bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government data openness and knowledge management: configurational patterns for national competitiveness
Authors: Ham Juyeon , Koo Yunmo , Lee Jae Nam
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In the data economy era, despite the tremendous effort of governments to actively provide and use open data, its effect on national performance such as competitiveness differs widely from country to country. A sufficient knowledge base and its appropriate management are important to effectively derive the potential value from open data. A country can implement multiple and equally viable means to effectively align open data with knowledge management, which lead to high national performance. However, previous studies lack consideration of the possibility of these various configurations. To fill the research gap, this study aims to investigate the configurational patterns constituted by government data openness and knowledge management for national competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

From the open innovation perspective, this study collected data from the global reports of 76 countries and examined them through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings

Four configurational patterns are identified, namely, coupled (outbound-focused)-, coupled (inbound-focused)-, inbound-focused-, and outbound-focused national competitiveness.

Originality/value

This study provides a foundation that enables researchers to build a holistic and balanced perspective that can manage open government data and develop knowledge management capability.
Opposing effects of spatiotemporal variation in resources and temporal variation in climate on density dependent population growth in seabirds
Authors: Searle Kate R. , Butler Adam , Waggitt James J. , Evans Peter G. H. , Bogdanova Maria I , Hobbs N. Thompson , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah
Published: September 2022

Understanding how ecological processes combine to shape population dynamics is crucial in a rapidly changing world. Evidence has been emerging for how fundamental drivers of density dependence in mobile species are related to two differing types of environmental variation—temporal variation in climate, and spatiotemporal variation in food resources. However, to date, tests of these hypotheses have been largely restricted to mid‐trophic species in terrestrial environments and thus their general applicability remains unknown.

We tested if these same processes can be identified in marine upper trophic level species. We assembled a multi‐decadal data set on population abundance of 10 species of colonial seabirds comprising a large component of the UK breeding seabird biomass, and covering diverse phylogenies, life histories and foraging behaviours.

We tested for evidence of density dependence in population growth rates using discrete time state‐space population models fit to long time‐series of observations of abundance at seabird breeding colonies. We then assessed if the strength of density dependence in population growth rates was exacerbated by temporal variation in climate (sea temperature and swell height), and attenuated by spatiotemporal variation in prey resources (productivity and tidal fronts).

The majority of species showed patterns consistent with temporal variation in climate acting to strengthen density dependent feedbacks to population growth. However, fewer species showed evidence for a weakening of density dependence with increasing spatiotemporal variation in prey resources.

Our findings extend this emerging theory for how different sources of environmental variation may shape the dynamics and regulation of animal populations, demonstrating its role in upper trophic marine species. We show that environmental variation leaves a signal in long‐term population dynamics of seabirds with potentially important consequences for their demography and trophic interactions.
Functional evaluation of the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling pathway in determination of wing polyphenism in pea aphid
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Wang Yanyan , Ye Wanwan , Yuan Erliang , Di Jian , Chen Xin , Xing Yanling , Sun Yucheng , Ge Feng
Published: September 2022

Wing polyphenism is a common phenomenon that plays key roles in environmental adaptation of insects. Insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is a highly conserved pathway in regulation of metabolism, development, and growth in metazoans. It has been reported that IIS is required for switching of wing morph in brown planthopper via regulating the development of the wing pad. However, it remains elusive whether and how IIS pathway regulates transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphid. In this study, we found that pairing and solitary treatments can induce pea aphids to produce high and low percentage winged offspring, respectively. The expression level of ILP5 (insulin‐like peptide 5) in maternal head was significantly higher upon solitary treatment in comparison with pairing, while silencing of ILP5 caused no obvious change in the winged offspring ratio. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of FoxO (Forkhead transcription factor subgroup O) in stage 20 embryos significantly increased the winged offspring ratio. The results of pharmacological and quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that the embryonic insulin receptors may not be involved in wing polyphenism. Additionally, ILP4 and ILP11 exhibited higher expression levels in 1st wingless offspring than in winged offspring. We demonstrate that FoxO negatively regulates the wing morph development in embryos. ILPs may regulate aphid wing polyphenism in a developmental stage‐specific manner. However, the regulation may be not mediated by the canonical IIS pathway. The findings advance our understanding of IIS pathway in insect transgenerational wing polyphenism.
Ambiguous culture in Greenland police: Proposing a multi‐dimensional framework of organizational culture for Human Resource Management theory and practice
Authors: Muhr Sara Louise , Holck Lotte , Just Sine Nørholm
Published: September 2022

This article places ambiguity at the centre of Human Resource Management theory and practice of organizational culture and advances a multi‐dimensional framework that makes productive use of tensions between cultural integration and differentiation. Providing an illustrative analysis of Greenland Police, we identify a clash between a strong integrational pull and a similarly powerful differentiating force, involving an integrated occupational culture and differentiated national sub‐cultures. This clash, we show, becomes productive when organizational members articulate and enact ambiguous identities. Emphasising the contextuality of organizational culture, we do not believe the empirical findings to be generalisable, but, instead, offer the analytical framework for studying multi‐dimensional organizational culture as our main contribution. Conceptually, we emphasise how ambiguity is articulated in and between integration and differentiation, thus enhancing the relationality of the dimensions. The practical aim is to set ambiguous dynamics in motion that enable productive relations between different cultural dimensions.
Primary concurrent chemoradiation therapy with triweekly cisplatin as a standard protocol in patients aged ≥65 years with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Kwak Ji Hye , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho , Lee Jeong Eun
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate the results of primary concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with triweekly cisplatin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) aged ≥65 years by comparing these patients to those aged < 65 years.

Methods

This prospective, single‐center study enrolled patients with HNSCC for whom CCRT was indicated as the primary treatment. The major endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 169 patients were enrolled; 75 (44.4%) and 94 (55.6%) patients were aged ≥65 and < 65 years, respectively. The mean cumulative cisplatin doses were 192.8 mg/m2 and 212.3 mg/m2 in patients ≥65 and < 65, respectively (p < .001). The incidence rates of any grade 3–4 toxicities were 37.3% and 51.1% in the age ≥65 and < 65 groups, respectively (p = .085). The 5‐year locoregional control, distant control, PFS, ultimate PFS, and disease‐specific survival were comparable between both groups. The 5‐year OS was significantly lower in the ≥65 group than the < 65 group (65.5% vs. 86.4%, p = .010) due to a lower salvage rate and higher incidence of non‐HNSCC‐related death. In a Cox regression analysis, age ≥65 years was not associated with increased risk of treatment failure but was associated with higher overall death rate (hazard ratio, 2.590; 95% confidence interval, 1.219–5.502; p = .013).

Conclusion

CCRT with a triweekly cisplatin regimen could act as the standard of ca for HNSCC in elderly patients. However, the relatively lower OS compared to younger patients should be acknowledged, despite a favorable disease control rates.
A practical toolbox for the effective transition of adolescents and young adults with asthma and allergies: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Gore Claudia , Alviani Cherry , Angier Elizabeth , Blumchen Katharina , Comberiati Pasquale , Duca Bettina , DunnGalvin Audrey , Garriga‐Baraut Teresa , Gowland M. Hazel , Egmose Britt , Knibb Rebecca , Khaleva Ekaterina , Mortz Charlotte G. , Pfaar Oliver , Pite Helena , Podesta Marcia , Santos Alexandra F. , Sanchez‐Garcia Silvia , Timmermans Frans , Roberts Graham
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Adolescence is a critical stage of rapid biological, emotional and social change and development. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with asthma and allergies need to develop the knowledge and skills to self‐manage their health independently. Healthcare professionals (HCP), parents and their wider network play an essential role in supporting AYA in this process. Previous work showed significant limitations in transition care across Europe. In 2020, the first evidence‐based guideline on effective transition for AYA with asthma and allergies was published by EAACI.

Aim

We herein summarize practical resources to support this guideline's implementation in clinical practice.

Methods

For this purpose, multi‐stakeholder Task Force members searched for resources in peer review journals and grey literature. These resources were included if relevant and of good quality and were pragmatically rated for their evidence‐basis and user friendliness.

Results

Resources identified covered a range of topics and targeted healthcare professionals, AYA, parents/carers, schools, workplace and wider community. Most resources were in English, web‐based and had limited evidence‐basis.

Conclusions

This position paper provides a valuable selection of practical resources for all stakeholders to support effective transitional care for AYA with asthma and allergies. Future research should focus on developing validated, patient‐centred tools to further assist evidence‐based transition care.
Comparative efficacy of treatments for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review with network meta‐analyses
Authors: van Dijk Elon H. C. , Feenstra Helena M. A. , Bjerager Jakob , Grauslund Jakob , Boon Camiel J. F. , Subhi Yousif
Published: September 2022

Treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) remains a topic of controversy. As cCSC is a disease that can wax and wane, treatment efficacy is difficult to assess especially when trials compare active treatments without any placebo/control group. In this study, we systematically reviewed short‐term efficacies of any cCSC treatment tested in randomized controlled trials (RCT) and employed network meta‐analyses to compare to non‐treatment controls. We searched 11 literature databases on 20 March 2022 for RCTs of treatment of cCSC. We identified 17 RCTs including a total of 1172 eyes. Treatments included conventional laser (44 eyes), half‐dose or half‐fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) (298 eyes), ranibizumab (16 eyes), antioxidants (50 eyes), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (187 eyes), rifampicin (91 eyes), selective retina therapy (SRT) (67 eyes) and subthreshold micropulse laser (192 eyes). Compared with controls, significant benefit on complete subretinal fluid resolution was only obtained from half‐dose or half‐fluence PDT (OR: 20.6; 95% CI: 6.3–66.7; p < 0.0001) and conventional laser (OR: 36.4; 95% CI: 2.0–655.7; p = 0.015), and at an order of magnitude lower degree from SRT (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.7–6.8; p = 0.00075). Compared with controls and after sensitivity analyses, significant benefit in the change in best‐corrected visual acuity was only obtained by half‐dose/‐fluence PDT (−0.13 logMAR; 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.06 logMAR; p = 0.00021). In conclusion, three treatment options provide significant improvement over no treatment: half‐dose/‐fluence PDT, conventional laser and to a much lesser degree SRT. Considering that conventional laser can only be applied for extrafoveal leaks, and the long‐term data available for PDT‐based treatments finding persisting treatment results, half‐dose or half‐fluence PDT is the only viable treatment option for patients with cCSC. Shortage issues with verteporfin should not lead to employment of ineffective treatment modalities, as they put patients at unnecessary risk of adverse events.
A less muddy glee? Perspectives from a disabled researcher in the era of virtual global south fieldwork
Authors: Bhakta Amita
Published: September 2022

Challenges to the changing spaces of geography fieldwork have been pronounced during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through one of the most significant shifts since Bracken and Mawdsley wrote ‘Muddy glee’ in 2004, from ‘doing’ to ‘imagining’ fieldwork. Drawing on personal involvement in conducting virtual qualitative fieldwork during the pandemic on the experiences of older people with incontinence and their caregivers in Ethiopia and Malawi as a researcher with cerebral palsy, this commentary assesses new forms of ‘muddiness’ and the possibilities of inclusive data collection to evoke a sense of glee in the virtual field. The commentary reflects on how, away from challenging environments and in the virtual field, researchers with disabilities can discover a less physically ‘muddy’ glee by being included in fieldwork conducted online. The commentary draws on the new, tacit sense of muddiness experienced due to the physical separation between researcher and participant during the virtual era. The author provides reflections on routes to a new glee using technology and redressing the imbalances of power between researchers from the global North and partners in the global South, to further round out the picture of fieldwork to include women with disabilities going beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Navigating the challenges of fieldwork and childcare: Revisiting ‘muddy glee’
Authors: Bastia Tanja , Hope Jessica , Jenkins Katy , Lemanski Charlotte , Meth Paula , Moeller Nina , Williams Glyn
Published: September 2022

This commentary emerges from our collective interest in, and reflections on, the multiple ways in which parents working within Development Geography in UK academia negotiate the complexities of combining periods of overseas fieldwork with family life. Here, we bring our varied experiences of navigating these challenges (emotional, bureaucratic, and practical) into conversation with Bracken and Mawdsley's ‘Muddy glee,’ highlighting the ways in which a recognition of academics', especially female academics', childcare responsibilities has been largely absent from discussions around conducting fieldwork, specifically development fieldwork in the global South.
Modeling genetic benefits and financial costs of integrating biobanking into the conservation breeding of managed marsupials
Authors: Howell Lachlan G. , Mawson Peter R. , Comizzoli Pierre , Witt Ryan R. , Frankham Richard , Clulow Simon , O'Brien Justine K. , Clulow John , Marinari Paul , Rodger John C.
Published: September 2022

Managed breeding programs are an important tool in marsupial conservation efforts but may be costly and have adverse genetic effects in unavoidably small captive colonies. Biobanking and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) could help overcome these challenges, but further demonstration of their potential is required to improve uptake. We used genetic and economic models to examine whether supplementing hypothetical captive populations of dibblers (Parantechinus apicalis) and numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus) with biobanked founder sperm through ARTs could reduce inbreeding, lower required colony sizes, and reduce program costs. We also asked practitioners of the black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) captive recovery program to complete a questionnaire to examine the resources and model species research pathways required to develop an optimized biobanking protocol in the black‐footed ferret. We used data from this questionnaire to devise similar costed research pathways for Australian marsupials. With biobanking and assisted reproduction, inbreeding was reduced on average by between 80% and 98%, colony sizes were on average 99% smaller, and program costs were 69‐ to 83‐fold lower. Integrating biobanking made long‐standing captive genetic retention targets possible in marsupials (90% source population heterozygosity for a minimum of 100 years) within realistic cost frameworks. Lessons from the use of biobanking technology that contributed to the recovery of the black‐footed ferret include the importance of adequate research funding (US$4.2 million), extensive partnerships that provide access to facilities and equipment, colony animals, appropriate research model species, and professional and technical staff required to address knowledge gaps to deliver an optimized biobanking protocol. Applied research investment of A$133 million across marsupial research pathways could deliver biobanking protocols for 15 of Australia's most at‐risk marsupial species and 7 model species. The technical expertise and ex situ facilities exist to emulate the success of the black‐footed ferret recovery program in threatened marsupials using these research pathways. All that is needed now for significant and cost‐effective conservation gains is greater investment by policy makers in marsupial ARTs.
Successful treatment of adult Dravet syndrome patients with cenobamate
Authors: Makridis Konstantin L. , Friedo Anna‐Lena , Kellinghaus Christoph , Losch Florian‐Phillip , Schmitz Bettina , Boßelmann Christian , Kaindl Angela M.
Published: September 2022

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare, drug‐resistant, severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the α subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. Hyperexcitability in DS results from loss of function in inhibitory interneurons. Thus sodium channel blockers are usually contraindicated in patients with DS as they may lead to disease aggravation. Cenobamate (CNB) is a novel antiseizure medication (ASM) with promising rates of seizure freedom in patients with focal‐onset, drug‐resistant epilepsy. CNB blocks persistent sodium currents by promoting the inactive states of sodium channels. In a multi‐center study, we analyzed retrospectively the effect of an add‐on therapy of CNB in adult patients with DS. We report four adult patients with DS in whom the use of CNB resulted in a significant seizure reduction of more than 80%, with a follow‐up of up to 542 days. CNB was the first drug in these patients that resulted in a long‐lasting and significant seizure reduction. No severe adverse events occurred. We highlight CNB as an ASM that may lead to a clinically meaningful reduction of seizure frequency in adult patients with DS. It is unclear, however, if all patients with DS benefit, requiring further investigation and functional experiments.
Self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading to identify history effects on HCF properties of high‐strength low‐alloy steel: Part I—Experimental investigations
Authors: Louge Julien , Moyne Sylvain , Doudard Cédric , Calloch Sylvain , Weber Bastien , Munier Rémi
Published: September 2022

High cycle fatigue properties of steels are usually characterized in the as‐delivered state of the material. However, forming process, variable amplitude and accidental loading, called load history, could affect HCF properties. Given that investigating those history effect of fatigue properties by means of regular fatigue test would be very time consuming, self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading were considered. Two load history effects were studied, a macroscopic plastic pre‐strain and a cyclic pre‐loading, by means of self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading. All of the findings were used to propose a modification of a probabilistic two‐scale model, which links self‐heating measurements to HCF properties, given in the accompanying paper.
Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , Ghalambor Cameron K. , Dewenter Beatrice , Poff N. LeRoy , Hughes Jane , Reich Jollene , Thompson Ross
Published: September 2022

Global warming is increasing mean temperatures and altering temperature variability at multiple temporal scales. To better understand the consequences of changes in thermal variability for ectotherms it is necessary to consider thermal variation at different time scales (i.e., acute, diel, and annual) and the responses of organisms within and across generations. Thermodynamics constrain acute responses to temperature, but within these constraints and over longer time periods, organisms have the scope to adaptively acclimate or evolve. Yet, hypotheses and predictions about responses to future warming tend not to explicitly consider the temporal scale at which temperature varies. Here, focusing on multicellular ectothermic animals, we argue that consideration of multiple processes and constraints associated with various timescales is necessary to better understand how altered thermal variability because of climate change will affect ectotherms.
Oral health‐related quality of life among home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care
Authors: Salmi Riikka , Närhi Timo , Suominen Auli , Suominen Anna Liisa , Lahti Satu
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim was to compare oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) between home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care when adjusted for gender, education, use of dental services and removable dental prostheses.

Background

OHRQoL of home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care is a neglected area of research, with few studies having been conducted.

Materials and Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted on the Finnish Health 2011 interview data. Home‐dwelling participants (age ≥ 70) with or without domiciliary care were included (n = 758). OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP‐14) calculating three outcomes: prevalence of at least one impact reported: “occasionally,” “fairly often” or “very often” (OFoVo), severity as mean sum score and mean of the seven OHIP‐14 dimensions. These were evaluated by use of domiciliary care using logistic and negative binomial regression analyses.

Results

Domiciliary care clients tended to have poorer OHRQoL than non‐clients (severity mean 4.33 vs 4.11, P = .057), especially men (6.71 vs 4.15, P = .027), and reported more psychological discomfort than non‐clients (mean 1.10 vs 0.82, P = .039). The use of removable dental prostheses was the strongest predictor (OR 2.84, P < .001) of poor OHRQoL.

Conclusion

Domiciliary care clients tended to report poorer OHRQoL, especially with regard to psychological discomfort dimension than non‐clients. Thus, support of oral hygiene and regular utilisation of oral health services should be part of domiciliary care among older people to enhance OHRQoL.
Comparative cross‐sectional study of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among mental health and ward nursing staff towards smoking
Authors: Bellali Thalia , Karagkounis Chrysovalantis , Liamopoulou Polixeni , Minasidou Evgenia , Manomenidis Georgios
Published: September 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was twofold: to estimate smoking prevalence among nurses and to compare their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards smoking.

Background

Given the critical role nurses have in the process of patients' smoking cessation both as counsellors and behavioural models, data are needed on their smoking rates and behaviour.

Design

A cross sectional, comparative study was conducted.

Methods

A convenience sample of 847 nurses working in various psychiatric and public hospitals in Northern Greece participated in the study. Data were collected between April and June 2020 using a battery of questionnaires.

Results

Mental health nurses were less likely to consider quitting smoking within the next 6 months (P < 0.001), despite the fact that they reported higher levels of the importance of stop smoking compared to ward nurses (P < 0.05). However, ward nurses were more likely to quit smoking because of the cost of cigarettes (P = 0.024) and for personal reasons (P = 0.040).

Conclusion

Prevalence of smoking in nurses is high. Training and educational programmes are needed to develop the appropriate culture of health promotion among nurses, thus provide a more active support to patients who smoke.
The impact of COVID‐19 on nurses (ICON) survey: Nurses' accounts of what would have helped to improve their working lives
Authors: Ball Jane , Anstee Sydney , Couper Keith , Maben Jill , Blake Holly , Anderson Janet E. , Kelly Daniel , Harris Ruth , Conolly Anna ,   the full ICON Study Team
Published: September 2022

Aims

To use nurses' descriptions of what would have improved their working lives during the first peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK.

Design

Analysis of free‐text responses from a cross‐sectional survey of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce.

Methods

Between 2 and 14 April 2020, 3299 nurses and midwives completed an online survey, as part of the ‘Impact of COVID‐19 on Nurses’ (ICON) study. 2205 (67%) gave answers to a question asking for the top three things that the government or their employer could do to improve their working lives. Each participants' response was coded using thematic and content analysis. Multiple response analysis quantified the frequency of different issues and themes and examined variation by employer.

Results

Most (77%) were employed by the National Health Service (77%) and worked at staff or senior staff nurse levels (55%). 5938 codable responses were generated. Personal protective equipment/staff safety (60.0%), support to workforce (28.6%) and better communication (21.9%) were the most cited themes. Within ‘personal protective equipment’, responses focussed most on available supply. Only 2.8% stated that nothing further could be done. Patterns were similar in both NHS and non‐NHS settings.

Conclusions

The analysis provided valuable insight into key changes required to improve the work lives of nurses during a pandemic. Urgent improvements in provision and quality of personal protective equipment were needed for the safety of both workforce and patients.

Impact

Failure to meet nurses needs to be safe at work appears to have damaged morale in this vital workforce. We identified key strategies that, if implemented by the Government and employers, could have improved the working lives of the nursing and midwifery workforce during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic and could prevent the pandemic from having a longer‐term negative impact on the retention of this vital workforce.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution, due to the COVID‐19 Pandemic, urgency of the work and the target population being health and social care staff.
Evaluation of establishment and maintenance of primary cell cultures from several strains of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Abdelsalam Ehdaa Eltayeb Eltigani , Hucková Pavlina , Piačková Veronika
Published: September 2022

As a surrogate for the whole organism, primary cultures and cell lines serve as valuable tools for investigating exogenous and endogenous cytopathy. Studying cell responsiveness to diseases and contaminants is considered a less demanding and more readily accessible research approach that minimizes animal distress and provides more specific data. In the current work, the authors established primary cultures from several different organs and tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for subsequent use in other applications. They investigated the technical challenges in obtaining successful and durable carp‐derived tissue cultures. The trials indicate that the type of tissue grown, carp strain and fish age impact equally upon culturing success, as do the cultivating conditions. Cells from gill epithelia, head and trunk kidneys, spleen, skin, gonads and ocular tissue were successfully established and maintained for further use in in‐vitro testing. The primary cultures were, therefore, used to investigate and assess pathogens and pollutants emerging in carp's environment.
Online nutrition information for cancer survivors
Authors: Keaver Laura , Huggins Michaela Deane , Chonaill Doireann Ni , O'Callaghan Niamh
Published: September 2022

Background

This research aims to systematically review a comprehensive sample of websites (English‐language) that provide information on nutrition after cancer treatment.

Methods

In consultation with cancer survivors and experts, we developed search strings for an internet search (incognito mode in Google Chrome) to be completed in six English‐speaking countries (Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States); the first 10 results were chosen for each search). Websites/web pages were included if the links related to sites/content that provided information on health post‐treatment in English and aimed at adults (aged above 18 years). Several tools were applied to test the quality, readability and usability of the websites/weblinks.

Results

Initially, 720 links were found, with 159 eligible for inclusion. Those eligible for review were charity/support/non‐governmental organisation weblinks (49.1%) that originated in the United States (42.8%) and did not specify a particular cancer type (65.4%). One‐third (n = 59, 37.1%) of these links contained nutrition guidance; however, these lacked practical implementation strategies. Most of the websites/web pages were not Health On the Net certified and lacked overall quality, with a mean International Patient Decision Aids Standards score of 20.4/40 and a Journal of the American Medical Association score of 1/4. Readability failed to meet ideal levels. Only 32.5% (n = 13) of the web pages/weblinks met the benchmark for usability.

Conclusion

Cancer survivors seeking nutrition information online may encounter difficulty locating advice, and where they do, it is unlikely to contain guidance on implementation into day‐to‐day life. This is concerning, given the important role nutrition can play in cancer survivorship.
Do sauces, condiments and seasonings contribute important amounts of nutrients to Australian dietary intakes?
Authors: Whatnall Megan , Clarke Erin D. , Schumacher Tracy , Rollo Megan E. , Bucher Tamara , Ashton Lee M. , Burrows Tracy , Collins Clare E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Dietary assessment commonly focuses on particular foods/food groups as indicators of overall dietary intake. Accompaniments such as sauces are not often a focus. The present study describes daily intakes of sauces, condiments and seasonings (SCS) using the most recent Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS), as well as the contribution to total energy and selected nutrient intakes.

Methods

NNPAS dietary data were collected by one 24‐h recall for 12,153 individuals aged ≥ 2 years (53% female, 29% aged 31–50 years). SCS (i.e., any food items not normally consumed as a food itself, consumed as an addition to a dish after cooking/preparation to enhance flavour) were identified/coded within the dietary data and reported in terms of how they were consumed, primary composition, and contribution to total daily energy and selected macro‐ and micronutrient intakes.

Results

Most participants (85.1%) reported consuming at least one SCS on the day of the recall (median [interquartile range], 2 [1–4]). SCS were predominantly consumed within main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) (73.9%), and were predominantly sugar/sugar products (e.g., white sugar) (35.0%), or fats and oils (e.g., butter) (25.9%). SCS contributed a median (interquartile range) of 3.8% (1.1–7.9) of total energy, 5.3% (0.0–15.5) of fat, 2.3% (0.1–6.6) of carbohydrate and 0.2% (0.01–1.2) of protein intake. SCS made the largest contribution towards vitamin E (females median 3.6%; males median 3.4%) and sodium intakes (females median 3.0%; males median 2.9%).

Conclusions

Although SCS contribute a small proportion of total energy and nutrient intakes in the Australian population, the contribution is more substantial for some nutrients and population groups.
Severe distinct dysautonomia in RFC1‐related disease associated with Parkinsonism
Authors: Record Christopher J. , Alsukhni Rana Alnasser , Curro Riccardo , Kaski Diego , Rubin John S. , Morris Huw R. , Cortese Andrea , Iodice Valeria , Reilly Mary M.
Published: September 2022

Biallelic repeat expansions in replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) have recently been found to cause cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Additional features that have been described include Parkinsonism and a multiple system atrophy (MSA)‐like syndrome. CANVAS can include features of dysautonomia, but they are much milder than typically seen in MSA. We report a detailed autonomic phenotype of multisystem RFC1‐related disease presenting initially as CANVAS. Our patient presented aged 61 with a sensory ataxic neuropathy who rapidly developed widespread autonomic failure and Parkinsonism. The autonomic profile was of a mixed pre‐ and post‐ganglionic syndrome with progressive involvement of sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular and sudomotor function. The Parkinsonism did not respond to levodopa. We present a patient with CANVAS and biallelic RFC1 expansions who developed Parkinsonism with severe autonomic involvement similar to that seen in classical MSA. The link between MSA and CANVAS remains uncertain.
Intergenerational transmission of relationship quality in later‐life families
Authors: Hou Yifei , Suitor J. Jill , Gilligan Megan
Published: September 2022

Objective

This article examines the transmission of older women's relationship quality with their mothers and fathers to their relationship quality with their own adult children in midlife. We also investigate how the transmission is moderated by the dimension of relationship quality (closeness vs. strain) and the gender of both the older women's parents and their adult children.

Background

Prior research has primarily examined parents' transmission of relationship quality to young children with little attention to whether and when this pattern occurs in later‐life families.

Method

We conducted multilevel analyses using data collected from 249 older women and 643 of their adult children as part of the Within‐Family Differences Study‐I.

Results

We found evidence for transmission of older women's reported closeness and tension with their mothers and fathers to their reported closeness and tension with their adult children. Adult children's reports also revealed that older women's closeness with their own mothers was transmitted to their adult children's reported closeness with the older women themselves. Mother–child closeness was transmitted more strongly than mother–child tension, and mother–child closeness was transmitted more strongly to daughters than sons, based on adult children's reports.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the continuity of intergenerational influence in later‐life families and highlights the essential roles that selective social learning and social structural position (i.e., gender) play in conditioning the socialization process.
Organizational Stigma: Taking Stock and Opening New Areas for Research
Authors: Hudson Bryant Ashley , Patterson Karen D. W. , Roulet Thomas J. , Helms Wesley S. , Elsbach Kimberly
Published: September 2022

Since its introduction as a concept, organizational stigma has become central to explaining how organizations or industries become tainted, and how they overcome and manage such taint. In this introduction to the Special Issue on organizational stigma, we start by exploring the origins of the concept, providing basic definitions and reviewing the existing research on stigmatization, stigma transfer and experienced stigma. The papers in this issue flesh out our understanding of what causes organizational stigma and its implications at different levels. The remainder of this introduction takes stock of this recent work to explore future research opportunities around the micro‐ and macro‐foundations of organizational stigma, the links with scandals, controversies and other negative social evaluations and research methods. As the concept of organizational stigma reaches a new stage, we argue that its explanatory power can be harnessed to explore new and increasingly relevant phenomena and contexts.
Lower SES PhD students experience interpersonal disconnection from others both inside and outside of academia
Authors: Park Hyun Joon , Ruberton Peter M. , Smyth Joshua M. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Purdie‐Greenaway Valerie , Cook Jonathan E.
Published: September 2022

Students from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds can experience stigma in undergraduate educational settings but little research on this topic has been conducted at the PhD level. Lower‐SES PhD students may feel lower levels of social integration as they experience incidents of interpersonal disconnection from others inside and outside of academia. Interpersonal disconnection may be a mechanism by which lower‐SES leads to a lower sense of social integration. In this prospective study of first‐year PhD students at three North American universities (N = 608), we assessed students’ perceived social integration and their interpersonal perceptions inside and outside of academia 2–8 times throughout their first year of graduate school. Relative to higher‐SES students, lower‐SES students perceived lower levels of social integration. They had difficulty making academic friends, felt dissimilar to their academic peers, and perceived a lack of understanding about their work in graduate school from non‐academic families and friends. They also lost non‐academic social ties. These interpersonal disconnections prospectively mediated the association between lower SES and lower levels of perceived social integration. Lower‐SES PhD students are at risk of impaired interpersonal relationships. Institutional policies to promote social connections among PhD students may help lower‐SES students integrate into academia.
ELECTROFACIES DEFINITION AND ZONATION OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS BARRA VELHA FORMATION CARBONATE RESERVOIR IN THE PRE‐SALT SEQUENCE OF THE SANTOS BASIN, SE BRAZIL
Authors: Camargo M. Molina , Chinelatto G. F. , Basso M. , Vidal A. C.
Published: September 2022

Lower Cretaceous carbonates in the pre‐salt succession in the Santos Basin, eastern Brazil, are highly heterogeneous in terms of their reservoir characteristics as a result of depositional and diagenetic factors. Electrofacies have widely been used for reservoir zonation and, when allied with computer‐based methods such as neural networks, may help with the study of such complex reservoir rocks and with the identification of high‐quality reservoir zones. In this work, an unsupervised artificial neural network known as a self‐organizing map (SOM) was used to carry out a zonation of the pre‐salt carbonates in the Aptian Barra Velha Formation, the main reservoir unit in the Santos Basin. Available data included gramma‐ray, neutron porosity, resistivity deep, sonic, density, photoelectric factor, total porosity and effective porosity profiles from 21 wells together with mineralogical models. Core descriptions and thin section images were used as additional data for the lithological characterization of the electrofacies and consequently for reservoir zonation. A total of four electrofacies were defined from the SOM application, and five reservoir zones were identified.

The characterization of the reservoir zones also considered the structural locations of the wells based on the relative depth to top‐ Barra Velha Formation; well locations were classified as structurally high, intermediate or low. Based on the reservoir zone characteristics, the results could be correlated with zonations in previous studies. A general tendency was noted for there to be an increase of finer‐grained sediments in the formation in wells located in structural lows; packstone and mudstone facies were prevalent in these wells and were in general characterized as poor‐quality reservoir rocks. By contrast, the shrubstones and grainstones which were more frequent in structurally high wells comprised higher quality reservoir rocks.

The basal reservoir zone showed wide lithological variation compared to the overlying reservoir zones. Grainstone‐dominated facies were identified in the middle of the formation, and the uppermost reservoir zones were characterized by an upward increase in shrubstones and reworked grainstones which in general pointed to better quality reservoirs.
Diplodia scrobiculata and Neofusicoccum luteum causing dieback of Pinus halepensis in Tunisia
Authors: Hlaiem Sawssen , Yangui Islem , Ezzine Olfa , Jamâa Mohamed L. B.
Published: September 2022

Forest trees withering is an increasingly ubiquitous phenomenon throughout the Mediterranean basin. Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is one of the dominant conifer species in this region. In the northeastern pine coastal woodland of Tunisia, Pinus halepensis stands originally afforested to stabilize sand dunes are often damaged. Fungal pathogens are among the main causes of forest tree diseases. Species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family, having a worldwide distribution, are well known as plant pathogens including Pinus spp. Pinus halepensis trees are suffering from shoot dieback, branch cankers and trunk cankers in two Tunisian forests. The objective of the present work was to characterize Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with P. halepensis branch canker in Bizerte (Rimel forest). A total of 43 isolates were obtained from infected branches of P. halepensis trees. Using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, two Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified, that is Diplodia scrobiculata and Neofusicoccum luteum. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 3‐year‐old P. halepensis plants and both isolates were found to be pathogenic. Diplodia scrobiculata was the more virulent species had a greater virulence than Neofusicoccum luteum based on the length of vascular necrosis in the wood of the P. halepensis inoculated stem. To our knowledge, this is the first record of Neofusicoccum luteum and Diplodia scrobiculata associated with P. halepensis branch canker and dieback in Tunisia and worldwide.
Massive gastric dilatation associated with uncontrolled epilepsy in MELAS syndrome
Authors: Cardosa‐Aguilar Armando , Martínez‐Bravo Luis E. , Garza‐Rivera Juan de Dios , Hidalgo‐Díaz Diego A.
Published: September 2022

We report a 23‐year‐old‐female with MELAS (Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke‐like episodes) syndrome with uncontrolled epilepsy due to massive gastric dilatation, immediate decompression and medical treatment was initiated; after it, she improved remarkably and has remained seizure free following hospitalization. This case illustrates massive gastric dilatation, an uncommon and underdiagnosed presentation of intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, as a potential cause of uncontrolled epilepsy in patients with MELAS syndrome.
Three‐dimensional digital assessment of typodont activations
Authors: Kang Austin , Firth Fiona Alison , Antoun Joseph , Mei Li , Ali Azam , Farella Mauro
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Wax typodonts are widely used as pre‐clinical teaching tools to test and research the complex force systems created by archwire activations, however, a limitation is the inability to quantify the resultant statically indeterminate tooth movements. The aim of this study was to develop an analogue‐to‐digital typodont system to quantify the effects of archwire activations on individual typodont teeth in three dimensions.

Methods

The typodont system was developed using CAD/CAM technology. Posterior expansion, squared, tapered, asymmetrical arch forms and reversed curve of Spee activations were tested with three repeats. The resulting three‐dimensional movements of individual typodont teeth were assessed with six degrees of freedom (df). Cartesian coordinate systems were set for each tooth. Mesio‐distal, bucco‐lingual and intrusive–extrusive movements were assessed as changes in the location of the geometrically estimated centre of resistance in the x, y and z axes, respectively. Torque, tip and rotation movements were assessed as the rotations around the mesio‐distal, bucco‐lingual and intrusive–extrusive axes, respectively.

Results

Individual typodont tooth displacements from each activation could reliably be described with six df. The transversal‐to‐sagittal movement ratio ranged from 2:1 to 7:1, depending on the activation. Asymmetrical arch form activations caused a midline shift and affected the lateral overjet. Reversing the curve of Spee led to intrusion of incisors and second molars, extrusion of premolars and first molars and pronounced first and third order effects.

Conclusion

The digital typodont system is a promising teaching tool. The tested activations have implications in three dimensions, which should be considered when planning tooth movements.