dans la réglementation, passant d’une approche positive avec des substances explicitement autorisées, à une approche négative où certaines substances sont interdites et toutes les autres sont autorisées. Cet article tente d’éclaircir la situation en permettant aux agriculteurs de disposer d’une base de données de plantes utilisables sans crainte que la substance ou la plante ne soit considérée comme non alimentaire par les autorités, et donc soumise à d’autres contraintes.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Peuker Elmar
Published: November 2022

seit 2 Jahren gibt es diese Fachzeitschrift jetzt schon, und wie wir der Entwicklung
der Abonnentenzahlen und persönlichen Rückmeldungen entnehmen
dürfen, ist das Interesse weiterhin ungebrochen. Das freut uns als
Herausgeber sehr und ist Ansporn, auch weiterhin interessante und praxisrelevante
Themenhefte zu konzipieren und kompetente Fachautoren für die Mitarbeit zu
gewinnen.
„Negativdruck-Lungenödem“ und „alveoläre Hämorrhagie“ als Komplikationen einer oberen Atemwegsobstruktion
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Julian , Kesper Karl
Published: November 2022

Negativdruck-Lungenödem und alveoläre Hämorrhagie sind lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen infolge einer akuten oberen Atemwegsobstruktion. Durch die Obstruktion im Larynx-/Pharynbereich kommt es zu hohen negativen Intrapleuraldrucken, die sich, durch unterschiedliche Faktoren bedingt, auf die Integrität der alveolo-kapillären Membran auswirken. In der Übersichtsarbeit werden klinische Symptome, Ätiologie, die Pathophysiologie sowie die therapeutischen Optionen beschrieben. Ziel ist es, den Kliniker mit den Krankheitsbildern und den Komplikationen vertraut zu machen.
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a
3-Year-Old Girl with Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia: A Case
Report
Authors: Wang Sisi , Yang Xue , Ai Yuan , Zhu Yiping
Published: November 2022

Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is an autosomal recessive disorder
characterized by severe thrombocytopenia that presents soon after birth and is
usually not accompanied by specific somatic malformations [Germeshausen M, Ballmaier
M. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34: 101286]. CAMT is more prevalent in females
than males [Ballmaier M, Germeshausen M. Semin Thromb Hemost 2011; 37:
673–681; Germeshausen M, Ballmaier M. Haematologica 2021; 106:
2439–2448], in contrast to other congenital bone marrow failure syndromes.
Patients with CAMT also exhibit cardiac malformations, cerebellar hypoplasia, growth
retardation, and a distinctive facial appearance [Yldrm A T, Güneş B
T, Oymak Y, et al. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26: 337–341], although it
remains unknown whether these are related to CAMT. Mutations in the MPL gene,
which encodes the thrombopoietin receptor, are the pathogenetic cause of CAMT
[Germeshausen M, Ballmaier M. Haematologica 2021; 106: 2439–2448]. Since
thrombopoietin is involved in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and
megakaryocyte development [Germeshausen M, Ballmaier M. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol
2021; 34: 101286], CAMT may eventually manifest as a hematopoietic failure.
Currently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only
cure for CAMT. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings are the first-choice
donors for HSCT because transplantations from matched unrelated donors have a low
success rate [King S, Germeshausen M, Strauss G, et al. Br J Haematol 2005; 131:
636–644]. Cancio et al. [Cancio M, Hebert K, Kim S, et al. Transplant Cell
Ther 2022; 28: 101 e101–101 e106] reviewed 86 patients treated over 18 years
and reported that although HLA-mismatched donors can extend the survival of CAMT
patients, HLA-matched donors are preferred. The present report describes the
successful treatment of a 3-year-old girl with CAMT using haploidentical allogeneic
HSCT from the father, even though he harbored a mutant MPL gene.
Quantitative Evaluation of Brain Echogenicity in Hypoxic-Ischemic
Encephalopathy in Term Neonates Compared with Controls
Authors: Gonçalves Fabrício Guimarães , Freeman Colbey , Khrichenko Dmitry , Hwang Misun
Published: November 2022

Purpose Neurosonography evaluation of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE) is mainly qualitative. We aimed to quantitatively compare
the echogenicity of several brain regions in patients with HIE to healthy
controls.

Materials and Methods 20 term neonates with clinical/MRI evidence
of HIE and 20 term healthy neonates were evaluated. Seven brain regions were
assessed [frontal, parietal, occipital, and perirolandic white matter (WM),
caudate nucleus head, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus]. The echogenicity of the
calvarial bones (bone) and the choroid plexus (CP) was used for ratio
calculation. Differences in the ratios were determined between neonates with HIE
and controls.

Results Ratios were significantly higher for HIE neonates in each region
(p<0.05). The differences were greatest for the perirolandic WM, with CP
and bone ratios being 0.23 and 0.22 greater, respectively, for the HIE compared
to the healthy neonates (p<0.001). The perirolandic WM had a high AUC,
at 0.980 for both the CP and bone ratios. The intra-observer reliability for all
ratios was high, with the caudate to bone ratio being the lowest at 0.832 and
the anterior WM to CP ratio being the highest at 0.992.

Conclusion When coupled with internal controls, quantitative
neurosonography represents a potential tool to identify early neonatal HIE
changes. Larger cohort studies could reveal whether a quantitative approach can
discern between degrees of severity of HIE. Future neurosonography protocols
should be tailored to evaluate the perirolandic region, which requires posterior
coronal scanning.
A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Gender Data from over 2,700 Abstract Authors in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base
Authors: Behmer Hansen Rosemary T. , Behmer Hansen Ryan A. , Gold Justin L. , Blocher III William A. , Palma Samantha D. , Susman Stephen J. , Batchu Sai , Silva Nicole A. , Richardson Angela M.
Published: November 2022

Objective The North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) annual conference brings together skull base researchers from surgical and nonsurgical fields. Our objective was to quantify the contributions of the authors by gender, who presented their work at NASBS and were subsequently published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base.

Methods Oral and poster abstracts presented at the NASBS annual meeting from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 were extracted from the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. The genderize.io Web application programming interface was utilized to determine authorship gender. A minority of first and last authors had departmental affiliations listed; a subgroup analysis was performed of these authors.

Results Female gender was assigned to 498 (17.8%) of the 2,798 first authors and 269 (9.7%) of the 2,762 last authors. Female authorship has consistently increased over the last decade. Representation was higher in otolaryngology (23.3% of first authors, 12.1% of last authors; p = 0.018) than neurosurgery (13.5% of first authors, 4.3% of last authors; p = 0.004). Female researchers were not less likely than their male counterparts to receive prestigious oral presentations. Of the 52 total countries represented, 20 (38.5%) had at least one female first author. Representation varied dramatically between countries.

Conclusion The NASBS' efforts have undoubtedly contributed to these impressive strides toward gender parity. More work is needed to ensure that the best and the brightest, regardless of background, continue to contribute to skull base surgery research.
Maturity Level of Digital Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Initiatives in Jordan and Palestine
Authors: Alyahya Mohammad S. , Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E. , Khader Yousef S. , Nemer Maysaa , Al-Sheyab Nihaya A. , Corbion Alexandrine Pirlot de , Cabrera Laura Lazaro , Sahay Sundeep
Published: November 2022

Background While there is a rapid increase in digital health initiatives focusing on the processing of personal data for strengthening the delivery of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) services in fragile settings, these are often unaccompanied at both the policy and operational levels with adequate legal and regulatory frameworks.

Objective The main aim was to understand the maturity level of digital personal data initiatives for RMNCH services within fragile contexts. This aim was performed by choosing digital health initiatives from each country (two in Jordan and three in Palestine) based on RMNCH.

Methods A qualitative study design was adopted. We developed a digital maturity assessment tool assessing two maturity levels: the information and communications technology digital infrastructure, and data governance and interoperability in place for the five selected RMNCH initiatives in Jordan and Palestine.

Results Overall, the digital infrastructure and technological readiness components are more advanced and show higher maturity levels compared with data governance and interoperability components in Jordan and Palestine. In Jordan, the overall Jordan stillbirths and neonatal deaths surveillance initiative maturity indicators are somehow less advanced than those of the Electronic Maternal and Child Health Handbook-Jordan (EMCH-J) application. In Palestine, the Electronic Maternal and Child Health-registry initiative maturity indicators are more advanced than both Avicenna and EMCH-Palestine initiatives.

Conclusion The findings highlighted several challenges and opportunities around the application and implementation of selected digital health initiatives in the provision of RMNCH in Jordan and Palestine. Our findings shed lights on the maturity level of these initiatives within fragile contexts. The maturity level of the five RMNCH initiatives in both countries is inadequate and requires further advancement before they can be scaled up and scaled out. Taking the World Health Organization recommendations into account when developing, implementing, and scaling digital health initiatives in low- and middle-income countries can result in successful and sustainable initiatives, thus meeting health needs and improving the quality of health care received by individuals especially those living in fragile contexts.
Do Google Trends Correlate with the Number of Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures Performed in the United States?
Authors: McGuigan Kelly C. , Trinh Lily Nguyen
Published: November 2022

Introduction Cosmetic facial surgical procedures have become increasingly popular. Previous studies have shown an association between Internet searches for and volume of these procedures being performed. There is a paucity of data on the correlation between Google Trends search volumes and actual number of facial plastic surgery procedures performed.

Methods Google Trends, a tool that collects and analyzes the results from Google, was used to identify the average search volumes of popular facial plastic surgery procedures between 2004 and 2020. The identified search terms were correlated with the actual number of facial plastic surgery procedures done as reported by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was completed to determine correlation between the two variables.

Results There were very weak to moderate correlations between relative search volume (RSV), the ratio of a query's search volume to the sum of the total search volume over a given time period, of procedures with the number of procedures performed in the same or following year. Of the six terms (blepharoplasty, cheek implant, neck lift, mentoplasty, rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy) evaluated, correlation of RSV and number of procedures completed in the same year and the following year showed very weak to moderate correlations. The associated searches for the terms were related to specifics of a procedure including cost, before and after photos, different terms for a given procedure, or other related procedures.

Conclusion This study showed that RSV for common cosmetic plastic surgery procedures did not significantly correlate with the number of procedures performed annually in the United States. More research is needed to further understand the use of Google Trends in gauging patient interest in a procedure and understanding what patients seek to learn about a procedure.
Expected resolution limits of x-ray free-electron laser single-particle imaging for realistic source and detector properties
Authors: E Juncheng , Kim Y. , Bielecki J. , Sikorski M. , de Wijn R. , Fortmann-Grote C. , Sztuk-Dambietz J. , Koliyadu J. C. P. , Letrun R. , Kirkwood H. J. , Sato T. , Bean R. , Mancuso A. P. , Kim C.
Published: November 2022

The unprecedented intensity of x-ray free-electron laser sources has enabled single-particle x-ray diffraction imaging (SPI) of various biological specimens in both two-dimensional projection and three dimensions (3D). The potential of studying protein dynamics in their native conditions, without crystallization or chemical staining, has encouraged researchers to aim for increasingly higher resolutions with this technique. The currently achievable resolution of SPI is limited to the sub-10 nanometer range, mainly due to background effects, such as instrumental noise and parasitic scattering from the carrier gas used for sample delivery. Recent theoretical studies have quantified the effects of x-ray pulse parameters, as well as the required number of diffraction patterns to achieve a certain resolution, in a 3D reconstruction, although the effects of detector noise and the random particle orientation in each diffraction snapshot were not taken into account. In this work, we show these shortcomings and address limitations on achievable image resolution imposed by the adaptive gain integrating pixel detector noise.
On the discrete Dirac spectrum of a point electron in the zero-gravity Kerr–Newman spacetime
Authors: Kiessling Michael K.-H. , Ling Eric , Tahvildar-Zadeh A. Shadi
Published: November 2022

The discrete spectrum of the Dirac operator for a point electron in the maximal analytically extended Kerr–Newman spacetime is determined in the zero-G limit (zGKN), under some restrictions on the electrical coupling constant and on the radius of the ring-singularity of the zGKN spacetime. The spectrum is characterized by a triplet of integers, associated with winding numbers of orbits of dynamical systems on cylinders. A dictionary is established that relates the spectrum with the known hydrogenic Dirac spectrum. Numerical illustrations are presented. Open problems are listed.
Possible helimagnetic order in Co4+-containing perovskites Sr1−xCaxCoO3
Authors: Takahashi Hidefumi , Onose Masaho , Kobayashi Yasuhito , Osaka Takahiro , Maeda Soushi , Miyake Atsushi , Tokunaga Masashi , Sagayama Hajime , Yamasaki Yuichi , Ishiwata Shintaro
Published: November 2022

We systematically synthesized perovskite-type oxides Sr1−xCaxCoO3 containing unusually high valence Co4+ ions by a high pressure technique and investigated the effect of systematic lattice change on the magnetic and electronic properties. As the Ca content x exceeds about 0.6, the structure changes from cubic to orthorhombic, which is supported by the first-principles calculations of enthalpy. Upon the orthorhombic distortion, the ground state remains to be apparently ferromagnetic, with a slight drop of the Curie temperature. Importantly, the compounds with x larger than 0.8 show antiferromagnetic behavior, with positive Weiss temperatures and nonlinear magnetization curves at the lowest temperature, implying that the ground state is non-collinear antiferromagnetic or helimagnetic. Considering the incoherent metallic behavior and the suppression of the electronic specific heat at the high x region, the possible emergence of a helimagnetic state in Sr1−xCaxCoO3 is discussed in terms of the bandwidth narrowing and the double-exchange mechanism with the negative charge transfer energy, as well as the spin frustration, owing to the next-nearest neighbor interaction.
Dynamic scaling of stochastic thermodynamic observables for chemical reactions at and away from equilibrium
Authors: Mondal Shrabani , Greenberg Jonah S. , Green Jason R.
Published: November 2022

Physical kinetic roughening processes are well-known to exhibit universal scaling of observables that fluctuate in space and time. Are there analogous dynamic scaling laws that are unique to the chemical reaction mechanisms available synthetically and occurring naturally? Here, we formulate an approach to the dynamic scaling of stochastic fluctuations in thermodynamic observables at and away from equilibrium. Both analytical expressions and numerical simulations confirm our dynamic scaling ansatz with associated scaling exponents, function, and law. A survey of common chemical mechanisms reveals classes that organize according to the molecularity of the reactions involved, the nature of the reaction vessel and external reservoirs, (non)equilibrium conditions, and the extent of autocatalysis in the reaction network. Varying experimental parameters, such as temperature, can cause coupled reactions capable of chemical feedback to transition between these classes. While path observables, such as the dynamical activity, have scaling exponents that are time-independent, the variance in the entropy production and flow can have time-dependent scaling exponents and self-averaging properties as a result of temporal correlations that emerge during thermodynamically irreversible processes. Altogether, these results establish dynamic universality classes in the nonequilibrium fluctuations of thermodynamic observables for well-mixed chemical reactions.
Detection of defect levels in vicinity of Al2O3/p-type GaN interface using sub-bandgap-light-assisted capacitance–voltage method
Authors: Akazawa Masamichi , Tamamura Yuya , Nukariya Takahide , Kubo Kouta , Sato Taketomo , Narita Tetsuo , Kachi Tetsu
Published: November 2022

Defect levels in the vicinity of the Al2O3/p-type GaN interface were characterized using a sub-bandgap-light-assisted capacitance–voltage (C–V) method. For metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) diodes prepared using p-type GaN (p-GaN) and Al2O3 formed by atomic layer deposition, the C–V curves measured in the dark showed capacitance saturation at a negative bias and a large negative voltage shift compared with ideal curves, which implied the effects of donor-like gap states in the vicinity of the Al2O3/p-GaN interface. Upon illumination with monochromated sub-bandgap light with photon energies higher than 2.0 eV under a large positive bias, the subsequently measured C–V curves showed three plateaus. The plateau under the positive bias voltage due to the surface inversion appeared despite the sub-bandgap illumination, which did not appear at 1.8 eV light illumination, indicating the existence of midgap defect levels. Moreover, the other plateaus were attributed to defect levels at 0.60 and 0.7–0.8 eV above the valence band maximum. For a sample whose surface was prepared by photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching to a depth of 16.5 nm, the C–V curve measured in the dark showed a reduced voltage shift compared with the unetched sample. Furthermore, sub-bandgap-light-assisted C–V curves of the sample with PEC etching showed no plateau at a positive bias, which indicated the reduction in the density of the midgap defect states. Possible origins of the detected defect levels are discussed. The obtained results showed that the interface control can improve the properties of p-GaN MOS structures.
Constitutive model for nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys considering grain size effects and tensile–compressive asymmetry
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Dui Guansuo
Published: November 2022

Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) change drastically with grain size. The present contribution develops a constitutive model to reproduce the grain size dependent superelastic behavior and tensile–compressive asymmetry observed in the experiments of nanocrystalline NiTi SMAs. Effects of grain size are incorporated in the developed model by introducing the intrinsic length scale accounting for the transformation hardening as well as the grain-core and grain-boundary phase. In this work, nanocrystalline NiTi SMA is regarded as a two-phase composite material made of inclusions of the grain-core phase dispersed in the grain-boundary phase acting as a matrix. A transformation function allowing for the description of fine-grain strengthening mechanism and tensile–compressive asymmetry is proposed. In the grain-core phase, the evolution law for transformation strain during the forward and reverse transformation is determined. Besides, the constitutive relation of the grain-boundary phase is assumed to be linearly elastic. Based on the equivalent secant bulk and shear modulus of the grain-core and grain-boundary phase, the stress–strain relationship of nanocrystalline NiTi SMAs is derived by using the extended Mori–Tanaka method. Comparisons between experimental and predicted results demonstrate that the proposed model has the ability to reproduce the grain size dependent deformation and asymmetric stress–strain behavior under tension and compression of nanocrystalline NiTi SMAs. In detail, it is found that critical transformation stresses for forward and reverse transformations, dissipation energy density, transformation strain hardening, and maximum transformation strain are sensitive to the grain size and stress states.
Effect of Debye length scale surface features on electro-osmosis and its use to devise a novel electro-microfluidic separation
Authors: Goyal Vishal , Datta Subhra
Published: November 2022

Numerically validated analytical predictions for electro-osmosis over a charged surface decorated with a nanoscale groove pattern are developed for the situation when the electrical double layer thickness is comparable to the spatial period of the grooves. For the analytical predictions, the groove shape can be specified by any continuous periodic function, such as the triangular, trapezoidal, and sinusoidal waveforms, which are investigated as special cases. We discover that the classical Helmholtz–Smoluchowski expression for electrokinetic mobility, notwithstanding its widespread use in measurements, is rendered invalid by the presence of Debye-length-scale unevenness in the surface topography. Furthermore, we use the depth-resolved anisotropic response of oblique grooves to design and optimize a novel electro-microfluidic strategy for separating constituents of a nano-particulate mixture.
A novel way to eliminate the conductivity effect of polycrystalline ferroelectric material
Authors: Sun Xiaofan , Xu Cuiping , Tang Zheng , Jiao Shulin , Gao Zhangran , Lu Yanzhou , Li Dong , Cai Hong-Ling , Wu X. S.
Published: November 2022

The double-wave method is widely used in ferroelectric measurements to eliminate the effects of conductance and capacitance components while preserving the ferroelectric domain contribution. However, in polycrystalline ferroelectric material, the assumption of the evolution of domains by the double-wave method no longer applies due to the domain back switch of de-field, and the domain contribution calculated by the current subtraction method is also problematic. Therefore, we proposed a new method to calculate the charge contribution of conductance and eliminate the conductance interference in the hysteresis loop. Finally, the feasibility of this new method is verified in many typical polycrystalline ferroelectric materials. This work provides a path for the study of ferroelectric properties of some high conductivity materials.
Quantum water desalination: Water generation through separate pathways for protons and hydroxide ions in membranes
Authors: Rayabharam Archith , Aluru N. R.
Published: November 2022

Much of the water desalination strategies has focused on designing pores and membranes that transport water and reject ions and other molecules at a high rate. In this paper, we discuss an approach where protons (H+) and hydroxide (OH−) ions are transported via different mechanisms through a porous membrane, and subsequently, once they have been transported through the membrane, they recombine to generate water. 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2 have generated significant interest for applications such as desalination. Here, we explore the applicability of one such 2D material—a cubic Ti2C MXene membrane—in desalination by creating a OH− ion selective pore, which significantly suppresses protons but allows OH− ions and water to go through. The catalytic properties of MXenes enable the dissociation of water on the surface, and the dissociated protons translocate through the membrane via quantum-dominated phenomena such as hopping from interstitial-to-interstitial. OH− ions translocate through a positively charged pore and recombine with protons on the other side of the membrane to form water. Our results indicate that water molecules generated via quantum processes can significantly enhance the overall transport of water across the membrane.
Fluid dynamic mathematical aspects of supernova remnants
Authors: Abarzhi Snezhana I. , Hill Desmond L. , Williams Kurt C. , Li Jiahe T. , Remington Bruce A. , Martinez David , Arnett W. David
Published: November 2022

Supernovae—explosions of stars—are a central problem in astrophysics since they contain information on the entire process of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities, developing during the supernova blast, lead to intense interfacial RT/RM mixing of the star's materials and couple astrophysical to atomic scales. This work analyzes some fluid dynamic mathematical aspects of the titanic task of supernova's blast. We handle mathematical challenges of RT/RM dynamics in supernova relevant conditions by directly linking the conservation laws governing RT/RM dynamics to symmetry-based momentum model, by exactly deriving the model parameters in the scale-dependent and scale-invariant regimes, and by exploring the special self-similar class for RT/RM interfacial mixing with variable accelerations. We reveal that RT/RM dynamics is strongly influenced by deterministic (the initial and the flow) conditions in the scale-dependent linear and nonlinear regimes and in the self-similar mixing regime. The theory outcomes are consistent with the observations of supernova remnants, explain the results of the scaled laboratory experiments in high energy density plasmas, and yield the design of future experiments for the accurate quantification of RT/RM dynamics in supernova relevant conditions. We find that from fluid dynamic mathematical perspectives, supernovae can be regarded as an astrophysical initial value problem. Along with the guidance of what explodes at microscopic scales, supernova remnants encapsulate information on the explosion hydrodynamics and the associated deterministic conditions at macroscopic scales. We urge such effects be considered in interpretations of the observational data.
Enhanced performance of an Ag(100) photocathode by an ultra-thin MgO film
Authors: Benjamin C. , Churn H. M. , Rehaag T. J. , Soomary L. A. J. , Welsch C. P. , Jones L. B. , Noakes T. C. Q. , Bell G. R.
Published: November 2022

Metal photocathodes are widely utilized as electron sources for particle accelerators for their ease of use, high durability, and fast response time. However, the high work function (WF) and low quantum efficiency (QE) typically observed in metals necessitate the use of high power deep UV lasers. Metal oxide ultra-thin films on metals offer a route to photocathodes with a lower WF and improved QE while maintaining photocathode durability and response time. We show how the photocathode performance of an Ag(100) single crystal is enhanced by the addition of an ultra-thin MgO film. The film growth and WF reduction of 1 eV are characterized, and the QE and mean transverse energy (MTE) are measured as a function of illumination wavelength. An eightfold increase of QE is achieved at 266 nm without adding to MTE through additional surface roughness, and the resistance of the photocathode to O2 gas is greatly improved.