bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sensitivity Enhanced MWCNT/PDMS Tactile Sensor Using Micropillars and Low Energy Ar+ Ion Beam Treatment
Authors: Hasan Syed , Jung Youngdo , Kim Seonggi , Jung Cho-Long , Oh Sunjong , Kim Junhee , Lim Hyuneui
Published: January 2016

High sensitive flexible and wearable devices which can detect delicate touches have attracted considerable attentions from researchers for various promising applications. This research was aimed at enhancing the sensitivity of a MWCNT/PDMS piezoresistive tactile sensor through modification of its surface texture in the form of micropillars on MWCNT/PDMS film and subsequent low energy Ar+ ion beam treatment of the micropillars. The introduction of straight micropillars on the MWCNT/PDMS surface increased the sensitivity under gentle touch. Low energy ion beam treatment was performed to induce a stiff layer on the exposed surface of the micropillar structured MWCNT/PDMS film. The low energy ion bombardment stabilized the electrical properties of the MWCNT/PDMS surface and tuned the curvature of micropillars according to the treatment conditions. The straight micropillars which were treated by Ar+ ion with an incident angle of 0° demonstrated the enhanced sensitivity under normal pressure and the curved micropillars which were treated with Ar+ ion with an incident angle of 60° differentiated the direction of an applied shear pressure. The ion beam treatment on micropillar structured MWCNT/PDMS tactile sensors can thus be applied to reliable sensing under gentle touch with directional discrimination.
The Effect of Co-Administration of Death Camas (Zigadenus spp.) and Low Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in Cattle
Authors: Welch Kevin , Green Benedict , Gardner Dale , Stonecipher Clinton , Pfister James , Cook Daniel
Published: January 2016

In many rangeland settings, there is more than one potential poisonous plant. Two poisonous plants that are often found growing simultaneously in the same location in North American rangelands are death camas (Zigadenus spp.) and low larkspur (Delphinium spp.). The objective of this study was to determine if co-administration of death camas would exacerbate the toxicity of low larkspur in cattle. Cattle dosed with 2.0 g of death camas/kg BW showed slight frothing and lethargy, whereas cattle dosed with both death camas and low larkspur showed increased clinical signs of poisoning. Although qualitative differences in clinical signs of intoxication in cattle co-treated with death camas and low larkspur were observed, there were not any significant quantitative differences in heart rate or exercise-induced muscle fatigue. Co-treatment with death camas and low larkspur did not affect the serum zygacine kinetics, however, there was a difference in the larkspur alkaloid kinetics in the co-exposure group. Overall, the results from this study suggest that co-exposure to death camas and low larkspur is not significantly more toxic to cattle than exposure to the plants individually. The results from this study increase our knowledge and understanding regarding the acute toxicity of death camas and low larkspur in cattle.
L'aménagement d'une moyenne montagne forestière : Iraty
Authors: Chadefaud Michel , Dalla-Rosa Gilbert
Published: January 2016

Grâce à des structures juridiques originales (les Commissions syndicales) et à l'apparition de nouvelles ressources (chasse à la palombe et exploitation forestière) la montagne de Soûle, dans le secteur d'Iraty, a fait l'objet d'un aménagement touristique. L'implantation, en altitude, d'un village forestier a révélé l'existence d'une clientèle particulière, mais souligne les inconvénients de toute construction dans un site vierge.
Les rapatriés d'Afrique du Nord dans l'agriculture du Tarn-et-Garonne
Authors: Toujas-Pinède Christiane
Published: January 2016

Près de six cents chefs d'exploitation, rapatriés d'Afrique du Nord, se sont réinstallés dans le Tarn-et-Garonne avec l'aide de l'État. Ils n'ont guère échappé aux inconvénients d'une insertion au demeurant urgente, dans un marché encombré et dans un milieu mal connu. Dans leur majorité, ils se révélèrent des agriculteurs émérites. Avec toute la confiance qu'ils tiraient de leur technicité, de leurs investissements et de leur organisation, beaucoup ont exploré des voies nouvelles ; les autres ont modifié les systèmes de culture en les simplifiant et en les modernisant, même lorsqu'ils gardaient des spéculations confirmées par l'expérience. Et c'est très justement que ces immigrés ont été qualifiés de nouveaux pionniers de l'agriculture du Tarn-et-Garonne, même si leur réussite a été difficilement et chèrement acquise.
Micro-Design Intervention as a Method for Social Acupuncture to Stimulate Environmental Design Consciousness in Bulgaria
Authors: Metalkova-Markova Milena
Published: January 2016

AIM: This paper aims to establish a method for a micro-design intervention as a social acupuncture used to stimulate sustainable development consciousness among young students during fieldwork in mountain and rural areas of Bulgaria.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A theoretical framework of a sustainable approach for a micro-design intervention is established on the base of the phenomenological approach of Yuhani Pallasmaa, the concept of eco-museum type of endogeneous rural development by Toshio Mitsuhashi and the design philosophy of “Rural Studio” in USA. At the Department of History and Theory of Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture there are annual summer fieldworks for students of architecture usually organized at various mountain or rural villages within the country. Students are asked to conduct research on vernacular architecture, community relationships and local cultural milieau as part of their education curricula during the second year of their studies and in the 5th year as a pre-diploma architectural practice. By means of micro-design interventions at focal public points or buildings students tried to find a way to activate people environmental consciousness and attitudes to their immediate environment. The main aim of the fieldworks was to connect research with a Design & Make approach in order to catalyze citizen participation in a fusion with an environmental education.

RESULTS: These practical experiences seek to transform the research theory of sustainable environmental design into a pragmatic strategy to strengthen environmental consciousness for young generations of students in architecture in Bulgaria. Working and living together in rural or mountain traditional environments, trying to understand and assist local people by creating micro-design interventions is one of the best ways to heighten environmental design consciousness by an immersion in the milieau of local culture and community relationships.

CONCLUSION: A socially sustainable micro-design intervention as a strategy is only possible by combining the tools of an anthropologist and a designer or in other words by finding the intersection and cross-fertilization points between the cultural values of insiders and observers.
Geografija obmejnosti in raznolikost sodobnih političnih meja // Geography of border landscapes and the differentiation of current political boundaries
Authors: Bufon Milan , Sanguin André-Louis
Published: January 2016

Obmejna območja so v zadnjih desetletjih v osredju znanstvenega zanimanja političnih geografov. Pristopi se sicer razlikujejo, pri vseh pa prevladuje interes do razmerja med prostorom ter družbo pri interpretaciji sočasno potekajočih procesov divergence in konvergence, ki povzročajo različne težnje in prakse družbenega in prostorskega ločevanja ter povezovanja. Članek daje pregled temeljnih dejavnikov in potekov tega procesa ter skuša podati, ob neki uvodni sistematizaciji obravnavane problematike, tudi pretres sodobnih pristopov in dognanj, s posebnim poudarkom na raziskovalnih rezultatih, ki sta jih avtorja razvijala pri preučevanju obmejnih razmer in čezmejnega povezovanja.Border landscapes are for decades in the heart of the scientific interest of political geographers. Approaches are different, but most of them are focusing on the relations between space and society within the context of interpretation of the contemporary processes of divergence and convergence, providing thus different trends and results of social and spatial divisions and connections. The article offers an overview of the main factors and developments regarding those processes, and tries to give in its first part a more systematic organization of the studied issues, followed by an evaluation of the current research results within the geography of border landscapes, based in particular on the research results that both authors have developed in their study of border situations and cross-border cooperation in Europe.
Geomorfološke značilnosti izbranih zatrepnih dolin v Sloveniji // Geomorphological characteristics of selected pocket valleys in Slovenia
Authors: Tičar Jure
Published: January 2016

Zatrepne doline so značilna površinska reliefna oblika izvirnega kontaktnega krasa. V članku so opisani značilni primeri zatrepnih dolin v Sloveniji. Dosedanje raziskave so se po večini ukvarjale zgolj z opredelitvijo termina, redke pa so bile študije, ki so obravnavale njihove geomorfološke značilnosti. Z obsežnim terenskim delom smo opredelili morfografske in morfometrične značilnosti zatrepnih dolin. Izvedli smo njihovo morfogenetsko interpretacijo, ki se delno opira na obstoječo literaturo, predvsem pa na sintezo geoloških, hidroloških in speleoloških podatkov ter izsledkov s terena. Ugotovili smo, da se zatrepne doline med seboj močno razlikujejo v oblikovanosti. Na njihov razvoj vplivajo kamninska sestava, prelomi, vodotoki, oblikovanost jamskih sistemov v zaledju zatrepnih dolin in raven površinske reliefne oblike, v katero se izteka zatrepna dolina.Pocket valleys are typical landforms in the outflow part of contact karst. Examples of pocket valleys were identified and geomorphologicaly examined in detail. Previous studies of pocket valleys have mostly considered the definition of pocket valleys, whereas geomorphological studies have been very rare. The morphographic and morphometric characteristics of pocket valleys were defined through detailed geomorphological examination. Morphogenetic interpretations of pocket valleys were made based in part on existing literature, but mostly based on a synthesis of geological, hydrological, and speleological data with fieldwork results. It was confirmed that the development of pocket valleys is influenced by lithology, geological structure, characteristics of water flow discharge, formation of cave systems in the rim of pocket valley, and the level of regional surface landforms that pocket valleys are located above.
Rakiški stržen: hidrogeografske značilnosti in ocena kakovostnega stanja // The Rakiški Stržen brook: hydrogeographic characteristics and water quality assessment
Authors: Kovačič Gregor , Rupnik Tina
Published: January 2016

Članek obravnava hidrogeografske značilnosti Rakiškega stržena in njegovo kakovostno stanje. Predstavljeni so rezultati meritev fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov, opravljeni s preprostim prenosnim laboratorijem na treh lokacijah v obdobju med oktobrom 2013 in junijem 2014, ki kažejo na slabšo kakovost potoka ob nizkih vodah. K obremenjevanju najbolj prispevajo prečiščene odpadne vode iz čistilne naprave Postojna ter neprečiščene odpadne vode iz Rakitnika. Kakovost občasnih kraških izvirov, ki napajajo potok ob visokih vodah, je boljša, saj razen nitratov druga onesnažila niso bila izmerjena. Pretok Rakiškega stržena v daljšem obdobju smo ocenili na 1,18, v izjemno namočenem hidrološkem letu 2014 pa na 2,5 m3/s.The article deals with hydrogeographic characteristics and water quality assessment of the Rakiški Stržen brook. Results of the measurements of physico-chemical parameters, carried out by using portable water analysis test kits in the period from mid-October 2013 to mid-June 2014 at three sampling points, are presented. The results show, that quality of the brook is low at low waters. Treated wastewaters from the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Postojna and untreated wastewaters from the Rakitnik village contribute the greatest part of the burdening of the brook. The quality of the temporal karst springs that recharge the brook at high waters is much better. With an exception of nitrates, the presence of other pollutants in the springs was not determined. We estimated the mean discharge of the Rakiški Stržen for a longer period at 1.18 m3/s. For the extraordinary wet hydrological year 2014, the discharge was estimated at 2.5 m3/s.
Prepoznavanje in prostorska razmestitev konfliktov na podeželju // Identification and spatial distribution of conflicts in rural areas
Authors: Guštin Špela , Potočnik Slavič Irma
Published: January 2016

Privlačno večfunkcijsko slovensko podeželje je hkrati tudi stičišče interesov različnih akterjev (kmetje, podjetniki, lastniki sekundarnih bivališč, okoljevarstveniki, obiskovalci, lokalna samouprava, investitorji). Medsebojna prepletenost interesov socialnih skupin in njihovih raznovrstnih zahtev oziroma pričakovanj glede rabe podeželskih virov pogosto vodi v konfliktne situacije, ki zahtevajo celostno geografsko obravnavo. Prispevek se osredotoča na prepoznavanje in prostorsko razmestitev konfliktov na podeželju Občine Izola, njihovo časovno razsežnost in vzročno-posledično povezanost na podlagi večletne analize regionalnega časopisa (2008–2014). Poznavanje interesov in konfliktov, ki nastajajo med akterji oziroma socialnimi skupinami, pomaga pri odločanju o prihodnjem razvoju in trajnostni rabi podeželskih virov.Attractive and multifunctional Slovenian rural areas often perform as a junction of various stakeholders (farmers, entrepreneurs, second home owners, environmentalists, tourists, local authorities, investors, etc.) and their interests.  Interrelations among interests of social groups and their diverse requests or expectations towards the use of rural resources very often lead into conflict situations which ask for holistic geographical analysis. The paper focuses on identification and spatial distribution of conflicts in rural areas of the Municipality of Izola (Slovenia), their spatial dimension, cause-effect connection on the basis of regional newspaper content analysis (2008–2014). Knowledge on interests and conflicts among stakeholders or social groups contributes to decision-making process on future development and sustainable use of rural resources.
Modeliranje obpotresnih pobočnih procesov v Sloveniji // Co-seismic slope processes in Slovenia
Authors: Komac Blaž
Published: January 2016

V članku predstavljamo enega od možnih metodoloških pristopov k izdelavi zemljevidov verjetnosti za nastanek obpotresnih zemeljskih plazov in skalnih podorov v Sloveniji v velikem merilu, na ravni regij ali države. Možnost njihovega nastanka smo ocenili z Newmarkovo metodo, ki obsega oceno plazovitosti z uporabo faktorja stabilnosti in kritičnega pospeška. Podornost smo ocenili z empirično enačbo. Rezultate smo primerjali z modeli plazovitosti ter s podatki o legi pobočnih procesov iz Nacionalne podatkovne baze zemeljskih plazov in obpotresnih skalnih podorov leta 1998 v Posočju. Opisali smo vpliv reliefa na lego obpotresnih pobočnih procesov z vidika njihove večje gostote v ovršjih gora, omenili pa tudi nekatere posledice, kot so prispevanje sedimentov v vodotoke in možnost njihovega zajezevanja.The article presents one of the possible methods for elaboration of probability maps for co-seismic landslides and rockfalls in Slovenia in large scale (regional and national). The probability of their triggering was assessed by the Newmark's method. The method consists of landslide risk evaluation using stability factor and critical acceleration, while rockfall risk was assessed using an empirical equation. The results were compared with landslide risk models and data on the location of slope processes obtained from the Slovenian National Landslide Database, and of co-seismic rockfalls in the Soča Valley (Posočje) in 1988. In addition, the article describes the influence of the relief on the position of co-seismic slope processes from the perspective of their increased density on mountain ridges. We also describe the main consequences of slope processes, such as their contribution to sediment deposition in water courses and the possibility of their impoundment.
Lehnjakasti kapniki v spodmolih v slovenski Istri // Tufaceous speleothems in rock shelters in Slovenian Istria
Authors: Ozis Leni , Šmuc Andrej
Published: January 2016

Apnenčaste stene spodmolov v slovenski Istri so pogosto prekrite s karbonatnimi tvorbami. Za te tvorbe so predhodno obstajale domneve, da gre za sige, naša domneva pa je, da so lehnjaki. Opravili smo raziskave tvorb na dveh lokacijah – Veli Badin in Stena v dolini Dragonje. Tvorbe smo fotografirali, izmerili in zabeležili posebnosti. V laboratoriju smo opravili petrološke, sedimentološke, mineraloške in geokemične analize tvorb. Ugotovili smo, da gre za poseben tip lehnjakov – lehnjakaste kapnike. Njihov nastanek je vezan na mikroklimatske pogoje, drugačne od tistih v jamah, na njihovo odlaganje pa vplivajo organizmi, ki preraščajo stene spodmolov. Prisotnost lehnjakov na izbranih lokacijah kaže, da spodmoli glede na morfologijo predstavljajo polodprti prostor tudi v predhodnih fazah njihovega razvoja in da tvorbe niso nastale v nekdanjih jamskih prostorih.The distinct feature of rock shelters in Slovenian Istria is that the host limestone rock is frequently overlain by freshwater calcareous deposits. These deposits were in the past described as speleothems, but our assumption was that these deposits are tufas. In our study we focused on two locations – Veli Badin and Stena in Dragonja Valley. Calcareous formations were photographed and measured in the field; an inventory of the specifics of formations was made. In the laboratory we made petrological, sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses of samples of the deposits. In contrast to previous assumptions the deposits represent a specific form of tufa – tufaceous speleothems. The formation of these tufas is related to microclimatic conditions, different from those in cave environment, and the presence of organisms, which have influence on tufa deposition. As the presence of speleothems would indicate that rock shelters are former cavities now exposed to surface by erosion, the presence of tufas corroborates the idea that rock shelters in their previous formation phases morphologically represented a semi-open space.
Geografska tipizacija Pomurja glede na občutljivost za sušo // Geographical typification of Pomurje in relation to sensitivity to drought
Authors: Kikec Tatjana
Published: January 2016

V prispevku je predstavljena geografska tipizacija Pomurja gleda na občutljivost za sušo izdelana na podlagi metode tipizacije in metode ponderiranja vplivnih dejavnikov. Na podlagi študija literature, pridobljenih podatkov in digitalnih podatkovnih slojev ter poznavanja pokrajine, smo opredelili dejavnike pojava suše na preučevanem območju. Za vsak posamezen vplivni dejavnik smo v geografskem informacijskem sistemu izdelali kartografsko podlago ter ga standardizirali, kar nam je omogočilo njihovo primerjavo. Zaradi različnega vpliva posameznih dejavnikov smo te v nadaljevanju obtežili s ponderji; sledilo je kombiniranje posameznih slojev. Rezultat je sintezni zemljevid preučevanega območja s petimi tipi glede na različno občutljivost zaradi suše.This paper presents geographical typification of Pomurje in relation to sensitivity to drought made by the use of typification method and pondering method of influential factors. Based on the literature, data acquisition, digital data layers and knowledge of the landscape, the factors of drought occurrence in the area studied were identified. For each influential factor a cartographic layer in the geographic information system was developed and standardized, which allowed comparison among the factors. Because of the different impact of individual factors, we weighted them, and afterwards combined the individual layers. The result is a synthesis map of the studied area with five types according to their different sensitivity to drought.
Understanding the implications of spatial segregation in Belfast, Northern Ireland // Razumevanje posledic prostorske segregacije v Belfastu na Severnem Irskem
Authors: Kumer Peter , Krevs Marko
Published: January 2016

The conflict in Belfast that revolves around identity and territory has strong spatial implications. This paper seeks to identify the drivers that promote spatial segregation within the city. The drivers are identified through recent research based on semi-structural interviews with members of the Catholic and Protestant communities, in-depth interviews with decision-makers, and a cartographic analysis of the contested areas. This study aims to provide recommendations to support the spatial integration of both communities and their reconciliation process.Belfastski konflikt, ki je povezan z identiteto in teritorijem, pušča pomembne posledice v prostoru. Prispevek obravnava dejavnike (gonilne sile), ki spodbujajo prostorsko segregacijo v mestu. Dejavniki so bili prepoznani na podlagi polstrukturiranih intervjujev, opravljenih s predstavniki katoliške in protestantske skupnosti, poglobljenih intervjujev z odločevalci in kartografske analize konfliktnih območij. Cilj raziskave je priprava predlogov za podporo prostorske integracije sprtih skupnosti in njune poti k spravi.
Naravne nesreče in družbena neodgovornost // Natural disasters and social irresponsibility
Authors: Zorn Matija , Komac Blaž
Published: January 2016

Številne države po svetu se srečujejo z naraščajočimi negativnimi posledicami naravnih nesreč. Škodo povečini pripisujejo podnebnim spremembam, ki naj bi vplivale na večjo pogostost in intenzivnost naravnih nesreč, ki so posledica meteoroloških in hidro-geomorfnih procesov. Toda ali so res podnebne spremembe odgovorne za vse večjo škodo, ali moremo vzroke iskati drugje? Na primeru Slovenije dokazujemo, da na naraščanje škode zaradi naravnih nesreč in nizko prožnost družbe vpliva predvsem družbena neodgovornost, ki je povezana predvsem z: neustreznim prostorskim načrtovanjem, pomanjkljivim nadzorom, nezadostno zavarovalno politiko ter škodljivim prepletom politike in kapitala.Many countries around the world are facing increasing impacts of natural disasters. This is primarily attributed to climate change, accompanied by an increase in the intensity of meteorological and hydro-geomorphological natural hazards. However, is climate change really responsible for this increased damage and low resilience, or should the cause be sought elsewhere? Based on the case of Slovenia, it is shown that social irresponsibility (e.g., inadequate spatial planning, lack of supervision, insufficient insurance policies, and a mix of politics and capital influences) is a factor more responsible than climate change for the “catastrophic” consequences of natural disasters.
Najstarejša kartografija – razvoj do antike // The oldest cartography – development up to the classical antiquity
Authors: Gašperič Primož
Published: January 2016

Človek je zgodaj razvil umetniške sposobnosti izražanja, upodabljanje ozemlja na neko podlago pa je bil eden od načinov tega izražanja. Ker je bil svet pred tisočletji še zelo »velik« in nepovezan, se védenje o Zemlji oziroma njenih delih ni prenašalo iz ene celine na drugo oziroma je bil prenos zanemarljiv. Vsaka človeška skupnost je razvila svoj način risanja ozemlja, ki je sprva temeljil na preprostih upodobitvah, kasneje pa že kartografsko bolj izoblikovanih smereh. Do antike so nastala številna kartografska dela, ki so v večini le pogojno zemljevidi, a predstavljajo nujno predhodnico kasnejšemu razvoju kartografije.Early on, man developed the artistic ability of expression. Drawing land on a specific surface constituted one of the means of this expression. Since thousands of years ago the world was still extremely “big” due to the lack of connection among individual parts, the transfer of knowledge about the Earth among different continents was (almost) non-existent. Each community developed its own unique manner of drawing maps, which at first rested on simple imagery, but later on became more cartographically distinguished. Up to the period of classical antiquity, numerous cartographic works, which can only be called maps under certain conditions, were created, all necessary to the subsequent development of cartography.
El curso superior del río más grande del sur de china como un «frente evolutivo» de plantas tropicales: evidencia del género endémico de Asia Hiptage (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Ren M. X.
Published: January 2016

El hotspot de biodiversidad en las fronteras de las provincias Guizhou-Yunnan- Guangxi es un centro de distribución de plantas tropicales en China. Se extiende por toda la cuenca alta del río Zhujiang, el mayor río del sur de China. En este artículo, se explora el papel del río en la propagación y la diversificación de las plantas tropicales en este área, usando el género endémico de Asia Hiptage Gaertn. (Malpighiaceae) como ejemplo. Se reconocen dos centros de diversidad y endemismo de Hiptage: la Península Indochina y el curso superior del río Zhujiang (UZJ). El índice de endemismo ajustado al área indica UZJ como la región más importante de distribución de especies endémicas, ya que, aunque UZJ tiene un área muy pequeña (~210.000 km2), seis de un total de siete especies son estrictamente endémicas. UZJ está situado en el extremo norte del área de distribución de Hiptage, lo que resultó principalmente de la disposición noroeste-sureste de los sistemas fluviales de UZJ, que facilitaron la expansión y diferenciación hacia el norte de este género tropical. Los paisajes de piedra caliza altamente fragmentados en esta región han contribuido al aislamiento de hábitat y pueden ser el principal factor para el origen de estas especies endémicas. Hiptage también se distingue por su sistema de polinización altamente especializado, con flores de imagen especular, lo que probablemente facilita la diversificación de las especies a través del aislamiento de la polinización. Otros estudios también encontraron que UZJ es un importante centro de diversificación de las familias de plantas tropicales Begoniaceae y Gesneriaceae. Por consiguiente, se concluye que UZJ es un «frente evolutivo» de plantas tropicales en China, lo que contribuye de manera significativa al origen y mantenimiento de la biodiversidad única en la zona.
Patrones de distribución de los bosques subtropicales perennifolios de hoja ancha del suroeste de China en comparación con aquellos de las regiones subtropicales del este de China
Authors: Tang C. Q.
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se analiza los patrones de distribución geográfica de los bosques subtropicales perennifolios de hoja ancha del suroeste de china, y se comparan con los de otras regiones subtropicales del este de China en términos de tipología de bosque, especies relevantes, y distribución espacial a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal. De manera general, los bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha de la regiones subtropicales tanto orientales como occidentales presentan dominancia de especies de Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae), Machilus, Cinnamomum (Lauraceae), Schima (Theaceae), Manglietia y Michelia (Magnoliaceae); sin embargo, mientras que en el suroeste de China hay más diversidad de tipos de bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha —húmedos, semi-húmedos, monzónicos y montanos húmedos—, en el este del país la variedad de tipos se limita a dos: monzónicos y húmedos. El área de Yunnan tiene una mayor variedad de especies dominantes de los géneros Lithocarpus, Cyclobalanopsis y Castanopsis, mientras que en este de China el género dominante es casi invariablemente Castanopsis. El límite altitudinal superior de los bosques perennifolios de hoja ancha se sitúa en 2400-2800 m para el oeste de las provincias de Yunnan y Sichuan, muy superior a lo que sucede en el este del país (entre 600 y 1500 m, aunque para Taiwan el límite alcanza los 2500 m). En último lugar se discuten los efectos medioambientales sobre la diversidad de especies vegetales de los bosques perennes de hoja ancha, y se proporcionan ejemplos de Yunnan y Taiwan.
Diversidad de orquídeas en la isla de Hainan en China: distribución y conservación
Authors: Hu X. Y. , Zhu J. , Song X. Q. , He R. X.
Published: January 2016

Las Orchidaceae se distribuyen ampliamente en muchos ecosistemas terrestres con excepción de las zonas polares y desérticas, y constituyen una suerte de «buque insignia» de la conservación biológica. Siendo como es la mayor isla tropical de China, Hainan tiene cinco formaciones vegetales de bosques tropicales, a saber, bosque monzónico caducifolio, selva tropical de tierras bajas, bosque pluvial montano, bosque siempreverde montano y bosque mesófilo de montaña. Hay 317 especies de orquídeas en la isla, incluyendo 33 endémicas, 158 epífitas, 148 terrestres y 11 especies saprófitas. La mayoría de las orquídeas, que se localizan principalmente en el centro y el sur de la isla, se distribuyen típicamente en condiciones húmedas de los bosques tropicales en las montañas a una altitud de 500 a 1500 m. El máximo nivel de endemismo también se centra en estas áreas. Las orquídeas están especialmente amenazadas por la fragmentación del hábitat debido a que crecen en pequeñas poblaciones, y la fragmentación puede bloquear el flujo de genes, lo que resulta en una menor diversidad genética. Además, debido a su valor ornamental y medicinal, muchas orquídeas son recolectadas de forma excesiva. Por lo tanto, la conservación de las orquídeas en la isla de Hainan es muy urgente. Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es determinar el patrón de distribución de las orquídeas y exponer el estado de investigación y conservación en la isla de Hainan y, además, proponer futuras estrategias de conservación.
Espacios verdes urbanos y diversidad vegetal a diferentes escalas espacio-temporales: el ejemplo de Beijing, China
Authors: Wang H. F. , López-Pujol J.
Published: January 2016

Pekín, la capital de China, es una de las urbes más pobladas y a la vez con una de las tasas de expansión urbana más rápidas del mundo. En el presente trabajo, se presentan los principales resultados tras una década de estudio de los cambios en la vegetación y diversidad vegetal urbana a lo largo de las diferentes unidades estructurales urbanas. La vegetación y la diversidad vegetal urbana se han estudiado a dos niveles: a nivel de paisaje (porcentaje de zonas verdes, grado de fragmentación) y a nivel de especie (estructura, composición y origen). En último lugar se discuten algunos aspectos relacionados con la metodología de estudio de la ecología urbana en Pekín.
Crassula ovata, una nueva especie alóctona para China continental
Authors: Wang Z. Q. , Guillot D. , López-Pujol J.
Published: January 2016

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Crassula ovata, o planta de jade, en China continental. Se han descubierto dos pequeñas poblaciones en el centro de la ciudad de Chengdu (provincia de Sichuan, oeste de China).
Intercultural Dialogue Framework for Transnational Teaching and Learning
Authors: Wang Ting
Published: January 2016

This chapter attempts to contribute to the understandings of the internationalization of higher education and the broadening of internationalization paradigms through an exploration of an intercultural dialogue (ICD) framework for transnational teaching and learning. The author highlights a shift from a traditional cross-cultural perspective which emphasizes stereotyped differences between cultures to an intercultural dialogue perspective which acknowledges dynamic interactions between hybrid cultural forces. It examines challenges for transnational higher education and discusses the underpinning theories and five key components of the ICD framework: understanding of learners and contexts, culturally sensitive pedagogy, contextualized curriculum, context-specific assessment, and supportive learning environment. The author's lived experience with transnational education is introduced as a case study against which the ICD framework for transnational teaching and learning is applied. The implications for transnational higher education and curricular and pedagogical issues are also discussed.
Overview of the U.S. Criminal Justice System and Safety Tips for International Students
Authors: Johnson Thomas C.
Published: January 2016

While most international students have a rewarding educational experience in the United States, a small percentage are arrested for criminal behavior or victimized by criminals. The author discusses safety from crime and provides safety tips to help reduce crime victimization potential. Further, since the American criminal justice system can be overwhelming, confusing, and intimidating for anyone who does not work within the system on a regular basis, this chapter provides international students and higher education officials with an overview of this system. The author also briefly discusses constitutional rights and the arrest and trial process. Finally, the author addresses some behaviors that international students should avoid to not place themselves at risk for receiving a criminal summons, citation, or arrest.
Problems of Modeling and Optimization of Heat Supply Systems
Authors: Stennikov Valery , Oshchepkova Tamara , Stennikov Nikolay
Published: January 2016

The paper addresses the issue of optimal expansion and reconstruction of heat supply systems, which includes a set of general and specific problems. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to their solving is required to obtain a technically admissible and economically sound result. Solving the problem suggests search for effective directions in expansion of a system in terms of allocation of new heat sources, their type, output; construction of new heat networks, their schemes and parameters; detection of “bottlenecks” in the system and ways of their elimination (expansion, dismantling, replacement of heat pipeline sections, construction of pumping stations). The authors present a mathematical statement of the problem, its decomposition into separate subproblems and an integrated technique to solve it. Consideration is given to a real problem solved for a real heat supply system. A set of arising problems is presented. The application of developed methodological and computational tools is shown.
Problems of Modeling and Optimization of Heat Supply Systems
Authors: Stennikov Valery , Penkovskii Andrey , Khamisov Oleg
Published: January 2016

In the chapter, one of widespread models of the organization of heat supply of consumers presented in the “Single buyer” format is considered. The scientific and methodical base for its description and research offers to accept the fundamental principles of the theory of hydraulic circuits, bi-level programming, principles of economics in the energy sector. Distinctive feature of the developed mathematical model is that it, along with traditionally solved tasks within the bilateral relations heat sources – consumers of heat, considers a network component with physics and technology properties of a heat network inherent in it, and also the economic factors connected with costs of production and transport of heat energy. This approach gives the chance to define the optimum levels of load of heat sources, providing the set demand for heat energy from consumers taking into account receiving with heat sources of the greatest possible profit and performance thus of conditions of formation of the minimum costs in heat networks during the considered time period. Practical realization of the developed mathematical model is considered by the example of the heat supply system with two heat sources, working for single heat networks. With the help of the developed model are carried plotting optimal load heat sources during the year, as well as a nomogram for determining the average tariffs for heat energy heat sources.
Engineering QoS and Energy Saving in the Delivery of ICT Services
Authors: Pieroni Alessandra , Iazeolla Giuseppe
Published: January 2016

ICT service-providers are to daily face the problem of delivering ICT services (data processing (Dp) and/or telecommunication (Tlc) services) assuring the best compromise between Quality of Service (QoS) and Energy Optimization. Indeed, any operation of saving energy involves waste in the QoS. This holds both for Dp and for Tlc services. This paper introduces models the providers may use to support their decisions in the delivery of ICT services. Dp systems totalize millions of servers all over the world that need to be electrically powered. Dp systems are also used in the government of Tlc systems, which also require Tlc-specific power, both for mobile networks and for wired networks. Research is thus expected to investigate into methods to reduce ICT power consumption. This paper investigates ICT power management strategies that look at compromises between energy saving and QoS. Various optimizing ICT power management policies are studied that optimize the ICT power consumption (minimum absorbed Watts), the ICT performance (minimum response-time), and the ICT performance-per-Watt.
Modern Optimization Algorithms and Applications in Solar Photovoltaic Engineering
Authors: Tyukhov Igor , Rezk Hegazy , Vasant Pandian
Published: January 2016

This chapter is devoted to main tendencies of optimization in photovoltaic (PV) engineering showing the main trends in modern energy transition - the changes in the composition (structure) of primary energy supply, the gradual shift from a traditional (mainly based on fossil fuels) energy to a new stage based on renewable energy systems from history to current stage and to future. The concrete examples (case studies) of optimization PV systems in different concepts of using from power electronics (particularly maximum power point tracking optimization) to implementing geographic information system (GIS) are considered. The chapter shows the gradual shifting optimization from specific quite narrow areas to the new stages of optimization of the very complex energy systems (actually smart grids) based on photovoltaics and also other renewable energy sources and GIS.
Flipped Instructional Technology
Authors: Barrons Kevin Paul
Published: January 2016

Most recently, the Flipped Classroom concept has drawn attention by educators as a means of organizational and individual competencies. The goal in the university setting is to improve cognitive practice and increase learning in the value creation process and the zone of proximal development (ZPD) environment. Seeing one experiences this newest pedagogy in “flipped classroom” design, it has changed various educational disciplines in business education due to the increase in the success in learner motivation and comprehension - based on the objectives required for course work. Educational technology has played a key role providing a catalyst in this achievement. For example: The ZPD and experiential learning are applied in the growth of specialist in the field of management information systems (MIS).
An Approach Regarding Windshield Wiper Mechanism Design
Authors: Copilusi Petre Cristian , Velișcu Viorica
Published: January 2016

This research presents the use of a computer oriented numerical approach in the characterization of a parallelogram mechanism used on automobile windscreen wipers. The aim is to perform a kinetostatic analysis for obtaining through numerical simulations the joint reaction forces for a parameterized mechanism. Based on a combination between classical methods and computer simulations using Multi-body System method, the friction forces between wipers blades and windshield will be evaluated. The obtained results add new contributions on automobile windshield wiper mechanism design and analysis.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Knee Prosthesis Model
Authors: Tarniţă Daniela , Calafeteanu Dan , Catana Marius , Geonea Ionut , Tarnita Dan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the three-dimensional geometric modeling of the knee prosthesis components using the latest generation of CAD-CAE applications as DesignModeler and SpaceClaim under Ansys Workbench software package. The mesh generation and the contact conditions are presented. The parameterized virtual models of the knee prosthesis allow different changes in shape or dimensions which can lead to the optimization of the implant and of the biomechanics of the prosthetic knee.
Virtual Methods Applied to Human Bones and Joints Re-Construction Used for Orthopedic Systems
Authors: Popa Dragos Laurentiu , Duță Alina , Tutunea Dragos , Gherghina George , Buciu Gabriel , Calin Daniel Cosmin
Published: January 2016

In the first stage of research, real bone components were analyzed to determine the main visual geometric shapes. After that, it was used a CT or MRI device to get parallel sections of studied bone components. In the third stage, the images were transferred to a 2D CAD software like AutoCAD, where the outer and inner contours of the bone were approximated by polygonal lines composed of multiple segments. To obtain virtual bones was used a parametric CAD software that allows defining models with a high degree of difficulty. The contours were transferred to a 3D CAD software, which, step by step, each section was used to define each virtual component of bone. For some components, such as vertebrae, bones of the jaw, the skull bones, was used in a preliminary model consists of curves in parallel planes. Based on this model can be defined the main curves for the final virtual 3D solid model. Also, were defined innovative orthopedic metal components as tibia nail, plates and screws or prosthetic elements. Were defined simulations to determine the behavior of the new orthopedic models through FEA method.
The Calculation of the Injection Process for a SI Engine with Electromagnetic Injectors
Authors: Blaga Vasile , Mitran Tudor , Dragomir George , Chioreanu Nicolae , Beles Horia
Published: January 2016

The objective of this paper is to solve the differential equation that determines the duration of the injection and the time constant (T). Moreover, the injection rate, the instantaneous and flow section through the injector are calculated depending on the needle’s lift.
Modal-Dynamic Analysis of the Steering Mechanism on a Vehicle
Authors: Dumitru Nicolae , Marinescu Gabriel , Roşca Adrian , Oţăt Oana
Published: January 2016

The present paper aims to identify the dynamic feedback of a steering mechanism in a vehicle, mainly under stationary conditions. The modal – dynamic analysis was established by applying two methods, the experimental method and the finite element modelling. For the experimental results concerning the proper frequencies of the steering box and of the tie rods assembly, a method of excitation with a measured and controlled linear momentum (impulse) force was implemented. The modal-based analysis aimed to measure the proper frequencies and the proper vibration modes. Therefore, the harmonic analysis obtained by using the finite element method is applied in order to determine the frequency variation diagrams of some nodes displacements, from some of the elements of the mechanism. Furthermore, the applied analysis seeks to identify the critical frequencies and the corresponding phase angles by investigating the displacements, the strains and the stresses of the mechanism elements, which correspond to critical frequencies and phase angles.
Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s Performance
Authors: Varga Bogdan Ovidiu , Iclodean Calin
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a comparative study about the performance of a classic, hybrid and electric bus by computer simulation using AVL Cruise software. The simulation tasks include main energetic, functional and dynamic parameters, over the usual city bus drive cycle. Based on the simulation results, a comparative analysis was performed for the three models of buses used for urban passenger transport. Hybrid and electric vehicles have been developed with the aim of saving energy, reducing local pollutant emissions and can be considered to offer the best short term to mid-term promise. The impact on the fuel economy generally improves by more than 50 % in urban passenger’s traffic using hybrid buses.
Study of Inductive Sensors for Automotive Applications
Authors: Tutunea Dragos , Gherghina George , Cernaianu Adrian Constantin
Published: January 2016

There is an ever increasing demand for use of inductive speed sensors in a broad range of applications. They are used in typical applications such as cam and crank shaft position/speed and wheel and turbo shaft speed measurement. This paper describes the type of inductive sensor found on vehicles and the difficulties of detecting at low speeds. In the laboratory of Mechatronics an experimental device has been done to measure the speed using an inductive speed sensor. The experimental results are satisfactory and show the possibility of the inductive sensors to be used in automotive industry.
Considerations Regarding Validation through Simulation of Some Board System Information’s for Powertrain Performance Optimization
Authors: Dumitru Ilie , Vînătoru Matei , Tutunea Dragos , Dima Alexandru
Published: January 2016

The authors present in this paper the opportunities offered by the use of software platforms (MULTISIM) in the validation of informational systems for optimizing economical consumption. So after some research (based on identification methodology system type) a physical-mathematical model can be developed that offers the possibility to optimize fuel consumption in the economy pole depending on specific correlations of operating regimes. Resulted relationships allow designing of information systems by proposing solutions which acquire information on movement speed, engine RPM in load (by determining the actual torque through correlations of exhaust gas temperature, moment and torque).Having these relationships we can design, for example, system version with discrete components or with digital system for surveillance engine operation.
Study about Improving the Quality Process Performance for a Steel Structures Components Assembly Using FMEA Method
Authors: Pascu Cristina Ileana , Paraschiv Daniel
Published: January 2016

Analysis of failure modes and effects (FMEA) is a method of analyzing the potential failure of a product or process, to develop an action plan aimed at their prevention and increased quality of products, processes and job production environments. As a method of critical analysis, FMEA has very clear objectives aimed at: determination of the weaknesses of a technical system; initiating causes of failure-seeking components; analysis environmental impacts, safety of operation, the product value; provision of corrective actions to remove the causes of the occurrence of defects; provision of a plan to improve product quality and maintenance; determining the needs of technology and modernization of production; increasing the level of communication between departments working people hierarchical levels. FMEA should be used before taking the product. There is no point subsequently, only because customer demands, to achieve FMEA. Therefore, FMEA must be within organizational conduct. Using timely analysis FMEA - Process avoid costly modifications of the technological achievement assembly "stator Housing" by identifying potential defects, avoidance and risk and potential consequences of faults. We studied the potential causes of defects and have proposed improvements. Among these are: implementing and tracking preventive maintenance program; providing specific compliance welding; acquisition of a specialized table seating and download the blank; purchasing a scarfing machine.
Studies Regarding Occupant Kinematics in the Vehicle at the Frontal and Rear Impact
Authors: Popa Virgil , Beles Horia , Tzolea Bogdan , Dragomir George , Mitran Tudor
Published: January 2016

In this paper is presented the analysis of the behavior of occupants inside a vehicle during road events, methods and means of biomechanics. Also, to analyze the behavior of the occupants were taken into account research methods impact occupant kinematics, based techniques for acquisition and processing of experimental data.