bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
حقيقة مفهوم التوقيف في اللُّغة عند ابن فارس
Authors: د. أسامة بن أحمد السُّلميّ د. أسامة بن أحمد السُّلميّ
Published: June 2021

في هذا البحث تصحيح لمفهوم التوقيف في اللغة عند ابن فارس، إذ يعالجُ غموضَ مصطلحِ التوقيف في اللغة عند ابن فارس، ويقدِّم توجيهًا لمفهومٍ شائع، أَخَذَه عليه بعضُ المحدَثين، بما لا يتناسب مع مكانة ابن فارس العلميّة، ولا مع نصوصه ومواقفه، وذلك بتتبع العلاقات بين سائر نصوصه وموافقه المختلفة، وربط بعضها ببعض، وجاء في ثلاثة مباحث، ناقشَ الأوّلُ منها القولَ المنسوب إلى ابن فارس، وإشكالاته، وجاء المبحث الثاني معنيًّا بتحرير مفهوم التوقيف عند ابن فارس، وذلك بوصْفِ أصلِ مصطلح التوقيف، وتتبّع نشأته، وبحث علاقة التوقيف الفقهي بالتوقيف اللغويّ عند ابن فارس، مع تقديم الأدلّة التفصيليّة الدالّة على حقيقة مفهوم التوقيف اللغوي عنده، ثم درس قيمة مفهوم التوقيف اللغوي عند ابن فارس، وآثاره المنهجيّة. وقد خلَصَ البحثُ إلى أنَّ التوقيفَ نشأ في علمِ الفقهِ وأصوله، ومرَّ بتطوّر تاريخي مهم، في ظلِّ التداخل بين العلوم العربيّة والإسلاميّة، واستعمله ابنُ فارس في علوم اللغة، بما يدلّ على قيام العلاقة بين مفهومه الفقهي ومفهومِه عند ابن فارس، والتداخل بين العلوم العربية والإسلامية، وبتحرير العلاقة بينهما تتكشف حقيقة مفهوم التوقيف في اللغة عنده، وخصوصيته، ويتضح به اطرادُ آراءِ ابن فارس وانسجامها، وتصديق بعضها بعضًا، مع ثبوت أدلةِ أصلِ المصطلح ونشأته، وخصوصيّةِ مفهومه عند ابن فارس، كما كشف عن استعمالِ بعض علماء العربية له باسمه ومفهومه، وعَرَضَ لقيمة المفهوم وآثاره المنهجيّة في دراسة اللغة العربيّة، في الاستدلال ومسلك بناء الحكم، وفي النموّ والتجديد اللغويّ، وذلك بتوضيح ما يترتب عليه من آثارٍ علميّة ومنهجيّة، لتضعَ أساسًا صلبًا في منهجيّة دراسة اللغة العربيّة.
رمزية الذئب في السرد النسائي: قصة ليلى والذئب أنموذجا
Authors: أمل محيسن القثامي أمل محيسن القثامي
Published: June 2021

يسعى هذا البحث إلى رصد "ثيمة" الذئب في السرد النسائي من خلال النصوص القصصية التي استحضرت القصة العالمية "ليلى والذئب"، كما يحرص على كشف تمثيلات الذئب ورمزيته في الذهنية الساردة، والتي جاءت -بعد الاستقراء- في نمطين: الذئب النمطي الذي اقترن حضوره بالرجل المراوغ، الشهواني، وهو نمط ظهر فيه الذئب ممتثلا للتصورات الجاهزة في المخيال الجمعي. وأما النمط الآخر لرمزية الذئب فحضر متجاوزا وكاسرا للمألوف، فالذئب إما أن يكون ذات المرأة / المتذئبة كما في قصة غادة السمان، أو رجلا حنونا كما صورته أملي نصرالله، أو كما جسدته الشملان رمزا لقوى الشر، كل ذلك جاء بموعزات مختلفة فكرية وأخلاقية وثقافية واجتماعية.
Reflections on a decade of change in international environmental law
Authors: Rajamani Lavanya , Peel Jacqueline
Published: June 2021

This article examines the profound ways in which international environmental law has evolved over the last decade in response to a shifting geopolitical context, as well as a better understanding of the possibilities and limits of global regulation to address complex, polycentric and intractable environmental harms. It identifies as emerging trends in the field the maturation of the customary norms and fundamental principles of international environmental law, in addition to changes in its modes of implementation and the actors involved in those processes. This article also highlights the increasing activity at the interface with other fields of law and policy that has expanded the sites at which international environmental law is made, applied and implemented. It concludes by asking whether this body of international law remains ‘fit for purpose’ as it seeks to adapt to constraints on its nature and operation imposed by the current architecture of international law and politics.
The proportionality of provisional measures in ICSID arbitration
Authors: Sendut Jefferi Hamzah
Published: June 2021

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunals increasingly regard proportionality as a requirement for the indication of provisional measures. While proportionality's relevance to the application of substantive investment protection standards has received significant scholarly attention, less discussed is proportionality's potential impact in the provisional measures context. In light of proposals raised in the ongoing ICSID Rules Amendment Project to codify a requirement of proportionality for provisional measures, this article analyses how proportionality might be used to address State concerns regarding the effect of provisional measures on their sovereign prerogatives. It argues that the proportionality requirement's codification could meaningfully alter the approach of ICSID tribunals to provisional measures in a way which is valuable to States, but which remains fair to investors. To do so, this article outlines specifically what is meant by the ‘proportionality requirement’ in the context of the ICSID provisional measures framework, as well as the concerns which have animated State comments regarding its proposed codification in the ICSID Rules (Section 2). This article then contends that the proposed codification has the potential to meet State concerns at little cost to investors (Section 3). In order to illustrate the point, ICSID tribunals’ treatment of requests for the suspension of domestic tax enforcement is contrasted against their treatment of requests for the suspension of criminal investigations or proceedings.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single-Center Study.
Authors: Gojayev Afig , Yuksel Cemil , Ersen Ogun , Celasin Haydar , Ekrem Unal Ali , Demirci Salim
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The impact on gastric cancer (GC) surgery is unknown. Various reports have shown data indicating that cancer patients with COVID-19 have high morbidity and mortality rates. The choice of surgical procedures and perioperative management of the patients with malignancy has become even more impor¬tant in the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the preopartive, intraoperative, and postoperative findings of patients operated for gastric cancer in our clinic. Materials and Methods: We defined the ‘COVID-19’ period as occurring between 12-03-2020 and 31-08-2020. All the enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (Pre-CG; 64 cases) and COVID-19 group (CG; 39 cases). A total of 103 patients with gastric cancer were included in this study. Patient characteristics, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinicopathological findings were compared between groups. Results: The waiting times before admission increased in CG (Pre-CG [6.73±2.85] vs CG [20.61±5.16] ; p<0.001). After admission, the waiting time before surgery was longer in CG (Pre-CG [5.06±3.06] vs CG [6.89±3.32] ; p=0.006). No significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of operation time, surgical procedure, combine organ resection, intraoperative blood transfusion requirment (p values, respectively; p=0.108; p=0.951; p=0.204; p=0.597). Postoperative complications were oesophagojejunostomy leak (3/1) , atelectasis (2/2), duodenal leak (2/2), ileus (3/0), pleural effusion (2/2), and others (1/1), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.333). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of hospital stay (p = 0.086) and ICU stay (p = 0.989). Conclusion: In this study, it was seen that the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer surgery, but it prolonged admission waiting and operation waiting times. Since there is very little data in the literature regarding the effect of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery, our study will guide future studies on this subject.

Keywords: COVID-19, Impact, Gastric Cancer, Pandemics, Surgery
Yaşlı Bakıcıların Bakım Kariyeri
Authors: AKIŞ Aslı Gözde
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma yaşlısına bakım veren aile üyesi yaşlı bakıcıların, bakım sürecinde değişen aile ilişkileri, rol ve kimliklerini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada bakım bir süreç olarak değerlendirilmiş ve bu süreçte yaşlıların birer bakıcı olarak bakım alanında nasıl yer aldıklarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmada yaşam seyri yaklaşımı bağlamında bakımın üstlenilmesi ve sürdürülmesinde bağlantılı yaşamların, tarihsel ve mekânsal koşulların, bireysel özelliklerin önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yönteminden yararlanılmış ve çalışma kapsamında 24 yaşlı bakıcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerde yaşlı bakıcıların biyografik yaşam seyirleri ele alınmış ve elde edilen veriler tematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri yaşlı bakıcıların, bakım yörüngeleri, bakımın eş ve ebeveyn bakımında nasıl gerçekleştiği, bakım sürecinde yaşanan rol çatışmaları nedeniyle bakıcı olarak kendilerini nasıl tanımladıkları ve kendi yaşlılıklarına dair nasıl bir düşünceye sahip oldukları açısından bakım literatüründeki çeşitli bakıcı tipolojileri bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Buna göre yaşlı bakıcıların bakım kariyeri; ebeveynin ebeveyni, ebeveyn gibi, evli dullar, bakım nöbetçileri ve bakım erbapları olmak üzere beş tema altında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda yaşlıların bakıcı olarak edindikleri bu yeni rolün birer eş, çocuk, kardeş, ebeveyn veya çalışan olarak sahip oldukları diğer rollerle çatıştığı; ebeveyn, eş ve kardeş ilişkilerinin ve sorumluluklarının bakım sürecinde değiştiği ve bu değişimlerin bakımın yoğunluğuna, süresine ve zamanlamasına bağlı olarak gerçekleştiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
PANDEMİ GÜNLERİNDE MARKALAR VE İLETİŞİM BİÇİMLERİ: GÖZLEME DAYALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: YILDIRIM Yıldırım
Published: June 2021

Çin’de başlayıp bir anda tüm dünya ülkelerini etkisi altına alan Korona Virüs (diğer adıyla Covid-19) küresel anlamda büyük bir değişim yaratmış ve bu değişim bütün alanları etkisi altına almıştır. Ticaret yöntemleri, iş yapma biçimleri, tüketici alışkanlıkları ve alışveriş tercihleri, değerler ve yaşam tarzları kökten değişime uğramış, yeniden biçimlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada markaların pandemi günlerinde nasıl ve ne yönde hareket ettikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Yararlanılan ikincil veriler sosyal medya kanallarında (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook vs.) ve diğer iletişim kaynaklarında paylaşılan resim, video, caps, yorum ve benzeri kaynaklardan toplanmıştır. Markaların koronavirüs salgınında hizmet ettikleri topluma nasıl destek oldukları, farkındalık oluşturmaya nasıl yardımcı oldukları ve bunları yaparken neyi amaçladıkları yine gözlemlere dayalı olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ise markaların, virüsün yayılmaması için farkındalık oluşturmaya yönelik yaptıkları tüm iletişim ve tutundurma çalışmalarının takdir edilesi bir yanının olduğu ancak yine de bu pandemi günleri geçtikten sonra tüketicilerin hafızalarında hatırlanan birkaç “iyi markadan” biri olmaya yönelik bir amaç güdüldüğü iddia edilmiştir. Çünkü markalar ve onların arkasında duran şirketlerin temelde kar amacı güden kuruluşlar olduğu göz önüne alındığında, yapılan bütün iletişim ve tutundurma faaliyetlerinin finansal getiri, pazar payı artışı, pozitif konumlandırma gibi amaçların güdülmesi olağan bir durum olarak karşılanabilir. Bu yüzden markalar hem farkındalık oluşturmak ve destek olmak hem de hayat normale döndüğünde arkalarında gurur duyacakları bir marka geçmişi bırakabilmek amacıyla bu faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğü iddia edilmektedir.
Student detachments are the most important factor in education of personality and specialist training
Authors: Averenkova N. V. , Kharlan V. B.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been an active revival of the movement of Student detachments. The authors, using the example of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Railway Transport — branch of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, share their experience in organizing student teams. Questions are raised about the potential of student detachments in solving modern problems related to the training of future specialists. By organizing student detachments in an educational institution, it is possible to carry out real practical training of students for future professional activities. Student detachments helps to establish mutually beneficial cooperation between the university and the future employer interested in obtaining highly qualified personnel for the industry. The role of construction detachments in the formation of personality and worldview of modern students, motivation of their behavior is described. The tendencies of the development of detachment life during the period of academic semesters are shown: creative festivals, sports days, intellectual contests, charity events. The work of students in the construction detachments makes it possible to prepare not only a highly qualified specialist, but also to bring up a harmonious personality. Prospects for the development of the student detachments in Russia are considered. The development and support of the student detachment movement is one of the most important vectors in modern life, it is strategically important, it educates student youth in the right direction, it is the popularization of labor as a means to ensure a reliable future for oneself, the education of patriotism.
İnovasyon, Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Ampirik İlişki: OECD Ülkeleri için Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: SERTÇELİK Şeyma , GÖKMEN Ahmet Münir
Published: June 2021

Günümüzde hem teknolojik ilerlemeler hem de rekabet düzeyleri dikkate alındığında, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinin en önemli unsurlarından birinin inovasyon olduğu görülmektedir. Bireylerin bilgi, beceri ve vasıfları ile ortaya koyduğu üretkenliği ifade eden beşeri sermaye ise, inovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme süreçlerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bugüne dek yapılan birçok çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisine odaklanmaktadır. Geniş kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılması ve ülkeler arası karşılaştırmalara yer verilerek politika önerilerinde bulunulabilmesi amacıyla bu çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinde inovasyon, beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi panel veri analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel hipotezi, ‘’inovasyon ve beşeri sermaye ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki vardır’’ şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Sırasıyla klasik model, sabit etkiler modeli ve rassal etkiler modeli tahmin edilmiş, ardından Hausman testi ile rassal etkiler modelinin etkin sonuçlar verdiği saptandığından, rassal etkiler modeliyle analize devam edilmiştir. Sonrasında varsayımlardan sapmaların tespiti gerçekleştirilmiş, robust standart hatalar kullanılarak nihai modele ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; inovasyon ve beşeri sermaye değişkenlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekonometrik modele dahil edilen değişkenlerin anlamlı sonuçlar vermesi, ekonomik büyümenin belirleyicileri olarak beşeri sermaye ve inovasyonun OECD ülkelerinin tamamı için önemli belirleyiciler olduğunu göstermektedir.
Yavuz Sultan Selim’in Şiirlerinde Hz. Peygamber
Authors: KALKANDELEN Ayşe Hilal
Published: June 2021

Şairler Hz. Peygamber’e duydukları sevgi ve saygıyı şiirleriyle ortaya koymuş, bu şiirler konuları ile edebiyatın temel kaynaklarından olmuştur. Özellikle mesnevilerde ve divanlarda tevhîd ve münâcâtlardan sonra Hz. Peygamber bütün güzel sıfatlarıyla anılmış, övülmüş, en güzel ifadelerle peygamber sevgisi dile getirilmiştir. Hayatı, kişiliği, mucizeleri ve savaşları ile şairlere ilham kaynağı olan Hz. Peygamber, pek çok edebî türe kaynaklık etmiş, XIII. yüzyıldan itibaren bütün divanlarda yer alarak zatına mahsus güzellikleri ile edebiyatı güzelleştirmiştir. Biz de XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun edebî güzelliğini göstermek amacıyla sultan şairlerden Yavuz Sultan Selim’i özellikle Hz. Peygamber’i anlattığı Farsça şiirleriyle gözler önüne getirmek istedik. I. Selim, yani Yavuz Sultan Selim, şair ve âlimlere değer verip, onları himaye eden, başarılarından dolayı mükâfatlandıran, kendisi de ince duygu ve düşüncelere sahip sultan şairlerdendir. O, şiirlerinde Hz. Peygamber’i samimiyetle, övgüyle, ona yakışır ifadelerle bilgi ve yeteneklerini de ortaya koyarak methetmiştir. Yavuz, na’tlarında Hz. Peygamber’in yüce varlığını ortaya koyarak ona olan sevgisini, bağlılığını, saygısını dile getirmiş, ona sığınmış ve şefaat dileğinde bulunmuştur.
Rehabilitation in oncology
Authors: Kamilova TA , Golota AS , Vologzhanin DA , Shneider OV , Scherbak SG
Published: June 2021

Current oncology and oncohematology treatment methods allow more patients to successfully survive the disease. However, afterwards, most survivors have to deal with a wide range of symptoms and side effects and need rehabilitation. Personalized rehabilitation programs for such patients employ various methods of physical medicine. Physical activity is an important component of the cancer patients' treatment and rehabilitation. It improves their functional health, specifically — physical performance, cognitive function, psychological health, and makes the quality of their lives better. Physical activity increases muscle strength, alleviates the radiation and chemotherapy side effects and relieves fatigue. Personalized exercise programs are employed to monitor patient's condition and exercise tolerance. Physical and cognitive rehabilitative interventions are performed simultaneously as part of interdisciplinary rehabilitative care, so this approach can have a synergistic effect. It is necessary to factor in contraindications when prescribing regular physical activity, exercise and other methods of rehabilitation, otherwise they can lead to clinical complications.
SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONAL NANOPARTICLES FOR APPLICATION IN INKJET PRINTING
Authors:   Institute for Nanotechnology, Vietnam National University -Ho Chi Minh City, Community 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Trinh Chinh Dung
Published: June 2021

Ag nanoflakes were synthesized by chemical reduction method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. The results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic (UV-Vis) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the obtained Ag nanoflakes had size of ~50 – 60 nm, thickness of 16 nm, with flake shape reached 96 %. The particles crystallized in cubic structure of Ag. The Ag nanoflakes synthesized with pH = 4 were dispersed stably after 60 days from synthesis. The properties of the obtained Ag nanoflakes were suitable for using them as conductive particles in fabrication of functional inks for electrohydrodynamic printing technique.
DETERMINATION OF SLOPE LENGTH AND STEEPNESS FACTOR (LS) FOR DURUJI RIVER BASIN
Authors:   Dr.,Professor, Georgian Technical University, ORCID: 0000-0002-6202-4580, Inashvili Irma
Published: June 2021

Based on the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and modern GIS technology (ArcGis 10.2.2.), the article presents a method for calculating the erosion potential of the relief (LS) of the Duruji river basin (north-eastern part of Georgia). The most erosion-hazardous areas have been identified, which is approximately 75.1% of the total area of ​​the Duruji river basin. It has been established that special attention should be paid to a detailed study of the identified erosional areas of the Duruji river basin, taking into account all the influencing factors on soil erosion for the successful design of erosion control measures.
Developing Vietnamese Agricultural Exports to the United States
Authors:   Hanoi Architectural University, Thuy Cu Thanh
Published: June 2021

The study aimed at analyzing the current status of Vietnam’s agricultural exports to the United States by focusing on some key agricultural products like coffee, vegetables, cashew, and rice. The Vietnamese export value of these items is relatively high, but in the period 2017-2020, export scale and value tend to decrease. Based on that study, the author has offered some solutions to develop Vietnam’s agricultural exports to the United States.
Deterring cheating using a complex assessment design: A case study
Authors: BJELOBABA Sonja
Published: June 2021

Attempts to translate written examinations normally conducted in a lecture hall to an online environment during emergency remote learning in response to COVID-19 have not proved entirely successful, and have led to a sharp increase in cases of suspected misconduct. This paper describes a case study which gives insights on the relationship between assessment design and academic integrity: Is it possible to deter students from cheating by means of assessment design? Previous research does promote certain assessment types, but also indicates that there is no single assessment type that students think is impossible to cheat on. The solution proposed in this paper is therefore to add complexity to the mixture. An alternative complex assessment design comprising several steps is introduced and exemplified by an assessment procedure piloted in a grammar course for preservice language teachers in mother tongue tuition. The design promotes academic integrity, signature pedagogy, student-centred learning, and collaboration within a community of practice in an online setting.
DYSTOPIAN THEME IN SOUTH KOREAN LITERATURE AND FILM
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Khanh
Published: June 2021

The theme Dystopia began as a response to Utopian theory, which isrelated to perfect communities. A dystopia is an imaginary community or society that is dehumanized and is therefore terrifying with people who are forced to battle for survivalin a ruined environment with technological control and oppression by the governing authority. Dystopian novels or films can challenge readers to think differently about the current social and political contexts, and can even promptpositive actions for the future of human beings. Recently, not only America and Europe but also South Korea has witnessed the increasing release of a range ofdystopian or post-apocalyptic films and novels. These creations reflect the harsh reality of our modern life in which human beings have to confront disasters, pandemics and problems of the modern industrialized society. Though usually set in a future scene, the dystopian theme can function as an open gate, an objection from the present, or as the “archaeology of the Future”. The success of South Korean literature and film on this topic claims the strong rise of SouthKorean wave in the world’s pop culture. It also shows that sci-fi works with dystopian theme can be seen as an anti-social discourse as well as their possibility of merging with the mainstream works.
THE HUMANE ASPIRATIONS IN ISAAC BABEL’S RED CAVALRY
Authors: Do Thi Huong
Published: June 2021

Isaac Babel is an exceptional Russian-Jewish writer of Russian literature. The writer himself and his best work Red Cavalry have truly become a remarkable phenomenon in Russian and world literature. Through Red Cavalry, Babel not only helps readers understand more about the life, the fighting process as well as the virtues and the ideal of the Red Army Cossack soldiers, but also allows them to see the human values, human nature, simple wishes and noble aspirations of people, especially the Jewish intellectuals in violent war situations. His readers, therefore, pay even more respect for this talented and brave writer, and at the same time, earn a more comprehensive view of a highly turbulent period of the Russian-Soviet literature. With an uncommon psychological view used in approaching the works written about war, this article hopes to highlight the issues mentioned above.
Study on the mechanism of public service emergency response to public health emergency. Take Wuhan as example
Authors:   Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China, Geng Hong , Fan Zaiyu ,   Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
Published: June 2021

With the frequent occurrence of epidemic diseases such as “SARS”, “H1N1”, “MERS”and“COVID19”, public health emergencies, which are characterized by large-scale, high risk, strong persistence and high risk, have become more and more obvious threats to the life and health of urban residents and put forward a huge test to the urban public service system. As the first city of COVID-19 human infection, the core of the epidemic spread and the worst-hit area, Wuhan is an ideal case study. Based on the analysis of the epidemic prevention and control actions in the first three months of the outbreak in Wuhan, this paper evaluates the vulnerability of the public service system and facilities in Wuhan. The results show that Wuhan is faced with many problems, such as the failure of community-level public service facilities, the imbalance of public service allocation in the central city, and the significant gap of graded service supply, when dealing with public health emergencies. Further studies found that due to the lack of dynamic early warning mechanism, the decoupling of public service construction from the urbanization process, the difficulty of service turnover and subsidence and other factors, the public service response was delayed. Based on these practical difficulties, this paper puts forward the construction path of the emergency response mechanism for the city level public service system, specifically including the following six key contents: (1) Improving the emergency plan path of the public service system; (2) Establishing the organizational structure of the emergency management system according to the administrative divisions; (3) Building a community-based mobilization system; (4) Establishing the regional joint defense and control interaction mechanism in public health emergencies; (5) Reserving appropriate strategic construction space; (6) Strengthening the emergency infrastructure construction. Finally, based on the path of emergency response mechanism, this paper proposes the corresponding city wide spatio-temporal prevention and control network strategy, so as to provide a reference for the realization of city health and order.
Explore on design method of eco-renewal projects in European block level
Authors:   Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute, China, Zhao Qian
Published: June 2021

China has entered the era of ecological civilization, it is necessary to explore a path of sustainable development. This study collect block level cases of environment improvement in Europe from the UN - HABITAT Best Practices Database. On this basis, complement other related research. In addition, supplement the eco-renewal cases by my on-the-spot investigation in Europe. Collect all cases together, and cancel the cases which are out of topic, ultimately select 41 cases of the block level, finally establish the case base of eco-renewal projects in block level. Then, refine the design methods of eco-renewal from each case, collect and sort the methods from above cases to summarize and concise universal ecological design method, to explore the sustainable ecological design rules and regularities of distribution. My study provides the advanced ecological spectrum of design methods for China's city blocks sustainable update. Make a contribution to the urban transformation development of developing countries in the future.
Historical perspectiveness: characteristics identification and overall protection of historical cities from the perspective of spatial translation. Shipu, Zhejiang
Authors: Yi Xiaoya
Published: June 2021

The rapid development of Chinese cities in the past three decades has caused the transformation of the structure of historical urban spaces, resulting in the fragmentation of historical environment and the blurring of historical pattern. This study proposes to use the epistemology of historical prescriptiveness to recognize the characteristics of urban historical environment, so as to effectively protect the city as a whole. Historical prescriptiveness refers to the spatialtemporal correlation effect in the process of urban historical environment change, which makes the current historical elements of the city present as a whole with hierarchy, structure and system. This kind of epistemology is most prominent in ancient maps. The schema-symbol relation can express the paradigm of traditional structure, the schema-symbol choice can express the order of multiple symbols, and the schema-symbol intention can express the meaning of camp city culture. Based on these potential criteria, this study summarizes the logical relations and existing forms of the old and new elements in urban space, and then explores the historical prescriptive content. The specific content of historical prescriptiveness is embodied in the following aspects: the implicit control of the historical pattern in spatial positioning, the transformation and recognition of historical elements in evolutionary comparison, and the inheritance and continuation of urban memory in the extraction of connotations. Taking the ancient city of Shipu in Zhejiang as an example, the study explores the characteristics of the ancient city of Shipu from three aspects: the succession of Haiphong’s fortification and city-port structure, the alienation of the texture of the ancient towns and streets of Jiangnan, the rejuvenation of the city with the reappearance of culture in eastern Zhejiang. Based on this case, this study proposes a holistic conservation idea of historical city in the modern context of "space and time compression".
Significance of cultural heritage assets in the definition of urban morphology. A case of Egba-Ake in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Anifowose Titilayo
Published: June 2021

This study defined morphological importance of cultural heritage assets and formation of Egba-Ake town. Cultural heritages include man’s physical imaginative products which can be touched and seen include buildings, crafts, tools, ivory, cowries, paintings, textiles, pestles, mortars, food, wooden objects, tombs & grave goods, temples, dresses, pottery & potsherd pavements, monuments, books and artifacts. Morphology are factors that influence city/community formation which are determined by synthetic and natural determinants. Cultural heritage assets are whatever is valued by people today that was also cherished by former generations. This research explored the importance of cultural heritage assets in relation to urban fabrics formation of Egba-Ake. Qualitative method was adopted in this study, in-depth interviews and personal observation was used for data collection while Nvivo words tree and satellite imagery was used to analyze collected data. Ake’s palace and Itoku market is located at the center around which the Egba-Ake evolved. Ake’s Palace (political and cultural hub of the town) and Itoku market (the economic heritage of the town) was used to preserve various aspects of Egba-Ake cultural heritage. Ela festival (new yam festival) is annually celebrated cultural activity in Egba-Ake. This finding is relevant to policy makers as it allows the support of potential common structures for heritage administration in Egba-Ake. Effect of heritage in EgbaAke morphology is the new palace of Alake (the cultural ruler) of Egba-Ake were renovated and new once built a few years ago with modern architectural designs, furniture and fittings. This has made the Alake’s Palace to meet ‘international standards’. Social amenities and infrastructures like electricity supply, water systems, hospitals, good roads, administrative offices, schools; communication networks, etc. are now a major feature in Egba-Ake town. Further studies will enhance the implementation issues which may arise from the creation of a framework for cultural heritage management, with emphasis on risk management and risk reduction of cultural heritage.
What is the quality of a city? Ways of thinking spaces that change
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Contin Antonella , Galiulo Valentina ,   Politecnico di Milano
Published: June 2021

Understanding the effects of a metropolis' changes in scale - the rate of growth and its speed - rather than pursuing the search for optimal city size, is mandatory. The New Urban Agenda discussed performance dimensions of the contemporary city’s functioning mode, knowing that place quality derives from a mutual effect with the society that uses it. However, our research focuses on how city performance dimensions can be measured to establish the values of the metropolitan form that are capable of endowing metropolitan projects with meaning. The Metropolitan Paradigm of inter-scalar connection and the Metropolitan Architecture Project Hybrid Typology are the references to measure the metropolis’ performance. The Metropolitan Paradigm concerns the five city dimensions: physical, economic, energetic, social and governance. In particular, the aim of the paper is to study the physical metropolitan framework and its impact on the lives of metropolitan inhabitants, socio-economic flows and the meaning of the concept of "environment" today. The city is still analysed as a spatial phenomenon represented by data/quantities related to space. Nevertheless, the value of form plays a fundamental role within the Metropolitan Discipline at all scales, as spatial relationships within metropolitan settlements are increasingly not metric but relational. In conclusion, we study the connection between history and geography, environmental issues, the Metropolitan Structural Paradigm, and the new Public Realm heterogeneous elements to represent the metropolitan quality and living-related values that constitute the Metropolitan Democracy’s opportunity.
Techno-material and socio-environmental model for assessing urban sustainability
Authors:   Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand, Wagner Cesar
Published: June 2021

The term “sustainable development” first appeared as part of discussions regarding the capacity of natural ecosystems to support the current model of economic growth, assuming a strong concern with the preservation of the planet's environmental structures. Initially, these concerns were conceived on a global scale, but soon the need to bring the discussions to the urban locus - the impact of large human agglomerations on the territory and its natural resources - was realized. Thus, the local scale gained importance, since most of the environmental problems originate in the local urban structures and through the lifestyle that they advocate. Cities are serious consumers and degraders of the natural ecosystem, waterproofing soils, polluting the atmosphere, altering the landscape and consuming resources. Based on studies produced by French geographer Cyria Emelianoff and Brazilian economist Henri Acselrad, on the systematization of different representations and practices in urban sustainability, this research paper aims to introduce the design and development of an evaluation model able to assess the degree of sustainability using a techno-material and socio-environmental set of criteria. This model is intended to serve as a benchmark for both the formulation and evaluation of plans, projects and public policies focused on genuine sustainable development.
Nature connectedness and ecosystem services towards urban planning for residents' health in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Coker Mosunmola , Bolanle Wahab ,   University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: June 2021

In the urban context, nature is not entirely devoid of human influence or inaccessible to man, rather, nature exists in urban areas and does not only survive the influence of man but also depends on it. An individual’s subjective sense of their relationship with the places of nature within a city explains the concept of nature- connectedness. In the wake of rapid urbanization around the world, spaces of natural features in urban areas have been constantly overtaken by the developments and activities of man. There is a link between the number of ecosystem services provided by the mapped natural features and residents’ nature connectedness in the Lagos Metropolis. To understand this, spaces of natural features in the Lagos metropolis have to be examined with focus on how it is environmentally safe, how it improves human health and also the level of its accessibility to the residents. To improve health and well-being, there is need to strengthen the evidence of how nature affects health and promote preventative health contribution made by protected areas and elements of urban nature.
The Galena Objects from Neolithic Ulucak: The Earliest Metallic Finds in Western Turkey
Authors: ÇEVİK Özlem , DİRİCAN Murat , ULUBEY Aydın , VURUŞKAN Osman
Published: June 2021

The earliest metal finds in central and eastern Anatolia are small copper and malachite beads dating from the 9th millennium BC onwards. However, the presence of metallic finds in Neolithic contexts from western Anatolia are rarely known. An analysis of metallic finds from Ulucak Höyük shows that galena was used at the site from the early 7th millennium BC to the early 6th millennium BC. Objects made of galena from initial phases at the site are considered personal ornaments, while an

increasing number of galena lumps in relation to ovens were found in later phases. Thus, galena finds from Ulucak Höyük suggest that at first this raw material seemed to have been perceived as an exotic “stone”, while a full understanding of its properties may have been developed later.
A Unique Roman Folding Knife Handle with Eagle Ornament from Philadelphia in Cilicia
Authors: CANLI Handegül
Published: June 2021

Numerous artefacts were discovered inside a pit located in the necropolis of ancient Philadelphia, which belonged to Cilicia from time to time. This study suggests that the pit might be a votive deposit of some kind with objects placed within it in a planned sequence. The folding knife, which is one of the many metal finds discovered in this pit and the subject of this study, is a unique find never recorded before in Asia Minor. Its handle bears an eagle figure, which also makes it unique. Folding knives are found at Roman garrison sites in Germania and Britannia, and the figures depicted on their handles vary. The Philadelphia folding knife is associated with military iconography and also with the cult of the dead.
A Traveller in One’s Homeland: Local Interest in Archaeology and Travel Writing in the Ottoman Greek World in 19th Century Anatolia
Authors: OZİL Ayşe
Published: June 2021

This article examines local scholarly interest in archaeology and travel writing in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. It concentrates on the work of an Ottoman Greek intellectual from the provinces, i.e. a travelogue entitled Periegesis eis tin Pamphylian (“Travels in Pamphylia”) written by Dimitri E. Danieloğlu, who belonged to one of the leading Greek families of Antalya in southern Anatolia. By examining this work and focusing on the profile of an Ottoman Greek writer in the provinces,
this essay explores the practical meanings and outcomes of modernization, intertwined with a civilizational discourse and modes of local Orientalism. Particularly, the essay dwells on what was possibly local and Greek in this story and aims to situate Periegesis in a broader historical context. It discusses the connection of Periegesis to the European travelogue genre, the emergence of an investigative attention to ancient remains and contemporary society among the educated classes of the empire, and developments in the Ottoman Greek intellectual milieu in the 19th century.
Development and initial validation of the Subjective Academic Wellbeing Measure: A new tool of youth wellbeing in school
Authors: Arslan Gökmen , Yıldırım Murat , Majercakova Albertova Silvia
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the preliminary development and validation of the Subjective Academic Wellbeing Measure (SAWM), which is a six-item self-report rating measure intended for use as a screening tool to assess the positive academic functioning of young people within the elementary and high school context. Exploratory factor analysis was performed with Sample 1 (N= 161), indicating that the SAWM was characterized by a unidimensional measurement model and had strong factor loadings. Results from confirmatory factor analysis, which was carried out with Sample 2 (N= 199), confirmed the measurement model by yielding good data-model fit statistics that were characterized by strong latent construct and internal reliability estimates. Further analyses showed that the scale had good convergent validity considering scores from several self-reported scales of student mental health problems and positive school functioning. Further analyses also showed that configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance were observed across gender groups. These results provide initial evidence suggesting that the SAWM is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess the positive academic functioning of students within the school context. Implications are discussed, and some suggestions are provided for future research and practice
Late prematuriteit: een risicopopulatie?
Authors: DEVOCHT B. , SMETS K. , GARABEDIAN L.
Published: June 2021

Late preterm infant: a population at risk?

Late preterm infants, infants born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation, were called near term before 2005, which may lead to the assumption that they are mature and an underestimation of their risks.

Late preterm infants are physiologically and metabolically immature. Compared to term infants they have increased morbidity rates, including problems such as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, feeding difficulties and respiratory and immunological issues. In late preterm infants there are increased mortality rates, prolonged hospitalizations at birth, more readmissions and higher healthcare costs. The infants also have a higher risk of neurological and developmental problems and long-term respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic difficulties.

Despite their relative size and apparently mature appearance, late preterm infants should not be treated like term infants. They require careful monitoring immediately after birth, as well as during childhood and even adolescence.

Child-birth should not be scheduled during the late preterm period without medical indication. The risk of continuing the pregnancy must be weighed against the risk of premature birth. The prevention and a better monitoring of late preterm infants can lead to healthcare savings.
How to Prepare for the SCE in Neurology
Authors:   University of Bristol, Ball Harriet , islam Mahjabin ,   Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Zarkali Angelika ,   St George's Hospital, London
Published: June 2021

A significant milestone in specialty training and necessary in the road to becoming a Consultant Neurologist, the Specialty Certificate Examination in Neurology is a useful opportunity for revision and improvement of clinical knowledge and clinical reasoning skills but can be an anxiety-inducing experience for many trainees. Here we provide a collection of resources and tips that were useful in our own preparation for the SCE. This is still based on our personal experiences and represents a biased view so bear this in mind when you are constructing your own tailored revision plan! We apologise if in places we are stating the obvious, but we hope this will be of use to those contemplating the exam from different locations and circumstances.
Anthropologie et psychanalyse
Authors: Leze Samuel
Published: June 2021

Les rapports passés entre anthropologie et psychanalyse ont ordinairement mené à une application d’une discipline à l’autre, mobilisant une version unilatérale et restreinte en anthropologie psychanalytique comme en ethnopsychiatrie. Plus récemment, un rapport nouveau a développé un programme empirique d'anthropologie des psychanalystes.
Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Stratejik Bir İş Birliği: Rus-Hint İlişkileri
Authors: Yengeç Ersin Büşra
Published: June 2021

Rus-Hint ilişkileri çok eski dönemlere dayanmakla birlikte, diplomatik olarak Hindistan’ın bağımsızlığını kazanmasıyla, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB) döneminde başlamıştır. İlişkilerde o dönemden sonra oldukça önemli gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Özellikle ekonomik, teknik, askeri iş birliği anlamında olumlu gelişmeler meydana gelmiştir. İki ülke, karşılıklı ziyaretleri ile ilişkileri canlandırmaya çalışmıştır. Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki ilişkiler ise Hint lider Nehru dönemi ile başlayıp, SSCB’nin dağılışına kadar devam eden süreci içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu dönemde meydana gelen, Hindistan’ın yaşadığı problemlere yönelik Rus tarafın tepkileri çok önemli bir nokta olmuştur. Uluslararası sistemde bağımsız bir ülke olarak ortaya çıkan Hindistan’ın o dönemde en büyük destekçilerinden biri de SSCB’dir. SSCB’nin Hindistan’a Soğuk Savaş döneminde gerçekleştirdiği yardımlar, Hindistan’ı ayakta tutmaya imkân sağlamış ve bu da ilişkilerde dostane havayı beraberinde getirmiştir. İlişkilerdeki bu dostluk havası ilerleyen dönemlerde çeşitli konularda stratejik anlamda hamle yapabilmelerini sağlamıştır. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş dönemi öncesinde Hindistan’a yerleşen komünist fikirler, zamanla farklı görüşlere dönüşse de tarihsel açıdan hem halk hem de Hint liderler nezdinde önemli etkiler bırakarak sonraki dönemlere de bu etkilerin taşınmasına neden olmuştur. Bu makale Rus-Hint ilişkilerini Soğuk Savaş dönemine odaklanarak özetlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen önemli olaylar ve ortaya çıkan iş birliği alanları ele alınmıştır.
CAPACIDADES DINÂMICAS EM COOPERATIVAS: ADAPTANDO-SE AS MUDANÇAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS / Dynamic Capabilities in Cooperatives: Adapting to contemporary changes
Authors: Ramborger Bibiana Melo , Borba Marcelo Costa , Ramos Josefa Edileide Santos , Kindlein Liris
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo analisa métodos e técnicas que influenciam na eficiência das cooperativas, as capacidades dinâmicas. Relacionadas as suas atividades rotineiras para prestarem serviços aos seus cooperados e público frente às inovações e adaptação as mudanças contemporâneas. Os resultados confirmam que as capacidades dinâmicas viabilizam práticas significativas para os gerentes e gestores de cooperativas, no fortalecimento da posição na cadeia de valor e aumento da conscientização sobre a resiliência mercadológica. As cooperativas ao adaptar-se as mudanças contemporâneas, desenvolvem uma tipologia de sustentabilidade significativas no desenvolvimento de novos mercados. Assim, as capacidades dinâmicas auxiliam no descarte de recursos obsoletos e inúteis, substituindo-os por novos recursos ou fazendo melhor uso dos existentes. Outra consideração, é que essas capacidades dinâmicas devem ser gradualmente implantadas à medida que as outras se consolidam. Portanto, as capacidades dinâmicas são avanços em uma estrutura multidisciplinar para explicar o desempenho cooperativo a longo prazo.
PERFIL ECONÔMICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO MUNICIPAL / Economic profile of municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its influence on municipal development
Authors: Dresch Leonardo de Oliveira , Fagundes Mayra Batista Bitencourt
Published: June 2021

O estado de Mato Grosso do Sul possuí 79 municípios e uma grande relevância das atividades econômicas relacionadas a agropecuária. Existe uma grande disparidade de desenvolvimento entre suas regiões e municípios. O problema que este artigo busca abordar é desvelar a relação entre o perfil produtivo dos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul, tendo por referência o valor adicionado por setor, e a influência relativa destes em seu nível de desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise cross section no ano de 2016 incluindo 15 variáveis, submetidas a estatística descritiva, testes de correlação e um algoritmo de árvore de decisão com poda direta. Os principais resultados apontam que municípios em que o setor indústria se destaca em relação a média estadual possuem influência positiva no PIB per capita, emprego e renda e no próprio desenvolvimento municipal, por outro lado, a especialização no setor público apresenta influência negativa nestes mesmos aspectos.