bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techno-Economic Performance Analysis of a 40.1 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) System after Eight Years of Energy Generation: A Case Study for Tochigi, Japan
Authors: Abdullah Ghoname , Nishimura Hidekazu
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the grid-connected photovoltaic system in Tochigi prefecture, Japan, is presented, and its technical and economic performance after eight years is evaluated. The system has a peak power of 40.1 kWp and has been in operation since 2012. The entire electricity generated by the system was fed into the state grid. The system is suitably monitored for one year (2019) and analyzed using the parameters developed and defined in the standard IEC 61724-1 by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The system’s different parameters included array yield, final yield, capacity utilization factor, and performance ratio of the system. An analytical model with solar irradiation obtained from Power Data Access Viewer was developed to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of the system monthly and annual energy generation by comparing the simulated and measured energy acquired from the inverter. A positive linear relationship is observed between solar irradiation data obtained from Power Data Access Viewer and the grid-connected photovoltaic system energy injected into the utility grid. While an annual total of 48,521 kWh of energy was expected to be generated, 38,071 kWh was generated and injected into the utility in 2019. This study also introduces and explains the mechanism of the Feed-In-Tariff system in Japan. The performance of the grid-connected photovoltaic system under this study was compared with that of other systems installed across the globe.
Thermal Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Using High Content Biodiesels: A Comparative Study with Diesel Fuel
Authors: Afzal Asif , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Belhocine Ali , Kareemullah Mohammed , Hossain Nazia , Alshahrani Saad , Saleel C. Ahamed , Subbiah Ram , Qureshi Fazil , Mujtaba M. A.
Published: July 2021

In this study, engine performance on thermal factors for different biodiesels has been studied and compared with diesel fuel. Biodiesels were produced from Pongamia pinnata (PP), Calophyllum inophyllum (CI), waste cooking oil (WCO), and acid oil. Depending on their free fatty acid content, they were subjected to the transesterification process to produce biodiesel. The main characterizations of density, calorific range, cloud, pour, flash and fire point followed by the viscosity of obtained biodiesels were conducted and compared with mineral diesel. The characterization results presented benefits near to standard diesel fuel. Then the proposed diesel engine was analyzed using four blends of higher concentrations of B50, B65, B80, and B100 to better substitute fuel for mineral diesel. For each blend, different biodiesels were compared, and the relative best performance of the biodiesel is concluded. This diesel engine was tested in terms of BSFC (brake-specific fuel consumption), BTE (brake thermal efficiency), and EGT (exhaust gas temperature) calculated with the obtained results. The B50 blend of acid oil provided the highest BTE compared to other biodiesels at all loads while B50 blend of WCO provided the lowest BSFC compared to other biodiesels, and B50 blends of all biodiesels provided a minimum % of the increase in EGT compared to diesel.
Control-Oriented Model of Photovoltaic Systems Based on a Dual Active Bridge Converter
Authors: Herrera-Jaramillo Diego Alejandro , Henao-Bravo Elkin Edilberto , González Montoya Daniel , Ramos-Paja Carlos Andrés , Saavedra-Montes Andrés Julián
Published: July 2021

Solar energy is a source of sustainable energy and its optimal use depends on the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. Dual active bridge converters are a solution to interface PV modules with the grid or high voltage requirement applications due to the high voltage-conversion-ratio and high efficiency provided by such a converter. The three main contributions of this work are: an extensive mathematical model of a DAB converter connected to a PV module including protection diodes, which is intended to design non-linear controllers, an explicit linearized version of the model, which is oriented to design traditional control systems; and a detailed and replicable application example of the model focused on maximizing the power extraction from a PV system. The modeling approach starts with the differential equations of the PV system; however, only the fundamental and average components of each signal is used to represent it. The control-oriented model is validated using a detailed circuital simulation. First, through the comparison of frequency and time diagrams of the proposed model and a detailed one; and then, through the simulation of the PV system in a realistic application case. PV voltage regulation and maximum power extraction are confirmed in simulation results.
Identification and Characterization of Production–Living–Ecological Space in a Central Urban Area Based on POI Data: A Case Study for Wuhan, China
Authors: Fu Chun , Tu Xiaoqiang , Huang An
Published: July 2021

Cities are the main carriers of high population agglomeration and socio-economic activities and are also the areas where contradictions among production, living, and ecological space are concentrated. Effective identification of production–living–ecological space is conducive to the balanced and sustainable development of urban space. First, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism and connotation of urban production–living–ecological space and constructs the classification system of point-of-interest (POI) data. Then, it identifies the production–living–ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan effectively by using the analytic hierarchy process, spatial analysis method, and the quadrat proportion method and verifies the accuracy of production–living–ecological space by the sampling verification method. Last but not least, it adopts spatial auto-correlation analysis and Geo-detector to reveal spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors. The results indicate that: (1) The overall accuracy of the identification accuracy test of production–living–ecological space in Wuhan is 92.86%. (2) There is a significant spatial correlation among production space, living space, and ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan with living space being the dominant space and production space the secondary space intersected and embedded in the north and south banks of the Yangtze River. (3) Results of the analysis of the driving factor show that elements comprising life services, corporate enterprises, and scenic spots play a leading role in realizing the living space, the production space, and the ecological space, respectively, and the interactions between these elements have a significant driving effect on the three types of space. The results prove that POI big data are more scientific and practical in urban spatial planning, and it can provide a useful reference for the sustainable development of spatial planning.
System-Dynamics Modeling for Exploring the Impact of Industrial-Structure Adjustment on the Water Quality of the River Network in the Yangtze Delta Area
Authors: Wang Linlin , Wang Rongchang , Yan Haiyan
Published: July 2021

The coordinated development of the environment and economy is the core of sustainable development. This research investigated sustainable water-quality management by exploring the impact of socioeconomic activities on water quality associated with a major global city. To achieve this goal, a system dynamics (SD) model was developed to capture the feedback processes and interactions between the water quality; population; water resource; and the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of the Yangtze Delta area, especially Jiaxing City. More importantly, we further subdivided and identified the nine key subindustries within three sectors as high-polluting factors. Using this model, five scenarios based on different industrial restructurings were investigated. The simulation results suggested that Jiaxing City’s water quality would conform to a steadily increasing trend over 2021–2035. Changes in the farming industry have the most significant impact on water quality, followed by those in the paper and paper production (PPP) industry and the livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) industry. In terms of individual pollutant concentrations, the concentrations of COD and TN were most sensitive to changes in the farming industry, while PPP and LPB were identified as having the most influence on the concentrations of NH3-N and TP, respectively. It is feasible for Jiaxing City to improve its water quality through collaborative optimization of three industries. However, the effect of industrial structure adjustment is limited. Strategies comprising cleaner production should be undertaken to reduce pollution generation.
Exploring Wind Energy Potential as a Driver of Sustainable Development in the Southern Coasts of Iran: The Importance of Wind Speed Statistical Distribution Model
Authors: Filom Siyavash , Radfar Soheil , Panahi Roozbeh , Amini Erfan , Neshat Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Wind energy as a clean and inexhaustible source of renewable energy can be a key element of sustainable development that decreases dependence of countries on fossil fuels. Therefore, implementing accurate and comprehensive feasibility studies in countries with a high level of consumption of traditional energy resources is vital; an approach encouraged and supported by green funds and climate change action. It is also crucial to helping spur economic and sustainable growth of these countries. In this regard, this study aims at accurate evaluation of onshore wind energy potential in seven coastal cities in the south of Iran. Six Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) were examined over representative stations. It was deduced that the Weibull function, which is the most used PDF in similar studies, was only applicable to one station. Here, Gamma distribution offered the best fit for three stations and for the other ones, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) performed better. Considering the ranking of six examined PDFs and the simplicity of Gamma, it was identified as the effective function in the southern coasts of Iran bearing in mind the geographic distribution of stations. Moreover, six wind energy converter power curve functions contributed to investigating the capacity factor. It is found that, using only one function could cause under- or over-estimation. Then, stations were classified based on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory system. Last but not least, examining a range of wind energy converters enabled scholars to extend this study into practice and prioritize the development of stations considering budget limits.
Impact of Industry 4.0 and Digitization on Labor Market for 2030-Verification of Keynes’ Prediction
Authors: Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor , Végvári Bence , Varga József
Published: July 2021

The research objective of this study is to examine the changes in technological unemployment and to evaluate Keynes’ theory based on a literature analysis concerning the fourth industrial revolution. The methodology used in this study is a literature analysis of 86 papers published between 2011 and 2020 on topics related to Industry 4.0, the labor market, and technological unemployment. The change caused by the labor market raises employment sustainability issues. Among the goals adopted at the 2012 UN Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development, this study is directly related to goals 8 and 9, and indirectly to goal 10. Research evidence suggests that the impact of Industry 4.0 processes will reduce the amount of labor needed, bringing us closer to Keynes’ vision of three hours a day. The analysis suggests that reduced working hours will increase economic efficiency through more intensive work. The literature is used to determine whether the trend of reduced working hours can be interpreted as a positive or negative phenomenon. The extent of technological unemployment is determined by the digitalization strategy of each country and the speed of its introduction, as well as the readiness of the education system in a given country to retrain vulnerable groups in the labor market. However, the overall picture is positive: on the one hand, digital transformation opens up a wide range of opportunities for a more human life, and on the other hand, from an economic point of view, digitalization will become an inescapable element of competition by reducing marginal costs. The study’s novelty is that the effects of Industry 4.0 and technological unemployment on the labor market are analyzed in the context of Keynes’ theory.
Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production
Authors: Jarnerud Tova , Karasev Andrey V. , Wang Chuan , Bäck Frida , Jönsson Pär G.
Published: July 2021

A six day industrial trial using hydrochar as part of the carbon source for hot metal production was performed in a production blast furnace (BF). The hydrochar came from two types of feedstocks, namely an organic mixed biosludge generated from pulp and paper production and an organic green waste residue. These sludges and residues were upgraded to hydrochar in the form of pellets by using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. Then, the hydrochar pellets were pressed into briquettes together with commonly used briquetting material (in-plant fines such as fines from pellets and scraps, dust, etc. generated from the steel plant) and the briquettes were top charged into the blast furnace. In total, 418 tons of hydrochar briquettes were produced. The aim of the trials was to investigate the stability and productivity of the blast furnace during charging of these experimental briquettes. The results show that briquettes containing hydrochar from pulp and paper industries waste and green waste can partially be used for charging in blast furnaces together with conventional briquettes. Most of the technological parameters of the BF process, such as the production rate of hot metal (<1.5% difference between reference days and trial days), amount of dust, fuel rate and amount of injected coal, amount of slag, as well as contents of FeO in slag and %C, %S and %P in the hot metal in the experimental trials were very similar compared to those in the reference periods (two days before and two days after the trials) without using these experimental charge materials. Thus, it was proven that hydrochar derived from various types of organic residues could be used for metallurgical applications. While in this trial campaign only small amounts of hydrochar were used, nevertheless, these positive results support our efforts to perform more in-depth investigations in this direction in the future.
Emerging Diffusion Barriers of Shared Mobility Services in Korea
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Lee Hwansoo , Son Seung-Woo
Published: July 2021

Korea’s shared mobility service, TADA, has been accused of violating the Passenger Transportation Services Act, despite being an innovative transportation service. A key reason for this is that TADA is yet to discover an approach to coexist with traditional transportation service companies. The TADA case shows that in addition to technical or business matters, a variety of issues can act as new barriers to the spread of innovation. Therefore, this study aims to understand the emerging barriers that need to be addressed in adopting breakthrough technologies, particularly for shared mobility services. The purpose of this study is to show that the introduction of innovative technology encounters not only technological barriers, as suggested in previous research, but also political, industrial, and legal barriers to diffusion that hinder innovation. Therefore, this study applied the text mining method to online news big data to confirm the existence of diffusion barriers for shared mobility services. The results demonstrate that not only technical efforts but also discussions with various stakeholders and efforts to minimize industrial and legal resistance are required to effectively spread innovative services.
Virtual Soft Sensor of the Feedstock Composition of the Catalytic Reforming Unit
Authors: Koteleva Natalia , Tkachev Ilya
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses a method for obtaining a matrix of individual and group composition of a hydrotreated heavy gasoline fraction in industrial conditions based on the fractional composition obtained by the distillation method according to the ASTM D86 (the Russian analogue of such a standard is GOST 2177). A method for bounds estimation of the retention index (RI) change is considered on the basis of the symmetry of the RI change range relative to its arithmetic mean. Implementation of this method is performed by simulation of individual composition of C6–C12 feedstock of the catalytic reforming unit in the software package. For this purpose, the boiling curve of individual composition of hydrocarbon mixture is converted into the corresponding curve of fractional composition. The presented technique of creating a virtual soft sensor makes it possible to establish a correct relationship between the fractional composition and the individual hydrocarbon composition obtained according to the IFP 9301 (GOST R 52714) (Russian GOST R 52714 and international IFP 9301 standards for the determination of individual and group composition of hydrocarbon mixtures by capillary gas chromatography). The virtual soft sensor is based on chemical and mathematical principles. The application of this technique on the data of a real oil refinery is shown. Obtaining accurate data by means of a virtual soft sensor on the individual composition of feedstock will make it possible to optimize the catalytic reforming process and thus indirectly improve its environmental friendliness and enrichment efficiency.
Fuzzy Order Acceptance and Scheduling on Identical Parallel Machines
Authors: Erişgin Barak Menşure Zühal , Koyuncu Melik
Published: July 2021

In this study, we focus on the fuzzy order acceptance and scheduling problem in identical parallel machines (FOASIPM), which is a scheduling and optimization problem to decide whether the firm should accept or outsource the order. In general, symmetry is a fundamental property of optimization models used to represent binary relations such as the FOASIPM problem. Symmetry in optimization problems can be considered as an engineering tool to support decision-making. We develop a fuzzy mathematical model (FMM) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with two crossover operators. The FOASIPM is formulated as an FMM where the objective is to maximize the total net profit, which includes the revenue, the penalty of tardiness, and the outsourcing. The performance of the proposed methods is tested on the sets of data with orders that are defined by fuzzy durations. We use the signed distance method to handle the fuzzy parameters. While FMM reaches the optimal solution in a reasonable time for datasets with a small number of orders, it cannot find a solution for datasets with a large number of orders due to the NP-hard nature of the problem. Genetic algorithms provide fast solutions for datasets with a medium and large number of orders.
Evaluation of Flu Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Workers during a 3 Years’ Study Period and Attitude towards Influenza and Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors: Scardina Giuditta , Ceccarelli Luca , Casigliani Virginia , Mazzilli Sara , Napoletano Marco , Padovan Martina , Petillo Armando , Sironi Daniele , Brilli Cinzia , Gattini Vittorio , Tavoschi Lara , Foddis Rudy , Guglielmi Giovanni , Privitera Gaetano Pierpaolo , Baggiani Angelo
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) against seasonal influenza is considered the most effective way to protect HCWs, ensure patient’s safety and to maintain essential health care services during influenza epidemics. With the present study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of incremental bundles of measures implemented during the last three flu campaigns and to assess the attitudes towards influenza vaccination and a potential vaccine against COVID-19 among HCWs, in a large university hospital in Pisa, Italy. (2) Methods: We described measures implemented during 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 and assessed their impact on flu vaccine coverage (VC) among employees and residents in Pisa university hospital. We considered sex, profession and ward to investigate differences in uptake. In addition, in 2020 a survey was developed and distributed to all employees to evaluate flu and COVID-19 vaccines attitudes. (3) Results: during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 flu campaigns the overall VC rate among HCWs was, respectively, 10.2% and 11.9%. In 2020/21 the overall VC rate jumped to 39.3% (+ 230.6%). Results from the survey indicated a more positive attitude towards flu vaccine as compared to COVID-19 vaccines among the 10.6% of the staff members who responded to the survey. In addition, 70.97% of HCWs totally agreed that being vaccinated against influenza would be more important than the previous years because of COVID-19 emergency. (4) Conclusions: a significant increase in VC was observed in 2020/21, especially among those sub-groups with consistently lower uptake in previous years. The COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced flu vaccination uptake during the 2020/21 season.
Comparison of In-Situ Chlorophyll-a Time Series and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument Data in Slovenian National Waters (Gulf of Trieste, Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Cherif El Khalil , Mozetič Patricija , Francé Janja , Flander-Putrle Vesna , Faganeli-Pucer Jana , Vodopivec Martin
Published: July 2021

While satellite remote sensing of ocean color is a viable tool for estimating large-scale patterns of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and global ocean primary production, its application in coastal waters is limited by the complex optical properties. An exploratory study was conducted in the Gulf of Trieste (Adriatic Sea) to assess the usefulness of Sentinel-3 satellite data in the Slovenian national waters. OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) Chl-a level 2 products (OC4Me and NN) were compared to monthly Chl-a in-situ measurements at fixed sites from 2017 to 2019. In addition, eight other methods for estimating Chl-a concentration based on reflectance in different spectral bands were tested (OC3M, OC4E, MedOC4, ADOC4, AD4, 3B-OLCI, 2B-OLCI and G2B). For some of these methods, calibration was performed on in-situ data to achieve a better agreement. Finally, L1-regularized regression and random forest were trained on the available dataset to test the capabilities of the machine learning approach. The results show rather poor performance of the two originally available products. The same is true for the other eight methods and the fits to the measured values also show only marginal improvement. The best results are obtained with the blue-green methods (OC3, OC4 and AD4), especially the AD4SI (a designated fit of AD4) with R = 0.56 and RMSE = 0.4 mg/m³, while the near infrared (NIR) methods show underwhelming performance. The machine learning approach can only explain 30% of the variability and the RMSE is of the same order as for the blue-green methods. We conclude that due to the low Chl-a concentration and the moderate turbidity of the seawater, the reflectance provided by the Sentinel-3 OLCI spectrometer carries little information about Chl-a in the Slovenian national waters within the Gulf of Trieste and is therefore of limited use for our purposes. This requires that we continue to improve satellite products for use in those marine waters that have not yet proven suitable. In this way, satellite data could be effectively integrated into a comprehensive network that would allow a reliable assessment of ecological status, taking into account environmental regulations.
Simulation modeling of taxpayers’ behavior on the labor market in Ukraine
Authors: Vasylchenko Kyrylo
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes some components of the shadow economy using the example of modern Ukraine. The purpose of article is to predict the behavior of the economically active population when choosing an employment option using an agent-based simulation model. The work uses the methods of theoretical generalization, retrospective analysis – to study the theoretical aspects of socio-economic relations at the enterprise; system analysis, agent-based modeling – to develop a decision-making model in the labor market. The proposed algorithm of taxpayer behavior is based on studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of shadow economy and informal employment. Particular attention is paid to the national economic mentality as an important factor which determines the trajectory of the country’s development. As a substantiation of the subject’s behavior on the labor market, it is proposed to use the model of decision-making by a taxpayer, developed by M. Ellingham. When constructing an algorithm for the behavior of an employee, the demographic situation in Ukraine, the causes and consequences of labor migration, and the mental characteristics of the population were analyzed. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the fact that it takes into account the dependence of the taxpayer’s utility curve on the taxpayer’s age. The developed model was applied to forecasting of the demographic situation in Ukraine, and to estimation of the population participation in the informal economy sector.
Gross domestic product and its place in the state’s economic growth
Authors: Kovalenko Victoria
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in gross domestic product of Ukraine and other countries of the world during 1991–2019. The role of gross domestic product in the country’s economic growth is determined. The current level of gross domestic product of Ukraine in comparison with other countries has been defined. Gross domestic product indicator by purchasing power parity per capita (real gross domestic product) was used for comparative analyses. Attention is focused on the fact that both in Ukraine and in a number of European countries there is a positive trend regarding its growth. It is established that the functioning of the shadow economy, along with the legal one, leads to a significant reduction in the share of tax revenues in the structure of the country’s budget revenues, which endangers the implementation of important government programs. Assessment of gross domestic product by categories of final consumption and income has been carried out. It has been proven that the main burden of losses from the economic downturn is shifted to employees. A decrease in gross domestic product leads to a reduction in the share of wages. The dynamics of indicators of the ratio of internal and external debt to gross domestic product for the period 2006–2019 is analyzed. It is established that the peak period, which poses a threat to Ukraine’s ability to fulfill its obligations, falls on 2015–2017. It has been substantiated that the growth of real gross domestic product in Ukraine is insignificant. External and internal reasons for the slow growth of real gross domestic product are determined, in particular: a high level of corruption; war in the East; growth of inflation, NBU discount rate; low investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises; growth of external debt; deterioration of transport infrastructure; poor economic dynamics; lack of a country development strategy. The directions of solving the negative situation that has developed in the country are given, and the ways of increasing the growth rate of the gross domestic product are proposed
Strategic determinants of development in the energy services industry
Authors: Kuznetsova Inna
Published: July 2021

The subject of the study is a theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for the development of the energy services industry on the basis of strategic determinants. The task of the study is to analyze the determinants of the energy services industry and identify the most influential of them, which are crucial in terms of strategy formation. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic analysis, which was used to assess the energy services industry and determine its development potential. The article reveals the functions of enterprises in the energy services industry. The relationship between the development of ESCO-enterprises and the state energy efficiency policy has been established. The main stages of development of ESCO-enterprises have been identified. The dynamics of the number of ESCO-contracts and the rating of the ESCO-mechanism by regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The structure of the energy services industry from the point of view of its strategic determinants is considered: the threat of substitution, the influence of suppliers, the influence of buyers, the threat of entry of new firms and competition between existing competitors. The segments in which the energy services industry is developing have been identified and characterized: the budget sphere, the housing sphere and industry. The potential of each segment in terms of industry development has been identified. The factors restraining the development of the energy services industry are systematized. Using the market concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, it was found that the energy service market is moderately concentrated. Based on the model of the main types of the market, the conformity of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the energy service market to the signs of monopolistic competition has been determined. According to the results of the analysis, the greatest influence of the strategic determinant «rivalry between existing competitors» was determined. Recommendations for the formation of competitive strategies of energy service enterprises are given.
Less is More: Deprescribing Medications in Older Adults with Kidney Disease: A Review
Authors: Mohottige Dinushika , Manley Harold J. , Hall Rasheeda K.
Published: July 2021

Due to age and impaired kidney function, older adults with kidney disease are at increased risk of medication-related problems and related hospitalizations. One proa ctive approach to minimize this risk is deprescribing. Deprescribing refers to the systematic process of reducing or stopping a medication. Aside from preventing harm, deprescribing can potentially optimize patients’ quality of life by aligning medications with their goals of care. For some patients, deprescribing could involve less aggressive management of their diabetes and/or hypertension. In other instances, deprescribing targets may include potentially inappropriate medications that carry greater risk of harm than benefit in older adults, medications that have questionable efficacy, including medications that have varying efficacy by degree of kidney function, and that increase medication regimen complexity. We include a guide for clinicians to utilize in deprescribing, the List, Evaluate, Shared Decision-Making, Support (LESS) framework. The LESS framework provides key considerations at each step of the deprescribing process that can be tailored for the medications and context of individu al patients. Patient characteristics or clinical events that warrant consideration of deprescribing include limited life expectancy, cognitive impairment, and health status changes, such as dialysis initiation or recent hospitalization. We acknowledge patient-, clinician-, and system-level challenges to the depre scribing process. These include patient hesitancy and challenges to discussing goals of care, clinician time constraints and a lack of evidence-based guidelines, and system-level challenges of interoperable electronic health records and limited incentives for deprescribing. However, novel evidence-based tools designed to facilitate deprescribing and future evidence on effectiveness of deprescribing could help mitigate these barriers. This review provides foundational knowledge on deprescribing as an emerging component of clinical practice and research within nephrology.
Comparison between PCA analysis and Grey based Taguchi analysis of TIG welding process parameters on Duplex stainless steel
Authors: Mondal Sandip , Nandi Goutam , Pal Pradip Kumar
Published: July 2021

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding on Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is more easy, comfortable and useful, if the process is precisely understood and controlled through development of the science & technology. TIG welding on DSS has been performed with the help of specific controlled welding process parameters. Welding quality has been strongly depended on these process parameters. In this study, some valuable welding parameters are chosen. These are welding current, shielding gas flow rate and speed of welding. These process parameters of TIG welding for ASTM/UNS 2205 DSS welds are optimized by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and Grey based Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal array (OA) experimental plan with the conception of signal to noise ratio (N/S). After that, compression results of above mentioned two analyses of TIG welding process parameters have been calculated. The quality of the TIG welding on DSS has been evaluated in term of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage of elongation. Compression results of both analyses indicate application feasibility for continuous improvement of welding quality on DSS in different components of chemical, oil and gas industries.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE WIRE DRAWING ROUTE WHEN EQUAL UNIT COMPRESSIONS USING THE MATH CONNEX MATH PACKAGE
Authors: Kryuchkov O. B. , Komolov A. A. , Dryukov Yu. A. , Rastov K. V. , Sedov E. V. , Bondareva O. P.
Published: July 2021

The results of a study of the drawing route with equal single crimps of a patent wire made of high-carbon steel 70 with a diameter of 2.8 mm using the MathConnex mathematical package (part of MathCad Pro) are presented. It is established that the use of the UDSATO 320 drawing mill with a drawing multiplicity of 10 allows to obtain a high-quality wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm with a temperature at the outlet of the wire no more than 250 C with a safety factor in the range of 1.8-2.7.
RESULTS OF SHRINKAGE ORIGIN DEFECTS DISTRIBUTION COMPUTER SIMULATION IN STANDARD CAST SAMPLE VOLUME OF GREY CAST IRON
Authors: Baron A. A. , Palatkina L. V. , Palatkin S. V.
Published: July 2021

For cast iron grades SCH 15 and SCH 20, using the computer modeling system of casting processes in the environment of the LVMFlow software package, the possibility of predicting defects of shrinkage origin when obtaining a standard cast sample that determines the grade and quality of the castings of responsible purpose poured simultaneously with it is considered
INFLUENCE OF AN ORGANIC ADDITIVE ON THE STRUCTURE OF AN AQUEOUS SODIUM SILICATE FILM ON THE SURFACE OF A REFRACTORY CHROMITE FILLER
Authors: Kidalov N. A. , Grigorieva N. V.
Published: July 2021

Formation of the structure of a film of hydrous sodium silicate on the surface of a refractory chromite filler. Wastes of contact cleaning of oils were used as organic additives, which are calcium bentonite impregnated with oils. The structure of liquid glass films on the surface of a refractory filler, cured at a temperature of 180-400-600-900 ° C, is investigated, which is comparable to the temperature convective system of liquid glass molds and rods, as well as the temperature system of molds after pouring with hot metal.
Reconstructing Islam
Authors: Peterson Kristian
Published: July 2021

During the sixteenth century when Islam was already established in China, Chinese Muslims began to critically examine their understanding of Islamic knowledge and how to transmit it to future generations. Traditional tutelage based on purely Arabic and Persian sources generally evaded a Muslim population that, for the most part, could no longer read the available rare Islamic texts. The subsequent reconstruction of Islamic knowledge and education emphasized the intersections between the Chinese and the Muslim communities’ cultural and religious heritages. The new specialized educational system, “scripture hall education” (jingtang jiaoyu), utilized Chinese as the language of instruction and incorporated aspects of traditional Chinese literati education in collaboration with newly retrieved Islamic sources from the Muslim heartland. The ensuing standardization and organization of curriculum and pedagogical techniques enabled peripatetic students to replicate this system throughout China. It also allowed the religious community’s leaders to direct the discourse concerning Islam and disseminate a specific interpretation of religious knowledge. This is most clearly displayed through the Han Kitab, the canonized corpus of Chinese Islamic texts written, approximately, during 1600-1750. This literature articulated Islamic principles through the lexicon of literary Chinese and replicated the ideology highlighted by the educational network. This paper analyzes why Islamic knowledge was lost and traces how the new educational system transformed the indigenous Islamic discourse, articulated through the Han Kitab literature, to reflect a distinctive Chinese Muslim interpretation of the faith.
Beijing Rides the Bandwagon
Authors: Cuthbert Ross
Published: July 2021

This paper offers a critical assessment of the Chinese Communist Party’s post-9/11 efforts to build international support for its security activities in its Xinjiang province. Xinjiang has traditionally presented the party with a particular challenge. It is remote and relatively underdeveloped, has borders with seven countries, and, most importantly, is inhabited by a large, concentrated, and restive Islamic minority known as the Uygurs. The party is very concerned about the presence of separatist elements among the Uygur population. Beijing’s activities to control such elements have traditionally been quite secretive. However, after 9/11, a Beijing-released report claimed that Xinjiang’s separatist activity is Islamist in nature and that groups operating within the region have ties to al-Qaeda and the Taliban. I argue that inconsistencies surrounding this report tend to undermine the party’s position. Furthermore, given the nature of Islamic practice in Xinjiang and the historical development of Uygur-Han relations in the region, it is more likely that the primary motivations for separatism are rooted in ethno-nationalist, rather than religious, considerations.
Denuncias éticas de médicos colegiados en Perú, 1991-2010: frecuencia y naturaleza
Authors: Sogi-Uematzu Cecilia , Cárdenas-Díaz Maximiliano , Zavala-Sarrio Salomón
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El Colegio Médico del Perú (CMP), creado por la Ley N.º 15173 del año 1964, vela por el cumplimiento de las normas éticas de la profesión, específicamente, a través de su Comité de vigilancia ética y deontológica. En casos de infracción al código, el Consejo Nacional o el Consejo Regional respectivo pone fin al procedimiento disciplinario, imponiendo sanción o declarando la absolución del médico investigado, mediante una resolución. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia y naturaleza de las denuncias éticas contenidas en las resoluciones del Consejo Nacional, en el período 1991-2010. Material y métodos. Se accedió a las resoluciones del Consejo Nacional. Se elaboró una ficha de recolección de datos; y se utilizaron el Excel para la base de datos y el SPSS versión 15 para el análisis  de frecuencia. La naturaleza de las faltas éticas se estableció con base en el Código de ética y deontología del CMP (versiones 1970 y 2000). Resultados. En el primer decenio, las 84 resoluciones (24,8%) contenían 157 in fracciones al código, las más frecuentes fueron en el título relación médico paciente (35,7%). En el segundo decenio, las 253 resoluciones (75,2%) contenían 388 infracciones, las más frecuentes fueron en el título derechos del paciente (55%). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de las denuncias éticas se triplicó entre los dos decenios. La naturaleza de las trasgresiones al código fueron las mismas en los dos decenios, aunque su frecuencia varía por diferencias entre sus dos versiones (1970 y 2000).
Papel de la comorbilidad en el impacto de la sarcopenia sobre la función musculoesquelética
Authors: Vela-Barba Carlos Luis
Published: July 2021

Papel de la comorbilidad en el impacto de la sarcopenia sobre la función musculoesquelética
Los 50 años
Authors: Miranda-Orrillo Christian R.
Published: July 2021

Los 50 años
Modern Russian deviantology: history, methodology, social challenges and current trends
Authors: Zmanovskaya Elena
Published: July 2021

The article presents a historical and ontological analysis of modern Russian deviantology as a socially significant interdisciplinary field of knowledge. The scientific and historical context of deviantology is described. The categorical apparatus is justified. The author reveals the attributive signs of deviance and deviant behavior in the paradigm of the integrative-convergent model of interaction between the individual and the environment. The thesis about the formation of deviant identity through selective negative and aggressive identifications with significant parental figures is put forward. The problems of interdisciplinary dissociation and linear functionalism of deviantological knowledge are emphasized. The challenges of the time are described, and the prospects for development are determined.
Anthropological basis of formation modern criminal biopolitics
Authors: Bavsun Maksim
Published: July 2021

Biopolitics begins to occupy more and more place in the modern understanding of the state about its possibilities in choosing the means necessary to exert the required influence on each individual and society as a whole. The limits of such possibilities, taking into account the knowledge accumulated by mankind in the past few decades, turned out to be truly unlimited, inevitably formulating the question of setting specific goals and objectives implied by the authorities. The function of control has always been inherent in the official power formation, and the problem of determining the limits of its implementation has also always been in the sphere of disagreements, forming various types of societies and states.

Biopolitics is a phenomenon of a fundamentally new order, capable of bringing the discussion of this problem to a previously inaccessible level. The criminallegal component of the presented issue is still on the sidelines, continuing to persistently ignore the ongoing processes, and especially the transformation of social relations, the analogs of which in terms of its scale in history are not so many.

However, it is criminal policy, through the introduction of biopolitical tools into circulation, that can have the greatest impact on the formation and implementation of the function of controlling individual human behavior and social relations in general. The function, which today is not typical for the criminal law sphere, is ultimately capable of acting as one of the main ones in the course of implementing this area of legal regulation.
PROBLEMS OF TAX RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: SHEVCHUK Anton
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The theoretical bases of tax risks are considered and the author's approach to interpretation of their essence is offered. The directions of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on tax revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine have been studied and the factors of intensification of tax risks have been determined. On this basis, scientifically sound recommendations for improving the management of tax risks in Ukraine in the economic crisis.

The purpose of the article is to study the areas of intensification of tax risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of scientifically sound proposals for improving the management of tax risks in the face of new challenges for fiscal authorities.

Results. The main directions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine are assessed. It is proved that the manifestations of the economic crisis are the main factors of intensification of tax risks in Ukraine, which are expressed in significant losses of budget revenues. Ways to optimize the mechanism of VAT refunds and directions of audit of tax benefits in order to minimize tax risks are proposed. The mechanisms of obligatory fiscalization of micro and small business settlements through the introduction of registrars of settlement operations on favorable terms for business owners without the need to hire additional employees are outlined. Possibilities of realization of the project of electronic customs as one of elements of creation of a positive business climate and minimization of tax risks are considered.

Perspectives. Promising areas of research may be the study of psychological, administrative, technological, political factors of tax risks in Ukraine.
Karakteristik sifat sensoris dan kimia pada kue kering hasil dari formulasi tepung beras merah (Oryza nivara L.) dan mocaf (modified cassava flour)
Authors: Rachmawati Maulida , Syahrumsyah Hudaida , Andriyani Yulian , Dewantara Meggy , Pane Ronita
Published: July 2021

Konsumsi protein dan karbohidrat dalam bentuk kue kering diharapkan mampu menambah asupan gizi masyarakat. Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) menjadi salah satu komoditas lokal yang dapat menggantikan tepung trigu dalam pembuatan kue kering. Walaupun demikian, mocaf mengandung protein yang rendah yaitu 1,2%, sehingga penambahan tepung beras merah (TBM) dapat menghasilkan kue kering dengan mutu yang lebih baik sekaligus mendukung diversifikasi pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi TBM dan mocaf terhadap sifat kimia dan karakteristik sensoris kue kering. Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan untuk perbandingan TBM (g) dan mocaf (g), yaitu 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, dan 100:0, dengan 4 ulangan digunakan pada penelitian ini. Parameter yang diamati adalah sifat sensoris dan kimia. Data sifat kimia dianalisis mengunakan sidik ragam, sedangkan data sensoris diolah mengunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi TBM dan mocaf berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar air, abu dan lemak, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar protein, karbohidrat, serta sifat sensoris hedonik dan mutu hedonik. Perlakuan terbaik diperlihatkan pada formulasi TBM 75 g dan mocaf 25 g yang menghasilkan cookies dengan kadar air 2,16%, kadar abu 1,99%, kadar lemak 14,97%, kadar protein 9,66%, dan kadar karbohidrat 70,27%, sedangkan sifat sensoris hedoniknya untuk warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa berada pada kisaran suka. Sifat sensoris mutu hedonik cookies yang dihasilkan adalah berwarna agak coklat, agak beraroma TBM, tekstur renyah dan agak berasa TBM.
Determinasi formula sari biji nangka (Arthocarpus heterophyllus) dan sari buah stroberi (Fragria ananassa) pada pengolahan susu Nangstro
Authors: Sitohang Apul , Simorangkir Priscila
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula sari biji buah nangka dan sari buah stroberi pada pengolahan susu Nangstro. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahapan penelitian terpisah yang masing-masing dilakukan dengan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Penelitian tahap pertama adalah menentukan formula biji nangka (SBN) dan sari buah stroberi (SBS) dengan perlakuan SBN 80%, SBS 20%; SBN 70%, SBS 30%; SBN 60%, SBS 40%; dan SBN 50%, SBS 50%. Penelitian tahap kedua menentukan umur simpan susu Nangstro dengan perlakuan 0, 3, 6 dan 9 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu Nangstro dengan formula SBN 80% dan SBS 20% dapat diterima oleh panelis. Semakin tinggi kadar SBS dalam formula susu Nangstro akan menurunkan kadar protein, kadar kalsium, total padatan terlarut, dan penerimaan sensorisnya. Kadar SBS yang tinggi akan meningkatkan total asam susu Nangstro. Selama penyimpanan, susu Nangstro mengalami penurunan kadar protein, kalsium dan total padatan terlarut, dilain pihak total asamnya semakin meningkat.