bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substructure damage identification based on wavelet-domain response reconstruction
Authors: Li Jun , Hao Hong
Published: May 2014

This article presents experimental verification on damage identification of a substructure using a wavelet-domain response reconstruction technique. The response reconstruction is based on the unit impulse response function in the wavelet domain to form a transformation matrix between two different sets of time-domain response vectors. The initial finite element model updating is performed to achieve an accurate model in the intact stage as a baseline, and measured acceleration responses from the damaged substructure are used for the damage identification. Substructure damage identification is conducted by minimizing the discrepancy between a measured response vector and the reconstructed one. A dynamic response sensitivity-based model updating method is used for the identification of the target substructure. Local damage is identified as a change in the elemental stiffness factors. The adaptive Tikhonov regularization technique is adopted to improve the identification results with measured responses including measurement and environmental noises in laboratory. Experimental studies on a 7-storey plane frame structure are conducted to investigate the accuracy of the presented response reconstruction technique and the performance of substructure damage identification approach. Good response reconstruction accuracy is obtained with the baseline model, and the introduced damages in the substructure can be identified effectively. The damage locations are identified correctly with a close estimation of damage extents.
Pretibial Myxedema
Authors: Kim Whan B. , Mistry Nisha , Alavi Afsaneh , Sibbald Cathryn , Sibbald Ronald G.
Published: May 2014

Pretibial myxedema (PM) is a rare autoimmune manifestation of Graves’ disease, which commonly presents as diffuse, nonpitting edema of shins and less often as plaques, nodules, or elephantiasis lesions mimicking lymphedema. We present a 57-year-old woman with 12-month history of PM, which occurred a year after treatment of Graves’ disease and improved with topical corticosteroids, support stockings, and intralesional steroid injections until recurrence with local erythema and woody edema. A literature review was undertaken of the evidence-based treatment modalities for symptomatic PM: although commonly asymptomatic and self-limited, severe cases of PM may be treated with topical corticosteroid, compressive therapy, and intralesional corticosteroid injections.
Perceptions of recovery and prognosis from long-term conditions: The relevance of hope and imagined futures
Authors: Brooks Helen L , Rogers Anne , Sanders Caroline , Pilgrim David
Published: May 2014

Objective

Analyses of the experiences of chronic conditions demonstrate the importance of moral worth and social meaning linked to undertaking self-management practices. Rather less attention has been paid to the contemplation and significance of adopting, embedding and continuing with established practices overtime. This study explored perceptions about recovery and prognosis from the point of view of people with long-term physical health conditions and compared these findings with the mental health literature.

Methods

A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted incorporating semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Thirty-two participants identified as having a chronic long-term physical health condition such as heart disease and diabetes were included in the study.

Results

In line with the notions of recovery in the mental health field, respondents viewed recovery as a complex journey related to the ability to undertake things of value in everyday life. However, there were differences in relation to reflections on trajectories and imagined futures centred on physical health.

Discussion

These findings are discussed in the context of literature from the mental and physical health fields and recent health policies for those with long-term conditions. The study adds to existing literature by examining the similarities and differences in the experience of chronic physical and mental health conditions.
Guests’ Reactions to In-Room Sustainability Initiatives
Authors: Susskind Alex M.
Published: May 2014

Subtle energy saving changes in guest rooms did not diminish satisfaction, based on a study of 192 guests at an independent four-star hotel. Two changes were tested, a television with three energy settings and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the standard compact fluorescent lightings (CFLs). While overall satisfaction was not affected by these changes, some guests, notably those with high incomes, did react to the energy saving settings. Contrary to some studies, 45 percent of the guests agreed that they would pay a higher room rate to support sustainability programs. On balance, this study indicates that hotels can gain cost savings and improved sustainability by implementing judicious energy saving approaches without harming guest satisfaction. This article is based on a paper presented at the 2013 Quality in Service Conference (QUIS 13), in Karlstad, Sweden.
Protection of Cu components with Mg and Al coatings deposited by pack cementation
Authors: Stathokostopoulos D. , Chaliampalias D. , Pavlidou E. , Chrissafis K. , Stergioudis G. , Patsalas P. , Vourlias G.
Published: May 2014

The growth of Mg and Al coatings on copper by pack cementation is examined in this work by investigating the mechanism of the process, the effect of temperature and heating time on the coating structure. The experiments were undertaken at temperatures ranging from 550 to 600°C, while the duration of the process varied from 30 min to 3 h. It was found that the magnesium coatings consist of two phases corresponding to MgCu2 and CuMg2. These phases appeared as distinguished layers or mixed with each other, depending on the deposition temperature and duration. On the other hand, the aluminium coatings consist of a single Al4Cu9 phase whose thickness increases with deposition time and temperature. Finally, the oxidation resistance was also evaluated by thermogravimetric measurements, which revealed that the coated samples have superior resistance to bare copper, while Al coated coupons had the best performance when exposed in high temperature environment.
Influence of imidazole and benzotriazole on electroless copper plating
Authors: Balaramesh P. , Venkatesh P. , Rekha S.
Published: May 2014

In this study, the effect of imidazole and benzotriazole as primary stabilisers in saccharose and xylitol based copper electroless baths were studied. Copper methane sulphate was used as the complexing agent instead of copper sulphate and para formaldehyde was used as the reducing agent in the bath. The surface morphologies of copper deposits were characterised by SEM, AFM and XRD studies. The electrochemical characteristics were studied by cyclic voltametry to understand the role of the stabilisers in electroless deposition. In the saccharose bath, the imidazole and benzotriazole acted as inhibitors and best deposition was obtained at pH of 12·75. Benzotriazole afforded smoother and shiner deposits than imidazole. In xylitol bath, the stabilizers acted as accelerators and optimum deposition occurred at a pH of 13·25.
Transcriptional and epigenetic basis for restoration of G6PD enzymatic activity in human G6PD-deficient cells
Authors: Makarona Kalliopi , Caputo Valentina S. , Costa Joana R. , Liu Binbin , O’Connor David , Iskander Deena , Roper David , Robertson Lynn , Bhatnagar Neha , Terpos Evangelos , Georgiou Elisabeth , Papaioannou Maria , Layton D. Mark , Luzzatto Lucio , Roberts Irene , Karadimitris Anastasios
Published: May 2014

Key Points

Increase in HDAC binding is required for HDAC inhibitors to enhance gene transcription. G6PD deficiency in erythroid precursors can be restored by HDAC inhibitor-mediated increased transcription of the variant gene.
A note on norm inequalities for positive operators
Authors: Huang Jiewu , Peng Yang , Zou Limin
Published: May 2014

In this short note, we present a generalization of a norm inequality due to Bhatia and Kittaneh (Lett. Math. Phys. 43:225-231, 1998), which is also a refinement and a generalization of a result obtained by Kittaneh (Commun. Math. Phys. 104:307-310, 1986).

MSC:15A42, 47A63.
One-stage dorsal inlay oral mucosa graft urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture
Authors: Liu Yidong , Zhuang Likai , Ye Weijing , Ping Ping , Wu Ming
Published: May 2014

Background

Anterior urethral stricture remains a great challenge. We reported our clinical technique and results by using inlay dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for repair of anterior urethral stricture.

Methods

From January 2005 to July 2008, 87 male patients (range from 9 to 72 years old) with anterior urethral stricture have been treated by one-stage dorsal inlay oral mucosal graft (OMG) urethroplasty. All patients gave written informed consent for their participation. All patients showed that urethral plate had been either scarred or removed previously. In our surgery, the urethra was dissected dorsally and scar of the urethral plate was removed. The remnant urethral plate was split at midline and a buccal mucosa patch was inserted between the two parts. Neourethra was tubularized and covered with dartos flap. The pre-operative assessments included clinical data, urine analysis, uroflowmetry, retrograde and voiding cystogram, urethral ultrasonography and endoscopy. Postoperatively, the flow rate and void residual volume were analyzed by uroflowmetry and sonography. Any further instrumentation to assist voiding was considered as failure.

Results

After 12 to 48 months (mean: 25.8 months), 78 patients (89.66%) have shown good results by the one-stage urethroplasty. However, 9 patients (10.3%) required further treatment due to recurrence, while 6 patients (6.9%) had fistula.

Conclusions

This one-stage dorsal inlay approach using dorsal oral mucosal grafts is a reliable method to create a substitute urethral plate for tubularization. This approach represents a safe option for anterior urethral stricture patients especially with grossly scarred urethral plate.
Effects of High-concentration contrast material and low-voltage CT on contrast for multiphasic CT of the upper abdomen: comparison using the simulation with virtual monochromatic imaging obtained by fast-switch kVp dual-energy CT
Authors: Sakane Makoto , Kim Tonsok , Hori Masatoshi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Nakamoto Atsushi , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: May 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-concentration contrast material and low-voltage CT simulated by virtual monochromatic (VM) imaging on contrast enhancement at multiphasic CT of the upper abdomen.

Methods

This study included 72 patients who underwent CT during early arterial (EAP), late arterial and portal venous phases after 300-mgI/ml (Group A; 34 patients) or 350-mg/ml (Group B; 38 patients) contrast-material injection at the same volumetric rate (0.067 mL/sec/kg). VM images were generated at 50 and 65 keV. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of aorta, portal vein, and liver parenchyma were calculated and statistically compared.

Results

Mean CNRs for 50-keV VM images were significantly higher than 65-keV VM images of each organ at any phases (p < 0.05), except for hepatic parenchyma in EAP. Aortic CNRs in EAP on 65- and 50-keV images of Group B were significantly higher than Group A (p <0.05, respectively). Aortic CNR on 50-keV images of Group A and on 65-keV images of Group B were 11% and 21% higher than 65-keV images of Group A, respectively.

Conclusions

Low-voltage CT simulated by VM image improved contrast enhancement through any phases, while high-concentration contrast material increased only arterial contrast in EAP more effectively.
Network analysis identifies protein clusters of functional importance in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Stevens Adam , Meyer Stefan , Hanson Daniel , Clayton Peter , Donn Rachelle
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Our objective was to utilise network analysis to identify protein clusters of greatest potential functional relevance in the pathogenesis of oligoarticular and rheumatoid factor negative (RF-ve) polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

JIA genetic association data were used to build an interactome network model in BioGRID 3.2.99. The top 10% of this protein:protein JIA Interactome was used to generate a minimal essential network (MEN). Reactome FI Cytoscape 2.83 Plugin and the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (Dapple) algorithm were used to assess the functionality of the biological pathways within the MEN and to statistically rank the proteins. JIA gene expression data were integrated with the MEN and clusters of functionally important proteins derived using MCODE.

Results

A JIA interactome of 2,479 proteins was built from 348 JIA associated genes. The MEN, representing the most functionally related components of the network, comprised of seven clusters, with distinct functional characteristics. Four gene expression datasets from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), neutrophils and synovial fluid monocytes, were mapped onto the MEN and a list of genes enriched for functional significance identified. This analysis revealed the genes of greatest potential functional importance to be PTPN2 and STAT1 for oligoarticular JIA and KSR1 for RF-ve polyarticular JIA. Clusters of 23 and 14 related proteins were derived for oligoarticular and RF-ve polyarticular JIA respectively.

Conclusions

This first report of the application of network biology to JIA, integrating genetic association findings and gene expression data, has prioritised protein clusters for functional validation and identified new pathways for targeted pharmacological intervention.
Cities with camera-equipped taxicabs experience reduced taxicab driver homicide rates: United States, 1996–2010
Authors: Chaumont Menéndez Cammie , Amandus Harlan , Damadi Parisa , Wu Nan , Konda Srinivas , Hendricks Scott
Published: May 2014

Background

Driving a taxicab remains one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States, with leading homicide rates. Although safety equipment designed to reduce robberies exists, it is not clear what effect it has on reducing taxicab driver homicides.

Findings

Taxicab driver homicide crime reports for 1996 through 2010 were collected from 20 of the largest cities (>200,000) in the United States: 7 cities with cameras installed in cabs, 6 cities with partitions installed, and 7 cities with neither cameras nor partitions. Poisson regression modeling using generalized estimating equations provided city taxicab driver homicide rates while accounting for serial correlation and clustering of data within cities. Two separate models were constructed to compare (1) cities with cameras installed in taxicabs versus cities with neither cameras nor partitions and (2) cities with partitions installed in taxicabs versus cities with neither cameras nor partitions. Cities with cameras installed in cabs experienced a significant reduction in homicides after cameras were installed (adjRR = 0.11, CL 0.06-0.24) and compared to cities with neither cameras nor partitions (adjRR = 0.32, CL 0.15-0.67). Cities with partitions installed in taxicabs experienced a reduction in homicides (adjRR = 0.78, CL 0.41-1.47) compared to cities with neither cameras nor partitions, but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The findings suggest cameras installed in taxicabs are highly effective in reducing homicides among taxicab drivers. Although not statistically significant, the findings suggest partitions installed in taxicabs may be effective.
A reduction in Npas4 expression results in delayed neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Klaric Thomas S , Thomas Paul Q , Dottori Mirella , Leong Wai Khay , Koblar Simon A , Lewis Martin D
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Npas4 is a calcium-dependent transcription factor expressed within neurons of the brain where it regulates the expression of several genes that are important for neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. It is known that in the adult brain Npas4 plays an important role in several key aspects of neurobiology including inhibitory synapse formation, neuroprotection and memory, yet very little is known about the role of Npas4 during neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and function of Npas4 during nervous system development by using a combination of in vivo experiments in the developing mouse embryo and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as an in vitro model of the early stages of embryogenesis.

Methods

Two different neural differentiation paradigms were used to investigate Npas4 expression during neurodevelopment in vitro; adherent monolayer differentiation of mouse ESCs in N2B27 medium and Noggin-induced differentiation of human ESCs. This work was complemented by direct analysis of Npas4 expression in the mouse embryo. The function of Npas4 in the context of neurodevelopment was investigated using loss-of-function experiments in vitro. We created several mouse ESC lines in which Npas4 expression was reduced during neural differentiation through RNA interference and we then analyzed the ability of these Npas4 knockdown mouse ESCs lines to undergo neural differentiation.

Results

We found that while Npas4 is not expressed in undifferentiated ESCs, it becomes transiently up-regulated during neural differentiation of both mouse and human ESCs at a stage of differentiation that is characterized by proliferation of neural progenitor cells. This was corroborated by analysis of Npas4 expression in the mouse embryo where the Npas4 transcript was detected specifically in the developing forebrain beginning at embryonic day 9.5. Finally, knockdown of Npas4 expression in mouse ESCs undergoing neural differentiation affected their ability to differentiate appropriately, resulting in delayed neural differentiation.

Conclusions

Here we provide the first evidence that Npas4 is expressed during embryonic development and that it may have a developmental role that is unrelated to its function in the adult brain.
Attenuation estimation using sweep signals in ultrasonic laboratory measurements
Authors: Matsushima Jun , Suzuki Makoto , Matsugi Ippei , Kato Yoshibumi , Rokugawa Shuichi
Published: May 2014

It is important to obtain reliable attenuation results from experimental data to elucidate the physical mechanism responsible for ultrasonic wave attenuation. For attenuation estimation, a time window is often used to compute the frequencies of the direct-arrival waveforms. However, the effect of windowing distorts the spectral distribution due to a spectral leakage effect, degrading the attenuation estimates. We propose a method that enables accurate measurement of ultrasonic attenuation using sweep signals under the assumptions that velocity dispersion can be ignored and the quality factor [Formula: see text] is not dependent on frequency. We obtained the spectral amplitude of the sweep signal in the frequency-time domain using the continuous wavelet transform and estimated attenuation in the time-scale spectrum domain using the spectral-ratio method. This method is independent of the effect of windowing, whereas the windowing effect underestimates the attenuation results. In the absence of noise, the estimated attenuation results using sweep signals are in perfect agreement with the given input values, and the accuracy of the estimated attenuation results from windowed pulse waveforms depends on the extraction window length. However, our numerical experiments demonstrated that the proposed method is largely influenced by the existence of overlapping sweep events such as multiple reflections between the source and receiver transducer. Thus, applicability of the proposed method is limited to highly attenuative media, in which overlapping events are much smaller than direct sweep signals because these multiple reflected events are largely attenuated. Application of the proposed method to laboratory experimental data yielded similar underestimation of the attenuation results due to the windowing effect in the case of highly attenuative media. We also evaluated the usefulness of observing compressed pulse waveforms with shorter duration from the crosscorrelation of sweep waveforms than the case of pulse generation.
An experimental study on azimuthal reception characteristics of acoustic well-logging transducers based on phased-arc arrays
Authors: Che Xiaohua , Qiao Wenxiao , Ju Xiaodong , Lu Junqiang , Wu Jinping
Published: May 2014

New technologies and methodologies of acoustic logging must be developed to facilitate the exploration and development of heterogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs. Thus, design, fabrication, and performance testing of new transducers have drawn considerable attention. We evaluated a new type of acoustic receiver based on the phased-arc array. An acoustic phased-arc array receiver is composed of numerous piezoelectric elements uniformly distributed on a circumference. Several adjacent elements form a phased-arc subarray. Phased-arc subarrays can output several waveform traces, which comprise the waveforms of azimuthal reception. The directivity of the element and phased-arc subarray is crucial to azimuthal reception of the receiver. Related experiments were done to verify the performance of the transducer. Test results revealed that the angle width of the main lobe of a phased-arc subarray was substantially narrower than that of any single element of the phased-arc array, and the amplitude difference corresponding to the incident direction measured by the phased-arc array was more obvious than that by independent elements. The direction of incident acoustic waves to the receiver was easily determined with the signal amplitudes of the phased-arc subarrays. The direction of the incident waves determined by subarray was in accordance with the real direction of the incident waves and better than that by independent elements. The advantages of azimuthal reception would significantly improve the azimuthal resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of acoustic logging data. Azimuthal reception may be also important for evaluation of anisotropy and circumferential heterogeneity.
Simultaneous dictionary learning and denoising for seismic data
Authors: Beckouche Simon , Ma Jianwei
Published: May 2014

We evaluated a dictionary learning (DL) method for seismic-data denoising. The data were divided into smaller patches, and a dictionary of patch-size atoms was learned. The DL method offers a more flexible framework to adaptively construct sparse data representation according to the seismic data themselves. The representation being learned from the data, did not rely on a guess of the data morphology like standard wavelet or curvelet transforms. The method could learn a dictionary and denoise seismic data, whether simultaneously or in two distinctive steps. Empirical study on field data showed promising denoising performance of the presented method in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and weak-feature preservation, in comparison with wavelets, curvelets, anisotropic total variation, and nonlocal total variation.
Inversion-based detection of bed boundaries for petrophysical evaluation with well logs: Applications to carbonate and organic-shale formations
Authors: Heidari Zoya , Torres-Verdín Carlos
Published: May 2014

Petrophysical interpretation of well logs acquired in organic shales and carbonates is challenging because of the presence of thin beds and spatially complex lithology; conventional interpretation techniques often fail in such cases. Recently introduced methods for thin-bed interpretation enable corrections for shoulder-bed effects on well logs but remain sensitive to incorrectly picked bed boundaries. We introduce a new inversion-based method to detect bed boundaries and to estimate petrophysical and compositional properties of multilayer formations from conventional well logs in the presence of thin beds, complex lithology/fluids, and kerogen. Bed boundaries and bed properties are updated in two serial inversion loops. Numerical simulation of well logs within both inversion loops explicitly takes into account differences in the volume of investigation of all well logs involved in the estimation, thereby enabling corrections for shoulder-bed effects. The successful application of the new interpretation method is documented with synthetic cases and field data acquired in thinly bedded carbonates and in the Haynesville shale-gas formation. Estimates of petrophysical/compositional properties obtained with the new interpretation method were compared to those obtained with (1) nonlinear inversion of well logs with inaccurate bed boundaries, (2) depth-by-depth inversion of well logs, and (3) core/x-ray diffraction measurements. Results indicated that the new method improves the estimation of porosity of thin beds by more than 200% in the carbonate field example and by more than 40% in the shale-gas example, compared to depth-by-depth interpretation results obtained with commercial software. This improvement in the assessment of petrophysical/compositional properties reduces uncertainty in hydrocarbon reserves and aids in the selection of hydraulic fracture locations in organic shale.
Modular forms of half-integral weights on SL(2, ℤ)
Authors: Yang Yifan
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we prove that, for an integer r with (r, 6) = 1 and 0 < r < 24 and a nonnegative even integer s, the set

is isomorphic to

as Hecke modules under the Shimura correspondence. Here Ms(1) denotes the space of modular forms of weight is the space of newforms of weight 2k on Γ0 (6) that are eigenfunctions with eigenvalues €2 and €3 for Atkin-Lehner involutions W2 and W3, respectively, and the notation ⊕(12/.) means the twist by the quadratic character (12/-). There is also an analogous result for the cases (r, 6) = 3.
Synthesis of Conjugated Oligonucleotide in Solution Phase Using Alkyl-chain-soluble Support
Authors: Shoji Takao , Kim Shokaku , Chiba Kazuhiro
Published: May 2014

Conjugated oligonucleotides attract interest from various areas such as medicine and nanotechnology. Common synthetic methods, however, rely on heterogeneous coupling strategies that often give low yield. This report describes a new synthetic strategy for conjugated oligonucleotides using an alkyl-chain-soluble support, which allows high-yielding conjugation with various reporter molecules in homogeneous environment. Furthermore, we demonstrated efficient biconjugation due to successive introduction of thiol and amine into one linker.
Benders Decomposition, Branch-and-Cut, and Hybrid Algorithms for the Minimum Connected Dominating Set Problem
Authors: Gendron Bernard , Lucena Abilio , da Cunha Alexandre Salles , Simonetti Luidi
Published: May 2014

We present exact algorithms for solving the minimum connected dominating set problem in an undirected graph. The algorithms are based on two approaches: a Benders decomposition algorithm and a branch-and-cut method. We also develop a hybrid algorithm that combines these two approaches. Two variants of each of the three resulting algorithms are considered: a stand-alone version and an iterative probing variant. The latter variant is based on a simple property of the problem, which states that if no connected dominating set of a given cardinality exists, then there are no connected dominating sets of lower cardinality. We present computational results on a large set of instances from the literature.
Strategic Customers in a Transportation Station: When Is It Optimal to Wait?
Authors: Manou Athanasia , Economou Antonis , Karaesmen Fikri
Published: May 2014

We consider a transportation station, where customers arrive according to a Poisson process. A transportation facility visits the station according to a renewal process and serves at each visit a random number of customers according to its capacity. We assume that the arriving customers decide whether to join the station or balk, based on a natural reward-cost structure. We study the strategic behavior of the customers and determine their symmetric Nash equilibrium strategies under two levels of information.
The evolution and future of carbonate precipitation in marine invertebrates: Witnessing extinction or documenting resilience in the Anthropocene?
Authors: Drake Jeana L. , Mass Tali , Falkowski Paul G.
Published: May 2014

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the ability to precipitate carbonates evolved several times in marine invertebrates in the past 600 million years. Over the past decade, there has been a profusion of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of calcifying representatives from three metazoan phyla: Cnidaria, Echinodermata, and Mollusca. Based on this information, we compared proteins intimately associated with precipitated calcium carbonate in these three phyla. Specifically, we used a cluster analysis and gene ontology approach to compare ∼1500 proteins, from over 100 studies, extracted from calcium carbonates in stony corals, in bivalve and gastropod mollusks, and in adult and larval sea urchins to identify common motifs and differences. Our analysis suggests that there are few sequence similarities across all three phyla, supporting the independent evolution of biomineralization. However, there are core sets of conserved motifs in all three phyla we examined. These motifs include acidic proteins that appear to be responsible for the nucleation reaction as well as inhibition; structural and adhesion proteins that determine spatial patterning; and signaling proteins that modify enzymatic activities. Based on this analysis and the fossil record, we propose that biomineralization is an extremely robust and highly controlled process in metazoans that can withstand extremes in pH predicted for the coming century, similar to their persistence through the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (∼55 Mya).
Scientific data and its limits: rethinking the use of evidence in local climate change policy
Authors: Pearce Warren
Published: May 2014

Climate policy is typically seen as informed by scientific evidence that anthropogenic carbon emissions require reducing in order to avoid dangerous consequences. However, agreement on these matters has not translated into effective policy. Using interviews with local authority officials in the UK’s East Midlands region, this paper argues that the ideas, arguments and data informing local climate policy have been grounded in evidence from the natural sciences. Focusing on carbon emissions data demonstrated a consensus around scientific knowledge, not local policy responses to this knowledge. Acknowledging this ‘mistaken consensus’ provides the potential to utilise evidence more attentive to local contexts.
Governing portable conservation and development landscapes: reconsidering evidence in the context of the Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Elgert Laureen
Published: May 2014

Conservation-with-development landscapes, such as UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Reserves, differentiate between areas of ‘nature’ and ‘society’. In Paraguay’s Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve, as elsewhere, this model has been used to support governance that focuses on conservation in the ‘core area’ and sustainable development in the ‘buffer zone’. Such interventions are supported by evidence of biodiversity and threats to biodiversity. This paper challenges this divide by discussing other evidence relevant to governance: the social, political and economic influences that have shaped the Mbaracayú landscape. Accounting for this kind of evidence is likely to lead to greater appropriateness and acceptance of governance approaches.
Website Review
Authors: Martraire Marie
Published: May 2014

THE LIBRARY BY SOUNDPOCKET Curated by soundpocket, http://www.thelibrarybysoundpocket.org.hk, 2013–date
Book Reviews
Authors: Rhoades Tiffany , Reeve Charles , McCutcheon Erin L.
Published: May 2014

MUSEUMS AND COMMUNITIES: CURATORS, COLLECTIONS AND COLLABORATION, VIV GOLDING AND WAYNE MODEST (EDS) New York: Bloomsbury (2013), 288 pp., Paperback, ISBN 978-0-85785-131-4, US$34.95

BAD BOY: MY LIFE ON AND OFF THE CANVAS, ERIC FISCHL AND MICHAEL STONE New York: Crown Publishers (2012), 368 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-770-43557-8, US$31.00

MAKING ART GLOBAL (PART 1): THE THIRD HAVANA BIENNIAL 1989, RACHEL WEISS (ED.) London: Afterall Books (2011), 256 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-84638-081-5, £14.95
The Grounds for Museological Experiments: Developing the Colonial Museum Project in British Nigeria
Authors: Hellman Amanda H.
Published: May 2014

In 1943 Kenneth C. Murray conducted a survey of antiquities in British Nigeria, leading to the founding of the Department of Antiquities, which wrote antiquities legislation, regulated archaeological excavations, and established all of the museums in the country. Looking to British institutions, such as the British and the Pitt Rivers Museums, Nigeria’s institutions and display practices reveal the way in which the colonial government intended to use the museum to unite a diverse population and create the modern colonial African subject. This article examines the processes by which European museum standards were translated to colonial-era African museums and how early Nigerian museums were both an extension of and departure from the way British museums were used for social and political purposes.
On full-time primary schools: Opportunities, challenges and good practices
Authors: Abrantes Pedro
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the implementation of ‘full-time schools’, a recent Portuguese public policy to extend primary education services from five to eight hours per day, including a set of optional new activities in all public schools that are free to parents. After a broad
presentation of the national programme and in order to understand administration dominant conceptions, as well as to identify good practices and innovation projects in this field, our research has focused on five cases that the administration in different regions have considered to be successful.
Each case studied included documental analysis, direct observation, interviews with leaders and supervisors, and focus groups with parents, students and activities monitors. Considering the empirical results, in this article we focus on four dimensions central to the success of these experiences:
(1) the local network and project; (2) time and space management; (3) integration of the activities monitors; and (4) pedagogical practices.
REVIEW
Authors: da Silva Douglas Mansur
Published: May 2014

CÁRCERE PÚBLICO: PROCESSOS DE EXOTIZAÇÃO ENTRE BRASILEIROS NO PORTO, IGOR JOSÉ DE RENÓ MACHADO, LISBON: IMPRENSA DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS (2009) pp. 256, ISBN 9789726712442,€18.00
Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Coils Used in Aneurysm Embolization
Authors: Lv Xianli , Wu Zhongxue , Li Youxiang
Published: May 2014

This study evaluated the effects of electromagnetic radiation in our daily lives on the coils used in aneurysm embolization. Faraday's electromagnetic induction principle was applied to analyze the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the coils used in aneurysm embolization. To induce a current of 0.5 mA in less than 5 mm platinum coils required to stimulate peripheral nerves, the minimum magnetic field will be 0.86 μT. To induce a current of 0.5 mA in platinum coils by a hair dryer, the minimum aneurysm radius is 2.5 mm (5 mm aneurysm). To induce a current of 0.5 mA in platinum coils by a computer or TV, the minimum aneurysm radius is 8.6 mm (approximate 17 mm aneurysm). The minimum magnetic field is much larger than the flux densities produced by computer and TV, while the minimum aneurysm radius is much larger than most aneurysm sizes to levels produced by computer and TV. At present, the effects of electromagnetic radiation in our daily lives on intracranial coils do not produce a harmful reaction. Patients with coiled aneurysm are advised to avoid using hair dryers. This theory needs to be proved by further detailed complex investigations. Doctors should give patients additional instructions before the procedure, depending on this study.
Innervation of the Cerebral Dura Mater
Authors: Lv Xianli , Wu Zhongxue , Li Youxiang
Published: May 2014

The trigemino-cardiac reflex during Onyx embolization for dural arteriovenous fistula may be caused by mechanical or chemical stimulus to the terminals of the unencapsulated Ruffini-like receptors stemming from A-axons in the dural connective tissue at sites of dural arteries and sinuses. Slow A (Aδ) and fast A (Aβ) neurons may play a role in the stimulus afferent pathway due to their higher mechanosensitivity and chemosensitivity. These afferent pathway nerves are cholinergic innervations of the dura mater, which also contains vasoactive neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and neurokinin A. Stimulation of meningeal sensory fibres can evoke cerebral vasodilation through the peripheral release of neuropeptides, which play a role in headache pathogenesis. These myelinated A-fibers terminate in the deep part (laminae III-V) of the spinal dorsal horn. Its efferent pathway has been defined as the acetylcholinergic vagus nerve. The A11 nucleus, located in the posterior hypothalamus, providing the only known source of descending dopaminergic innervation for the spinal grey matter, can inhibit the neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.
Operative Status and Survival after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Efird Jimmy T. , O'Neal Wesley T. , Davies Stephen W. , O'Neal Jason B. , Chitwood W. Randolph , Ferguson T. Bruce , Kypson Alan P.
Published: May 2014

Background: The effect of race on long-term survival of patients undergoing elective and nonelective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term survival between black and white CABG patients by operative status.

Methods: Long-term survival of black versus white patients undergoing elective and nonelective CABG procedures between 1992 and 2011 was compared. Survival probabilities were computed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and stratified by race. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model.

Results: A total of 13,774 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up time for study participants was 8.2 years. Black patients undergoing elective CABG died sooner than whites (adjusted HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2�1.5). Survival was similar between blacks and whites in the nonelective population (adjusted HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.96�1.1).

Conclusions: Black race was a statistically significant predictor of long-term survival after elective but not nonelective CABG.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Using an Endoaortic Occlusion System
Authors: Kiessling Arndt-H. , Kisker Philipp , Miskovic Alexandra , Papadopoulos Nestoras , Zierer Andreas , Moritz Anton
Published: May 2014

Objectives: We reviewed the initial patient series (n=116) of our institution performing minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=79), mitral valve surgery (n=1), or atrial septal closure (ASD) procedures (n=26) using an endoaortic occlusion system. With this technique relevant intra-aortic pressures are exerted on the aortic wall during the clamping time. This might lead to late aortic degeneration and aneurysm formation. Our study sought to evaluate postoperative aortic complications and the quality of life (modified SF-12).

Methods: One hundred sixteen patients (56% male; 54 years � 14.5; range 19 years to 77 years) underwent a cardiac procedure using an endoaortic clamp. The endoaortic balloon clamp catheter was used to occlude the ascending aorta at pressures >300 mmHg. Patients were rescheduled for echocardiographic examination after a mean follow-up period of 8.8 years.

Results: The analysis performed among 78 patients showed no incidence of any structural damage to the ascending aorta at the intraoperative position of the endoaortic balloon. The physical and mental summary scores are equal to those of comparable patient groups.

Conclusions: The endoaortic occlusion system causes no damage to the aortic wall. If the system causes any problems, they occur immediately during surgery. Patients treated with this minimally invasive technique exhibited the same quality of life as those undergoing conventional surgery.
Evaluation of dysphagia risk, nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly patients with Alzheimer's
Authors: Goes Vanessa Fernanda , Mello-Carpes Pâmela Billig , Oliveira Lilian Oliveira de , Hack Jaqueline , Magro Marcela , Bonini Juliana Sartori
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the risk of dysphagia and its relationship with the stage of Alzheimer's Disease, as well as the relationship between the risk of dysphagia and nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease.METHODS: the sample consisted of 30 subjects of both genders with probable Alzheimer's disease. The stage of the disease, nutritional status, energy intake, and risk of dysphagia were assessed.RESULTS: it was found that increased risk of dysphagia is associated with the advance in the stages of Alzheimer's disease and that even patients in the early stages of disease have a slight risk of developing dysphagia. No association was found between nutritional status and the risk of dysphagia. High levels of inadequate intake of micronutrients were also verified in the patients.CONCLUSION: an association between dysphagia and the development of Alzheimer's disease was found. The results indicate the need to monitor the presence of dysphagia and the micronutrient intake in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Meanings attributed to fatherhood by adolescents
Authors: Sampaio Karla Jimena Araújo de Jesus , Villela Wilza Vieira , Oliveira Eleonora Menicucci de
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To understand how adolescents perceive the experience and what meanings they attribute to fatherhood.METHODS: Research of a qualitative method, using interviews of 25 young people who had become fathers for the first time. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, taped and transcribed in their entirety. Data analysis occurred using an initial and then an exhaustive reading of the material, synthesis of the results obtained, and identification of implicit content.RESULTS: The analysis and interpretation of this material allowed us to identify three thematic categories: the role of the young father; gains and losses with fatherhood, and solutions adopted during the experienced difficulties. It was evident that the exercise of fatherhood contributed to the assumption of masculinity, to play the role of guardian of the home and provider for the family.CONCLUSION: Fatherhood was seen as a positive experience that transformed teenagers into adults.
Home visit: an educational health strategy for self-care in diabetes
Authors: Torres Heloisa de Carvalho , Santos Laura Maria dos , Cordeiro Palloma Maciel Chaves de Souza
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To understand the home visit as an educational health care strategy to orient the self-care practices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: A qualitative study using 25 home visits to patients with diabetes mellitus, who did not attend the diabetes education program offered by the basic health care unit. Data were organized and categorized by content analysis.RESULTS: Four thematic categories emerged: feelings; knowledge about the disease; adherence to meal plan and physical activity; and barriers to self-care.CONCLUSION: Home visit is an important strategy for health care education to orient patients with type 2 diabetes on self-care practices.
Assessment of the frailty level of elderly people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Orlandi Fabiana de Souza , Gesualdo Gabriela Dutra
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frailty level of elderly people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 60 participants and carried out at a Renal Replacement Therapy Unit. The Edmonton Frail Scale, translated and validated to Portuguese, was used as the instrument of research.RESULTS: Around 35.0% of the elderly showed no frailty, 26.7% were vulnerable, 20.0% showed mild frailty, 13.3% moderate frailty and 5.0% severe frailty.CONCLUSION: The frailty level of elderly people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis was high and the number of elderly people who are vulnerable to frailty was also high.
Nursing diagnoses in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Frazão Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz , Medeiros Ana Beatriz de Almeida , Lima e Silva Fernanda Beatriz Batista , Sá Jéssica Dantas de , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis.METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 178 patients, selected by convenience sample, consecutively recruited. For data collection, interview guides and physical examination were used. An individual process of clinical judgment for the nursing diagnoses was performed and, for better accuracy, the results obtained underwent a process of paired review among the authors.RESULTS: Twenty-four nursing diagnoses were identified, of which the most frequent were: risk for infection (100%); excessive fluid volume (99.4%); and, hypothermia (61.8%).CONCLUSION: The most frequent diagnoses identified were included in the safety / protection and nutrition domains of NANDA-I.
Demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from penile cancer
Authors: Silva Ricarlly Soares da , Silva Ana Carla Martins da , Nascimento Suelayne Gonçalves do , Oliveira Conceição Maria de , Bonfim Cristine Vieira do
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis.METHODS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated.RESULTS: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%).CONCLUSION: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis.