bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study of Care Partners
Authors: Makhnevich Alex , Marziliano Allison , Porreca Kristen , Gromova Valeria , Diefenbach Michael A. , Sinvani Liron
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) affects nearly 90% of hospitalized persons with dementia. Yet, little is known about the care partner experience. The purpose of our study was to describe the experience of care partners related to OD management in patients with dementia as they transition from the hospital to the community setting.

Method:

Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted telephone interviews with care partners of recently hospitalized older adults with dementia and OD. Interviews consisted of quantitative/qualitative assessments: communication with health care team, perception about risks/benefits of dysphagia diet, and informational needs. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data. For the qualitative data, transcripts were independently coded by research team and categorized into themes.

Results:

Of the care partners interviewed (
N
= 24), mean age was 63.5 (
SD
= 14.9), 62.5% were female, and 66.7% were White. Nearly 60% of patients had severe dementia, and 66.7% required feeding assistance. Care partners (
n
= 18) reported moderate burden of 14.11 (
SD
= 10.03). Most care partners (83.3%) first learned about OD during hospitalization. Only 29.2% of care partners reported that they discussed OD with a physician. Care partner perception of dysphagia diet risks/benefits ranged widely: 33.3% thought dysphagia diets would promote a more enjoyable existence. Over half (54.2%) of care partners indicated no choice regarding dysphagia diets was presented to them. Two thirds (
n
= 16) of care partners were nonadherent to diet recommendations; the top reason (
n
= 13%) was diet refusal by patients. Although 83.3% of care partners wanted additional information regarding dysphagia management, only 20.8% sought any.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight that care partners of persons with dementia face significant OD-related communication and informational gaps, which may lead to elevated burden. Future studies are needed to address unmet OD-related care partner needs.
Writing Instruction as an Authentic Context for Targeting Speech and Language Therapy Goals for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Secora Kristen , Wolbers Kimberly , Dostal Hannah
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This tutorial describes how a speech-language pathologist (SLP) might incorporate writing-based principles into therapy sessions to target a variety of speech and language goals for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children in addition to writing. We present an illustrative example of one SLP's experience implementing Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI), an approach to writing instruction designed for DHH students, within a public elementary school setting.

Method:

We motivate this tutorial by first reviewing the literature related to the challenges for SLPs in targeting written language within therapy settings and then discuss writing and communication difficulties for DHH students. We describe the components of SIWI with illustrative examples of how one SLP applied these principles within her therapy sessions with DHH students. The SIWI instructional approach integrates well with the roles and responsibilities of an SLP in providing therapy across a variety of communication domains for the DHH students. This tutorial describes how the SLP scaffolds production of various morphological and syntactic linguistic structures as a natural part of cocreating text with her students. The highly interactive nature of SIWI allows for targeting pragmatic language goals with student–student and student–SLP interactions. Students also have opportunities for practicing articulation when generating or revising ideas for the cocreated text and when rereading the text.

Conclusions:

SIWI provides a framework to address DHH students' speech and language goals within authentic writing activities that may support increased generalization into classroom academic tasks. We provide suggestions about how an SLP can incorporate the principles of SIWI into therapy sessions to integrate writing instruction with the various speech and language goals they already target as a part of implementing a student's Individualized Education Program.
An overview of power swing detection methods in distance relays and the factors involved
Authors: Taheri Behrooz , Hosseini Seyed Amir , Salehimehr Sirus
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, due to the simplicity of operation and proper coordination characteristics, distance relays are being extensively used in the protection of power transmission lines. Despite many advantages, the distance relay is exposed to a maloperation when a power swing phenomenon occurs. Power swings may occur due to major disturbances, such as switching lines, generator interruptions, and connecting or disconnecting a large part of the loads, causing outages in healthy lines. Detecting power swing and preventing distance relay maloperation has always been a challenge. In addition, different parameters can have a great impact on the performance of power swing detection methods. In this paper, these parameters and their effects are examined along with various methods for detecting power swings. Accordingly, this comprehensive review covers all aspects of power swing phenomenon and its detection, including causes of power swings, power swing detection methods, determining threshold values in power swing methods, effecting of compensated lines and wind farms in power swing detection methods, and testing power swing function in the distance relays. It is hoped that this study will be helpful for researchers in power system protection to find relevant references and develop new methods for power swing function.
Deeply supervised vestibule segmentation network for CT images with global context‐aware pyramid feature extraction
Authors: Chen Meijuan , Zhuo Li , Zhu Ziyao , Yin Hongxia , Li Xiaoguang , Wang Zhenchang
Published: December 2022

Accurate vestibule segmentation for CT images is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of congenital ear malformations and cochlear implant. However, it is still a challenging task due to extremely small size and irregular shape of vestibule. Here, a vestibule segmentation network for CT images is proposed under the basic encoder‐decoder framework. Firstly, a residual block based on channel attention mechanism, named Res‐CA block, is designed to guide the network to enhance the important features for the segmentation tasks while suppressing the irrelevant ones. And then, a global context‐aware pyramid feature extraction (GCPFE) module is proposed to capture multi‐receptive‐field global context information. Finally, active contour with elastic (ACE) loss function is adopted to guide network learning more detailed information of the boundary. Furthermore, deep supervision (DS) mechanism is employed to locate the boundaries finely, improving the robustness of the network. The experiments are conducted on the self‐established VestibuleDataset and UHRCT‐Dataset, as well as publicly available retinal dataset, namely DRIVE, to comprehensively verify the robustness and generalization capability of the proposed segmentation network. The experimental results show that the proposed network can achieve a superior performance.
Explosion risk assessment for already installed equipment
Authors: Părăian Mihaela , Jurca Adrian-Marius , Matei Dan , Mangu Sorin Iuliu
Published: December 2022

The equipment of installations for the processing, transport or storage of flammable substances which may generate an explosive atmosphere, in or around them, must be assessed in terms of the risk of explosions, both when they are put into operation or when the installation is modified and periodically for verify that the initial level of protection is maintained. The purpose of the assessment is to establish appropriate protective measures to prevent sources of ignition that could initiate explosive atmospheres. Explosion risk assessment is an obligation of the employer who must draw up an explosion protection document, as regulated in GD 1058/2006 transposing European Directive 1999/92/EC. The explosion risk assessment process focuses primarily on the formation of explosive atmospheres and then on the presence and activation of ignition sources. The principle of explosion protection is to reduce the probability of an ignition source occurring at the same time as the explosive atmosphere, to a minimum acceptable level according to the applicable norms and standards. The paper presents some aspects regarding the evaluation of the risk of explosions to already installed equipment, assembled in an installation, depending on the specific conditions.
Determination by standardized test methods of electrostatic discharge sensitivity of electric igniters in order to prevent their unexpected initiation
Authors: Păun Florin Adrian , Radu Mirela Ancuța , Păun Ana Petrina
Published: December 2022

In the case of use of the electric igniters, in various applications, depending on their field of use, there may be a risk of unexpected initiation by means of electrostatic discharges from persons, their clothing and / or objects isolated from the ground. Electrification and consequently the accumulation of dangerous electrostatic potentials on people and on their outerwear, generally takes place during the performance of work tasks, a situation in which due to the movements performed by the persons involved, there is the phenomenon of friction between different parts of clothing or between clothing and the person wearing the clothing. The presence of the risk of unexpected initiation of electric igniters by electrostatic discharge requires the adoption and implementation of measures to minimize their effects on the safety and health of workers and others. In view of the above, determining the performance of sensitivity of electric igniters to unexpected initiation by electrostatic discharge is very important as this depends on the safety and security of workers / persons involved in activities that require the use of these elements / products.
The effects of humidity and temperature on the lanyards performance
Authors: Crăciun Nicoleta
Published: December 2022

The lanyard is a component of personal fall protection systems which is connecting the body holding device at a reliable anchorage point. To ensure user’s safety, the lanyard must retain its protective properties during the whole service period. Because of the diversity of working environments that) the lanyards are used in, they tend to be often more affected by risk factors than any other component of the system. This study discusses the most frequent types of risk factors (such as humidity and heat) and their effect on the breaking strength of different types of lanyards. The results of the study show that each additional risk factor significantly decreases the mechanical strength of the lanyards which can lead to the creation of unfavorable conditions in the event of a fall. Conclusions on the main causes of the loss of the protective properties of lanyards are drawn and on the need for evaluation criterion according to which should be decided whether to continue or not the use of the lanyards.
General consideration regarding fault – find, tests and maintenance in the installations in hazardous areas
Authors: Burian Sorin , Colda Cosmin
Published: December 2022

The main topic of this paper is to analyse the approach to fault – finding, tests and maintenance regarding on what shall and shall not be done in an installation in hazardous area from the point of view of the explosion – protection safety. For a fault it is usual to be investigated by following a logical routine. This is one possible ways of proceeding developed from good engineering practice and experience in general terms. The test equipment for use in hazardous area will be either certified or uncertified. The maintenance is regarding in this paper from the point of view of SR EN 60079 – 17 starting from general requirements.
The relational system of the elderly after retirement
Authors: Corman Sorina
Published: December 2022

The paper presents a concise description of the relational system of the elderly after retirement. The main objectives of the paper are: to identify these relationships and how this relational system contributes to the acceptance of retirement; to highlight the specifics of the relationships of the elderly; to inventory the activities of the elderly that influence their relationships. The method used in this study is the interview-based survey and the results are obtained after interviewing twenty people. They are between 65 and 80 years old and some of them live in rural areas and others live in urban areas. The interviewees emphasized the importance of relating, after retirement, with family, friends, and the community. These relationships are based mainly on help: the elderly take care of their grandchildren, they work in the household; also, family, friends, neighbours, the community help them when they are in need (whether they are sick, unable to move or alone). Among the activities facilitating the development and consolidation of the relational system, the following stand out: agricultural work, household activities, caring for grandchildren, involvement in community life. The consolidation and development of the relational system is facilitated and enabled by activities such as: agricultural work, household activities, caring for grandchildren and involvement in the community life.
Software-as-a-Service Programs and Project management: A Case Study on Odoo ERP
Authors: Dura Codruţa Cornelia , Drigă Imola , Iordache Ana Maria Mihaela
Published: December 2022

The paper aims at presenting the particular way of implementing Odoo ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) within the Cloud environment, in order to manage the activities involved by a research project. To successfully achieve the objectives of the project - from choosing the research topic to writing the main body of study and disseminating critical information - the Odoo Project module allows the researchers to establish the stages involved in the implementation process, the description of related tasks, the appointment of persons responsible with the procedures of carrying out of the planned activities, the management of tasks in Kanban system, the drawing up of Gantt charts etc. The employment of Odoo ERP in scheduling research activities is highly accessible and easily opens the possibility to connect with other Odoo modules (such as accounting module or e-signature module), thereby saving significant amount of time and efforts related to the analysis of project status data. Moreover, the project progresses can be tracked by using simple devices with an Internet browser and a stable connection, which allow the access to the application via modern Cloud technologies.
Shaping a quality framework for IIoT companies
Authors: Dovleac Raluca
Published: December 2022

The technological progress of the past century has led to the emergence of integrated technologies such as those encompassed by the Internet of Things (IoT). Recently, IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) emerged as a first step to revolutionize the industrial sector, by taking advantage of modern technologies and capabilities such as: the interconnectivity of industrial devices, the usage of machine-to-machine communication (M2M), big data and machine learning in order to improve a company’s efficiency and operations reliability. At the same time, the concerns for quality management within these companies continues to remain a constant concern and while quality has also evolved in the past couple of years to match the requirements of Industry 4.0 enterprises, an unexplored direction is that of the relevance of quality frameworks in manufacturing and industrial enterprises. The present paper explores this research direction in order to help provide the guidelines for developing a quality framework for IIoT companies.
Special lifting and transport solutions for heavy and complex loads in the design of the lifting frame
Authors: Gaita Bogdan Ioan , Mortoiu Doina , Petrilean Dan Codrut , Tataru Andreea Cristina , Danci Marius
Published: December 2022

Approach and reasoning for developing new solutions and lifting methods, effectively manage risk. This comes in various forms, primarily reducing risk to staff and secondary, reducing or eliminating risk to plants and customers. This is why front-loading engineering solutions are being developed that provide improved safety, schedule improvement and cost efficiency. The paper presents solutions for lifting and transport systems in which alternative methods are used.
Fast calibration of weak Farima models
Authors: Hariz Samir Ben , Brouste Alexandre , Esstafa Youssef , Soltane Marius
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic properties of Le Cam’s one-step estimator for weak Fractionally AutoRegressive Integrated Moving-Average (FARIMA) models. For these models, noises are uncorrelated but neither necessarily independent nor martingale differences errors. We show under some regularity assumptions that the one-step estimator is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal with the same asymptotic variance as the least squares estimator. We show through simulations that the proposed estimator reduces computational time compared with the least squares estimator. An application for providing remotely computed indicators for time series is proposed.
Is Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate Promising for Improving 5000-m
Prediction in Running?
Authors: Quittmann Oliver Jan , Foitschik Tina , Vafa Ramin , Freitag Finn Jannis , Sparmann Nordin , Nolte Simon , Abel Thomas
Published: December 2022

Endurance running performance can be predicted by maximal oxygen uptake
(V̇O2max), the fractional utilisation of oxygen uptake
(%V̇O2max) and running economy at lactate
threshold (REOBLA). This study aims to assess maximal lactate
accumulation rate (ċLamax) in terms of improving running
performance prediction in trained athletes. Forty-four competitive female and
male runners/triathletes performed an incremental step test, a 100-m
sprint test and a ramp test to determine their metabolic profile. Stepwise
linear regression was used to predict 5000-m time trial performance. Split times
were recorded every 200-m to examine the ‘finishing kick’.
Females had a slower t5k and a lower V̇O2max,
ċLamax, ‘finishing kick’ and
REOBLA. Augmenting Joyner’s model by means of
ċLamax explained an additional 4.4% of variance
in performance. When performing the same analysis exclusively for males,
ċLamax was not included. ċLamax
significantly correlated with %V̇O2max
(r=-0.439, p=0.003) and the ‘finishing kick’
(r=0.389, p=0.010). ċLamax allows for
significant (yet minor) improvements in 5000-m performance prediction in a
mixed-sex group. This margin of improvement might differ in middle-distance
events. Due to the relationship to the ‘finishing kick’,
ċLamax might be related to individual pacing strategies,
which should be assessed in future research.
Arthroscopic Repair Versus Conservative Treatment for First-time
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Lei Dengqiang , Tang Bo , Li Yongjuan , Fan Cheng
Published: December 2022

To systematically compare the clinical efficacy of conservative treatment and
arthroscopic one-stage repair for patients with first-time anterior dislocation
of the shoulder. A retrieval and systematic review of randomized controlled
studies of primary anterior shoulder dislocation with conservative versus
arthroscopic repair was conducted and further pooled analysis was performed to
compare the overall difference in clinical outcomes, including redislocation and
revision surgery rates, shoulder function scores and related complications.
Preliminary meta-analysis showed that the risk of anterior shoulder
redislocation was 4.73-fold higher in patients treated conservatively than those
undergoing arthroscopic repair (RR:4.73 [2.95–7.58],
p<0.000; I2=0%,
p=0.920),and that the revision surgery rate was 5.91 times higher
in the conservative group than in the arthroscopic repair group (RR:5.91
[2.82–12.39], p<0.000; I2=0%,
p=0.560).Early arthroscopic repair can significantly reduce
the redislocation and revision surgery rates and also improve the shoulder joint
function score, without serious complications. However, it is necessary to
recognize the subset of patients with a higher risk of redislocation in young
patients through a high quality, blinded, prospective cohort study when early
arthroscopic repair intervention in this subset of high-risk patients will be of
significant clinical value.
Delaying Total Knee Arthroplasty More than 4 Weeks after Intra-Articular Knee Injection Does Not Further Decrease Risk of Septic Revision
Authors: Bains Sandeep S. , Chen Zhongming , Sax Oliver C. , Naziri Qais , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: December 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroid (CS) injections are utilized in symptom management for patients with osteoarthritis. However, contamination of the joint may increase the risk of infection following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine 90-day surgical site infection (SSI) and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) as well as up to 2-year prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in intra-articular knee injection recipients prior to TKA compared with patients who did not have knee injections. We specifically assessed (1) timing of HA and CS prior to TKA; (2) type of intra-articular knee injection; as well as (3) associated risk factors. We queried a national database to identify patients who underwent primary TKA from September 2015 to October 2020 (n = 1.5 million). Patients with prior knee injections were stratified to five cohorts: HA within 4 weeks (n = 140), HA 4 to 6 weeks prior (n = 337), CS within 4 weeks (n = 2,344), CS 4 to 6 weeks (n = 2,422), and a no injection, control, cohort prior to TKA (n = 5,000). Bivariate chi-square analyses of outcomes were conducted, and multivariate regressions were used to adjust for comorbidities and assess associated risk factors. The adjusted analysis showed a significant risk in infection for patients receiving an injection within 4 weeks of TKA (p < 0.023) and showed no difference in type of injection (p > 0.050). Additionally, SSIs were increased 1.58 times in the CS within 4 weeks of TKA cohort (p = 0.023). However, no difference in MUA risk was shown at 90-day postoperative (p > 0.212). Furthermore, tobacco use was identified as a risk factor that further increased likelihood of PJI. Intra-articular knee injection less than 4 weeks before TKA increased the risk for PJI; however, past 4 weeks did not confer infection risk. Tobacco use was identified as an associated risk factor that further increased likelihood for PJI. These results highlight the need for surgeons to wait 4 weeks between knee injection and TKA to decrease risk of septic revision.
Maternal Origins of Neonatal Infections: What Do Obstetrician–Gynecologist Should/Could Do?
Authors: Germano Chiara , Messina Alessandro , Massaro Alessio , Attini Rossella , Leo Livio , Manzoni Paolo , Masturzo Bianca
Published: December 2022

Neonatal infections are responsible for 20% of neonatal deaths yearly. In this review, we focused on the origins of the commoner neonatal infections, and we define the role of obstetricians. Regarding group B Streptococcus, a key measure for the prevention of neonatal infection is the vaginal–rectal culture screening at term pregnancy. Intravenous penicillin is the first-line prophylaxis at the start of labor, with intravenous ampicillin as an alternative. First-generation cephalosporins or clindamycin are recommended in case of penicillin allergy. Concerning urinary tract infections (UTIs), guidelines recommend complete urinalysis and urine culture in the first trimester of pregnancy for the screening of asymptomatic bacteriuria. For lower UTIs, guidelines recommend nitrofurantoin as first-choice antibiotic. Amoxicillin or cefalexin are second-line antibiotics. For upper UTIs, guidelines recommend cephalexin per os as first line. Candida spp. colonization affects 20% of pregnant women; however, congenital fetal candidosis and Candida amnionitis are rare. First-line treatment in case of symptomatic vaginitis during pregnancy or asymptomatic colonization during the third trimester is vaginal clotrimazole. Fluconazole is not approved in pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Genital mycoplasmas colonization during pregnancy is usually asymptomatic and associated with bacterial vaginosis. Colonization is related to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, and sepsis. Macrolides are the first-line treatment along with lactobacillus supplementation. In cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm labor, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are required to prevent intra-amniotic infection. Intra-amniotic infection affects 1 to 5% of deliveries at term and one-third of preterm ones and is associated with perinatal death, early-onset neonatal sepsis, RDS, BPD, pneumonia, meningitis, and prematurity-related diseases. Guidelines recommend a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin, and in case of caesarean section, an additional dose of clindamycin or metronidazole is required. In conclusion, obstetricians should be aware that the treatment of maternal infection during pregnancy can prevent potentially lethal infections in the newborn.

Key Points
DeepTRNet: Time-resolved reconstruction of flow around a circular cylinder via spatiotemporal deep neural networks
Authors: Laima Shujin , Zhou Xuxi , Jin Xiaowei , Gao Donglai , Li Hui
Published: December 2022

We propose spatiotemporal deep neural networks for the time-resolved reconstruction of the velocity field around a circular cylinder (DeepTRNet) based only on two flow data types: the non-time-resolved wake velocity field and sparse time-resolved velocity measurements at specific discrete points. The DeepTRNet consists of two operations, i.e., compact spatial representations extraction and sequential learning. We use the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) in DeepTRNet to extract compact spatial representations embedded in the non-time-resolved velocity field. The nonlinear CAE modes and corresponding CAE coefficients are thus obtained. Based on the nonlinear correlation analysis of the velocity field, we use the bidirectional recurrent neural networks (RNN) with the gated recurrent unit for mapping the sparse time-resolved velocity measurements to the CAE coefficients via sequential learning. The early stopping technique is used to train the DeepTRNet to avoid overfitting. With the well-trained DeepTRNet, we can reconstruct the time-resolved velocity field around the circular cylinder. The DeepTRNet is verified on the simulated datasets at two representative Reynolds numbers, 200 and 500, and the experimental dataset at Reynolds number 3.3 × 104 with the steady jet at the rear stagnation point of the cylinder. We systematically compare the DeepTRNet method and the RNN-proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) approach. The DeepTRNet can obtain the accurate time-resolved velocity field depending on the two data types mentioned above. The DeepTRNet method outperforms the RNN-POD method in the reconstruction accuracy, especially for the reconstruction of small-scale flow structures. In addition, we get the reliable velocity field even for the high-frequency components.
Strong effect of fluid rheology on electrokinetic instability and subsequent mixing phenomena in a microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Hamid F. , Sasmal C.
Published: December 2022

When two fluids of different electrical conductivities are transported under the influence of an electric field, the electrokinetic instability (EKI) phenomenon often triggers in a microfluidic device once the electric field strength and conductivity gradient exceed some critical values. This study presents a detailed numerical investigation of how the rheological behavior of a fluid obeyed by the non-Newtonian power-law constitutive relation could influence this EKI phenomenon in a microfluidic T-junction. We find that as the fluid rheological behavior changes from shear-thickening (n >1) to shear-thinning (n <1), the EKI phenomenon is significantly influenced under the same conditions. In particular, the intensity of this EKI phenomenon is found to be significantly higher in shear-thinning fluids than in Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids. Also, the critical value of the applied electric field strength for the inception of this EKI phenomenon gradually increases as the fluid rheological behavior progressively moves from shear-thinning to shear-thickening. The corresponding mixing phenomenon, often achieved using this EKI phenomenon, is also notably higher in shear-thinning fluids compared to Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids. A detailed analysis of both the flow dynamics and mixing phenomena inside the microdevice is presented and discussed in this study. To perform so, we also employ the data-driven dynamic mode decomposition technique, considered one of the widely used reduced-order models to analyze a dynamical system. This analysis facilitates a better understanding of the EKI-induced chaotic convection and mixing phenomena inside the microdevice. We observe that the spatial expanse and intensity of the coherent flow structures differ significantly as the power-law index changes, thereby providing valuable insight into certain aspects of the underlying flow dynamics that, otherwise, are not apparent from other analyses.
Leading-edge tubercle modifications to the biomimetic wings
Authors: Çolak Aleyna , Seyhan Mehmet , Sarioğlu Mustafa
Published: December 2022

An experimental investigation was conducted to better understand the effects of the humpback whale flipper's tubercles on biomimetic models. Different configurations of tubercles were investigated for five biomimetic flipper models by performing force measurement experiments at the Reynolds number of 5.0 × 104, 8.0 × 104, and 1.2 × 105 and surface oil flow visualization at Re = 1.2 × 105. The experiments were carried out with five different test models: two baseline models, one having a smooth and one having a tubercle leading-edge (LE); two simply designed tubercle models with uniform distribution; and a proposed tubercle model having a more realistic approach. It is proposed to create a tubercle pattern of a flipper model by summing two wave functions. The results indicated that the models with LE tubercles improved lift, delayed stall angle, and reduced drag compared to the baseline model. Irrespective of the Reynolds number, the model C3, which was created with a more realistic approach, performs better compared to baseline and other tubercle models. It has been seen that the maximum improvement in lift coefficient is achieved by approximately 18% with the C3 model at Re = 5.0 × 104. According to flow visualization results, the laminar separation bubble formed in the smooth baseline model was replaced by a counter-rotating vortex pairs (CRVPs) in the tubercle models. The improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics is due to the CRVPs formed by the interaction of the LE tubercles with each other and wavelike trailing-edge flow separation pattern. One of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that a more realistic approach has the potential to obtain better performance than a model with a uniform distribution of tubercles.
Numerical simulation and model test of the influence of guide vane angle on the performance of axial flow pump
Authors: Shi Lijian , Chai Yao , Wang Li , Xu Tian , Jiang Yuhang , Xing Jie , Yan Boyang , Chen Yiyu , Han Yi
Published: December 2022

The axial flow pump is a low-head pump widely used in farmland irrigation and water transfer engineering in plain areas. To study the effects of different guide vane rotation angles and inlet angles on the performance of axial flow pumps, based on the initial scheme of the guide vane, the efficiency of the axial flow pump is expected to be improved by adjusting the guide vane rotation angles and changing the inlet angles of the guide vane. This paper uses Computational Fluid Dynamics numerically to simulate and calculate the performance of axial flow pumps under different guide vane rotation angles and inlet angles. The results show that the influence of different guide vane rotation angles and inlet angles on the performance of the axial flow pump is reflected in the operating conditions of large-discharge conditions. Adjusting different guide vane rotation angles can significantly improve the efficiency of axial flow pumps. Moreover, the high-efficiency area of the axial flow pump is expanded nearly two times with the increase in the guide vane rotation angles under large-discharge conditions. At the same time, under the design condition, the highest efficiency of the axial flow pump is 87.69% under scheme V. However, under the linear change of the inlet angle of the guide vane, the highest efficiency of the axial flow pump can reach 87.71%. Finally, the model test verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation, and the research results are beneficial for improving the efficiency of the axial flow pump.
Effects of maternal dietary selenium sources on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and the immune response of broiler progeny
Authors: Ashraf Shahzad , Bhatti Shaukat Ali , Yousaf Muhammad , Sahar Najam Us , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Context Selenium is an important trace mineral and plays an important role in protection against oxidative stress and improving productivity of poultry. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different maternal selenium sources on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune responses, and meat quality of broiler offspring. Methods In total, 600 female and 180 male 50-week-old Ross-308 broiler breeder birds were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates, each having 30 females and nine males. The birds were given 2-week adaptation followed by 7-weeks of feeding of one of four experimental diets. In one dietary treatment, birds were fed a basal corn–soybean-based diet supplemented with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite, SS), while in the other three dietary treatments, birds were given either of the following organic selenium sources: selenium enriched yeast (SY), hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-Se-Met) or l-selenomethionine (l-Se-Met), each included at the rate of 0.3 mg/kg in their experimental diets. During the 7th week of experiment, 350 eggs were collected from each dietary treatment. After incubation, 250 healthy chicks per parental dietary treatment were divided into five replicates with 50 birds each. Offspring from all parental dietary treatments were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg of selenium from inorganic source during the starter (1–21 days) and finisher (22–35 days) phases. Key results Maternal selenium sources had no effect on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient efficiency, carcass parameters, and antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus in broiler offspring. Drip loss and oxidative stability of breast meat, plasma total antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase status were improved in the offspring at Day 21, by inclusion of organic selenium in parent broiler breeders’ diet; however, these parameters were not affected at Day 35. Conclusions Maternal dietary organic selenium improved antioxidant status and meat quality in broiler offspring at the end of starter phase; however, dietary maternal selenium sources had no effect on productivity, immune responses, and carcass traits in broiler offspring. Implications This may provide consideration for more effective sources of selenium for improving meat quality of poultry birds especially in early stage of grow-out period.
Development of an integrated microperfusion-EEG electrode for unbiased multimodal sampling of brain interstitial fluid and concurrent neural activity
Authors: Stangler Luke A , Nicolai Evan N , Mivalt Filip , Chang Su-Youne , Kim Inyong , Kouzani Abbas Z , Bennet Kevin , Berk Michael , Uthamaraj Susheil , Burns Terry C , Worrell Gregory A , Howe Charles L
Published: December 2022

Objective. To modify off-the-shelf components to build a device for collecting electroencephalography (EEG) from macroelectrodes surrounded by large fluid access ports sampled by an integrated microperfusion system in order to establish a method for sampling brain interstitial fluid (ISF) at the site of stimulation or seizure activity with no bias for molecular size. Approach. Twenty-four 560 µm diameter holes were ablated through the sheath surrounding one platinum–iridium macroelectrode of a standard Spencer depth electrode using a femtosecond UV laser. A syringe pump was converted to push–pull configuration and connected to the fluidics catheter of a commercially available microdialysis system. The fluidics were inserted into the lumen of the modified Spencer electrode with the microdialysis membrane removed, converting the system to open flow microperfusion. Electrical performance and analyte recovery were measured and parameters were systematically altered to improve performance. An optimized device was tested in the pig brain and unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry was used to characterize the perfusate collected from the peri-electrode brain in response to stimulation. Main results. Optimized parameters resulted in >70% recovery of 70 kDa dextran from a tissue analog. The optimized device was implanted in the cortex of a pig and perfusate was collected during four 60 min epochs. Following a baseline epoch, the macroelectrode surrounded by microperfusion ports was stimulated at 2 Hz (0.7 mA, 200 µs pulse width). Following a post-stimulation epoch, the cortex near the electrode was stimulated with benzylpenicillin to induce epileptiform activity. Proteomic analysis of the perfusates revealed a unique inflammatory signature induced by electrical stimulation. This signature was not detected in bulk tissue ISF. Significance. A modified dual-sensing electrode that permits coincident detection of EEG and ISF at the site of epileptiform neural activity may reveal novel pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets that are otherwise undetectable at the bulk tissue level.
African American Literature in the Antebellum Era
Authors: Fagan Benjamin
Published: December 2022

African American literature in the antebellum era encompasses a wide variety of genres and authors. The literature includes poetry, novels, manifestos, slave narratives, and essays. Many of the best-known Black writers of the period, such as Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, and William Wells Brown, were born in southern states and had been enslaved, but a number of other writers, including Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, James McCune Smith, and James Whitfield, were born in the North. Whether or not they had been enslaved, a number of these writers do address questions of slavery and freedom, but African American literature of the era also transcends those categories. In addition to the diverse content of their works, Black writers during the antebellum era worked in and with a variety of print forms including the pamphlet, the book, and the periodical. More than just using different kinds of print as containers for their writings, Black authors theorized the workings of antebellum print culture in ways that inform and enrich current scholarship.
Urban Inequalities in Swedish Schools
Authors: Bunar Nihad
Published: December 2022

Segregation, aspects of school choice policy, and symbolic representations are principal structural traits, although not the only ones, that generate and sustain the system of differences and urban inequalities in Swedish schools. Pertinent to all three traits are objectively and symbolically constructed boundaries between places, institutions, and groups. Segregation in an urban context means not just a physical separation of groups with unequal access to material resources and the means of their acquisition (education, network), but also a symbolic collapse of a society into place-making dichotomies: we and them, Swedes and immigrants, suburbs and inner-cities. Assets ostensibly appreciated in the school market, such as a good school and a positive school culture, express the arbitrary nature of their symbolic construction. What is recognized as a good school is equally a matter of statistical figures proving its competitiveness and the assumed qualities of its student composition.

Major policy interventions for reducing urban inequalities in schools could be divided into two segments: (a) the reinforcement-oriented policy provides additional support to schools and students in structurally disadvantaged areas, for example, more school personnel, higher salaries for teachers, more teachers in Swedish as a second language; (b) the close down and disperse-oriented policy identifies the very existence of schools with persistently low results in urban contexts as an inequality generating factor. Consequently, in the name of integration and reducing inequalities, those schools are increasingly being closed down and their students dispersed elsewhere. Neither policy has proven its capacity to unwaveringly address urban inequalities in Swedish schools.
Marginalizing Palestinians in Historic Palestine (Israel) Through Education
Authors: Nasser Ilham , Abu-Nimer Mohammed
Published: December 2022

The article is an analysis of the Palestinian Arab education system, in particular the curriculum, and ways it was dealt with after the Nakba (Catastrophe) and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The relevant Israeli government policies that impacted the Palestinian minority who remained in historic Palestine are introduced. The authors delve into methods in which the Israeli state managed, and is still managing, the education of this national minority within a Zionist ideological framework embedded with Jewish religious and national values and themes. We describe the mechanisms through which Israel maintains a tight grip on the Palestinian minority through a security management apparatus employed in the education system to monitor teachers’ employment and staffing of those who are friendly and submissive to the policies of the government. Evidence for the continuous attempts to erase the Palestinian national and cultural identity through the curriculum, and textbooks is provided in content such as history, civics, and Arabic language. The authors address the initiatives taken by the Palestinian minority allies to react, resist, and organize. These include efforts to claim back the education space, as in the case of parents offering alternative schooling and nongovernmental entities and initiatives with a purpose of moving the community into a Palestinian self-steering education system. Recommendations on steps and initiatives to elevate the educational experiences and academic attainment of the next generations of Palestinian youth are provided, without denying them their right to learn their national and cultural heritage.
School Tourism in Southern Africa
Authors: Smithers Kathleen , Ailwood Joanne
Published: December 2022

Philanthropic funding is commonplace in schools in Southern Africa and is shaped by philanthropic offerings through philanthropic foundations or for-profit low-fee private school chains. In particular, some schools are funded by tourism ventures. Tourism in schools takes two main forms: the introduction of tourist funds into schooling, and the introduction of tourists themselves to schooling. Tourist funds in schooling arise from a number of different forms of tourism such as community-based tourism, sustainable tourism, developmentourism, and philanthropic tourism. These terms encompass various forms of tourism in which funding of a community is a byproduct of tourism. In terms of tourists in schools, there are various forms of such tourism including volunteer tourism, service-learning tourism, or “slum” reality tourism. School-based tourism has developed as a version of tourism which incorporates elements of all these forms of tourism. One form of school-based tourism is the school tour. In the school tour, tourists are guided by children to visit and enter every classroom in the school and are permitted to engage with students in a range of ways, from taking photographs of the children, classrooms, and grounds to helping with schoolwork or teaching an impromptu lesson. While school-based tourism can be viewed as a valuable economic undertaking for schools, for example, through funding of capital works and teacher salaries, such tourism can also create contradictions and dilemmas for the teachers and children.
Approaches to Education for Sustainability
Authors: Stevenson Robert B.
Published: December 2022

Approaches to education for sustainability, or education for sustainable development, have diversified since the normative concepts of sustainability and sustainable development came into common international policy discourse in the late 1980s. These terms and their conceptualization, somewhat controversially, largely replaced environmental education in international rhetoric and policies. The dominant goal of approaches to environmental education to this point had been promoting environmentally responsible individual behavior through increasing awareness and knowledge of the natural environment and issues related to its protection. This approach began to be critiqued as inadequate for understanding, accounting for, or responding to the complexity, unpredictability, and contestation of sustainability issues, as well as the sociocultural, economic, and political influences shaping such issues as climate change and loss of biodiversity.

More discursive and collaborative approaches were conceptualized, such as engaging students in critical issue- or problem-based inquiries, including into the influence of institutional arrangements, social structures, and cultural features on unsustainable practices that characterize socially critical approaches. Action competence approaches provide a conceptual and pedagogical model for developing student capacities to engage in individual and collective local issue-based inquiries and civic actions on urgent socioecological issues to contribute to a more sustainable community. Social and sociocultural learning approaches offer a framework for and emphasize the potential meaningful learning that occurs from bringing individuals or communities together to share, discuss, and reflect on cognitive and normative understandings of local and global socioecological issues.

Expanding on the identified positive elements of the previously mentioned approaches, an extension of a socioecological approach in the form of a critical socioecological justice approach embraces the development of a critical and transformative responsiveness to issues of people and place. In such an approach, sociocultural, ecological, and economic sustainability, as well as socioeconomic and environmental justice, could be addressed in grappling with the challenge of rebalancing human–environment and human–human relations. This perspective acknowledges that beyond the ecological imperative, there is a moral imperative to alleviate human suffering and provide basic material well-being for all humankind, such that sustainability has a concern for the human condition as well as the environmental condition.