bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for hybrid hydraulic excavator
Authors: Chen Qihuai , Lin Tianliang , Ren Haoling
Published: November 2018

A hybrid power train system (HPTS) is considered as a promising technology to improve the efficiency of excavators. In the hybrid hydraulic excavator, due to the drastic changes in the load, ultra‐capacitors are employed to realise fast charge and discharge. Accordingly, a wide change of the DC voltage will happen. When the DC voltage is small, the maximum torque that the electric machine can output will be limited. The electric machine cannot fully compensate for the engine torque. Therefore, a novel direct torque control (DTC) is proposed for a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) in HPTS to reduce the influence of DC voltage on the maximum output torque of the PMSM. In this study, the mutual influence between the torque of the PMSM and DC voltage is analysed. The traditional DTC is briefly introduced. A novel DTC for the PMSM is presented. To validate the performance of the novel DTC, simulations and experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that the proposed DTC can reduce the effect of DC voltage variation on the maximum output torque of the PMSM. Moreover, working points of the engine in HPTS can be better stabilised.
Rotor optimisation design and performance comparison of BDFG for wind power generation
Authors: Zhang Fengge , Wang Hao , Yu Siyang , Ma Dandan
Published: November 2018

Doubly fed induction generators and permanent magnet synchronous generators are widely used in wind power generation system in recent years. However, they still have technological and economic penalties, which limit their applications in wind power generation. This study presents a novel brushless doubly fed generator (BDFG) with the hybrid rotor, which has several outstanding advantages, so as to penetrate into large‐scale offshore wind power generation. In this study, the magnetic field modulation of the hybrid rotor is studied in detail. Owing to the decisive role of ‘special rotor’ on the performance of BDFG, the effect of main rotor structure parameters on coupling capacity is analysed based on Taguchi method, and the effect of assisted cage bars on the coupling capacity is also researched. The simulation models are simulated and analysed to compare the different exciting winding conditions. A 25.8 kW, 8/4 pole prototype BDFG with the hybrid rotor is manufactured to examine the performance of the proposed BDFG. Finally, the simulation and experiment results verify that the optimised rotor has stronger coupling capacity and the few‐pole (i.e. 4‐pole) winding should be used as control winding.
Excitation–vibration harmonic response research of transformer in DC biasing operation
Authors: Pan Chao , Yi Shuangyuan , Su Hao , Shi Wenxin
Published: November 2018

Aiming at the problem of transformer vibration in DC biasing operation, the relationship between excitation characteristics and vibration is studied. The electromagnetic coupling state equation of transformer in DC biasing operation is established. Then, the dynamic inductance and time‐domain current are calculated based on the energy disturbance principle. On this basis, the identification method of exciting current is studied to present the excitation saturation state. The excitation–vibration harmonic response model is constructed to analyse the relationship between the variation law of exciting current and vibration characteristics of the core under different DC levels. The correctness of this method is verified by the comparison between simulation and experimentation.
Transient dynamic analyses of presaturated core fault current limiters through flux and inductance versus current modelling
Authors: Eladawy Mohamed , Tarhuni Naser J. , Metwally Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2018

Here, the outcomes of experimental measurements and finite‐element simulations are used to develop MATLAB/Simulink models for evaluating the transient dynamic behaviour of the well‐known dual‐core presaturated core fault current limiter (PCFCL), either for single‐ or three‐phase configurations. These models are based on calculating the total flux linkage–current characteristics of the AC coils at different levels of DC biasing current, taking into consideration the induced voltage across the DC coil terminals due to significant flux variation during the fault condition. On the other hand, the time‐varying self‐inductance and the self‐inductance–current characteristics of the PCFCL are directly developed through Simulink modelling. It is worth mentioning that the self‐inductance–current characteristic enables an important and quick design optimisation tool for PCFCL, where the dynamic inductance term significantly contributes to the total voltage drop across PCFCL in comparison to the static inductance. These total flux linkage and inductance versus current models can be directly used for modelling the dynamic transient behaviour of PCFCL when attached to any electrical transient programme used for analysing complex electrical power systems, with remarkable accuracy, quicker, and easier for various network scenarios and fault conditions.
Multi‐channel VSI fed large variable speed asynchronous hydro‐condenser: fault analysis, fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control
Authors: Joseph Anto , Chelliah Thanga Raj , Lee Kyo‐Beum
Published: November 2018

Multi‐level voltage source inverter (VSI) fed doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) has gained prominence in large rated hydro‐generating unit (HU) since it provides part load operation with reduced power converter rating and high dynamic stability. Power converters connected in rotor side control real and reactive power of the unit. This study discusses the condenser operation of variable speed HU (250 MW), to be commissioned in Tehri plant (India), with the power flow diagram. Further, it provides dynamic behaviour and survivability status of the DFIM unit during power converter and control circuit faults where power converter redundancy is not available in large rated DFIM unit. Economic analysis of 250 MW HU under power converter and control circuit failures are also investigated. The present work also explores fault tolerant operation of a 250 MW DFIM unit at open switch fault in converters to increase the continuity of the unit operation which provides additional 2% of reactive power support to the grid compared to the DFIM without power converter redundancy operation. Open switch fault is detected through Park's vector phase currents technique and variation in DC link voltage. The computer simulation results are validated in an experiment carried on 2.2 kW DFIM in the laboratory.
Effect of temperature on the dielectric properties of hydrofluoroethers and fluorinated ketone
Authors: Wu Sijun , Chippendale Richard D. , Lewin Paul L. , Hemrle Jaroslav , Kaufmann Lilian
Published: November 2018

The AC and DC dielectric properties of hydrofluoroethers (HFE) [C3F7OCH3] and fluorinated ketone (FK) [C2F5C(O)CF(CF3)2] have been characterised by dielectric spectroscopy and DC conductivity at different temperatures. Results show that DC conductivity and imaginary permittivity of both fluids are positively correlated with increasing temperature. However, the real permittivity decreases with increasing temperature. The breakdown voltages of HFE and FK at 295 K are ∼10 kV mm−1. Reducing temperature is an effective method to increase the breakdown voltage of the FK coolant, but the breakdown voltage of HFE is less temperature dependent. Finally, as expected repeated breakdown had no significant effect on the AC dielectric strength of both liquids.
UAS as flexible and innovative test platform for aircraft configuration and systems testing
Authors: Bergmann Dominique Paul , Denzel Jan , Strohmayer Andreas
Published: November 2018

Today new technologies are available, which can be decisive for the success of future aircraft design. However, the gap between conventional designs and new visions often comes with a high financial risk. This complicates the integration of innovations significantly. The “Flightpath 2050 Europe’s Vision for Aviation” asks for new aircraft concepts and configurations to meet future requirements such as emission (CO2, NOx), noise and fuel consumption reduction. Scaled UAS are one way for getting new configurations and technologies into flight test while reducing the risk of exploding costs. UAS are cost-efficient test platform systems for two main tasks of future aircraft tests: Testing new configurations and advancing new aircraft systems and technologies from upstream research to TRL5-6. UAS can represent a connection between innovative research and flight demonstration. This paper focuses on the UAS as an innovative test platform and a tool for feasibility demonstration as well as its impact on new technologies and the implementation of innovative concepts. An example of a UAS test platform is given in the paper based on a 33,3% scale model of the e-Genius. It is developed as flying wind tunnel in order to better understand the effects of configuration changes on flight performance.
Advanced OoA and Automated Technologies for the Manufacturing of a Composite Outer Wing Box
Authors: Romano Fulvio , Barile Marco , Cacciapuoti Gianpaolo , Godard Jean-Luc , Vollaro Paolo , Barabinot Philippe
Published: November 2018

This work resumes the results achieved until today in the European project AirGreen 2 of Clean Sky 2 programme, deriving from the application of two different dry preforming processes for the manufacturing of a composite outer wing box of the next generation turboprop aircrafts. Liquid Resin Infusion and Out of Autoclave techniques, by Hand-Layup and Automated Fiber Placement, are considered. The optimisation and validation of the manufacturing processes have been done according to key performance indexes: weight and cost reduction, lower energy consumption, high productivity and minimal reworking time, less intensive labour, minimal scrap and less waste of materials. The work has been performed through manufacturing tests and optimisation of the process parameters, implementation of several bagging techniques, numerical simulations of the infusion process and material characterization tests in operative conditions, from coupons level up to details and elements level (flat stiffened panels). Pro and cons, suggestions and technical considerations useful for the next step of the project (final manufacturing of large parts and components) are assessed.
Design challenge of a new monolithic concept for the main landing gear bay of a large passenger aircraft
Authors: Cerreta Pietro , Iaccarino Paola , Viscardi Massimo , Arena Maurizio
Published: November 2018

In this paper, ITEMB team in the contest of the Clean Sky 2 framework, with the scope of a new architecture for the Main Landing Gear of a single isle aircraft type, presents its development in designing the two major item of the Main Landing Gear Bay that are the “roof” and the “rear pressure bulkhead” using pre-preg CFRP material. Typically, a lot of parts (metallic and also composite made) are involved in the two items manufacturing: the research effort has targeted the design of one piece structures consisting in a monolithic “roof” and “monolithic “rear pressure bulkhead”. The assembly of these ones takes advantages from a hole-tohole assembly supported by statistical analysis. The main expected advantages are the reduction of: both non-recurring and recurring cost, the overall flow time and weight saving. The ITEMB (InTEgrated Main landing gear Box) team has worked adapting a bag-to-bag technology to the geometrical and strength capability requirements of the component and outcome of the research (not yet concluded at time of issuing this paper) includes: A design principle supported by stress analysis for strength, stability and local main load introduction; A manufacturing trials campaign to reach the possess of a robust process; A limited coupons test campaign to demonstrate that no specific critical items exists in the design approach. Finally, participants have acquired a new design and manufacturing technique, applicable also to other Aircraft components upgrading their capabilities and European strength in composite structures manufacturing.
PANDORA - A python based framework for modelling and structural sizing of transport aircraft
Authors: Petsch Michael , Kohlgrüber Dieter , Heubischl Jörg
Published: November 2018

Over the last years a multidisciplinary aircraft predesign process chain was established at the DLR, including different numerical tools for the modelling and structural sizing of fuselage structures. To improve the flexibility and performance of this structural analysis part in the MDO process a new tool development has been started in 2016 called “Parametric Numerical Design and Optimization Routines for Aircraft” (PANDORA). The PANDORA framework is using the interpreted high-level programming language Python and is focused on using dedicated open-source packages. Within PANDORA a lot of new packages have been implemented, like a new interface to access CPACS data, a python based FE pre- and postprocessor, a FE data converter to build an interface between PANDORA and different FE solver and a visualization interface using “The Visualization Toolkit” (VTK). Some further packages to generate a FE model based on a CPACS file using the geometry core “Open Cascade” (OCC) and a new FE sizing algorithm is also under development. To simplify the usage of PANDORA and to keep it comprehensible - a graphical user interface (GUI) has been added using the PYQT toolkit. In this paper the current state of the PANDORA development is presented and initial applications are shown.
A Simplified Monitor Model for EMA Prognostics
Authors: Berri Pier Carlo , Dalla Vedova Matteo D.L. , Maggiore Paolo
Published: November 2018

The complexity of aircraft systems is steadily growing, allowing the machine to perform an increasing number of functions; this can result in a multitude of possible failure modes, sometimes difficult to foresee and detect. A prognostic tool to identify the early signs of faults and perform an estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) can allow adaptively scheduling maintenance interventions, reducing the operating costs and increasing safety [1-4]. A first step for the RUL estimation is an accurate Fault Detection & Identification (FDI) to infer the system health status, necessary to determine when the components will no more be able to match their requirements [5]. With a model-based approach, the FDI is a model-matching problem, intended to adjust a parametric Monitor Model (MM) to reproduce the response of the system. The MM shall feature a low computational cost to be executed iteratively on-board; at the same time, it shall be detailed enough to account for a several failure modes [6]. We propose the simplification of an Electromechanical Actuator (EMA) dynamical model [7] for model-based FDI, focusing on the BLDC motor and Power Electronics, which account for most the computational cost of the original high fidelity model.
Multifunctional and lightweight load-bearing composite structures for satellites
Authors: Schubert Martin , Perfetto Sara , Dafnis Anthanasios , Atzrodt Heiko , Mayer Dirk
Published: November 2018

Within the framework of the German national project multiSat multifunctional composite structures for satellite applications are developed. The objective is the integration of passive and active functions into the load-bearing spacecraft structure by using suitable materials, components and mechanisms. The passive functions include heat transfer, radiation shielding and protection against space debris impacts, whereas the active functions comprise electric energy and data transfer and vibration reduction. Due to their multi-layer build-up composite materials are suitable for functional integration since each layer can be defined and designed to provide one or more specific functions. The concept of a multifunctional structure allows for the reduction of the overall satellite mass and of installation space required for subsystems. It also opens up new opportunities for highly integrative and standardized production processes and lower total costs and time for manufacturing, qualification and launch. This paper describes the development and design of a concept for a multifunctional sandwich panel and the results of the analyses, numerical simulations and experiments conducted at coupon level.
Nanocomposites conductivity point measurement using Tunneling AFM (TUNA)
Authors: Raimondo Marialuigia , Guadagno Liberata , Vertuccio Luigi , Naddeo Carlo , Barra Giuseppina , Spinelli Giovanni , Lamberti Patrizia , Tucci Vincenzo , Lafdi Khalid
Published: November 2018

Polymer-matrix composites containing conductive nanoparticles are a potential means for achieving an appealing combination of multifunctional properties for their use as structural parts in the aerospace field. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been being looked forward to as the next generation of new and avant-garde aircraft structures because they are exceptionally coveted competitor materials to replace traditional metal components for lightning strike protection. In this regard, nanocomposites at low concentration of CNFs ranging from 0.05% up to 2% by wt to impart electron conduction in tetrafunctional epoxy resin have been prepared and characterized. The aim of this work concerns the use of Tunneling AFM (TUNA) as revolutionary tool able to correlate the electrical current map with the correspondent local morphology of CNF/resins. TUNA technique has proven to play a leading role in the identification of current paths and electrical interconnections, even without altering the morphology with usual treatments employed to create electrical contacts to the ground. Summing up, the good electrical performance together with the high mechanical properties due to a conductive cross-linked network of CNFs inside the resin demonstrate a charming applicative potential for the formulated nanocomposites as structural materials capable to provide a safe conductive path on the exterior skin, preventing serious damage to the aircraft.
A parametric prediction of the Young’s modulus of polymers enhanced with ΜWCNTs
Authors: Polydoropoulou P.V. , Tserpes K.I. , Pantelakis Sp.G. , Katsiropoulos Ch.V.
Published: November 2018

In this work a multi-scale model simulating the effect of the dispersion, the waviness as well as the agglomerations of MWCNTs on the Young’s modulus of a polymer enhanced with 0.4% MWCNTs (v/v) has been developed. Representative Unit Cells (RUCs) have been employed for the determination of the homogenized elastic properties of the MWCNT/polymer. The elastic properties computed by the RUCs were assigned to the Finite Element (FE) model of a tension specimen which was used to predict the Young’s modulus of the enhanced material. Furthermore, a comparison with experimental results obtained by tensile testing according to ASTM 638 has been made. The results show a remarkable decrease of the Young’s modulus for the polymer enhanced with aligned MWCNTs due to the increase of the CNT agglomerations. On the other hand, slight differences on the Young’s modulus have been observed for the material enhanced with randomly-oriented MWCNTs by the increase of the MWCNTs agglomerations, which might be attributed to the low concentration of the MWCNTs into the polymer. Moreover, the increase of the MWCNTs waviness led to a significant decrease of the Young’s modulus of the polymer enhanced with aligned MWCNTs. The experimental results in terms of the Young’s modulus are predicted well by assuming a random dispersion of MWCNTs into the polymer.
Small wind, big potential: HAWT design case study
Authors: Grapow Filip , Raszewska Dominika , Skalski Rafał , Czarnecki Jeremiasz , Telega Katarzyna , Miller Marcin , Rogowski Paweł , Prociów Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

In this paper the project of a small wind turbine for urban application has been described. The project of a horizontal small wind turbine presented in this paper was made for the purposes of taking part in ISWTC, but the main target was to develop a turbine for urbanized regions starting in conditions of low wind speed. In this paper a description of aerodynamic and mechanical design are presented; also, control and safety systems are discussed. This turbine has the potential to become a cheap energy generator for household use and can be a competitor of vertical small wind turbines.
Checking the correct operation of main measuring instruments on the flight model and prototype of AIST small spacecraft
Authors: Sedelnikov Andry , Khnyryova Ekaterina , Ivashova Tatiana
Published: November 2018

Flight model and prototype of AIST small spacecraft were launched in 2013 and 2014 respectively. They were used for carrying out various scientific researches, as well as testing the operation of AIST series small spacecrafts. They were operated in an uncontrolled flight and did not have a fullyfeatured orbital motion control system. However, it has been possible to reduce the angular velocity by magnetorquers. To obtain the control laws, the angular velocity of small spacecraft was estimated by means of magnetometer sensors. On the flight model of AIST small spacecraft, the angular velocity reduction mode was used twice. In the first case, the angular velocity was reduced, in the second case, it did not change significantly. On the prototype of AIST small spacecraft, the angular velocity reduction mode was used three times. In all three cases, a significant increase in the angular velocity of small spacecraft rotation was observed. The paper describes a test for checking the magnetometer sensors correct operation. Based on this test, conclusions about the measuring equipment correct operation are made. Ineffective control of the angular velocity of small spacecraft rotation is most likely due to failure to take account of impact of scientific and supporting equipment on the measuring instruments.
Dynamics simulation of mechanical gearbox vibration
Authors: Furch Jan , Tran Cao Vu
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on creating a virtual model of mechanical gearbox used in medium-sized terrain vehicle using MSC.Adams software. This software is regarded as the most common and effective tool to simulate the gearbox as multibody system and to record and analyse the vibration signal from the gearbox. The paper makes an overview of modelling and simulation and performs an analysis with frequency spectrum. The paper demonstrates that it is possible to simulate vibration signals through the model of the gearbox created in 3D CAD software and then analyse in multi-body dynamics software MSC.Adams. Successful application of the virtual model not only help us decrease the cost of design work, but also help us identify the patterns of the vibration signal and the relations between the signal and the technical condition of the gearbox. The goal is to create a virtual model of a mechanical gearbox. In MSC.Adams, the vibration values of the rotating components can be detected in different gears. These values are then analysed and evaluated. The result is a simulation of fault states and identification of vibration frequencies for practical applications.
Methodology of testing and optimal setting of an asynchronous traction drive for electric vehicles
Authors: Dimitrov Vasil
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a methodology of tests of traction asynchronous drives applied in electric vehicles. It is similar to Urban Driving Cycle ECE-15 (UDC). The objective of the research is to verify the developed methodology through tests performed on a laboratory simulator, which consists of energy-saving asynchronous motor controlled by a frequency inverter (converter). Vector Control on the drive is used for smooth speed regulation over a wide range at high values of efficiency and power factor. Contemporary measuring and control devices and special software products are used for capturing the dynamic characteristics when starting, stopping and changing the speed set point of the drive. Some of tests are presented and an experimental verification of the developed methodology is made. An optimal setting of the drive parameters can be made to minimize the electric energy consumption.
A study of hydrogen fuel impact on compression ignition engine performance
Authors: Dimitrov Evgeni , Gigov Boyko , Pantchev Spas , Michaylov Philip , Peychev Mihail
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a dual-fuel compression ignition engine test bench is presented. In hydrogen-diesel fuel co-combustion conditions, the engine parameters are determined – performance: effective torque, effective power and mean effective pressure; fuel economy: fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption; toxicity: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and smoke emissions (opacity). The impact of hydrogen-diesel fuel mass ratio on the performance, toxicity and economy of the engine is studied by obtaining a series of hydrogen-diesel fuel ratio variation characteristics at constant engine speed and load. Improvement of the economical parameters of the engine and reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust gases is detected under operation with hydrogen gas fuel. Significant reduction of the exhaust gases opacity is observed. It is not clear what the impact of the quantity of hydrogen, injected in the engine, on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases is.
The impact of selected biofuels on the performance parameters of the Common Rail power system in the utility engine
Authors: Krzaczek Paweł , Rybak Arkadiusz , Bochniak Andrzej
Published: November 2018

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of biofuels from waste materials of plant and animal origin on the parameters of the common rail power supply system in the utility engine. The tests included identification of power system operation parameters in the whole load range of the tested engine, taking into account the limit and diagnostic parameters of the injectors operation. Then, for certain parameters, the engine injectors were tested on the test bench: injection pressure in the range of 25-135 MPa, injection time in the range of 200-1600 μs. In the tests, as reference fuel for testing injectors were used diesel fuel and three types of methyl esters of higher fatty acids: vegetable, animal and WCO origin. The measurements for individual fuels were made in the operating temperature range 30-60°C. The tests have shown significant changes in the volume of the fuel injection rates depending on the fuel used. Particularly, visible changes concerned the power system operation parameters for high engine speeds and the maximum working pressure of the common rail system in the engine.
Detailed speciation of emissions from a diesel engine fuelled with canola methyl ester
Authors: Koszalka Grzegorz , Hunicz Jacek
Published: November 2018

Although the effects of biodiesel combustion on emissions of regulated toxic components have been widely studied, the issue of specific hydrocarbon species production has not yet been comprehensively understood. This study compares detailed exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine fuelled with canola methyl ester and mineral diesel, as a reference fuel. Additionally, blends of these two fuels were examined. The experiments were performed on a 4-cylinder diesel engine, where fuel was injected in a single dose. The experimental matrix included two engine load sweeps at rotational speeds corresponding to maximum torque and maximum power. Detailed exhaust composition was measured with the use of a Fourier transform infra-red analytical system. To enable unbiased evaluation of the effect of different fuels on hydrocarbons emissions fuel carbon conversion into species carbon was considered. The results showed that there is not a monotonic effect of the content of biodiesel fuel on particular hydrocarbon species. In the case of some hydrocarbon species, the lowest emissions were recorded for mixture of the two fuels.
A synthesis of a blade pitch control for large wind turbines, taking into account the functional dependence of the torque generated in the blades from the azimuth angle
Authors: Genov Julian
Published: November 2018

In multi-MW (1MW and up) wind generation systems a variable speed - variable pitch (VS-VP) control technology is usually adopted to improve speed and torque characteristics and to obtain the optimal energy, which means to obtain the maximum power at low wind speed and the rated power at high wind speed. The power generated by an individual blade of the wind turbine changes considerably during rotation due for the change of wind speed in vertical direction, which decreases the angles of attack in the low blade positions and which leads to a reducing the generated energy. In the paper basing on BEM theory modification for none-homogenously fluid field and an optimization procedure is obtained an individual variable pitch control law as function of wind speed values and blades positions.
Change in the maintenance strategy as a method of improving the efficiency of the process of operation of railway means of transport
Authors: Szkoda Maciej , Satora Magdalena
Published: November 2018

The paper presents a description of methods of changing the maintenance strategy concerning measures of intervals between maintenance levels based on the example of a selected railway vehicle type. The process starts with monitoring the vehicle after it is put into operation and the operational database is built, through the statistical and RAMS analyses, to the approval of changes in the maintenance system documentation by qualified railway safety bodies. Following the applicable formal and legal requirements, one of the key problems involved in the introduction of changes in the railway vehicle maintenance system is an assessment of the proposed changes for safety.
Approach for siting a support facility for transporting supplies in emergency cases in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Demir Emre
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the author determines the most suitable transportation location for intervention in a large scale disaster in the Republic of Bulgaria, by means of the Weber Problem and the Weiszfeld method. The objective is to minimise the cost of transporting emergency supplies across the country by locating a support facility, and thus reaching the area of event at the lowest possible cost. A brief description of the Weiszfeld method is provided in the paper. Further, using recent population data of both provinces and municipalities, the method is applied respectively to obtain the results. They were compared in terms of spatial correspondence and the final facility location was fixed. Erecting the supply site is recommended to help decrease the losses.
Investigation of the operation mode at Ruse-Danube Bridge border checkpoint considered to be a mass service system with incoming flow of automobiles at a non-stationary mode of operation
Authors: Grozev Dimitar , Pencheva Velizara , Georgiev Ivan , Beloev Ivan
Published: November 2018

The present work reviews the Ruse-Danube Bridge border checkpoint and the work carried out for a year, by examining the average daily incoming flows of cargo vehicles. On the basis of the information collected, the daily irregularity of the work at the Ruse-Danube Bridge border checkpoint has been assessed and the system has been modelled as a mass service system to assess capacities in existing infrastructure and organization of work. The type of incoming flow has been specified as a non-stationary Poisson flow. Under non-stationary conditions, the basic values of the system parameters have been calculated and a MatLab application has been created. A system of differential-algebraic equations has been selected for a model according to Kolmogorov model for stochastic processes.
Analysis of the Organisation of Railway Freight Undertaking: A Case Study of HŽ Cargo Ltd.
Authors: Abramović Borna , Šipuš Denis , Ribarić Martina
Published: November 2018

Organisation is a significant segment of every enterprise, and so is the case with companies providing railway freight transport services. The success of a company depends on the organisational structure that makes it much easier to conduct business owing to the clearly defined hierarchy and responsibilities that lead to the ultimate goal – freight transport. This paper defines and describes railway freight transport, as well as the impact of freight transport market liberalisation on the sole organisation of a company. Moreover, various organisational schemes are analysed along with their potential benefits for the railway transport. The organisation of HŽ Cargo Ltd. is shown together with an outline of business activities of certain organisational units of the company.
Possibilities of Using Tracking Methods for Trains in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hanzl Jiří , Bartuška Ladislav , Šedivý Josef , Kůs Tomáš , Kůs Martin , Novotný Jiří
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to familiarize readers with several telematic systems that may be observed on the Czech railway network. In order to function correctly, they use special technical devices for detecting positions of trains and their tracking. In the introductory part, a brief overview of individual ways of train detecting and tracking in the Czech Republic is given, which is then followed by a detailed description of the related telematic systems, including the principles of their functioning and graphic presentation of their practical use. The paper also contains demonstrative photo documentation and schematic illustrations of principles of functioning of the discussed systems.
Wider aspects of deceleration supervision in ERTMS/ETCS
Authors: Nachtigall Petr , Ouředníček Jan
Published: November 2018

The paper concerns basic information about implementation of the ETCS system in the Czech Republic especially its influence on the railway operation. Also facts about the principles of the automatic train protection system with the full speed supervision are described as well as the specifics of the speed monitoring experiences. In the next chapter are some principles of the braking curves calculation.
Double tread wheel profile – proposal and justification of specific way how to pass along small radius track
Authors: Hauser Vladimír , Kravchenko Kateryna , Nozhenko Olena , Loulová Mária
Published: November 2018

In urban railway environments, in many respects, the problem of tramcars passing small radius arches appears to be topical. In this regard, the authors proposed that the wheelsets should be complemented on the outer side of the wheels with a second tread of a lower radius, intended exclusively for ride in arches of the track with a radius which the conventional wheelsets cannot even theoretically pass without creep. The complemented wheel tread enters into operation (or out of action) as a result of passing over a specially shaped rail located in the intersections before and behind the small radius arc. In this process, there is a change in the wheel-rail contact location - similar to what is commonly used when riding on a facing rail located in the immediate vicinity of the point frog. The paper deals with the comparison of these two cases based on a simulation analysis of vehicle ride in the calculation program.
Information Technologies for Risk Management of Transportation – Logistics Branch of the “Russian Railways”
Authors: Bubnova Galina V. , Efimova Olga V. , Karapetyants Irina V. , Kurenkov Petr V.
Published: November 2018

The increased competition between modes of transport, the growing uncertainty of the business environment, the diversity of goals of the business units of the holding “Russian Railways” and the participants of the transport market inevitably increase the level of risks that can threaten the efficient development of the company. The development of information technologies is the base of risk management and higher competitiveness. The growth in uncertainty and speed of changes in the business environment leads to the necessity of implementation of digital technologies for risk management, influencing the added value of transportation-logistic services.
Investigation Of Methanol Utilization In Ci Engines
Authors: Bereczky Ákos , Lukács Kristóf , Khan Zoraze
Published: November 2018

The decrease in the fossil fuel resources and more rigid emission standards make the necessity to look for new fuels and technologies. One of the possible fuels can be the different alcohols. The oxygen content of the alcohols can improve the combustion process and reduce the emission rates of incomplete combustion products. The blending methanol (M) and ethanol (E) with diesel fuel is limited by separation. This article shows the research results and analysis of two typical solutions. First are blends of stabilized rape seed methyl ester (RME) to prevent the phase separation. The tests are carried out on a conventional TDI engine (VW 1Z) at different speeds and loads. Experimental results indicate that the addition of 10% methanol to 80% Diesel and 30% of FAME blend increased the unburned hydrocarbon (THC) with 60%, decreased CO emission with near 4% and the particulate emission (PM) with near 30%, the NOx emissions were near the same. The other technology is the dual fuel method. In this case, different amount of methanol is injected into the intake manifold. The tests are carried out with a conventional DI engine (IVECO AIFO 8031) at constant speeds and different loads and energy ratios. Experimental results indicate that the increase of energy ratio of the methanol at full load decreased NOx emission with up to 60% and the particulate emission (PM) up to 90%, while the CO and THC emissions increased extremely mainly at part loads.
Acceleration of Košice-Airport-Bound Shuttle Boarding
Authors: Fedorko Gabriel , Molnár Vieroslav , Lacková Lenka
Published: November 2018

The present paper deals with a more efficient way of transporting passengers to the Košice airport, which will result in an overall acceleration of traffic and a reduced transportation time. Based on the actual time of boarding at specific stops on the given route, a simulation was performed through the Extend Simulation Program. Through simulating further two suggested modifications in the placement of ticket validators in the vehicle and through using the same input data, the passenger boarding time has been reduced. The data in the models can be modified and altered according to various requirements and criteria. Based on the results of the simulation, it was possible to propose a more efficient solution to accelerating the public transport to the Košice airport.
Measuring and Testing Area Navigation Procedures with GNSS
Authors: Novák Andrej , Škultéty Filip , Kandera Branislav , Łusiak Tomasz
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the flight testing and measuring of the GNSS (RNAV) with flying laboratory – AeroLab 1 at the University of Žilina. The paper focusses on the comparative aerial measurements of the GNSS RNP APCH which is approved and published at the Žilina airport. The GNSS procedure was put into operation in May 2017 and is subjected to regular checks. Results of flight checking must be within the limits of the prescribed tolerances defined in the ICAO Annex 10. Our practical measurements were divided into two flights. The displayed outputs on the console were compared with the reference values and subsequently evaluated in the conclusion in this paper. Our practical comparative measurements show results that comply with ICAO standards and thus the tested RNP APCH is functional and can be used in mountains and river areas.
Aerospace performance factor and its potential advances
Authors: Kovacova Maria , Licu Antonio , Lintner Tom
Published: November 2018

The aviation safety community has traditionally measured safety performance through the lens of undesirable events – the historic recording, investigating and trending of the failures in the system. While this approach gives great insight into what has happened and why, it is of questionable value in determining what, where and when the next incident will occur. With the advent of the Aerospace Performance Factor or APF, aviation is taking a giant step toward a decision management solution that answers these questions and paves the way toward a revolution in safety performance measurement. The APF methodology is designed to expand the view of what information contributes to the aviation safety picture. The APF paints a broad landscape of organizational effectiveness by fusing weighted data from sources not traditionally included in the safety discussion, and then presenting the information in a way that assists aviation leaders in making better risked‐based decisions. This paper will discuss the APF from its to the progress of the initial and ongoing APF operational implementation, to its potential as a risk‐forecasting tool for the aviation industry.
Photogrammetric methods of terrain and obstacle data collection and AMDB creation based on satellite and UAS imagery
Authors: Mitsevich Liudmila , Zhukovskaya Natalia
Published: November 2018

The paper discusses the photogrammetric methods and process of creating geodata for aeronautical information databases. Efficient technology for collecting data on terrain, obstacles and cartographic information using satellite and aerial photos is given. The measurement, selection and evaluation of spatial data have met the international requirements for the completeness and accuracy as well as the developed structure of the attribute data base. The advantages of digital photogrammetric system and geographic information systems as the main software for aeronautical data gathering, are considered.
The Regional Airports’ Problems in the Slovak Republic: The Case Study of Žilina Airport
Authors: Novák Sedláčková Alena , Švecová Denisa
Published: November 2018

This paper solves the regional airports in the Slovak Republic and the problems they have been facing while focusing on the specific, i.e. ˈsmall regionalˈ airports category (up to 200,000 passengers transported per year). Moreover, the issue of Slovak regional airportsˈ problems is connected mainly to their funding system, which has shown to be insufficient, and the extent of their utilization in relation to their untapped potential. It was proven that small regional airports with an annual throughput under 200,000 passengers are unable to break even and to cover their operational costs as well and thus must be subsidized. Funding of ˈsmallˈ regional airports can be considered as not only the Slovakian problem, actually it is a broad long-term EU problem and there were several approaches established by the EU related to adjustment of those issues. The current legislation is represented by new Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1084 thanks to which the state aid at the EU level has been greatly simplified. The paper focuses on the case study of chosen Slovakian small regional airport near Žilina, in Dolný Hričov, which the possibilities of several measures for its revitalization and efficiency improvement are depended on the operational-technical characteristics and position within the region.
Aviation market in Poland in 2000-2017
Authors: Caban Jacek , Ignaciuk Piotr , Stopka Ondrej , Zarajczyk Janusz
Published: November 2018

The changes that have taken place over the last 3 decades on the market of air services in Europe have had an impact on the markets of individual regions. The paper presents short introduction to the issues of transformation on the European aviation market. The main purpose of this article is to present the development of the aviation market in Poland over the period 2000-2017. The data presented in the article comes from the reports of the Civil Aviation Office in Poland and International Civil Aviation Organization. Aviation market in Poland is becoming more and more popular and its further development is expected in the coming years. There is a great potential for small regional airports that are increasingly operating on the transport services market.
The Functioning of the Regional Airport on the Example of Lublin Airport
Authors: Nieoczym Aleksander , Caban Jacek , Bartuška Ladislav
Published: November 2018

Transport accessibility of the region is one of the factors that intensify its development. The airport is a special example of transport point infrastructure, the presence of which in the region generates numerous benefits, both indirect and direct for users, among others reducing time and reducing travel costs. The article presents the characteristics of the airport in Lublin, and its communication system with the city, facilitating the flow of passengers and goods. Data on the operational activity of Lublin Airport were also presented.
Calculation of GHG Emissions in the Selected Air Traffic Company
Authors: Hlatka Martina , Stopkova Maria
Published: November 2018

The paper is dedicated to calculating and declaring energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in an automotive component manufacturing company. The calculation was carried out on the bases of EN 16258. By this Directive, it is set out a procedure for determining the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from transport services of all transport sectors.
Impact of Air Transport on the Indonesian Economy
Authors: Nasution Abdillah Arif , Azmi Zul , Siregar Ikhsan , Erlina Ikhsan
Published: November 2018

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between air transportation and economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are annual time series data from 1990 to 2017 obtained from World Bank. Data analysis method used is method of Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). The results show that there is a relationship between air transport tax and economic growth in Indonesia. Where is the tax of air transport (passenger and goods) and economic growth (GDP). Based on the granger variable or passenger variables test results and the GDP variable indicates that it remains granger-related with significant 1 percent action. Based on these findings it is hoped that further research is suggested to examine the effect of ticket prices or air fares in order to improve economic growth in Indonesia.
Pedestrian Zones as an Integral Part of Territorial Development
Authors: Telecký Martin , Čejka Jiří
Published: November 2018

The analysis of the pedestrian zones issue in this paper uses the publicly available information taken especially from the field of selected traffic in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany where, with respect to the public transport development, the latter is at the top as far as quality and the level of public transport are concerned (except for the Swiss Confederation). The paper reflects and describes exclusively comparable examples of traffic, such as the traffic in České Budějovice provided upon the bus concept. Providing of transport operation by means of other types of transport is not considered, although especially the tram transport is very common in the traffic in pedestrian zones.