bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ Practices of Input and Output Monitoring of Patients on Intravenous Fluid Therapy within Fako Division
Authors: VEA Eta , E.R Akong , N. Bassah , G Amahnui
Published: August 2024

Background: Alternative routes of fluid administration such as intravenous access can deliver fluids directly to the vascular system for hospitalised patients who might have a reason for not tolerating oral intake. Too much or too little fluid can have a negative impact on patient outcomes; hence, careful titration of fluid administered is required. Previous studies have shown that majority of fluid balance records were incorrectly calculated or poorly documented. Aim: To investigate nurses’ practices of input/output monitoring of patients on intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy in the medical and surgical wards in hospitals within Fako Division, Cameroon. Methods: This study employed a retrospective and cross sectional design, data was collected using a structured questionnaire to assess nurses’ knowledge of fluid input/output monitoring from May to June 2021. In addition, a checklist was used to conduct an audit of 671 patients’ files and 76 nurses took part in the study. Data was analysed with the aid of SPSS 25. A multi-linear regression analysis was done for knowledge and practices using demographic variables and factors affecting monitoring of patients to test relationships between categorical variables. All statistics were set at 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error. Results were presented using frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation to describe different characteristics. Results: 77.63% nurses’ could identify methods of assessing patients on IVF therapy. However, they lacked knowledge on laboratory indications of fluid overload (5.26%), fluid loss (1.32), symptoms of fluid gain (3.9%) and fluid depletion (2.26). Their overall practice was 128(19.08%). Factors affecting monitoring of patients on intravenous fluid therapy were mainly workload 55(72.4%) and lack of measuring equipment 46(60.5%). Conclusion: Nurses’ in the medical and surgical wards in Fako Division lacked knowledge in certain areas of patients’ assessment about input/output monitoring of patients on IVF therapy and their practices were generally unsatisfactory. Qualification had a significant impact on nurses’ practices (P<0.05).
From Tradition to Tech: An Ontological Journey in Igbo-African Culture
Authors: Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu Ignatius
Published: August 2024

This philosophical exploration examines the emergence of technology in the Igbo-African context. Drawing on philosophical literature and Igbo cultural practices, the paper explores how technology has been understood and used in Igbo society. It considers the role of culture, ethics, and values in shaping the development of technology and highlights the importance of a holistic approach to technology that takes into account the social and cultural context in which it is used. The paper argues that a deeper understanding of the Igbo worldview and philosophy can provide insights into the ethical and social implications of technology and offer a more balanced approach to technology development and implementation. Ultimately, the paper suggests that an engagement with African philosophical traditions can enrich global discussions about technology and contribute to a more diverse and inclusive technological landscape.
AI-Enhanced Digital Learning: Revolutionizing Middle East History Education
Authors: Bih Ni Lee
Published: August 2024

This abstract highlights the transformative impact of AI-enhanced digital learning on Middle East history education. By integrating artificial intelligence technologies into educational platforms, personalized learning experiences are offered, catering to diverse student needs and preferences. Through dynamic content delivery, interactive activities, and real-time feedback, learners engage more deeply with complex historical narratives, fostering critical thinking skills and a nuanced understanding of the region’s cultural, political, and social dynamics. This innovative approach not only enhances accessibility to historical knowledge but also revolutionizes traditional pedagogical methods, ushering in a new era of engaging and effective history education in the Middle East.
Revitalizing Historical Learning: Integrating Practical Methods in History Education Curriculum
Authors: Bih Ni Lee
Published: August 2024

This abstract proposes a paradigm shift in history education by advocating for the integration of practical methods into the curriculum. Recognizing the limitations of traditional classroom-based approaches, this research explores innovative techniques that immerse students in historical contexts, fostering deeper engagement and understanding. By incorporating hands-on experiences such as archival research, site visits, and reenactments, educators can create dynamic learning environments that stimulate critical thinking and empathy. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing historical literacy and cultivating a lifelong appreciation for the past among students. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses, it seeks to provide insights into best practices for revitalizing history education in the 21st century.
Teaching children to discriminate?
Authors: Kjeldgaard-Christiansen Jens , Boyd Zac , Hejná Míša
Published: August 2024

Rosina Lippi-Green’s (1997, 2012) classic quantitative study of linguistic representation in animated Disney films of the 20th century found these films to be discriminatory. Her main and most publicized finding was that characters who spoke varieties of American English tended to be morally good, while characters with a foreign accent were often evil and untrustworthy. Following a methodological discussion of Lippi-Green’s approach as it relates to our own, we investigate the degree to which her results also describe 273 characters from Disney’s successful “Revival Era,” starting with The Princess and the Frog (2009) and ending with Encanto (2021). We find, among other significant developments, that the foreign-accented characters in these more recent films are distinctively good. Also examined are other relationships between characters’ language, moral standing, gender, and age. Notably, female and younger characters tend to speak Standard American English, and they tend to be more moral than male and older characters. We end by discussing some possible causes of the main developments.
Yearning for a You
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda
Published: August 2024

In a troubled world, the launch of ChatGPT generated both cultural hopes and eschatological fears. It also reactivated the classic question of whether a “someone” is “at home” in the model, or why people act toward machines as if they are persons. This experimental essay reopens that question, arguing that the strong drive to establish “pan-relations” is not solely due to deceit; through relational expectancy, an I is yearning for a Thou in communication with the chatbot. This is shown in chatbot interactions among AI professionals who “believe” in the thrust of the model (and in AGI) pitted against first encounters among existential pundits who are more “doubtful”. Subjecting the model to an “existential test”, harnessing Jaspers’ definition of existential communication as containing risk and deferral, the article concludes that, because of what it lacks – a someone – it reminds us of what is of paramount importance in any vibrant future of human communication.
Danish university policies on generative AI
Authors: Driessens Olivier , Pischetola Magda
Published: August 2024

The sudden and meteoric rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) has raised fundamental concerns for universities. Using Bacchi’s methodology on ‘problematisation’, we analyse which concerns Danish universities have addressed through their policies and guidelines. We identify three key problematisations: assessment integrity, legality of data and veracity. While each of these problematisations involves specific limitations, together they also strongly emphasise symbolic and epistemological issues and consequently mostly ignore the materiality of genAI, for example, in terms of labour and energy use. Drawing on critical AI studies, this article argues that universities should also consider the huge planetarycosts that (gen)AI poses as well as the full range of AI’s exploitative business models and practices. Universities should integrate these considerations into both their decision-making on (not) using certain technologies and their policies and guidelines for research and teaching, just as sustainability is already a criterion in their travel or investment policies today.
The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as community-based knowledge brokers: A qualitative study with CSOs during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Authors: Purewal Simran , Smith Julia , Nicole Anne-Marie
Published: August 2024

Background: This study explored how civil society organizations in British Columbia, Canada, obtained, shared, and communicated multilingual COVID-19 information with people whose first language is not English. Aim: The aim was to examine civil society organizations’ role as community-based knowledge brokers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Commencing in December 2022, virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees from civil society organizations in British Columbia (N=15). Results: Civil society organizations played a crucial role in sharing multilingual information with people whose first language is not English. They amplified public health messages, addressed confusion concerning public health orders, and engaged with community members to better understand and address local needs. Discussion: Civil society organizations contributed to health communication efforts and succeeded in reaching populations overlooked by mainstream communication channels. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to reflect on the role of civil society organizations as community-based knowledge brokers that acted as intermediaries to support information-sharing from government public health communications to priority populations. Based on this study’s findings, we propose several recommendations to enhance equity-based preparedness, responses, and re­covery for health emergencies.
Cosmetic medical tourists’ use of online and offline experiential and procedural information resources in decision-making: Implications for digital health literacy and neoliberalism
Authors: Prasad Tushar , Forsyth Rowena
Published: August 2024

Background: When deciding to undergo aesthetic health procedures overseas, cosmetic medical tourists access various information resources to make informed decisions about locations, facilities, health providers and procedure(s). Aim: Existing research has investigated the different resources cosmetic tourists access in their decision-making process, however, there has yet to be an in-depth analysis of the significance of each information resource in this process. Methods: Interviews with Australian cosmetic tourists regarding how and why they decided to use specific information resources. Results: We found that cosmetic medical tourists simultaneously and repeatedly used four main information resources in their decision making – websites, existing social networks, online support communities and surgeon consultations. Discussion: We characterise these resources as offering both experiential and procedural information, both generalised (non-specific and available to everyone) and personalised (originating in individual experience or tailored to the individual) information and being located both online (internet-based) and offline (in-person). Successful accomplishment of the cosmetic medical tourist journey relies on engagement with most of these resources, highlighting the role of digital health literacy and the complexity of this decision-making process. Conclusions: This process has implications for understanding the practice of digital health literacy and identifiably positions cosmetic medical tourists as neoliberal individuals.
The UK NHS cervical screening information leaflet: discourse, purpose and potential for change
Authors: Tremblett Madeleine
Published: August 2024

Background: Cervical cancer screening prevents unnecessary deaths, yet rates of attendance have been dropping in the United Kingdom. Leaflets communicate screening information in invites to everyone eligible to attend. However, these information leaflets are known to be hard to understand and inaccessible. Aim: To understand how cervical screening is constructed in information leaflets and how this might impact engagement with screening programmes. Method: Discourse analysis of the current UK information leaflet, and a version redesigned with a public and patient involvement group. Result: The current leaflet uses discourses of neutrality and patient autonomy, with design akin to scientific texts. The redesigned leaflet presents a simplified, step-by-step guide to screening that aims to motivate and persuade readers. Discussion: The current information leaflet positions intended audiences as rational agents who have responsibility to make a choice to attend screening based on scientific information. The public’s redesign positions the state as responsible for simplifying and convincing people to attend screening. The disjuncture may be due to different underlying ideologies – neoliberalism versus ‘welfarism’. Conclusion: Shifting the current discourse to simplified and clearer language which emphasises choice in the process could help people make an informed decision to engage in screening.
Crisis negotiation techniques in interactional context: Managing a suicide threat in an emergency service call
Authors: Garcia Angela
Published: August 2024

Background: Previous research reveals that standard crisis negotiation techniques are useful in assisting suicidal persons, but how routine interactional procedures impact their implementation has not yet been sufficiently examined. Aim: This paper investigates how routine interactional procedures impact the effectiveness of crisis negotiation techniques in an emergency services call involving a suicide announcement. Methods: A publicly released emergency service call was transcribed and analyzed using the qualitative technique of conversation analysis. Results: The call taker used crisis negotiation techniques such as maximizing autonomy, displaying active listening, and distracting the caller to keep them on the phone. These techniques were implemented successfully through routine interactional procedures such as topic shifts, requests, and listener responses. Interrupting or overlapping the caller's speech or replacing requests with demands were less effective. Discussion: Instruction in the routine procedures of interaction may be as important as instruction in standard crisis negotiation techniques when training call takers to handle suicide announcement calls. Conclusions: Qualitative analysis of suicide announcement calls can be an effective means of learning how crisis negotiation techniques are used in practice and how emergency call takers can help prevent suicide by keeping callers on the phone and persuading them to abandon their suicidal plans.
Memilih bertahan: bias kognitif pada korban kekerasan dalam pacaran
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Reza , Putra Anhar Dana , Rahmanawati Ainin
Published: August 2024

Konflik yang tercipta dalam pacaran tidak selamanya dapat diatasi dengan baik, dalam beberapa kasus konflik kerap diatasi dengan agresi dan kekerasan, meskipun demikian masih terdapat individu yang memilih bertahan dalam hubungan walaupun sering mendapatkan tindak kekerasan oleh pasangannya, sehingga penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan seseorang bertahan dalam kekerasan pada hubungan pacaran, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif penelitian ini menempatkan lima partisipan perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan dalam berpacaran baik secara fisik, verbal, psikologis, dan seksual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bias kognitif pada keputusan partisipan ketika memilih bertahan dalam kekerasan pada hubungan pacaran yang dijalani. Lebih lanjut lagi, penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bias kognitif yang hadir pada partisipan, diantaranya; framing, emotional bias, illusion of control, loss of aversion dan regret of aversion, Khusus untuk framing hadir dan terkategorisasikan di semua partisipan penelitian.  Bias kognitif yang hadir di masing-masing partisipan membuat tindak kekerasan resisten serta berulang sehingga partisipan menjadi tidak berdaya dan terjebak dalam hubungan yang tidak sehat.
A inserção sociológica no problema da crise climática
Authors: Oliveira Manoela Hoffmann , Oliveira Anna Hoffmann
Published: August 2024

A crise climática enfrentada atualmente pela humanidade vem sendo considerada sem precedentes na história da civilização. Especialistas de distintas disciplinas, solicitados a trabalhar conjuntamente em busca de se evitar o colapso, encontram respaldo nas Ciências dos Sistema Terrestres (CST). O artigo objetiva discutir alguns aspectos do problema climático por suas origens sociais. No percurso metodológico, inicialmente abordou-se as linhas da Sociologia Ambiental para, a partir do exemplo da mudança no uso da terra, analisar criticamente a maneira como a sociologia contribui nas CST. Verificou-se que, a abordagem sociológica adotada tanto na Sociologia Ambiental como nas Ciências Naturais e Tecnológicas sobre as questões climáticas e sobre o uso e a mudança no uso da terra em particular, tendem a tergiversar, incorrendo ao mesmo tempo no perigo de favorecer a culpabilização da população, seja pelo mero aumento dela, pela falta de práticas sustentáveis de manejo do solo, ou pelo consumo equivocado. Consequentemente, o foco recai na adaptação e na mitigação, isto é, nas reformas, enquanto a questão fundamental das relações de propriedade, a relação entre capital e trabalho, a produção e o poder que promovem, em última instância, a destruição ambiental global, ficam totalmente fora do debate climático. Assim, o enfrentamento das questões ambientais contemporâneas pela Sociologia integrada às CST, seria beneficiado com o suporte da ciência sociofísica a qual, para além da mitigação direta e políticas adaptativas, é capaz de articular a combinação dos pensamentos crítico e quantitativo unindo, respectivamente, as Ciências Sociais e Naturais.
Precision Cultivation of Vegetable Crops to Increase Productivity: A Review
Authors: Chaudhari V. M. , Barot D. C. , Patel R. J. , Masaye S. S.
Published: August 2024

Precision cultivation is an innovative agricultural approach that leverages advanced technologies and data-driven methodologies to enhance the productivity and sustainability of vegetable crops. The precision agriculture techniques, including remote sensing, soil moisture sensors, GPS-guided machinery and data analytics which use to optimize various aspects of vegetable farming. These technologies facilitate informed decision-making regarding planting schedules, irrigation management, fertilization strategies and pest control which leading to improved crop yields and resource efficiency. Precision cultivation offers the potential for reduced environmental impact by minimizing chemical inputs and maximizing land use efficiency. Case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of precision practices across diverse climatic and geographical contexts which highlighting significant increases in productivity and quality of vegetable crops. The findings suggest that embracing precision cultivation not only addresses the challenges of food security but also contributes to sustainable agricultural practices that align with global environmental goals. Future research directions and technological advancements will be essential to further refine these methods and expand their applicability to diverse vegetable crops and farming systems.
Evaluation of Anthelmintic and Neuropharmacological Activities of the leaves of Chassalia
Authors: Farabe Al , Ovi Anamul Haque , Rakib Md. Mohiuddin Rahaman , Saha Joy , Khan Rakib
Published: August 2024

Chassalia curviflora belongs to the family Rubiaceae has been documented for its anticancer, anthelmintic & neuropharmacological effects. This study was performed to gauge the anticancer, anthelmintic and neuropharmacological activities of the methanolic extract from the leaves of Chassalia curviflora (MECC). Anthelmintic activity was investigated using earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) and fresh leaf juice of the plant. Anticancer test was done using cell viability assay. During anticancer test in the concentration of 1000µg/mL the percent of inhibition was 29.16%. In anthelmintic activity, the time of paralysis for fresh leaf juice was begin from 8 min 19 s and end to 38 min 21 s while the time for tested drug Albendazole was started from 9 min 19 s and end to 46 min 52 s. Besides, the time of death start from 10 min 35 s and end to 63 min 19 s for leaf juice and for Albendazole the time of death start from 22 min 36 s and end to 75 min 3 s respectively at several doses which suggest considerable anthelmintic activity of the plant. Neuropharmacological activity was performed by hole cross and light/dark box tests at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice contrast to the test drug Diazepam (2mg/kg). The extract significantly decreases the locomotor activity as shown by the results of hole cross test which indicate significant antidepressant property. The results also matching the activity in light/dark box test. Thus, the obtained results in the research work provide a support for the utilization of this plant for medicinal purposes and encourage further investigations for more fruitful results.
Role of Agricultural Extension in Addressing Food Security
Authors: Ranjan Amandeep , Gosh Bhaskar , Barman Bikram , Quader Sk Wasaful , P.N Fatheen Abrar , Tiwari Saurabh , Saurav Subhash Kumar , Bishnoi Suresh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Agricultural extension services play a pivotal role in global efforts to achieve food security, acting as a critical link between research, farmers, and policymakers. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted contributions of agricultural extension to food security goals, drawing on theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and case studies from diverse global contexts. This paper explores how extension services address the four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. It analyses the evolution of extension models, from traditional top-down approaches to participatory and market-led systems, assessing their relative effectiveness in enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. This review paper highlights innovative practices, including the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT), community-based approaches, and public-private partnerships, which have shown promise in overcoming persistent challenges. The case studies from both developed and developing countries provide insights into successful strategies and their impacts on crop yields, farmer incomes, and nutritional outcomes. This paper also addresses critical challenges facing extension services, including financial constraints, technological barriers, and socio-cultural issues, proposing potential solutions and policy recommendations. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this review underscores the indispensable role of agricultural extension in achieving global food security goals and emphasizes the need for continued innovation and adaptation in extension practices to meet evolving challenges in the agricultural sector.
Innovative Approaches for Climate-Resilient Farming: Strategies against Environmental Shifts and Climate Change
Authors: Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Borah Santanu Kaushik , Dutta Niharika , Sultana Nazmin , Nath Hrishikesh , Das Bikash Chandra
Published: August 2024

Climate change, driven predominantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, is causing significant alterations to global weather patterns. This phenomenon results in more frequent and severe weather events, including prolonged droughts, intense rainfall, and shifting temperature regimes. Such changes pose a substantial threat to agriculture, a sector highly dependent on stable climatic conditions. Crop yields are increasingly unpredictable due to these extreme weather events and shifting growing seasons, impacting food security and livelihoods worldwide. To address these challenges, climate resilience agriculture has emerged as a pivotal solution. This approach involves adopting farming practices and technologies designed to withstand and adapt to changing climatic conditions. Strategies include diversifying crop varieties, precision agriculture, climate smart agriculture, nano biochar application, coated fertilizer applications, natural farming, site specific nutrient management, mulching, precise water management, seed bombing, direct seeding in rice, implementing soil conservation methods etc. Additionally, climate resilience agriculture promotes the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific advancements to enhance ecosystem robustness and productivity. By fostering adaptive capacity and reducing vulnerability, climate resilience agriculture aims to safeguard food systems and sustain agricultural productivity in the face of ongoing climate disruptions.
Microbial Load and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Microflora Isolated from Smoked Catfish and Mackerel Sold in Ghanaian Markets: A Potential Health Threat
Authors: Amoah Bright Darko , Mensah Albert , Darko Lydia , Abugre Eugene Kwame , Asoandzie Doreen Ntsiakoa , Opoku-Gyebi Francis , Aggrey Eric , Opoku Dominic , Emmanuel Appiah , Gordor Bless Yao , Afful Priscilla
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Smoked fish, particularly catfish and mackerel, plays a vital role in the Ghanaian diet, serving as a rich source of protein and essential nutrients. Smoking is a traditional preservation method widely used to extend the shelf life of fish, enhance flavor, and make it more palatable. However, despite the advantages of smoking, the process does not entirely eliminate the risk of microbial contamination, which can have significant health implications.
Aim of Study: This study examined the microbial flora contamination of the smoked fish sold in Ghanaian markets.
Methodology: The research was conducted in three markets: Kejetia Market, Ejura Market and Ejusu. A total of 75 different smoke-dried fish including Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) and Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from the markets. The fish samples were collected and kept in sterile polythene bags and transported to the laboratory for microbial analysis.
Result: The study revealed that out of 75 samples analyzed, approximately 23% (n=17) were found to be contaminated with microorganisms. Escherichia coli had the highest occurrence, detected in 35.2% (6/17) of the total samples. Additionally, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella arizonae were each found in 17.6% (3/17) of the total samples. Klebsiella oxytoca was 11.7% (2/17), and Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptobacillus monilliforms, and Fusobacterium necrophorus each constituted 5.8% (1/17) of the total samples. All the identified isolates were susceptible to gentamycin (100%), and all the isolates were resistant to lincomycin (100%). Overall resistance rates for each antibiotic for all the organisms identified are lincomycin (100%), penicillin (67%), ampicillin (81%), erythromycin (65%), tetracycline (63%), neomycin (61%), cloxaxillin (43%), kanamycin (24%), and sulphamethaxole (13%). All the isolates have 100% resistance to at least three antibiotics used except for Salmonella arizonae.
Conclusion: To Address these findings, a collaborative effort is required among regulatory authorities, food producers, and healthcare providers to implement stringent food safety protocols and mitigate the risks associated with contaminated fish consumption.
Zoonoses in the Indian Poultry Sector and Prospect of One Health Approach as a Sustainable Solution: A Review
Authors: Sharma Shivam Kumar , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Mehrotra Varda
Published: August 2024

The Indian poultry sector has witnessed noticeable amplification in recent years. Still, it has also been plagued by the emergence of zoonotic diseases, posing significant threats to public health, food security, and the economy. This abstract explores the alarming rise of zoonotic diseases in the Indian poultry industry and highlights the urgent need for a One Health approach to address emerging challenges. The One Health framework, which emphasizes the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health, holds promise as a sustainable solution to mitigate zoonotic epidemics in the poultry sector. This study reviews the challenges, potential benefits, and key considerations associated with implementing the One Health approach in India, emphasizing its role in preventing and controlling zoonotic outbreaks in poultry birds, improving bird welfare, and fostering sustainable operation in the poultry industry thereby securing human and environmental health and well-being. It underscores the importance of collaboration among various stakeholders, including government agencies, veterinary and medical professionals, and the poultry industry, to promote a holistic and resilient approach to zoonoses management.
Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Studies for Fibre Quality Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Patel Ashita , Chaudhari K. N. , Fladu G. O. , Patel Sanyam , Mahla J. S. , Prajapati M. R. , Patel G. M. , Patel Harshita R. , Patel D. P.
Published: August 2024

Cotton hybrids have its own advantage than varieties in yield and fibre properties. Heterosis breeding helps in identifying F1 hybrids and in creating variability. The chief intention of any hybridization programme is to combine all the desirable genes present in two or more parents into a single genetic background. This investigation helped in identifying the extent of heterosis in crosses among four families in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) which was conducted at college Farm during kharif 2021-23. The all 4 hybrids were derived by generation mean analysis study which were analysed for fibre quality traits in a Compact Family Block Design. For traits like Ginning percentage, uniformity index, Upper Half Mean Length, Lint index, and Fibre strength, most of the crosses showed positive and significant relative heterosis. While, heterobeltiosis was also found positive and significant for ginning percentage, uniformity index, Upper half mean length and fibre strength for most of the crosses under study. Most of the crosses under study also showed little inbreeding depression for traits like ginning percentage, uniformity index and fibre strength. Thus, by exploiting the benefits of heterosis while mitigating risks associated with inbreeding depression may lead to the development of superior hybrid varieties with consistently improved fibre quality.
Awareness of Plant-based Dairy Alternatives Among the College Students of Anand City, India
Authors: Patel Meet , Makwana A.K. , Gurjar M.D. , Kamani K.C. , Prajapati M.C.
Published: August 2024

This study examines the level of awareness of plant-based dairy alternatives among college students in Anand City. With growing concerns over health, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare, plant-based alternatives to traditional dairy products have gained significant attention. Statistical analysis revealed varying degrees of awareness among respondents, influenced by factors such as dietary preferences, health consciousness, and environmental concerns. A primary survey was carried out with several questions covering general knowledge about " Plant-based Dairy Alternative " items. Available data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Overall, the survey results showed that respondents understood what Plant-based Dairy Alternative were and the majority of them got aware of social media.
Karnataka and India’s Silk Industry: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sericulture Dynamics
Authors: Rebasiddanavar Revappa M. , Relekar Swati Prakash , Allahham Nour , Purada Sushma
Published: August 2024

India is the second largest producer of silk with 36,453 MT (2022-23) after China and also the largest consumer of silk in the world. Asia is the main producer of silk in the world and produces over 95 per cent of the total global output. In India, mulberry silk is produced mainly in the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and West Bengal, while the non-mulberry silks are produced in Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa and North-Eastern states. Much of silk exports earnings is from silk garments, silk carpets and silk wastes, which is about 1,773.38 crore Rs. in total in 2022–23. Mulberry is the largest contributor to the total raw silk production with the compound annual growth rate of 3.09 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance. Tasar silk production registered highest growth rate of 13.67 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance and Jharkhand is the major contributor of about 80 per cent for the total tasar silk production. Karnataka is the leading producer of mulberry silk whereas Assam is currently the largest producer of Vanya silk. Telangana registered a highest compound annual growth rate of 21.1 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance followed by Maharashtra (16.9%). Ramanagara is having highest area under mulberry (20804.56 hectares) followed by Chikkaballapura (20544.62 hectares) and Kolar (19907.79 hectares) in Karnataka.
A Study on the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices among Farmer Members of Farmer Producer Companies in Different Agroclimatic Regions of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: P Jaisridhar. , M Senthilkumar. , K Ananthi. , S Abirami. , J Maria Vinita. , B.M Pooja.
Published: August 2024

Aims: To investigate the factors influencing the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) among farmer members of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in Tamil Nadu, focusing on compliance and awareness levels across various GAP components.
Study Design: This study utilized a cross-sectional survey to assess the compliance, awareness level among various GAP components across different agro-climatic regions of Tamil Nadu.
Place and Duration of Study:The study was conducted across 32 districts of Tamil Nadu, India, encompassing 357 FPCs, and was carried out over a period of six months.
Methodology: A total of 160 farmers, selected randomly from the surveyed FPCs, participated in the study. Data were gathered through structured interviews, focusing on their awareness and implementation of GAPs, including water quality management, soil health management, field cleanliness, and hygienic facilities. The survey also examined the challenges faced by farmers in adopting GAPs, such as high production costs, residue testing, and certification issues.
Results: The findings revealed that 90% of the participants were aware of GAPs, but only 47% practiced water quality management, and 55% adhered to soil health management. Compliance was higher for field cleanliness (71%) and hygienic facilities (73%). Major barriers identified included high production costs (67%) and difficulties with residue testing and certification (68%). Awareness of potential contamination sources was low, with only 41% and 51% recognizing soil and water contamination, respectively. Cold storage awareness was particularly low at 26%.
Conclusion: The study thereby recommends the need to address the identified barriers to help promote sustainable farming practices and ensure broader adoption of GAPs across the region thereby contributing to agricultural development in Tamil Nadu.
Nucleolus
Authors: Shaw Peter J
Published: November 2015

The nucleolus is a nuclear substructure where the genes for three of the four ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs) are transcribed and where ribosomal subunits are assembled. Although the nucleolus has been intensively studied for many years, recent progress has been very rapid. We are beginning to understand how the biochemical processes carried out in the nucleolus relate to the observable structure. Recent observations of nucleolar proteins in living cells have shown that the nucleolus and its components are highly dynamic and that the observed structure is a steady state resulting from the relative nucleolar residence times of the various molecular components. There is much evidence that the nucleolus is also involved in many other roles, particularly in the biogenesis ofRNA(ribonucleic acid)‐containing complexes, in stress sensing and in the control of cellular activity and proliferation. There is considerable current interest in the nucleolus and ribosome biogenesis as targets for cancer therapy.

Key Concepts

The nucleolus is the clearest subnuclear structure in most eukaryotic cells and is the site of rDNA transcription and ribosome biosynthesis.

Most nucleoli show three types of substructural components in standard thin section transmission electron microscopy: fibrillar centres (FC), dense fibrillar component (DFC) and granular component (GC).

The interpretation of nucleolar ultrastructure in functional terms is still not fully understood, but rDNA transcription occurs within the DFC, and the subsequent stages of rRNA processing occur vectorially in enveloping layers as the transcripts move away from the transcription sites.

Nucleoli share factors and, possibly, processes with other subnuclear structures, particularly Cajal bodies.

Most nucleolar proteins are highly dynamic and diffuse freely through the nucleolus and nucleoplasm; ‘nucleolar’ proteins have a longer residence time in the nucleolus than in other parts of the nucleus, but these nucleolar residence times are in some cases as short as a few tens of seconds.

The nucleolus is involved in many other nonconventional activities such as biogenesis of other RNP complexes, mRNA surveillance, and control of cell proliferation.

The nucleolus is involved in stress sensing and has roles in triggering the p53 DNA damage response pathways.
A
cantharia
Authors: Decelle Johan , Not Fabrice
Published: November 2015

Acantharia are marine planktonic unicellular eukaryotes within the Radiolaria and currently encompass nearly 50 genera and 150 species. They are distributed worldwide from subsurface to deep waters and appear to be most numerous in oligotrophic surface waters. Their main distinctive features are an internal star‐shaped skeleton made of strontium sulfate mineral and an amoeboid cell that possesses multiple nuclei, extensive axopods and contractile myonemes. Acantharia feed on a large variety of prey, but some species are mixotrophs through symbiosis with intracellular eukaryotic microalgae, typically the haptophyte
Phaeocystis
. As part of their life cycle, some taxonomic groups form heavy cysts that rapidly sink to deep waters creating a biogeochemically relevant vertical flux of carbon, strontium and barium. Overall, Acantharia remain poorly studied, and our knowledge of their biology and ecology is still in its infancy.

Key Concepts

Acantharia are marine skeleton‐bearing planktonic protists that form a monophyletic taxon among radiolarians within the super‐group Rhizaria.

Acantharia have a complex cellular organisation (e.g. presence of myonemes and axopods) and exhibit an internal skeleton made of strontium sulfate (celestite), enriched in barium and composed of spicules that follow a specific geometric pattern (i.e. Müller's law).

There are nearly 50 genera and 150 species, distributed in several suborders, and most taxonomic criteria are based on skeleton morphology (e.g. central junction, form and shape of spicules).

Acantharia are ubiquitous in the world's oceans, and particularly abundant in surface oligotrophic waters at tropical and subtropical latitudes, but remain largely overlooked due to rapid skeleton dissolution upon cell death and inappropriate sampling methods.

Acantharia are primarily grazers with the use of their axopods, but several species are actually mixotrophs as they host intracellular symbiotic microalgae, making them significant primary consumers and producers in pelagic ecosystems.

Some acantharian species undergo encystment that is part of the reproduction process in deep waters, creating a biogeochemically significant vertical flux of carbon, nitrogen and strontium in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones.
Cholesterol Metabolism and Vascular Disease
Authors: Wainwright Patrick , Ryan Aidan , Olufadi Rasaq , Byrne Christopher D
Published: November 2015

Cholesterol is packaged into lipoprotein particles in the liver and intestine and transported to peripheral tissues for normal cellular function. Reverse cholesterol transport is the mechanism by which excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver and is facilitated by high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). Increased plasma concentrations of cholesterol within the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) molecule contribute to atherosclerotic vascular disease that commonly affects the coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular circulation.

There is now strong evidence to support the use of the statin class of drugs to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Statins inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis, increase hepatic low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) receptor expression and consequently decrease plasma LDLc, to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in people at widely varying risk of heart disease. At present, there is limited evidence to support the use of alternative classes of lipid‐lowering medications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials are currently ongoing to assess the safety and efficacy of new types of medications to treat dyslipidaemias, the most promising of which are targeted against proprotein convertase subtilysin kexin 9 (PCSK9).

Key Concepts

Endogenous and exogenous lipid pathways exist within the body.

There are both inherited and acquired forms of hypercholesterolaemia.

Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) is associated with the development of coronary heart disease.

Disordered lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease.

There is much clinical trial evidence now showing the effectiveness of certain classes of lipid‐lowering medication in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Amyloid State of Proteins in Human Disease
Authors: Huang Lianqi , Huang Kun
Published: November 2015

Over 30 human amyloidoses, such as prion disease, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are characterised with the formation of amyloid plagues. Amyloid plagues are the products of protein aggregation, which begins with soluble amyloidogenic proteins into insoluble amyloid fibrils. Mounting evidences suggest that those aggregation processes are noxious to cells, during which the formation of oligomers is believed to be the most toxic species.
In vivo
, it has been proven that physiological factors have taken part in self‐defence line to reverse or alleviate the damages originated from aggregates. Moreover, therapeutic strategies targeting amyloid formation are also promising to alleviate human amyloidosis. In the present article, amyloid formation pathways, possible damages originated from different species of aggregates, physiological factors involved in self‐defence and therapeutic strategies targeting amyloid formation are summarised.

Key Concepts

The aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins plays critical roles in over 30 amyloidoses

Misfolded monomers, oligomers and fibrils are major species at different stages of aggregation

Oligomers are believed to be the most toxic species both
in vivo
and
in vitro

Physiological regulations against amyloid aggregations exist in healthy individuals

Targeting aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins at different stage could be a potential therapeutic approach to resolve amyloidosis
Metallic Architectures from 3D‐Printed Powder‐Based Liquid Inks
Authors: Jakus Adam E. , Taylor Shannon L. , Geisendorfer Nicholas R. , Dunand David C. , Shah Ramille N.
Published: November 2015

A new method for complex metallic architecture fabrication is presented, through synthesis and 3D‐printing of a new class of 3D‐inks into green‐body structures followed by thermochemical transformation into sintered metallic counterparts. Small and large volumes of metal‐oxide, metal, and metal compound 3D‐printable inks are synthesized through simple mixing of solvent, powder, and the biomedical elastomer, polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA). These inks can be 3D‐printed under ambient conditions via simple extrusion at speeds upwards of 150 mm s–1 into millimeter‐ and centimeter‐scale thin, thick, high aspect ratio, hollow and enclosed, and multi‐material architectures. The resulting 3D‐printed green‐bodies can be handled immediately, are remarkably robust, and may be further manipulated prior to metallic transformation. Green‐bodies are transformed into metallic counterparts without warping or cracking through reduction and sintering in a H2 atmosphere at elevated temperatures. It is shown that primary metal and binary alloy structures can be created from inks comprised of single and mixed oxide powders, and the versatility of the process is illustrated through its extension to more than two dozen additional metal‐based materials. A potential application of this new system is briefly demonstrated through cyclic reduction and oxidation of 3D‐printed iron oxide constructs, which remain intact through numerous redox cycles.
Tailoring Orbital Angular Momentum of Light in the Visible Domain with Metallic Metasurfaces
Authors: Hakobyan Davit , Magallanes Hernando , Seniutinas Gediminas , Juodkazis Saulius , Brasselet Etienne
Published: November 2015

Submicron‐thick gold films endowed with subwavelength patterning allow on‐demand topological shaping of light, hence the precise delivery of optical orbital angular momentum. Several kinds of metallic metasurfaces enabling the generation of optical vortices with arbitrary topological charges in the visible domain are fabricated following a design based on space‐variant subwavelength grating with discrete orientational distribution. The optical performances of obtained flat spin–orbit optical elements designed to operate at 532 nm wavelength are experimentally assessed and satisfactorily compared to expectations. About 80% of optical vortex generation purity for predetermined topological charge up to is achieved. Other designs that allow continuous orientational distribution of nanogratings as well as the superposition of orbital angular momentum states are also proposed.
Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles on Nanodiamond–Graphene Core–Shell Supports for CO Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Liu Hongyang , Huang Xing , Sun Xueping , Jiang Zheng , Schlögl Robert , Su Dangsheng
Published: November 2015

Nanodiamond–graphene core–shell materials have several unique properties compared with purely sp2‐bonded nanocarbons and perform remarkably well as metal‐free catalysts. In this work, we report that palladium nanoparticles supported on nanodiamond–graphene core–shell materials (Pd/ND@G) exhibit superior catalytic activity in CO oxidation compared to Pd NPs supported on an sp2‐bonded onion‐like carbon (Pd/OLC) material. Characterization revealed that the Pd NPs in Pd/ND@G have a special morphology with reduced crystallinity and are more stable towards sintering at high temperature than the Pd NPs in Pd/OLC. The electronic structure of Pd is changed in Pd/ND@G, resulting in weak CO chemisorption on the Pd NPs. Our work indicates that strong metal–support interactions can be achieved on a non‐reducible support, as exemplified for nanocarbon, by carefully tuning the surface structure of the support, thus providing a good example for designing a high‐performance nanostructured catalyst.