bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of aspartic acid in reducing coral calcification under ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Kellock Celeste , Cole Catherine , Penkman Kirsty , Evans David , Kröger Roland , Hintz Chris , Hintz Ken , Finch Adrian , Allison Nicola
Published: July 2020

Biomolecules play key roles in regulating the precipitation of CaCO3 biominerals but their response to ocean acidification is poorly understood. We analysed the skeletal intracrystalline amino acids of massive, tropical Porites spp. corals cultured over different seawater pCO2. We find that concentrations of total amino acids, aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx), glutamic acid/glutamine and alanine are positively correlated with seawater pCO2 and inversely correlated with seawater pH. Almost all variance in calcification rates between corals can be explained by changes in the skeletal total amino acid, Asx, serine and alanine concentrations combined with the calcification media pH (a likely indicator of the dissolved inorganic carbon available to support calcification). We show that aspartic acid inhibits aragonite precipitation from seawater in vitro, at the pH, saturation state and approximate aspartic acid concentrations inferred to occur at the coral calcification site. Reducing seawater saturation state and increasing [aspartic acid], as occurs in some corals at high pCO2, both serve to increase the degree of inhibition, indicating that biomolecules may contribute to reduced coral calcification rates under ocean acidification.
Metagenomic characterisation of avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from Australian wild ducks
Authors: Vibin Jessy , Chamings Anthony , Klaassen Marcel , Bhatta Tarka Raj , Alexandersen Soren
Published: July 2020

Ducks can shed and disseminate viruses and thus play a role in cross-species transmission. In the current study, we detected and characterised various avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals, Grey teals and Wood ducks sampled at multiple time points from a single location using metagenomics. We characterised 46 different avian parvoviruses belonging to three different genera Dependoparvovirus, Aveparvovirus and Chaphamaparvovirus, and 11 different avian picornaviruses tentatively belonging to four different genera Sicinivirus, Anativirus, Megrivirus and Aalivirus. Most of these viruses were genetically different from other currently known viruses from the NCBI dataset. The study showed that the abundance and number of avian picornaviruses and parvoviruses varied considerably throughout the year, with the high number of virus reads in some of the duck samples highly suggestive of an active infection at the time of sampling. The detection and characterisation of several parvoviruses and picornaviruses from the individual duck samples also suggests co-infection, which may lead to the emergence of novel viruses through possible recombination. Therefore, as new and emerging diseases evolve, it is relevant to explore and monitor potential animal reservoirs in their natural habitat.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lysiloma acapulcensis exhibit high-antimicrobial activity
Authors: Garibo Diana , Borbón-Nuñez Hugo A. , de León Jorge N. Díaz , García Mendoza Ernesto , Estrada Iván , Toledano-Magaña Yanis , Tiznado Hugo , Ovalle-Marroquin Marcela , Soto-Ramos Alicia G. , Blanco Alberto , Rodríguez José A. , Romo Oscar A. , Chávez-Almazán Luis A. , Susarrey-Arce Arturo
Published: July 2020

The scientific community is exploiting the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine and other AgNPs combination like with biomaterials to reduce microbial contamination. In the field of nanomedicine and biomaterials, AgNPs are used as an antimicrobial agent. One of the most effective approaches for the production of AgNPs is green synthesis. Lysiloma acapulcensis (L. acapulcensis) is a perennial tree used in traditional medicine in Mexico. This tree contains abundant antimicrobial compounds. In the context of antimicrobial activity, the use of L. acapulcensis extracts can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance its antimicrobial activity. In this work, we demonstrate such antimicrobial activity effect employing green synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis. The FTIR and LC–MS results showed the presence of chemical groups that could act as either (i) reducing agents stabilizing the AgNPs or (ii) antimicrobial capping agents enhancing antimicrobial properties of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis were crystalline with a spherical and quasi-spherical shape with diameters from 1.2 to 62 nm with an average size diameter of 5 nm. The disk diffusion method shows the magnitude of the susceptibility over four pathogenic microorganisms of clinical interest. The antimicrobial potency obtained was as follows: E. coli ≥ S. aureus ≥ P. aeruginosa > C. albicans. The results showed that green synthesized (biogenic) AgNPs possess higher antimicrobial potency than chemically produced AgNPs. The obtained results confirm a more significant antimicrobial effect of the biogenic AgNPs maintaining low-cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically.
KCl-induced cortical spreading depression waves more heterogeneously propagate than optogenetically-induced waves in lissencephalic brain: an analysis with optical flow tools
Authors: Donmez-Demir Buket , Erdener Şefik Evren , Karatas Hulya , Kaya Zeynep , Ulusoy Ilkay , Dalkara Turgay
Published: July 2020

Although cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD) were originally assumed to be homogeneously and concentrically propagating waves, evidence obtained first in gyrencephalic brains and later in lissencephalic brains suggested a rather non-uniform propagation, shaped heterogeneously by factors like cortical region differences, vascular anatomy, wave recurrences and refractory periods. Understanding this heterogeneity is important to better evaluate the experimental models on the mechanistics of CSD and to make appropriate clinical estimations on neurological disorders like migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. This study demonstrates the application of optical flow analysis tools for systematic and objective evaluation of spatiotemporal CSD propagation patterns in anesthetized mice and compares the propagation profile in different CSD induction models. Our findings confirm the asymmetric angular CSD propagation in lissencephalic brains and suggest a strong dependency on induction-method, such that continuous potassium chloride application leads to significantly higher angular propagation variability compared to optogenetically-induced CSDs.
Iron biofortification and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes cultivated in sugarcane molasses
Authors: Scheid Simone Schenkel , Faria Maria Graciela Iecher , Velasquez Leonardo Garcia , do Valle Juliana Silveira , Gonçalves Affonso Celso , Dragunski Douglas Cardoso , Colauto Nelson Barros , Linde Giani Andrea
Published: July 2020

Basidiomycetes can bioaccumulate high iron contents, but there are few studies on iron availability from the mycelial biomass in order to support their use as an iron-enriched fungal food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro iron bioaccumulation and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes grown in two distinct culture media. Lentinus crinitus, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes, and Agaricus subrufescens were grown in liquid culture medium of malt extract or sugarcane molasses to obtain iron-bioaccumulated mycelial biomass. P. ostreatus was the fungus that most bioaccumulated iron, followed by S. commune, and P. eryngii; they also had the highest mycelial biomass growth and iron transfer from the culture medium to the mycelial biomass. Mycelial iron availability is species-specific, regardless of the culture medium and the iron bioaccumulation capacity of the fungus in the mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of S. commune, followed by G. lucidum, P. ostreatus, and P. eryngii, associated with molasses culture medium, are the best choice for the production of iron-enriched mycelial biomass.
Genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil
Authors: Verza Mirela , Scheffer Mara Cristina , Salvato Richard Steiner , Schorner Marcos André , Barazzetti Fernando Hartmann , Machado Hanalydia de Melo , Medeiros Taiane Freitas , Rovaris Darcita Buerger , Portugal Isabel , Viveiros Miguel , Perdigão João , Kritski Afrânio , Bazzo Maria Luiza
Published: July 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB) poses as the major cause of death among infectious diseases. The knowledge about the molecular diversity of M.tb enables the implementation of more effective surveillance and control measures and, nowadays, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) holds the potential to produce high-resolution epidemiological data in a high-throughput manner. Florianópolis, the state capital of Santa Catarina (SC) in south Brazil, shows a high TB incidence (46.0/100,000). Here we carried out a WGS-based evaluation of the M.tb strain diversity, drug-resistance and ongoing transmission in the capital metropolitan region. Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin was identified respectively in 4.0% (n = 6), 2.0% (n = 3) and 1.3% (n = 2) of the 151 studied strains by WGS. Besides, resistance to pyrazinamide and ethambutol was detected in 0.7% (n = 1) and reistance to ethionamide and fluoroquinolone (FQ) in 1.3% (n = 2), while a single (0.7%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain was identified. SNP-based typing classified all isolates into M.tb Lineage 4, with high proportion of sublineages LAM (60.3%), T (16.4%) and Haarlem (7.9%). The average core-genome distance between isolates was 420.3 SNPs, with 43.7% of all isolates grouped across 22 genomic clusters thereby showing the presence of important ongoing TB transmission events. Most clusters were geographically distributed across the study setting which highlights the need for an urgent interruption of these large transmission chains. The data conveyed by this study shows the presence of important and uncontrolled TB transmission in the metropolitan area and provides precise data to support TB control measures in this region.
Characterization and selection of functional yeast strains during sourdough fermentation of different cereal wholegrain flours
Authors: Palla Michela , Blandino Massimo , Grassi Arianna , Giordano Debora , Sgherri Cristina , Quartacci Mike Frank , Reyneri Amedeo , Agnolucci Monica , Giovannetti Manuela
Published: July 2020

The increasing demand for healthy baked goods boosted studies on sourdough microbiota with beneficial metabolic traits, to be used as potential functional starters. Here, 139 yeasts isolated from cereal-based fermented foods were in vitro characterized for their phytase and antioxidant activities. The molecular characterization at strain level of the best 39 performing isolates showed that they did not derive from cross contamination by baker’s yeast. Afterwards, the 39 isolates were in vivo analyzed for their leavening ability, phytase activity and polyphenols content using five different wholegrain flours, obtained from conventional and pigmented common wheat, emmer and hull-less barley. Combining these findings, through multivariate permutation analysis, we identified the 2 best performing strains, which resulted diverse for each flour. Doughs singly inoculated with the selected strains were further analyzed for their antioxidant capacity, phenolic acids, xanthophylls and anthocyanins content. All the selected yeasts significantly increased the total antioxidant activity, the soluble, free and conjugated, forms of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of fermented doughs. This study revealed the importance of a specific selection of yeast strains for wholegrain flours obtained from different cereals or cultivars, in order to enhance the pro-technological, nutritional and nutraceutical traits of fermented doughs.
Geographical variations in maternal lifestyles during pregnancy associated with congenital heart defects among live births in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China
Authors: Liu Yini , Zhang Huihui , Li Jing , Liang Chujun , Zhao Yaling , Chen Fangyao , Wang Duolao , Pei Leilei
Published: July 2020

In this study, we aimed to explore regional differences in maternal lifestyle during pregnancy related to congenital heart defects (CHD) in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China. A large-scale epidemiologic survey of birth defects among infants born during 2010–2013, was conducted in Shaanxi province. Non-spatial and geographic weighted logistic regression models were used for analysis. The spatial model indicated that passive smoking frequency was positively associated with CHD for 43.3% of participants (P < 0.05), with the highest OR in North Shaanxi and the lowest in South Shaanxi. Approximately 49.2% of all mothers who ever drink tea were more likely to have an infant with CHD (P < 0.05), with the highest OR values observed in North and Central Shaanxi. Additionally, maternal alcohol intake frequency ≥ 1/week was significantly correlated with CHD among about 24.7% of participants (P < 0.05), with OR values ranging from 0.738 (Central Shaanxi) to 1.198 (North Shaanxi). The rates of unhealthy maternal lifestyles during pregnancy associated with CHD differed in various areas of the province. The role of geographical variations in these factors may provide some possible clues and basis for tailoring site-specific intervention strategies.
Determining the contribution of a high-fructose corn syrup formulation to hepatic glycogen synthesis during ad-libitum feeding in mice
Authors: DiNunzio Giada , Belew Getachew D. , Torres Alejandra N. , Silva João Gabriel , Silva Luis P. , Barosa Cristina , Tavares Ludgero , Jones John G.
Published: July 2020

Excessive sugar intake including high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is implicated in the rise of obesity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver glycogen synthesis is influenced by both fructose and insulin signaling. Therefore, the effect of HFCS on hepatic glycogenesis was evaluated in mice feeding ad-libitum. Using deuterated water: the fraction of glycogen derived from triose-P sources, Krebs cycle substrates, and direct pathway + cycling, was measured in 9 normal-chow fed mice (NC) and 12 mice fed normal chow plus a 55% fructose/45% glucose mix in the drinking water at 30% w/v (HFCS-55). This was enriched with [U-13C]fructose or [U-13C]glucose to determine the contribution of each to glycogenesis. For NC, direct pathway + cycling, Krebs cycle, and triose-P sources accounted for 66 ± 0.7%, 23 ± 0.8% and 11 ± 0.4% of glycogen synthesis, respectively. HFCS-55 mice had similar direct pathway + cycling (64 ± 1%) but lower Krebs cycle (12 ± 1%, p < 0.001) and higher triose-P contributions (24 ± 1%, p < 0.001). HFCS-55-fructose contributed 17 ± 1% via triose-P and 2 ± 0% via Krebs cycle. HFCS-55-glucose contributed 16 ± 3% via direct pathway and 1 ± 0% via Krebs cycle. In conclusion, HFCS-55 supplementation resulted in similar hepatic glycogen deposition rates. Indirect pathway contributions shifted from Krebs cycle to Triose-P sources reflecting HFCS-55-fructose utilization, while HFCS-55-glucose was incorporated almost exclusively by the direct pathway.
The value of multiparameter 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiating retroperitoneal paragangliomas from unicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Zhu Zhaohui , Huo Li , Cheng Wuying , Li Fang
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of multiple parameters retrieved from the FDG PET/CT studies, including SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG, tumour size in differentiating retroperitoneal paragangliomas from UCD. 28 patients with solitary retroperitoneal masses who had undergone preoperative18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively evaluated. Histopathology by surgical resection confirmed 17 paragangliomas and 11 UCDs. SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG, and tumour size of18F-FDG PET/CT were measured for each patient. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in multiple parameters between paragangliomas and UCDs. The ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the differential diagnostic value of these parameters. Paragangliomas presented significantly higher SUVmax (P < 0.001), SUVmean (P = 0.001), SUVpeak (P < 0.001), and TLG (P = 0.024) than UCDs, whereas no significant difference was observed in MTV. The AUCs for differentiating paragangliomas and UCDs were 0.920, 0.888, 0.909, and 0.765 for SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and TLG, respectively. The SUVmax cut-off of 7.75 yielded 82.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting paragangliomas. This study indicated that18F FDG PET/CT-derived multiple metabolic parameters are useful in distinguishing between paragangliomas and UCDs. SUVmax showed the best result for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases among multiple metabolic parameters.
Author Correction: Fish proliferation and rare-earth deposition by topographically induced upwelling at the late Eocene cooling event
Authors: Ohta Junichiro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Nozaki Tatsuo , Takaya Yutaro , Mimura Kazuhide , Fujinaga Koichiro , Nakamura Kentaro , Usui Yoichi , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A novel predictive score for citrate accumulation among patients receiving artificial liver support system therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation
Authors: Ma Yuanji , Chen Fang , Liu Changhai , Xu Yan , Wang Ming , Zhou Taoyou , Lei Xuezhong , Feng Ping , Bai Lang , Tang Hong
Published: July 2020

Patients with liver failure may suffer citrate accumulation when using regional citrate anticoagulation for artificial liver support system therapy (RCA-ALSS therapy). This study aimed to develop a predictive scoring system to stratify the risk of citrate accumulation. A total of 338 patients treated with RCA-ALSS therapy were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Longer duration of citrate accumulation (LDCA) was defined as the presence of citrate accumulation 2 h after RCA-ALSS therapy. Four baseline variables were found to be independently associated with LDCA: gender, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and serum chloride. A predictive R-CA model and its simplified R-CA score were developed. The R-CA model (AUROC = 0.848) was found to be superior to the MELD score (AUROC = 0.725; p = 0.022) and other univariate predictors (AUROCs < 0.700; all p ≤ 0.001) in predicting LDCA. The R-CA score (AUROC = 0.803) was as capable as the R-CA model (p = 0.369) and the MELD score (p = 0.174), and was superior to other univariate predictors (all p < 0.05) in predicting LDCA. An R-CA score of 0–2 had a negative predictive value of 90.2% for LDCA. Our R-CA score reliably predicts LDCA in patients with RCA-ALSS therapy, and it is easy to use. Patients with R-CA score of 0–2 can safely receive RCA-ALSS therapy, while others should be carefully evaluated before treatment.

Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000029179. Registered 17 January 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48084.
Attentional control moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and selective attention to pain faces on the antisaccade task
Authors: Ranjbar Seyran , Mazidi Mahdi , Sharpe Louise , Dehghani Mohsen , Khatibi Ali
Published: July 2020

Cognitive models of chronic pain emphasize the critical role of pain catastrophizing in attentional bias to pain-related stimuli. The aim of this study was (a) to investigate the relationship between pain catastrophizing and the ability to inhibit selective attention to pain-related faces (attentional bias); and (b) to determine whether attentional control moderated this relationship. One hundred and ten pain-free participants completed the anti-saccade task with dynamic facial expressions, specifically painful, angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions and questionnaires including a measure of pain catastrophizing. As predicted, participants with high pain catastrophizing had significantly higher error rates for antisaccade trials with pain faces relative to other facial expressions, indicating a difficulty disinhibiting attention towards painful faces. In moderation analyses, data showed that attentional control moderated the relationship between attentional bias to pain faces and pain catastrophizing. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that it was shifting attention (not focusing) that accounted for this effect. Only for those with high self-reported ability to shift attention was there a significant relationship between catastrophizing and attentional bias to pain. These findings confirm that attentional control is necessary for an association between attentional bias and catastrophizing to be observed, which may explain the lack of relationships between attentional bias and individual characteristics, such as catastrophizing, in prior research.
Interactions between the imperiled West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA
Authors: Reeves Lawrence E. , Gillett-Kaufman Jennifer L.
Published: July 2020

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), including those vectored by mosquitoes, have recently been cited as potential emerging health threats to marine mammals. Despite the fully aquatic habits of cetaceans, immunologic exposure to arboviruses including West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus has been detected in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, and captive orcas have been killed by West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Currently, there is no evidence of direct interactions between mosquitoes and marine mammals in nature, and it remains unknown how wild cetaceans are exposed to mosquito-vectored pathogens. Here, we report the first evidence of direct interactions between an aquatic mammal, the West Indian manatee, a federally threatened species, and mosquitoes in nature. Observations of manatees in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, indicate that mosquitoes of three genera, Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex are able to locate and land on surface-active manatees, and at minimum, penetrate and probe manatee epidermis with their mouthparts. Whether mosquitoes can successfully take a blood meal is not known; however, an arbovirus-infected mosquito can inoculate extravascular host tissues with virus-infected saliva during probing. These observations suggest that it is possible for marine mammals to be exposed to mosquito-vectored pathogens through direct interactions with mosquitoes.
Atomistic simulations of the aggregation of small aromatic molecules in homogenous and heterogenous mixtures
Authors: Thomas Michael , Suarez-Martinez Irene , Yu Li-Juan , Karton Amir , Chandler Graham S. , Robinson Marc , Cherchneff Isabelle , Talbi Dahbia , Spagnoli Dino
Published: July 2020

We describe a mechanism and structural analysis for cosmic dust grain seed formation around carbon-rich starsviapolyaromatic hydrocarbon aggregation using computer simulations.
Thermomechanical properties of zero thermal expansion materials from theory and experiments
Authors: Erlebach Andreas , Thieme Christian , Müller Carolin , Hoffmann Stefan , Höche Thomas , Rüssel Christian , Sierka Marek
Published: July 2020

The origin and compositional dependence of the anisotropic thermomechanical properties of silicate-based zero thermal expansion materials are elucidated by theory and experiments.
NiO-decorated graphitic carbon nitride toward electrocatalytic hydrogen production from ethanol
Authors: Chebanenko M. I. , Lobinsky A. A. , Nevedomskiy V. N. , Popkov V. I.
Published: July 2020

In this study, exfoliated g-C3N4/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized by the heat treatment of urea and subsequent ultrasonic exfoliation of the colloidal solution with the introduction of nickel acetate.
Inverse “guest–host” effect: ferroelectric nanoparticles mediated switching of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Garbovskiy Y. , Emelyanenko A.V. , Glushchenko A.
Published: July 2020

We report an inverse guest–host effect: Ferroelectric nanoparticles (a guest) can fully control orientational transitions in a liquid crystal host.
Decomplexation as a rate limitation in the thiol-Michael addition of N-acrylamides
Authors: Brown Joseph S. , Ruttinger Andrew W. , Vaidya Akash J. , Alabi Christopher A. , Clancy Paulette
Published: July 2020

Experimental and computational agreement highlights rate-limiting “product decomplexation” and functional group effects in the thiol-Michael addition, utilized for sequence-defined oligomers.
Highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of secodolastane diterpenoid isolinearol
Authors: Kobayashi Toyoharu , Tomita Yui , Kawamoto Yuichiro , Ito Hisanaka
Published: July 2020

The first total synthesis of the secodolastane diterpenoid isolinearol in both racemic and enantioenriched forms has been achieved with high stereoselectively.
Architecture transition of supramolecular polymers through hierarchical self-assembly: from supramolecular polymers to fluorescent materials
Authors: Li Riqiang , Chen Wenzhuo , Yang Ying , Li Hui , Xu Fenfen , Duan Zhaozhao , Liang Tongxiang , Wen Herui , Tian Wei
Published: July 2020

A new supramolecular crosslinked polymer and a gel with excellent self-repairing capability were prepared by double host–guest interactions.
The preparation of a difunctional porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold with excellent compressive strength and antibacterial properties
Authors: Qin Long , Yi Jiang , Xuefei Lai , Li Liao , Kenan Xie , Lu Xie
Published: July 2020

Silver nanoparticles and HAp particles were orderly coated on the surface of G-β-TCP scaffold. So the composite had good compression strength and antibacterial property.
Through bond energy transfer (TBET)-operated fluoride ion sensing via spirolactam ring opening of a coumarin–fluorescein bichromophoric dyad
Authors: Padhan Subrata Kumar , Mishra Vipin Kumar , Murmu Narayan , Mishra Sabyashachi , Sahu Satya Narayan
Published: July 2020

A coumarin–fluorescein based bichromophoric dyad detects fluoride ions in parts per billion concentration level via a TBET emission signal at 548 nm with a diagnostic bright yellow fluorescence.
Metal–ligand cooperativity in the soluble hydrogenase-1 fromPyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Vansuch Gregory E. , Wu Chang-Hao , Haja Dominik K. , Blair Soshawn A. , Chica Bryant , Johnson Michael K. , Adams Michael W. W. , Dyer R. Brian
Published: July 2020

Metal–ligand cooperativity is an essential feature of bioinorganic catalysis.
Increasing protein stability by engineering the n → π* interaction at the β-turn
Authors: Khatri Bhavesh , Majumder Puja , Nagesh Jayashree , Penmatsa Aravind , Chatterjee Jayanta
Published: July 2020

Amino acid residues adopt a right-handed α-helical conformation with increasing strength of the n → π* interaction. We also demonstrate a direct consequence of n → π* interactions on enhancing the structural stability of proteins.
Synthetic studies toward longeracemine: a SmI2-mediated spirocyclization and rearrangement cascade to construct the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework
Authors: Komine Keita , Lambert Kyle M. , Savage Quentin R. , Cox Joshua B. , Wood John L.
Published: July 2020

A synthetic intermediate containing the core of longeracemine, that is functionally poised for conversion to the natural product, has been efficiently prepared by employing a stereoselective SmI2-mediated cascade reaction.
Formation of peptide-based oligomers in dimethylsulfoxide: identifying the precursor of fibril formation
Authors: Levine Matthew S. , Ghosh Moumita , Hesser Morgan , Hennessy Nathan , DiGuiseppi David M. , Adler-Abramovich Lihi , Schweitzer-Stenner Reinhard
Published: July 2020

The aromatic dipeptide fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-di-phenylalanine (FmocFF) self-assembles into amorphous oligomers and fibrils.
Hierarchical assembly of smectic liquid crystal defects at undulated interfaces
Authors: Preusse Ryan S. , George Elizabeth R. , Aghvami S. Ali , Otchy Timothy M. , Gharbi Mohamed Amine
Published: July 2020

Effect of surface topography in the creation of disclinations and the assembly of defects in a smectic A liquid crystal.
Bipedal microwalkers actuated by oscillating magnetic fields
Authors: He Yuanzhe , Dong Shengwei , Wang Lefeng , Rong Weibin , Sun Lining
Published: July 2020

This work reports a bipedal microwalker capable of standing and walking like humans regulated by oscillating magnetic fields. The microwalker is of interest in fundamental robotic gait research and for micromanipulation applications.
Understanding additive controlled lithium morphology in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Kasse Robert M. , Geise Natalie R. , Ko Jesse S. , Nelson Weker Johanna , Steinrück Hans-Georg , Toney Michael F.
Published: July 2020

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying control of electrodeposited lithium metal morphology using electrolyte additives in lithium metal batteries.
Unveiling the critical role of the Mn dopant in a NiFe(OH)2 catalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Chuan-Qi , Kuai Chun-Guang , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Zheng Xue-Li , Sainio Sami , Lin Feng , Dong Cun-Ku , Nordlund Dennis , Du Xi-Wen
Published: July 2020

Mn doping in NiFe layered double hydroxide causes hybridization between Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals which facilitates the formation of active Ni(iv) sites and improves OER performance.
The postsynthetic anion exchange of CsPbI3 nanocrystals for photoluminescence tuning and enhanced quantum efficiency
Authors: Bao Xuyuan , Li Mingze , Zhao Jing , Xia Zhiguo
Published: July 2020

We propose a postsynthetic anion exchange method via ZnBr2 addition to enhance photoluminescence quantum yield and stability of CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals.
Design and evaluation of a large‐scale magnetically navigated robot scheduling system
Authors: Yue Zeng , Xiaoming Li
Published: July 2020

Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) systems are widely used, and their importance for material handling is expected to grow rapidly. The advantages that such systems can offer include increased flexibility, better space utilisation, improved factory floor safety, reduction in overall operating costs, and easy interfacing with other automated systems. In this study, the authors design a hardware environment, software environment and an optimised evaluation model for large‐scale AGV scheduling systems. This magnetic navigation AGV system scheduling method can be used for production workshops and warehouses, and between production workshops and warehouses, and it improves the efficiency and output of production logistics, reduces the burden of staff and saves on enterprise costs.
Fault diagnosis method for attached lifting scaffold based on support vector machine
Authors: Luo Shaoxuan , Qiao Aimin , Tang Qingguo
Published: July 2020

When the attached lifting scaffold fails in the process of high‐altitude lifting operation, it mainly relies on instrument alarm and operator's experience to make simple judgment and treatment, which has great potential safety hazards and accident risks. In this study, a fault diagnosis method of scaffolding jamming based on improved particle swarm optimisation least squares‐support vector machine (LS‐SVM) is proposed, which can automatically diagnose the cause of the fault. The experimental results on construction site show that the method can accurately judge the overall overload, specific position overload, overall under‐load, local deformation and displacement asynchronism faults occurring during the operation of scaffolding, and has higher diagnostic accuracy than the methods of back propagation neural network and standard SVM. It is significant to improve the safety level and operation efficiency of attached scaffolding.
Learning a unified tracking‐and‐detection framework with distractor‐aware constraint for visual object tracking
Authors: Fang Yang , Ko Seunghyun , Jo Geun‐Sik
Published: July 2020

Most of the correlation filter (CF)‐based trackers utilise the circulant structure of the training samples to learn discriminative filters to identify the tracked target, which has shown excellent performance in terms of both tracking accuracy and speed. However, CF‐based trackers possess two potential drawbacks: the search regions are limited to the small local neighbourhood for the high‐speed tracking purpose; thus, they usually have very few context information and tend to drift from a target in extreme attributes, e.g. background clutter, large‐scale variation, and fast motion. Another is that once the tracking target is lost under large displacement motion, it cannot be re‐identified in subsequent frames. In this study, the authors propose a unified tracking‐and‐detection framework with distractor‐aware (UTDF‐DA), which involves both context learning and target re‐identification with a target‐aware detector to solve the drawbacks mentioned above. They first incorporate the distractor constraint as context knowledge into a continuous correlation filter for distractor‐aware filter learning. Then a single‐shot multibox detector‐based target‐aware detector is trained by domain‐specific meta‐training approach for deep detection features and hard‐negative samples generation. Moreover, they propose the spatial‐scale consistency verification method for the target re‐identification task. Compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art trackers, UTDF‐DA (the authors’) tracker can achieve improved tracking performance in terms of both accuracy and robustness; they demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency with comprehensive experiments on OTB‐2015, VOT‐2016, and VOT‐2017 benchmarks.
Impact of the measured parameters of exoplanets on the inferred internal structure
Authors: Otegi J. F. , Dorn C. , Helled R. , Bouchy F. , Haldemann J. , Alibert Y.
Published: July 2020

Context. Exoplanet characterization is one of the main foci of current exoplanetary science. For super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, we mostly rely on mass and radius measurements, which allow us to derive the mean density of the body and give a rough estimate of the bulk composition of the planet. However, the determination of planetary interiors is a very challenging task. In addition to the uncertainty in the observed fundamental parameters, theoretical models are limited owing to the degeneracy in determining the planetary composition.

Aims. We aim to study several aspects that affect the internal characterization of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes: observational uncertainties, location on the M–R diagram, impact of additional constraints such as bulk abundances or irradiation, and model assumptions.

Methods. We used a full probabilistic Bayesian inference analysis that accounts for observational and model uncertainties. We employed a nested sampling scheme to efficiently produce the posterior probability distributions for all the planetary structural parameter of interest. We included a structural model based on self-consistent thermodynamics of core, mantle, high-pressure ice, liquid water, and H–He envelope.

Results. Regarding the effect of mass and radius uncertainties on the determination of the internal structure, we find three different regimes: below the Earth-like composition line and above the pure-water composition line smaller observational uncertainties lead to better determination of the core and atmosphere mass, respectively; and between these regimes internal structure characterization only weakly depends on the observational uncertainties. We also find that using the stellar Fe/Si and Mg/Si abundances as a proxy for the bulk planetary abundances does not always provide additional constraints on the internal structure. Finally we show that small variations in the temperature or entropy profiles lead to radius variations that are comparable to the observational uncertainty. This suggests that uncertainties linked to model assumptions can eventually become more relevant to determine the internal structure than observational uncertainties.
Mid-term Scenario Generation for Wind Power Using GAN with Temporal-correlation Enhancement Block
Authors: Ma Yupu , Ma Ming , Wang Ningbo , Qiao Ying
Published: July 2020

Under the background of increasing renewable energy penetration and rigid demand for midterm generation planning, the accurate expression of wind power uncertainty becomes more and more important. Firstly, this paper analyses the problem of scenario generation models based on traditional Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN), point that the fluctuation of scenarios that it generated usually deviates greatly from the real one. And further proposes a convolutional structure, that called Temporal-correlation Enhancement block (TE block), which can solve the aforementioned problem by enhance the temporal correlation perception ability of convolutional layers. Then, the problems of traditional conditional Wasserstein GAN-Gradient Penalty(WGAN-GP) in mid-scale scenario generation are discussed, and a conditional WGAN-GP scenario generation model that is suitable for mid-term scenario generation is presented. This model-free non-parametric model can generate a large number of realistic wind scenarios efficiently according to the given conditions. In order to validation, we use the data collected in a province in northern China to train the model in the Case Study part, and compare it with the traditional model. Result shows the fluctuation distribution deviation problem is improved obviously on the model with TE block, and in the comparison of auto-correlation coefficient, the proposed model also outperform the traditional model. This verifies the superiority of the proposed model in temporal expression ability compared with the traditional model, as well as the feasibility of the mid-term wind scenario generation.
Power System Load Forecasting Method Based on Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Pang Chuanjun , Bao Tie , He Lei
Published: July 2020

Power system load forecasting plays an important role in the power dispatching operation. The development of the electricity market and the increasing integration of distributed generators have increased the complexity of power consumption model and put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and stability of load forecasting. A load forecasting method based on long-short term memory (LSTM) is proposed. This method uses deep recurrent neural network from the artificial intelligence field to establish a load forecasting model. Using the LSTM network to memorize the long-term dependence of the sequence data, the intrinsic variation of the load itself is identified from both the horizontal and vertical dimensions within a longer historical time period, while considering various influencing factors. Actual load data is used to verify the forecasting performance of different historical date windows and different network architectures.
A time-of-use based electricity price package mechanism in retail market considering consumers’ diversity
Authors: Luo Gang , He Yujun , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xuan , Lin Shaohua , Zhao Yue , Cai Yuanji
Published: July 2020

In the deregulated retail market, consumers should have more right of choice for paying for their energy demand. This paper focuses on the design of electricity price package mechanism in retail market considering the demand elasticity of consumers. An optimal price package mechanism is proposed to incentivize consumers for peak-clipping/valley-filling. Consumers are able to choose the appropriate one from a set of price packages, each of which consists of specific time-of-use energy price and maximum-demand price. A numerical case study has shown the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Modeling study of ground source heat pump system based on the dynamic load of underground engineering
Authors: Li Jintian , Ji Yunzhe , Wang Bo , Xie Ling
Published: July 2020

The load properties of underground engineering have an important influence on operating characteristics of ground source heat pump system. It has important reference value for design and operation management that Simulation analyzing operating conditions of ground source heat pump system under dynamic load conditions. It took an underground engineering as an example for dynamic load calculation in the paper, and simulated operating characteristics of ground source heat pump system under three operating conditions. The calculation results show that the engineering maintenance and management period is conducive to the recovery of soil temperature, and it improves the COP value of the unit. Some measures should be taken to restore soil temperature for long-term continuous operation of underground engineering. The use of heat recovery to make domestic hot water can relieve the problem of soil thermal imbalance to some extent. It is beneficial to improve heat pump unit performance.
Juristische Risiken von Fernbehandlungen
Authors: Krüger M.
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag nimmt sich der im Mai 2018 erfolgten Lockerung des Fernbehandlungsverbots im ärztlichen Berufs- und Standesrecht an. Dabei kann es selbstverständlich bloß um einen (kursorischen) Überblick gehen, der nicht davon befreit, im Einzelfall weiteren Rechtsrat von juristisch kompetenten Personen bzw. Institutionen einholen zu müssen. Im Übrigen ist zu beachten, dass kammerspezifische Besonderheiten in den folgenden Überlegungen außen vor bleiben müssen. Sie gehen vielmehr vom Regelfall aus, dass sich die für den konkreten Arzt jeweils verbindliche Berufsordnung der zuständigen (Landes-)Ärztekammer, soweit es Fernbehandlungen betrifft, entweder im Wortlaut oder aber wenigstens in der Sache an der Musterberufsordnung orientiert. Im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen stehen wiederum haftungsrechtliche Aspekte, die (Haut-)Ärzte vielleicht mehr umtreiben als schnöde Abrechnungsfragen, die man bei Fernbehandlungen aber selbstverständlich nicht völlig aus dem Blick verlieren darf, wenn man sie abrechnen will.
Lungensonografie bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf COVID-19 – Schritt-für-Schritt
Authors: Schmid Bonaventura , Hornuß Daniel , Feuerstein Doreen , Schultheiß Michael , Damjanovic Domagoj
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary sonography can be a valuable aid in the differential diagnosis of a variety of cardiopulmonary diseases, including patients with COVID-19. Pulmonary sonography is an examination method that is also quickly available at the bedside without additional risks for the patient. When COVID-19 is suspected, lung sonography is a valuable component of initial diagnosis when used systematically, performed hygienically and correctly. However, the findings of pulmonary sonography must be placed in the clinical context; sonography does not replace the gold standard of PCR diagnosis. The article shows how this sonography is performed and which findings in COVID-19 are relevant.
Struma juvenilis: Krankheit oder Scheindiagnose?
Authors: Gärtner Roland
Published: July 2020

Nach WHO-Kriterien weisen 58,2% der Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland einen Jodmangel auf. Dieser führt zu einer Vergrößerung der Schilddrüse. Neben der Struma ist unter Jodmangel auch die Bildung von Knoten begünstigt, die bei Kindern häufiger maligne sind, als bei Erwachsenen. Deshalb ist eine Jodsubstitution nach Empfehlung der Fachgesellschaften mindestens bis zur Pubertät angeraten. Studien zeigen auch, dass Knotenstrumen bei Jodmangel häufig kombiniert mit einer niedrigen Selenzufuhr entstehen. In der Prävention und Therapie der juvenilen Struma scheint daher eine adäquate Selenversorgung eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Diese erweist sich auch bei der Therapie und Prävention einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis (AIT) als sinnvoll, die ebenfalls eine Ursache der kindlichen Struma sein kann.
Chronischer Schmerz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Ahnert Rosemarie
Published: July 2020

Chronischer Schmerz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist ein unterschätztes Thema. Die Prävalenz ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten gestiegen. Von großer Bedeutung ist nicht nur die Stärke des Schmerzes, sondern die gefühlte Beeinträchtigung durch den Schmerz. Entscheidend für das Ausmaß des Leidens sind schmerzbezogene Überzeugungen, Resilienzfaktoren und das damit verbundene Verhalten und Einschränkungen. Diese betreffen häufig das Vermeiden von Sozialkontakten, aber auch das Auftreten weiterer Beschwerden wie Schlafstörungen, Appetitverlust, Konzentrationsschwierigkeiten, die weitreichende Folgen haben können für die weitere Entwicklung in allen Bereichen des Lebens. In der Therapie ist immer eine individuelle Betrachtung des jeweiligen Falles notwendig.

Zur Behandlung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hat sich die multimodale Schmerztherapie als wirksam erwiesen. Die Autorin stellt anhand dreier Fälle aus der Praxis die Komplexität des chronischen Schmerzes vor sowie das Vorgehen in der multimodalen Schmerztherapie.
Skoliosetherapie in der Pubertät
Authors: Güttinger Kathrin , Rosmann-Reif Karin
Published: July 2020

Skoliose ist in 80% der Fälle idiopathisch bedingt und tritt vor Einsetzen der knöchernen Skelettreife auf. In der Zeit der Pubertät ist die Therapie der Skoliose besonders wichtig, um ihre Progredienz aufzuhalten. Allerdings ist es oft nicht leicht, die Patienten für die langwierige Therapie zu motivieren. Für eine gute Compliance ist es wichtig, dass die immer an die Ressourcen und Lebensumstände der Patienten angepasst ist. Zudem sollte das Behandlungsteam aus Physiotherapeuten, Ärzten und ggf. Orthopädietechnikern eng zusammenarbeiten, damit alle Informationen aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Die Schroth-Therapie ist die am weitesten verbreitete Skoliosetherapie.
Wenn Wachsen wehtut – Wachstumsschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Herz Mona
Published: July 2020

Wachstumsschmerzen sind Missempfindungen oder Schmerzen, die Kinder und Jugendliche meist in Waden, Kniekehlen, Schienbeinen oder der Vorderseite der Oberschenkel beschreiben. Sie treten als Ruheschmerzen auf. Die Ursachen sind nicht eindeutig geklärt, die Diagnosestellung erfolgt durch Differenzialdiagnostik.

Wachstumsschmerzen sind harmlos, können aber trotzdem belastend sein. Eine ursächliche Therapie existiert nicht. Massagen, Wärme- oder Kälteanwendungen lindern. Analgetika sollten nur bei sehr starken Schmerzen geben. Besonders wichtig sind Nähe und Zuneigung der Eltern.
Ultrasound 2020 – Diagnostics & Therapy: On the Way to Multimodal Ultrasound: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), Microvascular Doppler Techniques, Fusion Imaging, Sonoelastography, Interventional Sonography
Authors: Kloth Christopher , Kratzer Wolfgang , Schmidberger Julian , Beer Meinrad , Clevert Dirk Andre , Graeter Tilmann
Published: July 2020

Background Ultrasound as a non-ionizing imaging procedure is one of the most important diagnostic procedures in everyday clinical practice. The technology is widely used. Due to constant technical innovations, sonographic procedures, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), sonoelastography, new microvascular Doppler modalities and, as an example of interventional procedures, sonographically controlled microwave ablation (MWA), are becoming increasingly important in diagnostic imaging and interventional medicine alongside CT and MRI. However, this also requires greater expertise, specialization and qualification on the part of users.

Method This review article provides information about the range of technical innovations in ultrasound in recent years and describes the underlying technology, the clinical applications, and their diagnostic value. These are presented in the context of the current literature, explaining their advantages and disadvantages and their clinical value.

Results and Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), microvascular Doppler modalities, fusion imaging and elastography complement B-scan ultrasound and conventional Doppler procedures for various problems. Microwave ablation (MWA) has a firm place as an ablative procedure for local tumor therapy in different organ systems and can be performed under ultrasound guidance. Thanks to new developments, the possibilities of ultrasound are now greater than ever. Knowledge of the technology, indications, and possible applications of newer procedures is essential for adequate patient care.

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