bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robustness analysis and training of recurrent neural networks using dissipativity theory
Authors: Pauli Patricia , Berberich Julian , Allgöwer Frank
Published: August 2022

Neural networks are widely applied in control applications, yet providing safety guarantees for neural networks is challenging due to their highly nonlinear nature. We provide a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using robust control and dissipativity theory. Specifically, we consider

H

2

{\mathcal{H}_{2}}

-performance and the

ℓ

2

{\ell _{2}}

-gain to quantify the robustness of dynamic RNNs with respect to input perturbations. First, we analyze the robustness of RNNs using the proposed robustness certificates and then, we present linear matrix inequality constraints to be used in training of RNNs to enforce robustness. Finally, we illustrate in a numerical example that the proposed approach enhances the robustness of RNNs.
Liability for Competition Restrictions: EU Law Developments
Authors: Havu Katri
Published: August 2022

This article concerns recent developments in the field of liability claims for infringements of EU competition law. After overviewing topical matters, this contribution focuses on the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the continuing relevance of its case law to several basic questions that arise in damages cases. The evolving interpretation of primary law, and what is required to ensure its full effectiveness, still occupies a central position in the private enforcement of EU competition law. Moreover, principles such as effectiveness and equivalence constrain the discretion of Member States to lay out and apply supplementary remedial and procedural rules. The foregoing implies that, despite the apparent legislative harmonisation of damages claims in the EU, litigants and national courts should follow developments in the case law.
Identification of a novel mutation in FGFR1 gene in mother and daughter with Kallmann syndrome
Authors: García-García Emilio , Fernández Raquel M. , Navarro-Moreno Constanza , Gómez-Gila Ana L. , Borrego Salud
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism combined with anosmia or hyposmia is considered Kallmann syndrome (KS). It is often accompanied by bone defects.

Case presentation

Here, we report a girl and her mother with KS caused by a novel mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene (FGFR1). Interestingly, the daughter presented syndactyly and oligodactyly of the feet.

Conclusions

The presence of bone malformations in a KS patient should direct the geneticist towards a search for specific mutations in FGFR1. Our finding contributes to enrich the spectrum of FGFR1 mutations in patients with KS.
Nugget formation, microstructural features and strength of resistance spot welded cold-rolled dual-phase steel lap joints for automotive applications
Authors: Rajarajan Chakkaravarthi , Sivaraj Paramasivam , Sonar Tushar , Raja Selvaraj , Mathiazhagan Nallusamy
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this research paper is to investigate the nugget formation, microstructure and strength performance of DP 800 steel joints developed using resistance spot welding (RSW) process for automotive application. The influence of RSW parameters on nugget formation was studied using one variable at a time approach. The RSW joint showing optimum nugget area was further characterized for microstructural features and strength performance. The microstructural features of nugget were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lap tensile shear fractured specimens were analyzed using SEM for optimized condition. The microstructural features were correlated to the tensile shear strength and hardness of RSW joints. Results showed that welding current significantly influences the nugget formation than electrode force and welding time. The DP 800 RSW joints made using a welding current of 5.5 kA, an electrode pressure of 4.0 MPa and a welding time of 2.0 s disclosed defect free weld nugget of 7.28 mm diameter. It showed a higher tensile shear strength of 20 kN and microhardness of 564 HV thereby satisfying the requirement of automotive applications.
Theory of strong coupling between molecules and surface plasmons on a grating
Authors: Rider Marie S. , Arul Rakesh , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Barnes William L.
Published: August 2022

The strong coupling of molecules with surface plasmons results in hybrid states which are part molecule, part surface-bound light. Since molecular resonances may acquire the spatial coherence of plasmons, which have mm-scale propagation lengths, strong-coupling with molecular resonances potentially enables long-range molecular energy transfer. Gratings are often used to couple incident light to surface plasmons, by scattering the otherwise non-radiative surface plasmon inside the light-line. We calculate the dispersion relation for surface plasmons strongly coupled to molecular resonances when grating scattering is involved. By treating the molecules as independent oscillators rather than the more typically considered single collective dipole, we find the full multi-band dispersion relation. This approach offers a natural way to include the dark states in the dispersion. We demonstrate that for a molecular resonance tuned near the crossing point of forward and backward grating-scattered plasmon modes, the interaction between plasmons and molecules gives a five-band dispersion relation, including a bright state not captured in calculations using a single collective dipole. We also show that the role of the grating in breaking the translational invariance of the system appears in the position-dependent coupling between the molecules and the surface plasmon. The presence of the grating is thus not only important for the experimental observation of molecule-surface-plasmon coupling, but also provides an additional design parameter that tunes the system.
Conservative and Adaptive Reuse Interventions in Qatar
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: August 2022

In the past decades, many Gulf cities have faced accelerated growth that has generated complicated problems of urbanization. Some Arab cities have transformed massive urban development into new global cities despite their relatively short history. Contrasting the direction of the rapid urbanization, there is a growing interest in the conservation and rehabilitation of the local heritage, which has generated a perpetual conflict between the construction of contemporary identity and the promotion of traditional architecture. The new emerging Arab cities, in the struggle for the construction of their new architectural identity, showed a growing interest in the action needed to preserve architectural heritage. The number of conservation projects has increased recognition of the local traditions in construction, rejuvenating the historical value of the Qatari heritage. This paper shows significant examples of conservation and adaptive reuse projects recently completed in Qatar. The intention is to describe several conservation interventions, compare the proposals for reusing the restored artifacts, and compare the preservation methodologies and techniques within the historical, political, and social forces that inform preservation practices. The research presents a possible methodology for classifying the proposals offering a new approach for comparing the interventions that could be applied to other adaptive reuse projects.
Kinship, Factions and Survival in Pakistani Politics
Authors: Lyon Stephen M. , Ashraf Hassan Sohaila
Published: August 2022

Pakistan’s political volatility is well known and oft cited as a cause for concern both regionally and internationally. The state is accused of adopting duplicitous tactics and fostering violent paramilitary organizations in its efforts to undermine Indian hegemony and internal opposition. From the outside, the persistent functioning of the state can sometimes appear to be a mystery. Managing chronic conflicting adversarial relations over a sustained period of time demands particular social and political tools that must be resilient while ensuring robust reproduction of particular types of shared interests. Such social and political tools are diverse and operate to generate both stability and instability in state political institutions. The political networks of individuals and groups that actively seek to control and manipulate state institutions are formed through different types of relationship, but one of the most publicly visible is marriage. Marriage networks offer opportunities for indirect alliances through children, siblings and other kin members in ways that need not threaten ideologically rooted affiliations, such as those created through shared political party membership. In this working paper, we focus on the communicative potential of such marriage networks through comparing village networks of landowners and the families who engage actively in electoral politics in Punjab, Pakistan. Although these findings are based on more than two decades of research carried out in rural and urban Pakistan, they remain partial, because Pakistani politics is anything but tidy or simply. Nevertheless, any attempt to analyze Pakistani politics that neglects the impact of the complex personal relationship networks is unlikely to satisfactorily explain or even describe the current political situation of the country.
Intervals in Relief
Authors: Peng Hsin-Yuan
Published: August 2022

From the late 1920s to the early 1940s, meteorologist Abe Masanao (1891–1966) used time-lapse and stereoscopy to study clouds near Mount Fuji. Abe’s research connects cinema, clouds, and the stereoscope in a circuit of mediation, both literal and metaphorical. Analyzing Abe’s image-making practices alongside his discussion of tricks and magic, this case study proposes that meteorological visualization is an art of forgery.
Synergistic prostaglandin E synthesis by myeloid and endothelial cells promotes fetal hematopoietic stem cell expansion in vertebrates
Authors: Cacialli Pietro , Mailhe Marie‐Pierre , Wagner Ingrid , Merkler Doron , Golub Rachel , Bertrand Julien Y
Published: August 2022

During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from the hemogenic endothelium and will expand in a transient hematopoietic niche. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is essential during vertebrate development and HSC specification, but its precise source in the embryo remains elusive. Here, we show that in the zebrafish embryo, PGE2 synthesis genes are expressed by distinct stromal cell populations, myeloid (neutrophils, macrophages), and endothelial cells of the caudal hematopoietic tissue. Ablation of myeloid cells, which produce the PGE2 precursor prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), results in loss of HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue, which could be rescued by exogeneous PGE2 or PGH2 supplementation. Endothelial cells contribute by expressing the PGH2 import transporter slco2b1 and ptges3, the enzyme converting PGH2 into PGE2. Of note, differential niche cell expression of PGE2 biosynthesis enzymes is also observed in the mouse fetal liver. Taken altogether, our data suggest that the triad composed of neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells sequentially and synergistically contributes to blood stem cell expansion during vertebrate development.
Toothpaste Gel Preparation from Composite of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Green Betel Leaf (Piper Batle L.) Extract
Authors: Annisa Yossy Nur , Cahyaningrum Sari Edi
Published: August 2022

The use of toothpaste aims to reduce plaque and remineralize tooth enamel as a result of the reduction caused by the activity of oral bacteria. Toothpaste is generally added with antibiotics to treat bacterial caries, but the addition of calcium remineralization compounds to teeth is rarely found so the development of toothpaste with three ingredients, namely hydroxyapatite as an ingredient for remineralization, chitosan, and green betel leaf extract as an antibiotic. The purpose of this study was to manufacture a toothpaste gel formula from the hydroxyapatite-chitosan-green betel leaf extract composite and to determine the physical and chemical properties of each formula. This research is a laboratory experimental research. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the variation of green betel leaf extract affected the color, texture, and aroma of each formula. The homogeneity test showed the homogeneity of the third formula. The third formula has good dispersion between 5-7 cm and good adhesion, which is more than 1 second. The pH test shows that the results of formula one (F1) and formula two (F2) meet the pH range according to SNI (12-3524- 1995) which is 4.5-10 while formula three (F3) is far below it.
Determination of Calcium Levels with XRF and Literature Review of its Bioavailability in Vitro of Dahlia Tubers Syrop (Dahlia Pinnata Cav.)
Authors: Ningsih Gia Rahayu , Sanjaya I Gusti Made
Published: August 2022

Calcium bioavailability (Ca) states the ratio of available calcium to the amount of calcium consumed during metabolic processes. The bioavailability of Ca is calculated by the difference between the amount of Ca in the consumed food product and the excreted feces. In this research, calcium can be obtained from dahlia tuber syrup (Dahlia pinnata Cav.). The purpose of this study was to discuss the determination of Ca levels and a literature review of the Ca bioavailability of dahlia tuber syrup (Dahlia pinnata Cav.) in vitro. The content of Ca in dahlia tubers was determined experimentally using an XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) instrument. The bioavailability of Ca was determined by predicting the ratio of inulin and Ca content. The results showed that the Ca content of dahlia tuber syrup was 197,57 ppm. The bioavailability of Ca in dahlia tuber syrup in vitro was predicted from a relatively high ratio of inulin content of around 65-86% and FOS levels from hydrolysis of 5% dahlia tuber inulin about 15,41-29,38% or an average of 22,395%, on Ca levels is 81,46-85,33%. The results of the study on the bioavailability of Ca in dahlia tuber syrup (Dahlia pinnata Cav.) have a fairly high level. The high bioavailability of Ca can increase calcium absorption in the body and have health effects, among others, for heart and bone health.
Medial unicompartmental knee replacement is a viable treatment option after failed high tibial osteotomy: a systematic review
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Parente Andrea , Parente Franco , Ventura Alberto
Published: August 2022

Purpose

It is debatable whether or not previous high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has negative effects on the results of subsequent medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). The purpose of this study is to report, through a systematic review of the literature, the outcomes of medial UKR after failed HTO. It was hypothesized that this procedure would be safe and effective in providing satisfactory postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods

A systematic review was performed by searching Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Only studies in English pertaining to all levels of evidence reporting on subjects undergoing UKR following HTO were considered. Review articles and expert opinion or editorial pieces were excluded. Outcomes of interest included indications, surgical technique and associated procedures, type of prosthesis, clinical and functional outcomes, rate of complications, revision surgery and failure rate.

Results

Overall, six studies met all the inclusion criteria for this review. All were published between 2006 and 2021. The search resulted in one prospective comparative study, four retrospective comparative cohort studies, and one retrospective cohort study. Average follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 13 years. From these studies, 115 patients (117 knees) were identified. Overall, most studies reported satisfying postoperative clinical and functional outcomes. Implant survivorship ranged from 66 to 97.6%. In 15 patients, revision surgery was performed due to persistent pain.

Conclusions

Medial UKR performed after failed HTO appears as a feasible procedure providing satisfying outcomes and limited complications in most cases. Further prospective comparative studies reporting long-term outcomes are needed, as high-level studies on this topic are lacking.
Leibniz
Authors: Heleno José Manuel
Published: August 2022

De acordo com Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz para compreender as substâncias individuais devemos distanciar-nos e ver a totalidade. De facto, é preciso ver o quadro à distância conveniente para compreender a perfeição da totalidade e da singularidade. A possível saída do labirinto no qual a metafísica nos enredou, estimula o desejo de conhecer tudo e a certeza de que não há duas substâncias iguais. Totalidade e diferença; máxima totalidade e diferença máxima.
Eficacia de herbicidas posemergentes sobre Oryza latifolia Desv. (arroz pato) y selectividad al arroz Palmar 18
Authors: Picado-Arroyo Grettel , Herrera-Murillo Franklin
Published: August 2022

Introducción. Oryza latifolia Desv. es una maleza problemática en plantaciones de arroz, dada la competencia que ejerce y la limitada disponibilidad de herbicidas para su control, que sean selectivos a variedades de arroz convencional. Objetivo. Identificar herbicidas posemergentes eficaces contra O. latifolia y selectivos a la variedad de arroz Palmar 18 (Oryza sativa L.). Materiales y métodos. De abril a noviembre del 2019 en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica, se realizaron dos experimentos en macetas bajo condiciones de invernadero; en el primero se evaluaron los herbicidas fenoxaprop-p-etil 50, 70, 90 g i.a. ha-1, setoxidim 125, 225, 325 g i.a. ha-1 y profoxidim 150, 200, 250 g i.a. ha-1, aplicados sobre plantas de O. latifolia de dos a tres hojas. Se utilizó un diseño experimental irrestricto al azar con diez tratamientos (se incluyó un testigo sin herbicida) y cinco repeticiones. En el segundo experimento, se evaluó la selectividad de fenoxaprop-p-etil 50 g i.a. ha-1, setoxidim 125 g i.a. ha-1 y profoxidim 150 g i.a. ha-1, a la variedad convencional Palmar 18 en 2-3 y 4-5 hojas. Se utilizó un diseño irrestricto al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres herbicidas y dos estados de desarrollo), dos testigos sin herbicidas y seis repeticiones. Resultados. Todos los herbicidas en las dosis evaluadas controlaron entre 96 y 100 % a O. latifolia. Los herbicidas profoxidim y setoxidim mostraron ser selectivos al arroz Palmar 18, bajo las condiciones en que se realizó la investigación, no así el fenoxaprop-p-etil que causó daños severos en las plantas de arroz Palmar 18. Conclusión. Profoxidim 150 g i.a. ha-1 y setoxidim 125 g i.a. ha-1 fueron eficaces contra O. latifolia y solo causaron daños leves temporales a la variedad de arroz Palmar 18.
On the Offensive: Prejudice in Language Past and Present By Karen Stollznow (2020)
Authors: Maslen Robert
Published: August 2022

On the Offensive: Prejudice in Language Past and Present By Karen Stollznow (2020) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 316 pp.
Old patients in mental health research
Authors: Tommaso Laura
Published: August 2022

The present study takes a diachronic corpus-assisted discourse studies approach (Partington et al. 2013) to examine the representation of mentally-ill elderly patients in medical research articles, in the fields of psychology and psychiatry, published between 1950 and 2019. Despite evidence of the expanding scope of mental health research in more recent years, nihilistic views about mental health assessment and intervention underpin the discourse around mentally-ill older adults across the time span under consideration. In the literature, ageing is variously constructed as a process leading to deprivation, resignation and physical decay, increasing the chances of the onset of mental illnesses. The perpetuation of these discourses, which confirm and propagate discriminatory age-bias positioning on the part of medical researchers, specialists and the health community at large, may constitute a significant obstacle to an improvement in the quality of mental and physical health care provided for the older population, both currently, and without substantial intervention, for the foreseeable future. Overall, it is hoped that this article has not only made a valuable contribution to the understanding of ageing from a historical discourse analysis perspective, but may be of interest to mental health scholars and professionals alike inspiring them to question their knowledge and practices about and for older patients.
VENDAS VIRTUAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENFRENTAMENTO AOS IMPACTOS DA COVID-19: A EXPERIÊNCIA DA FEIRARTE POTIGUAR DE ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA
Authors: Silva Edna Morais da , Oliveira Jennifer Cruz de , Lourenço Maria Clara Martins , Momo Denise Cristina , Silva Suzana Melissa de Moura Mafra da
Published: August 2022

O contexto de pandemia provocada pela COVID-19 imprimiu em todo o mundo a necessidade de adaptação à realidade de distanciamento social e interrupção ou readequação de diversas atividades econômicas, o que gerou impactos de diferentes naturezas em diversas organizações. Neste contexto encontra-se a Feirarte Potiguar de Economia Solidária, coletivo formado por 20 empreendimentos econômicos solidários que produzem e comercializam artesanato e que, na realidade de pandemia, viram a necessidade de adaptação da comercialização para o ambiente virtual, o que realizaram por meio da criação de uma loja virtual. Esta pesquisa visa sistematizar a experiência de criação e implementação da loja virtual da Feirarte Potiguar de Economia Solidária no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas e grupos focais com representantes de 12 grupos que compõem o coletivo. Os dados coletados foram sistematizados e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para a superação de limitações no uso das ferramentas virtuais; a criação da loja virtual como avanço no processo autogestionários; e a valorização da importância da assessoria técnica das instituições públicas que apoiam o empreendimento, tais como IFRN, UFRN e SETHAS/RN.
Música: um estudo físico matemático sobre o som através da série de Fourier e do núcleo de Fejér com o uso de ferramentas espectrais
Authors: Viola Olavo , Piovesan Erick
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo aborda a história do desenvolvimento da teoria musical sob um olhar físico e matemático das propriedades do som por meio do software Spectrum Lab. O programa de análise espectral de livre acesso é uma ferramenta a qual permite a visualização da formação das sequências harmônicas e dos harmônicos que compõem um sinal sonoro. O trabalho propõe o uso dessa ferramenta no ensino de Música e Física para a verificação da formação de séries harmônicas produzidas por cordas vibrantes, partindo da investigação teórica das funções periódicas, da série de Fourier e da formação de harmônicos pelo núcleo de Fejér.
X-Ray Computed Tomography for Failure Mechanism Characterisation within Layered Pouch Cells: Part I
Authors: Patel Drasti , Reid Hamish , Ball Sarah , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R.
Published: August 2022

The assessment of lithium-ion battery (LIB) safety is a multiscale challenge: from the whole-cell architecture to its composite internal three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Substantial research is required to standardise failure assessments and optimise cell designs to reduce the risks of LIB failure. In this two-part work, the failure response of a 1 Ah layered pouch cell with a commercially available nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode and graphite anode at 100% state of charge (SOC) (4.2 V) is investigated. The mechanisms of two abuse methods: mechanical (by nail penetration) and thermal (by accelerating rate calorimetry) are compared by using a suite of post-mortem analysis methods.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PEDAGOGY: CRITICAL APPROACHES TO STUDY ABROAD DESIGN AND DELIVERY
Authors: Taylor Leonard D. , Dechert Ed
Published: August 2022

Scholars have realized the need for instructors, especially those with dominant/privileged identities, to interrogate their worldviews, perspectives, and power relations before facilitating educational experiences. This is especially relevant for practices such as study abroad which, although brimming with transformative potential, can also serve as a venue to reproduce and reify dominant and
oppressive norms and ideologies. Through this qualitative case study of a technical writing course held in Germany and designed using critical pedagogy, we explored the ways that US engineering students made sense of home, host, and disciplinary cultures while abroad and the aspects of pedagogy that contributed to their engagement. Through our analysis we identified three kinds of reflection
characteristic of engineering students' engagement and sensemaking: early cultural reflections, cultural synthesis, integrative reflections, and disciplinary cultural reflections. We also identified the deliberate pedagogical choices authors made to stimulate students' reflections and subsequent negotiations. Overall, insights from this study can provide pedagogical guidance to those designing and leading study abroad programs, ensuring they provide an experience that makes space for all students to have equitable outcomes and experiences. The insights from this study are also illustrative of the utility of qualitative case study approaches in assessing or researching study abroad trips or programs.
Amorphous adsorbent from geothermal solid waste for methylene blue removal
Authors: Philia John , Widayat Widayat , Sulardjaka Sulardjaka
Published: August 2022

Organic compounds such as dyes and heavy metal ions are common pollutants in waste water that have become a global problem. Adsorption has proven to be a successful technique in removing organic species such as methylene blue (MB). Geothermal solid waste has the potential to be used as an adsorbent due to its silica content. The silica compound in geothermal waste has the potential to be developed as porous material. Aluminium hydroxide and geothermal solid waste were added to the aqueous alkali (sodium hydroxide (NaOH)) in a continuous stirred-tank reactor, which resulted in an amorphous mesoporous material of the natrolite phase. The performance of the geoadsorbent was evaluated through the removal of various concentrations of MB, and isotherm adsorption models were used to evaluate the data. The adsorption mechanisms of MB removal by the geoadsorbent as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectra are electrostatic attraction and hydrogen-bond formation. The geoadsorbent can remove MB up to 84.449%, in which the adsorption is highly dependent on the initial concentration of MB. The Langmuir isotherm model provides the most accurate representation of MB adsorption as a result of the physical process, with a correlation coefficient of 0.971.
Investigation of mechanical and durability properties of sustainable high-strength concrete
Authors: Riaz Mamoon , Alam Zeshan , Zafar Tayyab , Javed Usman , Akhlaq Hanzlah
Published: August 2022

The surge in production of cement due to the rapid growth of the construction industry has an adverse effect on the environment globally caused by the huge amount of carbon dioxide emission. To produce an environment-friendly concrete, this study investigated the effective contribution of silica fume on the various mechanical and durability characteristics of high-strength concrete. In this regard, the incorporation of silica fume was carried out with progressive proportions of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight of cement constituting various concrete mixes – namely, CM, SF05, SF10, SF15, SF20, SF25 and SF30, respectively. The mechanical and durability properties of concrete improved with the incorporation of silica fume up to 15% replacement. However, excessive replacement of silica fume has an adverse effect on the mechanical and durability properties of cement due to the dilution effect on cement. Similarly, in terms of mechanical characteristics, the proposed 15% substitution of silica fume resulted in the highest compressive and flexural strengths with respect to those of CM. The maximum reduction in strength loss with respect to that of the control mix was 41.17 and 28.04% for sulfuric and hydrochloric acids due to the formation of a densified microstructure.
Case analysis of sudden cracking in buildings near a landfill pit in China
Authors: Zhang Qingwei , Xu Xiaoyong , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2022

The causes of cracks in a six-storey building are studied. Based on analyses of crack morphology, settlement observation and geological survey, it is determined that the landfill pit and uneven settlement are the main cause of cracks. The 20 July Zhengzhou rainstorm in China caused a sharp rise in groundwater level, so that the uneven settlement of the office building near the landfill pit intensified, and then, wall cracking followed. The interaction between buildings and landfill pits under different water levels is studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. As the water level rises, the horizontal displacement of soil in the landfill pit increases, and the lateral constraint of landfill soil to foundation soil decreases. The result is that the settlement of the column foundation near the landfill pits increases and the differential settlement intensifies. Based on the analysis results, the further development of differential settlement and cracks are evaluated and treatment suggestions are given.
On the mechanisms governing the response of pile groups under combined VHM loading
Authors: Sakellariadis Lampros , Anastasopoulos Ioannis
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an experimental, numerical and analytical study is conducted on a 2 × 1 bored pile group on saturated sand under combined loading. Initially, a single-degree-of-freedom system founded on the pile group is tested at the ETH Zurich drum centrifuge under vertical, lateral and pushover loading, gaining insights and deriving benchmark results for validation of finite-element (FE) models. The latter account for non-linear soil–pile interaction, using hypoplasticity for sand and appropriate modelling of interfaces and pile response. Combining centrifuge and FE modelling, the governing resistance mechanisms are identified and quantified. The transition from model to prototype scale is achieved after careful consideration of scale effects. The concrete damaged plasticity model is employed to model the non-linear response of the reinforced concrete (RC) piles, accounting for axial load dependency of bending moment capacity. The prototype problem is studied parametrically, deriving failure envelopes for different levels of vertical loading. Distinguishable failure modes are identified, and the contribution of different resistance mechanisms is quantified. Finally, analytical failure envelopes are derived based on limit equilibrium, expanding Broms’ theory to pile groups under combined loading. Accounting for the axial load dependency of RC bending moment capacity, the proposed closed-form solutions provide a useful design tool for engineering practice.
Surface/interface engineering of carbon-based catalysts for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis
Authors: Sang Zhiyuan , Hou Feng , Sun Ziqi , Liang Ji
Published: August 2022

The electrocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction reaction is an effective, safe and green approach to producing hydrogen peroxide, and ‘catalyst design’ for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide production has already been reported in various works. Specially, the modification of existing catalysts for two-electron oxygen reduction reaction through surface/interface engineering has huge potential to enhance further the catalytic performance of the catalysts. Moreover, a detailed overview on the research progress of carbon-based electrocatalysts through surface/interface engineering and their intrinsic reaction mechanism is helpful in realizing a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the latest progress in this field and further achieving highly efficient hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis. Herein, fundamental aspects of the 2e−/4e− pathways of the oxygen reduction reaction are first introduced. Subsequently, a comprehensive summary of the current strategies for carbon-based catalyst modification through surface/interface engineering for high selectivity and yield of hydrogen peroxide production is presented. Finally, the prospects and challenges of hydrogen peroxide production with high efficiency and yield rate are presented, which should shed light on the industrial production and application of hydrogen peroxide.
Potential use of treated sewage in concrete to meet water crises in megacities
Authors: Sahu Vaishali , Kumar Prashant
Published: August 2022

Water scarcity is one of the most important issues in countries that are water stressed. In India the dependency on groundwater increased between 2004 and 2013 and this has led to a decline in the water table in every state due to growing requirements. Acute water shortage and high water demands are particularly common in the agriculture, industry and construction sectors. The construction industry is accountable for an enormous consumption of water as the Indian guidelines recommend the use of potable water (PW) for concrete. The current study investigates the use of treated sewage (TS) as mixing and curing water in concrete. Tests, including setting time, workability, compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability and water permeability, have been carried out on fresh and hardened concrete for each concrete mix. PW was replaced by weight in ratios of 50, 80 and 100% with TS in the mixing and curing of specimens. The water/cement ratio was taken as 0.45 for PW and TS concrete. Compressive strength and durability were tested after 7, 28, 56 and 90 days of curing. It can be concluded that TS has the potential to replace PW in mixing and curing and should be included in relevant guidelines.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Major Arrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities in Tanzanian Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: M Mbwile , P Chillo
Published: August 2022

Background: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the second most important cause of heart failure in Tanzania, and is associated with high mortality. Arrhythmias and/or conduction abnormalities contribute to sudden cardiac death, which occurs in up to 50% of DCM patients. Data on the burden and associated factors of rhythm and conduction abnormalities in DCM patients may help to prepare local treatment protocols.
Point of Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Perioperative Sepsis Shock
Authors: X Ying , S Yang , Y Haitao , Z Xin , L Wei , Z Yan Jun
Published: August 2022

Point-of-care ultrasound of echocardiographic is capable of identifying the precise causes of hemodynamic disorder in patients with sepsis especially septic shock [1]. Patients in sepsis demonstrate complex alterations in their circulation, including changes in preload and afterload and right ventricle dysfunction [2]. Based on systemic inflammation it can also cause a significant proportion of acute lung injury, as the most common manifestation of sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction [3], real-time bedside assessment of lung function is required, simple using of cardiac ultrasound may lead to the omission of clinical information.
A Single Center, Open-Labeled Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Detemir in Healthy Taiwanese Subjects
Authors: CF Kwok , LT Ho
Published: August 2022

Backgrounds: Insulin detemir (NN304) is a long-acting insulin analogue reported to provide more predictable blood glucose level throughout the day, leading to a lower within-subject variability compared to NPH insulin. Pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin detemir had not been investigated in Taiwanese. This study was to determine whether there is a difference between Taiwanese subjects in pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir compared to Caucasian subjects. Methods: Pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir was measured in twenty male Taiwanese (NN304-3023). Eligible subjects were given insulin detemir as a single dose subcutaneous injection at 0.5 U/kg body weight in the mid-thigh using NovoPen® 3 device. 32-hour serum insulin detemir concentrations were measured. Hypoglycemia and other adverse events were recorded. The results were compared to data obtained from a previous trial in Caucasian subjects (NN304-1451). Results: There was no significant difference between Taiwanese (NN304-3023) and Caucasian (NN304-1451) in the primary endpoint, AUC(0–∞) , and the secondary endpoints, AUC(0–24h), and t1/2. However, the secondary endpoints, Cmax was 40% higher, tmax was shorter (270.0 vs 420.0 min) and AUC(0–5h) was 2-fold more in Taiwanese. When only male subjects were included in the comparator trial (NN304-1451), the t1/2 was significantly shorter in Taiwanese (348 min vs 404 min). There was no significant difference in the mean blood glucose concentrations between Taiwanese and Caucasian subjects. A single episode of hypoglycemia (53 mg/dL) was reported in a 24-year-old male approximately 2.5 hours after the administration of insulin detemir. He was able to treat himself for the episode. Conclusion: In this pharmacokinetic evaluation of a single dose administration of insulin detemir in Taiwanese male subjects, the AUC(0–∞) , and AUC(0–24h) were not different from that of Caucasians in the comparator trial. However, insulin detemir appeared to be more rapidly absorbed in Taiwanese males. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its pharmacodynamic response and mechanisms. Finally, there was no clinically relevant safety concern raised in this study (Funded by research grant from Novo Nordisk, Taiwan, first registration (22/12/2011) ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01497587).
Attenuation of Aging-Induced Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibition of Ca2+/Calmodulin Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) in Isolated Renal and Carotid Rat Arteries
Authors: MHM Yousif , B Makki
Published: August 2022

An increased prevalence of cardiovascular problems is recorded due to aging. The importance of aging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases has been increasing in most of the developing countries since populations continue to become older. Age-associated unusual structural changes that develop in blood vessels have been reported such as stiffening of the vasculature and fibrosis. CaMKII is a protein kinase that is present all-over in the body. In this study, it is suggested that acute inhibition of CaMKII-mediated signaling may be an effective method to prevent agingassociated detrimental changes in isolated blood vessels in SD male rats. The inhibitory effect of CaMKII in aging-induced renal/carotid vascular dysfunction was studied using the selective inhibitor KN-93. Isolated ring segments of the renal or carotid arteries were suspended in organ-bath chambers for measurement of isometric tension. Responses to Phenylephrine (PE), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), carbachol and Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) were determined by measurement of changes in isometric tension. Results from this study showed abnormal vascular responses to vasoactive agonists in the vessels obtained from aged rats. Vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine were potentiated, while vasodilator responses to carbachol were reduced in blood vessels obtained from aged rats, in comparison to responses in young rats. Acute incubation of the blood vessels with KN-93 (10-5 M), an inhibitor of CaMKII, resulted in significant improvement in vascular function to both vasoactive agonists. Our results indicated that activation of CaMKII pathway contributes to aging-induced vascular dysfunction. Therefore, development of novel therapies that inhibit CaMKII pathway may prevent or reduce development of vascular abnormalities induced by aging.
Emergence of Human Avian-Influenza
Authors: ST Tseha
Published: August 2022

Emerging viral diseases have become major public health problem in the World. Human-avian influenza is one of emerging viral diseases that significantly contribute to the global burden of respiratory diseases. The objective of this review was to discuss the most recent human-avian influenza outbreak documented in 2021. On basis of their epidemiological features, influenza in humans can be classified as seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza and human-avian influenza. Influenza in humans that are caused by avian influenza viruses which are transmitted across species to humans is known as human-avian influenza. So far, three avian influenza viruses have been recognized to cause human-avian influenza, namely, Asian H7N9 viruses, H5N1 viruses and H5N8. The most recent human-avian influenza outbreak was caused by H5N8, which was documented on February 2021 in Russia. The outbreak was associated with contact with H5N8 infected domestic birds. As the influenza viruses constantly evolve, there is possibility of global outbreak of the disease. Thus, it is necessary to take preparedness actions to counter pandemic threats as they are identified.
Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: MC Cuéllar-Martinez , V García-Valencia , C Montoya-Bueno , R Restrepo-Molina
Published: August 2022

Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade, malignant tumor derived from sweat glands, arising preferentially in skin from the periorbital region. EMPSGC tumors are more frequently found in elderly female patients. To date, only around 70 cases have been reported in the literature [1-3]. Therefore, thorough immunohistochemical characterization of EMPSGC tumors is of pivotal importance to confirm its diagnosis [4-6].
Comparison of Two In vitro Maturation Media in Their Efficiency for Production of Competent Alpaca Oocytes
Authors: DDH Mallma , FWG Yana , MGP Durand , BD Vásquez , HWV Mackie
Published: August 2022

Oocyte maturation is the most critical process in in vitro culture, since the oocyte acquires competence for future processes, which involve the resumption of meiosis, epigenetic regulation, polyspermy block, activation of the zygote, exchange of protamines to histones, cleavage, cell polarization, embryonic stem cell proliferation, and implantation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two different in vitro maturation media in the production of competent alpaca oocytes matured in vitro. The competency evaluated by morphometry and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining techniques. Alpaca ovaries (n=44) were sourced from slaughterhouse, transported to laboratory in thermoses with saline solution at 33-36ºC and subjected to follicular aspiration and/or dissection. A total of 212 oocytes were obtained. The oocytes were selected, randomized and distributed in one of the two experimental groups: Maturation medium 1 (MM1) and Maturation medium 2 (MM2) with three replicates per experiment. In vitro maturation was carried out in a portable incubator for 40h under 5% CO2 conditions (produced by effervescent granules) and 38.5ºC (by thermostatic bath). Nuclear maturation was assessed using acetate-orcein staining, cytoplasmic maturation using Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) staining and morphometry using ImageJ Software. Nuclear maturation was classified according to the meiotic stage. Cytoplasmic maturation was classified by the presence (BCB+) or absence (BCB-) of BCB staining. Morphometry evaluated the measurements of the diameter and thickness of the zona pellucida and perivitelline space of the oocyte. Nuclear maturation rate was evaluated in Metaphase, observing no significant differences (P=0.088) between MM1 (46.08 ± 5.90 %) and MM2 (54.65 ± 3.00%) in this parameter. The cytoplasmic maturation rate of MM1 (67.78 ± 4.50%) was significantly lower compared to MM2 (77.61 ± 3.58) % (P=0.014). For the diameter of the oocyte, MM1 (133.42 ± 14.56 μm) and MM2 (136.14 ± 15.2 μm) were no different (P=0.397), same for the thickness of the zona pellucida, MM1 (16.84 ± 3.96 μm) and MM2 (16.73 ± 4.98 μm) were no different (P=0.919). For the perivitelline space area, MM1 (11018.91 ± 2465.40 μm2 ) and MM2 (8686.18 ± 3016.88 μm2 ) were significantly different (P=0.0005). In conclusion, the present study shows that the MM2 medium results are better in cytoplasmic maturation and the area of the perivitelline space. The other parameters (nuclear maturation, diameter of the oocyte and thickness of the zona pellucida) were no different between the two maturation media evaluated.
Effects of Glucomannan Feed Additives on Large White Turkey Female Performance, Gastrointestinal Microbial Population, and Blood Corticosterone Levels in a Simulated Transport Challenge
Authors: KR Flores , AA Gernat , A Fahrenholz , JE de Oliveira , G Hosotani , JL Grimes
Published: August 2022

Turkeys may experience stress due to conditions of transport, heat, and in some cases, feed and water restrictions. This may include experiencing conditions present when female turkeys are transported from the brooder house to the grow-out house, typically at 4 to 5 wk of age. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of glucomannan feed additives on performance and corticosterone response in Large White commercial females after an application of simulated conditions which birds might experience during transportation at 4 to 5 wk of age. The transport simulation consisted of reducing the space per bird from 0.198 m2 /bird to 0.028m2 /bird, with no food and water, and exposed to heat lamps, for no more than 18 h. Fourteen hundred and forty Large White female turkeys were randomly assigned to 48 concrete, pine shavings covered floor pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with a one-factor arrangement of 2 sources of glucomannans (medium-chain and long-chain) with two inclusion levels of each (0.02 and 0.20% of the diet). These treatments were compared to two control treatments (no glucomannans), however, one with no simulated transport conditions and one exposed to simulated transport conditions. Bird’s performance, bursa, spleen, and blood corticosterone levels were analyzed in SAS 9.4 in a mixed model. No effects on growth performance of birds fed 0.02% glucomannans were observed. Birds fed glucomannans at 0.20% in the diet had a higher corticosterone level after the transport simulation was applied when compared to other treatments. However, birds fed medium-chain glucomannans at 0.20% had an improved performance after the transport simulation compared to birds fed the other glucomannan treatments. All birds recuperated their performance by d 45. No differences were found in the spleen and bursa weights at 45 d of age. Both glucomannans reduced the stress impact on intestinal bacteria by controlling the overgrowth of Lactobacillus and Fusobacteria while maintaining Bacteroidetes. In conclusion, glucomannans can be used in diets with no change in performance or health at 45 d of age while preserving intestinal microbiota from the negative effects of stress. At 45d, all birds recuperated from the simulated transport conditions applied at 29 d. Thus, the effects of glucomannans on turkey performance and health should be further investigated.