bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of the Hunger Hormone Leptin in the Aetiology of Postoperative Anorexia After Laparoscopic and Open Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Jagric Tomaz
Published: September 2021

Background: Laparoscopic surgery produces lesser postoperative inflammation with a smaller cytokine and leptin response, and might thus reduce postoperative anorexia compared to open surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of serum leptin in postoperative anorexia after laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were operated on either with open or laparoscopic surgery. Correlations were determined between the serum levels of leptin, clinico-pathological characteristics, serum haemoglobin and albumin. Results: Serum leptin levels on day seven were correlated significantly to gender (p=0.004), BMI (p=0.002) and tumour grade (p=0.033). In the patients with CRP < 100 mg/l the leptin levels on day seven were significantly lower after the laparoscopic operation (p=0.042) and in patients with lower BMI (p=0.001). The linear regression model determined a significant correlation between the relative concentration of leptin on day seven and laparoscopic surgery (Beta -0.688; p < 0.0001), gender, BMI, location of the tumour, T stage, N stage, perioperative therapy, tumour grade, perineural invasion, Lauren histological type and ulceration. In patients with CRP levels below 100 mg/ml the serum level of albumin on day seven after surgery was significantly higher in patients after laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery produced significantly lower relative leptin concentrations on day seven, and higher serum albumin levels in the subgroup with CRP levels below 100 mg/l at discharge. These results suggested that laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery might reduce postoperative leptin response, leading to a better nutritional status at discharge compared to open surgery.
Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design
Authors: Zeraoui Ahmed , Maherzi Walid , Benzerzour Mahfoud , Abriak Nor-Edine
Published: September 2021

CO2 emissions resulting from the production of cement is a major issue, but can be limited by the partial substitution of cement by low-carbon-impact additions. The aim of this study was the formulation of a ternary binder based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and flash-calcined sediment (FCS), a dredged waste which was valorized after applying a new heat treatment: flash calcination. The used materials were physically, chemically and mineralogically characterized. The composition of the formulations was optimized using mixture designs. Five formulations, one reference formulation RM (100% OPC), one binary formulation (50% OPC/50% GGBS), and three ternary formulations with a variable FCS rate (10%, 15%, 20%), were selected and characterized fresh and hardened. Results showed that the incorporation of FCS reduced the workability and increased the density. In addition, a decrease in the initial setting time and the heat of hydration peak were observed. In the hardened state, the formulation containing 10% FCS showed 90-day mechanical strengths superior to that of RM. The use of FCS in ternary binders could reduce the environmental impact by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A Study on Health Recognition of Local Residents to Establish Local Healthcare Projects in the with-COVID-19 Age
Authors: Lee Bo-Woo
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the awareness of local residents regarding healthcare projects and to suggest some ideas for the revision of local ones. Methods: To delve into the opinions of local residents, the author of this study created a questionnaire composed of eight questions on the general characteristics of the respondents, eight questions on satisfaction with health centers, 16 questions on the awareness of healthcare projects, and 22 questions on local healthcare. The survey was conducted for 409 residents who visited public centers in Gimcheon from 15 March to 14 April 2021. Results: Data analysis revealed the following: The proportion of local residents who use health centers was 39.1%, and those users visit health centers, on average, 3.92 times a year. Among healthcare projects, the project known by the highest proportion of people was vaccinations (84.5%), which was also the project that was most used (38.1%). Among healthcare projects needed in the with-COVID-19 age, respondents awarded the highest score to vaccinations (4.15 points on a five-point Likert scale) and the second highest score to infectious disease management (4.12). Conclusions: For healthcare projects, central and local governments should focus on activating vaccinations, solving the problem of medical accessibility through untact remote treatment and establishing national infectious disease-specializing hospitals and local infectious disease management based on such national hospitals.
Risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases in the Arctics
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kraeva L.A. ,   S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Panin A.L. ,   Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Goncharov A.E. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vlasov D.Yu. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Goncharov N.E. ,   Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sboychakov V.B. ,   S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

In the conditions of further development of the Arctic it is especially important to preserve the health of the population permanently or temporarily located in this territory. In recent years significant changes have taken place in the biosphere of the Arctic region under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The population morbidity is accounted for by a number of diseases. However, the infectious component and the factors contributing to its growth remain poorly understood. Objective. To study various biocenoses in the Arctic region as potential risk areas for the spread of infectious diseases among the population. Materials and methods. The material for microbiological studies was selected in 2018–2019 in the archipelagos of Svalbard and Severnaya Zemlya. A total of 139 samples from various samples of natural, anthropogenic and ornithogenic biocenoses were studied. Research methods: classical bacteriological, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis, statistical data analysis. Results. During the study of Arctic samples were isolated and identified 309 viable bacterial strains and representatives of 117 species of micromycetes. Of all the isolated strains, the most important are Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, representatives of the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Conclusion. The risk factors for the spread of infectious disease pathogens in the Arctic region were identified: an increase in the number and diversity of isolated microorganisms of medical significance in dynamics; identification of pathogens of infections associated with medical care and saprozoonoses among them. Key words: Arctic, Svalbard and Severnaya Zemlya archipelagos, infectious diseases, pathogens of medical care-related infections and saprozoonoses, polar microorganisms
Peculiarities of non-typhoidal serotypes Salmonella enterica persistence in epithelial cells and macrophages
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Boichenko M.N. , Kravtsova E.O. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Budanova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Volchkova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Belaia O.F. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

Mode of persistence in host cell of nontyphoid serotypes (NTS) of Salmonella enterica depends on the type of host cell. In epithelial cells NTS possess bephase life cycle. They possess ability to evade from salmonella containing vacuole into cytosole, where they begin to cause hyperreplication. In epithelial cell of intestine the large number of replicated NTS are extruded into the lumen of the intestine. Cytosole of macrophages is non permissive for NTS replication. Nonreplicating population of persisters which are tolerant to antibiotic are formed immediately after uptake by macrophages It is proposed that toxin-antitoxin modules promote formation of persister. Intra macrophages NTS reprogram its metabolism forming more beneficial environment for persistence Key words: nontyphoid serotypes of S. enterica, bephase life style, epithelial cell, macrophages, persister, module toxin-antitoxin
Chronic hepatitis C in children with HIV infection: disease phenotype and efficacy of antiviral therapy
Authors:   I.P.Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Yastrebova E.B. , Chernova O.E. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Samara, Russian Federation, Kalyshenko A.M. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Samara, Russian Federation, Vertogradova G.A. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and efficacy of its treatment in children with HIV infection. Patients and methods. This study included 29 children aged 12 to 17 years (mean age 15.1 ± 0.2 years) with perinatal HIV infection and CHC. HIV stages were distributed as follows: stage 4A in 24 individuals (82.8%), stage 4B in 4 individuals (13.8%), and stage 4B in 1 individual (3.4%). All 29 patients received antiretroviral therapy. The distribution of children by HCV genotypes was as follows: 1a in one child (3.4%), 1b in 12 children (41.4%), and 3a in 16 children (55.2%). Antiviral therapy for CHC included glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (3 tablets; 100 mg + 40 mg) once a day for 56 days. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica for Windows software (version 10.0). Results. The mean HCV RNA level was 595,666 ± 34,734 IU/mL (range: 1,100–3,863,025 IU/mL). After 4, 8, or 12 weeks of antiviral therapy for HCV, HCV RNA clearance was achieved in all study participants (p = 0.01). Before treatment initiation, mean CD4+ count was 738 ± 34 cells/μL (above 500 cells/μL), which indicated the absence of immunodeficiency in the group analyzed. Successful antiviral therapy for HCV (sustained virologic response at week 12; SVR 12) also resulted in increase of the CD4+ lymphocytes level, which was considered as a positive effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (p = 0.15). We observed significant differences in the level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) (p = 0.01) between samples collected before antiviral therapy initiation and those collected during treatment, as well as 12 weeks after its completion (SVR12). All children demonstrated good tolerance of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir; none of them had adverse events, complaints, or clinical/laboratory changes. Conclusion. Thus, all children with HIV infection and CHC achieved SVR12 after the 8-week course of antiviral therapy with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir regardless of HCV genotype. Clinical manifestations (hepatosplenomegaly in 62.1%; asthenovegetative syndrome in 31.0%) were eliminated after 8 weeks of therapy. Laboratory manifestations (hepatic cytolysis (AST/ALT)) were normalized after 4 weeks of therapy. Antiviral treatment for HCV resulted in some increase in the level of CD4+ lymphocytes. We observed no adverse events caused by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (neither clinical symptoms nor changes in complete blood count or liver function tests), which confirms the safety of this treatment regimen. Key words: antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection, children, direct-acting antivirals, chronic hepatitis C
Business Cluster and Entrepreneurship Growth in Nigeria: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Mustapha Isiaka , Umaru Mustapha Zubairu , Busra Sakariyau
Published: September 2021

The research in business clusters (BC) system of entrepreneurship development has increased in the recent year.  A plethora of research has explored; entrepreneurship and urban growth, the entrepreneurial attitudes on the structure of support for entrepreneurship in an ecosystem, the effect of business clusters on firm performance and more recently, the dimension of agglomeration, institution and environment on business clusters.  With the aid of Systematic Qualitative Assessment Techniques (SQAT), we review 79 business cluster journal articles published over the last 11 years (2010 – 2020) that sought to provide BC antecedent and impact on entrepreneurship and economy growth to provide a point for future research. Also, the review provides the geographic distribution, time distribution, underlying drivers of previous research, types and method of data collection used by these BC articles. Our findings shed light on the key themes including the evolution of BC, the impact of BC on the economy, application of BCs and the public policy maker roles. Furthermore, there is a dearth of BC research in Africa, South America and Australasia with most BC research are empirical and this represents gaps for future researchers to explore.
“Do Their Own Thing”: Radical Health Care and the Fair Haven Community Health Center
Authors: Lichtman Ezra S.
Published: September 2021

Radical health reform movements of the 1960s inspired two widely adopted alternative health care models in the United States: free clinics and community health centers. These groundbreaking institutions attempted to realize bold ideals but faced financial, bureaucratic, and political obstacles. This article examines the history of Fair Haven Community Health Care (FHCHC) in New Haven, Connecticut, an organization that spanned both models and typified innovative aspects of each while resisting the forces that tempered many of its contemporaries’ progressive practices. Motivated by a tradition of independence and struggling to address medical neglect in their neighborhood, FHCHC leaders chose not to affiliate with the local academic hospital, a decision that led many disaffected community members to embrace the clinic. The FHCHC also prioritized grant funding over fee-for-service revenue, thus retaining freedom to implement creative programs. Furthermore, the center functioned in an egalitarian manner, enthusiastically employing nurse practitioners and whole-staff meetings, and was largely able to avoid the conflicts that strained other community-controlled organizations. The FHCHC proved unusual among free clinics and health centers and demonstrated strategies similar institutions might employ to overcome common challenges. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1806–1814. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306417 )
Natural language indexing for pedoinformatics
Authors: Furey John , Davis Austin , Seiter-Moser Jennifer
Published: September 2021

The multiple schema for the classification of soils rely on differing criteria but the major soil science systems, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the international harmonized World Reference Base for Soil Resources soil classification systems, are primarily based on inferred pedogenesis. Largely these classifications are compiled from individual observations of soil characteristics within soil profiles, and the vast majority of this pedologic information is contained in nonquantitative text descriptions. We present initial text mining analyses of parsed text in the digitally available USDA soil taxonomy documentation and the Soil Survey Geographic database. Previous research has shown that latent information structure can be extracted from scientific literature using Natural Language Processing techniques, and we show that this latent information can be used to expedite query performance by using syntactic elements and part-of-speech tags as indices. Technical vocabulary often poses a text mining challenge due to the rarity of its diction in the broader context. We introduce an extension to the common English vocabulary that allows for nearly-complete indexing of USDA Soil Series Descriptions.
Very Low and High Blood Viscosity are Risk Factors for Internal Flow Choking Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kumar V. R. Sanal , Choudhary Shiv Kumar , Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Bharath R. S. , Chandrasekaran Nichith , Sankar Vigneshwaran , Sukumaran Ajith , Oommen Charlie
Published: September 2021

Herein, we established the proof of the concept of internal flow choking in CVS causing cardiovascular risk through the closed-form analytical, in vitro and in silico methods. An over dose of blood-thinning drug will enhance the Reynolds number, which creates high turbulence level causing an augmented boundary layer blockage factor leading to an early undesirable biofluid/Sanal flow choking at a critical blood-pressure-ratio (BPR). The fact is that in nanoscale vessels when the pressure of fluid increases, average-mean-free-path decreases and thus, the Knudsen number reduces. It leads to the physical situation of no-slip boundary condition with compressible-viscous flow effect. Sanal-flow-choking is a compressible-viscous flow effect establishing a physical condition of the sonic-fluid-throat, at a critical blood pressure ratio (BPR). We concluded that asymptomatic-hemorrhage (AH) and acute-heart-failure (AHF) are transient-events as a result of internal flow-choking in nanoscale and/or large vessels followed by the shock wave creation and transient pressure-overshoot. We concluded that cardiovascular risk could be reduced by simultaneously lessening the blood-viscosity and flow turbulence by increasing thermal-tolerance-level in terms of BHCR and/or by decreasing the blood pressure (BP) ratio.
The Deceleration of Radio/Light Transmission; A Collision Mechanism Dependent Radio Signal Emission, Transmission, and Reception
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: September 2021

The fast and slow fading of radio signal transmissions or laser beam itself and its spare light confirm the presence of two kinds of collisions --- electron-photon and photon-photon collision. Photon transmissions of radio signals are either consecutive dense photon groups in slow fading process or widespread group pattern in fast fading form. The photon transmission shapes are irregular and dynamical changes. The radio frequency shift and the wavelength reduction by the calculation demonstrate decelerations of radio/light transmission speeds due to the gradual reduced distance between two consecutive photon groups along the transmission pathway. Photons from radio signals are able to affect electron movements in radio signal receiving process and electrons able to kick photons into space during radio signal emission. The pattern of free electron movement under the influence of local electromagnetic force in antenna is consistent with the randomly dynamic changes of radio signal in space. The fast fading is due to the collision of consecutive photon groups of signals in slow fading with free photons in space. The shape changes of radio signal peaks suggest photons able to remain in transmission photon groups after photon-photon collision, leading to deceleration transmissions in slow fading. The mathematical equation for the relationship between light/radio transmission speeds before and after photons collisions is established. The equation is confirmed by the calculations of well-known difference of light transmission speeds in different media. The gravities from Earth and Sun play little role during light/radio transmission.
Predicting Mechanical Ventilation For More Than 7 Days In The Emergency Department
Authors: Paik Jin Hui , Kim Jung-Soo , Lee Man-Jong , Park Mi Hwa , Durey Areum , Kim Ah Jin
Published: September 2021

Background: The duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) required by patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) is difficult to predict. We investigated the duration of MV in ED-admitted patients, as well as their clinical progress.Methods: We investigated the duration of MV in adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who were attached to ventilators in our ED between January and December 2017. The patients were divided into two groups; MV <7 days and MV ≥7 days. The patients’ demographic characteristics, diagnoses, clinical features, and underlying diseases were compared between two groups.Results: The study comprised 282 patients including 142 in the MV <7 days group and 140 in the MV ≥7 days group. The MV ≥7 days group had more patients diagnosed with metabolic disorder, pneumonia, neurological disease, sepsis, and multiple trauma, and also had a greater proportion of patients with dementia or stroke as the underlying disease. The mean C-reactive protein level in the MV ≥7 days group was 6.4 mg/dL, which was higher than that in the MV <7 days group. The risk factors for requiring ≥7 days of MV were identified as a diagnosis of stroke as well as having the underlying diseases of cancer and stroke or dementia. Among the laboratory test results, pH, HCO3- , and albumin <3.5 g/dL were identified as factors influencing the duration of MV.Conclusions: MV for ≥7 days is predicted to be required for patients admitted for a stroke; those with underlying cancer or stroke; and those with adverse pH, HCO3-, and albumin blood test results.
Challenges of Emergency Medical Services utilization by the older adults in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Ghafouri Rouzbeh Rajaei , Sahebihagh Mohammad Hasan , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar , Parsian Zahra , Yousefi Mahmood , Azizi-Zeinalhajlou Akbar
Published: September 2021

Background

As the number of older adults is increasing, the health care services such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) should be promoted. One of the preconditions for the use of health services is awareness of these services and their terms of use. This study is conducted to evaluate the awareness of the older adults in Tabriz about EMS and the terms of services.
Methods

This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of over 60 years old noninstitutionalized population in Tabriz (Iran). It included 1062 participants (514 males and 548 females) who were selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method. Service awareness is considered as being informed about the existence of the EMS. Knowledge about EMS is defined as knowing the EMS phone number and knowledge about its free and 24-hour service. After completing the informed consent, data collection was conducted in the households of the participants. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression.
Results

The findings showed that 47% of the older adults were not familiar with the EMS system. Awareness of EMS in males (63.4%) was higher than females (44.2%) and also it was higher among those born in cities (61.2%) than rural areas (46.1%). Holding primary, secondary, and higher education compared with illiteracy had higher chance of awareness of EMS by more than 2, 4, and 12 times respectively (OR = 2.53, OR = 4.69, and OR = 12.09).
Conclusion

Due to high rate of illiteracy and low public awareness, older adults do not have appropriate knowledge about the facilities, conditions, and terms of using EMS and may not be able to demand some of their essential services; therefore, notifying and increasing awareness about the available services to older adults are necessary.
Rule Reductions of Decision Formal Context Based on Mixed Information
Authors: Lin Yidong , Li Jinjin , Huang Ju
Published: September 2021

Three-way concept lattice extracts knowledge from positive and negative information separately. However, some applications require to mix positive and negative information for management and representation explicitly. In this paper, rule acquisition of FCA is extended based on mixed information. Firstly, two types of mixed concept lattices are studied. Then the relationships between mixed concept and classical concept, three-way concept are explored in depth. Secondly, mixed decision rules are investigated thoroughly. And the weak-basis is put forward to approximate to the basis of mixed decision rules. Finally, the comparison of mixed decision rules and three-way decision rules is perfectly discussed.
Lipid Mediator n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid-Derived Protectin D1­(PD1n-3DPA) Enhances Synaptic Inhibition of Hippocampal Principal Neurons by Interaction with a G-Protein Coupled Receptor
Authors: Mikroulis Apostolos , Ledri Marco , Ruffolo Gabriele , Palma Eleonora , Sperk Günther , Dalli Jesmond , Vezzani Annamaria , Kokaia Merab
Published: September 2021

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disease manifested by spontaneous recurrent seizures due to abnormal hyper-synchronisation of neuronal activity. Epilepsy affects about 1% of the population and up to 40% of patients experience seizures that are resistant to currently available drugs, thus highlighting an urgent need for novel treatments. In this regard, anti-inflammatory drugs emerged as potential therapeutic candidates. In particular, specific molecules apt to resolve the neuroinflammatory response occurring in acquired epilepsies have been proven to counteract seizures in experimental models, and in humans. One candidate investigational molecule has been recently identified as the lipid mediator n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived protectin D1(PD1 n-3DPA ) which significantly reduced seizures, cell loss and cognitive deficit in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy. However, the mechanisms that mediate PD1 n-3DPA effect remain elusive. We here addressed whether PD1 n-3DPA has direct effects on neuronal activity independent on its anti-inflammatory action. We incubated therefore hippocampal slices with PD1 n-3DPA and investigated its effect on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to the CA1 pyramidal neurons. We demonstrate that inhibitory drive onto the perisomatic region of the pyramidal neurons is increased by PD1 n-3DPA , and this effect is mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled receptors. Our data indicate that PD1 n-3DPA acts directly on inhibitory transmission, most likely at presynaptic site of inhibitory synapses as also supported by oocyte and immunohistochemical experiments. Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, PD1 n-3DPA anti-seizure and neuroprotective effects may be mediated by its direct action on neuronal excitability by modulating their synaptic inputs.
Pre-Treatment with Quercetin Prevents Dementia in Streptozotocin Treated Zebrafish via Modulation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Pradhan Nilima , Devi Bhawna , Sharma Deepali , Singh Charan , Singh Arti
Published: September 2021

Aim: To examine the protective outcome of quercetin against streptozotocin induced dementia in adult zebrafish. Materials and method: In this study, adult zebrafish (weighing 470-530 mg) were subjected to the streptozotocin administration (300 mg/kg; i.p) followed by a quercetin (50 & 100mg/kg i.p) pre-treatment before 24 hr of streptozotocin administration followed by blood glucose level measurement, behavioral parameters (light-dark test, novel diving test, open field test and T-maze test), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidase, reduced glutathione, nitrite and AChEs activity), molecular and histopathological analysis. Results: In light-dark test, streptozotocin treated zebrafish shown their preference in dark compartment as compared to normal group. In novel diving tank, streptozotocin zebrafish spent less time and decrease in total number of entries to the top zone when compared to the normal group. In the T-maze test, streptozotocin treated zebrafish has shown significantly more time spent in unfavorable zone and less time spent in favorable zone with increase in total latency as compared to normal group. However, in the open field test no significant effect was seen among any group. Moreover, pre-treatment with quercetin (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the memory deficits in all the behavioral, biochemical and molecular parameters as compared to animals treated with streptozotocin. Additionally, results of histopathology studies showed less disruption in neuronal cells in quercetin treated group when compared to STZ treated animals.Conclusion: Pre-treatment with quercetin ameliorates streptozotocin induced dementia in adult zebrafish by preventing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Elagolix Treatment in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yusof Yusnita , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Muhammad Juliawati , Ahmad Imran
Published: September 2021

Background: Elagolix is effective and safe for treating menorrhagia in women with uterine fibroid. However, it is reported to be associated with hypoestrogenism that can be alleviated by adding estradiol/norethindrone acetate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of elagolix treatment in women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroid by comparing: elagolix versus placebo and elagolix versus estradiol/norethindrone acetate.Methodology: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2021, Issue 3 of 12), MEDLINE databases (1980 to December week 1, 2020), and trial registries for relevant randomized clinical trials were used. All randomized clinical trials were reviewed and evaluated. Random effects models were used to estimate the dichotomous outcomes and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias and quality of evidence were assessed. Results: Four randomized controlled trials with 1949 premenopausal women from 323 locations were included. Elagolix improved menstrual blood loss of less than 80 ml (RR 4.81, 95% CI 2.45 to 9.45; four trials, 869 participants; moderate quality evidence) or more than 50% reduction from baseline (RR 4.87, 95% CI 2.55 to 9.31; four trials, 869 participants; moderate quality evidence) compared to placebo. There was no difference in menstrual blood loss of less than 80 ml (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16; five trials, 1365 participants; moderate quality evidence) or more than 50% reduction from baseline between the elagolix (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; five trials, 1365 participants; high quality evidence) and elagolix with estradiol/norethindrone acetate. In both comparisons, elagolix has reduced the mean percentage change in uterine and fibroid volume, improved symptoms, and health-related quality of life. More patients had hot flush, and bone mineral density loss in the elagolix treatment compared to both placebo and elagolix with estradiol/norethindrone acetate.Conclusions: Elagolix appeared to be effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding caused by uterine fibroid and combination with estradiol/norethindrone acetate was able to alleviate the hypoestrogenism side effects in premenopausal women.Review registration. PROSPERO CDR 42021233898.
Haematological, Oxidative Stress and Trace Elements Variations Associated with Emaciation in Pre-Slaughter White Fulani Cows
Authors: Thomas Funmilola Clara , Antia Richard Edem , Mshelbwala Fakilahyel , Ajibola Eyitayo Solomon , Ohore Obokparo Godspower , Rahman Samson Adisa , Ayanleye Abdulhafiz Oloruntoba
Published: September 2021

Pre-slaughter White Fulani cows were purposively sampled on the basis of body condition: emaciated (n=37) and non-emaciated (n=37), with the objective of understanding the intricate interplay of oxidative stress, trace elements and haematological variations during emaciation. Blood was drawn from the jugular vein for haematological analysis and accruing serum was used for the evaluation of malondialdehyde (oxidative stress marker), antioxidant enzymes and compounds, serum protein, electrolytes as well as trace elements. Significant (p < 0.05) differences between the emaciated and non-emaciated cows were established only in the values of copper and reduced glutathione (GSH), which were lower in emaciated cows (EC). None of the animals had packed cell volume (PCV) below the normal reference range, however values above the normal (> 46%) were seen, suggesting dehydration. The PCV in emaciated cattle was slightly lower than in non-emaciated cows. The mean malondialdehyde concentration in non-emaciated cattle was higher than that in emaciated ones, however antioxidants SOD, catalase, Vitamin C and zinc were slightly higher in non-emaciated cows (NEC). Overall, the results indicate that emaciation in studied White Fulani cows (WFC) displayed a variable redox homeostasis confounded by dehydration and depletion of antioxidants.
Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of A Standard Factsheet
Authors: Lim Chloe Yi Shing , He Sharon , Shaw Joanne , Dhillon Haryana M
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To understand the impact of cancer survivors accessing a standard factsheet regarding cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), publicly available to the Australian public via Cancer Council Australia’s websites. Methods: Twenty-three cancer survivors completed a questionnaire assessing pre-factsheet knowledge of CRCI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore participants’ experiences of CRCI and perceptions of the factsheet. Interviews were analysed via thematic analysis using a framework approach. Finally, participants completed another questionnaire assessing post-factsheet change in knowledge of CRCI.Results: Pre- and post-factsheet questionnaire change scores indicated increased knowledge and greater confidence about CRCI. Interview data resulted in five themes: generally positive perceptions of the factsheet’s layout and wording; survivors, regardless of treatments received, experienced CRCI symptoms, with some having strong negative emotional responses to their symptoms; perceptions of the factsheet’s strategies to manage CRCI ranged from relevant and useful, to impractical or unrealistic if symptoms were too severe; interactions with healthcare system influenced survivors’ perceptions of help-seeking, with negative healthcare experiences a major barrier; and, generally positive impacts of the factsheet, with survivors praising the factsheet’s ability to validate the CRCI experience, increase CRCI knowledge, influence health beliefs, and prompt help-seeking.Conclusion: The factsheet presentation and wording were acceptable to participants. Its ability to normalise and raise awareness for CRCI validated participants’ symptoms. The factsheet’s potential as a first-line intervention in a stepped-care approach was identified, with participants finding the suggested self-management strategies practical. The factsheet may overcome barriers to self-reporting by encouraging patients to talk with HCPs about CRCI.
Transgenerational Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Atrazine and Glyphosate Herbicides, Isolated and in Mixture, to Freshwater Microcrustacean Daphnia Magna
Authors: Ramsdorf Wanessa A , Bordin Eduarda Roberta , Munhoz Renan cesar , Panicio Paloma Pucholobek , Freitas Adriane Martins
Published: September 2021

Herbicide mixture is used as an alternative to obtain different mechanisms of action acting on weeds, resulting in the frequent presence of pesticides in environmental compartments. As they are products used worldwide, this study evaluated effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the analytical standards and commercial formulations of the herbicides atrazine (2 µg L− 1) and glyphosate (65 µg L− 1), in isolation and also in mixture (2 + 65 µg L− 1) on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. Through chronic exposure (21 days) of two generations of organisms, effects on survival and reproductive capacity were observed, as well as responses regarding oxidative stress, determined through the analysis of biochemical biomarkers such as catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In the evaluation of the first generation of test organisms, no significant results related to biochemical biomarkers were observed, only effects over sexual maturation of organisms. However, in the second generation of exposed organisms, changes were observed in all parameters evaluated, with the mixture of herbicide active principles being the treatment responsible for more significant responses (p < 0.05). A statistical difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between analytical standards and commercial formulations, indicating that other components present in the formulations can change the toxicity of the products. Given the difficulty of estimating the effects of mixtures and considering that various stressors are found in the environment, our results support the need to carry out studies that address long-term effects and, above all, that verify what the impacts are across generations, so that the toxicity of products is not underestimated.
Did the Angiodysplasia Associated With Heyde's Syndrome Disappear Spontaneously?: A Case Report
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Jiechun , Shi Jiaxi , Qing Lijin , Wu Wei
Published: September 2021

Background: Multidisciplinary clinical manifestations of Heyde's syndrome and finite accuracy of corresponding examinations toward Heyde's triad make it easily omitted or misjudged in practice. Moreover, aortic valve replacement is often delayed because of the contradiction between anticoagulation and hemostasis. Herein, we present a rare case of atypical Heyde's syndrome whose confirmed intermittent bleeding angiodysplasia was not observed via mesenteric arteriography again, but severe bleeding was dramatically improved by transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI) following laparotomy.Case presentation: A 64-year-old female experienced refractory gastrointestinal bleeding and deteriorating exertional dyspnea with a history of hypertension. Exploratory laparotomy was performed because the hemorrhage persisted and repeated transfusions. The subsequent histological examination revealed angiodysplasia. Heyde's syndrome was not suspected until she bled again combined with aortic valve stenosis detected by echocardiography 3 years later. TAVI was consequently performed in a stable condition with the invisibility of angiodysplasia. The post-procedure and follow-up were uneventful.Conclusions: The visible figures of angiodysplasia or shortage of HMWM-vWFs should not be indispensable for the clinical diagnosis of Heyde's syndrome. Laparotomy could be a bridging therapy to aortic valve replacement for severe hemorrhagic patients, and TAVI may benefit high-risk patients with a stable condition.
A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Elder Women With Second Child
Authors: Ge Yurong , Zhang Xin , Zheng Jingyuan , Zeng Fen , Kitili Ike , Chen Qianyi
Published: September 2021

Objective: To explore the psychological changes that may take place in older women with a second child from conception to birth. The study has several aims, including the provision of protection of the overall health level of these women; the maintenance of women's position in the labor market; and the promotion of the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy.Methods: Semi-open interviews were conducted on older women pregnant with their second child. These women were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in one province in western China. The interview content was analyzed using the qualitative research method of Japanese scholar Kinoshita Yasuhito's revised version of grounded theory.Results: Four themes were extracted from the psychological experience of the older women with a second child; these were: Life choice; The mixed feelings of motherhood; The backbone of a family; Second children should be cautious.Conclusion: older women with a second child face physical, psychological, life, and other pressures. To ensure the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy, the Chinese government should speed up the establishment of a fertility support system, including education, medical investment, women’s employment rights protection, and pension burden. Establish and improve relevant policies.
Assembly And Comparative Analysis of The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Acer Truncatum Bunge: A Woody Oil-Tree Species Producing Nervonic Acid
Authors: Ma Qiuyue , Wang Yuxiao , Li Shushun , Wen Jing , Zhu Lu , Yan Kunyuan , Du Yiming , Ren Jie , Li Shuxian , Chen Zhu , Bi Changwei , Li Qianzhong
Published: September 2021

Background: Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). The species is also admired as a landscape plant with high developmental prospects and scientific research value. The A. truncatum chloroplast genome has recently been reported; however, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is still unexplored.Results: We characterized the A. truncatum mitogenome, which was assembled using reads from Pacbio and Illumina sequencing platforms, and performed a comparative analysis against different species of Acer. The circular mitogenome of A. truncatum has a length of 791,052 bp, with a base composition of 27.11% A, 22.21% T, 22.79% G, and 22.89% C. The A. truncatum mitogenome contains 62 genes, including 35 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. We also examined codon usage, sequence repeats, RNA editing, and selective pressure in the A. truncatum mitogenome. To determine the evolutionary and taxonomic status of A. truncatum, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes of A. truncatum and 25 other taxa. We also analyzed gene migration from chloroplast and nuclear genomes to the mitogenome. Finally, we developed a novel NAD1 intron indel marker for distinguishing several Acer species. Conclusions: In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of A. truncatum, a woody oil-tree species producing nervonic acid. The results of our analyses provide comprehensive information on the A. truncatum mitogenome, which should facilitate evolutionary research and molecular barcoding in Acer.
A Novel Joint Index Based on Peripheral Blood CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Ratio, Albumin Level, and Monocyte Count to Determine the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Yu Hongfeng , Yao Hongfeng , Yuan Shijin , Xia Yan , Huang Lei , Shen Yuedi , Zhang Jun , Chen Wei
Published: September 2021

Background: A peripheral blood laboratory test may be an easy and ideal method for determining major depressive disorder (MDD) severity, because the current depression assessment scales lack sensitivity and objectivity. This study was aimed at exploring the association between laboratory parameters and disease severity.Methods: MDD severity in the training and validation cohorts (n = 99 and 97, respectively) was classified using the Hamilton Depression Scale. Pretreatment laboratory parameters were evaluated. Significant severity-associated factors were identified using a multivariate logistic model and combined to develop a joint index through binary logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the index,s discriminative performance.Results: In the training cohort, lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, albumin level, and a higher monocyte percentage (M%) were significantly associated with severe disease (P < 0.05 for all). The index was developed using these factors and calculated as -3.959 CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio − 0.175 albumin level + 0.522 M% + 8.739, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 70%, respectively. The AUC values for the index in the training and validation cohorts were 0.850 and 0.750, respectively, indicating a good discriminative performance.Conclusion: We identified disease severity-associated laboratory parameters that could be easily evaluated—CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, albumin level, and M%—and developed and validated a joint index for discriminating MDD severity.
Assessing Transferability in Systematic Reviews of Health Economic Evaluations – A Review of Methodological Guidance
Authors: Weise Alina , Büchter Roland Brian , Pieper Dawid , Mathes Tim
Published: September 2021

Objective: For assessing cost-effectiveness, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) organisations may use primary economic evaluations (P-HEs) or Systematic Reviews of Health Economic evaluations (SR-HEs). The latter pose the question whether the results from existing P-HEs are transferable across decision contexts (e.g. jurisdictions). A particularly pertinent issue is the high variability of costs and resource needs across jurisdictions. Our objective was to review the methods documents of HTA organisations and compare their recommendations on considering transferability in SR-HE. Methods: We systematically hand searched the webpages of 158 HTA organisations for relevant methods documents from January to March 2019. Two independent reviewers performed searches and selected documents according to pre-defined criteria. One reviewer extracted data in standardised and piloted tables and a second reviewer checked them for accuracy. We synthesized data using tabulations and in a narrative way. Results: We identified 155 potentially relevant documents from 63 HTA organisations. Of these, 7 were included in the synthesis. The included organisations have different aims when preparing a SR-HE (e.g. to determine the need for conducting their own P-HE). The recommendations vary regarding the underlying terminology (e.g. transferability/generalisability), the assessment approaches (e.g. structure), the assessment criteria and the integration in the review process.Conclusion: Only few HTA organisations address the assessment of transferability in their methodological recommendations for SR-HEs. Transferability considerations are related to different purposes. The assessment concepts and criteria are heterogeneous. Developing standards to consider transferability in SR-HEs is desirable.
Sublytic membrane attack complex drives glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction with inflammatory consequences in human monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Jimenez-Duran Gisela , Kozole Joseph , Heap Rachel E. , Dickinson Eleanor , Kwiatkowski Christopher , Zappacosta Francesca , Annan Roland , Galwey Nicholas , Nichols Eva-Maria , Modis Louise , Triantafilou Martha , Triantafilou Kathy , Booty Lee
Published: September 2021

The complement system is an ancient and critical element of the innate immune system. The terminal step in the complement pathway, the membrane attack complex (MAC), has previously been linked to inflammasome activation and is linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegeneration. Using both metabolomic and proteomic approaches, here we show that in human monocyte-derived macrophages a sublytic concentration of MAC mediates a previously uncharacterised metabolic shift, mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulation of glycolysis-promoting genes. This skewing of metabolism coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction drives ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent gasdermin D activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and release. Together, these data elucidate a novel immunometabolic signalling cascade in MAC-stimulated human macrophages, the consequences of which have implications in considering much needed novel therapeutic options for diseases linked to aberrant complement activation