bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'enquête des Gaston ou les sociologues au travail
Authors: Rot Gwenaële , Vatin François
Published: August 2010

Résumé En 1954 Bernard Mottez et Jacques Dofny, alors apprentis sociologues, partaient, supervisés par Alain Touraine et Jean-Daniel Reynaud, arpenter les laminoirs de Mont-Saint-Martin pour enquêter sur la perception du changement technique par les ouvriers. Cette enquête phare de la sociologie du travail française d’après-guerre, dont c’était là la première phase, ne sera finalement publiée sous forme d’ouvrage qu’en 1966. Cet article vise à dégager, si ce n’est tous, du moins certains des différents « états » (comme on dit d’une peinture), cachés derrière la seule façade visible de l’ouvrage de 1966. Son matériau est constitué, outre des différents rapports intermédiaires, du carnet d’enquête tenu par les deux jeunes chercheurs, qui s’appelaient eux-mêmes les Gaston. Ce précieux document permet d’étudier la sociologie « en train de se faire » et de montrer comment l’ouvrage final traduit l’enquête selon les normes d’écriture de l’exposé sociologique de cette période.
L'avant-garde totale
Authors: Brun Éric
Published: August 2010

Résumé Alors que la figure de l’« expert », qui accompagne la prise de décision politique au nom d’une compétence certifiée sur un domaine spécialisé, se développe fortement à partir de 1945, d’autres agents produisent des formes d’engagement intellectuel dans la politique bien différentes. Mené notamment par Guy Debord, le groupe d’avant-garde « Internationale situationniste » (1957-1971) intervient dans la politique au titre d’une maîtrise autoproclamée du « qualitatif », c’est-à-dire d’une connaissance de la pauvreté « qualitative » de la vie quotidienne et de la réalité des désirs qui viseraient à la libérer. Son intervention dans la politique se fait alors contre la « politique spécialisée », et dans le cadre d’une tentative de synchronisation des principes de création, connaissance et action. L’article tentera de comprendre les pressions sociales et symboliques au fondement de l’adoption d’une stratégie d’« avant-garde totale », dont cette forme singulière d’engagement intellectuel dans la politique est une expression.
L'anneau de Mœbius
Authors: Matonti Frédérique
Published: August 2010

Résumé En janvier 1966, paraît aux Éditions du Seuil, dans la collection « Tel Quel », Théorie de la littérature  : un recueil de textes, pour la plupart inédits, des formalistes russes. L’ouvrage, traduit par Tzvetan Todorov et préfacé par Roman Jakobson, est d’abord reçu comme l’une des généalogies fondatrices de la linguistique structurale. Et, en effet, la construction complexe de ce recueil, sa « mise en texte », et sa réception dans la presse et dans les revues participent de la production d’une généalogie officielle du structuralisme, alors au cœur de ce moment intellectuel. Pourtant, dans le même temps, s’organise une autre réception, politique cette fois, de ces mêmes formalistes. Organisée autour d’Aragon, mais aussi de Jakobson, elle participe des luttes internes au monde communiste international. Il s’agit alors pour ces passeurs à la fois de se débarrasser de toute tentation d’art de parti, de réhabiliter les avant-gardes littéraires et artistiques, mais aussi de protéger les survivants et les continuateurs de cette histoire née dans la Russie des débuts de la Révolution.
Déscolarisation universitaire et rationalités étudiantes
Authors: Garcia Sandrine
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article confronte les dispositifs mis en œuvre à l’université pour combattre les taux d’échec avec les rationalités étudiantes et, en particulier, le rapport à la contrainte résultant de leur trajectoire scolaire antérieure. Il n’est pas vrai que « l’université produit de l’échec » ; elle s’avère plutôt incapable de scolariser les étudiants qui la choisissent par défaut, de leur faire incorporer les dispositions « laborieuses » qui, en cas de faible capital scolaire à l’entrée, conditionnent la réussite à l’université. Au total, l’article montre que le modèle de la responsabilité individuelle de l’étudiant relève d’un choix politique.
Mobilité sociale et ségrégation à Athènes
Authors: Maloutas Thomas
Published: August 2010

Résumé La ségrégation est une forme de séparatisme social produite par la discrimination ouverte ou par l’agrégation des choix de localisation résidentielle. Un environnement de haute mobilité sociale et de régulation libérale de l’allocation du logement favorise la ségrégation à travers la mobilité résidentielle induite par la mobilité sociale et le triage spatial qui en résulte. L’exemple d’Athènes montre que, même quand ces conditions ne sont pas réunies, le séparatisme social prend des formes différentes qui peuvent aussi neutraliser les effets bénéfiques escomptés de la mixité sociale : ce n’est pas la distance spatiale qui génère la distance sociale, elle est plutôt un moyen par lequel celle-ci se reproduit. Par ailleurs, les inégalités générées par cette ségrégation ne figurent pas sur l’agenda politique athénien, qui a laissé la structure socio-spatiale traditionnelle de la ville se déliter progressivement avec les choix de localisation résidentielle des couches moyennes et supérieures.
Estimer l'âge sans le mesurer en paléodémographie
Authors: Caussinus Henri , Courgeau Daniel
Published: August 2010

Résumé Pour estimer la structure par âge au décès des populations du passé, alors qu’ils ne disposent que d’indicateurs biologiques, les paléodémographes ont développé un certain nombre de méthodes, qui s’appuient sur une population de référence pour laquelle indicateurs biologiques et âges au décès sont connus. Nous présentons d’abord ces différentes approches avec leurs hypothèses sous-jacentes, et montrons leurs points faibles. Pour pallier ces inconvénients nous développons une nouvelle méthode statistique qui permet une estimation mieux assurée de la structure des décès par âge. Il s’agit d’une méthode bayésienne dont nous présentons d’abord le principe et l’utilisation pratique : choix de la loi a priori, calcul de la loi a posteriori, intervalles de crédibilité. La comparaison avec les méthodes antérieures, à l’aide de simulations, montre un net avantage de cette approche, que nous appliquons ensuite à des données archéologiques observées. Une vue synthétique des principaux avantages de la méthode proposée, souplesse et efficacité, conclut cet article.
La planification des naissances dans l'année : une réalité peu visible en France
Authors: Régnier-Loilier Arnaud
Published: August 2010

Résumé L’une des explications avancées pour rendre compte du surplus de naissances observé en France au printemps dans les années 1970-1980 était la possible planification de la part des couples. Mais les récentes évolutions du mouvement saisonnier, caractérisées par un déplacement de son mode et une diminution de son amplitude, paraissent remettre en cause cette hypothèse. Toutefois, les données de deux enquêtes récentes comportant des questions spécifiques sur le sujet, ainsi que les fichiers de l’état civil, permettent de montrer qu’une fraction non négligeable de couples arrête d’utiliser un moyen contraceptif dans le but d’avoir un enfant à une période précise de l’année. Attrait de la belle saison et raisons professionnelles en sont les principales motivations. La décomposition du mouvement saisonnier selon la profession des femmes laisse apparaître quelques spécificités chez les « agricultrices », « artisans, commerçants et chefs d’entreprise » et, plus particulièrement, chez les institutrices. Celles-ci accouchent majoritairement au printemps, beaucoup plus rarement en juillet et en août, animées par le souhait de cumuler leur congé de maternité avec les vacances d’été.
Étudier les rapports des citoyens à l'Europe à partir d'entretiens collectifs : Une illustration des problèmes de la comparaison internationale en méthodologie qualitative
Authors: Garcia Guillaume , Van Ingelgom Virginie
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article contribue à éclairer une difficulté récurrente de la méthodologie qualitative : celle de la comparabilité des corpus sur lesquels se fonde l’analyse. Ce questionnement est abordé en examinant un cas particulier qui se pose lorsqu’on a recours à des entretiens collectifs. Souhaitant étudier les attitudes des citoyens à l’égard de l’intégration européenne, nous avons mis en œuvre une comparaison entre la France, la Belgique francophone et le Royaume-Uni. Nous avons par ailleurs concrètement privilégié des groupes « artificiels », segmentés sur une base typologique, en constituant des classes de groupes selon une modélisation simplifiée de la stratification sociale. Parce que l’intervention du chercheur est particulièrement active dans la mise en œuvre du dispositif d’enquête, sont soulevées des questions cruciales pour la comparaison mais rarement explicitées lorsqu’il s’agit d’adopter une démarche qualitative : jusqu’où faut-il aller dans la construction de la comparabilité, c’est-à-dire dans l’harmonisation des données ? Sur quelles bases ? Quel respect doit être accordé à la singularité du social au sein de chaque terrain ? À la lumière de notre propre recherche, il semble que la typicité constitue une grammaire à géométrie variable qui ne saurait nullement être tenue pour absolue, c’est-à-dire, dans notre cas, applicable de manière strictement identique d’une catégorie sociale à l’autre ou d’un pays à l’autre. Les obstacles rencontrés ne sont néanmoins jamais insurmontables, pour peu que l’on adopte une posture suffisamment réflexive à l’égard de sa propre pratique. Au total, nous voudrions contribuer à souligner le nécessaire assouplissement des conceptions des règles de la comparaison que suppose l’adoption d’une telle démarche qualitative.
Les relations anthropozoologiques à l'épreuve du travail scientifique. L'exemple de l'animal dans les pratiques de soin
Authors: Michalon Jérôme
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article est une invitation à discuter la place de la science dans l’étude des relations anthropozoologiques. Nous soutenons que la « science », en tant qu’elle fait partie du fond culturel commun de l’Occident contemporain, doit être prise en compte par quiconque prétend documenter ce qui se joue « ici et maintenant » dans nos rapports aux animaux. Dans la lignée de la sociologie des sciences, nous suggérons que les manières qu’ont les scientifiques de penser le monde animal, de mobiliser les êtres animaux dans leurs pratiques et de produire des énoncés à leur propos, pourraient constituer autant d’objets pour une approche socio-anthropologique de ces rapports. Le propos est illustré par la présentation d’un travail bibliographique mené autour des Interactions avec l’Animal à but Thérapeutique. À travers l’analyse du développement de ce champ de recherche nouveau, nous avons décelé plusieurs « énoncés animaux » à l’œuvre en son sein, chacun lié à des cultures épistémiques particulières.
Leadership in Doctoral Nursing Research Programs
Authors: Minnick Ann F. , Norman Linda D. , Donaghey Beth , Fisher Linda W. , McKirgan Irene M.
Published: August 2010

The expansion of U.S. doctoral nursing research programs and transitions based on demographic distribution of the nursing academic workforce raises questions about the preparation for leadership transition planning. The purpose of this study was to describe the program leaders, job conditions, and status of transition efforts. A survey of U.S. nursing research doctoral programs (
N
= 105) was conducted in 2008. The response rate was 84.8%. A Web search of nonresponding schools provided some data from all programs. Most research doctoral program leaders hold additional responsibilities (mean = 4.2). The mean budgeted leadership time was 32.9% (
SD
= 21.4). Among programs in which the director’s age was at least 60 years, 59% had no succession plan. Continuing improvement of the quality of doctoral nursing research programs could be compromised by leadership transition issues. To produce research-competitive graduates, continued support and attention to leadership of these programs is essential.
Third-Year Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Perceptions of High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Wotton Karen , Davis Jordana , Button Didy , Kelton Moira
Published: August 2010

High-fidelity simulation, with the potential to enhance cognitive, associative, and autonomous skills, can help students develop clinical reasoning. This study examined third-year students’ (
N
= 300) perceptions about the implementation of high-fidelity simulation into an existing clinical course. Data were collected using an evaluation form completed by students after the simulation. Students perceived high-fidelity simulation as enjoyable, with an appropriate degree of challenge yet possessing congruency with concepts studied in the course. Students’ transient feelings of confusion were interpreted as a natural component of the problem solving process as they analyzed, clustered, and interpreted cues to respond to rapid changes in the simulated patient’s clinical condition. Debriefing was viewed as an important component and assisted in clarifying students’ knowledge and rationale for practice. Further research is required on the relationship between the degree of confusion and its impact on learning and whether high-fidelity simulation increases the ability to reason in the clinical setting.
Conjunctival Cysts as a Complication After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Guadilla Ana Maria , de Liaño Pilar Gómez , Merino Pilar , Franco Gema
Published: August 2010

Purpose:

To identify possible factors associated with the development of a conjunctival cyst after surgery for strabismus.

Methods:

A descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study was done including 12 cases from the past 20 years presenting a conjunctival cyst as a complication of strabismus surgery. Variables included age, sex, eye and muscle operated on, surgical technique used, surgeon, type of suture, and type of conjunctival incision. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The incidence of conjunctival cysts was 0.25%. Although ultimately statistically significant differences in the variables studied could not be demonstrated (
P
> .05), a greater incidence in the development of this complication in young patients who underwent recession (58.3%) as the surgical technique was observed.

Conclusion:

Recession may be a risk factor in the development of a conjunctival cyst caused by the high frequency of dragging Tenon capsule during this surgical technique.
Frequent Prosthesis Refitting to Prevent Implant Exposure in Patients With Retinoblastoma
Authors: Williams Basil K. , Schefler Amy C. , Garonzik Scott N. , Gologorsky Daniel , Shi Wei , Cavalcante Ludimila L. , Cavalcante Milena L. , Feuer William J. , Murray Timothy G.
Published: August 2010

Purpose:

To examine the effects of prosthesis refitting on porous orbital implant exposure in 100 patients who underwent enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Methods:

Parameters analyzed included patient’s age at enucleation, gender, implant type, frequency of prosthesis adjustment, and use of chemotherapy or radiation. The main outcome measures consisted of the condition of the fornices, condition of the implant (including conjunctival thinning), and condition and functioning ability of the prosthesis.

Results:

Increased frequency of visits with the ocularist and number of prosthesis adjustments and refits significantly improved the condition of the implant, fornices, and prosthesis. The patient’s age at enucleation, gender, and use of chemotherapy or radiation did not have a significant effect on any of the outcome variables. The condition of the implant was significantly better for porous polyethylene than hydroxyapatite implants (
P
= .024). No implant exposures were observed.

Conclusion:

Frequent adjustments and refits by the ocularist are significantly associated with a reduced rate of conjunctival thinning and complete avoidance of implant exposure in patients undergoing enucleation for retinoblastoma. These findings are particularly significant for this population, which historically has demonstrated a high rate of implant exposure.
Unilateral Retinal Dysplasia Clinically Mimicking Retinoblastoma
Authors: Biswas Saumitra , Paul Prabir Chandra , Chakraborty Jayati , Chakrabarti Sudipta
Published: August 2010

Retinal dysplasia is a rare non-neoplastic congenital disorder characterized by aberrant differentiation of the retina with formation of abnormal tubular and rosette-like structure. Clinically, the lesion presents with leukocoria and mimics a retinoblastoma. One such case is described that occurred unilaterally in a 9-month-old boy.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Following Laser Therapy for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Erol Nazmiye , Gürsoy Hüseyin , Sahin Afsun , Basmak Hikmet
Published: August 2010

Trial of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in 7 eyes of 4 infants with continued retinopathy of prematurity progression despite previous laser therapy was reported. Six of the eyes benefited from the therapy. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection may be an alternative therapy in progressive stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity despite laser photocoagulation.
Psychotropic Medications and Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Van Leuven Karen
Published: August 2010

Falls are a common problem among older adults that may be exacerbated by the addition of psychotropic medications. Within each drug class, some medications have lower risk of falls. As a result, a comprehensive effort to decrease falls begins with a review of medications. Drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy are widespread due to the number of medications older adults consume. Nurses can eliminate unnecessary medications and seek safer alternatives for potentially inappropriate medications. Most drugs require lower initial dosing, slow titration, and lower maximum dosing when used with older adults. Active screening by an interdisciplinary team along with appropriate interventions to address medication management, as well as gait, strength, and balance training, may reduce the risk of falls among older adults taking psychotropic medications.
A Modified Technique for Extracting a Dislocated Lens with Perfluorocarbon Liquids and Viscoelastics
Authors: Dalma-Weiszhausz José , Franco-Cardenas Valentina , Dalma Alejandro
Published: August 2010

The authors describe a modified technique for extraction of a dislocated crystalline lens or large and hard lens fragments displaced into the vitreous cavity. An ophthalmic viscosurgical device was used around and on top of the heavy liquid bubble to keep the lens centered and less mobile for easier phacofragmentation or removal by the cutting-suction probe. This technique was used in 10 eyes, including cases of traumatic dislocation and Marfan syndrome, with excellent anatomical results and no complications that could be attributed to the surgical technique. The technique has also been used to retrieve and reposition dislocated intraocular lenses.
Sclerochorioretinal Abnormalities in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Treated with Rosiglitazone
Authors: de Almeida Torres Rogil José , Muccioli Cristina , Maia Maurício , Noronha Lucia , Luchini Andréa , Alessi Alexandre , Olandoski Márcia , Farah Michel Eid , Précoma Dalton Bertolin
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:

To evaluate early retinal, choroidal, and scleral abnormalities induced by a hypercholesterolemic diet and the prevention of these abnormalities after oral administration of rosiglitazone in rabbits.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into four study groups: control group, normal diet; group 1, hypercholesterolemic diet; group 2, hypercholesterolemic diet associated with daily administration of 3 mg of rosiglitazone from day 14 after beginning the diet; and group 3, hypercholesterolemic diet associated with daily administration of 3 mg of rosiglitazone since the beginning of the experiment. Sclera and choroid underwent histologic and histomorphometric analyses. Retina underwent immunohistochemical analysis with anti-calretinin and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies.

Results:

No abnormalities were observed in the control group. Group 1 had significant increases in scleral and choroidal thicknesses compared with the control group (
P
< .01) and group 3 (
P
< .05). Group 1 presented significant increases in immunoreactivity (
P
< .001) to the anti-calretinin antibody compared with the other groups. Groups 2 and 3 had significant (
P
< .002) increases in calretinin immunoreactivity compared with the control group. GFAP was negative in all groups.

Conclusion:

The hypercholesterolemic diet induced early retinal, choroidal, and scleral abnormalities. Rosiglitazone preserved the structural anatomy.
Bleb Morphology Characteristics and Effect on Positional Intraocular Pressure Variation
Authors: Weizer Jennifer S. , Goyal Anju , Ple-Plakon Patricia , Trzcinka Agnieszka , Strong Bradley D. , Bruno Christina A. , Junn Justin , Tseng Irene , Niziol Leslie M. , Musch David C. , Moroi Sayoko E.
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:

To study bleb morphology and positional intraocular pressure (IOP) change (IOP supine to IOP sitting).

Patients and Methods:

In this observational case series, blebs were graded for height, extent, vascularity, microcysts, and “ring of steel.” Positional IOP change was analyzed using the paired
t
test. Associations between IOP change and bleb morphologies were evaluated by regression adjusting for inter-eye dependency.

Results:

Ninety-five eyes of 68 subjects were included. Decreased bleb height (
P
= .05), absence of microcysts (
P
= .02), and increased bleb vascularity (
P
= .02) were associated with larger positional IOP change. Twenty patients with a filter in one eye and a medically treated fellow eye had larger positional IOP change in the medically treated eye (6.1 vs 4.6 mm Hg, respectively;
P
= .01).

Conclusion:

Successful filtration surgery results in both lower IOP and less positional IOP change compared with medically treated eyes. Bleb features associated with smaller positional IOP change include higher elevation, microcysts, and less vascularity.
Time Travel
Authors: Lopez Ruth Palan , Amella Elaine J.
Published: August 2010

A major concern facing family members of people with advanced dementia is deciding how to provide food and water. Nurses play a significant role in supporting mealtimes, yet little is known about the meaning of mealtime for family caregivers of people with dementia. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experience of providing feeding assistance to a family member with dementia from the perspective of community and nursing home family caregivers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 family caregivers of individuals with advanced dementia. Analysis revealed that the experience was likened to living in a time warp whereby family caregivers were propelled from pleasant memories of the past, to the stark reality of the present, to a foreboding and uncertain future. Findings can guide nurses to dialogue with family members and to ensure that the full spectrum of mealtime is preserved.
The Structure of the Unit Group of the Group Algebra
Authors: Creedon Leo , Gildea Joe
Published: August 2010

LetRGdenote the group ring of the groupGover the ringR. Using an isomorphism betweenRGand a certain ring ofn×nmatrices in conjunction with other techniques, the structure of the unit group of the group algebra of the dihedral group of order 8 over any finite field of chracteristic 2 is determined in terms of split extensions of cyclic groups.
On the Norm of the Beurling–Ahlfors Operator in Several Dimensions
Authors: Hytönen Tuomas P.
Published: August 2010

The generalized Beurling–Ahlfors operator S on Lp(ℝn; Λ), where Λ := Λ(ℝn) is the exterior algebra with its natural Hilbert space norm, satisfies the estimate

This improves on earlier results in all dimensions n ≥ 3. The proof is based on the heat extension and relies at the bottom on Burkholder's sharp inequality for martingale transforms.
Change Management – Recommendations for Successful Electronic Medical Records Implementation
Authors: Shoolin J.S.
Published: August 2010

Change is difficult and managing change even more so. With the advent of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) and the difficulty of its acceptance, understanding physician’s attitudes and the psychology of change management is imperative. While many authors describe change management theories, one comes nearest to describing this particularly difficult transition. In 1969, Elizabeth Kübler-Ross wrote her seminal treatise, On Death and Dying, detailing the psychological changes terminally ill patients undergo. Her grieving model is a template to examine the impact of change. By following a physician through the EMR maze, understanding the difficulties he/she perceives and developing a plan other change agents are able to use, the paper gives practical recommendations to EMR change management.
EUCAARI ion spectrometer measurements at 12 European sites – analysis of new particle formation events
Authors: Manninen H. E. , Nieminen T. , Asmi E. , Gagné S. , Häkkinen S. , Lehtipalo K. , Aalto P. , Vana M. , Mirme A. , Mirme S. , Hõrrak U. , Plass-Dülmer C. , Stange G. , Kiss G. , Hoffer A. , Törő N. , Moerman M. , Henzing B. , de Leeuw G. , Brinkenberg M. , Kouvarakis G. N. , Bougiatioti A. , Mihalopoulos N. , O'Dowd C. , Ceburnis D. , Arneth A. , Svenningsson B. , Swietlicki E. , Tarozzi L. , Decesari S. , Facchini M. C. , Birmili W. , Sonntag A. , Wiedensohler A. , Boulon J. , Sellegri K. , Laj P. , Gysel M. , Bukowiecki N. , Weingartner E. , Wehrle G. , Laaksonen A. , Hamed A. , Joutsensaari J. , Petäjä T. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kulmala M.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. We present comprehensive results on continuous atmospheric cluster and particle measurements in the size range ~1–42 nm within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) project. We focused on characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of new particle formation events and relevant particle formation parameters across Europe. Different types of air ion and cluster mobility spectrometers were deployed at 12 field sites across Europe from March 2008 to May 2009. The measurements were conducted in a wide variety of environments, including coastal and continental locations as well as sites at different altitudes (both in the boundary layer and the free troposphere). New particle formation events were detected at all of the 12 field sites during the year-long measurement period. From the data, nucleation and growth rates of newly formed particles were determined for each environment. In a case of parallel ion and neutral cluster measurements, we could also estimate the relative contribution of ion-induced and neutral nucleation to the total particle formation. The formation rates of charged particles at 2 nm accounted for 1–30% of the corresponding total particle formation rates. As a significant new result, we found out that the total particle formation rate varied much more between the different sites than the formation rate of charged particles. This work presents, so far, the most comprehensive effort to experimentally characterize nucleation and growth of atmospheric molecular clusters and nanoparticles at ground-based observation sites on a continental scale.
Fast and simple model for atmospheric radiative transfer
Authors: Seidel F. C. , Kokhanovsky A. A. , Schaepman M. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Radiative transfer models (RTMs) are of utmost importance for quantitative remote sensing, especially for compensating atmospheric perturbation. A persistent trade-off exists between approaches that prefer accuracy at the cost of computational complexity, versus those favouring simplicity at the cost of reduced accuracy. We propose an approach in the latter category, using analytical equations, parameterizations and a correction factor to efficiently estimate the effect of molecular multiple scattering. We discuss the approximations together with an analysis of the resulting performance and accuracy. The proposed Simple Model for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SMART) decreases the calculation time by a factor of more than 25 in comparison to the benchmark RTM 6S on the same infrastructure. The relative difference between SMART and 6S is about 5% for spaceborne and about 10% for airborne computations of the atmospheric reflectance function. The combination of a large solar zenith angle (SZA) with high aerosol optical depth (AOD) at low wavelengths lead to relative differences of up to 15%. SMART can be used to simulate the hemispherical conical reflectance factor (HCRF) for spaceborne and airborne sensors, as well as for the retrieval of columnar AOD.
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources in the Rio Grande Basin, Brazil
Authors: Nóbrega M. T. , Collischonn W. , Tucci C. E. M. , Paz A. R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. We quantify uncertainty in the impacts of climate change on the discharge of the Rio Grande, a major tributary of the River Paraná in South America and one of the most important basins in Brazil for water supply and hydro-electric power generation. We consider uncertainty in climate projections associated with the SRES (greenhouse-gas) emission scenarios (A1b, A2, B1, B2) and increases in global mean air temperature of 1 to 6 °C for the HadCM3 GCM as well as uncertainties related to GCM structure. For the latter, multimodel runs using 6 GCMs (CCCMA CGCM31, CSIRO Mk30, IPSL CM4, MPI ECHAM5, NCAR CCSM30, UKMO HadGEM1) and HadCM3 as baseline, for a + 2 °C increase in global mean temperature. Pattern-scaled GCM-outputs are applied to a large-scale hydrological model (MGB-IPH) of the Rio Grande Basin. Based on simulations using HadCM3, mean annual river discharge increases, relative to the baseline period (1961–1990), by + 5% to + 10% under the SRES emissions scenarios and from + 8% to + 51% with prescribed increases in global mean air temperature of between 1 and 6 °C. Substantial uncertainty in projected changes to mean river discharge (− 28% to + 13%) under the 2 °C warming scenario is, however, associated with the choice of GCM. We conclude that, in the case of the Rio Grande Basin, the most important source of uncertainty derives from the GCM rather than the emission scenario or the magnitude of rise in mean global temperature.
Mapping daily evapotranspiration and dryness index in the East African highlands using MODIS and SEVIRI data
Authors: Sun Z. , Gebremichael M. , de Bruin H. A. R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Routine information on regional evapotranspiration (ET) and dryness index is essential for agricultural water management, drought monitoring, and studies of water cycle and climate. However, this information is not currently available for the East Africa highlands. The main purpose of this study is to develop (1) a new methodology that produces spatially gridded daily ET estimates on a (near) real-time basis exclusively from satellite data, and (2) a new dryness index that depends only on satellite data and weather forecast data. The methodology that calculates daily actual ET involves combining data from two sensors (MODIS and SEVIRI) onboard two kinds of platforms (Terra/Aqua – polar orbit satellite and MSG – geostationary orbit satellite). The methodology is applied to the East African highlands, and results are compared to eddy covariance measurements at one site. Results show that the methodology produces ET estimates that have high skills in reproducing the daily fluctuation in ET but tends to underestimate ET on the average. It is concluded that the synergistic use of the polar-orbiting MODIS data and the geostationary-orbiting SEVIRI data has potential to produce reliable daily ET, but further research is needed to improve the accuracy of the results. This study also proposes an operational new dryness index that can be calculated from the satellite-based actual daily ET estimates and reference daily ET estimates based on SEVIRI data and weather forecast air temperature. Comparison of this index against ground measurements of actual daily ET at one site indicates that the new dryness index is operational for drought monitoring.
Water resource monitoring systems and the role of satellite observations
Authors: van Dijk A. I. J. M. , Renzullo L. J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Spatial water resource monitoring systems (SWRMS) can provide valuable information in support of water management, but current operational systems are few and provide only a subset of the information required. Necessary innovations include the explicit description of water redistribution and water use from river and groundwater systems, achieving greater spatial detail (particularly in key features such as irrigated areas and wetlands), and improving accuracy as assessed against hydrometric observations, as well as assimilating those observations. The Australian water resources assessment (AWRA) system aims to achieve this by coupling landscape models with models describing surface water and groundwater dynamics and water use. A review of operational and research applications demonstrates that satellite observations can improve accuracy and spatial detail in hydrological model estimation. All operational systems use dynamic forcing, land cover classifications and a priori parameterisation of vegetation dynamics that are partially or wholly derived from remote sensing. Satellite observations are used to varying degrees in model evaluation and data assimilation. The utility of satellite observations through data assimilation can vary as a function of dominant hydrological processes. Opportunities for improvement are identified, including the development of more accurate and higher spatial and temporal resolution precipitation products, and the use of a greater range of remote sensing products in a priori model parameter estimation, model evaluation and data assimilation. Operational challenges include the continuity of research satellite missions and data services, and the need to find computationally-efficient data assimilation techniques. The successful use of observations critically depends on the availability of detailed information on observational error and understanding of the relationship between remotely-sensed and model variables, as affected by conceptual discrepancies and spatial and temporal scaling.
Public assessment of the usefulness of "draft" tsunami evacuation maps from Sydney, Australia – implications for the establishment of formal evacuation plans
Authors: Dall'Osso F. , Dominey-Howes D.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Australia is at risk from tsunamis and recent work has identified the need for models to assess the vulnerability of exposed coastal areas – a fundamental element of the risk management process. Outputs of vulnerability assessment can be used as a baseline for the generation of tsunami prevention and mitigation measures, including evacuation maps. Having noted that no evacuation maps exist for Manly, Sydney (an area recently subjected to high resolution building vulnerability assessment by Dall'Osso et al., 2009b), we use the results of the analysis by Dall'Osso et al. (2009b) to "draft" tsunami evacuation maps that could be used by the local emergency service organisations. We then interviewed 500 permanent residents of Manly in order to gain a rapid assessment on their views about the potential usefulness of the draft evacuation maps we generated. Results of the survey indicate that residents think the maps are useful and understandable, and include insights that should be considered by local government planners and emergency risk management specialists during the development of official evacuation maps (and plans) in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Sr0.2Ca2.8Tl2O6.
Authors: RUCK K. , BORRMANN H. , SIMON A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Li(PF6) and Li(AsF6): Crystal Chemistry of Compounds A(E(V)F6).
Authors: ROEHR C. , KNIEP R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the Borate Li14Be5B(BO3)9.
Authors: LUCE J. L. , SCHAFFERS K. I. , KESZLER D. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Modification of Tetraselenium Tetranitride, Se4N4.
Authors: FOLKERTS H. , NEUMUELLER B. , DEHNICKE K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Rb2Sn3S7 × 2 H2O and Rb4Sn2Se6.
Authors: SHELDRICK W. S. , SCHAAF B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of (PPh4)2(TeS3)×2 CH3CN and ( PPh4)2(Te(S5)2).
Authors: BUBENHEIM W. , FRENZEN G. , MUELLER U.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Copper Cobalt Borate Oxide with Isolated B2O5 Units: Cu2Co(B2O5) O.
Authors: SCHAEFER J. , BLUHM K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Electron Microscopic Investigation of UNb6O16 ‐ A New Niobium‐Rich Phase in the System U/Nb/O.
Authors: BUSCH J. , HOFFMANN G. , GRUEHN R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Properties of Pure Vanadium Phosphate Phases and of VPO Catalysts Used in the Partial Oxidation of n‐Butane to Maleic Anhydride.
Authors: ROUVET F. , HERRMANN J.‐M. , VOLTA J.‐C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio Sol‐Gel Process for the Synthesis of Titanium Disulfide.
Authors: SRIRAM M. A. , KUMTA P. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogen Exchange at Re3‐Clusters: A New Synthetic Route to Binary and Ternary Rhenium(III) Bromides. Crystal Structures of Cs2(Re3Br11) and Cs3(Re3Br3Cl9).
Authors: JUNG B. , MEYER G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Oxocuprate/Arsenate Containing Mixed Valent Copper: Cu(Mg2. 56Cu0.44)Cu(AsO4)3.
Authors: OSTERLOH D. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Heptamolybdate(VI) (Paramolybdate) (NH3)3(Pd( NH3)4)3Mo7O24.
Authors: LALIGANT Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of Alkali‐Alkaline Earth‐Precious Metal Perovskites. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NaBa4Cu0,5Pt1,5O8.
Authors: TAMS G. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of p‐Toluidine. A Precessing Rotor Model for G12 Molecules.
Authors: TAN X.‐Q. , PRATT D. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Transition Probability Measurement of Valence‐Shell Electronic Structure of CF4 and CCl4: Bethe Surfaces, and Dipole‐ Dominated Preionization‐Edge Valence and Rydberg States.
Authors: YING J. F. , LEUNG K. T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Variable‐Field Study of 13C, 35,37Cl Residual Dipolar Coupling in the 13C CPMAS NMR Spectra of Pyrazole Derivatives (I) and (II).
Authors: OLIVIERI A. C. , ELGUERO J. , SOBRADOS I. , CABILDO P. , CLARAMUNT R. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of Bichalcophenes
Authors: NOVAK I. , NG S. C. , CHUA Y. T. , MOK C. Y. , HUANG H. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of Protonated Diamines and Polyamines.
Authors: KARPAS Z. , BELL S. E. , WANG Y.‐F. , WALSH M. , EICEMAN G. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Pipecolic Acid Using Partially‐Purified Lipase from Aspergillus niger.
Authors: NG‐YOUN‐CHEN M. C. , SERREQI A. N. , HUAN Q. , KAZLAUSKAS R. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions with Chiral 1‐( Alkylsulfinyl)‐2‐nitroalkenes.
Authors: FUJI K. , TANAKA K. , ABE H. , MATSUMOTO K. , HARAYAMA T. , IKEDA A. , TAGA T. , MIWA Y. , NODE M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocomplementary Resolution of 2‐Phenylthio‐2‐cyclopentenol and 2‐ Phenylthio‐2‐cyclohexenol Using the Same Lipase.
Authors: TAKANO S. , YAMADA O. , IIDA H. , OGASAWARA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Reduction‐Wittig Olefination of Methyl Pyroglutamate: Chiral Syntheses of (5S)‐5‐Alkenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinones and (S)‐VigabatrinR.
Authors: WEI Z. Y. , KNAUS E. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Z‐α,β‐Didehydro Amino Aldehydes with Ethyl Diethylphosphonoacetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: NAKAMURA Y. , SHIN C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Cyano‐β‐fluoro‐α‐hydroxy Esters, e.g. ( II), (IV).
Authors: AMMADI F. , CHAABOUNI M. M. , AMRI H. , BAKLOUTI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.