bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH RISIKO SISTEMATIS (BETA), UKURAN PERUSAHAAN (FIRM SIZE), DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN (FIRM AGE) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI periode 2013-2022)
Authors: Marlina Eli , Muslim Ade Imam
Published: February 2025

Perusahaan manufaktur adalah jenis usaha yang melakukan proses pengelolaan input  atau  barang  mentah  menjadi  barang  jadi  (output)  yang  nanti  nya  akan  dijual kepada masyarakat. perusahaan pada umumnya memerlukan modal yang cukup besar untuk operasional usahanya agar bisa mencapai keuntungan yang di inginkan. maka dari  itu  perusahaan  memerlukan  tempat  atau  sarana  untuk  memperoleh  tambahan dana.  salah  satu  nya  yaitu  pasar  modal  dimana  pasar  modal  ini  merupakan  tempat diperjual-belikan  instrumen  keuangan  jangka  panjang  contohnya  saham,  meskipun saham  terlihat  lebih  menguntungkan  akan  tetapi  dibalik  return  yang  tinggi  terdapat risiko yang tinggi pula, sehingga hal tersebut memunculkan beberapa fenomena pada saham  salah  satunya  turun  naiknya  harga  saham.  penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk melihat pengaruh risiko sistematis (beta), Ukuran Perusahaan (Firm Size) dan Umur Perusahaan (Firm Age) terhadap Harga saham.Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor industri manufaktur yang terdaftar dibursa efek Indonesia pada tahun 2013-2022, yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling, sehingga total sampel adalah 15 laporan tahunan. penelitian ini merupakan  penelitian  kuantitatif  dengan  menguji  hipotesis.  pengujian  hipotesa menggunakan uji panel dengan alat eviews 12.Penelitian ini menerima dua dari tiga hipotesa, yaitu risiko sistematis dan umur perusahaan (Firm Age) berpengaruh positif terhadap harga saham sedangkan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap harga saham.
Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Oktafiyani Melati , Ardianto Arby Tegar , Isthika Wikan , Prajanto Agung , Kinasih Hayu Wikan
Published: February 2025

Pajak merupakan sumber penghasilan penting bagi suatu negara yang wajib dibayar oleh badan atau orang pribadi. Namun, untuk meminimalisir beban pajak, perusahaan melakukan perencanaan pajak (tax planning). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan (kepemilikan institusional, persentase komisaris independen, komite audit, dan kualitas audit) terhadap penghindaran pajak. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan sampel penelitian yaitu perusahaan real estate dan properti yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2020. Hasil analsisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa persentase komisaris independen berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance). Variabel independen lainnya yaitu kepemilikan institusional, komite audit, dan kualitas audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance.
L’episcopato del Triveneto al Vaticano II
Dall’annuncio alla partecipazione al concilio (1959-65)
Authors: Vian Giovanni
Published: February 2025

The volume reconstructs and examines the attitude of the bishops of the Triveneto Ecclesiastical Region (including the civil regions of Veneto, Trentino Alto
Adige, and Friuli Venezia Giulia) towards the Second Vatican Council. The research focuses on the period from the Council's first announcement to the time of its conclusion (1959-65). It is based on the documentation published in the official records of both the preparatory phase and the various phases of Vatican II. After a brief overview of the Triveneto Ecclesiastical Region and its episcopate at the beginning of John XXIII's pontificate and during the years of Vatican II, the volume offers an examination of the desiderata presented by the Triveneto bishops in view of the Council. This is followed by an analysis of the collective activity of the Triveneto episcopate during the years of Vatican II, within the limits allowed by access to the archives.
A systematic analysis of the interventions made by each bishop of the Triveneto during the Council allows us to detect their specific contributions, as well as those elaborated at the level of the regional Bishops' Conference, to the future documents of Vatican II. Overall, the profile of an episcopal body with a predominantly conservative orientation emerges (with some significant exceptions, such as Joseph Gargitter, Andrea Pangrazio, Albino Luciani, especially in reference to certain issues), which, however, over the years assumed a moderate position that contributed to the Italian episcopate's adherence to the documents of Vatican II. At the regional level, the path of the conciliar renewal accomplished matured, above all under the guidance of the Patriarch of Venice, Giovanni Urbani, a reference figure of the new Pope Paul VI, who soon also identified him as the future president of the renewed Italian Bishops' Conference to coordinate the implementation in a balanced way of Vatican II in the Catholic Church in Italy.
5 • La Conferenza Episcopale Triveneta negli anni del concilio Vaticano II
Authors: Vian Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Il capitolo ricostruisce, sulla base della documentazione accessibile, l’attività collettiva della Conferenza Episcopale Triveneta negli anni del Vaticano II.
Судебная политологическая экспертиза: курс лекций
Authors: Галаева О.
Published: February 2025

Курс лекций предназначен для слушателей, проходящих обучение по дополнительной образовательной программе профессиональной переподготовки по экспертной специальности 32.1 «Политологическое исследование информационных материалов». Судебная политологическая экспертиза – новый род судебной экспертизы, включающий исследование деятельности субъектов политического процесса в актуальном политико-правовом контексте для получения фактических данных, имеющих доказательственное значение в ходе судопроизводства. В лекциях раскрыты теоретические, организационно правовые и методические основы судебной политологической экспертизы. Произведена формализация ограниченного ряда ключевых законодательных формулировок, в частности, политической и идеологической ненависти либо вражды, форм политической деятельности и политического оспаривания. Приведены результаты анализа ряда специальных объектов судебной.
LA IDENTIDAD SOCIO-CULTURAL DE LA COMUNIDAD DE SORDOS: ANÁLISIS DE “EL GRITO DE LA GAVIOTA” DE EMMANUELLE LABORIT
Authors: Galeandro Barbara
Published: February 2025

El artículo se presenta como un análisis reflexivo sobre la identidad socio-cultural de la Comunidad de Sordos. Las categorías de análisis presentes en este trabajo cumplen con los objetivos que nos marcamos en él: destacar la peculiaridad identitaria de la Comunidad de Sordos, que se manifiesta en el uso de la lengua de signos; insistir en la necesidad de reconocer la lengua de signos como un idioma más que caracteriza a un grupo de personas y que define su identidad; y reflexionar sobre la necesidad de sensibilizar la conciencia colectiva para promover la igualdad y la inclusión de la Comunidad de Sordos. La metodología utilizada se basa en un enfoque cualitativo, con el propósito de alcanzar nuestros objetivos y comprender mejor cómo se define la identidad cultural de los sordos. Para ello, tomamos como referencia el análisis del relato autobiográfico El grito de la gaviota, de Emmanuelle Laborit. Dicha escritora, sorda de nacimiento, relata el difícil proceso a través del cual consigue alcanzar su identidad como persona sorda. Por lo tanto, hemos llegado a las conclusiones de que, gracias a la experiencia de esta autora, hemos podido reflexionar sobre la importancia de la lengua de signos para definir la identidad de una persona sorda, y sobre el concepto de identidad sorda. Otra conclusión de este análisis autobiográfico se refiere a la necesidad de considerar la lengua de signos como un idioma más y valorarlo como un instrumento que las personas sordas utilizan para construir su identidad.
Inspección educativa y mejora escolar: análisis de sus funciones desde la perspectiva de los inspectores en ejercicio
Authors: Martínez Serrano María del Carmen , Romero García Manuel Angel , García-Valdecasas Prieto Marina , Gavín Chocano Oscar
Published: February 2025

Los escenarios educativos han sufrido múltiples cambios en las últimas décadas, en cuanto a las condiciones organizativas, los roles, las estrategias metodológicas implementadas, los espacios y los recursos utilizados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 118 inspectores de Andalucía (España). Se utiliza como instrumento el cuestionario para valorar las opiniones emitidas por los inspectores de educación. El objetivo fue determinar el análisis de la orientación educativa docente en las enseñanzas obligatorias por parte de la Inspección de Educación en Andalucía (España). Los resultados mostraron los coeficientes de determinación Intervención de la inspección para la mejora (R²= .315); Acciones que favorecen la permanencia de los estudiantes en el sistema educativo (R²= .293); Interrelaciones entre los miembros de la comunidad (R²= .413); Uso de recursos tecnológicos (R²= .102); Participación de la comunidad escolar e integración de las TIC (R²= .317), explicado por la variable de Mejora de la acción tutorial y orientación educativa, que forman el modelo. Las implicaciones prácticas del trabajo abogan por la importancia que los medios tecnológicos tienen para el correcto desempeño de la función inspectora, al tiempo que se evidencian formas en las que los inspectores potencian el uso de las TIC en los centros educativos.
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMESANAN DAN PENJADWALAN SRI KADARSIH WEDDING ORGANIZER MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ramadaniah Dedeh , Romahdoni Muhammad Reza
Published: February 2025

The advancement of information technology is currently growing very rapidly. Various sectors have taken advantage of this technological advancement, including the wedding organizer business. This is indicated by changes in the management of work, which was previously done manually, now using technology. This research aims to overcome the problems of the semi-manual system used by Sri Kadarsih Wedding Organizer, where customers must come directly to obtain booking information and data is recorded in a book, so that data can be lost or damaged and can cause redundancy of schedule data.  In this study using the agile software development system development method. Using data collection techniques of interviews, observations and literature studies. This system was developed using the PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language using the SQLyog database. The result of this research is an ordering and scheduling information system that is able to facilitate the ordering process, check the availability of service dates and support the operational efficiency of Sri Kadarsih Wedding Organizer. In conclusion, this booking and scheduling information system makes it easy for customers to place orders and check date availability, and helps Sri Kadarsih Wedding Organizer to schedule orders more efficiently, reduce the risk of errors, and improve the accuracy of managing event schedules.
PREDIKSI TINGKAT KELULUSAN MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN NAÏVE BAYES
Authors: Putra Arriano , Sugandi Febri
Published: February 2025

One of the benefits of the Academic Information System (SIAKAD) in higher education institutions is its ability to present graduation index results for each student, allowing for an assessment of their academic engagement throughout each semester. Using cloud-based academic applications, decision-makers can access semester-by-semester student performance data to evaluate and predict the completion time of student studies. A machine learning approach is employed to systematically analyze the data, particularly in measuring the Graduation Index (GI). The Naïve Bayes algorithm is selected for its ability to classify and structure data effectively. This need can be further explored through campus research to enhance future decision-making processes. The objective of this study is to predict the graduation rate of nursing students using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, one of the machine learning methods. The research data was sourced from the Dharma Wacana Nursing Academy, including student cohorts from 2019 to 2023 as training data and the 2024 cohort as testing data. The dataset comprises 453 students who graduated between 2019 and 2023 and 64 active students from the 2024 academic year. Testing using the RapidMiner application, with graduation status as the output, demonstrated that the prediction model achieved an accuracy rate of 99.81%, with 100% precision and 99.80% recall. These results indicate that Naïve Bayes is a reliable tool for determining the likelihood of student graduation based on their historical academic data. This study concludes that implementing Naïve Bayes for graduation prediction can support more effective academic decision-making
Multisensory strategies to foster autonomous language learning through digital landscapes
Authors: Saborío-Taylor Silvia
Published: February 2025

This research explores the integration of multisensory strategies in digital learning landscapes to enhance autonomous language learning. Drawing on theoretical foundations such as multisensory integration, learning strategies, and autonomy, the study investigates how digital platforms that engage multiple senses can address the challenges of autonomous online learning, particularly for English language learners. The research focuses on English teachers in the Pedagogical Praxis module of a master’s program, examining their experiences with a multisensory digital landscape designed to foster self-directed learning. The study employed a quantitative research approach, collecting data via surveys to evaluate the impact of multisensory design on learner engagement, language proficiency, and autonomy. Findings indicate that participants experienced higher levels of engagement, improved comprehension, and increased motivation through the multisensory digital landscape. While the majority of respondents reported positive outcomes, minor challenges related to self-management and technical difficulties were noted. Overall, the study highlights the potential of multisensory digital learning landscapes to support autonomous language learners and offers insights into how these strategies can be further refined to maximize educational impact.
Improving critical thinking ability in elementary schools with interactive e-modules
Authors: Dermawan Deden Dicky , Wuryandani Wuri , Herwin Herwin , Eliza Fivia , Nurzaman Istikhoroh , Giwangsa Sendi Fauzi , Nurdiansah Nano , Fadli Radinal , Sari Sasmita , Jannah Miftahul , Munawarah Munawarah
Published: February 2025

This research project focuses on developing an interactive e-module specifically designed to improve critical thinking skills in elementary school students. To achieve this goal, we used a research and development approach based on the 4D model, involving 36 fourth-grade students at Pasirhuni State Elementary School, Indonesia as the research sample, data collection using validation sheets and tests, data analysis using expert validation questionnaires, classical completeness tests, and N-gain tests. The validation results showed high scores on the media and material aspects, with an average score of 89.40%, which indicated that this e-module was very valid, in the effectiveness test conducted on a wide scale, the pre- and post-test scores showed a percentage of classical completeness of 89% with complete criteria. The implementation of the interactive e-module resulted in a significant increase in students’ critical thinking skills. This recommendation can contribute to further research on the role of visual and interactive features in digital modules to support the development of student’s cognitive skills.
Improving MSME Business by Preparing Financial Reports Based on MSME SAK
Authors: Nasihin Ihsan , Purwandari Dian , Lasmini Lilis , Ardiansyah Hendri Nur
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this community service is to help MSMEs record simple financial transactions and prepare financial reports based on the MSME SAK which are used by MSMEs fostered by Pojok Entrepreneur as a basis for decision making. The community service method used is the training and mentoring method. The training method is used by presenting material on the importance of preparing financial reports and simulations and discussions in making and preparing financial reports based on MSME SAK which are taken from the financial transactions of MSMEs. Meanwhile, the mentoring method is carried out by creating a WhatsApp group and conducting routine monitoring to evaluate the preparation of financial reports that have been carried out. The results of the community service that have been carried out are that there are still many MSMEs fostered by Pojok Entrepreneur who have not recorded daily financial transactions and stored proof of transactions, so that MSMEs still have difficulty in preparing financial reports. However, with this community service, MSMEs fostered by Pojok Entrepreneur have begun to prepare simple financial reports that can be used as a reference in decision making
Constrained Agency and the Structures of Educational Choice: Evidence From New York City
Authors: Shmoys Rebecca , McCormick Sierra , Ready Douglas
Published: February 2025

Many school districts consider family preferences in allocating students to schools. In theory, this approach provides disadvantaged families greater access to high-quality schools by weakening the link between residential location and school assignment. We leverage data on the school choices made by over 233,000 New York City families across a 4-year period to examine the extent to which the city’s school choice system fulfills this promise. Although families can apply to any school, oversubscribed and high-quality schools enroll smaller proportions of students from traditionally disadvantaged families. We explored three mechanisms to explain this inequitable distribution: application timing, the school matching structure, and neighborhood stratification. We find that all three mechanisms have a disequalizing influence and propose several potential policy solutions.
Middle Miocene Mediterranean mangroves and potential modern analogs
Authors: Rull Valentí , Casanovas-Vilar Isaac , Vicente Alba
Published: February 2025

During the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; 17–15 Ma), the northern boundary of mangroves – now situated at ~30° N – extended along the northern Mediterranean coasts (~45° N). These Avicennia-only mangroves have been considered impoverished mangroves controlled by the general latitudinal temperature gradient. The MCO Mediterranean mangroves have been compared with the extant Middle East (ME) mangroves around the Arabian Peninsula, characterized by the dominance of Avicennia and their low diversity. However, these extant communities are not a latitudinal feature but rather an anomaly shaped by extreme environmental conditions (aridity, hypersalinity, sediment supply) that only a few mangrove species can tolerate. In contrast, reconstructed environments for MCO Mediterranean mangroves indicate mild, rainy climates. We conclude that current ME mangroves cannot be considered modern analogs for the MCO Mediterranean mangroves. Finding such modern analogs is challenging, and further studies are recommended to uncover their ecological and biogeographical patterns.
Aligning science and practice in evaluations of cookstove carbon projects
Authors: Gould Carlos
Published: February 2025

Carbon markets are thought to be central to global climate strategies,1 but their scalability depends on the credibility of emissions reduction claims,2 a point that has recently faced scientific and public doubt.3,4 Carbon projects typically generate their own estimates of averted emissions to produce credits, a practice that introduces potential conflicts of interest and underscores the need for rigorous oversight. Focusing on cleaner cookstoves, we explore the difficulties in using academic studies as benchmarks for evaluations of carbon projects and highlight how methodological choices shape both evaluations and conclusions. Reexamining one influential study on cookstove carbon project overcrediting5, we show that under alternative assumptions consistent with the state of the science estimated overcrediting falls by half. While the overall sector still exhibits worrisome overcrediting, one-fifth of projects analyzed show no clear evidence of it. Enhanced collaboration between researchers and project developers, we argue, is essential for improving the accuracy of carbon market assessments and ensuring that these initiatives deliver genuine social and environmental benefits.
Joint Optimization of Large and Small Models for Surface Temperature and Emissivity Retrieval Using Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Dai Wang , Mao Kebiao , Guo Zhonghua , Qin Zhihao , shi Jiancheng , Bateni Sayed M. , Xiao Liurui
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence in domains such as natural language processing has catalyzed AI research across various fields. This study introduces a novel strategy, the AutoKeras-Knowledge Distillation (AK-KD), which integrates knowledge distillation technology for joint optimization of large and small models in the retrieval of surface temperature and emissivity using thermal infrared remote sensing. The approach addresses the challenges of limited accuracy in surface temperature retrieval by employing a high-performance large model developed through AutoKeras as the teacher model, which subsequently enhances a less accurate small model through knowledge distillation. The resultant student model is interactively integrated with the large model to further improve specificity and generalization capabilities. Theoretical derivations and practical applications validate that the AK-KD strategy significantly enhances the accuracy of temperature and emissivity retrieval. For instance, a large model trained with simulated ASTER data achieved a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.999 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.348K in surface temperature retrieval. In practical applications, this model demonstrated a PCC of 0.967 and an MAE of 0.685K. Although the large model exhibits high average accuracy, its precision in complex terrains is comparatively lower. To ameliorate this, the large model, serving as a teacher, enhances the small model's local accuracy. Specifically, in surface temperature retrieval, the small model's PCC improved from an average of 0.978 to 0.979, and the MAE decreased from 1.065K to 0.724K. In emissivity retrieval, the PCC rose from an average of 0.827 to 0.898, and the MAE reduced from 0.0076 to 0.0054. This research not only provides robust technological support for further development of thermal infrared remote sensing in temperature and emissivity retrieval but also offers important references and key technological insights for the universal model construction of other geophysical parameter retrievals.
Air quality impacts of the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires: Insights from public data sources
Authors: Schollaert Claire , Connolly Rachel , Cushing Lara , Jerrett Michael , Liu Tianjia , Marlier Miriam
Published: February 2025

Smoke from the Los Angeles wildfires that started on January 7, 2025 caused severe air quality impacts across the region. Government agencies released guidance on assessing personal risk, pointing to publicly available data platforms that present information from regulatory and low-cost monitoring networks. Additional satellite-based products provide useful supplementary information during dynamic wildfire smoke events. We evaluate the regional air quality impacts of the fires through publicly available fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations. Specifically, we analyze pollutant data from regulatory monitoring stations, PurpleAir sensors, the TEMPO and TROPOMI satellite sensors, and HMS Smoke Plumes during the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires. The most extreme air quality impacts were observed on January 8 and 9, particularly in the southern half of Los Angeles County. While smoke impacts were largely consistent across all evaluated data sources, differences in the spatial and temporal resolution of each product may affect interpretability for end users. This study underscores the importance of integrating multiple air quality data sources and improving accessibility to enhance public health messaging during wildfire events.
Free Radical and Ionic Polymerizations: PS and SBS Rubber
Authors: Sharma Niket , Liu Y. A.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the modeling of manufacturing processes for polystyrene (PS) and poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) rubber, emphasizing their industrial relevance and production challenges. Unlike traditional polyolefin-focused literature, which often excludes PS, we incorporate it due to its significant production volume and valuable properties such as high dimensional stability and rigidity. PS, primarily produced through free radical polymerization, presents unique modeling challenges, notably the formation of oligomers, a complex aspect rarely addressed in depth in existing literature. Additionally, the chapter examines the production of SBS rubber, a significant styrene-butadiene copolymer produced through ionic polymerization with living initiators, paralleling the precision of metallocene catalysts in polyolefins. Our approach combines free radical and ionic polymerization modeling, offering insights into process kinetics, component characterization, and polymer property prediction. This integrated modeling methodology enhances understanding of these commercially important polymers, contributing novel approaches for process optimization and production scalability.
Ziegler-Natta Polymerization: HDPE, PP, LLDPE and EPDM
Authors: Sharma Niket , Liu Y. A.
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents a novel approach to modeling the manufacturing processes of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) using Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts. By leveraging Aspen Polymers simulation software, the chapter introduces an innovative methodology for estimating kinetic parameters directly from plant data, enabling more accurate and optimized simulation models for commercial polyolefin processes. The chapter covers key aspects of ZN polymerization kinetics, such as catalyst site activation, chain propagation, transfer, inhibition, and deactivation, while offering a unique framework to model complex processes through reactor-specific considerations, molecular weight distributions, and thermodynamic modeling. A significant contribution is the integration of validated plant data with advanced simulation tools, offering new possibilities for process improvement and optimization. Through a series of hands-on workshops, the chapter showcases groundbreaking applications for simulating and optimizing HDPE, PP, LLDPE, and EPDM production, utilizing novel approaches such as slurry and gas-phase operations. This methodology introduces a transformative toolset for kinetic parameter estimation and process enhancement, positioning it as a pioneering resource for the next generation of polyolefin manufacturing advancements. This chapter deals with modeling of HDPE, PP, LLDPE and EPDM manufacturing processes using Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalyst. We use simulation software Aspen Polymers for this study. We deal with the methodology and procedure to model the ZN polymerization kinetics. We present an effective methodology for estimating the kinetic parameters based on plant data in the development of simulation and optimization models for commercial polyolefin processes using efficient software tools. We cover conceptual development, modeling methodology, illustrative examples and hands-on workshops. This is a preprint version of a chapter from our book-Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing [78,83] and also an extended version of our paper [3]. Please cite the original work if referenced
The Effect of Everyday Safety Behavior on Intolerance of Uncertainty and Indecisiveness
Authors: Hassan Mona , Appel Helmut
Published: February 2025

Background: Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for mental disorders. It also contributes to indecisiveness. IU-related safety behaviors (IUSB) may reinforce IU and associated constructs like indecisiveness. Two pre-registered experiments tested whether increasing IUSB would lead to higher increases in IU and more indecisiveness.Methods: In Study 1 (N = 99), participants were instructed to either engage in more IUSB for one week (Increase condition), or to merely report their unchanged IUSB ( control condition). Study 2 (N = 147) replicated the procedure, but with a decreased IUSB condition instead of the control condition. In both studies, IU was measured pre- and post-manipulation, and (state) indecisiveness was assessed post-manipulation referring to a realistic decision. Results: Regarding preregistered analyses alone, hypotheses were not supported. IU increased across both conditions in Study 1, while Study 2 showed a general decrease, independent of condition. Indecisiveness was unaffected by the manipulation. However, exploratory mediation analyses in both studies suggested that the condition with increased IUSB did result in more IU indirectly through IUSB. The manipulation check revealed that, although the most IUSB was always found in the intended (i.e., the Increase) condition, inducing more IUSB relative to baseline was unsuccessful. Conclusions: While the immediate effects of increasing IUSB on IU and indecisiveness were not supported, mediation findings provide preliminary evidence for a causal link between IUSB and IU. Future research should refine methods to better manipulate IUSB and further investigate its role in maintaining IU, which may have implications for IU-centered interventions.
The design of pointing
Authors: Cooperrider Kensy
Published: February 2025

Previous discussions of pointing have largely evaded a central question: How is an act of pointing even recognized as communicative in the first place? Here I argue—building on classic and recent work in pragmatics—that pointing is designed to deviate minimally from mere attending. This basic design is found throughout the diverse universe of human pointing¬—from the most familiar, conventional forms to the most exotic and ad hoc—and may even extend to cases of pointing in non-human animals. Further, I show that this framework lights up promising avenues for further research on the emergence of communicative forms on developmental, cultural, and evolutionary timescales.
AI as a Partner in Assessment: Generating Situational Judgment Tests with Large Language Models
Authors: Jiang Liming , Luo Fang , Tian Xuetao
Published: February 2025

Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) are important tools for evaluating individual abilities by presenting specific scenarios and assessing the responses. This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in developing SJTs, with emotional regulation as an example. We proposed and evaluated two approaches using ERNIE 4.0, an advanced Chinese LLM: generating new items from scratch (Approach 1) and adapting items from existing examples (Approach 2). The quality of generated items was assessed through expert evaluations and empirical testing with 93 psychology undergraduates and 184 participants from a general population pool. Results indicate that items generated by ERNIE 4.0, particularly new items from Approach 1, met or exceeded the quality of existing tests in both expert evaluations and empirical validations, while adapted items showed some limitations. This research demonstrates LLMs' potential for developing valid assessments, offering insights for future applications.
Dyslexia in Bilinguals: a PRISMA Systematic Review
Authors: Balboni Irene , Kepinska Olga , Berthele Raphael , Golestani Narly
Published: February 2025

Research on dyslexia and bilingualism has largely been conducted separately (Cline, 2000). This systematic review explores the interaction between bilingualism and dyslexia by summarising and synthesising studies that include bilingual dyslexic readers (DRs). The goal is to identify aspects of dyslexia that are independent of multilingual experience and to determine the most appropriate diagnostic tests for bilingual populations. We include 40 studies, categorised into three groups: studies involving only bilingual dyslexic and typical readers (TRs), studies comparing monolingual and bilingual DRs and TRs, and studies predicting poor reading in bilingual populations. Our findings indicate that rapid naming and reading impairments remain prevalent in bilingual dyslexic populations. Phonological awareness, a common deficit in dyslexia, appears to be less impaired in bilingual readers. Notably, language experience is associated with more differences in DRs than TRs, suggesting that bilingualism may interact with relevant skills more markedly in dyslexic than in typically reading individuals. In predictive studies, the high variability across studies does not allow for evidence-based recommendations for reliable diagnostic measures. Future research should focus on clearly defining the language profiles of participants and should ensure that assessments account for linguistic experience in the language of testing. Additionally, evaluations should adopt a more comprehensive and individualised approach to accurately assess bilingual readers.
Digital parenting in the 21st century: Development and validation of a new digital parenting scale
Authors: Ferguson Amanda M , Richards Matthew , Gunschera Lukas J. , Mutak Augustin , Goldberg Rachel , Modecki Kathryn , Orben Amy
Published: February 2025

Around the world, adolescents are more digitally connected than ever, and access to digital devices has become a lightning rod of conflict in many homes. To date, research on best practices in digital parenting has been hampered by the absence of a well validated measure that reflects the realities of parenting in the contemporary digital age. Here, we developed a digital parenting scale across three separate samples (N = 1,050). The digital parenting scale (DPS) was shown to be a reliable and valid measure of six distinct types of digital parenting strategies, aligning with six analytic factors: regulation (i.e., using rules and restriction to regulate adolescent use of technology), boundary negotiation (i.e., balancing adolescent and parent needs and goals with respect to adolescent technology use), co-use (i.e., parents and adolescents using digital devices together), mediation (i.e., teaching and offering guidance related to safe use of technology), monitoring by proxy (i.e., using friends and family to monitor adolescent technology use), and technological monitoring (i.e., using technology to assist parents in monitoring adolescent technology use). We found broad associations between each of the six factors of the digital parenting scale and well-established measures of general parenting practices, suggesting that digital parenting is an extension of one’s general parenting strategies.
Transcranial direct current stimulation over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex improves anger regulation in intoxicated individuals high in trait anger
Authors: Summerell Elizabeth , Bradley Julia , Thalody Kavya , Ford Kirsten , Gilam Gadi , Riva Paolo , Denson Thomas F
Published: February 2025

Poor anger regulation is a risk factor for alcohol-related aggression. Acute alcoholconsumption reduces one’s ability to regulate anger by altering prefrontal cortical activity andsubsequent self-regulation. Past research suggests that brief stimulation of prefrontal corticalregions implicated in emotion regulation can reduce anger in sober individuals. Here, weinvestigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation over the right ventrolateralprefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) would reduce anger in intoxicated (vs sober) participantsfollowing instructed emotion regulation. Two-hundred healthy participants consumed alcoholor no drink and received transcranial direct current stimulation or sham stimulation over therVLPFC. During stimulation, participants engaged in cognitive reappraisal, distraction, andrumination to regulate recalled anger. As predicted, anger was lowest after engaging indistraction, followed by cognitive reappraisal, and greatest after engaging in rumination.Contrary to our predictions, we did not observe any main effects of alcohol, stimulation, ortheir interaction. However, exploratory analyses revealed anger following rumination wassignificantly reduced for intoxicated participants high in trait anger who received anodalstimulation, compared to sham stimulation. Alcohol also increased anger in people prone toangry rumination. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and refine the optimaltDCS parameters for effective intervention to improve anger regulation.
Knowledge Management Initiative Framework for Higher Education Institutions: Nepalese Experiences
Authors: Shrestha Prakash , Chhetri Guna Raj
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to develop a knowledge management (KM) initiative framework for Nepalese higher educational institutions (HEIs). It takes into account both a descriptive and analytical approach. This study is based on a questionnaire survey of 105 Nepalese authorities and academicians from 21 HEIs. The findings indicate that the core functions of KM initiatives are the teaching-learning atmosphere, research works and projects, the use of modern technology, and the use of knowledge-based systems. Inappropriate institutional culture, lack of knowledge sharing practice, lack of use of contemporary technology, reuse of old knowledge, traditional technique of KM, reluctant to change an existing habit, lack of institutional efforts to create knowledge, poor motivation and enhancement practice for creating and utilizing knowledge, insufficient capture of process and legacy knowledge, and lack of funding for classroom preparation, library management, laboratories, and information technology are key the challenges. Knowledge flow and transfer, resource persons, and their expertise, consideration of the knowledge needed by stakeholders, making the understanding visible, the institutionalization of KM-related policy, and investment in infrastructure development are the fundamentals for implementing KM initiatives in HEIs of Nepal.
Cybersecurity Awareness amongst University Students: Legal Remedies and Policies to Mitigate Risks
Authors: Bhandari Bhuwan
Published: February 2025

This article examines digital threats, learning safe online practices, and identifying available legal remedies. As technology advances more quickly, Nepal is becoming more vulnerable to ransomware, phishing scams, data breaches, and other forms of online crime. The word 'cyber' pertains to the tech environment encompassing networks, software, systems, and data. while security involves safeguarding all these cyber aspects. The data was gathered through multilingual online questionnaire format administered to university students from Undergraduate to M.Phil.-Ph.D. levels. The target sample size is 65 students who were enrolled in the previous academic session in 2023. Through surveys, we assess students' knowledge of cybersecurity measures and their responsiveness to common threats. A closed-ended questionnaire is a key tool to collect quantitative data and employ statistical methods to analyze it. The findings of This survey reveals significant gaps in cybersecurity awareness among students. Notably, 67.2% of respondents were familiar with the term 'hacking,' while only 46.9% showed awareness of Nepal's cybersecurity legal framework. This suggests a critical lack of understanding regarding basic legal protections and risk mitigation practices. However, this study suggests multi-faceted approaches such as legal education, practical cybersecurity training, curriculum designing, and institutional policies to safeguard students' digital interactions. This mini-survey aims to educate students about cyber challenges and protect them from accessing harmful digital platforms. It is supported by the National Cyber Security Policy 2023, which addresses key cybersecurity issues and vulnerabilities.
Foreign Policy of Nepal: Strategic Approach to Sovereignty
Authors: Bastola Sabina
Published: February 2025

How do small states maintain their sovereignty in a world dominated by large powers? This question raises another critical issue: Are states, particularly small states, truly sovereign? The strategic strengths of small states are often overshadowed by their inherent vulnerabilities. The objective of the study is to explore Nepal’s foreign policy as a strategic approach to safeguarding sovereignty amid geopolitical dynamics. This article also delves into theories of international relations relating to the foreign policy of Nepal and also reflects on the evolution of foreign policy from the era of Prithvi Narayan Shah to the present. Methodologically, the research relies on qualitative methods based on secondary data sources, including a comprehensive review of articles, books, journals, and reports. The qualitative approach allows for an in-depth understanding of Nepal's foreign policy along with context and interpretation through theoretical approaches. The research aims to bridge the gap in literature regarding the significance of foreign policy to maintain sovereignty and independence in the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics. Nepal maintains her sovereignty and avoids being drawn into power struggles that could threaten her security. Nepal’s Foreign Policy-2077 reflects her commitment to defending sovereignty and ensuring national security amid evolving geopolitical challenges. Nepal can balance its relationship with both neighbors without being fully dependent on one, ensuring greater political autonomy. Nepal has always been following a non-alignment policy, but the shifting geopolitical dynamics might require a robust strategy, such as hedging. This article argues that Nepal’s foreign policy aims to promote and protect her national interests and concludes by emphasizing a new strategic approach, i.e., hedging to assert sovereignty.
Opportunities and Threats of Borderless Cultural Nationalism in National Security and Development of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Rishiram
Published: February 2025

Globalization, technological advancement, and mass migration change the concept of nationalism. Cultural nationalism creates both opportunities and threats to national security and development. Cultural nationalism, characterized by the sharing of cultural and religious values, is often depicted as surpassing national boundaries. In this light, relationships between Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bhutan can be related to cultural nationalism because the people of these nations share the same culture and religion; however, they live in different nations. On the other hand, sharing common cultural and religious values helps these South Asian nations establish mutual understanding among nations at both the official and public levels. However, criminal activities also happened in the veil of culture, creating challenges on development and national security that Nepal has been facing for a long time. In this context, the study focused on the threat of borderless cultural nationalism. The main objective of this study is to analyze how borderless cultural nationalism affected maintaining national security and terrestrial unity in small nations like Nepal. The study followed a qualitative research design and used document analysis and in-depth interviews as data collection tools. The documents related to cultural nationalism were used as a source of secondary data. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews. It is found that cultural nationalism creates both opportunities and threats to nation-building side by side, so strong and well-equipped security management and expertise-based diplomacy are needed to minimize the threats of cultural nationalism and develop its role in nation-building.
राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षामा समुदायको भूमिका
Authors: रानाभाट गौतम
Published: February 2025

नेपालको इतिहासमा राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षाका सन्दर्भमा समुदायको भूमिका प्राचीनकालदेखि महत्वपूर्ण रहेको पाइन्छ । जुन समय चलनचल्तीमा रहेका धर्मशास्त्रका स्तुति, श्लोक, ऋचालगायतका मूल्य–मान्यता र आस्थालाई कानुन मानेर जनमुखी व्यवस्था कायम भएको देखिन्छ । राज्य जनतालाई सुखी र सम्पन्न बनाउने इरादाले शासन, न्याय एवम् अधिकार दिने परम्परानुसार अगाडि बढेकाले राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षालाई खल्बल्याउन सक्ने आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य आक्रमण रोक्न हिजो र आजको समुदायले पुर्‍याएको योगदानको खोजी गर्नु आलेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । अनुसन्धानको पूर्णताका लागि विषयवस्तुको प्राथमिक स्रोत समुदायलाई मानेर राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षाबारेका लेखन, अध्ययन–अनुसन्धान, विश्लेषणलाई द्वितीय स्रोत सामग्रीका रूपमा लिएर पुस्तकालयमा उपलब्ध अध्ययन सामग्रीलाई सामग्री सङ्कलनको स्रोत मानिएको छ । विद्वान्का चिन्तन एवम् दृष्टिकोणलाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार बनाई गुणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको आलेख सूक्ष्म पठन तथा विश्लेषणात्मक ढाँचामा अनुबन्धित छ । राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षामा समुदायको भूमिकाबारे प्राज्ञिक अनुसन्धान प्रयाप्त नभएकाले त्यसको पुष्टि हुँदा सरोकारवालालाई पृष्ठपोषणका साथै मार्गदर्शन हुने देखिएबाट आलेखको औचित्यसहितको महत्व स्पष्ट हुन्छ । समुदाय क्रान्ति र शान्ति चेतनासहित मार्गदर्शक बनेर विविध आयाममा राष्ट्र तथा राष्ट्रियताको पहिचान जाज्वल्यमान बनाउन लागिरहेको अनुसन्धानबाट देखिएका तथ्य  हुन् । अन्धकारबाट उज्यालोतर्फ, दमनबाट स्वतन्त्रतातर्फ डोर्‍याउन सक्ने समुदायको शक्ति अजेय हुने भएकाले समुदायले हिजो निभाएका तथा भोलि पुर्‍याउन सक्ने सामथ्र्य एवम् सीमाको अन्तचक्षु नै अनुसन्धानको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
'सफा हिमाल अभियान'मा नेपाली सेनाको भूमिका
Authors: बस्नेत गजेन्द्र बहादुर
Published: February 2025

हिमालयको देश भनेर विश्वमै परिचित नेपालमा सर्वोच्च शिखर सगरमाथाका साथै आठ हजार मिटरभन्दा अग्ला आठ र छ हजारमाथिका १ हजार ३१० हिमाल छन् । यी हिमालमा सन् १९५० को दशकदेखि आरोहण सुरु भए यता क्रमिक रुपमा फोहोर थुप्रिदै जाँदा प्राकृतिक सुन्दरता बिग्रन थालेको छ । पर्यावरणको दृष्टिले संवेदनशील हिमालमा थुप्रिएको फोहोरको असर कम गर्न र सुन्दर हिमाललाई सुन्दर नै राखिराख्न सरकारले सन् २०१९ देखि ‘सफा हिमाल अभियान’ सुरु गर्‍यो । नेपाली सेनाको नेतृत्व र विभिन्न सरकारी, गैरसरकारी संघ संस्थाहरुसँगको सहकार्यमा थालिएको अभियानको पाँचौ“ संस्करण सकिँदासम्म १ लाख १९ हजार ५६ के.जी. फोहोर, १४ वटा मानव शव तथा केही अस्थिपञ्जर सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । अभियानका दौरान सेनाको योगदानलाई अझै कसरी परिष्कृत बनाउन सकिन्छ भन्ने अनुसन्धान गर्न यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । प्राथमिक र द्वितीय स्रोतबाट संकलित तथ्याङ्कलाई विश्लेषण गरी तयार पारिएको यो लेख वर्णनात्मक, तुलनात्मक र गुणात्मक विश्लेषण शैलीमा आधारित छ । विभिन्न राष्ट्रिय, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रकाशन, सेना तथा अन्य सरकारी निकायका सामग्री/दस्तावेज र प्रत्यक्ष कुराकानीका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यसमा ‘सफा हिमाल अभियान’को इतिहास, अभियानमा  सेनाले सम्पादन गरेका कार्यहरुको समीक्षा, हिमालको अवस्था, जलवायु तथा पर्यावरणीय असर, पर्यटनमा पार्ने प्रभावहरु समेटिएका छन् । सेनाको तालिमप्राप्त जनशक्ति र कुशल कार्यक्षमताकै कारण कठिन क्षेत्रबाट पनि फोहोर तथा शव संकलन र अभियानमा अपनाइएको संयुक्त व्यवस्थापनको मोडल सबल पक्ष देखिन्छ भने ‘पर्यटन उद्योग सेवा प्रवाह निर्देशिका २०७०’मा तोकिए अनुसार फोहोरको मुहान नियन्त्रण हुन नसक्नु कमजोर पक्ष देखिन्छ । सेनाको कुशल व्यवस्थापनका कारण अभियानपछि हिमाल सफाइमा केही हदसम्म टेवा पुगेको छ । तर फोहोरको मुहान खुल्ला राखेर गरिने सफाइले दीर्घकालीन रुपमा फोहोर व्यवस्थापन गर्न कठिन देखिन्छ ।