bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de un programa social en infancia desde los principios de la Psicología Comunitaria
Authors: Olivares Bárbara , Reyes-Espejo María Isabel
Published: December 2024

(analítico): Presentamos un estudio de caso cuyo propósito es analizar, en el marco de la Psicología Comunitaria, el diseño e implementación de un programa público chileno, llamado Programa de Prevención Comunitaria, que depende del Servicio Nacional de Menores.Metodológicamente, la investigación la orientamos cualitativamente, recurriendo a fuentes primarias (entrevistas y grupos focales) y secundarias (documentos técnicos), en el marco de la Teoría Fundada Empíricamente, para reconstruir el modelo de intervención del Programa de Prevención Comunitaria como un continuo histórico. Concluimos que el estudio de caso ha permitido profundizar en las dimensiones técnicas, éticas y políticas que participan en la producción e implementación de un programa público, que logra inscribir una lógica de derechos, proponiendo un conjunto de intervenciones innovadoras que superan las perspectivas tutelares de la infancia en riesgo.
Os significados do uso de álcool entre jovens quilombolas
Authors: Amorim da Silva Roseane , De Araújo Menezes Jaileila
Published: December 2024

(analítico): Este estudo buscou investigar os significados do uso de álcool entre os jovens de duas comunidades quilombolas, Castainho e Estivas, localizadas em Garanhuns/PE.A pesquisa é qualitativa e foi desenvolvida em dois momentos. No primeiro realizamos observação participante nas comunidades, em seguida entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens e mulheres jovens. Os dados foram analisados com base na Interseccionalidade de gênero, classe social e raça/ etnia. Os jovens fazem uso de álcool em diferentes momentos e com diversas finalidades: enfrentar situações difíceis, lidar com estados emocionais desagradáveis, se divertirem, socializarem com os amigos e outras. Ressaltamos os efeitos dos marcadores sociais, gênero, classe e raça/etnia nas vivências dos jovens que repercutem no uso de álcool e a importância de considerar esses fatores nas práticas de prevenção e promoção de saúde na busca de contribuir a qualidade de vida da juventude.
Evaluación Política Pública de Juventud de Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Otálvaro-Marín Bairon , Vergara-Argotty Claudia Elena
Published: December 2024

(analítico): En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la evaluación de la Política Pública de Juventud del municipio de Santiago de Cali (Colombia) entre el período 2006-2013, analizando los avances y limitantes que posee la administración local para responder a las demandas de este sector poblacional. Los marcos conceptuales utilizados en este ejercicio, los orientamos a valorar, significar y producir conocimiento sobre la participación e interacción de juventud en esta política pública. La metodología construida es cualitativa, a fin de comprender desde la perspectiva de los actores los procesos y resultados de las intervenciones sociales realizadas. El principal resultado de esta evaluación, consiste en el desconocimiento de la Política de Juventud por parte del mundo adulto e institucional, así como la ausencia de sistemas de información que orienten la toma de decisiones.
Jóvenes frente al mundo: Las tecnologías digitales como soporte de la vida cotidiana
Authors: Lemus Magdalena
Published: December 2024

(analytical): This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the ways young people face the world. Using a qualitative approach, the authors conducted in-depth personal interviews with high school students from La Plata and Gran La Plata (Argentina). These interviews were analyzed using Martuccelli's "supportâ€ notion to gain insight into the processes of appropriation of digital technologies among young people. The main findings of the study suggest that the appropiation of digital technologies help young people sustain their daily existence through: a) the construction and expression of self identification and interests; b) management of relationships and membership in peer groups, and c) the pursuit of "always being up to dateâ€.
Key words: youth, communication technologies, sociology student (thesaurus Unesco).
Futuros posibles, el potencial creativo de niñas y niños para la construcción de paz
Authors: Ospina-Ramírez David Arturo , Ospina-Alvarado María Camila
Published: December 2024

(descriptive): This article presents some of the results of a study that seeks to denaturalize violence as a fundamental element of the subjectivity of girls and boys in contexts of armed conflict. The study recognizes the capabilities of children and their socializing agents to contribute to processes of peace-building, democracy and reconciliation by making use of the resources of social constructionism and generative narratives. The research has a qualitative methodology that draws on hermeneutics and critical guidance using the categorical analysis of narratives. This article focuses on the potential of human development for peace-building that children use in situations of armed conflict, and specifically focuses on the creative potential for conflict transformation. The study found that the children and their families contribute to peace-building processes by using their creativity and affection to find possible futures.
Key words: Childhood, peace-building, creativity, social change, war (Unesco Social Science Thesaurus).
La autoridad: Verla en televisión y vivirla en familia
Authors: Duarte-Duarte Jakeline , Jurado-Jurado Juan Carlos
Published: December 2024

(descriptivo): Este artículo de carácter analítico presenta resultados de una investigación hermenéutica cuyo objetivo fue comprender el sentido que le otorgan padres, madres, niños y niñas de distintos estratos socioeconómicos de Medellín y Envigado a las representaciones de autoridad agenciadas por la televisión. Los alcances de la investigación se orientan a desentrañar el papel cultural de la televisión en la configuración de las relaciones intergeneracionales. Se realizaron entrevistas y grupos focales y se halló que la televisión muestra un mundo infantil autonomizado definido por sus propias normas y relaciones igualitarias entre adultos y niños en contravía de las jerárquicas de la vida familiar. A pesar de su alto consumo, la televisión no es una mediación para la autoridad parental lo que replantea la postura tecnocéntrica adjudicada al medio.
Vocación ocupacional y género en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez María del Carmen , Sánchez-Rivas Enrique , Labajos-Manzanares María Teresa
Published: December 2024

(analítico): El proceso de elección vocacional está conformado por varios elementos, tales como rasgos de personalidad, intereses vocacionales, aptitudes y habilidades. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la relación entre la vocación y el género en una muestra española de 156 estudiantes de primer curso de las titulaciones de Ciencias de la Salud de Enfermería, Fisioterapia, Podología y Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de Málaga. La metodología es cuantitativa y el alcance de esta investigación es descriptivo. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario The Oregon Vocational Interest Scales (Orvis). Los resultados indicaron que hay diferencias significativas en algunas dimensiones tras realizar la prueba T-Student: Liderazgo (F=6.532; p=0.012), Organización (F=3.818; p=0.05) y Aventura (F=4.211; p=0.029). No obstante, discutimos la necesidad de realizar estudios que contemplen otras variables que puedan influir.
E Com Cinco ou Seis Retas...Reflexões sobre o desenho na Arquitetura
Authors: Paz Daniel Juracy Mellado
Published: December 2024

El artículo averigua la posibilidad de estudiar la arquitectura a través de la representación, más concretamente a través del dibujo, como una forma de reducción, física y simbólica, reconociendo la particularidad del oficio y con el fin de explorar la idiosincrasia de los arquitectos creadores. De las diversas maneras en que se puede entender la representación, verla como una pararrealidad virtual auxiliar es la que mejor nos permite, en paralelo al estudio de los propios edificios, comprender la poética del arquitecto.
A lógica da favela e o projeto: o caso de Parque Royal, RJ
Authors: Carvalho Solange
Published: December 2024

Este artículo discute el papel del proyecto en el proceso de mejoramiento de las favelas, tomando como caso de estudio la favela Parque Royal, en Río de Janeiro, urbanizada en la década de 1990 por el programa Favela Bairro. Se observa que las transformaciones en el territorio, que ocurren al margen del proyecto y de la reglamentación urbana, comprometen la calidad del ambiente urbano resultante. Se verifica la expansión de la ocupación, la construcción y densificación poblacional, la (re)ocupación de espacios públicos y de preservación. Se concluye que el control urbano público es frágil frente a la lógica de la favela, la dinámica del mercado informal y las acciones de los agentes que controlan el territorio. Se argumenta que el proyecto, al asumir la lógica de la favela como una realidad, y no como un problema a controlar, podría contribuir a la formulación de pactos y a la construcción de una gestión compartida destinada a garantizar la calidad de las mejorías urbanas resultantes de los proyectos.
Urbanismo y política en contextos de transición democrática en Argentina: abordajes relacionales y comparativos (1986-1989).
Authors: Jajamovich Guillermo Paz , Menazzi María Luján
Published: December 2024

Centrando-se nos cruzamentos entre técnica e política em contextos de transição democrática, o artigo analisa de forma comparativa e relacional a Transferência da Capital de Buenos Aires para Viedma - Carmen de Patagones, o concurso '20 ideias para Buenos Aires' e o início de Puerto Madero entre 1986 e 1989. A abordagem dessas propostas revela redes diferentes e coexistentes de especialistas - e não seqüências lineares de mudanças de paradigmas - que utilizam diferentes diagnósticos e promovem diferentes soluções para os problemas urbanos - e/ou regionais, conforme o caso -, ao mesmo tempo em que associam suas posições a questões-chave do contexto político. Com base em fontes primárias e secundárias e numa perspetiva qualitativa e interpretativa, defende-se que não existe um urbanismo democrático único. Pelo contrário, diversas iniciativas procuram implantar, contestar e posicionar-se como as formas técnicas que irão reforçar a democracia.
Interface dos riscos urbanos: fundamentos, métodos e análises aplicadas a interdependências em infraestruturas
Authors: Moreira Renata
Published: December 2024

El artículo sistematiza investigaciones que analizaron el panorama nacional e internacional de la gestión de riesgos; conceptos e instrumentos de gestión de riesgos y posible integración con instrumentos de planificación y gestión urbana; desarrolló análisis cuantitativos de datos de ocurrencia de desastres y análisis cualitativos de casos estratégicos en el RMSP y identificó que, cuando hay una implicación de funciones infraestructurales en el contexto del desastre, los impactos son considerablemente mayores y requieren la producción de nuevos conocimientos. Esta sistematización presenta: contexto de casos, conceptos y procedimientos internacionales en gestión de riesgos, formulaciones metodológicas para las nociones de efectos de interdependencias entre sistemas y susceptibilidades en cascada, consideradas prometedoras para el campo de la planificación urbana para contribuir al campo de la gestión de riesgos. Finalmente, el artículo presenta la aplicación metodológica a través de la acción de extensión para el contexto de la Región Metropolitana Norte de São Paulo.
The Power of Poor AI: Exploring the Potential for Defiance and the Nature of Disruption
Authors: Lin Ziyao
Published: December 2024

This article explores the concept of “Poor AI,” drawing inspiration from Hito Steyerl’s notion of “Poor Images,” and examines the hidden digital labor within artificial intelligence (AI) development, revealing how AI systems, fueled by data collected from the digital proletariat, shape a force with the potential to disrupt established norms and challenge hierarchies. The hidden labor behind AI’s efficiency and its alignment with capitalist interests is uncovered. This investigation sheds light on the paradox of AI’s power, which simultaneously empowers and diminishes human agency, and its acceleration of inequality within the digital economy.
Sinitic Buddhist Liturgy in a Mongolian Guise: A Newly Discovered Mongolian Text Related to the Huayan Repentance Liturgy from Toyuq, Xinjiang
Authors: Xia Lidong , Huang Mengji , Wang Long
Published: December 2024

In 2015, a long scroll written in Uyghur-Mongolian script, along with a few fragments of a similar codicological type, was excavated at the site of Toyuq in Turfan. The Mongolian text that survives in the manuscripts is identified as part of an important Buddhist liturgical text that has come down to us in Chinese, Tangut, and Old Uyghur. This finding not only presents us for the first time with a Mongolian version of this liturgical text, but also allows us to further identify another fragmentary Mongolian manuscript acquired in Turfan in the early twentieth century that is currently housed at the Lüshun Museum in China as part of the same liturgical text. Aside from introducing the newly discovered manuscripts and explaining their archaeological context, this article also discusses the historical significance of the discovery and the new light it sheds on the history of the transmission and reception of the text.
Daoism in Sichuan: Leshan, Emeishan, and Li Xiyue’s Community in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Valussi Elena
Published: December 2024

Sichuan and the surrounding region of south-west China has long been an active center of religious knowledge production, a node of religious networks that originate and/or develop within it and extend beyond it, and has given birth to important religious movements. This article attempts to uncover a part of the history of Daoism in Sichuan that has not been fully analyzed, in terms of the geographical area, the time period, the community, and the practices described. It discusses Li Xiyue 李西月 (1806–1856) an influential teacher, scholar and practitioner, and his community, the Western School of Daoism, located in the area of Leshan 樂山 and devoted to two popular gods: Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 and Lüzu 呂祖. This article gives a comprehensive overview of this community through the description of its involvement in spirit writing and religious publishing, locating their activities in the wider constellation of communities also receiving and publishing religious scriptures in Sichuan. The article also recovers and makes more visible a different religious identity for mountains like Leshan and Emei, which have mostly been described as Buddhist, by highlighting how a Daoist community also inhabited, used, and was inspired by these places and spaces.
Diversifying Clean Hydrogen. Regulatory Barriers for a Circular Hydrogen Economy
Authors: Martín Morán Álvaro
Published: December 2024

As part of its pursuit of climate neutrality, the EU is promoting hydrogen as a key energy vector. Thus far, it has focused mainly on renewable hydrogen that is produced via electrolysis. There are plentiful opportunities to apply the principles of the circular economy to the production of hydrogen and, thus, to diversify the available modes of hydrogen production. However, the current regulation of hydrogen does not adhere to the principle of technological neutrality, which creates a risk of path dependency and may stifle innovation in the future.
Towards a Sustainable, Integrated, and Decarbonized Energy System in the EU: Addressing Structural Challenges Through Hydrogen System Planning
Authors: Jiménez Casanova Paola
Published: December 2024

The development of the hydrogen system in the EU is part of a larger strategy to transition into an integrated, sustainable, and decarbonized energy system. This article argues that two crises that the EU is facing, the first environmental and climatic and the second revolving around security of supply, are influencing the planning of the hydrogen system. These crises have increased the urgency with which the EU seeks to make the energy sector sustainable and to bolster energy security in the region. However, the implementation of the internal market for hydrogen is liable to run into several challenges. This article focuses on Hydrogen System Planning and the challenges that the EU Hydrogen Backbone may face from a regulatory perspective. The EU institutions and the Member States must confront those challenges as robustly as possible if they are to avoid hindering the development of an integrated, carbon-neutral, and sustainable hydrogen system.
Is Public Participation in Hydrogen Matters (Un)just? Evaluating the Ex-/inclusion of the Vulnerable and Marginalised Individuals in the Hydrogen Decision-Chains of the EU, Spain and Germany
Authors: Forns Gómez Alba , Rehage Ruben
Published: December 2024

The right to public participation was born as a right to participate in the decision making of policies, plans and projects potentially affecting the environmental protection. The latest European Union advancements on climate mitigation through the deployment of a green hydrogen transition can have effects on the environment and thus public participation shall have a role in tailoring the next hydrogen economy. Within the new currents of policy and scholarship, energy transitions should be just and include the vulnerable and/or marginalised individuals of society. Equitable and inclusive participatory processes ensure not only that environmental effects of a hydrogen economy are prevented but also that these unprivileged societal groups are part of the hydrogen transition. This article analyses to what extent disadvantaged groups of society are effectively included and can individually participate in the EU, Spain and Germany’s hydrogen decision-making chains. Instead of providing tailored measures for vulnerable individuals, the three jurisdictions apply a one-size-fits-all approach, i.e. treating everyone the same way, and thus, perpetrating (in)equality of opportunities in a hydrogen economy.
Accelerating Authorizations vs. Public Participation in the Decision-Making Chain of Renewable Hydrogen in Germany and Spain: a Dilemma
Authors: Rehage Ruben , Forns Gómez Alba
Published: December 2024

In order to accelerate the planning of renewable energy projects, the European Union and the Member States attribute legal constructs like ‘overriding public interest’ or ‘general or public interest’ to individual energy projects such as renewable hydrogen infrastructure. The aim of these constructs is to accelerate the authorization process. However, this is often at the expense of public participation, which creates an acceleration dilemma: Attempts to accelerate planning could provoke more resistance from the public, potentially slowing down the development and uptake of climate policies.
Transhumanism and Endangered Human Dignity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Climate Crisis
Authors: Hong Liang
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces transhumanism and its central concerns in the age of artificial intelligence and climate crisis, and the four essays in this issue, revealing how they collectively offer critical reflections on transhumanism from the perspective of theological anthropology and Chinese culture.
First record of the genus Cymadusa Savigny, 1816 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae) from Japan, with redescription and DNA barcoding for C. imbroglio Rabindranath, 1972.
Authors: KODAMA MASAFUMI , KODAMA NAOKO , MUKAIDA YUKIKO , HOSOKI TAKUYA K. , NAKAMOTO KENTA , TANITA IWAO , YAMADA HIDEAKI
Published: December 2024

The ampithoid amphipod Cymadusa imbroglio Rabindranath, 1972 was collected from Ishigaki Island, southwest Japan, as the first Japanese record of the genus. The specimens collected from Ishigaki Island also represent the northernmost record of the species. We herein provide a detailed description and illustration of the specimens from Ishigaki Island. Sequences of COI were determined from two specimens for DNA barcoding and future taxonomic studies.
A new genus and rare genera of Macrocentrinae from the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: OANH NGUYEN THI , LONG KHUAT DANG , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , NGHIEP HOANG THI , HIEP NGUYEN DUC
Published: December 2024

The description of Neurogoniella van Achterberg & Long, gen. nov. (Braconidae: Macrocentrinae) designated type species: Macrocentrus crassinervis Nixon, 1950), is based on the holotype from India and a recently collected series from Vietnam. For the redescription a female of M. crassinervis Nixon from Vietnam is used. Additionally, Leptozele radiellanus (He & Chen) comb. nov. and Rectizele parki van Achterberg are newly recorded for Vietnam’s fauna. Leptozele radiellanus is redescribed and illustrated, and a key to Oriental macrocentrine genera is provided.
Efficacy of tailored educational interventions in changing conflict management strategies among operating room staff
Authors: Imani Behzad , Sabet ghadam Mahshid , Gomrokchi Alireza Yousof , Maddineshat Maryam
Published: December 2024

Background

Workplace conflicts, especially in hospital environments, pose significant challenges to both staff productivity and well-being. The complex nature of healthcare environments, combined with diverse team dynamics, makes effective conflict management crucial. Previous studies suggest that structured educational interventions can help mitigate conflicts and foster better working conditions.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions, specifically in conflict management and emotional intelligence training, on reducing workplace conflicts and improving coping strategies among hospital nurses.

Methods

The study involved four stages: (1) Problem identification through interviews and literature review, (2) Use of demographic data and conflict assessment tools including the Dobrin Job Conflict, Jehn's Interpersonal Conflict, and Putnam & Wilson's Conflict Management Strategies Questionnaire, (3) Conducting workshops focused on conflict resolution and emotional intelligence, and (4) Assessing the intervention's impact through paired t-tests and statistical analyses.

Results

The intervention significantly reduced relational, task-related, and procedural conflicts. Following the workshops, the use of non-confrontation and control strategies decreased, while problem-solving strategies became more prevalent. Correlation analysis indicated that demographic factors such as age and work experience significantly influenced the results.

Conclusion

Educational interventions, particularly in emotional intelligence, proved effective in reducing conflicts and improving conflict management strategies. This highlights the importance of continuous training programs aimed at enhancing workplace relations and productivity in hospital settings.
Measurement of Completeness and Timeliness of Linked Electronic Health Record Pharmacy Data for Early Detection of Nonadherence to Breast Cancer Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
Authors: McPeek Chelsea , Paul Shirlene , Lieberenz Jordan , Levy Mia
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether linked electronic health record (EHR) pharmacy data were adequately complete and timely to detect primary nonadherence to breast cancer adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Linked EHR pharmacy data were extracted from the EHR for patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer who had their first prescription order for AET between 2016 and 2021. Patients with the first dispense event within 90 days of the prescription were classified as having sufficient or insufficient data available for early detection of primary adherence.

RESULTS

A total of 1,446 eligible patients had a first AET prescription order between 2016 and 2021; these orders were routed to 871 unique pharmacies, of which 856 (98.2%) were contracted with the linked EHR pharmacy database and 15 (1.8%) were not contracted. Among the 1,428 patients with a first prescription sent to a contract pharmacy, 164 (13%) had incomplete linked EHR pharmacy data refresh events to assess primary adherence. Among the 1,244 patients with at least 1 refresh event after their first prescription, 82% occurred within 90 days and were sufficiently timely for early detection of primary adherence. Overall, 32% of patients would benefit from an intervention to verify or improve primary adherence to AET.

CONCLUSION

Although linked EHR pharmacy data have adequate completeness of contract pharmacy data, local configurations of data refresh events tailored to medication reconciliation workflows are incomplete (13%) and insufficiently timely (32%) to fully support clinical decision support (CDS) for early detection of primary medication nonadherence. Prospective CDS interventions using linked EHR pharmacy data are possible with enhancements to the frequency and timeliness of refresh events.
Phase II Study of Sunitinib in Tumors With
c-KIT
Mutations: Results From the NCI MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol V
Authors: Gien Lilian T. , Song Zihe , Poklepovic Andrew , Collisson Eric A. , Zwiebel James A. , Gray Robert J. , Wang Victoria , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Larry V. , Patton David R. , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Tricoli James V. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

The NCI-MATCH study is a tumor-agnostic platform trial enrolling patients to targeted therapies on the basis of genomic alterations. Subprotocol V investigated sunitinib in patients with tumors harboring
c
-
KIT
mutations.

METHODS

EAY131-V, is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study. Eligible patients had malignancies containing somatic
c-KIT
mutation on exons 9, 11, 13, or 14. Exclusions were mutations on exons 17 and 18, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Patients received sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks with 2-week rest per cycle, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR); secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, PFS, overall survival, and toxicities.

RESULTS

Between November 1, 2016, and May 21, 2020, 10 patients were enrolled and nine were eligible and started treatment. The median age was 62 years (range, 30-76), 77.8% received two previous lines of systemic therapy, and 22.2% received >3 lines. The most common histology was melanoma (44%) and then squamous cell carcinoma of the lung or thymus (33%). There were two partial responses with an ORR of 22.2% (90% CI, 4.1 to 55) and stable disease in 44%. All patients demonstrated tumor shrinkage of target lesions. The estimated 6-month PFS was 33.3% (90% CI, 15.4 to 72.4). Grade 3-4 toxicities occurred in five patients (55.6%). This arm was closed in 2022 on the basis of low accrual. Prevalence of eligible
c-KIT
mutations after screening 5,540 patients was 0.45%.

CONCLUSION

Sunitinib for
c-KIT
mutations did not meet the primary end point, but in this small sample size, a potential signal cannot be ruled out. Rate of eligible
c-KIT
mutations was low, affecting accrual to this arm.
Fayzi's Planetary Poetics
Authors: Mikkelson Jane
Published: December 2024

This article recovers a theory of poetry articulated by the Indian poet laureate Abul Fayz Fayzi (d. 1595) in “The White Tide of Dawn” (“Tabashir-i subh”), the Persian prose preface to his collected poems. Fayzi's oblique style of thought wanders through shifting metaphors and lyrical prose, and his creative mode of exposition scales up into what this article calls Fayzi's planetary poetics—a way of recognizing, through poetry, how experience, language, and the pursuit of truth are constrained by the earthbound nature of human perspective. Fayzi's theory maintains canny clarity about such limitations, regarding poetry as a form capacious (and honest) enough to accommodate inquiry's ambitions and failures. Reading Fayzi alongside scientific, philosophical, and literary-theoretical texts widely available in early modern India, this article shows how key leitmotifs in Fayzi's essay (the mathematical concept of the Earth's center; the desert as space of discovery and transformation; the lunar eclipse) come together in a powerful compact of hubris, fragility, and creativity. Fayzi's planetary poetics actuates multiple senses of “theory” (as a set of principles; as a way of seeing; as a means to freedom) and offers a compelling, important contribution to ongoing discussions about the ghazal, the lyric, and poetry itself.
The Ethics of Decolonization
Authors: Abu-Lughod Lila
Published: December 2024

Sampling from the “Indigenous turn” in anthropology, this article asks what might be relevant for our thinking about the politics and ethics of social research practices in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region from the decolonizing efforts of those working in New Zealand, Hawaii, Bolivia, and Native America. It begins with Linda Tuhiwai Smith's 1999 classic Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples and her judgment that “from the vantage point of the colonized . . . the term ‘research’ is inextricably linked to European imperialism and colonialism.” Decolonizing means shifting the focus from the power/knowledge formations and questions of representation that Edward Said's work highlighted for those of us in MENA studies toward the ethics of social research itself and the silences on the political contexts that shape research and make research possible. If we were to transpose the practical ethical questions about the methods and purposes of social research, imagining our research subjects as analogous to “Indigenous” people in settler-colonial states insofar as they are living in the region or coming from the region under study—despite their diversity of location, class, ethnicity, religion, social capital, political power, living conditions, and possibilities, not to mention experiences of displacement, coercion, and violence—how would the decolonial impulse translate?
The Caste Question in East Pakistan and Bangladesh
Authors: Ghose Rajarshi , Ray Utsa
Published: December 2024

In the wake of the United Nations “World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance” held in Durban in 2001, many nongovernmental organizations initiated advocacy campaigns against caste-based discrimination, highlighting the social and economic hardships experienced by Dalit communities in Bangladesh. This article demonstrates that there is a longer history of engagements with the caste question among social scientists in East Pakistan and Bangladesh; however, the endemic practice of identifying caste inequity exclusively with Hinduism often resulted in advocacy campaigns and the social sciences subsuming Dalit experiences into the social predicament of Hindus as a religious minority group. The decoupling of caste and religious minorities in the political and social domains in the aftermath of advocacy campaigns has led to renewed efforts to acknowledge the singularity of Dalit experience in contemporary Bangladesh.
The Whirl of Permutation
Authors: Ball Kevin D.
Published: December 2024

In The Red, White & Black, Frank B. Wilderson III uses a chess analogy to describe the way in which blackness is positioned outside of the chessboard of the human subject, thereby granting shape and substance to its integral pieces. Thinking alongside this analogy, this article examines the life and games of Theophilus A. Thompson, a black chess problemist (a composer of chess puzzles) born into slavery in 1855. The article focuses on Thompson's 1872 book Chess Problems, which is comprised almost exclusively of board diagrams and conditions for solving each problem. The article reads Thompson's work as a philosophical and gamic critique of the prevailing logic that regards play as a space of consent and escape. Contrary to Eurocentric theories and commonsense notions that align play with leisure, the article examines the racial duress that shaped Thompson's extraliterary work and his authorial position as a problemist. Furthermore, the article brings the archival resonances of this duress to bear on Thompson's work with the self-mate problem, in which one's king (the invaluable object of competitive chess) is systematically put to the sword. The article frames these self-mate problems as a black theorization of play, rendered in chess aesthetics, that imagines both game and world radically undone.
Alberta Whittle
Authors: Cuthbertson Tom
Published: December 2024

Scottish-Barbadian artist Alberta Whittle continues to develop a rich, urgent, and far-ranging creative practice that combines elements of installation, film, sculpture, written word, and performance. Her work is preoccupied with the reverberating afterlives of slavery and colonialism, with our relationship to the natural world and to the imminence of environmental catastrophe, with the dynamics of kinship and intergenerational testimony, and with the radical possibilities that reside in expressions of care and compassion, for self and others. This article considers a recent digital video work by Whittle, between a whisper and a cry (2019). In her video, Whittle approaches the shifting waters of the Atlantic Ocean in part as a fluid repository or archive for the traumas of the Middle Passage. Responding particularly to influential critical formulations found in the work of Christina Sharpe, Whittle also explores how the wake left behind by such violent histories continues to buffet the Caribbean, exposing the region and those who live there disproportionately to the intensifying effects of extreme weather. Against a backdrop of accelerating ecological crisis, Whittle's work urges us to consider a worsening climate in which forms of antiblackness flow from past to present to uncertain future, but, crucially, she also asks how this storm might potentially be weathered.
Chemical Necromancy
Authors: Angus Siobhan
Published: December 2024

This article examines the historical formation of environmental sacrifice zones, using Louisiana's Cancer Alley as a case study by focusing on the relationship between cotton and the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. Corporate communications before World War II often portrayed cotton as integrated into the growing chemicals industry, positioning petrochemicals as a successor to the plantation economy. By analyzing visual culture within corporate communication, the article investigates how corporate visual representations normalize industrial development despite its creation of toxic landscapes.
From eggs to adulthood: sustained effects of early developmental temperature and corticosterone exposure on physiology and body size in an Australian lizard
Authors: Crino Ondi L. , Wild Kristoffer H. , Friesen Christopher R. , Leibold Dalton , Laven Naomi , Peardon Amelia Y. , Recio Pablo , Salin Karine , Noble Daniel W. A.
Published: December 2024

Developing animals are increasingly exposed to elevated temperatures as global temperatures rise as a result of climate change. Vertebrates can be affected by elevated temperatures during development directly, and indirectly through maternal effects (e.g. exposure to prenatal glucocorticoid hormones). Past studies have examined how elevated temperatures and glucocorticoid exposure during development independently affect vertebrates. However, exposure to elevated temperatures and prenatal corticosterone could have interactive effects on developing animals that affect physiology and life-history traits across life. We tested interactions between incubation temperature and prenatal corticosterone exposure in the delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata). We treated eggs with high or low doses of corticosterone and incubated eggs at 23°C (cool) or 28°C (warm). We measured the effects of these treatments on development time, body size and survival from hatching to adulthood and on adult hormone levels and mitochondrial respiration. We found no evidence for interactive effects of incubation temperature and prenatal corticosterone exposure on phenotype. However, incubation temperature and corticosterone treatment each independently decreased body size at hatching and these effects were sustained into the juvenile period and adulthood. Lizards exposed to low doses of corticosterone during development had elevated levels of baseline corticosterone as adults. Additionally, lizards incubated at cool temperatures had higher levels of baseline corticosterone and more efficient mitochondria as adults compared with lizards incubated at warm temperatures. Our results show that developmental conditions can have sustained effects on morphological and physiological traits in oviparous lizards but suggest that incubation temperature and prenatal corticosterone do not have interactive effects.
Uncodified Constitutions and the Question of Political Legitimacy
Authors: Perlikowski Łukasz
Published: December 2024

This book seeks to examine and explore an issue within the study of constitutionalism that is an extensive phenomenon that cannot be easily reduced merely to the written legal document. Now this claim is a quite obvious truth, yet the scope of uncodifiable – that is to say, those aspects of law and constitutionalism that escape or avoid being framed in codified or written form – are hard to embrace by legal science. Hence, our intention in this volume was to explore the issue from many different points of view and provide a useful reflection on this topic. […] One can say that we started from the topics related to legal aspects of uncodified constitutions, and then we came to the concept of political legitimacy by going through many different views on the main subject matter of this work. The volume’s intention was to highlight this issue of the issues of constitutionalism, codification, legitimacy, and political stability that are of extreme importance for contemporary political and legal sciences and offer some valuable reflections about these issues that might get scholars interested in these questions and concerns.
Estado actual y perspectivas de desarrollo de los estudios organizacionales en México
Authors: Rosas Castro Jorge Alberto , Mapén Franco Fabiola de Jesús , Payró Campos Pablo , Ramírez Martínez Guillermo , Lozano Carrillo Oscar , Espinosa Yáñez Alejandro , Camacho Deonicio Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo, anclado en lo histórico, narra el presente y las perspectivas en México acerca del quehacer constructivo y humanista que persigue comprender y explicar la complejidad de fenómenos organizacionales (FO). Se trata de fenómenos que tienen características particulares, relativas, en caos, ambiguas, en acción dinámica y siempre cambiante, los cuales generan preguntas e interpretaciones y dan lugar a un diálogo permanente que, justamente, constituye a los EO.
Trajetória recente dos estudos organizacionais no Brasil expressa nos seus principais eventos
Authors: Abdala Paulo , Kruter Flôres Rafael , Dornelas Camara Guilherme
Published: December 2024

Neste capítulo, realizamos uma análise preliminar da trajetória dos EO no Brasil a partir da sua expressão nos principais espaços de encontro da comunidade de estudiosos e pesquisadores. Para tanto, consideramos como corpus de análise o conjunto de chamadas aos eventos acadêmicos da ANPAD (EnANPAD e EnEO) e da SBEO (CBEO), incluindo todas as 10 edições do EnEO, as 7 dos CBEO, bem como as dos EnANPAD
desde 2005, ano a partir do qual se consolidam as divisões de área (Fachin, 2014), até 2020.
Los estudios organizacionales en Chile: ruta de una ausencia
Authors: Mandiola Cotroneo Marcela , Pérez Arrau Gregorio
Published: December 2024

En este capítulo dedicamos nuestros esfuerzos a una presentación ensayística de la búsqueda y recopilación de experiencias, así como productos, resultados del trayecto, interrumpido e inacabado, de un pensamiento organizacional en Chile.
Los estudios organizacionales en Perú: antecedentes, problematización y rutas de investigación
Authors: Pasco Dalla Porta Mario Marcello , Marchena Levy del Aguila
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo busca dar cuenta de los avances y los desafíos en los estudios organizacionales en Perú. Primero se parte por reconocer que, a pesar de que el abordaje específico es escaso, existen diversas aproximaciones críticas sobre las organizaciones alineadas con el espíritu del campo. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre la problematización y comprensión de este. Finalmente, se abordan sus perspectivas de desarrollo temático en el país.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF SUPRAPATELLAR AND INFRAPATELLAR APPROACH FOR INTRAMEDULLARY INTERLOCKING NAILING OF TIBIA
Authors: Santhanam Siva Swaminathan , Velayuthum Sabareesh , Palaniswamy Gopi
Published: December 2024

This randomized controlled study aimed to compare surgical duration, intra-operative blood loss, and fluoroscopy time between the suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches for intramedullary interlocking nailing of tibia. We included 40 adult patients with tibial shaft fractures, excluding those with non-union, revision surgery, or polytrauma. Patients were divided equally into two groups using block randomization: Group A (20 patients) underwent the infrapatellar approach, and Group B (20 patients) underwent the suprapatellar approach. Blood loss was measured using gravimetric method and by changes in pre-operative and post operative haemoglobin levels. Surgical duration was estimated by calculating the time elapsed between the start and end of the procedure and fluoroscopy time was logged from the fluoroscopy machine.

In group A, blood loss averaged 154±30.98ml, slightly more than in group B (150±32.92ml), though the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Group A also showed a higher difference in haemoglobin levels (2.20±1.13 gm/dl) compared to group B (1.15±0.93 gm/dl), which was statistically significant (p=0.02). Fluoroscopy time and surgery duration were slightly longer in group A compared to group B but not statistically significant(p=0.693).

The suprapatellar approach results in lesser blood loss, potentially promoting faster recovery, reduced need for blood transfusions and shorter hospital stays. It also entails shorter fluoroscopy time and surgical duration (though not statistically significant) which may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY POST HIP FRACTURE SURGERY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Metry Arsany , Sain Arnab , Abdulkarim Ali
Published: December 2024

Objectives

As per NICE guidance, one of the cornerstones of management of AKI is risk assessment. Aim of the audit is to identify the potential risk factors for postoperative AKI in hip fracture patients.

Design and Methods

Using local NOF registration data, Patient details were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electronic records of patients were assessed retrospectively including blood results, radiological investigations, clinical documentation and drug chart. Inclusion Criteria: All patients > 50 years old with NOF fractures underwent operative management from January 2022 to June 2022 Exclusion Criteria: 1- Pathological fractures. 2- Non-operative management. 3- Died directly postoperative.

Results

250 patients underwent hip fracture surgery at our hospital in 6 months (January 2022-June 2022) (Cemented Procedures were 133 (53 %) while Fixation procedures were 117 (47%)).

Female patients were 174 (70%), and male were 76 patients. Average age was 83.4 years and number of operations done over Weekend (Friday-Sunday) = 123 (49%).

The incidence of Postoperative AKI was 56 (22.4%). Forty-five from fifty-six cases were stage 1 (80.4%) while 7 cases (12.5%) were stage 2.

The studied risk factors for Postoperative AKI were: cemented procedures (61% of postoperative AKI incidence), female Gender (66%), time from admission to operation (>24 hours =33 %), day of operation (operations done Friday/Saturday/Sunday = 55%) and Postoperative antibiotics (71%)

Conclusion

We need strategies to reduce incidence of postoperative AKI like: AKI alert on laboratory results, IV fluid prescription preoperative since arrival of patients to ED, avoid/stop nephrotoxic medications on admission, regular review of postoperative U&Es and fluid balance especially in high-risk patients, increase nursing staff and junior doctors on wards over weekends and we need to review our policy of giving postoperative IV antibiotics.
METAL DEBRIS RELEASE IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: AN OVERLOOKED CLINICAL CONCERN
Authors: Langton David , Bhalekar Rohan , Wells Stephen , Nargol Matthew , Natu Sonali , Nargol Antoni , Waller Susan , Pabbruwe Moreica , Sidaginamale Raghavendra
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Several studies have reported elevated blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) concentrations in patients with total knee replacements (TKRs). Up to 44% of tissue samples taken from patients with failed TKRs exhibit histological evidence of metal sensitivity/ALVAL. In simulated conditions, metal particles contribute approximately 12% of total wear debris in TKR. We carried out this investigation to determine the source and quantity of metal release in TKRs.

Design and Methods

We analysed 225 explanted fixed-bearing TKRs (Attune, Genesis II, NexGen, PFC, and Vanguard) revised for any indication. These were analysed using peer-reviewed [coordinate measuring machine (CMM)] methodology to measure the volumetric wear of the polyethylene (PE) bearing surfaces and trays. The trays were analysed using 2D profilometry (surface roughness-Ra) and light microscopy. Histological and blood metal ion concentration analyses were performed in a sub-sample of patients.

Results

The median (IQR) PE wear rate was 14 (6 to 20) mm3/year. Microscopic examination of the superior surface of trays exhibited pitting on 132 (59%) of trays. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in Rvk on the pitted area of trays for each design, indicating material removal from the pits compared to the unpitted area. The inferior surface of 116(51%) of trays displayed polishing, indicative of abrasive wear. The median(range) Co and Cr concentrations were 2.5µg/l (0.2–69.4) and 1.7µg/l (0.5-12.5) respectively in 40 patients. Of the tissue samples examined in 30 patients, 6 had at least “mild”-ALVAL infiltrate. All corresponding “ALVAL” explants were found to be pitted and/or show evidence of loosening of the tray.

Conclusion

This study provides further evidence that CoCr release in TKR appears to be an under-appreciated cause of adverse clinical outcomes. The generation of metal particles was predominantly from the metal tray, which may explain elevated metal ions after TKRs, despite no direct metal-on-metal contact.