bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness, perception and practices regarding oral health among school-going adolescents in Ahmedabad City, India
Authors:   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India, Parkar Sujal , Sharma Abhishek ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India, Shah Nisha ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
Published: December 2023

Objective. The study aimed to assess the awareness, perception, and practices regarding oral health among school-going adolescents in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat, India. Materials and methods. A total of 600 school-attending adolescents with a mean age of 14.2 ± 1.19 years were enrolled. Ten schools (five public and five private schools) were selected randomly. They were interviewed by using a face-to-face questionnaire which comprised 13 items. Out of 13 questions four questions were related to awareness, four questions were related to attitude, and five questions were related to the practice of oral health. The statistical association between the two genders, age groups, and between public and private schools was determined using the Chi-square test. Results. Most of the participants were aware of the number of permanent teeth present; however they were unaware of the number of primary teeth, and the effect of sugar and tobacco consumption on oral health. Male and private school-going students had better knowledge compared to females and government school students... A total of 73% of the participants brushed their teeth twice daily. Tooth pain was the most common reason (49.7%) for visiting a dentist. 44.7% of them visit the dentist only when needed while 23.5% visit the dentist every 6 months for regular check-ups. Conclusion. The findings of the study conclude that oral health-related awareness, perception, and practices of adolescent students were not satisfactory. Hence, there is a need for regular oral health education for adolescents, as well as their parents and school teachers, which could impart a better and long-lasting understanding of oral health awareness, which in turn will reflect better oral health-related practices.
Quality as the Basis for the Development in Digital Economy
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Regional Economy of RAS, Okrepilov V.V.
Published: December 2023

This article presents the role and importance of the quality as a socio-economic category, which is the basis for social development. The scientific field of Quality Economics developed by the author is presented, the main elements of which are metrology, standardization and quality management. Their importance for economic development and improvement of the quality of life is revealed. The experience of creating a multilevel system for training of specialists in the field of quality in Saint Petersburg is demonstrated.
Economic Development Based on Improving the Quality of Growth
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shirov A.A.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the main problems faced by countries moving along the post-industrial development model. The key contradictions between economic growth and development are considered. It is stated that in some cases economic growth is not accompanied by development, but it is extremely difficult to ensure development in the absence of economic growth. The qualitative and quantitative components of economic growth in the Russian economy of the last decade are analyzed. It is shown that economic growth in 2011–2020. In Russia, it will be determined mainly by the involvement of primary resources in production, and not by increasing the efficiency of their use. It is noted that one of the key directions of the development of the Russian economy should be the complication of its structure based on the expansion of demand for goods and services of high-tech sectors and the development of industrial cooperation. The requirements are formulated for a new model of economic development that ensures balanced development of the real sector and the service sector, as well as employment of the population, contributing to a more even distribution of income of the population.
MELANCHOLIA AND REMAINS OF LOSS IN AUGUST WILSON'S THE PIANO LESSON
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Mahdi
Published: December 2023

This paper is an attempt to investigate the way the past determines the melancholic identity of the black people involved in August Wilson's The Piano Lesson and the way the piano’s presence, though traumatic, stands as remains of the loss. The remains act like a monument for black people through which they can read and re-read their history. In The Piano Lesson the remnants or remains of loss are depicted, serving as poignant symbols of past traumas and unresolved grief. These remnants not only evoke the weight of history but also provide insights into the characters' emotional struggles and their attempts to reconcile with their losses. In order to define the past and its influence in the present referring to some notions like trauma, melancholia, and loss is unavoidable. However, the definitions provided here deviate from the classical explanations given to these perspectives. August Wilson's The Piano Lesson represents the accumulation of the losses and traumas experienced by the black race through whose remains the present generation of black people attaches themselves to the past, which gives them a melancholic privilege to produce new reading of traumas to stand against the white owners. Moreover, the piano in the play acts as a traumatic monument in which the history of the past has been carved, and through which the fight against slavery starts which could lead to freedom and independence for the black race against slavery.
ÖZGÜN BİR OSMANLI KRONİĞİNİN MUKADDİMESİ TABAKÂTÜ'L-MEMÂLİK ve DERECÂTÜ'L-MESÂLİK
Authors: Demirtaş Funda
Published: December 2023

İslam telif geleneği çerçevesinde mukaddime IX. yüzyıldan itibaren genel bir anlam kazanarak mensur eserlerin baş kısmında bulunan ön söz, sunuş ve giriş formunun ismi olmuştur. Bu asırda içerik ve şekil şartları olgunlaşan mukaddime, X. yüzyılda tamamen geleneksel bir yazım tarzı özelliği kazanmıştır. İslam telif geleneğini miras alarak sürdüren Osmanlı döneminde de mukaddime minimal değişikliklerin haricinde aynı şekil ve içerik özelliklerini devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışma da I. Süleyman dönemini anlatan kronikler ve Süleymannâmeler arasında yazarı Celâlzâde Mustafa Çelebi’nin birinci elden bilgiye sahip üst düzey bir devlet adamı olarak verdiği detaylı ve güvenilir bilgiler sebebiyle emsallerinden pozitif ayrışan Tabakâtü’l-memâlik ve derecâtü’l-mesâlik adlı eserin mukaddimesini Türk-İslam telif geleneği çerçevesinde incelemeyi konu edinmiştir. Çalışmada eserin mukaddimesinin şekil ve içerik noktasında hem İslam klasikleriyle hem de Osmanlı kronikleriyle büyük oranda örtüşmesinden hareketle Türk-İslam dünyasında telif geleneğinin ve yöntem biliminin köklü geçmişini Tabakâtü’l-memâlik özelinde aydınlatma hedeflenmiştir. Yazarının bir müverrihten ziyade I. Süleyman döneminde vaki olan hadiselerin tanığı olan bir devlet adamı olarak verdiği birinci elden bilgiler çalışmada hazır bilgiden yararlanma tekniğinin baskın bir şekilde kullanımını gerektirmiştir. Çalışmanın temasına da uygun olan bu teknik yazarın ifadesiyle “kalem, kelam ve rakam” vasıtasıyla abartılan veya işitilen verileri içermediği için hem dönem hem de eser hakkında sağlıklı değerlendirmeler yapmayı mümkün kılmıştır.
Research Model Canvas: A Strategic Response to Graduate Dropout in South Africa
Authors: Iwara Ishmael Obaeko
Published: December 2023

South African universities, much like their counterparts globally, are confronted with the pressing need to diminish postgraduate student dropout figures, foster graduateness, and bolster cutting-edge research which would result in substantial socioeconomic advantages. This participatory qualitative action research delved deep into the multifaceted challenges confronting graduate students in their research pursuits, exploring their profound repercussions and advocating for the adoption of an entrepreneurial-oriented research model. Grounded in the lived experiences of postdoctoral fellows, this study presented the Graduate Research Model Canvas as a strategic response. This model canvas, meticulously designed, will serve as a potent mechanism empowering graduate students to adeptly chart their research trajectories, offering a robust solution to the intricate challenges posed by graduate research endeavours. Its implementation will potentially optimize graduate student throughput, enhance postgraduate effectiveness, and scale up research output towards a sustainable entrepreneurial university direction that South Africa is striving to attain. Keywords: Postgraduate Enterprise, Research Efficacy, Entrepreneurial University, Model Canvas.
Expansions and Characterizations of Sieved Random Walk Polynomials
Authors:   RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Kahler Stefan
Published: December 2023

We consider random walk polynomial sequences $(P_n(x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}\subseteq\mathbb{R}[x]$ given by recurrence relations $P_0(x)=1$, $P_1(x)=x$, $x P_n(x)=(1-c_n)P_{n+1}(x)+c_n P_{n-1}(x),$ $n\in\mathbb{N}$ with $(c_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\subseteq(0,1)$. For every $k\in\mathbb{N}$, the $k$-sieved polynomials $(P_n(x;k))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$ arise from the recurrence coefficients $c(n;k):=c_{n/k}$ if $k|n$ and $c(n;k):=1/2$ otherwise. A main objective of this paper is to study expansions in the Chebyshev basis $\{T_n(x)\colon n\in\mathbb{N}_0\}$. As an application, we obtain explicit expansions for the sieved ultraspherical polynomials. Moreover, we introduce and study a sieved version $\mathrm{D}_k$ of the Askey-Wilson operator $\mathcal{D}_q$. It is motivated by the sieved ultraspherical polynomials, a generalization of the classical derivative and obtained from $\mathcal{D}_q$ by letting $q$ approach a $k$-th root of unity. However, for $k\geq2$ the new operator $\mathrm{D}_k$ on $\mathbb{R}[x]$ has an infinite-dimensional kernel (in contrast to its ancestor), which leads to additional degrees of freedom and characterization results for $k$-sieved random walk polynomials. Similar characterizations are obtained for a sieved averaging operator $\mathrm{A}_k$.
Coma Abundances of Volatiles at Small Heliocentric Distances: Compositional Measurements of Long-period Comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus)
Authors: Ejeta Chemeda , Gibb Erika , Roth Nathan , DiSanti Michael A. , Dello Russo Neil , Saki Mohammad , McKay Adam J. , Kawakita Hideyo , Khan Younas , Bonev Boncho P. , Vervack Ronald J. , Combi Michael R.
Published: December 2023

We report production rates of H2O and nine trace molecules (C2H6, CH4, H2CO, CH3OH, HCN, NH3, C2H2, OCS, and CO) in long-period comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) using the high-resolution, cross-dispersed infrared spectrograph (iSHELL) at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, on two pre-perihelion dates at heliocentric distances R

h
= 0.49 and 0.52 au. Our molecular abundances with respect to simultaneously or contemporaneously measured H2O indicate that S3 is depleted in CH3OH compared to its mean abundance relative to H2O among the overall comet population (Oort Cloud comets and Jupiter-family comets combined), whereas the eight other measured species have near-average abundances relative to H2O. In addition, compared to comets observed at R

h
< 0.80 au at near-infrared wavelengths, S3 showed enhancement in the abundances of volatile species H2CO, NH3, and C2H2, indicating possible additional (distributed) sources in the coma for these volatile species. The spatial profiles of volatile species in S3 in different instrumental settings are dramatically different, which might suggest temporal variability in comet outgassing behavior between the nonsimultaneous measurements. The spatial distributions of simultaneously measured volatile species C2H6 and CH4 are nearly symmetric and closely track each other, while those of CO and HCN co-measured with H2O (using different instrument settings) are similar to each other and are asymmetric in the antisunward direction.
Discovery of Two Different Full Disk Evolutionary Patterns of M-type T Tauri Stars with LAMOST DR8
Authors: Haerken 哈斯铁 Hasitieer 尔·哈尔肯 , Li 李 Guang-Wei 广伟 , Li 李 Min 敏 , Duan 段 Fuqing 福庆 , Zhao 赵 Yongheng 永恒
Published: December 2023

The full disk, full of gas and dust, determines the upper limit of planet masses, and its lifetime is critical for planet formation, especially for giant planets. In this work, we studied the evolutionary timescales of the full disks of T Tauri stars (TTSs) and their relations to accretion. Combined with Gaia EDR3, Two Micron All Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data, 1077 disk-bearing TTS candidates were found in LAMOST DR8, and stellar parameters were obtained. Among them, 783 are newly classified by spectra as classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs; 169) or weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTSs). Based on EW and FWHM of Hα, 157 TTSs in accretion were identified, with ∼82% also having full disks. For TTSs with M < 0.35M
☉, about 80% seem to already lose their full disks at ∼0.1 Myr, which may explain their lower mass, while the remaining 20% with full disks evolve at similar rates of non-full disks within 5 Myr, allowing enough time and material to form giant planets. The fraction of accreting TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs is stable at ∼10% and can last ∼5–10 Myr, suggesting that full disks and accretion evolve with similar rates as non-full disks. For TTSs with M > 0.35 M
☉, almost all full disks can survive more than 0.1 Myr, most for 1 Myr and some even for 20 Myr. For TTSs with M > 0.35 M
☉, almost all full disks can survive more than 0.1 Myr, most for 1 Myr, and some even for 20 Myr, which implies planets are more likely to be formed in their disks than those of M < 0.35 M
☉, and thus M dwarfs with M > 0.35 M
☉ can have more planets. The fraction of full-disk TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs decreases with age following the relation f ∝ t
−0.35, and similar relations existed in the fraction of accreting TTSs and the fraction of full-disk CTTSs, suggesting faster full disks and accretion evolution than non-full disks. For full-disk stars, the ratio of accretion of lower-mass stars is systematically lower than that of higher-mass stars, confirming the dependence of accretion on stellar mass, which may be reflective of an observational bias in the detection of accretion levels, with the lower-mass stars crossing below the detection threshold earlier than higher-mass stars.
Living with a Red Dwarf: X-Ray, UV, and Ca ii Activity–Age Relationships of M Dwarfs
Authors: Engle Scott G.
Published: December 2023

The vast majority of stars in the nearby stellar neighborhood are M dwarfs. Their low masses and luminosities result in slow rates of nuclear evolution and minimal changes to the stars’ observable properties, even along astronomical timescales. However, they possess relatively powerful magnetic dynamos and resulting X-ray to UV (X–UV) activity, compared to their bolometric luminosities. This magnetic activity does undergo an observable decline over time, potentially making it a key age determinant for M dwarfs. Observing this activity is important for studying the outer atmospheres of these stars, but also for comparing the behaviors of different spectral type subsets of M dwarfs; e.g., those with partially versus fully convective interiors. Beyond stellar astrophysics, understanding the X–UV activity of M dwarfs over time is a key component when studying the atmospheres and habitability of any hosted exoplanets. Earth-sized exoplanets, in particular, are more commonly found orbiting M dwarfs than any other stellar type, and thermal escape (driven by the M dwarf X–UV activity) is believed to be the dominant atmospheric loss mechanism for these planets. Utilizing recently calibrated M dwarf age–rotation relationships, also constructed as part of the Living with a Red Dwarf program, we have analyzed the evolution of M dwarf activity over time, in terms of coronal (X-ray), chromospheric (Lyα, and Ca ii), and overall X–UV (5–1700 Å) emissions. The activity–age relationships presented here will be useful for studying exoplanet habitability and atmospheric loss, and also for studying the different dynamo and outer atmospheric heating mechanisms at work in M dwarfs.
The Effects of Thomson Scattering and Chemical Mixing on Early-time Light Curves of Double-peaked Type IIb Supernovae
Authors: Park Seong Hyun , Yoon Sung-Chul , Blinnikov Sergei
Published: December 2023

Previous numerical simulations of double-peaked Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) light curves have demonstrated that the radius and mass of the hydrogen-rich envelope of the progenitor star can significantly influence the brightness and timescale of the early-time light curve around the first peak. In this study, we investigate how Thomson scattering and chemical mixing in the SN ejecta affect the optical light curves during the early stages of the SNe IIb using radiation hydrodynamics simulations. By comparing the results from two different numerical codes (i.e., STELLA and SNEC), we find that the optical brightness of the first peak can be reduced by more than a factor of 3 as a result of the effect of Thomson scattering that causes the thermalization depth to be located below the Rosseland mean photosphere, compared to the corresponding case where this effect is ignored. We also observe a short-lived plateau-like feature lasting for a few days in the early-time optical light curves of our models, in contrast to typical observed SNe IIb that show a quasi-linear decrease in optical magnitudes after the first peak. A significant degree of chemical mixing between the hydrogen-rich envelope and the helium core in SN ejecta is required to reconcile this discrepancy between the model prediction and observation. Meanwhile, to properly reproduce the first peak, a significant mixing of 56Ni into the hydrogen-rich outermost layers should be restricted. Our findings indicate that inferring the SN IIb progenitor structure from a simplified approach that ignores these two factors may introduce substantial uncertainty.
Pure Spectroscopic Constraints on UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History from 25 Galaxies at
z
spec = 8.61–13.20 Confirmed with JWST/NIRSpec
Authors: Harikane Yuichi , Nakajima Kimihiko , Ouchi Masami , Umeda Hiroya , Isobe Yuki , Ono Yoshiaki , Xu Yi , Zhang Yechi
Published: December 2023

We present pure spectroscopic constraints on the UV luminosity functions and cosmic star formation rate (SFR) densities from 25 galaxies at z
spec = 8.61–13.20. By reducing the JWST/NIRSpec spectra taken in multiple programs of Early Release Observation, Early Release Science, General Observer, and Director’s Discretionary Time observations with our analysis technique, we independently confirm 16 galaxies at z
spec = 8.61–11.40, including new redshift determinations, and a bright interloper at z
spec = 4.91 that was claimed as a photometric candidate at z ∼ 16. In conjunction with nine galaxies at redshifts up to z
spec = 13.20 in the literature, we make a sample of 25 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies in total and carefully derive the best estimates and lower limits of the UV luminosity functions. These UV luminosity function constraints are consistent with the previous photometric estimates within the uncertainties and indicate mild redshift evolution toward z ∼ 12, showing tensions with some theoretical models of rapid evolution. With these spectroscopic constraints, we obtain firm lower limits of the cosmic SFR densities and spectroscopically confirm a high SFR density at z ∼ 12 beyond the constant star formation efficiency models, which supports earlier claims from the photometric studies. While there are no spectroscopically confirmed galaxies with very large stellar masses violating the ΛCDM model due to the removal of the bright interloper, we confirm star-forming galaxies at z
spec = 11–13 with stellar masses much higher than model predictions. Our results indicate possibilities of high star formation efficiency (>5%), a hidden active galactic nucleus, a top-heavy initial mass function (possibly with Population III), and large scatter/variance. Having these successful and unsuccessful spectroscopy results, we suggest observational strategies for efficiently removing low-redshift interlopers for future JWST programs.
Observation of Interchange Reconnection on Mars
Authors: Lin R. T. , Huang S. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Xu S. B. , Wei Y. Y. , Xiong Q. Y. , Zhang J. , Wang Z. , Yu L.
Published: December 2023

Without a global dipole magnetic field, Mars has magnetic anomalies, i.e., crustal fields, in the southern hemisphere and interesting flexible magnetic fields in the magnetotail. The magnetic field topology is complex and flexible in the Martian magnetotail, especially over regions of strong crustal fields. However, the answer to how the magnetic field topology within crustal field regions transitions is elusive. Here we report the first case of interchange reconnection between open and closed crustal fields in the near-Mars magnetotail, using Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) observations. While MAVEN crossed from a region of closed crustal field to one of open crustal field, several characteristics of reconnection, such as the Hall magnetic field and plasma outflow, were observed. And plasmas are exchanged in the reconnection region. Our observations demonstrate that interchange reconnection can occur between open and closed crustal fields in the Martian near-magnetotail. Interchange reconnection occurring on the nightside changes the magnetic field topology within the crustal field regions and contributes to the escape of heavy ions.
Low-carbon development of Russia: problems and prospects
Authors: Nikonorov Sergey
Published: December 2023

This publication presents the results of research aiming to study the possibilities of promoting measures that could help reduce the impact on climate by replacing fossil fuels with alternative, carbon-free (renewable) energy sources, and implementing technological innovations. The study examines long-term scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions in Russia and their implications for the environment, public health and other spheres. Based on the results of the analysis, it offers recommendations on possible strategies to mitigate the impact on climate over the periods up to 2030 and 2050. These recommendations can serve the purpose of designing policies that will contribute to the implementation of the international climate agreement adopted in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Paris.
Navigating the Transition to Inclusive Online Learning in BRICS and Africa
Authors: Chetty Krish
Published: December 2023

In response to COVID-19 lockdowns, universities in Africa and BRICS nations swiftly transitioned from contact to online learning to maintain academic progress. This article explores critical questions these institutions must address to develop effective long-term online learning policies, rooted in Swartz’s (2022) Navigational Capacities framework. It highlights the risk of deepening digital inequalities if the limitations of emergency remote learning are overlooked. Focusing on the experiences of the BRICS, Ghana, Uganda, and Ethiopia, the article analyses their online learning approaches during 2020 and 2021 amidst the pandemic. This analysis, through the Navigational Capacities lens, emphasises addressing key challenges such as technology access, affordability, and digital skills. Many universities initially transferred traditional teaching methods to online platforms without a pedagogical redesign to optimise digital tools, underscoring a need for a strategic shift. Going forward, universities must understand the requirements of an effective long-term online learning programme, weighing the economic costs of such an approach. Crucially, universities across BRICS and the Global South must continue to share knowledge about these experiences as they develop policies which define an effective long-term online learning programme.
Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments: 16
Authors: Fenu Giuseppe , Cambria Salvatore , Giacò Antonio , Khabibullaev Bekhruz S. , Shomurodov Khabibullo F. , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Porrovecchio Manuela , Tavilla Gianmarco , Orsenigo Simone
Published: December 2023

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of three vascular plants according to IUCN categories and criteria are presented. It includes the assessment of Aubrieta columnae subsp. sicula, Calligonum zakirovii and Santolina decumbens subsp. tisoniana at global level.
La mise en chiffres contestée
Authors: Posselt Lukas
Published: December 2023

En étudiant les controverses nées d’une enquête sociale menée peu après la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Suisse, cet article montre comment différentes visions des causes de la pauvreté ont coexisté dans l’assistance publique. En 1946, la Conférence suisse des directeurs cantonaux de l’assistance publique organise une enquête statistique sur les « causes du paupérisme » et demande aux autorités communales d’assistance publique de classer chaque cas d’assistance selon une des causes du paupérisme. Dans un processus d’expansion de l’État social, certains responsables d’assistance attendent de cette enquête des arguments pour prouver au public l’importance de l’assistance publique dans l’après-guerre. Cette attente s’évanouit toutefois en raison d’une controverse alimentée par plusieurs critiques. L’article étudie ces critiques, retrace leurs sources historiques et contribue ainsi à une sociologie historique des savoirs de l’assistance publique.
Enhancing the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs with immune boosters: A mathematical model
Authors: Mulenga Dorcas , Anoumedem Winnie , Emerinini Blessing O. , Siewe Nourridine
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a mathematical model of severe malarial anemia (SMA), which is a complication of malaria and is a major contributor to malaria-related deaths. SMA is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin levels in the blood due to the suppression of red blood cell (RBC) recruitment by the protein macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Plasmodium falciparum, which is a malaria-causing parasite, secretes a specific form of MIF called plasmodium falciparum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (PFMIF), which affects immune cells. Artesunate, which is the primary treatment for SMA, reduces the parasite level but does not increase hemoglobin levels and can sometimes lead to hemolytic anemia, which requires a blood transfusion. To address this issue, the experimental drug Epoxyazadiradione (Epoxy) was explored as a potential treatment for SMA. Epoxy inhibits both MIF and PFMIF interactions with immune cells and has the potential to increase hemoglobin levels in SMA patients. Our model simulations support previous findings that the appropriate combination of Artesunate with Epoxy can reduce parasite load while preventing anemia by maintaining hemoglobin levels at an adequate level. Additionally, we explored the impact of immune boosters on the anti-malarial drugs Artesunate and Epoxy and discovered that an insufficient amount of drugs is ineffective, while an excessive amount may not be beneficial.
An improved Kalman filter algorithm for tightly GNSS/INS integrated navigation system
Authors: Yuan Yuelin , Li Fei , Chen Jialiang , Wang Yu , Liu Kai
Published: December 2023

The Kalman filter based on singular value decomposition (SVD) can sufficiently reduce the accumulation of rounding errors and is widely used in various applications with numerical calculations. However, in order to improve the filtering performance and adaptability in a tightly GNSS/INS (Global Navigation Satellite System and Inertial Navigation System) integrated navigation system, we propose an improved robust method to satisfy the requirements. To solve the issue of large fluctuations in GNSS signals faced by the conventional method that uses a fixed noise covariance, the proposed method constructs a correction variable through the innovation and the new matrix which is obtained by performing SVD on the original matrix, dynamically correcting the noise covariance and has better robustness. In addition, the derived SVD form of the information filter (IF) extends its application. The proposed method has higher positioning accuracy and can be better applied to tightly coupled GNSS/INS navigation simulations and physical experiments. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional Kalman algorithm based on SVD, the proposed algorithm*s maximum error is reduced by 45.77%. Compared with the traditional IF algorithm, the root mean squared error of the proposed IF algorithm in the form of SVD is also reduced by 4.7%.
Design of a reinforcement learning-based intelligent car transfer planning system for parking lots
Authors: Guo Feng , Xu Haiyu , Xu Peng , Guo Zhiwei
Published: December 2023

In this study, a car transfer planning system for parking lots was designed based on reinforcement learning. The car transfer planning system for parking lots is an intelligent parking management system that is designed by using reinforcement learning techniques. The system features autonomous decision-making, intelligent path planning and efficient resource utilization. And the problem is solved by constructing a Markov decision process and using a dynamic planning-based reinforcement learning algorithm. The system has the advantage of looking to the future and using reinforcement learning to maximize its expected returns. And this is in contrast to manual transfer planning which relies on traditional thinking. In the context of this paper on parking lots, the states of the two locations form a finite set. The system ultimately seeks to find a strategy that is beneficial to the long-term development of the operation. It aims to prioritize strategies that have positive impacts in the future, rather than those that are focused solely on short-term benefits. To evaluate strategies, as its basis the system relies on the expected return of a state from now to the future. This approach allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the potential outcomes and ensures the selection of strategies that align with long-term goals. Experimental results show that the system has high performance and robustness in the area of car transfer planning for parking lots. By using reinforcement learning techniques, parking lot management systems can make autonomous decisions and plan optimal paths to achieve efficient resource utilization and reduce parking time.
Improving Student Learning Outcomes Using Powtoon Media Apps
Authors: Toharudin Uus , Kurniawan Iwan Setia
Published: December 2023

21st-century learning requires us to utilize technology to enhance learning. Powtoon is one of the media that can be used. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that the utilization of Powtoon video media can enhance student learning outcomes regarding the excretory system. This research utilizes a pre-experimental method employing a one-group pretest-posttest design. This research involved 80 students who were divided into three groups: the upper group, the middle group, and the lower group. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique employs a quantitative analysis approach. The research results show that: 1). the learning outcomes in the top group showed an N-gain of 0.68. 2) The learning outcomes in the medium group had an N-gain of 0.57. 3) The learning outcomes in the top group showed an N-gain of 0.66. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Powtoon video media can enhance student learning outcomes. We recommend that if Powtoon media is used and created with greater creativity, it can effectively support the learning process.
Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Their Views on Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Şen Şenol , Temel Senar
Published: December 2023

This chapter aims to analyze the changes in pre-service teachers' views of problem-based learning and the effects of problem-based learning on their self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 29 pre-service teachers in total took part in this study. Self-efficacy for problem-based learning scale and a semi-structured interview form were used as data collection tools. Paired samples t-test was used in analyzing the quantitative data while content analysis was used in analyzing the qualitative data. On evaluating the results obtained in general, the fact that the pre-service teachers' self-efficacy did not change at the end of the problem-based learning application and that their views of problem-based learning were not at the desired level could be attributed to the fact that they did not have the opportunity to practice problem-based learning during their undergraduate education.
Extraction of Bio-Based Carbon Materials from Agricultural Waste as Additives for the Development of an Eco-Friendly Bio-Based Grease
Authors: Dube Ndabezinhle Ngubhe , Noby Hussien , Nassef Mohamed G.A. , Zkria Abdelrahman , Naragino Hiroshi , El Kady Marwa F.
Published: December 2023

Harvesting large quantities of bananas produces tons of banana peel waste, which causes serious environmental problems in Egypt. Therefore, this study presented the transformation of banana peel waste into nanoactivated carbon for use as a nanoadditive in developing jojoba oil-based bio-grease. To extract nanoactivated carbon, banana peel waste (BP) was thermochemically treated by carbonization, activation, and combined activation/carbonization. The prepared samples were characterized using SEM and XRD. Particle sizes, as calculated by the XRD data for BP, Carbonized banana peels (CBP), carbonized/activated banana peels (CABP), and activated/carbonized (ACBP) were 113.24 nm, 96.56 nm, 86.18 nm, and 93.60 nm respectively. CABP of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 wt.% was mixed with jojoba oil and lithium stearate thickener to prepare the grease. Grease samples were tested for copper corrosion and dropping points. The lowest corrosiveness (1a) and highest dropping point (109 °C) were observed for grease, which had the highest weight of CABP (1.5 wt.%). It was evident that the addition of CABP to the prepared bio-greases had a positive impact on the grease properties.
Synthesis of Li-Ion Battery Cathode Material: Conversion of Cheap Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate to High Performance LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2
Authors: Hakam Miftakhul , Arinawati Meidiana , Chairinnisa Afifah Nur , Adristy Rheina Jelita , Yudha Cornelius Satria , Purwanto Agus
Published: December 2023

The cathode material of the lithium-ion battery in this study is LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) with a mole ratio of Ni, Mn, and Co respectively 5:3:2. The purpose of this research was aimed for direct using of MHP as the nickel source to NMC532 as cathode material can greatly reduce the overall production cost due to shorter supply chain of nickel which is beneficial for commercialization of cathode material. The Mix Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) was leached by acetic acid to earn nickel acetate. Then, to make NMC532 by co-precipitation method, the nickel acetate was reacted with MnSO4.H2O, CoSO4.7H2O, and C2H2O4.2H2O. Based on the XRD and FTIR analysis, NMC532 exhibited a high crystalline layered structure with no observable impurity peaks even with the presence of impurities such as other metals or organic groups contained in MHP. SEM images showed homogenous particles with polycrystalline morphology. Charge-discharge analysis performed in cylindrical cell type 18650 showed promising results such as excellent cycle performances with specific charge capacity 179.14 mAh/g and specific discharge capacity 111.19 mAh/g. The rate ability could perform stable in every current density (0.1C, 1C, 4C, 8C, and 16C) and retested again in 0.1C with the initial capacity 90.89 mAh/g. The overall process can be considered as cheap and economically attractive to be adapted at industrial scale.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Membrane from Corn (Zea mays) Husk as Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Membrane
Authors: Dyartanti Endah Retno , Majid Fairuz Yasmin , Adriari Visista Mahisi , Widodo Diyan Wahyu , Albuni Sukma Budi Utomo
Published: December 2023

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained popularity and the attention of numerous researchers in recent times because of their benefits. The separator membrane is one of the most important parts of the LIB. Separator membranes are made of polymeric materials, one of which is cellulose acetate (CA). In this study, we synthesize CA from corn husk. There are 2 methodological ways in this study, namely the synthesis of CA which consists of delignification and acetylation, and fabrication of PVDF/ CA/ Nanoclay electrolyte membrane with variation of CA PVDF (0%:100, 10%: 90%, 20%: 80%, 30%: 70%, 50%: 50%). The synthesis of CA from corn husk exhibits XRD results which were comparable to the peak of commercial CA. Meanwhile, the PVDF/ CA-Nanoclay-based separator membrane with the composition of 50% PVDF and 50% CA had the best characterization results with an electrolyte uptake value of 139.649% and a porosity value of 79.11%. Based on the attained results, the CA extracted from corn husk in this study is applicable to use for the fabrication of electrolyte membrane.
Hierarchical CoP@NiMn-P Nanocomposites Grown on Carbon Cloth for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Wu Bi , Zhao Jian Wei , Qin Li Rong , Xiang Yuan Ji
Published: December 2023

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are potential candidates for supercapacitors. To improve their performance by adjusting their morphology and composition, hierarchical CoP@NiMn-P nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method, electrodeposition, and low-temperature phosphorization. NiMn-P nanosheets were coated on CoP nanowires to form a hierarchical structure. Electrochemical analysis results indicated that the specific capacitance reached 2162.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with a high capacitance retention ratio of 83.3% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g-1. This excellent electrochemical performance was attributed to the large specific surface area and enhanced conductivity. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor, CoP@NiMn-P//AC, was prepared using CoP@NiMn-P as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode. A large voltage window of 1.6 V and high energy density of 21.1 Wh kg-1 at 804.3 W kg-1 with a good capacity retention rate were achieved. The results confirm that CoP@NiMn-P has good potential for application in high-performance energy storage devices and provide a reference for the design of phosphide with morphology/composition optimization.
International Experience and Prospects for the 3D Concrete Printing Development
Authors: Adamtsevich Liubov , Pustovgar Andrey , Adamtsevich Aleksey
Published: December 2023

The concept of Industry 4.0, which is considered the fourth industrial revolution, includes the collective concepts of technologies such as the Internet of Things, virtual and augmented reality, information modeling technologies, printed electronics, artificial intelligence, etc. One of the most dynamically developing technologies within Industry 4.0 are additive technologies, including additive construction production (construction 3D printing) using concrete as an extruded material (3D Concrete Printing technology or 3DCP in international terminology). The article presents an overview of international experience in the development of 3D construction printing based on publications presented in the international Scopus database. The main vectors for the development of additive technologies, including 3D construction printing, as well as promising research in this area, are determined.
A Study on Shore D Hardness of Areca Husk Fibre Reinforced Polyester Resin Composite: Impact of Fibre Maturity
Authors: Chethan G. , Sunil K.C. , Maddani Mahagundappa R. , Narayana Y.
Published: December 2023

Areca husk fibre is an agro-waste natural fibre that can be used in reinforced resin composites due to its low density, low cost and higher mechanical strength. Hard composites have applications in the packing industry and automobile industries. Over the years, researchers have been trying to develop lightweight, cheaper and efficient materials for them in daily life. In the present study, the Shore-D hardness level of chemically surface-modified unripe and ripe Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) reinforced polyester resin composites have been investigated. The unripe and ripe AHF are chemically treated through mercerization, potassium permanganate treatment, benzoylation, acrylation and acetylation methodologies to change their fibre-matrix bonding ability. The composites of chemically treated unripe and ripe AHF-reinforced polyester resin composites are fabricated, polyester resin as matrix material and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) as a hardener. The Shore-D analysis was carried out to study the hardness properties of the composites. In conclusion, The acrylation treated AHF polyester resin composite shows a better harness among the other chemically treatments. Although, the fibre maturity of AHF increases the composite hardness except for benzoylation and acetylation chemical treatments. AHF-reinforced polyester resins can be used as hard materials in various applications such as automobile sectors, the packaging industry and more.
Natural Rubber Latex as a Sustainable Alternative Binder for Pigment Printing of Textiles
Authors: Boonskulsopit Kulissara , Setthayanond Jantip , Techametheekul Korntip W. , Tooptompong Porntip
Published: December 2023

Pigment printing requires binder to assist adherence of pigment particles on the textile surface. The binders used industrially are synthetic types that need relatively high curing temperature (higher than 110°C), consequently, bringing about harmful environmental pollution if a proper pollution control and treatment are not taken into account. Nowadays, changes in world environmental protection scheme have been encouraging a development of sustainable textile products aiming to reduce an adverse environmental impact arising from textile production. At present, both textile manufacturers and users have increasingly seen eye to eye on using natural alternatives in substitute of the synthetic chemicals. In this research, natural rubber latex, an abundantly available natural material, was utilized as a binder to replace the commercial synthetic binder for textile pigment printing. The study was performed on the knit fabrics of cotton (single jersey and rib knits) and nylon (interlock knit). It was observed from the results that natural rubber latex added to the print paste (recipes R50, R70 and R90) exhibited a superior thickening effect (increasing viscosity) to the print paste with improved color strength and color fastness to washing obtained on the prints to those containing the synthetic binder (T®). Moreover, natural rubber latex could well also act as a binder for pigment printing by rendering adhesion of pigment onto cotton and nylon fabrics even under room-temperature drying condition (recipe NR90-2). It was not necessary to dry and cure the print at high temperature when natural rubber latex was employed. Hence, energy-and cost-saving pigment printing process could be established with this sustainable natural material.
Fabrication of Graphene-Modified Polyvinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene Porous Polymeric Flat Sheet Membranes
Authors: Fuko Maud Gracious , Noby Hussien , Zkria Abdelrahman , El Shazly Ahmed Hassan
Published: December 2023

We report the fabrication of porous hydrophobic flat sheet membranes composed of polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP), which is incorporated with graphene (GNP) concentrations of (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 wt.%) as the hydrophobic filler. FTIR, XRD, and SEM results were used to analyze the composites' functional groups, crystallinity and surface morphology. The water contact angles were 116 ±1.2°; 120 ±0.9°; 126 ±0.7°; 130 ±0.6° for pristine, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 0.8 wt% of GNP membranes, respectively. Moreover, the graphene incorporation enhanced the fabricated polymer's ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The UTS was as follows 2.4±0.01, 5.43±0.02, 7.485±0.015 and 6±0.01MPa for pristine, 0.2 wt% GNP, 0.5 wt% GNP and 0.8 wt% GNP respectively. The highest UTS was (7.485 ±0.015 MPa) for the 0.5 wt% GNP. Graphene incorporation (0.5 wt%) enhanced the membranes’ porosity (78 ±1.9%). This study explored the effect of graphene to improve the flat sheet membranes' mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and porosity, which can then be applied in desalination using membrane distillation to mitigate clean water shortages and crises.
Cracking the code: Can forensic genetics distinguish identical twins? A technical perspective
Authors: Kattamreddy A. R.
Published: December 2023

DNA fingerprinting has revolutionized the field of forensic investigation in recent times. The utility of DNA fingerprinting technology in differentiating between monozygotic twins has always been an area of academic interest for researchers. While traditional chiral fingerprinting effectively differentiates monozygotic twins, situations may arise where the absence of conventional fingerprints at a crime scene necessitates DNA analysis for conclusive identification. Although Short Tandem Repeats (STR) profiling is of not much help in that case, monozygotic twins can still be differentiated using current advancements in the field of forensic genetics. The methods that can help discriminate between identical twins are mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) analysis, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) profiling, Epigenetic profiling (DNA methylation profiling), Copy Number Variants (CNV) profiling, and studying Single Nucleotide Variants (SNV) in the genetic material by traditional sequencing methods like sanger sequencing or advanced methods like Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). In conclusion, these alternative methods may be able to distinguish between monozygotic twins, but they also have drawbacks that must be considered when using them in real-world crime investigations. To establish their accuracy, dependability, and application in forensic situations, more study, validation, and standardization are required. A combination strategy will strengthen the case and lessen the fallacy of individual profiling methods.