bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying key features of Islamic mobile apps through fuzzy Kano’s model
Authors: Baran Tamer , Barutçu Süleyman
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the major attractive design features of Islamic mobile apps that have the greatest impact on consumer satisfaction using the Kano model, an organized approach to specify consumer requirements and expectation through a preference classification technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative research method, the data were obtained through a self-administered online survey. A total of 1,262 useable data were analysed through fuzzy Kano model method.

Findings

The results suggest that while the pictures, sounds and advertisements are the most important attractive design features for hijab clothing mobile apps users’ satisfaction, the least important design features are payment methods, colour and using an Islamic (Muslim) calendar.

Research limitations/implications

The key limitation of the present study is that the data had to be gathered by convenience sampling method due to financial and time costs pressure since the study was not supported by any sponsor, and the aim was to obtain the data quicker.

Practical implications

The current paper presents crucial theoretical and managerial implications for future research by integrating the Kano model with Islamic mobile app development-related theoretical models for designing and developing Islamic mobile apps.

Originality/value

Though there were some studies on mobile application design, this paper separates from previous studies in several aspects. Firstly, the study is one of the few practice papers that focuses on Islamic mobile application design through consumer culture theory. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that addresses the topic using the method of the current study.
Unpacking virtues: a process to deepen perspectives on leader character
Authors: Bright David S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This manuscript presents a process for students to identify, articulate, and refine their intrinsic assumptions and beliefs about leadership character virtues. A leadership virtue is a deep property of leadership character encompassing habituated thoughts, emotions, motivations, and intentions. Increasingly, scholars are calling for an exploration of character in leadership development. Accordingly, this exercise aims to help students develop greater self-awareness and deepen their intentions about the dimensions of character that are important to them, fostering a sense of introspection and personal growth.

Design/methodology/approach

This activity invites students to explore and practice virtues they may want to be known for as leaders. Specifically, this activity introduces students to the essential elements of any human virtue: benefits, behaviors, mindset, emotions and balance.

Findings

Students who complete this exercise feel a stronger sense of purpose in whom they strive to become leaders.

Practical implications

The most important value of this exercise is the holistic framework for unpacking the different dimensions of character virtue. The exploration of virtues in leadership education needs to account for the complexity of character virtues.

Originality/value

This approach is consistent with calls from scholars in virtue ethics and positive social science for more robust theories of virtues. Every student will benefit from the opportunity to reflect on their assumptions about beliefs about how to develop and exercise leadership character. Leaders may repeat this exercise as they mature and their character is tested.
Not a human, not for green? The effectiveness of virtual influencers endorsing green products
Authors: Wang Jianming , Ye Guotao , Yang Jingshu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Influencer marketing has emerged as a key strategy for brands to promote green products. The effectiveness of virtual influencers – a newer type of endorser – for these products remains unclear. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of virtual and human influencers in promoting green products and to uncover the key mechanisms that drive their influence.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the hypotheses were examined across three experimental studies. Study 1 initially investigated the effectiveness of virtual influencers in endorsing green products. Study 2 identified perceived altruistic motivation and perceived congruence of product and influencer as key mechanisms. Study 3 explored the moderating effect of language type (rational vs emotional).

Findings

The findings indicate that virtual influencers are generally less effective than human influencers in promoting green products, largely due to lower perceived altruistic motivation and congruence. Yet, using rational language in promotional posts can enhance the effectiveness of virtual influencers in endorsing these products.

Originality/value

This study combines the mind perception theory with the match-up hypothesis to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of perceived altruistic motivation and congruence, specifically from an emotional perspective, based on the unique attributes of virtual influencers and green products. These insights guide brands in selecting suitable endorsers for green products in the context of increasing environmental awareness and digitalization.
Local or global innovation? The impact of R&D investments and training
Authors: Barakat Livia , Pedersen Torben , Spitzeck Heiko
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore means for promoting local and global innovation, where two mechanisms play a key role: R&D investments and training. The authors suggest that, given their different purposes, R&D investments and training moderate the relationships between knowledge sourcing and both local and global innovation in different ways.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the hypotheses on a sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) (headquarters of Brazilian multinationals and subsidiaries of foreign multinationals) operating in Brazil, an emerging market. Respondent companies were sourced from the Bovespa Stock Exchange list and a local Best Companies Ranking. Roughly 1,000 companies were invited to participate in an annual survey over an eight-year period (2012–2019) via an online questionnaire. The final sample comprises 108 observations from 87 companies. Hypotheses were tested using a hierarchical linear model in the software R. By measuring the variables at two points in time with a five-year gap, the authors can infer cause and effect relationships.

Findings

The results confirm all of the hypotheses. R&D investments positively moderate the relationship between knowledge sourcing and local innovation (H1) and negatively moderate the relationship between knowledge sourcing and global innovation (H2). Training has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge sourcing and global innovation (H3) and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge sourcing and local innovation (H4).

Practical implications

No one practice can enhance the effect of knowledge sourcing on both local innovation and global innovation. Firms looking to foster local innovation should concentrate on increasing R&D investments, while firms wishing to foster global innovation should focus on providing training to their employees.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by discussing the particularities of local and global innovation and exploring mechanisms (i.e. R&D investments and training) that can foster or hinder local and global innovation. The authors advance the extant literature on location choices for R&D activities by exploring the mechanisms that affect the type of market targeted by such innovation (local or global), thereby addressing calls for more studies on how local knowledge activities affect overall MNC innovation. The authors also respond to calls for more studies on the role of human resource management (HRM) practices, such as training, in fostering innovation, especially in emerging markets.
Determinants and antecedents of social conductivity in project relationships
Authors: Guribie Francis Lanme , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Badu Edward , Edwards David John
Published: January 2025

Purpose

There is a clear gap in the literature regarding the factors that determine social conductivity (extent of interactions) in project relationships. This study aims to use social capital theory to answer the research question – What factors determine social conductivity in project relationships?

Design/methodology/approach

In the study, the authors use fuzzy synthetic evaluation based on the findings from a survey of 203 project practitioners to quantify the impacts of three principal components of factors determining social conductivity in project relationships.

Findings

The study findings reveal the structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of project social capital are all significant (impact levels exceeding 3.50) for determining social conductivity in project relationships. However, the study’s main finding reveals – issues relating to the cognitive dimension of project social capital are the most critical factors determining social conductivity in project relationships (a criticality index of 4.326).

Practical implications

This study provides evidence of varieties of ways social capital can boost the conductivity of project relationships.

Originality/value

The key contributions of this study are linked to the manner in which project social capital determines social conductivity in project relationships. The findings add to previous research by extending the dimensions of the factors that increase social conductivity from relational project social capital to include two new dimensions (the cognitive and structural dimensions of project social capital).
From Straight Lines to Twists and Turns: Finding Patterns Between Socio‐Economics and Unequal Health Outcomes in the Life Course
Authors: Goijaerts Janna , van der Zwan Natascha , Bussemaker Jet
Published: January 2025

Despite welfare state expansion in liberal democracies during the 20th century, health inequalities between socio‐economic groups persist. Understanding individuals' lived experiences can inform policy for reducing unequal health outcomes in these lives. We build on Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT), which posits that low socio‐economic status is the fundamental cause of health problems in (later) life. We argue that this theory is incomplete in developing policy interventions to tackle unequal health outcomes, because it assumes the relationship between socio‐economic status and health to be linear and unidirectional. Based on our findings from biographic interviews of 15 disadvantaged individuals in the Netherlands, we propose a refinement of FCT by taking into account the complex life trajectories of individuals experiencing unequal health outcomes. Specifically, we argue that these individuals' trajectories can be broken down into at least five distinct patterns (ping‐pong, snowball, escalator, quicksand and lever) between socio‐economic and health issues. These patterns provide a theoretical addition to the existing FCT on the dynamics of life trajectories, the intensity with which problems develop and the importance of external factors. This helps not only to understand the emergence of health problems, but also to imagine more suitable policy responses.
Completeness and quality of comprehensive managed care data compared with fee‐for‐service data in national Medicaid claims from 2001 to 2019
Authors: Samples Hillary , Lloyd Kristen , Ryali Radha , Martins Silvia S. , Cerdá Magdalena , Hasin Deborah , Crystal Stephen , Olfson Mark
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the completeness and quality of Medicaid comprehensive managed care (CMC) data in national MAX/TAF research files.

Study Setting and Design

This observational study compared CMC with fee‐for‐service (FFS) enrollee data in 2001–2019 Medicaid MAX/TAF inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy files. Completeness was assessed as the proportion of enrollees with any claim and mean claims per enrollee with any claim. Quality was assessed as the proportion of inpatient and outpatient claims with primary diagnosis and procedure codes and the proportion of prescription drug claims with fill dates, National Drug Codes (NDC), days supplied, and quantity dispensed. Acceptable ranges for each study measure were defined as the national FFS mean ± 2 standard deviations.

Data Sources and Analytic Sample

We analyzed secondary data on 45 states from 2001 to 2013 (MAX) and 50 states and DC from 2014 to 2019 (TAF). The sample included adults aged 18–64 with continuous calendar‐year enrollment who were eligible for full Medicaid benefits and ineligible for Medicare. We determined CMC enrollment rates and assessed data completeness and quality among state‐years with ≥10% CMC penetration, comparing CMC with FFS enrollees.

Principal Findings

Across 891 state‐years, 194,364,647 enrollees met inclusion criteria. Of 540 state‐years (60.6%) with ≥10% CMC enrollment, CMC data were largely comparable to national FFS distributions for all inpatient (n = 430; 79.6%), outpatient (n = 467, 86.5%), and prescription (n = 459, 85.0%) completeness criteria and for all inpatient (n = 449, 83.1%), outpatient (n = 511, 94.6%), and prescription (n = 528, 97.8%) quality criteria. Overall completeness (92.3%) and quality (84.6%) improved substantially by 2019.

Conclusions

Completeness and quality of CMC data were largely comparable to FFS data, with increasing state‐years meeting criteria over time. Further research on national Medicaid populations should assess and address differences in data completeness and quality by plan type across states, over time, and in relation to specific study samples and measures of interest.
“Raman plus X” dual‐modal spectroscopy technology for food analysis: A review
Authors: Ma Lixin , Yang Xiaonan , Xue Shanshan , Zhou Ruiyun , Wang Chen , Guo Zhiming , Wang Yansong , Cai Jianrong
Published: January 2025

Raman spectroscopy, a nondestructive optical technique that provides detailed chemical information, has attracted growing interest in the food industry. Complementary spectroscopic methods, such as near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and fluorescence spectroscopy (Flu), enhance Raman spectroscopy's capabilities in various applications. The integration of Raman with these techniques, termed “Raman plus X,” has shown significant potential in agri‐food analysis. This review highlights the latest advances and applications of dual‐modal spectroscopy methods combining Raman spectroscopy with NIR, NMR, THz, LIBS, and Flu in food analysis. Key applications include detecting harmful contaminants, evaluating food quality, identifying adulteration, and characterizing structure. The synergistic use of Raman‐based dual‐modal spectroscopy provides more comprehensive information and improves modeling accuracy compared to single techniques. The review also explores the role of data fusion in multisource spectral analysis and discusses challenges and prospects of “Raman plus X,” including the development of integrated hardware and advanced data fusion algorithms. These advancements aim to streamline multisource data analysis, offering valuable insights to select appropriate analytical methods for practical applications in the food industry.
Research outputs after the Coursework Pathway
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Tan Gim A. , O'Reilly Gerard M. , Jennings Paul A. , Roman Cristina P. , Hocking Jessica , Cameron Peter A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to quantify research outputs after completing a Coursework Pathway (CP).

Methods

Emergency medicine trainees who completed a CP during 2012–2022 were included. Research outputs were identified using Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed and Google Scholar.

Results

Among 545 eligible candidates, 129 (23.7%) published at least one manuscript, with 319 publications over the study period. There was a significant increase in publications since course completion (IRR 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09–1.18).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of trainees who completed the CP published subsequent research. This provides a measure for emergency clinicians undertaking research projects after completing the CP.
Issuing of albumin solutions to Danish public hospitals—A nationwide, retrospective, observational study based on pharmacy data from 2022
Authors: Aabye Jeppe , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Ellekjær Karen Louise
Published: January 2025

Background

Intravenous albumin is used for resuscitation and substitution but is not supported by high‐certainty evidence. As clinical practice likely varies, we aimed to describe the issuing of albumin solutions across Danish public hospitals.

Methods

We assessed issuing of intravenous albumin solutions (5% and 20%) to all Danish public hospitals in 2022. We compared the issuing of albumin relative to total amount of issued fluids (comprising colloid and isotonic crystalloid solutions) at a regional, hospital, and departmental level. We used purchasing data from Danish regional hospital pharmacies as an estimate for the issuing of fluids. Data are presented by standard descriptive summaries.

Results

The total amount of fluid issued across Danish public hospitals in 2022 was 1,543,199 L, of which 14,888 L (1%) constituted albumin solutions. The issuing of albumin differed across geographical regions ranging from 0.4% to 1.6% of total fluid use. More albumin was issued to university hospitals (1.2%) than non‐university hospitals (0.7%). At the departmental level, proportional issuing of albumin was highest to intensive care units (ICUs) (2.9%) followed by anaesthesia departments (2.2%), medical departments (0.8%), surgical departments (0.3%), and emergency departments (0.1%). We also found geographical differences in the proportional issuing of albumin across ICUs (from 1.1% to 5.2%) and anaesthesia departments (from 0.2% to 5.6%).

Conclusions

In this nationwide study on the issuing of albumin, we observed differences across regional, hospital, and departmental settings. Particularly, the proportional issuing of albumin solutions to ICUs and anaesthesia departments differed across geographical regions suggesting marked practice variation.
CALB1 and RPL23 Are Essential for Maintaining Oocyte Quality and Function During Aging
Authors: Han Yingxue , Du Zihuan , Wu Hao , Zhao Rong , Liu Jikang , Gao Shuai , Zeng Shenming
Published: January 2025

With advancing age, significant changes occur in the female reproductive system, the most notable of which is the decline in oocyte quality, a key factor affecting female fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying oocyte aging remain poorly understood. In this study, we obtained oocytes from aged and young female mice and performed single‐cell transcriptome sequencing, comparing our findings with existing proteomic analyses. Our analysis revealed that one of the primary characteristics of aging oocytes is the disruption of calcium ion homeostasis. Specifically, we identified two key genes involved in the oocyte aging process, Calb1 and Rpl23. Experimental validation demonstrated that knockdown of CALB1 in oocytes led to reduced calcium ion levels in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and meiotic defects. Further experiments suggested that RPL23 may function as a downstream gene of CALB1, and its knockdown caused mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and spindle assembly defects. Notably, overexpression of these two genes in aging oocytes partially rescued the maternal age‐related defective phenotypes, underscoring their crucial roles in oocyte aging. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying mouse oocyte aging at single‐cell resolution, supported by experimental validation, and offers new directions and potential targets for future research into age‐related reproductive health issues.
Genetic Confounding of the Association Between Age at First Hormonal Contraception and Depression
Authors: Mundy Jessica , Hall Alisha S. M. , Agerbo Esben , Albiñana Clara , Steinbach Jette , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J. , Østergaard Søren D. , Musliner Katherine L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous research has shown that females who use hormonal contraception are at increased risk of developing depression, and that the risk is highest among adolescents. While this finding could reflect age‐specific effects of exogenous hormones on mental health, genetic liability for mental disorders could be confounding the association. Our goal was to test the plausibility of this hypothesis by determining whether polygenic liabilities for major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with younger age at hormonal contraception initiation.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using data from the Danish iPSYCH2015 sub‐cohort, a representative sample of people born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2008. Polygenic scores (PGSs) for MDD, BD, SCZ, and ADHD were created using the most recent genome‐wide association study meta‐analyses from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Associations between PGSs and hormonal contraception initiation in the following age categories: 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, and 25+ were examined via Cox regression. We examined any hormonal contraception, oral contraception, and non‐oral contraception.

Results

PGS‐MDD and PGS‐ADHD showed the strongest associations with hormonal contraception initiation at age 10–14 (PGS‐ADHD: HR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.16–1.27], p = 6.16 x 10−18; PGS‐MDD: 1.21 [1.16–1.27], p = 1.22 x 10−17). The associations then steadily decreased as age at hormonal contraception initiation increased. Both PGS‐MDD and PGS‐ADHD were also associated with initiation at ages 15–19, but not at 20–24 or 25+. PGS‐BD and PGS‐SCZ were also associated, albeit not as strongly, with initiation at age 10–14 only (PGS‐BD: 1.07 [1.02–1.13], p = 6.87 × 10−3; PGS‐SCZ: 1.09 [1.04–1.14], p = 8.61 × 10−4).

Conclusions and Relevance

These results suggest that genetic confounding could explain some of the association between early hormonal contraception use and depression. Where possible, researchers studying this important topic should account for possible confounding by genetic liability for mental disorders.
Leaf‐cutter bee damage on Lauraceae leaves from the middle Eocene Anglesea fossil site conflicts with current phylogenies for megachilids (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Australia
Authors: Thomas Megan , Hill Robert , Austin Andrew
Published: January 2025

Damage to the margin and surface of fossil leaves has been used to identify the likely insect groups involved and to track potential changes in insect communities through evolutionary time. The Anglesea fossil site in Victoria, Australia, has a rich array of fossil leaves preserved in clay and clay‐sand through six fossil lenses dated at late middle Eocene, ~40 Ma. Examination of a large number of fossil leaves and comparison to Northern Hemisphere fossils and modern damage has resulted in 12 with unique margin excisions postulated to be caused by megachilid leaf‐cutter bees. Such findings precede the current dated megachilid phylogeny by ~24 million years. This study aims to draw attention to this discrepancy which may have implications for the understanding of megachilid dispersal events into Australia.
Single versus double stapled anastomosis in natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) laparoscopic anterior resection
Authors: Raju Abdus Salam , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad Javad , Gilmore Andrew James
Published: January 2025

Background

Laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (NOSE) has shown benefits such as reduced pain, fewer wound complications, and improved cosmesis. In colorectal anastomosis during NOSE, double staple anastomosis (DSA) and triple stapled technique (TSA) are common. However, a novel single stapled anastomosis (SSA) technique, utilising two laparoscopically placed purse strings and only four 5 mm ports, has emerged. This study aims to compare the complications between single and double stapled anastomoses in NOSE LAR.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of NOSE LAR data from 2011 to 2022 included patients. All patients received mechanical bowel preparation, colonoscopic instillation of betadine or chlorhexidine, and antibiotics. DSA was performed conventionally, while the SSA technique involved an additional rectal laparoscopic purse string. Fisher's exact test assessed anastomotic leak rates and the need for intraoperative revisions.

Results

Analysis of 179 patients revealed 40 with SSA and 139 with DSA. Patient age ranged from 20 to 88 years, with a BMI between 22 and 46 kg/m2. Diverticulitis and malignant polyps, the most common indications. Operation duration was similar between groups (238 min in SSA, 234 min in DSA; P = 0.69). Intraoperative laparoscopic anastomotic redo was significantly higher in the SSA group (six patients) than the DSA group (five patients; P = <0.05). No anastomotic leaks occurred in the SSA group, while six occurred in the DSA group (P = 0.34). There was no significant difference in Length of Stay (LOS), (5 days in SSA versus 6 days in DSA group, P = 0.29).

Conclusions

Single stapled anastomosis in NOSE LAR appears safe for benign conditions but is more likely to necessitate intraoperative redo compared to double stapled anastomosis.
The severity of the first occurrence of bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing asthma symptoms
Authors: Agossah Cedric , Marie Julien , Bendoukha Yasmine , Vallet Cecile , Brouard Jacques , Brossier David
Published: January 2025

Aim

The relationship between bronchiolitis and asthma is complex. We assessed whether patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with bronchiolitis had a greater risk of developing asthma than patients admitted to a paediatric ward.

Methods

We retrospectively included children under 1 year of age, who were hospitalised for bronchiolitis for the first time at the University Hospital of Caen, France, between 2010 and 2014. The children were divided into two groups: 89 were admitted to the paediatric ward and 89 were admitted to the PICU. We wanted to assess which group developed more asthma before 6 years of age. The Global Initiative for Asthma definition was used.

Results

The median age of the 178 children (55% boys) was 32 (interquartile range 19–56) days. We found that 35% of the PICU group and 19% of the ward group had asthma at 6 years of age. The mean onset of symptoms was 3 years earlier in the PICU group than the ward group (p < 0.01). Both these findings were significant.

Conclusion

The severity of the first episode of bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing asthma symptoms. Regular follow‐ups are suggested for infants admitted to PICUs for bronchiolitis.
Hate crime law associations with mental health and discrimination experiences among transgender and gender diverse adults
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Fording Richard C. , Kaniuka Andréa R. , Tucker Raymond P. , Diaz‐Garelli Franck , Hill Ryan M. , Brooks Byron , Hanson Brenda
Published: January 2025

State‐level hate crime laws are a proposed solution for pernicious effects endured by transgender and gender diverse (e.g., no‐binary, queer) (TGD) communities. The present study investigated the following correlates of psychological distress, suicidal behavior, and discrimination experiences among TGD adults: State‐level hate crime law statutes (e.g., gender identity protection), state‐level attitudes (e.g., conservative ideology), and individual‐level marginalized identities (e.g., sexual minority status). Participants were all TGD adults in the 2015 United States Transgender Survey (USTS). We merged three data sources: the USTS, Cooperative Congressional Election Study, and the Anti‐Defamation League's Hate Crime Map. We employed bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Prominent findings spanning the whole sample included: (a) worse psychological distress was associated with living in a state with greater anti‐TGD attitudes and an absence of gender identity protections; (b) worse 12‐month suicidal behavior was associated with living in a state with an absence of gender identity and police data collection statutes; and (c) holding multiple marginalized identities, particularly having a disability, was the strongest risk factor for experiencing negative outcomes. Findings are contextualized by debates about hate crime laws. We offer recommendations for mental health promotion and suicide prevention, hate crimes training, and future research.
Gender Dysphoria – The Importance of In‐depth Psychological Assessment
Authors: Evans Susan
Published: January 2025

The increasing prevalence of gender dysphoria or transgender identity in children and adolescents has raised clinical, ethical and psychological concerns, particularly regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of medical interventions. This paper explores the critical role of thorough psychological assessment in addressing gender dysphoria, with a focus on the closure of the Tavistock NHS Gender Identity Service (GIDS) and the findings of the Cass Review. The author draws on her clinical experience to argue for a comprehensive, individualized approach to the treatment of children and young adults with gender identity conflicts. Key issues discussed include the lack of a robust evidence base for early medical treatments, such as puberty blockers and cross‐sex hormones, and the ethical implications of medicalising the bodies of children before psychological and physical maturity. The paper argues that many children presenting with gender confusion may be navigating complex psychological conflicts, including issues of identity, sexual orientation, anxiety and trauma, and that rushing into potentially harmful and life‐changing medical treatments may remove opportunities for addressing these emotional struggles. The author critiques the affirmative model of treatment, advocating for a more cautious, holistic and empathetic framework that prioritises improved assessment, psychological support and the time required between early adolescent pubertal changes and full sexual, psychological maturation. The paper highlights the implications of the Bell v. Tavistock Judicial Review and questions the issue of informed consent to hormone treatments. The author calls for the restoration of ethical clinical practices aiming to reduce potential harm and improve long‐term outcomes.
Awareness, Acceptability and Factors Influencing Malaria Vaccine Uptake Among Caregivers of Children Under 5 in South‐Western Nigeria
Authors: Olumide Adeleke Thomas , Aigbiremo Oboh Mary , Yetunde Olasinde , Agnes Akinlosotu Morenike , Naomi Oluwasanya Alarape , Victoria Adeleke Oludamola , Samson Timothy Kayode
Published: January 2025

Background

Malaria remains a major cause of preventable deaths among children worldwide, despite the availability of several interventions for controlling and eliminating the disease. The WHO recommended the first malaria vaccine, RTS, S/AS01 in October 2021 to immunize children in sub‐Saharan Africa. In this study, we set out to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and acceptability of the malaria vaccine among mothers of under 5 in south‐west Nigeria before the vaccine's rollout in Nigeria.

Methods

We employed a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study for this study. A pretested semistructured, interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to elicit information from the study participants. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0).

Results

A total of 797 respondents participated in the study. Only 26.0% of the respondents were aware of the new vaccine. However, the majority (90.0%) were willing to accept the malaria vaccination and to pay for it (82.1%). The crude odds ratio reveals that the odds of awareness of the malaria vaccine were more than 5 times higher among those who have tertiary education (OR = 5.470, CI = 1.224–24.444) compared with those with primary education.

Conclusion

The level of awareness of the malarial vaccine is low among the caregivers of under 5 children living in south‐western Nigeria. However, the willingness to accept the vaccine is high. Recruiting, training and retraining of healthcare providers and other stakeholders with the designated role of providing health education on malaria prevention and vaccines are key in ensuring the success of malaria vaccination.
The Effect of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Fluid Biomarkers: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on the COAST
Authors: Zhao Bote , Zang Peixi , Quan Meina , Wang Qianqian , Guo Dongmei , Jia Jianping , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Aims

To analyze the effect of APOE ε4 on fluid biomarkers and the correlations between blood molecules and CSF biomarkers in AD patients.

Methods

This study enrolled 575 AD patients, 131 patients with non‐AD dementia, and 112 cognitively normal (CN) participants, and AD patients were divided into APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and blood‐derived biomolecules were compared between AD and CN groups, between non‐AD dementia and CN groups, as well as within APOE ε4 subgroups of AD patients. Utilizing Spearman's correlation analysis and quantile regression analysis, the relationships between blood‐derived biomolecules and CSF biomarkers were analyzed in APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers.

Results

The levels of CSF biomarkers and blood molecules exhibited significant differences between the AD and CN groups, including Aβ42, t‐tau, p‐tau 181, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and uric acid. In AD patients, APOE ε4 carriers had increased levels of CSF t‐tau, p‐tau 181, and plasma LDL. In the correlation and regression analyses, the negative relationships between plasma TG and t‐tau, between plasma TG and p‐tau 181 levels, as well as the positive relationship between serum IgA and CSF Aβ42, were observed significantly in APOE ε4+ AD groups, but not in APOE ε4− AD group.

Conclusion

APOE ε4 is associated with accelerated progression of AD pathology. The blood‐derived biomolecules correlated with CSF biomarkers in APOE ε4 carriers are related to neuroinflammation and lipid metabolism, which may indicate the role of APOE ε4 in AD pathophysiology and offer insights for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03653156
Metabolic Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Qin Xiaoxiao , Xie Yuan , Wang Lingyun , Wang Jinwen , Ji Shushen , Jiang Huihui , Wang Qun
Published: January 2025

Background

Metabolomics offers promise in uncovering potential biomarkers and understanding the pathophysiology of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), which is a cluster of disorders with the host immune system targeting self‐antigens expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In this research, our objective was to explore metabolic characterization in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals with AE, aiming to shed light on the pathophysiology of AE.

Methods

A targeted approach was applied using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) system to study CSF metabolites in patients with AE (n = 18), and control subjects without neurological diseases (n = 17).

Results

A total of 21 potential biomarkers were acquired by getting the intersection of the differential metabolites from univariate statistics and multidimensional statistics between the AE (cell‐based assay panel, CBA‐panel) group and the control group. Specifically, the levels of pyruvic acid and oxoglutaric acid were notably elevated in the AE(CBA‐panel) group compared to those in the control group, indicating that the dysregulated TCA cycle may play a pivotal role in the progression of AE(CBA‐panel). Interestingly, 27 potential biomarkers were acquired by getting the intersection of the differential metabolites from univariate statistics and multidimensional statistics between the anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) group and the control group, suggesting that the disparities between patients with greater homogeneity and the controls are amplified. In addition, seven differential metabolites were identified by the univariate statistics between the AE (tissue‐based assay, TBA) group and the control group, including alpha‐linolenic acid and gamma‐linolenic acid, suggesting that dysregulated biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and alpha‐linolenic acid metabolism might be crucial in the AE(TBA) disease course.

Conclusion

Collectively, distinct metabolic profiles were evident in the CSF of the AE group compared to the control group, notably involving metabolites associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of AE.
Empirical test of the participation paradox in conservation and development
Authors: Baral Nabin , Heinen Joel T. , Stern Marc J.
Published: January 2025

Local participation has been greatly promoted to accomplish conservation and development goals globally, but the participation paradox, in which those empowered to participate fail to do so, has rarely been thoroughly scrutinized. Here we test the participation paradox with empirical data of 234 local decision‐makers' participation in a decision‐making forum, Conservation Area Management Committees, in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in 2013 and 2016, analyzed, interpreted, and integrated. Women, minorities, younger members, and non‐elected members participated significantly less in decision‐making than men, older members, and elected members and those with leadership roles and longer tenures on the committees. Qualitative analyses revealed five major themes for motivation to participate: influence in the community; personal incentives; conservation; improving access to natural resources; and feelings of accomplishment. Key constraints to participation included hardships and competing tasks; lack of incentives; perceptions of limited agency; disinterest; and emotional burdens. Participation motivations and constraints varied by gender, social group, and membership types. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results for participatory approaches to conservation and sustainable development in general and the governance of protected areas in particular.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cannabidiol, Delta‐9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Metabolites in Healthy Adults After Administration by Multiple Routes
Authors: Qian Lixuan , Zhang Tao , Dinh Jean , Paine Mary F. , Zhou Zhu
Published: January 2025

The two most extensively studied cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are used for myriad conditions. THC is predominantly eliminated via the cytochromes P450 (CYPs), whereas CBD is eliminated through both CYPs and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The fractional contributions of these enzymes to cannabinoid metabolism have shown conflicting results among studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for CBD and THC and for drug–drug interaction studies involving CBD or THC as object drugs were developed and verified to improve estimates of these contributions. First, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters for CBD, THC, and their metabolites (7‐OH‐CBD, 11‐OH‐THC, and 11‐COOH‐THC) were obtained from the literature or optimized. Second, PBPK base models were developed for CBD and THC after intravenous administration. Third, beginning with the intravenous models, absorption models were developed for CBD after oral and oromucosal spray administration and for THC after oral, inhalation, and oromucosal spray administration. The full models well‐captured the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) of CBD and THC from the verification dataset. Predicted AUC and Cmax for CBD and 7‐OH‐CBD were within two‐fold of the observed data. For THC, 11‐OH‐THC, and 11‐COOH‐THC, 100%, 100%, and 83% of the predicted AUC values were within two‐fold, respectively, of the observed values; 100%, 92%, and 94% of the predicted Cmax values, respectively, were within two‐fold of the observed values. The verified models could be used to help address critical public health needs, including assessing potential drug interaction risks involving CBD and THC.
Population Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor to Optimize Dosing and Timing for CD34+ Cell Harvesting
Authors: Jiang Xu , Cha Jun Seok , Jin Byung Hak , Kim Choon Ok , Chae Dongwoo
Published: January 2025

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) mobilizes peripheral blood (PB) progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM) into circulation for PB stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) model of filgrastim in healthy subjects to optimize PB CD34+ cell collection. Plasma filgrastim concentrations and CD34+ cell count data were obtained from a clinical study involving healthy Korean subjects. A total of 1378 plasma concentration measurements and 982 CD34+ cell count data collected from 53 subjects were used in the PK‐PD model. Filgrastim PKs were adequately described by a one‐compartment linear disposition model with an additional transit compartment for absorption. Log‐transformed body weight was the only significant covariate affecting the volume of distribution and clearance. CD34+ cell mobilization was best captured by a modified Friberg model, assuming continual entry of proliferating BM stem cells into PB via a single transit compartment. Simulation results suggested that the 5 μg/kg twice‐daily dosing regimen may yield higher CD34+ cell counts compared to the 10 μg/kg once‐daily regimen for achieving target CD34+ cell counts of 20/μL and 50/μL. We successfully developed a robust PK‐PD model of G‐CSF that optimizes the yield of CD34+ cells during allogeneic PBSCT. This model can guide the efficient determination of optimal G‐CSF dosing regimens and CD34+ cell harvesting strategies.
A Patient With Concurrent Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Porokeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris Disseminata: Case Report and Review of Autoinflammatory Keratinization Diseases
Authors: Rogers Meredith C. , Ash Mark , Hernandez Amanda , Hosler Gregory A.
Published: January 2025

The term autoinflammatory keratinization diseases (AIKDs) was recently proposed as a unifying concept for diseases characterized by inflammation in the epidermis and upper dermis which leads to hyperkeratosis, caused by genetic perturbations of the innate immune system. We present a case of a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa and porokeratosis, two AIKDs, followed by a review of these conditions as well as other AIKDs. This case was distinguished by hypertrophic porokeratoses involving cystic hair follicles, showing histopathologic features of both conditions within single biopsy specimens. The patient's course was additionally complicated by SCC arising within a porokeratosis. Our case demonstrates a rare overlap of two AIKDs, occurring not only within the same patient but also within the same lesions.
The cardio‐metabolic protein profile is associated with development of type 2 diabetes at long term follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from the OGFUS study
Authors: Hallig Simone J. , Aalders Jori , Christensen Maria H. , Andersen Marianne S. , Vinter Christina A. , Dunne Fidelma , Højlund Kurt , Jensen Dorte M. , Overgaard Martin
Published: January 2025

Aims

Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk for later development of type 2 diabetes. During pregnancy, GDM affects the cardio‐metabolic protein profile; however, it is unknown how GDM affects the cardio‐metabolic protein profile in the long term and if it is associated with type 2 diabetes after GDM. We hypothesise that the cardio‐metabolic protein profile is affected long term and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes after GDM.

Materials and Methods

A case–control follow‐up study based on the Odense GDM Follow‐Up Study (OGFUS) cohort, which included women with previous GDM (n = 128) and matched controls without previous GDM (n = 70). Blood samples from a follow‐up assessment 8–10 years after delivery were analysed using a 29‐plex panel of apolipoproteins, transport and inflammation/immune proteins using multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mass spectrometry.

Results

Apolipoprotein A‐I, D and M were significantly lower in women with previous GDM compared to controls (all p < 0.001), while apolipoprotein L‐I, H, vitamin D binding protein, CRP, vitronectin, transthyretin and complement factors 3 and B were significantly higher (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). All associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing except CRP, whereas apolipoprotein D, vitronectin and complement factors 3 and B were associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in women with previous GDM (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

The cardio‐metabolic protein profile 8–10 years after pregnancy is altered in women with previous GDM. Apolipoprotein D, vitronectin and complement factors 3 and B are candidate risk markers of type 2 diabetes after GDM pregnancy.
Understanding Happiness Amidst COVID‐19: Exploring Relations, Religion and Trust
Authors: Ruberto Matteo A. , Gioeli Giulia , Rizzolli Matteo , Maruotti Antonello
Published: January 2025

In recent literature, various social implications arising from the COVID‐19 pandemic have been extensively deliberated upon. In this study, we introduce an ordinal random effects model designed to explore the changes in individual perceived happiness during periods of lockdown. We delve into the impact of diverse factors such as social and family relationships, spirituality, religiosity, and trust in institutions, alongside a range of demographic and economic variables. Our data set comprises responses from 1212 individuals in the United States gathered between March and April 2020. The findings reveal an anticipated decline in overall happiness during the COVID‐19 crisis, particularly noticeable within specific demographic and behavioural segments: social connections, trust, and religiosity exhibit nuanced variations, contingent upon the level of spirituality and the specific institutions under consideration.