bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMISING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND GROUP WORK AMONGST TERTIARY STUDENTS
Authors: Arashpour Mehrdad , Lamborn Julia , Farzanehfar Parisa
Published: March 2020

Team work and group assessments have become very common in the higher education context with the aim of enhancing communication skills and student engagement. However, group member accountability introduces a new challenge and constraint to groups in achieving their best performance. To investigate this issue, the current research analyzes the relationship between performance of individual members and group composure to test their relationship and dependency. Towards this research aim, individual and group marks in several units in were analyzed statistically. Empirical results show that there is tendency amongst same-gender students to team up together and this has a significant impact on group results. The current research contributes to improvement of theory and practice in higher education and identifies opportunities to enhance effectiveness of group work.
SCRAP TIRE RUBBER-BASED AGGREGATE IN LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
Authors: Záleská Martina , Čítek David , Pavlíková Milena , Bazgier Vojtěch , Pavlík Zbyšek
Published: March 2020

Reusing rubber particles from used tires is good for the environment and, moreover, the world's population is becoming progressively conscious that a very high demand for natural resources is unsustainable. As the concrete industry consumes high amounts of natural resources, both for clinkering and gravel aggregate production, one must focus on its sustainability, considering environmental and economic issues. Therefore, reuse of waste tire rubber in concrete or in other composite materials is a logical solution for sustainable production of construction materials. Hence, the paper is aimed at the development and testing of lightweight concrete composed of a high volume of crushed waste tire rubber used as partial replacement of natural silica aggregate. In order to access the effect of incorporation waste tire rubber-based aggregate in concrete composition, reference concrete mix based on silica aggregate only is studied as well. The crushed waste tire rubber is characterized by its powder density, specific density, and particle size distribution. Specific attention is paid to thermal transport and storage properties of waste rubber that are examined in dependence on compaction time. For the developed lightweight concrete, mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties are tested. The tested lightweight concrete is found to be alternative and environmentally friendly construction material possessing improved thermal insulation function, interesting hygric parameters and sufficient mechanical resistance.
UTILIZATION OF SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS IN PLASTERS FOR MODERATION OF INDOOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY LEVEL
Authors: Fořt Jan , Doleželová Magdaléna
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, the energy efficiency and moderation of indoor environment of buildings became important topic in the field of building physics. Moisture occurrence in building construction poses a significant task for building designers and material engineers. Among other factors, a high level of relative humidity has negative effect on the work efficiency and health of building inhabitants. The presented paper is aimed on the analysis of chosen superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and its influence on properties of newly developed interior plasters. The identification of optimal ratio between superabsorbent polymers and plaster mixture from the point of view of the workability of fresh mixtures is done. Also, the effect of water/dry mixture ratio is studied according to enhanced absorption capability of SAPs. Specific attention is paid to hygric properties, the determination of apparent moisture diffusivity, water vapor resistance factor and estimation of sorption isotherms. Obtained results directly point to significant effect of SAP admixture on material properties of developed plasters. Namely, addition of up to 3 wt.% of SAPs shifts the water absorption coefficient almost ten-times, while the total open porosity is increased only about 20%. Such materials can be applied for the damped areas or places where increased water transport parameters play an important role for the efficient moisture removal.
THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY USING ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY
Authors: Yousif Qadri Ahmed , Bedirhanoglu Idris , Aydin Mehmet Enver , Zebari Ziwar
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effect of age on the strength development of concrete was investigated. For this purpose, specimens casted with ready mix concrete for different grades of concrete were obtained from ready-mix concrete firms available in Diyarbakir city which is the one of the biggest cities of Turkey. A few sets with different grade of concrete cube specimens were used in the experimental work. Each set included over 40 specimens. For measuring concrete strength development, two different tests were used: ultrasonic pulse velocity testing (UPV) and uniaxial compressive strength testing. After UPV and compressive strength tests, strength development for early ages was evaluated and defined. The aim of this work is to define the path of strength development of certain grades of concrete used in the east regions of Turkey. Another aim of the work is to be able to determine concrete strength through non-destructive UPV tests. As a result, it was seen that concrete strength development for early ages is not linearly proportional to age. Further, UPV measurements can give information on the progress of concrete strength.
ASSESSMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING EDUCATION MODEL: UPTAKE AND REASONS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION EDUCATION
Authors: Ojelabi Rapheal Abiodun , Afolabi Adedeji Olushola , Omuh Ignatius Owoicho , Tunji-Olayeni Patience Fikiyemo
Published: March 2020

The emergence and integration of information technology in modern age education training have changed the face of education across the globe. The need for the blend of information and communication technology tools in construction education training is of the high essence as it enhances students learning capacity through visuals and other means. Therefore, the study investigates the level of the blend of ICT with the traditional method of learning among lecturers within the built environment departments in Covenant University in Nigeria and reasons for its use were also examined. A survey method was adopted for the study; 125 structured questionnaires were administered to the randomly selected lecturers and 100 were retrieved. The data collected was analyzed with Mean item score, percentage, and Mann-Whitney U respectively. The result revealed that the adoption of the ICT tools, which include interactive whiteboards PowerPoint, a learning management system, and video clips among the lecturers is very high. The reasons attributed to its use is due to the visual platform it provides for the students while weblogs, web conferencing, and mobile phone were the lesser used tools. In conclusion, the study recommends that Covenant University management should increase the funding of ICT tools and also enhance the lecturers training in the use of blended learning style.
THE BREXIT AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Ataei Hossein , Taherkhani Farnaz
Published: March 2020

In June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to depart from the European Union (EU) with 51.9% of the votes versus 48.1%. A short-term increase in the overall construction project costs is anticipated due to shortage of less-expensive skilled workers and more costly construction equipment imports from the EU. This may result in slower growth for commercial and residential industry sectors. The long-term issue of Brexit will affect private investment in British infrastructure. As demand increases globally on construction of new civil infrastructure or rehabilitation of existing systems, the global investors and Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms will be more mindful and conservative in investing in UK projects. The UK government will seek more private financing for the country's capital projects as easier access to the EU funds-as existed prior to Brexit-may no longer be an alternative. The UK will be a riskier destination for private investors or Public-Private Partnerships (PPP's) because of the developing instability and complexities in the new post-Brexit econo-political environment. As a result, a slower turnout in major infrastructure projects is anticipated. This paper investigates the economics of the post-Brexit UK and the opportunities and threats to the construction industry. It addresses the role of the government and the availability of public funding and how construction regulations and standards will be impacted as a result.
CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR PREDICTING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL POZZOLAN-BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Megat Johari Megat Azmi , Rahman Muhammed Kalimur , Maslehuddin Mohammed , Dafalla Mohamed Hatim
Published: March 2020

A large variety of mix design variables and environmental conditions in which alkali activated concretes (AAC) are cured, influences the nature and intensity of the binder formed. Equations developed for OPC-based concrete in various codes and published work may not accurately predict engineering properties of these AAC. AAC in this study was synthesized utilizing natural pozzolan (NP) in the presence of alkaline activators. Nano-SiO2 was added for enhancing the strength development at room temperature curing as NP is a low calcium precursor material. Development of compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were investigated. Using the data generated, two constitutive models, relating the compressive strength to flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were developed and compared with the equations specified in international codes for OPC-based concrete and previous studies in the area. The results show that the ACI 318, underestimates the flexural strength and overestimates the modulus of elasticity of alkali activated concrete. However, constitutive models developed in this study are in good agreement with the equations proposed in the previous works for AAC. Only the limited data available to date on the engineering properties of AAC cannot be used to establish robust constitutive relationships and more research is required in this area.
CHALLENGES AND RISKS RELATING TO MEP ENGINEERING IN LARGE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Monsberger Michael
Published: March 2020

MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) systems are integral parts of modern buildings. Adequate conception, design, and installation of MEP systems are an essential prerequisite for a successful project. Experience has shown that the practical implementation of this aspect is often a challenge for the involved project stakeholders due to the increasing complexity of MEP systems. This raises the question of whether the field of MEP engineering is particularly sensitive to potential conflicts and disruptions in complex construction projects compared to other trades. In order to investigate these questions, a survey based on a standardized questionnaire was carried out among Austrian experts with experience in large building construction projects. Overall, 515 experts participated in this survey, with 365 completely answering the questionnaire. The results show that the participants consider proper project integration of MEP engineering as a critical success factor in complex construction projects. They also show that inadequate consideration of this aspect poses a substantial risk for project disruptions.
DISPUTED RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Awwad Rita , Karam Joe
Published: March 2020

The construction industry is perceived as one of the most crucial fields in risk management studies due to its inherent risks and complexity. Despite the large amount of research presented in this area, experts still prefer relying on their own knowledge and experience to manage project risks. This approach leads to various disputes among construction stakeholders over the ownership of these risks and their mitigation. Such disputes normally affect the project’s goals in terms of budget and schedule. Many researchers have addressed risk factors in the construction field; however, none has tackled the disputed risks among construction parties. This research aims at identifying the different disputed risk factors among project stakeholders along with their respective mitigation strategy. It is based on an empirical questionnaire sent to construction practitioners with various expertise. An analysis of the results is conducted using descriptive statistics and one-on-one interviews. This research provides experts with a list of the most disputed risks in construction, along with their mitigation approach. In the end, construction parties will be able to meet the project’s goals and steer clear of any delay or cost overrun resulting from the occurrence of disputed risks.
EFFECTS OF AN ENZYME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUBGRADES
Authors: Ionescu Daniela , Petrolito Joe
Published: March 2020

An efficient transportation system requires a good network of roads provided with pavements that can withstand both the heavy and frequent traffic demands and environment variations while requiring minimal maintenance. However, roads are sometimes built where the sub-grade soil does not comply with the specifications and needs to be replaced with an acceptable soil that satisfies these requirements. To minimize the construction cost and the impact on the environment that the road construction would have, stabilizing agents (lime, cement or fly ash), are commonly used to improve the characteristics of in-situ soils. However, this process adds to the cost of road construction and maintenance. Therefore, alternative, environmental-friendly solutions have been investigated to reduce these costs. In recent years, enzymes have been used successfully to stabilize mostly fine-grained soils. This paper reports on an on-going research program on the use of various stabilizing agents to improve the properties of in-situ sub-grades for rural roads. Two locally-sourced soils were used in this investigation. The effects of cement, cement-fly ash mix and Perma-zyme binders on the properties of the selected soils were investigated. A series of tests was performed to establish the strength, stress-strain and deformation characteristics of the supplied soils. The results were compared to establish if Perma-zyme is suitable as stabilizing agent for the supplied soils.
A STUDY OF ENDOWMENT EFFECT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: Li Keyao , Ng Yui Hang , Cheung Sai On
Published: March 2020

It has been reported that the average dispute value (the additional entitlement included in the contract to resolve disputes) was US $84 million and average length of dispute (the period between the time a dispute is formalized and it is settled) was 14.6 months in Asia in the year of 2016 (Arcadis Global Construction Dispute Report 2017). These figures are not impressive in terms of the non-productive use of valuable resources. Endowment effect (EE), which was firstly coined by 2017 Nobel laureate in economics science professor Richard Thaler, is a behavioral phenomenon that people attribute more value to the things they own. EE would derail making rational decisions. This study explores the application of EE on disputants' behavior in construction project dispute resolution (CPDR). In this regard, four sources of EE in CPDR were identified. These are i) ownership, ii) loss aversion, iii) status quo bias and iv) bargaining habit.
ESTIMATING THE RUNNING COSTS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELING
Authors: Geekiyanage Devindi , Ramachandra Thanuja
Published: March 2020

Running costs of a building is a substantial share of its total life-cycle cost (LCC) and it ranges between 70-80% in commercial buildings. Despite its significant contribution to LCC, investors and construction industry practitioners tend to mostly rely on construction cost exclusively. Though the early stage estimation of running costs is limited due to the unavailability of historical cost data, several efforts have been taken to estimate the running costs of buildings using different cost estimation techniques. However, the prediction accuracy of those models is still challenged due to less quality and amount of data employed. This study, therefore, developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model for running costs estimation of commercial buildings with the use of building design variables. The study was quantitively approached and running costs data together with 13 building design variables were collected from 35 commercial buildings. The ANN model developed resulted in a 96.6% perfect correlation between the running cost and building design variables. The testing and validation of the model developed indicate that there is greater prediction accuracy. These findings will enable industry practitioners to make informed cost decisions on implications of running costs in commercial buildings at its early stages, eliminating excessive costs to be incurred during the operational phase.
IMPLEMENTING CONTRACTOR KNOW-HOW IN EARLY PHASES OF COMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Authors: Paar Lena , Ninaus Cornelia , Heck Detlef
Published: March 2020

The importance of bringing contractor know-how into early construction project phases has long been recognized by the construction industry. Although experts and practitioners have considered new forms of procurement and management for construction projects, no significant solutions have been identified until now. It should be mentioned in this context that the Austrian government initiated the implementation of a new procurement approach in 2015 by reducing the opportunity for public clients to award the contract to the bid with the lowest price in conformity with the European guidelines. Austria's infrastructure industry is thus seeking new approaches that are able to implement the know-how of all parties involved in a project. The aim of this paper is to identify possibilities for early contractor involvement and its potential for optimizing the project management in the Austrian infrastructure industry.
Are policies for decentralised forest governance designed to achieve full devolution? Evidence from Eastern Africa
Authors: Magessa K. , Wynne-Jones S. , Hockley N.
Published: March 2020

Decentralised forest management approaches are ostensibly designed to increase community involvement in forest management, yet have had mixed success in practice. We present a comparative study across multiple countries in Eastern Africa of how far decentralised forest policies are
designed to achieve devolution. We adopt the decentralisation framework developed by Agrawal and Ribot to explore whether, and how, devolution is specified in Tanzanian, Kenyan, Ugandan, Malawian and Ethiopian forest policies. We also compare them to the commitments of the Rio Declaration.
In all five countries, the policies lack at least some of the critical elements required to achieve meaningful devolution, such as democratically elected, downwardly accountable local actors and equitable benefit sharing. Calling an approach 'community' or 'participatory', does not mean that
it involves all residents: in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia, policies allow a small group of people in the community to manage the forest reserve, potentially excluding marginalised groups, and hence limiting devolution. This may lead to elite capture, and effective privatisation of forests,
enclosing previously de facto common pool resources. Therefore, even without flaws in implementation, these decentralisation policies are unlikely to achieve true devolution in the study countries.
A tale of two genera: exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 1. Domestication and research
Authors: Arnold R.J. , Xie Y.J. , Luo J.Z. , Wang H.R. , Midgley S.J.
Published: March 2020

In China a substantial plantation industry, including 5.4 M ha of eucalypts and up to 50,000 ha of acacias, has been built on a foundation of R&D and germplasm acquisition for exotic eucalypt and acacia species over the past 40 years. From the 1980s through to the early 2000s a
suite of Chinese-Australian collaborative R&D projects made major contributions to domestication, genetic improvement, silviculture and other aspects of plantation eucalypts and acacias in southern China. Even today, germplasm derived from earlier projects still provides the majority of
planting stock deployed in China's current eucalypt plantations. For eucalypts, improvements in plantation productivities have been achieved through solid, well managed R&D programs. For acacias, despite work done in past decades to develop breeding populations and production capacities
for improved seeds, genetic resources of acacias in China have deteriorated greatly in recent years. Factors affecting domestication and genetic improvement of both genera in China are reviewed in this report along with the research undertaken for both genera over the past 40 years.
Fabrication and characterization of hexadecyl acrylate cross-linked phase change microspheres
Authors: Yun Haoran , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: March 2020

Microspheres with phase change properties were fabricated by polymerization of hexadecyl acrylate (HA) and different cross-linking agents. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that, the samples that added cross-linking agents have a smooth surface and the latent heat of them is different. The experiments show that all of the cross-linked copolymer shells can be made into temperature controlled release microspheres. These materials can be potentially applied in the field of thermal energy storage. β-tricalcium phosphate was encapsulated in microspheres to obtain one with a fast release effect. It will effectively promote bone conduction when these microspheres were implanted into a bone defect. This microsphere can be used for orthopedic implant or coating of instrument in the future.
“She didn’t expect to get a slap”: Modeling “proper” conduct among teachers and students in training classes for care workers in Sweden
Authors: Jansson Gunilla , Majlesi Ali Reza
Published: March 2020

The current study is carried out in an ethnically diverse three-semester vocational adult education programme in Sweden for those who aspire to register as assistant nurses. The data is based on field notes taken during participant observations and video-recordings of the classroom interaction in a course on dementia care in the autumn of 2014. In Sweden, care work is framed by the goals stated in The Swedish Social Services Act, which is to promote the elderly’s right to self-determination and independence. In the class in which this study was carried out, this policy informed the teaching of “good” communication practices. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the strategies taught in school that embody this policy come into conflict with the seemingly unavoidable dilemmas experienced by trainee students on the work floor. We analyse two examples of teachers acting out hypothetical scenes for the purpose of modeling proper caregiver conduct in dealing with frail, powerless individuals with dementia. The students’ descriptions of their own conduct in managing challenging resident behaviour are thereby considered as accountable actions. The article brings into focus the complexity of the power relations and institutional asymmetries at play concerning the teaching situation in training classes for care workers.
Language competence, identity construction and discursive boundary-making: Distancing and alignment in domestic migrant worker narratives
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J.
Published: March 2020

Many people in developing countries are faced with a dilemma. If they stay at home, their children are kept in poverty with no prospects of a better future; if they become migrant workers, they will suffer long-term separation from their families. This article focuses on one of the weakest groups in the global economy: domestic migrant workers. It draws on a corpus of more than 400 narratives recorded at a church shelter in Hong Kong and among migrant worker returnees in rural Indonesia and the Philippines. In sharing sessions, migrant women share their experiences of working for abusive employers, and the article analyses how language is used to include and exclude. The women tell how their employers construct them as “incompetent” and “stupid” because they do not speak Chinese. However, faced by repression and marginalisation, the women use their superior English language skills to get back at their employers and momentarily gain the upper hand. Drawing on ideologies of language as the theoretical concept, the article provides a discourse analysis of selected excerpts focusing on language competence and identity construction.
A distributed data exchange engine for polystores
Authors: Kaitoua Abdulrahman , Rabl Tilmann , Markl Volker
Published: March 2020

There is an increasing interest in fusing data from heterogeneous sources. Combining data sources increases the utility of existing datasets, generating new information and creating services of higher quality. A central issue in working with heterogeneous sources is data migration: In order to share and process data in different engines, resource intensive and complex movements and transformations between computing engines, services, and stores are necessary.

Muses is a distributed, high-performance data migration engine that is able to interconnect distributed data stores by forwarding, transforming, repartitioning, or broadcasting data among distributed engines’ instances in a resource-, cost-, and performance-adaptive manner. As such, it performs seamless information sharing across all participating resources in a standard, modular manner. We show an overall improvement of 30 % for pipelining jobs across multiple engines, even when we count the overhead of Muses in the execution time. This performance gain implies that Muses can be used to optimise large pipelines that leverage multiple engines.
Heat flow thermography for non-destructive testing of composites and natural materials – An application-oriented overview
Authors: Aderhold Jochen , Meinlschmidt Peter , Schlüter Friedrich
Published: March 2020

Heat flow thermography is a non-destructive testing method that offers a number of advantages. These include the relatively quick inspection of larger areas, the ease of interpretation of the results and the absence of potential hazards such as ionizing radiation. The disadvantage is, depending on the application, its limited penetration depth. The present article explains the physical principles of the process and provides examples of concrete realizations, mainly in the field of composites and natural materials. One focus is on the evaluation of the acquired thermal images and image series, since they often contain more information than is visible at first glance, and a suitable post-processing of the data is the key to a successful application.
A «Place in the Sun»?
Authors: Kleinöder Nina
Published: March 2020

The article «A ‹Place in the Sun›? German Rails and Sleepers in Colonial Railway Building in Africa, 1905 to 1914» takes up Bernhard von Bülow’s imperialistic claim that was closely connected to economic protagonists. Today, these protagonists are still fairly unknown and overlooked by (economic) colonial research. Therefore, the article is an approach to outline a first example for German entrepreneurial engagement in colonial railway building, by analyzing the case of Fried. Krupp/Friedrich-Alfred-Hütte. Looking at Krupp’s activities in (West-)Africa, the article explores which paths the German railway building followed, and tries to identify protagonists and their networks. We assume that the distinct markets of colonies were a vehicle for the internationalization of the firms involved. In questions of agency and as part of the imperial project, German enterprises participated in the colonization of Africa, but at the same time, they followed their own economic agenda.
UNDERSTANDING COGNATE WORDS IN A FIRST CONTACT WITH ENGLISH
Authors: Toassi Pâmela Freitas Pereira , Pereira Silvia Hedine de Albuquerque
Published: March 2020

In the present study the cognate facilitation effect was investigated by means of a translation task applied to ten participants (mean age of 44 years old) who had never taken an English course and who were skeptical about being able to learn the language. The task consisted of the translation of 40 non identical cognate words from English to Portuguese. By means of this task, we could infer if the cognate words could be understood in a first contact with English. The results were positive: more than 50% of the words presented to these participants were correctly translated into Portuguese. In addition, the present study showed that cognate words work as a motivational factor to make people inspired to learn a second language, in this case English, as reported by all of the participants of who took part in the present study. Furthermore, the findings of the present study are aligned with the literature, favoring the view that cognate words are easily recognized. This data has implications for the teaching and learning of English in the Brazilian context.Keywords: Cognates; L2 vocabulary; bilingualism.
Pemikiran Politik Al-Ghazālī Seputar Konsesi dan Kontroversi Pengangkatan Kepala Negara
Authors: Yakin Syamsul
Published: March 2020

The paper describes an analysis of al-Ghazālī’s political thinking concerning any requirements for the appointment of states kingship which were filled with concessions that caused controversies. The paper reveals the views of experts who claim that Sunni political thought, in which al-Ghazālī’s thought is included, has been characterized by giving legitimacy. By analyzing qualitative data and using historical-critical approach, this paper shows that al-Ghazālī's thought regarding legitimacy by making concessions to the power he defended had made his thoughts were considered as a controversy and arose criticism. However, history proves that al-Ghazālī continued to do that controversy for the continuation of the Abbasid Caliphate which ruled de jure and for the existence of the de facto power of the Saljuk Dynasty who at that time gained political and dogmatic pressure from The Isma’ilis.
Ngalap Berkah Qur’an: Dampak Membaca Al-Qur’an Bagi Para Pembacanya
Authors: Nugraha Eva
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the question of how the impact of reading the Qur'an in everyday life? The author uses the word impact as diction to show that the Qur'an as dhikr mubārak / Kitābun mubārak, has blessings. This research is a development of one of the sub-chapters of the author's dissertation draft regarding the blessings of the Qur'an. The data used are the results of interviews and observations on a number of readers and memorizers of the Qur'an. Data were analyzed by using qualitative approach, starting from data coding, description of coding result and classification. The author uses the framework of the exegete's on mubārak/ Quranic blessing which are the definition, terms and benefits of the blessings of the Qur'an. As for the conclusion of this paper is: that the impact of reading the Qur'an will depend on the intensity and pattern of reader interaction to the Qur'an. There are two effects that readers get from their interactions in reading the Qur'an. first direct impact, which corresponds to the motive and purpose of reading, such as peace of mind. Second: the indirect impact, such as ease in living life.
Islamic Perspective on Syaifudin Ibrahim’s Priester (Analysis Of The Views, Assumptions And Challenges Of The Reverend Syaifuddin Ibrahim Against Muslims)
Authors: Nopriyansa Eko
Published: March 2020

The phenomenon of religious people and freedom to choose religion as a belief in life becomes freedom that cannot be bargained. The series of past history reminds religious people that the Presence of Religion is on the most principle principle, in order to be a solution in various aspects of human life, apart from the dark history of Religion which is ridden by the interests of power and vice versa on the power of Religion. Furthermore, the context of the past is a compass of the future of Religion which is burdened by every follower of Religion. The presence of Christianity as a Missionary religion and Islam as a Da'wah religion opened a space for religious social dialogue, because both were involved in Agamanization. Furthermore, the two characteristics possessed by each religion will certainly ignite the enthusiasm of Christian evangelists and preachers on the part of Islam to compete in assuming the truth of the perspective. The presence of this article will open a space for scientific dialogue to the two communities, in exposing the views and assumptions of Reverend Murtadin Saifudin Ibrahim who has an Islamic background and assumes that he is one of the Islamic leaders who then turned to become a Christian priest. Furthermore this article is not an Interference to Saifudin Ibrahim's new beliefs, but this article is to answer Saifudin Ibrahim's assumptions and views on Islam as the largest religion among religious people in Indonesia. In the end, hopefully this article can answer various obscure views and thoughts, and thoughts that intercept the faith in Islam in Indonesia.
Studi Hubungan Ruralisasi Dengan Penduduk Lokal: Pola Kerukunan Hidup Umat Beragama Di Daerah Pinggiran Jakarta
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Ridwan , Wirawan Bambang , Tambunan Amirsyah
Published: March 2020

There are four types patterns of shifting population due to the influence of modernity, namely ruralization, urbanization, transmigration and circulation. Ruralization is the movement from city to village while urbanization is moving from village to city. Migration is a permanent migration of people from one area to another. Finally, circulation is the movement of people to fulfill certain interests such as work and living in two different places, so they must move every day from village to city. This research focuses on the Study of the Relationship between Ruralization and Local Residents: The Pattern of Religious Harmony in the Suburbs of Jakarta. The overflow of Jakarta's population is accommodated by new growth areas which are then concluded to be Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi. The occurrence of this displacement is due to a push factor from the area of origin, a pull factor from the destination. Attractor factor is the hope of getting opportunity to improve their standard of living and religious, political, and ethnic considerations in the area of origin. Eventhough religion is another factor but residents of villages as rural targets have religious affinity that is inherent in religious identity with ethnic groups, especially Betawi ethnic groups as local residents with migrants residents. Religious factors as a basis for determining the work ethic of social cohesiveness in this case religious harmony. Therefore, a strategy is needed to build social cohesiveness due to culture and diversity to avoid social tensions.
A Method: Fornix Depth Measurement in Ophthalmic Socket
Authors:   National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302001, India, Kumar Raj , Bhatnagar Kavita ,   Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India, Khurana Ashok Kumar ,   Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India, Meena Naveen ,   National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302001, India, Tripathi Himanshu ,   National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302001, India
Published: March 2020

Several methods have been publicized to measure the fornix depth but the error in the measurement makes them inconvenient for the correct diagnosis of fornix depth in the eye. In view of the cruelty of disease the precise method is needed to correctly evaluate the fornix depth measurement. In this report, a novel approach is being addressed, to solve the depth measuring issue with the logical experimental design. The explanation with the proposed hypothesis is described here with the relevant scientific approach, the emphasis of certain advantages of the present invention over the conventional measurement approaches. In this case the diagnosis and the process of diagnosis should be accurate, but in the field of ophthalmology an accurate measurement of fornix depth without committing any error was a challenging task. So far in the development of the measurement of fornix depth is concern. Currently, we discussed a novel method for the measurements of fornix depth in ophthalmic eye, which will be beneficial to get the accurate value, however it was not possible in the previously reported methods. It will have many advantages over the existing methods.
Functioning of ASHAs under National Health Mission in Punjab: An Appraisal
Authors:   Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID), Chandigarh-160019, India, Sharma Pawan Kumar , Sandhir Poonam ,   Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID), Chandigarh-160019, India
Published: March 2020

The present paper ascertains the functional efficacy of ASHAs and suggests measures for the optimization of their functioning in Punjab. For carrying out the study, different phases included random selection of three districts followed by two health blocks from each district and three sub centres from each block and subsequently one village from each sub centre. List of eligible women who had delivered a baby during the last three months prior to the survey was prepared and at last stage, five women from each village were selected at random. The findings revealed that the norms, including the age limit, educational qualification, residence and marital status set for the selection of ASHAs revealed clear adherence of the NHM guidelines. However two-thirds of the ASHAs were covering a population of more than 1,000 persons. About 90 per cent of the ASHAs couldn’t specify their job responsibilities promptly on the activities related to spreading health awareness among adolescents, promoting hygiene practices, generating awareness on preventive measures on RTI/STI, HIV/AIDS, tobacco and alcoholism. About 94 per cent of ASHA workers had received drug kit. However there were delays in the replenishment of drugs. As per NHM guidelines, no drug kit has AYUSH medications in it. Inter-sectoral collaboration among the ASHAs, ANMs, PRI members and AWWs was more or less satisfactory even though ASHAs intervention in VHSNC meeting was not encouraging due to non-cooperation of other stakeholders. For strengthening of the ASHA programme, it is essential that the factors discouraging them are addressed properly.
PREPARATORY GROUP-POSSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PRINCIPLE OF ADMINISTRATION IN THE EDUCATION PROCESS IN MATHEMATICS BETWEEN GG AND INITIAL STAGE
Authors: Bozukova Maria
Published: March 2020

The new century is very different. On the basis of interdependence, humanity has a unique opportunity for industrial modernization, alongside the dynamics of technology and communication development, information entropy, the volcanic eruption of visual and sound culture. This necessitates modernization in the education system /digital competences, transversal skills and good continuity between different stages of education /, triggered by intense changes in technology and the way of life of modern children. In kindergarten and primary education, the foundations for developmental learning are laid, where knowledge and skills in mathematics education are to be acquired and communicated that are applicable in everyday life.
Biological treatment of landfill leachate: efford landfill, Hampshire, UK - a case study
Authors: Last Steve , Olufsen Jonty , Robinson Howard
Published: March 2020

Demand for of on-site treatment schemes that are capable of treating landfill leachates to highstandards has grown substantially during the last two decades. Increasingly, plants are beingrequired to discharge high quality effluents directly into surface watercourses, or to provide ahigh degree of treatment prior to discharge into the public sewerage system. This trend is certainto continue - primarily driven in the United Kingdom in recent months by the requirements of theEU IPPC Directive, which demands the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT), and bythe EU Water Framework Directive.Aerobic biological treatment of leachate from domestic landfills has widely been shown to be themost appropriate, reliable and successful treatment technique to consistently meet stringentdischarge constraints with minimal operator input. The cost of this technology is also oftenfavourable, when compared with alternative processes. More than 50 plants of this type arecurrently operational in the United Kingdom, making it by far the most widely adopted on-sitetreatment technology, and many other examples exist overseas.This paper provides a detailed case study of the design, construction and commissioning of abiological, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) leachate treatment plant for Hampshire CountyCouncil, at Efford Landfill Site in the New Forest in Hampshire, UK.Since plant commissioning was completed by the authors during early 2003, extensive anddetailed monitoring data have been collected. These are presented for the plant, which is capable 3 of treating up to 150 m /day of strong methanogenic leachate (ammoniacal-N from 600-1 000mg/1), and are compared with treatment performances achieved at other full-scale leachatetreatment plants. The paper shows 80D5 and ammoniacal-N removal efficiencies in excess of99%.Results also show the efficiency of polishing treatment in a reed bed, before discharge of finaleffluent to public sewer.
Stabilization of CCA-contaminated soil with iron products - a field experiment
Authors: Maurice Christian , Gustavsson Björn , Kumpiene Jurate , Lidelöw Sofia
Published: March 2020

Chemical stabilization of metals is lately considered as a possible pretreatment for soilcontaminated with average levels of trace elements. The element mobility in soil can bealtered by adding soil amendments that can adsorb, complex, or co-precipitate trace elements.As a consequence, pollutant spreading from the contaminated soil and effect on the recipientcan be reduced. The different contaminants originating from wood impregnation chemicals,e.g. Cu, Cr, and As limit the choice of amendments because e.g. large pH fluctuations andconsequent mobilization of Cu or As should be avoided. The results show that the leaching ofarsenic is lowest in the lysimeter with 15% Fe3O4. In both lysimeters with untreated soil andwith 1 % Fe 0, the arsenic leaching seems to decrease with the sampling depth. The leaching ofcopper is generally low. Further the addition of iron seems to increase the leaching ofmanganese and nickel but to reduce the leaching of zinc. Results from the laboratoryexperiment show that the arsenic content in the leachate is lowest with the highest mixture ofmagnetite. Mixing is one of the key issues when discussing the treatment efficiency andpossible use of the treated soil. The results so far indicate that magnetite can be used fortreatment of CCA contaminated soil also at a large scale. Reduction of both arsenic andcopper using a single amendment is challenging as they behave opposite. Magnetite seems tobe a promising amendment even though a high amount of amendment needs to be added.Moreover, the potential establishment of reducing conditions at larger depths in the soil is ofconcern since this might lead to a rapid increase in arsenic leaching
Revisiting Graph Width Measures for CNF-Encodings
Authors: Wallon Romain , Mengel Stefan
Published: March 2020

We consider bounded width CNF-formulas where the width is measured by popular graph width measures on graphs associated to CNF-formulas. Such restricted graph classes, in particular those of bounded treewidth, have been extensively studied for their uses in the design of algorithms for various computational problems on CNF-formulas. Here we consider the expressivity of these formulas in the model of clausal encodings with auxiliary variables. We first show that bounding the width for many of the measures from the literature leads to a dramatic loss of expressivity, restricting the formulas to such of low communication complexity. We then show that the width of optimal encodings with respect to different measures is strongly linked: there are two classes of width measures, one containing primal treewidth and the other incidence cliquewidth, such that in each class the width of optimal encodings only differs by constant factors. Moreover, between the two classes the width differs at most by a factor logarithmic in the number of variables. Both these results are in stark contrast to the setting without auxiliary variables where all width measures we consider here differ by more than constant factors and in many cases even by linear factors.
SPONTAN REGRESYON GÖSTEREN SERVİKAL VE LOMBER DİSK HERNİSİ: 3 OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: AKTOKLU Mehmet , ÜNAL Tuğrul Cem , BOZAN Turgut
Published: March 2020

ÖZET:

Servikal ve
lomber disk hernileri nöroşirurji ve fizik tedavi başvurusu yapan hastalarda
sık görülen  patolojilerdendir. Bu
hastaların büyük çoğunluğu cerrahi gerektirmeyen ve konservatif yaklaşımlarda
normal hayatlarında dönebilmektedirler. Ancak bazı hastalarda cerrahi müdahale
gerekliliği olabilmektedir. Bir şekilde cerrahi müdahaleyi kabul etmeyip
konservatif tedavileri yönelen ya da herhangi bir tedavi almayan hastalarda
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda cerrahi müdahale öncesi nörolojik defisiti olmaması
sebebiyle konservatif tedavi denenen ve cerrahi müdahale kabul etmemesi
sebebiyle takibe alınan takipte spontan regresyona uğrayan iki servikal disk
hernisi ve bir lomber disk hernisi olgusunu sunacağız.

Anahtar
Sözcükler: Cerrahi müdahale , Disk hernisi , Spontan regresyon

ABSTRACT:

Cervical and lumbar disc hernia are common pathologies in patients who apply for neurosurgery and physical therapy. The majority of these patients do not require surgery and can return to their lives in conservative approaches. However, some patients may require surgical intervention. In some cases, patients who do not accept surgical intervention or who are directed to conservative treatments or do not receive any treatment are present. In this study, we present two cases of cervical disc herniation and one lumbar disc herniation to be spontaneous  regressed following conservative treatment which is not considered as surgical intervention or because of the lack of neurological deficit before surgical intervention. Keywords: Surgical intervention , Disc hernia , Spontaneous regression