bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Lingkar Leher dan Indeks Massa Tubuh terhadap Body Fat pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Pamungkas Rafli Yuda , Sekarhandini Pitra , Moelyo Annang Giri
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang. Pengukuran antropometri yang umum digunakan untuk menilai obesitas adalah Indeks Massa Tubuh Namun, pengukuran menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan, yakni tidak mampu menunjukkan perbedaan antara massa otot dan lemak. Pengukuran juga tidak bisa memberikan informasi mengenai distribusi lemak tubuh. Metode pengukuran alternatif yakni lingkar leher. Hasil pengukuran lingkar leher dapat menjadi indikator terhadap penumpukan lemak subkutaneus tubuh bagian atas sehingga berguna dalam mengidentifikasi anak dengan obesitas. Tujuan. Mengetahui perbandingan lingkar leher dan indeks massa tubuh terhadap body fat pada siswa sekolah dasar.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik cross-sectional dengan sampel siswa tingkat sekolah dasar kelas 4-6 Sekolah Dasar Al-Islam 2 Jamsaren Surakarta. Data didapatkan dari hasil pengukuran lingkar leher, berat badan, tinggi badan, dan persentase body fat. Teknik analisis dengan uji analisis Spearman dan uji multivariat regresi linier berganda.Hasil. Hasil uji bivariat yang signifikan (p<0,005) didapatkan pada uji Spearman baik lingkar leher dengan body fat, maupun Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan body fat.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara lingkar leher dan body fat, maupun Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan body fat. Secara simultan Indeks Massa Tubuh berpengaruh lebih besar terhadap peningkatan body fat dibandingkan lingkar leher.
Pengaruh Palliative Care pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Asianotik dengan Kualitas Hidup
Authors: Permatasari Sylva Medika , Artiko Bagus , Soebagyo Bambang
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang. Penyakit jantung bawaan dapat menjadi kondisi kronis yang berdampak pada fisik, emosional, dan psikososial pasien. Perawatan paliatif merupakan bagian integral dari layanan kesehatan berbasis komunitas yang komprehensif. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perawatan paliatif memengaruhi kualitas hidup pada pasien Penyakit Jantung Bawaan.Metode. Uji coba terkontrol secara acak ini berlangsung selama periode tiga bulan pada 31 pasien kelompok intervensi dan 32 kelompok kontrol. Perawatan paliatif diberikan kepada pasien Defek septum atrium (atrial septal defect, ASD), Defek septum ventrikel (ventricular septal defect, VSD), atau Duktus arteriosus paten (patent ductus arteriosus, PDA) yang menjalani perawatan di Bagian Pediatri Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.Hasil. Uji beda berpasangan menunjukkan effect sixe yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok intervensi (0,899; p<0,001) dibandingkan kontrol (0,846; p<0,001). Nilai size effect pada kelompok intervensi untuk pasien 8-17, 5-7, 2-4, dan 0-2 tahun berturut turut 0,912 (p<0,001), 0,979 (p<0,001), 0,877 (p<0,001), dan 0,966 ( p<0,001). Sementara effect size pada kelompok kontrol berturut-turut sebesar 0,845 (p<0.001), 0,940 (p<0.001), 0,874 (p<0,001), dan 0,902 (p<0,001).Kesimpulan. Perawatan paliatif berdampak positif terhadap kualitas hidup pasien Penyakit Jantung Bawaan asianotik di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi.
Hubungan Perawakan Pendek dengan Obesitas pada Remaja Akhir di Kecamatan Jatinangor
Authors: Nuraisyah Salwa Mazaya , Hafsah Tisnasari , Luftimas Dimas Erlangga , Andriana Novina , Dewi Mia Milanti , Sujatmiko Budi
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang. Obesitas merupakan masalah yang harus menjadi perhatian pada remaja akhir. Obesitas memiliki berbagai dampak terhadap aspek kesehatan, psikologis dan sosial. Salah satu faktor resiko obesitas adalah perawakan pendek, namun hingga saat ini hubungannya masih belum diketahui secara jelas khususnya pada kelompok remaja akhir.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan perawakan pendek dengan obesitas pada remaja akhir di Kecamatan Jatinangor.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang secara luring dari bulan Agustus-September 2022 di 4 sekolah tingkat SMA dan sederajat di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Variabel independen adalah tinggi badan, karakteristik subjek, pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Variabel dependen adalah obesitas, yang ditetapkan berdasarkan nilai Z-score IMT/U>2 deviasi standar. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, fisher exact dan korelasi spearman. Nilai p dianggap bermakna apabila p<0,05.Hasil. Penelitian melibatkan 208 subjek, 27(13%) subjek memiliki perawakan pendek dan 21(10,1%) subjek mengalami obesitas. Analisis bivariat menunjukan tidak terdapat hubungan antara perawakan pendek dan obesitas (p=0,323), namun demikian terdapat korelasi positif tinggi badan dengan IMT (p=0,021, r=0,159). Variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan obesitas pada remaja akhir adalah aktivitas fisik (p=0,017).Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pada remaja akhir perawakan pendek tidak berhubungan dengan obesitas. Faktor yang mempengaruhi obesitas pada remaja akhir adalah aktivitas fisik.
Effectiveness of a Clinical Pathway for Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgical Operation on Clinical Outcomes and Costs
Authors: Park Jeong Hyun , Kang Danbee , Nam Seok Jin , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Seok Won , Yu Jonghan , Chae Byung Joo , Lee Se Kyung , Ryu Jai Min , Park Yeon Hee , Lee Mangyeong , Cho Juhee
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing a clinical pathways (CPs) on the clinical outcomes and costs of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were newly diagnosed with primary breast cancer at the Samsung Medical Center between 2014 and 2019 (N=8482; 2931 patients in the pre-path and 5551 patients in the postpath). Clinical outcomes included reoperation during hospitalization, readmission, and emergency room visits within 30 days of discharge. The cost data for each unit were obtained from an activity-based management accounting system. We performed an interrupted time series analysis.Results: The post-path period showed a significantly shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) than the pre-path period (6.3 days in pre-path vs. 5.0 days in post-path; -1.3 days’ difference; p=.001), and fewer reoperations during hospitalization and within 30 days after discharge than the pre-path period. After adjusting for inflation rates and relative value scores, the model demonstrated savings of $146 per patient in the post-path for total costs, and $537 per patient for patient out-of-pocket costs (p=.001).Conclusion: CPs can help reduce costs without compromising the quality of care by reducing the number of reoperations, readmissions, and complications.
Grammatische Merkmale der deutschen und arabischen Rechtssprache – eine kontrastive Studie am Beispiel der verwaltungsgerichtlichen Urteile in Deutschland und Ägypten
Authors: Shemy Amany
Published: July 2024

Die vorliegende kontrastive Arbeit befasst sich mit der Grammatik der Rechtssprache in deutschen und arabischen verwaltungsgerichtlichen Urteilen. Anhand einer Auswahl aktueller Urteile von mehreren Verwaltungsgerichten in Deutschland und Ägypten werden Satzarten, Gebrauch des Verbs sowie auch Kondensationsformen wie z.B. Nominalisierung und Attributivreihungen untersucht. Aus der Untersuchung ergibt sich eine Reihe von bemerkenswerten Paralleltendenzen in beiden Rechtssystemen. Es dominieren lange hypotaktische Satzkonstruktionen, die meist schwer überschaubar sind. Die Komplexität in der Satzstruktur ist jedoch nicht in allen Teilen der verwaltungsgerichtlichen Urteile in den beiden Sprachen gleich. Gemeinsam ist den beiden Rechtssprachen ebenso die Tendenz zum komprierten Stil. In den Satzkonstruktionen werden oft viele komplexe Nominalformen eingebettet, die zur Ersetzung von Nebensätzen dienen. Die beiden Rechtssprachen unterscheiden sich aber im Hinblick auf den Gebrauch der Konnektoren, der Aktiv-/Passivformen und Modalitätsausdrücke sowie auch der Zeitformen.
Forced sterilization in the state of California from 1909 to 1979: A historical and legal analysis
Authors: Jabłoński Krystian
Published: July 2024

This historical and legal analysis examines the phenomenon of forced sterilization in California between 1909 and 1979, a period marked by the implementation of eugenic policies aimed at improving the genetic composition of the population. Through a detailed examination of the legal frameworks, key court cases, and the socio-political context, this study reveals how eugenic ideology gained acceptance, which led to the sterilization of thousands of individuals under the guise of societal betterment. The analysis delves into the ethical, legal, and historical dimensions of these practices and it highlights the role of California as a focal point in the broader national and international discourse on eugenics and human rights. The gradual rejection of eugenic ideology as well as the shift towards recognizing and compensating victims reflect a critical reassessment of the past injustices and underscore the importance of ethical considerations in medical and legal practices.
Threats to Political Information Environment and Democracy: Polish Politicians’ Perceptions
Authors: Stępińska Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

The current political information environment (PIE) is in flux undergoing a series of well documented changes. These changes may affect the conditions for a healthy democracy being oftentimes associated with a growing number of uninformed, selectively informed, or even misinformed citizens. While each of these specific changes has received a lot of individual attention, less is known about the perceptions held by political elites towards the threats and opportunities associated with the PIE. This qualitative study examines the main concerns, challenges, and threats that representatives of political elites perceive with regards to the current political information environment. The analyses are based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted with politicians in Poland. The investigation revealed some shared perceptions among politicians across ideological orientations on challenges related to the current developments in the media, as well as differences in perceptions on their causes and potential solutions.
Oral administration of encapsulated catechin in chitosan‐alginate nanoparticles improves cognitive function and neurodegeneration in an aluminum chloride‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mohammadbaghban Elnaz , Taravati Ali , Najafzadehvarzi Hossein , Khaleghzadeh‐Ahangar Hossein , Tohidi Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of catechin‐loaded Chitosan‐Alginate nanoparticles (NPs) on cognitive function in an aluminum chloride (AlCl3)‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Catechin‐loaded Chitosan‐Alginate nanocarriers were synthesized through ionotropic gelation (IG) method. Physio‐chemical characterization was conducted with the Zetasizer Nano system, the scanning electron microscope, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were performed over 21 days on six groups of male Wistar rats. The control group, AlCl3 treated group, Catechin group, nanocarrier group, treatment group 1 (AlCl3 + Catechin), and treatment group 2 (AlCl3 + nanocarrier). A behavioral study was done by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. In addition, the level of oxidative indices and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was determined by standard procedures at the end of the study. AlCl3 induced a significant increase in AChE activity, along with a significant decrease in the level of Catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus. Moreover, the significant effect of AlCl3 was observed on the behavioral parameters of the MWM test. Both forms of Catechin markedly improved AChE activity, oxidative biomarkers, spatial memory, and learning. The present study indicated that the administration of Catechin‐loaded Chitosan‐Alginate NPs is a beneficial therapeutic option against behavioral and chemical alteration of AD in male Wistar rats.
Thesen zur Zukunft des wissenschaftsgeleiteten Open-Access-Publizierens – Entwicklung und Diskussion in einem partizipativen Prozess
Authors: Pampel Heinz , Bargheer Margo , Bertelmann Roland , Kaden Ben , Kindling Maxi , Schobert Dagmar , Wrzesinski Marcel
Published: July 2024

Die Diskussion über die weitere Gestaltung der Open-Access-Transformation erhielt durch die Schlussfolgerungen des Papiers „Wege des hochwertigen, transparenten, offenen, vertrauenswürdigen und fairen wissenschaftlichen Publizierens“ des Rats der Europäischen Union aus dem Mai 2023 eine neue Dynamik. Der Rat betont die Notwendigkeit von gemeinnützigen, wissenschaftsgeleiteten Open-Access-Publikationsmodellen. Als Beitrag zur Diskussion zum Thema wurden zur Satelliten-Konferenz „Wissenschaftsgeleitetes Open-Access-Publizieren“ am Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (IBI) der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin am 26.09.2023 „Thesen zur Zukunft des wissenschaftsgeleiteten Open-Access-Publizierens“ erarbeitet. Die Veranstaltung begleitete die Open-Access-Tage 2023, die an der Freien Universität Berlin stattfanden. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Thesen vorgestellt und deren Entstehungs- und Diskussionsprozess beschrieben. Die zehn Thesen sind als Impuls für die Weiterentwicklung der Open-Access-Transformation zu verstehen.
Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
Authors: Yaqoob Nazia , Rehman Saima , Shafiq Nusrat , Mohsin Muhammad , Akbar Aleena , Ibenmoussa Samir , Wondmie Gezahign Fentahun , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: July 2024

This study aims to formulate and optimize Moringa oleifera (Moringa) oil oleogels using pectin (PC) and chitosan (CS) as gelling agents. These include monogelator oleogels, utilizing either PC or CS as a single gelling agent, and binary gelator oleogels, incorporating a combination of both PC and CS. Among the binary gelator oleogel compositions, the most stable oleogel OPCCS2 was further studied with the addition of antioxidants. The important antioxidant compounds of gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/Moringa antioxidant extracts (MAEs) were quantified by the use of various assays. The oil-binding capacity (OBC) of the most stable oleogel MCPC1.5% was 99.94 ± 0.05. The lower peroxide value of antioxidant-rich oleogels at 1.5% concentration of GAEs (4.34 ± 0.025) and MAEs (4.32 ± 0.03) suggested its richness of phenols to retard the lipid peroxidation of oil. The opaque appearances of the formulations were studied via polarizing light microscopy. The molecular interaction study through FTIR analysis revealed the hydrogen bond interactions between the carboxyl groups of fatty acids and hydroxyl groups of polysaccharide chains. The differential scanning calorimeter analysis further confirmed the presence of strong interactions between polysaccharide chains and the oil phase. These findings indicate that the optimized oleogel formulations have the potential for imminent advances by exhibiting improved texture, biocompatibility, enhanced OBC, and stability.
Estimation of the settlement of pile head using ANN and multivariate linear regression based on the results of load transfer method
Authors: Al-Awad Khabeer , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Al-Zuheriy Ahmed Sh. J.
Published: July 2024

Artificial neural networks, machine learning, and data preparation are normally implemented in a wide range of real-world problems, especially in geotechnical applications with optimistic prospects of accurate procedure outcomes. This technique has been utilized to precisely predict the top settlement of piles with various piles and soil parameters. Generally, the pile settlement is an essential requirement to produce a secure structure and has high-performance services. The current article presents the fitting of the artificial neural network (ANN) outcomes by calculating the coefficient of correlation R
2 between the predicted and the measured or calculated value of pile settlement. The ANN algorithm is developed using Python 3.9 IDLE and open-source libraries such as Keras, sklearn, Numpy, matplotlib, pandas, and Tensorflow. Because of random training and test performance, the model has been run at least ten times. The ANN model score and R
2 are compared for all runs in the testing phase. The higher score and R
2 values are chosen. Moreover, the Multivariate Linear Regression with the sklearn library is also offered in this article and utilized to produce a pile settlement formula by applying the same dataset used in ANN. The score and R
2 for choosing the first run of the ANN are 99.95% and 0.9631, respectively, while the correlation coefficient for the Multivariate Linear Regression in the training and testing phases is 0.972 and 0.919, respectively. Both techniques illustrate considerable results.
A National Disaster Medicine Quality Management Tool in an International Context – A Theoretical Study
Authors: Berthold Theresa , Zill Marcel , Alpers Birgitt , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten , Wnent Jan
Published: July 2024

The impact of disasters is changing, with disaster events becoming more complex and often affecting multiple countries simultaneously. Despite this, quality management systems have not yet been established in the field of disaster medicine. The German research project QUARZ-SAND, developed a national disaster medicine quality management system and an online registry. This theoretical study ascertains the current state of quality management in disaster medicine and compares existing initiatives to QUARZ-SAND and highlights advantages and synergies in the pooling of incident data, in view of improving resilience to national and transboundary disaster events. A systematic literature research was conducted on December 18, 2020 in the databases PubMed and LIVIVO. Existing disaster medicine quality management tools were identified and compared with QUARZ-SAND. It was determined that a lot of effort is still needed to get to an internationally accepted common standard and a tool such as a registry for evaluating medical disaster responses. A first step toward the establishment of a registry is the development of a standardized data set.
Modeling Spontaneous Volunteers in Cross-Border Crisis Scenarios
Authors: Schulte Yannic , van der Heyde Miriam , Wiens Marcus , Fiedrich Frank , Schultmann Frank
Published: July 2024

The rise of social media has led to a new degree of spontaneous volunteering in the aftermath of disasters, even in border areas. However, spontaneous volunteering across national borders creates further obstacles that need to be addressed and prepared for. This paper introduces an agent-based simulation to examine coordination procedures of spontaneous volunteers in crisis scenarios, particularly the specifics of travel restrictions imposed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, research is conducted on the effects of insufficient or delayed coordination of the population’s offer of voluntary help, which reduces the motivation of volunteers and leads to missed request for help.8. The results show that coordination of spontaneous volunteers is a key factor for helping the affected population, especially in a pandemic, where the possibilities to help are limited. These results are discussed with regard to costs that need to be considered in order to establish coordination, as well as health issues and motivation of spontaneous volunteers in different coordination scenarios.
The Public-Private Divide in the Age of Identity Politics
Authors: Cohen-Eliya Moshe
Published: July 2024

This article examines the impact of identity politics on the traditional liberal distinction between public and private spheres, arguing that critical theories associated with identity politics have significantly blurred these boundaries. This blurring is largely due to the portrayal of equality as a non-negotiable value by proponents of identity politics, who are prepared to limit fundamental freedoms to uphold it. Utilizing Francis Fukuyama’s distinction between “lived experience” and “shared experience,” the article proposes a reinterpretation of the anti-discrimination principle aimed at cultivating shared liberal citizenship. It scrutinizes decisions by Supreme Courts around the globe concerning the denial of wedding cake services to gay couples as a case study. These legal battles exemplify how cultural disputes are reshaping the public-private divide and highlight the need for principles that can justly reconcile freedom and equality in an era marked by intense cultural wars and deepening political division. The article suggests several principles that could assist courts in mitigating the political tensions inherent in cases fueled by cultural conflicts.
Separation Anxieties: A Comment on Weil’s Penalties for the Violation of Separation
Authors: Graber Mark A.
Published: July 2024

Professor Weil’s thesis seems largely correct with respect to the United States, whose law on religious establishment I regularly teach. Funding is central to American debates over religious establishment. The fight over religious establishments in Virginia, which inspired both James Madison’s “Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments” and Thomas Jefferson’s “An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom,” was over whether persons could be forced to pay taxes to support religious instruction. Financial concerns were at the root of church-state debates in the nineteenth century, when Protestants repeatedly rebuffed Catholics who wanted funding for Catholic private schools. Many state constitutions still have what are known as mini-Blaine Amendments that forbid public funding for religious institutions. Whether proponents of a strong separation between church and state in the United States are fighting the same battles as proponents of a strong separation of church and state in France is nevertheless problematic. The French revolutionaries had to subordinate a reactionary church. The American revolutionaries merely had to negotiate peace treaties among the different sects that supported the Declaration of Independence. Separation of church and state in the United States is best conceptualized as a division of labor among liberal institutions rather than a means for purging anti-liberal religion from the liberal public sphere.
On the 𝓐-generators of the polynomial algebra as a module over the Steenrod algebra, I
Authors: Tin Nguyen Khac , Dung Phan Phuong , Ly Hoang Nguyen
Published: July 2024

Let 𝓟
n
:= H
*((ℝP
∞)
n
) ≅ ℤ2[x
1, x
2, …, x

n
] be the graded polynomial algebra over ℤ2, where ℤ2 denotes the prime field of two elements. We investigate the Peterson hit problem for the polynomial algebra 𝓟
n
, viewed as a graded left module over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra, 𝓐. For n > 4, this problem is still unsolved, even in the case of n = 5 with the help of computers. In this article, we study the hit problem for the case n = 6 in the generic degree dr
= 6(2
r
− 1) + 4.2
r
with r an arbitrary non-negative integer. By considering ℤ2 as a trivial 𝓐-module, then the hit problem is equivalent to the problem of finding a basis of ℤ2-vector space ℤ2 ⊗𝓐𝓟
n
. The main goal of the current article is to explicitly determine an admissible monomial basis of the ℤ2 vector space ℤ2 ⊗𝓐𝓟6 in some degrees. As an application, the behavior of the sixth Singer algebraic transfer in the degree 6(2
r
− 1) + 4.2
r
is also discussed at the end of this paper.
A bivariate distribution with generalized exponential conditionals
Authors: Popović Božidar V. , Genç Ali İ. , Ristić Miroslav M.
Published: July 2024

In this work, we construct a new bivariate statistical distribution by the conditionally specified model approach. The conditional distributions follow the well-known generalized exponential distribution which includes the ordinary exponential distribution and is more flexible than gamma and Weibull in some ways. The newly defined distribution has four parameters that increase the flexibility of the model in data fitting. By equating the dependence parameter to zero, the marginal distributions become independent generalized exponential distributions. The new bivariate distribution depends on the classical exponential integral function which is not difficult to evaluate numerically. The basic properties of the distribution such as distribution functions, moments and stress-strength reliability are derived. The parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. Two real data fitting applications prove its usefulness in case of negatively correlated bivariate data modelling.
A note on boundary feedback stabilization for degenerate parabolic equations in multi-dimensional domains
Authors: Munteanu Ionuţ
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of stabilization of a degenerate parabolic equation with a Dirichlet control, evolving in bounded domain 𝓞 ⊂ ℝ
d
, d ≥ 2. We apply the proportional control design technique based on the spectrum of the linear operator which governs the evolution equation. The stabilizing feedback control, we design here, is linear, of finite-dimensional structure, easily manageable from the computational point of view.
The slowness of language, the speed of capital: conflicting temporalities of the “green transition” in the Swedish north
Authors: Nuottaniemi Andreas
Published: July 2024

Following substantial investments in battery production and fossil-free steel, a few select places in northern Sweden are currently undergoing rapid economic and cultural changes. The aim of this article is to explore the role language education plays for three different groups of (im)mobile subjects – refugees, labor migrants, and cosmopolitan elites – in the ongoing social transformations. By using the time-consuming and ideologically charged social practice of teaching and learning languages as a lens, it is argued that although framed as a sustainability project, the pace of the transformation is set by the accelerating logic of capitalism, posing a challenge to the democratic planning of inclusive local communities, as well as to societal subsystems characterized by much slower temporal regimes. Hence, although Sweden is committed to a “just transition” as part of the Paris Agreement, some are obviously benefiting much more than others from this transition. This paper further highlights the potentially high costs for the local communities that “win” the bids for the new green industries. Apart from considerable economic costs in the present, another result might also be increased social stratification and weakening social cohesion in the long term.
Nonlinear optical physics at terahertz frequency
Authors: Lu Yao , Huang Yibo , Cheng Junkai , Ma Ruobin , Xu Xitan , Zang Yijia , Wu Qiang , Xu Jingjun
Published: July 2024

Terahertz (THz) waves have exhibited promising prospects in 6G/7G communications, sensing, nondestructive detection, material modulation, and biomedical applications. With the development of high-power THz sources, more and more nonlinear optical effects at THz frequency and THz-induced nonlinear optical phenomena are investigated. These studies not only show a clear physics picture of electrons, ions, and molecules but also provide many novel applications in sensing, imaging, communications, and aerospace. Here, we review recent developments in THz nonlinear physics and THz-induced nonlinear optical phenomena. This review provides an overview and illustrates examples of how to achieve strong THz nonlinear phenomena and how to use THz waves to achieve nonlinear material modulation.
Dynamic control of the directional scattering of single Mie particle by laser induced metal insulator transitions
Authors: Zhu Yanlin , Li Shulei , Zhang Yang , Meng Jinjing , Tan Xu , Chen Jingdong , Panmai Mingcheng , Xiang Jin
Published: July 2024

Interference between the electric and magnetic dipole-induced in Mie nanostructures has been widely demonstrated to tailor the scattering field, which was commonly used in optical nano-antennas, filters, and routers. The dynamic control of scattering fields based on dielectric nanostructures is interesting for fundamental research and important for practical applications. Here, it is shown theoretically that the amplitude of the electric and magnetic dipoles induced in a vanadium dioxide nanosphere can be manipulated by using laser-induced metal-insulator transitions, and it is experimentally demonstrated that the directional scattering can be controlled by simply varying the irradiances of the excitation laser. As a straightforward application, we demonstrate a high-performance optical modulator in the visible band with high modulation depth, fast modulation speed, and high reproducibility arising from a backscattering setup with the quasi-first Kerker condition. Our method indicates the potential applications in developing nanoscale optical antennas and optical modulation devices.
Citizens’ exposure to predominant noise sources in agglomerations
Authors: Bolognese Matteo , Fredianelli Luca , Stasi Gianmarco , Ascari Elena , Crifaci Giulia , Licitra Gaetano
Published: July 2024

Environmental noise directive requires Member States to produce and periodically update strategic noise maps for agglomerates in order to evaluate citizens’ noise exposure before the action plan. Its ultimate purpose is to mitigate the highest or most harmful noise levels. Available tools do not provide a point-to-point indication of the predominant sources to be addressed by intervention on the sources by individual owners. Recently, noise source predominance maps were developed to show the predominant source at each point of the calculation grid of the strategic noise map by means of polygons and colors. Intensity noise source predominance maps were also developed to add the visualization of noise exposure levels by coloring the polygons according to a color scale. This work investigates their applicability in agglomerates and defines an additional indicator with the purpose of connecting the high levels of citizen exposure to its predominant source. The new approach provides an aid to administrations in identifying areas where singular noise mitigations would be truly effective in improving the citizen’s quality of life by ensuring a noticeable decrease in total noise while reducing exposure to the specific source.
Application of AgNPs in biomedicine: An overview and current trends
Authors: Ren Yanjie , Zhang Yun , Li Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can provide excellent, reliable, and effective solutions for anti-microbial, drug-loading, and other purposes due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Different methods have been used in the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs, and AgNPs have been applied in various fields of biomedicine, including dentistry, oncology, diabetology, neurodegenerative disorders, and so on. However, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs has not been solved during their application, making them controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize the capabilities, synthesis, and characterization methods, and the application of AgNPs in various biomedicine fields. In addition, the toxicity of AgNPs is explicated, and the methods of enhancing the benefit properties and reducing the toxicity of AgNPs are demonstrated. In the end, the perspective of AgNPs’ research and application are proposed for the great potential in biomedicine contributing to human health.
Evaluation of the implementation of the rational use of laboratory tests in the clinical chemistry laboratory
Authors: Serin Huriye , Orhan Bagnu , Say Merve S. , Arslan Hilmi F. , Inal Sinemis , Inal Berrin B. , Senes Mehmet
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The ‘Rational Laboratory Use Project’ (RLUP) was launched in 2018 by the Department of Examination and Diagnosis Services under the General Directorate of Health Services of the Republic of Turkey’s Ministry of Health. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of implementation of RLUP in medical biochemistry laboratories, and to contribute to new regulations by collecting the information and opinions of the laboratory experts participating the survey.

Methods

Thirty questions were uploaded to an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey®, San Mateo, ABD). The first five were descriptive for laboratories. Among the remaining 25 questions, one is open-ended and addresses the various topics encompassed by the project’s scope.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 202 medical biochemistry specialists, of whom 82.12 % reported that they did not implement autoverification. 55.65 % defined consultations in Hospital Management Information System (HIMS), but; 70.49 % were not using it actively. 57.69 % of the participants answered, “I agree” to the statement “I think RLUP is feasible”. It was observed that the specialists tried to implement rational laboratory practices partially depending on their laboratory capacity, hospital administration and Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).

Conclusions

Increasing clinicians’ awareness could increase the success of this project, which might provide more effective diagnosis and treatment for the patient. In our view, actively involving stakeholders of the information management system, which is not under the direct control of laboratory professionals, in the RLUP will accelerate the development of the project.
Von Clinton lernen?
Authors: Dörr Nikolas
Published: July 2024

Hartz IV und die Agenda 2010 haben die deutsche Sozialpolitik verändert und eine zwei Jahrzehnte andauernde Debatte über Gerechtigkeit ausgelöst. Der Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss des US-amerikanischen Workfare-Ansatzes während der Präsidentschaft von Bill Clinton (1992–2000) auf die Herausbildung und Entwicklung des neuen Paradigmas des aktivierenden Sozialstaats in der SPD. Nikolas Dörr zeigt, dass Clintons Wahlerfolge und Arbeitsmarktbilanz eine Vorbildwirkung für Mitte-Links-Parteien in Europa entfalteten, die sich schließlich im von Clinton und dem britischen Premier Tony Blair prominent propagierten Third Way widerspiegelte. Insbesondere Gerhard Schröder und Bodo Hombach forderten eine Orientierung am US-Beispiel, was in der SPD zu innerparteilichen Streitigkeiten führte. Auch wenn es letztlich nur zu wenigen konkreten Transfers kam, argumentiert der Beitrag, dass die Philosophie des aktivierenden Sozialstaats durch Clintons Sozialpolitik beeinflusst wurde.
Joaquín E. Espinosa Aguirre, Que se organicen sus pueblos. Agustín de Iturbide y la contrainsurgencia en la comandancia de Guanajuato (1813 – 1816)
Authors: Helguera Salas Gustavo Javier
Published: July 2024

Joaquín E. Espinosa Aguirre, Que se organicen sus pueblos. Agustín de Iturbide y la contrainsurgencia en la comandancia de Guanajuato (1813 – 1816)
Los mercados de la Ciudad de México entre 1840 y 1910: administración y distribución de las infraestructuras para el abasto urbano
Authors: Rosas Barrera Blanca Azalia
Published: July 2024

Este texto estudia el desarrollo del sistema de abasto de la Ciudad de México en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, concibiendo a los mercados como infraestructuras nodales que propiciaban el intercambio y distribución de productos de primera necesidad, destacando los alimentos. El crecimiento de la ciudad y su población fueron factores determinantes para el aumento de la demanda de fuentes de abastecimiento cercanas y la consiguiente descentralización de mercados a partir de la formalización de polos comerciales ya existentes y la creación de otros nuevos. A partir de una serie de planos se analiza la relación del desarrollo del sistema de abasto con la estratificación del espacio urbano en términos de modernización material y dotación de servicios públicos.
El concreto, agente de cambio en la construcción moderna de la Ciudad de México. El caso de las obras de aprovisionamiento a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Euroza Antúnez Rocío Bárbara , Leal Menegus Alejandro
Published: July 2024

La transición entre los siglos XIX y XX estuvo marcada por la modernización de la infraestructura urbana de la Ciudad de México, en particular de su sistema de abastecimiento de agua, cuyo progreso se definió por el uso del concreto como parte de un enfoque higienista en la planificación urbana. En este contexto, su valor no se limitó a las ventajas de versatilidad, resistencia y durabilidad de este material, sino que en última instancia representó una cultura constructiva que definiría la materialización de la Ciudad de México. En se sentido, este estudio histórico incluye una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y valorativa que contribuye a la valoración patrimonial del sistema de abastecimiento de agua. El uso del concreto en estas obras aparece como un agente de cambio que ha permitido contribuir al urbanismo, la arquitectura, la construcción y la tecnología, y completar un paradigma en la cultura técnica de la ciudad que define un periodo.
Coordenadas de una cartografía epistolar. Cartas a María Luisa Mendoza
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Luis Felipe , Sánchez Rolón Elba Margarita
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo da noticia de la existencia de la correspondencia encontrada en los materiales del archivo personal de la escritora María Luisa Mendoza. Se esboza, a su vez, el papel que ocupa la escritura privada en torno a la obra tanto de la destinataria como de cada uno de los remitentes entre los que se encuentra Carlos Fuentes, Carlos Monsiváis, José Carlos Becerra, Elena Poniatowska y Sergio Pitol; para señalar algunas coordenadas de lectura de esta cartografía epistolar.
Paisajes desplazados, relatos múltiples y el mito como posibilidad. Dos propuestas de Naomi Rincón Gallardo
Authors: De la Rosa Natalia
Published: July 2024

Naomi Rincón Gallardo (Carolina de Norte, 1979) realizó la Trilogía de la cuevas, un ciclo de video musical y performances compuesta por El viaje del formol (2017), Sangre pesada (2018) y Resiliencia tlacuache (2019). A partir de investigaciones llevadas a cabo entre Zacatecas y Oaxaca, Rincón Gallardo propone una forma de narración ficcional dedicada a mostrar subjetividades no normativas e historias enmarcadas en disputas socio-ambientales. Ante el despojo, la violencia y los neoexractivismos que enmarcan a la minería, esta artista interdisciplinar exhibe una alternativa construida a partir del mito para la pensar y escribir una serie de contrahistorias, al especular sobre una idea de futuro que ha sido negada. Este trabajo contrapone distintos modelos de paisaje, desde las escenas revolucionarias de Francisco Goitia hasta investigaciones artísticas paralelas dedicadas a la minería, con el fin de enfatizar las estrategias de Rincón Gallardo.
The Volitional Control of Individual Motor Units Is Constrained within Low-Dimensional Neural Manifolds by Common Inputs
Authors: Rossato Julien , Avrillon Simon , Tucker Kylie , Farina Dario , Hug François
Published: July 2024

The implementation of low-dimensional movement control by the central nervous system has been debated for decades. In this study, we investigated the dimensionality of the control signals received by spinal motor neurons when controlling either the ankle or knee joint torque. We first identified the low-dimensional latent factors underlying motor unit activity during torque-matched isometric contractions in male participants. Subsequently, we evaluated the extent to which motor units could be independently controlled. To this aim, we used an online control paradigm in which participants received the corresponding motor unit firing rates as visual feedback. We identified two main latent factors, regardless of the muscle group (vastus lateralis-medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis-medialis). The motor units of the gastrocnemius lateralis could be controlled largely independently from those of the gastrocnemius medialis during ankle plantarflexion. This dissociation of motor unit activity imposed similar behavior to the motor units that were not displayed in the feedback. Conversely, it was not possible to dissociate the activity of the motor units between the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles during the knee extension tasks. These results demonstrate that the number of latent factors estimated from linear dimensionality reduction algorithms does not necessarily reflect the dimensionality of volitional control of motor units. Overall, individual motor units were never controlled independently of all others but rather belonged to synergistic groups. Together, these findings provide evidence for a low-dimensional control of motor units constrained by common inputs, with notable differences between muscle groups.
Role of the Locus Coeruleus Arousal Promoting Neurons in Maintaining Brain Criticality across the Sleep–Wake Cycle
Authors: Huo Chengyu , Lombardi Fabrizio , Blanco-Centurion Carlos , Shiromani Priyattam J. , Ivanov Plamen Ch.
Published: July 2024

Sleep control depends on a delicate interplay among brain regions. This generates a complex temporal architecture with numerous sleep-stage transitions and intermittent fluctuations to micro-states and brief arousals. These temporal dynamics exhibit hallmarks of criticality, suggesting that tuning to criticality is essential for spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions. However, how the brain maintains criticality remains not understood. Here, we investigateθ- andδ-burst dynamics during the sleep–wake cycle of rats (Sprague–Dawley, adult male) with lesion in the wake-promoting locus coeruleus (LC). We show that, in control rats,θ- andδ-bursts exhibit power-law (θ-bursts, active phase) and exponential-like (δ-bursts, quiescent phase) duration distributions, as well as power-law long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs)—typical of non-equilibrium systems self-organizing at criticality. Furthermore, consecutiveθ- andδ-bursts durations are characterized by anti-correlated coupling, indicating a new class of self-organized criticality that emerges from underlying feedback between neuronal populations and brain areas involved in generating arousals and sleep states. In contrast, we uncover that LC lesion leads to alteration ofθ- andδ-burst critical features, with change in duration distributions and correlation properties, and increase inθ–δcoupling. Notably, these LC-lesion effects are opposite to those observed for lesions in the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus. Our findings indicate that critical dynamics ofθ- andδ-bursts arise from a balanced interplay of LC and VLPO, which maintains brain tuning to criticality across the sleep–wake cycle—a non-equilibrium behavior in sleep micro-architecture at short timescales that coexists with large-scale sleep–wake homeostasis.
Neuronal Activity in the Gustatory Cortex during Economic Choice
Authors: Jezzini Ahmad , Padoa-Schioppa Camillo
Published: July 2024

An economic choice entails computing and comparing the values of individual offers. Offer values are represented in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)—an area that participates in value comparison—but it is unknown where offer values are computed in the first place. One possibility is that this computation takes place in OFC. Alternatively, offer values might be computed upstream of OFC. For choices between edible goods, a primary candidate is the gustatory region of the anterior insula (gustatory cortex, GC). Here we recorded from the GC of male rhesus monkeys choosing between different juice types. As a population, neurons in GC represented the flavor, the quantity, and the subjective value of the juice chosen by the animal. These variables were represented by distinct groups of cells and with different time courses. Specifically, chosen value signals emerged shortly after offer presentation, while neurons encoding the chosen juice and the chosen quantity peaked after juice delivery. Surprisingly, neurons in GC did not represent individual offer values in a systematic way. In a computational sense, the variables encoded in GC follow the process of value comparison. Thus our results argue against the hypothesis that offer values are computed in GC. At the same time, signals representing the subjective value of the expected reward indicate that responses in GC are not purely sensory. Thus neuronal responses in GC appear consummatory in nature.
Soil fertility status under different land uses and its management practices in Bure district of Ilu Ababor zone, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Solomon , Assefa Tekalign
Published: July 2024

The study examined soil fertility status under different land use types and its management practices in Bure district of Illubabor zone, southwest Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire survey of 546 randomly selected smallholder farmers was employed to collect data, along with focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and personal observations. In addition, thirty-two composite soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-30 cm from forest, grazing, and cultivated lands to determine soil fertility status. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. The findings of the soil analysis showed that the distribution of soil particle sizes, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity varied significantly (p<0.05) between forest, grazing, and cultivated lands. The findings also showed that when land use and cover shifted from forests to cultivated and grazing lands, soil fertility decreased. The pH of the soil under cultivated land was found to be highly acidic, while the soil under forest and grazing lands was found to be strongly acidic. The most widely used soil fertility management practices were the application of miner fertilizer, building of bunds, planting of vetiver grass, contour plowing, crop rotation, straw and mulching, and agroforestry practices. The findings of this study suggest that in highly acidic soils found in cultivated lands, applying an adequate amount of lime can help to enhance soil fertility and boost land productivity.
Content of heavy metals in soils of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (Southern Vietnam)
Authors: Pham Cam Nhung , Lebedev Yaroslav , Drygval Anna , Gorbunov Roman , Gorbunova Tatiana , Kuznetsov Andrey , Kuznetsova Svetlana , Nguyen Dang Hoi , Tabunshchik Vladimir
Published: July 2024

The study of technogenic pollution of soils with heavy metals (HM) is an essential task for ecology. The analysis of the content of HMs in the park's soils shows the degree of pollution and the sources of its occurrence. The study of the elemental composition of soils is an objective method for assessing the state of the ecosystem. To determine the current state of heavy metal contamination in forest soils, the concentrations of their total forms were analyzed. Heavy metals, including Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, Cd, and As, were found in the study area. In addition, the threat of contamination with Cd and As has been identified. The calculation of the total pollution coefficient allows us to assess the level of pollution for the dry season (Zc = 18.45-28.24, average 22.45) as average (moderately hazardous) and for the wet season (Zc = 0.01-5.11, average 1.96) as permissible. This indicates an unfavorable environmental situation. The content of heavy metals in soils depends on the season. Observations show that at the end of the wet season, the concentration of heavy metals decreases, while it increases in the period after the dry season.