bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of Anglo‐American theoretical models on the evolution of the nursing discipline in Spain
Authors: Rodrigo Olga , Caïs Jordi , Monforte‐Royo Cristina
Published: December 2016

In Spain, the introduction of the new Diploma in Nursing in 1977 saw the role of nurses shifting from that of medical assistants with technical skills to being independent members of the healthcare team with specific responsibility for providing professional nursing care. Here, we analyse the evolution of the nursing profession in Spain following the transfer of nurse education to universities, doing so through interviews with the first generation of academic tutors. This was a qualitative study using the method of analytic induction and based on the principles of grounded theory. Participants were selected by means of theoretical sampling and then underwent in‐depth interviews. Steps were taken to ensure the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of data. The main conclusion of the analysis is that there is a gap between a theoretical framework borrowed from the Anglo‐American context and a nursing practice that, in Spain, has traditionally prioritised the application of technical procedures, a role akin to that of a medical assistant. It is argued that a key factor underlying the way in which nursing in Spain has evolved in recent decades is the lack of conceptual clarity regarding what the role of the professional nurse might actually entail in practice.
Indel‐seq: a fast‐forward genetics approach for identification of trait‐associated putative candidate genomic regions and its application in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Singh Vikas K. , Khan Aamir W. , Saxena Rachit K. , Sinha Pallavi , Kale Sandip M. , Parupalli Swathi , Kumar Vinay , Chitikineni Annapurna , Vechalapu Suryanarayana , Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata , Sharma Mamta , Ghanta Anuradha , Yamini Kalinati Narasimhan , Muniswamy Sonnappa , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: December 2016

Identification of candidate genomic regions associated with target traits using conventional mapping methods is challenging and time‐consuming. In recent years, a number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based mapping approaches have been developed and used for identification of candidate/putative genomic regions. However, in the majority of these studies, insertion–deletion (Indel) were largely ignored. For efficient use of Indels in mapping target traits, we propose Indel‐seq approach, which is a combination of whole‐genome resequencing (WGRS) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and relies on the Indel frequencies in extreme bulks. Deployment of Indel‐seq approach for identification of candidate genomic regions associated with fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) resistance in pigeonpea has identified 16 Indels affecting 26 putative candidate genes. Of these 26 affected putative candidate genes, 24 genes showed effect in the upstream/downstream of the genic region and two genes showed effect in the genes. Validation of these 16 candidate Indels in other FW‐ and SMD‐resistant and FW‐ and SMD‐susceptible genotypes revealed a significant association of five Indels (three for FW and two for SMD resistance). Comparative analysis of Indel‐seq with other genetic mapping approaches highlighted the importance of the approach in identification of significant genomic regions associated with target traits. Therefore, the Indel‐seq approach can be used for quick and precise identification of candidate genomic regions for any target traits in any crop species.
Cross‐Sectional Study Evaluating Skin, Hair, Nail, and Bone Disease in Patients with Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
Authors: Gunasekera Nicole S. , Divito Joan K. , Kupper Thomas S. , Huang Jennifer T. , Divito Sherrie J.
Published: December 2016

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an X‐linked dominant disease characterized by dermal thinning and fat herniation with other ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. There is limited literature regarding the symptomatology and progression of skin, hair, and nail disease. The risk of bone fragility has not been explored either. This cross‐sectional survey‐based study explored these gaps in knowledge and provides direction for future avenues of research in FDH.
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation for disseminated Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroki , Kumamoto Tadashi , Ono Rintaro , Akahane Keiko , Nozaki Taiki , Kobayashi Shogo , Kikuta Atsushi , Matsumoto Seiichi , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ogawa Chitose , Manabe Atsushi
Published: December 2016

We describe the case of a 13‐year‐old girl with multifocal disseminated Ewing sarcoma family of tumor (ESFT) who received a 5/8 human leukocyte antigen‐matched haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation to generate a graft‐versus‐tumor effect. The patient had grade 2 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the skin and chronic GVHD nausea and abdominal pain that required prednisolone for 17 months, but has been free from ESFT for 3 years 10 months after therapy. The present case suggests a beneficial effect of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in disseminated ESFT.
DNA Repair by the Radical SAM Enzyme Spore Photoproduct Lyase: From Biochemistry to Structural Investigations
Authors: Berteau Olivier , Benjdia Alhosna
Published: December 2016

Radical S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) enzymes have emerged as one of the last superfamilies of enzymes discovered to date. Arguably, it is the most versatile group of enzymes involved in at least 85 biochemical transformations. One of the founding members of this enzyme superfamily is the spore photoproduct (SP) lyase, a DNA repair enzyme catalyzing the direct reversal repair of a unique DNA lesion, the so‐called spore photoproduct, back into two thymidine residues. Discovered more than 20 years ago in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, SP lyase has been shown to be widespread in the endospore‐forming Firmicutes from the Bacilli and Clostridia classes and to use radical‐based chemistry to perform C‐C bond breakage, a chemically challenging reaction. This review describes how the work on SP lyase has illuminated a unique strategy for DNA repair and provided major advances in our understanding of the emerging radical SAM superfamily of enzymes, from a biochemical and structural perspective.
The President and the Parties’ Ideologies: Party Ideas about Foreign Policy Since 1900
Authors: Lewis Verlan
Published: December 2016

Throughout U.S. history, the two major political parties have switched positions many times on a variety of issues, including whether the United States should intervene more or less in foreign affairs. Are these changes simply the product of historical contingency, or are there structural factors at work that can help explain these developments? This article finds that change in party control of the presidency can help explain change in party ideologies with respect to foreign policy. Parties in long‐term control of the presidency tend to change their ideology in ways that call for more foreign intervention, while parties in opposition to the presidency tend to change their ideology in ways that call for less foreign intervention.
Heart rate, health, and hurtful behavior
Authors: Jennings J. Richard , Pardini Dustin A. , Matthews Karen A.
Published: December 2016

Hostility is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. When challenged, individuals high on hostility exhibit a hyperreactive psychophysiological response to stressors, thereby increasing risk for developing cardiovascular disease. However, low resting heart rate (HR) is associated with physical aggression and hostility in children, adolescents, and adults. Based on a community sample of 296 men (mean age = 32.0), we (a) address whether aggression/hostility relates to physical health through relationships with cardiovascular levels at rest and in response to stressors, and (b) determine how relations between aggression and health are altered by including psychophysiological indices in statistical models. The Cook‐Medley cynical/hostile attitudes and the Buss‐Perry physical aggression and hostility measures assessed aggression. Health was assessed as systolic blood pressure (SBP), report of medical conditions, and a metabolic composite. Reactivity to stressors was assessed with HR, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure. Aggression was negatively related to both resting HR and reactivity. High resting HR and reactivity were, however, positively related to poor health. Thus, the relationship between aggression and HR and reactivity suppressed an overall relationship between high aggression/hostility and poor health. In the presence of covariates for socioeconomic status, race, health behaviors, and medications, the relationship between aggression and health was significantly strengthened when HR level and reactivity were included in models. In sum, at early midlife, low HR among aggressive and hostile individuals is related to less health risk. Aggression and hostility have a deleterious influence on health, but primarily among individuals with higher HR and possibly greater cardiovascular reactivity.
Early and late brain signatures of emotional prosody among individuals with high versus low power
Authors: Paulmann Silke , Uskul Ayse K.
Published: December 2016

Using ERPs, we explored the relationship between social power and emotional prosody processing. In particular, we investigated differences at early and late processing stages between individuals primed with high or low power. Comparable to previously published findings from nonprimed participants, individuals primed with low power displayed differentially modulated P2 amplitudes in response to different emotional prosodies, whereas participants primed with high power failed to do so. Similarly, participants primed with low power showed differentially modulated amplitudes in response to different emotional prosodies at a later processing stage (late ERP component), whereas participants primed with high power did not. These ERP results suggest that high versus low power leads to emotional prosody processing differences at the early stage associated with emotional salience detection and at a later stage associated with more in‐depth processing of emotional stimuli.
Prolactin and growth hormone immunoactivity in canine mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Authors: Bohrer ER , Löhr CV , Kutzler MA
Published: December 2016

Contents

It is now widely accepted in human medicine that prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) function in the mammary gland in an autocrine and paracrine manner in tumour formation. The aim of this study was to compare PRL and GH immunoactivity in canine mammary tumours submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Formalin‐fixed specimens from spontaneously occurring mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas from 24 female client‐owned dogs were used. Information pertaining to the reproductive status of the patient at the time of mammary tumour diagnosis was obtained from each of the submitting veterinarians. Tissues were paraffin‐embedded and sectioned (5 μm) onto charged slides. All slides were deparaffinized and rehydrated. Endogenous peroxidase activity was inactivated with 3% H2O2, and non‐specific binding was blocked. Polyclonal rabbit antihuman PRL (DAKO A0569) and GH antibody (DAKO A0570) were applied at a 1:250 and 1:200 dilutions, respectively. A universal rabbit negative control (DAKO N1699) was used. Slides were then reacted with anti‐rabbit horseradish peroxidase followed by Nova Red Peroxidase substrate. Slides were counter‐stained with haematoxylin, dehydrated and mounted. Tumour type and reproductive status at time of tumour diagnosis were compared individually between tumours that were negative or positive for PRL and GH using a two‐tailed analysis of variance. Significance was defined as p < .05. There was no significant relationship between tumour type and PRL and GH presence. In addition, reproductive status at the time of tumour removal was found to be not significant. These results vary from previous reports in canine mammary tumours and warrant further investigation.
Changes in acetylation of lysine 5 on histone H4 in canine oocytes following in vitro maturation
Authors: Motheo TF , Arnold DR , Padilha‐Nakaghi LC , Pires‐Buttler EA , Alves AE , Apparicio M , Vicente WRR , Lopes FL
Published: December 2016

Contents

Post‐translational modifications of histones, such as acetylation, are involved in regulating chromatin remodelling and gene expression. Proper in vitro maturation (IVM) of canine oocytes, for many reasons, is up to now inefficient. This study aimed to evaluate the post‐translational histone H4 acetylation at lysine 5 (H4K5) in immature and post‐IVM canine oocytes. Oocyte nuclear stage was assessed using Hoechst 33342 staining. Acetylation patterns were determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining of immature and post‐IVM oocytes, using an antibody against the acetylated lysine 5 residue on histone 4 (H4K5ac). The experiment was repeated four times, with a total of 7–17 oocytes evaluated per stage. Immunofluorescence signal was quantified using the NIHimagej software. Data were expressed as a percentage of the average fluorescence intensity of the specific antibody over the intensity of DNA, as determined by Hoescht staining. H4K5ac displayed a significantly higher acetylated pattern in immature oocytes (0.97 ± 0.08) when compared to post‐IVM oocytes at different nuclear stages. There was a decrease in the fluorescence level of the matured oocytes with the progression of meiosis (GVBD: 0.47 ± 0.06 and MI/MII: 0.35 ± 0.04). Similarly to other domestic species, we hypothesized that post‐translational modification of histone acetylation takes place during meiosis of in vitro matured canine oocytes. However, it remains to be investigated whether these changes occur during in vivo maturation.
Identification of a novel FUT1 allele with two mutations in a Chinese para‐Bombay individual
Authors: Wang Lixin , Huang Chunyan , Wei Zengzhen , Tan Jinzhe , Qin Li , Tian Li
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

The para‐Bombay phenotype often results from a silenced β‐D‐galactoside 2‐α‐fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) gene (h/h) but an active FUT2 (Se/Se or Se/se) gene. We identified a para‐Bombay phenotype with two novel mutations in the FUT1 gene and homozygous mutated FUT2 (se357, 385/se357, 385) genes.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Red blood cell phenotype was detected by using a standard serologic technique. The entire coding regions of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were amplified and direct sequenced using genomic DNA.

RESULTS

No ABH substance was detected on the surface of the proband's red blood cells. Anti‐A, anti‐B, and anti‐H were identified in serum. Genetic studies indicated that the proband's ABO genotyping was A102/O01 and that the FUT2 phenotype was se357, 385/se357, 385. The sample was homozygous for two FUT1 mutations: c.958insG and c.961G > A.

CONCLUSION

Two novel FUT1 mutations have been identified in the proband's FUT1 gene. The insertion mutation in the FUT1 that caused a shift of the open reading frame and formed a termination codon early at Amino Acid Position 334 may be the main reason for H deficiency in this case.
Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia in a Healthy Patient Returning from a Trip to the Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Chávez A. C. , Barrera S. , Leon A. , Trueba G.
Published: December 2016

Campylobacter fetus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes bacteremia and other invasive infections in immunocompromised patients who have been exposed to livestock or ingested animal products (uncooked meat or unpasteurized milk). The present report describes a C. fetus infection in a healthy adult (immunocompetent) who returned from a visit to the Ecuadorian Amazonia and who did not report exposure to the typical sources of infection.
Ethics of Youth Sports: Protecting Our Future
Authors: Huston Jeffery L.
Published: December 2016

Youth sports teach lessons of teamwork, perseverance, and competition. The unique aspects of youth sports provide constraints that occur with the interaction between participants, coaches, parents, and medical professionals. Ethical dimensions arise out of the nature of the interaction between adults and youth that can build upon the inherent benefits of youth sports participation or reinforce the worst aspects of participation. Parents and coaches play a particular role in dealing with the development of youth athletes, while medical professionals must understand that the relationship between the patient and clinician and the expectation of the social contract is changed through the dynamics of the triadic nature of healthcare in youth sports.
Chiral phase transition in QED3 at finite temperature
Authors: Yin Pei-Lin , Xiao Hai-Xiao , Wei Wei , Feng Hong-Tao , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: December 2016

In the framework of Dyson–Schwinger equations, we employ two kinds of criteria (one kind is the chiral condensate, the other kind is thermodynamic quantities, such as the pressure, the entropy, and the specific heat) to investigate the nature of chiral phase transitions in QED3 for different fermion flavors. It is found that the chiral phase transitions in QED3 for different fermion flavors are all typical second-order phase transitions; the critical temperature and order of the chiral phase transition obtained from the chiral condensate and susceptibility are the same with that obtained by the thermodynamic quantities, which means that they are equivalent in describing the chiral phase transition; the critical temperature decreases as the number of fermion flavors increases and there is a boundary that separates the [Formula: see text] plane into chiral symmetry breaking and restoration regions.
Thin film growth and Zn doping of h-MoO3 hexagonal rods by hydrothermal technique
Authors: Mousavi-Zadeh Seyyed Hamid , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher
Published: December 2016

In this research, rod-like undoped and Zn doped h-MoO3 thin films were grown on top of MoO3 seed layers, using hydrothermal technique without adding any surfactant. Seed layers of MoO3 were coated on top of glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique. Structural, morphological and optical properties of thin films were examined. XRD pattern analysis showed that the seed layer has orthorhombic crystal structure. Also, it confirms the formation of hexagonal structure for thin films grown by hydrothermal. FESEM images show the formation of long, well-shaped hexagonal rod-likes. UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals band gap increasing from 3.2 eV to 3.54 eV, by increasing Zn.
Natural Inflation on the brane with a TeV-scale gravity: Parameter constraints after Planck 2015
Authors: Videla Nelson , Panotopoulos Grigorios
Published: December 2016

In the present work, we have studied Natural Inflation (NI) in the framework of the Randall–Sundrum II (RS-II) brane model in the light of the latest Planck results. Adopting the Randall–Sundrum fine-tuning, the model is characterized by three parameters in total, namely the five-dimensional (5D) Planck mass [Formula: see text] and the two mass scales of the inflaton potential [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show in the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane the theoretical predictions of the model together with the allowed contour plots, and we conclude that the model is viable. By using the Planck results only, it is possible to determine the two mass scales of the inflaton potential in terms of [Formula: see text], which remains undetermined. However, there are several good theoretical reasons to consider a higher-dimensional Planck mass of the order of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV, which is compatible with primordial nucleosynthesis. If we insist on considering a [Formula: see text] of this order of magnitude, all parameters are known and a sub-Planckian excursion of the inflaton scalar field is achieved.
AUTOCORRELATIONS OF RANDOM FRACTAL APERTURES AND PHASE SCREENS
Authors: SCHONFELD JONATHAN F.
Published: December 2016

We introduce a new product representation for general random binary fractal apertures defined by removing voids from Euclidean space, and use it to derive a simple closed-form expression for ensemble-averaged correlations. Power-law scaling at short distance follows almost immediately. Similar techniques provide easy constructions of objects with fractional Brownian short-distance behavior for phase screens and other applications.
Quality of Life and Poverty: Measurement and Comparability
Authors: Molpeceres-Abella Mercedes , García-Lapresta José Luis
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we analyze the correspondence among the rankings of the Spanish regions according to different measures of monetary poverty and quality of life, in 2012. To do that, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used. Different aggregation methods are applied to calculate the selected measures of poverty and quality of life. The monetary poverty measures aggregate the income gaps, while the quality of life measures aggregate a set of indicators dealing with ten different domains. In both cases, among other traditional aggregation procedures, the exponential mean is used because its properties are especially adequate in these contexts.
A Dual Decomposition of Some Rank Dependent Social Evaluation Functions
Authors: Puerta Carmen , Urrutia Ana
Published: December 2016

In the context of the dual decomposition of the rank dependent social evaluation functions we examine the k-PTS principle introduced by Gajdos and introduce a new property with balanced sensitivity to both tails of the distribution. In particular we analyse its implications for the S-Gini family.
RESEARCH ON ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT OF DEFORMATION OF ARTIFICIAL THORAX MODEL
Authors: YE JINDUO , LIU BOLUN , LIU JIFU , ZHANG CHUNYUE , ZHONG WEIHONG , ZHANG CHUNQIU
Published: December 2016

The method of numerical simulation has been used in the research setting for purposes related to the correction process of the pectus excavatum with scoliosis. Although a convenient method, the validity and accuracy of this technique need to be tested. Further complicating the validity of this technique is that we are unable to confirm results of numerical simulation via electrical measurement experiments in humans because of ethical considerations, nor are we able to attain cadavers of pectus excavatum with scoliosis to perform electrical measurement experiments on. Both animal thorax and artificial thorax models can be used for thoracic deformation experiments, but the translation of these models to humans is unclear due to contrasting anatomical arrangements of chest cavities. This paper attempts to solve this problem by making a PVC thorax model and carrying out electrical measurement experiments to assess strain–displacement under physiological loading conditions. We present data showing biomechanical responses of the thoracic skeleton to compressive loading, which may be used to guide the development of computational models of the thoracic skeleton and ultimately improve the treatment strategy of pectus excavatum.
A Unified Shear Deformation Theory for the Bending of Isotropic, Functionally Graded, Laminated and Sandwich Beams and Plates
Authors: Sayyad Atteshamuddin S. , Ghugal Yuwaraj M.
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a displacement-based unified shear deformation theory is developed for the analysis of shear deformable advanced composite beams and plates. The theory is developed with the inclusion of parabolic (PSDT), trigonometric (TSDT), hyperbolic (HSDT) and exponential (ESDT) shape functions in terms of thickness coordinate to account for the effect of transverse shear deformation. The in-plane displacements consider the combined effect of bending rotation and shear rotation. The use of parabolic shape function in the present theory leads to the Reddy’s theory, but trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions are first time used in the present displacement field. The present theory is accounted for an accurate distribution of transverse shear stresses through the thickness of plate, therefore, it does not require problem dependent shear correction factor. Governing equations and associated boundary conditions of the theory are derived from the principle of virtual work. Navier type closed-form solutions are obtained for simply supported boundary conditions. To verify the global response of the present theory it is applied for the bending of both one-dimensional (beams) and two-dimensional (plates) functionally graded, laminated composite and sandwich structures. The present results are compared with exact elasticity solution and other higher order shear deformation theories to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present theory.
Effect of Interfacial Properties on the Mechanical Behavior of Bone-Like Materials: A Numerical Study
Authors: Li Xingguo , An Bingbing , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: December 2016

Interfacial behavior in the microstructure and the plastic deformation in the protein matrix influence the overall mechanical properties of biological hard tissues. A cohesive finite element model has been developed to investigate the inelastic mechanical properties of bone-like biocomposites consisting of hard mineral crystals embedded in soft biopolymer matrix. In this study, the complex interaction between plastic dissipation in the matrix and bonding properties of the interface between minerals and matrix is revealed, and the effect of such interaction on the toughening of bone-like biocomposites is identified. For the case of strong and intermediate interfaces, the toughness of biocomposites is controlled by the post yield behavior of biopolymer; the matrix with low strain hardening can undergo significant plastic deformation, thereby promoting enhanced fracture toughness of biocomposites. For the case of weak interfaces, the toughness of biocomposites is governed by the bonding property of the interface, and the post-yield behavior of biopolymer shows negligible effect on the toughness. The findings of this study help to direct the path for designing bioinspired materials with superior mechanical properties.
Architectures and Strategies for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Jawhar Imad Hussein , Mohamed Nader , Trabelsi Zouheir , Al-Jaroodi Jameela
Published: December 2016

In recent years, the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have evolved quickly leading to sensors with increased memory, storage, processing, and communication capabilities. WSNs have many applications in the commercial, environmental, and military fields. In addition, the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gone through revolutionary improvements, which have led to highly advanced UAVs that come in numerous sizes, capabilities, and functions. In order to significantly reduce the energy consumption used in data transmission, reduce radio frequency interference that can be caused with the hidden terminal and collision problems that are present in the multihop data routing approach, and extend the network lifetime, this paper presents different models and strategies for using UAVs for data collection in WSNs. Even though, some of the models can be used for real-time data traffic communication in emergency situations, most of the proposed models are useful for data traffic that is delay tolerant. We define the different types of nodes and devices that are used, and present different UAV-based data collection frameworks including store-and-forward, and real-time data transfer models. The paper also provides several UAV routing algorithms, which use round-robin and demand-driven strategies.
On the impact of a scrip dividend on an equity forward
Authors: Bernhart German , Mai Jan-Frederik
Published: December 2016

We consider an equity forward contract on a stock which pays a dividend during the forward’s lifetime. Furthermore, the stock owner is assumed to have the right to opt for either cash or scrip dividend. In the latter case, the stock owner receives the dividend in the form of additional shares and the number of shares to be received depends on the average stock price in a certain averaging time period. The decision between scrip or cash must be made by the stock owner at some time point during the averaging period. Within a Black–Scholes-type setup we derive a closed formula for the fair strike price of such an equity forward contract in dependence on the stock volatility parameter. If the decision between scrip or cash can be delayed until close to the end of the averaging period, it is demonstrated how the optionality for the stock owner has a non-negligible value which lowers the forward equity strike.
On Hardness of Multilinearization and VNP-Completeness in Characteristic 2
Authors: Hrubeš P.
Published: December 2016

For a Boolean function
f
: {0, 1}

n

→ {0, 1}, let
fˆ
be the unique multilinear polynomial such that
f
(
x
) =
fˆ
(
x
) holds for every
x
ˆ {0, 1}

n

. We show that, assuming VP ≠ VNP, there exists a polynomial-time computable
f
such that
fˆ
requires superpolynomial arithmetic circuits. In fact, this
f
can be taken as a monotone 2-CNF, or a product of affine functions.

This holds over any field. To prove the results in characteristic 2, we design new VNP-complete families in this characteristic. This includes the polynomial EC

n

counting edge covers in a graph and the polynomial mclique

n

counting cliques in a graph with deleted perfect matching. They both correspond to polynomial-time decidable problems, a phenomenon previously encountered only in characteristic ≠ 2.
World Knowledge as Indirect Supervision for Document Clustering
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Song Yangqiu , Roth Dan , Zhang Ming , Han Jiawei
Published: December 2016

One of the key obstacles in making learning protocols realistic in applications is the need to supervise them, a costly process that often requires hiring domain experts. We consider the framework to use the world knowledge as indirect supervision. World knowledge is general-purpose knowledge, which is not designed for any specific domain. Then, the key challenges are how to adapt the world knowledge to domains and how to represent it for learning. In this article, we provide an example of using world knowledge for domain-dependent document clustering. We provide three ways to specify the world knowledge to domains by resolving the ambiguity of the entities and their types, and represent the data with world knowledge as a heterogeneous information network. Then, we propose a clustering algorithm that can cluster multiple types and incorporate the sub-type information as constraints. In the experiments, we use two existing knowledge bases as our sources of world knowledge. One is Freebase, which is collaboratively collected knowledge about entities and their organizations. The other is YAGO2, a knowledge base automatically extracted from Wikipedia and maps knowledge to the linguistic knowledge base, WordNet. Experimental results on two text benchmark datasets (20newsgroups and RCV1) show that incorporating world knowledge as indirect supervision can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art clustering algorithms as well as clustering algorithms enhanced with world knowledge features.

A preliminary version of this work appeared in the proceedings of KDD 2015 [Wang et al. 2015a]. This journal version has made several major improvements. First, we have proposed a new and general learning framework for machine learning with world knowledge as indirect supervision, where document clustering is a special case in the original paper. Second, in order to make our unsupervised semantic parsing method more understandable, we add several real cases from the original sentences to the resulting logic forms with all the necessary information. Third, we add details of the three semantic filtering methods and conduct deep analysis of the three semantic filters, by using case studies to show why the conceptualization-based semantic filter can produce more accurate indirect supervision. Finally, in addition to the experiment on 20 newsgroup data and Freebase, we have extended the experiments on clustering results by using all the combinations of text (20 newsgroup, MCAT, CCAT, ECAT) and world knowledge sources (Freebase, YAGO2).
Hypergraph Partitioning for Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication
Authors: Ballard Grey , Druinsky Alex , Knight Nicholas , Schwartz Oded
Published: December 2016

We propose a fine-grained hypergraph model for sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM), a key computational kernel in scientific computing and data analysis whose performance is often communication bound. This model correctly describes both the interprocessor communication volume along a critical path in a parallel computation and also the volume of data moving through the memory hierarchy in a sequential computation. We show that identifying a communication-optimal algorithm for particular input matrices is equivalent to solving a hypergraph partitioning problem. Our approach is nonzero structure dependent, meaning that we seek the best algorithm for the given input matrices.

In addition to our three-dimensional fine-grained model, we also propose coarse-grained one-dimensional and two-dimensional models that correspond to simpler SpGEMM algorithms. We explore the relations between our models theoretically, and we study their performance experimentally in the context of three applications that use SpGEMM as a key computation. For each application, we find that at least one coarse-grained model is as communication efficient as the fine-grained model. We also observe that different applications have affinities for different algorithms.

Our results demonstrate that hypergraphs are an accurate model for reasoning about the communication costs of SpGEMM as well as a practical tool for exploring the SpGEMM algorithm design space.
Reduced islet function contributes to impaired glucose homeostasis in fructose-fed mice
Authors: Asghar Zeenat A. , Cusumano Andrew , Yan Zihan , Remedi Maria S. , Moley Kelle H.
Published: December 2016

Increased sugar consumption, particularly fructose, in the form of sweetened beverages and sweeteners in our diet adversely affects metabolic health. Because these effects are associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in humans, the direct effect of fructose on pancreatic islet function is unknown. Therefore, we examined the islet phenotype of mice fed excess fructose. Fructose-fed mice exhibited fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance but not hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, or hyperuricemia. Islet function was impaired, with decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased glucagon secretion and high fructose consumption leading to α-cell proliferation and upregulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5, which was localized only in α-cells. Our studies demonstrate that excess fructose consumption contributes to hyperglycemia by affecting both β- and α-cells of islets in mice.
Mathematical Analysis of a Reactive Viscous Flow through a Channel Filled with a Porous Medium
Authors: Adesanya Samuel O. , Falade J. A. , Ukaegbu J. C. , Adekeye K. S.
Published: December 2016

An investigation has been carried out to study entropy generation in a viscous, incompressible, and reactive fluid flowing steadily through a channel with porous materials. Approximate solutions for both velocity and temperature fields are obtained by using a rapidly convergent Adomian decomposition method (ADM). These solutions are then used to determine the heat irreversibility and Bejan number of the problem. Variations of other important fluid parameters are conducted, presented graphically, and discussed.
META2: Intercellular DNA Methylation Pairwise Annotation and Integrative Analysis
Authors: Tang Binhua
Published: December 2016

Genome-wide deciphering intercellular differential DNA methylation as well as its roles in transcriptional regulation remains elusive in cancer epigenetics. Here we developed a toolkit META2 for DNA methylation annotation and analysis, which aims to perform integrative analysis on differentially methylated loci and regions through deep mining and statistical comparison methods. META2 contains multiple versatile functions for investigating and annotating DNA methylation profiles. Benchmarked with T-47D cell, we interrogated the association within differentially methylated CpG (DMC) and region (DMR) candidate count and region length and identified major transition zones as clues for inferring statistically significant DMRs; together we validated those DMRs with the functional annotation. Thus META2 can provide a comprehensive analysis approach for epigenetic research and clinical study.
Rehabilitation Training and Resveratrol Improve the Recovery of Neurological and Motor Function in Rats after Cerebral Ischemic Injury through the Sirt1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Na , Zhu Chongtian , Li Liying
Published: December 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the recovery of motor function in rats through the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) signal pathway-mediated rehabilitation training. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) was used to induce ischemia/reperfusion injury. The rats were subjected to no treatment (model), rehabilitation training (for 21 days), resveratrol (5 mg/kg for 21 days), and rehabilitation training plus resveratrol treatment. 24 h later, They were assessed for neurobehavioral score and motor behavior score and expression of brain derived-nerve neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). Compared with sham group, models had significantly higher neurobehavioral scores, balance beam, and rotary stick scores. Compared with the model group, rats in rehabilitation training and resveratrol groups had significantly reduced scores. Compared with rehabilitation training or resveratrol treatment alone, rehabilitation plus resveratrol further reduced the scores significantly. The percentage of cells expressing BDNF and TrkB and expression levels of BDNF and TrkB were similar between the model and sham groups, significantly increased in rehabilitation training and resveratrol groups, and further increased in rehabilitation training plus resveratrol group. These results indicate that rehabilitation raining plus resveratrol can significantly improve the recovery of motor function in rats after cerebral ischemic injury, which is likely related to the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.
Cisplatin-Associated Ototoxicity: A Review for the Health Professional
Authors: Paken Jessica , Govender Cyril D. , Pillay Mershen , Sewram Vikash
Published: December 2016

Cisplatin is an effective drug used in the treatment of many cancers, yet its ototoxic potential places cancer patients, exposed to this drug, at risk of hearing loss, thus negatively impacting further on a patient’s quality of life. It is paramount for health care practitioners managing such patients to be aware of cisplatin’s ototoxic properties and the clinical signs to identify patients at risk of developing hearing loss. English peer-reviewed articles from January 1975 to July 2015 were assessed from PubMed, Science Direct, and Ebscohost. Seventy-nine articles and two books were identified for this review, using MeSH terms and keywords such as “ototoxicity”, “cisplatin”, “hearing loss”, and “ototoxicity monitoring”. This review provides an up-to-date overview of cisplatin-associated ototoxicity, namely, its clinical features, incidence rates, and molecular and cellular mechanisms and risk factors, to health care practitioners managing the patient with cancer, and highlights the need for a team-based approach to complement an audiological monitoring programme to mitigate any further loss in the quality of life of affected patients, as there is currently no otoprotective agent recommended routinely for the prevention of cisplatin-associated ototoxicity. It also sets the platform for effective dialogue towards policy formulation and strengthening of health systems in developing countries.
Certain Geometric Properties of Normalized Wright Functions
Authors: Raza Mohsan , Din Muhey U , Malik Sarfraz Nawaz
Published: December 2016

In this article, we find some geometric properties like starlikeness, convexity of orderα, close-to-convexity of order1+α/2, and close-to-convexity of normalized Wright functions with respect to the certain functions. The sufficient conditions for the normalized Wright functions belonging to the classesTγαandLγαare the part of our investigations. We also obtain the conditions on normalized Wright function to belong to the Hardy spaceHp.
Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance of Bone Sarcomas: Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Bone Sarcoma Stem Cells
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: December 2016

Bone sarcomas are heterogeneous malignant tumors that exhibit clinical, histological, and molecular heterogeneity. Recent progress in their multimodal treatment has gradually improved patient prognosis; however, drug resistance and distant metastasis remain unresolved clinical problems. Recent investigations have suggested the existence of cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) in bone sarcomas, which represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with high tumor‐forming ability. The hallmarks of CSCs include tumor‐ and metastasis‐forming potential and drug resistance, which are responsible for poor prognoses of bone sarcoma patients. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and identification of therapeutic targets could contribute to novel treatment strategies for bone sarcomas and improve patient prognosis. This paper provides an overview of the accumulating knowledge on bone sarcoma stem cells and preclinical analyses to overcome their lethal phenotypes, in addition to a discussion of their potential for novel therapeutics for bone sarcomas.
Acute Exercise and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Douglas Jessica Anne , Deighton Kevin , Atkinson Jan Maria , Sari-Sarraf Vahid , Stensel David John , Atkinson Greg
Published: December 2016

In lean individuals, acute aerobic exercise is reported to transiently suppress sensations of appetite, suppress blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin (AG), and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY). Findings in overweight/obese individuals have yet to be synthesised. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects that acute exercise has on AG and total PYY and GLP-1 in overweight/obese individuals. The potential for body mass index (BMI) to act as a moderator for AG was also explored. Six published studies (73 participants, 78% male, mean BMI: 30.6 kg·m−2) met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and standard errors were extracted for AG and total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations in control and exercise trials and synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis model. BMI was the predictor in metaregression for AG. Exercise moderately suppressed AG area-under-the-curve concentrations (pooled SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.15). The magnitude of this reduction was greater for higher mean BMIs (pooled metaregression slope: −0.04 SMD/kg·m−2 (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.00)). Trivial SMDs were obtained for total PYY (0.10, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31) and GLP-1 (−0.03, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.13). This indicates that exercise in overweight/obese individuals moderately alters AG in a direction that could be associated with decreased hunger and energy intake. This trial is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42014006265.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Induces the Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) in Human Macrophages
Authors: Chinetti-Gbaguidi G. , Copin C. , Derudas B. , Marx N. , Eechkoute J. , Staels B.
Published: December 2016

Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the blood coagulation cascade after interaction with the activated factor VII (FVIIa). Moreover, the TF/FVIIa complex also activates intracellular signalling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. The TF/FVIIa complex is inhibited by the tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that, together with PPARα and PPARβ/δ, controls macrophage functions. However, whether PPARγ activation modulates the expression of TFP1-1 in human macrophages is not known. Here we report that PPARγ activation increases the expression of TFPI-1 in human macrophages in vitro as well as in vivo in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The induction of TFPI-1 expression by PPARγ ligands, an effect shared by the activation of PPARα and PPARβ/δ, occurs also in proinflammatory M1 and in anti-inflammatory M2 polarized macrophages. As a functional consequence, treatment with PPARγ ligands significantly reduces the inflammatory response induced by FVIIa, as measured by variations in the IL-8, MMP-2, and MCP-1 expression. These data identify a novel role for PPARγ in the control of TF the pathway.
Plasma Treatment ofAgaveFiber Powder and Its Effect on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Composites Based on Polyethylene
Authors: Corral Florentino Soriano , Nava Luis Antonio Calva , Hernández Ernesto Hernández , Gámez José Francisco Hernández , Velázquez María Guadalupe Neira , Sierra María Isabel Montalvo , Morones Pablo González , Gómez Ramón Enrique Díaz De León
Published: December 2016

Composites based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared withAgavefiber powder (AFP) that was coated by plasma polymerization process using ethylene gas. Treated and pristine AFP were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact water angle for the assessment of surface properties. The polymer composites were prepared by melt mixing using 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt% of AFP and their mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Dispersion evaluation in water confirmed that the AFP treated changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior and it was also corroborated with water contact angle tests. The addition of treated and untreated AFP (200 mesh) at 20 wt% promotes an increase of Young’s modulus of the composites of up to 60% and 32%, respectively, in relation to the neat matrix. Also, an increase of crystallinity of LDPE was observed by the addition of treated and untreated AFP; however no significant effect on the crystallization temperature was observed in LDPE containing AFP.
A Novel Memcapacitor Model and Its Application for Generating Chaos
Authors: Wang Guangyi , Jiang Shiyi , Wang Xiaowei , Shen Yiran , Yuan Fang
Published: December 2016

Memristor and memcapacitor are new nonlinear devices with memory. We present a novel memcapacitor model that has the capability of capturing the behavior of a memcapacitor. Based on this model we also design a chaotic oscillator circuit that contains a HP memristor and the memcapacitor model for generating good pseudorandom sequences. Its dynamic behaviors, including equilibrium points, stability, and bifurcation characteristics, are analyzed in detail. It is found that the proposed oscillator can exhibit some complex phenomena, such as chaos, hyperchaos, coexisting attractors, abrupt chaos, and some novel bifurcations. Moreover, a scheme for digitally realizing this oscillator is provided by using the digital signal processor (DSP) technology. Then the random characteristics of the chaotic binary sequences generated from the oscillator are tested via the test suit of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The tested randomness definitely reaches the standards of NIST and is better than that of the well-known Lorenz system.