bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Machina Telephonica and its Sudden God” - Om telefonen i Lolita
Authors: Nyegaard Ole
Published: October 2016

Ole Nyegaard: “‘The Machina Telephonica and its Sudden God’: The Telephone in Lolita”This article looks at the telephone as a literary motif deployed by Marcel Proust and Vladimir Nabokov. In The Guermantes Way, Proust takes the reader back to the early days of the telephone and recreates the awe of experiencing the dissociation of the speaker from the voice. Proust’s telephone scene carries a contrast between hyperbolic religious imagery and profane interruption with humorous effect. In Lolita the tables are turned. Humbert presents himself as an aesthetic übermensch; the good reader, however, may see him as a solipsist. The telephone becomes a quotidian deus ex machina which bursts Humbert’s bubble of self-absorption.
Bidragyderliste
Authors: Passage Passage
Published: October 2016

List of contributors
Albertine-øvelsen
Authors: Carson Anne
Published: October 2016

Anne Carson: “The Albertine Workout”Poem. Originally published in London Review of Books 36.11, 2014, pp. 34-35. A booklength annotated version is available from New Directions.
Proust og det frynsede selv
Authors: Tygstrup Frederik
Published: October 2016

Frederik Tygstrup: “Proust and the Literary Lacination of the Self”This essay investigates the mode of social and sensual experience developed by Marcel Proust in his novel In Search of Lost Time. The main hypothesis is that in Proust, the traditional understanding of experience as a relation between an experiencing subject and an experienced object is replaced by a more complex process of interaction and blending between the two, resulting in a concomitant fragmentation of the object and lacination of the subject. The first part of the essay is a theoretical inquiry into the notion of experience, based on a re-reading of Gilles Deleuze’s influential interpretation of Proust in Proust and Signs from 1964, with special attention to the affective nature of experience. On this basis, the second part undertakes a close reading of a few passages taken from the early part of the novel to demonstrate how experience is actually conceived in Proust and, of no less importance, how this conception is underpinned by specific and characteristic features of Proust’s prose style.
Proustiansk panoptisme. Om løgn som modstand hos Proust
Authors: Arne Synne Ytre
Published: October 2016

Synne Ytre Arne: “Proustian Panopticism: On Lying as Resistance in Proust”In La Prisonnière (1923), Marcel Proust’s female protagonist, Albertine Simonet, is depicted as being, by nature, mendacious. This notion, however, risks obscuring what motivates her mendacious attitude. In this article, I claim that the narrator’s attempts to control and surveil Albertine during their cohabitation in Paris can be described as panoptical, and I suggest that we consider her lies as a means of conscious revolt against this panoptical surveillance.
Prousts blik. Synets dobbelthed i På sporet af den tabte tid
Authors: Povlsen Steen Klitgård
Published: October 2016

Steen Klitgård Povlsen: “Proust’s Look: The Duality of Looking in In Search of Lost Time”Marcel Proust was part of that “denigration of the vision” as the dominating sense that according to Martin Jay can be observed in European culture around 1900. In In Search of Lost Time there can be found a radical criticism of the capacity of the look to maintain the true concept of the world. But also an account of art’s possibility to compensate for this failure. The article describes this split between blindness and insight which is a main theme in Proust’s work.
At skrive som Anton Webern. Intermedial genrehistorie i Tor Ulvens Webernvariationer
Authors: Neple Anemari
Published: October 2016

Anemari Neple: “The Art of Silence and the Silence of the Arts. Tor Ulven’s Webern Variations”In 1987, the Norwegian poet Tor Ulven (1953-1995) published a cycle of poems entitled “The Music Can Wait. Nineteen Webern Variations”, thus making a somewhat puzzling claim to the reader that the poems ought to be read as little pieces of instrumental music related to the Austrian composer Anton Webern (1883-1945). In this article, it is argued that this claim should be considered as something more than just a paradox. In combining characteristic features of Webern’s music with equally characteristic features of his own poetry, Ulven does indeed fulfill his outspoken ambition of writing like Webern by creating a visual experience of silence with intermedial dimensions that challenges our understanding of the borders between music and poetry.
At ophæve verdens vægt. Om nostalgi og nærvær hos W.G. Sebald
Authors: Baake-Hansen Martin
Published: October 2016

Martin Baake-Hansen: “Dissolving the Weight of the World. On Nostalgia and Intimacy in W.G. Sebald”This article argues that nostalgia is an important, if often overlooked, aspect in the work of W.G. Sebald. It argues that Svetlana Boym’s concept of reflective nostalgia is key to understanding the way in which The Rings of Saturn (1995) and Austerlitz (2001) meditate on history and memory. Thus, the concept of reflective nostalgia helps us realize that the work of Sebald does not ‘only’ concern melancholy, trauma and the catastrophic history but also contains elements of lightness, intimacy and warm feelings.
Romaner
Authors: Lichtenberg Georg Christoph
Published: October 2016

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: Romaner
California Girls. Den næstsidste roman
Authors: Bukdahl Lars
Published: October 2016

Lars Bukdahl: California Girls. Den næstsidste roman
R. Rom, romance, roman, romantik
Authors: Hauge Hans
Published: October 2016

Hans Hauge: R. Rom, romance, roman, romantik
Joyces stemme
Authors: Sollers Philippe
Published: October 2016

Philippe Sollers: Joyces stemme
Om forlegenhed og blink med øjet - litteraturteoriens status
Authors: Hansen Niels Gunder
Published: October 2016

Niels Gunder Hansen: Om forlegenhed og blink med øjet - litteraturteoriens status
Mimique
Authors: Mallarmé Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Stéphane Mallarmé: Mimique
Sølvklar tåge - i spejlet Bag Spejlet
Authors: Hansen André Wang
Published: October 2016

André Wang Hansen: Sølvklar tåge - i spejlet Bag Spejlet
Trekantsdrama med blind makker - T.S. Eliot og D.H. Lawrence om James Joyces Ulysses
Authors: Klit Niels
Published: October 2016

Niels Klit: Trekantsdrama med blind makker - T.S. Eliot og D.H. Lawrence om James Joyces Ulysses
Intet og Alt - En Jægers Dagbog - Tanker ved en genlæsning
Authors: Jensen Johan Fjord
Published: October 2016

Johan Fjord Jensen: Intet og Alt - En Jægers Dagbog - Tanker ved en genlæsning
Digt
Authors: Laus Nielsen Strandby
Published: October 2016

Digt af Laus Strandby Nielsen
Bogen
Authors: Brandt Per Aage
Published: October 2016

Per Aage Brandt: Bogen
Damen: Fotografen
Authors: Brixvold Jeppe
Published: October 2016

Jeppe Brixvold: Damen: Fotografen
Exit (digt)
Authors: Knudsen Erik
Published: October 2016

Erik Knudsen: Exit (digt)
Noget om beskaffenheden af Bjelkes romaner
Authors: Stounbjerg Per
Published: October 2016

Per Stounbjerg: Noget om beskaffenheden af Bjelkes romaner
Time out
Authors: Bjelke Henrik
Published: October 2016

Henrik Bjelke: Time out
Den genfundne tids topografi
Authors: Tygstrup Frederik
Published: October 2016

Frederik Tygstrup: Den genfundne tids topografi
En sovsekande i forsvindingspunktet
Authors: Pold Søren
Published: October 2016

Søren Pold: En sovsekande i forsvindingspunktet
"Time out" Utidige kommentarer
Authors: Simonsen Karen Margrethe
Published: October 2016

Karen Margrethe Simonsen: "Time out" Utidige kommentarer
Tidens transformationer
Authors: Thyssen Christina
Published: October 2016

Christina Thyssen: Tidens transformationer
Vanadium doping in 4H-SiC epitaxial growth for carrier lifetime control
Authors: Miyazawa Tetsuya , Tawara Takeshi , Takanashi Ryosuke , Tsuchida Hidekazu
Published: October 2016

We demonstrate controlled vanadium doping in 4H-SiC epitaxial growth, aimed at reducing the carrier lifetime in the epitaxial layers (epilayers), toward quenching the injection of minority carriers from the drift layer into the substrate in the forward operation of bipolar devices. The doping efficiency of vanadium and the quality of the epilayers were investigated for different gas systems and growth conditions. The photoluminescence spectra and decay curves of band-edge luminescence were evaluated for nitrogen- and vanadium-doped epilayers. The epilayers doped with nitrogen and vanadium demonstrated much shorter minority carrier lifetimes (<20 ns) compared with the epilayer doped with nitrogen only.
Synthesis of three-component nanoparticles using Sn–58Bi and Cu wires by the pulsed wire discharge method
Authors: Kim Jong Hwan , Kim Dae Sung , Suematsu Hisayuki , Ryu Bong Ki
Published: October 2016

In this study, we investigated the possibility of forming three-component nanoparticles using Sn–58Bi and Cu wires simultaneously. We placed Sn–58Bi and Cu wires parallel to each other and investigated the effects of various conditions such as voltage, pressure, and diameter on nanoparticle formation. For the synthesis of the three-component nanoparticles, pulsed wire discharge was used to sublimate the wires. In this system, the K factor is of utmost importance and can be defined as E
c/E
s, where E
c and E
s are the applied energy and the sublimation energy of the system, respectively. The experimental parameters were varied under N2 atmosphere as follows: 2–6 kV voltage, 50–100 kPa pressure, and 0.03–0.1 mm wire diameter. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure, particle size, collection rate, and nanoparticle composition.
Discordant K‐Ar and young exposure dates for the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Vasconcelos P. M. , Farley K. A. , Malespin C. A. , Mahaffy P. , Ming D. , McLennan S. M. , Hurowitz J. A. , Rice Melissa S.
Published: October 2016

K‐Ar and noble gas surface exposure age measurements were carried out on the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley region, Gale Crater, Mars, by using the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument on the Curiosity rover. The sandstone is unusually rich in sanidine, as determined by CheMin X‐ray diffraction, contributing to the high K2O concentration of 3.09 ± 0.20 wt % measured by Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer analysis. A sandstone aliquot heated to ~915°C yielded a K‐Ar age of 627 ± 50 Ma. Reheating this aliquot yielded no additional Ar. A second aliquot heated in the same way yielded a much higher K‐Ar age of 1710 ± 110 Ma. These data suggest incomplete Ar extraction from a rock with a K‐Ar age older than 1710 Ma. Incomplete extraction at ~900°C is not surprising for a rock with a large fraction of K carried by Ar‐retentive K‐feldspar. Likely, variability in the exact temperature achieved by the sample from run to run, uncertainties in sample mass estimation, and possible mineral fractionation during transport and storage prior to analysis may contribute to these discrepant data. Cosmic ray exposure ages from3He and21Ne in the two aliquots are minimum values given the possibility of incomplete extraction. However, the general similarity between the3He (57 ± 49 and 18 ± 32 Ma, mean 30 Ma) and21Ne (2 ± 32 and 83 ± 24 Ma, mean 54 Ma) exposure ages provides no evidence for underextraction. The implied erosion rate at the Kimberley location is similar to that reported at the nearby Yellowknife Bay outcrop.
Ground surface temperature and humidity, ground temperature cycles and the ice table depths in University Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
Authors: Fisher David A. , Lacelle Denis , Pollard Wayne , Davila Alfonso , McKay Christopher P.
Published: October 2016

In the upper McMurdo Dry Valleys, 90% of the measured ice table depths range from 0 to 80 cm; however, numerical models predict that the ice table is not in equilibrium with current climate conditions and should be deeper than measured. This study explored the effects of boundary conditions (air versus ground surface temperature and humidity), ground temperature cycles, and their diminishing amplitude with depth and advective flows (Darcy flow and wind pumping) on water vapor fluxes in soils and ice table depths using the REGO vapor diffusion model. We conducted a series of numerical experiments that illustrated different hypothetical scenarios and estimated the water vapor flux and ice table depth using the conditions in University Valley, a small high elevation valley. In situ measurements showed that while the mean annual ground surface temperature approximates that in the air, the mean annual ground surface relative humidity (>85%ice) was significantly higher than in the atmosphere (~50%ice). When ground surface temperature and humidity were used as boundary conditions, along with damping diurnal and annual temperature cycles within the sandy soil, REGO predicted that measured ice table depths in the valley were in equilibrium with contemporary conditions. Based on model results, a dry soil column can become saturated with ice within centuries. Overall, the results from the new soil data and modeling have implications regarding the factors and boundary conditions that affect the stability of ground ice in cold and hyperarid regions where liquid water is rare.
Physical and relational bullying and victimization: Differential relations with adolescent dating and sexual behavior
Authors: Dane Andrew V. , Marini Zopito A. , Volk Anthony A. , Vaillancourt Tracy
Published: October 2016

Taking an evolutionary psychological perspective, we investigated whether involvement in bullying as a perpetrator or victim was more likely if adolescents reported having more dating and sexual partners than their peers, an indication of greater engagement in competition for mates. A total of 334 adolescents (173 boys, 160 girls) between the ages of 12 and 16 years (M = 13.6, SD = 1.3), recruited from community youth organizations, completed self‐report measures of physical and relational bullying and victimization, as well as dating and sexual behavior. As predicted, pure physical bullying was positively associated with the number of dating and sexual partners, primarily for adolescent boys. Adolescent girls with more dating partners had greater odds of being relational bully‐victims, in line with predictions. Finally, adolescent girls with more sexual partners were at greater risk of being physically victimized by peers, and greater involvement with dating and sexual partners was associated with higher odds of being a physical bully‐victim. Results are discussed with respect to evolutionary theory and research in which adolescent boys may display strength and athleticism through physical bullying to facilitate intersexual selection, whereas relational bullying may be employed as a strategy to engage in intrasexual competition with rivals for mates. Aggr. Behav. 43:111–122, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Counseling Program for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Yelnik Cécile M. , Richey Monica , Haiduc Virginia , Everett Sotiria , Zhang Meng , Erkan Doruk
Published: October 2016

Objective

To determine if a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention counseling program for lupus patients decreases the prevalence of CVD risk factors.

Methods

The assessment phase of a 3‐year CVD prevention counseling program included the evaluation of CVD risk factors, diet, exercise habits, and medications. The education phase included discussion of the above risk factors, as well as CVD and thrombosis prevention strategies. Patients were prospectively followed every 3–6 months for risk assessment and continued education by a nurse practitioner and a medical doctor.

Results

Between March 2009 and December 2014, 121 patients were included. At baseline, abnormal blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol profile, and body mass index were found in 50 (41%), 7 (6%), 82 (68%), and 77 (64%) patients, respectively. During the 3‐year followup, among those with abnormal baseline values, prevalence of abnormal blood pressure significantly decreased (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.92–0.96, P < 0.0001) with significant mean ± SD systolic blood pressure improvement (−6.12 ± 2.16 mm Hg; P < 0.05). The prevalence of abnormal cholesterol profile significantly decreased (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.92–0.96) with significant improvements in mean ± SD high‐density lipoprotein (+5.4 ± 0.36 mg/dl; P < 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (−12.6 ± 5.40 mg/dl; P < 0.05), and no significant change in blood glucose and body mass index was observed. At baseline, 100 (83%) and 95 (79%) patients had poor diet and physical activity, respectively; during the followup, both significantly improved in the entire population.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that a CVD prevention counseling program decreases the prevalence of some CVD risk factors in lupus patients.
Fatigue‐Crack‐Growth Behavior of Two Pipeline Steels
Authors: Chen Bilin , Wang Gongyao , Chen Shuying , Muralidharan Govindarajan , Stalheim Doug , Sun An‐Cheng , Huang E‐Wen , Liaw Peter K.
Published: October 2016

The fatigue‐crack‐growth behavior of two types of pipeline steels, Alloy B [Fe–0.05C–1.52Mn–0.12Si–0.092Nb, weight percent (wt%)] and Alloy C (Fe–0.04C–1.61Mn–0.14Si–0.096Nb, wt%), have been investigated. Compact‐tension (CT) specimens have been tested at various frequencies (10, 1, and 0.1 Hz) and different R ratios (0.1 and 0.5, R = Pmin/Pmax where Pmin is the minimum applied load, and Pmax is the maximum applied load) in air. It is concluded that higher R ratios lead to faster crack‐growth rates (FCGRs), while frequency does not have much influence on FCGRs. Moreover, Alloy B tends to have better fatigue resistance than Alloy C under various test conditions in air.
Phase separation of gas–liquid two‐phase stratified and plug flows in multitube T‐junction separators
Authors: Yang Limin , Wang Jiahao , Zhao Zhenying , Xu Shengbo , Azzopardi Barry J , Wang Hong
Published: October 2016

Using air and water as the working fluids, phase separation phenomena for stratified and plug flows at inlet were investigated experimentally, at a simple T‐junction and specifically designed multitube T‐junction separators with two or three layers. The results show that for these two flow patterns the separation efficiency of the two phases for any multitube T‐junction separator is much higher than that of the simple T‐junction. Increasing the number of connecting tubes in the multitube T‐junction separator can increase the separation efficiency. Generally, for stratified flow, complete separation of the two phases can be achieved by the two‐layer multitube T‐junction separator with five or more connecting tubes and by the three‐layer separator; increasing the gas flow rate, the liquid flow rate, or the mixture velocity under plug flow is detrimental to phase separation with a drop in peak separation efficiency. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2285–2292, 2017
An economic model predictive control approach to integrated production management and process operation
Authors: Alanqar Anas , Durand Helen , Albalawi Fahad , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: October 2016

Managing production schedules and tracking time‐varying demand of certain products while optimizing process economics are subjects of central importance in industrial applications. We investigate the use of economic model predictive control (EMPC) in tracking a production schedule. Specifically, given that only a small subset of the total process state vector is typically required to track certain scheduled values, we design a novel EMPC scheme, through proper construction of the objective function and constraints, that forces specific process states to meet the production schedule and varies the rest of the process states in a way that optimizes process economic performance. Conditions under which feasibility and closed‐loop stability of a nonlinear process under such an EMPC for schedule management can be guaranteed are developed. The proposed EMPC scheme is demonstrated through a chemical process example in which the product concentration is requested to follow a certain production schedule. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1892–1906, 2017
24‐hour care: Work and sleep conditions of migrant Filipino live‐in caregivers in Los Angeles
Authors: Riley Kevin , Nazareno Jennifer , Malish Sterling
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Live‐in formal caregivers spend consecutive days in patients’ homes, raising questions about their ability to secure adequate sleep while on duty. Few studies have examined sleeping conditions and outcomes for this growing workforce.

Methods

We collected weeklong sleep logs and interview data from 32 Filipino caregivers in Los Angeles who provide live‐in services at least 3 consecutive days per week.

Results

Respondents recorded a total average of 6.4 sleep hours during workdays divided over 2.4 sleep periods. Caregivers rated sleep quality as lower while at work; over 40% indicated excessive daytime sleepiness. Female caregivers reported worse sleep outcomes than their male counterparts. Some variations in sleep outcomes were found by employment arrangements.

Conclusion

Live‐in caregivers experience frequent sleep interruptions at all hours of the day and night to attend to patients’ needs. The resulting impacts on sleep quality pose risks for both work‐related injury and errors in patient care. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1120–1129, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer incidence among copper smelting and nickel refining workers in Finland
Authors: Pavela Markku , Uitti Jukka , Pukkala Eero
Published: October 2016

Background

Among workers employed at a nickel refinery in Harjavalta, Finland an increased risk of lung and sinus cancer has been demonstrated in two previous studies. The current study adds 16 more years of follow‐up to these studies.

Methods

A total of 1,115 persons exposed to nickel and 194 non‐exposed workers in the Harjavalta nickel smelter and refinery were followed up for cancer from 1967 to 2011 through the Finnish Cancer Registry.

Results

The total number of cancer cases in men was 251 (Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.05) and in women 12 (SIR 1.22). In the most nickel‐exposed work site (refinery), there were 14 lung cancers (SIR 2.01) and 3 sinonasal cancers (SIR 26.7, 95%).

Conclusions

It is likely that exposure to nickel compounds is the main reason for elevated nasal cancer risk among the nickel refinery employees and may also contribute to the excess risk of lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:87–95, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intragenic CNVs for epigenetic regulatory genes in intellectual disability: Survey identifies pathogenic and benign single exon changes
Authors: Zahir Farah R. , Tucker Tracy , Mayo Sonia , Brown Carolyn J. , Lim Emilia L. , Taylor Jonathan , Marra Marco A. , Hamdan Fadi F. , Michaud Jacques L. , Friedman Jan M.
Published: October 2016

The disruption of genes involved in epigenetic regulation is well known to cause Intellectual Disability (ID). We reported a custom microarray study that interrogated among others, the epigenetic regulatory gene‐class, at single exon resolution. Here we elaborate on identified intragenic CNVs involving epigenetic regulatory genes; specifically discussing those in three genes previously unreported in ID etiology—ARID2, KDM3A, and ARID4B. The changes in ARID2 and KDM3A are likely pathogenic while the ARID4B variant is uncertain. Previously, we found a CNV involving only exon 6 of the JARID2 gene occurred apparently de novo in seven patients. JARID2 is known to cause ID and other neurodevelopmental conditions. However, exon 6 of this gene encodes one of a series of repeated motifs. We therefore, investigated the impact of this variant in two cohorts and present a genotype–phenotype assessment. We find the JARID2 exon 6 CNV is benign, with a high population frequency (>14%), but nevertheless could have a contributory effect. We also present results from an interrogation of the exomes of 2,044 patients with neurocognitive phenotypes for the incidence of potentially damaging mutation in the epigenetic regulatory gene‐class. This paper provides a survey of the fine‐scale CNV landscape for epigenetic regulatory genes in the context of ID, describing likely pathogenic as well as benign single exon imbalances. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucose‐coated superparamagnetic nanoparticle‐catalysed pyrazole synthesis in water
Authors: Esfandiary Naghmeh , Nakisa Athar , Azizi Kobra , Azarnia Jamshid , Radfar Iman , Heydari Akbar
Published: October 2016

A green, benign, heterogeneous, superparamagnetic catalyst (Glu.@Fe3O4) was synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The prepared catalyst was used to achieve a high‐efficiency, low‐cost, eco‐friendly and easy‐to‐handle protocol for synthesizing substituted pyrazole derivatives from aldehydes, malononitrile and phenylhydrazine. The catalyst was also used in chromene synthesis. Glucose coated on magnetic nanoparticles provided excellent catalytic activity. The catalyst could be recycled for up to four runs without significant loss in catalytic activity.
Performance of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Gout in a Multicenter Study: Comparison With Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal Analysis as the Gold Standard
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , Taylor William J. , Neogi Tuhina , Fransen Jaap , Jansen Tim L. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Louthrenoo Worawit , Vazquez‐Mellado Janitzia , Eliseev Maxim , McCarthy Geraldine , Stamp Lisa K. , Perez‐Ruiz Fernando , Sivera Francisca , Ea Hang‐Korng , Gerritsen Martijn , Cagnotto Giovanni , Cavagna Lorenzo , Lin Chingtsai , Chou Yin‐Yi , Tausche Anne‐Kathrin , Lima Gomes Ochtrop Manuella , Janssen Matthijs , Chen Jiunn‐Horng , Slot Ole , Lazovskis Juris , White Douglas , Cimmino Marco A. , Uhlig Till , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: October 2016

Objective

To examine the performance of ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of gout using the presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals as the gold standard.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Study for Updated Gout Classification Criteria (SUGAR), a large, multicenter observational cross‐sectional study of consecutive subjects with at least 1 swollen joint who conceivably may have gout. All subjects underwent arthrocentesis; cases were subjects with confirmed MSU crystals. Rheumatologists or radiologists who were blinded with regard to the results of the MSU crystal analysis performed US on 1 or more clinically affected joints. US findings of interest were double contour sign, tophus, and snowstorm appearance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with positive US results among subjects with gout.

Results

US was performed in 824 subjects (416 cases and 408 controls). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the presence of any 1 of the features were 76.9%, 84.3%, 83.3%, and 78.2%, respectively. Sensitivity was higher among subjects with a disease duration of ≥2 years and among subjects with subcutaneous nodules on examination (suspected tophus). Associations with a positive US finding included suspected clinical tophus (odds ratio [OR] 4.77 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.23–10.21]), any abnormality on plain radiography (OR 4.68 [95% CI 2.68–8.17]), and serum urate level (OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.06–1.62]).

Conclusion

US features of MSU crystal deposition had high specificity and high PPV but more limited sensitivity for early gout. The specificity remained high in subjects with early disease and without clinical signs of tophi.
Basil Seed Inspired Design for a Monodisperse Core–Shell Sn@C Hybrid Confined in a Carbon Matrix for Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Qin Jinwen , Liu Bing , Cao Minhua
Published: October 2016

Tin anode materials have attracted much attention owing to their high theoretical capacity, although rapid capacity fade is commonly observed mainly because of structural degradation resulting from volume expansion. Herein, we report a versatile strategy based on a basil seed inspired design for constructing a monodisperse core–shell Sn@C hybrid confined in a carbon matrix (Sn basil seeds). Analogous to the structure of basil seeds soaked in water, Sn basil seeds are used to tackle the volume expansion problem in lithium‐ion batteries. Monodisperse Sn cores are encapsulated by a thick carbon layer, which thus lowers the electrolyte contact area. The obtained Sn basil seeds are closely packed to construct a framework that supplies fast electron transport and provides a reinforced mechanical backbone. As a consequence, an ensemble of this hybrid network shows significantly enhanced lithium‐storage performance with a high capacity of 870 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.4 A g−1 over 600 cycles. After the intense cycling, the Sn cores transform into ultrafine nanocrystals with sizes of 3–6 nm. The structural and morphological evolution of the Sn cores can reasonably explain the gradual increase in the capacity and the long‐term cycling ability of our Sn basil seeds.
Insights into cellulase‐lignin non‐specific binding revealed by computational redesign of the surface of green fluorescent protein
Authors: Haarmeyer Carolyn N. , Smith Matthew D. , Chundawat Shishir P. S , Sammond Deanne , Whitehead Timothy A.
Published: October 2016

Biological‐mediated conversion of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and biochemicals is a promising avenue toward energy sustainability. However, a critical impediment to the commercialization of cellulosic biofuel production is the high cost of cellulase enzymes needed to deconstruct biomass into fermentable sugars. One major factor driving cost is cellulase adsorption and inactivation in the presence of lignin, yet we currently have a poor understanding of the protein structure–function relationships driving this adsorption. In this work, we have systematically investigated the role of protein surface potential on lignin adsorption using a model monomeric fluorescent protein. We have designed and experimentally characterized 16 model protein variants spanning the physiological range of net charge (−24 to +16 total charges) and total charge density (0.28–0.40 charges per sequence length) typical for natural proteins. Protein designs were expressed, purified, and subjected to in silico and in vitro biophysical measurements to evaluate the relationship between protein surface potential and lignin adsorption properties. The designs were comparable to model fluorescent protein in terms of thermostability and heterologous expression yield, although the majority of the designs unexpectedly formed homodimers. Protein adsorption to lignin was studied at two different temperatures using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring and a subtractive mass balance assay. We found a weak correlation between protein net charge and protein‐binding capacity to lignin. No other single characteristic, including apparent melting temperature and 2nd virial coefficient, showed correlation with lignin binding. Analysis of an unrelated cellulase dataset with mutations localized to a family I carbohydrate‐binding module showed a similar correlation between net charge and lignin binding capacity. Overall, our study provides strategies to identify highly active, low lignin‐binding cellulases by either rational design or by computational screening genomic databases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 740–750. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in children and young patients with chronic HBV infection and the usefulness of alpha‐fetoprotein assessment
Authors: Tajiri Hitoshi , Takano Tomoko , Tanaka Hideo , Ushijima Kosuke , Inui Ayano , Miyoshi Yoko , Ozono Keiichi , Abukawa Daiki , Endo Takeshi , Brooks Stephen , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: October 2016

The aims of the study were to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to persistent HBV infection since childhood and to investigate usefulness of assessing alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in this population. A nationwide multicenter survey of children with chronic HBV infection was performed. Among 548 patients, 15 patients developed HCC at the median age of 15 years (range 9–36), including 13 males and 2 females. A case–control comparison showed that HBeAg seroconversion and liver cirrhosis were associated with the occurrence of HCC. Of the 15 HCC patients, 5 were treated with interferon and none of them responded to interferon therapy as compared with 12 of the 17 responders in the control group. Of the 15 patients, 10 died and 9 of the 10 who died never visited any medical facilities until diagnosis of HCC, while the remaining 5 surviving patients never stopped their clinic visits. The usefulness of AFP assessment was shown by the findings that AFP levels were elevated in all HCC cases, that elevations in AFP levels were detected prior to the diagnosis in the surviving patients, and that sensitivity of AFP as a diagnostic test for HCC was very high among 40 patients including our 14 and an additional 26 collected from the literature. HBeAg seroconversion and liver cirrhosis are associated with the occurrence of HCC. Regular measurement of AFP might be helpful to watch for the occurrence of HCC when following children and young patients with chronic HBV infection since childhood
The Potential of Cu‐SAPO‐44 in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Xin Ying , Wang Xiao , Li Qian , Ma Xicheng , Qi Yongxin , Zheng Lirong , Anderson James A. , Zhang Zhaoliang
Published: October 2016

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) contribute much to acid rain, photochemical smog, and the depletion of tropospheric ozone. A novel, small‐pore Cu‐exchanged chabazite (Cu‐CHA) zeolite, Cu‐SAPO‐44, was first studied for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3‐SCR), and exhibits excellent activity and N2 selectivity over the wide temperature window from 200–550 °C. The Cu content in Cu‐SAPO‐44 plays a significant role in the NH3‐SCR reactions. Two kinds of isolated Cu2+ species inside the large cages and in the six‐membered rings of the CHA structure were verified as the active sites, which are responsible for the low‐temperature and high‐temperature activity, respectively. Cu‐SAPO‐44 is shown to be a promising candidate as a SCR catalyst for deNOx with great potential in after‐treatment systems for either mobile or stationary sources.
Analytical expressions for topological properties of polycyclic benzenoid networks
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Clement Joseph , Balasubramanian Krishnan
Published: October 2016

Quantitative structure‐activity and structure‐property relationships of complex polycyclic benzenoid networks require expressions for the topological properties of these networks. Structure‐based topological indices of these networks enable prediction of chemical properties and the bioactivities of these compounds through quantitative structure‐activity and structure‐property relationships methods. We consider a number of infinite convex benzenoid networks that include polyacene, parallelogram, trapezium, triangular, bitrapezium, and circumcorone series benzenoid networks. For all such networks, we compute analytical expressions for both vertex‐degree and edge‐based topological indices such as edge‐Wiener, vertex‐edge Wiener, vertex‐Szeged, edge‐Szeged, edge‐vertex Szeged, total‐Szeged, Padmakar‐Ivan, Schultz, Gutman, Randić, generalized Randić, reciprocal Randić, reduced reciprocal Randić, first Zagreb, second Zagreb, reduced second Zagreb, hyper Zagreb, augmented Zagreb, atom‐bond connectivity, harmonic, sum‐connectivity, and geometric‐arithmetic indices. In addition we have obtained expressions for these topological indices for 3 types of parallelogram‐like polycyclic benzenoid networks.
A Terbium Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Selective and Sensitive Luminescence Sensing of Hg2+ Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xia Tifeng , Song Tao , Zhang Gege , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Yu , Wang Zhiyu , Qian Guodong
Published: October 2016

A series of isomorphic lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) Ln(TATAB)⋅(DMF)4(H2O)(MeOH)0.5 (LnTATAB, Ln=Eu, Tb, Sm, Dy, Gd; H3TATAB=4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐1,3,5‐triyltri‐p‐aminobenzoic acid) have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Among these MOFs, TbTATAB exhibits good water stability and a high fluorescence quantum yield. Because mercury ions (Hg2+) have a high affinity to nitrogen atoms, and the space between multiple nitrogen atoms from triazine and imino groups is suitable for interacting with Hg2+ ions, TbTATAB shows highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 4.4 nm. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to detect Hg2+ ions in natural water samples.
Application of a Nanostructured Composite Material Constructed by Self‐Assembly of Titanoniobate Nanosheets and Cobalt Porphyrin to Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Zhang Xiaobo , Pan Binbin , Xu Jiasheng , Liu Lin , Ma Juanjuan , Yang Min , Zhang Zhenye , Tong Zhiwei
Published: October 2016

A novel layered nanocomposite was fabricated by the self‐assembly of TiNbO5‐nanosheets and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(N‐methylpyridinium‐4‐yl)porphyrinatocobalt(III) (CoTMPyP). The product was characterized by a variety of analytical techniques such as XRD, EDX, Zeta potential, AFM, UV‐vis, IR and SEM, the guest species were intercalated into the interlayer gallery of KTiNbO5 successfully. The electrochemical property of TiNbO5‐CoTMPyP as an electrode modifying material was examined by cyclic voltammetry test in PBS solution (pH=7), and the hybrid exhibited excellent electrocatalytical property towards oxygen reduction with the peak potential shifting from −0.703 V (bare GCE) to −0.278 V (modified electrode). The result also indicated that the oxygen molecule was reduced to H2O2 by a two‐electron process.
Dynamic Study of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Tetrasodium Salt of Copper Tetrasulfophthalocyanine/Water Solution
Authors: Zhang Wang , He Chunying , Xiao Xiangwu , Song Weina , Gao Yachen , Chen Zhimin , Dong Yongli , Wu Yiqun , Wang Qian
Published: October 2016

The nonlinear refraction of tetrasodium salt of copper tetrasulfophthalocyanine in water was investigated by using Z‐scan technique at 532 nm with different input energy and different pulse width. We reported the competition between the excited‐state refraction and excited‐state‐thermal‐induced refraction. The sign change of nonlinear refraction induced by thermal effect was observed and analyzed. In addition, we found that the excited‐state refraction cannot counteract with excited‐state‐thermal‐induced refraction due to different physical mechanism.
Erlotinib Analogue‐substituted Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines for Small Molecular Target‐based Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Ye Huannian , Zhang Mingjun , Li Jinyu , Liu Jianyong , Xue Jinping
Published: October 2016

"Smar" targeted photosensitizer conjugated with small molecule target‐based anticancer drug which has a simple chemical structure and high stability, is a new promising targeted therapeutic strategy. We herein extended this strategy and reported a novel series of zinc(II) phthalocyanine‐erlotinib analogue conjugates with different peripheral substituted positions and lengths of the linker. Having erlotinib analogue as the targeting moiety, all conjugates exhibited high specificity and potent affinity to HepG2 cancer cells and kept high photodynamic activity (IC50=3.7–16.7 nmol/L). Structure‐activity relationships of these conjugates were assessed by investigating their photophysical/photochemical properties, targeting intracellular uptake and in vitro phototoxicity. The results suggested that α‐substituted conjugates showed slightly higher photodynamic activity than β‐substituted ones. In conclusion, we have developed a series of promising anticancer agents with high tumor selectivity and anticancer activity for targeted photodynamic therapy.
Polyhydric Corrole and Its Gallium Complex: Synthesis, DNA‐binding Properties and Photodynamic Activities
Authors: Liang Zhenhua , Liu Haiyang , Jiang Guangbin , Wen Jinyan , Liu Yunjun , Xiao Xinyan
Published: October 2016

A new hydrophilic polyhydric corrole (1) and its Ga(III) complex (1‐Ga) were synthesized and characterized. Corroles 1 and 1‐Ga bind to calf thymus DNA externally and exhibit remarkable photonuclease‐like activity. Singlet oxygen (1O2) was identified as the reactive oxygen species involved. These corroles also exhibit significant photocytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, BEL‐7402 and HepG2 tumor cell lines. They mainly accumulated in the nuclei of tumor cells. ROS‐mediated mitochondrial damage and intracellular DNA disintegration contributed to the observed photodynamic activity.
High Sensitive Ambipolar Response towards Oxidizing NO2 and Reducing NH3 Based on Bis(phthalocyaninato) Europium Semiconductors
Authors: Kong Xia , Dong Zhen , Wu Yanling , Li Xiyou , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: October 2016

High sensitive chemical sensors towards NO2 and NH3 based on the self‐assembled nanostructures of the heteroleptic and homoleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) europium complexes with octanaphthoxy phthalocyaninato ligands named Eu(Pc)[Pc(ONh)8] (1) and Eu[Pc(ONh)8]2 (2) [Pc=unsubstituted phthalocyaninate; Pc(ONh)8=2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octanaphthoxy phthalocyaninate] have been developed. The good conductivity, high crystallinity and large specific surface area for the self‐assemblies of 1 render it excellent sensing property for either electron‐accepting gas NO2 in 50–250 ppb range or electron‐donating gas NH3 in 2.5–12.5 ppm range due to the optimized molecular packing in the uniform‐sized nanoparticles depending on the effective intermolecular interaction between double‐decker molecules, among the best results of phthalocyanine‐based chemical sensors for detection of NO2 and NH3 at room temperature. Interestingly, self‐assemblies of 1 exhibited n‐type response to NO2 and p‐type response to NH3, which is the first example of ambipolar charge‐transporting gas sensors fabricated from single‐component organic semiconductors. However, the self‐assemblies of 2 with sixteen bulky naphthoxy groups at the periphery of two Pc rings only present an n‐type response to strong oxidant gas NO2 in a relatively high concentration of 0.5–1.5 ppm, while are insensitive to weak reducing gas NH3 due to the existence of great steric hindrance from bulky naphthoxy groups and more traps and/or defects in self‐assemblies.
Long‐term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Yin‐Jian , Fan Chao‐Mei , Yuan Jin‐Qing , Zhang Hai‐Bin , Duan Fu‐Jian , Wang Zhi‐Min , Guo Xi‐Ying , Zhai Shan‐Shan , An Shuo‐Yan , Hang Fei , Li Yi‐Shi
Published: October 2016

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with poor prognosis. It has been reported that there is no difference in in‐hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between patients with and without HCM. However, whether there is a difference in long‐term survival after AMI between patients with and without HCM remains unclear.

Hypothesis

Long‐term survival after AMI is worse in patients with vs without HCM.

Methods

The clinical profiles of 91 consecutive patients with HCM and AMI (HCM group) and 91 sex‐ and age‐matched patients with AMI without HCM (non‐HCM group) were analyzed. The study endpoint was all‐cause mortality.

Results

During a follow‐up period of 4.9 ± 3.6 years, all‐cause mortality occurred in 25 patients (27.5%) in the HCM group and 13 patients (14.3%) in the non‐HCM group. The survival of the HCM group was inferior to that of the non‐HCM group (log‐rank P = 0.039). During the first year of follow‐up, 3 deaths (3.3%) occurred in the HCM group and 7 deaths (7.7%) occurred in the non‐HCM group (log‐rank P = 0.177). Among patients who survived beyond the first year of follow‐up (172 patients), the annual mortality rates were 6.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.0%‐9.3%) in the HCM group and 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.6%‐3.5%) in the non‐HCM group (log‐rank P = 0.001).

Conclusions

AMI patients with HCM exhibited worse long‐term survival than did AMI patients without HCM.
A new fully integrated multichannel receiver design for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jouda Mazin , Gruschke Oliver G. , Korvink Jan G.
Published: October 2016

Absract

In this contribution, we introduce a new fully integrated receiver architecture for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), based on CMOS technology. The design is conceived to be an excellent solution to the size, cost, and complexity problems associated with multiple MRI channels, and potentially removes a technical barrier when implementing arrays of massive numbers of coils. In contrast to conventional MRI receivers, the CMOS integrated solution allows to perform all the required signal processing within a single chip. This includes low‐noise pre‐amplification, frequency down‐conversion, filtering, and analog‐to‐digital conversion. The CMOS chip is designed to be mounted in close proximity to the MR receive coils so as to avoid both signal attenuation as well as the use of bulky coaxial cables which are normally employed to transfer the MRI signals to the spectrometer. The output MR signals from the chip are digital and therefore relatively immune to noise. Operation in the digital domain allows to perform time‐domain multiplexing on the data streams, and to replace the electrical coaxial cables with optical fibers. The simulation results of both the system‐level and the circuit‐level realizations of the new receiver showed successful reconstruction of the MR image with very minimal SNR degradation and no remarkable distortion or artifacts.
An approach to enhance the performance of large‐scale structural analysis on CPU‐MIC heterogeneous clusters
Authors: Miao Xinqiang , Jin Xianlong , Ding Junhong
Published: October 2016

Clusters with the CPU‐MIC heterogeneous architecture are becoming more popular in recent years. However, it is not easy to achieve good performance on such machines. The key challenge has been the asymmetry within clusters, arising from different kinds of execution units as well as different communication latencies. To improve the performance of large‐scale structural analysis on CPU‐MIC heterogeneous clusters, a multi‐layer and multi‐grain collaborative parallel computing approach is proposed in the paper. The proposed method combines the parallel algorithm and the hardware architecture of CPU‐MIC heterogeneous clusters together. Through mapping computing tasks to various hardware layers, it both resolves the load balance problem between CPU and MIC devices and significantly reduces the communication overheads of the system. Numerical experiments conducted on Tianhe‐2 supercomputer show that the proposed method obtained better performance compared with the traditional approach. Scalability investigation showed that the proposed method had good scalability with respect to problem sizes. The findings of this paper are of help to the parallel porting and performance optimization of other applications on CPU‐MIC heterogeneous clusters.