bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic statistical methods in research and their interpretation
Authors: Hyer Stephen , Balani Jyoti
Published: December 2024

Whether quantitative or qualitative, research generates data that requires analysis and interpretation to derive insights. Statistical tests allow researchers to calculate how much the relationship between the variables they have investigated differs from that which might be expected by chance alone. In statistical terms, whether the null hypothesis of no significant relationship is accepted or rejected. This article will consider the common types of statistical tests applied to quantitative research data and their interpretation. By the end of this paper, readers should be better informed about the choice of statistical test for their research study and how to interpret the results.
Simple sample size calculations for crosssectional studies
Authors: Beard James
Published: December 2024

No abstract.
A five-year epidemiological study of tuberculosis and its related risk factors in northwestern Algeria
Authors: Hamri Walid Hassene , Diaf Mustapha , Hamadouche Fatima Zohra
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide emergency and a leading cause of death. Algeria reported an incidence rate between 53 and 88 per 100,000 in 2017. This study aimed to highlight TB’s clinical and therapeutic characteristics at the Pulmonology Unit in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria. 
Method: This retrospective and descriptive study analysed patient records from 2015 to 2020. Data collected included sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, type of TB, and therapeutic evolution after each patient’s treatment period. Data were processed using SPSS. 
Results: Of the 649 TB patients, 57.3% had extra-pulmonary TB, with a higher proportion of females affected. Pulmonary TB cases were predominantly male, and bi-therapy with isoniazid and rifampicin was the most common treatment. Just over half of cases (55.2%) achieved treatment success. 
Conclusion: Although TB incidence gradually declined over the study period, increased attention to extra-pulmonary TB and adherence to treatment protocols are recommended.
Liver fibrosis and its associations among people with hepatitis B in rural Uganda: A retrospective records review
Authors: Patrick Ucama Ufoymungu , Stephen Obwoya Paul , Muhindo Rose , Lumori Boniface Amanee Elias
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B affects about 240 million people worldwide, with significant complications including liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to study the prevalence of liver fibrosis and its associations among people with hepatitis B at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). 
Method: This study was a retrospective review of cross-sectionally collected data in an integrated hospital management system from July 2018 to August 2021 at MRRH. Socio-demographics, co-morbidities, and laboratory parameters were retrieved. Liver fibrosis was defined by an aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet index score of >2. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with liver fibrosis. Associations in the multivariate model with a p-value ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. 
Results: Five hundred and thirty-seven records of hepatitis B patients were retrieved. The median age was 34 (Interquartile Range (IQR), 28-43) years, and 334 (62.2%) were males. One hundred and two (18.99 %) were alcohol consumers, and 189 (35.20 %) were cigarette smokers at the data collection time. The prevalence of liver fibrosis was 10.8% (CI: 8.4–13.7). Hepatitis B viral load ≥ 20,000 IU/ml (AOR: 3.58; 95% CI:1.2-1.1; p<0.016) and cigarette smokers (AOR: 5.33; 95% CI:1.4-19.9; p<0.013) were independently associated with liver fibrosis. 
Conclusion: At our clinic, one in ten people with hepatitis B infection has liver fibrosis. We recommend regular screening of liver fibrosis in all people with hepatitis B, especially those with a viral load ≥20,000 IU/ml and cigarette smokers. Liver screening by a FibroScan in the hepatitis B prevalent areas of resource-limited settings may improve the detection rate.
Modelling Malaria Dynamics in Children under Five Years, Pregnant Women and the Influence of Temperature
Authors: Robert Paul K , Irunde Jacob I , Mtunya Adeline P
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide and it affects the livelihood of people particularly children under 5 years and pregnant women. This study formulates and analyzes a mathematical model that incorporates children under five years, pregnant women and influence of temperature on the transmission dynamics of malaria. The next generation matrix method is applied to compute the basic reproduction number . Analysis shows that malaria-free equilibrium point exists and it is globally asymptotically stable when . Numerical simulations show that the rate of infections in both human and mosquito populations increases as temperature increases. Higher temperatures generally increase the rate of infection in both human and mosquito populations, with distinct impacts on children under five years and pregnant women.
Keywords:    Basic reproduction number, malaria-free equilibrium, model simulation, model analysis, temperature variations.
First-Principles studies on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Corundum samples from the Tanga region
Authors: Tarimo Esther J. , Kanaka Rao Pulapa V , Stanley F.M.
Published: December 2024

The characteristics of corundum are significant as they provide accurate identification supporting its diverse applications, facilitating the development of advanced materials, and ensuring its optimal use across various fields. Corundum alumina (α-Al2O3) samples collected from the Tanga mining region were characterized for crystallographic information using XRD analysis. This crystallographic information was used to build the crystal system of the sample in Biovia Materials Studio modelling and simulation software. The electrical and optical properties of this sample were examined by applying first-principles density functional theory and Generalized Gradient Approximations. For the calculations, a sampling mesh of 6×6×2 k-points, with an energy cut-off of 600 eV, and an energy convergence within 1.0 x 10-5 eV/atom were used. The band gap determined is 6.34 eV at the gamma point exhibiting an insulating property. By plotting their polarized dielectric function in various directions, the optical properties were evaluated. The reflectivity spectra exhibited anisotropic behaviour in the ultraviolet region, enhancing its performance in various electronic and photonic applications. Also, the absorption peaks observed are 64.81 nm along [001] crystalline direction and 65.29 nm along [100] and [010] crystalline directions.
Keywords:    First-Principles studies; Corundum; Band gap; Polarized and anisotropic reflectivity
Integrative human-mouse gene expression and phylogenetics analysis to prioritize genes of evolutionary and biomedical importance in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Ishengoma Edson , Roma Guglielmo , Richards Shola M.
Published: December 2024

Mammalian models, such as mice, are often used to study human retinal diseases, but, owing to the evolutionary time-scale separating the two species, some physiological functions involved in vision differ between the two species. Here, public RNA-seq data sets were used to interrogate genome-wide gene expression patterns in mouse and human retina and retinal pigment epithelium in order to identify genes of significance underlying visual signal processing in the two species. Individual genes with distinct and conserved expression patterns across the retinal tissues were identified both within and between species, followed by an assessment of biomedical roles in visual functions, and their extent of sequence conservation among mammals. There was evidence that the conservation of expression patterns is linked to evolutionary sequence conservation, retinal cell-type specificity and disease association, suggesting that these parameters should be considered together when investigating the genetic and evolutionary underpinnings of mammalian eye function and pathology. The extent of sequence and expression pattern conservation observed at individual genes and at pathway level could highlight the relative importance of signaling pathways that control retinal cell development, differentiation and survival across species. This information may be crucial in providing the basis for which genes to prioritize in cross-species treatment testing, including gene therapy for retinal diseases, as well as providing deeper insights on the evolution of retinal diseases susceptibilities in different species.
Economic pluralism and the Disney princesses
Authors: Jahangir Junaid B.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this paper is to present a pluralist perspective on teaching economic principles through the three Disney stories of Cinderella, The Little Mermaid and The Princess and the Frog. Introducing both neoclassical and heterodox perspectives through Disney animations catches student interest and improves student understanding in a way that traditional pedagogies do not. This is because it makes economic content more relatable to students and thus improves their retention of economic ideas. The emphasis in this paper is on complementing the teaching of standard economics principles with heterodox ideas and concepts including a focus on relative income, exploitation of individuals with lower cognitive abilities, shaping of consumer preferences through predatory advertisements, institutional racism and the limits of markets in addressing discrimination.
Do review sessions improve exam performance? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Stankov Petar
Published: December 2024

Out-of-term classroom time to review exam-related material is widespread. However, despite the investment in organizing and running the review sessions, their causal eﬀect on exam performance remains unknown. Using individual-level data from a quasi-experiment, this paper identifies the eﬀect of a review session on exam performance in a large undergraduate economics course in the United Kingdom. Contrary to pedagogical priors, the eﬀect is insignificant. It is not driven by selection bias and remains insignificant in a series of robustness checks. The puzzling irrelevance of review sessions is discussed. A low-cost response might be to schedule review sessions closer to the exam.
Designing Equilibria in Concurrent Games with Social Welfare and Temporal Logic Constraints
Authors: Gutierrez Julian , Najib Muhammad , Perelli Giuseppe , Wooldridge Michael
Published: December 2024

In game theory, mechanism design is concerned with the design of incentives so that a desired outcome of the game can be achieved. In this paper, we explore the concept of equilibrium design, where incentives are designed to obtain a desirable equilibrium that satisfies a specific temporal logic property. Our study is based on a framework where system specifications are represented as temporal logic formulae, games as quantitative concurrent game structures, and players' goals as mean-payoff objectives. We consider system specifications given by LTL and GR(1) formulae, and show that designing incentives to ensure that a given temporal logic property is satisfied on some/every Nash equilibrium of the game can be achieved in PSPACE for LTL properties and in NP/{\Sigma}P 2 for GR(1) specifications. We also examine the complexity of related decision and optimisation problems, such as optimality and uniqueness of solutions, as well as considering social welfare, and show that the complexities of these problems lie within the polynomial hierarchy. Equilibrium design can be used as an alternative solution to rational synthesis and verification problems for concurrent games with mean-payoff objectives when no solution exists or as a technique to repair concurrent games with undesirable Nash equilibria in an optimal way.

Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2106.10192
Introdução à Linha de Comando Bash
Authors: Milligan Ian , Baker James
Published: December 2024

Essa lição lhe ensinará como enviar comandos utilizando uma interface de linha de comando, ao invés de uma interface gráfica. Interfaces de linha de comando possuem vantagens para usuários de computador que precisam de maior precisão em seu trabalho, como historiadores(as) digitais. Permitem mais detalhamento ao rodar alguns programas, visto que você pode adicionar modificações para especificar exatamente como deseja que um programa seja executado. Além do mais, podem ser facilmente automatizados através de scripts, que são basicamente conjuntos de comandos baseados em texto.
Predictive Abilities of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Exchange Rate Prediction
Authors: Türkoğlu Furkan , Göçecek Eda , Yumrukuz Yavuz
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the efficacy of forecasting models in predicting USD/TRY exchange rate
fluctuations. We assess Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models with 96 and 21 feature sets. Data from 01.01.2010 to 30.04.2024 were
sourced from Bloomberg, CBRT, and BDDK. Findings indicate that LSTM and GRU models outperform
traditional models, with GRU showing the highest predictive accuracy. SVM performs poorly with highdimensional data,
while XGBoost offers moderate predictive power but lacks in capturing intricate
patterns. This study highlights the importance of model and feature selection in financial time series
forecasting and underscores the advantages of advanced neural networks. The results provide valuable
insights for analysts and policymakers in developing robust economic forecasting models.
Ecologia na Igreja
Authors: Donizeti Landgraf Robert
Published: December 2024

A Igreja tem se empenhado em orientar seus membros e toda a sociedade, a partir da teologia da criação, explicando que toda criação é obra do amor de Deus e que cada um de nós temos que assumir uma atitude de responsabilidade e respeito às leis da natureza. Assim, este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a ecologia na Igreja: do Concílio Vaticano II às conferências do Episcopado Latino-americano, a partir de alguns pronunciamentos do magistério pós-conciliar até o Pontificado de Francisco. Para sua elaboração foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em alguns documentos magisteriais da Igreja a partir do pontificado de Paulo VI, perpassando pelo magistério de João Paulo II, Bento XV e Papa Francisco. Neste último, a questão da crise ecológica ganhou destaque com a Carta Encíclica Laudato Si’ e a Exortação Apostólica Laudate Deum. Também foram analisados os documentos elaborados pelas Conferências Episcopais Latino-americana (CELAM) desde a Conferência de Medellín, que tratou de forma discreta esta temática, até ganhar a centralidade na Conferência de Aparecida, cujo relator foi o então Cardeal argentino Jorge Mario Bergoglio, hoje Papa Francisco. Neste documento os bispos, de maneira profética, denunciam que o descaso e a agressão ao meio ambiente ocorrem por razões de interesse capitalistas.
Candida Rosa come esperienza di comunione
Authors: Perriello Ricardo Lucio
Published: December 2024

L’articolo cerca di interpretare la contemplazione beatifica compiuta da Dante nell’Empireo, al vertice del suo viaggio ultramondano, come esperienza di profonda autoconoscenza. Ricordando l’adagio procliano presente nel teorema 184 della Elementatio Theologica, l’essere umano acquisisce la piena autoconoscenza di se stesso e della sua verità fondamentale, in ordine alla conoscenza del proprio fondamento metafisico che è Dio. Quest’esperienza in cui collimano conoscenza della propria origine e conoscenza di se stesso, presenta un carattere non solamente interiore e privato, bensì condivisivo e partecipativo. Infatti, è proprio all’interno della candida rosa beatifica, che Dante, osservando la vastità dei beati che contemplano assieme il Primo principio dell’essere, è da questi beati accompagnato e sorretto in questa esperienza interiore di beatitudine. Interiorità, comunione e condivisione divengono così strettamente relazionati, e si realizzano nell’orizzonte di quell’origine fontale che è Dio stesso, un Dio tutt’altro che monadico, bensì trinitrario. La trinità di Dio, così, rappresenta l’origine dell’essere umano, delle sue facoltà e della sua capacità medesima di relazionarsi agli altri, ossia di essere persona. La triplicità delle facoltà umane nell’unità indissolubile della sua persona, si originano in Dio medesimo, ed, altresì, ne rivelano l’intima verità da conoscere e condividere.
Derechos humanos, educación y diversidad sexual en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana. Dificultades de implementación
Authors: García García César , Guerrero Andrade Iran
Published: December 2024

El propósito de este capítulo es analizar la implementación de los derechos humanos y la diversidad sexual en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana. El marco conceptual es el enfoque de derechos humanos en las políticas públicas. La metodología empleada implica la revisión de la legislación educativa y los actores educativos clave en la implementación de los contenidos de diversidad sexual en el nuevo modelo educativo, así como un análisis descriptivo de los contenidos de los libros de texto gratuitos de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado de primaria publicados por la SEP en el ciclo escolar 2023-2024. Los resultados sugieren que se ha avanzado en materia de derechos humanos en la legislación educativa actual, por medio de incorporar temáticas como la diversidad sexual en los libros de texto gratuitos. Sin embargo, los nuevos libros de texto gratuito presentan algunos problemas didáctico-pedagógicos. Sumado a ello, actores educativos clave, como docentes y padres de familia han dificultado la implementación de este modelo educativo denominado como la Nueva Escuela Mexicana.
LIMITATIONS IN THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN REPORT AND REGULATIONS ON THE METHOD OF COLLECTING, STORING, AND DELIVERING DATA
Authors: Davidović Dragan , Maksimović Jovica , Milović Ivana ,   Advokatska kancelarija Milović, Gornji Milanovac
Published: December 2024

In the area of damage compensation procedures for motor vehicles involved in traffic accidents, two significant innovations have been introduced to facilitate and rationalize the damage compensation
process: the recording of traffic accidents with minor material damage through the European Accident Report, and damage compensation with the documentation of the accident using a Traffic Accident Inspection
Report without the need for the injured party to obtain the report. In this case, the delivery of the Traffic Accident Inspection Report to the insurance companies is carried out electronically, through the
Association of Insurers of Serbia, in accordance with the Regulation on the Method of Collection, Storage, and Delivery of Data from the Traffic Accident Inspection Report dated September 26, 2018. The aforementioned innovations and the intention to shorten and expedite the damage compensation process have also led to certain difficulties for both the injured parties and the insurance companies.
INCIDENTS DURING THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS MATERIALS, INSURANCE PREMIUM AND DAMAGE COMPENSATION
Authors: Ristić Živorad , Doganjić Jelena , Đukić Jelena
Published: December 2024

The high flexibility of a road transport, i.e. the possibility of adaptation in relation to the place, time and volume of transport, make it extremely suitable for the transport of dangerous goods. Traffic accidents take a large number of victims every day and cause tremendous material damages. When vehicles transporting dangerous goods are involved, the risk and consequences of traffic accidents increase
many times, and the consequences are reflected in the suffering of people, the destruction of goods and the degradation of the environment. As a general rule, the person who caused accident does have the financial sources to repair the damage, and the compensation is generally made through an insurance policy, which is often limited by insurance coverage.
Japon Bıldırcınlarında Kuluçkalık Yumurta Ağırlığının Kuluçka Performansına Etkisi
Authors: Kaygısız Ali , Loğoğlu Bülent
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) yumurta döllülük oranı, çıkış gücü, kuluçka randımanı, yumurta ağırlığı ve civciv çıkış ağırlığı gibi kuluçka performansına ait parametreler belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada özel bir işletmede yetiştirilen 3-5 aylık yaştaki damızlık Japon bıldırcın sürüsünden sağlanan 1040 adet kuluçkalık yumurta kullanılmıştır. Yumurtalar 10.4 g olanlar “I. grup”, 10.5-11.7 g arasındakiler “2. grup”, 11.8-12.5 g arasındakiler “3. grup”, 12.6-13.5 g arasındakiler “4. grup” ve 13.6 g olanlar “5. grup” olarak 5 ağırlık sınıfına ayrılmıştır. Yumurta ağırlık sınıflarının kuluçka performansına etkisini değerlendirmek için tek yönlü varyans analizi yapılmış, ayrıca yumurta ağırlığı ile civciv çıkış ağırlığı arasındaki pearson korelasyonu ve regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yumurta ağırlığı ortalama 12.16 g, civciv çıkış ağırlığı ise ortalama 8.47 g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada, kuluçkalık yumurta ağırlığının döllülük oranı, çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanına etkisi anlamlı bulunmuştur. Yumurtalarda döllülük oranı %83±1.2, çıkış gücü %86±1.2 ve kuluçka randımanı %74±1.3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kuluçkalık yumurta ağırlığının döllülük oranı, çıkış gücü ve kuluçka randımanı üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Yumurta ağırlığının artması ile daha ağır civcivler elde edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, bıldırcın yetiştiriciliğinde kuluçkalık yumurta seçiminin önemini vurgulamakta ve daha yüksek verimlilik sağlamak için ağır yumurtaların tercih edilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Community and Quality of Education
Authors: Arfah Muh. , Kaharuddin Kaharuddin , K Bulu
Published: December 2024

This research examines the community’s perception and motivation regarding the Darussalam Integrated Islamic Elementary School in Palopo City. The objectives are: 1) to explore the community's perception of the school, 2) to identify factors motivating families to choose the school, and 3) to evaluate the quality of education provided. Using a qualitative, descriptive field study approach, data was collected through observations, interviews, and documentation from parents and teachers. The analysis included data condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with credibility ensured through extended observations, triangulation, and accuracy checks. The findings reveal that the community holds a highly positive perception of the school, valuing its ability to develop students' character and morals in line with Islamic teachings, alongside a strong focus on Qur’an literacy. The school’s comprehensive facilities and balanced integration of the Merdeka Curriculum and the Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT) curriculum, combining general and Islamic studies, also contribute to this favorable view. Factors like parents’ educational background, economic status, and the school's location further influence their perceptions and decisions.
ÖĞRETMELERDE E-SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIĞI VE SİBERKONDRİ İLİŞKİSİ: KESİTSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Demir Yaşar , Özpınar Saliha , Dağ Erhan
Published: December 2024

Amaç: İnternetin son zamanlarda yaygın kullanımı sonucunda bireyler aklına takılan soruları veya sıkıntıları internet ortamında araştırmaktadırlar. Bu durum e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ve siberkondri kavramlarının gündeme gelmesine yol açmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, toplumun en genç üyeleri olan çocuk ve ergenleri hayata hazırlayan öğretmenlerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ve siberkondri ciddiyeti ilişkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel türdeki çalışmanın evrenini Samsun ili Ayvacık ilçesinde 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır (N=301). Çalışma verileri 20.07.2023-15.08.2023 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında, kişisel bilgi formu, e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği ve siberkondri ciddiyeti ölçeği kısa formu (CCS-12) kullanıldı. Çalışma sonucunda 223 anket formu analize tabi tutuldu.
Bulgular: Çalışmada katılımcıların %56.1’i kadın, %65.0’ı 30-39 yaş aralığında ve %48.0’ı 1-9 yıl aralığında çalışmaktadır. e- sağlık okuryazarlığı ortalama puanı 3.69±0.80, siberkondri ciddiyeti ortalama puanı 32.08±7.98’dir. Çalışmada hem e- sağlık okuryazarlığı hem de siberkondri ciddiyetinde yaş ve medeni durum arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edildi. Ayrıca E- sağlık okuryazarlığı ile siberkondri ciddiyeti arasında pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyde bir ilişki belirlendi (p
Evaluasi Respons Hukum Humaniter Internasional terhadap Perang Siber
Authors: Aristyawati Dhita Evany , Uyun Rohmatun , Nugroho Adelia Zahra
Published: December 2024

Cyberwarfare is a form of warfare that cannot be explicitly addressed by existing international law. While most experts agree that legal restrictions must apply to this phenomenon, However, the international community has not been able to reach a consensus on how international humanitarian law (IHL) can be adapted. After outlining several cyber conflicts, this article argues that this issue is still unresolved academically. We use descriptive research methods to look for adequate and sufficient descriptions of processes, objects, activities, and people. Some parts of the Hague Convention and the Geneva Convention may indeed be relevant to cyber warfare, but their specific relevance cannot respond to this phenomenon. This is confirmed by the emergence of the virtual world, which is more recent when compared to the birth of the instrument. Many cyberattacks unavoidably result in losses for the parties, making these breaches more likely in cyber conflicts than in conventional wars. States have strong incentives to engage in cyberattacks, despite the risk of being accused of war crimes. With this in mind, this article also argues that IHL should evolve to encourage the creation of a legal umbrella against cyber warfare in some situations and provide better guidance for states in carrying out these types of attacks.
(Im)Possibility of Resocialization and Punishment
Authors:   Deputy Ombudsman, Republic of Serbia, Tanjević Nataša
Published: December 2024

Experts dealing with penology and criminology agree that in order to achieve the purpose of punishment, it is not enough to simply deprive the perpetrators of their freedom and imprison them, but also that rehabilitation procedures are necessary, which greatly influence the desired change in behavior, the reduction of recidivism and the reintegration of prisoners into society. This points to the fact that the treatment of prisoners actually represents the most important segment of the execution of the prison sentence and that the priority in the entire execution of criminal sanctions must be resocialization. What is really happening in terms of the treatment of prisoners, why the recidivism rate of the prisoner population in our country has been worryingly high for decades, what are the real situation, problems and challenges in the process of resocialization of prisoners and their reintegration into the social community, these are the questions that we will address in work to try to give answers. The failure of resocialization is the result of numerous factors, from inadequate re-educational treatment, through the influence of the informal prison system, the state of society, to inadequate post-penal acceptance. Therefore, the common goal of all competent authorities should be an effort to find and implement the most adequate programs of action and measures, whereby it is necessary to provide personnel, material and other resources that are necessary for the most successful resocialization of prisoners and their easier reintegration into the social environment. At the same time, this way actively contributes to the prevention of crime.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Mocaf Flour and Rice Flour-Based Gluten-Free Cookies
Authors:   Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan & Department of Agricultural Product Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145 Indonesia, Khoirunnida Fatma Laili , Harijono Harijono ,   Department of Agricultural Product Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145 Indonesia, Hu Shao-Yang ,   Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan, Lin Jenshinn ,   Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of mocaf flour (modified cassava flour) concentration and baking temperature on the surface structure, color, moisture content, and hardness of gluten-free cookies. Cookies were prepared using mocaf flour and rice flour, with mocaf concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%, and baking temperatures of 150°C, 160°C, and 170°C. The results demonstrated that higher mocaf flour concentrations and increased baking temperatures significantly influenced the cookies’ physical properties. Higher mocaf concentrations and baking temperatures resulted in greater hardness values and lower moisture content. Specifically, cookies with 50% mocaf flour baked at 170°C exhibited the highest hardness (3.08 kgf) and the lowest moisture content (4.53%). Color analysis revealed that lightness (L*) decreased as both mocaf concentration and baking temperature increased, while redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values rose, indicating darker cookies due to the Maillard reaction and caramelization. Additionally, the surface analysis showed that the inclusion of mocaf flour contributed to a rougher texture compared to the smoother surface of control cookies. These findings suggest that mocaf flour is a promising alternative to wheat flour in gluten-free cookie formulations, providing enhanced shelf stability, distinct textural characteristics, and appealing color properties. Future studies could optimize mocaf flour usage to improve product quality while addressing consumer preferences for gluten-free baked goods.
Implementation of Improving the Quality of Education in Elementary Schools through Transformational Leadership
Authors:   Lecturers of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Susanto Teguh Trianung Djoko , Sari Eliana ,   Lecturers of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Febriana Amelia ,   Students of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Amandha Mayzita Dwi ,   Students of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Milala Reja Ribertin ,   Students of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Syupriadin Syupriadin ,   Students of Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to identify the role of transformational leadership, explain how the implementation of transformational leadership by elementary school leaders can contribute to the improvement of education quality, and provide practical guidelines for school principals and teachers in implementing more effective and sustainable educational quality enhancement policies. The methodology employed in this research is a literature review, which involves systematically collecting, reading, and analyzing data to critically understand how educational quality improvement is implemented in elementary schools through transformational leadership. Transformational leadership has emerged as a vital option for advancing education in Indonesia, particularly in elementary education. Understanding its concepts, strategies, implementation, supporting factors, and impacts is essential. The analysis revealed that transformational leadership plays a significant role in creating a supportive learning environment that motivates and empowers all stakeholders, including teachers and students. Out of ten reviewed articles, only three were relevant to the topic, while seven were excluded for not directly addressing transformational leadership.
Innovation in Continuous Education Quality Management through Participatory Leadership
Authors:   Lecturers at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta Indonesia, Susanto Teguh Trianung Djoko , Sari Eliana ,   Lecturers at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta Indonesia, Tsabita Afnan Iliya ,   Magister Program Student at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Majiid Mushthofa Abdul ,   Magister Program Student at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Fajrina Syifa ,   Magister Program Student at Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Published: December 2024

The important thing that can affect the quality of an education is in leadership and management quality. The presence of an educational institution will be carried out optimally if it has effective leadership and management quality. In the quality of education, leadership has a very important role and is a stakeholder. In this ever-evolving era, a participatory leadership approach has emerged that in terms of decision-making or the implementation of educational programs, it always involves team members. This can affect increasing teacher motivation and engagement, improving the quality of teaching, and creating a thorough and effective learning environment. This research approach involves collecting and analyzing information from various literary sources such as books, journal articles, theses, and other documents. This method is carried out in order to gain a deep understanding of a topic or problem without collecting data directly from the field, but analyzing it through reading. Participatory leadership can influence sustainable innovation by creating an environment that supports creativity and member engagement, so members feel encouraged to come up with new ideas that have the potential to produce innovation. This participatory leadership approach can increase the spirit, courage, and sense of family in the organization which can help the organization maintain excellence in a sustainable manner through new innovations. To support the course of education in this era of rapid technological development, it is necessary to have a leadership role that has a participatory style, namely leaders who collaborate with their members for decisionmaking, problem-solving, providing input, and also sharing ideas. That way, members feel more appreciated and motivated in carrying out their goals, which is to continue to innovate sustainably in education.
The Impact of Education level on MSE’S Financial Performance: A South African Perspective
Authors:   Department of Business Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, Msuthwana VM
Published: December 2024

An analysis of existing finance literature indicates that demographic factors such as education level are possibly among the main determinants of SME
owner-managers’ financial literacy which may affect business financial performance. Therefore, an analysis of the level of education of the owner-manager
would most likely give an indication of whether increasing education level results in the increase of financial performance of SMEs. Findings of the study
reveals that there is a positive relationship between education level of owner-managers and their financial literacy, and ultimately the financial performance
of their SMEs.
Cross-Platform Innovation: The Rise and Impact of Flutter in Modern App Development
Authors: Arjun Santhosh  , Anu Tiji  , Anuraj T R  , Naithan Thomas  , Aswathy Anoop  , Tintu Varghese
Published: December 2024

In an era where smartphones have become commonplace and everyone seems to own one, the question that most of the businesses state is: how do we make amazing apps, with little money and not so much hassle. This paper investigates flutter about which is Google’s solution for this development problem. With practice-based instances as well as contextual understanding, we demonstrate how developers have utilized Flutter to build amazing apps for iOS, Android Phones and even desktop computers – all with a single code base. Our study moves past the standard technical accolades and considers the impact of Flutter on the structure of projects: how it is revolutionizing inter-team cooperation, its greatest attributes, and sometimes, its biggest weaknesses. From the scope of the startups that have been successful to the larger enterprises that have adopted, we examine what is and what is not appealing about Flutter and why some developers find Hot Reload advantageous while others find the learning with Dart problematic. Based on actual developer stories and existing dynamics in the market, we provide quite an agreeable viewpoint on what Flutter means for the future of application development, especially in the context of shifting mobile trends. In case you are a developer or a business decision maker assessing the options in technology, this paper tries to deal with realistic issues relevant to the place of Flutter and its solutions in the app development.
The Mindful Matrix: Exploring Social Media's Influence on Mental Wellbeing
Authors: Joseph Mathai Pathil  , Farhath Kabeer  , Aleesha Anas  , Vrindhamol TB  , Binny S
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the relationship between social media use and mental well-being through its dual impact on emotional health. Although social media connects the world, it also is often associated with feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. In this paper, the intent is to explore these effects with a review of existing literature and empirical data. The study employs surveys and secondary data analysis to identify correlations between social media usage patterns and mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, distorted self-image, sleep disturbances, and reduced attention span. Results indicate that excessive social media exposure intensifies negative psychological impacts, particularly among younger users, exacerbating feelings of isolation. The results point out that mindful engagement strategies, such as moderated usage, critical content evaluation, and fostering of relationships with people offline, should promote accountability from the platforms. Such research would call for interventions and policy development to create a balanced approach to digital connectivity, reducing its adverse impacts while maintaining its benefits.
L’autre Siècle chrétien
Authors: Berger Philippe
Published: December 2024

Cet article met en lumière le rôle du protestantisme au sein du XVIIe siècle japonais, de 1600 à 1660. Loin d’être relégué au second plan, il contribue en effet à y structurer les conflits entre les marchands réformés (Hollandais ou Anglais) et les marchands missionnaires catholiques (essentiellement Espagnols et Portugais), ainsi que les rapports des autorités à ces deux groupes. L’article puise notamment dans les témoignages écrits pour démontrer que la foi compte beaucoup pour les marchands réformés, dans leur perception d’eux-mêmes et leur représentation aux autres, et qu’ils cherchent à en donner des définitions qui passent en particulier par une distinction d’avec les catholiques. Pour donner à apprécier la richesse et la diversité des formes que ces définitions prennent, l’article se propose de suivre trois biais par lesquels elles se manifestent ; en commençant par la moins directe (image), puis se rapprochant des individus (discours), jusqu’à leurs corps eux-mêmes (action).
Approach on Building Envelope-Isolation from Water Reinforcements and Their Sustainability in Traditional Residential Architecture
Authors: Çakıroğlu Birgül , Akat Reyhan
Published: December 2024

Roof and roofings built to protect the housing and homeowner from undesirable rainwater, have been seen an important structural element throughout history in the entire of housing. In this research, structural and spatial relationships between building envelope with isolation from water in traditional housing architecture are analyzed. Roof, eaves and rain gutters which are isolation from water items were investigated according to shapes, slope direction, materials, carrier systems and covering materials. The qualification of the roofing, eave and rain gutter elements which are equipment elements related to the comfort of the building envelope and the extent of changes in these elements were examined at the traditional housing level. Exemplary, the traditional housing in the city of Trabzon in Turkey were selected. During the completion process of the working, detailed aims related to structure-health reinforcements were specified with the relevant literature review. The chart form has been developed for compilation of information about the general characteristics of the housing in the research area and the building-health reinforcements within the aim of the research. Exemplary houses were selected by external observation technique and the data obtained as a result of observations, interview and determinations related to general characteristics and building-health reinforcements of these housing were handled into a chart form. By evaluating the data obtained; harmony and contrasts in system level practices, the dimensional properties of the elements at the spatial level, the greatness and accuracy levels preferred in various fittings, the harmony and contrasts in the materials, dimensions and practices of the elements at the system and spatial level, harmony and contrasts of applications of new opportunities at the level of building-health reinforcements in traditional housing, conclusions were drawn to identify special and general situations at the level of building-health reinforcements and to obtain information about the comfort requirements of traditional housing. Nowadays, where the health of the building, which is mostly ignored, is gaining importance day by day, concrete and applicable solution data are presented and interpreted for new designs to be made in this direction.
KESEIMBANGAN DAN KEADILAN EKONOMI ERA SOCIETY 5.0 PADA PERSPEKTIF MAQASID SYARIAH
Authors: Lusiana Lusiana
Published: December 2024

The Society 5.0 era presents both challenges and opportunities that are crucial in the study of technological advancements, offering the potential for increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation across various economic sectors. However, this smart technology can also create economic disparities, including access to and the ability to use technology, as well as economic balance related to distribution and income. This research also adopts a Sharia-based perspective as its conceptual framework. This paper will analyze the challenges and opportunities in achieving economic balance and justice in the Society 5.0 era, identifying strategies, policies, and implementations to create a fair and sustainable economic system in this digital transformation era. The methods used include literature studies, conceptual analysis, and case studies related to the application of Sharia principles in the context of the Society 5.0 economy. The results of this research show that economic balance refers to a condition where various elements in the economic field are in a state of equilibrium and harmony. This includes balance in supply and demand, balance in inflation and deflation, and income balance. Economic justice encompasses distributive justice, procedural justice, and compensatory justice. Economic balance and justice are essential goals to achieve stability, prosperity, and social welfare in a society.
REKONSTRUKSI DAN ADAPTABILITAS TEORI PERTINGKATAN NORMA DALAM IJTIHAD PENEMUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Subky A Tajus , Abubakar Syukri , Zahra Arlisa Siti
Published: December 2024

This research seeks to examine in depth the deepening and reconstruction of the theoretical concepts of norm development and legal discovery. This research will use a qualitative research method with a type of literature study that analyzes pre-existing theories, concepts and phenomena. The results of the research can be formulated as follows: first, Islamic law has a structure of levels of legal norms, but the validity of Islamic legal norms (syar'i law) is not formal validity which is determined by a higher norm underlying the creation of these norms, as is the theory of the formal validity of legal norms. Second, there are three hierarchical levels of basic norms in Islamic law 1). al-mabadi' al-asasiyyah/al-qiyam al-asasiyyah (basic principles of Islamic law/basic values of Islamic law), 2). al-usul al-kulliyyah (general principles/general principles of Islamic law), 3). al-ahkam al-far'iyyah /al-furu’ (detailed/concrete legal provisions). Third, the existence of a theory of increasing norms in Islamic law can answer the problems of Islamic law which are not only seen in taklifi and wad'i law which are concrete sharia law, but must be seen from the perspective of general principles of law and universal principles so that it can answer the problems of all people.
Giant Botryoid Fibroepithelial Polyp of the Bladder in a 6-YearOld Girl
Authors: Azhar Azzahra , Che Jalil Nur Asyilla , Kamaludin Zaleha , Ilias Mohamad Ikram , Mohamed Daud Mohamed Ashraf , Samsudin Ahmad Hadif Zaidin , Abdul Rohim Rabiatul Adawiyah
Published: December 2024

Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) of the urinary tract are a rare benign tumour in the bladder. It arises from mesoderm and is mostly found in the ureter and ureteropelvic region. The authors report a case of a six-year-old girl with no history of urogenital abnormality who presented with haematuria and suprapubic pain. Ultrasound and computed tomography showed a large multilobulated mass in the urinary bladder. The resected specimen exhibited a bulbous mass with a botryoid surface. Microscopically, the polypoidal lesion is covered by reactive transitional epithelium with the presence of cystitis cystica et glandularis with scattered spindle cells; fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. By excluding all the differential diagnoses according to histomorphology and immunostain findings, diagnosis of Giant Botyroid FEP is made. This paper also discussed the differential diagnosis for FEP.
Solar Based Electric Vehicle Charging System-Review
Authors: Santoshi V Khedekar  , Asmita M Kawade  , Shradhha Shivaji Vyavahare  , Pranita J Kashid  , Chounde Amol B  , Suhas B Khadake  , H. M. Mallad
Published: December 2024

In today’s world there are more outcomes in environmental change due to the overutilization of petroleum products in this manner prompting a genuine effect on the climate. So there is a need for a substitute answer for lessen the consumption of such non – sustainable assets. One such exertion made in the field of Freeways is the advancement of "Solar Freeways" which can be an elective arrangement.
Sun oriented streets consolidate various arrangements in one – it can assist us with improving the creation of power utilizing sun based boards, to give a computerized stage to our future country's ventures like Smart Cities, and to work with the arising electric vehicles that supplant the petroleum driven vehicles and substantially more.
Motivated by the fact that there are numerous amount of clean and sustainable energy we receive from roadways, the following study puts forward some of the event and application of an innovative charging method for the renewable energy driven electric cars, buses by using the roadway and also implementation of revolutionary nanotechnology along with the latest best in the house power electronics and power system analysis tools.
Nanoparticle As A Novel Drug Dilivery System: A Review
Authors: Mr. Sham Jeevan Salve  , Asst. Prof. Dhanashree Chivte
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology is the science that deals with matter at the scale of 1 billionth of a meter and is also the study of manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. Recently particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the quality of human life. The potential use of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers for a wide range of drugs for therapeutic applications has been increased due to their versatility and wide range of properties Different types of nanoparticulate material used in electronic, magnetic pharmaceutical, cosmetics, energy, catalytic and material industries. In this review the systhesis method of nanoparticals and their applications has been discussed..