bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of nearly‐grazing and fully‐grazing exoplanet system parameters derived with TESS and ground‐based instruments
Authors: Alexoudi Xanthippi , Dineva Ekaterina , Barnes Sydney , Strassmeier Klaus G.
Published: January 2023

Grazing transiting systems are rare and difficult to parameterize due to their partial transit geometry. We investigated a sample of 43 nearly‐grazing to fully‐grazing transiting exoplanetary systems, using datasets provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Satellite Survey (TESS), aiming first to refine major system parameters. We focus on the two parameters, impact parameter and planetary radius , through a comparison of TESS light curves with ground‐based light curves. We investigate if there is a potential systematic trend between ground‐based and space‐based investigations that would possibly lead to a redefinition of the grazing nature of those exoplanetary systems. Our results have shown that the value is confirmed for most of the systems within , and refined significantly for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT)‐8 b, while the uncertainty on was improved for five systems with . The measurements of four systems were successfully refined, while the uncertainty of was improved for the majority of exoplanets with . Furthermore, a systematic trend is more pronounced for systems with , where there is a mean overestimation on the ground‐based derived by . We concluded eventually that from our sample only five systems are truly grazing, while four systems that were considered as grazing are not.
A new multi‐messenger description of starburst galaxies emission: perspectives for neutrino and gamma‐ray observations
Authors: Marinelli Antonio , Ambrosone Antonio , Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano , Miele Gennaro , Pisanti Ofelia
Published: January 2023

Star‐forming and starburst galaxies (SBGs), which are well‐known cosmic‐ray (CR) reservoirs, are expected to emit gamma rays and neutrinos predominantly via hadronic collisions. In this work we analyze the 10‐year Fermi‐Low Energy Technique (LAT) spectral energy distributions of 13 nearby galaxies by means of a physical model that accounts for high‐energy proton transport in starburst nuclei and includes the contribution of primary and secondary electrons. In particular, we test the hypothesis that the observed gamma‐ray fluxes are mostly due to star‐forming activity, which is in agreement with the available star formation rates coming from infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) observations. Through this observation‐based approach, we determine the most‐likely neutrino counterparts from star‐forming and SBGs and quantitatively assess the ability of current and upcoming neutrino telescopes to detect them as point‐like sources. We also generate mock gamma‐ray data to simulate the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) performance in detecting these sources. Moreover, we propose a test to discriminate between the two different CR transport models for the starburst nuclei by looking at the different gamma‐ray expectations. We point out that current data already gives a slight preference to CR models, which are dominated by advection.
Utility of a xanthene‐based dye for determination of nilotinib using two spectroscopic approaches. Applications to bulk powder, capsules, and spiked human plasma
Authors: Dagher Diaa , Elmansi Heba , Nasr Jenny Jeehan , El‐Enany Nahed
Published: January 2023

Novel, selective, facile, and precise spectroscopic approaches were validated to determine nilotinib hydrochloride, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. These approaches depend on the reaction of the tertiary amine group of nilotinib with erythrosine B in the Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 4. Method I, depends on measuring the absorbance of the formed complex at 551 nm. The absorbance concentration plot showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.0 to 9.0 μg/ml. Method II, involved the measurement of the quenching of the native fluorescence of erythrosine B by adding nilotinib in an acidic medium. The fluorescence quenching of erythrosine B was measured at 549 nm after excitation at 528 nm. This approach showed excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.04 to 0.7 μg/ml. The limit of detection values for Method I and Method II were 0.225 and 0.008 μg/ml, respectively, while the limit of quantitation values for Method I and Method II were 0.68 and 0.026 μg/ml, respectively. To get the optimal conditions, factors that may affect the formation of the ion‐pairing complex were thoroughly examined. The two approaches were carefully validated following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH Q2R1) guidelines. Statistical assessment of the results achieved using the suggested and previously published comparison approaches showed no significant difference. The approaches were successful in determining nilotinib in a pharmaceutical dosage form as well as spiked human plasma samples. The eco‐friendly properties of the methods were evaluated by three different tools.
Discovery of TRD‐93 as a novel DRAK2 inhibitor
Authors: Park Sangjun , Kye Seungmin , Jung Myoung Eun , Chae Chong Hak , Yang Kyung‐Min , Kim Seong‐Jin , Choi Gildon , Lee Kwangho
Published: January 2023

Death‐associated protein kinase‐related apoptosis‐inducing protein kinase 2 (DRAK2) has become a promising target for drug development. In search of novel and selective DRAK2 inhibitor motif, in vitro screen kinase assay was established performed using in‐house chemical libraries. After through hit triage procedure, N2‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)‐5‐fluoro‐N4‐methylpyrimidine‐2,4‐diamine (1) was selected as initial hit with structural novelty and drug‐likeness. During hit validation, structure–activity relationship of 1 was thoroughly disclosed and TRD‐93 was finally validated as hit for DRAK2 inhibition. TRD‐93 is small (mw = 290) but selectively potent to DRAK2 (IC50 = 0.16 μM) over other kinases including DAPK family kinases. Molecular binding model study of TRD‐93 to DRAK2 is also discussed.
Are sex differences in self‐estimated intelligence an elusive phenomenon? Exploring the role of working memory, creativity, and other psychological correlates in young and older adults
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa
Published: January 2023

Background

Although there is research examining the demographic predictors of self‐estimated intelligence (SEI) in young adults, so far SEI in old age is little investigated. This study aims to examine the influence of additional variables such as self‐estimated emotional intelligence (SEEQ), physical attractiveness, health, general optimism, religiousness, and working memory (WM) on SEI both in young and older adults.

Methods

A total of 159 young (90 women, Mage = 28.77, SD = 8.83) and 152 older adults (93 women, Mage = 71.92, SD = 6.84) completed a measure of SEI as well as questions regarding the abovementioned variables. Given that WM is considered a very strong predictor of intelligence, neuropsychological assessment included the measurement of WM and phonologically cued semantic retrieval–verbal storage and processing in WM, as assessed by the Digit Span Forward and Verbal Fluency Task. The visual storage in WM was assessed with a variation of the Visual Patterns Test, and the visual storage and processing in WM with the Corsi blocks task (backward). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS‐X) was also administered as a possible influence on cognitive performance and SEI.

Results

Young males rated their intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional quotient (EQ) higher than young females. This was not confirmed for older adults, for which surprisingly the reversed pattern was found. Older women reported higher IQ and EQ than older men. Correlations showed for all participants that the higher they rated their IQ, the higher their ratings of EQ, physical attractiveness, health, and religiousness. No significant correlations between objective tests regarding WM and SEI were found, supporting SEI overestimations. Age, sex, physical attractiveness, and SEEQ were significant predictors of SEI.

Discussion

For the first time, a reverse sex difference across age groups in SEI is found. Implications for individuals and healthcare professionals involved in assessment are suggested.
‘Letting you share when you need to share’: navigating the potential and precarity of friends and peers for UK young people after sexual abuse in adolescence
Authors: Warrington Camille , Allnock Debra , Soares Claire , Beckett Helen , Starbuck Lindsay
Published: January 2023

This article explores the rarely considered role of friends and peers supporting young people after sexual abuse experienced in adolescence, drawing on participatory research with 32 young people in the UK with lived experience. The article considers ways in which relationships with friends and peers interplay with recovery from abuse. This includes friends and peers as recipients of disclosure, conduits to professional support, sources of emotional support and distraction, and being embroiled in often challenging, precarious peer cultures that young people navigate post‐abuse. The article explores young people's rationale for, and experiences of, reaching out to friends and peers. It considers what young people seek and gain from these relationships in the aftermath of abuse, while acknowledging complex risks and precarity of these relationships. It argues that support from friends offers something distinct to family and professionals. It explores benefits of these relationships, but also potential for peer responses to undermine wellbeing if not sufficiently supportive or informed. The article ends by arguing for professionals to better recognise and respond to these relational contexts and consider whether there are safe and appropriate ways to ‘support young people to support’ without responsibilisation, and recognising welfare needs of those providing such support.
The Effects of Sunitinib in Healthy and Cisplatin‐Induced Rats
Authors: Demirtas Levent , Gürbüzel Mehmet , Akbas Emin Murat , Tahirler Hilal , Karatas Ozhan , Kemal Arslan Yusuf
Published: January 2023

Sunitinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits many receptor tyrosine kinases and has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In this study, the effects of sunitinib given to rats, both alone and after stress with cisplatin, were investigated. The animals were divided into four groups – (1) control group (C) administered interperitoneally with a single dose 0.9 % saline, (2) Cis group administered a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin, (3) Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days, and (4) Cis+Sun group administered 10 mg/kg sunitinib for seven days after a single dose (7 mg/kg) of cisplatin. After these applications, the rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Sunitinib did not show any effect on urea, creatine, and kidney IL1β and TGF‐β3 expression levels when administered alone; it increased ALT, AST, and IL‐38 levels. When sunitinib was given to the cisplatin‐induced rats, it was observed that the increase in ALT, AST, and IL‐38 levels increased more than the rats that was given only sunitinib. According to the data obtained, sunitinib does not cause a significant change in kidney tissue under both normal and stress conditions, while it creates stress in liver tissue. In addition, its toxicity in the liver becomes more certain as a result of its combination with cisplatin.
Editor's notes: The student success center network
Authors: Cox Brand Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides a brief summary of each proceeding chapter in the volume. Each author is a success center executive director, staff, or champion. This volume is written with an understanding of the Student Success Center Network as a whole as well as an intimate glimpse into how the centers featured in this volume conduct their important work in unique contexts in their states.
Supporting student success centers to overcome common equity challenges
Authors: McMican Jairo
Published: January 2023

Student Success Centers (SSC) belong to a national network dedicated to increasing the number of students earning postsecondary credentials. SSCs use a variety of methods and strategies to help states within the network achieve these goals. This chapter focuses on practical ways for student success centers to help colleges navigate the complexities of addressing issues within diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) with a primary focus on equity. Using the eight most common equity challenges as a framework, this article addresses each challenge and then provides pragmatic solutions to overcome those challenges.
Systemic change: Developing an organizational strategy to increase faculty and staff diversity in California Community Colleges
Authors: Leal‐Carrillo Nadia , Gonzales Daisy , Lewis Jodi
Published: January 2023

Historically underserved and minoritized students are more likely to thrive when they are supported and led by diverse faculty and staff. In 2019, leaders of the country's largest higher education system, California Community Colleges, recognized wide gaps in representation: 52% of 2.1 million students identified as underrepresented minorities, compared to only 23% of tenured faculty and 22% of adjunct faculty. Similarly, only 41% of staff who interacted daily with students were from an underrepresented group. Addressing this barrier to student success was critical for the system to achieve its ambitious Vision for Success goals. This case study explores how the Success Center for California Community Colleges collaborated with the Chancellor's Office, faculty representatives, and other partners to develop a system‐wide organizational strategy to hire and support a workforce as diverse as the students they serve.
Using data to cultivate a culture of evidence: Case studies from two states
Authors: Konruff Ben , Barker Hilary , Foster Anne , Weber Garratt
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores how the Wisconsin Technical College System Student Success Center and the Success Center for Ohio Community Colleges provided support that encouraged data‐informed decision‐making among 2‐year college stakeholders. A case study for each Center is presented to illustrate data‐related strategies and lessons learned. The presented findings may be useful to other Student Success Centers and colleges as they engage in efforts to establish a culture of evidence where data is used to inform equitable educational policy, practice, and strategy.
Creating a culture of student success innovation through institutional coaching
Authors: Miller Jennifer M. , Wetzstein Lia , Girardi Amy
Published: January 2023

This chapter highlights the role of institutional coaches in supporting community college transformational reform efforts, such as guided pathways. The history of coaching support for student success is explored along with a description of a national network of state intermediaries supporting the work of coaches focused on campus‐level change. Specific examples of how coaching creates a culture of student success innovation and support is provided from three states.
Necessary change: What student success centers can do to support more equitable student success
Authors: Bragg Debra D.
Published: January 2023

Addressing the Student Success Center Network's newly adopted statement on racial equity and economic recovery, this chapter describes actions the student success centers and their affiliated college networks are taking to address policies and practices that perpetuate systemic inequalities and recommends additional steps to enhance educational and economic outcomes for racially minoritized students.
Paraduodenal hernia: An exceptional cause of acute bowel obstruction
Authors: Trabelsi Med Mehdi , Oueslati Annouar , Kammoun Mehdi , Jerraya Hichem , Bouasker Ibtissem , Nouira Ramzi
Published: January 2023

Internal hernias represent only 0.2%–0.9% of all causes of bowel obstruction. A 59‐year‐old patient presented urgently with small bowel obstruction. Laparotomy revealed a left paraduodenal hernia with most of the small bowel herniating through a space between the inferior mesenteric vein and duodenojejunal junction.
Double Perovskite Oxides Bringing a Revelation in Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst Design
Authors: Banerjee Anwesha , Awasthi Mahendra Kumar , Maji Pramathesh , Pal Manodip , Aziz Sheikh Tarik , Lahiri Goutam K. , Dutta Arnab
Published: January 2023

Electrocatalytic water splitting is deliberated as an assuring track to use renewable energy for the production of hydrogen; yet, its industrial application is limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Perovskite oxide‐based materials have been comprehensively explored as assuring catalysts for OER in alkaline media, with (electro)chemically persuaded alteration of their initially crystalline surface into an amorphous state. This perspective highlights the features of double perovskite electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in particular, oxygen‐deficient double‐perovskite with multiple cationic redox sites. The rational reordering of A‐ and B‐sites, along with oxygen vacancy, lead to the generation of an array of novel double perovskite catalysts. A new signifier in stability level is also projected to highlight the relationship between performance and surface stability of OER with perovskite catalyst. This descriptor will offer potential strategies to optimize OER catalytic performance by tuning the surface structure of double‐perovskites.
Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine
Authors: Lei Peng , Zhou Ying , Sun Xincheng , Dong Chuan , He Yinghe , Liu Yang , Shuang Shaomin
Published: January 2023

The detection of dopamine (DA) has received enormous attention since it is widely recognized as an important neurotransmitter associated with nerve signaling and some diseases. In this work, glucose‐derived carbon nanospheres (CNs) are synthesized by the green hydrothermal approach and are served to modify electrodes for the detection of DA. The CNs were successfully synthesized and were investigated in detail by various characterization technologies. The CNs modified glassy carbon electrode (CNs/GCE) exhibits better electrochemical sensing performance with a wide linear range of 0.05–1600 μM and a low limit of 8.3 nM for determination of DA, as compared with the modified electrodes reported previously. The CNs/GCE was successfully applied to detect DA in human serum samples, which makes it promising for a variety of biomedical applications. More importantly, this work shows a novel green and simple strategy for the development of cost‐effective and high‐performance sensing materials, which provides more opportunities for design of electrochemical sensors with future capabilities of mass production in practical applications.
Polarity‐Evolution Control and Luminescence Regulation in Multiple‐Site Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lv Yuanchao , Liang Jiashuai , Xiong Zhile , Zhang Hao , Li Delin , Yang Xue , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: January 2023

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have shown great potential in separation, sensing and host‐guest chemistry, however, the pre‐design of HOFs remains challenging due to the uncertainty of solvents′ participation in framework formation. Herein, the polarity‐evolution‐controlled framework/luminescence regulation is demonstrated based on multiple‐site hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. Several distinct HOFs were prepared by changing bonding modes of building units via the evolution of electrostatic forces induced by various solvent polarities. High‐polar solvents with strong electrostatic attraction to surrounding units showed the tendency to form cage structures, while low‐polar solvents with weak electrostatic attraction only occupy hydrogen‐bond sites, conducive to the channel formation. Furthermore, the conformation of optical building unit can be adjusted by affecting the solvent polarity, generating different luminescence outputs. These results pave the way for the rational design of ideal HOFs with on‐demand framework regulation and luminescence properties.
Near‐Infrared‐Responsive Hydrocarbons Designed by π‐Extension of Indeno[1,2,3,4‐pgra]perylene at the 1,2,12‐Positions
Authors: Kato Masaki , Kim Jinseok , Oh Juwon , Shimizu Daiki , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

The relationship between the overall electronic structure of π‐conjugated molecules and the arrangement of their constituent elements is of fundamental importance. Establishing rational design guidelines for conjugated hydrocarbons with narrow HOMO‐LUMO gaps is useful to develop near‐infrared (NIR) responsive dyes and redox‐active materials. This study describes the synthesis and properties of three conjugated hydrocarbons, i. e., an indenonaphthoperylene, an indenoterrylene, and a diindenoterrylene. These molecules exhibit NIR absorption despite the absence of significant antiaromaticity and diradical character. Notably, the indenonaphthoperylene exhibits red‐to‐NIR emission in the 620–850 nm region. The indenoterrylene and the diindenoterrylene exhibit NIR absorption tailing to 870 and 940 nm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the π‐extension of indenoperylene is disclosed in order to propose guidelines for achieving a narrow HOMO‐LUMO gap with negligible antiaromaticity and diradical character.
Gelbes Pigment als Keimschutz bei Amöben
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: January 2023

Je nach Umweltbedingungen lebt die Amöbe Dictyostelium discoideum als mobiler Einzeller oder aggregiert zum Superorganismus. Dann differenzieren die Zellen und bilden Sporen für die nächste Generation. Solche sozialen Amöben werfen viele Fragen zur chemischen Kommunikation auf. Nun wurden die Struktur und Stoffeigenschaften des Pigments, das die Kapsel mit den Sporen gelb färbt und diese vor allem vor zu früher Keimung schützt, erstmals beschrieben.
Multi‐Photon Microscopy
Authors: Sanderson Jeremy
Published: January 2023

In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super‐resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi‐photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling.

Multi‐photon microscopy is often referred to as two‐photon microscopy. Indeed, using two‐photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three‐photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled “multi‐photon microscopy.” Another term for describing multi‐photon microscopy is “non‐linear” microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non‐linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi‐photon microscopy. It is this non‐linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three‐photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi‐photon imaging.

In this paper, the necessity for two‐photon or multi‐photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi‐photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A 20‐W wideband voltage controlled attenuator for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Wang Yuan , Hsu Heng‐Tung , Tsao Yi‐Fan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present a distributed voltage controlled attenuator (VCA) featuring an extremely high power handling capability of 20 W. Theoretical analyses have been performed to simultaneously achieve a wideband, low insertion loss, and high attenuation dynamic range performance. Implemented in a commercial 0.25‐μm GaN‐on‐SiC high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology, a 1‐ to 25‐GHz VCA was measured to perform a dynamic range of 24 dB, an average insertion loss of 3.4 dB, and an average input 1‐dB compressed power (P1dB) of 43 dBm across the frequencies of interest. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper presents the monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) VCA with the reported highest power handling capability in such compact chip area, while maintaining a nice operating bandwidth and dynamic range.
Reward retraining: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel treatment approach for transdiagnostic binge eating
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Srivastava Paakhi , Manasse Stephanie M. , Wilkinson Megan L. , Felonis Christina R. , Drexler Sarah A.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Low reward response to conventionally rewarding stimuli and high reward response to food (i.e., reward imbalance), has been supported as a maintenance factor for eating disorders characterized by binge eating. The current study was a pilot randomized controlled trial testing a novel treatment approach for binge eating targeting reward imbalance, called Reward Re‐Training (RRT), in comparison to a therapeutic attention control condition (supportive psychotherapy; ST).

Method

Fifty‐nine participants were randomly assigned to receive either 10 group sessions of RRT or ST via videoconferencing software. Assessments of eating pathology and hypothesized treatment targets were completed at pretreatment, mid‐treatment, and posttreatment, and 3‐month following the end of treatment.

Results

Feasibility and acceptability success benchmarks were achieved. Results found a significant indirect effect of RRT on lower posttreatment global eating pathology through decreases in reward to food from pretreatment to mid‐treatment. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of change in hypothesized treatment mechanisms or outcomes at posttreatment or 3‐month follow‐up.

Discussion

The current study supports the feasibility and acceptability of RRT, and the preliminary efficacy of both RRT and ST. Further research comparing these approaches to CBT would help to inform who might benefit from non‐CBT based treatment approaches.

Public Significance

The current pilot study supports the feasibility and acceptability of Reward Re‐Training (RRT) as a treatment for binge eating (BE). RRT produced large, but similar, reductions in overall eating pathology and BE frequency compared to supportive psychotherapy (ST) by 3‐month follow‐up. This study supports further testing of indirect treatments such as RRT for binge eating.
Indirect comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with established heart failure: evidence based on Bayesian methods
Authors: Chen Hai‐Bin , Yang Yao‐Lin , Meng Rong‐Sen , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: January 2023

Aims

Head‐to‐head comparisons among SGLT2 inhibitors treatments in established heart failure remain absent. We conducted a systematic review of dedicated heart failure trials to assess indirectly the composite outcomes and individual clinical endpoints among SGLT2 inhibitor treatments.

Methods and results

We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo in patients with established heart failure. A Bayesian approach to network meta‐analysis was applied. Five trials including four treatment strategies were included in this study. The composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure showed no significant difference in the comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.66–1.55), dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.91–2.65), and empagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.90–2.69). All‐cause mortality showed no significant difference in the comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.711–1.18), dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.68–1.59), and empagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74–1.73). Cardiovascular death showed no significant difference in the comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.71–1.23), dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.61–1.55), and empagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.64–1.66). Hospitalization for heart failure showed no significant difference in the comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.64–1.97), dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.74–3.15), and empagliflozin and sotagliflozin (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.68–2.78).

Conclusions

In patients with established heart failure, there was no significant difference of the major efficacy outcomes among SGLT2 inhibitor treatments; however, sotagliflozin may be associated with the lowest risk of the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, and dapagliflozin may be associated with the lowest risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Investigating the Potential of Multisequence Displacement Timeseries for Fault Rheology Estimation
Authors: Köhne Tobias , Mallick Rishav , Simons Mark
Published: January 2023

Understanding the nature and behavior of the rocks in boundary zones
between tectonic plates is important to improve our understanding of
earthquake-associated hazard. Laboratory experiments can derive models
that explain material behavior on small scales and under controlled
conditions. These models can also be tested on observations of surface
motion near plate boundaries: Fitting surface displacements from
earthquakes (either shortterm offsets or longterm motion) yields
estimates of rock properties for each model. However, using only
observations from a single earthquake (from immediately after the quake
and/or the subsequent years), may not allows us to confidently
distinguish between models. In this study, we investigate the potential
of using the displacement timeseries from multiple earthquakes, as well
as the period between the quakes, to distinguish between proposed
models. We use methods that enable comparison between models and
parameters taking into account uncertainties, and perform our assessment
on an artificial dataset.
Comparison of the Estimation Methods from Acute to Chronic Biotic Ligand Model-Based Predicted No-Effect Concentrations for Nickel in Freshwater Species
Authors: Chung Jiwoong , Lee Jong-Hyeon , Hwang Dae-sik , Park Dong-Ho , An Youn-Joo , Yeom Dong-Hyuk , Park Tae-Jin , Choi Jinhee
Published: January 2023

Biotic ligand models (BLMs) and the sensitivities of indigenous species are used to assess the environmental risk considering the bioavailability of metals, such as nickel. However, the BLM-based acute–to–chronic ratio (ACR) is required if the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) cannot be derived from the chronic species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The applicability of the ACR approach for estimating BLM-based PNEC for nickel from acute toxicity data was evaluated in the present study. The BLM-based acute SSD for nickel was built using the sensitivities of 21 indigenous species and different taxon-specific BLMs for each taxonomic group. To predict the acute sensitivity of invertebrates, the chronic crustacean nickel BLM with pH effect term, which can account for nickel toxicity at high pH levels, was used. This was used instead of the existing acute BLM for crustacean, which has too narrow a pH range to cover the pH dependency of toxicity. The final BLM-based ACR of nickel, determined within a factor of 1.53 from the species-specific acute and chronic sensitivities of the six species, was more reliable than the typical ACR estimated within a factor of 1.84. A linear relationship (r2 = 0.95) was observed between the PNECs using BLM-based ACR and the PNECs derived from the BLM-based chronic SSD of the European Union Risk Assessment Reports. In conclusion, the BLM-based PNEC for nickel could be derived using the ACR approach, unlike when copper BLM was applied. The BLM-based ACR for nickel is the first result calculated by directly comparing acute and chronic species sensitivities, and will contribute to the application of BLM-based risk assessment in broader ecoregions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:914–927. © 2023 SETAC
Validation of γ‐radiation and their effect on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and microbial load of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) sticks
Authors: Ahmed Salma M. , Hassan Amro B.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to validate the optimum doses of γ‐radiation and its effect on the antioxidant capacity and microbial load of fennel seeds and cinnamon sticks. Gamma irradiation was applied in different doses 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, and 15 kGy. The findings stated that increasing gamma dose significantly (p < .05) increased the total phenolic content of the fennel seeds; however, it was decreased in cinnamon at doses higher than 5 kGy. The total flavonoid content was found higher after treatments at 5 kGy or more minor. After the gamma irradiation treatments, the antioxidant activities were enhanced. The microbial load of these spices was reduced after treatment. Doses more than 10.0 kGy are required to lower the bacterial load in samples, while only 5.0 kGy is sufficient to eliminate fungi growth. The partial least squares regression analysis stated the application of 7.5 kGy and reflects the most valid treatment doses for radiation treatments of fennel seeds and cinnamon sticks. Accordingly, it can be discovered that the γ‐radiation at a dose of 7.5 kGy could be considered a suitable dose for the preservation and decontamination of these spices and also for enhancing its antioxidant capacity. Three spices were subjected to gamma irradiation at different doses. The application of gamma radiation significantly reduces the level of the microbial load in the spices. Gamma irradiation improved the antioxidant capacity of the spices. Gamma irradiation can be applied as an effective preservative method in the food industries.
Unraveling Complex MicroRNA Signaling Pathways with Activity‐Based Protein Profiling to Guide Therapeutic Discovery**
Authors: Evers Parrish , Pezacki John Paul
Published: January 2023

microRNAs (miRNAs) are important cell factors that can play essential roles, such as regulating transcription factors in embryonic development. Traditionally, microarrays or high‐throughput sequencing of crosslinked protein‐RNA complexes have been applied to deduce direct targets, but these techniques fail to account for biomolecular interactions with functional consequences. Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) represents a promising alternative to conventional methods and was applied to the discovery of functional targets of human miRNAs. ABPP identified downregulation of MGLL and LIPC, in response to miR‐185 and miR‐27b, respectively. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was found to be modulated by these indirect downstream effectors. These findings highlight the importance of identifying functional targets in developing novel ways to mimic or inhibit miRNA pathways. This review will focus on miRNA regulation and how ABPP can be used to study these pathways.
Synergistic effects of diazotrophs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil biological nitrogen fixation after three decades of fertilization
Authors: Zhou Guopeng , Fan Kunkun , Li Guilong , Gao Songjuan , Chang Danna , Liang Ting , Li Shun , Liang Hai , Zhang Jiudong , Che Zongxian , Cao Weidong
Published: January 2023

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) via diazotrophs is an important ecological process for the conversion of atmospheric N to biologically available N. Although soil diazotrophs play a dominant role in BNF and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serve as helpers to favor BNF, the response of soil BNF and diazotrophic communities to different long‐term fertilizations and the role of AMF in diazotrophs‐driven BNF are poorly understood. Herein, a 33‐year fertilization experiment in a wheat–maize intercropping system was conducted to investigate the changes in soil BNF rates, diazotrophic and AMF communities, and their interactions after long‐term representative fertilization (chemical fertilizer, cow manure, wheat straw, and green manure). We found a remarkable increase in soil BNF rates after more than three decades of fertilization compared with nonfertilized soil, and the green manure treatment rendered the highest enhancement. The functionality strengthening was mainly associated with the increase in the absolute abundance of diazotrophs and AMF and the relative abundance of the key ecological cluster of Module #0 (gained from the co‐occurrence network of diazotrophic and AMF species) with dominant diazotrophs such as Skermanella and Azospirillum. Furthermore, although the positive correlations between diazotrophs and AMF were reduced under long‐term organic fertilization regimes, green manuring could reverse the decline within Module #0, and this had a positive relationship with the BNF rate. This study suggests that long‐term fertilization could promote N fixation and select specific groups of N fixers and their helpers in certain areas. Our work provides solid evidence that N fixation and certain groups of diazotrophic and AMF taxa and their interspecies relationship will be largely favored after the fertilized strategy of green manure.
EasyAmplicon: An easy‐to‐use, open‐source, reproducible, and community‐based pipeline for amplicon data analysis in microbiome research
Authors: Liu Yong‐Xin , Chen Lei , Ma Tengfei , Li Xiaofang , Zheng Maosheng , Zhou Xin , Chen Liang , Qian Xubo , Xi Jiao , Lu Hongye , Cao Huiluo , Ma Xiaoya , Bian Bian , Zhang Pengfan , Wu Jiqiu , Gan Ren‐You , Jia Baolei , Sun Linyang , Ju Zhicheng , Gao Yunyun , Wen Tao , Chen Tong
Published: January 2023

It is difficult for beginners to learn and use amplicon analysis software because there are so many software tools to choose from, and all of them need multiple steps of operation. Herein, we provide a cross‐platform, open‐source, and community‐supported analysis pipeline EasyAmplicon. EasyAmplicon has most of the modules needed for an amplicon analysis, including data quality control, merging of paired‐end reads, dereplication, clustering or denoising, chimera detection, generation of feature tables, taxonomic diversity analysis, compositional analysis, biomarker discovery, and publication‐quality visualization. EasyAmplicon includes more than 30 cross‐platform modules and R packages commonly used in the field. All steps of the pipeline are integrated into RStudio, which reduces learning costs, keeps the flexibility of the analysis process, and facilitates personalized analysis. The pipeline is maintained and updated by the authors and editors of WeChat official account “Meta‐genome.” Our team will regularly release the latest tutorials both in Chinese and English, read the feedback from users, and provide help to them in the WeChat account and GitHub. The pipeline can be deployed on various platforms, and the installation time is less than half an hour. On an ordinary laptop, the whole analysis process for dozens of samples can be completed within 3 h. The pipeline is available at GitHub (https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyAmplicon) and Gitee (https://gitee.com/YongxinLiu/EasyAmplicon).
Successful treatment of pure red cell aplasia using therapeutic plasma exchange after ABO‐incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Vivero Angelica , Peedin Alexis R. , Gao Yuanzheng , Karp Julie Katz
Published: January 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) are widely used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes. ABO compatibility is typically of secondary importance, and up to 50% of HSCT are performed in ABO‐incompatible pairings. In the literature, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) occurs in 1% to 50% of all major/bidirectional ABO‐incompatible stem cell transplants, but treatment of PRCA remains heterogeneous. Here, we report two cases in which patients with transfusion‐dependent PRCA following HSCT were successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Case 1: A 52‐year‐old type O‐positive male with acute myeloid leukemia underwent HSCT using apheresis‐derived HSCs from a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched, related type A‐positive male donor. He developed PRCA that was refractory to multiple therapies, so a series of 10 TPE was performed over 3 weeks. Case 2: A 21‐year‐old type A‐positive male with aplastic anemia underwent HSCT using bone marrow‐derived HSCs from a fully HLA‐matched related type B‐positive female donor. He developed PRCA that was refractory to multiple therapies, so a series of 5 TPE was performed over 2 weeks. Case 1: The patient has been transfusion independent since TPE #7, and type A red blood cells (RBCs) were seen on the ABO type after TPE #9. Case 2: The patient has been transfusion independent since after TPE #1, and type B RBCs were seen on the ABO type after TPE #5. TPE was successful in treating two patients with PRCA after ABO‐incompatible HSCT transplants. Isoagglutinin titers decreased below the level of detection for both our patients. Ultimately both patients became transfusion independent and showed evidence of erythroid cell recovery.
Board gender diversity and the financial performance of Pakistani non‐financial firms: A fuzzy‐set QCA approach
Authors: Naz Farah , Lutfullah Tooba , Arshad Sadia , Ishfaq Ahmad Muhammad , Ueng Joe
Published: January 2023

According to the upper echelon's theory, the decision‐making process in regard to competitive strategies by the top management has an enduring impact on firm performance (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). Moreover, the attributes of the individuals in top management may also affect the decision‐making process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the board gender diversity impact on the financial performance of the non‐financial companies of Pakistan. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is employed which is premised on Boolean algebra that sets foundation for the theoretical framework of complexity theory. The sample comprises of 74 non‐financial firms listed on the KSE‐100 Index. The results are modelled as a component of the intermediate solutions with board‐ level variables and gender diversity for the outcome variable (i.e., EVA and Tobin's Q). From board level variables, the impact of gender diversity and foreign directors is identified among most of the combinations whereas leverage is the prominent variable within the firm level variables, the boards of which tend to be small. The results showed a heterogeneous nature of response as board gender diversity exhibited stronger association in some configurations and in some cases it exhibited weaker association similar to that of (Pandey et al., 2022).

Originality: This study is an attempt to explore the of board gender diversity role in a firm's performance using board level and firm level variables. Therefore, this work adds to the prior research by adding a complementarity‐based methodology for analyzing board gender diversity.
Adjusting to a new reality: Consensual qualitative research on therapists' experiences with teletherapy
Authors: Békés Vera , Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie , Roberts Kailey E. , Stukenberg Karl , Prout Tracy , Hoffman Leon
Published: January 2023

Objective

In the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the use of teletherapy has become more pervasive than ever. Many therapists faced this move to a remote setting with little experience or training. We aimed to qualitatively examine therapists' subjective experience of providing teletherapy, including changes in technique, the therapeutic relationship, and the therapeutic process.

Methods

Thirty‐one psychotherapists participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were recorded, then transcribed and analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method.

Results

Therapists typically reported a change in the therapeutic relationship in terms of an increased sense of disconnection as well as shifts in various aspects of the relational dynamics, and they also typically experienced differences in the therapy process due to changes in patient and therapist engagement in the therapeutic work. Additionally, some therapists also reported that they became more active and directive in sessions, took a more informal, personal, or relaxed approach to interacting with patients, and while the emotional connection changed and they missed the energy and intimacy of in‐person sessions, the relationship in telesessions felt more authentic and human for some, and teletherapy also provided a way to discuss new dimensions in the process.

Conclusion

Overall, these results suggest great variability in therapists' subjective experiences with teletherapy, and present teletherapy as a distinct therapy format in many aspects. Further process‐level research and subsequent training is needed to better equip therapists to navigate teletherapy's challenges and harness its unique opportunities.
Mentoring first‐generation college students: Examining distinct relationship profiles based on interpersonal characteristics, support provision, and educational capital
Authors: Hagler Matthew A.
Published: January 2023

The goal of this study was to identify distinct profiles among first‐generation college students' mentoring relationships based on interpersonal characteristics, provision of college‐related support, and mentors' educational capital. First‐year, first‐generation undergraduates (n = 176) identified up to six mentors, rating various relationship characteristics, the types and degrees of college‐related support each mentor provided, and each mentor's level of educational attainment. Ratings were used as indicators in a multilevel latent profile analysis among mentoring relationships (n = 254), accounting for clustering of multiple mentors within individual participants. A 3‐profile solution best fit the data. Profiles were distinguished by closeness, frequency of contact, degree of college‐related support provided, and mentors' educational attainment. Mentors with high educational attainment (“High‐Capital Mentors”) provided the most support for college‐related issues, even with relatively infrequent contact. During their transition to higher education, first‐generation college students appear to receive more active mentoring from adults with educational capital, although other adults may serve important functions not captured by the college‐specific measures used in this study.
mRNA m6A methylation in wood frog brain is maintained during freezing and anoxia
Authors: Wade Steven , Hadj‐Moussa Hanane , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: January 2023

Freeze tolerance is an adaptive strategy that wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) use to survive the subzero temperatures of winter. It is characterized by a variety of metabolic and physiological changes that facilitate successful freezing and anoxia. As both mRNA regulation and posttranslation protein modification have been implicated in freeze tolerance, we hypothesized that posttranslational RNA regulation is also involved in coordinating freeze‐thaw cycles and metabolic rate depression. As such, we investigated the most abundant RNA modification, adenosine methylation (N6‐methyladenosine; m6A) in wood frog brains during 24 h periods of freezing and anoxia. This was followed by an examination of levels of RNA methyltransferases, demethyltransferases, and the readers of RNA methylation. Despite relative levels of methylation on mRNA remaining constant throughout freezing and anoxia, a significant increase in relative abundance of m6A methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 was observed. In addition, we investigated the effect of m6A RNA methylation on mRNA triaging to stress granules and report a significant increase in stress granule markers TIAR and TIA‐1 in both freezing and anoxia. Our findings are the first report of RNA posttranslational regulation during metabolic rate depression in the wood frog brain and suggest that the dynamic RNA methylation observed is not directly linked to mRNA regulation during periods of extreme metabolic reorganization, warranting future investigations.