bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Essential Thrombocythemia, Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Namdaroğlu Sinem , Tekgündüz Emre , Altuntaş Fevzi
Published: March 2016

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is characterized by thrombocytosis and megakaryocytic hyperplasia of the bone marrow with JAK2V617F mutation. Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is mainly characterized by iron deficiency anemia not responding to oral iron intake, but partially responding to parenteral iron therapy. Recently, it has been shown that IRIDA has stemmed from mutations in the gene TMPRSS6, which encodes a transmembrane serine protease (matriptase- 2) expressed by the liver. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2–3% of all cancers. As the most common solid lesion in the kidneys, it represents approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. Approximately 30% of patients with symptomatic RCCs seem to display paraneoplastic syndromes. The symptom that may result from erythrocytosis is the most wellknown paraneoplastic hematological event. Here, we report a patient who presents with coexistence of RCC and thrombocytosis, which hasn’t been caused by hormonal factors that are produced in tumor cells. This patient has been therefore diagnosed with ET. The patient who was expected to display RCC with polycythemia, conversely present with IRIDA.
Estimation of iron overloads using oral exfoliative cytology in beta-thalassemia major patients
Authors: Leekha Swati , Nayar Amit Kumar , Bakshi Preeti , Sharma Aman , Parhar Swati , Soni Sugandhi
Published: March 2016

Background:

Iron overload is a medical condition that occurs when too much of the mineral iron builds up inside the body and produces a toxic reaction. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis, which requires regular blood transfusion therapy, and the lack of specific excretory pathways for iron in humans leads to iron overload in the body tissues. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. The estimation of iron levels in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells may provide a simple, noninvasive, and a safe procedure for estimating the iron overload by using the Perls’ Prussian blue stain.

Methods:

Smears were obtained from buccal mucosa of 40 randomly selected beta-thalassemia major patients and 40 healthy subjects as controls. Smears were stained with Perls’ Prussian blue method. Blood samples were taken for estimation of serum ferritin levels. Images of smears were analyzed using the software image J software version 1.47v and correlated with serum ferritin.

Results:

Perls’ positivity was observed in 87.5% of thalassemic patients with a positive correlation to serum ferritin levels.

Conclusion:

The use of exfoliative buccal mucosal cells for the evaluation of iron overloads in the body provides us with a diagnostic medium that is noninvasive, easy to collect, store, and transport, cost effective, and above all reliable.
Workforce Development Rhetoric and the Realities of 21st Century Capitalism
Authors: Jacobson Erik
Published: March 2016

Increasingly, the provision of adult education (including literacy and training programs) is influenced by a rhetoric of workforce development that tasks education with closing a supposed ‘skills gap’ between the skills that workers have and what employers are looking for. This deficit model of education blames adult learners for their own condition, as well as for larger problems in the economy. In addition to arguing for broader goals for adult education, those in the field also need to question the economic premises of this rhetoric. A review of current economic conditions points to fundamental aspects of capitalism as the source of instability, which means that education and training programs have a limited ability to move large numbers of people out of poverty. For this reason, students and teachers in adult education should focus on developing structural analyses of the situation and push for substantive changes in the economy.
Predictors of English Health Literacy among U.S. Hispanic Immigrants: The importance of language, bilingualism and sociolinguistic environment
Authors: Jacobson Holly E. , Hund Lauren , Soto Mas Francisco
Published: March 2016

In the United States, data confirm that Spanish-speaking immigrants are particularly affected by the negative health outcomes associated with low health literacy. Although the literature points to variables such as age, educational background and language, only a few studies have investigated the factors that may influence health literacy in this group. Similarly, the role that bilingualism and/or multilingualism play in health literacy assessment continues to be an issue in need of further research. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of English health literacy among adult Hispanic immigrants whose self-reported primary language is Spanish, but who live and function in a bilingual community. It also explored issues related to the language of the instrument. An analysis of data collected through a randomized controlled study was conducted. Results identified English proficiency as the strongest predictor of health literacy (p < 0.001). The results further point to the importance of primary and secondary language in the assessment of heath literacy level. This study raises many questions in need of further investigation to clarify how language proficiency and sociolinguistic environment affect health literacy in language minority adults; proposes language approaches that may be more appropriate for measuring health literacy in these populations; and recommends further place-based research to determine whether the connection between language proficiency and health is generalizable to border communities.
Spectroscopic evidence for large aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification in the December 2011 Arctic stratosphere
Authors: Woiwode Wolfgang , Höpfner Michael , Bi Lei , Pitts Michael C. , Poole Lamont R. , Oelhaf Hermann , Molleker Sergej , Borrmann Stephan , Klingebiel Marcus , Belyaev Gennady , Ebersoldt Andreas , Griessbach Sabine , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Gulde Thomas , Krämer Martina , Maucher Guido , Piesch Christof , Rolf Christian , Sartorius Christian , Spang Reinhold , Orphal Johannes
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We analyse polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) signatures in airborne MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding – STRatospheric aircraft) observations under conditions suitable for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above northern Scandinavia on 11 December 2011. The high resolution infrared limb emission spectra of MIPAS-STR show a characteristic "shoulder-like" signature in the spectral region around 820 cm−1, which is attributed to the ν2 deformation mode of NO3− in β-NAT. Using radiative transfer calculations involving Mie and T-Matrix methods, the spectral signatures of spherical and aspherical particles are simulated. The simulations are constrained using collocated in-situ particle measurements. Simulations assuming highly aspherical spheroids with aspect ratios (AR) of 0.1 or 10.0 and a lognormal particle mode with a mode radius of 4.8 µm reproduce the observed spectra to a high degree. A smaller lognormal mode with a mode radius of 2.0 µm, which was also taken into account, plays only a minor role. Best overall agreement is found for elongated spheroids with AR = 0.1. Simulations of spherical particles and spheroids with AR = 0.5 and 2.0 return results very similar to each other and do not allow to reproduce the signature around 820 cm−1. The observed “shoulder-like” signature is explained by the combination of the emission and scattering characteristics of large highly aspherical β-NAT particles. The size distribution supported by our results corresponds with ~9 ppbv of gas-phase equivalent HNO3 at the flight altitude of ~18.5 km. The results are compared with the size distributions derived from the in-situ observations, a corresponding Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, and excess gas-phase HNO3 observed in a nitrification layer directly below the observed PSC. The presented results suggest that large highly aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification of the polar stratosphere can be identified by means of passive infrared limb emission measurements.
Global stratospheric measurements of the isotopologues of methane from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Buzan Eric M. , Beale Chris A. , Boone Chris D. , Bernath Peter F.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of observations of methane and its two major isotopologues, CH3D and 13CH4, from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite between 2004 and 2013. Additionally, atmospheric methane chemistry is modeled using the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model (WACCM). ACE retrievals of methane extend from 6 km for all isotopologues to 75 km for 12CH4, 35 km for CH3D, and 50 km for 13CH4. While total methane concentrations retrieved from ACE agree well with the model, values of δD–CH4 and δ13C–CH4 show a bias toward higher δ compared to the model and balloon-based measurements. Errors in spectroscopic constants used during the retrieval process are the primary source of this disagreement. Calibrating δD and δ13C from ACE using WACCM in the troposphere gives improved agreement in δD in the stratosphere with the balloon measurements, but values of δ13C still disagree. A model analysis of methane's atmospheric sinks is also performed.
Detection of ground fog in mountainous areas from MODIS (Collection 051) daytime data using a statistical approach
Authors: Schulz Hans Martin , Thies Boris , Chang Shih-Chieh , Bendix Jörg
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The mountain cloud forest of Taiwan can be delimited from other forest types using a map of the ground fog frequency. In order to create such a frequency map from remotely sensed data, an algorithm able to detect ground fog is necessary. Common techniques for ground fog detection based on weather satellite data cannot be applied to fog occurrences in Taiwan as they rely on several assumptions regarding cloud properties. Therefore a new statistical method for the detection of ground fog in mountainous terrain from MODIS Collection 051 data is presented. Due to the sharpening of input data using MODIS bands 1 and 2, the method provides fog masks in a resolution of 250 m per pixel. The new technique is based on negative correlations between optical thickness and terrain height that can be observed if a cloud that is relatively plane-parallel is truncated by the terrain. A validation of the new technique using camera data has shown that the quality of fog detection is comparable to that of another modern fog detection scheme developed and validated for the temperate zones. The method is particularly applicable to optically thinner water clouds. Beyond a cloud optical thickness of  ≈ 40, classification errors significantly increase.
Comment on "Scaling regimes and linear/nonlinear responses of last millennium climate to volcanic and solar forcing" by S. Lovejoy and C. Varotsos
Authors: Rypdal Kristoffer , Rypdal Martin
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Lovejoy and Varotsos (L&V) analyse the temperature response to solar, volcanic, and solar plus volcanic, forcing in the Zebiak-Cane (ZC) model, and to solar and solar plus volcanic forcing in the GISS-E2-R model. By a simple wavelet filtering technique they conclude that the responses in the ZC model combine subadditively on time scales from 50 to 1000 yr. Nonlinear response on shorter time scales is claimed by analysis of intermittencies in the forcing and the temperature signal for both models. The analysis of additivity in the ZC model suffers from a confusing presentation of results based on an invalid approximation, and from ignoring the effect of internal variability. We present a test without this approximation which is not able to reject the linear response hypothesis, even without accounting for internal variability. We also demonstrate that internal variability will appear as subadditivity if it is not accounted for. The analysis of intermittencies is based on a mathematical corollary stating that the intermittencies of forcing and response is the same if the response is linear. We argue that there are at least three different factors that may invalidate the application of this corollary for these data. First, the corollary is valid only for a power-law response function. This implies a strong response on centennial time scales, which the authors claim does not take place in these models. Second, it assumes power-law scaling of structure functions of forcing as well as temperature signal, which is not the case for these data. And third, the internal variability, which is strong at least on the short time scales, will exert an influence temperature intermittence which is independent of the forcing. We demonstrate by a synthetic example that the differences in intermittencies observed by L&Veasily can be accounted for by these effects under the assumption of a linear response. Our conclusion is that the analysis performed by L&V does not present valid evidence for a nonlinear response in the global temperature in these climate models.
Observations of the atmosphere and surface state over Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, using unmanned aerial systems
Authors: Cassano John J. , Seefeldt Mark W. , Palo Scott , Knuth Shelley L. , Bradley Alice C. , Herrman Paul D. , Kernebone Peter A. , Logan Nick J.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In September 2012 five Aerosonde unmanned aircraft were used to make measurements of the atmospheric state over the Terra Nova Bay polynya, Antarctica, to explore the details of air–sea ice–ocean coupling. A total of 14 flights were completed in September 2012. Ten of the flight missions consisted of two unmanned aerial systems (UAS) sampling the atmosphere over Terra Nova Bay on 5 different days, with one UAS focusing on the downwind evolution of the air mass and a second UAS flying transects roughly perpendicular to the low-level winds. The data from these coordinated UAS flights provide a comprehensive three-dimensional data set of the atmospheric state (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) and surface skin temperature over Terra Nova Bay. The remaining UAS flights during the September 2012 field campaign included two local flights near McMurdo Station for flight testing, a single UAS flight to Terra Nova Bay, and a single UAS flight over the Ross Ice Shelf and Ross Sea polynya. A data set containing the atmospheric and surface data as well as operational aircraft data have been submitted to the United States Antarctic Program Data Coordination Center (USAP-DCC, http://www.usap-data.org/) for free access (http://gcmd.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?NSF-ANT10-43657, doi:10.15784/600125).
Plication for the Treatment of a Radio-Cephalic Fistula with Ulnar Artery Steal
Authors: Ferrante Liborio , Faggioli Gianluca , Pini Rodolfo , D'Amico Rosalinda , Mauro Raffaella , Stella Andrea
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Generally the steal syndrome occurs in proximal arterial-venous fistulas and only exceptionally with distal vascular access because of the high number of arteries supplying the hand. We describe a rare case of steal syndrome of a proximalized distal radio-cephalic fistula stealing from both the radial and ulnar artery through the palmar arch.

Methods

An 86 year old man was admitted because of a cyanotic, swollen left hand with trophic lesions at the third finger. He had a latero-terminal radio-cephalic fistula performed in 2006 with subsequent proximalization performed four years later after failure of the first one. Duplex ultrasound examination showed a high flow within the fistula (2080 mL/min) and a retrograde perfusion of the radial artery from the ulnar artery through the palmar arch and an angiography excluded stenosis along the radial artery.

Results

We treated the steal syndrome through a plication technique that was performed with careful flow variations measurement, under duplex evaluation, during the surgical procedure. That procedure was effective to maintain the fistula flow and obtain the symptoms relief. The patient was evaluated the day after the intervention and after 10 weeks. The clinical examination highlighted the resolution of hand ischemia. The Duplex Ultrasound examination showed a lower flow within the fistula (1060 mL/min) and a retrograde perfusion of the radial artery from the ulnar artery through the palmar arch with a three-phase flow. Dialysis access from the fistula was never interrupted from immediately after surgery to the present date.

Conclusions

Plication is an effective technique for treatment of steal syndrome requiring a short operative time and it is related to satisfying post-operative results
Plastic Cannula use in Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Smith Vicki , Schoch Monica
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Successful cannulation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) is an important concept in hemodialysis. Metal needles have been used for cannulation in dialysis for over 50 years. Plastic cannula for dialysis is currently being introduced into Australia.

Aims

To identify if the implementation of plastic cannula could decrease the amount of miscannulations and adverse events in AVFs at first cannulation.

Methods

Train all staff in the Barwon Health renal department in the new technique of plastic cannula insertion and implement a new protocol for cannulation of AVFs in the first two weeks of dialysis.

Results

The training process took 12 months longer than anticipated due to issues with ‘expert’ to ‘novice’ reservations from staff, but initial results are positive with the statewide key performance indicator of new patients using AVF at first dialysis rising from 50% in 2013 to 78% in 2015. Staff were significantly more successful cannulating with plastic cannula in patients who had AVF only (67% success) than those who had a CVC alternative (24% success).

Conclusions

Plastic cannulas offer a new and innovative way to cannulate AVFs and with time, expertise and training can be utilized to provide a successful cannulation program for patients starting hemodialysis with AVFs.
Response of Extensive Breast Cancer Skin Metastases to Rechallenge with Trastuzumab Together with Low-Dose Chemotherapy and Insulin
Authors: Orlando Laura , Schiavone Paola , Calvani Nicola , Fedele Palma , Goldhirsch Aron , Cinieri Saverio
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Cutaneous metastasis occurs in about 29% of breast cancer patients and has a deep impact on patient quality of life.

Methods

A 60-year-old woman with cutaneous metastases from heavily pretreated HER2-positive breast cancer received CMFVP (oral cyclophosphamide 100 mg daily; oral prednisone 12.5 mg daily for 2 weeks, then 7.5 mg daily; intravenous weekly methotrexate 25 mg/m2, 5-5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 and vincristine 0.5 mg) with weekly trastuzumab and subcutaneous insulin until disease progression.

Results

From March 2009 to November 2009 the patient was treated with the described regimen. At the best response, we observed the disappearance of some lesions and cessation of bleeding and thoracic pain. Time to progression was 8 months.

Conclusions

Our patient had clinical benefit from reintroduction of trastuzumab, low-dose chemotherapy and insulin. The explanation of this prolonged response is only speculative and requires further clinical confirmation in the treatment strategy of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Peripapillary Retinal Leukemic Infiltration Associated with Papilledema in a T-ALL Patient without Cranial or Optic Nerve Involvement
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Biberoglu Esra , Esen Fehim
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To present a rare case of bilateral peripapillary retinal leukemic infiltration associated with papilledema without retrobulbar optic nerve involvement in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods

This was a retrospective case report.

Results

A 24-year-old man with T-cell ALL and 2-month history of papilledema presented to our department with reduction of visual acuity in the left eye. Visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and hand movements in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed grade 3 papilledema, bilateral peripapillary leukemic infiltration, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging did not show any sign of cranial mass or optic nerve involvement. Pulse steroid therapy and oral acetazolamide was started. At day 18, visual acuity improved to 20/40 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye, while papilledema improved to grade 1 and hemorrhages regressed.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, there is no other report of peripapillary leukemic infiltration in the absence of retrobulbar optic nerve involvement. We suspect that papilledema might have facilitated peripapillary retinal infiltration due to altered vascular permeability. The reverse could also be possible: leukemic infiltration leading to increase in vascular permeability may also contribute to papilledema.
The Counselorand Tragic Recognition
Authors: Knepper Steven Edward
Published: March 2016

At first glance McCarthy's recent screenplay seems to be a rather formulaic Aristotelian tragedy. But on closer examination, its unflinching look at cartel violence raises questions that have long animated critical debate about tragedy. Is tragedy more about the existential plight of a lone individual or the political crisis of a community? Is tragic recognition a matter of stoic acceptance or solidarity with the suffering? Does tragedy veil particular contingent instances of loss and violence as immutable aspects of the human condition? Is true tragedy resolutely pessimistic? If so, is tragedy effectively dead in the modern West, which has inherited religions of messianic hope and mythologies of secular progress? Or do these currents open up the possibility of new forms of tragedy? The Counselor explores all of these questions, and it ultimately stages a choice between two possible responses to the tragic—stoic resignation or radical hope.
Ny dansk filmforskning: en oversigt
Authors: Schepelern Peter
Published: March 2016

I denne artikel giver Peter Schepelern en oversigt over dansk filmforsk-

ning. Artiklen omtaler de forskellige forskningsmiljøer, opridser de teore-

tiske hovedtendenser og nævner de analytiske og historiske bidrag, som

dansk filmforskning har leveret i de seneste ti år. Artiklen kan således

læses som en kommenteret bibliografi til ny danskfilmforskning.
Fra ideologisk invasion til kulturelle møder. Om dansk forskning i udenlandske, internationale og globale medieforhold
Authors: Hjarvard Stig
Published: March 2016

Dansk medieforskning har interesseret sig for medieforhold uden for

landets grænser længe før, globaliseringen blev et tema. Den måde,

hvorpå interessen dyrkes i dansk medieforskning, og det perspektiv

der lægges på disse forhold, er derimod ikke kontinuerlig. I sin artikel

skitserer Stig Hjarvard, hvordan betoningen er skiftet fra en interesse

for udenlandske (fortrinsvis anglo-amerikanske) forhold, via internati-

onale (især europæiske) til globale problemstillinger. Dermed har per-

spektivet på genstandsfeltet også ændret sig. Hvor man førhen især

bedømte medieudvikling og påvirkning fra det danske samfunds ud-

sigtspunkt - dvs. 'indefra' - undersøges disse aspekter idag i langt

højere grad globalt-olympisk, altså 'oppefra'. Men der er også en gen-

nemgående tråd i dansk medieforsknings historie nemlig den nøgterne

eller 'usentimentale' holdning til en fælles national kultur. Det er denne

holdning, som skal bære fremtidig forskning i globale medieforhold,

som vil blive en udfordring for og et centralt tema i rnedieforskningen

fremover. Udfordringen består nemlig i at fastholde både det globale

perspektiv og den faglige specialisering.
Medielandskabet Post Mediasaurus? Udfordringer til medieforskningen efter massemedierne
Authors: Jensen Jens F.
Published: March 2016

Der er mange bud på, hvilken betydning informationsteknologi vil få for

fremtidens medielandskab. Disse bud spænder fra forestillinger om en

ny skelsættende medierevolution, som vil få de kendte medier til at for-

svinde, til påstande om, at der med de 'nye' multimedier egentligt ikke er

noget nyt under solen. I stedet for at kaste sig ud i usikre spådomme

om, hvad fremtiden måtte bringe, forsøger Jens F. Jensen i denne

artikel at skitsere de aktuelle forandringer i medielandskabet. Desuden

diskuteres de udfordringer, som disse forandringer stiller medieforsk-

ningen overfor. Det drejer sig omfølgende tematikker: interpersonel

kommunikation vs. massekommunikation, mediekonvergens vs. diver-

gens, de nye mediers “indhold” og rebalancering af push- og pull-medi-

erne. Artiklen munder ud i en påpegning af, hvordan medieforskningens

genstandsfelt er ved at forandre sig, idet stadig større dele af hverdags-

livet og virkeligheden bliver medierede: indkøb, banktransaktioner,

underholdning, “smarte” forbrugsgenstande etc. Dermed bliver de også

i det mindste potentielt objekter for kommunikations- og medieforsk-

ningen.
Computeren som medie. Humanioras indtog i computerforskningen
Authors: Qvortrup Lars
Published: March 2016

Hvad er en computer, og hvilke begreber kan vi forstå den med? Tidlige

modeller for forståelse opererer med redskabsmetaforen eller indsætter

med »kunstig intelligens« en analogi til den menneskelige bevidsthed. Efter-

hånden udkrystalliserer der sig en forståelse, der betragter computeren

som et medie af multisemantisk karakter. Indledningsvis indkredser Lars

Qvortrup det institutionelle landskab, som diskussionerne har udspillet sig

i. I sin redegørelse for begreberne fokuserer han på humanistiske og især

medievidenskabelige bidrag til udviklingen.
Forskningen og afsenderleddet
Authors: Frandsen Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Afsenderleddet er forudsætningen for det hele, men produktionsmiljøerne

har ikke fået nær så megen opmærksomhed i medieforskningen som me-

dieprodukterne og modtagerne. Hvorfor? Kirsten Frandsen diskuterer med

udgangspunkt i MedieKultur nr. 8, der rejste problemet i 1988, hvorfor der

ikke er sket mere på området. Hun giver et signalement af, hvilke risici og

problemer der er ved produktionsanalyse. Først og fremmest synes dilem-

maet mellem praktikernes behov for aktuel og konstruktiv respons let at

kunne komme i konflikt med forskernes interesse i et historisk kritisk-ana-

lytisk perspektiv. De nye journalistiske uddannelser på RUC og Syddansk

Universitet inviterer samtidig til nye måder at tackle problemerne på.
Statens Humanistiske Forskningsråds (SHF) temadag om dansk film- og medievidenskab (1999)
Authors: Søndergaard Henrik
Published: March 2016

Program og deltagerliste
Hvor vandene skilles – repræsentation af etniske minoriteter i danske medier
Authors: Løngreen Hanne
Published: March 2016

Er det humanistiske videnskabsparadigme blevet kastet ud med badevandet

i tværfaglighedens navn? Artiklen indtager en bevidst humanistisk position i

forhold til forskningen inden for medier og etnicitet og demonstrerer, hvorle-

des denne position kan inddrages i analysen af repræsentationen af etniske

minoriteter i danske medier.
Hinsides post-Big Brother-syndromet. Produktion og reception af Big Brother i Nederland
Authors: Reesink Maarten
Published: March 2016

Big Brother er den hidtil største succes inden for reality-soap-genren, og

det første tv-format der aktivt benyttede de nye medier i forbindelse med

tv-udsendelserne. Artiklen beskriver, hvordan idéen til programmet opstod,

og hvordan programmet blev udviklet op til den første transmission i Neder-

land i 1999. Desuden skitserer forfatteren de forskellige måder, hvorpå pro-

grammet blev italesat i pressen op til og under den første udsendelses-

række.
Danmark rundt – the American Way
Authors: Skovmark Henrik , Christiansen Dennis
Published: March 2016

I den radikale udgave af homogeniseringstesen truer en vestlig/ameri-

kansk (populær)kultur med at udrydde andre kulturer og tilrane sig glo-

balt herredømme. Globaliseringsskeptikere derimod peger på tenden-

sen til at bestyrke den lokale egenart, hvilket kaldes domesticering. I

artiklen påviser Henrik Skovmark og Dennis Christiansen, hvordan den

danske tv-serie Rejseholdet rummer træk, som både peger i retning af

et homogeniseret, amerikansk tv-produkt og et domesticeret, dansk tv-

produkt. Rejseholdet er således blevet til i en proces af global kulturel

udveksling, som af den svenske antropolog Ulf Hannerz betegnes som

kulturel kreolisering.
Global Interconnectedness - Local Authorities and Transnational Networking
Authors: Hansen Hans Krause , Salskov-Iversen Dorte
Published: March 2016

This article argues that, in their continuous and proclaimed efforts at

"modernizing" themselves, public sector organizations, also at the

sub-national level, increasingly envision the new media as an object

of policy making and intervention. At the same time, this focus on the

new media facilitates transborder networking, taking the shape of

globalizing webs that connect the actors internationally through pro-

cesses af mediation and with implications for relations af authority

and modes of governance. As such, these webs both constitute and

facilitate a form of everyday political globalization which is on the rise.

Empirically, our account is based on studies of two local authorities,

the cities of Vina del Mar in Chile and Bremen in Germany, as two of

the transnational networks that connect them.
Kan man opstille adfærdsregler for offentlig debat?
Authors: Koch Christian
Published: March 2016

Denne artikel slår til lyd for at vi har brug for adfærdsregler for offentlig debat. De skal ikke bestå i begrænsninger af ytringsfriheden og selvcensur, ikke i nedfældede bestemmelser eller organer til at håndhæve dem – men i skærpet refleksion, bevidsthed og diskussion om hvad der er rimelig adfærd i offentlig

debat. Især blandt journalister, medie- og kommunikations-forskere og politiske kommentatorer kunne denne skærpede bevidsthed være ønskelig; den kunne f.eks. få dem til at være mere kritisk agtpågivende når politikere og andre personer med indflydelse offentligt diskuterer og besvarer spørgsmål.
Facebook - et netværk i fællesskabet [Facebook - a network within the societal community]
Authors: Tække Jesper
Published: March 2016

This article addresses the question of what the new "social media", like Facebook, mean for the way we are together, develop social identity and shape society. With the point of departure in the works of Luhmann, the article proposes that community-communication is the essence of the self-regulation of our society’s self-regulation and that this type of communication also provides the basis for the formation and maintenance of the person's social identity in harmony with the society. In contrast to community-communication, the article provides the notion of network-communication, classified as a type of communication that may have some positive effects but also might pose risks to modern society and the development and maintenance of social identity. Finally, the article argues that communication around status updates on Facebook may be categorised as network-communication and discusses whether and to what extent this provides the aforementioned risks.
Wolves at the Door: Musical persuasion in a 2004 Bush-Cheney advertisement
Authors: Killmeier Matthew A. , Christiansen Paul
Published: March 2016

Many journalists and scholars overlook the discursive role of music in TV political advertisements. But we argue that music is a potent means of political persuasion. Music in advertisements is determinative; all other elements—images, voiceovers, sound effects, written text, and so on—are circumscribed by the music and interpreted in relation to it. Music determines an advertisement’s character through framing and underscoring; musical frames establish interpretative categories and generate expectations, while underscoring comprises music that closely coordinates with images and voiceovers to form a persuasive aesthetic and rhetorical unity. A close reading of a 2004 Bush-Cheney advertisement applies this theory of frames and underscoring to explain the advertisement’s effectiveness. Without music, the advertisement would not only fail to persuade, it would also make no sense.
Hands on, mobiles on: The use of a digital narrative as a scaffolding remedy in a classical science centre
Authors: Kahr-Højland Anne
Published: March 2016

This article examines an educational design experiment which aimed to support young people’s involvement and reflection in the exhibition at a Danish science centre. The experiment consisted in the examination of the design and implementation of a mobile phone facilitated narrative, which was planned as a so-called scaffolding remedy in the hands-on based exhibition. The digital narrative, called EGO-TRAP, was developed using Design-Based Research as the overall methodological framework. The study of students’ interactions in the exhibition suggests, among other things, that because of its quality as a digital narrative, EGO-TRAP scaffolds pleasurable engagement and counteracts the tendency of "random button pressing" that often occurs in classical science centre exhibitions. In this connection, the mobile phone plays an essential role due to the fact that it, as the favoured media by the young students, offers an experience which they describe as both personal and flexible.
Simulation-based study of negative-capacitance double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor with ferroelectric gate stack
Authors: Liu Chien , Chen Ping-Guang , Xie Meng-Jie , Liu Shao-Nong , Lee Jun-Wei , Huang Shao-Jia , Liu Sally , Chen Yu-Sheng , Lee Heng-Yuan , Liao Ming-Han , Chen Pang-Shiu , Lee Min-Hung
Published: March 2016

The concept of ferroelectric (FE) negative capacitance (NC) may be a turning point in overcoming the physical limitations imposed by the Boltzmann tyranny to realize next-generation state-of-the-art devices. Both the body factor (m-factor) and the transport mechanism (n-factor) are simultaneously improved by integrating an NC with a tunnel FET (TFET). The modeling approach is discussed in this study as well as the NC physics. By optimizing the thicknesses of FE, semiconductor, and interfacial layers, the capacitance of the FE layers is modulated to match that of a MOS resulting in the smallest subthreshold swing that is also hysteresis-free. An ultrathin-body double gate tunnel FET (UTB-DG-TFET) exhibits a steep slope (a subthreshold swing below 10 mV/dec over more than 4 orders of magnitude) for low-power applications (<0.2 V switching voltage) to realize next-generation state-of-the-art devices.
Room-temperature wafer bonding of SiC–Si by modified surface activated bonding with sputtered Si nanolayer
Authors: Mu Fengwen , Iguchi Kenichi , Nakazawa Haruo , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Fujino Masahisa , Suga Tadatomo
Published: March 2016

A modified surface activated bonding (SAB) with Fe–Si multi-nanolayers is expected to achieve the wafer bonding of SiC to various materials. However, Fe diffusion, which affects device performance, cannot be avoided during some annealing processes. In this work, the room-temperature wafer bonding of SiC–Si by only one sputtered Si nanolayer was successfully achieved. The bonding interface was investigated. A uniform intermediate layer with a thickness of ∼15 nm just containing Si, C, and Ar was found at the interface. The bonding strength between the SiC surface and the sputtered Si nanolayer could reach the bulk Si strength in accordance with the results of the strength test. This indicates that the wafer bonding of SiC to any other materials can be achieved easily if the material could be also strongly bonded to the sputtered Si nanolayer. In addition, the thermal and chemical reliabilities of the SiC–Si bonding interface were investigated by rapid thermal annealing and KOH etching, respectively.
Effect of three-dimensional current distribution on characterizing parasitic resistance of FinFETs
Authors: Meng Fan-Hsuan , Lin Po-Yen , Chiu Yu-Lun , Huang Bo-Rong , Lin Chrong Jung , King Ya-Chin
Published: March 2016

A thorough analysis of the FinFET resistance and current distribution is presented. By combining multiple conventional and novel measurement techniques, the key components that contribute to the parasitic resistance of FinFETs can be quantified. Through a three-dimensional (3D) FinFET resistance network model, the impact of the FinFET 3D structure on the current distribution and parasitic resistance is analyzed. The heterogeneous current distribution, known as the current crowding effect, is also discussed with possible alleviation methods through 3D simulation.
Fabrication of two-color surface emitting device of a coupled vertical cavity structure with InAs quantum dots formed by wafer bonding
Authors: Ota Hiroto , Lu Xiangmeng , Kumagai Naoto , Kitada Takahiro , Isu Toshiro
Published: March 2016

We fabricated a two-color surface emitting device of a coupled cavity structure, which is applicable to terahertz light source. GaAs/AlGaAs vertical multilayer cavity structures were grown on (001) and (113)B GaAs substrates and the coupled multilayer cavity structure was fabricated by wafer bonding them. The top cavity contains self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) as optical gain materials for two-color emission of cavity-mode lights. The bonding position was optimized for the equivalent intensity of two-color emission. We formed a current injection structure, and two-color emission was observed by current injection, although no lasing was observed.
Thermal durability of AZO/Ag(Al)/AZO transparent conductive films
Authors: Sugimoto Yukiko , Igarashi Kanae , Shirasaki Shinya , Kikuchi Akihiko
Published: March 2016

Effects of Al doping on surface morphology, sheet resistance, optical transmission spectra, and thermal durability of a thin Ag layer and AZO/Ag/AZO dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) transparent conductive films (TCFs) were investigated. The 1.7 at. % Al doping suppressed the initial island growth of a thin Ag layer and the plasmon resonant absorption dip in the optical transmission spectra. The threshold thickness of percolation conductivity was reduced from 9–10 (pure Al layer) to 5–6 nm (1.7 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). Al doping in the Ag layer improved the thermal durability of AZO/Ag/AZO-DMD TCFs. The threshold temperature for Ag void formation increased from 400 °C (DMD with pure Ag layer) to 600 °C (DMD with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). The optimum annealing temperature increased from 300 °C (DMD with a pure Ag layer) to 500 °C (DMD with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer). Maximum figures of merit (FOM) were 0.5 × 10−2 and 1.1 × 10−2 Ω−1 for the DMD with a pure Ag layer and that with a 10.5 at. % Al-doped Ag layer, respectively.
Models of Inflammation: Carrageenan Air Pouch
Authors: Duarte Djane B. , Vasko Michael R. , Fehrenbacher Jill C.
Published: March 2016

The subcutaneous air pouch is an in vivo model that can be used to study the components of acute and chronic inflammation, the resolution of the inflammatory response, the oxidative stress response, and potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammation. Injection of irritants into an air pouch in rats or mice induces an inflammatory response that can be quantified by the volume of exudate produced, the infiltration of cells, and the release of inflammatory mediators. The model presented in this unit has been extensively used to identify potential anti‐inflammatory drugs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Distinct Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Usary Jerry , Darr David Brian , Pfefferle Adam D. , Perou Charles M.
Published: March 2016

Advances in the screening of new therapeutic options have significantly reduced the breast cancer death rate over the last decade. Despite these advances, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among women. This is due in part to the complexity of the disease, which is characterized by multiple subtypes that are driven by different genetic mechanisms and that likely arise from different cell types of origin. Because these differences often drive treatment options and outcomes, it is important to select relevant preclinical model systems to study new therapeutic interventions and tumor biology. Described in this unit are the characteristics and applications of validated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of basal‐like, luminal, and claudin‐low human subtypes of breast cancer. These different subtypes have different clinical outcomes and require different treatment strategies. These GEMMs can be considered faithful surrogates of their human disease counterparts. They represent alternative preclinical tumor models to cell line and patient‐derived xenografts for preclinical drug discovery and tumor biology studies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of transient flooding on methane fluxes from subtropical pastures
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel D. , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Walter M. Todd , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Bernacchi Carl J. , DeLucia Evan H. , Groffman Peter M. , Keel Earl W. , Sparks Jed P.
Published: March 2016

Seasonally flooded subtropical pastures are major methane (CH4) sources, where transient flooding drives episodic and high‐magnitude emissions from the underlying landscape. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these patterns is needed to better understand pasture CH4 emissions and their response to global change. We investigated belowground CH4 dynamics in relation to surface fluxes using laboratory water table manipulations and compared these results to field‐based eddy covariance measurements to link within‐soil CH4 dynamics to ecosystem fluxes. Ecosystem CH4 fluxes lag flooding events, and this dynamic was replicated in laboratory experiments. In both cases, peak emissions were observed during water table recession. Flooding of surface organic soils and precipitation driven oxygen pulses best explained the observed time lags. Precipitation oxygen pulses likely delay CH4 emissions until groundwater dissolved oxygen is consumed, and emissions were temporally linked to CH4 production in surface soil horizons. Methane accumulating in deep soils did not contribute to surface fluxes and is likely oxidized within the soil profile. Methane production rates in surface organic soils were also orders of magnitude higher than in deep mineral soils, suggesting that over longer flooding regimes CH4 produced in deep horizons is not a significant component of surface emissions. Our results demonstrate that distinct CH4 dynamics may be stratified by depth and flooding of surface organic soils drives CH4 fluxes from subtropical pastures. These results suggest that small changes in pasture water table dynamics can drive large changes in CH4 emissions if surface soils remain saturated over longer time scales.
On the cumulus diurnal cycle over the tropical warm pool
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Johnson Richard H.
Published: March 2016

An idealized cloud‐resolving model experiment is executed to study the prominent cumulus diurnal cycle in suppressed regimes over the tropical warm pool. These regimes are characterized by daytime cumulus invigoration and cloud‐layer moistening connected with enhanced diurnal cycles in shortwave radiative heating (SW) and sea surface temperature (SST). The relative roles of diurnally varying SW and SST in this cumulus diurnal cycle are assessed, wherein radiation is modeled and SST is prescribed. Large‐scale subsidence is parameterized using the spectral weak temperature gradient (WTG) scheme, such that large‐scale vertical motion (wwtg), and hence subsidence drying, is modulated by diurnal changes in diabatic heating. A control simulation exhibits daytime cumulus invigoration that closely matches observations, including midday cloud‐layer moistening. This cumulus invigoration is composed of two distinct modes: (1) a midday nonprecipitating (“forced”) mode of predominately shallow clouds, driven by the peak in SST and surface fluxes as the mixed layer deepens and dries; and (2) a precipitating late‐afternoon (“active”) mode characterized by deeper clouds in connection with a more moist cloud layer. This cloud‐layer moistening is driven by the daytime relaxation of wwtg subsidence, which is prompted by the midday peak in SW. The transition from the surface flux‐driven forced mode to the active precipitating mode is accompanied by a transition from relatively small‐scale boundary layer circulation cells to larger cells that are highly modulated by cold pools, consistent with observations. When the diurnal cycle is removed, clouds are persistently shallower with virtually no rainfall, emphasizing the inherent nonlinearity of the cumulus diurnal cycle.
Santa Ana Winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades
Authors: Guzman‐Morales Janin , Gershunov Alexander , Theiss Jurgen , Li Haiqin , Cayan Daniel
Published: March 2016

Santa Ana Winds (SAWs) are an integral feature of the regional climate of Southern California/Northern Baja California region, but their climate‐scale behavior is poorly understood. In the present work, we identify SAWs in mesoscale dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis from 1948 to 2012. Model winds are validated with anemometer observations. SAWs exhibit an organized pattern with strongest easterly winds on westward facing downwind slopes and muted magnitudes at sea and over desert lowlands. We construct hourly local and regional SAW indices and analyze elements of their behavior on daily, annual, and multidecadal timescales. SAWs occurrences peak in winter, but some of the strongest winds have occurred in fall. Finally, we observe that SAW intensity is influenced by prominent large‐scale low‐frequency modes of climate variability rooted in the tropical and north Pacific ocean‐atmosphere system.
Wide field‐of‐view soft X‐ray imaging for solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Collier M. R. , Kuntz K. D. , Porter F. S. , Sibeck D. G. , Snowden S. L. , Carter J. A. , Collado‐Vega Y. , Connor H. K. , Cravens T. E. , Read A. M. , Sembay S. , Thomas N. E.
Published: March 2016

Soft X‐ray imagers can be used to study the mesoscale and macroscale density structures that occur whenever and wherever the solar wind encounters neutral atoms at comets, the Moon, and both magnetized and unmagnetized planets. Charge exchange between high charge state solar wind ions and exospheric neutrals results in the isotropic emission of soft X‐ray photons with energies from 0.1 to 2.0 keV. At Earth, this process occurs primarily within the magnetosheath and cusps. Through providing a global view, wide field‐of‐view imaging can determine the significance of the various proposed solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction mechanisms by evaluating their global extent and occurrence patterns. A summary of wide field‐of‐view (several to tens of degrees) soft X‐ray imaging is provided including slumped micropore microchannel reflectors, simulated images, and recent flight results.