bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Begriffliche und konzeptionelle Grundlagen
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo
Published: May 2022

Der Begriff ‚Stress‘ kommt aus dem Englischen und lässt sich mit ‚Anspannung‘ oder ‚Druck‘ übersetzen. Er beschreibt einen subjektiv unangenehmen Zustand, in dem ebenjene Anspannung bzw. jener Druck empfunden wird.In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird in der Regel zwischen Stressoren und Stressreaktionen unterschieden, die in der Alltagssprache häufig vermischt und unter dem Begriff ‚Stress‘ zusammengefasst verwendet werden.
Implikationen für die quantitative Studie
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo
Published: May 2022

Der empirische Forschungsprozess der vorliegenden Arbeit setzt sich aus einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen personenzentrierten Analyse zusammen (vgl. 3.2.3). Dieses Kapitel dient zur ersten Evaluation der empirischen Vorüberlegungen, die in den Abschnitten 3.2.1 bis 3.2.3 zusammengentragen wurden, vor dem Hintergrund der Erkenntnisse aus der vorangehenden Analyse in Kapitel 4. Dabei soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob und inwiefern Anpassungen des weiteren Forschungsprozesses nötig sind
Factorization connecting continuum & lattice TMDs
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Schindler Stella T. , Stewart Iain W. , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) can be studied from first principles by a perturbative matching onto lattice-calculable quantities: so-called lattice TMDs, which are a class of equal-time correlators that includes quasi-TMDs and TMDs in the Lorentz-invariant approach. We introduce a general correlator that includes as special cases these two Lattice TMDs and continuum TMDs, like the Collins scheme. Then, to facilitate the derivation of a factorization relation between lattice and continuum TMDs, we construct a new scheme, the Large Rapidity (LR) scheme, intermediate between the Collins and quasi-TMDs. The LR and Collins schemes differ only by an order of limits, and can be matched onto one another by a multiplicative kernel. We show that this same matching also holds between quasi and Collins TMDs, which enables us to prove a factorization relation between these quantities to all orders in αs. Our results imply that there is no mixing between various quark flavors or gluons when matching Collins and quasi TMDs, making the lattice calculation of individual flavors and gluon TMDs easier than anticipated. We cross-check these results explicitly at one loop and discuss implications for other physical-to-lattice scheme factorizations.
Irrelevant operators and their holographic anomalies
Authors: Broccoli Matteo
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Irrelevant operators in a CFT modify the usual Weyl transformation of the metric. A metric beta-function turns on, which modifies the Weyl anomalies as well. In this paper, we study the relation between bulk diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformation at the boundary when a massive scalar field, which sources irrelevant operators at the boundary, is coupled to the bulk metric. Considering the effect of the backreaction generated by the scalar field, we provide a holographic description of the boundary metric beta-function and anomalies. Our results represent an additional test of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Interacting emergent Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Su Chenliang
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In this article, subleading (in 1/N) corrections to the action of the one loop dilatation operator in the su(3) sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory are studied. We focus on the system of operators dual to two giant graviton systems, which have a bare dimension ∼ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(N) and are a linear combination of restricted Schur polynomials with p = 2 long columns. At the leading order the dilatation operator gives rise to the free part of an emergent Yang-Mills theory, arising from the open string excitations of the giant gravitons. We verify that the terms we study describe interactions between these open string excitations. The interactions have the U(1)×U(1) gauge invariance expected for a pair of separated branes.
Integrable deformations of AdS/CFT
Authors: de Leeuw Marius , Pribytok Anton , Retore Ana L. , Ryan Paul
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In this paper we study in detail the deformations introduced in [1] of the integrable structures of the AdS2,3 integrable models. We do this by embedding the corresponding scattering matrices into the most general solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. We show that there are several non-trivial embeddings and corresponding deformations. We work out crossing symmetry for these models and study their symmetry algebras and representations. In particular, we identify a new elliptic deformation of the AdS3× S3× M4 string sigma model.
Global and local performances of a tubular micro-pulsating heat pipe: experimental investigation
Authors: Cattani Luca , Vocale Pamela , Bozzoli Fabio , Malavasi Matteo , Pagliarini Luca , Iwata Naoko
Published: May 2022

Heat exchanger optimization is mandatory in almost any industrial application. Thanks to their performances, the Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are a very interesting application. Micro-PHPs, which are defined as PHPs with a tube that has a hydraulic diameter < 500 μm, have shown big advantages in terms of their ability to dissipate high heat fluxes, their reduced size, and their low weight. However, the great majority of the works that investigate the thermal behavior of micro-PHPs only deal with the average performance of the system, usually represented in terms of global thermal resistance of the device. Our study aims to begin to fill this lack by investigating the local thermal behavior of a typical multi-turn micro-PHP. A micro-PHP characterized by seven turns and realized with a stainless-steel pipe was investigated. It was positioned in a vertical position, with the evaporator at the bottom, and it was partially loaded with HFC-134a. The studied micro-PHP is tubular, while almost the totality of the micro-PHPs investigated to date are constituted by microchannels engraved in silicon-based wafer, and they present a great potential in terms of three-axis flexibility compared to the flat micro-PHPs that are usually investigated. To highlight the different thermal functioning of each turn, an infrared camera was used to acquire the local temperature distributions on the wall of the PHP condenser. It was found that the best performance was reached for a filling ratio of 46% and for a heat input ranging between 1.9–3.7 W. To thoroughly study the pulsating behavior of the proposed PHP, the dominant frequencies were investigated by performing a wavelet analysis. The results allow the identification of different flow regimes, such as start-up, non-persistent oscillating flow (0.05–0.6 Hz; Qnet < 2.3 W), and quasi-periodic oscillating flow (0.6–1.5 Hz; Qnet = 2.8–4.7 W). Eventually, the results highlight that the approach proposed herein can provide worthy evidence about the fluid motion inside the PHP, thereby allowing to overcome the limits introduced by the adoption of transparent materials for the direct flow visualization or by the invasive insertion of pressure sensors, particularly in devices with such small dimensions.
Surgical margins after partial nephrectomy as prognostic factor for the risk of local recurrence in pT1 RCC: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Henderickx Michaël M. E. L. , Baldew Suraj V. , Marconi Lorenzo , van Dijk Marcel D. , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi S. , Lagerveld Brunolf W. , Bex Axel , Zondervan Patricia J.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To systematically review the published literature on surgical margins as a risk factor for local recurrence (LR) in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for pT1 renal cell carcinomas (RCC).

Evidence acquisition

A systematic literature search of relevant databases (MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library) was performed according to the PRISMA criteria up to February 2022. The hypothesis was developed using the PPO method (Patients = patients with pT1 RCC undergoing PN, Prognostic factor = positive surgical margins (PSM) detected on final pathology versus negative surgical margins (NSM) and Outcome = LR diagnosed on follow-up imaging). The primary outcome was the rate of PSM and LR. The risk of bias was assessed by the QUIPS tool.

Evidence synthesis

After assessing 1525 abstracts and 409 full-text articles, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of PSM ranged between 0 and 34.3%. In these patients with PSM, LR varied between 0 and 9.1%, whereas only 0–1.5% of LR were found in the NSM-group. The calculated odds ratio (95% confident intervals) varied between 0.04 [0.00–0.79] and 0.27 [0.01–4.76] and was statistically significant in two studies (0.14 [0.02–0.80] and 0.04 [0.00–0.79]). The quality analysis of the included studies resulted in an overall intermediate to high risk of bias and the level of evidence was overall very low. A meta-analysis was considered unsuitable due to the high heterogeneity between the included studies.

Conclusion

PSM after PN in patients with pT1 RCC is associated with a higher risk of LR. However, the evidence has significant limitations and caution should be taken with the interpretation of this data.
Deutsches Referenznetzwerk für Seltene Augenerkrankungen (DRN-EYE). Der Weg zur bundesweiten Vernetzung
Authors: Stingl Katarina , Glauch Monika ,   die DRN-EYE Gruppe
Published: May 2022

Das DRN-EYE (Deutsche Referenznetzwerk für Seltene Augenerkrankungen) ist ein bundesweites Netzwerk von Augenärzten, die in der Versorgung von seltenen Augenerkrankungen in Deutschland tätig sind. Das Ziel von DRN-EYE ist es, für Augenärzte, aber auch für Betroffene eine transparente Struktur zu bilden, die die medizinische Versorgung von seltenen Erkrankungen am Auge erleichtert und verbessert. Kompetenzen des Netzwerkes liegen sowohl im Bereich des vorderen Augenabschnittes als auch der Netzhaut, der Neuroophthalmologie und Orbita. Das Netzwerk bietet ebenfalls quartalweise offene virtuelle Fallkonferenzen sowie Fortbildungen und Übersicht über in Deutschland laufende klinische Studien.
Percutaneous trans-axilla transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sugiura Atsushi , Sudo Mitsumasa , Al-Kassou Baravan , Shamekhi Jasmin , Silaschi Miriam , Wilde Nihal , Sedaghat Alexander , Becher Ulrich Marc , Weber Marcel , Sinning Jan-Malte , Grube Eberhard , Nickenig Georg , Charitos Efstratios I. , Zimmer Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The left axillary artery is an attractive alternative access route for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and may provide better outcomes compared to other alternatives. Nevertheless, there remain concerns about vascular complications, lack of compressibility, and thorax-related complications. Between March 2019 and March 2021, 13 patients underwent transaxillary TAVR for severe aortic stenosis at the University Hospital Bonn. The puncture was performed with a puncture at the distal segment of the axillary artery through the axilla, with additional femoral access for applying a safety wire inside the axillary artery. Device success was defined according to the VARC 2 criteria. The study participants were advanced in age (77 ± 9 years old), and 54% were female, with an intermediate risk for surgery (STS risk score 4.7 ± 2.0%). The average diameter of the distal segment of the axillary artery was 5.8 ± 1.0 mm (i.e., the puncture site) and 7.6 ± 0.9 mm for the proximal axillary artery. Device success was achieved in all patients. 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were 0%. With complete percutaneous management, stent-graft implantation was performed at the puncture site in 38.5% of patients. Minor bleeding was successfully managed with manual compression. Moreover, no thorax-related complications, hematomas, or nerve injuries were observed. Percutaneous trans-axilla TAVR was found to be feasible and safe. This modified approach may mitigate the risk of bleeding and serious complications in the thorax and be less invasive than surgical alternatives.
Proposal of new diagnostic criteria for fatal familial insomnia
Authors: Chu Min , Xie Kexin , Zhang Jing , Chen Zhongyun , Ghorayeb Imad , Rupprecht Sven , Reder Anthony T. , Garay Arturo , Honda Hiroyuki , Nagayama Masao , Shi Qi , Zhan Shuqin , Nan Haitian , Zhang Jiatang , Guan Hongzhi , Cui Li , Guo Yanjun , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge , Wang Jiawei , Dong Xiaoping , Wu Liyong
Published: May 2022

Background

The understanding of fatal familial insomnia (FFI), a rare neurodegenerative autosomal dominant prion disease, has improved in recent years as more cases were reported. This work aimed to propose new diagnostic criteria for FFI with optimal sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio.

Methods

An international group of experts was established and 128 genetically confirmed FFI cases and 281 non-FFI prion disease controls are enrolled in the validation process. The new criteria were proposed based on the following steps with two-round expert consultation: (1) Validation of the 2018 FFI criteria. (2) Diagnostic item selection according to statistical analysis and expert consensus. (3) Validation of the new criteria.

Results

The 2018 criteria for possible FFI had a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 83.3%, with a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 5.43, and a negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.11; and the probable FFI criteria had a sensitivity of 83.6%, specificity of 92.9%, with a PLR of 11.77, and a NLR of 0.18. The new criteria included more specific and/or common clinical features, two exclusion items, and summarized a precise and flexible diagnostic hierarchy. The new criteria for possible FFI had therefore reached a better sensitivity and specificity (92.2% and 96.1%, respectively), a PLR of 23.64 and a NLR of 0.08, whereas the probable FFI criteria showed a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 98.2%, with a PLR of 50.33 and a NLR of 0.095.

Conclusions

We propose new clinical diagnostic criteria for FFI, for a better refining of the clinical hallmarks of the disease that ultimately would help an early recognition of FFI and a better differentiation from other prion diseases.
Density of imaginary multiplicative chaos via Malliavin calculus
Authors: Aru Juhan , Jego Antoine , Junnila Janne
Published: May 2022

We consider the imaginary Gaussian multiplicative chaos, i.e. the complex Wick exponential $$\mu _\beta := :e^{i\beta \Gamma (x)}:$$

μ
β

:
=
:

e

i
β
Γ
(
x
)

:

for a log-correlated Gaussian field $$\Gamma $$
Γ
in $$d \ge 1$$

d
≥
1

dimensions. We prove a basic density result, showing that for any nonzero continuous test function f, the complex-valued random variable $$\mu _\beta (f)$$

μ
β

(
f
)

has a smooth density w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure on $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
. As a corollary, we deduce that the negative moments of imaginary chaos on the unit circle do not correspond to the analytic continuation of the Fyodorov-Bouchaud formula, even when well-defined. Somewhat surprisingly, basic density results are not easy to prove for imaginary chaos and one of the main contributions of the article is introducing Malliavin calculus to the study of (complex) multiplicative chaos. To apply Malliavin calculus to imaginary chaos, we develop a new decomposition theorem for non-degenerate log-correlated fields via a small detour to operator theory, and obtain small ball probabilities for Sobolev norms of imaginary chaos.
Manifold turnpikes, trims, and symmetries
Authors: Faulwasser Timm , Flaßkamp Kathrin , Ober-Blöbaum Sina , Schaller Manuel , Worthmann Karl
Published: May 2022

Classical turnpikes correspond to optimal steady states which are attractors of infinite-horizon optimal control problems. In this paper, motivated by mechanical systems with symmetries, we generalize this concept to manifold turnpikes. Specifically, the necessary optimality conditions projected onto a symmetry-induced manifold coincide with those of a reduced-order problem defined on the manifold under certain conditions. We also propose sufficient conditions for the existence of manifold turnpikes based on a tailored notion of dissipativity with respect to manifolds. Furthermore, we show how the classical Legendre transformation between Euler–Lagrange and Hamilton formalisms can be extended to the adjoint variables. Finally, we draw upon the Kepler problem to illustrate our findings.
Skin Lesion Area Segmentation Using Attention Squeeze U-Net for Embedded Devices
Authors: Pennisi Andrea , Bloisi Domenico D. , Suriani Vincenzo , Nardi Daniele , Facchiano Antonio , Giampetruzzi Anna Rita
Published: May 2022

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Early diagnosis of malignant lesions is crucial for reducing mortality. The use of deep learning techniques on dermoscopic images can help in keeping track of the change over time in the appearance of the lesion, which is an important factor for detecting malignant lesions. In this paper, we present a deep learning architecture called Attention Squeeze U-Net for skin lesion area segmentation specifically designed for embedded devices. The main goal is to increase the patient empowerment through the adoption of deep learning algorithms that can run locally on smartphones or low cost embedded devices. This can be the basis to (1) create a history of the lesion, (2) reduce patient visits to the hospital, and (3) protect the privacy of the users. Quantitative results on publicly available data demonstrate that it is possible to achieve good segmentation results even with a compact model.
What lessons can be learned from cost efficiency? The case of Swedish district courts
Authors: Månsson Jonas , Andersson Christian , Bonander Fredrik
Published: May 2022

Many studies have reported findings regarding technical efficiency (i.e., resource use) for district courts around the world. However, our review of previous research did not find any studies targeting cost efficiency. To fill this gap, this study investigates the cost efficiency of Swedish district courts. We apply the Farrell framework and decompose cost efficiency into allocative and technical efficiency. The study finds substantial cost inefficiency for district courts in Sweden, which is mainly due to allocative inefficiency (i.e., having the wrong input mix or paying too much for inputs). This result is not surprising since, for example, there is regional heterogeneity in input prices (i.e., wages and rents). However, it also reveals the potential of, for example, moving district courts out of city centres and high-priced areas. On the other hand, the location and staffing of district courts serve other competing policy concerns, such as the proximity of citizens to district courts. The cost-efficiency analysis gives information about the cost of these competing policy concerns.
Absolute points of correlations of $$PG(4,q^n)$$
Authors: Durante Nicola , Grimaldi Giovanni Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

The sets of the absolute points of (possibly degenerate) polarities of a projective space are well known. The sets of the absolute points of (possibly degenerate) correlations, different from polarities, of $$\mathrm {PG}(2,q^n)$$

PG
(
2
,

q
n

)

, have been completely determined by B.C. Kestenband in 11 papers from 1990 to 2014, for non-degenerate correlations and by D’haeseleer and Durante (Electron J Combin 27(2):2–32, 2020) for degenerate correlations. The sets of the absolute points of degenerate correlations, different from degenerate polarities, of a projective space $$\mathrm {PG}(3,q^n)$$

PG
(
3
,

q
n

)

have been classified in (Donati and Durante in J Algebr Comb 54:109–133, 2021). In this paper, we consider the four dimensional case and completely determine the sets of the absolute points of degenerate correlations, different from degenerate polarities, of a projective space $$\mathrm {PG}(4,q^n).$$

PG
(
4
,

q
n

)
.

As an application, we show that some of these sets are related to the Kantor’s ovoid and to the Tits’ ovoid of $$Q(4,q^n)$$

Q
(
4
,

q
n

)

and hence also to the Tits’ ovoid of $$\mathrm {PG}(3,q^n)$$

PG
(
3
,

q
n

)

.
Print referencing during e-storybook reading on a SMART board for kindergartners to promote early literacy skills
Authors: van Dijken M. J.
Published: May 2022

This study examined the effects of a classroom-focused intervention on different domains of early literacy. The intervention consisted of shared e-book reading combined with a print referencing technique done via a SMART board. The specific goal of the study was to examine whether children could be instructed simultaneously in print knowledge, phonological awareness, and vocabulary, without a loss of impact on the development of either skill. Results revealed significantly larger gains with high effect sizes in print knowledge (ηp2 = .474) and phonological awareness (ηp2 = .370) when children received the print referencing e-book intervention compared to the control conditions. Print referencing did not hinder children’s learning of new words, but enhanced vocabulary to the same extent, or even higher, as e-books typically do in kindergarten when print referencing is not involved. The findings indicate that e-book reading merged with print referencing is a beneficial method for enhancing essential early literacy skills simultaneously. The learning tool is particularly efficient for a tailor-made educational setting, as it allows differential attention to students and lessens the workload for teachers.
One-Step Genotyping Method in loxP-Based Conditional Knockout Mice Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Technology
Authors: Zhu He , Liu Siqian , He Wenxi , Sun Fei , Li Yang , Yang Ping , Yu Qilin , Zhang Shu
Published: May 2022

With the development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology, we can now easily construct genetically modified mouse strains with indels, especially for loxP-based strategy. However, the general genotyping methods are time-consuming and unreliable given the loxP site is only 34 bp long. Here, based on the tetra primer-paired PCR amplification, we describe an efficient genotyping method which can simultaneously generate the internal control band, wild type (wt)-genotype band, and/or loxP-genotype band through one single PCR amplification. It is easy to interpret the mouse genotypes from the pattern of the bands. Further, the results could also help to exclude the possibility of minor cross-contamination, since the ratio between the bands’ quantity in wt/wt, wt/loxP, and loxP/loxP mice are relatively constant, which makes the genotyping more reliable when it is performed in a large amount.
Defining left bundle branch block according to the new 2021 European Society of Cardiology criteria
Authors: Calle S. , Timmermans F. , De Pooter J.
Published: May 2022

Correctly diagnosing left bundle branch block (LBBB) is fundamental, as LBBB occurs frequently in heart failure and may trigger a vicious cycle of progressive left ventricular dysfunction. Moreover, a correct diagnosis of LBBB is pivotal to guide cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Since the LBBB diagnostic criteria were recently updated by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), we assessed their diagnostic accuracy compared with the previous ESC 2013 definition. We further discuss the complexity of defining LBBB within the context of recent insights into the electromechanical pathophysiology of LBBB.
Rolling horizon optimisation based peer-to-peer energy trading under real-time variations in demand and generation
Authors: Kochupurackal Ajai , Pancholi Karnav Prajeshbhai , Islam S. N. , Anwar Adnan , Oo A. M. T.
Published: May 2022

This paper has developed an approach to optimise energy sell and price bids at the sellers along with optimising energy purchase decisions at the buyers in a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading market. The optimum price and energy sell bids are designed to maximise the profit at the sellers, while buyers make energy purchase decisions to minimise their energy deficit. The proposed approach relies on a day-ahead optimisation mechanism that can utilise the daily generation and demand patterns as well as a rolling horizon based real-time update strategy when there are variations in generation or demand forecasts. The aforementioned approach is evaluated for a real-life generation and demand dataset under different scenarios. The numerical results demonstrate that when the forecasting error is not very high, the proposed optimisation approach can allow sellers to obtain some profit in most of the time intervals during the day.
A sports and health application for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus -An end-user survey on expectations and requirements
Authors: Holzer Roman , Werner Fabian , Behrens Meinolf , Volkery Carsten , Brinkmann Christian
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this survey is to investigate T1DM patients’ expectations for and requirements of an ideal mobile self-management app with a special focus on functions for sports and exercise.

Methods

A total of 251 persons participated in the survey. After checking for completeness and plausibility, the answers of 167 patients diagnosed with T1DM (66% female, 34% male) were analyzed.

Results

The key features/aspects that were identified as being “rather important”/”very important” by more than 75% of respondents are: data security (96.4%), integration of further health data (e.g., heart rate, step count, calories) from other apps already installed on their smartphone (92.2%), automatic import of glucose data from other apps (91.6%), individual target setting (87.4%), warnings about abnormal glucose levels (82.6%), warnings about other abnormal health data (81.4%), diary function (80.8%), information on the training session after the workout (80.8%) and displaying/processing of further fitness variables (such as heart rate, step count, etc.) from other health-related wearable systems (77.8%).

Conclusions

This study identifies the most relevant features of an ideal self-management app with functions for sports and exercise targeted at patients with T1DM that should be considered in the development of such an app.
Operando Converting BiOCl into Bi2O2(CO3)xCly for Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate
Authors: Fu Huai Qin , Liu Junxian , Bedford Nicholas M. , Wang Yun , Wright Joshua , Liu Peng Fei , Wen Chun Fang , Wang Liang , Yin Huajie , Qi Dongchen , Liu Porun , Yang Hua Gui , Zhao Huijun
Published: May 2022

Bismuth-based materials (e.g., metallic, oxides and subcarbonate) are emerged as promising electrocatalysts for converting CO2 to formate. However, Bio-based electrocatalysts possess high overpotentials, while bismuth oxides and subcarbonate encounter stability issues. This work is designated to exemplify that the operando synthesis can be an effective means to enhance the stability of electrocatalysts under operando CO2RR conditions. A synthetic approach is developed to electrochemically convert BiOCl into Cl-containing subcarbonate (Bi2O2(CO3)xCly) under operando CO2RR conditions. The systematic operando spectroscopic studies depict that BiOCl is converted to Bi2O2(CO3)xCly via a cathodic potential-promoted anion-exchange process. The operando synthesized Bi2O2(CO3)xCly can tolerate − 1.0 V versus RHE, while for the wet-chemistry synthesized pure Bi2O2CO3, the formation of metallic Bio occurs at − 0.6 V versus RHE. At − 0.8 V versus RHE, Bi2O2(CO3)xCly can readily attain a FEHCOO- of 97.9%, much higher than that of the pure Bi2O2CO3 (81.3%). DFT calculations indicate that differing from the pure Bi2O2CO3-catalyzed CO2RR, where formate is formed via a *OCHO intermediate step that requires a high energy input energy of 2.69 eV to proceed, the formation of HCOO− over Bi2O2(CO3)xCly has proceeded via a *COOH intermediate step that only requires low energy input of 2.56 eV.
Intact moral decision-making in adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Edwards Malcolm , Morrow Emily L. , Duff Melissa C.
Published: May 2022

Background and aim:

Deficits in decision-making are a common consequence of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Less is known, however, about how individuals with TBI perform on moral decision-making tasks. To address this gap in the literature, the current study probed moral decision-making in a sample of individuals with TBI using a widely employed experimental measure.

Methods/hypothesis:

We administered a set of 50 trolley-type dilemmas to 31 individuals with TBI and 31 demographically matched, neurotypical comparison participants. We hypothesized that individuals with TBI would be more likely to offer utilitarian responses to personal dilemmas than neurotypical peers.

Results:

In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed that individuals with TBI were not more likely to offer utilitarian responses for personal dilemmas.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that moral decision-making ability is not uniformly impaired following TBI. Rather, neuroanatomical (lesion location) and demographic (age at injury) characteristics may be more predictive of a disruption in moral decision-making than TBI diagnosis or injury severity alone. These results inform the neurobiology of moral decision-making and have implications for characterizing patterns of spared and impaired cognitive abilities in TBI.
Interface instabilities in Faraday waves of two-layer liquids with free surface
Authors: Liu Dongming , Lin Pengzhi
Published: May 2022

For a fluid system with an interface between two-layer liquids and a free surface, there exist two series of natural frequencies. Under vertical excitations, the interface and the free surface can be excited separately or simultaneously. Laboratory experiments were conducted to excite the first- and second-mode Faraday waves on the free surface, which forced the in-phase motion of the interface. The experimental data were used to validate the extended numerical model NEWTANK. The secondary surface instability in the form of period tripling breaking occurred on the free surface when second-mode surface resonant response was large. Further numerical investigations were conducted to study the resonance of interface and in addition to the primary Faraday instability, the secondary interface instability occurred due to Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability. The analysis revealed that this was due to the contribution from the combined effects of vertical fluid acceleration and external excitation, which made the upper layer liquid essentially ‘heavier’ than the lower layer at certain instances, even when the amplitude of acceleration of the external excitation was lower than that of gravity at all times. A dimensionless parameter ‘normalised effective gravitational acceleration’ (NEGA) was proposed to quantify the occurrence criterion of RT instability in a dynamic fluid system. Furthermore, simultaneous resonances at both the interface and the free surface were studied and reverse flows could be formed across the interface as the upper Faraday waves and lower Faraday waves moved in opposite directions, which generated the secondary interface instability of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) type. When KH instability took place, more energy was transferred to higher frequency modes as time evolved.
The effect of large-scale forcing on small-scale dynamics of incompressible turbulence
Authors: Das Rishita , Girimaji Sharath S.
Published: May 2022

The subtle but crucial effects of large-scale forcing on the small-scale velocity-gradient (VG) dynamics is examined using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of incompressible turbulence. The interplay among large-scale forcing, inertia, pressure and viscous effects is characterised as a function of local streamline geometry and VG magnitude (Frobenius norm). When conditioned on local topology, forcing: (i) counteracts inertial and viscous action in the strain-dominated nodal topologies; and (ii) balances pressure action in the rotation-dominated unstable focal topologies. Unexpectedly, forcing acts to reduce VG magnitudes in regions of strong dissipation. In these regions, forcing balances the non-local pressure effects whereas viscous action offsets the nonlinear inertial effects. In regions of very low dissipation, forcing combines with inertia and pressure effects to offset viscous action. With regard to the probability distribution of the normalised VG invariants, the primary role of forcing is to nullify certain features (dilatational probability currents) of inertia, pressure and viscous action. This results in the emergence of universal statistical features (solenoidal probability currents) that are determined largely by inertia–pressure–viscous interactions. These findings serve to enhance our understanding of small-scale processes in turbulence and guide VG model development.
Recursive Lions and Strange Continuities of Bulgarian Nationalism
Authors: Genova Neda
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to propose the methodological and conceptual tool of ‘recursion’ as a means of understanding the production of historical continuity and discontinuity between different forms of nationalism in Bulgaria. The recent case of the demolition of the socialist-modernist monument ‘1300 Years of Bulgaria’ and its replacement with an earlier memorial from the authoritarian period of the 1930s forms the point of departure for this examination. Adopting a media and cultural studies perspective, the text focuses on the symbolic function of lions in both monuments and how they are engaged in the production of nationalist rhetoric and imagery. In line with Ann Laura Stoler’s (2016) proposition that the method of ‘recursive analytics’ can allow us to overcome the impasse formed by attempts to postulateeithercontinuityorrupture between present and past, I first account for the histories of the erection of both monuments before proposing to read the ‘Bulgarian lions’, featuring in both of them, as recursive figures.
Abstract Argumentation and Answer Set Programming: Two Faces of Nelson’s Logic
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , FARIÑAS DEL CERRO LUIS
Published: May 2022

In this work, we show that both logic programming and abstract argumentation frameworks can be interpreted in terms of Nelson’s constructive logic N4. We do so by formalising, in this logic, two principles that we call noncontradictory inference and strengthened closed world assumption: the first states that no belief can be held based on contradictory evidence while the latter forces both unknown and contradictory evidence to be regarded as false. Using these principles, both logic programming and abstract argumentation frameworks are translated into constructive logic in a modular way and using the object language. Logic programming implication and abstract argumentation supports become, in the translation, a new implication connective following the noncontradictory inference principle. Attacks are then represented by combining this new implication with strong negation. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
A Simple Model for Tropical Convective Cloud Shield Area Growth and Decay Rates Informed by Geostationary IR, GPM, and Aqua/AIRS Satellite Data
Authors: Elsaesser Gregory S. , Roca Rémy , Fiolleau Thomas , Del Genio Anthony D. , Wu Jingbo
Published: May 2022

Deep convective system maximum areal extent is driven by the stratiform anvil area since convective area fractions are much less than unity when systems reach peak size. It is important to understand the processes that drive system size given the impact large systems have on rainfall and that of anvils on high cloud feedbacks. Using satellite diabatic heating and convective‐stratiform information mapped to convective systems, composite analyses suggest that system maximum sizes occur at the temporal mid‐point of system lifecycles with both maximum size and duration correlating with peak heating above the melting level. However, variations in system growth rates exist, with the overall smooth composites emerging as the average of highly variable system trajectories. Thus, this study focuses on understanding convective system growth rates on short (30‐min) timescales via development of a simple analytical source—sink model that predicts system area changes. Growth occurs when detrained convective mass (inferred from the vertical gradient of diabatic heating and temperature lapse rates) and/or generation of convective area exceeds a sink term whose magnitude is proportional to the current cloud shield size. The model works well for systems over land and ocean, and for systems characterized by varying degrees of convective organization and duration (1.5–35 hr, with correlations often >0.8 across lifetime bins). The model may serve as a useful foundation for improved understanding of processes driving changes in tropics‐wide convective system cloud shields, and further supports conceptual development and evaluation of prognostic climate model stratiform anvil area parameterizations.
Impact of Aerosol Radiative Effect on the Diurnal Cycle of Summer Precipitation Over North China: Distinct Results From Simulations With Parameterized Versus Explicit Convection
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Lu Boyan , Song Yuanyuan , Jin Qinjian , Yang Yang , Chen Qian , Chen Haishan
Published: May 2022

The diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) is an important feature of local weather and climate. Owing to the complex interactions of aerosols and meteorological conditions, the influence of aerosols on the DCP is still inconclusive. Here we use regional modeling experiments with parameterized convection (PC) and explicit convection (EC) to disentangle the influence of aerosol radiative effects and model convection schemes on the DCP in North China, focusing on the precipitation peak time in the afternoon. We found that the EC experiments show delayed but more realistic DCPs compared with the PC experiments. With the increase of aerosol emissions, the PC experiments show delays in the afternoon precipitation peak, while this is not found in the EC experiments and observations. The different vertical velocities and vertical aerosol profiles produced by the schemes and the associated different thermodynamic responses are the primary reason for the distinct DCP responses.
The increase of PTSD in front-line health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the mediating role of risk perception: a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Ouyang Hui , Geng Shiyu , Zhou Yaoguang , Wang Jing , Zhan Jingye , Shang Zhilei , Jia Yanpu , Yan Wenjie , Zhang Yan , Li Xu , Liu Weizhi
Published: May 2022

The long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers (HCWs) are largely unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in HCWs in a longitudinal manner. Additionally, we further explored the role of risk perception in the evolution of PTSD over time based on a one-year follow-up study. HCWs were recruited from hospitals in Guangdong, China. Demographic information, the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the risk perception questionnaire were obtained online at two different time points: May to June 2020 (T1), with 317 eligible responses, and June 2021 (T2), with 403 eligible responses. Seventy-four HCWs participated in the survey at both T1 and T2. The results revealed that (1) the PTSD prevalence rate in the HCWs (cut-off = 33) increased from 10.73% at T1 to 20.84% at T2, and the HCWs reported significantly higher PTSD scores at T2 than at T1 (p < 0.001); (2) risk perception was positively correlated with PTSD (p < 0.001); and (3) PTSD at T1 could significantly positively predict PTSD at T2 (β = 2.812, p < 0.01), and this longitudinal effect of PTSD at T1 on PTSD at T2 was mediated by risk perception at T2 (coefficient = 0.154, 95% CI = 0.023 to 0.297). Our data provide a snapshot of the worsening of HCWs’ PTSD along with the repeated pandemic outbreaks and highlight the important role of risk perception in the development of PTSD symptoms in HCWs over time.
POU6F1 cooperates with RORA to suppress the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma by downregulating HIF1A signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Wenjing , Geng Wei , Zhou Mei , Xu Juanjuan , Wang Sufei , Huang Qi , Sun Yice , Li Yumei , Yang Guanghai , Jin Yang
Published: May 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents the most frequently diagnosed histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with the highest mortality worldwide. Transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark of nearly all kinds of cancers. In the study, we identified that the POU domain, class 6, transcription factor 1 (POU6F1), a member of the POU family of transcription factors, was closely associated with tumor stage and death in LUAD. We revealed that POU6F1 was downregulated in LUAD tissues and downregulated POU6F1 was predictive of an unfavorable prognosis in LUAD patients. In vitro assays, including CCK8, soft agar, transwell, clone formation, wound-healing assay, and nude mouse xenograft model all revealed that POU6F1 inhibited the growth and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, POU6F1 bound and stabilized retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) to exert the transcriptional inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and alter the expression of HIF1A signaling pathway-associated genes, including ENO1, PDK1, and PRKCB, thereby leading to the suppression of LUAD cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated the suppressive role of POU6F1/RORA in the progression of LUAD and may potentially be used as a target for the treatment of LUAD.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the immune heterogeneity and the repopulation of microglia by Hif1α in mice after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Xu Lintao , Lin Weiwei , Yao Yin , Li Heyangzi , Shen Gerong , Cao Xi , He Ning , Chen Jun , Hu Jue , Zheng Mingzhi , Song Xinghui , Ding Yuemin , Shen Yueliang , Zhong Jinjie , Wang Lin-lin , Chen Ying-ying , Zhu Yongjian
Published: May 2022

Neuroinflammation is regarded as a vital pathological process in spinal cord injury (SCI), which removes damaged tissue, secretes cytokines, and facilitates regeneration. Repopulation of microglia has been shown to favor recovery from SCI. However, the origin and regulatory factors of microglia repopulation after SCI remain unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to portray the dynamic transcriptional landscape of immune cells during the early and late phases of SCI in mice. B cells and migDCs, located in the meninges under physiological conditions, are involved in immune surveillance. Microglia quickly reduced, and peripheral myeloid cells infiltrated three days-post-injury (dpi). At 14 dpi, microglia repopulated, myeloid cells were reduced, and lymphocytes infiltrated. Importantly, genetic lineage tracing of nestin+ and Cx3cr1+ cells in vivo showed that the repopulation of microglia was derived from residual microglia after SCI. We found that residual microglia regress to a developmental growth state in the early stages after SCI. Hif1α promotes microglial proliferation. Conditional ablation of Hif1α in microglia causes larger lesion sizes, fewer axon fibers, and impaired functional recovery in the late stages after SCI. Our results mapped the immune heterogeneity in SCI and raised the possibility that targeting Hif1α may help in axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI.
TDP43 promotes stemness of breast cancer stem cells through CD44 variant splicing isoforms
Authors: Guo Lu , Ke Hao , Zhang Honglei , Zou Li , Yang Qin , Lu Xuemei , Zhao Limin , Jiao Baowei
Published: May 2022

Alternative splicing (AS) is a promising clinical target for cancer treatment at the post-transcriptional level. We previously identified a unique AS profile in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is regulated by the splicing regulator TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP43), thus indicating the crucial role of TDP43 in heterogeneous TNBC. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a widely recognized marker for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), is extensively spliced into CD44 variant AS isoforms (CD44v) during the development of breast cancer. At present, however, the regulatory mechanism of CD44v is not fully understood. In the current study, we found that loss of TDP43 inhibits BCSC stemness by reducing the abundance of CD44v. In addition, serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), another splicing factor and partner of TDP43, acts as an upstream regulator of TDP43 to maintain CD44v isoforms and thereafter BCSC stemness. Mechanistically, SRSF3 stabilizes the mRNA of TDP43 by inhibiting nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). These findings illustrate the important role of complicated regulatory networks formed by splicing factors in TNBC progression, thus providing potential therapeutic targets from an AS perspective.
Current practice of trabeculectomy in a cohort of experienced glaucoma surgeons in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Lee Graham A. , Liu Lance , Casson Robert J. , Danesh-Meyer Helen V. , Shah Peter ,   ANZGS Trabeculectomy Consensus Group, Agar Ashish , Ashraff Nina , Baker Michelle , Brogan Kerr , Brooks Anne , Buller Alex , Casson Robert , Chan Helen , Cheng Jason , Danesh-Meyer Helen , Mellow Guy D’ , Dunn Hamish , Gaskin Jennifer Fan , Gale Jesse , Goldberg Ivan , Green Catherine , Gregory-Roberts Emily , Healey Paul , Hurley Ian , Karaconji Tanya , Kaushik Shweta , Kerr Nathan , Kong George , Koppens Jo , Landers John , Lawlor Mitchell , Leaney John , Lee Graham , Lim Ridia , Liu Lance , Lusthaus Jed , Manning David , Martin Keith , Masselos Katherine , Nielsen Nathan , Ng Soo , Ng Jon , Perumal Divya , Shah Raj , Sindhu Kiran , Skalicky Simon , Soares Bernardo , Spencer Narelle , Symes Richard J. , Walland Mark , Wang Bob , White Andrew , Yuen Joshua , Zagora Sophia
Published: May 2022

Background/Objectives

To evaluate current routine trabeculectomy technique preferences among Australian and New Zealand Glaucoma Society surgeons regularly performing trabeculectomy surgery.

Subjects/Methods

Survey of experienced surgeons who perform trabeculectomy.

Results

Forty-nine surgeons (33 male:16 female) participated in the survey. Trabeculectomy was performed as day surgery (39/47, 83.0%) under local anesthesia (44/47, 93.6%). The surgical techniques most commonly used were a corneal traction suture (44/47, 93.6%), fornix-based conjunctival flap (43/47, 91.5%) and half-thickness scleral flap (38/47, 81.0%). Mitomycin C antifibrotic agent was used in routine cases by 45/46 (97.8%) surgeons. Surgeons applied the antifibrotic agent under the Tenon layer with a pledget (36/46, 78.2%) with a concentration of 0.02% (37/46, 80.4%) for 2 (11/46, 23.9%) or 3 min (30/46, 65.2%). The Kelly (26/46, 56.5%) and the Khaw Descemet (19/46, 41.3%) punches were used to perform the sclerostomy. Most surgeons performed a peripheral iridectomy in all phakic patients (46/47, 97.9%), but less commonly in pseudophakic patients (34/47, 72.3%). Techniques for closure of the limbal conjunctival edge were quite varied with a combination of suturing including purse string (21/47, 57.4%), wing (20/47, 42.6%) and horizontal mattress sutures (33/47, 70.2%). Surgeons reviewed their routine patients four times in the first month (29/47, 61.7%) and continued the postoperative topical steroids for 3–4 months (28/47, 59.6%).

Conclusions

Although a wide range of techniques for trabeculectomy exists among surgeons, there are consistent procedures currently in use to optimize patient outcomes. This report will assist surgeons in choosing which surgical techniques fit their best practice.