bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast and light-efficient remote focusing for volumetric voltage imaging
Authors: Böhm Urs L. , Judkewitz Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Voltage imaging holds great potential for biomedical research by enabling noninvasive recording of the electrical activity of excitable cells such as neurons or cardiomyocytes. Camera-based detection can record from hundreds of cells in parallel, but imaging entire volumes is limited by the need to focus through the sample at high speeds. Remote focusing techniques can remedy this drawback, but have so far been either too slow or light-inefficient. Here, we introduce flipped image remote focusing, a remote focusing method that doubles the light efficiency compared to conventional beamsplitter-based techniques and enables high-speed volumetric voltage imaging at 500 volumes/s. We show the potential of our approach by combining it with light sheet imaging in the zebrafish spinal cord to record from >100 spontaneously active neurons in parallel.
Synergistic use of handcrafted and deep learning features for tomato leaf disease classification
Authors: Bouni Mohamed , Hssina Badr , Douzi Khadija , Douzi Samira
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a Computer-Aided Diagnosis-system designed aimed at automated detections & classification of tomato leaf diseases, combining traditional handcrafted features with advanced deep learning techniques. The system’s process encompasses preprocessing, feature extraction, feature fusion, and classification. It utilizes enhancement filters and segmentation algorithms to isolate with Regions-of-Interests (ROI) in images tomato leaves. These features based arranged in ABCD rule (Asymmetry, Borders, Colors, and Diameter) are integrated with outputs from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) pretrained on ImageNet. To address data imbalance, we introduced a novel evaluation method that has shown to improve classification accuracy by 15% compared to traditional methods, achieving an overall accuracy rate of 92% in field tests. By merging classical feature engineering with modern machine learning techniques under mutual information-based feature fusion, our system sets a new standard for precision in agricultural diagnostics. Specific performance metrics showcasing the effectiveness of our approach in automated detection and classifying of tomato leaf disease.
Detectability of cytokine and chemokine using ELISA, following sample-inactivation using Triton X-100 or heat
Authors: Labossiere Erica Hofer , Gonzalez-Diaz Sandra , Enns Stephanie , Lopez Paul , Yang Xuefen , Kidane Biniam , Vazquez-Grande Gloria , Siddik Abu Bakar , Kung Sam Kam-Pun , Sandstrom Paul , Ravandi Amir , Ball T. Blake , Su Ruey-Chyi
Published: November 2024

Clinical samples are routinely inactivated before molecular assays to prevent pathogen transmission. Antibody-based assays are sensitive to changes in analyte conformation, but the impact of inactivation on the analyte detectability has been overlooked. This study assessed the effects of commonly used inactivation-methods, Triton X-100 (0.5%) and heat (60 °C, 1 h), on cytokine/chemokine detection in plasma, lung aspirates, and nasopharyngeal samples. Heat significantly reduced analyte detectability in plasma (IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-16, VEGF, IL-7, TNF-β) by 33–99% (p ≤ 0.02), while Triton X-100 minimally affected analytes in plasma and nasopharyngeal samples (11–37%, p ≤ 0.04) and had no significant impact on lung aspirates. Structural analysis revealed that cytokines affected by heat had more hydrophobic residues and higher instability-indices. As the protein-detectability was affected differently in different sample types, the sample environment could also influence protein stability. This underscores the importance of selecting the most suitable inactivation methods for clinical samples to ensure accurate cytokine/chemokine analysis in both clinical and research settings.
Misalignment analysis of WPT level 3/Z2-class of CirPT with DDPR and CirPR for EVs stationary charging
Authors: Elymany Mahmoud M. , Mohamed Ahmed A. S. , Shaier Ahmed A. , Enany Mohamed A. , Metwally Hamid , Selem Sameh I.
Published: November 2024

Future inductive charging ports must possess the capability to charge any electric vehicle (EV), irrespective of the specific coil architecture it is equipped with. This study examines the misalignment scenarios of the global circular pad at transmitter side (CirPT) with circular receiver pad (CirPR) and a double-D receiver pad (DDPR). The CirPT, CirPR, and DDPR configurations for WPT3 (11.1 kW) with ground clearance meeting the Z2-class specifications and above ground surface installation are built by utilizing circuit analysis and 3D-finite element simulations, as outlined by the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2954 standard. The simulated designs are employed to determine the frequency (f) and the compensating network components (CNCs) required to achieve optimal power transfer efficiency while maintaining nominal power levels. The analysis of misalignment scenarios involves examining various performance factors, including coupling coefficient (k), transmission power (Po), efficiency (η), and leakage electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These factors are assessed under conditions of ideal alignment, as well as various linear and angular misalignments within the inductive charging system. The results demonstrate that both the CirPR and DDPR configurations can successfully interface with the CirPT to provide the required Po to the EV battery with commendable efficiency. In perfect alignment, the efficiencies are 95.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 91.60% for the CirPT-DDPR model. In maximum misalignment, the efficiencies are 87.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 89.50% for the CirPT-DDPR model, all exceeding the acceptable threshold of 80%.
Fabrication and assessment of performance of clay based ceramic membranes impregnated with CNTs in dye removal
Authors: Hamad Kareem H. , Abdallah Heba , Aly Sohair T. , Abobeah R. , Amin Sh. K.
Published: November 2024

In this research, flat disk clay-based ceramic membranes were fabricated and optimized for use in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with dye. The properties of the fabricated membranes were assessed to optimize the fabrication conditions, namely, the firing temperature (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C), soaking time (30 min and 60 min) and zeolite percentage (0%, 10%, and 20%). On the other hand, the rejection of methylene blue dye (MB) and acid fuchsin dye (AF) was studied. The surface of the optimal membrane support was modified using functionalized COOH-carbon nanotubes to increase the dye removal percentage. The fabricated membranes were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and XRF. The optimum membrane support was fabricated at 1150 °C, after 30 min of soaking and with 0% zeolite. The most suitable membrane support was found to be AF, as its rejection percentages reached 42% and 95% without and after surface modification, respectively. The surface of the membrane was examined via SEM, which revealed normally distributed pores. The average pore size of the final membrane was found to be 0.076 micrometers using a mercury porosimeter; thus, the produced membranes can be used in ultrafiltration applications. Finally, the fouling properties showed that the total fouling reached 72.8%, of which only 2.1% was irreversible.
Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
Authors: El-Gepaly Hosam M. K. H. , Abdelhameed Khaled M. A. , Shakl Shimaa Y. E. , Saleh Ahmed A. , Hafez Elsayed E.
Published: November 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses in Egypt under laboratory and semi-field conditions. FAW larvae were initially collected from infested maize fields and reared on castor-oil plant leaves. Meanwhile, T. evanescens was propagated using Sitotroga cerealella eggs as hosts. The host eggs, aged 18 to 24 h, were sterilized with UV light to prevent host development while maintaining suitability for parasitism. Using custom-designed parasitoid incubators and hemisphere clip-cages, experiments focused on various egg mass configurations, assessing the effects of scales and layering. Laboratory conditions were controlled at 25 ± 2ºC and 55 ± 5% relative humidity, while semi-field trials used large cages in maize fields to approximate natural conditions. The results showed that in laboratory settings, parasitism rates averaged 5.96%, 2.00%, and 1.56% for non-, average-, and dense-scale egg masses, respectively. For egg masses with varying layers, parasitism rates were 5.24% for single-layer, 3.09% for double-layer, and 1.18% for ple-layer, regardless of scale presence. In semi-field conditions, parasitism rates were 1.01% for single-layer, 1.13% for double-layer, and 0.59% for triple-layer egg masses. Correspondingly, parasitism rates for non-, average-, and dense-scale eggs were 1.85%, 0.60% and 0.27%. The study concludes that T. evanescens shows promise for integrated pest management programs; however, its effectiveness is constrained by physical and environmental variables. Optimizing the timing of parasitoid releases and selecting robust strains could enhance the effectiveness of biological control, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides in Egypt.
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from Cassia javanica flowers extract and their medical and agricultural applications
Authors: Soliman Mohamed K.Y. , Amin Mohamed Abdel-Aal , Nowwar Abdelatti Ibrahim , Hendy Mahmoud H. , Salem Salem S.
Published: November 2024

Nanostructured materials are advantageous within numerous fields of medicine owing to their intriguing qualities, which include their size, reactive surface, bioactivity, potential for modification, and optical characteristics. Cassia javanica flower extract was used as a chelating agent in an environmentally friendly process to create SeNPs FTIR, XRD, and TEM, SAED were utilized to analyze and characterize the synthesized. The findings showed that the MIC of Se NPs against B. subtilis and S. aureus was 500 µg/ml. Conversely, the MIC for P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans were 125, 250, and 62.5 µg/ml, respectively. Hence, SeNPs considerably reduced the activity; the inhibition peaked at 77.6% at 250 µg/ml to reach 49.04% at 7.8 µg/ml. Which showed the greatest suppression of MRSA biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. SeNPs showed an intriguing antioxidant capacity, achieving an IC50 of 53.34 µg/ml. This study looked how soaking seeds before sowing them with Se NPs at 50, 100, and 200 ppm affected the plants’ development in different parameters, as well as their yield of Vicia faba L. The growth conditions were effectively increased by soaking application of various quantities of Se NPs. The highest values of dry weight/pod (g), number of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds (g), and number of pods/plant were caused by high concentrations of Se NPs, by 28.43, 89.60, 18.20, and 94.11%, respectively.
Delineation of the reservoir petrophysical parameters from well logs validated by the core samples case study Sitra field, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hadeel , Mabrouk Walid M. , Metwally Ahmed
Published: November 2024

In the northern section of the Western Desert, there are many extremely profitable petroleum and natural gas deposits in the Abu EL-Gharadig Basin. This study aims to highlight the hydrocarbon potential of Abu Roash F Formation, which stands for high organic content unconventional tight reservoirs, and Abu Roash G Formation which stands for conventional sand reservoirs, in Sitra field located in the central-western part of the Abu EL-Gharadig Basin. The research employed well-log data from four wells to ascertain petrophysical properties combined with core samples of two wells for a comprehensive examination and description of lithology. Initially, we commenced the execution of petrophysical analysis, encompassing log quality control procedures. Subsequently, we identified and revealed zones of interest and hydrocarbon indicators in both formations. Additionally, we ascertained the three most influential parameters, shale Volume, effective Porosity, and water saturation, which serve as defining factors for reservoir quality. Subsequently, an examination of the core samples, which encompassed lithologic description, lithofacies analysis, paleoenvironmental interpretation, petrographic analysis, and porosity assessment is conducted. For the sake of a more accurate interpretation, we conclude our research with cartographic maps created to evaluate the geographical distribution of hydrocarbon potential based on petrophysical characteristics, Distribution of the net-to-gross ratio among wells by correlating the litho-saturation models (rock models) for the four wells. The foregoing results declare that The Abu Roash F carbonate-rich rocks are a contender for unconventional tight oil reservoir potential with thin secondary porosity and high organic content, which normally requires a kind of hydraulic fracturing for prospective oil extraction, Furthermore, the upper section of Abu Roash G formation, particularly in well sitra8-03, has highly favorable conventional reservoir characteristics.
Capnodynamic assessment of mixed venous oxygen saturation in a porcine experimental endotoxemic model
Authors: Svedmyr Anders , Hedov Joakim , Lipcsey Miklos , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Karlsson Jacob
Published: November 2024

Sepsis continues to be a major cause of death and illness globally, posing significant challenges for healthcare professionals. In the pursuit of more accurate and timely monitoring tools, the concept of capnodynamically derived mixed venous oxygen saturation (Capno-SvO2) has emerged as a promising method. Capno-SvO2 provides a non-invasive way to assess and track SvO2 and could serve as an additional tool alongside more invasive methods like the pulmonary artery catheter. This could potentially be of great value in the care of critically ill patients with sepsis, where alternative minimal invasive monitoring methods may vary in reliability. The aim of the current study was to compare capno-SvO2 against values obtained through pulmonary artery blood sample CO-oximetry and continuous fiberoptic SvO2 monitoring, using a well-established porcine experimental sepsis model. Anesthetized pigs were exposed to a standardized endotoxin infusion sepsis protocol, followed by a series of maneuvers typically applied in sepsis care. Simultaneous recordings were done throughout the experiment for all three monitoring methods. Bland–Altman analysis corrected for repeated measurements was used to assess the agreement of absolute values between the paired recording of CO-oximetry and Capno-SvO2 as well as between CO-oximetry and fiberoptic SvO2. The ability of Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 to track changes was assessed by concordance rate. A total of 10 animals and 275 paired datapoints were included in the study. The majority of the animals displayed pronounced hemodynamical instability in response to endotoxin exposure and subsequent treatment interventions. Analysis of all paired data points showed a bias between Capno-SvO2 and CO-oximetry SvO2 of + 1% with 95% limits of agreement of -14% to + 17%. The corresponding numbers for fiberoptic SvO2 and CO-oximetry SvO2 were -4% and -15% to + 8%. The concordance rate as compared to CO-oximetry, were 97% and 93% for Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2, respectively. In this experimental sepsis model, continuous, non-invasive Capno-SvO2 generates average absolute values comparable to the gold standard CO-oximetry albeit with relatively wide limits of agreement. Capno-SvO2 displayed a concordance rate of 97% against CO-oximetry and exhibits better trending ability compared to invasive fiberoptic SvO2.
Sensitive imaging of actinide materials in shielded radioactive waste
Authors: Vasiljević Jana , Peters Vivian , Puranen Anders , Cederwall Bo
Published: November 2024

This paper reports on the development of a method for enhanced non-destructive assay (NDA) of radioactive waste using the novel technique neutron-gamma emission tomography (NGET). The technique relies on the detection of correlated fast neutrons and gamma rays emitted in spontaneous or induced fission. It is based on fast organic scintillators and enables sensitive detection and three-dimensional (3D) localization of the fission events. The technique is passive and does not require moving components. In this work, we apply the NGET technique to the category of radioactive waste which is often referred to as historic or legacy waste. This can include mixed wastes encased in shielded containers many decades ago, before the advent of detailed waste description criteria. These low or intermediate level wastes are often associated with lacking, limited or conflicting documentation. This poses a challenge when assigning the waste to the proper disposal route as well as in deciding whether the waste needs to undergo sorting and conditioning to fulfil waste acceptance criteria both with regards to safe interim storage and to its ultimate disposal. Actinides, such as isotopes of uranium and plutonium, with their typically long half-lives and decay chains are of special interest in this regard since they may challenge the long-term safety assessment in repositories predicated on mainly shorter half-life radionuclides if undetected. Accurate identification and localisation of actinides is also important from a safeguards perspective, especially since they are generally difficult to detect and localise by established passive means due to their relatively weak radiation emissions, in particular in shielded containments and in the presence of strong radiation fields from other radioactive materials. In this paper we present findings of measurements on shielded containments of long-lived radioactive waste performed at the Studsvik site in Sweden, as well as measurements on a laboratory assembly simulating a grouted waste drum. Similarities and differences between the novel NGET technique and a commercially available gamma imaging system are also briefly discussed.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the modulated phase grating X-ray interferometer
Authors: Meyer Hunter , Dey Joyoni , Carr Sydney , Ham Kyungmin , Butler Leslie G. , Dooley Kerry M. , Hidrovo Ivan , Bleuel Markus , Varga Tamas , Schulz Joachim , Beckenbach Thomas , Kaiser Konradin
Published: November 2024

X-ray grating interferometry allows for the simultaneous acquisition of attenuation, differential-phase contrast, and dark-field images, resulting from X-ray attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering, respectively. The modulated phase grating (MPG) interferometer is a recently developed grating interferometry system capable of generating a directly resolvable interference pattern using a relatively large period grating envelope function that is sampled at a pitch that is small enough that X-ray spatial coherence can be achieved by using a microfocus X-ray source or G0 grating. We present the theory of the MPG interferometry system for a 2-dimensional staggered grating, derived using Fourier optics, and we compare the theoretical predictions with experiments we have performed with a microfocus X-ray system at Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU. The theoretical and experimental fringe visibility is evaluated as a function of grating-to-detector distance. Additionally, quantitative experiments are performed with porous carbon and alumina compounds, and the mean normalized dark-field signal is compared with independent porosimetry measurements. Qualitative analysis of attenuation and dark-field images of a dried anchovy are shown.
Revealing the structural microenvironment of high metastatic risk uveal melanomas following decellularisation
Authors: Aughton Karen , Hattersley Joshua , Coupland Sarah E , Kalirai Helen
Published: November 2024

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive intraocular tumour that spreads most commonly to the liver in tumours with loss of one copy of chromosome 3 (HR-M3); current treatments for metastatic disease remain largely ineffective. Pre-clinical research is increasingly using three-dimensional models that better recapitulate the tumour microenvironment (TME). One aspect of the TME is the acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) that influences cell proliferation, migration and response to therapy. Although commercial matrices are used in culture, the composition and biochemical properties may not be representative of the tumour ECM in vivo. This study identifies UM metastatic risk specific ECM proteins by developing methodology for decellularisation of low- and high- metastatic risk tissue samples (LR-D3 vs. HR-M3). Proteomic analysis revealed a matrisome signature of 34 core ECM and ECM-associated proteins upregulated in HR-M3 UM. Combining additional UM secretome and whole cell iTRAQ proteomic datasets revealed enriched GO and KEGG pathways including ‘regulating ECM binding’ and ‘PI3K/Akt signalling’. Structural analyses of decellularised matrices revealed microarchitecture of differing fibre density and expression differences in collagen 4, collagen 6A1 and nidogen 1, between metastatic risk groups. This approach is a powerful tool for the generation of ECM matrices relevant to high metastatic risk UM.
Optimizing knee osteoarthritis severity prediction on MRI images using deep stacking ensemble technique
Authors: Panwar Punita , Chaurasia Sandeep , Gangrade Jayesh , Bilandi Ashwani , Pruthviraja Dayananda
Published: November 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) represents a well-documented degenerative arthropathy prevalent among the elderly population. KOA is a persistent condition, also referred to as progressive joint Disease, stemming from the continual deterioration of cartilage. Predominantly afflicting individuals aged 45 and above, this ailment is commonly labeled as a “wear and tear” joint disorder, targeting joints such as the knee, hand, hips, and spine. Osteoarthritis symptoms typically increase gradually, contributing to the deterioration of articular cartilage. Prominent indicators encompass pain, stiffness, tenderness, swelling, and the development of bone spurs. Diagnosis typically involves the utilization of Radiographic X-ray images, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Computed Tomography (CT) Scan by medical professionals and experts. However, this conventional approach is time-consuming, and also sometimes tedious for medical professionals. In order to address the limitation of time and expedite the diagnostic process, deep learning algorithms have been implemented in the medical field. In the present investigation, four pre-trained models, specifically CNN, AlexNet, ResNet34 and ResNet-50, were utilized to predict the severity of KOA. Further, a Deep stack ensemble technique was employed to achieve optimal performance resulting to the accuracy of 99.71%.
Revealing polytypism in 2D boron nitride with UV photoluminescence
Authors: Iwański Jakub , Korona Krzysztof P. , Tokarczyk Mateusz , Kowalski Grzegorz , Dąbrowska Aleksandra K. , Tatarczak Piotr , Rogala Izabela , Bilska Marta , Wójcik Maciej , Kret Sławomir , Reszka Anna , Kowalski Bogdan J. , Li Song , Pershin Anton , Gali Adam , Binder Johannes , Wysmołek Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Boron nitride exhibits various crystal structures. The subgroup of layered boron nitrides includes several polytypes such as hexagonal (hBN), Bernal (bBN), and rhombohedral (rBN) BN. The latter two are non-centrosymmetric, potentially leading to piezoelectric or ferroelectric properties. A key challenge related to the polytypism of sp2-bonded BN is distinguishing between these polytypes. We demonstrate that the optical response of the 4.1-eV defect can be used to differentiate hBN from rBN. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements on samples grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) show a zero-phonon line at 4.096 eV for hBN and 4.143 eV for rBN. Our calculations confirm that the photoluminescence originates from a carbon dimer, CBCN (C2), which is sensitive to the local environments of different polytypes. We demonstrate that different polytypic compositions of hBN and rBN can be achieved by MOVPE, which could pave the way for future applications in large-area van der Waals heterostructures.
The impact of data resolution on dynamic causal inference in multiscale ecological networks
Authors: Saberski Erik , Lorimer Tom , Carpenter Delia , Deyle Ethan , Merz Ewa , Park Joseph , Pao Gerald M. , Sugihara George
Published: November 2024

While it is commonly accepted that ecosystem dynamics are nonlinear, what is often not acknowledged is that nonlinearity implies scale-dependence. With the increasing availability of high-resolution ecological time series, there is a growing need to understand how scale and resolution in the data affect the construction and interpretation of causal networks—specifically, networks mapping how changes in one variable drive changes in others as part of a shared dynamic system (“dynamic causation”). We use Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), a method specifically designed to measure dynamic causation, to study the effects of varying temporal and taxonomic/functional resolution in data when constructing ecological causal networks. As the system is viewed at different scales relationships will appear and disappear. The relationship between data resolution and interaction presence is not random: the temporal scale at which a relationship is uncovered identifies a biologically relevant scale that drives changes in population abundance. Further, causal relationships between taxonomic aggregates (low-resolution) are shown to be influenced by the number of interactions between their component species (high-resolution). Because no single level of resolution captures all the causal links in a system, a more complete understanding requires multiple levels when constructing causal networks.
Triangulation for causal loop diagrams: constructing biopsychosocial models using group model building, literature review, and causal discovery
Authors: Uleman Jeroen F. , Luijten Maartje , Abdo Wilson F. , Vyrastekova Jana , Gerhardus Andreas , Runge Jakob , Rod Naja Hulvej , Verhagen Maaike
Published: November 2024

The complex nature of many health problems necessitates the use of systems thinking tools like causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to visualize the underlying causal network and facilitate computational simulations of potential interventions. However, the construction of CLDs is limited by the constraints and biases of specific sources of evidence. To address this, we propose a triangulation approach that integrates expert and theory-driven group model building, literature review, and data-driven causal discovery. We demonstrate the utility of this triangulation approach using a case example focused on the trajectory of depressive symptoms in response to a stressor in healthy adults. After triangulation with causal discovery, the CLD exhibited (1) greater comprehensiveness, encompassing multiple research fields; (2) a modified feedback structure; and (3) increased transparency regarding the uncertainty of evidence in the model structure. These findings suggest that triangulation can produce higher-quality CLDs, potentially advancing our understanding of complex diseases.
Efficient generation of grids and traversal graphs in compositional spaces towards exploration and path planning
Authors: Krajewski Adam M. , Beese Allison M. , Reinhart Wesley F. , Liu Zi-Kui
Published: November 2024

Diverse disciplines across science and engineering deal with problems related to compositions, which exist in non-Euclidean simplex spaces, rendering many standard tools inaccurate or inefficient. This work explores such spaces conceptually in the context of materials discovery, quantifies their computational feasibility, and implements several essential methods specific to simplex spaces through a new high-performance open-source library . Most significantly, we derive and implement an algorithm for constructing a novel n-dimensional simplex graph data structure, containing all discretized compositions and possible neighbor-to-neighbor transitions. Critically, no distance or neighborhood calculations are performed, instead leveraging pure combinatorics and order in procedurally generated simplex grids, keeping the algorithm $${\mathcal{O}}(N)$$

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, with minimal memory, enabling rapid construction of graphs with billions of transitions in seconds. Additionally, we demonstrate how such graph representations can be combined to homogeneously express complex path-planning problems, while facilitating efficient deployment of existing high-performance gradient descent, graph traversal, and other optimization algorithms.
Evaluation of extracellular vesicle aggregation by single vesicle analysis
Authors: Yi Johan , Kim Suyeon , Han Chungmin , Park Jaesung
Published: November 2024

A TIRF microscopy-based method for single vesicle aggregation analysis enables precise assessment of EV aggregation under various conditions, enhancing EV characterization and functional analysis.
Classification techniques of ion selective electrode arrays in agriculture: a review
Authors: Zhai Jiawei , Duan Shuhao , Luo Bin , Jin Xiaotong , Dong Hongtu , Wang Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

This review systematically studied and discussed the application of ion-selective electrode arrays combined with classification algorithms in agriculture.
Embedded microdrops configuration for diffusion-based colorimetric reactions: a novel approach for thiol determination by the Ellman reaction
Authors: Jain Archana , Gupta Manju , Verma Krishna K.
Published: November 2024

An aqueous reagent microdrop enclosed in organic liquid film upon direct immersion into the aqueous sample allowed analyte diffusion into the reagent drop, cleanup, preconcentration and specific colorimetric reaction in the same step.
Dynamic covalent and noncovalent assembly of o-nitrosocumene in organic solvents and water
Authors: Rogers Cory H. , Pradeep Anu , Galiano Layla A. , Kelley S. Ariel , Varadharajan Ramkumar , Belmore Ken , Whitt Logan M. , Li Yanmei , Champagne Pier Alexandre , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan , Blackstock Silas C.
Published: November 2024

The nitrosobenzene monomer–dimer–aggregate dynamic equilibrium depends on the medium.
Electrodegradation of nitrogenous pollutants in sewage: from reaction fundamentals to energy valorization applications
Authors: Sun Ming-Lei , Wang Hao-Yu , Feng Yi , Ren Jin-Tao , Wang Lei , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: November 2024

This review provides a comprehensive insight into the electrodegradation processes of nitrogenous pollutants in sewage, highlighting the reaction mechanisms, theoretical descriptors, catalyst design, and energy valorization strategies.
Deciphering the role of chemisorbed CO in CO2 methanation: kinetic and mechanistic investigation over monometallic (Ru) and bimetallic (Ru–Ni) catalysts
Authors: Dongapure Pavan , Tekawadia Jyoti , Naidu V. Satyam , Devi R. Nandini
Published: November 2024

Supported metal catalysts have made prominent contributions to CO2 mitigation through conversion into useful chemicals.
XRDMatch: a semi-supervised learning framework to efficiently discover room temperature lithium superionic conductors
Authors: Wan Zheng , Chen Zhenying , Chen Hao , Jiang Yizhi , Zhang Jinhuan , Wang Yidong , Wang Jindong , Sun Hao , Zhu Zhongjie , Zhu Jinhui , Yang Linyi , Ye Wei , Zhang Shikun , Xie Xing , Zhang Yue , Zhuang Xiaodong , He Xiao , Yang Jinrong
Published: November 2024

We propose XRDMatch, a semi-supervised learning framework that integrates consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. Using X-ray diffraction patterns as descriptors, it effectively addresses data scarcity by leveraging abundant unlabeled data.
High-entropy materials for aqueous zinc metal batteries
Authors: Han Xiaomin , Zhao Ran , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yahui , Zhang Anqi , Hu Zhifan , Lv Mengge , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: November 2024

This review explores the potential and effective application paths of HEMs in AZIBs, aiming to break the constraints in AZIBs and pave the way toward the development of high-performance AZIBs.
Characterisation and quantification of phenolic, anthocyanidin and terpene species in plant foods and plant food-based complementary products with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties
Authors: May Naomi , Shi Jiahua , Clunas Helen , de Sousa Alves Neri Julianna Lys , Kelso Celine , Morgan Jody , Yu Yinghua , Charlton Karen , Weston-Green Katrina
Published: November 2024

Phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds and terpenes, are of interest for the treatment and prevention of conditions with oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies.
Single-layer 2D supramolecular-organic-framework-supported polyoxometalates: efficient selective oxidation of toluene in seawater under sunlight
Authors: Fan Yan , Luo Yi , Luo Xu , Ni Xin-Long
Published: November 2024

Performing organic reactions in water, particularly in seawater under sunlight, is a desirable objective in chemistry because both are the most abundant and cheapest resources on the Earth.
EtOH-mediated cascade C(sp3)–H alkylation via aromatization-driven [1,6]-hydride transfer: green and divergent synthesis of spirocyclic azepino[4,3,2-cd]indoles
Authors: Shen Yao-Bin , Zhuang Qian-Hao , Wang Xiao-Lin , An Xiao-De , Qiu Bin , Shi Tiesheng , Xiao Jian
Published: November 2024

Unprecedented EtOH-mediated cascade C(sp3)–H alkylation reactions of 4-dialkylamino-indole-3-carbaldehydes have been realized for the green and divergent synthesis of spirocyclic azepino[4,3,2-cd]indole derivatives.
Ball milling-promoting difunctionalization of alkynyl sulfonium salts with sulfinic acids towards (Z)-1,2-disulfonylethenes
Authors: Yang Li-Hua , Li Bei , Chen Lin , Yao Wen-Shi , Peng Han-Yue , Peng Sha , Xie Long-Yong
Published: November 2024

A simple ball milling-mediated disulfonylation of alkynyl sulfonium salts with sulfinic acids for the stereoselective synthesis of various (Z)-1,2-disulfonylethenes has been developed under catalyst-, additive- and solvent-free conditions.
Shaking up conjugates between chitosan and aldehydes via mechanochemistry
Authors: Van Poucke Casper , Mangelinckx Sven , Stevens Christian V.
Published: November 2024

A solid-state mechanochemical protocol to synthesize Schiff base and N-alkyl chitosan derivatives is described.
Recent progress in carbon nanomaterials for highly flexible fibrous aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Guoqing , Xi Qiqing , Shao Yanyan , Yang Yinan , Rui Yichuan , Shao Yuanlong
Published: November 2024

Based on its unique one-dimensional configuration, great flexibility and high safety, fibrous aqueous batteries have been recognized as a promising candidate for energy sources of wearable electronics with the great feature of carbon nanomaterials.
XeF2 gas assisted focused electron beam induced etching of niobium thin films: towards direct write editing of niobium superconducting devices
Authors: Gellerup Spencer , Emery Reece , Retterer Scott T. , Randolph Steven J. , Rack Philip D.
Published: November 2024

Focused electron beam induced etching (FEBIE) of Nb films produced a maximum etching yield of 3 Nb atoms/e− while varying beam energy, beam current, dwell time, and XeF2 precursor working pressure. An optimized etch resolution of 17 nm was achieved.
CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins over Zn–Zr/support-SAPO-34: comparison of different supports
Authors: Lu Peng , Hu Qianwen , Wang Kui , Chen Shiyong , Li Zongxiao , Chen Xinjie , Xing Chuang , Wang Yanhong , Du Ce
Published: November 2024

The efficient CO2 conversion to light olefins through hydrogenation is a feasible strategy to achieve carbon neutrality goals.
Thermally activated sensitization of organics by lanthanide complexes for near-infrared photochemical upconversion
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhu Guohua , Hu Rui , Yang Guoqiang , Chen Jinping , Yu Tianjun , Li Yi , Zeng Yi
Published: November 2024

Thermally activated sensitization of organic annihilators by a penta-nuclear Yb complex enables an anti-Stokes shift above 1.3 eV in photochemical upconversion.
A high-speed infrared tellurium photodetector on a silicon nitride platform
Authors: Xiao Shuqi , Qi Junlei , Wang Yi , Hu Gaolei , Qin Yue , Cheng Zhenzhou , Zhang Zunyue , He Qiyuan , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate a high-speed waveguide-integrated tellurium photodetector on a silicon nitride platform. At a wavelength of 1570 nm, the photodetector has a measured responsivity of 0.5 A W−1 at 1 V bias voltage and a bandwidth of 12 GHz.
From burst to controlled release: using hydrogel crosslinking chemistry to tune release of micro-crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Manghnani Purnima N. , Nelson Arif Z. , Wong Kelvin , Lee Yi Wei , Khan Saif A. , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: November 2024

In this study, a nanoemulsion of a BCS class II drug, fenofibrate, was cross-linked via a Michael-type addition reaction to yield micro-crystalline Fen-embedded micro-hydrogels with tunable degradation.
Dissecting the role of anions in surface reconstruction in urea oxidation to maximize assisted hydrogen production
Authors: Bao Weiwei , Yang Mameng , Ai Taotao , Han Jie , Deng Zhifeng , Zou Xiangyu , Jiang Peng , Zhang Junjun
Published: November 2024

The oxygen-containing anion formed by electrooxidation and leaching on the electrode surface can effectively improve the catalytic activity of UOR and provide an accurate way for the energy saving hydrogen production assisted by urea.
Stable solid-state potassium metal batteries enabled by a KB11H14·2Me3NBH3 complex electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Guo-Guo , Qiu Pengtao , Kang Jia-Xin , Lu Zhiwei , Zhu An-Qi , Yu Xiaohu , Chen Xuenian
Published: November 2024

A new complex KB11H14·2Me3NBH3 was obtained by a ligand incorporation approach, exhibiting enhanced ionic conductivity and relative stability against K metal. Potassium metal batteries using it as the electrolyte deliver long-term cycling stability.
Self-assembled phthalocyanine-based nano-photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy for hypoxic tumors
Authors: He Lin , Ma Ding
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the potential of self-assembled phthalocyanine-based nano-photosensitizers for overcoming the limitations of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating hypoxic tumors.
DABSO-mediated Pummerer reaction enables one-pot synthesis of pyrroloquinolines for accessing marinoquinolines: mechanistic, photophysical and pharmacological investigations
Authors: Khan Rahimuddin , Penthi Dipun Kumar , Chatterjee Aditi , Sahoo Chandrakanta , Patra Shanti Gopal , Nagaraj Viswanathan Arun , Khan Tabrez
Published: November 2024

A one-pot, 2-step process involving the first DABSO-facilitated Pummerer reaction enables access to the 3H-pyrrolo-[2,3-c] quinolines and eventually to the marine natural products marinoquinolines A, K, and H, possessing antimalarial activity.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade decarboxylative cyclization of alkyne-tethered aryl iodides with o-bromobenzoic acids for the synthesis of fused isoquinolinones
Authors: Quan Zhaolin , Duan Yubo , Chen Zhengkai
Published: November 2024

A straightforward approach for the preparation of fused isoquinolinone derivatives via palladium-catalyzed cascade decarboxylative cyclization of alkyne-tethered aryl iodides with o-bromobenzoic acids is described.
Synthesis, optical, electrochemical, and computational study of benzene/thiophene based D–π–A chromophores
Authors: Babejová Michaela , Třísková Iveta , Trnková Libuše , Semrád Hugo , Munzarová Markéta , Heger Dominik , Nachtigallová Dana , Potáček Milan
Published: November 2024

Synthesis of novel (D–π–A) chromophores with one electron-donating + withdrawing group at opposite ends of terphenyl, terthiophene, or 2,5-diphenylthiophene, analysed upon results of HOMO–LUMO gaps, determined via CV and in terms of MO via DFT.
Surface science studies of the coverage dependent adsorption of methyl acetate and methyl propanoate on graphite
Authors: Fulker Jack E. , Brown Wendy A.
Published: November 2024

The adsorption of methyl acetate and methyl propanoate has been studied on a graphite surface at 28 K. TPD data show that the desorption energy of both molecules is highly coverage dependent with repulsive interactions being seen at low coverages.
Transient crystallisation of rare earth carbonates during the hydrothermal oxidation of siderite
Authors: M. Maddin , R. Rateau , A. M. Szucs , L. Terribili , J. D. Rodriguez-Blanco
Published: November 2024

The researchers investigated the interaction between multi-component rare earth element-bearing aqueous solutions and siderite grains under hydrothermal conditions.
Morphological analysis of Pd/C nanoparticles using SEM imaging and advanced deep learning
Authors: Thuan Nguyen Duc , Cuong Hoang Manh , Nam Nguyen Hoang , Lan Huong Nguyen Thi , Hong Hoang Si
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present a comprehensive approach for the morphological analysis of palladium on carbon (Pd/C) nanoparticles utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and advanced deep learning techniques.
Enhanced thermomechanical properties of epoxy-multiwalled CNT nano-composites
Authors: Alhendal Abdullah
Published: November 2024

(A) Preparation of (GPTS-APTS) modified MWCNT solution/GA-CNT, (B) preparation of sol–gel active and partially cured polymer matrix and (C) preparation of ECB-CNT composite.
Chemoselective, regioselective, and positionally selective fluorogenic stapling of unprotected peptides for cellular uptake and direct cell imaging
Authors: Dayanara Naysilla L. , Froelich Juliette , Roome Pascale , Perrin David M.
Published: November 2024

A mild, rapid, highly selective fluorogenic peptide stapling method is presented resulting in bright green fluorescence. This enables direct assessment of cell uptake via confocal microscopy by virtue of the fluorescent staple itself.
Self-assembled hole-transport material incorporating biphosphonic acid for dual-defect passivation in NiOx-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Su Ting , Liu Wenjun , Xu Hao , Chen Huilong , Wong Kin Long , Zhang Wanru , Su Qingting , Wang Tongxin , Xu Shanlei , Liu Xingting , Lv Weiwei , Geng Renyong , Yin Jun , Song Xin
Published: November 2024

The efficiency and stability of nickel oxide (NiOx)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are critically hindered by defects and suboptimal charge transfer at the interface between perovskite crystals and the NiOx layer.
Thermodynamic assessment of Gd-doped CeO2 for microwave-assisted thermochemical reduction
Authors: Lee Dongkyu , Yoo Jaemin , Yun Gunsu S. , Jin Hyungyu
Published: November 2024

Enthalpy change and defect formation in Gd-doped ceria were investigated under microwave-assisted reduction, showing over a 50% decrease in enthalpy change and distinct characteristics in defect formation compared to conventional thermal reduction.
Isovalent substitution modulates average and short-range structure in disordered rocksalt oxides
Authors: Langhout John D. , Gager Elizabeth , Ulloa Talianna , Shepard Shane , Nino Juan C. , Butala Megan M.
Published: November 2024

Substituting Ti with Zr modifies short-range order in disordered oxides, significantly affecting battery capacity.
Unexpected anion segregation enabling high conductivity in argyrodite Li6−xPS5−xClBrx solid electrolytes
Authors: Yi Seho , Jeon Taegon , Cha Gyeong Ho , Han Young-Kyu , Jung Sung Chul
Published: November 2024

Anion-segregated Li5.75PS4.75ClBr0.25 exhibits domain-dependent Li transport with higher Li mobility in the Cl/Br domain than in the S domain, resulting in a high conductivity of 10.1 mS cm−1.
Gram-scale green synthesis of a highly stable cationic covalent organic framework for efficient and selective removal of ReO4−/99TcO4−
Authors: Li Changxia , Florek Justyna , Guggenberger Patrick , Kleitz Freddy
Published: November 2024

Green hydrothermal synthesis achieves gram-scale production of a cationic COF sorbent with high stability for the rapid and selective removal of 99TcO4− contaminants.
Ir nanoparticles decorated NiFe metal–organic framework as a highly efficient and stable heterostructure electrocatalyst for overall seawater splitting
Authors: Wang Hefeng , Li Zixiao , Cai Zhengwei , Yang Chaoxin , Sun Shengjun , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Min , Yue Meng , Zheng Dongdong , Farouk Asmaa , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Sun Xuping , Tang Bo
Published: November 2024

Ir nanoparticle decorated NiFe metal–organic framework on Ni foam (Ir@NiFe-MOF/NF) acts as a bifunctional catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater with excellent performance and stability.
Combining machine-learning models with first-principles high-throughput calculations to accelerate the search for promising thermoelectric materials
Authors: Fan Tao , Oganov Artem R.
Published: November 2024

From high-throughput screening of high-power-factor materials, through first-principles calculation of transport properties, to training machine-learning models for identifying good thermoelectric materials.
Pi-extended hypervalent iodine macrocycles and their supramolecular assembly with Buckminsterfullerene
Authors: Pandey Krishna , Arafin Samsul , Venus Grayson , Jones Eli , Du Yachu , Pandey Mina Dumre , Awais Tahir , Wang Lichang , Plunkett Kyle N.
Published: November 2024

Hypervalent iodine based macrocycles with enlarged aromatic cores can form extended supramolecular assemblies with Buckminsterfullerene.
A kiloparsec-scale ordered magnetic field in a galaxy at z = 5.6
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Ivison R. J. , Geach James E. , Dye Simon , Liu Xiaohui , Bendo George
Published: November 2024

Magnetic fields are widely observed in various astronomical contexts, yet much remains unknown about their significance across different systems and cosmic epochs. Our current knowledge of the evolution of magnetic fields is limited by scarce observations in the distant Universe, where galaxies have recently been found to be more evolved than most model predictions. To address this gap, we conducted rest-frame 131 µm full-polarisation observations of dust emission in a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy, SPT0346-52, at ɀ = 5.6, when the Universe was only 1 Gyr old. Dust grains can become aligned with local magnetic fields, resulting in the emission of linearly polarised thermal infrared radiation. Our observations have revealed a median polarisation level of 0.9 ± 0.2% with a variation of ±0.4% across the 3 kiloparsecs extention, indicating the presence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields. The polarised dust emission is patchy, offset from the total dust emission and mostly overlaps with the [C II] emission at a velocity of about −150 km s−1. The bimodal distribution of field orientations, their spatial distribution, and the connection with the cold gas kinematics further emphasise the complexity of the magnetic environment in this galaxy and the potential role of mergers in shaping its magnetic fields. Such early formation of ordered galactic magnetic fields also suggests that both small-scale and large-scale dynamos could be efficient in early galaxies. Continued observations of magnetic fields in early galaxies, as well as expanding surveys to a wider galaxy population, are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and impact of magnetic fields in the evolving Universe.