bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Text Classification Using Augmented Word Representation Based on Distributional and Relational Contexts
Authors: Parwez Md. Aslam , Fazil Mohd. , Arif Muhammad , Nafis Md Tabrez , Auwul Md. Rabiul
Published: February 2023

Due to the increasing use of information technologies by biomedical experts, researchers, public health agencies, and healthcare professionals, a large number of scientific literatures, clinical notes, and other structured and unstructured text resources are rapidly increasing and being stored in various data sources like PubMed. These massive text resources can be leveraged to extract valuable knowledge and insights using machine learning techniques. Recent advancement in neural network‐based classification models has gained popularity which takes numeric vectors (aka word representation) of training data as the input to train classification models. Better the input vectors, more accurate would be the classification. Word representations are learned as the distribution of words in an embedding space, wherein each word has its vector and the semantically similar words based on the contexts appear nearby each other. However, such distributional word representations are incapable of encapsulating relational semantics between distant words. In the biomedical domain, relation mining is a well‐studied problem which aims to extract relational words, which associates distant entities generally representing the subject and object of a sentence. Our goal is to capture the relational semantics information between distant words from a large corpus to learn enhanced word representation and employ the learned word representation for various natural language processing tasks such as text classification. In this article, we have proposed an application of biomedical relation triplets to learn word representation through incorporating relational semantic information within the distributional representation of words. In other words, the proposed approach aims to capture both distributional and relational contexts of the words to learn their numeric vectors from text corpus. We have also proposed an application of the learned word representations for text classification. The proposed approach is evaluated over multiple benchmark datasets, and the efficacy of the learned word representations is tested in terms of word similarity and concept categorization tasks. Our proposed approach provides better performance in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art GloVe model. Furthermore, we have applied the learned word representations to classify biomedical texts using four neural network‐based classification models, and the classification accuracy further confirms the effectiveness of the learned word representations by our proposed approach.
Budget-Constrained MAB for Trajectory Planning in Aerial-Aided Emergency Networks
Authors: Hosny Ramez , Hashima Sherief , Hatano Kohei , Mohamed Ehab Mahmoud , ElHalawany Basem M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce a trajectory planning algorithm (TPA) in aerial/unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) aided communications using a practical budget-constrained multiarmed bandit (BC-MAB) in disaster regions. Hence, we propose two cost-efficient TPAs based on two variants of the upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithms, namely, UCB-BC1 and UCB-BC2, via orthogonal multiple access (OMA) transmission. The former assumes prior information about the minimum expected costs, while the latter estimates the minimum costs from empirical observations. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithms outperform other benchmark schemes in terms of the total number of assisted survivors, battery consumption, and convergence speed.
N- and F-Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Coated on a Ni Foam Substrate as Current Collector for Highly Stable Li-Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Yuqi , Sung Ki-Wook , Ahn Hyo-Jin
Published: February 2023

Because of their high theoretical density, Li-air batteries (LABs) are expected to be critical components of future energy storage devices. However, the commercial use of LABs is limited by their low charge-discharge efficiency, high overpotential, and low cyclic stability. Therefore, to improve the cyclic stability of LABs, we manufactured N- and F-co-doped carbon quantum dots (NF-CQDs), thinly coated them on the surface of a Ni foam current collector via ultrasonic spray coating, and used the as-fabricated NF-CQD/Ni as the current collector of an LAB cathode. The NF-CQD/Ni-based cathode maintained remarkable cycling stability over 42 cycles (with a limited capacity was 1000 mAh/g) and exhibited a superior specific discharge capacity of approximately 5121.91 mAh/g (at 100 mA/g). NF-CQD/Ni-based cathode exhibits superior electrochemical properties, including its high cycling stability and high discharge capacity, primarily contributed by the NF-CQD coating layer, which prevented the oxidation of the Ni foam substrate and increased the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the cathode. Therefore, NF-CQD/Ni can serve as an excellent current collector for LAB cathodes.
Catch-All No More: Integrative Systematic Revision of the Genus Allolobophora Eisen, 1874 (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) with the Description of Two New Relict Earthworm Genera
Authors: Navarro Alejandro Martínez , Pinadero Sergio Jiménez , Decaëns Thibaud , Hedde Mickaël , Novo Marta , Trigo Dolores , Marchán Daniel Fernández
Published: February 2023

The taxonomy of earthworms has been riddled by instability, lack of systematically useful characters, and lax diagnoses of some genera. This has led to the use of some genera such as Allolobophora Eisen, 1874 as taxonomic wastebaskets, blurring their evolution and biogeographical history. The implementation of molecular techniques has revolutionized the systematics of the genus; however, some of its species have not been previously included in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Thus, the molecular markers COI, 16S, ND1, 12S, and 28S were sequenced for six endemic species including several taxa of Allolobophora and Aporrectodea Örely, 1885 (another related catch-all genus). Phylogenetic relationships determined by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses support the status of two of the six taxa examined (Allolobophora burgondiae Bouché, 1972 and Aporrectodea icterica Savigny, 1826) as part of Allolobophora sensu stricto and a presumed synonymy between Allolobophora and Heraclescolex Qiu and Bouché, 1998. Branch lengths and average pairwise genetic distances support the transfer of Allolobophora satchelli Bouché, 1972 to the genus Panoniona Mršić and Šapkarev, 1988 and the emergence of two new genera, Heraultia gen. nov. and Vosgesia gen. nov., endemic to France, hosting Allolobophora tiginosa Bouché, 1972 and Allolobophora zicsii Bouché, 1972, respectively. The aforementioned changes of status and the diagnosis for Heraultia and Vosgesia are presented. These results provided more evolutionarily and biogeographically coherent earthworm groups and highlighted that the Maghreb and the area around the Alps are potential key locations for the diversification of Allolobophora and several lineages of Lumbricidae.
Removal of Nitrate Nitrogen in Groundwater by Attapulgite Loaded with Nano-Zero-Valent Iron
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Tan Yunfeng , Zu Bo , Zhang Xiaotian , Zheng Chunli , Lin Zishen , He Fei , Chen Kejun
Published: February 2023

Nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be used to remove nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) from groundwater. However, it has low reduction efficiency owing to its oxidation and aggregation characteristics. Thus, nZVI-loaded material is used to alleviate these drawbacks. In this study, nZVI-coated attapulgite (ATP) was prepared for the removal of NO3-N from groundwater. ATP-nZVI was prepared using the chemical liquid deposition-coreduction method. The prepared materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses, which confirmed that the aluminum silicate particles in the ATP structure are effective carriers of nZVI and effectively inhibit self-consumption caused by the oxidation and aggregation of nZVI. The batch experiments examined experimental samples containing 30 mg/L nitrate and analyzed the effects of various parameters, including the material, mass ratio, initial pH, initial temperature, and coexisting anions on the NO3-N removal efficiency. The results showed that the optimal removal rate of the composite was 78.61%, which is higher than that using the same amount of ATP, iron powder, and nZVI. When the mass ratio of ATP to nZVI was 1 : 1, the NO3-N removal efficiency was the highest. When the pH value increased from 3 to 9, the NO3-N removal rate decreased, while an increase in the reaction temperature promoted NO3-N removal. The order of the inhibitory effect of coexisting anions on NO3-N removal by various nanoions was PO4 3–>CO3 2–>SO4 2–>Cl–. The adsorption kinetic model fitting results indicated that the chemisorption of electron exchange between ATP and nZVI in NO3-N removal was the main rate-limiting step in the reaction. This study demonstrates the potential of the prepared ATP-nZVI composite for NO3-N removal from groundwater.
Study of Friction and Wear Behavior of Graphene-Reinforced AA7075 Nanocomposites by Machine Learning
Authors: Prasanth I. S. N. V. R. , Jeevanandam Prabahar , Selvaraju P. , Sathish K. , Hasane Ahammad S. K. , Sujatha P. , Kaarthik M. , Mayakannan S. , Sasikumar Bashyam
Published: February 2023

In this research, the friction and wear of AA7075 nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and graphite were studied. Graphene’s inclusion dramatically enhanced the material’s mechanical characteristics, friction, and wear resistance. AA7075 is strengthened with less graphene, and AA7075, reinforced with more graphite, exhibits similar wear and friction behavior. Wear rate and coefficient of friction predictions for AA7075-graphene nanocomposites were made using five machine learning (ML) regression models. ML simulations reveal that the wear and friction of AA7075-graphene composites are most sensitive to the proportion of graphene presence, the loadings, and the hardness.
The Influence of the Load Type on the Center Frequency Tuning of the Variable-Flux Biaxial Energy Harvester
Authors: El-Rayes Karim , Gabran Salam , Melek William
Published: February 2023

The variable-flux biaxial energy harvester

V
B
H

is a novel vibration energy harvester

V
E
H

architecture in which a ferromagnetic mass moves against an assembly of a coil and a stationary permanent magnet. The varying flux lines induce potential differences across the coil terminals. Unlike conventional VEHs, the center frequency of the VBH can be tuned by mechanical, electronic, or electromagnetic mechanisms to maximize the generated power. In this research, we demonstrate the impact of two types of loads, purely resistive and complex RC loads, on the harvester center frequency. We also demonstrate a mechanism that utilizes RC load to tune the center frequency of the VBH. In comparison to conventional purely resistive loads, the introduced capacitive load allows control of the total VBH stiffness and, accordingly, modulates the center frequency and eliminates the need for mechanical pretuning of the VBH center frequency.
Chimonanthus nitens Oliv Polysaccharides Modulate Immunity and Gut Microbiota in Immunocompromised Mice
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tang Yantian , Cai Lei , He Jing , Chen Lingli , Ouyang Kehui , Wang Wenjun
Published: February 2023

To investigate the immunomodulatory activities of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv polysaccharides (COP1), an immunosuppressive mouse model was generated by cyclophosphamide (CY) administration and then treated with COP1. The results demonstrated that COP1 ameliorated the body weight and immune organ (spleen and thymus) index of mice and improved the pathological changes of the spleen and ileum induced by CY. COP1 strongly stimulated the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α) of the spleen and ileum by promoting the mRNA expressions. Furthermore, COP1 had immunomodulatory activity by increasing several transcription factors (JNK, ERK, and P38) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Related to the above immune stimulatory effects, COP1 positively affected the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the expression of ileum tight junction (TJ) protein (ZO-1, Occludin-1, and Claudin-1), upregulated the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the ileum and microbiota diversity and composition, and improved intestinal barrier function. This study suggests that COP1 may provide an alternative strategy for alleviating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
KNSTRN, a Poor Prognostic Biomarker, Affects the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Outcomes in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Liao Yanxia , Liu Chengdong , Liu Li , Zhou Xiaohan
Published: February 2023

Kinetochore-localized astrin- (SPAG5-) binding protein (KNSTRN) is mainly involved in mitosis. Somatic mutations in KNSTRN are known to lead to the occurrence and development of certain tumors. However, the role of KNSTRN in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) as a tumor prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target has not been clarified. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of KNSTRN in the TIME. mRNA expression, cancer patient prognosis, and correlations between KNSTRN expression and immune component infiltration were analyzed using Genotype-Tissue Expression, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Human Protein Atlas, ImmuCellAI, TIMER2.0, and KM-Plotter. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was used to evaluate the relationship between KNSTRN expression and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of several anticancer drugs, and gene set variation analysis was performed. Data were visualized using R version 4.1.1. KNSTRN expression was upregulated in the majority of cancers and was associated with a worse prognosis. Additionally, KNSTRN expression was highly correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune components in the TIME and was related to a poor prognosis in tumor patients receiving immunotherapy. KNSTRN expression was also positively correlated with the IC50 of various anticancer drugs. In conclusion, KNSTRN may be a significant prognostic biomarker and promising target for oncotherapy in numerous cancers.
Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the Biological Behavior of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (hAD-MSCs)
Authors: Ling Li , Shu Han , Huang Yubin , Hou Jiying , Hua Yuanyuan
Published: February 2023

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from ginseng with various pharmacological effects, which might facilitate the biological behavior of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hAD-MSCs). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Rg1 on the biological behavior, such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine, of hAD-MSCs. hAD-MSCs were isolated from human amnions. The effects of Rg1 on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine of hAD-MSCs were detected by CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, SA-β-Gal staining, wound healing, and ELISA assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated using flow cytometry. We found that Rg1 promoted hAD-MSC cycle progression from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases and significantly increased hAD-MSC proliferation rate. Rg1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in hAD-MSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling significantly downregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2, prevented cell cycle progression, and reduced hAD-MSC proliferation induced by Rg1. hAD-MSC senescence rate was significantly increased by D-galactose, while the elevated hAD-MSC senescence rate induced by D-galactose was significantly decreased by Rg1 treatment. D-galactose significantly induced the expressions of senescence markers, p16INK4a, p14ARF, p21CIP1, and p53 in hAD-MSCs, while Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of those markers induced by D-galactose in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 significantly promoted the secretion of IGF-I in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 reduced the hAD-MSC apoptosis rate. However, the difference was not significant. Rg1 had no influence on hAD-MSC migration. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Rg1 can promote the viability, proliferation, and paracrine and relieve the senescence of hAD-MSCs. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in the promotive effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC proliferation. The protective effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC senescence may be achieved via the downregulation of p16INK4A and p53/p21CIP1 pathway.
Toxicity Profiling and Antihyperuricemic Activity of Goubion: A Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Sadia Halima , Naveed Safila , Rehman Hina , Usman Rafia , Qamar Fatima , Yasmeen Sidra , Sana Aisha , Mughal Mahrukh , Asif Saima , Razzaq Ghulam
Published: February 2023

The objective of the present study was to determine the acute and subacute toxicity profile of a polyherbal formulation called “Goubion” in addition to the in vivo antihyperuricemic study using fructose‐induced hyperuricemia. Goubion is a combination of Colchicum autumnale (tuber), Tribulus terresteris (fruit), Vitex negundo (leaves), Smilax chinensis (root), Glycyrrhiza glabra (root), and Curcuma amada (rhizome). The acute toxicity study revealed no signs of mortality and morbidity at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. Similarly, the results of the subacute repeated dose toxicity study exhibited no signs of mortality at any of the doses. However, significant changes in hematological, biochemical, and renal parameters were recorded at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Antihyperuricemic activity was tested at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of Goubion, respectively against 5 mg/kg Allopurinol. Based on the antihyperuricemic study, we infer that the Goubion has a significant hypouricemic action, as it remarkably decreased the elevated uric acid levels. The results also suggest the potential inhibitory capability of Goubion on xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase might be the mechanism behind the hypouricemic effect.
Correlation Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Drug Resistance and Virulence Factors with Blood Cell Counts and Coagulation Indexes
Authors: Wei Jing , Ma Kaihui , Zhang Yuan , Yang Xincheng , Tang Qiao , Nie Zhenlin
Published: February 2023

Objective. The influence of different Staphylococcus aureus variants on blood cells and coagulation system was evaluated by investigating the carrying status of drug resistance genes and virulence genes of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Methods. A total of 105 blood culture-derivedStaphylococcus aureus strains were collected. The carrying status of drug resistance genes mecA and three virulence genes tst, pvl, and sasX was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The changes in routine blood routine counts and coagulation indexes of patients infected with different strains were analyzed. Results. The results showed that the positive rate of mecA was consistent with that of MRSA. Virulence genes tst and sasX were detected only in MRSA. Compared with MSSA, patients infected with MRSA or MSSA patients infected with virulence factor, leukocyte count and neutrophil count in peripheral blood were significantly increased, and the platelet count decreased to a higher degree. Part thromboplastin time increased, D-dimer increased, but fibrinogen content decreased more. The changes of erythrocyte and hemoglobin had no significant correlation with whether Staphylococcus aureus carried virulence genes. Conclusion. The detection rate of MRSA in patients with positive Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture had exceeded 20%. The detected MRSA bacteria carried three virulence genes, tst, pvl, and sasX, which were more likely than MSSA. MRSA, which carries two virulence genes, is more likely to cause clotting disorders.
Methylation Signature Implicated in Immuno-Suppressive Activities in Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chen , Block Matthew S. , Cunningham Julie M. , Sherman Mark E. , McCauley Bryan M. , Armasu Sebastian M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Traficante Nadia ,   for the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Talhouk Aline , Ramus Susan J. , Pejovic Nadja , Köbel Martin , Jorgensen Brooke D. , Garsed Dale W. , Fereday Sian , Doherty Jennifer A. , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Anglesio Michael S. , Widschwendter Martin , Pejovic Tanja , Bosquet Jesus Gonzalez , Bowtell David D. , Winham Stacey J. , Goode Ellen L.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Better understanding of prognostic factors in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is critical, as diagnosis confers an aggressive disease course. Variation in tumor DNA methylation shows promise predicting outcome, yet prior studies were largely platform-specific and unable to evaluate multiple molecular features.

Methods:

We analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in 1,040 frozen HGSC, including 325 previously reported upon, seeking a multi-platform quantitative methylation signature that we evaluated in relation to clinical features, tumor characteristics, time to recurrence/death, extent of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), gene expression molecular subtypes, and gene expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter TAP1.

Results:

Methylation signature was associated with shorter time to recurrence, independent of clinical factors (N = 715 new set, hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–2.46; P = 0.015; N = 325 published set HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.17–3.81; P = 2.2 × 10−13) and remained prognostic after adjustment for gene expression molecular subtype and TAP1 expression (N = 599; HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.66–2.95; P = 4.1 × 10−8). Methylation signature was inversely related to CD8+ TIL levels (P = 2.4 × 10−7) and TAP1 expression (P = 0.0011) and was associated with gene expression molecular subtype (P = 5.9 × 10−4) in covariate-adjusted analysis.

Conclusions:

Multi-center analysis identified a novel quantitative tumor methylation signature of HGSC applicable to numerous commercially available platforms indicative of shorter time to recurrence/death, adjusting for other factors. Along with immune cell composition analysis, these results suggest a role for DNA methylation in the immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Impact:

This work aids in identification of targetable epigenome processes and stratification of patients for whom tailored treatment may be most beneficial.
Rosuvastatin Potentiates Gonadotropin-Lowering Effects of Metformin in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Metformin reduces elevated levels of FSH and LH. In some studies, gonadotroph secretory function was inhibited by statins. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether statin therapy modulates the impact of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study population included 60 postmenopausal women with prediabetes, 40 of whom, because of high cardiovascular risk, received rosuvastatin (20–40 mg daily). One group of rosuvastatin-treated women (group A, n = 23) and all statin-naïve patients (group B, n = 20) were matched for age, glucose homeostasis markers, and gonadotropin levels. Over the entire study period (6 months), these women received metformin. The third group (group C) included 17 rosuvastatin-treated women refusing metformin treatment. We assessed baseline and follow-up plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, and concentrations of FSH, LH, thyrotropin, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin-like growth factor-1, estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (in selected patients). Results: Fifty-three women (18 in groups A and B and 17 in group C) completed the study. At study entry, rosuvastatin-treated and statin-naïve women differed in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and ACTH. In statin-naïve women, metformin reduced FSH levels and tended to reduce LH levels. In rosuvastatin-treated women, metformin decreased FSH and LH levels, and both effects were stronger than in statin-naïve women. Although observed in both groups, the impact on glucose homeostasis markers was more pronounced in individuals not receiving statin therapy. Metformin treatment did not affect circulating levels of lipids, thyrotropin, prolactin, ACTH, insulin-like growth factor-1, estradiol, and anti-Müllerian hormone. In group C, plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, and hormone levels remained at a similar level throughout the study period. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that statin therapy may enhance gonadotropin-lowering effects of metformin.
Correlation of Renal Oxygenation with Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Preliminary Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Yizeng , Yang Jing , Lu Fang , Ye Chaoyang , Wang Chen
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Chronic hypoxia is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) provides noninvasive evaluation of renal oxygenation. This study aimed to explore the correlation of renal oxygenation evaluated by BOLD-MRI with renal function. Methods: 97 non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 1–5 and healthy volunteers (HVs) were recruited in the study, all participants without diabetes. Based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into two groups: CKD stages 1–3 (CKD 1–3) and CKD stages 4–5 (CKD 4–5). We measured cortical and medullary T2* (COT2* and MET2*) values in all participants by BOLD-MRI. Physiological indices were also recorded and compared among three groups. Correlation of T2* values with clinical characteristics was determined. Results: The COT2* values were significantly higher than MET2* values in all participants. The COT2* and MET2* values of three groups were ranked as HV > CKD 1–3> CKD 4–5 (p < 0.0001). There were positive correlations between the COT2* values, MET2* values and eGFR, hemoglobin (r > 0.4, p < 0.01). The 24-h urinary protein (24-h Upr) showed weak correlation with the COT2* value (rs = −0.2301, p = 0.0265) and no correlation with the MET2* value (p > 0.05). Urinary microprotein, including urinary alpha1-microglobulin, urinary beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP), showed strong correlation with COT2* and MET2* values. According to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut-points between HV and CKD 1–3 were “<61.17 ms” (sensitivity: 91.23%, specificity: 100%) for COT2* values and “<35.00 ms” (sensitivity: 77.19%, specificity: 100%) for MET2* values, whereas COT2* values (“<47.34 ms”; sensitivity: 90.00%, specificity: 92.98%) and MET2* values (“<25.09 ms”; sensitivity: 97.50%, specificity: 80.70%) between CKD 1–3 and CKD 4–5. Conclusion: The decline of renal oxygenation reflected on T2* values, especially in cortex, may be an effective diagnostic marker for early detection of CKD.
Como se constrói uma casa: moving and interactive typography in digital and audio-visual environments
Authors: Martins Alexandre Catarino Oliveira , Silva Bruno Mendes da
Published: February 2023

This study aims to briefly analyze the semantic and aesthetic role of the written word and typography between the end of the 19th century and the present, paying particular attention to its perception and use in audiovisual and digital systems. Analyzing a wide range of periods, works, and artists, we aim to understand the potential of typography in the contemporary artistic discourse and explore the visual, dynamic, and interactive components in modern and contemporary typography. This study also aims to find new possibilities for using typography as an artistic component in a computational and videographic system. We will show one of our first experimental works in this field, a short stop-motion film we developed to assess original ways of converging text, image, and movement in an audio-visual and digital environment.
Eye tracking: from affect to visual concept
Authors: Palazuelos Felix Rebolledo
Published: February 2023

Based on the classic eye tracking experiments of Russian psychologist Alfred L. Yarbus, which sought to determine visual attention by measuring eye position and eye movement, our paper posits an embodied empirical foundation for cognition, based on the Bergsonian concept of the image, contra the still widely-held, full-frame photographic conception of vision. Coupled to the thought of Spinoza, James, Bergson, Simondon, and Deleuze and Guattari, we aim to produce a speculative model of visual perception that harmonizes affective metaphysics with the production of concepts through vision.
Comunicación, cambio social y realidad virtual: análisis de ambientes inmersivos en procesos de formación de comunicadores sociales y periodistas
Authors: Martínez Laura Melina , Vivas Sergio Alvarado
Published: February 2023

La realidad virtual, como parte de las infraestructuras claves señaladas por Pierre Levy no solo ha facilitado contenidos creados por grandes marcas comerciales (videojuegos, medios masivos, cine) sino que además posibilita que la ciudadanía se transforme en prosumidora junto a un smartphone de gama media. Este artículo analiza un conjunto de siete recorridos inmersivos en fotografía 360° creados por estudiantes colombianos de Comunicación social y periodismo entre 2017 y 2021, "Creatividades amateurs 360" y "Humana Fragilitas", narrativas inmersivas de realidad virtual con escenarios de creación colaborativa.
Imaginación artificial y neobarroco
Authors: Domènech Josep Maria Català
Published: February 2023

Cuando Calabrese acuñó el concepto de neobarroco, no imaginaba que la tendencia barroca de la visualidad contemporánea desembocaría en el poshumanismo. Más allá de la Inteligencia Artificial, aparece ahora la posibilidad de una Imaginación Artificial, impulsada por nuevos dispositivos generadores de imágenes a partir de textos. Se actualiza, pues, la relación entre texto e imagen que planteó el Barroco con las imágenes emblemáticas, lo que lleva a preguntarnos si, como afirma Braidotti, es factible un conocimiento posthumano humanamente complejo y por qué vías alcanzarlo.
Pressupostos para uma experiência cinemática expandida
Authors: Tavares Mirian , Cassitas Rita
Published: February 2023

Neste artigo, propomos analisar As Horas (Daldry, EUA, 2002) com objetivo de explorar potenciais interações e uma possível expansão dos conteúdos do filme através da utilização da RA (Realidade Aumentada). No filme, a personagem-leitora exibe o pensamento da personagem-escritora, Virginia Woolf, em seu núcleo espaço-temporal, enquanto a personagem-editora parece encenar o romance que Woolf escreveu antes de morrer, Mrs. Dalloway (Woolf, 1925, UK). Acreditamos que as múltiplas camadas do filme podem ser aprofundadas e expandidas por meio do recurso à RA. Propomos novas articulações do/no filme com o intuito de explorar toda a sua potencial intermidialidade, criando uma experiência de cinema expandido.
Petrologia e geocronologia dos stocks Mocambo e Frutuoso, Domínio Macururé, Sistema Orogênico Sergipano
Authors: Oliveira Illana Rocha , Menezes Asayuki Rodrigues de , Rosa Maria de Lourdes da Silva , Conceição Herbet
Published: February 2023

Os stocks Mocambo e Frutuoso têm área de 3 km2, possuem formas alongadas, ocorrem intrusivos em rochas metassedimentares da porção centro-leste do Domínio Macururé nas quais provoca metamorfismo de contato. O stock Mocambo é composto de quartzo-dioritos e quartzo-monzodioritos. O stock Frutuoso é formado por quartzo-dioritos porfiríticos. Os quartzo-dioritos e quartzo-monzodioritos apresentam foliação magmática NE-SW paralela à foliação metamórfica regional. Os dados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que esses stocks tenham sido intrusivos em estágio cedo a sincrônico à deformação regional. O stock Mocambo tem idade de cristalização de 614 ± 7 Ma (U-Pb, Shrimp). Enclaves microgranulares dioríticos são presentes nos dois stocks, e as estruturas e texturas indicam interação entre magmas máfico e félsico. As análises petrográficas e químicas em minerais permitiram identificar a presença de oligoclásio, albita, biotita primária reequilibrada, tschermaquita, Mg-hornblenda, epídoto, allanita, ilmenita e magnetita. A cristalização magmática do anfibólio cálcico foi a ~29 km (8 kbar) sob condições oxidantes. As rochas estudadas apresentam afinidade shoshonítica, são magnesianas e podem estar relacionadas a magmas hidratados e oxidantes gerados em um ambiente orogênico. As semelhanças geoquímicas entre os dois stocks indicam que eles são cogenéticos. Os dados químicos evidenciam que as rochas dos stocks Mocambo e Frutuoso apresentam assinaturas geoquímicas de rochas potássicas geradas pelo manto em ambiente de arco continental, com contribuição de manto astenosférico dada a quebra da placa oceânica descendente.
Os coletivos universitários não brancos e a nova universidade brasileira: Avaliando os 10 anos de lei de cotas no Brasil
Authors: Mateus Diana Paola Gómez , Gomes Varjão João Victtor
Published: February 2023

É com grande satisfação que apresentamos o segundo número do volume 31 da Revista Cadernos de Campo, a revista das alunas e dos alunos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade de São Paulo (PPGAS/USP). Uma publicação semestral que traz contribuições ao campo da antropologia desde 1991. Neste volume, apresentamos o dossiê “Ações afirmativas e políticas do conhecimento: avaliando 10 anos da lei de cotas nas universidades públicas brasileiras” organizados por José Batista Franco Junior e Thiago de Lima Oliveira. Os editores convidaram coletivos e grupos de estudantes não brancos, organizados para refletir sobre sua trajetória e as estratégias adotadas para monitorar, promover e ampliar o ingresso e permanência de pessoas negras e indígenas em suas interseccionalidades. Os trabalhos compilados neste dossiê comemoram e refletem sobre os avanços em termos de inclussão na universidade pública, a partir de uma posição crítica que analisa o contexto onde se dão essas políticas, observando o que pode ser feito para avançar no acesso e na permanência de estudantes negros e indígenas, com ênfase na Antropologia. Como resultados, foram produzidos artigos e ensaios originais, bem como um texto para seção Conjuntura, um ensaio fotográfico para a seção Quimeras e duas entrevistas sobre a temática.
Conocybe karakensis sp. nov. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
Authors: ULLAH TAUSEEF , ULLAH KHETAB , SABA MALKA , SHAH FAHIM HUSSAIN
Published: February 2023

This research presents a new species in the genus Conocybe collected from the tropical semi-arid District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Morphological features, and DNA barcoding marker (ITS-region) were used for the systematic placement of Conocybe karakensis. The present species is characterized by having a medium-sized fruiting body, semi-ovate, orange-colored pileus, free, spaced, and regular lamellae with a central, light brown stipe, thick-walled, oblong basidiospores and clavate shaped, tetra-sterigamtic basidia. Molecularly, initial Blast analysis and the phylogenetic analyses showed that Pakistani collection is closely related to Conocybe velutipes. In the phylogenetic tree, ITS sequences of Pakistani collection clustered in a separate clade sister to Conocybe velutipes. This study provides full description, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses to distinguish this novel taxon from its closest relatives.
Pilea bradei (Urticaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: SOARES JÚLIA FIALHO , MIOTTO SILVIA TERESINHA SFOGGIA
Published: February 2023

Pilea bradei is described as a new species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome, with records in Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra da Bocaina, Southeastern Brazil. Of the species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome that do not have trichomes and that present punctiform, linear, or fusiform cystoliths (and not cystoliths of other shapes), P. bradei is the only one that has fusiform cystoliths over the veins and other parts of the abaxial surface (vs. linear or fusiform cystoliths absent or only over the veins). The description is accompanied by a preliminary extinction threat assessment according to IUCN Red List categories and criteria, which classifies Pilea bradei as Endangered (EN). We also provide an updated checklist and a key for Pilea species from the Atlantic Forest Biome circumscribed to Southeastern Brazil.
Redescription of Acanthochitona mahensis Winckworth, 1927 (Polyplacophora, Acanthochitonidae) from Indian Coasts
Authors: THOMAS LIJU , ANSEEUW BRUNO , RANJEET KUTTY  , PARAMBIL SOORAJ KANDATHIL
Published: February 2023

A redescription of the chiton species Acanthochitona mahensis collected from the type locality is provided and its holotype is studied. This species has been previously recorded from the coasts of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Eritrea, and Jordan. It is compared with similar species (Acanthochitona biformis, A. jugotenuis, A. intermedia, A. leopoldi, A. penicillata and A. woodwardi). In India, the species has been reported from the mainland and Andaman Islands. New distributional records from the coast of India are also provided.
New species and distributional records of the genus Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Broscinae) from Fujian, China
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: February 2023

A new species of the genus Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846 is described from Fujian Province, China. New distributional records of Broscosoma guoliangi Jiang, Liu & Wang, 2021 are added. Distributional map of known Broscosoma species from Fujian Province and the key to Broscosoma species from Southeast China are also provided.
Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: A new species of Itauara Müller 1888 and new distributional records for species of Protoptila Banks 1904
Authors: NETO JAIME DE LIEGE GAMA , PASSOS MAHEDY ARAUJO BASTOS
Published: February 2023

A new species of caddisfly, Itauara marcellina sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Roraima state in northern Brazil. This new species is characterized by features of the male genitalia. The dorsolateral processes of tergum X, in dorsal view, are horn-like and the phallicata has a medial pair of membranous, rounded, lateral flanges projecting posteroventrad. Protoptila ctenacantha Flint 1974 is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Protoptila condylifera Flint 1971, Protoptila flexispina Flint 1971, Protoptila simplex Flint 1971, and Protoptila trispicata Flint 1971 are recorded for the first time from Roraima state, Brazil.
Longitudinal Vibrations of Restrained Irregular Nanoplates
Authors: Musa Awad Widaa
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this work is to examine how surface irregularity affects the longitudinal vibration frequency of nanoplates. Based on the Kirchhoff plate model, the boundary conditions and governing equations are developed. The MATLAB R2013a Software is utilized to carry out the
numerical solutions, and an accurate solution is shown. We derive a novel equation of motion as well as a new frequency equation. Examined is how several factors, such as thickness, stiffness, and surface irregularity, affect the longitudinal vibration of nanoplates. The studies revealed that
from large to small irregularity parameters, the longitudinal natural frequencies of nanoplate increase. Additionally, it has been discovered that increasing the thickness of nanoplates is preferred for enhancing their vibration stability.
Pulmonary Image Recognition and Respiratory Feature Analysis Under Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ruan Xiao-Hu , Huang Hai
Published: February 2023

It was to study the recognition performance of the fusion of neural network and genetic algorithm for pulmonary images, and to realize the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases by recognizing the respiratory sound signals. Pulmonary computerized tomography (CT) images were selected as the
data base, and the genetic algorithm was applied to achieve fast global optimal search. On the combination of neural network and genetic algorithm, an improved genetic intelligent algorithm model was put forward. The simulation experiments were performed to compare the performances such as
the algorithmic rate, accuracy, and sensitivity, so as to verify the superiority of the model. Then, the proposed algorithm was used to verify its effectiveness by collecting the respiratory sound signals of related diseases. The genetic algorithm could not only obtain the global optimal solution,
but also greatly shorten the calculation time. With the pulmonary CT images, the complete segmentation of the pulmonary airways and the recognition of pulmonary images could be achieved. The algorithm could effectively recognize respiratory sound signals of health people and patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and pneumonia. Its accuracy reached 0.943, with a precision of 0.921 and a recall rate of 0.931. It allowed to achieve the goal of diagnosing pulmonary diseases by respiratory sound signals. The fusion of neural network and genetic algorithm could
realize pulmonary image recognition, and the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases could also be diagnosed through the feature analysis of respiratory sound signals.
Analysis and Research on Bit Rigidity of Carbon Fiber Composite Vibration Drilling
Authors: Lin Wei , Lu Zhiyi , Yang Fengshuang , Li Qinghua , Cao Bingqian , Yin Chunmei
Published: February 2023

To explore the effect of vibration drilling on bit rigidity, the motion characteristics of the bit during vibration drilling were analyzed theoretically. According to the change of the minimum cutting thickness hmin, the bit rigidity theory was deduced, and the bit
rigidity theory was verified by the drilling test of Carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aluminum alloy laminated structure. The experimental results show that; Compared with ordinary drilling, the machining accuracy of upper and lower aperture in vibration drilling is increased by 46.6% and 28.5%
respectively, which makes the bit rigid and improves the stability and drilling accuracy.
Risk Factors and Early Outcomes for Gastrointestinal Complications in Patients Undergoing Open Surgery for Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Liu Shuo , Ma Jun , Gao Junwei , Zhang Liang , Liu Wenjun , Lin Duomao , Yang Zhanmin
Published: February 2023

Background

Gastrointestinal complications need to be paid more attention, especially in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors and short-term outcomes of gastrointestinal complications after open surgery for type A aortic dissection.

Methods

A retrospective single-institutional study including patients who underwent open surgery for type A aortic dissection during 2012-2020 was conducted. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors associated with gastrointestinal complications. The related clinical outcomes were compared between the patients with and without gastrointestinal complications.

Results

Among the 2746 patients, 150 developed gastrointestinal complications. The development of gastrointestinal complications contributed to the higher rate of mortality ( P = .008), longer stay in the intensive care unit ( P < .001), and longer hospital stay ( P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.020; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.005-1.057; P = .011), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification greater than grade III (OR 1.724; 95%CI 1.179-2.521, P = .005), pre-induction mean arterial pressure (OR 0.978; 95%CI 0.965-0.990, P = .001), aortic cross-clamp time (OR 1.012; 95%CI 1.005-1.019, P = .001), cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR 1.007; 95%CI 1.002-1.011, P = .002), and intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells (OR 1.214; 95%CI 1.122-1.314, P = .001) were independent risk factors for gastrointestinal complications.

Conclusions

The incidence of gastrointestinal complications after open surgery for type A aortic dissection was 5.5%, resulting in increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. It is necessary to take suitable strategies to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications.
Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences from South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Wang T.Y.
Published: February 2023

The coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has dramatically disrupted the global community, causing more than 6 million deaths worldwide and changing daily lifestyles for billions. Two Asian countries, South Korea and Taiwan, have been able to maintain low rates of infections and fatality. Five articles are collected in this special section to examine their successful experiences and the challenges they faced.
Chronologic Changes in the Elastic Modulus of a Healing Achilles Tendon Rupture Measured Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Morikawa Daichi , Maruyama Yuichiro , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: February 2023

Background:

Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been used to examine the elasticity of a ruptured Achilles tendon; however, the healing process of a ruptured tendon has not been studied yet. This study aimed to detail the change in mechanical properties of a healing Achilles tendon rupture managed conservatively or surgically using SWE.

Methods:

Using a prospective cohort study design, we evaluated the patients treated conservatively (conservative group) and surgically (surgical group) with the “gift-box” technique for an isolated index acute Achilles tendon rupture during their healing process. SWE measurements were taken of both the injured and uninjured sides every 4 weeks up to 24, 36, and 48 weeks after treatment. Additionally, tendon thickness and power Doppler (PD) grade were measured at the same time points as SWE measurements. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot rating system score and Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) were compared at 24 and 48 weeks.

Results:

The ruptured Achilles tendon obtained an SWE value comparable with the unruptured side at 12 weeks in the conservative group and at 4 weeks with surgical group. The surgical group had significantly higher SWE values up to 24 weeks compared with the conservative group. Additionally, this group had a significantly larger increase in tendon thickness in nearly all periods. Both treatment groups were comparable regarding the PD grade, AOFAS score, and ATRS.

Conclusion:

SWE is a convenient noninvasive method to determine the progress of the healing process after tendon injury. Our analysis using SWE has revealed the detailed chronologic changes in SWE values and related mechanical properties of a healing Achilles tendon rupture, which can be used for devising appropriate rehabilitation protocols.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective cohort study.