bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade de physalis conduzido em diferentes sistemas de tutoramento
Authors: Buffon Paola Ana , Schwab Natalia Teixeira , Both Vanderlei , Führ Airton , Binsfeld Manuela Cristine
Published: December 2020

Resumo: a physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) é uma solanácea de grande valor nutricional e econômico que aos poucos está sendo incorporada ao cultivo de pequenas frutas de sabor exótico no Brasil. Para melhorar o desenvolvimento da planta e aumentar a produtividade e foram testados três sistemas de tutoramento (em “X”, “Y” e “V”) além da testemunha qualidade dos frutos, utilizam-se algumas práticas de manejo, tais como tutoramento e podas. Neste trabalho (livre desenvolvimento). O objetivo foi avaliar o sistema de tutoramento mais adequados para o desenvolvimento vegetativo (medido através do plastocrono), produtividade (através de determinações de massa dos frutos com e sem cálice e diâmetro dos frutos) e qualidade de frutos (através do pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis, firmeza de polpa e colorimetria). Para determinações do desenvolvimento foi instalado um experimento de campo no setor de Horticultura da UFSM, região central do Rio Grande do Sul. As determinações de produtividade e qualidade foram realizadas a partir dos frutos produzidos neste experimento. O plastocrono é afetado pelo número de hastes mantidas na planta, sendo maior no tutoramento em X. Para maiores produtividades recomenda-se o tutoramento em X e para melhor qualidade de frutos o tutoramento em Y.
Measuring transformational leadership style and its effectiveness on virtual work-teams in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, VARELA Nestor D. , GONZALEZ Carlos J. ,   Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, OCHOA-MEZA Gerardo ,   Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Published: December 2020

Objective: To examine transformational leadership factors that promote effectiveness in virtual work-team performance, generating empirical basis theoretical knowledge in management of virtual environments in Mexico. Method: Design and development of a questionnaire to assess determinants of transformational leadership and its effectiveness in virtual work-team performance. Results: this instrument is supported by evidences according to several perspectives founded at the conducted literature review. Limitations: this questionnaire do not use statistical productivity nor quality indicators in organizations. Originality: there is no instrument that address these factors in Mexico. Conclusions: this study will contribute to administrative sciences by developing an instrument to assess leadership capability and its effectiveness on virtual work team as new key parameters and strategies to be used by those business environment stakeholders.
La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en las Pymes de Colombia: un estudio descriptivo a partir de las dimensiones económica, ético-legal y filantrópica
Authors:   Universidad del Valle, Colombia, AZUERO-RODRIGUEZ Andres R. , GARCIA-SOLARTE Monica ,   Universidad del Valle, Colombia, CASTRO-RUIZ Camilo A. ,   Universidad del Valle, Colombia
Published: December 2020

Los estudios de RSE en Pymes son un tema de relevancia en la actualidad dado que estas tienen un impacto en la sociedad similar o mayor al de las multinacionales. Este estudio pretende identificar la percepción de la RSE en las pymes de Colombia desde las dimensiones planteadas por Carroll: económica, ética-legal y filantrópica. Esta investigación arroja como resultado principal que los gerentes de las Pymes en Colombia dan mayor importancia en la dimensión económica de la RSE.
Water management strategies in hotels in arid regions: results and implications from a case study on Gran Canaria island (Spain)
Authors:   National Louis University (U.S.), POPELY Deborah , MORENO-MELGAREJO Alberto ,   Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
Published: December 2020

Hotels are water-intensive businesses, and water scarcity presents a pressing problem for managers who rely on an uninterrupted supply of water to meet guests’ needs and maintain profitability. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies that hotel managers used to successfully maintain adequate water supplies in arid regions. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and hotel water usage reports from three hotels in Spanish island of Gran Canaria. This study may contribute to business practice by illuminating processes that hotel managers, employees, guests, and partners, can take to improve environmental performance and align practices with water governance.
Acciones creativas como factor clave del perfil emprendedor del estudiante universitario
Authors:   Universidad de Sucre, Colombia, PACHECO Carlos M. , NIEBLES William A. ,   Universidad de Sucre, Colombia, HERNANDEZ Hugo G. ,   Universidad del Atlántico-Colombia
Published: December 2020

La investigación busca identificar las acciones creativas como factor clave del perfil emprendedor del estudiante. La misma fue de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, transeccional y de campo. La población fue de 54 docentes. Se utilizó un cuestionario con 28 items, cuya confiabilidad fue 0,91. Los datos se analizaron bajo estadística descriptiva estimándose las medidas de tendencia central, así como las medidas de dispersión. Los hallazgos consideran que los estudiantes desarrollan acciones creativas que fomentan y refuerzan su perfil emprendedor.
Tecnología de la información y comunicación y las competencias comunicativas en estudiantes universitarios
Authors:   Universidad Científica del Sur, TORRES Julia T. , CALLA Kriss M. ,   Universidad César Vallejo, CASTAÑEDA Eliana S. ,   Escuela de Posgrado de la Policía Nacional del Peru, MORY William ,   Universidad César Vallejo, PUMACAYO Ilicha I. ,   Universidad César Vallejo
Published: December 2020

El propósito del artículo fue determinar la relación del uso de la tecnología de la información y las competencias comunicativas y sus dimensiones en los estudiantes de un instituto privado de Lima, Perú. Los resultados constataron que el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y sus dimensiones contribuyen de manera significativa en las competencias comunicativas, Conocer cómo contribuye a mejorar las competencias comunicativas es de gran interés debido a su repercusión de esta en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Propuestas para la mejora de la formación universitaria del técnico superior en prevención de riesgos laborales en España: estudio de focus group
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, España, MIÑO-TERRANCLE J. , COBOS-SANCHIZ D. ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, España
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es sentar las bases para el diseño de un modelo ideal de formación preventiva desde la óptica del experto, enfocada a avanzar en propuestas de reformas en el ámbito de la educación superior del técnico de prevención de riesgos laborales en España. Para ello se desarrolló un focus group con expertos de alto nivel en dicho objeto de estudio, del que se extrae un diagnóstico de la situación actual y algunas propuestas de futuro.
Formação pedagógica de professores nos cursos stricto sensu em administração no Brasil
Authors:   Centro Universitário Católico de Quixada, BESSA Marcos J.C. , MONTEIRO Rachel R. ,   Universidade Estadual do Ceara, MAGALHAES Antonio G. ,   Universidade Estadual do Ceará
Published: December 2020

Neste estudo, objetivamos compreender como os cursos stricto sensu em Administração no Brasil apresentam as disciplinas que contribuem para a formação pedagógica dos professores bacharéis. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de uma análise nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Administração. A investigação demonstrou que os cursos stricto sensu sinalizam a inserção da formação pedagógica através de algumas disciplinas nos cursos, porém acreditamos que esta reflexão do papel pedagógico do professor do Ensino Superior precisa ser vivencianda em demais aspectos.
La tomata ‘Valenciana’ del Perelló: comparació de les seues característiques genètiques i fenotípiques amb el conjunt de tomates tradicionals europees.
Authors: Granell Richart Antonio , Pons Puig Clara , Monforte Antonio J , Soler Salvador , Blanca Jose , Diez Maria Jose , Prohens Jaume
Published: December 2020

La tomata ‘Valenciana del Perelló’, originaria de l’horta de València, representa una de les més importants i apreciades varietats tradicional valencianes de consum en fresc. A pesar d’açò manquem d’una tipificació i caracterització en profunditat, el que dificulta identificar de manera especifica i objectiva característiques distintives d’aquest tipus de tomata tant especial. En aquest treball comparem les característiques genètiques i fenotípiques de la tomata la ‘Valenciana’ i, concretament la ‘Valenciana del Perelló’ amb un conjunt de mes de 1000 varietats de tomates tradicionals Europees amb la finalitat de proporcionar les bases per distingir la tomata ‘Valenciana’ del Perelló’ d’aquelles pertanyents a altres varietats tradicionals anomenades també valencianes o aquelles que són similars dins del conjunt tradicional europeu. La caracterització morfològica, basada en 10 caràcters morfològics i qualitatius ens indica que encara que hi ha diferències poblacionals, no són suficients per discriminar entre tipus varietals. El genotipat de les varietats tradicionals europees revela una estructura genètica ben definida per a la varietat de tomata ‘Valenciana del Perelló’ i respecte a altres tomates valencianes o tomates europees de característiques similars. En particular, 18 variants de seqüència SNPs en llocs específics del genoma de la tomata són suficients per distingir clarament la tomata ‘Valenciana’ tipus ‘ el Perelló’ de les altres varietats de tomata ‘Valenciana’ i la tomata ‘Valenciana’ del conjunt de tomata tradicional europeu. Tenint en compte açò, els nostres resultats proporcionen l’empremta genètica de la tomata ‘Valenciana del Perelló’, punt de partida per a la valorització d’aquesta varietat local i per a la seua utilització en programes de millora o el seu us certificat en mercats de productes d’alta qualitat.
VIROSIS EN TOMATE TRANSMITIDAS POR SEMILLA Y SU CONTROL
Authors: Font San Ambrosio María Isabel
Published: December 2020

Las virosis transmitidas por semilla en el cultivo del tomate crean gran preocupación entre los productores, y son de especial atención en aquellos que se dedican al cultivo de variedades locales donde las semillas se extraen durante la campaña y son empleadas para cultivos posteriores con lo que la infección y dispersión de estos virus es mucho más frecuente. Entre los virus transmitidos por semilla en tomate destacan el virus del mosaico del tomate (ToMV) y el virus del mosaico del pepino dulce (PepMV). Ambos virus se caracterizan por transmitirse, además de por semilla, de manera mecánica fácilmente y son muy estables manteniéndose en los restos del cultivo anterior y en las infraestructuras empleadas durante el manejo del cultivo. Sin embargo, la localización de estos virus en las semillas contaminadas difiere, mientras que PepMV se localiza únicamente de manera superficial, ToMV puede encontrarse además en zonas más internas como en el endospermo. Esto hace que los tratamientos empleados para la desinfección de semillas infectadas con cada uno de estos virus sea distinto: mientras que PepMV puede ser inactivado con tratamientos químicos superficiales, el tratamiento para descontaminar semillas con ToMV debe ser térmico a elevadas temperaturas.
MILLORA GENÈTICA DE LA TOMACA ‘VALENCIANA D’EL PERELLÓ’ PER A RESISTÈNCIA AL VIRUS DEL MOSAIC DE LA TOMACA (TOMATO MOSAIC VIRUS, TOMV)
Authors: Soler Salvador
Published: December 2020

La tomaca tradicional valenciana és apreciada per les seues propietats organolèptiques que li atorguen un elevat interès comercial. En concret la tomaca ‘Valenciana d’El Perelló’ és cada vegada més apreciada en les superfícies comercials. Aquesta tomaca presenta diferents trets morfològics, agronòmics i de qualitat que la fan atractiva per al llaurador i per al consumidor. No obstant, de vegades presenta problemes d’uniformitat de producció, així com d’altres característiques importants. D’altra banda, aquesta varietat presenta una elevada susceptibilitat a malalties com la causada pel virus del mosaic de la tomaca (ToMV). Així, una forma molt interessant de potenciar aquest cultiu tan valencià, és obtenir varietats més uniformes així com resistents al ToMV. En aquest treball és du a terme tant un programa de selecció així como un programa de millora genètica  de la resistència al ToMV de la tomaca ‘Valenciana d’El Perelló’. Es pretén per una banda augmentar la uniformitat de producció i la presencia de trets característics d’aquesta varietat, a la vegada que s’introgressa el gen Tm22 de resistència al ToMV.
Documentação, Museu e Memória: a coleção Getúlio Vargas e a formação do imaginário social
Authors: Duarte Bárbara Társia , Chagas Mario de Souza
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o processo de construção do imaginário social brasileiro a partir dos documentos, inventários e bibliografias da Coleção Getúlio Vargas.
Método: A pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória, tendo como objetivo o agrupamento de dados e informações, além de qualitativa histórico-documental, já que busca, a partir da pesquisa em anais, relatórios e arquivos históricos, analisar a documentação da Coleção Getúlio Vargas.
Resultado: Graças ao trabalho de documentação do Museu Histórico Nacional e da disponibilidade de seus anais e documentos por meio das páginas virtuais, constata-se a relação existente entre Vargas e o referido museu.
Conclusões: A partir do entendimento do papel dos museus na construção do imaginário social brasileiro, nota-se o poder dessas instituições na consolidação de narrativas políticas e ideológicas.
Avaliação da inflamabilidade de espécies nativas do cerrado
Authors: De Oliveira Marcileia Dias , Marinho Junior Josué Luiz , Stival Angela Helena Silva Mendes , Ferreira Bárbara Gomes , Silva Francisca de Cássia Silva da , Alves Marcos Vinícius Giongo
Published: December 2020

Na ocorrência de incêndios florestais, a propagação se deve principalmente às características das folhas. De certa forma, as folhas funcionam como potencializador ou retardador da propagação de incêndios, já que as que possuem baixa inflamabilidade podem servir como barreiras de proteção contra incêndios. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade, analisar a inflamabilidade de 6 espécies do cerrado. Para a realização do experimento, foi utilizado o epirradiador com uma faixa de temperatura controlada entre 630 a 650 ºC. Das espécies avaliadas foram coletadas 50 amostras de 1g (± 0,1 g) de cada espécie. Foram realizadas 50 repetições de queima, na qual se pôde analisar o Tempo para Ignição (TI), Frequência de ignição (FI), Duração de Combustão (DC), Índice de Combustão (IC) e Valor de Inflamabilidade (VI). Os valores de inflamabilidade das espécies foram: Protium Heptaphyllum igual a 1 (fracamente inflamável); Caryocar brasiliense Cambess., Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC., Acacia polyphylla e Terminalia argentea Mart. iguais a 3 (inflamáveis); e a espécie Lafoensia pacari igual a 4 (altamente inflamável). Percebeu-se que o teor de umidade das espécies não teve correlação com os valores de inflamabilidade e que outros fatores, como presença de óleos, resinas e gomas vegetais podem influenciar no processo de combustão.
A Compreensão dos Processos de Saúde-Doença em Médiuns de Incorporação da Umbanda
Authors: Scalon Ettore Fonseca , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Macedo Alice Costa
Published: December 2020

A partir da abordagem cultural dos processos saúde-doença, as consultas mediúnicas na umbanda fazem parte do sistema popular de cuidado. Objetivou-se investigar como médiuns de incorporação compreendem os processos saúde-doença, especificamente os relacionados ao adoecimento psíquico. Foram entrevistados sete médiuns de incorporação, com idades entre 26 e 58 anos, membros de um terreiro na cidade de Uberaba/MG, Brasil. O tempo médio de atuação como médium de incorporação foi de 8,28 anos. As concepções de saúde e doença fazem referência tanto ao modelo ontológico como ao modelo relacional de saúde. Conclui-se que o terreiro centraliza o processo saúde-doença, cuidando de quem cuida (médiuns) e também de quem procura por cuidado (consulente), em uma perspectiva que deve ser compreendida em sua complexidade e potencialidade para a integralidade.
A Fruição Estética na Obra de Freud
Authors: Novais Diego Bertanha , Campos Érico Bruno Viana , Caropreso Fátima
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo expor as concepções de Sigmund Freud sobre a fruição estética. Ele parte da hipótese de que há dois posicionamentos básicos a respeito do tema na obra do autor: um referente à obra de arte como fonte de prazer e outro vinculado à produção de inquietação. De acordo com Freud, o prazer produzido pela obra de arte seria fruto de uma descarga energética, que permitiria uma suspensão temporária da repressão e a realização disfarçada de um desejo inconsciente. Já a inquietação seria produzida quando a obra de arte manifestasse certos elementos vinculados ao reprimido ou remetesse a formas de pensamento já superadas ao longo do desenvolvimento psíquico. Concluímos que, em ambos os casos, a fruição estética estaria relacionada com a evocação de representações inconscientes reprimidas. No entanto, a determinação dos afetos suscitados no espectador também seria influenciada pela manipulação exercida pelo artista, a partir da aplicação de sua técnica.
Rethinking biases: Een meerstemmig gesprek over postkoloniale blinde vlekken in cinema
Authors: Baltussen Liesje , Nellis Steff
Published: December 2020

Waarom is het tegenwoordig nog moeilijk om twee lichamen met verschillende huidskleur samen vast te leggen? Waarom ervaren zwarte performers zoveel problemen met make-up en lichtinval op filmsets? Hoe is het mogelijk dat projecten van filmmakers zonder strikt Belgische achtergrond vaak maar moeilijk financiële steun genieten? Het zijn enkele van de blinde vlekken in het filmmaken die PRISM (2020) blootlegt. Drie filmmaaksters met een verschillende huidskleur, An van. Dienderen, Rosine Mbakam en Eléonore Yameogo, werken voor PRISM samen rond het ‘dekoloniseren van de cinematografie’. Het resultaat is een gesamtkunstwerk dat uitgaat van het idee dat het filmisch medium de witte huid op technologisch en ideologisch vlak bevooroordeelt ten opzichte van donkere huidtypes. Liesje Baltussen en Steff Nellis gingen met de makers van PRISM in gesprek op allerlei manieren. Het resultaat is een collectief werkdocument waarin ze pogen ieders stem – ook die van u, als lezer – te betrekken.
Fotograf: Een zoektocht naar herinnering
Authors: Eysermans Inne , Leonard Ingrid , Smets Katharina
Published: December 2020

Dit audiovisueel essay is het resultaat van een experiment in het gebied tussen taal, beeld en audio. De beelden van fotograaf Ingrid Leonard worden samen gepresenteerd met tekstfragmenten van Katharina Smets en het geluid en de muziek van Inne Eysermans. Ze vormen samen het multimediaal collectief The Space Between en creëren een associatieve ruimte die niet enkel persoonlijk is, maar ook een beroep doet op het collectieve geheugen.
The Relationship of Global Exposure and Intercultural Effectiveness among Secondary
Youth
Authors: Vincent Stacy , Turley Courtney T , Austin Ashley
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the impact of varying amounts of global exposure and previous travel experiences have on secondary agriculture students’ intercultural effectiveness (ICE) and global experiences through the lens of Mere Exposure Theory. Using a descriptive correlational approach, we surveyed 387 secondary agriculture seniors from 11 randomly selected schools in Kentucky to evaluate participant self-awareness, exploration, global mindset, relationship interest, positive regard, and emotional resilience. Findings revealed the majority of participants excelled in exploration but lacked in global mindsets. Benefits of successful ICE when applied are expected to increase communication and work effectiveness. Ignoring this approach would create poor abilities to connect with individuals of different cultural backgrounds.

Keywords: intercultural effectiveness, global exposure, youth, agricultural education, mere exposure
Intention Level of Farmers to Use Information Communication Technologies for
Agricultural Risk Management in Malaysia
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Man Norsida , Muharam Farrah
Published: December 2020

Climate changes are changing intentions of farmers to tackle climate variations in various ways. Information and Communication Technologies are proving to assist farmers to manage agricultural risk timely and with fewer efforts. Intention of farmers to use ICTs in the context of agricultural risk management is important to understand. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine intention of the farmers from the context of Malaysia. The field survey of three selected states was conducted in which 350 farmers were chosen through multi stage cluster sampling technique. The Likert scale items measuring 1 as strongly disagree to 5 as strongly agree were used in the research instrument to assess intention of the respondents. The findings revealed that the farmers showed positive intention to use ICTs for agricultural risk management from the future lens. The overall level of intention was also high. However, internet speed, small screen display and battery issues could halt intention of the farmers to harness potential of digital technologies as reported by the farmers. Thus, the study recommends that agricultural extension service providers are required to introduce various digital skill development programs for the farmers exclusively resource poor and less digital familiar farmers to reduce the risk in the agricultural sector stem from climate changes.

Keywords: intention, farmers, ICTs, agricultural risk management, Malaysia
Social Media Application in Agriculture Extension Programming for Small Scale Rural Farmers: Is Knowledge Impeding the Lack of Adoption?
Authors: Moonsammy Stephan , Moonsammy Donna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of farmers on basic computer literacy, social media use, and to explore which social and demographic factors affected their knowledge capacity. The study had a final sample of 176 participants from the northern, southern and central regions of Trinidad and Tobago. A survey instrument comprising of 14 multiple-choice questions with one accurate response was developed to decrease bias of farmers randomly selecting the accurate response. The questions addressed knowledge on basic computer and social media literacy. Analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with posthoc testing. Results indicated that there were significant differences in farmers’ performance in the knowledge test based on characteristics such as age, education, and household use of social media and the internet. Based on the findings, minimal training in computer and social media literacy did not impede the farmers’ use of the computer or social media. These discoveries highlight the potential of extension programs using the internet and social media applications to improve communication efficiency among agricultural stakeholders within farming communities. Keywords: agriculture, computer literacy, Extension, knowledge, social media
CO2-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the
radiative forcing concept: A critical review
Authors: Bright Ryan M. , Lund Marianne T.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Management of Earth's surface albedo is increasingly viewed as an important climate change mitigation strategy both on (Seneviratne et al., 2018) and off (Field et al., 2018; Kravitz et al., 2018) the land. Assessing the impact of a surface albedo change involves employing a measure like radiative forcing (RF) which can be challenging to digest for decision-makers who deal in the currency of CO2-equivalent emissions. As a result, many researchers express albedo change (Δα) RFs in terms of their CO2-equivalent effects, despite the lack of a standard method for doing so, such as there is for emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs; e.g., IPCC AR5, Myhre et al. (2013)). A major challenge for converting Δα RFs into their CO2-equivalant effects in a manner consistent with current IPCC emission metric approaches stems from the lack of a universal time-dependency following the perturbation (perturbation lifetime). Here, we review existing methodologies based on the RF concept with the goal of highlighting the context(s) in which the resulting CO2-equivalent metrics may or may not have merit. To our knowledge this is the first review dedicated entirely to the topic since the first CO2-eq. metric for Δα surfaced 20 years ago. We find that, although there are some methods that sufficiently address the time-dependency issue, none address or sufficiently account for the spatial disparity between the climate response to CO2 emissions and Δα – a major critique of Δα metrics based on the RF concept (Jones et al., 2013). We conclude that considerable research efforts are needed to build consensus surrounding the RF efficacy of various surface forcing types associated with Δα (e.g., crop change, forest harvest, etc.), and the degree to which these are sensitive to the spatial pattern, extent, and magnitude of the underlying surface forcings.
Towards 3D Simulation for Disaster Intervention Robot Behaviour Assessment
Authors: Bertolino Matteo , Tanzi Tullio J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. When a disaster strikes, response teams can nowadays rely on recent advances in technology. This approach improves the definition of a disaster management strategy. The use of autonomous systems during rescue operations allows, for example, to reach places that may be inaccessible or dangerous to human rescuers. In this context, both the design and the configuration of an autonomous system, including its embedded instruments (e.g. sensors), play a very important role in the overall outcome of the rescue mission. An incorrect configuration can lead to the acquisition of inaccurate or erroneous data and may result in incorrect information provided to rescuers. How can we ensure that the configuration of the autonomous systems is correct for a target mission? We propose to validate this configuration by testing the behaviour of the autonomous systems and their equipment in a virtual environment. To do this, system, sensors, space environment (geometry, etc.), prevailing conditions at the intervention site (weather, etc.) and mission scenario must be modelled in a 3D simulation system. The results of these simulations allow to apply in real time the modifications required to better adapt the configuration to the objectives of the mission. These simulations must be performed prior to the deployment of rescue teams to speed the development of a rescue management strategy. In this contribution, we propose a protocol to enhance an existing simulation environment to make it adapt to support disaster management. Then, we validate it through a case study in which we show the approach to correctly configure a LIDAR for a realistic mission. Such simulations allowed us to quantitatively configure the parameters of the LIDAR mounted on an existing disaster management rover, in order to keep the energy consumption limited while guaranteeing a correct functioning of the system. Resuming, the expected results are: (i) the assessment of the suitability of system for the mission, (ii) the choice of the quantitative features which characterize such equipment, (iii) the expectation of mission success and (iv) the probability which the system survives and completes the mission.
Scattering and diffraction of a uniform complex-source beam by a slit in a perfectly conducting plane screen
Authors: Klinkenbusch Ludger
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A new multipole solution in plane-polar coordinates for the scattering of an arbitrary TE- or TM-polarized incident field by an infinitely extended slit in a plane screen is derived. To this end a classical three-domain problem with a complete multipole expansion in each of the domains is formulated. The unknown multipole amplitudes are found from the continuity conditions of the tangential electric and magnetic field components. Finally an infinite system of linear equations is derived which can be approximated by a numerically tractable finite one leading to a solution with an arbitrary accuracy. The results are numerically successfully compared to those ones obtained by classically solving the strip problem using Mathieu functions and by a subsequent application of the rigorous form of the Babinet principle. Numerical results include the comparison of the scattered fields obtained for an incident uniform complex-source beam and for an incident plane wave.
Radar system with dedicated planar traveling wave antennas for elderly people monitoring
Authors: Schäfer Sassan , Müller Simon , Schmiech Daniel , Diewald Andreas R.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Radar systems for contactless vital sign monitoring are well known and an actual object of research.
These radar-based sensors could be used for monitoring of elderly people in their homes but also for detecting the activity of prisoners and to control electrical devices (light, audio, etc.) in smart living environments.
Mostly these sensors are foreseen to be mounted on the ceiling in the middle of a room.
In retirement homes the rooms are mostly rectangular and of standardized size.
Furniture like beds and seating are found at the borders or the corners of the room.
As the propagation path from the center of the room ceiling to the borders and corners of a room is 1.4 and 1.7 time longer the power reflected by people located there is 6 or even 10 dB lower than if located in the center of the room.
Furthermore classical antennas in microstrip technology are strengthening radiation in broadside direction.
Radar systems with only one single planar antenna must be mounted horizontally aligned when measuring in all directions.
Thus an antenna pattern which is increasing radiation in the room corners and borders for compensation of free space loss is needed.
In this contribution a specification of classical room sizes in retirement homes are given.
A method for shaping the antenna gain in the E-plane by an one-dimensional series-fed traveling wave patch array and
in the H-plane by an antenna feeding network for improvement of people detection in the room borders and corners is presented for a 24 GHz digital beamforming (DBF) radar system. The feeding network is a parallel-fed power divider for microstrip patch antennas at 24 GHz.
Both approaches are explained in theory.
The design parameters and the layout of the antennas are given.
The simulation of the antenna arrays are executed with CST MWS.
Simulations and measurements of the proposed antennas are compared to each other.
Both antennas are used for the transmit and the receive channel either.
The sensor topology of the radar system is explained.
Furthermore the measurement results of the protoype are presented and discussed.
Competing effects of nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on
Northern hemispheric terrestrial carbon uptake and storage,
1850–2099
Authors: Franz Martina , Zaehle Sönke
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition affect vegetation growth and thus the ability of the land biosphere to store carbon. However, the magnitude of this effect on the contemporary and future terrestrial carbon balance is insufficiently understood. Here, we apply an extended version of the O-CN terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the atmosphere to canopy transport of O3, its surface and stomatal uptake, as well as the ozone-induced leaf injury. We use this model to simulate past and future impacts of air pollution (ozone and nitrogen deposition) against a background of concurrent changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) for two contrasting representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The simulations show that O3-related damage considerably reduced Northern hemispheric gross primary production (GPP) and long-term carbon storage between 1850 and the 2010s. The ozone effect on GPP in the Northern hemisphere peaks at the end of the 20th century with reductions of 4 %, causing a reduction in the Northern hemispheric carbon sink of 0.4 Pg C yr−1. During the 21st century, ozone-induced reductions in GPP and carbon storage is projected to decline through a combination of air pollution control methods that reduce tropospheric O3 and the indirect effects of rising atmospheric CO2, which reduces stomatal uptake of ozone concurrent with increases of leaf-level water-use efficiency. However, in hotspot regions such as East Asia, the model simulations suggest a sustained decrease of GPP by more than 8 % during the 21st century. Regionally, ozone exposure reduces carbon storage at the end of the 21st century by up to 15 % in parts of Europe, the US and East Asia. These estimates are lower compared to previous studies, which partially results from the explicit representation of non-stomatal ozone destruction, which considerably reduces simulated ozone uptake by leaves and incurred injury. Our simulations suggest that ozone damage largely offsets the growth stimulating effect induced by nitrogen deposition in the Northern hemisphere until the 2050s. Thus, accounting for the stimulating effects of nitrogen deposition but omitting the detrimental effect of O3 might lead to an over estimation of carbon uptake and storage.
A triple tree-ring constraint for tree growth and physiology in a
global land surface model
Authors: Barichivich Jonathan , Peylin Philippe , Launois Thomas , Daux Valerie , Risi Camille , Jeong Jina , Luyssaert Sebastiaan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Annually-resolved tree-ring records extending back to pre-industrial conditions have the potential to constrain the responses of global land surface models at interannual to centennial time scales. Here, we demonstrate a framework to constrain the representation of tree growth and physiology in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model using the simulated variability of tree-ring width and carbon (Δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes in six sites in boreal and temperate Europe. We exploit the tree-ring triplet to derive integrative constraints for leaf physiology and growth from well-known mechanistic relationships among the variables. The model simulates Δ13C (r = 0.31–0.80) and δ18O (r = 0.36–0.74) better than tree-ring width (r
Mineral Dust Influence on the Glacial Nitrate Record from the RICE
Ice Core, West Antarctica and Environmental Implications
Authors: Venugopal Abhijith U. , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Pyne Rebecca L. , Kjær Helle A. , Winton V. Holly L. , Mayewski Paul A. , Cortese Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3−), an abundant aerosol in polar snow, is a complex environmental proxy to interpret owing to the variety of its sources and its susceptibility to post-depositional processes. During the last glacial period, when the dust level in the Antarctic atmosphere was higher than today by a factor up to ~25, mineral dust appears to have a stabilizing effect on the NO3− concentration. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present new and highly resolved records of NO3− and non-sea salt calcium (nssCa2+, a proxy for mineral dust) from the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core for the period 26–40 kilo years Before Present (ka BP). This interval includes seven millennial-scale Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIM) events, against the background of a glacial climate state. We observe a significant correlation between NO3− and nssCa2+ over this period and especially during AIM events. We put our observation into a spatial context by comparing the records to existing data from east Antarctic cores of EPICA Dome C (EDC), Vostok and central Dome Fuji. The data suggest that nssCa2+ is contributing to the effective scavenging of NO3− from the atmosphere through the formation of Ca(NO3)2. The geographic pattern implies that the process of Ca(NO3)2 formation occurs during the long-distance transport of mineral dust from the mid-latitude source regions by Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHWW) and most likely over the Southern Ocean. Since NO3− is dust-bound and the level of dust mobilized through AIM events is mainly regulated by the latitudinal position of SHWW, we suggest that NO3− may also have the potential to provide insights into paleo-westerly wind pattern during the events.
Development of a three-dimensional variational assimilation system for lidar profile data based on a size-resolved aerosol model in WRF–Chem model v3.9.1 and its application in PM2.5 forecasts across China
Authors: Liang Yanfei , Zang Zengliang , Liu Dong , Yan Peng , Hu Yiwen , Zhou Yan , You Wei
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The authors developed a three-dimensional variational (3-DVAR) aerosol
extinction coefficient (AEC) and aerosol mass concentration (AMC) data
assimilation (DA) system for aerosol variables in the Weather Research and
Forecasting–Chemistry (WRF–Chem) model with the WRF–Chem using the Model
for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) scheme. They
establish an AEC observation operator and its corresponding adjoint based on
the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)
equation and investigate the use of lidar AEC and surface AMC DA to forecast
mass concentration (MC) profiles of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an
aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm) across China. Two sets of
data were assimilated: AEC profiles captured by five conventional Mie
scattering lidars (positioned in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Xuzhou, and
Wuhu) and PM2.5 and PM10 MC data obtained from over 1500 ground
environmental monitoring stations across China. Three DA experiments (i.e.,
a PM2.5 (PM10) DA experiment, a lidar AEC DA experiment, and a
simultaneous PM2.5 (PM10) and lidar AEC DA experiment) with a 12 h
assimilation period and a 24 h forecast period were conducted. The
PM2.5 (PM10) DA reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) of the
surface PM2.5 MC in the initial field of the model by 38.6 µg m−3 (64.8 %). When lidar AEC data were assimilated, this reduction was 10.5 µg m−3 (17.6 %), and a 38.4 µg m−3 (64.4 %)
reduction occurred when the two data sets were assimilated simultaneously,
although only five lidars were available within the simulation region
(approximately 2.33 million km2 in size). The RMSEs of the forecasted
surface PM2.5 MC 24 h after the DA period in the three DA experiments
were reduced by 6.1 µg m−3 (11.8 %), 1.5 µg m−3 (2.9 %),
and 6.5 µg m−3 (12.6 %), respectively, indicating that the
assimilation and hence the optimization of the initial field have a positive
effect on the PM2.5 MC forecast performance over a period of 24 h after
the DA period.
Characteristics and process controls of statistical flood
moments in Europe – a data based analysis
Authors: Lun David , Viglione Alberto , Bertola Miriam , Komma Jürgen , Parajka Juraj , Valent Peter , Blöschl Günter
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper analyses the spatial patterns and process controls of the mean annual flood (MAF), coefficient of variation (CV) and skewness (CS) of flood discharges in Europe. The data consist of maximum annual flood discharge series observed in 2370 catchments in Europe covering the period 1960–2010. On average, in Europe, the estimated moments MAF, CV and CS are 0.17 m3 s−1 km−2, 0.52 and 1.28, respectively. The results indicate that MAF is largest along the Atlantic coast, the high rainfall areas of the Mediterranean coast and in the mountain ranges of Europe, while it is smallest in the sheltered parts of the East European plain. CV is largest in Southern and Eastern Europe, while it is smallest in the regions of strong Atlantic influence. The pattern of CS is similar to that of CV, albeit a little more erratic. In the Mediterranean, MAF, CV and CS decrease strongly with catchment area suggesting that floods in small catchments are relatively very large, while in Eastern Europe the dependence is much weaker. The Process controls on the flood moments in five hydroclimatic regions are identified by correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with a range of covariates. Precipitation-related variables are found to be the main controls of the spatial patterns of MAF in most of Europe except for the regions with snow influence where air temperature is more important. Catchment area is another relevant variable. Aridity is by far the most important control of the spatial pattern of CV in all of Europe. Precipitation-related variables are relevant in Southern Europe. Overall, the findings suggest that, at the continental scale, climate variables dominate over land surface characteristics, such as land use and soil type, in controlling the spatial patterns of flood moments. Finally, the estimation accuracy of the multiple linear regression model for estimating flood moments in ungauged basins is evaluated as a baseline for more accurate local studies.
Rainfall erosivity estimation using gridded daily precipitation
datasets
Authors: Wang Maoqing , Yin Shuiqing , Yue Tianyu , Yu Bofu , Wang Wenting
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Rainfall erosivity is one of the most important factors incorporated into the empirical soil erosion models USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). Gridded precipitation datasets have been widely used in the estimation of rainfall erosivity, whereas biases due to scale differences between gridded data and gauge data have been ignored. Based on daily precipitation observations from over 2000 stations in China, as well as four widely used gauge-based gridded daily precipitation datasets, CPC, GPCC, CN05.1 and NMIC, this study compared the probability density functions (PDFs) of the gridded and gauge datasets using the skill score method, quantified the bias of rainfall erosivity (including the R-factor and 1-in-10-year event rainfall erosivity) estimated using the gridded daily precipitation datasets from that estimated using the gauge daily precipitation dataset based on the area reduction factor (ARF) method, and established correction factors for rainfall erosivity maps generated from gridded datasets. The results showed that the gridded daily data reduced the frequency of no-rain days and the intensity of heavy precipitation. In the eastern part of China, the grid-estimated R-factor values were underestimated by 15–40 % compared with the gauge-estimated values, and the grid-estimated 1-in-10-year event rainfall erosivity values were underestimated by 25–50 %, whereas in the western part of China, noticeable random errors were introduced. The lower probability and intensity of the daily precipitation larger than the 90th percentile in the gridded datasets were mainly responsible for the underestimation. CN05.1 was the most-recommended among the four datasets, as it had the lowest mean relative error (MRE), and the accuracy was higher for the eastern part of China than for the western part of China. The MREs were 16.1 % and 25.1 % for the R-factor after applying correction factors of 1.708 and 1.010, respectively, for the eastern and western part of China. The 1-in-10-year event erosivity had larger correction factors and MREs than did the R-factor, with the MREs being 22.1 % and 27.2 % after applying correction factors of 1.959 and 1.880, respectively, for the eastern and western part of China. This study pointed out that in the applications of gridded precipitation datasets, the empirical models established based on gauge precipitation data should not be used directly for the gridded data, or a bias correction process needed to be considered for the model outputs.
Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes
Authors: Kwak Tae-Young , Woo Sang-Inn , Chung Choong-Ki , Kim Joonyoung
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In several countries, the rising occurrence of sinkholes has led to severe
social and economic damage. Based on the mechanism of sinkhole development,
researchers have investigated the correlation between rainfall intensity and
sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes. In this study, the effect of
rainfall intensity on the formation of eroded zones, as well as the
occurrence of sinkholes caused by soil erosion due to groundwater
infiltration through pipe defects, has been analyzed through model tests.
The ground materials in Seoul were represented by weathered granite soil,
which is generally used for backfill sewer pipes, and groundwater levels
corresponding to three different rainfall intensity conditions were
considered. The ground level changes and ground displacements were measured
continuously, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm was applied
to measure the displacement at each position of the model ground. The
results indicate that impeding the excessive rise in groundwater levels by
securing sufficient sewage treatment facilities can effectively prevent the
development of sinkholes caused by pipe defects.
Critical Indigenous ways of knowing: Research, narratives, and self-actualisation
Authors: Simard Estelle Marie
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
The process of Indigenous research methodologies has existed within the Anishinaabe worldview for over a millennium. The Anishinaabe-centric author presents and highlights a pathway of Indigenous research methodologies, and critically analyses research, pedagogy and attachment through an Indigenous research methodology. Indigenous research lives within the Anishinaabe language as a cultural process for understanding purpose, in addition to understanding the specific gifts unknown to the researcher. This article identifies Anishinaabe Gikendaasowin as a manner of centring oneself within one’s cultural worldview. Indigenous research methodologies contain intrinsic processes of critical cultural construct development, critical content analysis,ceremony and cultural attachment. This article further explores colonial worldview impacts on Indigenous peoples and the misapplication of that research and its influence on educational paradigms. Finally, an Anishinaabe scholarly exemplar is presented that provides tangible steps for incorporating spirit knowledge into positive, innovative and pedagogical Indigenous lessons.
Indigenous research sovereignty requires consent when researching our Anishinaabe sacred practice-based evidence. As a result, Indigenous research methodologies will often start with the act of cultural grounding. Cultural grounding in research is not a new concept. In the Anishinaabe language, manidoo waabiwin can translate into seeing things in a spiritual way. This spiritual wayis the bridge to understanding, appreciating and attaching to a construct or phenomenon within an Indigenous way of knowing journey. There are many different manners to grounding one’s spiritual research work that range from offering tobacco to the aatsokaanug (inadequately translated as spirits), and to the participation in cultural activities, both of which will often promote spiritual awareness or manido waabiwin. This critical Indigenous research methodologies article highlights Anishinaabe Gikendaasowin, or Anishinaabe knowledge or ways of knowing that centres within Anishinaabe worldview. This article is embedded in Anishinaabe knowledge and can be considered Anishinaabe-centric.
The effects of financial factors on Peruvian mining companies share price
Authors: Carhuamaca-Flores Almendra , Almonacid-Carranza Vania Malena , Santillan-Zapata Nivardo Alonzo , Venegas-Rodriguez Pedro Bernabe , Deza-Quispe Jimmy Alberth
Published: December 2020

This research analyses the relationship and relative importance of financial factors on the Peruvian mining copper companies´ share prices from 2010 to 2018. Voting common share prices were focused and book value, dividend per share, dividend yield, price earnings, earnings per share and roe were employed as regressors. Fixed-effects regression was used, and tests of stationarity, distribution, and specification harnessed. It was found that earnings per share and dividend yield had a positive and significant relationship with share prices, while book value had a negative one.