bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peri‐procedural management and incidence of bleeding events following musculoskeletal injections or aspirations in people on oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy
Authors: McCrum Carol , Furner Rosie , Grainger Sally
Published: February 2023

Background

Corticosteroid injections and aspirations are common interventions for managing musculoskeletal and inflammatory conditions. However, there remains limited safety evidence to support injection decisions and peri‐procedural management in people on anti‐thrombotics, particularly for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Objectives

To investigate peri‐procedural management and bleeding complications following musculoskeletal injections or aspirations with anti‐thrombotic medication use.

Design

A prospective observational study was undertaken (October 2018–December 2020) in Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Radiology specialities in two large UK healthcare providers. Data collection involved weekly identification of musculoskeletal procedures, emergency attendance or admission within 30 days and follow‐up questionnaires sent within 2 weeks post‐procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse anticoagulant/anti‐platelet use, peri‐procedural management and bleeding complications.

Results

Of 5080 procedures, 237 of 1338 responses reported antithrombotic use: warfarin (n = 36), DOACs (n = 75) and antiplatelets (n = 126). There were no self‐report or electronic identification of clinically significant bleeding events/complications. Only local bruising was reported (8.6% vs. 0.2% with non‐use), and only with medication continuation or international normalised ratio (INR) levels ≥3.8 or unknown. Only 3/72 DOAC use was interrupted.

Conclusions

In this study, no clinically significant bleeding events or complications were reported or identified following musculoskeletal injections or aspirations, with only localised bruising reported. It was not universal practice to check INR levels and DOAC interruption was uncommon. Findings add evidence that musculoskeletal procedures appear to be low risk procedures for bleeding complications with antithrombotic continuation and when INR levels within lower target range. Research on intra‐articular or soft tissue iatrogenic consequences would add to risk/benefit evaluations.
Pelvic floor muscle training: Novel versus traditional remote rehabilitation methods. A systematic review and meta‐analysis on their effectiveness for women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitra Tania , Lampropoulou Sofia , Giannitsas Konstantinos , Skoura Anastasia , Fousekis Konstantinos , Billis Evdokia
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of supervised remote rehabilitation programs comprising novel methods of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training for women with urinary incontinence (UI).

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving novel supervised PFM rehabilitation programs as intervention groups (e.g., mobile applications programs, web‐based programs, vaginal devices) versus more traditional PFM exercise groups (acting as control); both sets of groups being offered remotely.

Methods

Data have been searched and retrieved from the electronic databases of Medline, PUBMED, and PEDro using relevant key words and MeSH terms. All included study data were handled as reported in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the evaluation of their quality was undertaken utilizing the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool 2 (RoB2) for RCTs. The included RCTs, involved adult women with stress UI (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence, where SUI were the most predominant symptoms. Exclusion criteria involved pregnant women or up to 6‐month postpartum, systemic diseases and malignancies, major gynecological surgeries or gynecological problems, neurological dysfunction or mental impairments. The searched outcomes included subjective and objective improvements of SUI and exercise adherence in PFM exercises. Meta‐analysis was conducted and included studies pulled by the same outcome measure.

Results

The systematic review included 8 RCTs with 977 participants. Novel rehabilitation programs included mobile applications (1 study), web‐based programs (1 study) and vaginal devices (6 studies) versus more traditional remote PFM training, involving home‐based PFM exercise programs (8 studies). Estimated quality with Cochrane's RoB2, presented the 80% of the included studies as “some concerns” and the 20% as “high risk.” Meta‐analysis included 3 studies with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0) across them. Weak‐evidenced results presented home PFM training equally effective with novel PFM training methods (mean difference: 0.13, 95% confidence interval: −0.47, 0.73), with small total effect size (0.43).

Conclusions

Novel PFM rehabilitation programs presented as effective (but not superior) to traditional ones in women with SUI, both offered remotely. However, individual parameters of novel remote rehabilitation including supervision by the health professional, remains in question and larger RCTs are required. Connection between devices and applications in combination with real‐time synchronous communication between patient and clinician during treatment is challenged for further research across novel rehabilitation programs.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis–derived phase angle predicts sarcopenia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Yezi , Zhang Mengyan , Jin Hui , Wen Yi , Tang Rining , Wang Bin , Liu Bicheng , Liu Hong
Published: February 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between phase angle (PhA) and sarcopenia and evaluate its performance as a sarcopenia predictor in patients receveing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

All enrolled patients underwent handgrip strength (HGS) and the 6‐m walk test, and muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the PhA as an independent predictor of sarcopenia after adjusting for confounding factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of PhA in sarcopenia.

Results

Two hundred forty‐one patients receiving hemodialysis were enrolled in this study, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 28.2%. Patients with sarcopenia presented a lower PhA value (4.7° vs 5.5°; P < 0.001), lower muscle mass index (6.0 vs 7.2 [kg/m2]; P < 0.001), lower HGS (19.7 vs 26.0 [kg]; P < 0.001), and lower walk speed (0.83 ± 0.27 vs 0.92 ± 0.23 [m/s]; P = 0.007) than patients without sarcopenia. The odds of patients receiving MHD presenting with sarcopenia increased as PhA decreased, even after adjustment (odds ratio = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18–0.85; P = 0.019). ROC analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of PhA for sarcopenia was 4.95° in patients receiving MHD.

Conclusion

PhA may be a useful and simple predictor for predicting patients undergoing hemodialysis who are at risk of sarcopenia. To further facilitate the application of PhA in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, more research need to be conducted.
Two 8‐node quadrilateral unsymmetric elements with different incompatible modes immune to severe distortion
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Fan , Huang Ying‐Qing , Wang Ji‐Zhen , Liu Xiao‐Chuan , Chen Hai‐Bo
Published: February 2023

Most unsymmetric quadrilateral elements have demonstrated a high tolerance to mesh distortion in pure bending problems involving coarse meshes. However, they have difficulty achieving acceptable results in shearing‐dominated problems, and the element's performance is affected by the degree of mesh distortion. In this paper, two 8‐node quadrilateral elements are developed by introducing two different incompatible modes into the unsymmetric formulation. The unsymmetric framework with two different sets of interpolation functions for displacement fields provides the basis for the immunity property. The incompatible displacement mode and the enhanced assumed strain guarantee the completeness of the displacement field interpolation polynomials, and the satisfaction of ‐orthogonality condition ensures the accuracy of the simulations. The resulting elements, respectively, denoted as UQ10 and UQ10/E4, can provide exact solutions for both pure and linear bending problems and exhibit excellent insensitivity in shear‐dominated tests. Furthermore, they are invariant, rapidly converging, and free of various locking problems.
Insulin injection knowledge, attitude and behaviour of nurses: A cross‐sectional study in Guangdong Province
Authors: Liao Yangyang , Liu Xueyan , Huang Jiewei , Chen Qingling , Li Ningning , Zhou Peiru
Published: February 2023

Aim

To understand the insulin injection knowledge, attitude and behaviour of nurses and their influencing factors in Guangdong Province.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 19,853 nurses from 82 hospitals in 15 cities in Guangdong, China, participated in this study. The scores of the nurses' insulin injection knowledge, attitude and behaviour were determined through a questionnaire, and multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of insulin injection in different dimensions. STROBE.

Results

Among all nurses involved in this study, 22.3% of nurses had good knowledge, 75.9% of nurses had good attitude and 92.7% of nurses had good behaviour. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that knowledge, attitude scores and behaviour scores were significantly correlated. The influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and behaviour included gender, age, education, nurse level, work experience, type of ward, diabetes nursing certification, position held and most recent insulin administration.
Correlation between quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge and health outcomes of hysterectomy patients: A structural equation model analysis
Authors: Guan Meijun , Feng Xianqiong
Published: February 2023

Aim

To explore the relationship between the quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge and postdischarge health outcomes in hysterectomy patients.

Design

Cross‐sectional online survey.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey design was used to investigate 331 hysterectomy patients in a hospital in Chengdu. The results were analysed using Spearman's correlation and structural equation model.

Results

Spearman's correlation analysis revealed moderate‐to‐strong correlations among the quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge and postdischarge health outcomes. The total and direct effects of the quality of discharge teaching on patients' readiness for hospital discharge were both 0.70 and readiness for hospital discharge on patients' postdischarge health outcomes were both 0.49. The total, direct and indirect effects of the quality of discharge teaching on patients' postdischarge health outcomes were 0.58, 0.24 and 0.34, respectively. Readiness for hospital discharge mediated the interaction mechanism.
King Olaf's men? Contextualizing Viking burials at S:t Olofsholm, Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Geber Jonny , Pickard Catriona , Macaud Sarah , Sten Sabine , Carlsson Dan
Published: February 2023

The discovery of burials at S:t Olofsholm, a site associated with the Saint Olaf cult on Gotland in Sweden, has enabled a bioarchaeological contextualization of medieval legends and sagas in conjunction with the archaelogical record. This study seeks to illuminate who were buried at S:t Olofsholm, through a biocultural lens, and whether these burials can be linked to folklore and sagas associated with the site. Five burials of possibly six individuals (cal. AD 980–1270) were assessed macroscopically and through stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ18O) of incremental dentine, bulk enamel, and bone samples. Sagas and legends associated with S:t Olofsholm mention episodes of conflict and contact involving King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway (later canonized as Saint Olaf), Gutes and Icelanders, and travels between Norway and Kyiv Rus. Two (or three) burials show signs of violent deaths, including evidence of sharp force trauma and burning. Isotope analyses indicate local and non‐local signals, with possible links to southern Scandinavia, Britain, Iceland, the Baltics, and Kyiv Rus. In general, the evidence neither challenges nor confirms the legends and sagas associated with S:t Olofsholm. Instead, the findings illustrate the site's function as an early Christian place of worship within a wider Viking world that was characterized by travel and contact across the Baltic Sea, Scandinavia, and beyond. The burials at S:t Olofsholm are likely to be non‐normative as indicated by their place of interment and the violent cause of death of most individuals.
Subsistence strategies in the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age in Nenjiang River Basin: A zooarchaeological and stable isotope analysis of faunal remains at Honghe site, Northeast China
Authors: Liang Qiyao , Chen Quanjia , Zhang Naifan , Zhang Wei , Ning Chao , Cai Dawei
Published: February 2023

The Nenjiang River Basin, located in the northern part of Northeast China, is an important cultural region that has attracted much attention from academic communities. Previous studies demonstrated that hunting and gathering always dominate the subsistence for prehistoric populations in this region. Herein, we further investigate the evolution of dietary and economic strategies in the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age occupations at the recently excavated Honghe site of the Nenjiang River Basin by means of a multidisciplinary approach incorporating zooarchaeological and stable isotope analysis. The results of zooarchaeological approaches indicate that the Honghe populations rely extensively on hunting and fishing during the Late Neolithic (4500–4000 cal BP), consistent with the results of previous studies. Interestingly, by the Bronze Age (3100–2400 cal BP), animal husbandry develops as one main economic strategy, corresponding to the probable decline of hunting and fishing, which is different from the previous reports. In addition, based on the results of stable isotopic approaches, C3 plants are always prominent diets for animals and humans from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age, which signifies that crop agriculture does not appear to have been of primary importance during either of these eras, in contrast to the C4 agricultural tradition formed in the Neolithic Age of the southern part of Northeast China. The findings of this paper shed some more light on the evolution of human subsistence strategies in the Nenjiang River Basin.
Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function
Authors: Bachura Olga P. , Lobanova Tatyana V. , Kardash Oleg V.
Published: February 2023

An osteological collection of dogs from an aboriginal population settlement (Nadym Gorodok) in Western Siberia is described in this work. There were numerous bones (more than 1600) well preserved in the permafrost cultural layer, including almost complete skeletons of dogs of various ages. Craniological characteristics and reconstructions of the size and functions of the aboriginal dog were studied. The analysis of the finds showed that there was a large number of dogs in Nadym Gorodok in the 14–18th centuries AD. Dogs were bred on site in the settlement. During the 4 centuries, middle‐size dogs of the same build were kept in Nadym Gorodok. In size and general skull shape, the dogs were similar to the modern laika breed. The dogs were used mainly for hunting. During a hunt, dogs stalked prey and pulled sledges as a draft animal. There were no herding dogs.
Enhancement and control of water vapor permeability and thermal conductivity of polymers: A review
Authors: Chen Deyan , Liang Ze , Liu Yang , Zhang Zetian , Li Zhengjun
Published: February 2023

The water vapor permeability (WVP) and thermal conductivity of polymers are of great significance in personal cooling and even in responding to energy crises. This review attempts to discuss the factors that affecting these two properties at first, and then discusses the relationship between them from the aspects of hydrophilicity, porous structure, biomimetic layered structure, and so on. Generally, porous structure or hydrophilicity is beneficial to water vapor permeation, while dense structure is more conducive to the formation of heat conduction path and network, that is, to heat conduction. Of course, thermal conductive filler is the decisive factor for high thermal conductivity of polymer composites. Interestingly, the transmission process of water vapor also positively affects the heat conduction of polymer to a certain extent. Especially, the biomimetic fiber membrane with multi‐branch network following Murray's law, which integrates high WVP and high thermal conductivity, is one of the development directions of special concern. Finally, the related problems to be solved are put forward and prospected. It is hoped that this review will have positive guiding significance for developing polymer membranes and functional textile coatings with high moisture permeability and high thermal conductivity.
Loss of viral genome with altered immune microenvironment during tumour progression of Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Kondo Atsushi , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Rokutan Hirofumi , Kunita Akiko , Ikemura Masako , Yamashita Hiroharu , Seto Yasuyuki , Nagae Genta , Tatsuno Kenji , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Koinuma Daizo , Ushiku Tetsuo
Published: February 2023

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is one of the major drivers of gastric carcinogenesis. EBV infection is established before tumour initiation and is generally maintained throughout tumour development; however, the significance of EBV in tumour maintenance and progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we report eight cases of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) with intratumoural heterogenous expression of EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER), a highly expressed latent gene of EBV, and demonstrate clinicopathological characteristics of these rare cases. By performing detailed histological assessment of EBER‐positive and ‐negative components of each case, detection of EBV genome in tumour cells by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, TP73 methylation analysis, whole exome sequencing, and targeted gene panel sequencing, we identified tumours in two patients to be collision tumours of different origins. In the other six patients, some genetic/epigenetic alterations were shared between EBER‐positive and ‐negative components, suggesting that EBV was eliminated from tumour cells during progression. Interestingly, in both tumour types, programmed death ligand 1 and intratumoural infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes were lower in EBER‐negative than in EBER‐positive components, suggesting an immunogenic role of EBV. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the detailed histological features and genetic/epigenetic alterations in EBVaGC with heterogenous EBER expression; the loss of EBV may benefit tumour progression and immune evasion and might be clinically important for selecting treatment strategies for such cancers. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
After school: Volunteering in community emergency services and substance use among Israeli adolescents
Authors: Gil Fire , Sharon Barak , Shlomi Hail , Tirtzha Carmi , Lilach Ben‐Meir , Ariela Giladi , Yossi Harel‐Fisch , Riki Tesler
Published: February 2023

Volunteering can serve as a protective factor against substance abuse. Yet, it is unclear whether volunteering in specific community organizations, such as emergency services, promotes or protects against substance use. We aimed to (1) describe community volunteering characteristics among adolescents; (2) investigate differences in the prevalence of substance use according to community volunteering type; and (3) determine whether volunteering type was a predictor of substance use. We analyzed data from the 2018–2019 Health Behavior in School‐aged Children survey among Israeli adolescents aged 11–17 years (N = 3972). Most participants (N = 2452; 61.7%) did not volunteer at all, 27.1% (N = 1077) volunteered in youth movements/councils, and 11.2% (N = 443) volunteered in community emergency services. In comparison to the emergency services group, there was a higher volunteering frequency among the youth movements/councils group. Of the three groups (nonvolunteering, volunteering in youth movements/councils, and volunteering in community emergency services), those in the community emergency services group reported a significantly higher prevalence of weekly alcohol use, lifetime cannabis use, and new psychoactive drug use, while no significant between‐group differences were observed in smoking tobacco prevalence. Volunteering in the community emergency services has been linked to substance use, requiring the development of intervention programs by the school staff, before their active volunteering (e.g., guidance on emotional stress and substance abuse). Also, teachers can act as a protective factor for students, and identify emotional distress and anxiety in their students to prevent substance abuse. Furthermore, emergency services workers and instructors should also be aware of the higher risk of substance use among volunteering youth and should be given tools to better collaborate with parents and teachers in dealing with it.
Plasma catalytic technology for CH4 and CO2 conversion: A review highlighting fluidized‐bed plasma reactor
Authors: Chen Xiaozhong , Kim Hyun‐Ha , Nozaki Tomohiro
Published: February 2023

The plasma catalytic valorization of gases, particularly CH4 and CO2, has gained increasing attention. Value‐added chemicals, such as syngas and ethene, can be formed under mild conditions when temperature‐decoupled plasma activation and multistep feasible catalytic conversion are combined. In this sense, efficient plasma–catalyst interaction is of key importance, for which, however, plasma catalysis, as an emerging technology, is still poorly studied, where new catalyst design and investigation took up the most effort. In this perspective work, the challenging but equally important plasma–catalyst interaction is discussed, comparatively analyzing which type of plasma, catalyst bed, is the most promising. Representative plasma catalytic systems with their characteristic features are summarized, where the intrinsic capability of fluidized‐bed dielectric barrier discharge (FB‐DBD) reactor to maximize the plasma–catalyst interaction is highlighted. Furthermore, ongoing research on FB plasma catalysis is reviewed, based on which the superiority of FB‐DBD to other candidates, especially the most widely used packed‐bed DBD reactor, is critically evaluated. In addition, the perspectives of FB‐DBD, including challenges and development potential, are discussed.
“Find ways to work parenting into cystic fibrosis”: A PhotoVoice exploration of being a parent and having CF
Authors: Stransky Olivia M. , Benipal Savvy , Pam Molly , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Documet Patricia , Kazmerski Traci M.
Published: February 2023

Background

As more people with cystic fibrosis (CF) consider their reproductive futures, the impact of parenthood on CF must be better understood. In the context of chronic disease, deciding if, when, and how to become a parent is complex. Little research has investigated how parents with CF balance their role as parents with its associated health impacts and demands of CF.

Methods

PhotoVoice is a research methodology that utilizes photography to generate discussion about community issues. We recruited parents with CF with at least 1 child <10 years old and divided them into three cohorts. Each cohort met five times. Cohorts developed photography prompts, took photographs between sessions, and reflected on the photos at subsequent meetings. At the final meeting, participants selected 2−3 pictures, wrote captions, and as a group organized the photographs into thematic groups. Secondary thematic analysis identified metathemes.

Results

Participants (n = 18) generated a total of 202 photographs. Each cohort identified 3−4 themes (n = 10) which secondary analysis grouped into 3 metathemes: (1) It is important for parents with CF to pay attention to the joyful aspects of parenting and to cultivate positive experiences; (2) Parenting with CF requires balancing your own needs with those of your child, and creativity and flexibility can be key; (3) Parenting with CF consists of competing priorities and expectations often with no clear “correct” choice.

Conclusions

Parents with CF identified unique challenges to their existence as both parents and patients as well as ways in which parenting has enhanced their lives.
Prediction of Solid Propellant Burning Rate Characteristics Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Klinger Daniel , Casey Alex , Manship Tim , Son Steven , Strachan Alejandro
Published: February 2023

When formulating a new solid propellant, one of the most important aspects of its performance is the burning rate's response to a change in pressure. For this reason, it is useful to be able to predict the burning rate response of a given propellant before the propellant formulation is created such that experimental trade studies are minimized or reduced in scale. While many theoretical and phenomenological models have been proposed to explain various aspects of energetic material combustion, little work has been made publicly available in the application of machine learning models to predicting solid propellant burning rates. To facilitate model creation, the material formulation and burning rate parameters for over 600 publicly available propellant formulations have been collected into a coherent data set. This work utilizes the large amount of publicly available data to inform a random forest machine learning (ML) model in the prediction of solid propellant burning rate parameters. This ML model operates over a large parameter space including ammonium perchlorate composite, plastic bonded high explosive, and double‐base propellants. The model's accuracy, adaptability, and prediction capabilities are presented and discussed. The effects of different materials on a propellant's expected burning rate are examined.
Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Energetic Materials by Design: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Choi Joseph B , Nguyen Phong C. H. , Sen Oishik , Udaykumar H. S. , Baek Stephen
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a enabling tool for solving complex materials design problems. This paper aims to review recent advances in AI‐driven materials‐by‐design and their applications to energetic materials (EM). Trained with data from numerical simulations and/or physical experiments, AI models can assimilate trends and patterns within the design parameter space, identify optimal material designs (micro‐morphologies, combinations of materials in composites, etc.), and point to designs with superior/targeted property and performance metrics. We review approaches focusing on such capabilities with respect to the three main stages of materials‐by‐design, namely representation learning of microstructure morphology (i. e., shape descriptors), structure‐property‐performance (S−P−P) linkage estimation, and optimization/design exploration. We leave out “process” as much work remains to be done to establish the connectivity between process and structure. We provide a perspective view of these methods in terms of their potential, practicality, and efficacy towards the realization of materials‐by‐design. Specifically, methods in the literature are evaluated in terms of their capacity to learn from a small/limited number of data, computational complexity, generalizability/scalability to other material species and operating conditions, interpretability of the model predictions, and the burden of supervision/data annotation. Finally, we suggest a few promising future research directions for EM materials‐by‐design, such as meta‐learning, active learning, Bayesian learning, and semi‐/weakly‐supervised learning, to bridge the gap between machine learning research and EM research.
A New Parametrization of Hubble Parameter in f(Q)$f(Q)$ Gravity
Authors: Koussour M. , Pacif S. K. J. , Bennai M. , Sahoo P.K.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we examine the accelerated expansion of the Universe at late‐time in the framework of gravity theory in which the non‐metricity scalar Q describes the gravitational interaction. To this, we propose a new parametrization of the Hubble parameter using a model‐independent way and apply it to the Friedmann equations in the FLRW Universe. Then we estimate the best fit values of the model parameters by using the combined datasets of updated consisting of 57 points, the Pantheon consisting of 1048 points, and BAO datasets consisting of six points with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The evolution of deceleration parameter indicates a transition from the deceleration to the acceleration phase of the Universe. In addition, we investigate the behavior of statefinder analysis and Om diagnostic parameter, Further, to discuss other cosmological parameters, we consider a model, specifically, , where m and n are free parameters. Finally, we find that the model supports the present accelerating Universe, and the EoS parameter behaves like the quintessence model.
Third Harmonic Generation in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs Quantum Dots: the Influence of the Structure Parameter, Static Electric, and Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhang Xiaosen
Published: February 2023

Herein, the nonlinear third harmonic generation (THG) distribution of Al0.3Ga0.7 As/GaAs quantum dots is studied under the combined influence of hydrostatic pressure and structural parameters, considering the presence of an electrostatic field and magnetic field. Hydrostatic pressure is introduced into the system as an environmental condition in the form of effective mass. When the hydrostatic pressure changes within a certain range, the peak shift and resonance peak of the THG coefficient change significantly, reflecting its application effect elegantly. Interestingly, the effects of these application modes on nonlinear optical properties have different effects, whether it is hydrostatic pressure, structural parameters, or electromagnetic fields.
Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based analysis for structural reliability of the crane rail beam under stochastic crane movements and irradiation conditions
Authors: Qian Cheng , Li Wenjuan , Ren Yi , Hu Ziyang , Yang Lei , Zhao Xiaolong , Wang Xiaoli
Published: February 2023

This study presents a Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based approach to investigate how stochastic crane movements affect the structural reliability of the rail beam considering radiation effects. In the simulation, the rail beam loaded under a stochastically moving crane is discretized into 47 equispaced structural points for calculating its strain profile. Then the structural reliability at each structural point is calculated with the consideration of irradiation creep, represented as an accumulated strain over a given period of time. And the rail beam reliability is determined by the minimum value from the reliabilities calculated at different structural points, according to the weakest link principle. In our simulations, three candidate distributions, including the normal distribution, uniform distribution, and 3‐parameter lognormal distributions respectively, are applied to describe the stochastic distances of the crane. It can be seen from the simulation results that the rail beam reliability degrades with the most rapid rate when the crane distances follow a normal distribution, compared to the other two distributions. This paper offers a possible way of using the proposed Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based method to carry out reliability analysis and improvements for the rail beam working in extreme environments, such as irradiation conditions, with random operational tasks.
Modified nonlinear cumulative damage model considering residual strength degradation and gear reliability analysis
Authors: Ding Gaohui , Yan Yinze , Si Shubin , Cai Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

The fatigue damage of gear is caused by the coexistence and mutual influence of residual strength degradation and cumulative damage. The residual strength decreases continuously with the change of the loads and the increase of stress cycles. Most of the traditional cumulative damage models ignore the effect of residual strength degradation on cumulative damage. The exponential parameter in the traditional Corten‐Dolan model was defined as exponentials function related to the strength degradation coefficient, and the strength degradation coefficient was deduced by analyzing the residual strength degradation model, and the modified Corten‐Dolan model considering the residual strength degradation was established. Based on the stress‐strength interference model, a gear reliability model considering residual strength degradation was established. The effectiveness of the strength degradation model and the accuracy of the modified Corten‐Dolan model are verified by the analysis of the test data, which provides a new idea for the reliability analysis of gear. The accuracy of the gear reliability model proposed in this paper was verified by Monte‐Carlo (M‐C) simulation, which has practical significance for engineering application.
Cardiac manifestations in children with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS‐C) associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arantes Junior Márcio Antonio Ferreira , Conegundes Ana Flávia , Branco Miranda Bárbara Castello , Radicchi Campos Alexia Stenner Rodrigues , França Vieira Ana Luiza , Faleiro Matheus Daniel , Campos Marco Antônio , Kroon Erna Geessien , Bentes Aline Almeida
Published: February 2023

According to the World Health Organisation, as of October 2022, there have been 55,560,329 reported cases of SARS‐COV‐2 in patients under 19 years old. It is estimated that about 0.06% of these patients may develop MIS‐C, representing more than 2 million children worldwide. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the pooled prevalence of cardiovascular manifestation and cardiac complications in children hospitalised with MIS‐C. The PROSPERO register number is CRD42022327212. We included case‐report studies, case‐control studies, cohort studies, and cross‐sectional studies, as well as clinical trials or studies describing cardiac manifestations of MIS‐C and its sequelae in a paediatric population. Initially, 285 studies were selected, but there were 154 duplicates, and 81 were excluded because they did not fit the eligibility criteria. Thus, 50 studies were selected for review, and 30 were included in the meta‐analysis. A total sample size of 1445 children was included. The combined prevalence of myocarditis or pericarditis was 34.3% (95% CI: 25.0%–44.2%). The combined prevalence for echocardiogram anomalies was 40.8% (95% CI: 30.5%–51.5%), that of Kawasaki disease presentation was 14.8% (95% CI: 7.5%–23.7%), and that of coronary dilation was 15.2% (95% CI: 11.0%–19.8%). The rate of electrocardiogram anomalies was 5.3% (95% CI: 0.8%–12.3%), and the mortality rate was 0.5% (CI 95%: 0%–1.2%). Furthermore, 186 children still had complications at discharge, with a combined prevalence of such long‐lasting manifestations of 9.3% (95% CI: 5.6%–13.7%). Studies that assess whether these children will have an increased cardiovascular risk with a greater chance of acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, or thrombosis will be essential for healthcare planning.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rathore Sawai Singh , Velasquez‐Botero Felipe , Nieto‐Salazar María Alejandra , Flowers Thomas C. , Hasan Jamal , Parashar Ashwani Kumar , Tanveer Khurram , Aneis Hamam , Buremoh Ayotunde Isaac , Yusuf Keturah , Khalil Khalil , Toro‐Velandia Adriana Carolina , Sabeeh Shireen Kh.
Published: February 2023

There is a scarcity of scientific evidence addressing the outcomes of COVID‐19 in celiac disease (CD) patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the correlation between pre‐existing CD and COVID‐19. A rigorous literature search was conducted using multiple databases. All eligible observational studies were included from around the globe. The random effect model calculated the pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratios were produced to report the overall effect size using random effect models for severity and mortality outcomes. Funnel plots, Egger regression tests, and Begg‐Mazumdar's rank correlation test were used to appraise publication bias. Data from 11 articles consisting of 44,378 CD patients were obtained. Overall pooled random‐effects estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in CD patients was 4.25% (95% CI, I2 = 98%). Our findings also indicated that pre‐existing CD was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID‐19 illness (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.87–1.24, I2 = 0%) and mortality due to illness (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.56–1.5, I2 = 45%) compared with patients without pre‐existing CD. No significant publication bias was evident in the meta‐analysis. The preliminary data from our analysis suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with pre‐existing CD is not associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation or mortality. Additional studies are required to overcome the restrictions of the limited data available at present.
Appointed‐time formation‐containment control for nonlinear multi‐agent networks using sample‐data feedback
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Liu Yongfang , Zhao Yu , Wen Guanghui
Published: February 2023

This paper focuses on the single‐ and second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems, contributing to realizing the formation‐containment control over directed communication networks, respectively. By dividing the agents into three types, that is, the tracking‐leader, formation‐leaders and followers, a class of two‐layer sample‐data formation‐containment control protocols are developed. Then, under the proposed sample mechanism, the investigated problem is transformed into a motion planning problem and the influence caused by non‐identical nonlinear dynamics is offset by integral techniques. It shows that with the time projection method, the formation‐containment behaviour emerges at an appointed time, which is regardless of any parameters and initial conditions for agents. In comparison with previous results, the main contribution of this paper is achieving the appointed‐time formation‐containment control and appointed‐time tracking to a dynamic leader with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, the condition on dynamics is more relaxed, only requiring the nonlinearities errors to be bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are given to indicate the effectiveness of obtained results.
Learning‐based model predictive control for improved mobile robot path following using Gaussian processes and feedback linearization
Authors: Wang Jie , Fader Michael T. H. , Marshall Joshua A.
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a high‐performance path following algorithm that combines Gaussian processes (GP) based learning and feedback linearization (FBL) with model predictive control (MPC) for ground mobile robots operating in off‐road terrains, referred to as GP‐FBLMPC. The algorithm uses a nominal kinematic model and learns unmodeled dynamics as GP models by using observation data collected during field experiments. Extensive outdoor experiments using a Clearpath Husky A200 mobile robot show that the proposed GP‐FBLMPC algorithm's performance is comparable to existing GP learning‐based nonlinear MPC (GP‐NMPC) methods with respect to the path following errors. The advantage of GP‐FBLMPC is that it is generalizable in reducing path following errors for different paths that are not included in the GP models training process, while GP‐NMPC methods only work well on exactly the same path on which GP models are trained. GP‐FBLMPC is also computationally more efficient than the GP‐NMPC because it does not conduct iterative optimization and requires fewer GP models to make predictions over the MPC prediction horizon loop at every time step. Field tests show the effectiveness and generalization of reducing path following errors of the GP‐FBLMPC algorithm. It requires little training data to perform GP modeling before it can be used to reduce path‐following errors for new, more complex paths on the same terrain (see video at https://youtu.be/tC09jJQ0OXM).
Coapplication of water treatment residual and compost for increased phosphorus availability in arable sandy soils
Authors: Gwandu Tariro , Lukashe Noxolo S. , Rurinda Jairos , Stone Wendy , Chivasa Stephen , Clarke Catherine E. , Nezomba Hatirarami , Mtambanengwe Florence , Mapfumo Paul , Steytler Jan G. , Johnson Karen L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Soil degradation coupled with poor access to organic nutrient resources remains a major constraint in increased crop productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, thus hindering the continent's efforts in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goals 1 (end poverty), 2 (zero hunger) and 3 (improve human health). Water treatment residual (WTR), a by‐product of clean water treatment, has been identified as an alternative organic nutrient resource for crop production. However, there are some inconsistences in soil phosphorus (P) dynamics following aluminium WTR (Al‐WTR) application.

Materials & Methods

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the P sorption of a sandy soil amended with 10% Al‐WTR, 10% compost (C) as a quasi‐control, 10% C + 10% Al‐WTR (10% coamendment) and 5% C + 5% Al‐WTR (5% coamendment) under varying levels of pH, particle size and P concentration. We calculated crop P fertilizer requirements under different amendments.

Results

The results demonstrated that all amendments exceeded the minimum of 0.2 mg P L−1 needed in soil solution at equilibrium to maintain plant growth. However, the maximum P sorption capacity was higher for 10% Al‐WTR single amendment, ranging from 770 to 1000 mg P Kg−1, and from 714 to 1000 mg P Kg−1 and 555 to 909 mg P Kg−1 for 10% and 5% coamendments, respectively, across a range of pH and soil particle size fractions. The coamendments showed a reduction in crop P fertilizer requirements by ranges of 30–60% and 60–70% for the 10% and 5% coamendment levels, respectively, across different pH and particle sizes, relative to 10% Al‐WTR.

Conclusion

Results show that the use of 5% coamendment in sandy soils increases P availability sufficiently to improve crop yields. The results provide scope for using Al‐WTR coamendments to rebuild soil health in sandy soils in urban agriculture and increase macronutrient provision in crops to support human health.
Inside Block Copolymer Micelles—Tracing Interfacial Influences on Crosslinking Efficiency in Nanoscale Confined Spaces
Authors: Höppener Christiane , Elter Johanna K. , Schacher Felix H. , Deckert Volker
Published: February 2023

Recently, several studies have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopyfor in‐depth investigations of structural properties of matter with unprecedented resolution and chemical specificity. These capabilities are utilized here to study the internal structure of core‐crosslinked micelles, which are formed by self‐assembly of the diblock terpolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(furfuryl glycidylether‐co‐tert‐butylglycidyl ether). Supplementing force–volume atomic force microscopy experiments address additionally the nanomechanical properties. Particularly, TERS enables investigating the underlying principles influencing the homogeneity and efficiency of the Diels–Alder core‐crosslinking process in the confined hydrophobic core. While the central core region is homogenously crosslinked, a breakdown of the crosslinking reaction is observed in the core–corona interfacial region. The results corroborate that a strong crosslinking efficiency is directly correlated to the formation of a mixed zone of the glycidyl ether and PEO corona blocks reaching ≈5 nm into the core region. Concomitantly a strong exclusion of the encapsulated bismaleimide crosslinker from the interfacial region is observed. It is conceivable that a changed structure, chemical composition and altered nanomechanical properties of this interfacial region may also influence the crosslinking efficiency across the entire core region by a modification of the solubility of the crosslinker in the interfacial core‐corona region.
Surface Oxygen Vacancy Inducing Li‐Ion‐Conducting Percolation Network in Composite Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yun Heejun , Cho Jinil , Ryu Seokgyu , Pyo Seonmi , Kim Heebae , Lee Jeewon , Min Byeongyun , Cho Yong Hyun , Seo Harim , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kim Youn Sang
Published: February 2023

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are newly emerging components for all‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries owing to their excellent processability and compatibility with the electrodes. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the CSEs is one order of magnitude higher than the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) by incorporation of inorganic fillers into SPEs. However, their advancement has come to a standstill owing to unclear Li‐ion conduction mechanism and pathway. Herein, the dominating effect of the oxygen vacancy (Ovac) in the inorganic filler on the ionic conductivity of CSEs is demonstrated via Li‐ion‐conducting percolation network model. Based on density functional theory, indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) are selected as inorganic filler to determine the effect of Ovac on the ionic conductivity of the CSEs. Owing to the fast Li‐ion conduction through the Ovac inducing percolation network on ITO NP–polymer interface, LiFePO4/CSE/Li cells using CSEs exhibit a remarkable capacity in long‐term cycling (154 mAh g−1 at 0.5C after 700 cycles). Moreover, by modifying the Ovac concentration of ITO NPs via UV‐ozone oxygen‐vacancy modification, the ionic conductivity dependence of the CSEs on the surface Ovac from the inorganic filler is directly verified.
Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Catalytic Generation of Nitric Oxide: A Mini Review
Authors: Wang Chengyan , Tian Gan , Yu Xin , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2023

As a gaseous second messenger, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a series of signal pathways. Research on the NO regulation for various disease treatments has aroused wide concern. However, the lack of accurate, controllable, and persistent release of NO has significantly limited the application of NO therapy. Profiting from the booming development of advanced nanotechnology, a mass of nanomaterials with the properties of controllable release have been developed to seek new and effective NO nano‐delivery approaches. Nano‐delivery systems that generate NO through catalytic reactions exhibit unique superiority in terms of precise and persistent release of NO. Although certain achievements have been made in the catalytically active NO delivery nanomaterials, some basic but critical issues, such as the concept of design, are of low attention. Herein, an overview of the generation of NO through catalytic reactions and the design principles of related nanomaterials are summarized. Then, the nanomaterials that generate NO through catalytic reactions are classified. Finally, the bottlenecks and perspectives are also discussed in depth for the future development of catalytical NO generation nanomaterials.