bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Systematic Reviews with Large Language Models: Current Practices and Recommendations
Authors: HU Bo , Geng Liuna
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in systematic reviews, emphasizing their performance, consistency, and potential for cost efficiency. Through a systematic lineage search, we included 76 studies from 734 articles. The findings reveal that LLMs demonstrate moderate to high performance in title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. However, their performance is notably unstable in the stages of literature search and quality assessment. Prompt design emerges as a crucial factor, with Chain of Thought (CoT) prompts frequently enhancing results. While LLMs exhibit moderate to high agreement with human reviewers in some stages, their consistency in quality assessment remains comparatively lower. The research suggests that while LLMs cannot fully replace human reviewers, they serve as valuable assistants in systematic reviews, especially in reducing time and effort. The study also provides practical recommendations for integrating LLMs effectively and discusses the challenges and future research directions in this evolving field.
The Role of Resilience in Sexual Assault Revictimization
Authors: Wang Sharon S. , Blayney Jessica A. , Jaffe Anna E , Stappenbeck Cynthia A. , George William H. , Davis Kelly C.
Published: October 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to compare post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity for three victimization profiles: childhood sexual abuse (CSA)-only, adult sexual assault (ASA)-only, and CSA + ASA. Additionally, the study examined the role that resilience variables–mindfulness and emotion regulation–play in the association between victimization timing and PTSS severity.Method: Participants were 247 cisgender community women aged 21-30 recruited for a larger study on high-risk drinking and sexual behaviors. Victimization history was assessed using the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory and Sexual Experiences Survey-Revised. PTSS severity was measured with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Emotion regulation and mindfulness were evaluated using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-36 and Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire, respectively. Negative binomial regression models tested the hypotheses.Results: Analyses revealed significant differences in PTSS severity by victimization timing: CSA + ASA was associated with the greatest PTSS severity, followed by ASA-only, and CSA-only reporting the lowest severity. Mindfulness and emotion regulation were directly associated with reduced PTSS severity across all victimization profiles. Conclusions: Revictimization was linked to the most severe PTSS, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Mindfulness and emotion regulation may facilitate recovery by alleviating PTSS severity, regardless of victimization timing. Future interventions should prioritize enhancing psychological skills, like mindfulness and emotion regulation, to reduce distress for victim-survivors of sexual victimization.
Overeducation among EU and Third-Country Immigrants in Europe: The role of Institutions, Policies and Culture
Authors: Broschinski Sven , Heidenreich Martin
Published: October 2024

Faced with the demographic shift to a smaller and older labour force, the recruitment of migrants and their successful integration into the labour force is an essential challenge for all European countries. This article discusses the immigrant-native gap regarding the risk of overeducation for 28 European countries on the basis of the EU-LFS 2021 ad hoc module. Immigrants’ higher overeducation risks are interpreted as the result of processes of legal closure as well as statistical and taste-based discrimination. Higher overeducation rates of third country nationals (TCN) in contrast to EU migrants indicate that EU citizenship reduces discrimination and facilitates the recognition of educational certificates – they are skill-preserving devices for EU citizens but not for TCN. The large overeducation rates in particular in Southern Europe can be explained by segmented labour markets with higher unemployment and lower skill requirements increase overeducation risks, in particular for TCN. Moreover, it can be shown that EU citizenship, a higher educational level of the population, and more inclusive labour markets facilitate the occupational integration of immigrants.
Reforming the UCAS personal statement: An opportunity for greater transparency
Authors: Fryer Tom , Jones Steven , Zhang Bowen
Published: October 2024

There is considerable debate about the fairness of university admissions processes, particularly in national contexts with substantial prestige differences between providers. However, there does tend to be agreement that admissions processes should be transparent. This study investigates the extent to which undergraduate university admissions in the UK are transparent, particularly with regard to their use of an admissions essay called the UCAS personal statement. Our methods are twofold: 1) we assess whether university staff use the personal statement in ways that align with information on student-facing websites, and 2) we perform an in-depth transparency analysis of fifteen university course websites to assess the extent to which universities helped applicants to understand what a high-quality personal statement looked like. We find considerable evidence of issues related to transparency, with some examples of good practice. The paper concludes with several recommendations for providers to enhance their transparency. The 2025-26 reforms to the UCAS personal statement offer an opportunity for all universities to update their public-facing websites and guidance, so this paper represents a timely intervention.
The Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS): Bringing Open-Source Software Practices to the Scholarly Publishing Communityfor Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and Publishers
Authors: Diehl Patrick , Soneson Charlotte , Kurchin Rachel C , Mounce Ross , Katz Daniel S
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Open-source software (OSS) is a critical component of open science, but contributions to the OSS ecosystem are systematically undervalued in the current academic system. The Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS) contributes to addressing this by providing a venue (that is itself free, diamond open access, and all open-source, built in a layered structure using widely available elements/services of the scholarly publishing ecosystem) for publishing OSS, run in the style of OSS itself. A particularly distinctive element of JOSS is that it uses open peer review in a collaborative, iterative format, unlike most publishers. Additionally, all the components of the process—from the reviews to the papers to the software that is the subject of the papers to the software that the journal runs—are open.
Background: We describe JOSS’s history and its peer review process using an editorial bot, and we present statistics gathered from JOSS’s public review history on GitHub showing an increasing number of peer reviewed papers each year. We discuss the new JOSSCast and use it as a data source to understand reasons why interviewed authors decided to publish in JOSS.
Discussion and Outlook: JOSS’s process differs significantly from traditional journals, which has impeded JOSS’s inclusion in indexing services such as Web of Science. In turn, this discourages researchers within certain academic systems, such as Italy’s, which emphasize the importance of Web of Science and/or Scopus indexing for grant applications and promotions. JOSS is a fully diamond open-access journal with a cost of around US$5 per paper for the 401 papers published in 2023. The scalability of running JOSS with volunteers and financing JOSS with grants and donations is discussed.
Maverick or Front-runner? Army Modernization in Hungary in the Light of the Other Visegrad Countries
Authors:   Corvinus University of Budapest, Gallai Sándor , Gyuriss Dániel ,   Corvinus University of Budapest
Published: October 2024

This article compares Hungary's defence modernisation policy with that of the other Visegrad countries and finds that Poland has invested the most in developing its military capabilities and, together with the Czech Republic, has benefited considerably from rising international demand stimulated by the war. Both combined the purchase of modern equipment with the award of government contracts to local suppliers. Slovakia followed the same pattern, but without significant export capacity. Hungary, on the other hand, was unable to prevent the collapse of its former defence industry. As a result, its current development programme uniquely integrates the goals of army modernisation with the plan for rebuilding the sector, which relies heavily on the participation of large European companies, whose role is less important in the other countries. Two other distinctive features of the Hungarian modernisation policy are its embeddedness in broader economic and regional policies, and the creation of six distinct territorial clusters where the reorganisation of the sector is taking place.
Securitization of Cooperation: The Three Seas Initiative in the shadow of the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland, Lewkowicz Łukasz
Published: October 2024

The Three Seas Initiative (3SI) is a relatively new format of regional cooperation in Central Europe. The main objective of 3SI activities is the development of energy, transport and digital infrastructure in the region. Following the outbreak of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war in February 2014, the security dimension of 3SI activities has become more important. The last 3SI Summit was held in Vilnius in April 2024. The aim of this article is primarily to analyse the military dimension of the Three Seas Initiative's activities after the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2022. The text presents the military potential of the 3SI countries and the diversified approach of the member states to the Russian-Ukrainian war. It also analyses the Lithuanian 3SI perspective, the decisions of the Vilnius Summit and the prospects for 3SI military cooperation. Due to the relatively new nature of the research topic, the analysis focuses primarily on recently published specialist texts.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY PADA PRAKTIKUM KIMIA DASAR
Authors: Marisa Marisa , Lisa Fradisa
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan modul kimia dasar inkuiri terbimbing yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D), yaitu penelitian yang menghasilkan produk tertentu. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah model 4D yaitu define, design, develop, disseminate. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa angket yang terdiri dari lembar validitas dan lembar kepraktisan serta tes hasil belajar pada kemampuan praktikum kimia dasar. Modul praktikum kimia dasar divalidasi oleh tiga orang validasi yang terdiri dari tiga dosen yaitu 1 dosen kimia UNP, 2 dosen kimia Universitas Perintis Indnesia. Uji kepraktisan dilakukan oleh dua dosen kimia dan 30 mahasiswa program studi D III Analyzer. Hasil analisis validitas lembar, kepraktisan dosen dan kepraktisan mahasiswa menunjukkan skor rata-rata momen kappa (k) berturut-turut adalah 0,94, 092 dan 0,78. Ketiga nilai tersebut jika diinterpretasikan dalam kategori momen kappa, maka kategori validitas dan kepraktisan modul ini sangat tinggi, dan kepraktisan siswa dalam kategori tinggi. Modul yang berhasil dikembangkan sangat valid dan praktis digunakan untuk laboratorium kimia dasar.
Prospective Memory in People With Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Witkowska Marta Agata
Published: October 2024

Goal: The efficiency of the respiratory system determines patients’ good physical condition and proper functioning of the brain. The failure of this system is associated with the processes of physiological aging or diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reducing the transport of oxygen to the brain directly impairs mental performance. Prospective memory (PM) is a set of processes or abilities that enable the formulation, storage and implementation of goals and intentions in the future. It’s assumed that the type of disease and the degree of respiratory failure affect mental functions. Therefore the main aim of the study was to determine the general characteristics of PM functioning in people with selected respiratory diseases.
Method: The study involved 116 adults (mean age = 52.4 years; SD = 6.41) diagnosed with asthma (N = 30), COPD (N = 32), controls with allergic rhinitis (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 27). There were no statistically significant differences in education and age between the groups. The following methods were used: Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, WAIS-R Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Beck Depression Inventory and a clinical task based on The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT).
Results: People with COPD, compared to control groups and patients with asthma, scored lower on tests assessing cognitive functioning, including prospective memory (PM). Respiratory efficiency has been identified as the strongest predictor of PM dysfunction in patients with COPD and asthma.
Conclusion: Respiratory failure poses a risk of serious cognitive disorders associated with respiratory indicators. Patients diagnosed with asthma or COPD are required to actively engage in therapy, including anticipating situations that may lead to exacerbations. However, the results suggest that individuals with COPD may struggle to meet the therapeutic demands placed upon them.
ROMANTİK VE ERKEN 20. YY. DÖNEMLERİNDE KADIN BESTECİLERİN KEMAN REPERTUVARINA KATKILARI
Authors: Yetkin Gülmez Betül
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, batı müziğinde Romantik ve Erken 20. yüzyıl dönemlerinde yaşamış olan ve ön plana çıkan kadın bestecilerin keman eserlerini tespit etmek ve bu eserlerin yurt içi ve yurt dışı konser repertuvarlarında yer alması konusunda farkındalık yaratmaktır. Bu araştırma betimsel tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler vasıtasıyla elde edilen yazılı kaynaklar veri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması sürecinde bestecilere ait biyografiler ve keman eserlerine ait yazılı kaynaklar taranmıştır. Çalışmada belirlenen dönemlerde yaşamış olan kadın bestecilerden Louise Reichardt, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Josephine Lang, Clara Wieck Schumann, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, Louise Dumont Farrenc, Louise Héritte-Viardot, Cecile Chaminade, Lili Boulanger, Amy Marcy Cheney Beach ve Rebecca Clarke’ın biyografileri ve besteci kimlikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen kadın bestecilerden Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Clara Wieck Schumann, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, Louise Farrenc, Louise Héritte-Viardot, Cecile Chaminade, Lili Boulanger, Amy Marcy Cheney Beach ve Rebecca Clarke’ın usta müzisyen ve bestecilerle yaptıkları çalışmalara paralel olarak, keman çalgısını içinde barındıran farklı formlarda eserler yazdıkları görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda makale konusu dönemler içerisindeki kadın bestecilerin azımsanmayacak ölçüde keman eseri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu eserlerin günümüz konser repertuvarları ve eğitim müfredatı kapsamında değerlendirilmesinin sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.
Structural Changes in Liver Histology in Common Kilka Clupeonella caspia Svetovidov, 1941 under Anthropogenic Pressure
Authors: Nguyen T. H. V. , Grushko M. P. , Fedorova N. N. , Chaplygin V. A.
Published: October 2024

Histopathological changes are widely used as biomarkers of the health status of fish exposed to chemical compounds. Individuals of the common kilka Clupeonella caspia Svetovidov, 1941 caught from the Middle Caspian Sea exhibited significant changes in the cellular structure of the liver. The more common were signs of hyperemia: an edema of the liver parenchyma, vascular congestion, lympho-macrophage infiltration, small hemorrhages, and a narrowing of the bile duct lumen.
The paternalistic state and civil society: the problem of socio-economic inequality
Authors: Anisimova Galina
Published: October 2024

The issues of socio-economic inequality and stratification are quite relevant for modern Russia. At the same time, there is no objective justification for the inequality existing within the Russian population today, which undermines the basis for the formation of civil society. In the article the need for an active role of the state in regulating the level of socio-economic inequality is substantiated.
The effect of the Paradox of thrift on modern Russia and the ways of countering it with social fiscal instruments
Authors: Kapkanshchikov Sergey
Published: October 2024

The article explains the essence of the paradox of thrift and the reasons why it currently manifests itself in Russia and in a number of other countries, with an emphasis on the excessive income differentiation and insufficiency of social guarantees to the population, together with the policy of financial authorities aiming at the value increase of the sovereign funds while unemployment is still high. The Classical relationship between savings, investment, and GDP growth is contrasted with the Keynesian one – consumption – GDP growth – investment – while proving the much greater applicability of the latter to the assessment of current situation in Russia. The evolution of the share of savings in the Russian national product over the past three decades is presented, indicating the factors that determine it. Based on that, the author substantiates the need for dynamic optimization of the relationship between consumption and savings to accelerate the growth of Russian economy. To neutralize the paradox of thrift, the author suggests the ways of increasing the effectiveness of state social policy through a transition from the categorical principle of its formation to the principle of targeting and prioritization.
The Evolution of the Theory of Antitrust Regulation: From Ancient Philosophy to Economic Concepts of Competition and Monopoly
Authors: Makarov Andrey V.
Published: October 2024

Effectiveness of antitrust policy is actively discussed within the framework of both economic theory and practice of government regulation. Although the antimonopoly legislation in the modern sense has formed relatively recently, the theory of antimonopoly regulation was established over centuries under the influence of the greatest economists of the past and historical processes. The most important stages in the development of this theory are examined. The contribution of ancient philosophy and politics in the formation of basic ideas on competition and monopoly is analyzed. The revolution produced by classical political economy is studied. Specific (but historically important) Marxist and socialist positions on competition, free trade and monopolization are demonstrated. It is shown that these complicated historical discussions are important for solving current problems in the field of competition.
Canada’s Green Strategy as a Factor in Countering Global Challenges
Authors: Solyanova Maria V.
Published: October 2024

Canada, like many other countries, is increasingly focusing on transition to a green economy, realizing the problems associated with climate change, carbon emissions and the growing need for energy conservation. Canada is a large country with huge resources and potential for the development of a green economy. The Canadian approach to implementing a green strategy based on clean technologies and best production methods is comprehensively explored. Key government policies and programs to stimulate the development of green sectors of the economy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change are analyzed. The main projects and initiatives aiming to accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources and increase the level of energy efficiency, as well as measures to stimulate environmental consumption among the population and attract foreign investment in the field of green economy, were studied. The role of provinces, territories and municipalities in the development of a green economy are also discussed.
The Asylum Policy and Illegal Migration Control in the Czech Republic
Authors: Zakharov Ivan A. , Agafoshin Maksim M.
Published: October 2024

The change in the migration policy of the Czech Republic after 2015 with focus on illegal migration control and asylum policy are discussed. The authors preferred a separate consideration of the Czech position to a more widespread regional approach, allowing deeper understanding of the priorities of national migration policy. Analysis revealed that until recently this country was affected by the European migration crisis only slightly, but the narrative formed under its influence caused the growing popularity of anti-migrant sentiments, that influenced the change of the migration policy towards securitization and externalization. In the wake of theUkraine crisis these trends have become stronger. It is shown that the Czech Republic was able to neutralize the consequences of the current migration crisis, but it revealed a number of systemic problems related to the implementation of migration policy. The Czech Republic’s migration policy is guided by pan-European standards, but her impact on changes in EU migration legislation is becoming more noticeable. With the support of the Visegrad Group, Prague insists on the voluntary nature of the implementation of the directives of the European Commission and the principle of flexible solidarity, defending the national approach to solving migration problems.
Інфаркт міокарда з необструктивними коронарними артеріями: патогенетичні патерни та діагностичний пошук
Authors: Lypovetska S. Y.
Published: October 2024

The term MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries) refers to pathological conditions where there is evidence of myocardial necrosis due to a lack of blood flow but no significant coronary lesions are seen on angiography. This is working diagnosis, which requires careful investigation to identify specific causes: plaque rupture, coronary dissection, vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, thromboembolism, etc. Angiography alone, in most cases, does not lead to an etiological diagnosis. So additional techniques like intracoronary imaging and vasomotor function tests are important, especially in younger patients. This literature review demonstrates the main pathogenic patterns and diagnostic approachs for MINOCA patients.
Оцінка інформативності клініко-інструментальних та лабораторних показників у виявленні активності патогенетичних факторів, асоційованих зі змінами перебігу інфаркту міокарда в період воєнного стану
Authors: Shumakov O. V. , Parkhomenko O. M. , Lutay Ya. M. , Khomiakov D. V. , Sokolov M. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The aim – to establish markers of clinical and functional state development in patients with acute myocardial infarction inherent in wartime.Materials and methods. A cohort of 133 STEMI patients was examined (77.4 % men, 61.7±0.9 years). Part of the patients (group 1) was hospitalized from February to May 2019 (n=87), while the other part of them (group 2) was hospitalized in the period from February 24, 2022 to May 2023 (n=46) within the first 24 hours from the development of symptoms (average time of admission 5.2±0.4 hours). In order to eliminate discrepancies in indicators, which with a low probability are related to the action of wartime factors, comparable samples were made from groups 1 and 2 (52 patients and 17 patients, respectively). Comparison of groups was carried out based on clinical and anamnestic and laboratory parameters of the first day.Results and discussion. At the admission to the hospital, markers of a specific clinical and functional state in patients with STEMI due to the influence of wartime factors are: level of leukocytes > 13.0 · 109/L, monocytes > 0.5 · 109/L, lymphocytes > 1.2 . 109/L, triglycerides > 1.63 mmol/L, heart rate > 76 beats/min, as well as criteria made up of these indicators (in particular, products of the level of monocytes or lymphocytes, the level of triglycerides and heart rate, as well as the 7-component scale, which takes into account heart rate, ESR, glucose and triglyceride levels, as well as the number of monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets). Moreover, the increase in the number of monocytes is not associated with hospital complications in these patients. Instead, the level of triglycerides, the number of lymphocytes and platelets are directly related both to the influence of wartime factors and to the complicated hospital course of STEMI.Conclusions. The influence of wartime factors in patients with STEMI is combined with the response to myocardial damage. It leads to an increase in the risk of a complicated course of the hospital stage, as well as to specific clinical and laboratory changes. These changes make it possible to recognize the impact of wartime factors and patients at high risk of hospital course of myocardial infarction.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Keberlanjutan Kampung Budaya Polowijen, Malang
Authors: Nadhifatur Rifdah Balqis , Giriwati Novi Sunu Sri
Published: October 2024

Kampung Budaya Polowijen (KBP) di Malang merupakan kampung tematik yang bertujuan untuk melestarikan dan menghidupkan kembali tradisi dan kebudayaan lokal. Melalui partisipasi aktif masyarakat, KBP berhasil menjadi pusat pelestarian budaya dan destinasi wisata budaya yang unggul. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat serta metode partisipasi yang diterapkan dalam keberlanjutan wisata budaya di KBP. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan objek wisata yang unik, termasuk situs bersejarah dan atraksi budaya, menarik minat wisatawan dan mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat, didukung oleh investasi pemerintah dalam dana, pelatihan, serta peningkatan fasilitas dan infrastruktur. Partisipasi masyarakat di KBP mencapai tingkat "Delegation" dalam model partisipasi sosial Arnstein, di mana warga memiliki kekuatan dan kewenangan untuk mengawasi, mengelola, dan memastikan akuntabilitas program-program budaya. Warga berperan aktif dalam pembuatan rencana pengelolaan dan perencanaan kegiatan, yang mencerminkan kebutuhan dan aspirasi mereka. Implementasi PRA dan FGD berhasil menciptakan ruang dialog yang partisipatif, memungkinkan pengumpulan informasi yang kaya dan membangun konsensus di antara warga. Keberhasilan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelibatan masyarakat yang signifikan dalam pengelolaan budaya lokal dapat memastikan keberlanjutan dan kemajuan program-program pelestarian budaya.
Investigating the Stressors among University Students in China
Authors: Bingge He , Dr. Ooi Boon Keat
Published: October 2024

This research investigated the impact of stressors on stress levels among students in Shandong Province, China. Utilizing online and self-administered surveys, data was gathered from 384 respondents and was analyzed using SPSS. The findings revealed a positive correlation between relationships, personal factors, environmental factors, and students' stress levels. The study's theoretical implications, identification of research gaps in the literature, and culturally inclusive framework were highlighted. Moreover, the research suggested that Chinese painting therapy could promote mental peace, reduce stress levels, and enhance students' professional growth. By shedding light on stressors such as relationships, personal factors, and environmental factors, the study illustrated their influence on student stress levels. Given the increasing prevalence of stressors affecting students, the study recommended the implementation of Chinese painting experience classes in universities, which could alleviate stress and promote physical well-being. Furthermore, the research underscored the need for more studies examining how stressors contribute to heightened stress levels among students, emphasizing the significance of understanding the experiences of Chinese students in this context.
An Investigation into Vocational Preferences among University Students: A Case Study of Lahore Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Bilawal  , Mirza Waqas Ali  , Muhammad Atif Raza  , Muhammad Afnan Anjum
Published: October 2024

The preference for general academic degrees over technical education among youth in Pakistan is a trend that has been observed in recent years. This trend may be attributed to several factors, such as the perception that general academic degrees are more prestigious than technical education degrees, the belief that general academic degrees offer more diverse career opportunities and lack of awareness about the benefits of technical education. The preference for general academic degrees over technical education is not unique to Pakistan. This trend may be observed in many other countries as well. Therefore, the current study aimed to learn from student`s observations enrolled in general academic degrees to implement best practices in order to address this trend in Pakistan. A multifaceted approach was required to address the preference for general academic degrees over technical education among youth in Pakistan. This multifaceted approach focused on raising awareness, improving the quality of technical education programs, addressing the underlying factors, and learning from the experiences of other countries. Data was collected via a cross-sectional survey from the students of University of Management and Technology (UMT). The statistical results showed a significant association among low preference for technical education, preference for general university education, and preference for a white-collar job. Therefore, it was crucial to raise awareness regarding the benefits of technical education to address this trend. These benefits include development of practical skills, potential for higher earning, and alignment with the needs of labor market.
Neuro Controlled Object Retrieval System
Authors: Bhuvan H S  , Manjudarshan G N  , Aditya S M  , Dr. Keerti Kulkarni
Published: October 2024

In this time of digitization and computerization, the life of individuals is getting more straightforward as nearly everything is programmed. This interconnection of the things can be used to help people with physical disabilities including paralysis. The brain signals of such people can be harnessed to create an object retrieval system. In this work, the concentration levels of such individuals are extracted using the EEG signals. These signals are then used to control the electronic devices. The designed system has been tested to control robotic car and arm using brain signals. These systems enable users to control external devices through neural signals, presenting significant potential in healthcare, robotics, and human-computer interaction. This paper reviews the development and implementation of a Neuro Controlled Object Retrieval System, which allows a user to control a robotic arm using brainwave patterns to pick up and retrieve objects. The system leverages Electroencephalography (EEG) signals to interpret neural activity, processed using machine learning algorithms to translate brain commands into physical actions. The objective of this review is to explore the existing methodologies, technologies, and challenges associated with such systems. The paper also discusses the potential applications, future advancements, and the significance of this technology in enhancing assistive robotics and rehabilitation tools.
Perceptions, Barriers and Facilitating Strategies of Inclusive Research: A Qualitative Study with Expert Interviews
Authors: Abidi Latifa , Van Koeveringe Julia , Smolka Mareike , Van Lierop Brigitte , Bosma Hans , Alleva Jessica M. , Poole Nikita , Nagelhout Gera
Published: October 2024

Scientific research should be relevant to and include those considered to be disadvantaged and underrepresented. Investigating perceptions, barriers and strategies of inclusive research experienced by researchers can help address some of the challenges to inclusive research. This study explores what inclusive research is, why inclusive research is important, which barriers researchers experience, and which strategies they propose and deploy to address these barriers. We interviewed 15 researchers from the health sciences, (bio)medical sciences, and social sciences who have experience with inclusive research and conducted qualitative content analysis. We identified four important aspects of inclusive research: involvement of researched groups, accessibility, diversity and representativeness and enabling positive change. Societal, methodological, educational and ethical arguments were provided as reasons for why inclusive research is important. Main barriers were researchers’ lack of skills, lack of time and budget, and non-inclusive research materials. This study provides strategies for conducting inclusive research throughout the research cycle, applicable to a wide range of academic fields. We conclude that there is not one correct way to conduct inclusive research. Rather, the strategies can increase inclusivity in qualitative and quantitative studies.
АНАЛІЗ ОБІЗНАНОСТІ ЛІКАРІВ ІЗ ТЕХНОЛОГІЄЮ РОЗВИТКУ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Подаваленко Алла Павлівна , Зеленська Людмила Дмитрівна , Нессонова Тетяна Дмитрівна , Білера Наталія Владиславівна
Published: October 2024

Успішність безперервного навчання лікарів значною мірою залежить від рівня сформованості їхньої професійної компетентності, розвитку критичного мислення, креативності та здатності до професійного саморозвитку. Тож упровадження на циклах підвищення кваліфікації лікарів технологій розвитку критичного мислення є нагальною методичною проблемою сучасної вищої медичної освіти, оскільки дає змогу сформувати висококомпетентного фахівця. Метою роботи є встановлення рівня обізнаності лікарів з технологіями розвитку критичного мислення на заняттях післядипломної підготовки у Харківському національному медичному університеті шляхом анкетування. Опитування проводили за спеціально розробленими анкетами за допомогою Google Forms. В опитуванні взяли участь 194 здобувачі. Статистичну обробку матеріалів проводили в середовищі програм Microsoft Excel 2021 та Statistica 12.0 Trial Version для Windows. Результати опитування показали, що 40,0% респондентів вибрали варіанти відповідей, у яких наводилося визначення критичного мислення, що оцінювалося за найвищим балом. Зв’язку між типом циклу підвищення кваліфікації та кількістю балів, що відповідає вибраному варіанту, не встановлено (p > 0,05). Лікарів, які не знайомі із запропонованими методиками критичного мислення, виявилося 78,3%. Здебільшого лікарі застосовують активне навчання (57,73%) і аналіз наукових досліджень та клінічних доказів (54,64%). Майже всі лікарі вказали на здатність критично оцінювати інформацію. Вони усвідомлюють важливість та необхідність володіння методами критичного аналізу та розвитку критичного мислення у студентів-медиків. Таким чином, проведене дослідження дозволяє констатувати, що лікарі на заняттях післядипломної підготовки недостатньо володіють знаннями щодо технології критичного мислення. Водночас у професійній діяльності більшість лікарів використовує методи активного навчання та аналізу проблемних ситуацій. Лікарі вказують на важливість та необхідність упровадження технології розвитку критичного мислення в освітній процес лікарів на циклах післядипломної підготовки.
ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОЗИТИВНОГО КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО МОДУСУ СТОМАТОЛОГІВ: ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: Листопад Дарія Сергіївна , Лимар Леся Володимирівна
Published: October 2024

З урахуванням негативних наслідків погано сформованого комунікативного модусу стоматологів як частини soft skills важливість ефективної комунікації стоматологів усвідомлюється в усьому світі. У статті проаналізовано численні дослідження, які підтверджують, що комунікація зі стоматологом є важливою складовою частиною процесу лікування. Визначено, що в межах професійної підготовки стоматологів в Україні формування позитивного комунікативного модусу обумовлено включенням питань комунікації до навчальних програм підготовки стоматологів та відповідними компетентнісними вимогами до фахівців, проведенням тренінгів та семінарів для практикуючих стоматологів як частина їх неперервного професійного розвитку, розробленням методичних матеріалів з питань комунікації для неформальної освіти та для самоопрацювання фахівцями. В результаті проведеного огляду літературних джерел визначено основні підходи до вивчення комунікативного модусу у стоматологів: економічний аспект, адже позитивний комунікативний модус сприяє економічній доцільності роботи фахівця, привертаючи клієнтів та сприяючи встановленню довготривалих ділових відносин; аксіологічний аспект, оскільки емпатія є важливою складовою частиною комунікації та формує відносини між лікарем та пацієнтом; емоційний аспект, адже високий рівень емоційного інтелекту стоматологів необхідний для їх успішної професійної діяльності та утримання пацієнтів; мотиваційний аспект, бо мотиваційні фактори значно впливають на комунікативну поведінку стоматологів; практичний аспект, адже професійний розвиток стоматологів включає формування комунікативних навичок під час їх навчання. Всі науковці підтримують ідею, що розвиток комунікативних навичок під час навчання є критичним для підготовки майбутніх стоматологів. Від системи вищої медичної та стоматологічної освіти залежить, чи буде сформований у фахівця позитивний комунікативний модус, що підтверджують як українські, так і іноземні дослідження. Загалом ці дослідження надають всебічний огляд важливості комунікації, когнітивних навичок, емоційного інтелекту та професійного розвитку у галузі охорони здоров’я, зокрема у стоматології.
Sodium sulfite can reliably induce chemical hypoxia without toxic effects in the model sea anemone species, Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Qin Zhen , Vassura Lorenzo , Parodi Bianca , Laetz Elise
Published: October 2024

Climate change is accelerating deoxygenation in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, causing consequences for aerobic organisms. Empirically studying the effects of deoxygenation on biological processes is therefore critical. Multiple methods for inducing hypoxia in physiological studies have been developed, each with pros and cons. Using oxygen scavenger chemicals, such as sodium sulfite, to reliably and inexpensively induce hypoxia in aquatic systems is gaining popularity, however its potential toxicity remains unknown and studies decoupling exposure to the salt from its hypoxic effects are lacking. To address this, we investigated the effects of sodium sulfite and the product of its oxidation, sodium sulfate, on the model sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. To separate the effects of the salt itself and hypoxia, we provided vigorous aeration which quickly replaced sodium sulfite scavenged oxygen. In the first experiment, we exposed anemones to a hypoxia-inducing dosage of sodium sulfite (0.125 g/L), the equivalent concentration of sodium sulfate or a seawater control for two weeks under vigorous aeration to prevent actual hypoxia. Then, we measured the anemone’s metabolic rates and their thermal tolerance. We also measured the algae’s photosynthetic efficiency, cell density and reproduction. Neither sodium sulfite nor sodium sulfate exposure affected any of these parameters, allowing us to conclude that exposure to these salts at these concentrations is not toxic for E. diaphana. We then conducted a second experiment to determine how much sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate anemones could withstand before displaying behavioral signs of stress. After exposure to 70x (8.75 g/L), well beyond the concentration needed to induce anoxia when vigorous aeration is not provided, anemones showed no sign of stress, indicating that exposure to these salts at these concentrations is not acutely stressful. We therefore conclude that sodium sulfite is a viable and non-toxic way to scavenge oxygen and induce hypoxia in laboratory settings.
Optimization of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Dental Implant Selection
Authors: Takács Ágnes , Albert Judit
Published: October 2024

The long-term biomechanical performance of dental implants is significantly influenced by material composition, anticipated loads, and the geometry of the interface between the implant and the bone. This study applies multi-criteria decision-making methods to select an optimal construction strategy. Through finite element analysis, variables such as implant geometry and stress distribution during loading are integrated into the decisionmaking process. By processing the results of alternative implants, we ranked these alternatives using an Excel implementation of the VIKOR decision support method commonly used in the literature. Results indicate that the optimal stress distribution depends on the size and shape of the implant. Selecting symmetric fixation points and optimal distances may enhance implant stability and long-term performance.
The copyright and information digital accessibility for the visually impaired and disabled people
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Special Central Library for the Blind and Visually Impaired, Battalova Sania S.
Published: October 2024

The copyright norms are to balance the human rights and freedoms, public interests and the interests of authorship. The evolving international copyright law, along with protection of the authors’ rights and interests, provides for several limitations or exceptions from the authors’ rights at the national level, for special cases, if this is not prejudicial to using the work or to author’s rights. Russia’s accession to Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled (VIP Treaty) empowered amending the copyright norms with the exceptions and amendments for this user category. These exceptions and amendments are included into Article 1274 of RF Civil Code, and defined in the Decree No. 1999 of October 5, 2022, as regards to the formats, access requirements and organizations providing the corresponding services. However, these amendments and changes cannot solve all problems of access to printed information for visually impaired people.
Neurocognitive deficits in an adult road traffic accident victim
Authors: Anowar Afsana Benta , Basharat Anika
Published: October 2024

Road traffic accident (RTA) is very common phenomenon in our country and brain injury due to RTA is most common consequence. As there is brain injury, there might be psychiatric manifestation too. A case of neurocognitive disorder due to RTA had been illustrated here. Diagnosis was made by his complaints of forgetting things, self-talking, poor self-care and slowness. Clinician as well as psychiatrists should be aware of the scenario during clinical practice.
Bang J Psychiatry 2019; 33(1): 18-19
Mecanismos que promueven un empleo digno en la economía popular y solidaria, en la zona 6 del Ecuador
Authors: Quito Ordoñez Leslie Yamileth , Rosales Namicela Mónica Briggith
Published: October 2024

En Ecuador actualmente existe un alto nivel de desempleo, pues, según el INEC, en 2023 el 3,4% de la Población Económicamente Activa está en esa condición, afectando principalmente a jóvenes y a mujeres; esto ha ocasionado que muchas personas, en su afán por trabajar, sean presas de la informalidad. Considerando este contexto, es necesario volcar la mirada hacia el sector popular y solidario en su aporte a la generación de empleo digno porque su filosofía es erradicar la pobreza, bajo los principios de: solidaridad, cooperación, autogestión y equilibrio salarial. Con estos antecedentes, el objetivo central de esta investigación es identificar los mecanismos que promueven un empleo digno en la economía popular y solidaria en la zona 6 del Ecuador. Para la investigación, se aplicó el método mixto; en lo cualitativo se recurrió a una revisión bibliográfica, en lo cuantitativo se aplicó una encuesta a 118 organizaciones de la EPS. De los resultados encontrados de las 118 empresas encuestadas, el 90,67% cumplen con el pago del salariobásicos, el 74,57% brindan oportunidades de trabajo tanto a hombres y mujeres y, el 64,4% ofrecen todos los beneficios de ley; en tanto que el 64,49 de las organizaciones no cumplen con los derechos y principios fundamentales.
Palabras clave: economía popular y solidaria, empleo digno, sector financiero, sector real
AbstractIn Ecuador there is currently a high level of unemployment, since according to the INEC in 2023, 3.4% of the Economically Active Population will be in this condition, mainly affecting young people and women; this has caused many people in their desire to work to fall prey to informality. Considering this context, it is necessary to look towards the popular and supportive sector in its contribution to the generation of decent employment, because its philosophy is to eradicate poverty, under the principles of: solidarity, cooperation, self-management and salary balance. With this background, the central objective of this research is to identify the mechanisms that promote decent employment in the popular and solidarity economy in zone 6 of Ecuador. For the research, the mixed method was applied; Qualitatively, a bibliographic review was used; quantitatively, a survey was applied to 188 EPS organizations. The results of this study revealed that the mechanisms that promote decent employment in the EPS, such as fair wages, job security, fundamental principles and rights of the worker, and job opportunities for men and women; They have a relevant impact on the generation of decent employment, therefore, it is concluded that the EPS organizations in zone 6 of Ecuador are those that promote decent employment for their workers.
Keywords: popular and solidarity economy, decent employment, financial sector, real sector
Pré-natal odontológico em município de fronteira: limites no acesso e na promoção do cuidado
Authors: Mota Soraia Mayane Souza , Gomes Samuel Melo , Baggio Maria Aparecida , Silva Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio , Da Silva Rosane Meire Munhak , Zilly Adriana
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de profissionais de saúde e de gestantes brasileiras e brasiguaias acerca do pré-natal odontológico em um município de fronteira. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas com gestantes em atendimento de pré-natal na atenção primária, cirurgiões dentistas, médicos e enfermeiros atuantes neste nível de atenção, em Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil. A análise de dados aconteceu pela Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram seis categorias que versam sobre o acesso ao pré-natal odontológico; (des)conhecimento da gestante sobre sua importância; fragilidades na adesão ao pré-natal odontológico; ações individuais; (des)conhecimento dos profissionais; e a (des)atenção ao pré-natal odontológico na pandemia da COVID-19. O acesso das gestantes brasileiras e brasiguaias ao pré-natal odontológico foi facilitado e ocorreu por meio de encaminhamentos, principalmente de enfermeiros. As ações à saúde bucal foram individuais e culminou em baixa adesão ao pré-natal odontológico. Observou-se lacuna no conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros em relação à saúde bucal e cirurgiões dentistas demonstraram a necessidade de maior atenção às intervenções na gestação. Considerações Finais: Existem barreiras para o seguimento do cuidado odontológico nas unidades de saúde, relacionadas a falta de conhecimento da gestante e dos profissionais de saúde.