bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal Deixis ja [I] and ty [you] in the Mother’s Speech Directed to a Child under Three Years
Authors: Brestovičová Alexandra
Published: February 2017

The longitudinal case study of the usage of personal deixis I and you in the mother’s speech directed to her first born child from the age of 6 months to 3 years is based on the analysis of 30 one-hour recordings of their interaction transcribed via CHAT in Childes. The focus is on one aspect of the child directed speech register, which is its variability in time. In the longitude of 30 months the number of occurrences of personal pronoun you is constantly decreasing while the number of personal pronoun I is constantly increasing in mother’s speech directed to the child. The communicative functions which are being fulfilled by usage of personal pronouns I and you are also changing in time due to the development of the child’s cognitive and speaking abilities. New communicative function while using personal pronoun I such as explanation to the child occurs in her 33rd month. New communicative function while using personal pronoun you such as role play starts at her age of 20th month and mother’s repetitions of the child’s statements as the display of mother’s understanding occur from the 31st month. Other functions are fading in time such as commenting on the child’s physical abilities, which is dominant to her 17th month and commenting on the child’s state, which occurs up to one year of her age.
Perception of Emotions on the Background of Prosodic Prominence of Words
Authors: Sabo Róbert
Published: February 2017

The paper tests the hypothesis that prosodic highlighting of individual words with emotional connotation can affect the recipient’s perception of the expressiveness of the entire utterance. Seventeen respondents listened to two speech realizations of the same text and marked its emotional level on the scale between positive and negative. To achieve emotional neutrality of the utterances, they were synthesized with Kempelen 3.0 speech system. The results show a tendency of respondents to perceive speech with prosodically highlighted negative words as more negative (sad) than speech with positive words highlighted, which was marked as more positive (joyful).
3D CFD fluid flow and thermal analyses of a new design of plate heat exchanger
Authors: Pianko-Oprych Paulina , Jaworski Zdzisław
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical study for a new design of a plate heat exchanger with two different flow patterns. The impact of geometric characteristics of the two studied geometries of exchanger plates on the intensification process of heat transfer was considered. The velocity, temperature and pressure distributions along the heat exchanger were examined. The CFD results were validated against experimental data and a good agreement was achieved. The results revealed that geometrical arrangement of the plates strongly influence the fluid flow. An increase in the Reynolds number led to lowering the friction factor value and increasing the pressure drop. The configuration II of the plate heat exchanger resulted in lower outlet hot fluid temperature in comparison with the configuration I, which means improvement of heat transfer.
Selected issues relating to classification of mountain organic soils in Poland according to the Polish Soil Classification (2011)
Authors: Glina Bartłomiej , Bogacz Adam
Published: February 2017

Despite a large number of organic soil types and subtypes in the Polish Soil Classification the problems of organic soils classification are still very common. In relation to mountain organic soils, in particular. The aim of this paper is to discuss the most common problems related to mountain organic soils classification according to the Polish Soil Classification. Based on authors’ own research and literature studies mentioned problem was described. This work allows to define some new proposals, which should be considered during developing of the next update of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC). The most important proposals related to: criteria for organic materials and organic soils, taxonomy position and criteria for shallow organic soils and new definition of mineral material admixture in organic soils.
Speed Optimizations in Bitcoin Key Recovery Attacks
Authors: Courtois Nicolas , Song Guangyan , Castellucci Ryan
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study and give the first detailed benchmarks on existing implementations of the secp256k1 elliptic curve used by at least hundreds of thousands of users in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Our implementation improves the state of the art by a factor of 2.5 with a focus on the cases, where side channel attacks are not a concern and a large quantity of RAM is available. As a result, we are able to scan the Bitcoin blockchain for weak keys faster than any previous implementation. We also give some examples of passwords which we have cracked, showing that brain wallets are not secure in practice even for quite complex passwords.
Efficient Secure Matrix Multiplication Over LWE-Based Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Duong Dung Hoang , Mishra Pradeep Kumar , Yasuda Masaya
Published: February 2017

Homomorphic encryption enables various calculations while preserving the data confidentiality. In this paper, we apply the somewhat homomorphic encryption scheme proposed by Brakerski and Vaikuntanathan (CRYPTO 2011) to secure matrix multiplication between two matrices. To reduce both the ciphertext size and the computation cost, we propose a new method to pack a matrix into a single ciphertexts so that it also enables efficient matrix multiplication over the packed ciphertexts. Our packing method generalizes Yasuda et al.’s methods (Security Comm. Networks 2015 and ACISP 2015), which are for secure inner product. We also implement our methods and give a comparison with previous packing methods.
Rotation-Equivalence Classes of Binary Vectors
Authors: Grošek Otokar , Hromada Viliam
Published: February 2017

In this paper we study equivalence classes of binary vectors with regards to their rotation by using an algebraic approach based on the theory of linear feedback shift registers. We state the necessary and sufficient condition for existence of an equivalence class with given cardinality and provide two formulas. The first represents the sharp distribution of cardinalities for given length and Hamming weight of binary vectors and the second enables us to determine the number of different classes with the same cardinality.
Steganalysis of Stegostorage Library
Authors: Gulášová Michala , Jókay Matúš
Published: February 2017

The main goal of this research is the detection of the secret messages hidden in JPEG files, which were embedded by StegoStorage library. This tool allows the user to embed any type of information into a folder of images. Sequential, pseudo-random or Hamming code-based embedding into the least significant bit (LSB) of DCT coefficients is possible. It is possible to choose what fraction of capacity of the cover files are filled.

The aim of this contribution is to test the statistical LSB embedding model (modified weighted-stego analysis) for all modes of embedding which StegoStorage library offers, and for all cover files’ capacities, respectively. Another goal is to implement a more appropriate type of steganalytic attack for Hamming codes and test it. For this purpose, the RS (Regular/Singular) steganalysis was selected.

The detectability of the LSB embedding model of sequential embedding is possible if the cover files are filled to at least one percent of capacity. In the case of pseudo-random embedding, the secret message can be detected if the cover files are filled to at least 10% of their capacity. Hamming codes were undetectable using this type of an attack.

In the case of attack by RS steganalysis, another situation arose. When sequential or pseudo-random embeddings were used, the results indicated the detectability was possible if the cover files were filled up at least 5 percent of capacity. The capacity filling of 5 percent corresponds to 2.5 percent of DCT coefficient changes from the original media in the case of sequential embedding. This value, 2.5%, is the threshold for the utilization of Hamming codes, too. Therefore, Hamming codes (7, 4), (15, 11) and (32, 26) indicated the detectability, because they exceeded that limit.
Fingerprint Recognition System Using Artificial Neural Network as Feature Extractor: Design and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Marák Pavol , Hambalík Alexander
Published: February 2017

Performance of modern automated fingerprint recognition systems is heavily influenced by accuracy of their feature extraction algorithm. Nowadays, there are more approaches to fingerprint feature extraction with acceptable results. Problems start to arise in low quality conditions where majority of the traditional methods based on analyzing texture of fingerprint cannot tackle this problem so effectively as artificial neural networks. Many papers have demonstrated uses of neural networks in fingerprint recognition, but there is a little work on using them as Level-2 feature extractors. Our goal was to contribute to this field and develop a novel algorithm employing neural networks as extractors of discriminative Level-2 features commonly used to match fingerprints.

In this work, we investigated possibilities of incorporating artificial neural networks into fingerprint recognition process, implemented and documented our own software solution for fingerprint identification based on neural networks whose impact on feature extraction accuracy and overall recognition rate was evaluated. The result of this research is a fully functional software system for fingerprint recognition that consists of fingerprint sensing module using high resolution sensor, image enhancement module responsible for image quality restoration, Level-1 and Level-2 feature extraction module based on neural network, and finally fingerprint matching module using the industry standard BOZORTH3 matching algorithm. For purposes of evaluation we used more fingerprint databases with varying image quality, and the performance of our system was evaluated using FMR/FNMR and ROC indicators. From the obtained results, we may draw conclusions about a very positive impact of neural networks on overall recognition rate, specifically in low quality.
MRHS Equation Systems that can be Solved in Polynomial Time
Authors: Zajac Pavol
Published: February 2017

In this article we study the difficulty of solving Multiple Right-Hand Side (MRHS) equation systems. In the first part we show that, in general, solving MRHS systems is NP-hard. In the next part we focus on special (large) families of MRHS systems that can be solved in polynomial time with two algorithms: one based on linearisation of MRHS equations, and the second one based on decoding problems that can be solved in polynomial time.
Strategy for Research Development in the University. Case Study of Transport and Telecommunication Institute
Authors: Kabashkin Igor , Yatskiv Irina , Savrasovs Mihails
Published: February 2017

The paper represents Transport and Telecommunication Institute research programme for period of time 2016-2020. Developed research programme should insure sustainable development of TTI as research institution and should raise research capabilities of the organization by planning and further implementation of the collaboration activities with national and international partners. The analyses of main technology development in the area of TTI research activities, framework for development of research programme, the structure of key TTI strategies and main directions of TTI research activities are described in the paper sides.
Using the Min/Max Method for Replenishment of Picking Locations
Authors: Apsalons Raitis , Gromov Gennady
Published: February 2017

The irregularity of removing quantities from a definite picking location in a warehouse very often results in the stock out in the particular picking address. In practice, the Red Card principle is used to determine a critical level for each picking location when it is necessary to start the replenishment of stock in the picking address. The question is how to calculate an adequate critical level. The guidelines in this paper explain in detail the solution of the problem using the Min/Max stock control method and mathematical algorithms adjusted by authors. In order to check the validity of these mathematical algorithms of the Min/Max method, the simulation modelling has been also done and presented.
Validity of Ruffier Test in Evaluation of Resistance to the Physical Effort
Authors: Zanevskyy I. , Janiszewska R. , Zanevska L.
Published: February 2017

The Ruffier test is used to evaluate the resistance of a heart to physical effort and is intended for adults. The aim of the research in this paper was to create a model of the Ruffier test adapted to school sport and physical education, i.e., for 6–16-year-old pupils. It was shown that two well-known models of correction of the Ruffier test to the age of young patients were in conflict and thus not reliable in the practice of physical education. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation were used in this research. Inter- and extrapolations of the assessment scales based on the Ruffier index were employed. Calculations were done using MS Excel® and MathCAD®. Two methods of the adaptation of the Ruffier test assessment for the health status of young patients were proposed. In one of the methods, the value of the Ruffier index was corrected, and in another, the scale of assessment was likewise. A normal value of the heart rate at rest was accepted as a parameter of correction in both models. In general, the proposed model of correction of the test assessment courses a statistically significant difference with a corresponding result determined according to the original model (p < 0.001). The results of this correction showed a considerable increase in a basic group of physical education (normal physical activity) and a decrease in a preparation course group (decreased physical activity) and a special group (poor physical activity). This age correction increased the test score validity for children and adolescents to a level of the originally test score validity for adults.
Wear Response of Walnut-Shell-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Doddamani M. , Parande G. , Manakari V. , Siddhalingeshwar I. G. , Gaitonde V. N. , Gupta N.
Published: February 2017

Present work utilizes agricultural by-product, walnut shell, as reinforcing filler in epoxy matrix for investigating dry sliding wear behavior using a pin-on disc wear-testing machine. Effects of sliding velocity (0.5–1.5 m/s), normal load (10–50 N), sliding distance (1000–3000 m) and filler content (10–30 wt. %) on wear rate (Wt), specific wear rate (Ws) and coefficient of friction (μ) are investigated. The experiments were planned as per design of the experiments scheme and the wear characteristics were analyzed through response surface modeling (RSM) method. The lowest Wt of 1.1 mm3/km was noted for 1.5 m/s sliding velocity with 30-wt. % filler content. Sliding distance did not have a significant influence on Ws above a critical load of 40 N. The minimum μ was observed at 1-m/s sliding velocity, 40-N load, 1000-m sliding distance, and 30-wt. % filler. Lower values of Wt and μ at higher walnut-shell loadings support feasibility of using such composites in wear-prone applications. The wear mechanism was determined in the composites using extensive scanning electron microscopic observations.
PISA fenomenas: daugiaveidė tarptautinio moksleivių vertinimo programa
Authors: Želvys Rimantas
Published: February 2017

Tarptautinio moksleivių vertinimo programa, kurios angliškojo pavadinimo santrumpa PISA yra gerai žinoma Lietuvos edukologams, jau seniai tapo išskirtiniu šiuolaikinio švietimo fenomenu. Programą 2000 metais inicijavo Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacija (EBPO), o dabar joje dalyvauja 65 pasaulio šalys ir teritorijos. PISA yra vienintelis tarptautinis lyginamasis tyrimas, kurio metu vertinami 15-mečių moksleivių pasiekimai skaitymo, matematinio ir gamtamokslinio raštingumo srityse. Šis tyrimas yra tapęs tiek edukologų, politikų ir žurnalistų įkvėpimo šaltiniu, tiek ir dalies mokslininkų aršios kritikos objektu. Nesvarbu, esame šio tyrimo šalininkai ar priešininkai, negalėtume nuneigti didžiulio šio tarptautinio tyrimo poveikio švietimui. Tačiau debatų apie PISA metu išsakydami savo argumentus diskutantai dažnai turi omenyje skirtingus PISA aspektus, todėl, vertinant šį tyrimą, nėra lengva rasti bendro sutarimo. Šis tyrimas yra daugiaveidis: tai reiškia, kad vienu metu PISA atlieka daug skirtingų vaidmenų. Šiame straipsnyje mūsų nagrinėjimo objektas buvo PISA fenomeno raiška. Tikslas: išsiaiškinti skirtingus šio tarptautinio tyrimo atliekamusvaidmenis edukologijos teorijos ir praktikos lauke. Mes identifikavome dešimt skirtingų tarptautinio 15-mečių tyrimo vaidmenų: PISA kaip globalizacijos simbolis, PISA kaip neoliberalizmo apraiška švietime, PISA kaip metodologinė kontroversija, PISA kaip tyrimo duomenų bazė, PISA kaip švietimo pasiekimų matavimo priemonė, PISA kaip reitingavimo sistema, PISA kaip reklamos būdas, PISA kaip baudžiamoji priemonė, PISA kaip verslas ir PISA kaip švietimo politikos formavimo instrumentas. Pagrindinė išvada, prie kurios priėjome, skamba taip: skirtingų interesų grupių atstovai, siekdami savo tikslų arba norėdami apginti savo interesus, turėtų dėmesingiau ir selektyviau pasitelkti į pagalbą skirtingus PISA tyrimo aspektus. Vieni tyrimo aspektai jiems gali būti labiau naudingi ar patrauklūs, kiti – mažiau, tačiau vargu ar įmanoma ignoruoti patį PISA tyrimo fenomeną, neabejotinai turintį didelį poveikį šiuolaikinio švietimo raidai.
Kultūrinė musulmonų kalinių įvairovė ir įkalinimo įstaigų praktikos lūkesčiai Rytų Europos šalyse
Authors: Urbanek Arkadiusz , Gandecka Kamila
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje pristatomos elgesio su musulmonais tendencijos, pastebimos Lenkijoje, Lietuvoje ir Čekijoje. Remiamasi tyrimo, atspindinčio kalėjimo prižiūrėtojų reakciją į musulmonų lūkesčius ir pretenzijas, duomenimis. Tyrėjai taip pat bando atsakyti į klausimą apie tokių pretenzijų sankcijonavimą. Pažymima, kad būtina identifikuoti tokių pretenzijų kilmę, norint suformuoti tikslią poziciją apie kalėjimo priežiūros praktiką. Tai gali būti svarbu kuriant nešališkas elgesio su kaliniais musulmonais gaires. Būtų geriausia, jei įkalinimo bausmė liktų už daugiakultūriškumo diskusijos ribų ir būtų vykdoma tik remiantis teisinėmis procedūromis ir standartiniais sprendimais. Ypač todėl, kad esami kultūrinės įvairovės valdymo modeliai, tokie kaip antai asimiliacija ar daugiakultūriškumas, pasirodė esą netinkami savo prielaidomis ar praktiniu pritaikymu (Pasamonik, 2013, p.13). Be to, nei kultūrinių pokyčių ignoravimo politika, vykdoma daugumoje ES šalių, nei koncesijų politika, turėjusi ją pakeisti, nepasiekė norimų rezultatų. Todėl, ko gero, šalys, į kurias atvyksta musulmonai imigrantai ir ten atsiranda šios imigracijos padarinių, turėtų pakeisti savo teisines sistemas taip, kad užtikrintų, jog musulmonai galėtų laisvai praktikuoti savo tradicijas, bet kartu nebūtų pažeidžiami pačių šalių interesai.
Mokyklos politika ir inovatyvios patirtys Italijoje (1861–2015)
Authors: Bellatalla Luciana
Published: February 2017

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LE JEU DE POINTS DE VUE DANS LE ROMAN THÉRÈSE DESQUEYROUX DE FRANÇOIS MAURIAC
Authors: Kundelis Tadas , Bikulčius Vytautas
Published: February 2017

Cet article a pour but d’analyser l’alternance de points de vue des narrateurs dans le roman Thérèse Desqueyroux de François Mauriac. En basant notre analyse sur les théories narratologiques de Wolf Schmid et de Gérard Genette nous avons vu que dans le roman l’alternance des points de vue se produit sur le plan temporel, sur le plan idéologique et sur le plan linguistique. L’alternance de points de vue sur le plan temporel est créée de deux manières différentes : 1) une seule phrase comporte des indices qui font référence au point de vue temporel du narrateur et à celui du personnage ; il s’agit de l’interférence textuelle ; 2) le changement sur le plan temporel s’établit entre deux phrases ou entre deux éléments qui constituent une phrase. L’alternance de points de vue sur le plan idéologique est fondée sur le dialogue entre différents niveaux narratifs, sur le dialogue avec un interlocuteur implicite et sur l’interférence textuelle. Enfin l’alternance de points de vue sur le plan linguistique est basée sur l’interférence textuelle. Il est créé lorsque le discours du personnage transforme le discours du narrateur ou inversement.
GRUPĖS IEŠKINYS LIETUVOJE – PRAKTINĖS ĮGYVENDINIMO PROBLEMOS
Authors: Daujotas Rimantas
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje identifikuojamos pagrindinės praktinės grupės ieškinio įgyvendinimo problemos, nustatoma, kokie iššūkiai laukia ginčo šalių ir teismų pradėjus taikyti šį, dar gerai neišbandytą Lietuvoje, institutą. Be to, straipsnyje pateikiama šio instituto reguliavimo tobulinimo siūlymų, atsižvelgiant į problemas, kurių kyla kitose jurisdikcijose, siekiant, kad grupės ieškinio institutas taptų ne deklaratyvia, o realia ir efektyvia galimybe didelei grupei nukentėjusių asmenų paprasčiau apginti savo teises teisme, o verslui netapti piktnaudžiavimo grupės ieškiniu auka.
LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS KONSTITUCINIO TEISMO JURISPRUDENCIJOJE NUSTATYTI PROFESINĖS SAVIVALDOS POŽYMIAI IR JŲ VERTINIMAS
Authors: Vitkutė Evelina Agota
Published: February 2017

Straipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje įvardyti profesinės savivaldos konstituciniai pagrindai ir profesinės savivaldos subjektų požymiai. Daromos išvados, kad konstituciniai profesinės savivaldos pagrindai dar turėtų būti plėtojami, siejant juos ne tik su asociacijos laisve, bet ir su valstybės institucine sistema; taip pat pateikiamas vertinimas, kad įvardyti profesinės savivaldos subjektų požymiai pakankamai atskleidžia šių subjektų ypatumus ir leidžia formuluoti aiškią jų sampratą, atskiriančią juos nuo įprastų asociacijų.
A new method to measure the axial and shear moduli of bamboo
Authors: Moran Richard , Ghavami Khosrow , García José J.
Published: February 2017

Guadua angustifolia is a species of bamboo exhibiting excellent mechanical properties in the axial direction, which have been extensively investigated. Few studies have measured other anisotropic constants, which are necessary for reliable theoretical analyses. A simple new protocol is proposed to determine the circumferential–axial shear modulus and axial Young's modulus of this bamboo species by loading slats under torsion and bending. Different theoretical formulations were considered to correlate with the experimental data. The circumferential–axial shear modulus was determined using a torsion formula of strength of materials and an orthotropic finite-element model. The axial Young's modulus obtained using the strength of materials formula was higher than those determined using finite-element orthotropic, isotropic and functionally graded models. The shear and axial moduli obtained with the strength of materials formulae provided relatively good estimates of beam deflections. This protocol can be applied to assess the mechanical properties of other species of bamboo and wood used in structural engineering practice.
Are Basel's Capital Surcharges for Global Systemically Important Banks Too Small?
Authors: Passmore Wayne , von Hafften Alexander H.
Published: February 2017

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS, the Basel Committee, or Basel) has developed a methodology for identifying global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) and standards for requiring G-SIBs to hold more common equity.
The Cleared Bilateral Repo Market and Proposed Repo Benchmark Rates
Authors: Bowman David , Louria Joshua , McCormick Matthew , Styczynski Mary-Frances
Published: February 2017

As described in a recent statement and blog post, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY), in cooperation with the Office of Financial Research (OFR), is considering the publication of several new benchmark rates for overnight Treasury general collateral repurchase agreement (repo) transactions in order to enhance market transparency and efficiency by improving the quality and breadth of repo market information available to the public. This note sheds light on another important segment of the overnight repo market – the segment of the bilateral repo market cleared by FICC – based on an anonymized sample of data made available to the Board of Governors.
A 2007–2013-as Magyarország–Szlovákia Határon Átnyúló Együttműködési Program regionális aspektusai, megvalósításának tapasztalatai
Authors: Hakszer Richárd
Published: February 2017

A tanulmány a határon átnyúló együttműködésekkel, kialakulásuk okaival, majd az EU kapcsolódó fejlesztési programjaival, ezen belül is a most befejeződő 2007–2013-as Magyarország–Szlovákia Határon Átnyúló Együttműködési Program eredményeivel foglalkozik, kiemelve annak regionális aspektusait. A magyar–szlovák határszakaszt érintő, EU által támogatott fejlesztési programok regionális elemzésével, az egyes programok ismertetésével és a 2007–2013-as Magyarország–Szlovákia Határon Átnyúló Együttműködési Programmal foglalkozik a cikk – program-, illetve prioritásszinten. A pályázati kiírásokra bontott elemzéseket az egész program eredményeinek ismertetése, összehasonlítása követi, elsősorban a projektekben részt vevő, pénzügyi támogatásban részesülő partnerszervezetek szintjén. A tanulmány elemzései – elsősorban a forrásabszorpcióra vonatkozóan – a járási (LAU 1) szinten zajlottak. A kutatás a megyei szinttel is foglalkozik, valamint a kiemelt települések, nagyvárosok forráslehívását is tárgyalja. Az adatok feldolgozása, elemzése során meg kellett keresni a területi különbségek okait is. Összességében elmondható, hogy a program egyes határ menti térségeiből mennyiségileg és minőségileg is több megfelelő projektjavaslat érkezett, míg más területekről aránylag kevés. Az előbbire példa Kassa és környéke, az utóbbira pedig a Rimaszombati járás (amelynek fejlesztésére szintén nagy szükség lenne, mivel az ország egyik leginkább depresszió sújtotta területéről van szó). Megfigyelhető az is, hogy az egyes célok és a megvalósult projektek számát illetően is nagyok a regionális különbségek. Gondoljunk csak arra, hogy míg például Kassától délkeletre számos új határátkelési pont létesült, addig az Ipoly alsó és középső folyásán egyetlen egy sem.
Autopoietikus (társadalmi) terek koncepciója
Authors: Faragó László
Published: February 2017

A kortárs térelméletek fő áramlatai a teret nyitottnak tételezik fel, és sokan úgy vélik, hogy ezt alátámasztják a globalizációs trendek is. E tanulmány az autopoiézisz koncepciójának térelméleti alkalmazásával a konkrét terek lehetséges zártságára hívja fel a figyelmet. A szerző a luhmanni szociális rendszer bemutatását követően az autopoiézisz általános társadalmi koncepciójának főbb jellemzőit tárgyalja. Bemutatja, hogy miben különböznek az autopoietikusan működő zárt rendszerek a nyílt triviális rendszerektől, és melyek az autopoietikus rendszerek főbb jellemzői. Az autopoietikusan működő rendszerek az önépítés, az önfejlődés érdekében alakítják ki a zártság és nyitottság kényes egyensúlyát. A tanulmány a társadalmi (területi) rezilienciát az autopoiézisszel rokon fogalomként mutatja be. A szerző az autopoiézisz általános koncepciójának lényegi elemire építve megalkotja a zárt terek koncepcióját. A belülről építkező önreferenciális terek és területegységek saját maguk konstrukciói, saját „genetikájuk”, logikájuk alapján működnek és határolódnak el a környezetüktől. A konkrét terek határai mindig az alkotóelemeiknek és a relációiknak a sajátosságaihoz igazodnak, a komponenseik és azok relációi a saját maguk által létrehozott térben, saját műveleteikkel termelődnek újjá. Ha az önreferencián alapuló viszonylag autonóm működés megszűnik, azzal megszűnik a természetes téregység is, és elemei egy másik egység részévé válnak. A mesterségesen kívülről létrehozott és irányított terek nem autopoietikusan, hanem gépszerűen működnek.
Clinical profile of postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Rajoor Umesh G. , B. N. Seema
Published: February 2017

Background: Pregnancy and puerperium are most prevalent prothrombotic states leading to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Pregnancy induces several changes in coagulation system, which persists at least during early puerperium, rendering it a prothrombotic state. The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of postpartum CVT.Methods: A total of 32 consecutive patients admitted in medicine and obstetrics and gynecology ward between April 2012 and March 2015 with radiologically confirmed diagnosis of CVT were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations were carried out in all the cases.Results: Out of 32 patients of CVT studied, the age of patients varied from 18 to 40 years. Maximum incidence was seen in 21-30 age group comprising 74% of the cases, with mean age being 25.5 years. Two-third of the patients belongs to the low socio-economic class. The majority of them had subacute presentation with the headache in 93.75%, followed by altered sensorium (90.6%) and convulsions (75%) being the most common presenting symptoms. Radiologically the most common finding noted was hemorrhagic infarction (85.3%), followed by non-hemorrhagic infarction (15.7%).Conclusions: Pregnancy and puerperium are most prevalent prothrombotic states leading to CVT.
Tuberculosis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Report of Eight Cases During a Five Year Period
Authors: Póvoas Diana , Machado João , Perdigoto Rui , Morbey Ana , Veloso Júlio , Glória Helena , Mateus Élia , Martins Américo , Maltez Fernando , Barroso Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Tuberculosis incidence in Portugal ranged from 20 to 22 cases per 100 000 inhabitants between 2010 and 2014. Tuberculosis incidence in liver transplant recipients is not precisely known, but it is estimated to be higher than among the general population. Tuberculosis in liver transplant recipients is particularly challenging because of the atypical clinical presentation and side effects of the antibacillary drugs and their potential interactions with immunosuppressive therapies.Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of liver transplant recipients with post-transplant tuberculosis occurring from January 2010 to December 2014 at a liver transplantation unit in Lisbon, Portugal. Demographic data, baseline and clinical features, as well as treatment regimen, toxicities and outcomes, were analyzed.Results: Among 1005 recipients, active tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight patients between January 2010 and December 2014 (frequency = 0.8%). Late onset tuberculosis was more frequent than early tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated from cultures in almost every case (7; 87.5%). Extra-pulmonary involvement and disseminated tuberculosis were frequent. Two patients developed rejection without allograft loss. Crude mortality was 37.5%, with 2 deaths being related to tuberculosis.Discussion: Despite the uncertainty regarding treatment duration in liver transplant recipients, disease severity, as well as number of active drugs against TB infection, should be taken into account. There was a need for a rifampin-free regimen and immunosuppression adjustment in patients who experienced acute graf rejection.Conclusion: Although the number of cases of tuberculosis is low, its post-transplant frequency is significant and the observed mortality rate is not to be neglected. The cases of hepatotoxicity and graft rejection seen in this case series demonstrate the challenges associated with tuberculosis diagnosis in liver transplant recipients and management of the interactions between immunosuppressors and rifampin. This study strengthens the recommendation of latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in liver transplant candidates or recipients.
Impacto da Corionicidade nas Complicações Perinatais da Gestação Gemelar
Authors: Machado Marta , Lima Teixeira Elsa , Ferreira Lígia Maria , Rodrigues Filipa , Henriques Raquel , Afonso Eulália
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A incidência da gestação múltipla tem vindo a aumentar em todo o mundo e vários estudos têm demonstrado taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade mais elevadas nos gémeos monocoriónicos comparativamente com os bicoriónicos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar a população de gémeos fruto de gravidez bifetal nascidos num hospital nível três e avaliar o impacto da corionicidade na morbimortalidade perinatal.Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo de todos os gémeos fruto de gravidez bifetal nascidos num hospital nível três entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2013.Resultados: Neste período nasceram 1051 gémeos, fruto de 540 gestações (26,7% monocoriónicos; 73,3% bicoriónicos). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos no respeitante às complicações obstétricas. No grupo monocoriónico verificou-se uma incidência mais elevada de restrição do crescimento intra-uterino (20,5 vs 11,3%, p < 0,001), idade materna mais baixa (29,9 vs 31,9 anos, p < 0,001), idade gestacional mais baixa (33,4 vs 34,3 semanas, p < 0,05) e peso de nascimento mais baixo (1943 vs 2147 g, p < 0,001). Os gémeos monocoriónicos tiveram uma incidência mais elevada de doença de membrana hialina (7 vs 4%, p < 0,05), sépsis (10,3 vs 5,8%, p < 0,05) e anemia (9,5 vs 5,4%, p < 0,05). Não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significativa relativamente à ocorrência de enterocolite necrotizante, hemorragia intraperiventricular ou retinopatia da prematuridade. A mortalidade perinatal foi mais elevada no grupo monocoriónico (5,2 vs 2,9%, p < 0,05).Discussão: Os gémeos monocoriónicos representam um desafio para obstetras e neonatologistas, devendo a vigilância pré-natal e o parto ser realizados em centros de referência.Conclusão: A gemelaridade tem atualmente um importante impacto nos nascimentos, pelo que seria interessante desenvolver protocolos que uniformizassem a prática clínica na abordagem a estes recém-nascidos.
Anastomose Biliar no Transplante Hepático: Com ou Sem Tubo em T?
Authors: Carmelino Janine , Rodrigues Susana , Marques Hugo Pinto , Ribeiro Vasco , Virella Daniel , Alves Marta , Martins Américo , Barroso Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Introdução: Complicações biliares ocorrem em 10% - 30% dos transplantes hepáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar as incidências dessas complicações nos transplantes hepáticos em que foi ou não utilizado tubo em T na anastomose biliar.Material e Métodos: Análise de dois grupos de doentes submetidos a transplante hepático entre 2008 e 2012. Consideraram-se os doentes em que o tubo em T foi utilizado (G1) e em que não o foi (G2). Procuraram-se depois modelos explicativos da ocorrência de complicações biliares por regressão logística, incluindo as variáveis identificadas na análise univariável.Resultados: Estudaram-se 506 doentes consecutivos submetidos a um primeiro transplante hepático (G1 = 363; G2 = 143). A incidência global de complicações biliares foi 24,7% (IC 95% 21,1 - 28,6): 27,0% no G1 e 18,9% no G2 (p = 0,057). As incidências de estenose e de fístula biliar foram tendencialmente mais elevadas em G1: 19,6% (IC 95% 15,7-23,8) vs 15,4% (IC 95% 10,1 - 22,0) (p = 0,275) e 6,6% (IC 95% 4,4 - 9,5) vs 2,8% (IC 95% 0,9 - 6,6) (p = 0,091). Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica, reoperação e retransplante. Verificaram-se dois óbitos no G1. Não se encontrou associação entre a ocorrência de complicações biliares e os diâmetros das vias biliares ou o tempo de isquemia fria. O modelo explicativo ajustado à idade do recetor e do dador, e ao diagnóstico de base identifica o uso do tubo em T como aumentando a possibilidade da ocorrência de complicações biliares (AdjOR 1,71; IC 95% 1,04 - 2,80; p = 0,034).Discussão e Conclusão: A utilização do tubo em T deve ser uma decisão tomada caso a caso e baseada no julgamento intra-operatório de cirurgiões experientes.
The OXIMAPA Study: Hypertension Control by ABPM and Association with Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Maricoto Tiago , Silva Eurico Alves Rrodrigues , Damião Pedro , Bastos José Mesquita
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device is the best blood pressure evaluation method and sleep apnea syndrome is the leading cause of poor control. Oximetry allows screening these individuals but its usefulness has been poorly explored in Primary Health Care. The aim was to evaluate the blood pressure control at the office and with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device and to relate it to sleep apnea syndrome.Material and Methods: We selected a sample of 50 participants, representative of 3036 hypertensive patients. The variables were: blood pressure value at the office and blood pressure with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device; presence of criteria of sleep apnea syndrome in oximetry.Results: The prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure was 56% on office evaluation and 68% on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device. It was found: 36% of daytime hypertension, 52% nocturnal hypertension, 40% non-dipper profile, 16% of white coat hypertension and 28% masked hypertension. The prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome was 16%. Blood pressure in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device and blood pressure in office showed no statistically significant association (p = 0.761). We found a statistically significant association between sleep apnea syndrome and daytime hypertension (p = 0.019) and non-dipper profile (p = 0.005).Discussion and Conclusion: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by automatic device detected more 12% of uncontrolled hypertension than office blood pressure. Sleep apnea syndrome is strongly associated with uncontrolled hypertension and oximetry may be a good screening method, but should be studied further.
Scrotal Cystocele by Computed Tomography and Ultrasound
Authors: Penha Diana , Guedes Pinto Erique , Costa Ana
Published: February 2017

N/A.
Aortic Dissection Mimicking ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Costa , Santos Nuno , Pereira Décio
Published: February 2017

N/A.
Forensic Medicine and the Military Population: International Dental Records and Personal Identification Concerns
Authors: Guimarães Maria Inês , Silveira Augusta , Sequeira Teresa , Gonçalves Joaquim , Carneiro Sousa Maria José , Valenzuela Aurora
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The first goal of this research was to perceive the global commitment towards the organization and archiving of dental records and to compare it with each country’s security risk rating. The second one was to study dental records in a sample of the Portuguese military population, using the available national dental records.Material and Methods: An e-mail was sent to representative dentistry associations in several countries, requesting some information concerning the professionals’ awareness of this issue. After obtaining permission from the Ethics Committee, the information was collected through the Forensic Dental Symbols® system into the Dental Encoder®, as an extension of a Spanish study, and a generic codification was used (unrestored, restored, missing and crowned teeth).Results: The most common dental record retention period is ten years after treatment. Observing the samples’ dental records (595 files), we found a total of 19 040 analyzed teeth, with the following frequencies: unrestored (89.6%), restored (7.0%), missing (2.2%) and crowned (1.1%).Discussion: There is a wide range of guidelines on how long dentists should keep dental records. Especially for the military population, dental records must include detailed information concerning each tooth situation, in order to support the process of human identification.Conclusion: This article reinforces the need for mandatory quality dental records in all countries, which must be efficiently stored and easily accessible in case dental identification is necessary. For the military population, these requirements are especially important, due to the added risks to which this group is subject.
Delayed-Onset Striatal Hands Following Basal Ganglia Anoxic Insult
Authors: Sousa Sandra , Pita Fernando
Published: February 2017

N/A.
Síndrome de Neurotoxicidade Irreversível Causada por Lítio
Authors: Silva Ana Luísa , Ourique Carolina , Martins Filipe , Friões Fernando
Published: February 2017

O lítio é um fármaco com janela terapêutica estreita, exigindo monitorização frequente dos seus níveis séricos e da clínica, pois a toxicidade pode surgir mesmo com níveis terapêuticos. Apresentamos o caso de um homem com intoxicação por lítio, com persistência de alterações neurológicas mesmo após normalização dos seus níveis séricos, permitindo-nos fazer o diagnóstico de síndrome de neurotoxicidade irreversível causada pelo lítio (SILENT).
An Overview of Teaching Communication of Bad News in Medical School: Should a Lecture be Adequate to Address the Topic?
Authors: Coutinho Filipe , Ramessur Anisha
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Delivering bad news is very common in medical daily practice. Several studies have shown a lack of effective communication skills amongst medical students, particularly concerning how to deliver bad news. The SPIKES protocol allows communicating bad news in a 6-step method. The aim of this study is to investigate the perspective of students related to this subject.Material and Methods: A 45 minute lecture “Breaking Bad News” was given to 160 students in the fifth and sixth years of the Medicine course, using the SPIKES’ protocol training. After the lecture, an online survey was given to all students, and a cross-sectional and descriptive analysis of data extracted from survey was undertaken.Results: Fifty-four students (21% of overall) answered the online survey. Eighty three percent said that theme should have an important role in their further daily medical practice, and most of students rated the physicians’ role as challenging. Sixty percent of students expressed that communicating bad news was an integral part of the medical course curriculum. Regarding the SPIKES´ protocol, 48% felt that the first step would be the easiest to put in practice, and 40% felt that the fifth step related to “Emotions” would be the most difficult.Discussion: In general, the students would like to gain competencies in breaking bad news using a practical approach Conclusions: Students highly valued theoretical and practical approaches in teaching of communication of bad news. Therefore, we encourage a combination approach in pre-graduate medical education.
Motivation to Quit Smoking after Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Rocha Vânia , Guerra Marina , Lemos Marina , Maciel Júlia , Williams Geoffrey
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Self-Determination Theory explores the process through which a person acquires motivation to initiate new behaviours related to health and to maintain them over time. This study aimed to determine the overall fit of Self-Determination Theory Model for Health Behavior to the data obtained from a sample of smokers hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome, and to identify the predictors of smoking status six months after clinical discharge.Material and Methods: The sample included 110 participants, regular smokers, hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome. Questionnaires were administered to assess autonomous self-regulation, perceived competence, family support, depressive symptoms and meaning in life. Participants were asked if they were currently smokers six months after clinical discharge.Results: The results showed that the process variables specified by Self-Determination Theory fit the data well. Perceived competence predicted abstinence from smoking six months after clinical discharge.Discussion: Our findings have similar characteristics to other international samples in which Self-Determination Theory models havebeen tested. It is important to facilitate perceived competence, as the patients who continue to smoke have shorter length of life.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering clinical interventions based on Self-Determination Theory to facilitatesmoking cessation.
Transition from Secondary School to Medical School: The Role of Self-Study and Self-Regulated Learning Skills in Freshman Burnout
Authors: Barbosa Joselina , Silva Álvaro , Ferreira Maria Amélia , Severo Milton
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The transition from secondary to higher education is a challenging and demanding period for medical students. The ability to manage study time effectively and to be a self-regulated learner is essential to cope with the exponential growth of knowledge in medical education. Thus, the purpose of our study was to measure self-regulated learning skills and self-study across secondary higher education transition and to explore its effect on academic burnout in the first year of medical school.Material and Methods: We collected data from 102 (43%) freshman medical students on self-regulated learning, academic achievement, and hours of self-study/week relative to last year of secondary school (at the beginning of academic year) and the first year of medical school (at the end of academic year). Burnout data was collected at the end of academic year.Results: Among the 102 participants, 12% were at risk of burnout. Self-directedness at secondary school and higher education, and strategies for learning and assessment at higher education were protective factors against academic burnout. However, secondary selfdirectedness has an indirect effect on academic burnout mediated by self-directedness in the first year of medical school. In addition, self-study during class period was a risk factor for burnout.Conclusion: Our results support the premise that students experience mental health problems from an early stage at medical school. Empowering medical students to develop strategies for learning assessment and self-direction will help them manage their learning and, consequently, promote their well-being. Finally, we found that it is not academic performance that influences burnout but the time dedicated to study.
Biomedical Simulation: Evolution, Concepts, Challenges and Future Trends
Authors: Sá-Couto Carla , Patrão Luís , Maio-Matos Francisco , Pêgo José Miguel
Published: February 2017

Biomedical simulation is an effective educational complement for healthcare training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. It enables knowledge, skills and attitudes to be acquired in a safe, educationally orientated and efficient manner. In this context, simulation provides skills and experience that facilitate the transfer of cognitive, psychomotor and proper communication competences, thus changing behavior and attitudes, and ultimately improving patient safety. Beyond the impact on individual and team performance, simulation provides an opportunity to study organizational failures and improve system performance. Over the last decades, simulation in healthcare had a slow but steady growth, with a visible maturation in the last ten years. The simulation community must continue to provide the core leadership in developing standards. There is a need for strategies and policy development to ensure its coordinated and cost-effective implementation, applied to patient safety. This paper reviews the evolutionary movements of biomedical simulation, including a review of the Portuguese initiatives and nationwide programs. For leveling knowledge and standardize terminology, basic but essential concepts in clinical simulation, together with some considerations on assessment, validation and reliability are presented. The final sections discuss the current challenges and future initiatives and strategies, crucial for the integration of simulation programs in the greater movement toward patient safety.