bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and susceptibility to autism‐related traits: the EARLI and HOME studies
Authors: Patti Marisa A. , Croen Lisa A. , Chen Aimin , Fallin M. Daniele , Khoury Jane , Lyall Kristen , Newschaffer Craig , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Yolton Kimberly , Braun Joseph M.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to examine whether familial susceptibility for autism, intensity of ASD‐related behaviors, or prepregnancy BMI influences the association of GWG with ASD‐related behaviors.

Methods

Using data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) study (n = 136), a familial enriched cohort of mothers who had a previous child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) study (n = 253), a general population cohort, gestational age and prepregnancy BMI category‐specific GWG z scores were calculated. Caregivers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess the presence and severity of ASD‐related traits in children aged 3 to 8 years. Using quantile regression, the association between GWG z scores and ASD‐related behaviors in children was estimated.

Results

In HOME, among mothers who had overweight or obesity prepregnancy BMI values, GWG z scores and SRS scores were positively associated in children with more ASD‐related traits (higher SRS scores), but not in children with fewer ASD‐related traits. Similar patterns were observed in EARLI among mothers with prepregnancy obesity.

Conclusions

GWG may be associated with autism‐related behaviors among children who have a greater predisposition to these behaviors and who have mothers with prepregnancy overweight or obesity.
International financial reporting standards convergence in the Indian context: Insights from practitioners
Authors: Uzma Shigufta Hena
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to first, understand the existing status of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind‐AS) and its convergence from the perspective of accounting practitioners in India; and second, to elucidate the benefits and challenges while implementing Ind‐AS. The paper exemplifies the Ind‐AS convergence to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) thereon cited as Ind‐AS. The study considers exploratory research design and uses an in‐depth interview approach, a qualitative research method of 32 practitioners in India from a heterogeneous group of 6 regulating institutions, 8 conglomerate companies and 18 audit firms including the Big four. The preparedness of the Ind‐AS transition was studied from the perspective of accounting practitioners interviewed revealing three critical perspectives. First, the respondents believed that a greater understanding of the benefits of IFRS convergence can be built by professional education and proper training. Second, the main challenges reflected by the respondents on the implementation of Ind‐AS can be summarised in two key areas: the complexity and interpretation of the accounting standards, since there are fundamental differences between IFRS and the converged Ind‐AS. Third, by strengthening the regulatory framework for monitoring, enforcing accounting and auditing requirements concerning listed companies.
A comprehensive review on natural fillers reinforced polymer composites using fused deposition modeling
Authors: Periyasamy Ramesh , Hemanth Kumar Mohit , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart
Published: April 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used more widely because of the simplicity of the operating procedures. It decreases material consumption during part production and eliminates material waste. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), a well‐known AM process, uses thermoplastic polymer as a feedstock to manufacture the end design. Pure thermoplastic‐based products are still utilized as prototypes in several sectors due to their lack of strength and durability. This problem has been solved by strengthening the thermoplastics by adding a reinforcing element. Composites are made of polymers and various constituents known as reinforcing components. This article overviews natural reinforced polymer composites used in the FDM process. Mechanical and Thermal properties are presented based on natural filler percentage, and this article only considered natural composite filaments for the FDM process.
In Situ 1D Carbon Chain‐Mail Catalyst Assembly for Stable Lithium–Sulfur Full Batteries
Authors: Hou Ruohan , Li Yukun , Wang Zheng , Shi Zuhao , Li Neng , Miao Fujun , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng
Published: April 2023

The main obstacles for the commercial application of Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) full batteries are the large volume change during charging/discharging process, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPS), sluggish redox kinetics, and the indisciplinable dendritic Li growth. Especially the overused of metal Li leads to the low utilization of active Li, which seriously drags down the actual energy density of Li–S batteries. Herein, an efficient design of dual‐functional CoSe electrocatalyst encapsulated in carbon chain‐mail (CoSe@CCM) is employed as the host both for the cathode and anode regulation simultaneously. The carbon chain‐mail constituted by carbon encapsulated layer cross‐linking with carbon nanofibers protects CoSe from the corrosion of chemical reaction environment, ensuring the high activity of CoSe during the long‐term cycles. The Li–S full battery using this carbon chain‐mail catalyst with a lower negative/positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P < 2) displays a high areal capacity of 9.68 mAh cm−2 over 150 cycles at a higher sulfur loading of 10.67 mg cm−2. Additionally, a pouch cell is stable for 80 cycles at a sulfur loading of 77.6 mg, showing the practicality feasibility of this design.
Design and Synthesis of Noble Metal‐Based Alloy Electrocatalysts and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cui Zhibo , Jiao Wensheng , Huang ZeYi , Chen Guanzhen , Zhang Biao , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen energy is regarded as the ultimate energy source for future human society, and the preparation of hydrogen from water electrolysis is recognized as the most ideal way. One of the key factors to achieve large‐scale hydrogen production by water splitting is the availability of highly active and stable electrocatalysts. Although non‐precious metal electrocatalysts have made great strides in recent years, the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts are still based on noble metals. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the overall activity of the electrocatalysts while reducing the noble metals load. Alloying strategies can shoulder the burden of optimizing electrocatalysts cost and improving electrocatalysts performance. With this in mind, recent work on the application of noble metal‐based alloy electrocatalysts in the field of hydrogen production from water electrolysis is summarized. In this review, first, the mechanism of HER is described; then, the current development of synthesis methods for alloy electrocatalysts is presented; finally, an example analysis of practical application studies on alloy electrocatalysts in hydrogen production is presented. In addition, at the end of this review, the prospects, opportunities, and challenges facing noble metal‐based alloy electrocatalysts are tried to discuss.
Facile Formation of Metal–Oxide Nanocraters by Laser Irradiation for Highly Enhanced Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Suh Jun Min , Song Young Geun , Seo Jung Hwan , Noh Myoung Sub , Kang Min Gyu , Sohn Woonbae , Lee Jinho , Lee Kwangjae , Cho Donghwi , Jeon Seokwoo , Kang Chong-Yun , Shim Young-Seok , Jang Ho Won
Published: April 2023

Although various fabrication methods for metal–oxide nanostructures have been well developed for enlarged surface area, numerous efforts to further enhance the effective surface area for their chemical sensor applications are still being studied. Herein, a high‐power laser is irradiated on the existing metal–oxide nanostructures to expose the hidden inner surface of the nanostructures for full participation in the surface gas‐sensing reactions, resulting in extraordinary gas‐sensing performance. In addition, noble metal catalyst decoration at both the inner and outer surfaces of the nanostructures records extremely high gas response and selectivity to volatile organic compounds. The numerical simulation and experimental verification of the effects of high‐power laser irradiation for morphological evolution of the metal–oxide nanostructures can provide a new perspective toward the time‐efficient development of nanostructure‐based electronic devices.
Morphological, Functional, and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Non‐Conventional Starch Derived from Discarded Immature Apples
Authors: Makroo Hilal A. , Manzoor Neelofar , Rather Jahangir A. , Ashraf Qazi S. , Gupta Arun K. , Bora Jinku , Naqash Farah , Jabeen Abida , Majid Darakshan , Dar B. N.
Published: April 2023

The starch yield of 23–28% (db) with 35–43% amylose content is recovered from different immature apple varieties. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of the dome to spherical shaped granules of 3.1–11.62 µm size. The transition temperatures, onset temperature, peak temperature, conclusion temperature, and enthalpy of gelatinization are calculated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ranges between 61.62 and 64.48 °C, between 64.61 and 68.07 °C, between 68.64 and 72.37 °C, and between 4.35 and 17.49 J g−1, respectively. The water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of starches range between 1.036 and 1.372 mL g−1 and between 0.876 and 1.125 mL g−1, respectively. The peak viscosity of 638–1942 cP is achieved in 3.8–6.10 min at a pasting temperature of 65–71 °C. A yield stress of 10–39 Pa is sufficient to instigate the Herschel Bulkley flow. The paste of Mollie's Delicious starch is more structured and elastic; its gel has a hardness of 3.5 N and maximum recovery strength.
Performance‐based approach in model code 2020: Working on future‐oriented standardization
Authors: Bigaj‐van Vliet Agnieszka , Matthews Stuart
Published: April 2023

The vision for fib MC2020 is to go beyond the point reached by fib MC2010, recent ISO codes, such as ISO 16311, and the current Eurocode activities to extend the application of Eurocodes to existing structures. The contents of fib MC2020 suit these forward‐looking objectives, dealing both with the design of new structures and all the activities associated with the life‐cycle management of existing concrete structures including matters, such as in‐service assessment and interventions upon them, including situations where new structural members are incorporated as parts of existing structures. With the fib MC2020 adaptations taking sustainability as a fundamental requirement, defining implications for subsidiary performance requirements critical to structural design and assessment procedures, it is logical that Model Code 2020 explicitly introduces and consequently seeks to make use of performance‐based concepts. A focus on performance provides a potential way to better align the interests of owners, users, technical consultants (such as structural engineers, material engineers, etc.), contractors, as well as material suppliers and manufacturers. It is envisaged that implementing the concept of the performance‐based approach in design and assessment will encourage rational design and technological progress which will facilitate the creation of superior structures for future generations, by removing constraints to the use of novel types of concrete and reinforcing materials and offering possibilities for optimization of solutions that better fit the needs of stakeholders. This paper addresses the principles of the performance‐based approach to design and assessment and discusses the manner in which it has been introduced in fib MC2020. The benefits and burdens associated with the performance‐based approach and the traditional prescriptive approach to engineering specification are discussed, both from a technical and process/commercial/contractual point of view, to describe the overall benefits of the performance‐based approach. Finally, the future outlook for a coherent integration of the performance‐based approach in design and assessment is addressed, paving the way for further work on standardization for sustainable concrete structures.
The effect of graphene oxide on dune sand cementitious composites reflected in enhancing freeze–thaw resistance: An experimental study
Authors: Wang Youqun , He Mingsheng , Wang Ying , Liu Jie , Liu Jiefeng
Published: April 2023

To advance the utilization of dune sand, a sustainable albeit flawed resource, for structural engineering, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) is suggested as a potential means for improving durability of dune sand cementitious composites (DSCC). In this study, DSCC samples with varying GO concentrations were prepared. The effect of GO on the freeze–thaw resistance of DSCC was then studied by freeze–thaw cyclic test and mechanical test. In addition, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the observed enhancement in freeze–thaw resistance due to GO incorporation, thermogravimetric, mercury injection, adsorption, and morphological analyses were performed. The experimental results showed that incorporating GO into DSCC can enhance its freeze–thaw resistance without compromising its mechanical properties. The weight loss and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of the specimen with 0.06 wt% GO decreased by 92.83% and 64.96%, respectively, as well as the compressive strength increased by 22.76% after 150 freeze–thaw cycles compared with the control specimen. The enhancing effect of adding GO on the freeze–thaw resistance of DSCC was found to be attributed to the promotion of hydration and the control of internal structure. Notably, the modification of GO on the smooth dune and the reinforcement of GO on the interface between dune sand particles and cement matrix was identified, which may be the new evidence for testifying the GO enhancement on the freeze–thaw resistance of dune sand cementitious composites.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Transformation of Carbamoyl Fluorides, Fluoroformates, and Their Analogues
Authors: Liu Lei , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Cheng‐Pan
Published: April 2023

Carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues are a class of important compounds and have been evidenced as versatile building blocks for the preparation of useful molecules in organic chemistry. While major achievements were made in the synthesis of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues in the last half of 20th century, an increasing number of reports have focused on using O/S/Se=CF2 species or their equivalents as the fluorocarbonylation reagents for the direct construction of these compounds from the parent heteroatom‐nucleophiles in recent years. This review mainly summarizes the advances in the synthesis and typical application of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues by the halide exchanges and fluorocarbonylation reactions since 1980.
Recent Advances in Ynenamine Chemistry
Authors: Han Bingyang , Wang Zhaofeng , Huang Yong
Published: April 2023

Enamines are formed by reacting a carbonyl compound with an amine under dehydration conditions. A vast array of transformations has been achieved via preformed enamine chemistry. Recently, by introducing conjugating double bonds to the enamine functionality, dienamines, and trienamines have propelled the discovery of several previously unattainable remote‐site functionalization reactions of carbonyl compounds. Comparatively, alkyne‐conjugating enamine analogues have recently shown high potential in multifunctionalization reactions while remaining underexplored. In this account, we systematically summarized and discussed recent advances in synthetic transformations based on ynenamine‐containing compounds.
The New Control Method for Detection of Cold‐Warm sensation using a Heater Integrated Tactile Sensor
Authors: Iwahashi Takuma , Onda Naotaka , Nagumo Hikaru , Abe Takashi , Sohgawa Masayuki
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the demand for quantifying the five senses has increased in the industrial and medical fields. In particular, the sense of touch is a complex sensation consisting of contact force, sliding force, and cold‐warm sensation. The cold‐warm sensation is perceived by the difference in heat transfer between the object and the skin, and the difference in the heat capacity of the object. In our previous research, we developed a MEMS tactile sensor that can measure contact force, sliding force, and cold‐warm sensation with a single sensor. However, the measurement of the cold‐warm sensation requires a long measurement time to stabilize the temperature and relatively high‐temperature conditions of 40°C or higher. In this study, we report on a method for measuring the cold‐warm sensation at a temperature similar to that of a human fingertip. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Autophagy affects hepatic fibrosis progression by regulating macrophage polarization and exosome secretion
Authors: Hu Zongqiang , Chen Gang , Yan Chuntao , Li Zhiqiang , Wu Tao , Li Li , Zhang Shengning
Published: April 2023

Background

In this study, the role of autophagy in hepatic fibrosis and its effects on macrophage polarization and exosomes (EVs) were verified by establishing hepatic fibrosis model and co‐culture model, providing evidence for treatment.

Methods

In this study, CCL4 was used to establish hepatic fibrosis model. The morphology and purity of exosomes (EVs) were verified by transmission electron microscopy, western blotting (WB), and nanoparticle tracing analysis (NTA). Real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR), WB and enzyme‐linked immunoadsorption (ELISA) were used to detect hepatic fibrosis markers, macrophage polarization markers and liver injury markers. Histopathological assays were used to verify the liver injury morphology in different groups. The cell co‐culture model and hepatic fibrosis model were constructed to verify the expression of miR‐423‐5p.

Results

Hepatic fibrosis model showed that CCL4 promoted early autophagy increase but inhibited autophagy flux in liver. mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 detection showed that both LPS group and Baf group inhibited autophagy flux. This inhibitory effect was reversed by Rap combination therapy. The M1/M2 markers of macrophage polarization were further tested, and it was found that LPS and Baf could promote M1 polarization and inhibit M2 polarization. Rap processing reverses this phenomenon. These data suggest that autophagy can regulate the polarization process of liver macrophages. WB and NTA showed that LPS induced EVs generation. In addition, LPS‐induced EVs could promote HSC proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and the expression of fibrosis markers. Macrophage‐EVs could affect the fibrosis process of stellate cells through the secretion of miR‐423a‐5p expression. The hepatic fibrosis model was further established to verify the regulation of autophagy and EVs on the fibrosis process.

Conclusion

This study was showed that autophagy could regulate fibrosis by promoting HSC activation by regulating macrophage polarization and exosome secretion.
Cost‐effectiveness of screening and valacyclovir‐based treatment strategies for first‐trimester cytomegalovirus primary infection in pregnant women in France
Authors: Périllaud‐Dubois C. , Hachicha‐Maalej N. , Lepers C. , Letamendia E. , Teissier N. , Cousien A. , Sibiude J. , Deuffic‐Burban S. , Vauloup‐Fellous C. , Picone O.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To assess the effectiveness, cost and cost‐effectiveness of four screening strategies for first‐trimester (T1) cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection (PI) in pregnant women in France.

Methods

In a simulated pregnant population of 800 000 (approximate number of pregnancies each year in France), using costs based on the year 2022, we compared four CMV maternal screening strategies: Strategy S1, no systematic screening (current public health recommendations in France); Strategy S2, screening of 25–50% of the pregnant population (current screening practice in France); Strategy S3, universal screening (current medical recommendations in France); Strategy S4, universal screening (as in Strategy S3) in conjunction with valacyclovir in case of T1 PI. Outcomes were total cost, effectiveness (number of congenital infections, number of diagnosed infections) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). Two ICERs were calculated, comparing Strategies S1, S2 and S3 in terms of euros (€) per additional diagnosis, and comparing Strategies S1 and S4 in € per avoided congenital infection.

Results

Compared with Strategy S1, Strategy S3 enabled diagnosis of 536 more infected fetuses and Strategy S4 prevented 375 congenital infections. Strategy S1 was the least expensive strategy (€98.3m total lifetime cost), followed by Strategy S4 (€98.6m), Strategy S2 (€106.0m) and Strategy S3 (€118.9m). In the first analysis, Strategy S2 was dominated and Strategy S3 led to an additional €38 552 per additional in‐utero diagnosis, compared with Strategy S1. In the second analysis, Strategy S4 led to an additional €893 per avoided congenital infection compared with Strategy S1, and was cost‐saving compared with Strategy S2.

Conclusions

In France, current screening practice for CMV PI during pregnancy is no longer acceptable in terms of cost‐effectiveness because this strategy was dominated by universal screening. Moreover, universal screening in conjunction with valacyclovir treatment would be cost‐effective compared with current recommendations and is cost‐saving compared with current practice. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Patient empowerment improves follow‐up data collection after fetal surgery for spina bifida: institutional audit
Authors: Vergote S. , Van der Stock J. , Kunpalin Y. , Bredaki E. , Maes H. , Banh S. , De Catte L. , Devlieger R. , Lewi L. , Devroe S. , Spencer R. , David A. , De Vloo P. , Van Calenbergh F. , Deprest J. A.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To define and grade fetal and maternal adverse events following fetal surgery for spina bifida and to report on the impact of engaging patients in collecting follow‐up data.

Methods

This prospective single‐center audit included 100 consecutive patients undergoing fetal surgery for spina bifida between January 2012 and December 2021. In our setting, patients return to their referring unit for further pregnancy care and delivery. On discharge, referring hospitals were requested to return outcome data. For this audit, we prompted patients and referring hospitals to provide data in cases of missing outcomes. Outcomes were categorized as missing, returned spontaneously or returned following additional request, by the patient and/or referring center. Postoperative maternal and fetal complications until delivery were defined and graded according to Maternal and Fetal Adverse Event Terminology (MFAET) and the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results

There were no maternal deaths, but severe maternal complications occurred in seven women (anemia in pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, lung atelectasis, urinary tract obstruction and placental abruption). No cases of uterine rupture were reported. Perinatal death occurred in 3% of fetuses and other severe fetal complications in 15% (perioperative fetal bradycardia/cardiac dysfunction, fistula‐related oligohydramnios, chorioamnionitis and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 32 weeks). PPROM occurred in 42% of patients and, overall, delivery took place at a median gestational age of 35.3 weeks (interquartile range, 34.0–36.6 weeks). Information provided following additional request, from both centers and patients but mainly from the latter, reduced missing data by 21% for gestational age at delivery, 56% for uterine‐scar status at birth and 67% for shunt insertion at 12 months. Compared with the generic Clavien–Dindo classification, the MFAET system ranked complications in a more clinically relevant way.

Conclusions

The nature and rate of severe complications following fetal surgery for spina bifida were similar to those reported in other large series. Spontaneous return of outcome data by referring centers was low, yet patient empowerment improved data collection. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Core outcome set for perinatal interventions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Vergote S. , De Bie F. R. , Duffy J. M. N. , Bosteels J. , Benachi A. , Power B. , Meijer F. , Hedrick H. L. , Fernandes C. J. , Reiss I. K. M. , De Coppi P. , Lally K. P. , Deprest J. A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To develop a core set of prenatal and neonatal outcomes for clinical studies evaluating perinatal interventions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, using a validated consensus‐building method.

Methods

An international steering group comprising 13 leading maternal–fetal medicine specialists, neonatologists, pediatric surgeons, patient representatives, researchers and methodologists guided the development of this core outcome set. Potential outcomes were collected through a systematic review of the literature and entered into a two‐round online Delphi survey. A call was made for stakeholders with experience of congenital diaphragmatic hernia to review the list and score outcomes based on their perceived relevance. Outcomes that fulfilled the consensus criteria defined a priori were discussed subsequently in online breakout meetings. Results were reviewed in a consensus meeting, during which the core outcome set was defined. Finally, the definitions, measurement methods and aspirational outcomes were defined in online and in‐person definition meetings by a selection of 45 stakeholders.

Results

Overall, 221 stakeholders participated in the Delphi survey and 198 completed both rounds. Fifty outcomes met the consensus criteria and were discussed and rescored by 78 stakeholders in the breakout meetings. During the consensus meeting, 93 stakeholders agreed eventually on eight outcomes, which constituted the core outcome set. Maternal and obstetric outcomes included maternal morbidity related to the intervention and gestational age at delivery. Fetal outcomes included intrauterine demise, interval between intervention and delivery and change in lung size in utero around the time of the intervention. Neonatal outcomes included neonatal mortality, pulmonary hypertension and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Definitions and measurement methods were formulated by 45 stakeholders, who also added three aspirational outcomes: duration of invasive ventilation, duration of oxygen supplementation and use of pulmonary vasodilators at discharge.

Conclusions

We developed with relevant stakeholders a core outcome set for studies evaluating perinatal interventions in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Its implementation should facilitate the comparison and combination of trial results, enabling future research to better guide clinical practice. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Closing pit lakes as aquatic ecosystems: Risk, reality, and future uses
Authors: Lund Mark A. , Blanchette Melanie L.
Published: April 2023

Mine pit lakes are formed when open‐cut pits flood with water, and these lakes occur by the thousands on every inhabited continent. The remediation and closure of pit lakes is a pressing issue for sustainable development and provision of freshwater ecosystem services. While pit lakes can be spectacular examples of recreation and renewal, pit lakes may be better known for their poor water qualities and risks to communities and the environment. Often the public wants to simply “fill the pits in” to restore a terrestrial landscape, but this is not always possible. Therefore, planning for remediation and future uses is likely to provide the best outcome. Poor water quality is not necessarily a barrier to future use, although it may limit the number of uses. Short‐term future uses tend to require commercial viability, active infrastructure investment, and maintenance, and should transition to complementary long‐term uses that promote biodiversity. Long‐term future uses require relatively less ongoing maintenance beyond the initial investment and adhere to the principles that pit lakes should be safe, sustainable, and non‐polluting in perpetuity. Pit lakes will eventually develop “ecosystem values,” and the time to do so depends on the nature of the intervention and the values ascribed by the community. Where possible, closing pit lakes as sustainable ecosystems is the most realistic goal that permits a variety of future uses that is likely to see pit lakes valued by future generations.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Value of Water

Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Three levels of framing
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: April 2023

A sociologist and a linguist, unaware of each other's work, each assigned a technical meaning to the termframearound 1970, based on separate usages of the wordframefrom the 1950s. Each researcher instigated a theory of frame analysis. Over the following decades, the two approaches to framing became intertwined as followers of both Goffman and Fillmore studied metaphoric framing, examined factors affecting the communication of frames, and became particularly interested in politics and the mass media. Years later, many theorists complain about the fragmented field of frame studies. The paper suggests that some of the fragmentation can be resolved by recognizing the dual origins of framing studies, and classifying instances of framing in either the Goffman or the Fillmore tradition as occurring at the level of language, thought, or communication. These three levels are termed semantic framing, cognitive framing, and communicative framing.

This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Cognitive

Linguistics > Linguistic Theory

Computer Science and Robotics > Natural Language Processing
Information scrambling and entanglement dynamics of complex Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
Authors: Zhang Pengfei
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this work, we study the information scrambling and the entanglement dynamics in the complex Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (cBSYK) models, focusing on their dependence on the charge density n. We first derive the effective theory for scramblons in a single cBSYK model, which gives closed-form expressions for the late-time OTOC and operator size. In particular, the result for OTOC is consistent with numerical observations in [1]. We then study the entanglement dynamics in cBSYK chains. We derive the density dependence of the entanglement velocity for both Rényi entropies and the Von Neumann entropy, with a comparison to the butterfly velocity. We further consider adding repeated measurements and derive the effective theory of the measurement induced transition which shows U(2)L ⊗ U(2)R symmetry for non-interacting models.
Quantum Brownian motion induced by an inhomogeneous tridimensional space and a S1 × R3 topological space-time
Authors: Ferreira Éwerton J. B. , Guedes Eliza M. B. , Mota Herondy F. Santana
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the Quantum Brownian motion of a point particle induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations of a massless scalar field in (3 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with distinct conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann, mixed and quasiperiodic). The modes of the field are confined and compactified to a finite length region, which consequently provides a natural measure scale for the system. Useful expressions for the Wightman function have been obtained, which allow us to calculate analytical expressions for the velocity dispersion in all condition cases considered. We also obtain expressions for the velocity dispersion in the short and late time regimes. Finally, we exhibit some graphs in order to show the behavior of the velocity dispersions, discussing important divergencies that are present in our results.
Revisiting the shadow stress tensor in celestial CFT
Authors: Banerjee Shamik , Pasterski Sabrina
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We revisit the standard construction of the celestial stress tensor as a shadow of the subleading conformally soft graviton. In its original formulation there is an obstruction to reproducing the expected $$ \overline{TT} $$

TT
¯

OPE in the double soft limit. We propose a modification to the definition which circumvents this obstruction and then extend this change of basis beyond the conformally soft and single helicity sectors. In the process we investigate how (non)-commutativity of double soft limits is tied to the decoupling of primary descendants, and how our choice of celestial basis determines which symmetries are manifest at the level of the OPE beyond the MHV sector.
Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates autophagy/mitophagy and improves mitochondrial function in chronic heart failure
Authors: Raffa Salvatore , Forte Maurizio , Gallo Giovanna , Ranieri Danilo , Marchitti Simona , Magrì Damiano , Testa Marco , Stanzione Rosita , Bianchi Franca , Cotugno Maria , Fiori Emiliano , Visco Vincenzo , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Volpe Massimo , Rubattu Speranza
Published: April 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is a molecular feature of heart failure (HF). A defective antioxidant response and mitophagic flux were reported in circulating leucocytes of patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts many cardiac beneficial effects, including the ability to protect cardiomyocytes by promoting autophagy. We tested the impact of ANP on autophagy/mitophagy, altered mitochondrial structure and function and increased oxidative stress in HFrEF patients by both ex vivo and in vivo approaches. The ex vivo study included thirteen HFrEF patients whose peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and treated with αANP (10–11 M) for 4 h. The in vivo study included six HFrEF patients who received sacubitril/valsartan for two months. PBMCs were characterized before and after treatment. Both approaches analyzed mitochondrial structure and functionality. We found that levels of αANP increased upon sacubitril/valsartan, whereas levels of NT-proBNP decreased. Both the ex vivo direct exposure to αANP and the higher αANP level upon in vivo treatment with sacubitril/valsartan caused: (i) improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential; (ii) stimulation of the autophagic process; (iii) significant reduction of mitochondrial mass—index of mitophagy stimulation—and upregulation of mitophagy-related genes; (iv) reduction of mitochondrial damage with increased inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)/outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) index and reduced ROS generation. Herein we demonstrate that αANP stimulates both autophagy and mitophagy responses, counteracts mitochondrial dysfunction, and damages ultimately reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress generation in PBMCs from chronic HF patients. These properties were confirmed upon sacubitril/valsartan administration, a pivotal drug in HFrEF treatment.
The effect of selective ultrasound screening on the incidence of late presentation of developmental hip dysplasia—a meta-analysis
Authors: Laborie Lene B , Rosendahl Karen , Dhouib Amira , Simoni Paolo , Tomà Paolo , Offiah Amaka C
Published: April 2023

Different screening strategies for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) exist. Despite screening efforts, cases of late presentation continue to occur, often necessitating surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the effect of newborn selective ultrasound screening for DDH on the incidence of late presentation in infants and children, compared to a universal ultrasound strategy. A systematic search across Medline and EMBASE databases was performed between January 1950 and February 2021. A consensus-based evaluation of abstracts led to retrieval of relevant full text, original articles or systematic reviews in English only. These were assessed according to agreed eligibility criteria, and their reference lists were reviewed to identify additional eligible publications. Following final consensus on included publications, data was extracted, analysed and reported as per PRISMA and Prospero (CRD42021241957) guidelines. The 16 eligible studies consisted of 2 randomised controlled trials and 14 cohort studies, published between 1989 and 2014, with a total of 511,403 participants. In total, 121,470 (23.8%) received a neonatal hip ultrasound, of whom 58,086 and 63,384 were part of a selective or a universal ultrasound screening strategy, respectively. The difference in the proportion of late presentation between the universal and selective strategies was 0.0904 per 1,000 (P = 0.047). The time effect, i.e. the difference between early and late presentation defined respectively, as less than and more than 3 months of age, regardless of screening strategy, was not significant (P = 0.272). Although there was variability in study design and reporting, the quality of the evidence, based on the critical appraisal skills programme appraisal tools, was generally good. Compared to universal ultrasound screening for DDH, selective screening resulted in a slightly higher rate of late presentation. Uniformity in design and reporting of DDH studies and a cost-effectiveness analysis are needed.
Risk factors for recurrent disease in small papillary thyroid cancers – a Swedish register-based study
Authors: Bayadsi Haytham , Nylén Carolina , Sandström Maria , Angelsten Jakob , Sund Malin , Hennings Joakim
Published: April 2023

Aims

To study the correlation between clinicopathological risk factors and the risk for intervention-requiring cancer recurrence in patients with small papillary thyroid cancers (sPTCs).

Materials and methods

Records for 397 patients with sPTC (T1 ≤ 20mm) were obtained from the Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Surgery (SQRTPA) between 2010 and 2016. Follow-up time was at least 5 years. Data regarding intervention-requiring cancer recurrence were obtained from patient medical records and analysed regarding lymph node (LN) status (N0, N1a and N1b) and recurrence.

Results

Age was significantly lower in the N1a and N1b groups compared to N0 (45 vs. 40.5 vs. 49 years, respectively; p = 0.002). Tumour size was smaller in the N1a group compared to N1b group (9 vs. 11.8 mm; p <0.01). The mean number of metastatic LNs at initial surgery was higher in the N1b compared to N1a group (6.6 vs. 3; p = 0.001), and in the recurrent compared to the non-recurrent group (7 versus 3.9; p <0.01). The recurrence rate was higher in the N1b group than the N1a and N0 groups (25% vs. 2.4% vs. 1.4%, respectively; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Lymph node stage N1b at diagnosis, and having five or more metastatic nodes, are strong risk factors for cancer recurrence and decreased disease-free survival in sPTC. The management of patients with sPTC should include thorough lymph node mapping for optimal treatment and individual risk stratification.
Psychische und neurokognitive Erkrankungen und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Abrahamian Heidemarie , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Rießland-Seifert Angelika , Lebherz-Eichinger Diana , Fasching Peter , Ebenbichler Christoph , Kautzky Alexander , Toplak Hermann
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus ist häufig mit psychischen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Depressive Störungen kommen bei diabetischen Patient:innen doppelt so häufig vor wie in der nicht-diabetischen Population. Andere psychische Erkrankungen, die gehäuft mit Prädiabetes und Diabetes mellitus vorkommen, sind kognitive Dysfunktionen bis zur Demenz, auffälliges Essverhalten, Angststörungen, Schizophrenie, bipolare Störungen und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Die ungünstigen Auswirkungen dieser Koinzidenz auf den Stoffwechsel sind nachhaltig und manifestieren als schlechtere metabolische Kontrolle und vermehrte mikro- und makroangiopathische Komplikationen. Ziel dieses Positionspapieres ist die Sensibilisierung aller involvierten medizinischen Fachkolleg:innen sowie aller anderen mit dem Thema Diabetes befassten Berufsgruppen und Organisationen, um eine Intensivierung der komplexen therapeutischen Interventionen bei Patient:innen zu erreichen.

Positive Auswirkungen wären die Verringerung der Inzidenz von Diabetes mellitus bei Patient:innen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, sowie die Reduktion von Spätfolgen des Diabetes mellitus, insbesondere der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität und eine verbesserte Lebensqualität der Betroffenen.
Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle der diabetischen Augenerkrankung (Update 2023)
Authors: Pollreisz Andreas , Gasser-Steiner Vanessa , Gerendas Bianca , Mennel Stefan , Radda Stephan , Sacu Stefan , Scholda Christoph , Stolba Ulrike , Wedrich Andreas ,   Netzhautkommission der Österreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus kann zu unterschiedlichen Augenerkrankungen führen, wie diabetische Retinopathie, diabetisches Makulaödem, Optikusneuropathie, Katarakt, Sekundärglaukom und Fehlfunktionen der äußeren Augenmuskeln. Die Inzidenz dieser Spätschäden korreliert mit der Dauer des Diabetes und mit dem Grad der metabolischen Kontrolle. Reguläre augenfachärztliche Kontrollen sind notwendig, um visusbedrohende Spätschäden einer diabetischen Augenerkrankung frühzeitig zu erkennen und entsprechende Therapien einzuleiten.
Diabetes mellitus – Definition, Klassifikation, Diagnose, Screening und Prävention (Update 2023)
Authors: Harreiter Jürgen , Roden Michael
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus bezeichnet eine Gruppe von heterogenen Erkrankungen, deren gemeinsamer Befund die Erhöhung der Blutglukosekonzentration ist. Die gegenwärtige Klassifikation des Diabetes mellitus wird dargestellt und die wesentlichen Merkmale von Typ 1 und Typ 2 Diabetes werden beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden die Kriterien für die korrekte biochemische Diagnose unter Nüchtern-Bedingungen und im oralen Glukosetoleranz-Test sowie die Anwendung des Hämoglobin A1c (HbA1c) zusammengefasst. Die zunehmende Prävalenz des Diabetes erfordert zudem gezieltes Screening zur Erkennung von Diabetes und Prädiabetes in Risikogruppen. Dies bildete die Grundlage für die frühzeitige Einleitung von Maßnahmen zur Prävention der Manifestation des Diabetes in diesen Risikogruppen und Verzögerung der Diabetesprogression.
Diabetestechnologie (Update 2023)
Authors: Schütz-Fuhrmann Ingrid , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Hofer Sabine E. , Tauschmann Martin , Mader Julia K. , Resl Michael , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Winhofer-Stöckl Yvonne , Laimer Markus , Zlamal-Fortunat Sandra , Weitgasser Raimund
Published: April 2023

Diese Leitlinie repräsentiert die Empfehlungen der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft (ÖDG) zur Nutzung von Diabetes-Technologie (Insulinpumpentherapie; kontinuierliche Glukosemesssysteme, CGM; Hybrid Closed Loop Systeme, HCL; Automated Insulin Delivery Systeme, AID, Diabetes-Apps) und den Zugang zu diesen technologischen Innovationen für Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus. Die Leitlinie wurde basierend auf aktueller wissenschaftlicher Evidenz erstellt.
Therapie der akuten diabetischen Stoffwechselentgleisungen bei Erwachsenen (Update 2023)
Authors: Kaser Susanne , Sourij Harald , Clodi Martin , Schneeweiß Bruno , Laggner Anton N. , Luger Anton
Published: April 2023

Akute Stoffwechselentgleisungen können für Erwachsene in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Ausmaß lebensbedrohlich sein. Dementsprechend sind eine rasche umfassende Diagnostik und Therapie sowie eine enge Überwachung der Vitalparameter und Laborbefunde erforderlich. Bei der Therapie, die sich bei der ketoazidotischen (DKA) und hyperglykämisch-hyperosmolaren (HHS) Form nicht wesentlich unterscheidet, kommt dem Ausgleich des meist beträchtlichen Flüssigkeitsdefizits mit mehreren Litern einer physiologischen kristalloiden Lösung eine vorrangige Rolle zu. Bei den Elektrolyten ist insbesondere auf eine ausgeglichene Serum-Kalium-Konzentration zu achten. Normal-Insulin oder rasch wirksame Analoga können initial als i.v.-Bolus verabreicht werden, in der Folge jedoch kontinuierlich über einen Perfusor. Die Umstellung auf eine subkutane Insulintherapie soll erst bei ausgeglichenem Säure-Basen-Haushalt und zufriedenstellender Glykämie erfolgen.
Diabetesmanagement im Krankenhaus (Update 2023)
Authors: Mader Julia K. , Brix Johanna M. , Aberer Felix , Vonbank Alexander , Resl Michael , Hochfellner Daniel A. , Ress Claudia , Pieber Thomas R. , Stechemesser Lars , Sourij Harald
Published: April 2023

Dieses Positionspapier beinhaltet die Empfehlungen der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft zum Management von erwachsenen Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus während stationärer Aufenthalte und basiert auf aktueller Evidenz zu Blutglukosezielbereichen, Insulintherapie und Therapie mit oralen/injizierbaren Antidiabetika während stationärer Aufenthalte. Zusätzlich werden Spezialsituationen wie intravenöse Insulintherapie, begleitende Steroidtherapie sowie die Anwendung von Diabetestechnologie im stationären Bereich diskutiert.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Lechleitner Monika , Kaser Susanne , Hoppichler Friedrich , Roden Michael , Weitgasser Raimund , Ludvik Bernhard , Fasching Peter , Winhofer Yvonne , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Schernthaner Guntram , Prager Rudolf , Wascher Thomas C. , Clodi Martin
Published: April 2023

Die Leitlinie nimmt Bezug auf die Diagnostik, einschließlich begleitender Autoimmunerkrankungen, bei Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus, die Insulintherapie und die glykämischen Zielwerte.
Antihyperglykämische Therapie bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (Update 2023)
Authors: Clodi Martin , Abrahamian Heidemarie , Brath Helmut , Schernthaner Guntram , Brix Johann , Ludvik Bernhard , Drexel Heinz , Saely Christoph H. , Fasching Peter , Rega-Kaun Gersina , Föger Bernhard , Francesconi Claudia , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Harreiter Jürgen , Luger Anton , Resl Michael , Riedl Michaela , Winhofer Yvonne , Hofer Sabine E. , Hoppichler Friedrich , Huber Joakim , Kaser Susanne , Ress Claudia , Lechleitner Monika , Aberer Felix , Mader Julia K. , Sourij Harald , Toplak Hermann , Paulweber Bernhard , Stechemesser Lars , Pieber Thomas , Prager Rudolf , Stingl Harald , Stulnig Thomas , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Drexel Heinz , Roden Michael , Schelkshorn Christian , Wascher Thomas C. , Weitgasser Raimund , Zlamal-Fortunat Sandra
Published: April 2023

Die Hyperglykämie ist wesentlich an der Entstehung der Spätkomplikationen bei an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 erkrankten Patienten/Patientinnen beteiligt. Während Lebensstilmaßnahmen die Eckpfeiler jeder Diabetestherapie bleiben, benötigen im Verlauf die meisten Patienten/Patientinnen mit Typ 2 Diabetes eine medikamentöse Therapie. Bei der Definition individueller Behandlungsziele stellen die Therapiesicherheit, die Effektivität sowie substanzspezifische, kardiovaskuläre Effekte der Therapie die wichtigsten Faktoren dar. In dieser Leitlinie haben wir die rezenten evidenzbasierten Daten für die klinische Praxis zusammengestellt.