bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in singing behaviour are predicted by territoriality and biparental care in songbirds
Authors: Odom Karan , Salas Marcelo Araya , Benedict Lauryn , Lim Kristi , Dale James , Webb Wesley , Sheard Catherine , Tobias Joseph , Ball Gregory , Hall Michelle , Langmore Naomi , Webster Michael , Riebel Katharina
Published: April 2024

Pronounced sexual dimorphism is thought to evolve through sexual selection for elaborate male traits. Increasing evidence suggests that sexual dimorphism in traits such as birdsong may also evolve through loss of elaboration in females, but the evolutionary drivers underlying this are obscure. Here we analyse ecological and natural history traits of over 1300 songbird species and show that increased female song incidence and elaboration are most directly associated with year-round territoriality, biparental care, and large body size. Moreover, phylogenetic path analysis indicates that mating system and breeding latitude have only indirect effects. Stable, tropical life histories and mating systems with biparental care promote female song, whereas evolutionary transitions to migration, reduced territoriality, and loss of male care led to losses of female song. Our results provide the first comprehensive framework to understand the drivers of sex differences in birdsong and reveal novel interactions among natural history, social, and sexual selection pressures in the evolution of avian song in both sexes.
On the Neurobiological Basis of Chronotype: Insights from a Multimodal Population Neuroscience Study
Authors: Zhou Le , Saltoun Karin , Carrier Julie , Storch Kai-Florian , Dunbar Robin , Bzdok Danilo
Published: April 2024

The rapid shifts of society have brought about changes in human behavioral patterns, with increased evening activities, increased screen time, and postponed sleep schedules. As an explicit manifestation of circadian rhythms, chronotype is closely intertwined with both physical and mental health. Night owls often exhibit more unhealthy lifestyle habits, are more susceptible to mood disorders, and have poorer physical fitness. Although individual differences in chronotype yield varying consequences, their neurobiological underpinnings remain elusive. Here we carry out a pattern-learning analysis, and capitalize on a vast array of ~ 1,000 phenome-wide phenotypes with three brain-imaging modalities (region volume of gray matter, whiter-matter fiber tracts, and functional connectivity) in 27,030 UK Biobank participants. The resulting multi-level depicts of brain images converge on the basal ganglia, limbic system, hippocampus, as well as cerebellum vermis, thus implicating key nodes in habit formation, emotional regulation and reward processing. Complementary by comprehensive investigations of in-deep phenotypic collections, our population study offers evidence of behavioral pattern disparities linked to distinct chronotype-related behavioral tendencies in our societies.
Unraveling Cation Intercalation Mechanism in MXene for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Yin Xiaodan , Zheng Wei , Tang Haifeng , Yang Li , Lu Chengjie , Pan Long , Zhang Peigen , Sun ZhengMing
Published: April 2024

MXenes are two-dimensional materials with high electrical conductivity, adjustable composition, and tunable surface terminations, endowing them with significant potential for supercapacitors (SCs). However, during etching preparation, the susceptibility to interlayer restacking and the attachment of inactive -F terminations reduce their capacitances and rate performance. To resolve these issues, electrochemistry-driven cation intercalation (ECI) followed by calcination is proposed to widen their interlayer spacing and modify surface chemistry simultaneously. Results show that the Mn-modified Ti3C2Tz exhibits an exceptionally high volumetric capacitance (1655.5 F cm− 3 at 1 mV s− 1, 1.5 times higher than that of pristine Ti3C2Tz) and excellent rate performance (72.3% retention from 1 to 50 A g− 1) due to the unblocked interlayers and the increased -O terminations. Density Functional Theory (DFT) results reveal that the intercalated Mn2+ displayed the largest formation energy difference, manifesting a great driving force to form active -O terminations, which is crucial for improving electrochemical performance. Kinetic analysis reveals that the intercalated Mn2+ increases the termination-related capacitances (pseudocapacitance and diffusion-controlled capacitance) significantly. The asymmetric SCs assembled with Mn-intercalated Ti3C2Tz and nitrogen-doped activated carbon, show the combination of high energy densities at high powers (38.2 Wh L− 1 at 30.1 kW L− 1). The findings clarify how metal cation intercalation affects MXene performance, providing insights for advancing MXene-based electrodes in energy storage applications.
Compilation and Application of Real Global Input-Output Tables
Authors: Shrestha Nagendra
Published: April 2024

This paper attempts to estimate the Global Input-Output tables in real terms using Inter Country Input-Output tables published by OECD, industry-specific producers price indices (for 14 manufacturing industries), Consumers Price indices (for two non-manufacturing industries), and exchange rates with respect to base year 2005. We also conduct basic input-output analysis to see the inter continent (Asia, North America, and Europe) linkage subject to respective final demand and output based on the reorganized nominal and real inter-continent input-output tables for 2020.
JEL classifications: C67, F60
The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy
Authors: Meng Ying , Thornburg Loralei , Dreisbach Caitlin , Orzolek Charlotte , Kautz Amber , Murphy Hannah , Núñez Zorimar Rivera- , Wang Christina , Miller Richard , O'Connor Thomas , Barrett Emily
Published: April 2024

Objective: Intrauterine factors can impact fetal and child growth and may underlie the developmental origins of childhood obesity. Sex steroid hormone exposure during pregnancy is a plausible target because of the impact on placental vascularization, nutrient transportation, bone growth, adipogenesis, and epigenetic modifications. In this study we assessed maternal sex steroid hormones in each trimester in relation to birthweight, neonatal adiposity, and infant growth trajectories, and evaluate sensitive windows of development.
Methods: Participants from a prospective pregnancy cohort who delivered at term were included in the analysis (n=252). Estrone, estradiol, and estriol, as well as total and free testosterone throughout gestation were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Path analyses were used to assess the direct associations of sex steroid hormones in each trimester with birth outcomes and infant growth trajectories (birth to 12 months) adjusting for covariates and considering moderation by sex.
Results: The associations between prenatal sex steroid hormones and fetal/infant growth varied by sex and hormone assessment timing. First trimester estrone were associated with higher birthweight z-scores (β=0.37, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.73) and truncal skinfold thickness (TST) at birth (β=0.94, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.54) in female infants. Third trimester total testosterone was associated with higher TST at birth (β=0.61, 95%CI: 0.02, 1.21) in male infants. First trimester estrone/estradiol and first and third trimesters testosterone were associated with lower probabilities of high stable weight trajectory compared to low stable weight trajectory (Estrone: β=-3.87, 95%CI: -6.59, -1.16; First trimester testosterone: β=-3.53, 95%CI: -6.63, -0.43; Third trimester testosterone: β=-3.67, 95%CI: -6.66, -0.69) during infancy in male infants. Conclusions: We observed associations between prenatal sex steroid hormone exposure and birthweight, neonatal adiposity and infant growth that were sex and gestational timing dependent. Our findings suggest further investigation on additional mechanisms linking prenatal sex steroid exposure and fetal/postnatal growth is needed.
Comparison of effectiveness between phentermine/topiramate and liraglutide in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Park Sung Jun , Ha Yeonjung , Lee Joo Ho , Lee Kwank Sik , Chon Young Eun
Published: April 2024

Anti-obesity drugs improve hepatic inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to compare the effects of phentermine/topiramate and liraglutide in obese NAFLD patients. This retrospective study included 411 obese NAFLD patients (body mass index [BMI] > 25 and detection of fatty liver on ultrasound) who received phentermine/topiramate (n = 303) or liraglutide (n = 108) for more than 12 months. Steatosis was assessed using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Fibrosis was assessed using the fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4), the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and liver stiffness (LS). Improvements in steatosis and fibrosis were defined as ≥ 5% decreases in CAP and LS values, respectively, at 12 months compared with baseline values. Values for baseline mean body weight (phentermine/topiramate vs. liraglutide, 82.3 vs. 81.2 kg) and BMI (30.1 vs. 29.8 kg/m2) were similar between the two groups. Both groups showed significant reductions in steatosis (phentermine/topiramate: CAP, 319→290 dB/m; HSI, 40.6→37.0; liraglutide: CAP, 306→286 dB/m; HSI, 40.3→39.3,all p < 0.001) and fibrosis (phentermine/topiramate: NFS, − 2.5→−2.6; LS, 6.7→5.3kpa; liraglutide: NFS, − 2.4→−2.6, LS, 6.0→5.3kpa,all p < 0.05) after 12 months of treatment compared with baseline values. The Phentermine/topiramate group showed significantly greater weight loss and steatosis reduction than the liraglutide group (Δweight, − 7.5 vs. −4.5 kg, p = 0.001; ΔCAP: −29 vs. −8 dB/m,p < 0.001). Phentermine/topiramate treatment was an independent predictor of steatosis improvemement (odds ratio, 3.817;95% confidence interval,1.618–9.006;p = 0.002). Phentermine/topiramate or liraglutide treatment significantly ameliorated liver steatosis and fibrosis, however, phentermine/topiramate treatment resulted in better steatosis improvement.
Effect of partial vapor pressure variation on convection mechanisms
Authors: Coret Joel
Published: April 2024

Dynamics of cyclogenesis and propagation are poorly explained by current models and sources of energy enabling the growth of cyclonic systems into hurricanes has been incompletely identified. The contribution of the removal of water vapor from convection currents adds a useful component that explains the strong localized depressions that enable the continuity and growth of convective phenomena in depressionary events. Contrary to previous studies, the latent energy of condensation is not what is being considered here, but rather the rapid, localized drop in air pressure due to the elimination of the contribution of the partial pressure of water vapor as it is removed from the atmosphere. Condensation occurs in the convective column as it reaches an altitude where the temperature drops below the dew point temperature. The partial vacuum that results at this altitude further drives the convection, complementing the driving forces such as heat that may have initiated the convection at lower levels. Conversely, the evaporation of water at the surface increases the atmospheric pressure at ground level by adding the partial pressure of newly created water vapor to the surrounding air at this level. This additional pressure is immediately dissipated into the air column by diffusion of the air upwards and can therefore contribute to the formation of convective systems.
Optimizing Immunofluorescence with High-Dynamic-Range Imaging to Enhance PD-L1 Expression Evaluation for 3D Pathology Assessment from NSCLC Tumor Tissue
Authors: Huang Hsien-Neng , Kuo Chun-Wei , Hung Yu-Ling , Yang Chia-Hung , Hsieh Yu-Han , Lin Yu-Chieh , Chang Margaret Dah-Tsyr , Lin Yen-Yin , Ko Jen-Chung
Published: April 2024

Assessing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the golden standard in predicting immunotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, observation of heterogeneous PD-L1 distribution in tumor space is a challenge using IHC only. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence (IF) could support both planar and three-dimensional (3D) histological analyses by combining tissue optical clearing with confocal microscopy. We optimized clinical tissue preparation for the IF assay focusing on staining, imaging, and post-processing to achieve quality identical to traditional IHC assay. To overcome limited dynamic range of the fluorescence microscope’s detection system, we incorporated a high dynamic range (HDR) algorithm to restore the post imaging IF expression pattern and further 3D IF images. Following HDR processing, a noticeable improvement in the accuracy of diagnosis (85.7%) was achieved using IF images by pathologists. Moreover, 3D IF images revealed a 25% change in tumor proportion score for PD-L1 expression at various depths within tumors. We have established an optimal and reproducible process for PD-L1 IF images in NSCLC, yielding high quality data comparable to traditional IHC assays. The ability to discern accurate spatial PD-L1 distribution through 3D pathology analysis could provide more precise evaluation and prediction for immunotherapy targeting advanced NSCLC.
Multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial
Authors: Carratalà Jordi , Abelenda-Alonso Gabriela , Calatayud Laura , Rombauts Alexander , Meije Yolanda , Oriol Isabel , Sopena Nieves , Padullès Ariadna , Niubó Jordi , Duarte Alejandra , Llaberia Jaume , Aranda Judit , Gudiol Carlota , Satorra Pau , Tebé Cristian , Ardanuy Carmen
Published: April 2024

The aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often not identified and patients are overtreated with antibiotics. We assessed whether multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing is safe and more effective than conventional microbiological testing alone for reducing antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this randomised trial, we recruited adult patients hospitalised with CAP at four Spanish hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples plus conventional microbiological testing or conventional microbiological testing alone. The primary endpoint was antibiotic use measured by days of antibiotic therapy (DOT). Between February 20, 2020, and April 24, 2023, 341 patients were assessed for inclusion, of whom 242 were finally enrolled. Of these, 119 were randomly assigned to multiplex real-time PCR plus conventional microbiological testing and 123 to conventional microbiological testing alone. The median DOT was 10.04 (IQR 7.98-12.94) in the multiplex PCR plus conventional microbiological testing group and 11.33 (IQR 8.15-16.16) in the conventional microbiological testing alone group (difference -1.04; 95% CI, -2.42-0.17; p=0.093). No differences between groups were observed in relevant secondary outcomes, including adverse events and 30-day all-cause mortality. Our findings do not support the routine implementation of multiplex real-time PCR in the initial microbiological testing in hospitalised patients with CAP. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of multiplex real-time PCR testing in improving antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in CAP.
Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04158492.
The benefits of hepatitis C viral eradication: a real-world nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chin-Wei , Hsu Wei-Fan , Tseng Kuo-Chih , Chen Chi-Yi , Cheng Pin-Nan , Hung Chao-Hung , Lo Ching-Chu , Bair Ming-Jong , Chen Chien-Hung , Lee Pei-Lun , Lin Chun-Yen , Kuo Hsing-Tao , Chen Chun-Ting , Yang Chi-Chieh , Huang Jee-Fu , Tai Chi-Ming , Hu Jui-Ting , Lin Chih-Lang , Su Wei-Wen , Tsai Wei-Lun , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Cheng Chien-Yu , Lin Chih-Lin , Wang Chia-Chi , Yang Sheng-Shun , Mo Lein-Ray , Chen Guei-Ying , Chang Chun-Chao , Wang Szu-Jen , Huang Chia-Sheng , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Lin Chih-Wen , Lee Tzong-Hsi , Chong Lee-Won , Huang Chien-Wei , Chang Shiuh-Nan , Tsai Ming-Chang , Hsu Shih-Jer , Kao Jia-Horng , Liu Chun-Jen , Liu Chen-Hua , Lin Han-Chieh , Tsai Pei-Chien , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Dai Chia-Yen , Chuang Wan-Long , Yu Ming-Lung , Peng Cheng-Yuan
Published: April 2024

Background
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) increases the risk of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide cohort study assessed the effectiveness of viral eradication of CHC.
Methods
The Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort and Taiwan hepatitis C virus (HCV) registry are nationwide HCV registry cohorts incorporating data from 23 and 53 hospitals in Taiwan, respectively. This study included 27,577 individuals from these cohorts that were given a diagnosis of CHC and with data linked to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients received either pegylated interferon and ribavirin or direct-acting antiviral agent therapy for > 4 weeks for new-onset LC and liver-related events.
Results
Among the 27,577 analyzed patients, 25,461 (92.3%) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). The mean follow-up duration was 51.2 ± 48.4 months, totaling 118,567 person-years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident HCC was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.95, p = 0.052) among noncirrhotic patients without SVR compared with those with SVR, and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.34–2.48) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. The HR for liver-related events, including HCC and decompensated LC, was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.30–2.24) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. Patients with SVR had a lower 10-year cumulative incidence of new-onset HCC than those without SVR did (21.7% versus 38.7% in patients with LC, p < 0.001; 6.0% versus 18.4% in patients without LC, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
HCV eradication reduced the incidence of HCC in patients with and without LC and reduced the incidence of liver-related events in patients with LC.
Could Radiological Parameters Help to Predict the Failure of Ureteral Access Sheath Placement
Authors: ERDOĞAN¹ Erhan , KUZAN Taha Yusuf , Şahinler Emre Burak , KANBEROĞLU¹ Fatih , USLU² Mehmet , ARIKAN Özgür , SOBAY Resul , AŞIK¹ Alper , SARICA Kemal
Published: April 2024

Aim
To identify the radiological parameters which may help to predict the success of ureteral access sheath (UAS) placement during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).
Patients and Methods
The study included 49 patients in whom failure ureteral access sheath placement in RIRS and 49 control group patients who were successfully placement between January 2023 and December 2023. The age, gender, body mass index (BMI), non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), and kidney ureter bladder (KUB) radiographs were compared between the two groups. Measurements of the anteroposterior (ap) diameter of the pelvic inlet, anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet, interspinous distance diameter were taken from non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), while pelvic anteroposterior diameter and pelvic lateral diameter were measured from kidney ureter bladder (KUB) radiography.
Results
There were no significant differences between the groups in age, gender, body mass index, ap pelvic inlet diameter, ap pelvic outlet, and interspinous distance diameter. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the pelvic ap diameter and pelvic lateral diameter values measured on the KUB radiography.
Conclusions
The values for pelvic ap diameter and pelvic lateral diameter measured in the KUB radiographs can be used to predict the likelihood of UAS passage during RIRC procedures. However, further studies with larger patient groups are needed to establish a cut-off value.
Influence of Bifurcation Morphology on Exercise-Induced PAH Deposition in the Lungs: A Computational Modeling Approach for Air Quality Research
Authors: Mutuku Justus Kavita , Kung Hsin-Chieh , Chen Wei-Hsin , Huang Chien-Er , Khoo Kuan Shiong , Show Pau Loke
Published: April 2024

This study examines the influence of lung geometry, physical activity intensity, and aerosol concentration on the deposition efficiencies (DEs) of particulate matter with surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PM-PAHs) in human lung generations 3–6. Two-phase flows were effected in ANSYS 2020R2 platform using planar and orthogonal lung geometries, with two levels of physical activities, 4 Metabolic equivalents (METs), and 8 METs. Aerosol concentrations of 0.95 μg‧m-3, 1.57 μg‧m-3, and 2.04 μg‧m-3 represent rural, urban, and industrial areas, respectively. Relative differences in DEs for 1 μm, 3.2 μm, and 5.6 μm exhibit variations between the two geometries with ranges of 0%–84.4% for 4 METs and 1.2%–50.7% for 8 METs. The first carina region was the most significant hotspot for the 5.6 μm particle-s. On the other hand, the 1 μm and 3.2 μm aerosols infiltrated and deposited evenly at the lower sections of the lungs. Regarding PM-PAHs doses, spatial variations indicate an industrial >urban >rural hierarchy. This investigation suggests that individuals in industrial and urban locations should manage the intensity of their outdoor activities to minimize exposure to PM-PAHs. These findings are instrumental for public health interventions aimed at reducing exposure to PM-PAHs and preventing associated health problems.
Spherulitic orthopyroxene–bearing metaperidotite in Ray-Iz ophiolites (Polar Urals): high-pressure deserpentinization in a mantle wedge
Authors: Ishimaru Satoko , Sonoda Rie , Miura Makoto , Shmelev Vladimir R. , Arai Shoji
Published: April 2024

The Ray-Iz (or Rai-Iz) peridotite massif, the main part of the Paleozoic Ray-Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals, comprises harzburgite, lherzolite, and dunite lenses, which contain abundant chromitite pods. The metaperidotite zone occurs as the ENE-WSW linear zone (width: ~4 km) at the center of the Ray-Iz peridotite massif. We sampled peculiar orthopyroxene-rich peridotites from the metaperidotite zone that contain spherulitic aggregates of orthopyroxene. This investigation provided insights into the key petrologic nature of the Ray-Iz peridotite massif, particularly its P-T history. The orthopyroxene-rich rocks and their surrounding metaperidotites contain various metamorphic minerals, such as tremolite, chlorite, serpentines (lizardite and chrysotile), and talc. Furthermore, the olivine and orthopyroxene grains in these lithologies contain minute inclusions of opaque spinels (ferritchromite and Cr-rich magnetite) and metamorphic minerals (tremolite, chlorite, serpentine minerals, etc.). The spinel occurring both as discrete grains and inclusions in the orthopyroxene-rich rocks exhibits low Al and high Fe3+ concentrations, and the contents of Ca, Al, and Cr in orthopyroxene are extremely low. The presence of high-Fe3+ spinel inclusions in olivine and orthopyroxene, combined with the presence of spherulitic aggregates and the extremely low Ca and Al concentrations in orthopyroxene, indicates deserpentinization as the origin of the metaperidotites, including the orthopyroxene-rich rocks. Contact metamorphism appears to be unbefitting as the cause of the deserpentinization because of the lack of a heat source close to the Ray-Iz massif. Instead, we propose that a hydration–dehydration path resulted from the subduction and exhumation of the forearc mantle wedge peridotite.
Does personality affect the allocation of resources within households?
Authors: Fernández Gastón P.
Published: April 2024

This paper examines whether personality influences the allocation of resources within households. I model households as couples that make Pareto-efficient allocations and divide resources according to a distribution function. Using a sample of Dutch couples from the LISS survey with detailed information on consumption, labor supply, and personality traits at the individual level, I find that personality affects intrahousehold allocations through two channels. Firstly, the level of these traits act as preference factors that shape individual tastes for consumed goods and leisure time. Secondly, by testing distribution factor proportionality and the exclusion restriction of a conditional demand system, I observe that differences in personality between spouses act as distribution factors. Specifically, these differences in personality impact the allocation of resources by affecting the bargaining process within households. For example, women who are relatively more conscientious and engage more cognitively than their male partners receive a larger share of intrafamily resources.
JEL Classification: D1, J12, J22, J24
Advancing Building Damage Classification Accuracy through Machine Learning-based Model Design
Authors: Sajitha I , Sambandam Rakoth Kandan , John Saju P
Published: April 2024

Efficient and accurate classification of building damage holds paramount significance for disaster assessment, response planning, and recovery efforts. This paper introduces a novel approach that harnesses the power of machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of building damage classification. Traditional methods often struggle with complexities such as diverse damage patterns and environmental factors, leading to suboptimal results. In contrast, our proposed model capitalizes on advanced machine learning techniques to effectively discriminate between different levels of building damage. Leveraging a carefully curated dataset encompassing a wide spectrum of damage scenarios, the model employs state-of-the-art algorithms to extract and learn intricate features indicative of damage severity. By doing so, it significantly bolsters the classification accuracy, enabling more precise and informed decision-making during post-disaster scenarios. Our experimental results demonstrate the remarkable potential of this approach, outperforming conventional methods and contributing to the advancement of building damage assessment using machine learning technologies. This research not only propels the accuracy of building damage classification but also underscores the potential of machine learning as a valuable tool in disaster management and recovery.
Isolation, Characterization and Antifungal Behavior of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Fractions from Biowaste Derived Vermiproducts
Authors: Vanimuthu K. , Kavitha K. , Paul J. Arockia John , Kumar P. , Gowrishankar S. , Balachandar R. , Prabhu D. , Rajamanikandan S. , Biruntha M.
Published: April 2024

Humic substances are widespread in the world and are formed from the plant and animal leftovers in the habitat when they are decomposed. The particular stuffs include three major combinations like humin, humic and fulvic acid. There are absolutely some reports available regarding the fungicidal activity of humic constituents. The objective of this study was humic materials determination and isolation from organic wastes and vermicompost deroved using the earthworm Perionyx excavatus for use to strength about the antifungal activity against the human fungal pathogen Candida species. Characterization of the fulvic and humic substances were done by various methods, including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. According to the characterization results, it was observed that humic acid has a structure of honeycomb with fragments and flakes attached to the surface on it. The fractions also have a distinctive physical appearance of lumpy and close-grained. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that certain crystal forms occur in all humic and fulvic acid samples. The absorbances of peak between 250–500 nm have attributed significance nature of the humic acid. Further, total hydroxyls, amines, alkyl, alcoholic contents and acidic functional groups were determined. The growth of fungal Candida species was mainly affected by humic and fulvic acid and can reduce the usage of chemical drug that has several side effects. The earthworm plays major role in breakdown of organic substances to form humic substances, which is present in the vermicompost, vermicast and vermiwash. So, the approach of humic and fulvic acid taken from the vermiproduct is used to treat against the human fungal pathogen Candida species.
Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomic Profiling of Three Feeding Categories of Bats in Tirunelveli District of Tamilnadu, South India
Authors: Sakthivel Balasingh , Sophia Ezhilmathi , Sundararaj Suthakar Isaac , Jayaseelan Merrylin
Published: April 2024

A comparative protein profile of bat wing-tissue samples for three feeding categories of bats such as Insectivorous, Hipposiderous speoris; Carnivorous Megaderma lyra - and Frugivorous Cynopterus sphinx was studied. All the samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Totally, 38 protein spots were paired across all the three categories of samples and 5 differentially expressed proteins were identified. In the present study, it is reported that proteomics-based analysis for three feeding categories reveal the presence of five candidate proteins namely 1) Hemoglobin subunit beta; 2) V(D)J Recombination activating protein 1; 3) Olfactory receptor; 4) Lysozyme and 5) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were identified. Among them, 3 proteins such as Olfactory receptor; Lysozyme and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were up-regulated in M. lyra and C. sphinx compared to H. speoris. Gene ontology analysis reveals three different functional properties of the identified protein such as biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The present study will shed more light on the importance of chiropteran fauna in proteomics and long-term conservation planning of bat populations of the study area.
Isolation, molecular characterisation and screening of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria from compost for enzymatic activity
Authors: Aruogu Pamela Ijeoma , Idoko Matthew Owoicho , Giwa Holy Johnson , Machunga-Mambula Salamatu Sangaljala
Published: April 2024

Some bacteria have been found to produce enzymes and other metabolites that are of industrial and commercial importance. Accurate identification and characterization of these bacteria is therefore essential. This work focused on the isolation and molecular characterization of mesophillic and thermophillic aerobic bacteria from compost. The composting was done for 90 days with initial temperature of the heap after mixing being 30°C which was higher than the environmental temperature (25oC). Bacteria were isolated from the compost using the spread plate method. During the first 15 days, the pile temperature reached 35°C and then increased to 50°C on 45th day and further dropped to 28°C by the 90th day. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis occurred the most, with 23.33% each, followed by Serratia marcescens (10%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas flourescens represented 6.67% each being the least available isolates. The quantities of the cellulase enzyme produced showed that Bacillus subtilis had the highest cellulase and xylanase, giving 26.18 ± 0.10 and 24.10 ± 0.12 enzyme unit (EU) respectively. This was followed by Bacillus licheniformis which produced 25.10 ± 0.20EU and 22.50 ± 0.20EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Bacillus cereus with 22.14 ± 0.11EU and 20.02 ± 0.02EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Serratia marcescens with 20.09 ± 0.14EU and 18.20 ± 0.18EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Staphylococcus aureus with 19.22 ± 0.21EU and 17.40 ± 0.17EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively, Pseudomonas flourescens 18.50 ± 0.50 EU and 16.33 ± 0.25EUfor cellulase and xylanase respectively and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16.20 ± 0.21 EU and 14.11 ± 0.08 EU for cellulase and xylanase respectively being the least value. Although substantial amount of enzymes were produced but, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the cellulase and xylanase activities produced by isolated thermophillic and mesophillic bacteria from compost.
Food Inflation in India: An Econometrics analysis
Authors: Singh Agamjot
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the dynamics of food inflation in India, analysing data from 1982-83 to 2019-20 to understand the effects of real rural wages, minimum support prices (MSP), and trade liberalisation. Utilising the Johansen Cointegration Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Chow Test for structural breaks, we uncover the long-term and short-run relationships influencing food prices. Our findings highlight the significant role of policy adjustments and income factors, alongside identifying structural shifts in the inflationary trend. This research offers valuable insights for crafting policies to achieve food price stability while ensuring economic welfare, thus enriching the dialogue on managing food inflation in India.
Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur bei Epilepsiepatienten ohne Läsionsnachweis mittels quantitativer MRT-Techniken
Authors:   , Hamid Celona
Published: April 2024

Die vorliegende Studie widmete sich der Untersuchung von mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften im Gehirn von Patienten mit Epilepsie, bei denen im herkömmlichen Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) keine strukturellen Anomalien festgestellt wurden. Epilepsie ist eine komplexe neurologische Störung, die durch wiederkehrende epileptische Anfälle gekennzeichnet ist. I Bisher wurde die Beeinträchtigung der Hirnmikrostruktur in dieser Gruppe kaum erforscht, obwohl aufgrund pathologischer Umstrukturierungen zerebraler Netzwerke, neuronaler Hyperaktivität und Hypersynchronisation ähnliche Schäden wie bei Patienten mit sichtbaren Läsionen angenommen werden könnten. Zur Untersuchung der zerebralen Mikrostruktur wurden in dieser Studie hochauflösende quantitative Tl-, T2- und Protonendichte (PD)-Verfahren in Kombination mit einer Gewebesegmentierung auf Basis synthetischer Anatomien verwendet. Es wurden insgesamt 27 Epilepsiepatienten rekrutiert, bei denen mittels herkömmlicher MRT keine strukturellen Läsionen im Gehirn festgestellt wurden. Die MRT-Daten wurden mit einem 3-Tesla-MAGNETOM-TRlO-MR-Scanner erfasst, der mit einer 8-Kanal-Kopfspule ausgestattet war. Die quantitative MRTTechnik ermöglichte die Messung von Tl-, T2- und PD Werten, um die mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften des kortikalen Gewebes zu analysieren. Die kortikale graue Substanz wurde analysiert, indem zur Vermeidung von Partialvolumeneffekten Tl-, T2- und PD-Werte aus den zentralen 20% des Kortex ausgelesen und in Oberflächendatensätzen gespeichert wurden. Die Gruppenvergleiche wurden dann mittels statistischer Analysen (allgemeines lineares Modell) und Permutationssimulationen durchgeführt, um Cluster zu identifizieren, die auf mögliche Gruppenunterschiede hinweisen. Für die weiße und tiefe graue Substanz erfolgte eine „region of interest"-basierte Analyse und eine Voxel-weise Analyse. Die beschriebenen Analysen der quantitativen MRT-Daten zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Tl-, T2- oder PD-Werte zwischen den Gruppen. Weder in der grauen noch weißen Substanz ergaben sich demnach Hinweise auf mikrostrukturelle Veränderungen bei Patienten mit MRT-negativer Epilepsie. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zukünftige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen erforderlich sein werden, um die maßgeblichen Faktoren und Mechanismen zu ermitteln, die zur mikrostrukturellen Schädigung von Gehirngewebe in unterschiedlichen Untergruppen von Epilepsiepatienten beitragen.
A statistical study of travelling ionospheric disturbances over the African-European and American sectors
Authors:   , Thaganyana Golekamang Piet
Published: April 2024

This research presents a long-term statistical study of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) of low- and high-latitude origin over the American and African-European sectors between 2010 and 2018. The TIDs of low latitude origin (hereafter known as poleward TIDs) were studied in both quiet and disturbed conditions, whereas the equatorward TIDs were only studied during quiet conditions. The Kp > 4 and Dst_ -50 nT was used as a criterion for geomagnetic disturbed conditions, while the four geomagnetically quiet days were selected each month based on Kp < 3. Observations of TIDs are made using Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content derived data. During quiet conditions, seven and two transhemispheric TIDs were identified over the African-European and American sectors, respectively. The observed TIDs originated from the wintertime hemisphere and propagated into the summertime hemisphere. The horizontal velocity, periods, and horizontal wavelengths of TIDs are in range of cH = 120-274 m/s, 48-80 min and _H = 379-1104 km, respectively. These quiet-time equatorward TIDs have been associated with tertiary gravity waves (GWs) from the dissipation of secondary GWs which are in turn generated from the dissipation of mountain waves (MWs) as a result of excited orographic forcing. The poleward TIDs during geomagnetically quiet conditions over the African and American sectors occur mainly during local daytime. Poleward TIDs were observed mostly in the African-European sector than the American sector. Their horizontal propagation velocities and periods range between 129-280 m/s and 39-70 min over African-European and American sectors. Although the mechanisms responsible for launching quiet-time poleward TIDs have not been established in this study, lower atmospheric processes such as convection systems, sudden stratospheric warming and cold weather fronts may have a role in their generation. During geomagnetic storms in the African sector, almost all poleward TIDs (with the exception of two cases) during the main phase were large-scale with horizontal velocities and periods ranging from 250-503 m/s and 30 min to 2 hours. During recovery phase, poleward TIDs fall under the category of medium scale. In the American sector, the majority of poleward TIDs occurred during the storm's main phase, as opposed to the African-European sector, which experienced a significant number of poleward TIDs during the recovery phase. The periods and horizontal velocities of TIDs range from 45 min-1.5 h and 180-296 m/s during main phase. During the recovery phase, the horizontal velocity and period range from 177-271 m/s and 40-1.5 h, respectively. Overall, it has been shown that statistically, changes in equatorial electrodynamics related to enhanced eastward electric _eld and hence increased equatorial electrojet (vertical E_B drift) correlates highly with the reported poleward TIDs.
Grammatical Cohesion in Discourse Translation: A Case Study of The Old Man and the Sea Translated by Wu Lao
Authors: Cai Sumin
Published: April 2024

Discourse is used as the basic translation unit in most literary translations. Discourse translation should pay more attention to textual cohesion. Cohesion refers to that the parts of one paragraph are connected grammatically or lexically. This connection may exist between different sentences or several parts of a sentence. Cohesion is an important feature of discourses and the core of discourse research. This paper will take Hemingway's novel The Old Man and the Sea and Mr. Wu Lao's translation as examples to show the concrete embodiment and application of grammatical cohesion in literary translation.
My Psychiatrist Good and Bad Clinical Practice
Authors: - Anon
Published: April 2024

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RESTITUTION OF PROPERTY IN SERBIA TO CITIZENS OF THE FORMER SFRY REPUBLICS
Authors: Janić Aleksandar
Published: April 2024

In the 1990s, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was broken up into constituent republics. After gaining independence, all the newly formed states, with the exception of Bosnia and Herzegovina, initiated procedures for the return of seized property and compensation to the former owners, or their legal heirs. Slovenia was the first to begin the comprehensive restitution process, followed by Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. If we exclude Bosnia and Herzegovina which still has not passed a law on restitution, Serbia was the last to start solving this extremely sensitive issue. The return of seized property in the Republic of Serbia to applicants who are foreign citizens is regulated in such a way that the right to return is held by natural persons – foreign citizens; in case of their death or declaration of death, the right passes on to their legal heirs, under the condition of reciprocity. It is assumed that there is reciprocity with the country that did not regulate the restitution of property if a domestic citizen can acquire property rights and inherit immovable property in that country. This paper presents and analyses data on the current course of returning seized property and compensation to citizens of the former SFRY republics.
De Jesús Santiago Juana, Construcción del derecho a la verdad. Una mirada desde el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y su impacto en Latinoamérica, México, UNAM-CIALC, 2022
Authors: Orduña Trujillo Eva Leticia
Published: April 2024

Reseña del libro Construcción del derecho a la verdad. Una mirada desde el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y su impacto en Latinoamérica,  de Juana de Jesús Santiago (México, CIALC-UNAM, 2022).
Reseña: José Gaos (2022). Filosofía de la técnica
Authors: Zirión Quijano Antonio
Published: April 2024

Reseña del libro Filosofía de la técnica, del autor José Gaos, por Antonio Zirión Quijano.
Análisis de la Contaminación Atmosférica en Sudamérica durante la Propagación de COVID-19
Authors: Martínez Burgos Walter José , Lima Serra Josilene , Parody Muñoz Alexander Elías , Wedderhoff Herrmann Leonardo , Gallego Cartagena Euler , Paternina-Arboleda Carlos , Thomas Soccol Vanete , Santiago Martínez Vera Judith , Soccol Carlos Ricardo
Published: April 2024

La pandemia mundial causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 originó un impacto significativo en varios sectores de la sociedad, como por ejemplo: la salud, la ciencia y la economía, y sobre todo un cambio notable en los aspectos ambientales. El presente estudio se centró en un análisis sobre la propagación del COVID-19 en Sudamérica, destacando los impactos de las políticas de bloqueo en la calidad del aire de las principales ciudades de 13 países durante la pandemia; además, por medio de modelos estadísticos de regresión simple se caracterizó el comportamiento de los casos acumulados diarios de Covid-19 en los 13 países analizados. La estrategia de cierre fue una de las primeras medidas adoptadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para controlar la propagación del coronavirus, reduciendo significativamente el tráfico y las actividades industriales. Esta medida demostró mejorar sorprendentemente la calidad del aire en cuatro de las 13 ciudades sudamericanas estudiadas, a saber: Guarulhos (Brasil), Santiago de Chile (Chile), Bogotá (Colombia) y Lima (Perú); con reducciones de PM2,5, PM10 y ozono (O3). El comportamiento de la propagación del COVID-19 en Sudamérica y los análisis de impacto ambiental proporcionados en este trabajo demuestran el intenso efecto de las actividades comerciales e industriales, y pueden ser utilizados para subvencionar futuras reducciones de la contaminación y de las enfermedades.
Security Enhancement of Forensic Evidences Using Blockchain
Authors: Snehal Jagdale , Rutuja Nimse , Kajal Pokharkar , G Prof. Sinalkar M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The traditional methods of handling forensic evidence are susceptible to manipulation and tampering, raising concerns about their integrity andadmissibility in court. This project explores the potential of blockchain technology to enhance the security of forensic evidence. Blockchain, a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger system, offers several key advantages for forensic evidence management: Immutability: Once data is recorded on the blockchain, it becomes virtually impossible to alter or delete, ensuring the authenticity and integrityof the evidence. Transparency: Every transaction involving the evidence, from collection to analysis, is securely recorded on the blockchain, promoting transparency and accountability throughout the chain of custody. Traceability: The complete history of the evidence can be easily traced on the blockchain, allowing for verification of its origin and handling at every stage. This project proposes a system that utilizes blockchain technology to manage and secure forensic evidence. The system offers a secure andtransparent platform for handling evidence, potentially improving the reliability and effectiveness of the legal process.
Evaluation of Dimensions Impacting the Housing Property Retail Price in Noida: An Empirical Study
Authors: Bisaria Shresth , Sharma Dr. Samarth
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study looks into the various aspects that affect how housing properties are priced at retail. Understanding the complex interactions between various factors is essential for stakeholders in the modern real estate market, from developers and investors to legislators. The research uses a thorough methodology, examining structural, locational, economic, and demographic aspects that affect housing property values. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complex web of influences shaping retail prices in the housing market by synthesising existing literature and utilising cutting-edge analytical tools. The study's insights may help real estate market players navigate the complexity and uncertainty involved in housing property pricing, which could influence strategic decision-making in the industry. Ultimately, this study adds to the larger conversation about affordable housing, stable markets, and urban development that is sustainable.
Drug Classification and Repurposing Using Decision Tree Algorithm and Data Analysis
Authors: Janardhanan Y. , Prathyush S. , Chitesh K. , Bhavesh P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Fundamentally, drugs are substances that exhibit the capacity to alter biological functions, often serving as interventions to mitigate ailments or enhance physiological processes. However, the landscape of drug development and usage is undergoing transformation, fueled by innovative strategies that hold the promise of revolutionizing healthcare solutions. This research paper explores drug classification and repurposing through the utilization of decision tree algorithms and data analysis. Specifically, the aim is to classify drugs into three distinct types: Drug X which is most used drugs, Drug Y which is less frequently used drugs, and Drug C includes drugs like narcotics. Decision tree algorithms are employed to discern the defining attributes that categorize drugs into these types. By analyzing comprehensive datasets encompassing drug properties, interactions, and clinical outcomes, the study harnesses decision tree models to predict drug classifications accurately. This approach holds the potential to accelerate drug discovery, optimize treatment strategies, and contribute to more efficient healthcare solutions. The proposed algorithm is compared with both Naïve Bayes and K - Nearest Neighbors algorithms to prove it is more accurate. Ultimately, the significance of this paper transcends the boundaries of conventional drug development paradigms and to overcome the problem of shortage of drugs.
Review Paper on Analysis and Design of Residential G+4 Building by Using STAAD Pro
Authors: Hepat Prajakta
Published: April 2024

Abstract: It is important for designers to save time in order to be competitive in the increasingly competitive market. There are many ways to examine different frames using paper and pencil, such as the kani’s method, cantilever method, the portal method and the matrix method. However, with the help of the integration of various engineering methods, the determination of various changes in the calculation text (i.e. text-based), durability, deformation are failures caused by hidden objects has changed and brought this system to a new level.