bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
影像检查患者的心理状态调查研究
Authors: 别 梦瑶 , 刘 舒雅 , 崔 琳琳 , 慕 丽伟
Published: February 2021

本文主要针对居民对影像检查的了解程度,探寻患者 影 像 检 查 前 后 以 及 影 像 诊 断 前 后 的 心 理 状 态 变 化 等 相 关 研 究进行了分析和综述,并总结了暴露出的居民对影像相关基础知识缺乏并造成一 定 就 医 干 扰 的 问 题,为 提 高 就 诊 工 作 效 率 及 护理质量并提出相关建议措施,提供有价值的资料。关键词:影像检查;患者心理;指导措施
急性髓系白血病细胞诱导分化后 ＳＴＣ－１基因表达的变化研究
Authors: 高 伟 , 朱 洪静 , 张 文 , 李 庆鑫 , 包 越 , 张 广延 , 王 希娣
Published: February 2021

急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)是克隆性造血干的异质性群体对化疗敏感性不同的细胞疾病。其主要的分子发 病 机 理与细胞遗传学和分子生物学的变化有关。其中遗传异常 在 疾 病 的 发 病 机 理 中 起 着 至 关 重 要 的 作 用,并 且 可 以 作 为 临 床 的 生物标志物。主要包括疾病诊断、指导治疗、预后判断、评估疗效等种类[1]。在急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)中,多 种 生 物 标 记 物已经得到临床广泛应用,部分指标在指导患者使用新型药物,进行个体化或 精 准 的 治 疗,或 者 减 少 化 疗 相 关 的 毒 性 等 方 面,都发挥了重要作用[2-3]。目前的特异性分子指 标 主 要 是 PML-RARa t(15; 17)等 融 合 基 因,FLT3-ITD 等 插 入/重 复 基 因,IDH1/2等点突变,以及 WT-1等过度表达基因。除了上述 WT-1 基 因 外,寻 找 新 的 白 血 病 特 异 性 通 用 型 基 因 是 国 内 外 关注的重点方向之一。为此,我们选择了急性早幼粒细胞白 血 病 细 胞 株 NB4,在 体 外 进 行 了 全 反 式 维 甲 酸 的 诱 导 分 化,通 过 芯片差异分析,发现 STC-1基因表达升高。本研究在此基础上,采 用 RT-PCR 对 该 基 因 的 表 达 水 平 进 行 了 进 一 步 研 究。希望能够为探讨STC-1基因表达在临床中的价值提供依据。
消化内科常见疾病及其治疗方法分析
Authors: 覃 博晓
Published: February 2021

目的:对消化内科的常见疾病进行总结,同时分 析 对 应 治 疗 方 法。方 法:在 本 院 消 化 内 科 所 收 治 的 患 者 中 随 机 选 取200例,对患者的病症与治疗方法进行分析。结果:本次研究中选取的200 例 患 者 中,78 例 患 者 被 确 诊 为 消 化 性 溃 疡,其 中 包括48例胃溃疡与30例十二指肠溃疡;70例患者确诊为急性胃肠炎;29例患者确诊为慢性胃肠炎;20例 患 者 确 诊 为 急 性 阑 尾炎;3例患者确诊为胰腺炎。在实施针对性治疗后,156例患者痊 愈,腹 痛 与 腹 泻 等 症 状 完 全 消 失;30 例 患 者 症 状 出 现 明 显 好转;14例患者经治疗后症状并未有明显改善,依然存在腹痛与腹泻等 表 现,统 计 治 愈 率 为93.00%。结 论:消 化 内 科 的 常 见 疾病包括阑尾炎与胃溃疡以及胃肠炎等,需要结合患者的实际情况选择药物或手术等治疗方案。
消化内科护士护理风险因素分析及防范措施
Authors: 刘 顺华 , 黄 江珊
Published: February 2021

目的:分析消化内科护士护理的风险因素,同时 提 出 相 应 防 范 措 施。方 法:选 取 本 院 消 化 内 科 两 个 阶 段 的 护 理 工 作进行观察,将实施常规护理的阶段纳入到对照组,将实施 护 理 风 险 防 控 措 施 的 阶 段 纳 入 到 观 察 组,观 察 不 同 组 别 护 理 风 险 事件发生情况。结果:观察组中2例患者出现药物不良反应,1例患者与护理人员出现纠纷事件,对照组 中 有2例 患 者 出 现 院 内感染,5例患者出现药物不良反应,3例患者出现护患纠 纷 情 况,不 同 组 别 患 者 在 护 理 风 险 事 故 之 间 存 在 显 著 差 异;观 察 组 护理质量评分结果为96.25±1.05分,明显大于对照组的92.35±1.14分;观察组中有1例护士出现感染情况,对照组有4例 护士出现感染情况;观察组中有57.50%的患者表示非常满意,有2.50%的患者表示不满意,对 照 组 中 有37.50% 的 患 者 表 示 非常满意,有15.00%的患者表示不满意,不同 组 别 患 者 在 护 理 服 务 评 价 结 果 之 间 存 在 显 著 差 异。 结 论:在 消 化 内 科 护 理 工 作中,基于护理人员专业技能、患者主观因素、管理制度等因素的影响,导致存 在 着 诸 多 护 理 风 险,对 于 此,应 该 经 由 加 强 培 训 与管理等,对护理风险进行防控。
手术室护理风险因素与防控策略研究
Authors: 刘 顺华
Published: February 2021

随着我国国民经济的增长,人们的生活水平逐渐提 升,生 活 和 工 作 节 奏 也 越 来 越 快,这 就 给 人 们 的 身 体 健 康 造 成 一定的影响。目前,人们患病的种类逐渐增多,这就对 医 院 手 术 室 的 护 理 提 出 了 更 高 的 要 求。 因 此,医 院 的 医 护 人 员 应 根 据 患者的实际情况,做好护理的防控工作,从而改善医患 关 系,促 进 患 者 尽 快 康 复。基 于 此,文 章 阐 述 了 手 术 室 护 理 的 重 要 性,分析了手术室护理中存在的风险因素,并总结出一些相应的风险防控策略。
心血管内科临床科学用药及用药经验的研究
Authors: 韦 龙园 , 朱 燕
Published: February 2021

目的:分析心血管内科常用药物的不合理性,并探究其中的改善 方 式。方 法:在2015 年12 月 至2017 年11 月 间,对我院中心血管内科应用的药方350例进行资料分析,将 其 录 入 数 据 库 中,由 我 院 药 学 人 员 对 其 进 行 药 方 点 评,评 价 其 中 不 合理用药的类型,分析其原因。结果:在本次实验结果中,350例用药处方中共有35例药方出现不 合 理 用 药 情 况。主 要 包 括:不规范处方、不合理处方分析、用药超常处方。实验结果中发生率最高的不合理用药类型为:用 药 超 常 处 方,共19(54.29%)例;其中涉及到的不合理用药影响因素包含:医师疏漏、缺乏指标支持、责任意 识 不 强。结 论:在 心 血 管 内 科 内 药 物 应 用 时 需 要 采取合理用药管理,有助于降低心血管内科内药物的不合理使用情况,使患者 的 用 药 效 果 得 到 提 高,改 善 患 者 的 治 疗 质 量,值 得在临床推广。
综合医院常态化防控新型冠状病毒肺炎门诊预检分诊持 续改进管理体会
Authors: 张 祖莲 , 冯 桂波
Published: February 2021

疫情进入常态化阶段,高强度的预检分诊工作需要长期坚持,预检分诊处原有 的 临 时 设 施 不 管 是 对 来 院 就 诊 人 员 还是工作人员,都不能较好的满足需要,只有对环境条件和人员管理进行持续性改进,预检分诊工作才能得到有序、有效实施。
漫谈阿拉伯药物及医学对中国传统医学的贡献
Authors: 何 依珂
Published: February 2021

公元7世纪,阿拉伯人建立起了一个世界性的帝国———阿拉伯帝国。这一 帝 国 的 医 学 和 药 学 达 到 极 高 的 水 平,即 使在帝国之后相当长一段时期内,仍然保持领先地位。阿拉 伯 帝 国 的 医 学 成 就 对 于 中 国 传 统 医 学 的 发 展 和 进 步 做 出 了 不 可 言宣的贡献。
Pendampingan Pengelolaan/Penyuluhan Sampah (3r) Kab. Manna
Authors: Dhiniati Fameira
Published: February 2021

Sampah merupakan sesuatu atau sisa-sisa dari proses yang dilakukan manusia terhadap berbagai hal dalam menghasilkan suatu produk tertentu, sisa-sisa ini terkadang di buat atau di posisikan sebagai sesuatu yang kadang sangat tidak berharga, bahkan di identikan sebagai sesuatu yang sangat menjijikan untuk di kelola sebagai sesuatu yang memiliki nilai lebih, keberadaan sampah yang sangat nyata terkadang menjadi sesuatu masalah yang sangat rumit dan sangat kompleks. Masalah sampah ini pada saat sampah tersebut sedikit terkadang seolah tidak tampak memiliki masalah, tetapi pada saat sampah tersebut bervolume sangat banyak maka masalah mulai di rasakan oleh penghuni di sekitarnya, misalnya kejadian yang luar biasa dari keberadaan sampah adalah pernah terjadi di Bandung, Bandung yang sering di sebut kota kembang pada saat pemerintah tak sanggup mengelola sampah dengan baik sebutannya menjadi Bandung Kota Sampah, lain lagi di Jakarta phenomena banjir yang setiap ada hujan hampir di pastikan terjadi banjir, salah satu penyebabnya adalah akibat sampah walau sebenarnya hal lain lebih dominan seperti akibat penggundulan di hulu sungai yang ada di Bogor. Penomena sampah ini memang sangat luar biasa, walau pun sangat banyak merugikan dan kesan yang melekat sangat menjijikan ini sebagai bukti dari kedisiplinan, dan kearifan masyarakat dalam berprilaku dalam kehidupannya bermasyarakat, jika tiap individu berprilaku sesuai norma dan tatanan kehidupan yang umum sebenarnya tak akan pernah terjadi permasalahan sampah ini. Tentu yang harus menjadi perhatian terutama bagi penyuluh adalah menyadarkan masyarakat untuk berpola dan tingkah hidup sesuai aturan yang sesuai aturan. Penomena dari sampah yang lain adalah ternyata di balik kesan dan imej yang buruk, penyebab banjir, banyak lalat, kotor, dan menjijikan ternyata terdapat sisi positif bagi beberapa orang yang kreatif, bagi orang-orang tertentu yang kreatif terkadang sampah ini bisa di jadikan sesuatu yang unik, menarik bahkan memiliki nilai jual yang cukup tinggi, misalnya di beberapa daerah di Jawa terdapat pengrajin olahan sampah atau limbah rumah tangga yang tak terlalu bermanfaat, misalnya kantong-kantong plastic bekas makanan dan sabun di bersihkan sehingga menjadi Tas atau tempan menyimpan sesuatu. Ini sampah menjadi sesuatu yang berharga sehingga memiliki nilai jual, bahkan sampah seperti sampah-sampah kayu bisa menjadi kerajinan tertentu.
Pendampingan Penyusunan Dokumen Kawasan Pemukiman Kumuh Perkotaan kab. Manna Pendampingan penyusunan DED
Authors: Itteridi Vike
Published: February 2021

Kota Manna merupakan Ibu Kota Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan Provinsi Bengkulu, Sumatera Bagian Barat. Sebagai kota pantai yang terus berkembang, yang sejak beberapa tahun terakhir telah menjadi tujuan wisata air (wisata pantai), dengan perkembangan ini maka berpengaruh terhadap tingkat perekonomian masyarakat kota, bagi masyarakat yang memiliki tingkat perekonomian baik maka lingkungan dan tempat hidupnya akan sangat baik, sementara bagi kelompok masyarakat yang tingkat perekonomian tidak terlalu baik akan berada pada lingkungan yang tidak baik (Kawasan kumuh). Timbulnya pemukiman yang kumuh ini beberapa hal terkait dengan kebijakan pemerintah daerah yang tidak berpihak kepada masyarakat ekonomi lemah. Pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode obeservasi terlebih dahulu, berurutan sesuai dengan kesepakatan pelaksanaan pengabdian, hasilnya adalah metode atau dokumen kawasan pemukiman kumuh di Kota Manna, Bengkulu Selatan.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Blog Bagi Guru Ma Ponpes Darul Mutaqin Kota Pagar Alam
Authors: Muslim Buhori
Published: February 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan kewajiban tri dharma bagi  civitas akademika STTP. Pelatihan pembuatan Blog bagi Guru MA Ponpes Darul Muttaqien  ini merupakan kesadaran terhadap pelaksanaan tri dharma tersebut, kegiatan ini merupakan rangkaian dari Kuliah kerja nyata, pembuatan blog dari hasil observasi dianggap penting untuk menjadi awal MA Darul Muttaqien mengikuti perkembangan industry 4.0 yang serba digital dimana tujuan akhirnya adalah sistem pembelajaran mengarah kepada multimedia didukung sistem online untuk kelancaran proses belajar. Metode yang digunakan menganalisa masalah menggunakan pre dan post tes sehingga langsung diketahui pemahaman peserta pelatihan terhadap blog dan sistem digital, hasilnya cukup sigifikan dari 10 pertanyaan materi yang diberikan saat pre tes peserta tidak mampu memperoleh nilai 10, nilai paling tinggi 9 hanya ada 3% dari 15 peserta dan saat pos tes terdapat 4,5% yang memperoleh nilai 10, dan 6% yang memperoleh nilai 9. Sehingga pelatihan penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta pelatihan pembuatan Blog Pembelajaran.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Blog Bagi Guru SMA Negeri 2 Pagar Alam
Authors: Isro Mukti Yogi
Published: February 2021

Pengabdian menjadi satu dharma yang harus dilakukan oleh civitas perguruan tinggi seperti STTP sehingga semangat berbagi dibangkitkan terus menerus dan pelatihan pembuatan blog ini merupakan semangat itu yang ada pada civitas STTP dilaksanakan pada SMAN 2 Kota Pagaralam yang sangat membutuhkan pelatihan untuk membuat sistem pendukung pembelajaran berbasis internet, bagi SMAN 2 Kota Pagaralam pendukung pembelajaran menggunakan blog sangat penting untuk agar sistem pembelajaran menjadi semakin baik dan mengena kepada para siswa karena dengan blog dan internet siswa bisa mengulang pelajaran yang sudah dipelajari dikelas dengan membuka blog mata pelajaran tertentu yang belum terlalu memahami pada saat dalam kelas, pelatihan dilakukan dengan model seperti seminar artinya dengan penjelasan, dilanjtkan dengan praktek pembuatan blog pendukung pembelajaran. Agar pelatihan pembuatan blog ini mengena maka dilakukan pre dan pos tes, pre tes untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal sebelum pelatihan dan hasilnya para peserta mengetahui teknologi pendidikan yang berbasis blogging tetapi tidak bisa membuatnya, selanjutnya diakhir pelatihan dilakukan pos tes hasilnya peserta pelatihan mampu membuat media pembelajaran menggunakan sarana blog, dan merasa nyaman memberikan sarana tambahan dengan blog.
Workshop Multimedia Pembelajaran Bagi Guru SMPN 8 Kota Pagar Alam
Authors: Masdalipa Risnaini , Gusmaliza Debi
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran merupakan sarana untuk mengembangkan intelektualitas generasi muda, khususnya generasi muda Pagar Alam. SMPN 8 Kota Pagaralam merupakan pendidikan menengah pertama yang mempersiapkan soft dan hardskills bagi generasi pemimpin mendatang, penyampaian pembelajaran yang baik sangat menentukan keberhasilan dan kualitas output (alumni) yang sangat diharapkan, menyadari hal ini maka pihak SMPN 8 terus berupaya melatih para guru agar dapat menyampaikan materi belajar dengan baik, sarana terus dilengkapi, workshop multimedia pembelajaran merupakan satu upaya SMPN 8 dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dengan menggunakan aplikasi tambahan berupa multimedia, workshop dilakukan satu hari dengan metode ceramah dan praktek dengan aplikasi multimedia pembelajaran, yang mana agar pelaksanaan pelatihan berjalan dengan baik maka dilakukan pre tes terlebih dahulu hasilnya sebagian guru sudah memahami beberapa aplikasi multimedia yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran tetapi tidak memanfaatkannya sehingga yang baru paham akhirnya menjadi tidak bisa lagi, pada akhir workshop dilakukan pos tes hasilnya seluruh peserta workshop memahami materi dengan baik, bahkan yang tadinya males menggunakan multimedia setelah diadakan workshop malah jadi lebih tertarik untuk mengaplikasikannya pada pembelajaran.
Pelatihan Maintance Komputer SMK Negeri 3 Lahat
Authors: Mukti Yogi
Published: February 2021

Perangkat keras komputer merupakan sistem yang harus di jaga sama pentingnya dengan perangkat lunak (software), keduanya sangat penting dan tidak bisa dipisahkan. SMKN 3 Lahat lembaga pendidikan menengah yang membantu pemerintah dalam menyiapkan generasi pemimpin pada masa mendatang, pelatihan maintenance komputer menjadi satu kegiatan atau usaha yang dilakukan SMKN 3 Lahat untuk menambah softskills siswa, terutama siswa yang siap menjadi Alumni, pelatihan dilakukan oleh Civitas STTP yang melakukan pengabdian, metode pelatihan dengan ceramah dan praktek secara langsung pada perangkat keras komputer. Pada awal pelatihan dilakukan tes untuk mengetahui pemahaman siswa peserta pelatihan pemahamannya terhadap perangkat keras komputer, dan hasilnya mereka tidak terlalu baik memahami perangkat keras komputer sehingga pelatihan harus dilakukan, pada akhir pelatihan dilakukan tes lagi untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan pelatihan, dan hasilnya karena mereka sudah memiliki dasar pemahaman tentang perangkat keras, tentang maintenance komputer sehingga dengan adanya pelatihan ini narasumber menjadi lebih mudah menyampaikan materi dan hasilnya setelah pelatihan para siswa peserta mampu mamahami materi dengan baik dan pelatihan berhasil menambah pengetahuan peserta pelatihan.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Aplikasi E-Learning (Edmodo) Pada Guru SMPN 1 Pagar Alam
Authors: Puspita Desi
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran yang baik dapat menghasilkan output pembelajaran yang baik juga, sehingga dihasilkan tatanan yang baik juga, SMPN 1 Pagaralam lembaga pendidikan menengah pertama yang mendasari bagi pendidikan menengah selanjutnya, sebagai lembaga pendidikan pertama maka dasar pendidikan harus di tata dan dikelola dengan baik sehingga siswa bisa mengikuti pembelajaran pada masa mendatang, dengan demikian maka SMPN 1 Pagaralam harus memperbaiki sistem, sarana dan cara untuk dihasilkan pendidikan yang baik, salah satunya sarana pendidikan, sarana ini berupa aplikasi e-learning menggunakan aplikasi edmodo, SMPN 1 Pagaralam menyadari agar dihasilkan output pembelajaran yang baik diperlukan sarana pendukung yang handal. Metode yang digunakan pada pelatihan ini adalah ceramah dan praktek langsung keaplikasi. Pada awal pelatihan dilakukan pre tes untuk mengetahui pemahaman peserta pelatihan dan hasilnya 85% peserta mengetahui e-learning tetapi belum pernah menggunakannya sehingga pemahamannya menjadi kurang bagus, pada akhir pelatihan dilakukan pos tes, pos tes dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan pelatihan dan hasilnya seluruh peserta mampu mengelola dan membuat sistem pembelajaran e-learning dengan edmodo.
Scheuermann Kyphosis for dummies
Authors: Ortega-Yago Amparo , Alonso-Caravaca Adrian , Bas-Hermida Teresa
Published: February 2021

Scheuermann kyphosis debuts in young adolescents and it is defined as a fixed hyperkyphosis >40º Cobb, with associated anterior wedging of vertebral endplates of >5º in three or
more adjacent vertebrae. It is thought to be caused by mechanical stress on structurally deficitary
vertebral endplates. For its diagnosis, clinical history and plain radiographs are used, but also MRI
when there is neurological affection. Treatment depends on the severity of the curve: those <60º can
be treated orthopedically with Milwaukee bracing in combination with rehabilitation treatment
(stretching or muscle strengthening) and postural hygiene. If >70º, surgical treatment is indicated
using a posterior-only approach, as it reduces de apparition of complications when compared with
anterior and combined approach. Vertebral osteotomies will be made depending on the DAR. We
will use pedicular screws and bars, and transverse hooks to end instrumentation, as we attach distally the SSV and proximally the first kyphotic vertebra, to avoid revision surgery. Among the complications (14%) we find surgical site infection (up to 10%), neurological injury (8%), or pulmonary
complications derived from anterior approach (20%)
Fracturas de cuello y diáfisis femoral ipsilateral: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ortega-Yago Amparo , Balfagón-Ferrer Antonio , Alonso-Caravca Adrián , Castillo-Soriano Miguel Ángel , de Pedro-Abascal Miguel
Published: February 2021

Las fracturas de cuello y diáfisis femoral ipsilateral son fracturas poco frecuentes, que se asocian a pacientes jóvenes tras un mecanismo de alta energía. Este tipo de fracturas suponen un reto a la hora de su diagnóstico, dado que hasta un 20% de las fracturas de cuello femoral pueden pasar desapercibidas. La correcta planificación quirúrgica tras un diagnóstico preciso permite un tratamiento óptimo de las fracturas, al igual que una disminución de la tasa de complicaciones derivadas de las mismas. Actualmente con el avance de los implantes, existen múltiples opciones quirúrgicas para tratar estas fracturas, y que permite individualizar el tratamiento dependiendo del
paciente y del tipo de fractura que tiene. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo sintetizar los conceptos acerca del diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas ipsilaterales de cuello y diáfisis femorales.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of Oxidative Stress-induced DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation in Bovine Papillomas and Fibropapillomas
Authors: KARAKURT Emin
Published: February 2021

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the expressions of 8-OHdG and MDA immunohistochemically in order to determine the oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in 16 papillomas and 14 fibropapillomas from 30 cattle brought to our department between 2013-2020. Biopsy samples taken after surgery were fixed in buffered 10% formaldehyde solution. Sections of 5 μm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks prepared after routine tissue follow-up procedures and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining was applied to the sections in order to detect histopathological changes. Avidin Biotin Peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemical staining. In papilloma cases, severe hyperkeratosis, retepects extending from the epidermis to the dermis, spongiosis and balloon-like degeneration in squamous epithelial cells, basophilic inclusion bodies in granular cells, ulcerations in the epidermis layer, hemorrhagic areas and an increase in kerato hyaline granules were observed. In addition to these findings, dense connective tissue increases were detected in fibropapilloma cases. In immunohistochemical evaluations, positive reactions for BPV were observed in the nuclei of cells in stratum granulosum. 8-OHdG positive reactions were detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the epidermal cells in papilloma cases, whereas in cases of fibropapilloma, reactions in these cells were observed in the cytoplasm of fibrocytes and fibroblasts in the dermis. Membranous MDA positive reactions were observed in the epidermal cells in papilloma cases, whereas MDA expressions were detected in the cytoplasm of fibrocytes and fibroblasts in the dermis of fibropapilloma cases. As a result of the literature reviews, no study data was found in which DNA damage due to oxidative stres and lipid peroxidation was detected by means of 8-OHdG and MDA expressions in papilloma and fibropapilloma cases of cattle, it is thought that the findings obtained in this study will contribute to the literature. In addition, it has been concluded that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
The genius mechanic and the father of robotics Al-Ghazar
Authors:   Нахчыванское отделение НАН Азербайджана, Hashim Kazymov Mahbub , Manur Huseynov Gorkhmaz ,   Нахчыванское отделение НАН Азербайджана
Published: February 2021

In the article, the great Turkish scientist, engineer, genius mechanical engineer and "robot technician" Al-Ghazi forgotten unfairly contributed to world science. It has been shown that his scientific works and inventions have a great impact on Europe. It is emphasized that scientific achievements and ideas played an important role in the formation of the revival of European science. Al-Ghazari's unique, historic achievements and numerous great discoveries have been made available to the world. This genius Turkish scientist's "forgotten" inventions in Europe were reviewed. Key words: crankshaft, water-lifting mechanisms, automatic machines, robots
The role of the teacher in education: traditional and modern
Authors:   Xəzər Universiteti, Agakishi Balakishiyeva Ilaha
Published: February 2021

The teacher prepares the learning process in such a way that, if possible, all students participate in it, and they manage the process themselves. Involving all students in the teaching process, arousing their interest in the lesson, building the lesson in accordance with their wishes and desires increases the teacher's sense of responsibility and he becomes an observer of the learning process. In traditional training, the requirements were not very wide, as the teacher gave more theoretical knowledge and the students listened. However, in active learning, the teacher must have a broader knowledge, use different resources, develop their competencies, and constantly learn. Only on the basis of such activity can a teacher guide students correctly. The teacher must learn different theories, approaches, methods in order to use them correctly in the learning process. Thus, we see that in traditional learning and active learning, the tasks, functions, and work of the teacher differ from each other. The requirements for the teaching profession are changing and updated in accordance with the requirements of each period. Therefore, the teacher must constantly improve himself. Key words: the role of the teacher, the teacher at the traditional level, the teacher at the modern level
Problems of digitization of archival documents
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Mədəniyyət və İncəsənət Universiteti, Novruz Guliyeva Saida
Published: February 2021

In modern times, the digitization of archival documents is one of the most global problems in the field of archives. Modern sources of innovation in archival work are directly related to technological development in office work. Digitization of documents is the conversion of documents into electronic form. The main problems of electronic archives in modern times can be divided into several blocks. These include legal, organizational and technical issues. Sometimes there are appropriate technical solutions to problems, but they are not regulated by existing legislation. In modern times, the electronicization of archival documents remains the most pressing problem. Work is being done in this area both in our country and around the world. Key words: archive, document, legislation, information, electrification
Financial system of the republic of Azerbaıjan and its concept
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Vugar Gurbanova Aytaj
Published: February 2021

The financial system is a set of separate links of interaction and interacting financial relations. The distribution, formation and use of cash funds are carried out through the financial system. The financial system includes financial institutions that serve to regulate the country's financial activities and money circulation. This article clarifies the concept and essence of the financial system of the Republic of Azerbaijan and provides examples from foreign financial systems for comparison. Key words: finance, financial system, rings of the financial system, public finance, finance of enterprises and organizations
Children's neuroses and their causes
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Ibrahim Mansurova Sevda
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the causes of neurosis in children. Some researchers note that the cause of neurosis is due to psychological factors. In their opinion, the cause of neuroses is the negative processes that a person faces throughout life. The article also describes the types of neuroses and their manifestations.Separately, such concepts as: neurasthenia, hysterical neurosis and obsessive-compulsive neurosis were revealed. Кеу words: child, teenager, communication, problem, development
Romantic epics Navoi interpreted by Olim Sharafiddinov
Authors:   Бердақ номидаги Қорақалпоқ давлат университети, Abdullaevna Ataniyazova Muborak
Published: February 2021

This article deals with a scientific analysis of the views of the literary critic Olim Sharafiddinov on the poetics of the epic Alisher Navoi "Khamsa", in particular, "Farhod and Shirin", "Leyli and Majnun". It evaluates the views of the scientist on this topic, the world of images, plot and composition from today's point of view. Also, scientific problems related to the poetics of the epic are studied, new views are put forward on the genre and semantic features of this immortal work. Along with this, issues related to the poetics of the epic are clarified. Key words: views of Olim Sharafiddinov, poetics of the epic, composition, literary criticism of the 1930s, artistic interpretation
Artistic features of the work of Ahmed Yugnaki "Gift of Truth"
Authors:   Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халықаралық қазақ-түрік университеті, Uskenbayevich Shakharov Ykylas
Published: February 2021

The article is based on the epos of Akhmet Yugineka “The Gift of Truth”. Ideological and thematic orientation, compositional structure, artistic features are analyzed. The epic “Gift of Truth”, common to all Turkic-speaking peoples, tells about the problems that were urgent for its time, about the high artistic level. Key words: Medieval literature, Hibat-ul-Khakaik, didactic sari, common heritage of the Turkic peoples, artistic phenomena
The dystopian genre as one of Ray Bradbury’s creative trends
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti, Adil Majidova Ilaha
Published: February 2021

Utopia is a common literary theme, especially in a speculative and science-fiction genre. Authors use utopian genre to explore what a perfect society would look like. Utopian fiction is set in a perfect world, while a dystopian novel drops its main character into a world where everything seems to have gone wrong. Dystopian fiction can challenge readers to think differently about current world. The article is devoted to the etymology of dystopia genre within Ray Bradbury’s creativity. In his short stories he tried to show the depth of his imagination. In Ray Bradbury’s fiction the world is a terrible place. He exposes the destructive side of technological progress and paradoxes of human personality in a grotty society. Key words: science-fiction, utopia, dystopia, prognosis, short story
A look to the contemporary changes of lexical system of the Turkic languages
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Asif Mehdiyeva Mehriban
Published: February 2021

In this paper were given the changes met in the lexical system of a language, some information on international words, there also made necessary analyses on the contemporary processes taken place in lexic systems of Turkic languages. There met vivid examples of nationalizing vocabulary in the system of Turkic languagea as a result of qaining independence in these Republics. And in this view-point one can note that borrowings for now mainly come from Turkey. Contemporary researches prove that the process of borrowings in the meantime go rather apart from these languages. And this cannot serve forming one common Turkic language for all. Key words: language, contacts, close contacts, disjointed contacts, borrowing, lexics
Overview of methods for automatic natural language text processing
Authors: Belov Serey , Zrelova Daria , Zrelov Petr , Korenkov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

This paper provides a brief overview of modern methods and approaches used for automatic processing of text information. In English-language literature, this area of science is called NLP-Natural Language Processing. The very name suggests that the subject of analysis (and for many tasks – and synthesis) are materials presented in one of the natural languages (and for a number of tasks – in several languages simultaneously), i.e. national languages of communication between people. Programming languages are not included in this group. In Russian-language literature, this area is called Computer (or mathematical) linguistics. NLP (computational linguistics) usually includes speech analysis along with text analysis, but in this review speech analysis does not consider.
The review used materials from original works, monographs, and a number of articles published the «Open Systems.DBMS» journal.
Automatic capture of attention by flicker
Authors: Stolte Moritz , Ansorge Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Visual motion captures attention, but little is known about the automaticity of these effects. Here, we tested if deviant flicker frequencies, as one form of motion, automatically capture attention. Observers searched for a vertical target among tilted distractors. Prior to the target display, a cue array of sinusoidally modulating (flickering) annuli, each surrounding one location of the subsequent target(-plus-distractors) display was presented for variable durations. Annuli either flickered all at 1 Hz (neutral condition, no-singleton cue), or a single annulus flickered at a unique frequency of 5 Hz, 10 Hz, or 15 Hz. The location of this singleton-frequency cue was uncorrelated with target location. Thus, we could measure benefits (target at cued location) and costs (target ≠ cued location) for cues of different frequencies and durations. The results showed that deviant flicker frequencies capture attention, as we observed benefits and costs, falsifying that nonspatial filtering accounted for the cueing effect. In line with automatic capture, cueing was effective in singleton (Experiment 1) and nonsingleton search tasks (Experiment 2), and is thus not dependent on (“top-down”) singleton detection mode. Moreover, analysis of results ruled out trial-by-trial “swapping” of flicker frequencies from preceding target to subsequent distractor locations. Results also revealed increasing cueing effects with higher cue flicker frequency and longer duration. This indicates a significantly longer period of automatic capture by sinusoidal flicker than the typical inhibition of return observed around 250 ms after the onset of uninformative static or single-transient cues.
Selection in working memory is resource-demanding: Concurrent task effects on the retro-cue effect
Authors: Lin Yin-ting , Sasin Edyta , Fougnie Daryl
Published: February 2021

In a retro-cue paradigm, after memorizing a set of objects, people are cued to remember only a subset. Improved memory from the retro-cue suggests that selection processes can benefit items stored in working memory. Does selection in working memory require attention? If so, an attention-demanding task should disrupt retro-cue effects. Studies using a dual-task paradigm have found mixed results, with only one study (Janczyk & Berryhill, Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 76 (3), 715–724, 2014) showing a decreased retro-cue effect by a secondary task. Here we explore a potential issue in that study – the temporal overlap of the secondary task response with the memory test presentation. This raises questions about whether the secondary task was impairing selection processes in memory or was impacting the memory response. We replicated their paradigm by inserting a tone discrimination task at the retro-cue offset, but we also included a condition in which the tone task and the memory test were temporally separated. In Experiment 1, performing the tone task did not impair the retro-cue effect. In Experiment 2, we added an articulatory suppression task as in Janczyk and Berryhill’s study, and we found that the requirement to execute the tone task impaired retro-cue effects. This impairment was independent of whether the tone and memory tasks overlapped. These findings suggest that internal prioritization can be impaired by dual-task interference, but may only occur when such interference is robust enough, for example, due to switching between multiple tasks.
Pelatihan dan Penerapan E-Learning dan M-Learning di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir Sleman
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Hidayati Dian
Published: February 2021

Guna meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pembelajaran, diperlukan pengembangan suatu model pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif agar proses pembelajaran tidak selalu terkesan membosankan, tidak menarik dan monoton yang dapat menghambat proses transfer ilmu. Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK ) Muhammadiyah Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, belum memaksimalkan penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar, sehingga  dirasa perlu adanya pendampingan dalam pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan dan penerapan e-learning dan m-learning bagi guru di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk : (1) memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada guru dalam memanfaatkan e-learning dan m-learning dalam pembelajaran di SMK Muhammadiyah Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, (2) melatih para guru untuk  memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam proses pembelajaran dan memberikan media alternatif pembelajaran melalui e-learning (3) meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam membuat materi mata pelajaran, soal dan latihan kepada siswa yang mudah diakses. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah pemberian modul bagi peserta, tutorial/pendampingan, pelatihan/workshop dan evaluasi proses. Hasil dan dampak dari pelatihan ini adalah mitra semakin paham dan terampil dalam menerapkan E-learning dan M-learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran
Siccasura, a new genus for the Afrasura numida (Holland, 1893) species-group, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: Volynkin Anton V. , László Gyula M.
Published: February 2021

The present paper contains the description of a new genus Siccasura gen. nov. established for the members of the Afrasura numida (Holland, 1893) species-group. A review of all currently known taxa is provided, including the descriptions of six new species: S. kongo sp. nov. (DRC), S. sosta sp. nov. (Ivory Coast, Liberia, Gabon, Congo and CAR), S. hollandi sp. nov. (Gabon, Congo and DRC), S. transtillata sp. nov. (Cameroon), S. morettoi sp. nov. (Ivory Coast and Liberia), and S. spatulata sp. nov. (Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon). A lectotype for Miltochrista numida Holland, 1893 is designated. All taxa are illustrated in 34 colour and 37 black and white diagnostic figures.
The Strategic Execution in VUCA World through the Perspective of Complexity Theory for Malaysian Government Link Companies
Authors: Wan Md Syukri W. M. A. , Muhamad Roslan M. Y. , Zulhasni A. R.
Published: February 2021

Dynamic and rapidly changing nature of world can only be described by the term VUCA. Speed, agility, flexibility and many other words which are initially used only to describe the ability of an athlete has become the frequent terms for reflecting the capability of the leadership and employees in an organization which takes the organizations towards the heights of success. This paper looking at the interconnectivity between VUCA view and Complexity Theory in Malaysian Government Link Companies by exploring latest literature reviews. Complex adaptive systems are explicitly incorporating features in its theoretical paradigm that reflect the dynamic and complex nature of innovation process, and self-organization in the context of business and social organizations.
Exceptional Legendre Polynomials and Confluent Darboux Transformations
Authors:   Ruprecht-Karls-Universit&, García-Ferrero María Ángeles ,   #228,   t Heidelberg, Germany, Gómez-Ullate David ,   Universidad de Cádiz, Spain, Milson Robert ,   Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
Published: February 2021

Exceptional orthogonal polynomials are families of orthogonal polynomials that arise as solutions of Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems. They generalize the classical families of Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi polynomials by allowing for polynomial sequences that miss a finite number of ''exceptional'' degrees. In this paper we introduce a new construction of multi-parameter exceptional Legendre polynomials by considering the isospectral deformation of the classical Legendre operator. Using confluent Darboux transformations and a technique from inverse scattering theory, we obtain a fully explicit description of the operators and polynomials in question. The main novelty of the paper is the novel construction that allows for exceptional polynomial families with an arbitrary number of real parameters.
Anomalous Origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery from the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John , Subedi Neha , Martir Jennifer Beniquez , Carreras Byron Chique , Afolabi Abayomi Gbolahan , McCracken Thomas
Published: February 2021

Anatomical anomalies in the human body are common, and their description helps physicians and surgeons during treatment. This article presents the discovery of an abnormal arterial branch originating from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Typically, this artery does not give off branches until it passes through the carotid canal, but during a cadaveric dissection of a 58-year-old female, the superior thyroid artery (STA) was found to be originating from the ICA. Some common variations of the origin of the STA are the common carotid and at the bifurcation of the Common carotid, but rarely, has it been seen origination from the ICA. No known health implication of this variation has been reported, although surgeries can become difficult since the artery is used as an anatomical landmark.
Prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Dental Students at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Dental School in Skopje
Authors: Rendzova Vasilka , Nikolovska Julijana , Apostolska Sonja , Petričević Nikola
Published: February 2021

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal problems in 3rd, 4th, and final year of study in Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Dental School.
METHODS: All 3rd, 4th, and final year regular dental students were invited to take part in the study, which involved completing the extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. This questionnaire facilitates an assessment of troubles (ache, pain, or discomfort) with neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, wrists/hands, low back, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet.
RESULTS: Out of a maximum possible number of 146 students, 116 agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire (33 males and 83 females). The response rate was 79.5%. The mean age of students was 22.6 years (SD = 1.52), ranging from 20 to 26 years. During the past 12 months, students have problems mostly with neck 48 (41.4%), upper back 43 (37.1%), and low back 43 (37.1%). Working hours/week was 12 h for 3rd year, 20 h for 4th, and 30 h for 5th-year students. There is a significant difference between the students from third study year with these from 4th and 6th study year regarding the neck (χ2 (2)= 6.46, p < 0.05), upper back (χ2 (2) = 7.38, p < 0.05), and low back (χ2 (2)= 13.79, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the dental students. Preventive measures and more ergonomic recommendations are indicated.
Ultrasound Color Duplex Parameters of Patients Presenting with Lower Limb Varicose Veins at Outpatient Department of University Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Karmacharya Robin Man , Vaidya Satish , Thapa Pratima , Bhatta Gakul
Published: February 2021

Background:

Varicose vein is prominent dilated veins of lower limbs. Incomplete treatment and local recurrence are still the clinical challenge among the vascular surgeons. We aim to evaluate the range of imaging on color duplex describing the anatomy of veins, their variants, valve competencies, territories of defective venous system, demographic data, and the factors contributing among the patients referred to Vascular Outpatient Department of Kathmandu University Hospital.

Objective:

The aim was to know the ultrasound (US) color duplex parameters of superficial venous system in varicose vein.

Materials and Methods:

We included 299 patients during the study of 6 months with varicose veins for detailed US Doppler analysis. Gray-scale US was done to study the anatomy of veins followed by color duplex and color duplex spectrometry to determine the reflux of the superficial venous system. Quantification of reflux was determined by the use of Valsalva maneuver. Association of great saphenous vein (GSV) cross-sectional diameter and saphenofemoral junction incompetence was also studied.

Results:

Of 299 varicose vein cases, 52.50% were female. Among involved cases, the mean of GSV diameter was 5.43 mm in the right and 5.68 mm in the left. Saphenofemoral junction diameter was 7.89 mm in the right and 8.17 mm in the left. Receiver operative characteristics curve showed GSV diameter at femoral condyl of 4.5 mm as best cutoff value for the diagnosis saphenofemoral junction reflux.

Conclusions:

US color duplex is investigation of choice for varicose vein as a preoperative analysis tool, quantifying the superficial valve incompetency, studying and mapping the venous anatomy, and planning the surgery.
Review of the Management of Isolated Superficial Femoral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Bashar Khalid , Ali Sana Sharafat , Garnham Andrew
Published: February 2021

Truly isolated aneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are uncommon. The treatment options come from small case series and case reports. In the absence of definitive management guidelines, a revision of the available literature was carried out. True SFA aneurysms are more common in elderly male patients and tend to present late and can grow to significant sizes. Both open and endovascular options are available, which will depend on many factors highlighted in this review. Open repair should be offered to fit patients.
Servant Leadership: A Taxonomic Approach towards Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Institute of Business Management, Qureshi Muhammad Azeem
Published: February 2021

Connection between inferior leadership and massive business meltdown and inadequacy of seasoned leadership models create an urge to seek leadership equipped with ethical behavior, concern for subordinates, all the stakeholders and the society as a whole. This literature survey examines existing literature addressing servant leadership theory. Servant leadership theory has not yet been legitimized as a mainstream leadership theory therefore, it is worthy to examine its antecedents, outcomes and different mediating and moderating mechanisms to have in-depth knowledge of servant leadership concept and to understand how it differs from other mainstream leadership theories. This study analyzed the literature using descriptive approach as proposed by Turnnidge & Côté (2016). The study  has  been  carried  out  in  three  phases.  First  phase  is  concerned  with  screening  of  abstracts  and  citations  related  to  variable  of  interests,  in  second  phase,  peer  discussion  was  made  to  retain  valuable literature and exclusion of literature which does not fall in set criterion. In the third phase, full text of articles and relevant literature were reviewed which were potentially related to and are of interest.  It was found that servant leadership is a different concept which is more comprehensive and predicts more positive outcomes than its predecessor leadership models. Systematic literature review provided detailed insight with respect to servant leadership theory and its outcomes which led to the development of taxonomy which was further used to develop integrated model of causal fl ow  through  mediating  and  moderating  mechanisms;  and  then  was  further  refined  to  identify servant leadership interaction with different organization and behavioral variables. Findings of this research suggest possible impact of servant leadership in power distant culture which is inconsistent in contemporary research and needs to be investigated for validation of servant leadership’s concept in Third World countries.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НЕРЕСТОВОГО ХОДА КОРЮШКИ (OSMERUS EPERLANUS EPERLANUS L.) В РЕКЕ ДЕЙМЕ БАССЕЙНА КУРШСКОГО ЗАЛИВА (КАЛИНИНГРАДСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Бурбах Анна Сергеевна , Шибаев Сергей Вадимович
Published: February 2021

Основными промысловыми водоемами в Калининградской области для корюшки считаются Куршский залив, реки Неман и Матросовка, при этом промысел в реках и заливе организован по-разному. В заливе лов традиционно ведется ставными неводами, а в реках – закидными, причем имеется возможность перемещаться за ходом рыбы. Существующая схема расположения рыболовецких бригад на реках порой неэффективна, в связи с чем возникает необходимость расширения географии промысла. Это возможно как за счет организации промышленного лова выше по течению р. Неман, так и за счет освоения новых водоемов, куда корюшка заходит на нерест и где ведется интенсивный любительский лов. В 2020 г. на р. Дейме рыболовецкой бригадой «ИП Лысанский Н. А.» впервые был организован промысел, особенности которого связаны с морфологическими характеристиками русла. В Дейму корюшка попадает несколько позже, чем в основные промысловые водоемы, что связано с отдаленностью реки от Клайпедского пролива, через который рыба заходит в Куршский залив из Балтийского моря. Это позволяет продлить период активного рыболовства. Размерная структура всех трех промысловых стад схожа, однако в Немане присутствует жилая форма снетка. В 2020 г. промысел в Дейме оказался удачным, средний улов за один замет составил 25 кг без прилова снетка или других видов рыб.
Effects of concentrated dephenolic cottonseed protein instead of fish meal on stress resistance of Penaeus monodon
Authors: Mo Xian-Bin , Huang Cong-Ling , Jiang Song , Zhou Fa-Lin , Li Yun-Dong , Yang Qi-Bin , Huang Jian-Hua , Yang Li-Shi , Jiang Shi-Gui
Published: February 2021

To explore the effect of concentrated dephenolic cottonseed protein (CDCP) partly instead of fish meal on the non-specific immune of Penaeus monodon, we designed a single factor test to study the four types of non-specific immunity of P. monodon hepatopancreas after acute salinity stress. A total number of 5,400 P. monodon were selected with an initial body weight of 1.76±0.15g and randomly divide into 6 groups (3 replicates per group, 900 tails per replicate). Shrimp were feed with two protein level diets (Diet A and Diet B). After 8 weeks of feeding, P. monodon were randomly selected with an average weight of 14.71±1.06g in each feed group, and subjected to acute salinity stress of 10ppt and 20ppt after temporary rearing, and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Na+-K+-ATPase, cortisol and the content of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. The results of the study showed that when the CDCP partially replaced fish meal of P. monodon diet, the hepatopancreas HSP70, and the contents of Na+-K+-ATPase and cortisol were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the acute salinity change, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of P. monodon at 48h under the two salinity stresses, and the four immune indexes showed different trends. The expression level of Cortisol was more prominent than that of HSP70, which could better reflect the stress degree of P. monodon. Most of the indicators showed a trend of rising and then falling and then rising compared with the original level, and the changes of the four indicators of hepatopancreas in the Diet B group were significantly higher than those in the Diet A group at most time point of the two salinities.
Changes in juvenile sturgeon erythrocytes across age classes reflects evolutionary development
Authors: Yang Shiyong , Zhang Chaoyang , Gong Quan , Xu Wenqiang , Li Datian , Liu Zhao , Wu Jiayun , Li Liangyu , Du Jun , Huang Xiaoli
Published: February 2021

Erythrocytes are important for gas transport and exchange in animals and play an important role in maintaining normal functions of the body. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in erythrocyte morphology during the development of juvenile sturgeon (Acipenser baeri ♀×Acipenser schrenckii ♂ hybrid F1) and to describe the relationship between erythrocyte morphology and development. We compared the erythrocyte morphology of juvenile sturgeon in three developmental stages. The results showed that the blood index of the sturgeon in different age classes was significantly different. The erythrocyte volume in the blood became smaller and the shape of erythrocytes changed from circular to elliptical. With the increase in age, the number of self-dividing erythrocytes, and the types and numbers of organelles in the erythrocytes, decreased. The results demonstrated that the morphology and the internal structure of erythrocytes develop to be more beneficial for gas transport reflecting the needs for juvenile sturgeon maintenance and environmental changes.