bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPTS OF EARLY URDU FICTION WRITERS
Authors: Altaf Sanobar
Published: October 2022

In the days when novel was appearing in Urdu due to European influences, literature was inspired by social and developmental concepts in Europe. In sub-continent, however, modern movements under the influence of British colonialism were dominated by socio-political aspects. Inevitably, its influence on the early Urdu fiction writers was profound. In this regard, the purpose of the Sir Syed's movement, its literary and social aspects and their influence was very prominent. It was acting as the first wave of modernity among Indian Muslims. Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, the first Urdu novelist considered an important part of “Arkaan e khumsa”. His ideas about the novel are reflected in the preface that was part of his early publications. Similarly, other early Urdu novelist like Abdul Haleem Sharer, Ratan Nath Sarshar, Mirza Hadi Ruswa and Premchand have explained the concept and purpose of the novel in their articles. This article takes account of these concepts in light of their fictional works.
Análise Exploratória de Dados para Identificar o Impacto da Pandemia da COVID-19 no ENEM dos Estados do Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí
Authors: Weber Neto Nelson , Soares Raimundo C. , Coutinho Luciano R. , Teles Ariel S.
Published: October 2022

No Brasil, o principal exame de avaliação do desempenho educacional do ensino básico é o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), o qual é também usado para entrada de estudantes no ensino superior. No ano de 2020, com a chegada do vírus da COVID-19, as instituições de nível básico precisaram alterar seu modelo educacional com ensino presencial para o uso de metodologias de ensino remoto. Este trabalho objetiva identificar os principais impactos causados pela pandemia no ENEM nos estados do Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí, no seu primeiro ano. Para isso, é realizado uma análise exploratória de dados do ENEM de 2019, ano anterior ao início da pandemia, e do ENEM de 2020, primeiro ano da pandemia. Os resultados mostram uma melhora no desempenho geral dos estados, um aumento no número de inscritos que não compareceram à prova, e um crescimento da desigualdade entre os participantes provenientes de instituições públicas e privadas.
Fake News Detection Based on Explicit and Implicit Signals of a Hybrid Crowd: Proposal, Impacts and Perspectives
Authors: Freire Paulo Márcio Souza , Goldschmidt Ronaldo Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

The problem of automatic Fake News detection in digital media of news distribution (DMND - e.g., social networks,online newspaper) has become even more relevant. Among the main detection approaches, the one based on crowd signals from DMND users has stood out by obtaining promising results. Although promising, the Crowd Signals approach has a significant limitation: it depends on the explicit user opinion (which is not always available) about the classification of news. Facing this limitation, the present work raises the hypothesis that it is possible to build models of Fake News detection with a performance comparable to the Crowd Signals based approach, avoiding the dependence on the explicit opinion of DMND users. To validate this hypothesis, the present work proposes HCS, an approach based on crowd signals that considers implicit user opinions instead of the explicit ones. The implicit opinions are inferred from the behavior of users concerning the dissemination of the news. Inspired in Meta-Learning, the HCS can also use the explicit opinions from machines (news classification models) to complement the implicit user opinions by means of hybrid Crowds. Experiments presented significant evidence that confirms the raised hypothesis.
MannaKDT: Uma abordagem prática para aprendizagem multimodal e multidimensional da Educação 5.0
Authors: Silva Felippe Fernandes da , Aylon Linnyer Beatryz Ruiz
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic affected several areas of society over the years 2020 and 2021. One of these areas was education, more precisely, teaching methodologies in the face-to-face environment. Some questions will be listed below: (i) how to help a student in the remote learning process?; (ii) how to transmit knowledge without being inside a classroom?; (iii) how to enable access to remote education?; (iv) how to integrate the student into the post-pandemic scenario, combining the modalities of remote and face-to-face teaching? Therefore, seeking solutions to such questions, this work proposes a methodology to enable the teaching and dissemination of knowledge in informal or semi-formal learning spaces. To achieve this objective, this research developed a practical approach in education 5.0 that contains the creation of the teaching environment together with the application of electronics, robotics and IoT kits and the application of pre and post-tests. With the results obtained, it was found that the application of the courses, together with the creation of the multimodal environment, helped to awaken the student’s interest in technological areas in the midst of the pandemic, in addition to understanding, logical reasoning and critical and computational thinking of the student.
Nonlinear State Dependent Sliding Sector Control of Gimbal Systems
Authors: BIRINCI Burak Eren , ÖZKAN Özkan , SALAMCI Metin Uymaz
Published: October 2022

Sliding Sector Control (SSC) design method for nonlinear systems is proposed in such a way that the system trajectories are kept around a nonlinear sliding surface which is surrounded by a nonlinear sliding sector. The SSC for the nonlinear system is derived so that the system trajectories are enforced to stay inside the sliding sector for tracking requirements. State-Dependent Differential Riccati Equations (SDDRE) are solved to design the nonlinear sliding surface for the nonlinear dynamical system. Within this context, SSC having nonlinear(or state-dependent) sliding surfaces are used to have a viable solution for the problem formulation. The evolving solutions of the Differential Riccati Equations are used to create the sliding surface which is kept inside the designed sliding sector so that the stability of the nonlinear system is ensured. The proposed SSC method is experimentally tested by applying it to an inner axis of a two axes gimbal system.
Digitale Unterstützung von Alltagsbedarfen Jugendlicher
Authors: Kortekaas Caroline , Zurbrügg Eva , Zorn Isabel
Published: October 2022

Klient:innen der Jugend- und Eingliederungshilfe sollen Unterstützung bei der selbstständigen Lebensführung und Alltagsbewältigung erhalten. Dazu wird das Potenzial digitaler Technologien zur Alltagsbewältigung untersucht. Einsatz finden diese Technologien bisher vorrangig auf Organisationsebene, aber nicht zur Alltagsbewältigung. Der Beitrag zeigt die Sichtweise von Fachkräften der Jugend- und Eingliederungshilfe auf Alltagsbedarfe der Klient:innen und Ideen für den Einsatz digitaler Technologien.
Datenbasierte integrierte Sozial- und Finanzplanung
Authors: Lange Annika , Scholz Nadja , Mayer Marie-Theres
Published: October 2022

Soziale Dienstleistungen zielgerichtet und nachhaltig für Menschen in unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen steuern - wie kann das gelingen? Die Berliner Verwaltung hat unter Federführung der Senatsverwaltung für Finanzen im Januar 2022 den SoFinData-Prototyp für ein ressortübergreifendes Datenmanagementsystem veröffentlicht. Damit soll aufgezeigt werden, ob und wie ein „evidenzbasierter Seismograph“ Entscheidungsträger:innen und Expert:innen der Bereiche Pflege, Eingliederungshilfe und Hilfen zur Erziehung als Informations- und Analysetool unterstützen kann, Fach- und Finanzplanung zusammen zu denken und sich ressortübergreifend über gesellschaftliche Probleme und Entwicklungen sowie Steuerungsfragen verständigen zu können. Dafür wurden Daten aus unterschiedlichsten Quellen und Formaten beispielhaft extrahiert und zentral aufbereitet. Perspektivisch sollen Analysen und Prognosen ermöglicht, das Berichtswesen verfeinert und die Daten adressat:innengerecht als Dashboards aufbereitet werden. Das Projekt wurde durch das Fraunhofer-Institut FOKUS wissenschaftlich begleitet und maßgeblich in der technischen Umsetzung unterstützt.
Wenn Beschäftigte die Regeln brechen
Authors: Böhme Christian , Mroß Michael
Published: October 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag geht aus einer empirischen Studie hervor, welche insbesondere den Einfluss von Verwaltungsstrukturen auf die Public Service Motivation und die Regeltreue von Beschäftigten im öffentlichen Sektor untersucht. Die Studienergebnisse verdeutlichen, wie Beschäftigte der öffentlichen Verwaltung gegebene Strukturen wahrnehmen und welchen Einfluss als förderlich oder hemmend empfundene Strukturen auf die Motivation ausüben, mithin ihre Bereitschaft beeinflussen, gegen vorhandene Strukturen und Regeln zu verstoßen.
Astrodynamics in Photogravitational Field of the Sun: Space Flights with a Solar Sail
Authors: Polyakhova Elena , Korolev Vladimir
Published: October 2022

Mathematical models of the controlled motion of a spacecraft with a solar sail and the possibilities are considered, taking into account the translational motion in the gravitational field, the forces of light pressure, and rotational motion relative to the center of mass. The structure of possible problems of photogravitational celestial mechanics is proposed. To control movement, it is possible to change the size, shape, surface properties, and orientation of the elements of the sail system in relation to the flow of sunlight. The equations of motion can be presented on the basis of the problem of motion in a photogravitational field, taking into account the action of other disturbing forces. When studying the orbits of motion in the vicinity of the Earth, one should use a more general model of the photogravitational field of the restricted three-body problem. In this case, the gravitational action of the Sun and the Earth is supplemented by the field of forces of light pressure, which makes it possible to simulate real problems of dynamics.
Free Actions of Compact Lie Groups on Manifolds
Authors: Fernando Vilamaior Paiva Thales
Published: October 2022

If a compact Lie group G acts freely on a manifold X, the resulting orbit space X/G is itself a manifold. This text is concerned with the existence of such actions as well as the cohomological classification of the respective orbit spaces by using some known tools of equivariant cohomology theory and spectral sequences.
Circular Economy in Buildings
Authors: Gethsemane Akhimien Noah , Abdullah Al Tawheed Ahmed , Latif Eshrar , Shan Hou Shan
Published: October 2022

This chapter is centred on waste management in buildings. It discusses the principles of applying circular economy in buildings toward resource efficiency with regard to the building sector. The study investigates a series of building assessments and reviews different aspects of energy efficiency as it relates to circular economy in buildings. It recommends the best practices to ensure the reuse and recycling of building components during and after the life of a building. The world is experiencing huge resource depletion and it is eminent to research the waste management practices in the building industry, Circular Economy offers major interventions in buildings which are explored in this chapter, another aspect of the discussion in this chapter is the design for disassembly and design for recycling under the concepts of circular economy.
Perspective Chapter: Environmental-Friendly Agro Waste Management
Authors: Patra Manabendra , Sahu Duryodhan
Published: October 2022

Abundant amount of agro wastes is produced day by day globally to manage the escalating needs of billons of human population. The agro wastes are produced from various sources mainly crops left out, agro industries, aquaculture, and livestock. The major ingredient of agro wastes are of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, etc. Conventionally, most of the crops left out were used for composting, animal fodder, domestic fuel, etc. Due to modernization technology in agriculture sector, people from Third World countries prefer cost-effective methods such as combustion process. Improper management of agro waste generated in the process has been contributing toward escalating air, soil, and water pollution. A proper environmental-friendly management of agro waste is the need of the time for sustainability, food, and health security of human. Lignin and hemicellulose can be used for generation of biofuels and biofertilizer. Cellulose can be sustainably used for the production of nanosilica, biodegradable polymer, paper, pulp, etc. This chapter emphasizes sustainable agro waste management without affecting the environment at lower cost in timely manner. In particular, the agro waste biomass could be used as a source of value-added bio-product, which has wide applications and impacts the bio-economy without hampering the climatic change issue.
Pott’s Paraplegia
Authors: Ahmed Nazmin , Shahidul Islam Khan Md. , Kamrul Ahsan Md.
Published: October 2022

Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health issue which is one of the main causes of disability. In regions with high TB incidence, Pott’s disease, also known as spinal tuberculosis, is also highly prevalent. Osteoarticular tuberculosis, which affects 1–2% of people with tuberculosis, is always a secondary infection that individuals with primary TB elsewhere in the body have. The most serious kind of bone TB is Pott’s paraplegia. The spinal cord is compressed, there is a gradual neurologic loss, and there may be deformity as the infection often starts from the vertebral body with noticeable damage and creation of a cold abscess. The management and treatment of spinal TB is challenging and intricate. Despite the availability of cutting-edge surgical techniques, imaging modalities, and anti-tubercular chemotherapy, managing Pott’s paraplegia can be challenging, particularly for those strains having multidrug resistant capacity. In order to achieve the desired neurological outcome, therapy should be tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are the main initial challenges in the management. The pathophysiology, imaging differential diagnosis, neuroimaging characteristics, surgical choice, and neurological prognosis of Pott’s paraplegia patients from previous literatures have been highlighted in this chapter.
Olfactory Imagery and Emotional Control
Authors: R. Portner Martin
Published: October 2022

Olfaction and gustation are important survival mechanisms. These sensory modalities also have an impact on memory and emotions. Olfactory stimulation has recently been used in virtual reality environments to treat emotional distress. There is evidence that olfactory and gustatory stimuli reach the insula, where they influence a number of other brain networks. There is little research on the use of smell and taste during mindfulness, but it will be shown that they can foster balanced emotional responses. In this chapter, we will look at how to incorporate olfactory and gustatory memory-based experiences during mindfulness exercises to bring about emotional homeostasis.
Identifying Prerequisite Courses in Undergraduate Biology Using Machine Learning
Authors: Lee Youngjin
Published: October 2022

Many undergraduate students who matriculated in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degree programs drop out or switch their major. Previous studies indicate that performance of students in prerequisite courses is important for attrition of students in STEM. This study analyzed demographic information, ACT/SAT score, and performance of students in freshman year courses to develop machine learning models predicting their success in earning a bachelor’s degree in biology. The predictive model based on Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) showed a better performance in terms of AUC (Area Under the Curve) with more balanced sensitivity and specificity than Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Neural Network (NN) models. An explainable machine learning approach called break-down was employed to identify important freshman year courses that could have a larger impact on student success at the biology degree program and student levels. More important courses identified at the program level can help program coordinators to prioritize their effort in addressing student attrition while more important courses identified at the student level can help academic advisors to provide more personalized, data-driven guidance to students.
El uso de Wuolah como herramienta de colectividad en el ámbito universitario: docencia colaborativa y cultura participativa
Authors: García-Estévez Noelia , Ballesteros-Aguayo Lucia
Published: October 2022

El desarrollo de colectividades interconectadas en red presenta múltiples posibilidades en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, al tiempo que plantea nuevos retos para el profesorado. Este artículo realiza un estudio de casos de la plataforma Wuolah con el fin de estudiar el papel de las TICs y de plataformas colaborativas en el ámbito docente universitario y su capacidad para desarrollar experiencias colectivas de aprendizaje y potenciar una cultura participativa y prosumidora.

Concretamente, son objetivos de esta investigación analizar la plataforma Wuolah, conocer la percepción que tienen de la misma el alumnado y el profesorado, así como estudiar la representación del estudiantado creador de contenido (prosumidor) y la del alumnado consumidor del mismo.

Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una triangulación metodológica, basada principalmente en seis entrevistas semiestructuradas al profesorado y al alumnado y una encuesta (n=278) al estudiantado.

Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que Wuolah es la plataforma para compartir apuntes más popular entre el alumnado encuestado que valora muy positivamente su utilidad. El profesorado, en cambio, parte de un importante desconocimiento junto con ciertas reticencias con respecto a su posible contribución en la dinámica docente.

Finalmente, se concluye las metodologías colaborativas no han impactado en las aulas universitarias pese al interés tanto por parte del alumnado de Universidad como por parte del profesorado sobre la necesidad de incorporar en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la práctica docente herramientas de la Web 2.0.
Military Police – a New Stage: Reflections on the Textbook "Organization of the Activities of the Military Police of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"
Authors: Bol'shakova Valentina Mikhailovna , Utyuganov Aleksei Anatol'evich
Published: October 2022

The article examines the recently published textbook "Organization of the activities of the military police of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" under the general editorship of V.V. Ershov, S.V. Kuralenko, S.V. Surovikin, published in 2022 at the Russian State University of Justice. The textbook reflects a wide range of issues: the main activities, functions and powers of the military police; general issues of the organization of its activities; organization of its legal education activities; features of military service in it; activities of the military police to ensure law and order and military discipline in the military; organization of its activities in the field of criminal justice; organization of proceedings on cases of administrative offenses, participation in the consideration by the courts of materials on gross disciplinary offenses; organization of its activities on search, detention, escort and application of criminal penalties to military personnel; security functions of the military police and functions to ensure state protection; functions to ensure road safety and other issues. The content of the textbook must be recognized as necessary and sufficient in describing and justifying the issues of organizing the activities of the national military police. The authors give a description of the publication under consideration, and also make proposals to change the current legislation regulating the activities of the military police. So it is proposed to state Article 9 of the Statute of the Military Police of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following wording: "9. The military police in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, this Charter and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.".
Vinculin recruitment to α-catenin halts the differentiation and maturation of enterocyte progenitors to maintain homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine
Authors: Bohere Jerome , Eldridge-Thomas Buffy L , Kolahgar Golnar
Published: October 2022

Mechanisms communicating changes in tissue stiffness and size are particularly relevant in the intestine because it is subject to constant mechanical stresses caused by peristalsis of its variable content. Using the Drosophila intestinal epithelium, we investigate the role of vinculin, one of the best characterised mechanoeffectors, which functions in both cadherin and integrin adhesion complexes. We discovered that vinculin regulates cell fate decisions, by preventing precocious activation and differentiation of intestinal progenitors into absorptive cells. It achieves this in concert with α-catenin at sites of cadherin adhesion, rather than as part of integrin function. Following asymmetric division of the stem cell into a stem cell and an enteroblast (EB), the two cells initially remain connected by adherens junctions, where vinculin is required, only on the EB side, to maintain the EB in a quiescent state and inhibit further divisions of the stem cell. By manipulating cell tension, we show that vinculin recruitment to adherens junction regulates EB activation and numbers. Consequently, removing vinculin results in an enlarged gut with improved resistance to starvation. Thus, mechanical regulation at the contact between stem cells and their progeny is used to control tissue cell number.
Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice
Authors: Inada Kengo , Tsujimoto Kazoku , Yoshida Masahide , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Miyamichi Kazunari
Published: October 2022

Decades of studies have revealed molecular and neural circuit bases for body weight homeostasis. Neural hormone oxytocin (Oxt) has received attention in this context because it is produced by neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), a known output center of hypothalamic regulation of appetite. Oxt has an anorexigenic effect, as shown in human studies, and can mediate satiety signals in rodents. However, the function of Oxt signaling in the physiological regulation of appetite has remained in question, because whole-body knockout (KO) of Oxt or Oxt receptor (Oxtr) has little effect on food intake. We herein show that acute conditional KO (cKO) of Oxt selectively in the adult PVH, but not in the supraoptic nucleus, markedly increases body weight and food intake, with an elevated level of plasma triglyceride and leptin. Intraperitoneal administration of Oxt rescues the hyperphagic phenotype of the PVH Oxt cKO model. Furthermore, we show that cKO of Oxtr selectively in the posterior hypothalamic regions, especially the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, a primary center for appetite regulations, phenocopies hyperphagic obesity. Collectively, these data reveal that Oxt signaling in the arcuate nucleus suppresses excessive food intake.
COVID-19 cluster size and transmission rates in schools from crowdsourced case reports
Authors: Tupper Paul , Pai Shraddha ,   COVID Schools Canada, Colijn Caroline
Published: October 2022

The role of schools in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is controversial, with some claiming they are an important driver of the pandemic and others arguing that transmission in schools is negligible. School cluster reports that have been collected in various jurisdictions are a source of data about transmission in schools. These reports consist of the name of a school, a date, and the number of students known to be infected. We provide a simple model for the frequency and size of clusters in this data, based on random arrivals of index cases at schools who then infect their classmates with a highly variable rate, fitting the overdispersion evident in the data. We fit our model to reports from four Canadian provinces, providing estimates of mean and dispersion for cluster size, as well as the distribution of the instantaneous transmission parameter β, whilst factoring in imperfect ascertainment. According to our model with parameters estimated from the data, in all four provinces (i) more than 65% of non-index cases occur in the 20% largest clusters, and (ii) reducing instantaneous transmission rate and the number of contacts a student has at any given time are effective in reducing the total number of cases, whereas strict bubbling (keeping contacts consistent over time) does not contribute much to reduce cluster sizes. We predict strict bubbling to be more valuable in scenarios with substantially higher transmission rates.
A tug of war between filament treadmilling and myosin induced contractility generates actin rings
Authors: Ni Qin , Wagh Kaustubh , Pathni Aashli , Ni Haoran , Vashisht Vishavdeep , Upadhyaya Arpita , Papoian Garegin A
Published: October 2022

In most eukaryotic cells, actin filaments assemble into a shell-like actin cortex under the plasma membrane, controlling cellular morphology, mechanics, and signaling. The actin cortex is highly polymorphic, adopting diverse forms such as the ring-like structures found in podosomes, axonal rings, and immune synapses. The biophysical principles that underlie the formation of actin rings and cortices remain unknown. Using a molecular simulation platform called MEDYAN, we discovered that varying the filament treadmilling rate and myosin concentration induces a finite size phase transition in actomyosin network structures. We found that actomyosin networks condense into clusters at low treadmilling rates or high myosin concentrations but form ring-like or cortex-like structures at high treadmilling rates and low myosin concentrations. This mechanism is supported by our corroborating experiments on live T cells, which exhibit ring-like actin networks upon activation by stimulatory antibody. Upon disruption of filament treadmilling or enhancement of myosin activity, the pre-existing actin rings are disrupted into actin clusters or collapse towards the network center respectively. Our analyses suggest that the ring-like actin structure is a preferred state of low mechanical energy, which is, importantly, only reachable at sufficiently high treadmilling rates.
A systematic review of routing attacks detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Alansari Zainab , Anuar Nor Badrul , Kamsin Amirrudin , Belgaum Mohammad Riyaz
Published: October 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of hundreds, or thousands of sensor nodes distributed over a wide area and used as the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to benefit many home users and autonomous systems industries. With many users adopting WSN-based IoT technology, ensuring that the sensor’s information is protected from attacks is essential. Many attacks interrupt WSNs, such as Quality of Service (QoS) attacks, malicious nodes, and routing attacks. To combat these attacks, especially on the routing attacks, we need to detect the attacker nodes and prevent them from any access to WSN. Although some survey studies on routing attacks have been published, a lack of systematic studies on detecting WSN routing attacks can be seen in the literature. This study enhances the topic with a taxonomy of current and emerging detection techniques for routing attacks in wireless sensor networks to improve QoS. This article uses a PRISMA flow diagram for a systematic review of 87 articles from 2016 to 2022 based on eight routing attacks: wormhole, sybil, Grayhole/selective forwarding, blackhole, sinkhole, replay, spoofing, and hello flood attacks. The review also includes an evaluation of the metrics and criteria used to evaluate performance. Researchers can use this article to fill in any information gaps within the WSN routing attack detection domain.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF INGREDIENTS OF HARITAKYADI YOGA IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Rahul Katkar , Shanke Upadhyay Prem , Nath G.
Published: October 2022

Haritakyadi Yoga is used to treat Urinary tract infections, as mentioned in the Ayurvedic literature. In the present study, Haritakyadi Yoga formulation has been screened for antibacterial activity against selected bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was performed by the broth dilution method. The Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method studied the zone of inhibition at 2 and 4 mg/ml concentrations in DMSO solution. Nitrofurantoin drugs (5 µg/ml) were used as a reference control for the antibacterial study. The zone of inhibition study revealed concentration dependant nature of the extract with better effectiveness against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. The Haritakyadi Yoga formulation and individual components exhibited antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains responsible for Urinary tract infection.
A REVIEW AND UPDATING OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF PERFORMANCE ACTING SOME SPICES & MEDICINAL HERBALS FROM AYURVEDA PROTOCOL VS COVID-19
Authors: Aulesa Carlos , Macedo Anita
Published: October 2022

The publication and worldwide diffusion of the Ayurveda treatment of COVID-19 and the vital role that spices, and medicinal herbals play in this protocol, promoted by the Department of Health and Family Welfare of India (MoHFW), in the context of SARS-CoV2 infection. Encourage us to review updating the knowledge of these herbals' plants' biochemical mechanisms of action. Several biochemical mechanisms of action of spices have been studied and established in the context of COVID-19. It has been described that herbs act as blocking agonists of some cell receptors, such as the ACE2 receptor of the renin-angiotensin system and TRP receptors belonging to the superfamily of sensory neurons, responsible for symptoms the SARS-CoV2 virus. We also find widely recommended medicinal herbs such as Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera in this protocol, which has been described to stimulate the immune system and, at the same time, increase the destructive capacity of macrophages and biochemically block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to host cells. Other medicinal herbs recommended by the Ayurveda protocol such as Curcuma longa L, Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Allium sativum L, Piper nigrum, Glycyrrhiza glabra L, as well as being potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory are traditionally selected as an adjuvant treatment indicated for "respiratory diseases" as in the current framework of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the Ayurveda protocol and some recently recommended nutraceutical substances and spiced dietary guidelines, as an alternative treatment in concern to SARS-CoV2 infection, for the treatment of long-term side effects of the post-COVID syndrome.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EKAKUSTHA OF AYURVEDA FROM THE MODERN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tomar Anil , Gaur M.B.
Published: October 2022

In ancient Ayurveda Samhita, Acharyas have defined all diseases elaborately, and these diseases can be found precisely today in modern science. In Ayurved Samhita, all the tvak rog (skin diseases) are defined under the term Kustha which is mentioned as a Raktapradoshaja vikara. Kustha is one of the diseases that commonly affect the population. Ekakustha is one of the types of ksudrhakustha. Ayurveda text does not directly correlate to a single disease of modern science which can be compared with the modern disease term “Psoriasis”. Psoriasis may be compared with many types of ksudrhakustha like- kitibha, charmdal, mandala and ekakustha. Psoriasis is a most common non-infectious and inflammatory skin disease which involves hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes in the dermis. In the origin of any disease and for the diagnosis of the disease, there are many factors mentioned in Ayurveda Samhita; in that series, prakriti is one of the significant factors. The concept of prakriti is given by the Indian ancient science of Ayurveda. Prakriti indicates phenotypic and genotypic constitutions. Every individual has a different anatomical, physiological and psychological function. Prakriti of individuals should be known to maintain health, prevent disease, and treat disease. Pittaja dosha predominance prakriti is mainly prone for tvak rog. In the present era, increased demand for Ayurveda science is required to understand the depth of Ayurvedic principles in an easy method. Hence an effort has been made to ascertain and establish the knowledge regarding ekakustha from a modern perspective.
Assisting Students in Improving the Techniques of Answering Essay Questions in Social Studies at McCoy College of Education through Action Research
Authors: Felix Dongballe
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out at the McCoy College of Education in the Nadowli District of the Upper West Region of Ghana. It seeks to explore ways of assisting students in improving the technique of answering essay questions in social studies. A case studying level 100 students of the McCoy College of Education was carried out where it was found that they are lacking in the area of study. The researcher intends to determine why students in these classes perform poorly in essay assignments and examinations. The researcher sought to investigate to what extent the poor approach to essay writing, poor introduction, paragraphing, and conclusion writing coupled with inadequate expression, periodic essay tests and assignments, inadequate prompt and irregular marking of assignments and quiz scripts, and students' inability to use linking words among others is affecting their written essays in social studies. This phenomenon was ascribed after the study because students are not assessed regularly by essay questions. It is also the case that essay questions are not marked, and tutors do not regularly do assessments of students, a situation that has to do with a large student population, affecting the student–tutor population ratio. The study recommends that the institutions concerned with training teachers make adequate communication studies a hallmark of skills needed for teaching. The study's findings take particular interest in improving teacher trainees' oral and written communication skills and, by extension, their prospective pupils.
Residue Number System-Based Approach to Minimise Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nawusu Yakubu Abdul-Wahab , Abdul-Barik Alhassan , Abdul-Mumin Salifu
Published: October 2022

This study harnesses the useful number properties of the residue number system (RNS) to minimise energy consumption in a wireless sensor network. In a traditional cluster-based wireless sensor network, large bit representations of aggregated packets are transmitted to the base station. However, large bit patterns of packets are slower compared to smaller bits. The proposed approach splits aggregated data into a pre-specified number of transmission channels using a moduli set. Cheap energy cost routes from the cluster heads are computed to deliver the chunked aggregated data to the base station. Forward and reverse converters are proposed to encode data into RNS and decode the RNS data that reaches the base station. MATLAB simulation is used to implement the proposed data splitting method and to evaluate network performance. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method is more effective at minimising transmission energy when compared with traditional approaches in which complete packets are transmitted.
Geostatistical Analysis for Monitoring and Modelling Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Mbaoma Oliver Chinonso , Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi , Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde , Otolo Solomon Ebiye , Ikpinima Matthew
Published: October 2022

Urbanisation and industrialization are predominant indicators of regional growth with some adverse effect especially in ambient air quality often prone to contamination by emissions. Vehicular emissions have been identified as a consistent air pollutant in urban areas. However, meteorological conditions such as rainfall also affect air pollution concentration level. The aim was to identify relationships between a meteorological factor like rainfall, vehicular load and atmospheric pollutant concentration in Effurun City, Delta State. In-situ sampling of CO, VOC and NO2 and Geostatistical analysis were used to obtain concentration level and relationships between the selected variables which was used to predict spatial trend for efficient monitoring. From our results, it was observed that Iterigbi, Ages Gas and Okuokoko Junctions had the highest concentration of VOC, NO2 and CO respectively. At residential areas, Iterigbi had the highest concentration of VOC and NO2 while Okuokoko had the highest concentration of CO.
Biological Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Hanahan Douglas , Weinberg Robert A.
Published: October 2022

Overview

A perplexing enigma for cancer medicine lies in its complexity and variability, at all levels of consideration. The hallmarks of cancer constitute an organizing principle that provides a conceptual basis for distilling the complexity of this disease in order to better understand it in its diverse presentations. This conceptualization involves eight biological capabilities—the hallmarks of cancer—acquired by cancer cells during the long process of tumor initiation and development and malignant progression. Two characteristic traits of cancer cells facilitate the acquisition of these functional capabilities. The eight distinctive hallmarks consist of sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, deregulating cellular energetics and metabolism, and avoiding immune destruction. The principal facilitators of their acquisition are genome instability with consequent gene mutation and tumor‐promoting inflammation. The integration of these hallmark capabilities involves heterotypic interactions amongst multiple cell types populating the “tumor microenvironment,” which is composed of cancer cells and a tumor‐associated stroma, including three prominent classes of recruited support cells—angiogenic vascular cells, various subtypes of fibroblasts, and infiltrating immune cells. In addition, the neoplastic cells populating individual tumors are themselves typically heterogeneous, in that cancer cells can assume a variety of distinctive phenotypic states and undergo genetic diversification during tumor progression. Accordingly, the hallmarks of cancer—this set of necessarily acquired capabilities and their facilitators—constitute a useful heuristic tool for elucidating mechanistic bases and commonalities underlying the pathogenesis of diverse forms of human cancer, with potential and rational applications to cancer therapy.
Oncogenes
Authors: Pierotti Marco A. , Frattini Milo , Epistolio Samantha , Sozzi Gabriella , Croce Carlo M.
Published: October 2022

Overview

The initiation and the progression of human neoplastic disease is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic changes, characterized by the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, in somatic cells. Oncogenes are altered versions of the proto‐oncogenes involved in the regulation of cell growth that are activated by mutation, chromosomal rearrangement, or gene amplification. In this article, at first we describe the methods that have been applied for the discovery and the identification of oncogenes. Then, we present the genetic mechanisms of proto‐oncogenes activation with several examples and the role played by oncogenes in the initiation and progression of various cancers.

The identification of oncogene abnormalities has provided tools for the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Most important, oncogenes represent potential targets for new types of cancer therapies that permit to kill cancer cells selectively while sparing normal cells. These therapies display an evident benefit for the treatment of several tumors; however, mainly due to the occurrence of secondary resistance mechanisms, they are not able to kill 100% of neoplastic cells. In the last part of the article, we review all the genes for which a targeted therapy has been developed.
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Bunz Fred , Vogelstein Bert
Published: October 2022

Overview

Cancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes, the first type of gene to be associated with cancer, are activated by somatic mutations and promote unregulated cell growth. In contrast, tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that maintain tissue homeostasis and are inactivated in tumors. Inactivated tumor suppressor genes can be acquired by somatic mutation, during the life of an individual, or transmitted via the germline from one generation to the next, causing familial cancer predisposition syndromes. Tumor suppressor genes thus provide a conceptual link between inherited cancer risk and sporadic cancers.
Epigenetic Contributions to Human Cancer
Authors: Baylin Stephen B.
Published: October 2022

Overview

The ever‐expanding body of work aimed at understanding the components and roles of the epigenome in normal and neoplastic cells is increasingly being translated for possibilities of enriching cancer management. It is ever more clear that the evolution of cancer from its earliest origins in benign risk states through initiation and progression represents an interplay between epigenetic and genetic alterations. Although the number of FDA‐approved epigenetic therapy agents is still small, and largely for hematopoietic malignancies, a large increase in clinical trials for older and newer drugs that target epigenome abnormalities, often given in combinations, shows promise for the emergence of new therapy paradigms in the near future. New platforms for sensitive detection of epigenetic abnormalities in DNA from blood and other sites are refining our abilities to monitor cancer risk states and predict and monitor therapy responses. All of this above progress accompanies profound advances in other cancer management paradigms, such as immune checkpoint therapy for which epigenetic drugs may enhance the efficacy of these approaches and help reverse resistance which often emerges. The study of the epigenome and the potential for use of the knowledge for translation to improve cancer care is thus an ever more vibrant area of basic and clinical research.
MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
Authors: Nana‐Sinkam Serge P. , Acunzo Mario , Croce Carlo M.
Published: October 2022

Overview

In the last two decades, researchers have identified a new group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) classified according to their function and size. The best studied of these ncRNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and play key roles in the regulation of a large number of biological processes and diseases, including cancer. Since the initial description of an association between miRNA and cancer in 2002, miRNAs have emerged as central regulators of processes fundamental to the initiation and progression of cancer. More recently, miRNAs have been detected in bodily fluids including blood, sputum, and urine, thus making them potential noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. The application of miRNAs in human cancer therapy represents one of the newest frontiers for cancer treatment and thus, the intense focus on investigation. However, our knowledge of these small molecules and their application to human cancers is still growing. In this article, we provide an overview of the connection between miRNAs and cancer with a focus on translation to human application.
Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Pavlova Natalya N. , Rao Aparna D. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Thompson Craig B.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Successful cell proliferation is dependent on a profound remodeling of cellular metabolism, required to support the biosynthetic needs of a growing cell. Constitutive signaling through aberrantly activated oncogenes activates pro‐growth metabolic circuits that can lock cancer cells into net macromolecular synthesis and resistance to cell death. Oncogenic signaling can induce cellular uptake of metabolic substrates, such as glucose and glutamine, as well as utilization of unconventional nutrient sources. In contrast to some nonproliferating tissues, which preferentially degrade metabolic substrates to carbon dioxide to maximize energy production, cancer cells prioritize the use of acquired metabolic substrates in anabolic processes, including fatty acid, cholesterol, nonessential amino acid, and nucleotide biosynthesis. The accumulation of these precursors supports the synthesis of the macromolecules necessary to sustain cell growth. Oncogene‐directed increases in levels of select metabolites can also influence cellular processes beyond metabolic circuits, resulting in changes to the cellular epigenetic state as well as long‐ranging effects on cells within the tumor microenvironment. As cancer progresses, the metabolic properties and liabilities of malignant cells evolve to support metastasis and therapy resistance. Recent studies suggest these alterations in tumor cell metabolism can be exploited to improve the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Heymach John V. , Zurita‐Saavedra Amado , Kopetz Scott , Cascone Tina , Nilsson Monique , Guijarro Irene
Published: October 2022

Overview

Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillary blood vessels, is central to cancer growth and metastasis and is recognized to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Antiangiogenic agents have become part of the standard treatment armamentarium for many solid tumors, providing significant clinical benefits for some cancers (e.g., renal cell, colorectal) and modest or no benefit for others. This article is focused on principles of tumor angiogenesis that are intrinsic to the behavior of human cancer, and lessons that can be gleaned from the clinical testing and use of angiogenesis inhibitors alone and in combination with other agents to date.