bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Energy Use: A Microeconomic Study of Induced Travel and Energy Rebound
Authors: Taiebat Morteza , Stolper Samuel , Xu Ming
Published: May 2019

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to yield significant improvements in safety, energy efficiency, and time utilization. However, their net effect on energy and environmental outcomes is unclear. Higher fuel economy reduces the energy required per mile of travel, but it also reduces the fuel cost of travel, incentivizing more travel and causing an energy “rebound effect.” Moreover, CAVs are predicted to vastly reduce the time cost of travel, inducing further increases in travel and energy use. In this paper, we forecast the induced travel and rebound from CAVs using data on existing travel behavior. We develop a microeconomic model of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) choice under income and time constraints; then we use it to estimate elasticities of VMT demand with respect to fuel and time costs, with fuel cost data from the 2017 United States National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and wage-derived predictions of travel time cost. Our central estimate of the combined price elasticity of VMT demand is -0.4, which differs substantially from previous estimates. We also find evidence that wealthier households have more elastic demand, and that households at all income levels are more sensitive to time costs than to fuel costs. We use our estimated elasticities to simulate VMT and energy use impacts of full, private CAV adoption under a range of possible changes to the fuel and time costs of travel. We forecast a 2-47% increase in travel demand for an average household. Our results indicate that backfire – i.e., a net rise in energy use – is a possibility, especially in higher income groups. This presents a stiff challenge to policy goals for reductions in not only energy use but also traffic congestion and local and global air pollution, as CAV use increases.
When home is where the harm is: Family betrayal and posttraumatic outcomes in young adulthood
Authors: Delker Brianna C , Smith Carly P. , Rosenthal Marina , Bernstein Rosemary E. , Freyd Jennifer J.
Published: May 2019

Research on institutional betrayal has found that institutional wrongdoing that fails to prevent or respond supportively to victims of abuse adds to the burden of trauma. In this two-study investigation with young adult university students, we demonstrated parallels between institutional betrayal and ways that families can fail to prevent or respond supportively to child abuse perpetrated by a trusted other, a phenomenon we call family betrayal (FB). In Study 1, psychometric analysis of a new FB questionnaire provided evidence of its internal consistency, unidimensionality, and convergent and discriminant validity. The majority (approximately 72%) of young adults abused in childhood reported a history of FB, with an average of 4.26 FB events (SD = 4.45, range 0-14). Consistent with betrayal trauma theory, Study 2 revealed that FB was 4x more likely to occur in relation to childhood abuse by someone very close to the victim (vs. non-interpersonal victimization), with a particularly strong effect for female participants. FB history predicted significant delay to disclosure of a self-identified worst traumatic event (ηp2 = .017) and significant increases in dissociation (∆R2 = .05) and posttraumatic stress (∆R2 = .07) symptoms in young adulthood. Moreover, with FB in the regression models, only FB—not child abuse nor recent interpersonal victimization—predicted dissociation and clinically significant elevations in posttraumatic stress. Findings suggest that FB is a prevalent phenomenon among young adults abused as children and that it explains unique, clinically significant variance in posttraumatic distress, warranting increased attention from trauma researchers and clinicians.
Mortality salience effects fail to replicate in traditional and novel measures
Authors: Sætrevik Bjørn , Sjåstad Hallgeir
Published: May 2019

Mortality salience (MS) effects, where death reminders lead to ingroup-bias and defensive protection of one’s worldview, have been claimed to be a fundamental human motivator. MS phenomena have been supported by more than 400 studies within the “terror management theory” framework, but transparent and high-powered replications are lacking. We performed an Experiment 1 (N = 101 Norwegian lab participants) to replicate the traditional MS effect on national patriotism, with additional novel measures of democratic values and pro-sociality. Experiment 2 (N = 784 American online participants) aimed to replicate the MS effect on national patriotism in a larger sample, with ingroup identification and pro-sociality as additional outcome measures. Neither experiment replicated the traditional MS effect on national patriotism. The experiments also failed to support conceptual replications and underlying mechanisms on different democratic values, processing speed, psychophysiological responses, ingroup identification, or pro-sociality. This indicates that the effect of death reminders is less robust and generalizable than previously assumed.
Examining the Effects of Social Stories on Challenging Behavior and Prosocial Skills in Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wahman Charis Lauren , Pustejovsky James E , Ostrosky Michaelene M. , Santos Rosa Milagros
Published: May 2019

Social stories are a commonly used intervention practice in early childhood special education. Recent systematic reviews have documented the evidence-base for social stories, but findings are mixed. We examined the efficacy of social stories for young children (i.e., 3-5 years) with challenging behavior across 12 single-case studies, that included 30 participants. The What Works Clearinghouse standards for single case research design were used to evaluate the rigor of studies that included social stories as a primary intervention. For studies meeting standards, we synthesized findings on the efficacy of social stories using meta-analysis techniques and a recently developed parametric effect size measure, the log response ratio. Trends in participants’ response to treatment also were explored. Results indicate variability in rigor and efficacy for the use of social stories as an isolated intervention and in combination with other intervention approaches. Additional studies that investigate the efficacy of social stories as a primary intervention are warranted.
From Scale to Information and Back: Human Social Evolution in the Holocene
Authors: Shin Jaeweon , Price Michael Holton , Wolpert David , Shimao Hajime , Tracey Brendan , Kohler Timothy A.
Published: May 2019

We use the recently introduced Seshat database to investigate the long-timescale development of human societies. Seshat contains high-dimensional sociopolitical features for hundreds of polities, from multiple continents, over many thousands of years. Examining the statistical covariations among those social features, we find that the process of sociopolitical development is dominated first by growth in polity scale, then by improvements in its information processing and economic systems, and then by further increases in scale. This allows us to define a Scale Threshold for societies, beyond which growth in information processing becomes paramount, and an Information Threshold, which once crossed permits additional growth in scale. Polities diverge from one another in sociopolitical feature space prior to crossing the Information Threshold, but then reconverge. Our results have implications for the timing of the appearance of moralizing gods, the role of population growth and institutions in sociopolitical evolution, and the causes for the evolutionary divergence between Old and New World polities.
iCoRe: The GDELT Interface for the Advancement of Communication Research
Authors: Hopp Frederic R. , Schaffer James , Fisher Jacob T. , Weber René
Published: May 2019

This article introduces the interface for communication research (iCoRe) to access, explore, and analyze the Global Database of Events, Language and Tone (GDELT; Leetaru & Schrodt, 2013). GDELT provides a vast, open source, and continuously updated repository of online news and event metadata collected from tens of thousands of news outlets around the world. Despite GDELT’s promise for advancing communication science, its massive scale and complex data structures have hindered efforts of communication scholars aiming to access and analyze GDELT. We thus developed iCoRe, an easy-to-use web interface that (a) provides fast access to the data available in GDELT, (b) shapes and processes GDELT for theory-driven applications within communication research, and (c) enables replicability through transparent query and analysis protocols. After providing an overview of how GDELT’s data pertain to addressing communication research questions, we provide a tutorial of utilizing iCoRe across three theory-driven case studies. We conclude this article with a discussion and outlook of iCoRe’s future potential for advancing communication research.
Privatdozentin Dr.in Christine Maria Grafinger – Eine Österreicherin als erste Frau im Vatikan. Ein Interview anlässlich ihres Ruhestands
Authors: Sojer Claudia
Published: May 2019

Die Kommission für Buch- und Bibliotheksgeschichte der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare (VÖB) verbrachte Anfang November 2018 eine Woche in Rom. Dort wurde sie von Frau Privatdozentin Dr.in Christine Maria Grafinger in einige der bedeutendsten Bibliotheken der Ewigen Stadt geführt (u. a. Biblioteca Casanatense, Biblioteca Angelica, Biblioteca Corsiniana oder Biblioteca dei Lincei), darunter die Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV) des Vatikanstaates, in der Frau Dr.in Grafinger über dreißig Jahre gearbeitet hat. Im Rahmen dieser Romwoche war es möglich, Frau Dr.in Grafinger für ein Interview über ihre Tätigkeit im Vatikan und ihren kurz zuvor angetretenen Ruhestand zu gewinnen.
Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA) – ein Überblick
Authors: Kromp Brigitte , Seissl Maria , Zarka Tobias
Published: May 2019

Im Rahmen des Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekts „Austrian Transition to Open Access“ (AT2OA) sollen durch Neugestaltung der Lizenzverträge mit den Anbietern und durch gezielte Publikationsunterstützung der Forschenden eine Steigerung des österreichischen Open Access-Publikationsoutputs generiert und neue Wege für das Open Access-Publizieren eröffnet werden. In vier Teilprojekten werden unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung dieses Transformationsprozesses bearbeitet. Ergänzt werden diese Teilprojekte durch Vernetzungsaktivitäten und Maßnahmen zum Wissenstransfer. Der Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte und die Governance des Projektes.
Finanzierung von Open Access-Übergangsmodellen: Leitlinie für Verlagsverträge für die Open Access-Transformation
Authors: Kromp Brigitte , Koren-Wilhelmer Frank
Published: May 2019

Obwohl Studien gezeigt haben, dass mit den Aufwendungen, die bereits gegenwärtig für Subskriptionen ausgegeben werden, eine Open Access-Welt finanzierbar sein sollte, ist damit zu rechnen, dass der Umstieg auf Ebene der Einzelinstitutionen mit Finanzierungsproblemen verbunden sein kann. Um durch Schwierigkeiten solcher Art nicht grundlegend das Open Access-Publizieren zu blockieren, können mit zentral bereitgestellten Finanzmitteln Übergangsmodelle gefördert werden, die einen Umstieg in Richtung Openness erleichtern. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Voraussetzungen für einen fairen und dem Open Access-Gedanken angemessenen Einsatz zentraler Mittel für solche Transitionsmodelle und ein aktuelles Fallbeispiel eines gelungenen Abkommens.
Die Förderung von alternativen, nicht-kommerziellen Open Science-Infrastrukturen & -Services (OSIS) durch Forschungseinrichtungen in Österreich – Empfehlungen, Kriterien & Modelle
Authors: Ferus Andreas , Reckling Falk
Published: May 2019

Der Beitrag präsentiert einen Teil der Arbeitsergebnisse der Unterarbeitsgruppe „Open Access-Awareness/Nicht-kommerzielle Open Access-Infrastrukturen und Services“ des Teilprojekts 4 „Förderung von Open Access-Publikationen und alternativen Open Access-Publikationsmodellen“ des Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekts Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA). Einerseits werden Förderkriterien für die Evaluierung von Open Science-Infrastrukturen & -Services (OSIS) vorgestellt, die in Zukunft als ein Hilfsmittel beim Entscheidungsprozess zur Förderung von OSIS herangezogen werden können. Weiters wird auf Finanzierungsmodelle eingegangen, die in Österreich herangezogen werden könnten, um die längerfristige Förderung von OSIS sicherzustellen, und ein Überblick über die derzeit in Österreich geförderten Initiativen geboten.
Kooperationen von Universitätsbibliotheken der öffentlichen Universitäten in Österreich im Rahmen der Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekte
Authors: Bauer Bruno , Seissl Maria
Published: May 2019

Die Finanzierung von innovativen Kooperationsprojekten der Universitätsbibliotheken an öffentlichen Universitäten aus zentralen Mitteln war lange Zeit ein Desiderat. Mit den Ausschreibungen der Hochschulraumstruktur-mittelprojekte 2013 bzw. 2017 durch das für die Wissenschaft zuständige Bundesministerium wurden Anschubfinanzierungen für universitäre Kooperationsvorhaben, auch für Projekte der Verwaltung, bereitgestellt. Unter den vom Bundesministerium ausgewählten förderwürdigen Projektanträgen der Universitäten befinden sich auch fünf Projekte, die auf Initiative des Forums Universitätsbibliotheken Österreichs konzipiert wurden. Die Themenpalette reicht von Repositorien und Forschungsdaten über Open Access und Open Educational Resources bis zum Vergaberecht für wissenschaftliche Fachliteratur. Die bereits vorgelegten Ergebnisse und die noch umzusetzenden Vorhaben leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag dafür, dass die Informationsinfrastruktur in Österreich für Forschung und Lehre im europäischen und internationalen Kontext konkurrenzfähig und zukunftsfit weiterentwickelt werden kann.
Alma-Forum (Alma-FachexpertInnen-Forum)
Authors: Luger Susanne , Miehl Marian
Published: May 2019

In den Mitteilungen der VÖB 71(2) hat das Alma-FachexpertInnen-Forum über den Umstieg auf das neue Bibliotheksmanagementsystem Alma aus der Sicht der vormaligen Alma-Schulungsgruppe berichtet. In dieser Ausgabe präsentiert das Alma-Forum die aktuellen und zukünftigen Aufgaben, deren es sich gerne und mit Engagement annimmt.
Higher–Order Thought and the Problem of Shifting Subjectivity
Authors: Mangal Chaturvedi Madhu , Ravishankar Sarma A. V. Ravishankar Sarma
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we argue that the two versions of the higher–order thought theory of consciousness, viz. Rosenthal’s extrinsic higher–order thought and Gennaro’s intrinsic higher–order thought, fail to explain the subjective character of a conscious mental state. Both these theories face what we call the problem of shifting subjectivity. Since these theories explain the consciousness of mental states in terms of a representational relation between two unconscious mental states with the help of a two–tiered representational structure divided into a higher–order thought and a lower–order mental state (which is the target of the higher–order thought), they fail to explain the subjective character of conscious mental states, which is intrinsic to them. In their account, the subjective character intrinsic to conscious mental states seems to shift from the target state to the higher–order mental state, which is separate from the target state. The objection is strong against Rosenthal’s extrinsic higher–order thought theory, which clearly makes a distinction between a world–directed mental state and the higher–order thought representing it. However, although Gennaro’s intrinsic higher–order thought theory is an attempt to preserve the intuition that consciousness is intrinsic to conscious mental states, it faces the problem of shifting subjectivity in the case of introspective consciousness.
Dijecezanski biskupi u sinodalnoj Crkvi
Authors: Modrić Alan
Published: May 2019

The article begins with Pope Francis’ teachings on synodality, the synodal Church and the meaning of synodality in the juridical system of the Church. It is the intent of this article to explain the diocesan bishop’s importance and his role in the fulfillment of synodality. The author includes also an examination of ecclesiastical organs at the diocesan level, of a group of dioceses and in the universal Church. The
need is highlighted for greater collaboration between shepherds of the Church and the faithful which could help the Church achieve more profound communion and which would be in accordance with the contemporary Pope’s wish for a synodal path for the whole of God’s people. On this path, the diocesan bishop is a key figure in the realization of the synodal Church: firstly, at the level of his diocese in which he should acknowledge the right of the faithful to advise their shepherd and assist him in the administration of the particular Church, and secondly, at the level of the universal Church, in constructing a hierarchical communion with the Roman Pontiff and the College of Bishops. The diocesan bishop can help in the administration of the universal Church on behalf of God’s people, keeping the needs and dignity of the faithful always in mind.
Potrošačka kultura i ekonomija identiteta
Authors: Mihaljević Lucija , Jalšenjak Borna
Published: May 2019

Rad predstavlja doprinos raspravama o potrošačkoj kulturi u hrvatskom kontekstu. Uspoređujući paradigmu ekonomije identiteta kako se ona pojavljuje u ekonomskoj teoriji na prijelazu milenija, s antropološkim konceptima poput objektivizacije kulture, ukusa kao sredstva društvenoga razlikovanja i potrošnje kao izraza hijerarhije vrijednosti, ilustriraju se interdisciplinarna približavanja koja postuliraju klasičan kulturno–antropološki pojam identiteta u ekonomske analize. Na temelju narativnih empirijskih podataka prikazuje se kreativan karakter identifikacijskih procesa i nužnost pripisivanja performativnoga značenja ekonomskim praksama.
A critical comparison between the semisitting and the supine positioning in vestibular schwannoma surgery: subgroup analysis of a randomized, multicenter trial
Authors: Scheller Christian , Rampp Stefan , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Ramina Kristofer F. , Ganslandt Oliver , Bischoff Barbara , Matthies Cordula , Westermaier Thomas , Pedro Maria Teresa , Rohde Veit , von Eckardstein Kajetan , Strauss Christian
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Patient positioning in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery is a matter of ongoing discussion. Factors to consider include preservation of cranial nerve functions, extent of tumor resection, and complications. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal patient positioning in VS surgery.

METHODS

A subgroup analysis of a randomized, multicenter trial that investigated the efficacy of prophylactic nimodipine in VS surgery was performed to investigate the impact of positioning (semisitting or supine) on extent of resection, functional outcomes, and complications. The data of 97 patients were collected prospectively. All procedures were performed via a retrosigmoid approach. The semisitting position was chosen in 56 patients, whereas 41 patients were treated while supine.

RESULTS

Complete resection was obtained at a higher percentage in the semisitting as compared to the supine position (93% vs 73%, p = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis revealed significantly better facial nerve function in the early postoperative course in the semisitting group (p = 0.004), particularly concerning severe facial nerve paresis (House-Brackmann grade IV or worse; p = 0.002). One year after surgery, facial nerve function recovered. However, there was still a tendency for better facial nerve function in the semisitting group (p = 0.091). There were no significant differences between groups regarding hearing preservation rates. Venous air embolism with the necessity to terminate surgery occurred in 2 patients in the semisitting position (3.6%). Supplementary analysis with a 2-tailed permutation randomization with 10,000 permutations of treatment choice and a propensity score matching showed either a tendency or significant results for better facial nerve outcomes in the early postoperative course and extent of resection in the semisitting group.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the results of the various statistical analyses are not uniform, the data indicate better results concerning both a higher rate of complete removal (according to the intraoperative impression of the surgeon) and facial nerve function after a semisitting as compared to the supine position. These advantages may justify the potential higher risk for severe complications of the semisitting position in VS surgery. The choice of positioning has to consider all individual patient parameters and risks carefully.
Differentiation of epileptic regions from voluntary high-gamma activation via interictal cross-frequency windowed power-power correlation
Authors: Kogan Michael , Caldwell David J. , Hakimian Shahin , Weaver Kurt E. , Ko Andrew L. , Ojemann Jeffery G.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Electrocorticography is an indispensable tool in identifying the epileptogenic zone in the presurgical evaluation of many epilepsy patients. Traditional electrocorticographic features (spikes, ictal onset changes, and recently high-frequency oscillations [HFOs]) rely on the presence of transient features that occur within or near epileptogenic cortex. Here the authors report on a novel corticography feature of epileptogenic cortex—covariation of high-gamma and beta frequency band power profiles. Band-limited power was measured from each recording site based on native physiological signal differences without relying on clinical ictal or interictal epileptogenic features. In this preliminary analysis, frequency windowed power correlation appears to be a specific marker of the epileptogenic zone. The authors’ overall aim was to validate this observation with the location of the eventual resection and outcome.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 13 adult patients who had undergone electrocorticography for surgical planning at their center. They quantified the correlation of high-gamma (70–200 Hz) and beta (12–18 Hz) band frequency power per electrode site during a cognitive task. They used a sliding window method to correlate the power of smoothed, Hilbert-transformed high-gamma and beta bands. They then compared positive and negative correlations between power in the high-gamma and beta bands in the setting of a hand versus a tongue motor task as well as within the resting state. Significant positive correlations were compared to surgically resected areas and outcomes based on reviewed records.

RESULTS

Positive high-gamma and beta correlations appeared to predict the area of eventual resection and, preliminarily, surgical outcome independent of spike detection. In general, patients with the best outcomes had well-localized positive correlations (high-gamma and beta activities) to areas of eventual resection, while those with poorer outcomes displayed more diffuse patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

Data in this study suggest that positive high-gamma and beta correlations independent of any behavioral metric may have clinical applicability in surgical decision-making. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical potential of this methodology. Additional work is also needed to relate these results to other methods, such as HFO detection or connectivity with other cortical areas.
Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lee Seung-Bo , Kim Hakseung , Kim Young-Tak , Zeiler Frederick A. , Smielewski Peter , Czosnyka Marek , Kim Dong-Joo
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Monitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.

METHODS

The first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.

RESULTS

The proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.

CONCLUSIONS

The SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.
Neurocognitive and functional outcomes in patients with diffuse frontal lower-grade gliomas undergoing intraoperative awake brain mapping
Authors: Motomura Kazuya , Chalise Lushun , Ohka Fumiharu , Aoki Kosuke , Tanahashi Kuniaki , Hirano Masaki , Nishikawa Tomohide , Yamaguchi Junya , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Natsume Atsushi
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are often observed within eloquent regions, which indicates that tumor resection in these areas carries a potential risk for neurological disturbances, such as motor deficit, language disorder, and/or neurocognitive impairments. Some patients with frontal tumors exhibit severe impairments of neurocognitive function, including working memory and spatial awareness, after tumor removal. The aim of this study was to investigate neurocognitive and functional outcomes of frontal LGGs in both the dominant and nondominant hemispheres after awake brain mapping.

METHODS

Data from 50 consecutive patients with diffuse frontal LGGs in the dominant and nondominant hemispheres who underwent awake brain surgery between December 2012 and September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The goal was to map neurocognitive functions such as working memory by using working memory tasks, including digit span testing and N-back tasks.

RESULTS

Due to awake language mapping, the frontal aslant tract was frequently identified as a functional boundary in patients with left superior frontal gyrus tumors (76.5%). Furthermore, functional boundaries were identified while evaluating verbal and spatial working memory function by stimulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using the digit span and visual N-back tasks in patients with right superior frontal gyrus tumors (7.1%). Comparing the preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological assessments from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS-R), significant improvement following awake surgery was observed in mean Perceptual Organization (Z = −2.09, p = 0.04) in WAIS-III scores. Postoperative mean WMS-R scores for Visual Memory (Z = −2.12, p = 0.03) and Delayed Recall (Z = −1.98, p = 0.04) were significantly improved compared with preoperative values for every test after awake surgery. No significant deterioration was noted with regard to neurocognitive functions in a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. In the postoperative course, early transient speech and motor disturbances were observed in 30.0% and 28.0% of patients, respectively. In contrast, late permanent speech and motor disturbances were observed in 0% and 4.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

It is noteworthy that no significant postoperative deterioration was identified compared with preoperative status in a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The results demonstrated that awake functional mapping enabled favorable neurocognitive and functional outcomes after surgery in patients with diffuse frontal LGGs.
Intraoperative ultrasound visualization of paravertebral anatomy in the retroperitoneal space during lateral lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Nojiri Hidetoshi , Miyagawa Kei , Yamaguchi Hiroto , Koike Masato , Iwase Yoshiyuki , Okuda Takatoshi , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Lumbar surgery via a lateral approach is a minimally invasive and highly useful procedure. However, care must be taken to avoid its potentially fatal complications of intestinal and vascular injuries. The object of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasound in improving the safety of lateral lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS

A transvaginal ultrasound probe was inserted into the operative field, and the intestinal tract, kidney, psoas muscle, and vertebral body were identified using B-mode ultrasound. The aorta, vena cava, common iliac vessels, and lumbar arteries and their associated branches were identified using the color Doppler mode.

RESULTS

The study cohort comprised 100 patients who underwent lateral lumbar spine surgery, 92 via a left-sided approach. The intestinal tract and kidney lateral to the psoas muscle on the anatomical approach pathway were visualized in 36 and 26 patients, respectively. A detachment maneuver displaced the intestinal tract and kidneys in an anteroinferior direction, enabling confirmation of the absence of organ tissues above the psoas. In all patients, the major vessels anterior to the vertebral bodies and the lumbar arteries and associated branches in the psoas on the approach path were clearly visualized in the Doppler mode, and their orientation, location, and positional relationship with regard to the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and psoas were determined.

CONCLUSIONS

When approaching the lateral side of the lumbar spine in the retroperitoneal space, intraoperative ultrasound allows real-time identification of the blood vessels surrounding the lumbar spine, intestinal tract, and kidney in the approach path and improves the safety of surgery without increasing invasiveness.
Medial Temporal Lobe Disconnection and Hyperexcitability Across Alzheimer’s Disease Stages
Authors: Pasquini Lorenzo , Rahmani Farzaneh , Maleki-Balajoo Somayeh , La Joie Renaud , Zarei Mojtaba , Sorg Christian , Drzezga Alexander , Tahmasian Masoud
Published: May 2019

The posteromedial cortex (PMC) and medial temporal lobes (MTL) are two brain regions particularly vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have reviewed the spatiotemporal patterns of amyloid-β and tau accumulation, local MTL functional alterations and MTL-PMC network reconfiguration, and propose a model to relate these elements to each other. Functional and structural MTL-PMC disconnection happen concomitant with amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tau accumulation within these same regions. Ongoing disconnection is accompanied by dysfunctional intrinsic local MTL circuit hyperexcitability, which exacerbates across distinct clinical stages of AD. Our overarching model proposes a sequence of events relating the spatiotemporal patterns of amyloid-β and tau accumulation to MTL-PMC disconnection and local MTL hyperexcitability. We hypothesize that cortical PMC amyloid-β pathology induces long-range information processing deficits through functional and structural MTL-PMC dysconnectivity at early disease stages, which in turn drives local MTL circuit hyperexcitability. Intrinsic local MTL circuit hyperexcitability subsequently accelerates local age-related tau deposition, facilitating tau spread from the MTL to the PMC, eventually resulting in extensive structural degeneration of white and grey matter as the disease advances. We hope that the present model may inform future longitudinal studies needed to test the proposed sequence of events.
Implementasi Ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Religius Peserta Didik di SMP Islam Brawijaya Kota Mojokerto
Authors: Yulianti Eva
Published: May 2019

Indonesian education in recent decades gets many problems such as the weak young generations‟character because the success of a country can be seen from its people‟s characters. We need some breakthroughs which one of them can be done by implementing early religious character in school either in classroom and in religious exstracurricular. Religious exstracurricular has important role in the process of students‟ religious character buildings. This research is done in Brawijaya Islamic Junior Highschool, Mojokerto to know (1) The plan of religious extracurricular program in school, (2) The implementation of religious exstracurricular in building students‟ religious characters in school, and (3) Evaluation of the implementation of religious exstracurricular towards the building of students‟ religious characters in school.  This research uses qualitative research with case study approach. This research uses three data collection techniques; they are observation, interview and documentation. This research uses interactive data analysis by Miles and Huberman with stages of data collection, data presentation, data conclusion and data validation.  This results show that (1) The plan of religious extracurricular programs aims to build students‟ religious characters. The religious extracurricular program includes Qur’an arts literacy, Qur’an memoryzation, praying together, shalawat al-banjari, a spiritual tour, basic training of rohis leadership and commemoration of Islamic holidays. (2) The Implementation of religious extracurricular is done with three kinds of daily, weekly and anually activities. It is done by giving spiritual lecture, good example, and habit in the school‟s activities. (3) The evaluation of religious extracurricular implementation can be seen from how far the students‟ religious knowledge and attitude according to the learning results books of them. The effects of religious exstracurricular in Brawijaya Islamic Junior High School in positive, it means that this program can help students understand Islamic values and decrease teens‟ naughtiness and bad influence for the students.
Implementasi Total Quality Management (TQM) di SMP Negeri 1 Dlanggu Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Nawawi Syu'aib
Published: May 2019

TQM should be applied to every Islamic education unit in order to encourage the quality of excellent service to stakeholders. Because, in today's sharp world of global competition, many people talk about "quality" especially related to jobs that produce products or services.  A result is made because there are those who need it, and those needs develop along with the quality demands of the users. Recognizing this task, SMPN 1 Dlanggu, which has achieved many achievements in various fields both academically and non-academically, continues to improve services for students by completing various learning facilities, qualified human resources (teachers and employees), and coordinating/collaborating with related institutions. In its implementation, TQM has an influence. Among them, student achievement is increasing. Not only in academics, but also non-academics, the enthusiasm of the community to send their children to SMPN 1 Dlanggu is increasing. There is a good relationship / cooperation between all residents of Dlanggu Middle School 1, both internally and externally to jointly improve school quality
Sistematika Mushaf Al-Qur’an
Authors: Ismail Ismail
Published: May 2019

The role of friends is very important in the writing of the Qur'an, especially the Khulafaur Rosyidin, from the Caliph Abu Bakr who collected the writing of the Qur'an on the proposal of Umar's friend, and during the Kholifah Uthman ibn Affan united the Mushaf into a single reference ie Ottoman manuscripts then multiplied and shipped to all corners of the world. The systematic laying of verses and letters is not in accordance with the cause of the decline of the verse. And we all know if the Qur'an is collected as a Mushaf, while the above factors are still lingering, then the Manuscripts that have been collected are clearly going to change and deviate. The role of friends is very important in the writing of the Qur'an, especially the Khulafaur Rosyidin, from the Caliph Abu Bakr who collected the writing of the Qur'an on the proposal of Umar's friend, and during the Kholifah Uthman ibn Affan united the Mushaf into a single reference ie Ottoman manuscripts then multiplied and shipped to all corners of the world
Effect of Azolla Bocachi and Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Goat Manure on the Growth and Production of Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Barus Wan Arfiani , Utami Sri , Azmi Erna Pan
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Azolla Bokashi  and liquid organic fertilizer of goat manure on the growth and production of Chinese kale. This study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design. The factors studied were Azolla Bokashi Fertilizer (B) with 3 levels (B0 = without treatment/control, B1 = 5 tons (1.14 kg/plot), B2 = 10 tons (2.28 kg/plot) and liquid organic fertilizer of goat manure (K) (K0 = without treatment, K1 = 100 ml/liter of water, K2 = 200 ml/liter of water, and K3 = 300 ml/liter of water. The parameters observed were the plant height, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, stem diameter, plant’s wet weight, plant’s dry weight and harvest index.
Quail Performance at the Starter-Grower Period Fed by Commercial Feed with the addition of Ginger and Turmeric
Authors: Fauzan Ikhwan , Sudrajat Deden , Dihansih Elis
Published: May 2019

Ginger and turmeric can be used as feed additive in the quail’s rations. An active substance in this Zingiberaceae family has good benefits for animals, especially quails. A research on the Quail Performance at the Starter-Grower Period fed commercial feed with the addition of ginger and turmeric had been conducted over the past five weeks. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of feed additive (ginger and turmeric flour) on the quail’s performance since the starter period up to the grower period. The data were 240 two day old quails. The experimental design used was a Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, i.e. P0: feed controls without any addition, P1: addition of 1% ginger flour; P2: the addition of 1% turmeric flour; P3: the addition of 0.5% ginger flour plus 0.5% turmeric flour. The observed variables were the consumption of rations, body weights, FCR, mortality and depletion. The results showed that each of the treatment was not significantly different or had no effect on the performance of quails at the starter-grower period. It is necessary to do similar research by increasing the percentages administered to each of the treatments, so that the effect of administering the feed additive; i.e. ginger flour and turmeric flour can be obtained.
Non-Carcass Parts of Local Male Ducks Fed Commercial Feed Supplemented with Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Extract
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Badru , Handarini Ristika , Sudrajat Deden
Published: May 2019

The torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is a herbaceous plant the flower of which is commonly used in feed to improve the quality of meat. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of giving commercial feed non-carcass portions of local ducks. The study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Department of Animal Husbandry Djuanda University, Bogor, from June to August 2016. Twenty four 2-week-old male local ducks were used. Completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates was used. The treatments consisted of 100% of commercial ration (R0), commercial ration + 2.5% of TGE solution (R1), commercial ration + 5% of TGE solution (R2), and commercial ration + 7.5% of TGE solution (R3). The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks after which the ducks were slaughtered and carcass weight, dressing percentages and carcass parts were measured. The percentage of non-carcass parts including head, neck, shank, liver, heart, gizzard, feathers, blood and intestines were also measured. No significant effect of treatments (P > 0.05) on all parameters measured were found. It was concluded that the inclusion of TGE solution in commercial ration up to 7.5% did not significantly affect the live weight, weight and percentages of non-carcass parts including blood, feathers, head, neck, shank, liver, gizzard, heart, and intestines.
Economic Value A Dried Fish Business Development in Bengkulu City
Authors: Sumantri Bambang , Purwoko Agus , Sriyoto Sriyoto , Sukiyono Ketut , Sumartono Eko
Published: May 2019

The study aims to analyze the economic value of dried fish business by considering its added value of Hayami and marketing. This study uses primary data by surveying 55 dried fish producers in Bengkulu city. The results show that the average output price of dried fish is Rp6,586.61/kg. Using formula of Hayami’s added value, the average added value gained is Rp3,486.14/kg. This informs that every a kilogram of fresh fish processed into dried fish will create added value of Rp3,486.14. When labor under consideration, labor added value in fish dried industries is Rp651.37 informing that an average of labor income for every kilogram of fish dried produced. The research also found that there are four patterns of marketing channels. From weekly average production of dried fish, i.e., 4,345 kg, 43.73 % is distributed to big traders while the remaining, 56.27%, is consumed directly. From big traders, dried fish are then distributed through three channel, namely, (1) 43.11 % are marketed to the first intermediate trader, then, to intercity merchants, retailers and end customers in Bengkulu city, (2) 26.32% are distributed to second intermediate trader who then marketed to retailers and end customers; and (3) 31.58 % are marketed to third intermediate trader who, then, market to the intercity merchants and consumers. Marketing margins of this dried fish is Rp1,000/kg from producers to traders and Rp2,000/kg per kg of fish from traders to retailers.
Supplementation of Cassava Leaf (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Field Grass in Sheep Growth
Authors: Putra Andhika , Sinaga Wawan Setiawan
Published: May 2019

Supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) in the base grass field ration of male rams in the growth period aims to determine the effect of giving cassava leaves to the performance of sheepparameters measured in this study were consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion in local sheep in the growth period. This study used randomized complete design (CRD) 4 treatments and 6 replications. Using male local sheep with an average body weight of = 12 ± 1.93. The treatment used T0 = without giving cassava leaves (Control), T1 = 25% cassava leaves, T2 = 50% cassava leaves, T3 = 75% cassava leaves. The results of the study with variance analysis showed no significant effect (p> 0.05)feed consumption level, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio the conclusion of this study is the supplementation of cassava leaves (ManihotesculentaCrantz) on grass-based rations did not provide a different growth increase in weaning local male sheep.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Toksisitas Fraksi Etil Asetat Dari Daun Halban (Vitex Pinnata Linn) Asal Aceh
Authors: Mastura Mastura , Barus Tonel , Marpaung Lamek , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: May 2019

Propinsi Aceh khususnya Kota Langsa memiliki banyak tanaman yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai obat, diantaranya adalah tanaman halban (Vitex pinnata Linn). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari empat jenis fraksi yaitu fraksi metanol, etil asetat, air dan fraksi n- heksan dari daun halban (Vitex pinnata Linn) asal Aceh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode peredaman radikal bebas dengan DPPH ((2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl). Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode BSLT(Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kempat fraksi yang diuji aktivitas antioksidannya, fraksi metanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi yang diikuti dengan fraksi etil asetat, fraksi air dan yang terakhir fraksi n-heksan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lemah dengan nilai IC50 (inhibitor consentration 50) masing-masing berturut-turut adalah19,09, 24,75, 31,72 dan 152,80. Untuk toksisitas dari sepuluh fraksi etil asetat yang diuji menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 8 memiliki nilai LC50(Lethal consentration 50) sebesar 59,41.

 

Aceh Province, especially Langsa City has many plants that can be efficacious as medicine, including halban plants (Vitex pinnata Linn). The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of four types of fractions, namely methanol, ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane fractions from halban (Vitex pinnata Linn) leaves from Aceh. The method used in this study was the DPPH free radical reduction method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Toxicity test was carried out using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The results showed that from the four fractions tested for antioxidant activity, the methanol fraction had the highest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and finally the n-hexane fraction which had weak antioxidant activity with IC50 (inhibitor consentration 50) values respectively 19.09, 24.75, 31.72 and 152.80. From the toxicity of the ten ethyl acetate fractions tested, it showed that fraction 8 had a lethal concentration 50 of 59.41.
Studi Pembuatan Sabun Cair dari Daging Buah Pepaya (Analisis Pengaruh Kadar Kalium Hidroksida terhadap Kualitas Sabun)
Authors: Sari Sri Adelila , Firdaus Muhammad , Fadilla Nurul Agustia , Irsanti Riska
Published: May 2019

Buah pepaya mengandung banyak vitamin terutama vitamin A, B, C, dan E. Selain itu, pepaya juga mengandung banyak mineral seperti fosfor, magnesium, zat besi, dan kalsium yang baik untuk kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sabun cair dari daging buah papaya (Carica papaya L.). Selain itu, pengaruh kadar Kalium Hidroksida (KOH) terhadap kualitas sabun juga dianalisis. Sabun cair dibuat dari daging buah papaya melalui reaksi saponifikasi dari minyak dan lemak yang direaksikan dengan KOH. Variasi kadar KOH yang digunakan, yaitu 10, 20, dan 50 persen. Pengaruh kadar KOH terhadap kualitas sabun dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan organoleptis dan uji keasaman (pH). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sabun cair dari daging buah pepaya yang diformulasi dengan variasi KOH berkadar 10, 20, dan 50 persen dengan uji organoleptis adalah sama untuk ketiga variasi KOH. Kesamaan itu ditunjukkan dari segi warna, yaitu berwarna orange, cairan berbentuk homogen, dan memiliki bau yang khas. Selain itu, melalui uji keasaman ditemukan bahwa pH sabun berkisar antara 10 hingga 12. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa formulasi sabun cair yang dibuat menggunakan daging buah pepaya mempunyai kualitas yang terbaik pada kadar KOH 10 persen.

 

Papaya contains many vitamins, especially vitamin A, B, C, and E. In addition, papaya also contains a lot of minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and calcium which are good for the skin. This study aimed to make liquid soap from papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.). In this study, the effect of the levels of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) on the quality of soap was also analyzed. Liquid soap was made from the flesh of papaya fruit through a saponification reaction from oil and fat which was reacted with KOH. Variations in KOH levels used were 10, 20 and 50 %. The effect of KOH level on the quality of soap was carried out with organoleptic examination and acidity test (pH). The results of this study found that liquid soap from papaya fruit formulated with variations of KOH with levels of 10, 20, and 50 % with organoleptic tests were the same for all three variations of KOH. The similarity was shown in terms of orange color, the homogeneous liquid, and its distinctive odor. In addition, through the acidity test, it was found that the pH of soap ranged from 10 to 12. This study concluded that liquid soap formulations made using papaya fruit had the best quality at 10 % KOH levels.