bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual impairment service review
Authors: Wilby Emma
Published: August 2022

Aims:

To assess the quality of documentation of patients with a visual impairment within a neurosurgery department to see if they have a corresponding vision alert within their medical notes.

Methods:

Retrospective case note analysis over 3 years of neurosurgical patients diagnosed with a space occupying lesion involving the anterior fossa near the optic apparatus was conducted. Post-surgical clinical assessment validated by formal visual assessment revealed 56 patients had a visual impairment diagnosis. Visual acuity and visual field mean deviations in the best eye were studied, along with the documentation of a vision alert. A total of nine patients did not meet the inclusion criteria and were removed from the study.

Results:

Out of 47 patients, four were found to have a severe sight impairment. Only 11 (23.40%) patients had a vision alert on their medical records. Out of the 47 patients with a visual impairment, three patients certified as sight impaired and severely sight impaired (75%) did not have a vision alert on their medical record.

Conclusions:

Although visual impairment was common in this study population, most patients had useful vision. Documentation to alert clinicians and carers about visual impairment was poor and needs improvement.
A service update: Parkinson's Connect
Authors: Goates Katie
Published: August 2022

Parkinson's UK provide an update on their newly launched service, Parkinson's Connect. The service works alongside appointments and healthcare professionals and aims to proactively provide people with reliable and accurate information at the point of their diagnosis.
Breaking it down: a multiple sclerosis podcast
Authors: Winchester Claire
Published: August 2022

The multiple sclerosis Trust is constantly looking for new and innovative ways to engage with and inform people with multiple sclerosis. Claire Winchester discusses their new podcast series, providing a brief overview of current and future content.
Historical Development of Education and Social Work in Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Avdyl
Published: August 2022

The aim of this article is to highlight the history of social work in Kosovo, regarding the major political climate from 1945 to the present. Unfavorable political developments that have existed in Kosovo for a long historical period have made it impossible to develop the social work profession compared to the countries of the region. Although the Former Yugoslav Federation claimed to be a socialist country, the social differences between states and provinces within this were large. The findings of the paper show that social work did not develop in Kosovo as a profession until specific structures, such as the emergence of the University of Pristina as a legal structure of education for Kosovo Albanians, which has been offering a degree program in social work for almost a decade now. The political orientation and organizational infrastructure are highly relevant for the execution and education of social work. Literature review is the methodological framework of this paper. Education and social work have been shown to be an extraordinary opportunity for the transformation of society.
Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Epipsocidae): a new species of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, and new records for Brazil
Authors: REATEGUI NATÁLIA SOARES , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO , Cordeiro Danilo Pacheco , DA SILVA-NETO ALBERTO MOREIRA
Published: August 2022

A new species of Neurostigma, collected in an area of Atlantic Rainforest, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, is described and illustrated, namely: Neurostigma atlanticum sp. nov. The first record of Neurostigma garcialdretei Mendivil-Nieto, Gonzalez-Obando & Carrejo-Gironza, 2020, from Brazil was made.
Discovery of the genus Muellerella Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) in Japan
Authors: ITO RYUDAI , TOKUSHIGE NORIHIDE , MITA TOSHIHARU
Published: August 2022

Muellerella indicus (Muesebeck, 1934) of the bethylid subfamily Epyrinae, previously known from India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, was newly recorded from Japan in a sandy beach landscape.
An antibacterial compound purified from a tropical coastal plant, Diospyros maritima
Authors: ISNANSETYO ALIM , HANDAYANI DESY PUTRI , ISTIQOMAH INDAH , ARIF ADITYA , KANEKO TAKUSHI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Isnansetyo A, Handayani DP, Istiqomah I, Arif A, Kaneko T. 2021. An antibacterial compound purified from a tropical coastal plant, Diospyros maritima. Biodiversitas 23: 135-142. This study aimed to isolate, purify, and characterize an antibacterial compound from Diospyros maritima and evaluate its antibacterial activity. Diospyros maritima bark was collected from Kei Kecil Island, extracted with ethanol, separated with hexane and chloroform, and purified by column chromatography. The isolated compound was tested for antibacterial activity by paper disk diffusion on the double-layer agar medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method in a 96-well microplate. The pure compound inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila at MICs of 0.625 and 5 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular weight of the compound was 188 m/z based on GC-MS analysis. The 1H-NMR spectrum indicated two protons which appeared as a multiplet at 7,687.59 ppm, one proton appeared as a singlet at 6.87 ppm and one proton appeared as a doublet at 7.26 ppm. The 13C-NMR spectrum showed eleven carbon signals, eight signals for the aromatic ring (186.06, 162.38, 151.17, 137.41, 134.49, 133.76, 17.75, and 16.51 ppm) and two signals at 191.91 and 191.05 ppm. The spectrometric data showed that the isolated compound was plumbagin (1,4-naphthalenedione-5-hydroxy-2-methyl). This finding opens up a new perspective for D. maritima as a source of lead compounds for the development of antibacterial substances.
Population dynamics and feeding habit of Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus in Siombak Tropical Coastal Lake, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi Ahmad , Nur Muhammad , Latuconsina Husain , Hidayat Thomas
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Muhtadi A, Nur M, Latuconsina H, Hidayat T. 2021. Population dynamics and feeding habit of Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus in Siombak Tropical Coastal Lake, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 151-159. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and O. mossambicus (Mozambique Tilapia) are economically important fish species in Indonesia. This study aims to determine these two fish species' population dynamics, including growth, reproduction, recruitment, mortality rates, exploitation rates, and feeding habits. Samples were taken from September 2018 to August 2019 in Siombak Lake, North Sumatra Province. Data were analyzed in this study using software FISAT-II and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that Nile Tilapia had an isomeric growth pattern, and Mozambique Tilapia exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern. The estimate von Bertalanffy's growth parameters on ELEFAN-I were asymptotic length (L?) of Nile tilapia: 36.06 cm and Mozambique tilapia: 26.09 cm. The growth coefficient (K) of Nile tilapia was 0.59, and Mozambique tilapia was 0.54. The mortality rate (Z) of Nile tilapia reached 3.20 per year, and Mozambique tilapia reached 3.04 per year, whereas the natural mortality (M) of Nile Tilapia 1.24 while Mozambique Tilapia was 1.27. Based on the rate of exploitation, both fish have been overexploited. Peak spawning of Nile Tilapia was in August and December, and of Mozambique Tilapia was in March and June. Both species were omnivores, predominantly with herbivorous feeding habits.
Identification of bioactive compounds of banana corm (Musa paradisiaca) using GC-MS and its inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: FAJRIH NURUL , WIRYAWAN KOMANG GEDE , SUMIATI SUMIATI , SYAHPURA SURAYA KAFFI , WINARSIH WIWIN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Fajrih N, Wiryawan KG, Sumiati, Syahpura SK, Winarsih W. 2022. Identification of bioactive compounds of banana corm (Musa paradisiaca) using GC-MS and its inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. Biodiversitas 23: 195-204. The banana corm is an agricultural waste that is abundant in nature but is rarely used even though it has many benefits including as an antibacterial agent. Therefore, this study aims to identify and isolate antibacterial compounds in banana corm and evaluate their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, B. cereus) that generally infect livestock. The extraction procedure was carried out by maceration using ethanol and fractionation through the liquid-liquid method using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was further analyzed using column chromatography using silica gel as a stationary phase and eluted with 100% of CHCl?, 20% of MeOH/CHCl?, 3% of MeOH/CHCl? and 100% of MeOH, respectively. Identification of antibacterial compounds was carried out using GC-MS. Growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria was conducted by the well agar diffusion method. Based on the GC-MS chromatogram results, several compounds with antibacterial properties compounds were identified in the banana corm, namely Octadeca-9,12-Dienoicand Hexadecanoic acids. The extract of banana corm has antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, and B. cereus at the concentration of 5% with inhibitory zones of 5.88 mm (moderate), 9.13 mm (moderate), 13.86 (strong), and 14.66 (strong), respectively. It is concluded that banana corm extract contains antibacterial compounds and can inhibit the growth of several pathogenic bacteria.
Genetic variation of Austropuccinia psidii in some species of Myrtaceae as host plants in Java, Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers
Authors: FARADILLA FARAH AULYA , PRIHATINI ISTIANA , SURANTO SURANTO , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Faradilla FA, Prihatini I, Suranto, Susilowati A. 2022. Genetic variation of Austropuccinia psidii in some species of Myrtaceae as host plants in Java, Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Biodiversitas 23: 256-263. Austropuccinia psidii is pathogenic rust with a wide host and is considered a biosecurity threat to the Myrtaceae family in many countries. The genetic variation of this rust in Java, Indonesia is poorly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic variation among A. psidii from different Myrtaceae hosts, namely Syzygium polyanthum, S. myrtifolium, and Melaleuca cajuputi from three different locations in Java using seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Data were collected from 28 A. psidiisamples from three different hosts and locations in Java. The genetic variations of A. psidii were found in six isolates in locus USYD_Pp168, PpSSR161, and PpSSR195*. The results showed that the expected heterozygosity value among 12 isolates of A. psidii is 0.312. The dendrogram illustrates two clusters constructed with cluster I consisting of subcluster IA (S1, S3, S4, S5, K1, K2, K3, K4, and P1) and IB (P2); and cluster II consists of isolates S2 and S6. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) was used to demonstrate the similarity and dissimilarity among isolates based on microsatellite sites. Axis 1 and 2 explained 87.7 % of the total variations and sep a rated isolate S1, S2, S3, S4, S6 from other isolates, and grouping the rest of isolates together. The dendrogram and PCo analysis demonstrated A. psidii isolates tend to have close genetic similarity based on their host.
Morphological characters, pharmacognostical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening of Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorni?k. & N.S.Lý in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Authors: CHEN TRAN VAN , LAM DUONG NGUYEN XUAN , THONG CAO LY TAN , NGUYEN DANH DUC , NHI NGUYEN THANH TO , TRIET NGUYEN THANH
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Chen TV, Lam DNX, Thong CLT, Nguyen DD, Nhi NTT, Triet NT. 2022. Morphological characters, pharmacognostical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening of Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorni?k. & N.S.Lý in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 3907-3920. Curcuma sahuynhensis (Vegetable Turmeric or Rau Nghe) has been used as a flavor and a spice in Vietnamese cuisines. Information on micromorphological characters, pharmacognostic parameters, and phytochemical screening of C. sahuynhensis has not been reported in the literature. Therefore, the accurate verification of plants requires further research to determine their quality and safety in order to make optimal use of them as raw materials for medicines and food. In this work, macro-and micromorphological features, pharmacognostic parameters, and phytochemical screening were performed according to the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V guidelines and other published data. Macromorphologically, it can grow up to 75 ± 5 cm tall and up to 10 per pseudostem. The inflorescence consists of 10–24 bracts. Rhizome branched, and remote tubers were present. The flower was yellow with a warm yellow midrib band, and an incision up to 0.6 cm long on the apex labellum. Anthers are L-shaped, stalked with no knobs below the thecae. Micromorphologically, there are anatomical similarities between the species in the genus Curcuma, particularly in terms of leaves, roots, and rhizomes. Under the lower epidermis of the leaf midrib are small vascular bundles (8–10 bundles). The stomatal index (SI) was 8.97 in abaxial and 1.06 in adaxial of the leaf. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals were found in the leaf but they were absent in the root. Starch grains were also found in leaf powder (11–12.5 µm) and rhizome powder (15–20 µm). Additionally, the presence of oleoresin (in leaves and rhizomes) and the absence of crystals in the cortex region of the rhizome was found to be significant features in identifying C. sahuynhensis. Phytochemical screening found that its rhizome and inflorescence contain essential oil, amino acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, triterpenoids, polyuronides, and reducing compounds. Pharmacognostically, rhizome powders' moisture content, total ash value, and acid-insoluble ash value were 11.79 ± 0.20%, 7.32 ± 0.60%, and 0.24 ± 0.08%, respectively.
Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia
Authors: IHSANNUDIN IHSANNUDIN , ANTRIYANDARTI ERNOIZ
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ihsannudin, Antriyandarti E. 2022. Stakeholder participation in conservation of yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti) and its habitat in Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3950-3959. The yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea abbotti, Oberholser 1917) is found only on Masakambing Island, Indonesia. Its conservation efforts are now facing hardship due to massive exploitation of their habitat, and stakeholder contribution is essential. The study was conducted on Masakambing Island using a sequential exploratory mixed method design. The results show that based on a ladder of participation, central government, local government, and non-government organization (NGO) are at the second top of the ladder (co-learning), while the community group is at the lower level (cooperation) and the local community at the lowest (compliance ladder). Limited knowledge, resources, and group characteristics contribute to the failure to be at the top level. Meanwhile, the local government, NGO, and community groups achieve a large participation dimension. The central government reaches medium coverage, while the local community has the lowest coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to get support from all stakeholders and put the local community as the main actor using a pragmatic approach. The lack of consideration from the views of older people and community members may add to the complexity of defining financial exploitation, which can result in problems in detection, disclosure, and underreporting of incidences.
Exploration, screening and identification of indigenous yeast from some palm juices for bioethanol production
Authors: WIDYANINGRUM TRIANIK , FEBRIANTI NOVI , PRASTOWO INDRO , SAIFUDDIN MUCH FUAD , PERMADI ADI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Widyaningrum T, Febrianti N, Prastowo I, Saifuddin MF, Permadi A. 2022. Exploration, screening and identification of indigenous yeast from some palm juices for bioethanol production. Biodiversitas 23: 3984-3990. The major energy sources usually employed are originated mainly from fossil which can run out. Therefore, the creation of ecologically beneficial and long-lasting forms of alternative energy sources, such as bioethanol, is an absolutely necessary. This study aimed to explore, screen and to identify indigenous yeasts from some palm juices for bioethanol production. The isolates were screened in coconut water media for the degree of bioethanol production, the content of reducing sugar based on a DNS method, and the cell number based on optical density (600 nm). Furthermore, identification was performed using ITS and candidates of the highest bioethanol-producing ability including A3A, A11E from Arenga pinnata, K1C1, K1A, K2C from Cocos nucifera L., N3E, N3D, N1A from Nypa fruticans, S1A, and S2D from B. flabellifer L were obtained. The respective bioethanol contents were 13.4%, 12.8%, 13%, 16%, 14.2%, 13.2%, 12%, 12.6%, 14.4%, and 13.35%. The results showed that the isolates of A3A and N3E were similar to those of Pichia deserticola CBS 7119T. Meanwhile, the isolates of K1A and S1A were similar to that of Pichia manshurica CBS 240T and Candida tropicalis ZA 021T.
Variation of morphological characteristics, total phenolic, and total flavonoid in Adenostemma lavenia, A. madurense, and A. platyphyllum
Authors: NURLELA NURLELA , NURFALAH RIFAN , ANANDA FIRA , RIDWAN TAOPIK , ILMIAWATI AULIYA , NURCHOLIS WARAS , TAKEMORI HIROSHI , BATUBARA IRMANIDA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Nurlela, Nurfalah R, Ananda F, Ridwan T, Ilmiawati A, Nurcholis W, Takemori H, Batubara I. 2022. Variation of morphological characteristics, total phenolic, and total flavonoid in Adenostemma lavenia, A. madurense, and A. platyphyllum. Biodiversitas 23: 3999-4005. Adenostemma has long been used as a herbal medication. Despite some studies regarding the morphology and potency of Adenostemma carried out, the variation of morphological traits, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) on different species of Adenostemma has been poorly investigated. This study was designed to observe the morphological characteristics, TPC, and TFC of Adenostemma lavenia, A. madurense, and A. platyphyllum. Morphological characteristics were observed using qualitative and quantitative parameters. The colorimetric method determined TPC and TFC in plant leaf ethanol extracts. The plants were morphologically diverse, which significant variation among the three species in plant height, length and width of leaf, and internodes distance. Morphological traits such as leaf length and width, plant height, and internodes distance significantly correlate with phenolic and flavonoid content in Adenostemma. These may be used as important selection criteria in Adenostemma for obtaining high phenolic and flavonoid content. The study revealed that different species of these plants with varying morphological traits substantially impact the content of their chemical compounds. The highest TPC and TFC were found in A. lavenia, suggesting that it is potentially an alternative source of bioactive compounds as herbal medicine.
Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: LUTHFIYANA NOVI , BIJA STEPHANIE , NUGRAENI CHRISTINE DYTA , LEMBANG MISKA SANDA , ANWAR EFFIONORA , LAKSMITAWATI DIAN RATIH , NUSAIBAH NUSAIBAH , RATRINIA PUTRI WENING , MUKMAINNA MUKMAINNA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Luthfiyana N, Bija S, Nugraeni CD, Lembang MS, Anwar E, Laksmitawati DR, Nusaibah, Ratrinia PW, Mukmainna. 2022. Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4018-4025. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shells (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chitosan was produced from deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation processes. Nanoparticles of chitosan were produced by the ionic gelation method. The quality of produced chitosan was tested, and characterized the obtained nanoparticles of chitosan. The results showed that the yield of chitosan was 5.82 ± 0.02%, moisture 1.66 ± 0.05%, ash 1.59 ± 0.21%, nitrogen 1.32 ± 0.06%, and degree of deacetylation (DD) 76 ± 0.00%. All results were in accordance with the Protan Laboratory and Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2010 standard. Next, the characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles showed that the highest intensity was 15.69 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.346 and a zeta potential of -26.1 mV. The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) at 7,500 times magnification. Several elements, such as C and O, were found as constituent elements of chitosan, whereas Mg, Al, P, and Ca, were metal impurities of the shell. Na was derivate from NaTTP, a reactant from mangrove crab nano chitosan. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that 1% (P4) chitosan extract showed highest zone of inhibition i.e. 13.55 mm and 13.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively.
Endophytic bacteria associated with Myristica fragrans Houtt: Improved media, bacterial population, preliminary characterization, and potential as antibacterials
Authors: YUNITA MELDA , OHIWAL MORGAN , DIRKS CHRISLAVENA SHINTA , ANGKEJAYA ONY WIBRIYONO , ILSAN NOOR ANDRYAN , SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Yunita M, Ohiwal M, Dirks CS, Angkejaya OW, Ilsan NA, Sukmawati S. 2022. Endophytic bacteria associated with Myristica fragrans Houtt: Improved media, bacterial population, preliminary characterization, and potential as antibacterials. Biodiversitas 23: 4047-4054. We have investigated a similar study previously and only obtained 4 isolates that were able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria with a very small inhibition index (1.5 mm-3.4 mm) in NA media. Therefore, the current study was conducted by improving the NA media with the addition of 1% peptone and Myristica fragrans filtrate. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria as antibacterials in the modified NA media. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from 5 organs of M. fragrans and were grown on Nutrient Agar added with 1% peptone and M. fragrans filtrate. The total bacterial population was analyzed by the TPC method. Preliminary characterization consisted of macroscopic and microscopic observations. Antibacterial test was carried out by agar diffusion method. The total population of endophytic bacteria varied for all organs of M. fragrans, with the highest population was found in the seeds (1x105 CFU/gr), while the least was found in the pulp (9x103 CFU/gr). A total of 10 isolates were selected and preliminary characterization showed that endophytic bacteria had different macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. All isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC-27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-29213 with the largest inhibition zone index was obtained by isolate BJ1 (22.5 mm and 23.8 mm), while the smallest was obtained by isolate TD2 (12.5 mm and 13.6 mm) which were still categorized as strong inhibition. The study concluded that the addition of 1% peptone and M. fragrans filtrate in NA media was able to show far better results compared to our previous study and the strong antibacterials can be developed and formulated in the future.
Coconut diversity based on chloroplast Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) and Insertion-Deletion (InDel) markers
Authors: RAHMAWATI ANNISAA , DINARTI DINY , MASKROMO ISMAIL , VOLKAERT HUGO ALFRIED , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rahmawati A, Dinarti D, Maskromo I, Volkaert HA, Sudarsono. 2022. Coconut diversity based on chloroplast Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) and Insertion-Deletion (InDel) markers. Biodiversitas 23: 4073-4081. Indonesia is known as a country rich in biodiversity, and a species with high diversity existing in Indonesia is coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Although the high diversity of Indonesian coconut is recognized, information about its genetics is limited. The genetic relationship between Indonesian coconut and their maternal inheritance is important and has not been widely studied. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the Indonesian coconut using chloroplast SNAP and InDel markers, and evaluate their haplotype diversity. Sixty-four coconut accessions were evaluated using ten SNAP primers and five InDel primers based on cpDNA. All of the primers successfully amplified the cpDNA of most evaluated coconut accessions. Based on five InDel markers, six haplotypes were observed in Cocos nucifera. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined SNAP and InDel markers divided the 64 coconut accessions into three clusters. The SNAP marker analysis results showed that they are less informative for evaluating coconut genetic diversity. On the other hand, the InDel markers are more informative and useful for coconut genetic diversity evaluation. Therefore, InDel markers based on chloroplast genomes has the potential for future coconut genetic variation analysis, evolutionary study, and DNA fingerprinting. The results should contribute to understanding the Indonesian coconut origins and evolution.
Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth.
Authors: PURNOBASUKI HERY , RAKHASHIWI GALUH AYU , JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH , WAHYUNI DWI KUSUMA , PUTRA RAMADHANI EKA , RAFFIUDIN RIKA , SOESSILOHADI RC HIDAYAT
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Purnobasuki H, Rakhashiwi GA, Junairiah, Wahyuni DK, Putra RE, Raffiudin R, Soessilohadi RCH. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. Biodiversitas 23: 4097-4108. Secondary metabolites in plants have various benefits, therefore their distribution in plant body parts is important to study. The identification process of plants should be conducted using several characters, including morphological and molecular data. This study aimed to identify and confirm Cosmos caudatus Kunth using morpho-anatomy characters and DNA barcodes. The plants used were three samples taken from the Husada Graha Famili Park, Surabaya. The morpho-anatomical investigation was carried out descriptively, while the DNA barcoding study was processed by amplifying and sequencing the rbcL and matK genes. Morphological studies indicate that the roots and stems of C. caudatus are similar to the organs of dicots shrubs in general. The leaves have a pinnate type with two different colors on each side of the leaf. Compound flowers are cup-type with two types of flowers, namely disc flowers and ray flowers. Based on anatomical observation, all vegetative organs have the same tissue as dicotyledonous plants. The anatomical characteristic of C. caudatus lies in its trichomes due to its anthocyanin content and stomata which are anomocytic and anisocytic types. DNA barcoding results showed that the three sample plants had identical similarities with several Cosmos genera contained in the GenBank database with percentage identities values ??above 98%, query covers 96-100%, and e-values ??of 0.
Vegetation analysis of 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: DHARMA WIRA , ZAKARIA RAHMAD
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Dharma W, Zakaria R. 2022. Vegetation analysis of 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4131-4137. The vegetation of urban forests is strongly influenced by the composition of trees planted in the forest area. In order to maintain its sustainability, complete vegetation data is needed as a basis for good urban forest management. The purpose of this study was to identify the species diversity of trees in 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh. The study was conducted using the Cruising method with the count of all vegetation species found in urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh. Data analysis was done by the vegetation analysis method through the calculation of diversity index (H'), Relative Frequency (RF), Relative Density (RD), Relative Dominance (RB), and Importance Value Index (IVI). The results showed that the tree component of the area was composed of 50 tree species representing 2218 individuals. The highest IVI value was found in Samanea saman with an IVI value of 67.95, and the lowest was in Tamarindus indica species with an IVI value of 8.16. The diversity index in the observed urban forests was low, with the highest index in Tibang forest at only 0.37. In order to increase plant diversity in urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, plant species enrichment is needed. It is expected to increase ecological functions in the surrounding environments.
Short Communication: Determination of crude oil degradation efficiency of biofilm producing bacteria isolated from oil contaminated site
Authors: KHOO DE-HWA , SHIVANAND POOJA , TAHA HUSSEIN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Khoo DH, Shivanand P, Taha H. 2022. Short Communication: Determination of crude oil degradation efficiency of biofilm producing bacteria isolated from oil contaminated site. Biodiversitas 23: 4138-4143. Microbes have gained much attention for their application in the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated areas, and biofilm producing bacteria are considered potential candidates for this purpose. The aim of this study was to screen six oil degrading bacterial strains for their ability to form biofilm, and to measure the crude oil degradation efficiency of selected strains. It was found that only two strains, Micrococcus sp. UBDBH15 and Pseudomonas sp. UBDBH26 were categorized as strong biofilm producers, with the latter showing the highest amount of biofilm formed. Under the conditions tested, Pseudomonas sp. UBDBH26 was also found to have the highest degradation rate (0.0047 g/day) with a significant degradation of 7.07 ± 3.02 and 11.38 ± 2.93 % of crude oil after 7 and 14 days respectively. Micrococcus sp. UBDBH15 had a lower rate of degradation (0.0033 g/day), resulting in a non-significant degradation. However, in comparison with a non-biofilm producer, Enterobacter sp. UBDBH06, this study suggested that biofilm might enhance the degradation of oil, but further studies are needed to confirm this assumption.
Isolation and characterization of IbAE7-like 1 gene encoding the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway in response to skinning injury in sweetpotato
Authors: EFFENDY JOLLANDA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Effendy J. 2022. Isolation and characterization of IbAE7-like 1 gene encoding the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway in response to skinning injury in sweetpotato. Biodiversitas 23: 4223-4233. Skinning injury is a major constrain in postharvest loss in sweetpotato due to the loss of skin from the surface of the roots. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/2 ENHANCER7(AE7) is an important cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) pathway. A partial cDNAIbI51 encoding AE7-like 1 was isolated from a skinning injury cDNA library to evaluate its potential role in response to skinning injury. The open reading frameof IbAE7-like 1 consisted of 324 nucleotides and the deduced polypeptide sequences consistedof 108 amino acids with missing 46 amino acid residues at 5? end. The amino acid sequence ofIbAE7-like 1 shared 100% identity toAE7-like 1 previously identified in Ipomoea triloba and Ipomoea nil and 89.91-100% identity from other plants species. The findings indicated that AE7-like 1 was highly conserved in Ipomoea sp. In addition to similarity to AE7-like 1, IbAE7-like 1 also showed similarities to MIP18 (89.91-93.52%); DUF59 (91.67%); FAM96B (90.74%); and proteins with unknown function (90.74-91.67%). IbAE7-like 1 mRNA transcripts showed transient expression in response to skinning injury. The phylogenetic analysis classified IbAE7-like 1 into three main classes. This study revealed IbAE7-like 1 may play a key role in plant defense and wound repair to prevent DNA damage due to skinning injuryin storage roots of sweetpotato.
Diversity of bivalves on the north coast of Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Atlanta Viola , Ambarwati Reni , Rahayu Dwi Anggorowati , Mujiono Nova
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Atlanta V, Ambarwati R, Rahayu DA, Mujiomo N. 2022. Diversity of bivalves on the north coast of Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4263-4271. Biodiversity in Indonesian waters is very abundant, one of which is bivalves. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, abundance, uniformity and dominance of bivalves, as well as to analyze the habitat profile of bivalves in the North Coast of Lamongan. Bivalves sampling was carried out at Kutang Beach and Joko Moersodo Beach. There were three research stations consisting of three sub-stations on each beach. At each sub-station, it was taken the plot of 5×5 m. Each plot contained five subplots of 1×1 m. The habitat profiles studied were temperature, pH, salinity, and turbidity and the type of substrate. Samples were identified based on morphological characters. The research data obtained were analyzed descriptive qualitatively. The results revealed that the bivalves found in the North Coast of Lamongan included Anadara antiquata, Vasticardium elongatum, Donax faba, Asaphis sp., Gari elongata, Serratina perplexa, Gafrarium pectinatum, Heterocardia gibbosula, Marcia hiantina, Marcia japonica, Marcia opima, Meretrix sp., and Venerupis aspera. The index value of bivalves’ diversity at the North Coast of Lamongan was 1.13-2.201. The habitat profile of the bivalves in the North Coast of Lamongan was as follows: temperature 29.3-31.7ºC, salinity 25-32 ppt, pH 7.59-8.18, turbidity 10.6-17.3 NTU and the dominant type of substrate was sandy mud. Bivalves were more commonly found on beaches with dense mangroves.
Short Communication: A new species of tarantula of the genus Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from the Province of Dinagat Islands, Philippines
Authors: SALAMANES JULIUS JOHN DP. , SANTOS JHAYSON MARK J. , AUSTRIA ELEANOR S. , VILLANCIO GIL GABRIEL S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Salamanes JJDP, Santos JMJ, Austria ES, Villancio GGS. 2022. Short Communication: A new species of tarantula of the genus Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from the Province of Dinagat Islands, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 4283-4288. Orphnaecus adamsoni sp. nov., a new species of tarantula of the genus Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 is described and illustrated based on the specimens collected from the Province of Dinagat Islands, Philippines. It closely resembles O. kwebaburdeos (Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Rasalan, 2015). However, it can be easily distinguished by having a rounded carapace, shorter leg segments, more clavate-paddle shaped maxillary lyra, and a different habitat. This mygalomorph spider discovery constitutes the fifth species described for Orphnaecus and the fourth record in the Philippines.
Effect of pre-sowing treatment on the germination and early growth of Kalappia celebica Kosterm.: an endemic and vulnerable tree species of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: TUHETERU FAISAL DANU , HUSNA HUSNA , ALBASRI ALBASRI , ARIF ASRIANTI , BASRUDIN BASRUDIN , NURDIN WIWIN RAHMAWATI , ARMAN EPRIANI , AGUSTIN DWI INTAN , SARIBADU JUSMAN , RAHMAT RAHMAT , DERMAWANSYAH AHMAD , DALIANA DALIANA , LODY LUCKY PERDANA , DERI ALKIKA SURYA , SAFITRI IKRAENI , SUDRAJAT DEDE J.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Tuheteru FD, Husna, Albasri, Arif A, Basrudin, Nurdin WR, Arman E, Agustin DI, Saribadu J, Rahmat, Dermawansyah A, Daliana, Lody LP, Deri AS, Safitri I, Sudrajat DJ. 2022. Effect of pre-sowing treatment on the germination and early growth of Kalappia celebica Kosterm.: an endemic and vulnerable tree species of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4297-4302. Kalapi (Kalappia celebica) is an endemic tree species of Sulawesi and is threatened with extinction, so it requires conservation efforts to preserve the tree species. The research aims to determine the effects of seed pre-sowing methods on the germination of K. celebica. Matured seeds of kalapi were collected from several mother trees at the Lalona Village, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The seeds were treated with six pre-germinations treatments (control, nicking, nicking and soaking in cool water (20°C) for 12 h, nicking and soaking in cool water for 24 h, soaked in hot water (80°C) for 24 h till the water-cooled and soaked in cool water for 48 h. Three replication and each replication using 25 seed were used in this research, so the total seed were 450 seeds. The randomized completely design was used to test the effect of pre-germination treatments on seed germination parameters at the greenhouse. The germination parameters calculated were the first day of germination, last day of germination, germination period, germination capacity, mean germination time (MGT), and mean daily germination (MDG). The results showed that pre-germination treatment affected all seed germination parameters, which significantly increased the germination capacity. The germination capacity with the nicking was 94,67%, nicking and soaking in cool water (20°C) for 12 h (94,67%) followed by nicking and soaking in cool water (20° C) for 24 h (90,67%). In all treatments, germination started 5 to 10 days after sowing and was completed from 4 to 16 days later. The seed treatment by nicking and soaking in cool water for 12 d exhibited the lowest MGT (5.56 days), the highest MDG (0.95 germinate day-1), the highest seedling collar diameter (1.64 mm), and the highest leaf number (1.95). Therefore, the study recommends nicking followed by soaking in cool water for 12 h as an ideal pre-germination treatment to promote germination and seedling growth of kalapi tree species for supported conservation activity.
Assessing local farmer’s perspectives on the role of bat in providing ecosystem services in the Batang Toru ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HARAHAP HAMID ARRUM , YONARIZA YONARIZA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Harahap HA, Yonariza. 2022. Assessing local farmer’s perspectives on the role of bat in providing ecosystem services in the Batang Toru ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4322-4328. Bats play an important role as pollinators in maintaining the ecosystem services and improving the local economy in Batang Toru Ecosystem (BTE). However, the anthropogenic impacts negatively affect their sustainability, making the evaluation of their services increasingly needed. This study was conducted to examine the local farmers’ action against bats in BTE. The objectives were to analyze: (1) farmers’ knowledge of the role of bats in ecosystem services, (2) the perception of bats, (3) awareness of bat population loss and its impact on durian production, and (4) farmers' actions against bats on their land. The results showed that 1 out of 7 farmers exhibited negative actions toward bats in their agroforest lands. They also had significantly low knowledge about bat services in agroforestry. Most farmers regarded bats as meat for food and medicine rather than as pollinators of durian fruits. We recommend that the government and conservation institutions carry out initiatives to educate farmers regarding the importance of bat services, and conservation efforts should be made to maintain the viable population of bats.
Screening of quorum quenching activity of rhizobacteria against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Authors: LESTARI SAFIRA RIZKA , CHOLIQ FERY ABDUL , SEKTIONO ANTOK WAHYU , HADI MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL , ADITYA HAIDAR FARI , RAHMADHINI NONI , KUSUMA RAMADHANI MAHENDRA , SETIAWAN YOGO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Lestari SR, Choliq FA, Sektiono AW, Hadi MS, Aditya HF, Rahmadhini N, Kusuma RM, Setiawam Y. 2022. Screening of quorum quenching activity of rhizobacteria against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Biodiversitas 23: 4336-4342. Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism for determining the virulence of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum. P. carotovorum carries out the QS mechanism with the chemical compound acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) to signal and carry out its pathogenicity and virulence. The pathogenicity of P. carotovorum can be prevented through quorum quencher (QQ) activity derived from bacteria that degrade AHL compounds by producing AHL-lactonase. In the present investigation, AHL-lactonase-producing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of carrot cultivation in Bumiaji Sub-District, City of Batu, East Java, Indonesia. The isolated bacteria were screened for quorum quenching activity. Out of thirty-seven isolates, 7 rhizospheric bacteria showed QQ activity against the Chromobacterium violaceum bioindicator. The hypersensitivity test on tobacco plants showed that, five strains SRL07, SRL09, SRL15, SRL21, and SRL35 did not cause a hypersensitivity response. The five isolates were able to suppress the virulence of P. carotovorum in carrot tubers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the five isolates had the highest similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus. The five isolates were detected to have the gene encoding AHL-lactonase (aiiA). The present study provides new information about the QQ activity of rhizosphere and its potential as a quorum quencher against P. carotovorum.
Current condition of social security administrator for health (BPJS Kesehatan) in Indonesia: contextual factors that affected the national health insurance
Authors: Mukti Ali Ghufron , Jaya Citra , Suhardi Rizki Lestari
Published: August 2022

[No abstract available]
Analysing the information sources Brazilian bureaucrats use as evidence in everyday policymaking
Authors: Koga Natália Massaco , Loureiro Miguel , de Moura Palotti Pedro Lucas , da Silva Lins Rafael , Gontyjo do Couto Bruno , Nogueira Lima Shanna
Published: August 2022

The evidence-based policy (EBP) movement argues for policy actors, especially public officials, to use scientific evidence on what works to improve public policies. Empirical research in Anglo-Saxon countries shows that public officials do not use scientific knowledge that widely, often preferring other sources of information, such as news media, public opinion and peers. What about countries with low influence of EBP, what informs policy here? Using data from a large-n survey with Brazilian federal bureaucrats we uncover associations between sources of information and factors shaping their preferences, such as policy work and policy capacities. We find that in a civil law system such as the Brazilian administration homemade sources rule: there is a prevalence of use of government sources, especially among bureaucrats performing analytical and oversight tasks, and those in higher positions. Academic sources are associated with higher analytical capacity (of the individual and organisation), but not with any particular policy sector. By investigating an important yet often neglected issue in EBP – the role of different types of information and how they inform policy – this article contributes to the literatures on policy work and policy capacity, especially given its empirical focus on Brazil.
Estimation for a complex index of refraction based on the Stokes vector of the reflected light under active polarized detection
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Zhili , Li Shun
Published: August 2022

An estimation method for a complex index of refraction based on the Stokes vector of the reflected light under active polarized detection is presented. In this method, the difference of the Stokes vector of the reflected light is used to introduce the three new estimation indices for the L–M nonlinear least squares algorithm to estimate the complex index of refraction

n

and

k

of the target, which does not require either interpretation of the diffuse reflection part or calculation of every polarized bidirectional reflection distribution function (pBRDF) matrix element. Aluminum is chosen to be the sample to prove the principle of this method, and the result shows that this method can estimate the complex index of refraction more precisely compared with the Hyde method. The result further shows that the estimation index containing elements related to circular polarization has better performance than the index only containing elements related to linear polarization.
The Vibrio cholerae Seventh Pandemic Islands act in tandem to defend against a circulating phage
Authors: O’Hara Brendan J. , Alam Munirul , Ng Wai-Leung
Published: August 2022

The current circulating pandemic El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae has persisted for over sixty years and is characterized by its acquisition of two unique genomic islands called the Vibrio Seventh Pandemic Islands 1 and 2 (VSP-I and VSP-II). However, the functions of most of the genes on VSP-I and VSP-II are unknown and the advantages realized by El Tor through these two islands are not clear. Recent studies have broadly implicated these two mobile genetic elements with phage defense. Still, protection against phage infection through these islands has not been observed directly in any V. cholerae El Tor biotype. Here we report the isolation of a circulating phage from a cholera patient stool sample and demonstrate that propagation of this phage in its native host is inhibited by elements in both VSP-I and VSP-II, providing direct evidence for the role of these genomic islands in phage defense. Moreover, we show that these defense systems are regulated by quorum sensing and active only at certain cell densities. Finally, we have isolated a naturally occurring phage variant that is resistant to the defense conferred by the VSP islands, illustrating the countermeasures used by phages to evade these defense mechanisms. Together, this work demonstrates a functional role for the VSPs in V. cholerae and highlights the key regulatory and mechanistic insights that can be gained by studying anti-phage systems in their native contexts.
Survey of overwintering Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in ports of export and natural landscapes surrounding the ports in Republic of Korea
Authors: Song Hyunsung , Jung Minhyung , Hwang Seoyul , Kim Jiseok , Kim Donghun , Lee Doo-Hyung
Published: August 2022

Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an important agricultural and nuisance pest, is highly invasive with peculiar hiding behavior in human-made structures for overwintering. To evaluate the contamination risk of overwintering H. halys in non-agricultural export goods, we conducted a two-year field survey in Republic of Korea to locate overwintering H. halys in two major ports of export, Ulsan and Pyeongtaek ports, and monitored both active and overwintering H. halys population levels with varying distances from the ports ranging from 1 km to 48 km. First, we deployed wooden shelters in the two ports to catch dispersing H. halys for overwintering and conducted visual inspections for human-made structures in the ports to locate overwintering H. halys. In addition, we sampled dead trees to find overwintering H. halys in wooded areas. Second, we monitored active H. halys populations using pheromone traps with varying distances from the ports. From the survey of overwintering populations, no H. halys was collected from wooden shelters deployed in the two ports. However, we found four adults overwintering in human-made structures in Pyeongtaek port in the first year of survey. One dead adult was also found from a dead tree located in a wooded area adjacent to Pyeongtaek port in the second year. For active populations, results of pheromone trapping indicated that H. halys populations were present during autumn dispersal period not only in agricultural areas, but also in wooded areas adjacent to the two ports. This study reports for the first time that overwintering H. halys were found from the inside the port of export in its native areas with a low density. The results were discussed for evaluating contamination risk of overwintering H. halys in export goods shipping from the Republic of Korea.