bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Discharge Current on Phase Transition Properties of High Quality Polycrystalline VO2 Thin Film Fabricated by HiPIMS
Authors: Lin Tiegui , Wang Jian , Liu Gang , Wang Langping , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yufen
Published: June 2017

To fabricate high-quality polycrystalline VO2 thin film with a metal–insulator transition (MIT) temperature less than 50 °C, high-power impulse magnetron sputtering with different discharge currents was employed in this study. The as-deposited VO2 films were characterized by a four-point probe resistivity measurement system, visible-near infrared (IR) transmittance spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy. The resistivity results revealed that all the as-deposited films had a high resistance change in the phase transition process, and the MIT temperature decreased with the increased discharge current, where little deterioration in the phase transition properties, such as the resistance and transmittance changes, could be found. Additionally, XRD patterns at various temperatures exhibited that some reverse deformations that existed in the MIT process of the VO2 film, with a large amount of preferred crystalline orientations. The decrease of the MIT temperature with little deterioration on phase transition properties could be attributed to the reduction of the preferred grain orientations.
Electronic Structures, and Optical and Magnetic Properties of Quadruple-Decker Phthalocyanines
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Oku Takeo
Published: June 2017

For applications of magnetic devices with operating nuclear-spin-based quantum bits in quantum computing, electronic structures, and magnetic and optical properties of quadruple-decker phthalocyanines with 3d transition metals, such as scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum atoms (M3Pc4: M = Sc, Y, and La), were studied by quantum calculation using density function theory. Electron density distributions at the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were considerably delocalized on the phthalocyanine ring with considerable bias of the electrostatic potential. The wide energy gaps and the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra of the systems were based on the phthalocyanine ring-ring interactions with overlapping π-orbitals on the phthalocyanine rings. The chemical shift behavior of 13C and 14N-NMR of Sc3(Pc)4, Y3(Pc)4, and La3(Pc)4 depended on the deformation of their structures owing to Jahn-Teller splitting of the d-orbital in the metal ligand field, the considerable perturbation of the metal ligand crystal field on the phthalocyanine ring, the electronic structure based on the electron density distribution, and the magnetic interaction of the nuclear quadrupole interaction. The magnetic parameters of the principle g-tensor, the V-tensor of the electronic field gradient, and the asymmetric parameters were influenced by the deformed structures of the complex with the considerable deviation of the charge density distribution. The quadruple-decker metal phthalocyanines using 3d transition metals have an advantage in controlling the electronic structure and magnetic parameters based on the nuclear spin interaction in spin lattice relaxation with respect to applications of single-molecular magnets.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Essential Oil from Artemisia absinthium L. Formulated in Nanocochleates against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Tamargo Beatriz , Monzote Lianet , Piñón Abel , Machín Laura , García Marley , Scull Ramón , Setzer William
Published: June 2017

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites from Leishmania genus. Currently, there are no effective vaccines available and the available therapies are far from ideal. In particular, the development of new therapeutic strategies to reduce the infection caused by Leishmania amazonensis could be considered desirable. Different plant-derived products have demonstrated antileishmanial activity, including the essential oil (EO) from Artemisia absinthium L. (EO-Aa), Asteraceae. Methods: In the present study, the EO-Aa formulated in nanocochleates (EO-Aa-NC) was investigated in vitro against intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis and non-infected macrophages from BALB/c mice. In addition, the EO-Aa-NC was also evaluated in vivo against on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis, which body weight, lesion progression, and parasite load were determined. Results: EO-Aa-NC displayed IC50 values of 21.5 ± 2.5 μg/mL and 27.7 ± 5.6 μg/mL against intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis and non-infected peritoneal macrophage, respectively. In the animal model, the EO-Aa-NC (30 mg/kg/intralesional route/every 4 days 4 times) showed no deaths or weight loss greater than 10%. In parallel, the EO-Aa-NC suppressed the infection in the murine model by approximately 50%, which was statistically superior (p < 0.05) than controls and mice treated with EO-Aa. In comparison with Glucantime®, EO-Aa-NC inhibited the progression of infection as efficiently (p > 0.05) as administration of the reference drug. Conclusions: Encochleation of EO-Aa resulted in a stable, tolerable, and efficacious antileishmanial formulation, facilitating systemic delivery of EO, with increased activity compared to administration of the free EO-Aa. This new formulation shows promising potential to future studies aimed at a new therapeutic strategy to treat leishmaniasis.
Lithium Niobate Micromachining for the Fabrication of Microfluidic Droplet Generators
Authors: Bettella Giacomo , Pozza Gianluca , Kroesen Sebastian , Zamboni Riccardo , Baggio Enrico , Montevecchi Carlo , Zaltron Annamaria , Gauthier-Manuel Ludovic , Mistura Giampaolo , Furlan Claudio , Chauvet Mathieu , Denz Cornelia , Sada Cinzia
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present the first microfluidic junctions for droplet generation directly engraved on lithium niobate crystals by micromachining techniques, preparatory to a fully integrated opto-microfluidics lab-on-chip system. In particular, laser ablation technique and the mechanical micromachining technique are exploited to realise microfluidic channels in T- and cross junction configurations. The quality of both lateral and bottom surfaces of the channels are therefore compared together with a detailed study of their roughness measured by means of atomic force microscopy in order to evaluate the final performance achievable in an optofluidic device. Finally, the microfluidics performances of these water-in-oil droplets generators are investigated depending on these micromachining techniques, with particular focus on a wide range of droplet generation rates.
Evaluation of the Cardiotoxicity of Evodiamine In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Yang Weifeng , Ma Lina , Li Sidi , Cui Kaiyu , Lei Lei , Ye Zuguang
Published: June 2017

Evodiamine is a bioactive alkaloid that is specified as a biomarker for the quality assessment of Evodia rutaecarpa (E. rutaecarpa) and for traditional Chinese medicines containing this plant. We previously reported that quantitative structure–activity modeling indicated that evodiamine may cause cardiotoxicity. However, previous investigations have indicated that evodiamine has beneficial effects in patients with cardiovascular diseases and there are no previous in vitro or in vivo reports of evodiamine-induced cardiotoxicity. The present study investigated the effects of evodiamine on primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in vitro, and on zebrafish in vivo. Cell viability was reduced in vitro, where evodiamine had a 24 h 50% inhibitory concentration of 28.44 µg/mL. Cells exposed to evodiamine also showed increased lactate dehydrogenase release and maleic dialdehyde levels, and reduced superoxide dismutase activity. In vivo, evodiamine had a 10% lethal concentration of 354 ng/mL and induced cardiac malfunction, as evidenced by changes in heart rate and circulation, and pericardial malformations. This study indicated that evodiamine could cause cardiovascular side effects involving oxidative stress. These findings suggest that cardiac function should be monitored in patients receiving preparations containing evodiamine.
Pattern Evolution during Double Liquid-Vapor Phase Transitions under Weightlessness
Authors: Oprisan Ana , Garrabos Yves , Lecoutre Carole , Beysens Daniel
Published: June 2017

Phase transition in fluids is ubiquitous in nature and has important applications in areas such as the food industry for volatile oils’ extraction or in nuclear plants for heat transfer. Fundamentals are hampered by gravity effects on Earth. We used direct imaging to record snapshots of phase separation that takes place in sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, under weightlessness conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). The system was already at liquid-vapor equilibrium slightly below the critical temperature and further cooled down by a 0.2-mK temperature quench that produced a new phase separation. Both full view and microscopic views of the direct observation cell were analyzed to determine the evolution of the radii distributions. We found that radii distributions could be well approximated by a lognormal function. The fraction of small radii droplets declined while the fraction of large radii droplets increased over time. Phase separation at the center of the sample cell was visualized using a 12× microscope objective, which corresponds to a depth of focus of about 5 μ m. We found that the mean radii of liquid droplets exhibit a t 1 / 3 evolution, in agreement with growth driven by Brownian coalescence. It was also found that the mean radii of the vapor bubbles inside the liquid majority phase exhibit a t 1 / 2 evolution, which suggest a possible directional motion of vapor bubbles due to the influence of weak remaining gravitational field and/or a composition Marangoni force.
Isoprenoids Production from Lipid-Extracted Microalgal Biomass Residues Using Engineered E. coli
Authors: Wang Sumeng , Yang Jianming
Published: June 2017

Microalgae are recognized as a third generation feedstock for biofuel production due to their rapid growth rates and lignin-free characteristics. In this study, a lipid extracted microalgal biomass residues was used as the raw material to produce isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene with an engineered E. coli strain. We adopted an optimal sulfuric acid hydrolysis method (1:7 ratio of solid to acid solution, 32% (w/v) concentration of sulfuric acid solution at 90 °C for 90 min) to efficiently convert holocellulose into glucose efficiently (6.37 g/L). Futhermore, we explored a novel detoxification strategy (phosphoric acid/calcium hydroxide) to remove inhibitors and notably acetic acid, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were reduced by 5.32%, different number given later 99.19% and 98.22%, respectively. Finally, the fermentation concentrations of isoprene (223.23 mg/L), α-pinene (382.21 μg/L) and β-pinene (17.4 mg/L) were achieved using the detoxified hydrolysate as the carbon source, equivalent to approximately 86.02%, 90.16% and 88.32% of those produced by the engineered E. coli strain fermented on pure glucose, respectively.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Curcuminoid Analogues as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Emam Dalia , Alhajoj Ahmad , Elattar Khaled , Kheder Nabila , Fadda Ahmed
Published: June 2017

Diazocoupling reaction of curcumin with different diazonium salts of p-toluidine, 2-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine in pyridine yielded the arylhydrazones 2a–c. Arylhydrazone of p-toluidine reacted with urea, thiourea, and guanidine nitrate to produce 5,6-dihydropyrimidines. Further reaction of 2a with 2,3-diaminopyrdine in sodium ethoxide solution yielded 1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine derivative. Bis(2,5-dihydroisoxazole) is obtained from the reaction of 2a with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, while its reactions with hydrazines afforded the respective 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles. The target compounds were evaluated as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. The tested compounds showed good to moderate activities compared to ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol, respectively.
Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC Exhibits an Anti-Adipogenic Effect by Inhibiting the Expression of Proteins Involved in Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: De Souza Marinho do Nascimento Daniele , Oliveira Ruth , Camara Rafael , Gomes Dayanne , Monte Jessika , Costa Mariana , Fernandes Júlia , Langassner Silvana , Rocha Hugo
Published: June 2017

Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC (gorse) is a plant popularly used for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we prepared three B. trimera extracts aqueous extract (AE), decoction (AE-D), and methanol extract (ME) and investigated their antioxidant effects in six different tests and their anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells. The extracts showed a dose-dependent antioxidant activity in all tests. AE was the most potent antioxidant in copper and ferric ion chelation assays, whereas AE-D was the most potent in superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, reducing power assay, and total antioxidant capacity analysis. Only ME showed a cytotoxic effect against 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid accumulation decreased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of AE and AE-D extracts (0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL). In addition, the extracts dramatically attenuated the levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and gamma receptors by peroxisome proliferators (PPARγ), during adipogenesis. AE-D (1.0 mg/mL) caused an approximately 90% reduction in the levels of these molecules. We propose that B. trimera has an anti-adipogenic effect and could be used in the development of functional foods.
Form, Function and Etiquette–Potential Users’ Perspectives on Social Domestic Robots
Authors: Dereshev Dmitry , Kirk David
Published: June 2017

Social Domestic Robots (SDRs) will soon be launched en masse among commercial markets. Previously, social robots only inhabited scientific labs; now there is an opportunity to conduct experiments to investigate human-robot relationships (including user expectations of social interaction) within more naturalistic, domestic spaces, as well as to test models of technology acceptance. To this end we exposed 20 participants to advertisements prepared by three robotics companies, explaining and “pitching” their SDRs’ functionality (namely, Pepper by SoftBank; Jibo by Jibo, Inc.; and Buddy by Blue Frog Robotics). Participants were interviewed and the data was thematically analyzed to critically examine their initial reactions, concerns and impressions of the three SDRs. Using this approach, we aim to complement existing survey results pertaining to SDRs, and to try to understand the reasoning people use when evaluating SDRs based on what is publicly available to them, namely, advertising. Herein, we unpack issues raised concerning form/function, security/privacy, and the perceived emotional impact of owning an SDR. We discuss implications for the adequate design of socially engaged robotics for domestic applications, and provide four practical steps that could improve the relationships between people and SDRs. An additional contribution is made by expanding existing models of technology acceptance in domestic settings with a new factor of privacy.
Anti-Mycobacterial Evaluation of 7-Chloro-4-Aminoquinolines and Hologram Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (HQSAR) Modeling of Amino–Imino Tautomers
Authors: Bispo Marcelle , Lima Camilo , Cardoso Laura , Candéa André , Bezerra Flávio , Lourenço Maria , Henriques Maria , Alencastro Ricardo , Kaiser Carlos , Souza Marcus , Albuquerque Magaly
Published: June 2017

In an ongoing research program for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs, we synthesized three series (A, B, and C) of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinolines, which were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Now, we report the anti-MTB and cytotoxicity evaluations of a new series, D (D01–D21). Considering the active compounds of series A (A01–A13), B (B01–B13), C (C01–C07), and D (D01–D09), we compose a data set of 42 compounds and carried out hologram quantitative structure–activity relationship (HQSAR) analysis. The amino–imino tautomerism of the 4-aminoquinoline moiety was considered using both amino (I) and imino (II) forms as independent datasets. The best HQSAR model from each dataset was internally validated and both models showed significant statistical indexes. Tautomer I model: leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) = 0.80, squared correlation coefficient (r2) = 0.97, standard error (SE) = 0.12, cross-validated standard error (SEcv) = 0.32. Tautomer II model: q2 = 0.77, r2 = 0.98, SE = 0.10, SEcv = 0.35. Both models were externally validated by predicting the activity values of the corresponding test set, and the tautomer II model, which showed the best external prediction performance, was used to predict the biological activity responses of the compounds that were not evaluated in the anti-MTB trials due to poor solubility, pointing out D21 for further solubility studies to attempt to determine its actual biological activity.
Multifunctional Polymer Nanoparticles for Dual Drug Release and Cancer Cell Targeting
Authors: Wen Yu-Han , Lee Tsung-Ying , Fu Ping-Chuan , Lo Chun-Liang , Chiang Yi-Ting
Published: June 2017

Multifunctional polymer nanoparticles have been developed for cancer treatment because they could be easily designed to target cancer cells and to enhance therapeutic efficacy according to cancer hallmarks. In this study, we synthesized a pH-sensitive polymer, poly(methacrylic acid-co-histidine/doxorubicin/biotin) (HBD) in which doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated by a hydrazone bond to encapsulate an immunotherapy drug, imiquimod (IMQ), to form dual cancer-targeting and dual drug-loaded nanoparticles. At low pH, polymeric nanoparticles could disrupt and simultaneously release DOX and IMQ. Our experimental results show that the nanoparticles exhibited pH-dependent drug release behavior and had an ability to target cancer cells via biotin and protonated histidine.
Mapping the Twilight Zone—What We Are Missing between Clouds and Aerosols
Authors: Schwarz Katharina , Cermak Jan , Fuchs Julia , Andersen Hendrik
Published: June 2017

Scientific understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions can profit from an analysis of the transition regions between pure aerosol and pure clouds as detected in satellite data. This study identifies and evaluates pixels in this region by analysing the residual areas of aerosol and cloud products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor. These pixels are expected to represent the “twilight zone” or transition zone between aerosols and clouds. In the analysis period (February and August, 2007–2011), about 20% of all pixels are discarded by both MODIS aerosol and cloud retrievals (“Lost Pixels”). The reflective properties and spatial distribution of Lost Pixels are predominantly in between pure aerosol and cloud. The high amount of discarded pixels underlines the relevance of analyzing the transition zone as a relevant part of the Earth’s radiation budget and the importance of considering them in research on aerosol-cloud interactions.
Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth Using the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) Based on PARASOL Multi-Angle Intensity Data
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Zhengqiang , Qie Lili , Hou Weizhen , Liu Zhihong , Zhang Ying , Xie Yisong , Chen Xingfeng , Xu Hua
Published: June 2017

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a widely used aerosol optical parameter in atmospheric physics. To obtain this parameter precisely, many institutions plan to launch satellites with multi-angle measurement sensors, but one important step in aerosol retrieval, the estimation of surface reflectance, is still a pressing issue. This paper presents an AOD retrieval method based on the multi-angle intensity data from the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) platform using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), which can be universally applied to multi-angle observations. The function of EOFs in this study is to estimate surface intensity contributions, associated with aerosol lookup tables (LUTs), so that the retrieval of AOD can be implemented. A comparison of the retrieved AODs for the Beijing, Xianghe, Taihu, and Hongkong_PolyU sites with those from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based observations produced high correlation coefficients (r) of 0.892, 0.915, 0.831, and 0.897, respectively, while the corresponding root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 0.095, 0.093, 0.099, and 0.076, respectively.
Feed-Forward Neural Network Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Sandcrete Materials
Authors: Asteris Panagiotis , Roussis Panayiotis , Douvika Maria
Published: June 2017

This work presents a soft-sensor approach for estimating critical mechanical properties of sandcrete materials. Feed-forward (FF) artificial neural network (ANN) models are employed for building soft-sensors able to predict the 28-day compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of sandcrete materials. To this end, a new normalization technique for the pre-processing of data is proposed. The comparison of the derived results with the available experimental data demonstrates the capability of FF ANNs to predict with pinpoint accuracy the mechanical properties of sandcrete materials. Furthermore, the proposed normalization technique has been proven effective and robust compared to other normalization techniques available in the literature.
The Normative Dimension in Transdisciplinarity, Transition Management, and Transformation Sciences: New Roles of Science and Universities in Sustainable Transitioning
Authors: Scholz Roland
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the role normative aspects play in different approaches of science–practice collaboration, in particular as action research, (Mode 2) Transdisciplinarity (Td), Transition Management (TM), and Transformative Science (TSc). We elaborate on the different roles that scientists in these processes play. They work as facilitators (or contribute to a facilitated Td process), as activists (i.e., activist researchers) in TM projects, and as catalysts in TSc. Td processes develop socially robust solutions for sustainable transitioning and impacts on the science system through mutual learning and by integrating epistemics (i.e., ways of knowing) from science and practice and focusing on the empowerment of stakeholders. Science is viewed as a public good aiming to serve all key stakeholders. Researchers involved in TM projects strive to influence ongoing transition processes by actively engaging and participating in them, including lobbying for and empowering transformative changes toward sustainability based upon the researchers’ own analyses and world views. The TSc approach takes a catalyst perspective of the scientist’s role in inducing processes of strategic (societal) transition when including certain stakeholder groups. The paper focuses on what roles normative aspects play in the different approaches and new societal demands imposed on science and universities. Based on this, we conclude that a new order of universities, public knowledge institutions, and boundary institutions is forthcoming.
Treatment of Oily Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Systems
Authors: Capodici Marco , Cosenza Alida , Di Trapani Daniele , Mannina Giorgio , Torregrossa Michele , Viviani Gaspare
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present work was to investigate the behavior of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for the treatment of oily wastewater. A bench scale MBR was fed with synthetic wastewater containing diesel fuel. Organic carbon, hydrocarbon and ammonium removal, kinetic constants, extracellular polymeric substances production, and membrane fouling rates were monitored. The MBR plant was operated for more than 200 days, and the results highlighted good carbon removal and nitrification, suggesting a sort of biomass adaptation to hydrocarbons. Membrane fouling analysis showed an increase in total resistance, likely due to hydrocarbons, which caused an irreversible fouling (pore blocking) mainly due to oil deposition.
System Reliability Evaluation in Water Distribution Networks with the Impact of Valves Experiencing Cascading Failures
Authors: Shuang Qing , Liu Yisheng , Tang Yongzhong , Liu Jing , Shuang Kai
Published: June 2017

Water distribution networks (WDNs) represent a class of critical infrastructure networks. When a disaster occurs, component failures in a WDN may trigger system failures that result in larger-scale reactions. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the evolution of system reliability and failure propagation time for a WDN experiencing cascading failures, and find the critical pipes which may reduce system reliability dramatically. Multiple factors are considered in the method such as network topology, the balance of water supply and demand, demand multiplier, and pipe break isolation. The pipe-based attack with multiple failure scenarios is simulated in the paper. A case WDN is used to illustrate the method. The results show that the lowest capacity gets stronger when a WDN is short of supply, becoming the dominant factor that decides the evolution of system reliability and failure propagation time. The valve ratio (VR) and system reliability present a flattened S curve relationship, and there are two turning points in VR. The critical pipes can be identified. With the fixed 5% valves, a WDN can improve system reliability and resist cascading failures effectively. The findings provide insights into the system reliability and failure propagation time for WDNs experiencing cascading failures. It is proven to be useful in future studies focused on the operation and management of water services.
Allelopathy Inhibitory Effects of Hydrodictyon reticulatum on Chlorella pyrenoidosa under Co-Culture and Liquor-Cultured Conditions
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Huang Guohe , Fu Haiyan , An Chunjiang , Yao Yao , Cheng Guanhui , Suo Meiqin
Published: June 2017

Eutrophication has become increasingly serious in recent years, which severely impairs the aquatic ecosystem. Applying environmentally-friendly methods to effectively control the growth of algae and avoid eutrophication has been proved to be a promising way. Thus, the potential of Hydrodictyon reticulatum on eutrophication control was studied in this research. The allelopathy inhibitory effects of H. reticulatum on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated under both co-culture and liquor-cultured conditions. The biomass and chlorophyll a content of C. pyrenoidosa were determined with time during the experimental period. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities of H. reticulatum were also examined. Results showed that the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was obviously inhibited under both co-culture and liquor-cultured conditions, and the “Hormesis effect” was patently observed. The strength of allelopathy inhibitory effect depended on the relative biomass between H. reticulatum and C. pyrenoidosa. The allelopathy inhibitory effect of H. reticulatum on C. pyrenoidosa under co-culture condition was stronger than that under liquor-cultured condition. The decrease speeds of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were in direct proportion to the concentration of H. reticulatum.
The European Tourism Industry in Crisis: A Stock Market Perspective
Authors: Grechi Daniele , Ossola Paola , Tanda Alessandra
Published: June 2017

This article aims to evaluate the market performance of the European tourism industry from 2004 to 2014, a period that includes the financial and economic crises, to highlight which macroeconomic factors influenced the industry stock returns. The Stoxx Europe 600 Travel & Leisure
price index is used to proxy the industry stock performance, and a multifactor market model is employed to individuate which macroeconomic variables are able to drive tourism stock performance. Results highlight that tourism stock performance is influenced by market conditions and by uncertainty,
measured through the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility index (VIX). Despite the importance of tourism in Europe and its contribution to the economic growth, there is scant evidence on the performance of this industry in this area and on its relationship with economic conditions. The
article, to the best of knowledge, represents the first contribution on the performance of European tourism industry in crisis years with a macroeconomic perspective.
Exploring the Dynamic Effects of Urbanization and Real Effective Exchange Rate on Tourism Output of Singapore
Authors: Naidu Suwastika
Published: June 2017

The main aim of this article is to examine the short-run and long-run impacts of urbanization and real effective exchange rate on the tourism output of Singapore. This article uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test to examine the relationship between urbanization,
inflation, and tourism output by using the time series data for 30 years (1985–2015). The findings of this article confirm that a 1% increase in urbanization will increase tourism output by 132.87% in the longrun. A 1% positive change in urbanization will decrease tourism output by 68.83%
in the short-run. The findings of this article also confirm that a 1% increase in the real effective exchange rate will decrease the tourism output of Singapore by 6.25% in the long-run. A 1% positive change in real effective exchange rate will increase tourism output by 2.23% in the short-run.
This study has implications for policy makers and academics.
A Review of Crouch and Ritchie's, Heath's, and Dwyer and Kim’s Models of Tourism Competitiveness
Authors: Azzopardi Ernest , Nash Robert
Published: June 2017

Tourism literature includes several studies that either elaborate single variable models or present limited frameworks to explain tourism competitiveness, with a few exceptions focusing on developing a comprehensive tourism destination competitiveness model that incorporates numerous
elements. In this article, the models of Crouch and Ritchie, Dwyer and Kim, and Heath are described in detail and are contrasted for their comprehensiveness as well as for their validity and applicability to specific destinations.
Applying pollen DNA metabarcoding to the study of plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Bell Karen L. , Fowler Julie , Burgess Kevin S. , Dobbs Emily K. , Gruenewald David , Lawley Brice , Morozumi Connor , Brosi Berry J.
Published: June 2017

Premise of the study:

To study pollination networks in a changing environment, we need accurate, high‐throughput methods. Previous studies have shown that more highly resolved networks can be constructed by studying pollen loads taken from bees, relative to field observations. DNA metabarcoding potentially allows for faster and finer‐scale taxonomic resolution of pollen compared to traditional approaches (e.g., light microscopy), but has not been applied to pollination networks.

Methods:

We sampled pollen from 38 bee species collected in Florida from sites differing in forest management. We isolated DNA from pollen mixtures and sequenced rbcL and ITS2 gene regions from all mixtures in a single run on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We identified species from sequence data using comprehensive rbcL and ITS2 databases.

Results:

We successfully built a proof‐of‐concept quantitative pollination network using pollen metabarcoding.

Discussion:

Our work underscores that pollen metabarcoding is not quantitative but that quantitative networks can be constructed based on the number of interacting individuals. Due to the frequency of contamination and false positive reads, isolation and PCR negative controls should be used in every reaction. DNA metabarcoding has advantages in efficiency and resolution over microscopic identification of pollen, and we expect that it will have broad utility for future studies of plant–pollinator interactions.
Objective Hearing Screening Measures: An Exploration of a Suitable Combination for Risk-Based Newborn Hearing Screening
Authors: Kanji Amisha , Khoza-Shangase Katijah
Published: June 2017

Background:The ideal hearing screening measure is yet to be defined, with various newborn hearing screening protocols currently being recommended for different contexts. Such diverse recommendations call for further exploration and definition of feasible and context-specific
protocols.Purpose:The aim of the study was to establish which combinations of audiological screening measures provide both true-positive (TP) and true-negative (TN) results for risk-based hearing screening, at and across time.Research Design:A longitudinal, repeated-measures
design was employed.Study Sample:Three-hundred and twenty-five participants comprised the initial study sample. These participants comprised newborns and infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit and high care wards to “step down” wards at two public
sector hospitals within an academic hospital complex.Data Collection and Analysis:Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) were conducted at the initial and repeat hearing screening.
Diagnostic audiological assessments were also conducted. Results from combinations of audiological screening measures at the initial and repeat hearing screening were analyzed in relation to the final diagnostic outcome (n = 91). Participants were classified as presenting with an overall “refer”
if the outcome for any one test was “refer.” The overall screening outcomes for different test combinations were compared using McNemar’s test for paired data. Proportions across different test combinations were compared by the z-test for proportions.Results:Because
of the absence of participants with hearing loss in the current study sample, analysis could only be conducted in relation to TN findings (specificity) and not TP findings (sensitivity). The percentage of TN findings was highest at the repeat hearing screening using any test or combination
of tests when compared with findings from the initial hearing screening. TEOAE combined with AABR (TEOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), DPOAE combined with AABR (DPOAE/AABR) (p < 0.0001), and the combination of all three screening measures (p < 0.0001) yielded the highest
percentage specificity at the repeat hearing screening when compared with the initial hearing screening.Conclusions:The best specificity was noted at the repeat hearing screening. Within a resource stricken context, where availability of all screening measures options may not be feasible,
current study findings suggest the use of a two-stage AABR protocol or TEOAE/AABR protocol.
KLAIPĖDA PORT IN 1945–1990 / KLAIPĖDOS UOSTAS 1945–1990 M.
Authors: Truskauskienė Eglė
Published: June 2017

Soviet government in Lithuania was in power almost for a half of century. This system solved urban problems almost in the same way as the rest of the world. However, Soviet power some topics tried to interpret on its own way and some of them simply simulated. Urban design practice and theory were based on the foundation of ideology and socialist economics, so the urban fabric of Klaipėda city was stretched. Anyway, those 45 years were very important for the city. It was a time, when the urban development hasn’t stopped. It has left its own landmarks and gave some new impulses. Urban processes of this period, especially connected with port’s development, have made a great impact on the plan of city. And some of those processes are still working. Tarybų valžia Lietuvoje funkcionavo beveik pusę amžiaus. Nors daugelį urbanistinių problemų ši sistema sprendė panašiai kaip ir visas pasaulis, kai kuriuos dalykus intepretavo savaip, o kai ką tiesiog imitavo. Ideologiniais ir socialistinės ekonomikos argumentais grindžiamos projektavimo disciplinos ir praktika Klaipėdos veidą ištampė kaip kreivas veidrodis. Vis dėl to tie 45 metai Klaipėdai nepaprastai svarbūs. Per juos urbanistinė raida nesustojo, paliko savo ženklų, davė naujų impulsų. Urbanistiniai procesai, ypač susiję su uosto plėtra, miestą pakeitė ir vis dar keičia negrįžtamai.
On the Origin of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs)
Authors: Waxman Eli
Published: June 2017

We derive stringent constraints on the persistent source associated with FRB 121102: size

, age

year, energy

erg, characteristic electron energy

the radiating plasma is confined by a cold plasma of mass

these properties are inconsistent with typical “magnetar wind nebulae” model predictions. The fact that

suggests that the hot plasma was created by the ejection of a mildly relativistic,

shell, which propagated into an extended ambient medium or collided with a pre-ejected shell. Independent of the persistent source model, we suggest a physical mechanism for the generation of fast radio bursts (FRBs): the ejection from an underlying compact object,

cm, of highly relativistic shells with energy

erg and Lorentz factor

, into a surrounding e − p plasma with density

(consistent with that inferred for the persistent source). For E

s
similar to observed FRB energies, plasma conditions appropriate for strong synchrotron maser emission at

are formed. A significant fraction of the deposited energy is converted to an FRB with duration

, accompanied by ∼10 MeV gamma-rays carrying less energy than the FRB. The inferred energy and mass associated with the source suggest some type of a “weak stellar explosion,” where a neutron star is formed with relatively low mass and energy ejection. However, the current upper limit on R does not allow one to rule out

, or the ejection of a larger mass well before the ejection of the confining shell.
First Detection of Prominence Material Embedded within a 2 × 106 K CME Front Streaming away at 100–1500 km s−1 in the Solar Corona
Authors: Ding Adalbert , Habbal Shadia Rifai
Published: June 2017

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the largest and most dynamic explosions detected in the million degree solar corona, with speeds reaching up to 3000 km s−1 at Earth’s orbit. Triggered by the eruption of prominences, in most cases, one of the outstanding questions pertaining to the dynamic CME-prominence system is the fate of the cool

ejected filaments. We present spectroscopic observations acquired during the 2015 March 20 total solar eclipse, which captured a plethora of redshifted plasmoids from Fe xiv emission at

. Approximately 10% of these plasmoids enshrouded the same neutral and singly ionized plasma below

, observed in prominences anchored at the Sun at that time. This discovery was enabled by the novel design of a dual-channel spectrometer and the exceptionally clear sky conditions on the island of Svalbard during totality. The Doppler redshifts corresponded to speeds ranging from under 100 to over 1500 km s−1. These are the first comprehensive spectroscopic observations to unambiguously detect a

filamentary CME front with inclusions of cool prominence material. The CME front covered a projected area of

starting from the solar surface. These observations imply that cool prominence inclusions within a CME front maintain their ionic composition during expansion away from the Sun.
Estudo dos processos de transferência de tecnologia no setor aeronáutico brasileiro
Authors: Camargo Gerson Marcelo , Spiandorello Fabíola De Moraes , Hoffmann Wanda Aparecida Machado
Published: June 2017

Esta pesquisa propõe apontar aspectos da evolução dos processos de transferência de tecnologia, ocorridos na indústria aeronáutica nacional, dos primórdios até os dias atuais. Embora tenha sido um brasileiro o criador do dispositivo de voo mais pesado que o ar, a inteligência aeronáutica se desenvolveu mais nos Estados Unidos e em alguns países da Europa. Portanto, o contexto da engenharia aeroespacial brasileira evoluiu baseado em influência de transferências tecnológicas externas, sendo que atualmente se tornou exportador deste conhecimento. O estudo compreende uma revisão de literatura e investigação em fontes primárias cujo desfecho possibilita estabelecer que os processos de transferência tecnológica no segmento aeronáutico brasileiro aconteceram em três fases distintas contribuindo positivamente para o desenvolvimento nacional. A conclusão é de que o desenvolvimento tecnológico da indústria aeronáutica brasileira foi propulsionado por programas de cooperação nas áreas de Defesa Nacional.
Urban Social Movements in the Age of Neoliberal Austerity: A Case Study of Philadelphia
Authors: Wolfson Todd , Funke Peter N.
Published: June 2017

Cet article s’intéresse au rôle de la communication dans la construction d’une identité de classe contemporaine dans l’Amérique urbaine en explorant les dynamiques en jeu au sein d’un réseau d’organisations à Philadelphie. En particulier, les auteurs se penchent sur l’histoire et les pratiques du Media Mobilizing Project (MMP), une infrastructure communautaire de communication et de medias et un réseau d’organisations dans la région de Philadelphie. La vision et les objectifs de MMP sont issus de deux traditions convergentes du secteur associatif autour des questions de la pauvreté et de la communication : d’abord, la Poor People’s Campaign (PPC)—organisée par Martin Luther King et le SCLC—dont l’objectif était de forger un mouvement des pauvres et des travailleurs visant à la création d’une déclaration des droits économiques ; ensuite, les avancées technologiques du mouvement Indymedia, né durant les mouvements de protestations contre le sommet de l’OMC en 1999 à Seattle. Pour les auteurs, cette intersection historique peut permettre d’identifier les différentes stratégies et relations au capitalisme, à l’État et à la technologie qui ont émergé des mouvements sociaux au xx e siècle. Pour eux, elle a aussi mené à ce qu’ils définissent comme une stratégie critique de lutte contre l’austérité urbaine à l’ère du néolibéralisme.
Le cadavre du conspirateur : peur, colère et défense de la communauté à l’époque de la Saint-Barthélemy
Authors: de Waele Michel
Published: June 2017

Dagué, défenestré, brûlé, noyé, châtré, décapité, mutilé et pendu. Tel fut le sort réservé au cadavre de l’amiral de Coligny lors de la Saint-Barthélemy. Ce destin attendait également le corps de nombreux protestants à l’époque des troubles de religion. Les historiens ont interprété ces outrages comme une manifestation de la ferveur religieuse qui anime les catholiques du temps, désireux de purger leur communauté de la pollution générée par l’hérésie. Cet article se demande si les assauts contre les cadavres des huguenots ne relèvent pas également d’une autre dimension, qui trouve des échos dans une histoire large de l’outrage au cadavre. Les peurs vécues par les catholiques du temps n’étaient pas que religieuses. Elles étaient aussi sociales et politiques. Les attaques contre les cadavres traduisent ainsi un double état d’esprit : d’une part les peurs, tant spirituelle que temporelle, des catholiques, de voir les hérétiques s’emparer du royaume ou du moins, de leur communauté et, d’autre part, la colère, voire la haine, devant les moyens qu’ils auraient pris pour parvenir à leurs fins, c’est-à-dire la ruse et le complot.
Dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid in horses: establishment of baseline values on bone turnover, synovial prostaglandin E2, and gait kinematics
Authors: Vernon K.L. , Cloy S. , Boone L.H. , Coverdale J.A. , Jenkins T.C. , Sharp J.L.
Published: June 2017

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown anti-inflammatory effects in laboratory and food animal species by modulating production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), reducing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Bone remodelling may also be affected by CLA. Thus, CLA may reduce inflammation consistent with joint disease. Effects of CLA supplementation in horses have not been previously reported. This study aimed to determine baseline values of CLA supplementation on bone turnover, synovial PGE2 and gait kinematics in mature, idle horses. It was not expected that CLA would affect bone metabolism or gait kinematics in this animal model, as COX2 pathway should not be upregulated. In a crossover study, 12 mature mares were blocked by breed, age, and body condition score and separated into two treatment groups (n=6 per group) fed CLA or corn oil (CO; isocaloric control) for two 6-week feeding periods, separated by a 4-week period when oil treatment was withheld. Corn oil or CLA supplement (55% mixed CLA isomers) was incorporated into diets at 0.01% body weight/day. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected before (day 0) and after (day 42) each feeding period for evaluation of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and synovial PGE2. Stride length and fetlock flexion and extension were captured on day 0 and 42 of period 1. ANOVA was conducted to compare the response of BAP, DPD, and PGE2 of CLA-treated and control mares. Kinematic data were analysed with Student t-tests. Dietary CLA supplementation did not affect serum BAP or DPD, synovial PGE2, or stride length (all P>0.05). This study provides a baseline for CLA supplementation on bone metabolism and gait kinematics in horses; CLA supplementation in horses at varying levels of growth, exercise, and progression of joint disease may now be more revealing.
Transitioning the Allergy/Immunology Patient from Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Hoyte Flavia C. L.
Published: June 2017

Allergic disorders and immunodeficiencies are generally chronic and even lifelong conditions, often changing over time, making the cautious transition of care from childhood to adulthood particularly important. Many, but not all, patients can continue to receive their care from the same physician as they transition through adolescence and emerging adulthood, made possible because allergy/immunology training programs require cross-training in the care of both pediatric and adult patients. Although keeping the same physician makes the transition easier for many allergy/immunology patients, even these patients face psychosocial issues unique to adolescents and emerging adults, including increased autonomy, risk-taking behavior, and medical self-management. Successful transition for patients with chronic allergic and immunologic conditions involves an understanding of the natural history of these conditions by patients and physicians alike, a gradual increase in self-management depending on individual readiness, and careful communication between pediatric and adult specialists as care is transitioned.[Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(6):e229–e234.]
Transition Issues and Challenges for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Volkmar Fred R. , Jackson Scott L. J. , Hart Logan
Published: June 2017

Earlier detection and effective, evidence-based practices are gradually improving outcomes for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although some continue to need intensive support as adults, an increasing number are now going to college, becoming independent, and marrying. With the transition to adulthood, people with ASD will face a number of significant challenges. Health care providers who are knowledgeable about these challenges can help foster better outcomes and support those requiring higher levels of care. We summarize the challenges faced by youth with ASD as they transition into adulthood and note areas where more research is needed.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(6):e219–e223.]
La Capilla de Gonzalo de Illescas en el Monasterio de Guadalupe: un proyecto de Egas Cueman recuperado
Authors: Fuentes Ortiz Ángel
Published: June 2017

Con este estudio pretendemos recuperar un proyecto olvidado de Egas Cueman: La capilla funeraria de Gonzalo de Illescas en el Monasterio de Guadalupe. Como veremos, más allá del conocido sepulcro del prelado, ésta supuso un destello de vanguardia en el arte de mediados del siglo XV que no ha sido, en nuestra opinión, justamente valorado. Así, se tratará de rescatar el controvertido plan inicial del obispo de Córdoba, comprobando que dicha empresa fue mucho más ambiciosa de lo que se había supuesto hasta ahora. Con la nueva atribución del proyecto completo al escultor de Bruselas reforzaremos la hipótesis de su temprano conocimiento del taller de Rogier van der Weyden, aportando de esta manera datos inéditos concernientes a la introducción del arte flamenco y su difusión en la Península Ibérica en las postrimerías de la Edad Media.