bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible export development scenario of agricultural products of Russia
Authors: Baleevskikh Alexander Sergeevich , Galeev Marat Mirsayafovich
Published: April 2020

In modern conditions of constantly arising global economic risks, which sharply affect the development of world commodity markets, the role of developing its non-resource exports is increasingly becoming more visible in strengthening the economy of the Russian Federation. This study poses a question and proposes a scenario for improving the country's balance of payments based on increase in Russian food exports. The importance and necessity of solving this issue is reflected in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2019 and his instructions to the Government of the country. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to consider and forecast possible scenarios for the implementation of approved plans for the development of agricultural exports. Achieving this goal several interrelated tasks had been solved: 1) identifying the ratio of export and import of agricultural products in the Russian Federation; 2) analysis the structure of export agricultural products; 3) forecasting the real possibilities of achieving the target indicators for the export of agricultural products, as well as the processing and food industries; 4) the proposal of options for improving the system of state regulation of agricultural exports or its elements. The result of the study was the confirmation of hypothesis that state regulation of agricultural exports is, in general, effective.
Foreign language test for people with disabilities: basic requirements and specifics of development
Authors: Kurilenko V. B. , Biryukova Yu. N. , Ahnina K. V. , Pestushko Yu. S. , Kulikova E. Yu.
Published: April 2020

The article describes the specifics of developing a foreign language test for people with disabilities. It is obvious that such tests have differences in organization and content compared to tests for ordinary students. They have structural, content, functional flexibility and variability depending on the type of violation. The article also notes the importance of taking into account discursive characteristics for determining test situations and selecting language, speech, and communication material while creating each specific test. It is revealed that testers and testologists should have the inclusive competence to develop test materials and conduct the exam. Such inclusive features should be taken into account while creating materials for testing in a foreign language for people with disabilities.

To prove that consideration of these features is necessary, an experiment was conducted in which 15 students with partial and complete vision loss who plan to take a test for the level of foreign language proficiency participated. The students were from different countries: Syria, Egypt, and China. The analysis of respondents ' responses showed that the factors identified in the article are important and should be taken into account in the process of preparing test materials.

The results obtained can be used by creators of test materials for people with disabilities, scientists who are engaged in related research in this area.
Regional specificities of small business development in Russia
Authors: Kosnikov Sergey Nikolaevich , Aygumov Timur Gadzhievich , Khamkhoeva Fatima Yakhievna , Krasnoselskaya Dina Khadimovna
Published: April 2020

The aim of article is to research specificities of small business development across the Russian Federation regions based on the using of cluster analysis and regression models. In the first step of our study the clustering of regions according indicator of turnover on revenue per small enterprise is conducted. In the second step, the regression models on dependence the revenue turnover per small enterprise from a set of socio-economic determinants and infrastructure were constructed.

The results of the study revealed four groups of regions while the most significant factors positively affect the revenue turnover per one small enterprise are average income per capita, investments in fixed assets per capita, and the total volume of construction. Among the factors negatively affecting the revenue turnover per one small enterprise are number of organizations, conducting educational pre-schooling activity, the share of unprofitable enterprises, depreciation of fixed assets and proportion of motorway with hard surface in the overall length of highways. The results of research may be used in the creation of regional small business development programs.
Implementation of international crimes under the Rome Statute into national legal systems
Authors: Shulzhenko Nadiia , Romashkin Snizhana , Shulzhenko Oleksii , Mokhonchuk Sergii
Published: April 2020

The present research paper describes the most traditional ways of Implementation of Rome Statute. The main section of the paper concerns the effect of adopting Core crimes in different countries as well as determine key way of such implementation and its practical results. Such description aims to comprehend and compare the practical questions which arise in the prism of implementation of International Crimes, as well as find good practical answers which are based on states’ experience. Most issues, which will be introduced in this article should answer following important questions: first is whether the states have to implement international regulations on genocide crimes, terrorism, war crimes with crimes against humanity, and second question is arisen due to the definition of International Crimes in national laws. At main part of the research, we discuss the national legal background to implement the regulations of Rome Statute, as a part of International law, as well as analyze foreign countries experience in this direction. In this legal research, three categories of methods were used: philosophical methods, general scientific methods and legal methods. All the methods, including dialectic method, method of analysis and synthesis, historical, sociological and comparative, the method of the general theory of scientific knowledge of social and legal phenomena, as well as, method of systematic analysis, comparative legal method, and logically legal method were used to consider the most traditional ways of Application of the Rome Statute in domestic laws together with all the regulations of international law in general.
Round table technology in university educational process
Authors: Vaganova Olga I. , Sundeeva Ludmila A. , Ponomareva Elena Yu. , Kulagina Julia A. , Lapshova Anna V.
Published: April 2020

The process of building students' competence must meet modern requirements and include the use of innovative technologies. The development trends of modern society have led to the emergence of a competency-based approach in vocational education. In the process of building professional competence, it is necessary to use technologies that meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standards which contribute to the development of practical focus of training. Among such technologies we single out technologies for holding a round table.
The technologies of the round table are not new, but due to combination with various innovative technologies, they become more relevant. The implementation of the round table in the training of vocational education teachers is a discussion process that speculates about a relevant topic requiring a comprehensive analysis. Modern conditions provide arrangements of round tables with their own specifics.
The purpose of the article is to identify the effectiveness of holding round tables in students’ preparation in higher educational institutions.
The article presents basic principles on which the technology of the round table is based, its ideas and essence, as well as the features of its holding. A study conducted at a pedagogical university during the training of vocational education teachers is presented. It showed the need for implementing round-table technologies in preparing students for future professional activities, as the ones allowing students to build effective discussions, negotiate based on arguments and facts.
We have identified the effectiveness of the "round tables" in the training of students in higher educational institutions. The study made it possible to establish the level of students’ preparedness for conducting effective discussions for the implementation of future professional activities in secondary vocational educational institutions. The technology of the round table allows to increase the knowledge level of students. The results can be used in students’ training in various faculties.
Quality management of educational activities in higher education
Authors: Vaganova Olga I. , Gilyazova Olga S. , Gileva Anzhela V. , Yarygina Nelya A. , Bekirova Elmira Sh.
Published: April 2020

The transformations that have taken place in education have led to the emergence of a new educational framework under which modern higher education institutions are actively adapting. The activity of educational organizations was rethought and teachers’ work acquired new features. Today institutions of higher education must build educational activities in such a way as to be able to satisfy changing needs of the state and society. Therefore, in higher education educational activities should be built at a high level. Thus, to achieve it, it is significant to ensure decent management of it. The purpose of the article is to reveal general features of management activities in a higher educational institution and, on their basis, to develop a model for managing them. The model of management of educational activities in higher education proposed by the authors is focused on new approaches to quality as the main component of quality management being a system object. The work achieved the goal of uncovering the general features of managerial activity in a higher educational institution and, based on them, developed a model for managing educational activities. The model of educational activity management in higher education that we have developed is focused on new approaches to quality as the main component of education management, it is a system object. The model, as the study showed, helps to improve the process of managing educational activities, to bring it to a new level. According to the study, the authors concluded that the model showed its effectiveness and contributed to educational management improvement.
El Qhapaq Ñan en el valle de Calingasta (San Juan)
Authors: García Alejandro
Published: April 2020

El Qhapaq Ñan atravesaba longitudinalmente los valles preandinos sanjuaninos de Iglesia y Calingasta y su existencia en esta zona, sostenida desde mediados del siglo XX, ha sido recientemente confirmada. Como parte de nuestros estudios en el centro y sur de San Juan, relevamos recientemente el sector oriental del valle de Calingasta con el objeto de comprobar la conservación de evidencias del Qhapaq Ñan y de determinar el recorrido que seguía este ramal de la vialidad incaica en su paso hacia el norte de Mendoza. La búsqueda abarcó desde la villa de Calingasta (ca. 31°20’S, 69°25’O) hasta aproximadamente 32°04’S. Los resultados de la misma indican la ausencia de evidencias del camino en el sector norte del valle, la presencia clara del mismo desde el este de la localidad de Barreal (ca. 31°38’S, 69°28’O) hasta ca. 31°55’S, y la ausencia de estructuras incaicas de envergadura en el sector relevado.
Oil generation from coal source rocks: the influence of depositional conditions and stratigraphic age
Authors: Petersen Henrik I.
Published: April 2020

Although it was for many years believed that coals could not act as source rocks for commercial oil accumulations, it is today generally accepted that coals can indeed generate and expel commercial quantities of oil. While hydrocarbon generation from coals is less well understood than for marine and lacustrine source rocks, liquid hydrocarbon generation from coals and coaly source rocks is now known from many parts of the world, especially in the Australasian region (MacGregor 1994; Todd et al. 1997). Most of the known large oil accumulations derived from coaly source rocks have been generated from Cenozoic coals, such as in the Gippsland Basin (Australia), the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand), and the Kutei Basin (Indonesia). Permian and Jurassic coal-sourced oils are known from, respectively, the Cooper Basin (Australia) and the Danish North Sea, but in general only minor quantities of oil appear to be related to coals of Permian and Jurassic age. In contrast, Carboniferous coals are only associated with gas, as demonstrated for example by the large gas deposits in the southern North Sea and The Netherlands. Overall, the oil generation capacity of coals seems to increase from the Carboniferous to the Cenozoic. This suggests a relationship to the evolution of more complex higher land plants through time, such that the highly diversified Cenozoic plant communities in particular have the potential to produce oil-prone coals. In addition to this overall vegetational factor, the depositional conditions of the precursor mires influenced the generation potential. The various aspects of oil generation from coals have been the focus of research at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) for several years, and recently a worldwide database consisting of more than 500 coals has been the subject of a detailed study that aims to describe the oil window and the generation potential of coals as a function of coal composition and age.
The Storebælt gateway to the Baltic
Authors: Jensen Jørn Bo , Bennike Ole , Lemke Wolfram , Kuijpers Antoon
Published: April 2020

The present-day Storebælt (Great Belt), the waterway between the islands of Fyn and Sjælland (Fig. 1), contains deeply incised valleys, locally more than 50 m deep, and is of crucial importance to the water exchange between the fully marine Kattegat and the brackish Baltic Sea. The role of this important gateway changed significantly during the late and post-glacial period (since 15000 B.P.), when the Baltic Basin experienced alternating freshwater, brackish and marine conditions as a result of changes in relative sea level (Figs 2, 3). The importance of the Storebælt in understanding the dynamics of the Baltic Basin is reflected in the large number of studies carried out (see Bennike et al. 2004). The first detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic studies in the Storebælt area that demonstrated the presence of early Holocene freshwater deposits below the seabed were those of Krog (1960, 1965, 1971), who also presented the first shore-displacement curve for the area (Krog 1979).
Exploring Social and Cultural Values in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Dutt Dr. Alka
Published: April 2020

Paper aims to explore effect of society and cultural norms on minds of contemporary writers. Through literary writings students understand how world moves forward through interdependency. Writers writing in realistic stream try to touch upon facts and not on assumptions. They observe real life characters in a society set up and do not write what comes as historical truth. Complex behaviour can be seen in complex writings of contemporary writings. Man being a social animal loves to live life without adhering to age old traditions that gave strength to inner make up of one’s character. Literature reflects negative and positive side of modern man. What is dealt with in Social Sciences, the same is pored out in words by poets, dramatists and novelists.Non literary writers like Jared Diamond emphasize upon effect of land topography on man's thinking process and not history or society that is all around him. Contemporary world is full of hardships. Examples from literary texts can support one to deal with these hardships. Examples would be taken from works written after World War 11 that fall under contemporary literature.
LOCAL ALLOYING OF TITANIUM COPPER
Authors: Shmorgun V. , Slautin O. , Serov A. , Novikov R.
Published: April 2020

The influence of the parameters of laser processing of copper plating deposited by explosion welding and subsequent rolling on the titanium surface on the structure and phase composition of the coatings is studied. It is shown that alloying titanium with copper leads to the formation of intermetallic compounds (titanium cuprides) in the remelting zone, which contributes to a significant increase in the wear resistance of the surface layer. When tested for wear on a fixed abrasive, the wear resistance of the coating is 2 times higher than that of VT1-0 titanium alloy.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES UNDER HEATING IN DENDRITIC CRYSTALS OF GREY CAST IRON
Authors: Baron A. , Palatkina L. , Taranova M. , Gurulev D.
Published: April 2020

Based on approach to primary structure of grey pearlite cast iron as analogue of composite material reinforced with discrete fibers, changes occurring in dendritic crystals of primary austenite at heating to temperatures not exceeding critical point of А are analyzed.
Production and decomposition of mangrove litter in Jang River Estuary, Bukit Bestari District, Tanjungpinang City
Authors: Randa Gusti , Lestari Febrianti , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of mangrove density, the level of production and decomposition of mangrove litter in Jang River Estuary, Bukit Bestari District, Tanjungpinang City. Determination of the research location using purposive sampling method based on development activities around the Muara Jang River mangrove area, including the area of ​​community settlement development (station 1), landfill area for the construction of shop houses and housing (station 2) and the area without development activities (station 3). To measure the density of mangroves using a plot of 10 x 10 m2 with 3 plots, to measure the production of mangrove litter using litter and to measure the decomposition of mangroves using litter with a 0.5 cm mesh size placed under mangrove trees that are still affected by tides. The results showed the level of mangrove density at station 1 was 1033 ± 51 trees/ha with good criteria and moderate density, station 2 was 933 ± 115 trees/ha with rare damage and density criteria, and station 3 was 1367 ± 208 trees/ha with good criteria and moderate density. The level of mangrove litter production at Station 1 is 5.14 grams dry weight / m2, Station 2 is 2.80 grams dry weight / m2, and Station 3 is 6.67 grams dry weight / m2. The mangrove decomposition rate at station 1 was 63.33%, station 2 was 62.05% and station 3 was 67.73%.
Water Quality Relationship with FCR Value in Intensive Shrimp Culture of Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Ariadi Heri , Wafi Abdul , Supriatna
Published: April 2020

FCR or feed conversion ratio is one of the strategic indicators on pond production which is very important for determining the costs incurred during the shrimp culture period. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between water physico-chemical parameters and the conversion rate of shrimp feed in intensive shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei). The research method used in this study is the ex-pose facto design during shrimp culture cycle with uniformity of treatment during the cultivation process, then the research collective data obtained periodically is analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that all pond water quality variables based on quality standards are still in accordance with the standards intended for aquaculture. While based on regression analysis and t-test, the temperature variable is the only parameter that has a direct influence on the FCR efficiency by shrimp. As well as temperature, salinity, and alkalinity variables are parameters that have a close level of relationship to the FCR value in the ponds of 84.1%, 79.1%, and 69.9%. The conclusion of this study is that in intensive ponds the parameters of temperature, salinity, and alkalinity are water quality parameters that have a close relationship with the efficiency of FCR values ​​in ponds, with temperature parameters being the water quality variable which has a direct influence on the effectiveness of the feed conversion ratio by shrimp.
Markov approximations of nonzero-sum differential games
Authors: Averboukh Yu.V.
Published: April 2020

The paper is concerned with approximate solutions of nonzero-sum differential games. An approximate Nash equilibrium can be designed by a given solution of an auxiliary continuous-time dynamic game. We consider the case when dynamics is determined by a Markov chain. For this game the value function is determined by an ordinary differential inclusion. Thus, we obtain a construction of approximate equilibria with the players' outcome close to the solution of the differential inclusion. Additionally, we propose a way of designing a continuous-time Markov game approximating the original dynamics.
Keldysh problem for a three-dimensional equation of mixed type with three singular coefficients in a semi-infinite parallelepiped
Authors: Karimov K.T.
Published: April 2020

This article studies the Keldysh problem for a three-dimensional equation of mixed type with three singular coefficients in a semi-infinite parallelepiped. Based on the completeness property of eigenfunction systems of two one-dimensional spectral problems, the uniqueness theorem is proved. To prove the existence of a solution to the problem, the Fourier spectral method based on the separation of variables is used. The solution to this problem is constructed in the form of a sum of a double Fourier-Bessel series. In substantiating the uniform convergence of the constructed series, we used asymptotic estimates of the Bessel functions of the real and imaginary argument. Based on them, estimates were obtained for each member of the series, which made it possible to prove the convergence of the series and its derivatives to the second order inclusive, as well as the existence theorem in the class of regular solutions.
Relaxation of pursuit-evasion differential game and program absorption operator
Authors: Chentsov A.G. , Khachai D.M.
Published: April 2020

We consider some natural relaxation of pursuit-evasion differential game. For two closed sets, which are parameters, similar guidance problem for $\varepsilon$-neighborhoods is being solved. We are interested in finding a minimal size of such neighborhoods, which allows player I successfully solve his guidance problem in the class of generalized non-anticipating strategies. To resolve above-mentioned differential game, a modification of Program Iterations Method is implemented. Size of the neighborhoods is found as a position function and it's defined by application of special iterative procedure further below. As a corollary, it is shown that desired function is a fixed point of the open-loop operator, which defines the procedure.
On the porosity influence on stability of flow over porous medium
Authors: Tsiberkin K.B.
Published: April 2020

The stability of incompressible fluid plane-parallel flow over a layer of a saturated porous medium is studied. The results of a linear stability analysis are described at different porosity values. The considered system is bounded by solid wall from the porous layer bottom. Top fluid surface is free and rigid. A linear stability analysis of plane-parallel stationary flow is presented. It is realized for parameter area where the neutral stability curves are bimodal. The porosity variation effect on flow stability is considered. It is shown that there is a transition between two main instability modes: long-wave and short-wave. The long-wave instability mechanism is determined by inflection points within the velocity profile. The short-wave instability is due to the large transverse gradient of flow velocity near the interface between liquid and porous medium. Porosity decrease stabilizes the long wave perturbations without significant shift of the critical wavenumber. Simultaneously, the short-wave perturbations destabilize, and their critical wavenumber changes in wide range. When the porosity is less than 0.7, the inertial terms in filtration equation and magnitude of the viscous stress near the interface increase to such an extent that the Kelvin-Helmholtz analogue of instability becomes the dominant mechanism for instability development. The stability band realizes in narrow porosity area. It separates the two branches of the neutral curve.
Seasonal Variations of Temperature, Salinity and Turbidity of the Lembeh Strait’s waters, North Sulawesi
Authors: Patty Simon I. , Huwae Rikardo , Kainama Ferdimon
Published: April 2020

Research on seasonal variations of temperature, salinity and turbidity of the Lembeh Strait’s waters were carried out in March 2016 to February 2017. Observations of temperature, salinity and turbidity were conducted using the Sonde EXO-2 multi parameter tool. The purpose of this study was to determine the seasonal effect on temperature, salinity and turbidity Lembeh Strait’s water. The results of the statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tuckey's test showed that the season affected the salinity and temperature, whereas no significant effect were observed on turbidity. Variations in temperature, salinity and turbidity are affected by external factors such as weather, wind and seasonal current patterns occurred in these waters. The conditions of temperature, salinity and turbidity of sea water in Lembeh Strait are still adequate for marine life.Keywords: temperature, salinity, turbidity, oceanography, Lembeh Strait
Il catfish dei social è un pesce o un gatto? Sicuramente è un falso!
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: April 2020

Una classe liceale di Verona ci chiede il significato e l’origine della parola catfish nell’ambito dei social network.
Annichilare o annichilire?
Authors: Coletti Vittorio
Published: April 2020

Alcuni lettori ci pongono domande su quale, tra annichilire e annichilare, debba considerarsi forma “corretta”; un lettore in particolare formula la richiesta in riferimento all’ambito della fisica teorica; un altro chiede se ci sia una differenza semantica tra le due forme verbali. Un lettore ha invece dubbi sulla flessione del verbo annichilire: annichila o annichilisce? Un altro infine chiede quale sia, specie in ambito filosofico, il significato di annichilazione.
C’è pieno di… / È pieno di…
Authors: Proietti Domenico
Published: April 2020

In diversi quesiti (giunti da Faenza, da Cagliari, da Milano, da Livorno) si chiede se è “grammaticalmente corretto” o “effettivamente errato” il costrutto verbale c’è pieno di... in espressioni quali: “al mare c’è pieno di gente”, “c’è pieno di polvere” (rispetto alle corrispondenti prive della particella pronominale ci: “al mare è pieno di gente”, “è pieno di polvere”).
Sovente, di sovente, soventemente (e spesso): che differenza c’è?
Authors: Cerruti Massimo
Published: April 2020

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono se sia corretto l’uso di soventemente e di sovente, e che differenza ci sia tra queste due forme e sovente.
Imparare e insegnare non sono la stessa cosa
Authors: Cimaglia Riccardo
Published: April 2020

Sono pervenute in redazione varie richieste circa i verbi insegnare e imparare, soprattutto riguardo all’uso del verbo imparare come sinonimo di insegnare.
Le abbreviazioni di destra e sinistra
Authors: Di Carlo Miriam
Published: April 2020

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono quali siano le abbreviazioni più giuste per ridurre destro/a e sinistro/a.
Dove vivono i sudafricani?
Authors: Caffarelli Enzo
Published: April 2020

Numerosi lettori chiedono se sia più corretto chiamare Sudafrica o Sud Africa lo Stato che occupa la parte più meridionale del continente africano, ufficialmente Repubblica Sudafricana. Alcuni si domandano se le due varianti grafiche possano opportunamente individuare l’una lo Stato e l’altra il cono sud dell’Africa.
Effect of Soft Contact Lens Wear on Tear Film Break up Time
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Rushda , Sadiq Mohammad Ali A , Azam Shua , Sattar Uzma , Iqbal Samia , Ejaz Huma
Published: April 2020

Purpose:  To see the effect of soft contact lens wears on tear breakup time.

Study Design:  Descriptive Observational study.

Place and Duration of Study:  College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. From January to March 2016.

Material and Methods:  Students of King Edward Medical University Lahore wearing soft contact lens for more than 3 months with no  known ocular pathology were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Subjects with history of using any eye drops, history of oral drugs, which could cause dry eye and individuals any ocular disease, were excluded from the study. Tear film BUT was tested by using Fluorescein sodium dye and examinig under cobalt blue filter of slit lamp.SPSS version 20 is used to analyze the data.

Results:  There were 30 participants with mean age of 24.5 ± 5 years. All were females. Sixty percent were wearing corrective lenses, and 40% were wearing cosmetic lenses. Out of 30 patients wearing contact lenses, only 6.67% had marginal tear film BUT and none of the patients has shown dry eyes. Individuals using contact lenses for 9 – 12 years had decreased BUT as compared to subjects using lenses for 3 – 6 months. 33.33% of extended lens wearers had reduced BUT as compared to disposable and daily wearers of contact lenses. Discomfort with contact lenses was observed in only 4 patients.

Conclusion:  As the duration of contact lens wear increases, the tear film break up time decreases. Individuals using extended wear contact lenses are more prone to develop decreased TFBUT.
Effect of Binocular Vision Problems on Childhood Academic Performance and Teachers' Perspective
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan , Elmadina Abd  Elaziz Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Purpose:  To see the effect of binocular vision problems on childhood academic performance and to record the teacher's perspectives about childhood eye care in Khartoum State of Sudan.

Place and Duration of Study:  A descriptive cross-sectional study done among the school going children in the Khartoum State of Sudan during the year 2018.

Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study.

Material and Methods:  Three hundred and forty (340) primary school children’s were recruited for study by convenient sampling technique during the academic year 2018. After relevant history, ocular examination was performed. It included visual acuity measurement, assessment of refractive errors and binocular function tests. Academic performance of the children was recorded from academic records of the children. Finally, the qualitative data was derived from teachers’ perspectives about childhood eye care.

Results:  Mean age of the participants was 11.96 ± 1.63 years. The findings revealed that (78.6%) of children achieved poor academic performances with decompensated exophoria at near. 52.7% children with poor academic performances had weak positive fusion reserve at near P = 0.04. 37.2% of the poor performers had convergence insufficiency. Fort eight percent of females with ocular complaints achieved poor academic performances P = 0.034. With regard to teacher's perspectives about childhood eye care, 98.8%believed that the vision problems had effect on the academic record of the children. Seventy percent of the teachers reported that the students did not undergo eye examinations before joining school.

Conclusion:  Convergence Insufficiency and weak positive fusional reserve at near has a significant effect on academic performances.
Parents' Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) about Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rural setting of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Bimal Chandra , Ullah ASM Wali , Alam Muhammad Zahangir
Published: April 2020

Purpose:  To measure the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices parents/caregivers about ROP in the rural setting of Bangladesh.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Rural area of Bangladesh, from August 2019 to September 2019.

Material and Methods:  A total of 80 preterm babies’ parents/caregivers were interviewed. Quantitative data and qualitative data were also collected through 6 Informal Group Discussions and 2 In-depth Interviews. There was a one-day session with all persons involved with the study for clear understanding of the study goal and every item of the format and interview schedule. The study format and interview schedule were given to one social scientist and one public health expert in determining content validity. Their comments were incorporated in finalizing the research instruments. The filled-in formats and interview schedules were edited immediately after the collection. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected for the study.

Results:  The most common risk factor for ROP was oxygen supply (79%), Bio-safety (67%) and weight (66%). The major reasons for not screening for ROP were lack of awareness (84%), lack of knowledge (48%), family related issues (77%), socio-economic condition (78%), distance (55%), frustration (65%) and overconfidence (52%). About 86.4% (CI: 80.3 – 85.2) had faced difficulties to obtain ROP services. We found significant association between facing treatment difficulties/guardian knowledge about ROP and time of age of screening for ROP (p <.001).

Conclusion:  The majority of parents/caregivers suggested for ROP screening, and put recommendations to improve mother anti-natal care (ANC) and strongly supported community awareness campaign to reduce the ROP related burden at rural setting.
PELATIHAN KERAJINAN BAMBU DI DESA TUMALUNTUNG KECAMATAN TARERAN
Authors: Rantung Ruly
Published: April 2020

Tugas utama perguruan tinggi adalah melaksanakan Tridharma, salah satu diantaranya adalah Pengabdian pada Pasyarakat, dengan melibatkan seluruh komponen Civitas Akademik. Hal ini dilaksanakan dalam usaha memberdayakan masyarakat melalui pelatihan dan penyuluhan. Partisipasi perguruan tinggi dengan program kemitraan yang memberikan tenaga dan kosep-ponsep yang membangun dan memajukan perekonomian, salah satunya menciptakan lapangan kerja dalam bentuk ekonomi kreatif melalui kelompok-kelompok pengrajin.Program kemitraan yang dilaksanakan ini berlokasi di Desa Tumaluntung Kecamatan Tareran Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Sedangkan program ini difokuskan pada kelompok pengrajin dengan memodifikasi kerajinan nyiru menjadi karya seni yang lebih menarik, modis dan berdaya jual tinggi.  Keywords: Bambu, modis, desain
PELATIHAN KADER USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH (UKS) PADA SISWA-SISWA MADRASAH ALIAH NEGERI (MAN) MODEL MANADO
Authors: Paturusi Achmad
Published: April 2020

Peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat sekolah melalui pelatihan kader usaha kesehatan sekolah (UKS) pada siswa-siswa MAN Model Manado.  Lokasi tempat pelaksanaan di Jl. Tuminting Raya.  Kelurahan Tuminting Kecamatan Tuminting Kota Manado. Sekolah MAN Model Manado dengan kontribusi memberikan tempat pelayanan dan waktu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat serta keterlibatan siswa-siswa dan guru-guru Penjasorkes. Permasalahan yang ditemukan kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya kesehatan masyarakat khususnya kesehatan masyarakat sekolah, olehnya dilakukan pelatihan kader-kader usaha kesehatan sekolah jasmani pada siswa-siswa MAN Model Manado.Kontribusi mendasar pada khalayak sasaran adalah terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan hidup sehat & derajat kebugaran jasmani serta kesehatan peserta didik serta menciptakan lingkungan yang sehat, sehingga memungkinkan pertumbuhan & perkembangan yang harmonis & optimal dalam rangka pembentukan manusia Indoensia seutuhnya. Lebih khusus lagi adalah untuk memupuk kebiasaan hidup sehat & mempertinggi derajat kesehatan peserta didik. Kata kunci: Pelatihan Kader UKS
Collision avoidance with control barrier function for target tracking of an unmanned underwater vehicle
Authors: Deng Zhigang , Zaman Mohammed Tousif , Chu Zhenzhong
Published: April 2020

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) move in dynamic environments and need to avoid other non-cooperative obstacles while executing a task, such as tracking a target or a special trajectory. It is a challenge to avoid collisions with moving obstacles in the tracking process. The present
paper describes the implementation of horizonplane adaptive cruise control, which follows a given desired trajectory using control Lyapunov functions while satisfying constraints specified by a control barrier function to avoid collision with obstacles. The Lyapunov function is treated as
a soft constraint, and the barrier function as hard constraint for the UUV; both are satisfied simultaneously using quadratic programming. Finally, the present paper describes a simulation of avoiding moving obstacles while tracking a target, with the results showing this as effective and
feasible.
Case studies in estimating subsea systems' readiness level
Authors: Yasseri Sirous F. , Bahai Hamid
Published: April 2020

Systems readiness level (SRL) is a metric defined for assessing progress in the development of systems. The methodologies to estimate SRLs are built on the technology readiness level (TRL), originally developed by NASA to assess the readiness of new technologies for insertion into a
system. TRL was later adopted by governmental institutions and many industries, including the American Petroleum Institute (API). The TRL of each component is mathematically combined with another metric, integration readiness level (IRL), to estimate the overall level of readiness of a system.
An averaging procedure is then used to estimate the composite level of systems readiness. The present paper builds on the previous paper by Yasseri (2013) and presents case examples to demonstrate the estimation of SRL using two approaches. The objective of the present paper is to show how
the TRL, IRL, and SRL are combined mathematically.
 The performance of the methodology is also demonstrated in a parametric study by pushing the states of readiness to their extremes, namely very low and very high readiness. The present paper compares and contrasts the two major
system readiness levels estimation methods: one proposed by Sauser et al. (2006) for defence acquisition based on NASA's TRL scale, and another based on API's TRL scale. The differences and similarities are demonstrated using a case study.
A simple in situ labelling approach and adequate tools for photo and video quadrats used in underwater ecological studies
Authors: Moreno Bernabé
Published: April 2020

Ecological studies use quadrats to gather qualitative (1/0) and quantitative (density and surface coverage) information in terrestrial and marine sciences. Depending on the spatiotemporal scale of the assessment, this could be a pilot or a monitoring survey. For monitoring surveys,
it is necessary to develop a code for the quadrat itself (in situ labelling), for the digital file (ex situ codification), and ideally, for both. The design of the quadrat used for these studies must accomplish ergonomics through certain specifications such as: made of highly
resistant material; negative-buoyant but lightweight; anticorrosive (specially for marine environments); able to stay positioned on seafloor habitat; and compatible with the in situ labelling technique. The present paper is a comparison of quadrats of different materials and widths,
including the implementation of an in situ and ex situ codification technique. Recommendations are made after several test hours sampling with quadrats.
Doku-Kunst als narrative Form für Gestaltungsprozesse im ländlichen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Authors: Klein Thomas
Published: April 2020

Doku-Art ist eine künstlerisch-partizipative Methode, die im Kontext einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung eingesetzt werden kann. Die Arbeit mit Medien und Künsten wird dabei als Mittel gesehen, den öffentlichen ländlichen Raum mitzugestalten.
In diesem Artikel wird unter Rückgriff auf medienökologische Ansätze gezeigt, auf welche Weise die narrative Gestaltung des ländlichen Raums in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in dem Doku-Art-Projekt Erben des Fortschritts zum Ausdruck kommt.
Loss of ARF/INK4A Promotes Liver Progenitor Cell Transformation Toward Tumorigenicity Supporting Their Role in Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Strauss Robyn P. , Audsley Katherine M. , Passman Adam M. , van Vuuren Joanne H. , Finch-Edmondson Megan L. , Callus Bernard A. , Yeoh George C.
Published: April 2020

Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) contribute to liver regeneration during chronic damage and are implicated as cells of origin for liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CDKN2A locus, which encodes the tumor suppressors alternate reading frame protein (ARF) and
INK4A, was identified as one of the most frequently altered genes in HCC. This study demonstrates that inactivation of CDKN2A enhances tumorigenic transformation of LPCs. The level of ARF and INK4A expression was determined in a panel of transformed and nontransformed wild-type LPC
lines. Moreover, the transforming potential of LPCs with inactivated CDKN2A was shown to be enhanced in LPCs derived from Arf−/− and CDKN2Afl/fl mice and in wild-type LPCs following CRISPR-Cas9 suppression of CDKN2A.
ARF and INK4A abundance is consistently reduced or ablated following LPC transformation. Arf−/− and CDKN2A−/− LPCs displayed hallmarks of transformation such as anchorage-independent and more rapid growth than control
LPC lines with unaltered CDKN2A. Transformation was not immediate, suggesting that the loss of CDKN2A alone is insufficient. Further analysis revealed decreased p21 expression as well as reduced epithelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition, following inactivation of the CDKN2A gene were required for tumorigenic transformation. Loss of ARF and INK4A enhances the propensity of LPCs to undergo a tumorigenic transformation. As LPCs represent a cancer stem cell candidate, identifying CDKN2A as a driver of
LPC transformation highlights ARF and INK4A as viable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Treinadores da categoria de base do basquetebol masculino brasileiro: trajetória profissional e condições laborais
Authors: Reis Cleiton Pereira , Ferreira Márcia Cristina Custódia , Bicalho Camila Cristina Fonseca , Moraes Luiz Carlos Couto de Albuquerque , Costa Varley Teoldo da
Published: April 2020

Introdução: No esporte, a análise da trajetória do treinador iniciante até se tornar um profissional e também das condições laborais que estes indivíduos estão submetidos mostram que essas variáveis estão relacionadas com o desempenho deste profissional.Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar: a) a trajetória profissional dos treinadores brasileiros de equipes masculinas de basquetebol da categoria de base; b) as atuais condições laborais destes treinadores.Métodos: Dez treinadores participaram do estudo, filiados à Escola Nacional de Treinadores de Basquetebol (média de idade 38,30±13,05 anos). Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Miniunidades (MU´s).Resultados: Todos os treinadores foram atletas no passado, e apenas um deles não jogou basquetebol. Seis deles são formados em Educação Física. Nove treinadores foram ex-atletas e tiveram apoio de outros treinadores e de familiares para se tornarem treinadores. Estes profissionais destacam que a remuneração da profissão é diminuta e o cargo instável. Seis dos dez treinadores não se dedicam exclusivamente ao cargo e exercem outras funções laborais, o que na percepção deles prejudica muito a atuação profissional. Invariavelmente, na percepção destes profissionais, os clubes não arcam com todas as obrigações trabalhistas.Conclusão: A vida esportiva pregressa dos treinadores, bem como os fatores sociais e pessoais, tem influência decisiva na escolha da profissão de treinadores de basquetebol. O cargo de treinador é considerado como instável e com baixa remuneração.
Assessment of physical activity: an important epidemiological issue
Authors: Martins Lilian C. X. , Farinatti Paulo de Tarso
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The body of evidence about the benefits of physical activity (PA) on health is massive. There are several distinct subjective and objective methods to evaluate PA levels, which can be a source of bias in self-reported outcomes.Objective: The purpose of the present essay was to review findings from recent research with particular focus on PA assessment, and point out some issues for future research.Conclusion: The variability among evaluation methods compromises comparability between studies. Special attention should be given to self-report instruments that can lead to some sort of bias. Therefore, it is important for proper theoretical basis with respect to the objectives and types of PA, which should be considered before selecting the instrument to be applied in a given population. Views of several review studies were discussed and recommendations were presented.Quantificação de atividade física: uma importante questão epidemiológica Introdução: O corpo de evidências científicas a repeito dos benefícios da atividade física (AF) para a saúde é massivo. Existem vários métodos subjetivos e objetivos distintos para avaliar os níveis de AF, e desfechos autorrelatados pode ser fonte de viés.Objetivo: O objetivo do presente ensaio foi revisar os achados de pesquisa recente com foco particular na avaliação de PA e apontar algumas questões para pesquisa futura.Conclusão: A variabilidade entre os métodos de avaliação prejudica a comparabilidade entre os estudos. Deve-se dar atenção especial aos instrumentos de autorrelato que podem levar a algum tipo de viés. Por isso, é importante, inicialmente, estabelecer a base teórica adequada com relação aos objetivos e aos tipos de AF. Tais considerações devem ter lugar antes de se selecionar o instrumento a ser aplicado em uma determinada população. Neste trabalho, foram examinados vários estudos de revisão e foram apresentadas recomendações.
Flexibilidade: Mitos e Fatos
Authors: Dantas Estélio H M , Conceição Mario C de S C
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A flexibilidade é um dos componentes que compõem o condicionamento físico. Contudo, dentre todos os componentes, ainda, é um dos menos estudados.Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade física flexibilidade e suas respectivas metodologias de treinamento.Conclusão: O controle das intensidades de treinamento da flexibilidade permite a diferenciação entre os trabalhos de alongamento e flexionamento, que é fundamental para a realização de um bom planejamento e preparação física. Flexibility: Myths and FactsIntroduction: Flexibility is one of the components that make up physical conditioning. However, among all components, it is still less studied.Objective: Analyze questions pertinent to the physical quality flexibility and their respective training methodologies.Conclusion: The intensities control on flexibility training allows the differentiation between stretching and flexing exercises, which is fundamental for the accomplishment of a good planning of physical preparation.