bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal and in vitro fungicide treatments on pathogens of the genus Fusarium associated with maize seeds
Authors: Piñeros-Guerrero Natalia , Maldonado-Archila Germán , Gómez-Caro Sandra
Published: March 2020

Stalk rot in maize plants is commonly associated with manyspecies of the genus Fusarium. This disease affects the seedbedand the establishment of maize crops because of seedscontaminated with different pathogens of this genus. Maizecrops in the Ubate Valley, in the province of Cundinamarca,are currently infected by this disease, which reduces the yieldand final quality of the maize seeds. This research evaluatedthe effects of thermal and fungicide treatments on pathogensof the genus Fusarium associated with maize seeds. Seeds weretreated at 50°C, 55°C and 60°C with dry heat and hot water. Mycelial colonization of seeds, germination percentage, seedling length, and fresh weight were evaluated as variables. In in vitro tests, the fungicides fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M, tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin, prochloraz + difenoconazole and carboxin + captan were evaluated at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 the commercial dose on the radial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium graminearum isolates. The most effective heat treatments on Fusarium colonization of maize seeds were obtained with the two heat sources at 55°C without a significant reduction in the percentage of germination and seedling length and fresh weight. Commercial doses of theevaluated fungicides completely inhibited the radial growthof F. graminearum and only commercial doses of carboxin +captan and prochloraz + difenoconazole completely inhibited F. subglutinans growth. Germination inhibition of F. subglutinansand F. graminearum conidia was found with fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M at the three evaluated doses.
Humanismo tecnológico: fundamento para una inteligencia artificial responsable
Authors: Terrones Antonio Luis
Published: March 2020

Los rápidos avances en el campo de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en las últimas décadas ponen de relieve la necesidad de incorporar criterios éticos de responsabilidad. Esa incorporación permitirá el planteamiento de una inteligencia artificial responsable (IAR) que tendrá que fundamentarse en la formulación de un nuevo humanismo. Se entiende que a partir de un humanismo tecnológico se podría impulsar la IAR en el contexto tecnológico actual. Los desafíos de la IA imponen  el imperativo de plantear un humanismo de este tipo que asuma un compromiso con miras al futuro. En ese sentido, el humanismo tecnológico representa la exigencia de un tiempo de desafíos tecnológicos y a la vez una premisa ineludible en el planteamiento de la IAR. Es una premisa para la responsabilidad ante un tiempo de exigencias que no se pueden esquivar. Los importantes y profundos avances que ha experimentado el campo de la tecnología nos sitúan frente a un escenario novedoso para la humanidad que demanda una nueva contextualización del humanismo. A la vez, este humanismo tecnológico es crítico porque es conocedor del límite y de su condición condicionada, es decir, de su posición de carestía que la invita a imaginar lo que puede ser y hasta dónde puede llegar. Esta invitación permite entender que los límites no se encuentran situados en un plano negativo, sino más bien como un avistamiento del lado positivo de la tecnología como espacio desde el que hacer posible el florecimiento humano y un nuevo modo de obrar humano.
Revista Pensamiento Actual
Authors: Actual Pensamiento
Published: March 2020

La Coordinación de Investigación le presenta la más reciente publicación de la Revista Pensamiento Actual, volumen 19 número 33, con un total de catorce artículos de diferentes disciplinas. Todos ellos constituyen aportessignificativos a la comunidad académica.
Kemampuan Aparat Pemerintahan Kelurahan dalam Menyelenggarakan Administrasi Pemerintahan di Way Halim Permai Kecamatan Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Herlintati Herlintati , Kusumastuti Henni , Akbar Muhammad Fikri
Published: March 2020

Dengan terbentuknya Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah diharapkan apa yang menjadi tujuan dan kepentingan masyarakat dapat terselenggara dengan baik. Termasuk yang bersifat pembangunan fisik maupun mental spiritual. Selain itu, dengan adanya keselarasan antara politis pemerintah maupun tujuan  masyarakat  juga  akan menunjang terselenggaranya pembangunan kelurahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan aparat pemerintahan kelurahan dalam menyelenggarakan administrasi pemerintahan kelurahan di Kelurahan Way Halim Permai Kecamatan Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskritif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga kemampuan aparat pemerintah Kelurahan dalam menyelenggarakan administrasi pemeritahan kelurahan, ternyata ada  beberapa  kendala  yang turut mempengaruhi kemampuan mereka, yaitu pembagian kerja yang tidak jelas pada masing-masing aparat pemerintahan kelurahan, kurangnya motivasi aparat pemerintah kelurahan dalam mejalankan tugas dan kewajibannya sebagai administrator kelurahan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kesibukan mereka untuk mencari nafkah bagi keluarga, belum memadainya tunjangan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada aparat pemerintah Kelurahan, sehingga dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas pemerintahan Kelurahan pun belum maksimal.
Maqasid Keamanan Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pembinaan Sebuah Tamadun
Authors: Ajmain Muhammad Talhah , Ibrisam Fiky Wan Abdul Rahman Wan , Ruskam Aminuddin , Mohamed Ahmad Kilani
Published: March 2020

Maqosid perdamaian lahir dari kebutuhan untuk menjaga Maqosid Syariah dan keamanan lingkungan. Negara Islam yang menghadapi berbagai agama, ras dan etnis di Malaysia sangat membutuhkan konsep Perdamaian. Fiqh Maqasid ini untuk diimplementasikan untuk melindungi maslahah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan "Tinjauan Pustaka" untuk merujuk ke perpustakaan lengkap. Studi ini melihat makna konsep Perdamaian Maqosid, pentingnya, argumennya dan dampak Maqosid pada pengembangan Peradaban. Penelitian ini menghasilkan Islam adalah agama yang didasarkan pada Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Tidak ada ajaran Islam yang menyerukan para pengikutnya untuk memancing permusuhan dan bahkan membawa kekacauan dan perang
Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivar classification: an artificial neural network approach
Authors: ÖZTEKİN Yeşim Benal , TANER Alper , DURAN Hüseyin
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated the possible use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to classify five chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) varieties. For chestnut classification, back-propagation neural networks were framed on the basis of physical and mechanical parameters. Seven physical and mechanical characteristics (geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume of nut, surface area, shell thickness, shearing force and strength) of chestnut were determined. It was found that these characteristics were statistically different and could be used in the classification of species. In the developed ANN model, the design of the network is 7-(5-6)-1 and it consists of 7 input, 2 hidden and 1 output layers. Tansig transfer functions were used in both hidden layers, while linear transfer functions were used in the output layer. In ANN model, R2 value was obtained as 0.99999 and RMSE value was obtained as 0.000083 for training. For testing, R2 value was found as 0.99999 and RMSE value was found as 0.00031. In the approximation of values obtained with ANN model to the values measured, average error was found as 0.011%. It was found that the results found with ANN model were very compatible with the measured data. It was found that the ANN model obtained can classify chestnut varieties in a fast and reliable way.
Agronomic characteristics of Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. salep orchids
Authors: CALISKAN Omer , KURT Dursun , ODABAS Mehmet Serhat
Published: March 2020

Although salep orchids are annual plants, each new generation emerges larger than their parents. There are no data on the developmental performance of these species that cannot be cultivated due to production difficulties. This study discusses Salep vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq., one of the most common species in temperate climate regions. Tubers obtained from natural flora were divided into seven groups according to their size. Morphological characteristics of the seedlings developed from these tubers were determined and observed up to the harvest stage. The study was carried out in a randomized plot design with three replications and for two years. As a result of statistical analysis, all parameters were found to be significant. The canonical correlation between the first pair of canonical variables was 0.995 (p<0.01). The data obtained from the length of the planted tuber made the biggest contribution to the explanatory power of the canonical variables. Additionally, the mathematical relationship between width, height and area values of salep leaves was determined.
The potential sensitivity to climate change of selected endangered and important Natura 2000 Habitats and plants from Bucegi Natural Park, Romania
Authors: SÂRBU Anca , JANAUER Georg A. , EXLER Norbert , SÂRBU Ion , ANASTASIU Paulina
Published: March 2020

This study was carried out in the Bucegi Natural Park, a protected area of the Romanian Carpathians. It aims at documenting the potential sensitivity of six widespread Natura 2000 habitat types and of all plants with conservative value (200 taxa) in the mountain area, to the changes in temperature and humidity, predicted for this century. Regional expert knowledge and environmental indicator values were considered in assessing the potential habitat’s sensitivity. The results support the evidence that sensitivity to temperature may be potentially higher for habitats at alpine and subalpine levels (bushes and grasslands) and medium for forest habitats. Sensitivity to moisture was detected as potentially high for forest habitats and as medium for bushes and grasslands at high mountain elevation. Microthermophilic plants have shown a greater share (76-79%) in alpine and subalpine communities, and the hydrophilic plants (86-96%) in forest communities. About 80% of plants of conservation value (microthermophilic or hydrophilic plants) may be potentially sensitive to predicted warming and drought and 44% of them (microthermophilic and hydrophilic plants) to the changes of both parameters. Climate scenarios (2011-2100) and sensitivity maps (Sat – image interpretation with GIS for the whole mountain area) are included.
The spatial distribution patterns of rainfall use efficiency (RUE) of evergreen coniferous forests in Chinese subtropical zone
Authors: ZHANG Xiu-Juan , WANG Jun-Bang , WU Chu , KUČA Kamil
Published: March 2020

Rainfall use efficiency (RUE) of subtropics evergreen coniferous forests and RUE spatial patterns in Chinese subtropical zone were estimated. RUE and ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) spatial distribution, as well as the relationship between RUE and rainfall were particularly focused. RUE of subtropical evergreen coniferous forests and the spatial patterns were estimated based on the data collected from the related weather stations and peer-reviewed literatures. In our study, a gradually increasing tendency of NPP from northwestern to southeastern part of the subtropical zone is observed. No significant differences in RUE among these tree species are visible. RUE of the evergreen coniferous forests reduces as the rainfall increases. RUE reaches the peak when rainfall is less than 700 mm. However, the distribution of RUE is not evident. In linear regression, longitude, latitude, and PAR account for approximately 1.4% of the variability in RUE. These findings suggest that the RUE of evergreen coniferous forests in southern China has a functional convergence.
Postharvest antimicrobial treatments with organic acids to improve the shelf life of fresh blueberries
Authors: PLESOIANU Alina Madalina , TUTULESCU Felicia , NOUR Violeta
Published: March 2020

Fresh highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are one of the most popular soft fruits characterized by attractive sensorial attributes and high antioxidant potential. They are highly perishable as they are susceptible to various microbial infections, both pre- and postharvest. The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of postharvest treatments with citric (2%), benzoic (0.2%) and sorbic (0.2%) acids on physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological evolution of fresh blueberries under cold storage conditions. Samples were evaluated initially and at 7-day interval for dry matter, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and surface microbial load for six weeks storage time. Chemical treatments significantly reduced the microbial growth on the fruit surface throughout the storage period as compared to the control samples, but they caused a significant increase in moisture loss (sorbic acid > benzoic acid > citric acid > water), probably due to the partial damage of the natural cuticular wax layer covering the fruit. Antimicrobial effects of chemical treatments were more noticeable than their biochemical effects. Total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity showed similar variation pattern during storage in treated and control samples. However, at the end of the storage period, antioxidant activity was significantly higher in samples treated with citric acid and benzoic acid as compared with control samples.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Global Perspective and Willingness to Communicate in English in a Chinese University Context
Authors: Fang Fan , Chen Runting , Elyas Tariq
Published: March 2020

In an era of increasing global connectivity, acquiring a global perspective (GP) and being able to communicate in English are important for both personal and professional development. People with a GP are expected to be more willing to engage in intercultural activities, and more willing to communicate in English. Although previous studies have focused on having a GP and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English, few have investigated whether there is a correlation between these two variables. This study, conducted at a Chinese university, aimed to determine the relationship between GP and WTC in English. Data were collected from students via a questionnaire (n = 114) and interviews (n = 7) at the end of the autumn semester in 2018. The findings demonstrate that the students’ GP and their WTC in English through the English curriculum did not progress to a significant extent, and their GP and WTC in English were correlated. Furthermore, three themes that affected the interviewees’ WTC were extracted from the interviews: global cognition, self-actualization, and intercultural experience. These findings suggest that it would be beneficial to learn English by developing a GP, and that educators can enhance students’ WTC by helping them cultivate that perspective.
PREVENTION OF MILITARY STAFF' DESTRUCTIVE AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Hryb N.
Published: March 2020

The work is devoted to the current theme, because in today's socio-psychological insecurity in Ukraine there is no comprehensive approach to the organization of socio-psychological prevention of the consequences of psychotraumatic exacerbations of destructive aggression of servicemen who suffered in the conditions of participation in hostilities. The aim of the work is not only a theoretical analysis of the problem, but also a practical study of the current situation. This allows us to make conclusions and preventive recommendations, which in the future can be introduced into the professional practice of not only social workers, psychologists, but also commanders and rehabilitants.

Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the main individual and psychological determinants of the formation of destructive aggressiveness and to develop on the basis of these appropriate directions of rehabilitation work to prevent it from servicemen. Empirical methods (observation, expert assessment of staff psychologists and commanders) were used for the study in order to identify soldiers who had destructive aggression after engaging in combat operations, interviewing, forming experiment, testing with psychodiagnostic techniques.The developed corrective program revealed a positive dynamics of personality changes that began to occur in the behavior of servicemen under the action of the measures taken. The training resulted in a significant decrease in physical aggression, a slight decrease in verbal aggression, a slight increase in indirect aggression. It is proved that the individual correction of consciousness and behavior of each serviceman inclined to aggressive actions, as well as the neutralization of negative interpersonal influences, provoking aggressive manifestations in the military. Such prevention can be carried out during a stressful situation, manifestation of aggression or after the end of an aggressive state. This program can be carried out during the service in part and after returning from the area of hostilities.
Stress and fear in extreme situations
Authors: Rozenova M.I. , Ekimova V.I. , Kokurin A.V. , Ognev A.S. , Efimova O.S.
Published: March 2020

Based on the analysis of foreign sources, the article examines the issues of functional interaction between states of fear and stress in an extreme situation. These experiences or states determine important aspects of personality behavior in extreme situations. The paper shows ambiguity and some confusion about understanding the hierarchical functional development of these states: sometimes stress is called the cause of the development of fears, which, in turn, begins to increase stress, or fear acts a source of stress response in a particular situation. Studies by foreign stress specialists show some return to the original (long-known) data regarding understanding the development of stress and methods of relieving its effects. In addition, in foreign literature, the problem of mutual impact of fear and stress in an extreme situation is not sufficiently informative, which allows national studies to fill the gap, and, in a sense, to implement a «pioneering» work.
Macrocytosis is highly prevalent in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Gani Mohd. Usman , Kumar Pramod
Published: March 2020

Background: Anemia is a most common health issue in Indian population mainly due to nutritional deficiencies. A number of factors contribute in anemia which is further categorized based on various parameters in hematological indices and microscopic examination.Methods: A retrospective study has been carried out on the patients (n = 1332) in a retrospective study on the patients (n = 1332) in Raebareli district to determine prevalence of anemia and subsequent categorization into normocytic, microcytic and macrocytic based on complete blood count (CBC) profile and blood smear.Results: This study demonstrates 15.54% patients were diagnosed for anemia and more than half of the total anemic patients (55.07%) were found to be suffered from macrocytosis which was found significantly more prevalent among male (65.17%) compare to female (38.38%) patients.Conclusions: Several factors may contribute to macrocytosis among male population including alcoholism in Raebareli region. However, female patients were found almost equally susceptible to all three forms of anemia: normocytic, microcytic and macrocytic. This study provides a key insight into prevalence and possible causes of different types of anemia in this region which may be useful for implementation of government health programs to counter this problem and provide better treatment plans.
Outcome of shaft fractures among children treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Tahir Tahir El , Ahmad Saba , Ahmad Umair
Published: March 2020

Background: Long bone fractures are frequent occurrence among children and considered a frequent pediatric orthopedic injury requiring hospitalization. Authors aimed to retrospectively analyze the outcome of fixation of long bone fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) among children and adolescents.Methods: From 2010 to 2018, ESIN was performed on 128 children aged 2 to 17 years having single shaft fractures of long bones. The data related to associated injuries, postoperative complications, postoperative treatment, till bony union or removal of rods, mal-union, functional deficit, need for secondary surgical intervention and subjective complaints at follow-up originated from postoperative clinical and radiological consultations carried out regularly. The primary end points were time of complete radiological union or removal of rods.Results: The mean age at the time of accident was 9.5 years. There were 37 (28.9%) femoral fractures, 16 (12.5%) of the lower leg, 51 (39.8%) fractures of radius/ulna and 24 (18.8%) of the humerus. In 2 (2.3%) children, reoperation was necessary due to prominent ends of elastic rods and 6 (4.7%) had early removal of rods due to same reasons. End point of the study, removal of rods noted in 126 (82.8%), radiological evidence of union in 7 (5.5%) and 15 (11.7%) cases were lost at follow-up.Conclusions: ESIN fixation of diaphyseal fractures in children and adolescents is safe. ESIN was found to be minimally invasive method, noted to produce excellent functional as well as cosmetic outcomes.
Comparison of risk profile in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chhabra Sandeep , Dhooria Harmeet Pal S. , Garg Avantika , Dhooria Gurdeep S.
Published: March 2020

Background: The physiological changes associated with menopause are responsible for increase in cardiovascular disease after menopause. BMI, physical inactivity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus increase in post-menopausal women which are all powerful predictors of cardiovascular events. The risk factor profile between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women presenting with acute coronary syndrome was thus studied.Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional hospital based study and was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana wherein 50 pre-menopausal women and 50 post- menopausal women who presented with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. The risk factor profile and angiography findings amongst the 2 groups were compared.Results: There was no difference in the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension among the pre & post-menopausal groups. The prevalence of family history of cardiovascular disease was higher in the pre-menopausal group. The post-menopausal women showed a significant decrease in physical activity due to sedentary lifestyle. Both the groups had high BMI and increased waist circumference. Lipid parameters did not show any significant difference between the two groups. However, pre-menopausal women had higher LDL-C and triglyceride levels and lower HDL-C levels. On analysis of the angiographic findings in diabetics and non-diabetics, of both the groups diabetes mellitus was much higher in subjects presenting with triple vessel disease suggesting extensive atherosclerosis.Conclusions: study showed physical inactivity as an important cardiovascular risk factor in post-menopausal women. Obesity is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease in both pre- and post-menopausal women.
Reviewing shariah certificates of DSN MUI (a study on shariah certificate of DSN MUI on Paytren)
Authors: Nashirudin Muh , Sa'adah Millatus
Published: March 2020

MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/ Indonesian Ulema Council) has issued a fatwa which is related to Multi Level Marketing. This fatwa number 75/VII/ 2009 concerns with Sharia Multistage Direct Selling (PLBS) that requires an MLM company to fulfill twelve regulations  to be categorized as sharia law-conformed and deserve to get a sharia business certificate. However, DSN-MUI has also issued a decree number No. KEP- 03/DSN-MUI/VII/ 2016 on the list of sharia multistage direct selling companies and includes PT Veritra Santosa Internasional (VSI), which has sold Paytren application, as a sharia MLM with a decree number SK: 010.57.01/DSN-MUI/VII/2017. This study will discuss the consistency of DSN-MUI with its fatwa by analyzing the conformity between certficate of halal or sharia issued by DSN-MUI on Paytren and the fatwa of DSN-MUI on PLBS.
Teori ma’âlât al-af`âl dalam maqâshid syarȋ`ah dan aplikasinya pada permasalahan fiqih kontemporer
Authors: Basri Helmi , Ismail Hidayatullah
Published: March 2020

This paper is a literature study that seeks to explore the classical literature on the theory of ma'âlât Al-Afâl. This theory is a concept that focuses on efforts to read predictions of what will happen from an action taken, then the prediction will be used as a benchmark in establishing the law between allowed or prohibited. This theory has a high urgency in the contemporary ijtihad fiqih region, because the nature of contemporary jurisprudence itself tends to rely on benefit. It is the benefit prediction that can be used as a legal backing even though the consequences will be to leave the original law contained in the text. Besides mashlahah, there are several factors which require that the concept of ma'âlât Al-Af'âl is recognized in the realm of ijtihad, such as sad Al-Zarîah, Al-Dharûrah, raf`u Al-Haraj and ta`lil Al-Ahkâm. The conclusion obtained is that this predictive theory is really needed in solving contemporary problems, because the benchmark is the maqâshid syarîahah which leads to one word namely "benefit".
Pembacaan kaum feminis terhadap hadis-hadis misoginis dalam Sahih Bukhari
Authors: Elviandri Elviandri , Saiin Asrizal , Farkhani Farkhani
Published: March 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pembacaan kaum feminis terhadap hadis misoginis dalam sahih bukhari. Banyak Hadis yang dinilai misoginis oleh kalangan feminis terutama hadis yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan dan posisi perempuan yang terdapat dalam hadis sahih bukhari. Dalam kesempatan kali ini hadis yang diangkat adalah tentang mayoritas penghuni neraka adalah perempuan. Menurut kaum feminis, melihat lahirnya teks, hadis di atas berhasil memposisikan perempuan sebagai mayoritas penghuni neraka hanya karena melaknat dan mengingkari kebaikan laki-lakinya. Padahal fakta sekarang secara kuantitas penduduk bumi lebih didominasi oleh perempuan dari pada laki-laki. Dengan demikian, secara tidak langsung mengatakan bahwa mayoritas penduduk bumi adalah calon penghuni neraka. Mereka menambahkan, jika benar demikian, tentu perintah Allah untuk berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan tidak lagi berfungsi karena sudah dikecam sebagai ahli neraka. Faktanya, perempuan sekarang lebih banyak yang shalihah dari pada laki-laki. Apabila ada perempuan yang berlaku immoral tentu salah satu faktornya adalah laki-laki. Kasus PSK bisa diminimalisir bahkan dihilangkan apabila tidak ada laki-laki hidung belang. Kasus KDRT pun bisa dihindari apabila dari pihak laki-laki bisa menyadari peranannya. Dengan demikian, perempuan tidak bisa dipersalahkan sepihak, bahkan secara teologis diancam dengan neraka.
Árboles de forzamiento semántico para operaciones entre conjuntos
Authors: Sierra-Aristizabal Manuel
Published: March 2020

La semántica de valoraciones para la lógica que gobierna las operaciones entre conjuntos es caracterizada por una herramienta de inferencia visual llamada árboles de forzamiento semántico para operaciones entre conjuntos. Dada una fórmula, con esta herramienta se marcan los nodos del árbol asociado a la misma, y se determina si la fórmula es válida o no. En el caso que la fórmula sea inválida, la valoración que la refuta está determinada por las marcas de las hojas en su árbol de forzamiento, además, con esta valoración se construyen los conjuntos que generan el contraejemplo. El análisis de validez realizado con los árboles de forzamiento semántico para operaciones entre conjuntos, evita el paso por los árboles de forzamiento para la lógica de predicados, por lo que las pruebas son más cortas y más intuitivas.
ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СТОК РЕЧНЫХ ВОД ЮГА ХАБАРОВСКОГО КРАЯ В ПЕРИОД ЛЕТНЕГО ПАВОДКА
Authors: Павлова Галина Юрьевна , Вах Елена Александровна , Тищенко Павел Яковлевич , Петухов Валерий Иванович
Published: March 2020

Актуальность: изучение гидрохимического стока рек как одного из основных индикаторов экологического состояния водных объектов. Цель: получение новых знаний о гидрохимическом стоке рек юга Хабаровского края, которые необходимы для объективной оценки экологического состояния поверхностных вод края и проведения эффективных водоохранных мероприятий. Объекты: р. Амур и семь рек бассейна р. Уссури (одного из наиболее значимых притоков Амура): Бикин, Хор, Подхоренок, Бира, Кия, Малая Чирка и 2-ая Седьмая. Методы. Концентрaции мaкро-aнионов (Cl–, SO42–) измерялись методом ионно-обменной хромaтогрaфии; макро-катионов (Nа+, K+, Cа2+, Mg2+), микроэлементов и редкоземельных элементов ‒ методом ICP‒MS (Agilent, 7500с). В качестве концентрации гидрокарбонатного иона (HCO3–) принималась величина щелочности. Результаты. В июле 2011 г. проведены комплексные гидрохимические исследования в р. Амур и семи реках бассейна р. Уссури (одного из наиболее значимых притоков Амура): Бикин, Хор, Подхоренок, Бира, Кия, Малая Чирка и 2-ая Седьмая. В пробах речной воды были определены параметры основного солевого состава, микроэлементов и редкоземельных элементов. В период высокого расхода воды в высоко увлажненных южных районах Хабаровского края речные воды очень схожи по типу и величине минерализации: среди катионов доминирует Ca2+, основным противо-анионом является HCO3–; воды ультрапресные, ∑i не превышает 50 мг/л. В поверхностных водах всех исследованных рек обнаружены высокие концентрации растворенных форм Al, Fe и Pb. В р. Малая Чирка ‒ высокие концентрации растворенных Co, Cu, Mn и экстремально высокие Cd, превышающие средние глобальные концентрации в 40 раз. Содержание остальных микроэлементов в исследуемых реках в целом соответствовало их средним глобальным концентрациям и является характеристикой природного регионального фона в период летних паводков. Установлен региональный уровень суммарных концентраций растворимых форм редкоземельных элементов (1,44‒5,44 мкг/л). Величины концeнтрaций редкоземельных элементов в иccлeдуeмых реках укaзывaют нa однотипноcть иcточникa их поcтуплeния. Рассчитанные суммарные суточные потоки макро-ионов, микроэлементов и редкоземельных элементов, поставляемые реками Бира, Кия, Подхоренок, Бикин, Хор и Амур, равны 61894, 377 и 2,21 т/сут, соответственно.
ГУМИНОВЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ НАРЫКСКО-ОСТАШКИНСКОЙ ПЛОЩАДИ (КУЗБАСС)
Authors: Лепокурова Олеся Евгеньевна , Домрочева Евгения Витальевна
Published: March 2020

Актуальность работы. Растворенное органическое вещество почти всегда присутствует в водах и играет важную роль в формировании их химического состава, при этом до недавнего времени ему уделялось незаслуженно мало внимания. Для Кузнецкого бассейна изучение растворенного органического вещества очень важно в связи с наличием угольных отложений, что обуславливает региональную специфику нагрузок на водные системы. Цель: изучить особенности распределения растворенного органического вещества в поверхностных и подземных водах региона. Методы. Химический и органический состав воды определялись стандартными методами в Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории гидрогеохимии Томского политехнического университета: органический углерод (Сорг) – методом высокотемпературного каталитического окисления, перманганатная окисляемость, химическое потребление кислорода, биохимическое потребление кислорода – методами титрования. Определение фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот проводилось методом титрования по учету бихромата, расходуемого на окисление углерода фульвогуминовых кислот. Результаты и выводы. Приведены новые данные по показателям растворенного органического вещества и концентрациям фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот в речных, озерных и подземных водах Нарыкско-Осташкинской площади Кузбасса. Показано, что во всех водах в составе гуминовых веществ преимущественно распространены фульвокислоты, от 69 до 100 %, а гумусовые имеют подчиненное значение. Подземные воды зоны активного водообмена отличаются минимальными значениями всех показателей растворенного органического вещества (Сорг, перманганатная окисляемость, химическое потребление кислорода, биохимическое потребление кислорода) и относительно неоднородным составом гуминовых веществ. Речные и озерные воды отличаются более однотипным составом гуминовых веществ и узким интервалом значений показателей растворенного органического вещества, несмотря на различия в химическом составе и рН. Воды зоны затрудненного водообмена в пределах угольных отложений на глубинах 400–1200 м отличаются наибольшими показателями растворенного органического вещества и относительно однородным составом фульвокислот и гуминовых кислот. На первом этапе исследований установлено отсутствие связи концентрации органики с соленостью и химическим составом всех вод, рН и глубины.
El sistema endocannabinoide y su relación con el glaucoma, implicaciones terapéuticas: revisión de tema
Authors: Márquez Buitrago Nicoll Andrea
Published: March 2020

Introducción: el glaucoma es una de las principales causas de ceguera legal en el mundo; es la enfermedad neurodegenerativa retiniana más prevalente. Los tratamientos estándar se limitan a reducir la presión intraocular, por lo que se requieren nuevas alternativas terapéuticas. Los cannabinoides, además de reducir la presión intraocular, muestran actividad neuroprotectora contra la serie de vías hostiles que desencadena la apoptosis ganglionar. Objetivo: describir la aplicación del sistema cannabinoide en la fisiopatología del glaucoma. Métodos: el acceso de la información se realizó mediante las bases de datos científicas como Medline, Science Direct y Pubmed, con un intervalo de tiempo entre 1990 y 2018. Para clasificar la calidad de la información se hizo uso de una matriz sistemática conocida CEBM (Evidence-Based Medicine). Resultados: se encontró que a través de los receptores cannabinoides CB1 acoplados a proteínas G, se repercute de manera directa sobre la estimulación de receptores α1 y α2, lo que disminuye la producción y aumenta el drenaje del humor acuoso a través de la malla trabecular y la vía uveoescleral. Además inhibe receptores de glutamato de N-metil-D-aspartato que inducen la liberación masiva de glutamato, la producción de la enzima óxido nítrico sintasa y la endotelina 1. Conclusión: el tratamiento con cannabis puede considerarse como un método novedoso para controlar el glaucoma, ya que presenta buena tolerancia tras su aplicación tópica en ensayos clínicos; también ejerce control en las reacciones dañinas de los radicales libres, estimula la microcirculación neuronal y regula la hipoxia retiniana
PEMILIHAN BAHASA PADA MASYARAKAT ETNIK MADURA DI DESA PATEMON, KECAMATAN PAKUSARI, KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Risqiana Agustin Nur Afifah , Sariono Agus , Setyari Agustina Dewi
Published: March 2020

This research is motivated by the pluralism of Madurese ethnic society in Patemon village, subdistric of Pakusari, Jember. This social condition makes a multilingual society. In a certain situation, the society have to choose the language that will be used. This research has some purposes to know the form of language choice and the underly in factors. This research uses qualitative method. The resercher collected the data through observation, questionnaire, and interview. This tecnique of analilysis is done through tree stages: data reduction process, data display, and conclusion. The results of this research include the language choice in the family, neighboardhood, religion, govermental, and transaction domain. The language choice result in the family domain most of the informants use Madurese language in enjâ’-iya level. In household domain the languge choice of the informants are mostly use enjâ’-iya and engghi-enten level of speech. The religious domain most of the informants use engghi-enten level of speech. In the govermental domain the language choice are mostly Indonesian language. In the transacsion domain, the language choice are mostly use enjâ’-iya level of speech. Factors that determine language choice are psychological factors, habits, social status, education, kind of social relations, age, ethnic similarities or differences, and politeness in language.
Yeşil Altyapı ve Yeşil Bina Bileşeni Olarak Kurakçıl Peyzaj Uygulamaları
Authors: KAYLI Ayşenur , GÜNEŞ GÖLBEY Aslı
Published: March 2020

Küresel ısınma ve çevre sorunları nedeniyle temiz su kaynaklarının her geçen gün azalması ve mevcut kaynaklara erişimde yaşanan zorluklar dünyanın her yerinde etkisini göstermektedir. Su kaynaklarının bilinçsiz kullanımı ile temiz ve içilebilir su miktarı hızla azalmakta ve su kıtlığı meydana gelmektedir. Günümüzde tüm canlı varlıkların yaşamsal ihtiyacı olan su, her geçen gün değer kazanmakta; su tasarrufu, suyun geri dönüştürülmesi- yeniden kullanımı, yeşil altyapı uygulamaları gibi yeni ve güncel uygulamalar hayatımıza girmektedir. Peyzaj uygulamalarında, özellikle geniş çim yüzeylerin ve yüksek miktarda su tüketen bitkilerin kullanıldığı peyzaj çalışmaları su tasarrufuna yönelik bu uygulamalarla çelişmekte ve peyzaj mimarlığı çalışmalarında “Kurakçıl Peyzaj” yöntemlerinin ön plana çıkmasını sağlamaktadır. Kurakçıl Peyzaj çalışmaları, çevreci ve sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım olarak pek çok unsurda tasarruf yapılmasını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, peyzaj uygulamaları haricinde, çevre dostu yeşil bina sertifikasyon sistemlerinde de (LEED V4) aranan, önemli bir kriterdir. Bu çalışmada kurakçıl peyzaj uygulamalarının getirdiği avantajların, su tasarrufu da dahil olmak üzere tüm ekolojik sistem ve kaynakların korunması ve devamlılığını ilke edinen yeşil altyapı uygulamalarının temel ölçüt ve ilkeleri ile örtüşmesi incelenmiş; kentsel yeşil altyapı uygulamalarında ve yeşil bina sertifikasyon sistemlerinde kullanılabilirliği ve bu uygulamalarla entegrasyonu irdelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda her iki kavrama ait ilkeler ve ölçütler değerlendirildiğinde %80 örtüşme ve entegrasyon bulunmuştur.
Pengaruh Kitosan Udang Secara Topikal Terhadap Kepadatan Kolagen dalam Penyembuhan Luka Eksisi pada Tikus Putih
Authors: Prastika Dinda Dwi , Setiawan Boedi , Saputro Amung Logam , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Wibawati Prima Ayu , Fikri Faisal
Published: March 2020

Luka eksisi adalah luka yang permukaan kulit dan lapisan bawahnya akan terpotong sampai kedalaman yang bervariasi dapat terjadi secara sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh chitosan kulit udang terhadap kepadatan kolagen dalam proses penyembuhan luka eksisi pada tikus putih. Sebanyak dua puluh ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu K- luka eksisi dengan pemberian basis salep, K+ (luka eksisi+10% povidone iodine), P1 (luka eksisi+salep chitosan kulit udang 1.5%), P2 (luka eksisi+udang salep kulit kitosan 2.5%), dan P3 (luka eksisi+kitosan kulit udang 5%). Hasil perhitungan persentase kepadatan kolagen dianalisis oleh Kruskal-Wallis yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0.05) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney U. Kelompok K+, K- dan P1 memiliki perbedaan signifikan dalam kepadatan kolagen pada P2, dan kelompok P3 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini kitosan berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan kolagen dengan dosis 5%.
Peluang Usaha Budidaya Ikan Lele Sistem Akuaponik Berteknologi Bioflok di Desa Purwoasri, Tegaldlimo, Banyuwangi
Authors: Suciyono Suciyono , Ulkhaq Mohammad Faizal , Prayogo Prayogo , Dermawan Rakian Rizki , Apriliani Dian Putri , Salmatin Novia , Maulana Muhammad Hilmy , Istanti Dinda Yuni
Published: March 2020

Budidaya ikan lele dengan sistem kombinasi akuaponik dan bioflok merupakan sistem terpadu yang dinilai efektif dan efisien. Sistem akuaponik mereduksi amonia dengan menyerap air buangan budidaya atau air limbah dengan menggunakan akar tanaman. Bioflok merupakan sistem budidaya ikan intensif yang memanfaatkan prinsip daur ulang nutrien pakan yang terbuang melalui bakterial. Tujuan dilaksanakannnya pengabdian masyarakat sebagai upaya pengenalan budidaya ikan lele dengan sistem kombinasi akuaponik dan bioflok kepada masyarakat di Desa Purwoasri, Tegaldlimo, Banyuwangi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2019, terdiri dari pengenalan sistem budidaya pada masyarakat melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan serta pendampingan pelaksanaan budidaya ikan lele dengan sistem kombinasi akuaponik dan bioflok dalam bentuk bangunan/demplot. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi kepada mitra melalui pre-tes dan post-tes dan diakhiri dengan pembentukan kader. Kegiatan pengenalan sistem budidaya dilakukan kepada mitra yang terdiri dari PKK dan anggota karang taruna di desa Purwoasri sebanyak 20 orang. Berdasarkan evaluasi selama kegiatan ini berlangsung diketahui bahwa pengetahuan mitra tentang sistem budidaya meningkat hingga 75% dari evaluasi awal sebesar 40%. Selain itu, ketertarikan mitra terhadap sistem ini juga mengalami peningkatan dari 65% menjadi 89%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat memberikan dampak positif bagi mitra.
Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. pada Mencit dengan Metode Writhing Test
Authors: Bajuber Qonita , Indiastuti Danti Nur , Kusuma Edward
Published: March 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efek analgesik ekstrak etanol Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. pada mencit yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperiment  posttest only control design, menggunakan metode writhing test. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 25 mencit terbagi dalam tiga kelompok perlakuan ekstrak Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.; P1, P2, dan P3, dengan masing-masing dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, kelompok kontrol negatif aquades (K-), serta kelompok kontrol positif aspirin (K+). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (P1) dan (P2) signifikan menurunkan jumlah geliat pada mencit dibandingkan (K-) (p < 0,05), dengan persentase penurunan jumlah geliat sebesar 49,53% dan 57,01%, sedangkan (P3) tidak menunjukkan aktivitas analgesik. Ekstrak Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap (K+) untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri.
Efek Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Terhadap Kepadatan Kolagen dalam Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Derajat II pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Yulianto Rangga , Triakoso Nusdianto , Saputro Amung Logam , Setiawan Boedi , Yudhana Aditya , Agustono Bodhi
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak metanol daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) untuk meningkatkan kepadatan serabut kolagen dalam penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak dua puluh ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu K- luka dengan pemberian basis salep, K+ luka dengan pemberian Bioplacenton®, P1 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 25%, P2 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 50% dan P3 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 100%. Terapi diberikan sehari sekali selama tujuh hari. Hasil data rata-rata jumlah kepadatan serabut kolagen menunjukkan K- 83.57%, K+ 84.52%, P1 90.32%, P2 86.77% dan P3 83.36%. Kelompok P1 dan P2 tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata, tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kelompok K+, K- dan P3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ekstrak metanol daun ketapang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kepadatan serabut kolagen pada proses penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II.
Effect of a short rest period on associative and relational memory performance: A Virtual Reality study
Authors: Ribeiro Nicolas , Sagnier Camille , Quaglino Véronique , Gounden Yannick , Loup-Escande Emilie
Published: March 2020

Virtual reality immerses individuals in 3D environments where spatial properties are similar to those of real life. Virtual reality can therefore be effective and relevant in the study of memory processing, especially when spatial properties are involved. We studied the effect of a 20-minute rest period on memory performance for associative and relational learnings. Eighty-one participants were placed in a virtual environment in which they learned 24 associations implicating objects and their respective precise location. As expected, the performance of associative memory was improved by a rest period between study and test phases. We discuss these results and the benefits of using an immersive virtual environment for such memory investigation. In addition, elaborating our environment was highly informative and led to several recommendations that we believe could be useful for researchers who would like to rely on virtual reality for investigating memory.
A FICÇÃO HIPERBÓLICA: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE O MÉTODO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO FILOSÓFICA EM VILÉM FLUSSER
Authors: Reis Thiago
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo procuraremos compreender o recurso ficcional em Flus­ser como método de investigação. A ficção em Flusser é utilizada não apenas como um laboratório imaginário de experimentações que por vezes auxiliam na paralaxe dos fenômenos, mas igualmente enquanto importante recurso retórico que, através da ficção hiperbólica “dá a ver” as transformações, por vezes imper­ceptíveis, que começam a irromper no horizonte das sociedades pós-industriais. Nos debruçaremos ainda sobre a fábula do Vampyroteuthis Infernalis, o que possibilitará não apenas analisar os meandros da produção filosófico-ficcional de Flusser, mas também introduzir temas referentes às transformações ocasionadas pela forma de existência pós-histórica.
CRISE DA MODERNIDADE, NIILISMO E SENTIDO: LIMA VAZ INTÉRPRETE DO SEU TEMPO (I)
Authors: Oliveira Juliano De Almeida
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo é o primeiro de dois estudos que procuram investigar a concepção que Lima Vaz tem da modernidade e de sua crise, do emergir do niilismo no mundo contemporâneo, bem como da busca de sentido que ainda se é instado a realizar pela própria condição humana, malgrado as desconfianças que o contexto atual lança a essa atividade filosófica. Esta primeira parte trata da caracterização da modernidade e de sua interpretação por Lima Vaz, como evento do refluxo do fundamento do sentido para o sujeito humano enquanto pensante. Também será iniciada a abordagem do fenômeno da crise do projeto moderno.
The Effect of Potassium Addition on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Roots Anatomic Properties under Drought Stress
Authors: Irawan Wiski , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila
Published: March 2020

The availability of water is one of the main limiting factors for oil palm growth and production. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plants because of its role in controlling metabolic and physiological activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of different K fertilizer doses on root anatomic properties under drought stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was drought stress, consisting of three levels of fractions of transpirable soil water (FTSW) (FTSW 1 (control: field capacity); FTSW 0.35 (moderate drought); FTSW 0.15 (severe drought)) and the second factor was K dose (sourced from KCl), consisting of five levels (K0: 0%; K1: 50%; K2: 100%; K3: 150%; K4: 200%). The results showed that there was an interaction between the addition of K doses and the tolerance level of oil palm plants to drought stress. The addition of 100% K gave higher results in the parameters of xylem diameter, phloem diameter and cortex cell width compared to the plants without K. The results disclosed that 200% K application on moderate drought stress and severe drought stress in oil palm seedlings could widen xylem diameter, phloem diameters, strengthen cell such as epidermal cells, cortex cells, thickness of endodermic cells, thickness of sclerenchyma cells and increase hardness of cell compared to field capacity. As for the parameters of thick endodermic cells, stele diameter and sclerenchyma diameter, an addition of 50% K could give higher results.