bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Posterior Shoulder Stretching Program on University-Level Overhead Athletes: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chepeha Judy C. , Magee David J. , Bouliane Martin , Sheps David , Beaupre Lauren
Published: April 2017

Objective:

To determine whether a posterior shoulder stretch was effective in increasing internal rotation (IR) and horizontal adduction (HAd) range of motion (ROM) in overhead athletes identified as having reduced mobility.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial (parallel design).

Setting:

University-based sports medicine clinic.

Participants:

Thirty-seven university-level athletes in volleyball, swimming, and tennis, with IR ROM deficits ≥15°, were randomized into intervention or control groups. No subjects withdrew or were lost to follow-up.

Intervention:

The intervention group performed the “sleeper stretch” daily for 8 weeks, whereas the control group performed usual activities.

Main Outcome Measures:

Independent t tests determined whether IR and HAd ROM differences between groups were significant at 8 weeks and 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance tests measured the rate of shoulder ROM change. Subject-reported shoulder pain and function were obtained at each evaluation.

Results:

Significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups' IR and HAd ROM at 8 weeks (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) compared with baseline (zero weeks) (P = 0.19 and P = 0.82, respectively). Significant improvements in IR were detected in the intervention group at 4 weeks (P < 0.001), whereas HAd demonstrated significant changes only at 8 weeks (P = 0.003). Reported shoulder function (P = 0.002) was different between study groups at 8 weeks.

Conclusion:

Overhead, university-level athletes with an IR deficit ≥15° significantly increased their IR and HAd ROM after performing a posterior shoulder stretch for 8 weeks.

Clinical Relevance:

Effective management of posterior shoulder tightness through stretching may reduce the incidence of shoulder pathology in overhead athletes.
Early Empiric Antibiotic Use Is Associated With Delayed Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants
Authors: Martinez Francisco E. , Ferri Walusa A.G. , Leone Clea R. , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco , Guinsburg Ruth , Meneses Jucille do Amaral , Vale Marynéa Silva do , Marba Sergio Tadeu Martins , de Carvalho Werther Brunow , de Souza Rugolo Ligia Maria Suppo , de Andrade Lopes José Maria , Ribeiro Manoel A. , Procianoy Renato S. , Duarte José Luiz Muniz Bandeira , Bouzada Maria Cândida Ferrarez , de Lima Mota Ferreira Daniela Marques , Filho Navantino Alves , de Albuquerque Diniz Edna Maria , Zanardi Dulce Maria Toledo , Testoni Daniela , Santos Cristina Nunes dos , Gomzález Maria Rafaela Conde , Venzon Paulyne Stadler , Belik Jaques ,   Brazilian Neonatal Research Network
Published: April 2017

The causative factors of neonatal feeding intolerance are poorly understood, but potentially related to clinical practices such as empiric antibiotic usage. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether early empiric antibiotic exposure negatively affects preterm infants’ enteral feeding tolerance. Data from infants without risk factors for sepsis, 500 to 1499 g birth weight and 24 to 34 weeks gestational age were analyzed. The primary outcomes were the empiric antibiotic exposure effects on the infants’ total parenteral nutrition usage duration and prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Among the 901 infants included, 67 were exposed to early empiric antibiotic. A 50% increase in parenteral nutrition usage duration and a 4‐fold greater prevalence of NEC was seen in the early empiric antibiotic‐exposed neonates, when compared with control infants (P < 0.01). Early empiric antibiotic exposure appears to negatively influence preterm infant feeding tolerance and possibly contributes to NEC.
Reduced Functional Connectivity Between the Hypothalamus and High‐order Cortical Regions in Adolescent Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Li Shi‐Jiang , Shaker Reza , Silverman Alan , Kern Mark , Ward Douglas B. , Li Wenjun , Xu Zhan , Chelimsky Gisela , Sood Manu R.
Published: April 2017

The hypothalamus plays a critical role in maintaining visceral homeostasis. Altered hypothalamus activation has been implicated in functional gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). One important aspect of homeostatic regulation is the cortical modulation of limbic and paralimbic subsystems, including the hypothalamus, which in turn affects the descending regulatory processes mediating visceral homeostasis. Using neuroimaging, we evaluated hypothalamus functional connectivity in adolescent patients with IBS and age‐matched healthy controls who received rectal distension stimulations. More extensive hypothalamus connectivity was observed in liminal than subliminal condition in controls, but not in patients with IBS. Compared with controls, patients with IBS showed significantly reduced hypothalamus connectivity in the bilateral prefrontal cortices, supplementary motor and premotor areas, bilateral sensorimotor cortex, and limbic subareas, which are specifically involved in homeostatic regulation. The findings support the generalized homeostatic regulation model that reduced cortical and limbic modulations of hypothalamus functioning underlies disrupted visceral homeostasis in patients with IBS.
Modification of Ganglioside Content of Human Gastric Epithelial Cell Membrane Decreases Helicobacter pylori Adhesion
Authors: Rivas‐Serna Irma Magaly , Mazurak Vera C. , Keelan Monika , Clandinin Michael Thomas
Published: April 2017

Background:

In polarized cells, ganglioside location determines ganglioside function. Diet alters ganglioside content and composition in cell membranes. Ganglioside acts as a receptor for Helicobacter pylori. H pylori infects the stomach epithelium and may cause peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The present study used purified gangliosides to modify the ganglioside composition of human gastric epithelial cells in vitro to reduce H pylori adhesion.

Methods:

A human gastric epithelial cell line (NCI‐N87) was cultured with a ganglioside mix or with pure ganglioside (GM3 or GD3) at different concentrations (0–30 μg/mL) and ganglioside membrane content of gastric cells was determined after 48 hours. LC/triple quadrupole MS was used to analyse ganglioside concentration. H pylori was inoculated into the culture media of gastric cells previously treated with gangliosides GM3 or GD3 or a combination of GM3 and GD3.

Results:

GD3 and GM3 content increased in the plasma membrane in a dose‐dependent manner. Gastric cells treated with GD3 showed more GM3 content than GD3 (P < 0.01). Ganglioside content was modified in the apical membrane, but GM3 and GD3 were also found in the basolateral membrane after treatments. Gastric cells treated with GM3, GD3 or the combination of GM3:GD3 decreased H pylori adhesion to gastric cells at all ganglioside concentrations tested by 80% compared with untreated gastric cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

These observations suggest that GD3 and GM3 present in the stomach lumen may be taken up into the apical gastric membrane and decrease H pylori adhesion to the epithelium.
Patients' Experience After a Fall and Their Perceptions of Fall Prevention
Authors: Lim Mei Ling , Ang Seng Giap Marcus , Teo Kai Yunn , Wee Yan Hui Celestine , Yee Shu Ping , Lim Shu Hui , Ang Shin Yuh
Published: April 2017

An exploratory descriptive study was conducted to explore the perspectives of patients who had fallen in the hospital; 100 patients were interviewed. An inductive content analysis approach was adopted. Six themes emerged: Apathetic toward falls, self-blame behavior, reluctance to impose on busy nurses, negative feelings toward nurses, overestimating own ability, and poor retention of information. Patients often downplayed the risks of falls and were reluctant to call for help.
Consensus Review of Optimal Perioperative Care in Breast Reconstruction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations
Authors: Temple-Oberle Claire , Shea-Budgell Melissa A. , Tan Mark , Semple John L. , Schrag Christiaan , Barreto Marcio , Blondeel Phillip , Hamming Jeremy , Dayan Joseph , Ljungqvist Olle
Published: April 2017

Background:

Enhanced recovery following surgery can be achieved through the introduction of evidence-based perioperative maneuvers. This review aims to present a consensus for optimal perioperative management of patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery and to provide evidence-based recommendations for an enhanced perioperative protocol.

Methods:

A systematic review of meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and large prospective cohorts was conducted for each protocol element. Smaller prospective cohorts and retrospective cohorts were considered only when higher level evidence was unavailable. The available literature was graded by an international panel of experts in breast reconstructive surgery and used to form consensus recommendations for each topic. Each recommendation was graded following a consensus discussion among the expert panel. Development of these recommendations was endorsed by the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society.

Results:

High-quality randomized controlled trial data in patients undergoing breast reconstruction informed some of the recommendations; however, for most items, data from lower level studies in the population of interest were considered along with extrapolated data from high-quality studies in non–breast reconstruction populations. Recommendations were developed for a total of 18 unique enhanced recovery after surgery items and are discussed in the article. Key recommendations support use of opioid-sparing perioperative medications, minimal preoperative fasting and early feeding, use of anesthetic techniques that decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting and pain, use of measures to prevent intraoperative hypothermia, and support of early mobilization after surgery.

Conclusion:

Based on the best available evidence for each topic, a consensus review of optimal perioperative care for patients undergoing breast reconstruction is presented.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, V.
Adolescent Desire for Cosmetic Surgery: Associations with Bullying and Psychological Functioning
Authors: Lee Kirsty , Guy Alexa , Dale Jeremy , Wolke Dieter
Published: April 2017

Background:

Adolescent bullying may be a key driver of interest in cosmetic surgery. This study examined the extent of such interest and whether any effect was sex-specific, and examined psychological functioning as a potential mechanism through which bullying involvement may lead to a wish for cosmetic surgery.

Methods:

A two-stage design was used. In the first stage, 2782 adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) were screened for bullying involvement using self-reports and peer nominations. In the second stage, 752 adolescents who were bullies, victims, bully-victims, or uninvolved in bullying reported their desire for cosmetic surgery. Psychological functioning was constructed as a composite of self-esteem and emotional problems (assessed at stage 1) and body-esteem scores (assessed at stage 2).

Results:

Adolescents involved in bullying in any role were significantly more interested in cosmetic surgery than uninvolved adolescents. Desire for cosmetic surgery was greatest in adolescents who were bullied (victims and bully-victims) and girls. Desire for cosmetic surgery was highest in girls, but sex did not interact with bullying role. Being victimized by peers resulted in poor psychological functioning, which increased desire for cosmetic surgery. In contrast, desire for cosmetic surgery in bullies was not related to psychological functioning, which was in the normal range.

Conclusions:

Bullying victimization is related to poor psychological functioning, and both are related to a greater desire for cosmetic surgery in adolescents. Cosmetic surgeons should screen candidates for psychological vulnerability and may want to include a short screening questionnaire for a history of peer victimization.
Treatment of Isolated Zygomatic Arch Fracture: Improved Outcomes with External Splinting
Authors: Hindin David I. , Muetterties Corbin E. , Mehta Chirag , Boukovalas Stefanos , Lee Justine C. , Bradley James P.
Published: April 2017

Background:

The various approaches to reduction and fixation of isolated displaced zygomatic arch fractures have not been well studied. The authors compared established treatment methods for zygomatic arch fractures for both aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with isolated zygomatic arch fractures with a minimum of 6 months’ follow-up were studied in five groups: group 1, intraoral approach (no fixation); group 2, temporal approach (no fixation); group 3, coronal flap plate fixation; group 4, external splint fixation; and group 5, no surgery. Perioperative complications, facial contour symmetry (aesthetic outcome), improvement in mouth opening (functional outcome), and reoperations were compared.

Results:

Patients undergoing external splint fixation had no perioperative complications. Coronal flap plate fixation had the highest rate of perioperative complications (46 percent), with facial nerve injury (4 percent), hematoma (8 percent), and persistent hyperesthesia (8 percent). Reoperations (fat grafting or bony reconstruction) were highest with coronal flap plate fixation (23 percent) and the temporal approach (7.7 percent); external splint fixation and the intraoral approach required no reinterventions. Patients treated with external splint fixation had the largest improvement in mean interincisor mouth opening. Mean postoperative interincisor opening in decreasing order was as follows: external splint fixation (51.6 mm), coronal flap plate fixation (47.1 mm), no surgery (39.8 mm), intraoral approach (39.6 mm), and temporal approach (38.9 mm). The highest volumetric symmetry was seen in external splint fixation (97.9 percent), followed by coronal flap plate fixation (94 percent), temporal approach (76.2 percent), intraoral approach (73 percent), and no surgery (68.3 percent).

Conclusion:

For isolated zygomatic arch fracture, patients undergoing external splint fixation had the lowest risk of perioperative complications and the greatest improvement in functional and aesthetic outcomes compared with the intraoral approach (no fixation), the temporal approach (no fixation), coronal flap plate fixation, and no surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, II.
First Lower Two-Thirds Osteomyocutaneous Facial Allograft Perfused by a Unilateral Facial Artery: Outcomes and Vascularization at 1 Year after Transplantation
Authors: Fischer Sebastian , Lee Thomas C. , Krezdorn Nicco , Alhefzi Muayyad , Kueckelhaus Maximilian , Bueno Ericka M. , Pomahac Bohdan
Published: April 2017

Background:

Facial allotransplantation provides a unique opportunity to restore facial form and function in severely disfigured patients. Using a single unilateral facial artery for vascularization can significantly reduce surgical duration and thus facilitate the practice of face transplantation.

Methods:

A 33-year-old man with a history of high-energy ballistic trauma received a facial allograft comprising the lower two-thirds of the face, including maxilla and mandible. Vascular anastomoses involved one unilateral facial artery and two veins. Vascularization patterns, airway volume, and facial functions were assessed before and 1 year after transplantation. In addition, immunosuppressive therapy and rejection episodes were recorded.

Results:

One year after transplantation, the facial allograft is well perfused and gradually improving in function. Unilateral facial artery anastomosis remains patent and collateralization with the contralateral side is taking place through collaterals of the submental arteries. Bony perfusion of the maxilla and mandible is provided periosteally. Bilateral venous outflow is evident. Airway volume is significantly increased compared with before transplantation, and gastrostomy and tracheostomy tubes have been securely removed. The recipient has gained the abilities to smell, speak, feel, and grimace 1 year after transplantation. Steroids were successfully weaned after 9 months, leaving the patient on dual immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Two rejection episodes occurred, of which one was treated by steroid pulse and the other by adjusting the maintenance therapy.

Conclusions:

In this patient, a facial allograft comprising the lower two-thirds of the face including the maxilla and mandible is sufficiently perfused by one unilateral facial artery. Bilateral venous outflow, however, seems to be necessary. Facial allotransplantation can significantly and securely improve facial form and function.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, V.
Defining Temporal Hairline Landmarks
Authors: Nagarkar Purushottam A. , Cheng Jonathan
Published: April 2017

Brow dermoids are benign pediatric neoplasms. Endoscopic resection requires incisions placed within the temporal hairline, which is often difficult to reliably locate in infants. The authors studied adult and pediatric patients to define the location of the hairline in relationship to simple facial landmarks. Adult and pediatric patients who were seen in preoperative consultation for facial surgical procedures were identified and included in the study. Patients with a history of facial trauma, surgery, or congenital anomalies were excluded. Digital photographs were analyzed to measure corneal white-to-white diameter. Lines were drawn connecting the tragus to the lateral canthus and from the inferiormost aspect of the earlobe bisecting the first line (line A). The maximal distance between line A and the temporal hairline was recorded. One hundred sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria, 81 adults and 35 pediatric patients. Average age was 55.9 years in adults and 3.2 years in the pediatric group. Measurements were normalized to the corneal diameter. Average temporal hairline distance from line A was 25.0 mm in adults and 21.8 mm in the pediatric group. Hairline position was not correlated with age or sex. The temporal hairline can be reliably located relative to a line drawn from the inferior aspect of the earlobe to the midpoint of the line connecting the lateral canthus and tragus. The temporal hairline is within 30 mm of this line. When designing a temporal hairline incision in infants, it can be safely placed 30 mm or more posterior to this line to ensure a well-hidden scar.
Effects of a Brief Team Training Program on Surgical Teams’ Nontechnical Skills: An Interrupted Time-Series Study
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Harbeck Emma , Kang Evelyn , Steel Catherine , Fairweather Nicole , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: April 2017

Background

Up to 60% of adverse events in surgery are the result of poor communication and teamwork. Nontechnical skills in surgery (NOTSS) are critical to the success of surgery and patient safety. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of a brief team training intervention on teams’ observed NOTSS.

Methods

Pretest-posttest interrupted time-series design with statistical process control analysis was used to detect longitudinal changes in teams’ NOTSS. We evaluated NOTSS using the revised NOTECHS weekly for 20 to 25 weeks before and after implementation of a team training program.

Results

We observed 179 surgical procedures with cardiac, vascular, upper gastrointestinal, and hepatobiliary teams. Mean posttest NOTECHS scores increased across teams, showing special cause variation. There were also significant before and after improvements in NOTECHS scores in respect to professional role and in the use of the Surgical Safety Checklist.

Conclusions

Our results suggest associated improvements in teams’ NOTSS after implementation of the team training program.
Automated Attenuation Based Tube Potential Selection of the Lower Extremity Runoff: A Comparison to Fixed Kilovolt with Automated Tube Current Modulation
Authors: Beeres Martin , Juhee Kang , Bucher Andreas M. , Frellesen Claudia , Albrecht Moritz , Wichmann Julian L. , Park Clara , Kaup Moritz , Scholtz Jan Erik , Vogl Thomas J. , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Bodelle Boris
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of automated attenuation-based tube potential selection (ATPS) on image quality and radiation dose exposure parameters at a computed tomography angiography (CTA) lower-extremity runoff.

Materials and Methods

Two hundred forty patients (156 men, 84 women) underwent CTA examinations of the lower-extremity runoff on a second-generation dual-source computed tomography system: 120 patients at a fixed tube potential of 120 kV and a tube current of 180 reference mAs, another 120 patients using automated ATPS. Volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length-product (DLP), body diameters, noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and subjective image quality were compared.

Results

In the ATPS group, 80 kV was automatically selected in 102 patients, 100 kV in 15 patients, and 120 kV in 3 patients; 140 kV was not chosen in any of the cases. The median CTDIvol of 4.81 mGy (2.2–10.6 mGy) and DLP of 568 mGy⋅cm (203–1324 mGy⋅cm) in the ATPS group were significantly lower compared with the CTDIvol of 8.1 mGy (4.4–14.4 mGy) and DLP of 1027.5 mGy⋅cm (509–1806 mGy⋅cm) in the fixed 120-kV group (P < 0.01). Image quality was comparable (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Automated ATPS allows for significant dose savings in lower-extremity runoff CTA, whereas image quality remains constant at a high level.
Effects of B Value on Quantification of Rapid Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Normal and Acute Ischemic Brain Tissues
Authors: Chou Ming-Chung , Ko Cheng-Wen , Chiu Yu-Hsien , Chung Hsiao-Wen , Lai Ping-Hong
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has been widely used to characterize brain tissue alterations. Diffusion-weighting factor or b value plays an important role in the measurement of rapid DKI and may have influential effects on them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of b value on rapid DKI indices in normal and acute ischemic brain tissues.

Materials and Methods

This study enrolled 10 healthy subjects and 4 acute ischemic stroke patients. Three repeated DKI data with 6 high b values (500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 s/mm2) were acquired from healthy subjects, whereas nonrepeated DKI data with 3 high b values (1000, 2000, 3000 s/mm2) were acquired from ischemic stroke patients. The DKI datasets were decomposed into several rapid DKI datasets consisting of 1 b0 and 2 high b values for comparisons.

Results

The results showed that b value significantly impacted the reproducibility and accuracy of DKI indices. The comparisons demonstrated that DKI with b = (0, 1000, 3000) s/mm2 exhibited more reproducible and accurate DKI indices than other DKI datasets in normal brain tissues, and similar results were noticed in acute ischemic brain tissue.

Conclusions

We concluded that b value significantly impacted the quantification of DKI indices in both normal and acute ischemic brain tissues.
Inflow Angle of Small Paraophthalmic Aneurysms Is a Determinant of Adjacent Sphenoid Bone Remodeling
Authors: Giancaspro Gianni , Gagné Thierry , Tampieri Donatella , Cortes Maria DelPilar
Published: April 2017

Objective

Large internal carotid artery aneurysms can cause remodeling of the sphenoid bone with subsequent hemorrhage into the sinus. No reports have demonstrated small unruptured lesions causing similar bone remodeling. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate our experience with small unruptured paraophthalmic aneurysms causing sphenoid bone remodeling, specifically when the optimal aneurysm inflow angle is present.

Methods

We searched our database for computed tomography angiography studies of small paraophthalmic aneurysms and assessed adjacent sphenoid bone remodeling and inflow angle.

Results

We found that aneurysms causing sphenoid remodeling represent 19.51% of all small paraophthalmic aneurysms at our institution and that the average inflow angle for these aneurysms was 94.38 degrees, significantly greater than for those not causing remodeling.

Conclusions

Our findings add support to using computed tomography angiography in the follow-up of aneurysms to assess surrounding bone changes and to the development of a more evidence-based approach in the management of small paraophthalmic aneurysms, which currently may be managed conservatively.
Cytoreductive Surgery for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Fairweather Mark , Balachandran Vinod P. , Li George Z. , Bertagnolli Monica M. , Antonescu Cristina , Tap William , Singer Samuel , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Raut Chandrajit P.
Published: April 2017

Objective:

To refine treatment recommendations for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and surgery.

Background:

Early reports suggested that patients with metastatic GIST responding to TKIs treated with surgery may have favorable outcomes. However, identification of prognostic factors was limited by small cohorts.

Methods:

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from time of surgery and from start of initial TKI was determined. Multivariate analysis was conducted on all patients undergoing GIST metastasectomy between 2001 and 2014 at 2 institutions.

Results:

We performed 400 operations on 323 patients with metastatic GIST on TKIs. Radiographic response at time of surgery was classified as responsive disease (RD, n = 64, 16%), stable disease (SD, n = 100, 25%), unifocal progressive disease (UPD, n = 132, 33%), and multifocal progressive disease (MPD, n = 104, 26%). For patients on imatinib before surgery, radiographic response was predictive of PFS from time of surgery (RD 36 months, SD 30 months, UPD 11 months, MPD 6 months; P < 0.001) and from imatinib initiation (RD 71 months, SD 51 months, UPD 47 months, MPD 33 months; P < 0.001). Radiographic response was predictive of OS from time of surgery (RD not reached, SD 110 months, UPD 59 months, MPD 24 months; P < 0.001), and from imatinib initiation (RD not reached, SD 144 months, UPD 105 months, MPD 66 months; P = 0.005). Radiographic response was not predictive of PFS/OS for patients on sunitinib. Metastatic mitotic index ≥5/50 HPF, MPD, and R2 resection were prognostic of worse PFS/OS; primary mutation was not.

Conclusions:

Surgery in metastatic GIST patients in the absence of MPD on imatinib is associated with outcomes at least comparable with second-line sunitinib and may be considered in select patients.
Delirium Associated With Fluoxetine Discontinuation: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Kuang-Yuan , Liu Hsing-Cheng
Published: April 2017

Background

Withdrawal symptoms on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation have raised clinical attention increasingly. However, delirium is rarely reported in the SSRI discontinuation syndrome.

Case

We report a case of delirium developing after fluoxetine discontinuation in a 65-year-old female patient with major depressive disorder. She experienced psychotic depression with limited response to treatment of fluoxetine 40 mg/d and quetiapine 100 mg/d for 3 months. After admission, we tapered fluoxetine gradually in 5 days because of its limited effect. However, delirious pictures developed 2 days after we stopped fluoxetine. Three days later, we added back fluoxetine 10 mg/d. Her delirious features gradually improved, and the clinical presentation turned into previous psychotic depression state. We gradually increased the medication to fluoxetine 60 mg/d and olanzapine 20 mg/d in the following 3 weeks. Her psychotic symptoms decreased, and there has been no delirious picture noted thereafter.

Conclusions

Delirium associated with fluoxetine discontinuation is a much rarer complication in SSRI discontinuation syndrome. The symptoms of SSRI discontinuation syndrome may be attributable to a rapid decrease in serotonin availability. In general, the shorter the half-life of any medication, the greater the likelihood patients will experience discontinuation symptoms. Genetic vulnerability might be a potential factor to explain that SSRI discontinuation syndrome also occurred rapidly in people taking long–half-life fluoxetine. The genetic polymorphisms of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways might be potentially associated with SSRI discontinuation syndrome.
Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Engelsdorf Timo , Gigli-Bisceglia Nora , Veerabagu Manikandan , McKenna Joseph F. , Augstein Frauke , van der Does Dieuwertje , Zipfel Cyril , Hamann Thorsten
Published: April 2017

Plant cells are surrounded by walls, which must often meet opposing functional requirements during plant growth and defense. The cells meet them by modifying wall structure and composition in a tightly controlled and adaptive manner. The modifications seem to be mediated by a dedicated cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. Currently the mode of action of the mechanism is not understood and it is unclear how its activity is coordinated with established plant defense signaling. We investigated responses to induced cell wall damage (CWD) impairing CWI and the underlying mechanism inArabidopsis thaliana.Interestingly inhibitor- and enzyme-derived CWD induced similar, turgor-sensitive stress responses. Genetic analysis showed that the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FEI2 and the mechano-sensitive, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+- channel MCA1 function downstream of the THE1 RLK in CWD perception. Phenotypic clustering with 27 genotypes identified a core group of RLKs and ion channels, required for activation of CWD responses. By contrast, the responses were repressed by pattern-triggered immune (PTI) signaling components including PEPR1 and 2, the receptors for the immune signaling peptideAtPep1. InterestinglyAtPep1 application repressed CWD-induced phytohormone accumulation in aPEPR1/2-dependent manner. These results suggest that PTI suppresses CWD-induced defense responses through elicitor peptide-mediated signaling during defense response activation. If PTI is impaired, the suppression of CWD-induced responses is alleviated, thus compensating for defective PTI.

Significance statement

Stress resistance and plant growth determine food crop yield and efficiency of bioenergy production from ligno-cellulosic biomass. Plant cell walls are essential elements of the biological processes, therefore functional integrity of the cell walls must be maintained throughout. Here we investigate the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. We characterize its mode of action, identify essential signaling components and show that theAtPep1 signaling peptide apparently coordinates pattern triggered immunity (PTI) and cell wall integrity maintenance in plants. These results suggest how PTI and cell wall modification coordinately regulate biotic stress responses with plants possibly compensating for PTI impairment through enhanced activation of stress responses regulated by the CWI maintenance mechanism.
A novel k-mer set memory (KSM) motif representation improves regulatory variant prediction
Authors: Guo Yuchun , Tian Kevin , Zeng Haoyang , Guo Xiaoyun , Gifford David Kenneth
Published: April 2017

The representation and discovery of transcription factor (TF) sequence binding specificities is critical for understanding gene regulatory networks and interpreting the impact of disease-associated non-coding genetic variants. We present a novel TF binding motif representation, the K-mer Set Memory (KSM), which consists of a set of aligned k-mers that are over-represented at TF binding sites, and a new method called KMAC forde novodiscovery of KSMs. We find that KSMs more accurately predict in vivo binding sites than position weight matrix models (PWMs) and other more complex motif models across a large set of ChIP-seq experiments. KMAC also identifies correct motifs in more experiments than four state-of-the-art motif discovery methods. In addition, KSM derived features outperform both PWM and deep learning model derived sequence features in predicting differential regulatory activities of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) alleles. Finally, we have applied KMAC to 1488 ENCODE TF ChIP-seq datasets and created a public resource of KSM and PWM motifs. We expect that the KSM representation and KMAC method will be valuable in characterizing TF binding specificities and in interpreting the effects of non-coding genetic variations.
Arc restores juvenile plasticity in adult mouse visual cortex
Authors: Jenks Kyle R. , Kim Taekeun , Pastuzyn Elissa D. , Okuno Hiroyuki , Taibi Andrew V. , Bito Haruhiko , Bear Mark F. , Shepherd Jason D.
Published: April 2017

The molecular basis for the decline in experience-dependent neural plasticity over age remains poorly understood. In visual cortex, the robust plasticity induced in juvenile mice by brief monocular deprivation (MD) during the critical period is abrogated by genetic deletion of Arc, an activity-dependent regulator of excitatory synaptic modification. Here we report that augmenting Arc expression in adult mice prolongs juvenile-like plasticity in visual cortex, as assessed by recordings of ocular dominance (OD) plasticityin vivo. A distinguishing characteristic of juvenile OD plasticity is the weakening of deprived-eye responses, believed to be accounted for by the mechanisms of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD). Accordingly, we also found increased LTD in visual cortex of adult mice with augmented Arc expression, and impaired LTD in visual cortex of juvenile mice that lack Arc or have been treatedin vivowith a protein synthesis inhibitor. Further, we found that although activity-dependent expression ofArcmRNA does not change with age, expression of Arc protein is maximal during the critical period and declines in adulthood. Finally, we show that acute augmentation of Arc expression in wild type adult mouse visual cortex is sufficient to restore juvenile-like plasticity. Together, our findings suggest a unifying molecular explanation for the age- and activity-dependent modulation of synaptic sensitivity to deprivation.

Significance Statement

Neuronal plasticity peaks early in life during critical periods and normally declines with age, but the molecular changes that underlie this decline are not fully understood. Using the mouse visual cortex as a model, we found that activity-dependent expression of the neuronal protein Arc peaks early in life, and that loss of activity-dependent Arc expression parallels loss of synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. Genetic overexpression of Arc prolongs the critical period of visual cortex plasticity and acute viral expression of Arc in adult mice can restore juvenile-like plasticity. These findings provide a mechanism for the loss of excitatory plasticity with age, and suggest that Arc may be an exciting therapeutic target for modulation of the malleability of neuronal circuits.
Association mapping and haplotype analysis of the pre-harvest sprouting resistance locusPhs-A1reveals a causal role ofTaMKK3-Ain global germplasm
Authors: Shorinola Oluwaseyi , Balcárková Barbara , Hyles Jessica , Tibbits Josquin F. G. , Hayden Matthew J. , Holušova Katarina , Valárik Miroslav , Distelfeld Assaf , Torada Atsushi , Barrero Jose M. , Uauy Cristobal
Published: April 2017

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is an important cause of quality loss in many cereal crops and is particularly prevalent and damaging in wheat. Resistance to PHS is therefore a valuable target trait in many breeding programmes. ThePhs-A1locus on wheat chromosome arm 4AL has been consistently shown to account for a significant proportion of natural variation to PHS in diverse mapping populations. However the deployment of sprouting resistance is confounded by the fact that different candidate genes, including the tandem duplicatedPlasma Membrane 19 (PM19)genes and themitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (TaMKK3-A)gene, have been proposed to underliePhs-A1. To further define thePhs-A1locus, we constructed a physical map across this interval in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat. We established close proximity of the proposed candidate genes which are located within a 1.2 Mb interval. An association analysis of diverse germplasm used in previous genetic mapping studies suggests thatTaMKK3-A, and notPM19, is the major gene underlying thePhs-A1effect in European, North American, Australian and Asian germplasm. We identified the non-dormantTaMKK3-Aallele at low frequencies within the A-genome diploid progenitorTriticum urartugenepool, and show an increase in the allele frequency in modern varieties. In UK varieties, the frequency of the dormantTaMKK3-Aallele was significantly higher in bread-making quality varieties compared to feed and biscuit-making cultivars. Analysis of exome capture data from 58 diverse hexaploid wheat accessions identified fourteen haplotypes across the extendedPhs-A1locus and four haplotypes forTaMKK3-A. Analysis of these haplotypes in a collection of UK and Australian cultivars revealed distinct major dormant and non-dormantPhs-A1haplotypes in each country, which were either rare or absent in the opposing germplasm set. The diagnostic markers and haplotype information reported in the study will help inform the choice of germplasm and breeding strategies for the deployment ofPhs-A1resistance into breeding germplasm.
Visual context modulates action perception in 10-month-old infants
Authors: Bache Cathleen , Noack Hannes , Springer Anne , Stadler Waltraud , Kopp Franziska , Lindenberger Ulman , Werkle-Bergner Markus
Published: April 2017

Research on early action perception has documented infants’ astounding abilities in tracking, predicting, and understanding other people’s actions. Common interpretations of previous findings tend to generalize across a wide range of action stimuli and contexts. In this study, ten-month-old infants repeatedly watched a video of a same-aged crawling baby that was transiently occluded. The video was presented in alternation with videos displaying visually either dissimilar movements (i.e., distorted human, continuous object, and distorted object movements) or similar movements (i.e., delayed or forwarded versions of the crawling video). Eye-tracking behavior and rhythmic neural activity, reflecting attention (posterior alpha), memory (frontal theta), and sensorimotor simulation (central alpha), were concurrently assessed. Results indicate that, when the very same movement was presented in a dissimilar context, it was tracked at more rear parts of the target and posterior alpha activity was elevated, suggesting higher demands on attention-controlled information processing. We conclude that early action perception is not immutable but shaped by the immediate visual context in which it appears, presumably reflecting infants’ ability to flexibly adjust stimulus processing to situational affordances.
Necroptosis promotes the Aging of the Male Reproductive System in Mice
Authors: Li Dianrong , Meng Lingjun , Xu Tao , Su Yaning , Liu Xiao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: April 2017

Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in mammals that is mediated by a pair of kinases, RIP1 and RIP3, as well as the RIP3 substrate MLKL. We report here that male reproductive organs of both RIP3-and MLKL-knockout mice retain “youthful” morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild type mice deteriorate. The RIP3 phosphorylation of MLKL, the activation marker of necroptosis, is detected in spermatogonial stem cells in the testes of old but not in young wild type mice. When the testes of young wild type mice are given a local necroptotic stimulus, their reproductive organs showed accelerated aging. Feeding of wild type mice with an RIP1 inhibitor prior to the normal onset of age-related changes in their reproductive organs blocked the appearance of signs of aging. Thus, necroptosis in testes promotes the aging-associated deterioration of the male reproductive system in mice.
Appearance of efficient luminescence energy transfer in doped orthovanadate nanocrystals
Authors: Bishnoi Swati , Swati G. , Singh Paramjeet , Jaiswal V. V. , Sahu Mukesh K. , Gupta Vinay , Vijayan N. , Haranath D.
Published: April 2017

This paper reports the detailed synthesis mechanism and the structural, morphological and optical characterization of ultraviolet (∼311 nm) excitable samarium doped gadolinium yttrium orthovanadate, (Gd,Y)VO4:Sm3+, nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement studies confirmed that the synthesized samples crystallize in a tetragonal structure with I41/amd space group. The enhanced photoluminescence intensity of (Gd,Y)VO4:Sm3+ compared with the existing YVO4:Sm3+ phosphor clearly indicates the significant role of Gd3+ ions. This has been attributed to the sensitization of the 6
P

J
energy level of Gd3+ ions by energy transfer from orthovanadate (VO4
3−) ions and subsequent energy trapping by Sm3+ ions. The energy transfer from VO4
3− to Sm3+
via Gd3+ ions as intermediates and concentration quenching of Gd3+ luminescence are discussed in detail. The optical band gap of the as-prepared nanocrystals has been estimated using UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals a slightly higher band gap (3.75 eV) for YVO4 as compared to GdYVO4 (3.50 eV). Furthermore, confocal microcopy, decay parameters and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromatic coordinates have supplemented these studies, which established the suitability of these nanophosphors for achieving spectral conversion in silicon solar cells.
The ash heap of crystallography: restoring forgotten basic knowledge. Corrigendum
Authors: Nespolo Massimo
Published: April 2017

One imprecise and one incomplete statement in the article by Nespolo [J. Appl. Cryst. (2015), 48, 1290–1298] are corrected.
The crystal structure of (C2H9N2)2[Zn3(HPO3)4], a three-dimensional zincophosphite framework containing 16-membered rings templated by the unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazinium cation
Authors: Katinaitė Judita , Harrison William T. A.
Published: April 2017

The solution-mediated synthesis and crystal structure of 1,1-dimethylhydrazinium tetraphoshonoatotrizincate, (C2H9N2)2[Zn3(HPO3)4], are described. The anionic [Zn3(HPO3)4]2− framework is built up from alternating ZnO4 tetrahedra and HPO3 pseudo-pyramids to generate a three-dimensional 4,3-net encapsulating the C2H9N2
+ cations. The organic cations, which are protonated at their central N atoms, occupy pores delineated by large 16-membered polyhedral rings and interact with the framework by way of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and possible C—H...O interactions. One of the zinc ions lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and all the other atoms lie on general positions. The crystal studied was found to be rotationally twinned about the [001] axis in reciprocal space in a 0.585 (5):0.415 (5) ratio.
Crystal structure of 1,4,8,11-tetraazoniacyclotetradecane bis(dichromate) monohydrate from synchrotron data
Authors: Moon Dohyun , Choi Jong-Ha
Published: April 2017

The asymmetric unit of the hydrated title salt, (C10H28N4)[Cr2O7]2·H2O [C10H28N4 = H4(cyclam) = 1,4,8,11-tetraazoniacyclotetradecane], contains two half-cations (both completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry), two dichromate anions and one water molecule. The two [CrO7]2− anions exhibit a nearly staggered conformation, with bridging angles of 133.37 (11) and 136.28 (12)°. The distortions of the dichromate anions are due to their participation in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the water molecule and the cations. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the cyclam N—H groups and water O—H groups as donor groups, and the O atoms of the dichromate anions as acceptor groups give rise to a three-dimensional network.
Crystal structure of dibromomethoxyseselin (DBMS), a photobiologically active pyranocoumarin
Authors: Bauri A. K. , Foro Sabine , Rahman A. F. M. M.
Published: April 2017

The title compound, C15H14Br2O4 [systematic name: rac-(9S,10R)-3,9-dibromo-10-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-h]chromen-2(8H)-one], is a pyranocoumarin derivative formed by the bromination of seselin, which is a naturally occurring angular pyranocoumarin isolated from the Indian herb Trachyspermum stictocarpum. In the molecule, the benzopyran ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.044 (2) Å for the O atom. The dihydropyran ring is in a half-chair conformation and the four essentially planar atoms of this ring form a dihedral angle of 4.6 (2)° with the benzopyran ring system. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [010]. In addition, π–π stacking interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.902 (2) and 3.908 (2) Å, link the hydrogen-bonded chains into layers parallel to (001).
Does big data analytics influence frontline employees in services marketing?
Authors: Motamarri Saradhi , Akter Shahriar , Yanamandram Venkat
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Big data analytics (BDA) helps service providers with customer insights and competitive information. It also empowers customers with insights about the relative merits of competing services. The purpose of this paper is to address the research question, “How does big data analytics enable frontline employees (FLEs) in effective service delivery?”

Design/methodology/approach

The research develops schemas to visualise service contexts that potentially benefit from BDA, based on the literature drawn from BDA and FLEs streams.

Findings

The business drivers for BDA and its level of maturity vary across firms. The primary thrust for BDA is to gain customer insights, resource optimisation and efficient operations. Innovative FLEs operating in knowledge intensive and customisable settings may realise greater value co-creation.

Practical implications

There exists a considerable knowledge gap in enabling the FLEs with BDA tools. Managers need to train, orient and empower FLEs to collaborate and create value with customer interactions. Service-dominant logic posits that skill asymmetry is the reason for service. So, providers need to enhance skill levels of FLEs continually. Providers also need to focus on market sensing and customer linking abilities of FLEs.

Social implications

Both firms and customers need to be aware of privacy and ethical concerns associated with BDA.

Originality/value

Knitting the BDA and FLEs research streams, the paper analyses the impact of BDA on service. The research by developing service typology portrays its interplay with the typologies of FLEs and BDA. The framework portrays the service contexts in which BD has major impact. Looking further into the future, the discussion raises prominent questions for the discipline.