bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Distress and Health
Authors: Şahin Hande , Erkal Sibel
Published: May 2015

The fundamental socio-economic effects of economic crises on societies are decreasing income, unemployment and hence, negative progress of living standards, increasing income inequality and poverty. According to the Commission on Social Determinants of Health Report of World Health Organization, crises adversely affect many social determinants of health and thus threat health in many aspects. An important part of overall psychological well-being is satisfaction with various aspects of life. One of those domains is one's financial situation. Financial distress has been described as judgments about and responses to one's financial condition. Financial distress is a subjective phenomenon. Two individuals with the same levels of income and economic resources may have different levels of perceived financial distress. Financial distress can result in or result from poor health, or both. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between financial distress and health.
Is Technical Analysis Profitable even for an Amateur Investor?
Authors: Evangelos Vasileiou
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to examine if even the simplest trading rules could take advantage of the market's inefficiency and lead to profitable trading decisions. For this reason, this study examined the profitability of the simplest trading rules, using only the simple moving averages (SMA) rules that even an amateur investor could apply. In order to examine the specific issue a data sample from the Greek stock market during the period 2002-12 was used. The results suggest that even if one takes into account the most expensive transaction fees, the trading rules signal profitable investment decisions; therefore, even an amateur trader and/or investor who does not have a significant amount of money to invest (which may lead to reduced transaction costs) could take advantage of the market's inefficiency. Behavioral finance theories may provide some useful and alternative explanations regarding some of the reasons that contribute to the Greek stock market's inefficient environment.
The Analysis of Health Care Expenses of Turkey between 1990-2012
Authors: Işik Hayriye , Akdağ Yaşar
Published: May 2015

Health is described not only as the absence of disease and disability but also as physically, psychologically, and socially general well-being of people. Best practices of individuals and the society from the health services depend on taking the correct decisions on health policies. In addition, the thought that a country spending much on health services must have a perfect status of health should not be perceived as right. Effectiveness of the spending result in the efficient practices of these services. Although there have been many institutions carrying out the health services, it has been observed that the share separated for the health from the gross domestic product in Turkey increased until 2009 but decreased as of the mentioned year and it has been stated as low compared with the other countries. In this chapter the effectiveness of Turkey's health spending between 1999 and 2012 has been analysed from this view.
Financial Development and Energy Consumption in Turkey
Authors: Çetin Murat , Ecevit Eyyup , Seker Fahri , Günaydin Davuthan
Published: May 2015

This chapter investigates the cointegration and causal relationship between financial development and energy consumption in the case of Turkey over the period 1960-2011. In doing so, the ARDL bounds testing and Johansen-Juselius approaches to cointegration and Granger causality test based on vectorerror correction model are employed. The empirical results show that the series are cointegrated. The empirical results also show a positive and statistically significant relationship between financial development and energy consumption in the long run. In addition, a unidirectional causality running from financial development to energy consumption is found in the short and long run. Thus, this chapter provides an empirical evidence that financial development is a determinant of energy consumption in Turkey. This chapter also presents some implications for Turkey's energy policy.
Post-Offering Operating Performance of Reverse LBOs
Authors: Gümüş Sevilay
Published: May 2015

This chapter reports on the post-offering performance of 114 US firms that went public between 2000 and 2008 following leverage buyouts. The objective of this paper is to examine accounting performance of following reverse leverage buyouts compared to the industry competitors before, at the time of, and the following four years after initial public offering. In addition to accounting performance measures, capital expenditures, working capital and employment levels are also compared to rival firms. The evidence indicates that the RLBO corporations have superior accounting performances compared to their industries exact year of IPO and following years after public offering. Also, the RLBO corporations have less operating income compared to the reverse leverage buyout firms in previous studies, but have more operating income and operating cash flows than their industry counterparts. The RLBO firms typically make less capital expenditure except the IPO year and four years after the initial public offering.
Progress in the classical biological control ofAgrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America
Authors: Bauer Leah S. , Duan Jian J. , Gould Juli R. , Van Driesche Roy
Published: May 2015

First detected in North America in 2002, the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding beetle from Asia, has killed tens of millions of ash (FraxinusLinnaeus; Oleaceae) trees. Although few parasitoids attack EAB in North America, three parasitoid species were found attacking EAB in China: the egg parasitoidOobius agriliZhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and two larval parasitoidsTetrastichus planipennisiYang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) andSpathius agriliYang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In 2007, classical biological control of EAB began in the United States of America after release of these three species was approved. In 2013, release of the larval parasitoids was approved in Canada. Research continues at study sites in Michigan, United States of America where the establishment, prevalence, and spread ofO. agriliandT. planipennisihave been monitored since 2008. However, establishment ofS. agriliremains unconfirmed in northern areas, and its release is now restricted to regions below the 40th parallel. In 2015, approval for release ofSpathius galinaeBelokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an EAB larval parasitoid from the Russian Far East, may be granted in the United States of America. Researchers are guardedly optimistic that a complex of introduced and native natural enemies will regulate EAB densities below a tolerance threshold for survival of ash species or genotypes in forested ecosystems.
Review of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), life history, mating behaviours, host plant selection, and host resistance
Authors: Poland Therese M. , Chen Yigen , Koch Jennifer , Pureswaran Deepa
Published: May 2015

As of summer 2014, the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has become established in 24 states in the United States of America and has killed tens of millions of ash trees since its introduction into Michigan in the 1990s. Considerable research has been conducted on many aspects of EAB life history, natural history, ecology, and management strategies in an attempt to contain this devastating pest. In this article, we review the life history, mating behaviours, and host plant selection by EAB in North America as well as host resistance to EAB attack.
Identification of the Inflammasome Nlrp1b as the Candidate Gene Conferring Diabetes Risk at the Idd4.1 Locus in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse
Authors: Motta Vinicius N. , Markle Janet G. M. , Gulban Omid , Mortin-Toth Steven , Liao Kuo-Chien , Mogridge Jeremy , Steward Charles A. , Danska Jayne S.
Published: May 2015

Type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse model has been linked to >30 insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) susceptibility loci. Idd4 on chromosome 11 consists of two subloci, Idd4.1 and Idd4.2. Using congenic analysis of alleles in NOD and NOD-resistant (NOR) mice, we previously defined Idd4.1 as an interval containing >50 genes that controlled expression of genes in the type 1 IFN pathway. In this study, we report refined mapping of Idd4.1 to a 1.1-Mb chromosomal region and provide genomic sequence analysis and mechanistic evidence supporting its role in innate immune regulation of islet-directed autoimmunity. Genetic variation at Idd4.1 was mediated by radiation-sensitive hematopoietic cells, and type 1 diabetes protection conferred by the NOR allele was abrogated in mice treated with exogenous type 1 IFN-β. Next generation sequence analysis of the full Idd4.1 genomic interval in NOD and NOR strains supported Nlrp1b as a strong candidate gene for Idd4.1. Nlrp1b belongs to the Nod-like receptor (NLR) gene family and contributes to inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 recruitment, and release of IL-1β. The Nlrp1b of NOR was expressed as an alternative spliced isoform that skips exon 9, resulting in a premature stop codon predicted to encode a truncated protein. Functional analysis of the truncated NOR Nlrp1b protein demonstrated that it was unable to recruit caspase-1 and process IL-1β. Our data suggest that Idd4.1-dependent protection from islet autoimmunity is mediated by differences in type 1 IFN– and IL-1β–dependent immune responses resulting from genetic variation in Nlrp1b.
Diverse Antibody Genetic and Recognition Properties Revealed following HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Immunization
Authors: Phad Ganesh E. , Vázquez Bernat Néstor , Feng Yu , Ingale Jidnyasa , Martinez Murillo Paola Andrea , O’Dell Sijy , Li Yuxing , Mascola John R. , Sundling Christopher , Wyatt Richard T. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B.
Published: May 2015

Isolation of mAbs elicited by vaccination provides opportunities to define the development of effective immunity. Ab responses elicited by current HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens display narrow neutralizing activity with limited capacity to block infection by tier 2 viruses. Intense work in the field suggests that improved Env immunogens are forthcoming, and it is therefore important to concurrently develop approaches to investigate the quality of vaccine-elicited responses at a higher level of resolution. In this study, we cloned a representative set of mAbs elicited by a model Env immunogen in rhesus macaques and comprehensively characterized their genetic and functional properties. The mAbs were genetically diverse, even within groups of Abs targeting the same subregion of Env, consistent with a highly polyclonal response. mAbs directed against two subdeterminants of Env, the CD4 binding site and V region 3, could in part account for the neutralizing activity observed in the plasma of the animal from which they were cloned, demonstrating the power of mAb isolation for a detailed understanding of the elicited response. Finally, through comparative analyses of mAb binding and neutralizing capacity of HIV-1 using matched Envs, we demonstrate complex relationships between epitope recognition and accessibility, highlighting the protective quaternary packing of the HIV-1 spike relative to vaccine-induced mAbs.
Cutting Edge: Bcl6-Interacting Corepressor Contributes to Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cell Formation and B Cell Helper Function
Authors: Yang Jessica A. , Tubo Noah J. , Gearhart Micah D. , Bardwell Vivian J. , Jenkins Marc K.
Published: May 2015

CD4+ germinal center (GC)-T follicular helper (Tfh) cells help B cells become long-lived plasma cells and memory cells. The transcriptional repressor Bcl6 plays a key role in GC-Tfh formation by inhibiting the expression of genes that promote differentiation into other lineages. We determined whether BCOR, a component of a Polycomb repressive complex that interacts with the Bcl6 BTB domain, influences GC-Tfh differentiation. T cell–targeted BCOR deficiency led to a substantial loss of peptide:MHC class II–specific GC-Tfh cells following Listeria monocytogenes infection and a 2-fold decrease following immunization with a peptide in CFA. The reduction in GC-Tfh cells was associated with diminished plasma cell and GC B cell formation. Thus, T cell–expressed BCOR is critical for optimal GC-Tfh cell differentiation and humoral immunity.
The Standardized Histogram Shift of T2 Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Signal Intensities of Nephroblastoma Does Not Predict Histopathological Diagnostic Information
Authors: Müller Sabine , David Ruslan , Marias Kostas , Graf Norbert
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study is to assess standardized histograms of signal intensities of T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) modality before and after preoperative chemotherapy for nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor). All analyzed patients are enrolled in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2001/GPOH trial. 1 The question to be answered is whether the comparison of the histograms can add new knowledge by comparing them with the histology of the tumor after preoperative chemotherapy. Twenty-three unilateral nephroblastoma cases were analyzed. All patients were examined by MRI before and after preoperative chemotherapy treatment. T2 modalities of the MRIs were selected, and histogram changes were compared to histopathological data available after surgery. Of the 23 tumors, 22 decreased in volume following chemotherapy (median –57.99%; range 15.65 to –90.82%). The preliminary results suggest that standardized histograms of signal intensities of T2 MRI in nephroblastoma is not predicting histopathological diagnostic information and has no implications for the clinical assessment for further chemotherapy.
Changes in the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Bulgaria (2006–2012)
Authors: Borissova Anna-Maria , Shinkov Alexander , Kovatcheva Roussanka , Vlahov Jordan , Dakovska Lilia , Todorov Todor
Published: May 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare two nationwide cross-sectional studies of diabetes prevalence in Bulgaria (2006 and 2012) and to assess its dynamics.

Material and Methods

The two studies included 2396 and 2033 subjects, respectively. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria were applied, and the data were weighed for type of settlement and age.

Results

Diabetes prevalence was found to be 7.9% in 2006 and 9.55% in 2012, P = 0.06, showing an increase of 20.9%. The absolute increase was 0.9% in the females and 2.3% in the males ( P < 0.09). The increase was the largest in those aged 50–59: [9.4%, 2006 vs. 15.7%, 2012, P < 0.01]. Diabetes prevalence increased in the 20–60-year olds by 6.8% and decreased in the elderly by 6.1%. Obesity increased from 26.7 to 32.7%, P < 0.02.

Conclusions

A significant increase in diabetes prevalence was found that necessitates healthcare measures and resources for community-based awareness and prevention programs.
Zinc Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial Decreased ZIP4 and ZIP8 mRNA Abundance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Adult Women
Authors: Bogale Alemtsehay , Clarke Stephen L. , Fiddler Joanna , Hambidge K. Michael , Stoecker Barbara J.
Published: May 2015

Zinc plays an integral role in numerous cellular processes including regulation of gene expression. This randomized placebo-controlled trial in adult women evaluated the effects of 20 mg Zn for 23 days. The mRNA abundance of zinc transporters ( ZnT1/ZIP3/ZIP4/ZIP8) and metallothionein ( MT1) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In paired samples ( n = 6-9), the ZIP4 ( P = 0.036) and ZIP8 ( P = 0.038) mRNA abundance decreased following zinc supplementation. ZnT1, ZIP3, and MT1 mRNA abundance did not change significantly. The mean ± standard deviation plasma zinc concentration (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) at baseline was 680 ± 110 μg/L for the zinc group ( n = 24) and 741 ± 92 μg/L for the placebo group ( n = 23). At endpoint, plasma zinc in the zinc group increased to 735 ± 80 μg/L ( P < 0.01) while in the placebo group (717 ± 100 μg/L) it did not change significantly from baseline. The change in mRNA abundance highlights the importance of further investigating ZIP4 and ZIP8 mRNA abundance as potential zinc status biomarkers.
Detection of Mixed-Species Infections of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax by Nested PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Southeastern Iran
Authors: Ehtesham Reyhaneh , Fazaeli Asghar , Raeisi Ahmad , Keshavarz Hossein , Heidari Aliehsan
Published: May 2015

Coexistence of two species of Plasmodium in a single host has disrupted the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for the diagnosis of mixed-species malaria infections in southeastern Iran. A total of 100 malaria patients were included in the study out of 164 randomly suspected symptomatic malaria patients from May to November 2012. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also used to judge the ability of microscopy versus RDT kits for detecting mixed species. The sensitivity of light microscopy for the detection of mixed-species malaria infections was 16.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3–49.1). Nested PCR revealed 12 patients with mixed-species infection. The CareStart Pv/Pf Combo kit detected 58% of the mixed-species infections, which were determined by nested PCR (sensitivity = 58.3%; 95% CI = 28.5–83.5). For identifying P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed-species infections, the concordance rates (kappa statistics) of microscopy and CareStart Pv/Pf Combo kit with nested PCR were 0.76 and 0.79, respectively (P = 0.001). This study underlines the effectiveness of RDT kits to improve the differentiation of mixed-species malaria infections in endemic areas where the prevalence of chloroquine resistance is high.
Emergence of a New Lineage of Cache Valley Virus (Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Armstrong Philip M. , Andreadis Theodore G. , Anderson John F.
Published: May 2015

Cache Valley virus (CVV; Family Bunyavidae, Genus Orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis that frequently infects humans and livestock in North and Central America. In the northeastern United States, CVV transmission is unpredictable from year-to-year and may derive from the periodic extinction and reintroduction of new virus strains into this region. To evaluate this possibility, we sequenced and analyzed numerous CVV isolates sampled in Connecticut during an 18-year period to determine how the virus population may change over time. Phylogenetic analyses showed the establishment of a new viral lineage during 2010 that became dominant by 2014 and appears to have originated from southern Mexico. CVV strains from Connecticut also grouped into numerous sub-clades within each lineage that included viruses from other U.S. states and Canada. We did not observe the development and stable persistence of local viral clades in Connecticut, which may reflect the episodic pattern of CVV transmission. Together, our data support the emergence of a new lineage of CVV in the northeastern United States and suggest extensive dispersal of viral strains in North America.
Is Jamie Oliver “Easy Peasy” in Slovene?
Authors: Lovrin Metka
Published: May 2015

The research aims to identify the idiolectal features in selected cookbooks by Jamie Oliver (The Naked Chef, Happy Days with the Naked Chef and Jamie’s Ministry of Food), and how they were rendered into Slovene by Oliver’s translators. As a theoretical basis, it relies on Koller’s three-stage model for analyzing the original and the translation. The paper also confronts the problems that arise from cultural differences between Slovene and British culture. Lexical items are layered into independent categories in the form of concentric circles to denote quantity, significance and interconnection. Within these layers, I focus on specific analysis of expressions under the influence of word-formation, pop culture, gender specific language, onomatopoeia, phonetic symbolism, deliberate inaccuracy, comparison, informal and colloquial language, and creative instances such as “the icky factor”, “childish intimacy” and “the Peter-Pan-syndrome”. The translator’s subjective point of view was also taken into consideration.
Translation as a Paradigm Shift: A Corpus Study of Academic Writing
Authors: Pisanski Peterlin Agnes
Published: May 2015

In recent decades the increasing reliance on computer technology and the emergence of electronic publishing have precipitated changes in both the production and reception of academic writing. At the same time, the dominance of English as the medium of academic communication has been asserted in all fields of study. While many scholars write their own texts in English, it is not exceptional for others to have their papers translated into English. It is interesting, however, that translation of academic discourse has received relatively little research attention so far. In the study presented here, the question how translated academic texts differ from comparable original English academic texts is addressed. To explore this question, a 700,000-word corpus comprising 104 research articles (Slovene-English translations and comparable English originals) is analyzed in terms of references to the entire text itself. The results show considerable differences between the translated texts and the comparable English-language originals.
Into the Rabbit Hole: The Realism of Simulation
Authors: Krevel Mojca
Published: May 2015

In the first half of the 1980s, at the height of the postmodernist theoretical debate, the actual literary production already showed signs of fatigue from the postmodernist dictum. Especially the works of American authors from the 1980s onwards show an increasing tendency to abandon the dead-end loops of postmodernist autoreferentiality, and to focus on various aspects of tangible reality instead. The paper argues that such practice should not be considered or theorised in terms of falling back on the great tradition of realism but rather as a necessary literary response to the mechanisms governing the changing of the epochs. My intention is to show that the allegedly realistic modes of contemporary American writing correspond to the epochal social, cultural and political changes accompanied by the rise of digital media. As such, these works effectively reflect, comment on and contribute to the contemporary reality that can no longer be adequately described or theorised about in terms of Cartesian metaphysics.
“Hungarian-Irish Parallels”: The Elevation of Mid-19th Century Nationalist Ireland through Irish-Hungarian Parallels by Young Irelanders
Authors: Pintér Márta
Published: May 2015

Although documented cultural and social contacts between Hungary and Ireland extend back to the Middle Ages, it is through a series of 19th and early-20th century writings that mutual interest by leading figures of Hungarian and Irish public life in the events of their countries is first revealed. These writings have given rise to the notion of “Hungarian-Irish national parallels”, the validity of which, however, has recently been challenged on grounds of historical accuracy. My paper examines mid-19th century works by Irish nationalists that include references to Hungary, some of which have been used so far to demonstrate Hungarian-Irish parallels. While also considering historical accuracy, I will widen the scope of my study by highlighting the ideological aspects of these references. My aim is to show that national parallels are ideological constructions which may reveal an effort of elevating one’s own nation to the level of another European nation that is viewed as a model in a given historical moment.
Classroom Politics
Authors: Želježič Mirjana
Published: May 2015

What we are faced with at present is a blatant neoliberal transformation of universities, whose social relevance depends increasingly on the ability to serve the needs of neoliberal capitalism. If we see this as a problem – as many of us do – then we also feel the need to defend (and develop) the traditional practices of universities, such as “pure” research and critical reflection on society. Yet such a response, inevitably, goes hand in hand with critique of and struggle against ideology behind capitalism itself, against the logic of competition and profit. Drawing on the legacy of Freire and Althusser, the article highlights some of the links between the English language teaching and the neoliberal politics, and gives suggestions about ways in which departments of English in general, and language classes in particular, can be a part of the socially critical forces rather than a part of the so-called liberal-progressive camp.
Examining the Differences in Assessing Quality of Translations and Acceptability of Texts
Authors: Burazer Lara
Published: May 2015

The main focus of modern Translation Studies seems to be the ever changing challenges of successful cross–cultural communication. With globalisation of society, limitations in mutual understanding are surfacing, which are usually followed by the communicator’s failure to meet the other party’s expectations. Such expectations are not only linguistically, but culturally embedded and might prove difficult to grasp for those who are not closely connected to the particular culture. Mastering linguistic abilities is an inevitable requirement and represents an important aspect of cross–cultural communication, but achieving a high level of acceptability of (translated) texts proves to be just as important, while not always directly related to the traditional linguistic aspects of the text. It requires meeting the expectations of the target audience which exceed the scope of grammar and vocabulary. Prior cultural and discoursal experience with relevant texts proves to play an important role in producing translations which meet the target audience’s expectations in terms of linguistic, but more importantly in terms of discoursal characteristics.
Prostheses, Cyborgs and Cyberspace – the Cyberpunk Trinity
Authors: Sever Staša
Published: May 2015

This article will explore three elements that have collectively become the sine qua non of our lives: prostheses, cyborgs and cyberspace. The main concern of the article is to show the close connection between the technology-saturated reality of today and the literature of cyberpunk as the prototypical representative of merging the human and the technological. This will enable us to explore the interaction between literature and reality in the formation of the cyborg of today.
Cross-Curricular Teaching: The Case of Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
Authors: Kukovec Melita
Published: May 2015

The knowledge learners acquire at school has to be applicable in practice to ensure their motivation for learning. Both cross-curricular and interdisciplinary teaching provide a meaningful way in which students can use the knowledge acquired in one context as the basis for learning in other contexts in and out of school. By using interdisciplinary teaching, the instructor can present the topics in a holistic manner: this approach therefore allows us to activate more of the learners’ senses and intelligences. Since Mathematics is one of the least liked subjects by our students, and English one of the favorite ones, the article will demonstrate how we can integrate activities addressing all types of intelligences in a language learning class to achieve the whole range of Bloom’s levels of educational objectives on the basis of a novel which includes a wealth of references to mathematics: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon, which has recently been compulsory reading in all Slovene grammar school programs.
Target Language Corpus as an Encoding Tool: Collocations in Slovene-English Translator Training
Authors: Jurko Primož
Published: May 2015

The opening part of the article discusses reasons for the lukewarm reception of language corpora in the language teaching community. The first reason is the complex syntax and rudimentary user interface of early corpora accessible in the 1990s. The second reason why corpora have witnessed a relatively slow start in language teaching is the fear of the unknown and of an unruly linguistic reality that is often at odds with rules taught at school. The practical part of the article presents a survey conducted among Slovene university students of translation. The survey focused on the effect of using a target language corpus in the course of Slovene into English translation in terms of English collocation. It found that the number of collocation errors in translation can be greatly reduced by competent use of a L2 corpus, which yields a translation with a higher level of idiomaticity.
Defining the conceptual structure of from and to
Authors: Lipovšek Frančiška
Published: May 2015

From and to differ from other prepositions of movement in two significant respects: they entail point-apprehensibility and leave the actual trajector-landmark arrangement unspecified. The difference is due to the presence of two place-functions in their conceptual structure. The first place-function is the same as the one found in the conceptual structure of at. It triggers a point-like conceptualization and is lexicalized together with the path-function. The second place-function is not specified but can be lexicalized separately. The conceptual structure with two place-functions allows for a second preposition, but can at the same time account for the unacceptability of from at and to at. The paper highlights the vagueness of the traditional definitions of from and to, arguing that what is conceptualized as a point is not the landmark but the place of location.
The “Magnet Effect” – A Powerful Source of L1 Dialect Interference in the Pronunciation of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Jurančič Petek Klementina
Published: May 2015

Wieden and Nemser (1991) carried out a study investigating the development of pronunciation of English as a foreign language in Austria. One of the main issues in this research was L1 dialect interference. Individual studies have proven that the pronunciation of a second (L2) or foreign language (FL) is not influenced only by the standard variety of the first language (L1), but also by the L1 dialect of the speaker’s place of origin (Karpf et al. 1980). Wieden and Nemser’s study wished to prove this on a larger scale. A similar study was carried out also for Slovenia (Jurančič Petek 2007). Contrastive analysis (CA) of the Slovene Standard pronunciation and English was performed as well as that of the sound systems of individual Slovene dialects and the English one. Error analysis (EA) of the obtained results showed that L1 dialect interference did not occur in the instances predicted by contrastive analysis; however the study in itself did prove the existence of such influence (“magnet effect” in vowels).
Elementary Ratiocination: Anticipating Sherlock Holmes in a Slovene Setting
Authors: Gadpaille Michelle
Published: May 2015

The paper reevaluates an obscure, German-language crime novel from the nineteenth century and its better-known English translation: Carl Adolf Streckfuss’s Das einsame Haus: nach den Tagebüchern des Herrn Professor Döllnitz: Roman (1888), translated as The Lonely House (1907). Although written in German by an author from Berlin, the novel is set on the territory of Slovenia. The paper situates the novel geographically and historically, while considering its place in the developing genres of crime and later detective fiction. Moreover, the novel’s depiction of intraethnic tension in the Slovenian village where the crime occurs will be shown to reflect the ethnic tensions on the frontiers of Austro-Hungarian territory, and to align with later trends in English detective fiction towards the use of ethnic taxonomies in constructing and solving crime.
Aspects of Evil in Traditional Murder Ballads
Authors: Kennedy Victor
Published: May 2015

Traditional, or folk, ballads deal with common themes, often “leaping” over some details of plot and character while “lingering” on others, with the result that songs passed down orally through generations often appear in many variants. This paper will examine several songs from Martin Simpson’s 1976 debut album, Golden Vanity. I will trace their historical origins and argue that even some ancient ballads still speak to audiences today.
Explicitation and Implicitation as Translation Universals and Their Occurrences in the Slovene Translations of Anglo-American Literary Texts
Authors: Mozetič Uroš
Published: May 2015

The paper examines explicitation/implicitation as one of the most prevailing occurrences in Slovene literary translation practice. Drawing on the received typology of explicitation – obligatory, optional, pragmatic and translation-inherent − the paper seeks to identify the reasons for, and consequences of, certain (in)adequate translation processes, suggesting more adequate solutions where possible. An analysis of the examples selected from the corpus of Slovene translations is introduced by a detailed discussion of the explicitation and implicitation phenomena.
From Blackboard to Blogs: Teaching English Literature in the Digital Age
Authors: Botshon Lisa
Published: May 2015

This essay explores the digitization of the English literature classroom and considers its current and future incarnations. What can web-based courses offer students and teachers of English literature? How might the use of blogs, Twitter, hypertexts, and course management systems like Blackboard, among other digital tools, change the structure and very nature of literature pedagogy? These questions are particularly important to consider as our society is transformed by digital technology and during a moment in which the internet has promised inclusivity and the  democratization of culture. Concomitantly, however, the humanities have become vulnerable in our tech-focused era and digital divides among different social groups persist in higher education. Hence, we must deliberate our adoption and adaptation of digital pedagogy with great thoughtfulness and care.
The Role of Written Corrective Feedback in Developing Writing in L2
Authors: Nagode Gabrijela Petra , Pižorn Karmen , Juriševič Mojca
Published: May 2015

Feedback plays an important role in developing L2 writing in young learners. The article provides a brief overview of the history of giving feedback and of some contemporary views within this field. Special attention is paid to cognitive perspectives, such as the influence of written corrective feedback on shortterm memory, the influence of focused and unfocused written corrective feedback on error correction, the influence of written corrective feedback on a particular category of error, the influence of direct and indirect written corrective feedback and combinations of various types of written corrective feedback, and the influence of educational background and L2 learning background on the effectiveness of written corrective feedback in terms of sociocultural perspectives. The main aim of the article is to present readers (especially teachers) with the variety of aspects of giving written corrective feedback in developing L2 writing and thus in enabling young learners to develop their L2 writing skills more effectively.
Zero-Oneness of the World: Geometries of Space and Time Between Subtext and Surface – Re-coding the Structures of Life
Authors: Radin Sabadoš Mirna
Published: May 2015

The proposal that the world is made of sequences of zeros and ones, overtly expressed in DeLillo’s early novel Ratner’s Star (1976), marks the first time in DeLillo’s fiction that he introduces the idea that the (creation of) reality is of mathematical nature. The “zero-oneness” of the world thirty odd years later, although it still may be an uncommon thought in literature, is ubiquitous in the visual arts, in film and in architecture, and binary code has become the basis of our digitally enhanced reality. Looking at DeLillo’s Millennial novels, this paper seeks to explore models of the space-time continuum of the fictional reality that DeLillo constructs; focusing on Ratner’s Star as a literary exploration of a three-dimensional space and on the novel Body Artist as an investigation of the fourth dimension, pondering time, we hope to register the “sum total of one’s data” (WN) as the only palpable texture of DeLillo’s reality.
New Wave Science Fiction and the Exhaustion of the Utopian/Dystopian Dialectic
Authors: Steble Janez
Published: May 2015

The paper explores the development of the utopian and dystopian literature in the experimental and prolific period of New Wave science fiction. The genre literature of the period chiefly expressed the dissolutions of the universe, society, and identity through its formal literary devices and subject-matter, thus making it easy to arrive at the conclusion that the many SF works of J. G. Ballard’s post-apocalyptic narratives, for example, exhausted and bankrupted the utopian/dystopian dialectic. However, the article provides textual evidence from one of the most prominent authors of the New Wave and the theoretical basis to suggest the contrary, namely that the categories of utopia and dystopia had by that time reached a level of transformation unprecedented in the history of the genre. Furthermore, the paper explores the inherent qualities science fiction shares with utopian literature, and suggests that the dialogism of the science fiction novel, especially that of the New Wave, has brought about the revival of utopia and rediscovered its potential.
The New World Order and the Unmasking of the Neo-Colonial Present
Authors: Burcar Lilijana
Published: May 2015

In his dramatic sketch The New World Order Pinter exposes practices of psychological and physical abuse targeted at local people who resist neo-colonial advancements in territories directly occupied or indirectly controlled by Western hegemonic powers. Through the deployment of Pinteresque double-layered meanings conveyed through seemingly ordinary, everyday language, the drama unveils the ideological premises and operating principles of neo-colonial discourse. The paper discusses the way Pinter blasts apart a seemingly neutral Western rhetoric of humanitarian militarism, focusing on the discursive strategies by means of which neo-imperial violence, torture and massive dispossession of local populations are justified and naturalized.
Harold Pinter’s The Dumb Waiter in German: What’s Missing in Translation?
Authors: Von Paschen Renée
Published: May 2015

Several of Harold Pinter’s works have been adapted as screenplays and filmed. This paper investigates director Robert Altman’s TV movie The Dumb Waiter in comparison with the German dubbed version, Der stumme Diener, as well as the reception of Pinter’s play in German. The translation of Pinter’s dialogue into German involves stylistic aspects, such as Pinter’s dry, concise style, as well as the subliminal wit, sarcasm and irony. Humour is particularly difficult to translate, often involving compensation or transfer from one (cultural) context to another. As one of the “comedies of menace”, The Dumb Waiter employs black humour and ironic wit to create threat and dramatic tension. The unknown threat is counterbalanced by “black comic relief”. The lack of a classical German tradition of black comedy problematizes the translation of Pinter’s dialogue, while the limits of audiovisual translation add additional hurdles.
Living in Two Languages: The Challenges to English in Contemporary American Literature
Authors: Kondali Ksenija
Published: May 2015

Recognizing the importance of English in (re)negotiating culture and identity in U.S. society, numerous contemporary American authors have explored the issue of cultural and linguistic competence and performance in their writing. Supported with examples from literary texts by Sandra Cisneros, Julia Alvarez, Junot Díaz, Amy Tan, and Kiran Desai, this paper discusses the complex role of the English language in the characters’ struggle for economic and emotional survival. Frequently based on the authors’ own family background and bicultural experiences, the selected literary texts offer a realistic representation of the life lived by predominantly working-class immigrants and how they cope with the adoption and use of a new language in order to overcome language barriers, racist attitudes and social exclusion. Such an analysis ultimately highlights how a new literary thematic focus on living in two languages has affected English Studies.
Translation of Culture-Specific Items in Self-Help Literature: A Study on Domestication and Foreignization Strategies
Authors: Yılmaz-Gümüş Volga
Published: May 2015

The last two decades have witnessed a boom in self-help materials in both global and local markets. This self-help trend, growing rapidly in our modern day, should be an area of interest for Translation Studies as an increasing number of self-help materials have been translated particularly from English every year. Self-help books involve a great deal of references to the material and social culture of the original country. One of the key issues in the translation of self-help books is the choice between foreignizing and domesticating these culture-specific items. This paper aims to discuss the procedures used for the translation of culture-specific items with regard to the particular function that these books assume in the target society. The analysis on the example of Outliers, a self-help book of sorts written by Malcolm Gladwell, has shown that the translator mostly adopted foreignizing strategies in translating the text into Turkish. The study also discusses whether these foreignizing strategies contribute to the fulfillment of target-text function, which is to provide quick-fix remedies to people struggling with modern-day challenges and demands.
Modulation as Variation in Target–Language Translation Equivalence: The Case of English and Slovene
Authors: Durjava Iza
Published: May 2015

Modulation in translation theory is usually observed as a procedure involving a change in point of view in the target–language text. The paper introduces a newly modified concept of perceiving the process as variation in two or more Slovene translation equivalents corresponding to a single English collocation of the source text. The reasons or conditions for such modulation can be sought in collocations representing a loosely fixed word combination and thus often allowing variation on the syntagmatic axis, collocations as a minimum context and extended minimum context, co–text as a whole, and TL situation.
Gas and aerosol carbon in California: comparison of measurements and model predictions in Pasadena and Bakersfield
Authors: Baker K. R. , Carlton A. G. , Kleindienst T. E. , Offenberg J. H. , Beaver M. R. , Gentner D. R. , Goldstein A. H. , Hayes P. L. , Jimenez J. L. , Gilman J. B. , de Gouw J. A. , Woody M. C. , Pye H. O. T. , Kelly J. T. , Lewandowski M. , Jaoui M. , Stevens P. S. , Brune W. H. , Lin Y.-H. , Rubitschun C. L. , Surratt J. D.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Co-located measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, radiocarbon (14C), speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and OH radicals during the CalNex field campaign provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's representation of organic species from VOCs to particles. Episode average daily 23 h average 14C analysis indicates PM2.5 carbon at Pasadena and Bakersfield during the CalNex field campaign was evenly split between contemporary and fossil origins. CMAQ predicts a higher contemporary carbon fraction than indicated by the 14C analysis at both locations. The model underestimates measured PM2.5 organic carbon at both sites with very little (7% in Pasadena) of the modeled mass represented by secondary production, which contrasts with the ambient-based SOC / OC fraction of 63% at Pasadena. Measurements and predictions of gas-phase anthropogenic species, such as toluene and xylenes, are generally within a factor of 2, but the corresponding SOC tracer (2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid) is systematically underpredicted by more than a factor of 2. Monoterpene VOCs and SOCs are underestimated at both sites. Isoprene is underestimated at Pasadena and overpredicted at Bakersfield and isoprene SOC mass is underestimated at both sites. Systematic model underestimates in SOC mass coupled with reasonable skill (typically within a factor of 2) in predicting hydroxyl radical and VOC gas-phase precursors suggest error(s) in the parameterization of semivolatile gases to form SOC. Yield values (α) applied to semivolatile partitioning species were increased by a factor of 4 in CMAQ for a sensitivity simulation, taking into account recent findings of underestimated yields in chamber experiments due to gas wall losses. This sensitivity resulted in improved model performance for PM2.5 organic carbon at both field study locations and at routine monitor network sites in California. Modeled percent secondary contribution (22% at Pasadena) becomes closer to ambient-based estimates but still contains a higher primary fraction than observed.
Remote sensing of soot carbon – Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species
Authors: Schuster G. L. , Dubovik O. , Arola A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. We describe a method of using the aerosol robotic network (AERONET) size distributions and complex refractive indices to retrieve the relative proportion of carbonaceous aerosols and iron oxide minerals. We assume that soot carbon has a spectrally flat refractive index, and that enhanced imaginary indices at the 440 nm wavelength are caused by brown carbon or hematite. Carbonaceous aerosols can be separated from dust in imaginary refractive index space because 95% of biomass burning aerosols have imaginary indices greater than 0.0042 at the 675–1020 nm wavelengths, and 95% of dust has imaginary refractive indices of less than 0.0042 at those wavelengths. However, mixtures of these two types of particles can not be unambiguously partitioned on the basis of optical properties alone, so we also separate these particles by size. Regional and seasonal results are consistent with expectations. Monthly climatologies of fine mode soot carbon are less than 1.0% by volume for West Africa and the Middle East, but the southern Africa and South America biomass burning sites have peak values of 3.0 and 1.7%. Monthly-averaged fine mode brown carbon volume fractions have a peak value of 5.8% for West Africa, 2.1% for the Middle East, 3.7% for southern Africa, and 5.7% for South America. Monthly climatologies of iron oxide volume fractions show little seasonal variability, and range from about 1.1 to 1.7% for coarse mode aerosols in all four study regions. Finally, our sensitivity study indicates that the soot carbon retrieval is not sensitive to the component refractive indices or densities assumed for carbonaceous and iron oxide aerosols, and differs by only 15.4% when these parameters are altered from our chosen baseline values. The associated soot carbon absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) does not vary at all when these parameters are altered, however, because the retrieval is constrained by the AERONET optical properties.