bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new clade of basal Early Cretaceous pygostylian birds and developmental plasticity of the avian shoulder girdle
Authors: Wang Min , Stidham Thomas A. , Zhou Zhonghe
Published: September 2018

Significance

We report the second most basal clade of the short-tailed birds (Pygostylia) from the Early Cretaceous. The new family Jinguofortisidae exhibits a mosaic assembly of plesiomorphic nonavian theropod characteristics, particularly of the fused scapulocoracoid and more derived flight-related features, further increasing the known ecomorphological diversity of basal avian lineages. We discuss the evolution of the scapula and coracoid in major tetrapod groups and early birds and hypothesize that the fused scapulocoracoid in some basal avian lineages, although rare, results from an accelerated rate of ossification and that the avian shoulder girdle likely was transformed by developmental plasticity along an evolutionary lineage leading to the crown group of birds.
Music in Global Jesuit Missions, 1540–1773
Authors: Irving David R. M.
Published: September 2018

The Society of Jesus has long been recognized for its global contribution to the study, practice, and dissemination of European music in the early modern period, and especially for its interactions with non-European music cultures. In Europe, Jesuit colleges played a seminal role in music education and the development of music in drama, major sacred works were composed by or for Jesuits, and treatises on music were written by Jesuit theorists. In the Americas and on islands in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, music served as a device for evangelization and conversion of indigenous peoples; in some of the missions, European music was cultivated to a level reported as comparable with standards of cities in Europe. Meanwhile, elite Jesuit scholars who gained access to high courts in Asia engaged in dialogue with local scholars, impressing powerful potentates and distinguishing themselves through their talent in music and their skills in astronomy, mathematics, cartography, languages, and diplomacy. This chapter surveys and critiques the diverse role of music within the global missions of the early modern Society of Jesus, with case studies drawn from Europe, the Americas, and Asia.
Class and Class Struggle
Authors: Heller Henry
Published: September 2018

This chapter affirms that class and class struggle were fundamental to Marx’s conception of history. His claims are affirmed as it is shown that upper-class demands for surplus and lower-class resistance have driven the evolution of society from the Bronze Age to the present and were critical to the passage from the tributary mode of production to the capitalist mode of production. Class struggle exists in all class-based societies but was particularly acute in China and the West. In Classical Antiquity class antagonism mainly took the form of peasant/landlord struggle but also expressed itself in conflict between slave and master. In modern times the bourgeoisie engaged in a two-sided struggle against both the landlord class and against the working class. Its struggle against the latter is ongoing. The state, culture, and ideology are key components of class struggle.
Aging Processes in the Subcortical Auditory System
Authors: Caspary Donald M. , Llano Daniel A.
Published: September 2018

As arguably the third most common malady of industrialized populations, age-related hearing loss is associated with social isolation and depression in a subset of the population that will approach 25% by 2050. Development of behavioral or pharmacotherapeutic approaches to prevent or delay the onset of age-related hearing loss and mitigate the impact of hearing loss of speech understanding requires a better understanding of age-related changes that occur in the central auditory processor. This chapter critically reviews and discusses changes that occur in the auditory brainstem and thalamus with increased age. It briefly discusses age-related cellular changes that occur de novo within the central auditory system versus deafferentation plasticity and animal models of aging. Subsections discuss the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body with an emphasis on age-related changes in neurotransmission and how these changes could underpin the observed loss of precise temporal processing with increased age.
Rethinking Decolonization
Authors: Thomas Martin , Thompson Andrew S.
Published: September 2018

The book’s Introduction reflects on precisely what we understand by decolonization and considers its relevance in light of the more recent and growing interest in global history, as well as the history of globalization. The Introduction explains how the history of decolonization is being rethought as a result of the rise of the ‘new’ imperial history, and this history’s emphasis on race, gender and culture. It also discusses the more recent growth of interest in the histories of globalization and transnational history, as well as in the histories of migration and diaspora, humanitarianism and development, and human rights.
Delusion and Mood Disorders
Authors: Doerr-Zegers Otto
Published: September 2018

After a short introduction, in which definition and epidemiology of delusional ideas in mood disorders are described, the author attempts to develop a psychopathology of these delusions. Next, the author tackles one of the biggest problems delusional depression poses: is it a different nosological entity respecting the non-delusional depression? European psychiatry tends to deny this independence, considering it a severe form of depression. The question should instead be why some depressive patients have delusions and others do not. Following Blankenburg, 1991, the author postulates that some depressive patients have guilt delusions, because in the past they have committed some transgressions which contradict the characteristics of their typus melancholicus personality. Some examples of this link, from the author’s own clinical experience, are presented. In the last section the author develops a phenomenology of delusional depression a propos of a case of nihilistic (Cotard’s) syndrome.
Kenotic Ecumenism
Authors: Jillions John A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the methodology of ecumenism from an Eastern Orthodox perspective. It begins by briefly reviewing the Holy and Great Council that took place in Crete in 2016, and its document on the relations of the Orthodox Church with the rest of the Christian world. The second part looks at the lukewarm or hostile reception of ecumenical dialogue, and the third examines more closely the debates for and against. The chapter then suggests ways to move Christian unity forward through a broader engagement of bishops; reconsidering the bold twentieth-century proposals of Sergius Bulgakov, Nicolas Afanasiev, and Nicholas Zernov; a ‘kenotic ecumenism’ based on Philippians 2:4–7 and the thought of John Zizioulas; and making communion with God the focus of a renewed ecumenical movement in which the Jesus Prayer could play an important unifying role.
Biologic Drugs as Analgesics for the Management of Low Back Pain and Sciatica
Authors: Dimitroulas Theodoros , Lambe Tosin , Raphael Jon H , Kitas George D , Duarte Rui V
Published: September 2018

Objective

To discuss the current knowledge on the impact of commonly used biologic agents (i.e., anti–tumor necrosis factor–alpha [anti-TNF-α] and anti–nerve growth factor [anti-NGF]) in the management of low back pain with or without sciatica.

Methods

A narrative literature review of studies investigating the use of biologic agents for the management of low back pain and sciatica was conducted. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for English language publications. A hand-search of reference lists of relevant studies was also performed.

Results

Although some observational studies showed that inhibition of TNF-α reduced pain and improved function, randomized controlled trials and a meta-analysis failed to demonstrate the superiority of anti-TNF-α over placebo in this regard. Anti-TNF-α, however, reduced the risk of having invasive procedures such as discectomy and radicular block in cases of sciatica. Conversely, controlled studies showed moderate pain reduction and mild functional improvement with anti-NGF administration, but the side effect profile of anti-NGF was unfavorable compared with placebo.

Conclusions

Overall, anticytokine treatments have limited efficacy in patients with chronic low back pain with or without sciatica. However, larger and better-designed studies may need to be performed in specific patient subpopulations. Low back pain is particularly disabling in younger patients. This group therefore represents a potential target population for investigating the effectiveness of anticytokine therapies, especially where other pharmacological and nonpharmacological management strategies have failed.
Identifying and validating blood mRNA biomarkers for acute and chronic insufficient sleep in humans: a machine learning approach
Authors: Laing Emma E , Möller-Levet Carla S , Dijk Derk-Jan , Archer Simon N
Published: September 2018

Acute and chronic insufficient sleep are associated with adverse health outcomes and risk of accidents. There is therefore a need for biomarkers to monitor sleep debt status. None are currently available. We applied elastic net and ridge regression to transcriptome samples collected in 36 healthy young adults during acute total sleep deprivation and following 1 week of either chronic insufficient (<6 hr) or sufficient sleep (~8.6 hr) to identify panels of mRNA biomarkers of sleep debt status. The size of identified panels ranged from 9 to 74 biomarkers. Panel performance, assessed by leave-one-subject-out cross-validation and independent validation, varied between sleep debt conditions. Using between-subject assessments based on one blood sample, the accuracy of classifying “acute sleep loss” was 92%, but only 57% for classifying “chronic sleep insufficiency.” A reasonable accuracy for classifying “chronic sleep insufficiency” could only be achieved by a within-subject comparison of blood samples. Biomarkers for sleep debt status showed little overlap with previously identified biomarkers for circadian phase. Biomarkers for acute and chronic sleep loss also showed little overlap but were associated with common functions related to the cellular stress response, such as heat shock protein activity, the unfolded protein response, protein ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and apoptosis. This characteristic response of whole blood to sleep loss can further aid our understanding of how sleep insufficiencies negatively affect health. Further development of these novel biomarkers for research and clinical practice requires validation in other protocols and age groups.
Microtubule acetylation but not detyrosination promotes focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration
Authors: Bance Bertille , Seetharaman Shailaja , Leduc Cécile , Boëda Batiste , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Published: September 2018

Microtubules play a crucial role in mesenchymal migration by controlling cell polarity and the turnover of cell adhesive structures on the extracellular matrix. The polarized functions of microtubules imply that microtubules are locally regulated. Here, we investigated the regulation and role of two major tubulin post-translational modifications, acetylation and detyrosination, which have been associated with stable microtubules. Using primary astrocytes in a wound healing assay, we show that these tubulin modifications are independently regulated during cell polarization and differently affect cell migration. In contrast to microtubule detyrosination, αTAT1-mediated microtubule acetylation increases in the vicinity of focal adhesions and promotes cell migration. We further demonstrate that αTAT1 increases focal adhesion turnover by promoting Rab6-positive vesicle fusion at focal adhesions. Our results highlight the specificity of microtubule post-translational modifications and bring new insight into the regulatory functions of tubulin acetylation.
The genomic architecture and molecular evolution of ant odorant receptors
Authors: McKenzie Sean K. , Kronauer Daniel J.C.
Published: September 2018

The massive expansions of odorant receptor (OR) genes in ant genomes are notable examples of rapid genome evolution and adaptive gene duplication. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to gene family expansion remain poorly understood, partly because available ant genomes are fragmentary. Here, we present a highly contiguous, chromosome-level assembly of the clonal raider ant genome, revealing the largest known OR repertoire in an insect. While most ant ORs originate via local tandem duplication, we also observe several cases of dispersed duplication followed by tandem duplication in the most rapidly evolving OR clades. We found that areas of unusually high transposable element density (TE islands) were depauperate in ORs in the clonal raider ant, and found no evidence for retrotransposition of ORs. However, OR loci were enriched for transposons relative to the genome as a whole, potentially facilitating tandem duplication by unequal crossing over. We also found that ant OR genes are highly AT-rich compared to other genes. In contrast, in flies, OR genes are dispersed and largely isolated within the genome, and we find that fly ORs are not AT-rich. The genomic architecture and composition of ant ORs thus show convergence with the unrelated vertebrate ORs rather than the related fly ORs. This might be related to the greater gene numbers and/or potential similarities in gene regulation between ants and vertebrates as compared to flies.
Subjective aspects in the thematic representation of photographic images
Authors: Torres Adriana Aparecida Lemos , Maculan Benildes C.M.S , Dias Célia da Consolação , Silva Gislene Rodrigues da
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present the results of an analysis about the subjectivity in the process of thematic representation of photographs.

Design/methodology/approach

The experiments were applied to students of the Course of Librarianship (Biblioteconomia) of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, during the discipline “thematic representation of images”. The methodology included two methods of analysis: in free form and using four methodologies: the methods of Panofsky (1979), Smit (1996), Shatford (1986) and Manini (2002).

Findings

The results showed that subjectivity is always present, even with the use of methodologies.

Research limitations/implications

This paper shows the importance of doing the librarian course and the need to improve and update their methods, standards, techniques and tools to provide subsidies for the normalization of subject analysis as an essential procedure for information retrieval.

Practical implications

It is concluded that thematic representation of images requires clear and detailed indexation policies that can systematize the activity and minimize the effects of the subjectivity involved.

Social implications

The determination of the subject of the document involves many factors. One of them is the cognition of the indexer, which is influenced by his prior knowledge, limitations and biases about the context. However, it must take into account, above all, the social reality of the user, as the main purpose of the representation is the retrieval of information.

Originality/value

This study contributes to reaffirm the importance of the indexing discipline in vocational training in librarianship courses, emphasizing the cognitive aspects to which the indexer will be subject.
Computational analysis of turbulent flow through an eccentric annulus under different temperature conditions
Authors: Ulker Erman , Korkut Sıla Ovgu , Sorgun Mehmet
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to solve Navier–Stokes equations including the effects of temperature and inner pipe rotation for fully developed turbulent flow in eccentric annuli by using finite difference scheme with fixing non-linear terms.

Design/methodology/approach

A mathematical model is proposed for fully developed turbulent flow including the effects of temperature and inner pipe rotation in eccentric annuli. Obtained equation is solved numerically via central difference approximation. In this process, the non-linear term is frozen. In so doing, the non-linear equation can be considered as a linear one.

Findings

The convergence analysis is studied before using the method to the proposed momentum equation. It reflects that the method approaches to the exact solution of the equation. The numerical solution of the mathematical model shows that pressure gradient can be predicted with a good accuracy when it is compared with experimental data collected from experiments conducted at Izmir Katip Celebi University Flow Loop.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is that Navier–Stokes equations including temperature and inner pipe rotation effects for fully developed turbulent flow in eccentric annuli are solved numerically by a finite difference method with frozen non-linear terms.
Technical issues and energy efficient adaptive reuse of heritage listed city halls in Queensland Australia
Authors: Yazdani Mehr Shabnam , Wilkinson Sara
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Adaptive reuse of heritage stock has several advantages: retention of culturally and socially significant buildings, as well as the opportunity to consider embodied energy, energy efficiency retrofit measures and other environmental upgrades. The purpose of this paper is to identify the technical issues faced in the adaptive reuse of Australian heritage listed city halls and discuss sustainable strategies to enable further adaptations to be more energy efficient.

Design/methodology/approach

Adaptive reuse of a heritage building provides an opportunity to retain embodied energy, improve energy efficiency and enhance durability, which are important aspects of the technical lifecycle of a building. Using a case study methodology and a qualitative approach, this paper evaluates adaptations and the technical issues faced in three heritage city halls in Queensland, Australia.

Findings

The analysis shows that enhancing energy efficiency enables heritage buildings to reduce their climate change impacts. However, the installation of equipment for energy efficiency can pose technical issues for heritage buildings. The ownership of heritage building and interest of the local community affects the solutions that are viable. Solutions and further sustainable strategies are proposed through analysis of case studies.

Originality/value

City halls globally adopt different and varied architectural designs, features and scales. They are often heritage listed and locally significant landmarks that have undergone various adaptations; however, they have been overlooked in much adaptive reuse research, particularly in Australia. City halls differ from other heritage buildings in their collective sense of ownership which is important in regard to proposed changes, as citizens have an interest and hold opinions which may affect measures adopted. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge related to energy efficient technical adaptive reuse of city halls.
Wind power and real estate prices in Oklahoma
Authors: Castleberry Becca , Greene John Scott
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Oklahoma has seen rapid growth in the development of wind energy over the past decade. Residents are concerned about the negative impacts of turbines such as noise or their appearance. This has raised concerns about property values. Thus, this paper aims to examine and quantify the overall impact of wind turbines upon real estate prices in Western Oklahoma.

Design/methodology/approach

Sales prices and the history of approximately 23,000 residential real estate records for both platted and unplatted properties in five counties were examined prior to the announcement of construction, after announcement and after construction. A hedonic analysis was undertaken to examine the real estate prices of the properties near wind farms.

Findings

While there may be isolated instances of lower property values for homes near wind turbines, results show no significant decreases in property values over homes near wind farms in the study area. Similar results are found for the unplatted properties.

Practical implications

This paper highlights that in spite of mixed attitudes toward wind farms and misconceptions regarding the link between turbines and property values, Oklahoma’s growing wind industry can continue to thrive without negatively impacting nearby home and land values and prices.

Originality/value

Although there have been numerous studies examining the relationship between wind turbine locations and real estate prices, no study has combined the large quantity of records (over 23,000) as well as both platted and unplatted locations.
Supporting process improvements with process mapping and system dynamics
Authors: Bowles David E. , Gardiner Lorraine R.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of combining process mapping and system dynamics (SD) in an organization’s ongoing business process improvement projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Norfield Industries, designer and manufacturer of prehung door machinery, used process mapping and SD in a project targeting the improvement of its design document control process. The project team first used process mapping to document its current process and identify potential improvements. The team then developed an SD model to investigate the potential impacts of proposed process changes.

Findings

The case study supports the communication and transparency benefits of process mapping reported in earlier studies. Consistent with other case studies using simulation, SD provided useful insights into possible results of proposed process changes.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have limitations with respect to generalizability consistent with the use of a case study methodology.

Practical implications

Organizational managers desiring to include simulation modeling in process improvement efforts have a choice between discrete event simulation and SD. SD may prove able to consume less organizational resources than discrete-event simulation and provide similar benefits related to reducing the risks associated with process changes.

Originality/value

The current case study adds to the existing literature documenting the use of process mapping combined with simulation modeling in process improvement efforts. The case study supports existing literature regarding the value of process mapping in making system processes more transparent. The results also support previous findings regarding the value of SD for simulating the possible results associated with scenarios under consideration for process improvements.
International franchising and performance: a resource-based perspective
Authors: Ghantous Nabil , Das Shobha S.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate international franchise performance. It focuses on how franchisors conceive their international performance, the drivers of their international performance, and how age-at-entry moderates the impact of their resources and capabilities (R&C) on international performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the lens of the resource-based view of the firm, the authors build on franchisor voice from a qualitative study (n=28) to propose a research model of international franchise performance. A second, quantitative study (n=89) tests the model with PLS structural equation modeling.

Findings

Franchisors view international performance in terms of relationship satisfaction with foreign franchisees and performance in comparison to competitors. The empirical results show that relationship satisfaction significantly improves comparative performance. Both franchisor-owned resources, the brand and knowhow, enhance only comparative performance, while all three international relational capabilities, related to knowhow transfer, monitoring, and contract design, and both reconfigurational capabilities, related to organizational responsiveness and innovativeness, improve relationship satisfaction. Only contract design and innovativeness increase comparative performance. Finally, late internationalization reinforces franchisor ability to leverage relational and reconfigurational capabilities for better relationship satisfaction.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to research on international franchise performance. It uses a mixed-method design and offers the first quantitative investigation of the drivers of international franchise performance. This research also integrates the role of franchisor R&C with franchisor strategic choices, through the moderating effect of internationalization timing.
Moderating effects of marketing communication and financial consideration on customer attitude and intention to purchase Islamic banking products
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Enamul , Nik Hashim Nik Mohd Hazrul , Azmi Mohammad Hafizi Bin
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a conceptual framework that can facilitate investigations concerning the impact of marketing communication and financial consideration on the relationship between customer attitude and purchase intention of Islamic banking products and services.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper is structured based on the extant literature; it provides a review of theoretical perspectives, highlights the gap and illustrates the significance for developing a framework.

Findings

The authors identify notable patterns and limitations in previous empirical studies. Specifically, despite increasing interest in Islamic banking customer behavior, prior research has not given much attention to explore moderating effects on the customer attitude–intention link. This has left researchers and bank managers with very limited information to explain the conditions that enhance customers’ attitude and intentions toward Islamic banking products. Based on this backdrop, the paper displays a viable research model with propositions that assess potential moderating effects on the domain relationship.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes to Islamic banking and management literature because prior research has predominantly focused on variables that directly influence customers’ behavior. This novel conceptual framework enables managers to better understand their customers and has implications for emerging themes, such as formulating strategies for specific customer groups and internationalization process. In addition, this paper provides a starting point to empirically examine whether and how the proposed moderators affect the link between customer attitude and behavioral intentions to purchase Islamic banking products.

Originality/value

To the best of knowledge, this is the first attempt to introduce relevant moderating variables for investigating the attitude and intention nexus in an Islamic banking context. Furthermore, the authors propose a new measure, namely, profit-loss sharing proportions which could enhance customers’ intention to purchase Islamic banking products.
Public libraries in Switzerland: RDA and the FRBRization watershed
Authors: Banfi Elisa , Gaudinat Arnaud
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Swiss public libraries are experiencing a normative revolution connected to new cataloging standards, such as RDA and the FRBRization of catalogs.

Design/methodology/approach

Thanks to semi-structured interviews, the paper analyzes the current positioning of Swiss public libraries on the “bibliographic transition” issue by using a case study of the network of municipal libraries in Geneva.

Findings

In Switzerland, the federal and multi-linguistic structure of the library networks increases the organizational obstacles to the adoption of new cataloging principles and formats. At the local level, the Swiss municipal libraries have to cope with this complexity to transform their structures and continue to offer competitive and effective services to their users.

Practical implications

The paper proposes six scenarios of technology watershed for the analyzed case study and their consequences for cataloging standards and rules.

Social implications

The paper shows how the adoption of technological and conceptual innovations has to be done in the face of real organizational and administrative constraints, especially in the case of public lending libraries.

Originality/value

The paper analyzes at the empirical and theoretical levels how, especially in Switzerland, the variety of governance levels and linguistic areas have made strategizing more complex for public lending libraries.
MoPpe1 partners with MoSap1 to mediate TOR and cell wall integrity signalling in growth and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Qian Bin , Liu Xinyu , Jia Jia , Cai Yongchao , Chen Chen , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang
Published: September 2018

In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling pathway governs cell wall changes in response to external cues and normal CWI signalling is critical for appressorium function and pathogenicity. We previously characterized the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase MoMkk1 as an integral component of the CWI pathway. Using the affinity purification approach, we have identified MoMkk1‐interacting MoPpe1 as a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae serine/threonine protein phosphatase Sit4/Ppe1. We found that MoPpe1 is required for vegetative growth, conidiation and full virulence. In addition, we found that MoPpe1 interacts with MoSap1, a protein with functions similar to MoPpe1. Intriguingly, we found that MoPpe1–MoSap1 interaction is related to CWI and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways. We presented evidence suggesting that MoPpe1 and MoSap1 function as an adaptor complex linking CWI and TOR signalling and that the activation of the TOR pathway leads to suppression of CWI signalling, resulting in defects in appressorium function and pathogenicity. Taken together, our studies not only reveal important functions of MoMkk1–MoPpe1–MoSap1 interactions in growth and pathogenicity of the blast fungus, but also highlight the complexity of regulatory networks involving conserved yet novel regulatory mechanisms of CWI and TOR signalling.
Primary cutaneous non‐pigmented mycotic cyst contained in an epidermal inclusion cyst: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dai Christina , Snyder Sandra L. , Scannon Michael A. , Cerruto Carlos A.
Published: September 2018

Primary cutaneous mycotic cysts are uncommon dermal or subcutaneous fungal lesions. The most commonly implicated organisms are species within a heterogeneous group of pigmented fungi called dematiaceous fungi. Mycotic cysts usually present as solitary lesions and can be caused by traumatic introduction of fungal elements by foreign bodies or present as a cutaneous manifestation of systemic fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a 63‐year‐old immunocompetent male who developed a non‐erythematous solitary nodule after doing yardwork. Histopathologically, a benign‐appearing epidermal inclusion cyst was apparent containing a splinter with keratinous granular debris and no indication of inflammatory host reaction. However, abundant non‐pigmented hyphae were visualized after a periodic acid‐Schiff stain was performed. This case offers an interesting histopathological view of a non‐pigmented mycotic cyst contained within an epidermal inclusion cyst with a true epithelial lining. It also raises the question of whether mycotic cysts caused by non‐pigmented fungi are rare or simply under‐diagnosed because of their deceptively benign initial appearance. Even in the absence of an inflammatory or granulomatous host response, we recommend investigating for fungal elements in lesions where a splinter or other foreign body material is present in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
Therapies and outcomes of congenital hyperinsulinism‐induced hypoglycaemia
Authors: Banerjee I. , Salomon‐Estebanez M. , Shah P. , Nicholson J. , Cosgrove K. E. , Dunne M. J.
Published: September 2018

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare disease, but is the most frequent cause of persistent and severe hypoglycaemia in early childhood. Hypoglycaemia caused by excessive and dysregulated insulin secretion (hyperinsulinism) from disordered pancreatic β cells can often lead to irreversible brain damage with lifelong neurodisability. Although congenital hyperinsulinism has a genetic cause in a significant proportion (40%) of children, often being the result of mutations in the genes encoding the KATP channel (ABCC8 and KCNJ11), not all children have severe and persistent forms of the disease. In approximately half of those without a genetic mutation, hyperinsulinism may resolve, although timescales are unpredictable. From a histopathology perspective, congenital hyperinsulinism is broadly grouped into diffuse and focal forms, with surgical lesionectomy being the preferred choice of treatment in the latter. In contrast, in diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism, medical treatment is the best option if conservative management is safe and effective. In such cases, children receiving treatment with drugs, such as diazoxide and octreotide, should be monitored for side effects and for signs of reduction in disease severity. If hypoglycaemia is not safely managed by medical therapy, subtotal pancreatectomy may be required; however, persistent hypoglycaemia may continue after surgery and diabetes is an inevitable consequence in later life. It is important to recognize the negative cognitive impact of early‐life hypoglycaemia which affects half of all children with congenital hyperinsulinism. Treatment options should be individualized to the child/young person with congenital hyperinsulinism, with full discussion regarding efficacy, side effects, outcomes and later life impact.
From Partnership to Liberation
Authors: Crawford Janet
Published: September 2018

Although there were more women present at the 4th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) at Uppsala in 1968 than at previous assemblies, they still formed less than 10 percent of the voting delegates. There was thus a large discrepancy between the WCC's theological statements on the cooperation of women and men and the various power structures found in the WCC and its member churches. Nevertheless, Uppsala marked a significant turning point for women in the WCC. The expansion of the WCC, the commitment to restructuring, and the emergence of new leadership all contributed to the beginning at Uppsala of a new era in the ecumenical movement, leading to a shift in discourse from cooperation to liberation, and a new awareness of women's universal struggle for liberation from all forms of discrimination and oppression.
Political Ecumenism and 1968
Authors: Westhelle Maike
Published: September 2018

The political night prayers in Cologne were a project that reflected the politicization and ecumenism that occupied the Christian confessions in 1968, not only in Uppsala. They were an attempt to consistently bring public policy and faith together. A large group of organizers, influenced by the work of women intellectuals, held monthly services that dealt with current issues. They were distinguished by the information they provided and by discussions, which aimed at stimulating meditation and concrete actions. The services attracted up to a thousand participants and became well known throughout Germany. The political night prayers encountered resistance from church leaders and conservative theologians. In this project, ecumenism was realized as local political ecumenism.
“Behold, I Make All Things New”
Authors: Moltmann Jürgen
Published: September 2018

The theme of the 4th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Uppsala in 1968 was “Behold, I make all things new.” God's great promise in Revelation precisely reflected the fears and hopes of the turbulent 1960s. This promise is realized in the experience of faith, and in this certainty, Christianity goes out to meet the great future of God in the world. The connection between this promised future and the advent of the new creation experienced by Christians was captured in Uppsala by the concept of “anticipation.” This article traces the impetus of the impulse of the Uppsala assembly through the World Student Conference in Finland in 1968 and the Conference on World Mission and Evangelism in Bangkok in 1973–73.
Survival of the fewest: Microbial dormancy and maintenance in marine sediments through deep time
Authors: Bradley James A. , Amend Jan P. , LaRowe Douglas E.
Published: September 2018

Microorganisms buried in marine sediments are known to endure starvation over geologic timescales. However, the mechanisms of how these microorganisms cope with prolonged energy limitation is unknown and therefore yet to be captured in a quantitative framework. Here, we present a novel mathematical model that considers (a) the physiological transitions between the active and dormant states of microorganisms, (b) the varying requirement for maintenance power between these phases, and (c) flexibility in the provenance (i.e., source) of energy from exogenous and endogenous catabolism. The model is applied to sediments underlying the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre where microorganisms endure ultra‐low fluxes of energy for tens of millions of years. Good fits between model simulations and measurements of cellular carbon and organic carbon concentrations are obtained and are interpreted as follows: (a) the unfavourable microbial habitat in South Pacific Gyre sediments triggers rapid mortality and a transition to dormancy; (b) there is minimal biomass growth, and organic carbon consumption is dominated by catabolism to support maintenance activities rather than new biomass synthesis; (c) the amount of organic carbon that microorganisms consume for maintenance activities is equivalent to approximately 2% of their carbon biomass per year; and (d) microorganisms must rely solely on exogenous rather than endogenous catabolism to persist in South Pacific Gyre sediments over long timescales. This leads us to the conclusion that under oligotrophic conditions, the fitness of an organism is determined by its ability to simply stay alive, rather than to grow. This modelling framework is designed to be flexible for application to other sites and habitats, and thus serves as a new quantitative tool for determining the habitability of and an ultimate limit for life in any environment.
Lithology and radiolarian age of the Ryokami‐yama Chert Formation in eastern Mt. Ryokami: Possible décollement zone in Permian pelagic sequence in mid‐Mesozoic accretionary complexes of Southwest Japan
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi , Matsuoka Atsushi
Published: September 2018

Uppermost Permian–lowermost Triassic siliceous claystone is well‐known as being a possible décollement zone in accretionary processes of mid‐Mesozoic accretionary complexes in Southwest Japan; meanwhile, fewer studies have focused on other décollement zones in Permian pelagic sequences. The Ryokami‐yama Thrust in the Southern Chichibu terrane, eastern Mt. Ryokami, Kanto Mountains, has been considered an out‐of‐sequence thrust and might show a former décollement zone in the formation's Permian pelagic sequences. This study shows the Permian pelagic sequences (lithology and radiolarian age) of the Ryokami‐yama Chert Formation on the Ryokami‐yama Thrust. The basal part of the Ryokami‐yama Chert Formation consists of pale‐green basaltic tuff breccia and overlying red‐ocher thick‐bedded chert intercalating dolomites. The red‐ocher thick‐bedded chert yielded radiolarians of the Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria Range‐Zone of the Sakmarian (Cisuralian: lower Permian). Compilation of the Permian pelagic sequences of the mid‐Mesozoic accretionary complexes in previous studies indicates that the bases of the Permian chert of many geologic units are concentrated in the Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria Range‐Zone. The following hypothesis is suggested here: the basaltic rock underlying the Sakmarian chert acted as a décollement zone in the Permian pelagic sequences of some geologic units of the mid‐Mesozoic accretionary complexes.
Benthic habitat selection in juvenile European eel Anguilla anguilla: implications for coastal habitat management and restoration
Authors: Christoffersen Mads , Svendsen Jon C. , Kuhn Jesper A. , Nielsen Anders , Martjanova Anastasija , Støttrup Josianne G.
Published: September 2018

The critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla is dependent on suitable habitat qualities over a vast geographic area. Even though a significant proportion of the population never enters fresh water, the preferred benthic habitat is largely unknown in the marine environment. Examining substratum selection in A. anguilla reveals that elvers prefer coarse gravel, suggesting that conservation efforts may benefit from targeting this type of substratum in marine coastal areas.
An insight into thermodynamic aspects of ultrasonication effect on hydration mechanism of wheat
Authors: Shafaei S. M. , Nourmohamadi‐Moghadami A. , Kamgar S.
Published: September 2018

There is an inevitable demand for attempts to be made regarding hydration process enhancement of agricultural products. In this realm, application of cutting‐edge ultrasound technology has been recently arisen as promising tool. This investigation covers thermodynamic aspects of the effect of ultrasonication on hydration mechanism of wheat. The hydration process was performed at five hydration temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C in ultrasonication conditions named control (without ultrasound treatment), US1 (25 kHz, 360 W), and US2 (40 kHz, 480 W). Thermodynamic parameters of activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, and the Gibbs free energy during hydration process were then determined. In accordance with obtained values of the parameters, it can be addressed that ultrasound‐assisted hydration process was endothermic reaction corresponds to an increase in system order as well as it was not spontaneous for each experimental hydration temperature and ultrasonication condition. It should be also pointed out that ultrasonication condition reduced activation energy, enthalpy change, and the Gibbs free energy change by approximately 15, 17, and 9%, respectively. However, it increased entropy change by approximately 9% for all hydration temperatures.

Practical applications

The outcome of this attempt could be served as a tool for deep root understanding of heat and mass transfer phenomena during ultrasound‐assisted hydration process of wheat kernel in seed priming, flour milling (tempering), making dough, and wet storage processes.
Numerical study of a plate heat exchanger using CFD: Comparison of texture loss assessed by rheological measurements
Authors: Schaer Nicolas , Odinot Jean‐Marie , Tang Kasui , Dufresne Matthieu , Vazquez José , Isenmann Gilles
Published: September 2018

The producers of dairy products must control the final quality of products by evaluating their textures. Certain devices on production lines such as heat exchangers cause texture losses, affecting product consistency. The mechanical stress due to plate heat exchangers is often at the origin of this change, although evaluations of products as they flow through heat exchangers are lacking. This work proposes a coupled approach to determine texture loss for yoghurt in a heat exchanger using rheological measurements and a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach. The results are based on the quantification of mechanical stress and compared with experimental measurements performed to evaluate texture loss in yoghurt samples.

Practical applications

The objective of this work is to optimize the production lines for dairy products such as yoghurts. To date, texture losses appear during their manufacture, resulting in a decrease in viscosity compared with the desired quality on the final product. By describing the behavior of yoghurt in a plate heat exchanger, the Computational Fluid Dynamics can diagnose mechanical stress and provide information that producers cannot access to improve their process. The work was carried out on a laboratory plate heat exchanger, which was used to select the yoghurt cultures used to produce the finished product. Simulations bring mechanical stress information to producers. They can thus correlate it to the loss of texture. The aim is to be able to reproduce this mechanical stress with devices other than the plate heat exchanger, but by first evaluating by modeling the mechanical stress to be applied.
Good handling practices in food and beverage areas of hotels: Evaluation of improvements achieved versus financial investments
Authors: Serafim Ana Lúcia , Stangarlin‐Fiori Lize , Hecktheuer Luisa Helena Rychecki
Published: September 2018

The study evaluated to implement good handling practices in the food and beverage areas of hotels under guidance of an outsourced professional and to evaluate the investments needed for their implementation and maintenance. A checklist for good handling practices was applied and a plan of action was developed to correct the nonconformities found. After 22 months, the checklist was applied again and a survey was conducted of the initial financial investments, and the investments for maintenance of the program and of the number of guests served during the implementation. After the financial investments and the accompaniment by an outsourced professional were made, the hotels had significant improvements (p = .0051) in the hygienic‐sanitary conditions. In relation to costs, the requirement that had the highest initial investment was for buildings, installations, equipment, furniture, and utensils ($ 166.71 to $ 34,002.57). There was significant improvement between the first and second evaluations, which demonstrates the importance of skilled outsourced professionals to assist in the changes and investments made in the implementation of good handling practices.

Practical applications

This study is important because it evaluates to implement good handling practices in the food and beverage areas of hotels under guidance of an outsourced professional and the investments needed for their implementation and maintenance, to assist in the development of tools and strategies to improve hygienic‐sanitary conditions and to make the owners and other professionals involved in the segment aware of the importance of investing in order to reduce the risk of foodborne disease.