bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Outcome of Methadone Maintenance Treatment with the Negative Treatment Indicators Content Scale from the MMPI-2
Authors: Craig Robert J. , Olson Ronald E.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Negative Treatment Indicators content scale from the MMPI-2 were not significantly correlated with 5 measures of treatment outcome among 108 male patients on methadone maintenance. These results and those from other studies using this content scale as an independent variable with substance abusers suggest that the scale has yet to demonstrate consistent predictive validity with this population.
Measuring Market Orientation: Further Evidence on Narver and Slater's Three-Component Scale
Authors: Chakrabarty Subhra , Rogé Joseph N.
Published: August 2011

A mail survey of a national random sample of 2,000 marketing managers was conducted. The data provided by 222 respondents were analyzed to assess the dimensionality of Narver and Slater's 15-item measure of market orientation. A confirmatory factor analysis, using LISREL 8.53, provided support for each of the separate dimensions of customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination. However, a combined 3-factor model of market orientation was not supported. Directions for research are suggested.
Pastoral Response to the Clinton-Lewinsky Affair in Conservative and Liberal Churches
Authors: Johnson Stephen D.
Published: August 2011

The study examined what factors led pastors to say something either negative or positive about former President Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky for a sample from “Middletown.” There was no significant difference between three Protestant categories (Holiness/Pentecostal, white conservative Protestant, and mainline Protestant) in whether ministers said something or not. Analysis for those who said something indicated that the ministers who made the most critical statements in their sermons were from the most conservative/orthodox of our category of churches, i.e., Holiness/Pentecostal congregations, from the strictest churches and from churches with the greatest number of Republicans (betas were .30, .26, and .19, respectively). Also, members of Holiness/Pentecostal churches were more likely to be working class but not more Republican. Possible explanations are discussed.
“Justification of Effort” in Rats: Effects of Physical and Discriminative Effort on Reward Value
Authors: Jellison Jenny L.
Published: August 2011

The justification of effort is the tendency for humans to justify the amount of work they have put into an achievement by increasing the perceived value of that achievement after the effort has been expended. A positive effect of effort on reward value has also been reported for pigeons and starlings. The present study examined the effects of different amounts of required physical and discriminative effort on primary reward value in rats. On each day of training, rats underwent one high-effort training session and one low-effort training session in an operant chamber to earn either a grape-flavored reward pellet or a bacon-flavored reward pellet. Half of the rats exerted high effort to earn the grape pellets and low effort to earn the bacon pellets, with the arrangement reversed for the other half. On each test trial, each rat had the opportunity to consume 3 pellets of each flavor at the choice point in a T-maze. Analysis indicated no significant difference between the frequency of high-effort flavor choices and low-effort flavor choices. A positive effect of effort on reward value was not demonstrated in this experiment.
Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kozmar Damir , Čatipović-Veselica Katija , Galić Andrea , Habek Jasna
Published: August 2011

This study examined the prevalence of depression based on scores of 200 patients with acute coronary syndrome on the Emotion Profile Index of Plutchik and its relationship with the type of acute coronary syndrome and the severity of ischemic heart disease. Patients with acute coronary syndrome scored higher on depression than the control group. There was no difference in scores on Depression by type of acute coronary syndrome and no significant mean differences on Depression for patients with and without left ventricular failure. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation scored lower on Depression than other patients with acute myocardial infarction and control group. This study supports the view that patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation and lower scores on Depression have good prognosis during hospitalization and maybe for the long term.
The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation in Kuwait and United States
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Kuwaiti ( n = 460) and American ( n = 273) college students responded to the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale in Arabic and English languages, respectively. Coefficients alpha were .93 and .95, while the item-remainder correlations ranged from .37 to .75 and from .33 to .81 for the Kuwaiti and American samples, respectively. Three factors were identified for the Kuwaiti sample: (1) Cognitive/Affective, (2) Somatic, and (3) Behavioral/Subjective Anxiety and two factors for the American sample: (1) Cognitive/Affective/Behavioral and (2) Somatic Anxiety. The Kuwaiti sample had significantly higher mean scores on 13 of the 20 items and on the total scale score than the American sample. Sex differences were significant in both countries. By and large, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale seems viable in the American and Kuwaiti contexts.
Multimethod Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory—II and Grossman-Cole Depression Inventory with an Inpatient Sample
Authors: Cole Jason C. , Grossman Ira , Prilliman Claudia , Hunsaker Eric
Published: August 2011

Psychometric examination of the Beck Depression Inventory–II has been adequate and varied for outpatient and nonclinical samples, but is still comparatively scant for inpatient psychiatric samples. In particular, important factor analytic questions have not been assessed on inpatient samples at all. Given that over time alone (regardless of symptom change) test scores on depression measures can spuriously drop, a convergent psychometric analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory–II was undertaken with a new measure of depression severity, the Grossman-Cole Depression Inventory. A sample of 101 psychiatric inpatients was administered both tests. Item and scale level psychometrics were reviewed for each measure. Results were highly consistent with previous findings, providing support for the use of the Beck Depression Inventory–II with inpatient samples. Moreover, the new inventory performed quite well, suggesting it has promise as another measure for self-reported depression symptom severity. The Beck Depression Inventory–II appears appropriately considered as a single-factor hierarchical measure of depression with the current inpatient sample. Moreover, the Grossman-Cole Depression Inventory is related enough to the Beck inventory to provide adequate similarity without being so similar the measures duplicate each other.
Effects of Situational Conditions on Students' Views of Business Ethics
Authors: Matsui Tamao , Kakuyama Takashi , Tsuzuki Yukie
Published: August 2011

This study investigated undergraduates' responses regarding selected ethical issues facing managers and employees of today's businesses. The focus of the study lies in the influences of two situational variables (organizational roles and prospects) on students' response pattern. Japanese students (306 men and 81 women, M = 20.1 yr., SD = 2.2) imagined that they were managers or operative employees of a middle-sized manufacturing company and that their company had high or low prospects. The response pattern tended to be more ethical for “managers,” whereas the response pattern tended to be less ethical for “employees” in a “low prospect” than in a “high prospect” company.
Relationship between God-Image and Religious Behaviors
Authors: Buchko Kathleen J. , Witzig Theodore F.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between God-image and religious behaviors. Participants were 344 undergraduate students at a private midwestern university. Analysis showed strong correlations among three aspects of God-image (presence, acceptance, and challenge) and six items that measured religious practices and religiously motivated volitional behaviors. The findings held when data were controlled for racial and religious diversity. As such, these results differed from an earlier study indicating religious practices to be independent of God-image.
Evaluating an All-Ranks Military Staff Ride
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Turek David E. , McCarthy Daniel
Published: August 2011

Outcomes for a staff ride to a Missouri Civil War battlefield by enlisted personnel and officers of the Army Reserve were evaluated. As expected, enlisted personnel and junior officers were much less likely to have participated in a staff ride previously. Nearly all soldiers expressed an interest in going on another all-ranks staff ride, and a statistically significant gain was achieved in expressed interest in American Civil War history. Most personnel agreed or strongly agreed with the concept of an all-ranks staff ride. There were few differences among officers and enlisted personnel in the success of the outcomes evaluated. However, learning seemed to be maximal among those with an intermediate level of previous staff ride experience.
Schemata and Attitudes toward Persons with Intellectual Disability in Japan
Authors: Tachibana Toshiaki , Watanabe Kanji
Published: August 2011

375 parents of pupils were asked to respond to 14 questions on attitudes toward persons with intellectual disability. About 30% of variance in attitude was explained by a set of variables. The effects of schemata concerning person with intellectual disability had a great effect on attitudes toward such persons. The guess of a greater contribution of heredity as the basis of intellectual disability and of fewer such persons in the future of their own families than in the general population was associated with greater negative attitudes toward persons with intellectual disability. As these estimations relate to teachable information, the attitudes might be improved.
Involuntary Sex Experienced by Homeless Young People: A Public Health Problem
Authors: Rosenthal Doreen , Mallett Shelley
Published: August 2011

The incidence of involuntary sex among homeless young people is considerably higher than in the general population. The most common reason for unwanted sex is being drunk or high at the time. There is a need for programs that provide homeless young people with knowledge and decision-making skills to enable them to avoid unwanted sex and thus exposure to adverse sexual health outcomes.
Construct Validity of the Adolescent Resilience Scale
Authors: Oshio Atsushi , Kaneko Hitoshi , Nagamine Shinji , Nakaya Motoyuki
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Adolescent Resilience Scale which measures the psychological features of resilient individuals. Research involving this scale, the Negative Life Events Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire was conducted with a group of 207 Japanese undergraduate students (104 men and 103 women; M age = 20.2 yr., SD =.9). A cluster analysis for the Negative Life Events Scale and General Health Questionnaire yielded three clusters: (1) mentally healthy with little experience of Negative Life Events, (2) poorer mental health with many experiences of Negative Life Events, (3) mentally healthy despite many experiences of Negative Life Events. These three groups were defined as (1) Well Adjusted, (2) Vulnerable, and (3) Resilient, respectively. Mean differences in scores on the Adolescent Resilience Scale among the three groups were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The mean scores of both the Well Adjusted and Resilient groups were higher than that of the Vulnerable group, and therefore support the construct validity of the Adolescent Resilience Scale.
Age-Related Parenting Stress Differences in Mothers of Children with Spina Bifida
Authors: Macias Michelle M. , Saylor Conway F. , Rowe Brandy P. , Bell Nancy L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined whether ages of child and parent were risk factors for general parenting stress and disability-specific stress in families of children with spina bifida. Parents of 64 children with spina bifida completed the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, Parents of Children with Disabilities Inventory, and measures of family support and resources. Scores of families with children under 6 years (preschool) versus 6- to 12-yr.-old children (school age) were compared, as were scores of mothers above or below Age 35. Parents of school-aged children reported significantly higher stress on the Concerns for the Child domain of the Parents of Children with Disabilities Inventory. Mothers over 35 tended to report higher stress in the Concerns for the Child and Medical/Legal Concerns domains of the Parents of Children with Disabilities Inventory. No associations with medical severity, socioeconomic status, family resources, or family support were detected. As the children age and disability-related differences become more apparent, the same level of functioning and severity of disability may be associated with additional parenting stress. Older mothers and those with school-age children may need more resources than current social support systems typically provide.
Correlations among Symptoms of Depression and Problematic Eating Patterns in Intercollegiate Athletes
Authors: Bravata Erica A. , Storch Eric A. , Storch Jason B.
Published: August 2011

Using self-report questionnaires, depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory–II and problematic eating patterns as measured by the Eating Disorders Inventory were not significantly correlated for 57 (39 women) Division I varsity intercollegiate athletes.
Correlational Analysis of Microcog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—III for a Clinical Sample of Veterans
Authors: Johnson J. Amanda , Rust Ames O.
Published: August 2011

With rapid advances in technology and an emphasis in efficiency in psychological testing, there is a need to investigate the relation between a computerized cognitive examination and a traditional individually administered intelligence test. The current study provided correlations of intelligence scores from MicroCog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning and intelligence scores from WAIS–III. MicroCog is a single computerized test measuring intelligence and the WAIS–III is a single traditionally administered test measuring intelligence. The study included 30 participants referred for psychological testing at a Veterans Medical Center in Tennessee as part of the standard intake process. Half of the participants were administered MicroCog first and half the WAIS–III first. Analysis indicated scores on the two tests were positively correlated. Index scores measuring similar constructs also were positively correlated. However, MicroCog was significantly more difficult than the WAIS–III in that scores were, on average, lower on MicroCog.
A Re-Analysis of Price's “Islam and Human Rights: A Case of Deceptive First Appearances”
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: August 2011

Daniel Price in his analysis of Islamic Political Culture and Human Rights concluded that “… government rooted in Islam does not facilitate the abuse of human rights.” A re-analysis of his data for 23 Islamic governments demonstrates otherwise. There is a significant trend ( p < .03), despite the low statistical power available in only 23 cases, for an inverted quadratic relationship between Islamic Political Culture and Human Rights. Among the nations scoring low on Islamic Political Culture, the correlation between the two variables is –.01 (ns); among those scoring high on Islamic Political Culture, the correlation shifts to –.78 ( p < .02). At lower scores for Islamic Political Culture, there may indeed be little relationship between Political Culture and Human Rights; however, at higher scores there appears to be a significant relationship between increasing Islamic Political Culture and a decline in Human Rights. The data suggest that extreme applications of Sharia law (if not any secular or religious legal system) may have serious implications for human rights—or at least, Western Euro-American conceptualizations of human rights. At the same time, support for human rights may increase as Islamic governments shift from mostly secular to moderate applications of Islamic law.
Sex Differences in Relations of Cardiorespiratory and Mood Changes Associated with Self-Selected Amounts of Cardiovascular Exercise
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: August 2011

44 formerly sedentary men ( n = 22) and women ( n = 22) self-selected cardiovascular exercise intensities, durations, and frequencies for 12 wk. A mean of approximately 2 exercise sessions/week, for 28 to 29 min./session were completed, and small ( ds = .30 to .35) but significant ( p < .05) cardiorespiratory (VO2 max) improvements were found. Reductions in Depression and Tension scores on the Profile of Mood States were also significant ( ps < .05) over the 12 wk. No sex differences were found for change on any of the variables of interest. Analysis showed no significant correlations between change on either Depression and Tension scores, and change in VO2 max, over the 12 wk. Limitations and the need for replication with a control group were discussed. The possible advantages of allowing new and returning exercisers to self-select initial physical activity amounts were discussed.
Voice Development for Educational Communication - between Reflection and Experience
Authors: Nohavová Alena , Slavík Jan
Published: August 2011

Rozvoj hlasu pro pedagogickou komunikaci - mezi reflexí a prožitkem
Glacier distribution and direction in Svalbard, Axel Heiberg Island and throughout the Arctic: General northward tendencies
Authors: Evans Ian
Published: August 2011

Glacier distribution and direction in Svalbard, Axel Heiberg Island and throughout the Arctic: General northward tendencies

Arctic glaciers depend on supply of moisture, mostly from the Atlantic. The snowline is remarkably high in northeast Siberia, remote from this source. Because of differential solar radiation receipt, local glaciers have a northward-facing tendency throughout the Arctic. This is weaker than in dry mid-latitudes but low sun angles enhance the effects of shading, compensating for the broader range of aspects (i.e.slope directions) illuminated in summer. Statistics from the World Glacier Inventory and other sources show that mass balance differences between slopes of different aspects give both more glaciers, and lower glaciers, facing the favoured direction: usually North. This is clear, for example, for local glaciers (and for all small glaciers) in central Spitsbergen and in Axel Heiberg Island. Wind effects (drifting snow to leeward slopes) are much less important, except in northwest Europe from Norway to Novaya Zemlya which is under the strong influence of westerly winds, greatest in the Polar and Sub-polar Urals. A thorough analysis is provided of aspect data for local glaciers within and near the Arctic Circle, and of variation in glacier mid-altitude with aspect and position. There is consistency between mean glacier aspect (in terms of numbers) and aspect with lowest glaciers, everywhere except in Wrangel Island.
Schmidt hammer tests across a recently deglacierized rocky coastal zone in Spitsbergen - is there a "coastal amplification" of rock weathering in polar climates?
Authors: Strzelecki Mateusz
Published: August 2011

Schmidt hammer tests across a recently deglacierized rocky coastal zone in Spitsbergen - is there a "coastal amplification" of rock weathering in polar climates?

A significant limit to current understanding of cold coast evolution is the paucity of field observations regarding development of rocky coastlines and, in particular, lack of precise recognition of mechanisms controlling rock coast geomorphology in polar climates. Results are presented from a pilot survey of rock resistance using Schmidt Hammer Rock Tests (SHRT) across the recently deglacierized Nordenskioldbreen forefield and coastal zone, in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The aim is to improve understanding of the effects of rock weathering on high latitude coasts. SHRT across a field of roches moutonnées of meta-morphic rocks, uncovered from ice over the last century and exposed to the operation of littoral processes, demonstrated significant relationships between rock surface resistance and distance from present shoreline, distance from the ice cliff as well as thickness of the snow cover. Sites closest to the present-day shoreline were characterized by lower resistance in comparison with more inland locations. The result support models that advocate intensification of weathering processes in cold region coastal settings.
Redefining Diagnostic Symptoms of Depression Using Rasch Analysis: Testing an Item Bank Suitable for DSM-V and Computer Adaptive Testing
Authors: Mitchell Alex J. , Smith Adam B. , Al-salihy Zerak , Rahim Twana A. , Mahmud Mahmud Q. , Muhyaldin Asma S.
Published: August 2011

Objective: We aimed to redefine the optimal self-report symptoms of depression suitable for creation of an item bank that could be used in computer adaptive testing or to develop a simplified screening tool for DSM-V.

Method: Four hundred subjects (200 patients with primary depression and 200 non-depressed subjects), living in Iraqi Kurdistan were interviewed. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the presence of major depression (DSM-IV criteria). We examined symptoms of depression using four well-known scales delivered in Kurdish. The Partial Credit Model was applied to each instrument. Common-item equating was subsequently used to create an item bank and differential item functioning (DIF) explored for known subgroups.

Results: A symptom level Rasch analysis reduced the original 45 items to 24 items of the original after the exclusion of 21 misfitting items. A further six items (CESD13 and CESD17, HADS-D4, HADS-D5 and HADS-D7, and CDSS3 and CDSS4) were removed due to misfit as the items were added together to form the item bank, and two items were subsequently removed following the DIF analysis by diagnosis (CESD20 and CDSS9, both of which were harder to endorse for women). Therefore the remaining optimal item bank consisted of 17 items and produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.987. Using a bank restricted to the optimal nine items revealed only minor loss of accuracy (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity 96%, specificity 95%). Finally, when restricted to only four items accuracy was still high (AUC was still 0.976; sensitivity 93%, specificity 96%).

Conclusions: An item bank of 17 items may be useful in computer adaptive testing and nine or even four items may be used to develop a simplified screening tool for DSM-V major depressive disorder (MDD). Further examination of this item bank should be conducted in different cultural settings.
Adaptability and Sustainability of an Indigenous Australian Family Wellbeing Initiative in the Context of Papua New Guinea: A Follow Up
Authors: Kitau Russel , Tsey Komla , McCalman Janya , Whiteside Mary
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper describes the follow-up phase of a pilot collaborative initiative between the University of Papua New Guinea and James Cook University aimed at determining the relevance of an Indigenous Australian Family Wellbeing (FWB) empowerment program in the context of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It describes opportunities and challenges involved in adapting and sustaining the FWB approach to the PNG context. Two evaluation questionnaires were administered to 60 course participants.

Conclusions: Findings revealed that the course was relevant, adaptable and could readily be integrated with other health programs. In the context of PNG's target to meet its United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015, the Family Wellbeing approach offers an innovative approach to enhance existing health and community development initiatives.
Work in Progress: Creative Recovery to Creative Livelihoods
Authors: Leenders Michelle , Dyer Geraldine M. , Saunders Vicki
Published: August 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an update on the performative outcomes of the Creative Recovery project, an innovative community based Arts in Health initiative, since the initial launch in Lockhart River 2008, expansion to Aurukun in 2009, and Mornington Island in 2010.

Results: With works from those three communities, the exhibition Work In Progress was launched during the Creating Futures Conference 2010. Selections from that exhibition are presented here.

Conclusions: The Arts in Health model is both a culturally appropriate and sustainable model for the meaningful engagement of Indigenous people living in remote communities experiencing mental health problems. These types of projects offer unique opportunities for social enterprise, utilizing creativity as the tool for social inclusion. It has the potential to provide a niche economic opportunity which builds on the notion of recovery as incorporating meaningful livelihoods.
Anxiety In Children: Remote Area Sensitivities and Considered Changes in Structuring a Cool Kids Approach
Authors: Davies Michael
Published: August 2011

Objective: To explore the feasibility of utilizing Cool Kids, a mainstream resource based on cognitive behavioural principles, to address acute and chronic anxiety with Aboriginal children in a remote setting.

Results: Evidence from the literature suggests some symptomatic differences and learning challenges which demand consideration prior to implementation in this population. In particular, cultural sensitivities in many areas need to be respected, as does the sense of interconnectedness in terms of self and thinking.

Conclusions: Given sufficient knowledge, appropriate cultural protocol, and concentration on engagement it should be possible to use an adapted Cool Kids program to decrease the high levels of anxiety in a remote Indigenous population. Being aware of the differences in western and Indigenous thinking and learning will help direct adaptation.
“The Family Is the Clinic, the Community Is the Hospital”: Community Mental Health in Timor-Leste
Authors: Hawkins Zoe , Tilman Teofilo
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper describes the history and recent development of mental health services in Timor-Leste, a small developing country recovering from conflict. Challenges to effective service delivery are discussed as well as plans for future development.

Conclusions: Timor-Leste's mental health service began just over a decade ago. Unlike many other low and middle income countries where hospital-based services predominate, the mental health model in Timor-Leste is entirely community based. However, challenges to effective mental health care delivery are similar to most developing countries and include a lack of sufficient financial resources, human resources, and mental health infrastructure. Addressing these issues successfully requires political will, a greater prioritization of mental health services, close coordination between stakeholders, as well as developments in the area of education, training and infrastructure. Greater understanding and education about the links between mental and physical health would benefit the overall health of the population, and integration of these respective policies may prove a successful method of more equitably redistributing finances and resources.
How the Creative Spirit Saved Me From a Fate Worse Than Hospitalization
Authors: O'donovan Ross
Published: August 2011

Ross is a mental health patient representative based in Cairns and has been a member of the Cairns CAG for the past eight years. He has played a significant role in the development of consumer participation in Cairns and at a state level. Ross has sat on a range of committees as a consumer representative and has worked as an accreditor with the Institute of Healthy Communities Australia. Currently he sits on the management committee of the Queensland Voice for Mental Health. Ross was a founding member of the Irukandji Pens writers group, based at the Cairns Mental Health Resource Service.
Staff Management and Capacity Building Under Conditions of Insecurity: Lessons From Developing Mental Health Service and Research Programs in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste
Authors: Silove Derrick , Rees Susan , Tam Natalino , Liddell Belinda , Zwi Anthony
Published: August 2011

Objective: The task of staff capacity building is particularly important, albeit challenging, in low and middle income countries emerging from prolonged periods of persecution and conflict. Mental health professionals engaged in development and research projects are acutely aware of the impact of past and current conditions including trauma exposure, insecurity, and poverty on the capacity of local workers to acquire and apply skills. In this article we reflect on these challenges by drawing on our experience spanning 10 years of mental health work and capacity building in Timor-Leste.

Conclusions: It is important to be proactive in identifying the needs and career objectives of workers early in any development initiative so that an effective program of capacity building can be initiated. Careful consideration needs to be given to ensure a compassionate and considered response to the psychosocial needs of staff, one that takes into account the impact of past trauma, ongoing insecurity and socioeconomic conditions on the capacity of workers to function effectively.
Veterinary Students' Perceptions of Their Day-One Abilities before and after Final-Year Clinical Practice-Based Training
Authors: Schull Daniel N. , Morton John M. , Coleman Glen T. , Mills Paul C.
Published: August 2011

The present study evaluated the impact of final-year clinical practice-based training on veterinary students' perceptions of competence in “Day One” abilities by administering a pre- and post-training self-assessment checklist. This study also investigated the influence of student demographics on their perceptions of satisfaction about their own knowledge and skills and preparedness for practice. Perceptions regarding the usefulness of the checklist as a self-audit tool were also sought. Final year students (N=85) were surveyed on commencement and upon completion of the training using a checklist that had been adapted from the list of essential new-graduate abilities that was developed by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and adopted by the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council. Significant improvements in student perceptions of competence were observed for 38 of the 41 abilities. Students' satisfaction with their knowledge and skill base and their perceptions of preparedness for practice were only weakly correlated with overall perceptions of competence for individual ability items and did not vary significantly with student age, gender, background, intended field and location of work, or with their work experience as veterinary nurses—if any—while studying. Two thirds of students believed that access to the self-assessment checklist on commencement of the training helped them identify areas for improvement before graduation. This article concludes that clinical practice-based training results in considerable improvement in senior veterinary students' perceptions of competence in Day One abilities and that a self-assessment checklist may help students guide their learning. Results from the present study may be useful for veterinary schools as they develop or enhance strategies used for outcomes assessment.
Factors that Influence the Decision to Pursue an Internship: The Importance of Mentoring
Authors: Barbur Laura , Shuman Cindy , Sanderson Michael W. , Grauer Gregory F.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was (1) to determine if students from one veterinary school who participated in a mentoring/employment program with clinical faculty were more likely to pursue internship training than their peers and (2) to determine factors via survey that were influential to veterinary interns in making their decision to pursue post-graduate clinical training. Our hypothesis was that a mentoring relationship with clinical faculty was an important influence on the decision to participate in an internship. From 2006 to 2010, graduating students who participated in a mentoring/employment program with a clinical faculty member were 6.3 times more likely than non-participating students to pursue an internship. The majority of the participating students (90%) were initially hired/mentored as first- or second-year veterinary students. In the survey, interns ranked clinical faculty as having a greater influence than basic science faculty, private practice veterinarians, or house officers on their decision to pursue an internship; 82.8% reported that clinical faculty were most responsible for encouraging them to apply for an internship. Employment by their veterinary teaching hospital (41.5%) or directly by clinical faculty (26.2%) was commonly reported. Most interns (37%) decided to pursue an internship during their fourth year of veterinary school, 29.2% decided during their first year, and 15.3% decided in their second year. These results suggest that clinical faculty play a key role in a student's decision to pursue an internship and that it might be valuable to inform students about internships early in the veterinary curriculum.
Confidence as a Barrier to the Use of Problem-Based Learning in Veterinary Undergraduate Students
Authors: Tarlinton Rachael E. , Yon Lisa , Klisch Karl , Tötemeyer Sabine , Gough Kevin C.
Published: August 2011

Problem-based or case-based learning is a popular method of instruction in clinical degrees such as veterinary science, nursing, and medicine. It is difficult, however, for students to adapt to this learning method, and this difficulty has been well described. The present study surveyed first-year undergraduate veterinary students at the University of Nottingham about the challenges they faced upon beginning problem-based learning sessions. A surprisingly large percentage of students (36% of females and 38% of males) reported a lack of confidence in speaking in front of the other students as a concern they experienced during their first term. Conversely, only 10% of the female students (and none of the male students) reported overconfidence as a problem. This is in contrast to the perceptions of the staff members who facilitated the sessions who reported that 14% of the students exhibited underconfidence and 14% exhibited overconfidence. The difference between the female and male students' responses as well as the difference between the perceptions of students and those of facilitators is statistically significant (G-test p<.05).
Velocity Distribution of Unsteady Laminar Flow for Viscous Fluid
Authors: Haque MA
Published: August 2011

In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the velocity profile of unsteady laminar flow of incompressible viscous fluid. The method of separation of variable is used to determine the solutions of the governing differential equations. Time varying pressure gradient is considered for poiseuille flow. The velocity profiles for the various types of flow are shown by the figures. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 1-9  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8510
Stability Analysis of the Laminar Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Parveen Nazma , Chowdhury Md MK
Published: August 2011

In this paper, stability analysis of incompressible laminar boundary layer flow is presented. For this approach, the partial differential equation is converted to ordinary differential equation by suitable approximation. The implicit finite difference scheme is used to find the point of separations of the boundary layer equations. The finite difference equations for the given flow at each longitudinal position form a linear set with a tridiagonal coefficient matrix. To ensure the correct results, the methods are checked with standard flows like flow past circular cylinder, Howarth’s linear decelerating flows. These methods are demonstrated to compute accurately the separation points of several flows for which comparisons are made with previously published results. Then various series are tested with computer codes. At last, the stability diagram for plane poiseuille flow is shown. Key words: Stability; finite difference scheme; point of separation GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 23-34  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8512
Characterization of Modular Join-Semilattices
Authors: Talukder MR , Arif MHB
Published: August 2011

In this paper we have proved a classical characterization of modular join-semilattices. We have also given some characterizations of modular ideals of join-semilattices through congruences. Key words: Join-semilattices; modular semilattices; distributive semilattices; quotient semilattices GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 43-49  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8514
Flow Instability through a Curved Duct with Square Cross Section
Authors: Mondal Rabindra Nath , Islam Md Saidul , Hossain Shah Md Tarif
Published: August 2011

Flow instability through a curved duct with square cross section is numerically studied by using the spectral method over a wide range of the Dean number 0≤Dn≤5000 for the curvature δ= 0.1. A temperature difference is applied between the vertical sidewalls for the Grashof number Gr=100, where the outer wall is heated and the inner wall is cooled. After a comprehensive survey over the parametric ranges, two branches of asymmetric steady solutions are obtained by the Newton-Raphson iteration method. Linear stability of the steady solutions is then investigated. It is found that only the first branch is linearly stable in a couple of interval of Dn while the other branch is linearly unstable. Steady values of the Nusselt numbers, Nu, are also calculated for two differentially heated vertical sidewalls. When there is no stable steady solution, time evolution of Nu is obtained and it is found in the unstable region the flow undergoes through various flow instabilities, if Dn is increased. Key words: Curved square duct; Steady solutions; Time evolution; Dean number; Nusselt number GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 71-85  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8517
The Lotka-Volterra Model: An Approach by the CAS
Authors: Hossain ABM Shahadat , Thohura Sharaban , Aktar Salina
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we investigate and compare the trajectories of a well-known prey-predator model named Lotka - Volterra Model including the effects of the trajectories of this model by changing its different parameters. The Computer Algebra System (CAS) Mathematica5.0 is used to get the graphical consequences. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 87-98  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8518
Application of MATLAB Symbolic Maths with Variable Precision Arithmetic (VPA) to Compute Some High Order Gauss Legendre Quadrature Rules
Authors: Rathod HT , Sathish RD , Islam Md Shafiqul , Gali Arun Kumar
Published: August 2011

Gauss Legendre Quadrature rules are extremely accurate and they should be considered seriously when many integrals of similar nature are to be evaluated. This paper is concerned with the derivation and computation of numerical integration rules for the three integrals: (See text for formulae) which are dependent on the zeros and the squares of the zeros of Legendre Polynomial and is quite well known in the Gaussian Quadrature theory. We have developed the necessary MATLAB programs based on symbolic maths which can compute the sampling points and the weight coefficients and are reported here upto 32 – digits accuracy and we believe that they are reported to this accuracy for the first time. The MATLAB programs appended here are based on symbolic maths. They are very sophisticated and they can compute Quadrature rules of high order, whereas one of the recent MATLAB program appearing in reference [21] can compute Gauss Legendre Quadrature rules upto order twenty, because the zeros of Legendre polynomials cannot be computed to desired accuracy by MATLAB routine roots (……..). Whereas we have used the MATLAB routine solve (……..) to find zeros of polynomials which is very efficient. This is worth noting in the present context. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 117-125  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8521
A Mathematical Model to Demonstrate the Spread of an Epidemic
Authors: Nayeem Jannatun , Rahman Kazi Aminur , Salek Md Abu
Published: August 2011

Many models for the spread of infectious diseases in populations have been analyzed mathematically and applied to specific diseases. Non-linear dynamical method of projecting the transmission of an epidemic is accurate if the input parameters are reliable. In this paper, a mathematical model is constructed for predicting an epidemic of HIV/AIDS with respect to the presence of infected individuals in the population. For the model, a formula for the basic reproduction number, R0 (the expected number of secondary infectious caused by a single new infective introduced into a susceptible population) is determined. The six dimensional model is analyzed qualitatively to determine the stability of equilibria. Analysis of this model includes identifying the threshold R0 that determines whether the disease dies out or an epidemic occurs. Key words: Non-linear dynamical method; infectious diseases; epidemic stability; HIV/AIDS. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 127-138 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8522
The Homology and Cohomology Groups of H3
Authors: Majumdar Subrata , Sultana Quazi Selina
Published: August 2011

A free resolution of Z for the integral group ring of the three-dimensional Heisenberg group H3 has been constructed by extending Lyndon’s partial resolution. The integral homology and cohomology have been calculated from there.  AMS Classification: 18G, 20J. Key words: Fox derivatives; free resolution. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 139-146  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8523
p-Γ-Rings
Authors: Rashid Md Mahbubur , Paul AC
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this paper is to introduce p-Γ-rings and a few of their most basic properties. Then these have been applied to investigate whether the most important properties like commutativty, being radical class and some other characterizations are preserved under our defined p-Γ-rings. Mathematical subject classification-2000: 16N20, 16N99. Key words: Γ -rings, p-rings, Jacobson radical, Radical class, p-Γ -rings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v30i0.8497 GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 30 (2010) 1-10
Jordan k-Homomorphisms onto Completely Prime ΓN Rings
Authors: Charaborty Sujoy , Paul Akhil Chandra
Published: August 2011

By introducing the notions of k-homomorphism, anti-k-homomorphism and Jordan khomomorphism of Nobusawa Γ -rings, we establish some significant results related to these concepts. If M1 is a Nobusawa Γ1 -ring and M2 is a 2-torsion free completely prime Nobusawa Γ2 -ring, then we prove that every Jordan k-homomorphism θ of M1 onto M2 such that k(Γ1 ) = Γ2 is either a k-homomorphism or an anti-k-homomorphism. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 30 (2010) 32-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v30i0.8500
Adaptive Redundant Speech Transmission over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Based on Estimation of Perceived Speech Quality
Authors: Kang Jin Ah , Kim Hong Kook
Published: August 2011

An adaptive redundant speech transmission (ARST) approach to improve the perceived speech quality (PSQ) of speech streaming applications over wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach estimates the PSQ as well as the packet loss rate (PLR) from the received speech data. Subsequently, it decides whether the transmission of redundant speech data (RSD) is required in order to assist a speech decoder to reconstruct lost speech signals for high PLRs. According to the decision, the proposed ARST approach controls the RSD transmission, then it optimizes the bitrate of speech coding to encode the current speech data (CSD) and RSD bitstream in order to maintain the speech quality under packet loss conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed ARST approach is then demonstrated using the adaptive multirate-narrowband (AMR-NB) speech codec and ITU-T Recommendation P.563 as a scalable speech codec and the PSQ estimation, respectively. It is shown from the experiments that a speech streaming application employing the proposed ARST approach significantly improves speech quality under packet loss conditions in WMSNs.
Le marquis de Pombal et la politique scientifique du Portugal
Authors: Leitão Henrique
Published: August 2011

Les réformes éducatives réalisées par le marquis de Pombal (1699-1782) au milieu du xviiie siècle sont généralement considérées comme un des moments critiques dans la genèse d’une politique scientifique moderne au Portugal. À la suite de l’expulsion de la Compagnie de Jésus (1759), la structure de l’enseignement secondaire et pré-universitaire a été radicalement transformée. Avec la réforme de l’Université (1772), la définition même d’enseignement supérieur et le rôle de l’université ont été profondément altérés. Le programme réformateur de Pombal était explicitement modernisateur (introduction des sciences expérimentales, création d’une Faculté de mathématiques, abandon du latin, etc.), et il a été conduit avec la détermination de la personnalité excessive du célèbre marquis. Mais en dépit de l’indéniable modernité de cet ambitieux projet, les actions de Pombal étaient aussi très influencées par des contraintes politiques et une vision particulière du rôle de la science dans la société. Le résultat final, selon plusieurs historiens, a été extrêmement complexe, voire paradoxal.