bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and prospective validation of an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app for rapid intraoperative pituitary adenoma identification
Authors: Bou-Nassif Rabih , Reiner Anne S. , Pease Matthew , Bale Tejus , Cohen Marc A. , Rosenblum Marc , Tabar Viviane
Published: March 2024

Background

Intraoperative pathology consultation plays a crucial role in tumor surgery. The ability to accurately and rapidly distinguish tumor from normal tissue can greatly impact intraoperative surgical oncology management. However, this is dependent on the availability of a specialized pathologist for a reliable diagnosis. We developed and prospectively validated an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app capable of differentiating between pituitary adenoma and normal pituitary gland using stimulated Raman histology, almost instantly.

Methods

The study consisted of three parts. After data collection (part 1) and development of a deep learning-based smartphone app (part 2), we conducted a prospective study that included 40 consecutive patients with 194 samples to evaluate the app in real-time in a surgical setting (part 3). The smartphone app’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were evaluated by comparing the diagnosis rendered by the app to the ground-truth diagnosis set by a neuropathologist.

Results

The app exhibits a sensitivity of 96.1% (95% CI: 89.9–99.0%), specificity of 92.7% (95% CI: 74–99.3%), positive predictive value of 98% (95% CI: 92.2–99.8%), and negative predictive value of 86.4% (95% CI: 66.2–96.8%). An external validation of the smartphone app on 40 different adenoma tumors and a total of 191 scanned SRH specimens from a public database shows a sensitivity of 93.7% (95% CI: 89.3–96.7%).

Conclusions

The app can be readily expanded and repurposed to work on different types of tumors and optical images. Rapid recognition of normal versus tumor tissue during surgery may contribute to improved intraoperative surgical management and oncologic outcomes. In addition to the accelerated pathological assessments during surgery, this platform can be of great benefit in community hospitals and developing countries, where immediate access to a specialized pathologist during surgery is limited.
Assessing the sustainability of the European Green Deal and its interlin kages with the SDGs
Authors: Koundouri Phoebe , Alamanos Angelos , Plataniotis Angelos , Stavridis Charis , Perifanos Konstantinos , Devves Stathis
Published: March 2024

The European Green Deal (EGD) is the growth strategy for Europe, covering multiple domains, and aiming to an equitable, climate neutral European Union by 2050. The UN Agenda 2030, encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), establishes the foundation for a global sustainability transition. The integration of the SDGs into the EGD is an overlooked issue in the literature, despite Europe’s slow progress to achieve the sustainability targets. We employed a machine-learning text-mining method to evaluate the extent of SDG integration within the 74 EGD policy documents published during 2019–2023. The findings reveal a substantial alignment of EGD policies with SDGs related to clean energy (SDG7), climate action (SDG13), and sustainable consumption and production (SDG12). In contrast, there is a significant underrepresentation in areas related to social issues such as inequalities, poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, decent work, and peace, as indicated by lower alignment with SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 16. Temporal trends suggest a marginal increase in the attention given to environmental health (especially water and marine life) and gender equality. Furthermore, we illustrate the alignment of EGD policies with the six essential sustainability transformations proposed by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) in 2019 for the operationalization of the SDGs. The results indicate that besides the prevalence of “Energy Decarbonization and Sustainable Industry”, all areas have received attention, except for the “Health, Wellbeing and Demography”. The findings call for a more integrated approach to address the complete spectrum of sustainability in a balanced manner.
PRODH safeguards human naive pluripotency by limiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Qianyu , Chen Wenjie , Gong Zhiyuan , Kang Bo , Sui Meihua , Huang Liming , Wang Ying-Jie
Published: March 2024

Naive human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that resemble the pre-implantation epiblasts are fueled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but their mitochondrial regulators are poorly understood. Here we report that, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), a mitochondria-localized proline metabolism enzyme, is dramatically upregulated in naive hESCs compared to their primed counterparts. The upregulation of PRODH is induced by a reduction in c-Myc expression that is dependent on PD0325901, a MEK inhibitor routinely present in naive hESC culture media. PRODH knockdown in naive hESCs significantly promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that triggered autophagy, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Remarkably, MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, effectively restored the pluripotency and proliferation of PRODH-knockdown naive hESCs, indicating that PRODH maintains naive pluripotency by preventing excessive ROS production. Concomitantly, PRODH knockdown significantly slowed down the proteolytic degradation of multiple key mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins. Thus, we revealed a crucial role of PRODH in limiting mtOXPHOS and ROS production, and thereby safeguarding naive pluripotency of hESCs.
Phenylboronic acid modification-based novel dumbbell-shaped Au–Ag nanorod SERS substrates for ultrasensitive detection of SO42−
Authors: Shen Kang , Bi Caili , Yang Haifan , Xu Miaowen , Huang Lili , Wang Youwei
Published: March 2024

Based on the coordination principle of Lewis acids, a novel 4-MPBA-modified dumbbell-shaped Au–Ag nanorod (4-MPBA@DS Au–AgNR) SERS substrate was developed to realize the high sensitivity and specificity of SO42− detection.
Engineering of halohydrin dehalogenases for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (S)-4-aryl-2-oxazolidinones
Authors: Song Jinsong , Zhou Chuanhua , Chen Xi , Gu Yang , Xue Feng , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming
Published: March 2024

Cyanate-mediated epoxide ring-opening by halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) is a promising method for the synthesis of important optically pure 2-oxazolidinones.
Predicting small molecules solubility on endpoint devices using deep ensemble neural networks
Authors: Ramos Mayk Caldas , White Andrew D.
Published: March 2024

We propose a new way of deploying deep learning models to improve reproducibility and usability, making predictions with uncertainty.
Crucial size effect on dicarbonylation of acetylene over Pd/CsHPMo heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Xuemei Wei , Kai Wang , Guofeng Wu , Guoqi Yu , Hualiang Shen , Tao Cai , Yanjuan Luo , Tianbo Shang , Xinzhi Chen , Runpu Shen , Bin Hu
Published: March 2024

Carbonylation reaction shows “volcanic curve” with increasing Pd particle size, and 5 nm Pd nanoparticles with stronger “SMSI effect” was preferred. Electron-deficient Pd accelerated Pdδ+ ↔ Pd (0) cycle, which endows its high catalytic efficiency.
Stored white tea ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites
Authors: Lin Zhiyuan , Dai Weidong , Hu Shanshan , Chen Dan , Yan Han , Zeng Liang , Lin Zhi
Published: March 2024

Stored white tea ameliorates colitis by decreasing the abundance of g_bacteroides and g_Escherichia-Shigella flora and promoting the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids in the colon.
Molecular networking-guided investigation of the secondary metabolome of four Morus species and their in vivo neuroprotective potential for the mitigation of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hegazi Nesrine M. , Mohamed Tarik A. , Salama Abeer , Hamed Ahmed R. , Saad Hamada H. , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Reda Eman H. , Elsayed Ahmed A. A. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Paré Paul W. , Efferth Thomas , Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F.
Published: March 2024

Neuroprotective effects of Morus speices for the mitigation of Alzeheimer's Disease and investigation of their secondary metabolome diversity.
Single-crystalline WSe2 nanoflakes as efficient electrocatalysts
Authors: Brune Veronika , Hartl Fabian , Fischer Thomas , Aytuna Ziyaad , Patrun David , Hillebrand David , Mathur Sanjay
Published: March 2024

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 2D WSe2 nanoflakes from a single molecular source for efficient electrocatalysis.
Synthesis of heat storage ceramic λ-Ti3O5 using titanium chloride as the starting material
Authors: Kubota Tomoko , Seiki Riku , Fujisawa Akito , Fadilla Akhmad Fadel , Jia Fangda , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Tokoro Hiroko
Published: March 2024

Simple synthesis method for λ-Ti3O5 was reported. The λ-Ti3O5 transitions to β-Ti3O5 with 7.78 kJ mol−1 of heat energy by 300 MPa pressure applying. The relationship between crystalline volume and threshold pressure were studied.
Imidazopyrimidine: from a relatively exotic scaffold to an evolving structural motif in drug discovery
Authors: Chowdhury Moumita Ghosh , Kalmegh Vaishnavi , Kapoor Saumya , Kamble Vaishnavi , Shard Amit
Published: March 2024

The significance of the imidazopyrimidine ring in drug discovery and development lies in its versatile applications across various medicinal chemistry domains.
Nanoassemblies of heptamethine cyanine dye-initiated poly(amino acid) enhance ROS generation for effective antitumour phototherapy
Authors: Chen Pengwen , Li Shangwei , Xu Zhining , Cabral Horacio
Published: March 2024

IR783-based nanoassemblies of pol(amino acids) promote antitumor efficacy through enhanced ROS generation and tumor targeting.
First-principles study of the oxidation susceptibility of WS2, WSe2, and WTe2 monolayers
Authors: Rawat Ashima , Patra Lokanath , Pandey Ravindra , Karna Shashi P.
Published: March 2024

The environmental stability of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers is of great importance for their applications in electronic, photonic, and energy storage devices.
A simple method for floating graphene oxide films facilitates nanoscale investigations of ion and water adsorption
Authors: Kumal Raju R. , Carr Amanda J. , Uysal Ahmet
Published: March 2024

Nanoscale graphene oxide (GO) thin films at the air/water interface are excellent experimental models to understand molecular-scale interactions of ions and water with GO.
Bio-based unsaturated polyester resin from post-consumer PET
Authors: Rubeš David , Vinklárek Jaromír , Podzimek Štěpán , Honzíček Jan
Published: March 2024

Styrene-free unsaturated polyester resin synthesized from post-consumer PET is described.
Synergistic acceleration of machine learning and molecular docking for prostate-specific antigen ligand design
Authors: Lin Shao-Long , Chen Yan-Song , Liu Ruo-Yu , Zhu Mei-Ying , Zhu Tian , Wang Ming-Qi , Liu Bao-Quan
Published: March 2024

By employing a million-level virtual screening to obtain potential PSA compounds and effectively guiding the synthesis using machine learning methods, we obtained lead compounds that exhibited significantly improved binding affinity for PSA.
A pyridinium-based strategy for lysine-selective protein modification and chemoproteomic profiling in live cells
Authors: Wan Chuan , Yang Dongyan , Song Chunli , Liang Mingchan , An Yuhao , Lian Chenshan , Dai Chuan , Ye Yuxin , Yin Feng , Wang Rui , Li Zigang
Published: March 2024

The utilization of the cationic-pyridinium activated ester strategy facilitates the chemoselective labeling of lysine residues within proteins, enabling activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) both in vitro and in live cells.
Streamlining the automated discovery of porous organic cages
Authors: Basford Annabel R. , Bennett Steven K. , Xiao Muye , Turcani Lukas , Allen Jasmine , Jelfs Kim. E. , Greenaway Rebecca L.
Published: March 2024

Efficiently merging low-cost high-throughput screening and characterisation, automated data analysis, computational modelling, and cagey – a custom database analysis tool, enhances large-scale data curation and accelerates discovery of organic cages.
Bending creep behaviour of various polymer films analysed by surface strain measurement
Authors: Yu Jiayi , Kishino Masayuki , Hisano Kyohei , Shishido Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Polymer films subjected to a static bending state exhibit temporal strain increase due to their viscoelastic nature. We quantitatively measured the surface strain change in various polymer films in real time and gained insights into the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Probing wrapping dynamics of spherical nanoparticles by 3D vesicles using force-based simulations
Authors: Redwan Didarul Ahasan , Du Ke , Yong Xin
Published: March 2024

This computational study shows that the interactions between nanoparticles and vesicles of diverse shapes are influenced not just by particle size and the extent of wrapping, but also by their initial positions and the sequence of interactions.
Hybrid protein microspheres and their responsive release behaviors and inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis
Authors: Hwang Ee Taek , Yoon Yeahwa , Kim Ka Ram , Lee Chan Hee , Jeon Kyung Chan , Min Ji Ho , Lee Jae Won , Kim Jangyong
Published: March 2024

In this study, the formation of protein microspheres through lysosomal enzyme-assisted biomineralized crystallization was demonstrated.
Dual second harmonic generation and up-conversion photoluminescence emission in highly-optimized LiNbO3 nanocrystals doped and co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3+
Authors: Bredillet K. , Riporto F. , Guo T. , Dhouib A. , Multian V. , Monnier V. , Figueras Llussà P. , Beauquis S. , Bonacina L. , Mugnier Y. , Le Dantec R.
Published: March 2024

Simultaneous emission of second harmonic and up-conversion signals from colloidal suspensions of highly-doped LiNbO3 nanocrystals with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions.
Visible light-triggered non-deoxygenated PET–RAFT polymerization by heterogeneous conjugated microporous polymer photocatalysts
Authors: Cao Xin , Lu Zhen , Yang Hongjie , Zhao Rui , Xiao Longqiang , Hou Linxi
Published: March 2024

A novel pyrene-based heterogeneous conjugated microporous polymer photocatalyst can mediate oxygen-tolerant PET–RAFT polymerization without prior deoxygenation.
Shock-induced plastic deformation of nanopowder Ti during consolidation and spallation
Authors: He Debing , Wang Mingyang , Bi Wenbo , Wang Liang
Published: March 2024

The plasticity and GB-sliding at lower velocities, and melt-induced the flow deformation at the higher velocities, contribute to the shock consolidation of nanopowder Ti.
Tuning a palladium(ii) phthalocyanine embedded hybrid electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hadimane Sowmyashree , Aralekallu Shambhulinga , Sannegowda Lokesh Koodlur
Published: March 2024

Energy is an essential component of life, and its production and utilization must be compatible with the ecosystem.
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers through dopant miscibility: a comparative study of fluorinated substituents and side-chain lengths
Authors: Ding Jian-Fa , Chen Guan-Lin , Liu Pang-Hsiao , Tseng Kai-Wei , Wu Wei-Ni , Lin Jhih-Min , Tung Shih-Huang , Wang Leeyih , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: March 2024

Through designing molecules to enhance dopant miscibility, comprehensive research was conducted to optimize the thermoelectric performance.
Chemical recycling of post-consumer PET into high-performance polymer aerogels
Authors: Liu Zihe , Liu Shunjie , Zhang Hongming , Wang Xianhong
Published: March 2024

A chemical upcycling route from post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles/fibers to high-performance polymer aerogels is proposed.
Food-waste-derived hydrochar to a low-cost p-type semiconducting photocatalyst (Zn–Al@HC): multifunctional role in real wastewater treatment and environmental sustainability
Authors: Yadav Shraddha , Priyadarshini Monali , Ahmad Azhan , Ghangrekar Makarand M. , Dubey Brajesh K.
Published: March 2024

Valorisation of food waste digestate-based hydrochar to a photocatalyst (Zn–Al@HC). Effective salicylic acid degradation (94.45 ± 0.65%) by waste-derived Zn–Al@HC. Energy-economic valuation implies practical feasibility of Zn–Al@HC for upscaling.
Thin-film type in situ polymerized composite solid electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Song Young-Woong , Park Sang-Jun , Lee Hyochan , Kim Min-Young , Kim Ho-Sung , Kang Sung-Won , Lee Sanghyun , Kim Yooshin , Kim Jaekook , Lim Jinsub
Published: March 2024

High-performance solid-state batteries were manufactured by preparing a thin-film-type composite solid electrolyte through in situ polymerization.
DPT‐tracker: Dual pooling transformer for efficient visual tracking
Authors: Fang Yang , Xie Bailian , Khairuddin Uswah , Min Zijian , Jiang Bingbing , Li Weisheng
Published: March 2024

Transformer tracking always takes paired template and search images as encoder input and conduct feature extraction and target‐search feature correlation by self and/or cross attention operations, thus the model complexity will grow quadratically with the number of input images. To alleviate the burden of this tracking paradigm and facilitate practical deployment of Transformer‐based trackers, we propose a dual pooling transformer tracking framework, dubbed as DPT, which consists of three components: a simple yet efficient spatiotemporal attention model (SAM), a mutual correlation pooling Transformer (MCPT) and a multiscale aggregation pooling Transformer (MAPT). SAM is designed to gracefully aggregates temporal dynamics and spatial appearance information of multi‐frame templates along space‐time dimensions. MCPT aims to capture multi‐scale pooled and correlated contextual features, which is followed by MAPT that aggregates multi‐scale features into a unified feature representation for tracking prediction. DPT tracker achieves AUC score of 69.5 on LaSOT and precision score of 82.8 on TrackingNet while maintaining a shorter sequence length of attention tokens, fewer parameters and FLOPs compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) Transformer tracking methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DPT tracker yields a strong real‐time tracking baseline with a good trade‐off between tracking performance and inference efficiency.
Multi‐granularity feature enhancement network for maritime ship detection
Authors: Ying Li , Miao Duoqian , Zhang Zhifei , Zhang Hongyun , Pedrycz Witold
Published: March 2024

Due to the characteristics of high resolution and rich texture information, visible light images are widely used for maritime ship detection. However, these images are susceptible to sea fog and ships of different sizes, which can result in missed detections and false alarms, ultimately resulting in lower detection accuracy. To address these issues, a novel multi‐granularity feature enhancement network, MFENet, which includes a three‐way dehazing module (3WDM) and a multi‐granularity feature enhancement module (MFEM) is proposed. The 3WDM eliminates sea fog interference by using an image clarity automatic classification algorithm based on three‐way decisions and FFA‐Net to obtain clear image samples. Additionally, the MFEM improves the accuracy of detecting ships of different sizes by utilising an improved super‐resolution reconstruction convolutional neural network to enhance the resolution and semantic representation capability of the feature maps from YOLOv7. Experimental results demonstrate that MFENet surpasses the other 15 competing models in terms of the mean Average Precision metric on two benchmark datasets, achieving 96.28% on the McShips dataset and 97.71% on the SeaShips dataset.
Stochastic optimal investment strategy for net‐zero energy houses
Authors: Li Mengmou , Tanaka Taichi , Carnerero A. Daniel , Wasa Yasuaki , Hirata Kenji , Fujisaki Yasumasa , Ushifusa Yoshiaki , Hatanaka Takeshi
Published: March 2024

In this research, Net‐Zero Energy Houses (ZEHs) is investigated that harness regionally produced electricity from photovoltaic (PV) panels and fuel cells, integrating them into a local power system in pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality. This article examines the impact of electricity sharing among users who are working towards attaining ZEH status through the integration of PV panels and battery storage devices. Two potential scenarios are proposed: the first assumes that all users individually invest in storage devices, hence minimizing their costs on a local level without energy sharing; the second envisions cost minimization through the collective use of a shared storage device, managed by a central manager. These two scenarios are formulated as a stochastic convex optimization and a cooperative game, respectively. To tackle the stochastic challenges posed by multiple random variables, the Monte Carlo sample average approximation (SAA) is applied to obtain solvable deterministic convex problems. Last, to demonstrate the practical applicability of these models, the proposed scenarios are implemented in the Jono neighborhood in Kitakyushu, Japan.
Phase Transition of Thermally Treated Polyhedral Nano Nickel Oxide with Reduced Band Gap
Authors: Phogat Peeyush , Shreya  , Jha Ranjana , Singh Sukhvir
Published: March 2024

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a semiconducting material which exhibits a unique electronic structure. Because of its distinctive electronic properties, NiO stands as an intriguing candidate for various applications in optoelectronics, photo catalysis, and energy devices such as solar cells. In the present work efforts have been made to tailor the band gap of NiO. A simple co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment is utilized to synthesize the material. Prior to heat treatment, x-ray diffraction study of the as synthesized material showed the presence of nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2]. On calcination for one hour at 1000oC, a single phase NiO wasrevealed. After heat treatment it was noticed that the particle size was found to be increased. The absorption spectra of [Ni(OH)2] and NiO were recorded using UV-Vis spectroscopy method. Using Tauc plot a band gap of 4.2 eV and 1.8 eV for Ni(OH)2 and NiO was observed respectively. It is observed that a significant decrease in band gap of NiO was noticed. Surface morphological study was carried out by using FESEM, which revealed the transformation of sheet like structures of [Ni(OH)2] to polyhedral shaped NiO on calcination. The presence of nickel and oxygen was confirmed by the energy dispersive spectrometry analysis.
Reduction mechanism of hydrothermally synthesized wide band gap ZnWO4 nanorods for HER application
Authors: Shreya  , Phogat Peeyush , Singh Sukhvir , Jha Ranjana
Published: March 2024

This manuscript presents a detailed investigation of the synthesis of zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) nanoparticles and various characterizations of the as-synthesized sample to reveal its potential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The study focuses on a simple and efficient hydrothermal method that facilitates the production of ZnWO4 nanoparticles, which involves the controlled reaction between zinc and tungstate ions in a specific solution. The resulting ZnWO4 nanoparticles were characterized by various characterization techniques which include XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM and electrochemical study to get insights into their size, structure, properties and electrochemical behaviour. The characterization includes the analysis of the nanoparticles' structural features and optical properties. The material’s electrochemical properties were also investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentio electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS). The charge transfer process was studied for the material revealing its diffusion controlled behaviour and reduction peaks in the cathodic region. These properties suggest that the material is a potential candidate for HER catalysis.
Optimization of Manufacturing Plant Layout Using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) Method
Authors: Badharinath E. , Reddy V. Diwakar , Kumar P. Sravan , Damodaram A.K.
Published: March 2024

The plant shop floor layout of a company manufactures gear bush is analysed in this study along with the application of the systematic layout planning (SLP) technique as a means of resolving the issue.The interaction between machines, operational tasks, and material flow is taken into consideration when deciding where each machine should be placed. The relationship between machines and plant area has looked into in detail, together with the activity relationship chart, process chart and plant layout. The proposed production shop floor plan was designed using the SLP technique, and the performance of the proposed layout in terms of material travelling distance, travel time, and labour cost was compared to that of the existing layout. The measures included the layout's actual sizes, the activities between machines, the separation between machines, and the material travelling between machines in the plant. The total distance travelled by the material is reduced to 799ft. from 1227ft., production is doubled and ideal time is eliminated.
Modelling and Analysis on the Fatigue Life of Gas Turbine Compressor Disc
Authors: Mahakur Vijay Kumar , Rao A.C. Umamaheshwer , Reddy Pathapalli Venkateshwar
Published: March 2024

The disc itself revolves at an extremely rapid pace, putting a lot of strain on the turbine compressor disc. This exceptionally stressed part provides an impact on a particular location such as a bore, bolt hole, slot, or fillet. The bore area of the disc is an especially crucial zone, since any failure there would result in an unprecedented breakdown of the entire turbine. So in this study, the finite-element approach is employed to offer a numerical estimate of the lifespan of a gas turbine prototype disc. Engine start-up and shutdown, as well as significant throttle fluctuations during operation, can cause cyclic tensile stresses in this area. These cyclic tensile stresses will surpass the component's yield strength and may potentially induce low cycle fatigue failure. As a result, there is a need to improve the fatigue and fracture lifetime of the bore area in order to meet the expanding design life requirements.
A comprehensive study on the design and computational analysis of an air swirl burner
Authors: Dhyani Devansh , Phade Swayam
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on optimizing the design of a vane-type air swirl burner, along with a computational analysis comparing the combustion of diesel and hydrogen fuel within the same burner. For the combustion simulations, a coupled approach was employed involving a Lagrangian approach with the Discrete Phase Model to track the trajectories of fuel particles providing a comprehensive understanding of the particulate dynamics within the system. This research aimed to analyze hydrogen's potential as a sustainable energy carrier in comparison to its conventional counterparts such as diesel fuel. The results showed that the contours of hydrogen fuel revealed a well-defined and intense flame front whereas it was not the same in the case of diesel fuel which had a less intense flame front.
Novel design of VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for transportation of medical supplies
Authors: Tripathi Ashish , Gopaliya Shiv Manjaree
Published: March 2024

Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) based Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) allow quick, safe, and effective transit of resources from one place to another. Its primary objective is to complete its mission in a short time, thus, making it more useful during emergency cases such as road accidents. A novel design for VTOP UAVs has been proposed in this paper. A mobile application has been created to send and receive commands. The cost estimation and analysis have been carried out for the development and deployment of this device in a real-life scenario. VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are a novel design for the transportation of medical supplies that aim to significantly increase the flight range and endurance compared to conventional aircraft rotorcraft configurations. The overall conceptual design, modelling and computational simulation of this design are presented.
Physiotherapie bei Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp und Migräne
Authors: Schäfer Benjamin , Lüdtke Kerstin
Published: March 2024

Migräne und Kopfschmerzen gehen oft mit Nackenschmerzen einher. Ob die Nackenschmerzen Symptom, Auslöser oder aufrechterhaltender Faktor der Kopfschmerzen sind, muss im Einzelfall durch eine Anamnese und eine evidenzbasierte Untersuchung festgestellt werden. Grundlage für diese Wechselwirkungen sind Konvergenzen des N. trigeminus mit afferenten Fasern der Spinalnerven C1–3 im trigeminalen Kerngebiet. Es existieren mittlerweile mehrere Übersichtsarbeiten, in denen muskuloskelettale Auffälligkeiten sowie die Wirksamkeit physiotherapeutischer Techniken analysiert werden. Demnach werden 5 physiotherapeutische Tests empfohlen, die bei Patienten mit Migräne häufiger positiv sind als bei Kontrollprobanden. In mehreren Reviews wird auf die Notwendigkeit einer Kombination von Techniken hingewiesen (Hands-off und Hands-on). Durch diese multimodalen Ansätze lassen sich bei einem Teil der Patienten Kopfschmerzen lindern und Migräneattacken reduzieren. Weitere methodisch solide Studien sind notwendig, um die Ergebnisse zu stützen.
Neufassung des § 64 StGB und dessen Bedeutung für die Unterbringung von suchtkranken Rechtsbrechern im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Soyka Michael
Published: March 2024

Zum 01.10.2023 ist die Neufassung des § 64 StGB, der die Maßregel (Unterbringung psychisch kranker Rechtsbrecher mit Suchterkrankungen) bedingt, in Kraft getreten. Die Neufassung zielt auf eine deutliche Beschränkung der Zahl der nach § 64 StGB untergebrachten Straftäter ab. Das Vorliegen und der Schweregrad einer Substanzkonsumstörung, ihre Bedeutung (Zusammenhang) mit der angeklagten Anlasstat und die Erfolgsaussichten einer Unterbringung nach § 64 StGB müssen genau begründet werden. Die Neufassung wird erhebliche Bedeutung für die Gutachtens- und Rechtspraxis haben.
Kehlkopfmodelle in der Stimmforschung und ihre Anwendung
Authors: Kniesburges Stefan
Published: March 2024

Die menschliche Stimme wird durch zwei vibrierende Stimmlippen im Kehlkopf erzeugt, was beim wachen Patienten nur eingeschränkt direkt im Kehlkopf untersucht werden kann. Experimentelle und numerische Modelle des Kehlkopfs können dabei helfen mehr Informationen zu gewinnen. In diesem Beitrag werden Modelltypen vorgestellt und ihr Einsatz in zwei Studien zur Funktion der Taschenfalten und zur endoskopischen Bestimmung der Gewebeeigenschaften erläutert.
Effect of 12-week SPARQ training on the ability of youth football players
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Tai Feng , Yu Shibo
Published: March 2024

Aim To evaluate the effect of a 12-week physical training regime comprising five components – speed, power, agility, reaction, quickness – on young football players’ performance in terms of their capacity to move quickly in different phases.

Methods The football players were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The rapid change of direction mobility was systematically investigated by using outdoor tests, the Illinois 505 Agility Test, the Square Pace Test, the Nebraska Agility Test, and the T-Shape Agility Test.

Results With the intervention of training, considerable improvements were detected in all indicators, with the SPARQ training approach outperforming.

Conclusion The combined results indicate that SPARQ training can deliver favourable efficiency in terms of enhancing the agility of young football players.
Online-Befragung: realistische Erfolgsquoten und Trends beim operativen Septumperforationsverschluss
Authors: Lindemann Jörg , Scheithauer Marc , Sommer Fabian , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Schneider Sophie
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund In der Literatur beschriebene Erfolgsquoten (EQ) operativer Septumperforationsverschlüsse (SPV) von über 90 % erscheinen aufgrund der Komplexität des SPV zu hoch. Ziel der Befragung war die Erhebung subjektiver EQ sowie aktueller operativer Trends unter deutschen HNO-Ärzten.

Material und Methoden Eine anonyme Online-Befragung wurde unter deutschen HNO-Fachärzten durchgeführt. 356 Ärzte nahmen teil. Die erhobenen EQ wurden statistisch ausgewertet und die operativen Trends analysiert. Es gilt ein Signifikanzniveau α = 0,05. Die EQ wurden für 3 verschiedene Größenkategorien erhoben (<1 cm, 1–2 cm, >2 cm).

Ergebnisse Die EQ für SPV <1 cm (Median 79%) war höher als die für 1–2 cm (60%) und >2 cm (40%). Operierende Ärzte schätzten die EQ signifikant höher ein (90%, 75%, 50%; p-Wert je <0,001) als Nicht-Operierende (80%, 50%, 25%). Krankenhausärzte (90%, 70%, 50%) gaben signifikant höhere EQ als ambulante Ärzte an (80%, 50%, 30%, p-Wert je <0,001). Es wurde kein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Gesamtzahl durchgeführter SPV und den EQ festgestellt (r <1cm=0,16, r1–2cm=0,18, r >2cm=0,19). Die meisten SPV wurden mit der Brückenklappentechnik (73%), einem geschlossenen Zugangsweg (85%), einem Interponat (74%) und postoperativer Schienung (94%) durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerungen Die subjektiven EQ legen nahe, dass diese in der Realität niedriger einzuschätzen sind als in der Literatur. Dies kann an kurzen Follow-up-Zeiten, kleinen Patientenkollektiven und dem retrospektiven Design bestehender Studien liegen. Die Vielzahl operativer Möglichkeiten bestätigt die Komplexität des SPV. Eine Optimierung des Designs zukünftiger Studien könnte helfen, realistische EQ zu erheben.
Temporal Trend in Maternal Morbidity and Comorbidity
Authors: Diab Yara H. , Huang Jim , Nehme Lea , Saade George , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the temporal trends of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in the U.S. population in relation to trends in maternal comorbidity.

Study Design We performed a repeated cross-sectional analysis of data from individuals at 20 weeks' gestation or greater using U.S. birth certificate data from 2011 to 2021. Our primary outcome was SMM defined as the occurrence of intensive care unit admission, eclampsia, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, and blood product transfusion. We also examined the proportions of maternal comorbidity. Outcomes of the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CIs) for 2021 m12 compared with 2011 m1 were calculated using negative binomial regression, controlling for predefined confounders.

Results There were 42,504,125 births included in the analysis. From 2011 m1 to 2021 m12, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of advanced maternal age (35–39 [45%], 40–44 [29%], and ≥45 [43%] years), morbid obesity (body mass index 40–49.9 [66%], 50–59.9 [91%], and 60–69.9 [98%]), previous cesarean delivery (14%), chronic hypertension (104%), pregestational diabetes (64%), pregnancy-associated hypertension (240%), gestational diabetes (74%), and preterm delivery at 34 to 36 weeks (12%). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of multiple gestation (9%), preterm delivery at 22 to 27 weeks (9%), and preterm delivery at 20 to 21 weeks (22%). From 2011 m1 to 2021 m12, the incidence of SMM increased from 0.7 to 1.0% (crude IRR 1.60 [99% CI 1.54–1.66]). However, the trend was no longer statistically significant after controlling for confounders (adjusted IRR 1.01 [95% CI 0.81–1.27]). The main comorbidity that was associated with the increase in SMM was pregnancy-associated hypertension.

Conclusion The rise in the prevalence of comorbidity in pregnancy seems to fuel the rise in SMM. Interventions to prevent SMM should include the management and prevention of pregnancy-associated hypertension.

Key Points
Climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence nexus in Tanzania
Authors: Kitole Felician Andrew , Mbukwa Justine N. , Tibamanya Felister Y. , Sesabo Jennifer Kasanda
Published: March 2024

The impact of climate change on food security and public health has hindered poverty reduction efforts in developing nations, including Tanzania, resulting in the impoverishment of millions and compromising both health and food production. To unravel these complex interactions, rigorous scientific research is indispensable. Leveraging three waves of the Agriculture Sample Census (2002/03, 2007/08, 2019/20), this study meticulously examines the interplay between climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence in Tanzania. Employing Instrumental Variable Probit and Control Function Approach models to address endogeneity and heterogeneity, temperature anomalies serve as instrumental variables. The findings reveal a substantial impact of climate change on both food security (−0.331142, p < 0.01) and diarrhoea incidence (0.214602, p < 0.01). These results signify that climate change places significant stress on food security, rendering households more susceptible to insecurities, and heightens health concerns through increased diarrhoea prevalence. This underscores the urgency of prioritizing public health and well-being through an agricultural lens in climate change mitigation. A comprehensive strategy is imperative, entailing a synergy of sustainable agricultural practices, robust public health interventions, and targeted policies to fortify the adaptive capacity of communities. Special emphasis should be placed on cultivating climate-resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security, and implementing health programs tailored to address the unique challenges posed by climate-induced factors. Moreover, community engagement and awareness initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering a collective understanding and commitment to sustainable practices, contributing to the overall resilience of societies amidst the challenges of climate change.
Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation
Authors: Oelmann J.-H. , Guth L. , Heldt T. , Griesbach N. , Hector R. , Lackmann N. , Nauta J. , Pfeifer T. , Crespo López-Urrutia J. R.
Published: March 2024

We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular pumps, and subsequently compresses the gas to a pressure of up to 200 bar. By drastically reducing the waste of expensive gases such as xenon and krypton, it enables the long operation times needed for spectroscopic measurements, as well as for continuous operation of the XUV frequency comb.
Investigation of the role of charge injection and Coulomb force during the melting of phase-change materials under constant temperature boundary conditions
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Cotton James S.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an investigation of the melting of dielectric material in a rectangular cavity under the effect of electrohydrodynamics (EHD). First, phase-change modeling is implemented to simulate the melting performance of paraffin wax without EHD under constant temperature boundary conditions until a steady-state condition is achieved. Next, the whole set of coupled EHD equations is introduced to the model, with the Coulomb force using a Heaviside function for charge injection being the only electrical body force considered. Finally, the numerical model is implemented using the finite element method to solve for the electric field, flow field, temperature field, and charge transport. The numerical results show that, under the effect of EHD, melting continues due to the generation of electroconvection cells in the liquid phase-change material and the flow field manifests as two symmetric rotational cells generated between every two successive electrodes. The flow field causes the redistribution of the temperature field in the liquid bulk, which enhances the heat transfer. Melting continues until a steady-state condition is almost reestablished after about one hour. The enhancement factor, defined as the ratio of the EHD melt thickness to the steady-state melt thickness without EHD, is 2.33 at 6 kV applied voltage.
Goniometric accuracy and compensation methods for full-space laser positioning systems
Authors: Zhu Qing , Su Yu , Zhang Zhen , Liu Fei , Liu Qing
Published: March 2024

The accurate large-scale positioning system is a novel full-space laser positioning system that has the advantages of automatic and multi-node parallel measurement and sub-millimeter positioning accuracy, and it has become an important component in the digital manufacturing of large equipment. Goniometric accuracy is particularly important for the evaluation of system function and accuracy improvement. An improved goniometric accuracy calibration method is proposed to assess the goniometric accuracy by using multiple measurement points to fit the mapping relationship between the goniometric measurement of the system and the goniometric measurement of the multi-tooth indexing table. The feasibility of the accuracy assessment method is verified by establishing a geometric model and performing modeling and simulation analysis. The method is verified using an all-space laser positioning system, and the dynamic performance of the base station is optimized to improve the overall goniometric accuracy. The maximum value of the goniometric error is 0.008″ and the goniometric accuracy is 0.026″ after fitting the curve by the mapping relation, demonstrating high stability, and the fluctuation of the goniometric error after optimization is improved from the original ±15″ to ±7.5″, verifying the effectiveness of the goniometric compensation method. This method solves the problem of coaxiality calibration in goniometric evaluation and provides the basis for the traceability of the goniometric accuracy.
Impact of water vapor annealing treatments on Al2O3/diamond interface
Authors: Zhang Xufang , Matsumoto Tsubasa , Sometani Mitsuru , Ogura Masahiko , Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Takeuchi Daisuke , Inokuma Takao , Yamasaki Satoshi , Tokuda Norio
Published: March 2024

Our group developed the first inversion-type p-channel diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, which featured normally off properties by employing water vapor annealing treatments for the oxygen-terminated diamond surface. Despite the comprehensive device-grade characterization, the impact of water vapor annealing treatments on the Al2O3/diamond interface has not been investigated in detail. In this work, we fabricated four diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors without and with water vapor annealing treatments for various times of 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h and conducted the cycle capacitance–voltage (C–V) and simultaneous C–V measurements. The large cycle C–V shift existed in the sample without water vapor annealing treatment, whereas it was significantly suppressed by water vapor annealing treatments, indicating the effective passivation of the traps with long time constants. The simultaneous C–V results showed a similar trend that the frequency dispersion of the simultaneous C–V was dramatically reduced with water vapor annealing treatments, and the interface quality of Al2O3/diamond had a slight dependence on the water vapor annealing times. Based on simultaneous C–V measurements, the interface state density (Dit) at an energy level of 0.2–0.6 eV from the valence band edge of diamond was extracted for the different MOS capacitors. The Dit was reduced by one order of magnitude with water vapor annealing treatments, and it almost did not change with the water vapor annealing times. Besides, the flat band voltage shift and effective fixed charge were also dramatically reduced by water vapor annealing. The possible physical reason for the interface improvement by water vapor annealing treatments was discussed.
Evaluation of methods to counteract multipactor phenomena in X-band waveguides
Authors: Spencer H. , Wright D. , Gregory A. , Mankowski J. , Stephens J. , Dickens J. , Neuber A.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates multipactor mitigation techniques in X-band geometries, focusing on surface modifications, surface conditioning, and additive manufacturing. Surface modifications include geometric alterations such as dimpled surfaces. Experimental results demonstrate that 3D-printed copper test pieces can achieve a multipactor onset threshold comparable to traditionally machined test pieces with appropriate sample preparation. Surface conditioning, involving rapid successions of pulses, is explored for its mitigative potential. Among assessed techniques, dimpled configurations demonstrated superior multipactor hold-off compared to non-modified components. Additionally, the conditioning of test pieces significantly increased the single-pulse threshold.
Efficiency and synergy of MnO2@LDO for arsenic and fluoride simultaneous sorption from water
Authors: Wang Xingtian , Zhu Junfeng , Liu Wenbing , Li Wei , Wang Hu
Published: March 2024

High levels of groundwater containing both arsenic and fluorine are prevalent, resulting in serious health problems when consumed as drinking water. This co-pollution phenomenon is widespread and requires urgent attention. The multiple forms of arsenic and arsenic–fluorine co-contamination pose a significant challenge to efficiently co-remove both substances. This research utilized a green and stable synthesis approach to create MgLaFe layered double oxide (LDO) heterostructures, which were anchored on α-MnO2 nanowires. The materials comprise magnesium and lanthanum elements with a powerful attraction toward fluoride ions; elemental iron, which can establish stable compounds with arsenate; and MnO2, which can effectively oxidize arsenous acid, thereby enabling efficient co-removal of arsenic and fluorine. The efficient oxidation process of the MnO2 nanowire and the prompt ion adsorption process of the LDO work together synergistically. The adsorption performance was assessed through isotherms and kinetic fitting. Chemisorption was found to be the process for As(Ⅲ), As(V), and F− adsorption, with As(Ⅲ) going through monolayer adsorption on the surface of MnO2 nanowires, while As(V) and F− were mainly adsorbed by multilayer process on LDO. The maximum adsorption capacities were 111.76, 230.51, and 765.10 mg/g for As(Ⅲ), As(V), and F−, respectively. The x-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy analysis provided further elucidation on the adsorption mechanism of the MnO2@LDO heterostructure, detailing each component's role in the process. The results confirm the successful construction of the heterostructure and the efficient coupling of oxidation and adsorption.