bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child poverty and academic skills at the national level: A longitudinal analysis of four waves of PISA
Authors: Condron Dennis J , Merry Joseph J , Samard Talia , Johnston Emma
Published: December 2024

Much research has examined school-related sources of cross-national variation in academic skills, but we know far less about the role that broader socioeconomic conditions play. In this study, we examine how nations’ child poverty rates associate with their overall scores on international assessments of academic skills over time. We first establish theoretically why and how child poverty might undermine overall academic skills at the national level. We then use pooled time-series data on 40 nations that participated in four recent waves of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to analyze the impact of changes in child poverty rates on changes in nations’ overall academic skills ( N = 160 nation-years). Two-way fixed-effects models find support for two hypotheses and, to a lesser extent, a third: As child poverty increases within nations over time, (1) mean academic skills decrease, (2) the percentage of low-skilled students increases, and (3) the percentage of high-skilled students decreases (for math only). We conclude by discussing the theoretical and political implications of the findings.
‘Document’ and North-Indian Labour Migrants: Governing Labour Mobility in Manipur
Authors: Pankaj Ajeet Kumar , Jha Manish K. , Farhad Saima , Wani Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Governing migration and migrants is a contentious process across the country, and it has become more problematic in politically sensitive states like Manipur. The police regularly conduct document checks of labour migrants in various localities of Manipur to verify and confirm their legal status, which leads to their social, economic and psychological insecurity. While this is a routine law-enforcement procedure considered necessary for ensuring security, the exercise has often resulted in harassment, exclusion and detention of migrant labourers in case they fail to prove their legal status. The surprise execution of such checks provides an opportunity for the police personnel to extort money from these poor migrants, thereby compounding their financial burden. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with labour migrants in Manipur, we find Inner Line Permit (ILP), and state surveillance are employed as tools for governing the ‘conduct’ of labour migrants in Manipur. To understand the phenomenon and experience, the paper draws on Foucault’s theorisation of ‘governmentality’. It examines the history, trajectory and significance of documents for labour migrants in the existing literature. Furthermore, it explores the power dynamics between state and labour migrants in Manipur to govern the ‘conduct’ of labour mobility through ILP and their legal status. The paper also highlights the negotiation and navigation strategies adopted by labour migrants to overcome regular state surveillance, detention and police harassment.
Is Primacy of Primary Control Universal? Comparisons Between Ideal-Actual Levels of Control Strategies Among Youth and Emerging Adults Across Four Countries
Authors: Sawaumi Takafumi , Kurman Jenny , Park Joonha , Robinson Angela R. , Sagie Inbal , Yamaguchi Susumu
Published: December 2024

Control strategies are cognitive, affective, and/or behavioral attempts to improve one’s status quo in social situations. A widely cited dichotomy classifies control strategies into two processes: primary and secondary control. Primary control refers to behaviors aimed at changing one’s external realities, whereas secondary control refers to people’s attempts to change themselves. Previous literature has provided conflicting views regarding the interplay between culture and control orientation: mostly, East Asian preference for secondary control and Western preference for primary control versus universal preference for primary control. We clarify this inconsistency by differentiating between ideal and actual control choices. We hypothesized that primary control would be universally preferred over secondary control at the ideal level, whereas that would not be the case for actual control choices. Consistent with the prediction, a systematic review of the previous research (Study 1) generally supports the hypothesized pattern, and our data from four countries in Study 2 suggest a primacy of primary over secondary control at the ideal level, a preference that is not always manifested in actual choice. An additional analysis of cultural unpackaging showed that, among other individual differences, prevention focus in particular is at play when people hesitate to use primary control despite their desire to use it.
Supporting Teachers’ Data-Based Individualization of Early Writing Instruction: An Efficacy Trial
Authors: McMaster Kristen L. , Lembke Erica S. , Shanahan Emma , Choi Seohyeon , An Jechun , Schatschneider Christopher , Duesenberg-Marshall McKinzie D. , Birinci Seyma , McCollom Elizabeth , Garman Carol , Moore Kim
Published: December 2024

In a multiyear, multisite, randomized control trial, we examined the effects of comprehensive professional development designed to support teachers’ data-based instruction (DBI) for students with intensive early writing needs. Teachers ( N = 154; primarily special educators or intervention specialists) were assigned randomly to a treatment group ( n = 76), in which they received tools, learning, and coaching to support their DBI implementation over 20 weeks, or to a control group ( n = 78). Students either received DBI in early writing ( n = 155) from treatment teachers or their usual writing instruction ( n = 154) from control teachers. Treatment teachers outperformed controls on measures of DBI knowledge and skills ( d = 1.57) and self-efficacy for writing instruction ( d = .94), and treatment students outperformed controls on proximal and distal writing outcomes ( ds = .14–.29). Student characteristics (grade, special education status, English learner status, and race/ethnicity) did not moderate intervention effects. We discuss findings in terms of the importance of supporting students with intensive learning needs, the efficacy and feasibility of implementing DBI-TLC, and implications for pre- and in-service teacher training and support.
Were You Joking? Interpreting and Responding to Hostile Messages Among Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Tasero Guillermo , Quintanilla Cobián María Laura
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate whether the socio-emotional contextualization of envy influences the interpretation of and reaction to hostile messages on WhatsApp among Spanish adolescents. A total of 190 high school students participated. Participants read two stories containing a hostile message. In one condition, the hostile message preceded by a situation of envy, in the other it was not. We asked participants to attribute emotions and rate whether the message was offensive or funny, the intention of the message, and the relative status of the characters. The results showed that participants identified shame and sadness in the victim, but girls were better than boys at identifying envy in the aggressor. In addition, more girls disapproved of the hostile message than boys in the envy condition. On the other hand, girls perceived the hostile message as more offensive and understood it as teasing, whereas boys interpreted it as funnier and understood it as a joke. Finally, participants understood that the aggressor felt more inferior to his victim in the envy situation than in the non-envy situation. The discussion addresses the implications of these findings for the socio-emotional contextualization of cyber aggression and highlights the importance of evaluating hostile messages, presumably more prevalent during adolescence than other types of cyber aggression.
Understanding Grandparent Caregiving in Korean and U.S. Culture: An Analysis Using Role Theory
Authors: Lee Youjung , Mendoza Nancy , An Sok
Published: December 2024

This study explored grandparent caregiving experiences in Korea and the United States. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 custodial grandparents (10 in Korea, 10 in the United States) to understand their lived experiences. Under the guidance of role theory, the caregivers’ experiences were explained by themes of role consensus, role conformity, and role conflict. Despite Korean and U.S. grandparent groups performing a similar role, relative differences were observed, including Korean grandparents with increased role conformity and the U.S. grandparents with increased role conflict. The distinction highlights the importance of understanding grandparent caregiving in cultural contexts and ensuring that interventions are culturally responsive. Regardless of cultural context, the grandparent caregivers disclosed relatively positive experiences of the pandemic, testifying to their resilience. Lastly, critical role supporters were identified at various levels, demonstrating that developing support systems can be a key in empowering grandparent caregivers.
Communicative and Methodological Challenges Related to Collecting Data with Older Adults with Dementia in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Afifi Tamara D. , Burnham Charles E. , Collins Nancy , Gonzales Chloe , Ma Aria , Mazur Allison , Naffziger Erin E. , Rand Kyle , Rosen Yuval , Salehuddin Abdullah , Stamps Jennifer , Truscelli Nikki , Wilson Veronica
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to researchers collecting data with older adults, particularly older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The goal of this article is to articulate the communicative and methodological challenges and lessons learned from collecting data with older adults in senior living communities with mild cognitive impairment and ADRD and their adult children (who were geographically separated) during the pandemic. Communication was much more than what we were studying; it was essential to the success and ethical implementation of our research. We were working with a vulnerable population during a pandemic where recruitment, consent, and data collection required heightened and adapted communication strategies to reduce confusion, promote safety, and ensure data could be collected in an effective manner. The way we communicated with the participants, their networks, and the senior living communities was crucial to establishing strong human connections and subsequently successful data collection.
Input-to-state stability of switched systems with counter-dependent multiple discontinuous Lyapunov function
Authors: Yang Suo , Gao Lijun
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the input-to-state stability (ISS) of switched systems under the mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) switching. A new non-equidistant partitioning (NEP) method for maximum and actual dwell time intervals is proposed, enhancing the flexibility in constructing the Lyapunov function. Building upon the proposed NEP method, a novel counter-dependent multiple discontinuous Lyapunov function (CDMDLF) is constructed by incorporating a counter, where the value of the counter is the partitioning number of the current mode-running time interval. Furthermore, the evolution of Lyapunov functions at adjacent partitioning points dynamically depends on the previous partitioning point rather than a fixed constant, which is more flexible and practical. Utilizing the developed CDMDLF, some less conservative stability criteria are established for nonlinear and linear switched systems. It is revealed that our proposed method covers the multiple discontinuous Lyapunov function (MDLF) and the switching-signal-based MDLF (SMDLF) methods as exceptional cases while providing tighter bounds on the MDADT. In the end, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the advantages and effectiveness of the presented approach.
Extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of thermal conductivity in mycelium composites
Authors: Wildman Joni , Shea Andy , Walker Pete , Henk Daniel
Published: December 2024

The need for the construction industry to reduce both operational and embodied carbon emissions is urgent. Traditional insulation materials, while effective, require energy-intensive processes and non-renewable resources, making them unsustainable. Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) offer a sustainable alternative with low embodied carbon, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, and studies show promising thermal performance. However, accurate measurement of λ is crucial to ensure effectiveness, requiring an understanding of the factors influencing these measurements. This paper reviews the thermal conductivity of MBCs, covering 19 studies reporting λ values from 0.026 W/mK to 0.18 W/mK. Measurement techniques and their uncertainties are reviewed, as well as additional factors affecting λ, including moisture content, density, temperature, substrate, fungal species, and growth conditions. The influence of the fungal-skin layer and the anisotropic nature of MBCs is discussed. Standardised measurement protocols and thorough methodological reporting are emphasised to ensure comparability. By optimising intrinsic parameters like species-substrate combinations and growth conditions, MBC thermal performance can be improved. This paper informs on MBC thermal characterization, promoting broader adoption in the construction industry and advancing sustainable practices. Consequently, this review aims to guide future research and applications, aiding in reducing both operational and embodied carbon emissions.
An Integrative, Systematic Review of the Situational Judgment Test Literature
Authors: Kepes Sven , Keener Sheila K. , Lievens Filip , McDaniel Michael A.
Published: December 2024

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are popular assessment approaches that present scenarios describing situations that one may experience in a job. Due to its long history and cross-disciplinary nature, today’s SJT literature is quite fragmented. In this integrative review, we start by systematically taking stock and synthesizing the SJT literature from the different scientific disciplines via bibliometric techniques on 524 unique documents. We identify six literature clusters (i.e., SJTs in the medical sciences, SJTs in personnel selection, methodological issues and SJTs for specific constructs, SJTs to assess emotional intelligence and related constructs, technological advances in SJTs, SJTs for teacher assessment and development) that correspond to academic disciplines and research streams within them. We also identify current trends in SJT research by examining the clusters formed by a recent subset of the SJT literature. We then build on the bibliometric analysis by categorizing the identified themes in an organizing framework with two fundamental dimensions: the main purpose of a study (i.e., conceptual understanding, prediction, other [e.g., understanding mean group differences, applicant reactions]) and its research focus (i.e., SJTs holistically, content, and design and methods). Finally, on the basis of this framework, we provide recommendations to encourage greater knowledge sharing between scientific disciplines. In addition, we outline an agenda for future research in terms of four broad directions: SJT theory, SJT constructs, SJT design and methods, and SJT application domains.
Habitual caffeine intake, genetics and cognitive performance
Authors: Kapellou Angeliki , Pilic Leta , Mavrommatis Yiannis
Published: December 2024

Background:

Research on caffeine and cognitive performance remains controversial. Variations in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and response such as CYP1A2, AHR and ADORA2A may account for variable findings.

Aim:

To investigate caffeine × gene interactions on cognitive performance in all key domains of cognition in healthy individuals.

Methods:

Participants completed a lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire and a cognitive test battery including validated tasks to assess the domains of social cognition, memory, attention and executive function. Genotyping was performed for AHR rs6968554, CYP1A2 rs2472297, ADORA2A rs5751876, ADA rs73598374 and APOE rs429358 and rs7412.

Results:

Significant gene × caffeine interactions were observed for the domains of social cognition, ( F2, 123 = 5.848, p = 0.004) and executive function ( F2, 109 = 3.690, p = 0.028). ‘Slow’ metabolisers had a higher performance in social cognition compared with ‘fast’ metabolisers among high-caffeine consumers ( p = 0.004), while ‘fast’ metabolisers had a higher performance in executive function compared with ‘slow’ metabolisers among moderate caffeine consumers ( p = 0.002).

Conclusions:

The present findings suggest an association between genetic caffeine metabolism, habitual caffeine intake and cognitive function in the domains of social cognition and executive function. More research in naturalistic environments using larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings to add to our understanding of how habitual caffeine may influence cognitive function based on individual genotype.
Subgroup analysis of imaging scans, invasive examinations and prognosis in mild-to-moderate isolated foetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Yang Chun , Chi Xia , Wang Yan , Zhang Cuiping , Zhou Ran , Jia Xuemei , Qiao Fengchang , Xu Zhengfeng
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the causes of foetal mild-to-moderate isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) and to evaluate the prognosis of neurological development in surviving children in different subgroups.

Methods

We retrospectively studied mild-to-moderate IVM diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound scans in different subgroups according to the laterality of IVM, the degree of IVM and foetal sex independently. The results of foetal chromosomal microarray analysis, virological tests of umbilical cord blood or amniotic fluid, foetal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound were collected. Long-term follow-up was performed to assess the neurodevelopment of children within 66 months through telephone interviews and/or the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3.

Results

The moderate group showed more chromosomal abnormalities (16.2% vs. 4.1%) and greater structural anomalies in the brain (31.8% vs. 7.5%) than the mild group. Female foetuses showed more structural anomalies than male foetuses (25.0% vs. 7.2%). However, an adverse prognosis of children was not different across the different subgroups.

Conclusion

Moderate IVM may be more strongly associated with chromosomal aberrations and structural malformations than mild IVM. However, the adverse prognosis of children was similar between the different subgroups analysed.
Reviewing controls of wetland water temperature change across scales and typologies
Authors: Krochta Michael , Chang Heejun
Published: December 2024

Water temperature is crucial for aquatic ecosystem health, influencing physical and biochemical processes and determining the distribution of temperature-adapted organisms. Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, including water quality improvement, yet their thermal regimes are understudied despite the critical role of water temperature in aquatic health. This review synthesizes 35 studies on water temperature controls in natural and constructed freshwater wetlands in predominantly midlatitude regions, published from 2000 to 2023. We identify key water temperature controls at landscape and wetland site-specific scales: landscape features including topography, geology, and land cover, and site factors including vegetation, hydroperiod, hydraulic conductivity, and wetland size. Regional climatic drivers of wetland water temperature are moderated by a site’s position on the landscape, groundwater inputs, and the water surface area-to-depth ratio. Vegetation can provide cooling through shading or contribute to thermal stratification by limiting water mixing. Wetland condition assessments used to assess the health and functionality of wetlands based on various biophysical and hydrological criteria offer insights into spatial influences on temperature change but tend to oversimplify these relationships. This highlights the need for refined typologies that conceptualize nested site-level controls within the broader landscape and account for temporal dynamics. Future research should focus on detailed investigations of thermal variations across wetland types and scales, with enhanced data resolution to support adaptive management amid climate change.
Local elasticity assessment of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites through impulse excitation and machine learning
Authors: Liu Ying , Alkhazaleh Hamzah Ali , Khan Mohammad Ahmar , Samavatian Majid , Samavatian Vahid
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel methodology that integrates the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) and machine learning (ML) to predict local elastic properties within isolated regions of unidirectional polymeric composite plates. The proposed model incorporates fiber volume and plate thickness as input parameters and leverages the first resonance frequencies of the local region at different fiber orientations, thus accounting for the composite’s anisotropy. Regression results from the deep neural network (DNN) model demonstrate robust prediction performance across all output targets in both testing and training datasets, with R2 coefficients surpassing 0.9. The model exhibits particularly strong performance in predicting Young’s moduli. Additionally, each output objective shows sensitivity to a unique balance of input parameter weight factors for achieving optimal ML predictions. Moreover, a parabolic trend in the weight factors of fundamental frequencies at different orientations is observed as the rigidity of composites changes. Lastly, a comparative study between carbon-fiber and glass-fiber composites highlights the variations in fiber volume and elastic constants, emphasizing the effectiveness of the proposed model in accurately predicting material properties.
Assessment of type and quantities of food and beverage plastic packaging: A case study
Authors: Bošković Goran , Stanisavljević Nemanja , Batinić Bojan , Kovačević Srđan , Jovičić Nebojša , Cvetanović Angelina
Published: December 2024

Plastic pollution has been identified as one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century, driven by excessive consumption and inadequate plastic waste management. This issue is particularly reflected in short lifespan of plastic products, particularly plastic packaging within the food and beverage (F&B) industry. Urgent and relevant policy actions are needed to promote plastic circularity and improve waste management practices. Developing countries such as Montenegro face significant challenges in managing plastic waste flows due to legal, institutional and infrastructural gaps. This research addresses these challenges by employing material flow analysis (MFA) and advanced techniques like artificial neural networks to estimate the quantities and types of plastic packaging used in the F&B sector in Montenegro. The findings reveal that over 21,300 tonnes of F&B plastic packaging were placed on the market in Montenegro in 2018. Approximately 11% of this amount ends up directly littered in the environment or dumpsites, whereas the remaining 89% is predominantly collected and deposited in controlled landfills. Detailed MFA models were developed separately for the eight most common polymer types used in the F&B sector, along with specific models for plastic bags and polyethene terephthalate bottles to explore closed-loop recycling systems. It was found that only a small fraction of all analysed types of plastic packaging placed on the market can be effectively treated and recycled. This research contributes to the understanding of plastic waste management in Montenegro and facilitates the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in the F&B industry.
DEHP impairs the oxidative stress response and disrupts trace element and mineral metabolism within the mitochondria of detoxification organs
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Karabulut Gozde , Barlas Nurhayat , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray
Published: December 2024

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely utilized plasticizer in various consumer products, is classified as an endocrine disruptor and has been implicated in numerous adverse health effects, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Despite the growing body of literature addressing the systemic effects of DEHP, the specific influence of DEHP-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function within detoxification organs, particularly the liver and kidneys, remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the effects of DEHP exposure (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) on mitochondrial oxidative stress, trace elements, and mineral metabolism associated with signaling pathways in the liver and kidneys of rats. Altered mitochondrial oxidative stress status was indicated by impaired glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphoglucerate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, along with significant disruptions in essential minerals and trace elements, including Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Key oxidative stress signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, Akt, STAT3, and CREB, glucose, and tissue homeostasis, displayed dose-dependent responses to DEHP, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into DEHP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting its effects on oxidative stress metabolism, trace element homeostasis, and cellular signaling pathways in detoxification organs. These findings provide novel insights into the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying DEHP toxicity and underscores the need for further research into the implications of plasticizer exposure on human health.
Valproic Acid for Hyperactive Delirium and Agitation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nuti Olivia , Merchan Cristian , Ahuja Tania , Arnouk Serena , Papadopoulos John , Katz Alyson
Published: December 2024

Background

Delirium and agitation are common syndromes in critically ill patients. Valproic acid (VPA) has shown benefit in intensive care unit (ICU)-associated delirium and agitation, but further evaluation is needed.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VPA for hyperactive delirium and agitation in critically ill adult patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study at NYU Langone Health was conducted in critically ill patients treated with VPA for hyperactive delirium or agitation from October 1, 2017 to October 1, 2022. The primary outcome was effectiveness of VPA, defined as a reduction in the total number of any concomitant psychoactive medication by day 3 of VPA treatment. Secondary outcomes included the effect of VPA on the doses of concomitant medications and adverse events.

Results

A total of 87 patients were included in the final analysis. By day 3 of VPA treatment, a 33% reduction ( P < .001) in the total number of concomitant psychoactive medications was observed. VPA decreased the need for sedatives, as assessed by midazolam equivalents, but no significant changes were seen with dexmedetomidine alone, opioids, or antipsychotics. A 10 mg/kg loading dose was utilized in 36% of the cohort and its use decreased the risk for initiating additional psychoactive medications by day 3 of therapy (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-7.8, P = .047), with benefits noted as early as 48 h after initiation. Adverse events were low in the total cohort (10.3%).

Conclusion and Relevance

The addition of VPA to a complex pharmacologic regimen for hyperactive delirium and agitation is safe and can assist in the prevention of polypharmacy and overall workload in critically ill patients admitted primarily for cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
Palliative Care Outcomes for Critically ill Children After Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Perofsky Katherine , Doshi Ami , Boulil Zaineb , Beauchamp Walters Julia , Lee Euyhyun , Dimmock David , Kingsmore Stephen , Coufal Nicole G.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Clinical utility of rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) has been reported in 30–70% of pediatric ICU patients who receive a molecular diagnosis. Rapid molecular diagnostic techniques have been increasingly integrated into critical care, yet the influence of genetic test results on palliative care related decision making is largely unknown. This study evaluates palliative care related outcomes after rWGS.

Design

Retrospective chart review

Setting

Tertiary children's hospital

Patients

Acutely ill children [Formula: see text] 18 years of age who received rWGS due to suspected genetic disease between July 2016 and November 2019

Interventions

rWGS with associated precision medicine

Measurements and Main Results

536 patients underwent rWGS, of whom 152 (28.4%) received a molecular diagnosis. Diagnostic rWGS was associated with more code status modifications, an increase in palliative care inpatient consultations, and greater enrollment in home-based palliative services. A comparison of diagnostic and nondiagnostic rWGS groups where palliative decisions were made prior to reporting of genomic testing results did not identify differences between the groups. In the subset of patients who had palliative care interventions ( n = 57, 53% with diagnostic rWGS), time to palliative care consultation and time to compassionate extubation were shorter for patients with rWGS-based diagnoses (Kaplan-Meier method, P = .008; P = .015). Significantly more patients in this subgroup with diagnostic rWGS received home-based palliative care (Chi-squared, P = .025, 95% CI [−0.47, −0.05]). Univariate Poisson regression indicated that diagnostic rWGS is associated with significantly fewer emergency visits, PICU admissions, and unplanned intubations.

Conclusions

Diagnostic rWGS correlates with more rapid engagement of pediatric palliative care services, higher enrollment rates in home-based palliative care, and shorter time to compassionate extubation. Further studies are needed with larger cohort sizes and validated pediatric palliative care outcome measurement tools to accurately determine if this change in care is driven by the underlying condition or knowledge of a molecular diagnosis.
Progress in the application of auto-concentrated growth factor (CGF) in wound repair
Authors: Xu Chao , Pei Yuanmin , Wang Yanli , Li Wenpeng , Yang Liu , Chai Aimei , Wang Ying , Fan Wenrong , Tan Huiquan
Published: December 2024

Auto-concentrated growth factor (CGF) constitutes the latest generation of plasma extract, and has high concentrations of growth factors and white blood cells. Due to the continuous variable speed centrifugation used during preparation, the tensile strength of the fibrin is also higher. CGF preparation does not involve the use of animal serum, minimizing the risk of infection and immune rejection. Therefore, it has wide potential applications in various fields of regenerative medicine. This paper summarizes the history behind CGF development, reviews the clinical applications and research progress concerning single CGF therapy and CGF used in combination with other treatments in multiple wound repair, and summarizes its potential value as therapeutic agent. Finally, some constructive suggestions and research perspectives for the application of CGF in wound healing are put forward. The available evidence indicates that CGF can promote the healing of chronic refractory wounds and acute wound, promote the growth of granulation, accelerate the speed and improve the quality of wound healing, reduce scar formation, minimize the need for repeated wound dressing, and ameliorate the pain experienced by patients.
How Do Third Parties Respond to Intimate Partner Violence? The Role of the Victim’s Justification of Violence
Authors: Dannisworo Cantyo A. , Kluwer Esther S. , Arriaga Ximena B. , Karremans Johan C.
Published: December 2024

Previous research shows that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often justify violence, which can play a role in the persistence of violence. The present studies examined whether the victim’s justification of violence negatively affects third parties’ evaluative responses toward the victim (general evaluation of the victim, victim blaming, and evaluation of the victim’s response toward the violence) and negatively affects third parties’ willingness to support and take action. We also examined whether this would occur especially when the violence had happened frequently in the past. In two experimental studies (one in the Netherlands, Study 1, N = 220; one in Indonesia, Study 2, N = 231), participants watched a video depicting IPV. After watching the video, we manipulated the victim’s justification of violence (high vs. low justification of violence) as well as the frequency of violence experienced by the victim in the past (high vs. low past frequency). Consistent across the two studies, the results showed that when they justified violence (as compared to when they did not justify violence), victims were evaluated more negatively. There were no effects on victim blaming, willingness to support, and willingness to take action. We also found the effects of past frequency of violence on victim evaluation and willingness to take action. We discuss how the current findings extend previous research on the consequences of justification of violence as well as on third-party responses toward victims.
Informing Vaccine Messaging and Community Outreach: Experience in Chicago with a Community-Based Participatory Approach
Authors: Parsa Naseem , Dworkin Mark , Thompson Caesar , Chandler Cornelius , Lee SangEun , Kang Aram , Ghebenei Diana , Martin Melissa , Peacock Nadine , Hebert-Beirne Jeni , Stiehl Emily
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In response to disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in urban environments, we ascertained whether a community-engaged evaluation could rapidly determine why unvaccinated Chicago residents were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

Approach

The assessment used a mixed-methods approach, grounded in community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles.

Setting

Interviews were conducted by community partners between April and May 2022 in Chicago, in-person and via phone.

Participants

A purposive sample of Chicagoans (n = 456), who were: (1) adults (≥18 years); (2) living in priority areas in Chicago heavily impacted by COVID-19; (3) who spoke English or Spanish; and (4) had not received the COVID-19 vaccine.

Method

A transdisciplinary academic-community team co-developed an assessment tool. Members of Chicago’s Community Health Response Corps (CHRC) (N = 115) interviewed participants, using a 46-item survey in Qualtrics. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative software, including Dedoose for coding and SAS for descriptive statistics.

Results

Over half of all respondents were not concerned about getting COVID-19. Respondents voiced concerns about side effects (36%), vaccine safety (27%), and trust in governmental institutions, given historical events involving unethical research. Participants also reported other social needs (e.g., food or housing insecurity) that made COVID-19 a lower priority.

Conclusion

The collaborative research approach highlighted issues of trust, concerns about side effects and vaccine safety, issues that have informed vaccine messaging.
Identification and functional analysis of novel biomarkers related to retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Song Wenqi , Huang Bingyao , Wang Tao , Sun Chao
Published: December 2024

Background

Proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR) seriously affects the vision of patients. Exploring the key genes of retinal neovascularization is crucial for developing new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Objective

This study aimed to identify key genes associated with retinal neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), intending to develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This would further our understanding of the progression of diabetic retinopathy and improve patient prognosis.

Methods

The gene data from 36 diabetic retinopathy patient samples and 45 samples from healthy volunteers or diabetic patients were selected from the GEO DataSets (Gene Expression Omnibus), specifically datasets GSE102485 and GSE160310. Utilizing the SVA algorithm to merge datasets and the limma package in R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Functional insights were gained through DAVID database analyses, while STRING database-derived Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks visualized in Cytoscape provided further context. Key genes were identified through LASSO regression and SVM analyses, with ROC curves assessing their diagnostic value. Single gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enhanced our understanding of the perturbed biological processes and pathways, advancing knowledge of diabetic retinopathy at the genomic level.

Results

A rigorous bioinformatic analysis yielded a comprehensive list of 1139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which six pivotal genes—KDM5D, AC007040.11, AC015688.3, NLRP2, GYPC, and TMSB4Y—were identified as central to the study. These six genes consistently demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, with each exhibiting an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) exceeding 0.75. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis elucidated their primary roles in intricate biological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses, T-cell activation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed their involvement in crucial signaling cascades such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion molecule pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling, and hematopoietic cell lineage, further substantiating their significance in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusions

In this research, we conducted a comprehensive gene expression analysis in patients with and without PDR, identifying differentially expressed genes, pivotal biomarkers, and critical pathways potentially involved in PDR progression. Our findings enhance understanding of PDR's molecular dynamics and offer potential avenues for improved prognostication and therapeutic intervention, despite limitations due to sample group heterogeneity.
Predictive value of the hospital frailty risk score in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yujie , Zhuo Chuanchuan , Shen Shi , Zhuo Naiqiang
Published: December 2024

Background

Although artificial hip and knee arthroplasty has been widely used, the incidence of perioperative complications remains relatively high due to factors such as long operation time and large surgical incisions. However, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) clinical value for patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in China is not yet clear. This study aims to explore its clinical value in this population.

Objective

To explore predictive value of the HFRS in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients.

Methods

Elderly patients who underwent artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into the non-frail risk group (HFRS <5 points) and the frail risk group (HFRS ≥5 points) on the basis of the literature grading method. 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were assessed. General data including age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, and surgical time were collected through the electronic medical record system. The occurrence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis, periprosthetic infection, hematoma, anemia, and overall complications was recorded. Hospitalization days, surgical costs, and total treatment costs were also calculated for all patients.

Results

There were no significant differences in age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, or surgical time between the two groups ( p > 0.05). The frail risk group had significantly higher mFI-5 and CCI scores ( p < 0.05). This group also had a higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis and overall complications ( p < 0.05), but similar rates of periprosthetic infection, hematoma, and anemia ( p > 0.05). ROC analysis showed HFRS had the highest predictive value for postoperative complications (AUC = 0.851) compared to mFI-5 (0.786) and CCI (0.739). Surgical costs were similar ( p > 0.05), but the frail group had longer hospital stays and higher total treatment costs ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

HFRS has better predictive value for perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty compared to mFI-5 and CCI scores, and it can be used for predicting perioperative complications in elderly patients with this surgery.
Enhancing mechanical ventilator reliability through machine learning based predictive maintenance
Authors: Peruničić Žarko , Lalatović Ivana , Spahić Lemana , Ašić Adna , Pokvić Lejla Gurbeta , Badnjević Almir
Published: December 2024

Background

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), clinical engineering has witnessed transformative opportunities, enabling predictive maintenance of medical devices, optimization of healthcare workflows, and personalized patient care. Respiratory equipment plays a vital role in modern healthcare, supporting patients with compromised or impaired respiratory capacities. However, ensuring the reliability and safety of these devices is crucial to prevent adverse events and ensure patient well-being.

Objective

This study aims to explore machine learning techniques to enhance predictive maintenance for mechanical ventilators.

Method

The dataset used for this study contains information about 1350 entries of mechanical ventilators, made by 15 different manufacturers and available in 30 distinct models. Different machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, K-nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, and XG Boost are developed and tested in terms of their performance in predicting mechanical ventilator failures.

Results

The ensemble methods, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, have proven to be more adept at handling the complexities of the dataset. The Decision Tree and Random Forest models both showed remarkable accuracies of approximately 0.993, while K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) performed exceptionally with near perfect accuracy.

Conclusion

Adoption of automated systems based on artificial intelligence will help in overcoming challenges of ensuring quality of MDs that are already being used in healthcare institutions. Implementing machine learning-based predictive maintenance can significantly enhance the reliability of mechanical ventilators in healthcare settings.
Analysis of research trends and hotspots in emergency department overcrowding: A bibliometric study based on VOSview and Scimago Graphica
Authors: Chen Hong , Chen Feng , Luo Jie , Chen Sheng
Published: December 2024

Objective

Analyze the research trends and hotspots in emergency department overcrowding derived from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized as the search data source for the bibliometric analysis, and the associated articles published from January 1, 1990, to October 1, 2023.The search was executed using the following formula: TS = (crowded OR overcrowd OR crowding OR overcrowding) AND TS = (Emergency department). VOSviewer, Scimago Graphicaand and additional tools were utilized for bibliometric analysis, and visual knowledge graphs were created.

Results

A total of 1869 articles were included in this study. The country with the largest number of publications is the United States. The primary research institution is the University of Toronto. Jesse M. Pines and his group at George Washington University have the greatest influence in the field of emergency department overcrowding research. Carlos A. Camargo is the author with the highest h-index in this field. High-frequency keywords include “length-of-stay”, “impact”, “mortality”, “triage”, “association”, “outcomes”, “time”, “management”, “access block”, and “quality”. The clustering graph reveals that all keywords fall into seven categories.

Conclusion

We recommend intensifying research on emergency department overcrowding in more developing countries. In the future, the application of emerging technologies in emergency medicine as well as the mental health of emergency patients and medical staff may become research hotspots in this field.
Dynamic modeling and parameters optimization of parallel – suspension type inertially stabilized platform
Authors: Sun Yin , Zhao Feng , Guo Zhenjing , Yan Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

The development of a new generation platform stability system has broken through limitations in its core architecture. The system has both rapid response performance while retaining vibration isolation capability. However, there is an imperative requirement for model mechanism analysis and properties research on new systems. Accordingly, this research proposes a novel parallel – suspension type dynamics model of stabilized platform, and optimizes the key parameters. Concretely, spring elements considering columnar instability phenomenon are applied to isolators to create a parallel – suspension, which replaces the traditional series – gimbals configuration. Furthermore, a 3-DOF dynamic model of the inner frame of the stabilized platform is established, and the optimal parameters are obtained from a constraint index function presented by genetic algorithm. The numerical results show that the vibration isolation effect of the system attenuates the excitation signal energy by more than 70%, and still maintains the steering performance and stability simultaneously. The feasibility and superiority of the model and the parameter optimization method are tested by dynamics software, simulation signal and flight data respectively.
Multibody elastodynamic modeling of parallel manipulators based on the Lagrangian equations without Lagrangian multipliers
Authors: Gong Yaping , Lou Junbin , Yang Chao , Ye Wei
Published: December 2024

Due to the complexity of the multi constraint and multi closed-loop of parallel mechanisms (PMs), their dynamic equations require additional Lagrangian multipliers and constraint equations, which is unfavorable for solving the dynamic equations. In this paper, a multibody elastodynamic modeling of PMs based on the Lagrangian equations is proposed to fix this issue. First, we decompose the closed-loop PMs into open-loop ones by cutting open at the joints, and we propose the subassembly element that considers the flexible links and joints to avoid the singularity of the traditional constraint equations. Second, we extract the nonsingular independent coordinates for these nodes that are constrained by joints and rigid element through multi-point constraint theory and singularity analysis, and then summarized to establish the global independent generalized displacement coordinates (IGDCs). Third, we formulate the Lagrangian equations through the global IGDCs by closing the open-loop of the mechanism. The Guyuan, improved reduction system, subspace iteration method, and precision integration method are respectively presented to analyze the natural frequencies and dynamic response of the mechanism. The proposed method is computationally efficient because the computation concerning the Lagrangian multipliers are not required. Finally, the 3PRRR PM is presented to implement the proposed method.