bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonizing Innovation:
Authors: CHATURVEDI Abhinav , REHN Alf
Published: January 2020

Innovation is one of the most popular concepts and desired phenomena of contemporary Western capitalism. As such, there is a perennial drive to capture said phenomena, and particularly to find new ways to incite and drive the same. In this text, we analyze one specific tactic through which this is done, namely by the culturally colonial appropriation of indigenous knowledge systems. By looking to how jugaad, a system   of   frugal   innovation   in   India,   has been   made   into   fodder   for   Western management literature, we argue for the need of a more developed innovation critique, e.g., by looking to postcolonial theory.
Developing and applying performance metrics to evaluate co-design activities in design-led innovation
Authors: O'HARE Jamie , DEKONINCK Elies , GIUNTA Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

Abstract – An increasing number of companies are experimenting with ‘designerly ways of innovating’ to improve the agility, speed and hit rate of their innovation activities. Co-design activities are emerging as part of a design-led innovation approach.  Whilst there is extensive academic literature on design process performance metrics, they have rarely been applied by organisations that are testing co-design activities, possibly due to the time and effort that is required to apply them. This paper begins to address this challenge by developing a tailored suite of design process performance metrics. Some basic guidelines from the academic literature and the results of a practitioner survey inform the selection of metrics. We go on to apply the metrics to real-world projects within companies that are trialling technology-supported co-creation sessions. The metrics and the insights into their development and application are likely to prove useful to other design researchers and practitioners that wish to evaluate the benefits of adopting co-design activities as part of a design-led innovation approach.
The Role of Horizon Scanning in Innovation and Design Practice
Authors: DEKONINCK Elies , MEYTHALER Isabel
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to investigate how horizon scanning (HS) is used by practitioners to create foresight for design and innovation and which methods, tools and approaches innovation practitioners use for spotting and acting upon changes in the business environment as well as in the consumer and technological landscape. Thus, this study contributes to the field of horizon scanning and innovation management by presenting the results from 16 in-depths expert interviews with innovation practitioners. Specifically, the aim of this research was to: discuss the role and importance of horizon scanning for innovation and design; identify dominant methods and approaches used within horizon scanning; and compare the methods typically used by different types of innovation practitioners. This study discovered that HS in conjunction with creative and lateral thinking, technology scouting as well as human-centred thinking not only facilitates the early detection of emerging trends and technologies but also facilitates turning insights into actionable ideas, increasing the likelihood of more successful product development, meaningful innovations and sustainable competitiveness.
Forming Opportunities through Design Thinking
Authors: POTOCNJAK-OXMAN Camilo , KRIZ Anton , NAILER Christopher
Published: January 2020

An interesting development in the entrepreneurial economy is the rise in both number and diversity of roles played by designers. Be it as consultants, contractors, educators, founders or funding decision-makers, design skills seem to be increasingly attractive to entrepreneurial teams, accelerator programs and venture capital. This exploratory study asks whether the practices, cognitive processes and mindsets prevalent in a formal design education help in the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Using a visual narrative approach, it compares the processes through which entrepreneurial opportunities were formed by 14 Chilean founders from design and non-design backgrounds, with the purpose of identifying how design thinking contributes to, hinders, or fails to support those processes. Findings suggest that collaborative work styles, thinking by doing and reflective reframing have the greatest positive impacts on opportunity formation, regardless of the disciplinary background of founders. Design thinking does not seem to provide a clear understanding of value creation and resource leveraging. The study finds parallels between design thinking and opportunity formation that can be drawn upon to improve development of entrepreneurial competencies among designers.
Do Beautiful Stores improve Product Evaluation?
Authors: MÜNSTER Mia B. , KRISTENSEN Tore , GABRIELSEN Gorm
Published: January 2020

Retail designers often emphasize the importance of creating stores that consumers will find attractive. This paper challenges that commonly held view, presenting empirical results from a field experiment showing that a positive rating of a store interior does not affect the product rating to the degree expected. This paper proposes a method for measuring spillover effects, which ordinarily take place without conscious attention. The method was applied in an experiment where 50 shoppers were asked to rate six fashion products in three differently designed stores. Respondents were asked to rate stores and products from within the stores. Any discrepancy between the in-store ratings can be interpreted as the influence of the store design. Results indicate measurable spillover effects from store design to product preference. Surprisingly, however, only one of the three stores showed a significant correlation between the respondents’ highest product rating and store preference.
The Organizational Impacts of Design Thinking used as a Toolbox for Managers or as a Theory of Design
Authors: BERGER Estellea , MERINDOL Valérie
Published: January 2020

The adoption of Management Innovation in organizations is difficult to investigate. Controversies exist on the nature of Design thinking (DT), which can be used as a toolbox for managers, or as a theory of design practice. Based on a multi-case study, this article investigates the impacts brought by DT in organizations, in terms of new practices and roles played by designers. Referring to various definitions of DT and its relation to Design, this article proposes a framework articulating the objectives of DT as Management Innovation and its adoption. The results show two intertwined factors: the fit between the cultural, technical and political dimensions of the organization, and the profile of the change agent, designer or not.
Aesthetic Considerations in the Ortho-Prosthetic Design Process
Authors: LUXIMON Yan , SHAH Parth , IFTIKHAR Hassan
Published: January 2020

Medical products, including prosthetics and orthotics, are designed to partially or completely assist or replace the functionality of specific body parts affected by ailments or medical deformities. People using such devices share similar sensibilities and concerns, such as looking attractive or being able to wear fashionable clothing. However, due to a greater emphasis on function over fashion in designing these medical products, the aesthetic values of the user are not fully considered. This aesthetic paucity may have a strong psychological and cognitive impact, which affects the user experience. Hence, this study aims to explore key parameters affecting the aesthetics of medical products such as prosthetics and orthotics, and identify the challenges involved in their design process. Recommendations have also been suggested for the designers with the help of a design example.
How to create value in a public sector context?
Authors: VOORBERG William , VAN BUUREN Arwin , BRINKMAN Geert
Published: January 2020

In the public domain, design thinking is increasingly expected to create value by including service users in the fundamental aspects of these services. However, in order to create value, the design approach needs to be ‘translated’ into an applicable framework, appropriate for the public domain. Therefore, we first explore what kind of value is supposed to be generated within the public domain. Subsequently, by focusing on well-known contributions from the design literature, we review what can be learned from design approaches for value creation with users. Then, we examine what kind of specific characteristics of the public domain needs to be taken into consideration, when one aims to apply a design-oriented approach in the public domain. Ultimately, we conclude how the design approach, can be made applicable within the public domain. In doing so, this paper aims to formulate stepping stones for both academics and policy makers alike.
Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo)
Authors: FIORE Eleonora , SANSONE Giuliano , REMONDINO Chiara Lorenza , TAMBORRINI Paolo Marco
Published: January 2020

Interest in offering Entrepreneurship Education (EE) to all kinds of university students is increasing. Therefore, universities are increasing the number of entrepreneurship courses intended for students from different fields of study and with different education levels. Through a single case study of the Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo), we suggest how EE may be taught to all kinds of university students. We have combined design methods with EE to create a practical-oriented entrepreneurship course which allows students to work in transdisciplinary teams through a learning-by-doing approach on real-life projects. Professors from different departments have been included to create a multidisciplinary environment. We have drawn on programme assessment data, including pre- and post-surveys. Overall, we have found a positive effect of the programme on the students’ entrepreneurial skills. However, when the data was broken down according to the students’ fields of study and education levels, mixed results emerged.
Decolonising Namibian Arts and Design through Improvisation
Authors: SARANTOU Melanie , BEAULÉ Caoimhe Isha , MIETTINEN Satu
Published: January 2020

The research investigates the role of service design and improvisation as decolonising practice. It is based on case study research with a focus group consisting of Namibian artists, designers, artisans and arts organisations who participated in artistic and cultural exchange activities of the Art South-South Trust (ASST), a start-up Namibian not for profit (NFP) organisation. The goal of ASST was to increase visibility of the focus group members, enable global exposure and create an arena for multi-vocality. The paper creates a practical framework for decolonising practices in Namibian arts and design by drawing on reflective practice to analyse the activities of ASST alongside interview data collected from Namibian and Australian partner organisations and participants in the program. Critical thinking is used to evaluate the impact of realised activities and processes both in situ in Namibia and in exchange in Australia. This paper explores practices that can enable decolonising processes in Namibian arts and design spheres
The Journey of Local Knowledge Toward Designing Neighbourhood Regeneration
Authors: WOO Eunji , KIM Chorong , NAM Ki-Young
Published: January 2020

This research explored design opportunities and new challenges with a paradigm shift toward participatory processes in neighbourhood regeneration. Further, it emphasized the significance of local businesses and their local knowledge to overcome the challenges faced by designers. Three types of local knowledge Handler was established based on the Literature Review: Possessor, Processor, and Implementer. Through content analysis on 30 practical cases, 18 types of Actors in the process of participatory neighbourhood regeneration were identified. Based on these findings, two ways of local businesses’ contributing to neighbourhood regeneration projects were proposed: as a knowledge reservoir, and as a neighbourhood guide. As future studies, the authors suggest 1) understanding the types and forms of local knowledge possessed by local businesses and how to motivate them to share their knowledge; and 2) devising new methods of participation for local businesses that can enhance designers’ capabilities in neighbourhood contexts.
Bringing futures scenarios to life with video animation
Authors: BUEHRING Joern , VITTACHI Nury , VITTACHI Nury
Published: January 2020

In social science, researchers are often confronted with large amounts of data generated through qualitative methods such as interviews, interpretive narration, and oral history. While selecting an appropriate form of communicating the findings at the end of a research project is every research’s obligation, the dissemination of key insights gained from academic research, and presenting these in other formats that effectively extend the research results and new knowledge gained to nonexpert audiences, is many times forgotten. The purpose of this research is to address this gap in the literature by answering the question of how to communicate futures scenarios to nonexpert audiences, corporate decision-makers, and their staff using video animation as a medium. The process presented in this paper is based on a use case in which academics and designers, at a design school, took the findings of a financial services futures study and applied storytelling and visualization techniques to bring futures scenarios to life with video animation.
Entrepreneurial Mindset
Authors: FAIN Nusa , ROD Michel , BOHEMIA Erik
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the influence of teaching approaches on entrepreneurial mindset of commerce, design and engineering students across 3 universities. The research presented in this paper is an initial study within a larger project looking into building ‘entrepreneurial mindsets’ of students, and how this might be influenced by their disciplinary studies. The longitudinal survey will measure the entrepreneurial mindset of students at the start of a course and at the end. Three different approaches to teaching the courses were employed – lecture and case based, blended online and class based and fully project-based course. The entrepreneurial mindset growth was surprisingly strongest within the engineering cohort, but was closely followed by the commerce students, whereas the design students were slightly more conservative in their assessments. Future study will focus on establishing what other influencing factors beyond the teaching approaches may relate to the observed change.
The Value of Design
Authors: WANG Yueyi , HANDS David
Published: January 2020

Emergent trends of co-branding strategies are increasingly being utilised in fashion marketing and retailing; as such, the role of design is becoming paramount in collaborative partnerships when devising co-branding strategies. In particular, designers are central to the process of collaborative partnerships when developing highly novel products more that are attractive to demanding consumers. This paper critically examines the role of co-branding strategies as a source of innovation in fashion marketing; and to understand how organisations draw upon co-branding to inform the development of new products, services and brands. Branding strategies, new product development, design, innovation, and fashion marketing are discussed and critically analysed
The adaptation of design thinking in auditing
Authors: MEIJER-WASSENAAR Linda , VAN EST Diny
Published: January 2020

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.
The semantics of design and why they Matter
Authors: KHAN Awais Hameed , MATTHEWS Ben
Published: January 2020

Understanding the value of design in industry is a contemporary issue both in academia and industry. Many studies have been conducted using historical data, macro-level indicators, questionnaire-based tools, and abstracted post-hoc accounts of the value of design. However, very little research attempts to uncover direct insights from real-world practical experiences of designers in industry and how they negotiate the design-value space. This study uncovers rich qualitative, pragmatic considerations of how the value of design is operationalized in situ by design practitioners in industry through a series of 6 in-depth interviews. Initial results indicate that different designers undertake a series of different context-dependent strategies: these range from changing the narrative of the contribution of design based on the KPIs of the audience, to taking a non-action stance allowing for consequences and pressure from external stakeholders to help drive design in practice, as well as performing “designer-ly” activities under a different alias
Empathic Design as a Framework for Creating Meaningful Experiences
Authors: TELLEZ F. Andres , GONZALEZ-TOBON Juanita
Published: January 2020

This paper introduces empathic design as a framework and a strategy that can be adopted by the emerging field of experience design (XD) to create meaningful experiences connected with people’s lives and needs. The paper presents the rationale behind the emergence of empathic design, the traits that characterize this approach to design, a collection of empathic design methods and practices, and a critical discussion of the limitations of empathy in design. Methodologically, this paper is based on a systematic literature review on empathic design, human-centred design, and empathy, which is synthesized and focused its application in experience design. Ultimately, this paper intends to contribute to the broader discussion of how traditional design practices are adapting and evolving to respond to new realities, and how new design paradigms are needed to address the very complex challenges that we face in the 21st century.
A Framework for Civic Conversations
Authors: ARNOLD Mages Michael
Published: January 2020

Systemic changes in people’s relation to democratic government and governance have been widely noted over the last 40 years. Concurrently, participation in civic life has declined. Drawing from approaches in service design, this article proposes a design-led structure for democratic engagement that serves two goals: the provisioning of people’s expertise on policy decisions for governmental use, and scaffolding of civic life. The paper details a structure that has been tested and refined in over 30 community meetings, and suggestions for effectively evaluating meeting outcomes.
A Framework to Accelerate Universal Design Literacy
Authors: PACIONE Christopher
Published: January 2020

Design has historically been a specialty, something practiced exclusively by engineers, architects and all manner of design professionals. This is changing. Just as arithmetic was once a peripheral skill until the industrial age brought about the need for math literacy, the socioeconomic conditions of our current age are heralding the need for millions of people to level up in design. The expanding role innovation and collaboration play in our daily work, combined with the ever-increasing complexity and rate of change of today’s products, services, and systems are making the case for design literacy. This paper: 1.) makes the case that design is poised to become the next universal literacy; 2.) argues that in order for such a literacy to arise, there must first exist a framework of agreed-upon skills that are taught and practiced by the masses; and 3.) proposes such a set of skills along with the research and reasoning that support this proposed framework.
Service Blueprint for Sustainable Business Model Evaluation
Authors: CHEUNG Sau Ching Cheryl , PRENDEVILLE Sharon , KUZMINA Ksenija
Published: January 2020

The adverse societal impacts caused by sharing mobility - a form of service-based sustainable business model innovations, showed that operation activities and managerial practices impact heavily on the sustainable value of a service offering. To identify how new service development (NSD) activities can better support the proposed service offering for sustainability, evaluating sustainability of service operations is needed. This study draws learnings from service design, product-service system and sustainable innovation research streams, to build sustainability evaluation framework into service blueprint. Six expert-interviews and two mobility case studies were developed, to illustrate service blueprint's capability in mapping sustainability input and benefits created during NSD and service operation activities. Results revealed a) the shift from using sustainable ‘value’ to ‘benefits’ concept in service operation evaluation, b) the public-private collaboration dilemma and c) the agile NSD and sustainable innovation incompatibility. This paper aims to offer a springboard for practitioners and researchers to uncover compelling insights, discuss latest service design developments, and envision future directions for integrating sustainability into service-based business model innovation
Through service design to improve the HRQOL (Health- Related Quality of Life) in the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly women with breast cancer in Shanghai
Authors: GAO Bo , SHEN Xiaolin
Published: January 2020

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. As China enters the aging society, elderly breast cancer presents the characteristics of high incidence, late detection and long treatment time. This is related to the imperfect services that elderly women receive in the treatment and rehabilitation. Eventually, the HRQOL (health-related quality of life) in their later years has declined. By using service design tools, the authors conducted field research and in-depth interviews in Shanghai hospitals and developed service strategy to improve the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly women with breast cancer. The paper presents three design contents: (1) smart healthcare service system; (2) improvement of service scenarios in the hospital; (3) a life-long service that links communities, families, and individuals to transform breast cancer into "chronic disease". In this paper, the authors also discuss the next step and prospects.
Envisioning a design approach towards increasing well-being at work
Authors: OONK Maite , CALABRETTA Giulia , DE LILLE Christine , HULTINK Erik Jan
Published: January 2020

Organizational attention to increasing employee well-being (EWB) is a relatively recent phenomenon, which can be linked to the penetration of information technology, its connection to organizational performance, and millennials facing a lack of optimism about the future. Recent research in the field of management has indicated that design principles like human centeredness and holistic thinking should be applied to create better employee experiences. However, how the positive impact of design on EWB can be achieved, is underspecified in literature. In this conceptual paper, we explore complementarities and potential synergies of design principles and practices with the conditions for EWB, leading to a principle-practice-ingredient (PPI) portfolio. This portfolio can help designers of employee experiences succeed in increasing EWB through the process they apply. For instance when applying envisioning and inspiring activities that address virtue and personal significance to develop workplace tools (such as an app for teamwork around a specific task).
Building Design Capabilities in Academic Libraries
Authors: GASPARINI Andrea Alessandro
Published: January 2020

While design-led innovation may have huge potential to change both tangible outcomes of design, such as products and services, and the intangible ones such as values, mindsets and organizational cultures, the approach has not been broadly investigated in the organizational settings, especially when it comes to building in-house design capabilities. The paper reflects on both practical and theoretical concerns around building of design capabilities in academic libraries. The making and sustaining design capabilities was supported by design interventions in the form of design workshops and other design activities, and repeated re-enforcements of constructivist and experiential organizational learning leading to integration of design proto practices with daily routines and established work practices. The findings are articulated as a set of guidelines toward building design capabilities in academic libraries through design thinking. At the conceptual level, the work highlights the importance of openness, dialogical spaces and temporal aspects of such processes.
Making the difference through design
Authors: SEDINI Carla
Published: January 2020

Contemporary societies have been strongly characterized by the emersion of hybrid economies, which in several cases, through making, pursue goals of urban regeneration and social engagement. Recently, the Municipality of Milan has started to be interested in several hybrid and collaborative experiences, focused on: 1) the creation of local markets; 2) the revitalization of peripheral areas; 3) the engagement and its inhabitants. This paper presents the first step of a collaborative study developed by the School of Design of Politecnico di Milano and the Institute of Design of IIT of Chicago within the Sister Cities policy program. The results of preliminary research activities, which wanted to investigate the relationship between design, manufacturing and social inclusion will be presented. The main focus will be on the actual and potential role of design within these hybrid activities with a particular attention to its capabilities to support the creation/acquisition of Social Capital both at individuals and territorial levels.
‘Democrazy’ designing for democracy in Eastern Europe
Authors: ZAJZON Noémi , CELIK Burçe
Published: January 2020

For design to attend to democratic endeavours it is not enough to rest on the claim that design is implicitly political, but to understand how democratisation — often in the name of political modernisation — has designed different social realities. Focusing on the ‘how to’ of infrastructuring for democracy has advanced a designerly politics-in-practice, and exploring political concepts in design experiments have made design more aware of the democratic conflict. Theoretical work-in-progress, this paper asks whether the concepts internalised within design literature are valid enough to think about infrastructuring for democracy in the context of Eastern Europe. We depart from the theoretical and practical difference between design for politics and political design to 1) understand how each of these concepts enable a democracy to come in Eastern Europe’s Romania, and 2) what are the entry points for design research to understand the democratic experience. We explore this through a participatory intervention in Bucharest.
Experiencing (from) the inside
Authors: BRÅTEN Ingvard
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a case study of preservice kindergarten teachers’ use of new form of digital imagery. The paper introduces spherical cameras and digital microscopes and discusses their affordances when introduced in practical use in in teacher education and in kindergartens. The use in kindergartens was introduced through a class of 34 teacher students in kindergarten education. The students were specializing in Arts and design at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. The use of images from spherical cameras and digital microscopes is discussed and analysed, based on data from student responses through two questionnaires, group presentations and discussions in class, and an analysis of various media material produced by students.
The influence of design thinking tools on NGO accountability
Authors: ANDRAWES Lediaa , GEMSER Gerda , MCMURRAY Adela
Published: January 2020

There is continued criticism regarding the over-reliance on donor-centred accountability mechanisms in aid projects. Conversely, there is increasing interest in Design Thinking as an approach to support greater beneficiary-centred accountability. Accountability can be conceptualised as ‘felt’ virtue which privileges internal motivations of decision-makers; and as ‘imposed’ mechanism which privileges externally enforced structures on decision-makers. However, there is limited understanding about whether Design Thinking tools can influence the accountability of decision-makers. This participatory action research study utilised semi-structured interviews and observations. The analysis revealed decision-makers perceived two tools, being Personas and Journey Maps, as having influenced their ‘felt’ accountability. Suggestions on how the tools may be contributing to the ‘felt’ accountability of decision-makers include: building a shared picture among diverse groups, humanising complex information, grounding discussions in realities, and deepening empathy. This study contributes to extant literature by showing that Design Thinking can enhance, decision-makers’ ‘felt’ accountability through new sense-making practices and tools.
Working Together
Authors: KVELLESTAD Randi Veiteberg , STANA Ingeborg , VATN Gunhild
Published: January 2020

Teamwork involves different types of interactions—specifically cooperation andcollaboration—that are necessary in education and many other professions. The differencesbetween cooperation and collaboration underline the teacher’s role in influencing groupdynamics, which represent both a foundation for professional design education and aprequalification for students’ competences as teachers and for critical evaluation. As a testcase, we focused on the Working Together action-research project in design education forspecialised teacher training in design, arts, and crafts at the Oslo Metropolitan University,which included three student groups in the material areas of drawing, ceramics, and textiles.The project developed the participants’ patience, manual skills, creativity, and abilities,which are important personal qualities for design education and innovation and representcornerstones in almost every design literacy and business environment. The hope is thatstudents will transform these competences to teaching pupils of all ages in their futurecareers.
Evolution of Design Thinking Capabilities
Authors: MAGISTRETTI Stefano , DELL’ERA Claudio , VERGANTI Roberto
Published: January 2020

Design and especially design thinking are becoming a strategic source of competitive advantage. From its business theorization in early 2000s the adoption and awareness in both academics and practitioners’ world is unmeasurable. Todays the attention of academics is no more only on the process and its phases, inspiration, ideation and implementation but more and more attentions are positioned on the team dynamics and the more hidden aspects of such methodology. As a matter of fact, literature shows that design thinking is not unique but it can be framed in at least four different kinds creative problem solving, sprint execution, creative confidence and innovation of meaning. The investigation aims at discovering which are the different capabilities characterizing the different kinds of design thinking. Through a survey on the Italian market of service providers of design thinking services the paper shows the different skills, competences and attitudes that are more relevant for each of the four kinds of design thinking. This is valuable for both practitioner and academics because it enriches the knowledge on the team composition in terms of capabilities, a still blurred element of the design thinking literature.
Applying design thinking in a hierarchical organisation
Authors: CLOSE-DEBAIS Sonya J. , MATTHEWS Judy H.
Published: January 2020

Many large financial services organisations are seeking to develop their employees’ design capability to develop innovative customer solutions. Yet, there appears limited understanding on how individual employees (without a background in design) view the relationship of design thinking to innovation. This study investigates how employees perceive design thinking and its potential link to drive innovative practices within a large Australian multinational financial services organisation. An exploratory qualitative approach used face-to face semi-structured interviews with diverse participants from across the organisation. A modified existing design capability framework was used to map each individual’s perspectives and illustrate the organisation’s current DT and innovation capacity. Findings from this study contribute new insights regarding employee perceptions and design capability requirements
Aarup 1960 and the poetics of materials
Authors: GJERNES Liv Mildrid
Published: January 2020

All design has its own conditional modes of expression; however, these are realised through the maker’s sense of the possibilities of materiality. This essay was inspired by a reclaimed piece of 1960s furniture designed in the modernist idiom, and is based upon autobiographical experiences, original works from own and contemporary aesthetic practices, and associated thoughts in the present. A completely new artistic expression was developed, which questioned the strict, use-defined style ideals and let shape reveal other values and statements than function. The intention of this essay is to put into words some of the cognitive processes in which creativity, critical reflection and the senses’ experience-based insights may bring up something new. In creative work, the goal is not to reach a single result; every little discovery made by examining something specific could open up new worlds.
The Role of Design in Policy Making
Authors: HOLIERHOEK Sophie Elisa , PRICE Rebecca Anne
Published: January 2020

The design discipline is of increasing appeal to a public sector confronted with ill-defined problems consistent with the socially-embedded. This paper explores the role of design in policy making projects, by means of two case empirical case studies. We establish and apply a wicked problems perspective to analyse data from; (1) MindLab and (2) Helsinki Design Lab. Findings reveal that design is specifically useful in the mitigation of wicked policy problems when harnessed by a strategically composed multidisciplinary team including designers. The characteristics of design that are identified as essential are an interactive approach to problems, a holistic perspective, and a user-centred way of working. This paper contributes empirical evidence toward the role of design in policy making, drawing the two domains together via wicked problems theory.
Social innovation for modified consumption by means of the school subject Art and craft
Authors: NEUBERG Anita
Published: January 2020

In this paper I will take a look at how one can facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation, based on the subject of art and design in Norwegian general education. This paper will give a presentation of books, featured relevant articles and formal documents put into context to identify different causal mechanisms around our consumption. The discussion will be anchored around the resources and condition that must be provided to achieve and identify opportunities for action under the subject of Art and craft, a subject in Norwegian general education with designing at the core of the subject, ages 6–16. The question that this paper points toward is:

"How can we, based on the subject of Art and craft in primary schools, facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation?”
Adaptive digital capability development
Authors: PETERSON J Fiona , LOCKHART Cathy , RAFFAELE Catherine
Published: January 2020

In a cross-university project, a mixed methods approach was adopted to design a learning model for digital work practices in line with evolving industry needs. Drawing upon industry input (n=50), developmental learning and technology affordance theory, a model was trialled with Design, Journalism and Engineering students (n=78). Workshops were held at five universities with educators (n=66) and this paper discusses their perspectives on the model. Their responses indicated a predominantly functional digital capability focus in their current learning and teaching practice; rather than integrating functional, perceptual and adaptive digital capabilities, which are in high demand but short supply in industry. The educators highlighted a need for their own professional learning and we offer practical suggestions for moving beyond a functional digital focus. We argue it is vital for students and educators to learn and use the vocabulary of technology affordances, to strengthen professional learning for digital work futures.
Motivating Growth in Low-tech Manufacturing Industries
Authors: HERTZ Naomi
Published: January 2020

Intensive manual labor enterprises in the developed world face challenges competing with products imported from countries where manufacturing costs are low. This reduces the volume of domestic production and leads to rapid loss of knowledge and experience in production processes. This study focuses on the Israeli footwear industry as a case study. Qualitative methodologies were applied, including in-depth interviews and field observations. A literature review on previous research, and contemporary trends was conducted. The field research examines challenges along the value chain in small factories. It finds that mass production paradigms impose a decentralized process between designers and manufacturers and therefore do not leverage local potential into a sustainable competitive advantage for small factories. The proposed solution is a digital and technological platform for small manufacturing plants. The platform mediates and designs the connections between production, technology, and design and enables the creation of a joint R&D system.
Track 1.a Introduction
Authors: LU Yuana , SUNG Tung-Junb , GAO Bo
Published: January 2020

There is increasing recognition of the world growing population of senior citizens, due to the rise in life expectancy and decreased fertility rates. Senior citizens are the most expensive population group for the healthcare system due to the avoidable ageing impact on health degradation. It is therefore necessary to move from the focus on curing to prevention. How can design play an important role to support healthcare prevention for the older adults? Do we need to alter our design tools and methods to be suitable for the design contexts? In this section, we gather a number of interesting papers from the scholarly in the Netherlands, China and Italy. They reported their design research experiences when designing for the specific target user groups.
Track 1.b Introduction: Re-Designing Health: Transforming Systems, Practices and Care
Authors: ROWE Aidana , JAENICHEN Claudine , HARVEY Gillian , SELLEN Kate , VANDENBERG Stephanie
Published: January 2020

The Re-Designing Health: Transforming Systems, Practices and Care track explores the increasing role and possibility for a wide range of design practices and methods to contribute to health care products, provision, and systems.

There is growing recognition of the increasing complexity faced by healthcare systems; critical issues and challenges include ageing populations, chronic diseases, growing drug ineffectiveness, and lack of access to comprehensive services (to name only a few examples). Concurrently design thinking, methods and practices are increasingly recognized as means of addressing complex, multi-levelled and systemic problems.

The track session brought together design academics, researchers and practitioners that are working in—and across—areas of design, medicine and health. Employing design methods, practices, and thinking to address a range of healthcare challenges—from individual product to large-scale policy. This track provided a forum for researchers, practitioners, students, and designers to provide evidence for these relationships, document challenges and successes and to provide theoretical and practical models for healthcare and design to work collaboratively to address complex healthcare problems.
Track 3.b Introduction: Measuring and communicating the value of design
Authors: LANGHAM Jo’Anne , PAULSEN Neil , RAUTH Ingo , TERREY Nina , CHUDCZAK Chrystia
Published: January 2020

Although design has become synonymous with innovation, a tool for good leadership and is seen as a critical factor in the success of many high performing organisations, it is still considered by many as a luxury that comes at the expense of stakeholder resources and speed to market. Many organisations must still be persuaded to employ design.  Design strategy, or the politics of design, is emerging as a critical issue required to overcome the powerful forces that often inhibit the implementation of good design. Some organisations have attempted to measure design, but it is still an inconclusive practice. How do we make design impact, visible and measurable? How do designers convince decision makers of the tangible and enduring benefits of good design? How do organisations know that their designs are having the desired impact?

This track explored the theme of transforming business strategy, organisational practice and culture, influencing management decisions and impacting citizens through design evaluation. We were particularly interested in describing and providing metrics for the value of design.  We were also looking to explore the ways that practitioners and academics have evaluated the success of design in organisations and society. The papers presented in this track were widely dispersed under this theme using a arrange of qualitative and quantitative research approaches.
Track 3.d Introduction: How does design express value?
Authors: KRISTENSEN Tore , HANDS David , CLEMENT Jesper , DICKSON Thomas , GABRIELSEN Gorm , JOO Jaewoo , MÜNSTER Mia
Published: January 2020

A general view, often presented in a political context, suggests investment in design may create societal benefits, like economic growth, employment, competitiveness, and convenience. Conducted at a general level with aggregate variables, such measurements provide very limited insights and can even be misleading. A different approach takes a particular view of a designed artefact, object, system or service. Addressing the benefactors, users and consumers, we may be able to reach an individual value, which in turn may be aggregated to assess a market, KPI or similar.

How does design express value? And how can we measure the value?

To design is to create value for somebody. However, the value depends on who judges it and their and their personal values.

According to John Heskett;

“Design, stripped to its essence, can be defined as the human capacity to shape and make our environment in ways without precedent in nature that serves our needs and gives meaning to our lives”. (Heskett, 2005).

This suggests that artefacts, objects, systems and services, which are available to us, may influence and serve us in different ways depending on our position within a particular environment. Any artefact may affect our physical well-being. This reflects preferences and other values may essentially be emotions and feelings.
Track 4.c Introduction: Transformation IN and BY Design Thinking
Authors: BIANCHI Mattia , CANDI Marina , DELL’ERA Claudio , MAGISTRETTI Stefano , STIGLIANI Ileana , VERGANTI Roberto
Published: January 2020

Scholars and practitioners are acknowledging the central role that design can play in innovation. Design is increasingly becoming a strategic source of competitive advantage, to the point that scholars investigate its managerial side and its impact in the creation of value. Design Thinking, in particular, is making the headlines, with an extremely rapid diffusion in the practice and interest of organizations. Far from being connected with the “form” of products, Design Thinking is accepted as a formal method for creative problem solving, with the intent to foster innovation.

This rapid adoption of Design Thinking in practice however has not gone hand in hand with a robust development and diffusion of its theoretical underpinnings. On the practitioner side, Accenture, Deloitte, IBM, KPMG, McKinsey and PricewaterhouseCoopers rank among the most forceful players in acquiring design agencies in order to renew their offering and refresh their approach. Contemporary design thinking is booming in those industries where the digital transformation requires new competences and capabilities for developing delightful digital experiences. On the one hand Design Thinking describes significant transformations highlighting overlaps and synergies with emerging approaches such Design Sprint, Agile or Creative Confidence; on the other hand it is considered a fundamental paradigm to lead digital transformations. For this reason, the thematic track “Transformation IN and BY Design Thinking” investigates the evolution of this paradigm in relation to different theoretical lenses:

Design Thinking and Innovation Theories

Design Thinking and Creativity Theories

Design Thinking and Leadership Theories

Design Thinking and Organizational Theories
Track 4.f Introduction: Strategic Design of Sustainable Business Models
Authors: BALDASSARRE Brian , CALABRETTA Giulia , BOCKEN Nancy , DIEHL Jan-Carel , KESKIN Duygu
Published: January 2020

Concerns about the societal and environmental impact of how companies operate have generated increasing interest in more sustainable ways of doing business (Porter & Kramer, 2011). Research and practice from the past decade show that a Sustainable Business Model Innovation lens is suitable to embed sustainability into firms’ objectives and operations (Bocken et al., 2014; Schaltegger, Lüdeke-Freund, & Hansen, 2012). Consequently, Sustainable Business Model Innovation has been emerging rapidly as a research field (Lüdeke-Freund & Dembek, 2017). Recent developments in this field build upon seminal work on Design for Sustainability from the past two decades to establish a connection with Strategic Design (Baldassarre et al., 2019; Geissdoerfer et al., 2016; Manzini, 1999; Tukker, 2004). Strategic Design is a research stream that studies how to leverage the discipline of Design in the context of Strategy and Innovation Management (Calabretta et al., 2016; Karpen, Gemser, & Calabretta, 2017). More specifically, it focuses on the application of design practices, principles and methods to the formulation and implementation of innovation strategies that benefit people and organizations alike (Calabretta et al., 2016). The connection between Sustainable Business Model Innovation and Strategic Design is mainly supported by the argument that the strategic and experimental nature of design enables the integration of stakeholders’ objectives including sustainability concerns, while also providing the process dimension needed to move away from theory towards concrete practice and tangible impact (Baldassarre et al., 2017; Bocken, Schuit, & Kraaijenhagen, 2018). However, research on the role and contribution of Strategic Design to Sustainable Business Modeling is still in its infancy. Consequently, within this track of the 2019 edition of the Academy for Design Innovation Management Conference, we collected four research contributions at the intersection between Strategic Design and Sustainable Business Model Innovation. These contributions are summarized in the paragraphs below, followed by a reflection on all of them and potential directions for future research.