bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El sihkrutara, en la narrativa y en la memoria del pueblo Miskitu
Authors: Paiz Malespín Gretta
Published: February 2017

El sihkrutara evoca la manera que tiene el pueblo miskitu en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua y en el marco de su cultura milenaria en revitalizar y re-significar su pasado, asumirlo, promoverlo, contarlo y transmitirlo de una generación a otra. Con esta mirada, sihkrutara, es un relato analizado a la luz de la perspectiva planteada por Maurice Halbwachs, cuyo principal argumento consiste en que no existe memoria que no sea social.Desde la postura de Halbwachs, sihkrutara representa ese relato que los ancianos y la comunidad entera no quieren olvidar y lo mantienen vivo en los recuerdos, es una de esas narraciones en las cuales no se discute autenticidad, se conoce porque el pueblo miskitu mismo lo construye, lo reconstruye, lo rememora y lo comparte para que pueda ser comprendido y no quede en el olvido. A partir de una metodología de análisis textual y narrativo, este trabajo presenta las señales que entrega el relato del sihkrutara, en la manera que tiene el pueblo miskitu por recordar a sus muertos y por preservar una memoria ligada a procesos sociales, culturales, colectivos desde el entretejido de la verdadera historia.SummaryThe sihkrutara evokes the way the Miskitu people on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua revitalize and redefine their past in the framework of their ancient culture, as they assume it, promote it, share it and transmit it from one generation to another. With this look, sihkrutara is a story that is analyzed based on the perspective proposed by Maurice Halbwachs, whose main argument is that there is no memory other than social. The position of Halbwachs is that sihkrutara represents the story that elders and the entire community do not want to forget and thus, keep it alive in their memories; it is one of those stories in which no authenticity is discussed, it is known because the Miskitu people themselves builds it, reconstructs it, remembers it and shares it so that it can be understood and not be forgotten.Beginning with a methodology of textual and narrative analysis, this paper presents the signals carried out by the sihkrutara story, in the way that the Miskitu people remembers their dead and preserve a memory linked to social, cultural and collective processes from the interweaving of the real story.
Reformismo y proscripción durante el gobierno de Julio Rivera El Salvador 1962-1964
Authors: Monterrosa Cubías Gerardo
Published: February 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revistas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 136, 2013: 329-368
Desarrollo rural en El Salvador: una deuda política y social
Authors: Quintanilla Trigueros Jorge Luis
Published: February 2017

Este documento recoge una breve investigación sobre el desarrollo rural en El Salvador a partir de algunas políticas implementadas, y de la manera cómo en Cáritas, El Salvador, Diócesis de Santa Ana, se ha abordado esta temática. Se ofrecen aportes a efecto que coadyuven en lograr cambiar estos modelos neoliberales que tanto daño han hecho y siguen haciendo.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.137, 2013: 499-510
Evaluación de la moneda alternativa como un medio que posibilita la economía solidaria: el caso de Suchitoto
Authors: García Hernández Eduardo , Escoto de Chávez Karla Beatriz , Bustamante Estrada Rolando , Turcios Reyes Elmer Andrés
Published: February 2017

La economía solidaria es una postura que busca incluir a las personas en contraposición a la teoría capitalista. La moneda alternativa es una herramienta utilizada para fomentar la cohesión y la simbiosis social (requerimientos para una economía solidaria). La presente investigación trata de evaluar el impacto que tiene la moneda alternativa en las concepciones y valores solidarios de las personas, tomando como caso de estudio el municipio de Suchitoto, la Red Xuchit Tutut (RXT) y su moneda alternativa: Unidad de Intercambio Solidario Suchitotense (UDIS). El enfoque utilizado es un análisis de segmentos, tomando como grupo de estudio a miembros de la RXT y Grupo Control a Otros Productores. Los resultados muestran heterogeneidad entre personas con alta de noción de solidaridad y alto uso de la moneda alternativa. La afiliación a una red de productores solidarios o el uso de la moneda alternativa no son influyentes o necesarios para que las personas posean nociones de solidaridad.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.137, 2013: 461-482
El Rebelde y Estrella Roja, publicaciones de las FPL en la década de 1970
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 138, 2013: 633-671
Una comparación entre los idearios políticos fundacionales de ARENA y el FMLN
Authors: Hernández Carlos Mauricio
Published: February 2017

En este breve recorrido por los estatutos y los principios ideológicos de ARENA y el FMLN, dos de los principales partidos políticos de El Salvador en los últimos años, se pretende hacer una comparación de las ideas funcionales de cada uno, con el fin de demostrar las diferencias y coincidencias entre ellos a nivel de ideología para mover a la reflexión ciudadana sobre la incoherencia de ambos partidos con sus ideales mismos. Esto puede ayudar a entender por qué a pesar de llevar ya varios años en dirección del Estado, los graves problemas que aquejan la sociedad salvadoreña siguen esperando soluciones de raíz.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 138, 2013: 673-697
Justification of Wold’s Theorem and the Unbiasedness of a Stable Vector Autoregressive Time Series Model Forecasts
Authors: Iwok Iberedem A.
Published: February 2017

In this work, the multivariate analogue to the univariate Wold’s theorem for a purely non-deterministic stable vector time series process was presented and justified using the method of undetermined coefficients. By this method, a finite vector autoregressive process of order  [] was represented as an infinite vector moving average () process which was found to be the same as the Wold’s representation. Thus, obtaining the properties of a  process is equivalent to obtaining the properties of an infinite  process. The proof of the unbiasedness of forecasts followed immediately based on the fact that a stable VAR process can be represented as an infinite VEMA process.
Ratio Type Estimation Using the Knowledge of the Auxiliary Variable for Ranking and Estimating
Authors: Bouza Carlos N. , Al-Omari Amer Ibrahim , Santiago Agustín , Sautto Jose M.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the behavior of ranked set sampling is analyzed considering the knowledge of the auxiliary variable. The suggested estimators are compared with their simple random sampling counterparts. A numerical study is developed using data from a study developed on the contamination due to burning compost from solid waste from hospitals.
Modeling Conditional Dependence of Stock Returns Using a Copula-based GARCH Model
Authors: Lee Eun-Joo , Klumpe Noah , Vlk Jonathan , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: February 2017

Investigating dependence structures of stocks that are related to one another should be an important consideration in managing a stock portfolio, among other investment strategies. To capture various dependence features, we employ copula to overcome the limitations of traditional linear correlations. Financial time series data is typically characterized by volatility clustering of returns that influences an estimate of a stock’s future price. To deal with the volatility and dependence of stock returns, this paper provides procedures of combining a copula with a GARCH model which leads to the construction of a multivariate distribution. Using the copula-based GARCH approach that describes the tail dependences of stock returns, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to predict a company’s movements in the stock market. The procedures are illustrated in two technology stocks, Apple and Samsung.
Evaluating the Influence of Taxi Subsidy Programs on Mitigating Difficulty Getting a Taxi in Basis of Taxi Empty-loaded Rate
Authors: Wen Jialin , Zou Min , Ma Yikai , Luo Hao
Published: February 2017

With the advent of the “Internet plus” era, a number of companies have established the service platform of taxi-hailing apps relying on the mobile Internet, which builds up a communication bridge between passengers and taxi drivers. Besides, taxi companies have initiated many subsidy programs. Based on the prediction model of passenger waiting time built in this paper, it has been proved thatthere exists a negative correlation between passenger waiting time and taxi empty-loaded rate. This paper also analyzes the influencing factors of taxi empty-loaded rate. The results show that the higher the taxi sharing rate is, the lower the taxi empty-loaded rate is. And the longer the average operation time is, the higher the taxi empty-loaded rate is. By comparing various taxi subsidy programs, this paper finally draws a conclusion that it will be much more difficult to take a taxi if taxi companies provide subsidies for passengers. But the difficulty in taking a taxi can be alleviated if taxi companies provide subsidies for taxi drivers.
Bespreking van: S.B. Nielsen, R. Turksema & P. van der Knaap (Eds.), Success in evaluation: Focusing on the positives, New Brunswick/London: Transaction Publishers 2015
Authors: Klein Haarhuis Carolien
Published: February 2017

De positieve benadering van evaluatie in relatie tot het bereiken van succes is een frisse wind. Het wordt inderdaad tijd dat evaluatoren gebruikers meer helpen en stimuleren om van (beleids)ervaringen te leren. En: dat geëvalueerden zich daarvoor vanaf het begin openstellen. Aandachtspunt is wel dat de evaluator daarbij zijn of haar waardevolle kritische (kennis)blik niet verliest.
Дидактички метод ̶ изучавање дигиталних метода пројектовања и реализација пројекта мале размјере
Authors: Ставрић Милена , Илић Маја , Стокић Драгана
Published: February 2017

У овом раду биће представљен концепт и резултати постигнути на предмету Визуализација и моделовање 2 на Архитектонско‐грађевинском факултету у Бањалуци. Циљеви овог предмета јесу да се студенти упознају са дигиталним и аналогним методама дизајна, визуализације и дигиталне фабрикације. С обзиром на комплексност циљева предмета, дидактички приступ заснован је на интензивном петодневном раду са студентима који се одвија у оквиру радионице. Радионице које су до сада одржане имале су различите теме пројектних задатака прилагођене по свом обиму тако да се цјелокупни процес од пројектовања до реализације може остварити у оквиру петодневног интензивног рада са студентима.
Proračun šljunčanih šipova za poboljšanje svojstava tla, a na osnovu rezultata SPT-otpita
Authors: Kojić Danica , Uljarević Mato
Published: February 2017

Izrada šljunčanih šipova je jedna od metoda poboljšanja svojstava odnosno povećanja gustine tla. Njome se lako može izbjeći skupa zamjena materijala, pogotovo kada su u pitanju velike dimenzije objekata. Šljunčani šipovi smanjuju opasnost od likvefakcije, što je za trusna područja kao što je Banja Luka od velikog značaja. Potrebno je izraditi proračunski model kojim će se na osnovu parametara prirodnog i poboljšanog tla (iz SPT‐opita) definisati količina materijala (šljunka) za poboljšanje. Ta količina šljunkabiće ugrađena tehnikom nabijanja u obliku šipova određenih dimenzija i rastojanja. Upravo to je u radu i prikazano.
Технологије производње агрегата рециклирањем бетона
Authors: Броћета Гордана , Малешев Мирјана , Радоњанин Властимир
Published: February 2017

Савремени трендови у градитељству, који подразумијевају очување природне средине у смислу правилног располагања природним ресурсима, намећу рециклажу експлоатисаних материјала као могућност одрживог рјешења. У раду су анализирани технолошки поступци и материјални ресурси процеса производње агрегата од отпадног бетона, као и адекватност њихове примјене према захтјевима у погледу квалитета производа. Према тренутном стању у привреди, показује се да конвенционални начини рециклирања бетона у мобилним или стационарним постројењима омогућавају добијање агрегата вишеструке функционалности – за израду подлога за путеве, насипа, разних врста испуна, али и за справљање нових бетонских мјешавина, док напредне технологије рециклирања, које омогућавају добијање агрегата квалитета еквивалентног природном, подразумијевају веће утрошке енергије, чиме се доводи у питање њихова еколошка и економска исплативост. Поред агрегата, наводи се и могућност примјене минералног праха, као продукта предметне технологије.
Spatiotemporal correlation of spinal network dynamics underlying spasms in chronic spinalized mice
Authors: Bellardita Carmelo , Caggiano Vittorio , Leiras Roberto , Caldeira Vanessa , Fuchs Andrea , Bouvier Julien , Löw Peter , Kiehn Ole
Published: February 2017

Spasms after spinal cord injury (SCI) are debilitating involuntary muscle contractions that have been associated with increased motor neuron excitability and decreased inhibition. However, whether spasms involve activation of premotor spinal excitatory neuronal circuits is unknown. Here we use mouse genetics, electrophysiology, imaging and optogenetics to directly target major classes of spinal interneurons as well as motor neurons during spasms in a mouse model of chronic SCI. We find that assemblies of excitatory spinal interneurons are recruited by sensory input into functional circuits to generate persistent neural activity, which interacts with both the graded expression of plateau potentials in motor neurons to generate spasms, and inhibitory interneurons to curtail them. Our study reveals hitherto unrecognized neuronal mechanisms for the generation of persistent neural activity under pathophysiological conditions, opening up new targets for treatment of muscle spasms after SCI.
Finding melanoma drugs through a probabilistic knowledge graph
Authors: McCusker Jamie Patricia , Dumontier Michel , Yan Rui , He Sylvia , Dordick Jonathan S. , McGuinness Deborah L.
Published: February 2017

Metastatic cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with some progression-slowing treatments but no known cure. The omics data explosion has created many possible drug candidates; however, filtering criteria remain challenging, and systems biology approaches have become fragmented with many disconnected databases. Using drug, protein and disease interactions, we built an evidence-weighted knowledge graph of integrated interactions. Our knowledge graph-based system, ReDrugS, can be used via an application programming interface or web interface, and has generated 25 high-quality melanoma drug candidates. We show that probabilistic analysis of systems biology graphs increases drug candidate quality compared to non-probabilistic methods. Four of the 25 candidates are novel therapies, three of which have been tested with other cancers. All other candidates have current or completed clinical trials, or have been studied in in vivo or in vitro. This approach can be used to identify candidate therapies for use in research or personalized medicine.
Better Long-Term Prognosis: Comparison Between Surgery and TACE as Initial Treatment for Operable Huge HCCs (≥10 cm) After More Than 5 Years of Follow Up
Authors: Chen Jian-Han , Wei Chang-Kuo , Lee Cheng-Hung , Chang Chun-Ming , Yin Wen-Yao
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to research the long-term survival difference between surgery and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for operatable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≥10 cm. Little data are available comparing surgical resection with nonsurgical treatment in the management of very large HCCs (≥10 cm). We proposed to directly compare patients' 5-year survival rates after surgical resection or TACE of these tumors. Between January 2004 and June 2009, 16 patients with HCCs ≥ 10 cm underwent hepatic resection, and 9 received TACE. The patients were followed for 5 years or longer. The median follow-up period was 55.6 months. The median survival time was significantly longer in the resection group than in the TACE group (30.2 versus 9.33 months; P = 0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for patients in the resection group also were significantly better than for patients in the TACE group (operative group: 57.8%, 36.1%, and 28.9%, TACE group: 33.3%, 11.1%, and 0%, respectively). Surgical resection as initial treatment for resectable HCCs ≥10 cm has a better long-term survival outcome than does TACE.
Comparison of fragment removal versus internal fixation for treatment of Pipkin I femoral head fractures: A finite element analysis
Authors: Dong Dong , Li Yingnan , Zhu Dong , Yu Mingyang , Gu Guishan
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Fragment removal and internal fixation are the principle treatments for Pipkin type I femoral head fractures. The aim of this study was to compare, using a finite-element method, changes in stress on the femoral head after two different operation types. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite-element model of a Pipkin type I femoral head fracture was generated with MIMICS and ABAQUS software. A three-dimensional numerical screw model was reconstructed based on data from BIOFIX and using SOLIDWORKS software. The screw was implanted in the fragment and femoral head to reconstruct the implantation. Stress changes on the femoral head after removal of the fragment and internal fixation were investigated. Results: Mean stresses along 13 points were 16.94 Ã?Â± 16.79 MPa in the fragment removal group and 14.17 Ã?Â± 14.08 MPa in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). Random tests indicated that the mean stresses along 50 randomly determined points were 25.41 Ã?Â± 12.12 MPa in the fragment removal group and 19.45 Ã?Â± 14.62 MPa in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to internal fixation, fragment removal led to greater stress that was more concentrated in the femoral head. This finding may help surgeons in choosing an appropriate treatment from a biomechanical perspective.
Electrosynthesized Ni-Al Layered Double Hydroxide-Pt Nanoparticles as an Inorganic Nanocomposite and Potentate Anodic Material for Methanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Habibi Biuck , Ghaderi Serveh
Published: February 2017

In this study, Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH)-Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) as an inorganic nano-composite was electrosynthesized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a facile and fast two-step electrochemical process. Structure and physicochemical properties of PtNPs/Ni-Al LDH/GCE were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electrochemical methods. Then, electrocatalytic and stability characterizations of the PtNPs/Ni-Al LDH/GCE for methanol oxidation in alkaline media were investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry measurements. PtNPs/Ni-Al LDH/GCE exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity than PtNPs/GCE and Ni-Al LDH/GCE. Also, the resulted chronoam-perograms indicated that the PtNPs/Ni-Al LDH/GCE has a better stability.
Characterization and Application of Aluminum Dross as Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Kamil Faten Hameed , Salmiaton Ali , Raja Shahruzzaman Raja Mohamad Hafriz , Omar R. , Alsultsan Abdulkareem Ghassan
Published: February 2017

Aluminium dross, a waste material produced by dissolution of aluminum scrap, was characterized physically and chemically by various analysis techniques for a potential to be used as catalyst. Using catalyst from waste materials reduced the cost for synthesizing of new catalyst. An efficient catalyst derived from industrial solid waste was modified by acid washing for using in a pyrolysis of waste cooking oil. The modification of aluminum dross resulted in increased surface area (from 0.96 to 68.24 m2/g), acidity (from 315 to 748 µmol/g) and thermal stability. Pyrolysis waste cooking oil was used to test the performance of aluminum dross as catalyst before and after modification. The product analysis showed a better result than the unmodified material based on increased yield of bio-oil and improved selectivity.
Altered lysosome distribution is an early neuropathological event in neurological forms of Gaucher disease
Authors: Zigdon Hila , Meshcheriakova Anna , Farfel‐Becker Tamar , Volpert Giora , Sabanay Helena , Futerman Anthony H.
Published: February 2017

In the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), glucosylceramide (GlcCer) accumulates due to the defective activity of glucocerebrosidase. A subset of GD patients develops neuropathology. We now show mislocalization of Limp2‐positive puncta and a large reduction in the number of Lamp1‐positive puncta, which are associated with impaired tubulin. These changes occur at an early stage in animal models of GD, prior to development of overt symptoms and considerably earlier than neuronal loss. Altered lysosomal localization and cytoskeleton disruption precede the neuroinflammatory pathways, axonal dystrophy and neuronal loss previously characterized in neuronal forms of GD.
Three‐dimensional resistivity structure in Ishikari Lowland, Hokkaido, northeastern Japan—Implications to strain concentration mechanism
Authors: Yamaya Yusuke , Mogi Toru , Honda Ryo , Hase Hideaki , Hashimoto Takeshi , Uyeshima Makoto
Published: February 2017

The Ishikari Lowland on the island of Hokkaido in northeastern Japan is situated at the end of a westward‐moving foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt from the Hidaka collision zone, where the northeastern Japan and Kurile arcs meet. This activity forms a tectonic zone under an east‐west compression field in this region. A magnetotelluric resistivity survey was performed to investigate the mechanism for the strain concentration in this region. A three‐dimensional (3‐D) resistivity inversion showed a conductive thick sedimentary layer and an underlying resistive basement. Remarkable conductors were found in the resistive basement beneath the Ishikari‐teichi‐toen fault zone (ITFZ) and the Shikotsu caldera. The conductors beneath the ITFZ were interpreted as aqueous fluids that accumulated in the damaged zone in connection with the formation of pull‐apart faults and horst. In contrast, the conductor beneath the Shikotsu caldera corresponds to a magmatic fluid path from the upper mantle. These features suggest that the ductile deformation in the upper crust contribute to the strain concentration in this region. The soft thick sediments allow ductile deformations to occur. Furthermore, local fluid‐rich zones in the basement cause the crustal strength to be heterogeneous. These thick sediments and local fluids in the basement both contribute to the strain concentration in this region.
An on‐site alert level early warning system for Italy
Authors: Caruso A. , Colombelli S. , Elia L. , Picozzi M. , Zollo A.
Published: February 2017

An earthquake early warning (EEW) system is a real‐time seismic monitoring infrastructure that has the capability to provide warnings to target cities before the arrival of the strongest shaking waves. In order to provide a rapid alert when targets are very close to the epicenter of the events, we developed an on‐site EEW approach and evaluated its performance at the Italian national scale. The system is a P wave‐based method that measures in real time two parameters: the initial peak displacement (Pd) and the average period (τc). As output, the system provides the predicted ground‐shaking intensity at the monitored site, the alert level, and a qualitative classification of both earthquake magnitude and source‐to‐receiver distance. We applied the on‐site EEW methodology to a data set of Italian earthquakes, with magnitude ranging from 3.8 to 6, and evaluated the performance of the system in terms of correct warning and lead times (i.e., time available for security actions at the target). The results of this retrospective analysis show that for the large majority of the analyzed cases, the method is able to deliver a correct warning shortly after the P wave detection, with more than 80% of successful intensity predictions at the target site. The lead times increase with distance, with a value of 8–10 s at 50 km and 15–18 s at 100 km.
September Arctic sea ice extent indicated by June reflected solar radiation
Authors: Zhan Yizhe , Davies Roger
Published: February 2017

The predictability of the minimum sea ice extent (SIE) in the Arctic in September, especially for large anomaly years, is of strong current interest, given the rapid decline in sea ice amount. Our results show that June reflected solar radiation (RSR) is closely related to the underlying sea ice condition in that month and can be used to achieve September SIE predictions with good accuracy. The correlation coefficient between detrended June RSR and September SIE reaches 0.91 based on 16 year satellite observations, and the relatively high forecast skill using Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 reanalysis data is similar to or better than other complex prediction models. The results confirm the particular importance of the early summer sea ice state and help to explain the abrupt declines of September SIE in the 21st century (2007 and 2012).
Efficient and Flexible Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells on Nanotextured Polymer Substrate Using Sol–gel Based Nanoimprinting Method
Authors: Zhang Chi , Song Ye , Wang Min , Yin Min , Zhu Xufei , Tian Li , Wang Hui , Chen Xiaoyuan , Fan Zhiyong , Lu Linfeng , Li Dongdong
Published: February 2017

The mechanical flexibility of substrates and controllable nanostructures are two major considerations in designing high‐performance, flexible thin‐film solar cells. In this work, we proposed an approach to realize highly ordered metal oxide nanopatterns on polyimide (PI) substrate based on the sol‐gel chemistry and soft thermal nanoimprinting lithography. Thin‐film amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) solar cells were subsequently constructed on the patterned PI flexible substrates. The periodic nanopatterns delivered broadband‐enhanced light absorption and quantum efficiency, as well as the eventual power conversion efficiency (PCE). The nanotextures also benefit for the device yield and mechanical flexibility, which experienced little efficiency drop even after 100,000 bending cycles. In addition, flexible, transparent nanocone films, obtained by a template process, were attached onto the patterned PI solar cells, serving as top anti‐reflection layers. The PCE performance with these dual‐interfacial patterns rose up to 8.17%, that is, it improved by 48.5% over the planar device. Although the work was conducted on a‐Si:H material, our proposed scheme can be extended to a variety of active materials for different optoelectronic applications.
2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films for Flexible UV–Visible Photodetectors
Authors: Velusamy Dhinesh Babu , Haque Md. Azimul , Parida Manas R. , Zhang Fan , Wu Tom , Mohammed Omar F. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: February 2017

Flexible 2D inorganic MoS2 and organic g‐C3N4 hybrid thin film photodetectors with tunable composition and photodetection properties are developed using simple solution processing. The hybrid films fabricated on paper substrate show broadband photodetection suitable for both UV and visible light with good responsivity, detectivity, and reliable and rapid photoswitching characteristics comparable to monolayer devices. This excellent performance is retained even after the films are severely deformed at a bending radius of ≈2 mm for hundreds of cycles. The detailed charge transfer and separation processes at the interface between the 2D materials in the hybrid films are confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with broadband capability.
Influence of grafting content on the properties of cured natural rubber grafted with PMMAs using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent
Authors: Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Yung‐Aoon Wanida , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Thitithammawong Anoma , Nakason Charoen , Johns Jobish
Published: February 2017

In this work, we present an easy way to vulcanize natural rubber using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. The effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grafting along with cross‐linking of natural rubber on the mechanical, thermal, and oil resistance properties was studied. The main objective of this work was to improve the properties of cured natural rubber (NR) based on glutaraldehyde (GA) as a curing agent by using modified NR. Cured NR‐g‐PMMA with different grafting levels were studied systematically and compared with cured natural rubber. A remarkable improvement in the properties of natural rubber was obtained by grafting PMMA. Higher tensile strength without much reduction in elongation at break can be achieved by curing NR‐g‐PMMA with glutaraldehyde. The natural rubber grafted with PMMA and subsequently cured with glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent was found to be a useful technique for improving the properties of natural rubber products.
Illumination‐Induced Hole Doping for Performance Improvement of Graphene/n‐Silicon Solar Cells with P3HT Interlayer
Authors: Xu Dikai , He Jian , Yu Xuegong , Gao Dace , Ma Lingling , Mu Xinhui , Zhong Mengyao , Xu Yang , Ye Jichun , Xu Mingsheng , Yang Deren
Published: February 2017

Graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) solar cells have triggered considerable interest for their potential in low‐cost and high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications. However, the performance of Gr/Si solar cells is still limited by poor Gr conductivity and carrier recombination at the interface. In this study, a solution‐processable poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) thin film is employed as a carrier selective interlayer in the graphene and n‐type Si solar cells, which can increase the work function and conductivity of the Gr due to photoinduced p‐type doping under light illumination. Consequently, the Schottky barrier height of the solar cells is enhanced, whereas the carrier recombination at the interface is suppressed. The utilization of antireflection and additional chemical doping at the other side of the Gr layer further improves the performance of the solar cells, which shows a power conversion efficiency of 12.95% with high stability. This study paves a new venue for the development of Gr/Si solar cells toward real applications.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, classical type
Authors: Bowen Jessica M. , Sobey Glenda J. , Burrows Nigel P. , Colombi Marina , Lavallee Mark E. , Malfait Fransiska , Francomano Clair A.
Published: February 2017

Classical EDS is a heritable disorder of connective tissue. Patients are affected with joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibilty, and skin fragility leading to atrophic scarring and significant bruising. These clinical features suggest consideration of the diagnosis which then needs to be confirmed, preferably by genetic testing. The most recent criteria for the diagnosis of EDS were devised in Villefranche in 1997. [Beighton et al. (1998); Am J Med Genet 77:31‐37]. The aims set out in the Villefranche Criteria were: to enable diagnostic uniformity for clinical and research purposes, to understand the natural history of each subtype of EDS, to inform management and genetic counselling, and to identify potential areas of research. The authors recognized that the criteria would need updating, but viewed the Villefranche nosology as a good starting point. Since 1997, there have been major advances in the molecular understanding of classical EDS. Previous question marks over genetic heterogeneity have been largely surpassed by evidence that abnormalities in type V collagen are the cause. Advances in molecular testing have made it possible to identify the causative mutation in the majority of patients. This has aided the further clarification of this diagnosis. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge and highlight areas for future research. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Substrate‐Directed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines Using an A3‐Coupling Strategy: An Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐Epiquinamides
Authors: Ajay Sama , Saidhareddy Puli , Shaw Arun K.
Published: February 2017

A copper‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective multicomponent reaction (MCR) of α‐amino aldehydes, dibenzylamine and various alkynes leading to propargyl syn 1,2‐diamines has been established. The methodology has been further supported by the total synthesis of (+)‐ and (−)‐epiquinamides from A3‐coupled adducts derived from l‐ and d‐pipecolic acids, respectively, in overall yields of 31 %.
Impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on the activity budget, ranging ecology and habitat use of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in the southern Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu , Fashing Peter J. , Bekele Afework , Hernandez‐Aguilar R. Adriana , Rueness Eli K. , Nguyen Nga , Stenseth Nils Chr.
Published: February 2017

Understanding the extent to which primates in forest fragments can adjust behaviorally and ecologically to changes caused by deforestation is essential to designing conservation management plans. During a 12‐month period, we studied the effects of habitat loss and degradation on the Ethiopian endemic, bamboo specialist, Bale monkey (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) by comparing its habitat quality, activity budget, ranging ecology and habitat use in continuous forest and two fragments. We found that habitat loss and fragmentation resulted in major differences in vegetation composition and structure between forest types. We also found that Bale monkeys in continuous forest spent more time feeding and traveling and less time resting and socializing than monkeys in fragments. Bale monkeys in continuous forest also had higher movement rates (m/hr) than monkeys in fragments. Bale monkeys in continuous forest used exclusively bamboo and mixed bamboo forest habitats while conspecifics in fragments used a greater variety of habitats including human use areas (i.e., matrix). Our findings suggest that Bale monkeys in fragments use an energy minimization strategy to cope with the lower availability of the species' primary food species, bamboo (Arundinaria alpina). We contend that Bale monkeys may retain some of the ancestral ecological flexibility assumed to be characteristic of the genus Chlorocebus, within which all extant species except Bale monkeys are regarded as ecological generalists. Our results suggest that, like other bamboo eating primates (e.g., the bamboo lemurs of Madagascar), Bale monkeys can cope with a certain threshold of habitat destruction. However, the long‐term conservation prospects for Bale monkeys in fragments remain unclear and will require further monitoring to be properly evaluated.
Sulfur‐Rich Phosphorus Sulfide Molecules for Use in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Lu Yue , Hou Zhiguo , Cheng Qiushi , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: February 2017

A new family of sulfur‐rich phosphorus sulfide molecules (P4S10+n) and their electrochemical reaction mechanism with metallic Li has been explored. These P4S10+n molecules are synthesized by the reaction between P4S10 and S. For Li batteries, the P4S40 molecule in the series of P4S10+n molecules provides the highest capacity, which has a first discharge capacity of 1223 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and stabilizes at approximately 720 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. This new class of sulfur‐rich P4S10+n molecules and its electrochemical behavior for room‐temperature Li+ storage could provide novel insights for phosphorus sulfide molecules and high‐energy batteries.
Intramolecular Amido Transfer Leading to Structurally Diverse Nitrogen‐Containing Macrocycles
Authors: Kim Heejeong , Chang Sukbok
Published: February 2017

Reported herein is the development of rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular amido transfer as an efficient route to nitrogen‐containing macrocycles starting from acetophenone ketoximes tethered with either aryl or alkyl azides. Facile generation of rhodacycles and metal imido intermediates was the key to success in this mechanistic scaffold to represent the first example of an intramolecular inner‐sphere C−H amination. While substrates bearing aryl azides underwent a monomeric ring formation in high yields, a dimeric double cyclization took place exclusively with alkyl‐azide‐tethered ketoximes, thus affording up to 36‐membered azamacrocyclic products.
Improved thermal stability and flame resistance of flexible polyimide foams by vermiculite reinforcement
Authors: Yan Li , Fu Liwei , Chen Yajun , Tian Huafeng , Xiang Aimin , Rajulu A. Varada
Published: February 2017

In this work, a series of flexible polyimide composite foams with dianhydride and isocyanate as the starting materials were prepared by pre‐dispersing vermiculite in isocyanate. The experimental results revealed that the cellular diameter of foams obviously decreased with the addition of vermiculite. The open cell content decreased with the increase of vermiculite, and foams containing vermiculite possessed higher apparent densities of about 10 kg/m3when compared with the neat polyimide foams. The compressive strength was dramatically enhanced by vermiculite incorporation, and reached maximum when the filler content was 2%, indicating dramatically reinforcing effect of vermiculite. With the addition of vermiculite, the thermal stability and flame resistance of polyimide foams were improved. The limiting oxygen index of polyimide foams showed an increase from 31 to 33.5% with increase of vermiculite from 0 to 8% and the peak heat release rate decreased, indicating high flame retardant properties. Vermiculites possess excellent heat insulation and high temperature stability. When conditioned at high temperature, the filler would block the heat transfer during the bulk foam. Therefore, it is feasible to further increase the mechanical and thermal properties of polyimide foams by vermiculite filling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44828.
Intercalated hydrotalcite‐like materials and their application as thermal stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Yan Jie , Yang Zhanhong
Published: February 2017

The preparation of hydrotalcites with traditional materials is often based on the corresponding salts and alkali solutions. In this study, to facilitate industrial synthesis and take advantage of the lower cost during the process, a Ca–Al–HPO3–layered double hydroxide (LDH) was directly synthesized with calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium phosphite powders. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the phosphite‐intercalated hydrotalcite. Compared with Ca–Al–CO3–LDH, Ca–Al–HPO3–LDH enhanced the heat stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in terms of both short‐term and long‐term stability because phosphite replaced the allyl chloride and reacted with the conjugated double bonds in PVC; this was deduced through a thermal aging test. The composites of Ca–Al–HPO3–LDH, zinc stearate, and calcium stearate had a synergetic effect when added to PVC and exhibited excellent thermal stability. In addition, the phosphite reacted with ZnCl2 in case of the phenomenon of zinc burning. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44896.
Determination of formaldehyde and TVOC emission behavior from interior use plywood using various post heat treatment processes
Authors: Luo Jing , Li Xiaona , Shi Ruiqing , Gao Qiang , Li Jianzhang , Li Li
Published: February 2017

To reduce the formaldehyde/TVOC emissions from plywood with melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin, four heat treatment procedures were designed and applied. Five‐ply plywood was fabricated, and its formaldehyde/TVOC emissions and wet shear strength were tested. Results showed that a simple low/no pressure post heat treatment procedure was effective and practical to decrease the formaldehyde/TVOC emissions from plywood. This was attributed to completely cured of MUF resin, the breakage of unstable chemical bonds, the acceleration of free formaldehyde releasing, and the exposed surface of the plywood. Meanwhile, this process also balanced the interior force of the resultant plywood and improved its wet shear strength. Under a 12 h oven heat treatment procedure after hot press, the formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from plywood decreased to 0.020 and 0.036 ppm, respectively, while the surface and core layer wet shear strength of plywood was improved to 1.24 and 1.08 MPa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44909.
Core‐shell structure of carbon nanotube nanocapsules reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Wu Gaihong , Liu Shuqiang , Wu Xiongying , Ding Xuemei
Published: February 2017

In this study “core‐shell” structure of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocapsules, which aimed at toughening poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were designed by a synthetic strategy consisting of two reaction steps. The first step was to produce reactive chemical bond to bridge CNTs and PLA. So coupling agent KH570 was used to modify CNTs (CNTs‐KH570). The second step involved ring open polymerization of lactide (LA). Lactide polymerized into PLA under catalysis and meanwhile grafted onto CNTs via KH570 (CNTs‐KH570‐PLA). Thus, the CNTs nanocapsules were constructed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed coupling agent KH570 succeeded in linking CNTs and PLA during LA polymerization. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated CNTs dispersed homogeneous in PLA matrix and the compatibility between them was excellent. The mechanical test also suggested the designed nanocapsules had good effect on toughening PLA composites. This research found one economical and simple way to improve PLA mechanical properties and further broaden its application in many fields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44919.
Synthesis of sulfonyl fluorinated macro emulsifier for low surface energy emulsion polymerization application
Authors: Yin Xue , Song You‐Zhi , Liang Zhi‐Ying , Zhang Bin , Fang Li‐Feng , Zhu Li‐Ping , Zhu Bao‐Ku
Published: February 2017

Fluorinated acrylate emulsions have been extensively applied for hydrophobic surface coatings. To obtain fluorinated emulsions of low surface energy, amphiphilic sulfonyl macro emulsifiers consisting of 2‐(perfluorohexyl) ethyl acrylate (PFHEA) and 2‐acrylanmido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were designed via radical polymerization and subsequently used for the emulsion copolymerization of PFHEA, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methyl butyl acrylate (MBA). Under optimum synthesis conditions, the emulsifier displayed superior emulsification properties such as high monomer conversion, small particle size, and excellent stability compared with conventional emulsifiers. The corresponding emulsions with sulfonyl macro emulsifiers exhibited extreme low surface energy (9.8 mN/m) and outstanding hydrophobicity due to high contents of fluorinated chains, as well as thimbleful hydrophilic sulfonyl groups, which shows the great potential in water repellent modification application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44921.
Overview of Human Salivary Glands: Highlights of Morphology and Developing Processes
Authors: de Paula Fernanda , Teshima Tathyane Harumi Nakajima , Hsieh Ricardo , Souza Milena Monteiro , Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen , Lourenco Silvia Vanessa
Published: February 2017

Salivary glands are essential organs that produce and secrete saliva to the oral cavity. During gland morphogenesis, many developmental processes involve a series of coordinated movements and reciprocal interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme that generate the ductal system and the secretory units. Recent studies have shown new findings about salivary gland development, particularly regarding lumen formation and expansion, with the involvement of apoptosis and cell polarization, respectively. Moreover, it has been observed that human minor salivary glands start forming earlier than previously published and that distinct apoptotic mediators can trigger duct lumen opening in humans. This review summarizes updated morphological and cellular features of human salivary glands and also explores new aspects of the human developmental process. Anat Rec, 300:1180–1188, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New High‐Order Adaptive Robust Control for Constraint Following of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Wang Xiuye , Zhao Han , Sun Qinqin , Chen Ye‐Hwa
Published: February 2017

A mechanical system is to follow a class of prescribed holonomic or nonholonomic constraints. The system contains time‐varying bounded uncertainty. However, the bound is unknown. The objective is to design a control which renders constraint following. A new high‐order adaptive robust control is proposed. The control guarantees uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness even in the presence of the uncertainty. Significant advantages of this new control are demonstrated both analytically and numerically. It is shown that the system performance, including the finite entering time, constraint‐following error, and control magnitude, can be improved by tuning the control order.
Bayesian D‐optimal designs for error‐in‐variables models
Authors: Konstantinou Maria , Dette Holger
Published: February 2017

Bayesian optimality criteria provide a robust design strategy to parameter misspecification. We develop an approximate design theory for Bayesian D‐optimality for nonlinear regression models with covariates subject to measurement errors. Both maximum likelihood and least squares estimation are studied, and explicit characterisations of the Bayesian D‐optimal saturated designs for the Michaelis–Menten, Emax and exponential regression models are provided. Several data examples are considered for the case of no preference for specific parameter values, where Bayesian D‐optimal saturated designs are calculated using the uniform prior and compared with several other designs, including the corresponding locally D‐optimal designs, which are often used in practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular recognition and binding of beta‐lactamase II from Bacillus cereus with penicillin V and sulbactam by spectroscopic analysis in combination with docking simulation
Authors: Zhang Yeli , Qiao Pan , Li Shuaihua , Feng Xuan , Bian Liujiao
Published: February 2017

The molecular recognition and binding interaction of beta‐lactamase II from Bacillus cereus (Bc II) with penicillin V (PV) and sulbactam (Sul) at 277 K were studied by spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking. The results showed that a non‐fluorescence static complex was separately formed between Bc II and two ligands, the molecular ratio of Bc II to PV or Sul was both 1:1 in the binding and the binding constants were 2.00 × 106 and 3.98 × 105 (L/mol), respectively. The negative free energy changes and apparent activation energies indicated that both the binding processes were spontaneous. Molecular docking showed that in the binding process, the whole Sul molecule entered into the binding pocket of Bc II while only part of the whole PV molecule entered into the pocket due to a long side chain, and electrostatic interactions were the major contribution to the binding processes. In addition, a weak conformational change of Bc II was also observed in the molecular recognition and binding process of Bc II with PV or Sul. This study may provide some valuable information for exploring the recognition and binding of proteins with ligands in the binding process and for the design of novel super‐antibiotics.