bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerations
Authors: Willman Matthew , Willman Jonathan , Figg John , Dioso Emma , Sriram Sai , Olowofela Bankole , Chacko Kevin , Hernandez Jairo , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: February 2023

Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in supporting functions of the central nervous system (CNS), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and maintenance, water and ion regulation, influencing neuronal synaptogenesis, and stimulating the immunological response. In terms of epidemiology, glioblastoma (GB), the most common and malignant astrocytoma, generally occur with higher rates in Australia, Western Europe, and Canada, with the lowest rates in Southeast Asia. Additionally, significantly higher rates of GB are observed in males and non-Hispanic whites. It has been suggested that higher levels of testosterone observed in biological males may account for the increased rates of GB. Hereditary syndromes such as Cowden, Lynch, Turcot, Li-Fraumeni, and neurofibromatosis type 1 have been linked to increased rates of astrocytoma development. While there are a number of specific gene mutations that may influence malignancy or be targeted in astrocytoma treatment, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene function is an important predictor of astrocytoma response to chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ for primary and bevacizumab in the setting of recurrent tumor formation are two of the main chemotherapeutic agents currently approved in the treatment of astrocytomas. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has debatable implications for increased survival in comparison to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), SRS demonstrates increased precision with reduced radiation toxicity. When considering surgical resection of astrocytoma, the extent of resection (EoR) is taken into consideration. Subtotal resection (STR) spares the margins of the T1 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) region, gross total resection (GTR) includes the margins, and supramaximal resection (SMR) extends beyond the margin of the T1 and into the T2 region. Surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy are integral components of astrocytoma treatment.
Business intelligence factors for decision making
Authors: Cekuls Andrejs
Published: February 2023

In today’s business world, data has become a highly valuable asset. Companies that can effectively harness their data to gain insightsand make informed decisions have a significant competitive advantage. This is where business intelligence and real-time analysis come in. The authors will discuss various business intelligence applications. Such studies, e.g. improving competitive advantage through business intelligence, speed of innovation and quality of innovation in human capital and structural capital are becoming increasingly relevant.
REKLAMA MATNIDA MAQOLLAR IFODASI
Authors:   O’zDJTU dotsenti, filologiya fanlari doktori,, Mo'minova A.A. , G'ofurova D.A. ,   O’zDJTU 2 kurs magistr
Published: February 2023

Ushbu maqolada reklama nimaligi, uning turlari, ahamiyati, o’rni haqida batafsil yoritilgan hamda reklama matnlarini maqollar orqali ifodalash, uning afzalliklari, yutug’i, kim tonidan yaratilishi kabi umumiy va muhim ma’lumotlar o’z ifodasini topgan.
ЛЕЧЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ДЕФИЦИТ ВИТАМИНА Е У ДОМАШНЕЙ ПТИЦЫ
Authors:   Студентка 5 курса заочного отделения направления Биология Бухарского Государственного университета. Бухара. Узбекистан, Отаниёзова Фарангиз
Published: February 2023

В статье приведены данные научных исследования лечения авитаминоза Д у домашней птицы. Определялись признака авитаминоза, лечение зеленью и добавление в пищу низшие растение, использование метода биотехнология. Article Details How to Cite:
https://in-academy.uz/index.php/EJLFAS/article/view/10277/7416
Authors:   Преподователь кафедры Уголовного права криминологии и противодействии коррупции Ташкентского государственного юридического университета, Отабоев Бобур
Published: February 2023

Данная статья посвящена международным конвенциям по вопросам ареста и конфискации имущества, полученных преступным путем. В статье подробно анализируется нормы всех конвенций, который по стандартам ФАТФ являются обязательными для имплементации в национальных законодательствах. Проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ конвенций и норма этих конвенций.
Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences
Authors:   Андижон давлат университети. Ижтимоий-иқтисодиёт факультети декани, профессор, Мадумаров Талантбек , Хаидаров Раҳматулло ,   Андижон давлат университети таянч докторанти, Ғуломжонов Одилжон ,   Ўзбекистон Миллий Университети. Давлат ва фуқаролик жамияти институтлари бошқаруви йўналиши 1-курс магистранти
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада Кўҳна тарихимиздан аёнки, аждодларимиз инсон зотини юксакликка кўтарганлар, уни тирик мавжудотлар орасида энг аълоси деб ҳисоблаганлар. Аждодларимизнинг мукаммал жамият, одил ва маърифатли шоҳ, комил инсон ҳақидаги қимматли фикрлари ҳозиргача ўз қадрини йўқотмасдан, инсониятга хизмат қилмоқда. Киши юксак фазилатлар ва қадриятларни эгалламасдан, ўзида инсонга муҳаббат туйғусини шакллантирмасдан, гўзал хулқли, одобли, инсонпарвар бўлмасдан туриб етук шахс, комил инсон бўлиб етишуви қийин
Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences
Authors:   President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Academy of Public Administration under head of the department, PhD, associate professor, Yunusov Mansur
Published: February 2023

This article highlights the national experience in the development of information consumption in public services: problems and solutions, increasing information literacy, problems and achievements of media education, media literacy culture of public servants in public civil service.
Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences
Authors:   Тошкент давлат Шарқшунослик университети Халқаро муносабатлар ва жахон сиёсати 1-курс магистранти, Камилов Шухрат
Published: February 2023

Тошкент давлат Шарқшунослик университети Халқаро муносабатлар ва жахон сиёсати 1-курс магистранти
Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences
Authors:   ИИВ Малака ошириш институти отряд комондири, Подполковник, Камилов Миркомил
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикасининг тушунчаси, мақсади, вазифалари ҳамда принципларига оид фикр ва мулоҳазалар ёритилган бўлиб, бу борада хорижий давлатлар тажрибаси ўрганилган.
Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance and Applied Sciences
Authors:   ИИВ Малака ошириш институти Касбий махсус фанлар кафедраси ўқитувчиси, Хидиров Фурқат
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада маҳалла ҳуқуқ-тартибот масканлари ички ишлар органларининг фаолиятини бевосита маҳаллаларда жамоат тартибини сақлаш, ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси ва жиноятчиликка қарши курашиш бўйича, шунингдек фуқароларнинг хавфсизлиги ва осойишталигини таъминлаш борасида сўз боради.
No evidence for spatial suppression due to across-trial distractor learning in visual search
Authors: Li Ai-Su , Bogaerts Louisa , Theeuwes Jan
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have shown that during visual search, participants are able to implicitly learn across-trial regularities regarding target locations and use these to improve search performance. The present study asks whether such across-trial visual statistical learning also extends to the location of salient distractors. In Experiments 1 and 2, distractor regularities were paired so that a specific distractor location was 100% predictive of another specific distractor location on the next trial. Unlike previous findings that employed target regularities, the current results show no difference in search times between predictable and unpredictable trials. In Experiments 3–5 the distractor location was presented in a structured order (a sequence) for one group of participants, while it was presented randomly for the other group. Again, there was no learning effect of the across-trial regularities regarding the salient distractor locations. Across five experiments, we demonstrated that participants were unable to exploit across-trial spatial regularities regarding the salient distractors. These findings point to important boundary conditions for the modulation of visual attention by statistical regularities and they highlight the need to differentiate between different types of statistical regularities.
Visual search and childhood vision impairment: A GAMLSS-oriented multiverse analysis approach
Authors: Constable Paul A. , Loh Lynne , Prem-Senthil Mallika , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: February 2023

The aim of this report was to analyze reaction times and accuracy in children with a vision impairment performing a feature-based visual search task using a multiverse statistical approach. The search task consisted of set sizes 4, 16, and 24, consisting of distractors (circle) and a target (ellipse) that were presented randomly to school-aged individuals with or without a vision impairment. Interactions and main effects of key variables relating to reaction times and accuracy were analyzed via a novel statistical method blending GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) and distributional regression trees. Reaction times for the target-present and target-absent conditions were significantly slower in the vision impairment group with increasing set sizes (p < .001). Female participants were significantly slower than were males for set sizes 16 and 24 in the target-absent condition (p < .001), with male participants being significantly slower than females in the target-present condition (p < .001). Accuracy was only significantly worse (p = .03) for participants less than 14 years of age for the target-absent condition with set sizes 16 and 24. There was a positive association between binocular visual acuity and search time (p < .001). The application of GAMLSS with distributional regression trees to the analysis of visual search data may provide further insights into underlying factors affecting search performance in case-control studies where psychological or physical differences may influence visual search outcomes.
Electrophysiological evidence for the enhancement of gesture-speech integration by linguistic predictability during multimodal discourse comprehension
Authors: Hintz Florian , Khoe Yung Han , Strauß Antje , Psomakas Adam Johannes Alfredo , Holler Judith
Published: February 2023

In face-to-face discourse, listeners exploit cues in the input to generate predictions about upcoming words. Moreover, in addition to speech, speakers produce a multitude of visual signals, such as iconic gestures, which listeners readily integrate with incoming words. Previous studies have shown that processing of target words is facilitated when these are embedded in predictable compared to non-predictable discourses and when accompanied by iconic compared to meaningless gestures. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of both factors. We recorded electroencephalogram from 60 Dutch adults while they were watching videos of an actress producing short discourses. The stimuli consisted of an introductory and a target sentence; the latter contained a target noun. Depending on the preceding discourse, the target noun was either predictable or not. Each target noun was paired with an iconic gesture and a gesture that did not convey meaning. In both conditions, gesture presentation in the video was timed such that the gesture stroke slightly preceded the onset of the spoken target by 130 ms. Our ERP analyses revealed independent facilitatory effects for predictable discourses and iconic gestures. However, the interactive effect of both factors demonstrated that target processing (i.e., gesture-speech integration) was facilitated most when targets were part of predictable discourses and accompanied by an iconic gesture. Our results thus suggest a strong intertwinement of linguistic predictability and non-verbal gesture processing where listeners exploit predictive discourse cues to pre-activate verbal and non-verbal representations of upcoming target words.
Gender differences in “optimistic” information processing in uncertain decisions
Authors: Karmarkar Uma R.
Published: February 2023

Decision-makers often are faced with uncertain situations in which they have incomplete information. While risky decisions include the probabilities of the possible outcomes, ambiguous decisions involve both unknown probabilities and unknown outcomes. Prior research has suggested that there are differences in how men and women evaluate risk, but evidence related to gender and ambiguity is mixed. The present work approaches this problem from a novel angle, focusing on the use of information that is present rather than the impact of information that is absent. It examines how individuals assign value in uncertain decisions based on the partial information they do have. While a main effect of gender on value is not observed, there is an enhanced “optimism bias” in how both favorable and unfavorable information influences the subjective value of ambiguous financial prospects for male compared to female participants. Unpacking these effects suggests multiple mechanisms, including a significant contribution of risk processing. Specifically, favorable and unfavorable information are over- and underweighted respectively in male participants’ estimated likelihood of a winning outcome, and unfavorable information is underweighted in estimating certainty. There also is an interaction of gender and risk preferences, such that value increases more for male participants as the subjectively estimated likelihood of winning increases. A second experiment demonstrates this risk interaction effect is also observed for objective probabilities of winning, suggesting that the relationship between value and risk uses similar mechanisms across layers of uncertainty.
Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene derivatives in tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs)
Authors: Lerch Swantje , Fritsch Stefan , Strassner Thomas
Published: February 2023

An iron(III) chloride hexahydrate-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene derivatives in tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) has been developed. Through optimization of the metal salt, reaction conditions and ionic liquids, we were able to design a robust catalyst system that tolerates different electron-rich substrates under ambient atmosphere and allows for a multigram scale.
Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates. XII. Follow-up Observations from SOAR, Blanco, NTT, and OAN-SPM
Authors: García-Pérez Abigail , Peña-Herazo Harold A. , Massaro Francesco , Chavushyan Vahram , D’abrusco Raffaele , Masetti Nicola , Landoni Marco , Franca Fabio La , Patiño-Álvarez Víctor M. , Amaya-Almazán Raúl A. , Milisavljevic Dan , Paggi Alessandro , Ricci Federica , Jiménez-Bailón Elena , Smith Howard A.
Published: February 2023

Roughly one third of the sources in the Fermi-LAT catalogs are listed as unidentified/unassociated γ-ray sources (UGS), i.e., they lack a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is a growing population of blazars of uncertain type (BCUs). Spectroscopic observations are crucial to confirm the blazar nature of the UGSs candidate counterparts and BCUs. Hence, in 2013 we started an optical spectroscopic campaign to carry out the identifications and classifications. In this paper, as a continuation of the campaign we report the spectra of 39 sources: the sample comprises 37 sources classified as BCUs, one source classified as a BL Lac in the Fourth Source Catalog of the Fermi-LAT (4FGL), and one source classified as UGS. We classify 19 of the sources in the sample as BL Lacs, 13 as blazars with nonnegligible host-galaxy emission, six as Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars, and one as a normal elliptical galaxy. The source listed as BL Lac in the 4FGL seems to be a blazar with nonnegligible host-galaxy emission in our observations, most likely due to an ongoing quiescent state. We classified the UGS source as a BL Lac. Six out of the 39 sources were previously reported in the campaign; in general, both the classifications and redshifts are in agreement, except for one of them with no redshift reported before. Altogether, we provided reliable redshift estimates to 21 out of the 39 sources. Finally, we describe the statistics of the data collected in our campaign so far.
Lyα Scattering Models Trace Accretion and Outflow Kinematics in T Tauri Systems*
Authors: Arulanantham Nicole , Gronke Max , Fiorellino Eleonora , Gameiro Jorge Filipe , Frasca Antonio , Green Joel , Chang Seok-Jun , Claes Rik A. B. , Espaillat Catherine C. , France Kevin , Herczeg Gregory J. , Manara Carlo F. , Venuti Laura , Ábrahám Péter , Alexander Richard , Bouvier Jerome , Campbell-White Justyn , Eislöffel Jochen , Fischer William J. , Kóspál Ágnes , Vioque Miguel
Published: February 2023

T Tauri stars produce broad Lyα emission lines that contribute ∼88% of the total UV flux incident on the inner circumstellar disks. Lyα photons are generated at the accretion shocks and in the protostellar chromospheres and must travel through accretion flows, winds, and jets, the protoplanetary disks, and the interstellar medium before reaching the observer. This trajectory produces asymmetric, double-peaked features that carry kinematic and opacity signatures of the disk environments. To understand the link between the evolution of Lyα emission lines and the disks themselves, we model HST-COS spectra from targets included in Data Release 3 of the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards program. We find that resonant scattering in a simple spherical expanding shell is able to reproduce the high-velocity emission line wings, providing estimates of the average velocities within the bulk intervening H i. The model velocities are significantly correlated with the K-band veiling, indicating a turnover from Lyα profiles absorbed by outflowing winds to emission lines suppressed by accretion flows as the hot inner disk is depleted. Just 30% of targets in our sample have profiles with redshifted absorption from accretion flows, many of which have resolved dust gaps. At this stage, Lyα photons may no longer intersect with disk winds along the path to the observer. Our results point to a significant evolution of Lyα irradiation within the gas disks over time, which may lead to chemical differences that are observable with ALMA and JWST.
Tidal Disruption Events from Eccentric Orbits and Lessons Learned from the Noteworthy ASASSN-14ko
Authors: Liu 刘 Chang 畅 , Mockler Brenna , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Yarza Ricardo , Law-Smith Jamie A. P. , Naoz Smadar , Melchor Denyz , Rose Sanaea
Published: February 2023

Stars grazing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on bound orbits may survive tidal disruption, causing periodic flares. Inspired by the recent discovery of the periodic nuclear transient ASASSN-14ko, a promising candidate for a repeating tidal disruption event (TDE), we study the tidal deformation of stars approaching SMBHs on eccentric orbits. With both analytical and hydrodynamic methods, we show the overall tidal deformation of a star is similar to that in a parabolic orbit provided that the eccentricity is above a critical value. This allows one to make use of existing simulation libraries from parabolic encounters to calculate the mass fallback rate in eccentric TDEs. We find the flare structures of eccentric TDEs show a complicated dependence on both the SMBH mass and the orbital period. For stars orbiting SMBHs with relatively short periods, we predict significantly shorter-lived duration flares than those in parabolic TDEs, which can be used to predict repeating events if the mass of the SMBH can be independently measured. Using an adiabatic mass-loss model, we study the flare evolution over multiple passages, and show the evolved stars can survive many more passages than main-sequence stars. We apply this theoretical framework to the repeating TDE candidate ASASSN-14ko and suggest that its recurrent flares originate from a moderately massive (M ≳ 1 M
⊙), extended (likely ≈10 R
⊙), evolved star on a grazing, bound orbit around the SMBH. Future hydrodynamic simulations of multiple tidal interactions will enable realistic models on the individual flare structure and the evolution over multiple flares.
Data-constrained MHD Simulation of a Multi-ribbon Flare Corresponding to a Successful and a Confined Eruption
Authors: Fu Wentai , Guo Yang , Ding Mingde , Zhong Ze , Qiu Ye
Published: February 2023

The formation and eruption mechanisms of multi-ribbon flares are extremely complicated, especially when the flare is associated with homologous eruptions in the same region. In this paper, we investigate such an event, corresponding to a successful eruption and a confined eruption. This is an M7.1 flare, starting at 12:33 UT on 2011 September 24 in active region NOAA 11302. We obtain the coronal magnetic configuration for this region, using a nonlinear force-free field extrapolation based on the photospheric magnetogram at 12:00 UT. Taking this as the initial condition, we perform a data-constrained MHD simulation to study the evolution of the magnetic topology for this region. We analyze the magnetic null points and the 3D squashing degree for this region, indicating the existence of three flux ropes and two spine–fan structures. The model reproduces the rising processes of the two flux ropes, which form two homologous eruptions consistent with the observations as shown in 94 Å: a large-scale successful eruption that is followed by a small-scale confined eruption. By analyzing the magnetic configuration, the Lorentz force, and the decay index, we find that the torus instability plays an important role in driving the successful eruption of the large flux rope. The magnetic reconnection above the medium flux rope changes the direction of the overlying magnetic field, which provides a downward component of the Lorentz force to confine the eruption of the medium flux rope.
Re-evaluation of Cosmogenic 10Be Dating of the Ferromanganese Crust VA13/2 Archiving Interstellar Radionuclides on Earth
Authors: Koll Dominik , Lachner Johannes
Published: February 2023

Interstellar radionuclides, such as 60Fe, are produced in massive stars, ejected by supernovae and can be recovered in geological archives on Earth. Ferromanganese encrustations on the bottom of Earth’s major oceans represent one important geological archive with a time-record of interstellar radionuclides. The paper of Segl et al. provided the first cosmogenic 10Be dating of the ferromanganese crust VA13/2 in which interstellar 60Fe was discovered. After re-evaluation and comparison with other published and recently acquired data of the same crust, we conclude that the calculated 10Be/9Be data set is wrong by a factor of 9 due to a mathematical lapse. In addition, the ordinate of the corresponding 10Be/9Be graph is in discrepancy with the given data. The updated data set is now in agreement with recently published and acquired data.
Maximizing the reliability and the number of species assignments in metabarcoding studies using a curated regional library and a public repository
Authors: Bourret Audrey , Nozères Claude , Parent Eric , Parent Geneviève J.
Published: February 2023

Biodiversity assessments relying on DNA have increased rapidly over the last decade. However, the reliability of taxonomic assignments in metabarcoding studies is variable and affected by the reference databases and the assignment methods used. Species level assignments are usually considered as reliable using regional libraries but unreliable using public repositories. In this study, we aimed to test this assumption for metazoan species detected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the Northwest Atlantic. We first created a regional library (GSL-rl) by data mining COI barcode sequences from BOLD, and included a reliability ranking system for species assignments. We then estimated 1) the accuracy and precision of the public repository NCBI-nt for species assignments using sequences from the regional library and 2) compared the detection and reliability of species assignments of a metabarcoding dataset using either NCBI-nt or the regional library and popular assignment methods. With NCBI-nt and sequences from the regional library, the BLAST-LCA (least common ancestor) method was the most precise method for species assignments, but the accuracy was higher with the BLAST-TopHit method (>80% over all taxa, between 70% and 90% amongst taxonomic groups). With the metabarcoding dataset, the reliability of species assignments was greater using GSL-rl compared to NCBI-nt. However, we also observed that the total number of reliable species assignments could be maximized using both GSL-rl and NCBI-nt with different optimized assignment methods. The use of a two-step approach for species assignments, i.e., using a regional library and a public repository, could improve the reliability and the number of detected species in metabarcoding studies.
Gastrodia bawanglingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Hainan Island, China
Authors: Chen Zhi-Heng , Zhang Zhong-Yang , Song Xi-Qiang , Zhang Zhe
Published: February 2023

Gastrodia bawanglingensis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar toG. theana,G. albidoidesandG. albidawith dwarf habits, scarcely opening flowers, elongated fruit stems, curved and fleshy perianth tubes and similar columns and lips, but can be easily distinguished from them by having a pair of lateral wings bent outwards at the apex of the column and lateral wings with acuminate tips lower than the anther. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species is assessed as Endangered (EN). The plastome ofG. bawanglingensisis greatly reduced and reconfigured with approximately 30876 bp in size and 25.36% in GC content. Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic results based on chloroplast gene sequences support the recognition ofG. bawanglingensisas a new species withinGastrodia.
Que nous apprend la littérature récente sur la « nature et les causes de la richesse des nations » ?
Authors: Combes Jean-Louis , Combes Motel Pascale
Published: February 2023

Cette revue de la littérature est consacrée aux travaux récents traitant des causes ultimes du développement économique. L’article examine d’abord le rôle moteur joué par les règles du jeu social. Ensuite l’attention se porte sur le rôle des circonstances historiques. Enfin, il s’agit de comprendre comment la géographie peut influencer les trajectoires de développement. Les différentes contributions sont le plus souvent pluridisciplinaires et mobilisent de nouvelles bases de données. Les résultats trouvés dans cette littérature ne doivent pas conduire à penser qu’il existerait un déterminisme culturel, historique ou géographique au développement. C’est dire que les accidents de l’histoire et les décisions de politique économique peuvent aussi provoquer des changements durables dans les trajectoires de développement. Classification JEL : O10, O43, O57, N10, P51
Transforming food and agriculture: Competing visions and major controversies
Authors: Pimbert Michel
Published: February 2023

Deux modèles de développement opposés cherchent aujourd'hui à transformer radicalement l'alimentation et l'agriculture. Le premier se concentre sur la modernisation et le maintien du capitalisme à travers la promotion de la 4e révolution industrielle (4RI) dans l'alimentation et l'agriculture. La deuxième voie de transformation met l'accent sur la souveraineté alimentaire et l'agroécologie. Cet article met en évidence certaines des principales controverses et défis associés à chacune de ces deux approches de la transformation du système agroalimentaire. Plusieurs des développements les plus contestés dans les domaines écologique, discursif, économique et politique sont identifiés comme des moteurs majeurs de transformation aujourd'hui. Classification JEL : N5, D7, F0, F5
La Economía Social y Solidaria en América Latina y el Caribe Hacia la construcción de economías transformadoras y alternativas
Authors: Berlien Araos Karin , Cediel Morales Hans , Gómez Cuervo María Fernanda , Alvarez Castaño Rubiela
Published: February 2023

Cet article présente un premier bilan des résultats du « Forum social mondial des économies transformatrices et alternatives en Amérique latine » (en abrégé : FSMET Lac). Il a démarré en 2019, à l’initiative d’institutions latino-américaines (universités, organisations sociales et communautaires, collectifs et réseaux citoyens). Il a donné naissance à des réflexions communes, à partir d’échanges de savoirs, entre les différentes visions, projets et objectifs de solidarité économique dans le sous-continent. Ce processus a permis de reconnaître la diversité des expériences associatives dans le champ économique, leurs points communs, leurs priorités et leurs perspectives, enrichissant la discussion qui a lieu aujourd’hui dans le champ – à la fois théorique et appliqué – de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS), avec leurs implications dans les territoires et leurs institutions. Les réflexions théoriques, fondées sur des expériences pratiques, ont montré l’hétérogénéité de l’économie solidaire dans ses réponses à la crise du projet néolibéral qui se manifeste dans la relation du capital au travail et dans la domination du secteur financier sur le secteur productif, ainsi que dans l’aggravation de la santé publique provoquée par le Covid 19. Les points de convergence apparus pendant le FSMET Lac ont été : - Redécouvrir le vieux principe du « bien vivre », ce qui veut dire des économies et des formes d’organisation qui se soutiennent mutuellement dans une éthique relationnelle : entre les personnes, et entre les personnes et la nature. L’écoute, l’observation et l’action respectueuse sont essentielles. - Souligner l’importance de la coordination collective pour répondre aux nécessités productives et reproductives de la vie, en mettant au centre le droit des communautés à un travail qui permette une alimentation saine et la souveraineté alimentaire. - La nécessité de sentir, penser et mettre en place des économies au service de la vie. La méthodologie du dialogue des savoirs a permis d’articuler les apports des 118 intervenantes et intervenants venant de toute l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes, pendant une cinquantaine de rencontres en ligne. Au-delà de la présentation des alternatives économiques qui se développent, il y a eu des réflexions épistémologiques sur l’importance de l’art dans la représentation et la communication des savoirs, mais aussi comme moyen d’échange, notamment dans des espaces de savoirs et d’actions.
Les usages hétérogènes des réseaux sociaux au sein des organisations syndicales : entre ressources organisationnelles, expertise technique et savoir-faire militant
Authors: Benedetto-Meyer Marie , Willemez Laurent
Published: February 2023

Une étude des réseaux sociaux numériques dans les syndicats français montre en première analyse un écart important entre des confédérations, qui sont en général au mieux hésitantes et, au pire, indifférentes à leur usage, et des instances locales (unions départementales ou syndicats d’entreprise), pour lesquels on remarque des usages foisonnants et très divers, mais sans homogénéité. Pour comprendre cette différence, il faut étudier les ressources organisationnelles mobilisées pour permettre l’activité sur les réseaux et les aptitudes, les savoir-faire et les dispositions activés par les acteurs, mais aussi les ressources narratives que ces outils produisent. À partir d’une enquête par entretiens auprès de permanents confédéraux et de militants syndicaux locaux, nous montrons que la fragilité de leur usage au niveau confédéral est due à des rapports complexes à l’expertise et à la spécialisation professionnelle, qui conduisent à des formes d’activité prudentes. Au niveau local, les usages peuvent être plus nombreux et plus libres, s’appuyant sur des savoir-faire militants plus classiques.
Quand la maladie chronique s’impose : négociation entre travailleurs et organisation
Authors: Maclure Joanie , Therriault Pierre-Yves
Published: February 2023

Introduction Le travail constitue une occupation centrale chez les adultes. La présence d’une maladie chronique (MC) modifie le parcours des travailleurs qui en souffrent et peut affecter leur maintien en emploi (ME). Objectif Le but de l’étude est de mieux comprendre les stratégies visant le ME, déployées par des travailleurs vivant avec une maladie chronique (TVMC). Méthodes Un devis qualitatif inscrit dans une démarche de méthode de théorisation enracinée (MTE) a permis de documenter en profondeur le processus de ME des TVMC œuvrant dans une organisation responsable de la dispensation de soins de santé et de services sociaux au Québec (Canada). Résultats Afin de se maintenir en emploi, les TVMC négocient des stratégies dans différents contextes influencés par les caractéristiques personnelles et celles de la maladie, de même que par les impacts fonctionnels qu’engendre le problème de santé. Discussion Dans une perspective de promotion de la santé et de prévention primaire, une négociation collective des attributs organisationnels en complémentarité à une négociation individuelle ouvre une voie nouvelle pour la compréhension de ce phénomène. Conclusion Mondialement, les organisations se transforment avec la pandémie de Covid-19. Il serait primordial que lors d’une pareille transformation soient considérées les différences entre les travailleurs afin que les organisations soient plus inclusives.
Le rôle du patronat associatif dans l’éclatement conventionnel de la branche sanitaire, sociale et médico-sociale à but non lucratif
Authors: Cottin-Marx Simon
Published: February 2023

Dans cet article, nous interrogeons le rôle des acteurs « patronaux » dans la production de l’architecture conventionnelle de la branche sanitaire, sociale et médico-sociale à but non lucratif (BASS). La sociohistoire des syndicats d’employeurs que nous réalisons dans ce texte nous permet de comprendre leurs divisions et comment cela a participé à l’éclatement de ce secteur en différentes conventions collectives nationales (CCN) au cours des années 1960 à 1980, avant qu’ils ne s’unissent et créent une branche professionnelle en 1993. Après cette date, les relations entre organisations patronales sont mouvementées, mais elles finissent par converger ces dernières années sur le projet d’une CCN unique et étendue. Suivre ces évolutions nous permet d’observer ce que ce patronat associatif peut faire, mais aussi que l’État reste le principal financeur et régulateur de ce secteur professionnel et qu’il participe activement à la production des règles.
L’évolution de la départementalisation aux Antilles françaises : entre espérance et désenchantement
Authors: Daniel Justin
Published: February 2023

Après une brève introduction rappelant le contexte dans lequel l’administration coloniale a été mise en place, cet article retrace l’histoire administrative des Antilles françaises depuis la transformation en 1946 des colonies de Guadeloupe et de Martinique en départements d’outre-mer (départementalisation). Il est structuré autour de deux séries de considérations. D’une part, il s’efforce de montrer dans quelle mesure la départementalisation, fruit de demandes répétées des populations locales, a été, à plus d’un titre, vécue comme un espoir trahi, malgré les adaptations qui accompagnent sa mise en œuvre. D’autre part, il analyse les évolutions récentes de la gouvernance de ces territoires dues à un changement de paradigme, pour donner naissance à de véritables laboratoires d’ingénierie institutionnelle.
Départementalisation et assimilation : les cinq temps d’une histoire (1982-1946)
Authors: Combeau Yvan
Published: February 2023

Partant des débats parlementaires de l’automne 1982 sur les propositions du gouvernement de Pierre Mauroy pour la création d’une assemblée unique dans les départements d’Outre-mer, l’article dégage les principaux temps qui ont structuré l’histoire de la départementalisation à La Réunion sur quatre décennies. Le texte analyse la naissance de la loi du 19 mars 1946, les débats autour de cette « décolonisation intra-française », les attentes et les déceptions sur les années de la IV e  République et le temps des combats politiques entre départementalistes et autonomistes. Après l’alternance de mai 1981 sont examinées les évolutions institutionnelles proposées par la majorité de gauche et les confrontations politiques jusqu’à la décision du conseil constitutionnel en décembre 1982.
Les projets de départementalisation dans les terres françaises d’Océanie
Authors: Regnault Jean-Marc
Published: February 2023

Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les deux anciennes colonies françaises du Pacifique, la Nouvelle-Calédonie et les Établissements Français d’Océanie deviennent des Territoires d’Outre-mer et gardent leur spécialité législative. Celle-ci permet de préserver les privilèges d’une partie de la population, mais ouvre également la voie à l’autonomie. Pourtant, l’option départementale a été proposée sans succès par les dirigeants de la IV e  République et les premiers gouvernements de la V e  République. Quant aux élus des territoires, ils oscillent entre les demandes d’élargissement de l’autonomie et le souhait d’une départementalisation dans laquelle ils voient la disparition du système colonial. Après le vote des deux statuts d’autonomie en 1977, la départementalisation n’est plus d’actualité et les revendications portent sur un approfondissement de l’autonomie ou sur l’indépendance.
La « colonie dégénérée ». L’acclimatation au secours de l’agriculture et des hommes à l’île de La Réunion
Authors: Tomas Marc
Published: February 2023

Cet article s’intéresse aux réponses scientifiques données au xix e  siècle face aux épidémies qui frappent l’île de La Réunion. La science de l’acclimatation apporte alors un éclairage sur l’importance des préoccupations environnementales de l’époque et les changements de paradigme en cours au sein des sciences médicales. Médecins, pharmaciens, botanistes et autres membres de sociétés savantes locales tentent d’expliquer les origines des crises agricole et sanitaire, tous partagent un objectif commun : rétablir la bonne santé de la colonie.
Les Communards à la rencontre des révoltés Algériens de l’insurrection de 1871
Authors: Ouatmani Settar
Published: February 2023

En 1871, la France est touchée par l’insurrection d’al-Mokrani et de la Commune de Paris. Les tribunaux de France et d’Algérie ont condamné à la déportation en Nouvelle-Calédonie plus de 4 000 Communards et une centaine d’Algériens. Le hasard de l’histoire a fait que deux communautés que tout sépare (religions, coutumes, modes de vie…) vont se côtoyer durant toutes ces années depuis leur affectation dans les différents centres d’internement de France à leur départ en Nouvelle-Calédonie, à partir de 1873. Transportés sur les mêmes bateaux, les Communards et les révoltés algériens vivent avec l’espoir commun d’un prochain retour. L’amnistie votée en faveur des seuls Communards, en 1880, éloigne géographiquement ces deux communautés. De retour en France, certains Communards ne ménagent pas leurs efforts pour demander la grâce pour leurs anciens compagnons de détention, en multipliant les rencontres et les pétitions. L’administration française reste insensible à tous ces appels à caractère humanitaire jusqu’en 1895. Un groupe d’Algériens a pourtant fini par s’enraciner en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Les disparus d’Algérie après les accords d’Évian : un angoissant mystère qui s’épaissit entre 1967 et 1992
Authors: Laribi Soraya
Published: February 2023

Que sont devenus les disparus d’Algérie après les accords d’Évian ? Le secrétaire d’État aux Affaires algériennes, Jean de Broglie, estimait le dossier clos et avait fait distribuer des jugements déclaratifs de décès avant que sa mission ne prenne fin le 8 janvier 1966. Fustigeant la paucité des déclarations et des actions étatiques, l’Association pour la Sauvegarde des Familles et Enfants de Disparus (ASFED) décide de poursuivre les investigations. Elle accompagne plusieurs familles dès 1967 et dresse des listes de disparus, récolte des témoignages, écrit aux parlementaires. Commence néanmoins, à partir des années 1980, une phase de mystification qui décrédibilise sa cause obérant les recherches des (et sur les) disparus.
Safety, tolerability, and acceptability of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) in pregnant women at high-risk of preterm birth
Authors: Bayar E. , MacIntyre D.A. , Sykes L. , Mountain K. , Parks T.P. , Lee P.P. , Bennett P.R.
Published: February 2023

The vaginal microbiota is a determinant for the risk of preterm birth (PTB). Dominance of the vaginal niche by Lactobacillus crispatus associates with term delivery. This is the first observational clinical study of live vaginal biotherapeutics (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V)) in pregnant women at high-risk of PTB. The primary aim was to explore safety, tolerability and acceptability of LACTIN-V in pregnancy. Women were offered a course of LACTIN-V at 14 weeks gestation for five consecutive days followed by weekly administration for six weeks. Participants were followed up at 15, 18-, 20-, 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation and at delivery for assessment of adverse events, compliance and tolerability. Participants completed a questionnaire to gauge experience and acceptability. In total, 73 women were recruited, of whom eight withdrew, leaving a final cohort size of 61. Self-reported compliance to the course was high (56/60, 93%). Solicited adverse events were reported in 13 women (19%) including changes in vaginal discharge, odour, colour or consistency of urine, itching and vaginal bleeding. One unsolicited adverse event was reported as haematuria at 38 weeks gestation, but was judged to be unrelated to LACTIN-V. No serious adverse events occurred. One mild adverse event led to study withdrawal. Thirty-one women completed an experience and acceptability questionnaire. Women found LACTIN-V easy and comfortable to use and the majority (30/31, 97%) would use LACTIN-V in future pregnancies. Eight women (8/31, 26%) found the schedule of use difficult to remember. The rate of PTB <34 weeks in this cohort was 3.3% compared to 7% in a historical cohort of 2,190 women at similar background PTB risk. With satisfactory uptake and good compliance, we demonstrate that LACTIN-V is safe and accepted in pregnancy, with high tolerability. Further studies are needed to assess colonisation of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 and clinical efficacy.
CDA-SKAG: Predicting circRNA-disease associations using similarity kernel fusion and an attention-enhancing graph autoencoder
Authors: Wang Huiqing , Han Jiale , Li Haolin , Duan Liguo , Liu Zhihao , Cheng Hao
Published: February 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a category of circular non-coding RNA molecules whose abnormal expression is closely associated with the development of diseases. As biological data become abundant, a lot of computational prediction models have been used for circRNA–disease association prediction. However, existing prediction models ignore the non-linear information of circRNAs and diseases when fusing multi-source similarities. In addition, these models fail to take full advantage of the vital feature information of high-similarity neighbor nodes when extracting features of circRNAs or diseases. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model, CDA-SKAG, which introduces a similarity kernel fusion algorithm to integrate multi-source similarity matrices to capture the non-linear information of circRNAs or diseases, and construct a circRNA information space and a disease information space. The model embeds an attention-enhancing layer in the graph autoencoder to enhance the associations between nodes with higher similarity. A cost-sensitive neural network is introduced to address the problem of positive and negative sample imbalance, consequently improving our model's generalization capability. The experimental results show that the prediction performance of our model CDA-SKAG outperformed existing circRNA–disease association prediction models. The results of the case studies on lung and cervical cancer suggest that CDA-SKAG can be utilized as an effective tool to assist in predicting circRNA–disease associations.
Toward an Effective Model for Evaluating Distance Education
Authors: Amraouy Mohammed , Bellafkih Mostafa , Bennane Abdellah , Talaghzi Jallal
Published: February 2023

Distance education has become popular due to their ability to provide learning from almost anywhere and anytime. COVID-19 forced educational institutions to urgently introduce distance education to ensure pedagogical continuity, so all stakeholders were invited to adapt to this new paradigm. In order to identify strengths and weaknesses, the research focuses on the need to create an effective mechanism for evaluating distance education. The aims of this research were to explore and evaluate the use of digital media in general and official platforms in particular in distance education practices. To this end, we have developed and validated a questionnaire before administering it to a sample of 431 teachers in Morocco. Teachers reported lower knowledge and skills in the didactic use of ICT in the distance education process. In addition, although age and educative experience of the teachers continue to modulate the level of instrumental skills. Therefore, resources (digital resources and infrastructure) and the teachers’ ICT training present serious limitations, which require a training more focused on the distance educational paradigm and educational environments that allow teachers to create educational activities able to promote and facilitate the distance learning process.
Intelligent Blockchain-Based Secure Framework for Transaction in Mobile Electronic Payment System
Authors: Adil. O. Y. Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The rate of smartphone purchases is rising daily, and mobile payments are now frequently accepted in various areas. It is essential to transfer money completely safe as well as quick. The encrypted distributed ledgers function provides verified real-time transaction confirmation without the necessity for intermediaries like banks and clearinghouses; blockchain provide quick, secure, decentralized, and inexpensive transaction services. Blockchain technology makes money transfer simpler with transparency and financial data security. Through these capabilities, blockchain has attracted interest from around the world. However, some challenges arise while completing some financial security needs. This work proposes a framework for secure mobile payments based on blockchain technology. The advantages of blockchain are discussed and how blockchain technology provides multi-level authentication to secure mobile based financial transactions. Due to the increased safety and confidentiality of users on mobile payment apps, the suggested system takes into account the need of developing a safe application for the mobile transactions. We have also addressed the security related challenges of blockchain based payment applications and provided potential solutions.