bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor‐induzierte Dimerisierung einer essentiellen Oxidoreduktase aus afrikanischen Trypanosomen
Authors: Wagner Annika , Le Thien Anh , Brennich Martha , Klein Philipp , Bader Nicole , Diehl Erika , Paszek Daniel , Weickhmann A. Katharina , Dirdjaja Natalie , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Engels Bernd , Opatz Till , Schindelin Hermann , Hellmich Ute A.
Published: January 2019

Jedes Jahr fordern durch Trypanosomen und Leishmanien verursachte Infektionen zehntausende Menschenleben. Der Metabolismus dieser einzelligen eukaryotischen Parasiten unterscheidet sich von dem des menschlichen Wirts. Daher stellen die parasitären Enzyme vielversprechende Angriffspunkte für Arzneistoffe dar. Tryparedoxin (Tpx) aus Trypanosoma brucei ist eine essentielle Oxidoreduktase in der parasitären Detoxifizierungskaskade für Hydroperoxide. Funktionale In‐vitro‐ und In‐vivo‐Experimente zeigen, dass ein kleiner, selektiver Inhibitor Tpx effizient inhibiert. Mithilfe von Röntgenkristallographie, SAXS, analytischer SEC, SEC‐MALS, MD‐Simulationen, ITC und NMR‐Spektroskopie können wir zeigen, wie die kovalente Bindung dieses monofunktionalen Inhibitors zu einer Dimerisierung von Tpx führt. Intra‐ und intermolekulare Inhibitor‐Inhibitor‐, Protein‐Protein‐ und Inhibitor‐Protein‐Interaktionen stabilisieren das Dimer. Das Verhalten dieses effizienten antitrypanosomalen Moleküls stellt somit ein hervorragendes Beispiel für eine chemisch induzierte Dimerisierung durch einen kleinen, monovalenten Liganden dar, welches für ein zukünftiges Wirkstoffdesign verwendet werden kann.
Helicoidal Patterning of Nanorods with Polymer Ligands
Authors: Galati Elizabeth , Tao Huachen , Tebbe Moritz , Ansari Rija , Rubinstein Michael , Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: January 2019

Chiral packing of ligands on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is of fundamental and practical importance, as it determines how NPs interact with each other and with the molecular world. Herein, for gold nanorods (NRs) capped with end‐grafted nonchiral polymer ligands, we show a new mechanism of chiral surface patterning. Under poor solvency conditions, a smooth polymer layer segregates into helicoidally organized surface‐pinned micelles (patches). The helicoidal morphology is dictated by the polymer grafting density and the ratio of the polymer ligand length to nanorod radius. Outside this specific parameter space, a range of polymer surface structures was observed, including random, shish‐kebab, and hybrid patches, as well as a smooth polymer layer. We characterize polymer surface morphology by theoretical and experimental state diagrams. The helicoidally organized polymer patches on the NR surface can be used as a template for the helicoidal organization of other NPs, masked synthesis on the NR surface, as well as the exploration of new NP self‐assembly modes.
One‐year clinical outcomes of patients treated with polymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stents or zotarolimus‐eluting stents: A propensity‐score adjusted analysis
Authors: Rozemeijer Rik , van Muiden Ivar G. , Koudstaal Stefan , Leenders Geert E. , Timmers Leo , Rittersma Saskia Z. , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Voskuil Michiel , Stella Pieter R.
Published: January 2019

Background

Polymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stents (PF‐AES) represent a novel elution‐technology in coronary stenting. We aimed to assess 1‐year clinical outcomes of PF‐AES as compared to latest‐generation permanent polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stents (PP‐ZES) in a real‐world all‐comers setting.

Methods

A prospective registry of patients treated with either PF‐AES or PP‐ZES between 2014 and 2016 was conducted. The primary outcome was defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and the secondary outcome was defined as target‐lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year. To account for measured confounders, a propensity‐score adjusted Cox proportional‐hazard model was built to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 734 consecutive patients with 1,269 DES implantations were enrolled. The population was characterized by 28% diabetes, 24% ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, and a high number of complex lesions (69%). The rate of MACCE was 11.5% for PF‐AES and 13.6% for PP‐ZES, plog‐rank = 0.11. TLF was numerically lower in PF‐AES as compared to PP‐ZES (5.4 vs. 6.1%, plog‐rank = 0.68). After propensity‐score adjustment, PF‐AES showed a trend toward a lower rate of MACCE and a favorable rate of TLF as compared to PP‐ZES (HR 0.70; 95%CI 0.45 to 1.10, P = 0.12; and HR 0.88; 95%CI 0.47 to 1.65, P = 0.68, respectively). Rates of definite ST were low (0.8 vs. 0.3%, plog‐rank = 0.62).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that implantation of PF‐AES was safe and effective in real‐world patients, with low‐rates of MACCE and TLF at 1 year. Our data needs to be confirmed by a large trial to evaluate the clinical outcomes of this novel polymer‐free, eluting‐technology used in PF‐AES.
Black pleural effusion caused by pancreatic pseudocyst rupture
Authors: Ishigaki Sho , Kuwae Misato , Ishii Makoto , Asakura Takanori , Ueda Soichiro , Betsuyaku Tomoko
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

The images show the path of pancreatic pleural effusion from the pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis who presented with black pleural effusion, however, without symptoms. Pancreatic pseudocyst rupture rarely causes pleural effusion; however, it should be considered in patients with chronic pancreatitis with black pleural effusion.
Evaluation of Alkyl‐Ferrocene Monolayers on Carbons for Charge Storage Applications, a Voltammetry and Impedance Spectroscopy Investigation
Authors: Aceta Yara , Leroux Yann R. , Hapiot Philippe
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical properties of functionalized carbons with ferrocene‐alkyl monolayer were evaluated with different electrolytes and solvents for charge storage applications. Investigations were performed both by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy using edge plane pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes, being a good example of fragile and porous carbon material. The functionalization method is based on the electrografting of protected aryldiazonium ions that leads after deprotection to the formation of a covalently attached monolayer. In a second step, C11‐long chain alkyl ferrocene is attached on the platform. The functionalization considerably increases the charge density by a factor of 5–10 depending on the electrolyte with the advantage that it does not alter the structure of the carbon surface. The grafted layer presents a very fast electron transfer kinetics providing an easy way for increasing the charge density in devices like supercapacitors, the charging time being limited by the resistance of the electrolyte.
Extension of the Plutonium Oxide Nanocluster Family to Include {Pu16} and {Pu22}
Authors: Sigmon Ginger E. , Hixon Amy E.
Published: January 2019

Plutonium(IV) oxide nanoclusters represent an interesting scientific problem regarding structure‐function relationships and are also relevant to global concerns surrounding plutonium reprocessing, the remediation of plutonium‐contaminated soils, and the storage or disposal of plutonium‐containing wastes. Here we report the synthesis of five unique PuIV oxide nanoclusters containing 38, 22, or 16 metal centers and capped only with inorganic ligands, such as chlorine and water, which prevent formation of the extended PuO2 structure. The products are interrogated through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, bond valence calculations, and comparisons to other known metal‐oxide nanoclusters. Of particular interest is the incorporation of hydroxide linkages into the smaller plutonium oxide nanoclusters, which underscores previous observations and hypotheses regarding the formation of plutonium polymers and colloids.
Halogen‐Mediated Membrane Transport: An Efficient Strategy for the Enhancement of Cellular Uptake of Synthetic Molecules
Authors: Ungati Harinarayana , Govindaraj Vijayakumar , Nair Chithra R. , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: January 2019

The poor uptake of fluorescent probes and therapeutics by mammalian cells is a major concern in biological applications ranging from fluorescence imaging to drug delivery in living cells. Although gaseous molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, hydrophobic substances such as benzene, and small polar but uncharged molecules such as water and ethanol can cross the cell plasma membrane by simple passive diffusion, many synthetic as well as biological molecules require specific membrane transporters and channel proteins that control the traffic of these molecules into and out of the cell. This work reports that the introduction of halogen atoms into a series of fluorescent molecules remarkably enhances their cellular uptake, and that their transport can be increased to more than 95 % by introducing two iodine atoms at appropriate positions. The nature of the fluorophore does not play a major role in the cellular uptake when iodine atoms are present in the molecules, as compounds bearing naphthalimide, coumarin, BODIPY, and pyrene moieties show similar uptakes. Interestingly, the introduction of a maleimide‐based fluorophore bearing two hydroxyethylthio moieties allows the molecules to cross the plasma and nuclear membranes, and the presence of iodine atoms further enhances the transport across both membranes. Overall, this study provides a general strategy for enhancing the uptake of organic molecules by mammalian cells.
The Middle‐Earth between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Water Oxidation with Iridium
Authors: Macchioni Alceo
Published: January 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Alceo Macchioni from University of Perugia, Italy. The cover image shows La Fontana Maggiore in Perugia. Its different water compartments symbolize the different types of iridium water oxidation catalysts reviewed in the article.
Single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes induce different toxicological responses in rat alveolar macrophages
Authors: Nahle Sara , Safar Ramia , Grandemange Stéphanie , Foliguet Bernard , Lovera‐Leroux Mélanie , Doumandji Zahra , Le Faou Alain , Joubert Olivier , Rihn Bertrand , Ferrari Luc
Published: January 2019

Human exposure to airborne carbon nanotubes (CNT) is increasing because of their applications in different sectors; therefore, they constitute a biological hazard. Consequently, developing studies on CNT toxicity become a necessity. CNTs can have different properties in term of length, size and charge. Here, we compared the cellular effect of multiwall (MWCNTs) and single wall CNTs (SWCNTs). MWCNTs consist of multiple layers of graphene, while SWCNTs are monolayers. The effects of MWCNTs and SWCNTs were evaluated by the water‐soluble tetrazolium salt cell proliferation assay on NR8383 cells, rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383). After 24 hours of exposure, MWCNTs showed higher toxicity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 3.2 cm2/cm2) than SWCNTs (IC50 = 44 cm2/cm2). Only SWCNTs have induced NR8383 cells apoptosis as assayed by flow cytometry using the annexin V/IP staining test. The expression of genes involved in oxidative burst (Ncf1), inflammation (Nfκb, Tnf‐α, Il‐6 and Il‐1β), mitochondrial damage (Opa) and apoptotic balance (Pdcd4, Bcl‐2 and Casp‐8) was determined. We found that MWCNT exposure predominantly induce inflammation, while SWCNTs induce apoptosis and impaired mitochondrial function. Our results clearly suggest that MWCNTs are ideal candidates for acute inflammation induction. In vivo studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. However, we conclude that toxicity of CNTs is dependent on their physical and chemical characteristics.
Biomaterial and stem cell‐based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Dunn Andrew , Talovic Muhamed , Patel Krishna , Patel Anjali , Marcinczyk Madison , Garg Koyal
Published: January 2019

Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell‐based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose‐derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off‐the‐shelf solution to cell‐based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246–1262, 2019.
Lattice Zenneck Modes on Subwavelength Antennas
Authors: Babicheva Viktoriia E. , Moloney Jerome V.
Published: January 2019

Optical resonances in isolated nanoparticles made out of commonly occurring materials with high optical losses, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, germanium, carbide, and others, are weak and not sufficient for field enhancement and competing with plasmonic resonances in noble metal nanoparticles. This work presents a novel approach to achieve strong resonances in the arrays of such nanoparticles with large optical losses and points to their potential for efficient light control in ultra‐thin optical elements, sensing, and photovoltaic applications. Materials with large imaginary part of permittivity (LIPP) are studied and nanostructures of these materials are shown to support not only surfaces modes, known as Zenneck waves, but also modes localized on the subwavelength particle. This approach opens up the possibility of exciting strong localized nanoparticle resonances without involving plasmonic or high‐refractive‐index materials. Arranging LIPP particles in a periodic array plays a crucial role allowing for collective array resonances, which are shown to be much stronger in particle array than in single particle. The collective lattice resonances can be excited at the wavelength defined mainly by the array period and thus easily tuned in a broad spectral range not being limited by particle permittivity, size, or shape.
A functional variant rs1537373 in 9p21.3 region is associated with pancreatic cancer risk
Authors: Zhu Beibei , Zhu Ying , Tian Jianbo , Shen Na , Li Jiaoyuan , Lou Jiao , Ke Juntao , Yang Yang , Gong Yajie , Gong Jing , Chang Jiang , Miao Xiaoping , Zhong Rong
Published: January 2019

9p21.3 has been identified as an unexpected hot point in multiple diseases GWAS including cancers, and we performed a two‐stage case‐control studies integrating functional assay strategy to find the potential functional variants modified susceptibility to pancreatic cancer (PC). An expanded Illumina HumanExome Beadchip of PC including 943 cases and 3908 controls was used to examine 39 tagSNPs in 9p21.3 and the promising single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was validated in stage 2 comprising 624 cases and 1048 controls. The strongest signal was rs6475609 (Odds ratio, OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.72‐0.91) maps to the long non‐coding RNA ANRIL. Bioinformatics analysis revealed rs1537373 lies in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block which the rs6475609 tagged might have potential function and was also associated with a decreased risk of PC in both stages (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75‐0.90 in combined analysis). Dual luciferase reporter assay and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) verified rs1537373 as the best candidate causative variant for influencing the activity of enhancer through differential binding to certain transcription factor. The expression quantitative trait loci (e‐QTL) analysis indicated the genotypes of rs1537373 were associated with expression of CDKN2B gene (P dominant = 6.00 × 10−4). In conclusion, our study provided evidence that rs1537373 in ANRIL may influence transcription factor binding and regulate CDKN2B expression, thus confer the susceptibility to PC.
Polarization dependent five‐band terahertz metamaterial using two resonators
Authors: S Sasi Princy , E Manikandan , B. S Sreeja , S Radha
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we present a multi‐band terahertz metamaterial composed of two hexagonal shaped metallic resonators supported by a Teflon dielectric substrate. The performance characteristics of the proposed structure are evaluated numerically using CST Microwave Studio software. The design has polarization sensitive and angle independent operational nature. The designed structure resonates at five frequencies: 0.19 THz, 0.3 THz, 0.47 THz, 0.5 THz, and 0.61 THz in transverse electric mode. The underlying concept of multi‐band resonances has been understood by obtaining the electric field.
Peripheral blood immunophenotyping in a large cohort of patients with Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Authors: Bezzerri Valentino , Vella Antonio , Gennaro Gianfranco Di , Ortolani Riccardo , Nicolis Elena , Cesaro Simone , Fabrizzi Benedetta , Bronte Vincenzo , Corey Seth J. , Cipolli Marco
Published: January 2019

Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is one of the more common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, characterized by neutropenia, occasional thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Bone marrow evaluation reveals an increased number of monocytes and mature B cells along with decreased granulocytes. However, little is known about the subpopulations of peripheral blood cells, and few previous publications have been based on a small number of patients. Here, we report a comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis from a cohort of 37 SDS patients who display impairment mostly in the myeloid compartment with a deficiency also in the number of B cells and CD4/CD8 double‐negative T cells.
Ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma in a 3.5‐month‐old infant without eye involvement and without evidence of heritability
Authors: Römer Tristan , Temming Petra , Lohmann Dietmar R. , Sturm Dominik , von Deimling Andreas , Sellhaus Bernd , Mull Michael , Kontny Udo , Moser Olga
Published: January 2019

Heritable retinoblastoma can rarely be associated with a midline intracranial neuroblastic tumor, referred to as trilateral retinoblastoma. We present an unusual midline brain tumor in an infant that was identified as ectopic retinoblastoma by histopathology, DNA methylation analysis, and molecular genetic detection of biallelic somatic inactivation of the RB1 gene. There was no ocular involvement, and germline mutation was excluded. In this nonresectable tumor, treatment with systemic chemotherapy including high‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, but without definite local therapy, resulted in long‐lasting tumor control.
Leuchtende Blasen
Authors: Mettin Robert , Cairós Carlos
Published: January 2019

Ultraschall kann in Flüssigkeiten Lichtblitze erzeugen. Diese Sonolumineszenz stammt aus implodierenden Kavitationsblasen. Das Gas in kollabierenden Blasen kann sich dabei so stark erwärmen, dass kurzzeitig ein Plasma mit blitzartiger Lichtemission auftritt. Aus dem optischen Spektrum des Leuchtens schließt man auf die physikalischen Vorgänge bei der extremen Kompression des Blaseninneren. Dabei zeigen Wolken aus Blasen und isolierte Einzelblasen, die in akustischen Stehwellen gefangen sind, unterschiedliche Eigenschaften. Isolierte Einzelblasen haben eher eine symmetrische Kugelgestalt als die sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Wolkenblasen. Neuere Arbeiten untersuchen, wie sich im Detail Blasenbewegungen und asymmetrische Implosionen auf die Sonolumineszenz auswirken.
Wendelstein 7‐X im Betrieb
Authors: Milch Isabella
Published: January 2019

Ende 2015 haben die Experimente an Wendelstein 7‐X begonnen, der weltweit größten Fusionsanlage vom Stellarator‐Typ. Wendelstein 7‐X soll die Kraftwerkstauglichkeit dieses alternativen Konzepts demonstrieren. Ein verbessertes Magnetfeld soll die Schwierigkeiten früherer Stellaratoren überwinden, die Qualität von Plasmagleichgewicht und ‐einschluss soll der eines Tokamak ebenbürtig werden. Nach stufenweisen Ausbauten soll Wendelstein 7‐X mit Entladungen bis zu dreißig Minuten Länge die wesentliche Eigenschaft der Stellaratoren vorführen, den Dauerbetrieb.
Immer auf Achse!
Authors: Stiegler Ernst‐Michael
Published: January 2019

Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts öffneten astronomische Messungen zur Polhöhenschwankung den Weg zur modernen Geophysik. Alte Vorstellungen von einer starr rotierenden Erde wurden überwunden. Stattdessen entdeckte man, dass die Rotationsachse und die Symmetrieachse der Erde nicht übereinstimmen. Die daraus resultierende Unwucht sowie die verformbare, elastische Erde sind Ursachen lang‐ und kurzfristiger Veränderungen der Lage der Erdachse im Raum. Jules Verne machte sich bereits Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts Gedanken darüber, welche Folgen das Aufrichten der Erdrotationsachse hätte.
Aus der Luft gegriffen
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo
Published: January 2019

Das Theremin ist eines der ersten rein elektronischen Musikinstrumente. Erfunden wurde es vom Russen Lew Termen, der sich später Leon Theremin nannte. In seiner etablierten Bauform besitzt es zwei Antennen. Beim Spiel sorgen Finger und Hände für Kapazitätsänderungen in diesen Schwingkreisen, die in elektrische Signale umgesetzt werden. Eine Hand erzeugt den Ton, die andere verändert dessen Lautstärke.
Manche mögen‘s kochend heiß
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter
Published: January 2019

Es gibt Fälle, in denen kochendes Wasser schneller aus einem Kochtopf verdampft als einem lieb ist. Aber, wie lange dauert es überhaupt? Und wie lange dauert es bei geringerer Temperatur, zum Beispiel bei 80 °C ? Wo die Vorstellung versagt, helfen Zeitraffervideos weiter.
Dem Urbaustein nachgejagt
Authors: Müller Thomas
Published: January 2019

In der ersten Ausgabe von Physik in unserer Zeit im Jahre 1970 erschien eine Meldung zur vermeintlichen Entdeckung freier Quarks. Was ist daraus geworden?
Topologischer Isolator aus Licht und Materie
Authors: Klembt Sebastian , Harder Tristan H. , Höfling Sven
Published: January 2019

Topologische Isolatoren sind eine Klasse neuartiger Materialien, die sich in ihrem Inneren wie Isolatoren verhalten, aber an ihren Oberflächen und Kanten die Bewegung von Ladungsträgern erlauben. In einer aktuellen Studie [1] ist es unserer Gruppe an der Universität Würzburg erstmals gelungen, einen topologischen Isolator für ein Hybridsystem aus Licht und Materie zu realisieren.
Forschung, dem Bier sei Dank
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: January 2019

Bekannt ist er nicht gerade. Und wenn einmal sein Name fällt, dann denkt man eher an eine Vornamens‐Verwechslung oder an Tippfehler. Wahrscheinlicher ist: Man hat fälschlich einen holländischen Kollegen des Gesuchten im Kopf, der fast gleichzeitig auf demselben Gebiet geforscht hat und fast denselben Namen trägt.
Characteristics of Ultrathin Ni Films
Authors: Grilli Maria Luisa , Vernhes Richard , Hu Guohang , Di Sarcina Ilaria , Dikonimos Theodoros , Sytchkova Anna , Martinu Ludvik , He Hongbo , Piegari Angela
Published: January 2019

Conductive and transparent ultra‐thin Nickel films are grown by RF sputtering on fused silica substrates. The characteristics of Ni films (thickness, refractive index, and extinction coefficient) are obtained by fitting multi‐angle spectrophotometric and ellipsometric data. Films thickness inferred by X ray reflection (XRR) measurements is in good accordance with ellipsometric results. XPS analysis reveals that Ni metal phase is present in the film surface together with Ni mixed oxide phases, which explains the high electrical stability of such films.
Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect and Energy Storage Density in Lead‐Free 0.8Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.2SrTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Kumar Raju , Singh Kedar , Singh Satyendra
Published: January 2019

Enhanced electrocaloric response in lead‐free 0.8Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.2SrTiO3 (NBT‐0.2ST) ceramics are investigated using an indirect approach based on Maxwell's relations over a wide operating temperature range. The electrocaloric effect (ECE) is obtained over a broad temperature range with the maximum temperature change (T) value reaching 0.75 K at the working temperature of 400 K under the electric field of 35 kV cm−1. The maximum EC coefficient () is found to be 0.022 K·cm kV−1 at 400 K. Energy storage density of NBT‐0.2ST are calculated and found to be 0.36 J cm−3 at 393 K. High value of ECE and a wide working temperature range (350–450 K) make it a promising lead‐free ferroelectric material for applications in cooling technologies.
Preparation and Thermal Properties of 1‐Hexadecanol‐Palmitic Acid Eutectic Mixture/Activated Carbon Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Hu Zhanjiang , Wang Chaoming , Jia Wenbing , Li Xiao , Cai Zhengyu
Published: January 2019

In this study, a new kind of 1‐hexadecanol‐palmitic acid (HD‐PA) binary eutectic mixture and the composite phase change materials (PCMs) composed of HD‐PA absorbed into activated carbon (AC) pores with different mass percentage of 50, 55, 60, and 65% were prepared by vacuum impregnation method. The chemical structural, thermal stability and thermal durability of HD‐PA/AC composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with different mass fraction of HD‐PA was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. The specific surface area of AC were determined to be 760 m2 g−1 and abundant mesopores and micropores with the sizes at 1.8 and 0.6 nm were observed according to the N2 adsorption‐desorption measurement. DSC results showed that the onset melting temperature and latent heat of novel HD‐PA eutectic were 50.2 °C and 226.6 J g−1, respectively. The addition of AC to the PCM of binary HD‐PA eutectic can enhance its thermal stability, durability and thermal energy storage‐release rate. The form‐stable HD‐PA/AC CPCM can be used as energy storage materials in many fields owing to its good thermal properties and chemical stability.
Incorporating Mn2+/Ni2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ in the Co3O4 Nanorod: To Investigate the Effect of Structural Modification in the Co3O4 Nanorod and Its Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Mary A Juliet Christina , Bose A. Chandra
Published: January 2019

The major key component for developing a high‐efficiency supercapacitor device is electrode and electrolyte material. This research paper demonstrates the structural modification of Co3O4 nanorod and the electrochemical behavior of Co3O4 nanorod in different aqueous electrolytes such as KOH, PVA/KOH, NaOH, KCl, and Na2SO4. The pseudocapacitive behavior of Co3O4 is varying in the order of KOH > NaOH > PVA/KOH > Na2SO4 > KCl. The storage capability of MCo2O4 (where M=Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) nanorods has been compared with Co3O4 nanorod in the KOH electrolyte environment. The material in the form of nanorods is beneficial for an efficient pathway to penetrate an OH− ion into the electroactive material. Among other cobaltite (MCo2O4), NiCo2O4 nanorod exhibits the outstanding capacitance value of 2041.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. NiCo2O4 || NiCo2O4 symmetric supercapacitor system delivers the maximum energy density of 25.42 W h kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1.
Synthesis of Di‐Substituted Alkynes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling and C‐H Activation
Authors: Gómez‐Herrera Alberto , Nahra Fady , Wu Jiufeng , Izquierdo Frédéric , Brill Marcel , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: January 2019

A straightforward methodology for the decarboxylative cross‐coupling of aryl bromides and phenylpropiolic acid using a Pd(II)‐NHC catalyst has been developed. Various aryl bromides have been successfully transformed into the corresponding di‐substituted alkynes using environmentally benign conditions (weak base and ethanol as solvent). This efficient catalytic system also proved useful for the copper‐free Sonogashira coupling of aryl and alkenyl bromides with various terminal alkynes. The synthetic utility of these methodologies was highlighted in the synthesis of a polyaromatic compound and various fluoroenynes.
A quantum check of non-supersymmetric AdS/dCFT
Authors: Grau Aleix Gimenez , Kristjansen Charlotte , Volk Matthias , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Via a challenging field-theory computation, we confirm a supergravity prediction for the non-supersymmetric D3-D7 probe-brane system with probe geometry AdS
4 ×S
2 ×S
2, stabilized by fluxes. Supergravity predicts, in a certain double-scaling limit, the value of the one-point functions of chiral primaries of the dual defect version of

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM theory, where the fluxes translate into SO(3) × SO(3)-symmetric, Lie-algebra-valued vacuum expectation values for all six scalar fields. Using a generalization of the technique based on fuzzy spherical harmonics developed for the related D3-D5 probe-brane system, we diagonalize the resulting mass matrix of the field theory. Subsequently, we calculate the planar one-loop correction to the vacuum expectation values of the scalars in dimensional reduction and find that it is UV finite and non-vanishing. We then proceed to calculating the one-loop correction to the planar one-point function of any single-trace scalar operator and explicitly evaluate this correction for a 1/2-BPS operator of length L at two leading orders in the double-scaling limit, finding exact agreement with the supergravity prediction.
Trends in Open and Arthroscopic Long Head of Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Saltzman Bryan M. , Leroux Timothy S. , Cotter Eric J. , Basques Bryce , Griffin Justin , Frank Rachel M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N.
Published: January 2019

Background

In young and active patients, long head of biceps (LHB) tenodesis has become a common procedure for managing LHB pathology, but it remains unclear whether it is performed in isolation or along with other shoulder procedures and whether open and arthroscopic techniques produce different complications.

Questions/Purposes

We sought to determine and compare open and arthroscopic LHB tenodesis in terms of (a) trends in overall use, (b) trends in use in isolation and in association with rotator cuff repair (RCR) and superior labral tear from anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) debridement/repair, and (c) the rates of post-operative complications.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from an insurance database to identify LHB tenodesis procedures performed from 2011 to 2014. The overall annual rates of open and arthroscopic LHB tenodesis were determined and then stratified according to concurrent RCR and SLAP repair/debridement. A multivariate logistic regression analysis that controlled for patient demographics (age, sex, comorbidity) was performed.

Results

Overall, 8547 patients underwent LHB tenodesis, of which 43.5% were open and 56.5% were arthroscopic procedures. There was a significant increase in the utilization of LHB tenodesis from 2011 to 2014. In isolation, open LHB tenodesis was the more common technique overall and by year. Arthroscopic LHB tenodesis was the most common tenodesis technique performed in conjunction with RCR and SLAP repair/debridement. The overall complication rate was 2.9%; only wound dehiscence demonstrated a difference between techniques.

Conclusions

The rates of open and arthroscopic LHB tenodesis procedures increased significantly from 2011 to 2014, with open techniques more common when LHB tenodesis is performed in isolation and arthroscopic techniques more common when performed as a concomitant procedure. Our use of a population database did not allow us to evaluate biomechanical or cost-related phenomena, and future research should examine these and other relevant differences between these two LHB tenodesis techniques.
Dispersion and degradation of environmental DNA from caged fish in a marine environment
Authors: Murakami Hiroaki , Yoon Seokjin , Kasai Akihide , Minamoto Toshifumi , Yamamoto Satoshi , Sakata Masayuki K. , Horiuchi Tomoya , Sawada Hideki , Kondoh Michio , Yamashita Yoh , Masuda Reiji
Published: January 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) consists of DNA fragments shed from organisms into the environment, and can be used to identify species presence and abundance. This study aimed to reveal the dispersion and degradation processes of eDNA in the sea. Caged fish were set off the end of a pier in Maizuru Bay, the Sea of Japan, and their eDNA was traced at sampling stations located at the cage and 10, 30, 100, 300, 600 and 1000 m distances from the cage along two transect lines. Sea surface water was collected at each station at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after setting the cage, and again after removing the cage. Quantitative PCR analyses using a species-specific primer and probe set revealed that the target DNA was detectable while the cage was present and for up to 1 h after removing the cage, but not at 2 h or later. Among the 57 amplified samples, 45 (79%) were collected within 30 m from the cage. These results suggest that eDNA can provide a snapshot of organisms present in a coastal marine environment.
Finite element simulation of the micromachining of nanosized-silicon-carbide-particle reinforced composite materials based on the cohesive zone model
Authors: Pen Hongmin , Guo Jianhua , Cao Zizhen , Wang Xianchong , Wang Zhiguo
Published: January 2019

A finite element method based on the cohesive zone model was used to study the micromachining process of nanosized silicon-carbide-particle (SiCp) reinforced aluminum matrix composites. As a hierarchical multiscale simulation method, the parameters for the cohesive zone model were obtained from the stress-displacement curves of the molecular dynamics simulation. The model considers the random properties of the silicon-carbide-particle distribution and the interface of bonding between the silicon carbide particles and the matrix. The machining mechanics was analyzed according to the chip morphology, stress distribution, cutting temperature, and cutting force. The simulation results revealed that the random distribution of nanosized SiCp causes non-uniform interaction between the tool and the reinforcement particles. This deformation mechanics leads to inhomogeneous stress distribution and irregular cutting force variation.
Rawlsian Objectivity
Authors: MELENOVSKY C. M.
Published: January 2019

In a 1981 letter to H .L. A. Hart, John Rawls sketches a view of moral objectivity that substantially differs from that of contemporary constructivists. The view he describes does not rely on constitutive features of agency as Korsgaard's does, and it does not bottom out in a form of realism as Scanlon's moral theory does. Instead, Rawls's view grounds objectivity on the fundamental conceptions that could be shared in wide reflective equilibrium. Constructivism grounds objectivity in a kind of intersubjectivity, and Rawls finds the relevant kind of intersubjectivity in the alignment between fundamental convictions. This article develops this Rawlsian view of objectivity and highlights its strengths.
An Alternative Way to Make Knowledge Sharing Work in Online Communities? The Effects of Hidden Knowledge Facilitators
Authors: Li-Ying Jason , Zhang Zhinan , Long Qing
Published: January 2019

Some firms use hidden knowledge facilitators (HKFs) to facilitate knowledge sharing among employees within intrafirm online communities. These firms hope for enhanced knowledge sharing outcomes within their organizations without letting employees know that HKFs exist. Yet, the extent to which HKFs’ interventions are effective remains unknown to researchers and managers. Built on the knowledge sharing (KS) literature, this study explores the unique roles of HKFs as moderators between a company and its employees. We develop several hypotheses to test the impact of the quantity and quality of HKFs’ online interventions on several KS outcomes. By analyzing log data of a Chinese corporation's online R&D community, we find that (1) thequantityof HKFs’ intervention has a mostly positive impact on KS outcomes; (2) thequalityof HKFs’ intervention has a mixed impact on several KS outcomes, depending on which aspect of quantity is considered; and (3) thequalityof HKFs’ intervention also moderates the positive impact of thequantityof HKFs’ intervention in different ways on different intended KS outcomes. This study makes a clear contribution to the literature on knowledge sharing and knowledge facilitation by demonstrating the impact of HKFs on KS outcomes in a Chinese context.
Condillac et la critique d’un système. Le cas leibnizien
Authors: LEDUC CHRISTIAN
Published: January 2019

Dans le Traité des systèmes, Condillac analyse une pluralité de métaphysiques systématiques dont celles de Spinoza, de Malebranche et de Leibniz. Les commentateurs ont principalement interprété cette diversité comme une manière pour Condillac d’illustrer son propos et de remettre en question les principaux systèmes de son époque depuis une même grille interprétative. Les moyens de son analyse diffèrent toutefois selon les pensées concernées. Cet article vise à commenter la critique du système de Leibniz afin de montrer que Condillac opère depuis des reconstructions ultérieures. Pour faire l’examen du système leibnizien, il fallait lui donner une structure architectonique qu’il trouve en bonne partie chez Wolff.
D’Alembert et le droit d’errer
Authors: LE RU VÉRONIQUE
Published: January 2019

Il s’agit de réfléchir sur la manière dont D’Alembert a pensé le droit d’errer de l’esprit. À travers deux textes, le Discours préliminaire de l’Encyclopédie de D’Alembert et les Pensées sur l’interprétation de la nature de Diderot, on tente de comprendre les enjeux épistémologiques du débat entre empirisme et rationalisme, afin d’analyser ses répercussions sur le sens scientifique à conférer aux notions de fait et de système. On montre que la réflexion de D’Alembert sur le droit d’errer de l’esprit ou sur l’obligation de risquer des hypothèses en sciences est directement issue de l’influence d’une grande Dame savante.
We Rode a Train to Write This Essay
Authors: Q JOHN , DITZLER ANDY , ORR JOEY
Published: January 2019

This essay introduces Inhabiting Cultures, a special issue of the Journal of American Studies. The guest editors, idea collective John Q, examine the relationship between method and academic writing by riding a train as a public editorial act and a way of practicing empathy in public scholarship. Contributors to this issue produce the very kinds of culture they critique. John Q tracks these activities as the careful handling of particular kinds of cultural production with a critical and ethical aim.
How to Make a K-Pop Boy Band
Authors: KIM BORA , KURODA KARIN , SHAO SAMANTHA Y.
Published: January 2019

A creative collective, I'm Making A Boy Band (IMMABB) discuss the issues of postcolonialism and identity/gender politics surrounding the transnational circulation of K-pop by sharing their process of making a non-Korean K-pop idol group called EXP in New York in the form of an experimental “how-to” manual. They also talk about the possibilities of fandom in relation to feminism and sexuality by using an in-depth analysis of the K-pop industry as well as themselves whilst blurring the line between fine art and pop culture.
Inhabiting Cultures as a Way to Other Worlds
Authors: LIPSITZ GEORGE
Published: January 2019

In a powerful but frequently overlooked passage in The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon describes expressive culture as a register of incipient social relations. He maintains that long before liberation struggles assume organized political form, perceptive observers will detect the emergence of unusual kinds of expression popping up to summon the people to view the status quo as both unreal and unacceptable.1 The essays in this special issue dedicated to the theme of Inhabiting Cultures display precisely this evidence of incipient critique and transformation. They demonstrate that tomorrow is today; that the reigning cultural forms authored and authorized by domination, exclusion and oppression have become exhausted and obsolete; and that the stirrings of a new world in the making are already here.
OP07 Real World Evidence: How Can It Improve Health Technology Assessment?
Authors: Gillespie John , Erdol Sebnem , Foteff Chris , Strachan Liesl
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Health Technology Assessment (HTA) considers the question of whether evaluated technologies are cost-effective in real world settings. As observed in HTA conducted by the Australian Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC), questions regarding the validity of data inputs to economic analyses that reflect real-world practice is a common reason for uncertainty on the cost effectiveness of new technologies. In addition to resource use and costs, there may be other uncertainties regarding the eligible patient population, patient management pathways and comparator selection. Our objective in this study was to present case studies from Australia where real world linked datasets could be better utilized to inform HTA conducted by the MSAC.

Methods:

For selected therapy areas, assessment reports and public summary documents of HTA conducted by the MSAC published between January 2015 and November 2017 were reviewed. Our analysis identified HTAs where uncertainties around the inputs for health economic evaluations, as well as uncertainties in defining eligible patient numbers or current patient pathways of care were shown to exist. We then explored whether these uncertainties could have been addressed through real world linked datasets.

Results:

Our preliminary investigations identified two assessments: MSAC assessment of capsule endoscopy and transcatheter aortic valve implantation - where availability of real world linked data could have addressed uncertainties around the inputs required for the health economic evaluations.

Conclusions:

Australia has a range of real world datasets with the potential to be used to inform HTA conducted by the MSAC. This can only be achieved if the datasets could be better linked and accessible for use by key stakeholders in the MSAC HTA process (e.g. industry, clinician, patient societies). Use of these data sets in HTA will enable timelier patient access to cost-effective technologies and more effective implementation and review of technologies after adoption into clinical practice.
OP09 Summary Of The 2018 Health Technology Assessment International Latin America Policy Forum Background Paper
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andres , Trowman Rebecca
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

The Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Latin America Policy Forum (LAPF) will meet for the third time on 23 and 24 April 2018 in Montevideo, Uruguay. The topic chosen for this meeting is ‘defining the value of health technologies in Latin America’. Due to the differing levels of maturity in the HTA systems and approaches by countries in the region, this topic deserves specific analysis and consideration for the Latin America region.

Methods:

A background paper is in development for the LAPF, and will be informed by a review of policy publications in scientific databases, google scholar plus other grey literature. The background paper will summarize the relevance of value frameworks around the world (building on the 2017 HTAi Global Policy Forum background paper and discussions) and will narratively synthesize key findings globally and draw out issues and experiences relevant to the Latin America region. This will be used to provoke the discussions and debates at the LAPF.

Results:

This presentation will focus on summarizing the background paper that was used to inform the discussion over the two days of the LAPF, highlighting the key findings on value frameworks from the Latin America region. The presentation will also summarize the key questions for deliberation that were brought to the attention of the meeting attendees, plus the key questions that were posed for the guided breakout sessions will be presented.

Conclusions:

The presentation will provide a great opportunity for HTAi members to hear about the ‘state of the art’ methodologies for valuing health technologies in the Latin America region.
OP10 Key Messages From The 2018 Health Technology Assessment Latin America Policy Forum
Authors: Sampietro-Colom Laura , Trowman Rebecca
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

The third Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Latin America Policy Forum (LAPF) will meet on 23 and 24 April 2018 in Montevideo, Uruguay. The format of the LAPF echoes that of the HTAi Global Policy Forum and provides a unique opportunity as a leadership meeting for senior people from public and private sector organizations using HTA. The aim of the LAPF is to provide an environment where senior people can engage in strategic discussions, informed by the perspectives of their different organizations, without the constraints associated with discussions of specific products or organizational policies.

Methods:

The HTAi LPF will convene around 50 senior representatives from HTA agencies and industry members active in the Latin America region. The topic that has been chosen by the organizing committee is ‘defining the value of health technologies in Latin America’ and this will be discussed over two days by attendees.

Results:

This presentation will focus on summarizing the key messages that resulted from the two days of discussions at the LAPF. The views reflected will balance those of the not-for-profit agencies and private industry sector attendees, while respecting the ‘Chatham House’ rule (whereby no quotes will be directly attributed to any attendee). It will draw out any conclusions from the plenary sessions and the guided breakout sessions from the event. Any actions that are resulting from the event will also be summarized.

Conclusions:

The presentation will provide a great opportunity for the wider HTAi membership to hear reflections on the key messages resulting from the event. This could provide an opportunity for further questions and debate surrounding the key issues to occur, such us any difference between valuing technologies in the Latin America Region with the approaches made in the European Union and North America.