bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necessity of Prophylactic Extrapleural Chest Tube During Primary Surgical Repair of Esophageal Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ladefoged Martin Riis , Korang Steven Kwasi , Hildorf Simone Engmann , Oehlenschlæger Jacob , Poulsen Susanne , Fossum Magdalena , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik
Published: March 2022

Background

Esophageal atresia is corrected surgically by anastomosing and recreating esophageal continuity. To allow the removal of excess fluid and air from the anastomosis, a prophylactic and temporary intraoperative chest tube (IOCT) has traditionally been placed in this area during surgery. However, whether the potential benefits of this prophylactic IOCT overweigh the potential harms is unclear.

Objective

To assess the benefits and harms of using a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia.

Data Sources

We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2021, Issue 12), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index Expanded and Conference Proceedings Citation Index—(Web of Science). Search was performed from inception until December 3rd, 2021.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the effect of a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia and observational studies identified during our searches for RCT.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two independent reviewers screened studies and performed data extraction. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by GRADE and ROBINS-I.

PROSPERO Registration

A protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021257834).

Results

We included three RCTs randomizing 162 neonates, all at overall “some risk of bias.” The studies compared the placement of an IOCT vs. none. The meta-analysis did not identify any significant effect of profylacitic IOCT, as confidence intervals were compatible with no effect, but the analyses suggests that the placement of an IOCT might lead to an increase in all-cause mortality (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.76–3.65; three trials), serious adverse events (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.58–2.00; three trials), intervention-requiring pneumothorax (RR 1.65, 95% CI 0.28–9.50; two trials), and anastomosis leakage (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.63–4.40). None of our included studies assessed esophageal stricture or pain. Certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes.

Conclusions

Evidence from RCTs does not support the routine use of a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia.
Economic Evaluation of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Chen Jigang , Ji Linjin , Tong Xin , Han Mingyang , Zhao Songfeng , Qin Yongkai , He Zilong , Jiang Zhiqun , Liu Aihua
Published: March 2022

Background: Although ticagrelor plus aspirin is more effective than aspirin alone in preventing the 30-day risk of a composite of stroke or death in patients with an acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), the cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone.

Methods: A combination of decision tree and Markov model was built to estimate the expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with ticagrelor plus aspirin and aspirin alone in the treatment of patients with an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA. Model inputs were extracted from published sources. One-way sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings.

Results: Compared with aspirin alone, ticagrelor plus aspirin gained an additional lifetime QALY of 0.018 at an additional cost of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (¥) of 269, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ¥15,006 (US$2,207)/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ticagrelor plus aspirin had a probability of 99.99% being highly cost-effective versus aspirin alone at the current willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥72,447 (US$10,500)/QALY in China. These findings remain robust under one-way sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Conclusions: The results indicated that early treatment with a 30-days ticagrelor plus aspirin for an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA is highly cost-effective in a Chinese setting.
The Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in the Gut-Kidney-Heart Axis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Huang Yinghui , Xin Wang , Xiong Jiachuan , Yao Mengying , Zhang Bo , Zhao Jinghong
Published: March 2022

Emerging evidences demonstrate the involvement of gut microbiota in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and intestinal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the interactions between the gut, kidney and heart in CKD state, and elucidate the significant role of intestinal microbiota in the gut-kidney-heart axis hypothesis for the pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases, during which process mitochondria may serve as a potential therapeutic target. Dysregulation of this axis will lead to a vicious circle, contributing to CKD progression. Recent studies suggest novel therapies targeting gut microbiota in the gut-kidney-heart axis, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, genetically engineered bacteria, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial metabolites modulation, antibiotics, conventional drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. Further, the identification of specific microbial communities and their corresponding pathophysiological metabolites and the illumination of the gut-kidney-heart axis may contribute to innovative basic research, clinical trials and therapeutic strategies against CKD progression and uremic complications in CKD patients.
Gene Expression Analysis of the Endocannabinoid System in Presymptomatic APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: Vidal-Palencia Laura , Ramon-Duaso Carla , González-Parra Jose Antonio , Busquets-Garcia Arnau
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and neurodegeneration. The actual cause of AD progression is still unknown and no curative treatment is available. Recently, findings in human samples and animal models pointed to the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a promising therapeutic approach against AD. However, the specific mechanisms by which cannabinoid drugs induce potential beneficial effects are still undefined. For this reason, it is required a full characterization of the ECS at different time points of AD progression considering important factors such as sex or the analysis of different brain regions to improve future cannabinoid-dependent therapies in AD. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to expand our knowledge of the status of the ECS in a presymptomatic period (3 months of age) using the AD mouse model APP/PS1 mice. First, we evaluated different behavioral domains including anxiety, cognitive functions, and social interactions in male and female APP/PS1 mice at 4 months of age. Although a mild working memory impairment was observed in male APP/PS1 mice, in most of the behaviors assessed we found no differences between genotypes. At 3 months of age, we performed a characterization of the ECS in different brain regions of the APP/PS1 mice considering the sex variable. We assessed the expression of the ECS components by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. Interestingly, gene expression levels of the type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors and the anabolic and catabolic enzymes, differed depending on the brain region and the sex analyzed. For example, CB1R expression levels decreased in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male APP/PS1 mice but increased in female mice. In contrast, CB2R expression was decreased in females, whereas males tended to have higher levels. Overall, our data indicated that the ECS is already altered in APP/PS1 mice at the presymptomatic stage, suggesting that it could be an early event contributing to the pathophysiology of AD or being a potential predictive biomarker.
Research on Well Area Connectivity of Carbonate Gas Reservoir in Eastern Sichuan Basin—A Case Study of Wubaiti Block
Authors: Jiang Yandong , Chen Liang , Zhou Tuo , You Liangrong , Chu Guangzhen , Ren Dazhong , Zhou Zhaohua
Published: March 2022

Carbonate gas reservoirs in the eastern Sichuan Basin are featured by low matrix permeability and well-developed fractures, caves, and faults, which result in complicated fluid flow and connectivity. The Wubaiti Carboniferous gas reservoir is an earlier developed block in Eastern Sichuan with a development history of 27 years. The geological features, e.g., block structure and fault development, have been extensively studied, but a few studies address the connection relationship and gas–water interface of the DT 2 well area in the north. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reserve simulation method based on the conventional connectivity analysis, which calculates the reserves of different gas–water interfaces in the well area. Combined with production performance analysis, the well-controlled reserves and drainage area were also determined. The analysis verifies the connectivity between wells. Integrating with interference testing, fluid properties, and seismic and geological data, the connection relationship between well areas is further clarified. The results show that the northern water bodies of the DT 2 well area consist of two independent and disconnected water bodies. There is a blocking zone between the DT 2 and DT 3 and DT 4 wells, which causes the disconnection of water bodies but the connection of gas. The results also indicate that the eastern water body of the main area and the eastern water body of the DT 2 well area are part of a uniform water body with a uniform gas–water interface. The research method is significant for the connectivity research of similar gas reservoirs.
Drainage Instabilities in Granular Materials: A New Biaxial Apparatus for Fluid Fingering and Solid Remodeling Detection
Authors: Al Nemer Rana , Sciarra Giulio , Réthoré Julien
Published: March 2022

In this study, the effect of fluid fingering on the solid remodeling of a granular material during the drainage phenomenon is investigated. A new biaxial apparatus, endowed with two transparent windows and adapted to unsaturated soils, is used to capture the effects of hydraulic instabilities on the mechanical response, by means of high-resolution cameras. A specimen of (40 × 50 × 11) mm3, of Fontainebleau sand NE 34 initially saturated by water, is connected to a pressure-controlled gas source to inject the gas into the sample. During the injection phase, fluid instabilities are detected and filmed. Using imaging techniques, the grain remodeling and strain localization due to the two-phase fluid flow are measured.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes Linked to Fruit Acidity in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Dondini Luca , Domenichini Cecilia , Dong Yonghui , Gennari Fabio , Bassi Daniele , Foschi Stefano , Lama Martina , Adami Marco , De Franceschi Paolo , Cervellati Claudia , Bergonzoni Lorenzo , Alessandri Sara , Tartarini Stefano
Published: March 2022

Apricot breeding programs could be strongly improved by the availability of molecular markers linked to the main fruit quality traits. Fruit acidity is one of the key factors in consumer acceptance, but despite its importance, the molecular bases of this trait are still poorly understood. In order to increase the genetic knowledge on the fruit acidity, an F1 apricot population (‘Lito’ × ‘BO81604311’) has been phenotyped for titratable acidity and juice pH for the three following years. In addition, the contents of the main organic acids of the juice (malate, citrate, and quinate) were also evaluated. A Gaussian distribution was observed for most of the traits in this progeny, confirming their quantitative inheritance. An available simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based molecular map, implemented with new markers in specific genomic regions, was used to perform a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The molecular map was also anchored to the recently published apricot genome sequence of ‘Stella.’ Several major QTLs linked to fruit acidity-related traits have been identified both in the ‘Lito’ (no. 21) and ‘BO81604311’ (no. 13), distributed in five linkage groups (LG 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Some of these QTLs show good stability between years and their linked markers were used to identify candidate genes in specific QTLs genomic regions.
Proteomic Analysis of Embryo Isolated From Mature Jatropha curcas L. Seeds
Authors: Ramzan Ayesha , Shah Mohibullah , Ullah Najeeb , Sheheryar  , Nascimento José R. S. , Campos Francisco A. P. , Domont Gilberto B. , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Abdellattif Magda H.
Published: March 2022

Jatropha curcas L. is a non-edible oilseed containing almost 40% of seed oil and is famous as the best source of raw material for biofuel production. J. curcas seeds contain three main tissues, such as inner integument, endosperm, and embryo. To best understand the physiological events related to specific tissues, it is important to perform the proteome analysis of these tissues. Previously we have explored the pattern of reserves deposition and tissue-specific biological pathways by analyzing the proteome of the inner integument and endosperm and organelles, such as plastids and gerontoplasts isolated from these tissues. The focus of the present study was to perform the proteomic analysis of embryo isolated from the mature seeds of J. curcas. This analysis resulted in the identification of 564 proteins of which 206 are not identified previously from any other tissue of this plant. The identified proteins were functionally classified using the MapMan classification system revealing various proteins involved in different functionalities. The proteins involved in transport functions and those with proteolytic activity were determined through the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) and MEROPS database, respectively. In addition to identify a large number of proteins participating in various metabolic processes, we found several proteins involved in defense functions, such as the members of chaperones and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Similarly, members of the legumin and vicilin family of seed storage proteins (SSPs) were identified which in addition to their storage function, are involved in defense. In addition, we have reported that proteases belonging to different mechanistic classes and are involved in diverse physiological functions. Last but not the least, several classes of transport-related proteins were identified that are discussed concerning their function in the transportation of different nutrients across the embryo. To the best of our knowledge, this study reported the highest number of proteins identified from the embryo of mature J. curcas seeds, most of which are essential for seed germination, reflecting the fact that many proteins required for germination are already present in the mature embryo.
Reassessment of the Phylogeny and Systematics of Chinese Parnassia (Celastraceae): A Thorough Investigation Using Whole Plastomes and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
Authors: Xia Ming-Ze , Li Yan , Zhang Fa-Qi , Yu Jing-Ya , Khan Gulzar , Chi Xiao-Feng , Xu Hao , Chen Shi-Long
Published: March 2022

Parnassia L., a perennial herbaceous genus in the family Celastraceae, consists of about 60 species and is mainly distributed in the Pan-Himalayan and surrounding mountainous regions. The taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the genus are still controversial. Herein, we reassessed the taxonomic status of Parnassia and its intra- and inter-generic phylogeny within Celastraceae. To that end, we sequenced and assembled the whole plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of 48 species (74 individuals), including 25 species of Parnassia and 23 species from other genera of Celastraceae. We integrated high throughput sequence data with advanced statistical toolkits and performed the analyses. Our results supported the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (APG IV) taxonomy which kept the genus to the family Celastraceae. Although there were topological conflicts between plastid and nrDNA phylogenetic trees, Parnassia was fully supported as a monophyletic group in all cases. We presented a first attempt to estimate the divergence of Parnassia, and molecular clock analysis indicated that the diversification occurred during the Eocene. The molecular phylogenetic results confirmed numerous taxonomic revisions, revealing that the morphological characters used in Parnassia taxonomy and systematics might have evolved multiple times. In addition, we speculated that hybridization/introgression might exist during genus evolution, which needs to be further studied. Similarly, more in-depth studies will clarify the diversification of characters and species evolution models of this genus.
Experts’ Failure to Consider the Negative Predictive Power of Symptom Validity Tests
Authors: Niesten Isabella J. M. , Merckelbach Harald , Dandachi-FitzGerald Brechje , Jutten-Rooijakkers Ingrid , van Impelen Alfons
Published: March 2022

Feigning (i.e., grossly exaggerating or fabricating) symptoms distorts diagnostic evaluations. Therefore, dedicated tools known as symptom validity tests (SVTs) have been developed to help clinicians differentiate feigned from genuine symptom presentations. While a deviant SVT score is an indicator of a feigned symptom presentation, a non-deviant score provides support for the hypothesis that the symptom presentation is valid. Ideally, non-deviant SVT scores should temper suspicion of feigning even in cases where the patient fits the DSM’s stereotypical yet faulty profile of the “antisocial” feigner. Across three studies, we tested whether non-deviant SVT scores, indeed, have this corrective effect. We gave psychology students (Study 1, N = 55) and clinical experts (Study 2, N = 42; Study 3, N = 93) a case alluding to the DSM profile of feigning. In successive steps, they received information about the case, among which non-deviant SVT outcomes. After each step, participants rated how strongly they suspected feigning and how confident they were about their judgment. Both students and experts showed suspicion rates around the midpoint of the scale (i.e., 50) and did not respond to non-deviant SVT outcomes with lowered suspicion rates. In Study 4, we educated participants (i.e., psychology students, N = 92) about the shortcomings of the DSM’s antisocial typology of feigning and the importance of the negative predictive power of SVTs, after which they processed the case information. Judgments remained roughly similar to those in Studies 1–3. Taken together, our findings suggest that students and experts alike have difficulties understanding that non-deviant scores on SVTs reduce the probability of feigning as a correct differential diagnosis.
How to Teach/Learn Praecox Feeling? Through Phenomenology to Medical Education
Authors: Gozé Tudi
Published: March 2022

Background

The Praecox Feeling (PF) refers to a classical psychopathological concept describing the specific experience of bizarreness arising in the encounter with a person living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Some studies have shown that experienced psychiatrists take advantage of this experience to perform accurate and rapid diagnostic expertise. It would seem that PF is not contradictory with an operationalized diagnostic approach, but that the PF would intervene at a more tacit level of medical judgment. However, the articulation between the implicit and explicit levels of the psychiatrist's experience in the situation of medical judgment remains little studied, even though it is of crucial importance for structuring the teaching of clinical psychiatry to mental health practitioners. Can diagnostic intuition be learned? Is this experience a kind of “gift” that some may or may not have? Does the PF refer to medical expertise?

Methods

To unfold the complexity of his questions this article proposes to conduct an historical, epistemological and phenomenological analysis of the PF.

Results

We will first conduct a presentation of historical descriptions of the PF understood as a sensation, intuition and experience, alongside the evolution of the concept of schizophrenia. Then, the article proposes an original phenomenological modelization of the temporal unfolding of the PF.

Discussion

The phenomenological conceptualization, informed from empirical evidence will try to account for the paradox of the PF as both lived evidence and indescribable experience. PF will be described as a complex cognitive and embodied process based upon ante-predicative aesthetic sensing which is secondly apprehended as perceptible evidence thanks to clinical typification. This conceptualization relying on Husserl manuscript on intersubjectivity will help to demystify its experiential structure and discuss its relevance for medical education.
Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Jiyao , Zhang Meimei , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Li Jizhen , Dong Zhe , Ye Yingying , Tong Lingyao , Zhao Ruiying , Cao Wenrui , Li Peikai , Zhang Stephen X.
Published: March 2022

Objective

This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis.

Method

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity.

Results

The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
Cognition and Social Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Students in Medical Colleges: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangdong Province of China
Authors: Zhang Qiu , Lu Xiaoya , Liao Mengxin , Zhang Xinyue , Yao Liqing
Published: March 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. This study aimed to describe the cognition and social behaviors related to COVID-19 among medical college students in China and to explore the relevant factors that have affected individual social behaviors. The study could enrich practical research on the social behaviors of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

From February to April 2020, online questionnaire survey was conducted meticulously. Based on their majors, the students were divided into a medical student group (249 cases) and a near-peer medical student group (397 cases). Descriptive statistics was used to elaborate the cognition related to the pandemic and the status quo of social behaviors among these students. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the relevant factors affecting individual social behaviors from various perspectives during the pandemic.

Results

Regarding the cognition situation: 76.32% of those surveyed had good pandemic awareness, and the average general cognition score was 30.55 ± 3.17 points. In terms of social behaviors, the average scores for purposive rational actions and affective actions during the outbreak were relatively high, scoring 8.85 ± 1.72 points (>10 points) and 4.32 ± 1.41 points (>6 points), respectively, while the average value rational actions score was relatively low at 5.95 ± 1.90 points (>10 points). The results of the multiple linear regression model showed that urban college students had higher scores for purposive rational actions; college students with the CCP membership had higher value rational actions scores; school and major were also significant factors affecting affective actions scoring. The COVID-19 cognition score had a significant effect on the social behavior score in all dimensions (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The cognition of COVID-19 among students in Chinese medical colleges was good, and pandemic cognition was an important factor that affected individual social behaviors. Universities and colleges should strengthen the publicity and education of knowledge related to COVID-19, guide students to internalize their knowledge of the pandemic into positive behaviors, and help to win the battle of pandemic prevention and control.
Exploring Female University Students' Participation in Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Aljehani Najla , Razee Husna , Ritchie Jan , Valenzuela Trinidad , Bunde-Birouste Anne , Alkhaldi Ghadah
Published: March 2022

Background

The importance of physical activity in improving physical and mental health has been emphasized in many studies. Researchers in Saudi Arabia have reported an increase in physical inactivity among Saudis, especially among University female population. Current efforts in the field in Saudi Arabia have yet to explore barriers and facilitators that influence female University student's participation in physical activity. This study aims to provide an assessment of the situation regarding physical activity among female University students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This mixed method study preceded a participatory action research initiative. The first part of the mixed method consisted of a cross-sectional survey of 375 female University students in Saudi Arabia who completed the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The second part consisted of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 14 female University students and 16 female exercise trainers.

Results

Results showed that most participants (91%) spent more time in walking activity compared to moderate (66%) and vigorous activity (57%) for at least 10 min at a time over a period of 7 days. Results showed that 70% of participants did not meet the WHO recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate activity, while around 62% of participants did not meet the WHO recommendation of 75 min per week of vigorous activity. Barriers to participation included limited facilities for physical activities, academic workload, gender role, and the need to adhere to cultural standards. Facilitators included valuing positive results, general health concerns, and family support.

Conclusion

Knowledge gained from this study might support organizations and public health authorities to develop physical activity interventions that better address Saudi women's perceived needs. These findings are an important contribution to current knowledge in light of recent advances in women's rights in Saudi Arabia.
Developing the Next Generation of Leaders in Health Policy and Management: Lessons From an Undergraduate Student-Led Organization
Authors: Thomas Charlotte , Sandhu Sahil , Li Josee , Sanders Gillian D. , Prvu Bettger Janet
Published: March 2022

As health care continues to evolve, training the next generation of healthcare leaders is more important than ever. However, many university undergraduate students are not directly exposed to topics such as health policy and management within their coursework or co-curricular engagements. At Duke University, we developed the Student Collaborative on Health Policy (SCOHP) as an inter-disciplinary health policy hub that offers opportunities for learning, engagement, and leadership in the healthcare-related fields for students of all academic backgrounds. We see opportunity for similar student-led groups to be established by student leaders at other institutions, increasing interaction with experts, mentorship and the accessibility of experiential education, service, and leadership in the health care sector.
Education and Quality of Life: Does the Internet Matter in China?
Authors: Zhan Zhan , Su Zhi-Wei , Chang Hsu-Ling
Published: March 2022

The internet has influenced human wellbeing through social networking, time-saving, diffusion of knowledge, and access to health information. Health is a key component of human quality of life. This study examines the nexus between education, the internet, and quality of life using data from China spanning the period from 1991 to 2020. The study used ARDL to examine the short and long-term, exploring education and the impact of the internet on quality of life. Education status plays a significant role in promoting quality of life in the short and long term. The empirical findings show the significant positive impact of the internet and ICT on quality of life in the short and long-run. Financial development and FDI improve the quality of life in the long-term in China. Based on these results, policymakers in China should develop the ICT infrastructure and human capital to support increased quality of life.
Insights Into the Links Between Proteostasis and Aging From C. elegans
Authors: Zhang William Hongyu , Koyuncu Seda , Vilchez David
Published: March 2022

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is maintained by a tightly regulated and interconnected network of biological pathways, preventing the accumulation and aggregation of damaged or misfolded proteins. Thus, the proteostasis network is essential to ensure organism longevity and health, while proteostasis failure contributes to the development of aging and age-related diseases that involve protein aggregation. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has proved invaluable for the study of proteostasis in the context of aging, longevity and disease, with a number of pivotal discoveries attributable to the use of this organism. In this review, we discuss prominent findings from C. elegans across the many key aspects of the proteostasis network, within the context of aging and disease. These studies collectively highlight numerous promising therapeutic targets, which may 1 day facilitate the development of interventions to delay aging and prevent age-associated diseases.
Fetal Organ Anomaly Classification Network for Identifying Organ Anomalies in Fetal MRI
Authors: Lo Justin , Lim Adam , Wagner Matthias W. , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Sussman Dafna
Published: March 2022

Rapid development in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has played a key role in prenatal diagnosis over the last few years. Deep learning (DL) architectures can facilitate the process of anomaly detection and affected-organ classification, making diagnosis more accurate and observer-independent. We propose a novel DL image classification architecture, Fetal Organ Anomaly Classification Network (FOAC-Net), which uses squeeze-and-excitation (SE) and naïve inception (NI) modules to automatically identify anomalies in fetal organs. This architecture can identify normal fetal anatomy, as well as detect anomalies present in the (1) brain, (2) spinal cord, and (3) heart. In this retrospective study, we included fetal 3-dimensional (3D) SSFP sequences of 36 participants. We classified the images on a slice-by-slice basis. FOAC-Net achieved a classification accuracy of 85.06, 85.27, 89.29, and 82.20% when predicting brain anomalies, no anomalies (normal), spinal cord anomalies, and heart anomalies, respectively. In a comparison study, FOAC-Net outperformed other state-of-the-art classification architectures in terms of class-average F1 and accuracy. This work aims to develop a novel classification architecture identifying the affected organs in fetal MRI.
Case Report: Clostridial Gas Gangrene of Pelvic Wall After Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery Induced Fatal Sepsis
Authors: Wang Xing , Jiao Simin , Sun Zhen , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Xudong , Liu Tianzhou
Published: March 2022

Clostridial gas gangrene is an unusual but fast-spreading necrotic infection of soft tissue relevant to high mortality rates. We report a case of postoperative gas gangrene of the pelvic wall, scrotum, and perineal site, with very acute onset and rapid progression of symptoms after laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. Although potentially treatable with appropriate antibiotic cover and urgent thorough surgical debridement, this case still developed irreversibly into fulminant and fatal sepsis. The possible etiologic factors, better measures of diagnosis, and treatment are discussed, and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Effects of Caulis Spatholobi Polysaccharide on Immunity, Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function, and Intestinal Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressive Chickens
Authors: Cui Yao , Sun Wenjing , Li Qinmei , Wang Kaijun , Wang Yuhan , Lv Feifei , Chen Xiaogang , Peng Xiaomin , Wang Ying , Li Jiang , Si Hongbin
Published: March 2022

The protective effects of Caulis Spatholobi polysaccharide (CSP) on immune function, intestinal mucosal barrier, and intestinal microflora in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed chickens have been rarely reported. This study was designed to investigate the cecal microbiota in chickens and to elucidate the immune mechanism involved in the CSP effect on CY induced-immunosuppressed chickens. A total of 288 cocks were equally divided into six groups and used to evaluate the immune effect of CSP. Results showed that the CSP increased the body weight and immune organ index of immunosuppressed chickens, significantly increased the secretion of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) in sera of chickens, and restored the body immune function. The CSP reduced intestinal injury of the jejunum and ileum, increased the ratio of the intestinal villus height to crypt depth (V/C), improved the expression of tight junction protein, and protected intestinal health. The CSP activated the toll-like receptor (TLR)/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, Claudin1, and Zo-1, protecting the intestinal tract. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that CSP increased species richness, restored CY-induced intestinal microbiome imbalance, and enhanced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract. In conclusion, our study provided a scientific basis for CSP as an immune enhancer to regulate intestinal microflora and protect intestinal mucosal damage in chickens.
Evaluation of Vaccination Strategy Against Rabies in Hong Kong Macaques
Authors: Martelli Paolo , St-Hilaire Sophie , Hui Wai-Suk , Krishnasamy Karthiyani , Magouras Ioannis , Nekouei Omid
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this study were to assess the serological response to rabies vaccination in Hong Kong macaques and provide evidence-based recommendations for the vaccination interval implemented by the Government of Hong Kong. An inactivated rabies vaccine was administered subcutaneously to captured macaques under a mass sterilization program in Hong Kong. Blood samples from the animals were collected in a 2015 field survey and stored in −80°C freezer. In 2021, the frozen sera from vaccinated animals were prepared and tested for antibodies against the rabies virus using a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Sixty-five samples were available from the vaccinated macaques that had received at least one dose of the vaccine between 2008 and 2015. The interval between the first vaccination and blood sampling ranged from 21 to 2,779 days (median: 990). Only five macaques had a second vaccination record at the sampling time, all with high antibody levels. Among the remaining macaques, 77% (46/60) were positive for rabies antibodies. No specific association was observed between the post-vaccination period and the antibody titer of these macaques, and no adverse reactions were reported. Although the precise level of protection against a potential challenge with the rabies virus cannot be ascertained, the vaccination elicited rabies antibodies in 87% (21/24) of the macaques tested within 2.5 years of their first vaccination. Our findings indicate the potential benefits of the current vaccination strategy to protect the population from rabies and consequential mandatory culling of all macaques if a natural infection occurs.
Perbandingan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Klaster Ketenagakerjaan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan mengenai Status Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu
Authors: Maldini Sandy , Setiawan Aerlangga Bagus , Santoso Imam Budi
Published: March 2022

Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, mendapat penolakan dan menimbulkan opini-opini ketidak puasan dari sebahagian besar masyarakat Indonesia dengan tingkat persepsi hukum yang berbeda-beda. Namun ada salah satu hal dari permasalahan UU Cipta Kerja ini. Yaitu permasalahan mengenai peluang para pekerja untuk mendapatkan status Karyawan Tetap pasca di sahkannya UU tersebut. Bagaimanakah perbandingan mengenai status Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan. Metode penelitian adalah melalui metode yuridis normatif, yang menitik beratkan pada data sekunder atau data kepustakaan dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Bahwa perbandingan UU ketenagakerjaan dengan UU Cipta kerja merupakan sebuah produk hukum yang dijadikan dalam satu isu besar ekonomi dan investasi, dalam hal ini kluster ketenagakerjaan UU Cipta Kerja justru abai terhadap filosofi dari UU Ketenagakerjaan yang digantikannya.
Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Alhadi Muhammad Nurcholis
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

This observe pursuits to evaluate conceptual heritage from the authority of The Religious Court for case of tort in dispute of Islamic financial system and attention of the decide in figuring out from the authority for case of tort in dispute of Islamic financial system. This observe makes use of a version of normative studies. The observe changed into performed via way of means of analyzing the library substances or secondary data. Data had been analyzed the usage of qualitative methods. The evaluation changed into performed via way of means of classifying, evaluating and linking to similarly systematically organized in accordance grooves its discussion. Based at the studies performed changed into concluded as follows: (1) The Religious Court authority, especially on sharia financial system in Law No. three of 2006 on First Amendment to Law No. 7 of 1989 at the Judiciary Religion is a shape of the government's solution to satisfy the want for the presence of the judiciary that handles disputes bobbing up from monetary pastime primarily based totally on sharia Islamic regulation. This association is a shape of responsive prison product as it displays a experience of justice and meet the expectancies of society. Tort case in Islamic economics has now no longer been set in KHES in order that preparations withinside the Civil Code may be used as supply fabric for substantial regulation remains according with the idea of Al Fi'lu Al Dhar and Al Maqasid As Sharia; (2) Consideration of the decide in figuring out from the authority for case of tort in dispute of Islamic financial system is that the man or woman and/or prison entities which can be events to the dispute have entered right into a prison dating this is primarily based totally on Islamic concepts and tort has a near connection or due to the prison dating.
Desmonte ou reconstrução da Universidade?
Authors: Guimarães Géssica , Sousa Francisco
Published: March 2022

As universidades no Brasil, e não apenas por aqui, tem passado por diferentes crises, mas também por reconstruções. De um lado existe uma incidência cada vez maior do capital financeiro e monopolista na educação de uma forma geral, seguindo a lógica neoliberal pela qual o Estado é atravessado por interesses e instituições privadas. Por outro lado, há uma crise decorrente da democratização do acesso às universidades – principalmente por conta das políticas de afirmação (como cotas para negros e para estudantes de escolas públicas) – que tem produzido diferentes debates sobre as condições de funcionamento das universidades, os currículos em vigor, a postura dos professores, as bibliografias em debate, entre outros. O desmonte da universidade fala da incidência de políticas neoliberais sobre nós e da permanência de um tempo histórico moderno que se escandaliza, e por vezes nos paralisa quando nos vemos fora da rota do progresso. A ideia de uma reconstrução das universidades públicas no bojo deste cenário lida com as possibilidades de intensificação da democratização da universidade, atualmente ainda muito reduzida. Em outros termos, o tempo desta reconstrução seria outro, como uma experiência aberta à reformulação e perpassada por apenas uma constância: sem a ação não há horizonte.
Doenças e causas mortis dos escravizados e libertos de Teresina- PI entre 1869 e 1877
Authors: Lira Sousa Nepomuceno Talyta Marjorie
Published: March 2022

Um dos principais objetivos do estudo do passado é investigar as permanências e as rupturas ocorridas ao longo do tempo em um dado espaço. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a condição de saúde, a causa da morte e as doenças dos escravizados e libertos na cidade de Teresina na segunda metade do século XIX. Escolhemos o recorte espacial e temporal baseados no Livro de Óbito da freguesia de Nossa Senhora das Dores entre os anos de 1869 a 1877, visto que este é o único registro paroquial disponível acerca dos óbitos de escravizados e libertos na cidade de Teresina. No que diz respeito ao levantamento da documentação, recorremos às fontes primárias existentes no Arquivo da Casa Paroquial de Nossa Senhora do Amparo e Arquivo Público do Estado do Piauí. Essas informações nos ajudam a compreender a vida cotidiana e as condições de saúde desses sujeitos históricos que ao longo do tempo, foram anônimos e silenciados por uma produção historiográfica tradicional.
O filósofo e o escritor em busca da compreensão de si
Authors: Pinto Débora Morato , Jesus Ana Paula Ricci de
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar como a narrativa de si coloca problemas para a compreensão de si, dada a insuficiência da linguagem para expressar a vida singular como duração. Analisamos nesse âmbito a ligação entre análise psicológica e ontologia na filosofia de Bergson, para sublinhar a potência da memória tal como a intuição da duração a sugere. Defendemos também que a literatura como expressão da interpenetração entre exterioridade e interioridade pode superar parte das dificuldades da linguagem na metafísica. A ligação profícua entre literatura e subjetividade constitui um caso privilegiado de imersão em si e compreensão do mundo por meio da profundidade da experiência consciente. A aproximação entre a ontologia bergsoniana e a literatura de Graciliano Ramos, em especial a obra Infância, é o fio condutor para alcançar tais objetivos.
Memória e esquecimento
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago , Costa Edinailton
Published: March 2022

Este ensaio busca explorar a relação entre a memória e o esquecimento a partir do registro do pensamento de Paul Ricoeur. Com este objetivo, o percurso trilhado segue os vestígios deixados por Jeanne-Marie Gagnebin. Considera, para isso, necessário problematizar o lugar da escrita histórica e da narrativa como elementos constitutivos do próprio processo da história. Ricoeur elege, então, Platão e Nietzsche como aliados. Apesar do improvável encontro, ambos os autores parecem se reunir em suas críticas, respectivamente, ao registro escrito e ao caráter cientificista da historiografia do século XIX. A tessitura proposta acaba por exigir a reabilitação prudente do esquecimento em consonância com a política da justa memória.
Tradição, memória e contar histórias
Authors: Lama Fernando Araújo Del
Published: March 2022

Trata-se de destacar, na obra de Walter Benjamin, o contexto literário no qual surgem os conceitos de tradição, memória e contar histórias (erzählen), recorrendo, para tanto, a seus ensaios sobre autores tais como Charles Baudelaire, Marcel Proust e Nikolai Leskov, bem como enfatizar o modo como o conceito de experiência (Erfahrung) os articula e permite a unificação de seus sentidos no plano das reflexões políticas do filósofo.
Fios sem Ariadne
Authors: Sarti Cynthia , Baumgarten Jens , Rovai Mauro Luiz
Published: March 2022

A proposta deste texto é discutir os entrelaçamentos entre memória e esquecimento, dando ênfase às experiências associadas à produção do esquecimento e à evocação das lembranças. A estratégia foi tomar três manifestações distintas: a memória da ditadura militar no Brasil; a análise de um filme sobre os movimentos de junho de 2013; a apropriação arquitetônica de uma cidade filipina devastada durante a Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o foco foi explorar os espaços que paulatinamente se perfazem entre o que a memória não traz à luz e o esquecimento não apaga, o que implicou não trabalhar um único acontecimento, autor ou quadro nocional específico.
Interpretando o capital
Authors: Simoncini Alessandro , Hass Juliana
Published: March 2022

Este texto examina a maneira como Benjamin e Foucault, a partir da leitura de diferentes páginas do primeiro livro de O Capital, trataram de modo diverso (mas complementar) o problema da sujeição dos vivos à moderna relação de capital. Tendo como pano de fundo as páginas clássicas em que Marx conduz o leitor ao “laboratório secreto da produção”, em La societé punitive e em Surveiller et punir, Foucault investiga genealogicamente a constituição do sujeito produtivo e os processos de “acumulação dos corpos” necessários à “acumulação do capital”. Ao reler as conhecidas passagens marxistas sobre o fetichismo das mercadorias, em Baudelaire e Passagenwerk, Benjamin reconstrói, ao contrário, uma arqueologia do moderno que analisa a maneira em que as mercadorias, com sua fantasmagoria e suas promessas de felicidade, visam imprimir a relação do capital na subjetividade individual e coletiva.
Modernidade, Modernidades
Authors: Galard Jean , Martins Thiago
Published: March 2022

Jean Galard reflete sobre um dos temas fundamentais da obra de Celso Favaretto
Modernité, Modernités
Authors: Galard Jean
Published: March 2022

Jean Galard réfléchit sur l'un des thèmes fondamentaux de l'œuvre de Celso Favaretto
Theatrum Mundi: filosofia e canção
Authors: Matos Olgária
Published: March 2022

Olgária Matos explora dois dos mais importantes tópicos da obra de Celso Favaretto