bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble sulfate and reactive alumina measurements in cement and lime treated sulfate rich soils
Authors: Wattanasanticharoen Ekarin  , Puppala Anand J.  , Hoyos Laureano R.  , Vempati Rajan K.
Published: February 2025

Sulfate rich soils, when stabilized with lime or cement for subgrade improvements, are known to form a crystalline mineral, ettringite. This mineral exhibits significant swelling due to moisture hydration and crystal growth. This swell causes distress to highways, runways and other infrastructure built on lime or cement treated sulfate soils. Sulfate heave mechanisms in lime and cement treated soils are still in hypothetical stages since it is often difficult to explain exact causes of sulfate heaving mechanisms, i.e. due to crystal growth or ettringite hydration or both. Better understanding of these mechanisms can be explained by studying the soil chemistry variations of various constituents during early phases of stabilizer reactions. This paper presents these results from a research study, which was conducted to understand heaving mechanisms in lime and cement treated soils. Soluble sulfate, pH conditions, reactive alumina measurements in all treated soils were made before and after moisture soaking. These results were used to understand sulfate heave related ettringite mineral formation in both treated soils. Conditions that lead to excessive ettringite formation in the treated soils are explained, which were supported by the larger swell strain results measured at those conditions.
A structure-based approach to the estimate of the water retention curve of soils
Authors: Cafaro F.  , Cotecchia F.
Published: February 2025

In this work the influence of structure and volumetric straining on the evolution of the water retention curve of fine-grained soils (clays and silts) is discussed. Criteria for the formulation of their water retention curve are then proposed. The study also shows results of prediction of seepage through unsaturated soils, in order to discuss the importance of the above mentioned criteria in the modeling.
Geotechnical characterization of saline soils
Authors: Foncea C.  , Acevedo P.  , Olguín R.
Published: February 2025

A conjunction of field and laboratory tests demonstrates to be more effective than conventional tests in the proper characterization of saline soils. This paper presents a methodology for the study of these soils, which are predominant in regions of the north of Chile and where urban constructions and industrial plants, associated to mineral activities, are important. Test results show the importance of the soil structure of saline soils in their static and dynamic behaviour.
Influence of the end friction on the response of triaxial and plane strain clay samples
Authors: Perić Dunja  , Su Shu
Published: February 2025

Focus of this study is on the heterogeneities in laboratory clay samples, which are caused by the presence of completely rough end platens. Non-uniformities in the stress and strain fields of Weald clay samples subjected to drained triaxial and plane strain compressions are assessed by finite element simulations. A three-invariant Cam clay model with volumetric hardening/softening is used to describe the stress-strain behavior of normally consolidated and heavily overconsolidated clay samples. Even though the whole sample nominal stress-strain response is not substantially altered by the friction at the sample-platen interface significant heterogeneities evolve inside the samples. They are caused primarily by non-uniform distributions of the mean effective stress. Local vertical strains at the central portion of the samples greatly exceed 25%, the strain of homogeneously deforming specimens with smooth ends. At the same time the top and bottom outside edges experience small strains and significant stiffening effects due to concentration of the mean effective stress and corresponding decrease in the void ratio. Thus, critical state is reached only at the central part of the samples with the rough ends. In addition, while different types of loading are experienced by different locations inside overconsolidated samples such as a plastic softening, plastic hardening and elastic loading/unloading, in the case of normally consolidated samples all points appear to undergo plastic hardening. The location near the top centerline always experiences some elastic unloading, which is more pronounced in triaxial compression. It is expected that these heterogeneities may play a significant role in initiating the strain localization.
Automated K
Authors: Piriyakul K.  , Haegeman W.
Published: February 2025

Due to the fact that several natural soils have been deposited under zero lateral strain, it is worth to carry out triaxial tests without lateral deformations known as K0consolidation. In this case the real K0value is not known in advance. In order to measure this value, a LabVIEW software is used to control a Bishop and Wesley stress path cell. The software program can operate three digital pressure-volume controllers that measure and control the volume change and pore water pressure, the radial stress and the axial stress or strain. This paper describes a fully automated K0consolidation of the test sample at zero radial strain. Using the horizontal Hall effect local strain transducer, radial deformations can be directly measured on the soil specimen. Therefore radial strain can be monitored continuously during the consolidation process. Steering that the volume change of the soil specimen must always be equal to the vertical deformation keeps the average cross-sectional area constant. This method is applicable only to saturated soils. In this research a constant rate of the axial deformation is applied and by means of a feedback signal from the horizontal local strain transducer the radial stress is controlled in order to keep the radial strain zero. From several triaxial test results, it is found that the LabVIEW program enables to control the stress path cell for investigating the real K0value in consolidation.
A correlation between the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer and bearing capacity of a local soil formation
Authors: Ampadu Samuel I.K.
Published: February 2025

The dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), especially when combined with a vibrating hammer offers a simple and inexpensive site investigation equipment for simple structures. However, the difficulty in the successful application of this equipment lies in the absence of a credible correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity. This paper discusses the correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation. In-mould DCP tests were performed in the laboratory on re-moulded and re-compacted samples of two local soils. Similar samples were subjected to triaxial compression tests to determine the strength parameters from which the allowable bearing pressure of a footing on the material was computed. The DCP values were then correlated with the allowable bearing pressure and the results compared with those predicted with correlations from the literature. Field results to illustrate the potential application of the DCP as a simple site investigation tool for foundation design are also presented
Évolution des propriétés physiques et mécaniques des argiles gonflantes pendant l'humidification
Authors: Ejjaaouani H.  , Shakhirev V.  , Magnan J.P.
Published: February 2025

La communication analyse des résultats d'essais réalisés en laboratoire et sur un site expérimental situé à Ouarzazate (Maroc), où des essais de chargement de fondations superficielles ont été réalisés sur des argiles gonflantes à différents stades d'humidification. L'argile devient plus déformable et moins résistante lors de sa saturation et la vitesse de chargement agit sur la déformation.
Characterization and undrained shear strength of Nile delta soft deposits using peizocone
Authors: Hamza M.M.  , Shahien M.M.  , Ibrahim M.H.
Published: February 2025

Geotechnical investigation was carried out in three sites of the Nile Delta, Egypt for major projects. The investigations used Piezocone, Field Vane, and continuous “undisturbed” sampling to establish the stratigraphy, soil properties, and natural variability. The Deltaic deposits include silty sand and inter-layered clay, organic silt and sand. The aim of this paper is of two folds. The first one is to calibrate the existing correlations to classify the Deltaic deposits using the results of Peizocone. The second fold is to address the applicability of CPTU-undrained shear strength correlations to Deltaic clay/silt deposits. An existing CPTU-undrained shear strength correlation is updated. The data in this paper, together with published data, is used to propose a new CPTU-undrained shear strength correlation for wide ranges of plasticity index using corrected Field Vane undrained shear strength of the clay.
Properties of double porosity clayfills and suitable constitutive models
Authors: Mašín D.  , Herbstová V.  , Boháč J.
Published: February 2025

In the Czech Republic, double porosity soils exhibiting large total porosity are abundant in the clayfills of open-pit coal mines. Numerical analyses of such soils require unconventional procedures. The paper presents an approach to the constitutive modelling of double porosity materials. Application of the framework is demonstrated by an enhancement of the Modified Cam clay model. The results of laboratory experiments that have been carried out in the triaxial apparatus are used in calibrating the reference MCC model. The performance of the enhanced model is demonstrated by a parametric study.
Strain localization of rectangular clay specimen under undrained triaxial compression conditions
Authors: Oka F.  , Kodaka T.  , Kimoto S.  , Ichinose T.  , Higo Y.
Published: February 2025

In the present study, in order to grasp deformation and failure behaviors of clay under 3-D condition as well as large deformation and strain localization, a series of triaxial compression tests using rectangular clay specimens are performed. Various patterns of strain localization are successfully observed by an image analysis. 3-D bifurcation phenomena, e.g. formation and progress of various strain localization patterns, failure with buckling, unstable behavior in the stress-strain relations, can be also observed in the preset tests. Then, a 3-D finite element simulation using an elasto-viscoplastic model for a saturated clay is carried out. The simulated results can well explain the observed strain localization patterns of rectanguler clay sepcimens.
Application of packing models on geophysical property of sediments
Authors: Yang Shaoli  , Lacasse Suzanne  , Forsberg Carl Fredrik
Published: February 2025

Fines content plays an important role in the properties of two-size particle mixtures, for example sand-gravel, sand-silt and sand-clay. The determination of the porosity or void ratio based on the fines content is useful for characterization of the properties of such mixtures. The application of petrophysical and geotechnical models for binary packing materials are discussed in this study. The geotechnical model was used to predict the geophysical properties of sandstones with different amounts of fines. This study suggests a good potential to use this model for interpreting geophysical properties of sediments.
Environmental issues in geotechnical engineering
Authors: Shackelford C.D.
Published: February 2025

Although the exact date of when geotechnical engineers began to address environmental issues is uncertain, such issues became a primary concern in the field of Geotechnical Engineering around 1980. Thus, geotechnical engineers have been dealing with environmental issues on a formal basis for at least a quarter of a century. During the interim period, the significance of environmental issues in Geotechnical Engineering has grown to the extent such that a new sub-discipline in Geotechnical Engineering, commonly referred to as Environmental Geotechnics, has been established. As a consequence of these events, an assessment of some environmental issues that are currently of interest in Geotechnical Engineering, as well as some issues that are likely to be important in the future, is appropriate at this time. Accordingly, after a brief historical perspective, seven current and/or future environmental issues in Geotechnical Engineering are described, including the (1) long-term performance of waste containment systems, (2) acceptance of alternative barriers and barrier materials, (3) need for innovative barriers and innovative barrier materials, (4) emergence of new waste forms, (5) increasing significance of biological processes, (6) role of modeling, and (7) importance of professional identity. The significance of each issue is illustrated through one or more examples. The overall outcome of the assessment is that environmental issues will continue to represent a major sub-category within Geotechnical Engineering in the foreseeable future.
An investigation into embankment failure along a section of a major highway
Authors: Siddique A.  , Safiullah A.M.M.  , Ansary M.A.
Published: February 2025

The construction of Bhanga-Bhatiapara section of Dhaka-Khulna road under the Southwest Road Network Development Project started in January, 2002. While carrying out the filling of the embankment near approach of a bridge, a slip failure in the embankment occurred. The available bore log reports of four boreholes drilled in July 2001 near the failure location revealed the existence of very soft silty clay layers of thickness varying between 5 m and 8 m. Embankment failure was initiated when the fill height was gradually raised to about 6 m. For a fill height of approximately 6 m, slope stability analyses of the failed embankment section were conducted using Simplified Bishop Method and the method proposed by Low. This paper presents an analysis of general soil condition at the site, possible reasons that lead to failure of embankment and necessary remediation that may be undertaken for safe construction of the approach embankment.
A Rational Account of Classical Logic Argumentation for Real-World Agents
Authors: D'Agostino M.  , Modgil S.
Published: February 2025

Classical logic based argumentation (ClAr) characterises single agent non-monotonic reasoning and enables distributed non-monotonic reasoning amongst agents in dialogues. However, features of ClAr that have been shown sufficient to ensure satisfaction of rationality postulates, preclude their use by resource bounded agents reasoning individually, or dialectically in real-world dialogue. This paper provides a new formalisation of ClAr that is both suitable for such uses and satisfies the rationality postulates. We illustrate by providing a rational dialectical characterisation of Brewka's non-monotonic Preferred Subtheories defined under the assumption of restricted inferential capabilities.
Parallel Filter-Based Feature Selection Based on Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
Authors: Salmerón Antonio  , Madsen Anders L.  , Jensen Frank  , Langseth Helge  , Nielsen Thomas D.  , Ramos-López Darío  , Martínez Ana M.  , Masegosa Andrés R.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we propose a method for scaling up filter-based feature selection in classification problems. We use the conditional mutual information as filter measure and show how the required statistics can be computed in parallel avoiding unnecessary calculations. The distribution of the calculations between the available computing units is determined based on balanced incomplete block designs, a strategy first developed within the area of statistical design of experiments. We show the scalability of our method through a series of experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets.
Anomaly Detection with a Spatio-Temporal Tracking of the Laser Spot
Authors: Atienza David  , Bielza Concha  , Diaz Javier  , Larrañaga Pedro
Published: February 2025

Anomaly detection is an important problem with many applications in industry. This paper introduces a new methodology for detecting anomalies in a real laser heating surface process recorded with a high-speed thermal camera (1000 fps, 32×32 pixels). The system is trained with non-anomalous data only (32 videos with 21500 frames). The proposed method is built upon kernel density estimation and is capable of detecting anomalies in time-series data. The classification should be completed in-process, that is, within the cycle time of the workpiece.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Newborn Screening
Authors: Shulman Lee P.  , Farrell Philip M.
Published: February 2025

This chapter provides a review of selected metabolic disorders resulting from genetic mutations and the diagnostic methods used to identify them prenatally or in the early neonatal period. Prenatal and neonatal diagnostic technologies have evolved gradually over four decades, but they are expanding and changing dramatically in the 21st century, as is their application in population-based screening and/or targeted assessment of at-risk couples. For instance, preimplantation genetic diagnosis has been a major advance. Emphasis herein has been placed on prototype Sachs that have stimulated seminal efforts to improve medical practices in these fields. Future developments in prenatal screening and diagnosis, along newborn screening expansion, seem likely to continue rapid translation to the bedside because of extraordinary biotechnological advances.
Glycogen Storage Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome
Authors: Chen Margaret A.  , Weinstein David A.
Published: February 2025

The glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that result from a defect in any one of several enzymes required for either glycogen synthesis or glycogen degradation. The GSDs can be divided into those with hepatic involvement, which present as hypoglycemia, and those which are associated with neuromuscular disease and weakness. The severity of the GSDs range from those that are fatal in infancy if untreated to mild disorders with a normal lifespan. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for the common types of GSDs are reviewed.
Inherited Intrahepatic Cholestatic Disorders and Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism
Authors: Russo Pierre
Published: February 2025

Inherited disorders of intrahepatic cholestasis include entities such as Alagille syndrome, due to mutations in the JAG1 or NOTCH2 genes, progressive familial cholestatic disorders related to mutations in the genes that code for hepatocyte canalicular transporters, bile acid synthetic disorders, and rarer entities such as North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, familial hypercholanemia and Gracile syndrome. Principal distinguishing characteristics of the major inherited disorders of intrahepatic cholestasis are shown in Table 1. Disorders of bilirubin metabolism include Crigler-Najjar, Gilbert, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes.
Content Aware Music Analysis with Multi-Dimensional Similarity Measure
Authors: Wohlfahrt-Laymann Jan  , Heimbürger Anneli
Published: February 2025

Music players and cloud solution for music recommendation and automatic playlist creation are becoming increasingly more popular, as they intent to overcome the issue of the difficulty for users to find fitting music, based on context, mood and impression. Much research on the topic has been conducted, which has recommended different approaches to overcome this problem. This paper suggests a system which uses a multi-dimensional vector space, based on the music's key elements, as well as the mood expressed through them and the song lyrics, which allows for difference and similarity finding to automatically generate a contextually meaningful playlist.
A Multi-Dimensional River-Water Quality Analysis System for Interpreting Environmental Situations
Authors: Veesommai Chalisa  , Kiyoki Yasushi  , Sasaki Shiori
Published: February 2025

The multi-dimensional analysis is a promising approach to a new interpreting of environments by ground of the value-information and language-information on intellectual activities in various environment meanings to society. This paper presents a new analysis-system with semantic computing for environments in water-quality areas by integrating the fundamental important parameters of water-quality for creating the new meaning to society. The multi-water-parameter-analysis in a multi-dimensional space is important for current research issues in some water-quality research fields, which are based on the values and meanings of each parameter for obtaining the meaningful words in the category of agriculture, aquatic life, fish, drinking, industrial and irrigation. The multi-dimensional semantic space is significantly utilized for various interpretations related to the water-quality.
Forecasting National Football League Game Outcomes Based on Fuzzy Candlestick Patterns
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chia
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a sports outcome prediction approach based on sports metric candlestick and fuzzy pattern recognition is proposed. The sports gambling market data are gathered and processed to form the candlestick chart, which has been widely used in financial time series analysis. Unlike the traditional candlestick is composed of the price for financial market analysis, the candlestick for sports metric is determined by the point spread, total point scored, and the gambling shock which measures the bias of gambling line and real total point scored. The fluctuation behaviors of sports outcome are represented by the fuzzification of candlestick for pattern recognition. The decision tree algorithm is applied on the fuzzified candlesticks to find the implicit knowledge rules, and used these rules to forecasting the sports outcome. The National Football League is introduced to our empirical study to verify the effectiveness of forecasting.
On the Benefits of Network Coding for Unicast Application in Opportunistic Traffic Offloading
Authors: Jiao Jia-Ke  , Pan Da-Ru  , Lv Ke  , Sun Li-Fen
Published: February 2025

With the explosive increase in mobile services and user demands,cellular networks will very likely be overloaded and congested in the near future.To cope with this explosive growth in traffic demands with the limited current network capacity, opportunistic network is used to offload traffic from cellular networks to free device-to-device networks. Network coding can make full use of the mobility of nodes and improve the performance of opportunistic traffic offloading. In this paper ,we investigate the benefits of applying a form of network coding known as random linear coding to unicast application in opportunistic traffic offloading. Moreover we establish a mathematical model to analyze the benefits of RLC. RLC schemes achieve faster information propagation at the price of a greater number of transmissions and take up a lot of storage space. To optimize scheme, we utilize the survival time to control the number of packets in the network and free up storage space for node.
Alternative Metrics for the Evaluation of Scholarly Activities: An Analysis of Articles Authored by Greek Researchers
Authors: Togia Aspasia  , Koseoglou Eleftheria  , Zapounidou Sofia
Published: February 2025

Recently, altmetrics have emerged as alternative means of measuring scholarly impact, aiming at improving and complementing both traditional and web-based metrics. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the altmetrics literature by providing an overview of the coverage of altmetrics sources for the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) publications. We used Scopus to collect all research articles stating AUTh as the affiliation of at least one author and published from 2010 to 2016. The altmetric data originated from Altmetric Explorer, a service provided by Altmetric.com. Only 17% of all publications retrieved from Scopus had some kind of mentions, while there was a clear increasing trend over the years. The presence of altmetrics was different from each Altmetric.com attention source. Around 81% of all mentions came from Twitter. Facebook was a distant second, followed by news outlets. All other sources had very low or negligible coverage. The overwhelming majority of tweets had been posted by members of the public, who do not link to scholarly literature. Medical Sciences had by far the highest number of publications with altmetric scores, followed, in a distance by Sciences. However, Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences publications exhibited a significant altmetric activity. More research is needed in order to get a better insight into the altmetric landscape in Greece and develop an understanding about the kind of influence altmetrics measure, and the relationship, if any, between altmetric indicators and scientific impact.
Web Technologies: A Survey of Their Applicability to Metadata Aggregation in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Freire Nuno  , Manguinhas Hugo  , Isaac Antoine  , Robson Glen  , Howard John Brooks
Published: February 2025

In the World Wide Web, a very large number of resources are made available through digital libraries. The existence of many individual digital libraries, maintained by different organizations, brings challenges to the discoverability and usage of these resources by potential users. A widely-used approach is metadata aggregation, where a central organization takes the role of facilitating the discoverability and use of the resources, by collecting their associated metadata. The central organization has the possibility to further promote the usage of the resources by means that cannot be efficiently undertaken by each digital library in isolation. This paper focuses in the domain of cultural heritage, where OAI-PMH has been the embraced solution, since discovery of resources was only feasible if based on metadata instead of full-text. However, the technological landscape has changed. Nowadays, with the technological improvements accomplished by network communications, computational capacity, and Internet search engines, the motivation for adopting OAI-PMH is not as clear as it used to be. In this paper, we present the results of our initial analysis of available potential technologies, in particular, the following: IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework); Webmention; Linked Data Notifications; Sitemaps; ResourceSync; Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS); and the Linked Data Platform.
Openness in Scholarship: A Return to Core Values?
Authors: Neylon Cameron
Published: February 2025

The debate over the meaning, and value, of open movements has intensified. The fear of co-option of various efforts from Open Access to Open Data is driving a reassessment and re-definition of what is intended by “open”. In this article I apply group level models from cultural studies and economics to argue that the tension between exclusionary group formation and identity and aspirations towards inclusion and openness are a natural part of knowledge-making. Situating the traditional Western Scientific Knowledge System as a culture-made group, I argue that the institutional forms that support the group act as economic underwriters for the process by which groups creating exclusive knowledge invest in the process of making it more accessible, less exclusive, and more public-good-like, in exchange for receiving excludable goods that sustain the group. A necessary consequence of this is that our institutions will be conservative in their assessment of what knowledge-goods are worth of consideration and who is allowed within those institutional systems. Nonetheless the inclusion of new perspectives and increasing diversity underpins the production of general knowledge. I suggest that instead of positioning openness as new, and in opposition to traditional closed systems, it may be more productive to adopt a narrative in which efforts to increase inclusion are seen as a very old, core value of the academy, albeit one that is a constant work in progress.
The Combat of Unmanned Surface Vehicles Based on Wolves Attack
Authors: Pu Juan  , Wu Xing  , Guo Yike  , Xie Shaorong  , Pu Huayan  , Peng Yan
Published: February 2025

Unmanned combat system is one of the development trend of modern weapons and equipment and has applied to military affairs. The major goal of the Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs in short) is to destroy protected targets in the shortest time. This paper originates from biology, putting forward a new attack strategy—The USV combat Based on Wolves Attack with Weight. Namely, using the characteristics of the wolves attack to study the process of attacking. It also discusses the attack measures from weights, velocity and firepower of USVs through weight distribution and summarizes the advantages of wolves attack in USV combat.
Determination of Methane Flux in Organic Paddy Field
Authors: Khantotong Supawan  , Kingpaiboon Sununtha  , Mungkarndee Pinthitha  , Chawakitchareon Petchporn
Published: February 2025

This research was to investigate the amount of methane emission in the organic paddy field (wet-season rice), direct-seeding method around Tung Kula Rong Hai, the Northeast of Thailand during planting and harvest season and to examine the influential variables such as the growth, types of soil, temperature, height of rice plant, density of rice plant and the water level in the paddy field. The study was conducted in the paddy field of Khao Dawk Mali 105 in 4 stations. The results of the study revealed that; in period 1, from the period of seeding to tillering, CH4Flux is in the range of 0.193–1.383 mg CH4m−2hr−1or 0.728 ± 0.429 mg CH4m−2hr−1in average; in period 2, from tillering to ripening, CH4Flux is 1.311–2.446 mg CH4m−2hr−1with the average of 1.938 ± 0.359 mg CH4m−2hr−1; In period 3, from ripening to harvesting, CH4Flux of 0.873–2.235 mg CH4m−2hr−1with the average of 1.575 ± 0.351 mg CH4m−2hr−1
Balancing with Thresholds
Authors: Araszkiewicz Michał  , Zurek Tomasz
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a general formal framework representing the role of balancing of values in interpretation of statutory rules. The model developed here is an extension of the model of teleological interpretation, where a given interpretive outcome is justified if it satisfies a given goal (or a set of goals). Herein, a richer argumentative structure is discussed: an interpretive proposition concerning the interpretation of a statutory condition is justified if it is in accordance with the proper balance of applicable legally relevant values.
Toward Linking Heterogenous References in Czech Court Decisions to Content
Authors: Harašta Jakub  , Šavelka Jaromír
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present initial results from our effort to automatically detect references in decisions of the courts in the Czech Republic and link these references to their content. We focus on references to case-law and legal literature. To deal with wide variety in how references are expressed we use a novel distributed approach to reference recognition. Instead of attempting to recognize the references as a whole we focus on their lower level constituents. We assembled a corpus of 350 decisions and annotated it with more than 50,000 annotations corresponding to different reference constituents. Here we present our first attempt to detect these constituents automatically.
Hybrid System Design and Performance Based on Actual Vessel Operational Data
Authors: Brigati Lorenzo  , Zotti Andrea  , Lamberti Thomas  , Traverso Alberto
Published: February 2025

The recent trend of marine industry towards more efficient and versatile ships and lower emission has increased interest in hybrid solutions. However, the spread of this technology has been limited by several factors both economic and technical. Among these, a recurrent issue is the sizing of the Energy Storage System (ESS), which is strictly connected to the vessel typology, its operation and its control system. This paper presents an algorithm, developed within Wärtsilä Italia SpA, for the extraction of sequential operating modes from data recorded on board the vessel, in order to properly design a feasible ESS. The paper shows a technical economic analysis carried out on a small cruise vessel in order to identify competitive hybrid solutions compared to traditional configurations (engines running on conventional fuel or Liquid Natural Gas). Finally, the paper compares two case studies of a small vessel powered only by fuel cells (in place of conventional engines) and batteries, in order to prove the potential benefits derived from such innovative technologies with different operational profiles, also in hybrid mode.
Analytical Formulation of Plating Ultimate Strength with Pitting Corrosion Wastage
Authors: Piscopo Vincenzo  , Scamardella Antonio
Published: February 2025

The assessment of plating ultimate strength with pitting corrosion wastage is a basic issue for the proper scantling and design of ship structures. In the past, several nonlinear FE analyses have been performed to investigate the incidence of pitting degree and corrosion depth on plating ultimate strength, with the main aim of providing some approximate formulations, useful at least in a preliminary project phase. Based on actual state of art, the main aim of current research is to provide an analytical solution for the ultimate strength of platings with random pitting corrosion wastage, by solving the Marguerre nonlinear governing differential equations for large deflection analysis of platings in the post-buckling regime. A comparative study with a series of FE results is performed and a simplified formulation to assess the plating ultimate strength reduction, as a function of pitting degree and corrosion depth to gross thickness ratio, is proposed.
Application of a Passive Control Technique to the ISWEC: Experimental Tests on a 1:8 Test Rig
Authors: Bonfanti Mauro  , Bracco Giovanni  , Dafnakis Panagiotis  , Giorcelli Ermanno  , Passione Biagio  , Pozzi Nicola  , Sirigu Sergej A.  , Mattiazzo Giuliana
Published: February 2025

In this work, we address the use of Hardware In the Loop test rig for renewable energy application. Such test rig is designed to evaluate the performances of the wave harvesting system called ISWEC. The ISWEC is a floating, slack-moored, gyroscopic Wave Energy Converter. The full-scale prototype has an electric-mechanical Power take-off (PTO) composed by a gearbox and a brushless torque motor. The system is torque controlled to keep the gyroscope in the desired position range and to obtain maximum productivity. In order to obtain this, two different control methods are under study: a proportional-derivative (PD) law and a passive control method. The PD control law regulates the torque on the PTO providing a stiffness term to recall the gyroscope in the vertical position and a damping term to extract power. In this configuration, the PTO performs the recall effect, resulting in an increase of the torque load. To overcome such problems, the use of an eccentric mass to provide the stiffness term is analyzed. The experimental tests demonstrate the reduction of the PTO torque, justifying the gap in the system productivity provided by the passive control as assessed with the numerical model.
Inclusive Yacht Design
Authors: Ferrari Paolo  , Ukovich Walter
Published: February 2025

The proposal focuses on the definition of a new approach for the design of accessible and inclusive sailing yachts that takes into account the typical problems of users affected by permanent and temporary disabilities, as well as children, the elderly and pregnant women. Starting from the analysis of the current state of the art relating to sailing yachts ranging from 33 to 78 feet, it is possible to determine a series of cases in which the user, depending on his limit, may encounter problems of accessibility or use of external and internal spaces. The research aims to define the most suitable solutions for each of them, in order to create a reference standard in the field of nautical design to promote accessibility and inclusion. The deepening of this theme, which is not easy due to the numerous variables that make up the disability framework and the peculiarities of the “boat” environment, leads to the drafting of a manual that analyzes a series of design solutions applicable to narrow spaces like that of yachts, respecting the rules of ergonomics applied to the dimensions required by the particular conditions of the user, in order to eliminate the architectural barriers present on board.
Developments of New Patented Ice Breaking Devices for Ice Going Vessels
Authors: Lavini Gianpiero  , Avellino Gennaro
Published: February 2025

Arctic and Antarctic areas are getting more and more attractive for cruises. The vessel designed for the operations in these and other ice areas like Canada and Baltic Sea must sail in ice in a safe and efficient way, as far as possible, without support of icebreakers. At the same time they should be quite efficient also in open waters. However the hull hydrodynamic shape of an efficient vessel designed for the open sea operation is normally not suitable to operate in ice, while a vessel optimized for proper sailing in ice normally suffers from strong penalties when sailing in free waters. This paper deals with the development of new patented devices applied to the bulb and to the stern of the ship which can provide at the same time excellent performances in ice breaking without any detriment when the ship is operated outside ice seas. The new devices are called ICE SABRE, applied to the bulb and ICE MIRROR installed on the stern transom. A comprehensive ice model testing description of two devices shall be given including tests in pack ice, brash ice and manoeuvre against ice ridges.
The Green Fleet Project: Energy Saving Measures
Authors: Leonardi Massimiliano
Published: February 2025

The Italian Navy has always had, among its mission, the safeguard of the marine environment, and it is strongly oriented in giving its contribution to the targets fixed form the European Parliament with the “2020 Climate and Energy package”. In 2012 ITN has launched the “Flotta Verde” initiative, with the purposes of reducing gas emissions and improving, at the same time, the national energy security. The paper presents an overview about the Flotta Verde initiative and a case study aimed to optimize the power consumption of Engine-room ventilation Plant for ITN ships. In particular, the study analyzes the energy needed to ensure the proper air flow in the engine-room as a function of the ship operating conditions. Aboard a navy ship, the aim of an engine room ventilation plant is to provide comfortable working conditions, and to ensure the necessary air flow to prevent heat-sensitive apparatus from overheating. The case study compares traditional solutions with new technologies in the field of energy saving and calculates the time for ROI (Return of investment).
Fluid Dynamics Optimization of a Shaft-Less Rim-Driven Propeller
Authors: Migali Amedeo  , Bruno Daniele  , Malgieri Daniele  , Parussini Luca  , De Santis Marco
Published: February 2025

The shaft-less rim-driven propeller (RDP) can provide many advantages over traditional ship propulsion plants, including enhanced onboard comfort and propulsion efficiency, locations arrangement flexible installation, light weight and compact size. For this reason, during last years it become an attractive ship propulsion device in the marine industry. Within the project P. E. R. Na. “Propulsore elettrico reversibile per la Nautica” financed by the FvG region with Uni-TS, Uni-UD and MW.FEP as partners, a hydrodynamic optimization (DoE) was developed with the aim of determining the feasibility of this type of thrusters for propulsion of sailing boats. The electric motor will have the possibility of generating electricity by extracting energy from the boat's motion when it sails. In this preliminary study, only the propulsion phase was investigated. A completely parametric model of the rotor (blades and rim) has been created with Grasshopper inside the Rhinoceros 3D environment, a selection of variables has been included in the multi-objectives optimization process carried out through ModeFrontier (ESTECO) by measuring the parameters chosen by performing CFD simulations with the Star-CCM+ solver (SIEMENS).
Feasibility Comparison of HAC Algorithm on Usability Performance and Self-Reported Metric Features for MAR Learning
Authors: Cheng Lim Kok  , Selamat Ali  , Zabil Mohd Hazli Mohamed  , Selamat Md Hafiz  , Alias Rose Alinda  , Puteh Fatimah  , Mohamed Farhan  , Krejcar Ondrej  , Herrera-Viedma Enrique  , Fujita Hamido
Published: February 2025

This paper highlights the current literatures in usability studies, performance metrics, self-reported metrics and hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms. A literature review is done in these three areas of studies to find a research gap that can be explored further. The paper will then propose a research methodology to study comparatively feature selection based on performance and self-reported usability data. This paper will highlight methods used to compare the feasibility and performance of hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms on both performance and self-reported data. The results of the experiment will then be presented and discussed before proceeding to the conclusion and future works of this study.
SAT-Based Approaches to Adjusting, Repairing, and Computing Largest Extensions of Argumentation Frameworks
Authors: Lehtonen Tuomo  , Niskanen Andreas  , Järvisalo Matti
Published: February 2025

We present a computational study of effectiveness of declarative approaches for three optimization problems in the realm of abstract argumentation. In the largest extension problem, the task is to compute a σ-extension of largest cardinality (rather than, e.g., a subset-maximal extension) among the σ-extensions of a given argumentation framework (AF). The two other problems considered deal with a form of dynamics in AFs: given a subset S of arguments of an AF, the task is to compute a closest σ-extension within a distance-based setting, either by repairing S into a σ-extension of the AF, or by adjusting S to be a σ-extension containing (or not containing) a given argument. For each of the problems, we consider both iterative Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based approaches as well as directly solving the problems via Boolean optimization using maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) solvers. We present results from an extensive empirical evaluation under several AF semantics σ using the ICCMA 2017 competition instances and several state-of-the-art solvers. The results indicate that the choice of the approach can play a significant role in the ability to solve these problems, and that a specific MaxSAT approach yields quite generally good results. Furthermore, with impact on SAT-based AF reasoning systems more generally, we demonstrate that, especially on dense AFs, taking into account the local structure of AFs can have a significant positive effect on the overall solving efficiency.
Toward a More Efficient Generation of Structured Argumentation Graphs
Authors: Yun Bruno  , Vesic Srdjan  , Croitoru Madalina
Published: February 2025

To address the needs of the EU NoAW project, in this paper we solve the problem of efficiently generating the argumentation graphs from knowledge bases expressed using existential rules. For the knowledge bases without rules, we provide a methodology that allows to optimise the generation of argumentation graphs. For knowledge bases with rules, we show how to filter out a large number of arguments and reduce the number of attacks.
Representation Equivalences Among Argumentation Frameworks
Authors: Liao Beishui  , van der Torre Leendert
Published: February 2025

In Dung's abstract argumentation theory, an extension can be represented by subsets of it in the sense that from each of these subsets, the extension can be obtained again by iteratively applying the characteristic function. Such so-called regular representations can be used to differentiate argumentation frameworks having the same extensions. In this paper we provide a full characterization of relations between seven different types of representation equivalence.
A Dialogue Game for Multi-Party Goal-Setting in Health Coaching
Authors: Snaith Mark  , De Franco Dominic  , Beinema Tessa  , op den Akker Harm  , Pease Alison
Published: February 2025

Goal-setting is a frequently adopted strategy in behaviour change coaching. When setting a goal, it is important that it is understood and agreed upon by all parties, and not simply accepted as-is. We present here a dialogue game for multi-party goal-setting, in which multiple health coaches can contribute in order to find a goal that is acceptable to both the patient, and the coaches themselves. Our proposed game incorporates three important aspects of goal-setting and health coaching, (1) coaches can query each other's proposed goals, (2) the patient takes ownership of the goal, and (3) the patient themselves can propose goals.
ADD-up: Visual Analytics for Augmented Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Plüss Brian  , El-Assady Mennatallah  , Sperrle Fabian  , Gold Valentin  , Budzynska Katarzyna  , Hautli-Janisz Annette  , Reed Chris
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate the first prototype of the ADD-up visual analytics system. The Augmented Deliberative Democracy (ADD-up) project aims to enhance public deliberations by providing argument analytics in real time. The system will ultimately take a stenographic feed of a public deliberation meeting, automatically extract the arguments therein and project visual analytics intended to improve the deliberative quality of the event.
F
Authors: Kazlauskienė Asta  , Sabonytė Regina
Published: February 2025

This study is focused on analysing whether changes of F0in the Lithuanian language are influenced by: 1) stress and the type of a syllable accent (acute, circumflex); 2) the type of a sentence (declarative, exclamatory, interrogative); 3) phrase accent (focused word). The research material consists of the recordings of three female Standard Lithuanian speakers. Each of the samples was read 5 times. The analysis of the relation of F0in a stressed and an unstressed syllable, in an acute and a circumflex, in a focal and non-focal position, in declarative, exclamatory, interrogative sentences allows us to assume that the pitch is an indicator of intonation rather than of a lexical stress and a syllable accent.
What Is the Physics of Intelligence?
Authors: Arsiwalla Xerxes D.  , Signorelli Camilo M.  , Puigbo Jordi-Ysard  , Freire Ismael T.  , Verschure Paul
Published: February 2025

In the absence of a first-principles definition, the concept of intelligence is often specified in terms of its phenomenological functions as a capacity or ability to solve problems autonomously. Whenever an agent, biological or artificial, possesses this ability, it is considered intelligent, otherwise not. While this description serves as a useful correlate of intelligence, it is far from a principled explanation that provides a general, yet precise definition along with predictions of mechanisms leading to intelligent behavior. We do not want an explanation to depend on any functionality that itself might be a consequence of intelligence. A possible conceptualization of a function-free approach might be to formulate the concept in terms of dynamical information complexity. This constitute a first step towards a statistical mechanics theory of intelligence. In this paper, we outline the steps towards a physics-based definition of intelligence.