bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Oral Omega-3 Effective in Reducing Mucocutaneous Side Effects of Isotretinoin in Patients with Acne Vulgaris?
Authors: Mirnezami Mina , Rahimi Hoda
Published: May 2018

Background. Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units which may cause permanent dyspigmentation and/or scars if not treated. Isotretinoin is recommended in the treatment of recalcitrant or severe acne, but it is associated with common adverse effects that frequently result in patients incompliance and discontinuation of the drug. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of oral omega-3 in decreasing the adverse effects of isotretinoin. Materials and Methods. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, a total of 118 patients with moderate or severe acne were randomly divided into two (case and control) groups. The control group was treated with isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg, and the case group was treated with the same dose of isotretinoin combined with oral omega-3 (1 g/day). The treatment was lasted for 16 weeks and mucocutaneous side effects of isotretinoin were recorded and compared between the two groups in weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Results. Cheilitis (at weeks 4, 8, and 12), xerosis, dryness of nose at all weeks, and dryness of eyes (at week 4) were less frequent in the group that received isotretinoin combined with oral omega-3 compared to the group that received isotretinoin alone. Conclusion. Administration of oral omega-3 in acne patients who are receiving isotretinoin decreases the mucocutaneous side effects of isotretinoin. This trial is registered with  IRCT201306238241N2.
Twist1 Regulates Vimentin through Cul2 Circular RNA to Promote EMT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Meng Jing , Chen Shuang , Han Jing-Xia , Qian Baoxin , Wang Xiao-Rui , Zhong Wei-Long , Qin Yuan , Zhang Heng , Gao Wan-Feng , Lei Yue-Yang , Yang Wei , Yang Lan , Zhang Chao , Liu Hui-Juan , Liu Yan-Rong , Zhou Hong-Gang , Sun Tao , Yang Cheng
Published: May 2018

Twist is a critical epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–inducing transcription factor that increases expression of vimentin. How Twist1 regulates this expression remains unclear. Here, we report that Twist1 regulates Cullin2 (Cul2) circular RNA to increase expression of vimentin in EMT. Twist1 bound the Cul2 promoter to activate its transcription and to selectively promote expression of Cul2 circular RNA (circ-10720), but not mRNA. circ-10720 positively correlated with Twist1, tumor malignance, and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twist1 promoted vimentin expression by increasing levels of circ-10720, which can absorb miRNAs that target vimentin. circ-10720 knockdown counteracted the tumor-promoting activity of Twist1 in vitro and in patient-derived xenograft and diethylnitrosamine-induced TetOn-Twist1 transgenic mouse HCC models. These data unveil a mechanism by which Twist1 regulates vimentin during EMT. They also provide potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment and provide new insight for circular RNA (circRNA)-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Significance: A circRNA-based mechanism drives Twist1-mediated regulation of vimentin during EMT and provides potential therapeutic targets for treatment of HCC.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4150/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4150–62. ©2018 AACR.
Radiotherapy and CD40 Activation Separately Augment Immunity to Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer
Authors: Rech Andrew J. , Dada Hannah , Kotzin Jonathan J. , Henao-Mejia Jorge , Minn Andy J. , Twyman-Saint Victor Christina , Vonderheide Robert H.
Published: May 2018

Immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a difficult clinical problem despite success in other disease types with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Mechanisms driving immunosuppression and poor T-cell infiltration in PDA are incompletely understood. Here, we use genetically engineered mouse models of PDA that recapitulate hallmarks of human disease to demonstrate that CD40 pathway activation is required for clinical response to radiotherapy and ICB with αCTLA-4 and αPD-1. The combination of an agonist αCD40 antibody, radiotherapy, and dual ICB eradicated irradiated and unirradiated (i.e., abscopal) tumors, generating long-term immunity. Response required T cells and also short-lived myeloid cells and was dependent on the long noncoding RNA myeloid regulator Morrbid. Using unbiased random forest machine learning, we built unique, contextual signatures for each therapeutic component, revealing that (i) radiotherapy triggers an early proinflammatory stimulus, ablating existing intratumoral T cells and upregulating MHC class I and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, (ii) αCD40 causes a systemic and intratumoral reorganization of the myeloid compartment, and (iii) ICB increases intratumoral T-cell infiltration and improves the CD8 T-cell:regulatory T-cell ratio. Thus, αCD40 and radiotherapy nonredundantly augment antitumor immunity in PDA, which is otherwise refractory to ICB, providing a clear rationale for clinical evaluation.

Significance: Radiotherapy and αCD40 disrupt key links between innate and adaptive immunity, ameliorating resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer via multiple cellular mechanisms. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4282–91. ©2018 AACR.
The Tumor Suppressor CIC Directly Regulates MAPK Pathway Genes via Histone Deacetylation
Authors: Weissmann Simon , Cloos Paul A. , Sidoli Simone , Jensen Ole N. , Pollard Steven , Helin Kristian
Published: May 2018

Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors accounting for approximately 10% of all central nervous system cancers. CIC is a transcription factor that is mutated in most patients with oligodendrogliomas; these mutations are believed to be a key oncogenic event in such cancers. Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of CIC, Capicua, indicates that CIC loss phenocopies activation of the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway, and studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated a role for CIC in repressing the transcription of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors. Here, we address the mechanism by which CIC represses transcription and assess the functional consequences of CIC inactivation. Genome-wide binding patterns of CIC in several cell types revealed that CIC target genes were enriched for MAPK effector genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. CIC binding to target genes was abolished by high MAPK activity, which led to their transcriptional activation. CIC interacted with the SIN3 deacetylation complex and, based on our results, we suggest that CIC functions as a transcriptional repressor through the recruitment of histone deacetylases. Independent single amino acid substitutions found in oligodendrogliomas prevented CIC from binding its target genes. Taken together, our results show that CIC is a transcriptional repressor of genes regulated by MAPK signaling, and that ablation of CIC function leads to increased histone acetylation levels and transcription at these genes, ultimately fueling mitogen-independent tumor growth.

Significance: Inactivation of CIC inhibits its direct repression of MAPK pathway genes, leading to their increased expression and mitogen-independent growth.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4114/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4114–25. ©2018 AACR.
Target-Based Screening against eIF4A1 Reveals the Marine Natural Product Elatol as a Novel Inhibitor of Translation Initiation with In Vivo Antitumor Activity
Authors: Peters Tara L. , Tillotson Joseph , Yeomans Alison M. , Wilmore Sarah , Lemm Elizabeth , Jiménez-Romero Carlos , Amador Luis A. , Li Lingxiao , Amin Amit D. , Pongtornpipat Praechompoo , Zerio Christopher J. , Ambrose Andrew J. , Paine-Murrieta Gillian , Greninger Patricia , Vega Francisco , Benes Cyril H. , Packham Graham , Rodríguez Abimael D. , Chapman Eli , Schatz Jonathan H.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A1 carries out the key enzymatic step of cap-dependent translation initiation and is a well-established target for cancer therapy, but no drug against it has entered evaluation in patients. We identified and characterized a natural compound with broad antitumor activities that emerged from the first target-based screen to identify novel eIF4A1 inhibitors.

Experimental Design: We tested potency and specificity of the marine compound elatol versus eIF4A1 ATPase activity. We also assessed eIF4A1 helicase inhibition, binding between the compound and the target including binding site mutagenesis, and extensive mechanistic studies in cells. Finally, we determined maximum tolerated dosing in vivo and assessed activity against xenografted tumors.

Results: We found elatol is a specific inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis by eIF4A1 in vitro with broad activity against multiple tumor types. The compound inhibits eIF4A1 helicase activity and binds the target with unexpected 2:1 stoichiometry at key sites in its helicase core. Sensitive tumor cells suffer acute loss of translationally regulated proteins, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. In contrast to other eIF4A1 inhibitors, elatol induces markers of an integrated stress response, likely an off-target effect, but these effects do not mediate its cytotoxic activities. Elatol is less potent in vitro than the well-studied eIF4A1 inhibitor silvestrol but is tolerated in vivo at approximately 100× relative dosing, leading to significant activity against lymphoma xenografts.

Conclusions: Elatol's identification as an eIF4A1 inhibitor with in vivo antitumor activities provides proof of principle for target-based screening against this highly promising target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4256–70. ©2018 AACR.
Aerobic Exercise Protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Pneumonia in Elderly Mice
Authors: Stravinskas Durigon Thomas , MacKenzie BreAnne , Carneiro Oliveira-Junior Manoel , Santos-Dias Alana , De Angelis Kátia , Malfitano Christiane , Palma Renata K. , Moreno Guerra Juliana , Damaceno-Rodrigues Nilsa Regina , Garcia Caldini Elia , de Almeida Francine Maria , Aquino-Santos Helida Cristina , Rigonato-Oliveira Nicole Cristine , Leal de Oliveira Danielle Bruna , Aimbire Flavio , Ligeiro de Oliveira Ana Paula , Franco de Oliveira Luiz Vicente , Durigon Edison Luiz , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Vieira Rodolfo P.
Published: May 2018

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS) infection results in severe morbidity and mortality, especially in immune-deficient populations. Aerobic exercise (AE) modulates the immune system, but its effects on the outcomes of pulmonary PS infection in elderly mice are unknown. Methods: BALB/c mice (24 weeks old) were randomized to sedentary, exercise (EX), PS, and PS + EX groups for the acute experimental setting, and PS and PS + EX groups for the chronic setting. Low-intensity AE was performed for 5 weeks, 60 min/day; 24 h after the final AE session, mice were inoculated with 5 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU) of PS, and 24 h and 14 days after PS inoculation, mice were studied. Results: AE inhibited PS colonization (p < 0.001) and lung inflammation (total cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes [p < 0.01] in bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]), with significant differences in BAL levels of IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01), CXCL1 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.001), as well as parenchymal neutrophils (p < 0.001). AE increased BAL levels of IL-10 and parenchymal (p < 0.001) and epithelial (p < 0.001) IL-10 expression, while epithelial (p < 0.001) and parenchymal (p < 0.001) NF-κB expression was decreased. AE diminished pulmonary lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and increased glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01). Pre-incubation of BEAS-2B with IL-10 inhibited PS-induced epithelial cell expression of TNF-α (p < 0.05), CD40 (p < 0.01), and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: AE inhibits PS-induced lung inflammation and bacterial colonization in elderly mice, involving IL-10/NF-κB, and redox signaling.
Intramammary Metastasis in a Patient with a History of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Kitahara Miyuki , Hozumi Yasuo , Asada Rio , Sawa Aya , Saito Hitoaki , Iijima Tatsuo 
Published: May 2018

Intramammary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extremely rare, accounting for only 1.5% of all intramammary metastases. Distinguishing intramammary metastases from benign tumors and breast cancer is clinically problematic. Some patients undergo excessive surgery after a misdiagnosis of breast cancer instead of a mammary tumor. We performed a core needle biopsy (CNB) of a breast mass that developed in a 71-year-old woman after surgeries for bilateral RCC and breast cancer, leading to a diagnosis of intramammary metastasis of RCC. In this case, the CNB and immunohistochemical examination were critical for reaching a definitive diagnosis. We conclude that, when examining patients with mammary tumors, establishing their history of malignant tumors may help diagnose intramammary metastasis and select the best treatment strategy.
PD-L1-Expressing Radiation-Associated Angiosarcoma after Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Takeda Kana , Fujimura Taku , Lyu Chunbing , Tsukada Akira , Tsuchiyama Kenichiro , Hashimoto Akira , Aiba Setsuya
Published: May 2018

Radiation-associated angiosarcoma (RAAS) is a type of radiation-associated sarcoma (RAS) that develops at the previous field of radiation in breast cancer patients. Although several reports have suggested a poor prognosis for RAAS, the 5-year overall survival of RAAS is better than that of cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS), suggesting that the prognostic factors of RAAS and CAS might be different, at least in part. In this report, we describe a case of RAAS, and employed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of PD-L1 and MMP9 as well as periostin, IL-4, and CD163. Interestingly, IHC staining revealed that the RAAS in our case was positive for PD-L1 and negative for MMP9. Moreover, the predominant stromal factor of our case was periostin, suggesting that TAMs in the present case was not immunosuppressive, but an inflammatory subtype. These results might explain, at least in part, the better prognosis of RAAS compared to CAS.
Politics and visibility: women eulogy in Athenian funerary contexts (5th - 4th BC.)
Authors: Andrade Marta Mega de
Published: May 2018

Sob a forma do ensaio, vamos explorar aqui uma abordagem da política que a considere como um processo mais amplo e socialmente difuso, ligado à formação e à possibilidade mesma das comunidades / associações, para além do caráter mais ou menos institucionalizado de espaços sociais delimitados para ações de governo. A ligação com a “esfera pública” ou o “comum” deve emergir de uma discussão em torno da valorização da exposição e da visibilidade como práticas que definem os agentes e o espaço da política, a cada vez, na partilha e negociação em torno das formas de comunidade e no jogo das relações de poder. O foco são os elogios funerários dirigidos a mulheres nos túmulos da Ática, marcadamente aumentados ao longo do período clássico, por se tratar de uma forma de conferir glória e renome públicos a figuras femininas. Às mulheres em geral, vincula-se um discurso normativo que tensiona os polos entre aparecimento e desaparecimento, fala e silêncio, de uma maneira que não pode ser compreendida apenas como a incidência da dominação masculina sobre “as mulheres”, em geral, mas antes de tudo como forma de colocar como problema a produção (social) do espaço político e a ação de “tornar comum”, koinós. Consideramos que essa ligação entre “a” questão do feminino e a do espaço político deriva do papel desdobrado pelo gênero e pela exclusão inclusiva das mulheres numa dimensão sociológica constituinte em relação à forma políade da comunidade em Atenas.
Porticus Aemilia: Emporium, Navalia and Horrea in a Single Colossus
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel Cabral
Published: May 2018

Hoje, em meio ao bairro moderno do Testaccio em Roma, jazem apenas dois vestígios do que seria um monumento colossal, cujas dimensões e técnicas de construção indicam que o edifício já desempenhou um papel grande importância no funcionamento da cidade antiga. Entretanto, as fontes disponíveis ainda não são suficientes para a identificação definitiva da identidade e função primordial do monumento, apesar de produzirem teorias relevantes. Esse artigo procura comparar as teorias existentes e analisar o debate a respeito do chamado “Porticus Aemilia”, inserindo nele algumas considerações advindas das últimas campanhas de escavação realizadas no local.
World systems analysis and the Roman empire
Authors: Woolf Greg
Published: May 2018

Tem sido demonstrado que as análises a partir da teoria de sistemas-mundo são uma ferramenta poderosa para conceber e analisar o mundo moderno. Neste artigo o autor argumenta que ela tem um potencial similar para a compreensão das estruturas e dinâmicas de macro escala do Império Romano e seus vizinhos e para facilitar comparações entre Roma e outros impérios antigos. Aqui, são sugeridas algumas hipóteses.
Women among the Essenes or Women at Qumran? A study on gender in the Damascus Document, the Rule Scroll, and in the historical sources related to the Essenes
Authors: Silva Clarisse Ferreira da
Published: May 2018

Atualmente, o debate referente a questões relativas à mulher tornou-se mais acirrado entre os especialistas em Manuscritos do Mar Morto. O assunto é especialmente difícil de evitar quando pensamos que temas como relações sexuais ou casamento estão presentes nas suas regras e no seu sistema de pureza ritual em documentos tão importantes quanto o Documento de Damasco e o Rolo do Templo. É evidente a impossibilidade de que uma mesma comunidade seguisse as regras conforme as lemos no Documento de Damasco, na Regra da Congregação e na Regra da Comunidade. Eles simplesmente refletem realidades diversas. A comunidade vislumbrada no Documento de Damasco, em que famílias viviam em propriedades privadas, não pode ser a mesma que é indiretamente descrita na Regra da Comunidade, um documento que trata de uma comunidade em que as pessoas compartilhavam seus bens, suas refeições e seu tempo enquanto rezavam, estudavam as Escrituras e trabalhavam em conjunto. Nesse sentido, se o movimento descrito no Documento de Damasco incluía mulheres entre seus membros, isso quereria dizer, consequentemente, que a Comunidade de Qumran, vivendo isolada no deserto da Judeia, também recebia mulheres para estabelecer uma vida em comum com o grupo dentro de seus limites? Especialistas como C. Wassen e E. Schuller estão entre aqueles que devotam parte de seus estudos diretamente a esse tema, buscando respostas por meio das descobertas arqueológicas do sítio de Qumran, dos manuscritos encontrados nas suas cavernas e nas fontes históricas de Fílon, Josefo e Plínio. Esses esforços estão direcionados para a compreensão do papel social, possibilidades e cotidiano de algumas (ou muitas) mulheres judias que adentraram a dinâmica de um movimento fechado na virada do primeiro milênio e, ao mesmo tempo, para entender um pouco mais do modus operandi daquela sociedade.
The imperial ideas of order and disorder in connection to the matrimonial laws of Augustus: a gender analysis.
Authors: Azevedo Sarah Fernandes Lino de
Published: May 2018

Este artigo discute as ideias de ordem e desordem imperiais relacionadas às leis matrimonias de Augusto, principalmente à Lex Iulia de adulteriis (Lei Júlia sobre adultério). Um dos nossos objetivos é compreender como a figura do adúltero, ou da adúltera, e a própria lei contra o adultério, são relacionadas à política imperial como fator de ordem e/ou desordem. Pretendemos também discutir brevemente sobre o modo como as leis matrimoniais eram manipuladas no contexto político do início do Império Romano, e explorar um pouco a relação entre os crimes de adultério e maiestas.
Primitive Christian episcopate and pragmatic authority in Acts of the Apostles: a study based on Claudia Rapp.
Authors: Piza Pedro De Toledo
Published: May 2018

O presente texto tem como objetivo colocar em discussão a variedade de concepções acerca do ofício episcopal cristão no século I d.C., considerando a visão de Claudia Rapp de que esse ofício comportaria, no período citado, apenas uma função de administração dos bens materiais da comunidade. Para tanto, analiso a definição de ofício episcopal presente no livro dos Atos dos Apóstolos para questionar a universalidade de tal configuração entre as primeiras gerações cristãs.
Scylax of Caryanda, pseudo-scylax, and the Paris Periplus: reconsidering the ancient tradition of a geographical text
Authors: Matijašić Ivan
Published: May 2018

O Périplo, preservado no manuscrito Parisinus suppl. gr. 443 e erroneamente atribuído a Cílax de Carianda (sexto século a. C.), é o mais antigo espécime da periplografia grega antiga. Ele pertence ao quarto século antes de Cristo. No presente artigo, todos os testemunhos da tradição antiga tanto de Cílax quanto do Périplo de Paris são cuidadosamente avaliadas. O objetivo é determinar quando e por que o Périplo de Paris foi equivocadamente atribuído a Cílax e dissipar qualquer dúvida da suposta autoria deste trabalho geográfico antigo. A confusão, ou a falsificação deliberada, é evidente em Estrabão: ele sabia que a viagem de Cílax para o Oriente e, ao mesmo tempo estava familiarizado com o texto do Périplo de Paris, que ele atribui ao antigo navegador. Autores gregos e latinos da Época Imperial Romana conheciam o Périplo de Paris, mas muitos seguiam cegamente a atribuição equivocada a Cílax de Carianda. Quando Marciano de Heracleia no período Bizantino Antigo coletou seu corpus de geógrafos gregos antigos, ele também atribuiu o Périplo de Paris a Cílax, assim transmitindo o erro aos copistas do Paris. suppl. gr. 443.
Epicurus and aesthetic disinterestedness
Authors: Celkyte Aiste
Published: May 2018

O desinteresse estético é um dos conceitos centrais da estética, e Jerome Stolnitz, o mais proeminente teórico do desinteresse no século XX, afirmou que (i) o envolvimento dos pensadores antigos com esta noção era superficial e pouco desenvolvido e, consequentemente, (ii) a emergência do desinteresse no século XVIII marca o nascimento da estética como disciplina. Neste artigo, pretendo usar os trabalhos existentes de Epicuro para mostrar que o filósofo antigo não apenas tinha conceitos similares, como  também os usava de maneiras cuidadosas e complexas. Eu argumento que, no enquadramento teórico de Epicuro, as artes pertenciam a categoria dos desejos "meramente naturais", e esta classificação, combinada com aquilo que sabemos da rejeição de Epicuro da crítica da arte, mostra que ele tinha desenvolvido cuidadosamente razões que fundamentavam a ideia de que a arte deveria ser abordada terminalmente, ao invés de instrumentalmente. Por fim, eu comparo a noção de desinteresse estético com as visões de Epicuro acerca da arte e argumento que de muitas maneiras a última não é inferior a primeira, e que, portanto, deve pertencer a história da estética.
Penélope e Hipermestra, Exempla Uxoris: Dispositio y Ejemplaridad de las Heroidas 1 Y 14, de Ovidio
Authors: Ugartemendía Cecilia Marcela
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é justificar a disposição das Ep. 1 (de Penélope a Ulisses) e 14 (de Hipermestra a Linceo) no corpus transmitido na atualidade. O propósito é demonstrar que as epístolas 1 e 14, graças às características paradigmáticas das mulheres que as escrevem, são chaves de abertura e clausura de uma sequência de exempla mitológicos sobre o bom comportamento da mulher em uma relação amorosa. Além disso, discutiremos como Cánace, na Ep. 11, se apropria intratextualmente das virtudes destas duas mulheres exemplares para argumentar em sua própria defesa. Ao admitir seus erros, enfatiza a importância de virtudes como a castitas, a pudicitia e a pietas, melhor representadas no corpus por Penélope e Hipermestra.
As Línguas da Itália Antiga: um Breve Panorama
Authors: Drigo Jasmim
Published: May 2018

Este artigo traça um panorama das línguas de maior expressão da Itália Antiga durante os séculos VI a I a.C. As línguas indo-europeias itálicas recebem mais atenção neste estudo por se tratarem de línguas com mais vestígios textuais e por serem mais inteligíveis que as demais, são elas: latim-falisco, úmbrio, osco e piceno meridional. As indo-europeias não itálicas apresentam similaridades com as itálicas, mas ainda assim são menos inteligíveis, são elas: venético e messápico. As línguas não indo-europeias apresentam estruturas fonológicas, morfológicas e sintáticas diferentes e menos vestígios textuais, por isso são mais complicadas de se analisar, são elas: etrusco, rético e piceno setentrional. O objetivo desse panorama é demonstrar a diversidade linguística da região e apresentar bibliografia atualizada e relevante sobre o assunto.
A Terra Sigillata Africana no Cenário de Estudos Recentes: Produção, Circulação e Estruturas Portuárias
Authors: Fleming Maria Isabel D’Agostino
Published: May 2018

A Terra Sigillata Africana (ARSW), produzida desde o final do século I d.C., atingiu grande importância a partir dos séculos III-IV d.C. Na versão de vasilhas de mesa e lamparinas de alta qualidade, foi distribuída tanto regionalmente quanto através de bem estabelecidas rotas comerciais na bacia do Mediterrâneo. Estudos recentes sobre sua produção, datação e distribuição apresentam inúmeras discussões e revisões dos principais conjuntos cerâmicos mediterrânicos para resolver problemas de tipologia e cronologia além da atribuição da localização dos centros de produção. Essa linha de investigação leva à interpretação do papel da cerâmica sigillata associada à produção e consumo de produtos de alimentação africanos, como o trigo, o óleo de oliva, o vinho e as salmouras de peixe (salsamenta, garum). Assim, é amplo o cenário das pesquisas que chamam atenção para os limites dos modelos clássicos de estudo da cerâmica africana e realizam revisões acuradas de datação, origem e conteúdo das vasilhas, especialmente com métodos arqueométricos. Neste sentido, novas questões e dificuldades são enfrentadas para explicar os modos de produção e de comercialização da sigillata e das ânforas africanas no Mediterrâneo, tendo como elemento importante o mercado interno africano, com produtos de alimentação de exclusiva circulação regional associados a vasilhas e ânforas com tipologias locais. Tais questões se entrelaçam com e convergem para o problema da estrutura portuária necessária para o escoamento da produção africana. Estudos introdutórios avaliam fluxos dos navios e propõem seus percursos na bacia mediterrânica, entretanto, as pesquisas relevantes nesse contexto revelam a importância do papel dos portos artificiais. Ainda que suas evidências até muito recentemente tenham sido negligenciadas, demonstrou-se que os portos artificiais foram não só a maioria esmagadora como também determinantes no contexto em que se desenvolveram relações entre conectividade e atividades econômicas no Período Romano Tardio. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer um panorama desta discussão.
A pós-verdade levará à pós-democracia?
Authors: Mesquita Fernão Lara
Published: May 2018

É de engano e de mentira que se trata. A novidade está, como em tudo o mais nos dias que correm, no que os computadores e a rede mundial permitem fazer com isso. Sim, é de mentira que se trata, mas do uso dela com o objetivo específico de subverter ou minar a democracia, o único sistema de constituição do poder do Estado em que a “opinião pública” é o fator determinante.
Verdades e mentiras no ecossistema digital
Authors: Costa Caio Túlio
Published: May 2018

A partir de exemplos retirados do Facebook e do Google, o artigo questiona e analisa formas de garantir o acesso de todos à informação e à diversidade de opiniões e de como manter e incentivar o pluralismo das fontes, sem incorrer no risco das fake news. Segundo o autor, a equação não é nada fácil desde que entramos na era da pós-verdade.
Taurine Reduces tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator)-Induced Hemorrhage and Microvascular Thrombosis After Embolic Stroke in Rat
Authors: Jin Rong , Xiao Adam Y. , Liu Shan , Wang Min , Li Guohong
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

Taurine (2-aminoethansulfolic amino acid) exerts neuroprotective actions in experimental stroke. Here, we investigated the effect of taurine in combination with delayed tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) on embolic stroke.

Methods—

Rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with taurine (50 mg/kg) at 4 hours in combination with tPA (10 mg/kg) at 6 hours. Control groups consisted of ischemic rats treated with either taurine (50 mg/kg) or saline at 4 hours or tPA (10 mg/kg) alone at 2 or 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—

We found that combination treatment with taurine and tPA robustly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits 3 days after stroke, whereas treatment with taurine alone had a less-significant protective effect. tPA alone at 6 hours had no effects on infarct volume but instead induced intracerebral hemorrhage. The combination treatment with taurine prevented tPA-associated hemorrhage and reduced intravascular deposition of fibrin/fibrinogen and platelets in downstream microvessels and hence improved microvascular patency. These protective effects are associated with profound inhibition of CD147 (cluster of differentiation 147)-dependent MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) pathway in ischemic brain endothelium by taurine. Notably, targeted inhibition of CD147 by intracerebroventricular injection of the rat CD147 siRNA profoundly inhibited ischemia-induced and tPA-enhanced MMP-9 activity in ischemic brain endothelium and blocked tPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, the combination treatment with taurine and tPA improved long-term outcome at least 45 days after stroke compared with saline-treated group.

Conclusions—

Our results suggest that taurine in combination with tPA may be a clinically feasible approach toward future attempts at combination stroke therapy.
A new combination in African Gymnanthes (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: ESSER HANS-JOACHIM
Published: May 2018

The genus Gymnanthes Swartz (1788: 6, 95), originally considered as Neotropical (Pax & Hoffmann 1912), has recently been expanded to include species from Africa and Asia (Esser 1999, 2001). Previously, the two African species had been included in the separate genus Duvigneaudia Léonard (1959: 15), and were as such revised by Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Léonard (1959) had described the genus because these species were clearly distinct from all other African genera, but he did not compare any Neotropical plants, much like Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Also the World Checklist of Euphorbiaceae (Govaerts et al. 2000) accepted the genus as distinct. However, the African species hardly differ from many species of Neotropical Gymnanthes by any significant characters of the leaves and flowers, and although they have somewhat larger fruits, this does not seem to be sufficient to uphold Duvigneaudia as a separate genus. Therefore both genera were united by Esser (1999, 2001). Within Neotropical Gymnanthes, Duvigneaudia is most similar to the former genus Sarothrostachys Klotzsch (1841) from Brazil.
Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in North America
Authors: SHEN SHAN , XU TAI-MIN , KARAKEHIAN JASON , ZHAO CHANG-LIN
Published: May 2018

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Perenniporia bostonensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by resupinate, cream to buff pore surface; a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae strongly dextrinoid, unbranched, interwoven and a distinct wide lumen; ovoid to broad ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, distinct thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid basidiospores, 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. bostonensis recognized in Perenniporia sensu stricto. The new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to P. bannaensis and P. koreana. Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Perenniporia.
Entrepreneurial agency and field relations: A Realist Bourdieusian Analysis
Authors: Vincent Steve , Pagan Victoria
Published: May 2018

This article addresses the problem of understanding and assessing how entrepreneurial and self-employed workers engage with economic fields as they pursue their interests. It considers the differing experiences of entrepreneurial workers by developing a transferable approach to studying the relations between their environments, practices and values. The approach developed combines Bourdieusian and critical realist scholarship to explore qualitative data about the networking practices of 25 self-employed and entrepreneurial human resource consultants who competed in a conurbation in the North of England. We argue that the form of analysis that develops, which we call Realist Bourdieusian Analysis, reveals more about the causal properties of the social formations entrepreneurial workers navigate than analyses that are limited within each lexicon. Arguably, combining Bourdieusian analysis and critical realism enriches our understanding of the constituent parts of economic fields, the resources entrepreneurial workers access through them, and agents’ relations, experiences and reflexive struggles. This novel approach, we argue, facilitates deeper appreciation of these workers’ experiences and more insightful critique of existing supports to entrepreneurship, as well as the possibility of prescribing policy supports that might enable workers within the field studied. The analysis concludes by highlighting the practical, theoretical and methodological contributions of this research.
Multinational Expansion of Worker Cooperatives and Their Employment Practices: Markets, Institutions, and Politics in Mondragon
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Errasti Anjel , Marcuello Carmen
Published: May 2018

Drawing on qualitative research and longitudinal data on two Mondragon multinational cooperatives, the authors examine the multinational expansion of these co-ops and the diffusion of the cooperative model’s employment practices to their subsidiaries in Brazil, China, Slovakia, France, and Poland. The results show that international expansion can radically transform the organizational architecture of co-ops and exacerbate dilemmas about how to put their hallmark values into practice. Moreover, the findings reveal a fragmented and inconsistent introduction of the cooperative model overseas. Work organization practices are homogeneous across the various sites, whereas job security, training, and pay equity practices are not. Core cooperative practices (i.e., employee participation in ownership, profit sharing, and general management) have not been implemented in any foreign operation. The study illustrates how market influences, institutions, and macro- and micro-politics shape the transfer of employment practices.
Laboratory data quality control: A new cost-effective approach
Authors: Aydos Murat , Nalbant Ahmet , Vural Yilmaz
Published: May 2018

In industrial and medical laboratories, prior to initiating the daily test procedure, the accuracy of the system is observed by measuring the reference control values. Measurements and test results may be below or above the reference value. Hence, the control data is employed in order to ensure that the test scores lie in the targeted range values, and the results obtained from the control data are evaluated via computer-based analysis. The results of the analysis have significant importance for control and improvement of process. Furthermore, the data to be analyzed may be the test results of a product as well as the measurement outcomes obtained from a laboratory. In this study, an algorithm named as Adaptive Precision Point Algorithm is proposed to evaluate the control data and to increase the stability by reducing the loss. In this schema, the contribution to the reduction of the total systematic error was observed by calculating the target working point and the Adaptive Precision Point deviations. Measurement outputs, in other terms the data, are processed in Adaptive Precision Point Algorithm. The algorithm determines a new adaptive working point for the incoming data by doing the required computations for precision working point. Moreover, the deviation between adaptive working point and the specified working point, which is defined according to the standards and rules, is calculated. By this way, adaptive working point is being utilized throughout the reduction of systemic errors. According to the results of the research, Adaptive Precision Point Algorithm eliminates the systematic errors on a large scale. The suggested algorithm provides results within the accepted quality deviation limits so it does not form a negativity in the understanding of quality. It is also observed that the algorithm sets a positive correlation between the minimized test results and reduction of time and material usage. Furthermore, the research and the algorithm offer a cost-effective solution. Consequently, the contribution and significance of the proposed algorithm can be understood in a better way by considering that it does not only maintain the quality limits but it also minimizes the cost and time spent during the testing of thousands of laboratory samples.
A cumulative family risk index model: Delinquency and academic performance among Han Chinese and Native Taiwanese students
Authors: Chen Hsing-Jung
Published: May 2018

The present study was designed to add to extant knowledge on the cumulative family risk model from a culturally specific perspective in Taiwan. Using a nationally representative sample of adolescents ( N = 16,435), this study examined the relationships among cumulative family risk, delinquency, and academic performance. The results suggested that cumulative family risk was associated positively with delinquency and negatively with academic performance. The findings also revealed a moderating effect of ethnicity on academic performance but not on delinquency. The findings suggested that reducing cumulative family risk is important. Attention to ethnic groups’ cultural values help in identifying mechanisms associated with youths’ developmental outcomes.
The impact of the financial crisis on families in Spain: The case of Ourense, Spain
Authors: Verde-Diego Carmen , Prado Conde Santiago , Aguiar Fernández Francisco-Xabier
Published: May 2018

This article presents the characteristics of the impact of the financial cutbacks implemented by the Spanish neoliberal government after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis on families. In this context, the results are obtained from 22 interviews and 35 questionnaires submitted to all social workers in the province’s community social services. These results corroborate that cutbacks have had a high impact on families, both for individual family members and for the family typology itself.
Job Crafting as Reaction to Organizational Change
Authors: Walk Marlene , Handy Femida
Published: May 2018

Change recipients are not just negative and passive, but positive and active shapers of organizational change; we draw on job crafting to reflect positive and proactive behaviors individuals display in their changing work environment. Drawing on job crafting and organizational change theory, this study proposes a conceptual framework that links change-specific context factors to job crafting as a form of change proactivity. These factors provide the impetus for change recipients to engage in job crafting, a relationship that is moderated by individual differences and situational factors. Job crafting is also related to organizational and individual outcomes. We test these relationships using data collected from teachers shortly after a major policy change was announced in Germany’s public education sector. This study provides new insights into the antecedents and outcomes of job crafting, while offering a positive framing of change recipients as positive and active shapers during organizational change.
Rethinking Our Metrics: Research in the Field of Higher Education in Prison
Authors: Gould Mary Rachel
Published: May 2018

Increasing access to higher education in prison often hinges upon a series of seemingly compelling and related rationales: the reduction of recidivism, saving taxpayer dollars, and increasing safety and security (inside and outside of prisons). The purpose of this volume is to move beyond the discussion of recidivism, cost and safety and security metrics and the randomized control trial as the gold-standard for assessing the function and outcomes of higher education in prison. Instead, the collection of essays in this volume forward a more expansive way to understand why and how higher education in prison supports students. Attempting to quantify the rationale for higher education in prison based on recidivism rates, economic savings, and/or community safety statistics will never build a sustainable argument for why higher education in prison is a meaningful and potentially transformative experience for a formerly incarcerated person; in the same way that employment rates will not independently indicate why higher education is a potentially transformative experience for a student on a traditional campus. The effort to question the metrics and methodologies used to assess prison education programs and the outcomes for students as well as to provide alternative ways of evaluating the work of higher education in prison is present in each of the articles in this journal issue.
Analysis of the dynamic properties of elastic knitted fabric for sportswear: inverse stress relaxation
Authors: Liu Su , Zhou Jinyun
Published: May 2018

In recent decades, sports and medical products, such as compression underwear and stockings, have been increasingly receiving more attention as more and more urbanites are beginning to focus on their health issues. In terms of compression garments, inverse relaxation takes place with frequent wear. Pressure retention on leg, body shaping, and muscle movement control during activity are highly related to this phenomenon. Elastic knitted fabrics are widely used for sportswear clothing. They have good mechanical and dynamic properties, which include good elasticity, recovery, tensile strength, etc. These properties have been extensively and recently studied by different researchers. However, the inverse relaxation of elastic knitted fabric is not a topic of study in the literature. In response to the research gap, this study systematically investigates the inverse stress relaxation of elastic knitted sportswear. A theoretical model is applied and validated through a series of experiments. The factor that affects the process of inverse relaxation and the relationship between relaxation and inverse relaxation are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The mechanism behind the structural deformation of elastic knitted fabric can then be intuitively revealed. This study therefore provides a new perspective for improving sportswear performance through fabric stitch design and engineering.
Liquid transport in non-uniform capillary fibrous media
Authors: Fan Jie , Li Cai-Xia , Qi Yuan-Yuan , Wang Li-Li , Shou Wan , Liu Yong
Published: May 2018

Liquid transport in porous materials is affected significantly by the geometry of the non-uniform capillaries. In this study, an N-section lotus-rhizome-node-like non-uniform capillary model was for the first time proposed based on the plane Poiseuille flow and capillary pressure equation to investigate the liquid transport in porous fibrous media. Normalized total flow time of the non-uniform capillary was obtained as a function of the height and width ratio between the converging and diverging nodes and their total number. The results indicated that the velocity of liquid transport greatly depended on the number of nodes in a certain liquid transport length. The non-uniform capillaries with frequent alterations between converging and diverging nodes have low liquid transport efficiency. The thick capillary exhibits fast liquid transport efficiency in those capillaries with the same self-similar geometry. The model was verified using polypropylene filament yarns and different liquids. The results agreed well with the theoretical prediction. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of liquid transport inside porous fibrous media with non-uniform capillaries, but can also guide the novel design and optimization of functional fibrous materials.
Analysis of the appearance of two-color cotton yarn by the double-channel spinning system
Authors: Guo Mingrui , Sun Fengxin , Wang Lei , Xue Yuan , Yang Ruihua , Gao Weidong
Published: May 2018

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the fiber distribution on the surface of a kind of novel two-color yarn spun by regulating the feeding ratio of two colored rovings on a modified ring spinning frame, which is named the double-channel spinning frame. The surface distribution ratio ( SDR) and the coefficient of variation of surface distribution evenness ( CV sd) of the two colored fiber strands in the yarns was used to quantify the fiber distribution feature along the yarns based on a purpose-made image acquisition device and the corresponding image processing method. The effect of the weight ratio, roving feeding position and spinning method on the mean SDR and CV sd were studied, and the testing results of the Z-twist and S-twist two-color yarns spun by a modified traditional ring spinning frame as well as the yarns spun by a modified compact spinning frame were compared with each other. The fibers of the left-hand roving are more likely to distribute in the surface of Z-twist yarn, while the fibers of the right-hand roving tend to distribute in the surface of S-twist yarn. Four linear fitting equations of the 19.4 tex Z-twist and S-twist two-color ring spun yarns and two-color compact spun yarns were developed to predict the relationships between the mean SDR and weight ratio of two colored fibers.
Use of cottonseed protein as a strength additive for nonwoven cotton
Authors: Villalpando Andres , Easson Michael , Cheng HN , Condon Brian
Published: May 2018

Nonwoven fabrics have grown in popularity in recent years due to their overwhelming usage in a wide range of consumer products. Cotton-based nonwovens are of particular interest because of their ability to be recycled and reused, resulting in a more environmentally friendly product compared to their petroleum-based counterparts. The current research characterized the use of cottonseed protein as an additive to increase the dry strength of cotton-based nonwovens. The tensile strength of nonwovens was found to increase as the concentration of protein applied was increased. At 11% protein concentration, the tear strength and burst strength increased significantly (relative to the nonwoven by itself) by 288% (machine direction) and 295%, respectively. Further characterization by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy suggested that cottonseed protein interacted with the cotton fiber in the nonwoven fabric to produce the increased dry strength.