bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery III: Missions to the Outer Planets Using Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion
Authors: Long Kelvin F.
Published: February 2025

In the future, space missions to the outer planets within our solar system that carry a human crew may be possible. This work revisits a NASA crewed spacecraft design concept Discovery II, which proposed to use a spherical torus magnetic confinement fusion reactor. The revised spacecraft Discovery III is modeled using a numerical spacecraft propulsion and mission profile code called HeliosX written in Fortran 95, but using an inertial confinement fusion engine for the same 172-ton payload mass, matching mass flow rates and exhaust velocities, achieving a mission time of 118 days for Jupiter and 212 days for Saturn. Both the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and magnetic confinement fusion vehicles utilize expellant propellant for mass flow rate augmentation by the thermalization of injected hydrogen and thermonuclear fuel in the exhaust. Calculations are performed and the models are assessed for deviation from optimality. It is concluded that, while the ICF version is more massive, less mature technologically, and the worst performer in terms of jet efficiency, preliminary results indicate a lower fuel requirement, which may imply a technological advantage.
Base Flow Measurements of a Slender Cone at Mach 6
Authors: Lawless Zachary D. , Nicotra Emma , Chynoweth Brandon C. , Jewell Joseph S.
Published: February 2025

Experimental investigations of the base flow characteristics of a slender cone at Mach 6 were carried out over a range of unit Reynolds numbers from approximately [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel. The base pressure coefficient was shown to decrease with increasing unit Reynolds number under laminar boundary-layer conditions. Under turbulent boundary-layer conditions, the base pressure coefficient decreased slightly with increasing unit Reynolds number. Normalized and scaled base pressures were compared with base pressure correlations developed by Lamb and Oberkampf and a correlation developed by DeChant and Wagnild. Pressure fluctuation measurements on the base exhibit a notable correlation with Mack’s second-mode instability frequencies measured at the shoulder. Double-pass schlieren imaging was used to capture flow features in the near-base flowfield. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren images showed the second-mode instability in the boundary layer and its effects on the base. Strut interference was also characterized for both static base pressures and base pressure fluctuations.
Ephemeris-Based Satellite Collision Rates and Probabilities
Authors: Hall Doyle T.
Published: February 2025

This study formulates a semi-analytical method to estimate statistically expected collision rates and probabilities between Earth-orbiting satellites, based on orbital state and covariance ephemeris tables. The method focuses on low-velocity interactions, for which the conjunction-by-conjunction estimation approach can be inaccurate. Comparisons to Monte Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of the calculation method. The ability to process unevenly sampled ephemerides allows application to satellites that execute frequent or continuous thrusting maneuvers. Estimating uncertainties caused by ephemeris interpolation inaccuracies enables the algorithm to detect input ephemerides with inadequate time sampling. Additionally accounting for satellite shapes and orientations requires input ephemerides that tabulate attitude information.
Chamber Length Limits of a Continuously Variable Geometry Rotating Detonation Combustor
Authors: Plaehn Ethan W. , Haynes Allyson L. , Gejji Rohan M. , Slabaugh Carson D.
Published: February 2025

The sensitivity of rotating detonation combustor operation and performance to the length of the combustion chamber was characterized using continuous variation of the chamber length during operation. As the chamber length was both increased and decreased, the sensitivity of the combustion process to varying reactant residence times was characterized using high-speed aft-end imaging of the chamber annulus. The propulsive performance of the combustor was evaluated using thrust and equivalent available pressure, relating them back to reactant supply pressures for the assessment of combustor pressure gain. The specific impulse of the combustor remained relatively constant as the chamber length was decreased from its maximum values up to a limiting length for each operating condition, beyond which combustion was no longer supported within the chamber and significant performance degradation was observed. Modeling of the detonation fill height revealed that relatively low specific impulse measurements could be attributed to unburned reactants exiting the chamber, and a more efficient use of reactants was potentially the cause for improved performance at higher mass flow rates as the detonation wave number increased, fill height decreased, and reactant residence time decreased.
Processing and Testing Subscale Motors with Central Finocyl Grain Using Wax Mandrel
Authors: Mallela Pandu Ranga Sarma , S. Anantharam , Rathi Nikunj , Y. Durga Prasad Rao , Ramakrishna P. A.
Published: February 2025

In solid propellant rocket motors, the design of grain port geometry primarily dictates the motor ballistic performance. The flexibility offered by the spatial variation of the port shape on motor performance is often discounted due to the requirement of complex mandrel shapes along with their associated manufacturing issues coupled with propellant processing constraints. Literature data indicate improvement in motor volumetric loading and stability by planned distribution of burn surface area along motor length. This paper deals with the realization and testing of a subscale motor with central finocyl-based grain geometry. A novel method of casting complex grain shapes in solid rocket motors using the wax mandrel technique is discussed. The wax mandrel preparation, propellant casting procedure, and wax mandrel removal setup are elaborated. Static testing results of the subscale motor with central finocyl port geometry are also presented as proof-of-concept. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of realizing solid rocket motor grains using the wax mandrel technique, which further enables realization of complex grain designs necessary to meet various mission requirements.
Allocating Limited Resources and Learning Flight Energy Consumption for Advanced Air Mobility
Authors: Samiei Arezoo , Selje Robert , Sun Liang
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the problem of efficiently managing clean-energy aerial vehicles for advanced air mobility (AAM) in a distributed manner. A concept of operation for AAM vehicles is considered to deliver packages for a number of customers at different locations. The objective of the problem is to minimize the overall energy consumption of all AAM vehicles. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is proposed to predict the fight energy consumption of a delivery drone, whose flight data were used to train the neural network. To optimize the allocation of AAM vehicles to service stations (e.g., for charging and maintenance) with limited service bays, a distributed limited resource allocation algorithm (DLRAA) is proposed based on the Hungarian method. DLRAA was compared with a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solver based on the average run time and average cost in 1000 simulation runs. The results show that the proposed FFNN produced an accurate prediction given noisy flight data, the proposed DLRAA generates allocation that satisfies the given constraints efficiently, and DLRAA outperforms MILP based on average cost in all testing cases. DLRAA outperforms MILP based on the average run time when the number of charging stations is less than 30 and the number of drones is less than 160.
Parametric Model Order Reduction for Structural Optimization of Fiber Composite Structures
Authors: Sanmugadas Varakini , Agarwal Mayank , Borwankar Pranav , Kapania Rakesh K.
Published: February 2025

This research addresses the inherent computational demand of metaheuristic optimization techniques by developing a novel optimization framework that uses parametric model order reduction (PMOR). The improvement in efficiency is demonstrated using the buckling optimization of variable-angle tow (VAT) composite panels, as navigating the complex design space of VAT composite structures with global optimization techniques requires a substantial number of function evaluations. A new affine summation relationship conducive to PMOR was derived for its finite element stiffness matrix using the concept of lamination parameters and material invariant matrices, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the reduced basis vectors. Particle swarm optimization was conducted using a full-order model (FOM) and a reduced-order model. PMOR-based optimization exhibited a 0.55% relative error in the optimal objective value compared to the FOM analysis and exhibited a similar convergence history. It was observed that the optimization time was reduced by 93% by the novel affine decomposition alone, but PMOR achieved a significant reduction of 99.8% in memory requirements compared to the FOM. As the affine-decomposition-based assembly of the FOM is not feasible for large problems, PMOR functions as an enabling tool for leveraging the improvement offered by it.
Boundary-Layer Control via Suction Through Perforated Plates: A Novel Bleed Model
Authors: Giehler Julian , Grenson Pierre , Bur Reynald
Published: February 2025

A novel bleed model derived from a comprehensive dataset generated by a numerical parametric study is introduced. This model discretely represents the hole contour on a porous patch, allowing the mesh to incorporate the hole pattern. This approach enables the extraction of the tangential Mach number at the outflow boundary condition within the RANS solver. Assessment of external flow conditions is conducted using this tangential hole Mach number and the pressure ratio from the cavity plenum to the wall. Separate regressions for supersonic and subsonic conditions are formulated based on extracted wall quantities. Comparing the model to state-of-the-art bleed models shows significant improvements in predicting downstream boundary-layer profiles, capturing compressible flow phenomena, and accurately predicting physical quantities such as wall pressure or shear stress. Application of the model to the control of shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions shows only minor differences from reference simulations, indicating its broad applicability. Derived from a comprehensive dataset, this model is validated for various external flow characteristics and plate geometries, enabling its use for diverse aerodynamic applications.
Experimental Studies on Freeplay Induced Limit Cycle Oscillations and Their Major Drivers
Authors: Fonzi Nicola , Ricci Sergio , Livne Eli
Published: February 2025

A new experimental wind tunnel test-bed has been developed for the study of limit cycle oscillations induced by control surface freeplay. A thorough examination of several factors affecting the limit cycle is presented—starting from a reference configuration, the effect of changes in inertia and stiffness, a time-varying gap size, gravitational loading, and aerodynamic preload due to an angle of attack. Both time-marching simulations and describing functions analytical methods have been used to understand the experimental measurements and study the capability of the methods to capture the physical behavior. Good agreement was found in all cases, and physical insights are gained from the mathematical models. Limitations of the analytical tools are also addressed, focusing on the important difference between the self-excited dynamics of the nonlinear system and its forced response to external excitation.
Adaptive Selection of Decomposed Function Information Sources for Rapid Neural Networks
Authors: Beachy Atticus , Bae Harok , Camberos Jose A. , Grandhi Ramana V.
Published: February 2025

A new approach is proposed of adaptively selecting emulators for emulator embedded neural networks. Emulators typically take the form of physics-based low-fidelity models. If querying a low-fidelity model incurs significant computational costs, an emulator can still be constructed by training a surrogate model, such as a Gaussian process model or neural network, on data gathered from the low-fidelity model. These emulators are embedded into the neural network architecture and play an important role in boosting neural network accuracy with limited training data. However, in some practical situations finding a suitable low-fidelity emulator model is challenging. Use of an improper emulator can fail to improve learning performance, and in some cases no viable emulator is available. To address this technical gap, this study proposes using the decomposed functions of the actual physics-based model as emulators. Global sensitivity analysis is performed to compute the Sobol indices of the decomposed functions, which reveal their contribution ranks to the system response of interest. Based on the contribution ranks, the decomposed functions are embedded as emulators in an adaptive and iterative process. The proposed method is demonstrated with fundamental analytical examples. Additionally, a representative hypersonic vehicle design problem is included as a practical engineering example.
Stochastic Dynamic Response of Delaminated Flexbeam Like Structures
Authors: Patil Priyanka , Naskar Susmita , Vinoda M. T. , Harursampath Dineshkumar , Guruprasad P. J.
Published: February 2025

In this work, the free vibration characteristics of flexbeam like structures, typically used in helicopter main or tail rotor blades, are investigated. The tapering effect in these laminated composite structures is introduced by terminating plies, which act as potential delamination sites. Delamination and uncertainties in material properties at various scales influence their dynamic behavior. The variational asymptotic method (VAM) is used as a mathematical framework to develop a model of a tapered composite beam with delamination. Subsequently, the modal characteristics are obtained by coupling the VAM model with the reduced 1D finite element beam model. Stochastic natural frequencies are investigated by combining the source uncertainties in the delaminated structure. Following a detailed validation study, the model capability is demonstrated on flexbeams typically used in helicopter rotor blades.
High-Frequency Active Interrogation for Structural Damage Identification Enabled by Intelligent Hierarchical Search
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tang Jiong
Published: February 2025

A common issue in structural damage identification is the measurement information being limited while the baseline structural model is complex, which renders the inverse analysis underdetermined. Leveraging that the damage in its early stage usually affects only small area(s), a multiobjective optimization can be formulated by minimizing the difference between model prediction and physical measurement and concurrently enforcing the sparsity in damage locations. The challenges, however, lie in handling the high-dimensional parametric space with multimodal objective functions as well as the computational cost brought by incorporating the [Formula: see text] norm minimization. In this research, we synthesize a hierarchical framework that searches potential damage locations first and then delves into accurate characterization of damage. In particular, to address the high-dimensional and multimodal challenges intensified by high-frequency measurement toward high-precision identification, we adopt the Group Lasso technique for sparsity induction and use the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to realize optimization phase transition, aiming at improving the computational efficiency as well as the accuracy. The validation of our approach through a piezoelectric admittance sensing testbed underscores its potential for structural health monitoring practices by providing a robust, accurate, and computationally efficient approach for early-stage damage identification and assessment.
Aero-Optical Distortions of a Turbulent Boundary Layer at Back-Looking Viewing Angles
Authors: Gordeyev Stanislav , Butler Luke
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of wavefront measurements of aero-optical effects due to a subsonic turbulent boundary layer at various laser beam viewing angles relative to the tunnel wall. Data were taken at Mach numbers of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 at back-looking angles ranging from 90 to 170 deg. A multipoint spectral cross-correlation technique was used to minimize the corrupting effects of the mechanical vibrations on the aero-optical spectra. A scaling of the aero-optical spectra as a function of the viewing angle was developed and discussed. Both the apparent optical convective speeds and the overall values of aero-optical distortions were extracted from data. Angular dependence of the aero-optical distortions was computed and found to agree with the isotropic model within a few percent. Two new models, accounting for the presence of the large-scale structures and for the spatial growth of the boundary layer, were proposed and discussed.
Variable-Stiffness Vibration Suppression Method for Slender Truss Structures with Axial Tension Cables
Authors: Chen Yu , Zheng Gangtie
Published: February 2025

This study presents a variable-stiffness vibration suppression technique for slender truss structures actuated by axial tension cables, with which the constraints imposed by the height of vertical masts are circumvented. It incorporates modal truncation to enhance vibration suppression efficacy while refining the stiffness selection strategy. Furthermore, this paper explores the dynamics of pseudo-active and passive effects and optimizes the cable installation positions to enhance the passive effects. The validity of all these concepts proposed above is substantiated through comprehensive numerical simulations. Similarly, a targeted design of a 6-m-long truss structure was developed, and the feasibility of the variable-stiffness vibration suppression technology proposed in this paper was validated through physical experiments.
Liquid Hydrogen Tank Boil-off Model for Design and Optimization
Authors: Adler Eytan J. , Martins Joaquim R. R. A.
Published: February 2025

Lightweight and dense hydrogen storage is critical to hydrogen’s feasibility in transportation applications. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen is denser than compressed gas and can be stored at low pressures, enabling lightweight tanks. To design liquid hydrogen tanks, engineers need to model how a tank’s pressure and temperature change during operation. This paper’s model is specifically designed to enable rapid numerical optimization of the tank’s design and operation, 2000 times faster in this paper’s example than other popular optimization methods. The model captures the essential physics for liquid hydrogen storage, filling, and extraction in transport applications. It includes a new prediction method for a resistive heater, a common tank pressure control device. The authors validate the model against liquid hydrogen tank ground test data provided by a fuel cell aircraft company. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data for both dormancy and fuel extraction tests. The model’s Python implementation is open source.
Combustion Temperature Measurement of the Solid Propellant Specimen by Colorimetric Radiation Image
Authors: Yang Yang , Hu Haihang , Ni Hu , Zhang Chao , Yang Bin , Fan Rong
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the influencing factors of the colorimetric radiation image temperature measurement method, including the representative wavelength, the calibration method, and the camera exposure time. A relatively high-precision method is next obtained for selecting a representative wavelength and calibration method. Then it is applied to the measurement of the combustion temperature of the solid propellant specimen. Finally, the temperature variation regularity of a different propellant was analyzed in the process of combustion. The results show that selecting the maximum response of each channel of the camera as the representative wavelength and the function construction method is more accurate for calibration and calculation. In the range of the photoelectric response of the camera, the exposure time has little effect on the temperature measurement accuracy. Compared with thermocouple temperature measurement results, the relative deviation of radiation image thermometry is −1.2%, which verifies the accuracy of radiation image thermometry.
Pengaruh Sinar Plasma Terhadap Peningkatan laju Perkecambahan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Asal Biji TSS Varietas Sanren F1
Authors: Surur Mukhammad Akmal , Prihastanti Erma , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Darmanti Sri
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAK
 Bawang merah Sanren F1 merupakan jenis varietas TSS yang banyak dibudidayakan petani bawang Indonesia. Budidaya bawang merah Sanren F1 dihadapkan pada kendala perkecambahan tidak serempak dan viabilitas benih yang rendah. sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas benih dan hasil panen bawang merah TSS. Radiasi sinar plasma merupakan salah satu metode pemuliaan tanaman yang cepat, ekonomis dan bebas polusi untuk meningkatkan kinerja benih dan hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh periode sinar plasma terhadap laju perkecambahan bawang merah asal biji TSS varietas Sanren F1. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Faktor yang digunakan yaitu periode penyinaran dengan 6 taraf yaitu: P0 (kontrol), P1 (radiasi 5 menit), P2 (radiasi 10 menit), P3 (radiasi 15 menit), P4 (radiasi 20 menit), dan P5 (radiasi 25 menit).  Variable yang diamati yaitu daya perkecambahan, laju perkecambahan, vigor benih dan tinggi kecambah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analiysis of Variance (ANOVA) taraf kepercayaan 95% untuk pembentukan hasil berpengaruh nyata atau tidak. Jika berpengaruh maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan sinar plasma pada taraf  penyinaran 15 menit (P3) memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan yaitu tinggi perkecambahan dan sudah mampu meningkatkan daya kecambah dan vigor benih menjadi 100%.
Kata kunci : Bawang merah, Perkecambahan, Radiasi plasma, TSS
Increasing Flavonoid Compounds Through The Use Of Elicitors In Callus Culture Catharanthus Roseus L.
Authors: Syam Netty , Numba Sudirman , Imaniar Mutiara
Published: February 2025

Catharanthus roseus L., or periwinkle has attracted widespread attention because of its richness in bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids which are beneficial for health. Therefore, fast and effective propagation techniques are needed to obtain secondary metabolites in this plant. The aim of the research is to study the effect of Elicitor Cu2+ application on the morphology of Catharanthus callus and to determine the best concentration of Elicitor Cu2+ in increasing the content of
flavonoid compounds in Catharanthus. Callus culture research was carried out at the Plant Reproduction Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Teaching Industry Building, Department of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, and analysis of flavonoid compounds was carried out at the Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas  Muslim Indonesia, Makassar. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four Cu2+ concentration levels, namely 0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, and 8 ppm with three repetitions. Each experimental unit consists of 3 culture bottles. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the 5% Tukey test. The research results showed that the addition of 4-8 ppm Cu2+ elicitor to the callus growth medium was not toxic to the callus, so the callus cells were still actively dividing as indicated by the callus being compact and greenish-yellow in color. The addition of Cu2+ elicitor with a concentration of 6 ppm was able to increase the content of flavonoid compounds in Catharanthus roseus callus culture. The use of Cu2+ elicitors has the potential to be developed to produce secondary compounds in medicinal plants.
Optimasi Budidaya Bawang Merah Secara Organik dengan Formulasi Kompos Gulma Siam Berbasis Agens Hayati
Authors: Nugroho Bambang , Mildaryani Warmanti , Astriani Dian
Published: February 2025

Budidaya bawang merah secara konvensional telah membawa efek negatif seperti pencemaran lingkungan, menurunnya biodiversitas, dan resistensi jamur patogen.  Penggunaan pupuk organik dan biopestisida menjadi solusi yang baik.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis optimum kompos gulma siam yang dikombinasikan dengan agens hayati Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae avirulen.  Penelitian ini menggunakan faktor tunggal yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 ulangan.  Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah dosis kompos gulma siam, A = kontrol, B = 5 ton/ha, C = 10 ton/ha, D = 15 ton/ha dan E = 20 ton/ha.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampai dengan dosis 20 ton/ha pupuk gulma siam hanya meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada variabel bobot segar dan bobot kering tanaman.  Tidak ada beda nyata pada variabel hasil.  Insidensi penyakit moler sangat rendah selama penelitian.
Are Women Less Likely to Return to Sport Compared to Men Following Hip Arthroscopy. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: King Matthew G. , Van Klij Pim , Hoak Fan , Kierkegaard-Brøchner Signe , West Thomas J. , Scholes Mark J. , Heerey Joshua J. , Semciw Adam I. , Ganderton Charlotte , McMillan Rachael M. , Bruder Andrea M.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: To compare return-to-sport outcomes between females/women/girls and males/men/boys undergoing hip arthroscopy and explore social and structural determinants of health that may influence return to sport.

DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

LITERATURE SEARCH: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from inception to February 2024.

STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they assessed return to sport after hip arthroscopy and analyzed the influence of sex/gender on return-to-sport outcomes, or reported sex- or gender-stratified return-to-sport rates.

DATA SYNTHESIS: We used a random effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios and conducted meta-regressions to compare return-to-sport outcomes between females/women/girls and males/men/boys.

RESULTS: Forty-five studies were included, with all pooled results deemed as very low–certainty evidence. Compared to males/men/boys, females/women/girls had inferior return to sport at the same or higher level between 1 and 3 years postoperatively (pooled OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.81; P = .004), and at any level of sport at >3 years postoperatively (pooled OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.86; P = .014). Sports participation decreased over time, with ~5.5% to 10% lower proportions observed in females/women/girls compared to males/men/boys. The reporting of determinants of returning to sport was minimal, precluding further exploration of their effects.

CONCLUSION: Females/women/girls had lower odds of return to sport, especially during longer follow-up periods, than males/men/boys. The lack of reporting of social and structural determinants of health influencing return-to-sport outcomes makes the reasons for this disparity unclear. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2025;55(3):193-205. Epub 10 February 2025. doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.12813
ОБЫКНОВЕННЫЕ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОПЕРАТОРЫ С НЕРЕГУЛЯРНЫМИ ГРАНИЧНЫМИ УСЛОВИЯМИ
Authors: Намазова Н.М.к.
Published: February 2025

Нерегулярные граничные условия в смысле Биркгофа-Тамарки для обыкновенных дифференциальных операторов двух формулировок aU (0) + W (1) + yU(0) + £U(1) = 0 aU(0) - ви(1) = 0 находится в форме. Изучаются граничные задачи, возникающие из обыкновенных дифференциальных выражений двух форм и более общих нерегулярных граничных условий в пространстве Lq (0,I). Показано, что оператор коэрцитивен по пространственным переменным, но не коэрцитивен по спек-тральному параметру и происходит потеря -. Во-вторых, дискретность спектра оператора Z зависит от оператора младшего порядка. Нерегулярные граничные условия L1U = U'(0) + сри'(1) + yU(0) + dU(1) + T1U = 0 T1,T2 где линейные непрерывные функционалы Lr (0,1) для любого г<ш и U" (x) + b(x) U'(x) + c(x)U(x) + XU(x) = f(x) где b e Ж/(0,1), c e L(0,1) Как можно видеть, нерегулярная задача, возникающая из более общих граничных условий, рассматривалась со ссылкой на знаменитые нерегулярные граничные условия в смысле Биркофа-Томарка. После этого оценивалась резольвента краевой задачи, образованная головной частью дифференциального оператора. Доказана коэрцитивность краевой задачи для уравнения двух порядков, включающего спектральный параметр, и показана полнота системы собственных и связных функций.
ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ НЕРВНО-МЫШЕЧНОГО АППАРАТА ЮНЫХ ВОЛЕЙБОЛИСТОК 12-13 ЛЕТ НА ЭТАПЕ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ СПОРТИВНОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Ямпольский А.С.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена проблеме управления физической подготовленности и оценки функционального состояния юных спортсменов на этапе начальной специализации. В ней представлены результаты исследования нервно-мышечного аппарата группы волейболисток 12-13 лет. Цель исследования - обнаружение признаков утомления, патологических процессов или двигательной одаренности юных волейболисток на основании полученных результатов измерений. Показаны различные варианты фоновых состояний нервно-мышечного аппарата юных спортсменок. В зависимости от наличия право-левосторонней асимметрии, качественных и количественных характеристик мышечного сокращения (Н-рефлекса, М-ответа, F-волны) дана оценка функционального состояния испытуемых. В тексте статьи предложены индивидуальные рекомендации по коррекции тренировочного процесса. Обнаружено отсутствие ответа быстрых (FF) двигательных единиц (ДЕ) у 12 из 13 испытуемых. У 5 спортсменок среди предположены наличие двигательной одаренности на основании присутствия выраженного Н-рефлекса, М-ответа медленных (S), быстрых (FR), низких значений латентного времени вызванного сокращения (ЛВВС) и отсутствия F-волны. Обнаружено отсутствие ответа быстрых (FF) ДЕ у 12 из 13 испытуемых. У 8 из 13 испытуемых обнаружены признаки наличия некомпенсированного утомления, либо патологического процесса в НМА. По сравнению с результатами исследований, проведенных на высококвалифицированных спортсменах, отмечены повышенные пороги рекрутирования ДЕ у 12-13-летних волейболисток.
ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МИКРОБИОТИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА КИШЕЧНИКА ПРИ COVID-19
Authors: Назарова М.В. , Потатуркина-Нестерова Н.И. , Ильина Н.А.
Published: February 2025

Исследования микробиотического состава кишечника человека при COVID-19 показали изменения качественного и количественного состава кишечной микробиоты и появление патогенных представителей (гемолитической Escherichia coli и Staphylococcus aureus). Наибольшие количественные изменения зафиксированы у Klebsiella pneumoniae и у лактозонегативной Escherichia coli. Наименьшие расхождения с контролем отмечены у Escherichia coli с нормальной ферментативной активностью.
ГНЕЗДЯЩИЕСЯ ВОРОБЬЕОБРАЗНЫЕ ПТИЦЫ ЛИСТВЕННИЧНИКОВ В БАССЕЙНЕ РЕКИ КАМЧАТКИ
Authors: Герасимов Ю.Н. , Духова Э.Р.
Published: February 2025

Состав населения гнездящихся птиц лиственничных лесов Камчатки исследован в 2003-2024 гг. Использован трансектный метод учета птиц, суммарный учетный маршрут составил 528 км. Обобщены данные по численности разных видов.
МОНИТОРИНГ И ОХРАНА ГЕНОФОНДА В СЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЯХ РЕДКИХ ЛИШАЙНИКОВ И МХОВ
Authors: Гасымова А.Г. , Алекперов Ф.Ф.
Published: February 2025

Мхи и лишайники являются не только индикатором изменений в окружающей среде, они также создают особые экологические условия, тесно участвуя в процессах, происходящих в этих фитоценозах. Мхи и лишайники дают диагностику антропогенных изменений окружающей среды и динамических процессов в природных группировках. По словам известных биологов, «Мхи - это такая страница геологической истории, которую невозможно прочитать у других растений» [1,4,].

Mosses and lichens are not only an indicator of changes in the environment, they also create special ecological conditions by closely participating in the processes occurring in these phytocenoses. Mosses and lichens provide a diagnosis of anthropogenic changes in the environment and dynamic processes in natural groups. According to famous biologists, «Mosses are such a page of geological history that cannot be read in other plants» [1,4,]. The fact that lichens are relatively ecological plastic creates ample opportunities for their distribution in different natural and climatic zones. Lichens play an important role in the formation and dynamics of many plant communities, especially vegetation on bare rocks. The lichen and moss flora of the study area is divided into 5 categories according to the degree of rarity: species that are in danger of extinction -category I (EW), those whose habitats are decreasing and are in danger of extinction if protection measures are not taken - category II (CR), those that are at the limit of critical danger - category III (CR B2ab.), those close to the dangerous level - category IV (NT), those vulnerable to extinction - category V (VU D2).
АНАЛИЗ ФЛОРЫ ОТВАЛОВ ИЗВЕСТНЯКОВОГО КАРЬЕРА В ЗАУРАЛЬЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН
Authors: Папян Э.Э. , Ильина И.В. , Суюндуков И.В.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье рассмотрены особенности видового состава растительных сообществ в районе добычи известняка в Зауралье Республики Башкортостан. Изучены систематическая и экологическая, географическая структуры флоры. Проведен анализ происхождения видов флоры отвалов Известкового карьера. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при проведении биоэкологического мониторинга состояния окружающей среды в районах добычи известняка.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ФЛОРЫ ОТВАЛОВ СИБАЙСКОГО КАРЬЕРА В ЗАУРАЛЬЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН
Authors: Папян Э.Э. , Ильина И.В. , Хасанова Р.Ф. , Баимова С.Р. , Ягафарова Г.А.
Published: February 2025

Изучены некоторые характеристики флоры отвалов Сибайского карьера Учалинского горнообогатительного комбината. Среди ведущих семейств доминируют Asteraceae и Poaceae. В спектре биоморф преобладают гемикриптофиты. Значительная доля видов флоры относятся к лесостепным и степным элементам, имеют евроазиатский и европейско-западноазиатским тип ареала. Выявлены восемь видов парциальной флоры являющиеся адвентивными.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АЗОТНОКИСЛЫХ ЭФИРОВ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ
Authors: Романова С.М. , Мадякина А.М. , Ахтямова З.Г. , Романова К.А.
Published: February 2025

Изучена реакция между азотнокислым эфиром целлюлозы с формулой элементарного звена СfH7O2(OH)087(ONO2)2I3 и бариевой солью 4,4’,5,5’-тетранитро-2,2’-бисимидазола (ВаТНБИ) в среде диметилформамида (ДМФА) при температуре 70-72 оС и различном времени выдержки. Выявлены преимущественные направления реакции, а именно, нуклеофильное замещение нитратных групп нитрата целлюлозы на фрагмент молекулы нуклеофила 4,4’,5,5’-тетранитро-2,2’-бисимидазолом (ТНБИ); частичный гидролиз нитратных групп азотнокислого эфира целлюлозы; деполимеризация и деструкция цепи ВМС. При деструкции и деполимеризации происходит разрыв ф-гликозидных связей, и фрагменты молекулы ТНБИ присоединяются в положения С7 и С4 кольца глюкопиранрзы. Оптимальное время реакции при 70°C составляет 4 часа. Результаты демонстрируют возможность регулировать состав модифицированных нитратов целлюлозы путём изменения параметров синтеза для получения материалов с заданными свойствами.
ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ФОРМУЛ ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ ПРОСАДОЧНЫХ ГРУНТОВ, ЗАЛЕГАЮЩИХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ Г. КРАСНОДАРА
Authors: Хансиварова Н.М.
Published: February 2025

Для дисперсных связных просадочных грунтов лёссовой субформации Предкавказья, залегающих на территории г. Краснодара выполнен корреляционно-регрессионный анализ, получены формулы для расчета показателей пластичности. Оценена возможность их практического использования. Для этого проведен анализ фактических лабораторных значений показателей пластичности с величинами, вычисленными по предлагаемым формулам. Сопоставление проводилось по трем критериям: сходимости статистических параметров; тесноте связи; совпадению принадлежности к классификационным разновидностям (супесям, суглинкам, глинам).
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРА ХПК К КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯМ ВЗВЕШЕННЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ (ПАРАМЕТРА ХПК/ВВ) ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ СТОРОННИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОД НА УЧАСТКАХ СБРОСА СТОЧНЫХ ВОД
Authors: Кузнецов Е.А.
Published: February 2025

Предлагается применять параметр ХПК/ВВ по данным мониторинга качества стоков с городских очистных сооружений и речных вод для выявления вклада в загрязнение водного объекта сторонних источников его загрязнения. Такие источники будут располагаться между створом выпуска стоков с городских очистных сооружений и контрольным створом, который используется для мониторинга нормативного разбавления сточных вод. В качестве подобных источников могут быть дренажные стоки, малые реки и ручьи, протекающие по сильно заболоченным участкам или по территориям дачных поселков, а также любые не канализованные стоки. При разбавлении сточных вод речными должно соблюдаться следующее условие - параметр ХПК/ВВ на контрольном створе реки имеет промежуточное значение между его величинами на фоновом створе и в сбрасываемых сточных водах. При не соблюдении этого условия следует предполагать влияние на качество речных вод на контрольном створе других источников загрязнения поверхностных вод помимо городских стоков и принять меры по их выялению.
ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА УСТЬЕВ РЕК ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ОСТРОВА ВАЙГАЧ В КАРСКОМ МОРЕ
Authors: Мискевич И.В. , Мосеев Д.С. , Лохов А.С. , Нецветаева О.П.
Published: February 2025

В настоящей статье рассматриваются результаты комплексных исследований Северо-Западного отделения Института океанологии РАН, проведенные в июле 2024 года в устьях рек Дровяная и Талейя-ха на острове Вайгач. Получены данные о пространственно- временной структуре зон смешения речных и морских вод по гидрологическим, гидрохимическим параметрам и по распределению водных фитоценозов. Выявлено, что характер функционирования геоэкологических условий и маргинальных фильтров в устьях малых рек арктических островов во многом определяется их геоморфологией. При этом на транзит металлов с островной суши в море значительное влияние оказывают водные макрофиты.
ДУБЛИРОВАНИЕ В ЗАЩИТЕ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Давлетова Д.Р. , Шагапов И.А.
Published: February 2025

В работе предложен новый подход в защите информации - дублирование системы защиты информации. Показана возможность применения принципа дублирования в защите информации для повышения ее устойчивости к разведке, отказоустойчивости и надежности. Описаны некоторые уровни использования подхода, начиная от уровня приложения и заканчивая физическим уровнем. Показано, что подход может быть вполне экономически целесообразным, а для его реализации можно использовать имеющееся необязательно высокоэффективное недорогое программное и аппаратное обеспечение. Приведенный подход является новым и неожиданным и может привлечь внимание исследователей, разработчиков и пользователей в данной сфере.
ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ГИСТЕРЕЗИСНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ НЕСИММЕТРИЧНОГО РЕЖИМА В ПРИВОДЕ ЭЛЕКТРОВЕРЕТЕНА И СРАВНЕНИЕ ЕГО С АСИНХРОННЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЕМ
Authors: Останин С.Ю. , Лискин А.С. , Михеев Д.В. , Анисимов М.Н. , Федоров И.А.
Published: February 2025

Проведено математическое моделирование и проектирование гистерезисного электродвигателя для работы в несимметричном режиме в синхронном электроприводе механизмов современных и новых разрабатываемых технологических машин по выпуску химических волокон и нитей. Показаны преимущества применения для таких механизмов и машин гистерезисных электродвигателей и синхронных электроприводов на их основе по сравнению с асинхронными электродвигателями и электроприводами.
НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЕ СТРАНИЦЫ БИОГРАФИИ Е.В. БЛИЗНЯКА
Authors: Савенкова В.М.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена Евгению Варфоломеевичу Близняку - выдающемуся специалисту в области гидрологии суши и водных исследований, основоположнику речных изысканий на водных магистралях Сибири. В ее основу легли материалы личного фонда ученого, хранящиеся в Российском государственном архиве экономики. Они помогут восполнить пробелы, уточнить детали и исправить неточности в научной биографии Близняка.
ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ КАЛИБРОВОЧНЫХ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТОВ МЕЖДУ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИМ УРАВНЕНИЕМ ЛЕНГМЮРА И КИНЕМАТИЧЕСКИМ УРАВНЕНИЕМ ОПАРИНА
Authors: Киряева Т.А.
Published: February 2025

Впервые экспериментально определены калибровочные коэффициенты операторной связи между уравнением Ленгмюра и кинематическим уравнением Опарина для волн маятникового типа. Установленные феноменологические зависимости основаны на данных микро-наноструктурного анализа особенностей строения и фазового состояния угольного вещества различного марочного состава с применением рентгенофазового анализа и масс-спектроскопии в режиме in situ, а также корреляционного анализа натурных данных о геомеханических свойствах угленосных толщ Кузбасса.
Evaluation of Quercetin Phytosome™ and Zinc in Supporting Subjects with Chronic Allergic and Non-Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Gamba Paolo ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery LAB of Clinical and Instrumental Vestibology Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Italy
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible benefit of Quercimmun (quercetin PhytosomeTM, a quercetin formulated as phospholipid Phytosome™ and zinc), in subjects with Chronic Allergic and Non-allergic Rhinitis, in order to alleviate symptoms. All enrolled subjects were supplemented with Quercimmun, 2 tablets/day for 60 days. The retrospective anamnestic and clinical-instrumental analysis of 36 enrolled subjects led to the subdivision of 3 groups: 12 mild chronic allergic rhinitis (according to ARIA), 12 vasomotor non allergic rhinitis, and 12 chronic drugs induced rhinitis (decongestive nasal therapy abuse).

Monitoring was carried out at baseline and after 60 days of supplementation. The statistical evaluation of symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing was carried out by associating a score according to the severity of the symptoms. Quercimmun was effective in alleviating symptoms after 60 days supplementation, confirming the beneficial properties of quercetin, proposing its use as a support aid in nasal-sinus disorders, especially of allergic origin.

Keywords: Rhinitis; Quercetin; Phytosome
Excited-State Aromatization Drives Non-Equilibrium Planarization Dynamics
Authors: Yoneda Yusuke , Konishi Tomoaki , Suga Kensuke , Saito Shohei , Kuramochi Hikaru
Published: February 2025

Excited-state aromaticity is one of the most widely applied concepts in the field of chemistry, often used as a rational guideline for predicting conformational changes of cyclic π-conjugated systems induced by photoexcitation. Yet, the details of the relationship between the corresponding photoinduced electronic and structural dynamics have remained unclear. In this work, we applied femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved time-domain Raman spectroscopies to track a nonequilibrium planarization dynamics of cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivative associated with the excited-state aromaticity. In the femtosecond time-resolved Raman data, the bent-to-planar structural change was clearly captured as a continuous peak shift of the marker band, which was unambiguously identified with 13C-labeling. Our findings show that the planarization occurs after a significant change in the electronic structure, suggesting that the system first becomes aromatic, followed by a conformational change. This work provides a unique framework for understanding the excited-state aromaticity from a dynamical aspect.
Auger-excited Photoluminescence from Gold Nanoflowers
Authors: Koopman Wouter , Kutschera Jan , Stete Felix , Bargheer Matias
Published: February 2025

Photoluminescence from metal nanostructures offers a promising means for studying excited charge processes in metal nanostructures. Moreover, it has many potential applications in sensing, imaging, and nanothermometry. However, a general understanding of the emission from metal nanoparticles has not yet been achieved. In particular, the possible presence of sequential emission mechanisms involving the excitation of conduction band electrons via Auger scattering remains unclear. In this article, we provide spectroscopic evidence for Auger-excited intraband emission from gold nanoflowers. We employ a combination of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy to investigate the excitation pathways in films of gold nanoflowers. While on the one hand, the excitation spectrum clearly demonstrates absorption by interband transitions, the emission spectra can be unequivocally assigned to intraband recombination. The combination of these two observations can only be conclusively explained by Auger-excited intraband emission. This results suggest that Auger excitation is a promising route to generate energetic non-thermal electrons with energies substantially above the Fermi level. Exploiting this effect could strongly benefit applications for nano-luminescent probes and the progress of plasmon catalysis.
A Universal Oxygen Scavenger for Oxidase-based Biosensors
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Saadeldin Mohamed , Buesen Darren , Elfaitory Hamzah , Burger Jakob , Friebe Vincent , Honacker Jonas , Voepel Tobias , Oughli Alaa , Plumeré Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are extensively deployed for point-of-use applications due to their low cost, simplicity, and high selectivity. However, oxygen from ambient air often causes interferences, leading to inaccurate results. Here, we developed a universal enzymatic O2 scavenger composed of alcohol oxidase, catalase, and paraformaldehyde, designed to convert O2 into water within the sensor strip. The O2 scavenging was evaluated for implementation in oxidase-based biosensors. Alcohol oxidase is advantageous as a catalyst for O2 scavenging because it exclusively donates electrons to O₂, thereby preventing interferences with other sensor components. Additionally, paraformaldehyde acts as a solid precursor to formaldehyde, which can be oxidized by alcohol oxidase. This bypasses the need for any volatile compound in the sensor, thus allowing for long-term storage. The O2 scavenger was validated for glucose sensing across a glucose concentration range relevant to diabetes management. In the presence of the O2 scavenger, the sensing accuracy in ambient air was 99% of that achieved under inert gas conditions. In contrast, sensors without the scavenger exhibited readings that were less than 50% of those under inert gas conditions. Implementation in biosensors for lactate and creatinine show that the alcohol oxidase-based O2 scavenger is generally compatible with oxidase-based electrochemical biosensors for point-of-care applications.
Modelling of formic acid production using solventless trialkylamine reduction strategies
Authors: de Leeuw den Bouter Anouk , Miquelot Adeline , Brito Larissa , Olivier Pierre , van der Schaaf John
Published: February 2025

Solventless fed-batch experiments at elevated pressures were performed to gain insights into the performance of using triethylamine as an extraction base during the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. No formic acid was observed in the bulk liquid after several hours of reaction. Analysis on the spent catalyst revealed significant formic acid build-up within the catalyst pores. A fundamental, continuum model based on Cahn-Hilliard spinodal decomposition was developed and validated to study the influence of the biphasic nature of formic acid – trialkylamine structures during reaction at pore level. The biphasic nature of the tertiary alkylamine – formic acid system was found to have significant implications for the reaction performance of the proposed system.