bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity of immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing MLL–AF4 fusion protein
Authors: Jenkins Tyler W. , Downey-Kopyscinski Sondra L. , Fields Jennifer L. , Rahme Gilbert J. , Colley William C. , Israel Mark A. , Maksimenko Andrey V. , Fiering Steven N. , Kisselev Alexei F.
Published: May 2021

Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma and have demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal translocation that leads to the expression of MLL–AF4 fusion protein and confers a poor prognosis, is the major cause of infant ALL. This translocation sensitizes tumor cells to proteasome inhibitors, but toxicities of bortezomib and carfilzomib may limit their use in pediatric patients. Many of these toxicities are caused by on-target inhibition of proteasomes in non-lymphoid tissues (e.g., heart muscle, gut, testicles). We found that MLL–AF4 cells express high levels of lymphoid tissue-specific immunoproteasomes and are sensitive to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of specific immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914, even in the presence of stromal cells. Inhibition of multiple active sites of the immunoproteasomes was required to achieve cytotoxicity against ALL. ONX-0914, an inhibitor of LMP7 (ß5i) and LMP2 (ß1i) sites of the immunoproteasome, and LU-102, inhibitor of proteasome ß2 sites, exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity. Treatment with ONX-0914 significantly delayed the growth of orthotopic ALL xenograft tumors in mice. T-cell ALL lines were also sensitive to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ONX-0914. This study provides a strong rationale for testing clinical stage immunoproteasome inhibitors KZ-616 and M3258 in ALL.
Observing deep radiomics for the classification of glioma grades
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuma , Miyake Mototaka , Takahashi Masamichi , Hamamoto Ryuji
Published: May 2021

Deep learning is a promising method for medical image analysis because it can automatically acquire meaningful representations from raw data. However, a technical challenge lies in the difficulty of determining which types of internal representation are associated with a specific task, because feature vectors can vary dynamically according to individual inputs. Here, based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of gliomas, we propose a novel method to extract a shareable set of feature vectors that encode various parts in tumor imaging phenotypes. By applying vector quantization to latent representations, features extracted by an encoder are replaced with a fixed set of feature vectors. Hence, the set of feature vectors can be used in downstream tasks as imaging markers, which we call deep radiomics. Using deep radiomics, a classifier is established using logistic regression to predict the glioma grade with 90% accuracy. We also devise an algorithm to visualize the image region encoded by each feature vector, and demonstrate that the classification model preferentially relies on feature vectors associated with the presence or absence of contrast enhancement in tumor regions. Our proposal provides a data-driven approach to enhance the understanding of the imaging appearance of gliomas.
Detection of urinary microRNA biomarkers using diazo sulfonamide-modified screen printed carbon electrodes
Authors: Smith Daniel A. , Simpson Kate , Lo Cicero Matteo , Newbury Lucy J. , Nicholas Philip , Fraser Donald J. , Caiger Nigel , Redman James E. , Bowen Timothy
Published: May 2021

In this study we have developed an electrochemical microRNA biosensor sensitive to 17 fM and capable of detecting an established downregulation of urinary miR-192 in diabetic kidney disease patients.
A fluorescence nanoprobe for detecting the effect of different oxygen and nutrient conditions on breast cancer cells’ migration and invasion
Authors: Zhou Ping , Liu Bo , Luan Mingming , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: May 2021

A two-color fluorescent nanoprobe was developed and used for detecting changes in cell migration and invasion under different oxygen and nutrition conditions.
Controllable synthesis of the defect-enriched MoO3−x nanosheets as an effective visible-light photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Yu Xiang , Liu Huan , Lian Xinyi , Shang Bin , Zhan Yue , Fan Tingting , Chen Zhou , Yi Xiaodong
Published: May 2021

A facile and practical approach for the synthesis of ultrathin MoO3−x nanosheets is developed. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of MoO3−x nanosheets can be attributed to the nanosheet morphology and high concentration of Mo5+ defect.
Polysaccharides from Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller inhibit cell proliferation via activating MAPK signaling in A549 and H1650 cells
Authors: Yang Juan Juan , Wang Ye Hua , Yin Jiao , Leng Hong , Shen Song dong
Published: May 2021

H2O2 has recently been reported to cause a significant increase in the production and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is closely correlated with lung cancer metastasis.
Evaluation of the digestion and transport profiles and potential immunocompetence of puerarin and its acylated derivatives
Authors: Mo Lan , Zhao Guang-lei , Li Xiao-feng , Xiao Xing-long , He Ning , Ma Juan-juan , Yu Yi-gang
Published: May 2021

Acylation has become one of the most widely used methods to improve the lipid solubility and bioavailability of flavonoids.
Trifluoromethylselenolation and N-acylation of indoles with [Me4N][SeCF3]
Authors: Tan Kai-Li , Wang Hao-Nan , Dong Tao , Zhang Cheng-Pan
Published: May 2021

A one-pot oxidative trifluoromethylselenolation/N-acylation of indoles with the nucleophilic [Me4N][SeCF3] reagent in the presence of acyl peroxides or their derivatives is disclosed.
An unusual reaction mode of 1-phenylpyrazolidinones toward diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones featuring cascade C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bond cleavage
Authors: Wang Muhua , Zhang Linghua , Chen Xi , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: May 2021

Herein, a novel synthesis of pyrazolidinone fused 1,3-benzooxazepine derivatives via a formal [4 + 3] annulation reaction of 1-phenylpyrazolidinones with diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones is presented.
[3 + 1 + 1] cyclization of vinyl oxiranes with azides and CO by tandem palladium catalysis: efficient synthesis of oxazolidinones
Authors: Gu Zheng-Yang , Xia Ji-Bao
Published: May 2021

An efficient [3 + 1 + 1] cyclization of vinyl oxiranes for the synthesis of oxazolidinones has been developedviatandem palladium catalysis.
Photoinitiated stereoselective direct C(sp2)–H perfluoroalkylation and difluoroacetylation of enamides
Authors: Zhao Kai , Guo Jing-Yu , Guan Ting , Wang Ying-Xue , Tao Ji-Yu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Qing-Hong , Ni Kun , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: May 2021

Photoinitiated regio- and stereoselective C(sp2)–H perfluoroalkylation and difluoroacetylation of enamides are developed, furnishing biologically and physiologically privileged fluoro-containing enamide scaffolds.
Enhanced simultaneous adsorption of As(iii), Cd(ii), Pb(ii) and Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution using cassava root husk-derived biochar loaded with ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Tho P. T. , Van Huu Tap , Nguyen Lan Huong , Hoang Trung Kien , Ha Tran Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Tuyet , Hanh Nguyen Thi Bich , Nguyen Van Quang , Le Sy Hung , Thai Van Nam , Tran Quoc Ba , Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen , Asadpour Robabeh , Thang Phan Quang
Published: May 2021

This study presents the modification of cassava root husk-derived biochar (CRHB) with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the simultaneous adsorption of As(iii), Cd(ii), Pb(ii) and Cr(vi).
3-Decalinoyltetramic acids from kiwi-associated fungus Zopfiella sp. and their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Yi Xue-Wen , He Juan , Sun Li-Tang , Liu Ji-Kai , Wang Guo-Kai , Feng Tao
Published: May 2021

Four rare 3-decalinoyltetramic acid derivatives, zofielliamides A–D (1–4), were obtained from cultures of kiwi-associated fungus Zopfiella sp.
Synthesis, structures, and catalytic efficiency in ring opening polymerization of rac-lactide with tridentate vs. bidentate cobalt(ii), zinc(ii), and cadmium(ii) complexes containing N-substituted N,N-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)amine ligands
Authors: Choe Solhye , Lee Hyosun , Nayab Saira
Published: May 2021

Co(ii), Zn(ii), and Cd(ii) complexes supported by bis-pyrazolyl ligands were applied to the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide to produce heterotactic polylactides (PLAs) with superior heterotactic bias i.e. Pr up to 0.94 at −25 °C.
Effect of heteroatoms on the optical properties and enzymatic activity of N-doped carbon dots
Authors: Lee Ahyun , Yun Sohee , Kang Eun Soo , Kim Jung Wan , Park Jeong Ho , Choi Jin-sil
Published: May 2021

The characteristics ofN-CDssuitable for their optical applications or for use as nanozymes were demonstrated by rationalizing the relationship between the dopant content (e.g., the amount of doped N and types of chemical bonding) and physicochemical properties.
Electro-catalytic membrane reactors for the degradation of organic pollutants – a review
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Bahadur Nupur , Cretin Marc , Kong Lingxue , O'Dell Luke A. , Merenda Andrea , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: May 2021

Electro-catalytic membrane reactor exhibiting electro-oxidation degradation of organic pollutants on anodic membrane.
Ortho-aryl substituted DPEphos ligands: rhodium complexes featuring C–H anagostic interactions and B–H agostic bonds
Authors: Race James J. , Burnage Arron L. , Boyd Timothy M. , Heyam Alex , Martínez-Martínez Antonio J. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Weller Andrew S.
Published: May 2021

Rh(i) complexes of ortho-substituted DPEphos-R (R = H, Me, OMe, iPr) ligands show anagostic interactions; for R =iPr C–H activation/dehydrogenative borylation forms a product exhibiting both B–H/Rh 3c-2e agostic and C–H/Rh anagostic motifs.
Hierarchical dual-nanonet of polymer nanofibers and supramolecular nanofibrils for air filtration with a high filtration efficiency, low air resistance and high moisture permeation
Authors: Hu Maorui , Wang Yifei , Yan Zhifeng , Zhao Guodong , Zhao Yixia , Xia Lei , Cheng Bowen , Di Youbo , Zhuang Xupin
Published: May 2021

Hierarchical dual-nanonets are fabricated through self-assembly of supramolecular nanofibrils onto solution-blown PAN nanofiber mat, demonstrating high porosity, small pore size, high filtration efficiency and boosted moisture permeation.
Interfacial regulation of dendrite-free zinc anodes through a dynamic hydrophobic molecular membrane
Authors: Hao Xin , Hu Jiugang , Zhang Zongju , Luo Yuqing , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: May 2021

A DHM acts as a resistor to regulate the distribution and reduction rates of zinc species, thus refining grains and facilitating the formation of dendrite-free zinc anodes to improve battery cycle stability.
Hierarchical confinement of PtZn alloy nanoparticles and single-dispersed Zn atoms on COF@MOF-derived carbon towards efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Guo Yu , Yang Shuai , Xu Qing , Wu Ping , Jiang Zheng , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: May 2021

A COF@MOF-derived catalyst has been synthesized for the first time. Pt–Zn intermetallic nanoparticles and atomic Zn distributions were supported on hollow carbons. The catalyst displayed high activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction.
Crystalline thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-dioxide-diyl bridged molecular gyrotops as fluorescent dielectric materials
Authors: Hayashi Daiki , Inagaki Yusuke , Setaka Wataru
Published: May 2021

Fluorescent dielectric materials that show solid-state fluorescence and dielectric relaxation in the crystalline state were realized using thienothiophene-dioxide-bridged macrocage compounds.
Progress of zinc oxide‐based nanocomposites in the textile industry
Authors: Huang Ruihang , Zhang Siyang , Zhang Wen , Yang Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

Textile materials have been enriched in function at the composite level with continuous developments in the textile industry. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) are strongly influenced by ultraviolet (UV) filter, antifungal, high catalysis, and semiconductor/piezoelectric coupling characteristics. Therefore, the antibacterial property and UV resistance of ZnO‐NP materials are zcomprehensively analysed to provide a basis for applying ZnO‐NP in the textile industry. In addition, the textile preparation and application of ZnO‐NP in piezoelectric power generation is discussed. Based on relevant documents for ZnO‐textile industry applications, scanning electron microscopy analysis, biological activity analysis, and UV transmittance analysis of textiles containing composite materials prove that textiles based on ZnO‐based composite materials (ZnO‐NP materials) have antibacterial properties and UV resistance. The antibacterial property and UV resistance of ZnO‐NP materials are analysed comprehensively to provide a basis for applying ZnO‐NP in the textile industry. After the photocatalytic reaction, its practical application as slurry type suspensions is limited because of the difficulty of separating the catalyst particles. In terms of its piezoelectric power generation characteristics, intensity of current voltage analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis reveal that textiles based on ZnO‐NP materials have obvious semiconductor characteristic and obvious current enhancement signals locally, indicating that the textiles can achieve better piezoelectric properties.
Two‐way constraint network for RGB‐Infrared person re‐identification
Authors: Zeng Haitang , Hu Weipeng , Chen Dihu , Hu Haifeng
Published: May 2021

RGB‐Infrared person re‐identification (RGB‐IR Re‐ID) is a task aiming to retrieve and match person images between RGB images and IR images. Since most surveillance cameras capture RGB images during the day and IR images at night, RGB‐IR Re‐ID is helpful when checking day and night surveillance for criminal investigations. Previous related work often only extracts sharable and identity‐related features in images for identification. Few researches specifically extract and make use of features that do not have the ability to distinguish identity, e.g. identity‐unrelated features derived from background and modality. In this Letter, we propose a novel and concise RGB‐IR Re‐ID network named two‐way constraint network (TWCN). Compared with traditional Re‐ID networks, TWCN not only extracts and utilises identity‐related features but also novelly makes full use of identity‐unrelated features to improve the accuracy of the experiment. TWCN uses a reverse‐triplet loss to extract identity‐unrelated features, and proposes an orthogonal constraint to remove identity‐unrelated information from identity‐related features, which improves the purity of identity‐related features. In addition, a correlation coefficient synergy and central clustering (CCSCC) loss is introduced into TWCN to extract identity‐related features effectively. Extensive experiments have been conducted to prove our method is effective.
Infrared spectra of complex organic molecules in astronomically relevant ice matrices
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga Jeroen , Marcandalli Giulia , McClure Melissa K. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , Linnartz Harold
Published: May 2021

Context. Infrared spectroscopy of star and planet forming regions is at the dawn of a new age with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Its high resolution and unprecedented sensitivity allows us to probe the chemical complexity of planet forming regions, such as dense clouds, embedded protostars, and protoplanetary disks, both in the solid state and gas phase. In support of these observations, laboratory spectra are required to identify complex organic molecules in the ices that cover the dust grains in these regions.

Aims. This study aims to provide the necessary reference spectra to firmly detect methyl formate (HCOOCH3) in the different evolutionary stages of star and planet forming regions. Methyl formate is mixed in astronomically relevant matrices, and the peak positions, full width at half maximum, and relative band intensities are characterized for different temperatures to provide an analytical tool for astronomers.

Methods. Methyl formate was deposited at 15 Kelvin on a cryogenically cooled infrared transmissive window under high-vacuum conditions. Specifically, methyl formate was deposited pure and mixed with CO, H2CO, CH3OH, H2O, and CO:H2CO:CH3OH combined. The sample was linearly heated until all solid-state constituents were desorbed. Throughout the experiment, infrared spectra were acquired with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in the range from 4000 to 500 cm−1 (2.5–20 μm) at a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm−1.

Results. We present the characterization of five solid-state methyl formate vibrational modes in pure and astronomically relevant ice matrices. The five selected vibrational modes, namely the C=O stretch (5.804 μm), the C−O stretch (8.256 μm), CH3 rocking (8.582 μm), O−CH3 stretching (10.98 μm), and OCO deformation (13.02 μm), are best suited for a JWST identification of methyl formate. For each of these vibrational modes, and each of the mixtures the temperature versus spectra heatmaps, peak position versus full width at half maximum and relative band intensities are given. All spectra are publicly available on the Leiden Ice Database. Additionally, the acquired reference spectra of methyl formate are compared with archival Spitzer observations of HH 46. A tentative detection of methyl formate provides an upper limit to the column density of 1.7 × 1017 cm−2, corresponding to an upper limit relative to water of ≤2.2% and ≤40% with respect to methanol.
‘Oumuamua as a light sail: Evidence against artificial origin
Authors: Curran S. J.
Published: May 2021

‘Oumuamua, the first detected interstellar visitor to the Solar System, exhibits non-gravitational acceleration in its trajectory. In ruling out other means of propulsion, such as the evaporation of material via a cometary tail, it has been argued that radiation pressure is responsible for this acceleration. From this (a = 5 × 10−6 m s−2), the mass of the object must be approximately 4 × 104 kg, and given its dimensions, ‘Oumuamua must have a thickness of ≲1 mm if of a similar rock and iron composition as the Earth. This raises the much publicised possibility that ‘Oumuamua is artificial in origin and intentionally sent across interstellar space by an alien civilisation. This conclusion, however, relies upon the common misapprehension that light (solar) sails can accelerate to a considerable fraction of the speed of light, permitting rapid interstellar travel. We show that such speeds are unattainable for conceptual man-made sails and that, based upon its observed parameters, ‘Oumuamua would require half a billion years just to travel to our Solar System from its closest likely system of origin. These cosmological timescales make it very unlikely that this is a probe sent by an alien civilisation.
Accuracy and Reliability of Pulse O2 Saturation Measured by a Wrist-worn Oximeter
Authors: Hermand Eric , Coll Clemence , Richalet Jean-Paul , Lhuissier Francois J.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the Garmin Forerunner 245 heart rate (HR) and pulse O2 saturation (SpO2) sensors compared with electrocardiogram and medical oximeter, from sea level to high altitude. Ten healthy subjects underwent five tests in normoxia and hypoxia (simulated altitudes from 3000 to 5500 m), consisting in a 5-min rest phase, followed by 5-min of mild exercise. Absolute error (±10 bpm for HR and ±3% for SpO2, around criterion) and intraclass correlations (ICC) were calculated. Error rates for HR remained under 10%, except at 3000 m, and ICCs evidenced a good reliability between Garmin and criterion. Overall SpO2 was higher than criterion (P<0.001) with a >50% error rate (>80% above 4800 m), and a poor reliability with criterion. The Garmin device displayed acceptable HR data at rest and exercise for all altitudes, but failed to provide trustworthy SpO2 values, especially at high altitude, where a pronounced arterial O2 desaturation could lead to acute mountain sickness in hypoxia-sensitive subjects, and its life-threatening complications; moreover, readings of overestimated SpO2 values might induce trekkers into further hazardous behavior by pursuing an ascent while being already at risk. Therefore, its use to assess SpO2 should be proscribed in altitude for acclimatization evaluation.
Association Between Urinary Stress Incontinence and Levator Avulsion Detected by 3D Transperineal Ultrasound
Authors: Zhong Chunyan , Hu Pan , Ran Suzhen , Tang Jing , Xiao Chunmei , Lin Yun , Zhang Xiaohang , Rong Yao , Liu Mingbo
Published: May 2021

Purpose To determine the association between levator avulsion and urinary stress incontinence (USI) by 3/4D transperineal ultrasound.

Materials and Methods 842 patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2016 to 2019 were recruited for our study. 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound was performed. After standard interview and clinical evaluation, general conditions and levator hiatus data were collected and measured to compare with each group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms or ultrasound features with levator avulsion were calculated.

Results A total of 593 women were studied: 204 suffered from levator avulsion (96 cases of left-side avulsion, 80 cases of right-side avulsion and 28 cases of bilateral avulsion) and 389 women had no avulsion. The gravidity and episiotomy conditions of the avulsion groups were significantly different from the no-avulsion group. Significant differences were found in the transverse diameters and anteroposterior diameters between the levator avulsion group and the no-avulsion group, but there was no difference among the avulsion groups, regardless of whether the patient was at rest or performing the Valsalva maneuver. Interestingly, a significant difference was found in the presence of USI symptoms between the uni-avulsion group and the no-avulsion group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms in the uni-avulsion group is 2.786 (95 %CI, 1.663–4.669), but 0.939 (95 %CI, 0.276–3.199) for the bilateral avulsion and no-avulsion groups.

Conclusion Unilateral levator avulsion may be a risk factor for urinary stress incontinence.
New Phosphorylating Agents for the Synthesis of Phosphatidyl­ethanolamines
Authors: Okauchi Tatsuo , Tsubaki Kouta , Yamanaka Tomoki , Hisamitsu Takuya , Shimooka Hirokazu , Kitamura Mitsuru
Published: May 2021

The preparation of three novel phosphorylating agents and their application toward the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamines is described. These reagents are stable to air and moisture, and phosphorylate glycerols in good yield. The experimental procedures using these phosphorylating agents are simple. Moreover, the appropriate reagent can be selected based on the desired functional groups of the targeted phosphatidylethanolamine.
Serum Concentration of Myelin Basic Protein as a Prognostic Marker in Mild-to-moderate Head Injury Patients: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Singh Ashvamedh , Singh Kulwant , Sahu Anurag , Prasad R. S. , Pandey N. , Dhar Sambuddha
Published: May 2021

Objective To estimate the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) and look for its validity in outcome prediction among mild-to-moderate head injury patients.

Materials and Methods It was a prospective study done at the Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University from Jan 2018 to July 2019. All patients who presented to us within 48 hours of injury with mild-to-moderate head injury with apparently normal CT brain were include in the study. The serum sample were collected on the day of admission and 48 hours later, and patients were treated with standard protocols and observed 6 months postdischarge.

Results Of the 32 patients enrolled, we observed mean MBP level was higher for severity of brain damage, but not associated with age, mode of injury, and radiological diagnosis. Mean MBP levels were not statistically associated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission but was correlated to outcome with p < 0.05, with sensitivity of 50% and specificity 72%, that is, patients with good outcome have lower mean MBP levels.

Conclusion MBP as per our analysis can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with head injury. It is not the absolute value rather a trend showing rise in serum MBP levels, which carries a significant value in outcome prediction.
Clinical, Surgical and Outcome Predictive Factor Analysis of Operated Acute Subdural Hematoma Cases: A Retrospective Study of 114 Operated Cases at Tertiary Centre
Authors: Singh Rahul , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Singh Kulwant , Sahu Anurag , Pandey Nityanand
Published: May 2021

Objective To analyze clinical, surgical and outcome predictive factors of operated acute subdural hematoma (SDH) cases for prognostication and surgical outcome prediction.

Material and Methods This retrospective study includes 114 patients operated for acute SDH in the Department of Neurosurgery of IMS BHU, Varanasi, India, a tertiary care center, between 1 August 2018 and 1 November 2019. Each patient was evaluated for age, sex, mode of injury, localization of hematoma, clinical presentation, comorbidity, severity of injury, best motor response, CT findings, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge. The outcome was also evaluated by further making a dichotomized group using GOS in death/dependent (1–3) versus independent (4–5). Statistical tests were done using the GraphPad Prism version 8.3.0.

Results The most common age group operated upon in this study was the 40 to 60 years age group (n = 45, 39.48%). Males were 78% with male to female ratio of 3.56:1. The most common clinical presentation was altered sensorium (98.25%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (n = 32, 28.07%). GCS at admission, severity of injury, pupillary changes, and best motor response (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with surgical outcome.

Conclusion GCS at admission, severity of injury, pupillary changes, and best motor response were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with surgical outcome. Age and gender of patients were not found to be significantly associated.
Placenta Previa Accreta Spectrum: Cesarean Hysterectomy
Authors: Takeda Satoru , Takeda Jun , Murayama Yoshihiko
Published: May 2021

When cesarean hysterectomy is scheduled in cases of placenta previa accreta/increta/percreta, it is necessary that the departments of obstetrics, anesthesiology, blood transfusion, urology, and radiology hold a preoperative conference to assure full preparation for the surgery. A ureteral stent inserted just before cesarean section serves as a marker. A uterine incision should be made at a site free of placental contact. The presence/absence of bladder invasion by villi, adhesions, and the degree of vascularization greatly influence the amount of bleeding, and bleeding control is a key point. For prevention of massive hemorrhage, methods of blood flow blockage, such as balloon occlusion catheterization of the aorta or common iliac artery, should be considered. Stored autologous blood and Cell Saver should be prepared. When hysterectomy is performed with the placenta left in situ, handling of the elongated cardinal ligament, ureteric injury, and bladder injury are important issues because the lower uterine segment is enlarged with the placenta. If blood flow is not blocked, separation of the bladder at the area of placenta percreta should be performed as the last step, to reduce bleeding (Pelosi's method). At this time, after handling of the cardinal ligament, bladder separation can be performed more safely if the posterior vaginal wall is incised and exposed first.

In cases of placenta accreta or partial placenta accreta/increta/percreta, a diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta may not be obtained until separation of the placenta is performed. If bleeding from the placental separation surface cannot be controlled, total hysterectomy should be performed without hesitation.
An Examination of Asymmetry in Adult Tympanometric Measures
Authors: Stuart Andrew , Tomaszewski Emma K. , Engelhardt Baylee M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background During audiologic evaluations, an examination of interaural asymmetry is commonly evaluated. To date, however, interaural differences for tympanometric indices have not been reported for adults. Without documented tympanometric right-left
differences, one cannot determine if asymmetries are normal or are indicative of significant clinical asymmetries. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate interaural asymmetries in peak compensated static acoustic admittance (Ytm), equivalent ear canal
volume (Vea), tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), and tympanometric width (TW) in normal adults. Research Design Descriptive, correlational, and inferential measures designs were employed. Study Sample Participants were 188 otologically normal Caucasian
young adults (i.e., 77 females and 111 males; M = 23.0 years, standard deviation [SD] = 2.7, range = 18‐30 years). Data Collection and Analyses Ytm, Vea, TPP, and TW measures were obtained bilaterally from
an admittance tympanogram using a 226 Hz probe tone. Separate two-factor mixed measures analysis of variance examined the effect of ear and sex for each tympanometric index. Correlation analyses examined the association between right and left ear indices. Interaural differences in tympanometric
indices were examined with independent t-tests. Critical differences, for deciding if two tympanometric indices are different between ears, were computed from the standard deviations of the right‐left ear difference for statistical confidence levels of 85, 90, 95, and 99%.
Results The effect of ear was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) on any tympanometric index. Females had significantly lower Ytm and smaller Vea measures than males (p < 0.05). Correlations between all
right and left tympanometric indices were positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in interaural differences for any of the tympanometric indices as a function of sex (p > 0.05). Critical
differences, for confidence levels for 85% to 99% confidence ranged from ± 0.20‐0.36 mmhos for Ytm, ± 0.23‐0.41 cm3 for Vea, ± 11.1‐19.8 daPa for TPP, and ± 27.2‐48.7
daPa for TW. Conclusion A clinician can use these critical differences to determine if tympanometric index interaural differences in ears of young normal Caucasian adults are statistically significant.
Bettenmanagement 4.0: Prozessoptimierung durch ganzheitliches Bettenmanagement im Krankenhaus
Authors: Otten Hubert , Jagusch Benjamin , Schnee Nico
Published: May 2021

Das Krankenhausbett ist Dreh- und Angelpunkt der stationären Leistungserbringung. Fehllagerungen, Leerzeiten, ineffizientes Reinigungs- und Instandhaltungsmanagement sowie vermeidbarer Überbestand führen zur Bindung wertvoller Ressourcen.
Stammdaten: Kein Weg führt an der Digitalisierung vorbei
Authors: Koecher Marcel
Published: May 2021

Im Rahmen einer Digitalisierungsstrategie muss der Fokus der Kliniken auf dem Aufbau vollständiger und einheitlicher Stammdaten bestehen. Die Kliniken müssen sich der Anforderung stellen, denn sie ist eine Investition in eine erfolgreiche und digitale Zukunft!
Update Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz: Nach den Bedarfsanmeldungen die Förderfähigkeit nicht durch Vergabeverstöße gefährden!
Authors: Sande Kirstin van de
Published: May 2021

Die Krankenhäuser müssen jetzt das Vergaberecht beachten, damit es später nicht zur Rückforderungen kommt – das gilt auch für private oder freigemeinnützig getragene Häuser.
The interaction between injected charges and a vortex flow in normal and superfluid helium near Τλ
Authors: Remizov I. A. , Sultanova M. R. , Levchenko A. A. , Mezhov-Deglin L. P.
Published: May 2021

The interaction between injected negative charges and vortex motion formed by standing waves with the frequency ω/2π = 49.88 Hz on the surface of normal and superfluid helium has been experimentally studied. It has been found that the vorticity generation results in the redistribution of the current at segments of a collector. A change in the trajectory of the motion of charges from a source to a receiving collector is caused by their interaction with the vortex flow of the normal component.
Phase diagram of the Potts model with the number of spin states q = 4 on a kagome lattice
Authors: Ramazanov M. K. , Murtazaev A. K. , Magomedov M. A. , Rizvanova T. R. , Murtazaeva A. A.
Published: May 2021

The magnetic structures of the ground state, phase transitions, and the thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional ferromagnetic Potts model with the number of spin states q = 4 on a kagome lattice are studied using the Wang-Landau algorithm of the Monte Carlo method, taking into account the interactions of the nearest and the next-nearest neighbors. The studies were carried out for the value of the interaction of the next-nearest neighbors in the range 0 ≤ r ≤ 1.0. It is shown that taking into account the antiferromagnetic interactions of the next-nearest neighbor leads to a violation of the magnetic ordering. A phase diagram of the dependence of the critical temperature on the value of the interaction of the next-nearest neighbor is constructed. The analysis of the character of phase transitions is carried out. It was found that in the ranges 0 ≤ r ≤ 0.5 and 0.5 ≤ r ≤ 1.0, a first-order phase transition is observed, and for r = 0.5, frustrations are observed in the system.
Additively manufactured electrodes for plasma and power-flow studies in high-power transmission lines on the 1-MA MAIZE facility
Authors: Smith T. J. , Campbell P. C. , Dowhan G. V. , Jordan N. M. , Johnston M. D. , Cuneo M. E. , Laity G. R. , McBride R. D.
Published: May 2021

Power-flow studies on the 30-MA, 100-ns Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories have shown that plasmas in the facility’s magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) and double post-hole convolute can result in a loss of current delivered to the load. To study power-flow physics on the 1-MA, 100-ns MAIZE facility at the University of Michigan, planar MITL loads and planar post-hole convolute loads have been developed that extend into the lines of sight for various imaging diagnostics on MAIZE. These loads use 3D-printed dielectric support structures lined with thin foils of either aluminum or stainless steel. The metal foils serve as the current-carrying power-flow surfaces, which generate plasma during the current pulse. The foil thickness (50 µm) and widths (11.5–16 mm) are selected to ensure a sufficient linear current density (0.5–0.7 MA/cm) for plasma formation. Laser backlighting (532 nm) and visible-light self-emission imaging capture the overall plasma evolution in the anode–cathode gaps, including the gap closure velocities (1–4 cm/μs).
The accelerated weight histogram method for alchemical free energy calculations
Authors: Lundborg M. , Lidmar J. , Hess B.
Published: May 2021

The accelerated weight histogram method is an enhanced sampling technique used to explore free energy landscapes by applying an adaptive bias. The method is general and easy to extend. Herein, we show how it can be used to efficiently sample alchemical transformations, commonly used for, e.g., solvation and binding free energy calculations. We present calculations and convergence of the hydration free energy of testosterone, representing drug-like molecules. We also include methane and ethanol to validate the results. The protocol is easy to use, does not require a careful choice of parameters, and scales well to accessible resources, and the results converge at least as quickly as when using conventional methods. One benefit of the method is that it can easily be combined with other reaction coordinates, such as intermolecular distances.
Scale-wise analysis of upward turbulent bubbly flows: An experimental study
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Kim Hyunseok , Lee Jubeom , Park Hyungmin
Published: May 2021

In this work, we investigate the upward turbulent bubbly pipe flow according to relevant length scales, to understand the bubble-induced turbulence modulation of the liquid-phase flow. Using two-phase particle image velocimetry, the bubbly flow fields in a vertical pipe (diameter of 40 mm) were obtained for Reynolds numbers (ReD) of 5300 and 44 000, while increasing the volume void fraction (bubble size of 2.5–4.5 mm) to 1.8% and 1.5%, respectively. The turbulent bubbly flow is visualized and further quantified from the decomposed flow fields (according to the length scales) using the discrete wavelet transform. At ReD = 5300, flow structures of the energy-containing scales (larger than the Taylor microscale) are energized by the disturbance from bubble surface deformation and near wake (whose scales are located close to the integral scale), resulting in the turbulence enhancement across the entire pipe. The interaction between wake vortices, sized between the integral scale and Taylor microscale, apart from the near wake also contributes to the turbulence enhancement. At higher ReD, despite the similar bubble size and void fraction, the scales of flow agitation owing to the bubble surface and the shed wake vortices become smaller, having a negligible effect on turbulence modification. However, the scale of the near wake is still large enough to enhance the turbulence at the pipe center (although it is significantly reduced toward the wall). With the highest void fraction among tested, on the other hand, the mean liquid velocity gradient becomes milder near the pipe wall, which causes a turbulence suppression locally near the wall.
Topological insulators for efficient spin–orbit torques
Authors: Han Jiahao , Liu Luqiao
Published: May 2021

Current-induced magnetic switching via spin–orbit torques has been extensively pursued for memory and logic applications with promising energy efficiency. Topological insulators are a group of materials with spin-momentum locked electronic states at the surface due to spin–orbit coupling, which can be harnessed to reach strong spin–orbit torques. In this paper, we summarize and compare the methods for calibrating the charge-spin conversion efficiency in topological insulators, with which topological insulators are identified as outstanding spin–orbit torque generators compared with the well-studied heavy metals. We then review the results of magnetic switching under reduced current density in topological insulator/ferromagnet heterostructures. Finally, we provide insights on current challenges as well as possible exploration directions in the emerging field of topological spintronics.
Unfolding spatiotemporal dynamics through symmetry reduction based on orbit topology
Authors: Wang A. Renyu , Lan B. Yueheng
Published: May 2021

Understanding key patterns in a spatially extended system is an essential task of modern physics of complex systems. Just like in low-dimensional nonlinear systems, here we show that orbit topology plays a critical role even for the investigation of spatiotemporal dynamics. First, we design a new scheme to reduce possible continuous symmetries that are prevailing in these systems based on topological consideration. The scheme is successfully demonstrated in the well-known pattern formation systems. Interesting bifurcation routes to chaos are conveniently revealed after symmetry reduction. In particular, we find that near the onset of turbulent dynamics, with an increase of instability, local phase chaos with the same spatial topological index may merge into more complex ones, while those with different indices induce defect chaos necessarily through connections docked with defects. The topological argument is so strong that the scenario presented here should be omnipresent in diverse systems.
Understanding of forming and switching mechanism using trap distribution model for ovonic threshold switch device
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Lee Jangseop , Kwak Myonghoon , Mosendz Oleksandr , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: May 2021

In this study, we investigate the electrical characteristics of a W/Si–Te–As–Ge/W ovonic threshold switch (OTS) under various conditions to reveal the origin of its forming and its effect on the subsequent threshold switching. Our results indicate that the forming of the OTS is a process of generating a metastable filamentary conductive path with a statistical nature, which leaves behind the lowest energy level of the activated trap, thereby significantly affecting the subsequent conduction as well as the dynamics of the threshold switching in the OTS. In addition, we apply a hot forming technique to control the distribution and energy level of the residual traps. By forming at elevated temperatures, the overshoot damage due to abrupt switching can be reduced. As a result, the trap distance and activation energy can be increased, the off current decreases from 54 to 7 nA (1/2 Vth read), and the threshold voltage increases from 1.5 to 1.7 V.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study on energy relaxation path of hydrogen-bonded OH vibration in bulk water
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuya
Published: May 2021

The vibrational energy relaxation paths of hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) OH excited in pure water and in isotopically diluted (deuterated) water are elucidated via non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) simulations. The present study extends the previous NE-AIMD simulation for the energy relaxation of an excited free OH vibration at an air/water interface [T. Ishiyama, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 104708 (2021)] to the energy relaxation of an excited H-bonded OH vibration in bulk water. The present simulation shows that the excited OH vibration in pure water dissipates its energy on a timescale of 0.1 ps, whereas that in deuterated water relaxes on a timescale of 0.7 ps, consistent with the experimental observations. To decompose these relaxation energies into the components due to intramolecular and intermolecular couplings, constraints are introduced on the vibrational modes except for the target path in the NE-AIMD simulation. In the case of pure water, 80% of the total relaxation is attributed to the pathway due to the resonant intermolecular OH⋯OH stretch coupling, and the remaining 17% and 3% are attributed to intramolecular couplings with the bend overtone and with the conjugate OH stretch, respectively. This result strongly supports a significant role for the Förster transfer mechanism of pure water due to the intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions. In the case of deuterated water, on the other hand, 36% of the total relaxation is due to the intermolecular stretch coupling, and all the remaining 64% arises from coupling with the intramolecular bend overtone.
Single-mode characteristic of a supermode microcavity Raman laser
Authors: Zhang Pei-Ji , Ji Qing-Xin , Cao Qi-Tao , Wang Heming , Liu Wenjing , Gong Qihuang , Xiao Yun-Feng
Published: May 2021

Significance

Microlasers in near-degenerate supermodes play a pivotal role for studies of non-Hermitian physics, novel light sources, and advanced sensors. However, the widely observed beating phenomena and the single-mode nature of the stimulated scattering have been generating the lasing characteristic dilemma. In this article, we experimentally elucidate the lasing spectral paradox by investigating the lasing dynamics of supermode Raman microlasers. The single-mode lasing behavior is confirmed, and the beating signal has been recognized as the transient interference during the lasing switching between the supermodes with the help of the self-injection technique. This work provides an insightful guidance for microlaser-based precision measurements and paves the way to reconfigurable light sources.
Partner language development in TWI
Authors: Navejas Dawn
Published: May 2021

Prior research has sought to describe how teachers view and approach attention to partner language (PL)
development in Spanish immersion settings (Cammarata & Tedick, 2012; Fortune et al., 2008; Lindholm-Leary, 2001;
Walker & Tedick, 2000). However, it has not focused specifically on the
particularities of two-way immersion (TWI), which is unique for its inclusion of both heritage speakers and second language
learners. The current project adds to existing knowledge by using teacher interviews and a survey to report a qualitative case
study of three TWI teachers’ beliefs and practices. Data is triangulated through PL student testing and analysis of classroom
observations. Results confirm many of the findings of prior research, especially regarding teachers’ perceived need for increased
guidance and resources. They also provide insight into how TWI teachers view PL development in the two groups of learners.
Implications for teacher training and future research are discussed.
On norms and taboo
Authors: Xavier Catarina
Published: May 2021

Within Audiovisual Translation Studies, many studies have been dedicated to the subtitling of taboo words. Most of this research has been restricted to quantitative and qualitative data about translation strategies, with comparably less attention given to translation norms. As norms cannot be directly observed, their investigation raises methodological challenges for empirical studies. This paper proposes a model for the investigation of translation norms by triangulating data on observed regularities in the English to Portuguese subtitling of taboo words in a corpus of movies broadcast on Portuguese FTA (free-to-air, open-signal) television between 2001 and 2015, with questionnaire data on subtitlers’ attitudes towards the subtitling of taboo words on television. The results enable the identification of the most frequent subtitling strategies, their possible motivations, and the relevance of two contextual variables (time period and channel typology). Using the results, a (potential) norm regarding the subtitling of taboo words in Portugal is formulated. However, some of the data, both textual and extratextual, raise the question of whether there is also a competing norm at play.
Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer).
Authors: Maes Koen
Published: May 2021

The geographical range of S. cretica includes most of the countries and islands of the Mediterranean basin and extends through the Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa, extending south to northern Kenya and northern Cameroon. According to Tams and Bowden (1953) this species does not extend westward of Cameroon; however, earlier records from Mali, Niger and Togo have again been included on the recently revised CABI/EPPO (2001) distribution map. This is a pest species linked to graminaceous crops with a preference for sorghum, maize and sugarcane. It is present on wild Gramineae with a preference for Panicum repens. S. cretica could extend its range following these crops/wild hosts and in correlation with climatic change. More studies on the distribution of this species are necessary. It belongs to the 'Sesamia' group of noctuids, a group of very similar species that are difficult to identify, and therefore misidentifications can occur regarding new distribution data.