bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma complement component C2: a potential biomarker for predicting abdominal aortic aneurysm related complications
Authors: Feridooni Tiam , Zamzam Abdelrahman , Popkov Mariya , Syed Muzammil H. , Djahanpour Niousha , Wheatcroft Mark , Abdin Rawand , Qadura Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Blood-based adjunctive measures that can reliably predict abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-related complications hold promise for mitigating the AAA disease burden. In this pilot study, we sought to evaluate the prognostic performance of complement factors in predicting AAA-related clinical outcomes. We recruited consecutive AAA patients (n = 75) and non-AAA patients (n = 75) presenting to St. Michael’s Hospital. Plasma levels of complement proteins were assessed at baseline, as well as prospectively measured regularly over a period of 2 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of rapidly progressing AAA (i.e. aortic expansion), defined as change in AAA diameter by either 0.5 cm in 6 months, or 1 cm in 12 months. Secondary outcomes included incidence of major adverse aortic events (MAAE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). All study outcomes (AAA diameter, MACE and MAAE) were obtained during follow-up. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of plasma C2 levels in patients with AAA regarding rapid aortic expansion and MAAE and MACE. Event-free survival rates of both groups were also compared. Compared to non-AAA patients, patients with AAA demonstrated significantly higher plasma concentrations of C1q, C4, Factor B, Factor H and Factor D, and significantly lower plasma concentrations of C2, C3, and C4b (p = 0.001). After a median of 24 months from initial baseline measurements, C2 was determined as the strongest predictor of rapid aortic expansion (HR 0.10,p = 0.040), MAAE (HR 0.09,p = 0.001) and MACE (HR 0.14,p = 0.011). Based on the data from the survival analysis, higher levels of C2 at admission in patients with AAA predicted greater risk for rapid aortic expansion and MAAE (not MACE). Plasma C2 has the potential to be a biomarker for predicting rapid aortic expansion, MAAE, and the eventual need for an aortic intervention in AAA patients.
Long-term durability of immune responses to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines based on dosage, age and sex
Authors: Korosec Chapin S. , Farhang-Sardroodi Suzan , Dick David W. , Gholami Sameneh , Ghaemi Mohammad Sajjad , Moyles Iain R. , Craig Morgan , Ooi Hsu Kiang , Heffernan Jane M.
Published: December 2022

The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are a widely adopted multi vaccination public health strategy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical trial data has described the immunogenicity of the vaccine, albeit within a limited study time frame. Here, we use a within-host mathematical model for LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines, informed by available clinical trial data from 2020 to September 2021, to project a longer term understanding of immunity as a function of vaccine type, dosage amount, age, and sex. We estimate that two standard doses of either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2, with dosage times separated by the company-mandated intervals, results in individuals losing more than 99% humoral immunity relative to peak immunity by 8 months following the second dose. We predict that within an 8 month period following dose two (corresponding to the original CDC time-frame for administration of a third dose), there exists a period of time longer than 1 month where an individual has lost more than 99% humoral immunity relative to peak immunity, regardless of which vaccine was administered. We further find that age has a strong influence in maintaining humoral immunity; by 8 months following dose two we predict that individuals aged 18–55 have a four-fold humoral advantage compared to aged 56–70 and 70+ individuals. We find that sex has little effect on the immune response and long-term IgG counts. Finally, we find that humoral immunity generated from two low doses of mRNA-1273 decays at a substantially slower rate relative to peak immunity gained compared to two standard doses of either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2. Our predictions highlight the importance of the recommended third booster dose in order to maintain elevated levels of antibodies.
Crash severity analysis and risk factors identification based on an alternate data source: a case study of developing country
Authors: Bhuiyan Hanif , Ara Jinat , Hasib Khan Md. , Sourav Md Imran Hossain , Karim Faria Benta , Sik-Lanyi Cecilia , Governatori Guido , Rakotonirainy Andry , Yasmin Shamsunnahar
Published: December 2022

Road traffic injuries are one of the primary reasons for death, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Safety in land transport is one of the major concerns for road safety authorities and other policymakers. For this reason, contributory factors identification associated with crashes is necessary for reducing road crashes and ensuring transportation safety. This paper presents an analytical approach to identifying significant contributing factors of Bangladesh road crashes by evaluating the road crash data, considering three different severity levels (non-fetal, severe, and extremely severe). Generally, official crash databases are compiled from police-reported crash records. Though the official datasets are focusing on compiling a wide array of attributes, an assorted number of unreported issues can be observed that demands an alternative source of crash data. Therefore, this proposed approach considers compiling crash data from newspapers in Bangladesh which could be complimentary to the official crash database. To conduct the analysis, first, we filtered the useful features from compiled crash data using three popular feature selection techniques: chi-square, Two-way ANOVA, and Regression analysis. Then, we employed three machine learning classifiers: Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes over the extracted features. A confusion matrix was considered to evaluate the proposed model, including classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The predictive machine learning model, namely, Random Forest using Label Encoder with chi-square and Two-way ANOVA feature selection process, seems the best option for crash severity prediction that provides high prediction accuracy. The resulting model highlights nine out of fourteen independent features as responsible factors. Significant features associated with crash severities include driver characteristics (gender, license type, seat belts), vehicle characteristics (vehicle type), road characteristics (road surface type, road classification), environmental conditions (day of crash occurred, time of crash), and injury localization. This outcome may contribute to improving traffic safety of Bangladesh.
Biomechanical traits of salt marsh vegetation are insensitive to future climate scenarios
Authors: Paul Maike , Bischoff Christina , Koop-Jakobsen Ketil
Published: December 2022

Salt marshes provide wave and flow attenuation, making them attractive for coastal protection. It is necessary to predict their coastal protection capacity in the future, when climate change will increase hydrodynamic forcing and environmental parameters such as water temperature and CO2content. We exposed the European salt marsh speciesSpartina anglicaandElymus athericusto enhanced water temperature (+ 3°) and CO2(800 ppm) levels in a mesocosm experiment for 13 weeks in a full factorial design. Afterwards, the effect on biomechanic vegetation traits was assessed. These traits affect the interaction of vegetation with hydrodynamic forcing, forming the basis for wave and flow attenuation.Elymus athericusdid not respond to any of the treatments suggesting that it is insensitive to such future climate changes.Spartina anglicashowed an increase in diameter and flexural rigidity, while Young’s bending modulus and breaking force did not differ between treatments. Despite some differences between the future climate scenario and present conditions, all values lie within the natural trait ranges for the two species. Consequently, this mesocosm study suggests that the capacity of salt marshes to provide coastal protection is likely to remain constantly high and will only be affected by future changes in hydrodynamic forcing.
Experimental and constitutive model study on the mechanical properties of a structural plane of a rock mass under dynamic disturbance
Authors: Yu Yongjiang , Yang Yuntao , Liu Jingjing , Wang Pengbo , Zhang Shipeng , Wang Zhenmeng , Zhao Shangqing
Published: December 2022

An accurate description of the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of a structural plane of a rock mass with a large chamber or slope under the ultimate stress with periodic stress disturbances is of great significance to ensure the stability and safety of underground rock engineering. By theoretically analysing the strength effect of a structural plane of a rock mass under dynamic disturbance, a criterion for the occurrence of shear damage on a structural plane of a compressed rock mass under dynamic disturbance is proposed. The results of the cyclic disturbance kinetic test show that there is a disturbance threshold for the shear failure of the structural plane under different disturbance stresses. When the disturbance stress is lower than the disturbance threshold, the cumulative plastic strain stabilizes with an increasing number of cycles; when the disturbance stress is higher than the disturbance threshold, an S-shaped curve of cumulative plastic strain versus the number of cycles is observed, revealing the progressive damage process and mechanism of such a rock structure plane under periodic dynamic disturbance. Based on perturbation concept theory, the relationship between the accumulated plastic strain and the number of cyclic loadings is similar to the relationship between strain and time, the creep curve. A new nonlinear viscous element is proposed, and the nonlinear element and the deformation element considering structural plane closure and sliding are combined with the Burgers model to form an 8-element nonlinear viscoelastic‒plastic creep constitutive model. Using the global optimization algorithm of 1stOpt, model validation and parameter identification are performed on the experimental data, and the results show that the model curve has a very good agreement with the experimental data. The model can accurately reflect the deformation characteristics of a structural plane of a rock mass under periodic dynamic disturbance. These research results provide a new idea for analysing disturbance-induced geohazards.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of school-based, peer-led interventions for leaders
Authors: Wade Levi , Leahy Angus A. , Babic Mark J. , Beauchamp Mark R. , Smith Jordan J. , Kennedy Sarah G. , Boyer James , Nathan Nicole , Robinson Katie , Lubans David R.
Published: December 2022

The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively synthesise the effects of school-based peer-led interventions on leaders’ academic, psychosocial, behavioural, and physical outcomes. Eligible studies were those that: (i) evaluated a school-based peer-led intervention using an experimental or quasi-experimental study design, (ii) included an age-matched control or comparison group, and (iii) evaluated the impact of the intervention on one or more leader outcomes. Medline, Sportdiscus, Psychinfo, Embase, and Scopus online databases were searched on the 24th of October, 2022 which yielded 13,572 results, with 31 included in the narrative synthesis and 12 in the meta-analysis. We found large positive effects for leaders’ attitudes toward bullying (d = 1.02), small-to-medium positive effects for leaders’ literacy (d = 0.39), and small positive effects for leaders’ self-esteem (d = 0.18). There were mixed findings for behavioural outcomes and null effects for physical outcomes. Notable limitations of this research are the inclusion of a relatively small number of studies, and high heterogeneity in those included. Our findings have the potential to inform educational practice, but also highlight the need for further research examining the mechanisms that might account for the observed effects. Our systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273129).
Enhance the performance of photovoltaic solar panels by a self-cleaning and hydrophobic nanocoating
Authors: Tayel Samir Ahmed , Abu El-Maaty Ashour Eid , Mostafa Eman Mohamed , Elsaadawi Youssef Fayez
Published: December 2022

The photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are negatively impacted by dust accumulation. The variance in dust density from point to point raises the risk of forming hot spots. Therefore, a prepared PDMS/SiO2 nanocoating was used to reduce the accumulated dust on the PV panels' surface. However, the effectiveness of these coatings is greatly influenced by geographical and climatic factors. Three identical PV modules were installed to run comparable experimental tests simultaneously. The first module is coated with the prepared PDMS/SiO2 nanocoating, the second is coated with commercial nanocoating, and the third module is uncoated and serves as a reference. The prepared nanocoating was hydrophobic and had a self-cleaning effect. The fill factors for the reference panel (RP), commercial-nanocoated panel (CNP), and prepared-nanocoated panel (PNP), were 0.68, 0.69, and 0.7, respectively. After 40 days of exposure to outdoor conditions, the dust densities on the RP and PNP panels' surfaces were 10 and 4.39 g/m2, respectively. Thus, the nanocoated panel's efficiency was found to be higher than that of the reference panel by 30.7%.
Co-seeding grasses and forbs supports restoration of species-rich grasslands and improves weed control in ex-arable land
Authors: Kiss Réka , Deák Balázs , Tóth Katalin , Lukács Katalin , Rádai Zoltán , Kelemen András , Miglécz Tamás , Tóth Ágnes , Godó Laura , Valkó Orsolya
Published: December 2022

Sowing is widely used for the restoration of species-rich grasslands but still there are knowledge gaps regarding the most suitable application of different seed mixtures. We tested the effect of seed mixtures application timing on the establishment of sown forbs and weed control. 36 experimental plots with nine sowing treatments were established in an abandoned cropland in Hungary. Grass-seeds, diverse forb seed mixture and the combination of the two were applied: diverse forb mixture was sown simultaneously or 1, 2 or 3 years after grass sowing, in plots sown previously with grass or in empty plots (fallows). All sowing treatments supported the rapid establishment of the sown species in large cover and hampered weed encroachment. Forbs performed better when sown into fallows than in grass-matrix and forbs establishment was worse in older fallows than in younger ones. Grasses expressed a strong priority effect, especially when forbs were sown at least two years later than grasses. We also investigated the relation between seed germinability, weather parameters and establishment success. Germination rate in the greenhouse could not predict the establishment success of forbs in the field and showed great differences between years, hence we recommend sowing target forbs in multiple years.
Tracking momentary fluctuations in human attention with a cognitive brain-machine interface
Authors: Chinchani Abhijit M. , Paliwal Siddharth , Ganesh Suhas , Chandrasekhar Vishnu , Yu Byron M. , Sridharan Devarajan
Published: December 2022

Selective attention produces systematic effects on neural states. It is unclear whether, conversely, momentary fluctuations in neural states have behavioral significance for attention. We investigated this question in the human brain with a cognitive brain-machine interface (cBMI) for tracking electrophysiological steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in real-time. Discrimination accuracy (d’) was significantly higher when target stimuli were triggered at high, versus low, SSVEP power states. Target and distractor SSVEP power was uncorrelated across the hemifields, and target d’ was unaffected by distractor SSVEP power states. Next, we trained participants on an auditory neurofeedback paradigm to generate biased, cross-hemispheric competitive interactions between target and distractor SSVEPs. The strongest behavioral effects emerged when competitive SSVEP dynamics unfolded at a timescale corresponding to the deployment of endogenous attention. In sum, SSVEP power dynamics provide a reliable readout of attentional state, a result with critical implications for tracking and training human attention.
Dissecting aggregation and seeding dynamics of α-Syn polymorphs using the phasor approach to FLIM
Authors: Tittelmeier Jessica , Druffel-Augustin Silke , Alik Ania , Melki Ronald , Nussbaum-Krammer Carmen
Published: December 2022

Synucleinopathies are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the progressive accumulation of pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn). The importance of structural polymorphism of α-Syn assemblies for distinct synucleinopathies and their progression is increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we use fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to investigate seeded aggregation of α-Syn in a biosensor cell line. We show that conformationally distinct α-Syn polymorphs exhibit characteristic fluorescence lifetimes. FLIM further revealed that α-Syn polymorphs were differentially processed by cellular clearance pathways, yielding fibrillar species with increased seeding capacity. Thus, FLIM is not only a powerful tool to distinguish different amyloid structures, but also to monitor the dynamic process of amyloid remodeling by the cellular environment. Our data suggest that the accumulation of highly seeding competent degradation products for particular polymorphs may account for accelerated disease progression in some patients.
Selective hinge removal strategy for architecting hierarchical auxetic metamaterials
Authors: Jalali Ehsan , Soltanizadeh Hadi , Chen Yao , Xie Yi Min , Sareh Pooya
Published: December 2022

Mechanical metamaterials are man-made structures capable of achieving different intended mechanical properties through their artificial, structural design. Specifically, metamaterials with negative Poisson’s ratio, known as auxetics, have been of widespread interest to scientists. It is well-known that some pivotally interconnected polygons exhibit auxetic behaviour. While some hierarchical variations of these structures have been proposed, generalising such structures presents various complexities depending on the initial configuration of their basic module. Here, we report the development of pivotally interconnected polygons based on even-numbered modules, which, in contrast to odd-numbered ones, are not straightforward to generalize. Particularly, we propose a design method for such assemblies based on the selective removal of rotational hinges, resulting in fully-deployable structures, not achievable with previously known methods. Analytical and numerical analyses are performed to evaluate Poisson’s ratio, verified by prototyping and experimentation. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for the further development of such metamaterials.
Recent applications of nickel and nickel-based bimetallic catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuels
Authors: Yu Xinbin , Williams Christopher T.
Published: December 2022

The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuels is an effective way to reduce the negative environmental impact resulting from dependence on fossil energy.
Adsorption as a remediation technology for short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water – a critical review
Authors: Smaili Hajar , Ng Carla
Published: December 2022

Proposed treatment steps to target the removal of short-chain PFAS from contaminated aqueous solutions.
In situ investigation of the mechanochemically promoted Pd–Ce interaction under stoichiometric methane oxidation conditions
Authors: Danielis Maila , Divins Núria J. , Llorca Jordi , Soler Lluís , Garcia Xènia , Serrano Isabel , Betancourt Luis E. , Xu Wenqian , Rodríguez José A. , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Colussi Sara , Trovarelli Alessandro
Published: December 2022

A stable Pd0/Pd2+ arrangement generated on Pd/CeO2 prepared by mechanochemistry enables high methane activation rates in the absence of excess oxygen being available.
Revealing the alloying and dealloying behaviours in AuAg nanorods by thermal stimulus
Authors: He Long-Bing , Shangguan Lei , Ran Ya-Ting , Zhu Chao , Lu Zi-Yu , Zhu Jiong-Hao , Yu Dao-Jiang , Kan Cai-Xia , Sun Li-Tao
Published: December 2022

The alloying and dealloying processes of AuAg nanorods are revealed from an atomistic view. The findings provide a delicate approach to fine-tune the nanorod structure, phase, and property for functional applications.
Dicyandiamide-assisted synthesis of N-doped porous CoMn–Nx@N–C carbon nanotube compositesviaMOFs as efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts in the same electrolyte
Authors: Li Shiang , Feng Chao , Xie Yuehong , Guo Changyan , Hassan Afaq , Wang Jide
Published: December 2022

The development of stable and low-cost non-noble metal electrocatalysts with high ORR/OER/HER trifunctional catalytic activity in the same electrolyte has an important role in the construction of clean energy devices.
New horizons of MBenes: highly active catalysts for the CO oxidation reaction
Authors: Zhang Bikun , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: December 2022

O-functionalized orthogonal and hexagonal MBenes exhibit extremely high carbon monoxide oxidation reaction (COOR) catalytic activity and high thermal stability under 1000 K.
Fabrication of nano-objects with morphology-correlated room-temperature phosphorescence and their application in information encryption
Authors: Xu Wen , Yin Depeng , Pan Caiyuan , Liu Chao , Hong Chunyan
Published: December 2022

Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers have attracted much attention due to their advantages, such as easy processing, low cost, and good biocompatibility.
Mixed chloridometallate(ii) ionic liquids with tunable color and optical response for potential ammonia sensors
Authors: Behrens Karsten , Balischewski Christian , Sperlich Eric , Menski Antonia , Balderas-Valadez Ruth Fabiola , Pacholski Claudia , Günter Christina , Lubahn Susanne , Kelling Alexandra , Taubert Andreas
Published: December 2022

Eight d-metal-containing N-butylpyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their optical properties.
Facile preparation of urchin-like NiCo2O4 microspheres for efficient hydrogen peroxide detection
Authors: Jiang Jiaojiao , Zhang Zhixuan , Yang Chong , Wang Rui , Wu Zhouling
Published: December 2022

The fabricated NiCo2O4 microspheres acted as excellent sensors for H2O2, with much better performance than the reported NiCo2O4-based H2O2 sensors.
Visible light-induced photoredox catalyzed C–N coupling of amides with alcohols
Authors: Tivari Shraddha , Singh Pravin K. , Singh Praveen P. , Srivastava Vishal
Published: December 2022

A visible-light-mediated method for the construction of N-monoalkylated products from easily available benzamides and benzyl alcohol in the presence of eosin Y has been developed.
Recent advances of graphene–biomacromolecule nanocomposites in medical applications
Authors: Wang Yiting , Di Shuhan , Yu Jinhui , Wang Li , Li Zhuang
Published: December 2022

In this work, we summarize the research on the covalent and non-covalent interactions between biomacromolecules and graphene, and the recent advances (last 5 years) of graphene–biomacromolecule nanocomposites in medical applications.
Cytochrome c in cancer therapy and prognosis
Authors: Pessoa João
Published: December 2022

Cytochrome c (cyt c) is an electron transporter of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Upon permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, cyt c is released into the cytoplasm, where it triggers the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cytoplasmic cyt c can further reach the bloodstream. Apoptosis inhibition is one of the hallmarks of cancer and its induction in tumors is a widely used therapeutic approach. Apoptosis inhibition and induction correlate with decreased and increased serum levels of cyt c, respectively. The quantification of cyt c in the serum is useful in the monitoring of patient response to chemotherapy, with potential prognosis value. Several highly sensitive biosensors have been developed for the quantification of cyt c levels in human serum. Moreover, the delivery of exogenous cyt c to the cytoplasm of cancer cells is an effective approach for inducing their apoptosis. Similarly, several protein-based and nanoparticle-based systems have been developed for the therapeutic delivery of cyt c to cancer cells. As such, cyt c is a human protein with promising value in cancer prognosis and therapy. In addition, its thermal stability can be extended through PEGylation and ionic liquid storage. These processes could contribute to enhancing its therapeutic exploitation in clinical facilities with limited refrigeration conditions. Here, I discuss these research lines and how their timely conjunction can advance cancer therapy and prognosis.
Cognitive Predictors of Perception and Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech in Young Adult Listeners
Authors: Lansford Kaitlin L. , Barrett Tyson S. , Borrie Stephanie A.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Although recruitment of cognitive-linguistic resources to support dysarthric speech perception and adaptation is presumed by theoretical accounts of effortful listening and supported by cross-disciplinary empirical findings, prospective relationships have received limited attention in the disordered speech literature. This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships between cognitive-linguistic parameters and intelligibility outcomes associated with familiarization with dysarthric speech in young adult listeners.

Method:

A cohort of 156 listener participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years completed a three-phase perceptual training protocol (pretest, training, and posttest) with one of three speakers with dysarthria. Additionally, listeners completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery to obtain measures of the following cognitive-linguistic constructs: working memory, inhibitory control of attention, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and vocabulary knowledge.

Results:

Elastic net regression models revealed that select cognitive-linguistic measures and their two-way interactions predicted both initial intelligibility and intelligibility improvement of dysarthric speech. While some consistency across models was shown, unique constellations of select cognitive factors and their interactions predicted initial intelligibility and intelligibility improvement of the three different speakers with dysarthria.

Conclusions:

Current findings extend empirical support for theoretical models of speech perception in adverse listening conditions to dysarthric speech signals. Although predictive relationships were complex, vocabulary knowledge, working memory, and cognitive flexibility often emerged as important variables across the models.
Actuator attack detection and power balance for cyber physical power systems
Authors: Li Jian , Li Hongliang , Wang Handong , Su Qingyu
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the problem of attack detection for actuator attacks and power balance on cyber physical power systems (CPPSs) is investigated. An economic optimization strategy based on observer data is proposed to enable optimal power balance of the attacked system. System states and cyber attacks are estimated by a sliding mode observer satisfying the performance index. Then, the system power is redistributed according to the optimal economic dispatch. Finally, several simulation cases are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of attack detection and economic optimization strategy.
Cylindrical quasi‐omnidirectional multibeam antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Lin Peiying , Wu Zhouyi , Wu Yuting , Gao Yuan , Huangfu Jiangtao
Published: December 2022

Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) are capable of propagating on metallic surfaces, while suffering energy leakage on curved surfaces. A new approach to designing SSPPs antennas is proposed that exactly exploits the curvature‐induced leakage to induce multi‐beam radiation. The antenna geometry consists of a subwavelength periodic block chain on a curved metallic surface for guiding the propagation and outward radiation of the SSPPs, resulting in a multi‐beam radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 7.36 dBi. The antenna works from 10.02 to 11.08 GHz with two wavelengths in diameter size. Moreover, two SSPPs antennas are merged together as a dual‐antenna pair for quasi‐omnidirectional radiation, which covers up to 360° with the gain above 0 dBi.
Formation of pebbles in (gravito-)viscous protoplanetary disks with various turbulent strengths
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. , Johansen Anders , Lambrechts Michiel , Skliarevskii Aleksandr M. , Stoyanovskaya O. P.
Published: December 2022

Aims. Dust plays a crucial role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks. We study the dynamics and growth of initially submicron dust particles in self-gravitating young protoplanetary disks with various strengths of turbulent viscosity. We aim to understand the physical conditions that determine the formation and spatial distribution of pebbles when both disk self-gravity and turbulent viscosity are at work.

Methods. We performed thin-disk hydrodynamics simulations of self-gravitating protoplanetary disks over an initial time period of 0.5 Myr using the FEOSAD code. Turbulent viscosity was parameterized in terms of the spatially and temporally constant α parameter, while the effects of gravitational instability on dust growth were accounted for by calculating the effective parameter αGI. We considered the evolution of the dust component, including the momentum exchange with gas, dust self-gravity, and a simplified model of dust growth.

Results. We find that the level of turbulent viscosity strongly affects the spatial distribution and total mass of pebbles in the disk. The α = 10−2 model is viscosity-dominated, pebbles are completely absent, and the dust-to-gas mass ratio deviates from the reference 1:100 value by no more than 30% throughout the extent of the disk. On the contrary, the α = 10−3 model and, especially, the α = 10−4 model are dominated by gravitational instability. The effective parameter α + αGI is now a strongly varying function of radial distance. As a consequence, a bottleneck effect develops in the innermost disk regions, which makes gas and dust accumulate in a ring-like structure. Pebbles are abundant in these models, although their total mass and spatial extent is sensitive to the dust fragmentation velocity and to the strength of gravitoturbulence. The use of the standard dust-to-gas mass conversion is not suitable for estimating the mass of pebbles.

Conclusions. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that pebbles can already be abundant in protoplanetary disks at the initial stages of disk evolution. Dust growth models that consider disk self-gravity and ice mantles may be important for studying planet formation via pebble accretion.
Impact of Ag content on device properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Kanevce Ana , Essig Stephanie , Paetel Stefan , Hempel Wolfram , Hariskos Dimitrios , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa
Published: December 2022

Partial substitution of Cu by Ag in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is advantageous as it allows lower temperature growth while maintaining high performance. To understand the role of Ag on device performance, we present a comprehensive analysis of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) samples with an [Ag]/([Ag]+[Cu]) (AAC) ratio varying from 7% to 22%. The analysis involves a set of material and device characterization techniques as well as numerical simulations. Multiple electrical and material properties show a systematic dependence on the increased Ag content. These include a carrier-density decrease, a grain-size increase, and a flattened [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]) (GGI) profile leading to a higher minimum band gap energy and a reduced back grading. Although the best performing device (PCE = 18.0%) in this set has an AAC = 7%, cells with higher Ag contents have an advantage of a smoother absorber surface which is attractive for tandem applications, despite their slightly inferior conversion efficiencies (PCE = 16.4% for 22% Ag).
Development of Liquid Sugar HFS (High Fructose Syrup) from Lesser Yam Tubers Using Enzyme-Mix Inulinase and Amylase
Authors: Winarti Sri , Ayu Anggreini Riski
Published: December 2022

Indonesia's sugar demand reaches 3.3 million tons/year, while domestic production is only 1.7 million tons or 51.5% of national demand, so imports are the choice. To reduce sugar imports, domestic sugar production needs to be continuously encouraged, in addition to looking for alternative sweeteners as sugar substitutes. Fructose syrup is an alternative to other sweeteners whose needs are increasing day by day. Apart from cassava, a local raw material that has been used as raw material for making liquid sugar is lesser yam tubers. The advantage of HFS liquid sugar produced from lesser yam tubers raw materials is that it only requires one process step, namely by using a mixture of enzymes inulinase and amylase (a mixture of gluco-amylase and alfa-amylase), where inulinase will hydrolyze inulin to fructose and amylase hydrolyzes starch become glucose. The research objectives were to find the optimum conditions for the production of liquid sugar HFS and to find the optimum concentration of liquid sugar from lesser yam tubers. The results of optimization of substrate and amylase enzyme showed that the optimum concentration of fresh lesser yam tubers substrate was 20%, alpha-amylase was 0.8% and gluco-amylase was 0.8%. The highest HFS liquid sugar was produced in the treatment of 20% inulinase enzyme concentration with a saccharification time of 48 hours, with a characteristic reducing sugar content of 22.958%; fructose content 3.96% and glucose content 23.04%.
Internet of Things for Smart Transportation in North Moluccas Province
Authors: Hizbullah Imam , Djohar Fahrizal , Mabud Zulaeha
Published: December 2022

The Internet of things is a service that supports the realization of the smart city concept. Connectivity between computer devices and computers and computers with sensors connected to the Internet supports community activities that improve the quality of life. Smart transportation is part of the smart city concept that focuses on an efficient transportation control system. The mobility of the people of the northern Maluku province is very dependent on land and marine transportation modes due to the geographical condition of the province, which is in the form of an archipelago. The safety and efficiency of marine transportation is still a topic that needs attention today. This paper proposes an IoT-based smart transportation model that focuses on marine transportation. Machine-to-machine (M2M) protocol, telecommunications technology, and cloud computing play an essential role in this research.
The Correlation Between Intensity and Objectives of Using The Internet Towards Students Learning Achievement Using Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Kapita Syarifuddin N. , Tempola Firman , Mubarak Abdul , Sirajuddin Hairil Kurniadi , Idrus Nurfirsta
Published: December 2022

Internet is a basic need for everyone, including students. The internet can be used as a means to improve a student's learning achievement or vice versa, if the use of the internet is excessive. So that 3 categories were taken, including intensity, purpose of internet use and student GPA. This study aims to see the correlation between the intensity and purpose of internet use and student learning achievement which is implemented in a web-based system. The method used in this research is apriori method, which is a method for finding patterns or correlations between items. Data taken with a total of 100 data. The results of this study resulted in a combination of the goal item set, intensity and GPA along with the association rules. The highest item obtained was social media with a value of 64 and for the correlations of the correlation between intensity, goal and student GPA, the 3 highest association rules were obtained as follows: 'Online Game, Rare Intensity → Low GPA' with a confidence value 100, 'Very Frequent Intensity, Search Engine →GPA Medium' with a confidence value 85.71 and 'social media, Frequent Intensity→High GPA 'with a confidence value 41.38.
How to Design the Best Audit Instrument for Evaluate E-Government Security?
Authors: Safitri Eristya Maya , Muhamad Riesta Arrandi , Najaf Abdul Reza Efrat , Wulansari Anita , Kartika Dhian Satria Yudha , Fitri Anindo Saka
Published: December 2022

The United Nation e-government survey reports that the implementation of e-government in Indonesia will increase in 2021. This proves that the Indonesian government is trying to transform all its business processes by digitalization. System digitization is expected to increase the efficiency of government performance. Information security is one of the important aspects to ensure that this digitization process really provides efficiency for government performance. A good information security management approach is management that adheres to the deeming cycle of quality. The management process includes plan, development, act and check. The audit enters the check cycle which functions as a control whether the process implemented in securing information is correct or not. A good audit process will encourage to produce good findings and recommendations as well. So, we need the right information security audit instrument so that the audit instrument is appropriate in the auditing process. A comprehensive information security audit instrument is an instrument that explains the COBIT 5 goals cascade, RACI chart mapping, briefing preparation and interview design protocol as well as key work-products.
The Changing of Dissolved Organic Matter Based on Its Molecular Weight Through Alum Coagulation and Adsorption Activated Carbon
Authors: Nurul Hidayah Euis , Hendriyanto Cahyonugroh Okik , Artiyani Anis , Setyaningtyas Rusdiana
Published: December 2022

Surface water may contain dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is derived from microbial activities in water and discharged from the watershed. Source water is mainly used as raw water for clean and drinking water, and DOM in water could affect the treated water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to remove DOM in water. This study aims to know the efficiency of removal of DOM by using alum coagulation followed by adsorption with activated carbon. In addition, this study applied the chromatograms method to identify the changing of DOM based on its molecular weight. The results show that raw water was composed of two main organic fractions: humic substances and low molecular weight acids and neutral.The humic substances organic fractions have been removed through alum coagulation up to 48%, and removal increased up to 85% through adsorption with activated carbon. The low molecular weight acids and neutral organic compounds have been removed about 85% and 40% in alum coagulation and adsorption,respectively.
Analysis of Needs Green Open Space Use Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at Campus Area Of Musamus University Merauke
Authors: Xaverius Fransiskus , Budiasto Jarot , Melinda Tallulembang Tatik , Mardiyadi Zulfikar
Published: December 2022

Global warming due to the Greenhouse Gas Effect (GHG) occurs due to various sectors including agriculture, forestry, and industry. The forestry sector is the largest contributor to emissions reaching 43.92% in 2013. Musamus University (Unmus) is a state university located in the southern part of Papua, precisely in Merauke Regency. Unmus is a place for students to get education where the need for infrastructure is very necessaryamong themGreen Open Space (GOS) and Public Space. The development of the campus area is increasing. This is evidenced by the increase in the number of facilities and infrastructure built with an area built up to 2022 is ± 24,291 hectares. Unmus complies with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 26 of 2007.
Analysis of Road Capacity Due to Parking on Road Agency on The Jati Perumnas Segment of Ternate City
Authors: Rizal Muhammad , Darwis Muhammad , Nagu Nani
Published: December 2022

This increase in transportation facilities causes the traffic volume of a road to be greater but is not supported by adequate road infrastructure, one of which is parking facilities. Parking is a phenomenon that affects the movement of vehicles when vehicles that have such a high intensity will be hampered by vehicles parked on the road, causing congestion. Vehicles parked on the roadside are generally around places or activity centres such as offices, markets, schools, and restaurants. Maximum vehicle volume without on-street parking occurs in segment 1 on Monday at 16:30, with the number of vehicles amounting to 2154.3 SMP/hour with a capacity value (C) = 2375 SMP/hour; the degree of saturation value (DS) is obtained. =0.91. This shows that the level of service is included in category E, which means that segment 1 has unstable flow, decreased speed, and vehicle motion is approaching capacity. When parking occurs on the road, the capacity value decreases to (C) = 1243.01 SMP/hour so that it affects the degree of saturation in each segment with the respective DS values: Segment 1 = 1.73, segment 2 = 1.44, segment 3 = 1.40. The flow becomes blocked or obstructed, and the vehicle speed is < 50 km/hour. As a result of vehicles parked on the road, the capacity of the road is reduced so that it has an impact on the movement of traffic flow, and eventually, congestion occurs
Thickness Analysis of Runway Pavement Construction at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Airport to Accommodate Boeing 777-300ER
Authors: Fatikasari Aulia Dewi , Aryaseta Bagas , Cahya Wardhani Primasari
Published: December 2022

Lombok Island is one of destinations for travel from various regions due to construction of a racing circuit on the island. Large events such as MotoGP, GT World Challenge Asia, World Superbike,and others will often be held, so that it will increase tourists to visit Lombok Island. With this increase, it is necessary to develop facilities of Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Airport. One of them is runway pavement must have a thick layer that is able to accommodate aircraft movement activities. Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Airport is planned to be able to facilitate larger planned aircraft, that is B777-300ER. The increase in facilities needed is the extension of the runway with pavement structure which needs to be adjusted to the aircraft load that will be received by the pavement. Based on this, the runway pavement construction structure at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Airport will be designed using FAA method with FAARFIELD software and PCN value was calculated using the COMFAA software. The data needed are annual departure, subgrade CBR,and type of pavement layer used. From the calculation results, the pavement thickness for the runway extension is Surface P-401/P-403 thickness is 100 mm thick, P-401/P-403 Stabilized thickness is 127 mm thick, and Crushed Aggregate P-209 thickness is 296mm. The PCN value for runway extension is 71/F/A/X/T.
Service Load Analysis of Timber Construction Truss
Authors: Doloksaribu Budi , Utary Chitra
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the service load capacity of existing truss construction using the wood material. Analysis and calculations were performed on tensile members, compression members,connection, and deflections that occur using the standard SNI 7973 : 2013. The existing truss construction needs to be analyzed for its overall strength so that the function of the building can be maximized. The results of the research on the existing truss construction obtained that the value of the truss construction capacity in carrying the service load was due to the strength of the connection with a service load of 350 kgf/m. The deflection that occurs is 35.5 mm, far beyond the maximum deflection of 7.14 mm, so it is necessary to repair the connection by increasing the number of connecting devices or replacing the connection tools using bolts.
Safety of endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy compared with percutaneous and surgical necrosectomy: a nationwide inpatient study
Authors: Ramai Daryl , McEntire Dan M. , Tavakolian Kameron , Heaton Joseph , Chandan Saurabh , Dhindsa Banreet , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Maida Marcello , Anderloni Andrea , Facciorusso Antonio , Adler Douglas G.
Published: December 2022

Background and study aims Pancreatic necrosis is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality among patients with acute pancreatitis. We compared the safety and outcomes of three techniques including endoscopic necrosectomy, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous necrosectomy by an interventional radiologist, and surgical necrosectomy.

Patients and methods Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we identified hospitalized patients who underwent pancreatic necrosectomy from 2016 to 2019. They were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Procedure Coding System.

Results: Of the 2,281 patients meeting the selection criteria, the method of pancreatic necrosectomy was as follows: endoscopy (n = 672), percutaneous (n = 1,338), and surgery (n = 271). Compared to surgery, the rate of mortality was lowest for endoscopy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.27; 95 % CI 0.08–0.90; P = 0.033) followed by percutaneous (HR 0.44; 95 % CI, 0.20–0.98; P = 0.045). Endoscopy was associated with less post-procedure bleeding compared to percutaneous and surgical necrosectomy (P < 0.001), as well as lower rates of post-procedure renal failure (P < 0.001) and respiratory failure (P = 0.002). Endoscopy was associated with average shorter lengths of stay and total hospital costs when compared with percutaneous and surgical approaches, respectively (20.1 vs 25.8 vs 38.3 days; P < 0.001) and ($ 57K vs $ 76K vs $ 123K; P < 0.001).

Conclusions Endoscopic necrosectomy is associated with significantly lower risk of inpatient mortality, adverse events, length of stay, and cost when compared to percutaneous and surgical approaches.