bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight self-perception in adolescents: evidence from a population-based study
Authors: San Martini Mariana Contiero , de Assumpção Daniela , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Barros Filho Antônio de Azevedo , Mattei Josiemer
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To evaluate weight misperception among adolescents and determine associations between self-perceived weight and socio-demographic characteristics, BMI, screen time, self-rated food quantity and diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods.

Design:

A cross-sectional, two-stage, probabilistic population-based study was conducted in Campinas, Brazil. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to estimate weight self-perception.

Setting:

Data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp) and Campinas Food Consumption Survey (ISACamp-Nutri).

Participants:

A total of 911 adolescents aged 10–19 years.

Results:

Nearly half (47·7 %) of the adolescents with overweight/obesity did not evaluate their weight properly. Weight self-perception as thin and excess weight was associated with the female gender, overweight/obesity, self-rated diet quality as poor/very poor and eating snacks ≥3 times/week. Adolescents who did not consume breakfast daily were less likely to perceive themselves as thin. Adolescents who ate excessively were more likely and those who consumed cookies/crackers ≥3 times/week were less likely to perceive themselves as having excess weight.

Conclusions:

Greater weight misperception was found in overweight/obese adolescents. Gender, BMI, self-rated food quantity/diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and some unhealthy foods were associated with self-perceived weight. The present findings could contribute to health promotion strategies targeting adolescents.
ON FUNDAMENTAL FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF SIEGEL MODULAR FORMS
Authors: Böcherer Siegfried , Das Soumya
Published: March 2021

We prove that if F is a nonzero (possibly noncuspidal) vector-valued Siegel modular form of any degree, then it has infinitely many nonzero Fourier coefficients which are indexed by half-integral matrices having odd, square-free (and thus fundamental) discriminant. The proof uses an induction argument in the setting of vector-valued modular forms. Further, as an application of a variant of our result and complementing the work of A. Pollack, we show how to obtain an unconditional proof of the functional equation of the spinor L-function of a holomorphic cuspidal Siegel eigenform of degree
$3$
and level
$1$
.
Characterizing Mean and Extreme Diurnal Variability of Ocean CO2 System Variables Across Marine Environments
Authors: Torres Olivier , Kwiatkowski Lester , Sutton Adrienne J. , Dorey Narimane , Orr James C.
Published: March 2021

Diurnal variability of ocean CO2 system variables is poorly constrained. Here, this variability and its drivers are assessed using 3‐h observations collected over 8–140 months at 37 stations located in diverse marine environments. Extreme diurnal variability, that is, when the daily amplitude exceeds the 99th percentile of diurnal variability, is comparable in magnitude to the seasonal amplitude and can surpass projected changes in mean states of pCO2 and [H+] over the twenty‐first century. At coastal sites and near coral reefs, extremes in diurnal amplitudes reach 187 ± 85 and 149 ± 106 μatm for pCO2, 0.21 ± 0.08 and 0.11 ± 0.07 for pH, and 1.2 ± 0.5 and 0.8 ± 0.4 for Ωarag, respectively. Extreme diurnal variability is weaker in the open ocean, but still reaches 47 ± 18 μatm for pCO2, 0.04 ± 0.01 for pH, and 0.25 ± 0.11 for Ωarag. Diurnal variability of the ocean CO2 system is considerable and likely to respond to increasing CO2. Therefore, it should be represented in Earth system models.
Introducing the new Editor in Chief of JAMES
Authors: Griffies Stephen
Published: March 2021

Find out about the person taking the helm of AGU’s dedicated earth system modeling journal, JAMES, and his vision for the coming years.
Phosphatase PP2A enhances MCL-1 protein half-life in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Slomp Anne , Moesbergen Laura M. , Eldering Eric , Kersten Marie José , Minnema Monique C. , Peperzak Victor
Published: March 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM), a treatable but incurable malignancy, is characterized by the growth of clonal plasma cells in protective niches in the bone marrow. MM cells depend on expression of BCL-2 family proteins, in particular MCL-1, for survival. The regulation of MCL-1 is complex and cell type-dependent. Unraveling the exact mechanism by which MCL-1 is overexpressed in MM may provide new therapeutic strategies for inhibition in malignant cells, preferably limiting side effects in healthy cells. In this study, we reveal that one cause of overexpression could be stabilization of the MCL-1 protein. We demonstrate this in a subset of MM and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and MM patient samples. We applied a phosphatase siRNA screen to identify phosphatases responsible for MCL-1 stabilization in MM, and revealed PP2A as the MCL-1 stabilizing phosphatase. Using the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid, we validated that PP2A dephosphorylates MCL-1 at Ser159 and/or Thr163, and thereby stabilizes MCL-1 in MM cells with long MCL-1 half-life, but not in DLBCL cells. Combined kinase and phosphatase inhibition experiments suggest that the MCL-1 half-life in MM is regulated by the counteracting functions of JNK and PP2A. These findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms by which MCL-1 is post-translationally regulated, which may provide novel strategies to inhibit MCL-1 in MM cells.
The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in China
Authors: Chang Le , Hou Wangheng , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yali , Wang Yanbin , Wu Linfeng , Xu Tingting , Wang Lilin , Wang Juan , Ma Jian , Wang Lan , Zhao Junpeng , Xu Jing , Dong Juan , Yan Ying , Yang Ru , Li Yu , Guo Fei , Cheng Wenjuan , Su Yingying , Zeng Jinfeng , Han Wei , Cheng Tong , Zhang Jun , Yuan Quan , Xia Ningshao , Wang Lunan
Published: March 2021

In this study, we investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in the cities of Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shijiazhuang in China. From January to April 2020, 38,144 healthy blood donors in the three cities were tested for total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 followed by pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, IgG, and IgM antibody testing. Finally, a total of 398 donors were confirmed positive. The age- and sex-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 18–60 year-old adults (18–65 year-old in Shenzhen) was 2.66% (95% CI: 2.24%–3.07%) in Wuhan, 0.033% (95% CI: 0.0029%–0.267%) in Shenzhen, and 0.0028% (95% CI: 0.0001%–0.158%) in Shijiazhuang, respectively. Female sex and older-age were identified to be independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among blood donors in Wuhan. As most of the population of China remained uninfected during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective public health measures are still certainly required to block viral spread before a vaccine is widely available.
Glycan chip based on structure-switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans
Authors: Heo Hye Ryoung , Joo Kye Il , Seo Jeong Hyun , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: March 2021

On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a glycan chip is developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations are optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrate the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
N4BP1 negatively regulates NF-κB by binding and inhibiting NEMO oligomerization
Authors: Shi Hexin , Sun Lei , Wang Ying , Liu Aijie , Zhan Xiaoming , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Anderton Priscilla , Hildebrand Sara , Quan Jiexia , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce
Published: March 2021

Many immune responses depend upon activation of NF-κB, an important transcription factor in the elicitation of a cytokine response. Here we show that N4BP1 inhibits TLR-dependent activation of NF-κB by interacting with the NF-κB signaling essential modulator (NEMO, also known as IκB kinase γ) to attenuate NEMO–NEMO dimerization or oligomerization. The UBA-like (ubiquitin associated-like) and CUE-like (ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation-like) domains in N4BP1 mediate interaction with the NEMO COZI domain. Both in vitro and in mice, N4bp1 deficiency specifically enhances TRIF-independent (TLR2, TLR7, or TLR9-mediated) but not TRIF-dependent (TLR3 or TLR4-mediated) NF-κB activation, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In response to TLR4 or TLR3 activation, TRIF causes activation of caspase-8, which cleaves N4BP1 distal to residues D424 and D490 and abolishes its inhibitory effect. N4bp1−/− mice also have diminished numbers of T cells in the peripheral blood. Our work identifies N4BP1 as an inhibitory checkpoint protein that must be overcome to activate NF-κB, and a TRIF-initiated caspase-8-dependent mechanism by which this is accomplished.
Long-term ocean acidification trends in coastal waters around Japan
Authors: Ishida Hiroshi , Isono Ryosuke S. , Kita Jun , Watanabe Yutaka W.
Published: March 2021

This study examines long-term ocean pH data to evaluate ocean acidification (OA) trends at two coastal research institutions located on the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean. These laboratories are located away from the influences of large rivers and major industrial activity. Measurements were performed daily for the past 30 years (1980s–2010s). The average annual ocean pH for both sites showed generally negative trends. These trends were – 0.0032 and – 0.0068 year–1(p < 0.001) at the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean sites, respectively. The trends were superimposed onto approximately 10-year oscillations, which appear to synchronize with the ocean current periodicity. At the Sea of Japan site, the ocean pH in the summer was higher, and the rate of OA was higher than during other seasons. Our results suggest that seasonality and ocean currents influence OA in the coastal areas of open oceans and can affect the coastal regions of marginal seas.
Hydroxyl-group-activated azomethine ylides in organocatalytic H-bond-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and beyond
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Bojanowski Jan , Albrecht Anna , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: March 2021

The recent progress in organocatalytic H-bond-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions is described.
Troubleshooting unstable molecules in chemical space
Authors: Senthil Salini , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan
Published: March 2021

A high-throughput workflow for connectivity preserving geometry optimization minimizes unintended structural rearrangements during quantum chemistry big data generation.
Near-surface rheology and hydrodynamic boundary condition of semi-dilute polymer solutions
Authors: Guyard Gabriel , Vilquin Alexandre , Sanson Nicolas , Jouenne Stéphane , Restagno Frédéric , McGraw Joshua D.
Published: March 2021

Using evanescent wave microscopy to study near-surface, semi-dilute polymer solution flows provides simultaneous access to the mechanical behaviour of the liquid and the boundary condition at the interfaces. Our results highlight the importance of electrostatic interactions between the polymers and the bounding wall.
A bio-inspired mononuclear manganese catalyst for high-rate electrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Yang Jie , He Shuanglin , Wu Qianqian , Zhang Ping , Chen Lin , Huang Fang , Li Fei
Published: March 2021

A bio-inspired manganese molecular catalyst featuring an intramolecular aniline as a proton relay was synthesized and used for hydrogen production. Electrochemical measurements with this complex show excellent activity (turnover frequency over 104 s−1).
The copper-catalyzed selective monoalkylation of active methylene compounds with alkylsilyl peroxides
Authors: Lv Jiamin , Xu Weiping , Lu Hanbin , Kato Terumasa , Liu Yan , Maruoka Keiji
Published: March 2021

A novel method for a mild copper-catalyzed selective monoalkylation of active methylene compounds with various alkylsilyl peroxides has been developed.
Construction of bridged polycycles through dearomatization strategies
Authors: Zhang Ziying , Han Huabin , Wang Lele , Bu Zhanwei , Xie Yan , Wang Qilin
Published: March 2021

This review summarizes the-state-of-the-art advances of dearomatization strategies in the application of bridged ring formation.
An organophosphorus-mediated cross-Rauhut–Currier/Wittig domino reaction for the efficient synthesis of trisubstituted cyclopentenes
Authors: Li Ya-Qiong , Xu Guo-Dong , Huang Zhi-Zhen
Published: March 2021

An organophosphorus-mediated cross-Rauhut–Currier/Wittig domino reaction of vinyl ketones with chalcones has been developed for the efficient synthesis of trisubstituted cyclopentenes.
Translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of gold nanorods functionalized with a high molecular weight, thermoresponsive ligand: a depolarized dynamic light scattering study
Authors: Feller Déborah , Otten Marius , Hildebrandt Marco , Krüsmann Marcel , Bryant Gary , Karg Matthias
Published: March 2021

Collapse of high molecular weight, thermoresponsive polymer ligands on gold nanorods increases the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients due to an increase in aspect ratio and thus particles become less ellipsoidal.
Optimisation of micro W-bending process parameters using I-optimal design-based response surface methodology
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Han Xiao , Zhao Shiping , Qin Yi , Wan-Nawang Wan-Adlan , Yang Tianen
Published: March 2021

There is an increasingly recognised requirement for high dimensional accuracy in micro-bent parts. Springback has an important influence on dimensional accuracy and it is significantly influenced by various process parameters. In order to optimise process parameters and improve dimensional accuracy, an approach to quantify the influence of these parameters is proposed in this study. Experiments were conducted on a micro W-bending process by using an I-optimal design method, breaking through the limitations of the traditional methods of design of experiment (DOE). The mathematical model was established by response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis indicated that the developed model was adequate to describe the relationship between process parameters and springback. It was also revealed that the foil thickness was the most significant parameter affecting the springback. Moreover, the foil thickness and grain size not only affected the dimensional accuracy, but also had noteworthy influence on the springback behaviour in the micro W-bending process. By applying the proposed model, the optimum process parameters to minimize springback and improve the dimensional accuracy were obtained. It is evident from this study that the I-optimal design-based RSM is a promising method for parameter optimisation and dimensional accuracy improvement in the micro-bending process.
Medial Extension of Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma from the Anterior Clinoid Line: Does It Truly Affect the Surgical Outcome?
Authors: Arab Ala , Hawsawi Aysha , Bafaquh Mohammed , Orz Yasser , AlYamany Mahmoud , Alobaid Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Background Medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (MSWMs) account for approximately 20% of all meningiomas that are known for their critical relation to neurovasculture structures.

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the maximum diameter of the MSWM medial to the anterior clinoidal line (AC line) and surgical outcome.

Methods This is a retrospective cohort study investigating all surgically resected MSWM cases at our institution over 10 years. The patients were divided into groups A and B based on the average ratio between the maximum medial extension of the MSWM from the AC line to the maximum diameter of the tumor, that is, value I = 0.42 (group A ≤ 0.42 and group B > 0.42). And into groups C and D based on the average medial extension of the tumor, that is, 14 mm (group C ≤ and D group D > 14 mm). These measurements were correlated with patients' demographics, preoperative symptoms, and postoperative assessment.

Results Among 150 patients, 51patients had MSWM that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them, 76.47% were females with a median age of 48 years (standard deviation [SD] = 47.75 ± 15.11). Also, 92% of the cases were World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. The follow-up period was 0.5 to 10 years. Among them, 40% of group C had gross total resection (GTR), whereas 43% in group D. In group B, 70% had GTR, whereas 48% had GTR in group A. None of the patients developed statistically significant postoperative complications. There is no statistically significant difference in the risk complication with medial extension in all groups.

Conclusion The degree of medial extension of MSWM from the AC line has no statistically significant correlation with major postoperative complications, extent of resection, or clinical outcome.
Primary Dural Repair via an Endoscopic Endonasal Corridor: Preliminary Development of a 3D-Printed Model for Training
Authors: Nebor Ivanna , Hussein Ahmed E. , Montemagno Kora , Fumagalli Rebecca , Labiad Ikrame , Xu Alice , Anderson Zoe , Patil Yash , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Forbes Jonathan A.
Published: March 2021

Objectives Endonasal suturing is an investigational method for dural repair that has been reported to decrease the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This method requires handling of single-shaft instrumentation in the narrow endonasal corridor. In this study, we designed a low-cost, surgical model using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to simulate dural repair through the endonasal corridor and subsequently assess the utility of the model for surgical training.

Methods Using an Ultimaker 2+ printer, a 3D-printed replica of the cranial base and nasal cavity was fitted with tissue allograft to recapitulate the dural layer. Residents, fellows, and attending surgeons were asked to place two sutures using a 0-degree endoscope and single-shaft needle driver. Task completion time was recorded. Participants were asked to fill out a Likert scale questionnaire after the experiment.

Results Twenty-six participants were separated into groups based on their prior endoscope experience: novice, intermediate, and expert. Twenty-one (95.5%) residents and fellows rated the model as “excellent” or “good” in enhancing their technical skills with endoscopic instrumentation. Three of four (75%) of attendings felt that the model was “excellent” or “good” in usefulness for training in dural suturing. Novice participants required an average of 11 minutes for task completion, as compared with 8.7 minutes for intermediates and 5.7 minutes for experts.

Conclusion The proposed model appears to be highly effective in enhancing the endoscopic skills and recapitulating the task of dural repair. Such a low-cost model may be especially important in enhancing endoscopic facility in countries/regions with limited access to cadaveric specimens.
Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma
Authors: Seol Young , Dweck Monica
Published: March 2021

Eyelid trauma occurs across a broad spectrum of pathology, ranging from simple periorbital lacerations to severe, vision-threatening injuries requiring expert oculoplastic consultation. Any injury, no matter how benign, is also inherently cosmetically sensitive, further adding to the reconstructive challenge. In this review, we discuss the anatomy of the eyelid and develop an understanding of evaluating for signs of more serious, potentially occult, trauma. A framework is developed for approaching the patient with periorbital trauma to assess for injury and triage necessary treatments. Damage to the lacrimal drainage system, which can be particularly difficult to detect and repair, is specifically emphasized and explored.
Crystallographic defects strongly influence alloy’s magnetic properties
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: March 2021

A prominent candidate that could replace rare earth magnets is found to have twinning defects that affect its coercivity and energy density product.
Neurovascular niche review introduces bioengineers to neural stem cells
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2021

Biologists’ understanding of the neurovascular niche, an important area in brain science, could benefit from bioengineering contributions.
Global hydrodynamic instability and blowoff dynamics of a bluff-body stabilized lean-premixed flame
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Manikandan , Kushwaha Abhijit , Guan Yu , Feng Jianchang , Liu Peijin , Gupta Vikrant , Li Larry K. B.
Published: March 2021

We experimentally study the hydrodynamic instability of a lean-premixed flame stabilized behind a circular cylinder. On reducing the equivalence ratio (ϕ) at a fixed Reynolds number (ReD), we find that the flame transitions from a steady mode to a varicose mode and then to a sinuous mode. By examining time-resolved CH* chemiluminescence images and analyzing how the Strouhal number scales with ReD, we determine that the varicose mode is convectively unstable, maintained by the amplification of disturbances in the turbulent base flow, whereas the sinuous mode is globally unstable as a result of the constructive interaction between the two diametrically opposite shear layers (Bénard–von Kármán instability). We attribute the emergence of the sinuous global mode to the flame moving sufficiently far downstream with decreasing ϕ that it is out of the wavemaker region. Finally, we investigate the lean blowoff dynamics and find that local flame pinch-off, which occurs at the end of the recirculation zone, is a reliable precursor of global flame blowoff.
Time-averaging and temporal-filtering in wall-modeled large eddy simulation
Authors: Hosseinzade H. , Bergstrom D. J.
Published: March 2021

A turbulent channel flow at a Reynolds number of Reτ=2000 is solved based on the spatially filtered Navier–Stokes equations using large eddy simulation and an in-house code. A nonequilibrium wall model is implemented to predict the flow in the wall layer based on the Reynolds-averaged approach. To mitigate the log-layer mismatch, which is often encountered in wall modeling, two temporal schemes are introduced to average the wall layer solution and to filter the flow information input to the wall layer. It is found that the time periods used for the time-averaging and temporal-filtering schemes affect the performance of the wall model. The results show that shorter time periods enable the wall model to respond to the flow structures in the outer layer and correctly predict the friction velocity. However, the prediction of the friction velocity also depends on the location of the matching point. Locating the matching point further from the wall results in better performance due to the compatibility of the subgrid scale model with the grid resolution further from the wall. The temporal-filtering scheme is used to remove nonessential high-frequency wavelengths that can disturb the functionality of wall modeling. Various combinations of the time-averaging and temporal-filtering time periods are investigated for different locations of the matching point. Overall, it is concluded that using a shorter period for time-averaging and a temporal-filtering period comparable to the turbulent diffusion timescale leads to improved results.
Risk factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV patients in Manila, Philippines: a baseline cross-sectional analysis of the Philippines Connect for Life Study
Authors: O'Connor Cara , Leyritana Katerina , Calica Kris , Gill Randeep , Doyle Aoife M. , Lewis James J. , Salvaña Edsel Maurice
Published: March 2021

Background
The Philippines HIV epidemic is one of the fastest growing, globally. Infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) are rising at an alarming rate, necessitating targeted evidence-based interventions to reach epidemic control. Treatment as prevention is a key strategy to end AIDS, making it a priority to explore novel approaches to retain people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care, support adherence, and reach viral suppression. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis describes HIV-related risk behaviours and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a population of HIV-positive patients at a clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines participating in the Philippines Connect for LifeTM cohort study. Results: Among 426 HIV-positive adults taking ART, 79% reported ≥95% adherence over the prior 30 days. Longer time on treatment was associated with reduced adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.87 per year, P = 0.027). Being in a serodiscordant relationship, in which the subject’s primary partner was HIV negative, increased adherence (AOR = 3.19, P = 0.006). Inconsistent condom use (AOR = 0.50, P = 0.103) and injection drug use (AOR = 0.54, P = 0.090) are potentially associated with reduced adherence to ART. Patients used drugs and alcohol at significantly higher rates than the general population.? Conclusions: The study found that patients in this setting require intervention to address treatment fatigue. Interventions to improve social support of PLHIV, as well as harm-reduction approaches for drug and alcohol use, could improve adherence in this population, strengthening the test-and-treat strategy to control the epidemic.
Invasive alien species in changing marine Arctic economies and ecosystems
Authors: Kaiser Brooks A. , Kourantidou Melina
Published: March 2021

The rate of change in Arctic marine environments in response to shifts driven by climate change threatens Arctic resilience. The growing recognition and visibility of these changes have scientific and social roots. Mitigating these consequences is therefore a social-scientific concern. Multiple scales, perspectives, and governance systems for Arctic marine environments, alongside receding climate and economic barriers to species movements and scientific research, create challenges and opportunities that differ in magnitude and breadth from marine invasions elsewhere. The receding barriers in the marine Arctic amplify the potential ecological and economic consequences from new species introductions and range expansions from adjacent biomes. While there is consensus that marine invasive species can cause severe damages to ecosystems and resource-dependent communities, which species pose what threats, and to whom, remain complex dynamic socioecological and biogeophysical economic questions. Decisions over prevention, detection, and monitoring along with institutional frameworks for cooperating and responding to threats also affect the expected severity of impacts. Technologies, and costs, for identifying and monitoring species compositions and risks are evolving, with novel research advances as well as increasingly sophisticated ecological-economic, environmental niche, and habitat suitability models. Despite advances in understanding drivers and dynamics of new species introductions, a dearth of baseline knowledge regarding Arctic marine invasions remains. Potential consequences extend beyond ecosystem changes and include legal, institutional, and social shifts. Studies on the red king and snow crab invasions in the Barents Sea from multiple disciplinary angles showcase complex social, economic, and ecological interconnections that are transforming communities and ecosystems.
Iceland – Fishing Traditions and Visitor Experience
Authors: Jackie Ellis
Published: March 2021

Fishing and fish processing are central to Iceland’s heritage and cultural identity, as well as its economic prosperity. However, a series of events, including the 2008 banking crash and the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption, saw this small island nation facing a calamitous financial position.

Information

Research undertaken by Jackie Ellis

© Jackie Ellis 2020
Long-term in vivo monitoring of gliotic sheathing of ultrathin entropic coated brain microprobes with fiber-based optical coherence tomography
Authors: Dryg Ian , Xie Yijing , Bergmann Michael , Urban Gerald , Shain William , Hofmann Ulrich G
Published: March 2021

Objective. Microfabricated neuroprosthetic devices have made possible important observations on neuron activity; however, long-term high-fidelity recording performance of these devices has yet to be realized. Tissue-device interactions appear to be a primary source of lost recording performance. The current state of the art for visualizing the tissue response surrounding brain implants in animals is immunohistochemistry + confocal microscopy, which is mainly performed after sacrificing the animal. Monitoring the tissue response as it develops could reveal important features of the response which may inform improvements in electrode design. Approach. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique commonly used in ophthalmology, has already been adapted for imaging of brain tissue. Here, we use OCT to achieve real-time, in vivo monitoring of the tissue response surrounding chronically implanted neural devices. The employed tissue-response-provoking implants are coated with a plasma-deposited nanofilm, which has been demonstrated as a biocompatible and anti-inflammatory interface for indwelling devices. We evaluate the method by comparing the OCT results to traditional histology qualitatively and quantitatively. Main results. The differences in OCT signal across the implantation period between the plasma group and the control reveal that the plasma-type coating of otherwise rigid brain probes (glass) only slightly improve the glial encapsulation in the brain parenchyma indicating that geometrical or mechanical influences are dominating the encapsulation process. Significance. Our approach can long-term monitor and compare the tissue-response to chronically-implanted neural probes with and withour plasma coating in living animal models. Our findings provide valuable insigh to the well acknowledged yet not solved challenge.
An Intelligent Approach for Predicting Emotion Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Das Sumit , Synyal Manas Kumar , Upadhyay Sourav Kumar , Chatterjee Supriyo
Published: March 2021

Emotions have started controlling not only the way as humans; interact with other living beings but also the way we interact with computers. Emotions have started controlling our every decision like going to a shop again, purchasing a particular product, helping a person, and many others. The developments in the field of artificial intelligence and computer vision have further attracted the attention of people to work in this area. In this work we have designed a real-time emotion recognition system that can recognize the emotions of a person from his facial expressions. The system uses machine learning techniques for performing the task and has been implemented using the python programming language. This system can have a lot of useful applications in real-life scenarios such as old age health monitoring, determining the comfort level of a patient during medical treatment, recognizing the emotions in patients suffering from neurological diseases, not dispensing the money from an ATM if the withdrawer is nervous, determining tiredness or sleepiness during driving and raising an alert, facial emotion detection in interviews, taking feedback of customers visiting a store and later using that for fine-tuning market strategies and many others. It believes this work will be very useful to critical heath care monitoring and management in this advance era of artificial intelligence.
Remote Patient Monitoring during pandemic caused by COVID-19 using Semantic Web Technologies
Authors: Pal Moumita , Ray Ranjana , Maji Prasenjit , Panja Antara
Published: March 2021

Data integration facilities along with decrease in the quantified operational health information occurs due to stuck in hospital admission. Exchanging of information resources has an immense significance due to 3 critical capabilities. These can be enlisted as information swap over through electronic connectivity, interoperability, and compromising under prescribed medication, in which automated systems are involved to solve pathological discrepancies. Along with all these concern about patient safety is taken care of by this startegy. The substantial awareness can be resulted in computational methods and tools which are quite capable for rendering guidance to health care services more resourcefully, which further leads the advancement and execution of intellectual systems within the therapeutic domain. Exchanging of data in the Web can be complies with Resource Description Framework (RDF) and ontology’s. RDF has the capability of capturing information content instead of considering the syntax. Inferential support and transformational approach is feasible by deploying RDF. Facilitation of data by evolution and merging phenomenon can be utilised by the involvement of RDF though schemas variation exists. Semantic interoperability is achieved either by applying standardisation or by translation. Though standardisation is quite acceptable but due to time annihilation transformation in lieu of modernisation is acceptable more. Strategically, realistic approach of semantic interoperability comprises both standards and translations. Conceptual classes, their interrelations, instances and axioms exist in Ontology.
AI Based Online Data Segregation Method under COVID Situation
Authors: Banerjee A. , Das M. , Ghosh A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based online data segregation and categorization method has been discussed which can be effective in the present COVID situation. In the field of education this method can be adopted because students’ interest based categorization for future scope of education can be easily justified by this method. AI has been implemented here to identify the category of the online data and based on that data can be clustered into few groups which can be effective for future analysis. The application has also been interfaced with microcontroller to get quick information about the candidates through LCD screen.
Face Detection based approach to combat with COVID-19
Authors: Biswas Suparna , Mazumdar Senjuti , Rana Sangeeta , Amreen Saba S.B. , Dhar Palasri , Chaudhuri Sayan Roy
Published: March 2021

The global problem at the moment is COVID-19 caused by corona-virus which led to the worldwide lockdown. However there are still people who are not taking proper precautions and maintaining social-distancing while going out for emergency situations. To ensure this the government is trying to monitor the actions of each and every citizen. It is not realistically possible to monitor the actions of each and every citizen. This problem can be possibly solved by the use of machine learning. In this paper we have presented face detection based technique to combat with COVID-19. At first this technique captures the image and detects the face using viola zones method. Then the detected face images are classified to detect the mask. It actually detects whether every person have used mask or not. If there present anyone without mask then the system starts alarm to inform it to the responsible authority and to alert the public. Here Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to extract the feature from the detected face images and for the detection of mask K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier has been used.
REAL-TIME COMPACT FACE-SHIELD WITH INTERNET OF BIOMEDICAL-THINGS
Authors: Ganguly K , Sikdar S , Bag S , Dey I , Sarkar S , Banerjee S , Barman H , Dey S
Published: March 2021

Presently we are seeing the age of digitalization and people are getting exposed to advanced informative resource with the advancement of Internet of Biomedical-Things. Laudable electronic devices with biomedical instrumentation have several real-time applications in current pandemic situation. Currently coronavirus-19 is posing a serious threat to human race, compelling it to fear the unforeseen circumstances. A very marked rise in the number of infected cases all over the world has crippled us with fear. Several researches have been conducted and numerous working devices have been made to protect people from COVID-19. In this work a compact real-time face shield has been developed using basic electronic sensor with Internet-of-Things application. This device prototype has three major functions. First, shield is equipped with an external wiper with alcohol based sanitizing liquid that sanitizes the shield glass after a particular time interval which can be operated manually by user also. Second, IR sensor is used to detect the distance between user and other people to enforce social distancing. Third, a temperature measuring system has been installed to alert users regarding abnormal body temperature of people approaching the user. The suggested cost effective, compact real-time face shield will efficiently protect individuals against COVID 19.
A review on application of ZnO nano particles as biosensors
Authors: Barman A. , Bhhattacharya S. , Majumder R.
Published: March 2021

Recently some of the metal nano composites are used in the semiconductor based electrical, electrochemical and optical bio-sensors. ZnO nano particles have drawn great interest due to its unique properties like low cost, wide range of band gap, biocompatible, easy to synthesize in different size and shapes and catalytic surface activity. The surface of the ZnO nano particles are perfect for immobilisation of bio molecules without hampering their biological activity. This property increase the sensitivity of bio-sensors. In this review we highlight the use of different ZnO nano particles in bio-sensors enhancing the efficiency of Bio-sensors.
Hatey Bazarey - A Novel Approach to Ensure Food Security In Lockdown Period Through An Android App
Authors: Das P , Das M , Shaw S , Saha J , Sarkar S , Malakar S , Das K , Sen S , Biswas P
Published: March 2021

The adverse effects of the Novel Corona Virus or COVID – 19 on countries like United States of America, Italy, and Spain depicts how fast this virus can spread due to our irresponsible living habits. Till date, social distancing is the only solution to prevent the communal outspread of this pandemic. Other than fighting Corona, Government’s primary concern is to ensure proper food security for every citizen through Public Distribution System. But crowd management at such Fair Price Shops is a hectic job for the administration. Hence in this paper, we look forward to discussing a unique method of Public Distribution with the help of an Android App, named Hatey Bazarey, specially designed for Ration Dealers. Through this method, we aim to provide home delivery service of the lower-priced items as well as to keep a detailed record of the distributed items in a digital platform.
Recent Developments and Future Scopes of Electrical Vehicles in Power Market on Covid-19 Pandemic situation
Authors: Pal Suparna , Dey Basudeb , Chattopadhyay Bartik , Samanta Sanjay , Roy Deb Sekhar , Roy Tirthankar Dutta , Chakraborty Suparna
Published: March 2021

The largest source of climate pollution in the world is transportation. To solve the climate crisis, we need to make the vehicles on our roads as clean as possible. We have only a decade left to change the way we use energy to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Emissions from cars and trucks are not only bad for our planet; they’re bad for our health. Air pollutants from gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles cause asthma, bronchitis, cancer, and premature death. The long-term health impacts of localized air pollution last a lifetime, with the effects borne out in asthma attacks, lung damage, and heart conditions. As the COVID-19 pandemic — a respiratory disease — continues to spread, a study by Harvard University found a striking association between long-term exposure to harmful fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality in the United States One of the primary causes of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) is combustion from gasoline and diesel car engines. So in this paper we are mainly focused on development of Electrical Vehicles and what are problems to implementation in India. We have discussed different types of Government policies and future scope policies which have been taken by government. From this paper researchers will get clear idea of future of Non Pollutant Vehicles. So this paper is very important in Covid-19 pandemic situations because we will safe and secure from these types of pandemic disease only if our environment will be free from air pollution which creates by conventional vehicles.
Effective Online Teaching Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sethi Purna Chandra , Behera Prafulla Kumar
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a dramatic change in our day to day life. It affected not only the normal working of many organizations but also the traditional classroom teaching and learning methodologies. Since everyone has to maintain social distancing to follow COVID-19 guidelines, work from home is being preferred as the best alternative as a preventive measure from spreading the pandemic. In its severe impact, schools, colleges, and universities were shut down, pushing nearly 1.2 billion students out of the classroom. As a result, the education system has to suddenly adapt to a distinctive online-based e-learning approach over digital platforms. Research tells that online learning motivated more towards the retention of online resources with less cost in terms of money and time. But, it has also brought many challenges along the way. In this research work, we focus on some of the major challenges such as information security and network bandwidth problem during online teaching. The related security measures being adopted in our research work to secure personal information during any online teaching and learning process. We also focus on some basic learning models for provisioning effective online-based teaching and learning.
Efficiency evaluation of sustainable energy development financing mechanism
Authors: Borovkova Vik A , Borovkova Val A
Published: March 2021

Transition to the sustainable energy development and modernization model requires adequate financing, and, consequently, generation of specific mechanisms, instruments, institutions, and sources of financing. All this predetermines the need to study methodological approaches to development and optimal implementation of financing mechanisms for sustainable energy development, and approaches to evaluation of their efficiency. This article clarifies the concept of the sustainable energy development financing mechanism (SEDFM), defines its specificities, proposes a system of indicators and methodology for efficiency evaluation of sustainable energy development financing mechanisms.
Vented air heat recovery in ventilation and conditioning systems based on solid sorbent
Authors: Averkin A G , Eremkin A I , Averkin Yu. A
Published: March 2021

Method and equipment for the heat recovery of the air vented from the rooms with application of intermediate heat medium on the base of silica gel are presented. Analytical dependences for calculating the convective heat exchange in the apparatus with fixed layer, boiling bed and two-phase air flow applying granulated sorbents are specified.
Designing of reed switches for sensors and security alarm devices
Authors: Kalinkina M E , Korobeynikov A G , Pirozhnikova O I , Shmakov N A , Tkalich V L
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of designing a highly reliable domestic elemental reed switch base of devices designed to create sensors for monitoring fluid flow and detectors for car alarm systems. The developed method of analyzing the statics and dynamics of contact groups of reed switches is implemented when designing new types of magnetically controlled contacts. New designs of reed switches have successfully passed technical tests and are protected by patents in the Russian Federation.
Influence of dimension chains on product assembly sequences
Authors: Bozhko A N
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the influence of design dimension chains on the assembly sequence of a complex product. When assembling products, the rule of connectivity of the dimension chain must be followed. For this reason, the dimension chain induces a binary partial order relation on the set of product parts. The assembly sequences for which the connectivity rule is applied are linear extensions of this order relation. The number of the linear extensions for the orders generated by the main methods of dimensioning is calculated. It is shown that the chain method of dimensioning is the most rigid, and the coordinate method is the most “tolerant”. The combined method occupies an intermediate position. The principle of matching the dimension and mechanical structures of a complex product is proposed. The results obtained can be used to generate rational dimension schemes in integrated CAD / CAM systems.
Methods for reducing electricity losses in main electrical networks
Authors: Belitsyn I V , Khomutov S O , Belitsyn A I
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of reducing the loss of electrical energy when transmitting it over long distances in electrical networks. In particular, technical measures are considered that can compensate for the inequality in the capacity of overhead power lines. A mathematical model is presented that makes it possible to determine the parameters of the electromagnetic field of a power line taking into account its real design. Effective measures have been proposed for equalizing electric charges in phases. Specific recommendations are given for a 500 kV line with horizontal phases. Also, safety issues are considered, namely, the dependences of the electric field strength near power lines are obtained.
Development of proposals of improving the risk-oriented approach in control and supervision activities on labor protection
Authors: Bordakovskaja A P , Rumyantseva N V , Kamenskaya S O , Hlebnikov N G
Published: March 2021

This work is devoted to the development of recommendations for improving the methodology for classifying the activities of employers to a certain risk category, which will make it possible to focus supervisory measures on enterprises in which professional risks to the life and health of workers are high.
Analysis of height dimensions of relatively high box-parts in their drawing from variable thickness blanks by full factorial experiment implementation
Authors: Malyshev A N , Bysov S A , Malyshev E N
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to an experimental study of the error in the contour height of relatively high box-parts with large radiuses of angular curves manufactured by drawing operation from a tailor welded blanks with variable thickness made of high-strength steel. The advantages of usage of tailor welded blanks with variable thickness are a reduction in the cost of the blanks by reducing material consumption compared to the “classic” uniform blanks, the ability to create a design of the stamped part in accordance with the requirements for operational properties, and a reduction in the mass of the stamped part as a whole.