bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private security resources for critical infrastructure protection in urban conditions
Authors: Marković Jana
Published: February 2025

Critical infrastructure includes networks, systems, facilities and assets that ensure the functioning of the state and ensure the basic needs of the population. It represents the environment of every society and as such ensures well-being, prosperity and security. Due to the role it plays in maintaining functioning, integrity and security in urban areas, it can be considered a significant link of urban security. Different social processes of the modern era have led to changes in the organizational, technical and operational aspects of critical infrastructure, and the interconnectedness, complexity and dependence of these infrastructures has led to the multiplication of risks. Critical infrastructure today is vulnerable to a variety of threats, traditional and modern, including natural disasters, cyber attacks and acts of terrorism. Its vulnerability reflects the vulnerability of society, it represents a high level of risk for overall security, including the security of urban areas. A key segment of critical infrastructure protection is its resilience. Basically, resilience is the ability of a system, network, facility or other element of critical infrastructure to absorb negative impacts, to adapt to them and return to a state of normal or even improved functioning in the most optimal period of time. Therefore, by strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure in addition to protecting the infrastructure, the resilience of the environment in which it is located is also strengthened, which further contributes to the resilience of society as a whole. One of the providers of critical infrastructure protection, as well as providers of urban security, is the private security sector. In recent decades, this sector or the private security industry, as it is often called, has been a significant entity in the arena of security services, while critical infrastructure is a frequent reference object to which they provide protection. The author pointed out the role that the private security sector plays in urban areas, taking the protection of critical infrastructure as a variable through which she will present that role. The goal of the work is to present theoretical insights into the various resources that the private security sector uses to protect critical infrastructure, which indirectly contributes to security in urban conditions.
Security and industrial heritage: Case study: Electronics Industry Niš
Authors: Dukić Anđela
Published: February 2025

The Electronic Industry in Niš represents a significant architectural-urban achievement of industrial facilities and units in Southern Serbia's territory. In addition to the role of the main bearer of the region's economic income in the period from after the Second World War until the nineties of the twentieth century, its contribution was refined in the field of educational and social issues of the workers of Niš and its surroundings. In addition, after the secession and disintegration of the Yugoslav states, numerous issues of sustainability and repurposing of factory facilities and infrastructure networks within the complex arose. The problems of consistent use of the space after successive privatization and particularization of plants, as well as numerous security issues, were recorded. Accordingly, the announcement primarily focuses on a historiographic review of the building of the Electronic Industry. The center of the work represents the presentation and consideration of urban security problems caused by inadequate interventions on exteriors and inside individual buildings. Neglect practices that have led to environmental hazards in recent periods will also be considered. The paper will present a comparative analysis of sanation and the events that followed the fire in 1982 when the Semiconductor Factory was significantly ruined, and the one in 2023, in which more than 3000 square meters of the former Color Cathode Tube Factory burned down. The mentioned segment of the work was observed from several points of view for the understanding of both security and architectural-urban issues. Prominent factors inherently influenced the formal and functional features of the buildings. Finally, in order to actualize and emphasize the problem of the sustainability of industrial architecture, we will talk about the frequent ruination, untimely valorization, and protection of industrial buildings, as well as the consequences that have developed due to the existence and complications of political, social, security and environmental factors.
Displacement managment procedures in response to floods in the Republic of Serbia in 2014
Authors: Đukić Aleksandra , Jović Emilija , Marić Jelena
Published: February 2025

Natural disasters such as floods pose a significant and enduring threat to urban contexts. Devastating floods, resulting from heavy precipitation and subsequent river overflow, struck Southeastern Europe in 2014. A substantial number of people were evacuated and forced to temporarily or permanently leave their homes, leading to climate-induced migrations. This research aims to examine and systematize the processes and methods of displaced population management and contribute to understanding the issue from a scientific perspective. The paper discusses various levels of population protection and displacement management: primary level - management by state institutions, and secondary level - management by civil society organizations, as well as mutual and self-organized citizen management. The study investigates the percentage of civilian participation compared to the primary protection system, as well as their contribution during crisis response. The research is based on primary and secondary sources and quantitative methods - surveys conducted in the most affected municipalities in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The results indicate a significant role of civil society in the process of displaced population management. Additionally, involving the secondary level of protection can make a significant difference during crisis situations and provide an equally important response as the primary level. By identifying key factors influencing effectiveness in such and similar circumstances, useful guidelines are provided for enhancing the capacities of different levels of communities responding to challenges. Moreover, the paper may serve as a basis for further scientific research related to related areas and topics, as well as a starting point for examining the relationship between civil society participation and better outcomes in later recovery of urban contexts.
From Democracy to Dynastic Rule?
Authors: Paolanti Matteo , Saccoliti Francesco
Published: February 2025

On January 30, 2025, the National Assembly of Nicaragua approved a constitutional reform that significantly strengthens the power of President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo. The amendments profoundly transform the country’s political system, reinforcing the Executive’s influence over other branches of the state. This analysis aims to trace the political evolution of Nicaragua in order to better understand how the constitutional framework of the state is changing now.
Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Ny. A dengan Partus Prematurus di Puskesmas Ngesrep Semarang Tahun 2024
Authors: Delvitayani Delvitayani
Published: February 2025

Pregnancy and childbirth are important physiological processes in a woman's life, but preterm labor can occur before 37 weeks of gestation, increasing the risks for mother and baby. In Indonesia, the prevalence of preterm labor is estimated at 10.2%, with risk factors such as maternal age, pregnancy history, infections and socio-economic conditions. This case poses a big challenge in maternal and child health services, because it can cause serious complications for premature babies, such as problems with breathing, growth and neurological development. This study aims to analyze midwifery care for Mrs. With premature labor at the Ngesrep Community Health Center, Semarang. The method used is descriptive research with a case study approach, where primary data is obtained through interviews, observation and medical record documentation. The research results show that even though the mother is in a stable physical condition, the mother's anxiety regarding the condition of the premature baby needs serious attention. The interventions carried out include psychological counseling for mothers and intensive care for premature babies. It is hoped that this research will provide useful insight in improving the quality of maternal and child health services, especially in dealing with premature births.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Beyond Use Date di Kalangan Orang Tua yang Memiliki Balita di Klinik Sunda Medika Kab. Indramayu
Authors: Zeny Dermawan  , Sri Setiatjahjati  , Aulia Zazirotul
Published: February 2025

Public knowledge of Beyond Use Date (BUD) is still low, whereas to ensure the safety of drug use, an understanding of these two things is needed. This study aims to determine the level of public knowledge and behavior regarding BUD on the drugs they consume. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional design. The sample used in this study was 164 respondents and data collection was through a questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the level of public knowledge regarding BUD was good in female respondents reaching 58% (80 people), and the sufficient category was 42% (58 people). While the research data on good behavior in implementing BUD were women with the highest sufficient category recording 55.8% (77 people), and the good category was 44.2% (61 people). A correlation test using Spearman Rank also showed significant results between knowledge and behavior in female respondents regarding BUD with a p value of 0.000 (≤0.05). This study interprets the importance of increasing public knowledge about Beyond Use Date (BUD) to help improve behavior in using drugs safely and effectively.
Peran Fatayat Nu Dalam Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan Reproduksi Di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Anis Nurul Fitiyani  , Evi Ni’matuzzakiyah  , Istika Dwi Kusumningrum  , Pramukti Dian Setianingrum
Published: February 2025

Background: The role of Community Organizations (Ormas) is quite important in community empowerment. (Hamid, 2018). Fatayat NU is an organization that operates as a form of NU's attention to women so that they receive religious education through NU. (Asih Darojatun, 2017) Based on a preliminary study of members and administrators of the PC Fatayat NU organization in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, program activities in the field of reproductive health regarding preventing child marriage through the Kespro Camp Program in collaboration between Fatayat NU and UNFPA with several Ar Rohmah Beji Sumberagung Islamic Boarding Schools Jetis Bantul, Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School Sewon Bantul, Al Furqon Islamic Boarding School Sanden Bantul, Binaul Ummah Wonolelo Islamic Boarding School Wonolelo Pleret Bantul, and Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Prayer Pleret Bantul with socialization and counseling methods regarding the prevention of child marriage. A form of community empowerment in the field of reproductive health at Fatayat NU PC Bantul is training cadres to provide assistance and guidance on preventing child marriage. Objective: To find out "The role of Fatayat NU in the Community Empowerment Program in the field of Reproductive Health in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Method: This research uses qualitative research methods using data collection methods in the form of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), with a survey and interview approach, the subjects of this research are 5 informants including 2 PC administrators, 1 PAC administrator and 1 Fatayat cadre Lembaga Konsultasi Untuk Pemberdayaan Perlindungan anak dan Perempuan (LKP3A) Fatayat NU
Results: Community empowerment in the reproductive health sector is running well in terms of management, it is proven that the NU PC Bantul fatayat is a facilitator, initiator and negotiator in carrying out its activities so that it is supported by stakeholders in government and the private sector with cadres who are the Bantul KPAD Commissariat and also in DP3AP2KB. This condition makes Fatayat NU in a favorable position so that it can realize further activities including child-friendly Islamic boarding schools and reducing early marriages.
Conclusion: Fatayat NU PC Bantul is management capable of empowering the community in the field of reproductive health by having Islamic boarding schools and having 1000 cadres of productive age who can be agents of change in the family environment and surrounding community.
Introduction to the Bibliography
Authors: Tsvetkova Milena
Published: February 2025

For the first time, we will outline the perimeter of scholarly work in communication and media scholarship in Bulgaria from the beginning of democracy in 1990 to the present 2022 г. We offer a bibliographic corpus of the more significant results of the scientific research, expressed in three publication formats - collections, monographs, studies, and articles. These works are not only the visible result of our work as scholars during the years. They have had and continue to have a significant impact on higher education, research, professions, political decisions, and shaping the public image of media and communications among lay readers.
Opioid Prescription Practices Among Orthopedic Surgeons: An Analysis of the Medicare Part D Database from 2013-2021
Authors: Gupta Nithin , Godbole Nikhil , Wahlberg Elliss , Dave Udit , Turnow Morgan , Pharis Hunter , Manes Taylor , Williamson Tyler , Patel Jignesh
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Orthopedic surgeons have historically been identified as one of the most frequent prescribing specialties for opioid medications. Although there are indications for the short-term use of opioids post-operatively, efforts have been made through legislature, hospital protocols, and advanced techniques, to reduce the length of time for which opioid analgesics are required.

Methods

The Medicare Part D Database (individuals 65+ years old) was queried for prescriptions made by orthopedic surgeons for the years 2013-2021. Variables of interest included total claims, number of beneficiaries, and prescription length. The top ten opioids were identified using the total claims for each opioid. The South, Northeast, West, and Midwest regions of the United States were used as defined by the US Census Bureau. Linear regression was used to determine changes in claims and prescription length over time. Z-test of proportions was used to compare changes in beneficiaries. All statistical analyses were performed using R Studio (4.2.3), with p<0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Results

In 2021, Alabama and Alaska had the highest and lowest number of total claims and claims per surgeon for the top 10 opioids, respectively. Regional analyses demonstrated the Northeast region had the largest percent decrease (-33.84%), while the South had the highest number of total claims, claims per surgeon, and beneficiaries per 10,000 people. Hydromorphone demonstrated the largest decrease in prescription length (-35.96%, p <0.001) while Oxymorphone had the largest increase (10.29%, p<0.001). Finally, Oxymorphone had the greatest percent reduction in total claims (-92.51%, p<0.001) over the study period.

Conclusion

There has been a significant reduction in opioid prescriptions by orthopedic surgeons from 2013-2021, however, certain regions, such as the South, still have relatively high prescription lengths and number of prescriptions for opioid analgesics. Further, studies should seek to identify the specific factors influencing reduced opioid prescriptions to implement these in regions in which further reductions may be necessary.
A szülőség formái és a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek napjaink Magyarországán
Authors: Monostori Judit , Szabó Laura
Published: February 2025

A családszerkezet mintázata, valamint annak változásai az egyéni életúton össze függést mutatnak a társadalmi státusz különböző jellemzőivel, ami arra utal, hogy az együttélési formák alakulásában a társadalmi státusznak meghatározó szerepe van. Más szavakkal, a társadalmi státusz egyes dimenziói (pl. iskolai végzettség, munkaerőpiaci helyzet) szelekciós tényezőkként jelennek meg a demográfiai magatartás/jellemzők különböző aspektusaiban, amelyek azután meghatározzák az együttélési formákat is. Ugyanakkor az együttélési formák maguk is gerjeszthetnek társadalmi egyenlőtlenségeket: például vagyoni és jövedelmi, egészségi állapotbeli egyenlőtlenségeket; gyermekes családokra vonatkoztatva pedig a gyermekek kimeneti mutatóinak különböző dimenzióiban. Azzal a kérdéssel, hogy a családszerkezet és annak változásai milyen szere pet játszanak a társadalmi egyenlőtlenség és a szegénység újratermelődésében, már több évtizede foglalkoznak kutatások (lásd pl. Bernardi–Boertien 2017; Cherlin 2014; Esping-Andersen 2007; McLanahan–Percheski 2008; Wax 2007). A kérdés vizsgálatának aktualitását az adja, hogy a családi életutak egyre inkább diverzifikálódnak, és ez a családszerkezeti hatások súlyát növelheti a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek újratermelésének rendszerében. Tanulmányunkban a családszerkezeti jellemzők egy dimenziójával, a szülőség formáival foglalkozunk. Elemzésünkben kilépünk az együttélésen alapuló család keretéből, hiszen a gyermeküktől különélő szülőket is vizsgáljuk. Továbbá a pótszülőséget is bevonjuk a megfigyelési körbe, kitágítva ezzel a családszerke zeti vizsgálatok klasszikus megközelítését, amelyek már korábban is kimutatták a társadalmi státusz és a gyermekes családok típusai közötti összefüggéseket (Harcsa–Monostori 2018, 2020). A szülőség aktuális formái egyfajta lenyomatai azoknak a demográfiai ese ményeknek, amelyek a párkapcsolati és a szülői életpályáján bekövetkeztek. A válás, a szülők szétköltözése, az özvegyülés, az újraházasodás, új partner kapcsolatba lépés, illetve a különböző kapcsolatokból származó gyermekek megszületése, azok az események, amelyek a szülőség formáját meghatározzák.
A roma és magyar etnikailag vegyes párkapcsolatok strukturális akadályai Magyarország nagyvárosaiban, 2011–2022-ben
Authors: Szabó Laura
Published: February 2025

Az etnikailag vegyes házasságok kialakulását támogató és akadályozó tényezők elemzése fontos bemeneti információkkal szolgálhat az oktatás-, a munka erőpiaci és egészségügyi politikának. Mind az országos, mind a helyi döntés hozóknak érdemes tudatosítaniuk, hogy a roma és magyar etnikailag vegyes párkapcsolatok1 számának növekedése és földrajzi eloszlása hatással lehet a népességnövekedés földrajzi eloszlására; a roma és magyar párkapcsolatokban született gyermekek jólétére, akiknek másféle szükségleteik lehetnek, mint az etnikailag homogén házasságokban született gyermekeknek; és megfelelő intézményi háttértámogatás hiányában veszélyeztetheti az etnikai-kulturális szocializáció egyensúlyát. Feltételezzük ugyanakkor, hogy minél merevebb egy társadalom rétegződése, minél nagyobb a gazdasági és társadalmi környezet szegmentáltsága, annál ke vésbé valószínű a(z etnikailag) polarizált csoportokhoz tartozó egyének között az etnikai vegyes párkapcsolatok kialakulása. A Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (KSH) 2011. és 2022. évi teljes körű, egyéni szintű népszámlálási adatai segítségével azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a magyarországi nagyobb városokra 2011-ben jellemző strukturális mutatók és az ugyanezekben a városokban 2022-ben mért roma és magyar etnikailag vegyes párkapcsolatok prevalenciája milyen statisztikai kapcsolatban van egymással.
A kreatív gondolkodás a 21. századi iskolában
Authors: Lannert Judit
Published: February 2025

Ma, amikor újra arról olvashatunk, hogy a tanulás tulajdonképpen szenvedés és a tudást minél több gyakorlással tudjuk elsajátítani, érdemes megfogadni az 1960–70-es évek jövőkutatóinak figyelmeztetését, hiszen az akkori jövő ma már a jelenünké vált. Szerintük a kultúrák felemelkedése vagy bukása összefügg azzal, hogy milyen jövőképpel rendelkezünk. Fred L. Polak holland jövő kutató szerint a társadalom pozitív önképe együtt jár a kultúra virágzásával, de amint hanyatlásnak indul, a társadalom elveszti vitalitását és a kultúra eltűnik (Polak 1961). Később Alvin Toffler arra hívta fel a figyelmet, hogy a nagyon gyors technológiai változásokra gyakran jövősokkos választ ad a társadalom, ami a múltba való visszarévedést vagy az összeesküvés-elméletek virágzását is jelentheti (Toffler 1971). Nemcsak a jövőkutatók, de a filozófusok szerint is napjaink problémáira (klímaválság, népvándorlás, a gyors technológiai váltás stb.) a kreativitás lehet a válasz. „Szükség van olyan jövőképre, ahol össze tudjuk kapcsolni a széteső részeket, többdimenziósan és rendszerszintűen tudunk gondolkodni, elkerülve a leegyszerűsítő és polarizáló álmegoldásokat” – idézik Edgar Morin francia filozó fus gondolatait (Montuori 2011: 225). Ehhez éppen arra van szükség, hogy együtt tudjunk élni a bizonytalansággal, az esetlegességgel, az emberi esendőséggel.
A területi egyenlőtlenségek trendjei Kelet-Közép-Európában és Magyarországon az uniós tagság első két évtizedében
Authors: Pénzes János , Kiss János Péter
Published: February 2025

Kelet-Közép-Európa fogalma, az ide sorolt országok köre a szakirodalomban és a köznapi szóhasználatban sem egyértelmű (Szabó et al. 2019). Mostani tanulmányunkban a kelet-közép-európai térség alatt – praktikus okokból, első sorban a vizsgált folyamataikban mutatkozó meghatározó hasonlóság miatt – Magyarországot és a többi visegrádi országot (Csehországot, Lengyel országot és Szlovákiát), továbbá az EU-hoz 2004-ben és később csatlakozott, posztszovjet, illetve volt szocialista országokat (Észtországot, Lettországot, Litvániát, Szlové niát, Bulgáriát, Romániát és Horvátországot), azaz az uniós dokumentumokban egyszerűsítve „Eastern”-ként szereplő 11 országot fogjuk érteni, és a továbbiak ban EU11-országok néven utalunk rájuk. Tanulmányunkban az ezredforduló utáni, adatokkal lefedett – zömmel 2021 -ig, néhol 2022-ig tartó – időszak főbb területi egyenlőtlenségi trendjeit mutatjuk be. Elsőként rövidebben, csupán néhány kulcsmutatóra szorítkozva az Euró pai Unió, ezen belül is az EU11 országcsoport folyamatait foglaljuk össze. Ezt kö vetően – a kiemelten vizsgált jövedelem mellett röviden más egyenlőtlenségi dimenziókra is kitérve – Magyarország belső területi folyamataival foglalkozunk, rámutatva a kelet-közép-európai trendekbe illeszkedő, és a sajátosan „magyar” jellemzőkre is. Mindkét esetben törekszünk – az egyenlőtlenségek nagyságán, és a térbeli mintázatok értelmezésén túl, a terjedelmi korlátok szabta keretek között – a területi kép sajátosságainak, és az időbeli változásoknak a magyará zatára, valamint a hátterükben álló főbb tényezők azonosítására is.
Effect of Incremental Techniques in Direct Composite Restoration on Post-Operative Hypersensitivity
Authors: Sadia Malik  , Syed Attaullah Shah  , Shazmeen Alim  , Sangeen Ameer  , Farhat Fatima  , Fakhira Nizam
Published: February 2025

Background: Post-operative hypersensitivity is a common complication of direct composite restorations, often caused by polymerization shrinkage and microleakage. Incremental composite placement techniques and desensitizing agents have been proposed to mitigate this issue.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of incremental composite layering and desensitizing agents in reducing post-operative hypersensitivity in Class I direct composite restorations.
Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, from August 2021 to February 2022. A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Gluma (n=20), SAD (n=20), and Control (n=20). Class I cavities were prepared using standardized protocols, and restorations were performed using Tetric N-Ceram composite resin with a universal bonding system. Hypersensitivity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days post-operatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with one-way ANOVA and t-tests applied for statistical comparisons.
Results: VAS scores were significantly lower in the incremental technique group (2.1 ± 1.3 at 24 hours, 1.5 ± 1.1 at 7 days, 1.1 ± 0.9 at 30 days) compared to the conventional technique (4.2 ± 2.1, 3.5 ± 1.9, 2.9 ± 1.7, respectively; p<0.05). Hypersensitivity incidence was also reduced in the incremental group (10%, 6%, and 4% at respective time points) versus the conventional group (30%, 24%, and 20%, p<0.05).
Conclusion: Incremental composite placement significantly reduced post-operative hypersensitivity, particularly when combined with desensitizing agents, emphasizing its clinical importance in enhancing patient comfort.
JUGOSLOVENSKI STAV PREMA SPORNIM PITANJIMA KULTURNE SARADNJE SA SOVJETSKIM SAVEZOM U PERIODU NORMALIZACIJE DIPLOMATSKIH ODNOSA
Authors: Jovanović Andrija
Published: February 2025

Rad ima za cilj da na osnovu izvora dostupnih u Arhivu Jugoslavije prikaže na koji način su politički ciljevi dve države tokom normalizacije diplomatskih odnosa, u periodu od 1955. do 1959. godine, uticali na kulturnu saradnju. Period nakon zaključivanja Beogradske deklaracije, 2. juna 1955. godine, predstavlja početak obnove kulturne razmene između SSSR i FNRJ, međutim usled prevelikog uticaja politike, kulturna saradnja u datom periodu bila je isključivo teren na kojem su se oslikavale političke težnje dve države u procesu normalizacije političkih i ekonomskih odnosa. Naime, cilj SSSR da Jugoslaviju uključi u socijalistički lager i cilj FNRJ da održi ravnotežu u bipolarnom, hladnoratovskom poretku, predstavljali su prevelika ograničenja za mogućnost pozitivne kulturne razmene.
PROBLEMI I POTEŠKOĆE U IZUČAVANJU ODNOSA VLASTI PREMA ZDRAVSTVENOM PITANJU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI (1878-1941), PREMA GRAĐI ARHIVA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Radušić Minela
Published: February 2025

Arhivska građa na osnovu koje je moguće propitivati Odnos vlasti prema zdravstvenom pitanju u Bosni i Hercegovini 1878-1941.  najvećim dijelom je smještena u Arhivu Bosne i Hercegovine. Stoga se u prvom dijelu rada daje pregled najznačajnijih arhivskih fondova koji se čuvaju u ovoj instituciji, te se iz perspektive definirane teme analizira njihov sadržaj. Rezultati provedene analize koristili su kako bi se u konačnici definirale i pojasnile poteškoće koje se u postavljenom historijskom istraživanju nameću.
Al, Fe, and Zr-Based Trimetallic Pillaring of Bentonite Clay for Gas Adsorption
Authors: Ayas Nezihe , Pourmoghadam Nasrin , Kanatlı Tolga Kaan
Published: February 2025

Structural pillaring is a widely used technique that improves the adsorbent's surface area and interplanar spacing. Aluminum is a frequently utilized pillaring metal due to its unique ability to create Al13 polymer structures in montmorillonite materials. Iron and zirconium are also often used pillaring metals; however, when employed as stand-alone pillaring agents, they are known to be less effective; so, they are typically utilized in combination with Al in bimetallic form and are reported to improve the pillaring action on bentonite clay. However, there are no instances in the literature of them being used in trimetallic form on bentonite clay. In this work, monometallic Al/Bentonite, Fe/Bentonite, Zr/ Bentonite and the trimetallic Al-Fe-Zr/Bentonite pillared clays were synthesized and characterized. An OH/metal ratio of 2:1 was used. The adsorbents were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their interplanar distances were calculated. They were further analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 Adsorption/Desorption analysis via Bruner, Emmett, Teller method (BET). Using the Bragg equation on XRD patterns, the interplanar layers of the Al, Fe and Zr pillared bentonite materials were calculated as 19.0, 16.9 and 4.0 Å respectively. Al/Bentonite was used in the gasification of sugar beet pulp to determine if the adsorbent has catalytic activity as well. The H2 and CO2 concentrations of the gas product were observed as 51 and 36% respectively, which is a promising result. Adsorption tests are being continued.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Hydrogen, Pillaring, Bentonite, Trimetallic
Effectively Utilizing Safety Datasheet Information in Developing a Risk-Based and Fit-For-Purpose Facility Design
Authors: B. Luna Veronica Christine
Published: February 2025

It is a common knowledge that chemical and petrochemical facilities handle substances which are considered hazardous. The level of harm associated with these substances varies from being lethal to harmful to personnel and environment or from being highly flammable to combustible. The facility design process can be simplified by incorporating overly conservative protection measures in the design even for hazards which are considered to pose relatively lower risk and can be effectively controlled by other means than engineered controls. Doing this does not prove to be an effective way in managing the hazards associated with the plant as it could lead to an unsafe operating practices due to the potential for focus to be diverted away from the major hazards which need more attention, time and resources.

This presentation will share best practices how safety datasheet information can be effectively utilized to provide guidance in developing a fit-for-purpose design based on numerous project experiences. It also presents how SDS can enable employing a risk-based approach in incorporating safety during the plant design process.

SDS provides recommendations for protection measures, albiet may not be all inclusive, but a good starting point. It is considered to be one of a valuable reference, especially for emerging novel technologies to support global thrust for clean energy wherein no industry guidance or codes and standards are currently available. Collectively utilizing information from hazard identification results, SDS, and risk assessments, paired with expert engineering judgement, a fit-for-purpose and safe plant design can be developed.
Stabilization of Color Of Heavy-Duty Liquid Detergent by Simultaneously Working on Two Problematic Reactions: Rection of Product Base With Colorant and Reaction of the Product Base With Fragrance Composition
Authors: Anicic Maja , Novacki Valentina
Published: February 2025

One of the biggest problems of formulating stable heavy duty liquid detergents is the change of product color. Interactions between product base, colorant and scent are common denominators. To provide solution to this problem without major changes in formulation by adding polymers and to keep formulation as sustainable as possible we approached the problem by conjoining solutions from the colorant and fragrance sides.

During testing process, it was observed that fragrance has far greater effect on the product color than colorant. By further inspection hypostasis on Schiff base formation was appointed and confirmed by different methods such as UV-Vis and IR-spectrophotometry.

Interaction of aldehydes in the fragrance, and the amines from the base formulation changes color of the product even if the colorant is not present.

To counteract the problem with the base product changing color, fragrance composition was reformulated to remove aldehydes and exchange them with less reactive fragrant compounds of a similar scent profile.

To provide the best possible results the colorant of the product was also exchanged for one of the greater stability in the given base.

Results provided HDLD of vivid, longer term stable blue color.
Explosive Percolation Phenomenon Of High Conductive Polyethylene Oxide/Titanium Nanocomposite Films
Authors: A. Ahmad Ahmad , M. Al-Bataineh Qais , A. Alakhras Lina , Telfah Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This work investigated the percolation phenomenon and its effect on the electrical conductivity and other physical properties of polyethylene oxide/titanium nanoparticles (PEO/TiNPs) nanocomposite films. The electrical conductivity increases abruptly from 1.92×10−3 S.cm−1 to 86.66 S.cm−1 after percolation threshold, followed by constant values at the conductive zone, indicating the formation of conductive pathways through the PEO/TiNPs nanocomposite film. In addition, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect on the percolation phenomenon was investigated accordingly. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the distribution and morphology of TiNPs in the PEO matrix. Finite element method simulations were used to understand the percolation phenomenon of the nanocomposite films. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the absence of any chemical bonds between TiNPs and PEO. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry show that increasing TiNPs in the PEO matrix increases the crystallinity degree of the nanocomposites. The thermal properties of the PEO/TiNPs nanocomposite films were investigated. This study provides valuable insights into the design and fabrication of nanocomposite materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Development of Antibacterial Carbon Dots by Using a One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Approach
Authors: Wang Siqi , P. McCoy Colin , P. Andrews Gavin , Wylie Matthew , Ge Yi
Published: February 2025

Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention for their exceptional properties including high biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and versatile functionalization capabilities. These characteristics make CDs and carbon-dot-based nanomaterials promising candidates for various biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a novel microwave-assisted method to produce broad-spectrum antibacterial CDs, offering a cost-effective and green alternative to traditional synthesis. Using citric acid, ascorbic acid, tetraethylenepentamine, spermidine, and urea as carbon sources, N-doped CDs were synthesized at 200°C with 800W power, followed by purification via centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. The resulting CDs were characterized by UV, FL, FT-IR, TEM, DLS and XRD. The agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method were employed to test and determine their activities of bacterial growth inhibition via MIC and MBC assays against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The time-kill kinetics assays of CDs against those three strains were conducted to investigate their antibacterial effect upon time. The CDs demonstrated significant inhibition, with MIC values of 0.625mg/mL for S. aureus and MRSA, and 1.250mg/mL for E. coli. Cytotoxicity tests on HaCaT cells showed over 80% viability at concentrations below 200 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of microwave-synthesized CDs in biomedicine and pharmaceutical science, with future research to explore their antibacterial mechanisms and applications in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.
Nanocellulose for Sustainable Future Materials
Authors: Ilyas R.A.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, nanocellulose (NC) has emerged as a versatile and sustainable material with unique characteristics, derived from the common and abundant natural polymer, cellulose. This presentation examines the evolving landscape of NC, exploring its extraction processes, mechanical properties, and applications beyond conventional cellulose usage. The hierarchical structure of cellulose allows for the extraction of nanoparticles, offering properties like excellent mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and a substantial surface area. With a Young's modulus in the range of 100–130 GPa, NC presents promising properties for a wide range of applications, from eco-friendly materials in nanocomposites, reinforcing agents in packaging, and bioactive implants in medical devices. The presentation also distinguishes between cellulose "microfiber" and "nanofiber" and provides insights into potential applications, reinforcing NC's role as a transformative material in the sustainable materials and nanocomposites domain. This analysis encompasses recent advances in NC preparation, modification, and emerging applications, highlighting the breadth of possibilities for this green material, including its utilization in nanocomposites, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, and novel biomedical applications, while also addressing the challenges and opportunities in the realm of emerging NC-based materials.
Ethics in Public Practice
Authors: Barriga Ríos Estivaliz Wendoling
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Ethics in public administration has been considered a fundamental pillar for transparency and accountability in governmental decision-making. In this sense, the study addressed ethics in the city council of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, during the period 2021-2024, with the purpose of analyzing its influence on political decision-making. It was hypothesized that the degradation of ethics in the public servants of Patzcuaro was the result of various factors, such as social pressure, personal ambition and the influence of power. For this purpose, a bibliographic review on ethics in public administration was carried out and the regulations in force in Mexico were analyzed.Development: The research explored the origin and evolution of ethics in public service, highlighting its importance in the configuration of administrative principles. The values established by international organizations such as the OECD and the national codes of ethics governing the behavior of public servants in Mexico were identified. Likewise, an analysis of the municipality of Patzcuaro, its institutional values and its focus on improving the quality of life of citizens was presented. Through the study of these elements, the impact of ethics in municipal management and its application in practice was evaluated.Conclusions: The analysis evidenced that ethics is essential for the proper functioning of institutions and citizen trust in government. Although there are regulations and principles established to regulate the conduct of public servants, their effective application has been a constant challenge. Transparency, accountability and honesty were identified as fundamental values to avoid corruption and ensure that public administration works in the collective interest.
Likes are not votes: Critical analysis of the influence of electoral campaigns onTikTok in relation to the results of the presidential election, Mexico 2024
Authors: Rodríguez Tienda Claudia Dalila , Flores Maya Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The study analyzed the influence of digital presence on TikTok on electoral results in Mexico. It was framed within the literature on digital democracy and the link between the media and electoral behavior. Given that TikTok has gained relevance as a political platform, the objective was to determine if popularity on this social network translated into real votes. To this end, the TikTok activity of presidential candidates Claudia Sheinbaum, Xóchitl Gálvez and Jorge Álvarez Máynez was examined, comparing digital metrics with surveys and electoral results.Development: The analysis included the compilation of data on the frequency of publications, the reach of the videos, the level of interaction and the content of the messages issued by each candidate. In addition, surveys conducted since January 2024 were evaluated, as well as the final results of the elections. It was observed that TikTok allowed candidates to build a public image and generate interaction with the electorate, but its impact on voting intention was relative. Claudia Sheinbaum maintained a stable trend, Xóchitl Gálvez showed variations in her performance depending on the pollsters and Jorge Álvarez Máynez experienced significant growth on social media, although this was not reflected in his electoral result.Conclusion: The study concluded that visibility on TikTok did not guarantee electoral success. Although social networks are powerful dissemination tools, territorial mobilization and traditional strategies are still decisive. The need to integrate digital platforms into a broader political strategy was emphasized.
Animal ethics in the climate change debates
Authors: Granados Mora Juliana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The article examined the lack of inclusion of nonhuman animals in international climate change reports and public policies, especially in bodies such as the IPCC and UNFCCC. Despite recognizing the contribution of extensive livestock farming to greenhouse gas emissions, these institutions omitted interspecies ethical considerations in their mitigation strategies. The research raised the need to debate the role of nonhuman animals in environmental policies and proposed an animal ethics approach for their integration.Development: The analysis of the IPCC and UNFCCC reports evidenced an anthropocentric bias in the design of climate policies, prioritizing exclusively human welfare. It was argued that this reductionist view has made invisible the moral relevance of animals and their role in the climate crisis. In addition, five possible explanations for their exclusion were discussed, including the lack of political representation of animals and the perception that their welfare is indirectly addressed through biodiversity protection.Conclusions: It was concluded that it is urgent to reformulate the debate on climate change from an interspecies ethical perspective. Including animals as political subjects in public policies would make it possible to move towards a more holistic and sustainable approach. Finally, it was proposed the adoption of regulatory frameworks that guarantee the protection of animal interests, recognizing them as individuals with rights within the global climate agenda.
Smart city concept: Integrating technology into municipal governance
Authors: Yatsun Olha
Published: February 2025

The article highlights the basics of the Smart City concept. The author considers general theoretical approaches to its understanding and analyzes the constituent elements of this phenomenon. The author systematizes statistical data on Smart Cities and theoretical foundations. The analysis of these factors made it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of Smart Cities. In addition to identifying them, the author of the article proposed specific steps to overcome or minimize their impact on the safety and life of citizens. The article also focuses on specific examples of European cities and analytical data on the advantages of certain smart projects. The work emphasizes that Ukrainian initiatives within the framework of the Smart Cities concept are promising, but fragmentized. The novelty lies in citing specific initiatives taken as an example of implementation in European cities with statistically proven effectiveness and their application in Ukraine. The author also takes into account those elements that are already functioning and those that need to be expanded. In addition, attention is focused on those initiatives that are not yet fully functioning in Ukraine. The author paid special attention to the importance of implementing the Smart Cities Concept in the post-war reconstruction of the country
Virtual Socio-Cultural Collaborative Learning for EFL Speaking Skills Classes
Authors: Butarbutar Ranta
Published: February 2025

Virtual Sociocultural Collaborative Learning (VSCL) is an innovative techno-pedagogical approach aimed at enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) speaking skills in classrooms. This study investigated the impact of VSCL on EFL speaking proficiency through a quasi-experimental design, utilizing pre- and post-test time-series measurements. The Cognitive Function Scale (ACFS) was used to assess the effectiveness of the VSCL. The results indicated that VSCL significantly improved classification, perspective-taking, and verbal and auditory skills, confirming its positive influence on learners. Furthermore, VSCL was found to enhance key speaking components, including grammar, fluency, accuracy, and comprehension, with a t-count of 0.000, which was lower than the t-table value of 0.68. These findings suggest that VSCL is a valuable approach for EFL teachers to support diverse zones of proximal development (ZPD) in their classrooms.
Optimizing Unmanned Vehicle Navigation: A Hybrid PSO-GWO Algorithm for Efficient Route Planning
Authors: Altun Gökhan , Aydın İlhan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to address the route-planning problem for autonomous systems, which plays a significant role in the operation of unmanned vehicles. A hybrid algorithm has been proposed to enhance the performance of metaheuristic algorithm approaches used to solve the specified problem. In the hybrid algorithm, the simplicity and powerful global search capabilities of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are combined with the strong exploration and local minimum avoidance features of the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The proposed hybrid approach seeks to achieve both computational accuracy and efficiency in processing time. Using the hybrid approach, routes were calculated in an unknown environment with the help of sensors. The performance of the hybrid algorithm was compared with that of the standalone PSO and GWO algorithms. The comparison evaluated the algorithms based on their execution time for finding the optimal route, the length of the calculated route, the required number of iterations, and their ability to escape local minima. The results were simulated using a custom-built interface, demonstrating a significant advantage in terms of route calculation time. Furthermore, the local minimum problem inherent in the PSO approach was successfully mitigated, while the iteration count and processing time were improved compared to the GWO approach. This approach can be particularly beneficial in disaster management scenarios, where autonomous unmanned vehicles can assist in efficiently planning routes for search, rescue, and resource delivery in unknown or obstructed environments.
Determinant of Profitability of State of Enterprise in Indonesia: Merger Case
Authors: . Sudaryono , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Manurung Adler Haymans , Asikin Zenal
Published: February 2025

The research is aimed to analyze determinants of profitability performance (ROA, ROE, and PER) of Indonesia’s state-owned enterprises, using mergers and acquisitions a moderating factor. The research employs panel data analysis to estimate the effect of Revenue, Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Exchange Rate, Oil Price, and COVID-19 on Profitability for the period of observation of 2010 – 2021. The result shows that Revenue performs significant impact on ROA, ROE, and PER. Moreover, the Current Ratio also performs significant impact on ROA, ROE, and PER. Furthermore, Debt to Equity Ratio performs significant impact on ROA and PER. In terms of the macroeconomic factor, the exchange rate significantly affects ROA and ROE. This researh also reveals that investors use mergers and acquisitions news to seek for profits (through stock purchase) to earn potential higher capital gain. On the other hand, the empirical result indicates a significant difference of the company’s performance (ROA and ROE) before and after the period of mergers and acquisitions. However, the difference seems to be insignificant for the Price to Earnings Ratio (PER). The empirical result implies the urgency to optimize the long run impact of mergers and acquisitions of Indonesia’s state-owned enterprises.