bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:BaF2 laser
Authors: Xue Wen-Ze , Lin Zhang-Lang , Zeng Huang-Jun , Zhang Ge , Loiko Pavel , Basyrova Liza , Benayad Abdelmjid , Camy Patrice , Petrov Valentin , Mateos Xavier , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: April 2022

We report on a continuous-wave (CW) and passively mode-locked operation of a fluorite-type Yb:BaF2 crystal. Pumped with a spatially single-mode, fiber-coupled InGaAs laser diode at 976 nm, the Yb:BaF2 laser generated a maximum CW output power of 512 mW at 1054.4 nm, corresponding to a laser threshold of 36.5 mW and a slope efficiency of 65.0%. A continuous wavelength tuning across 85 nm (1007–1092 nm) was achieved. By implementing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for initiating and sustaining the soliton pulse shaping, near Fourier-transform-limited pulses as short as 52 fs were generated at 1058.2 nm with an average output power of 129 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ∼79.5 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the passively mode-locked operation of the Yb:BaF2 crystal.
Multifunctional all-dielectric metasurface quarter-wave plates for polarization conversion and wavefront shaping
Authors: He Houjin , Tang Shiwei , Zheng Ziwei , Ding Fei
Published: April 2022

Different from conventional optical waveplates, which suffer from limited functionalities and bulky configurations, metasurfaces provide full-range birefringence control along with unprecedented capabilities of wavefront shaping at any wavelength range of interest with properly designed anisotropic meta-atoms, thereby resulting in miniaturized planar meta-waveplates with excellent and fancy functionalities beyond the conventional counterparts. In this Letter, we design a set of dielectric metasurface quarter-wave plates (QWPs) that enable efficient circular-to-linear polarization conversion along with complete phase control over the converted linearly polarized beam under circularly polarized (CP) excitation. Capitalizing on this meta-QWP platform, we numerically demonstrate two advanced multifunctional meta-QWPs (i.e., a beam-steerer and a focusing metalens) to generate different wavefronts with homogeneous and inhomogeneous linear polarization distributions under CP excitation, mimicking the functionalities of cascaded multi-stage optical components. Owing to the compactness, flexibility, and versatility, such meta-QWPs are capable of integrating more advanced applications in polarization optics.
Designing highly sensitive exposed core surface plasmon resonance biosensors
Authors: Sarker Hasan , Alam Farzana , Khan Mahfizur Rahman , Mollah Md. Aslam , Hasan Md. Lincon , Rafi A. B. M. Saiduzzaman
Published: April 2022

With technological advancement, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are effectively used to design miniaturized, flexible, and efficient biosensors. This paper proposes an exposed core PCF biosensor based on widely known surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena. An external sensing mechanism is followed to characterize the sensing performance within the refractive index (RI) range between 1.28 and 1.40. Metal strip (gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)) is deposited on the outer surface only along the four channels instead of the entire surface, which could decrease the difficulties associated with the metal deposition on the entire circular surface. Simulating the sensor using finite element method based COMSOL Multiphysics software, we find tremendous amplitude sensitivity of 7420.69 RIU−1 and wavelength sensitivity of 87,000 nm/RIU. In addition, the sensor offers the highest resolution of 7.7×10−6 RIU, the figure of merit of 1011.63 RIU−1, signal to noise ratio of 10.05 dB, the detection accuracy of 0.016598 nm−1, and detection limit of 102.23 nm. However, the promising sensing performance indicates that the proposed sensor could be implemented effectively to detect different biological and chemical substances.
Using tunable inter-resonator coupling to reshape the mid-infrared absorption spectrum of graphene-based metamaterials
Authors: Sakib Mashnoon A. , Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: April 2022

We explore the use of tunable inter-resonator coupling to reshape the spectral absorptivity of a graphene-based metamaterial. The metamaterial comprises of a periodic array of coupled metal-insulator-metal resonators, with two resonators per unit cell. One resonator supports a bright mode, and the other a dark mode. We use coupled-mode theory to show that, by tuning the resonant wavelength of the bright mode through the dark mode, the spectrum can be reconfigured from a single-peak shape to a split-peak shape. We then propose specific, realistic device geometries to allow realization of this concept.
Potential security and privacy issues in zero UI touchless technology
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Campbell Abraham G.
Published: April 2022

Touchless technology often called Zero User Interface (UI) has begun to permeate every aspect of our lives as its use became necessary for hygiene measures in public places. The evolution of touchless technology replacing touchscreen interaction started as a luxury concept to give a fancier look to digital interactions, but now it has gained real value as a health-oriented interaction method. Switching to a touchless interface reduces common touchpoints, which help to safeguard against the spread of pathogens. Although the evolution of touchless technology is not new, its use massively increased due to its inherent hygienic nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this investment in a new form of digital interaction has several privacy and security issues that need attention, in order to allow for safe human–machine interaction to cope with security breaches and cyber-attacks to protect our credentials. This paper outlines the potential security and privacy issues concerning Zero UI adoption in various technologies that need to be considered if one wishes to adopt responsible technology practices with this technology.
Serum Amyloid A is not obligatory for high-fat, high-sucrose, cholesterol-fed diet-induced obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications
Authors: Ji Ailing , Trumbauer Andrea C. , Noffsinger Victoria P. , Jeon Hayce , Patrick Avery C. , De Beer Frederick C. , Webb Nancy R. , Tannock Lisa R. , Shridas Preetha
Published: April 2022

Several studies in the past have reported positive correlations between circulating Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and obesity. However, based on limited number of studies involving appropriate mouse models, the role of SAA in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences has not been established. Accordingly, herein, we have examined the role of SAA in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complicationsin vivousing mice deficient for all three inducible forms of SAA: SAA1.1, SAA2.1 and SAA3 (TKO). Male and female mice were rendered obese by feeding a high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) and control mice were fed rodent chow diet. Here, we show that the deletion of SAA does not affect diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism or adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was a modest effect on glucose metabolism. The results of this study confirm previous findings that SAA levels are elevated in adipose tissues as well as in the circulation in diet-induced obese mice. However, the three acute phase SAAs do not play a causative role in the development of obesity or obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and dyslipidemia.
Factors associated with a history of treatment interruption among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sasse Simone A. , Harrington Bryna J. , DiPrete Bethany L. , Chagomerana Maganizo B. , Klyn Laura Limarzi , Wallie Shaphil D. , Maliwichi Madalitso , Jumbe Allan N. , Hoffman Irving F. , Rosenberg Nora E. , Tang Jennifer H. , Hosseinipour Mina C. ,   on behalf of the S4 Study
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Long-term care engagement of women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to effective HIV public health measures. We sought to explore factors associated with a history of HIV treatment interruption among pregnant women living with HIV presenting to an antenatal clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of pregnant women living with HIV who had a history of ART interruption presenting for antenatal care. Women were categorized as either retained in HIV treatment or reinitiating care after loss-to-follow up (LTFU). To understand factors associated with treatment interruption, we surveyed socio-demographic and partner relationship characteristics. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with ART interruption were estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance. We additionally present patients’ reasons for ART interruption.

Results

We enrolled 541 pregnant women living with HIV (391 retained and 150 reinitiating). The median age was 30 years (interquartile range (IQR): 25–34). Factors associated with a history of LTFU were age <30 years (aPR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.33–1.63), less than a primary school education (aPR 1.25; CI: 1.08–1.46), initiation of ART during pregnancy or breastfeeding (aPR 1.49, CI: 1.37–1.65), nondisclosure of HIV serostatus to their partner (aPR 1.39, CI: 1.24–1.58), lack of awareness of partner’s HIV status (aPR 1.41, CI: 1.27–1.60), and no contraception use at conception (aPR 1.60, CI 1.40–1.98). Access to care challenges were the most common reasons reported by women for treatment interruption (e.g., relocation, transport costs, or misplacing health documentation).

Conclusions

Interventions that simplify the ART clinic transfer process, facilitate partner disclosure, and provide counseling about the importance of lifelong ART beyond pregnancy and breastfeeding should be further evaluated for improving retention in ART treatment of women living with HIV in Malawi.
The diagnostic value of nasal microbiota and clinical parameters in a multi-parametric prediction model to differentiate bacterial versus viral infections in lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Li Yunlei , van Houten Chantal B. , Boers Stefan A. , Jansen Ruud , Cohen Asi , Engelhard Dan , Kraaij Robert , Hiltemann Saskia D. , Ju Jie , Fernández David , Mankoc Cristian , González Eva , de Waal Wouter J. , de Winter-de Groot Karin M. , Wolfs Tom F. W. , Meijers Pieter , Luijk Bart , Oosterheert Jan Jelrik , Sankatsing Sanjay U. C. , Bossink Aik W. J. , Stein Michal , Klein Adi , Ashkar Jalal , Bamberger Ellen , Srugo Isaac , Odeh Majed , Dotan Yaniv , Boico Olga , Etshtein Liat , Paz Meital , Navon Roy , Friedman Tom , Simon Einav , Gottlieb Tanya M. , Pri-Or Ester , Kronenfeld Gali , Oved Kfir , Eden Eran , Stubbs Andrew P. , Bont Louis J. , Hays John P.
Published: April 2022

Background

The ability to accurately distinguish bacterial from viral infection would help clinicians better target antimicrobial therapy during suspected lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Although technological developments make it feasible to rapidly generate patient-specific microbiota profiles, evidence is required to show the clinical value of using microbiota data for infection diagnosis. In this study, we investigated whether adding nasal cavity microbiota profiles to readily available clinical information could improve machine learning classifiers to distinguish bacterial from viral infection in patients with LRTI.

Results

Various multi-parametric Random Forests classifiers were evaluated on the clinical and microbiota data of 293 LRTI patients for their prediction accuracies to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The most predictive variable was C-reactive protein (CRP). We observed a marginal prediction improvement when 7 most prevalent nasal microbiota genera were added to the CRP model. In contrast, adding three clinical variables, absolute neutrophil count, consolidation on X-ray, and age group to the CRP model significantly improved the prediction. The best model correctly predicted 85% of the ‘bacterial’ patients and 82% of the ‘viral’ patients using 13 clinical and 3 nasal cavity microbiota genera (Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus).

Conclusions

We developed high-accuracy multi-parametric machine learning classifiers to differentiate bacterial from viral infections in LRTI patients of various ages. We demonstrated the predictive value of four easy-to-collect clinical variables which facilitate personalized and accurate clinical decision-making. We observed that nasal cavity microbiota correlate with the clinical variables and thus may not add significant value to diagnostic algorithms that aim to differentiate bacterial from viral infections.
Association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Prospective NISAMI cohort
Authors: de Castro Caroline Tianeze , Pereira Marcos , dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa
Published: April 2022

Background

Paracetamol is widely used to manage fever and pain during pregnancy worldwide. However, paracetamol may affect the pregnant woman and fetus, once this drug crosses the placental barrier after therapeutic doses and may impair fetal liver function, affecting fetus growth and development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes as preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age.

Methods and findings

Data from 760 pregnant women within the NISAMI Cohort between June 2012 and February 2014 were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association among paracetamol use during pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic, maternal, pregnancy, and newborn covariates. Around 14% of women were exposed to paracetamol during pregnancy. A decrease in paracetamol use throughout pregnancy was observed. Lower risk of low birth weight in infants born to women exposed to the drug (OR 0.21; IC 95% 0.01–0.99) was found. Paracetamol use during pregnancy was not statistically associated with preterm birth or small for gestational age.

Conclusions

The findings of this study do not suggest an increased risk of perinatal outcomes. However, it should not be assumed that paracetamol is a risk-free medication and its use must be rational.
Relationship between nursing home COVID-19 outbreaks and staff neighborhood characteristics
Authors: Shen Karen
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly deadly for residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities. This paper analyzes COVID-19 deaths at nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic in the United States during the spring and early summer 2020. By combining data on facility-level COVID-19 deaths during this period with data on the neighborhoods where nursing home staff reside for a sample of eighteen states, this paper finds that staff neighborhood characteristics were a large and significant predictor of COVID-19 nursing home deaths. Even after controlling for the county where a facility is located, one standard deviation increases in average staff neighborhood (Census tract) population density, public transportation use, and non-white share were associated with 1.3 (p < .001), 1.4 (p < .001), and 0.9 (p < .001) additional deaths per 100 beds, respectively. These effects are larger than all facility management or quality variables, and larger than the effect of the nursing home’s own neighborhood characteristics. These results suggest COVID-19 outbreaks in staff communities can have large consequences for the facilities where they work, even in highly-rated facilities, and that disparities in nursing home outbreaks may be related to differences in the types of neighborhoods nursing home staff live in.
Characteristics of the flow regime along the regulated Tisza river reach downstream of Tiszafüred
Authors: Bezdán Mária
Published: April 2022

An attempt is presented at clearing the reasons of some uncommon flow phenomena observed over the Tisza reach downstream of Tisza-füred and at pointing to the practical significance of the results ob-tained. Over six hundred thousand daily stage data were selected from the more than six million (!) water levels registered form 1876 to 2009 (on the gauges between Tiszafüred and Novi Be?ej (Törökbecse)). Drawing also on the data of ground water wells, the conclusions ar-rived at are believed to be of interest to theoretical fluvial hydrologists, yet also to river engineers engaged in designing and operating (when needed) flood control schemes.
Coins and Jetons from the Kozyulinsky Burial Mound as a Historical Source
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, L. Pletneva , A. Pushkarev ,   Tomsk State University
Published: April 2022

The article introduces the coins and jetons from the Kozyulinsky burial mound, and gives their full description: 70 coins and 2 coin-like plates, 13 jetons and 1 imitation. The results are presented of the elemental composition of those numismatic finds, visual identification of which was difficult. The background of finding the coins and jetons in the burial is provided along with the information: where they were located, what were the associated objects. All finds were analyzed on the basis of sex/age. Some of the coins and all jetons were punched, which indicates they were used as jewelry. Most of the coins from the burials were not punched. This probably indicates that people who left the Kozyulinsky burial mound also used coins as a monetary equivalent, which had an individual value. Coins and Nuremberg jetons are one of the reliable sources as far as the dating of the burial complexes of the 17th — 19th centuries is concerned. The carried out research clarify the dating of the Kozyulinsky burial mound (kurgan burial): there are no coins and jetons aged later than 1676 in it. The published materials may be useful for clarifying the chronology of synchronous archaeological sites of the Western Siberia and adjacent territories.
Burial Complexes and Ritual Practices of the Yayoi Culture, Japanese Archipelago
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, D. Ivanova
Published: April 2022

In the 1st millennium BC in Western Japan, emergency a new cultural tradition, which was different from the Jōmon Period. If in an early stage (approx. 10th — 8th centuries BC), during the transitional phase, was peaceful coexistence between the Jomon and Yayoi populations, then during the period from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century AD we can see a change from the economy of hunter–gathering to the producing one (agriculture, animal husbandry); the emergence of new technologies (metallurgy), innovation in the funeral rite and the social structure of Yayoi society. As a result of the gradual expansion of settlers from the Korean Peninsula, the Jōmon cultural tradition practically ceases to exist in most of the archipelago, with the exception of local variants on Hokkaido and Ryukyu Islands. In a number of popular science publications, we can read that these events and their significance for the territory of the Japanese archipelago are to a certain extent comparable with the discovery of the New World by Europeans and the subsequent dramatic destinies of the aborigines. The only difference is in the scale of the territories and in the fact that the Europeans actually interrupted the evolution of state and early state societies in pre–Columbian America, and on the territory of the Japanese islands, migrants from the continent, on the contrary, stimulated the emergence of proto–state formations. However, the process of introducing a new culture and accompanying technologies in reality was much more complicated, differed in different regions of the archipelago in its dynamics and degree of continuity with the previous Jōmon culture.
Promoting Nurse Practicioner Practice: Why Is The Role Important For Tanzania And How Will It Help Augment Health Care In Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Trinitas joseph
Published: April 2022

Background:
Biblioteca da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Authors: Farias Magna Loures , Pontes Samantha Eunice de Miranda Marques , Rangel Marcio Ferreira
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar a narrativa histórica da Biblioteca da Academia Brasileira de Ciências desde sua fundação até os dias atuais, quando incorporada ao acervo da Biblioteca Henrique Morize (BHM), do Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (MAST), como Coleção Especial Academia Brasileira de Ciências. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas não-estruturadas e análise qualitativa dos dados. A pesquisa encontra-se em andamento e, como resultados parciais, foi possível identificar os principais marcos no histórico da referida biblioteca, de 1916 a 2020. Os resultados são apresentados em dois momentos: a biblioteca antes da transferência para o MAST e, como coleção especial, após a transferência. Por meio do acordo firmado com o MAST, a biblioteca da ABC “renasceu” como Coleção Especial Academia Brasileira de Ciências, na Biblioteca Henrique Morize e, desde então adquiriu novas características de gestão e uso do acervo, tornando-se objeto de pesquisa de mestrado e doutorado enquanto coleção e, seus exemplares tornaram-se novamente fonte de consulta para inúmeros pesquisadores.
questão da raridade
Authors: Baptista Dulce Maria
Published: April 2022

Discute-se a questão da obra rara em diferentes contextos, com destaque para a biblioteca, enquanto instituição curadora. Autores como Moraes, Hallewell e Pinheiro, entre outros, compõem o referencial teórico utilizado na pesquisa. Embora buscando precisão, os critérios empregados na definição do documento raro admitem certa flexibilidade. São explorados os acervos raros existentes na Biblioteca Pedro Aleixo da Câmara dos Deputados, na Biblioteca Luis Viana Filho, do Senado Federal, e na Biblioteca Central, da Universidade de Brasília
coleções especiais sob o domínio das distinções
Authors: Souza de Menezes Vinícios , Porto Bozzetti Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

Utiliza as discussões de documento por atribuição e documento por intenção de Jean Meyriat para sugerir a existência de hipodocumentos e supradocumentos. Explora como o adjetivo especial pode atribuir um peso central ou marginalizado para coleções de documentos. Enumera os conceitos tradicionais de coleções especiais na Arquivologia, Museologia e Biblioteconomia, identificando semelhanças e distanciamentos. Aponta que as coleções especiais são compostas por documentos especiais, dotados de características que os distinguem dos demais de maneira endo-orientada, caracterizada pela valorização da coleção/documento ou exo-orientada caracterizada pela marginalização das coleções/documentos. Usa o conceito de distinção de Pierre Bourdieu para demonstrar as legitimações de discursos dominantes e diferenças sociais que as coleções especiais, supradocumentos e seus espaços realizam
Representação descritiva em acervos de vestuário
Authors: Souza Elisabete Gonçalves de , Senna Dandara
Published: April 2022

Os acervos de moda reúnem vestimentas e outros objetos caracterizando-se como coleções especiais que necessitam de tratamento descritivo específico. O objetivo é conhecer e avaliar as formas de representação e descrição de um acervo de vestuário a fim de auxiliar os profissionais na sua organização. Quando à metodologia, trata-se de pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e exploratório que teve como campo empírico o acervo do Instituto Zuzu Angel. Faz simulação de descrição usando os padrões MARC e AACR2r para a catalogação de uma peça do acervo – o Vestido de Protesto Político, usado pela estilista em desfile realizado em 1971 em Nova York. Conclui que as vestimentas acompanham a evolução da humanidade; são registros que expressam valores sociais, culturais, políticos e econômicos, formas de poder e de distinção social, mas também de informação, resistência e denúncia.
raridade bibliográfica na Biblioteconomia e na Ciência da Informação brasileira
Authors: Marques Pereira Araujo Dina , José Nascimento da Silveira Fabricio
Published: April 2022

O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a raridade bibliográfica na Biblioteconomia e na Ciência da Informação brasileira a partir de dois recortes – temporal (1941 à 2015) e discursivo (conceito de livro raro, história do livro raro no Brasil, relatos de experiência institucional e critérios de raridade), com vistas a refletir acerca da evolução da produção intelectual sobre o tema e sobre os atores que contribuíram para e que mobilizam essas discussões. Em face disso apresenta um panorama, seletivo e não exaustivo, de discursos referentes ao livro raro na Biblioteconomia e na Ciência da Informação brasileira com o objetivo de sistematizar a produção e de indicar a evolução e as contribuições dos profissionais bibliotecários nesse cenário. Finalmente sistematiza as perspectivas reveladas pela produção intelectual sobre o tema na atualidade como forma de contribuir para os estudos do patrimônio bibliográfico no Brasil.
Ação cultural em arquivos universitários
Authors: Bahia Eliana Maria dos Santos , Ramos Leandra , Ramos Leandra
Published: April 2022

O estudo apresenta as atividades de ação cultural realizadas na Semana Nacional de Arquivos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, no período de 2017 a 2019. Apresentam-se os conceitos de arquivos universitários, difusão e marketing, e ação cultural nos arquivos. O presente estudo tem como objetivos identificar, analisar e descrever as ações realizadas pelo Arquivo Central da UFSC na Semana Nacional de Arquivos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina no período de 2017 a 2019. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi qualitativa, descritiva, documental e bibliográfica exploratória. O procedimento para a coleta de dados foi por meio de consulta na documentação do evento da Semana Nacional de Arquivos de 2017 a 2019 em conjunto com informações complementares repassadas pela Gestão do Arquivo. Concluiu-se que a ação cultural se faz necessária, pois as iniciativas contempladas na Semana Nacional de Arquivo trouxeram grandes benefícios para o arquivo e para comunidade, onde o Arquivo Central da UFSC, em sua atuação desde a criação do evento atuou com excelência juntamente com o Departamento do CIN e com o Curso de Arquivologia aqui representado pelos professores do Curso.
Clinical manifestations and evaluation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Moshkhoeva L. S. , Barinov A. N.
Published: April 2022

A serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which requires early evaluation for the effective treatment. The possibilities of pulse oximetry, which allows to assess heart rate variability in screening of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with T2DM and MetS, have not yet been studied sufficiently.

Objective: to evaluate the pulse oximetry effectiveness by comparing its results with the data of quantitative autonomic testing (QAT) to detect cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and clarify its degree in patients with T2DM and MetS.

Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with T2DM (mean age 63±7.9 years), 30 patients with MetS (mean age 61.5±9.1 years), 30 subjects from the control group (mean age 49.7±9.3 years). Patients underwent pulse oximetry, basic cardiovascular reflex tests, assessment of subjective sensations according to the NSC questionnaire, the severity of neurological deficit in the legs according to the NIS-LL scale and neuropathic pain syndrome according to the NTSS-9 scale.

Results and discussion. In the group of patients with T2DM, severe CAN was detected in 13.3% of patients, moderate – in 40%. In the group of patients with MetS, severe CAN was detected in 10% of patients, moderate – also in 10%. In the control group, signs of moderate CAN were detected only in 3.3% of patients. The results of pulse oximetry tests with deep breathing were comparable to the QAT results (p<0.001). Conclusion. Pulse oximetry can be used to diagnose CAN.
Post-COVID pain syndrome: a review of international observations
Authors: Shavlovskaya O. A. , Bokova I. A. , Shavlovskiy N. I.
Published: April 2022

The novel coronavirus infection is commonly referred to as COVID-19, sometimes by the name of the causative agent of a respiratory viral infection, as SARS-CoV-2. Frequently, the course of COVID-19 is divided into three main periods: acute COVID-19 (up to 4 weeks), post-acute COVID-19 (from 4 to 12 weeks), post-COVID (post-COVID; from 12 weeks to 6 months). If a more protracted course of COVID (over 6 months) is discussed, the term “long-COVID” is used. All observations demonstrated a high incidence of pain syndromes of various localization in the post-COVID period and long-COVID. According to survey data, 92.3% of patients with COVID-19 reported musculoskeletal problems at the time of admission. Pain syndrome is observed in 56.3% of cases 1 month after hospitalization. Three months after COVID-19, myalgia was observed in 40.55% of cases, joint pain in 39.18%, back pain in 31.62%, and lower back pain in 24.74%. After 6 months, joint pain continues to be observed in 18.59% of patients, myalgia – in 15.09%, back pain – in 14.39%, lower back pain – in 11.23%. In 50.8% of cases, patients reported new-onset pain, of which 38.5% had pain of moderate severity (≥3 points on the visual analog scale). Patients with new-onset pain during COVID had worse quality of life indicators and a negative correlation with the pain syndrome severity, which significantly hampered recovery. Data from a meta-analysis that included 47,910 patients with long-COVID and with a protracted course of COVID indicate that 19% of them had pain in the joints of various localization. The direct cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 and the systemic immune inflammation that occurs in response to infection cause damage to the joint tissue. According to the Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with the Consequences of COVID-19, it is recommended to use slow acting structure-modifying drugs – SYSADOA – in the pharmacological treatment regimen for patients with osteoarthritis, among which parenteral forms of pharmaceutically standardized drugs – chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) are preferred. GS and CS are inhibitors of the signaling cascade of the nuclear factor NF-κB, which is involved in the realization of biological effects of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α), the excessive activity of which is associated with the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
How can STEM disciplines support political engagement? Examining student characteristics and college experiences
Authors: Ro Hyun Kyoung , Fernandez Frank , Bergom Inger
Published: April 2022

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educators have a unique opportunity to prepare voters who are knowledgeable about science-related policy issues that inevitably become election issues (Rudolph & Horibe, 2016). A substantial body of higher education literature indicates that college students learn civic values and commit to civic engagement through their curricular and co-curricular experiences (Bowman, 2011; Hurtado et al., 2012). Within STEM education, in particular, we study whether, and to what extent, students’ curricular, co-curricular, and classroom experiences—as well as background characteristics—relate to political engagement. We analyze data from the 2017 Student Experience in the Research University survey, using self-reported measures of voting in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and self-assessed political efficacy for 5,838 STEM students at six research universities. We use regression analyses to examine relationships among curricular, co-curricular, and classroom experiences with STEM undergraduates’ political engagement. Instead of simply examining whether STEM majors are less politically engaged than their non-STEM peers, our analyses and results provide insights about how STEM academic departments and faculty members can support students’ political engagement. We offer implications for education policy and practice for supporting STEM students’ political engagement through undergraduate experiences.
The Discourse of Covids-19 Pandemic Policies in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhayati Dr. , Suwarno Peter
Published: April 2022

Since covid-19 has become pandemic, an abundance of coronavirus news fills the mass media throughout the world. The pandemic is constructed verbally from various perspectives for many purposes. In Indonesia, the discourse of the pandemic is not only about the disease, but also about other social issues related to the pandemic. Through certain discourses, the text producers may present various meanings. This study purposes to uncover social meanings presented in the discourses constructed by the mass media regarding the Indonesian government policies to cut the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a critical discourse analysis approach, the researchers analyze clauses containing three terms: Isolasi Mandiri, PSBB, and local lockdown from 28 downloaded texts. The focus of analysis is on the selection of lexico-grammar used to represent the policies to cut the chain of the pandemic. The result shows that there are three patterns in positioning participants regarding who has to take the responsibility for the implementation of the policies. The discourse about Isolasi Mandiri position residents as a party who has to be responsible and the government was positioned as the controller. The discourse of PSBB has positioned the government as a party that conducts and controls the implementation of the policies. The discourse of local lockdown represented that the policy was only as planning urged by the NGO and has not been conducted by the government. The context influencing the discourse is the socio-economic context. The discourses also show that the way media represented the policies is in line with the government agenda.
Geometric characterisation of subvarieties of 𝓔6(𝕂) related to the ternions and sextonions
Authors: De Schepper Anneleen
Published: April 2022

The main achievement of this paper is a geometric characterisation of certain subvarieties of the Cartan variety 𝓔6(𝕂) over an arbitrary field 𝕂. The characterised varieties arise as Veronese representations of certain ring projective planes over quadratic subalgebras of the split octonions 𝕆’ over 𝕂 (among which the sextonions, a 6-dimensional non-associative algebra). We describe how these varieties are linked to the Freudenthal–Tits magic square, and discuss how they would even fit in, when also allowing the sextonions and other “degenerate composition algebras” as the algebras used to construct the square.
Segmentation of Social Norms and Emergence of Social Conflicts Through COVID-19 Laws
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki
Published: April 2022

In the name of combating COVID-19, many countries have enacted laws that restrict citizens’ freedom of movement and freedom to operate businesses. These laws attempt to use the expressive effects of law and legal sanctions to make people conform to legal norms different from pre-existing social norms. The economic theory of law and social norms predicts that when legal norms deviate significantly from social norms, they can cause people to protest or violate them, leading to a division of social norms and possible social conflicts not only between the state and its citizens but also among people with different beliefs. Using Japan’s COVID-19 laws as a case study, this paper examines under what conditions laws that aim to change social norms can fail and what the side effects are in such cases.
Hyperbolic secant varieties of M-curves
Authors: Kummer Mario , Sinn Rainer
Published: April 2022

We relate the geometry of curves to the notion of hyperbolicity in real algebraic geometry. A hyperbolic variety is a real algebraic variety that (in particular) admits a real fibered morphism to a projective space whose dimension is equal to the dimension of the variety. We study hyperbolic varieties with a special interest in the case of hypersurfaces that admit a real algebraic ruling. The central part of the paper is concerned with secant varieties of real algebraic curves where the real locus has the maximal number of connected components, which is determined by the genus of the curve. For elliptic normal curves, we further obtain definite symmetric determinantal representations for the hyperbolic secant hypersurfaces, which implies the existence of symmetric Ulrich sheaves of rank one on these hypersurfaces. We also use this to derive better bounds on the size of semidefinite representations for convex hulls of real algebraic curves of genus 1.
3D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling using an edge-based finite element method with a block Krylov iterative solver
Authors: Chen Hanbo , Xiong Bin , Yang Yang , Han Yu , Cheng Ziyu
Published: April 2022

An edge-based finite element method for the numerical modeling of electromagnetic fields in complex media is presented. We used the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous half space to develop a source correct factor to reduce the influence of source singularity and boundary conditions on the numerical accuracy, so that we can minimize the time required to construct the field source term in the scattered field formula. The modeling domain was discretized using an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. We transformed the complex equations of the electrical field into two real-valued equations by decomposing the field into real and imaginary components. Thereafter, we adopted a block conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient (BL_COCR) iterative solver with an incomplete LU decomposition preconditioner, which was robust for ill-conditioned systems and efficient for multiple source electromagnetic modeling to solve the real-valued equation systems. Using the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous layer model, we evaluated the accuracy of our numerical forward solution and the results showed that the source correct factor can reduce forward modeling errors associated with boundary effects and source singularities. We also applied the developed algorithm to compute the CSEM responses for typical 3D marine geo-electric models with different number of sources and compared with different iterative solvers, and the results showed that the BL_COCR solver has high computational efficiency when solving multiple right-hand term problems.
A study on lipoprotein-a and PAI-1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Shah Ashok Kumar , Yadav Birendra Kumar , Suri Arpita , Shah Amrendra Kumar
Published: April 2022

Objectives

PCOS is the most common endocrinological disorder amongst women of reproductive age. The consequences of PCOS extend beyond the reproductive axis and may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome leading to a high risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a more comprehensive evaluation of biochemical markers that reflect the cardiovascular risk is required for further understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis and management.

Methods

In this case-control study, women diagnosed with PCOS (n=100) in the age group (18–35 years) years were taken as cases and age matched healthy controls (n=100) were enrolled. Estimations of fasting plasma Glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were assayed while Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated by using Fredrickson Friedwald’s formula. Serum Lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) was estimated using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The quantitative data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare the values (PCOS vs Controls) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to elucidate the relationship between the variables.

Results

FBS and all lipid parameters were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. On the other hand, HDL-C was significantly decreased as compared to the control subjects. The hormones TSH, LH, FSH, PRL and LH/FSH ratio were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to control subjects. Lipoprotein-a and PAI-1 was significantly increased in PCOS patients compared to the control subjects. Upon bivariate correlation analysis, Lp(a) had significant correlations with PAI-1 (r=0.35, p=0.000), WHR (r=0.25, p=0.000), LDL (r=0.52, p=0.000) and TSH (r=0.24, p=0.000). While the correlations with FBS (r=−0.008, p=0.91) and LH/FSH ratio (r=−0.004, p=0.95) were statistically insignificant.

Conclusions

The evaluation of serum biomarkers such as Lp-a, PAI-1 and lipid profile routinely in PCOS patients may have diagnostic role in the early detection of metabolic abnormalities and endocrine derangements and timely management of comorbid Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease in PCOS females.
Humor in Supreme Court oral arguments
Authors: Urbatsch R.
Published: April 2022

Humor in political communication can risk trivializing important issues or otherwise backfire. Still, comedy’s potential rhetorical power ensures its frequent use as a communication and persuasion strategy. This is true even in the Supreme Court of the United States, where oral-argument humor offers a window on thinking and communication strategies as justices deliberate and weigh contending arguments. Judicial humor at the Court may be likelier when participants are cognitively fresh, or when the case at issue focuses less on a specific person’s life or liberty. Reviewing outbursts of laughter in the Court’s oral arguments between the seating of Justice Kagan and the death of Justice Scalia confirms that cases argued later in the day and relating to individuals’ civil rights see less humor. Within cases, humor arises less frequently during the argument that prevails in the Court’s eventual judgment.
Comparison of POCT glucose meters and analysis of the interference factor
Authors: Wang Qian , Du Jin , Chen Lin , Du Yu-di , Luo Wei
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Not many reports have covered large-scale point of care testing (POCT) blood glucose comparisons, and many interfering factors affect detection. This study aims to verify the performance of POCT blood glucose meters and discusses the factors that interfere with detection.

Methods

Accuracy and precision verification in five glucose concentration groups-high 1 (H1), High 2 (H2), medium 1 (M1), medium 2 (M2), and low (L); comparison of different test methods and specimens; and also the influence of iodophor was investigated in a dilution experiment.

Results

A total of 58 out of 64 Accu-Chek Inform II POCT blood glucose meters (ACI II) qualified for testing. A proportional significant difference in the relative bias was observed with the POCT instruments in the intermediate and high glucose concentration groups (H=15.364, p=0.02). There were significant differences among the five groups with compliance rates (χ
2=21.03, p=0.00); Group L showed higher values than groups H1 and H2. The precision verification met the requirements issued by the Consensus. Significant differences were found between the three detection methods. The measurement of the Glucose Oxidase Method (Cobas B 123) was lower than that of the HITACHI Plasma Hexokinase Method and the Glucose Dehydrogenase Method on the ACI II (p=0.005 and 0.003) in the preliminary study. No differences were seen among the three types of specimens (p>0.05). The glucose results were incorrect in the presence of iodophor interference.

Conclusions

The ACI II and Cobas B123 (with a slightly negative bias) provide sufficiently accurate measurements, and all types of blood specimens can be applied. Iodophor, a disinfectant, interferes with glucose measurement.
On Hahn-Banach theorem and some of its applications
Authors: Olteanu Octav
Published: April 2022

First, this work provides an overview of some of the Hahn-Banach type theorems. Of note, some of these extension results for linear operators found recent applications to isotonicity of convex operators on a convex cone. Next, the work investigates applications of the Krein-Milman theorem to representation theory and elements of Choquet theory. A sandwich theorem of intercalating an affine function

h

h

between

f

f

and

g
,

g,

where

f

f\hspace{.25em}

and

–
g

\mbox{--}g

are convex,

f
≤
g

f\le g

on a finite-simplicial set, is recalled. Its recent topological version is also noted. Here, the novelty is that a finite-simplicial set may be unbounded in any locally convex topology on the domain space. Third, the paper summarizes and comments on recently published applications of a Hahn-Banach extension result for positive linear operators, combined with polynomial approximation on unbounded subsets, to the Markov moment problem. Some applications to concrete spaces are detailed as well. Finally, this work provides a characterization of a finite-dimensional convex bounded subset in terms of the property that any convex function defined on that subset is bounded below. This last property remains valid for a large class of convex operators.
The crystal structure of (4-fluorophenyl)(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)methanol, C12H11FO3
Authors: Gao Yanrong , Ran Hui , Tang Wenqiang
Published: April 2022

C12H11FO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.0648(9) Å, b = 8.3896(5) Å, c = 10.5727(9) Å, β = 104.204(8)°, V = 1037.44(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0614, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1516, T = 293 K.
Profile Photos’ Impact in Online Reviews: The Effect of Cultural Differences
Authors: Broeder Peter
Published: April 2022

In the context of the continuous expansion of e-commerce worldwide, online consumer reviews have become the most accessible and influential form of electronic worth-of-mouth available to everyone on the internet. This raises a challenge for companies with local as well as global customers. It is germane to know whether there are cultural differences reflected in online reviews, as consumers from distinctively different cultures might trust the evaluation of the same product or service differently. In the present study, Dutch and Japanese individuals (N = 166) were presented with two variations of an online excursion review on a holiday booking website. The review with a profile photo of the reviewer was perceived as more realistic. However, this did not directly influence consumers’ booking intention. Meanwhile, the degree of trust in the review affected the inclination to book the excursion. Some cultural differences were found. The Dutch group reported higher booking intentions and trust than the Japanese group, both with the photo-absent review as well as the photo-present review. The implications of these findings contribute to a better understanding of cultural specifics and global universals in e-commerce, enabling the development of more effective online marketing communications.
Lifting the pen and the gaze: embodied recruitment in collaborative writing
Authors: Mlynář Jakub
Published: April 2022

This article investigates sequences of collaborative writing that are part of classroom interaction in student dyads and triads working with a digital device and a paper worksheet. In analyzing instances from a corpus of 18 h of video recordings made in five high-school classrooms through an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, I focus on two embodied practices which do the work of recruiting assistance during the course of inscribing: lifting the pen and lifting the gaze. These practices are viewed as ordinary digressions from the basic posture of the writing body. I demonstrate that lifting the pen as a recruitment practice can be done as a brief stopping of the pen in its movement, as wrist rotation, or as hand elevation. Lifting the gaze can have varying temporal properties and occur synchronously with hand-on-face gestures. I conclude that collaborative writing underlines the indeterminacy of bodily practices as either recruitments, requests or contributions to joint courses of action. I also suggest that the identified practices may be further investigated as components of the specific speech-exchange system inherent to the activity of writing together.