bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative performance of indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa) varieties under late planted rainfed lowland condition
Authors: S.S. SINGH  , SOW SRIVASTAVA  , A.K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 1996 and 1997 at Pusa, Bihar, in silty loam soil under rainfed lowland conditions to compare the performance of japonica type and 4 photosensitive varieties (PSV) of indica rice (Oryza sativa) planted under late planted conditions on 21, 31 August and 10 September with a seedling age of 65, 75 and 85 days. The HYV Kanak and Mahsuri were not found suitable for late planting due to their staggered flowering and maturity, high incidence of insect pests and diseases, poor yield and profit. In September planting both HYV did not perform well. Weakly PSV, medium bold seeded Rajshree was found suitable up to 31 August planting. Coarse grained PSV Vaidehi was found suitable only up to 21 August planting, with a profit of Rs 7,7081ha. Scented PSV were found suitable in all 3 dates due to less incidence of pests, optimum yield attributes and better market price of grains although their profit in 10 September planting was very marginal (Rs 2,467lha). Highest profit of Rs 9,3281ha was found in Kamini planted on 21 August. Highest uptake of nutrients (N, P,O, K,O) was in PSV Rajshree with 54.3, 32.05 and 61.03 kglha while lowest of 44.1 1, 27.45 and 58.02 in HYV Kanak under this condition.
Performance of acetachlor and anilofos ethoxysulfuron for weed control in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) SANDEEP NARWAL , SAMAR SINGH, K.S PAN WAR , R.K. MALIK
Authors: SANDEEP NARWAL  , SAMAR SINGH  , K.s PANWAR  , R.K. MALIK
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 to evaluate the performance of 2 new herbicides, viz. acetachlor and ready mixture of anilofos ethoxysulfuron , on weed density, weed dry weight, yield and yield attributes of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acetachlor at 150 g a.i.1ha applied 3 days after transplanting (DAT) and ready mixture of anilofos ethoxysulfuron at 390 g a.i.1ha applied 8 DAT proved effective in controlling both tyees of weeds and these were found at par with butachlor at 1,500 g a.i.1ha in , controlling the grassy weeds. The plots treated with acetachlor at 150 g a.i./ha applied 3 DAT and anilofos ethoxysulfuron at 390 g a.i./ha applied 8 DAT produced similar number of tillerslm2, number of grainslpanicle, length of panicle, 1,000 grain weight and grain yield of rice to that of plots kept weed free for whole of season during both the seasons. On an average, these parameters registered 41 and 39% higher yield during 1999 and 40 and 42% in 2000, as compared to weedy check. Key words : ethoxysulfuron, Transplanted rice Acetachlor, Anilofos
Effect of atrazine, metribuzin, sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim on weeds and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: JITENDRA PANQEY  , A.K. VERMA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1997 98 and 1998 99 to find out the effect of 4 herbicides on weeds and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) Of the herbicides, metribuzin being most potent killer of weeds, eliminated Chenopodium album L. and gave exce llent control of all other weeds. Only this herbicide paralysed severely the growth of Convolvulus arvensis L. till harvest of the crop. The next best treatment was atrazine. Its effect on C. album was similar to that of metribuzin. It gave remarkable control of Phalaris minor Retz. but its effect on Avena ludoviciana was inconspicuous while vividly vivid on all other weed species. lsoproturon gave good control of P. minor and C. album and satisfactory control of all other weed species except C. arvensis. Sulfosulfuron proved more effective than tralkoxydim in controlling A. ludoviciana. Both the herbicides were effective against P. minor. Weed population and weed dry weight were significantly lower under weed control treatments. The lowest was in metribuzin and it proved significantly superior to all other treatments in arresting both weed population and weed dry matter. The next best treatments were hand weeding and atrazine. Weed competition resulted in significant decrease in wheat plant height, productive tillerslm row length, grainslpanicle and 1,000 grain weight and lowered crop yield by 27.2%. All the weed control treatments caused significant increase in yield attributes and yield in both the years. Hand weeding affected maximum increase in grain yield which proved significantly superior to all other treatments except metribuzin. (150 glha). No significant difference existed between atrazine (1 00 g/ ha) and metribuzin.
Response of promising pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucunt) cultivars to levels and time of nitrogen application under rainfed conditions
Authors: P. MUNIRATHNAM  , R.C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1998 and 1999 at New Delhi, to study the response of 4 cultivars of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.B emend stuntz] to different levels and times of N application. Among the 4 cultivais, a hybrid from the lARl , New Delhi, Pusa 605 and a composite from the ICRISAT, Raj 171 outyielded the other cultivars Pusa Bajri 266 and ICMH 356 . A dose of 60 kg Nlha was found to be as good . . as 90 kg Nlha and split application showed advantage over the basal application.
Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars to sources and levels of sulphur
Authors: S.P. SINGH  , D.S. CHAUHAN  , S.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1993 95 to study the response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) cultivars to sources and levels of sulphur. Among the sources of sulyhur, gypsum proved significantly superior with respect to yield attributes (podslplant and 1,000 grain weight), grain and straw yields and harvest index. Yield and yield attributes, protein content in grain and total protein production increased significantly with increasing levels of sulphur up to 40 kglha. Among the cultivars, Pant L 406 performed better than others in respect of yield and quality.
Weed management in cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
Authors: SUBHASH KUMAR
Published: December 2023

Linuron 0.5 kglha applied as pre emergence or post emergence 30 days after sowing and Pendimethalin 1.0 kglha applied as pre emergence provided 95.7 to 99.2% weed control and had no adverse effect on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) crop at any stage. These treatments gave cumin yield comparable to weed free conditions. Unwedded control caused 94.8% average reduction in cumin yield.
Production and econon ics of rice (Oryza sativa) based rainfed cropping systems
Authors: DlLlP KUMAR BASTIA  , SUSANTA KUMAR MOHANT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during 1996 99 revealed that among the different rainfed cropping sequences, the rice equivalent yield of Swarna rice Annegiri gram (Cicer arietinum L.) was the highest (74.9 qlha) and was at par with rice Pusa 24 lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) (73.4 qlha) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) (70.9 qlha). The producfion efficiency of lathyrus (9.3 kglhdday), safflower (7.8 kglhdday) and gram (7.5 kglhdday) was better than dher winter crops. The net return and benefit : cost ratio were the highest for rice gram (Rs 10,670lha and 1.55 respectively) and was at par for rice lathyrus sequence (Rs 10,070lha and 1.52 respectively). The soil fertility status of rainfed cropping systems involving pulse crops was better than that involving oilseed crops.
Oryza in sativa) Eastern Ghats, Orissa
Authors: B. BEHERA  , G.s. SINGH  , S.K. MOHANTY  , P.C. SENAPATI
Published: December 2023

Eight intercropping systems comprising 2 crop combinations, viz. rice (Oryza sativa L.) okra (Hibiscus esculentus) and rice radish (Raphanus sativus L.), 2 row ratios (2:l and 4:2) and 2 land configurations (level bed and ridge furrow) and 3 sole crops (rice, okra and radish) were grown during the rainy season of 1998, 1999 and 2000 at Phulbani, Orissa. Rice okra and rice radish intercropping systems gave mean rice equivalent yield of 62.20 and 40.34 qlha, i net return of Rs 19, 657 and Rs 9,918/ha, and return1 rupee investment of Rs. 2.82 and Rs 2.00 respectively. Planting rice in furrows and vegetables in ridges recorded rice equivalent yield of 54.85 qlha, net return of Rs 16, 0661ha and returnlrupee investment of Rs 2.45 compared with 47.67 qlha, Rs 13,510 and Rs 2.37 /Re from planting both on level bed. The 2 row ratios exhibited marginal difference s in rice equivalent yield, net return and returnlrupee investment. Rice okra (4:2) in ridge and furrow planting gave rice equivalent yield of 67.01 qlha, net return of Rs 21,4661ha and returnlrupee investment of Rs 2.89 compared with 28.01 qlha, Rs 5,1321ha and Rs 1.60/Re, respectively, from sole rice. Considering crop compatibility, intercultural advantages, yield and economics, this system may be advocated in place of sole rice in rainfed uplands. Key words 1 RaiAfed, Upland rice, Eastern Ghats, and equivalent ratio j.
Response of potato (SoZanum tuberosum) to sulphur bearing fertilizers and their residual effect on greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal
Authors: S.S. MONDAL  , S. MANDAL  , SITANGSHU SARKAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1994 95 and 1995 96 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, to study the effect of sulphur ) bearing fertilizers on potato (Solanurn tuberosurn L.), and their residual effect on greengram ( Phaseolus radiatus L.). Soil incorporation of 72 kg Slha through single superphosphate (SSP) resulted in significantly higher dry , . matter production (901.60 g/m2 at 105 days after planting) and potato tuber yield (270.6 qlha) and its residual effect on the succeeding greengram gave highest dry matter production (527.93 glm2 at harvest) and seed yield (12.38 qlha). Application of S 108 kglha (through 3 parts SSP and 1 part K2S0,) gave significantly maximum large ( 100 g, 11.61 %) and medium (50 100 g, 26.39%) size tubers. Application of S 72 kgfha (through SSP) to potato and its residual effect on the next greengram crop (in rotation) showed the highest net production value (3.35) in this potato greengram sequence of lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal.
Effect of tillage and mechanization on production potential of rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (Triticum aestivurn) cropping system
Authors: S.N. SHARMA  , J.s. BOHRA  , P.K. SINGH  , R.K. SRIVASTAVA
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during 1998 99 and 1999 2000 at Varanasi, to cornpare the performance of the conventional tillage, reduced tillage (Chinese rotavator), zero tillage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.] under vbrying sowingltransplanting methods of rice (O.n,.za sativa L.), viz. direct dry sowing, direct wet sowing, manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting by self propelled transplanter. The manual and mechanical transplanting of rice =. ( HUR 36 ) being at par produced significantly higher grain yield than direct seedings. However, the use of self propelled transplanter gave the maximum output : input ratio (2.531, followed by direct wet sowing with anaerobic seeder (2.10). Labour utilization was very poor under manual transplanting. As regards the wheat ( HUW 234 ), Chinese rotavator proved most effective and recorded markedly higher values of yield attributing characters, grain yield and output : input ratio. Conventional tillage though resulted in higher grain yield than zero tillage, the latter proved more remunerative.
Farming system options for small and marginal holdings in different topographies of Goa
Authors: B.L. MANJUNATH  , C.J. ITNAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1998 2001 at the ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa, to evaluate suitable integrated farming systems in different topographies. The results revealed that monocropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) was not productive in comparison to improved cropping, i.e. rice brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) or coconut forage grass combinations, respectively, and their integrated farming systems (poultry along with mushroom and dairy integration, respectively). Gross returns from lowlands predominated by rice and rice based copping systems were relatively higher (Rs 34,600lha) than from uplands with cashew (Rs 31,4201ha) or midlands and valleys with coconut (Rs 18,3701ha). However, the net returns (Rs 25,020lha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.91) were higher with cashew system, particularly with nut shelling. lntegration of mushroom and poultry production in rice and coconut systems with dairy and value addition in cashew through farming system approach resulted in gross return of R s 98,690lha and net returns of R s 48,00O/ha, although the investment cost was also enhanced substantially (Rs 50,680lha). lntegration of dairy with coconut and forage in tercropping through farming system enhanced the gross returns (Rs 94,870lha) and net returns (Rs 32,335lha) by 5 times over monocropping of coconut, indicating the superiority of the systems approach.
Application of crop residues in combination with chemical fertilizers for sustain able productivity in rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (Triticum aestivum) system
Authors: K. DAS  , D.N. MEDHl  , B. GUHA
Published: December 2023

tn an experiment conducted during 1997 98 and 1998 99, incorporation of crop residues of either rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw or wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Firori Paol.) straw increased the yield and yield compo nents of rice and nutrient uptake and also improved the physico chemical properties of the soil which provided bet ter soil environment for crop growth. Increasing levels of NPK application increased the yield attributing characters and nutrient uptake by both the crops which ultimately increased the grain and straw yiekls thus, 100% NPK levels gave the highest yield. There was no significant effect on physico chemical properties of soil due to increasing lev els of NPK application.
Growth, yield and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) finger millet (Eleusine coracana) crop sequence as influenced by coirpith and farmyard manure with and without inorganic fertilizers
Authors: P. PARASURqMAN  , A.K. MAN
Published: December 2023

The response to coirpith and farmyard manure (FYM) with and without recommended inorganic fertilizers (RIF) in respect of growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] crop sequence was studied during 1998 2000. Growth and yield parameters were generally higher in FYM 12.5 tonnestha RIF application and was comparable with the composted coirpith (CCP) Q 12.5 tonnestha RIF application. The lowest growth and yield attributes were recorded with raw coirpith application alone. Significantly higher mean grain yield of 6,632 and 6,471 kgtha in rice was recorded with application of FYM RIF and CCP RIF, respec tively, and were comparable with each other. This was 50% and 46.4% increase over the control. Similarly, for fin ger millet the yield increase was 60.7 and 55.8% with FYM RIF (2,816 kgtha) and CCP RIF (2,739 kg/ha).The net returns and benefit : cost ratio were more in rice finger millet cropping sequence applied with FYM RIF (Rs 29,960lha) and CCP RIF (Rs 29,356/ha), while it was lowest in raw coirpith application realising Rs 14,751tha only.
Productivity and economics of sugarcane (Saccharum officinanrm) based production systems in subtropical India
Authors: S.K. SHUKLA  , MENHl LAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, during 1996 98 and 1998 2000 with 3 cropping systems, viz. wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) sugarcane (Saccha rum officinarum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sugarcane and sunflower sugarcane, and 3 planting ma terials for sugarcane (conventional 3 bud setts setts obtained from 750 ppm a.i. ethephon sprayed solution in seed cane 10 days before planting and polythene bag raised settlings PBS). The highest number of millable canes (158,70Olha), cane yield (116.9 tonneslha) and cane equivalent yield (145.9 tonneslha) were obtained when sugarcane (ethephon sprayed) was planted with spring sunflower. Sugarcane intercropping with sunflower increased 41.43% cane yield (1 11 tonneslha) over sunflower sugarcane system. Sunflower t sugarcane (CP) system produced taller cane (214 cm) than other systems. Use of polythene bag raised settlings increased the cane yield by 17% in wheat sugarcane system. The variation in cane yield was observed due to variation in date \ of planting under different systems. Sugarcane sunflower (ethephon sprayed) system also produced the highest number of millable canes (1 59,000) and cane yield (72.9 tonneslha) in subsequent ratoon. Sugarcane (ethephon sprayed) sunflower system fetched highest net return (Rs 78,000lha) and benefit :cost ratio (3.27). However, for .late planting conditions in wheat cane system the use of polythene bag raised settlings was found quite remu nerative (Rs 69,596lha net return and benefit : cost ratio 3.16)
Integrated nutrient management in wheat (Triticum aestivum) mungbeail (Phaseolus radiatus) cropping sequence in arid region
Authors: R.S. YADAVI  , P.c. YADAV  , A.K. DAHAMA
Published: December 2023

The results of field experiment conducted in 1997 98 and 1998 99 revealed that application of organic ma nure improved yield attributes, grain and straw yields of wheat (Triicum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). Applica tion of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson] siliquae straw compost at 10 tonneslha yielded at par with 10 tonneslha FYM in wheat. Integration of compost or FYM at 10 tonneslha with 90 kg Nlha resulted maximum grain and straw yields of wheat. Significantly higher uptake of N and P in grain as well as straw was ob tained with the application of 90 kg N 10 tonnes mustard siliquae straw compost or FYMIha compared to other treatments. The:.ysages of mustard siliquae straw compost or FYM with or without fertilizer nitrogen in wheat en hanced succeeding mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) yield and N and P uptake over the control and 90 kg Nlha. Analysis of soil after harvesting the mungbean crop showed a significant build up of organic carbon and an increa se in available P in the plots treated with N and farmyard manure or mustard siliquae straw compost.
Effect of maize (Zea mays) based intercropping systems on maize yield and associated weeds under rainfed condition
Authors: I.B. BANDEY  , V. BHARATI  , S.S. MISHRA.
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999 at the research farm of Rajendra Ag ricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, to study the effect of maize (Zea mays L.) based intercropping systems on maize yield and associated weeds under rainfed condition. lntercropping systems reduced the values of yield at tributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernelslrow, grainslcob and grain yield was recorded only with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and forage meth [Phaseolus aconitifolius (Jacq) Marechal] intercropping systems. All intercropping systems re corded significantly higher maize equivalent yield, productivity (kglhdday) and significant reduction in weed popu lation and weed dry biomass than sole cropping of maize. Among the intercropping systems, maize turmeric showed significantly higher maize equivalent yield and productivity (kglhdday), however significantly lower values of these were associated with maize sesame. Maize forage meth recorded the lowest weed population, weed dry biomass and highest weed control efficiency. Highest weed population, weed dry biomass and lowest weed control efficiency were found with maize pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercropping system.
Effect of sowing dates and weed control methods on yield attributes and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: YOGENDRA KUMAR  , M.S. SHAKTAWAT  , SURENDRA SINGH  , GILL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur, to assess impact of advance sowing on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) productivity and to evolve efficient weed control system involving cultural, herbicidal and cultural herbicidal meth ods under each sowing time. Amongst yield components, sowing dates failed to bring about perceptible variation in pods setting index, kernel pod, shelling per cent and seed index, but number of pods and their weightiplant were significantly improved under advance planting on 1 June over the rest. The crop sown on 1 June recorded signifi cantly higher productivity in terms of pod, kernel and haulm yield (30.81, 20.38 and 48.78 qlha), representing in crease of 21 58, 25.88 and 21 50% and 40.23, 49.85 and 48.20% over 16 June and 1 July sowing respectively. Among the weed control methods, the adoption of cultural methods, i.e. 2 hoeings each at 21 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) as well as integrated method (pendimethalin hoeing) significantly improved the yield components over rest of the methods and weedy check. Two hoeings and pendimethalin hoeing recorded pod and kernel yield of 32.53, 32.14 and 21.62, 23.03 qlha compared to 12.53 and 7.28 qlha under unweeded conditions.
Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to split application of major nutrients
Authors: G. SRINIVASAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2000 and 2001, to evaluate the response of summer irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to time of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The total dry matter production at peak flowering stage and boll bursting stage and seed cotton yield were higher with the application of recommended level of fertilizers (60, 30 and 30 kg N, P and Ktha) by skipping basal and ap plying the same in 2 splits at 45 and 60 days after sowing. Extending nutrient application up to 60 days after sow ing resulted in increased uptake of nutrients at peak flowering and boll bursting stage of cotton.
Effect of phosphorus and farmyard manure on yield, yield attributes and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)
Authors: K.D. KHIR YA  , B.P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) season of 1996 97 and 1997 98 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study the effect of farmyard manure (0, 5, 10 and 15 tonnestha) and phosphorus (0, 20,40 and 60 kgtha) on 2 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) genotypes ( HM 65 and NLM ). Genotype NLM was significantly superior to HM 65 in terms of more number of branchestplant, podstplant and seedstpod. These yield attributes resulted in higher seed and straw yields of IVLM . However, non significant differences were observed for nutrient uptake between both the genotypes. Each successive dose of FYM up to 15 tonnestha sig nificantly increased the number of branches, podstplant, seedstpod, seed straw, and biological yields and nutrient uptake over their lower doses. Increasing levels of phosphorus up to 40 kg P,O,/ha significantly increased the yield attributing characters, seed yield and quality parameters of fenugreek.
Effect of row spacing and cutting management in guinea grass (Panicum maximum) for fodder cum seed purpose
Authors: S. PURUSHOTHAMI  , R. SIDDARAJU
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1999 and 2000 at Zonal Agricultural Research Stc tion, Konehally, Tiptur, to study the influence of 3 row spacings (30, 45 and 60 cm) and 4 cutting managements on guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under irrigation. PImong ?he growth parameters, the number of tillers/m row alone was significantly higher at wider spacings. The tillering was significantly profuse when the crop was cut for fodder cum seed purpose at later cuts than at first cut. The green fodder yield was significantly influenced by cutting management. However, the seed yield was not influenced significantly by row spacings and cutting man agement. The closer row spacing of 30 or 45 cm and managing the crop with fourth cut for fodder cum seed pur pose giving a green fodder yield of 55 58.5 tonnesfha and a seed yield of 105 1 15 kg/ha appeared optimum for PGG 51 8 guinea grass under irrigation.
Effect of biogas slurry and neem oil treated urea sources on rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: NARESH M. BHARDE  , Y.S. SHIVAY  , SURENDRA SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) and winter season (rabr) of 1999 2000 and 2000 2001 at New Delhi, to study the effect of biogass slurry (BGS) and neem oil treated urea sources on rice (Oryza sativa L.) wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori. Paol.) cropping system. Except plant height, all the growth and yield attributes of rice such as effective tillerslhill, panicle length, filled grainslpanicle and 1,000 grain weight differed significantly due to different sources of N and their combinations with biogas slurry (BGS). Pusa neem micro emul sion urea 120 (PNME,,,) alone or with BGS in 70:30 gave the significantly higher grain yield of rice compared to prilled urea 120 (PU,,,), BGS,,, and Pusa neem golden urea 120 (PNGU,,,).The PNME,,, also recorded significantly higher apparent N recovery (59.3%) and agronomic efficiency (28.7 kg grainlkg N) compared to rest of sources and their combinations. Also, significantly more total N, P, K uptake was,associated with PNME,,,. Direct application of 60 kg Nlha to wheat significantly increased (16.6%) its grain yield over no nitrogen. Inorganic fertilizers applied to rice did not show significant influence on succeeding wheat crop. Biogas slurry resulted in the higher grain yield (3.97 tonnesl ha) than the control (3.14 tonneslha), prilled urea Q 120 kg Nlha (3.18 tonneslha), Pusa neem golden urea (3.37 tonneslha) and PNME (3.54 tonneslha). However, Pusa neem micro emulsion urea significantly differed with the control, but not with rest of the sources. The PNGU,,, BGS,,, in 50 : 50 ratio resulted in higher grain yield (3.78 tonneslha) than (prilled urea biogas slurry),,, in 70 : 30 ratio, however it remained statistically at par with other com binations.
Integrated nutrient management for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) cropping sequence under rainfed Entisol
Authors: P. PARASURAMAN  , A.K. MAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1999 and 2000 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient manage ment with 4 levels of N and 3 integrating factors (bio fertilizer, enriched farmyard manure and composted coirpith) for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.] cropping sequence under rainfed condition in a red loamy sand soil. The use of composted coirpith provided better nutritional environment in the soil for groundnut and also the residual horsegram crop. The 75 and 100% soil test based levels of N along with composted coirpith rated better, accounting for higher yields in both the crops. The uptake also was more with IV level of 75% and beyond, irrespective of the integrating factors. . .. Key words : Integrated nutrient management, Soil test based N, Composted Groundnut horsegram, coirpith, Biofertilizer, Enriched FYM
Efficacy of biofertilizers with nitrogen levels on growth, productivity and economics in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: A.K. BARK  , A. GOSWAMI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabi) of 1998 99 and 1999 2000 at Sriniketan, to study the effect of biofertilizers with nitrogen levels on growth, productivity and economics of wheat (Triticurn aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). Seed inoculation by Azospirillurn brasilense or Azotobacter chroococcurn strains with nitrogen levels significantly influenced the growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of wheat. Use of 75% recommeded dose of N along with azospirillum or azotobacter seed inoculation showed at par results when com paredwith 100% recommended nitrogen (1 00 kglha) towards growth attributes (plant height and leaf area index), yield attributes (effective tillers/m2, ear length and grainslear) and yield but slightly higher net return and benefit : cost ratio were achieved from 100% recommended dose of N. In red and lateritic soils, seed inoculation with Azospirillum or Azotobacter strains supplemented 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen (25 kg Nlha) in wheat which reduced the use of inorganic fertilizers with a view to attain an eco friendly environment.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen level on yield, nutrient uptake and water use of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: S.S. PARIHAR  , R.B.TIWARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabo seasons of 1996 97 to 1998 99 at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, to study the yield, water use and nutrient uptake of wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) as affected by varieties, irrigation and nitrogen level under late sown conditions. Among the varieties, DL 788 2 and DL 803 3 were superior to GW 190 and GW 173 . Irrigation applied at 1.2 IW : CPE ratio gave significantb higher grain yield than 0.6 and 0.9 ratios. Application of 120 kg Nlha gave higher yield and yield attributes than 80 kg Nlha. Total nutrient uptake was positively influenced by irrigation and N levels. Total water use was lowest (29.60 cm), while water use efficiency was highest with 0.6 IW : CPE.The WUE decreased with the increase in fre quency of irrigation. The moisture depletion from upper soil layers (0 60 cm) was higher than lower layers (60 90 cm). However, total profile moisture contribution was highest with limited water supply (0.6 IW : CPE) and de creased with the increase in number of irrigation. Canopy temperature was comparatively low than ambient tem perature under higher moisture (1.2 or 0.911.2 IW : CPE) than lower moisture regime (0.6 IW : CPE).
Effect of alley cropping on light transmission ratio, growth and yield of winter , sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under semi arid environment
Authors: S.B. DEVARANAVADGI  , C.S. HUNASHAL  , M.B. PATIL  , H. VENKATESH  , S.Y. WALI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1997 98 and 1998 99 to study light relations and its effect on perfor mance of winter sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as influenced by different hedge row species. Among the hedge row species, Gliricidia sepium allowed the maximum light with highest light transmission ratio (at 30 DAS 78.60% at 60 DAS 91.85% and at 90 DAS 85%). G. sepium gave maximum green biomass yield (4.299 tonnest ha) in addition to maximum grain yield (1.101 tonnestha), possibly mainly owing to erect growth behaviour of G. sepium. The results indicated that in semi arid environment G. sepium winter sorghum alley cropping system was promising owing to its better light relations in the system.
Integrated weed management in irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: YOGENDRA KUMAR  , SURENDRA SINGH  , O.P. GILL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1994, 1995 and 1996 under irrigated conditions on integrated weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on loamy sand soils of Durgapura, Rajasthan. Pre emergence application of both the herbicides pendimethalin and metolachlor Q 1.0 kg a.i./ha with 2 intercultivations at 30 an 45 days after sowing (DAS) effectively controlled the dry matter accumula tion in weed compared with the unweeded, farmers practices and sole application of these herbicides but at par with 2 hoeings and pre emergence application of both the herbicides pendimethalin and metolachlor 1.0 kglha with 1 hand weeding at 30 DAS interculture at 30 and 45 DAS.Among the weed control methods tried, weed free check, both the herbicides pendimethalin and metolachlor Q 1.0 kg a.i./ha 2 intercultivations with and without 1 hand weeding had a pronounced effect on the yield attributes, yields and net returns as compared to unweeded crop.
Effect of trash mulching and nitrogen application on growth and yield of sugarcane ratoon
Authors: N.S. RANA  , A.K. SINGH  , SANJAY KLIMAR  , SANDEEP KLIMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, during 1995 98, to study the effect of mulching (no mulch and trash mulch Q 6 tonneslha) and nitrogen doses (0, 75, 112.5, 150 and 187.5 kg Nlha) on growth and yield of sugarcane ratoon un der foot hill conditions of Uttaranchal. Trash mulching Q 6 tonneslha led to marginal improvement in shoot popu lation, shoot height, shoot dry matter, cane length, cane girth and cane yield over no mulching. Individual cane weight exhibited significant increase with trash mulching (767 g) compared with no mulch (740 g) during 1996 97. Respective increase during 1997 98 was from 724 to 751 g. Improvement in yield attributes resulted in 3.2 and 5.8% increase in cane yield during the 2 seasons. All the growth parameters and yield attributes exhibited an in creasing trend with increasing N level up to 187.5 kglha. Crop fertilized with 187.5 kg Nlha gave 4.5, 13.4, 21.0 and 43.1 % more cane yield than that of 150, 1 12.5, 75 and 0 kg Nlha respectively.
Integrated weed management in chilli (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: H.D. RAJPUT  , K. SINGH  , H.S. KUSHWHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1998 99 and 1999 2000 to study the effect of herbicides (alachlor and fluchloralin) alone and in combination with hand weeding (45 days after transplanting) on weeds and growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The major weed flora recorded in the experiment field comprised Cyperus rotundus, Celosia argentea, Launea splinifolia and Euphorbia hirta. All the treatments signifi cantly reduced the weed population and their dry weight. Significanlty lowest weed dry weight and maximum weed control efficiency were recorded with application of fluchloralin 2.0 kgtha hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting. Maximum plant height, length, diameter, weight and yield of fruit were obtained with weed free treat ment, followed by fluchloralin 2.0 kg hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting. But highest net returns and maximum returnstrupee invested were noted with fluchloralin 2 kglha hand weeding at 45 days after transplant ing.
Integrated weed management in capsicum (Capsicum annuum) under mid hill conditions of north western Himalayas
Authors: VED PRAKASH  , A.K. PANDEY  , R.D. SlNGH  , H.S. GUPTA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Hawalbagh, Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, during 1997 and 1998, to evaluate the efficacy of integrated weed control method in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). All the weed control treatments except pendimethalin at 1.0 kglha and fluchloralin at 1.0 or 2.0 kglha significantly reduced weed density and weed biomass which in turn increased yield significantly compared with weedy check in both the years. The highest fruit yield of 201.3 q/ha was recorded un der repeated weeding. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of alachlor at 3.0 kg/ha, followed by hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting proved the best in terms of yield (168.5 q/ha), net returns (Rs 73,326/ha), the lowest weed index (1 6.2) and the highest weed control efficiency.
Response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) inter cropping system to planting pattern and phosphorus management
Authors: H.S. JAT  , I.P.S. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during the rainy season of 2000 and 2001, to study the effect of planting pattern and P fertilizer management in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping system. Planting patterns failed to affect the growth and yield attributes, protein content and yield of pigeonpea. Groundnut in all the intercropping treatments being at par recorded significantly lower yield attributes (except 1,000 seed weight) and yield compared with sole groundnut. Pigeonpea groundnut inter cropping in various planting patterns being at par recorded significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (PEY) and P uptake than sole pigeonpea. Both pigeonpea and groundnut in sole and intercropping systems responded favourably up to 40 kg P,O ha only for growth and yield attributes (except 1,000 seed weight and harvest index), protein content, yield, PEY and P uptake over no phosphorus.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on productivity and nitrogen balance in soil in gobhi sarson (Brassica napus) based crop sequences
Authors: K.S.THAKUR  , ANlL KUMAR  , SANDEEP MANUJA P
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1997 98 to 1999 2000 at the Oilseeds Research Station, Kangra, con sisting of 4 rainy season crops, viz. maize (Zea mays L.), dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata Pers.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.), followed by gobhi sarson (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera var annua) at 5 levels of N (0,40,80,120 and 160 kg Nlha). Dhaincha gobhi sarson sequence showed the maximum N balance in soil at all levels of N application. This was followed by soybean gobhi sarson, blackgram gobhi sarson and maize gobhi sarson where positive N balance was observed at 40 1 60 kg Nlha. The balance sheet of N showed that there was gain of N in soybean gobhisarson and blackgram gobhisarson sequences, whereas it was negative in dhaincha gobhi sarson and maize gobhi sarson sequences. The gain of N in balance sheet was higher at lower levels of N application. The maximum grain yield of gobhi sarson was obtained in dhaincha gobhi sarson sequence. The yield in dhainch gobhi sarson at 40 kg Nlha, blackgram gobhi sarson at 80 kg Nlha and maize gobhi sarson at 120 kg Nlha also remained at par with one another.
Response of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) to row spacing cum population densities and levels of nitrogen and irrigation in north western Rajasthan
Authors: VED SINGH  , S.R. BHUNIA  , R.P.S. CHAUHAN
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was conducted during the winter (rabr) season of 1998 99 and 1999 2000, to find out the optimum row spacing cum population density, nitrogen and irrigation level requirement for late sown wheat (Trii cum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). Narrow row spacing of 15 cm using 205 kg seedha resulted in significant higher grain yield (29.9 and 27.9 qlha) compared with normally used spacing of 22 cm with 140 kg seedha. Sig nificant increase in yield was recorded up to 150 kg Nlha and it did not differ significantly with that obtained with 180 kg Nlha. Irrigations at IW : CPE 0.8 with each irrigation of 6.0 cm, recorded significantly higher grain yield (29.5 and 27.6 qlha) than that of irrigation at IW : CPE 0.6, but it was at par with that of irrigation at IW : CPE 1 .O. Similarly, 150 or,180 kg Nlha recorded higher water use efficiency (8.5 and 7.7 kglha mm). Increase in irrigation levels decreased water use efficiency. The highest water use efficiency of 76.4 and 66.9 kg grainlha cm during 1998 99 and 1999 2000, respectively, was recorded with narrow spacing. Narrow row spacing recorded higher net return (Rs 11,729 and 101 56)lha and benefit : cost ratio (2.2 and 2.0). Nitrogen levels of 150 kglha gave the highest net return (Rs 12, 203 and 10,678) and benefit : cost ratio followed by 180 kg and 120 kg Ntha. The high est net return and benefit : cost ratio were obtained with 6 cm irrigations applied at IW : CPE ratio 1.0 and IW : CPE ratio 0.8 in 1998 99 and 1999 2000, respectively, schedule for a wheat after a 10 cm pre sowing irrigation. Inter action effect of spacing and nitrogen, nitrogen and irrigation and spacing and irrigation had significant effect on grain yield in both the years.
Effect of cutting management and nitrogen levels on biomass and proximate quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in saline soil
Authors: R.K.YADAV  , ASHOK KUMAR  , D. LAL t
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) seasons of 1997 1998 to 1999 2000 on an alluvial loamy sand saline soil at Hisar, to find out the effect of cutting management and nitrogen levels on biomass prc duction and proximate quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Dry forage yield of barley was 6.3% higher when harvested once at 50% heading compared with 2 cuttings at 60 days of growth and 50% heading. The total biom ass was 3.8% higher when harvested for grain purpose compared to the treatment in which the crop was first har vested for forage at 60 days and subsequently left for grain purpose. However, no significant differences were ob served in the yield equivalents of barley grown for grain purpose or green forage and grain. Application of N signifi cantly increased the yield from 22.5 q/ha with 60 kg Nlha to 29.3 qlha with 80 kg Nlha. The protein and mineral matter contents were higher in grains (9.2 and 4.7%) and fodder (5.3 and 10.3%) harvested at the early stages than 9.0 and 4.6% in grain and 4.9 and 9.8% in fodder at the late stage. However, the fibre and lignin contents were more in fodder harvested at later stages. With increasing levels of N application, the mineral matter remained unaffected, while the crude protein and lignin contents increased and fibre decreased in both fodder as well as grain.
Effect of hybrid and plant density on grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: HUSEYIN GOZUBENLI  , OKAN SENER  , OMER KONUSKAN  , MEHMET KII INC
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out to find out optimum plant densities for maize (Zea mays L.), hybrids mostly cultivated as a second crop in Hatay, Turkey, during 2000 and 2001. Five maize hybrids [ Cargill 6127, Dekalb 626, Dracma ( Novartis ), Pioneer 3394 and Ttm 8151 were examined at 6 plant densities [50,000, 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000 and 100,000 plantslha]. The effects of hybrids and plant densities on yield and yield components were sta tistically significant, however, hybrid x plant density interaction effects were not significant. The highest grain yield was obtained from Dracma and P 3394 hybrids (9,591 kg/ha and 9,170 kglha respectively). Grain yield increased with increasing plant densities up to 90,000 plantslha (9,406 kglha) but slightly decreased at 100,000 plantslha.
Influence of different nutrients on growth and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: SHAMIMA NASREEN  , A.T. M. FARID
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out in Grey Terrace soil (Albaquept) at the Gazipur, Bangladesh, during the win ter (rabr) seasons of 2000 2001 and 2001 2002, to find out the proper combination of fertilizer nutrients that pro motes better yield of BARI Motorsuti 1 garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). Yield and yield components of garden pea varied significantly due to variation of nutrients. Significantly highest yield and yield attributes were recorded under treatment N, P, K, S, Mo, 6, (kg/ha), followed by N,, P,, K, S,, Mo, B, Zn,, N, P, K4, S,, Mo, and N, P,, K4, S,, treatments. Germination (%), seedling length, dry weight of seedling and vigour index were also more when the crop was raised from these 4 treatments over the control. Treatments N, P,, K4, S,, Mo,, N, P, K,, S,, Mo,B, and N, P, K4, S,, Mo, B, Zn, (kg/ha) were not economical because of their higher cost investment. However, applica tion of N, P, K, S,, kglha would be economically profitable for enhancing growth parameters and yield of garden pea.
Effect of conjunctive use of phosphorus and bio organics on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: A.S. PANWAR  , N.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2000 and 2001, to study the effect of conjunctive use of phosphorus and bio organics on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Application of 60 kg P,O,/ha markedly influenced the growth and yield attributes resulting in significant increase of pod yield by 14.01% over the control. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium or phosphorus solubilizing micro organism (PSM) marginally improved yield, but their combined use increased pod yield significantly. Both the organics, i.e. FYM and need cake, significantly in creased the pod and haulm yields, but when half quantity of these organics were integrated with Rhizobium and PSM, the highest pod yield of 31.80 qtha with FYM 5 tonnestha Rhizobium PSM was obtained. Neem cake 1.5 tonneslha in the presence of same biofertilizers was next to it.
Response of mustard (Brassica juncea) to nitrogen and sulphur under dryland conditions
Authors: K.S. RANA  , D.S. RANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2000 2001 and 2001 2002 to study the response of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj Cosson] cv. Pusa Barani to nitrogen and sulphur levels. Applica tion of 60 kg Nfha and 40 kg S/ha significantly increased the seed yield with concomitant increase in yield at tributes.The per cent increase in seed yield at 60 kg Nfha over 40, 20 and the control was 12.6, 23.8 and 79.8 and at 40 kg Sfha over 20 and control was 12.7 and 32.5 respectively. Each higher level of nitrogen and sulphur appre ciably improved the growth and yield attributes (brancheslplant, siliquaefplant, seed yieldfplant, 1,000 seed weight and harvest index. The seed yield response to tested levels of N and S was found quadratic. Based on response equation optimum dose of N and S for Indian mustard cv. Pusa Barani was found to be 70.8 and 51 kglha, respec tively. The uptake of N and S increased sign icantly up to 80 and 40 kg Nfha, respectively, while sulphur applica tion resulted.in marked increase in N and S uptake only up to 40 kg Sfha. Maximum net returnsfha was recorded with 80 kg N (Rs 10,538fha) and 60 kg Slha (Rs 9,176fha).
Effect of alley cropping of castor (Ricinus communis) and integrated nutrient management practices on productivity status of soil under SAT regions
Authors: K.P. VANI  , G. BHEEMAIAH
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during 1996 and 1997 to find out the changes in productivity status of soil due to alley cropping of castor (Ricinus communis L.) and integrated nutrient management practices at Hyderabad. Physical properties of soil like field capacity (1 8.1 and 19.9%) and infiltration rate (7 and 7.2 cm/hr) improved, while the bulk density (1.49 and 1.29 mg/m3) decreased due to alley cropping in both the years over sole cropping of castor. Ap plication of green leaf manures of trees also increased the field capacity and infiltration rate and reduced the soil compaction when compared with no green leaf manuring. Leucaena green leaf manuring produced pronounced effect of increasing field capacity (18.9 and 21.2%) and infiltration rate of the soil (7.5 and 8.6 crnlhr) but reduced the bulk density (1.48 and 1.24 mg/m3) specially under alley cropping with Dalbergia. Field analysis of soil samples seasonally for chemical properties indicated that available N, organic carbon, total nitrogen and C : N ratio were found optimum under alley cropping with green leaf manuring 90 days after sowing (DAS) with gradual increase from 30 DAS. Incubation studies at different periods also showed that the soil fertility started building up from initial stages of incubation both under alley cropping and green leaf manuring. However, the soil productivity in terms of available nitrogen, organic carbon, total nitrogen and C : N ratio was found better at 75 days after incubation (DAl) in alley cropping and green leaf manuring as well.