bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consistently high heat tolerance acclimation in response to a simulated heatwave across species from the broadly distributed
Authors: Andrew Samuel C. , Arnold Pieter A. , Simonsen Anna K. , Briceño Verónica F.
Published: October 2022

When leaves exceed their thermal threshold during heatwaves, irreversible damage to the leaf can accumulate. However, few studies have explored short-term acclimation of leaves to heatwaves that could help plants to prevent heat damage with increasing heatwave intensity. Here, we studied the heat tolerance of PSII (PHT) in response to a heatwave in Acacia species from across a strong environmental gradient in Australia. We compared PHT metrics derived from temperature-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence response curves (T–F0) before and during a 4-day 38°C heatwave in a controlled glasshouse experiment. We found that the 15 Acacia species displayed surprisingly large and consistent PHT acclimation responses with a mean tolerance increase of 12°C (range, 7.7–19.1°C). Despite species originating from diverse climatic regions, neither maximum temperature of the warmest month nor mean annual precipitation at origin were clear predictors of PHT. To our knowledge, these are some of the largest measured acclimation responses of PHT from a controlled heatwave experiment. This remarkable capacity could partially explain why this genus has become more diverse and common as the Australian continent became more arid and suggests that the presence of Acacia in Australian ecosystems will remain ubiquitous with climate change.
Tetraspanin-5–mediated MHC class I clustering is required for optimal CD8 T cell activation
Authors: Colbert Jeff D. , Cruz Freidrich M. , Baer Christina E. , Rock Kenneth L.
Published: October 2022

MHC molecules are not randomly distributed on the plasma membrane but instead are present in discrete nanoclusters. The mechanisms that control formation of MHC I nanoclusters and the importance of such structures are incompletely understood. Here, we report a molecular association between tetraspanin-5 (Tspan5) and MHC I molecules that started in the endoplasmic reticulum and was maintained on the plasma membrane. This association was observed both in mouse dendritic cells and in human cancer cell lines. Loss of Tspan5 reduced the size of MHC I clusters without affecting MHC I peptide loading, delivery of complexes to the plasma membrane, or overall surface MHC I levels. Functionally, CD8 T cell responses to antigen presented by Tspan5-deficient dendritic cells were impaired but were restored by antibody-induced reclustering of MHC I molecules. In contrast, Tspan5 did not associate with two other plasma membrane proteins, Flotillin1 and CD55, with or the endoplasmic reticulum proteins Tapasin and TAP. Thus, our findings identify a mechanism underlying the clustering of MHC I molecules that is important for optimal T cell responses.
Bending the curve: Simple but massive conservation action leads to landscape-scale recovery of amphibians
Authors: Moor Helen , Bergamini Ariel , Vorburger Christoph , Holderegger Rolf , Bühler Christoph , Egger Simon , Schmidt Benedikt R.
Published: October 2022

Success stories are rare in conservation science, hindered also by the research-implementation gap, where scientific insights rarely inform practice and practical implementation is rarely evaluated scientifically. Amphibian population declines, driven by multiple stressors, are emblematic of the freshwater biodiversity crisis. Habitat creation is a straightforward conservation action that has been shown to locally benefit amphibians, as well as other taxa, but does it benefit entire amphibian communities at large spatial scales? Here, we evaluate a landscape-scale pond-construction program by fitting dynamic occupancy models to 20 y of monitoring data for 12 pond-breeding amphibian species in the Swiss state Aargau, a densely populated area of the Swiss lowlands with intensive land use. After decades of population declines, the number of occupied ponds increased statewide for 10 out of 12 species, while one species remained stable and one species further declined between 1999 and 2019. Despite regional differences, in 77% of all 43 regional metapopulations, the colonization and subsequent occupation of new ponds stabilized (14%) or increased (63%) metapopulation size. Likely mechanisms include increased habitat availability, restoration of habitat dynamics, and increased connectivity between ponds. Colonization probabilities reflected species-specific preferences for characteristics of ponds and their surroundings, which provides evidence-based information for future pond construction targeting specific species. The relatively simple but landscape-scale and persistent conservation action of constructing hundreds of new ponds halted declines and stabilized or increased the state-wide population size of all but one species, despite ongoing pressures from other stressors in a human-dominated landscape.
Odd viscosity-induced Hall-like transport of an active chiral fluid
Authors: Lou Xin , Yang Qing , Ding Yu , Liu Peng , Chen Ke , Zhou Xin , Ye Fangfu , Podgornik Rudolf , Yang Mingcheng
Published: October 2022

Broken time-reversal and parity symmetries in active spinner fluids imply a nondissipative “odd viscosity,” engendering phenomena unattainable in traditional passive or active fluids. Here we show that the odd viscosity itself can lead to a Hall-like transport when the active chiral fluid flows through a quenched matrix of obstacles, reminiscent of the anomalous Hall effect. The Hall-like velocity depends significantly on the spinner activity and longitudinal flow due to the interplay between odd viscosity and spinner–obstacle collisions. Our findings underscore the importance of odd viscosity in active chiral matter and elucidate its essential role in the anomalous Hall-like effect.
Deep-branching acetogens in serpentinized subsurface fluids of Oman
Authors: Colman Daniel R. , Kraus Emily A. , Thieringer Patrick H. , Rempfert Kaitlin , Templeton Alexis S. , Spear John R. , Boyd Eric S.
Published: October 2022

Little is known of acetogens in contemporary serpentinizing systems, despite widely supported theories that serpentinite-hosted environments supported the first life on Earth via acetogenesis. To address this knowledge gap, genome-resolved metagenomics was applied to subsurface fracture water communities from an area of active serpentinization in the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman. Two deeply branching putative bacterial acetogen types were identified in the communities belonging to the Acetothermia (hereafter, types I and II) that exhibited distinct distributions among waters with lower and higher water–rock reaction (i.e., serpentinization influence), respectively. Metabolic reconstructions revealed contrasting core metabolic pathways of type I and II Acetothermia, including in acetogenic pathway components (e.g., bacterial- vs. archaeal-like carbon monoxide dehydrogenases [CODH], respectively), hydrogen use to drive acetogenesis, and chemiosmotic potential generation via respiratory (type I) or canonical acetogen ferredoxin-based complexes (type II). Notably, type II Acetothermia metabolic pathways allow for use of serpentinization-derived substrates and implicate them as key primary producers in contemporary hyperalkaline serpentinite environments. Phylogenomic analyses indicate that 1) archaeal-like CODH of the type II genomes and those of other serpentinite-associated Bacteria derive from a deeply rooted horizontal transfer or origin among archaeal methanogens and 2) Acetothermia are among the earliest evolving bacterial lineages. The discovery of dominant and early-branching acetogens in subsurface waters of the largest near-surface serpentinite formation provides insight into the physiological traits that likely facilitated rock-supported life to flourish on a primitive Earth and possibly on other rocky planets undergoing serpentinization.
Language and developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke
Authors: Newport Elissa L. , Seydell-Greenwald Anna , Landau Barbara , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Chambers Catherine E. , Martin Kelly C. , Rennert Rebecca , Giannetti Margot , Dromerick Alexander W. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Carpenter Jessica L. , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D.
Published: October 2022

The mature human brain is lateralized for language, with the left hemisphere (LH) primarily responsible for sentence processing and the right hemisphere (RH) primarily responsible for processing suprasegmental aspects of language such as vocal emotion. However, it has long been hypothesized that in early life there is plasticity for language, allowing young children to acquire language in other cortical regions when LH areas are damaged. If true, what are the constraints on functional reorganization? Which areas of the brain can acquire language, and what happens to the functions these regions ordinarily perform? We address these questions by examining long-term outcomes in adolescents and young adults who, as infants, had a perinatal arterial ischemic stroke to the LH areas ordinarily subserving sentence processing. We compared them with their healthy age-matched siblings. All participants were tested on a battery of behavioral and functional imaging tasks. While stroke participants were impaired in some nonlinguistic cognitive abilities, their processing of sentences and of vocal emotion was normal and equal to that of their healthy siblings. In almost all, these abilities have both developed in the healthy RH. Our results provide insights into the remarkable ability of the young brain to reorganize language. Reorganization is highly constrained, with sentence processing almost always in the RH frontotemporal regions homotopic to their location in the healthy brain. This activation is somewhat segregated from RH emotion processing, suggesting that the two functions perform best when each has its own neural territory.
A genetically encoded system for oxygen generation in living cells
Authors: Markhard Andrew L. , McCoy Jason G. , To Tsz-Leung , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: October 2022

Oxygen plays a key role in supporting life on our planet. It is particularly important in higher eukaryotes where it boosts bioenergetics as a thermodynamically favorable terminal electron acceptor and has important roles in cell signaling and development. Many human diseases stem from either insufficient or excessive oxygen. Despite its fundamental importance, we lack methods with which to manipulate the supply of oxygen with high spatiotemporal resolution in cells and in organisms. Here, we introduce a genetic system, SupplemeNtal Oxygen Released from ChLorite (SNORCL), for on-demand local generation of molecular oxygen in living cells, by harnessing prokaryotic chlorite O
2
-lyase (Cld) enzymes that convert chlorite (ClO
2
−
) into molecular oxygen (O
2
) and chloride (Cl
−
). We show that active Cld enzymes can be targeted to either the cytosol or mitochondria of human cells, and that coexpressing a chlorite transporter results in molecular oxygen production inside cells in response to externally added chlorite. This first-generation system allows fine temporal and spatial control of oxygen production, with immediate research applications. In the future, we anticipate that technologies based on SNORCL will have additional widespread applications in research, biotechnology, and medicine.
Aging is associated with maladaptive episodic memory-guided social decision-making
Authors: Lempert Karolina M. , Cohen Michael S. , MacNear Kameron A. , Reckers Frances M. , Zaneski Laura , Wolk David A. , Kable Joseph W.
Published: October 2022

Older adults are frequent targets and victims of financial fraud. They may be especially susceptible to revictimization because of age-related changes in both episodic memory and social motivation. Here we examined these factors in a context where adaptive social decision-making requires intact associative memory for previous social interactions. Older adults made more maladaptive episodic memory-guided social decisions but not only because of poorer associative memory. Older adults were biased toward remembering people as being fair, while young adults were biased toward remembering people as being unfair. Holding memory constant, older adults engaged more with people that were familiar (regardless of the nature of the previous interaction), whereas young adults were prone to avoiding others that they remembered as being unfair. Finally, older adults were more influenced by facial appearances, choosing to interact with social partners that looked more generous, even though those perceptions were inconsistent with prior experience.
Synaptic memory survives molecular turnover
Authors: Lee Joel , Chen Xiumin , Nicoll Roger A.
Published: October 2022

Activation of Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in long-term potentiation (LTP), a long accepted cellular model for learning and memory. However, how LTP and memories survive the turnover of synaptic proteins, particularly CaMKII, remains a mystery. Here, we take advantage of the finding that constitutive Ca
2+
-independent CaMKII activity, acquired prior to slice preparation, provides a lasting memory trace at synapses. In slice culture, this persistent CaMKII activity, in the absence of Ca
2+
stimulation, remains stable over a 2-wk period, well beyond the turnover of CaMKII protein. We propose that the nascent CaMKII protein present at 2 wk acquired its activity from preexisting active CaMKII molecules, which transferred their activity to newly synthesized CaMKII molecules and thus maintain the memory in the face of protein turnover.
LYL1 facilitates AETFC assembly and gene activation by recruiting CARM1 in t(8;21) AML
Authors: Chen Qian , Cevher Murat A. , Jiang Qi , Wang Saisai , Sun Xiaojian , Roeder Robert G. , Chen Mo
Published: October 2022

Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in hematopoiesis, and their aberrant expression can lead to various types of leukemia. The t(8;21) leukemogenic fusion protein AML1–ETO (AE) is the most common fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia and can enhance hematopoietic stem cell renewal while blocking differentiation. A key question in understanding AE-mediated leukemia is what determines the choice of AE to activate self-renewal genes or repress differentiation genes. Toward the resolution of this problem, we earlier showed that AE resides in the stable AETFC complex and that its components colocalize on up- or down-regulated target genes and are essential for leukemogenesis. In the current study, using biochemical and genomic approaches, we show that AE-containing complexes are heterogeneous, and that assembly of the larger AETFC (containing AE, CBFβ, HEB, E2A, LYL1, LMO2, and LDB1) requires LYL1. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence that the LYL1-containing AETFC preferentially binds to active enhancers and promotes AE-dependent gene activation. Moreover, we show that coactivator CARM1 interacts with AETFC and facilitates gene activation by AETFC. Collectively, this study describes a role of oncoprotein LYL1 in AETFC assembly and gene activation by recruiting CARM1 to chromatin for AML cell survival.
Who’s speaking for whom?
Authors: Xiang Mingjian , Pascual Esther , Ma Bosen
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with rhetorically intended questions in theZhuangzi, a foundational text of Daoism (fourth centurybc). Such questions are generally meant to evoke silent answers in the addressee’s mind, thereby involving a fictive type of interaction (Pascual 2006,2014). We analyse rhetorical questions as constructions of intersubjectivity (seeVerhagen 2005,2008), involving not just a conceptual integration of question and assertion but also a viewpoint blend (Dancygier and Sweetser [eds] 2012). They involve fusing the perspectives of the writer, the assumed prospective readers, and possibly also that of the discourse characters (in the case of rhetorical questions ascribed to a discourse character but meant to represent the writer’s voice). In this highly influential text with abundant mixed viewpoint scenarios, the interpretation of rhetorical questions involves the resolution of different viewpoints, which are set up and shifted in a multi-layered manner for particular argumentative purposes.
Between two fires
Authors: Ravyse Natasha , van Zyl Adriana J. M.
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on the advocacy of social justice through the implementation of language policies in South African universities. Noting the multilingual complexity of South Africa with 111official languages and the intricacies surrounding South Africa’s political and sociocultural borders, the submission explores the advocacy of social justice in informing the reappraisal and the ensuing implementation of such a language policy by exploring constitutive dimensions (specifically identity) and instrumental dimensions (non-identity/functional aspects) from a linguistic justice perspective. The institution used as a case study is the North-West University (NWU) which is a by-product of three campuses that were merged in 2004. The authors use survey data eliciting opinions about revising the institution’s language policy. Central to the analysis is how linguistic justice could be exercised in consideration of constitutive vs instrumental dimensions based on the work ofDe Schutter (2007). With 20, 000 responses, the authors used a qualitative analysis, supplemented by frequencies, to tease apart identity and non-identity aspects to determine which of these had a closer relationship with linguistic justice and the selected institution’s language policy. The results of this study aim to offer insight into future revisions of higher education language policies in order to fulfil the mandate of linguistic justice.
Growth of delafossite CuAlO2 single crystals in a reactive crucible
Authors: Kim Du Hyung , Kong Minsik , Kang Myeongjun , Kim Minjae , Kim Seohee , Kim Youngwook , Yoon Sangmoon , Ok Jong Mok
Published: October 2022

Delafossite oxide CuAlO2 has received great attention as a promising p-type conducting oxide. In this work, high-quality CuAlO2 single crystals with a size of several millimeters (mm) are successfully synthesized with a reactive crucible melting method. The crystals are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transport measurement, and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The CuAlO2 single crystals show semiconducting behavior with hole carriers, which is consistent with other crystals grown by the conventional slow-cooling method. This growth method we reported here eliminates the process of removing the remaining flux, allowing easy access to the high-quality single crystals. This new approach to growing high-quality delafossite oxide CuAlO2 with a few mm size is important for new technologies that demand p-type semiconductor-based device fabrication.
Fabrication of ZnO dual electron transport layer via atomic layer deposition for highly stable and efficient CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Binze , Qin Le , Wang Pengfei , Chen Zhuo , Zang Jianfeng , Zhang Jianbing , Wen Yanwei , Chen Rong
Published: October 2022

Electron transport layers (ETLs) are important components of high-performance all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals light-emitting diodes (PNCs-LED). Herein, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of inorganic ZnO layer is combined to the organic 1,3,5-Tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) to form dual ETLs to enhance both the efficiency and stability of PNCs-LED simultaneously. Optimization of ZnO thickness suggested that 10 cycles ALD yields the best performance of the devices. The external quantum efficiency of the device reaches to 7.21% with a low turn-on voltage (2.4 V). Impressively, the dual ETL PNCs-LED realizes maximum T
50 lifetime of 761 h at the initial luminance of 100 nit, which is one of the top lifetimes among PNCs-LEDs up to now. The improved performance of dual ETL PNCs-LED is mainly due to the improved charge transport balance with favorable energy level matching. These findings present a promising strategy to modify the function layer via ALD to achieve both highly efficient and stable PNCs-LED.
Gravitational wave interactions in Λ3 models of dark energy
Authors: Gümrükçüoğlu A. Emir , Koyama Kazuya
Published: October 2022

We argue that cubic order interactions between two scalar gravitons and one tensor graviton are ubiquitous in models of dark energy where the strong coupling scale is Λ3. These interactions can potentially provide efficient decay channels for gravitational waves. They can also lead to gradient instabilities of the scalar perturbations in the presence of large amplitude gravitational waves, e.g. those detected by LIGO/Virgo. In contrast with models in scalar-tensor theories, there is an infinite number of higher order interactions in generic Λ3 models, which make it difficult to predict the fate of these instabilities inferred from cubic order interactions.
4 kW narrow-linewidth fiber laser based on a simple one-stage MOPA structure
Authors: Tian Xin , Rao Binyu , Wang Meng , Xi Xiaoming , Wang Chongwei , Wang Zefeng
Published: October 2022

One-stage master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) structure is a simple and robust way to acquire high-power narrow-linewidth fiber lasers (NLFLs), which have wide applications in spectral/coherent beam combination. In this work, an NLFL system was established based on a home-made fiber oscillator seed. By using this one-stage MOPA system, a 4 kW output power was achieved with 3 dB linewidth of about 0.53 nm and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 76.9%. The signal to Raman ratio was ∼22 dB. The measured beam quality (M2 factor) was about 1.6 at the output power of 3780 W then degraded to 2.8 at the maximum power of 4 kW. To the best of our knowledge, the 4 kW is the highest output power for such narrow linewidth one-stage MOPA fiber lasers.
Electromagnetic control of the instability in the liquid metal flow over a backward-facing step
Authors: Huang Ya-Dong , Fu Jia-Wei , Chen Long-Miao
Published: October 2022

The tile-type electromagnetic actuator (TEA) and stripe-type electromagnetic actuator (SEA) are applied to the active control of the perturbation energy in the liquid metal flow over a backward-facing step (BFS). Three control strategies consisting of base flow control (BFC), linear model control (LMC) and combined model control (CMC) are considered to change the amplification rate of the perturbation energy. CMC is the combination of BFC and LMC. SEA is utilized in BFC to produce the streamwise Lorentz force thus adjusting the amplification rate via modifying the flow structures, and the magnitude of the maximum amplification rate could reach to 6 orders. TEA is used in LMC to reduce the magnitude of the amplification rate via the wall-normalwise Lorentz force, and the magnitude could be decreased by 2 orders. Both TEA and SEA are employed in CMC where the magnitude of the amplification rate could be diminished by 3 orders. In other words, the control strategy of CMC could capably alter the flow instability of the liquid metal flow.
Forecasting solar still performance from conventional weather data variation by machine learning method
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Shen Leshan , Sun Senshan , Peng Guilong , Shen Zhen , Wang Yunpeng , Kandeal AbdAllah Wagih , Luo Zhouyang , Kabeel A. E. , Zhang Jianqun , Bao Hua , Yang Nuo
Published: October 2022

Solar stills are considered an effective method to solve the scarcity of drinkable water. However, it is still missing a way to forecast its production. Herein, it is proposed that a convenient forecasting model which just needs to input the conventional weather forecasting data. The model is established by using machine learning methods of random forest and optimized by Bayesian algorithm. The required data to train the model are obtained from daily measurements lasting 9 months. To validate the accuracy model, the determination coefficients of two types of solar stills are calculated as 0.935 and 0.929, respectively, which are much higher than the value of both multiple linear regression (0.767) and the traditional models (0.829 and 0.847). Moreover, by applying the model, we predicted the freshwater production of four cities in China. The predicted production is approved to be reliable by a high value of correlation (0.868) between the predicted production and the solar insolation. With the help of the forecasting model, it would greatly promote the global application of solar stills.
Loading uniform Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on three-dimensional peony-like WO3 for good stability and excellent selectivity towards NH3 at room temperature
Authors: Shao Xingyan , Jia Fuchao , Liu Tingting , Liu Jiancheng , Wang Xiaomei , Yin Guangchao , Lv Na , Zhou Tong , Rajan Ramachandran , Liu Bo
Published: October 2022

A heterojunction structure design is a very good method for improving the properties of semiconductors in many research fields. This method is employed in the present study to promote the gas-sensing performance of Ag3PO4 nanocomposites at room temperature (25 °C). A nanocomposite of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles and three-dimensional peony-like WO3 (WO3/Ag3PO4) was successfully prepared by the precipitation method. The crystalline phases were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and the microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical bonding states were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The gas-sensing performance of WO3/Ag3PO4 sensors was systematically explored at room temperature. The composite sensors possessed a higher response and lower detection limit (1 ppm) to NH3 than those made of a single type of material; this is ascribed to the synergistic effect achieved by the heterojunction structure. Among the different composite sensors tested, gas sensor A5W5 (Ag3PO4:WO3 mass ratio of 5:5) displayed the highest response to NH3 at room temperature. Interestingly, the A5W5 gas sensor exhibited relatively good stability and excellent selectivity to NH3. The A5W5 sensor also displayed a relatively good response under high humidity. The gas-sensing mechanism of the WO3/Ag3PO4 sensors is explained in detail. Taken together, the as-prepared sensor is highly efficient at detecting NH3 and could be suitable for practical applications. In addition, this study also provides a new method for developing Ag3PO4-based sensors in the gas-sensing field.
Low switching loss and increased short-circuit capability split-gate SiC trench MOSFET with p-type pillar
Authors: Shen Pei , Wang Ying , Li Xing-Ji , Yang Jian-Qun , Cao Fei
Published: October 2022

A split-gate SiC trench gate MOSFET with stepped thick oxide, source-connected split-gate (SG), and p-type pillar (p-pillar) surrounded thick oxide shielding region (GSDP-TMOS) is investigated by Silvaco TCAD simulations. The source-connected SG region and p-pillar shielding region are introduced to form an effective two-level shielding, which reduces the specific gate–drain charge (Q
gd,sp) and the saturation current, thus reducing the switching loss and increasing the short-circuit capability. The thick oxide that surrounds a p-pillar shielding region efficiently protects gate oxide from being damaged by peaked electric field, thereby increasing the breakdown voltage (BV). Additionally, because of the high concentration in the n-type drift region, the electrons diffuse rapidly and the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) becomes smaller. In the end, comparing with the bottom p+ shielded trench MOSFET (GP-TMOS), the Baliga figure of merit (BFOM, BV
2/R
on,sp) is increased by 169.6%, and the high-frequency figure of merit (HF-FOM, R
on,sp × Q
gd,sp) is improved by 310%, respectively.
A single dual-mode gas sensor for early safety warning of Li-ion batteries: Micro-scale Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Jin Zhishen , Lin Zhengyang , Zhou Shiyu , Du Yonghai , Chen Yulong , Zhou Houpan
Published: October 2022

Li dendrites and electrolyte leakage are common causes of Li-ion battery failure. H2, generated by Li dendrites, and electrolyte vapors have been regarded as gas markers of the early safety warning of Li-ion batteries. SnO2-based gas sensors, widely used for a variety of applications, are promising for the early safety detection of Li-ion batteries, which are necessary and urgently required for the development of Li-ion battery systems. However, the traditional SnO2 sensor, with a single signal, cannot demonstrate intelligent multi-gas recognition. Here, a single dual-mode (direct and alternating current modes) SnO2 sensor demonstrates clear discrimination of electrolyte vapors and H2, released in different states of Li-ion batteries, together with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. This work provides insight into the intelligent technology of single gas sensors.
Liquid crystal electro-optical transducers for electrophysiology sensing applications
Authors: Al Abed Amr , Wei Yuan , Almasri Reem M , Lei Xinyue , Wang Han , Firth Josiah , Chen Yingge , Gouailhardou Nathalie , Silvestri Leonardo , Lehmann Torsten , Ladouceur François , Lovell Nigel H
Published: October 2022

Objective. Biomedical instrumentation and clinical systems for electrophysiology rely on electrodes and wires for sensing and transmission of bioelectric signals. However, this electronic approach constrains bandwidth, signal conditioning circuit designs, and the number of channels in invasive or miniature devices. This paper demonstrates an alternative approach using light to sense and transmit the electrophysiological signals. Approach. We develop a sensing, passive, fluorophore-free optrode based on the birefringence property of liquid crystals (LCs) operating at the microscale. Main results. We show that these optrodes can have the appropriate linearity (µ ± s.d.: 99.4 ± 0.5%, n = 11 devices), relative responsivity (µ ± s.d.: 57 ± 12%V−1, n = 5 devices), and bandwidth (µ ± s.d.: 11.1 ± 0.7 kHz, n = 7 devices) for transducing electrophysiology signals into the optical domain. We report capture of rabbit cardiac sinoatrial electrograms and stimulus-evoked compound action potentials from the rabbit sciatic nerve. We also demonstrate miniaturisation potential by fabricating multi-optrode arrays, by developing a process that automatically matches each transducer element area with that of its corresponding biological interface. Significance. Our method of employing LCs to convert bioelectric signals into the optical domain will pave the way for the deployment of high-bandwidth optical telecommunications techniques in ultra-miniature clinical diagnostic and research laboratory neural and cardiac interfaces.
Study on the influence of grid connected capacity difference of photovoltaic power generation on power grid performance
Authors: Tan Zhiguang , Wu Ning , Zheng Yi , Chen Weidong
Published: October 2022

Due to the integration of photovoltaic power generation system, the structure of traditional distribution network will change, and then the grid system after grid connection is in an abnormal working state. If relevant measures are not taken, the operation quality of grid cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, based on the working principle of photovoltaic cells, this paper studies its equivalent model and output characteristics, builds a single-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid connected system on PSCAD platform, verifies the correctness of power control strategy, analyses the impact of photovoltaic grid connection on distribution network loss and voltage, establishes a 33 node model for example analysis, and simulates the grid connection of photovoltaic power generation system under different capacities and locations for many times, the calculation example of determining the location and capacity of photovoltaic grid connected power generation system is analysed, and a multi-objective mathematical model is proposed based on DG cost and active power loss. The installation quantity, capacity and location of DG are deeply studied, and the optimization function is carried out based on genetic algorithm, so as to realize the minimum impact condition of photovoltaic grid connected power generation on power quality of distribution network, and then realize the optimal configuration of photovoltaic power generation system.
Research on decentralized autonomous fault processing of distribution network based on data twin Technology
Authors: Yang Shuangshuang , Bai Huifeng , Huo Chao , Zhang Ganghong
Published: October 2022

With the development of new power system construction, distribution network as an important part, its safe and stable operation is more important. In order to make the distribution network have self-identification, self-positioning and self-healing functions, it is necessary to study the decentralized autonomous technology of the distribution network, including the state assessment and fault location technology of distributed power supply. In this paper, the autonomous intelligent agent unit (IA) is designed based on digital twin technology, which has the functions of state assessment, fault location and isolation. Through IEEE33-node with distributed power supply and MA-PSO algorithm, the internal autonomy of IA is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the proposed scheme and algorithm are fast, accurate and referable.
Electric Vehicle Battery Power Estimation and Remote Monitoring Method Based on Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Ye Shen , Xu Yongjin , Wang Lixin , Yuan Jian , Wang Jinrong
Published: October 2022

With the leap-forward development of China’s economy and society, people have put forward higher demands for travel convenience. As a daily means of transportation, automobiles have gradually approached thousands of households. Therefore, the automobile industry has also developed rapidly in recent years. The construction of digital factories for automobile manufacturing and production has rapidly promoted the progress of the new energy automobile industry. The main purpose of this paper is to study the battery power estimation and remote monitoring program of electric vehicles based on the optimization algorithm. This paper mainly selects the battery model, compares and analyzes different algorithms, and completes the database design and the construction of the relevant development environment according to the functional requirements and combined with the actual situation. Experiments show that low temperature has a great influence on the discharge capacity of the battery. The battery can release 74% of the rated capacity at -5°C, while the battery can release only 56% of the rated capacity at -20°C.
Optimisation of regional energy demand networks based on flexible load model
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Li Xianan , Liu Kunmin , Zhao Long
Published: October 2022

The existing literature on integrated energy station-grid planning studies focuses on configuration planning. Therefore, a multi-objective hybrid particle swarm algorithm is used in this paper to solve a multi-objective optimisation model and combines a multi-indicator evaluation method based on evidence-based reasoning to select the solution with the highest evaluation value from multiple candidates (Pareto solution set) as the optimal solution. The optimal planning solution is selected from multiple candidates (Pareto solution set) by a multi-indicator evaluation method based on evidence-based reasoning, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified utilizing an example. The customer participation demand response optimises the demand curve by adjusting the flexible load, reduces the system operation cost and investment construction cost, and maximises the economic, environmental and reliability benefits of the integrated regional energy station grid.
Optimized Photoelectric Performances via Composition Regulation of Precursor Solutions in CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dai Chuanru
Published: October 2022

The composition of precursor solutions always significantly impacts the morphology and properties of perovskite films, which plays an important role in the final performance of the solar cells. Here, PbI2 and DMAPbI3 were introduced in the CsPbI3 precursor solutions. The optimized composition and structure were realized by adjusting the content ratio of the two components. The optimum content ratio of PbI2 and DMAPbI3 was about 3:7, which results in a uniform film with optimized internal defects. Thus, the subsequent grain formation and growth process during the annealing process are better controlled. Finally, the obtained perovskite solar cells realized a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.13%.
Transmission line route planning based on AHP-ACO algorithm
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Heng , Yang Jie , Li Yang , Wang Chengong
Published: October 2022

ArcGIS software is used as the geographic information collection and analysis platform for transmission line route selection. Considering the influencing factors such as line length, landform, geology, ice area, transportation, construction, operation and local planning, the comprehensive quantitative cost value of the line is obtained by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Combined with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Python language, an automatic search model of transmission line path is developed. Selecting the local area with complex terrain in Guizhou, the algorithm simulation is carried out to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the model improves the search efficiency of transmission lines and provides a reference scheme for the planning of transmission lines in my country.
Analysis and troubleshooting of fin stabilizer shutdown
Authors: Wang Shuren , Huang Zhenhua , Ran Tang , Heng Wang
Published: October 2022

Starting from an accident of overload trip and shutdown of fin stabilizer main motor caused by fin stabilizer fault, this paper studies the working principle of this type of fin stabilizer hydraulic system and electrical control system, analyzes the root cause of the fault, introduces the fault treatment method and process in detail, and puts forward suggestions on the daily maintenance and management of the equipment, so as to prevent similar accidents from happening again.
Research on the self-correction method of substation crane operation safety height based on Kalman filter
Authors: Chen Bo , Tian Wang , Yan Yn , Wang HangYang , Xiao Yi , Yang ZhiYong , Li Wen Zhi
Published: October 2022

In order to avoid the influence of changes in air humidity and uneven road surface at the location where the crane operates, the operating range calculated by the crane safety operation system and the actual minimum safe distance contour surface around the transmission wire are in contact, which affects the normal and safe operation of the substation. This paper proposes and implements a self-correction method for the safety height of substation cranes based on Kalman filtering. Firstly, the method integrates multi-source information, such as air temperature and humidity, attitude Angle between crane boom and horizontal plane and vertical plane, and crane boom elongation distance, and adopts multi-classification neural network intelligent algorithm to obtain the maximum safe operating height between the crane boom end and the high-voltage cable; then, combined with the Kalman filter algorithm to filter out the error data output by the laser ranging sensor, to achieve real-time correction and optimization of the vertical distance between the crane arm and the cable. The experimental results show that when the relative air humidity exceeds 80%, the safety alarm error rate is reduced by 12.76%, which effectively improves the reliability of the safe operation of the crane safety operation system when the air humidity exceeds 80%.
Application of Comprehensive Diagnosis Technique in Fault Analysis of FRP Bushing of 110kV Transformer
Authors: Ling Hongzheng
Published: October 2022

FRP high-voltage bushing is widely used in power system because of its advantages of good mechanical strength, short production cycle and free maintenance. Due to the immobility of solid insulation such as glass fiber reinforced plastic and epoxy resin, once there is a local hidden danger, it will not heal itself, which is bound to develop into insulation breakdown. In this paper, starting from the creepage fault of a 110kV transformer FRP high-voltage bushing, comprehensive diagnosis techniques such as test detection, online monitoring, disintegration analysis and simulation calculation are adopted. Different diagnosis methods confirm each other and determine the cause of the fault. The analysis method in this paper has important reference value for fault analysis of high voltage equipment.
Numerical simulation of oil film dynamic characteristics in the bidirectional thrust bearing of a pumped storage unit
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Meng Fancong , Mo Yabo , Hu Kun , Chen Yuwen , Zhao Feng , Zhou Daqing
Published: October 2022

Through the numerical simulation of the internal flow field of the thrust bearing, the distribution of the oil membrane pressure field was calculated using the CFD software Fluent. The effect made by inclination angle and rotor speed on the thrust bearing performance was analyzed. The results show that the inclination angle has a strong impact in pumped storage units. Only when the inclination of the circular direction reaches a certain value, with the increase of the circular inclination, the bearing capacity of the oil film gradually increases, and the pressure center moves to the oil outlet. With the increase of the rotor speed, the bearing capacity of the oil film gradually increases, and the pressure center remains unchanged. Therefore, in the limit of the minimum oil film thickness, running at large inclination angles and rotor speed can improve the performance.
Overview of energy routers control strategies
Authors: Yin Jie , Lou Ke , Gong Guanhua
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of effective utilization of renewable energy, energy Internet technology came into being. As the key equipment of the energy Internet, the research on energy routers is of great importance. This paper introduces the energy router from the aspects of structure and operation mode, and summarizes a general energy router structure. At the same time, the control strategies of the energy router are systematically discussed. In view of the complex and diverse control strategies of the current energy router, this paper summarizes the research status of energy router control strategies and discusses the control strategies according to different classification methods.
Optimal Electricity Decomposition Method for New Energy Grid-Connected System based on Q-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Chen Jinhui , Yang Zi , Wang Zhengfeng , Yang Na , Fu Rong
Published: October 2022

Since the traditional contract power decomposition in the power trading market is difficult to meet the needs of new energy participating in the system operation, an optimal decomposition method of contract power based on the Q-learning algorithm under the uncertainty of new energy power is proposed. Considering the uncertainty of new energy power output, an optimization model to minimize the power purchase cost of the power grid is established. Given the uncertainty of the newly added electricity and the quotation in the market transaction, it is proposed to use the enhanced Q-learning algorithm to obtain the contract decomposition of electricity. According to the actual annual contract electricity data, the monthly optimal decomposition results of contract electricity are obtained, which verifies the economy and effectiveness of the optimal electricity decomposition method.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Friction Pendulum Isolation Device for Transformer
Authors: Sun Yuhan , Xue Yaodong , Lu Zhicheng , Gao Po
Published: October 2022

Electrical equipment has high vulnerability under strong earthquakes due to its own material and structure characteristics. The seismic performance of electrical equipment can be effectively improved by installing isolation devices. Based on the finite element simulation, this paper establishes the finite element simulation model of the friction pendulum isolation device suitable for the main transformer electrical equipment, calculates and compares the mechanical response of the isolation device under different design parameters. The results show that the friction pendulum isolation device with conventional design can meet the load-bearing requirements of the main transformer under conventional conditions; increasing the friction coefficient can effectively improve the energy dissipation effect of the friction pendulum isolation device, but the increase of the friction coefficient will limit the design displacement of the isolation device, and the specific isolation effect needs to be further evaluated; changing the curvature radius of sliding surface has little effect on energy dissipation of friction pendulum isolation device. The research results in this paper can provide research basis for the application of friction pendulum isolation device in the field of electrical equipment.
Research on Calibration Method of Electronic Transformer Based on Correlation and Lattice Notch Filter
Authors: Chen Mianzhou , Li Hongbin , Zhang Chuanji
Published: October 2022

The calibration method of electronic transformer is one of the key technologies to ensure the gradual improvement of reliability and accuracy. For the phenomenon that the electronic transformer is affected by working condition, the measurement signal contains harmonics, noise and frequency fluctuation, a calibration method based on correlation and lattice notch filter is proposed. The simplified adaptive lattice notch filter is used to preprocess the collected data and extract frequency, filter out the interference of harmonics and noise, and improve the precision of the ratio error. And the interpolation correlation method which is not sensitive to noise and harmonic is used to calculate the phase difference. For the non integral period sampling caused by frequency fluctuation, the sampling data is interpolated according to the size of frequency offset. This process achieves the integral period sampling and further improve the calibration precision of angle error. Simulation results show that under the strong harmonic and noise interference the proposed method can filter out interference signals and overcome the influence of frequency fluctuation. And the results of calibrating measured data of electronic transformer show that the algorithm can fully satisfy the calibration requirements of 0.2 level electronic transformer.
Output analysis and capacity configuration of green backup power supply in data center
Authors: Li Xudong , Song Jieying , Yang Peng , Dong Zengbo , Yang Shihui , He Jinwei
Published: October 2022

The backup power supply ensures the stability and reliability of the power supply for a data center. Starting from green backup power supply, this paper studies the selection and configuration method of energy storage mode of backup power supply according to the backup power demand of data center and peak regulation demand of power grid, and analyzes different forms of green backup power supply and the output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell. Aiming at improving the economy of green backup power assisted peak regulation, the capacity configuration principles of hydrogen energy storage and electrochemical energy storage technology are clarified, and then the capacity configuration of standby power in data center is simulated. The results show that the capacity configuration requirements of lithium battery, fuel cell and hydrogen storage tank corresponding to engineering life can be obtained through algorithm optimization.