bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral L-Arginine lower neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts but failed to increase nitric oxide and epithelialization in the healing process of male white diabetic wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Liem Fenni , Pangkahila Wimpie , Weta I Wayan
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Oral L-Arginine is a conditional essential amino acid that plays a role in wound healing in DM. The role of arginine in diabetic wounds is by enhancing blood circulation in the injured area and increasing oxygen supply to the wound tissue. The purpose of this study to prove the administration of oral L-Arginine toward vascularization status in wound healing of male white rats wistar diabetes mellitus.

Methods:   A randomized posttest only control group study using with 36 diabetic induced wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) aged 2-3 months and weighing 180-200gram which then divided randomly into two groups. Nitric oxide level was measured on the third day and each group was then further divided into two groups for examination of neovascularization, fibroblasts and epithelialization on the seventh day and on the tenth day.

Results: Administration oral L-Arginine failed to induce any significant change in Nitric Oxide level and wound gap closure. On the other hand, the results showed that the mean neovascularization was significantly different between the two groups on the 10th day (Control group vs intervention group: 4.22±1922 vs1.89±1364; p=0.009). In addition, the mean number of fibroblast at the 10th day was also significantly different (Control group vs intervention group: 74.11±28.57 vs 38.11±20.90; p=0.008).

Conclusion: In conclusion, oral L-Arginine did not significantly affect nitric oxide and epithelialization while decreased neovascularization and the number of fibroblasts on day tenth in the healing process of male white rats diabetes mellitus
Administration of Creatine Monohydrate® increased the estrogen levels but have no effect on testosterone levels in male albino rats (rattus norvegicus) with moderate physical activity
Authors: Sulistiani Ursula , Pangkahila Wimpie , Pangkahila Alex
Published: July 2020

Background: Our laboratory assessment indicated that the Creatine Monohydrate® supplement contains phytoestrogen and phytoprogesteron. This study was aimed to prove that the administration of Creatine Monohydrate® supplement could increase the estrogen levels and decrease testosterone levels in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with moderate physical activity given.

Methods: A true experimental with pre-test and post-test randomized control study was conducted using 14 albino male rats. The samples were divided into two groups; the control groups (P0) that received aquadest and moderate physical activity, and treatment group (P1) that received 0.4 mg Creatine Monohydrate® supplement twice a day and moderate physical activity given. Moderate physical activity (swimming) was given five times a week for 14 days. Estrogen and testosterone level were assessed before and after treatment was given.

Results: Before the treatment, the estrogen and testosterone levels between P0 group and P1 group were comparable. Post-test results showed a significant different in estrogen levels between the P0 and P1 group (23.17±2.86 and 27.82±3.06 ng/ml respectively; p<0.05) as well as testosterone levels (18.15±2.95 and 21.69±2.14 ng/ml respectively; p<0.05) after 14 days of treatment. A paired analysis showed an elevating of estrogen levels but no effect on testosterone levels in P1 group that treated with Creatine Monohydrate®

Conclusion: This study indicated that the administration of Creatine Monohydrate® increased the estrogen levels but have no effect on testosterone levels in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with moderate physical activity.
Warszawski listopad teatralny 1918: „Z dni przełomu”
Authors: Mościcki Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Artykuł przedstawia wydarzenia wyjątkowo burzliwego miesiąca w chwili odzyskiwania przez Polskę niepodległości. Warszawa była wówczas miejscem szczególnym. Rozgrywały się tu i ogniskowały najważniejsze wydarzenia: powrót marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego po uwolnieniu go z magdeburskiego więzienia, początki tworzenia nowego polskiego rządu, euforia mieszkańców miasta mieszająca się z obawami o przyszłość kraju i bezpieczeństwo na ulicach, trudności gospodarcze. Na to wszystko nakładały się równie burzliwe wydarzenia w teatrach i wokół nich.

Listopad 1918 roku obrósł także legendami, które – utrwalone w literaturze pamiętnikarskiej – zniekształcałyobraz rozgrywających się wówczas wydarzeń. Autor, przywołując te relacje, stara się ustalić prawdziwy bieg wypadków, posługując się ówczesną, rzetelnie informującą, prasą. Przytacza ówczesne publikacje lub ich fragmenty, z których większość pojawia się po raz pierwszy w kotntekście badań teatrologicznych. Zebrane razem i przedstawione w artykule pokazują – choćby w części – fascynującą mozaikę, jaką stanowił w listopadzie 1918 roku warszawski teatr. Zmienność tych wydarzeń każe nawet myśleć, że mamy do czynienia z kalejdoskopem.
Value creation through appreciation? An exploration of the perception of diversity management in a transnational aviation group
Authors: Scherle Nicolai
Published: July 2020

In view of certain socio-cultural and economic meta-processes, workforce diversity or diversity management become an increasingly important entrepreneurial success factor. Yet, the scholarly examination of diversity in the tourism and hospitality sector is still in its infancy; a fact that applies to qualitative studies in particular. This paper addresses the perception of diversity and diversity management within one of the world’s leading aviation corporations, the Lufthansa Group. Following the methodological principles of qualitative social research, this study reports the results of a survey of Lufthansa flight attendants, a stakeholder group that interacts like no other in the area of overlap between the corporation and its customers. Specifically, the survey focuses on Lufthansa’s diversity strategy – based on the principle of ‘value creation through appreciation’ – and how it is perceived by representatives of the cabin crew, in an attempt to identify potential conflicts and prejudices that may arise in the face of employee heterogeneity.
The formation of structural relationships effective indicators on city brand in religious cities
Authors: Shokohi Mohammad Ajza , Zamanipoor Masoud , Khademi Amir Hossein
Published: July 2020

Religious cities are considered popular tourist attractions; therefore, they make use of branding as an effective strategy in urban development to enhance the tourism industry. Given the spiritual appeal of religious cities, it seems that a number of hypotheses on city-brand management have undergone changes. Considering these hypotheses, this study aimed at investigating the structural relationship between destination image, overall satisfaction, satisfaction attributes and loyalty in the city of Mashhad. The required data were collected by using a questionnaire randomly distributed among the visitors of the Imam Reza shrine. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was first used, and then confirmatory factor analysis was utilized. Contrary to what is claimed by a number of studies on branding, the results of this study showed that the visitors' decision to pay a return visit to Mashhad was affected not by their overall satisfaction but by their devotion to the holy place, which could be regarded as an important factor in their return to the city as a tourist destination. Destination loyalty was also found to have a direct and considerable influence on destination image in this religious city.
The roles of involvement, source credibility, and authenticity in the formation of online destination image
Authors: Rahman Arifur , Sharmin Naila , Akhter Mily
Published: July 2020

Social media platforms are now prevalent in tourism literature and have the potential to influence tourists’ decision-making by impacting the process of their destination image (DI) formation. The aim of the study was to investigate the DI formation process by simultaneously incorporating three pivotal constructs—involvement, source credibility, and authenticity—in the context of social media platforms, a context relatively unexplored in the literature. The study employed a mixed research design to verify the proposed model empirically. The interrelationships among different constructs were analysed with a sample of 210 tourists who had recently visited or intended to visit Saint Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. The data were tested using PLS-SEM method. Results indicate that: (1) authenticity and source credibility both have positive influence in the formation of DI, demonstrating it as an antecedent of the tourists’ intention to visit; (2) tourists’ perceived authenticity has a direct positive impact on the intention to visit; (3) tourists’ involvement might not be a significant factor in the formation of online DI. Practically, this study highlights the factors that affect tourists’ perception of and intention towards selecting a tourism destination in the context of social media platforms, which can serve as a basis for tailoring an effective online positioning strategy for destinations.
Geomatics Techniques for Submerged Heritage: a Mobile App for Tourism
Authors: Barrile Vincenzo , Fotia Antonino , Bernardo Ernesto , Candela Gabriele
Published: July 2020

The tourism sector is one of the major industries in Italy that has a high impact on local communities in terms of employment and economy. To show the results of a research project highlighting the use of new technology in the tourism sector, the Geomatics Laboratory of the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria has developed a mobile application for tourism. The case study is "Calarcheo Park", a nonaccessible underwater archaeological park located in Reggio Calabria, near the remains of the old walls of the ancient city of Reggio Calabria (Reghion, dating back to about the VIII B.C.). The main aim of this paper is to describe the process to relive and re-propose the experience of a real immersion through a journey in virtual reality. Particular attention was given to the research part concerning the simplification processes of the models inserted within an app for tourism sector. The concept app includes scenarios (seabed) and objects (Castle and artefact) obtained from three-dimensional models realized through photogrammetric techniques, therefore "heavy" models in terms of space necessary to store them, recall them and possibly process them. Considering the visualization purpose, and the metric precision needed, the 3d models were reconstructed using a rapid method. To minimize the difficulties during the direct underwater survey carried out by a human operator (e.g. limited time available during the survey, accentuated inaccuracy due to human errors), the operations were carried out using an experimental ROV (Remote Operated Vehicles), widely used to explore underwater environments, equipped with cameras to perform photogrammetric acquisition in a single dive. To enhance the results and quality of the 3d model, a procedure to improve the image quality, and optimizing the processing is also described. This work therefore illustrates the possibilities of using 3D models created by geomatics techniques within virtual environments for apps for tourism purposes
Identifikasi Kesadaran Diri pada Anak di TK Negeri Pembina Pohuwato
Authors: Ganil Nurmala , Wantu Tuti
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kesadaran diri pada anak kelompok B. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian Kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini dapat di peroleh langsung dari informan sekolah yaitu orang-orang yang terlibat langsung dalam sekolah seperti kepala sekolah dan guru-guru dan orang tua. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa identifikasi kesadaran diri pada anak Kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato dapat di identifikasikan. Diantaranya: a). anak-anak sudah mampu mengetahui kesadaran emosi dan menyadari perasaannya. b). Penilaian diri atau kemampuan memandang dirinya sendiri, dari 18 anak terdapat 3 anak yang belum mampu mengetahui nama panjangnya. c). sedangkan untuk percaya diri tampil di depan kelas dan menyatakan pendapatnya, anak-anak sudah mampu melakukannya bahkan saling berebut untuk maju di depan kelas.
Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak yang Mengalami Hambatan dalam Berinteraksi Sosial
Authors: Harun Febriyanti , Juniarti Yenti
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini berlatarbelakang anak yang mengalami hambatan dalam berinteraksi sosial yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan sosial emosional anak yang mengalami hambatan dalam berinteraksi sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.  Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah salah satu anak disekolah Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 7 yang bernama CK usia 5 tahun yang merupakan anak yang memiliki hambatan dalam berinteraksi sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, pengamatan observasi dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak akan selalu membutuhkan pengenalan terhadap banyak hal yang baru salah satunya adalah pengenalan dunia luar dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain selain anggota keluarga anak perlu berinteraksi dengan orang baru tetapi dengan pegawasan orang tuanya. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan anak yang bernama CK sulit untuk berinteraksi dengan orang yang baru dia kenal sehingga perlu adanya stimulasi seperti membiarkan anak ber eksplorasi terhadap segala hal yang ingin di ketahuinya.
Pengembangan Boneka Edukatif untuk Pengenalan Pendidikan Seks Anak
Authors: Putri Sarasati Tania , Cahyati Nika
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan media pembelajaran boneka edukatif untuk pengenalan pendidikan seks anak usia 4-5 tahun, untuk mengetahui keefektifan pengembangan pendidikan seks anak usia 4-5 tahun. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelas A di TK PGRI Tunas Harapan Ciawigebang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah Reseach and Development (R&D). Kelayakan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi keseluruhan aspek mendapat total nilai 21,00 dan mempunyai nilai rata-rata 3,00 sehingga masuk pada kategori “cukup”. Sementara kelayakan berdasarkan penilaian Ahli Media keseluruhan aspek mendapat total nilai 41,00 dan mempunyai rata-rata 2,73 sehingga masuk pada kategori “cukup”. Hasil T tes diketahui nilai Sig. (2-tailed) adalah sebesar 0,09 > 0,05, dapat disimpulkan dari hasil Uji hipotesis pre test dan post test menunjukkan hasil bahwa pengembangan media boneka edukatif untuk pengenalan pendidikan seks anak usia 4-5 tahun berhasil dikembangkan, dan efektif digunakan untuk anak usia 4-5 tahun.
THE ROLE OF PUSHKIN STUDIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PHILOSOPHERS OF THE FIRST WAVE OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION: A.V. KARTASHEV AND S.L. FRANC
Authors: Афанасьева Э.М.
Published: July 2020

Вынужденное расставание с Родиной русской интеллигенцией, не принявшей революционные изменения, и начало первой волны эмиграции произошли на волне незавершенных споров об А.С. Пушкине для судьбы русской культуры. Эти споры стали основой философских концепций о целях и задачах пушкинистики как науки, призванной раскрыть феномен пушкинского творчества. В статье рассматриваются концепции А.В. Карташева и С.Л. Франка. Их работы были написаны к 100-летию со дня смерти А.С. Пушкина. Богослов А.В. Карташев в статье «Лик Пушкина» поставил вопрос о существовании «пассивной пушкинистики». Его концепция заострила внимание на явлении, которое станет важнейшей чертой русской интеллигенции ХХ в. Любительская или народная пушкинистика основана на внимательном отношении к академическому пушкиноведению и связана с читательской рефлексией, основанной на глубочайшем знании жизни и творчества Пушкина. С.Л. Франк обращается к проблеме постановки ключевых задач для академической науки. Они, по мнению философа, включают в себя исследование духовного мира Пушкина как факта национального самопознания. Несмотря на разницу в толковании пушкинистики, оба исследователя основываются на идее пророческой миссии Пушкина и науки, которая исследует его творчество.

Russian intellectuals, who did not accept the revolutionary changes, were forced to leave their Homeland, and the beginning of the first wave of emigration took place on the wave of unfinished disputes about Pushkin for the fate of Russian culture. These disputes became the basis of philosophical concepts about the goals and objectives of Pushkin studies as a science designed to reveal the phenomenon of Pushkin's creativity. The article deals with the concepts of V.A. Kartashev and S.L. Frank. Their works were written for the 100th anniversary of Pushkin's death. Theologian V.A. Kartashev in the article The Face of Pushkin raised the question of the existence of «passive Pushkin studies». His concept focused attention on a phenomenon that would become an important feature of the Russian intelligentsia of the XXth century. Amateur or folk Pushkin studies are based on an attentive attitude to academic Pushkin studies and are connected with readers' reflection based on the deepest knowledge of Pushkin's life and work. S.L. Frank addresses the problem of setting key tasks for academic science. They, according to the philosopher, include the study of the spiritual world of Pushkin as a fact of national self-knowledge. Despite the difference in the interpretation of Pushkin studies, both researchers are based on the idea of Pushkin's prophetic mission and the science that explores his work.
MOODLE LEARNING PLATFORM AS MOTIVATION TOOL IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Голованова М.В.
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматриваются результаты практического применения модульной объектно-ориентированной динамической управляющей среды (Moodle) в качестве электронной образовательной платформы в дополнение к фронтальной форме обучения и для поддержания мотивации в изучении РКИ в государственном университете Падуи. Приведены примеры структуризации курсов, выделены основные ресурсы платформы, которые могут быть использованы для повышения интереса студентов к изучению русского языка в условиях отсутствия языковой среды. Подведены итоги наблюдений, подтверждающие эффективность использования платформы.

The article discusses the results of practical implementation of the modular object-oriented dynamic managing environment (Moodle) as an electronic learning platform in addition to teacher-centered teaching and for the purpose of maintaining motivation in learning Russian as a foreign language at the University of Padua. Herein, are given the examples of course structuring, highlighted major platform resources that can be utilized to increase students’ interest in learning Russian in the absence of language immersion. The observations confirming the effectiveness of using the platform are summarized.
PETROZAVODSK – CUNEO TELECONFERENCE: NEW FACETS OF ICT USE IN RCT TRAINING
Authors: Алешина А.Б. , Булгарелли Е.Д.
Published: July 2020

В данной статье авторы делятся опытом проведения телемостов между изучающими РКИ в школе Enjoy Russian в г. Петрозаводске и студентами Высшей школы языкового посредничества Adriano Macagno в г. Кунео. Цель таких мероприятий – желание педагогов разнообразить аппарат коммуникативных упражнений, применяемых ими в обучении, а также повысить мотивацию у учащихся, в особенности у студентов, изучающих русский в Италии, где зачастую недостаточно возможностей для естественной речевой практики. Задачей телемостов стало создание ситуаций живого общения с заданными целями, стимулирующими участников к активному использованию языковых средств, усвоенных ранее в рамках пройденной темы. Общение с незнакомыми людьми, которые также изучают русский язык, но в другой стране послужило мотивирующим фактором, побуждающим искренний интерес к обмену информацией и желание узнать о собеседнике как можно больше. В рамках данной статьи подробно описываются преимущества и недостатки телемостов, особенности их проведения. Характеризуется не только формат общения участников через программу Skype, но и другой, не столь популярный в сфере обучения иностранным языкам вид дистанционного общения – обмен аудиосообщениями посредством мобильного приложения WhatsApp.

In the article, the authors share their experience in conducting teleconferences between the students, who study Russian language at Enjoy Russian in Petrozavodsk and Adriano Macagno high school in Cuneo. The goal of the teleconferences was to diversify communicative exercises the teachers use, and to increase students’ motivation, especially Italian students, because in Italy, there are usually not enough opportunities for speaking practice in Russian. Teleconferences were meant to create situations of natural communication with some objectives that stimulated the participants to actively use the language tools (vocabulary and grammar) that they have learned before. Communication with strangers that are also learning the Russian language, but in another country, was for sure a motivating factor that indulged a sincere interest towards exchanging the information and finding out as much as possible about the partner. In this article, the authors describe in details advantages and disadvantages of teleconferences, their special features. The authors do not only characterize distant communication through Skype, but also not such a popular tool among teachers of Russian as a foreign language – WhatsApp audio files exchange.
Mechanical Strength Indicators of Polyurethane Adhesive in Lightweight Floor Systems
Authors: Karpiesiuk Jacek
Published: July 2020

The article describes the basic features of the lightweight floor system with
heat-dissipating lamellas (LFS-L) that do not require screeds and are used
in the design of radiant heating. It was assumed that reactive polyurethane
adhesive constitute the connection layer between the ceramic tile floor and the
thermal insulation substrate, which is covered with aluminium foil. This type
of construction has not been fully tested for mechanical strength. To define it,
for example, using the finite element method, strength indicators of the tested
adhesives which were not used in any of the previous studies discussed in this
paper should be determined, such as Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio ν and
linear thermal expansion coefficient 𝛼. This article presents research methods
by which these data were determined. Module E and the ν ratio were determined
in the compression strength test of cylindrical samples of polyurethane
adhesive. Coefficient 𝛼 was determined by using digital image correlation in the
Aramis system, placing the prepared adhesive samples in a thermal chamber.
Innovating surgical practice and policy: lessons learnt from the second Oxford Surgical Innovation Conference
Authors: Hoppe Solveig , De Andres Crespo Marta , Williams Matthew , Handa Ashok , McVeigh James
Published: July 2020

The section on changes in training from the Future in Surgery Report by the Royal College of Surgeons of England outlined key ideas for improving surgical training in the future. These ideas included the use of augmented reality, virtual reality and simulation, as well as increased support for surgeons to diverge from traditional surgical training pathways to undertake research and act as entrepreneurs. The Second Oxford Surgical Innovation Conference (OxSI) had similar aims to prepare delegates for these changes in surgery. The event took place on Friday 13th March 2020 at St Catherine's College, Oxford, and included talks and workshops from world-renowned surgeons, which covered a vast range of topics but ultimately all gave a fascinating insight into what is needed to improve surgical practice and policy.
The Hubungan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Ekslusif, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar, dan Durasi Sakit terhadap Status Gizi Balita dari Ibu Pekerja Pabrik Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Amalia Diva
Published: July 2020

Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi, dan durasi kejadian sakit yang terjadi pada balita merupakan beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi balita. Khususnya balita dengan ibu yang bekerja sebagai pekerja pabrik. Hal tersebut karena, ibu yang bekerja sebagai pekerja pabrik memiliki keterbatasan waktu di rumah sehingga kurang memperhatikan dalam hal pengasuhan anak. Menurut hasil survei pendahuluan sebanyak 0,47% balita mengalami status gizi buruk dan 3,44% balita mengalami status gizi kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, kelengkapan imunisasi, dan durasi sakit dengan status gizi balita dari ibu pekerja pabrik di Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode pengumpulan data cross sectional. Analisis bivariat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu uji korelasi dan uji Fisher Exact. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif (p = 0,338), kelengkapan imunisasi dasar (p = 1,00), dan durasi sakit dengan status gizi balita dari ibu pekerja pabrik di Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Sukoharjo (p = 0,235).
Negative Magnetic Diffusivity β Replacing the α Effect in the Helical Dynamo
Authors: Park Kiwan
Published: July 2020

In the Sun, the converting process of a poloidal magnetic field (
B

pol) from a toroidal field (
B

tor) is essential to sustaining the solar magnetic fields. However, the converting process, dominated by α and β effects, is not yet clearly understood. Conventional theories expect that the α effect should be quenched as the magnetic field grows. Also, plasma kinetic energy is thought to diffuse magnetic energy (positive β effect). Then,
B

pol is supposed to decay resulting in the dissipation of
B

tor, followed by the diminishing dynamo process. But the solar magnetic field evolves periodically, as is observed. To solve this inconsistency between the theory and real nature, we first need to check if the α and β effects indeed evolve as the conventional theories expect. However, these effects are theoretically or conceptually inferred quantities, and their exact expressions are not yet known. So, instead of their incomplete formulas, we used more practical representations composed of large-scale magnetic helicity

and energy

. We verified that the α effect quenches as the conventional theory expects. However, we also found that the β effect can be negative. This negative β apparently looks inconsistent with the conventional conclusion, but it can be a promising substitution for the decaying α effect. We discuss their physical bases and mechanisms using a field structure model supported by an analytic method. The model shows that the interaction between the poloidal velocity component (
U

pol) and nonlocally transferred magnetic field (
B
 · ∇
U
) induces a current density
j

ind along with the magnetic field. Their combined structure yields magnetic helicity to the system, which is the α effect. However,
U

pol can also interact with the locally transferred magnetic field, i.e.,
U

pol × (−
U
 · ∇
B
) inducing a current density
j

diff. This current density can produce additional magnetic helicity (negative β effect) to the system. Simultaneously, the toroidal component
U

tor with −
U
 · ∇
B
leads to the usual positive β effect, which diffuses the magnetic field. Finally, using the negative β effect, we show how the plasma motion is suppressed in a helically forced dynamo system where Lorentz force (
J
 × 
B
) apparently looks negligible.
Nuclear X-Ray Activity in Low-surface-brightness Galaxies: Prospects for Constraining the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction with a Chandra Successor Mission
Authors: Hodges-Kluck Edmund J. , Gallo Elena , Seth Anil , Greene Jenny , Baldassare Vivienne
Published: July 2020

About half of nearby galaxies have a central surface brightness ≥1 mag below that of the sky. The overall properties of these low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) remain understudied, and in particular we know very little about their massive black hole population. This gap must be closed to determine the frequency of massive black holes at z = 0 as well as to understand their role in regulating galaxy evolution. Here we investigate the incidence and intensity of nuclear, accretion-powered X-ray emission in a sample of 32 nearby LSBGs with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. A nuclear X-ray source is detected in four galaxies (12.5%). Based on an X-ray binary contamination assessment technique developed for normal galaxies, we conclude that the detected X-ray nuclei indicate low-level accretion from massive black holes. The active fraction is consistent with that expected from the stellar mass distribution of the LSBGs, but not their total baryonic mass, when using a scaling relation from an unbiased X-ray survey of normal galaxies. This suggests that their black holes co-evolved with their stellar population. In addition, the apparent agreement nearly doubles the number of galaxies available within ∼100 Mpc for which a measurement of nuclear activity can efficiently constrain the frequency of black holes as a function of stellar mass. We conclude by discussing the feasibility of measuring this occupation fraction to a few percent precision below ≲1010
M
⊙ with high-resolution, wide-field X-ray missions currently under consideration.
Successfully delayed delivery of second twin after early second trimester rupture of membranes of the first twin: a case report
Authors: Georgievska Jadranka , Samardziski Igor , Daneva Ana , Kocoski Goran
Published: July 2020

Twin pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies accompanied with multiple complications, such as: spontaneous abortion, preterm rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, intrauterine death of one or both twins etc. There is no consensus about the management of twin  pregnancies complicated with preterm rupture of the membranes of one twin and risk of preterm delivery. These cases are rarely found in the literature. We present a case of a 35 years old patient, hospitalized in a tertiary level institution, because of a diamniotic dichorionic twin pregnancy complicated with preterm rupture of the membranes of the first twin at 19 weeks of gestation. She had one delivery with Caesarean section 16 years ago. In consultation with the patient induction of labor was done with delivery of the first twin, a death male fetus. After that, antibiotics and tocolytic therapy were administrated and the patient remained in the hospital about one week. The patient was discharged at home with regular control of her condition and condition of the fetus. The patient was again hospitalized at 33 weeks of gestation with uterine contractions on cardiotocography. After administration of corticosteroid therapy for fetal lung maturation she delivered spontaneously the second twin in a good condition and  she was discharged from hospital after 16 days. In twin pregnancies clinicians must think about delayed interval delivery of the second twin, after delivery of the first twin, with an aim to increase chances for survival, especially for pregnancies less than 30 weeks of gestation.
Local etiological factors for the appearance of early childhood caries
Authors: Kokoceva Ivanovska Olga
Published: July 2020

In the early childhood, at the age of 1 to 1.5 year, immediately after teeth eruption, a special form of caries which spreads only over the primary teeth, often appears. The aim of this study was to determine local factors that affect the occurrence of this dental disease in early childhood.Materials and methods: Our examinees were children 1.5-3.5 years old, where during the standard check-ups we diagnosed starting phases of circular caries: initial lesion (white spot) and superficial form. The mothers of children with diagnosed circular caries were provided with a pre-prepared questionnaire containing data on: the length of the breastfeeding period, the infant's feeding with a bottle and the most commonly consumed contents, oral hygiene habits after feeding the infant, and tooth brushing. Results: Only 30% of mothers breastfed (children) by the 6-th month and 40% by the third month and shorter. About 15% of mothers received fluoride prophylaxis during pregnancy and lactation. The largest percentage of respondents (48%) were fed with a baby bottle, over a prolonged period of time, up to three or more years, mostly with industrial juices (48%). They were mostly consumed at night (40%). Oral-hygiene measures after bottle feeding were observedonly in 16%. The daily frequency of tooth brushing in young children is at most once a day (32%). Conclusion: The analysis of the results showed that circular caries is more common in children who have been breastfed for shorter period and who used the bottle in their daily diet. The most commonly consumed are industrial juices, which are considered "cariogenic drinks" because they are potentially dangerous to primary teeth, especially when consumed at night (pH of saliva drops to 0).
Los repertorios bibliográficos españoles sobre las artes plásticas
Authors: García Melero José E. , Azorín López Virtudes , Sorli Rojo Angela
Published: July 2020

Se hace un inventario de los principales repertorios bibliográficos publicados en España sobre las Artes Plásticas, pretendiendo realizar un esquema de bibliografía de bibliografías. Los registros se han recopilado cronológicamente en dos grupos: abiertos y cerrados y, entre estos últimos, por materias, se trata de una guia práctica para estudiosos e investigadores del Arte.
The Influence of Spirituality in the Workplace and Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors for Strategic Success
Authors: Norris Sharon E. , Porter Tracey H.
Published: July 2020

In today's competitive organizational environment, strategic leaders depend upon employees with the capacity to continually change, innovate and improve, making highly engaged workers more valuable than ever (Norris, 2013). These changing conditions require the strategic cultivation of a workforce willing to contribute to the effective functioning of the organization through discretionary organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Using the survey method, we obtained data from 232 working professionals from a large metropolitan area in the Midwest and tested the extent to which spirituality in the workplace and perceived organizational support influenced the exhibition of OCBs. Our findings show that spirituality in the workplace exerts influence on altruism, conscientiousness, and courtesy, which represent interpersonally directed OCBs, and perceived organizational support exerts influence on civic virtue, which is an organizationally directed OCB.
Revisiting Companionship and the Socio-Economy of the Islamic Guilds
Authors: Shahpari Hasan , Hojjat Tahereh Alavi
Published: July 2020

This chapter is an introduction to the history of the formation of guilds and how they connect them to the religious and social structures that molded them. The craft-guilds are one of the most interesting and characteristic phenomena of medieval Muslim civilization. The guild in Muslim life was built essentially on the idea of the market and based on the needs of the guildsmen. Many different countries officially claim their commitment to Islam and Islamic economics. However, Islam and Islamic economic systems differ significantly from one country to another. Analysis of the Islamic economic system is impossible without a clear understanding of the legal parameters that shaped such a system. The legal foundation of the Islamic society, known as Shari'a, is considered eternally valid and applicable to all times and places. Islamic laws not only provide society with collections of laws and prescriptions which indicate the Islamic path, they also focus on specific human activities and classify them according to their degree of desirability from God's perspective. Different viewpoints on the relationship between religion, culture, and economic performance are investigated here. Finally, the role of the central bank and Islamic banking and finance will be discussed in detail. While Islamic banks play roles similar to conventional banks, fundamental differences exist between the two models. The main difference between Islamic and conventional banks is that the former operate in accordance with the rules of Shari'a, the legal code of Islam. The central concept in Islamic banking and finance is justice, which is achieved mainly through the sharing of risk. Stakeholders are supposed to share profits and losses, and charging interest is prohibited.
The Role of Women in the Development of New Religious Movements in Latin America
Authors: Eraso Angel Belzunegui , Cid David Dueñas
Published: July 2020

In this chapter we focus on the growth of “new religions” and new religious movements in Latin America and attempt to find explanations for this growth. Although other explanations for the increase in religious plurality exist, we focus on the role of women in this development. The expansion of movements such as Pentecostalism is challenging the centrality of Catholicism in many Latin American countries. Basically, we therefore aim to answer the following question: Why has Pentecostalism grown so much in some Latin American countries while Catholicism has experienced a certain decline? One possible explanation for this is the role of women in this expansion, which has fostered greater social cohesion within families and communities. Pentecostalism has led to a certain empowerment of the women living in precarious conditions, affording them greater visibility and importance within their communities and giving them a role in the re-education of behaviours that are rooted in male domination.
Women and Religion in the Indian Diaspora
Authors: Pandey Annapurna Devi
Published: July 2020

In the United States, a multimillionaire businesswoman of Ukrainian descent credits the goddess Lakshmi for her wealth and prosperity. Another wealthy American woman displays a picture of the goddess in her Hollywood bathroom. The Odisha goddess has been incorporated into the lives of these Americans but women in the Odia diaspora are still trying to figure out how to honor the goddess. Through the creation of altars and the meditation of morning prayers, practitioners of new age religions have more leeway to incorporate goddess veneration into their lives without regard to Indian tradition. Women in the Odia diaspora realize that weekdays are to be devoted to the goddess, that special household activities should be completed, and that these are not easy to fit into a household where both parents work and children have to be taken all over town after school. In this paper, the author argues that for Odia American women in particular, the goddess Lakshmi represents not just wealth and prosperity, but also women's agency beyond their roles as wives and mothers. Odia women living in the United States maintain their traditions through community and religious groups. Many see the goddess Lakshmi as an ideal, recognize and honor the feminist powers of the goddess Lakshmi, but seldom do the elaborate rituals because of the constraint of time and space.
The Haredi Scholar-Society and the Military Draft in Israel
Authors: Leon Nissim
Published: July 2020

This chapter examines the phenomenon of deferments of army enlistment in Israel of haredi (ultra-Orthodox) men studying in yeshivas. The author claims that counter-nationalist argument enables us to understand the progress that the haredi scholar-society has made from a sectorial entity that kept itself removed from the nation-state, and viewed the state as an undesired political fact, to an entity that maintains its own counter-nationalism. This social cultural religious entity regards itself as a symbiotic or active partner in the national endeavor, specifically through the insular haredi ethos. The author employs the term counter-nationalism to describe an approach that takes a critical view of nationalism, but has in effect adapted it to the structure of the discourse, organization, and aims of the hegemonic national ideology. This perspective raises the possibility that the ultra-Orthodox are beginning to view themselves as maintaining a complementary partnership with the Israeli culture, and to a considerable extent have even constructed a similar cultural structure, a sort of mirror-image of the militaristic one. Moreover, this study even suggests that the haredi mainstream seeks recognition for itself as the spiritual elite troops of the State of Israel.
Media Images of Islamophobia on Cable News Network (CNN) and Implications for International Relations
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey , Muchakabarwa Prosper
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on media images of islamophobia as portrayed by Cable News Network (CNN) and its implications for international relations. The study employed qualitative methodology. Data was collected using key informant interviews, while documentary search was done using CNN current affairs videos. The study findings indicated that the media has the power to influence human perceptions towards stereotyping Islam as a terrorist organisation and conflating the Islamic religion and the Muslim culture with terrorism. The study also found out that islamophobia really has a relationship with how Muslims are represented in the media. The study recommends that media houses should have media ethics, laws and policies which force journalists to be more accountable and objective when reporting issues of religion, race and culture as a way of eliminating offensive communication and religious intolerance.
Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality in Education
Authors: Sala Nicoletta
Published: July 2020

Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) are three different technologies developed in the last decades of the 20th century. They combine hardware and software solutions. They permit the creation of three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds and virtual objects. This chapter describes how VR, MR, and AR technologies find positive application fields in educational environments. They support different learning styles, offering potential help in teaching and in learning paths.
Developing an Immersive Virtual Classroom
Authors: Ingraham Kathleen M. , Romualdo Annette , Fulchini Scruggs Angelica , Imperiale Eric , Dieker Lisa A. , Hughes Charles E.
Published: July 2020

As virtual reality (VR) technologies continue to improve and become more accessible, educators are increasingly incorporating VR learning experiences in teacher education contexts. This chapter is a case study of TeachLivE™, a virtual classroom platform designed for practicing teaching in a safe virtual space. This chapter describes the system, development, and challenges faced when incorporating immersive VR technologies. Recommendations are provided for future research, development, use, and facilitation of immersive VR learning experiences.
AI and AR
Authors: Cassard Anita M. , Sloboda Brian W.
Published: July 2020

This chapter presents some of the possibilities and approaches that are used in the application of AI (artificial intelligence) and AR (augmented reality) in the new learning environments. AI will add another dimension to distance learning or eLearning that in some cases already includes AR (augmented reality) virtual learning environments. Because of this advent in available technology and the impact it will have on learning, assessment of newly structured parameters and their impact on student outcomes is crucial when measuring student learning. For some of us there might be a concern about the domination of AI as seen in the movie The Terminator, but we can take ease in the notion that it is not only AI versus humans. A new version of human augmented intelligence (HI) is being developed as we speak.
Arabic Language as Arab Characters Related to Arabic Language Alphabet
Authors: Alanmi Adel
Published: July 2020

All languages in this universe have a rich history behind them and culture among the people who speak them. Arabic calligraphy is a timeless craft that has resounding relationship with the Arabic culture and Islamic heritage. The word calligraphy originated from Greek words, namely kallos and graphos, which mean beauty and writing, respectively. Many calligraphic works may seem effortless at a glance, but that is not the case as calligraphy requires keenness and the final piece is as a result of accurate and measure brushstrokes. This chapter is going to look at and analyze the different artwork and calligraphy works related to the Arabic language that have significance to the Arabic world and Muslim culture.
Identification of a Protective Leishmania Antigen Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase and Its Responding CD4+ T Cells at Clonal Level
Authors: Mou Zhirong , Barazandeh Aida F. , Hamana Hiroshi , Kishi Hiroyuki , Zhang Xiaoping , Jia Ping , Ikeogu Nnamdi , Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Gupta Gaurav , Uzonna Jude E.
Published: July 2020

There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the Ags that elicit protective CD4+ T cell immunity. In this study, we identified a naturally processed peptide (DLD63–79) that is derived from Leishmania dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) protein. DLD is conserved in all pathogenic Leishmania species, is expressed by both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the parasite, and elicits strong CD4+ T cell responses in mice infected with L. major. We generated I-Ab-DLD63–79 tetramer and identified DLD-specific CD4+ T cells at clonal level. Following L. major infection, DLD63–79–specific CD4+ T cells massively expanded and produced effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF). This was followed by a gradual contraction, stable maintenance following lesion resolution, and display of memory (recall) response following secondary challenge. Vaccination with rDLD protein induced strong protection in mice against virulent L. major challenge. Identification of Ags that elicit protective immunity and their responding Ag-specific T cells are critical steps necessary for developing effective vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious agents, including protozoan parasites.
Connectivity as the control key to intensity of flood pulse in Taquari River oxbow lakes
Authors: Güntzel Adriana Maria , Silva William Marcos da , Panarelli Eliana Aparecida
Published: July 2020

The Taquari River is one of the most important tributaries of the Paraguay River, whose sediments are carried and deposited on the plain forming the largest alluvial fan in the world, known as Pantanal. In the floodplain, the course of the river has been modified by the sedimentation process, resulting in lakes with different degrees of connectivity with the river. This study assessed the influence of connectivity on the physical and chemical characteristics of water along a hydrological cycle in oxbow lakes of the Taquari River floodplain, in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly, from May 2005 to June 2006.The physical and chemical data of the water and the variables of river level and rainfall intensity were correlated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Limnological differences resulted from distinct degrees of connectivity between the oxbow lakes and the Taquari River. Variations in the dry and rainy seasons established a gradient that extends over a space-time continuum and generates greater environmental heterogeneity and, consequently, greater biodiversity. Thus we conclude that this mosaic of lakes and the surrounding landscape requires protection and preservation because of its importance for biodiversity conservation.