bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic: a follow-up study
Authors: Yen Cheng-Fang , Tsai Ching-Shu , Chang Yu-Ping , Wang Peng-Wei
Published: November 2024

Aims

The aim of this 4-year follow-up study was to examine the predictive effects of demographics, three types of sexual stigma, three types of self-identity confusion, anxiety, depression, family support and problematic Internet use before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk in young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.

Methods

Baseline data were collected from 1,000 lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals in 2018 and 2019. Outcome data on suicide risk were collected again in 2023. The suicide module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess suicide risk in terms of thoughts of death, desire to self-harm, thoughts of suicide, plans for suicide and suicide attempts in the preceding month at the initial and follow-up assessments. Baseline three types of sexual stigma, self-identity disturbance, depression, anxiety and problematic Internet use were used to examine their prediction of new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk at follow-up.

Results

In total, 673 individuals participated in the follow-up survey. Notably, 16.5% of the participants who had no suicide risk at baseline had new-onset suicide risk at follow-up; 46.4% of the participants who had suicide risk at baseline also had suicide risk at follow-up. Participants who were transgender (p = .003), who perceived greater levels of microaggression (p < .001), and who had greater levels of problematic Internet use at baseline (p = .024) were more likely to have new-onset suicide risk at follow-up. Participants who had greater levels of self-identity confusion were more likely to have persistent suicide risk at follow-up (p = .023).

Conclusion

Intervention strategies for reducing suicide risk in lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals should be developed with consideration of the predictors identified in this study.
Polaritons light up future displays
Authors: Mischok Andreas
Published: November 2024

Exciton-polaritons have long been a focus point of fundamental research towards polariton lasing, chemistry, and quantum optics. Recent developments now show their extraordinary potential for efficient and bright displays with ultimate color purity.
CTLA-4 expressing innate lymphoid cells modulate mucosal homeostasis in a microbiota dependent manner
Authors: Lo Jonathan W. , Schroeder Jan-Hendrik , Roberts Luke B. , Mohamed Rami , Cozzetto Domenico , Beattie Gordon , Omer Omer S. , Ross Ellen M. , Heuts Frank , Jowett Geraldine M. , Read Emily , Madgwick Matthew , Neves Joana F. , Korcsmaros Tamas , Jenner Richard G. , Walker Lucy S. K. , Powell Nick , Lord Graham M.
Published: November 2024

The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is a fundamental process critical for organismal integrity. Sitting at the interface of the gut microbiome and mucosal immunity, adaptive and innate lymphoid populations regulate the balance between commensal micro-organisms and pathogens. Checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those targeting the CTLA-4 pathway, disrupt this fine balance and can lead to inflammatory bowel disease and immune checkpoint colitis. Here, we show that CTLA-4 is expressed by innate lymphoid cells and that its expression is regulated by ILC subset-specific cytokine cues in a microbiota-dependent manner. Genetic deletion or antibody blockade of CTLA-4 in multiple in vivo models of colitis demonstrates that this pathway plays a key role in intestinal homeostasis. Lastly, we have found that this observation is conserved in human IBD. We propose that this population of CTLA-4-positive ILC may serve as an important target for the treatment of idiopathic and iatrogenic intestinal inflammation.
Reward recalibrates rule representations in human amygdala and hippocampus intracranial recordings
Authors: Manssuer Luis , Ding Qiong , Feng Yashu , Yang Ruoqi , Liu Wei , Sun Bomin , Zhan Shikun , Voon Valerie
Published: November 2024

Adaptive behavior requires the ability to shift responding within (intra-dimensional) or between (extra-dimensional) stimulus dimensions when reward contingencies change. Studies of shifting in humans have focused mainly on the prefrontal cortex and/ or have been restricted to indirect measures of neural activity such as fMRI and lesions. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the amygdala and hippocampus by recording local field potentials directly from these regions intracranially in human epilepsy patients. Reward signals were coded in the high frequency gamma activity (HFG; 60-250 Hz) of both regions and synchronised via low frequency (3-5 Hz) phase-locking only after a shift when patients did not already know the rule and it signalled to stop shifting (“Win-Stay”). In contrast, HFG punishment signals were only seen in the amygdala when the rule then changed and it signalled to start shifting (“Lose-Shift”). During decision-making, hippocampal HFG was more inhibited on non-shift relative to shift trials, suggesting a role in preventing interference in rule representation and amygdala HFG was sensitive to stimulus novelty. The findings expand our understanding of human amygdala-hippocampal function and shifting processes, the disruption of which could contribute to shifting deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel clade of marine bacteria with severely reduced genomes
Authors: Vohsen Samuel A. , Gruber-Vodicka Harald R. , Herrera Santiago , Dubilier Nicole , Fisher Charles R. , Baums Iliana B.
Published: November 2024

Microbes perform critical functions in corals, yet most knowledge is derived from the photic zone. Here, we discover two mollicutes that dominate the microbiome of the deep-sea octocoral, Callogorgia delta, and likely reside in the mesoglea. These symbionts are abundant across the host’s range, absent in the water, and appear to be rare in sediments. Unlike other mollicutes, they lack all known fermentative capabilities, including glycolysis, and can only generate energy from arginine provided by the coral host. Their genomes feature several mechanisms to interact with foreign DNA, including extensive CRISPR arrays and restriction-modification systems, which may indicate their role in symbiosis. We propose the novel family Oceanoplasmataceae which includes these symbionts and others associated with five marine invertebrate phyla. Its exceptionally broad host range suggests that the diversity of this enigmatic family remains largely undiscovered. Oceanoplasmataceae genomes are the most highly reduced among mollicutes, providing new insight into their reductive evolution and the roles of coral symbionts.
Microstructure engineering for corrosion resistance in structural alloy design
Authors: Hariharan Karthikeyan , Virtanen Sannakaisa
Published: November 2024

During structural alloy development, the initial microstructure design is mainly considered in the context of achieving a balance of mechanical properties, with corrosion resistance often considered much later in the process. This perspective uses illustrations from degradation mechanisms in 3D-printed alloys and in-service microstructure evolution-driven mechanisms to show the importance of microstructure design for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties simultaneously, to improve the reliability of critical infrastructure.
Porphyry copper formation driven by water-fluxed crustal melting during flat-slab subduction
Authors: Lamont Thomas N. , Loader Matthew A. , Roberts Nick M. W. , Cooper Frances J. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Bevan Dan , Gorecki Adam , Kemp Anthony , Elliott Tim , Gardiner Nicholas J. , Tapster Simon
Published: November 2024

The prevailing view of the formation of porphyry copper deposits along convergent plate boundaries involves deep crustal differentiation of metal-bearing juvenile magmas derived from the mantle wedge above a subduction zone. However, many major porphyry districts formed during periods of flat-slab subduction when the mantle wedge would have been reduced or absent, leaving the source of the ore-forming magmas unclear. Here we use geochronology and thermobarometry to investigate deep crustal processes during the genesis of the Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene Laramide Porphyry Province in Arizona, which formed during flat-slab subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North America. We show that the isotopic signatures of Laramide granitic rocks are consistent with a Proterozoic crustal source that was potentially pre-enriched in copper. This source underwent water-fluxed melting between 73 and 60 Ma, coincident with the peak of granitic magmatism (78–50 Ma), porphyry genesis (73–56 Ma) and flat-slab subduction (70–40 Ma). To explain the formation of the Laramide Porphyry Province, we propose that volatiles derived from the leading edge of the Farallon flat slab promoted melting of both mafic and felsic pre-enriched lower crust, without requiring extensive magmatic or metallogenic input from the mantle wedge. Other convergent plate boundaries with flat-slab regimes may undergo a similar mechanism of volatile-mediated lower-crustal melting.
Nerve injury inhibits Oprd1 and Cnr1 transcription through REST in primary sensory neurons
Authors: Subedi Ashok , Etemad Asieh , Tiwari Aadhya , Huang Yuying , Chatterjee Biji , McLeod Samantha M. , Lu Yungang , Gonzalez DiAngelo , Ghosh Krishna , Sirito Mario , Singh Sanjay K. , Ruiz Elisa , Grimm Sandra L. , Coarfa Cristian , Pan Hui-Lin , Majumder Sadhan
Published: November 2024

The transcription repressor REST in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is upregulated by peripheral nerve injury and promotes the development of chronic pain. However, the genes targeted by REST in neuropathic pain development remain unclear. The expression levels of four opioid receptor genes (Oprm1, Oprd1, Oprl1 and Oprk1) and the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) gene in the DRG regulate nociception. In this study, we determined the role of REST in controlling their expression in the DRG induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). SNI induced chronic pain hypersensitivity in wild-type mice and was accompanied by increased levels of Rest transcript and protein. Transcriptomic analyses of wild-type mouse DRGs suggested that SNI upregulates the expression of Rest transcripts and downregulates the transcripts of all four opioid receptor genes and the Cnr1 gene. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of these tissues validated these results. Analysis of publicly available bioinformatic data suggested that REST binds to the promoter regions of Oprm1 and Cnr1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated the presence of REST at these promoters. Full-length Rest conditional knockout in primary sensory neurons reduced SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity and rescued the SNI-induced reduction in the expression of Oprd1 and Cnr1 in mouse DRG. Our results suggest that nerve injury represses the transcription of at least the Oprd1 and Cnr1 genes via REST in primary sensory neurons and that REST is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. Thus, inhibiting REST activity could potentially reduce chronic neuropathic pain and augment opioid/cannabinoid analgesic actions by increasing the transcription of Oprd1 and Cnr1 genes in DRG neurons.
Individual differences in parasympathetic nervous system reactivity in response to everyday stress are associated with momentary emotional exhaustion
Authors: Schmid Regina Franziska , Thomas Joachim , Rentzsch Katrin
Published: November 2024

Acute stressors (e.g., time pressure) can provoke psychological and physiological stress responses, and the magnitude of such responses is called stress reactivity. However, stress reactivity levels can differ considerably among individuals, with exaggerated levels being associated with adverse outcomes (e.g., emotional exhaustion). Previous studies have primarily investigated psychological stress reactivity or physiological stress reactivity induced in the laboratory. Physiological stress reactivity, especially concerning heart rate variability (HRV), has rarely been examined so far in real life. We addressed this research gap in a sample of 394 adults who participated in 2- to 4-day ecological momentary assessments. Individuals answered self-reports on perceived time pressure and emotional exhaustion multiple times a day and simultaneously wore electrocardiogram sensors. Based on 4,009 total situations and 3–16 situations per participant, individual differences in HRV reactivity to time pressure were computed as random slopes from multilevel models. Consistent with preregistered hypotheses, increased time pressure was associated with reduced HRV, and increased stress reactivity was associated with increased emotional exhaustion. The findings highlight the detrimental effects of everyday demands and physiological reactivity and emphasize the relevance of practical coping strategies. This study contributes to research on dynamic inter- and intraindividual stress regulation using ambulatory, psychophysiological methods.
Insights and caveats from mining local and global temporal motifs in cryptocurrency transaction networks
Authors: Arnold Naomi A. , Zhong Peijie , Ba Cheick Tidiane , Steer Ben , Mondragon Raul , Cuadrado Felix , Lambiotte Renaud , Clegg Richard G.
Published: November 2024

Distributed ledger technologies have opened up a wealth of fine-grained transaction data from cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. This allows research into problems like anomaly detection, anti-money laundering, pattern mining and activity clustering (where data from traditional currencies is rarely available). The formalism of temporal networks offers a natural way of representing this data and offers access to a wealth of metrics and models. However, the large scale of the data presents a challenge using standard graph analysis techniques. We use temporal motifs to analyse two Bitcoin datasets and one NFT dataset, using sequences of three transactions and up to three users. We show that the commonly used technique of simply counting temporal motifs over all users and all time can give misleading conclusions. Here we also study the motifs contributed by each user and discover that the motif distribution is heavy-tailed and that the key players have diverse motif signatures. We study the motifs that occur in different time periods and find events and anomalous activity that cannot be seen just by a count on the whole dataset. Studying motif completion time reveals dynamics driven by human behaviour as well as algorithmic behaviour.
Differential effects of trait-like emotion regulation use and situational emotion regulation ability across the affective and anxiety disorders spectrum: a transdiagnostic examination
Authors: Adolph Dirk , Margraf Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Here, we investigated the association of different emotion regulation (ER) indices with symptom severity across a large transdiagnostic sample of patients with emotional disorders (cross-sectional approach) and the predictive validity these ER indices have for the outcome of routine care CBT (longitudinal approach). We assessed the trait-like use of adaptive (reappraisal) and maladaptive (suppression, externalizing behaviors) ER strategies via questionnaire as well as the situational ability to regulate emotions with an experimental ER paradigm. Psychopathology was assessed dimensionally using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Cross-sectionally symptom severity was predicted by less trait-like use of adaptive and more trait-like use of maladaptive ER strategies, but no associations were found for situational ER ability. This association was more pronounced for depression and stress symptoms rather than anxiety symptoms. In a striking dissociation, the longitudinal analyses revealed the reverse picture: Better situational ER ability, but not trait-like use of ER strategies was associated with less symptom severity after the CBT treatment. Our data argues in favor of a distinction between trait-like and situational ER abilities in individuals with emotional disorders, highlighting challenges in applying adaptive ER strategies in daily life despite demonstrating intact ER skills in experimental settings. Our findings also inform transdiagnostic models of psychopathology and suggest that distress/depression rather than anxiety symptomatology to be driving forces for the occurrence of ER deficits across the depression/anxiety disorders spectrum.
Association of dietary anthocyanidins intake with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases mortality in USA adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yan Yifei , Li Jianchang
Published: November 2024

Anthocyanins, as a type of polyphenolic compound, have been discovered to offer multiple health benefits to humans, including anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. This prospective cohort study aims to examine the relationship of dietary intake of anthocyanin with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases mortality in the US. The aim of this research was to explore the possible correlation between anthocyanin consumption and the mortality rate from all causes as well as from cardiovascular disease. Based on the Public Access NHANES-linked National Death Index files up to December 31, 2019, we identified mortality status and heart disease-specific causes of death. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on mortality outcomes, generating hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for various demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and comorbid conditions. Additionally, we utilized Kaplan-Meier survival curves, subgroup analyses. In different scenarios, dietary anthocyanin intake was assessed using restricted cubic spline models. A total of 11,959 participants completed the final cohort, averaging 47.12 years of age (SD ± 0.35). Following adjustments for multiple variables, an inverse relationship was identified between anthocyanin intake in the highest quartile and all causes mortality, yielding a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52–0.89). Similarly, elevated anthocyanin consumption was linked to a reduction in heart disease mortality, with HR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38–0.97). Additionally, dose–response curve revealed a consistent decrease in both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with increasing anthocyanin intake. Further subgroup analyses revealed that elevated intake of anthocyanins was linked to decreased all-cause mortality in White individuals and males. Moreover, high anthocyanin intake was significantly correlated with reduced all-cause mortality irrespective of hypertension or hyperlipidemia status. Our research indicates that an appropriate dietary intake of anthocyanins is associated with a reduction in overall mortality rates. Furthermore, the findings reveal a substantial association between anthocyanin intake and decreased mortality from cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that anthocyanins may effectively lower the risk of cardiovascular-related deaths.
Age related grid-wise spatial analysis of choroidal parameters in well characterised healthy population
Authors: Kumar Meenakshi , Trinh Matt , Zhang Angela , Wei Xin , Agrawal Rupesh , Nivison-Smith Lisa
Published: November 2024

Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is an image-based metric applied to assess the choroid in disease but poorly explored in natural aging. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed a single eye of 309 healthy individuals from 20 to 70 + years, and quantified spatial topography of total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA) and CVI (LA: TCA) in cluster and standard retinal templates using a semi-automated approach. CVI was found to be greatest in the central vs. periphery (CVIcentral 67.08% [66.85–67.73] vs. CVIperiphery65.68% [65.32–66.01], p < 0.01). In this study, CVI also showed no significant change with age or physiological factors. Area parameters demonstrated greater magnitude in the central versus periphery but with a superior bias: TCAsuperior 0.227mm2 [0.223–0.233] vs. TCAinferior 0.207mm2 [0.201–0.213], p < 0.01.They also showed a linear decline with age (TCA:-0.00112 to -0.00169 mm2/year; LA: -0.00074 to -0.00112 mm2/year; SA: -0.00039 to -0.00056 mm2/year, p < 0.0001), with a higher rate of decline inferiorly (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that CVI exhibits specific spatial differences across macula, independent of age. It further establishes a comprehensive, normative database of CVI and other choroidal angioarchitecture metrics which is a valuable resource for distinguishing pathological changes from normal age-related variations in future assessments of choroid-involving diseases.
Enhanced federated anomaly detection through autoencoders using summary statistics-based thresholding
Authors: Laridi Sofiane , Palmer Gregory , Tam Kam-Ming Mark
Published: November 2024

In Federated Learning, Anomaly Detection poses significant challenges due to the decentralized nature of data, especially under Non-IID distributions. This study proposes a federated threshold calculation method that aggregates summary statistics from normal and anomalous data across clients to create a global threshold for Anomaly Detection with federated Autoencoders, enhancing detection accuracy and robustness while ensuring privacy. Extensive experiments on datasets, including Credit Card Fraud Detection, Shuttle, and Covertype, show that our approach consistently outperforms existing federated and local threshold calculation methods. These findings highlight the potential of summary statistics in improving federated Anomaly Detection under Non-IID conditions.
Uncovering patients’ preferences for brand among essential classes of coronary heart disease medications using a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Elmongui Ehab , Abu-Sheasha Ghada , Zaki Adel , Yassine Omaima Gaber , Abd Elhameed Asmaa
Published: November 2024

Patient preferences for medications strongly correlate with adherence; one area of interest is the choice between branded and generic drugs. Despite extensive research about brand-versus-generic drug preferences, few studies have explored severe-illness patients like those with coronary heart disease (CHD). We could not locate studies measuring preference weights of branded drugs in different classes within guideline-recommended regimens using discrete choice experiments (DCE). We aimed to explore the preference for branded medications used for secondary prevention of CHD events among patients receiving treatment at one of the largest Egyptian health insurance clinics. Patients with CHD were interviewed to choose between various therapy regimens containing brand-name and generic versions of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers (RAAS blockers). The study employed a DCE technique and followed the recommendations of the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Seventy-two percent (149) of the 208 patients questioned were dissatisfied with at least one of their generic medications. The majority of unsatisfied patients displayed brand preferences across the four medicine classes, primarily due to the notion that generics may be less effective. Patients preferred the RAAS blocker brand the most (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.83 to 3.48), followed by beta-blockers (AOR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.88 to 2.27) and statins (AOR: 1.5; 95% CI 1.50 to 1.61). The relative importance of each class from the patient’s perspective showed the highest importance with RAAS blockers (22.2%) and beta-blockers (14.1%), while statins and aspirin had minor importance (7.8% and 6.6%, respectively). In the present study, branded drugs for secondary CHD prevention were preferred over generic alternatives. This finding has two implications for clinical practice. Firstly, physicians and pharmacists need to assure patients about the quality of generics to insure patient satisfaction and adherence to medication. Secondly, health insurance providers need to confirm the effectiveness of generics through observational studies. Despite the well-proven protective effects of aspirin and statins, they had minor importance from the patient’s perspective, highlighting the need to enhance patient knowledge. DCE was demonstrated to be a useful tool for eliciting the genuine preferences of patients treated within the setting of health insurance.
A novel stent flow chamber system demonstrates reduced thrombogenicity of bioresorbable magnesium scaffolds
Authors: Müller Monja , Ludwig Lars , Englert Hanna , Riedl Katharina A. , Müller May Cathleen , Hemkemeyer Sandra A. , Beerens Manu , Mailer Reiner K. , Renné Thomas , Lang Sabine , Baumann-Zumstein Philine , Frye Maike
Published: November 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by narrowing and subsequent blockade of coronary arteries, and imposes a significant health and economic burden. Stent and scaffold devices are introduced in advanced CAD to improve vascular stability and restore blood flow. Although in vitro flow systems like the Chandler loop have been developed to enhance the understanding of interactions between device materials, their coatings, and vascular cells, imaging-based in vitro analysis of device performance is limited. In this study, we established a novel stent flow chamber system designed to assess the thrombogenicity of bioresorbable magnesium scaffold (RMS) and stent materials in vitro. Additionally, we compared the thrombogenicity – an important clinical parameter in stent performance – of the Magmaris-316 L stainless steel stent with its predecessors, Magmaris RMS and a prototype of the third-generation RMS (DREAMS 3G). Analysis of platelet adhesion and coverage of the different devices under flow conditions demonstrated that the Magmaris RMS exhibits reduced thrombogenicity compared to the Magmaris-316 L stainless steel stent. Moreover, thrombogenicity of the DREAMS 3G prototype, composed of BIOmag material, is further decreased compared to its predecessors. The observed reduction in thrombogenicity of the DREAMS 3G prototype in vitro suggests additional improvements in clinical safety and efficacy, highlighting its promise for treating CAD. Future research on this prototype may thus open avenues for analyzing other blood components and patient-derived endothelial cells. In line with the 3R principles, this approach may also help reduce the need for animal testing.
Tumor growth and vascular redistribution contributes to the dosimetric preferential effect of microbeam radiotherapy: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Ortiz Ramon , Ramos-Méndez José
Published: November 2024

The radiobiological mechanisms behind the favorable response of tissues to microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) are not fully described yet. Among other factors, the differential action to tumor and normal tissue vasculature is considered to contribute to MRT efficacy. This computational study evaluates the relevance of tumor growth stage and associated vascular redistribution to this effect. A multiscale approach was employed with two simulation softwares: TOPAS and CompuCell3D. Segmentation images of the angioarchitecture of a non-bearing tumor mouse brain were used. The tumor vasculature at different tumor growth stages was obtained by simulating the tumor proliferation and spatial vascular redistribution. The radiation-induced damage to vascular cells and consequent change in oxygen perfusion were simulated for normal and tumor tissues. The multiscale model showed that oxygen perfusion to tissues and vessels decreased as a function of the tumor proliferation stage, and with the decrease in uniformity of the vasculature spatial distribution in the tumor tissue. This led to an increase in the fraction of hypoxic (up to 60%) and necrotic (10%) tumor cells at advanced tumor stages, whereas normal tissues remained normoxic. These results showed that tumor stage and spatial vascular distribution contribute to the preferential effect of MRT in tumors.
The role of cydB gene in the biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Korkus Jakub , Sałata Patrycja , Thompson Stuart A. , Paluch Emil , Bania Jacek , Wałecka-Zacharska Ewa
Published: November 2024

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food- and water-borne bacterial infections in humans. A key factor helping bacteria to survive adverse environmental conditions is biofilm formation ability. Nonetheless, the molecular basis underlying biofilm formation by C. jejuni remains poorly understood. Around thirty genes involved in the regulation and dynamics of C. jejuni biofilm formation have been described so far. We applied random transposon mutagenesis to identify new biofilm-associated genes in C. jejuni strain 81–176. Of 1350 mutants, twenty-four had a decreased ability to produce biofilm compared to the wild-type strain. Some mutants contained insertions in genes previously reported to affect the biofilm formation process. The majority of identified genes encoded hypothetical proteins. In the library of EZ-Tn5 insertion mutants, we found the cydB gene associated with respiration that was not previously linked with biofilm formation in Campylobacter. To study the involvement of the cydB gene in biofilm formation, we constructed a non-marked deletion cydB mutant together with a complemented mutant. We found that the cydB deletion-mutant formed a weaker biofilm of loosely organized structure and lower volume than the parent strain. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of the cydB gene in biofilm formation by C. jejuni.
Speaking valve with integrated biomimetic overpressure release and acoustic warning signal
Authors: Knorr N. , Auth P. , Kruppert S. , Stahl C. A. , Lücking K. M. , Tauber F. , Speck T.
Published: November 2024

Speaking valves enable tracheostomy patients to speak naturally. However, improper use may cause dangerous overpressure, leading to severe complications or even patient’s death. We address this life-threatening issue by creating a biomimetic speaking valve, which incorporates an integrated overpressure valve that automatically opens when reaching critical pressure levels. To enhance safety, we integrated a whistle module to provide an audible alert for medical staff. Fundamental research on the Utricularia vulgaris trapdoor inspired our abstracted valve form. Through a comprehensive analysis using generalized linear mixed-effect models, we examined various membrane parameter effects on the function of the biomimetic overpressure valve. This enabled us to adjust the valve’s opening pressure to cater to patient’s unique requirements, thus potentially saving lives by applying a solution from nature.
Contagious yawning and scratching in captive lemurs
Authors: Lemes William Padilha , Amici Federica
Published: November 2024

Behavioral contagion is thought to play a significant role in social synchronization and coordination across animal taxa. While there is extensive evidence of behavioral contagion in Haplorrhines (i.e. monkeys and apes), limited research exists in Strepsirrhines (i.e. lemurs). Here, we aimed to investigate the presence of contagious yawning and scratching in two captive groups of black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) (N = 4) and red ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) (N = 4), and further test whether behavioral contagion is modulated by the model’s social integration in the group. We conducted all occurrence sampling to examine whether individuals observing a yawning or scratching event (i.e. trigger event) were more likely to yawn or scratch in the following 2 min, as compared to individuals who did not observe it. We ran generalized linear mixed models and found that the likelihood of yawning and scratching was higher for subjects observing the trigger event than for subjects who did not observe the event, although the model’s social integration had no modulating effect on the probability of showing behavioral contagion. Our findings represent the first evidence of behavioral contagion in this genus and contribute to shed light on the distribution and the possible adaptive function of this phenomenon in primates.
Thermal equation of state of rhodium characterized by XRD in a resistively heated diamond anvil cell
Authors: Rodrigo-Ramon Jose Luis , Anzellini Simone , Cazorla Claudio , Botella Pablo , Garcia-Beamud Aser , Sanchez-Martin Josu , Garbarino Gaston , Rosa Angelika D. , Gallego-Parra Samuel , Errandonea Daniel
Published: November 2024

The high-pressure and high-temperature structural, mechanical, and dinamical stability of rhodium has been investigated via synchrotron X-ray diffraction using a resistively heated diamond anvil cell and density functional theory. The isothermal compression data have been fitted with a Rydberg-Vinet equation of state (EoS) with best-fitting parameters $$V_0$$

V
0

=55.046(16) Å$$^3$$

3

, $$K_0$$

K
0

= 251(3) GPa, and $$K'_0$$

K
0
′

= 5.7(2). The thermal equation of state has been determined based upon the data collected following four different isotherms and has been fitted to a Holland and Powell thermal equation-of-state model with $$\alpha _0=$$

α
0

=

3.36(7)x10$$^{-5}$$

-
5

K$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. The measured equation of state and structural parameters have been compared to the results of ab initio simulations. The agreement between theory and experiments is generally quite good. The present results solve controversies between previous studies which reported values of the bulk modulus from 240 to 300 GPa.
Numerical modeling the process of deep slab dehydration and magmatism
Authors: Wu Hao , Lei Jiacheng , Jia Zeyu , Sheng Jian , Zhu Yinan , Wang Jian
Published: November 2024

This study uses a 2D high-resolution thermo-mechanical coupled model to investigate the dynamic processes of deep plate hydration, dehydration, and subsequent magmatic activity in ocean-continent subduction zones. We reveal the pathways and temporal evolution of water transport to the deep mantle during the subduction process. Plate dehydration plays a critical role in triggering partial melting of the deep mantle and related magmatic activity. Our study shows significant differences in the volumes of melt produced at different depths, with dehydration reactions in deeper regions being weaker compared to shallower ones. It takes a longer time to reach the suitable P-T conditions for hydrous melting in the deep mantle. The results highlight the geophysical significance of water transport in deep subduction zones and its role in magmatic processes, particularly in the formation of magma chambers beneath continental plates.
Circadian rhythm and daytime variation do not affect intraoperative bacterial sternal contamination and postoperative wound infections following cardiac surgery
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Sugimura Yukiharu , Hartmann Michelle , Moza Ajay , Akhyari Payam , Aljalloud Ali
Published: November 2024

Studies have documented various effects of circadian rhythm and daytime variations on the cardiovascular and immune system as well as wound healing. From June to December 2016, n = 367 cardiac surgery patients were enrolled. Microbiological swabs from the mediastinum and subcutaneous wound were taken before sternal closure. Patients were assigned to groups based on operation start: morning (n = 219) or afternoon (n = 135). Bacterial contamination and wound infections were studied in relation to circadian rhythm and daytime variation. We did not observe any difference in mortality (morning: 3.7%, afternoon: 3.0%, p > 0.99) and major adverse events (morning: 8.2%, afternoon: 5.9%, p = 0.53). In 27.7% of the morning group, at least one positive intraoperative swab was observed, similar to the afternoon group (25.6%, p = 0.71). The incidence of positive presternal swabs was 15.6% in the morning compared to 9.1% in the afternoon (p = 0.18). About 90% of the germs detected were part of the natural skin flora (e.g., Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The incidence of sternal wound infections was 7.3% (morning) and 3.0% (afternoon) (p = 0.18). We did not find differences in the incidence of intraoperative bacterial sternal contamination, nor postoperative infections, between patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the morning or afternoon.
Beyond the triple bond: unlocking dinitrogen activation with tailored superbase phosphines
Authors: Krishnapriya Vilakkathala U. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H.
Published: November 2024

Dinitrogen activation has long been a challenging goal in chemistry. Tailored superbase phosphines offer a promising approach to overcome this challenge by going beyond the traditional triple bond.
Review on mechanisms of hypoglycemic effects of compounds from highland barley and potential applications
Authors: Liu Yanan , Jia Yuanqiang , Wu Yingying , Zhang Huijuan , Ren Feiyue , Zhou Sumei
Published: November 2024

The value and mechanism of highland barley in the prevention of diabetes and its application in food products.
Silver-mediated radical cascade trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization of benzimidazole derivatives with AgSCF3
Authors: Liu Pan , Geng Yang , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: November 2024

A mild silver-mediated cascade trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes with readily available AgSCF3 as the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent has been explored.
Lithium extraction by metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Han Zongsu , Rushlow Joshua , Yang Yihao , Huo Jiatong , Shi Wei , Zhou Hong-Cai
Published: November 2024

Lithium extraction attracts great attention due to the rising demand for batteries, but faces challenges related to low natural abundance and environmental concerns. MOFs show promise in lithium extraction, benefitting from customizable structures.
Highly improved photocurrent of a flexible MoS2 photodetector via a backside Al metal mirror and its in- and outward folding states
Authors: Yoon Hyewon , Hong Seongin
Published: November 2024

The photocurrent of a flexible MoS2 photodetector was significantly improved by attaching an Al metal mirror on its backside. In-folding state, the Al metal mirror acted as a concave mirror, further boosting the photocurrent.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and dynamics studies of novel thiazole-Schiff base derivatives containing a fluorene moiety and the assessment of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
Authors: Marufa Sumita Saznin , Rahman Tasnim , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Khan Samira Jarin , Jahan Rownok , Nishino Hiroshi , Alam Mohammad Sayed , Haque Md. Aminul
Published: November 2024

Fluorene moiety-containing thiazole Schiff-bases were synthesized, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were determined through molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies.
Enhanced surface functionalization of 2D molybdenum/tin chalcogenide nanostructures for effective SERS detection of Escherichia coli
Authors: Ishfaq Zainab , Almutairi Layla A. , Ali M. Yasir , Alrefaee Salhah Hamed , Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Shokralla Elsammani Ali , Alharbe Lamiaa G. , Ali Adnan , Ashfaq Arslan , Abd-Elwahed A. R.
Published: November 2024

This study enhances MoS2/SnS2 nanoparticles for SERS, functionalizing them with l-cysteine. Successful detection of E. coli demonstrates their potential as cost-effective SERS substrates for real-world applications.
An electrochemiluminescence device for visualized detection of lead in practical samples
Authors: Hu Huaanzi , Wang Cheng , Qian Chen , Li Chengqi , Li Yulin , Pan Jianbin , Ni Xinye
Published: November 2024

An up-response ECL imaging system is designed for visualized Pb2+ detection with high selectivity.
Low-temperature heat capacity and the thermodynamic functions of a novel ether-based ionic liquid 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-ethylimidazolium thiocyanate
Authors: Fu Donglu , Song Zongren , Liu Jiankang , Yang Jie , Suo Shilong , Liang Kunhao , Ma Xiaoxue , Fang Dawei
Published: November 2024

A novel ionic liquid [C22O2Im][SCN] was prepared. The low temperature heat capacity of [C22O2Im][SCN] was determined, and the related thermodynamic functions, such as (HT − H298.15), (ST − S298.15) and (GT − G298.15), were calculated.
Investigation of the titanium-mediated catalytic enantioselective oxidation of aryl benzyl sulfides containing heterocyclic groups
Authors: Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Alvarez-Larena Angel , Piniella Febrer Joan F. , Cardellicchio Cosimo
Published: November 2024

Enantiopure benzyl heteroaryl sulfoxides were obtained by asymmetric oxidation. However, two benzimidazolyl sulfoxides were found to be conglomerates.
The influence of active agent motility on SIRS epidemiological dynamics
Authors: Kailasham R. , Khair Aditya S.
Published: November 2024

Motility induced phase separation of active disks with SIRS epidemiological dynamics.
Novel multi-functional sites in boron-based bi-atom catalysts synergistically boost C–C coupling for efficient CO electroreduction towards ethanol
Authors: Bui Huong T. D. , Brinck Tore
Published: November 2024

Multi-active sites and electron configurations of boron-based bi-atom catalysts doped in silicene monolayers optimize adsorption behavior and facilitate the C–C coupling process for enhancement of CO reduction towards ethanol..
Nanocrystalline alloy-mediated delivery of mosaic epitope peptides for universal influenza vaccine
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Fu Han , Zhai Liyan , Le Jiaqing , Guo Bohan , Zhou Yuyang , Ji Chenlin , Li Dapeng , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2024

Mosaic influenza antimicrobial peptide-like epitopes (Ampitopes) co-crystalize with poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, into nanocrystalline vaccine, which boosts immunogenicity via multivalent toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) binding and immune activation.
Zincophilic MOF with N-functional groups for interfacial modification of stable aqueous zinc metal anodes
Authors: Sun Na , Yu Han , Zhou Xue , Si Xiuwen , Wang Pengfei , Gong Zhe , Sun Yaguang , Zhou Mingdong
Published: November 2024

A two-dimensional zinc-based MOF (ZHPCA) was synthesized and employed as the interface modification layer of Zn anode, and the N-functional groups in ZHPCA can be used as binding sites for zinc ion deposition.
Microfluidic synthesis of monodispersed sharp emitting perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots via multidimensional parameterization
Authors: Ning Yunhao , Guan Shuo , Cheng Chuantong , Zhang Bao , Qin Bingyu , Huang Beiju
Published: November 2024

A microfluidic chip is employed for continuous synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots, which feature tunable emission across various dimensions and wavelengths, and effects of multidimensional parameters on their properties are investigated.
Cu2O/Ga2O3 pn-junction photodetector with low dark current and high detectivity
Authors: Li Mingyang , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man
Published: November 2024

This article combines Cu2O and a-Ga2O3 to form a heterojunction, achieving low dark current and high detectivity of photodetectors.
Thoughts From the Front Lines: Canadian Perspectives in Adopting and Implementing Recommended Clinical Labels in Preschool Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Csercsics Alison Lynn , Denusik Lauren , Cunningham Barbara Jane
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Previous literature has proposed barriers to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) using standard clinical labels; however, the perspectives of SLPs have been studied to a lesser extent. This quality improvement project reports on SLPs' perceived barriers and facilitators to using currently recommended clinical labels for preschool communication disorders and identifies next steps to support implementation in one preschool communicative health system.

Method:

This project aimed to establish the consistent use of clinical labels in one large Canadian preschool speech and language program. After completing a web-based training and a 3-month trial period, 387 SLPs completed an exit survey to share their perceived barriers and facilitators to label use. Qualitative survey data were analyzed using a hybrid codebook inductive/deductive thematic analysis approach.

Results:

Six themes were identified, which aligned with the diffusion of innovations theory. SLPs identified several facilitators and barriers to using the recommended clinical labels within each theme. Major facilitators included improved communication, better caregiver understanding of children's communication, positive feedback from caregivers, SLPs' increased confidence in sharing labels, and improved access to services for children. Major barriers related to additional time required to share labels, SLPs' perceptions of caregivers' values, SLPs' views surrounding the recommended labels, lack of comfort using some labels, and limited opportunity to practice label use or observe successful label use by others.

Conclusions:

Contextual barriers continue to impact SLPs' use of the recommended clinical labels. Ongoing collaboration with SLPs and caregivers will be critical for supporting implementation. Further research examining SLPs' perspectives across other clinical settings and geographic areas is needed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27296970
Extending Complexity to Word-Final Position via Telepractice: Intervention Effects for English-Speaking Children With Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: Potapova Irina , John Abby , Pruitt-Lord Sonja , Barlow Jessica
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Phonologically complex targets (e.g., [pl–]) are understood to facilitate widespread gains following speech sound intervention, and yet, available research largely features word-
initial

clusters. The present study investigates intervention effects following treatment of complex clusters presented in word-
final
position. Importantly, this allows for an added layer of complexity via suffixes that mark tense and agreement.

Method:

Eight English-speaking children with speech sound disorder (SSD; 3;3–6;9 [years;months]) participated in 18 one-on-one intervention sessions. Intervention was completed via telepractice, as were all pre- and post-intervention assessments. Intervention targets were word-final two-element consonant clusters that were unknown to the child prior to intervention. Targets were presented in verbs that were either monomorphemic (i.e., [−ks];
they mix
) or bimorphemic (i.e., [−ks];
she pick/3s,
marked for third-person singular).

Results:

All participants demonstrated change across multiple phonological measures. More stringently, six of eight participants demonstrated generalization to untreated sounds and untreated words immediately following intervention, including four of four children with monomorphemic targets. Importantly, positive changes for children with both target types were observed following a relatively short course of intervention (18 sessions over 6 weeks), and mastery of the target cluster was not required for phonological growth to occur.

Conclusions:

Results align with available work featuring word-initial complex targets and indicate that word-final consonant clusters are feasible, effective targets for English-speaking children with SSD. Findings similarly affirm the use of telepractice to deliver research-based interventions. Speech-language pathologists may thus integrate these findings with their clinical judgment and client perspectives to implement such targets in clinical practice.