bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Studies of Stroke
Authors: McKevitt Christopher , Redfern Judith , Mold Freda , Wolfe Charles
Published: April 2004

Background and Purpose—

Qualitative studies are increasingly used to investigate social processes and phenomena influencing health behaviors and service provision. We aimed to identify the scope of published qualitative studies of stroke, consider their relevance to development and delivery of services for people with stroke, and make recommendations for future work.

Methods—

Literature review of published articles was identified by systematically searching online literature databases using keywords from the start of each database until 2002. Articles were reviewed by 2 authors, using a standardized matrix for data extraction. The 2003 European Stroke Initiative recommendations for stroke management were used to categorize the literature for consideration of its contribution to stroke research.

Results—

We included 95 articles. Their empirical contribution includes an emphasis on recording the “human” experience of stroke; identification of needs as perceived by patients and their families, differences in priorities between patients and professionals, and barriers to best-quality care. We identified 12 papers that were specifically undertaken to develop or evaluate interventions.

Conclusions—

Qualitative studies have addressed a wide range of issues related to the impact of stroke on individuals and caregivers, and to the organization and delivery of services. Significant problems remain in ensuring the delivery of best-quality stroke care, which such studies have the potential to address. Maximizing this potential requires greater collaboration between nonclinical and clinical scientists, service providers, and users to formulate research questions of interest as well as new research strategies, such as meta-analysis, to pool qualitative research findings and multisited investigations.
From Animal Abuse to Interhuman Violence? A Critical Review of the Progression Thesis
Authors: Beirne Piers
Published: April 2004

This paper reviews evidence of a progression from animal abuse to interhuman violence. It finds that the "progression thesis" is supported not by a coherent research program but by disparate studies often lacking methodological and conceptual clarity. Set in the context of a debate about the theoretical adequacy of concepts like "animal abuse" and "animal cruelty," it suggests that the link between animal abuse and interhuman violence should be sought not only in the personal biographies of those individuals who abuse animals but also in those institutionalized social practices where animal abuse is routine, widespread, and socially acceptable.
RHAMM expression and isoform balance predict aggressive disease and poor survival in multiple myeloma
Authors: Maxwell Christopher A. , Rasmussen Erik , Zhan Fenghuang , Keats Jonathan J. , Adamia Sophia , Strachan Erin , Crainie Mary , Walker Ronald , Belch Andrew R. , Pilarski Linda M. , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John , Reiman Tony
Published: April 2004

Multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells (PCs) express receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), a hyaluronan-binding, cytoskeleton and centrosome protein. The most abundant RHAMM isoforms in MM are full-length RHAMM (RHAMMFL) and the splice variant RHAMM-exon4. We separately examined the significance of RHAMM expression, and isoform balance, in 2 groups of MM patients. In oligonucleotide microarray experiments (n = 210, Arkansas), increasing RHAMM mRNA expression in MM PCs is strongly associated with osteolytic bone lesions (P < .001), and event-free (P = .05) and overall (P = .04) survival. Semiquantitative determination of RHAMM isoform expression (Alberta, Canada) used capillary electrophoretic detection and measurement of RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products. RHAMM isoforms are rarely expressed concurrently in single MM PCs; the pattern of isoform expression, at the single-cell level, is approximated in larger numbers of cells by the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio. Absolute RHAMM expression and the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio are only partially correlated in MM PCs; in cell lines, absolute RHAMM expression is elevated in mitosis, while RHAMM ratios remain stable. Temporal examination of MM patients' peripheral blood reveals that the RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio increases with disease burden. The RHAMM-exon4/RHAMMFL ratio in diagnostic bone marrow samples (n = 101, Alberta) is an independent prognostic factor. Thus, expression and splicing of RHAMM are important molecular determinants of disease severity in MM. (Blood. 2004;104:1151-1158)
Changes in peritoneal myeloid populations and their proinflammatory cytokine expression during infection withListeria monocytogenesare altered in the absence of γ/δ T cells
Authors: Skeen Marianne J , Freeman Molly M , Ziegler H Kirk
Published: April 2004

Evidence that γ/δ T cells play a broad, immunoregulatory role has been accumulating steadily. We show here that myeloid cells are disregulated after peritoneal infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice lacking γ/δ T cells. Inflammatory populations of neutrophils and monocytes recruited to the site of infection remained longer. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that frequencies of myeloid cells producing interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor α were higher and remained elevated longer after infection in mice genetically deficient in γ/δ T cells. In vivo dye-tracking studies indicated that the majority of inflammatory monocytes differentiated into resident tissue macrophages in situ. In vitro experiments confirmed that monocytes harvested from mice lacking γ/δ T cells were defective in their maturation process. This evidence suggests that γ/δ T cells promote differentiation in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. These cells are important for bactericidal activity, inflammatory cytokine production, clearance of inflammatory neutrophils, and ultimately, antigen presentation to T cells. Regulation of monocyte/macrophage differentiation may underlie a broad segment of the phenotypic alterations that have been reported in mice lacking γ/δ T cells.
Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Once‐Daily Aminoglycoside
Authors: Murry Kellie R. , McKinnon Peggy S. , Mitrzyk Beatriz , Rybak Michael J.
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To characterize nephrotoxicity associated with an individualized serum concentration target‐specific, once‐daily aminoglycoside (ODA) program.

Design. Concurrent and retrospective study.

Setting. University‐affiliated trauma hospital.

Patients. Two hundred patients treated with ODA and 100 treated with individualized traditional dosing (TDA).

Interventions. Empiric dosing for both groups was based on patient‐specific pharmacokinetics and severity of infection. Regimens were modified according to predetermined target maximum and minimum serum concentrations for both groups.

Measurements and Main Results. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 7.5% patients treated with ODA and 14.7% receiving TDA (p=0.05). Minimum serum concentrations, length of aminoglycoside therapy, and cumulative area under the curve (AUC) were all dependently related to nephrotoxicity, and concomitant vancomycin and other nephrotoxic drugs were independently related to the disorder. The cumulative AUC was greatest in patients receiving TDA (p=0.03), and the modeled probability of becoming toxic at any given cumulative AUC was significantly greater with TDA than with ODA (p<0.01). Clinical and microbiologic outcomes were similar between groups. Maximum concentration:minimum inhibitory concentration ratios were higher (p<0.01) and number of days to organism eradication was shorter in the ODA group (p=0.04).

Conclusion. The trend was toward decreased nephrotoxicity in patients treated with ODA compared with TDA, and at any given cumulative AUC, the risk of toxicity was lower for ODA.
Evaluation of the Functional Status Aspects of Health‐Related Quality of Life of Patients with Osteoarthritis Treated with Celecoxib
Authors: Zhao Sean Z. , McMillen James I. , Markenson Joseph A. , Dedhiya Seema D. , Zhao William W. , Osterhaus Jane T. , Yu Shawn S.
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To evaluate the functional status of patients with signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee after treatment with celecoxib compared with placebo and naproxen.

Design. Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, 12‐week trial.

Setting. Multicenter study conducted at 71 sites in the United States and Canada.

Patients. One thousand four patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee in a flare state.

Interventions. Patients were assigned randomly to one of five treatment groups: placebo; celecoxib 50 mg twice/day, 100 mg twice/day, and 200 mg twice/day; and naproxen 500 mg twice/day.

Measurements and Main Results. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to measure functional status. At the end of the treatment period, patients in the four active treatment groups had significantly better functional status than those receiving placebo. Patients treated with celecoxib 100 mg twice/day had significantly better improvements in pain scores than those treated with placebo and naproxen.

Conclusion. Celecoxib was better than placebo and comparable with naproxen in improving aspects of functional status in patients with osteoarthritis.
Underutilization of ACE Inhibitors in Heart Failure
Authors: Luzier Aileen Bown , DiTusa Lisanne
Published: April 2004

Although the beneficial effects of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction are well documented, historically, a large proportion of patients have not received optimal therapy. Published studies to describe the trends in ACE inhibitor utilization and determinants of their use were reviewed. In recent years the number of patients treated with ACE inhibitors has increased; however, a relatively small proportion of these patients received adequate therapeutic dosages. Attention to factors that impair proper use of these agents is essential to realize improved outcomes in these patients.
Warfarin—5‐FU Interaction — A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Kolesar Jill M. , Johnson Carrie L. , Freeberg Betty L. , Berlin Jordan D. , Schiller Joan H.
Published: April 2004

Five patients from a single institution received concomitant warfarin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) during a 3‐year period. The mean weekly warfarin dose before starting chemotherapy was 40.66 mg and during chemotherapy it was 24 mg (p=0.0026). All patients required a warfarin dosage reduction (range 18–74%, mean 44%). Two patients were hospitalized, one with a major retroperitoneal bleed, the other for fresh‐frozen plasma administration and observation. Maximum international normalized ratios (INRs) ranged from 3.66–23.7. This series confirms a common, clinically significant interaction between warfarin and 5‐FU. An interaction between capecitabine, the orally available prodrug of 5‐FU, and warfarin also has been reported. We recommend weekly monitoring of prothrombin time and INR for all patients receiving concomitant warfarin and 5‐FU or capecitabine.
Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole‐Induced Tremor in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Patterson Robert G. , Couchenour Rachel L.
Published: April 2004

Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is a widely administered antibiotic that is well tolerated by most patients. Hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal intolerance are the most common adverse events associated with it. Central nervous system adverse effects such as tremors are less common and occur primarily in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A 29‐year‐old immunocompetent man developed a tremor while taking TMP‐SMX. The tremor resolved within 2 days after the drug was discontinued.
Hemorrhagic Transformation in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Influence of Time to Artery Reopening and Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Fagan Susan C. , Garcia Julio H.
Published: April 2004

We used an adaptation of a well‐established rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) that is both minimally invasive and reproducible to determine the effects of time to reperfusion and administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) on the development of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in a rat model of acute stroke. Animals were randomized to receive either t‐PA 10 mg/kg (29 rats) or an equal volume of saline (29 rats) over 20 minutes, beginning 5 minutes before reperfusion. Time to artery reopening varied between 1 and 24 hours after MCAO in both groups. At 18–24 hours after ischemia, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were preserved for analysis of HT. Logistic regression was used to determine the influence of time on HT risk and calculate the time at which 50% of animals developed HT (HT50%). At 24 hours, HT was present in 17 of 29 animals in each group and was significantly influenced by the time of artery reopening: 3 (15%) of 20 animals reperfused less than 3 hours after onset of ischemia and 32 (84%) of 38 reperfused 3 or more hours after the onset of ischemia (p<0.001). There was no difference in HT50% between groups. Time to artery reopening is an important determinant of HT risk in this model of cerebral ischemia. This model may have utility in developing strategies to reduce HT formation after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute stroke.
HIV Protease Inhibitors: Advances in Therapy and Adverse Reactions, Including Metabolic Complications
Authors: Kaul Daniel R. , Cinti Sandro K. , Carver Peggy L. , Kazanjian Powel H.
Published: April 2004

Protease inhibitors (PIs) effectively inhibit replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and reduce mortality and prolong survival in patients with HIV infection. Newer PIs saquinavir (soft gelatin capsule) and amprenavir, as well as other PIs, may be effective when administered twice/day. Adverse reactions may occur, as well as metabolic complications and interactions between PIs and other drugs, including other PIs. The strategy of combining PIs is based on specific pharmacologic interactions among the agents.
Perspectives on Full-Body Skin Examinations Among Sexual and Gender Minority Patients
Authors: Verghese Michelle , Freeman Jincong Q. , Connor Brian W. , Hazra Aniruddha , Fisher Andrew R. , Rosenblatt Adena E.
Published: January 2024

This survey study assesses full-body skin examination rates among sexual and gender minority patients and investigates their comfort with and reasons for discomfort during these examinations.
Evaluation of industrial intelligence and evaluation of the effect of circular economy development: Inter‐provincial data from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Zhao Jianlin
Published: January 2024

As artificial intelligence and automation technology develop, the concept and application of intelligent manufacturing is recognized by more and more people, and the development trend of industrial enterprises' intelligence is gradually remarkable. In order to improve the industrial intelligence of an economy and indirectly promote its circular economy, this study uses fuzzy hierarchical analysis and feed‐forward neural network algorithm to construct an evaluation model of the intelligence of an economy and multiple linear regression to build an analytical model to evaluate the effect and impact of industrial intelligence on circular economy. Based on China's provincial economic yearbooks from 2012 to 2022, the total absolute difference between the average absolute error values of the hybrid fuzzy hierarchical analysis and feedforward neural network algorithm model, the traditional hierarchical analysis model and the manual evaluation method designed in this study are 0.14 and 0.31, respectively. In the industrial intelligentization ‐ industrial structure model, except for the proportion of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale, all other indicators have a significant positive effect, indicating that industrial intelligence, information construction and urbanization are conducive to economic scale growth. In the industrial intelligentization ‐ environmental bias technology progress model, the regression coefficients of the proportion of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale, industrial intelligence score, and postal communication per capita are 3.846, 0.8510, and 0.0381, respectively, which can accelerate the industrial transformation of the economy. In the industrial intelligence‐economic scale model, the percentage of output value of state‐owned enterprises above the scale significantly effects the environmental bias toward technological progress and the regression coefficient is −34.72, indicating that the lower percentage of state‐owned enterprises in the economic structure is more conducive to industrial intelligence. This study has some reference significance for auxiliary economies to carry out industrial intelligence and stimulate the development of circular economy.
Quality control of manufacturing enterprises based on computer and big data technology
Authors: Du Yu
Published: January 2024

The traditional manufacturing industry is facing the impact of Big Data, and all aspects of product research and development, process design, quality management, production and operation are urgently looking forward to the birth of innovative methods to cope with the challenges of big data in the industrial background. Although traditional manufacturing enterprises have initially established quality control information system, there are still many problems and limitations in the existing quality control system, which cannot meet the operation needs of manufacturing enterprises. This paper chooses the quality management of manufacturing enterprises as the research object, and uses advanced technologies such as computer, internet, big data and cloud computing to build a data system model of quality control of manufacturing enterprises. this paper optimizes the quality data processing process by establishing the quality monitoring model, and builds an intelligent quality supervision platform, and sets up the quality alarm rules for manufacturing enterprises. If the deviation between the actual value and the predicted value of the quality monitoring index is mapped between [0,1], the quality monitoring system can generate an outlier probability score. In this study, the traditional manual quality management is transformed into the management mode of the “internet + quality data” in order to realize the information, digital and intelligent quality management of manufacturing enterprises. This comprehensive research method combines modern digital technology and relevant theories of quality management to explore the optimization scheme of quality management of manufacturing enterprises, and also provides reference experience for the information construction of other similar enterprises.
Optical Management of Perovskite Solar Cells by Biomimetic‐Structured Polydimethylsiloxane Films
Authors: Ma Shaokun , Tao Longchen , Zhang Haitao , Qi Chenhan , Ye Tianhong , Zhu Xinyu , Li Baojun , Yun Da‐Qin , Sun Xufei , Zheng Lingling
Published: January 2024

The application of antireflective (AR) films is a promising optical management strategy to improve the light utilization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Plumeria petals of different colors are employed as the master mold for the first time to prepare biomimetic AR films. Hierarchical morphologies replicated from the petals have a primary characteristic size in tens of micrometer scale. A strong scattering effect happens when the incident light hits the AR films, leading to a remarkably reduced reflectance with broadband enhancement of the transmission over the entire visible range. With the incorporation of the biomimetic AR film, the highest power conversion efficiency for PSCs reaches 23.56% with a large short‐circuit density (Jsc) of 26.54 mA cm−2, corresponding to an average enhancement of 6.17%. The enhancement effect is verified under 1.5G AM radiation with different tilted angles and warm white LED light source with different light intensities. Furthermore, optical simulations are performed to illustrate the structure–effective relationship. This work offers an interesting experience by learning from nature and provides valuable references for further refining the design of the AR films in micrometer scale.
Investigation on Photo‐Assisted Fenton‐like Mechanism of Single‐Atom Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni Charge Transfer Bridge Across Six‐Membered Cavity of Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Li Di , Li Hongmiao , Wen Qi , Gao Chunyan , Song Fang , Zhou Jun
Published: January 2024

Herein, Mn, Fe, and Ni single atoms are designed to be embedded into the six‐membered cavity of the adjacent graphite phase carbon nitride layer, and the 2p orbitals of interlayer N atoms are hybridized with 3d orbitals of the Mn, Fe, and Ni single atom to form Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge transfer bridge throughout the six‐membered cavity of the graphite phase carbon nitride. The DFT calculations provide a clear explanation for how the p–d orbital hybridization of Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni atoms facilitate the creation of a charge‐transfer pathway. This pathway, which is located in the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge‐transfer bridge, serve as the catalyst for the degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride through photocatalysis. The photoatalytic activity is much higher than the graphite phase carbon nitride. The effects of the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge transfer bridge on the migration of photogenerated carriers, photocatalytic degradation performance, and degradation mechanism are discussed in detail. In order to improve the degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline hydrochloride, the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge‐transfer bridge is utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light exposure. The factors affecting the activation of PMS for oxytetracycline hydrochloride degradation are thoroughly investigated, and the degradation mechanism is also analyzed. This research contributes to a better comprehension of the photo‐assisted Fenton‐like effect of single‐atom photocatalysts.
Supramolecular Hydrogel with Ultra‐Rapid Cell‐Mediated Network Adaptation for Enhancing Cellular Metabolic Energetics and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Li Zhuo , Yang Boguang , Yang Zhengmeng , Xie Xian , Guo Zhengnan , Zhao Jianyang , Wang Ruinan , Fu Hao , Zhao Pengchao , Zhao Xin , Chen Guosong , Li Gang , Wei Fuxin , Bian Liming
Published: January 2024

Cellular energetics plays an important role in tissue regeneration, and the enhanced metabolic activity of delivered stem cells can accelerate tissue repair and regeneration. However, conventional hydrogels with limited network cell adaptability restrict cell–cell interactions and cell metabolic activities. In this work, it is shown that a cell‐adaptable hydrogel with high network dynamics enhances the glucose uptake and fatty acid β‐oxidation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared with a hydrogel with low network dynamics. It is further shown that the hMSCs encapsulated in the high dynamic hydrogels exhibit increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis via an E‐cadherin‐ and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐dependent mechanism. The in vivo evaluation further showed that the delivery of MSCs by the dynamic hydrogel enhanced in situ bone regeneration in an animal model. It is believed that the findings provide critical insights into the impact of stem cell–biomaterial interactions on cellular metabolic energetics and the underlying mechanisms.
Semimetallic Bismuthene with Edge‐Rich Dangling Bonds: Broad‐Spectrum‐Driven and Edge‐Confined Electron Enhancement Boosting CO2 Hydrogenation Reduction
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Hailong , Zhang Wei , Liu Heyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Huang Fangcheng , Liu Jinyuan , Liu Gaopeng , Yan Xingwang , Weng Yu‐Xiang , Li Huaming , She Yuanbin , Chu Paul K. , Xia Jiexiang
Published: January 2024

Broad‐spectrum‐driven high‐performance artificial photosynthesis is quite challenging. Herein, atomically ultrathin bismuthene with semimetallic properties is designed and demonstrated for broad‐spectrum (ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared light) (UV–vis–NIR)‐driven photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation. The trap states in the bandgap produced by edge dangling bonds prolong the lifetime of the photogenerated electrons from 90 ps in bulk Bi to 1650 ps in bismuthine, and excited‐state electrons are enriched at the edge of bismuthine. The edge dangling bonds of bismuthene as the active sites for adsorption/activation of CO2 increase the hybridization ability of the Bi 6p orbital and O 2p orbital to significantly reduce the catalytic reaction energy barrier and promote the formation of C─H bonds until the generation of CH4. Under λ ≥ 400 nm and λ ≥ 550 nm irradiation, the utilization ratios of photogenerated electron reduction CO2 hydrogenation to CO and CH4 for bismuthene are 58.24 and 300.50 times higher than those of bulk Bi, respectively. Moreover, bismuthene can extend the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to the near‐infrared region (λ ≥ 700 nm). This pioneering work employs the single semimetal element as an artificial photosynthetic catalyst to produce a broad spectral response.
Broadband and Tunable Microwave Absorption Properties from Large Magnetic Loss in Ni–Zn Ferrite
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Sharma Shweta , Li Wenjie , Nozariasbmarz Amin , Raman Lavanya , Liu Na , Goyal Gagan K , Zhang Yu , Perini Steven E. , Lanagan Michael , Priya Shashank , Poudel Bed
Published: January 2024

Highly effective electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber materials with strong reflection loss (RL) and a wide absorption bandwidth (EBW) in gigahertz (GHz) frequencies are crucial for advanced wireless applications and portable electronics. Traditional microwave absorbers lack magnetic loss and struggle with impedance matching, while ferrites are stable, exhibit excellent magnetic and dielectric losses, and offer better impedance matching. However, achieving the desired EBW in ferrites remains a challenge, necessitating further composition design. In this study, impedance matching is successfully enhanced and EBW in Ni–Zn ferrite is broadened by successive doping with Mn and Co , without incorporation of any polymer filler. It is found that Ni0.4Co0.1Zn0.5Fe1.9Mn0.1O4 material exhibits exceptional EM wave absorption, with a maximum RL of −48.7 dB. It also featured a significant EBW of 10.8 GHz, maintaining a 90% absorption rate (RL < −10 dB) for a thickness of 4.5 mm. These outstanding properties result from substantial magnetic losses and favorable impedance matching. These findings represent a significant step forward in the development of microwave absorber materials, addressing EM wave pollution concerns within GHz frequencies, including the frequency band used in popular 5G technology.
Window Grilles‐Inspired Detachable and Heatable AgNWs/PU Composite Films for Indoor Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Hu Jun , Lyu Pei , Liu Yuemei , Ren Jie , Sun Xiangdong , Wei Peng , Liu Xin
Published: January 2024

Long‐time indoor exposure to electromagnetic waves generated by electronic devices has posed a threat to the health of young life. The threat may intensify in low‐temperature environments due to low immunity. Prolific endeavors have focused on developing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials but failed to meet the visible, portable, and temperature‐controllable indoor‐use requirements. Herein, a detachable and heatable AgNWs/PU composite film is fabricated by facile spray coating and quick melting. The half‐inserted 3D network structure of AgNWs on PU ensures stable and high conductivity, thus endowing sufficient EMI shielding performance at 27 dB for indoor use. The high transparency (≥73.2%) and strong electrostatic force enable the detachable and portable use of the composite film. The resulting Joule heat at the voltage of 5 V endows a heatable property, which raises to 44.8 °C within 60 s. The AgNWs/PU composite film can self‐adhere in an indoor protective chamber, enabling visual monitoring and blocking electromagnetic radiation while keeping a comfortable inside temperature. The facile fabrication makes the self‐adhesive and multifunctional film possible in large‐scale production for practical application.
An Intelligent Glove System for Real‐Time Multiple Electrical Signal Acquisition and Display
Authors: Qiu Yulin , Dai Xingyi , Yang Jingkun , Liao Jiaying , Han Jiaxin , Wu Yinghui , Cao Yajun , Zhang Xuyang , Zhong Aihua , Ni He , Huang Long‐Biao
Published: January 2024

Realizing multimodal tactile perception for robots is highly desirable for achieving more intelligent human–machine interaction. A real‐time intelligent glove system that can capture and monitor hand tactile information, including pressure, bending, and temperature is proposed. This system processes the collected data and visualizes the tactile information in a 2D image. The intelligent glove system integrates a palm‐shaped sensor unit, a multi‐channel data acquisition board, and a data analysis module. The glove consists of 34 flexible sensors, including 28 pressure sensors, five bending sensors, and one temperature sensor, which convert biological information into electrical signals. By enhancing the performance of the system, the intelligent glove achieves high sensitivity and good fault tolerance, allowing it to analyze the multimodal tactile information of the entire hand with fast responsivity. By analyzing the acquired multi‐channel electrical signals, the system can analyze object shapes and various gripping states. This work paves the way for wearable devices used in multimodal tactile perception and promotes the emergence of new modes of human–machine interaction.
Surface‐Engineered Methylammonium Lead Bromide Single Crystals: A Platform for Fluorescent Security Tags and Photodetector Applications
Authors: Mahato Somnath , Tamulewicz‐Szwajkowska Magdalena , Singh Sudarshan , Kowal Dominik , Bose Shaona , Serafińczuk Jarosław , Czyż Krzysztof , Jędrzejewski Roman , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Ray Samit Kumar , Abdelhady Ahmed L.
Published: January 2024

Surface/interface engineering of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals (SCs) is crucial for carrier generation/recombination, separation, and transportation, thereby enabling superior optoelectronics. Herein, a surface‐engineered crystallization technique is presented in which a thin polycrystalline MAPbBr3 layer is in situ grown on the surface of bulk mm‐sized MAPbBr3 SCs. The growth direction and the atomic distribution of both the polycrystalline surface layer and the single crystalline core have been analyzed by damage‐free atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polycrystalline nature of the crystals gives rise to bright green emission under UV light. Scanning probe microscopy results show that the current at the emissive MAPbBr3 film/MAPbBr3 SC surface is five times higher than that at a non‐emissive surface when illuminated. Lateral photodetectors based on MAPbBr3 film/MAPbBr3 SCs can achieve excellent detectivities (≈1013 Jones) and high photoresponsivities (≈20 A W−1). Furthermore, a semiconductor‐based fluorescence quick response (FQR) code is patterned on the same bright green‐emitting surface of the MAPbBr3 film/MAPbBr3 SC using a picosecond laser pulse, with a scalability of 3 × 3 mm2. An FQR code integrated with a photodetector may serve as a potential double security tag in bank cards, passports, door security, etc.
Optimizing Emission Stability in Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Oxygen‐Plasma Treatment of NixOy Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Yan Zhen‐Li , Huang Hong‐Yu , Benas Jean‐Sebastien , Yang Ching‐Wei , Su Chun‐Jen , Liang Fang‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Tsai Hsinhan , Jeng Ru‐Jong , Kuo Chi‐Ching
Published: January 2024

Currently, wide‐color gamut perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are commonly controlled through halide composition tuning. However, the formation of perovskite crystals involving different ion radii of halogens often results in structural fragility and ionic defects, leading to emission instability during operation. This study showcases a novel approach to achieving a homogeneous and low‐defect crystalline state by regulating the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism of sky‐blue perovskite, thereby enhancing emission stability. Utilizing oxygen‐plasma treatment, a highly uniform surface energy is ensured for the nickel oxide acting as a hole transport layer. This treatment not only induces homogeneous nucleation of the perovskite layer but also effectively suppresses crystal defects. Simultaneously, the uniform surface energy alleviates halide phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening. Upon optimizing the fabrication conditions for sky‐blue perovskite, the resulting PeLEDs, featuring an electroluminescent peak at 486 nm, attain a luminance of 1125.3 cd m−2 with exceptional electroluminescent stability and a T50 lifetime. Furthermore, gaining insights into the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism in mix‐halides and perovskites contributes to the advancement of research on sky‐blue PeLEDs and offers valuable perspectives for future development.
Phosphine‐Free NNN‐Manganese(II) Catalyzed C‐alkylation of Methyl N‐Heteroarenes via Borrowing Hydrogen
Authors: Rong Qiang , Li Xiaojing , Sun Nan , Hu Baoxiang , Hu Xinquan , Jin Liqun
Published: January 2024

Mn(II)‐catalyzed alkylations of methyl N‐heteroarenes was reported via borrowing hydrogen strategy with alcohols as the alkylating reagent. The developed geometry‐constrained benzimidazole‐iminopyridyl ligand played a key role in promoting the transformation and stablizing the metal center. A wide range of alcohols (aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic) and methyl N‐Heteroarenes could be able to apply in the current catalytic system, with TON up to 7400.
Swelling via Impedimetry Using Specifically Adhered Hydrogels on Co‐Planar Microfabricated Electrodes
Authors: Whitney Lauren V. , Abasi Sara , Aggas John R. , Guiseppi‐Elie Anthony
Published: January 2024

Responsive hydrogels adhered to microfabricated electrodes find applicability as chemical or biological sensors and in electro‐stimulated drug delivery. A well‐defined method of cleaning, surface modification, and surface functionalization of microlithographically‐fabricated biochips composed of heterogeneous, abio surfaces (gold and glass) is presented for the reproducible adhesion of responsive hydrogels. The method uses cleaning approaches adapted from the semiconductor electronics industry and combines these with reactive organosilane chemistry to achieve the specific (covalent) attachment of UV cross‐linked, poly(HEMA‐co‐PEGMA‐co‐HMMA)‐based hydrogels. Specific attachment of hydrogels via acryloyl‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐3500 n‐hydroxysuccinimide (APNHS)‐functionalized surfaces and subsequent hydrogel hydration resulted in the strongest adhesive force as determined by centrifugal adhesion testing. Comparison with substrates functionalized via hydroxyl‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐3500 n‐hydroxysuccinimide (PNHS) confirmed the superiority of adhesion involving covalent bonding (APNHS) (4.48 kPa) versus hydrogen bonding (PNHS) (1.29 kPa). Adhered, fully hydrated and dehydrated hydrogels are characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and their hydration kinetics determined using impedimetry at a rationalized frequency. Impedimetry confirmed that p(HEMA‐co‐PEGMA‐co‐HMMA) hydrogels have an equilibration time of ≈30 min, a diffusion‐dependent rate coefficient k1 = 0.311 s−0.5 and relaxation‐dependent coefficient k2 = −0.022 s−1. Hydrogel swelling may be studied by impedimetry to fashion biomedical devices for co‐joined, real‐time biosensing with electro‐stimulated drug delivery.
e‐Bandage: Exploiting Smartphone as a Therapeutic Device for Cutaneous Wound Treatment
Authors: Yu Mengxia , Yi Chen , Lin Shuhuang , Ye Haoteng , Xue Jiacheng , Yin Jialin , Zhong Rengfeng , Yao Hongyu , Liao Huabao , Zhang Youzhi , Yang Jian , Guo Yongxin , Song Xue‐Jun , Ye Terry Tao
Published: January 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) radiation has demonstrated significant promise in skin tissue engineering and wound healing. However, the high cost and operational complexity associated with current specialized apparatuses have hindered their practical household use. In response to these issues, a flexible, battery‐free, wireless sensor–actuator NIR therapy system, offering real‐time physiological monitoring and active treatment to cutaneous wounds, is developed. The wound management system can be wirelessly powered, and transmits data to any near‐field communication‐compatible smartphone. The therapeutic prowess of our system for wound closure is computationally and experimentally demonstrated by promoting epithelial migration and modulating inflammation. Moreover, a novel feature is reported: the smartphone‐enabled system can precisely predict the wound stage via a temperature sensor pair, which can provide an effective timely intervention strategy for NIR wound therapy. Studies based on rat wound model successfully confirm the efficacy of the proposed strategy, showcasing a remarkable 30% enhancement in wound closure compared to control groups. The user‐friendly, effective wound management platform promises a revolutionary step toward accessible and efficient at‐home wound care.
Fine‐scale genetic structure in the orchidGymnadenia conopseais not associated with local density of flowering plants
Authors: Sletvold Nina , Joffard Nina , Söderquist Linus
Published: January 2024

Premise

Density‐dependent pollinator visitation can lead to density‐dependent mating patterns and within‐population genetic structure. InGymnadenia conopsea, individuals in low‐density patches receive more self pollen than individuals in high‐density patches, suggesting higher relatedness at low density. Ongoing fragmentation is also expected to cause more local matings, potentially leading to biparental inbreeding depression.

Methods

To evaluate whether relatedness decreases with local density, we analyzed 1315 SNP loci in 113 individuals within two large populations. We quantified within‐population genetic structure in one of the populations, recorded potential habitat barriers, and visualized gene flow using estimated effective migration surfaces (EEMS). We further estimated the magnitude of biparental inbreeding depression that would result from matings restricted to within 5 m.

Results

There was no significant relationship between local density and relatedness in any population. We detected significant fine‐scale genetic structure consistent with isolation by distance, with positive kinship coefficients at distances below 10 m. Kinship coefficients were low, and predicted biparental inbreeding depression resulting from matings within the closest 5 m was a modest 1–3%. The EEMS suggested that rocks and bushes may act as barriers to gene flow within a population.

Conclusions

The results suggest that increased self‐pollen deposition in sparse patches does not necessarily cause higher selfing rates or that inbreeding depression results in low establishment success of inbred individuals. The modest relatedness suggests that biparental inbreeding depression is unlikely to be an immediate problem following fragmentation of large populations. The results further indicate that habitat structure may contribute to governing fine‐scale genetic structure inG. conopsea.
As prey and pollinators, insects increase reproduction and allow for outcrossing in the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula
Authors: Hamon Laura E. , Youngsteadt Elsa , Irwin Rebecca E. , Sorenson Clyde E.
Published: January 2024

Premise

Understanding the factors that limit reproductive success is a key component of plant biology. Carnivorous plants rely on insects as both nutrient sources and pollinators, providing a unique system for studying the effects of both resource and pollen limitation on plant reproduction.

Methods

We conducted a field experiment using wild‐growing Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis (Droseraceae) in which we manipulated prey and pollen in a factorial design and measured flower production, number of fruits, and number of seeds. Because understanding reproduction requires knowledge of a plant species' reproductive and pollination biology, we also examined the pollination system, per‐visit pollinator effectiveness, and pollen‐ovule (P/O) ratio of D. muscipula.

Results

Plants that received supplemental prey produced more flowers than control plants. They also had a higher overall fitness estimate (number of flowers × fruit set (total fruits/total flowers) × seeds per fruit), although this benefit was significant only when prey supplementation occurred in the previous growing season. Neither pollen supplementation nor the interaction between pollen and prey supplementation significantly affected overall plant fitness.

Conclusions

This study reinforces the reliance of D. muscipula on adequate prey capture for flower, fruit, and seed production and a mobile pollen vector for reproduction, indicating the importance of considering insects as part of an effective conservation management plan for this species.
Neutrophils in sickle cell disease: Exploring their potential role as a therapeutic target
Authors: de Ligt Lydian A. , Gaartman Aafke E. , Biemond Bart J. , Fijnvandraat Karin , van Bruggen Robin , Nur Erfan
Published: January 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and recurrent microvascular occlusions, resulting in acute painful events and progressive organ damage. Although primarily a red blood cell disorder, the pathophysiology of SCD is increasingly characterized as a complex interplay between several different cell types and cellular processes. Evidence is accumulating that neutrophils are phenotypically different in SCD and have a significant contribution in the pathophysiology of the disease. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence on the role of neutrophils in SCD pathophysiology, demonstrating that neutrophils in SCD have an activated phenotype and play an important role in vaso‐occlusion and inflammation in SCD. Activation of neutrophils in SCD is primarily driven by hemolysis and ischemia–reperfusion injury. The ameliorating effects of treatments, for example, hydroxyurea, might be partly mediated by decreasing neutrophil counts and reversing the pro‐inflammatory properties. Whether the novel anti‐sickling therapies, reducing hemolysis, have an anti‐inflammatory effect on neutrophils, remains to be elucidated.
Family‐based genetic analysis in schizophrenia by whole‐exome sequence to identify rare pathogenic variants
Authors: Shang Binli , Yang Runxu , Lian Kun , Dong Lei , Liu Hongbing , Wang Tianlan , Yang Guangya , Xi Kang , Xu Xiufeng , Cheng Yuqi
Published: January 2024

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the causative loci and genes, few of these loci or genes can be repeated due to the high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of disease, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. There may be some “missing heritability” that has not yet been found. In order to investigate the deleterious heritable mutations, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in pedigrees with SCZ was used in the current work. Two unrelated pedigrees with SCZ were recruited to perform WES. Genetic analysis was next performed to find potential variants in accordance with the prioritized strategy. Followed by genetic analysis to detect candidate variants according to the prioritized strategy. Next, a series of algorithms was used to predict the pathogenicity of variants. Sanger sequencing was finally conducted to verify the co‐segregation. Recessive mutations in six genes (TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18 in Pedigree 1 and PKHD1L1 in Pedigree 2) that co‐segregated with SCZ in two families were discovered through genetic analysis by WES. Sanger sequencing verified that all of the mutations in the affected siblings were homozygous. These results corroborated the hypothesis that SCZ exhibits strong heterogeneity and complex inheritance patterns. The newly discovered homozygous variations deepen our understanding of the mutation spectrum and offer more proof for the involvement of TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18, and PKHD1L1 in the development of SCZ.
A Semisynthesis Platform for the Efficient Production and Exploration of Didemnin‐Based Drugs
Authors: Zhang Haili , Li Xuyang , Hui Zhen , Huang Shipeng , Cai Mingwei , Shi Wenguang , Lin Yang , Shen Jie , Sui Minghao , Lai Qiliang , Shao Zongze , Dou Jie , Luo Xiaozhou , Ge Yun , Tang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2024

Plitidepsin (or dehydrodidemnin B), an approved anticancer drug, belongs to the didemnin family of cyclic depsipeptides, which are found in limited quantities in marine tunicate extracts. Herein, we introduce a new approach that integrates microbial and chemical synthesis to generate plitidepsin and its analogues. We screened a Tistrella strain library to identify a potent didemnin B producer, and then introduced a second copy of the didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster into its genome, resulting in a didemnin B titer of approximately 75 mg/L. Next, we developed two straightforward chemical strategies to convert didemnin B into plitidepsin, one of which involved a one‐step synthetic route giving over 90 % overall yield. Furthermore, we synthesized 13 new didemnin derivatives and three didemnin probes, enabling research into structure–activity relationships and interactions between didemnin and proteins. Our study highlights the synergistic potential of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis in overcoming the challenge of producing complex natural products sustainably and at scale.
Pyrrole‐Based Fully Non‐fused Acceptor for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Wang Chaoyi , Wang Yafei , Qiao Jiawei , Ren Junzhen , Li Jiayao , Wang Wenxuan , Chen Zhihao , Yu Yue , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: January 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are still suffering from the low light utilization and unstable under ultraviolet irradiation. To tackle these challenges, we design and synthesize a non‐fused acceptor based on 1‐(2‐butyloctyl)‐1H‐pyrrole as π‐bridge unit, denoted as GS70, which serves as active layer in the front‐cell for constructing tandem OSCs with a parallel configuration. Benefiting from the well‐complementary absorption spectra with the rear‐cell, GS70‐based parallel tandem OSCs exhibit an improved photoelectron response over the range between 600–700 nm, yielding a high short‐circuit current density of 28.4 mA cm−2. The improvement in light utilization translates to a power conversion efficiency of 19.4 %, the highest value among all parallel tandem OSCs. Notably, owing to the intrinsic stability of GS70, the manufactured parallel tandem OSCs retain 84.9 % of their initial PCE after continuous illumination for 1000 hours. Overall, this work offers novel insight into the molecular design of low‐cost and stability non‐fused acceptors, emphasizing the importance of adopting a parallel tandem configuration for achieving efficient light harvesting and improved photostability in OSCs.