bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZNF8 Orchestrates with Smad3 to Promote Lung Metastasis by Recruiting SMYD3 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Geng Wenwen , An Junhua , Dong Ke , Zhang Hailu , Zhang Xiuyuan , Liu Yuchen , Xu Rong , Liu Yifan , Huang Xiaofen , Song Haiyun , Yan Wei , Sun Aihua , He Fuchu , Wang Jian , Gao Haidong , Tian Chunyan
Published: September 2024

Most deaths in breast cancer patients are attributed to metastasis, and lung metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis; therefore it is imperative to identify potential target for intervention. The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway plays a vital role in breast cancer metastasis, in which Smad3 is the key mediator and performs specific functions by binding with different cofactors. However, Smad3 cofactors involved in lung metastasis have not yet been identified. This study first establishes the interactome of Smad3 in breast cancer cells and identifies ZNF8 as a novel Smad3 cofactor. Furthermore, the results reveal that ZNF8 is closely associated with breast cancer lung metastasis prognosis, and specifically facilitates TGF‐β pathway‐mediated breast cancer lung metastasis by participating in multiple processes. Mechanistically, ZNF8 binds with Smad3 to enhance the H3K4me3 modification and promote the expression of lung metastasis signature genes by recruiting SMYD3. SMYD3 inhibition by BCI121 effectively prevents ZNF8‐mediated lung metastasis. Overall, the study identifies a novel cofactor of TGF‐β/Smad3 that promotes lung metastasis in breast cancer and introduces potential therapeutic strategies for the early management of breast cancer lung metastasis.
Novel pH‐Responsive Structural Rearrangement of Myristic Acid‐Conjugated Quetiapine Nanosuspension for Enhanced Long‐Acting Delivery Performance
Authors: Nguyen Hy Dinh , Ngo Hai Van , Lee Beom‐Jin
Published: September 2024

Quetiapine myristate (QM), an ester‐bonded lipophilic prodrug of quetiapine (QTP), is synthesized and converted into an amphiphilic structure in acidic pH to trigger a novel self‐assembled QM nanosuspension (QMN). Following injection, this QMN rearranges within physiological pH to form nanoaggregates in structure, resulting in enhanced physicochemical properties and in vivo therapeutic performance without an initial burst release. The 200‐nm‐sized QMN exhibits less invasive injection, higher drug content, and better storage stability profile than conventional poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanosuspensions containing QTP or QM. Following a single intramuscular injection to beagle dogs (35 mg kg−1 QTP), QMN undergoes pH‐responsive nanoaggregation to form the lipophilic prodrug, providing esterase‐oriented sustained release for five weeks compared with the two‐week period of PLGA nanosuspensions. Notably, QMN exhibits improved in vivo pharmacokinetic performance with long‐acting delivery while minimizing issues associated with polymeric PLGA formulations, including the initial massive burst release, cellular toxicity, and adverse side effects. These results support the further development of QMN as a novel long‐acting injectable to improve patient compliance and dosing frequency.
Nanotherapeutic Approaches of Interleukin‐3 to Clear the α‐Synuclein Pathology in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Ren Jian , Ding Liuyan , Zheng Shaohui , Ma Runfang , Zhang Mengran , Liu Yan , Liang Ruijing , Zhang Yunlong
Published: September 2024

Astrocyte‐microglia crosstalk is vital for neuronal survival and clearing aggregate accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases. While interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) has been reported to exert both protective and detrimental effects in neurodegenerative diseases, however, its role in α‐synuclein pathology remains unclear. In this study, it is found that astrocytic IL‐3 and microglial IL‐3R are positively responsive to α‐synuclein pathology in the brains of transgenic A53T Parkinson's disease (PD) mice and in an adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐human α‐synuclein (AAV‐hα‐Syn)‐injected PD mouse model. Exogenous IL‐3 infusion reduces behavioral abnormities and nigrostriatal α‐synuclein pathology. Mechanistically, IL‐3 induces microglial phagocytosis of pathological α‐synuclein while simultaneously stimulating dopaminergic (DA) neurons to clear pathological α‐synuclein via induction of autophagy through the IFN‐β/Irgm1 pathway. Due to its limited efficiency in crossing the blood–brain barrier, a precise IL‐3 delivery strategy is developed by cross‐linking IL‐3 and RVG29 with PEG‐Linker (RVG‐modified IL‐3 nanogels—RVG‐IL3 NGs). Intravenous administration of RVG‐IL3 NGs shows efficient uptake by microglia and DA neurons within the brain. RVG‐IL3 NGs ameliorate motor deficits and pathological α‐synuclein by improving microglial and neuronal function in the AAV‐hα‐Syn mouse model of PD. Collectively, IL‐3 may represent a feasible therapeutic strategy for PD.
Osteogenic‐Like Microenvironment of Renal Interstitium Induced by Osteomodulin Contributes to Randall's Plaque Formation
Authors: Zhu Zewu , Huang Fang , Gao Meng , Liu Minghui , Zhang Youjie , Tang Liang , Wu Jian , Yu Hao , He Cheng , Chen Jinbo , Yang Zhongqing , Chen Zhiyong , Li Yang , Chen Hequn , Lei Ting , Zeng Feng , Cui Yu
Published: September 2024

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are common and recurrent, lacking pharmacological prevention. Randall's plaques (RPs), calcium deposits in renal papillae, serve as niduses for some CaOx stones. This study explores the role of osteogenic‐like cells in RP formation resembling ossification. CaP crystals deposit around renal tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels in RP tissues. Human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) exhibit the highest osteogenic‐like differentiation potential compared to chloride voltage‐gated channel Ka positive tubular epithelial cells, aquaporin 2 positive collecting duct cells, and vascular endothelial cells, echoing the upregulated osteogenic markers primarily in hRIFs within RP tissues. Utilizing RNA‐seq, osteomodulin (OMD) is found to be upregulated in hRIFs within RP tissues and hRIFs following osteogenic induction. Furthermore, OMD colocalizes with CaP crystals and calcium vesicles within RP tissues. OMD can enhance osteogenic‐like differentiation of hRIFs in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, crystal deposits are attenuated in mice with Omd deletion in renal interstitial fibroblasts following CaOx nephrocalcinosis induction. Mechanically, a positive feedback loop of OMD/BMP2/BMPR1A/RUNX2/OMD drives hRIFs to adopt osteogenic‐like fates, by which OMD induces osteogenic‐like microenvironment of renal interstitium to participate in RP formation. We identify OMD upregulation as a pathological feature of RP, paving the way for preventing CaOx stones.
Thermal Metamaterials with Configurable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Yihui , Sha Wei , Xiao Mi , Gao Liang
Published: September 2024

Thermal metamaterials are typically achieved by mixing different natural materials to realize effective thermal conductivities (ETCs) that conventional materials do not possess. However, the necessity for multifunctional design of metamaterials, encompassing both thermal and mechanical functionalities, is somewhat overlooked, resulting in the fixation of mechanical properties in thermal metamaterials designed within current research endeavors. Thus far, conventional methods have faced challenges in designing thermal metamaterials with configurable mechanical properties because of intricate inherent relationships among the structural configuration, thermal and mechanical properties in metamaterials. Here, a data‐driven approach is proposed to design a thermal metamaterial capable of seamlessly achieving thermal functionalities and harnessing the advantages of microstructural diversity to configure its mechanical properties. The designed metamaterial possesses thermal cloaking functionality while exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties, such as load‐bearing capacity, shearing strength, and tensile resistance, thereby affording mechanical protection for the thermal metadevice. The proposed approach can generate numerous distinct inverse design candidate topological functional cells (TFCs), designing thermal metamaterials with dramatic improvements in mechanical properties compared to traditional ones, which sets up a novel paradigm for discovering thermal metamaterials with extraordinary mechanical structures. Furthermore, this approach also paves the way for investigating thermal metamaterials with additional physical properties.
Light‐Up Fluorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Achiral Interlocked Framework via Adaptive Lone Pair‐π Interaction Confinement
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhu Xuefeng , Han Jianlei , Liang Tongling , Wu Ningning , Xiang Junfeng , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: September 2024

Interactions between lone pairs and aromatic π systems are significant across biology and self‐assembled materials. Herein, employing an achiral confinement metal–organic framework (MOF) encapsulates guest molecules, it is successfully realized that lone pair (lp)‐π interaction induces fluorescence “turn‐on” and circularly polarized luminescence for the first time. The MOFs synthesized based on naphthalenediimide show nearly non‐emissive, which can be light‐up by introducing acetone or ester guests containing lone pairs‐π interaction. Furthermore, the introduction of a series of lp‐rich chiral esters induces supramolecular chirality as well as circularly polarized luminescence in achiral MOFs, while also observing chiral adaptability. This work first demonstrates the luminescence and chiral induction via lone pair electrons‐π interactions, presenting a fresh paradigm for the advancement of chiroptical materials.
Spin Manipulation of Co sites in Co9S8/Nb2CTx Mott–Schottky Heterojunction for Boosting the Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhao Weihua , Liu Jiameng , Tao Zheng , Zhang Yinpeng , Zhao Shuangrun , Zhang Zhihong , Du Miao
Published: September 2024

Regulating the adsorption of an intermediate on an electrocatalyst by manipulating the electron spin state of the transition metal is of great significance for promoting the activation of inert nitrogen molecules (N2) during the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). However, achieving this remains challenging. Herein, a novel 2D/2D Mott–Schottky heterojunction, Co9S8/Nb2CTx‐P, is developed as an eNRR catalyst. This is achieved through the in situ growth of cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) nanosheets over a Nb2CTx MXene using a solution plasma modification method. Transformation of the Co spin state from low (t2g6eg1) to high (t2g5eg2) is achieved by adjusting the interface electronic structure and sulfur vacancy of Co9S8/Nb2CTx‐P. The adsorption ability of N2 is optimized through high spin Co(II) with more unpaired electrons, significantly accelerating the *N2→*NNH kinetic process. The Co9S8/Nb2CTx‐P exhibits a high NH3 yield of 62.62 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 30.33% at −0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 m HCl. Additionally, it achieves an NH3 yield of 41.47 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and FE of 23.19% at −0.60 V versus RHE in 0.1 m Na2SO4. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for constructing heterojunction electrocatalysts for efficient eNRR.
Anion‐Reduction‐Catalysis Induced LiF‐Rich SEI Construction for High‐Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jin Chunqiao , Xiang Andrew , Wang Zixuan , He Qianqian , Li Bixuan , Zhang Xiaokun , Xiang Yong , Zhai Pengbo , Gong Yongji
Published: September 2024

The practical application of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) remains impeded by uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and unstable solid‐state electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium‐metal anodes. Constructing the inorganic‐rich SEI is considered as an effective strategy to realize the dense Li deposition and inhibit interfacial side reactions, thereby improving the lifespans of LMBs. Herein, an anion‐reduction‐catalysis mechanism is proposed to design a LiF‐rich SEI utilizing 2D tellurium (Te) nanosheets as catalysts, which are homogenously implanted on the substrate. Lithiophilic Te nanosheets can induce uniform Li nucleation and deposition through in situ lithiation reactions, while the resulting product Li2Te can reduce the energy barrier for anion decomposition and promote the generation of LiF in the SEI. Consequently, Li dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions are effectively suppressed, enabling long‐cycle‐life LMBs. The Te‐modified electrode in half‐cells delivers superior cycle life exceeding 500 cycles and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 97.8% at 5 mAh cm−2. The high‐energy‐density (405 Wh kg−1) pouch cells pairing the Te‐modified Li anodes with high‐mass‐loading LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) cathodes exhibit stable cycling performance with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% in carbonate electrolytes. This work provides a promising anion catalyst design for LiF‐rich SEI and paves the way for developing high‐energy‐density LMBs.
The Crucial Role of Organic Ligands on 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xi Jianing , Deng Yanyu , Liu Wenwen , Li Zhuowei , Liu Chunyu , Guo Wenbin
Published: September 2024

The exceptional performance and potential of 2D/3D perovskites for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extensively studied. However, selecting appropriate organic ligands is critical to this process. The incorporation of suitable ligands into the 2D layer can passivate surface defects, regulate energy level alignment, and significantly improve device stability. Conversely, using unsuitable ligands not only fails to achieve the desired functions, but also negatively impacts device efficiency by hindering charge carrier transport and causing energy level mismatch issues. Therefore, exploring the selection of organic ligands based on different requirements is essential. In this review, recent studies are classified based on the chemical structure of organic ligands, analyze their application requirements, and provide suggestions for choosing optimal organic ligands to construct 2D/3D perovskites. Additionally, the feasibility and necessity of utilizing more efficient organic ligands while providing guidance for future research on 2D/3D PSCs are emphasized.
Analyzing individual rent price ratios in eastern German agricultural land markets: A GAMLSS approach
Authors: Michels Marius , von Hobe Cord‐Friedrich , Merk Miryam Sarah , Kneib Thomas , Musshoff Oliver
Published: September 2024

This study explores the rent price ratio in agricultural land markets, crucial for evaluating market efficiency, policy needs, and farmer decision‐making. Traditionally, the analyses faced challenges due to the absence of concurrent sale and rent data for the same land, potentially leading to biased results. This research avoids this problem by utilizing a unique dataset from Eastern Germany, encompassing auction data from 2016 to 2019. This dataset is distinctive, containing both the purchase and lease price offers by individual farmers for the same agricultural land at a single point. Thus, this study overcomes the conventional limitations of using aggregated or non‐contemporaneous data. Hence, the focal point is to unravel the intricate relationship between individual rent price ratios and a myriad of influencing factors, including land characteristics and local farming structures. The use of Generalized Additive Models for Location, Shape, and Scale provides a robust framework for this analysis, offering a nuanced understanding of the distributional properties of individual rent price ratios. The study provides robust empirical evidence that highlights the need for adaptive and region‐specific policies if policy makers insist on intervening in the agricultural land market. Furthermore, promising points of departure for future research are identified. [EconLit Citation: Q15].
Coil Formation and Biomimetic Performance Characterization of Twisted Coiled Polymer Artificial Muscles
Authors: Witham Nicholas S. , Mersch Johannes , Selzer Lukas , Reiche Christopher F. , Solzbacher Florian
Published: September 2024

A biological muscle's force is nonlinearly constrained by its current state (force, length, and speed) and state history. To investigate if artificial muscles can mimic (i.e. biomimetic) the complete mechanical state spectrum of biological muscles, this study uses a novel method to characterize twisted coiled polymer actuators (TCPAs) mechanically. Thus, comprehensive and reproducible test procedures are established to verify artificial muscle biomimetics regarding stress, strain, and strain rate combinations intrinsic to biological muscle. A rheometer performs novel high‐precision mechanical characterization methods to comprehensively verify biomimetic performance. Sample twist level, torque, length, force, and temperature are controlled and measured during twist‐induced coiling, heatsetting/annealing, and mechanical testing. TCPAs are formed from linear low‐density polyethylene monofilament. Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) TCPAs generate larger stresses than biological muscle through the entire spectrum of strains—contracting more than 40%, exerting more than 0.3 MPa at rest length, and withstanding tension of 8 MPa without damage. Thus, the LLDPE TCPAs attain biological muscle performance statically, but additional tests are required to assess this dynamically. The mechanical performance of LLDPE TCPAs enables biomimetic actuation with an intelligent control and measurement system. Their high‐throughput textile manufacturability positions them for advanced biomechatronic applications—including prosthetics and exoskeletons.
Managing workplace AI risks and the future of work
Authors: Howard John , Schulte Paul
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI)—the field of computer science that designs machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence—has seen rapid advances in the development of foundation systems such as large language models. In the workplace, the adoption of AI technologies can result in a broad range of hazards and risks to workers, as illustrated by the recent growth in industrial robotics and algorithmic management. Sources of risk from deployment of AI technologies across society and in the workplace have led to numerous government and private sector guidelines that propose principles governing the design and use of trustworthy and ethical AI. As AI capabilities become integrated in devices, machines, and systems across industry sectors, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners will be challenged to manage AI risks to worker health, safety, and well‐being. Five risk management options are presented as ways to assure that only trustworthy and ethical AI enables workplace devices, machinery, and processes. AI technologies will play a significant role in the future of work. The occupational safety and health practice and research communities need to ensure that the promise of these new AI technologies results in benefit, not harm, to workers.
Palladium Catalyzed Direct Ortho C‐H Acylation of 4‐Phenylquinazoline Using Methylarenes as Acylation Reagents
Authors: Deng Tongtong , Hu Shan , Ying Xianyu , Wang Hui , Zhu Hongjun
Published: September 2024

A simple ortho‐acylation of 4‐phenylquinazoline by a Pd‐catalyzed oxidative C−H activation was developed, with moderate yields, in which no prefunctionalized methylarenes were used as acylation reagents. Moreover, this methodology tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Radical scavenging experiments indicate that the acylation involves a benzoyl radical pathway.
Fluorine Doping Mediated Epitaxial Growth of NaREF4 on TiO2 for Boosting NIR Light Utilization in Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kou Yufang , Liu Minchao , Zhou Qiaoyu , Lin Runfeng , Yu Hongyue , Hou Mengmeng , Ming Jiang , Tang Yi , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Zhang Fan , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Xiaomin
Published: September 2024

By integrating TiO2 with rare earth upconversion nanocrystals (NaREF4), efficient energy transfer can be achieved between the two subunits under near‐infrared (NIR) excitation, which hold tremendous potential in the fields of photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy (PDT), etc. However, in the previous studies, the combination of TiO2 with NaREF4 is a non‐epitaxial random blending mode, resulting in a diminished energy transfer efficiency between the NaREF4 and TiO2. Herein, we present a fluorine doping‐mediated epitaxial growth strategy for the synthesis of TiO2‐NaREF4 heteronanocrystals (HNCs). Due to the epitaxial growth connection, NaREF4 can transfer energy through phonon‐assisted pathway to TiO2, which is more efficient than the traditional indirect secondary photon excitation. Additionally, F doping brings oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 subunit, which further introduces new impurity energy levels in the intrinsic band gap of TiO2 subunit, and facilitates the energy transfer through phonon‐assisted method from NaREF4 to TiO2. As a proof of concept, TiO2‐NaGdF4 : Yb,Tm@NaYF4@NaGdF4 : Nd@NaYF4 HNCs were rationally constructed. Taking advantage of the dual‐model up‐ and downconversion luminescence of the delicately designed multi‐shell structured NaREF4 subunit, highly efficient photo‐response capability of the F‐doped TiO2 subunit and the efficient phonon‐assisted energy transfer between them, the prepared HNCs provide a distinctive nanoplatform for bioimaging‐guided NIR‐triggered PDT.
Puls EPR Methoden im Angstöm‐ bis Nanometerbereich geben Aufschluss über die konformationelle Flexibilität eines Fluorid‐Riboschalters
Authors: Remmel Laura , Meyer Andreas , Ackermann Katrin , Hagelueken Gregor , Bennati Marina , Bode Bela E.
Published: September 2024

Riboschalter steuern die Genregulation in Reaktion auf externe Reize wie Umweltfaktoren oder Ligandenbindung. Der fluoriderkennende Riboschalter aus Thermotoga petrophila ist eine komplexe regulatorische RNA, von der angenommen wird, an der Resistenz gegen die zytotoxische Wirkung von Fluorid beteiligt zu sein. Details der Struktur und Dynamik, die dem regulatorischen Mechanismus zugrunde liegen, werden derzeit diskutiert. Hier zeigen wir, dass mit einer Kombination aus Puls Elektronen‐Paramagnetischer‐Resonanz (ESR/EPR) Spektroskopien, die Abstände im Angström‐ bis Nanometerbereich detektiert, spezifische Bereiche konformationeller Flexibilität in diesem Riboschalter untersucht werden können. PELDOR (pulsed electron‐electron double resonance) zeigte eine ähnliche Präorganisation der Sensordomäne in drei Formen: der freien Aptamerform, der Mg2+‐gebundenen apo‐Form und der F−‐gebundenen holo‐Form. 19F ENDOR (electron‐nuclear double resonance) wurde verwendet, um die Struktur des aktiven Zentrums der F−‐gebundenen holo‐Form zu untersuchen. Abstandsverteilungen ohne vorherige strukturelle Informationen wurden mit auf der Kristallstruktur basierenden in silico Modellierungen der Spinmarkerkonformationen verglichen. Während PELDOR, welches die Peripherie der RNA Faltung untersucht, die konformationelle Flexibilität des RNA Rückgrats aufdeckte, zeigte ENDOR eine geringe strukturelle Heterogenität der Ligandenbindungstasche. Die Kombination aus PELDOR und ENDOR lieferte sub‐Angström‐präzise Einblicke in die strukturelle Organisation und Flexibilität eines Riboschalters, die mit anderen biophysikalischen Techniken nur schwer zu erreichen sind.
Asymmetric Catalytic Synthesis of Allylic Sulfenamides from Vinyl α‐Diazo Compounds by a Rearrangement Route
Authors: Xiao Zhijie , Pu Maoping , Li Yuzhen , Yang Wei , Wang Fei , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: September 2024

The asymmetric rearrangement of allylic sulfilimines is an effective route to synthetically attractive targets, such as allylic sulfenamides. The current methods are limited to chirality transfer from chiral allylic sulfilimine precursors. Herein, we report a general and fundamentally new rearrangement route to access optically enriched allylic sulfenamides and their derivatives. The process involves S‐alkylation and an unusual S‐to‐N rearrangement step. A chiral nickel complex enables the transformation of a broad scope of sulfenamides and vinyl α‐diazo pyrazoleamides under mild conditions. Various allylic sulfenamides have been synthesized with excellent γ‐regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, and can be efficiently converted into sulfinamide and 4‐aminobutenoic acid derivatives. In addition, DFT calculations demonstrate the connection between the spin state and conformation of the nickel vinyl carbenoid, as well as an unknown rearrangement process.
Towards Stable Helical Structures with Enhanced Molecular Conductance by Strengthening Through‐Space Conjugation
Authors: Jiao Shaoshao , Shen Pingchuan , Li Jinshi , Dong Xiaobin , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin
Published: September 2024

Developing long‐chain molecules with stable helical structures is of significant importance for understanding and modulating the properties and functions of helical biological macromolecules, but challenging. In this work, an effective and facile approach to stabilize folded helical structures by strengthening through‐space conjugation is proposed, using new ortho‐hexaphenylene (o‐HP) derivatives as models. The structure–activity relationship between the through‐space conjugation and charge‐transport behavior of the prepared folded helical o‐HP derivatives is experimentally and theoretically investigated. It is demonstrated that the through‐space conjugation within o‐HP derivatives can be strengthened by introducing electron‐withdrawing pyridine and pyrazine rings, which can effectively stabilize the helical structures of o‐HP derivatives. Moreover, scanning tunneling microscopy‐break junction measurements reveal that the stable regular helical structures of o‐HP derivatives open‐up dominant through‐space charge‐transport pathways, and the single‐molecule conductance is enhanced by more than 70 % by strengthening through‐space conjugation with pyridine and pyrazine. However, the through‐bond charge transport pathways contribute much less to the conductance of o‐HP derivatives. These results not only provide a new method for exploring stable helical molecules, but also provide a stepping stone for deciphering and modulating the charge‐transport behavior of helical systems at the single‐molecule level.
Upcycling of recycled polyethylene for rotomolding applications via dicumyl peroxide crosslinking
Authors: Ahmad Hibal , Rodrigue Denis
Published: September 2024

Polyethylene (PE), including high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), makes up a significant part of post‐consumer plastics in municipal solid waste, presenting challenges for traditional recycling methods due to a wide range of melt flow properties and poor interfacial adhesion between the different resin, which often leads to low quality products (downcycling). In this study, a method is proposed to modify the molecular structure of post‐consumer PE (rHDPE and rLDPE) and their blends by using a straightforward organic peroxide crosslinking technique with 1 phr of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Different rHDPE/rLDPE blend weight ratios (0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 80/20, and 100/0) were prepared using a combination of co‐rotating twin‐screw extrusion and pulverization. The final parts were produced via rotomolding where both the forming and crosslinking processes occurred concurrently. Subsequently, the materials were characterized in terms of chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It was found that the tensile strength (228%), tensile modulus (345%), flexural strength (145%), and flexural modulus (251%) increased by crosslinking the 80% wt. rHDPE (x‐rHDPE). Conversely, the gel content increased by 17%, thermal resistance by 37.2%, and the impact strength by 93% with 80% wt. rLDPE (x‐rLDPE). It can be concluded that a balance between the properties occurs as the addition of DCP improved both the interfacial adhesion and melt properties of rHDPE/rLDPE blends. This innovative approach represents a simple and straightforward method to upcycle mixed plastics (PE) streams, especially for rotomolding applications. It also offers promising avenues for sustainable waste management and material reuse.
Organic Ferroelectrics for Regulation of Electronic and Ionic Transport Toward Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Lee Minsub , Jeong Beomjin
Published: September 2024

Organic ferroelectrics (OFEs) have been of significant research interest not only for nonvolatile memory applications but also for their unique material characteristics such as mechanical softness, biocompatibility, facile processibility, and chemically tailorable functionalities that inorganic counterparts are hard to achieve. Despite these promising merits, the utilization of OFEs has mainly focused on simply demonstrating flexible nonvolatile memories wherein modulation of electronic conductance is of interest. Recent studies indicate that the applicability of OFEs can be further extensive, particularly when combined with electronic, ionic, and mixed electronic‐ionic conducting media. Herein, we discuss that OFEs can be employed for the regulation of electronic as well as ionic charges, and lead to unique device behaviors. First, we comprehensively introduce organic ferroelectric materials classified with their structures and compositions. Next, we discuss recent studies where organic ferroelectricity has been incorporated with electronic, ionic, or mixed transport system to resolve issues in devices and endow multifunctionality, which are promising for neuromorphic computing and sensory memory systems. Finally, insight into the research direction of OFEs is provided, and what hurdles shall be overcome for real‐world applications.
Ureter‐ileum‐interposition: Combined experience from two high‐volume centres
Authors: Pikul Maksym , Pfister David , Rieger Constantin , Bach Christian , Voylenko Oleg , Stakhovskyi Oleksandr , Semko Sofiya , Vitruk Iurii , Kononenko Oleksii , Stakhovsky Eduard , Heidenreich Axel
Published: September 2024

The current study aimed to evaluate short‐ and long‐term complication rates and functional outcomes in a substantial cohort of patients undergoing ileal ureter interposition at two high‐volume medical centres.

Materials and methods

A retrospective single‐arm analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ureter reconstruction using ileum between 2003 and 2022 at the University Clinic of Cologne and the National Cancer Institute of Ukraine. Data on aetiology, surgical techniques, pre‐ and postoperative kidney function changes, readmission rates and complication management were collected. Postoperative complications were classified according to Clavien–Dindo, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD‐EPI formula.

Results

Results revealed 107 cases with consistent data. Within 90 days post‐surgery, 53% experienced complications, mainly graded as I–II. Grade III complications were seen in 13%, with two cases of grade IV complications leading to extended hospitalisation and patient death. The 90‐day mortality rate was 1.8%. Over a mean follow‐up of 52 months, clinically significant vesico‐renal refluxes occurred in 28%, with only 5.4% leading to persistent urinary tract infection. Antireflux techniques appeared to reduce urine upflow incidence compared with conventional interposition. Anastomosis stricture occurred in 15% of patients, with 63% requiring permanent re‐stenting and 37% needing re‐anastomosis. Metabolic acidosis was clinically significant in 7.5% of cases. A slight improvement in renal function was observed during the first year post‐surgery (average postoperative eGFR = 76 ± 22 ml/min; Mann–Witney U test, p = 0,0198). Affected kidney function improved in 56 (52%), was stable in 41 (38%) and deteriorated in 10 (9.3%). Loss of kidney function on the surgery side was seen in 4 (3.7%) patients and resulted in nephrectomy in 3 (2.8%) cases.

Conclusion

Ileal ureter interposition demonstrated a favourable safety profile and functional outcomes. This surgical intervention provides an effective tension‐free bypass, irrespective of healthy ureter length.
Excretion characteristics of main compounds of Yigong San in urine, feces, and bile of rats
Authors: Tao Jiayue , Li Hanyi , Jin Mingxuan , Shen Wenchao , Liu Siqi , Li Dan , Hou Jincai , Wang Rufeng
Published: September 2024

Yigong San (YGS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for pediatric anorexia, chronic atrophic gastritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, the excretion of eight main compounds, including liquiritin; isoliquiritin; hesperidin; ginsenosides Rb1, Re, and Rg1; and atractylenolides I and II, in rat urine, feces, and bile, was investigated by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the cumulative excretion rates of the compounds in rat urine, feces, and bile were 0.018–1.15%, 0.024–19.89%, and 0.0025–0.72%, respectively. Among the eight compounds detected, liquiritin was the richest in urine, and ginsenosides Re and Rg1 and atractylenolide I were mainly found in feces and bile. In summary, the main components of YGS are excreted via multiple approaches. Liquiritin is mainly through urine, whereas isoliquiritin; hesperidin; ginsenosides Rb1, Re, and Rg1; and atractylenolides I and II are mainly through feces. The excretion of these compounds in bile is usually positively correlated with that in feces. This study lays a foundation for further pharmacological research and application of YGS.
Mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma with vertebral metastases: A case report
Authors: Men Miaomiao , Wu Yousen , Tian Pengqi , Long Changyou , Zhou Lei , Fan Ting
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma is a rare subtype that often lacks specific imaging characteristics, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report describes a mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma with vertebral metastasis, emphasizing imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and pathological features, thereby providing crucial support for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Oral erythema multiforme attributed to herpes simplex virus: A less recognized variant
Authors: Dharel Santosh , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Oral Erythema Multiforme (EM) is considered rare and less described variant in the world of EM. Examination of oral cavity lesions poses various diagnostic challenges and thus a thorough examination with history can help to reach a diagnosis. Due to possibility of subsequent severe attacks of EM, it has to be identified early in the course for better outcome of the patient.

Erythema multiforme is an intriguing clinical entity characterized by acute, self‐limiting mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. It can occur due to various etiological factors including infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies; herpes simplex being the most common infection accounting for almost 90 percent of the overall cases. Here, we report a case of EM in an 8‐year‐old female child. The patient presented with an acute onset of crusting ulcers in the lips and oral cavity along with sparse cutaneous lesions around the lips. Based upon the patient's detailed history of prodromal symptoms, disease course and progression, careful clinical examination of wound and serology test, herpes simplex virus‐associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) was diagnosed ruling out other mucocutaneous diseases, such as pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and lichen planus. The patient was admitted and treated for HAEM. To conclude, a detail clinical history and thorough clinical examination suggested the diagnosis of EM followed by serology tests to confirm the HSV1 association where proper medicament with supportive care led to an uneventful management.
A case image of epicardial implants in a young male with mixed germ cell tumor
Authors: Ozgur Sacide S. , Elkattawy Sherif , Shamoon Yezin , Ahmad Abdullah , Perez Maria , Abboud Rachel , Shamoon Fayez
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Epicardial metastasis from mixed germ cell tumors is exceedingly rare and poses a significant risk for cardiac morbidity. This case highlights the crucial need for comprehensive systemic evaluation in patients with known malignancies presenting with cardiac symptoms.
Cardiophrenic lymph node metastasis as the sole presentation of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Henning Thomas Julius , Zouridis Andreas , Soleymani majd Hooman
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Cardiophrenic metastasis is typically a late stage manifestation of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma. Here we present a case where this was the sole presentation of this disease. This case challenges our current understanding of the natural course of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma.

Ovarian cancer is typically described to spread from its primary site within the fallopian tubes or ovaries into the peritoneal cavity and beyond with cardiophrenic lymph node involvement being considered a late stage disease process. Here we present the case of a lady in her 60s where increased metabolic activity of the cardiophrenic lymph node was picked up in the investigation of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Post‐thoracoscopic resection histopathological analysis of this lymph node showing an epithelial structure with positive immunohistochemical markers PAX8, WT1, ER, and p16 with a p53 wild type‐pattern were the sole presenting features of a high grade serous ovarian carcinoma, that was otherwise undetectable by radiological or hematological screening. Only histopathological analysis after modified radical hysterectomy in gynae‐oncological fashion were able to identify a 4 mm lesion within the left fallopian tube. This case questions our current understanding of the natural history of ovarian carcinomas.
Tuning the Thermal Stability of Tetra‐o–chloroazobenzene Derivatives by Transforming Push‐Pull to Push‐Push Systems
Authors: Goual Nawel , Métivier Rémi , Laurent Guillaume , Retailleau Pascal , Nakatani Keitaro , Xie Juan
Published: September 2024

Molecular photoswitches provide interesting tools to reversibly control various biological functions with light. Thanks to its small size and easy introduction into the biomolecules, azobenzene derivatives have been widely employed in the field of photopharmacology. All visible‐light switchable azobenzenes with controllable thermostability are highly demanded. Based on the reported tetra‐o‐chloroazobenzenes, we synthesized push‐pull systems, by introducing dialkyl amine and nitro groups as strong electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups on the para‐positions, and then transformed to push‐push systems by a simple reduction step. The developed push‐pull and push‐push tetra‐o‐chloroazobenzene derivatives displayed excellent photoswitching properties, as previously reported. The half‐life of the Z‐isomers can be tuned from milliseconds for the push‐pull system to several hours for the push‐push system. The n‐π* and π‐π* transitions have better resolution in the push‐push molecules, and excitation at different wavelengths can tune the E/Z ratio at the photostationary state. For one push‐pull molecule, structure and absorption spectra obtained from theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data, along with data on the push‐push counterpart.
Dynamic Phase Behavior of Surface‐Active Fluorinated Ionic Liquid Epoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Hegelmann Markus , Zuber Julian , Luibl Johannes , Jandl Christian , Korth Wolfgang , Jess Andreas , Cokoja Mirza
Published: September 2024

We report on the synthesis of amphiphobic fluorinated surface‐active ionic liquid (FSAIL) epoxidation catalysts, which show reversible temperature‐controlled solubility in water. The solubility of FSAILs containing the catalytically active perrhenate‐ and tungstate anions was studied in both the aqueous and the substrate phase, showing a significant solubility decrease in both media compared to their non‐fluorinated congeners. It was shown that both the epoxide product and the catalyst additive phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) are efficient in transferring the FSAIL catalyst into the organic phase, rendering the reaction homogeneous. The FSAILs were used as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins using aqueous H2O2 as oxidant, showing an exceptionally high catalytic activity at mild conditions. Catalyst recycling was demonstrated over ten consecutive runs by phase separation and subsequent product distillation.
Disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in Spanish social enterprises: An empirical study of audited special employment centers
Authors: Gómez‐González Elisabet , Cano‐Montero Elisa Isabel , Santos‐Peñalver Jesús Fernando , Chamizo‐González Julián
Published: September 2024

The research analyzes how certain factors such as activity sector, size, and economic‐financial performance can influence the level of disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in special employment centers. This publication is based on an empirical study applying a quantitative methodology in 194 social economy enterprises with data from 2020. The results confirm that companies that disclose sustainability information do so based on GRI standards and in all areas of sustainability. Belonging to certain activity sectors and size influence the disclosure of sustainability information. Also, the results show that assets, operating income, liquidity and economic profitability have an influence. This research contributes to improving the disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in social economy enterprises and provides indicators on management in sustainability aspects, useful for the analysis of subsidy management.
A novel topology of a non‐isolated bidirectional multiphase single inductor DC–DC converter
Authors: Igor Carvalho Lobato Gideon , Berrehil El Kattel Menaouar , Marcelo Antunes Fernando Luiz , Silva Sidelmo Magalhães , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a novel topology for a non‐isolated bidirectional multiphase single inductor (BMPSIC) DC–DC converter. The proposed BMPSIC requires only a single inductor, irrespective of the number of arms, and features reduced volume and weight compared to the total magnetics needed for a conventional converter with similar ratings. The proposed BMPSIC advantages include a high DC voltage gain without operating on a large duty cycle, voltage stress on the power switches equal to that at the high‐voltage port, easy implementation, and a lower cost for application at high‐power densities. Furthermore, this topology requires only one current and voltage control loop. This paper thoroughly details the steady‐state operating principles of the inductor current continuous mode. It provides theoretical and mathematical analysis, including a comparative analysis of the proposed BMPSIC against earlier DC–DC converters, highlighting the superior performance and efficiency of the BMPSIC. An 8‐kW laboratory prototype, designed as a proof of concept, has been meticulously developed and tested, showcasing the performance of the converter across a broad range of load variations. The efficiency measured for the rated load exceeded 98.2% at the low‐voltage port of 250 V and the high‐voltage port of 400 V. Additionally, the article features Video S1, which illustrates the functioning of the converter.
Sedative effects of propofol and risk factors for excessive sedation in the endoscopic treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases
Authors: Maruki Yuta , Hijioka Susumu , Yagi Shin , Takasaki Tetsuro , Chatto Mark , Fukuda Soma , Yamashige Daiki , Okamoto Kouhei , Agarie Daiki , Hara Hidenobu , Hagiwara Yuya , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Morizane Chigusa , Sone Miyuki , Okusaka Takuji , Saito Yutaka
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The safety and effectiveness of propofol in more complex endoscopic procedures, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate propofol sedation during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, ultrasound‐guided intervention, and gastroduodenal stenting and examine risk factors for excessive sedation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 870 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment with propofol sedation for biliary and pancreatic disease between October 2020 and September 2021. Sedation included propofol and fentanyl, with continuous monitoring of vital signs and the bispectral index. The assessed risk factors included age, complications, body mass index, treatment duration, and specialty.

Results

Distal bile duct treatment (n = 367), hilar bile duct treatment (n = 197), post‐small‐intestinal reconstruction treatment (n = 75), endoscopic ultrasound‐guided intervention (n = 140), and gastrointestinal obstruction treatment (n = 91) were performed. The rates of excessive sedation, hypoxemia, and hypotension were 7.8%, 6.0%, and 1.8%, respectively. Post‐small‐intestinal reconstruction treatment had the highest incidence rate of excessive sedation (16%), whereas endoscopic ultrasound‐guided intervention had the lowest incidence rate (4.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between excessive sedation and comorbid sleep apnea, obesity, and prolonged procedural time.

Conclusions

Obesity, sleep apnea syndrome, and prolonged procedure time are risk factors for excessive sedation related to propofol use. Thus, sedation techniques should be tailored for these patients.
DropletMask: Leveraging visual data for droplet impact analysis
Authors: Zhao Chuanning , Suh Youngjoon , Won Yoonjin
Published: September 2024

Machine learning‐assisted computer vision represents a state‐of‐the‐art technique for extracting meaningful features from visual data autonomously. This approach facilitates the quantitative analysis of images, enabling object detection and tracking. In this study, we utilize advanced computer vision to precisely identify droplet motions and quantify their impact forces with spatiotemporal resolution at the picoliter or millisecond scale. Droplets, captured by a high‐speed camera, are denoised through neuromorphic image processing. These processed images are employed to train convolutional neural networks, allowing the creation of segmented masks and bounding boxes around moving droplets. The trained networks further digitize time‐varying multi‐dimensional droplet features, such as droplet diameters, spreading and sliding motions, and corresponding impact forces. Our innovative method offers accurate measurement of small impact forces with a resolution of approximately 10 pico‐newtons for droplets in the micrometer range across various configurations with the time resolution at hundreds of microseconds.