bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes to inflammatory markers during 5 years of viral suppression and during viral blips in people with HIV initiating different integrase inhibitor based regimens
Authors: Funderburg Nicholas T. , Huang Susie S. Y. , Cohen Calvin , Ailstock Kate , Cummings Morgan , Lee Jean C. , Ng Brenda , White Kirsten , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Downie Bryan , McComsey Grace A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Heightened levels of inflammatory markers are linked to increased morbidity/mortality in people with HIV (PWH) and often remain elevated after virologic suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART). As new combinations of ART become available, an evaluation of their effects on immune activation and inflammation is warranted. Additionally, it remains unknown whether transient increases in viral load (“blips”) during ART are associated with increases in inflammation.

Methods

We utilized cryopreserved samples from treatment-naïve PWH enrolled in two Phase 3 clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) or dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC) or DTG + F/TAF over a 5-year window (GS-US-380-1489/1490). At week 144, participants were offered the option to switch to open label B/F/TAF for an additional 96 weeks. We measured levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), D-dimer, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) from available baseline, week 24, 48, 144, and 240 samples (B/F/TAF, N=123; DTG/ABC/3TC, N=62; DTG+F/TAF, N=58). Additional samples from PWH who experienced a viral blip (n=44, defined as a single HIV-1 RNA >50c/mL) were also analyzed and paired with the most recent available suppressed sample before the blip. Longitudinal biomarker changes were assessed using a constrained mixed effects linear regression model adjusting for covariates.

Results

Baseline demographics and selected laboratory characteristics were similar across groups. Levels of D-dimer, sCD14, and TNFR1 decreased significantly from baseline in all treatment arms, with no significant differences between arms at any timepoint. Biomarker levels also remained stable following ART-switch at week 144. No significant changes in hsCRP or IL-6 were observed versus baseline in any arm at any timepoint. A significant association was observed between sCD14 and increasing viral load (p=0.022) in viral blips; D-dimer also increased with blips in the B/F/TAF arm.

Conclusions

Viral suppression was associated with reductions in most inflammatory markers in PWH, with no significant differences among the three ART regimens during the 144-week randomized period. These decreases were sustained after the open label switch to B/F/TAF. Viral blips were associated with increases in monocyte activation (sCD14). Further analysis is needed to confirm these findings and determine the potential impact on clinical outcomes.
Biomaterials’ enhancement of immunotherapy for breast cancer by targeting functional cells in the tumor micro-environment
Authors: Santerre J. Paul , Yang Yangyang , Du Ziwei , Wang Wenshuang , Zhang Xiaoqing
Published: November 2024

Immunotherapy for breast cancer is now being considered clinically, and more recently, the number of investigations aimed specifically at nano-biomaterials-assisted immunotherapy for breast cancer treatment is growing. Alterations of the breast cancer micro-environment can play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity and cancer development, progression and metastasis. The improvement and rearrangement of tumor micro-environment (TME) may enhance the permeability of anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, targeting the TME is also an ideal and promising option during the selection of effective nano-biomaterial-based immuno-therapeutic strategies excepted for targeting intrinsic resistant mechanisms of the breast tumor. Although nano-biomaterials designed to specifically release loaded anti-tumor drugs in response to tumor hypoxia and low pH conditions have shown promises and the diversity of the TME components also supports a broad targeting potential for anti-tumor drug designs, yet the applications of nano-biomaterials for targeting immunosuppressive cells/immune cells in the TME for improving the breast cancer treating outcomes, have scarcely been addressed in a scientific review. This review provides a thorough discussion for the application of the different forms of nano-biomaterials, as carrier vehicles for breast cancer immunotherapy, targeting specific types of immune cells in the breast tumor microenvironment. In parallel, the paper provides a critical analysis of current advances/challenges with leading nano-biomaterial-mediated breast cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. The current review is timely and important to the cancer research field and will provide a critical tool for nano-biomaterial design and research groups pushing the clinical translation of new nano-biomaterial-based immuno-strategies targeting breast cancer TME, to further open new avenues for the understanding, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, as well as other cancer types.
Motherhood and rheumatic disease – a balancing act. A qualitative study on the challenges of mothers with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Nilssen Ingrid Rekaa , Koksvik Hege Svean , Jakobsen Bente , Grønning Kjersti
Published: November 2024

Objective

Inflammatory arthritis (IA) often come with symptoms of pain, stiffness and fatigue, as well as fluctuating and unpredictable disease patterns. All of these symptoms can cause challenges in the role as a mother for women with IA. The main objective of this study is to gain a broader understanding of how mothers with IA experience motherhood and the challenges they encounter within a biopsychosocial framework.

Methods

The participants in this study were recruited through RevNatus, a Norwegian nationwide quality register. The sample consisted of women with IA who had given birth within the last 5 years. The data consisted of written answers to an open-ended question: “Is there anything, in particular, you have experienced as challenging with being a mother and having a rheumatic disease at the same time”? The data were analysed following Brinkmann and Kvale's qualitative content analysis.

Results

186 women answered the open-ended question. The responses consisted of a total of 9,000 words. Motherhood with IA was described as a difficult balancing act, with practical and physical challenges affecting day-to-day life, medical dilemmas, as well as challenges on a deeper emotional level and worries for the future.

Conclusion

The main finding in this study is that the challenges these women meet are multifactorial and complex, including physical, mental and social issues that have a large impact on their everyday life. Focusing solely on improving medical treatment will not solve the challenges these women face. A multidisciplinary approach and focus on patient education and self-management strategies is important to help these women thrive in their role as mothers with IA.
Analysis of damage characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs under explosive impact and research on CFRP reinforcement
Authors: Lian Junxia , Li Dongjie , Zhao Haonan
Published: November 2024

To study the damage characteristics and damage model of reinforced concrete slabs under explosive impact, the failure modes of reinforced concrete slabs under near-field and contact explosion were first studied through on-site experiments. A coupled model was established based on the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method using AUTODYN finite element software. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with experimental results. Based on this, a fully coupled model of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) reinforcement for reinforced concrete slabs under contact explosion was established, and the influence of different CFRP thicknesses and reinforcement methods on the blast resistance performance of reinforced concrete slabs was discussed. The research results indicate that under the action of near-field explosions, the front face of reinforced concrete slabs mainly experiences slight peeling damage, and the central area of the back face forms seismic collapse and peeling damage, with damage cracks diverging from the center to the surrounding areas; Under the action of contact explosion, the front face of the reinforced concrete slab produces blast pits, the back face forms a seismic collapse zone, and peeling damage occurs; The CFRP reinforcement layer can improve the blast resistance performance of reinforced concrete slabs; There is an optimal thickness when using CFRP to enhance the blast resistance of reinforced concrete slabs.
Current insights on m6A RNA modification in acute leukemia: therapeutic targets and future prospects
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Sharma Pankaj , Bhatia Prateek , Singh Minu
Published: November 2024

RNA modification is the critical mechanism for regulating post-transcriptional processes. There are more than 150 RNA modifications reported so far, among which N6-Methyladenosine is the most prevalent one. M6A RNA modification complex consists of ‘writers’, ‘readers’ and ‘erasers’ which together in a group catalyze, recognize and regulate the methylation process of RNA and thereby regulate the stability and translation of mRNA. The discovery of erasers also known as demethylases, revolutionized the research on RNA modifications as it revealed that this modification is reversible. Since then, various studies have focused on discovering the role of m6A modification in various diseases especially cancers. Aberrant expression of these ‘readers’, ‘writers’, and ‘erasers’ is found to be altered in various cancers resulting in disturbance of cellular homeostasis. Acute leukemias are the most common cancer found in pediatric patients and account for 20% of adult cases. Dysregulation of the RNA modifying complex have been reported in development and progression of hematopoietic malignancies. Further, targeting m6A modification is the new approach for cancer immunotherapy and is being explored extensively. This review provides detailed information about current information on the role of m6A RNA modification in acute leukemia and their therapeutic potential.
Ultrasound versus computed tomography guided percutaneous needle biopsy for subpleural pulmonary lesions
Authors: Zhou Yaoyao , Wang Xuhong , Han Rui , Zhang Shengmin
Published: November 2024

Background

Sub-pleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs) can be diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) guided by both computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US). This investigation aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy and safety between US- and CT-guided PNB for SPLs.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed SPL patients who underwent CT- or US-guided PNB in our hospital between January 2022 to January 2023. Furthermore, the technical success rates, duration of procedure, diagnostic yield, diagnostic accuracy, pneumothorax rates, and hemoptysis rates were compared between the 2 groups. Pneumothorax risk factors were assessed via the univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests.

Results

The data indicated that 213 patients who underwent CT- (n = 108) or US-guided (n = 105) PNB diagnosis had SPLs at the final diagnosis. Furthermore, both groups indicated similar operation times (20.1 ± 8.1 min vs. 19.9 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.793). The diagnostic accuracy and yield of the US group were 100% and 64.8%, respectively, whereas those of the CT group were 99.1% and 72.2%, respectively. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in diagnostic accuracy (p = 1.000) and diagnostic yield (p = 0.561) between the 2 groups. The CT group indicated markedly higher rates of chest tube insertion (6.5% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.014) and pneumothorax (24.1% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.001) than the US group. However, the hemoptysis rates were comparable between the 2 groups (2.7% vs. 2.9%, p = 1.000). In addition, CT guidance was the independent risk factor of pneumothorax (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

In summary, this research indicated that both US- and CT-guided PNB have high diagnostic accuracy for SPLs. However, US guidance may provide better safety than CT guidance.
Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Huan , Zheng Jiaqi , Zhang Qing , Tian Zhongping , Sun Yuhang , Zhu Tianyi , Bi Yanlong , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

Importance

Clinical trials in recent years have shown significant effectiveness of complement inhibitors for geographic atrophy (GA) treatment. Two complement inhibitor drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Objective

to compare and rank the different complement inhibitors in the treatment of GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Data sources

A systematic literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, LWW Medical Journals, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to October 2023.

Study selection

All randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of complement inhibitors in patients diagnosed with secondary GA in AMD were identified.

Data extraction and synthesis

This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) network meta-analysis Checklist of Items and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for assessing the study quality. Multiple authors independently coded all titles and abstracts, reviewed full-text articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and resolved all discrepancies by consensus. Random-effects network meta-analyses were applied. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the BUGSnet package in R (4.2.0).

Main outcomes and measures

The primary efficacy outcome was the change in GA lesion size (mm2) from baseline to month 12. The secondary efficacy outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Safety outcome measures included the number of subjects with serious adverse events (SAEs) and macular neovascularization (MNV).

Results

Ten randomized controlled trials including 4,405 participants and five complement inhibitors were identified. Comparison with sham and SUCRA analysis showed that avacincaptad pegol 2 mg (MD: −0.58, 95% CrI: −0.97 to −0.18, SUCRA: 93.55), pegcetacoplan monthly (MD: −0.38, 95% CrI: −0.57 to −0.20, SUCRA: 81.37), and pegcetacoplan every other month (MD: −0.30, 95% CrI: −0.49 to −0.11, SUCRA: 70.16) have significant changes in GA lesion reduction. No treatments showed significant changes in BCVA and SAE compared with sham. Pegcetacoplan monthly (OR: 4.30, 95% CrI: 1.48–16.72) increased the risk of MNV. Avacincaptad pegol 2 mg demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of SAE and MNV.

Conclusion and relevance

Avacincaptad pegol 2 mg is the most effective complement inhibitor with better safety for the treatment of GA secondary to AMD.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351515, Identifier PROSPERO CRD42022351515.
ER stress-induced YAP upregulation leads to chondrocyte phenotype loss in age-related osteoarthritis
Authors: Gao Yanchun , Wei Haifeng , Peng Xiaoyuan , Wang Chenchen , Zhu Hongyi , Yin Junhui
Published: November 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, leading to pain and restricted mobility. Age-related endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of OA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between age-related ER stress, YAP overexpression, and chondrocyte phenotype loss in the development of OA.

Methods

Cartilage samples were collected from patients undergoing amputation, and age-related ER stress markers and YAP expression were assessed using immunohistochemical staining and qPCR. Transgenic mice with cartilage-specific YAP overexpression (YAPOE) were created, and Pamrevlumab was administered to evaluate its therapeutic effects.

Results

Higher expression of ER stress markers and YAP were showed in aged tissues compared to younger tissues. YAP overexpression led to decreased levels of cartilage phenotype markers and increased osteogenesis-related proteins. In vivo, YAPOE mice exhibited OA-like cartilage degeneration, which was mitigated by Pamrevlumab treatment.

Conclusion

Age-related ER stress induces YAP overexpression, contributing to OA pathogenesis. Pamrevlumab effectively prevents this phenotype loss in YAPOE mice, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for OA. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of OA and highlight the importance of targeting the ER stress-YAP-CTGF signaling pathway in OA treatment and prevention.
An integrative study on the green cultural industry and its determinants in Jiangsu province, China under the cultural revitalization initiative: a global perspective
Authors: Ding Yaoyao , Zhang Rong , Zou Yuntao
Published: November 2024

Introductions

The cultural industry is pivotal in promoting sustainable economic development. This study aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of the cultural industry in Jiangsu Province by establishing a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and analyzing influencing factors using the Tobit model, all within the broader context of China’s cultural industry.

Methods

A DEA model was developed to assess the economic efficiency of the cultural industry across Chinese provinces, allowing for a comparative analysis of performance. The Tobit regression model was utilized to investigate factors influencing these efficiency outcomes, with a particular emphasis on inter-provincial comparisons to understand the position and challenges faced by Jiangsu’s cultural industry.

Results

Despite Jiangsu’s cultural industry ranking among the largest in scale nationally, its economic efficiency is only moderate, consistently experiencing diminishing returns to scale. The study identifies low scale efficiency, small enterprise size, and suboptimal urbanization processes within the province as the main issues.

Discussion

The inefficiencies highlighted by the DEA model suggest a misalignment between the scale of operations and the economic outputs in Jiangsu’s cultural industry. Urbanization emerges as a crucial factor, with current practices not sufficiently supporting the growth potential of the cultural sector.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations for Jiangsu, including avoiding blind scale expansion, adjusting industrial structures, encouraging enterprise consolidation and optimization, and identifying new growth areas to better support the cultural industry’s development and contribute to sustainable economic progress.
Examining the components of freedom values in contemporary Chinese society
Authors: Zhang Yue , Huang Heshui , Tian Jiao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This research paper delves into the structure and connotation of freedom values within contemporary Chinese society, taking into account the historical, societal, and cultural context.

Methods

To achieve this, a multifaceted approach was adopted, integrating literature analysis, focus group interviews, in-depth interviews, and questionnaire surveys.

Results

The study culminated in the development of a comprehensive conceptual model comprising five distinct dimensions: behavior within boundaries, independence without interference, autonomy with responsibility, rights with guarantee, and equality without domination.

Discussion

This conceptual model successfully consolidates the prevailing consensus on freedom values among the Chinese populace, offering a robust framework for the propagation and nurturing of freedom within Chinese society. The insights gleaned from this research deepen our comprehension of freedom values and furnish valuable guidance for academics, policymakers, and practitioners keen on advancing freedom and societal well-being.
Prevalence and correlates of severe problematic cannabis use: analysis of a population-based survey in Jamaica
Authors: Lalwani Kunal , De La Haye Winston , Kerr Kevon , Abel Wendel , Sewell Clayton
Published: November 2024

Background

There is an increasing demand for the treatment of problematic cannabis use (PCU) in low-income and middle-income countries. Jamaica’s historical inclination towards cannabis use underscores the need for research in addressing this issue.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use and assess the sociodemographic factors, psychosocial correlates, knowledge and perceptions associated with severe PCU among Jamaicans using nationally representative data.

Methods

This study involved a secondary data analysis of the last Jamaica National Drug Prevalence Survey. It included 786 participants who used cannabis in the past year and completed the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). The CAST has been validated against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), with a score ≥ 7 meeting the criteria for severe PCU. CAST scores were dichotomized utilizing these thresholds, and data generated were analyzed with SPSS version 25 using Pearson’s χ2 test and logistic regression.

Results

In the past year, 53.3% of Jamaicans who smoked cannabis had a score of 7 or higher on the CAST and smoked an average of 62.21 joints per month. Male respondents were twice as likely to have severe PCU as females. Additionally, young, middle, and older adults were respectively 3, 5 and 3 times more likely to report severe PCU compared to adolescent respondents. Participants who started cannabis use at 11 years and under, 12-17 years, and 18-25 years were respectively 5, 7 and 7 times more likely to report severe PCU than those at 26 years and older. Moreover, easy access to cannabis, a high perceived need for treatment, belief in increased national drug use prevalence, and awareness of the National Drug Control and Prevention Agency were associated with increased odds of reporting severe PCU.

Conclusion

One out of every two Jamaicans who used cannabis in the past year reported severe PCU and smoked an average of two cannabis joints per day. Early initiation increases the risk of severe PCU. Accordingly, a public health approach involving multiple sectors is needed to provide treatment options.
Neocolonialism and science diplomacy: lessons learned from the field and the way forward
Authors: Dajani Rana , Bayoumi Rasha , Flowe Heather , Rockowitz Sarah , Stevens Laura , Awad Abdullah
Published: November 2024

To level the playing field in the production of global knowledge, we need to understand the practical implications of colonial heritage and how it has disproportionately affected scientific discourse and the generation and utilization of scientific knowledge from and about the Global South. This article explores how research practitioners can level the playing field. We must think about how we can collectively change the narrative so that every emerging scientist from the Global South can flourish and have an equal opportunity to conduct research that is meaningful to them and their societies. We argue the time has come for innovative and flexible models allowing science diplomacy to integrate features of reflexive and inclusive governance in its very core structures.
Supporting long-term condition management: a workflow framework for the co-development and operationalization of machine learning models using electronic health record data insights
Authors: Burns Shane , Cushing Andrew , Taylor Anna , Lowe David J. , Carlin Christopher
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of long-term conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and diabetes mellitus is rising. These conditions are leading sources of premature mortality, hospital admission, and healthcare expenditure. Machine learning approaches to improve the management of these conditions have been widely explored, with data-driven insights demonstrating the potential to support earlier diagnosis, triage, and treatment selection. The translation of this research into tools used in live clinical practice has however been limited, with many projects lacking clinical involvement and planning beyond the initial model development stage. To support the move toward a more coordinated and collaborative working process from concept to investigative use in a live clinical environment, we present a multistage workflow framework for the co-development and operationalization of machine learning models which use routine clinical data derived from electronic health records. The approach outlined in this framework has been informed by our multidisciplinary team’s experience of co-developing and operationalizing risk prediction models for COPD within NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of this framework, alongside a description of the development and operationalization of two of these risk-prediction models as case studies of this approach.
National surveys of patient experiences with addiction services in Norway: do employees use the results in quality initiatives and are results improving over time?
Authors: Haugum Mona , Iversen Hilde Hestad , Bjertnaes Oyvind
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The experiences of patients receiving health care constitute an important aspect of health-care quality assessments. One of the purposes of the national program of patient-experience surveys in Norway is to support institutional and departmental improvements to the quality of local health-care services. This program includes national surveys of patients receiving interdisciplinary treatment for substance dependence performed four times between 2013 and 2017. The aims of this study were twofold: (i) to determine the attitudes of employees towards these surveys and their use of the survey results, and (ii) to identify changes in patient experiences at the national level from 2013 to 2017.

Material and methods

Employees were surveyed one week prior to conducting cross-sectional patient experience surveys. One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to assess differences between years, and content analysis was applied to the open-ended comments.

Results

Around 400 employees were recruited in each of the four survey years, and the response rate varied from 61% to 79%. The employees generally reported a positive attitude towards patient-experience surveys, and 40%–50% of them had implemented quality initiatives based on the results of the patient surveys. The mean score for the question on usefulness was higher than 3 (on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 points) for all four surveys. Many employees provided details about the changes that had been made in open-ended comments. The results from the patient-experience surveys demonstrated positive changes over time.

Discussion

The employees had positive viewpoints towards patient-experience surveys, and around half of them had implemented quality initiatives. This implies that employees find such surveys important, and that patient-experience surveys are regarded as useful and actionable. The surveys of patients showed positive changes in their experiences over time. The most-common target areas reported by employees showed clear improvements in patient experiences at the national level.
Investigating bacteria-induced inflammatory responses using novel endometrial epithelial gland organoid models
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Li , Li Ting , Zhang Zhan , Shang Xiang , Bai Huihui , Liu Yong , Zong Xiaonan , Shang Chenguang , Song Dan , Zhang Xu , Fan Linyuan , Liu Zhaohui
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The endometrium plays a crucial role in early human pregnancy, particularly in embryo implantation, survival, and growth. However, invasion and infection by pathogens can lead to endometritis, infertility, and poor reproductive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of endometritis and its impact on fertility remains limited. An infection model using patient-derived endometrial epithelial gland organoids (EEGOs) was established to advance in vitro studies on endometritis and related infertility.

Methods

An EEGOs infection model was constructed and characterized from human endometrium, treating the organoids with estrogen and progesterone to observe changes in the proliferative and secretory phases. The organoids were infected with E. coli, and the release of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant was detected using ELISA. RNA-seq was employed to analyze the differences before and after E. coli treatment, and differential gene mRNA expression was validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the effect of E2 in alleviating inflammation was assessed through markers of receptivity (PAEP, LIF, ITGβ), proliferation (Ki67), and barrier repair (ZO-1).

Results

The constructed human EEGOs exhibited long-term expansion capability, genetic stability, and characteristic hormonal responses, strongly expressing epithelial markers (MUC1, E-Cadherin). After E. coli infection, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ increased significantly (P < 0.05). RNA-seq indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway was activated post-infection, with increased expression levels of heat shock proteins and transcription factor mRNA. E2 treatment post-infection significantly decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes IL-1β, IL8, IL6 and TNF-α compared to the E. coli infected group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of genes related to receptivity, proliferation, and barrier repair was enhanced in the E2-treated organoids.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that patient-derived EEGOs are responsive to bacterial infection and are effective models for studying host-pathogen interactions in bacterial infections. These organoids revealed the anti-inflammatory potential of E2 in alleviating E. coli-induced inflammation, providing insights into the mechanisms of endometritis and its impact on infertility. The study supports the use of EEGOs as valuable tools for understanding endometrial health and developing targeted treatments.
Comparative clinical efficacy of single-incision thoracoscopic bullectomy combined with C-shaped electrocautery pleurodesis vs. chemical pleurodesis in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Zhong Bin , Wu Qiyong , Zhang Ming
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to observe the clinical efficacy of single-incision thoracoscopic bullectomy combined with C-shaped electrocautery pleurodesis compared to traditional iodine chemical pleurodesis in the treatment of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Methods

A total of 128 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent surgical treatment at our institution from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected. Patients were categorized into the study group (n = 65) and the control group (n = 63) based on the surgical method used. The study group received C-shaped pleura cautery for pleurodesis, while the control group underwent traditional iodine chemical pleurodesis. Surgical and clinical outcomes were evaluated, and recurrence rates within one year postoperatively were compared. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were measured at different time points.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, or postoperative hospital stay (p > 0.05). However, the study group demonstrated significantly lower serum CRP levels and VAS scores on postoperative days 1 and 2, as well as reduced drainage volumes compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The recurrence rates of pneumothorax within one year postoperatively did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Single-incision thoracoscopic bullectomy combined with C-shaped electrocautery pleurodesis is an effective treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax. Compared to traditional iodine chemical pleurodesis, this method causes less pleural irritation, results in lower postoperative pain and drainage, and facilitates patient recovery, making it a safe and reliable option for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Ultrasonographic assessment of ocular parameters in dogs: effects of weight and breed, controlled for BCS and age
Authors: Kim Yourang , Kim Bumseok , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Ophthalmic ultrasound is useful tool for examining canine eyes. Previous studies have compared ocular parameters using ophthalmic ultrasonography based on body weight, breed, sex, and age. However, there are limited studies involving large numbers of dogs with controlled body condition score. Furthermore, to the authors' knowledge, there are no established parameters that can be used independently of body weight. The aim of this study was (1) to compare ultrasonography ocular parameters based on body weight, breed, sex, and age in dogs with an ideal body condition score, (2) to establish normal reference ranges for ultrasonography ocular parameters on a large number of samples, (3) to establish an ultrasonography ocular parameter ratio that can be used regardless of body weight.

Methods

A total of 225 dogs were collected, of which 120 dogs without abnormalities on ophthalmologic and clinical examinations were included according to the inclusion criteria. The ocular parameters measured were the anterior chamber (AC), vitreous chamber (VC), lens axial length (LAL), lens equatorial length (LEL), and globe axial length (GAL).

Results

In LEL and GAL, a strong positive correlation was observed with body weight, and significant differences were identified between all body weight groups (p < 0.05). The mean LEL for each body weight groups is as follows: 1 ≤ body weight < 5 kg; 1.118 ± 0.032 cm, 5 ≤ body weight < 10 kg; 1.17 ± 0.03 cm, 10 ≤ body weight < 20 kg; 1.218 ± 0.018 cm, 20 ≤ body weight < 35 kg; 1.313 ± 0.03 8cm (R2 = 0.820; β = 0.008; p < 0.001). The mean GAL for each body weight groups is as follows: 1 ≤ body weight < 5 kg; 1.731 ± 0.076 cm, 5 ≤ body weight < 10 kg; 1.841 ± 0.064 cm, 10 ≤ body weight < 20 kg; 1.915 ± 0.043 cm, 20 ≤ body weight < 35 kg; 2.027 ± 0.059 cm (R2 = 0.598; β = 0.012; p < 0.05). The positive correlation with body weight was weaker for the AC, VC, and LAL than for the LEL and GAL. No significant differences were found among breeds, sexes, or ages, nor between the left and right eyes in all ocular parameters (p > 0.05). And we found that LEL:GAL ratio has no correlation with body weight (0.642 ± 0.022; R2 = −0.006; β = 0.000; p > 0.05).

Discussion

This study identified significant correlations between LEL, GAL, and body weight in dogs with ideal body condition. We established normal reference ranges for ocular parameters within each BW group and breed based on a large number of samples. In addition, we present the LEL:GAL ratio, which is a constant value regardless of body weight or breed, as expected to be clinically useful in ocular evaluation.
Effects of Glutamine or Glucose Deprivation on Inflammation and Tight Junction Disruption in Yak Rumen Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yue Ziqi , Wang Junmei , Hu Rui , Peng Quanhui , Guo Hongrui , Zou Huawei , Xiao Jianxin , Jiang Yahui , Wang Zhisheng
Published: November 2024

Yak is a special free-ranging cattle breed in the plateau areas of Qinghai and Tibet. Pasture withering in cold-season pastures results in energy deficiency in yaks, which undermines the rumen epithelial barrier. However, the leading factor causing rumen epithelial injury remains unknown. Glutamine (Gln), a conditionally essential amino acid, is insufficient under pathological conditions. Glucose (GLU) is an important energy source. Thus, we explored the effects of Gln or GLU deprivation on the barrier function of yak rumen epithelial cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms, as well as the differences in rumen epithelial barrier function between Gln deprivation (Gln-D) and GLU deprivation (GLU-D). In previous work, we constructed the yak rumen epithelial cells (YRECs) line by transferring the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) and simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T) into primary YRECs. The YRECs were exposed to normal, Gln-D, GLU-D, and serum replacement (SR) media for 6, 12, and 24 h. Our data displayed that cell viability and tight junction protein expression in the SR group were not significantly changed compared to the normal group. Whereas, compared with the SR group, Gln-D treated for more than 12 h reduced cell viability and proliferation, and GLU-D treated for more than 12 h damaged the cell morphology and reduced cell viability and proliferation. The cell proliferation and cell viability were decreased more in GLU-D than in Gln-D. In addition, Gln-D treated for more than 12 h disrupted YREC cellular partially tight junctions by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and GLU-D treated for more than 12 h disrupted YREC cellular tight junctions by inducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Compared with Gln-D, GLU-D more significantly induced cell injury and reduced tight junction protein levels. Our results provided evidence that GLU-D induced damage through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/c-junN-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which was more serious than Gln-D treated for more than 12 h.
Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Dogs in Sheep and Goat Farms in Greece: Prevalence, Involvement of Wild Canid Predators and Use of Anthelmintics
Authors: Katsarou Eleni I. , Arsenopoulos Konstantinos V. , Michael Charalambia K. , Lianou Daphne T. , Petinaki Efthymia , Papadopoulos Elias , Fthenakis George C.
Published: November 2024

The objectives of the present work were the investigation of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in dogs in small ruminant farms in Greece, the elucidation of potential predictors for these infections and the description of practices related to administration of anthelmintics to dogs. This study was carried out in 444 small ruminant farms in Greece. Faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of the dogs in the farms. The samples were processed by means of conventional parasitological techniques, specifically, a combined sedimentation flotation technique. There were dogs in 92.8% of the farms, with a median number of four dogs per farm. The following variables were associated with the presence of dogs in the farms: the presence of wild mammal predators near the farms, the increased daily period of farmers’ presence at the farm, goats as the livestock species at the farm and the management system applied in the farm. Helminth eggs were detected in samples from 72.6% of the farms. The main helminth eggs detected were those of hookworms (Uncinaria/Ancylostoma) and Toxocara canis, in 68.6% and 51.3% of the farms, respectively. In our multivariable analyses, an association emerged between the presence of canid predators near a farm and the detection of these helminths in faecal samples: in 76% and 60% of the samples, respectively, versus in 58% and 39% of the samples from farms with no canid presence. Of farmers with dogs, 16.0% reported that they omitted the administration of anthelmintics to the animals. In multivariable analysis, the semi-extensive or extensive management system applied in the farm, the lower annual milk production per animal and the lack of collaboration with a veterinary practice were the significant predictors for the omission of anthelmintic administration to the farm dogs. There was also a clear association in the omission of anthelmintic administration to the dogs and to the livestock on the farm. The most frequently administered anthelmintic was praziquantel, which was used in 93.6% of the farms.
Positivity Status and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Parvoviruses 1 Through 8 (PPV1-PPV8) from Slaughtered Pigs in China
Authors: Zhao Dashi , Lin Hong , Huang Zitao , Zhou Yajie , Qi Wenhao , Cui Meng , Qiu Ming , Zhu Jianzhong , Chen Nanhua
Published: November 2024

Porcine parvoviruses one through eight (PPV1-PPV8) are prevalent in Chinese swine herds. However, the infection status of all these PPVs in slaughtered pigs is still unclarified. In this study, we detected PPV1-PPV8 in 353 tissue samples collected from slaughtered pigs from six regions of China in 2023. At least one species of PPV was detected in 79.32% of the samples (280 out of 353). Six PPV species were detected, except for PPV4 and PPV8, in slaughtered pigs, within which PPV3 (49.86%), PPV2 (42.49%), and PPV7 (42.21%) were predominant, followed by PPV1 (13.31%), PPV6 (13.31%), and PPV5 (8.22%). Noticeably, co-infection was frequently detected, with 67.50% of PPV-positive samples (189 out of 280) co-infecting with two to six PPVs. In addition, one representative genome for each detected PPV was determined. Multiple sequence alignment determined a large number of substitutions in capsid proteins of PPVs. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the PCR detection results. Recombination detection identified two potential recombinants (PPV2 GDCZ2023-2088 strain and PPV3 HLJSYS2023-1654 strain) in slaughtered pigs. Overall, this study provides new insights into the prevalence and evolution of PPVs, particularly in slaughtered pigs in China.
The Electroencephalogram (EEG) Study for Estimating Endurance Sports Performance Base on Eigenvalues Extraction Method
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Xu Hongqi , Sun Yubing , Liu Guangda
Published: November 2024

Objectives. Brain–behavior connections are a new means to evaluate sports performance. This electroencephalogram (EEG) study aims to estimate endurance exercise performance by investigating eigenvalue trends and comparing their sensitivity and linearity. Methods. Twenty-three cross-country skiers completed endurance cycling tasks. Twenty-four-channel full-brain EEG signals were recorded in the motor phase and recovery phase continuously. Eighteen EEG eigenvalues calculation methods were collected, commonly used in previous research. Time-frequency, band power, and nonlinear analyses were used to calculate the EEG eigenvalues. Their regression coefficients and correlation coefficients were calculated and compared, with the linear regression method. Results. The time-frequency eigenvalues shift slightly throughout the test. The power eigenvalues changed significantly before and after motor and recovery, but the linearity was not satisfactory. The sensitivity and linearity of the nonlinear eigenvalues were stronger than the other eigenvalues. Of all eigenvalues, Shannon entropy showed completely non-overlapping distribution intervals in the regression coefficients of the two phases, which were −0.1474 ± 0.0806 s−1 in the motor phase and 0.2560 ± 0.1365 s−1 in the recovery phase. Shannon entropy amplitude decreased more in the F region of the brain than in the other regions. Additionally, the higher the level of sport, the slower the decline in Shannon entropy of the athlete. Conclusions. The Shannon entropy method provided more accurate estimations for endurance exercise performance compared to other eigenvalues.
Oral Mucosa Capillaroscopy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Contaldo Maria
Published: November 2024

The oral cavity may suffer from diseases and lesions of different natures that can result in changes to the underlying microvasculature. These changes are typically observed during the examination of biopsy samples, but there is still a need to investigate methods for characterizing them in live tissues. Capillaroscopy, a medical imaging technique using polarized light and magnification, has shown promise in providing enhanced imaging of the oral mucosa microvasculature in preliminary studies. The present work proposed to review the literature on what capillaroscopy is, its applications in the imaging of oral mucosa microvasculature, and its diagnostic and prognostic significance in various diseases and conditions. While there is the limited literature available, further research in oral capillaroscopy, particularly in the field of oral oncology, is needed to determine its potential benefits in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for potentially malignant oral disorders and cancers.
Mortality Prediction Modeling for Patients with Breast Cancer Based on Explainable Machine Learning
Authors: Park Sang Won , Park Ye-Lin , Lee Eun-Gyeong , Chae Heejung , Park Phillip , Choi Dong-Woo , Choi Yeon Ho , Hwang Juyeon , Ahn Seohyun , Kim Keunkyun , Kim Woo Jin , Kong Sun-Young , Jung So-Youn , Kim Hyun-Jin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, requiring strategic efforts to reduce its mortality. This study aimed to develop a predictive classification model for breast cancer mortality using real-world data, including various clinical features. Methods: A total of 11,286 patients with breast cancer from the National Cancer Center were included in this study. The mortality rate of the total sample was approximately 6.2%. Propensity score matching was used to reduce bias. Several machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting, were applied to 31 clinical features. To enhance model interpretability, we used the SHapley Additive exPlanations method. ML analyses were also performed on the samples, excluding patients who developed other cancers after breast cancer. Results: Among the ML models, the XGB model exhibited the highest discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.8722 and a specificity of 0.9472. Key predictors of the mortality classification model included occurrence in other organs, age at diagnosis, N stage, T stage, curative radiation treatment, and Ki-67(%). Even after excluding patients who developed other cancers after breast cancer, the XGB model remained the best-performing, with an AUC of 0.8518 and a specificity of 0.9766. Additionally, the top predictors from SHAP were similar to the results for the overall sample. Conclusions: Our models provided excellent predictions of breast cancer mortality using real-world data from South Korea. Explainable artificial intelligence, such as SHAP, validated the clinical applicability and interpretability of these models.
Diagnostic Utility of MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Jelski Wojciech , Mroczko Jan , Okrasinska Sylwia , Mroczko Barbara
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious malignant tumor with a high mortality rate, mainly due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic interventions. The possibility of recognizing this cancer with reliable biomarkers using minimally invasive methods is of great importance for improving early detection, prognostic assessment, and targeted treatment methods. In recent years, small non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, have emerged as promising candidates for biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. Despite the methodological and analytical limitations of microRNA determination and a lack of available automated and standardized tests, a prospective systematic assessment of this new parameter’s use in the detection of pancreatic cancer is warranted. This review provides general information on the diagnostic and prognostic utility of microRNAs, which appear to be well-established in many studies. In summary, microRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers of pancreatic cancer, offering potential opportunities for early detection, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. As research in this field progresses, microRNAs should become valuable tools in the fight against pancreatic cancer.