bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study design flaws and statistical challenges in evaluating fertility treatments
Authors: Wilkinson Jack , Stocking Katie
Published: June 2021

Health interventions should be tested before being introduced into clinical practice, to find out whether they work and whether they are harmful. However, research studies will only provide reliable answers to these questions if they are appropriately designed and analysed. But these are not trivial tasks. We review some methodological challenges that arise when evaluating fertility interventions and explain the implications for a non-statistical audience. These include flexibility in outcomes and analyses; use of surrogate outcomes instead of live birth; use of inappropriate denominators; evaluating cumulative outcomes and time to live birth; allowing each patient or couple to contribute to a research study more than once. We highlight recurring errors and present solutions. We conclude by highlighting the importance of collaboration between clinical and methodological experts, as well as people with experience of subfertility, for realising high-quality research.

Lay summary

We do research to find out whether fertility treatments are beneficial and to make sure they don’t cause harm. However, research will only provide reliable answers if it is done properly. It is not unusual for researchers to make mistakes when they are designing research studies and analysing the data that we get from them. In this review, we describe some of the mistakes people make when they do research about fertility treatments and explain how to avoid them. These include challenges which arise due to the large number of things that can be measured and reported when looking to see if fertility treatments work; failure to check whether the treatment increases the number of live births; failing to include all study participants in calculations;challenges in studies where participants may have more than one treatment attempt. We conclude by highlighting the importance of collaboration between clinical and methodological experts, as well as people with experience of fertility problems.
Generalizations of $ss$-supplemented modules
Authors: Soydan I. , Türkmen E.
Published: June 2021

We introduce the concept of (strongly) $ss$-radical supplemented modules. We prove that if a submodule $N$ of $M$ is strongly $ss$-radical supplemented and $Rad(M/N)=M/N$, then $M$ is strongly $ss$-radical supplemented. For a left good ring $R$, we show that $Rad(R)\subseteq Soc(_{R}R)$ if and only if every left $R$-module is $ss$-radical supplemented. We characterize the rings over which all modules are strongly $ss$-radical supplemented. We also prove that over a left $WV$-ring every supplemented module is $ss$-supplemented.
The Change of the Supervision of the Activities of Economic Operators
Authors: Šilvaitė Eimantė
Published: June 2021

The present article analyses the essence and purpose of the supervision of the activities of economic operators as a field of public administration, as well as its expression and evaluation in national administrative law. It raises the question of whether there has been a paradigmatic shift in the supervision of the activities of economic operators and in what ways it is being expressed.
Educação sob um olhar antirracista na formação escolar da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Ferreira de Assis Andrelize Schabo , Carvalho dos Santos Farias Kátia Sebatiana
Published: June 2021

O objetivo desse texto é problematizar o trabalho desenvolvido sobre a temática racial em uma instituição pública de ensino na Amazônia, com foco na tensão entre o multiculturalismo funcional e a interculturalidade crítica. Os diálogos ficcionais dos jogos de cenas, inspirados na terapia desconstrucionista de Jacques Derrida e nos jogos de linguagem de Ludwig Wittgenstein, mostram que há diferentes maneiras de se trabalhar educação antirracista em sala de aula e que é importante compreender alguns conceitos sobre a temática para evitar, nos termos de Veiga-Neto (2003), o multiculturalismo bom-mocista, que mantém intactas as bases hierarquicamente racializadas da sociedade brasileira. Confrontar e discutir criticamente o racismo é responsabilidade de todos, especialmente dos envolvidos no processo de formação escolar e acadêmica.
Parents’ Attitude Towards the Conditions and the Organization of the Educational Process
Authors: Tyankovska Olya
Published: June 2021

The article presents how parents evaluate the school, their views on the relationship between their children and the teachers. The family and the school are the two main factors for children's education and they influence learning, personal and social growth of young people. Conclusions are presented based on a survey conducted in early 2020 explaining the perceptions, views and attitudes of parents towards the educational process in a particular school.
Experience in the implementation of a modified step-up approach in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Kaminskiy M. N. , Rakhimova S. N. , Konovalov V. A.
Published: June 2021

Aim.Analysis of the results of the application of the modified step-up approach in the treatment of infected pancreatonecrosis in a third-level hospital.

Materials and methods.The study included 52 patients over 18 years of age with acute pancreatitis and suspected or proven infection with pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis .The control group included 27 patients who underwent primary open necrectomy. The comparison group included 25 patients who underwent surgical treatment within the framework of the modified concept of the stepwise surgical approach (Step-up). In the groups compared mortality rates, early postoperative complications (IIIb-IVb grade Clavien-Dindo), late postoperative complications (ventral hernias, pseudocysts, diabetes mellitus), the duration of inpatient treatment, and the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit. The indicator "Full return to primary social activity after treatment" was also proposed.

Results.In the Step-up approach group, in comparison with the control group, there was a decrease in the overall incidence of postoperative complications of IIIb-IVb grade Clavien-Dindo (24% and 51.9%, respectively, p <0.05), the frequency of arrosive bleeding (0% and 14 , 8%,  respectively, p <0.05), the need for necrsequestrectomy (64 and 100%, respectively, p <0.01), the total average duration of treatment in the intensive care unit (3.2 ± 0.6 and 9.2 ± 1.6 days, respectively, p <0.05), and the average duration of treatment in the intensive care unit after execution of necrosectomy (1,4±0,4 7,2±1,3 days, respectively, p<0.01).  A complete return to social activity in the control group was noted only in 10 (37%) patients compared with 19 (76%) in the Step-up group (p <0.01).  In the Step-up group, in comparison with the control group, a tendency towards a decrease in mortality was revealed (16% and 34.5%, respectively, p> 0.05).

Conclusion.The step-up approach can improve the results of treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. The most important advantage of this concept is reproducibility - that is, the possibility of using it not only in the leading metropolitan clinics, but also in the regions of the Russian Federation. The step-up approach, however, has not yet acquired a complete form, and there is room for improvement.
From editor of the issue. Pancreatic duct disruption in acute necrotizing pancreatitis and its consequences
Authors: Dyuzheva T. G.
Published: June 2021

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Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions: Assessment by Means of a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Grinberg Ruslan S. , Belozyorov Sergey A. , Sokolovska Olena
Published: June 2021

In 2014, the United States, the European Union (EU) countries and some other states have imposed economic sanctions against Russia. The overcoming of sanctions requires an understanding of their effectiveness. Thus, we aimed to identify factors of the effectiveness of economic sanctions by reviewing the literature that considers sanctions as a tool for transforming the current national policies. The applied methodology of the systematic literature review (SLR) includes the following stages: 1) determining a basic sample of publications based on a keyword search in Web of Science, Scopus, Russian Science Citation Index, SSRN, EBSCO, Ideas/RePec, Google Scholar, Cambridge University Press, Routledge, De Gruyter JSTOR, Springer, Taylor & Francis; 2) identifying a representative sample based on the authors’ criteria (type of publication, language, character, content and context); 3) synthesising the representative sample; 4) reporting the research results. A method of comparative and graphical analysis was used to present the findings. The analysis of relevant literature allowed us to conclude that economic sanctions are more effective if 1) sanction costs for a target country are higher than for a sender, including those occurring as a result of regional inequality; 2) sanctions are designed as a short-term measure; 3) sanctions are multilateral and imposed by international institutes, including through regional trade agreements; 4) sanctions are targeted at democratic regimes. Moreover, the most preferred type of sanction — targeted (smart) sanctions — are less effective in achieving their goals than traditional comprehensive ones. Further review studies may focus on targeted economic sanctions (first and foremost in Russia) and include publications, analysing case studies of individual countries and industries.
Agri-food Exports and Challenges of Foreign Markets for a Small region: a Network Approach
Authors: Sisto Roberta , Marseglia Alba , Sica Edgardo
Published: June 2021

Over the last decades, the agri-food sector has been involved in a substantial process of internationalisation. For many agri-food firms, internationalisation has become a significant element of competitiveness and an essential condition for their survival and success in spite of the possible initial difficulties in competing and organising activities in uncertain and complex environments. These challenges concern mainly agri-food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that, due to their size, are in a more vulnerable position in relation to trade barriers compared to larger firms. Based on these premises, we investigated the structure of the agrifood exports of a small region by exploring its characteristics and evolution over time. While this research is relevant per sé, it can also explain the macroeconomic dynamics of the whole area and determine the further development of agri-food exports of a small region to non-EU countries. The analysis concentrates on exports to extra-EU countries from agri-food firms located in the province of Foggia (the south-east of Italy), a small area characterised by a large presence of SMEs and micro firms that are mainly devoted to agricultural production and food processing. To answer the research question, we employ the social network analysis, a method increasingly used for analysing international trade patterns. The use of this methodology has allowed us to conduct an in-depth analysis of firms and countries that occupy a strategic position in the network. These actors are crucial for the network’s survival since their removal could make the network more fragmented and disconnected. The analysis has been conducted in a dynamic way by exploring the characteristics of the network in 2014–2019, allowing us to assess its evolution over time. The results show that the structural properties of the analysed network have remarkably enhanced over time. However, the current network structure is not satisfactory yet since it relies, for the most part, on the connections among a few leading firms and a limited number of destination countries.
Investment Strategies for Increasing the Agribusiness Competitiveness
Authors: Dudnik Alexey V. , Cherdakova Tatyana A.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, investment in national agri-food systems is of significant interest, as it is a necessary condition for implementing large-scale technological innovations which are crucial not only for this particular system, but for Russian economy in general. The research aims to study how investments affect the competitiveness of the Russian agri-food system and to propose a conceptual framework for strategic agribusiness management at the regional and national levels. We hypothesise that competitiveness indicators, including cost intensity of production, depend on the investment in agribusiness. Due to low access to credit, agricultural companies look for alternative investment strategies, one of which is investment subsidies in commodity production. The hypothesis was tested by examining a sample of organisations engaged in agri-food production. The sample includes profitable companies investing in production development. Sample analysis confirme d th e initia l hypothesi s that investments into technological modernisation of production significantly influenc e it s competitiveness . Whe n developin g a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of agri-food systems in terms of investment provision, it is advisable to consider not only quantitative (amount of support), but also structural aspects of support. In particular, we suggest the government to introduce the practice of providing investment subsidies to agricultural commodity producers with participation in the recipients’ capital to support their development. The research results can be used in further studies concerning the management of the agribusiness competitiveness.
THE PROBLEM OF CONCEPTUALIZING THE PHENOMENON OF PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSDISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES OF POST-NON-CLASSICAL SCIENCE
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Dinaburg Svetlana R.
Published: June 2021

The difficulty of identifying the sustainable content of the concept of practice is due to the diversity of its application in various areas of social knowledge and the humanities in a changing world. Approaches to the definition of the notion of practice based on the principles of classical scientific rationality interpreted this phenomenon within the framework of certain concepts. From the standpoint of modern pluralism, classical concepts of practice expressed their specific content within local boundaries and presented only a few aspects of practical human activity in the dynamics of social relations. Philosophical concepts and social theories explaining the nature of practice have long remained disciplinarily isolated de facto, not revealing their potential. The modern use of the concept of practice is universal but highly uncertain, and in fact it is associated with any life activity. The task of detecting semantic differences and attempts to synthesize universal contents of practical activities rooted in culture and having a specific historical sig-nificance is carried out based on the principles of the transdisciplinary approach. This approach is focused both on the integration of tools developed by various disciplinary areas and communication strategies aimed at developing common solutions in situations of conflict of interests and disagreement. In this re-gard, the possibilities of the research style called the «theory of practices», based on the ideas (developing the concept of L. Wittgenstein) of the background nature of the practices and the potential revealing those (justified by M. Heidegger), are considered. The principle of problematization (according to M. Foucault) of the diversity of the definition of practices for identifying common issues is shown in connection with communication strategies in post-non-classical practices. The practice-oriented approach allows us to perceive the practices as social structures which link subjective positions of the practitioner and the re-searcher. The interconnection of practices and the possibility of their communication in a self-organizing development are shown through the example of phenomena in philosophical practice and psychotherapy in integral social space.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESIGNING OF INTERSUBJECTIVE LIFEWORLD OF MILITARY SERVICE IN THE CONTEXT OF BACKGROUND PRACTICES
Authors:   Branch of Military Training Scientific Center of Military Air Forces «Military Air Academy named after prof. N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin» in Chelyabinsk, Panasenko Yuriy A.
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the phenomena of «inscription» and «readiness-to-hand» in the «lifeworld». The author uses the basic definition of the «lifeworld» as the world of the natural attitude of consciousness, the cumulative characteristic of the individual’s being. The material of the research is the lifeworld of military service. Three social levels of military communication are identified and linked with background practices. The process of the phenomenological designing of the intersubjective lifeworld of military service, emanating from the three basic definitions of the lifeworld, is described. It is possible to perceive new aspects of the culture of military service in the context of intersubjectivity as the most important conceptual innovation of social phenomenology. The concept of intentionality is considered in relation to the concept of intersubjectivity. The communicative-semantic approach to the analysis of the social world within the framework of social phenomenology is presented. Special attention is paid to characteristic features of objectivity and intentionality. The designing of the lifeworld of military service is performed with three main factors, such as consistency, a stable chain of basic values, and diachronic-synchronous maintenance of basic values, being considered. The values employed to sustain the integral structure of the lifeworld of military service have been determined. The connection between the phenomenon «culture of military service» and culture and profession is analyzed.
CORRELATION OF COPE-STRATEGIES, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION OF ACHIEVEMENT AT MANAGERS
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Kropovnitsky Oleg V. ,   Bashkir Academy of Public Administration and Management under the Auspices of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the concepts of coping strategy, locus of control (internality-externality), and achievement motivation. Different points of view on coping strategies are considered, as well as achievement motivation and internality as professionally important characteristics of managers of the real sector of the economy. The structure of the interrelation between socio-psychological characteristics and coping strategies of managers is revealed. The correlations between coping strategies, locus of control, and achievement motivation have been studied. The results of the study of the relationship between coping strategies, locus of control and achievement motivation among managers made it possible to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, the higher the level of motivation for success, the greater the likelihood is that a person will use such coping strategies as planning of a solution to the problem, positive reassessment and problem-oriented coping. Secondly, the higher the level of motivation for avoiding failures, the more likely it is that a person, in the process of coping, will resort to such strategies as distancing, escape-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping. Thirdly, the higher the level of the internal locus of control, the greater the probability of using such coping strategies as problem-solving planning, positive reassessment, and problem-oriented coping. Finally, the higher the level of the external locus of control, the greater the likelihood is of using such coping strategies as distancing, flight-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping.
AVUSTRALYA’NIN BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI’NA KATILMASINDA BÜYÜK BRİTANYA ETKİSİ: SİYASİ ELİTLER VE PROPAGANDA
Authors: ÖZCAN Orhan
Published: June 2021

Büyük Britanya’yla birlikte Avustralya’nın Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na katılmasında siyasi ve askerî nedenler ileri sürülmesine rağmen, Büyük Britanya’nın Avustralya üzerinde baskın tarihsel, etnik ve kültürel etkisi genellikle göz ardı edilmiştir. Oysa Büyük Britanya, tarihsel, etnik, kültürel altyapı temelinde siyasi ve askerî manipülasyonları kullanarak Avustralya’nın savaşa müttefik olarak katılmasında etkin bir rol oynamıştır. Büyük Britanya, Avustralya’nın jeopolitik konumunun etkisiyle Avustralya siyasi elitlerini savaş öncesi Alman ve Japon işgali tehditleriyle irrasyonel bir korku sarmalının içerisine sürüklemiş ve propaganda, sivil toplum kuruluşları, savaş posterlerinin yoğun etkisiyle kamuoyunun ikna edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Kral/kraliçe’ye sadakat, anavatana (Büyük Britanya) bağlılık ve borcunu ödeme, görev, zorunluluk, Alman işgali, Sarı Tehlike paranoyası temelinde şekillenen savaş poster ve afişleri, toplumu kitlesel ve gönüllü biçimde savaşa katılmaya ikna etmiştir. Düşmanlaştırılmış ve ötekileştirilmişler üzerinden sosyal gerilimler üretilerek elde edilen Birleşik Krallığa sadakat duygusu, Avustralya toplumunu zihinsel ve manevi seferberliği tamamlanmış, savaşmaya hazır heyecanlı birer savaşçıya dönüştürmüştür. Heyecan arayışı, yeni yerler görme isteği, kendini ispatlama, iş/aile çevresinden kurtulma gibi kişisel ve sosyal psikolojiden kaynaklı nedenlerde Avustralya toplumsalının Birinci Dünya Savaş’ında Büyük Britanya’nın yanında savaşa katılma olgusu üzerinde istekliliğini oluşturmuştur.

Bu çalışmada, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türk askerine karşı Gelibolu’da savaşan Anzak askerî oluşumuna giden süreç ve Avustralya toplumsalını yönlendiren temel yapılar (Büyük Britanya, sosyolojik art alan, yönetici seçkinler, propaganda) araştırılmıştır. Makalenin amacı, Avustralya’nın etnik ve kültürel olarak Büyük Britanya’yla tarihsel bir geçmişe sahip olması nedeniyle, Avustralya’nın Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na katıldığı temeli üzerinde kavramsal bir teorik çerçeve belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda, Avustralya’nın Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na girme zemininin oluşturulmasında Büyük Britanya’nın, Avustralya siyasi seçkinler üzerindeki politik ve askerî nüfuza sahip olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Avustralya’nın Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na katılmasında jeopolitiğinin etkisi ve Büyük Britanya korumacılığına sığınmasının nedenleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Ayrıca Avustralya toplumu üzerinde Büyük Britanya ve Avustralya’nın savaş posterleriyle yaptığı propagandanın önemi vurgulanırken, Avustralya toplumu üzerindeki etkilerini eleştirel olarak tartışmıştır.
Komponen Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Kerang Balelo (Conomurex sp.)
Authors: Nurhikma  , Mirsa  , Wulandari Diah Anggraini
Published: June 2021

Moluska memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang pharmaceutical dan nutraceutical yaitu sebagai sumber antioksidan baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji senyawa yang aktif dan aktivitas antioksidan pada daging kerang balelo (Conomurex sp.) berasal dari perairan Derawan, Kalimantan Timur. Ekstraksi kerang balelo dilakukan dengan tiga jenis pelarut yaitu metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat. Metode analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis rendemen, komposisi kimia, senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Kerang balelo memiliki kadar protein 27,30%, kadar air 56,29% kadar abu 2,00%, kadar lemak 10,30%, dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 4,11%. Rendemen daging kerang balelo yaitu 34,7%, sedangkan rendemen ekstrak metanol, etanol dan etil asetat yaitu 15,33 %, 15,16 % dan 0,89%. Kerang balelo mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, tanin, saponin, fenol hidrokuinon dan steroid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 1.055, 8 µg/mL pada ekstrak metanol, 1.165,9 µg/mL ekstrak etanol dan ektrak etil asetat 1.220,53 µg/mL.Kerang balelo berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dikembangkan dalam bidang pharmaceutical dan nutraceutical.
Tulang Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) sebagai Sumber Kolagen Sabun Mandi Padat
Authors: Firlianty  , Elita Elita , Krismonita Yanti , Rario Rario , Bugar Natallo , Najamuddin Anang
Published: June 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan kolagen tulang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) terhadap mutu sabun mandi padat dan mendapatkan konsentrasi perlakuan terbaik dalam proses pembuatan sabun kolagen ikan patin (Pangasius sp). Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu sabun mandi padat dengan kolagen 0%, 3%, 6% dan 9%. Penelitian yang sudah dilaksanakan memberikan hasil bahwa sabun tersebut layak untuk digunakan karena sesuai dalam SNI untuk sabun mandi padat.  Hasil penelitian perlakuan terbaik  terdapat pada perlakuan D dengan konsentrasi kolagen adalah 9% dengan kadar air 7,759% bahan tidak dapat larut dalam etanol 0,181% asam lemak bebas 0,027% dan pH 10,47.
Bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR di SMPN 8 Malang untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian sosial siswa
Authors: Martaningsih Martaningsih , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu , Purnomo Agus
Published: June 2021

Purpose this research is describing the activity of Red Cross Youth Volunteer in Public Junior High School 8 Malang to grow social concern. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type research. Purposive technique is used to gather the informant's data. The procedure of data aggregation comprises of observation, interview, and documentation. This research found the activity of Red Cross Youth Volunteer are regular exercise, health alert, socialization to another extracurricular and social service. The activity purpose to increase student's social concern.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR di SMPN 8 Malang untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian sosial siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan informan yang digunakan yaitu teknik purposive. Prosedur pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler PMR SMPN 8 Malang diantaranya, yaitu latihan rutin, siaga kesehatan, sosialisasi ke ekstrakurikuler lain, dan bakti sosial. Kegiatan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepedulian sosial pada diri siswa.
Tenaga kerja wanita (TKW) dan perubahan sosial yang disebabkannya
Authors: Ana Eka Khoirul , Ruja I Nyoman , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu
Published: June 2021

The focus of this research is to analyze 1) the characteristics of TKW; 2) reasons for the overseas mobility carried out by TKW; and 3) social changes that occur in the families of TKW. This research is located in Dawung Village, Ringinrejo District, Kediri Regency. A qualitative approach with this type of descriptive research is used to achieve the focus of this study. The results showed that the characteristics of TKW from Dawung Village were 1) productive age; 2) Low level of education, 3) Total dependable burden of more than 1 person; 4) the occupation which is mostly done is domestic servants; 5) Working in Asian countries. Income that is greater than working in the country is the main reason for TKW to travel abroad. They also want to have business capital, meet their children's educational needs, and are in debt. Social changes that occur in the families of TKW are in the form of changes in the role of family members, child care patterns, ways of communicating, and lifestyle. For further researchers, it is hoped that they can study the social changes of TKW families related to children's education.

Fokus pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis 1) karakteristik TKW; 2) alasan mobilitas ke luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh TKW; dan 3) perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Desa Dawung Kecamatan Ringinrejo Kabupaten Kediri. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif digunakan untuk mencapai fokus dari penelitian ini. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik TKW dari Desa Dawung yaitu 1) Berusia produktif; 2) Tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, 3) Jumlah beban tanggungan lebih dari 1 orang; 4) pekerjaan yang banyak digeluti adalah pembantu rumah tangga; 5) Bekerja di negara-negara Asia. Penghasilan yang lebih besar dibandingkan kerja di dalam negeri menjadi penyebab utama TKW melakukan mobilitar ke luar negeri. Selain itu, mereka juga ingin memiliki modal usaha, memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan anak, serta terlilit hutang. Perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada keluarga TKW yaitu berupa perubahan peran anggota keluarga, pola pengasuhan anak, cara berkomunikasi,  dan gaya hidup. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, diharapkan dapat mengkaji mengenai perubahan sosial keluarga TKW terkait dengan pendidikan anak.
Pendidikan remaja putri di mata orang tua studi kasus Desa Wonosunyo Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Reswari Ardhana Karina , Towaf Siti Malikhah , Purnomo Agus
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the vision of parents of young women in Wonosunyo Village, Gempol Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research. The data sources used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. There are three data collection techniques in the study, namely interviews, observation, and documentation. The conclusion of this study is that education is an insignificant thing when parents and children agree that the most important thing is to work and move on. Parents who cannot finance their children's education due to low income. Low income is felt not to be able to afford school fees, pocket money, to provide transport money. The desire to escape poverty is to marry off his child. Marrying their children at an early age is a family's desire that must be realized to fulfill a better and better life expectancy. The desire to benefit from marrying her child at an early age is the hope of every parent.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis visi orang tua remaja putri Desa Wonosunyo Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan. Pendekatan kualittatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitianini. Sumber data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini berkesimpilan bahwa pendidikan menjadi suatu hal yang tidak penting ketika orang tua dan anak menyepakati yang terpenting adalah bekerja dan melanjutkan hidup. Orang tua yang tidak dapat membiayai pendidikan anaknya karena pendapatan yang rendah. Pendapatan yang rendah dirasa tidak akan mampu untuk membiayai sekolah, uang jajan, hingga memberikan uang transport. Keinginan untuk lepas dari jeratan kemiskinan adalah dengan menikahkan anaknya. Menikahkan anaknya di usia dini adalah keinginan keluarga yang harus diwujudkan untuk memenuhi harapan hidup yang lebih baik dan layak. Keinginan mendapat keuntungan dari menikahkan anaknya di usia dini adalah harapan setiap orang tua.
Festival mata air (resistensi budaya masyarakat dalam pelestarian sumber Mata Air Gemulo Desa Bulukerto Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu)
Authors: Aldilla Tyas Tamara , Sukamto Sukamto , Ruja I Nyoman , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu
Published: June 2021

This research aims to describe the symbolic significance of the Spring Festival in Bulukerto Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu City as a form of Community Resistance to the construction of The Rayja Hotel. This research uses descriptive qualitative research approaches and types. The methods used in this study are with observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that: 1) Spring Festival is a form of community social movement to reject development that is not environmentally friendly, 2) As a form of gratitude of Bulukerto villagers for the abundance of water for greenness, 3) Increase public awareness of the importance of springs for life.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna simbolik Festival Mata Air di Desa Bulukerto, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu sebagai bentuk Resistensi Masyarakat terhadap pembangunan Hotel The Rayja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Festival Mata Air merupakan bentuk gerakan sosial masyarakat untuk menolak pembangunan yang tidak ramah lingkungan, 2) Sebagai bentuk rasa syukur masyarakat Desa Bulukerto atas berlimpahnya air bagi kehiduapan, 3) Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya sumber mata air bagi kehidupan.
Analisis kerentanan penduduk Desa Pulungdowo terhadap Covid-19
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Sari Krisma , Maghfiroh Maylinda , Pratiwi Mira Ayu , Pratama Muchammad Ryan , Ikmal Muhammad , Umami Musnizar Zulaiha , Istighfary Novy Aulia , Nurahman Raka Erditama , Sanjaya Rizky Fitra , Fatmala Zahrina
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis rasio kerentanan masyarakat terhadap kesadaran dalam menggunakan alat pelindung diri pada kasus Covid-19 di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif spasial sebagai dasar melakukan analisis. Data dikumpulkan melalui survey, wawancara, dan data sekunder dari web resmi pemerintah. Survei kesadaran masyarakat dilakukan dengan menggunakan survey 123 dari ESRI yang meliputi wilayah Malang raya dan Jawa Timur. Survey dilakukan di 197 titik di wilayah jawa Timur. Rasio kerentanan diperoleh dengan membandingkan rasio jumlah penduduk usia lanjut dengan jumlah penduduk total menurut kementerian dalam negeri Indonesia. Untuk melihat lebih dalam rasio kerentanan dilihat berdasarkan jenis gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio kerentanan desa Pulungdowo dalam kategori sedang dengan skor 0.1875, dengan menempatkan rasio kerentanan perempuan lebih tinggi dari pada laki-laki. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut perempuan memiliki tingkat kesadaran spasial lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki.
Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours in Oman
Authors: Al-Maqrashi Zainab , Burney Ikram A , Taqi Kadhim M , Al-Sawafi Yaqoob , Qureshi Asim , Lakhtakia Ritu , Mehdi Itrat , Al-Bahrani Bassim , Kumar Shiyam , Al-Moundhri Mansour
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to report the clinicopathological features, management and long-term outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) in Oman. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients treated for GIST between January 2003 and December 2017 at three tertiary referral centres in Muscat, Oman. All patients with confirmed histopathological diagnoses of GIST and followed-up at the centres during this period were included. Relevant information was retrieved from hospital records until April 2019. Results: A total of 44 patients were included in the study. The median age was 55.5 years and 56.8% were female. The most common primary site of disease was the stomach (63.6%) followed by the jejunum/ileum (18.2%). Two patients (4.5%) had c-Kit-negative, discovered on GIST-1-positive disease. A total of 24 patients (54.5%) presented with localised disease and eight (33.3%) were classified as being at high risk of relapse. Patients with metastatic disease received imatinib in a palliative setting, whereas those with completely resected disease in the intermediate and high-risk groups were treated with adjuvant imatinib. Of the six patients (13.6%) with progressive metastatic disease, of which four had mutations on exon 11 and one on exon 9, while one had wild-type disease. Overall, rates of progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) at 100 months were 77.4% and 80.4%, respectively. Rates of OS for patients with localised and metastatic disease were 89.9% and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The presenting features and outcomes of patients with GISTs in Oman were comparable to those reported in the regional and international literature.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Imatinib; Adjuvant Chemotherapy; Survival Rate; Oman.
Clinical Presentations of Brucellosis Over a Four-Year Period at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
Authors: Hassan Kowthar S , Schuster Helmut , Al-Rawahi Abdullah , Balkhair Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease which can have serious health implications for affected humans and livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, geographical distribution and risk factors of brucellosis cases admitted over a four-year period to two hospitals in Muscat, Oman. Methods: This observational study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and Armed Forces Hospital in Muscat. All patients with probable or definitive diagnoses of brucellosis according to the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization were included. Relevant data were gathered from the patients’ medical records, including results from standard agglutination tests, Brucella enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, bacterial blood or tissue/aspirate cultures and Brucella polymerase chain reaction tests. Results: A total of 64 patients were diagnosed with brucellosis over the study period. The median age was 31.5 years and 73.4% were male. The majority (95.2%) presented with fever, followed by weight loss (51%), transaminitis (48.4%), peripheral arthritis/arthralgia (15.9%) and back pain (spondylodiscitis/sacroiliitis; 23.4%). Overall, 75.5% reported having consumed raw dairy products, while only 25.9% gave a positive history of animal contact. Conclusion: Patients with brucellosis presented with a wide range of clinical features, the most predominant of which was fever. The majority of patients were residents of or had recently visited Salalah and had consumed raw dairy products. These findings highlight the need for healthcare practitioners to maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. Moreover, further regulatory measures are necessary to oversee the sale of raw/unpasteurised dairy products.

Keywords: Brucellosis; Bacterial Infections; Zoonotic Bacterial Infections; Risk Factors; Epidemiology; Oman.
The rejection of religious nationalism towards the secular state and the Islamic caliphate: Indonesian religious figures perspective
Authors: Sutomo Imam , Budihardjo Budihardjo
Published: June 2021

Religious nationalism is interpreted differently in its application in various countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the development of the meaning of religious nationalism values according to religious figures in Indonesia. The research method used to analyze social phenomena is a qualitative approach, using direct interviews and observations as the main data collection instruments. The essential results of this study are the values of religious nationalism must be preserved as a binder of social harmony since the formation of the Indonesian state. Religious figures view that the values of religious nationalism in Indonesia reject the secular state and the idea of an Islamic state (caliphate). The critical implication of this research is that religious figures promote the implementation of universal religious values in the public sphere and urge freedom of expression of religious activities democratically without discrimination for adherents of all religions.
Shifting paradigm: from Intellectual Quotient, Emotional Quotient, and Spiritual Quotient toward Ruhani Quotient in ruhiology perspectives
Authors: Ushuluddin Achmad , Madjid Abd , Masruri Siswanto , Affan Mohammad
Published: June 2021

There are three theories of human intelligence, namely Intellectual Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), and Spiritual Quotient (SQ). In its subsequent development, following the SQ era that considered the God Spot in the human brain as a source of intelligence, the concept of the Heart’s Code (HC) indicates that the source of intelligence lies in the heart, not the brain. The SQ model proposed by Zohar-Marshall and the HC model suggested by Pearsall only touched the biological and psychological realms, namely the material brain and the material heart. Both have yet to touch upon the transcendental level of divinity i.e. the spiritual brain and the spiritual heart. Using Thomas Kuhn’s scientific revolution approach, the current article intends to prove that the source of intelligence is not the brain but the ruh (the soul). When God has perfected the creation of man by blowing ruh in him, the sense of hearing subsequently radiates through the ears, sight through the eyes, smell through the nose, speech through the mouth, taste through the tongue, and intelligence through the brain. As a consequence, the brain is but a tool; it is not a source of intelligence. If IQ, EQ, and SQ are regarded as intelligence models originating from the human mind, which is certainly artificial in nature, then Ruhani Quotient (RQ) is an intelligence model originally created by God. Ruhani Quotient (RQ), which is based on ruh, has implications on new studies pertaining to ‘ruhiology.’
Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa: Before and After the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: GÜLERYÜZ Ece Handan
Published: June 2021

In this study the macroeconomic fundamentals and structural factors which affect inclusive growth in 16 MENA countries before and after the Global Financial Crisis are investigated. A panel data fixed effects model is used in two time periods: 1996-2007 and 2008-2016. A measure of inclusive growth is defined by integrating economic growth and income inequality. In this way, the relative impacts of GDP per capita growth rate and change in Gini coefficient are accounted for. A wide range of factors such as environmental degradation, macroeconomic stability, fiscal discipline, globalization, human capital, life expectancy, and technological development appear to significantly affect inclusive growth performance in the MENA region.
Aumento di peso nelle persone che vivono con HIV: ultimi aggiornamenti da CROI 2021.
Authors: Colpani Agnese , al. et
Published: June 2021

Con l’avvento della terapia antiretrovirale combinata (cART),
il numero di persone che vivono con HIV (PCH) virosoppresse
(HIV-RNA<50 copie/mL) è aumentato raggiungendo percentuali
superiori al 90% nei paesi ad alto sviluppo economico,
trasformando l’infezione da HIV in una patologia cronica.
Vista l’elevata efficacia delle nuove terapie, la ricerca si sta
concentrando nel migliorare la tollerabilità.
A questo proposito, un aspetto da approfondire è quello legato
all’aumento di peso corporeo e dell’accumulo di grasso
addominale, in particolare nelle PCH che assumono inibitori
delle integrasi (INI). Questo può comportare un maggior rischio
di sviluppare diabete mellito, sindrome metabolica e
patologie cardiovascolari, rischio di per sé già aumentato nei
PCH rispetto alle persone sieronegative. Diversi studi sono
stati condotti sugli INI, ed in particolare sul dolutegravir a
cui è stato imputato di causare un maggior aumento di peso
rispetto agli altri farmaci.
Tuttavia, ci sono ancora molti aspetti da chiarire, fra cui i
meccanismi fisiopatologici alla base dell’aumento di peso,
le conseguenze per la salute e fattori predittivi di aumento
di peso.
In questo contesto, al CROI 2021 sono stati presentati diversi
lavori volti ad indagare le dinamiche, la portata, le cause e le
conseguenze dell’aumento di peso legato alla terapia antiretrovirale.
L’obiettivo della nostra breve revisione è quello
di dare una panoramica dei dati più recenti riguardanti l’aumento
di peso nelle PCH presentati al CROI 2021.
Study of the anti-infl ammatory activity of the Potentilla anserina L on burn wounds in mice
Authors:   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Savelieva E.E. , Veselova O.F. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Gackih I.V. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Horgevski V.A. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Aleshencev K.G. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Perevertov T.A. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research. To investigate the anti-infl ammatory eff ect of Cinquefoil on a model of a thermal wound. Material and methods. A liquid extract in 70 % ethyl alcohol was obtained from dry crushed goose cinquefoil by the percolation method. Th e resulting extracts were evaporated under vacuum at a temperature of 50 °C. Th e dry residue was dissolved in water immediately before treatment at a dose of 250 mg / kg. Th e evaluation of anti-infl ammatory activity was carried out in an experiment on 20 white male mice. Th ermal skin burns were simulated in all animals. Th e burns were healed in an open way. During the entire experiment, the general condition of the experimental animals was assessed, body weight and temperature were determined, the appearance of wounds, appetite, and activity were assessed. For histological examination, a section of the skin was taken, including the burn zones and intact tissues. Paraffi n sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. An analysis of the results of the experimental study showed that all experimental animals, under the infl uence of high temperatures, developed a third degree thermal burn of the skin, characterized by damage to the entire thickness of the skin with complete death of hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. At the site of the burn, the skin was dense, motionless and insensitive to painful stimuli. Th e appearance of the wounds did not diff er between groups of animals. Comparative microscopy of the control and experimental groups showed that the depth of damage to the epidermis and dermis was more pronounced in the experimental group. In addition, in the same group, lymphocytic infi ltration of the dermis, hypodermis, the presence of a pronounced vascular reaction and edema of the dermis are more pronounced, which indicates a more pronounced infl ammatory. Conclusion. Th e analysis of the results obtained shows that in the treatment of burn wounds, the local application of the preparation Potentilla goose on the 4th day in the experiment does not lead to a pronounced anti-infl ammatory eff ect. However, the revealed lymphocytic infi ltration of the dermis and other histological parameters indicate more active processes in the tissues, which may subsequently lead to more accelerated wound cleansing and faster regeneration