bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial nutrition dependence after cetuximab versus cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer: A propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Ishimaru Miho , Ono Sachiko , Suzuki Sayaka , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: September 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of cetuximab‐based radiotherapy (RT) with cisplatin‐based concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on artificial nutrition dependence in locoregional advanced head and neck cancer.

Methods

We identified patients treated with cetuximab‐based RT or CCRT between 2012 and 2014 in a Japanese national database, and used propensity score‐matched analyses to evaluate artificial nutrition dependence for 30 days after starting chemotherapy and at hospital discharge.

Results

Of 3935 eligible patients, propensity score matching generated 250 pairs. Thirty‐day artificial nutrition dependence was significantly lower in the cetuximab‐based RT group than in the CCRT group (25.6% vs 35.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–0.97; p = .036). No significant difference in artificial nutrition dependence at hospital discharge was shown (6.2% vs 7.2%; OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.52–2.17; p = .861). Difference in duration of hospitalization was insignificant.

Conclusion

Cetuximab‐based RT may reduce short‐term artificial nutrition dependence compared to CCRT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 320–325, 2017
Using Biosynthetic Models of Heme‐Copper Oxidase and Nitric Oxide Reductase in Myoglobin to Elucidate Structural Features Responsible for Enzymatic Activities
Authors: Bhagi‐Damodaran Ambika , Petrik Igor , Lu Yi
Published: September 2016

In biology, a heme‐Cu center in heme‐copper oxidases (HCOs) is used to catalyze the four‐electron reduction of oxygen to water, while a heme‐nonheme diiron center in nitric oxide reductases (NORs) is employed to catalyze the two‐electron reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide. Although much progress has been made in biochemical and biophysical studies of HCOs and NORs, structural features responsible for similarities and differences within the two enzymatic systems remain to be understood. Here, we discuss the progress made in the design and characterization of myoglobin‐based enzyme models of HCOs and NORs. In particular, we focus on use of these models to understand the structure‐function relations between HCOs and NORs, including the role of nonheme metals, conserved amino acids in the active site, heme types, and hydrogen‐bonding networks, in tuning enzymatic activities and total turnovers. Insights gained from these studies are summarized and future directions are proposed.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Flood Disaster in South Korea Under The Impact Of Climate Change
Authors: Park Jihoon , Kang Moon Seong , Song Inhong , Song Jung‐Hun , Jun Sang Min
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic method for flood‐risk assessment under climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) in preparation for climate change; the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were selected to examine future flood damage. The study area was South Korea. The spatial and temporal resolutions were on a city and county basis, and four time periods (1990s: 1976–2005, 2025s: 2011–2040, 2055s: 2041–2070 and 2085s: 2071–2100). Proxy variables were selected to assess flood risk. Indicators were standardized using the Z‐score method and principal component analysis was conducted to calculate the weighting of indicators. Probability distribution of each indicator was fitted to analyse the flood risk. The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was selected as the appropriate distribution. Convolution was used to merge all probability density functions. The results show flood risk increasing during the 2025s period and continuing to rise up to the 2055s period. Especially, the increase from the 1990s to the 2025s is so large that countermeasures need to be developed. It also predicted that southern areas are at greater risk of flooding. These are expected to be used as appropriate data to establish an adaptation policy for climate change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ultrastructural Signature of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Underwood Jean M. , Becker Klaus A. , Stein Gary S. , Nickerson Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2016

The epigenetics and molecular biology of human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) have received much more attention than their architecture. We present a more complete look at hES cells by electron microscopy, with a special emphasis on the architecture of the nucleus. We propose that there is an ultrastructural signature of pluripotent human cells. hES cell nuclei lack heterochromatin, including the peripheral heterochromatin, that is common in most somatic cell types. The absence of peripheral heterochromatin may be related to the absence of lamins A and C, proteins important for linking chromatin to the nuclear lamina and envelope. Lamins A and C expression and the development of peripheral heterochromatin were early steps in the development of embryoid bodies. While hES cell nuclei had abundant nuclear pores, they also had an abundance of nuclear pores in the cytoplasm in the form of annulate lamellae. These were not a residue of annulate lamellae from germ cells or the early embryos from which hES cells were derived. Subnuclear structures including nucleoli, interchromatin granule clusters, and Cajal bodies were observed in the nuclear interior. The architectural organization of human ES cell nuclei has important implications for cell structure—gene expression relationships and for the maintenance of pluripotency. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 764–774, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Subchondral Bone Loss at Arthritis Onset Predicted Late Arthritis Severity in a Rat Arthritis Model
Authors: Courbon Guillaume , Cleret Damien , Linossier Marie‐Thérèse , Vico Laurence , Marotte Hubert
Published: September 2016

Synovitis is usually observed before loss of articular function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition to the synovium and according to the “Inside–Outside” theory, bone compartment is also involved in RA pathogenesis. Then, we investigated time dependent articular bone loss and prediction of early bone loss to late arthritis severity on the rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) model. Lewis female rats were longitudinally monitored from arthritis induction (day 0), with early (day 10) and late (day 17) steps. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture parameters of four ankle bones were assessed by microcomputed tomography. Gene expression was determined at sacrifice. Arthritis occurred at day 10 in AIA rats. At this time, bone erosions were detected on four ankle bones, with cortical porosity increase (+67%) and trabecular alterations including bone volume fraction (BV/TV: −13%), and trabecular thickness decrease. Navicular bone assessment was the most reproducible and sensitive. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between bone alterations at day 10 and arthritis severity or bone loss at day 17, including predictability of day 10 BV/TV to day 17 articular index (R2 = 0.76). Finally, gene expression at day 17 confirmed massive osteoclast activation and interestingly provided insights on strong activation of bone formation inhibitor markers at the joint level. In rat AIA, bone loss was already observed at synovitis onset and was predicted late arthritis severity. Our results reinforced the key role of subchondral bone in arthritis pathogenesis, in favour to the “Inside–Outside” theory. Mechanisms of bone loss in rat AIA involved resorption activation and formation inhibition changes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1318–1325, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness: executive summary of a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review
Authors: Connolly Bronwen , Salisbury Lisa , O'Neill Brenda , Geneen Louise , Douiri Abdel , Grocott Michael P. W. , Hart Nicholas , Walsh Timothy S. , Blackwood Bronagh
Published: September 2016

Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness are major complications of critical illness and underlie the profound physical and functional impairments experienced by survivors after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Exercise‐based rehabilitation has been shown to be beneficial when delivered during ICU admission. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation initiated after ICU discharge on primary outcomes of functional exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life. We sought randomized controlled trials, quasi‐randomized controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials comparing an exercise intervention commenced after ICU discharge vs. any other intervention or a control or ‘usual care’ programme in adult survivors of critical illness. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched up to February 2015. Dual, independent screening of results, data extraction, and quality appraisal were performed. We included six trials involving 483 patients. Overall quality of evidence for both outcomes was very low. All studies evaluated functional exercise capacity, with three reporting positive effects in favour of the intervention. Only two studies evaluated health‐related quality of life and neither reported differences between intervention and control groups. Meta‐analyses of data were precluded due to variation in study design, types of interventions, and selection and reporting of outcome measurements. We were unable to determine an overall effect on functional exercise capacity or health‐related quality of life of interventions initiated after ICU discharge for survivors of critical illness. Findings from ongoing studies are awaited. Future studies need to address methodological aspects of study design and conduct to enhance rigour, quality, and synthesis.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 3‐(5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine and 5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Alam Raquib , Alam Md. Aftab , Panda Amulya K. , Rahisuddin
Published: September 2016

In an attempt to find bio‐active small molecules, a series of novel 3‐(5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine 5a–i and 5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde 6a–i were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines namely; HeLa (human cervix), NCI‐H460 (human lung), PC‐3 (human prostate), and NIH‐3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblasts) normal cell line. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate to good cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines and weak toxicity against normal cell line. Analogues 5b, 5f, 5g, 6b, and 6g showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to standard drug etoposide. Among all the synthesized compounds, compound 6g displayed superior cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 7.98 ± 1.08 μM for Hela cancer cell line.
Radioiodination and biological evaluation of candesartan as a tracer for cardiovascular disorder detection
Authors: Sanad M.H. , Sallam Kh.M. , Marzook F.A. , Abd‐Elhaliem S.M.
Published: September 2016

The goal of the study aims to evaluate newly radioiodinated candesartan (CAN) as a potential cardiovascular tracer. CAN was labeled using 125I with chloramine‐T (Ch‐T) and N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) with full characterization of cold Iodo‐candesartan. Factors such as pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, substrate, and oxidizing agent amounts were studied to optimize the radioiodination of CAN. The optimum radiochemical yield of 125I‐CAN was 98%. The labeled compound was separated and purified using high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The biological distribution indicates the suitability of 125I‐CAN as a novel tracer to detect cardiovascular disorders.
High‐SNR multiple T2(*)‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging using a robust denoising method based on tissue characteristics
Authors: Eo Taejoon , Kim Taeseong , Jun Yohan , Lee Hongpyo , Ahn Sung Soo , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Hwang Dosik
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To develop an effective method that can suppress noise in successive multiecho T2(*)‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) brain images while preventing filtering artifacts.

Materials and Methods

For the simulation experiments, we used multiple T2‐weighted images of an anatomical brain phantom. For in vivo experiments, successive multiecho MR brain images were acquired from five healthy subjects using a multiecho gradient‐recalled‐echo (MGRE) sequence with a 3T MRI system. Our denoising method is a nonlinear filter whose filtering weights are determined by tissue characteristics among pixels. The similarity of the tissue characteristics is measured based on the l2‐difference between two temporal decay signals. Both numerical and subjective evaluations were performed in order to compare the effectiveness of our denoising method with those of conventional filters, including Gaussian low‐pass filter (LPF), anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF), and bilateral filter. Root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were used in the numerical evaluation. Five observers, including one radiologist, assessed the image quality and rated subjective scores in the subjective evaluation.

Results

Our denoising method significantly improves RMSE, SNR, and CNR of numerical phantom images, and CNR of in vivo brain images in comparison with conventional filters (P < 0.005). It also receives the highest scores for structure conspicuity (8.2 to 9.4 out of 10) and naturalness (9.2 to 9.8 out of 10) among the conventional filters in the subjective evaluation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that high‐SNR multiple T2(*)‐contrast MR images can be obtained using our denoising method based on tissue characteristics without noticeable artifacts.

Evidence level: 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1835–1845
Lateral flow immunoassay with upconverting nanoparticle‐based detection for indirect measurement of interferon response by the level of MxA
Authors: Juntunen Etvi , Salminen Teppo , Talha Sheikh M. , Martiskainen Iida , Soukka Tero , Pettersson Kim , Waris Matti
Published: September 2016

Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a biomarker of interferon‐induced gene expression state involved in many viral infections and some autoimmune disorders. It has a variety of potential utilities in clinical diagnostics, including distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections. Currently, MxA‐assays are used for monitoring of IFN‐β therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. As a proof‐of‐concept for rapid quantitative measurement of interferon response, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) reporters was developed and evaluated with clinical whole blood samples to assess the potential for a rapid and user‐friendly quantitative assay for MxA, since the currently available rapid test for MxA (FebriDX) produces only qualitative result. The high detection sensitivity enabled by the UCNP reporter technology allowed the sample pre‐treatment with dilution of whole blood into lysis buffer at a detectable analyte concentration. The assay can be done within 2 hr and the results correlate with the reference MxA‐ELISA, which requires an overnight incubation. With 36 samples, R2 for linear regression was 0.86. The assay detected 96% of the IFN‐β responders with 89% specificity using a cut‐off level of 100 μg/L for an elevated MxA‐concentration. J. Med. Virol. 89:598–605, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical modeling of process parameters on RF metrics in FinFETs, junctionless, and gate‐all‐around devices
Authors: Lakshmi B. , Srinivasan R.
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with the effect of structural, doping, and work function parameter variations on the Radio‐Frequency metrics, unity gain cutoff frequency (ft), non‐quasi static delay, intrinsic gain, and noise figure in double‐gate Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET), junctionless FinFETs, and conventional and junctionless gate‐all‐around devices using Technology Computer‐Aided Design simulations. This is done quantitatively by performing a simple sensitivity study experiment and screening analysis through Plackett‐Burman's design of experiment approach. The individual and overall rankings of the input parameters for the devices considered are given. Gate length affects FinFETs significantly, whereas it does not affect junctionless devices. The impact of work function on the output responses is more in junctionless devices compared with that of FinFET and gate‐all‐around devices. Ovality in gate‐all‐around devices has no impact on all the output responses.
Anaerobic co‐digestion of perennials: Methane potential and digestate nitrogen fertilizer value
Authors: Müller‐Stöver Dorette Sophie , Sun Guotao , Kroff Pablo , Thomsen Sune Tjalfe , Hauggaard‐Nielsen Henrik
Published: September 2016

Co‐digestion of crop biomass improves the traditional manure‐based biogas yield due to an increased content of easily degradable carbon compounds. In this study, the methane potential of three perennials (grass, legumes, and grass+legume) was determined using various amounts together with animal manure. The nitrogen (N) mineralization dynamics in soil and the N‐fertilizer value of the derived digestates were subsequently tested in both a soil incubation study and a pot experiment with spring barley. Digestion of all tested perennials together with a manure‐based inoculum increased the cumulative methane yield four to five times compared to digestion of the inoculum alone, with the highest increases observed with pure grass. However, the methane potential decreased along with increasing grass biomass concentration. In the plant pot experiment, all tested digestates increased barley shoot biomass by 40–170%, to an extent statistically comparable to mineral N fertilizer. However, the application of the digestate originating from fermentation with pure grass resulted in lower plant growth and a more fluctuating soil mineral N content throughout the incubation study compared to the other digestates. Considering the high dry matter and methane yield ha−1, the possibility to substitute mineral N fertilizer inputs by leguminous biological N2 fixation capacity, and the digestate fertilizer value, the integration of grass–legume mixtures or sole legumes into anaerobic digestion systems as co‐substrate for manure seems to be promising. This could furthermore contribute to the diversification of cropping systems for bioenergy production.
Removal of six pesticide residues in cowpea with alkaline electrolysed water
Authors: Han Yongtao , Song Le , An Quanshun , Pan Canping
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Reduction of six pesticide residues (isoprocarb, chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, beta‐cypermethrin, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin) in cowpea by alkaline electrolysed water (AlEW) solutions with different pH was investigated. The commonly used washing treatments in household processing were used for comparison.

RESULTS

The residue magnitudes were determined by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS). Results showed that the removal effect of AlEW solution on the six pesticides was superior to tap water, 5% sodium chloride, 5% sodium carbonate and 5% acetic acid solution. AlEW with pH 12.2 had more potential to eliminate the six pesticides in cowpeas. Moreover, the reduction of pesticide residues gradually increased with the increase of washing time.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that AlEW solution with pH of 12.2 could be used to reduce pesticide residues on fresh cowpea samples. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Advantages of day‐before lymphoscintigraphy and undiluted methylene blue dye injections for sentinel lymph node biopsies for melanoma
Authors: Dinh Kate H. , Harris Ariana F. , LaFemina Jennifer , Whalen Giles F. , Sullivan Mary , Licho Robert , Hill Thomas , Lambert Laura A.
Published: September 2016

Background and Objectives

Lymphatic mapping (LM) and blue dye injections are essential to identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) for melanoma. LM is performed the day before (DB) or the same day (SD) of surgery, but the optimal timing is unknown. Similarly, methylene blue (MB), used during SLN biopsy (SLNB), is administered diluted (dMB) or undiluted (uMB), but the relative efficacies are unknown.

Methods

Patients who underwent SLNB for melanoma from 2009 to 2013 at our institution were evaluated. Outcomes included operative correlation with LM, SLN identification, and postoperative complications.

Results

One hundred seventy‐one patients underwent SLNB. Sixty‐seven (39%) had DB LM. Sixty‐seven (39%) received uMB. Operative findings correlated with both LM groups, though the DB patients had lower background count (P = 0.018) and lower highest SLN radioactive signal count (P = 0.046). More uMB patients had blue SLNs (90% vs. 68%, P = 0.001). There was no difference in the total number of SLNs or complication rates in the LM and MB groups.

Conclusions

This is the first study to compare the use of DB LM with SD LM and the efficacy of uMB versus dMB. DB LM and uMB offer advantageous alternatives for patients and their surgeons without loss of accuracy or increased morbidity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:947–950. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between age and overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection
Authors: Tan Jun‐Tao , Zhao Chang , Peng Ning‐Fu , Yang Yang , Zhong Jian‐Hong , Yang Tian , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Wang Yan‐Yan , Gong Wen‐Feng , Xiang Bang‐De , Li Le‐Qun
Published: September 2016

Aim

The suitability of hepatic resection for older patients remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether age influences overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection.

Methods

Records of 1,132 patients with HCC after hepatic resection were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was compared between younger and older patients based on five cut‐off ages (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years).

Results

Across all patients, OS was 89.7% at 1 year, 67.7% at 3 years, and 47.7% at 5 years. OS was similar between younger and older patients at all cut‐off ages (all P > 0.1), but OS was marginally lower among patients >70 years old than those ≤70 (P = 0.090). Multivariate analyses identified several risk factors for lower OS: preoperative serum albumin <35 g/L, alanine aminotransferase >80 U/L, α‐fetoprotein ≥400 ng/ml, presence of esophagogastric varices or macrovascular invasion, incomplete/absent tumor capsule, tumor size >10 cm, tumor number ≥3, and major hepatectomy.

Conclusion

Age does not influence the prognosis of patients with HCC after hepatic resection. Older patients should be considered for curative resection if remnant liver volume and liver function are adequate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:966–970. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Actual 10‐year survivors following resection of adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Tran Thuy B. , Postlewait Lauren M. , Maithel Shishir K. , Prescott Jason D. , Wang Tracy S. , Glenn Jason , Phay John E. , Keplinger Kara , Fields Ryan C. , Jin Linda X. , Weber Sharon M. , Salem Ahmed , Sicklick Jason K. , Gad Shady , Yopp Adam C. , Mansour John C. , Duh Quan‐Yang , Seiser Natalie , Solorzano Carmen C. , Kiernan Colleen M. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. , Levine Edward A. , Hatzaras Ioannis , Shenoy Rivfka , Pawlik Timothy M. , Norton Jeffrey A. , Poultsides George A.
Published: September 2016

Background

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options beyond surgical resection. The characteristics of actual long‐term survivors following surgical resection for ACC have not been previously reported.

Method

Patients who underwent resection for ACC at one of 13 academic institutions participating in the US Adrenocortical Carcinoma Group from 1993 to 2014 were analyzed. Patients were stratified into four groups: early mortality (died within 2 years), late mortality (died within 2–5 years), actual 5‐year survivor (survived at least 5 years), and actual 10‐year survivor (survived at least 10 years). Patients with less than 5 years of follow‐up were excluded.

Results

Among the 180 patients available for analysis, there were 49 actual 5‐year survivors (27%) and 12 actual 10‐year survivors (7%). Patients who experienced early mortality had higher rates of cortisol‐secreting tumors, nodal metastasis, synchronous distant metastasis, and R1 or R2 resections (all P < 0.05). The need for multi‐visceral resection, perioperative blood transfusion, and adjuvant therapy correlated with early mortality. However, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and R1 resection did not preclude patients from becoming actual 10‐year survivors. Ten of twelve actual 10‐year survivors were women, and of the seven 10‐year survivors who experienced disease recurrence, five had undergone repeat surgery to resect the recurrence.

Conclusion

Surgery for ACC can offer a 1 in 4 chance of actual 5‐year survival and a 1 in 15 chance of actual 10‐year survival. Long‐term survival was often achieved with repeat resection for local or distant recurrence, further underscoring the important role of surgery in managing patients with ACC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:971–976. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Novel Photoinitiators as Substitutes of Camphorquinone for the LED Induced Polymerization of Methacrylates: A Bis‐Silyl Ketone
Authors: Graff Bernadette , Klee Joachim E. , Fik Christoph , Maier Maximilian , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: September 2016

A new photoinitiator based on a bis‐silylketone (BSK) structure is proposed as a novel compound leading to highly efficient initiating silyl radicals for the polymerization of methacrylates (e.g., a bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate blend (70%/30% w/w)) upon exposure to a blue light emitting diode and a green laser diode. The polymerization profiles are recorded by real time Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. Absorption, fluorescence, electron spin resonance (ESR), and steady state experiments are used to investigate the involved chemical mechanisms. Molecular orbital calculations are also carried out. Remarkably, BSK efficiently works in the presence of an iodonium salt. The overall mechanism for the initiation step is clarified. This novel class of silyl radical generating photoinitiators is really promising for the photopolymerization of methacrylates, e.g., in dental materials.

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Removal of Union Propaganda From Breakroom = Second Election
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: September 2016

Intertape Polymer Corp. (360 NLRB No. 114) won a decisive 142–97 victory in a union election. Nevertheless, after the union complained that Intertape committed unfair labor practices (ULPs) during the campaign, the Board ordered a do‐over election to be held nine months later, giving the union another nine months to try to persuade enough workers to defeat the company in the next election. The employer, meanwhile, would have to continue burning resources to campaign against the union for another nine months.
Ectopic implantation of an avulsed scalp with a tissue expander on a forearm for combined total scalp avulsion and spine injuries: A case report
Authors: Xu Hua , Zhang Yi , He Jinguang , Lin Yuan , Wang Tao , Dong Jiasheng
Published: September 2016

Total scalp avulsion with severe cervical spine injury is a contraindication for emergency replantation of the scalp to its anatomical site. We describe a case involving the ectopic implantation of an avulsed scalp on the forearm. A 41‐year‐old woman presented with severe total scalp avulsion and tears in the intervertebral discs at the C4/5 and C5/6 levels. The avulsed scalp was ectopically implanted on the left forearm with a tissue expander to provide support. Two‐stage replantation of the scalp at its anatomical site was performed 19 and 40 days later. Replantation was successful, and the avulsed tissue exhibited excellent viability. In conclusion, this case shows that the ectopic implantation of the avulsed scalp on the forearm may be an option for total scalp avulsion with cervical spine injury.
Landau's theorems for biharmonic mappings (II)
Authors: Liu Mingsheng , Xie Lin , Yang Li‐Mei
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we derive five new versions of Landau‐type theorems for biharmonic mappings of unit disk. Moreover, we prove that all five results are sharp when the bounds are equal to 1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining a reduced field of excitation with SENSE‐based parallel imaging for maximum imaging efficiency
Authors: Mooiweer Ronald , Sbrizzi Alessandro , Raaijmakers Alexander J.E. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. , Luijten Peter R. , Hoogduin Hans
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To show that a combination of parallel imaging using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and inner volume imaging (IVI) combines the known benefits of both techniques. SENSE with a reduced field of excitation (rFOX) is termed rSENSE.

Theory and Methods

The noise level in SENSE reconstructions is reduced by removing voxels from the unfolding process that are rendered silent by using rFOX. The silent voxels need to be identified beforehand, this is done by using rFOX in the coil sensitivity maps. In vivo experiments were performed at 7 Tesla using a 32‐channel receive coil.

Results

Good image quality could be obtained in vivo with rSENSE at acceleration factors that are higher than could be obtained using SENSE or IVI alone. With rSENSE we were also able to accelerate scans using an rFOX that was purposely designed to be imperfect or incompatible at all with IVI.

Conclusion

rSENSE has been demonstrated in vivo with two‐dimensionally selective radiofrequency pulses. Besides allowing additional scan acceleration, it offers a greater robustness and flexibility than IVI. The proposed method can be used with other field strengths, anatomies and other rFOX techniques. Magn Reson Med 78:88–96, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Morphological change of thermosensitive imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)/poly(phenylethylmethacrylate) composite particles
Authors: Tokuda Masayoshi , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto
Published: September 2016

Composite particles comprising poly(2‐phenylethyl methacrylate) (PPhEMA) and imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)s were prepared by suspension polymerization of 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide as an ionic liquid monomer with dissolved PPhEMA. Not only PPhEMA exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide but also the polymer blend in the bulk state exhibited LCST behavior. However, the composite polymer particles obtained after polymerization at 70°C maintained a homogeneous inner structure after heat treatment as the polymerization temperature was greater than the LCST in this system due to the formation of a cross‐linked structure during polymerization. When the composite particles were prepared by suspension polymerization at 30°C, their inner morphology changed from homogeneous to phase separated during the subsequent heat treatment. Moreover, the morphology transformation of the composite particles was dependent on the PPhEMA molecular weight. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detergents: Friends not foes for high‐performance membrane proteomics toward precision medicine
Authors: Zhang Xi
Published: September 2016

Precision medicine, particularly therapeutics, emphasizes the atomic‐precise, dynamic, and systems visualization of human membrane proteins and their endogenous modifiers. For years, bottom‐up proteomics has grappled with removing and avoiding detergents, yet faltered at the therapeutic‐pivotal membrane proteins, which have been tackled by classical approaches and are known for decades refractory to single‐phase aqueous or organic denaturants. Hydrophobicity and aggregation commonly challenge tissue and cell lysates, biofluids, and enriched samples. Frequently, expected membrane proteins and peptides are not identified by shotgun bottom‐up proteomics, let alone robust quantitation. This review argues the cause of this proteomic crisis is not detergents per se, but the choice of detergents. Recently, inclusion of compatible detergents for membrane protein extraction and digestion has revealed stark improvements in both quantitative and structural proteomics. This review analyzes detergent properties behind recent proteomic advances, and proposes that rational use of detergents may reconcile outstanding membrane proteomics dilemmas, enabling ultradeep coverage and minimal artifacts for robust protein and endogenous PTM measurements. The simplicity of detergent tools confers bottom‐up membrane proteomics the sophistication toward precision medicine.
Oligomeric bisphenol A‐based PEEK‐like phthalonitrile‐cure and polymer properties
Authors: Keller Teddy M. , Dominguez Dawn D. , Laskoski Matthew
Published: September 2016

The cure behavior and properties of oligomeric bisphenol A‐based PEEK‐like phthalonitrile (PN) are thoroughly examined in this article. The resin is easily processed from the melt at a relatively low temperature (150–200 °C) and the monomer cure occurs in a controlled manner as a function of the amine content and processing thermal conditions. Dynamic mechanical measurements and thermogravimetric analysis show that the polymer properties improve as the maximum PN postcure temperature is increased to 415 °C. The effects of the amine and polymer postcure conditions on the flexural and tensile properties of the PN polymer are investigated. The mechanical properties of the polymer are maximized after postcuring to moderate temperatures (330–350 °C). The polymer exhibits an average flexural strength and tensile strength at break of 117 and 71 MPa, respectively. After oxidative aging at 302 °C for 100 h, the polymer retains excellent mechanical properties. The average flexural and tensile strength retention of the polymers are 81 and 75%, respectively. Microscale calorimetric measurements reveal that the flammability parameters of the oligomeric PN are low compared to other thermosets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3769–3777
Flash DSC crystallization study for blown film grade bimodal HDPE resins. I. Isothermal kinetics and its application of the blown film modeling
Authors: Treviño‐Quintanilla Cecilia D. , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Bonilla‐Ríos Jaime
Published: September 2016

Isothermal ultra‐cooling crystallization tests were conducted on three blown film grade bimodal HDPE resins using an ultrafast scanning calorimeter, the Flash DSC. Isothermal tests were performed to study the regime transition, the thermal nucleation and the spherulitical growth using the Hoffman‐Lauritzen theory in a range between 90 °C and 116 °C. Temperature profile estimations using such data were in good agreement with actual blown film process data. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2425–2431
A Comparison of Continuum and Kinetic Simulations of Moderate pd Microplasmas Integrated With High Secondary Yield Cathodes
Authors: Verma Abhishek Kumar , Alamatsaz Arghavan , Venkattraman Ayyaswamy
Published: September 2016

The computational techniques commonly used for low‐temperature plasma simulations are compared in the context of modeling microplasmas driven by cathodes with high secondary electron emission coefficient. Simulations of 100 µm argon microplasmas operating at pressures of 100 Torr and secondary electron emission coefficient of 0.1 are performed using particle‐in‐cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC‐MCC), and fluid model using the full‐momentum equations for both electrons and ions. Results obtained for plasma density, potential, electric field, and electron temperature using continuum simulations are compared with the PIC‐MCC simulations as benchmark. The comparison demonstrates significant discrepancies and a need to calibrate continuum simulation parameters based on kinetic simulations.
Solution structure of protein synthesis initiation factor 1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hu Yanmei , Bernal Alejandra , Bullard James M. , Zhang Yonghong
Published: September 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen and a primary cause of nosocomial infection in humans. The rate of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa is increasing worldwide leading to an unmet need for discovery of new chemical compounds distinctly different from present antimicrobials. Protein synthesis is an essential metabolic process and a validated target for the development of new antibiotics. Initiation factor 1 from P. aeruginosa (Pa‐IF1) is the smallest of the three initiation factors that act to establish the 30S initiation complex during initiation of protein biosynthesis. Here we report the characterization and solution NMR structure of Pa‐IF1. Pa‐IF1 consists of a five‐stranded β‐sheet with an unusual extended β‐strand at the C‐terminus and one short α‐helix arranged in the sequential order β1‐β2‐β3‐α1‐β4‐β5. The structure adopts a typical β‐barrel fold and contains an oligomer‐binding motif. A cluster of basic residues (K39, R41, K42, K64, R66, R70, and R72) located on the surface of strands β4 and β5 near the short α‐helix may compose the binding interface with the 30S subunit.
Electrochemical properties and optical transmission of high Li+ conducting LiSiPON electrolyte films
Authors: Su Yurong , Falgenhauer Jane , Leichtweiß Thomas , Geiß Matthias , Lupó Christian , Polity Angelika , Zhou Shengqiang , Obel Jaroslava , Schlettwein Derck , Janek Jürgen , Meyer Bruno K.
Published: September 2016

Lithium silicon phosphorus oxynitride (LiSiPON) thin films with different compositions have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering in N2 by using three targets xLi2SiO3 · (1 − x) Li3PO4 with x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5. Compared with LiPON, the electrical properties of LiSiPON have been improved by introducing silicon. LiSiPON films deposited from the target 0.5Li2SiO3 · 0.5Li3PO4 yield the highest ionic conductivity of up to 9.7 × 10−6 S cm−1 with an activation energy of only 0.41 eV. The main mechanism for increasing ionic conductivity is the enhancement of carrier mobility. By DC polarization measurements the electronic partial conductivity was found at least seven orders of magnitude smaller than the ionic conductivity. Linear voltammetry results showed that the LiSiPON films are electrochemically stable in contact with stainless steel in the voltage range of 0–6 V. The substitution of silicon for phosphorus in the film evidenced from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated silicon in the film will create more abundant cross‐linking structures Si–O–P and (P, Si)–N < (P, Si), hence created more Li+ conducting paths which favored the higher mobility of lithium ions and larger ionic conductivity. The optical bandgap was found to decrease with increasing silicon content. We demonstrate that the prepared LiSiPON films with their larger ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity may serve as an alternative to LiPON for applications in high energy density and high voltage lithium batteries.
Magnetic–crystallographic p,T‐phase diagram of Fe1.141Te: A high‐pressure neutron diffraction study
Authors: Jørgensen Jens‐Erik , Hansen Thomas Christian
Published: September 2016

The crystal and magnetic structures of Fe1.141Te have been studied by neutron powder diffraction in the temperature range from 5 to 106 K and pressures in the range from ambient to ≈2.7 GPa. The p,T‐phase diagram contains three phases with monoclinic, orthorhombic, and tetragonal symmetry. The monoclinic phase was found to be stable for T ≲ 57 K and p < 0.4 GPa while the orthorhombic phase is stable for T ≲ 63 K and 0.4 ≲ p ≲ 2.16 GPa. The tetragonal phase is stable at high temperatures and becomes stable down to the lowest measured temperatures for p > 2.16 GPa. The monoclinic phase shows commensurate bicollinear antiferromagnetic order with propagation vector k = (½ 0 ½), while the orthorhombic phase is incommensurately antiferromagnetically ordered with propagation vector k = (½‐δ 0 ½). The δ−parameter increases linearly with the pressure for 0.4 ≲ p ≲ 2.16 GPa. Pressure‐induced ferromagnetic order was observed in the tetragonal phase for p ≳ 2.1 GPa and temperatures less than ∼68 K, depending on the pressure.
Effect of La doping on interface barrier between Si‐passivated Ge and insulating HfO2
Authors: Kolomiiets Nadiia M. , Afanas'ev Valery V. , Madia Oreste , Cott Daire J. , Collaert Nadine , Thean Aaron , Stesmans Andre
Published: September 2016

By analyzing internal photoemission of electrons from Si/SiOx‐passivated Ge into insulating HfO2 we found that insertion of additional La interlayer between SiOx and HfO2 leads to dramatic increase (more than by factor of 20) of the barrier transparency. However, no measurable variation of the interface barrier height is observed suggesting that La induces intermixing of near‐interface oxide stack resulting in development of additional density of states corresponding to conduction band of LaOx and HfOx sub‐networks. At the same time, photoemission results indicate the presence of discrete positive charges in the near‐interface oxide layer which may explain the observed ∼1 V shift of capacitance‐voltage curves. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Near‐surface strong winds in a marine extratropical cyclone: acceleration of the winds and the importance of surface fluxes
Authors: Slater Tim P. , Schultz David M. , Vaughan Geraint
Published: September 2016

A rapidly developing extratropical cyclone named Tini brought strong winds to Ireland and the United Kingdom on 12 February 2014. A mesoscale‐model simulation is used to analyze the development of the strong winds through the terms in the horizontal momentum equation. The maximum of near‐surface wind speed equatorward of the cyclone was composed of two different airstreams that underwent different paths to acceleration. First, horizontally moving air in the cold conveyor belt was accelerated by the along‐flow pressure gradient force but was decelerated by friction. Second, descending air accelerated into the eastern end of the maximum of near‐surface wind speed and was associated, in part, with a sting jet, caused by the increasing along‐flow horizontal pressure gradient force at lower levels. When this descending air entered the boundary layer, it too was decelerated by surface friction. Surface fluxes of heat and moisture were necessary to destabilize and deepen the boundary layer, allowing mixing of the strongest winds from the free troposphere down to the surface. A simulation with the surface fluxes turned off during cyclogenesis showed a more stable boundary layer around the bent‐back front, which inhibited the strongest winds from reaching the surface. The descent of the sting‐jet air was associated with a maximum in quasigeostrophic omega, which consisted of both synoptic‐scale and mesoscale descent, the latter associated with frontolysis occurring at the end of the bent‐back front. Thus, the near‐surface wind maximum was created by the synoptic‐scale and mesoscale dynamics, whereas localized moist processes were negligible.
Theoretical study of selenium and tellurium impurities in (ZnO)6 clusters using DFT and TDDFT
Authors: Bensiradj Nour El Houda , Saal Amar , Dekhira Azeddine , Ouamerali Ourida
Published: September 2016

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in various fields including optoelectronics, glass industries, and solar cells. These compounds hold the promise of creating new materials that can advance energy technologies. In this work, a series of (ZnO)6 clusters with selenium and tellurium applied as substitutional impurities has been studied. The investigated structures have been produced through the doping of (ZnO)6 clusters by replacing an oxygen atom with a selenium or a tellurium atom at each time. The ground state geometric parameters of (ZnO)6 structures, containing selenium or tellurium atoms as substitutional impurities, were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP and LanL2DZ basis set. Excited state energies and absorption wavelengths were computed using time‐dependent‐DFT (TDDFT). For the calculation of emission wavelengths, Hartree–Fock configuration interaction singles (HF/CIS) has been used in order to perform the excited state geometry optimization. This work led to some important results that can be helpful for developing novel THz sensitive materials and imaging detectors that may be an alternative to x‐rays detectors for radiology as well as for the development of solar cells and electroluminescent diodes. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have attracted growing interest due to their potential applications in many technological fields, including optoelectronics, the glass industry, and energy. The presence of impurities, in particular selenium and tellurium, in ZnO‐based clusters can affect their structural and spectroscopic properties. Some of these doped nanostructures have favorable Terahertz emission characteristics that make them good candidates for applications in biology and medicine.
Robust weighted fusion Kalman estimators for multisensor systems with multiplicative noises and uncertain‐covariances linearly correlated white noises
Authors: Liu Wen‐Qiang , Wang Xue‐Mei , Deng Zi‐Li
Published: September 2016

This paper addresses the design of robust weighted fusion Kalman estimators for a class of uncertain multisensor systems with linearly correlated white noises. The uncertainties of the systems include the same multiplicative noises perturbations both on the systems state and measurement output and the uncertain noise variances. The measurement noises and process noise are linearly correlated. By introducing two fictitious noises, the system under consideration is converted into one with only uncertain noise variances. According to the minimax robust estimation principle, based on the worst‐case systems with the conservative upper bounds of the noise variances, the four robust weighted fusion time‐varying Kalman estimators are presented in a unified framework, which include three robust weighted state fusion estimators with matrix weights, diagonal matrix weights, scalar weights, and a modified robust covariance intersection fusion estimator. The robustness of the designed fusion estimators is proved by using the Lyapunov equation approach such that their actual estimation error variances are guaranteed to have the corresponding minimal upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. The accuracy relations among the robust local and fused time‐varying Kalman estimators are proved. The corresponding robust local and fused steady‐state Kalman estimators are also presented, a simulation example with application to signal processing to show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.