bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method on Obtaining Depth Information and Parallel Adjusting Mechanism Design Based on Lens Imaging Principle
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhu Xing Long , Yin Nan , Gao Shang
Published: August 2011

Owing to the deficiency of pinhole imaging model, a method to measure the depth information of the object based on lens imaging principle is proposed in this paper. By drawing on the two states of the measured object before and after changing position, this method manages to adjust the position of lens until the image become clearest, record the related information of position variation in order to obtain the depth information of the object. Meanwhile, whether the lens central plane is parallel to the CCD plane or not is also discussed, which is the reason why the image is fuzzy. A new kind of two degrees of freedom parallel adjusting mechanism was designed to solve the two problems above, which can achieve two degrees of freedom including independent moving and independent rotating. The clearest image can be obtained by adjusting the object distance and the image distance without changing the focal length of the camera. Besides, the mechanism can also be used to detect whether the installation position of lens central plane matches the CCD plane or not.
The Integrated Design of an Interactive Service Robot for Shanghai World Expo 2010
Authors: Xiong Rong , Du Xin Feng , Wang Wen Fei , Wu Yong Hai , Chu Jian , Zheng Hong Bo
Published: August 2011

This paper describes the integrated design and techniques of the HAIBAO robot, an interactive service robot developed for Shanghai World Expo 2010. Compared with previous exhibition service robots, the HAIBAO robot has improved flexible motion ability, anthropomorphic interaction ability and intelligent cognitive and decision-making ability. In addition to both hardware and software system design, some key techniques including a four-wheeled omnidirectional mechanism and its motion control and compensatory algorithm, and multitask scheduling are introduced. During the Expo, which lasted 184 days, 37 HAIBAO robots successfully served tourists by providing information, photography services, hall guidance, conversation and various entertainment. Their robustness, stability, flexibility and friendliness were greatly commended.
Design and Analysis of a Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Yu Yu Min
Published: August 2011

Active materials are a group of solid-state materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of heat, light, electric field, or magnetic field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. The most common active materials used in actuators are piezoelectrics, magnetostrictives, and SMAs. In this paper, a piezoelectric actuation concept is presented that uses a new feed-screw motion accumulation technique. The feed-screw concept involves accumulating high frequency actuation strokes of a piezoelectric stack (driving element) by intermittently rotating nuts on an output feed-screw. The main parts of piezoelectric actuation such as clamp mechanism, rotary mechanism and “L type” driving mechanism are investigated. From the analysis, the deformation and stress of it are all under allowed value of 65Mn. The mathematics model of upside of rotary mechanism rotation motion is established. The results indicate that, the mechanisms of actuator all are satisfy the need of design
Motion Modeling for Humanoid Robot Walking on Slopes
Authors: Yang Jing , Wu Jun , Xiong Rong
Published: August 2011

Humanoid robot is a highly nonlinear system and balance control is essential to achieve the purpose of stable walking on the plane. As for the inclined plane, the stable walking is even much more difficult. This article proposes a walking pattern with off-line planning for Humanoid robot walking on slopes, which combines the cart-table model on an inclined plane to realize stable walking. The control algorithm is implemented on our robot, experimental results show the realization of stable walking.
Stability Analysis of Biped Robot with an Efficient Approach
Authors: Liu Ming Qin , Tang Qi Dong , Zhang Yuan Liang
Published: August 2011

Abstract: For biped robot, to control the moving stability is the key technology for the design. The biped robot has a human figure and several pose when moving. It is difficult to control its dynamic stability using the traditional method. This article gives a dynamic energy pyramid method, derives the characteristic parameter ----overturning stability index that maintain stable, and gives the method to calculate the overturning stability index. According to the overturning stability index, using the fuzzy neural network adaptive control system can change the configuration and velocity of the robot real time to assure its overturning stability. It will be easier to control the stable movement of the robot using the parameter. The action generated by the system has good practicability and high reliability, also can reduce the danger in the movement of the robot.
The Series Combination of Cycloid Tooth Profile Planetary Mechanism and Screw Mechanism for Linear Drivers
Authors: Li Si Yi , Yang Ya Ping
Published: August 2011

A combined mechanism, which cycloid tooth profile planetary mechanism and screw mechanism are connected in series, can convert the input-component’s high-speed rotary motion to output-component’s low-speed reciprocating linear motion. Base on that mechanism, a linear drivers was developed. And it is composed by electric motor, eccentric shaft, cycloid-plate, screw & nut, and so on. Because an intermediate transmission mode used rolling-body is applied in the contact surfaces among the kinematic pairs, the drivers’ stability and transmission efficiency are enhanced through improving kinematic pairs’ friction state and reducing parts abrasion. In the paper, it is emphasis discussed that the kinematics and main parameters’ computational method for cycloid tooth profile planetary mechanism.
Parametric Design of Wet Shifting Clutch Based on Secondary Development of Pro/E
Authors: Cui Hong Wei , Yan Qing Dong , Yao Shou Wen
Published: August 2011

In order to meet the design requirements, the wet shifting clutch was designed based on secondary development of Pro/E. The basic principle of parametric design and the system composition of Pro/Toolkit application program were introduced. The three-dimensional template of wet shifting clutch was established. The VC++6.0 programming platform was utilized. The application program interface was set up by using the synchronous mode of Pro/Toolkit. The regeneration of wet shifting clutch was completed. The parametric design about the key sizes in the key parts and assembly relationship of the wet shifting clutch were realized. The convenient design of wet shifting clutch was achieved. The effective method could be provided for the parametric design of other complex parts.
Mechanism Innovative Design for Manufacturing Internal Cylindrical Cavity Die
Authors: Wu Jie , Zong Zhen Qi
Published: August 2011

When the internal cylindrical cavity die is processed on traditional milling machine, such defects as interference between the disc milling cutter and die, low efficiency as well as poor shape accuracy often exists. This paper describes a new manufacturing method, in which the compound motion theory is applied by means of combining rotary motion of cutters with the horizontal movement of the work-piece. As result the internal cylindrical cavity die can be manufactured very accurately, not only improving production efficiency but also ensuring the accuracy of the cylindrical cavity.
Outer Mesh and "Two Teeth Difference" Planetary Gear Transmission Parameter Optimization Design
Authors: Ye You Dong , Zhang Wen Xiang
Published: August 2011

Based on the structure and failure features of a new type of outer mesh and “two teeth difference” planetary gear transmission, a optimize method for the gear’s parameters is pointed out avoid of structure failure. The modification coefficients of the gear pairs are obtained through optimization design, so the sliding coefficient for the driving gear, driven gear and planetary gear tending to be equal. The relative slide between gears is reduced, and the working life of the structure is increased greatly.
Research and Implementation of Parameter Mapping in Computational Method Combined Execution
Authors: Ling Wei Qing , Wang Jian
Published: August 2011

In view of the issues of computational method combined execution that need parameters transfer in the process of complex product engineering analysis, the execution principle and parameter file formats of computational method are discussed. Through parsed the computational parameters, the mapping relationship among multi-computational methods are established and parameters passing between computational methods is realized. A product design analysis environment system, called PDAE, is developed. With the application of PDAE in the analysis process for CFB boiler and turbo-generator, the feasibility and validity of the approach proposed is demonstrated.
Kinematical Simulation and Analysis of the Combining Vibrating Screen
Authors: Guo Nian Qin , Huang Wei Ping , Lin Jing Yao
Published: August 2011

The entity model of the combining vibrating screen was built and leaded into the multi-rigidbody dynamics software called Adams. Its kinematical simulation and analysis were done, and displacement graphs and velocity graphs of the movement of the mass center were obtained. The movement laws of the combining vibrating screen were revealed. All the researches were done to provide theories to design combining vibrating screens.
Design and Application of High-Efficiency and Energy-Saving Liner in Coal Pulverizer
Authors: Lu Xiang , Ren Li Jun
Published: August 2011

The process of liner wear and the changing characteristics of the ability of crushing and grinding in the coal pulverizer are analyzed, a new type of cylinder liner is developed, which has a multi-step wave crest. The small balls on the liner are stuck by the steps, in this way, the wear of the liner wave crest is lightened, so it can keep a long-term stability, it also can take the balls to a reasonable height, increase the number of the balls which are taken by the wave crest and make the dropping points scattered, as result of that, it substantially increased the coal pulverizer's crushing and grinding efficiency; Also the wave crest of the liner can be dismantled from the base plate and individually replaced, so it made a great reduce in the material consumption of liner. The test shows that, with appropriate use of the balls, the liner can reduce the ball charge by 35-50%, reduce power consumption by 30-40%，it also can keep the coal pulverizer's output and improve milling fineness.
Natural Characteristics Analysis on Structure of Disc Vibration Dryer
Authors: Wang Xue Ping , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: August 2011

In view of the influence of the periodic vibration to the structure of disc vibration dryer, This article analyzes the mode of vibration system of the dryer by using FEA software ANSYS, extracts the first ten order modes and gets the dynamic characteristics on the modes. The analysis of the modes and the characteristics can provide basis for the improvement of this kind of dryer.
Influence of the Measurement on Superfine Powder by Different Laser Particle Analyzer
Authors: Zhou Xin Mu , Li Yong Xiu
Published: August 2011

The particle sizes of some superfine powders were comparatively determined using Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 and Omecls-601A laser particle analyzers. The results obtained were analyzed with respecting to the dispersion used, the concentration of particles in the slurry and the particle properties such as their morphology and reflective index. It was found that a conformable result by these two laser particle analyzers can only obtained when the particles were well dispersed in a solution with a suitable content and reflective index as well as low alkalinity.
Development of Glass-Fabric Composite Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Kam Tai Yan , Wang B. W. , Su H. M.
Published: August 2011

The development process of a glass-fabric composite wind turbine blade is presented. A finite element model is constructed for the design and stress analysis of the wind blade. The wind blade parts were fabricated using the vacuum-bag molding technique. The assembling process of the wind blade is described in detail. The wind blade was tested to validate the suitability of the design. The finite element method is used to predict the failure wind loads of the wind blade.
A New Process of Hot-Pressing Mica Composite Insulation Material
Authors: Qian Yu Peng , Zhang Xiao Wei , Zhu Ying Bo
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a new method of the preparation of mica composite insulation material without making mica paper is introduced. Firstly, the mica pulp and modified starch is mixed, and then preformed by ultrasonic dispersion, finally formed with three separation steps of hot-pressing. The flexural strength of mica composite insulation material can reach 229.5 N/mm2, the dielectric strength can reach 23.80KV/mm.
Simulation of the Truck Crane Slewing Mechanism Hydraulic System Based on AMESim
Authors: Fei Ye , Zhang Xue Feng , Wu Qiong
Published: August 2011

The paper studies the QY20 truck crane slewing mechanism hydraulic system and expounded its working principle. The models of slewing mechanism were built by AMSim and the model of buffer oil compensating valve was built by the HCD function of the software. The correctness of the models were validated by in-situ measurement. Influence factors of slewing mechanism dynamic characteristics about the models were analyzed.
Terahertz Confinement and Dispersion in Subwavelength Slot Waveguide
Authors: Xing Xiao Bo , Li Bao Jun
Published: August 2011

The problem facing of spool used in high pressure wellhead is illustrated. The methods and steps of conventional design and autofrettage design for spool are introduced. Based on the 4rd strength theory, the wall thickness of spool under 103.5MPa is designed using the two methods. Compared with the conventional design, the wall thickness of spool is declined 16.6%, the gross weight is 60% of previous, the stress distribution is more uniform and the utilization rate of raw materials is increased by autofrettage. Thus it provides a theoretical basis for design of spool used in high pressure wellhead.
Structure Design of the New Roller Conveyor
Authors: Zhao Hong Sheng , Wu Yun Zhen
Published: August 2011

Based on the basic theory of three-phase AC Linear Induction Motor (LIM), this paper has designed a new structure of the roller conveyor. The device mainly consists of three parts, such as rollers, LIM and control-power unit. The roller serves not only as driving and load-bearing mechanism, but also as the secondary structure of LIM. The new roller conveyor is a new structure form of the conveyor, which could convey objects directly by the driving of LIM without the conventional intermediate transmission mechanism. Through the design of electromagnetic calculation procedure to LIM, the paper has determined the structure of primary groove and stamped steel of the LIM, and has designed the integral structure of the new roller conveyor and the concrete structure size of each component.
Survey on New Energy of Smart Grid
Authors: Ma You Jie , Ma Bu Yun , Zhou Xue Song
Published: August 2011

In this paper I Describe the definition and characteristics of the new energy. Systematically represent the characteristics, objectives and present status about the new energy in China. Based on the situation in China， facing the deteriorating environment and energy crisis， How to develop China's new energy in a efficient and reasonable way. At last ，From the research and analysis new energy development， some good methods about Chinese must be recommended.
Research on Intelligent Diagnosing Model Based Similarity Distance
Authors: Tan Wen Xue , Wang Xi Ping
Published: August 2011

In order to help human expert solve the problem of disease diagnosing, we analyze the comparability and relativity between pattern similarity distance and diagnosis as to the solution means, and pioneer the theoretical model of similarity-distance on the basis of certainty factors vectors and fuzzy membership factors vectors, and its corresponding data structure mode. Furthermore, the software hierarchy of model and recognition algorithm are designed. Experimentation statistics demonstrate that compared with the human expert, the novel model could obtain a satisfying accuracy rate of diagnosis over 85%, and reduce a rate of misdiagnosis effectively.
The Study on the Full Stress Optimal Design of Shape Steel Truss
Authors: Chen Xiao Zhen , Zhang Xue Jun , Ren Zhi Zhang
Published: August 2011

The rule of full stress is the most direct and effective method of the optimal design for shape steel truss. The full stress optimal design study of shape steel truss is about the optimal design of the discrete variable, which is more difficult than that of the continuous variable. Through the section parameters in the table of the shape steel, the function of the section area and the inertial radius is created, the optimal design of the discrete variable is changed into the optimal design of the continuous variable and the computed efficiency of iteration is promoted. Lastly, the general program is studied. Through this program, the truss with different kind and different shape in various load case is designed automatically. The result shows that the computation efficiency and accuracy is increased greatly, the proposed method can be used in the optimal design of the large-scale truss and spatial truss widely.
A Novel Shredder for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Effect of Operation Mode and Feed Composition
Authors: Luo Si Yi , Zhou Yang Min , Yi Chui Jie
Published: August 2011

In this paper a novel two-inlet MSW shredder was presented to overcome the intermission work of the single-course shredder. The reliability of the two-inlet shredder was investigated and four organic constituents of MSW namely plastic, kitchen garbage, leaves and branch were shredded in the two-inlet shredder to evaluate the shredder adaptability to MSW complex composition. The results show that compared with single-course shredder, the two-inlet operation mode improves shredding efficiency and reduces energy consumption to a great extent. With the double-inlet operation，about 73% as much energy is used per gram as with the single-course shredder. The shredder is much more effective for the pulverization of soft, ductile and fibrous materials (kitchen garbage and leaves in the test), but it is not good at the brittle material (branch). A total of 57.7% product of branch is below 10mm in size, while for kitchen garbage and leaves, the values are 97.7% and 92.5% respectively. And the value is the lowest for plastic, only 38.0 %.
Numerical Simulation of Effect on Billet Casting Q235 under Inner-Out Cooler
Authors: Li Lang , Chen Guo Ping
Published: August 2011

There is a new idea on the billet casting Q235 with size of 165mm×165 mm,It involves a couple technology to cool molten steel both from inside and outside, namely: to emplace an inner cooler -a pipe with the shape of letter U in the mould. It aims to increase the thermal conductivity and improve the inner structure of the billet. With the help of Fluent -a kind of CFD business soft ware, a numerical simulation is undertaken to testify the condition of the molten steel in the inner-outer cooling mould coupled by flow field and temperature field.
Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of Multilayer Piezoelectric Stack Actuator
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yang Yi Yong
Published: August 2011

This paper presents results on mechanical behavior of multilayer piezoelectric stack actuators for use in active member under combined electro-mechanical Loadings. The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of piezoelectric materials and to determine the properties necessary for design of such actuator systems. Two types of experiments are performed: influences of the preload on characteristics of the stack and dynamic test. The measurements indicate strong dependence of the actuator piezoelectric properties on the electro-mechanical loading conditions. The displacement output is initially enhanced with an increase of the mechanical preload, and the maximum value is obtained at the preload of about 0.4 KN. But much higher preload will cause the decrease of the displacement output. Within low frequency band of about 400 Hz, the displacement magnitude of the stack is nearly constant, and the phase lag increases with the increase of the driving frequency at the applied sine sweep voltage with the amplitude of 150V.
Study on Transverse Cooling Uniformity in Controlled Cooling Process of Copper Plate
Authors: Zhu Dong Mei , Liu Guo Yong , Zhang Shao Jun , Zhu Qi Shen , Yang Jie
Published: August 2011

For new copper online cooling equipment, the heat transfer coefficients of impinging jet and flow cooling on the surface of copper plate are obtained through the finite element method. The results provide boundary conditions for temperature field computation. Three-dimensional temperature field compute model is built. Different nozzle horizontal distributions are designed. After calculation, the nozzle arrangement of cooling uniformity is obtained. The jet distribution density curve is used to get the transverse cooling intensity curve. The study provides theoretical basis for obtaining straight plate.
Performance Analysis and Parametric Optimum Criteria of a Micro Nano Scaled Otto Engine Cycle
Authors: Wang Hao , Wu Guo Xing , Zhong Ji Kang
Published: August 2011

The wave character of atoms can produce Casimir-like size effects in gases confined in a narrow box. A general micro/nano scaled model of the Otto engine cycle working with an ideal gas is used to discuss the Casimir-like size effects. Based on the model, expressions of the work output and efficiency are derived analytically. By means of numerical calculation and illustration, the influence of the surface areaon the performance of the cycle are discussed and evaluated in detail. Furthermore, some optimal operating regions including those for the work output, efficiency and the optimal region of the volume ratio and the surface area ratio are determined and evaluated. The results attained here are useful for designing of a micro/nano scaled heat exchange device.
Development of CAD Systems for Screw Blades
Authors: Zhi Ai Di , Jiang Sheng Li
Published: August 2011

Screw conveyors deliver materials in desired quantities in a steady and continuous manner, and are widely used in factories and mining. The design of large multi-blade screw conveyor involves complex calculations and large repeated workload, and is poor in accuracy and efficiency. With modular design as the guideline, using object-oriented programming language VB6.0 as the developing tool, and based on the platform of AutoCAD, this article discusses the development of a user-friendly CAD system that allows arbitrary division of the outer vortex. Practice has proven that this simple and pragmatic system largely improves the design efficiency and precision.
Process Quality Controlling and Testing Technology of High-Density Polyethylene Silicore Plastic Duct
Authors: Gong Bai Yan , Lu Yu Hong , He Jing Yi
Published: August 2011

For the wide applications and quality problem of silicore plastic duct, by means of analysis of product quality, such as thin wall, small inner diameter, thin silicon core, and considering the requirement of production technology, weighing method and standard interval method is proposed to supervise and inspect procuct quality during production. The purpose of controlling product quality can be achieved, and then project quality and life will be ensured.
Calculation Analysis for Automobile Power Performance and Fuel Economy
Authors: Chen Wen
Published: August 2011

The power performance and the fuel economy are both the important indexes of the automobile. To designing a certain vehicle, when the total weight, distribution of the load and the tyres are specified, in traditional ways, it needs to do a lot of the dynamic calculation work and numerous experiments to get the parameters of proper engine and power train. This paper, Based on mathematical model, the simulation for automobile power performance and economy is designed. The calculation on actual vehicle is taken with this software and calculated values are in good agreement with the practical data. The analysis of influence of some chief factors on automobile power performance and fuel economy is carried out, which can provide the reference guide for automobile design.
The Design of Elevator Hang System Based on SQP Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Tang Dian Bo
Published: August 2011

The elevator hang system is multi-freedom vibration system. It is very difficult to find the proper parameters of every link of system and the workload is huge. This paper build the physics vibration model of system with optimum method and define the constraint conditions. Solve the system matrix with SQP. The result of experiment illustrated that it is very efficient with this method.
Synthesis of ABC Star-Shaped Copolymers via a Combination of Controlled Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Wang Xiao Bing , Fu Peng , Liu Min Ying , Zhang Jian Wei , Zhao Qing Xiang
Published: August 2011

Two kinds of ABC-type miktoarm star copolymers, poly(α-methylstyrene)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ethoxyethyl glycidylether) (PMS-PEO-PEEGE) and poly(α-methylstyrene)-poly(ethylene oxide)-polyglycidol (PMS-PEO-PG), were synthesized via a combination of anionic polymerization with ring-opening polymerization. Firstly, The poly(α-methyl styryl lithium) (PMS－Li+) was capped by EEGE to form the functionalized poly(α-methylstyrene) with both an active ω-hydroxyl group and an ω’-ethoxyethyl-protected hydroxyl group. Secondly, the PMS-b-PEO block copolymers, star(PMS-PEO-PEEGE) and star(PMS-PEO-PG) copolymers were obtained by the ring-opening polymerization of EO and EEGE via the variation of the functional end group, respectively. Finally, the ethoxyethyl group on the PEEGE arm was hydrolyzed. The obtained miktoarm star copolymers and intermediates were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Significant Suppression of Photoluminescence in Eu3+ Doped LaPO4 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yang Zheng Wen , Zhou Ji , Qiu Jian Bei , Song Zhi Guo , Zhou Da Cheng , Yin Zhao Yi
Published: August 2011

Inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4 (LaPO4: Eu）were prepared by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol-gel method. In the preparation process, Eu3+ doped LaPO4 precursors were filled into the interstices of the opal template assembled by monodispersive polystyrene microspheres. The polystyrene template was then removed by calcination at 650 °C for 5h, meanwhile, Eu3+doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was formed. The photoluminescence (PL) from Eu3+ doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was studied. The effect of the photonic stop-band on the spontaneous emission of Eu3+ has been observed in the inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4. Significant suppression of the emission was detected if the photonic band-gap overlaps with the Eu3+ ions emission band.
The Simulation and Experimental Research on Gas Cooler of the CO2 Trans-Critical Cycle
Authors: Wang Kai Yang , Ma Yi Tai , Yuan Qiu Xia
Published: August 2011

According to the character of the trans-critical CO2cycle, this paper develops the theoretical model of the gas cooler using the distributed-parameter method. At last, it optimizes the gas cooler. The comparison between the simulation and the experiments indicates: under different inlet temperature of cooling water, high pressure and mass flux of the refrigerant, the maximum deviation between the simulation and the experimental results is 5.6%, 10.1% and 19.7%,respectively. The optimal results indicates: when the refrigerant inlet is 8MPa and 93°C，and the cooling water inlet is 15°C，it is propitious to the inner heat exchange of the gas cooler using the four pipes of φ6mm×1mm, and the total heat exchange area of 1.1 m2.
Effect of Concentration on Structure and Properties of Concentrated Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solution
Authors: Xie Fang , Liang Hao
Published: August 2011

The thermal properties and rheological behavior of concentrated regenerated silk fibroin aqueous solution from 15% to 37% was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometer. Also the conformation of solutions was characterized by Raman spectra. It was discovered that the major endothermic peak in the DSC curves shifted toward the lower temperature region with increasing the concentration. This behavior suggests increasing the concentration can accelerate conformational transition of silk fibroin from random coil and α-helix to β-sheet structure. In addition, it was found that the viscosity of solution increased with increasing concentration in favor of spinning.
Low-Temperature Ni Acetate Induced Crystallization of a-Si Thin Film by Microwave Annealing
Authors: Sun Jie , Shi Wei Ming , Zhou Ping Sheng , Wang Lin Jun , Wei Guang Pu
Published: August 2011

This paper investigates a combination of Ni acetate solution induced crystallization and microwave induced crystallization of a-Si thin film. Ni acetate solution was coated over amorphous Si thin film for evenly spread of Ni metal source. The Ni inducing source was formed from Ni acetate powder dissolved in de-ionized water or ethanol. The crystallization using Ni acetate solution was a Ni-silicide mediated process, the same process used with Ni metal layer. Compared to Ni metal layer induced crystallization by conventional furnace annealing, it finds that the crystallization temperature was lowered to 450 °C and the time of crystallization was reduced. Using Ni acetate solution induced crystallization is propitious to big area crystallization. After the processing, the poly-Si grain size was found about 0.1-0.5μm. The crystallization of a-Si thin films was enhanced by applying microwaves and Ni acetate solution to the thin films. The technique that combines Ni solution induced crystallization with microwave annealing has potential applications in thin-film transistors (TFT’s) and solar cell.
Microstructure and Nanoindentation Hardness of Sputter Deposited Nanocrystalline Tantalum Thin Films
Authors: Sun Hao Liang , Wei Ming
Published: August 2011

Tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited onto Si (100) substrates using direct-current magnetron sputtering. The structure and mechanical properties of Ta films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and nanoindenter. The results indicated a transition from regular to irregular Hall-Petch relationship with decreasing grain size. Besides, a peak indentation hardness value of 12.8 GPa, much higher than that of bulk coarse-grained Ta, was obtained at the grain size of 36.3 nm.
Influence of Early Age Wet Curing Time, Clinker and CaO Content on the Carbonation Resistance of C40 Ordinary Concrete
Authors: Ye Qing
Published: August 2011

Based on accelerated carbonation test, the variation of the carbonation resistance of ordinary concrete (C40 grade) with early age wet curing time, clinker and CaO content was studied. Results indicate that the carbonation coefficient and the accelerated carbonation depth of the concrete increased obviously with a reduction in the wet curing time at early ages, the clinker or CaO content in binder and the compressive strength at 28 d age. For example, in conditions of curing schedules with 28, 7, 3, 2 and 1 d wet curing at 20 °C with above 95% RH at early ages and then 0, 21, 25, 26 and 27 d air curing at 20 °C with 60% RH, respectively, carbonation coefficients of the concrete incorporated with 15% fly-ash and 25% slag were 1.83, 2.71, 3.61, 4.67 and 5.50 mm/a0.5 respectively, and thus it can be seen that the calculated times when concrete cover (25 mm) was completely carbonated naturally in now atmosphere (0.04% CO2) were 191, 104, 52, 31 and 20 years respectively. It is possible to predict the potential carbonation coefficient of the concrete from its clinker or CaO content in binder and from its compressive strength at 28 d age in conditions of the certain wet curing time at early ages.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-RE-B Alloys
Authors: Bu Le Ping , Shen Qing Tai , Wu Pei
Published: August 2011

The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Mg-RE-B alloy with minuteness particle structure (MPS) were prepared by ingot metallurgy including as-cast and hot-extruded processing, and the microstructure and mechanical property of Mg-6RE-3B2O3 (wt%) alloys were investigated before and after hot-extruded. The Mg-RE-B alloy has satisfied grain size and particle structure, went with excellent mechanical property of tensile yield strength of 520 MPa and elongation of 5% at room temperature. The MPS Mg-RE-B alloy is a promising candidate among lightweight structural materials
Prediction of Temperature Distribution in High-Speed End Mill Assisted by Heat Pipe Cooling
Authors: Ju Hua Wei , Tang Wei Xiao , Song Qing Hua , Zhou Hong Liang
Published: August 2011

The cutting temperature is a key factor which directly affects thermal distortion, the machined part’s dimensional accuracy, as well as the tool wear in machining process. Aiming to effectively remove the cutting heat yields in machining process, the cutting tool with heat pipe cooling has been developed in recent years. This research focuses on developing a clear understanding of the temperature distribution in end mill embedded with heat pipe. Mathematical model is developed based on the heat transfer theory and the metal-cutting theory. 3-D finite element models are set up. The thermal boundary conditions are properly set, and contrasts of the temperature field in end mill with and without embedded heat pipes by numerical simulations are given.
Catalytic Combustion of Toluene on Cu-Mn Complex Oxides Prepared by Urea-Based Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Jun , Cheng Gao , Shen Li Si , Wang Yun Jia , Yu Lin , Li Yong Feng
Published: August 2011

Catalytic combustion of toluene on Cu-Mn complex oxides was investigated. The catalysts were prepared by urea-based hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and SEM. It was found that both the decrease of the Cu/Mn molar ratio and the increase of reaction time contributed to improving catalytic activity for toluene combustion. The temperature for 99% conversion of toluene (T99) was lowered to 210°C. The main crystalline phases of Cu-Mn complex oxides were CuO and Cu0.45Mn0.55O2. It was showed that the existence and high dispersion of Cu-Mn complex oxides were related to the catalytic combustion activity.
Dispersion Investigation on Cobalt Blue in Organic Solvent
Authors: Li Shu Kun , Li Lu Hai , Leng Xian , Li Wen Bo , Hu Xu Wei , Li Wei Wei
Published: August 2011

The performance of the dispersion of cobalt blue in organic solvent is studied. The influence of dispersant (type & dosage), pH value, and other dispersion parameters on the stability of cobalt blue dispersion system is tested which shows good stability and excellent dispersion performance with diethylamide glycol ether the solvent, complex formulation (M (KH550): M (KH560): M (A-842) = 1:1:2) the dispersant and 7 the pH value. The characteristics of dispersion system are evaluated through sedimentation experiment and measurement of article size distribution. The most steady dispersion system is formed through high speed shearing force and the size of cobalt blue in this system is about 300nm.
The Changes of Hysteresis for Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 Ceramics at Different Impressing Rate of Voltage
Authors: Kang Ai Guo , Wang Xiao Hui
Published: August 2011

For nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics, the ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loop was measured with different impressing rate of field. The results are interesting for different grain size samples. Based on the combination of the theory of Avrami mode and the reorientation of polarization vector, the experimental results are analyzed. It is shown that the reorientation of polarization vector is the chief mechanism of hysteresis for large grain and the formation of new domain is important for samples of small grain size.
Effect of Coupling Agent on Bonding Properties of Wood/Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Wang Hui , Lv Xin Ying , Di Ming Wei
Published: August 2011

The surface of wood/polyethylene (PE) composites were treated by mechanical polishing treatment and coating treatment, and the structure of surface for wood/PE composites before and after treatment was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in this paper. Combined with bonding strength test, the effect of coupling agent KH-560 (2,3-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilicane) on bonding properties of wood/PE composites was also investigated. The results showed that, the -OH, -C-O- and C=O functional groups were appeared on the treated surface and the surface roughness increased after mechanical polishing treatment and coating treatment, which increased the shear bonding strength for the treated sample significantly. And the coupling agent KH-560 can increase the bonding strength for the composite more significantly due to the co-reaction of epoxy groups which introduced by coupling agent with epoxy resin adhesives.
Preparation of Semisolid A356 Al Alloy Slurry by Low Superheat Pouring and Weak Traveling-Wave Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Tang Guo Xing , Mao Wei Min , Liu Yong Feng
Published: August 2011

The semisolid slurry of A356 Al alloy was preparation by low superheat pouring and weak traveling-wave electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouring temperature and stirring power on the semisolid slurry were researched. The results show that the shape of primary α-Al experiences a transition from rosette-like grains to spherical grains with the pouring temperature lowing gradually, and the smaller grains with a spherical appearance distribute in the microstructure homogeneously. The appropriately raising the electromagnetic stirring power is good for the formation of the semisolid A356 Al alloy slurry with spherical microstructure. On the condition of weak traveling-wave electromagnetic stirring, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be suitably raised to reach the effectiveness obtained from the lower pouring temperature without stirring. Therefore the pouring operation is simple and convenient.
Oxidation Resistance of Co-10Cr-5Si Alloys in 1 Atm of Pure O2 at 700 and 800 OC
Authors: Zhang Hong Hua , Xiang Jun Huai , Yang Gan Lan , Wang Wei
Published: August 2011

The kinetics and products of oxidation of ternary Co-10Cr-5Si alloys in 1 atm of pure O2 at 700 and 800°C were investigated. The scales were composed of an outer CoO layer and an inner complex layer consisted of cobaltous oxide, Cr2O3 and SiO2. Internal oxidation zones were found beneath the nodules formed at 800 °C. However, there was no internal oxidation zone present beneath the scales formed at 700°C.
Synthesis of NiO@C Composites with Microwave Absorption Property
Authors: Zhang Yuan Guang , Zhao Ying Guo , Yao Qi Zhi
Published: August 2011

Carbon-encapsulated NiO (NiO@C) sphere-like composites were synthesized at 170 °C for 12h by a one-pot hydrothermal approach. Ni(Ac)2•4H2O, sucrose, and PEG-400, were selected as a precursor materials. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy image show the products of NiO@C sphere-like composites by the present process. Microwave-absorbing measurement shows the NiO@C composites exhibit good microwave absorbing property. The reflection loss (RL) values of the products are lower than −10 dB in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz with value as low as −40 dB at 2 GHz.
Electrochemical Preparation of Ce-Mg-Ni Alloy Film in Acetamide-Urea-NaBr Melting System
Authors: Guo Cheng Yu , Wang Jian Chao , Chen Bi Qing , Wang Shu Hai , Yun Mei Feng
Published: August 2011

Ni(Ⅱ) was reduced to Ni atom irreversibly by a one-step reaction in acetamide-urea-NaBr melt at 353K. The electron-transfer coefficient, and the diffusion coefficient, D0 were determined to be 0.21 and 1.15×10-8 cm2.s-1 on Pt electrode. Although the Ce（Ⅲ）and the Mg（Ⅱ）cannot be reduced to Ce and Mg alone, they can be inductively codeposited with Ni（Ⅱ）to obtain an amorphous Ce-Mg-Ni alloy film by potentiostatic electrolysis. The content of Ce in the alloy increase with the increasing of the molar ratio of Ce（Ⅲ）/Ni（Ⅱ） and reaches to the maximum of 49.70 wt%. The content of Mg in the alloy increase with the increasing of the cathode potential and the maximum was 4.558wt%.
Study on Relationship of Abnormal Heat Treatment, Microstructure and Properties of P91 Steel
Authors: Xu Xue Xia , Ouyang Jie , Niu Xiao Guang , Feng Yan Ting , Li Wen Peng
Published: August 2011

Improper heat treatment may result in unsatisfactory microstructure and mechanical properties for P91 steel. In this work, the effect of abnormal heat treatment on microstructure and properties of P91 steel were studied. Results showed that with the normalization temperature increased from 860°C to 1000°C, the microstructures of P91 steel are ferrite, mixture of ferrite and martensite, and tempered martensite correspondingly. Cooling rate after austenization has important influence on microstructure and properties. The tempered microstructure has a gradual transition from coarse inhomogeneous ferrite to finer martensite when the cooling rate increased from 1 to 3°C/min. The reduced temperature normalization has no significant effect on hardness even as low as 860°C under aircooling condition, whereas the hareness is inadequate when the cooling rate is too slow. Incomplete austenization and transformation in dual phase zone may account for the phenomenon.
Mechanism of Work Hardening of Mn13 after Conventional Cold Rolling
Authors: Qiu Chang Ming , Wang Yan Feng , Zhang Gui Jie
Published: August 2011

It is convenience to make plastic deformation by taking conventional cold rolling. By taking this technique on austenitic high manganese steel (Mn13) specimens, the hardness of Mn13 specimens increases. The mechanism of work hardening after conventional cold rolling is analyzed by studying the microstructure and electron diffraction pattern in depth. The research will make great significance to theory and practice.
Research on Temperature Changes and Microstructure Evolution of Steel Target after the Penetration by Copper Jet
Authors: Chen Hao , Tao Gang
Published: August 2011

In order to study dynamic response of metal, this paper makes use of theoretical formula to investigate changes of temperature and grain size on steel target after the penetration of copper jet based on data gathered from the experiments. Deformed target penetrated by copper jet could be divided into superplastic deformation zone and normal deformation zone according to the different microstructure. Temperature distribution of each deformation zones is in turn calculated by two constitutive equations. The results indicate that areas with high temperature concentrate on the narrow zone near the penetrated channel. Then, the calculation of grain size conforms to the observation. It is obviously proven that the method used in this paper is trustworthy for calculating the changes of temperature and grain size of target caused by penetration.
Kalman Filtering for Seam Tracking in Master-Slave Robot Remote Welding System
Authors: Chen Hong Tang , Li Hai Chao , Gao Hong Ming , Wu Lin
Published: August 2011

Welding seam tracking precision is a key factor influencing welding quality for master-slave robot remote welding system. However, it does not satisfy the welding requirement due to significant noises. To eliminate the influence of noises upon the seam tracking precision and improve the seam tracking precision, a master-slave robot remote welding system was built and Kalman filtering (KF) was applied to the seam tracking process. The experimental results show that the KF eliminated the influence of noises upon the seam tracking precision and improved the seam tracking precision.
An Adaptive Memetic Algorithm for Packing Problems of Irregular Shapes
Authors: Zhou Yu Yu , Rao Yun Qing , Zhang Guo Jun , Zhang Chao Yong
Published: August 2011

Packing problem, which occurs frequently in sheet metal, clothing and furniture industry, cut product patterns from raw materials most efficiently and maximize material utilization. In this paper, an adaptive memetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of irregular shapes packed on the rectangular sheets. First, operators and parameters of evolution is researched, and second, local search method is proposed. Finally, this study compares benchmarks presented by other authors. The results show that the material utilization efficiency by using the adaptive memetic algorithm is higher compared to other methods.
Study on Tensile Magnetic Memory Characteristics of Demagnetization 16Mn and Q235 Steel
Authors: Yu Feng Yun
Published: August 2011

Tensile tests were carried out on demagnetization 16Mn and Q235 steel samples at loading state, and the magnetic memory characteristics were analyzed. Experimental results show the mean magnetic field intensity (MMFI) of a measuring point is more effective than that of other measuring points at the same stage to study tensile magnetic memory characteristics of demagnetization 16Mn and Q235 steel samples. At the elastic deformation stage, the MMFI of the measuring points at one fracture side increases while it decreases on the other fracture side. The MMFI decreases with the distance from the fracture location, and the change rate of the MMFI is almost equal. The variation law shows changes of opposite direction. At the strengthening phase, the relation between MMFI and tensile displacement is similar with that of the plastic deformation stage, but the variation amplitude was accelerated obviously. Comparison of 16Mn and Q235 steel shows that the standard deviation variation of the magnetic field intensity with the tensile displacement increases as the tensile strength of materials increases. For the demagnetization bearing components, weak areas can be estimated according to breaking laws, so more monitoring points can be set. Pre-breaks could be found through the appearance of inflection point of the MMFI of monitoring point. The inflection point of the mean curve is the breakpoint.
Experimental Research on Compound and Efficient Powerful Milling Process of Blisk
Authors: Zhao Peng Bing , Shi Yao Yao
Published: August 2011

According to the problems of low efficiency and high cost in blisk manufacturing, based on large margin slotting and rough machining, a kind of compound and efficient powerful milling process was proposed, that is, disc milling-plunge milling-flank milling. In order to compare the effect of this new process and the traditional plunge milling or flank milling, experiment on disc milling and plunge milling processing performance was carried out. Compared with plunge milling, the cutting force and tool vibration of disc milling are larger, but its processing efficiency was improved significantly. The experiment proved that the compound and efficient powerful milling process is feasible and effective for the large margin slotting and rough machining of blisk.