bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation keeping method of weakly driven multi robot in time-varying flow field
Authors: Wang Ting , Sui Jianghua
Published: September 2020

In order to solve the problem that group formation control and optimal path cannot be considered simultaneously for weakly driven multi robot under the influence of environmental flow field, a method combining time-optimal path planning and leader-follower formation control is proposed in this paper. The time-optimal path of the leader is obtained by level set method, and the formation keeping is based on this path. According to the position of the leader and the reachable set of the follower at a certain time, the position of the follower is determined by solving the formation optimization function, and the complete path is completed by solving the formation optimization problem iteratively. While the formation optimization function maintains the group formation, the reachable set generated by the level set method ensures the feasibility of the path obtained in the time-varying strong flow.
Analyzing trade data between Fujian Free Trade Zone and Taiwan based on the gravity model
Authors: Tsai Jui-Jung , Wang Yang-Chao , You En
Published: September 2020

Using panel data of 19 major trading regions in Fujian from 2001 to 2017, this study employs two directional (import and export) trade gravity models to evaluate the current trade status and trade potential of Fujian. As the closer economic and trade cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits strengthens, it is of great significance to investigate how the Fujian Free Trade Zone can further promote cross-strait development. The results show that Fujian’s imports and exports to Taiwan were in an abnormal state, with imports showing “over-trading” and exports showing “under-trading”. The main reason is that Fujian presents trade subsidies in imports, while Taiwan has hidden barriers in exports. This study uses empirical results to emphasize the need for further economic integration and development between Fujian and Taiwan. In terms of population, the Fujian Free Trade Zone needs to focus on introducing talents and industrial integration at various levels. Culturally, Fujian should strengthen cross-strait cultural exchanges, reduce information asymmetry, and lower cultural barriers to promote cross-strait economic and trade development.
Data analysis of factors influencing consumers’ payment price of traceable food
Authors: Li Xia , Huang Heliang
Published: September 2020

Taking infant formula milk powder, an important food, as an example, this paper selects a total of 12 explanatory variables from three aspects: personal characteristics, family factors and psychological factors, takes consumers’ willingness to pay for food traceability labels as dependent variable Y, and adopts binary logistic regression model to understand and analyze the influencing factors of consumers’ willingness to pay for food traceability labels with big data collection and analysis. The results show that consumers’ age, education background, monthly family income, consumers’ trust in traceable labels and total family population will significantly affect consumers’ willingness to pay for food traceability labels; specifically, younger consumers are more willing to pay for food traceability labels, consumers with higher education are more inclined to pay for food traceability labels, consumers with higher income are more inclined to pay for food traceability labels, consumers with higher education are more inclined to pay for food traceability labels, and consumers with high trust in traceability labels are more inclined to pay for food traceability labels.
An empirical research on the Non-Linear effect of financial asset allocation on the development of main business
Authors: Ren Keke
Published: September 2020

With respect to the hot issue of “breaking away from entity economy, and transforming to virtual economy” in Chinese economy over the years, an empirical test is carried out in the paper considering the influence of financial asset allocation on the development of main business in entity enterprises by regarding A-share entity enterprises in Henan Province from 2009 to 2018 as the research samples. According to the research, entity enterprises in Henan Province are of huge differences in financial asset allocation and in general, the configuration level is not high, and the main business is facing lower operating incomes. From the perspective of different industries, financial asset allocation of enterprises in the manufacturing industry presents U-shaped relations with the development of main business, and when the level of financial asset allocation in enterprises reaches to 10.47%, incomes obtained by financial asset allocation can promote the development of main business, but the above effect isn’t obvious in other industries. The research conclusion made in the paper is that entity enterprises can benefit more by making reasonable investment decisions, improving the utilization rate of idle funds, perfecting the effectiveness of financial market, and depositing into financial institutions, and these effects can provide the major basis to realize “the mutual promotion of finance and industry”.
Intelligent chat robot in digital campus based on deep learning
Authors: Liang Yujie , Yu Ying , Ouyang Wenhao
Published: September 2020

In this paper, two different technologies are adopted to realize the digital campus intelligent chatbot. The robot has three core modules: chat module, campus information module and virtual teaching assistant module. For chat module, this paper uses Encoder-Decoder framework. For the campus information module and virtual teaching assistant module, this paper pursue high precision and adopt retrieval mode. In practice, the two modules implemented by different technical means complement each other, greatly improving the user experience of students.
Internal control quality, equity pledge financing and investment efficiency
Authors: Mu Wen , Zhou Yuetian , Cao Qilin
Published: September 2020

In the present situation of difficult enterprise-financing, the equity pledge of corporate controlling shareholders is a effective channel for enterprises to relieve financing constraints. Whether an enterprise can formulate a reasonable investment policy to obtain investment income effectively and achieve financial goals, determines whether an enterprise can develop in the long-tern future. The target of this paper is to approach how the investment efficiency of an enterprise will change with the increase in the portion of controlling shareholder equity pledge (CSEQ), and how the internal control system of the enterprise regulates the contact between controlling shareholder equity pledge and investment efficiency. The article found that the controlling shareholder’s equity pledge (CSEQ) affects the enterprise’s inefficient investment behavior, and the controlling shareholder’s equity pledge ratio has a positive interrelationship with the inefficient investment. According to the previous studies, this paper carries out further research, innovatively introduces the internal control quality index, discusses the influence of internal control quality on equity pledge and investment efficiency sensitivity. The result show that the higher internal control quality can restrain the excessive investment behavior of enterprises
Statistical analysis and prediction based on recursive calculation under short and long term models
Authors: Liu Zhang
Published: September 2020

One of the most critical factors for economic growth is population issue, which is also a key factor restricting the development of a country. Currently, the population aging process has accelerated, the number of birth sex ratios has continued to rise, and the rural population has been urbanized. Based on the recursive calculation method, the relevant population short-term growth prediction model and long-term growth prediction model are established in this paper. According to the census data, the future possible number is predicted. Practice has proved that our prediction results are basically in line with China’s development.
Charitable donation, managerial power, and sustainable development of enterprises—based on data analysis of Chinese listed companies
Authors: Guo Furong , Yang Wei , Gan Shengdao , Liu Xinyun
Published: September 2020

As an important strategic enterprise decision, charitable donation plays an important role in the operation and growth of enterprises, and managers can have an important impact on the selection and implementation of enterprise strategies. Therefore, we used data analysis methods to test the relationship between managerial power and philanthropic donation on the sustainable development of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2017. The result shows that charitable donation can promote the sustainable development of enterprises, while managerial power plays a negative regulatory role in the development. The findings provide empirical evidences for us to combine corporate donation and management power when considering the promotion of sustainable development of enterprises.
Application of big data technology in prediction and prevention of rock burst
Authors: Shi Junwei , Meng Xiangrui , Chen Zhangliang , Wu Xueyi
Published: September 2020

Coal and rock dynamic disasters, especially the impact ground pressure dynamic disasters, are major safety technical problems in deep resources mining in China. In view of the basic theory and key technology of ground pressure monitoring and early warning during coal mining, in order to reveal the scale and timing effect of physical field response and the relation with energy accumulation-release, the cooperative relation and equivalent transformation mode of multi-field multi-parameter precursor information, constructing the monitoring and warning index system, big data technology is used to study the characteristics of ground pressure stress-energy-physical parameter coupling feed-off and time-space evolution, while considering the whole mechanical process of ground pressure development, and establish the theory and model of multi-field multi-parameter monitoring and early warning under the background of big data based on space-time complementarity; The purpose of this paper is to establish the theory and method of intelligent identification and early warning of impact ground pressure through studying the intelligent identification method and expert system of the main control factors, disaster risk and precursor information of impact ground pressure under big data. In order to ensure the correctness and accuracy of monitoring information, construct the integrated monitoring and warning technology of shock ground pressure-electric-seismic multi-source information under the complex geological conditions of coal mine, this paper on the one hand studies the accurate monitoring, extraction and identification theory and optimization algorithm of shock ground pressure precursor information based on multi-parameter information fusion, on the other hand develops the active controllable stress inversion technology and equipment based on vibration wave CT, the continuous real-time monitoring theory method of ground stress, and ultra-low frequency electromagnetic radiation monitoring technology. Finally the theory and technology system of impact ground pressure risk identification and monitoring can be concluded.
Research on the influence of physician-work environment fitting on turnover intention-mediating role of job burnout
Authors: Wang Xiuqin , Cheng Xiao , Chen Li
Published: September 2020

From the perspective of Person-environment fit (PEF), this paper tooks job burnout as a mediating variable to study the influence of physician-work environment fitting on turnover intention. The mediating model of physician-work environment fitting, job burnout and turnover intention was fitted through the questionnaire survey results of 250 physicians in class3-A hospitals in Hubei province. The mediating effect accounts for 47.4% of the total effect between the two. The fitting degree between physicians-work environment in the class3-A hospitals in Hubei province was general (5.62+0.75), and the burnout situation and turnover tendency were not obvious (3.46+0.91, 3.67+1.34). The fitting degree between physicians and hospitals, as well as colleagues were important factors affecting the turnover of physician. In order to alleviate physicians burnout and reduce the turnover rate, the hospital should promote the cooperation and communication between physicians, face up to and meet the economic and psychological needs of physicians, and improve the fitting degree between physician-work environment. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the intervention of the hospital environment.
Optimization of the speed regulation performance of a rubber belt CVT for a vehicle
Authors: Dong Jihao
Published: September 2020

The structure of a CVT in a vehicle is explained, and its characteristics is analyzed. The optimal scheme is selected, according to the influence of various parameters on the speed regulation characteristics of the transmission. The results show that the speed regulation performance can be optimized by changing the structure of the transmission, and the state of working near the maximum power point can be maintained for the engine. Compared with the general transmission, CVT (continuously variable transmission) has the advantages of simple operation, smooth transmission, less noise and small size. The speed regulation characteristics of the rubber belt CVT refers to the CVT’s own structure is changed with the changing driving conditions of the vehicle, so that it can achieve the purpose of a better speed regulation. CVT’s speed regulation characteristics affect the degree of matching between CVT and the vehicle’s power transmission system, and the power transmission performance of the whole vehicle.
An analysis and empirical study on the related factors of college oral English teaching reform
Authors: Shi Moli , Cui Faqiang
Published: September 2020

In order to effectively improve college students’ oral English expression ability, this article uses continuous innovation to improve the evaluation teaching method for the first time, facing 90 first-year students of 2019 university, and has carried out two consecutive semesters of reform. The SPSS software was used to conduct sample t-test on the three oral comprehensive evaluation data before, during and after the reform. It is concluded that the continuous reform of “thinking, practice and innovation” for more than one year can greatly help college students to effectively improve their oral expression ability, but it cannot exceed the correctness of traditional teaching methods in language form. At the end of the article, it is innovative to put forward the simultaneous reform of reading teaching and listening teaching, which can shorten the period of oral teaching reform and accelerate the improvement of comprehensive oral ability.
Impacts of debate instruction on students’ critical thinking skills in College EFL Classes: an empirical investigation
Authors: Li Qianmei , Li Yihan , Shen Yan
Published: September 2020

In view of the absence of critical thinking skills of college students, this research is aimed at implementing the debate instruction based on Paul-Elder Model in College English teaching for the improvement of college students’ critical thinking skills, and tests its effectiveness through a semester’s experiment. The results show that the implementation of debate instruction in College English teaching can significantly improve college students’ critical thinking skills, and the debate instruction based on Paul-Elder Model contribute to the whole dimensions of students’ critical skills, including clarity, precision, accuracy, significance, relevance, completeness, logicalness, fairness, breadth and depth.
Flow visualization over an Indian auto-rickshaw model
Authors: Abbey Saransh , Singh Pratyush Kumar , Singh Neha , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

From the late twentieth century, spark-ignition engine powered Indian auto-rickshaw is treated as the most common mode of transportation for rural and urban area activities. This three-wheeler vehicle is found to be an economic mode of transport for shorter distances. This study focuses on the flow visualization over the vehicle using smoke based visualization technique. The visualization is achieved by using a monochromatic laser sheet on the vehicle with seeding particles at various operating conditions. This visualization study helps researchers to understand the external flow physics. The results in terms of flow pattern obtained with the visualization gives an understanding of the wake formation by the vehicle. The results also indicate the presence of complex flow around the vehicle.
Rotary vanes to increase turbulence in a can type combustor
Authors: Jesurajanishanth G , Arivazhagan A , Khandai Suresh Chandra
Published: September 2020

This project presents the design of a combustor with rotary vanes at the diffuser section and analyzing it’s turbulence and velocity characteristics. Rotary vanes with 2-blade, 4-blade and 8-blade configuration are analyzed and compared. The model with the better turbulent characteristics is selected and is then compared with the conventional combustor model with swirl. Cold flow analysis is carried out to understand the turbulence of air and the velocity fluctuations inside the chamber. In this study the attempt has been made by using CFD approach.
Drag measurement of an Indian auto-rickshaw model
Authors: Singh Pratyush Kumar , Singh Neha , Abbey Saransh , Kannan BT
Published: September 2020

Indian vehicle auto-rickshaw is considered as the most common and economical mode of transportation for day to day activities. It plays an important role in the automobile sector both in urban and rural areas. The present study is about external aerodynamics of the vehicle considered which was tested in a subsonic wind tunnel. The forces acting on the vehicle especially the drag component was measured for various operating conditions. The drag forces were measured by load balance that consists of a load cell which is calibrated against known loads. The results obtained with the model helps in the understanding of physics of the flow behind it. The results also suggest that the vehicle is moderately bluff to the flow and needs aerodynamics optimization.
Control of sonic jets by fluidic injection
Authors: Kailash G , Aravindh Kumar S M
Published: September 2020

The present experimental study aims at investigating the effect of fluidic injection by means of air tabs on the core of circular and square sonic jets issuing from orifice at different levels of underexpansion. The experiments were conducted by varying the injection pressure ratio (IPR) from 3 to 5 for a fixed nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) 3, 4 or 5. Shadowgraph visualization was used to quantify core length of jet with and without fluidic injection. The injection in both circular and square sonic jets resulted in reduction of core length at all the NPRs. For each NPR, the maximum and minimum core length reductions occurred at IPRs 5 and 3, respectively, showing that the mixing promotion in circular or noncircular sonic jets is influenced by momentum of the injected jet. Among the NPRs, the reduction in core length was maximum at NPR 3 and minimum at NPR 5 for both circular and square jets at all the IPRs. The injection caused a highest reduction in the core of square jet than the circular jet all NPRs except NPR 5. A highest reduction of about 50% was achieved at NPR 3 and IPR 5 for square jet.
Control of mach 2 jet using sonic coflow
Authors: Sharma Keshav Ramesh , Akash A , Vishal R , Rajkumar S , Bharadwaj K K , Aravindh Kumar S M
Published: September 2020

An experimental investigation was done to understand the effect of sonic coflow jet on the core length of Mach 2 jet at different levels of expansion. The sonic jet surrounding the primary Mach 2 jet was produced using a sonic nozzle, whereas a convergent-divergent nozzle was used for Mach 2 jet. The annular gap between the sonic and supersonic nozzles was 1mm. For a fixed main jet NPR, the NPR of the sonic jet was varied from 4 to 6 (in steps of 1), which correspond to underexpanded levels of the sonic jet. The NPR of Mach 2 jet was varied from 4 to 6, which correspond to overexpanded states of Mach 2 jet. Without sonic coflow, the core length of Mach 2 jet was found to increase with the increase of NPR which was quantified using shadowgraph visualization. For all the main jet NPRs, the increase in coflow NPR resulted in the increase of core length. For each NPR of Mach 2 jet, the core length increases with the increase of coflow NPR. The maximum core length for NPRs 4 to 6 was at coflow NPR of 6 and minimum was at coflow NPR 4. The sonic coflow was found to retard the mixing of Mach 2 jet at all the pressure ratios, but it resulted in weakening the strength of waves present in the core of Mach 2 jet.
Seating comfort analysis: a virtual ergonomics study of bus drivers in private transportation
Authors: Gowtham S , Ramnaath M , Sudharsan S , Lalith Kumar B V , Praneeth V , Dinesh S. , Subramaniyam Murali
Published: September 2020

Background: Seating comfort is one of the most important indicators of the performance of automotive seats. Seat is one of the places in the vehicle where most of the drivers spent driving. A good seat can prevent a lot of painful disorders including low back pain, which is typical of bad posture. Driver posture is one of the most important issues that need to be considered in the vehicle seat design process. Research Gap: Around the world, there have been many studies on seating comfort including car seats, truck seats, bus seats, train seats, etc. However, in India there are not many studies focusing on bus drivers seating comfort. Objective: This study aimed at investigating bus drivers seating comfort in private transportation using virtual ergonomics. Methods: We have considered a group of male bus drivers with different percentiles. And, we have selected a bus seat typically used in private transportation. The anthropometry of drivers and dimensions of the seat has been measured and modelled in the virtual environment (CATIA V6). For the seating comfort analysis, RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) analysis was performed. Results and Discussion: The RULA score revealed that the drivers with 77th to 94th percentile felt comfortable with the seat. The rest had higher RULA scores and felt discomfort. Conclusion: The bus seat design needs to be changed by considering Indian anthropometry. Also, this study only examined a few subjects; hence, further investigation would give better recommendations. Application: The benefit of virtual ergonomics is used in this project. The methodology used in this study could be used for other seat studies.
Preliminary aeroacoustic measurements of conditioned jet flow from a circular nozzle
Authors: Dubey Pujan , Pramod Malandkar Yash , Tiwari Lakshya , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

The present study deals with the design, development, and fabrication of a nozzle with flowconditioning assembly and using it to study jet flow acoustics. The flow is conditioned by severalmeans before the nozzle exits and the conditioned flow is allowed to exit the nozzle as jet. Thisconditioned jet flow produces aerodynamically generated noise and the same is measured using amicrophone. The microphone is placed perpendicular to the jet axis and the measurements arerecorded for various regimes. The results will be discussed based on the acoustic spectra and thejet decay characteristics.
Stress analysis of different types of cages in cervical vertebrae: a finite element study
Authors: Choudhury Sandeep , Raja D , Roy Sandipan , Datta Shubhabrata
Published: September 2020

To facilitate cervical fusion, cervical cages filled with bone or bone substitute are inserted between the vertebrae. To improve the subsidence of the cage and to avoid its post-surgical migration, design optimization concept is being employed in the present work. In this study, finite element method is being used to design several cervical cages with varying shapes and sizes. The cages are designed using Solid modeling software. Finite element analysis (FEA) optimization is done by varying the material properties as well as shapes and sizes of the cage. Stress analysis has been performed using FEA in the cervical vertebrae C3-C4 for the different types of cages.
Finite element analysis of patellofemoral joint prosthetics
Authors: Anilkumar Shreya , Ashokkumar D , Raja D , Karthik Varshini
Published: September 2020

Prosthetics have been existed from the times of the old. Prosthetics were utilized numerous applications: work, restorative appearance and aesthetics from time of the Egyptians, profound feeling of being entirety. Chronic knee conditions such as Chondromalacia patella is one of the knee joint is an disability that influences the ligament of the patella and is additionally regularly called sprinters knee. It cause torment on the patellar part of knee and furthermore require supplanting medical procedure for influenced knee with counterfeit segments. Kneecap typically dwells over the front of your knee joint. At the point when you twist your knee, the posterior of your kneecap floats over the ligament of your femur, or thigh bone, at the knee. Ligaments and tendons connect your kneecap to your knee thigh muscle. At the point when any of these parts neglects to move appropriately, it can make your kneecap rub facing your thigh bone. The substitution of the entire knee is a tedious and maximally obtrusive procedure. Hence forth a patellofemoral embed can help in just be restricted cure but then take care of the issue caused due to chondromalacia. The patellofemoral CT images will be segmented and smoothed using MIMICS 21.0 software. This allows for meshing and assigning material properties to the bone to check how the bone interacts with the implants. Material properties are assigned using ANSYS Mechanical APDL 18.The mechanical properties of two implant materials are compared to view the results. The scope of the project is that it is beneficial in the prosthetic industry as it can provide patients with the less painful method of replacement and hence they will be able to do their normal daily activities. Which can be for the betterment of athletes and runner and other targeted condromlacic patients. The aim is to carry out Finite Element Modeling and analysis of Prosthetic for patellofemoral region. The objective is to carry out segmentation and thresholding of a CT image. Studying the various material properties that will used for prosthesis for the Patellofemoral region and to undertake a comparative Finite Element Analysis of the compatible materials. The comparison between bio-compatible materials like carbon fiber and HDPE and check as to which would be the better implant material, its feasibilty and availability and also to design and create a 3D model of the is the main aim of the study.
Comparison of deep learning models for predictive maintenance
Authors: Naren R , Subhashini J
Published: September 2020

There is a clear intersection between the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). IoT is about connecting machines and making use of the data generated from those machines. AI is about simulating intelligent behaviour in machines of all kinds. As IoT devices will generate vast amounts of data, then AI will be functionally necessary to deal with these huge volumes if we’re to have any chance of making sense of the data. AI is beneficial for both real-time and post event processing: Post event processing – identifying patterns in data sets and running predictive analytics, e.g. the correlation between traffic congestion, air pollution and chronic respiratory illnesses within a city centre. Real-time processing – responding quickly to conditions and building up knowledge of decisions about those events, e.g. remote video camera reading license plates for parking payments.
Characterization of fully lamellar Ti6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Dodla Srihari , Anirudh M , Rohith E , Vinay Kumar Reddy S
Published: September 2020

The high mechanical strength of the lamellar Ti-6Al-4V extruded rod was characterized. The grain morphology of the extruded Ti-6Al-4V rod was investigated by optical microscopy. The microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy consists of very fine α lamella of approximately 2.5 µm in thickness and β lamella with 1 µm thickness. Besides, a numerical model has been presented that reproduces the morphology of the lamellar colonies. In particular, the representative volume element with 512 elements, 4096 elements and, 32768 elements are studied with the C3D8 linear element. Experimental and numerical comparisons of the lamellae morphology have been presented.
Vibration analysis of metal – polymer sandwich structure incorporated in car bonnet
Authors: Deepak S , Vigneshwaran K , Vinoth Babu N
Published: September 2020

The weight of the car material plays an important role in its performance in terms of fuel efficiency, speed and smoke emission. Especially in hybrid electric vehicles, lightweight materials are important for balancing the weight of its electrical components and also to enhance vehicle speed on account of its comparative low mileage. Nowadays, aluminium, magnesium and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites (CFRP) were introduced in making of car body panels since those materials can improve its performance. Yet the material costs, fibre orientation and fabrication techniques in case of CFRP in mass production remains a question. Also, the interior of the car panels was filled with vibration barriers or isolators with considerable thickness which can also add weight to the car. Hence a sandwich structure is presented in this work where the polyurethane foam of higher thickness (core) is bonded between two thin metallic face sheets (skin). The polyurethane foam was chosen as the core because of its low density, porosity and viscoelastic behaviour where it can provide better damping capabilities. Hence, the foam can also help in reducing the volume of internal vibration isolators. Since the car bonnet receives the vibration from sources like aerodynamic exposure to air during travel and mechanical movements within the vehicle (engine operation), it was chosen as the subject for vibration analysis.
A review on development of rapid numerical quadrature in finite element method
Authors: Sai Chandra V , Jayakarthikeyan P V
Published: September 2020

Typical problem areas of interest include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential. The analytical solution of these problems generally requires the solution to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. In particular, the focus will be on the Finite Element Method and its application to linear and nonlinear problems. Aim of the present proposal is to: initiate the investigation on the Universal Matrix method which is introduced presently for linear elastic and transient heat transfer problems when applied to non-linear elastic and inelastic problems. Multiple databases are searched for literature and limiting to last ten years. The keywords selected for the search were a combination of the nonlinear heat transient, inelastic problems. Universal Matrix Method applied to nonlinear heat transient & inelastic problems which a time is reducing than the existing methods like Gauss Quadrature methods, etc. Research on usage of various methods other than Gauss Quadrature method applied to linear problems extended to nonlinear heat transient & inelastic problems.
Lateral and torsional vibration analysis of composite shaft
Authors: Rajkiran U , Vinoth A , Jegadeesan K , Shravankumar C
Published: September 2020

In Energy Industries reliability of rotating equipment’s plays a key role in overall plant reliability and safer operation, in fact maintaining these equipment’s in larger scale is a challenging task. The magnitude of vibration in rotating equipment’s is high when the rotor excitation force coincides with the natural frequency. This paper deals with the comparison study on existing steel shaft over laminated composite shaft’s lateral and torsional critical speed, which aims to optimize the natural frequency. The rotor system model represented here is undamped, without disc and simply supported with bearing for lateral vibration analysis and considering two discs at ends for torsional vibration analysis. The analysis report represents the comparison of both steel and laminated composite shaft, which features with Campbell diagram.
Numerical prediction of deflection of a cylindrical hollow structure due to steady wind loads
Authors: Shravankumar C , Gowtham S , Lalith Kumar B V , Praneeth V , Siva Krishna Reddy D
Published: September 2020

A raising population and to meet the raising needs there is an increasing demand for tall structure both for commercial use and industrial purpose. Wind behaviour is a key design parameter for such structures and need to be assessed accurately in the preliminary and secondary design stages. This study is aimed at prediction and analysis of deflection of hollow structure due to steady wind loads. Hollow structures typically represent chimneys that are used in the coal fired stream power plant. A hollow cylindrical part with base diameter of 6 cm is fabricated and tested in wind tunnel at constant speeds of 10, 15 and 20 m/s. An accelerometer is mounted on top of body to measure the deflection. Next, the deflection of the body is predicted numerically using commercial ANSYS software. Initially Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to predict the flow field and associated wind force acting on the body. The wind load is transferred to the structural solver to predict the deflection of the body. The predicted deflection compared well with the wind tunnel experiments. Further FSI simulations are performed by changing the thickness of the hollow structure. The results are analysed to study the effect of wind speed and thickness on the deflection. A cubic polynomial curve-fit for the deflection, as a function of the wind speed is developed.
Design & Analysis of Assembled Teeth Spur Gear
Authors: Arun Prasath C T , Lakshmankumar Abburi
Published: September 2020

Gears are the most important components in modern mechanical engineering world. The use of gears has more common in all the industries. The advantages of spur gear are simplicity in design and can be manufactured easily, economically and less maintenance. At present scenario gears plays an important role in wide space of research especially in gear motors, gear pumps, electromechanical actuators and drive shafts for the car etc. Gears predominantly fail in contact fatigue mode (pitting/spalling) due to combined rolling and sliding motion. Pitting initiation has been experimentally investigated by many researchers under different loading and operating conditions. Contact and Bending stresses at pitch point happened due to a close agreement. The highest probability of pitting/bending failure initiation is observed in single tooth contact region due to full load sharing and the chance of contact fatigue failure is more in comparison to bending fatigue failure. But if the failure happened in teeth - entire gear is replacing. So, it is so expensive. Our Aim is to design and study the failures of assembled teeth spur gear. In this work, we are going to do conceptual design to detail design with CAD Model and proceed to check the failures using Analysis Tool. Aim to find out the contact stresses and deflection by using Solid works and Ansys software’s.
Finite Element Modeling and Validation of a Human Foot through experimental studies
Authors: Vijayaragavan E , Gopal T V
Published: September 2020

The mechanical experimentation in human beings is practically very difficult due to various laws and procedures. The use of Finite Element (FE) model of the human parts has a significant effect in research. Foot, the most complex structure in human body consists of 26 bones and 33 joints. As reported in the existing literatures, several finite element foot models are developed by imposing simplifications on its anatomy by considering the ligaments as tension free link element, which has a significant variance compared to the experimental results. This paper attempts to develop and validate a realistic finite element model of a normal human foot with bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments mimicking the actual foot using Image Reconstruction Techniques (IRT). The finite element analysis on this model is performed to simulate the balanced standing condition by applying the necessary loading and boundary conditions. Under balanced standing condition, a maximum Von Mises stress of 0.139 MPa is observed in the heel region. For validating the results obtained from finite element analysis, the experimental studies with (i) Moticon insole and (ii) Noraxon’s FDM-T SciFit Treadmill is conducted, which provided a variation of 4.3 % and 0.7 % respectively with FE studies.
Modelling and design of a drain cleaning robot
Authors: Fouziya Sulthana S , Vibha K. , Kumar Sudhanshu , Mathur Sneha , Mohile Tarang Ashutosh
Published: September 2020

Underground sewers collect waste from domestic and industrial buildings. These pipes are designed to carry only liquid and semi-solid wastes such as soap water and human excrement. However due to improper disposal, solid waste materials such as rags, plastic waste, condoms, sanitary napkins, white cement etc. are also found. Since the pipes are not meant to carry these wastes, they cause blockages. Apart from sewer drains housing societies with sewage treatment plants (STPs) also face this problem. Clearing these blocks either require a human worker, which endangers human life due to presence of toxic gases, or a high-pressure water hose cum suction machine which is very expensive. The aim of this paper is to design an automatic robot which will be able to clear blocks quickly at a much lower cost without any threat to human life. The robot will be lowered into the sewer pipes through a manhole. It will propel itself till it reaches the block then clear the block. The robot is tethered by data cable for communication and to prevent it from flowing away. A rope is used to retrieve the robot once the block is cleared.
Design, Analysis and Development of composite matrix material upright of FSAE vehicle
Authors: Harris Samuel R , Choudhary Dinesh , Chaudhary Nirav , Datta Siddhartha
Published: September 2020

Lightweight material Upright plays a very important role in improving the performance of the race cars i.e. lowering down the unsprung mass of the car and improving the ride and handling characteristics of the vehicle. Due to excellent characteristic of Nylon66 of reducing noise, wear rate, light weight, simple to design and manufacture and for the same, lightweight composite matrix material i.e. Nylon66 reinforced with Carbon fibre was used. The vehicle upright was designed in SOLIDWORKS in accordance to the Formula SAE (society of automotive engineers) rulebook. The static structural analysis was performed in ANSYS over the vehicle upright to find out the von-miss stress and total deformation. Final optimized design was manufactured using the technique of continuous fibre fabrication in order to get the desired strength of the Upright.
Influence of loading in cervical spine motion segment and stress distribution
Authors: Susai Manickam P. , Vinod Vibin , Yogesh VB , Harin M S , Balamurugan S.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to create a three-dimensional model of a cervical spine motion segment and to confirm it by inspecting the model with similar FE method. Initially a model was created by extracting CT scan images and the mesh was generated. FEM models of the lower cervical spine are derived from a CT scan with dissimilar elements and then quality of these models is evaluated with the help of mesh element-related metrics. Different material properties were assigned for each part of the model and then the analysis was carried out. Finite element analysis is used to find the effect of variations in morphology of spine, intervertebral disc height, slope of facet joint, process height of articular facet joint and segment size was parameterized. Ligament forces and vertebral rotation variations was also done as part of the FE study. The individual components of spine are subjected to different types of loading situations and the stresses developed on them need to studied. Some of the most important morphological variations found in the anatomy were disc segmental size & stress developed in the superior and inferior endplates and also the stress developed in the disc were analysed. The results obtained were collated with some external references and after validation of the model; the model could be used for extended similar studies.
Study of Mesh Stiffness of Spur Gear Tooth by Considering Pitting Defect under Dynamic Load Conditions
Authors: Chandrasekaran M. , Nandakumar P.
Published: September 2020

Gear drives are one of the most essential mechanism of power transmission systems in numerous industrial applications such as automobiles, aerospace and wind turbines, etc. As the speed of gear transmission increases, the study of the dynamic behavior of the gears are more important in the gear design. Gear mesh stiffness plays an eminent role in gear dynamics and it varies in the existence of gear fault such as pitting, spalling and crack. The dynamic performance of the gears are affected by module, contact ratio, pressure angle and transmission error, etc. In order to understand the dynamic properties of spur gear system, it is necessary to calculate the mesh stiffness of the gear tooth pair effectively. In this paper, a comparative study has been carried out using FEM between healthy gear and fault gear by considering pitting defect. Gear mesh stiffness of healthy and fault gear has been compared under dynamic load distribution in gear tooth contacts.
Optimization of awj process using fuzzy taguchi method for improving surface characteristics of silicon wafer
Authors: Oliver Nesa Raj S , Prabhu S
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the slicing capabilities and surface characteristics of Silicon wafer by optimizing the operation parameters of the Abrasive water jet machining process. Slicing carried out on single crystal pure silicon ingot in AWJM by using an abrasive particle of size 80 mesh. To optimize the AWJ operation parameters L9 Taguchi orthogonal array is used and compare the superficial feature like surface roughness, topography, and slicing rate using different input parameters like SOD, water jet pressure, and flow rate of abrasives. To know the significant slicing parameter, which impact in the surface finish of silicon wafer by ANOVA analysis and the empirical model of the slicing process is find by using a regression model, Further Fuzzy logic analysis used to predict the abrasive water jet machining process parameters with Mamdani fuzzy rules and Triangular membership function. SEM analysis is portrayed by the surface morphology of different mesh size machined on pure Si wafer.
Effect of Heat Treatment and Plasma Arc Welding on the Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Hastelloy C276
Authors: Mohammed Iqbal U , Muralidharan S
Published: September 2020

Hastelloy is a superalloy which contains nickel, chromium, iron and molybdenum as its major constituents which possess outstanding high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The objective of this work is to study the heat treatment effect on mechanical and metallurgical properties of Hastelloy C276. A total of four samples are prepared at two different temperatures (700°C and 900°C) and at two different soaking times (4 and 8 hours). Tensile strength, percentage elongation and hardness were measured for the heat-treated samples. Further plasma arc welding was carried out on the heat-treated samples to understand its effect on tensile strength and hardness. The results indicate that there is significant increase in tensile strength and hardness of the hastelloy after heat treatment. Sample processed at 900°C and 8 hours soaking time has the maximum tensile strength and hardness of 378 MPA and 197 HV respectively. There is slight increase in tensile strength of the plasma arc welded samples. The percentage elongation of heat-treated samples is reduced after the welding process. The XRD pattern of the alloy revealed that the alloy is amorphous or microcrystalline in structure. The SEM image reveals the surface topography of the aged samples which confirms the experimental results.
Design and development of waterless solar panel cleaning system
Authors: Kar Sanjaya Kumar , Akhtar Atif , Gambhir Anant Singh , Vignesh J , Nair Ritesh
Published: September 2020

With around 300 clear and radiant days in a year, the determined sun-based vitality occurrence on India’s property zone is around 5000 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) every year. The sunlight-based vitality accessible in a solitary year surpasses the conceivable vitality yield of the majority of the petroleum product vitality holds in India. The everyday normal sun-based power-plant age limit in India is 0.20 kWh per m2 of utilized land territory. Efficiency of solar panels are poor when they are not clean. Water based manual cleaning is costly, brings about ecological damage. Apart from leading to an electrical hazard, water-based cleaning leaves deposits, and causes scratches because of scouring. With manual cleaning, there is a danger of harming the covering of the boards. Our design utilizes nylon bristled brushes making no harm to the panels. No weight or stress is applied on the photovoltaic cells. The cleaner robot is self-fuelled, and programmed. It navigates through the entire length and comes back to the docking position. This completes one work cycle. Cleaning is finished utilizing exceptionally planned brushes, lifting the residue far from the boards. The cleaner robot can be retrofitted to suit existing or customized solar panels.
Experimental investigations on the effect of heat input on CO2 laser welded Ti-6Al-4V plates
Authors: Kurmia Jai Singh , Aravind A P , Mahidhara Vasareddy , Sampreeta K R , Kannan T Deepan Bharathi
Published: September 2020

In this work an attempt is made to study the effect of heat input in CO2 laser welding of Ti-6Al-4V Plates. Ti-6Al-4V alloys finds wide range of applications in aerospace and biomedical industries owing to their properties such as high strength to weight ratio and very good corrosion resistance. Welding plays an important role in the fabrication of components made of Ti-6Al-4V. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V plates of thickness 3 mm was welded in butt joint position. Laser welding was done at different heat inputs by varying the laser power and keeping the welding speed at a constant value. The quality of the weld was analysed with respect to bead geometry, mechanical properties such as microhardness and Tensile strength. It was understood that, with increase in heat input, mechanical properties got increased. The reasons for the variation of the properties are also discussed with the help of metallurgical analysis.