bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
South African Dialogue
Authors: Moses Warrick
Published: June 2018

The potential for hip hop artists to express dissent, to question socio-political inequalities and contest authoritarian structure is most notably conveyed through lyrical means. Think of the lasting impact of Chuck D’s verses in ‘Fight the Power’ or, more recently, Eminem’s contentious freestyle performed at the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards. This article explores a different form of lyricism, but one that is no less effective in its activist directive to highlight the need for social change. Through contextual and music textural analysis, I interrogate the transcription of a solo performance by South African turntablist Deon “Ready D” Daniels. In this 2006 piece entitled ‘Krap Kommentaar’ (‘Scratch Commentary’), Daniels carefully selects and manipulates vocal excerpts to challenge the hegemony of standardized over vernacular Afrikaans. The former is primarily associated with white Afrikaners (white South Africans of ostensibly Dutch descent), while the latter is identified with Cape Town’s working-class “mixed-race” or “coloured” population (also the social demographic with whom hip hop in the city is linked). Coloureds are a social grouping actively marginalized by apartheid legislation, and for whom a sense of continued exclusion in the contemporary moment is deeply felt. Thus, by re-contextualizing his source material through sampling and scratching, Daniels (re)inscribes Afrikaans language to suit his own purposes, demonstrating a mastery of the speech form. With this musical intervention, Daniels also confronts received notions of entrenched power, effectively critiquing linguistic barriers to socio-political inclusion.
The “Schizophrenic Nation”
Authors: Salois Kendra
Published: June 2018

This article discusses popular music portrayals of collective actions like those in the Moroccan 20 February movement. Artists use the trope of Morocco as a “schizophrenic nation” to denote enculturation into two potentially conflicting value systems, but also to depict collective actions as dangerous because they encourage a break between the people and the state. The examples analysed thus effectively reproduce understandings of the nation promoted by the state. Moroccan “schizophrenia” discourse, and the subtle ways it is invoked, offers the opportunity to complicate understandings of resistant agency in hip hop. While artists critique some aspects of state policy, they may promote a quietist or normative view on others.
“Slavery’s Consequences Still Affect Us”
Authors: Nitzsche Sina A
Published: June 2018

Sister Souljah is arguably one of the most important female “raptivists” in the United States. Published in 1994, her autobiography No Disrespect narrates the artist’s rise from poverty to become one of the most prolific writers, educators and activists in the 1990s. Yet critics tend to overlook the autobiography’s strong emphasis on activism, especially how it is embedded in larger Afro-diasporic female literary traditions. No Disrespect re-writes earlier traditions of black women’s writing, visual culture and social activism in order to educate a younger generation on the ongoing need to promote racial justice. The autobiography is located in the larger context of what Paul Gilroy has called the Black Atlantic by situating it not only in American, but also in African cultural traditions. I join Reiland Rabaka and others in moving forward the field of hip hop studies by establishing more cultural, literary and visual continuities between late twentieth-century hip hop culture and earlier literary forms of Afro-diasporic expression, such as poetry and autobiography. In tracing Sister Souljah’s oeuvre to the beginnings of African American women’s literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it is the aim of the article to contribute a new perspective to the origins of hip hop culture and activism beyond the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Jules Joseph Dejerine: an outstanding neurologist and Charcot's enemy
Authors: Kondo Gustavo Koíti , Schramm Carla Caroline , Novaes Max Rainer Rosado , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Jules Joseph Dejerine (1849-1917) became renowned for his many contributions to neurology, including his anatomical and anatomo-functional studies, particularly those in the field of language and the peripheral nervous system. A disciple of Vulpian and a rival of Charcot, Dejerine progressed rapidly in the academic world, reaching the peak of his career in 1911, when he was appointed to the chair of Nervous System Diseases at the Salpêtrière Hospital after defeating Pierre Marie (1853-1940), one of the most distinguished pupils of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893).
Histopathologic aspects of experimental cysticercosis and in situ cytokines profile in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Milhomem Anália Cirqueira , Souza Amanda Juliana Soaris de , Silva Hidelberto Matos , Vinaud Marina Clare , Oliveira Milton Adriano Pelli de , Machado Juliana Reis , Lino Júnior Ruy de Souza
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the parasitic infections that most affects the central nervous system. The knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology needs broadening. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as the NCC experimental model. The aim of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the in situ cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intracranially with viable T. crassiceps cysticerci. The histopathology analysis showed cysticerci in the extraparenchymal and intraventricular region, mononuclear inflammatory infiltration surrounding the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the in situ immune profiles showed a predominance of the Th2 response. The IL-4 and IL-10 dosages were significantly increased in the infected group. The decrease in the INF-gamma dosage reflects the immunomodulation from the cysticerci. In conclusion, a T. crassiceps NCC infection in C57BL/6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type in situ profile, with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, meningitis and microgliosis.
Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using MTA And Ferric Sulfate
Authors: Junqueira Marina Azevedo , Cunha Nayara Nery Oliveira , Caixeta Fernanda Ferreira , Marques Nádia Carolina Teixeira , Oliveira Thais Marchini , Moretti Ana Beatriz da Silveira , Cosme-Silva Leopoldo , Sakai Vivien Thiemy
Published: June 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological outcomes of the dentin-pulp complex from primary molars after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS). Thirty-one primary molars were randomly allocated into MTA or FS groups. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up. Teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis. Clinical and radiographic data were tested by statistical analysis (p≤0.01). Histological outcomes were analyzed descriptively. All of the treated teeth presented clinical success over the experimental periods. Both groups exhibited 100% of radiographic success at 3, 6 and 12 months. At the 18-month follow-up, one tooth from FS group presented inter-radicular radiolucency (p>0.01). Histologically, the treated teeth presented pulp vitality and absence of inflammatory infiltrate into the connective tissue. Only MTA group showed hard tissue barrier surrounded by odontoblasts over the pulp stumps. Both MTA and 15.5% FS are effective for pulpotomies of primary teeth. Although MTA is considered the first-choice material, FS may be a suitable alternative when treatment cost is an issue.
Influência da Energia de Soldagem do Processo RSW sobre as Propriedades Magnéticas e Tensões Residuais no Aço AISI 444
Authors: Baldim Adriano Cássio , Costa Sebastião Carlos da , Silva Manoel Ribeiro da , Mendonça Claudiney de Sales Pereira , Santos Marcos Cirilo dos , Silva Gilbert , Ribeiro Vander Alkmin dos Santos
Published: June 2018

Resumo Os aços inoxidáveis ferríticos vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço na indústria, devido principalmente a sua grande durabilidade e aplicabilidade. Nos últimos anos, o crescente avanço tecnológico da indústria metal mecânica, possibilitou o desenvolvimento de novas ligas e processos de soldagem deste metal. Em meio a estes processos, a soldagem por resistência tem sido muito utilizada por possibilitar rapidez com custo baixo. Muito embora existam poucas informações disponíveis na literatura, é reconhecido que a união pela mescla da atuação simultânea de calor e deformação, presentes no processo de soldagem por resistência, podem interferir diretamente nas propriedades magnéticas e mecânicas dos aços inoxidáveis ferríticos. Assim, uma avaliação destas características em produtos manufaturados torna-se importante em determinados setores industriais, notadamente nos de equipamentos eletrônicos e metrológicos. O objetivo desse artigo é a observação das tensões residuais e propriedades magnéticas em diferentes níveis de energia de soldagem e deformação no processo de soldagem a ponto por resistência elétrica em chapas de aço AISI 444. Os resultados mostraram que a energia de soldagem e deformação afetam as propriedades magnéticas, por outro lado não existe influência substancial na tensão residual.
Prebisch-Cepal: revisitando o “Manifesto de Havana” *
Authors: Amaral Filho Jair do
Published: June 2018

Resumo O retorno às teses seminais da Cepal tornou-se um exercício quase obrigatório para aqueles que se propõem estudar e compreender os problemas atuais da América Latina. O propósito deste texto é fazer um retorno reflexivo aos primórdios da teoria do desenvolvimento econômico da Cepal, tomando como referência o trabalho escrito por Raúl Prebisch Introdução ao Estudo Econômico da América Latina em 1949, ou, como ficou conhecido, o “Manifesto latino-americano”, ou simplesmente, “Manifesto de Havana”. O objetivo específico do trabalho é o de procurar identificar e recuperar a estrutura, as linhas de ideias e teses centrais contidas no Manifesto, considerado a pedra angular da criação da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina-Cepal. O presente texto está dividido em duas partes, além da introdução e conclusão. A primeira aborda o aspecto da força motriz do Manifesto e a segunda parte procura salientar quatro teses, ou linhas de ideias, privilegiadas por Prebisch no citado documento.
Planejamento urbano flexível na cidade contemporânea: contribuições a partir da análise do Plano 22@ Barcelona
Authors: Gadens Letícia Nerone , Bel Joaquin Sabaté
Published: June 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o Plano 22@ Barcelona, considerando que esse exemplo pode aportar reflexões a processos de transformação de áreas urbanas em situação similar. Esse plano se propõe a promover a reconversão de um tecido industrial em um setor de inovação. A pesquisa parte da hipótese de que a forma tradicional de planejamento, racional e finalista, não tem sido capaz de apreender o objeto urbano, definindo um hiato na leitura e compreensão sobre a cidade. A discussão e análise pautam-se em questões identificadas como possíveis contribuições a experiências de transformação urbana similares, inclusive brasileiras. Os resultados evidenciam que o Plano 22@ aporta contribuições à gestão urbana ao exemplificar a prática de transformação territorial a partir de um instrumento que considera implantação progressiva, diversidade morfológica, atuação de diversos agentes e mecanismos que se articulam em distintas escalas, em um sistema flexível de planejamento. No entanto, ressalta-se que ainda permanecem questões presentes em práticas usuais de transformação urbana, sobretudo no que diz respeito à incorporação de aspectos sociais ao processo. Assim, sugere-se a incorporação da dimensão projetual em propostas dessa natureza, considerando, de forma mais apropriada, os resultados físicos territoriais, visando transformações que garantam o pleno direito à cidade.
De la acumulación a la apropiación: una reflexión acerca del espacio público en la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Morente Fran
Published: June 2018

Resumen El giro espacial en las ciencias humanas marca un punto de no retorno en el modo de conceptualizar la relación del ser humano con el espacio. Con la ciudad de fondo, tiempo, espacio y personas se imbrican en una transformación continua. Siguiendo esta estela, el presente artículo hace una aportación teórica al conectar territorio, ciudad y espacio público para ahondar en el conocimiento de éste último. Para ello recorremos tres escalas distintas: partimos de la instrumentalización global del territorio en pos de la acumulación, la fragmentación de la ciudad y la disolución de la identidad urbana y, finalmente, las presiones sobre el espacio público. La organización instrumental del territorio en centros y periferias transforma las ciudades en complejos palimpsestos sociales, y su espacio público, el lugar de encuentro democrático entre anónimos, en lugares donde la individualidad peligra. ¿Existe una réplica desde la microescala? A través de pensadores espaciales como Harvey, Augé y Lefebvre, se presenta, pues, una discusión teórica sobre la tensión entre sistema y sujeto, cosificación y liberación, estructuración y experiencia, en el escenario de la ciudad contemporánea.
Sexualidade e gênero(s): debates e desafios no estágio de licenciatura em psicologia
Authors: Santos Sheila Daniela Medeiros dos , Paranahyba Jordana de Castro Balduino
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar e problematizar uma experiência de estágio de licenciatura em Psicologia consolidada através de um projeto de extensão (minicurso) destinado aos jovens de uma instituição de educação profissional técnica de nível médio, localizada na região central do município de Goiânia. Esta experiência, implementada pelos licenciandos(as) do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, efetivou-se a partir do referencial teórico de Pandita-Pereira (2013) e Sekkel (2010). As análises dos dados mostraram que a elaboração de projetos de extensão no estágio de licenciatura em Psicologia consolida-se como uma proposta inovadora, uma vez que os(as) licenciandos(as), as professoras formadoras (docentes universitárias) e a comunidade escolar têm a possibilidade de se apropriarem coletivamente de conhecimentos que transformam as suas concepções teóricas conscientizando-se do papel que possuem como sujeitos históricos na luta contra as formas opressoras que discriminam e estigmatizam os indivíduos considerados diferentes em uma sociedade normativa e excludente.
A pesquisa no campo da política educacional: perspectivas teórico-epistemológicas e o lugar do pluralismo
Authors: MAINARDES JEFFERSON
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das perspectivas teórico-epistemológicas de uma amostra de 140 artigos de política educacional, de autores brasileiros, publicados entre 2010 e 2012. A maioria dos trabalhos foi classificada na categoria teorização combinada, a qual remete ao pluralismo metodológico. Concluiu-se que: a) há necessidade de aprofundar as discussões sobre o pluralismo metodológico e das possibilidades e dos limites da teorização combinada como fundamento para a pesquisa do campo da política educacional; b) o aprofundamento do estudo da epistemologia e das teorias que têm sido usadas na pesquisa em educação emerge como uma tarefa relevante no contexto atual, uma vez que o referencial teórico exerce um papel fundamental na pesquisa.
Study of the influence of the mortar fine recycled aggregate ratio and the mixing sequence on the behavior of new mortars
Authors: Silva Neto Gilberto Alves da , Leite Mônica Batista
Published: June 2018

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of mortars by replacing a natural fine aggregate (NFA) with mortar fine recycled aggregate (MFRA), with dimensions of less than 2.4mm. In addition, the influence of the mixing sequence over the performance of these mortars was analyzed. For this purpose, the replacement contents, by weight, of 20% and 40%, and two mixing sequences were adopted: the sequence of the Brazilian Standard, NBR 7215 (ABNT, 1996) and an adaptation for mortars (MDE, in Portuguese, Mistura em Duas Etapas) of the Two-Stage Mixing Approach (TSMA), proposed by Tam, Gao and Tam (2005) for recycled concrete. The mortars were produced with cement CPV-ARI, using a mixing proportion of 1.0:5.0 (cement:aggregate, by weight) and a constant water/cement rate of 0.88. To analyze the behavior of the recycled mortars, they were tested in the fresh state and in the hardened state. The study concluded that the partial replacement of the NFA with the MFRA improved some properties of the recycled mortars: the air entrained content and the water absorption rate by capillarity decreased, and the mechanical performance increased. Regarding the influence of the mixing sequence, the adoption of the MDE promoted a better behavior on the mortar properties evaluated.
Influence of production systems on the properties of fresh and hardened shotcrete
Authors: Cechin Gabriela , Stolz Carina Mariane , Masuero Ângela Borges
Published: June 2018

Abstract In modern shotcrete operations, the mixing and pumping steps are carried out using different production systems and equipment. This adds an element of uncertainty to the process because of variables such as mixer type, rotation speed, mixing time, etc. As a result, this may result in changes to the characteristics and properties of both fresh and hardened sprayed mortar and may ultimately impair the performance of the rendering material. This study assesses the influence of production systems, particularly the mixing process, on the properties of fresh and hardened sprayed mortar. The methods used comprehend the collection and testing of mortar samples produced in wet-mix and dry-mix shotcrete systems, as well as a pre-packaged mortar batched and mixed in a laboratory mixer under controlled conditions according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison of means using Fisher’s method. A statistically significant difference was observed in the flow table index, water retention, flexural strength and capillarity coefficient of the mortars produced using wet- and dry-mix systems.
Statistical analysis of test methods to evaluate rendering surface properties
Authors: Carasek Helena , Vaz Fernando Henrique , Cascudo Oswaldo
Published: June 2018

Abstract The objective of this study is to discuss the results of two test methods used to evaluate rendering surface properties: the superficial tensile strength (STS) and the pendulum rebound hammer (which provides the rebound index - RI), besides evaluating, additionally, the tensile bond strength (BS). The studied variables were the type of mortar (job-site mortar and dry-mix mortar) and the render moisture at the time of testing (in four contents). For each test, a minimum of 45 determinations was planned per analyzed situation, totaling 1411 valid results, which allowed a consistent statistical analysis and an in-depth discussion of the methods. The STS and RI tests were sensitive at a 95% confidence level to differentiate mortars from different strengths and were therefore approved for this evaluation. The most significant effect in all statistical models tested was the type of mortar. The variable moisture condition of the render was significant only for the results of STS and BS. In such cases, tests performed with wet or saturated renders presented much lower strength results compared to those carried out with air- dried renders. It was possible to obtain a significant correlation between STS and BS, with a high coefficient of determination.
Physical-mechanical performance criteria of cement-soil mortars for earth building coating
Authors: Milani Ana Paula da Silva , Dias Flávia Gaspar Rangel
Published: June 2018

Abstract Soil as a mortar aggregate may improve the physical-mechanical compatibility between the coating system and earth-wall substrate, as well as present greater durability when stabilised with cement. Based on these concepts, the physical-mechanical behaviour of mortars comprising soil, cement, lime and admixture was analysed to be used as coating for earth constructions. Cement-soil mortars using the ratio of sandy soil equal to or less than 1:6 in the cement:soil dosage shows a potential for an application as earth wall coating. However, to improve its workability in the fresh state, it is necessary to add hydrated lime or chemical admixture at a limited proportion so it does not damage the physical performance of the mortar. To qualify the cement-soil mortars for earth building coating, the minimum requirements for volumetric shrinkage, tensile bond strength and compressive strength must be met simultaneously and the following criteria are indicated: minimum compressive strength of 4 MPa; zero volumetric shrinkage index and minimum tensile bond strength of 0.20 MPa.
Aspecto prescritivo das normas de sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários e sua relação com a verificação automática de modelos BIM
Authors: Corrêa Fabiano Rogerio , Oliveira Lúcia Helena de , Takagaki Carolina Yumi Kubo
Published: June 2018

Resumo É prática comum a divisão de projetos de edifícios em subsistemas, o que resulta em dificuldades no gerenciamento do processo. O emprego de modelos BIM propicia a visualização da interação desses subsistemas e a verificação automática de critérios normativos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a viabilidade da verificação automática de modelos BIM segundo as recomendações das normas técnicas de sistemas prediais de água fria, água quente e de esgoto sanitário. O método consiste em levantar recomendações normativas e transformá-las em regras que possam ser verificadas automaticamente por meio de programas de computador. Os resultados mostram que regras de simples comparação e relacionadas a propriedades de elementos individualizados são possíveis de ser parametrizadas, mas também evidenciam que as atuais normas técnicas apresentam poucas recomendações que podem ser transformadas em regras. Conclui-se que, no caso de sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários, a verificação completa e automática de modelos BIM só seria viável em um cenário em que as normas técnicas fossem integralmente prescritivas, para maximizar a cobertura de análise de projetos. Porém, como esse cenário não necessariamente aumenta a qualidade das soluções no sistema projetado, entende-se que a verificação automática possuirá um papel secundário enquanto não houver mudança no paradigma desse tipo de automatização.
Incorporação de ar em materiais cimentícios: uma nova abordagem para o desenvolvimento de argamassas de revestimento
Authors: Romano Roberto Cesar de Oliveira , Cincotto Maria Alba , Pileggi Rafael Giuliano
Published: June 2018

Resumo A utilização de incorporadores de ar em argamassas de revestimento é comum no setor construtivo e estudada há muitos anos, seja na academia ou em centros privados de pesquisa. Por isso, uma gama muito ampla de informações obtidas com os inúmeros estudos são reportadas em literatura, na maioria dos casos ilustrando os efeitos da incorporação de ar, trabalhabilidade, espalhamento, módulo de elasticidade, aumento da permeabilidade ao ar, etc. No entanto, poucas informações são obtidas com relação às causas que resultam em tais efeitos, o que pode ser considerada a fonte das incertezas e empirismo durante o processo de desenvolvimento de tais composições cimentícias. Assim, neste trabalho é apresentada uma revisão sobre as variáveis que influenciam na incorporação de ar nos sistemas cimentícios, que aponta para o impacto da utilização do aditivo na água em presença de cimento (pasta) e na argamassa como um todo.
Contribuição para a avaliação de ciclo de vida na quantificação de impactos ambientais de sistemas construtivos
Authors: Medeiros Larissa Mendes , Durante Luciane Cleonice , Callejas Ivan Júlio Apolonio
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este estudo consiste em uma avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) aplicada a uma edificação de ensino localizada na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. O objetivo foi identificar a contribuição dos sistemas construtivos de fundação e superestrutura, ambos em concreto armado, vedações compostas por tijolos cerâmicos e argamassas, cobertura com telhas termoacústicas, esquadrias em alumínio e revestimentos cerâmicos nas categorias de impacto ambiental definidas na metodologia. Considerou-se a abordagem de berço ao portão para uma unidade funcional de 1,0 m2 de área construída. O inventário do ciclo de vida (ICV) foi elaborado a partir da base de dados Ecoinvent 2.0, adotando-se o World ReCiPe midpoint H como método de avaliação do impacto do ciclo de vida (AICV). Utilizou-se o software SimaPro 8.0 para modelagem. Constatou-se que os sistemas de superestrutura, cobertura e vedações foram os mais contributivos, o que reforça a necessidade de busca de alternativas inovadoras para minimizar os impactos ambientais dos sistemas tradicionalmente praticados. Contribui-se dessa forma para o desenvolvimento da ACV no Brasil ao se discutir os gargalos e dificuldades encontrados para sua aplicação. Demonstram-se ainda as adaptações necessárias nos inventários dos processos europeus de fabricação para maior adequabilidade à realidade brasileira, visto que os nacionais ainda são incipientes.
High quality of mortar with marble waste aggregate
Authors: Barbosa Maria Teresa Gomes , Santos White José dos , Coura Claudia Valéria Gávio
Published: June 2018

Abstract The use of industrial waste has raised great interest regarding its potential of contributing both to the reduction of costs and to sustainable development. In this context, there has been an increasingly high number of studies addressing the use of alternative materials in the construction industry, especially when considering the difficulty in obtaining building materials near urban centers, which results in an increase in the final price due to transportation costs. This research has characterized and evaluated the use of crushed marble waste to replace natural sand in the production of mortar. Many admixtures of mortar were subject to research regarding their physical and mechanical properties. It has been concluded that mortars produced with sand made of crushed marble waste have improved mechanical properties when compared to traditional mortar.
Reperfusion in acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Fernandes Caio Julio Cesar dos Santos , Jardim Carlos Vianna Poyares , Alves Jr José Leonidas , Oleas Francisca Alexandra Gavilanes , Morinaga Luciana Tamie Kato , Souza Rogério de
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is a highly prevalent condition (104-183 cases per 100,000 person-years) and is potentially fatal. Approximately 20% of patients with APTE are hypotensive, being considered at high risk of death. In such patients, immediate lung reperfusion is necessary in order to reduce right ventricular afterload and to restore hemodynamic stability. To reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in APTE and, consequently, to improve right ventricular function, lung reperfusion strategies have been developed over time and widely studied in recent years. In this review, we focus on advances in the indication and use of systemic thrombolytic agents, as well as lung reperfusion via endovascular and classical surgical approaches, in APTE.
PBMC Isolation from apheresis collars with SepMate tubes v4
Authors: Goyal Girija
Published: June 2018

Commonly used protocol to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells from whole human blood or apheresis packs
The CA-Markov Analysis steps v1
Authors: Ping Chen , yujun Sun , Saeed Sajjad
Published: June 2018

This is the step by step analysis using the CA-Markov using the IDRISI17.0
Uniting to end tuberculosis: World Health Organization
Authors: SHRİVASTAVA Saurabh Rambiharilal , SHRİVASTAVA Prateek Saurabh
Published: June 2018

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Akılcı İlaç Kullanımında Genel İlkeler
Authors: Ergün Yusuf , Altıntaş Aykan Duygun
Published: June 2018

Akılcı ilaç kullanımı (AİK)
ilaçlarla tedavi ilkelerinin temelini oluşturan çok önemli bir konudur.
Üretici firmalardan, sağlık meslek mensuplarından ve uyunçtan kaynaklanan birçok
soruna rağmen, AİK ilkelerinin kanıta dayalı bilgiler ışığında klinik pratikte
dikkate alınması etkili ve güvenli bir tedavi için elzemdir. Bu nedenle bu
ilkelerin uygulanabilmesi için hem mezuniyet öncesi hem de mezuniyet sonrası
tıp eğitiminde bu konuya yer verilmelidir.
Factors associated with utilization of antenatal care services among rural women, Telangana, India
Authors: Narayan Das Biranchi , Kanakamedala Seshasai , Mummadi Mahesh kumar
Published: June 2018

Background: Antenatal care is the essential health care extended to pregnant women. Complete antenatal health care includes four antenatal visits, 2 TT injections, and consumption of 100 Iron and Folic acid tablets. In Telangana state the proportion of mothers received full ante natal care in rural area is only 37.3%. Hence, the present study conducted with an objective to assess the factors associated with utilization of antenatal care services among rural women in Telangana state.Methods: The study is a community based cross sectional study. It was conducted in villages of Moinabad Mandal of Telangana state. Sample size was calculated to 373.Out of 26 villages 20 villages were chosen randomly and from each village 20 houses were selected by stratified random method. Married women delivered at least one child during last five years were included. Pretested questionnaire was administered. The data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by SPSS.Results: Among 373 participants, 89.3% mothers registered during 1st trimester, 92.8% confirmed their pregnancy in the Government sector, 81.3% mothers had four or more antenatal visits, nearly 87.7% mothers received two doses of TT and 77.2% had taken more than 100 Iron tablets. The factors identified to be having statistically significant (p< 0.05) association with better utilization of antenatal care were age at child birth >25 years, education10th class and above, Working mothers, first child birth, Socioeconomic class I- IV and early registration. On application of simple logistic regression predictors were found to be age, education, occupation, birth order, SES and early registration.Conclusions: Awareness should be made by the ASHA workers, ANMs and Anganwadi workers through better education and motivation of the target groups such as young mothers, homemakers, low socio-economic status groups and late registered mothers for better utilization.
Tracheotomy revisited: results of a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Qadri Mir Sajad , Shafi Omar Mohammed
Published: June 2018

Background: Tracheotomy is one of the oldest surgeries performed to bypass the obstructed airway to save life in emergency. The aim of present study was to assess the status of this traditional surgery in present clinical settings of technical advancement with special reference to the controversial issue like, is horizontal incision a better choice over the traditional vertical incision?

Methods: Retrospective study of 67 cases of surgical tracheotomy done from April 2017 to March 2018 and photographic assessment of the scar site in the patients who had undergone tracheotomy in the past at least more than a year before the commencement of the study period i.e. before 2015.  

Results: Prolonged ventilator support is the commonest indication for surgical tracheotomy comprising more than 55% of cases in present study followed by traumatic obstruction (19%) and neoplastic obstruction (18%) of upper airway. Although horizontal skin incision is increasingly being used but vertical incision remains incision of choice in emergency settings.

Conclusions: The inflammatory conditions are no longer prime indicators for surgical tracheotomy. Horizontal skin incision has no significant advantage over vertical incision, which is still preferred in emergency settings.

 
Objective screening of hearing impairment using brainstem evoked response audiometry in children below 5 years of age and assessing the high risk factors
Authors: Patil Mallikarjun , Handi Prakash , Prasenkumar K. R. , Gouripur Kranti
Published: June 2018

Background: Hearing impairment is a common disability in children. This study is to evaluate the common high risk factors for hearing loss in our locality and to estimate hearing threshold by brain stem evoked response audiometry.

Methods: 100 children under five years were subjected to brainstem evoked response audiometry. Wave V morphology was studied and hearing threshold estimated. The high risk factor(s) were analysed and degree of hearing impairment assessed.  

Results: 38 children were found to have hearing impairment. Most of the children had bilateral hearing impairment. Of them 30 children (79%) had profound hearing loss. Consanguineous marriage was the most common risk factor.

Conclusions: Since consanguinity is the most common risk factor, health education and genetic counselling will help to decrease the incidence of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. Improvement in immunization for rubella can decrease the hearing impairment due to these infections. Due to availability of medical facilities hearing impairment due to perinatal factors have decreased.
Propellar flap: safe, reliable option for coverage of exposed tendo achilles
Authors: Jammula Srinivas S. , Rangachari Srikanth , Panagatla Prakash
Published: June 2018

Background: Stable skin cover over exposed tendo achilles is absolutely essential for proper healing and recovery of tendo achilles function. Exposed tendo achilles can be a result of open injuries, repair of closed TArupture, complications after repair like suture dehiscence, skin necrosis, infection, delayed exposure and recurrent rupture. Various methods have been described for coverage of repaired tendo achilles like distally based skin flaps, advancement flap, free tissue transfers and islanded flaps. This study describes the usefulness of islanded propeller flap for stable skin cover over tendo achilles.

Methods: Over a period of 4 years from March 2012 to August 2016 with total cases were 6, all male patients between 16 to 56 years of age were included in the study. Method of tendo achilles repair/reconstruction was planned, based on individual case requirement. All patients underwent islanded propeller flap for coverage of exposed tendo achilles. All cases were followed up for at least 1 year.

Results: All flaps except one case survived and on follow up the function of tendo achilles was excellent with stable, supple, healthy skin overlying the tendon. Tendoachilles strength was assessed by asking the patient to stand on toes.

Conclusions: Islanded propeller flap cover over tendoachilles provides a stable, reliable, single stage procedure with good aesthetic appearance. 
THE FINANCIALIZATION PROCESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE MEXICAN PRODUCTIVE SECTOR (1990-2016)
Authors: Lapa Javier
Published: June 2018

The process of economic financialization is defined as a stage of the capitalist system in which the profits obtained through financial channels acquire a growing importance, regarding to those related to production and distribution. The effects of this process are not limited to the financial sector, they also impact the productive one, at a macro and micro-economic level.In this sense, the Mexican Financial System (SFM) has gone through reforms arising from the adoption of a neoliberal growth model; according to which that financial liberalization contributes to the strengthening of both the financial and productive sector, creating a positive relationship among them.

With the objective of evaluating, if this has materialized in the case of the Mexican economy,in this work is carried out; on one hand, a descriptive statistical analysis on the evolution of the financing granted to the productive sector; and on the other hand, an econometric analysis through a panel data model, relating to the plant investment; to identify the effects of such process, in the levels of productive reinvestment. That is, through the analysis of the two main links between the sectors involved, the implied risks of the process of financialization are showed, for a developing economy as the Mexican.
A STUDY OF OVER THE COUNTER-PHARMACEUTICAL SALES ON THE INTERNET IN CHINA
Authors: Yangzi Yuanyi , Wenzhen Shi , Takashi Kondoh
Published: June 2018

Purpose of Study: The Pharmaceutical industry in China has been increasing its market: Aging society, urbanization, upgrading of structure of consumption, reform for pharmaceutical market by the government. However, it is still under development regarding e-commerce in china. The objectives of this research is to consider the future trends of Over the Counter (OTC) pharmaceutical sales on the internet in China.

Methodology: Questionnaire survey regarding pharmaceutical sales on the internet. Investigated 260 respondents live in China. The questions mainly asked about the purchase of medicines during respondents’ lifetimes and how respondents made decisions about the purchases of general medicine on the Internet.

Main Findings: We found that regarding the age of 26­­­­­­­‑35 have the strong potential of purchasing on the internet.At the same timefound that the retail shop has becoming convenient, based on walking distance to drugstore.

Implications of study: This study can apply for decision making regarding the purchase of OTC pharmaceutical sales on the internet in China. Also, this study can be refereed when concerning about the system of online pharmaceutical sales.

Originality of study: The originality of study is that we designed the questionnaire survey based on abundant lows which connected to pharmaceutical sales on the internet. And we conducted the survey to the consumers so that we can understand the consciousness of the consumers.
The awareness of healthcare workers about hazardous substances used in a tertiary hospital
Authors: GÜL Serdar Savaş , ESEN Mehmet
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Potentially hazardous materials are commonly used during health practices in
the hospital environments. Management of hazardous substances is of great
importance. Inadequate training of personnel for use and disposal of hazardous
materials were reported by some studies. The aim of present study was to create
awareness among healthcare workers for hazardous substances. Methods: A survey was carried out on 204 healthcare workers (125 females and 79 males;
mean age: 33.8 ± 12.9 years) to measure their level of knowledge about
hazardous substances used in hospitals. Results: Hospital departments were
investigated and it was found that listing of dangerous substances were
missing, their locations were not fixed, and they were not stored in isolated
areas. Sixty percent of the participants considered themselves not having
enough knowledge about hazardous materials. Ninety percent of the respondents
thought that warning signs and symbols placed on hazardous material storage
cabinets are useful. It was determined that warning signs for flammable,
hazardous for environment, corrosive and explosive were significantly less
known compared to symbols (p = 0.037,
p = 0.018, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001,
respectively). Conclusions: It was concluded that healthcare workers did not
have sufficient information about hazardous substances. Healthcare workers
should be trained effectively on hazardous substances issue.
探析土地资源管理中的规划利用问题及其措施
Authors: 孙 杰
Published: June 2018

土地资源管理中的规划利用是合理调节、分配、控制土地利用的有利工具,为了促进城市建设的健康发展,必须加 强土地利用的科学规划,从而使土地资源得到合理、高效、集约利用。基于此,本文阐述了土地资源规划利用的主要作用,对土 地资源管理中的规划利用问题及其措施进行了探讨分析。
加强电力法制建设 防范企业法律风险
Authors: 闻 清
Published: June 2018

市场经济就是法制经济,在企业经营中必不可少的要涉及到企业风险管理。我们在分析了企业中存在的各种风险 之后发现,通常这些风险最终都是法律风险,做好法律风险防范工作对于企业的生存和发展具有至关重要的作用。鉴于此,本 文将探究防范企业法律风险的重要性,以用电力企业法制建设存在的问题,并提出应对及防范措施,旨在全面提升电力企业 法制建设水平。
浅谈回弹法在建筑工程检测方面的应用
Authors: 邓 珊珊
Published: June 2018

建筑行业和人民生活关系巨大,而近年来,建筑行业发展越来越快,人民对建筑需求的多样化导致建筑质量的标准 也越来越高,随着建筑行业的发展建筑安全问题也层出不穷。为了满足人民需求,保护国家和人民财产的安全,建筑部门也对 于建筑工程的质量检测越来越重视,为了提高房屋建筑工程的质量,工程质量检测机构也要严格按照国家和行业标准进行 检测,并不断提高对房屋建筑工程质量检测行为的监管水平,针对房屋建筑工程质量检测的现状,以及对我国的建筑工程质 量检测的监管水平提高等问题,本文将浅析回弹法在建筑工程检测方面的应用,并且就房屋建筑工程的现状以及对房屋建 筑工程质量检测的监管作了以下分析。
关于市政景观工程建设的探讨
Authors: 郑 凯元
Published: June 2018

随着中国经济的快速发展,市政工程越来越受到重视。城市建设质量与城市经济发展有关。在现代概念中,除了实 用性和经济性之外,市政工程的美学也不容忽视。市政工程的景观设计决定了市政工程的美。老城区的改造和新城区的建设 都为市政工程的景观设计带来了难得的机遇。在提高市政工程实用性的基础上,抓住这些机遇,科学规划市政工程,提高城市 形象,增加城市美观。另外,在中华民族五千年的传统历史中,不同的城市都有其特有的历史文化遗产。这些历史的细节和文 化遗产可以体现在旧城区的城市重建和新城区的建设中。突出显示增加城市的韵味。本文就市政景观工程建设存在的问题, 探讨了科学的实践建设策略,从观念的转变,打造生态城市景观,增加设计的艺术性等方面进行了详细的分析。
市政桥梁抗震设计初探
Authors: 刘 立宏
Published: June 2018

地震一直是严重危害人类社会的自然灾害。如果受灾地区的交通线路受损,将给救灾工作带来很大困难,影响灾 后恢复工作,加剧次生灾害,造成更大的损失。作为交通线的关键环节,桥梁结构的抗震性能已成为人们特别关心的问题。
简析市政道路工程招投标存在的问题及其措施
Authors: 王 国庆
Published: June 2018

随着市场经济的不断发展,市政道路工程招投标制度引入了竞争机制,有效提高了项目投资效率。但是,在实施过程中仍然存在很多问题。在此基础上,简要分析了市政道路工程招投标中存在的主要问题和措施,旨在提高市政道路工程的效益。
浅析市政道路施工中施工技术
Authors: 王 晓菊
Published: June 2018

经济的迅猛发展推动了我国的城市化建设,市政道路为人们的生产生活提供了更加便利的交通条件。随着国民经济水平的提高,人们对物质生活水平的要求逐日提高,这就对市政道路的行车质量提出了更高的要求,为了提高市政道路的施工质量,推动我国公路交通事业的繁荣,同时满足人们对周围生活环境日益提高的新要求,道路施工企业需要加强对施工工艺及相关技术的研究,并进行一系列的创新。
装配式住宅在绿色建筑中的应用实例分析
Authors: 马 建华
Published: June 2018

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,绿色环保理念逐渐深入人心,进而也对居住环境提出更高要求,在此背景下,装配式住宅应运而生,其不仅可大幅度延长建筑的应用寿命,同时还可真正实现节能减排,避免了建筑施工对环境以及人们身心健康造成的不良影响,并提供出美观实用、绿色环保的现代化住宅。基于此,文章主要对装配式住宅在绿色建筑中的实践应用进行了分析与研究。
建筑设计院档案管理问题研究
Authors: 钟 小丽
Published: June 2018

建筑设计院经营管理过程中会涉及大量的图纸资料等档案文件,这些档案是建筑工程设计的真实记录,也是建筑领域信息传递、科学研究的重要依据,为了充分发挥建筑设计档案的作用,本文阐述了建筑设计院档案管理的主要作用,对建筑设计院档案管理存在的主要问题进行了探讨分析,并论述了建筑设计院档案管理方法及其措施,旨在促进建筑业的健康发展。
提高建筑结构抗震能力的设计要点
Authors: 米 莹
Published: June 2018

我国建筑行业已经进入了快速发展时期,人们越来越的关注房屋建筑的安全性能,稳定性能,其中房屋建筑的抗震性能越来越的受到人们的广泛关注。另外,我国属于地震频发国家,社会各界更是将目光聚集到了建筑结构在抗震性能上的设计是否合理,能否达到抗震要求。同时为了保证人民能够健康平安的生活 ,也为了提高房屋建筑的抗震性能,减少由于房屋建筑设计不合理导致地震二次伤害,本文从多方面多因素考虑,根据地震破坏原理,系统的分析建筑结构抗震能力的影响因素,并提出了一些我认为合理的设计观点。
简析城市建筑规划设计与建筑设计的协调
Authors: 许 跃东
Published: June 2018

建筑设计内容的不断丰富,不仅提升了建筑的整体质量和品质,也为城市规划工作作出了突出的贡献,在突出城市特色方面起到了重要的作用。虽然从表面看,城市规划和建筑设计是两种不同的工作,不过在城市发展过程中,这两者却存在着一定的协调性,通过对两者关系的分析和阐述,可以有效的提升我国城市建设的水平 ,促进其长久发展道路的实施。
简析建筑电气节能设计及其安装施工
Authors: 郭 甲锋
Published: June 2018

建筑电气节能设计及其安装施工必须保证建筑的实用性、功能性。同时必须符合国家制定的标准。并且建筑电气设备是整个建筑耗能的重点内容,其直接或间接影响到整个建筑工程的应用,基于此,本文阐述了建筑电气节能设计的主要原则,对建筑电气节能设计要点及其建筑电气安装施工要点进行了简要分析。
关于水利建筑工程造价控制的探讨
Authors: 江 舟
Published: June 2018

水利建筑工程建设是国家基础设施建设的重要内容,水利建筑工程造价控制是动态工程,其贯穿于水利工程项目建设的全过程。为了提高水利建筑工程的经济效益,本文阐述了水利建筑工程造价控制的重要意义及其造价特征,对水利建筑工程造价控制存在的主要问题及其策略进行了探讨分析 ,旨在保障水利建筑工程建设的顺利进行。
高层建筑给排水专业设计及施工要点
Authors: 张 冰
Published: June 2018

这些年我国社会经济飞速发展,土地资源在一座城市当中可以说是稀缺物品,为能够促使这一问题得到很好地解决,大量高层建筑蜂拥而至,同时高层建筑相关技术也如雨后春笋般出现。在高层建筑当中,给排水系统是风非常重要的构成内容,给排水设计是否科学与合理对人们的日常生活有着直接性的影响。接下来,本论文针对高层建筑给排水专业设计及施工要点进行相关论述,望能够对大家具有一定的可参考价值。
探析城市规划建设中的生态城市规划
Authors: 刘 振威
Published: June 2018

随着城市化建设的不断推进,使得环境污染日益严重,制约了城市建设的健康发展,因此为了促进城市建设的可持续发展,本文阐述了城市规划建设中的生态城市规划要求及其原则,并论述了市规划建设中的生态城市规划内容,对城市规划建设中的生态城市规划问题及其策略进行了探讨分析。
浅论现代建筑给排水工程节能减排的重要性及其设计要点
Authors: 李 元平
Published: June 2018

随着社会经济的发展以及工业化程度的不断提高,使得水资源的日益短缺,而现代建筑给排水节能减排是缓解水资源问题的客观需求。并且给排水作为耗能大户是建筑行业的一个重要的分项工程,必须对其采取节能减排进行合理设计。基于此,本文阐述了现代建筑给排水工程的现状问题,对现代建筑给排水工程节能减排的重要性及其设计要点进行了论述分析,旨在加强水资源的有效利用。
简析园林绿化工程的园林绿化养护管理
Authors: 黎 江萍
Published: June 2018

园林工程绿化养护管理水平与园林景观有着直接的关系,所以在园林绿化养护管理工作中,一定要注重它的科学性与规范性,使园林绿化工程水平得到全面提升,基于此,本文阐述了园林绿化工程的园林绿化养护管理特征及其重要性,对园林绿化工程的园林绿化养护管理要点进行了简要分析,并论述了园林绿化工程中的园林绿化养护管理问题及其措施。
路桥施工企业工程成本核算问题探究
Authors: 周 婷
Published: June 2018

路桥工程属于一项利国利民的重要工程，在社会经济发展以及人们的日常生活、生产中扮演着十分重要的角色，进而也对该工程修建质量提出更高要求。在此情况下，很多施工企业均加大了施工成本的投入力度，为对这些资金进行有效控制和充分利用，必须要开展完善可行的工程成本核算工作。鉴于此，文章主要对路桥施工企业工程成本核算问题进行 了探究。
Robotlarla Bağlanma ve Cinsellik: Ruh Sağlığı Bakış Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Morsünbül Ümit
Published: June 2018

Robot teknolojisinin
çok hızlı ilerlediği günümüzde robotların insan yaşamındaki yeri ve derecesi
büyük tartışmalara yol açmaktadır. Robotla birlikte yaşamak, robotla evlenmek
istemek ve robotla cinsel ilişki konularında ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının bakış
açısı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında robotların bebek,
çocuk, yaşlı bakımında kullanılması ve robotlarla yakınlık, bağlanma ve cinsellik
konusunda literatür ruh sağlığı bakış açısından incelenmiştir.
Yaşam Boyu Sağlıklı Yaşam ve İyilik Hali
Authors: Korkut Owen Fidan , Demirbaş Çelik Nur
Published: June 2018

Yaşam boyu her alanda sağlıklı olabilmek ve iyilik halini sürdürebilmek bireylerin doğrudan kontrollerinde olmayan, aileden getirilen kalıtsal etmenler, hava kirliliği gibi çevresel etmenler ve yetersiz sağlık sistemi gibi sistemik etmenler nedeniyle her zaman olası ya da kolay olmayabilir. Öte yandan bireyler sağlıklı yaşam alışkanlıkları ile pek çok hastalığı önleyebilmektedir. İyilik halinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi olarak tanımlandığı dikkate alındığında bunu sağlayan davranışların neler olduğu önem kazanmaktadır. Bu davranışlar, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme alışkanlıklarına sahip olma, stresi iyi yönetebilme, düzenli fiziksel etkinlik yapma, spiritüel büyümeyi destekleyici etkinlikler yapma, kişilerarası ilişkileri canlı tutma ve bu konularda sorumluluk alma olarak özetlenmektedir. Bu makalede yaşam boyu gelişim dikkate alınarak çocukluk/gençlik, beliren yetişkinlik ve yetişkinlik/ileri yaştaki yetişkinlik dönemlerindeki bireylerin iyilik hallerine yönelik yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca her dönem için tüm ruh sağlığı profesyonellerin yapabileceklerine ilişkin bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Beslenme
Authors: İLİK Şenay , SAYIN Fatma Kübra
Published: June 2018

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) gösteren çocukların birçok probleminin yanı sıra beslenme problemi de uzun vadede aile ve çocuğun yaşamını etkileyen önemli problemdir. Bu problemin hafife alınması, kişinin yaşam kalitesini düşürür, bir başkasına bağımlılığını artırır, birçok sağlık problemini beraberinde getirir. Bu araştırmanın amacı OSB gösteren çocukların beslenme ile ilgili durumlarının belirlenmesi ve bu konuda çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Yöntem: Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 25 anne, 5 baba olmak üzere 30 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş ‘OSB’li Çocukların Beslenmeleri Hakkında Ebeveyn Görüşme Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen nitel veriler nitel analiz yöntemlerinden olan betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Tartışma: OSB’li çocukların beslenmeleri ile ilgili en temel beslenme sorunları gıda seçiciliği ve hızlı yeme olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yeme davranışlarının ve sorunlarının, ailelerin yaklaşımlarının ve başa çıkma becerilerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Ailelerin çocuklarının beslenmeleri konusunda çaresiz hissettikleri ve rehberliğe gereksinim duydukları görülmektedir.
Kadına Yönelik Cinsel Saldırı Sonrası Müdahalede Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları
Authors: SARUÇ Semra , ASLANTÜRK Hüsnünur
Published: June 2018

Cinsel şiddetin bir türü olan cinsel saldırıya, kadınların erkeklere oranla daha fazla maruz kaldıkları bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, cinsel saldırı sonrası müdahale genellikle kadınlar üzerine şekillenmekte, kadın bu tür uygulamalarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Cinsel saldırıya maruz kalan kadınların, öncelikle her boyutuyla sağlık hizmetine olan ihtiyacı, sadece fiziksel olarak tanı ve tedavi boyutunda değil, cinsel saldırının doğası gereği psikolojik, duygusal, sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda sağlığın bileşenlerini de ön plana çıkarıcı müdahalelere duyulan ihtiyacı arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, cinsel saldırıya maruz kalan kadınlara yapılan müdahalede, tıbbi sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Bu genel çerçevede,bu çalışmanın amacı, sadece bireysel olarak cinsel saldırıya maruz kalan kadınla değil, ailesiyle, çevresiyle, toplumla bireysel, grup ve toplum düzeyinde yapılandırılan tıbbi sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının yeri ve önemini tartışmaktır.