bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pecha Kucha Presentation in the University English Classes: Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Catchongo Caiombe Arlindo João
Published: June 2024

The main focus of this article is to addresses issues about the pecha kucha approach in the university English classes. It is intended here to describe the impact of the of the new presentation format in the new modern University English classrooms. In order to attain the aim of this article, we conducted a bibliographic study that pays a special attention on the advantages and disadvantages of pecha kucha in university classroom. Under advantage section we can find some important features such as the pedagogical benefits, the teacher- student roles, and last but not the least, the use of technology. On the other side, the drawback section explains the three main limitations such as time constraint, content restriction, and excessive number of rehearsals. In this new decade there is a burning desire among teachers in helping students to be technologically skilled. Through the use of pecha kucha students not only acquire the necessary tech skills but also it builds in them a critical thinking. The study concludes that there are more advantages than disadvantages in using pecha kucha in the university English classes. Moreover, the study also highlights that one possible solution to mitigate the time constraint problem is to allow the flexibility at the moment of action.
Global weighted regularity for the 3D axisymmetric non-resistive MHD system
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Li Zhouyu
Published: June 2024

We consider the regularity criteria of axisymmetric solutions to the non-resistive MHD system with non-zero swirl in $ \mathbb{R}^{3} $. By applying a new anisotropic Hardy-Sobolev inequality in mixed Lorentz spaces, we show that strong solutions to this system can be smoothly extended beyond the possible blow-up time $ T $ if the horizontal angular component of the velocity belongs to anisotropic Lorentz spaces.
Les anges parlent-ils occitan ? Analyse d’un corpus de noëls toulousains de la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle
Authors: Couffignal Gilles
Published: June 2024

Les recueils de noëls imprimés sous l’Ancien Régime sont une source importante pour l’histoire sociolinguistique du Sud de la France du fait de la coprésence du français et de l’occitan. La critique a insisté sur le phénomène du noël bilingue, dans lequel un ou plusieurs bergers s’expriment en occitan face à un ange répondant en français. Dans cet article, nous présentons des jeux de données et des analyses permettant de visualiser le rôle des langues dans un corpus de noëls toulousains de la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle. L’approche numérique, qui consiste dans l’acquisition automatisée de sources textuelles et dans l’exploitation de bases analytiques, permet ainsi de mieux poser la question du rapport entre les langues. Il apparaît notamment que le microgenre du noël bilingue a été surestimé. Dans le même temps, l’analyse systématique des airs associés à chaque pièce renouvelle notre perception de conditions de création de ces noëls.
Strangulation of a port: East London, 1847-1873
Authors: Tankard K.P.T.
Published: June 2024

East London was established as a port less than 30 years after the creation of Port Elizabeth. The geographic and climatic advantages which East London had over Algoa Bay could have allowed it to develop into the major port for the Eastern Cape. Peculiar political circumstances, however, strangled East London's growth during its initial three decades so that by 1870, when prosperity at last came its way, it was already too late to make up the leeway. This article examines the obstructions to the growth of East London's trade during this important foundation period and attempts to explain why it was doomed from the start to be a port of only secondary importance.
Caledon and the Overberg: Placid centre of a geographic microcosm?
Authors: Wilson J.E.
Published: June 2024

tuated in the area known as the Overberg, the town of Caledon owed its brief spun of rapid growth in the 1850s mainly to the wool boom. But unlike the spectacular expansion of some South African towns as a result of the discovery of minerals, Caledon showed no continuous growth and urbanization. This contribution deals with early White settlement of the Overberg, the establishment of the town in 1811 and socio-economic development until about 1875. It also explains why Caledon, which was isolated from the main communication routes between seaports and the mineral fields, during this period remained a small town in a prosperous rural area.
Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC): A Cross-sectional Study from Malaysia
Authors: Lee Bee Shuang , Yap Suet Li , Lee Jia Ni
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare genetic disorder. There are few descriptions of phenotype and genotype in pediatric patients, especially from Asia.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 11 patients who were diagnosed with FHHNC due to a common homozygous mutation in CLDN19, the gene encoding claudin-19, in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia.

Results:

Eleven patients from eight families, predominantly of Iban descent, were diagnosed with FHHNC at a median age of 7 years. These patients had an identical novel homozygous pathogenic variant in CLDN19, c427del. Seven patients (63.7%) had ocular abnormalities. All patients had nephrocalcinosis; hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia were seen in 10 and 6 cases, respectively. One patient was asymptomatic at diagnosis. Progression to kidney failure was seen in two patients, at 7 and 15 years of age.

Conclusions:

The finding of a common novel mutation in non-consanguineous families from the Iban population across different regions in the Sarawak state suggests a founder effect, underscoring the importance of genetic screening in children from this region presenting with unexplained ocular symptoms or electrolyte abnormalities associated with nephrocalcinosis, to facilitate early diagnosis and management of FHHNC.
“Gut Point”: POCUS Leading to the Detection of Postoperative Intestinal Fistula
Authors: Menegozzo Carlos Augusto Metidieri , Rasslan Roberto , Damous Sérgio Henrique Bastos , Utiyama Edivaldo Massazo
Published: June 2024

Postoperative intestinal fistulae is one of the most feared complications. Despite its downsides, computerized tomography is the most widely used radiological exam to evaluate postoperative intestinal complications. Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a bedside tool that can sometimes expedite diagnosis and treatment, avoiding the potential downsides of a CT scan. We describe a case in which the use of POCUS yielded prompt identification of relevant signs in a patient suspected of having an intestinal fistula. We discuss the sonographic findings and the benefit of expediting definitive treatment, thus potentially lowering the morbidity of the patient.
Skeletal Muscle Ultrasound Radiomics and Machine Learning for the Earlier Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khan Sameed , Klochko Chad L. , Cooper Sydney , Franz Brendan , Wolf Lauren , Alessio Adam , Soliman Steven B.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Studies have demonstrated that a qualitatively and quantitatively assessed hyperechoic deltoid muscle on ultrasound (US) was accurate for the earlier detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aim to demonstrate the utility of automated skeletal muscle US radiomics and machine learning for the earlier detection of T2D and prediabetes (PreD) as a supplement to traditional hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing.

Methods:

A sample of 1191 patients who underwent shoulder US was collected with five cohorts: 171 “normal” (without T2D), 69 “screening” (negative pre-US, but positive HbA1c post-US), 190 “risk” (negative, but clinically high-risk and referred for HbA1c), 365 with “PreD” (pre-US), and 396 with “diabetes” (pre-US). Analysis was performed on deltoid muscle US images. Automatic detection identified the deltoid region of interest. Radiomics features, race, age, and body mass index were input to a gradient-boosted decision tree model to predict if the patient was either low-risk or moderate/high-risk for T2D.

Results:

Combining selected radiomics and clinical features resulted in a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.86 with 71% sensitivity and 96% specificity. In a subgroup of only patients with obesity, combining radiomics and clinical features achieved an AUROC of 0.92 with 82% sensitivity and 95% specificity.

Conclusion:

US radiomics and machine learning yielded promising results for the detection of T2D using skeletal muscle. Given the increasing use of shoulder US and the increasingly high number of undiagnosed patients with T2D, skeletal muscle US and radiomics analysis has the potential to serve as a supplemental noninvasive screening tool for the opportunistic earlier detection of T2D and PreD.
Vein of Galen Malformation Detected by Newborn Cranial Ultrasound Screen with Conservative Following Up: Case Report
Authors: Lin Chia-Jou , Chiu Nan-Chang , Huang Chun-Chao , Ho Che-Sheng
Published: June 2024

Vein of Galen malformation (VoGM) is a rare type of arteriovenous fistula, and its symptoms can range from being asymptomatic to causing life-threatening heart failure. In this case report, we present a 1-month-old infant with the mural type of VoGM, which was identified through newborn screening sonography. Subsequent 1-year follow-up findings with cranial ultrasound are also discussed. Doppler cranial ultrasound proves advantageous for the convenient monitoring of this medically stable infant with VoGM.
Successful Ultrasound Guided Sclerotherapy Technique for the Management of a Microcystic Warthin’s Tumor
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Song Sophia , Thakkar Punam , Joshi Arjun
Published: June 2024

Ultrasonographic descriptions of Warthin’s tumor (WT) vary from a predominately macrocystic appearance (anechoic with internal septations) to microcystic (multiple, diffuse, 1–2 mm anechoic areas). While the current first-line treatment for WTs is surgical excision, ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy (UGES) demonstrates success in macrocystic WTs, with aspiration of the cystic contents followed by injection of the sclerosing agent. Typically, microcystic tumors are thought to be unresponsive to sclerotherapy. In this case, we report the first application of ethanol sclerotherapy without ultrasound-guided aspiration for the treatment of a microcystic WT. The patient presented with a 2.0 cm × 1.97 cm × 3.05 cm right parotid mass of 9 years’ duration. UGES was performed in clinic under local anesthesia through injection of 97% ethanol in the three separate components of the target lesion. Six months postprocedure, ultrasound evaluation demonstrated a volume reduction rate of 78.53%. The patient reported significant cosmetic improvement and no observed complications.
Etiology and treatment response of macrocytic anemia among patients admitted at a tertiary care setup: A prospective study
Authors: Modak Dolanchampa , Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa
Published: June 2024

Background:

Macrocytic anemia is a prevalent hematologic disorder characterized by the presence of larger than normal red blood cells in the peripheral blood. Overall, about 40% of patients also have associated anemia, macrocytosis often precedes anemia, it may be the early sign of Vitamin B12 deficiency, and mild macrocytic anemia is maintained for a long period before a rapid worsening occurs.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and treatment response of macrocytic anemia among patients admitted at a tertiary care setup.

Materials and Methods:

Adult patients admitted at the facility having macrocytic anemia were included and their demographic, clinical history, and physical examination were noted. All patients were investigated for peripheral blood smear, complete blood count, liver function test, Vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid profile. Bone marrow examination and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were done among Vitamin B12 deficient subjects.

Results:

At baseline, severe anemia was noted in 31.48% of patients, and moderate anemia was noted in 68.51%. Bilirubin was raised in 51.85% of patients. The etiological profile suggested the majority of the cases were due to nutritional causes (22.23%), followed by 20.37% (n = 11) cases of drug-induced and 16.66% (n = 9) cases owing to chronic alcoholism. The mean baseline hemoglobin was 8.83, which raised to 10.92 after 6 months of treatment (P < 0.001). Mean corpuscular volume at baseline was 108.85 which reduced to 97.32 after treatment of 6 months (P < 0.001). About 18.52% of patients were deficient in only Vitamin B12, 35.17% in only folate, and 18.52% in both Vitamin B12 and folate. No significant association was observed between deficiency and severity of anemia (P = 0.642).

Conclusion:

Macrocytic anemia poses a significant health burden among patients admitted to tertiary care facilities. Understanding the diverse etiological factors and treatment responses is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
Increased Sperm DNA Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to Dextromethorphan as an Antitussive
Authors: Adebajo Oluwaseye A. , Gbotolorun Chinwe S. , Oremosu Ademola A. , Adebajo Perpetual K , Ojo Joshua H
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Male reproductive functions have been observed to be negatively impacted by the antitussive dextromethorphan (DM). It was also discovered that DM has an impact on micronutrients (such as zinc, calcium, and selenium) which are crucial for both capacitation and the acrosome reaction, which can result in infertility. Using Sprague-Dawley rats as models, we investigated the effects of quercetin and rutin on DM-induced toxicity in males in relation to apoptotic protein markers.

Methodology:

For a period of 16 weeks, 80 male rats, weighing 150 ± 30 g, were utilized and split into four groups. Twenty animals were employed in each group. For a period of 16 weeks, Group B received 20 mg/kg, Group C received 40 mg/kg, and Group D received 80 mg/kg of DM. Group A acted as the control group and received 1 ml of distilled water (DW). Five randomly chosen animals from each group were put to sleep at the end of the DM treatment period, and their testes were taken out to measure DNA fragmentation using comet assay. To ascertain the pace of recovery, the animals were then split into three groups, E–G, and kept for a total of 16 weeks. Group G received 1 ml of DW, Group F was given rutin (25 mg/kg), and Group E was given quercetin (50 mg/kg).

Results:

Comparing DM-treated groups to control revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in DNA fragmentation. When DM-treated and recovery-alone groups were contrasted with rutin and quercetin groups, an improvement in DNA was seen.

Conclusion:

Significant improvements in the parameters were observed when rutin and quercetin supplements were used, which may lessen the harmful effects of DM and enhance male fertility.
A Rare Combined Variation of the Fenestrated External Jugular Vein, Absent Retromandibular Vein, and Hypoplastic Internal Jugular Vein
Authors: Dhakshnamoorthy Nithya , Sakthivel Sulochana
Published: June 2024

A unique venous pattern was observed on the left side of the neck in a 70-year-old male cadaver. Variations were observed in the formation of the external jugular vein (EJV) associated with a hypoplastic internal jugular vein (IJV). The retromandibular vein did not form, and the superficial temporal vein continued as the EJV. The linguofacial and maxillary veins united and drained into the EJV, whereas the posterior auricular vein was absent. In addition, a slit-like fenestration in the EJV was present in the middle of the vein, which was 41.54 mm long. IJV of the same side was hypoplastic throughout its course in the neck, and the external diameter was 6 mm. IJV and EJV are frequently accessed for central venous pressure monitoring or intravenous infusion and are encountered during cervical lymphadenectomy. Awareness of the anatomical irregularities is critical to avert unanticipated complications.
Morphometric and Histological Analysis of the Ligamentum Mucosum of the Knee Joint: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Dhakshnamoorthy Nithya , Sakthivel Sulochana
Published: June 2024

Background:

The ligamentum mucosum (LM), or the infrapatellar plica, is a synovial fold of the knee joint that extends between the infrapatellar pad of fat and the intercondylar notch of the femur. LM has been implicated in plica syndrome, a painful knee condition caused by thickened, fibrotic, and edematous synovial plicae. LM can be used to reconstruct an anterior cruciate ligament tear. The present cadaveric study aims to describe the gross and histological features of LM.

Methodology:

In 20 adult cadavers, the intra-articular structures of the knee joint were exposed by reflecting the patella. LM and its type were identified. The length, width, and thickness were measured. The structure of LM was studied using hematoxylin and eosin stains.

Results:

LM was present in all the knees. Type 1 was predominant with a single band and was observed in 85%. Type 2a and type 2b were presented with double bands and triple bands, respectively. Type 3 LM was a vertical septum dividing the joint cavity into two compartments. The length of the ligament was 28.16 ± 2.35 mm. The thickness of LM at the proximal and distal end was higher on the left side, which was statistically significant. LM was composed of dense connective tissue and had rich vascularization.

Conclusion:

LM was initially thought to be incidental, but recent studies have changed the view, and the present study confirms its presence and describes its anatomical features. Knowledge about the LM is necessary to evaluate anterior knee pain when no other pathology is detected.
Investigating Body Image and Self-Esteem in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Akıncı N , Varışoğlu Y
Published: June 2024

Background:

Kidney transplantation is one of the life-saving therapies for patients with end-stage renal disease, which affects a person’s psychological, social, and physical well-being. How transplanted patients perceive their illness and their body can affect their physical and psychological recovery.

Aim:

This qualitative study was designed to evaluate self-esteem and body image in kidney transplant patients.

Methods:

The study involved 16 female renal transplanted patients. Data were collected using a two-part interview form developed by the investigators in accordance with the literature. We used Lundman’s method to transcribe the interviews and coded the data from the interviews. The results of the study were discussed using the themes. The first three interviews were entered into MAXQDA, and then, additional interviews were analyzed.

Results:

Six main themes and 15 subthemes were generated based on the thematic analysis of the interviews with participants about body image and self-esteem. Themes included body acceptance, changes in body image, deterioration of social relationships, changes in self-esteem, spousal concerns, and organ perceptions. This study collected detailed data on body image, self-esteem, social relationships, and spouse/partner relationships after kidney transplantation.

Conclusion:

The change in participants’ body image and self-esteem after kidney transplantation caused having negative feelings regarding sexual life, relationships, and social life and feeling unfamiliar with the transplanted organ.
Evaluation of Myocardial Injury Using Serum Cardiac Troponin-I in Asphyxiated Neonates at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo O , Adiele DK , Ekwochi U , Idoko CA , Obidike EK
Published: June 2024

Background:

The burden of perinatal asphyxia remains high in our environment and when asphyxia is severe, vital organs are affected, with resultant multiorgan hypoxic-iscahemic injury to the heart, the brain, adrenals and other organs.

Study Aim:

To evaluate for myocardial injury in asphyxiated term neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy using serum cardiac troponin-I (cTnI).

Methods:

The study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study involving sixty term asphyxiated neonates and sixty gestational age-and sex-matched controls. The subjects were term neonates with five-minute Apgar score ≤ 6 and HIE while the controls were healthy term neonates with five-minute Apgar score > 6. Five-minute Apgar score was utilized to classify asphyxia into mild, moderate and severe asphyxia. The degree of encephalopathy was determined by modified Sarnat and Sarnat criteria. The serum cTnI was measured in subjects and controls at 12-24 hours of life using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The serum bilirubin levels were also measured in participants to exclude hyperbilirubinemia.

Results:

The median serum cTnI levels was significantly higher in the subjects (0.56ng/mL; 0.25-0.94ng/mL) than in the controls (0.50ng/mL; 0.00-0.67ng/mL), respectively; p=0.001. Similarly, the median serum cTnI level in HIE stage II (0.56ng/mL; 0.38-0.72ng/mL) or III (0.56ng/ml; 0.50-0.94ng/mL) was also significantly higher than the median value in HIE stage I (0.38ng/mL;0.25-0.72ng/mL) or in controls (0.50ng/mL; 0.00-0.67ng/mL); p<0.001. There was significant positive correlation between serum cTnI levels and severity of HIE in asphyxiated neonates (rs = 0.505, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

serum cTnI levels were elevated in severely asphyxiated neonates with HIE. The concentration of serum cTnI demonstrated significant positive correlation with HIE severity. Hence, the presence of HIE in asphyxiated neonates should prompt an evaluation for myocardial injury using serum cTnI. Any derangement noted should warrant instituting cardiovascular support in order to improve outcome and reduce asphyxia-related mortality.
Genioplasty – A Review
Authors: Degala S , Choudhary A
Published: June 2024

Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic. Recent improvements include porous graft materials such as high-density polyethylene. Despite the need for secure osteotomy segments, soft tissues around the mandible have a natural propensity to return to their original anatomical position. In the discipline of genioplasty, face esthetics and facial evaluation have been a prominent emphasis, with historical evidence emphasizing the relevance of the chin in harmony, balance, and character perception. Customized implants provide a single therapy for rare anatomical defects, generally with lower morbidity, making them critical for patients undergoing many procedures or suffering from syndromic disorders. Virtual surgical planning advances will continue to give dependable solutions for small and complex chin position issues. Modern surgeons will continue to combine history, anatomy, rigorous evaluation, excellent execution, and technological breakthroughs to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients, raising their social standing.
The Effect of Informing Patient Relatives with a Short Message on Anxiety Levels during Cardiovascular Surgery in Türkiye: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Şişman Ç , Diğin F
Published: June 2024

Background:

Surgical procedures cause a certain level of anxiety in the relatives of the patients, it has been observed that heart surgeries cause more anxiety.

Aim:

To determine the effects of informing patients’ relatives with short messages on anxiety levels during cardiovascular surgery.

Methods:

The study was conducted as a randomized controlled research investigation from October 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022, at the cardiovascular surgery operating room of a university hospital and included 84 patient relatives (42 experimental and 42 control group). The Patient Relatives Information Form and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to collect the study data. The patients’ relatives in the experimental group were informed by short messages (preparations for surgery have begun, your relative’s surgery has started, your relative’s surgery is still ongoing, and your relative’s surgery is completed) during the surgery. State Anxiety Inventory was re-administered to all patients’ relatives after cardiovascular surgery. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05157789).

Results:

It was found that the postoperative State Anxiety Inventory score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). The difference between preoperative and postoperative state anxiety scores was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Informing the patients’ relatives with a short message during cardiovascular surgery significantly reduced the level of anxiety.
Mesenteric Panniculitis as a Side Effect of Nivolumab in a Patient with Larnyngeal Cancer
Authors: Karhan O , Sezgin Y , Ileri S , Tunc S
Published: June 2024

Mesenteric panniculitis is rare, usually idiopathic, caused by inflammation of the fatty tissue of the mesentery, especially in the small intestine. The relation between cancer and mesenteric panniculitis is unclear. In some studies, mesenteric pannicullitis precedes cancer diagnosis; on the other hand, some studies suggest no correlations. Immunotherapeutics have a wide range of side effects; virtually, every system and organ in the body can be affected. Herein, we presented a rare case of mesenteric panniculitis in a patient with larnyngeal cancer as a side effect of nivolumab treatment. The patient was presented with nausea and vomiting and diagnosed with intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography and fully recovered with corticosteroid treatment. The case report highlights the importance of noticing rarely seen side effects of immunotherapy which can be treated easily with immunosuppressive agents.
The Role of Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Levels in Follicular Fluid in Unexplained İnfertility
Authors: Topdagi SK , Topdagi YE , Ozdemir I , Borekci B
Published: June 2024

Background:

Unexplained infertility is defined as the absence of any pathology in the basic evaluation performed in couples who cannot achieve pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse. The results of tests examining the causes of infertility show no identifiable cause in almost 15% of couples.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on pregnancy and embryos.

Methods:

This study included 200 patients, aged between 20–44 years, with unexplained infertility, who had recurrent intrauterine inseminations failures and hence started in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. Some amounts of waste follicular fluid samples were collected by embryologists from the oocytes of these patients during the ovum pick-up procedure. Next, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated in the biochemistry laboratory.

Results:

In terms of pregnancy status, both follicular TOS and OSI values were not significantly different in patients with biochemical and clinical pregnancy, whereas TAS values were significantly higher in patients with pregnancy (P < 0.05). In terms of embryo quality, no significant difference was observed in TAS, TOS, and OSI values between grade 1 and 2 embryos, whereas pregnancy rates were significantly higher in patients who received grade 1 embryo transfer (P < 0.05). However, the follicular fluid TAS levels were significantly lower in smoking patients than in those who did not smoke; TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher.

Conclusion:

This study showed that exposure to oxidative stress might be a causative factor for infertility. In addition, ROS decreased the level of TAS by increasing OSI in the follicular fluid; thus, antioxidant supplementation might be a necessity.
Effect of the Combination of Exercise and Metformin on Osteocalcin, Insülin, Interleukin-6, Glucose Levels, and Body Weights in Rats
Authors: Beyazcicek O , Beyazcicek E , Kubur UB , Gok A
Published: June 2024

Background:

Exercise or exercise capacity is a vital physiological function. It is known that certain cytokines support muscle function during exercise and, as a result, increase exercise capacity.

Aims:

In this study, the effect of metformin administered in combination with exercise on osteocalcin (OCN), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in rats was investigated.

Methods:

Forty-two male Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: control (CONT), only exercise (EXE), metformin_100 mg/kg (Met100), metformin_200 mg/kg (Met200), metformin_100 mg/kg+exercise (Met100+EXE), and metformin_200 mg/kg+exercise (Met200+EXE). A 10-week intervention was conducted, excluding exercise training. During the experiment, the groups receiving metformin application (100 or 200 mg/kg) were administered with metformin. At the end of the study, serum samples were collected from the rats to determine the levels of osteocalcin, insulin, and IL-6 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In addition, glucose levels and body weights were evaluated. GraphPad Prism was used for the analyses.

Results:

The OCN and insulin levels of the Met100+EXE and Met200+EXE groups were found to be higher compared to the CONT, Met100, and Met200 groups (P < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the EXE group was determined to be higher than that of the CONT, Met100, and Met200 groups (P < 0.01). It was observed that both exercise and the individual or combined application of metformin resulted in lower blood glucose levels compared to the CONT group. The mean body weight of the EXE group was higher than that of the other groups.

Conclusion:

The combined application of metformin and exercise has increased osteocalcin and insulin levels compared to metformin application alone.
Hepatic fibrosis among chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients: North-Western Nigeria experience
Authors: Musa Yusuf , Abdulkadir Yussuf Maisuna , Ibrahim Yusuf , Maiyaki Abubakar Sadiq , Yakubu Abdulmumini , Ijeoma Ifeorah M. , Samaila Adamu Alhaji , Muhammad Musa Borodo
Published: June 2024

Background:

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a global health problem, affecting two billion individuals worldwide, with 257 million suffering from chronic infection. This condition can lead to severe complications, including fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibrosis serves as the common pathway through which CHB infection progresses to cirrhosis and HCC. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard assessment method, although it is a procedure that is often avoided. However, the feared complications associated with it can be averted with preventive measures. In this study, we aim to assess the fibrosis pattern among CHB patients using liver biopsy, as well as its tolerability and histological outcome within our locality.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. Sixty-eight patients with CHB infection were consecutively recruited over a period of 7 months. Following a focused history and physical examination, various tests including complete blood count, liver enzymes, serum proteins, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio were conducted. A liver biopsy was performed on all eligible consenting subjects without contraindications. The histological findings and results of investigations were recorded and analyzed accordingly.

Results:

The mean age of the study subjects was 32.43 ± 10.50 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. More than 80% of the patients were negative for HBe antigen (envelope antigen). Out of the 68 patients successfully biopsied, 42 (61.7%) had histological evidence of necroinflammation, with 22% exhibiting significant inflammation. Additionally, 35 patients (56.5%) displayed evidence of fibrosis, with 46.5% of them having significant fibrosis.

Conclusion:

More than half of the CHB patients examined exhibited evidence of fibrosis and necroinflammation.
Zenker’s diverticulum co-existing with a duodenal ulcer: A case report
Authors: Bojuwoye Matthew Olumuyiwa , Akinloye Tayewo Adebisi , Adedokun Stephen Ishola , Olokoba Abdulfatai Bamidele
Published: June 2024

Oesophageal diverticula are relatively rare, with Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) being the most common type. ZD is a relatively rare disease in the pharyngoesophageal area. It is a pulsion diverticulum, or false diverticulum, located dorsally at the wall between the pharynx and esophagus. We present a case of an incidental finding of a ZD in an elderly woman who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a co-existing duodenal ulcer.
Investigation on self-medication among outpatients consulting in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department at the Campus University Hospital of Lome-Togo
Authors: Lawson-Ananissoh Laté Mawuli , Gbolou Mawunyo Henoc , Kanake Yendoukoa Yves , Kogoe Lidawu Roland-Moïse , Redah Debehoma Venceslas , Bagny Aklesso
Published: June 2024

Aim:

To evaluate knowledge regarding self-medication and describe hepatic and renal biological disturbances observed in patients practicing self-medication.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was conducted from February 1, 2022, to July 31, 2022, in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Lome Campus Teaching Hospital (Togo). It included outpatients who provided written, voluntary, and informed consent to participate in the study.

Results:

A total of 419 patients participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 39.80 ± 14.93 years. The frequency of self-medication was estimated at 91.65%. The main reasons mentioned were the lack of funds to visit the hospital (45.25%), perceived non-gravity of the condition (30.73%), and time constraints (28.77%). The top three reasons for self-medication were headache (32.56%), flu-like illness (29.5%), and abdominal pain (26.82%). Analgesics (73.31%), antimalarials (28.93%), and anti-inflammatories (24.71%) were the most commonly used therapeutic classes. Hepatic cytolysis syndrome was found in 19.27% of patients, and kidney failure was noted in 5.46% of patients.

Conclusion:

Self-medication poses significant dangers when undertaken recklessly, given the inherent risks associated with drugs and the consequences that such risks entail.
Colorectal polyps risk factors: A case–control study in ABIDJAN (CÔTE D’IVOIRE)
Authors: Anzouan-Kacou Henriette Ya Kissi , Bangoura Aboubacar Demba , Yaogo Abdoulatif , Koffi Olivier Claver Kouassi , Cheping Tuente Olive Carole , Assi Constant , Attia Alain Koffi
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives:

Adenomas and certain serrated polyps have the potential to develop into colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite barriers limiting routine screening for CRCs in Côte d’Ivoire, it is important to focus on the risk factors for colorectal (CR) polyps. To facilitate the identification of individuals to prioritize for CRC screening, this study aimed to determine the risk factors of CR polyps in a hospital setting in Abidjan.

Materials and Methods:

From January 1st, 2023, to July 31st, 2023, a prospective analytical multicenter case–control study was conducted in four hospitals in Abidjan. Patients diagnosed with CR polyps (cases) were compared to those without polyps (controls), matched for age and gender at a 1:1 ratio. Logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with the discovery of CR polyps.

Results:

Thirty-three cases were matched to 33 controls [age (P = 0.97), gender (P = 0.80), recruitment site (P = 1.00), indication for colonoscopy (P = 0.93)]. Adenomatous polyps represented 68.3% (n = 28) of cases. In univariate analysis, factors associated with CR polyps were body mass index (P = 0.004), personal or family history of CRC (P = 0.004) and/or CR polyps (P = 0.007), and consumption of red meat (P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, only red meat consumption was statistically associated with CR polyps (P = 0.02) [odds ratio (OR) = 17.0 (1.5–189.3)]. Alcohol and tobacco were not statistically associated with the presence of CR polyps either in univariate analysis [alcohol (OR= 0.14) and tobacco (OR= 1.00)] or in multivariate analysis [alcohol (OR= 0.99) and tobacco (OR= 0.99)].

Conclusion:

Our study found that increased consumption of red meat is associated with the presence of CR polyps. However, tobacco and alcohol did not show an association with CR polyps in our study. Larger studies are necessary to validate or challenge our findings.
Relation between mode of delivery and related factors with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Eshraghi Bahram , Houshang-Jahromi Mohammad-Hossein , Haghshenas Zahra , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible relation between the mode of delivery and associated factors with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

METHODS:

This case–control study was conducted on children between 6 months and 5 years with CNLDO and healthy controls. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors with CNLDO and a backward elimination technique was applied for modeling.

RESULTS:

From 324 enrolled subjects, 160 were as a case (CNLDO group) and 164 were healthy control (non-CNLDO group). A positive family history of CNLDO was present in 21 (13.1%) patients with CNLDO and 3 (1.81%) controls (P < 0.001). Cesarean section was 62.9% and 64.0% in the CNLDO and controls groups, respectively (P = 0.83). Using logistic regression models, children with a positive family history were 10.12 times more likely to have CNLDO than the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 10.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.838–36.069). In addition, birth weight ≤2500 g (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: (1.123–5.087)) and maternal age ≤27 years at the time of delivery (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: (1.462–3.778)) were associated with upper odds for CNLDO.

CONCLUSION:

There is an increase in the risk of CNLDO with a positive family history, birth weight < 2500 g, and maternal age of <27 years. However, further research is warranted to evaluate the causal relationship of these risk factors. Notably, there is no significant relationship between the mode of delivery and developing CNLDO.
TÜRKİYE’DE TEKAFÜL (KATILIM) SİGORTACILIK SİSTEMİ UYGULAMASI ve GELENEKSEL SİGORTACILIK İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: İlter Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2024

Sigorta, bireylerin kendilerini can ve malları üzerinden güvende hissetme iç güdüsüyle doğmuştur. Sigortacılık kavramı ise genel manada bireylerin can ve mallarının risklere maruz kalması sonucu ortaya çıkması beklenen zararın tanzimini amaçlayan bir sistemdir. Geliştirilen geleneksel sigortacılık sisteminin temelinde bulunan garar (belirsizlik), riba (faiz), toplanan primlerin faizli yatırım araçlarında değerlendirilmesi ve risk paylaşımı yerine risk transferinin varlığı İslami finans ilkeleri tarafından kabul görmemiştir. İslami finansın gelişmesi ile İslami finans ilkelerine uygun, geleneksel sigortacılık sistemine alternatif model geliştirilmiştir. Tekafül sigortacılığı İslami finans ilkelerine uygun, riskin paylaşıldığı, yardımlaşmayı, iş birliğini ve dayanışmayı temel alan bir sigortacılık sistemi olarak geliştirilmiştir. Son yıllarda İslami finans araçlarının ve uygulamalarının gelişmesi ve ülkemizde de popüler hale gelmesi ile tekafül sigortacılığı yani bir diğer adıyla katılım sigortacılığı sektörü faaliyetlerini genişletmiştir. Çalışmada; Tekafül (katılım) sigortacılığının geleneksel (konvansiyonel) sigortacılık sisteminden farkları ve tekafül sigortacılığının uygulanan mevcut modelleri incelenip karşılaştırılmıştır. Tekafül sigorta sisteminin Türkiye’de sahip olduğu güncel veriler kullanılarak sigortacılık sektöründeki yeri ve önemine dair bir teorik çerçeve çizilmiştir.
Preparation of future preschool teachers for interaction with children in a natural environment
Authors: Popovych Oksana , Yakovenko Vita , Mylian Zhanna , Hrab Olha , Yushchik Lydmila
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of formation of professional competencies and components of the readiness of future preschool teachers for interaction with children of early and preschool age in a natural environment. The methods used in the research are: Identifying the teacher's abilities for self-development (I. Nikishyna), the technique for diagnosing reflexivity (A. Karpov, V. Ponomareva), Research of the level of empathic tendencies (I. Yusupov), Methods of assessing cognitive potential in education (М. Shevardin). For statistical processing of the results, descriptive analysis, dispersion analysis, and correlation analysis were used. It was found that future preschool teachers have a high level of readiness for interaction with children of early and preschool age in a natural environment. They have developed empathy, self-development abilities, cognitive potentials, and reflexivity. Professional competencies are also developed at a high level. A positive correlation was established between the components of readiness for interaction with children in a natural environment and professional competencies. The obtained research results support the expansion of educational programs for future preschool teachers by including the development of such qualities as empathy, reflexivity, a desire for self-development, and cognitive potential in the list of necessary competencies.
The use of multimedia technologies in the development of the methodological competence of future teachers
Authors: Romanyuk Svitlana , Karaman Olga , Onyshkiv Zinovii , Vasylyk Maryna , Strohanova Hanna
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of multimedia technologies in building the methodological competence of future teachers. To achieve this, a mixed methodology was used that combined the application of standardized tests, direct observation, in-depth interviews, evaluation by experts and a training experiment. The main findings of the study reveal that the systematic use of multimedia technologies in the training of future teachers constitutes an effective factor for the development of their methodological competence. A significant impact was observed on the cognitive and motivational components of said competence. The multimedia training system implemented was based on the principles of methodological training and demonstrated a high potential to be integrated into pedagogy educational programs and continuing training courses for teachers.
The role of interactive platforms in enhancing self-motivation during distance postgraduate studies
Authors: Dyka Natalia , Tretiak Olha , Yakunin Yaroslav , Shopina Maryna , Horobets Svitlana , Rozinkevych Nataliia
Published: June 2024

Modern technologies are an active tool for the development of practical skills, which has a positive value for distance learning as well. The aim of the work is to determine the role of interactive platforms in enhancing self-motivation during distance postgraduate studies. The research employed the following methods: comparison, the Stapel scale, calculations of the motivation factor, the activity ratio; Sherman test. The development of the teacher’s communication and personal skills in education involved the use of the MOODLE platform; student evaluation mechanisms involved the use of the Liveworksheets application. It was determined that self-motivation was reflected in the search for non-standard methods for presenting information (23.4), the study of new materials (22.1), the research activity (19.7). The study showed that conducting open lessons by teachers who were undergoing postgraduate training was reflected in their obtaining high results. Primary school teachers achieved a high level of knowledge among 68%, Ukrainian language – 71%, mathematics – 64%. The practical significance of the work is the possibility of creating new approaches to postgraduate training of primary and secondary school teachers. Research prospects may be related to determining the advantages of various interactive platforms for conducting postgraduate studies.
The influence of digital technologies on the improvement of communication skills of students in the process of foreign languages studying (in non-linguistic higher educational institutions)
Authors: Podplota Svitlana , Osipchuk Nataliia , Tarasiuk Nataliia , Kostyk Yevheniia , Absaliamova Yana
Published: June 2024

The study aims to analyse the influence of digital technologies on the improvement of students' communication skills during foreign language studies in non-linguistic educational institutions. The questionnaire-based survey and the method of expert evaluation of the competencies formation were used. Student's coefficient and correlation analysis were used for statistical data analysis. The reliability and validity of the instruments were checked using Cronbach's alpha. The study showed that the use of Linguee contributes to the development of foreign language communicative competence of students of non-linguistic higher educational institutions. Linguistic competence (t≈6.71), Cultural sensitivity (t≈7.21), Adaptability (t≈7.46), and Communication efficiency (t≈6.36) exceed critical value tcritical≈2.447 at α=0.05. In such a way, the difference in the assessment between the groups is statistically significant, with a significance level of α=0.05. The positive influence of the Linguee platform on the formation and development of students' communication skills was found in studies in non-linguistic higher educational institutions. The results confirm that the use of digital tools in the educational process contributes to the improvement of students' communicative competence. Further studies can be oriented on a deeper understanding and optimisation of the influence of digital technologies on the development of communication skills.
“comunista” e os “últimos cavaleiros”:
Authors: Martins Faria João Paulo
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações sobre Martin Luther King Jr. e o Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) contidas em cartas enviadas por civis para o então diretor da agência de investigação, John Edgar Hoover, entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. Embora figura pública quase unânime em vários espectros políticos atualmente, King foi duramente perseguido e criticado durante sua vida. A partir disso, buscamos reconstruir os retratos constituídos acerca do pastor naquele período, bem como entendermos as articulações anticomunistas e racistas por trás dos julgamentos a sua figura e o papel do FBI e de Hoover nesse processo. Argumentamos que o anticomunismo e o racismo, longe de serem características de certos posicionamentos políticos da época, eram na verdade o modelo de inteligibilidade que dava sentido à realidade estadunidense, de acordo com parte significativa da população do país.