bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of fetal echocardiographic parameters in surgical strategy for Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Zhang Bingyao , Wu Pengfei , Zhao Liqing , Lu Yanan , Bai Kai , Sun Kun , Chen Sun , Wu Yurong
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether fetal echocardiographic parameters were predictive of the postnatal surgical treatment required for fetuses with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Methods

The fetal echocardiographic and postnatal clinical data of all cases of prenatal TOF at Xinhua Hospital from 2016 to 2020 were reviewed. Patients were categorized based on the operation type, and cardiac parameters were compared between groups.

Results

Of the 37 fetuses assessed, the development of the pulmonary valve annulus (PVA) was significantly poorer in the transannular patch group. Patients with a prenatal PVA z‐score (Schneider's method) ≥ –2.645, a PVA z‐score (Lee's method) ≥ –2.805, a PVA/aortic valve annulus diameter ratio ≥ .697, and a pulmonary annulus index ≥ .823 were more likely to undergo pulmonary valve‐sparing surgery. There was a strong correlation between prenatal and postnatal PVA z‐scores. The PVA growth potential was greater in the pulmonary valve‐sparing surgery group.

Conclusions

PVA‐related parameters evaluated by fetal echocardiography can predict the type of surgical intervention required and are valuable in improving prenatal counseling in fetal cases of TOF.
Effects of elevated CO2 on feeding responses of biological control agents of Pontederia crassipes
Authors: Paper M. K. , Righetti T. , Raubenheimer S. L. , Coetzee J. A. , Sosa A. J. , Hill M. P.
Published: February 2023

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and rising temperatures will have far‐reaching effects on global plant‐insect interactions, yet their implications for future biological control programs are not fully understood. Studies have shown that elevated CO2 will affect insect feeding guilds differently and these responses can be predicted with some confidence. Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae), is a native and representative species of the Del Plata wetlands (Argentina) that invades outside of its native environment. It is considered one of the world's worst aquatic weeds and a target for biological control. In this study, water hyacinth plants were grown under two CO2 concentrations – current (400 p.p.m.) or elevated (800 p.p.m.) –, with and without two biocontrol agents representing different feeding guilds, the leaf‐chewing Cornops aquaticum Brüner (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the phloem‐feeding Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Under eCO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, total dry weight, and relative growth rate of P. crassipes acclimated to eCO2 conditions and plants showed very little CO2 fertilization response in eutrophic water. Insect herbivory varied depending on feeding guilds at eCO2; however, P. crassipes growth responses increased when exposed to insect herbivory. Chewing herbivory by C. aquaticum was consistent across CO2 conditions, whereas the feeding by M. scutellaris increased substantially at eCO2. These results indicate that successful biological control of P. crassipes under conditions of elevated CO2 might rely on phloem‐feeding insects, with chewers playing a lesser role.
Genes4Epilepsy: An epilepsy gene resource
Authors: Oliver Karen L. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Bennett Mark F. , Grinton Bronwyn E. , Bahlo Melanie , Berkovic Samuel F.
Published: February 2023

Objective

“How many epilepsy genes are there?” is a frequently asked question. We sought to (1) provide a curated list of genes that cause monogenic epilepsies, and (2) compare and contrast epilepsy gene panels from multiple sources.

Methods

We compared genes included on the epilepsy panels (as of July 29, 2022) of four clinical diagnostic providers: Invitae, GeneDx, Fulgent Genetics, and Blueprint Genetics; and two research resources: PanelApp Australia and ClinGen. A master list of all unique genes was supplemented by additional genes identified via PubMed searches up until August 15, 2022, using the search terms “genetics” AND/OR “epilepsy” AND/OR “seizures”. Evidence supporting a monogenic role for all genes was manually reviewed; those with limited or disputed evidence were excluded. All genes were annotated according to inheritance pattern and broad epilepsy phenotype.

Results

The comparison of genes included on epilepsy clinical panels revealed high heterogeneity in both number of genes (range: 144–511) and content. Just 111 genes (15.5%) were included on all four clinical panels. Subsequent manual curation of all “epilepsy genes” identified >900 monogenic etiologies. Almost 90% of genes were associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. By comparison only 5% of genes were associated with monogenic causes of “common epilepsies” (i.e., generalized and focal epilepsy syndromes). Autosomal recessive genes were most frequent (56% of genes); however, this varied according to the associated epilepsy phenotype(s). Genes associated with common epilepsy syndromes were more likely to be dominantly inherited and associated with multiple epilepsy types.

Significance

Our curated list of monogenic epilepsy genes is publicly available: github.com/bahlolab/genes4epilepsy and will be regularly updated. This gene resource can be utilized to target genes beyond those included on clinical gene panels, for gene enrichment methods and candidate gene prioritization. We invite ongoing feedback and contributions from the scientific community via genes4-epilepsy@unimelb.edu.au.
KRT5 mutation regulate melanin metabolism through notch signalling pathway between keratinocytes and melanocytes
Authors: Jia Weixue , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Xue , Luo Lingling , Sun Heng , Jiang Yiqun , Wang Jianbo , Mao Qiuxia , Guo Youming , Kong Lingzhuo , Mo Ran , Li Chengrang
Published: February 2023

Dowling–Degos disease (DDD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary skin disease characterized by acquired reticular hyperpigmentation in flexural sites, and one of its causative genes is KRT5 gene. But the effect of KRT5, expressed only in keratinocytes, on melanocytes is unclear. Other pathogenic genes of DDD include POFUT1, POGLUT1 and PSENEN genes, which is involved in posttranslational modification of Notch receptor. In this study, we aim to determine the ablation of keratinocyte KRT5 affect melanogenesis in melanocyte through Notch signalling pathway. Here we found that KRT5 downregulation decreased the expression of the Notch ligand in keratinocytes and Notch1 intracellular domain in melanocytes, by establishing two cell models of ablation of KRT5 in keratinocytes based on CRISPR/Cas9 site‐directed mutation and lentivirus‐mediated shRNA. Treatment of melanocytes with Notch inhibitors had same effects with ablation of KRT5 on increase of TYR and decrease of Fascin1. Activation of Notch signalling reverses the effect of ablation of KRT5 on melanogenesis. Immunohistochemistry of DDD lesions with KRT5 gene mutation confirmed changes in the expression of relevant molecules in Notch signalling. Our research elucidates molecular mechanism of KRT5‐Notch signalling pathway in the regulation of melanocytes by keratinocytes, and preliminary reveal the mechanism of DDD pigment abnormality caused by KRT5 mutation. These findings identify potential therapeutic targets of the Notch signalling pathway for the treatment of skin pigment disorders.
Design of a stable human acid‐β‐glucosidase: towards improved Gaucher disease therapy and mutation classification
Authors: Pokorna Sarka , Khersonsky Olga , Lipsh‐Sokolik Rosalie , Goldenzweig Adi , Nielsen Rebekka , Ashani Yacov , Peleg Yoav , Unger Tamar , Albeck Shira , Dym Orly , Tirosh Asa , Tarayra Rana , Hocquemiller Michaël , Laufer Ralph , Ben‐Dor Shifra , Silman Israel , Sussman Joel L. , Fleishman Sarel J. , Futerman Anthony H.
Published: February 2023

Acid‐β‐glucosidase (GCase, EC3.2.1.45), the lysosomal enzyme which hydrolyzes the simple glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), is encoded by the GBA1 gene. Biallelic mutations in GBA1 cause the human inherited metabolic disorder, Gaucher disease (GD), in which GlcCer accumulates, while heterozygous GBA1 mutations are the highest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recombinant GCase (e.g., Cerezyme®) is produced for use in enzyme replacement therapy for GD and is largely successful in relieving disease symptoms, except for the neurological symptoms observed in a subset of patients. As a first step toward developing an alternative to the recombinant human enzymes used to treat GD, we applied the PROSS stability‐design algorithm to generate GCase variants with enhanced stability. One of the designs, containing 55 mutations compared to wild‐type human GCase, exhibits improved secretion and thermal stability. Furthermore, the design has higher enzymatic activity than the clinically used human enzyme when incorporated into an AAV vector, resulting in a larger decrease in the accumulation of lipid substrates in cultured cells. Based on stability‐design calculations, we also developed a machine learning‐based approach to distinguish benign from deleterious (i.e., disease‐causing) GBA1 mutations. This approach gave remarkably accurate predictions of the enzymatic activity of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the GBA1 gene that are not currently associated with GD or PD. This latter approach could be applied to other diseases to determine risk factors in patients carrying rare mutations.
Dementia and acute care of ischemic stroke in Japan: A retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Authors: Matsugaki Ryutaro , Muramatsu Keiji , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsuda Shinya
Published: February 2023

Aim

This study aimed to determine the impact of dementia on the implementation of intravenous thrombolysis and early rehabilitation as acute care for patients with acute ischemic stroke in Japan.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. Patients aged ≥75 years with acute ischemic stroke (ICD‐10 code: I63) were enrolled (n = 464 710). In this study, dementia was identified using the ICD‐10 codes (F00, F01, F02, F03, G30, and G31) for comorbidity. A mixed‐effects logistic regression analysis nested at the hospital level was conducted to examine the impact of dementia on the implementation of intravenous thrombolysis and early rehabilitation.

Results

Overall, 57 905 patients with ischemic stroke had dementia. The group with dementia was less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis (5.2% vs. 6.9%) and more likely to undergo early rehabilitation than the group without dementia (76.1% vs. 73.0%). In the mixed‐effects logistic regression analysis, dementia was significantly associated with a lower probability of undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (adjusted odds ratio: 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.82, P < 0.001) and a higher probability of early rehabilitation (adjusted odds ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.09, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

We found that while dementia was associated with fewer opportunities for aggressive treatment, such as intravenous thrombolysis, it was also associated with increased opportunities to receive rehabilitation. It is necessary to examine the reasons why patients with dementia do not receive aggressive treatment and to establish a system that allows older adults with and without dementia to receive equal access to medical care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 270–274.
Invisible men: Short prison sentences and the pains of invisibility and insignificance
Authors: Cracknell Matt
Published: February 2023

Introduced as part of the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reforms, the Offender Rehabilitation Act (ORA) 2014 promised to offer resettlement support to individuals serving short sentences – a cohort which has long been neglected in penal policy and research discourse. Featuring the perspectives of 16 men serving a short sentence in England, this empirical work argues that there is a dissonance between the rhetoric of the additional support promised and the reality these individuals experienced. The pains literature is used to demonstrate how a perceived lack of institutional care and attention led respondents to feel invisible and insignificant. This caused service users to internalise a sense of reliance for their own resettlement. However, the ability to achieve this is predicated on possessing the necessary capital. Paradoxically the more an individual cycles around the revolving door of repeat short prison sentences, the more this capital becomes eroded, leading to the particular pain of burnout. The article concludes by advocating for a presumption against the use of short sentences in England and Wales.
Spontaneous remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A series of nine cases and a review of literature
Authors: Kirtek Timothy , Hamdan Hanan , Van Arnam John S. , Park Sunita , Kovach Alexandra E. , Pillai Vinodh , Weinberg Olga K.
Published: February 2023

Aims

To report a series of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases with spontaneous remission and provide presenting clinical and pathologic information and details of clinical course to raise awareness among oncologists and patients.

Methods

We identified and analyzed nine patients with ALL and spontaneous remission. Review of literature reveals an additional nine previously reported cases with similar clinical course.

Results

All of these patients, ranging in age from 2 to 12 years of age, presented with inciting signs and symptoms of viral or bacterial infection. All of the patients showed varying percentages of lymphoblasts (.2% to 90%) in diagnostic bone marrow biopsy. All B‐ALL cases shared a similar blast phenotype on flow cytometry with coexpression of CD19, CD10 and TdT and variable CD20 expression. All nine patients achieved spontaneous remission of their leukemia as confirmed by flow cytometry and/or bone marrow biopsy without chemotherapeutic intervention. Time to remission from presentation ranged from 1 to 8 weeks. After remission, all patients redeveloped ALL, and time from remission to reemergence ranged from 2 to 24 weeks.

Conclusion

Our series of cases and cases identified in literature show that ALL diagnosed with modern methods of flow cytometry and molecular analysis will recur within weeks to months from disappearance, usually with cytopenias, which provides a template for oncologic follow‐up and testing in these patients.
Factors associated with poor sleep quality in patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Chen‐Hui , Cheng Chieh (Sunny) , Yen Miaofen
Published: February 2023

Aims

To determine factors associated with poor sleep quality among patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease.

Design

This is a systematic review study guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statements and checklist.

Data Sources

Empirical evidence was sought in major electronic databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Airiti library from March to September 2022.

Review Methods

Studies investigating factors associated with poor sleep quality among adult patients with chronic kidney disease were included. Study participants who received renal replacement therapy and had sleep disorders and serious illnesses such as cancer were excluded. Of the 526 studies that resulted from the search after removing duplicate articles, 20 studies were assessed for quality by using Joanna Briggs Institute and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by two doctorial prepared nursing scientists.

Results

A total of 20 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in these studies ranged from 11% to 97.5%. Demographics (older age and female), physiological conditions (higher body mass index, higher hip circumferences, higher systolic blood pressure, poor cardiovascular function, dyspnoea, pain, cramps, itchiness or moderate to extreme pruritus, lower fasting plasma glucose, electrolyte imbalance, higher total cholesterol and gastrointestinal symptoms), depression, smoking, arousal‐related and cognitive arousal behaviours were associated with poor sleep quality.

Conclusion

Poor sleep quality was prevalent and influenced kidney function, increased mortality as well as decreased quality of life in patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease. This review synthesizes factors associated with poor sleep quality. Managing these factors can mitigate and prevent poor sleep quality.

Impact

Healthcare providers, especially nurses, can assess the risk factors of poor sleep quality and reinforce patients' self‐management. Future research should elucidate the assessment and management of risk factors and transfer these into widespread use in the routine care of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Classifying aneuploidy in genotype intensity data using deep learning
Authors: Bouwman Aniek C , Hulsegge Ina , Hawken Rachel J , Henshall John M , Veerkamp Roel F , Schokker Dirkjan , Kamphuis Claudia
Published: February 2023

Aneuploidy is the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes. Although it is a rare phenomenon in liveborn individuals, it is observed in livestock breeding populations. These breeding populations are often routinely genotyped and the genotype intensity data from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays can be exploited to identify aneuploidy cases. This identification is a time‐consuming and costly task, because it is often performed by visual inspection of the data per chromosome, usually done in plots of the intensity data by an expert. Therefore, we wanted to explore the feasibility of automated image classification to replace (part of) the visual detection procedure for any diploid species. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classification model based on chromosome level plots of SNP array intensity data that can classify the images into disomic, monosomic and trisomic cases. A multispecies dataset enriched for aneuploidy cases was collected containing genotype intensity data of 3321 disomic, 1759 monosomic and 164 trisomic chromosomes. The final CNN model had an accuracy of 99.9%, overall precision was 1, recall was 0.98 and the F1 score was 0.99 for classifying images from intensity data. The high precision assures that cases detected are most likely true cases, however, some trisomy cases may be missed (the recall of the class trisomic was 0.94). This supervised CNN model performed much better than an unsupervised k‐means clustering, which reached an accuracy of 0.73 and had especially difficult to classify trisomic cases correctly. The developed CNN classification model provides high accuracy to classify aneuploidy cases based on images of plotted X and Y genotype intensity values. The classification model can be used as a tool for routine screening in large diploid populations that are genotyped to get a better understanding of the incidence and inheritance, and in addition, avoid anomalies in breeding candidates.
Science maps for biogeography—The field's place within the sciences and its change over the past quarter century
Authors: Renner Susanne S. , Skov Flemming
Published: February 2023

Aim

The field of biogeography is often described as a hub between research disciplines. Here we apply science mapping to study how biogeography has changed and evolved between 1995 and April 2022, and to analyse the mix of disciplines used in this field. We explore how research foci have changed over time and if biogeographical topics have entered the public discourse.

Location

Local to global.

Taxon

All taxa.

Methods

We created a semantic map of the field based on co‐occurrences of keywords or composite keywords from 40,000+ scientific papers published between the 1970s and April 2022, structuring these data into three hierarchical sets. A fourth set of Top 100 researchers was constructed in September 2022. To address our public‐discourse question, we used the Factiva archive of global media.

Results

Five core journals contained 14,386 papers (or 35.7% of the full set), while the remaining papers appeared in 2247 journals of which 59% included only one or two biogeographical papers. Since 1995, frequencies of keywords related to core concerns of biogeography have remained stable or even decreased, while ‘computing’ and ‘climate change’ have increased. There is an increasing association with Mathematics & Statistics, Computer Sciences, and Planning & Management, and a decreased association with Physical Geography. Biogeography‐related terms increasingly appearing in the public discourse are ‘biodiversity’, ‘urban nature’, ‘conservation’, ‘extinction’ and ‘rewilding’, while more technical concepts, such as ‘ecoregions’, ‘macroecology’ and ‘island biogeography’ remain at very low rates.

Main Conclusions

Biogeographical research is moving towards the social sciences, probably linked to a growing concern over global environmental issues and the Anthropocene. It is difficult to disentangle to what extent the public discourse is influenced by biogeographical research or vice versa, but ‘rewilding’ and ‘extinction’ are examples of topics that began in basic ecological‐biogeographical research and are now debated publicly.
Identifying the potential origin of mucin in primary cutaneous mucinoses—A retrospective study and analysis using histopathology and multiplex fluorescence staining
Authors: Steinmann S. , Guillet C. , Cheng P. F. , Levesque M. P. , Dummer R. , Kolm I. , Maul J. T.
Published: February 2023

Background

Primary cutaneous mucinoses (PCM) are rare diseases characterized by dermal or follicular mucin deposits.

Objectives

A retrospective study characterizing PCM to compare dermal with follicular mucin to identify its potential origin on a single‐cell level.

Material and Methods

Patients diagnosed with PCM between 2010 and 2020 at our department were included in this study. Biopsy specimens were stained using conventional mucin stains (Alcian blue, PAS) and MUC1 immunohistochemical staining. Multiplex fluorescence staining (MFS) was used to investigate which cells were associated with MUC1 expression in select cases.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with PCM were included, 14 with follicular mucinosis (FM), 8 with reticular erythematous mucinosis, 2 with scleredema, 6 with pretibial myxedema and one patient with lichen myxedematosus. In all 31 specimens, mucin stained positive for Alcian blue and negative for PAS. In FM, mucin deposition was exclusively found in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. None of the other entities showed mucin deposits in follicular epithelial structures. Using MFS, all cases showed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, tissue histiocytes, fibroblasts and pan‐cytokeratin+ cells. These cells expressed MUC1 at different intensities. MUC1 expression in tissue histiocytes, fibroblasts, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and follicular epithelial cells of FM was significantly higher than the same cell types in the dermal mucinoses (p < 0.001). CD8+ T cells were significantly more involved in expression of MUC1 than all other analysed cell types in FM. This finding was also significant in comparison with dermal mucinoses.

Conclusion

Various cell types seem to contribute to mucin production in PCM. Using MFS, we showed that CD8+ T cells seem to be more involved in the production of mucin in FM than in dermal mucinoses, which could indicate that mucin in dermal and follicular epithelial mucinoses have different origins.
Optimal measure preserving derivatives revisited
Authors: Beare Brendan K.
Published: February 2023

This article clarifies the relationship between pricing kernel monotonicity and the existence of opportunities for stochastic arbitrage in a complete and frictionless market of derivative securities written on a market portfolio. The relationship depends on whether the payoff distribution of the market portfolio satisfies a technical condition called adequacy, meaning that it is atomless or is comprised of finitely many equally probable atoms. Under adequacy, pricing kernel nonmonotonicity is equivalent to the existence of a strong form of stochastic arbitrage involving distributional replication of the market portfolio at a lower price. If the adequacy condition is dropped then this equivalence no longer holds, but pricing kernel nonmonotonicity remains equivalent to the existence of a weaker form of stochastic arbitrage involving second‐order stochastic dominance of the market portfolio at a lower price. A generalization of the optimal measure preserving derivative is obtained, which achieves distributional replication at the minimum cost of all second‐order stochastically dominant securities under adequacy.
Thaxterogaster carneus (Cortinariaceae), a new species of Thaxterogaster sect. Vibratiles, from coniferous forests of Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Sajad , Reshi Zafar A. , Andrabi Khurshid I.
Published: February 2023

A new myxacoid species of Thaxterogaster sect. Vibratiles, Thaxterogaster carneus is described from the coniferous forests of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary in Kashmir Himalaya, India, based on morphological observations and molecular data of the nrDNA ITS and LSU regions. This species is morphologically distinguished from other species in section Vibratiles by the orange‐brown color of the pileus, the small spore size (X′ = 6.5 × 4 µm) with amygdaloid shape and verrucose ornamentation. The ITS sequence differed from other species by at least 13 substitutions and 10 indel positions, while the LSU sequence differed from other sequences at 12 positions by substitutions and indels. This is the first report of a species of Thaxterogaster sect. Vibratiles from the Indian subcontinent.
Tonoplast cytochrome b561 is a transmembrane ascorbate‐dependent monodehydroascorbate reductase: functional characterization of electron currents in plant vacuoles
Authors: Gradogna Antonella , Lagostena Laura , Beltrami Sara , Tosato Edoardo , Picco Cristiana , Scholz‐Starke Joachim , Sparla Francesca , Trost Paolo , Carpaneto Armando
Published: February 2023

Ascorbate (Asc) is a major redox buffer of plant cells, whose antioxidant activity depends on the ratio with its one‐electron oxidation product monodehydroascorbate (MDHA). The cytoplasm contains millimolar concentrations of Asc and soluble enzymes that can regenerate Asc from MDHA or fully oxidized dehydroascorbate. Also, vacuoles contain Asc, but no soluble Asc‐regenerating enzymes.

Here, we show that vacuoles isolated from Arabidopsis mesophyll cells contain a tonoplast electron transport system that works as a reversible, Asc‐dependent transmembrane MDHA oxidoreductase. Electron currents were measured by patch‐clamp on isolated vacuoles and found to depend on the availability of Asc (electron donor) and ferricyanide or MDHA (electron acceptors) on opposite sides of the tonoplast.

Electron currents were catalyzed by cytochrome b561 isoform A (CYB561A), a tonoplast redox protein with cytoplasmic and luminal Asc binding sites. The Km for Asc of the luminal (4.5 mM) and cytoplasmic site (51 mM) reflected the physiological Asc concentrations in these compartments. The maximal current amplitude was similar in both directions.

Mutant plants with impaired CYB561A expression showed no detectable trans‐tonoplast electron currents and strong accumulation of leaf anthocyanins under excessive illumination, suggesting a redox‐modulation exerted by CYB561A on the typical anthocyanin response to high‐light stress.
When is R&D beneficial for family firms? The concurrent roles of CSR and economic conditions
Authors: Hu Qilin , Hughes Paul , Hughes Mathew (Mat) , Chapman Gary , He Xinming
Published: February 2023

How family firms innovate has captivated scholars for over a decade. However, an investigation into the benefits of research and development (R&D) for family firm value under differing economic conditions has received little attention in the family firm innovation or R&D literature. This study examines the relationship between R&D intensity and firm value among listed family firms during the economic recession period of 2007–2010 and nonrecessionary periods (referred to as normal periods) in the US between 1995 and 2013. Based on behavioral agency theory, we evaluate the moderating effects of investments in inward‐looking and outward‐looking corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on this relationship. We hypothesize that R&D intensity is negatively related to family firm value during a recession period, but outward‐looking CSR positively moderates the relationship between the two. The opposite is hypothesized during normal periods. The results support the assertions that outward‐looking CSR can ease the negative impact brought about by R&D intensity on firm value during a recession period, while inward‐looking CSR investments surprisingly bear no effects. Important implications for research, family firm leaders, and R&D managers are discussed.
Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of gold mineralization in the Chifumbazi deposit of the Tete Province, Irumide Belt, Mozambique
Authors: Cossa Euclesia P. F. , Agangi Andrea , Takahashi Ryohei , Manalo Pearlyn , Imai Akira , Manjate Vicente
Published: February 2023

The Chifumbazi gold deposit is located in the Chifunde District, Tete Province, northwestern Mozambique. The geology of the study area is composed of the Proterozoic Mualadzi Group comprising ultramafic metavolcanic rocks, quartzite, biotite‐schist, Macanda Mafic Metavolcanics, conglomerate, and granitoid of the Furancungo Suite. The geological characteristics and metallogenesis of gold mineralization in the Tete Province are poorly understood. This study describes the gold mineralization and associated hydrothermal alteration in the Chifumbazi deposit on the basis of petrography, whole‐rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope analyses. The mineralization in the Chifumbazi deposit includes auriferous quartz, calcite, dolomite and ankerite quartz‐chlorite, and chlorite‐pyrite veins and veinlets as well as sulfide dissemination hosted by altered meta‐granodiorite along shear zones and fracture zones. On a larger scale, the mineralized veins and veinlets occur along a discordant fracture system within a Pan‐African shear zone. The meta‐granodiorite host‐rock of the mineralization consists mainly of plagioclase, biotite, actinolite, and quartz, and alteration minerals calcite, dolomite, sericite, and chlorite. The meta‐granodiorite is enriched in LREE compared to HREE and shows negative Eu anomalies. The mineralization in the Chifumbazi deposit formed through three hypogene mineralization stages (Stages I–III) and one supergene stage (Stage IV). Stage I comprises quartz, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and galena. Stage II comprises quartz, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and native gold. Stage III comprises chlorite and pyrite; and Stage IV comprises secondary minerals goethite, bornite and covellite. Bulk chemical analysis of ores detected gold contents up to 5 ppm for a quartz vein of Stage II, where visible native gold is present in pyrite. The δ34SCDT values of pyrite and chalcopyrite of the Stages I–III range from +0.9 to +2.4 ‰. On the basis of the geological setting, mineralogy, and sulfur isotope signatures, the Chifumbazi deposit can be classified as orogenic.
Insights into the systematics of Alluaudinella and allied Aethiopomyia and Ochromusca (Muscidae, Diptera)
Authors: Walczak Kinga , Pape Thomas , Ekanem Mfon , Szpila Krzysztof , Grzywacz Andrzej
Published: February 2023

The muscid genera Alluaudinella Giglio‐Tos, 1895, Aethiopomyia Malloch, 1921 and Ochromusca Malloch, 1927 form a monophyletic group supported by immature and adult morphology and a highly specialised snail‐feeding strategy of immature stages. In contrast to the undoubted monophyly of the Alluaudinella‐Aethiopomyia‐Ochromusca clade, previous studies have provided contradictory hypotheses of the subfamiliar position within the Muscidae, and these three genera have been placed in the subfamily Muscinae, Dichaetomyiinae, Phaoniinae and Reinwardtiinae. The systematic position of Alluaudinella, as a representative of Alluaudinella, Aethiopomyia and Ochromusca group, is revised by means of larval morphology, biology and molecular data. Light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to study the egg and all larval instars of Alluaudinella flavicornis (Macquart, 1855) and a multilocus Sanger sequencing (mS‐seq) approach to examine position within Muscidae. Results are inconsistent with the traditional, morphology‐based concept of the Alluaudinella‐Aethiopomyia‐Ochromusca clade as closely related to Dichaetomyia Malloch, 1921, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed no support for inclusion within subfamily Phaoniinae. Larval morphology in Alluaudinella differs significantly from that of Dichaetomyia (and other Phaoniinae), but resembles that of genera nested in Reinwardtiinae. Based on molecular data and larval morphology a transfer of Alluaudinella, Aethiopomyia and Ochromusca to the subfamily Reinwardtiinae is proposed.
Voluntary torque production is unaffected by changes in local thermal sensation during normothermia and hyperthermia
Authors: Gordon Ralph Joseph Frederick Hills , Tillin Neale Anthony , Diss Ceri Elen , Tyler Christopher James
Published: February 2023

This study investigated altered local head and neck thermal sensation on maximal and rapid torque production during voluntary contractions. Nine participants completed four visits in two environmental conditions: at rectal temperatures ∼39.5°C in hot (HOT; ∼50°C, ∼39% relative humidity) and ∼37°C in thermoneutral (NEU; ∼22°C, ∼46% relative humidity) conditions. Local thermal sensation was manipulated by heating in thermoneutral conditions and cooling in hot conditions. Evoked twitches and octets were delivered at rest. Maximum voluntary torque (MVT), normalised surface electromyography (EMG) and voluntary activation (VA) were assessed during brief maximal isometric voluntary contractions of the knee extensors. Rate of torque development (RTD) and EMG were measured during rapid voluntary contractions. MVT (P = 0.463) and RTD (P = 0.061) were similar between environmental conditions despite reduced VA (−6%; P = 0.047) and EMG at MVT (−31%; P = 0.019). EMG in the rapid voluntary contractions was also lower in HOT versus NEU during the initial 100 ms (−24%; P = 0.035) and 150 ms (−26%; P = 0.035). Evoked twitch (+70%; P < 0.001) and octet (+27%; P < 0.001) RTD during the initial 50 ms were greater in the HOT compared to NEU conditions, in addition to a faster relaxation rate of the muscle (−33%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, hyperthermia reduced neural drive without affecting voluntary torque, likely due to the compensatory effects of improved intrinsic contractile function and faster contraction and relaxation rates of the knee extensors. Changes in local thermal perception of the head and neck whilst hyperthermic or normothermic did not affect voluntary torque.
Embedded, Embodied, Enculturated, and Enabling Processes: The Identification and Evaluation of Sporting Talent by Ice Hockey Coaches in Norwegian Youth National Teams
Authors: Røsten Stian , Sæther Stig Arve , Aspvik Nils Petter , Bjørndal Christian Thue
Published: February 2023

Elite sports systems are characterized by structured attempts to identify, select, and develop talented athletes and to increase the likelihood that athletes will achieve future international success. Studies of such systems have focused mostly on the procedures and measures that are intended to improve talent identification, but less attention has been given to the crucial role of coaches. The aim of this case study is therefore to explore how coaches of Norwegian youth ice hockey national teams identify and evaluate sporting talent within these structured settings. The data were generated using nine semistructured interviews. These interviews included questions about how coaches identify talent and discussions about four hypothetical examples of ice hockey players, each with specific histories and skill sets. Building on recent developments in motor learning research, we contend that coaches identify and select talent using embodied (rather than entirely rational or cognitive) processes. These approaches are embedded in the ebb and flow of situated sports performances, and shaped by the broader and unique cultural settings in which they are situated. The results of this study show that talent identification and evaluation of sporting talent cannot, and should not, be separated from the subjectivities of the coaches themselves or from their individual preferences. The implications of this study for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Live Cell Imaging Reveals HBV Capsid Translocation from the Nucleus To the Cytoplasm Enabled by Cell Division
Authors: Romero Sofia , Unchwaniwala Nuruddin , Evans Edward L. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Loeb Daniel D. , Sherer Nathan M.
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped, reverse-transcribing DNA virus that is a major cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Subcellular trafficking events underpinning HBV capsid assembly and virion egress remain poorly characterized.
STLV-1 Commonly Targets Neurons in the Brain of Asymptomatic Non-Human Primates
Authors: Rocamonde Brenda , Alais Sandrine , Pelissier Rodolphe , Moulin Valerie , Rimbaud Brigitte , Lacoste Romain , Aurine Noemie , Baquerre Camille , Pain Bertrand , Tanaka Yuetsu , Mathieu Cyrille , Dutartre Hélène
Published: February 2023

The human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is responsible for an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (HAM/TSP) and multiple neurological alterations. The capacity of HTLV-1 to infect central nervous system (CNS) resident cells, together with the neuroimmune-driven response, has not been well-established.
Genome Sequence of the Endosymbiont
Endozoicomonas
sp. Strain GU-1 (
Gammaproteobacteria
), Isolated from the Staghorn Coral Acropora pulchra (Cnidaria: Scleractinia)
Authors: De la Vega Pablo , Shimpi Gaurav G. , Bentlage Bastian
Published: February 2023

Endozoicomonas
sp. strain GU-1 was isolated from two separate staghorn coral (
Acropora pulchra
) colonies collected in Guam, Micronesia. Both isolates were grown in marine broth prior to DNA extraction and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing. Genomes were approximately 6.1 Mbp in size, containing highly similar gene content and matching sets of rRNA sequences.
Limosilactobacillus fermentum Limits Candida glabrata Growth by Ergosterol Depletion
Authors: Zangl Isabella , Beyer Reinhard , Gattesco Arianna , Labuda Roman , Pap Ildiko-Julia , Strauss Joseph , Schüller Christoph
Published: February 2023

The yeast
Candida glabrata
, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, and the bacterium
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
both inhabit the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tract.
Lactobacillus
species, belonging to the healthy human microbiome, are thought to prevent
C. glabrata
infections. We investigated the antifungal effect of
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
on
C. glabrata
strains quantitively
in vitro
.
Synergy between Genome Mining, Metabolomics, and Bioinformatics Uncovers Antibacterial Chlorinated Carbazole Alkaloids and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster fromStreptomyces tubbatahanensissp. nov., a Novel Actinomycete Isolated from Sulu Sea, Philippines
Authors: Tenebro Chuckcris P. , Trono Dana Joanne V. L. , Balida Lex Aliko P. , Bayog Leah Katrine A. , Bruna Julyanna R. , Sabido Edna M. , Caspe Dion Paul C. , de Los Santos Emmanuel Lorenzo C. , Saludes Jonel P. , Dalisay Doralyn S.
Published: February 2023

Streptomyces tubbatahanensisDSD3025Tis a novel actinomycete with antibiotic and anticancer activities from Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Site in Sulu Sea and considered one of the Philippines’ oldest and most-well-protected marine ecosystems.In silicogenome mining tools were used to identify putative BGCs that led to the discovery of genes involved in the production of halogenated carbazole alkaloids and new natural products. By integrating bioinformatics-driven genome mining and metabolomics, we unearthed the hidden biosynthetic richness and mined the associated chemical entities from the novelStreptomycesspecies.
Cancer and autoimmune disease: A Cambrian couple?
Authors: Saul John M.
Published: February 2023

No abstract available
Discovery of Holocene ooid shoals in a siliciclastic delta, De Grey River, North West Shelf, Australia
Authors: Lebrec Ulysse , Lang Simon C. , Paumard Victorien , O’Leary Michael J. , Yokoyama Yusuke , Hacker Jorg , Webster Jody
Published: February 2023

Onshore and offshore site investigations along the dryland tide-dominated De Grey River delta (northwestern Australia) led to the unexpected discovery of the largest yet-known marine ooid shoals in the Indo-Pacific region. Ooids exhibit up to 60 tangential aragonitic laminae that were formed around fluvial sediment grains during the late Holocene. Covering an area >1250 km2, their spatial extent rivals in size individual ooid shoals from the Bahamas. Shoals appear to be spatially linked with the De Grey River, suggesting that fluvial outputs, combined with a macrotidal range, facilitated the precipitation of the ooids. Following their formation, ooids were reworked through tidal and wave processes along the delta. As a result, the delta sedimentary features, including beach ridges, mouth bars, and distributary channels, are composed of ooids.

This discovery broadens the range of depositional and climatic environments in which ooids can form and demonstrates that fluvial runoff may not inhibit aragonite precipitation. Such a configuration also provides a unique analogue for ancient ooids found in association with siliciclastic grains and further indicates that the interpretation of typical siliciclastic geomorphologies from geophysical data does not preclude the presence of carbonate grains.
Case for conservative management of adenoviral pseudomembranous conjunctivitis
Authors: Gilmour Kenneth McNair , Ramaesh Kanna
Published: February 2023

The clinical course of adenoviral pseudomembranous conjunctivitis is mostly self-limiting and requires only supportive management measures; however, a minority of patients may develop severe inflammation in response to the virus, which can present as subepithelial infiltrates and pseudomembranes. In its most severe form, symblepharon can result from the inflammatory response resulting in longer-term clinical sequelae. The optimal management of adenoviral pseudomembranous conjunctivitis is poorly defined and while debridement is commonly recommended, there is limited evidence base to support this practice. In this paper, we present two cases of PCR-proven adenoviral pseudomembranous conjunctivitis managed conservatively with topical lubricants and corticosteroids rather than debridement to good effect.
Thermodynamic and elastic properties of tungsten and tungsten silicide
Authors: Hoc Nguyen Quang , Dat Hua Xuan , Thanh Pham Trung
Published: February 2023

We present thermodynamic and elastic theory for BCC metal and binary interstitial alloy established by the statistical moment method (SMM) and perform numerical calculations for the silicon concentration, pressure and temperature dependences of nearest neighbor distance, volume, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacities at constant volume and at constant pressure, Debye temperature, Gruneisen parameter, isothermal elastic modulus, bulk modulus, shearing modulus, elastic constants and longitudinal wave velocity for W and WSi under temperature up to 3600 K, pressure up to 100 GPa and silicon atom concentration up to 5%. The SMM numerical calculations for W are compared with experiments and other calculations. The SMM calculated results for WSi are predictive, orienting experimental results in the future.
A Comparison of the Outcomes of Open Trigger Release versus Ultrasound-Guided Modified Small Needle-Knife Percutaneous Release for Treatment of Trigger Digits
Authors: LAN Xiaoyong , XIAO Lei , CHEN Baihua , XIONG Yipin , ZOU Lingfeng , LUO Jun
Published: February 2023

Background: The aim of this randomised prospective study is to compare the outcomes of traditional open trigger digit release versus ultrasound-guided modified small needle-knife (SNK) percutaneous release in the treatment of trigger digits.

Methods: Patients with grade 2 and above trigger digits were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to traditional open surgery (OS) or ultrasound-guided modified SNK percutaneous release group. The patients were followed up for 7, 30 and 180 days after treatment and data with regard to visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Quinnell grading (QG) was collected and compared between the two groups.

Results: A total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study with 30 in the OS group and 42 in the SNK group. VAS scores and QG of the two groups significantly decreased at 7 days and 30 days after treatment compared to before treatment, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was also no differences between the two groups at 180 days and between the values at 30 days and 180 days.

Conclusions: The outcomes of ultrasound-guided SNK percutaneous release is similar to traditional OS.

Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Treatment of Multiple Finger Laceration Caused by Green Onion Cutting Machines in South Korea
Authors: KIM Dong Hee , KONG Byeong Seon , JANG Hyo Seok , KWAK Sang Ho , PARK Tae Hyeon , LEE Sang Hyun
Published: February 2023

Background: Finger injuries caused by green onion cutting machines in Korean kitchens have unique characteristics of an incomplete amputation in which multiple parallel soft tissues and blood vessels are injured in the same form. In this study, we aimed to describe unique finger injuries and to report the treatment outcomes and experiences of performing possible soft tissue reconstructions.

Methods: This case series study included 65 patients (82 fingers) from December 2011 to December 2015. The mean age was 50.5 years. We retrospectively classified the presence of fractures and the degree of damage in patients. The injured area involvement level was categorised as distal, middle or proximal. The direction was categorised as sagittal, coronal, oblique or transverse. The treatment results were compared according to the amputation direction and injury area.

Results: Of the 65 patients, 35 had a partial finger necrosis and needed additional surgeries. Finger reconstructions were performed through stump revision or local or free flap use. The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with fractures. As for the injury area, distal involvement led to 17 out of 57 patients displaying necrosis and all 5 patients showing the same in proximal involvement.

Conclusions: Unique finger injuries caused by green onion cutting machines can easily be treated with simple sutures. Then prognosis is affected by the extent of injury and the presence of fractures. Reconstruction is necessary for finger necrosis owing to extensive blood vessel damage and limitations when making this selection.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Osteonecrosis of Trapezium Occurring in Patient with History of Recurrent Carpometacarpal Corticosteroid Injection
Authors: PIEN Irene , MUDGAL Chaitanya S.
Published: February 2023

Osteonecrosis affecting the carpal bones is rare and is mostly seen in the lunate (Kienböck’s disease). Osteonecrosis of the scaphoid (Preiser disease) is even rarer. There are only four individual case reports published on patients presenting with trapezium necrosis, none with previous history of corticosteroid injection. This case report is the first presentation of isolated trapezial necrosis in the setting of prior corticosteroid injection for thumb basilar arthritis.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)