bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agriculture's terms of trade: issues and implications
Authors: Colman David
Published: November 2010

The article addresses (1) the issue of what agricultural commodity prices should be compared to if we are concerned with the welfare of agriculturalists, (2) the general absence of product quality adjustment when analysis is undertaken comparing agricultural to manufactured goods prices, (3) the extent to which energy prices are or will be the driver of both manufactured and agricultural prices, and (4) the importance of considering agriculture's terms of trade (TOT) against the service sector, since the service sector is typically the largest in the economy. It reflects on the basic question of whether the widespread perception “that agriculture's TOT secularly decline” is correct.
Role of ORPs in Sterol Transport from Plasma Membrane to ER and Lipid Droplets in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Jansen Maurice , Ohsaki Yuki , Rita Rega Laura , Bittman Robert , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Ikonen Elina
Published: November 2010

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of sterol transport from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs) in HeLa cells. By overexpressing all mammalian oxysterol‐binding protein‐related proteins (ORPs), we found that especially ORP1S and ORP2 enhanced PM‐to‐LD sterol transport. This reflected the stimulation of transport from the PM to the ER, rather than from the ER to LDs. Double knockdown of ORP1S and ORP2 inhibited sterol transport from the PM to the ER and LDs, suggesting a physiological role for these ORPs in the process. A two phenylalanines in an acidic tract (FFAT) motif in ORPs that mediates interaction with VAMP‐associated proteins (VAPs) in the ER was not necessary for the enhancement of sterol transport by ORPs. However, VAP‐A and VAP‐B silencing slowed down PM‐to‐LD sterol transport. This was accompanied by enhanced degradation of ORP2 and decreased levels of several FFAT motif‐containing ORPs, suggesting a role for VAPs in sterol transport by stabilization of ORPs.
Elevated nocturnal blood pressure and heart rate in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Hurum Harald , Sulheim Dag , Thaulow Erik , Wyller Vegard Bruun
Published: November 2010

Aim:  To compare ambulatory recordings of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and healthy controls. We hypothesized both HR and blood pressure to be elevated among CFS patients.

Methods:  Forty‐four CFS patients aged 12–18 years were recruited from our paediatric outpatient clinic. The controls were 52 healthy adolescents having similar distribution of age and gender. 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure and HR were recorded using a validated, portable oscillometric device.

Results:  At night (sleep), HR, mean arterial blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in CFS patients as compared with controls (p < 0.01). During daytime, HR was significantly higher among CFS patients (p < 0.05), whereas blood pressures were equal among the two groups.

Conclusions:  The findings support previous experimental evidence of sympathetic predominance of cardiovascular control in adolescent CFS patients. Also, the findings prompt increased focus on cardiovascular risk assessment and suggest a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
Inclusive Science Education: Classroom Teacher and Science Educator Experiences in CLASS Workshops
Authors: Kirch Susan A. , Bargerhuff Mary Ellen , Turner Heidi , Wheatly Michele
Published: November 2010

Inclusion is the meaningful participation of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. The CLASS project (Creating Laboratory Access for Science Students) is a unique initiative offering training and resources to help educators provide students with a variety of physical, sensory and learning disabilities equal access in the science laboratory or field. To determine whether participants believed a 2‐week residential workshop sponsored by CLASS raised disability awareness and provided teacher training in inclusive science teaching practice, a multipoint Likert scale survey and questionnaire was completed by all participants (N= 20) in four workshops. Participants reported large gains in their preparedness to teach science to students with disabilities. Participants also reported gains in their familiarity with instructional strategies, curricula, and resources and their ability to design, select, and modify activities for students with disabilities. Finally, shifts in attitudes about teaching science to students with disabilities were noted.
Thermal Field Measurements of a Thermoacoustically Driven Thermoacoustic Refrigerator
Authors: Tasnim Syeda Humaira , Fraser Roydon Andrew
Published: November 2010

Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a device that transfers heat from a low temperature medium to a high-temperature medium by using sound energy as work input. We have designed and tested a simplified thermally driven thermoacoustic refrigerator. Our refrigerator is easy to make, uses no moving parts, and has proved to be an impressive illustration of simplicity, an inherent attribute of thermoacoustic engines. At the same time it can be used as a working demonstration of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. Also, in this paper we have reported the results of measurements of temperature gradients and maximum cooling temperature in a thermally driven thermoacoustic refrigerator. The present research shows that the magnitude and position of the maximum cooling temperature depend on the position of the prime mover stack from the nearest pressure antinode. Based on the design of this simplified thermally driven thermoacoustic refrigerator, the design of a complete thermally driven thermoacoustic refrigerator is in progress.
Tunable optofluidic nano-Bragg microcavity filter
Authors: Jugessur A. S. , Dou J. , Aitchison J. S.
Published: November 2010

An optofluidic nano-Bragg microcavity filter is designed using three-dimensional finite difference time domain technique and fabricated using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. Continuous filter tuning is possible via small refractive index changes by introducing different fluids. An index change of 0.03 corresponds to a peak resonance wavelength shift of approximately 1 nm. The SOI chip is also integrated with a polydimethlysiloxane microfluidic chip for the fluid delivery.
EXACT TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF THE GENERALIZED HIROTA–SATSUMA COUPLED KdV EQUATION
Authors: LI ZHU
Published: November 2010

Exact traveling wave solutions of the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equation are obtained by the generalized Jacobi elliptic function method.
NEW PROPERTIES OF THE P. E. APPELL HYPERGEOMETRIC SERIES F2(α;β, β′;γ, γ′;x, y) TO THE VICINITY OF THE SINGULAR POINT (1, 1) AND NEAR THE BOUNDARY OF ITS DOMAIN OF CONVERGENCE D2:|x|+|y|<1
Authors: TARASOV V. F.
Published: November 2010

Exact analytical representations for Appell's series F2(x, y) to the vicinity of the singular point (1, 1) and near the boundary of its domain of convergence are given. It is shown that Appell's functions F2(1, 1) and F3(1, 1) have the property of mirror-like symmetry with respect to the center j0 ↦ -(1/2) under the change j ↦ -j-1, z∈ℤ, and they correlate between each other.
ROLE OF DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION ON CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF SUPERNOVA MATTER
Authors: DAS C. , MISHRA A. , MISHRA S. , PANDA P.
Published: November 2010

Supernova matter consisting of protons, neutrons and electrons with proton fraction yp = 0.3 are studied within finite temperature Brueckner–Goldstone approach with effective two-body Sussex interaction for various values of densities and at temperatures T = 5, 7 and 10 MeV. It is found that at a given density, temperature and proton fraction, the entropy production, internal energy per nucleon, free energy per nucleon and pressure generated by protons and electrons are not equal. Entropy produced in the supernova matter is larger than that of corresponding asymmetric nuclear matter. The rise in temperature with densities in this matter under adiabatic condition is relatively suppressed with respect to corresponding asymmetric nuclear matter. Contribution to internal energy and free energy due to electron components is more pronounced than those of nuclear components. But the contribution to entropy and pressure due to nuclear components is larger than those of electron components. It is observed that for the matter with proton fraction yp = 0.1, the internal energy, free energy and pressure generated due to protons are density-independent whereas, for supernova matter, these quantities are density-dependent. Distribution function, fraction of particles and mean field are the key factors to explain the characteristic properties of the constituent particles of supernova matter.
CAN THE TOYOTA WAY OVERCOME THE RECENT TOYOTA SETBACK? — A STUDY BASED ON THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS
Authors: WU SIMON , BLOS MAURICIO F. , WEE HUI MING , CHEN YI-LI
Published: November 2010

The Japanese carmaker Toyota has long been regarded as the pinnacle of Japanese innovation, manufacturing quality and industrial strength — particularly since it overtook General Motors in 2008 to become the world's biggest carmaker. Its "lean" manufacturing techniques and culture of continuous improvement were the envy of the business world. Companies sent delegations to tour Toyota's factories in the hope that some of its magic would rub off on them.

But within a few weeks all this has changed. Problems with "unintended acceleration" of its cars which the firm has belatedly taken seriously, has resulted in a crisis within the company. Toyota's woes were compounded on 9 February 2009 when it said it would also recall 440,000 hybrid vehicles, including the celebrated Prius, to fix a problem with their brakes. The firm's reputation for quality, on which the business was built, is shattered. Its market capitalization has dropped by an amount roughly equal to the entire value of Ford. But the greatest damage has been done by its misreading and mishandling of the crisis.

Surrounding this current problem, we came with an interesting question: Can the Toyota Way bring back Toyota to the lead? The aim of this paper has the intention to answer two significant questions. The first question is "Is the Toyota Way safe enough to prevent problems brewing outside its factories?" In order to address this question and get reasonable answer, this study tries to use the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to discover the root causes and countermeasures of how Toyota's Way can bring back Toyota to the lead. The second question is "Can TOC deal with this kind of complicated problem effectively?" From the case study, we successfully answered the two preceding questions, presenting some findings about TOC problem solving strategy.
Investigating the performance of path-searching tasks in depth on multiview displays
Authors: Hassaine Djamel , Holliman Nicolas S. , Liversedge Simon P.
Published: November 2010

Multiview auto-stereoscopic displays support both stereopsis and head motion parallax depth cues and could be superior for certain tasks. Previous work suggests that a high viewpoint density (100 views/10cm at the eye) is required to convincingly support motion parallax. However, it remains unclear how viewpoint density affects task performance, and this factor is critical in determining display and system design requirements. Therefore, we present a simulated multiview display apparatus to undertake experiments using a path-searching task in which we control two independent variables: the stereoscopic depth and the viewpoint density. In the first experiment, we varied both cues and found that even small amounts of stereo depth (2cm) reliably improved task accuracy and reduced latency, whereas there was no evidence of dependence on viewpoint density. In the second experiment, we switched off the stereoscopic cue and varied viewpoint density alone. We found that for these monoscopic images increasing viewpoint density resulted in some reduction in response latency (up to eight views/10cm) but had no effect on accuracy. We conclude for cases where occlusion is not an overriding factor that low viewpoint densities may be sufficient to enable effective path-searching task performance.
A Multiagent Geosimulation Approach for Intelligent Sensor Web Management
Authors: Mekni Mehdi , Graniero Phil
Published: November 2010

A Sensor Web (SW) consists of a large collection of small nodes providing collaborative and distributed sensing abilities in unpredictable environments. Nodes composing such an SW are characterized by resource restrictions, especially energy, processing power, and communication capacities. A sensor web can be thought of as a spatially and functionally distributed complex system evolving in and interacting with a geographic environment. So far, the majority of the currently deployed SWs has been mainly used for prototyping purposes. These SWs operate without considering a management scheme and do not take into account the geographic environment characteristics in which they are deployed. Multiagent Geosimulation (MAGS) is a recent modeling and simulation paradigm which provides a flexible approach that can be used to analyze complex systems such as SW in large-scale and complex georeferenced environments. In this paper, we propose to use an MAGS approach to support SW management. Moreover, we present Sensor-MAGS, a multiagent geosimulation system which manages sensor nodes using Informed Virtual Geographic Environments (IVGE). This system is applied in the context of a water resource monitoring project.
Genetic Architecture of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in the General Population
Authors: Tomaszewski Maciej , Debiec Radoslaw , Braund Peter S. , Nelson Christopher P. , Hardwick Robert , Christofidou Paraskevi , Denniff Matthew , Codd Veryan , Rafelt Suzanne , van der Harst Pim , Waterworth Dawn , Song Kijoung , Vollenweider Peter , Waeber Gerard , Zukowska-Szczechowska Ewa , Burton Paul R. , Mooser Vincent , Charchar Fadi J. , Thompson John R. , Tobin Martin D. , Samani Nilesh J.
Published: November 2010

Genetic determinants of blood pressure are poorly defined. We undertook a large-scale, gene-centric analysis to identify loci and pathways associated with ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in 2020 individuals from 520 white European nuclear families (the Genetic Regulation of Arterial Pressure of Humans in the Community Study) and genotyped their DNA using the Illumina HumanCVD BeadChip array, which contains ≈50 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in >2000 cardiovascular candidate loci. We found a strong association between rs13306560 polymorphism in the promoter region of MTHFR and CLCN6 and mean 24-hour diastolic blood pressure; each minor allele copy of rs13306560 was associated with 2.6 mm Hg lower mean 24-hour diastolic blood pressure (
P
=1.2×10
−8
). rs13306560 was also associated with clinic diastolic blood pressure in a combined analysis of 8129 subjects from the Genetic Regulation of Arterial Pressure of Humans in the Community Study, the CoLaus Study, and the Silesian Cardiovascular Study (
P
=5.4×10
−6
). Additional analysis of associations between variants in gene ontology-defined pathways and mean 24-hour blood pressure in the Genetic Regulation of Arterial Pressure of Humans in the Community Study showed that cell survival control signaling cascades could play a role in blood pressure regulation. There was also a significant overrepresentation of rare variants (minor allele frequency: <0.05) among polymorphisms showing at least nominal association with mean 24-hour blood pressure indicating that a considerable proportion of its heritability may be explained by uncommon alleles. Through a large-scale gene-centric analysis of ambulatory blood pressure, we identified an association of a novel variant at the MTHFR/CLNC6 locus with diastolic blood pressure and provided new insights into the genetic architecture of blood pressure.
Apolipoprotein C-II and lipoprotein lipase show a temporal and geographic correlation with surfactant lipid synthesis in preparation for birth
Authors: Côté Mélissa , Provost Pierre R , Gérard-Hudon Marie-Christine , Tremblay Yves
Published: November 2010

Background

Fatty acids are precursors in the synthesis of surfactant phospholipids. Recently, we showed expression of apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II), the essential cofactor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), in the fetal mouse lung and found the protein on the day of the surge of surfactant synthesis (gestation day 17.5) in secretory granule-like structures in the distal epithelium. In the present study, we will answer the following questions: Does apoC-II protein localization change according to the stage of lung development, thus according to the need in surfactant? Are LPL molecules translocated to the luminal surface of capillaries? Do the sites of apoC-II and LPL gene expression change according to the stage of lung development and to protein localization?

Results

The present study investigated whether the sites of apoC-II and LPL mRNA and protein accumulation are regulated in the mouse lung between gestation day 15 and postnatal day 10. The major sites of apoC-II and LPL gene expression changed over time and were found mainly in the distal epithelium at the end of gestation but not after birth. Accumulation of apoC-II in secretory granule-like structures was not systematically observed, but was found in the distal epithelium only at the end of gestation and soon after birth, mainly in epithelia with no or small lumina. A noticeable increase in surfactant lipid content was measured before the end of gestation day 18, which correlates temporally with the presence of apoC-II in secretory granules in distal epithelium with no or small lumina but not with large lumina. LPL was detected in capillaries at all the developmental times studied.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that apoC-II and LPL mRNAs correlate temporally and geographically with surfactant lipid synthesis in preparation for birth and suggests that fatty acid recruitment from the circulation by apoC-II-activated LPL is regionally modulated by apoC-II secretion. We propose a model where apoC-II is retained in secretory granules in distal epithelial cells until the lumina reaches a minimum size, and is then secreted when the rate of surfactant production becomes optimal.
miSolRNA: A tomato micro RNA relational database
Authors: Bazzini Ariel A , Asís Ramón , González Virginia , Bassi Sebastián , Conte Mariana , Soria Marcelo , Fernie Alisdair R , Asurmendi Sebastián , Carrari Fernando
Published: November 2010

Background

The economic importance of Solanaceae plant species is well documented and tomato has become a model for functional genomics studies. In plants, important processes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNA).

Description

We describe here a data base integrating genetic map positions of miRNA-targeted genes, their expression profiles and their relations with quantitative fruit metabolic loci and yield associated traits. miSolRNA provides a metadata source to facilitate the construction of hypothesis aimed at defining physiological modes of action of regulatory process underlying the metabolism of the tomato fruit.

Conclusions

The MiSolRNA database allows the simple extraction of metadata for the proposal of new hypothesis concerning possible roles of miRNAs in the regulation of tomato fruit metabolism. It permits i) to map miRNAs and their predicted target sites both on expressed (SGN-UNIGENES) and newly annotated sequences (BAC sequences released), ii) to co-locate any predicted miRNA-target interaction with metabolic QTL found in tomato fruits, iii) to retrieve expression data of target genes in tomato fruit along their developmental period and iv) to design further experiments for unresolved questions in complex trait biology based on the use of genetic materials that have been proven to be a useful tools for map-based cloning experiments in Solanaceae plant species.
Patterns and seasonality of malaria transmission in the forest-savannah transitional zones of Ghana
Authors: Dery Dominic B , Brown Charles , Asante Kwaku Poku , Adams Mohammed , Dosoo David , Amenga-Etego Seeba , Wilson Mike , Chandramohan Daniel , Greenwood Brian , Owusu-Agyei Seth
Published: November 2010

Background

Knowledge of the local pattern of malaria transmission and the effect of season on transmission is essential for the planning and evaluation of malaria interventions. Therefore, entomological surveys were carried out in the forest-savannah transitional belt of Ghana (Kintampo) from November 2003 to November 2005 in preparation for drug and vaccine trials.

Results

A total of 23,406 mosquitoes were caught from 919 traps over the two-year period (November 2003 to November 2005): 54.3% were Culicines, 36.2% Anopheles funestus, and 9.4% Anopheles gambiae. Infection rates with Plasmodium
falciparum were 4.7% and 1.5% for Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus, respectively. Entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were 269 infective bites per person per year in the first year (November 2003-October 2004) and 231 the following year (November 2004-November 2005). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis detected only Anopheles
gambiae s.s. Nineteen mosquitoes were tested by PCR in the wet season; 16 were S-molecular form, 2 M-molecular form and 1 hybrid (S/M). In the dry season, sixteen mosquitoes were tested; 11 S-molecular form, 2 M-molecular form and 3 S/M hybrids. The frequency of knock down resistance (kdr) genotypes F(R) was 0.60.

Conclusion

The dynamics and seasonal abundance of malaria vectors in the Kintampo area was influenced by micro-ecology, rainfall and temperature patterns. Transmission patterns did not differ significantly between the two years (2004 and 2005) and both Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus were identified as effective vectors. EIR estimates in 2004/2005 were between 231 and 269 infective bites per person per year. The information provided by the study will help in planning intensified malaria control activities as well as evaluating the impact of malaria interventions in the middle belt of Ghana.
Orthovoltage intraoperative radiation therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bachireddy Pavan , Tseng Diane , Horoschak Melissa , Chang Daniel T , Koong Albert C , Kapp Daniel S , Tran Phuoc T
Published: November 2010

Purpose

To analyze the outcomes of patients from a single institution treated with surgery and orthovoltage intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 23 consecutive patients from 1990-2001 treated with IORT to 23 discrete sites with median and mean follow up of 6.5 and 21 months, respectively. Most tumors were located in the head of the pancreas (83%) and sites irradiated included: tumor bed (57%), vessels (26%), both the tumor bed/vessels (13%) and other (4%). The majority of patients (83%) had IORT at the time of their definitive surgery. Three patients had preoperative chemoradiation (13%). Orthovoltage X-rays (200-250 kVp) were employed via individually sized and beveled cone applicators. Additional mean clinical characteristics include: age 64 (range 41-81); tumor size 4 cm (range 1.4-11); and IORT dose 1106 cGy (range 600-1500). Post-operative external beam radiation (EBRT) or chemotherapy was given to 65% and 76% of the assessable patients, respectively. Outcomes measured were infield control (IFC), loco-regional control (LRC), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related complications.

Results

Kaplan-Meier (KM) 2-year IFC, LRC, DMFS and OS probabilities for the whole group were 83%, 61%, 26%, and 27%, respectively. Our cohort had three grade 3-5 complications associated with treatment (surgery and IORT).

Conclusions

Orthovoltage IORT following tumor reductive surgery is reasonably well tolerated and seems to confer in-field control in carefully selected patients. However, distant metastases remain the major problem for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
The right vertical infra-axillary incision for mitral valve replacement
Authors: Li Qing-guo , Wang Qiang , Wang Dong-jin
Published: November 2010

Background

As the physiologic results of valve surgery have improved dramatically in recent years, the cosmetic effect of the procedure gains increased attention, and various alternatives to the standard median sternotomy have been developed for mitral valve surgery. We report a new minimally invasive and cosmetic approach for mitral valve replacement.

Methods

From December 2003 to December 2009, the right vertical infra-axillary incision (RVIAI) was employed to perform mitral valve replacement in 256 patients. 62.9% patients had replaced mechanical valve, others were bioprosthetic valve, at the same time 28.1% patients received tricuspid valvuloplasty.

Results

There were one hospital death in this series due to multiple organ failure, one reoperation for bleeding and one incision infection. Mean follow-up duration was 42.8 months (range, 3 to 72), and follow-up rate was 94%. There were no paravalvular leaks or late death during the follow up.

Conclusions

The RVIAI can be performed with favorable cosmetic and clinical results. It provides a good alternative to standard median sternotomy for MVR in selected patients.
Acute hydrothorax complicating peritoneal dialysis: a case report
Authors: Cho Yeoungjee , D'Intini Vincent , Ranganathan Dwarkanathan
Published: November 2010

Introduction

Acute hydrothorax is an uncommon but a well-recognized complication of peritoneal dialysis. No single test is definitive for diagnosis. Although it is not a life-threatening condition, hydrothorax often requires abandonment of peritoneal dialysis. Delay in diagnosis can lead to worsening of the clinical status.

Case Presentation

A 33-year-old Caucasian woman with lupus, who was successfully treated with temporary peritoneal dialysis 17 years previously, presented with acute dyspnea and a right pleural effusion after recommencing peritoneal dialysis. Investigations eliminated infective, cardiac, and primary respiratory causes. Peritoneal dialysis-related hydrothorax was suggested by biochemistry, and a pleuroperitoneal leak was definitively confirmed by using a Tc-99 m DTPA (diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid) scintigraphy scan. Subsequently, she underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy-guided talc pleurodesis and was able to return successfully to peritoneal dialysis.

Conclusion

Although our case is not the first report that describes the occurrence of acute hydrothorax in peritoneal dialysis, it is an important condition to recognize for the wider general medical community. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that peritoneal dialysis can be continued with a hydrothorax, provided the underlying cause can be corrected. We review the literature pertaining to the utility and reliability of different diagnostic approaches to hydrothorax.
The public health implications of antiretroviral therapy – 2011 and beyond
Authors: De Cock KM
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
ART achievements and challenges in Africa
Authors: Hakim J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The state of PI monotherapy and NRTI‐sparing therapy
Authors: Arribas JR
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy is 6% less effective than combination antiretroviral therapy in a meta‐analysis
Authors: Bierman WFW , Humphreys EH , van Agtmael MA , Boucher CA , Rutherford GW
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The pharmacokinetic and safety profile of raltegravir and ribavirin, when dosed separately and together, in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ashby J , Garvey LJ , Erlwein OW , Lamba H , Weston R , Legg K , McClure MO , Dickinson L , D'Avolio A , Back DJ , Winston A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
How early to start: what do observational data suggest?
Authors: Sterne J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV — coming your way
Authors: Foster C
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Activity of the integrase inhibitor S/GSK1349572 in subjects with HIV exhibiting raltegravir resistance: week 24 results of the VIKING study (ING112961)
Authors: Eron J , Livrozet JM , Morlat P , Lazzarin A , Katlama C , Hawkins T , Fujiwara T , Cuffe R , Vavro C , Santiago J , Ait‐Khaled M , Min S , Yeo JM
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Prevalence and factors associated with severe vitamin D deficiency in HIV/hepatitis C co‐infected patients
Authors: Surah S , Samarawickrama A , Campbell L , Kulasegaram R , Post F , Fisher M , Peters B , Fox J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Changing HIV guidelines: how to communicate treatment start
Authors: Fehr J , Nicca D , Langewitz W , Haerry D , Battegay M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Identifying causes of loss to follow up in newly diagnosed HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Fridman V , Bello NS , Lasala MB
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Development of drug resistance among HIV‐1 F1 sub‐type patients with treatment failure
Authors: Temereanca A , Sultana CM , Manolescu L , Vagu C , Grancea C , Ruta S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Lack of utility of phosphate serum monitoring in HIV‐infected patients on a tenofovir‐based antiretroviral regimen
Authors: Wikman P , Safont P , Perez‐Elías MJ , Moreno A , Dronda F , Moreno S , Casado JL
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Salvage therapy with raltegravir in a 3‐month‐old infant
Authors: Brolund AB , Ilchmann C , Ganschow R , Degen O
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Audit of telephone HIV clinics: effective and acceptable
Authors: Woolley WFC , Babu C , Sukthankar A , McQuillan O
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Sustained virological response in HIV/HCV co‐infected patients without rapid virological response (RVR) on peginterferon‐ribavirin therapy
Authors: Labarga P , Vispo ME , Guardiola JM , Miralles C , Martín‐Carbonero L , Portu J , Barreiro P , Miralles P , Morello J , Tellez MJ , Bancalero P , Asensi V , Rallón NI , Santos I , Morano L , Aguirrebengoa K , Rios MJ , Rubio R , Neukam K , González‐Lahoz J , Soriano V
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Clinical profile of HIV/AIDS patients admitted to a tertiary outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Aydin Altuntas O , Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu H , Korkusuz R , Nazlican O
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Low immunogenicity of whole virion, verocell‐derived, inactivated, pandemic influenza H1N1 vaccine in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Lagler H , Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer K , Touzeau‐Römer V , Tobudic S , Rieger A , Burgmann H
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
No effect of a single supratherapeutic dose of lersivirine, a next‐generation NNRTI, on QTc interval in healthy subjects
Authors: Vourvahis M , Wong R , Ndongo NM , O'Gorman M , Tawadrous M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Therapeutics designed to neutralize soluble HIV tat protein could preserve IL‐7 signaling and CD8 T‐cell function in HIV+ patients
Authors: Faller EM , Sugden SM , MacPherson PA
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive lung disease in HIV‐infected patients in the HAART era
Authors: Madeddu G , Fois AG , Calia GM , Becciu F , Piras B , Fiori ML , Spada V , Lovigu C , Mannazzu M , Pirina P , Mura MS
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
High plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk among HIV‐infected subjects
Authors: Spagnuolo V , Galli L , Salpietro S , Vinci C , Cossarini F , Travi G , Rubinacci A , Mignogna G , Cernuschi M , Bossolasco S , Lazzarin A , Castagna A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Cost‐effectiveness of atazanavir‐ritonavir versus lopinavir‐ritonavir in HIV patients initiating first‐line antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Broder MS , Juday T , Uy J , Chang EY , Bentley TGK
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Changing antiretrovirals whilst viral load <50 copies/ml and relationship with CD4 count changes
Authors: Mocroft A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Darunavir in experienced patients
Authors: Sterrantino G , Borchi B , Trotta M , Bartolozzi D , Leoncini F
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Use of once‐daily raltegravir‐based HAART in HIV‐infected injection drug users
Authors: Tossonian HK , Raffa JD , Alenezi O , Anderson K , Jassemi S , Wight K , DeVlaming S , Conway B
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Tolerance and durability of abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC)‐containing regimens: results from a large prospective French cohort
Authors: Cuzin L , Allavena C , Levy‐Bachelot L , Valantin MA , Mellliez H , Pugliese P , Poizot‐Martin I , Duvivier C , Finkielsztejn L , Abel S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Switching to dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine: a simplification strategy
Authors: Tyrer M , Swaden L , Marshall NJ , Johnson M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Treatment of HIV‐2 infection: a retrospective study from a Portuguese center
Authors: Marques N , Seixas D , Crespo P , Malcata L , Vaz J , Mota V , Morais C , Oliveira J , Duque V , Saraiva da Cunha J , Meliço‐Silvestre A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
British HIV and ageing study. HIV and ageing: older people with HIV, who are they?
Authors: Allan S , Daly RA , Yoganathan Y , Barrett S , Joseph A , Tariq A , Saing CW , Williams C , Lane C , Sikorska J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Immune impairment and adaptive response in relation to antiretroviral therapy of HIV‐infection
Authors: Kaminskiy GD , Pronin AJ
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Cardiovascular risk in patients visiting the Hadassah AIDS Center, Jerusalem
Authors: Schulman S , Rotshild V , Pops K Olshtein , Korem M , Israel S , Hauzi M , Maayan S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
SUPPORT: 48‐week results of fosamprenavir/ritonavir vs efavirenz with abacavir/lamivudine in under‐represented, antiretroviral‐naïve patients
Authors: Kumar P , DeJesus E , Huhn G , Sloan L , Garcia F , Small C , Edelstein H , Felizarta F , Hao R , Ha B , Stancil B , Ross L , Oie K , Pappa K
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Alexithymia, an impairment of emotional cognitive processing, is a candidate risk factor for carotid artery plaque formation in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Vadini F , Sozio F , Mazzotta E , Agostinone C , Ursini T , Agostinone A , Placido G , Manzoli LM , Parruti G
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in Romanian HIV‐infected adults
Authors: Arbune M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Nutritional status in HIV‐infected patients using Changi's mini nutritional assessment
Authors: Cervero M , Alcázar V , Sanz R , García‐La Calle C , Agud JL
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Chronic kidney disease in patients with normal eGFR at baseline: results from EuroSIDA
Authors: Ryom L , Mocroft A , Reiss P , Ledergerber B , De Wit S , Duiculescu D , Monforte AD , Murphy M , Lundgren JD , Kirk O
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in HIV‐infected patients: a reliable and low‐cost technique for bone health assessment
Authors: Marocco R , Martini H , Belvisi V , Tieghi T , Cesareo R , Del Borgo C , Lichtner M , Mastroianni CM
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung in der Humangenetischen Diagnostik / Next-generation sequencing in genetic diagnostics
Authors: Biskup Saskia
Published: November 2010

Die Einführung der Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung in die humangenetische Diagnostik erfordert ein Umdenken auf vielen Ebenen mit überwiegend positiven, teilweise sogar revolutionären Aspekten. Diese sollen in diesem Beitrag neben den ebenso wichtigen kritischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt werden. Die Zeiten, in denen vom Arzt indizierte oder vom Ratsuchenden gewünschte genetische Diagnostik sich über Monate bis Jahre bis zum mitgeteilten Ergebnis hinzog, gehören bereits der Vergangenheit an. Deutschland hat sich mit dem seit Kurzem in Kraft getretenen Gendiagnostikgesetz für die bevorstehende Revolution in der human-genetischen Diagnostik gerüstet. Im Folgenden soll anhand von vier häufigen Erkrankungen mit erblicher Komponente (Demenz, Parkinson-Krankheit, Epilepsie und erbliche Augenerkrankung) ein Ausblick in die greifbare Zukunft der humangenetischen Diagnostik gegeben werden.
Neonatal Gardner Fibroma: A Sentinel Presentation of Severe Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Levesque Sebastien , Ahmed Najma , Nguyen Van-Hung , Nahal Ayoub , Blumenkrantz Miriam , Puligandla Pramod , Chong George , Foulkes William D.
Published: November 2010

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare cause of colorectal cancer and rarely presents in early childhood. Various extracolonic manifestations, however, may be present before the development of overt polyposis. One of the rarest manifestations is the Gardner fibroma (GAF), which has particular histologic features. Here we report the case of a child who presented in the neonatal period with a paraspinal mass. Although the initial diagnosis was unclear, biopsy of a second lesion at 32 months of age, and a review of the first lesion, resulted in the diagnosis of GAF. After rectal bleeding at 47 months, colonoscopy revealed 75 to 100 colonic polyps. Adenomas were identified in multiple biopsies throughout the colon and from several polyps located in the duodenum. Polyps were visualized in the jejunum by wireless-capsule endoscopy. A total proctocolectomy was performed, and no malignant transformation was observed in the colon on pathologic inspection. A truncating mutation in APC (c.4479_4480delGG p.Glu1494LysfsX19) was identified in the child. Her parents and sister do not carry this mutation in lymphocyte DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of neonatal GAF as the presenting feature of a molecularly confirmed case of sporadic FAP and the earliest colonic and small bowel involvement reported of FAP. It illustrates the need to exclude FAP in a child who harbors fibromas suggestive of GAF, even in the absence of supportive evidence of FAP in the patient or relatives.
Fatores associados à amamentação na primeira hora de vida
Authors: Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , Carvalho Márcia Lazaro de , Oliveira Maria Inês Couto de , Vasconcellos Ana Glória Godoi
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados à amamentação na primeira hora de vida (Passo 4 da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com amostra representativa de parturientes em maternidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, entre 1999 e 2001. Foram excluídos recém-nascidos ou mães com restrição ao aleitamento materno, resultando em amostra de 8.397 binômios. Foi adotado modelo Poisson com efeitos aleatórios ao nível das maternidades, em abordagem hierarquizada com três níveis: distal, intermediário e proximal para características maternas, do recém-nascido, e de assistência ao pré-natal e hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Amamentaram na primeira hora de vida 16% das mães. O aleitamento materno nesse período foi menos prevalente entre os recém-nascidos com intercorrências imediatas após o parto (RP = 0,47; IC99% 0,15;0,80); entre as mães que não tiveram contato com os recém-nascidos na sala de parto (RP = 0,62; IC99% 0,29;0,95), as que tiveram parto cesariano (RP = 0,48; IC99% 0,24;0,72); e cujo parto ocorreu em maternidade privada (RP = 0,06; IC99% 0,01;0,19) ou conveniada com o Sistema Único de Saúde (RP = 0,16; IC99% 0,01;0,30). O efeito de contexto das maternidades foi estatisticamente significativo. CONCLUSÕES: Em nível individual, a amamentação na primeira hora de nascimento foi prejudicada por práticas inadequadas nas maternidades, em particular as privadas e conveniadas com o Sistema Único de Saúde. O efeito de grupo das maternidades e a ausência de fatores individuais maternos que expliquem o desfecho sugerem que as mães têm pouco ou nenhum poder de decisão sobre essa amamentação e dependem das práticas institucionais vigentes nas maternidades.
Macroautophagy Regulates Energy Metabolism during Effector T Cell Activation
Authors: Hubbard Vanessa M. , Valdor Rut , Patel Bindi , Singh Rajat , Cuervo Ana Maria , Macian Fernando
Published: November 2010

Macroautophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of lysosomal-mediated protein degradation that plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by recycling amino acids, reducing the amount of damaged proteins, and regulating protein levels in response to extracellular signals. We have found that macroautophagy is induced after effector T cell activation. Engagement of the TCR and CD28 results in enhanced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) processing, increased numbers of LC3-containing vesicles, and increased LC3 flux, indicating active autophagosome formation and clearance. The autophagosomes formed in stimulated T cells actively fuse with lysosomes to degrade their cargo. Using a conditional KO mouse model where Atg7, a critical gene for macroautophagy, is specifically deleted in T cells, we have found that macroautophagy-deficient effector Th cells have defective IL-2 and IFN-γ production and reduced proliferation after stimulation, with no significant increase in apoptosis. We have found that ATP generation is decreased when autophagy is blocked, and defects in activation-induced cytokine production are restored when an exogenous energy source is added to macroautophagy-deficient T cells. Furthermore, we present evidence showing that the nature of the cargo inside autophagic vesicles found in resting T cells differs from the cargo of autophagosomes in activated T cells, where mitochondria and other organelles are selectively excluded. These results suggest that macroautophagy is an actively regulated process in T cells that can be induced in response to TCR engagement to accommodate the bioenergetic requirements of activated T cells.
Noncytotoxic Inhibition of Cytomegalovirus Replication through NK Cell Protease Granzyme M-Mediated Cleavage of Viral Phosphoprotein 71
Authors: van Domselaar Robert , Philippen Leonne E. , Quadir Razi , Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. J. , Kummer J. Alain , Bovenschen Niels
Published: November 2010

Granzyme M (GrM) is highly expressed in cytotoxic granules of NK cells, which provide the first line of defense against viral pathogens. GrM knockout mice show increased susceptibility toward murine CMV infection. Although GrM is a potent inducer of cell death, the mechanism by which GrM eliminates viruses remains elusive. In this paper, we show that purified human GrM in combination with the perforin-analog streptolysin O (SLO) strongly inhibited human CMV (HCMV) replication in fibroblasts in the absence of host cell death. In a proteomic approach, GrM was highly specific toward the HCMV proteome and most efficiently cleaved phosphoprotein 71 (pp71), an HCMV tegument protein that is critical for viral replication. Cleavage of pp71 occurred when viral lysates were incubated with purified GrM, when intact cells expressing recombinant pp71 were challenged with living cytotoxic effector cells, and when HCMV-infected fibroblasts were incubated with SLO and purified GrM. GrM directly cleaved pp71 after Leu439, which coincided with aberrant cellular localization of both pp71 cleavage fragments as determined by confocal immunofluorescence. In a luciferase reporter assay, cleavage of pp71 after Leu439 by GrM completely abolished the ability of pp71 to transactivate the HCMV major immediate-early promoter, which is indispensable for effective HCMV replication. Finally, GrM decreased immediate-early 1 protein expression in HCMV-infected fibroblasts. These results indicate that the NK cell protease GrM mediates cell death-independent antiviral activity by direct cleavage of a viral substrate.