bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Legal Reading of World Anti-Doping Agency’s Gene Doping Guidance
Authors: Al-Dafrawi Ahmad Saad Ahmad
Published: January 2024

The genetic barrier negatively affected competitive athletic performance until the advent of gene therapy and genetic manipulation, which cast doubt on and impacted the legitimacy of sporting events. At that a critical point, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) interfered in such experimentation and application with a serious attempt to curb the problem and set things back on track with the healthiest standards in light of bioethics. However, the major problem that the agency has encountered and which this legal study wants to raise, and address is the legal consequences that result from the lack of a reliable method that provides sufficient evidence and definitive answers to confirm whether cellular and gene doping are occurring or not. This is study aims to demonstrate that the procedures for accusing players of using genetic modification and genetic change techniques are incorrect and insufficient and may be harmful. The suspicion must be interpreted in favour of the accused (i.e., the athlete) in accordance with the general principles of penal codification. However, some of the Agency's procedures are not compatible with the provisions of international treaties, not to mention they conflict with the Punitive legislation of numerous countries.
Reformulation of Decision-making System in ASEAN
Authors: Syofyan Ahmad , Azizah Siti , Akayleh Shaker Suleiman Ali Al , Panjaitan Oksha Dwi Anugrah , Kusworo Daffa Ladro
Published: January 2024

ASEAN is a regional organization for Southeast Asia that was established on 8 August 1967 by five ASEAN countries at the time, namely Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. Today, ASEAN has eleven members with Timor Leste as the youngest member. Like any other international organization, ASEAN has its own decision-making system. The decision-making system in ASEAN before the Charter was only consultation and consensus. That is, decision making based on the agreement of all members and can only be decided if no one refuses, this refers to the Bangkok Declaration. Meanwhile, after the establishment of the 2007 ASEAN Charter, there is a new decision-making system, namely ASEAN Minus-X. A decision-making system that does not rely on the approval of all its members, so that a policy can be decided even if only approved by a few members. This decision-making system can only be done in the economic field. From these two decision-making systems, there are several challenges that exist so that new ideas emerge to reformulate the decision-making system in ASEAN, which is considered relevant to the times and can accommodate all the interests of ASEAN members.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan Media Audio Visual untuk Meningkatkan Pembelajaran IPAS Materi Kerajaan-kerajaan di Nusantara pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Adiarsa Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Mukaromah Riyadhotul , Chamdani Muhamad , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah penerapan model Problem Based Learning dengan media audio visual, (2) meningkatkan pembelajaran IPAS, (3) mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi dalam penerapan model Problem Based Learning dengan media audio visual. Langkah-langkahnya yaitu: (1) orientasi masalah, (2) Mengorganisasikan siswa, (3) membimbing penyelidikan siswa, (4) menyajikan hasil kerja atau diskusi, (5) Menganalisis serta mengevaluasi proses. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi, wawancara,dan tes. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 4 SDN 1 Adiarsa yang berjumlah 15 orang. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian yang dihasilkan menunjukkan peningkatan pembelajaran IPAS tentang kerajaan-kerajaan di Nusantara dengan persentase siklus I sebesar 83,33%, siklus II sebesar 88,16% dan siklus III sebesar 92,50%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan model Problem Based Learningdapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran IPAS materi kerajaan-kerajaan di Nusantara pada siswa kelas IV SDN 1 Adiarsa tahun ajaran 2022/2023.
 
Pengembangan E-Modul Tutorial Pengelolaan Informasi Pengurus BUMDesa
Authors: Nisa Diny Eriska Khairun , Djono Djono , Sumaryati Sri
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk E-modul tutorial pengelolaan informasi pengurus BUMdesa dengan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) di Bojonegoro (2) mengetahui tingkat kelayakan dan efektivitas produk E-modul tutorial pengelolaan informasi pengurus BUMdesa dengan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) di Bojonegoro. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Molenda yaitu ADDIE. Prosedur pengembangan meliputi tahap analisis, tahapan pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan (development) dan evaluasi. Subjek uji coba merupakan pengurus desa di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar penilaian, angket respon, dan tes hasil pemahaman. E-modul tutorial pengelolaan informasi pengurus BUMdesa dengan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) di Bojonegoro dirasa cocok dan mudah digunakan oleh pengurus desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul elektronik (e-modul) tutorial pengelolaan informasi pengurus BUMdesa dengan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) di Bojonegoro menurut ahli materi, ahli media berada dalam kategori layak. Penerapan dan penggunaan e-modul secara umum dapat terlaksana dengan kategori layak dan mendapat respon positif dari pengurus desa.
Analisis Gaya Belajar terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Berbasis HOTS dalam Pembelajaran IPA SD
Authors: Wijayanti Murwani Dewi , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti , Indrapangastuti Dewi
Published: January 2024

Gaya belajar merupakan suatu metode peserta didik menerima informasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan antara macam-macam gaya belajar berdasarkan ciri-cirinya terhadap keterampilan proses sains berbasis HOTS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix method kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Design penelitian yang diterapkan adalah pre-experimental dengan Populasi sampel mahasiswa PGSD UNS semester V. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik terhadap gaya belajar visual, auditorial dan kinestetik dengan nilai signifikansi pretest keterampilan proses sains sebesar 32%dan nilai signifikansi posttest keterampilan proses sains sebesar 24%. Kesimpulan terdapat perbedaan gaya belajar terhadap keterampilan proses sains berbasis HOTS. Gaya belajar visual lebih menonjol dibandingkan dengan gaya belajar kinestetik dan audio. Berdasarkan Uji Kruskal Willis diperoleh nilai chi-square sebesar 6,34 dan nilai p-value 0,48. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan p-value lebih besar dari nilai kritis pada penelitian yang besarnya 0,05. Dengan demikian tidak ada pengaruh yang berbeda secara signifikan antara gaya belajar dan hasil belajar mahasiswa PGSD.

 
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPA Pada Materi Perpindahan Kalor Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Bakar Batu Papua Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V SD
Authors: Irman Muhamad , Budiarti Indah Slamet , Kusdianto Kusdianto
Published: January 2024

Bahan ajar yang efektif adalah bahan ajar yang relevan dengan alam sekitar dan pendekatan kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk bahan ajar IPA yang terintegrasi dengan kearifan bakar batu Papua, menganalisis kelayakan produk, dan menganalisis peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu R&D dengan metode Borg and Gall. Jumlah sampel 30 peserta kelas V.A dan V.C. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu intrumen wawancara, lembar validasi ahli media, materi dan bahasa, kuesioner, dan tes pretest-posttest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil validasi ahli materi, dan ahli bahasa, dan validasi guru kategori sangat valid. Respon peserta didik pada uji kelas terbatas diperoleh kategori sangat valid, serta diperoleh peningkatan nilai. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahan ajar IPA terintegrasi kearifan lokal bakar batu Papua layak digunakan dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
 

 

 
Pengaruh Bimbingan Orang Tua Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Salim Etty Maryati , Edy Edy , Kaimudin Kaimudin , Supriyatin Supriyatin
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bimbingan orang tua terhadap kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an siswa SD Negeri Meruyung.  Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasional kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu 55 orangtua dan siswa SD. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, angket, dokumentasi, tes dan wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) bimbingan orang tua anak tinggi berjumlah 19 orang (35%), sedang berjumlah 24 orang (44%), dan rendah berjumlah 12 orang (21%); (2) kemampuan anak membaca Al-Qur’an tinggi berjumlah 12 orang (22%), sedang berjumlah 32 orang (58%), dan rendah berjumlah 11 orang (20%); serta (3) bimbingan orang tua memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan anak membaca Al-Qur’an dengan r tabel maka taraf signifikansi 5% maupun 1% yaitu 0,273 < 0,992 > 0,354. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa bimbingan orang tua berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan membaca Al Qur’an.”

 
Profile of Deaths due to Drowning in a Tertiary Care Centre Located along Sea Shore and River Bank
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka, India., CR Shashikantha Naik , C Yogesh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India., R Lohith Kumar ,   Assistant Professor & I/C Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Chikkamagaluru Institute of Medical Sciences, Govt District Hospital, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka. India., Yadav Abishek ,   Additional Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi-110029.
Published: January 2024

context: Profiling of drowning is essential for understanding its full burden which is vital to resourcing and directing prevention efforts as drowning is still aone of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the factors associated with drowning cases recoded in a tertiary care centre located along sea shore and river bank in one year. settings and design: A retrospective content based analysis of drowning cases recorded in one year from January 1st 2019 to 31stDecember 2019 in a tertiary care centre located along sea shore and river bank and the results were tabulated. results: Of the 36 cases, 26 cases were males and 10 were females accounting for 76.3% and 27.7% respectively with 88.88% (32 cases) accidental drowning and 36.11% (13 cases) in the age group of 30-45 years. conclusions: Our study concludes that the middle-aged rural males form the majority of drowning in large water bodies highlighting the absence of safety measures and awareness of swimming skills contributing to the causal factors of drowning.
Robustness Index of Clavicle: A Beneficial but Less Explored Parameter for Sex Determination
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Pin-462026, Singh Anuradha , Baraw Rajendra ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Pin-46200, Yadav Jayanthi ,   Additional Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Pin-462026
Published: January 2024

context: Determination of sex in a mutilated or fragmented body eases the dilemma of a Forensic expert to a certain extent. Apart from other long bones, clavicle is one of the bones which is less explored but has drawn considerable interest in this field, particularly in relation to sexual dimorphism. aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of clavicle, based on Robustness Index in dry bone sample. materials and methods: The study was conducted in the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, on 100 cases (50 males and 50 females) in which medico-legal postmortem examination was done. Clavicle bone of the deceased in 25 to 60 year age group were collected during autopsy, dried and then examined for the study. Measured Robustness Index is the ratio of Maximum length of clavicle and Mid clavicular circumference. Prior approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken. results: Robustness Index was found to be larger in males compared to females in dry clavicle. By discriminant function analysis, sex can be estimated with an accuracy of about 81%. However, these values were found to be more accurate in males with accuracy of 82% for males and 80% for females. conclusions: Determination of sex by means of Robustness Index of clavicle can be considered a reliable indicator in dried state of the bone and the accuracy rate was high for males than females
Healthcare Policies and Judicial Regulations for Disposal of Unclaimed Dead Bodies: A Current Review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273008, India., Charmode Sundip Hemant , Mohanty Aroop ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273008, India., Kumar Subodh ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273008, India., Mishra Vivek ,   Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273008, India.
Published: January 2024

India leads the world in the number of registered medical institutions and produces the largest number of medical doctors in the world. Not with standing this, India struggles the concerns of cadaver shortage, patient unavailability (in hospitals), lack of medical equipment’s/ instruments, shortage of medical personnel and medicines which is largely due to the malfunctioning of Indian Regulatory bodies and flawed Educational, Healthcare and Judiciary policies. Few authors have written on the prevailing deficiencies in the Indian policies especially the ‘Anatomy Acts’ but failed to correlate them with the ‘Indian Judiciary Regulations’ and provide radical solutions to ensure an uninterrupted supply of cadavers to medical institutions for academic and research purpose. The objective of our article is to review the policies and acts enacted by the Indian Educational, Healthcare and Judiciary policies pertaining to the disposal of unclaimed dead bodies both, prior to COVID-19 and during COVID -19 pandemic period.
Histopathological Study of Extapulmonary Tuberculosis: 2 Year Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka 585104, India, Kauser Syeda Heena , Begum Zeenath ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka 585104, India., Pattar Pratima M ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka 585106., Neeha Saara ,   Tutor, Department of Pathology, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an age old disease and India has the highest disease burden. With the rise in HIV cases, the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has further increased. Both TB and EPTB remains a major health problem. Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum of EPTB with respect to its site, age and sex distribution. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective study carried over a period of two years. We included 86 cases of EPTB from the departmental registry. The clinical details and the histopathological findings were noted. Results: We studied 86 cases of EPTB. Male: female ratio being 0.75. The most common age group was 21-30 years, followed by 31-40 years. Majority of cases involved the lymphoreticular system and the soft tissue. Rare sites included tonsil, thyroid, liver and kidney. Conclusion: Incidence of EPTB is on the rise as it mimics various other disease processes and may account for disease burden. Knowledge of the various EPTB sites in essential and should be kept as a differential diagnosis in histopathological reporting.
A Study of Sciatic Notch Index in Adult Human Pelves to Establish their Sexual Dimorphism
Authors:   Associate Professor, Upgraded Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Kolkata Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India., Bandyopadhyay Chandan , Ejaz Ambreen ,   Post Graduate Trainee, Upgraded Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Kolkata Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India.
Published: January 2024

Objective: To find out the relation between sciatic notch index of adult human male and female from specimens present in the museum and inventory. Methodology: All bony specimens for study were taken from the museum of Forensic Medicine Department and Anatomy Department of Medical College, Kolkata and also from the inventory of Kolkata Police Morgue, based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. They are arranged systematically by putting a unique number code against each specimen and measurements are taken of dimensions of sciatic notch using the standard measuring tools and following standard anthropometric methods. Results: Z test is done. n= 104, F=56 and M=48. For males and for females the mean Depth of sciatic notch is found to be 3.81 and 2.98 respectively.(Table 2) The mean Width of the same in males and females are found to be 3.48 and 4.23 respectively. SN Index of males and females are found to be 103.93 and 146.02 respectively.(Table 3) Conclusion: The differences are found to be statistically significant from the specimens taken for study. As such sciatic notch index in adults may be considered to be a dependable anthropometric entity for sexing of human pelvis, particularly in mutilated and fragmented skeletal parts.
Congenital Malformations in Perinatal Autopsy with Special Emphasis on Syndromes: A Study of 100 Cases
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pathology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi 585105, Karnataka, India., A M Anita , Mali Md Hamed Altaf ,   Resident, Department of Pathology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi 585105, Karnataka, India., Patil Anuradha G ,   Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi 585105, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Perinatal autopsy is an important tool to look out for various congenital malformations and its impact on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Though radiological intervention has reduced the incidence, perinatal autopsy is essential for confirmation of diagnosis and to look out for additional information. Objectives: To emphasize the importance of perinatal autopsy in diagnosing and confirmation of congenital malformations and to compare it with prenatal clinical findings. Materials and Methods: The present study comprises 100 consecutive perinatal autopsies after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Prior consent from parents were taken and autopsy was done using standard protocols. Prenatal radiological findings were compared with the autopsy findings wherever available. Results: Out of 100 perinatal autopsies studied, 45 cases shows congenital anomalies, which included 26 males, 13 females and 6 cases with ambiguous genitalia. Among the 45 cases, 21 were therapeutic terminations, 15 still births and 09 cases of Intrauterine Deaths. The most common timing of therapeutic termination encountered was between 12–20 weeks. Out of 45 cases, anomalies were present in 16 cases of central nervous system (CNS), 5 of lung, 4 from kidney, 2 of heart, 7 cases of syndromes, 5 cases with multisystem involvement and 5 cases of miscellaneous group. Conclusion: Perinatal autopsy is essential to confirm congenital malformations and to look for additional findings. Also, it helps to counsel the parents to prevent such complications in future pregnancy.
Correlation Between Smoking and Lung Abnormalities
Authors:   Research Associate, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa., Meel Banwari L
Published: January 2024

Background: Both dust inhalation and smoking combined, led to more deleterious effect on the lungs. The health of gold miners is not only eroded by excessive exposure to dust in the mines, but also by the habit of smoking. Smokers have a significantly higher risk of getting lung cancer than non-smokers. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish the relationship between smoking and lung abnormalities among ex-mineworkers in the Transkei region of South Africa. Patients and Methods: During a two years period (May 1997 to May 1999) 2080 former mineworkers were examined at the Benefit Examination Clinic at Umtata General Hospital, a tertiary hospital attached to the Walter Sisulu University in Eastern Cape Province. Radiological examinations were carried out on (466) former mineworkers, in the age group ranging from 30 years to 70-plus years. Results: Mineworkers who had smoked exhibited two to three times the number of gross lung abnormalities on radiological examination than those who had had no experience of smoking in their life. The readings taken indicated an odd ratio (OR) of 2.0 with a p value of <0.05, and Chi-square 8.3, indicative of statistically significant association between smoking and lung abnormality in the ex-mineworkers (i.e. ex-smokers, smokers, and non smokers). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between lung abnormalities and smoking among ex-mineworkers in this study.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of COVID-19 Management and Awareness Regarding Doctor's Privilege, Patient’s Right and Prevailing Law's during Pandemic
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra., Gaiwale Sanjay D , Jadhav Avinash ,   Assistant Professor, Skin and Venereal Diseases, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra., Domple Vijay K ,   Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Shri Vasantrao Naik Govt. Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra 445001., Band Rahul ,   Assistant Professor, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra., Ghangale Ajay ,   Professor & Head, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra., Gundla Vandana ,   Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The accelerated spread of the COVID-19 Disease has become a major cause of concern for the medical profession. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of COVID-19 management and awareness regarding doctor's privilege, patient’s right, and prevailing laws. Materials and Methods: Atotalof250respondentsfromthehealthcare Institutecompletedaquestionnaire-based survey.The questionnaire was prepared from the current guidance for medical professionals published by the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)and MOHFW Govt. of India. A suitable sampling method was used for data collection and distribution. Descriptive statistics were carried out for all groups based on the percentage of correct responses. Individual pairwise comparisons were done using the Median test. Results: In the Present study 94.60% of the participants had knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection but less than 90% of the total participants could correctly defined “close contact.” The responses related to doctor's privilege, patient’s right, prevailing laws during pandemic were 83.33%. Out of that, 90.55% of correct responses were from senior faculties. However, awareness regarding recent ordinance and changes in exiting Epidemic Diseases Acts were very low (74.92%) in Junior Faculty. There were 100% correct responses regarding awareness about Transmission and conduction of Medico-Legal Autopsy on COVID-19 Positive Dead Bodies. However, the Knowledge of survival of SARS-CO-2 on Dead body were very low (84.46%). Conclusion: There is a needforregulartrainingprogramsonCoronaManagementandAwareness Regarding Doctor's Privilege, Patient’s Right, Prevailing Laws.
Profile of Child Sexual Assault Cases Reported within 24 Hours of Incidence: Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Western Maharashtra, with Special Observations Related to Age Groups
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India, Vaidya HV , Taware AA ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Tatiya HS ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Jadhav VT ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Bandgar AL ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cases of child sexual assault are rising day by day and it remains one of the serious offences against children of tender age. However, it's reporting within 24 hours is yet to improve and needs betterment in various aspects. Material and Methods: This is a prospective observational type of study conducted on alleged cases of sexual assault with ageless than 18 years, during the study period, where valid consent to participate in the study was present after approval from the institutional ethics committee. Results:Out of total 534 victims, 217 (40.64%) victims registered the complaint within 24 hrs of the incidence and females constituted the majority of the cases (89.40%). The majority of the victims (65.90%) were from urban-dwellings and percentage of case reporting was highest (100%) in the age group of 0-6 years, which declined with an increase in age. Reporting in urban population was higher (42.68%) and mother was the primary complainant in majority cases (41.47%). In majority of cases, the assailant was known to the victim and boyfriend was most common assailant (37.33%) with predominance in 12-18 years age group (88.89%); while known family members were significant assailants (35.08%) for age group 6-12 years. Conclusion:It seems that, rather than strangers, known members are more often involved in such cases and parents along with children from such vulnerable age groups should be actively made more aware of related facts through education and other means.
Effect of formalin fixation on DNA: A Time-Based Approach
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Haryana 122103,, Gullaiya Jyoti , Kumar Naresh ,   Senior Scientific Officer, Biology Division, Forensic Science Laboratory, New Delhi 110085, India, Srivastava Neeharika ,   Assistant Professor, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Haryana 122103.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:Tissue preservation is important. From it forensic scientist may extract sufficient DNA for profiling. The most commonly used preservative found in the literature is formalin. However, it causes severe side-effects on its users as well as the environment; we need to find its replacement. Method:This study examined whether formalin could preserve soft tissues (fresh) stored at 4°C for 100 days and how DNA can be extracted from it. Qualification and Quantification of the presevred samples were done. Result:The results revealed that tissues preserved in formalin failed to generate sufficient quantity of DNA for profiling whereas tissues preserved in normal saline did so. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need to find an alternative to formalin which can preserve the tissue samples well and enable DNA profiling.
An Accessible Maths Journey
Authors: Joy Lilian
Published: January 2024

The four narratives that follow bring together the stories from the lived experiences of a post-graduate blind maths student, her tutor, her transcriber and a learning technologist over the course of five years. It provides an insight into what is needed to help one student with their own way of learning maths. It also demonstrates how pulling at one thread can help to unravel and reveal the many lenses through which accessible maths needs to be approached.
Capacity Building in Mathematics and Statistics Learning Support in Norway and the Czech Republic (MSLS Net)
Authors: Rebenda Josef , Pátíková Zuzana , Chvátal Martin , Rogovchenko Svitlana , Bakke Tørris Koløen , Croft Tony
Published: January 2024

This report describes the final meeting of the project "Capacity Building in Mathematics and Statistics Learning Support in Norway and the Czech Republic (MSLS Net)" held at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Czech Republic (June 12-14, 2023). Provision of mathematics and statistics learning support (MSLS) is developing rapidly in many parts of the world and activity in Norway and the Czech Republic has been accelerated significantly through this EEA Grants funded project. Representatives of each of the five partner institutions worked on creating a summary of good practices in tutor training, designing learning resources, and in delivering, monitoring and evaluation of mathematics and statistics support. Provision varied considerably across the institutions and the centres represented demonstrated diverse and innovative ways in which mathematics support is evolving. Outputs from the project include a Handbook on good practice and a booklet concerned with mathematics support centre tutor training, including pedagogic training and learning resources for the development of the tutors as described below. Finally, consideration turned to the value of establishing a professional network to continue this important work. The report will be relevant to other international groups interested in working in university level mathematics and statistics support.
Editorial
Authors: Mann Tony
Published: January 2024

The editorial for Issue 22.1
Long-term trends and risk factors of tracheostomy and decannulation in patients with cervical spinal cord Injury
Authors: Tong Zhao Hui , Gao Lian Jun , Gao Wei , Liu Hongwei , Liu Chang-Bin , Yang Feng , Wang Qi Min , Zhao WeiChao
Published: January 2024

Study design： Retrospective study.
Objectives： To investigate the risk factors of tracheostomy and decannulation after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and their epidemiological changes over the past 8 years in Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRC), China.
Setting： Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, CRRC.
Methods：We reviewed 8 years of patient data (2013.1.1 to 2020.12.31) at CRRC, focusing on those hospitalized and diagnosed with CSCI. We analyzed changes in demographic and clinical data’s trends. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors impacting tracheostomy and decannulation.
Results：Finally, 1641 CSCI patients met the inclusion criteria. Over the past 8 years, the proportion of tracheostomized patients with CSCI was 16.3%, and the proportion of successfully decannulated was 77.9%.We found that Traumatic (OR=1.8, 95%CI= 1.06,3.22;p=0.046),Motor level of injury (C5-C8) (OR=0.32, 95%CI= -1.91,-0.34;p=0.005), AIS=A/B/C (OR=22.7/11.1/4.2, 95%CI= 12.16,42.26/5.74,21.56/2.23,7.89;p<0.001/ p<0.001/ p<0.001), Age>56 (OR=1.6, 95%CI= 1.04,2.32;p=0.031) were the risk factors for tracheostomy. By analyzing the risk factors of decannulation in tracheostomized patients with TCSCI through multivariable logistic regression, statistically significant differences were found in age＞45(OR=4.1, 95%CI= 1.44,11.81; p =0.008),complete injury(OR=2.7, 95%CI= 1.26,5.95; p =0.011), facet dislocation (OR=2.8, 95%CI= 1.13,7.07; p =0.027).
Conclusions ： Recent years have witnessed shifts in the epidemiological characteristics of CSCI. Identifying the factors influencing tracheostomy and decannulation in CSCI can aid in improving patient prognosis.
Investigation of the rheological alterations in Iota carrageenan through the exchange of potassium with calcium ions.
Authors: Kailkhura Shashank , Bhatt Akanksha , purohit Priyank
Published: January 2024

Carrageenan is a natural polymer extracted from the Red-Seaweeds that is important for the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is crucial to comprehend how the ion exchange affects the rheological properties of Iota carrageenan polymer, particular potential for gelation, which has several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The current study focuses on analyzing the rheological changes brought on by the exchange of potassium ions with calcium ions in Iota carrageenan. Due to their distinct associations with the anion component, monovalent and divalent cations both have a varied impact on the gelation property of carrageenan.
Charge compensation improves energy transfer to realize anti-thermal-quenching and improve the CaMoO4: Sm3+ phosphors optical temperature measurement sensitivity base on the FIR model
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Wu Hongyue , Hu Bo , Tang Xu , Chen BeiBei , Li Dongyi , Liang Jialin , Li Binrong , Huo Pengwei , Zhao Jun , Ma Zhongfei
Published: January 2024

Luminescent materials are the main focus of non-contact thermometers due to their high detection sensitivity, non-invasiveness, quick reaction, exceptional stability. It is still difficult to design high sensitivity optical temperature sensors using FIR technology. This article increases FIR value and obtains high sensitivity temperature sensitive phosphors by utilizing the anti-thermal-quenching effect of rare earth luminous centers. Sm3+ and alkali metal co-doped CaMoO4 phosphors have been prepared by high-temperature solid-state method. Rietveld XRD refinement results showed that the co-doping of Sm3+ and K+ can significantly improve the energy transfer from the host to Sm3+ and significantly increase the luminous intensity of Sm3+. We found that co-doping of Sm3+ and K+ not only effectively enhanced the luminescence intensity, but also regulated the lifetime of this phosphors. As the Sm3+ and K+ co-doping concentration 0.02, respectively, the τ value decreases from 4.12 to 3.54 ms, which proves to be effective in luminous of LED. The optical temperature measurement of CaMoO4: 0.001Sm3+, 0.001K+ was studied using FIR technology. The maximum SaMAX and SrMAX values are 0.27 K-1 at 483 K and 2.25% K-1 at 363 K, respectively. Moreover, the CaMoO4: 0.02Sm3+, 0.02K+ also has a certain absorption capacity in visible optical drive, which proved by UV-Vis DRS. The electronic density of states of phosphors are drawn via first-principles to understand the effect of Sm3+ and alkali metals co-doped on luminescence. The above results demonstrate that the Sm3+ and K+ co-doping CaMoO4 might be an attractive material for the application of temperature measurement and light-emitting diode.
ENABLE: App-based digital capture and intervention of patientreported quality of life, adverse events, and treatment satisfaction in breast cancer - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deutsch Thomas M , Volmer Léa L. , Feisst Manuel , Bodenbeck Laura , Hassdenteufel Kathrin , Le Thao Vy , Breit Christiane , Stefanovic Stefan , Bauer Armin , Anders Carolin , Weinert Lina , Engler Tobias , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Pfeifer Nico , Escher Pascal , Mausch Marc , Heinze Oliver , Suetterlin Marc , Brucker Sara Y. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Wallwiener Markus
Published: January 2024

Background:
In recent years, the treatment of breast cancer has taken the path towards personalized medicine. Based on individual tumor biology, therapy tailored to the particular subtype of cancer is increasingly being used. The aim is to find the most suitable therapy for the disease. However, the success of therapy depends to a large extent on the patient's adherence to treatment. This, in turn, depends on how the therapy is tolerated and how the treatment team cares for the patient. Patient-centered care seeks to identify and address the individual needs of each patient and to find the best form of care for that person.
Objectives:
In order to improve comprehensive oncological care of breast cancer patients, the ENABLE trial digitally records the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), adverse events (AEs), and patient satisfaction using a mobile smartphone application (app), responds individually to reported AEs, and offers assistance.
Methods:
Breast cancer patients are eligible to participate in the study before neoadjuvant, adjuvant, post-neoadjuvant, or palliative systemic therapy against breast cancer is initiated at Heidelberg, Mannheim and Tuebingen university hospitals. After 1:1 randomization into an intervention and a control arm, HRQoL assessments are performed at six fixed time points during the therapy using validated questionnaires. In the intervention group, HRQoL is also assessed briefly every week using a visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). In cases of significant deterioration, therapy-associated side effects are assessed in a graduated manner, recommendations are sent to the patient, and the treatment team is informed. Additionally, the app serves as an "eHealth companion" for education, training, and organizational support during therapy.
Results:
Recruitment started in March 2021; last visit is expected Q1 2024.
Conclusions:
Participation in the intervention arm is expected to improve treatment satisfaction, adherence, detection, and timely treatment of critical AEs. The close-meshed, weekly, brief QoL assessment will also be tested as a screening tool to detect relevant side effects during therapy. The study offers a more objective QoL assessment across treatment strategies.
Trial registration:
DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register)-ID: DRKS00025611
Ethical approval: S-658/2020
Predictive Coding explains the dynamics of neural activity within the left ventromedial temporal lobe during reading comprehension
Authors: Wang Lin , Eddine Sammer Nour , Brothers Trevor , Jensen Ole , Kuperberg Gina
Published: January 2024

Predictive coding has been proposed as a computational theory of brain function. However, there is little conclusive evidence linking it to language comprehension. We measured brain activity with magnetoencephalography during reading comprehension and simulated this activity using a predictive coding model of lexico-semantic processing. Between 300-500ms, the left ventromedial temporal lobe produced a larger N400 to unexpected than expected inputs. Our simulations showed that this could be explained by the production of lexico-semantic prediction error. To distinguish predictive coding from other frameworks that can also account for the univariate N400 effect, we carried out two multivariate analyses. First, we showed that between 300-500ms, expected words produced neural patterns that matched those that were pre-activated before the bottom-up input appeared. Our simulations showed that this could be explained by a reinstatement of item-specific lexico-semantic predictions within state units. Second, expected inputs produced consistent patterns that were distinct from those produced by unexpected inputs. Our simulations showed that this emerged from the differential activation of functionally distinct state and error units during the predictive coding algorithm. Together, these findings provide strong evidence that the left ventromedial temporal lobe employs predictive coding to infer meaning from orthographic form during reading comprehension.
Modelling the Weld Cladding Process to Predict Weld Clad Position and Shape Error
Authors: Votruba Vojtěch , Fornůsek Tomáš , Havlan Tomáš , Kratěna Tomáš , Smolík Jan
Published: January 2024

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most productive metal additive manufacturing methods. One of its most promising applications holds in manufacturing of difficult-to-cut materials where production costs can be reduced with minimizing the time of machining and total tool costs. To develop a correct WAAM technological process for manufacturing complex shaped components welding torch path corrections and welding power corrections have to be made especially in critical sections such as corners and sharp edges. A predictive mathematical model of the material cladding during WAAM process has been developed for the purposes of generating an optimal toolpath of the WAAM clads. This predictive mathematical model is simplified to reflect the important physical phenomena in the weld pool but also to optimize computing time. In this paper the principle of the mathematical model is described and its functionality is verified by the welding experiments with five different welding power settings. 3D scans of welded samples are used for the verification.
Coronin 2B deficiency induces nucleolar stress and neuronal apoptosis
Authors: Chen Yu , Wu Hongjiao , Yang Yujie , Yi Wanying , Qiu Yue , Ma Shuangshuang , Xu Jinying , Fan Yingying , Chen Yuewen
Published: January 2024

The nucleolus is the critical non-membranous organelle within nuclei, which responsible for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. The transcription of rDNA, a rate-limiting step for ribosome biogenesis, is tightly regulated to meet the demand for global protein synthesis in response to cell physiology, especially in neurons, which undergo rapid changes in morphology and protein composition during development and synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown how the pre-initiation complex for rDNA transcription is efficiently assembled within the nucleolus of neurons. Here, we report that the nucleolar protein coronin 2B regulates rDNA transcription and maintains nucleolar function through direct interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF), an activator of RNA polymerase I transcriptional machinery. We show that coronin 2B knockdown impairs the formation of the transcription initiation complex, inhibits rDNA transcription, destroys nucleolar integrity, and ultimately induces nucleolar stress. In turn, coronin 2B-mediated nucleolar stress leads to p53 stabilization and activation, eventually resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we identified that coronin 2B coordinates with UBF to regulate rDNA transcription and maintain proper nucleolar function in neurons.
Symmetry Breaking and Chiral Amplification in Prebiotic Ligation Reactions
Authors: Deng Min , Yu Jinhan , Blackmond Donna G.
Published: January 2024

A general rationalization of the single chirality of biological molecules, a signature of life, remains a challenging goal. 1 Research has commonly focused on initial symmetry breaking and subsequent enantioenrichment of monomeric building blocks – sugars and amino acids – that comprise the genetic polymers RNA, DNA, and peptides. If these building blocks are only partially enantioenriched, however, stalling of chain growth may occur, whimsically termed in the case of nucleic acids as “the problem of original syn”.2 In studying a novel prebiotically plausible route to proteinogenic peptides reported by Powner,3-5 we discovered that the reaction favors heterochiral ligation, i.e., the ligation of l monomers with d monomers. While this finding appears problematic for the prebiotic emergence of homochiral l-peptides, we demonstrate, paradoxically, that this heterochiral preference provides a mechanism for enantioenrichment in homochiral chains. Symmetry breaking, chiral amplification, and chirality transfer processes occur for all reactants and products in multicomponent competitive reactions even when only one of the molecules in the complex mixture exhibits an imbalance in enantiomer concentrations (non-racemic). Solubility considerations lead to chemical purification and enhanced chiral amplification. Experimental data and kinetic modeling support this prebiotically plausible mechanism for the emergence of homochiral biological polymers.
Synthesis, characterization and swelling behavior of a novel bio-adsorbent based on pectin grafted poly (acrylic acid -co- itaconic acid) hydrogels for adsorption and controlled release of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Penyan Wissam L , Jassim layth S
Published: January 2024

In the current study, a novel bio-adsorbent based on pectin grafted poly (acrylic acid -co-itaconic acid) hydrogel is synthesized by free radical copolymerization using acrylic acid and itaconic acid as monomers grafted on natural pectin. N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide is used as a crosslinking agent, and potassium persulfate as an initiator. Various techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, were used to characterize the synthesized bio-adsorbent hydrogel. The effect of several variables on the swelling behavior of the synthesized hydrogel was examined, like cross linker amount, pectin amount, initiator amount, and monomers amount. Furthermore, the swelling process was investigated at various pH levels. In order to establish suitable adsorption conditions, several adsorption parameters were examined, such as pH, equilibrium time, adsorbent amount, and temperature. The adsorption data were examined using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The results showed that the adsorption is typically heterogeneous and of the multilayer type, as they were more consistent with the Freundlich model. The adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic parameters measured. In vitro drug release experiment results showed that after 30 hours, the CIP drug was released significantly higher in the simulated intestinal fluid (pH = 7.4) than in the simulated stomach fluid (pH = 1.2). The drug release of CIP from the hydrogel was measured at different temperatures: 30°Cand 40°C. These findings demonstrate that the hydrogel is highly efficient in ciprofloxacin adsorption and pH sensitive, making it appropriate for drug delivery in the small intestine.