bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeled predictions of human-associated and fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations and loadings in the Menomonee River, Wisconsin using in-situ optical sensors
Authors: Lenaker Peter L. , Corsi Steven R. , De Cicco Laura A. , Olds Hayley T. , Dila Debra K. , Danz Mari E. , McLellan Sandra L. , Rutter Troy D.
Published: June 2023

Human sewage contamination of waterways is a major issue in the United States and throughout the world. Models were developed for estimation of two human-associated fecal-indicator and three general fecal-indicator bacteria (HIB and FIB) using in situ optical field-sensor data for estimating concentrations and loads of HIB and FIB and the extent of sewage contamination in the Menomonee River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Three commercially available optical sensor platforms were installed into an unfiltered custom-designed flow-through system along with a refrigerated automatic sampler at the Menomonee River sampling location. Ten-minute optical sensor measurements were made from November 2017 to December 2018 along with the collection of 153 flow-weighted discrete water samples (samples) for HIB, FIB, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and optical properties of water. Of those 153 samples, 119 samples were from event-runoff periods, and 34 were collected during low-flow periods. Of the 119 event-runoff samples, 43 samples were from event-runoff combined sewer overflow (CSO) influenced periods (event-CSO periods). Models included optical sensor measurements as explanatory variables with a seasonal variable as an interaction term. In some cases, separate models for event-CSO periods and non CSO-periods generally improved model performance, as compared to using all the data combined for estimates of FIB and HIB. Therefore, the CSO and non-CSO models were used in final estimations for CSO and non-CSO time periods, respectively. Estimated continuous concentrations for all bacteria markers varied over six orders of magnitude during the study period. The greatest concentrations, loads, and proportion of sewage contamination occurred during event-runoff and event-CSO periods. Comparison to water quality standards and microbial risk assessment benchmarks indicated that estimated bacteria levels exceeded recreational water quality criteria between 34 and 96% of the entire monitoring period, highlighting the benefits of high-frequency monitoring compared to traditional grab sample collection. The application of optical sensors for estimation of HIB and FIB markers provided a thorough assessment of bacterial presence and human health risk in the Menomonee River.
Altered GC- and AT-biased genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the stromal fertile portions and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis
Authors: Li Yu-Ling , Gao Ling , Yao Yi-Sang , Li Xiu-Zhang , Wu Zi-Mei , Tan Ning-Zhi , Luo Zhou-Qing , Xie Wei-Dong , Wu Jian-Yong , Zhu Jia-Shi
Published: June 2023

Objective

To examine multiple genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in a semi-quantitative manner in the stromal fertile portion (SFP) densely covered with numerous ascocarps and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis and to outline the dynamic alterations of the coexisting O. sinensis genotypes in different developmental phases.

Methods

Mature Cordyceps sinensis specimens were harvested and continuously cultivated in our laboratory (altitude 2,254 m). The SFPs (with ascocarps) and fully and semi-ejected ascospores were collected for histological and molecular examinations. Biochip-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) was used to genotype multiple O. sinensis mutants in the SFPs and ascospores

Results

Microscopic analysis revealed distinct morphologies of the SFPs (with ascocarps) before and after ascospore ejection and SFP of developmental failure, which, along with the fully and semi-ejected ascospores, were subjected to SNP MS genotyping analysis. Mass spectra showed the coexistence of GC- and AT-biased genotypes of O. sinensis that were genetically and phylogenetically distinct in the SFPs before and after ejection and of developmental failure and in fully and semi-ejected ascospores. The intensity ratios of MS peaks were dynamically altered in the SFPs and the fully and semi-ejected ascospores. Mass spectra also showed transversion mutation alleles of unknown upstream and downstream sequences with altered intensities in the SFPs and ascospores. Genotype #5 of AT-biased Cluster-A maintained a high intensity in all SFPs and ascospores. An MS peak with a high intensity containing AT-biased Genotypes #6 and #15 in pre-ejection SFPs was significantly attenuated after ascospore ejection. The abundance of Genotypes #5‒6 and #16 of AT-biased Cluster-A was differentially altered in the fully and semi-ejected ascospores that were collected from the same Cordyceps sinensis specimens.

Conclusion

Multiple O. sinensis genotypes coexisted in different combinations with altered abundances in the SFPs prior to and after ejection, the SFP of developmental failure, and the two types of ascospores of Cordyceps sinensis, demonstrating their genomic independence. Metagenomic fungal members present in different combinations and with dynamic alterations play symbiotic roles in different compartments of natural Cordyceps sinensis.
Age-based spatial disparities of COVID-19 incidence rates in the United States counties
Authors: Huang Qian
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 incidence disparities have been documented in the literature, but the different driving factors among age groups have yet to be explicitly explained. This study proposes a community-based COVID-19 spatial disparity model, considering different levels of geographic units (individual and community), various contextual variables, multiple COVID-19 outcomes, and different geographic contextual elements. The model assumes the existence of age nonstationarity effects on health determinants, suggesting that health effects of contextual variables vary among place and age groups. Based on this conceptual model and theory, the study selected 62 county-level variables for 1,748 U.S. counties during the pandemic, and created an Adjustable COVID-19 Potential Exposure Index (ACOVIDPEI) using principal component analysis (PCA). The validation was done with 71,521,009 COVID-19 patients in the U.S. from January 2020 through June 2022, with high incidence rates shifting from the Midwest, South Carolina, North Carolina, Arizona, and Tennessee to the West and East coasts. This study corroborates the age nonstationarity effect of health determinants on COVID-19 exposures. These results empirically identify the geographic disparities of COVID-19 incidence rates among age groups and provide the evidentiary guide for targeting pandemic recovery, mitigation, and preparedness in communities.
Bleb geometry and morphology after Preserflo Microshunt surgery: Risk factors for surgical failure
Authors: Ibarz Barberá Marta , Hernández-Verdejo Jose Luis , Bragard Jean , Morales-Fernández Laura , Rodríguez-Carrillo Lola , Martínez Galdón Fátima , Tañá Pedro , Teus Miguel A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To investigate the possible risk factors for treatment failure in patients who had undergone Preserflo Microshunt (PMS) implantation, using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to analyze the internal structures of the bleb.

Methods

The PMS blebs of 54 patients were evaluated with AS-OCT. A mathematical model was used to calculate the total filtering surface of the episcleral fluid cavity (EFC) and the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of the bleb wall. Complete and qualified success were defined as IOP between 6 and 17 mmHg with or without glaucoma medication. The relation between baseline characteristics and probability of bleb success was analyzed by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. The main outcome measures were mean bleb wall thickness (BWT), reflectivity (BWR), HC, mean horizontal and vertical diameter and total filtering surface (TFS) of the EFC.

Results

Blebs from 74% patients were considered as complete success and 26% as failure. BWR and BWT increased linearly up to the first year in both groups. BWR was higher in the group failure (p = 0.02) and BWT in the group success (p<0.001). EFC was wider and shorter in the success group (p = 0.009, p = 0.03). Higher TFS showed a negative correlation with IOP (r = -0.4, p = 0.002). Higher baseline IOP was associated with success of PMS by multivariate analysis (p = 0.01). Mean HC, 0.034 ± 0.008 (μL/min)/mm2/mmHg, was negatively correlated with bleb surface (r = -0.5, p<0.0001) and wall´s thickness (r = -0.3, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

AS-OCT revealed that successful PMS blebs could show either thick hyporreflective walls or wide filtering surfaces with thin capsules. A higher baseline IOP increased the probability of surgical success.
Acceptability of self-sampling human papillomavirus test for cervical cancer screening in Japan: A questionnaire survey in the ACCESS trial
Authors: Fujita Misuzu , Nagashima Kengo , Shimazu Minobu , Suzuki Misae , Tauchi Ichiro , Sakuma Miwa , Yamamoto Setsuko , Hanaoka Hideki , Shozu Makio , Tsuruoka Nobuhide , Kasai Tokuzo , Hata Akira
Published: June 2023

Purpose

In terms of medical policy for cervical cancer prevention, Japan lags far behind other industrialized countries. We initiated a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) test as a tool to raise screening uptake and detection of pre-cancer. This study was conducted to explore the acceptability and preference of self-sampling using a subset of the data from this trial.

Methods

A pre-invitation letter was sent to eligible women, aged 30−59 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening for three or more years. After excluding those who declined to participate in this trial, the remaining women were assigned to the self-sampling and control groups. A second invitation letter was sent to the former group, and those wanting to undergo the self-sampling test ordered the kit. A self-sampling HPV kit, consent form, and a self-administered questionnaire were sent to participants who ordered the test.

Results

Of the 7,340 participants in the self-sampling group, 1,196 (16.3%) administered the test, and 1,192 (99.7%) answered the questionnaire. Acceptability of the test was favorable; 75.3−81.3% of participants agreed with positive impressions (easy, convenient, and clarity of instruction), and 65.1−77.8% disagreed with negative impressions (painful, uncomfortable, and embarrassing). However, only 21.2% were confident in their sampling procedure. Willingness to undergo screening with a self-collected sample was significantly higher than that with a doctor-collected sample (89.3% vs. 49.1%; p<0.001). Willingness to undergo screening with a doctor-collected sample was inversely associated with age and duration without screening (both p<0.001), but that with a self-collected sample was not associated.

Conclusions

Among women who used the self-sampling HPV test, high acceptability was confirmed, while concerns about self-sampling procedures remained. Screening with a self-collected sample was preferred over a doctor-collected sample and the former might alleviate disparities in screening rates.
Missing data approaches in longitudinal studies of aging: A case example using the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Duchesneau Emilie D. , Shmuel Shahar , Faurot Keturah R. , Musty Allison , Park Jihye , Stürmer Til , Kinlaw Alan C. , Yang Yang Claire , Lund Jennifer L.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Missing data is a key methodological consideration in longitudinal studies of aging. We described missing data challenges and potential methodological solutions using a case example describing five-year frailty state transitions in a cohort of older adults.

Methods

We used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally-representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. We assessed the five components of the Fried frailty phenotype and classified frailty based on their number of components (robust: 0, prefrail: 1–2, frail: 3–5). One-, two-, and five-year frailty state transitions were defined as movements between frailty states or death. Missing frailty components were imputed using hot deck imputation. Inverse probability weights were used to account for potentially informative loss-to-follow-up. We conducted scenario analyses to test a range of assumptions related to missing data.

Results

Missing data were common for frailty components measured using physical assessments (walking speed, grip strength). At five years, 36% of individuals were lost-to-follow-up, differentially with respect to baseline frailty status. Assumptions for missing data mechanisms impacted inference regarding individuals improving or worsening in frailty.

Conclusions

Missing data and loss-to-follow-up are common in longitudinal studies of aging. Robust epidemiologic methods can improve the rigor and interpretability of aging-related research.
Scalable cryopreservation of infectious Cryptosporidium hominis oocysts by vitrification
Authors: Jaskiewicz Justyna J. , Dayao Denise Ann E. , Girouard Donald , Sevenler Derin , Widmer Giovanni , Toner Mehmet , Tzipori Saul , Sandlin Rebecca D.
Published: June 2023

Cryptosporidium hominis is a serious cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. The development of therapeutics is impeded by major technical roadblocks including lack of cryopreservation and simple culturing methods. This impacts the availability of optimized/standardized singular sources of infectious parasite oocysts for research and human challenge studies. The human C. hominis TU502 isolate is currently propagated in gnotobiotic piglets in only one laboratory, which limits access to oocysts. Streamlined cryopreservation could enable creation of a biobank to serve as an oocyst source for research and distribution to other investigators requiring C. hominis. Here, we report cryopreservation of C. hominis TU502 oocysts by vitrification using specially designed specimen containers scaled to 100 μL volume. Thawed oocysts exhibit ~70% viability with robust excystation and 100% infection rate in gnotobiotic piglets. The availability of optimized/standardized sources of oocysts may streamline drug and vaccine evaluation by enabling wider access to biological specimens.
Determinants of consistency of use of household water filters in emergencies: Insights from a protracted drought in Northern Kenya
Authors: Wainaina George Kiambuthi , Ochieng Fredrick , Peter Maryna , Raude James Messo , Meierhofer Regula , Marks Sara J.
Published: June 2023

The consistent use of household water treatment and storage (HWTS) technologies is necessary for human health. However, most HWTS options are designed for typical household use as opposed to emergency contexts, where use is less consistent. To investigate ways to improve the consistency of HWTS use in emergencies, we conducted in-person surveys with 108 households in northern Kenya and comparatively analyzed factors that influenced the use of household filters during a protracted drought. Findings showed that about 50% of respondents used their filter consistently over the course of the study. The main limitation to usability was that none of the filters were well-suited for the indoor living environment of the survey respondents. The factors associated with consistency of use varied by filter design. For one-bucket filters, consistent use was associated with ease of assembly, reported availability of spare parts, and peer approval of HWTS use. For two-bucket filters, consistent use was best explained by the certainty regarding when the filter was functioning or not. We suggest that filter manufacturers should reduce the number of parts to mitigate assembly difficulties and should develop flexible filter designs to improve compatibility across households in terms of space and height requirements. Those disseminating filters during protracted emergencies should conduct user training on the assembly and disassembly of unfamiliar filters and ensure affordable access to necessary replacement parts. Finally, to improve consistency of use of new types of filters, implementers should assess the peer approval of these HTWS options among the target population.
Benchmarks of production for atmospheric water generators in the United States
Authors: Sadowski Erica , Mbonimpa Eric , Chini Christopher M.
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric Water Generators (AWG) extract water from the air using one of three available technologies: refrigeration, sorption, and fog harvesting. In this research, we analyze two refrigeration-based devices and one sorption-based device and their efficacy in providing supplemental water supply across the United States. An AWG can supply potable water to remote and austere locations where clean drinking water might otherwise be unavailable. With increasing water scarcity globally, particularly in historically arid climates, new methods that can draw from an estimated 13,000 km3 in the atmosphere using an AWG becomes important and, potentially, viable. However, due to climatological and technological constraints, not all regions in the world would see the same water production from an AWG as production is driven by high relative humidity and temperature. This climatological reliance also subjects them to dramatic changes in performance depending on the season. By using previously established hydrologic performance indicators (reliability, resilience, and vulnerability) and weather data for the United States, we determine the year-round efficiency metrics of three AWGs. By evaluating three different devices and mapping the efficiency across the United States, this research determines the regional efficacy, as a function of water production, in adopting AWG technology to supplement potable water supply. This study provides important insights into the performance of AWGs with high spatial resolution through comparison of multiple devices. The results indicate minimal viability for a large portion of the United States. However, we highlight the potential for the device to supply water for a remote military installation in Hawaii.
50 años después: los orígenes del Centro Brasileño de Análisis y Planificación y su vínculo con la Fundación Ford
Authors: Alegría García Macarena
Published: June 2023

En el presente artículo se pretende desmontar la idea de que la producción de conocimiento en la región se encuentra subordinada a estándares extranjeros. Para ello se examinó la relación establecida, durante la dictadura militar brasileña, entre un centro de investigación brasileño, el CEBRAP, compuesto por intelectuales con un alto prestigio académico, y una institución estadounidense, la Fundación Ford, con un importante poder económico. Para abordar la complejidad de este fenómeno ocurrido en el marco de una dictadura destructiva-constructiva (Patto Sa Mota, 2014), fue necesaria una perspectiva histórica combinada con un enfoque cualitativo que permitiera profundizar en las aristas de interés. En términos generales, la relación estuvo compuesta por un grupo de científicos sociales expulsados de las aulas universitarias, con posiciones opuestas a la dictadura, quienes en un afán por mantener su autonomía frente al Estado autoritario, buscaron financiación por parte de la Fundación para la creación de un centro de investigación alternativo a la universidad. Sus agendas de investigación estuvieron fuertemente influidas por el contexto político y social del país y no por los lineamientos de la Fundación, que entregó los fondos debido una afinidad entre sus intereses y los de los intelectuales cebrapianos.
Electronic evidence in arbitration proceedings
Authors: Ferreira Daniel B. , Gromova Elizaveta A.
Published: June 2023

This paper addresses electronic evidence focusing on arbitration rules of the leading ADR providers. It also narrows the topic to an empirical assessment using six categories of electronic evidence in a sample of 92 arbitration proceedings. The paper aims to offer the concept of electronic evidence in international arbitration, its admissibility and relevance criteria, and reach conclusions from an empirical analysis of a large sample of arbitration proceedings gathered from the Centro Brasileiro de Mediação e Arbitragem (Brazilian Center for Mediation and Arbitration). We conclude that electronic evidence is regularly used in arbitration and is relevant to the arbitrators’ reasoning. We propose a revision on the 2016 Draft Convention on Electronic Evidence to include arbitration.

Index words: alternative dispute resolution; arbitration; electronic evidence; admissibility; relevance; weight; empirical analysis
Involving LLMs in legal processes is risky
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard
Published: June 2023

The availability of large language models (LLM), a form of AI correspondence agent, on the Internet raises questions about their possible use in legal processes. For they seem often to introduce into their output arbitrary assertions which are untrue. This is ‘new’ behaviour (a Google search, for example, returns correct information on a semantically similar query). I give examples in which use of an LLM is both tempting and could subvert a legal process. 

Index words: large language model; LLM; artificial intelligence; AI; ChatGPT; law; legal processes; lying; r-lying
Human-Like Artificial Intelligent System for Predicting Invasion Depth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Magnifying Narrow-Band Imaging Endoscopy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Luo Renquan , Tang Dehua , Zhang Jie , Su Yuchen , Mao Xinli , Ye Liping , Yao Liwen , Zhou Wei , Zhou Jie , Lu Zihua , Zhang Mengjiao , Xu Youming , Deng Yunchao , Huang Xu , He Chunping , Xiao Yong , Wang Junxiao , Wu Lianlian , Li Jia , Zou Xiaoping , Yu Honggang
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic evaluation is crucial for predicting the invasion depth of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and selecting appropriate treatment strategies. Our study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable artificial intelligence–based invasion depth prediction system (AI-IDPS) for ESCC.

METHODS:

We reviewed the PubMed for eligible studies and collected potential visual feature indices associated with invasion depth. Multicenter data comprising 5,119 narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy images from 581 patients with ESCC were collected from 4 hospitals between April 2016 and November 2021. Thirteen models for feature extraction and 1 model for feature fitting were developed for AI-IDPS. The efficiency of AI-IDPS was evaluated on 196 images and 33 consecutively collected videos and compared with a pure deep learning model and performance of endoscopists. A crossover study and a questionnaire survey were conducted to investigate the system's impact on endoscopists' understanding of the AI predictions.

RESULTS:

AI-IDPS demonstrated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7%, 86.3%, and 86.2% in image validation and 87.5%, 84%, and 84.9% in consecutively collected videos, respectively, for differentiating SM2-3 lesions. The pure deep learning model showed significantly lower sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (83.7%, 52.1% and 60.0%, respectively). The endoscopists had significantly improved accuracy (from 79.7% to 84.9% on average, P = 0.03) and comparable sensitivity (from 37.5% to 55.4% on average, P = 0.27) and specificity (from 93.1% to 94.3% on average, P = 0.75) after AI-IDPS assistance.

DISCUSSION:

Based on domain knowledge, we developed an interpretable system for predicting ESCC invasion depth. The anthropopathic approach demonstrates the potential to outperform deep learning architecture in practice.
THE EXPOSURE EFFECT OF PPKM LEVEL 4 NEWS ON KOMPAS.COM ON ATTITUDES TO COMPLY WITH HEALTH PROTOCOLS
Authors: Hafni Rayni Delya , Prananingrum Elisabeth Nugrahaeni , Putri Maulina Larasati , Sutjipto Vera Wijayanti
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not yet stopped and to overcome it the government has made a policy, namely PPKM (Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions) Level 4 on (July 26 – August 23, 2021) which applies in several regions in Indonesia, one of which is the Province of DKI Jakarta. With PPKM Level 4, various online media, one of which is Kompas.com, is to report it. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to PPKM Level 4 news on Kompas.com for the period 26 July – 23 August 2021 on the attitude toward carrying out health protocols in UNJ Communication Science students. In this study, the researcher uses the uses and gratifications theory, with quantitative research and survey methods by distributing questionnaires to 77 respondents. The results of this study show that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which indicates that PPKM news exposure is Level 4 The period of July 26 – August 23, 2021 on Kompas.com has an influence on the attitude toward obeying health protocols in UNJ Communication Science students.
EXPLORING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR WEDDING CEREMONY IN DISRUPTION ERA FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Owie Anggra Agastyassa , Salamah Khoirina Nur
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred in Indonesia since 2019 has had an impact on educational, economic and social aspects, forcing people not to carry out activities that cause crowds such as wedding receptions. Restrictions on activities during the Covid-19 pandemic have an impact on the organization of weddings. The prohibition of crowding is the main factor that people must start honing their creativity by utilizing technology. The use of technology to answer public concerns about marriage in an Islamic perspective as a way to find out how Islam discusses the substance of marriage and how the use of technology can meet needs, especially in terms of marriage. Marriage has been discussed by Islam through the Qur'an and Hadith. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Research sources come from books, articles, and writings related to this research. The results of this study are Covid-19 does not hinder the implementation of marriages, Islam is so simple in the context of the validity of a marriage, namely the achievement of the pillars and conditions of a valid marriage, not from the form of the reception because the essence of marriage according to Islam is not how luxurious the reception is, but the terms and pillars of marriage must be fulfilled. so that activity restrictions are not an obstacle because the use of technology during the Covid-19 disruption era can be a solution.
CARING FOR RELIGIOUS MODERATION THROUGH THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE SALATIGA CAMPUS AS THE CITY OF TOLERANCE
Authors: Arenggoasih Wuri , Pertiwi Nova Mega
Published: June 2023

Awareness of religious moderation is an important value in Salatiga City as the most tolerant city in 2021. The city has two religious universities, namely IAIN Salatiga and Satya Wacana Christian University. Through social media accounts on Instagram, both universities disseminate information about the existence of the institution. Assuredly, social media management is the main thing in content management, especially regarding religious moderation as a form of religious tolerance in Salatiga. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the social media management of both universities related to religious moderation includes planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling through the case study method.As an educational institution in one field, the awareness to maintain and realize the City of Harmony - Salatiga City with an attitude of religious moderation has been implemented through postings on their Instagram platform. Social media management is not only manifesting religious moderation as a planned image but a practice of daily life. The posts of universities are the result of joint thinking in their respective public relations departments through a brand story strategy with validation before being uploaded.
COMMUNICATION BARRIER TOWARDS ORPHANAGE STUDENT LEARNING PROCESS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Anggrayni Dewi , Siregar Nur Choiro , Zamroni Mohammad , Rasit Rosmawati Binti Mohamad
Published: June 2023

Validity and reliability are the most important aspects to determine the quality of research conducted by researchers. This study aims to measure the validity and reliability of the communication barrier instrument in the learning process of orphanages during the pandemic. The instruments used in this study were 20 items. This research design applies a quantitative paradigm. The validity and reliability of the communication barrier instrument were measured by Rasch Model Analysis (RMA) using Winsteps version 3.71.0.1 software. The students involved in this study consisted of 380 students from orphanages in the city and district of Bogor. RMA analyzed six aspects in determining the instrument's stability: person and item reliability, item difficulty level, item polarity, misfit item, unidimensional, and person map item. Based on these seven aspects, the instrument used in this study was valid and reliable to measure students' communication barriers during the pandemic. The importance of valid and reliable instruments can be helpful to determine the condition of students during the learning process during the pandemic. The instruments are essential for parents and teachers to deal with student changes during the learning process. Public educators can use the implications of this research and interested people to measure the communication barrier condition of students of the process during the pandemic. Future studies are needed to conduct testing for all students, from elementary to higher education institutions with more comprehensive research sites.
IDENTIFIKASI ZONA POTENSI AIR TANAH BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DAN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (STUDI KASUS : PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Nugroho Jalu Tejo , Sari Cici Nurmalasa , Nugraha Arief Laila
Published: June 2023

Air tanah adalah sumber air yang sangat penting untuk keperluan domestik, pertanian, maupun industri. Konsumsi air tanah terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan perkembangan perkotaan. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan peningkatan aktivitas manusia yang membutuhkan sumber daya air. Provinsi DIY merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang wilayahnya memiliki akuifer yang cukup besar dengan sumber daya air tanah yang tinggi. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan terkait potensi air tanah, yakni adanya penurunan muka air tanah dan pencemaran air tanah. Pemetaan potensi air tanah ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan sumberdaya air tanah di Provinsi DIY. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan bidang kajian Sistem Informasi Geografis dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) menggunakan parameter-parameter air tanah, yaitu curah hujan, litologi, geomorfologi, kelerengan, tutupan lahan, NDVI, dan Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). Hasil pengolahan Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP) pada identifikasi potensi air tanah Provinsi DIY menghasilkan klasifikasi potensi air tanah sangat rendah dengan luas 0,651 km2, rendah seluas 0,783 km2, sedang seluas 0,718 km2, tinggi dengan luas 0,471 km2, dan sangat tinggi dengan luas 0,528 km2.
Effects of high‐resistance wheel running on hallmarks of endurance and resistance training adaptations in mice
Authors: Leuchtmann Aurel B. , Afifi Yasmine , Ritz Danilo , Handschin Christoph
Published: June 2023

Exercise effectively promotes and preserves cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, metabolic, and cognitive functions throughout life. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial adaptations to exercise training are, however, still poorly understood. To improve the mechanistic study of specific exercise training adaptations, standardized, physiological, and well‐characterized training interventions are required. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive interrogation of systemic changes and muscle‐specific cellular and molecular adaptations to voluntary low‐resistance wheel running (Run) and progressive high‐resistance wheel running (RR) in young male mice. Following 10 weeks of training, both groups showed similar improvements in body composition and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), as well as elevated mitochondrial proteins and capillarization markers in the M. plantaris. Run mice clearly outperformed RR mice in a forced treadmill running capacity test, while RR mice displayed increased grip strength as well as superior mass gains in the M. soleus, associated with distinct proteomic changes specifying the two paradigms. Thus, even though both training modalities induce overlapping adaptations, Run interventions preferably improve submaximal running performance, while progressive RR is a valid model to study training‐induced gains in grip strength and plantar flexor hypertrophy.
Democracy, Civility, and Semantic Descent
Authors: Talisse Robert
Published: June 2023

In a well-functioning democracy, must citizens regard one another as political equals, despite ongoing disagreements about normatively significant questions of public policy. A conception of civility is needed to supply citizens with a common sense of the rules of political engagement. By adhering to the norms of civility, deeply divided citizens can still assure one another of their investment in democratic politics. Noting well-established difficulties with the very idea of civility, this essay raises a more fundamental problem. Any conception of civility faces the problem of semantic descent, the phenomenon by which second-order norms devolve into tools for conducting first-order disputes. The problem of incivility in politics thus is not simply that of designing a suitably inclusive view of what civility demands. It might be that political civility can be cultivated only by way of interactions that are themselves not at all political.
From their point of view: the article category as a hierarchically structured referent tracking system
Authors: Divjak Dagmar , Romain Laurence , Milin Petar
Published: June 2023

Full-fledged grammatical article systems as attested in Germanic and Romance languages are rather uncommon from a typological perspective. The frequency with which articles occur in these languages, together with the difficulty encountered in detecting them and the lack of a water-tight account of article use, make article errors one of the most frequent errors in language produced by L2 learners whose L1 does not feature an article system of similar complexity, all the while appearing unproblematic for L1 users. We present a conceptually and methodologically interdisciplinary approach to the grammatical category of articles in English and combine a usage-based, cognitive linguistic account of the function and use of articles that respects its discourse-based nature with a computational exploration of the challenges the system poses from the perspective of learning. Running a statistical classifier on a large sample of spoken and written discourse chunks extracted from the BNC and annotated for the five main determinants of article use reveals that Hearer Knowledge is the driver of a hierarchical system. Once Hearer Knowledge is acknowledged as the motivating principle of the category, article use becomes eminently predictable and restrictions are in line with the forms from which the articles have developed historically, withtheandaacting as category defaults and zero acting as default override. Simulations with a computational model anchored in the psychology of learning shed light on whether and how human cognition would handle the proposed relations detected in the data. We find that different articles have different learnability profiles that, again, are in line with their historical development: whilethecan be learned from one strong indicator, the relationships for the zero article are less exclusive. On the basis of these findings, we argue that the article category appears as a referent tracking system that grammaticalizes the principles of “audience design”: it forces a speaker to track and mark reference from the vantage point of the memory of the hearer, thereby reducing the processing effort required from the hearer. This particular mindset inverses the typologically dominant situation in which this information is not explicitly marked by the speaker but implicitly retrieved from context by the hearer.
Felodipine-loaded Spanlastics: superior nanocarriers for transdermal delivery
Authors: Natekar Richa Mahesh , DCruz Cleona Elizabeth Mary , Kumar Lalit , Bhide Prashant Jivaji , Shirodkar Rupesh Kalidas
Published: June 2023

Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker commonly used for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and angina pectoris. Felodipine undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism resulting in low oral bioavailability of 15 %. The aim of this study is to develop a formulation of nanovesicular Spanlastics to improve the transdermal delivery of felodipine and solve the problem of low bioavailability. The felodipine-loaded Spanlastics were prepared using the ethanol injection method with Span 60 as surfactant and Tween 80, which provides elasticity to the vesicles, according to the 23 factorial design using Design Expert® Software version 13. The solution that had the highest desirability was optimized. The final five runs were incorporated into a gel base and evaluated for in vitro drug release, spreadability and viscosity. Stability studies were conducted over a period of 3 months. The formulated Spanlastics had a particle size in the range of (132–155) nm and an entrapment efficiency in the range of (80–94) %. The final five runs were found to have optimum characteristics. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to ensure the encapsulation of the drug in the nanovesicles. The developed hydrogel showed in vitro drug release in the range of (80–94) % and the formulation was found to be stable after a period of 3 months. The optimized formula comprised of Span 60 and Tween 80 in ratio of 8:2. Overall, the results confirmed that Spanlastics loaded with felodipine proved to be superior nanocarriers for transdermal delivery of felodipine.
Zero-suffixes and their alternatives: A view from French
Authors: Sleeman Petra
Published: June 2023

Zero-affixes have been used in morphology within pre-generative analyses, lexicalist analyses and syntactic approaches to morphology. The (over)use of zero-affixes has also led to criticisms and to alternative approaches, both within lexicalist models and syntactic approaches to morphology. In this paper, on the basis of French, a mix of several syntactic approaches is proposed. Two problems for Borer’s Exo-Skeletal model, in which derivational zero-suffixes are dispensed with on the basis of English, are discussed. First, on the basis of V → N conversions in French an alternative to zero-suffixes is proposed. Second, the discussion of A/N parallel suffixes in French leads to the adoption of a second alternative to zero-suffixes. Both alternatives require an adaptation of the Exo-Skeletal model: the acceptance of mixed functional projections and suffixal roots in the model.
The zero suffix in English and Italian deverbal nouns
Authors: Iordăchioaia Gianina , Melloni Chiara
Published: June 2023

In this paper we bring evidence from English and Italian deverbal zero nominals (to climb>the climb-ØN) that zero is a possible spell-out of a nominalizer otherwise overtly instantiated in suffixed nominals (examin-ation). We argue in favor of a Distributed Morphology approach, a separationist theory that recognizes and easily implements zero morphology with underlying syntax-semantics. Abstracting away from other theoretical trends and their foundational reasons to refrain from using zero suffixes, we address three properties that have been argued to fundamentally distinguish zero nominals from overtly suffixed nominals, with the implication that they instantiate a different word formation process: i) realization of verbal argument structure, ii) possibility of embedding verbalizing suffixes, and iii) semantic transparency in relation to the verb. By means of corpus data and two manually collected datasets of 561 English and 174 Italian zero nominals based on lexicographic information, we bring solid evidence against these claims, by arguing that: i) a great proportion of zero nominals do realize verbal argument structure, ii) the zero affix may embed verbalizing affixes within the limits of the selectional restrictions it independently imposes on its base, and iii) zero nominals present the same patterns of polysemy that suffixed nominals display. However, we show that zero nominals also present some idiosyncrasies to the extent that not all of them express compositional event readings with argument structure, a matter that deserves further research within the frame of their competition with suffixed nominals.
The semantics of noun-to-verb zero-derivation in English and Spanish
Authors: Valera Salvador
Published: June 2023

The semantics of zero-derivation/conversion has attracted renewed interest both as a subject of description and as a means towards refined descriptions of the process. This paper takes the latter stance and compares which semantic categories occur in zero-derivation/conversion and in overt affixation in two languages with a different morphological model: English and Spanish. For attestation and distribution of the semantic categories, the paper relies on a stratified sample of denominal verbs collected from two comparable corpora: theBritish National Corpusand theCorpus de Referencia del Español Actual. The sample consists in sets of ca. 50 denominal verb-forming resources, one per affixation process, namely affixation by -ate, -(i)fy, -ize/-ise, -en,en- in English,a-…-ar,en-…-ar, -ear, -ecer, -(i)ficar, -izarin Spanish, and zero-derivation/conversion in both languages. The results are contrasted within and across affixes/processes, within each language and across the two languages for the adequacy of a description as zero-derivation or as conversion. Statistical analysis shows that the process/affixes form a cline with overlaps and closer associations between specific affixes/processes and semantic categories, but no clear divide between zero-derivation/conversion and the rest of processes as far as the semantic categories are concerned.
A Visual Pathway into Central Complex for High-Frequency Motion-Defined Bars inDrosophila
Authors: Duan Wenlan , Zhang Yihao , Zhang Xin , Yang Jihua , Shan Heying , Liu Li , Wei Hongying
Published: June 2023

Relative motion breaks a camouflaged target from a same-textured background, thus eliciting discrimination of a motion-defined object. Ring (R) neurons are critical components in theDrosophilacentral complex, which has been implicated in multiple visually guided behaviors. Using two-photon calcium imaging with female flies, we demonstrated that a specific population of R neurons that innervate the superior domain of bulb neuropil, termed superior R neurons, encoded a motion-defined bar with high spatial frequency contents. Upstream superior tuberculo-bulbar (TuBu) neurons transmitted visual signals by releasing acetylcholine within synapses connected with superior R neurons. Blocking TuBu or R neurons impaired tracking performance of the bar, which reveals their importance in motion-defined feature encoding. Additionally, the presentation of a low spatial frequency luminance-defined bar evoked consistent excitation in R neurons of the superior bulb, whereas either excited or inhibited responses were evoked in the inferior bulb. The distinct properties of the responses to the two bar stimuli indicate there is a functional division between the bulb subdomains. Moreover, physiological and behavioral tests with restricted lines suggest that R4d neurons play a vital role in tracking motion-defined bars. We conclude that the central complex receives the motion-defined features via a visual pathway from superior TuBu to R neurons and might encode different visual features via distinct response patterns at the population level, thereby driving visually guided behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimals could discriminate a motion-defined object that is indistinguishable with a same-textured background until it moves, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. In this study, we identified that R neurons and their upstream partners, TuBu neurons, innervating the superior bulb ofDrosophilacentral brain are involved in the discrimination of high-frequency motion-defined bars. Our study provides new evidence that R neurons receive multiple visual inputs from distinct upstream neurons, indicating a population coding mechanism for the fly central brain to discriminate diverse visual features. These results build progress in unraveling neural substrates for visually guided behaviors.
Connecting Connectomes to Physiology
Authors: Borst Alexander , Leibold Christian
Published: June 2023

With the advent of volumetric EM techniques, large connectomic datasets are being created, providing neuroscience researchers with knowledge about the full connectivity of neural circuits under study. This allows for numerical simulation of detailed, biophysical models of each neuron participating in the circuit. However, these models typically include a large number of parameters, and insight into which of these are essential for circuit function is not readily obtained. Here, we review two mathematical strategies for gaining insight into connectomics data: linear dynamical systems analysis and matrix reordering techniques. Such analytical treatment can allow us to make predictions about time constants of information processing and functional subunits in large networks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis viewpoint provides a concise overview on how to extract important insights from Connectomics data by mathematical methods. First, it explains how new dynamics and new time constants can evolve, simply through connectivity between neurons. These new time-constants can be far longer than the intrinsic membrane time-constants of the individual neurons. Second, it summarizes how structural motifs in the circuit can be discovered. Specifically, there are tools to decide whether or not a circuit is strictly feed-forward or whether feed-back connections exist. Only by reordering connectivity matrices can such motifs be made visible.
Understanding Individual Attitude to Money: A Systematic Scoping Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Sesini Giulia , Lozza Edoardo
Published: June 2023

In the last decades, several disciplines have started to investigate the heterogeneous meanings attributed to money, contributing to defying the classic vision of money as a purely neutral object through an interdisciplinary perspective. Notably, the construct of money attitude, defined as a mirror of perceptions, beliefs, and feelings about money, has captured attention. Considering the richness and fragmentation of previous literature around the construct, a systematic scoping review was conducted to (1) inquire into how money attitude was measured from a methodological perspective and (2) map its connections with key correlates, such as demographics, macro-economic factors, personality, financial practices, and job-related variables. Through a systematic search in four databases, 226 articles were selected, including studies from both economic and social sciences. From a methodological perspective, several validated scales exist, which only partially overlap, outlining the heterogeneity of the construct of money attitude. Furthermore, the relationship between money attitudes and key correlates emerges as complex and occasionally blurred. Based on these results, an integrative framework is proposed and directions for future research are outlined, discussing methodological specificities of validated scales and alternative methodologies. Additionally, overlooked topics deserving further examination are highlighted, including the investigation of emotional underpinnings of money, antecedents of money attitudes and their relationship with unsound behaviors. Implications for practitioners are also discussed, from the need to recognize the role of money attitude in the client–financial advisor relationship to the importance of consumers’ segmentation.