bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAT-197 Unilateral Adrenalectomy Can Induce Control in ARMC5 Mutations Patients
Authors: Ferreira Maria João , Castedo José Luis , Costa Maria Manuel , Carvalho Davide M
Published: May 2020

Primary macronodular hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome characterized by functioning adrenal macronodules and variable cortisol secretion. ARMC5 is the most frequent gene responsible for PMAH. Genetic mutations including inactivating germline mutations in armadillo repeat-containing 5 (ARMC5) gene have been identified. The occurrence of several other non adrenal tumors (meningioma, breast, colon, thyroid and parathyroid) has also been associated with PBMAH, suggesting a possible role of ARMC5 for the development of other neoplasias. The best treatment to this condition is not established. Clinical case: 64-year-old man, referred due to bilateral adrenal incidentalomas on a CT scan with characteristics of adenoma/hyperplasia. He had type-2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia for about 4 years. He was being treated with 4 different anti-hypertensive medications, gliclazide and simvastatin. Physical examination revealed thin and dry skin, obesity with centripetal fat distribution, multiple ecchymosis and facial erythrosis. He had a son and a daughter. No known familial relevant diseases. His laboratory workup revealed ACTH-independent hypercortisolism: failure to suppress on the overnight dexametasone suppression test - cortisol 27.6ug/dL- and on the low-dose dexamethasone test- cortisol 24ug/dL- associated to morning ACTH <1ng/L. He underwent stimulation tests with tetracosactide, LHRH, TRH, vasopressin, metoclopramide, glucagon anddeambulation test, which were overall negative. It was decided to proceed to bilateral adrenalectomy. Due to surgical complications, only right adenalectomy was performed. Histology revealed adrenal nodular hyperplasia. Molecular study in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocyte and in the adrenal gland revealed the presence in heterozygosity of the pathogenic mutation c.1379T>C in the ARMC5 gene. The patient underwent a cerebral CT scan which showed a meningioma in the posterior left temporal convexity. Genetic testing was also performed on the daughter and son of the patient, which revealed the same mutation. They were also tested for hypercortisolism and underwent adrenal and cerebral CT scan, which showed no abnormality. The adrenal CT scan of the daughter showed enlargement of the left adrenal gland, with aspects suggestive of nodular hyperplasia. Her blood tests revealed no sign of hypercortisolism - overnight dexametasone test- cortisol 1.0 ug/dL, morning ACTH 19.1 ng/L. The patient is currently with cortisol hypersecretion controlled. Conclusion: All patients with PMAH should be tested for ARMC5 mutations and if they are found, family screening is mandatory in this autosomal dominant disorder. Unilateral adrenalectomy could control the cortisol hypersecretion, however some of these patients can have subclinical Cushing Syndrome.
SUN-507 Fueling the Fire: A Case of Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Associated with Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis and Thyrotoxicosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Mathew Jilcy Joy , Pichardo-Lowden Ariana R
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) related to thyrotoxicosis, though rare, is more often seen in Asian males. Type 1 renal tubular acidosis (T1 RTA), which can also cause HPP, is typically managed with alkali therapy and potassium supplementation, though there are no well-established guidelines for management in pregnancy.

Clinical Case: A 27-year-old Puerto Rican woman, at 32 weeks gestation, presented to the hospital with sudden onset muscle weakness, and was found to have 1/5 muscle strength in her lower extremities. She had no personal or family history of similar illness. Laboratory analysis revealed hypokalemia (potassium 2.0 mmol/L, range: 3.5 – 5); non-gap metabolic acidosis (sodium 137mmol/L, range 136 – 145; chloride 113 mmol/L, range 98- 107; and bicarbonate 8 mmol/L, range 22 – 29); and an arterial pH of 7.09. Urine studies demonstrated a urine pH of 6.5 and a urine sodium of 32 mmol/L which was diagnostic of T1 RTA in the context of her metabolic derangements. She was treated emergently with potassium and bicarbonate infusions, with improvement in her symptoms. Subsequent thyroid function testing revealed: a low TSH of 0.01 uIU/ml, normal free T4 of 1.66 (range: 0.9 - 1.7) ng/dl, normal free of T3 3.7 (range: 2.0 -4.4) pg/ml and elevated total T4 of 16.5 (range: 4.5 - 11.7) ug/dl. Renal ultrasound demonstrated medullary nephrocalcinosis. She was discharged on potassium and sodium citrate tablets. At 37 weeks, the patient was readmitted for induction of labor due to pre-eclampsia, and delivered a healthy male baby. Several months later, she presented to the Endocrinology clinic with symptoms of increased frequency bowel movements, palpitations and heat intolerance, which had been ongoing since pregnancy. On review, a metabolic panel prior to pregnancy had demonstrated non-gap acidosis and mild hypokalemia. Further testing demonstrated the following: TSH < 0.01 uIU/ml, Free T4 1.71 ng/dl, Free T3 4.8 pg/ml, TSI 280%, and a thyroid uptake scan with homogenous radiotracer uptake, with a 24-hour uptake of 40%. She was started on methimazole therapy, and continued on potassium and sodium citrate tablets with clinical and biochemical improvement.

Conclusion: Thyrotoxicosis can augment hypokalemia in T1 RTA, and can increase the risk of HPP. Our patient had biochemical evidence of RTA prior to pregnancy, though without episodes of HPP, and we believe that her hyperthyroidism, triggered by pregnancy, may have been the additional insult that precipitated her paralysis. This is the first reported case of HPP related to co-existing thyrotoxicosis and T1 RTA in a pregnant individual.

Reference:1. Tu ML, Fang YW, Leu JG, Tsai MH. An atypical presentation of high potassium renal secretion rate in a patient with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a case report. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19(1):160. Published 2018 Jul 4. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0971-9
OR01-01 Human Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase (DIO1) Mutations Cause Abnormal Thyroid Hormone Metabolism
Authors: França Monica Malheiros , Liao Xiao Hui , Fernandes Gustavo Werpel , German Alina , Bianco Antonio C , Refetoff Samuel , Dumitrescu Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Iodothyronine deiodinases (Ds) mediate thyroid hormone (TH) action. They catalyze triiodothyronine (T3) production and degradation via, respectively; outer (ORD) and inner (IRD) ring deiodination. Type 1 D (D1) has a relatively high Km for substrates thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3), catalyzes both ORD and IRD and is inhibited by propylthiouracil (PTU). Although no mutations in DIO1 gene have been reported so far in humans, based on the D1-deficient C3H mouse and the heterozygous Dio1 knockout mice, the expected phenotype of D1 loss-of-function is higher serum rT3 and slightly elevated T4. Our objective was to identify new gene defects causing unexplained and discrepant thyroid function tests using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Exons and splice sites are captured with Agilent SureSelectXT and sequenced in Illumina HiSeq2500. Data are analyzed with BWA, GATK, and ANNOVAR applications for alignment, variant calling and annotation, respectively. Sanger sequencing is used to confirm and segregate WES variants in families. A heterozygous pathogenic missense variant in the DIO1 gene (c.282C>A:p.N94K; N-linker) was identified in four family members with relatively higher serum rT3, T4, and free T4 than unaffected relatives, and normal TSH. We identified a second heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the DIO1 (c.603G>A:p.M201I; thioredoxin-fold) in a second family. Two affected individuals presented slightly elevated TSH, higher serum rT3, normal T4 levels, while the T3/T4 ratio was lower compared to unaffected members. To assess the functional activity of the mutant D1 protein, human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK293) were transiently co-transfected with pcDNA3 plasmids expressing pD1-WT, pD1-N94K or pD1-M201I, and pGFP as transfection control. In assays performed with 1μM 125I-T4, the catalytic activities of pD1-N94K and pD1-M201I were 44.7% and 54.1% lower as compared to pD1-WT, respectively. To study the enzyme kinetics, the D1 assay was repeated in the presence of increasing 125I-T4 concentrations (0.1-20μM). The enzymatic activity assays revealed similar Vmax for pD1-N94K and pD1-M201I mutants compared to pD1-WT (VmaxpD1-N94K=53.7 vs VmaxpD1-WT=40.9 and VmaxpD1-M201I=58.8 vs VmaxpD1-WT=42), but higher Michaelis constant (Km) than pD1-WT (KmpD1-N94K=16.4 vs KmpD1-WT=6 and KmpD1-M201I=21.4 vs KmpD1-WT=6.9), which demonstrates a reduced affinity for T4. In conclusion, we report the first DIO1 mutations in humans with serum thyroid tests suggestive of TH metabolism defects. These mutations affect the catalytic activity of the D1, demonstrating impaired functional activity of the mutant enzymes and consequently altering TH metabolism.
SUN-195 Bilateral Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas: A New Subtype of Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism?
Authors: Maciel Ana Alice Wolf , de Freitas Thaís Castanheira , Balancin Marcelo L , Ledesma Felipe L , Goldbaum Tatiana S , Guimaraes Augusto , Silvino Junea P P , Petenuci Janaina , Cavalcante Aline C B S , Francisco C. Carnevale , Pilan Bruna , Yamauchi Fernando , Srougi Vitor , Tanno Fabio , Jose L Chambo , Latronico Ana Claudia , Zerbini Maria Claudia N , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Almeida Madson Q
Published: May 2020

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension (HT). PA subtypes include aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. To date, few PA patients with bilateral adenomas have been reported, but only one case was well characterized by anatomopathological analysis and clinical outcome after adrenal sparing surgery (1).

Clinical case: A 53-year-old woman was referred to investigate resistant HT and hypokalemia. (3.0 mEq/L). PA screening revealed aldosterone (A) of 37.9 ng/dL, renin (R) < 1.6 (4.4-46.1 mUI/L), A/R ratio of 24.8. Confirmatory testing confirmed PA diagnosis: seated saline infusion test (A= 83.3 ng/dL) and intravenous furosemide test (R= 3.1 mUI/L; positive test <13 mUI/L). Hypercortisolism investigation revealed a non-suppressible cortisol after an overnight 1 mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression [cortisol (C)= 2.9 μg/dL and dexamethasone= 701 (˃130 ng/dL)], and normal urinary free cortisol, midnight salivary cortisol, plasma DHEAS and ACTH levels. Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral adrenal nodules without adrenal thickening: 3.5 cm right nodule (pre-contrast density of 7UH density; absolute wash-out of 71%) and 2.5 cm left nodule (pre-contrast density of 8UH density; absolute wash-out of 78%). Sequential adrenal venous (AV) sampling (AVS) under continuous cosyntropin infusion showed a lateralization index of 3.4 (bilateral disease <4). Then, the patient underwent right adrenalectomy and left nodulectomy. In the postoperative period, she presented normalization of K+ levels and complete HT remission. She remained under hydrocortisone replacement for 2 months. After 2 months, biochemical evaluation revealed normal basal cortisol levels (13.3 µg/dL) and biochemical cure of PA (A= 3.1 ng/dL and R= 15.3 mUI/L). Currently, she doesn’t have symptoms of adrenal insufficiency after discontinuation of hydrocortisone. Anatomopathological analysis showed bilateral adenomas (Weiss score of 0) in both sides without adjacent hyperplasia. CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry displayed a strong staining in 50% of cells in the right adenoma and in 30% of cells in the left adenoma. Few aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC) were identified in the right zona glomerulosa, which is a frequent finding in normal adrenals.

Conclusion: We herein described a very rare case of PA caused by bilateral-producing adenomas, confirmed by AVS and CYP11B2 staining after adrenal sparing surgery.
SAT-242 Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Secondary to the PD-1 Inhibitor Pembrolizumab
Authors: Mathew Justin , Mathias Priyanka , Bloomgarden Noah
Published: May 2020

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI’s) are now indicated in the treatment of several solid tumors and have improved the prognosis of patients with advanced malignancy. The expanded use of ICI’s has led to the rise of otherwise rare autoimmune sequelae. The overall incidence of ICI-induced autoimmune hypophysitis has increased to approximately 10%, but is only estimated to be 0.4% with PD-1 inhibitors specifically (1). Isolated ACTH deficiency from immune checkpoint inhibitors is rare, and very few cases secondary to the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab have thus far been reported.

Clinical Case: A 75-year old woman with history of Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma presented to oncology clinic in July 2019 with progressive weakness, weight loss, and confusion for several weeks. She was found to be hypotensive and dehydrated in the clinic and subsequently was admitted to the hospital. A comprehensive infectious work-up was non-contributory. History revealed that after treatment failure with carboplatin, she was treated with pembrolizumab from January 2017 to June 2019 with excellent response. Laboratory evaluation on admission demonstrated an undetectable AM cortisol level of < 1 ug/dL (n 5-25 ug/dL) with concomitant ACTH < 5pg/mL (Roche cobas, n 7.2-63 pg/mL), consistent with central adrenal insufficiency. Testing of the remainder of the pituitary axis, including TSH (0.83uU/mL, n 0.4-4.6 uU/mL), FSH (34.7 mIU/mL, n <150mIU/mL), LH (12.6mIU/mL, n <60 mIU/mL), and IGF-1 (33ng/mL, n 34-245ng/mL), all returned within normal limits. Further chart review verified that she had not been exposed to any form of glucocorticoids within the past 6 months. MRI brain with contrast demonstrated no obvious pituitary disease. The patient was started on 5mg of prednisone daily, with significant improvement in mental status, appetite, and blood pressure. She was discharged home on maintenance prednisone for adrenal insufficiency due to presumed isolated corticotroph destruction.

Conclusions: Isolated ACTH deficiency is a very rare but potential consequence of pembrolizumab use. It can be especially difficult to diagnose in patients on chemotherapy who are at higher risk for dehydration and failure to thrive. Duration of pembrolizumab therapy should not preclude the diagnosis of isolated ACTH deficiency, as it can occur even as late as 2.5 years into therapy.

Reference: (1) Chang, L., Barroso-Sousa, R., Tolaney S., Hodi F.S., Kaiser, U.B., Min, L. Endocrine Toxicity of Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Immune Checkpoints, Endocr Rev. 2019;40;17–65.
SAT-495 Thyrotoxicosis Presenting as Right Sided Heart Failure: Two Case Reports, Two Differing Outcomes Illustrating the Importance of Early Aggressive Treatment to Reverse Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Shah Pratik B , Dao Lisa , Andersen Bogi , Levin Ellis R
Published: May 2020

Background: Graves’ thyrotoxicosis can lead to life-threatening right heart failure requiring urgent treatment. We present two such cases to illustrate management challenges and the importance of early definitive treatment.

Clinical cases: The first case is a 41 year old female with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and severe right heart failure. Cardiac ECHO showed LVEF 76% with severe biatrial enlargement, TV regurgitation, and an enlarged RV. The liver was enlarged, transaminases were high, bilirubin was 24 mg/dl (0-1.4), and clotting was prolonged. Due to hepatic dysfunction, methimazole was held. She was not a candidate for I-131 as she had received iodinated contrast. Treatment with dexamethasone and SSKI normalized thyroid function over four days. She was discharged but presented two months later with worsened hyperthyroidism and right heart failure. She was a poor surgical candidate and I-131 was administered as definitive therapy. She developed PEA arrest the following day without recovery leading to withdrawal of care and death eight days later.

The second case is also a 41 year old female with an 18 year history of Graves’ disease, intermittently compliant with methimazole. She presented with hyperthyroidism and severe right heart failure. The liver was enlarged, transaminases were high, bilirubin was 5.1 mg/dl, and clotting was prolonged. Cardiac ECHO showed LVEF 66% with severe biatrial enlargement, TV and MV regurgitation, enlarged RV, and increased RA pressure. Due to hepatic dysfunction, methimazole was held. She was not a candidate for I-131 as she had received iodinated contrast. She was prepared for thyroidectomy with aggressive heart failure treatment, dexamethasone, SSKI, and cholestyramine. Thyroid function normalized over six days and she underwent total thyroidectomy eight days after admission without complications. Postoperative cardiac ECHO showed marked improvement of cardiac parameters.

Conclusion: Right heart failure is an uncommon and often overlooked complication that can arise in poorly managed or treatment-resistant Graves’ disease. It is life-threatening and requires aggressive normalization of thyroid function, treatment of heart failure, and timely definitive therapy with I-131 or thyroidectomy. Frequently complicated by liver abnormalities, the use of thionamides is questionable. Additionally, hospitalized patients have often been evaluated with iodinated contrast studies or treated with SSKI during the acute phase, which limit the use of I-131. Our cases show that dexamethasone, SSKI, and cholestyramine can rapidly normalize thyroid function. The first case ended in death, probably due to delay in definitive treatment, whereas the second patient had an early thyroidectomy with good outcome. We recommend aggressive treatment to normalize thyroid function and reverse cardiac dysfunction followed by early definitive therapy.
The Association of Frailty With Adverse Outcomes After Multisystem Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Poulton Alexander , Shaw Julia F. , Nguyen Frederic , Wong Camilla , Lampron Jacinthe , Tran Alexandre , Lalu Manoj M. , McIsaac Daniel I.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Frailty strongly predicts adverse outcomes in a variety of clinical settings; however, frailty-related trauma outcomes have not been systematically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between frailty and outcomes (mortality-primary; complications, health resource use, and patient experience-secondary) after multisystem trauma.

METHODS:

After registration (CRD42018104116), we applied a peer-reviewed search strategy to MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Comprehensive Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from inception to May 22, 2019, to identify studies that described: (1) multisystem trauma; (2) participants ≥18 years of age; (3) explicit frailty instrument application; and (4) relevant outcomes. Excluded studies included those that: (1) lacked a comparator group; (2) reported isolated injuries; and (3) reported mixed trauma and nontrauma populations. Criteria were applied independently, in duplicate to title/abstract and full-text articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Effect measures (adjusted for prespecified confounders) were pooled using random-effects models; otherwise, narrative synthesis was used.

RESULTS:

Sixteen studies were included that represented 5198 participants; 9.9% of people with frailty died compared to 4.2% of people without frailty. Frailty was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–1.71), complications (adjusted OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.72–3.15), and adverse discharge (adjusted OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.29–2.45). Patient function, experience, and resource use outcomes were rarely reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

The presence of frailty is significantly associated with mortality, complications, and adverse discharge disposition after multisystem trauma. This provides important prognostic information to inform discussions with patients and families and highlights the need for trauma system optimization to meet the complex needs of older patients.
Prehabilitation for the Frailty Syndrome: Improving Outcomes for Our Most Vulnerable Patients
Authors: Norris Christina M. , Close Jacqueline C. T.
Published: May 2020

Anesthetists are increasingly faced with the challenge of delivering perioperative care to frail older people. Patients with frailty undergoing surgical intervention are at a significantly increased risk of perioperative complications, mortality, and longer length of stay. Moreover, frailty is often associated with multimorbidity and a range of geriatric syndromes including functional dependency, cognitive impairment, and malnutrition which further increases risk and complexity of care. There is a growing body of evidence that prehabilitation—intervention delivered during the preoperative period to improve overall health and function—can improve postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing surgery. However, whether this vulnerable population stand to benefit from prehabilitation is less clear. We review the evidence for prehabilitation for patients with frailty including whether the risks associated with and outcomes from surgery can be modified through comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Urban Air
Authors: Negi Rohit
Published: May 2020

With toxic air emerging as one of the biggest risks facing urban residents globally, alongside the possibilities of designing “domes” of purified atmospheres, air has lately emerged as a productive object of critical urban inquiry. This essay delves into the manner in which air is being thought and written about, the various attempts to govern it, the production of identities and solidarities around it, and what it means to live with toxic air across urban regions. It argues that the debate on urban air contributes strongly to current thinking around questions of citizenship, science, and justice.
The Camp
Authors: Abourahme Nasser
Published: May 2020

The figure of the camp towers over our present. Our planners find it indispensable. Our political grammar finds it unavoidable. Our very conceptions of “the city,” and its once stable inside/outside demarcations, find its challenge insuperable. Not only do more people and more categories of people inhabit camps than ever before, from refugees and migrants to the homeless and detainees, but the camp form today proliferates at the heart of urban space and across the global North/global South divide. Camps are no longer temporary sites of emergency management. They are a global logic of government, an enduring colonial technology at the heart of the response to the climate/border crisis. Taking up the example of the Palestinian refugee camp, this article argues that camps no longer teach us anything about legal exceptions; rather they underline the politics of inhabitation. Camps enact the collapse of the separation between life and politics by making the very fact of inhabitation in itself the basis of political control and contestation. If our world is becoming uninhabitable, the camp, the most common defense against racialized bodies moving to find a place to live, becomes the place where the very political stakes of inhabitation come to the fore.
The Concrete Jungle
Authors: Martinez Diana
Published: May 2020

Focusing on reinforced concrete technology, the purpose of this essay is to underscore the particular material conditions that made the concrete city—presented as synonymous with the modern urban condition—not only possible but global. By examining Chicago and Manila through the technologies that drove their tandem growth, this essay also argues for a different view of urbanization in the developing world, as a part of and not distinct from the urbanization of the colonial metropole.
Skill as Problem-Space in the Contemporary Mumbai Construction Industry
Authors: Sturman Rachel
Published: May 2020

The ubiquity of building construction in contemporary Mumbai is transforming everyday urban life and landscape. This article examines one facet of the building construction industry: its organization of labor through distinctions of skill. Distinctions among skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled labor shape the everyday work of building, yet these terms only partially map onto hierarchies of embodied capacities and know-how. At least two vectors are producing what I term a “problem-space” concerning skill. On one hand, long-standing patterns of informal learning by doing and solving problems at hand are now being challenged by a new industry emphasis on formal training as the basis for skill. On the other hand, builders do not necessarily seek to change their heavy reliance on labor categorized as unskilled, at times viewing technology as an ultimate solution to what they see as the limitation of the majority of workers. Workers, for their part, while largely eschewing a language of skill, nonetheless valorize a variety of forms of embodied knowledge and ability, including those involved in exiting the strenuous work of building to become a contractor of construction labor.
Translocal Householding
Authors: Ramamurthy Priti
Published: May 2020

The urban experience remains inextricably entangled with the rural for millions of poor migrants to cities in the global South who labor in informal economies. Translocal households, households that share the labor and costs of social reproduction spatially across the city and the country, are an important site of entanglement, empirically and imaginatively. The dynamics of translocal householding in the oral histories of two migrants to Delhi reveal intermittent pathways of escape from and recuperation of normative hierarchies of social difference—especially of gender and caste—over life times and spaces. The need for care and rejuvenation lead to creating new forms of community and unexpected friendships in cities, with village households a fallback. In the process of seeking aspirations, refuge, belonging, and a final resting place, it is likely that hierarchies based on social difference shift but are recuperated in translocal households.
Disidentification with Nationalist Conflict
Authors: Drury Mark
Published: May 2020

This article explores how physical movement and political mobility have been central to different forms of loyalty and critique that have historically underpinned political authority in the Sahara. After outlining several expressions of loyalty characteristic of political authority in the Sahara and their interrelationship with movement and mobility, the article focuses on the figure of the ‘a'id, or returnee, a subject position that has been produced by the conflict between Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic state-in-exile. Defined as someone who leaves Sahrawi refugee camps and “returns” to Morocco, the ‘a'id has been associated with betrayal and opportunism since emerging as a subject position near the end of armed conflict in the late 1980s. As the significance of this subject position has changed, the article considers how the ‘a'id illustrates the politics of disidentification for those subjected to the binaries of prolonged nationalist conflict.
Islam as Enigma
Authors: Moin A. Azfar
Published: May 2020

Why did Shahab Ahmed treat Islam as a puzzle to solve in his book What Is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic? Moin examines this question in light of the historical changes that gave shape to the milieu that Ahmed refers to as the Bengal-to-Balkans complex.
Is Orientalism Islamic?
Authors: Amer Meziane Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Since many orientalists make Revelation to Muhammad meaningful in terms of hermeneutical engagement, does it mean that orientalism should be deemed Islamic? By raising this deliberately provocative question, this essay examines the ways in which definitions of Islam do or do not challenge orientalism. Is it possible to construct a “post-orientalist” definition of Islam without enacting a continuous critique of orientalism? Is such a critique exhausted by Edward W. Said's famous book, Orientalism, as it is too often assumed, or are we still confined by its impasses? These questions define the method that structures the essay's argument.
“Removed from Nature”
Authors: Anderson Kay , Perrin Colin
Published: May 2020

In the context of current concerns within the environmental humanities to challenge the idea that humans are somehow irreducible to nature, this article takes up the much-neglected history of the idea of human exceptionality itself. According to now familiar accounts, metaphysical assumptions about the unique status of the human are considered to have persisted—including to the present day—despite evolutionary contentions that the human should be understood as a purely physical being. Such, largely Christian and Cartesian, metaphysical notions of a human soul or mind doubtlessly endure. But in this article we consider the—largely ignored, yet now arguably more prevalent—idea that humans are exceptional because of their physicality. Here, then, we outline the emergence of the scientific claim that a uniquely human condition of nature transcendence is owed not to some immaterial quality of mind or soul, but rather to the distinctiveness of human anatomy. It was, we will argue, the body—and, above all, the head—which provided the basis of a modern attempt to establish that humans were creatures of a categorically different order from all other animals. More precisely, it was as human cultural differences were correlated with variations in the size and shape of the head that the human body, in its upright stature, came to provide an explicitly materialist—and, as we shall see, potently ethnocentric—foundation for the claim that human beings are exceptional. The modern idea of human exceptionality is thus shown to be based in large part on a scientifically dubious, and culturally specific, argument about the nature-transcendent quality of beings that walk upright. This is a particular form of humanist discourse that often forgets its own contingencies and instabilities, as well as its comprehensively violent inheritances.
Digitalization and the New Possibilities of Accounting Education
Authors: Voronova E.
Published: May 2020

Th e article is devoted to the impact of digitalization on educational activities and, as a result, new opportunities for teaching accounting to students of higher educational institutions, including the introduction of online courses. Th e article discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. Attention is paid to the need for accounting teachers to understand the changes occurring in practical accounting and related to the digitalization of the economy.
INFLUENCE OF SPRING RAPE SOWING PERIODS AND PLANT PROTECTION DURING CULTURING ON ITS SEEDS
Authors: Lupova Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the research is yield increasing of spring rape using the Clearfield system in Ryazan region. The research was carried out in 2016-2019 within the conditions of the experimental agrotechnological station of the Federal State Budgetary EDUCATIONAL Institution of Ryazan region on gray forest clay loam soil. The experiment revealed that during the second and third sowing, the OZORNO hybrid is more precocious, the growing period of which amounts to 85-83 days, which is 10-6 days less than that of the Salsa CL one (95-89 days). On average, the highest yield of spring rape was obtained at the first sowing period (first decade of May) on the base of all experi-ments: Salsa CL – 20.8 C / ha, Ozorno – 19.5 C / ha, Ratnik – 19.0 C / ha. The maximum yield (24.8 C / ha) was obtained in 2016 from Salsa CL hybrid using the Clearfield system. On average, the indicators of yield growth, de-velopment and formula of the domestic Ratnik variety were not inferior to ones of the Ozorno hybrid. The variants on the base of Clearfield system showed lower weeding, and all groups of weeds were killed or severely sup-pressed.
In the conditions of Russian southern part of the non-Chernozem zone, the first decade of May for spring rape sow-ing in the most favorable period, in regard to yield using the Clearfield system. The maximum profitability (108.5%) is marked on the variant with the Salsa KL hybrid of the first sowing period.
Determinación social de la salud en el territorio: miradas de los trabajadores bananeros en Tenguel (Ecuador)
Authors: Polo Almeida Patricia
Published: May 2020

Introducción: desde inicios del siglo XX, Ecuador exporta banano, en su mayoría, a los países del Cono Sur. A partir de 1948, y con el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el país ganó importancia como uno de los mayores proveedores de la fruta en el mercado global. Sin embargo, la producción y la comercialización del banano ecuatoriano a escala mundial ha modificado de forma mínima la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de las bananeras para su bienestar. De hecho, su salud se ha visto afectada, a lo largo de la historia, por los procesos estructurales propios de una economía dependiente y capitalista. Desarrollo: primero se desarrolló, de forma breve, la base teórica utilizada para el análisis propuesto. Posteriormente, se interpretaron las representaciones sociales de los trabajadores de los cultivos de banano sobre cómo su salud se determina socialmente en los territorios, a la vez que se integró el análisis de información cuantitativa e histórica sobre la salud pública en el país; el rol del país en el comercio mundial del banano; y las dinámicas territoriales nacionales que permiten comprender la determinación social de la salud y del territorio desde las escalas nacionales e internacionales. Conclusiones: la salud de los trabajadores de los cultivos de banano en Tenguel se configura territorialmente debido a las relaciones políticas y económicas globales, locales y nacionales mediadas por el Estado-nación. A estas fuerzas globales, que estructuran y configuran lo local, se suman las relaciones patriarcales. Ante este escenario, los trabajadores, en conjunto con la población local, han generado un tejido social que aporta con procesos que protegen su salud y sus vidas.
Understanding Physicians’ Online-Offline Behavior Dynamics: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wang Liuan , Yan Lu (Lucy) , Zhou Tongxin , Guo Xitong , Heim Gregory R.
Published: May 2020

Online healthcare platforms allow physicians and patients to communicate in a timely manner. Yet little is known about how physicians’ online and offline activities affect each other and, consequently, the healthcare system. We collected data from both online and offline channels to study physicians’ online-offline behavior dynamics. We find that physicians’ online activities can lead to a higher service quantity in offline channels, whereas offline activities may reduce physicians’ online services because of resource constraints. We also find that the more offline patients that physicians serve, the more articles the physicians will likely share in online healthcare platforms. These findings are of great importance to practitioners and policy makers. Our work provides evidence that online healthcare platforms supplement offline services and thus lessen the concern that physicians’ participation in online healthcare platforms will negatively influence offline healthcare services. Our findings also indicate the need for the improvement of online-offline coordination and better system design.
Dynamic Matching in School Choice: Efficient Seat Reassignment After Late Cancellations
Authors: Feigenbaum Itai , Kanoria Yash , Lo Irene , Sethuraman Jay
Published: May 2020

In the school choice market, where scarce public school seats are assigned to students, a key operational issue is how to reassign seats that are vacated after an initial round of centralized assignment. Practical solutions to the reassignment problem must be simple to implement, truthful, and efficient while also alleviating costly student movement between schools. We propose and axiomatically justify a class of reassignment mechanisms, the permuted lottery deferred acceptance (PLDA) mechanisms. Our mechanisms generalize the commonly used deferred acceptance (DA) school choice mechanism to a two-round setting and retain its desirable incentive and efficiency properties. School choice systems typically run DA with a lottery number assigned to each student to break ties in school priorities. We show that under natural conditions on demand, the second-round tie-breaking lottery can be correlated arbitrarily with that of the first round without affecting allocative welfare and that reversing the lottery order between rounds minimizes reassignment among all PLDA mechanisms. Empirical investigations based on data from New York City high school admissions support our theoretical findings.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Zeros
Authors: Bandi Federico M. , Kolokolov Aleksey , Pirino Davide , Renò Roberto
Published: May 2020

Asset prices can be stale. We define price staleness as a lack of price adjustments yielding zero returns (i.e., zeros). The term idleness (respectively, near idleness) is, instead, used to define staleness when trading activity is absent (respectively, close to absent). Using statistical and pricing metrics, we show that zeros are a genuine economic phenomenon linked to the dynamics of trading volume and, therefore, liquidity. Zeros are, in general, not the result of institutional features, like price discreteness. In essence, spells of idleness or near idleness are stylized facts suggestive of a key, omitted market friction in the modeling of asset prices. We illustrate how accounting for this friction may generate sizable risk compensations in short-dated option returns.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
ENTENDENDO O PRESENTE PELO PASSADO: O STEAMPUNK DE A ALCOVA DA MORTE COMO RESGATE DA TRADIÇÃO DA FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Silva Alexander Meireles da
Published: May 2020

Apresentando narrativas normalmente ambientadas no passado e que incorporam releituras tecnológicas e estéticas do século XX no imaginário do século XIX, o steampunk vem conquistando relevância na Ficção Científica brasileira do século XXI promovendo o diálogo não apenas com as raízes literárias de sua ascensão no Brasil na Primeira República (1889-1930), mas também com a problemática, ainda atual, quanto a configuração desta vertente romanesca dentro do cenário da literatura fantástica nacional. Neste quadro, buscaremos demonstrar especificamente como o steampunk brasileiro no romance A alcova da morte (2017), de Enéias Tavares, Nikelen Witter e A. Z. Cordenonsi faz uso de diferentes elementos e estruturas narrativas que subvertem o gênero Ficção Científica no Brasil ao mesmo tempo em que se coloca como uma metáfora de um país onde o progresso científico não promoveu impactos positivos na qualidade de vida da sua população, afetando assim a instalação e disseminação da ficção científica na Literatura do início do século XX em nossas terras.
A CRÍTICA DE HUMBERTO DE CAMPOS SOBRE A FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DE BERILO NEVES
Authors: Vilela Marcos Antonio Maia
Published: May 2020

O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a crítica literária que Humberto de Campos (1886-1934) produziu sobre os contos de Berilo Neves (1901-1974), publicados no livro A Costela de Adão, no ano de 1930. Campos é imortal da Academia Brasileira de Letras e foi o precursor, de acordo com Bráulio Tavares (1993), no exercício da crítica sobre livros que abordavam a ficção científica. Embora esta terminologia não tenha sido utilizada por Campos tampouco por Berilo Neves, há uma disposição do crítico em reconhecer uma escrita que reúna imagens da fantasia e da ciência. O pressuposto para esta análise se definiu a partir da ideia sobre a produção de narrativas sobre o passado que serviriam de base para a extrapolação da realidade empírica. Para alcançar este entendimento, o crítico trilha um percurso apresentando algumas definições e características sobre o romance histórico. É com base nesta proposta que o debate sobre os textos de Berilo Neves recorre aos usos da imaginação enquanto ferramenta capaz de constituir um universo narrativo convincente. A partir desta compreensão, é possível pensar em uma narrativa que apresente uma história do futuro, onde o escritor seja capaz de manipular as informações que domina sobre determinado campo de conhecimento. A iniciativa de Humberto de Campos abre um amplo horizonte de investigações que podem elucidar algumas questões sobre a literatura e o gênero que reúne temas da fantasia e ciência, desenvolvidas no Brasil desde meados do século dezenove.
ENTREVISTA COM M. ELIZABETH GINWAY
Authors: Causo Roberto De Sousa
Published: May 2020

Recebido em 03 Mar 2020Aprovado em 23 Mar 2020
Guerras por recursos: o petróleo no Brasil | Resource wars: the petroleum in Brazil
Authors: Alvarenga Alexandre Andrade
Published: May 2020

O objetivo desse artigo foi analisar o setor de petróleo no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva geopolítica de “guerras por recursos”, que caracteriza a geopolítica moderna como uma ordem internacional marcada por crescentes disputas e conflitos por recursos naturais e energéticos estratégicos. Entendendo “guerras por recursos” tanto como disputas e conflitos bélicos e militares quanto disputas e conflitos políticos, econômicos e sociais pelo acesso e controle de recursos estratégicos, como o petróleo, o artigo procurou entender como esse fenômeno se manifesta no Brasil e identificar os principais atores, estratégias, ações, reações e pressões relacionadas ao tema. Para tanto, realizou-se uma breve apresentação conceitual sobre “guerras por recursos” e uma revisão bibliográfica e de notícias relacionadas ao petróleo no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Guerras por recursos; Petróleo; Brasil.ABSTRACTThis article proposes a reflection on the oil sector in Brazil according to the perspective of “resource wars”, which characterizes the modern geopolitics as an international order marked by growing disputes and conflicts for strategic natural and energy resources. Understanding “resource wars” as much as warlike disputes and conflicts, as political, economic and social disputes promoted by different actors over natural resources access and control, the article sought, more specifically, to understand how this disputes and conflicts occur in Brazil and to identify the main actors, context, strategies and actions related to the subject. To achieve this goal, a brief conceptual presentation about resource war was made along with a literature and news review.Keywords: Resource wars; Petroleum; Brazil. Recebido em: 16 Dez.2019 | Aceito em: 02 Mar. 2020
Milani, Carlos R. S. Solidariedade e Interesse. Motivações e estratégias na cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. 1º ed. Curitiba: Editora Appris, 2018, 350p. ISBN: 978-85-473-2141-3
Authors: Soares Mombelli Cecilia
Published: May 2020

O livro contribui para situar o debate sobre cooperação e direciona o estudo para uma acepção mais precisa: a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Espécie de manual sobre o assunto, serve de porta de entrada para todos que pretendem pesquisar cooperação, ou que tão-somente tenham interesse pelo tema. O eixo condutor da narrativa é a premissa de que a CID é um campo político, portanto, permeada de relações de poder.Palavras-chave: Cooperação para o desenvolvimento; Cooperação Sul- Sul; Organizações Internacionais.ABSTRACTThe book helps to situate the debate on cooperation and directs the study to a more precise meaning: international cooperation for development. A kind of manual on the subject, it serves as a gateway for everyone who intends to research cooperation, or who is only interested in the topic. The guiding axis of the narrative is the premise that the ICD is a political field, therefore, permeated by power relations.Keyword: Development Cooperation; South-South Cooperation; International Organization.Recebido em: 24 Fev.2020 | Aceito em: 17 Fev.2020.
Direitos Humanos, Cidadania e Violência no Brasil: a qualidade da democracia em perspectiva | Human Rights, Citizenship and Violence in Brazil: the quality of democracy in perspective
Authors: Domínguez Ávila Carlos Frederico
Published: May 2020

O artigo explora a evolução recente dos Direitos Humanos, da Cidadania e da Violência, e seus impactos na qualidade da democracia no Brasil. São utilizadas como unidades de análise três conjuntos de tópicos: a dignidade pessoal, os direitos civis, e os direitos políticos. Em geral, constata-se a existência de uma distância considerável entre a proclamação normativa desses Direitos Humanos no sistema legal, de um lado, e a efetiva promoção e execução desses direitos básicos na realidade política e social do Brasil.Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos; Qualidade da Democracia; Brasil.ABSTRACTThe paper explores the evolution of Human Rights, Citizenship and Violence, and their impacts in the study of democratic quality in Brazil. It is used three set of basic rights as topics for research: the personal dignity, the civil rights, and the political rights. At the end, it is noted some distance between the existence of opportunities for Human Rights in the legal system of the country and the actual guarantee of those set of basic rights in the political and social Brazilian reality.Keywords: Human Rights; the Quality of Democracy; Brazil. Recebido em: 30 de Março 2020.
Focusing and propagation characteristics of radially polarized helical-conical Airy beams
Authors: Li Yue , Sun Fei , Wang Guanxue , Yu Miao , Song Bo , Peng Nongxue , Gao Xiumin
Published: May 2020

This paper uses a spiral cone wavefront to modulate a radially polarized Airy beam. Based on the vector diffraction theory, the focusing and propagation characteristics of a radially polarized spiral cone Airy beam are studied. In order to conduct in-depth analysis on the unique properties of radial polarized spiral cone-shaped Airy beams, the focused light intensity, optical gradient force distribution, and propagation characteristics under different spiral cone parameters were simulated. The results show that the parameters of the helical-conical have a significant effect on the focusing characteristics of the radially polarized helical-conical Airy beam. The radial polarization of the radially polarized helical-conical Airy beam shows a lateral stretching trend. During propagation, focused light field distribution gradually becomes an optical trap. The light trap-like mode displayed after Airy beam modulation can be applied to optical tweezers operation, optical capture, and other fields.
Sapphire Fabry–Perot interferometer for high-temperature pressure sensing
Authors: Wang Z. , Chen J. , Wei H. , Liu H. , Ma Z. , Chen N. , Chen Z. , Wang T. , Pang F.
Published: May 2020

An adhesive-free encapsulation sapphire Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and demonstrated for high-temperature pressure measurements. The sapphire FPI sensor is packaged by zirconia ferrules and a zirconia sleeve, which is easy to be configured and low in cost. Owing to this packaging technology, the sapphire FPI sensor presents good stability and high temperature resistance. The pressure and temperature properties of the sapphire FPI sensor are investigated within a temperature range from

−

50
∘

C

to 1200°C and a pressure range from 0.4 to 4.0 MPa. Experimental results show the FPI has a temperature sensitivity of 23 pm/°C and still works as the temperature is up to 1200°C. Meanwhile, the wavelength shift of the sapphire FPI versus the applied pressure is linear at each tested temperature. The pressure sensitivity is measured to be 1.20 nm/MPa at 1200°C, and the linear response shows the proposed sensor has good repeatability within 0.4–4.0 MPa. Such a sapphire FPI sensor has potential applications in engineering areas, such as the oil industry and gas boilers.