bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: pH‐Controllable Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Chak Chun‐Pong , Lo Chui‐Man , Wong Wing‐Yan , Xuan Shouhu , Cheng Christopher H. K.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α2‐Agonists as Analgesic Agents
Authors: Giovannoni Maria Paola , Ghelardini Carla , Vergelli Claudia , Dal Piaz Vittorio
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry of π‐Extended Analogues of TTF and Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Perez Emilio M. , Illescas Beatriz M. , Herranz M. Angeles , Martin Nazario
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structural Diversity of Acidic Lipopeptide Antibiotics
Authors: Strieker Matthias , Marahiel Mohamed A.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Potential Role of Green Tea Catechins in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome — A Review
Authors: Thielecke Frank , Boschmann Michael
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Bremner John B. , Samosorn Siritron
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: With N and S (Se) Atoms
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin , Yang Bingwei V.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxido‐Reductive Processes by Nucleophilic Radical Addition under Mild Conditions
Authors: Gambarotti Cristian , Punta Carlo
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Color Modulation for Intramolecular Charge Transfer Induced Chemiluminescence of 1,2‐Dioxetanes
Authors: Matsumoto Masakatsu , Watanabe Nobuko , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Ijuin Hisako K.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinorganic Chemistry of Copper and Zinc Ions Coordinated to Amyloid‐β Peptide
Authors: Faller Peter , Hureau Christelle
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant Orthoesters
Authors: Liao Shang‐Gao , Chen Hua‐Dong , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tomato‐Derived Polysaccharides for Biotechnological Applications: Chemical and Biological Approaches
Authors: Tommonaro Giuseppina , Poli Annarita , de Rosa Salvatore , Nicolaus Barbara
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomolecule‐Nanoparticle Hybrids for Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Guo Shaojun , Dong Shaojun
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microcoil Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Webb A. G.
Published: May 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasmonically Controlled Nucleic Acid Dehybridization with Gold Nanoprisms
Authors: Jones Matthew R. , Millstone Jill E. , Giljohann David A. , Seferos Dwight S. , Young Kaylie L. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: May 2009

Remote release: Triangular gold nanoprisms convert 1064 nm laser irradiation into heat selectively to allow the dehybridization of oligonucleotide conjugated to their surface (see scheme). These conjugates show unprecedented morphological stability under hours of irradiation. Released nucleic acids are unharmed by this process and can be repeatedly dehybridized and sequestered under spatiotemporal control.

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Temperature inside burning polymer specimens: Pyrolysis zone and shielding
Authors: Schartel B. , Weiß A.
Published: May 2009

On the basis of two examples, temperature measurements are proposed within burning polymer specimen during the cone calorimeter test; especially to gain deeper insight into the actual pyrolysis conditions and flame retardancy mechanism. The heating and pyrolysis within a poly(methyl methacrylate) specimen were characterized, discussing the characteristic maximum heating rates (165−90°Cmin−1 decreasing with depth within the specimen and >275°Cmin−1 at the initial surface), pyrolysis temperature (454−432°C decreasing in accordance with decreasing heating rates), thickness of the pyrolysis zone (0.5–1.3 mm) and its velocity (1.2−2.1 mm min−1) as a function of sample depth and burning time. Thermally thick behaviour corresponds to a pyrolysis zone thickness of 0.74 mm and a velocity of 1.51 mm min−1 and occurs until the remaining specimen thickness is less than 8 mm. The shielding effect against radiation occurring in a layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposite was investigated. It is the main flame retardancy effect of the silicate‐carbon surface layer formed under fire. The reradiation from the hot surface is increased by a factor of around 4–5 when an irradiance of 70kWm−2 is applied. The energy impact into the pyrolysis zone is crucially reduced, resulting in a reduction of fuel production and thus heat release rate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrent chemotherapy with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and oropharynx: A retrospective single‐institution analysis
Authors: Saba Nabil F. , Edelman Scott , Tighiouart Mourad , Gaultney Jennifer , Davis Lawrence W. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Chen Amy , Grist William , Shin Dong M.
Published: May 2009

Background

We present outcome data from concurrent chemotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx and oropharyx.

Methods

Eighty patients with laryngeal (n = 15) or oropharyngeal (n = 65) SCC underwent concurrent IMRT and chemotherapy (cisplatin or carboplatin/paclitaxel).

Results

The 3‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 81.2% and 78.3%, respectively, with a median follow‐up of 31.2 months. There was a statistically significant correlation between OS and DFS with N classification (p = .0001), but not with disease site or T classification. Toxicities compared favorably with prior reports using conventional radiation therapy.

Conclusions

This retrospective analysis reveals a very good outcome and an acceptable toxicity profile for patients with locally advanced SCC of the oropharynx and larynx treated with chemotherapy and IMRT concurrently. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Voice profile after type I or II laser chordectomies for T1a glottic carcinoma
Authors: Sjögren Elisabeth V. , van Rossum Maya A. , Langeveld Ton P. M. , Voerman Marika S. , van de Kamp Vivienne A. H. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J.
Published: May 2009

Background

Can a “typical” voice in terms of auditory perception be defined after type I or II chordectomy? Do other parameters in a multidimensional voice protocol correlate to this perceptual profile?

Methods

Voice evaluation using a multidimensional voice protocol including perceptual (GRBAS; grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain scale), acoustic, aerodynamic, stroboscopic analyses, and self‐assessment (Voice Handicap Index [VHI]) in a cohort of 37 consecutive patients with T1a midcord glottic carcinoma.

Results

Sixty‐five percent of patients had dysphonia, dominated by mild breathiness (mean grade 1.4). Voice Handicap was minimal (mean VHI 19). Acoustic and aerodynamic parameters were only mildly deviant. The correlations between perceptual analysis and the other parameters were weak.

Conclusion

The typical laser treated voice (type I or II resections) is characterized by mild breathiness in perceptual analysis. Correlations with other parameters, including patients' self assessment, are weak. Therefore, these outcomes do not form 1 integrated voice profile. This may have consequences for clinical decision‐making. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
In vivo gene expression in response to anodically oxidized versus machined titanium implants
Authors: Omar Omar , Svensson Sara , Zoric Neven , Lennerås Maria , Suska Felicia , Wigren Stina , Hall Jan , Nannmark Ulf , Thomsen Peter
Published: May 2009

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique (qPCR) in combination with scanning electron microscopy was applied for the evaluation of early gene expression response and cellular reactions close to titanium implants. Anodically oxidized and machined titanium miniscrews were inserted in rat tibiae. After 1, 3, and 6 days the implants were unscrewed and the surrounding bone was retrieved using trephines. Both the implants and bone were analyzed with qPCR. A greater amount of cells, as indicated with higher expression of 18S, was detected on the oxidized surface after 1 and 6 days. Significantly higher osteocalcin (at day 6), alkaline phosphatase (at days 3 and 6), and cathepsin K (at day 3) expression was demonstrated for the oxidized surface. Higher expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (at day 1) and interleukin‐1β (at days 1 and 6) was detected on the machined surfaces. SEM revealed a higher amount of mesenchymal‐like cells on the oxidized surface. The results show that the rapid recruitment of mesenchymal cells, the rapid triggering of gene expression crucial for bone remodeling and the transient nature of inflammation, constitute biological mechanisms for osseointegration, and high implant stability associated with anodically oxidized implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Optimization of chitosanase production from Bacillus sp. RKY3 using statistical experimental designs
Authors: Wee Young‐Jung , Reddy L. V. A. , Chung Ki‐Chul , Ryu Hwa‐Won
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: The culture medium and fermentation conditions for the production of constitutive chitosanase from a newly isolated Bacillus sp. RKY3 were optimized statistically.

RESULTS: The variables significantly influencing both chitosanase production and cell growth were screened through the Plackett–Burman design, by which maltose, beef extract, MgSO4, and incubation time were identified as the most significant variables. The optimum values of the selected variables and their mutual interactions were determined through the steepest ascent method and Box–Behnken experimental design. The results demonstrated that 62.30 U mL−1 chitosanase activity was predicted with optimum conditions of maltose (30.18 g L−1), beef extract (15.25 g L−1), MgSO4 (0.26 g L−1), and incubation time (50.02 h). The predicted response was verified by the validation experiments, and the optimum conditions resulted in a maximum chitosanase activity of 63.53 ± 1.22 U mL−1.

CONCLUSION: The optimization of fermentation variables resulted in an approximately 11.3‐fold increase in chitosanase activity compared with that observed under unoptimized conditions (from 5.63 U mL−1 to 63.53 U mL−1). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐diffusion coefficients obtained from proton‐decoupled carbon‐13 spectra for analyzing a mixture of terpenes
Authors: Yemloul Mehdi , Castola Vincent , Leclerc Sébastien , Canet Daniel
Published: May 2009

In the limit of sufficient sensitivity, natural abundance 13C offers a much better spectral resolution than proton NMR. This is due to an important chemical shift range and to proton‐decoupling conditions that yield one peak per carbon with practically no overlap. However, pulsed gradient spin echo experiments, which lead to the diffusion coefficient associated with each peak, have scarcely been employed. In this article, we present and compare different ways to access this quantity and we have effectively verified that, without any precaution, diffusion coefficients cannot be properly determined from standard procedures. The cause of such a failure is decoupling during the gradient pulses. We have used a very simple remedy that proved to be very successful on a model mixture of three monoterpenes and that appears as being of general applicability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel method for dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in poly(ethylene oxide) matrix using dicarboxylic acid salts
Authors: Ratna Debdatta , Abraham T. N. , Siengchin S. , Karger‐Kocsis J.
Published: May 2009

A simple and novel aqueous method was elaborated to disperse multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix using the sodium salts of suberic acid (half and fully neutralized versions, HNSA and FNSA, respectively) as the modifiers. The incorporation of HNSA significantly improved the dispersion of MWCNT in PEO as reflected in a significant increase in melt viscosity and storage modulus in rheological measurements and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, respectively. FNSA was proved to be the less efficient in this respect. This was explained in terms of cation‐Π (between FNSA, HNSA, and electron cloud of the CNT) and H‐bonding interactions (between HNSA and PEO) in accordance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results. The dielectric and crystallization behaviors of the PEO/MWCNT/salt systems were studied and discussed, as well. The advantage of this method, applicable for water soluble polymers, is that it does not fully destroy the Π electron cloud of CNT opposed to chemical functionalization techniques. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1156–1165, 2009
Self‐assembled complexes of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine)
Authors: Hameed Nishar , Guo Qipeng
Published: May 2009

Polymer complexes were prepared from high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The hydrogen bonding interactions, phase behavior, and morphology of the complexes were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this A‐b‐B/C type block copolymer/homopolymer system, P4VP block of the block copolymer has strong intermolecular interaction with PAA which led to the formation of nanostructured micelles at various PAA concentrations. The pure PS‐b‐P4VP block copolymer showed a cylindrical rodlike morphology. Spherical micelles were observed in the complexes and the size of the micelles increased with increasing PAA concentration. The micelles are composed of hydrogen‐bonded PAA/P4VP core and non‐bonded PS corona. Finally, a model was proposed to explain the microphase morphology of complex based on the experimental results obtained. The selective swelling of the PS‐b‐P4VP block copolymer by PAA resulted in the formation of different micelles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1192–1202, 2009
Preparation and characterization of hybrid membranes for fuel cell applications: EPDM filled with organophilized silicas
Authors: Escribano P. G. , Cánovas M. J. , Ojeda M. C. , dEL Río C. , Sánchez F. , Acosta J. L.
Published: May 2009

This work reports on the preparation and characterization of hybrid membranes based on blends of ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) and different organophilized silicas. The films obtained were crosslinked to improve mechanical stability, and heterogeneously sulfonated to convert them in proton conducting systems. The structural characterization consisted on the analysis of their thermal and mechanodynamical transitions by DSC and DMA, the verification of the introduction of sulfonic groups by infrared spectroscopy (ATR), and the obtaining of information about the silica location and distribution within the polymer by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM‐EDX). The electrical characterization was made using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, methanol crossover and water up‐take were determined, and the results were compared with those of Nafion®117. Results show that sulfonation of the styrene rings has effectively occurred. Conductivity value is higher and methanol crossover is lower than in Nafion for all experimental samples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1203–1210, 2009
IL1B polymorphisms modulate cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Levy Hara , Murphy Amy , Zou Fei , Gerard Craig , Klanderman Barbara , Schuemann Brooke , Lazarus Ross , García K. Christopher , Celedón Juan C. , Drumm Mitch , Dahmer Mary , Quasney Michael , Schneck Kaitlyn , Reske Melissa , Knowles Michael R. , Pier Gerald B. , Lange Christoph , Weiss Scott T.
Published: May 2009

Rationale

Variability in pulmonary disease severity is found in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have identical mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. We hypothesized that one factor accounting for heterogeneity in pulmonary disease severity is variation in the family of genes affecting the biology of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which impacts acquisition and maintenance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in animal models of chronic infection.

Methods

We genotyped 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL‐1 gene cluster in 808 CF subjects from the University of North Carolina and Case Western Reserve University (UNC/CWRU) joint cohort. All were homozygous for ΔF508, and categories of “severe” (cases) or “mild” (control subjects) lung disease were defined by the lowest or highest quartile of forced expired volume (FEV1) for age in the CF population. After adjustment for age and gender, genotypic data were tested for association with lung disease severity. Odds ratios (ORs) comparing severe versus mild CF were also calculated for each genotype (with the homozygote major allele as the reference group) for all 58 SNPs. From these analyses, nine SNPs with a moderate effect size, OR ≤0.5 or >1.5, were selected for further testing. To replicate the case‐control study results, we genotyped the same nine SNPs in a second population of CF parent–offspring trios (recruited from Children's Hospital Boston), in which the offspring had similar pulmonary phenotypes. For the trio analysis, both family‐based and population‐based associations were performed.

Results

SNPs rs1143634 and rs1143639 in the IL1B gene demonstrated a consistent association with lung disease severity categories (P < 0.10) and longitudinal analysis of lung disease severity (P < 0.10) in CF in both the case‐control and family‐based studies. In females, there was a consistent association (false discovery rate adjusted joint P‐value <0.06 for both SNPs) in both the analysis of lung disease severity in the UNC/CWRU cohort and the family‐based analysis of affection status.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that IL1β is a clinically relevant modulator of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:580–593. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using antagonistic fungi, plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and cattle manure
Authors: Siddiqui Zaki A , Futai Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: Biocontrol achieved by a single biocontrol agent is generally inconsistent under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to increase the competitiveness and efficacy of biocontrol agents by using them together with cattle manure.

RESULTS: The effects of antagonistic fungi [Aspergillus niger v. Teigh., Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson and Penicillium chrysogenum Thom] and plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) [Azotobacter chroococcum Beijer., Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Pseudomonas putida (Trev.) Mig.] were assessed with cattle manure on the growth of tomato and on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita (Kof. & White) Chitwood. Application of antagonistic fungi and PGPR alone and in combination with cattle manure resulted in a significant increase in the growth of nematode‐inoculated plants. The highest increase (79%) in the growth of nematode‐inoculated plants was observed when P. putida was used with cattle manure, followed by use of P. lilacinus plus cattle manure. Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a high reduction in galling and nematode multiplication, followed by P. putida, B. subtilis, A. niger, A. chroococcum and P. chrysogenum. The combined use of P. lilacinus with cattle manure resulted in a maximum reduction in galling and nematode multiplication.

CONCLUSION: Application of P. lilacinus or P. putida with cattle manure was useful to achieve greater biocontrol of M. incognita on tomato. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effentora: fentanyl buccal tablet for breakthrough cancer pain
Authors: Zeppetella Giovambattista
Published: May 2009

Effentora is a new nonparenteral fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain that is placed between the upper cheek and gum and is rapidly absorbed through the buccal mucosa. Here, the author discusses the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and describes its place in treatment. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Menorrhagia: recommended treatments in primary care
Authors: Mohan Shruti , Page Louise , Rusman Vivian , Higham Jenny
Published: May 2009

A range of surgical and nonsurgical treatments for menorrhagia are now available to suit the needs of most patients. Our Drug review discusses the properties and efficacy of current therapies, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Excessive spending on self‐monitoring blood glucose in T2D
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: May 2009

NICE and UK consensus guidelines do not recommend routine selfmonitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. This article appraises an economic analysis of the potential savings that could be made if the published guidance was followed more closely. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
South Devon Joint Formulary: a tool for cost‐effective prescribing
Authors: Roberts Jo , Gammie Shivaun
Published: May 2009

The South Devon Joint Formulary is a joint venture between secondary and primary care and an established evidence‐based tool to support prescribing in South Devon. Here, the authors discuss how the joint formulary developed and its impact on local prescribing. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Vacancies in magnesium silicide – stoichiometric vacancies preferred?
Authors: Staab Torsten E. M.
Published: May 2009

Magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) in its calcium fluorite (CaF2) structure is a hardly investigated material up to now. However, it may play an important role in upcoming new materials for photovoltaic applications due to its semiconducting properties and the fact that it is consisting of non‐poisonous elements. On the other hand metastable phases of Mg2Si play an extremely important role in the hardening of 6xxx (AlMgSi‐based) aluminum alloys. Hence, it seems worth investigating the formation energy of vacancies in Mg2Si. In this paper we calculate the formation energy for vacancies on the different sublattices using the ab‐initio method SIESTA. While the values for the silicon (1.04 eV) and the magnesium vacancy (1.74 eV) lie in the expected range, the formation energy of the di‐vacancy and the stoichiometic tri‐vacancy turn out to be just 0.68 eV and 0.78 eV, respectively. This is smaller than the value for both mono‐vacancies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS): a resist for OMCVD gold nanoparticle growth
Authors: Rezaee Asad , Wong Kenneth Kar Ho , Manifar Touraj , Mittler Silvia
Published: May 2009

One application of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is its use as thin film resists. In this work, we demonstrated that OTS SAMs can be reliable resists for organo‐metallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). In optical sensing applications based on Au NPs, one candidate system consists of patterned OTS SAMs and precisely grown OMCVD Au NPs for achieving a high sensitivity. As an initial step, the OTS SAMs need to perfectly resist the OMCVD Au NP growth. Hence the optimized formation of the OTS SAMs affected by different assembly times and baking temperatures was studied by contact angle, ellipsometry, XPS, SEM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To demonstrate the ability of the OTS SAMs to resist OMCVD Au NP growth, the OMCVD process was carried out on two sets of samples: OTS SAMs fabricated under optimized conditions on one set and the other set without OTS SAMs. High‐resolution XPS, RBS, SEM, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy were applied to study the growth of Au NPs on the samples with and without OTS SAM resists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specifying features of an evolving software system
Authors: Tun Thein Than , Trew Tim , Jackson Michael , Laney Robin , Nuseibeh Bashar
Published: May 2009

Software development is increasingly concerned with maintaining and extending existing software systems to meet the evolving user requirements. Many of these systems are feature‐rich and are developed incrementally. As structures of existing software systems—in addition to the user requirements—influence the specifications, specifying these systems poses unique challenges. This paper reports on our experience of applying an engineering approach to specifying an evolving feature‐rich television software system. In this approach, features are specified modularly by first fitting their problems to known problem patterns, and then analyzing typical concerns—meaning the potential causes of errors—associated with those patterns. In cases where the existing design poses difficulties when fitting problems to patterns, we transform its structure using known design mechanisms so that the problems fit the patterns. After deriving specifications of individual features, possible interactions between features are detected, before declaratively specifying resolutions to undesired interactions. As the concerns of features and their composition are addressed separately, the specifications derived are modular, thus, providing rich treaceability to their requirements. As well as discussing how features may be specified using natural language, we also show how their descriptions may be formalized using a form of temporal logic called the Event Calculus, and prove their correctness using an off‐the‐shelf tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthese, Röntgenstrukturanalyse und katalytische Aktivität neuer Erdalkalimetall‐Alkinkomplexe
Authors: Schumann Herbert , Steffens Alexandra , Hummert Markus
Published: May 2009

Synthesis, X‐ray Structures and Catalytic Activity of New Alkyne Complexes of the Alkaline Earth Metals

Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (1) reacts with equal amounts of HC≡CPh and HC≡CSiMe3 in THF yielding [(Me3Si)2NMgC≡CPh(THF)]2 (2) and [(Me3Si)2NMgC≡CSiMe3(THF)]2 (3), respectively. The reactions of (C5HMe4)MgBu (4), prepared in situ from Mg(C5HMe4)2 and MgBu2, with HC≡CPh and HC≡CSiMe3 in THF afford [(C5HMe4)MgC≡CPh(THF)]2 (5) and (C5HMe4)MgC≡CSiMe3(THF)2 (6). The reaction of equivalent amounts of metallic Ca, C5H2Me4 and HC≡CPh results in the formation of [(C5HMe4)CaC≡CPh(THF)]2 (7). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the new compounds as well as the single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 3, 5, and 6 are reported and discussed. The alkyne complexes 3, 5, 6, and 7 catalyze the polymerization of methylmethacrylate.
Superficial Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Trunk
Authors: Lachenmayer Anja , Yang Qin , Eisenberger Claus F. , Boelke Edwin , Poremba Christopher , Heinecke Antje , Ohmann Christian , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Peiper Matthias
Published: May 2009

Background

Superficial soft tissue sarcomas (sSTS) are an important and frequent subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A wider knowledge of this tumor type may lead to better strategies in tumor therapy.

Methods

An institutional review was performed on all patients with primary sSTS of the extremities and trunk operated on between 1990 and 2003.

Results

The medical records of 108 patients with sSTS were analyzed. The local recurrence rate was 11% after a median of 25 (mean 42) months. Metastases occurred in 21 patients (19%), and 79 patients lived without evidence of disease after a mean follow‐up of 112 ± 42 months. Mean survival time was 89 months at a cumulative 5‐year survival rate of 85%. R0 resection significantly enhanced cumulative survival (p =. 001), as did patient age < 60 years (p =. 002), tumor grading G1 and G2 compared to G3 (p =. 004), absence of positive lymph nodes (p =. 018), and no occurrence of metastases (p =. 001). Tumor size ≤ 5 cm reduced the local recurrence rate significantly (p =. 044). Significant multivariate risk factors for metastases were age ≥ 60 years (p =. 016) and tumor grade G3 (p =. 021).

Conclusions

Patients with sSTS who are ≥60 years of age or who have G3 tumors have a high risk of distant metastases. Patients with T2 tumors have an elevated risk for local recurrence. Certainly all patients with sSTS should be in a tight after‐care program to allow early diagnosis of local recurrence or distant metastases. Age < 60 years, tumor grade G1/2, no positive regional lymph nodes (N0), and a R0 resection are significant prognostic factors for survival.
Continuous and Localized Mn Implantation of ZnO
Authors: Sanz R , Jensen J , González-Díaz G , Martínez O , Vázquez M , Hernández-Vélez M
Published: May 2009

We present results derived from continuous and localized 35 keV55Mn+ion implantations into ZnO. Localized implantations were carried out by using self-ordered alumina membranes as masks leading to ordered arrays of implanted volumes on the substrate surfaces. Defects and vacancies in the small implantation volumes of ZnO were generated due to the implantation processes besides the creation of new phases. Rapid thermal annealing was applied in the case of continuous implantation. The samples were characterized by HRSEM, GIXRD, Raman spectroscopy and RBS/C. Magnetic characterization of the samples pointed out appreciable differences among the samples obtained by the different implantation methods. This fact was mainly attributed to the different volume/surface ratios present in the implanted zones as well as to the increase of Mn atom concentrations along the grain frontiers in the nanostructured surfaces. The samples also showed a ferromagnetic transition phase at temperature value higher than room temperature.
Independent risk factors for postoperative pain in need of intervention early after awakening from general anaesthesia
Authors: Mei Wei , Seeling Matthes , Franck Martin , Radtke Finn , Brantner Benedikt , Wernecke Klaus‐Dieter , Spies Claudia
Published: May 2009

Despite advances in postoperative pain management, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain is still ranging 20–80%. In this retrospective study, we investigated 1736 patients to determine the incidence of postoperative pain in need of intervention (PPINI)defined as numeric rating scale >4 at rest in the post anaesthesia care unit early after awakening from general anaesthesia, and to identify possible risk factors. The proportion of patients with PPINI was 28.5%. On multivariate analysis, younger age (OR = 1.300 [1.007–1.678], p = 0.044), female gender (OR = 1.494 [1.138–1.962], p = 0.004), obesity (OR = 1.683 [1.226–2.310], p = 0.001), use of nitrous oxide (OR = 1.621 [1.110–2.366], p = 0.012), longer duration of surgery (OR = 1.165 [1.050–1.292], p = 0.004), location of surgery (musculoskeletal OR = 2.026 [1.326–3.095], p = 0.001; intraabdominal OR = 1.869 [1.148–3.043], p = 0.012), and ASA‐PS I–II (OR = 1.519 [1.131–2.039], P = 0.005) were identified as independent risk factors for PPINI. Patients with PPINI experienced significantly more PONV (10.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.003), more psychomotor agitation (5.5% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.004), needed more application of opioid in PACU (62.8% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001), stayed significantly longer in PACU (89.6 min [70–120] vs. 80 min [60–100], p < 0.001), had a longer median length of hospital stay (6.6 days [4.0–8.8] vs. 6.0 days [3.2–7.8]], p < 0.001), and longer postoperative stay (5.0 days [3.0–6.5] vs. 4.1 days [2.5–5.8], p < 0.001]). Patients with PPINI required more piritramid (8.0 mg [5.0–12.0] vs. 5.0 mg [3.0–7.8], p < 0.001) in PACU than patients without. The identification of patients at high risk for immediate postoperative pain in need of intervention would enable the formation of effective postoperative pain management programs.
PGE2‐induced lasting nociception to heat: Evidences for a selective involvement of A‐delta fibres in the hyperpathic component of hyperalgesia
Authors: Bastos Lúcia C. , Tonussi Carlos R.
Published: May 2009

Animal models for mechanical pressure or heat nociception usually only measure the threshold response latency. In this study, the effect of typical sensitising treatments on the lasting nocifensive behaviour elicited after a supra‐threshold heating stimulus – the hyperpathic component of hypernociception – was assessed. Male Wistar rats received either intra‐plantar (i.pl.) injection of 350 ng PGE2(50 μL) or topical application (t.a.) of 100% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 10 mM capsaicin. One hour after the paw treatments the number of nocifensive events (NNE) was scored hourly (6 h), for 5 min, immediately after a hind paw immersion in hot water (50 °C/7 s). PGE2, DMSO and capsaicin increased the NNE ‐induced by the supra‐threshold stimuli. Indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg i.p.), given 30 min before paw treatments, completely inhibited NNE in all groups (P< 0.01). However, indomethacin given 60 min after PGE2did not reverse this sensitisation. PGE2and DMSO did not lower the heat threshold in the paw withdrawal test, although carrageenan and capsaicin were effective (P< 0.05). Capsaicin neonatal treatment (CNT) (50 mg/kg) reduced the sensitisation induced by DMSO and capsaicin (P< 0.01), but not that induced by PGE2. These data suggest that the heat‐induced lasting nociception is probably conveyed by Að nociceptors, and PGE2seems to be more selective to induce this phenomenon than the thermal threshold lowering. In addition, this hyperpathic effect induced by DMSO and capsaicin seems to be indirectly mediated by PGE2and C‐fibres.
Sublingual versus oral misoprostol for uterine evacuation following early pregnancy failure
Authors: Kushwah Beenu , Singh Abha
Published: May 2009

Objective

To compare the efficacy of misoprostol administered sublingually or orally for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure.

Method

Forty‐eight hours after receiving 200 mg of mifepristone orally, 100 women were randomized to receive misoprostol sublingually or orally.

Results

The evacuation rates were 92% in the sublingual and 84% in the oral administration group; the mean ± SD induction‐to‐evacuation intervals were 5.6 ± 4.54 hours and 9.44 ± 5.61 hours, this difference being significant; and the adverse effects were similar in the 2 groups.

Conclusion

The sublingual route was found to be as effective but faster than the oral route for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure.
From reproductive choice to reproductive justice
Authors: Cook Rebecca J. , Dickens Bernard M.
Published: May 2009

Since the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development, the human rights movement has embraced the concept of reproductive rights. These are often pursued, however, by means to which objection is taken. Some conservative political and religious forces continue to resist implementation of several means of protecting and advancing reproductive rights. Individuals' rights to grant and to deny consent to medical procedures affecting their reproductive health and confidentiality have been progressively advanced. However, access to contraceptive services, while not necessarily opposed, is unjustifiably obstructed in some settings. Rights to lawful abortion have been considerably liberalized by legislative and judicial decisions, although resistance remains. Courts are increasingly requiring that lawful services be accommodated under transparent conditions of access and of legal protection. The conflict between rights of resort to lawful reproductive health services and to conscientious objection to participation is resolved by legal duties to refer patients to non‐objecting providers.
The relative Abundance of Bacillus Coli Communis in River Water as an Index of the Self-Purification of Streams
Authors: Jordan Edwin Oakes
Published: May 2009

It is well known that fresh sewage always contains large numbers of the common colon bacillus. It is also true that when a water source is polluted with any considerable quantity of fresh sewage it is usually possible to demonstrate the presence of the colon bacillus in such water. Upon these familiar facts have been based various methods and conclusions of greater or less value to public hygiene.
Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa
Authors: Barrow George I.
Published: May 2009

1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.

2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).

3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).

4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.

5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.

6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.

7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.

8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.
Observations relating to the Structure and Geographical Distribution of certain Trypanosomes
Authors: Petrie G. F.
Published: May 2009

The following notes on trypanosomes which I have observed in certain mammals, birds, and goldfish obtained in the neighbourhood of Elstree in Hertfordshire appear worthy of publication, for the reason that our knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of trypanosomes is far from complete. No description has as yet been given of the trypanosomes found in bats by various observers, and a species encountered by me in the mole is, I believe, new.
Canine Piroplasmosis. III. Morbid Anatomy
Authors: Graham-Smith G. S.
Published: May 2009

In the preceding paper the morphology of the parasites found in the peripheral circulation and in the organs of eleven dogs experimentally infected with Canine Piroplasmosis has been described. In the following pages will be considered the morbid lesions found in hese dogs, and the proportions of the variously infected red corpuscles to one another, both in the organs and in the blood.
On the Presence of a Sarcosporidium in the Thigh Muscles of Macacus Rhesus
Authors: de Korté W. E.
Published: May 2009

As far as can be ascertained this sporozoon has not been described before as occuring in a monkey, though several cases have been recorded in man1 and in a number of other mammals.
Observations on the Meningococcus Carrier-Rate in relation to density of population in Sleeping Quarters
Authors: Glover J. A.
Published: May 2009

1. A high meningococcus carrier-rate in a military unit denotes that dangerous overcrowding exists in this unit.

2. Severe overcrowding (i.e. when beds are less than 1 foot apart) is usually accompanied by a carrier-rate (serological) of at least 20 per cent.

(Twenty per cent. is the danger line indicated in the War Office Memorandum on Cerebro-spinal Fever, March 1917.)

3. A carrier-rate of this height will usually imply that the mobilization standard of 40 square feet has been infringed, and also that beds are less than 1 foot apart.

4. A carrier-rate of 20 per cent. (without awaiting the occurrence of any actual cases of the disease) should be regarded as a signal for prompt and effective action to abolish overcrowding, and to improve ventilation, and to increase the distance between the beds to at least 2½ feet.

5. The distance between beds is of paramount importance.

6. Carrier-rates of between 10 and 20 per cent. are unsatisfactory and imply a certain degree of overcrowding. They must be watched with suspicion, and the mobilization standard strictly enforced.

7. Under the same conditions of overcrowding “non-contact” carrier-rates are the same as “contact” carrier-rates.

8. Quite a moderate degree of “spacing out” of beds, combined with simple methods for improving ventilation are highly efficient agents in reducing high carrier-rates.

9. When, however, a unit shows a high carrier-rate, insistence on the restoration of the mobilization standard is not sufficient.

“Spacing out” must be carried further; and a distance of at least 2½ feet between beds insisted on.

The “peace” standard of 3 feet between beds and 60 square feet of floor space with 600 cubic feet of air space would, of course, be still more effective.

10. The mobilization standard, introduced for a grave emergency, is the lowest possible concession to military necessity, which can be allowed with safety.
Studies of Selective Bactericidal Action
Authors: Cooper E. Ashley , Mason John
Published: May 2009

1. The three organisms B. pyocyaneus, B. fluorescens-liquefaciens and non-liquefaciens form a closely related group of organisms both biologically and also by reason of their behaviour towards disinfectants.

2. Bacteriological observations support the view that germicides can naturally be divided into two classes, viz. “chemical” and “physico-chemical,” their actions on micro-organisms depending respectively on

(1) Chemical reactivity with protoplasmic constituents.

(2) Denaturation or precipitation of the cell proteins.

3. B. fluorescens non-liquefaciens and related organisms are selectively attacked by “physico-chemical” germicides, e.g. phenol, whilst B. coli is less sensitive to their action, but is particularly susceptible to the “chemical” disinfectants, e.g. quinones.

The B. fluor. non-liq. group is also more readily affected by hot water than B. coli.

4. Substitution of various groups into the benzene nucleus in the case of aromatic disinfectants affects the germicidal power on B. coli and B. fluor. non-liq. unequally, with the result that the selective action and differentiation may be obscured or even reversed in the case of the substituted derivatives.

5. B. fluor. non-liq. is more sensitive than B. coli to the action of reducing agents, and this factor also affects the degree and nature of selective action, sometimes resulting in the classification of “chemical” germicides in the “physico-chemical” group.

6. Selective action is not affected by changes in experimental conditions, such as temperature and period of disinfection, nature of culture medium, number of bacteria present, or physical state of the disinfectant. The susceptibility of B. fluor. non-liq. to the action of hot water, and such germicides as phenol and alcohol, is thus probably associated in some way with its internal colloid state.

7. The analogy between the action of hot water and that of the alcohols and phenols is borne out by preliminary experiments with the thermophile bacteria (heat resistant). These organisms are somewhat less sensitive to phenol that B. coli, and more susceptible to p-nitrosodimethylaniline.