bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCHOOL EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN IN A NEW STAGE OF DEVELOPMENТ
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy Tashkent State University of Economics Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khakimov Nazar Kh. , Kadyrov Najmidin N. ,   Candidate of History Tashkent State University of Economics Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Sadikov Anvar K. ,   Doctor of Philosophy Tashkent State University of Economics Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Jamalova Gulnora G. ,   PhD Tashkent State University of Economics Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2022

The authors of the article investigated the innovative aspects of reforming school education in the context of a new stage in the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article emphasizes the role of school education in the successful implementation of democratic reforms and the development of civil society. The authors of the article made an attempt to reveal the mission of school education in society, the tasks of secondary schools, in the upbringing of the younger generation and the importance of the activities of teachers in the process of modernization of education. The formation and development of private schools and the increase in the number of specialized schools, where individual subjects are studied according to an in-depth program, has become a form of an innovative approach in the process of improving lifelong education and teaching children.
Differential beta desynchronisation responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions are attenuated in higher trait anxiety and autism
Authors: Charidza Chengetai Alice , Gillmeister Helge
Published: June 2022

Daily life demands that we differentiate between a multitude of emotional facial expressions (EFEs). The mirror neuron system (MNS) is becoming increasingly implicated as a neural network involved with understanding emotional body expressions. However, the specificity of the MNS’s involvement in emotion recognition has remained largely unexplored. This study investigated whether six basic dynamic EFEs (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) would be differentiated through event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillatory activity, which indexes sensorimotor MNS activity. We found that beta ERD differentiated happy, fearful, and sad dynamic EFEs at the central region of interest, but not at occipital regions. Happy EFEs elicited significantly greater central beta ERD relative to fearful and sad EFEs within 800 - 2,000 ms after EFE onset. These differences were source-localised to the primary somatosensory cortex, which suggests they are likely to reflect differential sensorimotor simulation rather than differential attentional engagement. Furthermore, individuals with higher trait anxiety showed less beta ERD differentiation between happy and sad faces. Similarly, individuals with higher trait autism showed less beta ERD differentiation between happy and fearful faces. These findings suggest that the differential simulation of specific affective states is attenuated in individuals with higher trait anxiety and autism. In summary, the MNS appears to support the skills needed for emotion processing in daily life, which may be influenced by certain individual differences. This provides novel evidence for the notion that simulation-based emotional skills may underlie the emotional difficulties that accompany affective disorders, such as anxiety.
Challenges of 21st Century Micro-Credit Firms: Debt Recovery and Clients Attitude to Repayment
Authors: Salako Mudashiru Abiodun , Ogundipe Kayode Samuel , Oni Kazeem Adebisi , Babalola Bola Taiwo
Published: June 2022

The dual-faced challenge of micro financing has become worrisome among key players in the sector; while microcredit firms are faced with issues relating to debt recovery resulting from clients’ poor attitude towards repayment, clients are faced with the challenge of managing the credit. This study is however aimed at evaluating how firm skill is and structure can enhance debt recovery as well as establish the extent to which attitudinal disposition affect credit repayment by clients. It employed a survey of 40 credit officers drawn from 10 selected micro credit firms in Abeokuta metropolis who were purposively selected as well as random selection of 300 clients who obtain microcredit from the microcredit firms. The questionnaires were adapted from ASPIC Adjusted debt attitude survey and John Watson Materialism and Debt constructs. The analytical technique is multiple regressions. Research findings reveal that skills and structure have a direct effect on debt recovery and attitude disposition of client has a direct effect on credit repayment. It is therefore recommended that microcredit firms should investigate and monitor what the micro credit is meant for and if possible help the borrower in procuring the items/goods the credit is meant for as well as provide useful guide to borrowers on better ways to turnover proceeds from loan instead of diverting the loan
Effect of Board Size and Board Composition on Organizational Performance of Selected Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Usendok Isidore Godwin , Akpan Aaron , Ekpe Akpanim N.
Published: June 2022

The corporate collapses and failures experienced in the banking industry amid the organizational performance have been a major concern. The study aimed at ascertaining the performances of banks and determining the effect of board size, board composition and organizational performance of selected banks in Nigeria. The methodology adopted was combination of both descriptive design and ex-post facto research. A sample of 6 deposit money banks was purposively selected for a period of 6 years. The data were obtained from the annual reports of the selected deposit money banks. Both descriptive statistics and ratio analysis were used to analyze collated data. Hypotheses were tested by multiple regression and Pearson product moment correlation methods. The finding of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between Board Composition with performance of selected Banks, while Board Size showed negative significant relationship with performance of selected Banks respectively. The study concluded with recommendations that Corporate Governance Mechanism and Code of Best practices contributed a good deal to the performance of Banks – that the managers of Selected Banks should adopt Corporate Governance principle and best practices as integral parts of managing banks for both effective and efficient service delivering, thus striking a balance between organization’s objective and the stakeholder’s interest.
A Qualitative Study of Perceptions and Attitudes of Counselor Trainees and Other Health Professionals about Including Counselors on Integrated Care Teams
Authors: Dice Tammi F. , Dice Tony , Rehfuss Mark C.
Published: June 2022

Integrated healthcare facilities include medical and behavioral health services to meet the holistic needs of patients, particularly for those who are underserved. To maximize collaboration, professionals must be trained for their roles in integrated care, yet many counselor education programs are still not preparing trainees for this role. This article describes an integrated healthcare clinic and explores the role of counseling in the integrated care provided to patients through analysis of the perceptions and attitudes of counselor trainees and other health professionals at the clinic. Results indicate that counselors provide a valuable contribution to the integrated care team, however, expanded training to incorporate additional skills is needed to maximize success in these settings.
An Empirical Analysis of Administrative Scale Economies in Victorian Local Government
Authors: Tran Carolyn-Thi Thanh Dung , Dollery Brian
Published: June 2022

A voluminous literature has empirically examined scale economies in local government functions, particularly in local urban transportation, water and wastewater provision. Conversely, little work has focused on the empirical investigation of economies of scale in municipal administration, including in Australian local government. In order to address this gap in the empirical literature, in this paper we examine administrative scale economies and task density in the Victorian (VIC) local government system for the period 2014/15 to 2018/19 using a data panel. Our findings reveal no administrative scale economies in VIC local government. By contrast, task density is a key determinant of administrative intensity. We conclude by canvassing some public policy implications of our findings.
СВЧ-установка для термообработки деформационных швов жестких аэродромных покрытий
Authors: Недоносков Александр , Дорняк Ольга
Published: June 2022

Одним из основных видов дефектов аэродромных покрытий является разрушение деформационных швов. Данный дефект часто обусловлен ошибками при строительстве покрытий, когда нарушается технология герметизации швов. Кроме того, интенсивное механическое воздействие пневматиков колес опор шасси самолетов на элементы покрытия, особенно на старто-финишных участках взлетно-посадочной полосы (ВПП), также ведет к нарушению целостности деформационных швов. Известно, что на практике нарушение целостности герметика в деформационных швах происходит намного раньше нормативного срока службы. Применяемая традиционная технология ремонта аэродромных покрытий не предусматривает проведение каких-либо профилактических работ для восстановления герметизирующих свойств швов, включает в себя множество длительных технологических операций и является весьма затратной. Поэтому поиск новых технологий ремонта, направленных на поддержание и восстановление первоначальных эксплуатационных качеств и обеспечение постоянной эксплуатационной готовности летных полей аэродромов, является актуальной задачей. В данной работе рассматривается конструкция СВЧ-устройства для восстановления эксплуатационных свойств деформационных швов и описывается технология его применения.
HST STIS Observations of ζ Aurigae A's Irradiated Atmosphere
Authors: Harper Graham M. , Bennett Philip D. , Brown Alexander , Ayres Thomas R. , Ohnaka Keiichi , Griffin Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

The details of the processes responsible for heating the chromospheres of evolved cool stars remain uncertain. While most spectroscopic diagnostics measure spatially-integrated emission, here we examine diagnostics sensitive to localized atmospheric regions that are specific to cool evolved stars in binary systems with hot main-sequence companions: emission from Si i and C i resulting from the ultraviolet irradiation of the evolved star’s atmosphere. HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) high-spectral-resolution near-ultraviolet observations of ζ Aurigae A+B (K4 Ib + B5 V) were obtained at three orbital phases, including total eclipse, to search for Si i and the corresponding C i line emission. Si i 2987.645 Å emission was detected at phases ϕ = .101 and .448 (from periastron) in-line with predictions from a previous study of optical Si i 3905 Å and Si i 4102 Å emission lines. No other Si i line emission is apparent, and the analogous C i lines at 2478.561 Å and 2582.901 Å also are not detected. High-spectral-resolution HST STIS and Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph spectra confirm the results of a previous study that showed that the intrinsic chromospheric fluxes on the visible hemisphere of ζ Aur A, observed during total eclipse, are representative of the single K supergiant λ Vel (K4 Ib). Furthermore, the HST spectra show that the chromospheric turbulent velocities are very close to those in this spectral-type proxy. These combined results highlight the importance of detailed spatially-resolved chromospheric models of ζ Aur systems, based on sequences of atmospheric eclipse spectra, to help constrain the poorly understood mechanisms that heat the atmospheres and drive stellar winds in cool evolved stars.
Y Gem: A White Dwarf Symbiotic Star?
Authors: Yu Zhuo-li , Xu Xiao-jie , Shao Yong , Wang Q. Daniel , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: June 2022

In this work we conduct a thorough investigation of the X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) properties of Y Gem based on six archival XMM-Newton and Chandra observations to explore the nature of the system. The results show that Y Gem has strong (1032–34 erg s−1) X-ray emission, including a hard (with a maximum emission temperature of 8–16 keV) and a soft (with emission temperatures of 0.02–0.2 and 0.2–0.9 keV) component. The integrated UV luminosity of Y Gem reaches ∼1035 erg s−1. We show that the previous asymptotic giant branch-main-sequence (AGB-MS) Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) scenario is dynamically unstable and can hardly explain the ∼10 keV X-ray emission temperature. We propose Y Gem as a symbiotic star, where a white dwarf (WD) accretes from its AGB companion based on its X-ray and UV properties. We make numerical simulations to examine the evolutionary history of this system. The simulations can produce the observed properties of Y Gem in the wind WRLOF scenario. An ∼0.8M
⊙ WD with a ∼1.0–1.8M
⊙ companion in a ∼2000–32,000 day initial orbit may evolve to a Y Gem-like system. Our finding implies a potential population of symbiotic stars that may have been misclassified as AGB-MS binaries. What is more, their high mass accretion rates may enable mass accumulation to the WD and makes them candidates of Type Ia supernovae progenitors.
Determining the Spectral Content of MOSES Images
Authors: Parker Jacob D. , Kankelborg Charles C.
Published: June 2022

The Multi-Order Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph (MOSES) sounding rocket was launched from White Sands Missile Range on 2006 February 8th, to capture images of the Sun in the He ii 303.8 Å emission line. MOSES is a slitless spectrograph that forms images in multiple spectral orders simultaneously using a concave diffraction grating in an effort to measure line profiles over a wide field of view from a single exposure. Early work on MOSES data showed evidence of solar features composed of neither He ii 303.8 Å nor the nearby Si xi 303.3 Å spectral lines. We have built a forward model that uses cotemporal EIT images and the Chianti atomic database to fit synthetic images with known spectra to the MOSES data in order to quantify this additional spectral content. Our fit reveals a host of dim lines that alone are insignificant but combined contribute a comparable intensity to MOSES images as Si xi 303.3 Å. In total, lines other than He ii 303.8 Å and Si xi 303.3 Å contribute approximately 10% of the total intensity in the MOSES zero order image. This additional content, if not properly accounted for, could significantly impact the analysis of MOSES and similar slitless spectrograph data, especially those using a zero-order (undispersed) image. More broadly, this serves as a reminder that multilayer EUV imagers are sensitive to a host of weak contaminant lines.
EstrellaNueva: An Open-source Software to Study the Interactions and Detection of Neutrinos Emitted by Supernovae
Authors: González-Reina O. I. , Rumleskie J. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E.
Published: June 2022

Supernovae emit large fluxes of neutrinos, which can be detected by detectors on Earth. Future multi-kiloton scale detectors will be sensitive to several neutrino interaction channels, with thousands of events expected if a supernova emerges in the galaxy neighborhood. There are a limited number of tools to study the interaction rates of supernova neutrinos, although a plethora of available supernova models exist. EstrellaNueva is an open-source software to calculate expected rates of supernova neutrinos in detectors using target materials with typical compositions, and additional compositions can be easily added. This software considers the flavor transformation of neutrinos in the supernova through the adiabatic Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect, and their interaction in detectors through several channels. Most of the interaction cross sections, such as neutrino–electron and neutrino–proton elastic scattering, inverse beta decay, and coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering, have been analytically implemented. This software provides a link between supernova simulations and the expected events in detectors by calculating fluences and event rates in order to ease any comparison between theory and observation. It provides a simple and standalone tool to explore many physics scenarios, offering an option to add analytical cross sections and define any target material.
Proliferation protection of uranium due to the presence of U-232 decay products as intense sources of hard gamma radiation
Authors: Kulikov Gennady G. , Shmelev Anatoly N. , Apse Vladimir A. , Kulikov Evgeny G.
Published: June 2022

The objectives of the article are (1) to show the nuclear and physical causes of hard γ-quanta in the U-232 decay chain, (2) to propose tactics for handling uranium containing U-232, and (3) to assess the efficiency of its protective γ-barrier against uncontrolled proliferation.

The authors show the general picture of the decay chains of U-232 nuclide transformations, on which the protection of uranium from its uncontrolled proliferation is based. During the decay of nuclei, their emission of α- or β-particles is only the first stage of the most complex process of rearrangement of both the internal structure of the nucleus itself, which consists in the rearrangement of the neutron and proton shells and the levels of its excitation, and in the rearrangement of the electron shells of the atom. As a rule, the daughter nucleus is in a highly excited state, which is removed by the emission of hard γ-quanta and internal conversion electrons. After the second case, the remaining excitation of the atom is removed by the emission of characteristic γ-quanta and Auger-electrons with characteristic γ-quanta.

In addition, explanations are given for the quantum-mechanical reasons for the hard γ-radiation of Tl-208 and Bi-212, which complete the U-232 decay chain.

The authors also proposed a tactic for handling uranium containing uranium-232. Since the hard γ-quanta of Tl-208 and Bi-212 appear only at the end of the U-232 decay chain, after its chemical purification from its decay products, U-232 itself does not pose a radiation hazard; therefore, at this time it is advisable to conduct all necessary operations for transporting the material to the plant, fabricating uranium-based fuel containing U-232, and transporting this fuel to the nuclear facility where it will be used.
Retour sur soixante ans de pensée du développement en actes en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Courade Georges
Published: June 2022

Le développement - pensé et pratiqué - en Afrique constitua un bouillon de culture pour développeurs et développés pendant six décennies, lors des tentatives de rattrapage voire de déconnexion ou lors de la mondialisation récente. Tous les secteurs et acteurs y furent assujettis. Engagements, développement parachuté ou essais de participation ont débouché sur la débrouille ou les start-up portant les pays de la « bonne gouvernance » vers l’émergence. Si elle sut prendre le pouls du malade, la recherche peina à donner le la pour la marche vers le développement, si bien qu’elle revint à ses fondamentaux disciplinaires. Cela constitue-t-il une opportunité pour l’Afrique de devenir un laboratoire vivant ?
Liberté, autonomie, liberté… fantasme ou réalité ?
Authors: Zielinski Agata
Published: June 2022

À travers les différents aspects de la liberté — l’autonomie, l’autodétermination, la créativité, la liberté existentielle —, nous faisons l’expérience d’un certain nombre de limites. Il est intéressant de penser ensemble la liberté et les limites dont nous faisons l’expérience dans l’exercice de notre liberté. En effet, je ne sais pas toujours ce que je veux ; je veux une chose et son contraire ; je ne peux pas toujours faire ce que je veux. Il est important de laisser une place aux ambivalences et à l’interdépendance.
Periodic solutions in distribution of stochastic lattice differential equations
Authors: Zhou Xinping , Li Yong , Jiang Xiaomeng
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider stochastic lattice differential equations (SLDEs). Firstly, we discuss the well-posedness of solutions for SLDEs. Then, via upper and lower solutions, we obtain a pair of monotone sequences starting at them respectively, and we prove the existence of periodic solutions in distribution.
Partidos spin-off, partidos nicho y derecha radical: El caso de Vox en España
Authors: Garrido Rubia Antonio , Martínez Rodríguez M. Antonia , Mora-Rodríguez Alberto
Published: June 2022

Los estudios publicados sobre VOX se han centrado en el análisis del perfil de sus votantes, la lógica de su ideología y sus relaciones con la derecha radical. El presente trabajo pretende ser una aportación al estudio de este partido analizando sus diferencias con los partidos nicho, característicos de la derecha radical europea. Con este fin, el estudio desarrolla la categoría analítica de los partidos spin-off, su origen, su tipo de liderazgo y su estrategia de múltiples issues en lugar de un solo issue, como los partidos nicho. Asimismo, desarrolla el análisis de la porosidad y trasvase de líderes y votantes entre VOX y sus competidores, especialmente el PP, así como la estrategia de contención de los partidos mainstream para hacer frente al éxito electoral del partido spin-off.
Comparison of Structures Used to Estimate Age and Growth of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Quist Michael C. , McCarrick Darcy K. , Harris Lynsey M.
Published: June 2022

Understanding age and growth of fishes is critical for making meaningful management decisions. Obtaining useful information is dependent on using the best structure (e.g., scale, otolith). The objective of this study was to evaluate precision and reader confidence in age estimates from sagittal otoliths (i.e., whole, sectioned) and scales for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri collected from Henrys Lake, Idaho. We also sought to compare growth estimates among structures sampled during annual gill net surveys in May 2019 and 2020. We removed sagittal otoliths and scales from 416 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout. Two readers without prior knowledge of fish length independently aged scales, whole otoliths, and sectioned otoliths. Each reader also provided a confidence rating of 0 (not confident) to 3 (completely confident). Percent exact agreement between readers was highest for sectioned otoliths (85.3%), followed by scales (68.5%) and whole otoliths (66.1%). Average confidence rating was highest for sectioned (mean ± SD = 2.2 ± 0.6) and whole (1.4 ± 0.5) otoliths and lowest for scales (1.0 ± 0.2). Among structures, percent exact agreement (i.e., consensus age) was highest between whole and sectioned otoliths (66.7%), followed by scales and sectioned otoliths (58.9%). Exact agreement was lowest between scales and whole otoliths (51.2%). Differences in back-calculated length at age estimates between sectioned otoliths and scales were minimal, particularly for ages 1–4. Although sectioned otoliths required more time to prepare than scales or whole otoliths, sectioned otoliths produced the most precise age estimates for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, with the highest reader confidence.
Smart Healthcare and Digitalization
Authors: Mahajan Navita , Garg Seema , Pandita Shreyas , Sehgal Geetansh
Published: June 2022

The study focuses on some technological cyber security challenges that are prevailing. It covers the technologies that are used in healthcare and how digitalization has given a new regime to it. The challenges from the perspective of cybersecurity that are poised to digitalized healthcare have been covered in the study as cyber threats and security vulnerabilities can jeopardize patient protected health information and distract healthcare professionals. At the end, the study covered solutions to handle the technical and cyber-related problems, which can be considered one of the possible solutions.
A Study on the Perceptions of Internet Users With Respect to Information Sensitivity in Delhi
Authors: Choudhary Shivani , Sidana Neeru , Goel Richa
Published: June 2022

The study aims to examine internet users' perceptions of information sensitivity, as well as to assess individuals' privacy attitudes, experiences with privacy violations, and risk factors that can influence internet users' privacy concerns. The topic of whether the information is considered sensitive by an individual and what influences this perception of sensitivity emerges since each person perceives information sensitivity differently. This study used an online survey method to collect data utilizing a structured questionnaire, and 385 internet users of Delhi participated in the study to assess their perceived sensitivity through 39 different categories of data. The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of how online websites can construct their privacy policies without infringing on individuals' rights to privacy and additionally develop innovative communication strategies to educate customers about the importance of responsible data sharing on websites.
Application of Blockchain Technology in an IoT-Integrated Framework
Authors: Das Lipsa , Sharma Smita , Yadav Suman Avdhesh , Dadhich Khushi
Published: June 2022

The IoT is a current technology that has the ability to interconnect the embedded devices and merge the sensors and wireless networks to communicate and exchange data with one another via the internet. Building and automation, healthcare, monitoring, agriculture, etc. are applications of IoT. Currently, with the rapid increase of IoT applications, we created an environment for device-to-device interconnections, new business models, where these interconnected devices accumulate, process, and share the data with each other. Data integrity or ownership issues, cyber-attacks, single point of failure, etc. are some of the limitations of current IoT solutions. Blockchain technology or a distributed ledger technology has the potential to greatly enhance the security aspect, privacy, and reliability concern of the data. High efficiency, transparency, low cost, and no third-party interventions make this technology a one-stop solution for limitations to integrated IoT devices.
Edge Computing Enabled by 5G for Computing Offloading in the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Mani Vinodhini , C. Kavitha , P. Baby Shamini , Srividhya S. R.
Published: June 2022

Game theory and 5G data transferring structures are used to enhance data offloading of computational data. All such solutions not only reduce the load on the cloud by processing edge data and information but also play an important role in privacy and security by ensuring which data communication is locally translated into a network that directly connects the user equipment and then sends the local server to the network core of the organization. With a combination of 5G structure and game theory, we can comfortably handle data transmission, data security, and also system efficiency. The game theory approach with the dynamic computation offloading algorithm (DCOA) allows IIoT (industry internet of things) devices to make decisions spontaneously and reduce computational offloading while transferring data to the local server. The small range of 5G makes it possible to use a small cell network run by a central hub. As a result of its higher frequency, 5G follows a different wireless spectrum structure (N-RAM) and is enhanced by slicing the network.
Scheduling Optimization Based on Energy Prediction Using ARIMA Model in WSN
Authors: Chaturvedi Pooja , Daniel Ajai Kumar
Published: June 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted great attention because of their applicability in a variety of applications in day-to-day life such as structural monitoring, healthcare, surveillance, etc. Energy conservation is a challenging issue in the context of WSN as these networks are usually deployed in hazardous and remote applications where human intervention is not possible; hence, recharging or replacing the battery of sensor nodes is not feasible often. Apart from energy conservation, target coverage is also a major challenge. Scheduling the nodes to exist in active and sleep modes is an efficient mechanism to address the energy efficiency and coverage problem. The chapter proposes an ARIMA model-based energy consumption prediction approach such that the set cover scheduling may be optimized. The chapter compares the efficiency of several ARIMA-based models, and the results show that the ARIMA (0,1,2) model provides best results for the considered scenario in terms of energy consumption.
Emerging Challenges in Cyber Security
Authors: M. R. Pooja , H. L. Gururaj , Kumar Pavan S. P.
Published: June 2022

In today's world of digitization where individuals and organizations are connected by the internet, cybersecurity has become a major concern. Some of the most common challenges in cyber security that have evolved to a greater extent include cloud attacks, attacks from IoT, and hardware and software attacks along with the huge increase in phishing and ransomware attacks. With most of the organizations and companies using technological advancements for financial management, cryptocurrency and blockchain attacks also pose a major threat in daily activities. Being able to recognize the cyber security challenges, one must be able to secure themselves at both individual and organization levels. In this chapter, the authors deal with the continuously changing nature of cyber-attacks that has enhanced the difficulty of handling and avoiding emerging threats along with technological solutions that can address the concern. The techniques for demands of privacy and protection will also be discussed.
Recognizing User Portraits for Fraudulent Identification on Online Social Networks
Authors: Senthilkumar Sudha , S. Satha Sivam , K. Brindha
Published: June 2022

Online social networks (OSNs) are increasingly influencing the way people communicate with each other. Well known sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Google+ have millions of users across the globe. With the wide popularity there are lot of security and privacy threats to the users of online social networks (OSN) such as breach of privacy, viral marketing, structural attacks, malware attacks, and profile cloning. Social networks have permitted people to have their own virtual identities which they use to interact with other online users. It is also completely possible and not uncommon for a user to have more than one online profile or even a completely different anonymous online identity. Entity resolution (ER) is the task of matching two different online profiles potentially from social networks. Solving ER has an identification of fake profiles. The solution compares profiles based on similar attributes. The system was tasked with matching two profiles that were in a pool of extremely similar profiles.
Embracing Grammatical Diversity Among Multilingual Language Learners Across the Disciplines
Authors: Eckstein Grant
Published: June 2022

The increasing presence of multilingual writers in higher education, particularly in North American educational contexts, makes it difficult for educators to assume that all students write proficiently in standard edited English. Yet, educators still tend to expect students to produce English texts that are highly polished and error free without necessarily providing much instruction or support. This mismatch between reality and expectation is difficult for educators to resolve without sufficient training or expertise. The present chapter offers some guidance by describing various multilingual writers and their language variation and development. The authors then present common ideologies held by educators or proposed by theorists that can prevent multilingual writers from getting necessary language support. The chapter then proffers several suggestions for embracing grammatical diversity and supporting legitimate language development in order to better align teachers' expectations with the reality of grammatical diversity in high education.
(Not) Lost in Translation
Authors: DeCapua Sarah E.
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, the author described classroom activities designed to aid multilingual first-year writing (FYW) students' reading comprehension of assigned course texts. The author referred to these activities as “translation” because students engaged in two types of translation—literal and pedagogical—to rephrase challenging texts into sentence constructions and concepts with which they felt familiar, thus enhancing their ability to comprehend and respond to those texts. The activities were helpful to multilingual writers, who used their home language to access the words, phrases, and concepts of the target language. Further, the activities enabled students' agency over their understandings of and reactions to their course readings, which provided authority and authenticity to their writing. The classroom activities were explained in detail and include teacher/student dialogue to provide detailed context of the activities in real-time. The author provided the scholarly underpinnings of the activities and discussed their pedagogical implications in FYW and across the curriculum.
Linguistic Diversity in Freshman Composition Courses
Authors: Virgil Sharon M.
Published: June 2022

The author, a college Composition teacher, recognizes that we are living in an ever-changing world. Such change is reflected in colleges and universities around the world. No longer are our college campuses filled with predominantly English-speaking students. Our classrooms have become linguistically and culturally diverse. How do we accommodate this diversity, especially in our Freshman Composition classroom? With students ever-changing, how do we find a Composition text that can keep up with the ever-changing student. In this chapter, the author shares her story of how she changed what she did in her Composition classroom. She shares her student-centered-book-writing pedagogy, in which the students' texts as produced in her classroom over the course of the semester become ‘the text' for her Composition class. The author posits by using the students' texts as ‘the text' for the course, the material is always relevant, never stale or outdated, and is inclusive.
Culturally-Effective Responsive Teaching in English Language Learners' Literature Classes
Authors: Zaky Hany
Published: June 2022

Teaching literature has been regarded as crucial to the ability to use language. There has been an upsurge of interest in using literature in language learners' classrooms. In literacy classes, students bring their imagination, memories, thinking processes, morals, social values, historical knowledge, and prior knowledge to the text. They could extract meaning from texts as fully aware of the specificity of their cultural backgrounds and others through experiencing, exploring, hypothesizing, and synthesizing processes. The role of pedagogy drives the literary practice and leads to how knowledge is produced and how subject positions are constructed in historical, social, and political manners. This chapter raises some of the issues and debates related to using literature with language learners. It highlights some pedagogical strategies that could equip instructors with the tools to alleviate students' tension and elevate their human motives and psyches to make the learning constructive and dynamic.
Intrathecal dexmedetomidine attenuates mechanical allodynia through the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a mild traumatic brain injury rat model
Authors: Jeon Soeun , Baik Jiseok , Kim Jisu , Lee Jiyoon , Do Wangseok , Kim Eunsoo , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Kim Haekyu
Published: June 2022

Background: This study evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the cerebrospinal fluid (c-BDNF) and mechanical allodynia in a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model.Methods: After fixing the rat’s skull on a stereotactic frame under general anesthesia, craniotomy was performed. After impact, 10 µl of drug was injected into the cisterna magna (group S: sham, group D: dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg, group P: propofol 500 μg/kg, and group T: untreated TBI). The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold (50% MWT) and c-BDNF level were measured on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 7, and 14.Results: The 50% MWT measured on PODs 1, 7, and 14 was lower and the c-BDNF level on POD 1 was higher in group T than in group S. In group D, the c-BDNF level on POD 1 was lower than that in group T and was comparable with that in group S during the whole study period. The 50% MWT of group D was higher than that of group T throughout the postoperative period. In group P, there were no significant differences in the 50% MWT during the entire postoperative period compared with group T; the c-BDNF level was higher than that in group T on POD 1.Conclusions: Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine may attenuate TBI-induced mechanical allodynia for up to two weeks post-injury through immediate suppression of c-BDNF in mild TBI rats. The inhibition of c-BDNF expression in the acute phase reduced the occurrence of TBI-induced chronic neuropathic pain.
Efficacy of gabapentin for low back pain at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Subramanian Navaneetha Krishnan , Ramesh Chandra V V , Elumalai Karthikeyan , Palei Narahari N , Kusuma Tiruveedi , Prasad Vadlamuri Venkata , Phani Yellanti Bala Venkata Bhargav , Sai Mungara Yeshwanth , Battula Pradeep , Balaji Anna
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To assess the efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of low back pain patients.

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted over 6 months to assess the efficacy of gabapentin in patients suffering from low back pain. Past medical history, pain severity by Visual Analogue scale (VAS) and sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI) were collected. VAS scores and PQSI scores before and after gabapentin treatment were compared, and gabapentin satisfaction post treatment were recorded.

Results:

This study included 100 low back pain patients with 65 males and 35 females, and the mean age was (39.0±10.5) years. The commonest presentation was non-radiating low back pain (40%). The mean VAS score and the mean PQSI score in the study before treatment were 7.70±1.91 and 10.95±5.02, respectively. After treatment with gabapentin, the mean VAS score and the mean PQSI score decreased to 2.75±1.79 and 4.90±2.20, respectively, and the differences before and after the treatment were significantly different (both P=0.001). Overall, 62% of the patients were extremely satisfied with gabapentin because they reported no adverse drug reaction. Besides, 31% of the patients were satisfied and 7%were strongly dissatisfied with the therapy.

Conclusion:

Gabapentin can improve sleep quality and reduce lower back pain as measured by the VAS and PQSI. The efficacy of this drug is relatively good, but further improvement is required.
Lymphocyte count and A-DROP score in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Waikar Chandrakant , Gour Vinayak , Pranay Lal , Hingwe Sevras
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

To determine the correlation between lymphocyte count and A-DROP score in COVID-19 patients and their role in predicting poor outcomes.

Methods:

This retrospective observational single-center study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Vidisha district, India. COVID-19 patients were included in this study, who were admitted to ICU and the COVID Care Centre from August 2020 to October 2020. Demographic profile, clinical characteristics, medical history, A-DROP score, complete blood counts including lymphocyte counts (on admission), the severity of the disease course, and duration of hospitalization were collected. The correlation between lymphopenia and A-DROP score was determined, and their role in predicting poor outcomes was investigated.

Results:

This study included 220 patients, among which 134 were male, and 86 were female [mean age (48.98±16.98) years, 95% CI: 46.72-51.23]. Lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients negatively correlated with the A-DROP score (r=−0.67, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.892 (95% CI: 0.80-0.98, P<0.001) for the lymphocyte count, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84-1.00, P<0.001) for lymphocyte count-A-DROP.

Conclusion:

Lymphocyte count along with the A-DROP score on admission could be used to predict the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and unfavorable outcome.
Premedication with Diclofenac and Precurarization with Atracurium on Succinylcholine-Induced Myalgia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Tirkey Amit , Kumar Mukesh , Haque Ekramul , Kumar Tushar , Lakra Ladhu , Suwalka Usha
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

Succinylcholine is the only available depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that has been widely used in the induction of anesthesia, and it is the drug of choice for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia due to its rapid onset of effect and ultrashort duration of action owing to its rapid hydrolysis by acetyl-cholinesterase. Postoperative muscle pain (myalgia) and muscle stiffness are the most common side effects and are observed most frequently on the 1st postoperative day in ambulatory surgery. The use of succinylcholine in the induction of anesthesia and intubation in routine cases has been discouraged because of such adverse effects. However, because of its cost-effectiveness and easy availability, it is still used by some institutions routinely. This study aimed to study the efficacy of preoperative diclofenac along with atracurium precurarization in alleviating succinylcholine-induced myalgia.

Materials and Methods:

It is a double-blind randomized comparative study carried out in a tertiary care hospital. The study sample was 60 and divided into two equal groups. All data entered in MS-Excel Sheet and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were done for nonparametric data and one-way ANOVA for the parametric data. The normal distribution of the study sample was tested by the Shapiro − Wilk test.

Results:

The fasciculations in the test group were much less than in the control group with P < 0.00001. The results for the incidence of myalgia in the two groups were as follows: P value at 24 h was 0.00018 and at 48 h was 0.0028, respectively. Creatine kinase levels at preoperative and 24 h postoperative periods were 49.47 ± 7.24 in Group D, 53.30 ± 7.98 in Group B and 87.38 ± 15.16 in Group D, and 188.41 ± 33.27 in Group B, respectively.

Conclusion:

Succinylcholine-induced myalgia has a complex pathophysiology. However, the preemptive use of diclofenac in combination with precurarization can alleviate the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced myalgia. Therefore, its use may be considered in routine cases for induction of anesthesia for facilitating laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Pattern of Conventional Coagulation and Thromboelastographic Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Diseases and Association of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy with Mortality in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Balchandra Awale Rupali , Ghatak Tanmoy , Samanta Sukhen , Singh Ratender K. , Verma Anupam , Mishra Prabhakar , Chaudhary Rajendra , Nath Alok
Published: June 2022

Background:

Knowledge of underlying pathophysiology of coagulopathy is evolving and the pattern of coagulation parameters in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated diseases is still not very clear.

Aims:

In the present study, we aimed to find out the pattern and distribution of conventional coagulation parameters and thromboelastographic (TEG) parameters in COVID-19–associated coagulopathy (CAC) in survivors and nonsurvivors at 28 days.

Setting and Design:

The present prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) facility from March 21, 2020, to July 15, 2021.

Materials and Methods:

Admission clinical and laboratory data (conventional coagulation, inflammatory and TEG parameters, and disease severity parameters) of 64 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were collected. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e., survivors and nonsurvivors.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were compared between two groups, i.e., survivors versus no survivors on 28 days using Student's t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test.

Results:

Admission mean plasma fibrinogen levels (474.82 ± 167.41 mg.dL−1) and D-dimer were elevated (1.78 [0.66, 3.62] mg.mL−1) in the COVID-19 ICU patients. Overall, COVID-19 patients had mean lower normal platelet count (150 ± 50 × 103 cells.mm−3), with marginally elevated prothrombin time (16.25 ± 3.76 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time (38.22 ± 16.72 s). A 65.6% (42/64) TEG profile analysis showed a normal coagulation profile, and the rest 21.9% (14/64) and 12.5% (8/64) had hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states, respectively. Plasma D-dimer level was markedly elevated in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P < 0.05), while no other conventional coagulation parameters and TEG profile demonstrated statistically significant between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Markedly elevated plasma D-dimer level was observed in nonsurvivors of COVID-19 ICU patients. A large portion of COVID-19 ICU patients had a normal TEG profile. Conventional coagulation parameters and TEG profile were similar between survivors and nonsurvivors.
Preoperative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Subclavian Vein and Inferior Vena Cava for Predicting Hypotension Associated with Induction of General Anesthesia
Authors: Rose Nadia , Chandra Mahesh , Nishanth Chris C. , Srinivasan Rangalakshmi
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Induction of general anesthesia is often associated with hypotension and is a common scenario faced by anesthesiologists. Intraoperative hypotension can have detrimental effects and cause various adverse effects leading to an extended hospital stay. Patients' preinduction volume status can have an effect on postinduction blood pressure. Ultrasonography is a useful tool for measuring intravascular volume status. We studied the ability of ultrasonographic measurement of subclavian vein (SCV) and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, collapsibility index (CI) to predict hypotension after induction of general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

We included 120 patients in our study. SCV measurements during spontaneous and deep inspiration and IVC measurements were taken before induction and postinduction blood pressure was monitored. Patients with mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg or with a 30% decrease from baseline were considered to be having hypotension.

Results:

The CI of IVC with a cutoff 37% showed sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84% which was statistically significant. The CI of 36% of SCV during deep breathing was found to have high sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 87%.

Conclusion:

Our study in spontaneously breathing preoperative patients shows that SCV CI in deep breathing and IVC CI is very sensitive and reliable in predicting postinduction hypotension. Bedside ultrasound measurements can be easily done to obtain valuable information to recognize patients who could be at risk from postinduction hypotension.