bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penser l’institution et le marché avec Karl Polanyi
Authors: Maucourant Jérôme , Plociniczak Sébastien
Published: December 2017

Bien que Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) n’ait jamais eu pour ambition « d’élaborer une théorie complète des institutions économiques », ce texte met en évidence qu’il y a, dans son œuvre, une analyse aussi implicite que profonde du marché appréhendé comme institution ou « processus institutionnalisé ». À l’encontre de la croyance économique conventionnelle, l’œuvre de Polanyi permet de comprendre que le marché, n’est ni spontané ni autorégulateur. Plus encore, à suivre Polanyi, le capitalisme ou « société de marché » se caractérise par un fait culturel spécifique : la croyance utopique en l’autorégulation marchande. Une origine de la crise économique actuelle peut ainsi être mise en évidence. Plus généralement, tout économiste contemporain soucieux des problématiques de l’institution et du marché peut, avec Polanyi, resituer de façon novatrice les marchés au sein des contextes socio-historiques dans lesquels ils se déploient.
Endettement des États et crise de l’euro
Authors: Billaudot Bernard
Published: December 2017

Sans bon diagnostic, pas de chance de guérir le malade. Cela vaut pour la crise de l’euro. Le diagnostic retenu dans ce papier est que l’origine primordiale de cette crise n’est pas un cumul de déficits élevés de certains États (origine non financière), mais le mode actuel de financement des États européens (origine financière tenant à sa dénationalisation dans un contexte d’une UE en construction). Toutefois, en matière de « maladie sociale », un bon diagnostic ne détermine pas une seule thérapie. Ainsi, il y a autant de solutions d’ordre proprement financier à la crise de l’euro que d’options politiques concernant la construction de l’Europe. Le principal objet de mon propos est de présenter quatre options « pures » avec les solutions qu’elles induisent. Je fais état in fine de mon propre point de vue politique de citoyen : organiser de façon concertée le passage de l’euro comme monnaie unique à l’euro comme monnaie commune.
Financialization against Industrialization: a regulationnist approach of the Brazilian Paradox
Authors: Araújo Eliane , Bruno Miguel , Pimentel Débora
Published: December 2017

The process of trade and financial liberalization has fundamental consequences on the development of Brazilian industry. The relatively rapid reconfiguration of the institutional form of insertion into the international regime, in a context of intensification of foreign competition and lack of consistent industrial policy has been the engine of significant changes in the structure of industry. At the end of the 1990s, a new mode of regulation emerged, based on a new accumulation regime as result of the structural changes observed. Several empirical studies have highlighted the occurrence of deindustrialization and Dutch disease caused by the strong appreciation and volatility of the exchange rate, while others, on the contrary, see the opportunity for modernization of plants from the lower prices of imported capital goods. This paper provides new empirical evidence on the chances of industrialization and Dutch disease, which marks the current debate on the effects of real exchange rate appreciation to the Brazilian economy. For its relevancy regarding the future of the industry in this country, our work also examines the recent evolution of the Brazilian growth in the context of the spread of the North-American crisis. This regime has been characterized by a strong dominance of financial accumulation ; it constraints on investment and consumption decisions, which would explains the sharp drop of the industrial production in late 2008, when the global financial markets were largely affected. Consequently, the prospects of Brazil’s macroeconomic performance depend crucially on the reactions of the current mode of regulation, and the regime of accumulation, to the challenges posed by the current stage of evolution of the global economy. By using the concept of financialization it is possible to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between industrial structure changes and financial liberalization.
L’essor et le déclin de la stratégie économique keynésienne – structuraliste au Mexique
Authors: López G. Julio
Published: December 2017

Pendant au moins deux décennies après la seconde guerre mondiale, la croissance économique au Mexique a été très rapide, à tel point que pour la caractériser, le terme « miracle mexicain » a été introduit. Le but de ce travail est d’étudier les causes immédiates ainsi que les origines historiques de l’essoufflement du miracle mexicain. L’auteur examine les limites de la stratégie fondée sur la substitution des importations en prenant en compte aussi bien des problèmes du côté de l’offre que de la demande. Il étudie aussi la relation entre économie et politique durant le « miracle », en mettant l’accent sur les accords et les conflits au sein des classes dominantes. Il montre comment les limites de l’offre et de la demande ont fait plus difficile de maintenir un taux de croissance élevé surtout après que le développement de l’économie mondiale s’est ralenti, à un moment où la substitution des importations avait atteint un niveau relativement avancé. Il avance l’hypothèse que le ralentissement de la croissance a aussi mis en danger l’accord implicite entre la haute bureaucratie d’état et les classes dominantes.
Naissance et dynamique de la nouvelle pensée économique bolivienne
Authors: Landivar Diego
Published: December 2017

Avec la crise du capitalisme actuel et face à une remise en question du travail des économistes par la société civile, le présent article pose la question de l’autonomie de la pensée économique aujourd’hui. Il cherche à explorer les conditions d’une émergence d’alternatives intellectuelles aux modèles les plus diffusés dans le monde académique, en étudiant notamment le cas bolivien. L’analyse historique, sociologique, théorique de la nouvelle pensée économique bolivienne permet de comprendre les contraintes et les conditions nécessaires à l’émergence d’une pensée qui se veut autonome.La dernière partie de cet article apporte cependant une réflexion sur les tensions et forces d’attraction qui rendent les nouveaux modèles intellectuels vulnérables, voire contradictoires.
La evolución de la relación salarial durante la post convertibilidad
Authors: Neffa Julio César
Published: December 2017

Este capítulo constituye una síntesis de trabajos realizados conjuntamente con Robert Boyer durante la década pasada y tiene como objetivo mostrar los cambios y la evolución de la relación salarial durante el periodo de la post-convertibilidad, es decir desde 2002 hasta fines de 2011, así como las principales restricciones que debe enfrentar el nuevo modo de desarrollo desde la crisis de los subprimes, que se manifiestan con fuerza desde el inicio del Segundo Mandato de la Dra. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.
Continuités et ruptures dans l’accumulation et la régulation en Amérique latine dans les années 2000 : le cas de l’Argentine, du Brésil et du Chili
Authors: Miotti Egidio Luis , Quenan Carlos , Zane Edgardo Torija
Published: December 2017

Après avoir rappelé les traits marquants permettant de caractériser l’évolution globale des économies latino-américaines, ce travail examine les principales transformations intervenues au niveau des formes institutionnelles et des régimes d’accumulation en Argentine, Brésil et Chili pendant les années 2000. Dans le sillage d’un nouveau cycle de croissance associé à une évolution favorable des termes de l’échange et au boom des exportations vers la Chine, l’analyse des cas permet d’identifier une grande diversité de trajectoires nationales. En Argentine, les transformations les plus marquées suite à la crise de 2001 se situent au niveau de la déconnexion croissante de l’économie à l’égard de la finance internationale et de la participation croissante de l’État dans la régulation d’ensemble. En ce qui concerne le Brésil, le processus de financiarisation de l’économie amorcé dans les années 1990 a conféré un rôle décisif au régime monétaire dans le mode de régulation bien que l’État renforce sa présence au sein des formes institutionnelles dans les années 2000. Le Chili, pour sa part, connaît, dans le cadre d’un mode de régulation stabilisé, un affaiblissement du dynamisme de l’activité économique, mettant en évidence les limites de l’accumulation extensive.Même si les sources de vulnérabilité diffèrent selon les pays, tous les trois sont sensibles à un éventuel retournement des prix des exportations primaires. En même temps, les trois pays analysés partagent le risque de subir les effets de « maladie hollandaise » pénalisant la diversification productive et l’emploi.
Structure de propriété et partage de la valeur ajoutée : application aux entreprises françaises non financières du SBF120
Authors: Labadi Moufida , Nekhili Mehdi
Published: December 2017

Les conflits d’intérêts entre les salariés et les actionnaires naissent principalement lors de la répartition de la valeur ajoutée dès lors que chacune des parties s’efforce d’augmenter sa part au détriment de l’autre. L’objectif de notre travail est de voir si, en fonction de la répartition de la propriété sociale entre les actionnaires, les droits dont disposent les salariés dans l’entreprise sont en mesure d’influencer le partage de la valeur ajoutée entre ces deux catégories de parties prenantes. Sur la base d’un échantillon de 84 grandes entreprises françaises durant la période 2000-2005, notre étude montre que si le nombre d’accords conclus avec l’entreprise affecte positivement la part de la richesse allouée aux salariés, le nombre de représentants des salariés semble être à l’avantage des actionnaires dans les entreprises à actionnariat dispersé. L’ampleur des licenciements accroît la part de la valeur allouée aux actionnaires et réduit celle des salariés dans les entreprises ayant une plus forte concentration de la propriété. La structure de propriété affecte donc le rapport de force entre les salariés et les actionnaires.
Une analyse historique de la nature juridique de la firme
Authors: Chassagnon Virgile
Published: December 2017

Cet article, qui s’inscrit dans le courant law and economics, est une contribution tant à l’économie de la firme qu’à l’histoire de la pensée juridique. Il propose, à partir d’une étude approfondie d’une littérature ancienne et originale, une analyse critique du paradigme du nœud de contrats qui réduit la firme à une fiction légale. A contrario, il est montré l’intérêt de reconsidérer une approche ontologique singulière de la firme en tant qu’entité (collective) réelle qui intègre sa dimension sociale irréductible. Cette théorie originale de la firme nous semble en mesure d’apporter de nouveaux fondements analytiques pour comprendre la complexité de cette institution primaire du capitalisme.
L’auto-entrepreneur, instrument de compétitivité ou adoucissant de la rigueur ? Bilan de trois années de fonctionnement du régime
Authors: Levratto Nadine , Serverin Evelyne
Published: December 2017

La loi de modernisation de l’économie du 4 août 2008 a introduit un nouveau statut d’entrepreneur individuel, l’auto-entrepreneur, dans le but de favoriser la compétitivité de l’économie nationale en promouvant l’esprit d’entreprise. Le propos de cet article est de mettre en discussion le modèle de l’auto-entrepreneur qui sous-tend ce texte, en se référant aux fondamentaux de la théorie de l’entreprise et à sa déclinaison juridique. La mise à l’épreuve de l’auto-entrepreneur au critère d’indépendance et ses différentes déclinaisons structurent l’argumentaire. Trois formes d’autonomie sont privilégiées : productive (section 1), impliquant la disponibilité de moyens financiers et matériels suffisants pour fournir des prestations à caractère professionnel ; de direction (section 2), qui rend compte de l’aptitude à assumer les risques d’entreprise tant à l’égard des parties que des tiers et de revenus (section 3), qui mesure la possibilité d’obtenir par son travail des moyens suffisants de subsistance. Nous conclurons en soulignant que ce régime apparaît surtout adapté au soutien d’une activité annexe à un régime d’activité ou de retraite, fournissant un complément de revenus, ce qui va à l’encontre de toutes les approches de l’entreprise.
AS SIGNIFICAÇÕES ACERCA DA IMAGEM CORPORAL POR CRIANÇAS AMPUTADAS
Authors: Calheiros Maria Natalia Santos , De Conti Luciane
Published: December 2017

A imagem corporal é importante na consciência de si, relacionando-se com a experiência existencial de cada um, podendo ser alterada por fatores como a amputação. Assim, as narrativas permitem organizar esta experiência, atribuindo-lhe um significado. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as significações construídas por crianças amputadas acerca de sua imagem corporal. Para tanto, foram realizados quatro momentos, gravados e transcritos, com três crianças com amputações adquiridas e uma congênita. As narrativas que remetiam à imagem corporal foram submetidas à análise da enunciação. Nos resultados, o olhar do outro foi a principal forma de preconceito, elegendo-se como uma das dificuldades impostas pela amputação. Porém, crianças com amputação adquirida e congênita diferenciaram-se quanto à significação da prótese e à possível aceitação/negação da amputação. Esses resultados demonstram que a significação sobre a imagem corporal é construída de forma singular e estar sensível a estas particularidades pode auxiliar o profissional em sua prática.
TRAJETÓRIA ACADÊMICA DE UM PÓS-GRADUANDO COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Olivati Ana Gabriela , Leite Lúcia Pereira
Published: December 2017

Este texto objetiva retratar a trajetória acadêmica e a percepção do suporte social de um estudante de pós-graduação diagnosticado com transtorno do espectro autista – TEA. O estudo se deu com o uso de dois procedimentos: (a) entrevista pessoal; (b) aplicação da Escala de Percepção do Suporte Social – EPSS, adaptada ao contexto universitário. Os dados coletados, por meio da entrevista, foram analisados com base no relato verbal, para interpretação dos sentidos e significados atribuídos a determinados fenômenos. A média dos escores obtidos com a EPSS foi de 1,78 (graduação) e 3,47 (pós-graduação) para o suporte prático e 1,50 (graduação) e 3,20 (pós-graduação) para o suporte emocional, demonstrando a percepção de maior apoio na pós-graduação. Os eixos temáticos obtidos com a entrevista foram ingresso na graduação e pós-graduação; núcleos de apoio; permanência; fatores socioemocionais; facilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas; aspectos positivos e negativos. Foi possível averiguar a falta de percepção do suporte social durante a graduação e dificuldades com métodos de ensino e avaliação. Na pós-graduação, maior percepção do suporte social e facilidade com habilidades acadêmicas. Porém, para alcançar esse nível de ensino, os estudantes, primeiramente, devem cursar a graduação, que é uma instância tida como problemática nessa pesquisa, por pouco atender às diferenças.
EXPRESSÃO FACIAL EMOCIONAL E O PROCESSO “CASA PIA”
Authors: Oliveira Sonia Cristina Coelho de , César Carla Patrícia Hernandez Alves Ribeiro
Published: December 2017

Resenha do livro da Criminóloga Portuguesa Ana Coelho-Moreira, elaborado a partir de tese orientada pelo Prof. PhD, MD Armindo Freitas-Magalhães, defendida na Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. O livro tem 324 páginas e mostra ao leitor o polêmico processo jurídico Casa Pia, que envolveu menores desfavorecidos e a contribuição da área da expressão facial em contexto forense, principalmente analisando a expressão facial emocional da culpa.
A DOCÊNCIA COM ADOLESCENTES SOB O OLHAR DO PROFESSOR: ENFOQUE HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL
Authors: Souza Cláudia Silva de , Puentes Roberto Valdés , Da Silva Silvia Maria Cintra
Published: December 2017

Considerando a unidade ensino-aprendizagem-desenvolvimento à luz do enfoque histórico-cultural, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar de que modo a compreensão do professor sobre as características psicológicas dos alunos adolescentes influencia sua prática pedagógica. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram um questionário com dados gerais sobre os professores, seguido da realização de entrevistas semidirigidas com docentes de uma escola pública de Minas Gerais. As compreensões dos professores sobre as características psicológicas dos alunos adolescentes e sua influência na prática pedagógica foram agrupadas em três dimensões: Sistemas de comunicação, Atividade de estudo e Identidade pessoal. O estudo aponta que as principais demandas de alunos adolescentes podem ser observadas e tomadas como parte importante do planejamento docente, do desenvolvimento e da avaliação das práticas pedagógicas, de forma que o ensino efetivamente promova o desenvolvimento humano. Nesse sentido, torna-se fundamental a organização do coletivo da sala de aula, tendo em vista os impactos deste na formação da personalidade do aluno, cujo processo intensivo de formação da identidade pessoal o torna extremamente sensível às opiniões sociais. Esperamos que as sistematizações realizadas no presente estudo contribuam para a produção de subsídios teóricos sobre as relações entre ensino e desenvolvimento de adolescentes, no Enfoque Histórico-Cultural.
Select Clr-g Expression on Activated Dendritic Cells Facilitates Cognate Interaction with a Minor Subset of Splenic NK Cells Expressing the Inhibitory Nkrp1g Receptor
Authors: Friede Miriam E. , Leibelt Stefan , Dudziak Diana , Steinle Alexander
Published: December 2017

Natural killer gene complex–encoded immunomodulatory C-type lectin-like receptors include members of the NKRP1 and C-type lectin-like 2 (CLEC2) gene families, which constitute genetically linked receptor-ligand pairs and are thought to allow for NK cell–mediated immunosurveillance of stressed or infected tissues. The mouse C-type lectin-like receptor Nkrp1g was previously shown to form several receptor-ligand pairs with the CLEC2 proteins Clr-d, Clr-f, and Clr-g, respectively. However, the physiological expression of Nkrp1g and its CLEC2 ligands as well as their functional relevance remained poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated a gut-restricted expression of Clr-f on intestinal epithelial cells that is spatially matched by Nkrp1g on subsets of intraepithelial lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated expression and ligand interaction of Nkrp1g in the splenic compartment, and found an exclusive expression on a small subset of NK cells that upregulates Nkrp1g after cytokine exposure. Whereas transcripts of Clr-d and Clr-f are virtually absent from the spleen, Clr-g transcripts were abundantly detected throughout different leukocyte populations and hematopoietic cell lines. However, a newly generated anti–Clr-g mAb detected only residual Clr-g surface expression on splenic monocytes, whereas many hematopoietic cell lines brightly display Clr-g. Clr-g surface expression was strongly upregulated on splenic CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells (DCs) and plasmacytoid DCs upon TLR-mediated activation and detectable by Nkrp1g, which dampens NK cell effector functions upon Clr-g engagement. Hence, different to the intestinal tract, in the spleen, Nkrp1g is selectively expressed by a subset of NK cells, thereby potentially allowing for an inhibitory engagement with Clr-g-expressing activated DCs during immune responses.
Time-Efficient Sintering Processes to Attach Power Devices Using Nanosilver Dry Film
Authors: Dai Jingru , Li Jianfeng , Agyakwa Pearl , Johnson Christopher Mark
Published: December 2017

Pressure-assisted sintering processes to attach power devices using wet nanosilver pastes with time scales of minutes to a few hours have been widely reported. This article presents our work on time-efficient sintering using nanosilver dry film and an automatic die pick and place machine, resulting in process times of just a few seconds. The combined parameters of sintering temperature 250°C, sintering pressure 10 MPa, and sintering time 5 s were selected as the benchmark process to attach 2 × 2 × 0.5-mm dummy Si devices. Then, the effects of either the sintering temperature (240–300°C), time (1–9 s), or pressure (6–25 MPa) on the porosity and shear strength of the sintered joints were investigated with three groups and a total of 13 experimental trials. The average porosities of 24.6–46.2% and shear strengths of 26.1–46.6 MPa are comparable with and/or even better than those reported for sintered joints using wet nanosilver pastes. Their dependences on the sintering temperature, time, and pressure are further fitted to equations similar to those describing the kinetics of sintering processes of powder compacts. The equations obtained can be used to not only reveal different mechanisms dominating the densification and bonding strength but also anticipate the thermal-induced evolutions of microstructures of these rapidly sintered joints during future reliability tests and/or in service.
Localized Laser Sintering of Metal Nanoparticle Inks Printed with Aerosol Jet® Technology for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Renn Michael J. , Schrandt Matthew , Renn Jaxon , Feng James Q.
Published: December 2017

Direct-write methods, such as the Aerosol Jet® technology, have enabled fabrication of flexible multifunctional 3-D devices by printing electronic circuits on thermoplastic and thermoset polymer materials. Conductive traces printed by additive manufacturing typically start in the form of liquid metal nanoparticle inks. To produce functional circuits, the printed metal nanoparticle ink material must be postprocessed to form conductive metal by sintering at elevated temperature. Metal nanoparticles are widely used in conductive inks because they can be sintered at relatively low temperatures compared with the melting temperature of bulk metal. This is desirable for fabricating circuits on low-cost plastic substrates. To minimize thermal damage to the plastics, while effectively sintering the metal nanoparticle inks, we describe a laser sintering process that generates a localized heat-affected zone (HAZ) when scanning over a printed feature. For sintering metal nanoparticles that are reactive to oxygen, an inert or reducing gas shroud is applied around the laser spot to shield the HAZ from ambient oxygen. With the shroud gas-shielded laser, oxygen-sensitive nanoparticles, such as those made of copper and nickel, can be successfully sintered in open air. With very short heating time and small HAZ, the localized peak sintering temperature can be substantially higher than that of damage threshold for the underlying substrate, for effective metallization of nanoparticle inks. Here, we demonstrate capabilities for producing conductive tracks of silver, copper, and copper–nickel alloys on flexible films as well as fabricating functional thermocouples and strain gauge sensors, with printed metal nanoparticle inks sintered by shroud-gas-shielded laser.
Hereditary hyperhomocysteinemia associated with nephrotic syndrome complicated by artery thrombosis and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A case report
Authors: Ruggeri Paolo , Lo Bello Federica , Nucera Francesco , Gaeta Michele , Monaco Francesco , Caramori Gaetano , Girbino Giuseppe
Published: December 2017

We present here the case of a 30-year-old man with a long term history of nephrotic syndrome (NS) who developed an episode of acute left main pulmonary artery thrombosis complicated by a lung abscess. During the hospital admission was also identified a concomitant hyperhomocysteinemia. After an atypical resection of the left upper pulmonary lobe and the starting of long term anticoagulation the patient was discharged but did not attend the planned follow up visits until one year later when he was seen again for severe dyspnea and exercise intolerance. At this time chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) was diagnosed by lung perfusion scintigraphy and right heart catheterization. He initially refused the surgical treatment but, after six months, for the presence of worsening dyspnea was referred for bilateral pulmonary endarterectomy followed by a cardio-thoracic rehabilitation program. After a follow-up of seven years the patient is alive and in stable conditions. NS and hyperhomocysteinemia are both known risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE), but their association with CTEPH is extremely rare. We discuss here the possible mechanisms linking these conditions. CTEPH must be suspected in any patient with NS, with or without hyperhomocysteinemia, and unexplained dyspnea.
Strong minimality and the $j$-function
Authors: Freitag James , Scanlon Thomas
Published: December 2017

We show that the order three algebraic differential equation over

{\mathbb Q}

satisfied by the analytic

j

-function defines a non-

\aleph_0

-categorical strongly minimal set with trivial forking geometry relative to the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero answering a long-standing open problem about the existence of such sets. The theorem follows from Pila's modular Ax–Lindemann–Weierstrass with derivatives theorem using Seidenberg's embedding theorem. As a by product of this analysis, we obtain a more general version of the modular Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem, which, in particular, applies to automorphic functions for arbitrary arithmetic subgroups of

SL_2 (\mathbb Z)

. We then apply the results to prove effective finiteness results for intersections of subvarieties of products of modular curves with isogeny classes. For example, we show that if

\psi:{\mathbb P}^1 \to {\mathbb P}^1

is any non-identity automorphism of the projective line and

t \in {\mathbb A}^1(\mathbb C) \smallsetminus {\mathbb A}^1({\mathbb Q}^\mathrm {alg})

, then the set of

s \in {\mathbb A}^1(\mathbb C)

for which the elliptic curve with

j

-invariant

s

is isogenous to the elliptic curve with

j

-invariant

t

and the elliptic curve with

j

-invariant

\psi(s)

is isogenous to the elliptic curve with

j

-invariant

\psi(t)

has size at most

2^{38} \cdot 3^{14}

. In general, we prove that if

V

is a Kolchin-closed subset of

\mathbb A^n

, then the Zariski closure of the intersection of

V

with the isogeny class of a tuple of transcendental elements is a finite union of weakly special subvarieties. We bound the sum of the degrees of the irreducible components of this union by a function of the degree and order of

V

.
Quaternionic covers and monodromy of the Kontsevich–Zorich cocycle in orthogonal groups
Authors: Filip Simion , Forni Giovanni , Matheus Carlos
Published: December 2017

We give an example of a Teichmüller curve which contains, in a factor of its monodromy, a group which was not observed before. Namely, it has Zariski closure equal to the group

SO^*(6)

in its standard representation; up to finite index, this is the same as

SU (3, 1)

in its second exterior power representation.

The example is constructed using origamis (i.e. square-tiled surfaces). It can be generalized to give monodromy inside the group

SO^*(2n)

for all

n

, but in the general case the monodromy might split further inside the group.

Also, we take the opportunity to compute the multiplicities of representations in the (0,1) part of the cohomology of regular origamis, answering a question of Matheus–Yoccoz–Zmiaikou.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: Diophantine Approximation, Fractal Geometry and Dynamics
Authors: Beresnevich Victor , Velani Sanju
Published: December 2017

Recently conjectures by Schmidt and by Davenport were solved in papers by Dzmitry Badziahin, Andrew Pollington and Sanju Velani, and by Victor Beresnevich. The methods which they used are the source for a growing number of works in Diophantine approximation, fractal geometry and flows on homogeneous spaces, and their full power is still far from being well understood. The goal of this workshop was to introduce those methods to a broader audience, and to allow for an opportunity to further their development.
Mini-Workshop: Fast Solvers for Highly Oscillatory Problems
Authors: Betcke Timo , Börm Steffen , Le Borne Sabine , Martinsson Per-Gunnar
Published: December 2017

The efficient numerical solution of highly oscillatory problems is one of the grand challenges of Applied Mathematics with diverse applications across the natural sciences and engineering. This workshop brings together experts in domain based methods and integral equation methods to share novel ideas and to discuss challenges on the way to developing efficient solvers at high frequencies.
Mini-Workshop: Computations in the Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups
Authors: Bayer-Fluckiger Eva , Elbaz-Vincent Philippe , Ellis Graham
Published: December 2017

Explicit calculations play an important role in the theoretical development of the cohomology of groups and its applications. It is becoming more common for such calculations to be derived with the aid of a computer. This mini-workshop assembled together experts on a diverse range of computational techniques relevant to calculations in the cohomology of arithmetic groups and applications in algebraic

K

-theory and number theory with a view to extending the scope of computer aided calculations in this area.
Large Scale Stochastic Dynamics
Authors: Bodineau Thierry , Toninelli Fabio L. , Tóth Bálint
Published: December 2017

The goal of this workshop was to explore the recent advances in the mathematical understanding of the macroscopic properties which emerge on large space-time scales from interacting microscopic particle systems. There were 53 participants, including 4 postdocs and graduate students, working in diverse intertwining areas of probability and statistical mechanics. During the meeting, 24 talks of 50 minutes were scheduled and an evening session was organised with 10 more short talks of 10 minutes, mostly by younger participants. These talks addressed the following topics: hydrodynamic limits and hydrodynamic fluctuations with a special emphasis on KPZ fluctuations, scaling limits in percolation and random walks, approach to equilibrium in reversible systems with a strong focus on kinetically constrained dynamics.
Heat Kernels, Stochastic Processes and Functional Inequalities
Authors: Gordina Masha , Kumagai Takashi , Saloff-Coste Laurent , Sturm Karl-Theodor
Published: December 2017

The general topic of the 2016 workshop Heat kernels, stochastic processes and functional inequalities was the study of linear and non-linear diffusions in geometric environments including smooth manifolds, fractals and graphs, metric spaces and in random environments. The workshop brought together leading researchers from analysis, geometry and probability, and provided an excellent opportunity for interactions between scientists from these areas at different stages of their career. The unifying themes were heat kernel analysis, mass transportation problems and functional inequalities while the program straddled across a great variety of subjects and across the divide that exists between discrete and continuous mathematics. Other unifying concepts such as the notions of metric measure space, Otto Calculus and Lott-Sturm-Villani synthetic Ricci curvature bounds played an important part in the discussions. Novel directions including the study of Liouville quantum gravity were included. The workshop provided participants with an opportunity to discuss how these ideas and techniques can be used to approach problems regarding optimal transport, Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geometry, and analysis and stochastic processes in random media.
Surface Bundles
Authors: Farb Benson , Hamenstädt Ursula , Ranicki Andrew
Published: December 2017

This workshop brought together specialists in algebraic topology, low dimensional topology, geometric group theory, algebraic geometry and neighboring fields. It provided a good overview of the current developments, and highlighted significant progress in the field. Furthermore it showed an increasing amount of interaction between specialists in different fields who are interested in the different facets of the rich theory of surface bundles.
Asymptotic Phenomena in Local Algebra and Singularity Theory
Authors: Conca Aldo , Cutkosky Steven Dale , Iyengar Srikanth B.
Published: December 2017

The goal of this workshop was to highlight, and further, the interactions between local algebra and singularity theory. The timing was serendipitous for both subjects have witnessed tremendous progress recently, much of which was reported at the workshop.
Mini-Workshop: New Interactions between Homotopical Algebra and Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Benini Marco , Rejzner Kasia , Schenkel Alexander , Schweigert Christoph
Published: December 2017

Recent developments in quantum field theory strongly call for techniques from homotopical algebra to develop the mathematical foundations of quantum gauge theories. This mini-workshop brought together experts working at the interface between topological field theory, quantum field theory and homotopical algebra with the goal of triggering major advances towards understanding quantum gauge theory. This was achieved via a fruitful exchange of ideas and technologies across different research communities and encouraging a comparison between recent approaches to homotopical quantum field theory.
Mini-Workshop: Surreal Numbers, Surreal Analysis, Hahn Fields and Derivations
Authors: Berarducci Alessandro , Ehrlich Philip , Kuhlmann Salma
Published: December 2017

New striking analogies between H. Hahn’s fields of generalised series with real coefficients, G. H. Hardy’s field of germs of real valued functions, and J. H. Conway’s field No of surreal numbers, have been lately discovered and exploited. The aim of the workshop was to bring quickly together experts and young researchers, to articulate and investigate current key questions and conjectures regarding these fields, and to explore emerging applications of this recent discovery.
The Influence of CaCO3 Scale Formation on AC Corrosion Rates of Pipeline Steel Under Cathodic Protection
Authors: Ghanbari E. , Lillard R.S.
Published: December 2017

In this paper, the influence of CaCO3 scale formation on the AC corrosion rate of pipeline steel under cathodic protection was investigated. The CaCO3 layer was deposited on X65 steel electrochemically and then studied in a soil simulant. A method for determining the fractional surface coverage of the scale based on either deposition current or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data is presented. After the deposition process, samples were exposed to 3 V root mean square (RMS) AC potential at 60 Hz and varying degrees of cathodic protection at DC potentials of −770, −700, −650, and −600 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode. It was demonstrated that the scale acts as a simple barrier and the corrosion rate of steel, exposed at the base of pores in the scale, is equal to that of boldly exposed samples. These results are discussed in the light of the previously developed theoretical model for AC corrosion.
Nutrition and quality of life referring to physical abilities – a comparative analysis of a questionnaire study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Authors: Grygielska Jolanta , Kłak Anna , Raciborski Filip , Mańczak Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

Objectives: A comparative analysis of opinions on diet and nutrition of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and quality of life limited to physical abilities in both study groups.

Material and methods: In the period from August to December 2012 an anonymous questionnaire survey was carried out among the patients of the Institute of Rheumatology. The respondents were asked to define their dietary preferences, dietary supplementation, and the level of physical limitations by completing the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The study was carried out with the consent of the Bioethics Committee.

Results: A total of 397 questionnaires were obtained. The majority of respondents were women (77%). 62% of RA patients (165 respondents) had been treated for over 10 years as opposed to OA patients (80 respondents), where the largest group (33%) were patients during their first year. There is a significant difference in the disability level of patients in both compared groups. The average HAQ of RA patients was 1.09 and OA patients – 0.46. A change of dietary habits was declared by 32% of RA patients and by 17% of OA patients (p = 0.049) mostly without consulting a specialist – it concerned mainly limiting the consumption of sweets (30% vs. 21%), a meatless diet: 19% vs. 14%, and a non-dairy diet: 9% vs. 14%.

Conclusions: Regardless of their diagnosis, the respondents believe that the way of eating affects their health. There are visible differences between diet and dietary supplementation, depending on the diagnosis of the disease. Differences were also observed in physical limitations of both patient groups – a higher level of disability was noted among RA patients. It is necessary to continue the topic at the level of clinical trials and medical experiments within the scope of the impact of diet as a supportive element in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
Retrieving vertical ozone profiles from measurements of global spectral irradiance
Authors: Bernhard Germar , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Mayer Bernhard
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A new method is presented to determine vertical ozone profiles from measurements of spectral global (direct Sun plus upper hemisphere) irradiance in the ultraviolet. The method is similar to the widely used Umkehr technique, which inverts measurements of zenith sky radiance. The procedure was applied to measurements of a high-resolution spectroradiometer installed near the centre of the Greenland ice sheet. Retrieved profiles were validated with balloon-sonde observations and ozone profiles from the space-borne Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Depending on altitude, the bias between retrieval results presented in this paper and MLS observations ranges between −5 and +3 %. The magnitude of this bias is comparable, if not smaller, to values reported in the literature for the standard Dobson Umkehr method. Total ozone columns (TOCs) calculated from the retrieved profiles agree to within 0.7±2.0 % (±1σ) with TOCs measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on board the Aura satellite. The new method is called the Global-Umkehr method.
Performance of the FMI cosine error correction method for the
Brewer spectral UV measurements
Authors: Lakkala Kaisa , Arola Antti , Gröbner Julian , Leóon-Luis Sergio Fabian , Redondas Alberto , Kazadzis Stelios , Karppinen Tomi , Karhu Juha Matti , Egli Luca , Heikkilä Anu , Koskela Tapani , Serrano Antonio , Vilaplana José Manuel
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The performance of the cosine error correction method used at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) for correcting spectral UV measurements of the Brewer spectroradiometer (Brewer) was studied. An instrument specific cosine error correction has to be applied due to the non ideal angular response of the Brewer. The correction depends on the actual sky radiation distribution, which can change even during one spectral scan due to rapid changes in cloudiness. The method has been developed to take into account such changes and derive a correction coefficient for each measured wavelength. Measurements of five Brewers were corrected using the method and the results were compared to a travel reference spectroradiometer (QASUME). Measurements were performed during the RBCC-E (Regional Brewer Calibration Center – Europe) X Campaign held at El Arenosillo, Huelva (37° N, 7° W), Spain, in 2015. In addition, results of site audits of FMI’s Brewers in Sodankylä (67° N, 23° W) and Jokioinen (61° N, 24° W) during 2002–2014 were studied. The results showed that the spectral cosine error correction varied between 4 to 14 %, and the differences between the QASUME and the Brewers diminished by up to 10 %. The study showed that the method, originally developed for measurements made at high latitudes, can be used at midlatitudes as well. It also showed that the method is applicable to other Brewers as far as required input parameters, i.e., total ozone, information from aerosols, albedo, instrument specific angular response and slit function, are known.
Climate engineering and the ocean: effects on biogeochemistry and primary production
Authors: Lauvset Siv K. , Tjiputra Jerry , Muri Helene
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive biogeochemistry to project future ocean biogeochemistry impacts from the large-scale deployment of three different radiation management (RM) climate engineering (also known as geoengineering) methods: stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine sky brightening (MSB), and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT). We apply RM such that the change in radiative forcing in the RCP8.5 emission scenario is reduced to the change in radiative forcing in the RCP4.5 scenario. The resulting global mean sea surface temperatures in the RM experiments are comparable to those in RCP4.5, but there are regional differences. The forcing from MSB, for example, is applied over the oceans, so the cooling of the ocean is in some regions stronger for this method of RM than for the others. Changes in ocean net primary production (NPP) are much more variable, but SAI and MSB give a global decrease comparable to RCP4.5 (∼ 6 % in 2100 relative to 1971–2000), while CCT gives a much smaller global decrease of ∼ 3 %. Depending on the RM methods, the spatially inhomogeneous changes in ocean NPP are related to the simulated spatial change in the NPP drivers (incoming radiation, temperature, availability of nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass) but mostly dominated by the circulation changes. In general, the SAI- and MSB-induced changes are largest in the low latitudes, while the CCT-induced changes tend to be the weakest of the three. The results of this work underscore the complexity of climate impacts on NPP and highlight the fact that changes are driven by an integrated effect of multiple environmental drivers, which all change in different ways. These results stress the uncertain changes to ocean productivity in the future and advocate caution at any deliberate attempt at large-scale perturbation of the Earth system.
Effects of alkalinity and salinity at low and high light intensity on hydrogen isotope fractionation of long-chain alkenones produced by Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Weiss Gabriella M. , Pfannerstill Eva Y. , Schouten Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , van der Meer Marcel T. J.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Over the last decade, hydrogen isotopes of long-chain alkenones have been shown to be a promising proxy for reconstructing paleo sea surface salinity due to a strong hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity across different environmental conditions. However, to date, the decoupling of the effects of alkalinity and salinity, parameters that co-vary in the surface ocean, on hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones has not been assessed. Furthermore, as the alkenone-producing haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi, is known to grow in large blooms under high light intensities, the effect of salinity on hydrogen isotope fractionation under these high irradiances is important to constrain before using δDC37 to reconstruct paleosalinity. Batch cultures of the marine haptophyte E. huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 were grown to investigate the hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity at high light intensity and independently assess the effects of salinity and alkalinity under low-light conditions. Our results suggest that alkalinity does not significantly influence hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones, but salinity does have a strong effect. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the fractionation responses to salinity recorded in alkenones grown under both high- and low-light conditions. Comparison with previous studies suggests that the fractionation response to salinity in culture is similar under different environmental conditions, strengthening the use of hydrogen isotope fractionation as a paleosalinity proxy.
Hydrothermal activity lowers trophic diversity in Antarctic hydrothermal sediments
Authors: Bell James B. , Reid William D. K. , Pearce David A. , Glover Adrian G. , Sweeting Christopher J. , Newton Jason , Woulds Clare
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Hydrothermal sediments are those in which hydrothermal fluid is discharged through sediments and are one of the least studied deep-sea ecosystems. We present a combination of microbial and biochemical data to assess trophodynamics between and within hydrothermal and background areas of the Bransfield Strait (1050–1647 m of depth). Microbial composition, biomass, and fatty acid signatures varied widely between and within hydrothermally active and background sites, providing evidence of diverse metabolic activity. Several species had different feeding strategies and trophic positions between hydrothermally active and inactive areas, and the stable isotope values of consumers were not consistent with feeding morphology. Niche area and the diversity of microbial fatty acids was lowest at the most hydrothermally active site, reflecting trends in species diversity. Faunal uptake of chemosynthetically produced organics was relatively limited but was detected at both hydrothermal and non-hydrothermal sites, potentially suggesting that hydrothermal activity can affect trophodynamics over a much wider area than previously thought.
Low pCO2 under sea-ice melt in the Canada Basin of the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kosugi Naohiro , Sasano Daisuke , Ishii Masao , Nishino Shigeto , Uchida Hiroshi , Yoshikawa-Inoue Hisayuki
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In September 2013, we observed an expanse of surface water with low CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea) (< 200 µatm) in the Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. The large undersaturation of CO2 in this region was the result of massive primary production after the sea-ice retreat in June and July. In the surface of the Canada Basin, salinity was low (< 27) and pCO2sea was closer to the air–sea CO2 equilibrium (∼  360 µatm). From the relationships between salinity and total alkalinity, we confirmed that the low salinity in the Canada Basin was due to the larger fraction of meltwater input (∼  0.16) rather than the riverine discharge (∼  0.1). Such an increase in pCO2sea was not so clear in the coastal region near Point Barrow, where the fraction of riverine discharge was larger than that of sea-ice melt. We also identified low pCO2sea (< 250 µatm) in the depth of 30–50 m under the halocline of the Canada Basin. This subsurface low pCO2sea was attributed to the advection of Pacific-origin water, in which dissolved inorganic carbon is relatively low, through the Chukchi Sea where net primary production is high. Oxygen supersaturation (> 20 µmol kg−1) in the subsurface low pCO2sea layer in the Canada Basin indicated significant net primary production undersea and/or in preformed condition. If these low pCO2sea layers surface by wind mixing, they will act as additional CO2 sinks; however, this is unlikely because intensification of stratification by sea-ice melt inhibits mixing across the halocline.