bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subtyping psychological distress in the population: a semi-parametric network approach
Authors: de Vos S. , Patten S. , Wit E. C. , Bos E. H. , Wardenaar K. J. , de Jonge P.
Published: May 2019

Aims

The mechanisms underlying both depressive and anxiety disorders remain poorly understood. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a valid, evidence-based system to classify persons into specific subtypes based on their depressive and/or anxiety symptomatology. In order to do this withouta prioriassumptions, non-parametric statistical methods seem the optimal choice. Moreover, to define subtypes according to their symptom profiles and inter-relations between symptoms, network models may be very useful. This study aimed to evaluate the potential usefulness of this approach.

Methods

A large community sample from the Canadian general population (N= 254 443) was divided into data-driven clusters using non-parametrick-means clustering. Participants were clustered according to their (co)variation around the grand mean on each item of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Next, to evaluate cluster differences, semi-parametric network models were fitted in each cluster and node centrality indices and network density measures were compared.

Results

A five-cluster model was obtained from the cluster analyses. Network density varied across clusters, and was highest for the cluster of people with the lowest K10 severity ratings. In three cluster networks, depressive symptoms (e.g. feeling depressed, restless, hopeless) had the highest centrality. In the remaining two clusters, symptom networks were characterised by a higher prominence of somatic symptoms (e.g. restlessness, nervousness).

Conclusion

Finding data-driven subtypes based on psychological distress using non-parametric methods can be a fruitful approach, yielding clusters of persons that differ in illness severity as well as in the structure and strengths of inter-symptom relationships.
The Impact of Turbulence and Convection on Transport in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Sohail Taimoor , Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: May 2019

Volume transport in the presence of fully resolved convection and turbulence is investigated in a reentrant channel model of the Southern Ocean. The response of the meridional overturning and zonal transport to variations in wind and buoyancy forcing is quantified. Our simulations show two overturning cells—a buoyancy‐driven lower cell and a wind‐driven upper cell. The lower overturning cell is much larger in meridional extent and magnitude than the upper cell. The mean component of the overturning transport is smaller than the fluctuating component in the lower overturning cell, indicating that transport is dominated by eddies and/or turbulent convective flow. In contrast, the upper cell can be primarily described as a mean flow (indicating minimal eddy compensation). Both cells strengthen with increasing winds, with the upper cell being more sensitive to increasing wind intensity than the lower cell. Scaling for the mean upper overturning is also derived and matches previous theories which predict a linear sensitivity of the upper cell to wind. Zonal transport remains insensitive to increasing wind stress, suggesting that the system is eddy saturated when turbulence and eddies are resolved. These results suggest that fine‐scale flows control zonal transport and abyssal meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean, while wind stress drives the upper meridional overturning transport, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing turbulence and convection in large‐scale models.
The efficiency of a new automated mosquito larval counter and its impact on larval survival
Authors: Mamai W. , Maiga H. , Gárdos M. , Bán P. , Bimbilé Somda N. S. , Konczal A. , Wallner T. , Parker A. , Balestrino F. , Yamada H. , Gilles J. R. L. , Bouyer J.
Published: May 2019

To achieve consistent and standardized rearing for mosquito immature stages, it is crucial to control the initial number of larvae present in each larval tray. In addition, maintaining an optimal and synchronized development rate of larvae is essential to maximize the pupal production and optimize male sorting in a mass-rearing setting. Manual counting is labor intensive, time consuming and error prone. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of a customized automated counter for the quantification of mosquito larvae. The present prototype of the mosquito larval counter uses a single counting channel consisting of three parts: a larvae dispenser, an electronic counting unit and computer control software. After the separation of the larvae from eggs and debris, batches of different numbers of Aedes aegypti first instar larvae were manually counted and introduced into the counter through the upper loading funnel and channeled out from the bottom of the counter by gravitational flow. The accuracy and repeatability of the mosquito larval counter were determined in relation to larval density and water quality. We also investigated its impact on larval survival. Results showed an impact of larval density and water quality on the accuracy of the device. A −6% error and a repeatability of +/− 2.56% average value were achieved with larval densities up to 10 larvae/mL of clean water. Moreover, the use of the mosquito larval counter did not have any effect on larval survival or development. Under recommended conditions, the mosquito larval counter can be used to enumerate the number of mosquito larvae at a given density. However, future developments involving the use of multiple channels or larger input larvae container would help to expand its use in large-scale facilities.
Extended 3D-PTV for direct measurements of Lagrangian statistics of canopy turbulence in a wind tunnel
Authors: Shnapp Ron , Shapira Erez , Peri David , Bohbot-Raviv Yardena , Fattal Eyal , Liberzon Alex
Published: May 2019

Direct estimation of Lagrangian turbulence statistics is essential for the proper modeling of dispersion and transport in highly obstructed canopy flows. However, Lagrangian flow measurements demand very high rates of data acquisition, resulting in bottlenecks that prevented the estimation of Lagrangian statistics in canopy flows hitherto. We report on a new extension to the 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV) method, featuring real-time particle segmentation that outputs centroids and sizes of tracer particles and performed on dedicated hardware during high-speed digital video acquisition from multiple cameras. The proposed extension results in four orders of magnitude reduction in data transfer rate that enables to perform substantially longer experimental runs, facilitating measurements of convergent statistics. The extended method is demonstrated through an experimental wind tunnel investigation of the Lagrangian statistics in a heterogeneous canopy flow. We observe that acceleration statistics are affected by the mean shear at the top of the canopy layer and that Lagrangian particle dispersion at small scales is dominated by turbulence in the wake of the roughness elements. This approach enables to overcome major shortcomings from Eulerian-based measurements which rely on assumptions such as the Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis, which is known to fail in highly turbulent flows.
A case-control study of Metallothionein-1 expression in breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma
Authors: Sampaio Fabiane Araújo , Martins Luana Mota , Dourado Carla Solange de Melo Escorcio , Revoredo Camila Maria Simplício , Costa-Silva Danylo Rafhael , Oliveira Victor Alves de , Alves-Ribeiro Francisco Adelton , Silva Benedito Borges da
Published: May 2019

The overexpression of Metallothionein-1 (MT-1) may play an important role in breast cancer; however, few studies have compared MT-1 expression between breast cancer and fibroadenoma. A cross-sectional controlled study was performed in 66 premenopausal women, aged 20–49 years, who had been histologically diagnosed with breast fibroadenoma or breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: group A, control (fibroadenoma, n = 36) and group B, study (breast cancer, n = 30). Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue samples of fibroadenoma and breast cancer patients to evaluate the expression of metallothionein using an anti-MT-1 polyclonal antibody (rabbit polyclonal anti-metallothionein-Catalog Number biorbyt-orb11042) at a dilution of 1:100. The data were analyzed using NOVA (p < 0.05). Microscopic analysis showed a higher concentration of anti-MT-1-stained nuclei in breast cancer tissues than in fibroadenoma tissues. The mean proportion of cells with anti-MT-1-stained nuclei was 26.93% and 9.10%, respectively, in the study and control groups (p < 0.001). Histological grade 3 tumors showed a significantly higher MT-1 expression than hitological grade 1 (p < 0.05), while breast tumors negative for estrogen-, progesterone- and HER2- receptors had a significantly higher MT-1 expression than positive breast tumors positive for these parameters (p < 0.05). MT-1 protein in women of reproductive age was significantly higher in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma in this study. Furthermore, there was higher MT-1 immunoreactivity in more aggressive tumors.
A comparison between spinal cord infarction and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Clinical and MRI studies
Authors: Hsu Jung Lung , Cheng Mei-Yun , Liao Ming-Feng , Hsu Hui-Ching , Weng Yi-Ching , Chang Kuo-Hsuan , Chang Hong-Shiu , Kuo Hung-Chou , Huang Chin-Chang , Lyu Rong-Kuo , Lin Kun-Ju , Ro Long-Sun
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with spinal cord infarction (SCI) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Over a period of 16 years, we retrospectively analyzed 39 patients with SCI and 21 patients with NMOSD. The demographic features and clinical presentations of both diseases were carefully documented. Etiology-specific MRI features, such as the length and distribution of the lesions, the owl’s eyes sign and bright spotty lesions, were recorded and analyzed regarding their association with the clinical signs/symptoms. Patients with SCI were older than patients with NMOSD and had sudden onset of clinical symptoms with focal pain adjacent to the lesions. Concomitant spinal cord and vertebral body infarctions were frequently associated with aortic pathology (p = 0.04). In addition, artery dissection was highly associated with combined ASA and unilateral PSA infarctions and long segments of SCI (all p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with NMOSD had a relatively younger age of onset, female predominance and subacute progression of limbs weakness. As observed by MRI, the length and location of the lesions demonstrated significant differences between the two diseases (P < 0.01). The owl’s eyes sign showed more frequently in patients with SCI than NMOSD (p < 0.01). The predicted prognoses in SCI and NMOSD were significantly associated with initial motor function (muscle power), after adjustments for age and gender (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Along with patient demographic characteristics, lesion features on MRI can help clinicians differentiate acute noncompressive myelopathy due to SCI from that due to NMOSD, which may lead to immediate initiation of adequate therapeutic measures.
EGFR and HER3 expression in circulating tumor cells and tumor tissue from non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Scharpenseel Heather , Hanssen Annkathrin , Loges Sonja , Mohme Malte , Bernreuther Christian , Peine Sven , Lamszus Katrin , Goy Yvonne , Petersen Cordula , Westphal Manfred , Glatzel Markus , Riethdorf Sabine , Pantel Klaus , Wikman Harriet
Published: May 2019

Although clinically relevant, the detection rates of EpCAM positive CTCs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are surprisingly low. To find new clinically informative markers for CTC detection in NSCLC, the expression of EGFR and HER3 was first analyzed in NSCLC tissue (n = 148). A positive EGFR and HER3 staining was observed in 52.3% and 82.7% of the primary tumors, and in 62.7% and 91.2% of brain metastases, respectively. Only 3.0% of the brain metastases samples were negative for both HER3 and EGFR proteins, indicating that the majority of metastases express these ERBB proteins, which were therefore chosen for CTC enrichment using magnetic cell-separation. Enrichment based on either EGFR or HER3 detected CTCs in 37.8% of the patients, while the combination of EGFR/HER3 enrichment with the EpCAM-based CellSearch technique detected a significantly higher number of 66.7% CTC-positive patients (Cohen’s kappa = −0.280) which underlines the existence of different CTC subpopulations in NSCLC. The malignant origin of keratin-positive/CD45-negative CTC clusters and single CTCs detected after EGFR/HER3 based enrichment was documented by the detection of NSCLC-associated mutations. In conclusion, EGFR and HER3 expression in metastasized NSCLC patients have considerable value for CTC isolation plus multiple markers can provide a novel liquid biopsy approach.
Modelling Dunes from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Brazil): Largest dune field in South America
Authors: dos Santos André Luís Silva , Borges Hélder Pereira , Silva Junior Celso Henrique Leite , Piedade Junior Raimundo Nonato , da Silva Bezerra Denilson
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a digital elevation model (DEM) of the dunes found in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an environmental protection area located in the Maranhão state (Brazil). The DEM supports the modeling studies of sand-dune evolution using multi-temporal satellite images and ground truth data, obtained through the post-processed kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. The study area is located at the border of three major neotropical ecosystems: the Amazonia, Caatinga, and Brazilian savanna. It is located in the northeastern state of Maranhão and encompasses the largest dune fields in the country. Wide shrubby areas (restingas, in Portuguese), lakes, mangroves, and a multitude off reshwater lagoons compose the park’s natural environments. The objective of the present study is to create an DEM that can evidence the complex dynamics of dune formation in the study area with use of GNSS. Geodetic techniques and precision mapping were employed to monitor the short-term coastal dynamics. The use of GNSS receivers is justified by the difficulty of mapping the dune’s features using conventional methods such as theodolite, level, and total station systems, due to their high cost, time restriction sand low data precision. Surface surveys were carried out annually between December 2015 and January 2017 to create a DEM. The study results reveal that the area has a negative volumetric balance of erosion and a preferential direction of sediment transport by wind, which may justify the pattern of advancement and retraction observed in the dunes of the studied area.
Comprehensive and Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Associated with Body Mass Index
Authors: Joseph Paule V. , Jaime-Lara Rosario B. , Wang Yupeng , Xiang Lichen , Henderson Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

Both genetic and environmental factors are suggested to influence overweight and obesity risks. Although individual loci and genes have been frequently shown to be associated with body mass index (BMI), the overall interaction of these genes and their role in BMI remains underexplored. Data were collected in 90 healthy, predominately Caucasian participants (51% female) with a mean age of 26.00 ± 9.02 years. Whole blood samples were assayed by Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. We integrated and analyzed the clinical and microarray gene expression data from those individuals to understand various systematic gene expression patterns underlying BMI. Conventional differential expression analysis identified seven genes RBM20, SEPT12, AX748233, SLC30A3, WTIP, CASP10, and OR12D3 associated with BMI. Weight gene co-expression network analysis among 4,647 expressed genes identified two gene modules associated with BMI. These two modules, with different extents of gene connectivity, are enriched for catabolic and muscle system processes respectively, and tend to be regulated by zinc finger transcription factors. A total of 246 hub genes were converted to non-hub genes, and 286 non-hub genes were converted to hub genes between normal and overweight individuals, revealing the network dynamics underlying BMI. A total of 28 three-way gene interactions were identified, suggesting the existence of high-order gene expression patterns underlying BMI. Our study demonstrated a variety of systematic gene expression patterns associated with BMI and thus provided novel understanding regarding the genetic factors for overweight and obesity risks on system levels.
Coronary Heart Disease and ABO Blood Group in Diabetic Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: langari Seyyed Hasan , Bahar Adele , Asadian Leila , Abediankenai Saeid , Namazi Seyed Shojaeddin , Kashi Zahra
Published: May 2019

Numerous investigations conducted in general population have reported that certain ABO blood group may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, this association has not been yet well established and even is less clear in diabetic patients. Considering that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at greater risk to develop CHD and have higher cardiovascular mortality, this study aimed to evaluate the association between CHD and ABO blood group in women with T2DM. A case control study of eight hundred eighty-one (881) diabetic women was enrolled in this study. Among them, two hundred thirty eight (238) patients were identified to have CHD (CHD+) and two hundred eighty two (282) of them were identified without CHD but matched with the first group for other CHD risk factors (CHD−). ABO blood type (A, B, AB, O, and Rhesus factor) for both groups were determined. To compare the magnitude of the correlation between various blood groups with CHD development, odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Our results demonstrates that the percentage of AB blood group was significantly higher in the diabetic women with concurrent CHD than in those without CHD [30 (12.7%) vs. 13 (4.6%), Odd ratio: 2.9 (95%CI: 1.5–5.7), P = 0.001]. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the AB blood group has a higher odd ratio for the development of CHD and can be considered as a risk factor for the development of CHD in females with T2DM. More comprehensive studies are required to confirm these results.
Single crossover-mediated targeted nucleotide substitution and knock-in strategies with CRISPR/Cas9 system in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Yamato Tohru , Handa Ai , Arazoe Takayuki , Kuroki Misa , Nozaka Akihito , Kamakura Takashi , Ohsato Shuichi , Arie Tsutomu , Kuwata Shigeru
Published: May 2019

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing has become a promising approach for efficient and versatile genetic engineering in various organisms; however, simple and precise nucleotide modification methods in filamentous fungi have been restricted to double crossover type homologous recombination (HR). In this study, we developed a novel genome editing strategy via single crossover-mediated HR in the model filamentous fungus Pyricularia (Magnaporthe) oryzae. This method includes the CRISPR/Cas9 system and a donor vector harboring a single homology arm with point mutations at the CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage site. Using this strategy, we demonstrated highly efficient and freely programmable base substitutions within the desired genomic locus, and target gene disrupted mutants were also obtained via a shortened (100–1000 bp) single homology arm. We further demonstrated that this method allowed a one-step GFP gene knock-in at the C-terminus of the targeted gene. Since the genomic recombination does not require an intact protospacer-adjacent motif within the donor construct and any additional modifications of host components, this method can be used in various filamentous fungi for CRISPR/Cas9-based basic and applied biological analyses.
A novel, rapid, seedless, in situ synthesis method of shape and size controllable gold nanoparticles using phosphates
Authors: Liu Kangze , He Zhonglei , Curtin James F. , Byrne Hugh J. , Tian Furong
Published: May 2019

We hereby report a novel synthesis method of size and shape controllable gold nanoparticles that is rapid, in situ and seedless. Unlike most currently employed size and shape controllable synthesis methods, it takes place in a single step under room temperature within ~15 minutes. While mixtures of gold nanospheres around 70 nm and gold nanoplates with width ranging from 100 nm to 1000 nm can be synthesized in about 15 minutes by standard synthesis method using N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) to reduce Au(III), gold nanoflowers or mixtures of smaller gold nanospheres and nanoplates can be synthesized with the addition of disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) or monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), respectively. Increasing the concentration of phosphate added significantly reduces the formation time of gold nanoparticles to seconds. By increasing the molar ratio of Na2HPO4: HEPES and NaH2PO4: HEPES, the size of gold nanoflowers and gold nanoparticle mixtures can be tuned from ~60 nm down to 1 nm and from ~70 nm to ~2.5 nm, respectively. The systematic structural changes are accompanied by similarly systematic colour changes associated with shifting of the surface plasmon resonance. The proposed mechanism of the synthesis process is also presented.
Structural and functional characterization of the PDZ domain of the human phosphatase PTPN3 and its interaction with the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein
Authors: Genera Mariano , Samson Damien , Raynal Bertrand , Haouz Ahmed , Baron Bruno , Simenel Catherine , Guerois Raphael , Wolff Nicolas , Caillet-Saguy Célia
Published: May 2019

The human protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3) is a PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domain-containing phosphatase with a tumor-suppressive or a tumor-promoting role in many cancers. Interestingly, the high-risk genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 target the PDZ domain of PTPN3. The presence of a PDZ binding motif (PBM) on E6 confers interaction with a number of different cellular PDZ domain-containing proteins and is a marker of high oncogenic potential. Here, we report the molecular basis of interaction between the PDZ domain of PTPN3 and the PBM of the HPV E6 protein. We combined biophysical, NMR and X-ray experiments to investigate the structural and functional properties of the PDZ domain of PTPN3. We showed that the C-terminal sequences from viral proteins encompassing a PBM interact with PTPN3-PDZ with similar affinities to the endogenous PTPN3 ligand MAP kinase p38γ. PBM binding stabilizes the PDZ domain of PTPN3. We solved the X-ray structure of the PDZ domain of PTPN3 in complex with the PBM of the HPV E6 protein. The crystal structure and the NMR chemical shift mapping of the PTPN3-PDZ/peptide complex allowed us to pinpoint the main structural determinants of recognition of the C-terminal sequence of the E6 protein and the long-range perturbations induced upon PBM binding.
Insulin prevents and reverts simvastatin-induced toxicity in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Sanvee Gerda M. , Bouitbir Jamal , Krähenbühl Stephan
Published: May 2019

Simvastatin is an inhibitor of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase used for decreasing low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in patients. It is well-tolerated but can cause myopathy. Our aims were to enlarge our knowledge regarding mechanisms and effects of insulin on simvastatin-associated myotoxicity in C2C12 myotubes. Simvastatin (10 µM) reduced membrane integrity and ATP content in myotubes treated for 24 hours, which could be prevented and partially reversed concentration- and time-dependently by insulin. Furthermore, simvastatin impaired the phosphorylation of Akt (Protein Kinase B) mainly at Ser473 and less at Thr308, indicating impaired activity of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2). Impaired activation of Akt increased mRNA expression of the muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), decreased activation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) and stimulated apoptosis by impairing the Ser9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Decreased phosphorylation of Akt at both phosphorylation sites and of downstream substrates as well as apoptosis were prevented concentration-dependently by insulin. In addition, simvastatin caused accumulation of the insulin receptor β-chain in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increased cleavage of procaspase-12, indicating ER stress. Insulin reduced the expression of the insulin receptor β-chain but increased procaspase-12 activation in the presence of simvastatin. In conclusion, simvastatin impaired activation of Akt Ser473 most likely as a consequence of reduced activity of mTORC2. Insulin could prevent the effects of simvastatin on the insulin signaling pathway and on apoptosis, but not on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction.
Trends in Vegetation fires in South and Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Vadrevu Krishna Prasad , Lasko Kristofer , Giglio Louis , Schroeder Wilfrid , Biswas Sumalika , Justice Chris
Published: May 2019

We assessed the fire trends from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (2003–2016) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (2012–2016) in South/Southeast Asia (S/SEA) at a country level and vegetation types. We also quantified the fire frequencies, anomalies and climate drivers. MODIS data suggested India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Myanmar as having the most fires. Also, the VIIRS-detected fires were higher than MODIS (AQUA and TERRA) by a factor of 7 and 5 in S/SEA. Thirty percent of S/SEA had recurrent fires with the most in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. Statistically-significant increasing fire trends were found for India (p = 0.004), Cambodia (p = 0.001), and Vietnam (p = 0.050) whereas Timor Leste (p = 0.004) had a decreasing trend. An increasing trend in fire radiative power (FRP) were found for Cambodia (p = 0.005), India (0.039), and Pakistan (0.06) and declining trend in Afghanistan (0.041). Fire trends from VIIRS were not significant due to limited duration of data. In S/SEA, fires in croplands were equally frequent as in forests, with increasing fires in India, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Specific to climate drivers, precipitation could explain more variations in fires than the temperature with stronger correlations in Southeast Asia than South Asia. Our results on fire statistics including spatial geography, variations, frequencies, anomalies, trends, and climate drivers can be useful for fire management in S/SEA countries.
Red Blood Cell Membrane Bioengineered Zr-89 Labelled Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere for Overcoming Phagocytosis
Authors: Lee Jun Young , Vyas Chirag K. , Kim Gun Gyun , Choi Pyeong Seok , Hur Min Goo , Yang Seung Dae , Kong Young Bae , Lee Eun Je , Park Jeong Hoon
Published: May 2019

Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been actively studied for their biological compatibility due to its distinguished abilities viz. long-term circulation, low toxicity, ease for surface modification, and its ability to avoid phagocytosis of NPs by macrophages. Coating the NPs with a variety of cell membranes bearing the immune control proteins increases drug efficacy while complementing the intrinsic advantages of the NPs. In this study, efforts were made to introduce oxophilic radiometal 89Zr with hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs) having abundant silanol groups and were bioengineered with red blood cell membrane (Rm) having cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) protein to evaluate its long-term in vivo behavior. We were successful in demonstrating the increased in vivo stability of synthesized Rm-camouflaged, 89Zr-labelled HMSNs with the markedly reduced 89Zr release. Rm camouflaged 89Zr-HMSNs effectively accumulated in the tumor by avoiding phagocytosis of macrophages. In addition, re-injecting the Rm isolated using the blood of the same animal helped to overcome the immune barrier. This novel strategy can be applied extensively to identify the long-term in vivo behavior of nano-drugs while enhancing their biocompatibility.
Author Correction: Automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer tissue microarrays via deep learning
Authors: Arvaniti Eirini , Fricker Kim S. , Moret Michael , Rupp Niels , Hermanns Thomas , Fankhauser Christian , Wey Norbert , Wild Peter J. , Rüschoff Jan H. , Claassen Manfred
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
On decomposition, degradation, and voltammetric deviation: the electrochemist's field guide to identifying precatalyst transformation
Authors: Lee Katherine J. , McCarthy Brian D. , Dempsey Jillian L.
Published: May 2019

What is the identity of the true electrocatalytic species?
Performance and properties of coking nanofiltration concentrate treatment and membrane fouling mitigation by an Fe(ii)/persulfate-coagulation-ultrafiltration process
Authors: Yang Ming , Chen Jiabin , Peng Boyu , Yu Zhenjiang , Chu Huaqiang , Zhou Xuefei
Published: May 2019

The removal effect of organics and the feasibility of membrane fouling mitigation with Fe(ii)/PS-PFS coupling technology.
A non-conjugated polyethylenimine copolymer-based unorthodox nanoprobe for bioimaging and related mechanism exploration
Authors: Shao Leihou , Wan Kaiwei , Wang Hui , Cui Yankun , Zhao Caiyan , Lu Jianqing , Li Xianlei , Chen Long , Cui Xinyue , Wang Xuan , Deng Xiongwei , Shi Xinghua , Wu Yan
Published: May 2019

A non-conjugated polyethylenimine copolymer-based nanoprobe for lysosome-specific staining and tumor-targeted bioimaging and related mechanism exploration.
Plasma-treated Ti3+-doped sodium titanate nanosheet arrays on titanium foil as a lithiophilic current collector for a stable lithium metal anode
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luan Jingyi , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2019

Ar/H2 plasma-treated Ti3+-doped sodium titanate nanosheet arrays on titanium foil can induce a uniform lithium deposition.
Photophysical characterization of new and efficient synthetic sunscreens
Authors: Losantos Raúl , Lamas Iker , Montero Raúl , Longarte Asier , Sampedro Diego
Published: May 2019

The photoprotective capabilities of a family of synthetic MAA analogues have been investigated.
An accurate density functional theory for the vapor–liquid interface of chain molecules based on the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable range for Mie chainlike fluids
Authors: Algaba Jesús , Míguez José Manuel , Mendiboure Bruno , Blas Felipe J.
Published: May 2019

A new Helmholtz free energy density functional is presented to predict the vapor–liquid interface of chainlike molecules.
Causes of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based thin films: an ab initio perspective
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Gong Nanbo , Ma Tso-Ping , Ismail-Beigi Sohrab
Published: May 2019

The combined effects of doping and biaxial strain explain the transformation of HfO2 grains into the ferroelectric phase observed during thermal annealing.
Atomic-level crystallization in selective laser melting fabricated Zr-based metallic glasses
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Haishun , Mo Jinyong , Wang Mingzi , Chen Zhe , He Yezeng , Yang Weiming , Tang Chunguang
Published: May 2019

Scan speed impacts greatly on average temperature variation rate and thus atomic-level changes in clusters and crystallization.
The performance of adsorption, dissociation and diffusion mechanism of hydrogen on the Ti-doped ZrCo(110) surface
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Kong Xianggang , Han Huilei , Sang Ge , Zhang Guanghui , Gao Tao
Published: May 2019

Compared with pristine ZrCo(110), the adsorption, dissociation, and successive diffusion of hydrogen on the Ti-decorated ZrCo(110) have been investigated based on first-principles calculation.
Ultrafine Au nanoparticles anchored on Bi2MoO6 with abundant surface oxygen vacancies for efficient oxygen molecule activation
Authors: Guo Li , Zhao Qiang , Shen Huidong , Han Xuanxuan , Zhang Kailai , Wang Danjun , Fu Feng , Xu Bin
Published: May 2019

Au NPs were anchored on Bi2MoO6 with rich SOVs to improve O2 activation for photocatalytic degradation of phenol and dye.
Hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces: current and future
Authors: Movafaghi Sanli , Wang Wei , Bark David L. , Dasi Lakshmi P. , Popat Ketul C. , Kota Arun K.
Published: May 2019

In this review, we critically examine the progress made in characterizing the hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces and identify the potential challenges and opportunities for future research.
Highly conductive carbon-based aqueous inks toward electroluminescent devices, printed capacitive sensors and flexible wearable electronics
Authors: Liao Yu , Zhang Rui , Wang Hongxia , Ye Shuangli , Zhou Yihua , Ma Taolin , Zhu Junqing , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Qian Jun
Published: May 2019

Carbon-based conductive inks are one of the most important materials in the field of printing electronics.
Visualization of the intracellular location and stability of DNA flowers with a label-free fluorescent probe
Authors: Wei Yu , Xu Xuehui , Shang Yingxu , Jiang Qiao , Li Can , Ding Baoquan
Published: May 2019

We present a label-free fluorescent strategy to study the intracellular location and stability of RCA-based DNA flower in live cells.
Natural stibnite ore (Sb2S3) embedded in sulfur-doped carbon sheets: enhanced electrochemical properties as anode for sodium ions storage
Authors: Deng Mingxiang , Li Sijie , Hong Wanwan , Jiang Yunling , Xu Wei , Shuai Honglei , Li Hui , Wang Wenlei , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: May 2019

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has drawn widespread attention as an ideal candidate anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity of 946 mA h g−1 in conversion and alloy reactions.
Capping experiments reveal multiple surface active sites in CeO2 and their cooperative catalysis
Authors: Ren Xiaoning , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Yehong , Lu Jianmin , An Jinghua , Zhang Jian , Wang Min , Wang Xinkui , Luo Yi
Published: May 2019

Capping with pyridine, benzoic acid, and DMSO in catalytic reactions reveals the locations of surface active sites of CeO2.
Silver nanoparticles stabilized with a silicon nanocrystal shell and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Inoue Asuka , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru
Published: May 2019

The antimicrobial activity of a hybrid nanoparticle (NP) composed of a silver (Ag) NP core decorated with silicon (Si) nanocrystals (NCs) on the exterior (Ag/Si NPs) is evaluated.
Assembly structures and dynamics of active colloidal cells
Authors: Shan Wen-jie , Zhang Fei , Tian Wen-de , Chen Kang
Published: May 2019

The phase separation of deformable sACCs is strongly suppressed and in a dense cluster, they still have high motility.
Functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas: from metal free catalysis to sensing
Authors: Bourda Laurens , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Van Deun Rik , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: May 2019

A functionalized PMO was used as a metal-free catalyst in CO2fixation and, after grafting with Ln3+ions, in various luminescence applications.
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanoparticles: a theoretical aspect
Authors: Nam Yeonsig , Lim Jong Hyeon , Ko Kyoung Chul , Lee Jin Yong
Published: May 2019

Recent theoretical studies on geometric and chemical modification strategies, band engineering, and charge carrier dynamics of TiO2nanoparticles are discussed.
MoCl5 as a dual-function redox mediator for Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Wang Xin-Gai , Zhang Zihe , Zhang Qinming , Wang Chengyi , Zhang Xin , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen
Published: May 2019

Li–O2 batteries suffer from high polarization and low energy density partly due to the film-like insulating product of Li2O2. These problems could be alleviated by a dual-function redox mediator, MoCl5, which promotes both discharge and charge processes.
A Janus gold nanowire electrode for stretchable micro-supercapacitors with distinct capacitances
Authors: An Tiance , Zhu Bowen , Ling Yunzhi , Gong Shu , Cheng Wenlong
Published: May 2019

Enokitake-like gold nanowires are used to fabricate stretchable micro-supercapacitors, showing discriminative capacitive features.
Selectivity for ethanol partial oxidation: the unique chemistry of single-atom alloy catalysts on Au, Ag, and Cu(111)
Authors: Li Hao , Chai Wenrui , Henkelman Graeme
Published: May 2019

Doping of a strong-binding single-atom element into inert close-packed substrates leads to highly active and selective initial dehydrogenation at the α-C–H site of adsorbed ethanol.
Highly sensitive optical ratiometric thermal sensing based on the three-photon upconversion luminescence of Y2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ nano-thermometers
Authors: Li Leipeng , Qin Feng , Li Lu , Gao Hong , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: May 2019

The highest relative thermal sensitivity for Er3+-based thermometers is reported following 980 nm laser excitation.
Mid- to far-infrared sensing: SrTiO3, a novel optical material
Authors: Kalfagiannis N. , Stoner J. L. , Hillier J. , Vangelidis I. , Lidorikis E.
Published: May 2019

SrTiO3 as a disruptive technological solution to the inflated expectations of plasmonics, targeting the mid and far infrared wavelengths.
Plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases are regulated to maintain activity in the light
Authors: Preiser Alyssa L. , Fisher Nicholas , Banerjee Aparajita , Sharkey Thomas D.
Published: May 2019

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) can initiate the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) shunt around the Calvin–Benson cycle. To understand the regulation of flux through this pathway, we have characterized the biochemical parameters and redox regulation of the three functional plastidic isoforms of Arabidopsis G6PDH. When purified, recombinant proteins were measured, all three exhibited significant substrate inhibition by G6P but not NADP+, making the determination of enzyme kinetic parameters complex. We found that the half-saturation concentration of G6PDH isoform 1 is increased under reducing conditions. The other two isoforms exhibit less redox regulation, however, isoform 2 is strongly inhibited by NADPH. Redox regulation of G6PDH1 can be partially reversed by hydrogen peroxide or protected against by the presence of its substrate, G6P. Overall, our results support the conclusion that G6PDH can have significant activity throughout the day and can be dynamically regulated to allow or prevent flux through the glucose-6-phosphate shunt.
Cost‐effective inductive power transfer charging system for electric bicycles with variable charging current using primary‐side detuned series‐series topology
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Mingxuan , Kou Zhihao , He Zhengyou , Mai Ruikun
Published: May 2019

Due to the convenience and long travelling distance, electric bicycles (EBs) are becoming more and more popular. Charging EBs with inductive power transfer (IPT) technology can free people from wearisome plugging actions and avoid electric shock hazards. However, the cost, including component cost and control cost, is a big challenge for the extensive promotion of the IPT charging systems (IPTCSs) for EBs. This article proposes an IPTCS using primary‐side detuned series‐series (SS) compensation topology, cancelling control scheme and reducing the component cost. With the proposed parametric design method, the IPTCS can operate with variable charging current according to the variable equivalent resistance of a battery. Besides, the inductive input impedance is guaranteed to achieve soft switching for the high‐frequency inverter. An experimental setup is constructed to validate the proposed method. The performance shows that the charging current decreases from 1.8 to 0.1 A, and charging voltage increase from 42.23 to 54.01 V during the whole charging process, where the maximum efficiency of the IPTCS can reach up to 92.8%. The results demonstrate the proposed IPTCS is a cost‐effective and potential solution for charging EBs.
Design of mesoscopic photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Ferrara Benedetta , Grande Marco , Calò Giovanna , D'Orazio Antonella , Petruzzelli Vincenzo , Dagens Beatrice , Monmayrant Antoine , Gauthier‐Lafaye Olivier , Magno Giovanni
Published: May 2019

The authors numerically analyse the performance of a mesoscopic photonic crystal (MPhC) waveguide that could be exploited to develop a new class of routing elements and a cascadable circuitry taking advantage of the spatial and spectral reconfigurability that this structure offers. The design of the MPhC was performed by means of the 3D plane wave expansion method (3D‐MPB code), while the MPhC waveguide has been analysed by a 3D‐FDTD code. The numerical results show that the MPhC waveguide exhibits minimal reflections at PhC input interfaces without either affecting the feasibility or the complexity of the structure, high transmission, strong mesoscopic self‐collimation and discrete translational invariance. Moreover, the influence of the characteristics of the Gaussian source on the collimation phenomenon has been explored by considering different values of the waist radius.
Use of fractional‐conductor windings and semi‐magnetic slot wedges in synchronous machines
Authors: Donaghy‐Spargo Christopher , Spargo Anthony
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses two methods of altering the harmonic content of the spatial air‐gap flux density waveform in synchronous machines (generators and motors). First, fractional‐conductor windings are analysed for adoption as a replacement for a conventional distributed winding arrangement, their advantages and disadvantages briefly discussed and an example design scenario presented. Second, analysis and discussion regarding the use of semi‐magnetic slot wedges as a replacement for glass‐fibre type wedges is presented to complement the choice of winding in synchronous machines. Both methods are shown to benefit machine performance under certain circumstances.
Detection and classification of turn fault and high‐resistance connection fault in inverter‐fed permanent magnet machines based on high‐frequency signals
Authors: Hu Rongguang , Wang Jiabin , Mills Andrew , Chong Ellis , Sun Zhigang
Published: May 2019

Winding turn fault and high‐resistance connection (HRC) fault will lead to different consequences and require different mitigation actions. In this study, the differentiating features between a turn fault and HRC fault are analysed and compared in a three‐phase surface‐mounted permanent magnet machine fed by the inverter with pulse‐width‐modulation voltages. The resultant high‐frequency components in both voltages and currents are utilised for the fault detection and classification based on the high‐frequency impedance and ripple current, without requiring modifications to the machine or interface design. Extensive simulations show that this method is capable of fault detection and classification in both transient and steady‐state operations.
New volume consistent approximation for binary breakage Population Balance Equation and its convergence analysis
Authors: Singh Mehakpreet , Matsoukas Themis , Albadarin Ahmad B. , Walker Gavin
Published: May 2019

This work is focused on developing a numerical approximation based on finite volume scheme to solve a binary breakage population balance equation (PBE). The mathematical convergence analysis of the proposed scheme is discussed in detail for different grids. The proposed scheme is mathematical simple and can be implemented easily on general grids. The numerical results and findings are validated against the existing scheme over different benchmark problems. All numerical predictions demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly accurate and efficient as compared to the existing method. Moreover, the theoretical observations concerning order of convergence are verified with the numerical order of convergence which shows second order convergence irrespective of grid chosen for discretization. The proposed scheme will be the first ever numerical approximation for a binary breakage PBE free from that the particles are concentrated on the representative of the cell.
A new perceptually weighted cost function in deep neural network based speech enhancement systems
Authors: Goli Peyman
Published: May 2019

Speech intelligibility improvement is an important task to increase human perception in telecommunication systems and hearing aids when the speech is degraded by the background noises. Although, deep neural network (DNN) based learning architectures which use mean square error (MSE) as the cost function has been found to be very successful in speech enhancement areas, they typically attempt to enhance the speech quality by uniformly optimizing the separation of a target speech signal from a noisy observation over all frequency bands. In this work, we propose a new cost function which further focuses on speech intelligibility improvement based on a psychoacoustic model. The band-importance function, which is a principal component of speech intelligibility index (SII), has been used to determine the relative contribution to speech intelligibility provided by each frequency band in learning algorithm. In addition, we augment a signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation to the network to improve the generalization of the method to unseen noisy conditions. The performance of the proposed MSE cost function is compared with the conventional MSE cost function in the same conditions. Our approach shows better performance in objective speech intelligibility measures such as coherence SII (CSII) and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI), while mitigating quality scores in perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and speech distortion (SD) measure.
Matrix wreath products of algebras and embedding theorems
Authors: Alahmadi Adel , Alsulami Hamed , Jain S. , Zelmanov Efim
Published: May 2019

We introduce a new construction of matrix wreath products of algebras that is similar to wreath products of groups. We then use it to prove embedding theorems for Jacobson radical, nil, and primitive algebras. In §6, we construct finitely generated nil algebras of arbitrary Gelfand-Kirillov dimension

≥
8

\geq 8

over a countable field which answers a question from [New trends in noncommutative algebra, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2012, pp. 41–52].
Interval Garside structures for the complex braid groups 𝐵(𝑒,𝑒,𝑛)
Authors: Neaime Georges
Published: May 2019

We define geodesic normal forms for the general series of complex reflection groupsG(e,e,n)G(e,e,n). This requires the elaboration of a combinatorial technique in order to explicitly determine minimal word representatives of the elements ofG(e,e,n)G(e,e,n)over the generating set of the presentation of Corran–Picantin. Using these geodesic normal forms, we construct intervals inG(e,e,n)G(e,e,n)that are proven to be lattices. This gives rise to interval Garside groups. We determine which of these groups are isomorphic to the complex braid groupB(e,e,n)B(e,e,n)and get a complete classification. For the other Garside groups that appear in our construction, we provide some of their properties and compute their second integral homology groups in order to understand these new structures.