bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL FISHERY PORT DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF PASONGSONGAN COASTAL FISHING PORT TECHNICAL SERVICES UNIT, SUMENEP REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Subari Slamet , Zaen Harun , Sugiarti Teti , Priyanto Moh. Wahyudi
Published: February 2025

The operations of the Coastal Fishing Port Technical Services Unit (Port-TSU henceforth) in Pasongsongan face several challenges that obstruct port activities. First, the anchorage has become more shallow due to the sedimentation resulting from the Angsono River’s erosion. Second, the limited area of the anchoring pool makes it difficult for fishing boats to anchor. Third, the shipping lanes, just like the anchorage, have become more shallow due to sedimentation from the mouth of the Angsono River. Fourth, the limited loading and unloading docks result in long queues, which not only delay ship activities in the queue but also reduce the quality of catches. Fifth, the damaged roads and drainage systems around the port pose a challenge to the loading and unloading activities. Considering these challenges, this research aims to evaluate Port-TSU facilities in Pasongsongan, understand the causes of Angsono River sedimentation, and formulate development strategies for the Port-TSU. The results show that the condition of Port-TSU facilities is generally adequate according to Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 08 of 2012. However, the rapid erosion of the Angsono watershed caused the shallowing of the anchor pool and shipping lanes. The underlying causes are monoculture farming practices, lack of agroforestry implementation, and the absence of agricultural terracing systems. The development strategy recommendation is to dredge the anchorage and shipping lanes and extend the pier. Other recommendations include implementing watershed management through agroforestry and terracing systems in the Angsono River watershed to minimize erosion and increase loading and unloading capacity by adding a conveyor belt to accelerate processes and reduce ship queues.
Implementation Of Profit Sharing System In Cattle Farming Business Reviewed From The Perspective Of Matter (Case Study Of Siarang-Arang Plantation Village)
Authors: Nasution Irsan Al Fadhil , Rahma Tri Inda Fadhila , Muhaisin Ahmad
Published: February 2025

The profit sharing system is a cooperation agreement between the capital owner and the capital manager, where the profit is divided according to the agreement. In the Siarang-arang plantation village, the practice of mudharabah is still carried out verbally and based on trust without a written agreement, which has the potential to cause usury and gharar. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the profit sharing system is applied by cattle farms and whether it is in accordance with Islamic principles. In this study using qualitative research with collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. So the results of this study that the Siarang-arang plantation village has implemented a profit-sharing system with a mudharabah contract that is in accordance with the basic principles of Islamic sharia. This strengthens both between the actors of the contract and maintains harmony between the local community.
Relación entre salud mental positiva y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de enfermería, Lima -2024
Authors:   , Caballero Diego Nicole , Camacho Estrada Josie Morelia
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre salud mental positiva y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada, Lima - 2024. Metodología: Investigación observacional, transversal realizada en alumnos de enfermería. Se empleó la "Escala de salud mental positiva" y "Escala de Habilidades sociales". Se ajustaron modelos de regresión binomial negativos y se calcularon los IC del 95% para determinar la asociación de covariables con la variable dependiente. Resultados: De los 296 estudiantes de enfermería, la edad media fue de 20.15 años ± 1.86; el 87% son féminas y solo el 71.6% estudia exclusivamente; la mayor población de estudiantes se ubica en los ciclos académicos menores en comparación con los ciclos mayores. Las dimensiones “autoexpresión en situaciones sociales” con 88.5% y “resolución de problemas y autoactualización” con 66.2% que corresponden a las variables habilidades sociales (HS) y salud mental positiva (SMP), respectivamente reflejaron un nivel alto. Se encontró asociación alta en los estudiantes respecto a la SMP y HS, análisis bivariado (RP: 5.41, IC 95%: 3.08 - 9.49), y multivariado (RP: 5.20, IC 95%: 2.94 - 9.19) después de ajustar por las covariables. Por otro lado, los que estudian y trabajan (RP: 0.53, IC 95%: 0.25 - 1.15) muestran un alto nivel de SMP. Conclusiones: Se determinó que las variables analizadas muestran una relación significativa, realizadas en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada.
Determinación del tipo de gingivitis felina mediante biopsia de pacientes de una veterinaria del distrito de Magdalena del Mar
Authors:   , Chunga La Rosa Cyntia Luz
Published: February 2025

Las enfermedades dentales y bucales son comunes en la medicina de animales menores, principalmente en los gatos, estando asociado principalmente a la gingivitis linfoplasmocítica. Esta última es consecuencia de una enfermedad idiopática altamente desafiante ya que los tratamientos no suelen ser efectivos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el tipo de gingivitis felina mediante una descripción histopatológica a partir de la toma de biopsias de la mucosa gingival de gatos atendidos en una clínica veterinaria en el distrito de Magdalena del Mar durante los meses de agosto a septiembre en el año 2021. Para este estudio se colecto 31 muestras de mucosa gingival de gatos, las cuales fueron procesadas y evaluadas histopatológicamente. Todos los pacientes evaluados presentaron signos clínicos similares tales como disfagia, halitosis, molestias orales, sialorrea y pérdida de peso. El 61.3% (19/31) de los pacientes presentaron gingivitis linfoplasmocítica, donde se pudo observar la presencia de células Mott en el 15.8% (3/19); el 16.1% presento congestión (5/31), el 3.2% estomatitis crónica (1/31), el 9.7% acantosis (3/31), el 3.2% gingivitis neutrofílica (1/31) y el 6.5% erosión (2/31). La gingivitis linfoplasmocítica tuvo la mayor frecuencia en la población con un 61.3% del cual el 58% presentaban un grado subagudo (11/19), el 63% fueron hembras (12/19) y el 60% estuvieron dentro del rango de edad de 3 a 9 años (12/20). El uso de este diagnóstico más preciso permitirá establecer tratamientos y estrategias de control específicos, que permita la recuperación del paciente en pos del bienestar animal.
Structure of the 30S translation initiation complex coupled to paused RNA polymerase and its potential for riboregulation
Authors: Luisi Ben , Roske Johann , Paris Giulia , Goyal Akanksha , Rodnina Marina , Zenkin Nikolay , Bandyra Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

In many bacterial species, transcription and translation can be coupled physically, with potential impact on the rates and efficiency of gene expression. Here, we present structural evidence from cryo-EM demonstrating that a bacterial RNA polymerase that is paused proximally to the promoter can associate with the pioneering 30S translation initiation complex (30S IC) through mutual binding of the transcription factor NusG. These findings suggest that the physical link between transcription and translation can be established prior to commitment to protein synthesis. Although the mRNA is embedded in this ‘early expressome’ complex, it can nonetheless interact with small regulatory RNA (sRNA) and be targeted for cleavage in the protein-coding region by the RNA degradosome assembly in vitro. The potential tagging of transcripts with sRNA during pioneering and subsequent stages of translation initiation, when the 30S IC is at the 5′ end of a polyribosome, may support surveillance processes that ensure efficient and rapid termination of gene expression in response to regulatory signals.
Comparative Study of Host DNA Depletion Methods for Microbial Metagenomics
Authors: Farraj Suha A. , El-Kafrawy Sherif A. , Kumosani Taha A. , Yousef Jehad M. , Alsubhi Tagreed L. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Bajrai Leena H. , Badreddine Samar A. , Atrouni Ahmed Al , Azhar Esam I.
Published: February 2025

One of the biggest obstacles in applying metagenomics in the clinical field is the increase of human genome reads in the resulting sequences. In this study, three depletion methods were compared that utilize the methylation of cytosine in human DNA as a mechanism of action. Two commercial kits NEBNext Microbiome DNA Enrichment Kit and MethylMiner™ Methylated DNA Enrichment Kit bind methylated cytosines to specific antibodies, along with MspJI restriction enzyme that digests methylated cytosines. The depletion methods were applied to a HeLa cell suspension (as a source for the human genome) spiked with well-characterized bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, ‎‎Klebsiella pneumoniae and Cryptococcus neoformans. The products of the depletion methods were run in parallel with undepleted samples as controls on Miseq. The outcome of the NEBNext Microbiome DNA Enrichment Kit showed the most significant decrease in human genome (p = 0.005) compared to undepleted samples and a significant increase in both K. pneumoniae (p = 0.005) and S. aureus reads (p = 0.014). While MethylMiner™ Methylated DNA Enrichment kit showed a significant increase for C. neoformans (p = 0.007) besides a significant increase in the percent coverage of the references for C. neoformans and K. pneumoniae (p = 0.046 and p = 0.004, respectively). Results showed that both kits could help in depleting human DNA and enriching spiked pathogens in the study sample. The findings of this study are recommended to be validated on a large number of clinical samples.
Piety, Social Pressure, and Riya’: Religious Practices of Yogyakarta Urban Muslim Youth in Digital Media
Authors: Achfandhy Mochammad Irfan , Rohmatulloh Dawam Multazamy
Published: February 2025

This article examines the relationship between piety, social pressure, and riya’ among urban Muslim youth in Yogyakarta who use social media to express religiousity, and the way the youth negotiate to deal with the contradiction between displayed piousness and religious norms. Employing a phenomenological approach this article explore the negotiation of ambiguity among urban Muslim youth, in particular the urban students actively involved in lecture series branded Ngaji Filsafat conducted by Dr. Fahruddin Faiz. This article argue that not only digital media provide space for youth to express their piety, it also offer bigger social pressure to gain social validation for their (digital) existence, in the form of likes and followers, for instance. The social pressure increases ethical ambiguity, where expressions of online piety can be considered as violating a moral principle of religiosity, namely riya’. Finally, this article contributes to debates on the intersection of religion and media, especially on the aspect of individual negotiation space in responding to biases and dilemmas arising from the hybridity of the two.
EDUCACAO BILINGUE EM MOCAMBIQUE: INFLUENCIA DOS RECURSOS INFRA-ESTRUTURAIS E DIDATICOS NA QUALIDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors:   Mestrado em Ensino de Ingles/Educacao Universidade Pedagogica de Maputo Maputo, Matola, Mocambique, Jonasse Mazivile Patricio
Published: February 2025

Mestrado em Ensino de Ingles/Educacao Universidade Pedagogica de Maputo Maputo, Matola, Mocambique
EFFECT OF 12 WEEKS OF INTENSIVE LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION ON TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: M. Talmale Priyal , Phatak Mrunal
Published: February 2025

India is known as diabetic capital of the world and growing in age group between 20 and 70 years.The reason for rising prevalence of diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases are due to various factors like rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diet and stress. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, which leads to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Symptoms of DM include increased thirst, frequent urination and increased appetite and complications includes microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic issues. Lifestyle Medicine is a medical specialty that uses lifestyle interventions as a primary modality to treat chronic conditions including, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 DM, and obesity. Lifestyle medicine clinician are the certified clinicians who are trained to apply evidence-based, prescriptive lifestyle changes to treat and, to reverse such chronic conditions. By applying the pillars of lifestyle medicine that are a whole plant-based food, physical activity, restorative sleep, stress management, and positive social connection provides effective prevention for these chronic diseases. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the effect of 12 weeks structured lifestyle intervention programmed on complications in chronic type 2 DM.
IMPACT OF FAMILY FINANCIAL COMMUNICATION ON CHILDRENS EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India., Sharma Kavita , Gera Manju ,   Professor, Centre for Distance and Online Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Published: February 2025

The increasing cost of education due to inflation is putting a heavy financial burden on families, making it crucial to understand how these expenses affect family dynamics and childrens educational aspirations. This study, conducted in the Chandigarh region of India, investigates the relationship between family financial communication and childrens educational aspirations. Using a qualitative approach, the research focused on students who completed the All-India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE). Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with parents and children, exploring how families discuss finances and the impact of these discussions on childrens educational aspirations. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes.The results revealed that families with frequent and constructive financial conversations are more likely to have children who are driven and self-assured in their pursuit of academic and professional goals. In contrast, the absence of financial communication within families often leads to children feeling uncertain and confused, resulting in diminished drive and ambition. Additionally, families with high levels of financial planning and savings for education tend to have children with higher aspirations for higher education and successful careers, viewing education as a crucial investment in their future.
Relationship of Nonverbal Communication Functions with Structural and Pragmatic Language Skills in Children with ASD
Authors: Alak Gamze , Ökcün Akçamuş Meral Çilem
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Children with ASD display diverse developmental traits and face difficulties in communication and language abilities. Nonverbal communication functions are hypothesized to be a significant factor among the variables related to the diverse and complex nature of language and communication skills. Existing research has demonstrated these relationships; however, it has limitations, including a focus on specific language skills and communication functions, reliance on standardized language measures, and examination of only English-speaking children. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationships between initiating joint attention (IJA), responding joint attention (RJA), and initiating behavior regulation (IBR) nonverbal communication functions, as well as structural language skills (number of different words [NDW]), mean length of utterance [MLU]) and pragmatic language skills (taking turns in conversation [TTC]) in Turkish-speaking children with ASD.
Method: This study employed a correlational design, a quantitative research method. The research group consisted of 102 children with ASD, with an average age ranging from approximately 34 to 98 months. Structured observational tasks were employed to evaluate the functions of nonverbal communication. Language sample analyses were utilized to assess language skills.
Findings: The correlation analysis results indicated significant correlations between IJA, RJA, and IBR with NDW, MLU, and TTC. The analysis of hierarchical regression indicated that RJA and IJA significantly predicted NDW, MLU, and TTC, while IBR did not predict any language skills.
Discussion: In Turkish-speaking children with ASD, the role of declarative communication is significant for the development of certain language skills within the structural and pragmatic domains.
α-IMINOCARBENOS METÁLICOS DERIVADOS DE N-SULFONIL-1,2,3-TRIAZÓIS NA SÍNTESE DE ALCALOIDES
Authors: V. Souza Vinícius , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: February 2025

α-IMINO METAL CARBENES DERIVED FROM N-SULFONYL-1,2,3-TRIAZOLES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ALKALOIDS. The study of carbenes and metal carbenes has attracted researchers from different countries due to the versatility of these reactive species in preparative organic chemistry. In this review, we discuss the structural aspects, reactivity, and formation methods of carbenes, which provide theoretical support for understanding the structure/reactivity relationship of metal carbenes, whose classifications and formation methods have been presented. Emphasis is placed on the class of α-imino metal carbenes, which have allowed the construction of various heterocyclic compounds, including alkaloids with complex structures. Total and formal syntheses of nitrogencontaining compounds using α-imino metal carbenes from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles have been reviewed. In this regard, an overview of the synthetic routes established in these works, including the key reactions highlighted by the authors, has been provided.
Levantamento dos requisitos de uma ferramenta computacional de apoio à sala de aula invertida
Authors:   , Almeida Lucianna Marylin Batista de
Published: February 2025

As constantes transformações propiciadas pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação
(TIC) possibilitaram o aprimoramento e surgimento de metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem
inovando e transformando a realidade educacional. Dentre essas modalidades destaca-se nessa
pesquisa a sala de aula invertida ou flipped classroom, uma proposta de aprendizagem ativa
que altera a lógica de organização do ensino presencial, no qual o conteúdo é estudado antes
dos alunos frequentarem a sala de aula, enfatizando a participação ativa do aluno na busca do
conhecimento e o trabalho em equipe durante a resolução de tarefas, oportunizando vivenciar
práticas educativas que permitem a execução simultânea entre teoria e prática. No entanto, ao
utilizar essa metodologia, um problema que ocorre durante sua aplicação é a dificuldade para
o professor (facilitador) acompanhar todo o processo de desenvolvimento das atividades
realizadas fora da sala de aula. Desse modo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um
diagnóstico situacional das práticas e dificuldades encontradas pelos educadores na aplicação
da sala de aula invertida, servindo de base para delimitar os requisitos para um sistema
multiagente de apoio à sala de aula invertida de acordo com as necessidades dos usuários,
com o objetivo de corrigir o problema inerente à implementação dessa teoria da
aprendizagem. Os encaminhamentos metodológicos fundamentam-se em três tipos nos
métodos desing: thinking, centrado no usuário e o interativo, nos quais devido assemelhar-se
em vários pontos, optou-se por descrever, de maneira breve, um resumo de atividades
desenvolvidas em cada etapa, com os aspectos relacionados a cada um deles, enfatizando que
o conjunto dessas etapas compõe o ciclo de desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa. Os fundamentos
metodológicos da pesquisa estão apoiados nos critérios de Apolinário (2016) e na formulação
de duas hipóteses propostas por Morettin (2010). Dessa forma, o resultado dessa pesquisa foi
a criação de um módulo específico para apoiar educadores durante a aplicação da sala de aula
invertida, inserido no moodle
Concepções e ações de professores de arte/música no ensino médio integrado do IFRN
Authors:   , Silva Ruãnn Cézar Cezário
Published: February 2025

Esta pesquisa aborda as concepções e ações do ensino de Arte/Música em dois campi do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN. Tem, como objetivo geral, investigar as concepções e ações do ensino de Arte/Música no ensino médio integrado. E, como objetivos específicos, compreender os fundamentos teóricos a respeito da formação integrada; desvelar os regimentos da educação profissional e tecnológica; estudar as concepções e ações do Projeto Político-Pedagógico-IFRN; examinar as propostas de trabalho da disciplina Arte/Música nos Cursos Técnicos Integrado de Nível Médio Integrado regular e na modalidade EJA; averiguar a prática docente dos professores de Arte/Música; compreender as concepções e ações dos docentes sobre as fundamentações que estruturam os documentos norteadores pedagógicos. A metodologia usada nesse estudo foi a pesquisa multicaso. Os dados analisados foram coletados por meio de análise documental, observação direta e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontaram para a distinção prática entre os docentes, assim como em relação às diretrizes curriculares da instituição. Os métodos e metodologias dos professores fundamentam-se essencialmente em abordagens práticas musicais, estruturando os conteúdos a partir de criação de espetáculos e grupos musicais. Tais práticas observadas e contempladas nos discursos dos professores se mostraram bastante reflexivas, considerando-se o que é instituído como diretrizes norteadoras do ensino de Arte/Música no IFRN
Gene Expression Variations Induced by Sevoflurane in Glia and Glioma Cells and the Role of EPHA3 in Sevoflurane’s Anti-Glioma Effect
Authors: Liu Hui , Yu Hao , Cao Yu , Gao Yang , Wei Shaoting , Shi Jinghui , Liu Desheng
Published: February 2025

Introductions:

Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic in surgery, can produce
anesthetic effects such as sedation and muscle relaxation upon inhalation, which
may lead to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism by
which sevoflurane affects nervous system diseases like glioma remains unclear.

Method:

In this study, we analyzed high-throughput single-cell transcriptome data of
sevoflurane treatment and identified immune cells that play crucial roles in biological
processes such as the immunoinflammatory response and the maintenance of the blood-
-brain barrier. A total of 11,244 genes and their variations were obtained by analyzing
the cell development trajectory. Additionally, 10 key genes affected by sevoflurane were
manually retrieved, and their protein-protein interaction network was constructed. The
Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset was utilized for survival analysis.

Results:

This article reveals that sevoflurane can generate anesthetic effects through signaling
pathways such as the immunoinflammatory response, neuronal differentiation,
and the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, all of which have implications for organ
injury and protection. Meanwhile, genes that play a key role in these immune pathways,
such as the DAAM2 and EPHA3 genes, are significantly associated with the survival of
glioma patients. This association implies that sevoflurane's influence on these genes
might potentially affect postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the overall outcome of
organ-organ interactions during and after surgery. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated
that sevoflurane inhibits the invasion and migration of glioma cells by suppressing
the expression of EPHA3.

Conclusion:

The discovery of this new target may pave the way for identifying causative
gene regulation events and emphasize personalized treatments for nervous system
diseases.
Exploring the Dynamics of Asparagus racemosus Phytochemicals as Dual Target Inhibitors of Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Mishra Saurav Kumar , Chandra Anshuman , Mitra Namrata , Krishna Nikita , Singh Nagendra , Akash Shopnil , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Bourhia Mohammed , Georrge John J.
Published: February 2025

Aim:

This study aimed to screen the potential phytochemicals derived from
Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) against Thymidylate Kinase (TMPK) and D9 decapping
enzyme, which is the vital target of the monkeypox virus and helps in the host--
pathogen interaction mechanism, using integrated docking, QSAR analysis, and a molecular
dynamics approach.

Background:

The Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) is a recently emerging outbreak with ongoing
infection cases. Drugs and vaccines for smallpox are being used to contain it.
However, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to combat this infection.

Methods:

The TMPK and D9 decapping enzymes were retrieved from the MPXV virus
UK strain in FASTA format. Due to the unavailability of an experimentally determined
structure, the 3D structure was modelled via SWISS-MODEL and further enhanced and
validated. The structure was subjected to docking analysis with the derived phytochemicals
from Asparagus racemosus using a maestro module. The potential inhibitors were
examined via QSAR analysis. Additionally, through MD simulation 250ns, the stability
was analyzed, and the MM-GBSA was employed to calculate the binding affinities.

Results:

The molecular investigation revealed asparoside-C (PubChem ID: 158598) and
asparoside-D (PubChem ID: 158597) to be potential hits among others for both targets
(TMPK and D9 decapping enzyme) compared to the reference drugs, i.e., tecovirimat,
brincidofovir, and cidofovir, possessing antiviral and required bioactivity analyzed via
the ADME and QSAR analyses. Moreover, the simulation study of over 250ns revealed
strong stability, followed by RMSD, RMSF, etc. The free energy calculation via MMGBSA
exhibited strong affinities of asparoside-C and asparoside-D towards the TMPK
and the D9 decapping enzyme according to their respective scores.

result:

The molecular investigation revealed Asparoside-C; (PubChem ID: 158598) and Asparoside-D (PubChem ID: 158597) as potential hits among others for both targets (TMPK and D9 decapping enzyme) compared to the reference drugs, i.e., Tecovirimat, Brincidofovir, and Cidofovir and also possess antiviral and required bioactivity analysed via the ADME and QSAR analysis. Moreover, the simulation study of over 250ns revealed strong stability, followed by their RMSD, RMSF, etc. The free energy calculation via MM-GBSA exhibited strong affinities of Asparoside-C and Asparoside-D towards the TMPK and the D9 decapping enzyme by their respective scores.

Conclusion:

The docking, QSAR, and simulation investigation revealed dual-target inhibitors
activity of phytochemicals from Asparagus racemosus towards the MPXV via
targeting TMPK and D9 decapping enzyme. It has been observed that asparoside-D and
asparoside-C can potentially combat MPXV.
50-Must Know Key Named Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms
Authors: Elzagheid Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Organic reactions involve the breaking and formation of bonds, particularly sigma bonds (single
bonds) and pi bonds (double and triple bonds). Organic chemists are often more interested in how a reaction
works than in why it occurs. With foreknowledge and experience of the reaction details, chemists can generate
new compounds and provide a sequential description of each step in the transformations that result in new
products. Reaction mechanisms may consist of many steps, including intermediates (like carbocations, carbanions,
free radicals, or other species) or transition states between reactants and products. This article will cover
50 key named organic reactions, including every step in each reaction, and their products. In addition, more
information on reaction discovery and applications will be discussed. This list represents just a small percentage
of the many chemical reactions known in organic chemistry.
Tauopathy in AD: Therapeutic Potential of MARK-4
Authors: Mumtaz  , Ahmed Faraha , Rabbani Syed Arman , El-Tanani Mohamed , Najmi Abul Kalam , Ali Javed , Khan Mohammad Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of cognitive decline, which leads
to dementia and poses significant challenges for its therapy. The reason is primarily the ineffective
available treatments targeting the underlying pathology of AD. It is a neurodegenerative disease
that is mainly characterised by the various molecular pathways contributing to its complex pathology,
including extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs),
oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. One of the crucial features is the hyperphosphorylation
of tau proteins, which is facilitated by microtubule affinity-regulating kinase-4 (MARK-4). The kinase
plays a crucial role in the disease development by modifying microtubule integrity, leading
to neuronal dysfunction and death. MARK-4 is thus a druggable target and has a pivotal role in
AD. Amongst MARK-4 inhibitors, 16 compounds demonstrate significant capacity in molecular
docking studies, showing high binding affinity to MARK-4 and promising potential for tau inhibition.
Further, in-vitro investigations provide evidence of their neuroprotective properties. The present
review mainly focuses on the role of MARK-4 and its potential inhibitors used in treating
AD, which have been thoroughly investigated in silico and in vitro.
Smartphone-assisted Colorimetric Detection of Hg (II) in an Organized Medium Applying Polyethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Stabilized
Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Sarzamin , Rehman Sabeela , Khan Nazish Huma , Khan Waseeq , Ali Jawad , Toloza Carlos A. T. , - Tahir , Alzahrani Eman , . Zaibi
Published: February 2025

Background:

Mercury (Hg) is a highly neurotoxic pollutant present in different environmental
matrices. Herein, a simple and sensitive assay is proposed for Hg detection in environmental
water samples employing polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether (PGME) stabilized silver nanoparticles
(PGME-AgNPs).

Methods:

The prepared PGME-AgNPs were characterized by absorption, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential
measurements. The addition of Hg(II) to an aqueous matrix changed the color of the sensor, following
a decrease in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band intensity.

Results:

The detected response was proportional to Hg (II) concentrations and the analytical response
comprised a change in absorbance versus concentrations from 4.0 to 24 × 10-8 mol L-1 (0.8 –
4.8 μg L-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.0 nmol L-1 (0.08 μg L-1). Additionally, the sensor
was integrated with the RGB color values of a smartphone, enabling its use as a portable sensor
for rapid Hg(II) at a concentration level ranging from 6.0 to 24 × 10-8 mol L-1 (1.2 - 4.8 μg L-1).
Spectrophotometric and RGB color value-based approaches were applied for the quantification of
Hg(II) in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.5 to 105%.

Conclusion:

The proposed colorimetric method with a smart assisted approach was proven a very
simple, and quick method, demonstrating practical applicability for on-site Hg screening of aqueous
matrices.
A Multifunctional Cyclodextrin-based Metal-organic Material for the Visual and Selective Detection of Ag+ and Adsorption of Congo Red
Authors: Liu Lingruo , Liu Shangying , Han Dandan , Meng Qingguo , Niu Can , Wang Zhiqiang , Xin Xuelian
Published: February 2025

Background:

The cyclodextrin-based metal-organic complex (CD-MONT-2) exhibits
Pb (II)-rings-based luminescence and water-stable properties. In this paper, it was successfully
utilized as a multifunctional material, applied as a fluorescent probe for Ag+ and an adsorbent for
Congo red.

Methods:

X-ray powder diffraction analysis (PXRD), fluorescence analysis (FL), UV-Vis
spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SEM X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (SEMEDS)
were employed to study and prove the mechanism Ag2O-involved.

Results:

The fluorescence intensity clearly decreases as Ag+ solution (1 mM in H2O) is added continuously.
At a dose of 1.67 mM, the maximum fluorescence "turn-off" condition is reached, and at
432 nm, the fluorescence quenching percentage is almost 65%. The adsorption capacity of
CD-MONT-2 for Congo Red is 22.95 mg/g, with a removal rate of 71.98%. Methyl orange follows with
an adsorption capacity of 7.46 mg/g and a removal rate of 22.83%. The adsorption ability of rhodamine B
by CD-MONT-2 is poor, the adsorption amount is 6.76 mg/g, and the removal rate is 19.75%.

Conclusion:

The multifunctional CD-MONT-2 is utilized as an Ag+ probe through fluorescence
quenching and naked-eye detection with good sensitivity and selectivity. The max fluorescence
quenching percentage is 65% with the Ag+ concentration of 1.67 mM, and the LOD is calculated to
be 0.3856 mM. As an adsorbent, we found that the Congo red (anionic dyes) could be efficiently
adsorbed. The adsorption performance may come from the mutual attraction of positive and
negative charges, and the interaction between CD-MONT-2-OH and Congo red-NH2. The kinetic
results indicate that the adsorption process of CD-MONT-2 on CR is more in line with the pseudo second-
order kinetic fitting model and is influenced by chemical reactions.
Biosynthesized Nanoparticles as Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hataminejad Maryam , Nayeri Tooran , Ahmadi Somayyeh , Anvari Davood , Azizi Hakim , Gholami Shirzad , Esboei Bahman Rahimi
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of cystic echinococcosis
(CE), a tropical disease that is widely distributed yet often overlooked. As a major zoonotic
parasitic disease, it impacts both humans and animals. Given the lack of a viable vaccine,
therapy remains the sole preventive option for CE. This systematic review aims to consolidate
existing research on biosynthesized nanoparticles as potential drugs for treating hydatid cyst
protoscoleces in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo.

Methods:

This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive global
search was performed without date restrictions up to October 15th, 2024, using Google Scholar
and six English-language databases, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and
Web of Science, to gather all relevant articles. The keywords used in the search were "protoscolicidal",
"scolicidal", "protoscolex", "scolex", "nanoparticle", "nanomedicine", "nanomaterial",
"green synthesis", "biosynthesis", "hydatid cyst", "cystic echinococcosis", and "Echinococcus
granulosus".

Results:

Out of the 2185 studies considered, this systematic review included twenty. Of these,
thirteen (65%) were conducted in vitro, three (15%) were in vitro/ex vivo, two (10%) were in
vivo, one (5%) was in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo, and one (5%) was in vitro/in vivo. The results indicated
that metal nanoparticles, including silver, gold, zinc, copper, and selenium (n = 13, 65%),
were the most commonly used biosynthesized nanoparticles in the study. Metal oxide nanoparticles,
such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and silver-zinc oxide, were the next most
frequent (n = 6, 30%). Lastly, a single study (n = 1, 5%) utilized polymeric nanoparticles, specifically
chitosan-based ones.

Conclusion:

This systematic review highlights the promising potential of biosynthesized nanoparticles
as protoscolicidal agents against E. granulosus. The analysis of 20 studies revealed a
predominant focus on metal nanoparticles, particularly silver, gold, zinc, copper, and selenium,
which exhibited notable efficacy across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo settings. The findings emphasize
the necessity of exploring diverse nanoparticle types, such as metal oxides and polymeric
nanoparticles, to enhance treatment strategies for this neglected zoonotic disease.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Integrating Modern Technology for Enhanced Therapeutics
Authors: Kathuria Tanvi , Saharan Renu , Dhankhar Sanchit , Mahajan Shushank , Beniwal Suresh Kumar , Chauhan Samrat , Dahiya Preeti , Verma Inderjeet , Yasmin Sabina
Published: February 2025

Background:

In recent years, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have gained
popularity as a non-invasive, patient-friendly medication delivery method.

Objective:

This review article examines the latest transdermal medication delivery developments
and breakthroughs. The review begins with a brief summary of transdermal medication administration,
stressing the skin's barrier role and drug permeation methods. Novel materials and
methods improve drug solubility, stability, and skin permeability in formulation technologies.

Methods:

A literature review of the most recent innovations in TDDS, such as nano-based delivery
systems, microneedles, and smart patches, was conducted. Major challenges of drug solubility, stability,
and skin permeability were carefully discussed, along with the transdermal patch designs of
new therapeutic applications in pain management, cardiovascular diseases, and hormone therapy.

Results:

Transdermal medication delivery difficulties may be overcome via nano-based drug delivery
systems, microneedle arrays, and smart patches. Furthermore, the paper discusses current
advances in transdermal patch design for therapeutic applications, highlighting effective instances
in pain management, cardiovascular illness, and hormone therapy.

Conclusion:

The article examines transdermal medication delivery regulations, safety, and patient
compliance in addition to technological advances. The complete study in this review seeks
to help academics, doctors, and pharmaceutical professionals understand transdermal drug delivery
and its future. Understanding recent advances in this field can help stakeholders design more
effective and patient-friendly transdermal drug delivery systems, enhancing treatment outcomes
and patient well-being.
Integrative Analysis of Single Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Data Reveals T-Cell Specific Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Assessment of Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Khan Mahfuj , Hossain Md. Arju , Islam Kh Mujahidul , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Apu Prosenjit Saha , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Ansari Siddique Akber , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: February 2025

Background:

Celiac Disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder caused by the activation
of CD4+ T cells that specifically target gluten and CD8+ T cells, further causing cell death
inside the epithelial layer despite no available established biomarkers of CD diagnosis.

Objective:

This work aimed to compare scRNA-seq and transcriptome data to find novel gene biomarkers
linked to T cells that might potentially be utilized for the diagnosis and assessment of CD.

Methods:

Collecting the scRNA and RNAseq datasets from the NCBI database, the Seurat package
of R studio, and the statistical analysis tool GREIN server were employed to identify Differentially
Expressed Genes (DEGs). Then, DAVID, FunRich, STRING, and NetworkAnalyst tools were utilized
to explore significant pathways, key hub proteins, and gene regulators.

Results:

After integrating genes and conducting a comparative analysis, a total of 115 genes were
identified as DEGs. Exosomes, MHC class II receptor activity, immune response, interferon gamma
signaling, and bystander B cell activation within the immune system pathways were the significant
Gene Ontology (GO) and metabolic pathways identified. Besides, eleven topological algorithms discovered
two hub proteins, namely HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, from the PPI network. Through the
analysis of the regulatory network, we have identified four crucial Transcription Factors (TFs), including
YY1, FOXC1, GATA2, and USF2, and seven significant miRNAs (hsa-mir-129-2-3p, and
hsa-mir-155-5p, etc.) in transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated. Validation of hub proteins
and transcription factors using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates the
acceptable value of the Area Under the Curve (AUC).

Conclusion:

This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomics data analysis to define
unique protein biomarkers associated with T cells throughout the progression of CD. Furthermore,
wet lab studies will be needed to validate the potential hub proteins, TFs, and miRNAs as
clinical biomarkers.

conclusion:

This study utilized single cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomics data analysis to define unique protein biomarkers associated with T cells throughout the progression of CD.
Strategies for Coping with Burnout among Palestinian Mental Health Practitioners throughout Wartimes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ahmead Muna , Daqqa Ahmad. A. , Abu Lail Samah , Hadeed Raba , Ghafari Ikhlass
Published: February 2025

Background

During wartime, mental health professionals are more prone to mental health problems, such as burnout. Currently, there is less knowledge of the coping strategies employed by Palestinian mental health professionals to manage the consequences of wars and conflicts. In light of the ongoing political violence in Palestine, this study sought to investigate the prevalence of burnout and coping methods among mental health professionals.

Methods

The research design was cross-sectional. We used self-reported questionnaires to gather data, including the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Questionnaire and Brief COPE Scale. Multiple regression, Pearson correlation, and a Chi-square test were used to examine the association between the study variables and burn symptoms.

Results

Out of 514 participants, who were surveyed, there was a prevalence of high burnout (75.4%), emotional exhaustion (24.7%), depersonalization (11.9%), and inadequate personal accomplishment (19.6%). Professionals who reported struggling or being unable to interact with their clients during the political violence and those whose psychological state was negatively impacted by it were more likely to feel emotional exhaustion. Also, self-blame was found to raise the chance of emotional exhaustion, whereas planning decreased it. Depersonalization was more common in 31-40-year-olds. Humor and behavioral disengagement increased depersonalization, but religious coping lowered it. Furthermore, treating patients affected by political conflict, being male, not being single, and using substances decreased personal accomplishment, whereas venting increased it.

Conclusion

The results showed an elevated prevalence of burnout among mental health personnel during conflict and political violence. Therefore, it is critical to immediately provide mental health workers with stress management training and psychological support to enhance their psychological well-being. Additionally, they need help in learning how to effectively organize their time, manage activities, and distribute duties during political conflict.
Key Patent Technology of Litchi Intelligent Sorting System Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhou Han , Chen Danping , Zhao Feng , Lin Xiaoli
Published: February 2025

Background:

Litchi is a famous fruit with a large planting area and high output, which
has become a pillar industry in many regions. Due to many uncontrollable factors in the production
process, such as picking time, fruit size, weather conditions, etc., there are large differences in
the quality of litchi, which directly affect the sales price.

Methods:

This paper selected the intelligent sorting system based on image recognition technology
by investigating different types of intelligent sorting systems in the market. The sorting system
could identify litchi with small, fragile, and irregular shapes. By applying image recognition technology
to the field of litchi logistics, the problem of information asymmetry between fruit farmers
and logistics enterprises could be effectively solved. This paper designed an intelligent sorting system
based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which used image recognition and classification
technology to recognize litchi. By comparing the processing effects of different algorithms,
the CNN network suitable for the system architecture was selected for training.

Results:

The research results showed that under the same other conditions, the passing rate of the
intelligent litchi sorting system under the YOLOv5 was 11.1%, and the failing rate was 88.9%.
The passing rate of the intelligent litchi sorting system based on the CNN algorithm was 95.6%,
and the failing rate was 4.4%.

Conclusion:

It shows the positive relationship between the CNN algorithm and the litchi intelligent
sorting system, and shows that the system can effectively identify and sort litchi with different
shapes.
Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Jordanian Society Towards Halal Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jaber Deema , Salman Nadeem , Al Tabbah Samaa , El-Sharif Abdul-Rahim , Alkilani Ahlam Zaid , Qourshah Amjad
Published: February 2025

Background

Halal pharmaceuticals comply with Islamic dietary laws and ethical principles, addressing the needs of Muslim consumers. Understanding public awareness and attitudes towards these products is crucial for promoting informed healthcare decisions and religious adherence.

Objectives

Halal pharmaceuticals, adhering to Islamic principles, are essential in Muslim-majority countries. This study aimed to investigate the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of Jordanian society regarding halal pharmaceutical products.

Methods and Materials

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 914 participants from diverse demographic backgrounds in Jordan. The survey assessed awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning halal pharmaceuticals. Data analysis was performed to identify key determinants of KAP scores.

Results

The study revealed moderate knowledge about halal pharmaceuticals among participants, with 60.4% and 64.2% unfamiliar with the terms “halal pharmaceuticals” and “non-halal pharmaceuticals,” respectively. While 85.2% of participants recognized the prohibition of substances, such as derivatives of dead animals and alcohol, in pharmaceuticals, 66.2% lacked awareness of specific non-halal ingredients. When seeking information about halal medicines, 73.1% of participants relied on established institutions, while 68.4% used online resources. Pharmacists were identified as trusted sources by 61.7% of respondents. Gender, age, smoking status, education level, specialization, and job status significantly influenced KAP scores. Specifically, females exhibited higher knowledge and more favorable attitudes, with 64.1% of females reporting favorable knowledge, compared to 52.3% of males. Higher education levels also correlated with better KAP scores, with 74.5% of participants with a university education demonstrating more favorable practices compared to 55.7% of those without higher education.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the need for enhanced educational initiatives to bridge knowledge gaps and promote awareness about halal pharmaceuticals. Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and religious authorities are essential to ensure the availability and clear identification of halal pharmaceutical options, catering to the religious beliefs of patients and fostering informed healthcare decisions.