bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urine osmolality is equivalent to creatinine concentration for normalising urinary progestogen in the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus).
Authors: Matson P. , Power V. , Kappelle W. , Clarke B. R.
Published: November 2018

Urine was collected from numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus) held at the Perth Zoo (Western Australian) as part of the native Species Breeding Programme which breeds animals in captivity to by released to the wild. Osmolality and creatinine concentrations were very variable despite the provision of water ad libitum and a controlled diet. Progestogen was normalised by dividing the concentration by both the creatinine concentration and the osmolality of the urine. The correlation of these two ratios was highly significant for 7 of the 9 animals.
The Distribution of Ascorbic Acud in the Tissues of Insects
Authors: Day MF
Published: November 2018

Ascorbic acid has been detected histologically in many, but not in all tissues of insects. It is particularly abundant in the midgut epithelium and nervous tissue, and is usually confined to the cytoplasm. In two insta:n~es nucleoli have given a' positive reaction for ascorbic acid.
The Development of Horizontal Canals in Rays
Authors: Chattaway Margaret
Published: November 2018

The development of horizontal canals has been studied by means of serial tangential sections in three geneta of non-pored (gymnosperm) and six genera of pored (angiosperm) woods.
Radio-Autographs of Manganese in Plants
Authors: Millikan CR
Published: November 2018

Flax, peas, cabbage, and tomato plants were grown in nutrient solutio::ls to which radio-active manganese (0.035 mc. of Mn54 ) was added with an excess of non-labelled manganese. The treatments included an excess of molybdenum as ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate in addition to the excess manganese. With flax and peas a further radio-active treatment was studied in which the total manganese level was normal (0.5 p.p.m.). Radio-autographs and radio-assays of various plant tissues were made.
Studies on the Digestion of Wool by Insects III. A Comparison Between the Tracheation of the Midgut of Tineola Larvae and That of Other Insect Tissues
Authors: Day MF
Published: November 2018

A study of the tracheation of nine tissues and organs of five species of insects reveals that the arrangement of tracheae and especially of tracheoles is determined by the structure of the tissue supplied. Adaptations are found in the ovary permitting the supply of the oocyte during its rapid enlargement. There is a correlation between the abundance of the tracheal supply of a tissue and its probable oxygen requirements.
Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae I. The Development of a Culture Medium Yielding High Protease Activity
Authors: E Maxwell Margaret
Published: November 2018

When grown on modified Raulin's medium, containing additional sucrose, ammonium tartrate, and phosphate, Aspergillus oryzae yields more protease than when cultivated on unmodified Raulin's or Czapek-Dox media. Replacement of sucrose in the medium by fructose, invert sugar, glucose, maltose, starch, or lactose decreases the yield of enzyme in that order. Ammonium tartrate may be replaced by equivalent concentrations of the more readily available salts, sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) and ammonium chloride, without loss in activity.
The Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors on the Local Action of Oestrone and Oestradiol-3,17ß on the Vagina of Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Claringbold PJ
Published: November 2018

In the intravaginal Allen-Doisy test for oestrogenic activity potassium cyanide produced a significant increase in response' to oestrone, but not to oestradiol-3,17 fJ.
The Inheritance of Antibody Response to Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Rabbits
Authors: Sobey WR
Published: November 2018

In a crossbred population of rabbits it was found that the level of secondary antibody response to a routine injection of T.M.V. was highly heritable (h2 = 0.876, S.E. 0.09).
The Structure and Swelling Properties of Nitella Chloroplasts
Authors: Mercer FV , Hodge AJ , Hope AB , Mclean JD
Published: November 2018

The swelling of the chloroplasts of NiteUa cristata A. Br. in solutions of different osmotic pressures has been examined in relation to their fine structure, isoelectric point, and permeability towards KCl.
Strains of Myzus Persicae (sulz.) Active and Inactive with Respect to Virus Transmission
Authors: Stubbs LL
Published: November 2018

The inconsistent transmission of a persistent yellows virus disease of spinach by its vector, Myztls persicae, is described.
Studies on Chitin II. Reaction of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine With a-Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Authors: Hackman RH
Published: November 2018

The reaction of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with a-amino acids, peptides, and proteins has been investigated. The course of the reaction has been followed by methods which involved the use of paper partition chromatography, polarimetric measurements, measurement of pH depression, and equilibrium dialysis. It is considered that products of the Schiff base (or azomethine) type are formed but the combination is unstable and is split even in the biological pH range. No reaction occurs under acidic conditions but ~der alkaline conditions the amount of reaction increases with the pH. At a given pH the percentage combination depends upon the equilibrium constant of the reaction and upon the dissociation constant of the a-amino nitrogen, as this determines the initial concentration of the reagent. Differences in the degrees of ionization are more important in determining the percentage combination than are the differences in the equilibrium constants. The reaction is of a similar type to that which occurs between glucose and a-amino acids or peptides. Tyrosine, as well as free a-amino groups, appears to play an important part in the binding of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by insect cuticular proteins. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyN'- D-glucosylglycine ethyl ester has been synthesized from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glycine ethyl ester and its properties have been investigatd.
The Metabolism of Arginine in Serratia Marcescens II. Carbamy1-Adednosine Diphosphate Phosphoferase
Authors: Glasziou KT
Published: November 2018

Carbamyl-adenesine diphesphate (ADP) phosphoforase, an enzyme which eatalysos the synthosis and broakdown of oarbamyl phosphate (CAP), has beon purified 43-fold and obtained free of carbamyl phosphate phosphatase activity. ADP, but not. adenosine mOllophosphate, has been shown to be a sllbsLrate for the enzyme. Magnesium or manganous ions are requirod for activity. Inhibition by heavy metal cations and p-chloromorcuribenzoato indicate that, a sulpbydryl group is involved in catalysis.
Leucoanthocyanins as the Possiblig Precursors of Extractives in Woody Tissues
Authors: Hillis WE
Published: November 2018

Leucoanthocyallins ill plant tissues have been estimated by moasuring tho nnthocyanidins produced after hoating with i8opropanol-hydroehloric acid in it closo(1 tuhe. Various tiSSllOS of fiJucalYT!tu8 sicberiarla F. Muoll., E. obZiqua I,'Horit., E. regnan8 F. Muol!., and Ii). maculata Hoole were studied by this method. The amonnt of loucoanthoeyanills was observed to decrease with increasing degree of maturity of tho dif'fel'Ollt leaves on a stem. il<fost of the leucoanthocyanins appeared to be in tho colourless leaf tips. Tho amount of lellcoanthocyanin in the bnrk decrcascd during the growing season, ntHl the amount in the emnhimn decreasod rapidly once difforontiation of MiO tissnes began. 1'ho sapwood of E. 8"ieber-iana containcd about half that in the heartwood. Similar results wore found in transvcrsc discs from logs of E. marg'inat(t Sm. which contained also an outer heartwood zOlle. 1'ho extraneous materials'in this lattcr zone were lllllCh ]"nore water soluble, although Lho alkali solublos of tho inner outm' hoartwood zonos werc tho smne. Tho acctono solublos ill E. mar-irinata sapwood wel'e lnrgoly leucoallthocyanins.
Nutrient Interactions and Deficiency Diagnosis in the Lettuce IV. Phosphorus Content and Response to Phosphorus
Authors: Grant Lipp AE , Goodall DW
Published: November 2018

Lettuce plants grown in sand culture, and recelvmg nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at five levels in all combinations, were analysed at different stages of growth for these elements. An attempt was made to relate these analytical data to the growth response following a supplementary application of phosphorus.
Studies of the Growth Substances of Legume Nodules Using Paper Chromatography
Authors: Pate JS
Published: November 2018

Five distinct growth substances active in the Avena coleoptile straightgrowth test were separated by paper chromatography of ethanol extracts of nodules of Pisum arvense L. and Ulex europaeus L. Three of the active substances were classed as promotors, two as inhibitors, of coleoptile elongation. They exhibited the following migration behaviour in isopropanol-ammonia chromatography solvent:
Uptake and Translocation of Chlorine in Citrus Cuttings During and After a Short Salt Treatment
Authors: Groenewegen H , Bouma D , Gates CT
Published: November 2018

Rooted citrus cuttings were subjected to a short salinity stress and after salt removal the chlorine redistribution was studied over a period of 82 days.
The Effect of Temperature on the Chromatography of Insulin on Deae-Cellulose
Authors: O'donnell IJ , Thompson EOP
Published: November 2018

The effect of ionic strength (range 0,15-0, 3), pH (range 7-9), and temperature (range I-25�C) on the chromatographic behaviour of three samples of insulin on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose columns has been studied. These three factors have a similar effect, a decrease of temperature or pH and an increase in ionic strength lowering the elution volume of the protein. The marked effect of temperature is not due to aggregation-disaggregation of the insulin since bovine plasma albumin which does not aggregate reversibly also showed this effect. The desamido component of insulin could not be detected in commercial insulin under the conditions studied but a minor component varying from 2-6 per cent. of the insulin was separated, as well as various amounts of bound ammonia. Removal of zinc from the insulin did not affect the elution curve.
Nitrate Accumulation in Relation to Molybdenum Deficiency Leaf Scorch Symptoms
Authors: Notley LF , Wilson GL
Published: November 2018

The accumulation of nitrate in the leaf tissue of nitrate-supplied, molybdenumdeficient plants has been suspected as a cause of the scorching symptoms which frequently develop (e.g. Agarwala 1952; Agarwala and Hewitt 1952; Hewitt and McCready 1953). Quantitative studies of the relationship between nitrate content and the symptoms have, however, been inconclusive. The literature suggests (cf. Wilson and Waring 1948; Johnson, Pearson, and Stout 1952) that this may follow from the estimation of nitrate in whole leaf tissue rather than in damaged portions.
A Quantitative Study of The Gibberellin Content of Seeds of Phaseolus Vulgaris at Different Stages in Their Development
Authors: Skene KGM , Carr DJ
Published: November 2018

Extracts were made, using ethyl acetate, from bean seeds at different stages of development. Chromatograms of the extracts were developed using n-butanol-l' 5N ammonium hydroxide (3 : 1 vjv) and the chromatograms surveyed by two methods of bioassay for gibberellin activity. Activity was found in two zones, zone 1 at RF 0'3-0'4, zone 2 at RF 0,7-0,9. The amount of activity in each zone (compared with that of known amounts of gibberellic acid) changes in step with changes in the growth rate of the seeds. The bean seed has a diauxic pattern of growth.
Studies on the Sodium-Potassium Balance in Erythrocytes of Australian merino sheep 1. Changes in concentrations in the erythrocytes of lambs from birth to 98 days
Authors: H Koch Judith , Newton Turner Helen
Published: November 2018

Estimates are given of the sodium-potassium balance in the erythrocytes of 16 Australian Merino and Merino cross lambs at ages ranging from to 98 days. The [Na+] values rose and the [K+] values fell from birth till an age of approximately 60 days, after which each variable fluctuated about a value comparable with those obtained for the dams of the same lambs, all of which were adult Merinos. Curves were fitted up to 57 days, their equations being y[Na+]=21�47 +2�63x-O�0203x' and y[K+] =99�60-2�78x+O�0221x' (x = age in days).
Variation in the Gene Frequencies of Potassium and Haemoglobin Types in Romney Marsh and Southdown Sheep Established Away From Their Native Environment
Authors: Evans JV , Blunt MH
Published: November 2018

The gene frequencies for high potassium and haemoglobin type A have been determined in flocks of Romney Marsh and Southdown sheep in New South Wales and these frequencies have been compared with those found in Great Britain.
Pathology of Infestation of the Rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) Vi. Absorption In Vivo From the Distal Ileum
Authors: Symons LEA
Published: November 2018

The net fluxes of water, sodium, and chloride and the absorption of glucose were measured in vivo in the distal ileum of rats infested in the jejunum by the nematode Nippo8trongylu8 muri8. The rate of net fluxes of water and chloride was not affected, but the rate of absorption of glucose and probably sodium was increased in infested rats. The dry weight of the distaJ ileum per unit length was unchanged by the infestation.
The Freezing of Plant Tissue
Authors: Marshall DC
Published: November 2018

A theory of the freezing process of the tissue of pear fruit is presented, based on the cell permeability theory and on the thermodynamics of moisture in porous media. According to this theory the nature of the temperature v. time curve during freezing is determined by the speed of advance of the ice front into the tissue. Curves for freezing and thawing calculated from the theory are compared wit,h experimental curves.
Studies in Translocation I. The Respiration of The Phloem
Authors: D Duloy Margaret , Mercer FV
Published: November 2018

Comparative studies have been made of the respiratory metabolism 'of the vascular and ground tissues of the shoots of four species, Apium graveolens, Oucur� bita pepo, Vitis vinifera, and Verbascum virgatum. As far as examined the respiration of the phloem tissue in each species was qualitatively identical with that of the surrounding ground tissues, and generally similar to that of other plant tissues.
The Fate of Intravenous Doses of Free and Plasma Protein-Bound [35S]Cystine in the Sheep
Authors: Downes AM
Published: November 2018

When a tracer quantity of L- or DL.[35S]cystine was mixed with sheep blood plasma about two-thirds of the radioactivity was bound to the proteins after 4 hr at 39�C, probably as half. cystine residues in disulphide linkage. The reversibility of the binding was demonstrated.
Preparation of Pure Proteins From Hog Thyroid Glands by Column Chromatography on Diethylaminoethylcellulose
Authors: Shulman S , Stanley PG
Published: November 2018

Saline extracts of hog thyroid glands were chromatographed on columns of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose using gradients of pH and salt concentration. Two major peaks of protein emerged from these columns. When rechromatographed under identical conditions, part of the first peak to emerge from the column redis� tributed itself to give two peaks which appeared in positions corresponding t,o those of the two peaks eluted from the first chromatographic run.
The Nitrogen Requirements of Some Members of the Viridans Group of Streptococci
Authors: I Paul Jean
Published: November 2018

The amino acid. requirements of certain members of the viridans group of streptococci have been investigated. These requirements have not been found to be uniform among strains of StreptoooccUB bovis. Rumen strains of Strep. bows require, in addition to 20 amino acids, rumen liquor or an extract of rumen liquor or certain other organic complexes. The chemical nature of the active factor suggests a peptide . . The essential amino acids for the faecal strains of Strep. boviB were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, valine, asparagine, and histidine.
Inheritance of Ddt-Resistance Involving The Y-Chromosome in the Housefly (Musoa Domestioa L.)
Authors: Kerr RW
Published: November 2018

Selection for early maturation applied to a laboratory colony of Musca domestica L. eliminated autosomally controlled DDT�resistance from both sexes, but a proportion of the males exhibited a genetically new type of resistance which was shown to be not transmitted through the females but to involve the y-chromo� some. By a single selection with DDT, applied to males only, the early-maturing strain was separated into two true-breeding strains omogeneous in both sexes with respect to DDT-tolerances, the one susceptible to DDT in both males and females, the other susceptible in females but showing at least an eightfold resistance to DDT in all its males.
Chromatographic Fractionation of the Acetic Acid Soluble Proteins of Wheat Flour on Carboxymethyl-Cellulose
Authors: Simmond DH , Winzor DJ
Published: November 2018

The acetic acid soluble proteins extracted from wheat flour have been separated into 11 fractions by a chromatographic procedure using columns of carboxymethyl- cellulose, equilibrated with O� 005M acetate buffer, pH 4�1. Under theso conditions one fraction passes unretarded through the column. Eight further fractions are eluted at pH 4� 1 by employing a gradient to O� 2M N aCl in the presence of 1M dimethyl formamide (DMF) which prevents protein precipitation at ionic strengths greater than 0�03.
Short Communication Distribution of Glutamyl Transferase in The Ripening Pea Seed
Authors: Rijven AHGC
Published: November 2018

Glutamyl transferase is considered identical with glutamine synthetase. Elliott (1953) achieved a 2000-fold purification of the enzyme from the germinating pea seed, and this material has formed a popular plant source of the enzyme.
Studies Concerning the inheritance of Ascospore Length in Neurospora Crassa II. Selection Experiments With Wild-Type Strains
Authors: Lee BTO
Published: November 2018

Various types of selection with respect to ascospore length were practised with wild-type strains of Neurospora crass(L. The effect of all types of selection over 11 generations was essentially the same. A significant increase in mean ascospore length, a tendency for a decrease in the coefficient of variation, and a decrease in fertility were observed in each case. These results are discussed and a hypothesis to explain them is put forward.
The Effect of Reduced Food intake on the Response to induced Ovulation in Hypophysectomized Mice
Authors: DFielden E , Brumby PJ
Published: November 2018

Ovulation following treatment with gonadotrophins was studied in hypo-physectomized mice under conditions of restricted and ad libitum food intake.
Function of the Penial Apparatus of Helix Aspersa Müller
Authors: Goddard CK
Published: November 2018

The distribution of the penial nerve in Helix asper8a Milller is described.
Root Nodules on Podocarpus Lawrencei and Their Ecological Significance
Authors: Bergersen FJ , Costin AB
Published: November 2018

Nodulated roots from P. lawrencei growing on a scree on Mt. Ginini, near Canberra, have been shown by the isotopic method to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The importance of this in a plant which is a pioneer of exposed, rocky situations is discussed. Although significant, the amount of nitrogen fixed by the detached nodulated roots wa�s low: this may have been due to the small proportion of nodules with active tissue, but it is also consistent with the slow growth observed for this species. The nodulated roots also evolved hydrogen u.s observed during nitrogen fixation by legume nodules. Anatomical studies of the Podocarpu8 nodules confirmed early accounts of their general structure and mode of development but the symbiont was clearly a non-septate filamentous organism: no intracellular bacteria were observed.
Organization Resistance and The Respiration Climacteric
Authors: M Bain Joan , Mercer FV
Published: November 2018

Electron micrographs showed extensive disorganization of the protoplasts of Williams pear tissue during ripening. These changes in ultrastructure, characterized by vacuolation of the cytoplasm and its inclusions, were correlated with existing data for respiration during ripening of Williams pears.
The Effect of Low Temperature on Phosphate Esterification and Cell Membrane Permeability in Tomato Fruit and Cabbage Leaf Tissue
Authors: Lewis TL , Workman M
Published: November 2018

Exposure to O�C for 4 weeks caused a threefold increase in cell membrnno permeability of mature-green tomato fruits (susceptible to chilling injury) hut had no effect on that of cabbage leaves (not susceptible). While tomato fruits chilled for 12 days lost two-thirds of their capacity to esterify phosphate at 20�0, a steady rise in this capacity occurred during chilling of cabbage leaves for 5 weeks. In tomato fruits the rate of phosphate esterification at the chilling temperature fell in 12 days to about one-half of the rate at the commencement of chilling .. It is suggested that the characteristic symptoms of chilling injury in mature-green tomato fruits, viz. increased susceptibility to fungal attack and loss of the capacity to ripen normally. may result from an energy deficit caused by a chilling. induced reduction in the phosphorylative capacity of the tissue.
Studies on Reduced Wool II. The Identification of Terminal N -Acetylalanine in Wool and Extracted Wool Proteins
Authors: O'donnell IJ , Thompson EOP
Published: November 2018

N-Acetylalanine has been isolated and identified in partial acid hydrolysates of wool and extracted wool proteins. Quantitatively it only accounts for a f{'action of the acetyl groups present in these proteins. Isolation of N-acetylated paptides from enzymic digests of extracted wool proteins is complicated by the large amounts of pyroglutamio acid and pyroglutamyl paptides produced either during the hydrolysis or on subsequent passage through a column of Dowex 50 resin. No N -acetylated peptide could be isolated from either a pronase digest of reduced wool or a partial acid hydrolysate of wool.
Translocation of Labelled Assimilates in The Soybean III. Translocation and Other Factors Affecting Leaf Growth
Authors: Thrower StellAL
Published: November 2018

When a young, expanding leaf of soybean is darkened, translocation into it of labelled assimilate from the leaf below is depressed. The darkened leaf does not grow to full size and abscissas prematurely. The same effect is shown if the young leaf is developing in light but deprived of carbon dioxide. The growth rate of the next younger leaf developing at the apex is markedly increased in both cases.
Quantitative Studies of Root Development I. The Influence of Nutrient Concentration
Authors: May LH , H Chapman Fay , Aspinall D
Published: November 2018

The root growth of barley plants was examined at weekly intervals during the 5 weeks following emergence. The lengths of the separate components of the root system (prima.ry, secondary, tertiary, etc.) were determined, as well as the number of branches and the distances apart of these branches.
Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum L. IX. Some Chemical Changes in the Shoot Apex at Induction
Authors: Rijven AHGC , Evans LT
Published: November 2018

Plants of L. temulentum were induced to flower by exposure to 1 long day. Shoot apices harvested from vegetative plants prior to the long�day exposure (day I) and others harvested on days IV and VI were analysed for length, fresh weight, total and residual (after extraction for solubles and lipids) dry weight, total and residual nitrogen content, residual phosphorus, and RNA and DNA phosphorus content. Cell number per apex was also established for two harvests.
Retention of Water by Plant Cell Walls and Implications for Drought Resistance
Authors: Teoh TS , Aylmore LAG , Quirk JP
Published: November 2018

The water�retaining properties of cell wall materials from the roots of two monocotyledons (Ehrharta calycina Sm. and Triticum vulgare Vill. cv. Gabo) and two dicotyledons (Salicornia australis Banks & Soland and Vicia faba L.) have been studied.
Adsorption Titration as a Specific Semi-Quantitative Assay for Soluble and Bound Paramecium Serotypic Antigen
Authors: Macindoe Helen , Reisner AH
Published: November 2018

The immobilization of paramecia when mixed with appropriate antisera has been utilized as a specific and semi� quantitative assay for the serotypic antigens (adsorption titration). While serotypic antigen in both soluble and particle�bound forms is detected by adsorption titration, only soluble antigen is detected in gel.diffusion analysis. 500 g, 3000 g, 12,000 g, and 105,000 g particulate fractions as well as 105,000 g and 150,000 g cell supernatant fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation. Analyses of these fractions indicate:
Isolation of Dimethyl Diselenide and Other Volatile Selenium Compounds from Astragalus Racemosus (Pursh.)
Authors: S Evans Christine , Asher CJ , Johnson CM
Published: November 2018

Volatile selenium compounds from intact Astragalus racemosus plants and from oven-drying tops or roots of the same species were collected on activated charcoal and fractionated according to solubility in water or diethyl ether.
A Mathematical Model for the Cardiac Action Potential Based on Slow Inactivation of Sodium Conductance
Authors: Munk L , PGeorge E
Published: November 2018

A mathematical model for the action potential in Purkinje fibres is developed. It is based on voltage-clamp results which show that inactivation of sodium current in these muscles is much slower than in squid axon and that the latent rise in potassium conductance is not present. Both the sodium and the potassium conductances are represented as a sum of slow and fast components. This is incorporated in the suitably adjusted Hodgkin-Huxley model for the squid axon. It is shown that such a model can account satisfactorily for the shape of the action potentials in Purkinje fibres.
The Developmental Fate of Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Sieve Element of Pisum
Authors: -Y Zee S
Published: November 2018

The development and the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the sieve element have been studied by many workers (Esau, Cheadle, and Risley 1962; Northcote and Wooding 1966; Cronshaw and Esau 1967; Wooding 1967). From these studies one can see that the ER system plays an important role throughout sieve element development. This report describes the sequence of development of the ER in the sieve element and provides further information on observations already reported (Zee and Chambers 1968).
Sugar and Ion Transport in Isolated Onion Epidermis
Authors: Steinbreecher W , Lüttge U
Published: November 2018

The apparent unidireotional transport of sugars and ions in isolated onion epidermis was shown to be due to the presenoe of a outiole on the outer surfaoe of the epidermis. The outiole probably is partially permeable for ions and impermeable for hexoses. Sugar transport aoross the inner surfaoe of isolated epidermis had a temperature ooeffioient (k20°C/klOoC) of 2·4, the oorresponding activation energy was 14·5 koal/mole, and the permeability coeffioient was approximately 10-8 cm/sec. Sugar transport was not inhibited by oarbonyl oyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, potassium cyanide, or sodium azide.
Sex Dimorphism and Canalization in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Lee GL , Fraser AS
Published: November 2018

Selection to reduce the sex dimorphism of scutellar bristle number associated with the gene scute in D. melanogaster was successful. Although probit analysis indicated that an increase in canalization had been achieved, the selection line was found to be still quite sensitive to temperature. The selection response was found to have no correlated effect in three other mutant genotypes nor in scute+ flies but a slight effect was noted with the gene Scutoid.
Cell Division in Oedogoniu M III. Golgi Bodies, Wall Structure, and Wall Formation in O. Cardiagum
Authors: Pickett-Heaps JD , Fowke LC
Published: November 2018

The structure of the ring in o. cardiacum is described; it is laid down adjacent to
a circumferential weakening in the inner wall layer (present in interphase cells as
well) which predicts precisely the rupture site. In basal daughter cells, this weakening
is derived originally from a discontinuity in the basal lip of the ring itself. Two
types of caps are formed; the classical series of single caps in sequence in apical
daughter cells is matched by the invariable formation in basal daughter cells of a
single large cap, which has added to it one tier per division, the next ring being
formed each time adjacent to this "tiered" cap. The golgi bodies become hypertrophied
early in mitosis (after the ring has been initiated); they remain thus during cell
extension that follows wall rupture. However, once the septum reaches its final
position forming a new cross wall, the golgi bodies in the ba8al daughter cell revert
to the interphase condition, while the golgi bodies in the apical daughter cell remain
hypertrophied during further extension. The cytochemical staining properties
of the cell wall with silver-hexamine are described; peroxidation before staining
induces a reaction in two types of golgi vesicles, and also in a diffuse fibrillar material
in the vacuole, as well as in the cell wall structures. The septum vesicles are essentially
unreactive, but the new cross wall reacts very strongly. The possible relationship
of the golgi apparatus to both cell wall deposition and turgor pressure control is
discussed.
The Phylogeny of the Ribonuclease-Ribonuclease Inhibitor System: Its Distribution in Tissues and its Response During Leukaemogenesis and Aging
Authors: Kraft N , Shortman K
Published: November 2018

Acid RNAase, alkaline RNAase, and alkaline RNAase inhibitor appear to be
widespread in higher animals. The livers of all mammalian species tested including
that ofa monotreme contained inhibitor active against bovine pancreatic RNAase.
Chick liver contained inhibitor active against "activated" chick liver supernatant
RNAase, but not against bovine pancreatic RNAase. The rat liver inhibitor showed
partial activity against chick liver supernatant RNAase.
Studies on Marsupial Proteins III. N-Bromosuccinimide Cleavage of the (?-Chain of Kangaroo Haemoglobin and the Amino Acid Sequence of the N-Terminal Fragment
Authors: Beard JM , Thompson EOP
Published: November 2018

The tryptophan contents of the (X- and ,a-chains of haemoglobin from the grey
kangaroo Macropus giganteUB were determined by N-bromosuccinimide titration to
be 1 and 2 residues respectively. Following cleavage of the tryptophyl bond in the
(X-chain with N-bromosuccinimide in 8M urea solutions at pH 3�5 the N-termina.l
fragment was purified by gel filtration and paper ionophoresis.
Studies on the Aleurone Layer I. Oonventional and Fluorescence Microscopy of the Cell Wall With Emphasis on Phenol-Carbohydrate Complexes in Wheat
Authors: Fulcher RG , O'brien TP , Lee JW
Published: November 2018

In the ungerminated seed, the cell walls of the aleurone layer of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Heron) are strongly autofluorescent and are stained by aniline blue, resorcinol blue, toluidine blue, and the periodic acid-Schiff's reaction. Thin-layer chromatography of acid or alkaline extracts and microspectrofluorimetry indicate that the fluorescent component of the wall is ferulic acid. During germina-tion, the ferulic acid disappears from the aleurone cell wall in a specific pattern and its loss is accompanied by loss of stainable substance except in the innermost layer of the wall. These facts suggest that the aleurone cell wall contains a ferulic acid-carbohydrate complex which renders it relatively resistant to the action of the hydro-lases which digest the endosperm.
Effects of Tetracycline Antibiotics on Plants Affected by Legume Little Leaf Disease
Authors: Bowyer JW , Atherton JG
Published: November 2018

Nicotiana glutino8a, aster, and tomato plants affected by legume little leaf disease were treated by spraying the foliage with 100 ,..,g/ml aqueous solutions of either Achromycin (tetracycline hydrochloride) or Aureomycin (chlortetracycline hydro-chloride), every 2-3 days for periods of 4-8 weeks. Disease symptoms were sup� pressed in the new growth of all plants during the treatment period, but reappeared 2-4 weeks after the last application of antibiotic. Mycoplasma-like bodies were abundant in the phloem sieve tubes of untreated aster, and in aster which redeveloped symptoms after the antibiotic treatment had been discontinued. In contrast, Mycoplasma�like bodies could not be detected by thin� section electron microscopy in symptomless shoots of Achromycin-treated plants immediately after a period of treatment. In concomitant leafhopper transmission tests with the vector Orosius argentatus, the little leaf agent was not recovered from the symptomless treated shoots, but was readily recovered from diseased shoots which developed after termina-tion of the Achromycin treatment.
The Effect of Mineral Nutrient Deficiency on the Content of free Amino Acids in Setaria Sphacelata
Authors: Court RD , Williams WT , Hegarty MP
Published: November 2018

The effects of several single mineral nutrient deficiencies on the free amino acid composition of S. sphacelata, grown in water culture, have been examined. Most deficiencies result in an accumulation of the free amino acids. Severe copper deficiency causes a large increase in the alanine content of the leaf. Nitrogen deficiency causes decreases in almost all amino acids.
Changes in Microsomal Electron Transport of Plant Storage Tissues Induced by Slicing and Aging
Authors: Rungie JM , Wiskich JT
Published: November 2018

Slicing turnip, swede, and beet storage tissues induced 20-100% loss of micro-somal NADH dehydrogenase activities within 10 min. Subsequent washing of the slices resulted in partial recovery of some activities particularly NADH-cytochrome c reductase which reached a maximum after 24 hr aging then again declined. Slicing also induced a 20% decrease in microsomal protein but this loss was recovered after 5-10 hr aging. These induced changes correlated with reported changes in the ultra-structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Stress Metabolism III. Variations in Response to Water Deficit in the Barley Plant
Authors: Singh TN , Paleg IG , Aspinall D
Published: November 2018

Barley plants (cv. Prior) were grown in soil in a controlled environment and subjected to one, two, or three cycles of water stress by witholding water for short periods interspersed with periods of adequate water supply. The water potentials of the leaf tissues during and following these periods of stress were unaffected by the previous stress history of the plants.
The Phenogenetics of a Super-Suppressor in Drosophila Melanogaster II. Suppression and Back-Mutation
Authors: Lee GLG
Published: November 2018

Thirteen X-ray-induced and three spontaneous back-mutations of SCI together with two reversions of y2 were examined in various combinations with the extra-bristle mutant pydV and SU(HW)2. Although SCI and y2 are both able to be suppressed by su(Hw)2 only one SCI reversion showed any response to su(Hw)2.
Effect of Other Amino Acids on Recovery of Tryptophan Following Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Gruen LC
Published: November 2018

The effect of the other commonly occurring amino acids, taken one at a time, on the recovery of tryptophan has been studied by following the conventional hydrochloric acid hydrolysis procedure.
The Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein (Apovitellenin I) From the Low-density Lipoprotein of Emu Egg Yolk
Authors: Dopheide TAA , Inglis AS
Published: November 2018

The amino acid sequence of apovitellenin I from emu (Dromaius novae-hollandiae) egg yolk has been determined. Difficulties were encountered during sequencing, due to a labile Tyr-Val bond, which was hydrolysed readily by trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin. By use of a sequenator, this bond was easily characterized. The protein contains 84 residues and is devoid of half-cystine and histidine. Hydrophobic residues occur in clusters; two very hydrophobic sequences of 12 and 13 residues are present. A very hydrophilic sequence of seven residues contains nearly one-third of all side-chain charges in the molecule; the remainder of the polar residues are scattered throughout the sequence. In a number of instances, residues with opposite charges occur in adjacent positions.
Studies in Testicular Function. I. Quantitative Effects of FSH, LH, Testosterone and Dihydro-testosterone on Restoration and Maintenance of Spermatogenesis in the Hypophysectomized Rat
Authors: Elkington JSH , Blackshaw AW
Published: November 2018

Male Wistar rats were hypophysectomized and the effects on spermatogenesis were quantified by stereological techniques. Restoration of normal spermatogenesis was attempted 32 days after hypo-physectomy by treatment with FSH (designated F), LH (L) or testosterone (T) singly or in combina-tion for a further 32 days. In another experiment, maintenance of spermatogenesis was attempted using FSH (F), testosterone (T) or dihydrotestoterone (D). Treatment began two days after hypo-physectomy and was continued for a further 32 days.
Studies on Ovine Infertility in Agricultural Regions of Western Australia: Plasma Progesterone Levels of Fertile and Infertile Ewes
Authors: Smith JF
Published: November 2018

No differences were observed in the levels or patterns of production of progesterone between fertile ewes and ewes with the 'permanent' type of infertility due to ingestion of phyto-oestrogens.
Interrelationships Between the Thyroid Gland and Adrenal Cortex During Fear, Cold and Restraint in the sheep
Authors: R Falconer Ian
Published: November 2018

To examine the relationship between the functioning of the adrenal and thyroid glands in sheep, plasma cortisol concentration, concentration of protein-bound 1251 from thyroid vein plasma, heart rate and blood pressure were measured in ewes bearing exteriorized thyroid glands. During these measurements stresses were imposed on the animals: fear induced by pistol shots or by a barking dog, cold by cooling and wetting, and physical restraint by a loose harness. Increases in plasma cortisol concentration of 2-6 jlg/lOO ml were observed with each type of stressor, the response rapidly decreasing with habituation of the animal. Increases in the concentration of protein-bound 1251 from thyroid vein plasma were also observed repeatedly during cooling and wetting, occasionally after the introduction of a barking dog, and during continued restraint. Cooling and wetting was the only stress causing consistent parallel activation of the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland; the other stressors resulted in independent fluctuations of secretions, as indicated by plasma cortisol concentration and concentration of protein-bound 1251 from thyroid vein plasma. No reciprocal relationship between thyroid gland and adrenal cortex activity was detected.
Studies on Metatherian Sex Chromosomes III. The Use of Tritiated Uridine-induced Chromosome Aberrations to Distinguish Active and Inactive X Chromosomes
Authors: A Donald Jennifer , Cooper DW
Published: November 2018

The paternal X inactivation system of kangaroos has been investigated in this study by using tritiated uridine-induced chromosome aberrations to distinguish the active from the inactive X. Previous work in eutherian mammals has demonstrated that constitutive heterochromatic chromosome regions are less susceptible to breakage by tritiated uri dine than euchromatic regions. The results of a comparison between the paternal X chromosome of a wallaroo x red kangaroo hybrid female and the two X chromosomes of a red kangaroo female suggested that the facultative heterochromatin of the X is also less susceptible to breakage by this treatment. However there were significantly more breaks of the paternal X in fibroblasts than in lymphocytes of the hybrid female, which agrees with biochemical findings suggesting activation of the paternal X in fibroblasts. Our results strengthen the suggestion of other workers that the reduced number of aberrations in heterochromatin occurs because such breaks occur principally when the DNA and labelled RNA are in apposition during transcription. Some evidence was found of an apparent toxicity effect of the tritiated uridine solution on the cells.
Heterozygosity of the Sheep: Polymorphism of ?Malic Enzyme?, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP+), Catalase and Esterase
Authors: Ann Baker CM , Manwell Clyde
Published: November 2018

In contrast to other reports, it is found that the sheep has approximately as much enzyme variation as man.
Cutaneous Hyperaemia Elicited by Larvae of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Micro Plus
Authors: Hales JRS , Schleger AV , Kemp DH , Fawcett AA
Published: November 2018

The responses of skin capillary blood flow (BF) to infestation by larvae of B. micro plus have been determined using radioactive microspheres. Larvae were placed in gauze-covered rings glued to the closely clipped skin. In pilot experiments on three Brahman-cross calves which had prior exposure to ticks, BF measurements at intervals up to 25 h post-infestation revealed a continuing increase. 'High' rates of infestation (5000 larvae per ring) elicited up to an 80-fold increase in BF. In four Australian Illawarra Shorthorn (AIS) calves with prior exposure to ticks, BF had increased by 0�5 h post-infestation, it reached a peak at 24 h, and fell markedly by 48 and 72 h. In contrast, two AIS calves without prior tick exposure showed no significant increase in BF until 24 h and this increase continued until observations were terminated at 72 h. BF in the neck area (normally favoured by ticks) increased most in calves of highest resistance to ticks, but the flank area (normally unfavoured) showed no consistent difference in BF response between animals of different tick resistance.
Extractives of Fungi. VI Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Lipids of Trametes Lilacino-Gilva (Berk.) Lloyd
Authors: Christopher RK , Duffield AM , Ralph J , JH Simes J
Published: November 2018

The lipid constituents of T. lilacino-gilva were examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography?mass spectrometry.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster: Aspects of Alcohol and Temperature Variation in the Larval Environment
Authors: W McKechnie Stephen , Morgan Phillip
Published: November 2018

Some natural habitats of D. melanogaster larvae were examined for short-chain alcohols by gas-liquid chromatography. All habitats contained a mixture of such alcohols, although ethanol predominated and was found at concentrations ranging from 0�02 to 4�0% (v/v). Normal propanol, propan-2-01, n-butanol and methanol were nearly always present. Larval-to-adult survival was determined at three temperatures on laboratory media supplemented with alcohol mixtures similar to those found in nature, and using strains which differed in alcohol dehydrogenase genotype.
Differences between Serum and Plasma Ceruloplasmin Activities and Copper Concentrations: Investigation of Possible Contributing Factors
Authors: I Paynter David
Published: November 2018

Values for ceruloplasmin activities and copper concentrations were found to be lower in serum than in paired samples of plasma in both sheep and cattle. Ceruloplasmin activities in serum were 13-40 % lower relative to plasma for nine different groups of animals, and 10-65 % lower for individual animals (n = 112). As the values are not directly interchangeable, plasma rather than serum should be used when estimating copper nutrition in these animals. Maximum effects in serum were apparent 3-4 h after collection, the earliest time at which serum could be obtained. Lower ceruloplasmin and copper values in serum could not be attributed to the type of blood collection vessel . used, subsequent storage of samples, the methods used for measuring ceruloplasmin activities and copper concentrations, the formation of fibrin in blood, or to the effects of dietary molybdenum. In contrast, the addition of neuraminidase to whole blood before clotting decreased the differences between serum and plasma ceruloplasmin activity and copper concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Of the two major copper-containing enzymes present in blood, effects of clotting were only evident with ceruloplasmin. Cu-Zn-containing superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes was unaffected by clot formation. The results indicate that ceruloplasmin and the copper associated with this protein are sequestered into the clot during clot formation by attachment of the enzyme to the blood cellular fraction. The minimizing of this effect by the addition of neuraminidase suggests that this attachment may be through sialic acid residues.
Inheritance of Resistance to Chlorpyrifos in the Mt Alford Strain and to Diazinon in the Gracemere Strain of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus micro plus)
Authors: Stone BF , Youlton NJ
Published: November 2018

Reciprocal crossing of the Mt Alford (A) strain of the cattle tick B .. micro pius with a susceptible (8) strain and phenotype analysis of F 1, testcross and F 2 progeny showed that high chlorpyrifos resistance in strain A was due to two genes that were complementary and jointly exhibited incomplete dominance. Diazinon resistance in the Gracemere (G) strain appeared to be similarly inherited. The 'average' degree of dominance ('average dominance', D ?? ) of high chlorpyrifos resistance over susceptibility, exhibited by F 1 hybrids from A x 8 reciprocal crossings, was + 0�54 on a -1 to + 1 scale and was not significantly different from the parametric value of + O' 5 (semi-dominance). The corresponding D ?? values revealed by G x 8 crossings were + 0�42 for diazinon resistance (significantly less than +0'5) and -0,031 for chlorpyrifos resistance (not significantly different from zero and therefore exhibiting zero dominance/recessivity). Resistance factors for chlorpyrifos in strains A and G forhomozygotes were 74 and 35, respectively, and for F1 hybrids were 25-29 and 5-7, respectively. The resistance factors for diazinon in strain G for homozygotes and F1 hybrids were 174 and 37-41, respectively.
Review of Experimental Studies on the Functional Development of the Respiratory System in the Foetal Lamb
Authors: Maloney JE
Published: November 2018

In the foetus, as in the adult, the behavioural state of the central nervous system plays a very significant role in the modulation of respiratory activity. Breathing at birth represents the continuation of a process that commences early in life in utero and develops as gestation proceeds. The profile of classical afferent respiratory input to the foetus in utero is significantly different to that of the new born, with a reduction in total neural traffic and a smaller phasic variation. The foetus, however, phasically contracts its diaphragm which, as gestation proceeds, is patterned into distinct 'on and off' periods. Breathing of the foetus occurs during rapid eye movement sleep, analogous to that in the adult, and continues following somatic stimulation. This behavioural state is reduced during foetal hypoxia and foetal respiration is simultaneously depressed. At birth there is an increase in both somatosensory neural input and phasic variation and the new born breathes in all behavioural states, the stability of which varies cyclically with a period similar to that seen before birth.
Fertility of Fresh and Frozen -Thawed Semen of the Angora Goat
Authors: Ritar AJ , Salamon S
Published: November 2018

In six experiments, involving a total of 954 does, fresh and frozen-thawed semen processed in a Tris-based diluent was used for artificial insemination,