bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standarsidation, Nutritional and Phytonutrient Composition of Aerva lanata Incorporated Product
Authors: Soujanya Kanneboina , Kumari B. Anila , Jyothsna E.
Published: May 2022

Nutritionally rich snack item was developed by the incorporation of a wild green leafy vegetable powder-Aerva lanata. The plant has good nutritional, cultural and medicinal value. The present study evaluated and compared the nutritional and phytonutrient composition of value-added snack along with its control. It was found the increase in protein (18.24g/100g), ash (3.34g/100g), crude fiber (2.65g/100g), vitamin C (2.86mg/100g), total carotenoid (233.21μg/100g) and beta carotenoid (34.14μg/100g) content of the leaf incorporated murukku than its control. The minerals like the calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, phosphorus, potassium was increased by 159.47, 121.73, 20.12, 25.0, 42.7, 2.55, 6.58% whereas sodium content was decreased by 15.54% in the product then the control sample. The qualitative analysis of methanolic extracts of products identified the presence of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phlobatinins and steroids. The phenolic, flavonoid and tannic acid content of product was increased by 96.52, 842.99 and 64.02% respectively. The study concluded that the product was best accepted than the control sample in all organoleptic properties. In addition, incorporation of leaf powder increased the nutritional, mineral and antioxidant activity of the product. Value addition of the wild green leafy vegetable in traditional food products improves the palatability, dietary diversity and improves the nutritional status.
Ecological Risk Link to Trace Metals Levels in Surface Sediments from Fresco Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
Authors: Nicaise Ouattara Yè , Albert Trokourey , Diarrassouba Tuo Adama
Published: May 2022

Sediment contamination with trace metals remains a current problem for aquatic ecosystems management worldwide. Surface sediments from Fresco Lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire) were analyzed to assess the contamination degree of the area. Concentrations of five selected trace metals (Pb, As, Mn, Zn, and Fe) and organic matter content were determined in samples collected from ten (10) stations, from June 2019 to March 2020. Trace metals concentrations were determined using an ICP-OES Instrument, while the organic matter contents were determined by the mass loss on ignition. The results revealed organic matter contents ranged from 5.28 to 28.31% and concentrations of trace metal (in mg.kg-1 dry weight) in the following ranges: 3.68 to 38.2 for Pb, 0.98 to 19.1 for As, 19.79 to 325 for Mn, 13.78 to 461.18 for Zn, and 1269.21 to 59862.37 for Fe. Organic matter showed a positive and significant correlation with Pb and Fe. To assess the metal pollution status in the studied area, four pollution indices were also calculated: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Degree of Contamination (DC), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Based on Igeo values, the sediments of Fresco Lagoon were in the range of unpolluted to moderately polluted with As, but unpolluted with Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe. The Enrichment factors of Pb, Zn, As, Mn, and Fe were: 64.22±52.32, 107.04±111.88, 227.29±203.06, 10.25±8.76, and 52.04±47.44 respectively, suggesting that the source of those metals was more likely to be anthropogenic. The falling trend of enrichment factors was as follows: As > Zn > Pb > Fe > Mn. Moreover, the PLI values (PLI>1) showed higher values at the stations closed to the urban area, due to the influence of direct external sources such as agricultural runoff, and other anthropogenic inputs. The comparison of trace metals concentrations in sediments from Fresco Lagoon with the sediment quality guidelines showed that there was no toxic risk for benthic organisms regarding arsenic, lead, and zinc. In conclusion, the results obtained for the present work have revealed the need for the best management of anthropogenic activities regarding trace metals in general, and more particularly Pb and As.
Comparative Study of Serum Ferritin with C - reactive protein Serum Adenosine Deaminase, and Other Biochemical Parameters in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Belsare Vinita , Belsare Hrishikesh , Agrawal Sanjay , Munghate Sarika
Published: May 2022

In COVID-19 pandemic clinical assessment is indispensable, but laboratory markers, or biomarkers, can provide additional, objective information which can significantly impact these components of patient care. COVID-19 is not a localized respiratory infection but a multisystem disease caused by a diffuse systemic process involving a complex interplay of the immunological, inflammatory and coagulative cascades. The understanding of what the virus does to the body and how the body reacts to it has uncovered a gamut of potential biomarkers. Our study demonstrates the different classes of biomarkers – immunological, inflammatory, cardiac, biochemical in terms of their pathophysiological basis. The correlation of serum ferritin with CRP, ADA and biochemical parameters predicting cardiac injury, liver injury and renal injury were evaluated. Serum ferritin and CRP was found to be significantly elevated with the disease severity. Serum ADA levels were also significantly different in group with high ferritin, which demonstrate that increased ADA leads to low adenosine, which is further responsible for exaggeration of inflammatory response in Covid-19. This suggest the protective role of adenosine in COVID 19. CKMB and LDH also serves as important biomarkers for cardiac injury and was found to be significantly different in groups with high ferritin which also suggestive of myocardial damage. Hepatic and renal bio parameters were also significantly different in groups with high ferritin levels, which is also suggestive hepatic and renal damage.
Managing of Change Orders in Public Construction Projects: A Framework for Governmental Projects in Jordan
Authors: Al-Adwan Waseem , Alnsour Moawiah , Al-Omari Zakaria
Published: May 2022

Change orders have a substantial impact on construction projects. In the Change orders, there is no "optimal solution", but we are always trying to get as close to the "optimality" as possible. This research aims to bridge this knowledge gap, by presenting a comparative study between Jordanian legislation and legislation in neighboring countries, in addition to determining the effect of change orders in a sample of previous projects on time and cost, in addition to identifying the reasons that led to these changes. Interview questions for experts in this field that include most of the parties related to changes to amend the current framework and submit a proposal to amend the systems for changes. This research studied the variation orders and their impact on the basic elements of projects, especially government projects, as well studied the legislative systems that rule variation orders and the most important differences between them and their conflict with each other. In the results, developing a framework for managing change orders was made. This framework can contribute to avoiding changes or how solving them or reducing their effects in the field of construction.
Excavations outside the Roman fort on the Antonine Wall at Croy Hill, 1975–8
Authors: Hanson William S , Allason-Jones Lindsay , Bateson Donal , Bidwell Paul , Campbell Louisa , Cottam Sally , Croom Alexandra , Dickinson Brenda M , Gillings Mark , Hartley Brian R , Hartley Katherine F , Hird Louise , Lunt Dorothy A , MacSween Ann , Price Jennifer , Robertson Anne S , Robinson David E , Rose Hannelore , Williams David , Wright Dene , Young Archie
Published: May 2022

Large-scale rescue excavation beyond the guardianship area around the Roman fort on the Antonine Wall at Croy Hill (NGR: NS 7335 7652) was undertaken over four summers (1975–8), funded by a predecessor to Historic Environment Scotland. The aims of the excavation were to identify any potential civil settlement associated with the fort and to confirm the character and date of a pre-fort enclosure identified by Sir George Macdonald in the 1930s.

The latter proved to be a camp associated with the building of the Antonine Wall, not an earlier Flavian fort as previously postulated. A civil settlement was shown to lie within the guardianship area on a plateau immediately to the west of the fort, though only one timber structure extended into the excavated area. However, a curvilinear trackway wound its way down the hill from the settlement towards a southern road that bypassed the fort. The trackway was defined by substantial ditches that contained a large quantity and wide variety of artefactual material washed down from the settlement, predominantly after its abandonment. The bypass road, which showed signs of at least two phases of construction, was traced for a distance of some 275m. The area on either side of it to the east of the fort was divided up by a system of fence lines and ditches into fields or compounds, one of which contained a pottery kiln, another a cremation burial.

Field observation during the excavation led to the suggestion that a fortlet lay some 80m west of the fort. This was confirmed by limited excavation within the guardianship area. The construction of the fortlet was shown to have been contemporary with the Antonine Wall.
The Effect of Volunteer Work in Hospitals: In a Brazilian University Hospital
Authors: Cruz June Alison Westarb , Rodrigues Kleberson Massaro , Vale Ronald Rodrigues , Moraes Suelen Cequinel , Kato Heitor Takashi , Weymer Alex Sandro Quadros
Published: May 2022

Na gestão das instituições de saúde, em especial das estruturas hospitalares, a hipótese de que o trabalho voluntário proporciona mais eficiência na assistência hospitalar é um pensamento comum ao longo da prática cotidiana dessas instituições. No entanto, faltam evidências quantitativas de apoio a esse argumento. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o efeito do trabalho voluntário na qualidade do atendimento, mais especificamente, o efeito na satisfação do usuário, na taxa média de permanência e na taxa de infecções hospitalares, em uma Instituição Hospitalar Universitária do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo baseado em relatórios gerenciais internos, cujas análises foram realizadas por meio de regressões múltiplas, testes de normalidade de resíduos e testes de multicolinearidade. Os resultados apontam para dois indicadores claros da eficácia do trabalho voluntário: Taxa Média de Permanência e Taxa Média de Infecção Hospitalar. Ambos demonstram que, além de promover a humanização da assistência, o trabalho voluntário contribui para a qualidade da assistência à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Subtração da Gestão de Políticas Públicas no Contexto Pandêmico: os desdobramentos de um desamparo público agravado pela Covid-19
Authors: Boullosa Rosana de Freitas , Peres Janaina Lopes Pereira , Laranja Lara Silva , Silva Luciana Guedes da
Published: May 2022

O novo coronavírus trouxe uma série de desafios e dilemas para diferentes campos científicos, os quais não mediram esforços nas contribuições para o enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19. No campo das políticas públicas e, em especial, no campo de estudos das políticas públicas, esses desafios retomaram a inclinação à racionalidade instrumental (de tradição positivista) e à desassociação entre fato e valor; agravaram o desamparo público vivido; e ressaltaram a disputa de narrativas no Brasil, gerando um esvaziamento discursivo em torno da noção de ‘gestão’ no combate à pandemia. Neste artigo, a despolitização da gestão de políticas públicas é problematizada a partir desses três aspectos, abordando os fatores que causaram a subtração da gestão, e discutindo como a Gestão Social pode contribuir para retomar um projeto de desenvolvimento democrático e participativo.
A Gestão Social das Religiões no Mundo da Pandemia: notícias das religiões de matriz africana e os seus discursos em torno da @cura.da terra
Authors: Nascimento André Luis , Tozi Desirée Ramos
Published: May 2022

O objetivo do presente artigo de natureza ensaística é, de modo fotográfico, compreender como se deram, nos primeiros momentos da pandemia instaurada, os processos de ação e mobilização social das lideranças religiosas ligadas às tradições de matriz africana. Que discursos e que práticas sociais passaram a ser incorporadas nas rotinas religiosas dessas comunidades tradicionais é o nosso foco de atenção. Como caso empírico, traremos o relato da experiência de formulação e gestão da campanha @cura.daterra no instagram e grupos de whatsapp, seus alcances, limitações e potencial narrativo.
Toda Moeda Tem Dois Lados: ensinoaprendizagem em tempos de COVID19
Authors: Souza Maria Carolina
Published: May 2022

Finalmente cheguei no final de fevereiro deste ano em Los Angeles, para atuar como Pesquisadora Visitante no Instituto Latino Americano (LAI) da Universidade da California (UCLA). Quinze dias depois, por conta do COVID 19, estavamos em casa (eu, esposo também pesquisador visitante na UCLA e dois filhos, um de 7 e outro de 4 anos), devido a recomendação de stay at home. Assim como toda moeda sempre tem dois lados (ouvimos muito isto por aqui) a minha realidade também tinha. O lado ruim de estar em casa era a ausência do convívio com os colegas do LAI e da presença fisica e cotidiana no Campus da UCLA.  O lado bom passou a ser a entrada do meu objeto de pesquisa, literalmente, dentro da minha casa. As aulas dos meus filhos, as reuniões de pais promovida pela escola, as conferências da UCLA, as reuniões da UFBA e todos os outros eventos acadêmicos passaram a ser realizados através da Internet e então pude observar variadas práticas diretamente ou indiretamente associadas ao processo de ensinoaprendizagem (aqui escrito junto para reforçar a relação inseparável entre esssas duas ações) ocorrendo em ambiente online.
O Elogio a Péricles e Brasidas na obra de Tucídides: Um estudo sobre as virtudes de dois líderes na Grécia Clássica
Authors: Schneider Ferreira Letícia
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa dedica-se a análise do elogio a dois personagens referidos na “História da Guerra do Peloponeso”, obra do general ateniense Tucídides. A Guerra do Peloponeso (431 a.C. a 404 a.C.) contrapôs Atenas e seu império a Esparta e suas cidades aliadas. O período retratado por Tucídides evidencia o auge da democracia ateniense e da valorização da igualdade entre os cidadãos. Entretanto, percebe-se que ainda está presente a prática de destacar o indivíduo que possui uma determinada gama de virtudes, evidenciadas na experiência do conflito. Este artigo analisa a exaltação ao líder ateniense Péricles e ao general espartano Brasidas, refletindo sobre os aspectos elogiados, realizando uma comparação entre estes e avaliando o significado destas características para a cultura grega desse momento.
A odisséia monarquista no Plebiscito Nacional de 1993.
Authors: Németh-Torres Geovani
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo, analiso qual foi o caminho utilizado pelo deputado Cunha Bueno para fazer o Plebiscito Nacional sobre Formas e Sistemas de Governo em 1993; como foi a campanha monarquista e quais problemas internos na Família Imperial de Bragança que comprometeram as chances de se restaurar a monarquia no Brasil.
Breves comentários sobre o século XXI
Authors: Celeste Boechat Cordeiro Sara
Published: May 2022

Resenha do livro HOBSBAWM, Eric. Globalização, democracia e terrorismo. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 2007, 182p.
O Clericalismo Medieval na Literatura: a cópula do feminino e o diabólico, um vislumbre da Imagem Precursora da Bruxa em "A Demanda do Santo Graal"
Authors: de Souza Gonçalves Francisco
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem por fito refletir sobre a imagem da bruxa, concebendo-a comoum construto gradativo do misoginismo clerical, existente em menor escala no Medievo. Pretende-se, aqui, trilhar as vias de uma abordagem histórico-literária do ilustrativo episódio da Filha do rei Hipômenes da obra medieval A Demanda do Santo Graal, queadjunge tanto heranças misóginas pregressas, quanto a ânsia clerical de controle e configuração do feminino com Eva e, por vezes, com o próprio demônio, que eclodirá ulteriormente na massiva caça às bruxas promovida na Idade Moderna. Tomar-se-á como parâmetro o protótipo de “bruxa”, conforme se vê em sua versão “acabada” no século XV, através da obra Malleus Malleficarum, o Martelo das Feiticeiras.
Experiência e Cultura: Uma Possível Aproximação Entre Antropologia, Sociologia e História em E. P. Thompson e Marshall Sahlins
Authors: Ornelas Rosa Pablo
Published: May 2022

: O pensamento marxista tem se apresentado ultimamente de diferentes formas e sob diferentes pontos de vista, inclusive aproximando disciplinas e áreas do conhecimento. Enquanto alguns autores se limitam a compreendê-lo apenas como umaanálise do modo capitalista de produção, outros tentam contextualizá-lo, utilizando-o como referencial também para análises de outros modos de produção, indo além do referencial pautado na economia política, atingindo aspectos analíticos de cunho sociais, culturais, históricos, entre outros. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho será pensar de que forma as categorias experiência e cultura poderão contribuir na aproximação entre a antropologia, sociologia e história a partir de autores como E.P. Thompson e Marshall Sahlins.
Família e relações de poder na historiografia brasileira: discussão sobre obras de Oliveira Viana, Gilberto Freyre e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda
Authors: César Feitosa Pinto Ferreira Augusto
Published: May 2022

A partir da análise de três livros considerados fundadores da história da família no Brasil, pretende-se discutir as semelhanças e diferenças das abordagens de Oliveira Vianna, Gilberto Freyre e Sérgio Buarque. O objetivo é evidenciar a importância que a família assume nas interpretações destes autores sobre a formação do país.
Sacrum et profanum: As relações entre o sagrado e profano no âmbito da experiência humana
Authors: De Paula Souza de Mendonça Júnior Francisco
Published: May 2022

O presente dossiê, Sacrum et profanum: As relações entre o sagrado e profano no âmbito da experiência humana, se apresenta como mais um momento de contribuição para uma discussão que apesar de já centenária, ao menos nos moldes da reflexão acadêmica moderna, não deixa de ser ainda incipiente. Por meio de uma composição variada de autores, com trajetórias acadêmicas diversificadas, o dossiê buscou demonstrar a diversidade de temas e de possibilidades de abordagens e dereflexões que a religiosidade permite. Buscou-se variar também a natureza dos artigos, apresentando alguns dedicados a reflexões de natureza mais teórica e outros voltados ao empreendimento do esforço analítico de casos concretos. O recorte temporal é múltiplo, indo da Antiguidade aos dias coevos, numa tentativa de apresentar a extensão das religiosidades na trajetória humana. Também se buscou acomodar no mesmo dossiê autores de formações acadêmicas díspares, para que o leitor pudesse perceber a possibilidade bem como a necessidade do diálogo interdisciplinar que o tema oferece e exige.
Esoterismo y politica de Felipe II en la España del Siglo de Oro. Reinterpretando al círculo esotérico filipino en el Escorial: Juan de Herrera, Giovanni Vicenzo Forte, Diego de Santiago, Richard Stanihurst
Authors: Pablo Bubello Juan
Published: May 2022

Felipe II conformó – y sostuvo – un círculo esotérico en su palacio-templo de El Escorial. El grupo estaba integrado por Juan de Herrera, Giovanni Vincenzo Forte, Diego de Santiago y Richard Stanihurst. Los historiadores españoles de la ciencia interpretan actualmente esta política de rey sabio en términos de los debates historiográficos sobre el desarrollo científico en España. Pero desde el punto de vista de la historia cultural, el significado real de esta política filipina adquiere otra dimensión. Para ello, debemos analizar las características del esoterismo español y, a la vez, las controversias y persecuciones sobre sus referentes.
A esquerda militar no Brasil: os veteranos comunistas da FEB (1945-1950)
Authors: Henrique Lopes Pimentel Carlos
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho busca realizar uma análise sobre os ex-combatentes brasileiros da Segunda Guerra Mundial e a organização destes em associações, O objeto de pesquisa consiste no estudo dos veteranos comunistas da Força Expedicionária Brasileira e a conseqüente disputa pelo controle político das associações de veteranos brasileiros. Para tanto, estuda-se a trajetória e a ação dos ex-combatentes de esquerda no interior das associações dos ex-combatentes brasileiros da Segunda Guerra. O recortetemporal situa-se no período entre 1945-1950 momento em que estas se consolidavam como instituição, caracterizando-se pela participação ativa dos veteranos comunistas em suas direções e organizações.
Entre abordagens e perspectivas: apresentando o dossiê “História Cultural”
Authors: Gonçalves Alvaro Bruno
Published: May 2022

Esta edição da revista Veredas da História, por meio do seu dossiê “História Cultural”, tem por objetivo apresentar diversas abordagens de estudos de variadas regiões brasileiras e, também, esboçar o que se tem pesquisado no âmbito deste campo da História.
Da civilização aos trópicos (1840-1870)
Authors: Aline Freitas Sales Mábia , Gaia Farias William
Published: May 2022

Este artigo propõe uma apresentação dos significados simbólicos dos produtos importados da Europa (Portugal, Inglaterra e França) e Estados Unidos para a Província do Pará entre o período de 1840 a 1870. Toma-se como referência que neste período tanto a mportação de produtos de primeira necessidade – como era o caso dos alimentos – quanto de bens considerados supérfluos – vestimentas e outros usos – já estavam em alta. O enfoque que se pretende atribuir é cultural, reconhecendo os aspectos figurados que permearam a divulgação desses novos bens culturais que adentraram a província, bem como as idéias decivilização e modernidade que lhe são inerentes. Sendo este último um discurso do próprio império brasileiro e que no Pará só encontrou maior recepção no período posterior a 1840, isto é, no pós-cabanagem, quanto mais se deu o aumento paulatino das navegações de longo curso.
A construção da ideologia do destino manifesto no contexto da produção cinematográfica “Black Hawk Down”
Authors: Alves da Silva Maurineide
Published: May 2022

Por volta de 1845 John L. O’Sullivan, um editor jornalístico norte-americano de influência, cunhou a frase “Destino Manifesto” que se baseava na idéia de que Deus estava do lado do expansionismo americano, sendo eles designados para espalhar e prolongar as instituições democráticas pelo mundo. A difusão de tal ideologia se refletiu em uma seqüência de intervenções militares que se segue até os dias atuais. Entre elas, temos a intervenção militar na Somália em Outubro de 1993. A fracassada manobra militar promovida pelo exército norte-americano no país africano tornou-se,nas mãos de Ridley Scott,um sucesso de cinema: o filme Black Hawk Down,que no Brasil recebeu o nome Falcão Negro em Perigo. Através da contextualização e da análise da linguagem cinematográfica da obra, identificamos a presença de fatores constituintes da ideologia do Destino Manifesto, presentes ainda no século XXI.
Entre o temor e o tremor: uma análise das relações e reações do protestantismo alemão frente o nazismo, partindo do posicionamento dos grandes teólogos protestantes do século XX
Authors: Coimbra Narcizo Makchwell
Published: May 2022

As igrejas protestantes alemãs posicionaram-se de maneiras diferentes e controversas frente ao Partido Nacional-Socialista desde suas articulações à sua ascensão e política de expansão. No presente trabalho, analiso essa relação através do posicionamentodos quatro grandes teólogos alemães contemporâneos à Segunda Guerra Mundial: Rudolf Bultmann, Karl Barth, Paul Tillich e Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Levantamento e organização de fontes históricas: processos da vara civil da comarca de Campo Mourão
Authors: Antonio Mezzomo Frank , Cristina Ferro Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Existem na cultura contemporânea ações e debates políticos promovidos por instituições de ensino superior, organizações não governamentais e grupos de pesquisa em torno da preservação documental. Estas iniciativas são motivadas pelo entendimentode que os documentos, nos mais diversos suportes e materialidades, são criações humanas que expressam seu fazer em um determinado período histórico. O artigo em pauta, em sintonia com esta problemática, é resultado de pesquisa cujo objetivo tratou de direcionar ações na preservação, organização e análise de parte dos processos civis oriundos do fundo da Comarca de Campo Mourão. Os resultados apontam para a potencialidade das fontes históricas e para a necessidade de iniciativas de preservação do patrimônio histórico cultural.
Discrepancies between frame‐ and CBCT‐based stereotactic space definition on the Gamma Knife Icon
Authors: Bannikova Irina I. , Dalechina Aleksandra V. , Kostjuchenko Valery V. , ZHuravleva Anjelika E. , Golanov Andrey V. , Banov Sergey M. , Osinov Ivan K. , Savateev Aleksandr N.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To assess differences between frame‐based and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐defined stereotactic space and to identify predictors of the observed findings.

Methods and materials

Differences between frame‐based and CBCT‐defined stereotactic space after image co‐registration were reviewed for 529 patients. Treatment planning system reported the information about the shifts in X, Y, and Z coordinates of the center of the stereotactic space (i.e., coordinate X = 100 mm, Y = 100 mm, and Z = 100 mm) defined by the frame, and the maximum shot displacement (MSD) in mm. We collected the potential predictors of the differences. In total, 19 factors were investigated. We used multiple linear regression to evaluate associations with the increased differences.

Results

Rotational and translational shifts greater than 1° and 1 mm, respectively, were observed in 2.6% of patients. At the same time, a decrease in tumor coverage of more than 5% was detected in 8.3% of cases. It was revealed that the higher fiducial errors (both mean and maximum), the greater weight of the patient, and the lower Karnofsky Performance Scale were predictors of increased rotational, translational shifts, and the MSD.
The influence of beam optics asymmetric distribution on dose in scanning carbon‐ion radiotherapy
Authors: Dong Sixue , Zhang Fuquan , Schlegel Nicki , Wang Weiwei , Sun Jiayao , Sheng Yinxiangzi , Xia Xiaobin
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To quantify the influence of beam optics asymmetric distribution on dose.

Methods

Nine reference cubic targets and corresponding plans with modulation widths (M) of 3, 6, and 9 cm and with center depths (CDs) of 6, 12, and 24 cm were generated by the treatment planning system (TPS). The Monte Carlo code FLUKA was used for simulating the dose distribution from the aforementioned original plans and the dose perturbation by varying ±5%, ±15%, ±20%, ±25%, and ±40% in spot full width half maximum to the X‐direction while keeping consistent in the Y‐direction. The dosimetric comparisons in dose deviation, γ‐index analysis, lateral penumbra, and flatness were evaluated.

Results

The largest 3D absolute mean deviation was 15.0% ± 20.9% (mean ± standard deviation) in M3CD6, whereas with the variation from −15% to +20%, the values were below 5% for all cube plans. The lowest 2D γ‐index passing rate was 80.6% with criteria of 2%–2 mm by a +40% variation in M3CD6. For the M9CD24 with a −40% variation, the maximum 1D dose deviations were 5.6% and 15.7% in the high‐dose region and the edge of the radiation field, respectively. The maximum deviations of penumbra and flatness were 3.4 mm and 11.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The scenario of beam optics asymmetric showed relatively slight influence on the global dose distribution but severely affected dose on the edge of the radiation field. For scanning carbon‐ion therapy facilities, beam spot lateral profile settings in TPS base data should be properly handled when beam optics asymmetry variation is over 15%.
Gradient Design for High‐Energy and High‐Power Batteries
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Ju Zhengyu , Zhang Xiao , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Wang Huanlei , Takeuchi Esther S. , Yu Guihua
Published: May 2022

Charge transport is a key process that dominates battery performance, and the microstructures of the cathode, anode, and electrolyte play a central role in guiding ion and/or electron transport inside the battery. Rational design of key battery components with varying microstructure along the charge‐transport direction to realize optimal local charge‐transport dynamics can compensate for reaction polarization, which accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics. Here, the principles of charge‐transport mechanisms and their decisive role in battery performance are presented, followed by a discussion of the correlation between charge‐transport regulation and battery microstructure design. The design strategies of the gradient cathodes, lithium‐metal anodes, and solid‐state electrolytes are summarized. Future directions and perspectives of gradient design are provided at the end to enable practically accessible high‐energy and high‐power‐density batteries.
Solvent‐Mediated Structural Evolution in Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Self‐Assembly
Authors: Chen Linqi , Hu Yingjie , Zhou Beier , Dong Hongxing , Mou Nanli , He Jin , Yang Zhijie , Li Jingzhou , Zhu Zihao , Zhang Long
Published: May 2022

Figuring out the inner mechanism of lattice distortion and unstable factors of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals in solvents is essential for fundamental studies and applications in photonic devices. Traditional research results simply ascribed the unstable factor to solvent polarity, which in fact are insufficient and inaccurate to explain some phenomena. Here, we propose a molecular level mechanism that the crucial cause for the instability of perovskite nanocrystals in solutions is the competition between complex bond energies in colloidal nanocrystals system. In combination with molecular dynamics simulations and first principle calculations, the kinetic process of lattice distortion and self‐assembly of perovskite nanocrystals is revealed in solutions. By tailoring the relative magnitude of the hydrogen bond energy between ligand ammonium ion and halogen, the van der Waals force between the ligands of adjacent nanocrystals and the bond energy between lead atom and halogen, nanocrystal arrays and single‐crystalline nanowires based on all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals can be freely obtained. Moreover, the polarization properties of the obtained nanowires are studied, which are related to their formation process.
Chiral Nanostructured Bimetallic Au–Ag Films for Enantiomeric Discrimination
Authors: Yang Pu , Deng Quanzheng , Duan Yingying , Liu Zexi , Fang Yuxi , Han Lu , Che Shunai
Published: May 2022

Herein, the chiral nanostructured bimetallic Au–Ag films (CNAAFs) with both photomagnetic‐chiral anisotropy to enantiomers (PM‐ChAC‐E) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐chiral anisotropy to enantiomers (SERS‐ChAC‐E) for efficient enantiomeric discrimination are reported. The CNAAFs are synthesized by electrodeposition on n‐type Si (n‐Si) substrates with the assistance of N‐acetyl‐L/D‐cysteine (S/R‐NAC) as symmetry‐breaking agents, which are consisted of polycrystalline Boerdijk–Coxeter–Bernal (BCB) tetrahelical structured Au–Ag alloy nanowires grown on n‐Si substrates perpendicularly. The anisotropic factors of PM‐ChAC‐E (gPM‐ChA) and SERS‐ChAC‐E (gSERS‐ChA) of CNAAFs in the range of 0.68–1.12 and 1.45–1.89 are obtained, respectively. Considering the increase of magnetic fields and SERS intensities with enantiomeric excess (ee) values of adsorbed enantiomers on the CNAAFs are higher than that of pure chiral nanostructure Au films, the enhancement of PM‐ChAC‐E and SERS‐ChAC‐E effects of CNAAFs can be attributed to the enhanced selective spin polarization coupling between CNAAFs and enantiomers. It is predicted to be due to the strong surface plasmon resonance generated by the active electrons of Ag under laser irradiation.
Study of Photocarriers Lifetime Distribution in a‐Si:H via Magneto‐photoconductivity and Magneto‐Photoluminescence
Authors: McLaughlin Ryan , Pan Xin , Sun Dali , Kwon Ohyun , Vardeny Zeev Valy
Published: May 2022

Herein, the magneto‐photoluminescence (MPL) of localized photocarriers and magneto‐photoconductivity (MPC) of delocalized photocarriers in amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a‐Si:H) films and devices, respectively, are investigated. Both responses are caused by mixing of spin sublevels in the photogenerated electron–hole (e–h) pairs that alters their recombination and dissociation rates. The spin mixing occurs by a combination of hyperfine interaction (HFI) between spin ½ photocarriers and neighboring 29Si and 1H nuclei, and the Δg mechanism which originates from a difference in the Landé g‐factors of electrons and holes. The existing disorder in a‐Si:H films leads to dispersive field response that is described by a unique dispersive parameter α < 1, from which the e–h lifetime distribution, g(τ) is obtained. The mean e–h lifetime is found to be ≈12 ns for the high‐energy, relatively delocalized photocarriers generating the photocurrent, as compared to ≈200 ps for the lower energy, trapped e–h pairs which yield photoluminescence. The MPL(B) and MPC(B) responses in a‐Si:H subjected to prolonged illumination that causes Staebler–Wronski type degradation, and subsequent annealing are studied. The illumination‐induced photocarrier localization that enhances the HFI component is found, which dramatically decreases upon annealing; this method can assess optoelectronic device degradation.
Nonlinear Strong Coupling by Second‐Harmonic Generation Enhancement in Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas
Authors: Krause Bryson , Mishra Dhananjay , Chen Jiyang , Argyropoulos Christos , Hoang Thang
Published: May 2022

Enhanced electromagnetic fields within plasmonic nanocavity mode volumes enable multiple significant effects that lead to applications in both the linear and nonlinear optical regimes. In this work, enhanced second‐harmonic generation (SHG) is demonstrated from individual plasmonic nanopatch antennas (NPAs) which are formed by separating silver nanocubes from a smooth gold film using a sub‐10 nm zinc oxide spacer layer. When the NPAs are excited at their fundamental plasmon frequency, a 104‐fold increase in the intensity of the SHG wave is observed. Moreover, by integrating quantum emitters that have an absorption energy at the fundamental frequency, a second‐order nonlinear exciton–polariton strong coupling response is observed with a Rabi splitting energy of 19 meV. The nonlinear frequency conversion using NPAs thus provides an excellent platform for nonlinear control of the light−matter interactions in both weak and strong coupling regimes which will have a great potential for applications in optical engineering and information processing.
Fluorinated Dielectrics‐Modulated Organic Phototransistors and Flexible Image Sensors
Authors: Li Huchao , Jiang Ting , Zheng Yingshuang , Zou Ye , Qi Shengli , Tian Guofeng , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping
Published: May 2022

It is generally believed that the incorporation of fluorine functional groups into dielectrics can effectively impede the charge‐trapping process and improve carrier mobility. However, the relationship between the device performance and fluorinated groups is still not clear and also the modulation effect of fluorine functional groups on photogenerated charge carrier in phototransistors has not yet been investigated. Herein, phototransistors are constructed by using three kinds of gate dielectric layers with different fluorinated groups to exploit the effect of fluorine functional groups. It is concluded that the presence of fluorinated groups indeed increases the transistor mobility and optical figures of merit in phototransistors compared to the device with a fluorine‐free dielectric layer. Concurrently, the exciton binding energy is increased with the addition of fluorinated groups, resulting in the decrease of phototransistor performance compared with less content of fluorinated groups due to the synergistic balance effect of fluorine functional groups. The results further clarify how the fluorine functional groups optimize the interface of organic phototransistors and modulate the photoelectric performance.
Electrochromic Performance Fading and Restoration in Amorphous TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Zhang Renfu , Shao Peipei , Zhang Yiwen , Wen Rui‐Tao
Published: May 2022

Electrochromic performance fading is inevitable upon extended cycling, and the limited lifetime greatly prevents large‐scale commercialization of electrochromism‐based devices. Here the origin of the performance degradation is uncovered and the performance restoration in TiO2 thin films is explored. It is shown that, depending on the applied potential windows, the inserted ions are immobilized in α‐traps resulting in a monotonous degradation of colored state, or immobilized in b‐ and modified α‐traps leading to mutual degradation of colored and bleached state of the films. It is found by releasing the resided ions in various traps, the initial performance can be restored accordingly. Moreover, reversible sites and all traps are demonstrated to be interconvertible through an ion trapping and detrapping process. These results provide a general scope in understanding the electrochromism in oxide thin films and offer the scheme for potential traps control or even elimination, aiming at superior electrochromic devices.
Scalable, Nanometer‐Accurate Fabrication of All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces with Narrow Resonances Tunable from Near Infrared to Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Prone Giulia , Drechsler Ute , Mayr Christoph , Semenova Olga , Thanner Christine , Olziersky Antonis , Eibelhuber Martin , Mayor Marcel , Lörtscher Emanuel
Published: May 2022

Dielectric metasurfaces are a class of flat‐optical elements that provide new ways to manipulate light. Irrespective of the underlying operation principle, the realization of such nanometer‐sized structures requires a high fabrication accuracy, e.g., to match resonant conditions. While electron‐beam lithography (EBL) achieves feature sizes below 10 nm, transparent substrates, as used for transmission devices, are challenging due to proximity effects. Furthermore, EBL's sequential exposure limits the exposable area, making it unaffordable for applications. Here, a novel fabrication route is described based on a master template created by EBL, which is then replicated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). A three‐layer process enables high‐resolution nanoimprint resists with low etching selectivity with respect to semiconductors yet to be used. The resulting structures are highly reproducible and defect‐free thanks to the selective removal of residual layers and a master not suffering from proximity effects. Exemplarily, elliptical Mie resonators are fabricated with tunable resonances from the near infrared (NIR) to the visible wavelength regime. They reveal a high uniformity and sensitivity toward dielectric changes. The generic fabrication approach enables upscaling of nanoscale metasurfaces to wafer scales by step‐and‐repeat techniques and deployment of the optical devices fabricated in real‐world applications due to massively reduced costs.
Detection and Demultiplexing of Cylindrical Vector Beams Enabled by Rotational Doppler Effect
Authors: Zhang Xiaoru , Jia Junliang , Zhai Kaiyi , Chang Zehong , Guo Zhenyu , Zhang Pei
Published: May 2022

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) detection is of vital significance in various kinds of studies such as particle observation and mode‐division multiplexing (MDM). Herein, a comprehensive detection of CVBs based on the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) including analysis of topological charge (TC), relative amplitude module, and phase for superimposed mode bases is realized. A mode demultiplexing scheme is constructed through the complex amplitude of the harmonic terms in the beating signal. The method resolves both absolute values and signs of the TC of CVB simultaneously, which cannot be simply realized by existing polarization examination techniques. It may be of big potential in related research since an efficient, quantitative, and complete scheme to detect CVBs is verified starting from this work.
A 3D Bioprinted in vitro Model of Neuroblastoma Recapitulates Dynamic Tumor‐Endothelial Cell Interactions Contributing to Solid Tumor Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Ning Liqun , Shim Jenny , Tomov Martin L. , Liu Rui , Mehta Riya , Mingee Andrew , Hwang Boeun , Jin Linqi , Mantalaris Athanasios , Xu Chunhui , Mahmoudi Morteza , Goldsmith Kelly C. , Serpooshan Vahid
Published: May 2022

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor in children resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. A deeper understanding of the NB tumor microenvironment (TME) remains an area of active research but there is a lack of reliable and biomimetic experimental models. This study utilizes a 3D bioprinting approach, in combination with NB spheroids, to create an in vitro vascular model of NB for exploring the tumor function within an endothelialized microenvironment. A gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) bioink is used to create multi‐channel cubic tumor analogues with high printing fidelity and mechanical tunability. Human‐derived NB spheroids and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are incorporated into the biomanufactured gelMA and cocultured under static versus dynamic conditions, demonstrating high levels of survival and growth. Quantification of NB‐EC integration and tumor cell migration suggested an increased aggressive behavior of NB when cultured in bioprinted endothelialized models, when cocultured with HUVECs, and also as a result of dynamic culture. This model also allowed for the assessment of metabolic, cytokine, and gene expression profiles of NB spheroids under varying TME conditions. These results establish a high throughput research enabling platform to study the TME‐mediated cellular‐molecular mechanisms of tumor growth, aggression, and response to therapy.
Band Modulation and Strain Fluctuation for Realizing High Average zT in GeTe
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Yao Honghao , Yin Li , Xue Wenhua , Zhang Zongwei , Duan Sichen , Chen Lingjin , Chen Chen , Sui Jiehe , Liu Xingjun , Wang Yumei , Mao Jun , Zhang Qian , Lin Xi
Published: May 2022

Recently, GeTe has emerged as a very promising thermoelectric material. However, the pristine GeTe exhibits intrinsically low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, resolving these issues is critical for further promoting its thermoelectric performance. Herein, PbTe and AgSbTe2 are chosen to form a solid solution with GeTe. Benefitting from the converged electronic bands and reduced thermal conductivity after AgSbTe2 alloying, the thermoelectric performance of GeTe‐based materials is effectively improved. In addition, PbTe alloying can optimize the carrier concentration and further improve the effective mass, and thus a remarkable enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is realized. Moreover, intense phonon scattering occurs due to the introduced point defects at the Ge site, and the lattice thermal conductivity is effectively reduced to be as low as ≈0.47 W m−1 K−1. As a result, a high zT of ≈0.7 at 323 K and ≈2.4 at 723 K can be achieved in (Pb0.15Ge0.85Te)0.8(AgSbTe2)0.2, leading to a record‐high average zT of ≈1.8 and a high conversion efficiency of ≈14.8% under the temperature difference of 500 K.
Highly efficient two‐stage ring‐opening of epichlorohydrin with carboxylic acid in a microreaction system
Authors: Yan Zifei , Wang Yubin , Du Chencan , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: May 2022

Ring‐opening of epoxides with carboxylic acids has been widely used to prepare many high value intermediates in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries. Most of conventional processes proceeded in batch stirred reactors. As such they always suffer from low productivity and selectivity. Here we developed an advanced technology to perform the ring‐opening reaction of epichlorohydrin with neodecanoic acid (NDA) for continuous production of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl neodecanoate in a more efficient and safer way. A microreaction system where a microreactor connected to a stirred reactor was established. When the conversion of NDA rapidly reaching around 90% in a microreactor at 110°C, the reaction solution was transferred to a stirred reactor at 90°C. This two‐stage operating mode can reduce the reaction time and improve the selectivity through free switching of temperature in the consecutive two reactors, thus substantially reducing the consumption of energy and materials.
Active Matrix Flexible Sensory Systems: Materials, Design, Fabrication, and Integration
Authors: Bao Bin , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Schmidt Oliver G. , Song Yanlin , Karnaushenko Daniil
Published: May 2022

A variety of modern applications including soft robotics, prosthetics, and health monitoring devices that cover electronic skins (e‐skins), wearables as well as implants have been developed within the last two decades to bridge the gap between artificial and biological systems. During this development, high‐density integration of various sensing modalities into flexible electronic devices becomes vitally important to improve the perception and interaction of the human bodies and robotic appliances with external environment. As a key component in flexible electronics, the flexible thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have seen significant advances, allowing for building flexible active matrices. The flexible active matrices have been integrated with distributed arrays of sensing elements, enabling the detection of signals over a large area. The integration of sensors within pixels of flexible active matrices has brought the application scenarios to a higher level of sophistication with many advanced functionalities. Herein, recent progress in the active matrix flexible sensory systems is reviewed. The materials used to construct the semiconductor channels, the dielectric layers, and the flexible substrates for the active matrices are summarized. The pixel designs and fabrication strategies for the active matrix flexible sensory systems are briefly discussed. The applications of the flexible sensory systems are exemplified by reviewing pressure sensors, temperature sensors, photodetectors, magnetic sensors, and biosignal sensors. At the end, the recent development is summarized and the vision on the further advances of flexible active matrix sensory systems is provided.
Eye‐tracking as a window into primate social cognition
Authors: Lewis Laura S. , Krupenye Christopher
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, noninvasive, restraint‐free eye‐tracking research with primates has transformed our understanding of primate social cognition. The use of this technology with many primate species allows for the exploration and comparison of how these species attend to and understand social agents and interactions. The ability to compare and contrast the cognitive capacities of various primate species, including humans, provides insight into the evolutionary mechanisms and selective pressures that have likely shaped social cognition in similar and divergent ways across the primate order. In this review, we begin by discussing noninvasive behavioral methods used to measure primate gaze and attention before the introduction of noninvasive, restraint‐free eye‐tracking methodologies. Next, we focus on findings from recent eye‐tracking research on primate social cognition, beginning with simple visual and search mechanisms. We then discuss the results that have built on this basic understanding of how primates view images and videos, exploring discrimination and knowledge of social agents, following social cues, tracking perspectives and predicting behavior, and the combination of eye‐tracking and other behavioral and physiological methods. Finally, we discuss some future directions of noninvasive eye‐tracking research on primate social cognition and current eye‐tracking work‐in‐progress that builds on these previous studies, investigating underexplored socio‐cognitive capacities and utilizing new methodologies.