bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SERVICESCAPE, SERVICE QUALITY, DAN PERSEPSI HARGA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SWALAYAN DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Kartika Sari Ririn Dwi Astuti , Fifaldyovan Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris pengaruh servicescape, service quality dan persepsi harga terhadap kepuasan konsumen swalayan di kota Semarang. Sampel adalah 100 orang pelanggan swalayan di kota Semarang yang diperoleh secara incidental sampling. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian adalah servicescape dan service quality berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen swalayan di kota Semarang, sedangkan persepsi harga berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen swalayan di kota Semarang. Kata kunci: servicescape, service quality, persepsi harga, kepuasan konsumen
İklim mülteciliğinin nedenleri ve siyasal, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve hukuksal eksikliğe çözüm önerileri
Authors: Çakmak Serdar
Published: April 2024

Bu makale küresel iklim değişikliği ve iklim mülteciliğine vurgu yapmasının ötesinde, altıncı yok oluşa yakın olan dünyamızın nasıl bu kıyametten kurtarılacağı konusunda da çözüm önerileri sunmaktadır. Milenyum dönemiyle birlikte göç, terör ve salgınlar çağına giren dünyamız, savaşlar ve iklim nedeniyle yaşanan sorunlara çözüm aramaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise küresel ısınma ve iklim mülteciliğinin nedenlerinin yanında, alınabilecek önlemlerden de bahsedilecektir. Yazıda, iklim mülteciliği bağlamında yaşanan siyasal, sosyolojik ve ekonomik sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerinden bahsedilecek ve ardından hukuksal sorunlara değinilecektir. Bu sorunlara ve çözüm önerilerine değinirken Afrika kıtasında iklim mülteciliğinden en çok mustarip olan Sahra altı ülkeleri ve 2050 yılından sonra yok olma tehlikesi altındaki Maldivler, Kiribati ve Tuvalu gibi ada ülkeleri için alınabilecek önlemlerden bahsedilecektir. Sonuç ve öneriler kısmında ise küresel ısınma ve iklim mülteciliği konusunun hangi hukuksal metinlerde yer aldığı, iklim kaynaklı hak ihlallerinin önlenmesi için hangi hukuksal metinlerin oluşturulması gerektiği, hangi iklim mülteciliği davalarının emsal karar teşkil ettiği? gibi sorulara da cevaplar aranacaktır.
Beretning om tidsskrift.dk og ebooks.au.dk i 2023
Authors: Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra , Thestrup Jesper Boserup , Engberg Katarina Smitt , Iversen Rie Karen Marie
Published: April 2024

I 2023 har tidsskrift.dk fået 13 nye tidsskrifter med, så det samlede antal tidsskrifter på platformen nu er oppe på 198. Det samlede antal artikler, der er publiceret hos platformens tidsskrifter, er ved årets udgang 105.634, hvoraf 4.774 blev publiceret i 2023. Der blev udarbejdet en ny brugervejledning, gennemført opdateringer og afholdt vejledning, kurser og support til tidsskrifterne.Det Kgl. Bibliotek gennemførte i 2023 i samarbejde med Public Knowledge Project (PKP) et sprint i juni måned for fællesskabet omkring Open Journal Systems (OJS) med deltagelse fra 13 forskellige lande.D. 1. februar blev Katarina Smitt Engberg tilknyttet drift og support af tidsskrift.dk.Antallet af publikationer på ebooks.au.dk er vokset med 32 i løbet af 2023, således der nu er udgivet 339 publikationer på platformen - primært rapporter, ph.d.-afhandlinger og monografier. I 2024 begynder et projekt, der skal udvikle den eksisterende platform til at blive en national e-bogsplatform.
Geografías Indígenas en Proceso
Authors: Sepúlveda Bastien , Hirt Irène , Huiliñir-Curío Viviana , Palomino-Schalscha Marcela
Published: April 2024

Esta Sección Temática tiene su origen en un panel realizado en 2017 en el marco del congreso anual de la Sociedad Chilena de Ciencias Geográficas (SOCHIGEO), cuyo objetivo era entender el interés de la geografía para los pueblos indígenas y sus realidades espaciales en Chile, tanto como las razones sociales, políticas y académicas de las diferencias de este interés entre Chile y Argentina. Se propuso abordar este tema a través de la expresión “geografías indígenas”, para conectar las discusiones del panel con aquellas que se han desarrollado en la literatura de lengua inglesa desde la década del 2000 con la etiqueta de Indigenous geographies. Identificamos que estas geografías remiten al estudio de la relación entre pueblos indígenas y sus espacios, mientras que en otros contextos se orientan además hacia un campo de reflexión y estudio que busca descolonizar los saberes y las prácticas de investigación en contextos indígenas. Las cuatro intervenciones aquí presentadas van precedidas de una Introducción que pone los debates del panel sobre los aportes y límites de las geografías indígenas tanto en la perspectiva de las particularidades locales en Chile y Argentina, o regionales en el Cono Sur, como de los debates internacionales al respecto.
Principles of public service provision: system and content.
Authors: Fialkovskaya Irina Dmitrievna
Published: April 2024

The principles on which the public sphere is based are of great importance in terms of the legitimacy and effectiveness of government. The article examines the principles underlying public activities in the provision of state and municipal services to citizens and organizations. The purpose of the study is to define a public service, characterize the principles established by law for the provision of public services and analyze their content. The principles of providing public services are an important independent part of government activity and are directly related to the observance of the rights of citizens in relations with the state. The implementation of the principles affects the quality of relations between the state and the individual and, ultimately, trust in government. When highlighting the general and special principles of the type of activity under consideration, the article presents their relationship, interdependence and influence. The article achieved the following results: the concept of public service was formulated; the difference between a public function and a public service is defined; the content of the principles for the provision of public services established by law analyzed; principles have been proposed that can be supplemented with legislation in order to improve the provision of public services; The interaction of the principles of providing public services with the general legal principles of public activity and with each other has been identified. The article establishes measures that promote the efficiency of the provision of public services and respect for the rights of citizens: standardization and regulation of services, the introduction of multifunctional centers operating on the “one-stop” principle, and the use of electronic forms of service provision.
The intangible heritage of folk art crafts
Authors: Semeritskaya Ol'ga Vladimirovna
Published: April 2024

The object of the study is the intangible heritage of Russian folk arts and crafts as a phenomenon of traditional culture. Special attention is paid to the object content of the intangible heritage of crafts, as well as the forms of their preservation and actualization. The research originates from the definition of the concept of the intangible heritage of folk arts and crafts. The concept of the bearer of the intangible heritage of crafts is formulated. The definition of the morphology of the intangible heritage of crafts is based on the analysis of the intangible part of the artistic, industrial, ethnocultural and religious heritage of crafts. An important part of the study is the analysis of modern practices for the preservation and actualization of the intangible heritage of crafts in order to develop optimal forms and methods. The importance of such a form of preservation and broadcasting of the intangible heritage of folk arts and crafts as museification is emphasized. The definition of the concept of intangible heritage of crafts and the structural analysis of this fragment of cultural heritage was carried out on the basis of recognition of heritage by systemic education. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the definition of folk arts and crafts as a phenomenon of traditional culture, the key component of which is tradition, objectified, first of all, in an immaterial form. For the first time, the definition of the concept of the intangible heritage of folk art crafts is given based on the analysis of historiography and legislative practice, and a morphological analysis of this type of heritage of crafts is given based on the generalization and analysis of the experience of its preservation and actualization. The intangible heritage of artistic crafts - the artistic and pictorial language of handicrafts, techniques and technologies for their manufacture and decoration, social ways of transmitting knowledge and skill, customs, way of life and lifestyle in the craft - are of high value from an informational and axiological point of view and need to be preserved and broadcast.
Learning Chinese in Russian Federation Schools: Status and Trends
Authors: Wang Tuo
Published: April 2024

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the Chinese language in schools of the Russian Federation, its status and trends. The relevance of the research topic is due, first, to the growth of the popularity of the Chinese language in the Russia among schoolchildren and students of higher educational institutions; secondly, by strengthening bilateral relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation in the context of «power transit» and restructuring of the international situation. The study is based on neo-liberalism, which views international relations as a non-anarchic structure with the primacy of international law, institutions and international trade. The main conclusion of the study is the characteristic of the history of the study of the Chinese language in Russia as cyclical. The practical interest of the Chinese language acquired only at the end of the 19th century and developed until the deterioration of relations between the USSR and the People’s Republic of China, when the orientation of the Chinese language in the Soviet Union changed from practical to scientific. Chinese is taught in schools in the Russian Federation on an equal footing with other foreign languages. The popularity of the Chinese language among schoolchildren is growing every year. Among the key problems of learning the Chinese language in Russian schools are the lack of teaching staff against the background of increased interest, the lack of teaching aids, the lack of native speakers, the concentration on learning Chinese at universities. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the analysis of the history of the study of the Chinese language in Russia from the time of the reign of Peter I to the present day, the comparative analysis.
A short review of working memory and attention in depression
Authors: Atiyah Ali Siti , Asyikin Fadzil Nor , Begum Tahamina , Reza Faruque , Mustafar Faiz , Nisar Humaira
Published: April 2024

Depression is a state of disturbance in emotions, behaviour, and cognition. The representations of this common mental disorder were characterised by a few types, including postpartum depression, psychotic depression, bipolar disorder in depressive episodes, major depressive disorder (MDD), and persistence depressive disorder. These multiple types of depression are significantly being studied in order to reveal their relational effects on cognitive function, especially in working memory and attention skills. This mini-review article was intended to summarise the findings on the relation of depression effects to cognitive function from a neuronal network and neuroscience perspective.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Talus Mimicking Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis in a 15-Year-Old Male: A Case Report
Authors: Gökalp Oğuzhan , Ermutlu Cenk , Sarısözen Mehmet Bartu , Durak Kemal , Yalçınkaya Ulviye , Çakar Adnan
Published: April 2024

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bone which tends to occur in diaphysis or metaphysis of the long bones. The lesion is generally intraosseous with vague clinical symptoms, hence given the name “great mimicker”. When located subperiosteally and juxtaarticulary, atypical clinical presentation and radiological may lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis. Performing surgery with a misdiagnosis carries the risk of incomplete resection of the lesion and recurrence. We report the case of a 15-year-old male with a subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the talus, who was misdiagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis and operated through anterior ankle arthrotomy. A nodular lesion 1 cm in diameter with hard rubber consistency was removed from the dorsal aspect of the talar neck. The pathological specimens were consistent with subperiosteal osteoid osteoma. The patient’s symptoms resolved rapidly in the early postoperative period. The patient remained asymptomatic at the 20th-month follow-up and the control MRI revealed no signs of recurrence. Atypical radiological and clinical presentation of juxtaarticular subperiosteal osteoid osteomas cause misdiagnosis, delay in diagnosis, incomplete resection and recurrence. It is important to keep in mind “juxtaarticular subperiosteal osteoid osteoma” in the differential diagnosis of cases with suspected Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.
Single-cell eQTL mapping in yeast reveals a tradeoff between growth and reproduction
Authors: Boocock James , Alexander Noah , Tapia Leslie Alamo , Walter-McNeill Laura , Munugala Chetan , Bloom Joshua S , Kruglyak Leonid
Published: April 2024

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) provide a key bridge between noncoding DNA sequence variants and organismal traits. The effects of eQTLs can differ among tissues, cell types, and cellular states, but these differences are obscured by gene expression measurements in bulk populations. We developed a one-pot approach to map eQTLs in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and applied it to over 100,000 single cells from three crosses. We used scRNA-seq data to genotype each cell, measure gene expression, and classify the cells by cell-cycle stage. We mapped thousands of local and distant eQTLs and identified interactions between eQTL effects and cell-cycle stages. We took advantage of single-cell expression information to identify hundreds of genes with allele-specific effects on expression noise. We used cell-cycle stage classification to map 20 loci that influence cell-cycle progression. One of these loci influenced the expression of genes involved in the mating response. We showed that the effects of this locus arise from a common variant (W82R) in the gene
GPA1
, which encodes a signaling protein that negatively regulates the mating pathway. The 82R allele increases mating efficiency at the cost of slower cell-cycle progression and is associated with a higher rate of outcrossing in nature. Our results provide a more granular picture of the effects of genetic variants on gene expression and downstream traits.
Controlling Practices of Teachers and Stakeholders Cooperation Amidst Pandemic Crisis in Public Elementary Schools
Authors: Salvador Jecel T. , Baguio Josephine B.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to determine if controlling practices significantly influence stakeholder cooperation among public secondary school teachers in Manay District, Division of Davao Oriental. It utilized a non-experimental quantitative research design employing the descriptive-correlational method. The respondents included 132 teachers from public elementary schools, selected through universal sampling. Data analysis involved calculating the mean, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and regression analysis. The findings revealed that public secondary school teachers often demonstrated a high degree of controlling practices in terms of monocratic, collegial, custodial, and supportive behaviors. Moreover, the teachers frequently manifested stakeholders' cooperation, including adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency. Furthermore, the study found a significant relationship between controlling practices and stakeholders' cooperation among public secondary school teachers. It also indicated that the domains of controlling practices among teachers did not significantly influence stakeholder cooperation in public elementary schools. It is recommended that school administrators implement strategies to promote a more collaborative and empowering environment for teachers, fostering greater stakeholder cooperation.
Association of Various Factors and HIV Infection in Pregnancy: A Clinico- Epidemiological Review
Authors: Carvalho Renata Alves , Júnior Adelmo Barbosa de Miranda , Sampaio Ana Cristina Mendanha , Soares Marco Aurélio Miranda , Bringel Fabiana de Andrade , Souza Domenica Palomaris Mariano de , Almeida Katyane de Sousa , Mariano Wagner dos Santos
Published: April 2024

HIV infection among pregnant women has been on the rise, demanding efforts to prevent vertical transmission. This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women treated at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases of the Federal University of Tocantins between 2015 and 2019. Out of the 85 pregnant women analyzed, the majority were between 26 and 34 years old, with 37.64% completing high school. Most resided in Tocantins and had stable partners, with 44.11% unaware of their serological status. Women aged ≥25 years showed lower viral load detection. The majority already had HIV before prenatal care, but only 45.88% started follow-up in the first trimester. Treatment adherence was high, but 14.10% dropped out. The analysis highlighted the need for specific strategies for young pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of prenatal exams for early diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation, reducing vertical transmission. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was crucial, although cases of dropout underscored the need for emotional support. The results reinforce the importance of health policies tailored to the needs of HIV-positive pregnant women, aiming to ensure a holistic and effective approach to this vulnerable population.
Evaluation of Mulberry Germplasm for Growth and Yield Parameters during Different Seasons
Authors: C Sushmitha , Chikkalingaiah . , S R Manjunatha , S Vidyashree , M Vinay Kumar
Published: April 2024

Evaluation of mulberry germplasm for growth and yield parameters was carried out during the rainy and winter seasons of 2019-2020 in the Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-65. The experimental material for the present study comprised of Seventy-one mulberry accessions and two check varieties M5 and V1. Among Seventy-one mulberry accessions evaluated the leaf yield of different genotypes differed significantly among different seasons. Among the elite mulberry genotypes, no single genotype was superior in respect of all the traits in different seasons. However, during rainy and winter season MI-232 and MI-143 recorded highest leaf yield.
Electrospun Palladium Nanoparticle‐Loaded Carbon Nanofibers and Their Electrocatalytic Activities towards Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH
Authors: Huang Jianshe , Wang Dawei , Hou Haoqing , You Tianyan
Published: January 2008

Palladium nanoparticle‐loaded carbon nanofibers (Pd/CNFs) were synthesized by the combination of electrospinning and thermal treatment processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that spherical Pd nanoparticles (NPs) are well‐dispersed on the surfaces of CNFs or embedded in CNFs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that cubic phase of Pd was formed during the reduction and carbonization processes, and the presence of Pd NPs promoted the graphitization of CNFs. This nanocomposite material exhibited high electric conductivity and accelerated the electron transfer, as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Pd/CNF‐modified carbon paste electrode (Pd/CNF‐CPE) demonstrated direct and mediatorless responses to H2O2 and NADH at low potentials. The analytical performances of the Pd/CNF‐CPEs towards reduction of H2O2 and oxidation of NADH were evaluated. The high sensitivity, wider linear range, good reproducibility, and the minimal surface fouling make this Pd/CNF‐CPE a promising candidate for amperometric H2O2 or NADH sensor.
Infanticide in black capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina
Authors: Ramírez‐Llorens P. , Di Bitetti M.S. , Baldovino M.C. , Janson C.H.
Published: January 2008

We report here one observed and two potential cases of infanticide during a brief period of 1 month after a dominant male replacement in one group of black capuchin monkeys in Iguazú National Park, Argentina. We also compile infant disappearances and demographic data in seven groups followed from 1–14 years. Behavioral and molecular data showed that the probability that an infanticidal male would kill his own progeny is very low in this species. Females that lost infants less than 6 months old had shorter interbirth intervals than females whose infants survived (14.12±5.32 months,n=17 vs. 20.42±5.65 months,n=34). Females whose infants die shortly after takeovers mate with the presumed infanticidal male during the most fertile days of their subsequent estrous periods giving this male a high probability of siring the new progeny. We recorded 181 proceptive periods and 52 births from 18 adult females in two groups. Most proceptive periods were concentrated during a conception season, but there was an increase in sexual behavior after male takeovers. Seven females copulated while pregnant after the observed male takeover, an unusual behavior in this species in years of group stability. Of 24 infants born during takeover years, 62.5% did not survive the first year, whereas only 22.5% of 80 infants died in years without male replacements. We found a significant positive association between infant mortality and male takeovers, but not with food provisioning. The main cause of infant mortality in this population is associated with male takeovers. Our results suggest that infanticide can have an important effect on the behavior of this species, selecting for female behaviors that function to reduce infanticide risk. Am. J. Primatol. 70:473–484, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of structure on mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins and their glass fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Agarwal Nimisha , Singh Abhishek , Varma Indra K. , Choudhary Veena
Published: January 2008

The article describes the effect of structure of vinyl ester resins (VE) on the mechanical properties of neat sheets as well as glass fabric‐reinforced composites. Different samples of VE were prepared by reacting ester of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (ER) and methacrylic acid (MAA) (1 : 1 molar ratio) followed by reaction of monomethacrylate terminated epoxy resin with glutaric (E) or adipic (F) or sebacic acid (G) (2 : 1 molar ratio). The neat VE were diluted with styrene and sheets were fabricated by using a glass mold. A significant reduction in the mechanical properties was observed by increasing the methylene content of resin backbone (i.e., sample E to G). Glass fabric‐reinforced composites were fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. Resin content in the laminates was 50 ± 5 wt %. Increase in the number of methylene groups in the vinyl ester resin (i.e., increasing the bridge length) did not show any significant effect on limiting oxygen index (LOI) value (21 ± 1) of the laminates but tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus all increased though these values are significantly lower than observed in laminates based on resin B. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Maintenance und Monitoring. Dauermonitoring zur Optimierung der Nutzungsdauer einer Brücke
Authors: Reiterer Michael , Praxmarer Lukas , Kammersberger Andreas
Published: January 2008

Die Nutzungsdauer von Brücken ist vom vorherrschenden Belastungskollektiv, der Konstruktionsart, dem Baumaterial und den Umgebungsbedingungen abhängig. Die Kenntnis des aktuellen Brückenzustands ist für den Erhalter von entscheidender Bedeutung, da zukünftige Investitionen im Brückenneubau frühzeitig angemeldet werden müssen. Diese Kenntnis wird bisher primär durch periodische Inspektionen erlangt. Hierbei ist insbesondere bei älteren Brückentragwerken, die sich visuell in einem schlechten bzw. geschädigten Zustand befinden, die Entscheidung über Neubau oder Verlängerung der Nutzungsdauer oft schwierig zu treffen. Aus volkswirtschaftlicher Sichtweise gilt eine Optimierung der Nutzungsdauer unter gleichzeitiger Garantie von Sicherheit im Tragverhalten von Brückenkonstruktionen als oberstes Prinzip.

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird dieses Prinzip der Nutzungsdaueroptimierung einer bestehenden Brücke durch Installation eines permanenten Monitoringsystems erläutert. Hierzu erfolgt zu Beginn eine intensive Analyse des aktuellen Brückenzustands, in der statische und dynamische FE‐Berechnungen sowie eine Probebelastung als Grundlage dienen. Das Monitoringsystem liefert bis zum Ende der Brückenlebensdauer eine permanente Zustandsinformation, wobei in Verbindung mit einem Notfallplan eine Alarmierung und Brückensperre im Alarmfall eingeleitet wird.
How Metal Ions Affect Amyloid Formation: Cu2+‐ and Zn2+‐Sensitive Peptides
Authors: Pagel Kevin , Seri Tomomi , von Berlepsch Hans , Griebel Jan , Kirmse Reinhard , Böttcher Christoph , Koksch Beate
Published: January 2008

The common feature of proteins involved in many neurodegenerative diseases is their ability to adopt at least two different stable conformations. The conformational transition that shifts the equilibrium from the functional, mostly partially α‐helical structure, to the β‐sheet rich amyloid can be triggered by numerous factors, such as mutations in the primary structure or changes in the environment. We present a set of model peptides that, without changes in their primary structure, react in a predictable fashion in the presence of transition metal ions by adopting different conformations and aggregate morphologies. These de novo designed peptides strictly follow the characteristic heptad repeat of the α‐helical coiled‐coil structural motif. Furthermore, domains that favor β‐sheet formation have been incorporated to make the system prone to amyloid formation. As a third feature, histidine residues create sensitivity towards the presence of transition metal ions. CD spectroscopy, ThT fluorescence experiments, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize peptide conformation and aggregate morphology in the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Furthermore, the binding geometry within peptide–Cu2+ complexes was characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Who stalks? A description of patients at a high security hospital with a history of stalking behaviour
Authors: Whyte Seán , Petch Edward , Penny Catherine , Reiss David
Published: January 2008

Background Knowledge about stalking, and in particular the people who do it, is limited in the UK.

Aim This study aims to describe a sample of stalkers drawn from the resident population of Broadmoor high security hospital in the UK.

Methods Case notes and research database information for 362 consecutive admissions were used to identify stalkers retrospectively. Data were extracted using a stalking behaviour screening checklist.

Results A total of 33 patients (9.1%) were classified as stalkers. They were mostly male (28), young (median age 29), unmarried (30), minimally educated and unemployed. Most had psychosis and personality disorder. They had inflicted a wide range of unwanted intrusions and communications on their victims, and both threats (55%) and assaults (45%) were common. The types of stalkers were more or less equally split between intimacy seeking, rejected suitors, resentful and predatory, with only a tiny group being incompetent suitors.

Conclusions Although this small group of stalkers had been intrusive and attacking, few had been referred for treatment because of the stalking. The screening questionnaire is easy to use and can be done from records. It may be that such screening should become routine in specialist secure hospitals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards
Authors: Schalast Norbert , Redies Mirja , Collins Mick , Stacey Jacqueline , Howells Kevin
Published: January 2008

Background A supportive ward atmosphere is considered by many to be a precondition for successful treatment in forensic psychiatry, but there is a clear need for a valid and economic climate evaluation instrument.

Aims To validate a short questionnaire, designed for assessing forensic psychiatric wards. Climate dimensions measured with the ‘Essen Climate Evaluation Schema’ (EssenCES) are ‘Therapeutic Hold’, ‘Patients' Cohesion and Mutual Support’ and ‘Safety’ (versus threat of aggression and violence).

Method In 17 forensic mental hospitals in Germany, patients and staff completed the EssenCES and other questionnaires. Problematic events were recorded over a period of 3 weeks on each ward.

Results The anticipated three factor structure of the instrument was confirmed. The pattern of correlations also provided support for the validity of the subscales.

Conclusions The climate questionnaire is an economic and valid instrument for assessing the ward atmosphere in forensic psychiatry. Findings from a pilot study in England give confidence to the structural validity of the English version too. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A biosocial explanation of delinquency abstention
Authors: Boutwell Brian B. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: January 2008

Background One of the more influential criminological theories advanced in recent years is Moffitt's developmental taxonomy. A line of research has tested the core propositions from her theory regarding the causes of life‐course persistent offenders and the causes of adolescence‐limited offenders, but very little research has investigated whether Moffitt's explanation of delinquency abstention is supported empirically.

Aim To examine the biosocial correlates of delinquency abstention.

Method We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effects of two dopamine receptor genes (the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4)), drug‐using peers, neighbourhood problems, low self‐control, public assistance, age, race, and gender on delinquency abstention. The statistical models were calculated by employing binary logistic regression.

Results Analysis of the Add Health data revealed that exposure to drug‐using peers and levels of self‐control were associated with abstention from delinquency. In addition, there was some evidence suggesting that DRD2 and DRD4 had protective effects against delinquent involvement for males.

Conclusion A multifactorial arrangement of environmental and genetic factors contributes to delinquency abstention. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological options for inducing maximal hyperaemia during studies of coronary physiology
Authors: McGeoch Ross J. , Oldroyd Keith G.
Published: January 2008

The coronary pressure wire is used for physiological assessment of the coronary vasculature increasingly frequently in clinical practice. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) can now be used to assess lesion severity in a variety of anatomical situations. Increasingly, the coronary pressure wire is being used to interrogate the coronary microvasculature. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and Index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) require hyperaemia to accurately assess thermodilution—derived mean transit times, and pressure derived collateral flow index (CFIp) is calculated from coronary wedge pressure and aortic pressure at hyperaemia. In addition, coronary flow velocity as assessed by a coronary Doppler flow wire needs appropriate induction of hyperaemia. However, the majority of this article will however focus on hyperaemia induction for pressure wire studies particularly FFR. Significant clinical decisions are made as a result of FFR readings, therefore it is imperative that they are carried out correctly. Maximal coronary hyperaemia is essential in producing accurate, reproducible measurements. This article focuses on the pharmacological agents that can be used for this purpose, discusses which agents can be used in specific situations, and briefly addresses the future of pharmacological stress in the catheter laboratory. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Trans‐collateral” angioplasty for a challenging chronic total occlusion of the tibial vessels: A novel approach to percutaneous revascularization in critical lower limb ischemia
Authors: Fusaro Massimiliano , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe
Published: January 2008

Arterial revascularization by means of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a mainstay in the management of patients with peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia (CLI). However, when employing standard approaches, PTA of below‐the‐knee arteries may fail in up to 20% of cases. In the present article, we report a novel interventional strategy, the “transcollateral” angioplasty approach, which we successfully employed in a patient with critical lower limb ischemia and a challenging total infrapopliteal occlusion. This technique may probably increase success rates of PTA in very challenging total occlusions of below‐the‐knee arteries (e.g., those lacking a proximal occlusion stump). The tips pertinent to this case are illustrated, including the need to accurately choose appropriate guidewires and balloons, and the identification of the most appropriate collateral pathway. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of intracoronary stenting after failed maximal medical therapy in patients with symptomatic myocardial bridge
Authors: Kunamneni Prabhakar B. , Rajdev Sanjay , Krishnan Prakash , Moreno Pedro R. , Kim Michael C. , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S.
Published: January 2008

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to study the outcome of coronary stenting in patients with symptomatic myocardial bridging refractory to standard medical therapy.

Background:

Medical therapy constitutes the first line treatment for patients with symptomatic myocardial bridge, surgical correction may be offered to select patients with refractory symptoms. Limited data exists on the outcome of coronary stenting in this patient cohort.

Methods:

Twenty‐nine patients with symptoms of angina, documented myocardial ischemia and angiographically documented myocardial bridge of the left anterior descending artery (defined as [mt]50% systolic compression) were identified retrospectively. Seventeen (59%) patients responded to maximized medical therapy (mean age 51 ± 16 years, range 29–80, 7 female) and 12 (41%) patients received coronary stents following a failed attempt of minimum 3 months of maximal medical therapy (mean age 49 ± 15 years, range 32–76 years, 5 females). Medical therapy responders were compared with intracoronary stent group for recurrent severe angina, target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), and death at follow‐up.

Results:

Intracoronary stents were placed in all patients successfully. The incidence of recurrent severe angina and TVR were significantly greater in the stent group (P = 0.04) while MI and death in two groups were similar at mean follow‐up of 15 ± 3 months.

Conclusions:

Coronary stent placement for medically refractory symptomatic myocardial bridge failed to relieve severe angina and is associated with high clinical restenosis and hence should be avoided. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advances in diagnosis and treatment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Park Myung H.
Published: January 2008

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease marked by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling within pulmonary arteries leading to right heart failure and death. Significant advances in understanding the pathobiology of the disease have identified three key pathways involved in progression of this disease, which are the endothelin pathway, the prostacyclin pathway, and the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. Echocardiogram is the best screening tool to obtain an estimation of the pulmonary artery systolic pressure but right heart catheterization remains the standard by which the diagnosis is made. There are currently six FDA approved therapies for PAH. The mechanistic rationale, evidence behind their use and side effect considerations in utilizing these therapies in PAH patients will be the focus of this review. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutting balloon angioplasty for resistant venous stenoses of dialysis access: Immediate and patency results
Authors: Wu Chih‐Cheng , Wen Szu‐Chi
Published: January 2008

Objectives:

To evaluate the technical success, safety and patency of cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of resistant dialysis access stenoses.

Background:

Cutting balloon angioplasty has been proposed to be useful in treating resistant dialysis access stenoses. However, they are based on experience with very limited cases and formal patency data is insufficient.

Methods:

The author retrospectively reviewed 896 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures for the treatment of dysfunctional or thrombotic dialysis access. Thirty‐seven of 623 patients with native fistulas and 23 of 273 patients with synthetic grafts had residual stenoses of more than 30% after conventional PTA at an inflation pressure of 24 atm for 60 sec. In these 60 patients, additional cutting balloon PTA was performed.

Results:

The overall technical success rate was 96.7% and clinical success rate was 98.3%. Only one patient experienced mild local extravasation. The postintervention primary patency rates for native fistula group (N = 37) were 100%, 86.4%, and 67.5% at 1‐month, 3‐month, and 6‐month; the postintervention primary patency rates for synthetic graft group (N = 23) were 87.0%, 60.9%, and 34.2% at 1‐month, 3‐month, and 6‐month respectively.

Conclusions:

For resistant venous stenoses of dialysis access, cutting balloon PTA is effective, safe, and seems to provide comparative primary patency as suggested by guidelines. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid Prediction of CO2 Solubility in Aqueous Solutions of DEA and MDEA
Authors: Bahadori A. , Vuthaluru H. B. , Mokhatab S.
Published: January 2008

In the present work, a simple‐to‐use correlation is developed to predict the solubility of CO2 in aqueous solutions of DEA and MDEA as a function of the reduced partial pressure and temperature. Using the interaction parameters generated, the model is applied to correlate the CO2 loading in different amine solutions. The results from the proposed correlation have been compared with the reported experimental data and it was found that there is a good agreement between the observed data and the model predictions over a wide range of operating conditions in aqueous solutions of both diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).
Scaling Up of the Geometrically Similar Unbaffled Circular Tank Surface Aerators
Authors: Rao A. R. K. , Kumar B.
Published: January 2008

The present investigation is concerned with the development of scale‐up equations for the oxygen transfer coefficient, k, and the power number, PO, for unbaffled circular tank surface aerators under geometrically similar conditions, with the purpose of designing energy efficient aerators. It has been found for the present aerators that k and PO are uniquely related to a parameter, X, governing the theoretical power per unit volume and which is defined as Fr4/3Re1/3, where Fr and Re are the impellers' Froude and Reynolds numbers, respectively. Empirical correlations between k and X, as well as PO with X are developed for the range of experiments conducted. Based on such experimental results, procedures to design energy efficient aeration systems have been demonstrated and it was found that smaller sized aerators are more energy efficient and economical when compared to bigger sized tanks, while aerating the same volume of water, by maintaining the same input power to the tanks irrespective of their size. It has been also demonstrated that substantial amounts of energy can be saved if the aeration tanks run at higher input power.
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Dense Pneumatic Conveying of Pulverized Coal in a Vertical Pipe at High Pressure
Authors: Pu W. , Zhao C. , Xiong Y. , Liang C. , Chen X. , Lu P. , Fan C.
Published: January 2008

A two‐fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow was used to study three‐dimensional steady state flow behavior of dense phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal in a vertical pipe, where the average solid concentration ranges from 11 % to 30 %, and the transport pressure ranges from 2.6 Mpa to 3.3 Mpa. Since the solid concentration is rather high, a k–ϵ–kp–ϵp model which considers the turbulence interaction between the gas and particle phase, was incorporated into the two‐fluid model. The simulation results including profiles of gas and particle phase axial velocity, profiles of solid concentration, profiles of the turbulence intensity of the particle phase, as well as the value of the pressure gradient were reported. Then, the influences of solid concentration and transport pressure on the flow behaviors were discussed. The experiment was also carried out to validate the accuracy of the simulation results which showed that the predictions of pressure gradient were in good agreement with the experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the location of maximal solid concentration deviates from the pipe center and the deviation becomes more obvious with the solid concentration increasing, which is analogous to the phenomenon in the liquid/solid flow. Besides, pressure gradient declines as the transport pressure decreases, which is validated by experiment described in the paper. Moreover, the analysis indicates that it is necessary to consider the turbulence of particles for the simulation of dense phase pneumatic conveying at high pressure.
Mixing of Jets in Cross Flow after Double Rows of Radial Injections
Authors: Nirmolo A. , Woche H. , Specht E.
Published: January 2008

Multiple rows of jets injected into a cross flow with diameters of 0.3 to 3 m were studied experimentally and numerically. The measured values were in good agreement with CFD calculations. The optimum mixing for a single row was obtained at a normalized momentum flux ratio (J/n2) of 0.3 with a penetration depth (h/R) of 0.6, which is in accordance with previous studies. This condition is valid for all numbers of nozzles. However, increasing the number of nozzles will also improve the mixing quality. Double rows with a staggered arrangement always give a worse mixing quality, compared to a single row. Double rows with an inline arrangement will improve the mixing quality only if the injected volumetric flows produce over‐ and under‐penetrated jets for a $ {\dot V}_{\rm jo1} $/$ {\dot V}_{\rm jo2} $ ratio of 3/1 or 1/3. For operation under ever changing conditions a single row with J/n2 > 0.3 and n ≥ 24 is recommended.
Ionic Modifiers in Phase Transition Extraction
Authors: Castro Arce J. , Strozyk M. , Bart H.‐J.
Published: January 2008

The influence of the addition of NaCl on the temperature‐induced phase separation of 3‐methoxypropionitrile and water was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experiments performed under direct microscopic observation revealed an enhanced domain growth speed and an improved clarifying behavior. It was found that the relevant physical properties changed dramatically with the addition of NaCl, which induced a shift of the equilibrium curve and a change of the operational temperature. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations have also predicted this shift, although electrostatic interactions were not taken into account explicitly in the current study.
CO2 Capture Using CaO Modified with Ethanol/Water Solution during Cyclic Calcination/Carbonation
Authors: Li Y.‐J. , Zhao C.‐S. , Qu C.‐R. , Duan L.‐B. , Li Q.‐Z. , Liang C.
Published: January 2008

The calcium‐based sorbent cyclic calcination/carbonation reaction is an effective technique for capturing CO2 from combustion processes. The CO2 capture capacity for CaO modified with ethanol/water solution was investigated over long‐term calcination/carbonation cycles. In addition, the SEM micrographs and pore structure for the calcined sorbents were analyzed. The carbonation conversion for CaO modified with ethanol/water solution is greater than that for CaO hydrated with distilled water and is much higher than that for calcined limestone. Modified CaO achieves the highest conversion for carbonation at the range of 650–700 °C. Higher values of ethanol concentration in solution result in higher carbonation conversion for modified CaO, and lead to better anti‐sintering performance. After calcination, the specific surface area and pore volume for modified CaO are higher than those for hydrated CaO, and are much greater than those for calcined limestone. The ethanol molecule enhances H2O molecule affinity and penetrability to CaO in the hydration reaction so that the pores in CaO modified are obviously expanded after calcination. CaO modified with ethanol/water solution can act as a new and promising type of calcium‐based regenerable CO2 sorbent for industrial applications.
Fuzzy Optimization of Extractive Fermentation Processes Including Cell Recycle for Lactic Acid Production
Authors: Lin H.‐T. , Wang F.‐S.
Published: January 2008

In this study, a bioprocess optimization problem was considered for a multiple‐stage extractive fermentation, including cell recycling, to produce lactic acid. The aim of the optimization problem is to obtain the maximum overall productivity, conversion and yield simultaneously, so that the optimization problem is formulated as a multi‐objective optimization procedure. The fuzzy goal attainment method was introduced to the multi‐objective optimization problem in order to obtain a trade‐off solution. The approach was also employed to determine the optimal design for two simplified continuous fermentation processes. From the computational results, the overall productivity for the fermentation processes including cell recycling, enabled a higher dilution rate so that the overall productivity was ca. thirteen‐fold higher than that of the continuous fermentation process without cell recycling.
Structural Paradigms in Macropolyhedral Boranes
Authors: Kiani Farooq Ahmad , Hofmann Matthias
Published: January 2008

Macropolyhedral borane clusters are concave polyhedra constituting fused convex simple polyhedra. They are formally obtained by condensation of simple polyhedral boranes under elimination of between one and four BH3 or isoelectronic units. The number of eliminated vertexes from simple polyhedra equals the number of shared vertexes in macropolyhedral boranes. For each of the eight classes with general formulae ranging from BnHn−4 to BnHn+10, more than one structure type is possible, differing in the number of shared vertexes and in the types of the two combined cluster fragments. However, only one type of “potential structures” is represented by experimentally known examples and is found to be favored by theoretical calculations. A sophisticated system exists among the favored macropolyhedral borane structures. For each class of macropolyhedral boranes, the number of skeletal electron pairs is directly related to the general formula, the number of shared vertexes and the type of fused cluster fragments. In order to predict the distribution of vertexes among the fused fragments, we propose the concept of preferred fragments. Preferred fragments are those usually present in the thermodynamically most stable structure of a given class of macropolyhedral boranes and are also frequently observed in the experimentally known structures. This allows us to completely predict the cluster framework of the thermodynamically most stable macropolyhedral borane isomers.