bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actitudes lingüísticas hacia el inglés británico y americano en alumnos de la especialidad de Inglés de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Authors: Cárdenas Cornelio Yony , Esquivel Villafana Jorge
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es abordar el fenómeno de las actitudes lingüísticas en estudiantes de la especialidad de Inglés. Esto permitirá distinguir las actitudes de los discentes respecto del inglés americano y el inglés británico en contextos hispanohablantes. El estudio de las actitudes lingüísticas resulta relevante en la sociolingüística porque la riqueza de información sobre el funcionamiento del idioma está en su relación social con la comunidad” (Holmes, 2013, pp. 1-2). Así, este tipo de trabajo comprende tres áreas: las actitudes cognitivas, conductuales y afectivas (Zanna y Rempet, 1988), las que son consideradas en el presente estudio. Se utilizará como medio de investigación la encuesta del método de las máscaras y la observación. Las actitudes lingüísticas de los alumnos de la especialidad de Inglés de la UNMSM respecto al inglés americano y británico son positivas por el prestigio que ambas lenguas tienen y por las motivaciones actitudinales integradoras e instrumentales. Respecto a las variables sociolingüísticas en relación con las actitudes, solo se ha podido encontrar una relación de influencia significativa en la edad. En el análisis de la técnica de las máscaras, se evidenció un promedio mayor de aceptación en casi todos los atributos respecto del inglés británico.
La descortesía verbal hacia el colectivo venezolano en noticias de sucesos del diario Correo
Authors: Castro Yauri Mabel Alelí
Published: July 2022

Este artículo analiza el uso de las voces venezolano(s) y extranjero(s) en una muestra de noticias de sucesos tomadas del sitio web del diario peruano Correo. El objetivo de la presente investigación es demostrar que estos vocablos se emplean como recursos de descortesía verbal. Para ello, se determinó el contexto de su uso a nivel macrotextual (tópico, y tipos de sujetos del discurso) y microtextual (tipos de enunciados). De acuerdo con el análisis, se identifica que estas voces en algunos contextos adoptan una connotación negativa, puesto que a través de ellas se asocia al colectivo venezolano residente en Perú con la delincuencia, lo cual afecta su imagen de grupo. Asimismo, aunque estas voces no se asocian con otro tipo de conductas negativas en otros contextos, sí afectan el deseo de afiliación del grupo.
El uso de las TIC en la EIB como herramienta para la revitalización del quechua
Authors: Herrera Corahua Juan Bautista
Published: July 2022

Los medios activos e interactivos de las TIC (Tecnología de Información y Comunicación), como la red social WhatsApp y Facebook, ofrecen herramientas para revitalizar el quechua, por ello, favorecen y motivan su práctica. El objetivo del estudio es describir de qué manera el uso de las TIC permite revitalizar la lengua quechua de los estudiantes del anexo Capilla, periodo 2020-2021. Para ello, se realizó la caracterización psicolingüística y sociolingüística para reconocer el nivel de dominio y escenario lingüístico de los estudiantes; luego se plantearon actividades para crear materiales en quechua con el empleo de las TIC. Los resultados del diagnóstico psicolingüístico muestran que todos los estudiantes tienen como L1 el castellano, y el 25% de ellos tiene como L2 o lengua de herencia el quechua. Asimismo, el diagnóstico sociolingüístico muestra que la comunicación, en el ambiente escolar y dentro de la familia nuclear es en castellano y la práctica del quechua ocurre cuando los niños interactúan con sus familiares quechuahablantes. En conclusión, la revitalización del quechua usando las TIC, requiere del empleo adecuado de los medios activos, creación de audios y videos, incluyendo actividades cotidianas o culturales de la comunidad.
La configuración de los personajes femeninos en la estructura polifónica en La casa de cartón de Martín Adán
Authors: Castañeda Tantaleán Shirley Janette , Del Castillo Kusterman Eduardo Humberto
Published: July 2022

La casa de cartón de Martín Adán se desarrolla a inicios del siglo XX. Sus personajes citadinos permanecen en una realidad distante, casi existencialista. El presente trabajo estudia la configuración de los personajes femeninos en la estructura polifónica, aspecto formal que se advierte en dicha obra. Siguiendo los aportes de Mijael Bajtin y Oswald Ducrot, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del texto en el marco de la teoría literaria, de la teoría lingüística de la enunciación y de los estudios de género. La investigación concluye que un locutor masculino enuncia una  imagen conservadora de la mujer que refuerza patrones de género sostenidos en mitos sociales.
Ideologías lingüísticas en los universitarios peruanos con respecto a una lengua originaria andina en peligro de extinción y muy poco difundida
Authors: Sandoval Zapata Nick Bryan , Vivanco Loayza Madeline Julissa
Published: July 2022

Generalmente, los universitarios peruanos no seleccionan una lengua originaria como segunda lengua (L2); la mayoría de ellos prefiere escoger el inglés. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo explorar qué ideologías lingüísticas motivan tal actitud. Por ello, se entrevistó a ocho estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) sobre el jaqaru, una lengua originaria, andina, que además está en peligro de extinción y es muy poco difundida. La técnica usada para la recolección de datos fue la entrevista semidirigida. Los colaboradores fueron divididos en dos grupos: A (estudiantes de profesiones menos remuneradas) y B (estudiantes de profesiones mejor remuneradas). El análisis de los datos permite concluir que ambos grupos comparten tres ideologías lingüísticas, mientras que el grupo A presenta una ideología adicional.
Xenofobia, nacionalismo y COVID-19: la construcción del migrante venezolano en el discurso sobre la vacunación en redes sociales
Authors: Vega Josseline
Published: July 2022

La migración venezolana es considerada el fenómeno migratorio más importante en América Latina en las últimas dos décadas. Los sujetos que migran se enfrentan a vulneraciones sociales en el acceso a los servicios y a marginación xenofóbica en los países que los acogen. Este trabajo pretende identificar las instancias identitarias desde las que se construye al migrante venezolano en redes sociales dentro del discurso sobre la vacunación contra la COVID-19. La recolección de comentarios en Twitter y Facebook se realiza durante el mes de mayo de 2021. En el análisis se explica la identidad del migrante desde dos ángulos: el nacionalismo y el migrante venezolano construido como amenaza. Se concluye que las redes sociales funcionan como impulsor de espacios en los que la xenofobia se manifiesta; esto es, tanto las declaraciones nacionalistas como las del migrante-amenaza no son solo xenófobas de por sí, sino que sirven como argumento para justificar el no derecho del migrante a la vacuna y al acceso a la salud pública en general.
Lengua y Sociedad. (2021). Revista del Instituto de Investigación de Lingüística Aplicada (CILA) de la Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas y Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Authors: Yalta Gonzales Edgar Mauro
Published: July 2022

El segundo número del volumen veinte de Lengua y Sociedad, el cual comprende el periodo de julio-diciembre del 2021, presenta diecinueve artículos de investigación. Los campos de estudio que se abordan están relacionados con la sintaxis, la lógica del lenguaje, la semántica, la morfología, la fonética, el análisis discursivo, las ideologías y la educación intercultural bilingüe. Además, destaca que algunos de estos estudios son aplicados a lenguas originarias del Perú, como el quechua, el ashéninka, el asháninka, el resígaro y el awajún, y a una lengua extranjera, el japonés.
Training for hockey players during a pandemic: How should hockey players train during COVID-19 quarantines?
Authors: K. Carroll Christopher
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to highlight and demonstrate how to train, specifically for hockey players, while in a COVID -19 quarantine. Moreover, without access to training facilities and very limited equipment, what should players focus on during this time of societal shutdown. This paper will discuss physiological adaptations beyond simply localized muscular strength and “hockey specific” modalities. Rather, focused literature highlighting effects building a physiological base for return to play will be further discussed. Furthermore, expanded literature and application on oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, work capacity, heart rate deceleration/recovery and injury prevention will be highlighted.
Sedentary conditions during the lockdown and movement opportunities for the Italian elderly
Authors: Italo Sannicandro , Giacomo Cofano , Rosa Anna , Gaetano Raiola
Published: July 2022

The active lifestyle benefits are recognized for all age groups. In the over 65 year’s old population, the advantages deriving from active lifestyles and from the increase in the levels of physical activity assume particular relevance especially for the aging effect contrast. The effects of aging, in fact, involve all systems and all systems and can be counteracted by adopting active lifestyles the measures to combat the contagion have been progressive, from 8 March to 11 March and have disciplined and conditioned numerous individual and collective behaviors. The subsequent closure of parks, gardens and equipped green areas prevented the use of these spaces for recreational motor activity or for walking. The purpose of this study is to describe the strategies adopted and the motor tasks identified in a particular period of limitation of individual and group travel for the over 65 years old population. The motor skills to be solicited must meet two criteria: they must be related to the daily life and senior independence skills; they must be identified among those most affected by a period of forced suspension of activities or forced sedentary lifestyle.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Minangkabau Pada Implementasi Program Pariwisata Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Islam
Authors: Defrinal  , Nasor M , Karni Awis , Mukmin Hasan
Published: July 2022

Pada dasarnya Islam adalah agama permberdayaan sebagaimana dalam Al Quran surat Ar Ra’du ayat 11. Pemberdayaan merupakan proses pengembangan partisipasi, terutama dalam pengelolaan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat yang membutuhkan keterlibatan penuh masyarakat sehingga berdampak pada kesejahteraan. Adapun masalah yang akan diteliti adalah: Bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat pada implementasi program pariwisata dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam?. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mendeskripsikan dimensi partisipasi masyarakat pada implementasi program pariwisata dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam. Penelitian ini didesain menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Studi Kasus. Teknik “porposive sampling” termasuk ke dalam nonprobality sampling yaitu pengambilan subjek kajian bergantung kepada peneliti melihat subjek tersebut.

Partisipasi masyarakat dalam seluruh aktifitas program pariwisata dilihat pada dimensi, Decision Making, Implementations, Benefits dan Evaluation. Anggota masyarakat dalam pengelolaan pariwisata di Lubuk Nyarai berpartisipasi pada seluruh dimensi, sehingga memiliki dampak pada kesejahteraan sosial, budaya, lingkungan dan ekonomi. Hal ini menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pariwisata pada pemberdayaan masyarakat islam, dengan melibatkan seluruh anggota masyarakat pengelola dalam setiap dimensi partisipasi, serta memberikan kepercayaan kepada anggota masyarakat untuk dapat merefleksikan aksinya pada tindakan kolektif melalui pelaksanaan kegiatan bersama.
Impilikasi Kapitalisme Ekonomi Pada Petani Melayu Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Ayu Ritawati Raden
Published: July 2022

Modern economic capitalism has long engulfed smallholders in rural coffee plantations in South Sumatra. Intangibly, capitalism is always neatly wrapped up in goodness with many interests. The meaning of goodness here, how doers of economic capitalism with the spirit of morality have succeeded in deceiving coffee plantations farmers to become melted and obedient.

This research is to find out the impact experienced by coffee plantation farmers who consciously form conflicts of interest and power. And the extent of the government's role in saving coffee farmers from the snares of dependency and hegemony of poverty. The field study was conducted in response to the behaviors and habits of the informants and the local culture that was observed on an ongoing basis. Then analyzed with descriptive qualitative methods based on the semantic relationship between variables.

The results of the study prove that poverty that occurs in coffee farmers due to various factors, such as; historical elements as a result of colonial-feudalism, financial-industrial and technological-industrial dependency that made poor farmers helpless. Farmer expenditure, which was originally subsistence life, is increasingly in the form of money. No wonder consumerism is rampant and has become a new culture in rural communities. Increased habit of indebted to coffee bean collectors because of increasing population and economic pressure due to the inability of coffee farmers to adapt to the buying and selling economy. Where debt payments are made in installments when there is a coffee harvest with a longer payment term. Finally, the transformation of interests has succeeded in initiating the idea of ??mastering the economy of coffee farmers on moral and ethical ties for the values ??of the welfare of farmers who are hereditary and empowered for generations.
A segmentally informed solution to automatic accent classification and its advantages to forensic applications
Authors: Brown Georgina , Franco-Pedroso Javier , González-Rodríguez Joaquin
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, work in automatic accent recognition has followed a similar research trajectory to that of language identification, dialect identification and automatic speaker recognition. The same acoustic modelling approaches that have been implemented in speaker recognition (such as GMM-UBM and i-vector-based systems) have also been applied to automatic accent recognition. These approaches form models of speakers’ accents by taking acoustic features from right across the speech signal without knowledge of its phonetic content. Particularly for accent recognition, however, phonetic information is expected to add substantial value to the task. The current work presents an alternative modelling approach to automatic accent recognition, which forms models of speakers’ pronunciation systems using segmental information. This article claims that such an approach to the problem makes for a more explainable method and therefore is a more appropriate method to deploy in settings where it is important to be able to communicate methods, such as forensic applications. We discuss the issue of explainability and show how the system operates on a large 700-speaker dataset of non-native English conversational telephone recordings.
Combined myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and computed tomography: diagnostic and prognostic value in coronary artery disease
Authors: Gulya M. O. , Mochula A. V. , Maltseva A. N. , Zavadovsky K. V.
Published: July 2022

Modern imaging techniques occupy an important place in the diagnosis, selection of treatment and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease. Hybrid imaging is a combination of two sets of diagnostic data that complement and enhance each other by comparing anatomical and functional characteristics. As a rule, hybrid imaging is synergistic, that is, more powerful, since the addition of new information leads to an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of each of the modalities separately.

The review provides brief information on the diagnostic efficacy of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), computerized tomography (CT) coronary angiography in comparison with invasive coronary angiography with fractional flow reserve. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of assessing calcium index with MPS, as well as CT coronary angiography combined with MPS in the diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease, is characterized in detail. A separate section is devoted to the importance of hybrid imaging in making decisions about myocardial revascularization.
Intensification of lipid-lowering therapy in very high-risk patients: potential of combination with PCSK9 inhibitors
Authors: Sedykh D. Yu. , Kashtalap V. V. , Khryachkova O. N. , Petrova T. S. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of 6-month combined lipid-lowering therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor in patients with very high cardiovascular risk (CVR).

Material and methods. This prospective, open-label, single-center exploratory research study with active treatment included 5 outpatients with very high CVR. So, 80% of patients had prior coronary artery disease, 20% peripheral arterial disease, and 60% old myocardial infarction. The key inclusion criterion was the failure to achieve the target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1,4 mmol/l with high-intensity statin monotherapy at the maximal tolerated doses or combination therapy with ezetimibe. On a regular basis, all included patients took atorvastatin 40-80 mg/day or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg/day, or pitavastatin 2-4 mg/day. In addition, 2 patients received a statin in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg/day. Patients were followed up for 6 months as follows: every 2 weeks, with a lipid profile monitoring, subcutaneous injections of alirocumab at a dose of 150 mg/ml were performed. Additionally, clinical and laboratory indicators of the safety of therapy were evaluated.

Results. After 6 months, with the combined lipid-lowering therapy with alirocumab, a decrease in median LDL-C from 4,3 (4,11-4,67) to 1,27 (1,06-1,47) (p=0,001) mmol/l, total cholesterol from 6,1 (6-7) to 3,7 (3,5-3,9) (p=0,018) mmol/l, atherogenic index from 3,2 (3-3,26) to 0,8% (0,8-1,5) (p=0,001). There was no significant decrease in median triglycerides and an increase in median high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Six-month lipid-lowering therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor had no adverse events and made it possible to achieve a maximum decrease in LDL-C by an average of 75,4% already by 4 months of treatment in actual clinical practice.

Conclusion. Six-month combined lipid-lowering therapy with alirocumab 150 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks in very high-risk patients allows the majority of patients to achieve target LDL-C values.
Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipoproteinemia(a) in patients with premature acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chubykina U. V. , Ezhov M. V. , Afanas’eva O. I. , Klesareva E. A. , Tmoyan N. A. , Pokrovsky S. N.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (HLP(a)) in patients with premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods. The study included 120 patients with ACS up to 60 years (mean age, 53±7 years, 104 (87%) men) and 44 people from the comparison group without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia (mean age, 48±11 years, 19 (43%) men). All patients with ACS underwent coronary angiography. The lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) were determined in all patients.

Results. The prevalence of HLP(a) in patients with premature manifestation of ACS was 41% (n=49), possible FH — 25% (n=30), combination of FH and HLP(a) — 13% (n=15). In the comparison group, an increased concentration of Lp(a) was detected in 14% (n=6). Based on the analysis of operating characteristic curves, Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL had the maximum significance for ACS with a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 86% (area under the curve, 0,6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,5-0,7, p<0,05), and Lp(a) >15 mg/dl was associated with two or more coronary artery lesions with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 65% (area under the curve, 0,7; 95% CI, 0,6-0,7, p<0,01). On logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio (OR). 1,1; 95% CI, 1,0-1,2, p<0,05), smoking (OR, 7,5; 95% CI, 2,5-22,0, p<0,001) and Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dl (OR, 6,7; 95% CI, 1,1-39,7, p<0,05) are independently associated with premature ACS. Only Lp(a) ≥15 mg/dL was associated with multivessel coronary artery disease in these patients (OR, 3,8; 95% CI, 1,52-9,74, p<0,01).

Conclusion. Every fourth patient with premature ACS has FH, while almost every second has HLP(a), and every eighth has a combination of FH and HLP(a). HLP(a) is associated with ACS up to 60 years of age and multivessel coronary artery disease in these patients.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the Russian Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire II (CADE-Q II) in chronic coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Laskova A. I. , Ghisi G. L. M. , Lopatin Yu. M.
Published: July 2022

Aim. This study sought to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire II (CADE-Q II) in Russian.

Material and methods. Independent translations and back-translations of the CADE-Q II were conducted by bilingual health professionals and certified translators, respectively. Experts met to consider cultural relevance of the items to Russian patients. The finalized version was then pilot tested in a group of patients to assess understanding and time to complete the tool. Following these steps, 303 patients with a diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease treated in the Outpatient Cardiology Department between April and November 2021 completed the CADE-Q II. The following psychometric properties were evaluated: confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency (assessed by Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (ICC), and criterion validity (assessed through the association with CADE-Q II and The Self Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory and SF-36 scores, among other characteristics from the participants including educational level).

Results. After items were translated, revised, culturally adapted and finalized, 30 patients took 30 minutes to complete the CADE-Q II during pilot test and questionnaire was considered understandable by all. Factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin =0.692 and Bartlett's criterion of Sphericity <0.05) revealed four factors, all internally consistent and aligned with the original version of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of subscales ranged from 0.61 to 0.88 and ICC was 0.81. Criterion validity was confirmed by significant differences in total CADE-Q II scores by participants' educational level and correlations between CADE-Q II and The Self Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory scores (r=0.251, p<0.05).

Conclusion. The Russian CADE-Q II presented sufficient validity and reliability for use to assess disease-related knowledge of chronic coronary syndrome patients in Russia.
Association of various lipid parameters with premature coronary artery disease in men
Authors: Tyurina A. V. , Afanas’eva O. I. , Klesareva E. A. , Tmoyan N. A. , Razova O. A. , Ezhov M. V. , Pokrovsky S. N.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To assess the relationship between premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and various lipid parameters.

Material and methods. This retrospective longitudinal study included 166 men aged 57±9 years with coronary CAD with onset before age of 55. The control group consisted of 62 men (60±8 years old) who did not have CAD and peripheral arterial disease. In all patients, data on following lipid profile parameters were collected: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) at the time of CAD onset, while in control group patients — at the first visit to the A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology. These indicators were measured in blood plasma at the time of enrollment in all patients. In addition, the concentration of LDL-C corrected for Lp(a)-cholesterol (LDL-Ccorr) was calculated. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed with an initial level of TC >5 mmol/l, or LDL-C ≥3,0 mmol/l, or non-HDL-C ≥3,8 mmol/l, while hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (HLP(a)) — at the level of Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dl.

Results. Lipid metabolism disorders were significantly more common in patients with premature CAD compared to the control group. Lp(a) concentration ≥30 mg/dl, along with elevated levels of non-HDL-C or LDL-Ccorr, were associated with premature CAD, regardless of heredity and smoking, in the general cohort of examined men. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that any type of lipid metabolism disorder was associated with an increased risk of premature CAD. In addition, patients with isolated elevated Lp(a) concentrations lived to the CAD onset 8 years earlier — 47 vs 55 years, p<0,02. The probability of premature CAD was maximum when the elevated level of non-HDL-C and HLP(a) was combined (hazard ratio, 2,91 (95% CI 1,96-4,33), p<0,0001).

Conclusion. HLP(a) is an independent factor of premature CAD, even with normolipidemia, which confirms the need for routine measurement of Lp(a) in clinical practice.
Ultrasound Atherosclerosis Burden Score as a tool for predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with various cardiovascular risks aged 40-64 years
Authors: Genkel V. V. , Kuznetcova A. S. , Pykhova L. R. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To investigate the prognostic significance of the Atherosclerosis Burden Score (ABS) in relation to the development of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients of different cardiovascular risks (CVR) aged 40 to 64 years.

Material and methods. Men and women aged 40 to 64 years were included in the study. All the patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid arteries and lower limb arteries. The total ABS was calculated by assessing the presence of plaque in the carotid and femoral bifurcations on both sides. The combined endpoint was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or peripheral artery revascularization.

Results. The study included 232 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 55,0 years. Very high CVR was established in 94 (40,5%) patients, while high CVR — in 48 (20,7%) patients, and low and intermediate CVR — in 90 (38,8%) patients. The follow-up period lasted 23,6 (15,5; 51,2) months, providing 632,6 patient-years of follow-up. Events within composite endpoint occurred in 28 (12,1%) patients. Increased cumulative risk of adverse cardiovascular events was observed for ABS ≥2, with a significant increase in relative risk (RR) for ABS ≥3. According to Cox regression analysis, ABS 3 was associated with a 3,71-fold (95% CI 1,18-11,6; p=0,025) increase in the RR of adverse cardiovascular events after adjustment for sex, age, baseline CVR, obesity, smoking, diabetes, CAD, a history of myocardial revascularization, type 2 diabetes, drug therapy, and levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion. In patients of various CVR aged 40-64 years, an ABS ≥3 was associated with a 3,71-fold (95% CI, 1,18-11,6; p=0,025) increase in relative risk of adverse cardiovascular events after adjusting for potential confounders, including sex, age, baseline CVR, CAD, and type 2 diabetes.
Results of pilot remote monitoring of heart failure patients
Authors: Pyrikova N. V. , Mozgunov N. A. , Osipova I. V.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To analyze the results of remote monitoring of patients with decompensated heart failure (HF) based on the assessment of quality of life (QOL), self-care ability and adherence to treatment 3 and 6 months after discharge from the hospital.

Material and methods. The first group (experimental) consisted of 70 patients who, along with the approved healthcare standard, underwent measures according to the developed model for managing HF patients, including remote monitoring. The second group (control) included 65 patients who received care according to generally accepted algorithms for managing HF patients. In the study group, there were 46% men (69,6±9,4 years) and 54% women (71,7±9,9 years). The control group also included 46% men (70,6±9,1 years) and 54% women (73,0±10,3 years). Class I HF in the first group had 4%, while in the second — 3%; class II HF in both groups occurred in 11%; class III in the first group — 43%, in the second group — 54%, class IV HF in the first group — 41%, in the second group — 32% of patients. We conducted a standard clinical examination, assessed QOL, self-care ability, and adherence to treatment.

Results. In the first group, after 3 months, compared with the baseline, the average Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) score was lower by 37 (p=0,037), while after 6 months — by 33,6 (p=0,026). After 3 months according to the MSQ, the QOL in the second group was higher by 7,9 points (p=0,0001); according to the Morisky-Green test — lower by 1,2 points (p=0,0003); according to the self-care questionnaire — higher by 4,7 points (p=0,0001) than in the first group. After 6 months, MSQ score in the second group was higher by 10,4 points (p=0,0001), according to the Morisky-Green test — lower by 1,8 points (p=0,0003); according to the self-care questionnaire  — higher by 5,6 points (p=0,0001) than in the study group.

Conclusion. The developed model for managing HF patients using remote monitoring, in comparison with the generally accepted standards, has led to an increase in QOL, adherence to treatment and self-care ability of patients.
Advantages of using a portable cardiac monitor in outpatients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Khalikova M. A. , Tsaregorodtsev D. A. , Beraya M. M. , Sedov A. V. , Vasyukov S. S.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To study the advantages of using a portable electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor in outpatients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).

Material and methods. We examined 88 patients (26 men, 62 women, mean age, 63 [57;68] years) with paroxysmal AF with an average frequency of arrhythmia episodes of 1,0 [0.3;3.75] per month. Forty three (49%) patients were included in the remote monitoring (RM) group using the ECG Dongle monitor, and 45 (51%) patients were included in the conventional monitoring (CM) group. Patients underwent scheduled examinations 2, 6 and 12 months after the start of therapy. Unscheduled consultations were carried out in case of AF recurrence. Patients from the RM group, using portable cardiac monitor, additionally self-registered ECG 1 time per week and in case of symptoms suggestive of AF. ECG strips were sent to the clinical investigator for analysis.

Results. With the help of portable cardiac monitor, 2477 ECG strips were collected and analyzed: 2159 (87,2%) — sinus rhythm, 318 (12,8%) — AF and atypical atrial flutter. Forty four episodes of AF in 3 patients were asymptomatic. In addition, 211 (8,5%) sinus rhythm ECG strips were recorded by 13 patients with symptoms suggestive of AF. In the RM group, 7 (16%) patients were hospitalized due to recurrent AF, while in the CM group, 20 (44%) patients (p=0,004). The total number of emergency hospitalizations was 8 and 29 in the RM and CM groups, respectively. The number of patients who called an ambulance was significantly lower in the RM group: in the CM group, 37 calls for an ambulance were made by 22 patients, while in the RM group — 12 patients made 15 calls (p=0,044). The proportion of calls followed by hospitalization (40 vs 70%, p=0,043) was significantly lower in the RM group.

Conclusion. Remote ECG monitoring using the ECG Dongle system is a useful way to monitor patients with paroxysmal AF, which make it possible to register asymptomatic AF episodes, differentiate the causes of palpitations, and significantly reduce the frequency of emergency calls and hospitalizations.
Heart failure and osteoporosis: common pathogenetic components
Authors: Skripnikova I. A. , Yaralieva E. K. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2022

This literature review reflects modern ideas about the combination of heart failure (HF) and osteoporosis, common risk factors for these diseases, and pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic bone diseases in HF. Despite a growing number of studies on the combined cardiovascular and skeletal system pathology, the relationship between a decrease in bone mineral density and HF risk remains poorly understood. Both conditions are common causes of disability, death, prolonged hospitalizations and a significant reduction in quality of life, while its combination exacerbates their course and increases the incidence of adverse outcomes, which is a heavy burden for a patient and health care in general. Keywords: heart failure, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, bone metabolism.
Left atrial function in patients with heart failure
Authors: Perutsky D. N. , Obrezan A. G. , Osipova O. A. , Zarudsky A. A.
Published: July 2022

Improvement of the treatment and diagnosis of hypertension and heart failure (HF) contributes to an increase in life expectancy of the population and, accordingly, its aging. The problem of diagnosing and predicting HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently one of the urgent problems. The role of left atrial function in the development and course prediction of HF are the subject of scientific study. This review provides an analysis of recent studies on left atrial function in HF patients.
Experience in implementing workplace wellbeing programs in Russia: results of a survey of employers on the ATRIA platform
Authors: Antsiferova A. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Khudyakov M. B. , Ipatov P. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2022

One of the effective approaches to the prevention of noncommunicable diseases and the extension of labor potential is the introduction of workplace wellbeing programs (WWPs). The implementation of WWPs and the formation of health promotion working conditions contribute to improvement of the wellbeing and quality of life of employees, reduce presenteeism, absenteeism and improve the economic performance of the company.

Aim. To assess the experience of implementing the WWPs among employers in Russia using the ATRIA electronic platform.

Material and methods. Experts from the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine have developed a set of tools (a questionnaire for employers and employees) to assist in the development and implementation of WWPs. A link to an ATRIA electronic platform was sent to the chief external specialists in preventive medicine to ensure a wide coverage of the country’s population. The survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2021.

Results. The survey involved 181 employers and 7500 employees (women, 63,2%, n=4735), but not every respondent answered all questions. The companies related to education, science and culture (23,8%, n=43), metallurgy/mining (19,9%, n=36) and chemical/ petrochemical industry (11,6%, n=21). The majority of employers (73%; n=73) consider it necessary to develop and implement WWPs, while the majority of them (66,9%, n=121) were not familiar with such programs. Companies mainly implement health examinations (79,4%, n=100), vaccination (78,6%, n=99), measures aimed at increasing the physical activity (73,8%, n=93). Only 50% of employers evaluate the effectiveness of WWPs: according to a survey of employees — 41,2% (n=47), according to temporary disability rate  — 27,2% (n=31), according to staff turnover — 13,2% (n=15). Through the implementation of the WWPs, employers expect to improve employee health (94,4%, n=171), employee satisfaction (81,2%, n=147), morale (77,3%, n=140) and workforce productivity (75,1%, n=136).

Conclusion. The prevalence of WWPs in Russia varies depending on the industry, the entities involved in its implementation, the nature of work and the number of employees, which creates health inequalities and justifies the need to develop targeted interventions and measures to implement WWPs.
Development and approbation of a tool for assessing municipal infrastructure affecting behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular and other noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Popovich M. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Zinovieva V. A. , Glukhovskaya S. V. , Savchuk A. N. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Antsiferova A. A. , Usova Е. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To present first results of the study on the assessment of municipal infrastructure using specialized software in a pilot subject of the Russian Federation (Sverdlovsk Oblast).

Material and methods. The following infrastructure elements of four municipalities of the Sverdlovsk Oblast have been assessed in the period from January to March 2022: sports facilities, grocery stores, fairs/markets with fresh vegetables and fruits, alcoholic drinks in shops and supermarkets, special liquor stores, tobacco outlets, fast food restaurants). The assessment was made with specialized software developed using Open Street Map (OSM) that allows real-time recording of objects for interactive map data visualization.

Results. The density of sales outlets for tobacco, alcohol, fresh vegetables and fruits was 2,3, 3,4 and 2,4 per 1 km², respectively; the density of sports facilities, fast food and restaurants — 1,3, 0,9 and 0,5, respectively. The number of sales outlets for tobacco, alcohol, fresh vegetables and fruits per 100 thousand people was 111,6, 167,7 and 116,5, respectively, while the number of sports facilities, fast food and restaurants — 63,5, 44,1, 25,0, respectively.

Conclusion. Creation and implementation of integrated system for assessing a unified preventive environment for promoting health and maintaining a healthy lifestyle at the municipal level using a combination of objective (GIS technologies, paraclinical tests) and subjective assessment methods (personal survey), as well as the introduction of interactive maps of municipal infrastructure, will make possible use of evidence to make decisions on the development and implementation of programs for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and health promotion, as well as their management at the regional/municipal level.
Role of genetic factors (biology of telomeres) in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Aronov D. M. , Drapkina O. M. , Bubnova M. G.
Published: July 2022

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is one of the effective healthcare types for cardiovascular patients. At the same time, the choice of the most effective CR methods for a particular patient remains a problem. An increasing number of studies are devoted to the application of genetic methods for studying human health. Particular attention is drawn to determining the telomere length. The review purpose was to analyze the literature on various studies on the significance of assessing the chromosome telomeres for characterizing human health and choosing effective CR methods. The article discusses issues related to the relationship between the telomere length and cardiovascular risk factors, dietary pattern, and psychological status of a person. We also assessed the effectiveness of various exercise types at the genetic level. In preparing the review, publications over the past 14 years were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PEDro, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar databases. The presented facts indicate the need for further study and effective use of one of the genetic factors protecting chromosome telomeres in CR.
Mortality from acute types of coronary artery disease in men and women in Russia in 2015 and 2019
Authors: Samorodskaya I. V. , Bubnova M. G. , Akulova O. A. , Matveeva I. F.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To comparison standardized mortality rates (SMRs) among men and women from acute types of coronary artery disease (CAD) and their regional variability in Russia in 2015 and 2019.

Material and methods. The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) data on the population and the number of deaths from CAD based on the brief nomenclature of death causes using the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in 2015 and 2019 in 82 Russian subjects are presented. For each sex, SMR was calculated for acute (primary) and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (I21-I22), for other types of acute CAD (I20, I24.1-9), as well as average regional SMRs, coefficient of variation (CV).

Results. The average regional SMR for each of the acute CAD types among men was significantly higher than among women both in 2015 (p<0,0001) and in 2019 (p<0,0001). For the period of 2015-2019 in men, SMR from all acute CAD types decreased by 22,5%, from acute MI — by 7,4%, from recurrent MI — by 22,2% and from other acute CAD types — by 25,8%, while in women, these figures were 11,8, 8,8, 19,0 and 29,7%, respectively. The men-to-women SMR ratio in 2015 and 2019 were 2,79/2,72 for all acute CAD types, 2,58/2,55 for all MI cases, and 3,36/4,18 for other acute CAD types. The minimum CV values (41,9% among men in 2019 and 44,7% among women in 2015) were recorded for acute MI, while the maximum CV values (129,3% among men and 158,6% among women in 2019) for other acute CAD types.

Conclusion. Over the period of 2015-2019, the average regional SMR from acute CAD types in men and women decreased in Russia, with a more noticeable decrease for men. Greater regional variability in mortality, especially for other acute CAD types, poses the problem of finding organizational, methodological and strategic solutions to clarify the criteria for coding and refine the logistics schemes for providing healthcare for doubtful or uncertain diagnostic signs of acute CAD.
Evolutionary Dynamics and Phi-Regret Minimization in Games
Authors: Piliouras Georgios , Rowland Mark , Omidshafiei Shayegan , Elie Romuald , Hennes Daniel , Connor Jerome , Tuyls Karl
Published: July 2022

Regret has been established as a foundational concept in online learning, and likewise has important applications in the analysis of learning dynamics in games. Regret quantifies the difference between a learner’s performance against a baseline in hindsight. It is well known that regret-minimizing algorithms converge to certain classes of equilibria in games; however, traditional forms of regret used in game theory predominantly consider baselines that permit deviations to deterministic actions or strategies. In this paper, we revisit our understanding of regret from the perspective of deviations over partitions of the full mixed strategy space (i.e., probability distributions over pure strategies), under the lens of the previously-established Φ-regret framework, which provides a continuum of stronger regret measures. Importantly, Φ-regret enables learning agents to consider deviations from and to mixed strategies, generalizing several existing notions of regret such as external, internal, and swap regret, and thus broadening the insights gained from regret-based analysis of learning algorithms. We prove here that the well-studied evolutionary learning algorithm of replicator dynamics (RD) seamlessly minimizes the strongest possible form of Φ-regret in generic 2 × 2 games, without any modification of the underlying algorithm itself. We subsequently conduct experiments validating our theoretical results in a suite of 144 2 × 2 games wherein RD exhibits a diverse set of behaviors. We conclude by providing empirical evidence of Φ-regret minimization by RD in some larger games, hinting at further opportunity for Φ-regret based study of such algorithms from both a theoretical and empirical perspective.
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