bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of the Initial Response to Hydrogen-vehicle Jet-flame Accidents
Authors: Park Byoungjik , Kim Yangkyun , Lim Ohk Kun
Published: October 2023

The hydrogen tank of a hydrogen vehicle is equipped with a thermally activated pressure-relief device, which releases hydrogen gas to prevent explosion above a certain temperature, thus avoiding jet flames. This study analyzed the risk of sudden jet-flame generation during response activities following hydrogen-vehicle accidents through numerical analysis. During the jet flame, heat fluxes of over 9.5 kW/m2, which can cause second-degree burns to the driver’s seat and approximately 5 m behind the vehicle, were observed, and a zone of over 37.5 kW/m2, which can cause catastrophic damage, was formed at the immediate area, including the lower part of the vehicle. At a distance of 0.5 m from the driver’s seat, a high heat flux of approximately 80 kW/m2, which is similar to the test standard for the thermal-protection performance of fire-fighting clothing, was formed. Further analysis indicated that both rescue victims and first responders are at risk if jet flames are generated during rescue activities. The results of this analysis can be used to develop a safe accident-response strategy for hydrogen vehicles.
Simultaneous discrete and continuum multiresolution topology optimization
Authors:   , Mejías Salinas Gonzalo Alejandro
Published: October 2023

En el campo de las estructuras continuas, los métodos basados en la densidad para la optimización topológica son bien conocidos y ampliamente estudiados. Asimismo, en el área de estructuras de elementos discretos (cuasi-) óptimos existe un trabajo significativo que incluso puede considerar modelos constitutivos no lineales. Este trabajo busca sentar un precedente al combinar estas estrategias, es decir, optimizar la topología de elementos continuos y discretos simultáneamente con la posibilidad de incluir modelos constitutivos no lineales para los elementos discretos. La optimización simultánea de continuo y discreto plantea varios desafíos matemáticos y numéricos, algunos de los cuales han sido documentados previamente. El presente trabajo aborda una gran cantidad de estos desafíos y presenta una implementación computacional robusta y estable como prueba de concepto.
Boundary integral equations methods for electromagnetic scattering by periodic arrays
Authors:   , Strauszer Caussade Thomas
Published: October 2023

Esta tesis introduce un nuevo método de ecuaciones integrales de frontera (BIE) para la solución numérica de problemas de dispersión de ondas planas por conjuntos de ordenamientos periódicos de obstáculos penetrables bi- y tri-dimensionales y biperiódicos tri-dimensionales penetrables. El enfoque se basa en una formulación BIE directa que aprovecha la simplicidad de la función de Green en el espacio libre, pero que a su vez implica evaluación de integrales sobre los límites de la celda unitaria. Estas integrales se tratan aquí mediante el método de la función ventana de Green. La aproximación por ventanas, junto con una corrección basada en un operador de rango finito es utilizado para imponer correctamente la condición de radiación de Rayleigh, obteniendo una BIE robusta de segunda clase que produce soluciones super-algebraicamente convergentes en todo el espectro, incluso en las desafiantes anomalías de Rayleigh-Wood. El BIE corregido con ventanas puede discretizarse mediante los métodos habituales de Nyström y y métodos de elementos de frontera, y conduce a sistemas lineales adecuados para los solucionadores iterativos de álgebra lineal, así como para los algoritmos rápidos de productos matriciales y vectoriales. Una serie de ejemplos numéricos demuestran la precisión y robustez de la metodología propuesta.
Digital and postdigital art: from aesthetics of a subject to the ontology of an object
Authors: Khandogin Ruslan
Published: October 2023

The study highlights the increasing diversity of digital and postdigital art along with its rising or even defining influence on various phenomena and spheres of sociocultural reality. Based on ideological attitudes and value orientations, the media reality, through the ontologization of digital and postdigital art, becomes a social model of understanding reality and social life, while organizing communication, interpretation of meanings, and translation of ideas in a special way. In counterpoint to the scientific, technocratic paradigm, which in many respects dominates the digital and postdigital realm, the digital and postdigital space simultaneously becomes an arena for the revival of archaic consciousness. The essential and content foundations and aspects of the digital and postdigital manifest the categorical, conceptual, and essential ideas of art in general. They interact with the social, cultural, political, as well as geographical and topological, environments to the point of creating new cultural, social, symbolic, and material phenomena, hybrid and transformed forms. The essence of beauty is accessed through representations, mediated by symbolic, semantic, and essential agents. The study addresses specific aspects of digital art from the standpoint of materialistic approaches, postmodern concepts, network theories, and social constructivism. Particular attention is paid to the ontologization of art objects in the framework of object-oriented philosophy. Art objects acquire their ontological status from their own authenticity and gain their reality from the outside. Digital and postdigital art combines the immanent with the transcendent, which makes its objects possible or necessary, perceivable or real. Digital and postdigital art is marked by duality and ambivalence, which form a holistic unity in the aspects of object-subject relations and the social and non-human sections of reality.
Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests Associated with Karanja (Pongomia pinnata L.) Pierre Based Agroforestry System
Authors: Pandre Bhagwat Prasad , Saryam Manoher , Bhalawe Shailendra , Ahirwar Rameshwar , Bajpai R. , Jena Pooja
Published: October 2023

A study was carried out at Jabalpur (M.P.), India on the population dynamics of the major inspect pests in Karanja (Pongomia pinnata L.) Pierre in 40 provenances intercropped with soybean. Three major insect pests namely leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii), white fly (Bemissia tabaci) and and stemfly (Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner)) were found infesting the karanja trees well as soybean crop A girdle beetle (Obereopsis bravis) and cow bug were also observed. Incidence of cow bug started in the first week of July and continued up to last of September. The population of cow bug attained its peak. by the middle of August at minimum and maximum temperature of 23.5℃ and 31.5℃ respectively, minimum and maximum relative humidity of 75% and 88% respectively and rainfall of 122 mm. The incidence of stem fly appeared from second week of august and continued up to last week of October and its highest population synchronized with adequate number of leaves of tree. The correlation studies a significant and positive correlation and did not differ significant between the insect population of white fly, girdle beetle and bark cater pillar between The population dynamics of Jassid. stem fly girdle, and bark eating caterpillar was not affected by average relative humidity.
Involvement of Women Dairy Farmers in Decision Making Regarding Dairy Farm Activities in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Keerthi V. , Anitha A. , Rao K. Ananda , Sudhakar K.
Published: October 2023

An investigation was carried out to study the decision making of 225 women dairy farmers regarding dairy farm activities in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. The data was collected by administering the interview schedule to the respondents. The data collected during the period of study was scrutinized and tabulated. The study revealed that majority of farm women were participating in decision making regarding taking loans (82.67%), health care of animals (80.00%), management of newborn calves (80.00%), insurance of animals (73.33%), culling of uneconomic animals (73.33%), construction of animal sheds (58.67%), and breeding practices (56.00%) in Narasaraopeta division. .Majority of  women dairy farmers in Pedaravuru division were participating in decision making regarding farm expansion (64.00%), purchase of loans (61.33%) and insurance of animals (60.00%) whereas  majority of women in Guntur division were participating in decision making in purchase of roughages and feeding of animals (64.00%). Overall, significant (P≤0.01) majority of farm women were participating in decision making regarding purchase of roughages and feeding of animals (44.89%). Only 13.30%, 12.40%, 11.60% and 6.70% were participating in decision making regarding management of pregnant animals, management of sick animals, utility of dung and adoption of scientific management practices, respectively. Overall, 35.60% and 12.90% were regularly participating in decision making regarding preparation of milk products and sale of milk, respectively.
Evaluation of Potential Therapeutic Activity of Nelumbo nucifera as Anti Inflammatory and Analgesic Agent in Rat Model
Authors: Nadvi Faisal Ahmed , Urmi Amina Begum , Ankhi Arjina Akter , Akter Salma , Tabassum Tahsina , Tahsin Md. Rafat , Amran Md. Shah
Published: October 2023

Although inflammation is the body's defensive action against cell or tissue damage in order to prevent and treat diseases like infections, chronic or excessive inflammation can be dangerous and can develop several health issues. Nowadays, conventional drugs for inflammation are growing more expensive with increased levels of risks and can only provide specific treatments. On the contrary, medicinal plants are highly beneficial natural sources for anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments which lessen the cost and risks in medications. Thus, studies were conducted and carried out in vivo and in silico to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as “Sacred Lotus” in rats.

Nelumbo nucifera plants were collected and then extracted with 70% ethanol for the research on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Moreover, carrageenan, acetic acid, standard drugs (Ibuprofen and Aspirin) and blood serum measuring kits were made available for the study. Additionally, Wister albino rats were separated into 5 groups and subjected to the in vivo analysis ensuring strict compliance with the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IEAC) guidelines. In this study, carrageenan induced tests were observed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and for the evaluation of analgesic effect writhing tests upon acetic acid induction and tail flick tests were performed. Correspondingly, the results of the test Nelumbo nucifera plant showed similar potential with improved safety measures in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with the traditional medicines. 

In the test of anti-inflammatory efficacy, we observed a highly significant decrease (p< 0.05) in paw volume in the rats treated with high dose of Nelumbo nucifera.  When Nelumbo nucifera was administered in both the writhing test and the tail flick test, where rats were given acetic acid, we also noticed a significant result in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, with high doses of Nelumbo nucifera demonstrated highly statistical significance (p<0.05) in most of the case. whereas control medicines displayed more precise activity than that of plant extract. Thus, it may be concluded that the whole extract of Nelumbo nucifera had potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in rats but the potency comes little bit lower than standard marketed drug. Therefore, frequent and progressive studies should be conducted in order to increase the prevalence for integration of medicinal plants in the treatment of inflammation and pain caused in various health conditions.
Percutaneous Intervention for a Stuck Mechanical Prosthetic Valve at Mitral Position as a Bailout Procedure in a High Surgical Risk Candidate
Authors: Shaikh Salman , Munde Kalyan S. , T. S. Anagh
Published: October 2023

Mechanical heart valves are the preferred choice for younger individuals when the native valves cannot undergo repair, primarily due to their exceptional durability. It is crucial to meticulously manage the international normalized ratio (INR) within the range of 2.5 to 3.5 to ensure optimal valve function and minimise the risk of thromboembolic complications. Our case report serves to demonstrate the effectiveness of percutaneous balloon dilatation through transcatheter methods as an innovative and promising approach to release a stuck valve, representing a noteworthy addition to the spectrum of treatment options.
Effect of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)- Pulses Intercropping System with Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet
Authors: Shiyal V. N. , Patel V. M. , Gamit M. K. , Patel K. K. , Kotadiya P. L.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) to study the effect of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) - pulses intercropping system and nutrient management on growth and yield of pearl millet during summer season of the years 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design consisting 24 treatment combinations replicated thrice. The main plot treatments comprised of four intercropping system viz., sole pearl millet (I1), pearl millet + greengram (I2), pearl millet + blackgram (I3), pearl millet + cowpea (I4) and six nutrient management practices in sub plot viz. control (F1), 100% RDF to pearl millet through inorganic fertilizer (F2), 5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F3), 5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV (F4), 25% RDN through FYM + 75% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F5) and 50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F6). Among main plot effect, significantly higher dry matter accumulation per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yields of pearl millet were noted in sole pearl millet (I1) during both the years of investigation as well as in pooled analysis. Whereas plant height and pearl millet equivalent yield was significantly higher in pearl millet + greengram (I2) intercropping system. In case of sub plot nutrient management practices, significantly higher values of plant height, dry matter accumulation per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yields as well as pearl millet equivalent yield were recorded in F4 (5 t/ha FYM + RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV) which remained statistically at par with treatment F3 (5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer) treatment. Interaction effect of I1F4 (sole pearl millet along with 5 t/ha FYM + RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV) resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation per plant at 60 DAS and harvest, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yield of pearl millet.
Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Economics of HDPS Cotton
Authors: Srikala K. , Reddy T. Prabhakar , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra , Mahadevappa S. G.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2022 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and mepiquat chloride on the yield and economics of HDPS cotton. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of this experiment revealed that application of T9: 125% RDN applied in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS recorded significantly higher number of bolls plant-1 (11.7), boll weight (4.49 g) and seed cotton yield (2484 kg ha-1). In terms of economic analysis, this treatment also exhibited the highest gross returns (₹ 1,78,872 ha-1), net returns (₹ 1,03,878 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.39). Conversely, the application of T1: 75% RDN in recommended splits of 20, 40, 60, 80 DAS recorded the lowest number of bolls plant-1 (8.0), boll weight (2.53 g) and seed cotton yield (1402 kg ha-1), as well as lower gross returns (₹ 1,02,766 ha-1), net returns (₹ 33,802 ha-1) and BC ratio (1.50).  Based on these findings, it is recommended to adopt the practice of applying T9: 125% RDN (150 kg N ha-1) in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS to achieve maximum yield and economic returns of HDPS cotton.
Crop Classification and Crop Acreage Estimation Using Geospatial Technology in the Upper Gangetic Plains of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Hegde Arjun Shreepad , Ranjan Rajeev , Jha Ankita , Hegde Samarth Shreepad
Published: October 2023

Timely and accurate crop mapping plays an important role in food security, economic and environmental policies. Crop maps are also utilized for agro-environmental assessments and crop water usage monitoring. As a result, accurate and timely crop classification is essential for agricultural management and monitoring. Because it provides periodic large-scale observations of ground objects, satellite remote sensing has been regarded as an advanced tool to characterize crop types and their distributions on a regional scale. High-resolution, multispectral images of October 13, 2021, December 7, 2021 and March 6, 2022 of sentinel-2 satellite released by the European Space Agency (ESA) have been used for classification. Ground truth points have been collected manually with the android app ‘Mapmarker’ and Google Earth. Further, pre-processing of satellite imageries such as resampling, mosaicking and sub-setting have been done with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software. Crop classification and acreage estimation was conducted using Maximum Likelihood approach. It is the first time an attempt was made to estimate cropping intensity using geospatial technology in the upper Gangetic plains of Uttarakhand state. Rice and sugarcane areas of 108,884 ha and 11,479 ha, respectively, were estimated from the October 13, 2021 image. Pea crop area was estimated as 6,227 ha from December 7, 2021 image. Using March 6, 2022 image, wheat and mustard crop areas were estimated as 105,334 ha and 2,018 ha, respectively.
Women Struggle for Workers' Rights in Radical and Moderate Feminist Media
Authors: Auliani Tifa , Rewindinar
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study sought to take a closer look at how a message and theme are presented by two online feminist alternative media considered to have distinct styles, namely Konde.co which is Radical and Magdalene.co which is Moderate, sincethe text in the news contains a powerful ability to influence the public’s views towards existing reality.  

Study Design:  This study used quantitative text analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: 35 articles that are relevant to the topic were taken as research material, with a publication period between April 1, 2019 –May 31, 2023. This period was chosen due to the nuance of Labor Day where many working women voiced their aspirations at that moment

Methodology: Content analysis is an important research method in social sciences and human sciences. This method has two key advantages. First, it accepts symbolic communications, which are relatively unstructured, as data. It means that content analysis can accept data in the form of text, images, or other symbols, even if they lack clear formal structures.

Results: Text in the news is very effective in shaping public perceptions of existing reality. In the context of news, text functions as a representation of communication. Through words, sentences and writing styles, text in news can shape how readers perceive and judge reality. In addition, text as a symbol has the ability to convey meaning that seeps into people's feelings or emotions. The massive scale of developments in information technology makes it easier for people to access text in the news. It is also utilized by certain groups to disseminate information using their media. As a result, media have grown healthily in Indonesia.

Conclusion:  It is clear from this study that Konde.co and Magdalene.co, among others, fill the role of alternative media in voicing women's issues, especially working women. Konde.co is aggressively voicing the issue of female workers using radical language and diction. Magdalene.co, on the other hand, is consistent in pushing the belief that women deserve the same stability and career path as men.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR KONSEP BANGUNAN HIJAU YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN CALON KONSUMEN RUMAH KELAS MENENGAH DAN MENENGAH ATAS DI SURABAYA
Authors: Hartono Florentcia , Kwanda Timoticin , Rahardjo Jani
Published: October 2023

Penerapan konsep bangunan gedung hijau berfokus untuk menekan emisi CO2, sehingga mengurangi efek bahaya pada lingkungan, dan pemakaian energi menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Sayangnya, penelitian mengenai konsep ini di Surabaya belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari faktor-faktor konsep bangunan gedung hijau yang dipertimbangkan oleh calon konsumen dalam memilih rumah kelas menengah dan menengah-atas di Surabaya. Pemilihan didasari luas kavling yang besar dan tidak dibatasi harga jualnya, sehingga penerapan konsep bangunan gedung hijau lebih leluasa untuk diterapkan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor dari total 108 responden yang akan membeli rumah di Surabaya dan dikumpulkan secara daring melalui kuesioner, hipotesis yang diajukan benar yaitu terdapat perbedaan faktor konsep bangunan gedung hijau yang dipertimbangkan oleh calon pembeli, dengan faktor paling dipertimbangkan yaitu desain pemanfaatan cahaya matahari dan sirkulasi udara alami. Selain itu, 88.0% responden mengharapkan bangunan rumah yang mereka pertimbangkan memenuhi faktor bangunan hijau peringkat platinum menurut standar Green Building Council Indonesia.
MULTI-RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND LEVELING IN MULTI-PROJECT SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH HYBRID-CHROMOSOME NON-DOMINATED SORTING GENETIC ALGORITHM II
Authors: Alvin Nathaniel , Yang I-Tung
Published: October 2023

Multi-resource allocation and leveling in multi-project (MR-AL-MP) scheduling refers to the attempt of producing a project schedule with minimum project duration and maximum resource utilization while complying with all precedence and resource availability constraints in a multi-project environment involving multiple resources. This study proposes a model that integrates both resource allocation and leveling models into a unified framework. This study develops a modified version of the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), called Hybrid-Chromosome NSGA-II, as the optimization algorithm. For validation purposes, the performance of Hybrid-Chromosome NSGA-II is compared with two benchmark metaheuristic algorithms which are Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Multi-Objective Symbiotic Organisms Search (MOSOS) in optimizing a case study. It is shown that the proposed model and algorithm are able to produce a set of non-dominated solutions that represent the feasible trade-off relationships between the objectives. Furthermore, the Hybrid-Chromosome NSGA-II is superior to MOPSO and MOSOS in terms of the quality, spread, and diversity of the solutions.
PENGARUH PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL TERHADAP SAFETY BEHAVIOR DENGAN MEDIASI COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE PADA PEKERJA KONSTRUKSI SURABAYA
Authors: Suteja Stanley Filberto Ciasie , Andi Andi , Rahardjo Jani
Published: October 2023

Kondisi psychological capital (PC) pekerja adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi safety behavior (SB) pekerja. Keadaan psikologis pekerja yang sehat akan bermanfaat untuk lebih mengembangkan SB pekerja. Peran communication competence (CC) dari pekerja juga merupakan hal yang cukup penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah PC dapat mempengaruhi SB. Selain itu bagaimana peran CC dalam memediasi hubungan pengaruh PC terhadap SB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode partial least square. Pengambilan data penelitian didapatkan dari kuisioner secara offline. Didapatkan data sebanyak 89 responden. Dari hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa PC berpengaruh terhadap SB. Tanpa dimediasi oleh CC hanya satu dimensi PC yang berpengaruh terhadap SB. Sedangkan ketika hubungan PC terhadap SB dimediasi oleh CC terdapat dua dimensi PC yang berpengaruh terhadap SB. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan pengaruh PC terhadap SB berhasil dimediasi oleh CC yang dimiliki pekerja.
Predictions of the number of suspended surgeries using software Power BI® in a university hospital - Previsões do número de cirurgias suspensas utilizando o software Power BI® em um Hospital Universitário
Authors: Berenguer Flores José Guilhermo , Silva Romero de Melo , Aragão Machado Daniel , Sousa da Silva Alexandre
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: analisar as cirurgias suspensas, realizando previsões futuras de três meses, a partir de outubro de 2022, através de um gráfico de linhas utilizando o software Power BI®. Método: se utilizou a técnica de médias moveis ponderada, alisamento exponencial simples, utilizando a ferramenta gráfico de linhas do Power BI®, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e previsões de três meses. Resultados: os resultados demostraram que existem diferentes etapas para construir previsões e alguns pré-requisitos devem ser preenchidos, foram encontradas as seguintes previsões com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança: novembro 134(97,172), dezembro 141(102,180), janeiro 147(106.188). Conclusão: a utilização de previsões pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisão, prever problemas e sempre necessário na gestão de um hospital, podendo até suprimir gastos se antecipando a uma variedade de problemas.
Zinc‐Ion and Proton as Joint Charge Carriers of S‐MoO2 for High‐Capacity Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zixuan , Han Mingming , Sun Yadi , Cui Yingxue , El‐khodary Sherif A. , Ng Dickon H. L. , Lian Jiabiao , Ma Jianmin
Published: October 2023

Molybdenum‐based materials are regarded as promising candidates for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) because of their multi‐valences and high specific capacity. However, the structural instability of MoS2 and sluggish reaction kinetics of MoO2 restrict their further development in AZIBs. Herein, the MoO2 with in situ inherited sulfur atoms (S‐MoO2) is successfully prepared by heat treatment of MoS2 in static air. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of inherited S atoms and introduced O vacancies, the S‐MoO2 exhibits higher specific/rate capacities (236 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 105 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1) and better cycling stability (81% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1) than the perfect MoO2. More significantly, the in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ex situ spectroscopic techniques comprehensively elucidate that zinc‐ion and proton as joint charge carriers insert/extract into/from S‐MoO2 through the (011) and (020) planes with high reversibility. This work provides a guideline for understanding the multi‐ion storage mechanism of cathode materials for high‐capacity AZIBs.
Lightning the Spin: Harnessing the Potential of 2D Magnets in Opto‐Spintronics
Authors: Liu Sheng , Malik Iftikhar Ahmed , Zhang Vanessa Li , Yu Ting
Published: October 2023

Since the emergence of 2D magnets in 2017, the diversity of these materials has greatly expanded. Their 2D nature (atomic‐scale thickness) endows these magnets with strong magnetic anisotropy, layer‐dependent and switchable magnetic order, and quantum‐confined quasiparticles, which distinguish them from conventional 3D magnetic materials. Moreover, the 2D geometry facilitates light incidence for opto‐spintronic applications and potential on‐chip integration. In analogy to optoelectronics based on optical–electronic interactions, opto‐spintronics use light‐spin interactions to process spin information stored in the solid state. In this review, opto‐spintronics is divided into three types with respect to the wavelengths of radiation interacting with 2D magnets: 1) GHz (microwave) to THz (mid‐infrared), 2) visible, and 3) UV to X‐rays. It is focused on the recent research advancements on the newly discovered mechanisms of light‐spin interactions in 2D magnets and introduces the potential design of novel opto‐spintronic applications based on these interactions.
Observation of Ferroelectric Lithography on Biodegradable PLA Films
Authors: Jiang Huan‐Huan , Song Xian‐Jiang , Lv Hui‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zhang Han‐Yue
Published: October 2023

Ferroelectric lithography, which can purposefully control and pattern ferroelectric domains in the micro‐/nanometer scale, has extensive applications in data memories, field‐effect transistors, race‐track memory, tunneling barriers, and integrated biochemical sensors. In pursuit of mechanical flexibility and light weight, organic ferroelectric polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) are developed; however, they still suffer from complicated stretching processes of film fabrication and poor degradability. These poor features severely hinder their applications. Here, the ferroelectric lithography on the biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) thin films at room temperature is demonstrated. The semicrystalline PLA thin film can be easily fabricated through the melt‐casting method, and the desired domain structures can be precisely written according to the predefined patterns. Most importantly, the coercive voltage (Vc) of PLA thin film is relatively low (lower than 30 V) and can be further reduced with the decrease of the film thickness. These intriguing behaviors combined with satisfying biodegradability make PLA thin film a desirable candidate for ferroelectric lithography and enable its future application in the field of bioelectronics and biomedicine. This work sheds light on further exploration of ferroelectric lithography on other polymer ferroelectrics as well as their application as nanostructured devices.
Scalable Bilayer MoS2‐Based Vertically Inverted p–i–n Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Im Healin , Kim Jungho , Kim Jiwan , Kim Sunkook
Published: October 2023

Herein, a vertically inverted p–i–n architecture of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is designed for manufacturing feasibility and demonstrated scalable bilayer MoS2‐based LEDs. A 4 inch scale bilayer MoS2 is prepared by a two‐step growth method allocating the pre‐deposition of a few‐nm thick metal film and post‐sulfurization. To apply bilayer MoS2 for an active layer in LEDs, the film is transferred over ZnO nanoparticle layers, an electron transfer layer, and then the rest of the LED components are constructed by thermal deposition. This vertically inverted LED architecture allows individual organic or inorganic components to incorporate without degradation during the wet‐transfer process and transfer electron or hole carriers across separate layers, resulting in efficient radiative recombination in the MoS2 emitting layer. MoS2‐based LEDs exhibit electroluminescence of ≈5.41 cd m−2 throughout four active areas of 6.25 mm2 at a driving voltage of 7 V. Therefore, this achievement can overcome the drawbacks of existing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)‐based optoelectrical applications and extend its potential in various fields, such as flexible, ultrathin, or transparent displays.
First Observation of Induced Ferroelectric and Magnetoelectric Properties in Pristine and Ni‐Intercalated Mo2TiC2Tx Double Transition Metal MXene
Authors: Tahir Rabia , Hakim M. Waqas , Murtaza Adil , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Rizwan Syed
Published: October 2023

In recent years, multiferroic (MF) materials have attained remarkable attention because of their exceptional ability to demonstrate both ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic properties simultaneously which has lead to their applications in memory, sensors, and energy storage devices. Here, a simple synthesis approach is used to enhance the ferroelectricity and induce the multiferroicity in double transition metal carbide (DTM) MXene film. The successful synthesis is confirmed by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. In addition, the FE and magnetic hysteresis (MH) loops are conducted to observe the nature of synthesized materials. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric (ME) effect is also examined to explore its significance in data storage and ME signal generation devices. Thus, the findings reveal the first report on the co‐existence of FE and magnetic properties of DTM MXene for potential applications in nano‐electronic devices of future technology.
Screening of sealing materials for PEM fuel cell applications based on weight factor method
Authors: Yao Huan , Yang Daijun , Lu Yirui , Ma Jingwen , Ming Pingwen , Li Bing , Zhang Cunman
Published: October 2023

The inexpensive, endurable sealing members are among the key components determining the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, there is a lack of effective in situ measurement to monitor the sealing performance change in the fuel cell operation environment. Therefore, the durability of a sealing material should be assessed previously to its application. The present work investigates four types of commercially available sealing silicone rubbers, and five groups of aging tests are carried out to compare their properties and durability in a simulated PEMFC environment, including compression set, stress relaxation, compression stress–strain, solution soaking, and low‐temperature characterization. Furthermore, to comprehensively evaluate the performance of these four types of silicone rubbers and screen out the most suitable one, a comprehensive evaluation table of sealing materials selection based on weight factor was established through an expert survey method, by which the experimental results of all the silicone rubbers can be weighted and scored. This method can be widely used in the fuel cell industry.
A standardized and efficient technique to estimate seed traits in plants with numerous small propagules
Authors: Steinecke Christina , Lee Jeremiah , Friedman Jannice
Published: October 2023

Premise

Variation in seed traits is common within and among populations of plant species and often has ecological and evolutionary implications. However, due to the time‐consuming nature of manual seed measurements and the level of variability in imaging techniques, quantifying and interpreting the extent of seed variation can be challenging.

Methods

We developed a standardized high‐throughput technique to measure seed number, as well as individual seed area and color, using a derived empirical scale to constrain area in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and Mimulus guttatus. We develop a specific rational model using seed area measured at various spatial scales relative to the pixel count, observing the asymptotic value of the seed area as the modeled number of pixels approaches infinity.

Results

We found that our model has high reliability in estimating seed traits and efficiently processes large numbers of images, facilitating the quantification of seed traits in studies with large sample sizes.

Discussion

This technique facilitates consistency between imaging sessions and standardizes the measurement of seed traits. These novel advances allow researchers to directly and reliably measure seed traits, which will enable tests of the ecological and evolutionary causes of their variation.
Contrasting patterns of biodiversity across wetland habitats using single‐time‐point environmental DNA surveys
Authors: Coleman Harrison T. , Matthews Ty G. , Sherman Craig D. H. , Holland Owen J. , Clark Zach S. R. , Farrington Lachlan , Prentice Gavin , Miller Adam D.
Published: October 2023

Wildlife surveys are central to the conservation and restoration management of wetland habitats; however, the often laborious and costly nature of traditional survey methods can constrain the spatial and temporal extent and replication of survey efforts.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) technologies now provide the opportunity to reduce some of these limitations, but applications in temporary and permanent freshwater marshes and meadows (herein referred to as ‘wetland habitats’) remain limited. This study investigates the performance of single‐time‐point eDNA surveys for characterizing fish, amphibian and bird assemblages of wetland habitats in south‐eastern Australia. Comparisons were made between coastal and inland wetlands, between wetlands of varying condition and between eDNA and traditional surveys.

Findings show that eDNA surveys can provide comprehensive descriptions of faunal assemblages associated with wetland habitats, with resolution similar to that provided by traditional survey approaches. Analyses also revealed significant differences in patterns of biodiversity between wetland types (coastal vs. inland) but not between wetland habitats varying in condition.

Overall, this study confirms that eDNA surveys provide a reliable option for undertaking wetland biodiversity assessments aimed at improving biodiversity data coverage for otherwise data deficient wetlands.
Photoredox Metal‐Free Synthesis of Unnatural β‐Silyl‐α‐Amino Acids via Hydrosilylation
Authors: Wang Guo‐Qin , Wang Ting , Zhang Yue , Zhou Yuan‐Xia , Yang Dan , Han Pan , Jing Lin‐Hai
Published: October 2023

An efficient, practical and metal‐free methodology for the synthesis of β‐silyl‐α‐amino acid motifs via photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process is described. This protocol enables the direct hydrosilylation of dehydroalanine derivatives and tolerates a wide array of functional groups and synthetic handles, leading to valuable β‐silyl‐α‐amino acids with moderate to good yields.
Variation in Black students’ conceptions of academic support
Authors: Mimirinis Mike , Ventouris Annita , Wright Elina
Published: October 2023

The persistence of degree‐awarding gaps and anti‐Black racism warrant an exploration of the quality and effectiveness of academic support offered to Black undergraduate students in British higher education, and how such support is perceived by students. Our phenomenographic study found that Black students’ conceptions of academic support range from broad expectations of help with their studies to more advanced understandings of their own agency and the context of academic support. Our results highlight that attempts to enhance academic support should revisit three interconnected areas: what type of academic support is provided, where, and by whom. Most importantly, we propose a new inclusive direction that replaces existing deficit models with approaches that will strengthen Black students’ agential effectiveness within historically White institutions.
Proliferation of mammalian cells with Chlorococcum littorale algal compounds without serum support
Authors: Ghosh Jayeesha , Akiyama Yoshikatsu , Haraguchi Yuji , Yamanaka Kumiko , Asahi Toru , Nakao Yoichi , Shimizu Tatsuya
Published: October 2023

In recent years, serum‐free medium for mammalian cell cultivation has attracted a lot of attention, considering the high cost of production and environmental load involved in developing the conventional animal sera. The use of alternative growth‐promoting products in mammalian cell cultivation such as extracts from microalgae has proven to be quite beneficial and environmental‐friendly. This research aims to cultivate mammalian cells with growth‐promoting factors derived from Chlorococcum littorale. We have established a simple extraction using the ultrasonication method and applied the extract in place of serum on mammalian C2C12 cell lines, 3T3 cell lines, and CHO cell lines to compare and analyze the effectiveness of the extract. Cell passage was conducted in a suspended culture condition with the addition of the extract. The results indicate that the extract from microalgae shows a high proliferation rate in all cell lines without fetal bovine serum. Moreover, it is eco‐friendly and has huge potential to replace the traditional cell culture system. It could be applied in the fields of regenerative medicine, gene/cell therapies, as well as cultured meat production.
Extremely Slow Thermally‐Induced Spin Crossover in the Two‐Dimensional Network [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2
Authors: Książek Maria , Weselski Marek , Kaźmierczak Marcin , Półrolniczak Aleksandra , Katrusiak Andrzej , Paliwoda Damian , Kusz Joachim , Bronisz Robert
Published: October 2023

Cooling [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2 (bbtr=1,4‐di(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)butane) triggers very slow spin crossover below 80 K (T1/2↓=76 K). The spin crossover (SCO) is accompanied by a hysteresis loop (T1/2↑=89 K). In contrast to isostructural perchlorate analogue [Fe(bbtr)3](ClO4)2 in which spin crossover during cooling is preceded by phase transition at TPT=126 K in tetrafluoroborate phase transition does not occur to the beginning of spin crossover (80 K). Studies of mixed crystals [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2(1‐x)(ClO4)2x (0.5≤x≤0.9) showed that a phase transition precedes spin crossover, however, for x≅0.46 intersection of T1/2(x) and TPT(x) dependencies takes place. The application of pressure of 1 GPa shifts the spin crossover in [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2 to a temperature above 270 K. High‐pressure studies of neat tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate, as well as mixed crystals [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2(1‐x)(ClO4)2x (0.1≤x≤0.9), revealed that at 295 K P1/2 value changes linearly with x indicating similar mechanism of spin crossover under elevated pressure in all systems under investigation. Variable pressure single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed that in contrast to thermally induced spin crossover undergoing differently in tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate an application of high pressure removes this differentiation leading to a similar mechanism depending at first on start spin crossover and then P‐3→P‐1 phase transition occurs. In this report we have shown that 2D coordination polymer [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2 (bbtr=1,4‐di(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)butane) treated to date as spin crossover silent shows thermally induced spin crossover phenomenon. Spin crossover in tetrafluoroborate is extremely slow. Determination of the spin crossover curve required carrying measurement in the settle mode‐cooling from 85 to 70 K took about 600 h (average velocity of change of temperature ca. 0.0004 K/min).
A Proof‐of‐Principle Design for Through‐Space Transmission of Unidirectional Rotary Motion by Molecular Photogears**
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Stafström Sven , Durbeej Bo
Published: October 2023

The construction of molecular photogears that can achieve through‐space transmission of the unidirectional double‐bond rotary motion of light‐driven molecular motors onto a remote single‐bond axis is a formidable challenge in the field of artificial molecular machines. Here, we present a proof‐of‐principle design of such photogears that is based on the possibility of using stereogenic substituents to control both the relative stabilities of two helical forms of the photogear and the double‐bond photoisomerization reaction that connects them. The potential of the design was verified by quantum‐chemical modeling through which photogearing was found to be a favorable process compared to free‐standing single‐bond rotation (“slippage”). Overall, our study unveils a surprisingly simple approach to realizing unidirectional photogearing.
A phase 2 trial combining afatinib with cetuximab in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion–positive non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: van Veggel Bianca A. M. H. , van der Wekken Anthonie J. , Paats Marthe S. , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Hashemi Sayed M. S. , Daletzakis Antonios , van den Broek Daan , Bosch Linda J. W. , Monkhorst Kim , Smit Egbert F. , de Langen Adrianus J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations are the third most common EGFR mutations in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with primary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). There is evidence of activity of combining EGFR TKIs with monoclonal antibodies. This study reports on the efficacy and safety of afatinib in combination with cetuximab.

Methods

In this single‐arm phase 2 trial, patients with advanced NSCLC harboring an EGFR ex20ins mutation were treated with afatinib 40 mg once daily in combination with cetuximab 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. The primary end point was disease control rate (DCR) at 18 weeks of treatment.

Results

Thirty‐seven patients started treatment, with a median age of 65 years (range, 40–80 years), 78% female, and 95% White. The study achieved its primary end point with a DCR of 54% at 18 weeks, an overall response rate (ORR) of 43%, and a 32% confirmed ORR. Best responses were partial (n = 16), stable (n = 16), progressive disease (n = 2), or not evaluable (n = 3). Median progression‐free survival was 5.5 months (95% CI, 3.7–8.3 months) and median overall survival was 16.8 months (95% CI, 10.7–25.8 months). The most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were diarrhea (70%), rash (65%), dry skin (59%), paronychia (54%), and erythema (43%). Grade 3 TRAEs were reported in 54% of all patients.

Conclusions

Combination treatment with afatinib and cetuximab demonstrated antitumor activity with a DCR of 54% at 18 weeks and a 32% confirmed ORR. Toxicity was significant, although manageable, after dose reduction.
The Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Rimegepant 75 mg Are Similar in Elderly and Nonelderly Adults: A Phase 1, Open‐Label, Parallel‐Group, Single‐Dose Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Morris Beth , Bertz Richard , Croop Robert , Liu Jing
Published: October 2023

Rimegepant is a small‐molecule calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine ± aura and preventive treatment of migraine in adults. The pharmacokinetics of rimegepant in elderly and nonelderly subjects were evaluated. In an open‐label Phase 1 study, 14 elderly (aged 65 years or older) and 14 nonelderly (aged 18 to less than 45 years) subjects each received a single oral dose of rimegepant 75 mg. Blood samples were collected before dosing and through 96 hours after dosing. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rimegepant after a single dose were similar in both age groups. Geometric least‐squares mean ratios (elderly/nonelderly) of the natural log‐transformed maximum observed plasma concentration and natural log‐transformed area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were 96.6 and 104.6, respectively. Eight (28.6%) subjects (4 elderly, 4 nonelderly) experienced 1 or more adverse events (AEs); all AEs were mild in intensity, and no serious AEs or AEs leading to discontinuation were reported. Following a single 75‐mg dose of oral rimegepant, pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in elderly and nonelderly adults; no dose adjustment is warranted in elderly subjects.
Isomer‐Dependent Escape Rate of Xenon from a Water‐Soluble Cryptophane Cage Studied by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Pollet R. , Dognon J.‐P. , Berthault P.
Published: October 2023

The escape of xenon from the anti and syn diastereomers of hexacarboxylic‐cryptophane‐222 in water has been studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The structures of both complexes, when the xenon atom is trapped inside their cages, have been compared and show no major differences. The free‐energy profiles corresponding to the escape reaction have been calculated with the Blue Moon ensemble method using the distance between Xe and the center of mass of the cage as the reaction coordinate. The resulting free‐energy barriers are very different; the escape rate is much faster in the case of the syn diastereomer, in agreement with experimental data obtained in hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. Our simulations reveal the mechanistic details for each diastereomer and provide an explanation for the different in‐out xenon rates based on the solvation structure around the cages.