bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Novel FKS1 R1354H Mutation Associated with Caspofungin Resistance in Candida auris Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System
Authors: Kiyohara Maiko , Miyazaki Taiga , Okamoto Michiyo , Hirayama Tatsuro , Makimura Koichi , Chibana Hiroji , Nakada Nana , Ito Yuya , Sumiyoshi Makoto , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Takazono Takahiro , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Kohno Shigeru , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Outbreaks of invasive infections, with high mortality rates, caused by multidrug-resistant Candida auris have been reported worldwide. Although hotspot mutations in FKS1 are an established cause of echinocandin resistance, the actual contribution of these mutations to echinocandin resistance remains unknown. Here, we sequenced the FKS1 gene of a caspofungin-resistant clinical isolate (clade I) and identified a novel resistance mutation (G4061A inducing R1354H). We applied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system to generate a recovered strain (H1354R) in which only this single nucleotide mutation was reverted to its wild-type sequence. We also generated mutant strains with only the R1354H mutation introduced into C. auris wild-type strains (clade I and II) and analyzed their antifungal susceptibility. Compared to their parental strains, the R1354H mutants exhibited a 4- to 16-fold increase in caspofungin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) while the H1354R reverted strain exhibited a 4-fold decrease in caspofungin MIC. In a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis, the in vivo therapeutic effect of caspofungin was more closely related to the FKS1 R1354H mutation and the virulence of the strain than its in vitro MIC. The CRISPR-Cas9 system could thus aid in elucidating the mechanism underlying drug resistance in C. auris.
A Dark Septate Endophyte Improves Cadmium Tolerance of Maize by Modifying Root Morphology and Promoting Cadmium Binding to the Cell Wall and Phosphate
Authors: Chen Si , Zhang Guangqun , Liang Xinran , Wang Lei , Li Zuran , He Yongmei , Li Bo , Zhan Fangdong
Published: May 2023

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) can improve the performance of host plants grown in heavy metal-polluted soils, but the mechanism is still unclear. A sand culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of a DSE strain (Exophiala pisciphila) on maize growth, root morphology, and cadmium (Cd) uptake under Cd stress at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg−1). The results indicated that the DSE significantly improved the Cd tolerance of maize, causing increases in biomass, plant height, and root morphology (length, tips, branch, and crossing number); enhancing the Cd retention in roots with a decrease in the transfer coefficient of Cd in maize plants; and increasing the Cd proportion in the cell wall by 16.0–25.6%. In addition, DSE significantly changed the chemical forms of Cd in maize roots, resulting in decreases in the proportions of pectates and protein-integrated Cd by 15.6–32.4%, but an increase in the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd by 33.3–83.3%. The correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive relationship between the root morphology and the proportions of insoluble phosphate Cd and Cd in the cell wall. Therefore, the DSE improved the Cd tolerance of plants both by modifying root morphology, and by promoting Cd binding to the cell walls and forming an insoluble phosphate Cd of lower activity. These results of this study provide comprehensive evidence for the mechanisms by which DSE colonization enhances Cd tolerance in maize in root morphology with Cd subcellular distribution and chemical forms.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Cystolepiota (Agaricaceae, Agaricales): New Species, New Combinations and Notes on the C. seminuda Complex
Authors: Qu Hua , Damm Ulrike , Hou Ya-Jun , Ge Zai-Wei
Published: May 2023

Species of Cystolepiota are known as diminutive lepiotaceous fungi with a worldwide distribution. Previous studies revealed that Cystolepiota is not monophyletic and preliminary DNA sequence data from recent collections suggested that several new species exist. Based on multi-locus DNA sequence data (the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, ITS; the D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, LSU; the most variable region of the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, rpb2 and a portion of the translation–elongation factor 1-α. tef1), C. sect. Pulverolepiota forms a distinct clade separating from Cystolepiota. Therefore, the genus Pulverolepiota was resurrected and two combinations, P. oliveirae and P. petasiformis were proposed. With the integration of morphological characteristics, multi-locus phylogeny, and information on geography and habitat, two new species, viz. C. pseudoseminuda and C. pyramidosquamulosa, are described and C. seminuda was revealed to be a species complex containing at least three species, viz. C. seminuda, C. pseudoseminuda, and Melanophyllum eryei. In addition, C. seminuda was re-circumscribed and neo-typified based on recent collections.
Evaluation of Fluconazole versus Echinocandins for Treatment of Candidemia Caused by Susceptible Common Candida Species: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Kim Jong Hun , Suh Jin Woong , Kim Min Ja
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluconazole and echinocandins in the treatment of candidemia caused by both fluconazole- and echinocandin-susceptible common Candida species. A retrospective study which enrolled adult candidemia patients ≥19 years diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from 2013 to 2018 was conducted. Common Candida species were defined as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Cases of candidemia were excluded based on the following exclusion criteria: (1) candidemia showed resistance to either fluconazole or echinocandins, or (2) candidemia was caused by other Candida species than common Candida species. In order to compare the mortality rates between patients who receive fluconazole or echinocandins, the propensity scores on variables of baseline characteristics using the multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to balance the antifungal treatment groups, and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Fluconazole and echinocandins were used in 40 patients and in 87 patients, respectively. The propensity score matching included 40 patients in each treatment group. After matching, the rates of 60-day mortality after candidemia were 30% in the fluconazole group and 42.5% in the echinocandins group, and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between antifungal treatment groups, p = 0.187. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that septic shock was significantly associated with the 60-day mortality, whereas fluconazole antifungal treatment was not associated with an excess 60-day mortality. In conclusion, our study results suggest that fluconazole use in the treatment of candidemia caused by susceptible common Candida species may be not associated with increased 60-day mortality compared to echinocandins.
Introduction to the Special Issue «Justice Based on Truth»
Authors: Senn Marcel
Published: May 2023

When I received a request from MDPI in 2021, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, to guest-edit a new online journal of philosophy of law and legal theory, including the history of their disciplines, it was immediately clear to me that this offer could be a great opportunity for all of us working in the field of philosophy of law or legal theory to develop an organ to exchange knowledge through this, as well as further crises [...]
Some Aspects of the Physiology of the Nyctotherus velox, a Commensal Ciliated Protozoon Taken from the Hindgut of the Tropical Millipede Archispirostreptus gigas
Authors: Kišidayová Svetlana , Scholcová Nikola , Mihaliková Katarína , Váradyová Zora , Pristaš Peter , Weisskopf Stanislava , Chrudimský Tomáš , Chroňáková Alica , Šimek Miloslav , Šustr Vladimír
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the growth requirements, fermentation pattern, and hydrolytic enzymatic activities of anaerobic ciliates collected from the hindgut of the African tropical millipede Archispirostreptus gigas are described. Single-cell molecular analysis showed that ciliates from the millipede hindgut could be assigned to the Nyctotherus velox and a new species named N. archispirostreptae n. sp. The ciliate N. velox can grow in vitro with unspecified prokaryotic populations and various plant polysaccharides (rice starch-RS, xylan, crystalline cellulose20-CC, carboxymethylcellulose-CMC, and inulin) or without polysaccharides (NoPOS) in complex reduced medium with soluble supplements (peptone, glucose, and vitamins). Specific catalytic activity (nkat/g of protein) of α amylase of 300, xylanase of 290, carboxymethylcellulase of 190, and inulinase of 170 was present in the crude protein extract of N. velox. The highest in vitro dry matter digestibility was observed in RS and inulin after 96 h of fermentation. The highest methane concentration was observed in xylan and inulin substrates. The highest short-chain fatty acid concentration was observed in RS, inulin, and xylan. In contrast, the highest ammonia concentration was observed in NoPOS, CMC, and CC. The results indicate that starch is the preferred substrate of the N. velox. Hydrolytic enzyme activities of N. velox showed that the ciliates contribute to the fermentation of plant polysaccharides in the gut of millipedes.
Recollections of a Helmstetter Disciple
Authors: Leonard Alan C.
Published: May 2023

Nearly fifty years ago, it became possible to construct E. coli minichromosomes using recombinant DNA technology. These very small replicons, comprising the unique replication origin of the chromosome oriC coupled to a drug resistance marker, provided new opportunities to study the regulation of bacterial chromosome replication, were key to obtaining the nucleotide sequence information encoded into oriC and were essential for the development of a ground-breaking in vitro replication system. However, true authenticity of the minichromosome model system required that they replicate during the cell cycle with chromosome-like timing specificity. I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to construct E. coli minichromosomes in the laboratory of Charles Helmstetter and, for the first time, measure minichromosome cell cycle regulation. In this review, I discuss the evolution of this project along with some additional studies from that time related to the DNA topology and segregation properties of minichromosomes. Despite the significant passage of time, it is clear that large gaps in our understanding of oriC regulation still remain. I discuss some specific topics that continue to be worthy of further study.
Development of Molecular Marker Linked to Seed Hardness in Pomegranate Using Bulked Segregant Analysis
Authors: Yazıcı Keziban , Gönülkırmaz Betül , Şahin Çevik Mehtap
Published: May 2023

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the fruit species with the oldest cultural history. There are many traits to determine the quality of pomegranate fruits. Among them, soft-seeded feature of pomegranate fruit is important trait for the market value of the fruit. For this reason, the demand for pomegranate varieties with soft seeds has been increasing, especially in recent years. In this study, molecular markers associated with seed hardness were developed to distinguish pomegranate cultivars with soft-seeded feature based on genomic DNA at the early stages of the pomegranate breeding process. For this purpose, pomegranate genotypes and/or cultivars from the population involved in reciprocal crosses of hard-seeded Ernar, medium-hard-seeded Hicaznar, and soft-seeded Fellahyemez cultivars were grouped as soft-seeded or hard-seeded. Further, leaf samples were collected from individuals belonging to each group. Then, the genomic DNA was isolated from each plant separately, and equal amount of genomic DNA from individuals with the similar seed hardness were mixed for bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The bulked genomic DNAs of opposite characters were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random decamer primers to develop random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with soft-seeded or hard-seeded pomegranates. A total of three RAPD markers were determined to distinguish the individuals having soft- or hard-seeded pomegranate genotypes and/or cultivars. As a result of the comparison of the DNA sequences of these RAPD markers, insertion-deletions (inDels) primers were designed to developed and validate a PCR assay to distinguish the soft- and hard-seeded pomegranate genotypes/cultivars from each other. The molecular markers developed in this study will enable us to distinguish soft-seeded pomegranate types easily in a short time at the early stages of the pomegranate breeding programs.
Experimental Analysis of Chemically Degraded Lubricant’s Impact on Spur Gear Wear
Authors: Hirani Harish , Jangra Dharmender , Sidh Kishan Nath
Published: May 2023

The impact of lubricating oil degradation, which can happen during both storage and use, on spur gear wear is thoroughly examined in this paper at all scales, from macro to nano. A thorough structure was created by combining the results of testing performed at the macroscale on a test rig and at the nanoscale using tools such as FESEM analysis. Using a single-stage spur transmission under two different working conditions (‘40 Nm, 1200 rpm, 198 h’ and ‘50 Nm, 500 rpm, 90 min’), macroscale experiments were carried out using both conventional and artificially degraded lubricant oils. Aqueous hydrochloric acid (36.46% v/v concentration) was added to the lubricating lubricant to induce artificial degradation. Wear development and oil degradation were monitored in real time using tools such as metallic wear detritus sensors and oil sensor suites. Offline methods, such as total acid number (TAN) and pH value readings, were used with periodic lubricant oil samples. It was discovered through both online and offline monitoring methods that the spur gear experienced substantial wear in lubricant-degraded conditions. By demonstrating elevated levels of oxidative degradation products and the formation of new oxidative compounds, such as sulphates and aromatic groups, the attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis of the oil degradation at the nanoscale verified this. In addition, water creation was noted. It is interesting to note that the pH meter has become a viable option for detecting oil degradation and offers a useful way to keep track of lubricant quality. Overall, this study shows that there is a strong connection between macroscale and nanoscale phenomena in the complete method created for assessing the tribological performance of gear lubricants.
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Stamping of Serpentine Micro-Channel for Titanium Bipolar Plates Used in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Zhong Qi , Hua Risheng , Cheng Lidong , Wang Chunju , He Haidong , Chen Feng , Ma Zhenwu
Published: May 2023

Metallic bipolar plates (BPPs) are key components in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which can replace traditional fossil fuels as a kind of clean energy. However, these kinds of plates, characterized by micro-channels with a high ratio between depth and width, are difficult to fabricate with an ultra-thin metallic sheet. Then, ultrasonic-vibration-assisted stamping is performed considering the acoustic softening effect. Additionally, the influence of various vibration parameters on the forming quality is analyzed. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration can obviously increase the channel depth. Among the vibration parameters, the vibration power has the maximum influence on the depth, the vibration interval time is the second, and the vibration duration time is the last. In addition, the rolling direction will affect the channel depth. When the micro-channels are parallel to the rolling direction, the depth of a micro-channel is the largest. This means that the developed ultrasonic-vibration-assisted stamping process is helpful for improving the forming limitation of micro-channels used for the bipolar plates in PEMFC.
Shape Adjustment and Experimental Study of a Shape Memory Cable (SMC) Structure
Authors: Pan Fengqun , Jiang Xiangjun , Du Jingli , Liu Jia , Fan Yesen , Zou Wusong
Published: May 2023

Large deployable cable net antennas have attracted extensive attention worldwide because of their simple structure and high storage ratio. The cable net structure is affected by long exposure in a harsh space environment during satellite operation, resulting in large thermal deformation and stress relaxation, which leads to a degradation of antenna performance. To address the thermal deformation of the cable net structure, a shape memory cable (SMC) net structure model was proposed with surface accuracy as the research objective. Specifically, we aimed to utilize its phase transition characteristics to adjust the thermal deformation of cable net structure and improve its surface accuracy. A shape memory cable net structure model with a diameter of 2.2 m was built, and a normal temperature experiment and high- and low-temperature experiments were carried out. High- and low-temperature test refers to environmental simulation testing of shape memory cable net structures under high- and low-temperature conditions. This was done to determine whether the adjustment method for surface accuracy meets the requirements. The results showed that the shape memory alloy wire has a relatively stable ability to adjust the surface accuracy of the cable net structure at room temperature. During temperature cycling, the thermal deformation of the shape memory cable net structure is slight, and the surface accuracy is good. Compared with ordinary cable net structures, the shape memory cable net structure has improved surface accuracy by 44.4% and 45.2% at high and low temperatures, respectively. This proved the effectiveness of the method for adjusting surface accuracy. These experimental results offer guiding significance for engineering applications.
Preparation of Nano-Sized C-S-H and Its Acceleration Mechanism on Portland Cement Hydration at Different Temperatures
Authors: Fang Yanfeng , Zhang Limin , Li Li , Zhao Mingyu , Wang Qing , Mei Yong
Published: May 2023

Nano-sized C-S-H, a promising early strength agent, can accelerate the hydration rate of Portland cement and increase the early compressive strength of cement-based composites effectively. Nano-sized C-S-H suspensions with different contents of effective constituent and size distributions were prepared by a convenient coprecipitation method and the microstructures were analyzed by Zeta potential, XRD and FT-IR. The exothermic heat, early mechanical properties, hydration degree and hydration products of cement with/without nano-sized C-S-H cured at different temperatures were studied by hydration exothermic, XRD, SEM and TG analysis. Nano-sized C-S-H with semi-crystalline structures was prepared, and the size of the nano-sized C-S-H seeds showed an obvious increase with an increase in theoretical concentration, and slight precipitation in the suspension was observed when the theoretical concentration was 2%. The XRD, TG and SEM analyses showed that nano-sized C-S-H expedites the reaction of C3S in the first 24 h; therefore, the hydration induction period is obviously shortened. The 8 h, 16 h and 24 h compressive strength of mortars containing nano-sized C-S-H increased by 176.0%, 145.6% and 43.9%, respectively, compared with the reference mortar. The enhancement effects of nano-sized C-S-H at 10 °C were lower than that at 20 °C.
Vibration Analysis of a Unimorph Nanobeam with a Dielectric Layer of Both Flexoelectricity and Piezoelectricity
Authors: Naderi Ali , Quoc-Thai Tran , Zhuang Xiaoying , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: May 2023

In this study, for the first time, free and forced vibrational responses of a unimorph nanobeam consisting of a functionally graded base, along with a dielectric layer of both piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity, is investigated based on paradox-free local/nonlocal elasticity. The formulation and boundary conditions are attained by utilizing the energy method Hamilton’s principle. In order to set a comparison, the formulation of a model in the framework of differential nonlocal is first presented. An effective implementation of the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is then utilized to solve higher-order partial differential equations. This method can be utilized to solve the complex equations whose analytic results are quite difficult to obtain. Lastly, the impact of various parameters is studied to characterize the vibrational behavior of the system. Additionally, the major impact of flexoelectricity compared to piezoelectricity on a small scale is exhibited. The results show that small-scale flexoelectricity, rather than piezoelectricity, is dominant in electromechanical coupling. One of the results that can be mentioned is that the beams with higher nonlocality have the higher voltage and displacement under the same excitation amplitude. The findings can be helpful for further theoretical as well as experimental studies in which dielectric material is used in smart structures.
Large Deflection of Foam-Filled Triangular Tubes under Transverse Loading
Authors: Zhang Jianxun , Dong Huaiyu , Sun Hao , Liu Henghui , Su Hao
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the large deflection of the foam-filled triangular tube (FFTT) is studied analytically and numerically under transverse loading. Considering the strengths of the foam and the tube, the yield criterion of FFTT is established. Based on the yield criterion, a theoretical model for the large deflection of the clamped triangular tube filled with foam under transverse loading is developed. The numerical simulations are carried out using ABAQUS/Standard software, and the analytical results are compared with the numerical ones. The effects of foam strength, thickness of the tube, and the width of the punch on the load-bearing capacity and energy absorption of the clamped FFTT loaded transversally are discussed in detail. It is demonstrated that the load-bearing ability and the energy absorption increase with increasing foam strength, tube thickness, and punch width. The closer the loading position is to the clamped end, the greater the increases in the capacity of load bearing and the energy absorption of the triangular tube filled with foam. The theoretical model can be used to foresee the large deflection of metal FFTT under transverse loading.
Polygonum cuspidatum Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Dual Inhibition of TNF-α- and IL-6 Cytokines and Free Radical Species
Authors: Iordache Teodora-Alexandra , Badea Nicoleta , Mihaila Mirela , Crisan Simona , Pop Anca Lucia , Lacatusu Ioana
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this study was the testing of natural compounds, such as Polygonum cuspidatum (PgnC) loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which can act as a “double-edged sword” aimed at simultaneously combating dangerous free radicals and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol-rich PgnC extract was paired with another phytochemical, Diosgenin (DSG), in NLC. The lipid nanocarriers carrying both herbals (NLC-DSG-PgnC) had spherical diameters (100 ± 2 50 nm), a polydispersity index of ~0.15, and electrokinetic potentials greater than −46.5 mV. Entrapment efficiencies of 65% for PgnC and 87% for DSG were determined by chromatographic and UV-Vis spectroscopy assays. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that 50 µg/mL of NLC-PgnC and dual-NLC ensured a biocompatible effect like the untreated cells. The dual-NLC assured a much slower in vitro release of DSG and PgnC (67% PgnC and 48% DSG) than the individual-NLC (78% PgnC and 47% DSG) after 4 h of experiments. NLC encapsulating PgnC presented a superior ability to capture cationic radicals: 74.5 and 77.9%. The chemiluminescence results pointed out the non-involvement of DSG in stopping oxygenated free radicals, while the antioxidant activity was maintained at a level higher than 97% for dual-NLC. NLC-DSG-PgnC ensured a promising capacity for inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, ranging from 91.9 to 94.9%.
Modeling and Model Verification of the Stress-Strain State of Reinforced Polymer Concrete
Authors: Yelemessov Kassym , Sabirova Layla B. , Martyushev Nikita V. , Malozyomov Boris V. , Bakhmagambetova Gulnara B. , Atanova Olga V.
Published: May 2023

This article considers the prospects of the application of building structures made of polymer concrete composites on the basis of strength analysis. The issues of application and structure of polymer-concrete mixtures are considered. Features of the stress-strain state of normal sections of polymer concrete beams are revealed. The dependence between the stresses and relative deformations of rubber polymer concretes and beams containing reinforcement frame and fiber reinforcement has been determined. The main direction of the study was the choice of ways to increase the strength characteristics of concrete with the addition of a polymer base and to increase the reliability of structures in general. The paper presents the results of experimental and mathematical studies of the stress-strain state and strength, as well as deflections of reinforced rubber-polymer beams. The peculiarities of fracture of reinforced rubber-polymer beams along their sections have been revealed according to the results of the experiment. The peculiarities of fracture formation of reinforced rubber-polymer beams have also been revealed. The conducted work has shown that the share of longitudinal reinforcement and the height of the fibrous reinforcement zone are the main factors. These reasons determine the characteristics of the strength of the beams and their resistance to destructive influences. The importance and scientific novelty of the work are the identified features of the stress-strain state of normal sections of rubber-concrete beams, namely, it has been established that the ultimate strength in axial compression and tension, deformations corresponding to the ultimate strength for rubber concrete exceed similar parameters for cement concrete 2.5–6.5 times. In the case of the addition of fiber reinforcement, this increase becomes, respectively, 3.0–7.5 times.
Heat Treatment of High-Performance Ferritic (HiperFer) Steels
Authors: Kuhn Bernd , Talik Michal
Published: May 2023

High-performance Ferritic (HiperFer) steels are a novel class of heat-resistant, fully ferritic, Laves phase precipitation hardened materials. In comparison to conventional creep strength-enhanced 9–12 wt.% Cr ferritic–martensitic steels, HiperFer features increased mechanical strength, based on a thermodynamically stable distribution of small (Fe,Cr,Si)2(Nb,W) Laves phase precipitates, and—owing to its increased chromium content of 17 wt.%—improved resistance to steam oxidation, resulting in superior temperature capability up to 650 °C. Previous publications focused on alloying, thermomechanical processing, and basic mechanical property evaluation. The current paper concentrates on the effect of heat treatment on microstructural features, especially Laves phase population, and the resulting creep performance. At 650 °C and a creep stress of 100 MPa, an increase in rupture time of about 100% was achieved in comparison to the solely thermomechanically processed state.
Comprehensive Compensation Method for Motion Trajectory Error of End-Effector of Cable-Driven Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Li Yanglong , Xue Yujun , Yang Fang , Cai Haichao , Li Hang
Published: May 2023

The accuracy of the end-effector motion trajectory is a critical performance indicator for cable-driven parallel mechanisms. This study aims to address the problem of trajectory error during the end-effector motion in a cable-driven parallel mechanism. It proposes a comprehensive compensation method based on the simultaneous application of the improved sparrow search algorithm and the cable length space error compensation algorithm, leveraging kinematic analysis. To compensate for the motion trajectory error of the end-effector caused by the geometric parameter error, the study establishes the kinematic model of the cable-driven parallel mechanism using the vector method. It creates the end-effector position error model and motion trajectory error model using the differential kinematic theory, analyzes the impact of the geometric parameter error on the motion trajectory error, constructs the kinematic parameter identification matrix, and uses an improved sparrow search algorithm to compensate for the position error of the motion trajectory interpolation point. For the motion trajectory error of the end-effector caused by non-geometric parameter error, the study analyzes the intrinsic correlation between the adjacent position error of the end-effector and the variation of the cable length using the error similarity theory. It then compensates for the position error of the interpolation point of the trajectory using a cable length space interpolation compensation method to enhance the motion trajectory accuracy of the end-effector. The study experimentally verifies the proposed comprehensive compensation method for end-effector motion trajectory error on a 4-cable-driven 2-DOF parallel mechanism, which reduces the motion trajectory error of the end-effector by 75%.
Two One-Dimensional Copper-Oxalate Frameworks with the Jahn–Teller Effect: [(CH3)3NH]2[Cu(μ-C2O4)(C2O4)]·2.5H2O (I) and [(C2H5)3NH]2[Cu(μ-C2O4)(C2O4)]·H2O (II)
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Yan , Wang Zheming , Sun Yang , Liang Tongling , Liu Mei , Zhu Daoben
Published: May 2023

Two one-dimensional oxalate-bridged Cu(II) ammonium salts, [(CH3)3NH]2[Cu(μ-C2O4)(C2O4)]·2.5H2O (I) and [(C2H5)3NH]2[Cu(μ-C2O4)(C2O4)]·H2O (II) were obtained and characterized. They were composed of ammonium: (CH3)3NH+ in (I), (C2H5)3NH+ in (II), [Cu(μ-C2O4)(C2O4)2−]n and H2O. The Jahn–Teller-distorted Cu(II) is octahedrally coordinated by six O atoms from three oxalates and forms a one-dimensional zigzag chain. The hydrogen bonds between ammonium, the anion and H2O form a three-dimensional network. There is no hydrogen bond between the anion chains. They were insulated at 20 °C with a relative humidity of 40%. Ferromagnetic and weak-ferromagnetic behaviors were observed in I and II, separately. No long-range ordering was observed above 2 K.
Assessment of Osteoporosis and Vitamin D3 Deficiency in Patients with Idiopathic Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Authors: Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Pluskiewicz Wojciech , Kos-Kudła Beata , Misiołek Maciej
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives: Osteoporosis and vitamin D3 deficiency may be risk factors of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and 25(OH) vitamin D3 deficiency in a group of patients with idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients (twenty-eight women and seven men) with posterior semicircular canal BPPV were enrolled in the study. The subjects underwent hearing assessment (tonal audiometry and impedance audiometry) and the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels were determined and lumbar spine bone densitometry was performed. The relationships between sex, age, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), vitamin D3 levels and bone densitometry results were assessed. Results: The diagnosis of osteoporosis was confirmed in 1 patient (3%), 3 subjects were osteopenic (8.6%), and normal bone densitometry was found in 31 (88.6%) patients. Conclusions: We found no statistically significant relationships between age, BMI or vitamin D3 levels and bone densitometry results in patients with idiopathic BPPV.
Cardiovascular Safety of Hydroxychloroquine–Azithromycin in 424 COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Million Matthieu , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Hourdain Jérôme , Franceschi Frédéric , Deharo Jean-Claude , Parola Philippe , Brouqui Philippe
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combined with azithromycin (AZM) has been widely administered to patients with COVID-19 despite scientific controversies. In particular, the potential of prolong cardiac repolarization when using this combination has been discussed. Materials and Methods: We report a pragmatic and simple safety approach which we implemented among the first patients treated for COVID-19 in our center in early 2020. Treatment contraindications were the presence of severe structural or electrical heart disease, baseline corrected QT interval (QTc) > 500 ms, hypokalemia, or other drugs prolonging QTc that could not be interrupted. Electrocardiogram and QTc was evaluated at admission and re-evaluated after 48 h of the initial prescription. Results: Among the 424 consecutive adult patients (mean age 46.3 ± 16.1 years; 216 women), 21.5% patients were followed in conventional wards and 78.5% in a day-care unit. A total of 11 patients (2.6%) had contraindications to the HCQ-AZ combination. In the remaining 413 treated patients, there were no arrhythmic events in any patient during the 10-day treatment regimen. QTc was slightly but statistically significantly prolonged by 3.75 ± 25.4 ms after 2 days of treatment (p = 0.003). QTc prolongation was particularly observed in female outpatients <65 years old without cardiovascular disease. Ten patients (2.4%) developed QTc prolongation > 60 ms, and none had QTc > 500 ms. Conclusions: This report does not aim to contribute to knowledge of the efficacy of treating COVID-19 with HCQ-AZ. However, it shows that a simple initial assessment of patient medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), and kalemia identifies contraindicated patients and enables the safe treatment of COVID-19 patients with HCQ-AZ. QT-prolonging anti-infective drugs can be used safely in acute life-threatening infections, provided that a strict protocol and close collaboration between infectious disease specialists and rhythmologists are applied.
Effect of Plasma Exchange Treatment in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Nguyen Duy Cuong , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Dinh Quang Kien , Le Dinh Tuan , Vu Thanh Binh , Hoang Van Thuan
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: To describe the clinical and biological characteristics of patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the management of HTG-AP. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 81 HTG-AP patients (30 treated with TPE and 51 treated conventionally). The main outcome was a decrease in serum triglyceride levels (<11.3 mmol/L) within 48 h of hospitalization. Results: The mean age of participants was 45.3 ± 8.7 years, and 82.7% were male. Abdominal pain was the most frequent clinical sign (100%), followed by dyspepsia (87.7%), nausea or vomiting (72.8%), and a bloated stomach (61.7%). The HTG-AP patients treated with TPE had significantly lower calcemia and creatinemia levels but higher triglyceride levels than those who received conservative treatment. They also had more severe diseases than those treated conservatively. All patients in the TPE group were admitted to the ICU, whereas the ICU admission rate in the non-TPE group was 5.9%. The TPE patients were more likely to experience a rapid decrease in triglyceride levels within 48 h of treatment than those treated conventionally (73.3% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.03, respectively). The decrease in triglyceride levels did not depend on the age, gender, or comorbidities of the HTG-AP patients or the severity of disease. However, TPE and early treatment in the first 12 h of disease onset were effective in rapidly reducing serum triglyceride levels (adjusted OR = 3.00, p = 0.04 and aOR = 7.98, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: This report demonstrates the effectiveness of early TPE in reducing triglyceride levels among HTG-AP patients. More randomized clinical trials studies with a large sample size and post-discharge follow-up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of TPE methods in managing HTG-AP.
The Impact of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange on Inflammatory Markers and Acute Phase Reactants in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Porosnicu Tamara Mirela , Sirbu Ioan Ovidiu , Oancea Cristian , Sandesc Dorel , Bratosin Felix , Rosca Ovidiu , Jipa Daniel , Boeriu Estera , Bandi Satya Sai Sri , Pricop Marius
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Due to the poor prognosis and the very high mortality rate associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, various regimens have been tried to stop the evolution of the inflammatory cascade, such as immunomodulatory therapy and plasma clearance of the acute phase reactants involved. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze the effects of using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), also known as plasmapheresis, on the inflammatory markers of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: A thorough scientific database search was performed, and it included a review of articles published on PubMed, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until September 2022 that focused on the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections using plasma exchange for patients admitted to the ICU. The current study included original articles, reviews, editorials, and short or special communications regarding the topic of interest. Results: A total of 13 articles were selected after satisfying the inclusion criterion of three or more patients enrolled with clinically severe COVID-19 that were eligible for TPE. From the included articles, it was observed that TPE was used as a last-resort salvage therapy that can be regarded as an alternative treatment method when the standard management for these patients fails. TPE significantly decreased the inflammatory status as measured by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count, and D-dimers, as well as improving the clinical status measured with PaO2/FiO2 and duration of hospitalization. The pooled mortality risk reduction after TPE was 20%. Conclusions: There are sufficient studies and evidence to show that TPE reduces inflammatory mediators and improves coagulation function and the clinical/paraclinical status. Nevertheless, although it was shown that TPE decreases the severe inflammatory status without significant complications, the improvement of survival rate remains unclear.
The Impact of Tourniquet Usage on TKA Outcome: A Single-Center Prospective Trial
Authors: Dragosloveanu Serban , Dragosloveanu Christiana , Petre Mihnea , Gherghe Mihai E. , Cotor Dragos C.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) are the most effective surgical treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. The tourniquet is used to reduce intraoperative blood loss, improving surgical field visualization. There is much controversy regarding the effectiveness and safety of using a tourniquet during total knee arthroplasties. The purpose of this prospective study is to determine the effect of tourniquet usage during TKAs on early functional outcomes and pain in our center. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of patients following a primary total knee replacement between October 2020 and August 2021. We recorded presurgical data, which included age, sex and knee range of motion. Intraoperatively, we measured the amount of blood aspiration and the surgical room time. After the surgery, we measured the amount of blood aspirated through the drains and the hemoglobin. We measured flexion, extension, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC score) scores for the functional evaluation. Results: We included 96 patients in the T group and 94 in the NT group, respectively, who remained until the last follow-up. Regarding blood loss, the NT group demonstrated significantly lower levels: 245 ± 97.8 mL intraoperative and 324.8 ± 151.65 mL postoperative, compared to the T group, where we recorded 276 ± 109.2 mL during the surgical procedures and 353.44 ± 101.55 mL after the surgery, (p < 0.05). We also recorded significantly shorter operative room time for the NT group, (p < 0.05). During the follow-up, we noticed postoperative improvements but without significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: We found a significant decrease in bleeding after no tourniquet usage during total knee replacements and shorter operative times. On the other hand, the knee function demonstrated no significant differences between the groups. Further studies may be required in order to assess complications.
Comorbidity Profile and Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Mortality in Non-Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Milicic Ivanovski Dragana , Milicic Stanic Branka , Kopitovic Ivan
Published: May 2023

Backgrounds and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. OSA is an independent risk factor for many different conditions, especially cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the comorbidity profile of non-obese patients with newly diagnosed OSA and evaluate the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The present study also aimed to establish predictors for OSA severity. Materials and Methods: This study included 138 newly diagnosed patients who underwent polysomnographic analysis. The 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease was assessed using a newly validated prediction model: Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE-2). In addition, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was assessed as a widely-used example of a mortality comorbidity index. Results: The study population included 138 patients: 86 males and 52 females. Patients were stratified, according to AHI (apnea/hypopnea index), into four groups: 33 patients had mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), 33 patients had moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30), 31 patients had severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30), and 41 individuals had AHI < 5, which were a part of the control group. SCORE-2 increased in line with OSA severity and was higher in OSA groups compared to the control group (H = 29.913; DF = 3; p < 0.001). Charlson Index was significantly higher in OSA patients compared to controls (p = 0.001), with a higher prevalence of total comorbidities in the OSA group of patients. Furthermore, CCI 10-year survival score was significantly lower in the OSA group, suggesting a shorter survival of those patients with a more severe form of OSA. We also examined the prediction model for OSA severity. Conclusions: Determining the comorbidity profile and estimation of the 10-year risk score of OSA patients could be used to classify these patients into various mortality risk categories and, according to that, provide them with adequate treatment.
Association between Patients’ Self-Judgement, Coagulated Menstrual Blood, and Menorrhagia: Results from a Questionnaire Survey and Blood Test Analysis
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Ahn Ji Eun , Ryu Jung Min , Jeong Yoon Young , Choi Youn Seok
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Menorrhagia is defined as a blood loss of more than 80 mL, which is significant enough to cause anemia. Previously known methods for evaluating menorrhagia, such as the alkalin-hematin method, pictograms, and measuring the weight of sanitary products, were all impractical, complex, and time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which item among menstrual history taking was most associated with menorrhagia and devised a simple evaluating method for menorrhagia through history taking that can be applied clinically. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from June 2019 to December 2021. A survey was conducted on premenopausal women who underwent outpatient treatment or surgery and those who underwent a gynecologic screening test, and their blood tests were analyzed. The presence of iron deficiency anemia was identified with a Hb level of less than 10 g/dL with microcytic hypochromic anemia on a complete blood count performed within one month of the survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted on six items related to menorrhagia to investigate whether each item was related to “significant menorrhagia”. Results: There were 301 participants in the survey during the period. In univariate analysis, the results revealed a statistically significant association between significant menorrhagia and the following items: self-judgement of menorrhagia; menstruation lasting over 7 days; total pad counts in a single menstrual period; Number of sanitary products changed per day; and leakaging of menstrual blood and presence of coagulated menstrual blood. In multivariate analysis, only the “self-judgement of menorrhagia” item showed a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.035; an odds ratio = 2.217). When the “self-judgement of menorrhagia” item was excluded, the “passage of clots larger than one inch in diameter” item showed a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.023; an odds ratio = 2.113). Conclusions: “Patient self-judgement of menorrhagia” is a reliable item for evaluating menorrhagia. Among several symptoms indicating menorrhagia, determining the presence of the “passage of clots larger than one inch in diameter” during the menstrual period is the most useful item for evaluating menorrhagia in clinical history taking. This study suggested using these simple menstrual history taking items to evaluate menorrhagia in real clinical practice.
Value Addition Employing Waste Bio-Materials in Environmental Remedies and Food Sector
Authors: Taneja Akriti , Sharma Ruchi , Khetrapal Shreya , Sharma Avinash , Nagraik Rupak , Venkidasamy Baskar , Ghate Manju Nath , Azizov Shavkatjon , Sharma Somesh , Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2023

Overall, combating food waste necessitates a multifaceted approach that includes education, infrastructure, and policy change. By working together to implement these strategies, we can help reduce the negative impacts of food waste and create a more sustainable and equitable food system. The sustained supply of nutrient-rich agrifood commodities is seriously threatened by inefficiencies caused by agricultural losses, which must be addressed. As per the statistical data given by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, nearly 33.33% of the food that is produced for utilization is wasted and frittered away on a global level, which can be estimated as a loss of 1.3 billion metric tons per annum, which includes 30% cereals, 20% dairy products 35% seafood and fish, 45% fruits and vegetables, and 20% of meat. This review summarizes the various types of waste originating from various segments of the food industry, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy, marine, and brewery, also focusing on their potential for developing commercially available value-added products such as bioplastics, bio-fertilizers, food additives, antioxidants, antibiotics, biochar, organic acids, and enzymes. The paramount highlights include food waste valorization, which is a sustainable yet profitable alternative to waste management, and harnessing Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence technology to minimize food waste. Detail of sustainability and feasibility of food waste-derived metabolic chemical compounds, along with the market outlook and recycling of food wastes, have been elucidated in this review.