bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoate‐Functionalized Phosphanes as Novel Building Blocks for the Traceless Staudinger Ligation.
Authors: Mamat Constantin , Flemming Anke , Koeckerling Martin , Steinbach Joerg , Wuerst Frank R.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Areneselenenamides with Alkenes in the Presence of Phosphorus(V) and Sulfur(IV) Oxyhalides. New Synthesis of β‐Haloalkyl Selenides.
Authors: Antipin R. L. , Klak V. N. , Beloglazkina E. K. , Zyk N. V.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Verticillane and Norverticillane Diterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata.
Authors: Chang Jiun‐Yang , El‐Razek Mohamed H. Abd , Shen Ya‐Ching
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aplysqualenols A and B: Squalene‐Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia dactylomela
Authors: Vera Brunilda , Rodriguez Abimael D. , Aviles Edward , Ishikawa Yasuyuki
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Britanlins A—D, Four Novel Sesquiterpenoids from Inula britannica.
Authors: Yang Jun‐Li , Liu Lie‐Lie , Shi Yan‐Ping
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cembrane Diterpenoids from the Taiwanese Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis
Authors: Lin Yun‐Sheng , Chen Chung‐Hsiung , Liaw Chia‐Ching , Chen Yu‐Chen , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Shen Ya‐Ching
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Iodine‐Catalyzed Glycosylation: Enantiomerically Pure β‐Lactams with the Thienamycin Side Chain.
Authors: Banik Bimal K. , Zegrocka Oliwia , Manhas Maghar S. , Bose Ajay K.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Course of Bisacetonation of D‐Xylose in a System Me2CO—Me2C (OMe)2—H2SO4.
Authors: Khasanova L. S. , Selezneva N. K. , Gimalova F. A. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Glycosylation Using Oxathiane Glycosyl Donors.
Authors: Fascione Martin A. , Adshead Sophie J. , Stalford Susanne A. , Kilner Colin A. , Leach Andrew G. , Turnbull W. Bruce
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Complex Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonene Derivatives from Sugar Allyltins; Sugar Mimetics Derived from D‐Glucose.
Authors: Jarosz S. , Jedra S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylation of N‐Glycosides Derived from para‐Substituted Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Bobrikova A. A. , Koroteev M. P. , Koroteev A. M. , Nelyubina Yu. V. , Nifant'ev E. E.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neomastoidin A, a Novel Monoacylglycerol with an Amino Acid Moiety from Macrolepiota neomastoidea.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Euplectin, a Natural Product with a Chromone Fused Indenone.
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , De Saroj Ranjan
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavanoids and Pterocarpans from the Bark of Erythrina fusca.
Authors: Innok Phongsak , Rukachaisirikul Thitima , Suksamrarn Apichart
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Selectivity in Derivatization and Protection of Hydroxy Groups of 51‐HydroxyCTX3C: Chemoselective Synthesis of Biotin‐Conjugated Ciguatoxin Derivatives.
Authors: Ishihara Yuuki , Miyazaki Keisuke , Yamashita Shuji , Hirama Masahiro
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Unsaturated Fatty Acids from the Marine Green Alga Ulva fasciata Delile.
Authors: Abou‐ElWafa Ghada S. E. , Shaaban Mohamed , Shaaban Khaled A. , El‐Naggar Mohamed E. E. , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Essential of Homogeneous Gold Catalysis
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Diamond in the Earth′s Mantle
Authors: Stachel Thomas , Harris Jeff W.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to Biological and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Neretina Svetlana , El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Microstructure, Composition and Properties of Lanthanum Lithium Titanates and Some Substituted Analogues
Authors: Garcia‐Martin Susana , Amador Ulises , Morata‐Orrantia Ainhoa , Rodriguez‐Carvajal Juan , Alario‐Franco Miguel Angel
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions: Applications to the Synthesis of Antiviral Agents
Authors: Najera Carmen , Sansano Jose M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Regioselective Functionalization of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Park Jung‐Woo , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles by Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Borsini Elena , Broggini Gianluigi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis in the Preparation of the Statin Side Chain
Authors: Liljeblad Arto , Kallinen Annukka , Kanerva Liisa T.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organic Thermochemistry of Hydroxylamines, Oximes, Hydroxamic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Slayden Suzanne W. , Liebman Joel F.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Perspectives and Methodologies in Catalytic Enantioselective Aldol Reactions
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidations in Organic Synthesis: New Perspectives
Authors: Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Reactions of Allyltin Compounds and Organotin Phenoxides by Lithium Perchlorate
Authors: Kinart Wojciech J. , Kinart Cezary M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization—Anion Capture Processes Employing Pre‐ and in situ‐formed Organostannanes
Authors: Grigg Ron , Sridharan Visuvanathar
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in the Synthesis of Solid‐Supported Organotin Reagents and Interest of Their Use in Organic Synthesis in a Concept of Green Chemistry
Authors: Chretien Jean‐Mathieu , Kilburn Jeremy D. , Zammattio Francoise , Le Grognec Erwan , Quintard Jean‐Paul
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Cross‐Coupling for the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Pascual Sergio , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Organotin Compounds for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Espinet Pablo , Genov Miroslav
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of SE′ Substitution for Organostannanes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Williams David R. , Nag Partha P.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Carboxylate and Sulfonate Clusters
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Singh Puja , Gopal Kandasamy
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Rings with More than One Heteroatom
Authors: Royer Jacques
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Six‐Membered Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles with More than One Heteroatom
Authors: Matyus Peter , Tapolcsanyi Pal
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Five‐Membered Ring Heterocycles with More than One Heteroatom
Authors: Kadouri‐Puchot Catheerine , Agami Claude
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Three‐ and Four‐Membered Ring Heterocycles with More than One Heteroatom
Authors: Lanners Steve , Hanquet Gilles
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Six‐Membered Ring Heterocycles
Authors: Toyooka Naoki
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biotin — The Chiral Challenge
Authors: Bonrath Werner , Karge Reinhard , Netscher Thomas , Roessler Felix , Spindler Felix
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Halocarbenes: Model Systems for Understanding the Spectroscopy, Dynamics and Chemistry of Carbenes
Authors: Kable Scott H. , Reid Scott A. , Sears Trevor J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction
Authors: Mullins Richard J. , Corbett Michael T.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchrotron Radiation — A Brilliant Source for Solid‐State Research in the Infrared Energy Domain
Authors: Marcelli Augusto , Guidi Mariangela Cestelli , Piccinini Massimo , Innocenzi Plinio , Malfatti Luca , Xu Wei
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Medium Effects on Organic Reactions in Aqueous Colloidal Solutions
Authors: Buurma Niklaas J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Relative Energy of Organic Compounds. Part 3. Components of the Heat of Reactions
Authors: Furka Arpad
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Physicochemical and ADMET Profiling in Drug Discovery.
Authors: Wang Jianling , Skolnik Suzanne
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transporters — The View from Industry.
Authors: Kohl Christopher
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Porous Inorganic Materials in Biomedicine and Medicine
Authors: Wang Haijun , Zhang Keyong , Liu Yaqin
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In silico Prediction of Human Oral Absorption Based on QSAR Analyses of PAMPA Permeability.
Authors: Akamatsu Miki , Fujikawa Masaaki , Nakao Kazuya , Shimizu Ryo
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Predicting Ligand Interactions with ABC Transporters in ADME.
Authors: Demel Michael A. , Kraemer O. , Ettmayer Peter , Haaksma Eric E. J. , Ecker Gerhard F.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Oral Absorption Simulation for Low‐Solubility Compounds.
Authors: Sugano Kiyohiko
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Studies of the Role of Glycopyranosyl Oxacarbenium Ions in Glycobiology and Glycochemistry
Authors: Whitfield Dennis M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in the Karplus Equation as They Relate to the NMR Coupling Constants of Carbohydrates
Authors: Coxon Bruce
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of Discharged Wastewater Final Effluent on the Physicochemical Qualities of a Receiving Watershed in a Suburban Community of the Eastern Cape Province
Authors: Osode Augustina N. , Okoh Anthony I.
Published: January 2010

Failures of sewage treatment systems, both within and outside South Africa, are most commonly ascribed to inadequate facilities and other factors resulting in the production of poor quality effluents with attendant negative consequences on the receiving watershed. The impact of the final effluent of a wastewater treatment facility in a suburban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa on the physicochemical qualities of the receiving watershed was assessed between August 2007 and July 2008. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry standards. The effluent quality was acceptable with respect to the pH (6.9–7.8), temperature (13.8–22.0°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9–7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12–0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119–162 mg/L) and nitrite concentration (0.1–0.4 mg/L). The other physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1–4.0 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5–211 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC) (237–325 μS/cm), and turbidity (7.7–62.7 NTU). The results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. The discharged final effluents had detrimental effects on the receiving body of water, thus suggesting the need for regular and consistent intervention by appropriate monitoring and compliance agencies to ensure adherence to acceptable standards for discharged effluents.
Model Based Raw Water Quality Management – Manganese Mobilization Induced by Bank Filtration
Authors: Kübeck Christine , Hansen Carsten , Bergmann Axel , Kamphausen Stefan , König Christoph , van Berk Wolfgang
Published: January 2010

In many countries bank filtration is used as the first step of drinking water treatment. River water percolates the riverbed and aquifer sediments which serve as a natural filter removing substances like nitrate, particular and dissolved organic matter and trace elements. Raw water quality, therefore, depends on both river water quality as well as hydrogeochemical processes within the sediment. Exemplified by the case study of Auf dem Grind, Well II (Düsseldorf, Germany), the geohydraulic and hydrogeochemical processes of a catchment area that is strongly influenced by bank filtration were investigated. Raw water extracted from Well II showed significantly elevated manganese concentrations compared to river water and to raw water from other wells in the catchment area. A reactive transport model was developed for retracing the measured raw water quality. Retrospective modeling revealed the principles of long and midterm changes in raw water quality, especially fluctuations in manganese concentrations. Based on the model‐scenario, the effects of varying river water qualities and/or agricultural fertilization practices can be predicted. The quantitative understanding of coupled hydrogeochemical and hydraulic processes enables the development of sustainable strategies optimizing raw water quality, e. g. with regard to a cost effective water treatment.
Removal of Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Surfactant‐modified Natural Zeolite: The Effect of Surfactant
Authors: Torabian Ali , Kazemian Hossein , Seifi Laleh , Bidhendi Gholamreza Nabi , Azimi Ali Akbar , Ghadiri Seid Kamal
Published: January 2010

Monoaromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) are a very important category of water pollutants. These volatile compounds are very hazardous because of their fast migration in soil and water bodies and their acute and chronic toxicities when inhaled or ingested, especially benzene which is a known carcinogenic molecule. In this study, a natural zeolite (i. e., clinoptilolite‐rich tuffs) was modified by two cationic surfactants (i. e., hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTMA‐Cl), and N‐cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB)). The prepared adsorbents were then characterized, and their adsorptive capabilities for BTEX examined at different experimental conditions. The results of adsorption tests at 24 h revealed that the adsorption capacity of the modified zeolites improved by increasing the surfactant loading (i. e., less than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), to higher than the CMC), which caused an increase in sorption capacity from 60 to 70% for HDTMA‐modified samples, and from 47 to 99% for CPB‐modified zeolite. Adsorption kinetic tests showed the optimum contact time was 48 h with an average BTEX removal of 90 and 93% for HDTMA‐modified and CPB‐modified zeolite, respectively. Results showed that by increasing of pH from 3 to 11, the sorption capacity of the adsorbent decreased markedly from 97 to 75%. Analyzing the influence of temperature showed that the adsorption efficiency of adsorbents for benzene reduced from 93% at 20°C to 10% at 4°C. However, the influence of temperature on other compounds was not remarkable. Overall, CPB‐modified zeolite exhibited higher selectivity toward BTEX compounds at optimum experimental conditions. Although commercial powder activated carbon (PAC) showed a higher capacity for all BTEX compounds and faster adsorption kinetics, the adsorption capacity of the CPB‐modified zeolite at optimized conditions was competitive with PAC results.
Use of Agro‐Industrial Wastes for Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Parab Harshala , Sudersanan Mahadevan , Shenoy Niyoti , Pathare Tejaswini , Vaze Bhavana
Published: January 2010

The biosorption potential of three different agro‐industrial waste materials of lignocellulosic origin, i. e., coir pith (CP), sawdust (SD) and sugarcane fiber (SF), is investigated in the case of basic dyes, i. e., crystal violet (CV) and rhodamine B (RB). The uptake of dyes from aqueous solutions is found to be rapid when using these candidate biosorbents. The application of various kinetic models reveals good correlation of a pseudo‐second order kinetics model with the experimental data. Equilibrium adsorption data have been analyzed using nonlinearized forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich‐Peterson isotherms, to determine the best fit equation for the adsorption process. Experimental results show that all of the adsorbents are effective for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions and their adsorption capacities are comparable with other reported adsorbents. Since the agricultural solid waste materials used in the present investigation are freely and abundantly available, the adsorption process is expected to be economically viable for wastewater treatment.
Evaporation Process in Soil Surface Containing Calcic Nodules on the Northern Loess Plateau of China by Simulated Experiments
Authors: Zhu Yuanjun , Shao Ming'an , Shao Hongbo
Published: January 2010

Soil containing calcic nodules is widely present on the northern Loess Plateau of China owing to soil genesis under local climate conditions. In most studies, little attention is payed to the effect of calcic nodules on soil evaporation and ecoenvironment, resulting in inaccurate evaporation estimation in this kind of soil and further improper field water management measures and irrigation effects. In this paper, soil column experiments were conducted in order to investigate evaporation process in soil containing calcic nodules and the effect of calcic nodules on soil evaporation was determined. The results indicated that evaporation reduction was positively related to calcic nodule content (CNC = mass of calcic nodules/total mass), and could be estimated by the experiential equation: Esoil = E0 (1 – 0.4 CNC) (Esoil = actual evaporation, E0 = theory evaporation in soil without calcic nodules). When CNC was below 0.2, the impact could be neglected. While, as CNC exceeded 0.2, the impact needed to be considered during soil evaporation estimation. As CNC reached 0.5, soil evaporation could be reduced by 7.5 mm, accounting for around 10% of the total soil water. Water balance calculation in soil columns showed that water absorbed by calcic nodules was partially available to evaporation. Water available to evaporation was positively related to CNC, and this water could not exceed 63% of the water absorbed by calcic nodules. Generally, evaporation behavior was dominated by calcic nodule quantity and its water absorption. These results provide new ideas for irrigation measures in arid areas of the globe.
Removal of Elongated Particle Aggregates on Fibrous Filters
Authors: Boskovic Lucija , Altman Igor S. , Braddock Roger D. , Agranovski Igor E.
Published: January 2010

Elongated aerosol particle removal on fibrous filters has been investigated. It was shown that particle agglomerates are removed much more efficiently compared to the regularly shaped single particles with identical electrical mobility diameter at two filtration velocities tested. The experimental results were compared with the classical filtration theory and it was shown that the theoretical predictions, which are based on the assumption that the particles are spherical, are significantly different compared to an agglomerate filtration efficiency value. In order to account for a particle shape non‐regularity, dominating nanoparticle removal mechanisms were firstly evaluated for a regular particle of certain size and then adjusted by fitting coefficients k1 (for diffusion component) and k2 (for interception). These coefficients were determined by fitting the theoretical values that gives the best coincidence with the measured data points. As was further demonstrated theoretically, the coefficient k1 is identical to the ratio of the actual particle surface area to the surface area of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. On the other hand, the coefficient k2 was found to be equal to the ratio of the projection of a given particle on a plane perpendicular to a streamline, to that of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. The reported findings would allow undertaking more accurate evaluation of the removal efficiency of non‐regular aerosol particle, which is especially important for industrial applications where non‐regular aerosols are frequently met.
Chemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Present in Contaminated Soil using a Packed‐bed Column Reactor
Authors: Franco Débora V. , Da Silva Leonardo M. , Jardim Wilson F.
Published: January 2010

Soil samples extracted from a contaminated landfill with hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), were treated in a packed‐bed column reactor applying different reductant solutions under controlled flow conditions. In all cases, the kinetic study concerning removal of Cr(VI) from packed soil revealed the overall process (leaching and redox reaction) is described by pseudo‐first order kinetics. The complexity of the process taking place in non‐isotropic medium (packed soil) was evidenced by dependence of the overall pseudo‐first order kinetic rate constant, k*, on treatment time, volumetric flow rate, and composition and concentration of the reductant solution. A phenomenological equation was proposed in order to represent k* in non‐ideal conditions. The comparative study concerning the use of different reductants revealed application of ferrous sulphate, Fe(II), under flow conditions furnished the best results, since in this case the redox process reached a considerable extent and the reduced chromium, Cr(III), was immobilized in packed soil as an insoluble mixed compound.
Oxazole‐Bridged Combretastatin A Analogues with Improved Anticancer Properties
Authors: Biersack Bernhard , Effenberger Katharina , Schobert Rainer , Ocker Matthias
Published: January 2010

Three new oxazole‐bridged combretastatin A analogues with additional functional groups at the B‐ring [‐SMe, ‐OH, p‐quinone] were tested for antiproliferative activity and specificity on human HL‐60 leukemia, 518A2 melanoma, and colon carcinomas HCT‐116 (wt)/(p53−/−) and HT‐29 cells. While all oxazoles, except quinone 8, were efficacious against HCT‐116 cells at submicromolar IC50 values (48 h incubation), only thioanisole 5 achieved this potency in combretastatin‐refractory HT‐29 cells by significant upregulation of p21cip1/waf1 associated with an S/G2 cell‐cycle arrest.
Magnetically Deformable Liquid Mirrors from Surface Films of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ritcey Anna M. , Borra Ermanno
Published: January 2010

This article describes the development of a magnetically deformable mirror composed of a reflective monolayer of silver nanoparticles deposited at the surface of a ferrofluid. In order to be commercially competitive, this mirror must surpass existing technologies with respect to optical performance. Several important characteristics of the mirror, including reflectivity, deformability and long term stability, are determined in large part by the constituent chemical components. This article describes recent progress in the optimisation of these components. As outlined below, several important objectives have been met and the mirror has clearly passed the proof‐of‐concept stage. Challenges, however, remain, particularly with respect to the stability of the surface layer of silver nanoparticles that imparts reflectivity to the mirror. This interdisciplinary project underscores the role that fundamental colloid and surface chemistry can play in the development of a unique optical element.
Transesterification of Triglycerides Using Nitrogen‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Villa Alberto , Tessonnier Jean‐Philippe , Majoulet Olivier , Su Dang Sheng , Schlögl Robert
Published: January 2010

Nitrogen‐functionalized carbon nanotubes were synthesized by grafting amino groups to the surface of the nanotubes. The nanotubes exhibited promising results in the base‐catalyzed liquid phase transesterification of glyceryl tributyrate with methanol, which is a model reaction for the production of biodiesel. The concentration of the active sites and the reaction parameters, such as temperature and glyceryl tributyrate to methanol ratio, were shown to significantly affect catalytic performance. The grafting technique employed allowed for design and control of the active sites. As a consequence, it was possible to design a nitrogen‐functionalized carbon nanotube catalyst with a few strong, basic groups. This might be of interest for carbohydrate conversion reactions where strong basic sites are required but the pH of the solution should remain mild to avoid the degradation of the reactants and/or products.
Tracing Laser‐Induced Dielectric Breakdown in Solids
Authors: Rethfeld B. , Krutsch H. , Hoffmann D.H.H.
Published: January 2010

We model the transient free electron density in laser‐irradiated dielectrics with a kinetic approach. The internal electrical field responsible for the strength and mechanisms of photon absorption is calculated self‐consistently in dependence on the increasing free electron density. The results show the threshold behavior of the absorbed energy, responsible for dielectric breakdown (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shell Structure of Confined Charges at Strong Coupling
Authors: Wrighton J. , Dufty J.W. , Bonitz M. , Kählert H.
Published: January 2010

A theoretical description of shell structure for charged particles in a harmonic trap is explored at strong coupling conditions of Γ = 50 and 100. The theory is based on an extension of the hypernetted chain approximation to confined systems plus a phenomenological representation of associated bridge functions. Predictions are compared to corresponding Monte Carlo simulations and quantitative agreement for the radial density profile is obtained (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ionization Cross Section for Strongly Coupled Partially Ionized Hydrogen Plasma with Arbitrary Ionization Degree
Authors: Baimbetov F.B. , Kudyshev Zh.A.
Published: January 2010

As it has been shown in previous works, it is very important to take into account the influence of plasma surrounding during ionization process consideration. The present work is the generalization of previous works to arbitrary ionization degree. The ionization cross section is calculated with help of pseudopotential model of plasma particles interaction, which takes into account correlation effects. The electron impact ionization cross section is calculated with account of phase shifts of scattered electron within quasiclassic approach. It is compared with results of previous works, experimental data and suitable results presented by other authors (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical Resistivity in Warm Dense Plasmas Beyond the Average‐Atom Model
Authors: Pain J. C. , Dejonghe G.
Published: January 2010

The exploration of atomic properties of strongly coupled partially degenerate plasmas, also referred to as warm dense matter, is important in astrophysics, since this thermodynamic regime is encountered for instance in Jovian planets' interior. One of the most important issues is the need for accurate equations of state and transport coefficients. The Ziman formula has been widely used for the computation of the static (DC) electrical resistivity. Usually, the calculations are based on the continuum wavefunctions computed in the temperature and density‐dependent self‐consistent potential of a fictive atom, representing the average ionization state of the plasma (average‐atom model). We present calculations of the electrical resistivity of a plasma based on the superconfiguration (SC) formalism. In this modeling, the contributions of all the electronic configurations are taken into account. It is possible to obtain all the situations between the two limiting cases: detailed configurations (a super‐orbital is a single orbital) and detailed ions (all orbitals are gathered in the same superorbital). The ingredients necessary for the calculation are computed in a self‐consistent manner for each SC, using a density‐functional description of the electrons. Electron exchange‐correlation is handled in the localdensity approximation. The momentum transfer cross‐sections are calculated by using the phase shifts of the continuum electron wavefunctions computed, in the potential of each SC, by the Schrödinger equation with relativistic corrections (Pauli approximation). Comparisons with experimental data are also presented (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy Relaxation Study for Warm Dense Matter Experiments
Authors: Schlanges M. , Bornath Th. , Vorberger J. , Gericke D.O.
Published: January 2010

We present a quantum kinetic description of temperature relaxation in warm dense matter. Starting from a general balance equation, we show how kinetic, correlation, and exchange energies of electrons and ions are exchanged during the equilibration towards equilibrium. Different approximations for the electron‐ion energy transfer rates are discussed. The approach is.nally applied to heated solids and shock‐compressed matter as investigated in recent warm dense matter experiments to estimate the minimum time needed between pump and probe pulses when investigating equilibrium properties (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A longitudinal study of emotion regulation and anxiety in middle childhood: Associations with frontal EEG asymmetry in early childhood
Authors: Hannesdóttir Dagmar Kr. , Doxie Jacquelyn , Bell Martha Ann , Ollendick Thomas H. , Wolfe Christy D.
Published: January 2010

We investigated whether brain electrical activity during early childhood was associated with anxiety symptoms and emotion regulation during a stressful situation during middle childhood. Frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetries were measured during baseline and during a cognitive control task at 4 ½ years. Anxiety and emotion regulation were assessed during a stressful situation at age 9 (speech task), along with measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Questionnaires were also used to assess anxiety and emotion regulation at age 9. Results from this longitudinal study indicated that children who exhibited right frontal asymmetry in early childhood experienced more physiological arousal (increased HR, decreased HRV) during the speech task at age 9 and less ability to regulate their emotions as reported by their parents. Findings are discussed in light of the associations between temperament and development of anxiety disorders. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52:197–204, 2010
Mechanistic Insights into Copper‐Catalyzed Michael Reactions
Authors: Pérez Elisabet , Moreno‐Mañas Marcial , Sebastián Rosa María , Vallribera Adelina , Jutand Anny
Published: January 2010

The mechanism of the Michael reaction between 2‐(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclopentanone (2) and methyl vinyl ketone (3) catalyzed by the copper(II) salt [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)2] (1) has been investigated in toluene. The kinetics of the reaction of the catalyst 1 with the oxo ester 2 has been investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy. It has been established that [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)2] (1) reacts with 2 in a first‐order reaction, which is retarded by 5‐tBu‐Sal‐H (6), formed in the reaction after the reversible dissociation of [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)2] to [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)]+ and 5‐tBu‐Sal– and the subsequent reversible deprotonation of 2 by 5‐tBu‐Sal–. The formation of the mixed complex [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)(enolate‐2)] (5) is proposed and has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The rate constant for the overall reaction leading to [Cu(5‐tBu‐Sal)(enolate‐2)] (5) has been determined. The reaction of the mixed complex 5 with methylvinyl ketone (3), investigated by cyclic voltammetry, is proposed as the rate‐determining step.