bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A cycle byproducts explain retinal damage and molecular changes thought to initiate retinal degeneration
Authors: Zhang Dan , Mihai Doina M. , Washington Ilyas
Published: November 2021

In the most prevalent retinal diseases, including Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), byproducts of vitamin A form in the retina abnormally during the vitamin A cycle. Despite evidence of their toxicity, whether these vitamin A cycle byproducts contribute to retinal disease, are symptoms, beneficial, or benign has been debated. We delivered a representative vitamin A byproduct, A2E, to the rat's retina and monitored electrophysiological, histological, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. We show that the vitamin A cycle byproduct is sufficient alone to damage the RPE, photoreceptor inner and outer segments, and the outer plexiform layer, cause the formation of sub-retinal debris, alter transcription and protein synthesis, and diminish retinal function. The presented data are consistent with the theory that the formation of vitamin A byproducts during the vitamin A cycle is neither benign nor beneficial but may be sufficient alone to cause the most prevalent forms of retinal disease. Retarding the formation of vitamin A byproducts could potentially address the root cause of several retinal diseases to eliminate the threat of irreversible blindness for millions of people.
Brain transcriptomes of zebrafish and mouse Alzheimer's disease knock-in models imply early disrupted energy metabolism
Authors: Barthelson Karissa , Newman Morgan , Lardelli Michael
Published: November 2021

Energy production is the most fundamentally important cellular activity supporting all other functions, particularly in highly active organs, such as brains. Here, we summarise transcriptome analyses of young adult (pre-disease) brains from a collection of 11 early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD)-like and non-EOFAD-like mutations in three zebrafish genes. The one cellular activity consistently predicted as affected by only the EOFAD-like mutations is oxidative phosphorylation, which produces most of the energy of the brain. All the mutations were predicted to affect protein synthesis. We extended our analysis to knock-in mouse models of APOE alleles and found the same effect for the late onset Alzheimer's disease risk allele ε4. Our results support a common molecular basis for the initiation of the pathological processes leading to both early and late onset forms of Alzheimer's disease, and illustrate the utility of zebrafish and knock-in single EOFAD mutation models for understanding the causes of this disease.
Vangl2–environment interaction causes severe neural tube defects, without abnormal neuroepithelial convergent extension
Authors: Nychyk Oleksandr , Galea Gabriel L. , Molè Matteo , Savery Dawn , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Stanier Philip , Copp Andrew J.
Published: November 2021

Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling is vital for initiation of mouse neurulation, with diminished convergent extension (CE) cell movements leading to craniorachischisis, a severe neural tube defect (NTD). Some humans with NTDs also have PCP gene mutations but these are heterozygous, not homozygous as in mice. Other genetic or environmental factors may interact with partial loss of PCP function in human NTDs. We found that reduced sulfation of glycosaminoglycans interacts with heterozygosity for the Lp allele of Vangl2 (a core PCP gene), to cause craniorachischisis in cultured mouse embryos, with rescue by exogenous sulphate. We hypothesized that this glycosaminoglycan–PCP interaction may regulate CE, but, surprisingly, DiO labelling of the embryonic node demonstrates no abnormality of midline axial extension in sulfation-depleted Lp/+ embryos. Positive-control Lp/Lp embryos show severe CE defects. Abnormalities were detected in the size and shape of somites that flank the closing neural tube in sulfation-depleted Lp/+ embryos. We conclude that failure of closure initiation can arise by a mechanism other than faulty neuroepithelial CE, with possible involvement of matrix-mediated somite expansion, adjacent to the closing neural tube.
Cofilin regulates actin network homeostasis and microvilli length in mouse oocytes
Authors: Bourdais Anne , Dehapiot Benoit , Halet Guillaume
Published: November 2021

How multiple actin networks coexist in a common cytoplasm while competing for a shared pool of monomers is still an ongoing question. This is exemplified by meiotic maturation in the mouse oocyte, which relies on the dynamic remodeling of distinct cortical and cytoplasmic F-actin networks. Here, we show that the conserved actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin is activated in a switch-like manner upon meiosis resumption from prophase arrest. Interfering with cofilin activation during maturation resulted in widespread elongation of microvilli, while cytoplasmic F-actin was depleted, leading to defects in spindle migration and polar body extrusion. In contrast, cofilin inactivation in metaphase II-arrested oocytes resulted in a shutdown of F-actin dynamics, along with a dramatic overgrowth of the polarized actin cap. However, inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex to promote actin cap disassembly elicited ectopic microvilli outgrowth in the polarized cortex. These data establish cofilin as a key player in actin network homeostasis in oocytes and reveal that microvilli can act as a sink for monomers upon disassembly of a competing network.
Muonium Addition to the Radicalic Carbon in 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Akama Hikaru , Ueta Yasuhiro , McKenzie Iain , Kojima Kenji M
Published: November 2021

When a crystalline 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl bearing a 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-triazine substituent was irradiated with muon beam, two paramagnetic species showing muon hyperfine coupling constants (hfcs) of 4.5 MHz and 6.5 MHz were produced via addition of muonium. These observed paramagnetic species are consistent with the cis and trans isomers of the C-muoniated 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl.
Reductive Coupling of Isatins with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds by Low-Valent Titanium
Authors: Kise Naoki , Mitsui Yuki , Sakurai Toshihiko
Published: November 2021

The reductive coupling of isatins with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by Zn-TiCl4 in THF at 0 °C gave one-to-one coupled products, 3-hydoxy-3-alkyloxindoles. The coupled products obtained from α,β-unsaturated esters were transformed to the corresponding spiro-γ-lactones by refluxing in cat. PPTS/benzene. The two-to-one coupled products, 3,3-bis(2-carbomethoxyethyl)oxindoles, were formed by the reduction of isatins with methyl acrylate by Zn-TiCl4 in THF at 30 °C. The one-to-one coupled products obtained from the reductive coupling of isatins with methyl acrylate were reduced to 3-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)oxindoles by Zn-TiCl4 in THF at 30 °C. The 3-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)oxindoles added to acrylonitrile to give 3-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)-3-(2-cyanoethyl)oxindoles.
News from the western front: occurrence of Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Oxychilidae) in the Vosges and Jura Mountains (north-eastern France)
Authors: Bichain Jean-Michel , Ryelandt Julien
Published: November 2021

We report here the first record of Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880) in the north-eastern quarter of France, in the Vosges and Jura massifs. After the fortuitous discovery of some shells attributed to M. depressa in the southern Vosges Mts., an extensive sampling campaign was carried out both in the Vosges and in the Jura Mts. In total, about 20 shells and seven live specimens were found at eight localities, which, according to the present state of our knowledge, represent its north-western range limit. The species was found exclusively under stones of rocky slope screes on siliceous and calcareous substrates. Some of these habitats could be described as Mesovoid Shallow Substratum. It is not clear whether the rarity of the species is an effect of under-sampling or of its small size and unusual habitat or/and to intrinsic rarity due to isolated populations at the distribution limits of the species. The extreme north-eastern quarter of France constitutes an oceanic-continental transition zone where about thirty gastropod species from Central and Eastern Europe are currently documented at the western limit of their ranges.
Η άμπελος στις φιλολογικές και αρχαιολογικές μαρτυρίες από την αρχαϊκή έως την ελληνιστική περίοδο
Authors: Μαντάλα Μαρία
Published: November 2021

Το παρόν πόνημα έχει ως βασικό σκοπό τη σφαιρική εξέταση και ερμηνεία του ρόλου της αμπέλου σε συγκεκριμένες εκφάνσεις στη ζωή και στις δραστηριότητες του ανθρώπου στον ελλαδικό χώρο και σε συγκεκριμένες χρονικές περιόδους. Η όλη έρευνα βασίζεται σε βιβλιογραφικές πηγές, εικονογραφικά και αρχαιολογικά τεκμήρια. Έχει δε ως βασικό άξονα το χρόνο. Ως προς το χώρο δίδεται έμφαση στην Αττική η οποία αποτελεί σημείο αναφοράς λόγω του ότι παρέχει ποικίλα τεκμήρια σχετικά με την αμπελοκαλλιέργεια και τη λατρεία του Διονύσου. Οι φιλολογικές και οι αρχαιολογικές μαρτυρίες αλληλοσυμπληρώνονται και συγκρίνονται μεταξύ τους έτσι ώστε η ερευνητική διαδικασία να στηριχτεί σε αξιόπιστα συμπεράσματα. Ως εκ τούτου εξετάζεται ο τρόπος με τον οποίο συνδέονται χωροχρονικά η αμπελοκαλλιέργεια και η λατρεία του Διονύσου. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρατίθεται μια σύντομη έρευνα της αμπελοκαλλιέργειας στους προϊστορικούς χρόνους και δη στην εποχή του Χαλκού. Στο Δεύτερο Κεφάλαιο τονίζεται η σημασία των ομηρικών επών ως πηγή πολιτιστικών, κοινωνικών και οικονομικών συμπερασμάτων για το ρόλο της αμπέλου συνδέοντας Μυκηναϊκή, Γεωμετρική Εποχή και 8ο αιώνα π.Χ. Στο Τρίτο Κεφάλαιο δίνεται βαρύτητα στην καθιέρωση και διάδοση δημοφιλών μύθων του Διονύσου σε συνδυασμό με την ενίσχυση της λατρείας του από τον Πεισίστρατο. Παράλληλα προβάλλεται η ανάπτυξη του εμπορίου οίνου στο Β. Αιγαίο και στις Ιωνικές πόλεις της Μ. Ασίας. Στο Τέταρτο Κεφάλαιο μελετάται η Κλασική Εποχή όσον αφορά τη λατρεία του Διονύσου και την κυριαρχία του οινεμπορίου στη Μεσόγειο και τον Εύξεινο Πόντο. Τέλος, στο Πέμπτο Κεφάλαιο διερευνάται η ευρύτερη επιρροή, διάδοση και παρουσία της λατρείας του θεού της αμπέλου σε συνδυασμό με τις αντιλήψεις και τις πολιτικές ανάγκες των διαδόχων του Αλεξάνδρου. Η όλη έρευνα συμπληρώνεται με γενικά συμπεράσματα και επιμύθιο με σχετικές επισημάνσεις, προεκτάσεις.
Επιχειρηματικές στρατηγικές και απόκτηση ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος μέσω της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας και της βιώσιμης διαχείρισης του περιβάλλοντος
Authors: Σκορδούλης Μιχαήλ
Published: November 2021

Η σχέση μεταξύ της λειτουργίας των επιχειρήσεων και του περιβάλλοντος έχει αποτελέσει αντικείμενο εκτενούς έρευνας, ειδικά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες που οι πιέσεις για την προστασία του εντείνονται συνεχώς. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα αρκετών ερευνών που έχουν διεξαχθεί στα πλαίσια της διερεύνησης του εν λόγω ζητήματος, οι πρακτικές που συνεισφέρουν στην προστασία του περιβάλλοντος, σχετίζονται άμεσα με την ανάπτυξη ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος για όσες επιχειρήσεις τις υιοθετούν. Με βάση την παραπάνω παρατήρηση, ο κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να αναλύσει τη σχέση των επιχειρηματικών στρατηγικών με την απόκτηση ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος μέσω της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας και της βιώσιμης διαχείρισης του περιβάλλοντος, μέσα από την περίπτωση των επιχειρήσεων που λειτουργούν στην Ελλάδα. Η διερεύνηση της περίπτωσης της Ελλάδας είναι σημαντική, καθώς, αν και η προστασία του περιβάλλοντος και η βιώσιμη διαχείρισή του ενσωματώνονται όλο και περισσότερο στον τρόπο που λειτουργούν οι επιχειρήσεις στην χώρα τα τελευταία χρόνια, η αντίστοιχη έρευνα κρίνεται ακόμη ανεπαρκής. Για την επίτευξη του σκοπού και των επιμέρους στόχων της διδακτορικής διατριβής, πραγματοποιήθηκε πρωτογενής έρευνα στα πλαίσια της οποίας διανεμήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο, το οποίο απαντήθηκε από στελέχη που είναι υπεύθυνα για την περιβαλλοντική στρατηγική 225 μεσαίων και μεγάλων επιχειρήσεων στην Ελλάδα. Με βάση τη στατιστική ανάλυση των δεδομένων που συλλέχθηκαν, προέκυψε ο βαθμός της περιβαλλοντικής ευαισθησίας των στελεχών που εξετάστηκαν, ο οποίος μετρήθηκε με την χρήση της κλίμακας Ν.Ε.Ρ., καθώς και η θετική του συσχέτιση με την εφαρμογή τόσο της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας, όσο και της πράσινης καινοτομίας από τις επιχειρήσεις. Επιπλέον, προέκυψε η θετική επιρροή της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας στην πράσινη καινοτομία οδηγώντας στο συμπέρασμα ότι πρόκειται για δύο έννοιες στενά συνδεδεμένες. Ακόμη, επιβεβαιώθηκε η θετική επιρροή τόσο της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας, όσο και της πράσινης καινοτομίας στην ανάπτυξη ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος. Τέλος, προέκυψε το ο ρυθμιστικός ρόλος της επιχειρηματικής στρατηγικής στην σχέση μεταξύ της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας, της πράσινης καινοτομίας και του ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος. Το κύριο συμπέρασμα που προκύπτει από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, είναι η θετική συνεισφορά τόσο της πράσινης επιχειρηματικότητας, όσο και της πράσινης καινοτομίας στην ανάπτυξη ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος. Κατά συνέπεια, γίνεται σαφές ότι η λήψη μέτρων από την πλευρά των επιχειρήσεων για την βιώσιμη διαχείριση του περιβάλλοντος δεν οδηγεί μόνο στην προστασία του, αλλά και στην ανάπτυξη ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος.
Ιδιωτισμοί
Authors: Τηλικίδου Ελπίδα
Published: November 2021

Η διατριβή έχει ως αντικείμενο μελέτης τη διαγλωσσική περιγραφή και ερμηνεία των ιδιωτισμών με βάση τη θεωρία της εννοιακής μεταφοράς και μετωνυμίας στο πλαίσιο της γνωσιακής γλωσσολογίας. Ο ομιλητής προσεγγίζει γνωσιακά και εκφράζει γλωσσικά περισσότερο ή λιγότερο αφηρημένες έννοιες (πεδίο-στόχος) μέσω συγκεκριμένων εννοιών που μπορεί να αφορούν το ανθρώπινο σώμα, τον φυσικό κόσμο και τον πολιτισμό (πεδίο-πηγή). Οι περισσότεροι ιδιωτισμοί προκύπτουν από κοινές εννοιακές μεταφορές που βασίζονται στις κοινές αντιληπτικές, σωματικές ή πολιτισμικές, εμπειρίες των ομιλητών. Η επιστημονική συμβολή της διατριβής έγκειται στο ότι για πρώτη φορά μελετάται τόσο εκτεταμένο υλικό και επιχειρείται διαχρονική (μόνο της ελληνικής), γνωσιακή, σημασιοκεντρική και ονομασιοκεντρική, προσέγγιση ιδιωτισμών από γλώσσες διαφορετικών γλωσσικών οικογενειών. Μέσα από ένα συγκεκριμένο πεδίο-πηγή ο ομιλητής επιλέγει την πιο εικονική και κατάλληλη για τις εκφραστικές του ανάγκες έννοια-πηγή για τη γλωσσική έκφραση μιας έννοιας-στόχου. Αυτή η επιλογή του μοιάζει να είναι μη αναμενόμενη και μη ερμηνεύσιμη, κάτι που καθιστά τη σημασία του ιδιωτισμού αδιαφανή. Η σημασιολογική αδιαφάνεια οφείλεται στον ομιλητή, ο οποίος προσεγγίζει και εκφράζει διαφορετικές πλευρές μιας έννοιας με τον ιδιαίτερο αντιληπτικό του τρόπο βασισμένος στην εντελώς προσωπική του ανάγνωση, με αποτέλεσμα τη δημιουργία ιδιωτισμών οι οποίοι, εκτός από σημασιολογικά αδιαφανείς, μπορεί να είναι και εκφραστικοί. Οι ιδιωτισμοί αφορούν αρνητικές κυρίως εμπειρίες και συναισθηματικές καταστάσεις που αποδίδονται γλωσσικά με πολύ μεγάλη ένταση, σημασιακή (επανενισχυμένη-εμφατική σημασία) και εικονική (έντονες νοητικές εικόνες). Στους ιδιωτισμούς, εκτός από τη δημιουργικότητα και την εκφραστικότητα του ομιλητή, διαφαίνεται και η συναισθηματική εμπλοκή του, η ειρωνική ή και απαθής στάση του απέναντι σε ένα γεγονός (υποκειμενικότητα). Στην πλειονότητά τους οι ιδιωτισμοί της αρχαίας και της νέας ελληνικής αποτελούν διαφορετικές και ανεξάρτητες γλωσσικές πραγματώσεις κοινών εννοιολογικών προσεγγίσεων. Οι ομιλητές της νέας ελληνικής έχουν κληρονομήσει έναν μικρό αριθμό ιδιωτισμών από τα αρχαία ελληνικά, στους οποίους πολύ συχνά επεμβαίνουν ενισχύοντας τη νοητική εικόνα και τη σημασία τους είτε με προσθήκη ενός λεξιλογικού στοιχείου, είτε με την επιλογή μιας άλλης έννοιας-πηγής που παραπέμπει σε πιο έντονη νοητική εικόνα.
The Origins of Formation of Descriptive Geometry
Authors: Sal'kov N.
Published: November 2021

The translation "Descriptive geometry" is not entirely accurate. In fact, the phrase should be translated as "Narrative geometry". Based on this translation, it can be confidently stated that the science under consideration serves not only as a theoretical basis for orthogonal projections, a special case of which are ordinary drawings, but also for any images – in this the author of the article fully agrees with such authorities as N.A. Rynin, N.F. Chetverukhin, V.O. Gordon, S.A. Frolov, N.A. Sobolev and many others.

The paper considers the origins of one of the directions of geometry – descriptive geometry. The hypothesis is put forward that in reality descriptive geometry, or rather, its elements, was originally involved in ancient times, during the primitive communal system when making drawings on the walls of caves and rocks. Orthogonal projections were used in the ancient world and in the Middle Ages, and Gaspard Monge at the end of the XVIII century systematized all the existing disconnected developments on descriptive geometry, adding his own research.

Most likely, geometry in general was the very first science that originated when our ancestors who lived in caves faced the problem of increasing the living area due to population growth. And descriptive geometry began to develop from the moment when the first artist depicted scenes from life on the cave wall: hunting, fishing, tribal wars, events that shocked people, etc. Ancient artists existed on all continents of the globe, except perhaps Antarctica, since rock carvings were found on all other continents. And the earliest was performed somewhere 25-30 thousand years ago. Thus, the hypothesis that the elements of descriptive geometry originated in the primitive communal system can be considered proven.
Research on the Influencing Factors of the Construction of Tourism and Leisure Characteristic Towns in Sichuan Province under the Background of New Urbanization
Authors: WANG Yi-ping , ZHANG Xian-li
Published: November 2021

Promoting the construction of characteristic towns under the background of new urbanization is an important way for my country to break the bottleneck of economic development and realize economic transformation and upgrading. In recent years, although the construction of characteristic towns in Sichuan Province has achieved remarkable results and a large number, especially tourist and leisure characteristic towns accounted for the largest proportion, they still face urgent problems such as avoiding redundant construction, achieving scientific development, and overall planning. This study takes 20 cultural tourism characteristic towns selected by the first batch of Sichuan Province as the research object, combined with field research and tourist questionnaire surveys, and screened out relevant influencing factors of characteristic towns from different aspects such as transportation, economy, industry, ecology, historical and cultural heritage. Analyze the correlation with the development level of characteristic towns in order to find out the key factors affecting the development of characteristic towns of this type, provide a policy basis for the scientific development and overall planning of reserve characteristic towns in our province, and contribute to the construction of new urbanization And provide advice and suggestions on the development of tourism industry in our province.
THE STUDY OF THE STRATEGIES OF STUDENTS’ EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION IN COLLEGE ENGLISH INTENSIVE READING TEACHING
Authors: FENG LI , XU JING
Published: November 2021

The traditional college English intensive reading class is mostly taught by teachers, students are passive learners, and the learning atmosphere is serious and the study is inefficient, which cannot meet the high requirements of modern society for the practical knowledge and ability of contemporary college students. The traditional class education mode should now been changed. In English intensive reading class, students show negative participation or even non-participation, so the teacher has become the master of English class teaching. The communication between students and teachers in speech, behavior and emotion is not ideal, therefore, on the basis of the inability to interact, teaching becomes more boring, students are more reluctant to participate in it. To solve this problem, the author tries to analyze the internal factors that influence students’ effective participation in intensive reading class, and external factors affecting students’ effectiveness. The effective participation strategies are put forward.
A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF DIMINISHERS IN CHINESE EFL LEARNERS' WRITINGS
Authors: FENG LING
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the use of diminishers in Chinese EFL learners' written English (CLEC) and compares it with that in an English native speakers' written corpus (LOCNESS) through both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The corpus-based study reveals: (a) that there are similarities and differences in the frequency and pattern of usage of diminishers between Chinese EFL learners and English native speakers; (b) that the misuse, the overuse of some and underuse of other diminishers or patterns of diminishers indicate that Chinese learners have a different collocational range which could be affected by factors like mother tongue interference and the understanding of sematic prosody. Pedagogical implications of the study are also discussed to shed light on teaching English vocabulary and writing.LING FENG
ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TALENT CULTIVATION IN CHINA FROM CASE STUDY
Authors: LI XIAO-LONG
Published: November 2021

Through the case analysis of Carnegie Mellon University in the field of artificial intelligence in America. the similarities and differences of the above university in artificial intelligence talent cultivation were obtained from four dimensions: length of learning and degree, enrollment requirements, staff force construction and the offered curriculum. The conclusion could support the suggestions and advice for domestic policymakers and decision makers as follows: to promulgate the document of artificial intelligence talent cultivation pertinently as the guideline; to promote the new institutes construction of artificial intelligence and update the research centers of artificial intelligence; to improve the supporting incentive mechanisms such as scholarships, competitions and academic conference grants for the students in the direction of artificial intelligence.
A PROBE INTO THE CO-CONSTRUCTION MECHANISM OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: LIANG JING
Published: November 2021

In the context of the national strategy Healthy China, it is imperative to establish a social mental health service system. Co-construction of universities and medical institutions is an important measure to respond to national policy requirements and improve the quality of psychological services for college students. In order to improve the quality of university students’ mental health, planning and deployment should be made in terms of top-level design and specific implementation plans to maximize the mobilization of resources of colleges and universities and the medical system, so that psychological interventions such as mental health education, psychological consultation, and psychological treatment can be integrated into university students’ mental health service system.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHINESE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ USE OF DISAGREEMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: LUO WAN-YING , HE HENG-XING
Published: November 2021

To date, the studies on disagreement strategies in Chinese mainly focus on adults, and relevant research on senior high school students is rare. This study intends to explore gender differences in Chinese senior high school students’ use of disagreement strategies. By adopting a discourse completion task (DCT) and modified Yang’s classification of disagreement strategies (2015), we designed an open-ended questionnaire survey of 12 situations with three social factors (social distance, social status, and sex of hearer) which was distributed among 100 Chinese senior high school students. Then we analyzed all the 96 valid survey responses and did a T-test. The results show that the distribution of disagreement strategies is uneven, with Softened Disagreement Strategy (SDS, 96.96%) dominating, and that there exist significant gender differences in Chinese senior high school students’ use of Neither Softened Nor Strengthened Disagreement Strategy (NSNSDS) (p=0.0330.05). The present study contributes to the understanding of disagreement and gender differences in disagreement strategies and offers implications to communication and EFL teaching for Chinese teenagers.
A BRIEF VIEW ON CULTIVATING STUDENTS' CREATIVE ABILITY IN COLLEGE CHINESE TEACHING
Authors: CHEN XI
Published: November 2021

Chinese is one of the most important courses in China's educational subjects, a very important basic discipline. College Chinese language and literature, this course should be energetic, learning of college students' love and positive input. However, the innovation ability of Chinese teaching in China is still insufficient and lacks vitality. College Chinese teaching has not yet become a fortress that can provide talents for our country, and has not yet played a vanguard and exemplary role. This paper puts forward corresponding suggestions and suggestions on the problems existing in the current stage of cultivating students' innovative ability in college Chinese teaching classroom, so as to promote the better development of college Chinese education in China.
MASCULINITY AND IDENTITY IN ZADIE SMITH’S WHITE TEETH
Authors: WANG XIAO-TAO
Published: November 2021

In White Teeth, Zadie Smith portrays the lives of three immigrant families in Britain in the late half of twentieth century. Besides the generally celebrated theme of multiculturalism, this article argues that the novel is an exploration of the relationship between the identity of the second-generation immigrants and their fathers’ masculinity. The lack of masculinity in the fathers among the first-generation immigrants makes the second-generation immigrants cannot construct their British identity, they have to turn to other fatherly fingers for financial and social capital. Through the portrait of masculinity, the author expresses her concern of the racial discrimination against the immigrants and the importance of first-generation immigrants’ masculinity. But on the other hand, the novel’s portrait of men without masculinity intensified the stereotyped negative image of immigrants.
MODIFICATION OF PLA FOR 3D PRINTING AND ITS APPLICATION IN APPAREL PACKAGING
Authors: RUI ZHENG-JIA
Published: November 2021

The application of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) in the field of 3D printing packaging was explored according to its properties and modification methods, and a new direction was proposed for the subsequent modification research and market application. In this paper, the structure and characteristics of PLA materials, modification methods and the application of 3D printing PLA materials in the packaging field are introduced in detail. With the advantages of high transparency and degradability of PLA material, the toughness, heat resistance, barrier and electrical conductivity of PLA material can be further improved, and the production cost can be reduced, so that PLA material can be used more widely in packaging field.
RESEARCH ON EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES BASED ON CR THEORY
Authors: ZHAO ZI-XUAN , LUO YAN-RONG , ZHAO HAN-BING , ZHAO HAN , LIU YONG-GUI , MEI TING , LI MIAO-JING
Published: November 2021

In recent years, public health emergencies occur frequently, which pose a great threat to human life and health as well as social and economic development. As the basic unit of modern urban public governance system, community is located in the forefront of social disaster risk resistance, and is the cornerstone of social disaster management. Strengthening the capacity building of community emergency management and cultivating community resilience to disasters have become the priority areas of emergency management research and practice all over the world. In this paper, based on the resilience theory of community public health emergencies to deal with nearly 20 years of domestic and foreign research to sort out the formation of a review, in order to provide theoretical reference in this field.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDITY AND VALIDATION IN LANGUAGE TESTING
Authors: CHEN JIN , ZENG YONG-QIANG , LU WEI-LIE
Published: November 2021

Validity and validation have been key issues in language testing. During the past seven decades, researchers have aired different views on validity whose development, can be divided into four stages, namely, the stage of criterion-based approach, the stage of tripartite approach, the stage of unified approach and the stage of argument-based approach. In order to have an informed knowledge of validity theory, this article briefly traces the history of research on validity concepts and the corresponding frameworks of validation. By examining the development of validity and validation, some possible topics for future research are uncovered.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FILM AND TELEVISION WORKS TO THE DISSEMINATION OF THE SPIRIT OF THE TIMES
Authors: BIAN YI-DUO
Published: November 2021

As an important part of culture, film and television plays an important role in the dissemination of the spirit of the times. Film and television works use lens language and three-dimensional visual way to tell the development of the times and highlight the spirit of the times. It is precisely because of the era responsibility of film and television works that how to make film and television works play a greater role in the dissemination of the spirit of the times has become a new research topic.
THE CURRICULUM SYSTE"M CONSTRUCTION OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN MAJOR BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF TOPCARES EDUCATION
Authors: XIONG DAN , LI YONG
Published: November 2021

Based on the concept of "TOPCARES "education, this paper studies how to construct the curriculum system of visual communication design. According to the core curriculum, project setting, project-oriented curriculum ability training, curriculum setting and main vocational posts, and the corresponding relationship between practical education and teaching links, this paper expounds the scientific nature of the training mode, professional characteristics and ability index construction of visual communication design professionals under the concept of "TOPCARES "education.
A STUDY ON PRONOUNCING SKILLS IN VOCAL MUSIC SINGING
Authors: QIN WEI-WEI
Published: November 2021

In China, pronouncing correctly and clearly is a basic requirement in vocal music singing. Only with a sufficient understanding of the pronouncing skills can a performer present a qualified vocal work. Through a simple analysis of the pronouncing problems that often occur in vocal singing and, targeted suggestions will be put forward in this paper. At the end of the paper, an analysis of pronouncing skills will be made, hoping to provide theoretical help to the development of vocal music singing in our country.
RESEARCH ON THE MORALITY OF FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS BORN IN 00 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MICRO-CULTURE
Authors: SAI SHUANG
Published: November 2021

Post-00s female college students are not only high-quality new talents in our country, but also shoulder the important task of educating the motherland for the future generations. Their moral research has urgent and important practical significance. With the influence of micro-culture, the mainstream of female college students' morality after 00 is positive, but there are also some potential crises that cannot be ignored. To prevent crises, we must make every effort to carry out targeted moral education with female characteristics. Strengthen the moral education of women in the new era, shape the good moral personality of female college students after 00; strengthen the education of modern women's awareness, mold the healthy moral personality of female college students after 00; strengthen the mental health education of women, and shape the healthy moral personality of female college students after 00; strengthen women's love Moral education, shaping the responsible moral personality of female college students born after 00.
COMPARISON OF HIGHER EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN
Authors: WANG, YOU-SHENG , FAROQ AHMAD
Published: November 2021

China Pakistan friendly relations have a long history and have cooperation in many aspects, including education. However, due to the different systems and policies, higher education in the two countries also has great differences. The paper compares and analyzes the secondary education, education policies and objectives, challenges and difficulties encountered in the two countries, which is conducive to better education exchanges between the two countries in the future.
ON THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN KAFKA'S METAMORPHOSIS
Authors: LUO JING-QUAN
Published: November 2021

Metamorphosis is one of Kafka's representative short stories. It mainly reveals the alienation of modern western society through the absurd story of the protagonist Gregor Samsa turning into a beetle. From the perspectives of self-alienation, the alienation of living environment, the alienation of interpersonal relationship and the alienation of the relationship between man and nature, this paper discusses the squeeze and distortion of human beings in the western capitalist society, and reproduces the true picture of the abnormal society.
INVESTIGATION ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH READING COMPETENCE IN INDEPENDENT COLLEGES
Authors: ZHANG JING
Published: November 2021

This paper studied college students’ English reading competence in independent colleges. Students’ reading competence were investigated basing on students’ reading scores of College English Test-4 from eight majors in Xingzhi College of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics. The results indicated that students’ English reading competence in independent colleges was low on the whole, and it differed among different majors. On the basis of the above analysis, teaching suggestions on how to improve college students’ reading competence were also proposed.
THE SURVIVAL OF FASHION LUXURY BRAND WHEN THE DESIGNER CHANGING: HOW TO BALANCE DESIGN AND MARKET IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN BRAND VALUE
Authors: WANG YI-YAN
Published: November 2021

Fashion designer is one of dominate role in a fashion luxury brand. There are many cases that luxury fashion brand via recruiting a creative designer to revive their commercial empire. For example, Tom Ford capitalizes on ten years to make nearly bankrupt Gucci resurge, even become a bellwether that value 4.3 billion market cap in the luxury industry[1]. But, that is not mean every designer could be lucky to cooperate with a brand that match his or her design style, such as the transitory cooperation of Kalvin Klein and Raf Simons. Thus, except the cooperation situation of designer and company, the other critical factor to determinate one designer whether match a brand is the balance between design and marketing. This report examines the plight of fashion luxury brand when designer changing. And explore how to remedy the loosing of brand core competitiveness and discuss a sires of reasons why new design concept useless for sales improvement, also, how to utilize marketing strategy such as visual communication to maintain brand equity. In this paper, the author conducted a series of comprehensive methodologies such as content analysis, historical research and case study to probe the role of designer for luxury brands and describes that marketing strategy might contribute to protect brand value in the period of brand upgrading. The research finding that, whilst designer changing, the visual marketing could be an effective method to help luxury fashion brand tide over difficulties, whole visual presenting of brand could maintain the impression in customer mind.
A STUDY ON THE GRADE SYSTEM OF PLEADING GUILTY AND ACCEPTING PUNISHMENT—FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Authors: QIAN CHUN
Published: November 2021

The right of remorse is not only the voluntary guarantee of the case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment, but also the source of the accused’s appeal. Protest is a confrontation between the right of remorse and the court of first instance’s failure to adopt the sentencing recommendation of the prosecution, and this confrontational contradiction always exists, which stems from the failure to put the characteristics of guilty plea and punishment admitting into the second instance procedure. Standardizing the right of remorse, establishing the system of cause appeal, classifying the reasons for protest and adjusting the scope of the second trial are helpful to resolve the conflicts in the system of admitting punishment and adjudication, and use intersubjectivity to break through the tension between litigation justice and litigation efficiency.
EFFECT OF SGLT-2 INHIBITOR ON BONE TURNOVER IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: LV WEN-TAO , ZHANG QIU-MEI , MENG XIANG-WEN
Published: November 2021

To investigate the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2I) on bone turnover markers in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: according to the criteria of selection and exclusion, 42 patients with overweight and obese type 2 diabetes (BMI≥25kg/m2) were selected from October 2019 to May 2020. The patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, there were 18 cases in the experimental group and 24 cases in the control group. The experimental group was treated with SGLT-2I, and other oral hypoglycemic agents (or insulin) were added according to the blood glucose situation. The control group received oral hypoglycemic agents (non-SGLT-2I) and/or insulin and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). Every 28 days of follow-up, medication regimen was adjusted according to blood glucose and adverse reactions of patients. Fasting venous serum of the patients was collected at the beginning and again 24 weeks later and the levels of PINP and β-CTX were detected uniformly. SPSS 21.0 was used to compare the changes of clinical indexes before and after the treatment. Results: 1. In the experimental group, PINP, HbA1c, FPG and BMI decreased (p<0.05). 2. In the control group, HbA1c, FPG and PINP decreased (p<0.05). 3. Comparison between groups after 24 weeks of treatment: there was significant difference in BMI (p<0.05).
RESEARCH ON THE TRAINING MODE OF "DOUBLE-QUALIFIED" TEACHERS IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF "DOUBLE-HIGH PROJECT"—TAKING SHANDONG INSTITUTE OF COMMERCE AND TECHNOLOGY AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: LI ZHEN-HONG , HOU RONG-ZENG
Published: November 2021

Taking Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology as a concrete case, which is one of Construction Plan of high-level vocational colleges and specialties with Chinese characteristics, this paper attempts to explore a new "double-qualified" teacher training mode to meet the requirements of the "Double-High Project" construction through the introduction and explanation of "dual-channel, multi-level, multi-circulation high platform" model of teacher training, so as to provide references for other similar institutions and achieve the goal of mutual development.
ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT PROVIDING PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE UNDER THE NEW EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
Authors: LIU JIE , GAO CHANG-CHEN
Published: November 2021

Employment is the largest livelihood of more than 1.3 billion people and the most basic support for economic development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council insist on giving priority to employment in economic and social development, encourage the creation of a favorable environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and maintain overall stability in China's employment situation, coupled with the new employment model of de-employerization and platformization along with the technological progress of the Internet and the upgrading of mass consumption. However, we should also see that there are still many difficulties and problems in the current economic and social development, the new employment form breaks the old industry and legal order under the interest relationship and management norms, the traditional employment groups, management means, labor law system, employment service management, social security policies and so on to form an impact. In order to alleviate the current situation, our country should actively explore the innovative mechanism of the government to provide public services to promote employment, and the author also puts forward some suggestions from the following aspects through his own research: first, to establish the diversified public employment service supply mechanism which is government-led, market and social supplement; from the above aspects, the quality and efficiency of the supply of public employment services under the new industry are improved from the above aspects.
STUDY ON THE MECHANISM AND DILEMMA OF COMMUNITY PROMOTING EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: ZHANG YINGYING
Published: November 2021

The employment of college students has been a serious social problem in recent years, and it is also the focus of concern of tens of millions of families and countries. The long-term employment policy of our country has been dominated by market distribution to give full play to the role of government macro-control. Past studies have also focused on macro-system, middle-family and micro-individual aspects, but there are few studies on the community with public characteristics between the state and individuals. In June 2020, the notice on guiding and encouraging college graduates to urban and rural community employment entrepreneurship provides us with new ideas to think about college students' employment entrepreneurship from a community perspective. The public nature of the community determines that the community has a natural advantage in solving public affairs. This paper will start with this characteristic of the community and study the mechanism of promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of college students. This paper provides a new idea for the research of college students' employment entrepreneurship.
THE VIGOROUS SINGING THROUGH HISTORY—AN INVESTIGATION REPORT OF RONG COUNTY'S CARRYING WORKERS’ CHANT
Authors: LI SHAN , YUE SHENG-DONG
Published: November 2021

Carrying workers’ chant in Rong County, a county in Zigong city of Sichuan province, has a long history. It is an ancient traditional music culture created and developed by working people in the process of long-term collaborative labor. The carrying workers’ chant on this piece of land is indispensable in people’s daily labor and maintains close contact with production and life. It organically combines folk music with strong physical labor, which has both musical beauty and labor beauty, and has a wealth of cultural connotation. Through long-term field investigations and visits, we start with the historical background, ontological characteristics, main artistic features, living space and other aspects of the carrying workers’ chant in Rong County, and dig out and interpret its cultural and spiritual connotations based on case analysis. Rong County is located in the southwest of Zigong City. The area is influenced by the salt industry culture and the content of folk music is rich and diverse. "Carrying workers’ chant" is a representative of local folk music, among which the chant of carrying stones and carrying workers’ chant of mourning are particularly famous. In 2016, "Salt Workers’ chanting" became the fifth batch of intangible cultural heritage in Zigong City. As the representative work of "Salt Workers’ chant in Zigong", "Carrying workers’ chant" is very necessary to be carried out through systematic investigation and research.
RESEARCH ON WECHAT MORAL EDUCATION MODEL INNOVATION IN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: YANG HONG
Published: November 2021

College students are in the active period of thinking and knowledge, and WeChat has a profound influence on them. At the same time, the moral education in colleges and universities is in the era of both challenges and opportunities. With the increasingly changing and frequent use of WeChat, moral education in colleges and universities is faced with new educational objects, educational environments and educational models. By analyzing the positive and negative effects of WeChat on college students and college moral education, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on the strategy of using WeChat platform to conduct moral education for college students. The author hopes to provide inspiration for the innovation of moral education in colleges and universities in China and make a little contribution to the cause of moral education through the discussion of this paper.
AN INNOVATION RESEARCH ON THE COLLEGE OUTWARD BOUND DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
Authors: ZHOU WEN-FU , BI JIAN-FENG
Published: November 2021

The outward bound has been carried out as part of the PE course by many universities. In the teaching practice, however, it is not so closely connected with, or even deviated from, the PE instructional objectives in universities in China. In this essay, the research findings of modern physical education theory are applied to the outward bound course with significant theoretic innovation brought up to guarantee the healthy development of the outward bound in college PE teaching.
"BEAUTIFUL" FENCES: CEILING OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT FOR COMMUNITY WORKERS—BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY OF COMMUNITY WORKER TEAM CONSTRUCTION IN CHENGDU
Authors: XIE LIN
Published: November 2021

Community workers are the mainstay of community governance, and the key to building a team of community workers lies in the formulation and improvement of policies related to community and team construction. At present, community workers are facing a "ceiling" for career development, which will not only affect the stability of the community workforce, but also the effectiveness of community governance. In this regard, Chengdu Municipality issued the Chengdu Community Full-time Workers Management Method in 2018. Based on the analysis of the policies on the construction of community workers in Chengdu, the author will propose possible problems in the relevant policies in terms of remuneration, education and training, career promotion and assessment and evaluation, and put forward a few thoughts on improving the policies to further ensure that community workers have more room for career development and promote the effectiveness of community governance. This will further ensure that community workers have more room for career development and promote the construction and development of the community workforce.
Exporting Socialism or Searching for the “Third Way”?
Authors: Sadecka Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

The article explores the perception of India in socialist-era Polish travel reportage, focusing in particular on the political debates inscribed in the Cold War divisions. Four books of reportage from India, by Jerzy Ros, Wiesław Górnicki, Janusz Gołębiowski, and Jerzy Putrament, serve as primary material for this research. The reporters, visiting India on official assignments, discuss the relations between the so-called Second and Third World and India’s take on socialism. While the analyzed texts do not present a uniform vision, the reporters’ narratives reveal an interesting relation of ambivalence: Indians are seen at times as socialist brothers, but at other times a rather patronizing attitude prevails.