bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selkov’s Dynamic System of Fractional Variable Order with Non-Constant Coefficients
Authors: Parovik Roman
Published: January 2025

The article uses an approach based on the triad model-algorithm-program. The model is a nonlinear dynamic Selkov system with non-constant coefficients and fractional derivatives of the Gerasimov-Caputo type. The Adams-Bashforth-Multon numerical method from the predictor-corrector family of methods is selected as an algorithm for studying this system. The ABMSelkovFracSim software package acts as a program, in which a numerical algorithm with the ability to visualize the research results was implemented: to build oscillograms and phase trajectories. Examples of the ABMSelkovFracSim software package operation for various values of the model parameters are given. It is shown that with an increase in the values of the parameter responsible for the characteristic time scale, regular and chaotic modes are observed. Further in the work, bifurcation diagrams were constructed, which confirmed this. Aperiodic modes were also detected and a singularity was revealed.
Thermal Comfort and Sustainability in University Classrooms. A Study in Mediterranean Climate Zones
Authors: Romero Pilar , Miranda María Teresa , Isidoro Rui , Arranz José Ignacio , Valero-Amaro Víctor
Published: January 2025

Thermal comfort in educational environments affects not only students' well-being but also their concentration and academic performance. In the context of climate change, university classrooms in Mediterranean climates face particular challenges due to higher and more variable temperatures. This study evaluates thermal comfort in classrooms in southern Portugal, comparing natural ventilation (NV) and air conditioning (AC) modes. Through environmental measurements and student surveys, thermal perceptions, preferences and factors such as position within the classroom were analysed. The results reveal that NV classrooms offer sustainable benefits, but their effectiveness decreases when outside temperatures exceed 28°C, increasing thermal discomfort. In contrast, AC classrooms maintain more stable and comfortable conditions, although they have thermal gradients that affect specific zones, such as areas near windows or air vents. This study highlights the need for hybrid strategies that prioritise NV in moderate temperatures and use AC as a support in extreme conditions. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of appropriate architectural design and specific adaptive models for Mediterranean climates, balancing thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
Benchmarking Hyper-Breakpoints for Efficient Virtual Machine Introspection
Authors: Beierlieb Lukas , Schmitz Alexander , Dietrich Christian , Springer Raphael , Iffländer Lukas
Published: January 2025

Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) is a powerful technology used to detect and analyze malicious software inside Virtual Machines (VMs) from outside. Asynchronously accessing the VM’s memory can be insufficient for efficiently monitoring what is happening inside of a VM. Active VMI introduces breakpoints to intercept VM execution at relevant points. Especially for frequently visited breakpoints, it is crucial to keep their performance overhead as small as possible. In this paper, we provide an systematization of existing VMI breakpoint implementation variants, propose workloads to quantify the different performance penalties of breakpoints, and implement them in the benchmarking application bpbench. We used this benchmark to measure that, on an Intel Core i5 7300U, SmartVMI’s breakpoints take around 81 µs to handle, and keeping the breakpoint invisible costs an additional 21 µs per read access. The availability of bpbench allows the comparison of different breakpoint mechanisms, as well as their performance optimization with immediate feedback.
Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by a Protective System for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Acquesta Annalisa , Desiderio Fulvia , Russo Pietro , Stornelli Giulia , Di Schino Andrea , Monetta Tullio
Published: January 2025

The removal of prosthetic implants, although normally necessary following the recovery of patients, inevitably has disadvantages in terms of costs, further pains and possible post-operative infections. A promising alternative is represented using bioresorbable implant structures. The magnesium alloy-based devices could be ideal candidate due to their poor corrosion resistance and high biocompatibility, but their degradation rate is dissimilar to that of hosting tissues healing. Therefore, a growing interest is addressed to design new magnesium alloys with a slow degradation process or to modify the surface of known magnesium alloys. This paper aims to investigate the enhancement of corrosion resistance of a protective system applied on the AZ31 magnesium alloy composed of three different superimposed layers: a) magnesium-based oxide, b) polydopamine and c) polylactic acid. Morphological and chemical analysis were performed. Roughness and microhardness measurements were carried out. Electrochemical behavior was studied in the Hanks’ solution at 37 °C. As expected, the findings showed that the magnesium oxide layer is able to reduce the degradation rate, in contrast to the polydopamine layer, that negatively affected the barrier protection of the only anodization. However, the presence of polydopamine together with the polylactic acid film improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Thus, the multilayers should represent a protective system to control the degradation process.
Does Asymmetric Reproductive Isolation Predict the Direction of Introgression in Plants?
Authors: Martin Noland H. , Zalmat Alexander S. , Ellis Bailey S. , McGarvey Sophia , Simmons-Frazier Kayla , Mancusi Katelin , Sotola V. Alex
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) results in the reduction of interspecific hybridization and the maintenance of species boundaries. Asymmetries in RI, where one species more frequently serves as the maternal or paternal parent in initial F1 hybrid for-mation, are commonly observed in plants. Asymmetric introgression, the predominantly unidi-rectional transfer of genetic material through hybridization and backcrossing, has also been fre-quently documented in hybridizing plant taxa as well. This study investigates whether asymme-tries in total RI measured between species can predict the direction of introgression in naturally hybridizing plant taxa. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on 19 plant species pairs with published data on both asymmetric total RI, and asymmetric introgression. Species pairs that met these criteria were identified through a comprehensive literature review. A two-tailed binomial test was performed to evaluate whether asymmetric RI was associated with asymmetries in in-trogression. Results: No significant relationship was found between asymmetries in total RI and the direction of introgression (p = 0.3593). Conclusions: Asymmetric RI largely does not predict the direction of introgression. Rather, introgression patterns may be better understood by exam-ining F1 and later-generation hybrids in natural settings, focusing on their fitness, mating behav-iors, and the ecological and demographic factors that shape hybrid zones.
Theoretical Insights into Methanol Electro-Oxidation on NiPd Nanoelectrocatalysts: Investigating the Carbonate-Palladium Oxide Pathway and the Role of Water and OH Adsorption
Authors: Santoveña-Uribe Alan , Ledesma-Durán Aldo , Torres-Enriquez Julisa , Santamaría-Holek I.
Published: January 2025

We conducted a theoretical and experimental study on the electro-oxidation of methanol (MOR) on NixPdy nanoparticles. The results are presented in terms of kinetic parameters, surface concentrations and peak currents, showing significant differences between three main compositions: Ni3Pd1, Ni1Pd1 and Ni1Pd3. The kinetic mechanism adopted for accounting the linear voltammetry experiments performed follows the carbonate-palladium oxide pathway of the MOR. Numerical simulations of the kinetic equations, fitted to experimental data obtained at varying methanol concentrations, allowed us to distinguish the adsorption contributions of methanol, water, and OH ions from the nonlinear contribution associated with palladium oxide and carbon dioxide production. The synergistic effects of Ni:Pd nanoalloys on the MOR are then assessed by analyzing the behavior and tendencies of the reaction rate constants for different bulk methanol concentrations. Our results suggest that a higher Pd content favors more efficient oxidation mechanisms, by reducing the formation of intermediate products that cause surface poisoning, such as CO, carbonates or palladium oxide. However, as the proportion of Ni increases, an increase in the concentration of adsorbed OH is observed, which dominates the blocking of active sites even above from the palladium oxide blocking.
Differentially Expressed Genes in Cardiomyocytes of the First Camelized Mouse Model, Nrapc.255ins78 Mouse
Authors: Lee Sung-Yeon , Lim Byeonghwi , Lee Bo-Young , Jang Goo , Choi Jung-Seok , Cui Xiang-Shun , Kim Kwan Suk
Published: January 2025

The first camelized mouse model (Nrap c.255ins78) was developed to explore how camels adapt to extreme environments. Previous studies showed that these mice exhibit a cold‐resistant phenotype, with increased expression of inflammatory cytokine‐related genes in the heart under cold stress. This study aims to build on prior research by analyzing the heart transcriptomes of Nrap c.255ins78 mice under non‐stress conditions to investigate the origins of inflammatory cytokine responses in the heart during cold exposure. For this purpose, RNA sequencing was used to analyze the heart transcriptomes of 12‐week‐old male and female Nrap c.255ins78 mice and control wild‐type mice. As a result, we identified 25 differentially expressed genes between wild‐type and Nrap c.255ins78 mice. Twelve of them were associated with the cell cycle and division, all consistently downregulated in Nrapc.255ins78 mice. The Cib3 (calcium and integrin‐binding protein) gene was significantly upregulated (FDR < 0.05; P < 0.001). These DEGs are linked to altered calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes, maintaining homeostasis, and suggest that inflammatory cytokines during cold exposure may serve as an adaptive response. Our findings provide insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying temperature adaptation in camels and suggest pathways for enhancing stress resistance in other mammals.
Body Image of Adult Women the Light of Physical Activity, Morphologic, and Sociodemographic Data
Authors: Knapik Andrzej , Plinta Ryszard , Gnat Rafał
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: There are no empirical data available on non-pathological determinants of the body image (BI) among adult women. The importance of the BI for sense of well-being prompted authors to study its relationships with sociodemographic (age, education level, professional, marital, material status), morphologic (body mass index – BMI) and behavioral (habitual physical activity) variables.. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a cohort of volunteer women was conducted with the one-time measurement of the dependent variables – individual components of the BI – using the standard Body Esteem Scale (BES) questionnaire. Seven hundred and forty respondents participated. Results: The BMI was a factor differentiating all domains BES. Among the analysed sociodemographic variables, intergroup comparisons showed significant effects of education and material status in BES domains: sexual attractiveness and weight concern. The physical condition domain showed differences between categories of professional and material status influenced the domain of physical condition. The level of physical activity differentiated respondents in the domains of weight concern and physical condition. Conclusions: Adult women are generally critical about their BI. A factor that adversely affects BES is excessive BMI. Sociodemographic factors influence the BI to a lesser degree. Physical activity is a strong moderator of physical condition, especially in young women.
Cutting-Edge Sensor Design: MIP Nanoparticle-Functionalized Nanofibers for Gas-Phase Detection of Limonene in Predictive Agriculture
Authors: Molinari Fabricio Nicolas , Marelli Marcello , Berretti Enrico , Serrecchia Simone , Coppola Roxana Elisabeth , De Cesare Fabrizio , Macagnano Antonella
Published: January 2025

As population growth and climate change intensify pressures on agriculture, innovative strategies are vital for ensuring food security, optimizing resources, and protecting the environment. This study introduces a novel approach to predictive agriculture by utilizing the unique properties of terpenes, specifically S(-)-limonene, emitted by plants under stress. Advanced sensors capable of detecting subtle limonene variations offer the potential for early stress diagnosis and precise crop interventions. This research marks a significant leap in sensor technology, introducing an innovative active sensing material that combines molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology with electrospinning. S(-)-limonene-selective MIP nanoparticles, engineered using methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), were synthesized with an average diameter of ~160 nm and integrated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This design produced a conductive and highly responsive sensing layer. The sensor exhibited rapid stabilization (200 s), a detection limit (LOD) of 190 ppb, and a selectivity index of 73% against similar monoterpenes. Optimal performance was achieved at 55% relative humidity, highlighting environmental conditions' importance. This pioneering use of polymeric MIP membranes in chemiresistive sensors for limonene detection opens new possibilities for monitoring VOCs, with applications in agricultural stress biomarkers, contaminant detection, and air quality monitoring, advancing precision agriculture and environmental protection.
Method for Extracting Laser Stripe Centerlines on Complex Deep Hole Surfaces Based on Minimum Spanning Tree and Depth-First Search
Authors: Du Huifu , Yu Daguo , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhou Ziyang
Published: January 2025

In the process of extracting the centerline of laser streaks in complex deep-hole cavities, burrs as well as cluttered low-frequency random noise often appear in the point cloud data acquired by traditional image processing methods. To address this issue, this study proposes a point cloud post-processing method based on the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithms. First, the Steger algorithm is used to generate a subpixel point cloud model containing noise. Then, an effective connectivity structure of the point cloud is constructed using MST, and the DFS algorithm is applied for path searching of the main contour and noise elimination. The proposed method can accurately extract laser stripe centerlines from complex parts, significantly improving the extraction accuracy. Experimental results show that, after applying the MST and DFS methods, low-frequency noise is effectively removed, and the extraction results are highly consistent with manual methods. The Dice similarity coefficient approaches 1, and the maximum Hausdorff distance is only 3.3821 pixels. This method provides an efficient and reliable solution for the precise extraction of complex laser stripes and lays a solid data foundation for subsequent feature parameter calculation and 3D reconstruction.
Analyzing Cost Overrun Risks in Construction Projects: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective Using Fuzzy Group Decision-Making and K-Means Clustering
Authors: Abdelalim Ahmed Mohammed , Salem Maram , Salem Mohamed , Al-Adwani Manal , Tantawy Mohamed
Published: January 2025

This study examines cost overrun factors in construction projects, focusing on the MENA region using Egypt as a case study. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 405 research papers published between 2000 and 2024, from which 64 relevant papers were selected to identify 48 key factors contributing to cost overruns. Using K-Means clustering, these factors were grouped into three clusters based on their probability and impact, allowing for their classification by risk level. To ensure robust analysis, a survey was conducted to gather expert input, resulting in 369 valid responses from clients, contractors, and consultants. The Fuzzy Group Decision-Making Approach (FGDMA) was used to rank all 48 factors, offering a detailed assessment of their relative importance. Based on these rankings, the top 20 factors were identified for further analysis to examine variations in stakeholder priorities, capturing differences in perspectives among clients, contractors, and consultants. Sensitivity analysis and Tornado charts revealed critical variations among stakeholder, with consultants and clients prioritizing design-related risks, such as inconsistencies and delays in approvals, while contractors focused more on material waste. The findings present a structured approach for analyzing and prioritizing cost overrun risks, providing practical insights for construction professionals to improve cost and risk management strategies.
HPV Infection and Oral Microbiota: Interactions and Future Implications
Authors: Xia Qingqing , Pierson Sarah
Published: January 2025

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of mucosal cancers, including the increasing incidence of HPV-related head and neck cancers. The oral microbiota-a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses-play a critical role in oral and systemic health. Oral microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly linked to inflammation, immune suppression, and cancer progression. Recent studies highlight a complex interaction between HPV and oral microbiota, suggesting this interplay influences viral persistence, immune response and the tumor microenvironment. These interactions hold significant implications for disease progression, clinical outcomes and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the oral microbiota has emerged as a promising biomarker for HPV detection and disease progress assessment. In addition, probiotic-based treatments are gaining attention as innovative approach to prevent or treat HPV-related cancers by modulating the microbial environment. This review provides current research on the interaction between HPV and oral microbiota, explores their clinical implications, and discusses the future potential to utilize microbiota for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in HPV-associated cancers.
Relationship Between Renal Resistance Index and Retinal Vascular Density in Individuals with Hypertension
Authors: Carollo Caterina , Vadalà Maria , Sorce Alessandra , Sinatra Nicola , Orlando Emanuele , Cirafici Emanuele , Bennici Miriam , Polosa Riccardo , Bonfiglio Vincenza Maria Elena , Mulè Giuseppe , Geraci Giulio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Considering the physiological analogies between the eye and the kidney, this study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between retinal vascular density, assessed using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A), and the renal resistive index (RRI) in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods: A total of 82 hypertensive patients were enrolled in the study. Participants underwent routine biochemical evaluations, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, OCT-A imaging, and renal Doppler ultrasound examinations. Results: The mean RRI in the study population was 0.616 ± 0.06. Participants were divided into two groups based on the 75th percentile threshold of RRI distribution. The group with RRI > 75th percentile exhibited Significantly higher mean triglyceride levels and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) a significantly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and a higher prevalence of smokers, approaching statistical significance. Among the hemodynamic parameters analysed, 24-hour pulse pressure (PP), daytime and nighttime PP, and nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly higher in the group with RRI > 75th percentile. Regarding retinal vascular density indices, the only significant difference was observed in the deep foveal vascular plexus, which displayed a reduced density in the group with RRI > 75th percentile. Logistic regression analysis revealed that RRI > 75th percentile was independently associated with increased nighttime mean pulse pressure (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.049–1.221, p = 0.0014) and reduced deep foveal vascular density (OR = -0.5026, 95% CI: 1.0493–1.2211, p = 0.0044). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that ocular microvascular alterations are associated with RRI, a marker with a well-established prognostic value for renal disease progression and systemic macrovascular dysfunction. These results further substantiate the close relationship between renal and ocular microcirculation.
YS3AM: Adaptive 3D Reconstruction and Harvesting Target Detection for Clustered Green Asparagus
Authors: Mu Si , Liu Jian , Zhang Ping , Yuan Jin , Liu Xuemei
Published: January 2025

Green asparagus has the characteristic of growing in clusters, making it inevitable for harvest targets to overlap with weeds and immature asparagus in the field. Extracting stem details in complex spatial positions information presents a significant challenge in identifying suitable harvest targets and high-precision cutting-points. This paper explored YS3AM (Yolo-SAM-3D-Adaptive-Modeling) method for green asparagus detection and 3D adaptive-section modeling using a depth camera, which could furnish harvesting path planning for the selective harvesting robots. Firstly, the model was developed and deployed to extract bounding boxes for individual asparagus stems within clusters. Secondly, the green asparagus stems within these bounding boxes were segment and generate binary mask images. Thirdly, high-quality depth images were obtained using pixel block completion. Finally, based on the cylinder, an adaptive-section 3D reconstruction method fusion with mask and depth was proposed, with a novel evaluation method applied to assess modeling accuracy. The experimental detection results of 1,095 test images demonstrated that the Precision was 98.75%, the Recall was 95.46%, the F1 score was 0.97, and the mAP was 97.16%. The modeling accuracy of 103 asparagus stems under sunny (54) and cloudy (49) conditions was estimated. The average RMSEs of length and bottom depth were 0.74 and 1.105. The detection and modeling for each stem approximately demanded 22 ms. The results of this paper indicated that the 3D model effectively represented the spatial distribution of green asparagus, and further accurately identification of suitable harvest targets and stem cutting-points. This model provided essential spatial pathways for end-effector path planning, thereby fulfilling the operational requirements for efficient green asparagus harvesting robot.
Advancing Canopy-Level Entomological Surveillance to Monitor Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Disease Dynamics
Authors: Le Breton Cosmo , Laporta Gabriel , Sallum Maria Anice , Hesse Henrik , Salgado-Lynn Milena , Manin Benny Obrain , Fornace Kimberly
Published: January 2025

Faced with the increased frequency of zoonotic spillover in recent decades, emerging vector-borne diseases from non-human primates pose a significant threat to global public health. Understanding transmission dynamics driven by arthropod vectors between wildlife populations is critical for surveillance, modelling and mitigation. Elevated canopy-level sampling is a valuable approach for elucidating vector behaviour and sylvatic transmission. However, this is underutilized in many regions due to the logistical and mechanical challenges of re-purposing ground-based trapping for the forest canopy. We review methods of canopy-level entomological surveillance, present case studies and identify opportunities to integrate new technologies. Paired with robust experimental design, canopy-level trapping can complement existing surveillance of emerging zoonotic diseases and provide critical insights into the role of vectors driving spillover risks.
Mortality for Post COVID Condition: 2025 Update
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian
Published: January 2025

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated profound health, societal and economic consequences, further compounded by long-term sequelae commonly referred to as post COVID or long-COVID syndrome. Understanding the real-world impact of post COVID mortality is hence critical for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the US National Center for Health Statistics to identify deaths attributed to post-COVID condition, as classified by the ICD-10 code U09.9, from October 2021 to December 2024. Demographic factors such as gender, age and place of death were also extracted. Results: By December 2024, 2,653 US deaths were classified under the ICD-10 code U09.9, corresponding to an age-adjusted mortality rate of 0.089×100,000. Mortality was significantly higher in males compared to females (0.098 vs. 0.081×100,000; p<0.001). A clear age-related gradient in mortality was observed, with rates increasing almost linearly with advancing age. The majority of post COVID deaths occurred at home (33.0%), followed by nursing homes (26.3%) and medical facilities (24.1%). Conclusions: These findings underscore the significant yet nuanced impact of post-COVID condition on mortality. The observed patterns underscore the need for targeted healthcare interventions and resource allocation, particularly for vulnerable populations such as elderly males isolated at home.
Harnessing Manuka Honey: A Natural Remedy for Accelerated Burn Wound Healing in a Porcine Model
Authors: Privrodski Boris , Jovanović Mladen , Delic Nikola , Ratajac Radomir , Privrodski Vladimir , Stanojković Aleksandar , Gavlik Bernadeta , Čapo Ivan
Published: January 2025

Burn injuries present significant medical challenges due to their complexity in healing and potential for severe scarring. This study evaluates the efficacy of Manuka honey in accelerating burn wound healing and minimizing scar formation compared to conven-tional antibiotic ointments. Using a porcine model resembling human skin, nine Landrace breed female pigs with standardized deep dermal burns were treated with either Manuka honey in alginate or a combination of antibiotic ointment.Wound healing was assessed through macroscopic evaluation, histopathological analysis, and immuno-histochemical staining over a 60-day period. Our findings reveal that Manuka honey significantly accelerates reepithelialization, enhances epidermal regeneration, and re-duces the time to complete wound closure. Histopathological evaluation showed superior dermal reconstruction with Manuka honey, increased collagen density, and horizontally oriented fibres, indicating better-quality scar tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed lower macrophage activity and higher cell proliferative activity (Ki67 staining) in the Manuka honey group, contributing to faster healing.The control group exhibited delayed epithelialization, higher inflammation, and less organized collagen structure, leading to poorer healing outcomes. This study highlights Manuka honey as a promising treatment for burns, offering accelerated healing and improved scar aesthetics. Integration into clinical practice could enhance patient recovery and reduce the burden of burn injuries.
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Reducing Dental Anxiety among Children with Special Needs: A Scoping Review with Conceptual Map
Authors: Alkahtani Zuhair Motlak
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of non-pharmacological man-agement in reducing dental anxiety among special needs children during dental treatment. Methods: Five electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar, were searched from 2007 till August 2024 for randomized control trials and observational studies comparing the effectiveness of non-pharmacological techniques in reducing dental anxiety during invasive and noninvasive dental treatment. The primary outcomes of the studied intervention were reduced dental anxiety and improved behavior during dental treatment. The conceptual map was created to understand the need for assessment and behavior management for special needs children (SN). Results: Nineteen articles qualified for final analysis from 250 screened articles. Included studies evaluated the effect of strategies applied clinically, such as audio-visual distraction, sensory-adapted envi-ronment, and virtual reality. The included studies measured the trivial to large effect of measured interventions and supported non-pharmacological interventions in clinical settings. Conclusion: Most basic non-pharmacological interventions showed a trivial to large reduction in dental anxiety among SN patients. The conceptual map developed in this study supports the need for non-pharmacological interventions as they are cost-effective and create a positive environment in dental clinics. However, more studies need to focus on non-pharmacological behavior interventions in SN children to support the findings of this scoping review.
Optimizing Deep Learning Models for Climate-Related Natural Disaster Detection from UAV images and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: VanExel Kim , Liu Siyan , Sherchan Samendra
Published: January 2025

This research project involves a comprehensive approach to utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), & deep learning (DL), for detecting climate change related natural disasters such as flooding/desertification from aerial imagery. By compiling images of numerous datasets from an open-access data site, this work offers an extensive novel dataset, the Climate Change Dataset. This dataset was utilized to train DL models including transfer learning models for the detection of climate related natural disasters. Four ML models trained on the Climate Change Dataset were compared including: a convolutional neural network (CNN), DenseNet201, VGG16, and ResNet50. Our DenseNet201 model was chosen for optimization leading to improved performance. The 4 ML models all performed well with DenseNet201 Optimized and ResNet50 yielding the highest accuracies of 99.37% and 99.21% respectively. By advancing our scientific knowledge in climate change impacts, desertification & flood detection, this research project has demonstrated the potential of AI to proactively address environmental challenges. Our study is intended for the use of AI for Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability.
Body Mass Index and 10-year Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - Interaction With Age, Sex, Diabetic Status and Clinical Presentation
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Kufner Sebastian , Cassese Salvatore , Joner Michael , Xhepa Erion , Sager Hendrik B. , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims: The association between body mass index (BMI) and long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains poorly inves-tigated. We undertook this study to assess the association between BMI and 10-year out-come after PCI. Methods and Results: This study included 5597 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI. Patients were categorized according to BMI values: un-derweight group (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight group (BMI between 18.5 kg/m2 and <25 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI between 25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The primary outcome was 10-year all-cause mortality. At 10 years, deaths of any cause (primary endpoint) occurred in 1754 patients: 31 deaths in the under-weight group (59.7%), 582 deaths (39.1%) in the normal weight group, 710 deaths (31.1%) in the overweight group and 431 deaths (33.8%) in the obesity group (overall P value <0.001; P for nonlinearity <0.001). Nonsurvivors had a significantly lower BMI compared with survivors (26.5 [24.2-29.9] kg/m2 vs. 27.2 [24.8-30.1] kg/m2, P<0.001). Interaction test-ing showed a BMI-by-age interaction demonstrating a stronger association between higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and reduced risk of all-cause mortality in patients ≥75 years of age (Pint = 0.009). The association between BMI and all-cause mortality was U-shaped (P for nonlinearity<0.001). C-statistic of the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for mortality increased from 0.762 [0.751-0.773] with baselines variables only to 0.766 [0.756-0.777], P<0.001) after inclusion of BMI in the model (baseline variables plus BMI). Conclu-sions BMI was associated with 10-year mortality after PCI with a U-shaped relationship.
Pemphigus Syphiliticus: A Case Report from Italy and a Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Cammarata Edoardo , Esposto Elia , Di Cristo Nunzia , Bernascone Elena , Burzio Valentina , Savoia Paola
Published: January 2025

Background: Congenital syphilis remains a significant global health concern, with severe morbidity and mortality if undiagnosed and untreated. Although many infants appear asymptomatic at birth, subtle clinical signs—including bullous lesions (pemphigus syphiliticus)—may facilitate early detection. Recognizing this rare manifestation is crucial for timely intervention, reducing serious outcomes.
Methods: We systematically reviewed Medline (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 2024 for cases of con-genital pemphigus syphiliticus. We extracted demographic, clinical, laboratory, radio-logical, treatment, and outcome data. Additionally, we included clinical information from a newly documented case of congenital pemphigus syphiliticus managed in our center.
Results: Nineteen cases of congenital syphilis with bullous lesions were identified, 18 with sufficient detail for analysis. Patients presented three distinct clinical patterns: confined palmoplantar lesions, acrally distributed lesions, and diffuse bullous-erosive involve-ment. Despite variable severity, cutaneous manifestations provided a key diagnostic clue. Nontreponemal and treponemal serologic tests were central to diagnosis, supported by maternal screening and imaging. Intravenous penicillin G was the most frequently employed therapy. While most infants achieved remission, severe respiratory in-volvement was associated with mortality. Our new case aligned with these findings, demonstrating full resolution after appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Conclusions: Pemphigus syphiliticus, though rare, is an important early sign of congenital syphilis. Prompt recognition and diagnosis—enabled by diligent maternal screening, targeted neonatal testing, and careful clinical examination—are essential to initiate timely penicillin therapy and prevent severe complications or death. This review underscores the need for heightened clinical vigilance and adherence to established guidelines for syphilis screening and treatment during pregnancy, ultimately improving neonatal outcomes.
High Efficiency Hemispherical Short-Cavity Continuous-Wave Yb:YAG Laser by High-Intensity Pumping
Authors: Kawato Sakae
Published: January 2025

Improving the efficiency of lasers without complex structures, expensive elements, and precise optimization will lead to cost reductions and increased practicality. Here, it is first shown theoretically that the dependence of the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency on the minimum laser spot radii for a Yb:YAG laser with a simple structure decreases extremely with increasing pump intensity and efficiency. Not only is the optimum range for highest efficiency wide, but even if the radii are doubled, the efficiency decreases by only a few percentage points or less at the maximum pump intensity of 450 kW/cm2. Therefore, it is possible to achieve sufficiently high efficiencies without precise optimization by high-intensity pumping. In the experiment, at a pump wavelength of 940 nm, corresponding to pump-level pumping, the maximum efficiency was 75.2% for the incident pump power at the corresponding maximum intensity. On the other hand, at a pump wavelength of 968 nm, corresponding to direct pumping of the upper-laser-level, the maximum efficiency was 76.0% at about 60% of the maximum. Although the pump focusing is slightly deviate from the optimum, these efficiencies are close to the theoretical maximum at the corresponding pump intensities. Since no complex gain medium is used, there is almost no efficiency reduction due to parasitic oscillations despite the high pump intensities. These results demonstrate high practicality of high-intensity pumping for high-efficiency lasers.
Anti-Melanogenic Effects of L-Theanine on B16F10 Cells and Zebrafish
Authors: Yu Chih-Li , Pang Haiyue , Run Zhao , Wang Guey-Horng
Published: January 2025

L-Theanine, a natural amino acid found in green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves, is known for its diverse psychotropic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of L-theanine on melanin production and uncover its regulatory mechanism. We evaluated the anti-melanogenic activities of L-theanine in vitro and in vivo. In B16F10 murine melanoma cells induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity were determined, and melanogenesis-related protein expression and signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blotting. Melanin reduction was further assessed using the zebrafish embryo test. L-Theanine reduced the intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content of B16F10 cells. It also attenuated the expression melanogenesis-related proteins, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase (TYR), TYR-related protein-1, and dopachrome tautomerase. L-Theanine modulated the protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP responder element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylation of /protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin. The antimelanogenic activity of L-theanine (<2 mg/mL) was further confirmed using in zebrafsh larvae. L-Theanine inhibited melanogenesis by downregulating the PKA/CREB and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. In summary, the L-theanine can be considered as a skin-whitening compound for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
New Applications of Elliptic Functions and Integrals in GPS Inter-Satellite Communications with Account of General Relativity Theory
Authors: Dimitrov Bogdan Georgiev
Published: January 2025

During the last 15-20 years the experimental methods for autonomous navigation and inter-satellite links have been developing rapidly in order to ensure navigation control and data processing without commands from Earth stations. Inter-satellite links are related to relative ranging between the satellites from one constellation or different constellations and measuring the distances between them with the precision of at least 1 μm micrometer (=10⁻⁶ m), which should account for the bending of the light (radio or laser) signals due to the action of the Earths gravitational field. Thus the theoretical calculation of the propagation time of a signal should be described in the framework of General Relativity Theory and the s.c. null cone equation. This review paper summarizes the latest achievements in calculating the propagation time of a signal, emitted by a GPS satellite, moving along a plane elliptical orbit or a space-oriented orbit, described by the full set of 6 Kepler parameters. It has been proved that for the case of plane elliptical orbit the propagation time is expressed by a sum of elliptic integrals of the first, the second and the third kind, while for the second case (assuming that only the true anomaly angle is the dynamical parameter) the propagation time is expressed by a sum of elliptic integrals of the second- and of the fourth- order. For both cases it has been proved that the propagation time represents a real-valued expression and not an imaginary one, as it should be. For typical parameters of a GPS orbit, numerical calculations for the first case give acceptable values of the propagation time and especially for the Shapiro delay term of the order of nanoseconds, thus confirming that this is a propagation time for the signal and not for the time of motion of the satellite. Theoretical arguments, related to General Relativity and differential geometry have also been presented in favour of this conclusion. A new analytical method has been developed for transforming an elliptic integral in the Legendre form into an integral in the Weierstrass form. Two different representations have been found, one of them based on the method of four-dimensional uniformization, exposed in the monograph of Whittaker and Watson. The result of this approach is a new formulae for the Weierstrass invariants, depending in a complicated manner on the modulus parameter q of the elliptic integral in the Legendre form.
Illusztrációval és illusztráció nélkül közvetített mese befogadásának validitásvizsgálata óvodások körében
Authors: Pintér Henriett , Szentgyörgyi Nóra , Gál Franciska
Published: January 2025

A tanulmányban bemutatott kutatás azt a kérdést vizsgálja, hogy kimutatható-e különbség azóvodások szövegértésében, ha illusztrációval vagy illusztráció nélkül közvetítenek számukrameséket. A mese megértését segítő eszközök bemutatása az elméleti megalapozást szolgálja.A vizsgálatban a gyermekek két csoportban hallgatták a mesét: az egyik csoport illusztrációval,a másik illusztráció nélkül. A szövegértés ellenőrzése a GMP 12 hallás utáni szövegértési tesztteltörtént. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a gyermekek mindkét csoportban képesek voltakfenntartani a figyelmüket a mese hallgatása közben. A mese két különböző közvetítése közöttazonban a szövegértés teljesítményében szignifikáns különbség mutatkozott: jobban teljesítettekaz illusztrációval kísért mesélésben részt vevő gyermekek, mint azok, akiknek a mesét pusztána hangzó beszéddel közvetítették. A kis mintán elvégzett eredmény ugyan nem általánosíthatókövetkeztetéseket enged, de megerősíti azokat a nemzetközi kutatásokat, amelyek az illusztrációszövegértést segítő szerepét támasztják alá.
Petőfi Sándor verseinek grammatikai elemzése projektmódszerrel
Authors: Libárdi Péter
Published: January 2025

A tanulmány a projektmódszert mint kooperatív tanulási lehetőséget mutatja be Petőfi Sándortetszőlegesen válogatott verseinek grammatikai szempontú elemzésével. A leírt munkafolyamateltér az osztályszervezésű hagyományos modelltől, lefolyása érdeklődés szerint szerveződőcsoportok tagjainak önálló és interaktív együttes munkálkodására épül. Lezárása önreflexív jellegű,mindig produktummal végződik, amely további elemzési szempontok bevonásával folyamatosanalakítható, újabb ismeretek irányába bővíthető. Az eljárás módosult tanári szemléletet kíván, atanár a diákokkal egyenértékű partnerként vesz részt a tevékenységben, a tanulók ötleteit szemelőtt tartva iránymutatásaival ösztönzi a résztvevőket a kutatási cél megvalósításának érdekében.A bemutatott módszer kiegészítő szempontot tesz hozzá az irodalomtanítás széles körű elemzésiés értelmezési aspektusaihoz.
 Miltonic Diplomacy in Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Wedding Speech.
Authors: Earle Philippa
Published: January 2025

That Prince Philip was Queen Elizabeth II’s “strength and stay” came to memorialize their relationship. This article shows that the Queen’s now familiar words in fact are those of the great British poet, John Milton (1608-1674), from his epic retelling of the biblical Fall, Paradise Lost (1667/1674). Appreciating how and why Elizabeth integrates the quotation from Paradise Lost in the Golden Wedding anniversary speech (20 November, 1997) sheds light on the value of literature and Milton’s poem, specifically, to the Queen’s diplomacy after the death of Princess Diana. The Queen’s immediate response to the tragedy, she came to understand, made the monarchy’s future precarious. In consequence of the public reaction and a series of royal humiliations prior, Queen Elizabeth alludes to, and further, adopts in the Golden Wedding speech the reconciliatory humility of Milton’s Eve; the character who, through “fault / Acknowledged” appeals to her “strength and stay” (PL 10.938-939, 921). This article ultimately argues that, by establishing a Miltonic diplomacy in the Golden Wedding speech, the Queen cleverly encompasses and solidifies both her private, political, and public relationships in the nuptial symbolism of the occasion.
The Impact of Self-Esteem and Media Literacy on Personal Branding Strategies on Instagram Among Generation Z
Authors: Audrew Edelweis , Herdiansyah Haris
Published: January 2025

In today's digital era, social media platforms such as Instagram play a key role in self-expression. This research investigates the dynamic interplay between self-esteem, media literacy, and personal branding strategies on Instagram within Generation Z, considering self-perception as a pivotal intervening variable. The study aims to understand the nuanced relationships and their impact on the digital identities crafted by individuals in this demographic. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study utilizes Path Analysis to analyze the complex relationships among self-esteem, media literacy, personal branding strategies, and self-perception. The primary data collection method involves online surveys through structured questionnaires distributed to a diverse sample of Generation Z Instagram users. Preliminary findings reveal significant correlations between self-esteem, media literacy levels, and the adoption of distinct personal branding strategies on Instagram within Generation Z. The research also identifies self-perception as a crucial intervening factor that influences the nature and effectiveness of personal branding efforts on this social media platform. The study enhances insights into factors influencing personal branding on Instagram for Generation Z. Recognizing the roles of self-esteem, media literacy, and self-perception, it offers valuable insights for educators, marketers, and social media users navigating online self-representation complexities.
The Analysis of Creative Content Virality in Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu Digital Media in the Era of Technology, Information, and Communication
Authors: Nur Wahyudin Sapta Arif , Sutejo Sutejo , Setiawan Agus
Published: January 2025

Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu is part of the Jawa Pos Group which is oriented towards presenting important, interesting, and up-to-date information from various regions around Mount Lawu. Despite being less than a year old, this media outlet is dedicated to producing creative content through digital platforms. This is reflected in the diverse topics chosen periodically, which are based on their potential to be viral. This study aims to examine the virality of creative content on Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu’s digital media as a strategic approach to public communication in the context of the information and communication technology revolution. The researcher formulated two main research questions: (1) What factors contribute to the virality of content on Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu’s digital media? This study employs a qualitative approach, with the researcher serving as the primary instrument for data collection.  The research involves gathering data from the following sources: (1) content documents with the highest visitor numbers, (2) visitor statistics from March, April, and May, (3) recorded interviews with key informants, and (4) direct observation of Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu’s digital media. The data analysis process includes three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.  The findings indicate that the virality factors exhibited by Jawa Pos-Radar Lawu align with Berger's six theories of contagion: social currency, trigger, emotion, public, practical value, and story. The most dominant principles used are trigger, emotion and story.