bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La presencia de la terminología catalana en Europa
Authors: Vàzquez Garcia Mercè
Published: February 2021

La Unión Europea elabora un gran volumen de leyes y documentación especializada que se traduce de forma sistemática a las distintas lenguas oficiales. Este conjunto de leyes y disposiciones constituye el acervo comunitario europeo, que contiene el conjunto del derecho comunitario vigente. En el proceso de traducción del derecho comunitario vigente a las lenguas oficiales de la Unión Europea se ha creado una gran base de datos terminológica multilingüe que se denomina IATE. Con el tiempo esta base de datos se ha convertido en un recurso imprescindible de consulta de la terminología propia de la legislación europea.
Los profesionales del big data: ¿de los gestores de la información a los científicos de datos?
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: February 2021

Desde hace más de veinte años los datos y la información son fundamentos para crear conocimiento. El CIO (Chief Information Officer) emergía como el profesional que tenía que facilitar la gestión de la información para crear conocimiento. Actualmente los generadores de conocimiento son los datos, y el CDO (Chief Data Officer) su responsable en las organizaciones. Aún así, otras denominaciones están emergiendo, entre las que parece que gana fuerza es la de científico de datos. ¿Por qué estos cambios si siempre se trata de gestionar para crear conocimiento?
¿Quo vadis protocolo?
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: February 2021

La situación actual que vive el protocolo, los retos que se le plantean a la profesión en el futuro y la formación que se requiere a sus profesionales centraron ¿Quo Vadis Protocolo? la primera edición de los debates organizados por la Asociación Catalana de Protocolo y Relaciones Institucionales (ACPRI).
Epidemic Illusions
Authors: Richardson Eugene T
Published: February 2021

A physician-anthropologist explores how public health practices—from epidemiological modeling to outbreak containment—help perpetuate global inequities.

In Epidemic Illusions, Eugene Richardson, a physician and an anthropologist, contends that public health practices—from epidemiological modeling and outbreak containment to Big Data and causal inference—play an essential role in perpetuating a range of global inequities. Drawing on postcolonial theory, medical anthropology, and critical science studies, Richardson demonstrates the ways in which the flagship discipline of epidemiology has been shaped by the colonial, racist, and patriarchal system that had its inception in 1492.

Deploying a range of rhetorical tools, including ironism, “redescriptions” of public health crises, Platonic dialogue, flash fiction, allegory, and koan, Richardson describes how epidemiology uses models of disease causation that serve protected affluence (the possessing classes) by setting epistemic limits to the understanding of why some groups live sicker lives than others—limits that sustain predatory accumulation rather than challenge it. Drawing on his clinical work in a variety of epidemics, including Ebola in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo, leishmania in the Sudan, HIV/TB in southern Africa, diphtheria in Bangladesh, and SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, he concludes that the biggest epidemic we currently face is an epidemic of illusions—one that is propagated by the coloniality of knowledge production.
Perceptions of Working Conditions and Work-related Stress in Iceland
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Arelia Eydis , Minelgaite Inga , Gudmundsdottir Svala , Leupold Christopher R , Snorradóttir Thelma Kristín
Published: February 2021

Research Question: This study examines the attitudes of 106 of Iceland’s highest-level public officials towards their current work conditions and the constraints around them. Motivation: Rapidly changing internal and external environments create pressure on organizations to perform, which in turn place heightened demands and expectations on individuals who lead them. This situation demands to continuously revisit empirical evidence on perceived working conditions and work-related stress of top management. Furthermore, specific contexts, e.g., organization or country, might provide new insights and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Idea: The aim of this study was to assess work conditions that could potentially contribute to work-related stress among top leaders in public agencies. In addition, gender differences regarding perceptions of workload, work-stress, and work-family conflict were examined. Data: A 10-item questionnaire was sent electronically to all 154 leaders of the highest government institutions in Iceland. The response rate was 69.2% (n=107). Tools: The items were selected and adapted from the QPS Nordic Questionnaire. All items were in five-point Likert-type format (1=very rarely to 5=very often/always), where participants indicated the extent to which they experienced a variety of work-related stressors. Findings: Results indicated that these leaders are potentially at risk of elevated work stress due to insufficient budgets and flexibility to control workflows. Likewise, there are strong patterns that indicate that, despite often feeling overworked and stressed, these leaders are given little feedback on their performance. Compared to men, women appear to feel that their workloads are more burdensome, and statistically significant findings support this. There were no significant gender effects for overall work-family conflict or overall work stress, although patterns suggest that in women they are slightly higher on both. Contribution: This paper provides information about public leaders’ attitudes in Iceland towards stress-inducing work conditions, giving future researchers and practitioners a platform to better pinpoint how to provide necessary support.
Resistance training with different repetition duration to failure: effect on hypertrophy, strength and muscle activation
Authors: Lacerda Lucas Túlio , Marra-Lopes Rodrigo Otávio , Lanza Marcel Bahia , Diniz Rodrigo César Ribeiro , Lima Fernando Vitor , Martins-Costa Hugo Cesar , Pedrosa Gustavo Ferreira , Gustavo Pereira Andrade André , Kibele Armin , Chagas Mauro Heleno
Published: February 2021

Background

This study investigated the effects of two 14-week resistance training protocols with different repetition duration (RD) performed to muscle failure (MF) on gains in strength and muscle hypertrophy as well as on normalized electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and force-angle relationships.

Methods

The left and right legs of ten untrained males were assigned to either one of the two protocols (2-s or 6-s RD) incorporating unilateral knee extension exercise. Both protocols were performed with 3–4 sets, 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM), and 3 min rest. Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis cross-sectional areas (CSA), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) at 30o and 90o of knee flexion and 1RM performance were assessed before and after the training period. In addition, normalized EMG amplitude-angle and force-angle relationships were assessed in the 6th and 39th experimental sessions.

Results

The 6-s RD protocol induced larger gains in MVIC at 30o of knee angle measurement than the 2-s RD protocol. Increases in MVIC at 90o of knee angle, 1RM, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis CSA were not significant between the 2-s and 6-s RD protocols. Moreover, different normalized EMG amplitude-angle and force-angle values were detected between protocols over most of the angles analyzed.

Conclusion

Performing longer RD could be a more appropriate strategy to provide greater gains in isometric maximal muscle strength at shortened knee positions. However, similar maximum dynamic strength and muscle hypertrophy gains would be provided by protocols with different RD.
Towards a multi-basin SWAT model for the migration of nutrients and pesticides to Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Wielgat Paweł , Kalinowska Dominika , Szymkiewicz Adam , Zima Piotr , Jaworska-Szulc Beata , Wojciechowska Ewa , Nawrot Nicole , Matej-Lukowicz Karolina , Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia Anita
Published: February 2021

Background

This paper analyzes the impact of changes in fertilization on crop yields and the runoff of nutrients from a small agricultural catchment (176 km2) to a shallow bay, using the SWAT model. Puck Bay is part of the Gulf of Gdansk and belongs to the Baltic Sea. The whole area of Puck Bay (364 km2) is protected (Natura 2000) yet despite this it suffers from eutrophication problems due to the relatively minimal depth and difficult water exchange.

Methods

The paper presents a comparison of the calculated yields and the runoff of nutrients and pesticides in the SWAT model, for a small agricultural coastal catchment. Calculations were made for 13 crop scenarios with weather data from 2011 to 2019. For each crop, an agriculture calendar was made. Two variants of fertilization were considered (autofertilization mode and according to the calendar). The nutrient runoff was calculated depending on the adopted scenario. In addition, the fate of selected pesticides was simulated.

Results

Depending on the crop, the annual load of NO3into the stream ranged from 0.74 to 3.65 kg ha−1. The annual load of organic phosphorous into the stream was between 0.686 and 3.64 kg ha−1. This is lower than in the majority of EU or Baltic countries. The surface runoff of dissolved Glyphosate was equal to 286 mg ha−1. The annual loads of nutrients from the catchment area are equivalent in both fertilization modes. Regardless of the selected fertilization mode, in addition to the dosage, the form of nutrients is important for the model.
Sigmoid Volvulus in Pregnancy Mimicking Abruptio Placenta
Authors: Ghazali Khairunnisa Che , Nasip Nutrimala Nadia , Hamidi Ahmad Junaidi Ahmad , Aimanan Karthigesu , Hamidon Siti Nur Hamizah , Jee Chin Tek , Wahi Aisah Munirah
Published: February 2021

Sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy is a rare condition with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed, and additional radiological imaging is beneficial if both mother and fetus are stable.  A 28 years old lady, gravida 2 para 1 at 32 weeks gestation, with history of one previous LSCS for acute fetal distress, presented to our labour ward with generalised abdominal pain. A diagnosis of placental abruption was made, and patient was subjected to emergency LSCS for immediate delivery of the baby. A high index of suspicion of sigmoid volvulus should be suspected when a pregnant lady presents with a clinical triad of abdominal pain, distention, and absolute constipation. Timely surgical intervention reduces maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Fe2VO4 Nanoparticles Anchored on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Pseudocapacitive Behaviors for Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Jiang Ying , Wu Feng , Ye Zhengqing , Li Cheng , Zhang Yixin , Li Li , Xie Man , Chen Renjie
Published: February 2021

Iron vanadates are attractive anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their abundant resource reserves and high capacities. However, their practical application is restricted by the aggregation of materials, sluggish reaction kinetics, and inferior reversibility. Herein, Fe2VO4 nanoparticles are anchored on the ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK‐3) nanorods to assemble 3D Fe2VO4@CMK‐3 composites, by solvothermal treatment and subsequent calcination. The resulting composites provide abundant active sites, high electrical conductivity, and excellent structural integrity. The pseudocapacitive‐controlled behavior is the dominating sodium storage mechanism, which facilitates a fast charge/discharge process. The Fe2VO4@CMK‐3 composites exhibit stable sodium‐ion storage (219 mAh g−1 under 100 mA g−1 after 300 cycles), good rate performance (144 mAh g−1 at 3.2 A g−1), and excellent cycling performance (132 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with capacity retention of 96.4% after 800 cycles). When coupled with a NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode, the sodium‐ion full cell displays excellent cycling stability (94 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1). These findings point to the potential of Fe2VO4@CMK‐3 for application as anodes in SIBs.
Experiment‐Oriented Machine Learning of Polymer:Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Saeki Akinori
Published: February 2021

Despite the capacity of conjugated materials for enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV), a comprehensive survey of unexplored materials is beyond the reach of most researchers’ resources. In such instances, a data‐driven approach using machine learning (ML) is an efficient alternative; however, bridging the gap between experimental observations and data science requires a number of refinements. In this investigation, using a random forest model based on an experimental dataset, a high correlation coefficient of 0.85 is achieved for the ML of polymer and non‐fullerene small molecule acceptor OPVs and performed virtual screening of 200,932 conjugated polymers generated by the combinatorial coupling of donor and acceptor units. Further, to evaluate the effectiveness of the ML model, a series of conjugated polymers (based on benzodithiophene and thiazolothiazole) were designed, synthesized, and characterized with different alkyl chains. Among these, PBDTTzEH:IT‐4F showed a PCE of 10.10%, which is in good correspondence with ML predictions with respect to the choice of alkyl chains. Thus, the current study demonstrates how ML can be utilized for developing OPVs using a relatively small number of experimental data points (566) and screening numerous molecular structures.
Aromatic C−H Hydroxylation Reactions with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Bulky Manganese Complexes
Authors: Masferrer‐Rius Eduard , Borrell Margarida , Lutz Martin , Costas Miquel , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: February 2021

The oxidation of aromatic substrates to phenols with H2O2 as a benign oxidant remains an ongoing challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we successfully achieved to catalyze aromatic C−H bond oxidations using a series of biologically inspired manganese catalysts in fluorinated alcohol solvents. While introduction of bulky substituents into the ligand structure of the catalyst favors aromatic C−H oxidations in alkylbenzenes, oxidation occurs at the benzylic position with ligands bearing electron‐rich substituents. Therefore, the nature of the ligand is key in controlling the chemoselectivity of these Mn‐catalyzed C−H oxidations. We show that introduction of bulky groups into the ligand prevents catalyst inhibition through phenolate‐binding, consequently providing higher catalytic turnover numbers for phenol formation. Furthermore, employing halogenated carboxylic acids in the presence of bulky catalysts provides enhanced catalytic activities, which can be attributed to their low pKa values that reduces catalyst inhibition by phenolate protonation as well as to their electron‐withdrawing character that makes the manganese oxo species a more electrophilic oxidant. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the new system can accomplish the oxidation of alkylbenzenes with the highest yields so far reported for homogeneous arene hydroxylation catalysts. Overall our data provide a proof‐of‐concept of how Mn(II)/H2O2/RCO2H oxidation systems are easily tunable by means of the solvent, carboxylic acid additive, and steric demand of the ligand. The chemo‐ and site‐selectivity patterns of the current system, a negligible KIE, the observation of an NIH‐shift, and the effectiveness of using tBuOOH as oxidant overall suggest that hydroxylation of aromatic C−H bonds proceeds through a metal‐based mechanism, with no significant involvement of hydroxyl radicals, and via an arene oxide intermediate.

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MgFe‐LDH Nanoparticles: A Promising Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Replacement for Self‐Renewal and Pluripotency Maintenance in Cultured Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: He Xiaolie , Zhu Yanjing , Yang Li , Wang Zhaojie , Wang Zekun , Feng Jianhao , Wen Xuejun , Cheng Liming , Zhu Rongrong
Published: February 2021

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an indispensable bioactive protein that sustains self‐renewal and pluripotency in stem cells, is vital for mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture. Extensive research is conducted on reliable alternatives for LIF as its clinical application in stable culture and large‐scale expansion of ESCs is limited by its instability and high cost. However, few studies have sought to replace LIF with nanoparticles to provide a xeno‐free culture condition. MgAl‐LDH (layered double hydroxide) nanoparticles can partially replace LIF in maintaining pluripotency of mESCs; however, the requirement and tolerance for aluminum ions in mice are far lesser than those of iron ions. Hence, MgFe‐LDH nanoparticles are selected for this study. MgFe‐LDH is superior to MgAl‐LDH in maintaining self‐renewal and pluripotency of mESCs, in the absence of LIF and mouse embryonic fibroblast. Furthermore, combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis confirms that MgFe‐LDH can activate the LIF receptor (LIFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT), LIFR/JAK/janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), and phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p‐STAT3)/ten‐eleven translocation (TET) signaling pathways, while the extra Fe2+ provided by MgFe‐LDH would also enhance TET1/2 abundance thus affecting the TET1/2 regulated pluripotency related marker expression and TET1/2 meditated DNA demethylation. These results suggest that MgFe‐LDH nanoparticles can thus be used as an affordable and efficient replacement for LIF in mESC cultivation.
Isotropous Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Interlayer with Homogeneous Na+ Flux Dynamics for Solid‐State Na Metal Batteries
Authors: Miao Xianguang , Wang Huiyang , Sun Rui , Ge Xiaoli , Zhao Danyang , Wang Peng , Wang Rutao , Yin Longwei
Published: February 2021

Inorganic solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) based Na‐metal batteries have received extensive attention in next‐generation lithium‐free energy storage systems with both high‐security and superior electrochemical performance. Herein, in contrast to the conventionally used polymer/ceramic/polymer sandwich electrolyte, an efficient green and scalable powder‐polishing synthetic method is developed to fabricate a pyrolyzed‐polyacrylonitrile modified Na super ionic conductor (NASICON) electrolyte to relieve polarization of integrated composite SSE and ameliorate interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the Na anode. Furthermore, introducing S in the preferable isotropous sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) interlayer can trigger dehydrogenation and cyclization of polyacrylonitrile with chemically‐bonded short‐chain SS segments, which can bond with Na+ to redistribute the interfacial electric field and homogenize transported Na+ flux, leading to transition of Na deposition behavior from dendrite growth mode to lateral flat‐shape growth tendency. The conjugated polymer backbones possess delocalized radicals that can activate formed short‐chain sulfides to reconnect to the backbones, thus maintaining superior structural stability. Benefiting from the rational interfacial design, a record‐high value of 1.4 mA cm−2 for critical current density of Na/SPAN‐NASICON/Na cells is obtained. Moreover, SPAN is used as a cathode to assemble solid‐state Na/SPAN‐NASICON/SPAN Na‐organosulfur batteries, demonstrating superior capacity and cycling‐stability. The rational SPAN‐based structural design strategy may provide an avenue for potential application of solid‐state alkali metal batteries.
Balsa‐Wood‐Derived Binder–Free Freestanding Carbon Foam as High‐Performance Potassium Anode
Authors: Yu Weijian , Liu Zhaomeng , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan
Published: February 2021

The binder‐free freestanding electrode is assumed as a proven and effective method of increasing the energy density of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) because of the addition of binder and conductor. However, an expensive and complex synthesis process hampers its development, Herein, a binder‐free freestanding biomass hard carbon (BHC) foam with balsa wood as the precursor is put forward. The prepared BHC foam maintains a highly hierarchical structure, in which the channels are interconnected and the pipe walls form an extremely stable 3D structure. This 3D porous network is synthesized in one step by a simple, environmentally friendly method, which ensures efficient ion and electrolyte transfer without structure collapse during the electrochemical cycle. When used as PIB anodes, the binder‐free freestanding carbon foam delivers a high reversible capacity of 252.7 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 63.7%, excellent long cycle stability (95.1% capacity retention after 500 cycles, and the average decay rate per cycle is 0.012% over 2500 cycles), and superior rate capability (the capacity of 165 mAh g−1 reserved at 2000 mA g−1). This strategy provides a simple and fast way to fabricate a stable and high‐performance anode for PIBs.
Color‐tunable and Highly Emissive Solid Materials Constructed from Tetraphenylethylene‐o‐carborane‐based Building Blocks: Synthesis, Aggregation‐induced emission, and Photophysics
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhou Qin , Zhu Miao , Chen Wei , Wang Beibei , Sha Ye , Yan Hong
Published: February 2021

A novel kind of expanded tetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐carborane‐TPE pentad has been synthesized by using two adjacent carborane moieties as central bridges and three TPE units in lateral positions. Its solid‐state fluorescence quantum yield was substantially increased to 68.2% by expanding the number of bridges between carborane and TPE. Subsequently, the emission color shifted from blue to orange‐yellow (126 nm). Mechanical insights into the electronic structure of the extended TPE‐carborane‐TPE pentads were obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Advances in bioreactors for lung bioengineering: From scalable cell culture to tissue growth monitoring
Authors: Mahfouzi Seyed Hossein , Amoabediny Ghassem , Safiabadi Tali Seyed Hamid
Published: February 2021

Lung bioengineering has emerged to resolve the current lung transplantation limitations and risks, including the shortage of donor organs and the high rejection rate of transplanted lungs. One of the most critical elements of lung bioengineering is bioreactors. Bioreactors with different applications have been developed in the last decade for lung bioengineering approaches, aiming to produce functional reproducible tissue constructs. Here, the current status and advances made in the development and application of bioreactors for bioengineering lungs are comprehensively reviewed. First, bioreactor design criteria are explained, followed by a discussion on using bioreactors as a culture system for scalable expansion and proliferation of lung cells, such as producing epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Next, bioreactor systems facilitating and improving decellularization and recellularization of lung tissues are discussed, highlighting the studies that developed bioreactors for producing engineered human‐sized lungs. Then, monitoring bioreactors are reviewed, showing their ability to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions for maturing engineered lung tissues, followed by an explanation on the ability of ex vivo lung perfusion systems for reconditioning the lungs before transplantation. After that, lung cancer studies simplified by bioreactors are discussed, showing the potentials of bioreactors in lung disease modeling. Finally, other platforms with the potential of facilitating lung bioengineering are described, including the in vivo bioreactors and lung‐on‐a‐chip models. In the end, concluding remarks and future directions are put forward to accelerate lung bioengineering using bioreactors.
Gene switch for l‐glucose‐induced biopharmaceutical production in mammalian cells
Authors: Strittmatter Tobias , Egli Sabina , Bertschi Adrian , Plieninger Richard , Bojar Daniel , Xie Mingqi , Fussenegger Martin
Published: February 2021

In this study, we designed and built a gene switch that employs metabolically inert l‐glucose to regulate transgene expression in mammalian cells via d‐idonate‐mediated control of the bacterial regulator LgnR. To this end, we engineered a metabolic cascade in mammalian cells to produce the inducer molecule d‐idonate from its precursor l‐glucose by ectopically expressing the Paracoccus species 43P‐derived catabolic enzymes LgdA, LgnH, and LgnI. To obtain ON‐ and OFF‐switches, we fused LgnR to the human transcriptional silencer domain Krüppel associated box (KRAB) and the viral trans‐activator domain VP16, respectively. Thus, these artificial transcription factors KRAB‐LgnR or VP16‐LgnR modulated cognate promoters containing LgnR‐specific binding sites in a d‐idonate‐dependent manner as a direct result of l‐glucose metabolism. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, we show that the switches can control production of the model biopharmaceutical rituximab in both transiently and stably transfected HEK‐293T cells, as well as CHO‐K1 cells. Rituximab production reached 5.9 µg/ml in stably transfected HEK‐293T cells and 3.3 µg/ml in stably transfected CHO‐K1 cells.
Determination of ceftazidime in plasma by RP‐HPLC and ultraviolet detection
Authors: Bergman Joan , Harvill Lainey , Hawkins Shawna , Sladky Kurt , Cox Sherry
Published: February 2021

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of ceftazidime in plasma has been developed. Using an ultrafiltration technique samples were separated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography on a Symmetry C18 4.6 × 250 mm column (5.0 μm) and ultraviolet absorbance was measured at 260 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 10 mm potassium phosphate monobasic pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (90:10). The standard curve ranged from 0.1 to 100 μg/ml. Intra‐ and inter‐assay variability for ceftazidime was <12%, and the average recovery was 89%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 μg/ml. This method has been used successfully to analyze frog plasma samples at this institution and it could be applied to other small volume samples in a clinical or research setting.
Caregiving burden and depressive symptoms among ultra‐orthodox Jews: The moderating role of sense of community
Authors: Maytles Ruth , Bergman Yoav S. , Trachtingot Itschak
Published: February 2021

Individuals who care for aging parents or relatives often experience caregiving burden, which is associated with various negative psychological outcomes. During the current COVID‐19 pandemic, the conflict between caring for older relatives and taking the necessary personal precautions against infection may be exacerbated among individuals who belong to social groups, which perceive caring for others as an indispensable cultural construct. Accordingly, the current study examined whether feeling a part of one's community moderates the association between caregiving burden and depressive symptoms among the ultra‐orthodox society in Israel. A convenience sample of 358 ultra‐orthodox participants was collected (age range 30–70; M = 49.50, SD = 10.24), all of whom completed scales assessing caregiving burden, sense of community, and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrated that high caregiving burden and low sense of community were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, sense of community moderated the caregiving burden‐depressive symptoms link, as the latter positive association was significant only among individuals reporting low levels of sense of community. The discussion highlights the importance of sense of community as a beneficial personal and social factor, which mitigates the negative psychological consequences of caregiving burden among such societies.
A superiority–inferiority hypothesis on disparagement humor: The role of disposition toward ridicule
Authors: Hatzithomas Leonidas , Voutsa Maria C. , Boutsouki Christina , Zotos Yorgos
Published: February 2021

The present paper adopts and substantiates a superiority–inferiority hypothesis on disparagement humor generation and appreciation. Two between‐subjects (identification with a character acting as victimizer or victim) experiments address disparaging humorous advertising effectiveness, providing a novel perspective on very old questions. Perceived superiority and inferiority autonomously mediate the relationship between a disparaging advertisement and perceived humorousness. Individuals with high superiority motivation (i.e., high‐katagelasticists) experience increased humorousness and an improved attitude toward the brand when they identify with a character acting as victimizer in the disparaging ad. People with a motivation to avoid inferiority (i.e., high‐gelotophobes) experience reduced humorousness and lower positive attitudes toward the brand when they identify with a character who is victimized in the disparaging ad. Gelotophiles are not driven by feelings of superiority or inferiority and experience increased humorousness as well as more positive brand attitudes irrespective of the ad's victimization focus.
Mehr Licht für nachhaltigen Chemieunterricht
Authors: Tausch Michael W.
Published: February 2021

Es ist zu erwarten, dass Licht im 21. Jahrhundert zur wichtigsten Energieform für nachhaltige Entwicklung aufsteigt. Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung gilt in allen Bundesländern als übergeordnete Leitlinie im Schulunterricht. Die LED muss daher als Lichtquelle unter den Laborgeräten einen Stammplatz erhalten, ähnlich wie ihn der Gasbrenner als Wärmequelle hat. Immerhin sind LED‐Taschenlampen nicht nur kostengünstiger, sondern auch sicherer und einfacher zu bedienen als Gasbrenner. Noch wichtiger ist, dass viele Reaktionen, bei denen der Gasbrenner chancenlos ist, mit farbigem Licht aus LED oder mit Sonnenlicht bereits bei Raumtemperatur angetrieben werden.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Fluorescent Probes Targeting the 18‐kDa Translocator Protein
Authors: Wongso Hendris , Yamasaki Tomoteru , Kumata Katsushi , Ono Maiko , Higuchi Makoto , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Fulham Michael J. , Katsifis Andrew , Keller Paul A.
Published: February 2021

A series of fluorescent probes from the 6‐chloro‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐yl acetamides ligands featuring the 7‐nitro‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl (NBD) moiety has been synthesized and biologically evaluated for their fluorescence properties and for their binding affinity to the 18‐kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Spectroscopic studies including UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements showed that the synthesized fluorescent probes exhibit favorable spectroscopic properties, especially in nonpolar environments. In vitro fluorescence staining in brain sections from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐injected mice revealed partial colocalization of the probes with the TSPO. The TSPO binding affinity of the probes was measured on crude mitochondrial fractions separated from rat brain homogenates in a [11C]PK11195 radioligand binding assay. All the new fluorescent probes demonstrated moderate to high binding affinity to the TSPO, with affinity (Ki) values ranging from 0.58 nM to 3.28 μM. Taking these data together, we propose that the new fluorescent probes could be used to visualize the TSPO.
Delay to surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma affects oncologic outcomes
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Lin Fang‐Yu , Bell Diana , Ferrarotto Renata , Weber Randal S. , Lewis Carol M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for downstaging advanced disease and decreasing distant metastasis (DM). To the authors' knowledge, no study has specifically examined the impact of a delayed time to surgery (TTS) after NAC on oncologic outcomes. They thus aimed to identify a cutoff for TTS after NAC and its effect on survival indices.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all patients with HNSCC receiving NAC followed by surgery with curative intent between March 2016 and March 2019 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify a cutoff for TTS, and this cutoff was used to analyze the overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence rate, DM‐free rate, and disease‐free survival (DFS). A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed.

Results

One hundred one patients were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 24.7 months. The 3‐year OS and locoregional recurrence rates did not differ with a TTS ≥ 34 days. However, the 3‐year DM‐free rate was significantly worse (56% vs 90%; P = .001) in the group with a TTS ≥ 34 days, and the 3‐year DFS was significantly lower (26% vs 64%; P = .006). In a multivariate analysis, a TTS ≥ 34 days (hazard ratio [HR], 4.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84‐13.13) and extracapsular extension (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.13‐8.00) were significant independent predictors of a poorer DM‐free rate. Weight loss > 10% (HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.02‐30.24) was the only independent predictor for a TTS ≥ 34 days.

Conclusions

Emphasis should be placed on early definitive locoregional treatment after NAC, particularly in patients who do not respond to NAC. There is a need to validate these findings and establish new benchmarks for the interval between NAC and surgery.
NT‐proBNP Qualifies as a Surrogate for Clinical End Points in Heart Failure
Authors: Schmitt Walter , Rühs Hauke , Burghaus Rolf , Diedrich Christian , Duwal Sulav , Eissing Thomas , Garmann Dirk , Meyer Michaela , Ploeger Bart , Lippert Jörg
Published: February 2021

N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a well‐established biomarker in heart failure (HF) but controversially discussed as a potential surrogate marker in HF trials. We analyzed the NT‐proBNP/mortality relationship in real‐world data (RWD) of 108,330 HF patients from the IBM Watson Health Explorys database and compared it with the NT‐proBNP / clinical event end‐point relationship in 20 clinical HF studies. With a hierarchical statistical model, we quantified the functional relationship and interstudy variability. To independently qualify the model, we predicted outcome hazard ratios in five phase III HF studies solely based on NT‐proBNP measured early in the respective study. In RWD and clinical studies, the relationship between NT‐proBNP and clinical outcome is well described by an Emax model. The NT‐proBNP independent baseline risk (R0, RWD/studies median (interstudy interquartile range): 5.5%/3.0% (1.7–4.9%)) is very low compared with the potential NT‐proBNP–associated maximum risk (Rmax: 55.2%/79.4% (61.5–89.0%)). The NT‐proBNP concentration associated with the half‐maximal risk is comparable in RWD and across clinical studies (EC50: 3,880/2,414 pg/mL (1,460–4,355 pg/mL)). Model‐based predictions of phase III outcomes, relying on short‐term NT‐proBNP data only, match final trial results with comparable confidence intervals. Our analysis qualifies NT‐proBNP as a surrogate for clinical outcome in HF trials. NT‐proBNP levels after short treatment durations of less than 10 weeks quantitatively predict hazard ratios with confidence levels comparable to final trial readout. Early NT‐proBNP measurement can therefore enable shorter and smaller but still reliable HF trials.
Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound combined with rapid on‐site evaluation of transbronchial lung biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Liu Wei , Wang Wei , Li Li , Hu Huidi , Wang Jiwang
Published: February 2021

Abstrac

Background

Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to increase endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guide transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) accuracy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). However, studies have reported controversial results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of EBUS‐TBLB combination with ROSE in PPLs.

Methods

A total of 152 patients with PPLs underwent EBUS were enrolled and completed this study. Patients were divided into EBUS combined with ROSE group (EBUS+ROSE group) and EBUS group (EBUS group). The diagnostic yield, operation time, and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

The diagnostic yield in EBUS+ROSE group was 85.9%, the operation time was (24.6 ± 6.8) min, the diagnostic yield in EBUS group was 70.3%, and the operative time was (32.4 ± 8.7) min, there were significant differences in diagnostic yield (χ2 = 5.456, P = .016) and operation time (t = 3.167, P = .001) between the two groups. No severe procedure related complications were observed, such as, pneumothorax and hemorrhage.

Conclusions

ROSE can improve the diagnostic yield and shorten the operation time. EBUS combined with ROSE is an effective diagnostic method for PPLs.
State of laser resurfacing 2021: A roundtable discussion
Authors: Pozner Jason N. , Cohen Joel L. , Burns Jay , DiBernardo Barry E. , Bass Lawrence S. , Robb Christopher W. , Cook Jonathan , Jones Kaitlyn
Published: February 2021

The following roundtable is a discussion between the authors concerning various laser and intense pulsed light devices. Given the number and types of devices in the market, a physician looking to purchase this type of technology may be challenged, confused, or overwhelmed with options. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current devices available, as well as pinpoint what we use them for in our offices—from either a plastic surgeon or a dermatologist perspective.
Negative urgency combined with negative emotionality is linked to eating disorder psychopathology in community women with and without binge eating
Authors: Magel Chantelle A. , von Ranson Kristin M.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Previous research has shown that negative emotionality (NE) and negative urgency (NU) are each risk factors for disordered eating behaviors among undergraduates and treatment‐seekers. However, the interaction of these traits in community‐based adults with clinical levels of binge eating is unknown and has implications for risk and maintenance models of disordered eating.

Method

We examined a moderated‐mediation model of cross‐sectional associations among levels of NE (independent variable), NU (mediator), and eating disorder psychopathology (i.e., eating, shape, and weight concerns, and restraint; dependent variable) in 68 community‐recruited women with current regular binge eating and 75 control women with no eating disorder history (group = moderator). Participants completed semi‐structured diagnostic interviews and self‐report questionnaires measuring NE, NU, eating disorder psychopathology, and anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

After adjusting for anxiety and depression symptoms and body mass index, women with binge eating experienced greater NU and eating disorder psychopathology than control women with no eating disorder history. Despite similar levels of NE across groups, both groups exhibited an indirect effect of NE on eating disorder psychopathology via NU.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that greater NE, coupled with a propensity to engage in rash action when experiencing negative emotions, are associated with eating disorder psychopathology in women with and without eating disorders characterized by binge eating. These findings may help explain why some individuals engage in disordered eating behaviors when experiencing negative affect.
Intraspecific trait variability and community assembly in hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) across an elevational gradient in the eastern Himalayas, India
Authors: Mungee Mansi , Athreya Ramana
Published: February 2021

We investigated some aspects of hawkmoth community assembly at 13 elevations along a 200‐ to 2770‐m transect in the eastern Himalayas, a little studied biodiversity hot spot of global importance. We measured the morphological traits of body mass, wing loading, and wing aspect ratio of 3,301 free‐ranging individuals of 76 species without having to collect or even constrain them. We used these trait measurements and T‐statistic metrics to assess the strength of intracommunity (“internal") and extra‐community (“external”) filters which determine the composition of communities vis‐a‐vis the regional pool of species.

The trait distribution of constituent species turned out to be nonrandom subsets of the community‐trait distribution, providing strong evidence for internal filtering in all elevational communities. The external filter metric was more ambiguous. However, the elevational dependence of many metrics including that of the internal filter provided evidence for external (i.e., environmental) filtering. On average, a species occupied as much as 50%–75% of the total community‐trait space, yet the T‐statistic metric for internal filter was sufficiently sensitive to detect a strong nonrandom structure in the trait distribution.

We suggest that the change in T‐statistic metrics along the environmental gradient may provide more clues to the process of community assembly than previously envisaged. A large, smoothly varying and well‐sampled environmental span would make it easier to discern them. Developing T‐statistics for combined analysis of multiple traits will perhaps provide a more accurate picture of internal/filtering and niche complementarity. Moths are a hyperdiverse taxon and a very important component of many ecosystems. Our technique for accurately measuring body and wing dimensions of free‐ranging moths can generate trait database for a large number of individuals in a time‐ and resource‐efficient manner for a variety of community assembly studies using this important taxon.
Accommodating the role of site memory in dynamic species distribution models
Authors: DiRenzo Graziella V. , Miller David A. W. , Hossack Blake R. , Sigafus Brent H. , Howell Paige E. , Muths Erin , Grant Evan H. C.
Published: February 2021

First‐order dynamic occupancy models (FODOMs) are a class of state‐space model in which the true state (occurrence) is observed imperfectly. An important assumption of FODOMs is that site dynamics only depend on the current state and that variations in dynamic processes are adequately captured with covariates or random effects. However, it is often difficult to understand and/or measure the covariates that generate ecological data, which are typically spatiotemporally correlated. Consequently, the non‐independent error structure of correlated data causes underestimation of parameter uncertainty and poor ecological inference. Here, we extend the FODOM framework with a second‐order Markov process to accommodate site memory when covariates are not available. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inference about site occupancy, colonization, extinction, turnover, and detection probabilities. We present a series of simulations to illustrate the data requirements and model performance. We then applied our modeling framework to 13 yr of data from an amphibian community in southern Arizona, USA. In this analysis, we found residual temporal autocorrelation of population processes for most species, even after accounting for long‐term drought dynamics. Our approach represents a valuable advance in obtaining inference on population dynamics, especially as they relate to metapopulations.
Disentangling Mechanisms Behind Chronic Lethality through Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling
Authors: Gergs André , Hager Jutta , Bruns Eric , Preuss Thomas G.
Published: February 2021

Ecotoxicological profiles of the 3 insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and flupyradifurone in terms of acute and chronic effects were analyzed in Chironomus riparius. Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic modeling revealed that chironomids would die from starvation as a result of prolonged feeding inhibition under chronic exposures. The starvation effect is an indirect cause for mortality, which, for the neonicotinoids, adds to the direct/acute mortality, although the results suggests that this additional effect is not relevant for flupyradifurone. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1706–1712. © 2021 Bayer Inc. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Association between sex and survival in patients with head and neck spindle cell carcinoma
Authors: Hennocq Quentin , Saintigny Pierre , Quilhot Pauline , Bertolus Chloé , Foy Jean‐Philippe
Published: February 2021

Background

Head and neck spindle cell carcinoma (HNSpCC) is a rare histological variant associated with worse outcomes. Our objective was to identify clinicopathological factors associated with survival in patients with HNSpCC compared to patients with conventional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

Using clinical data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we performed a survival analysis in patients with HNSpCC or HNSCC between 2004 and 2016.

Results

A total of 458 HNSpCC and 77 104 HNSCC were identified, including 17% and 16% female, respectively. Five‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 63.90% and 73.90% in patients with HNSpCC and HNSCC, respectively. Sex (hazard ratio [HR] for females = 2.816; CI: 1.139–6.965; p = 0.025) was significantly associated with DSS in HNSpCC while no association was observed between sex and DSS in HNSCC.

Conclusion

HNSpCC in women is a specific subgroup of HNSCC, which is associated with a poor prognosis.
Clear identification of the rare solitary external iliac lymph node metastasis of testicular cancer by using indocyanine green fluorescence guidance
Authors: Enei Yuki , Urabe Fumihiko , Miki Jun , Iwatani Kosuke , Hisakane Akira , Yasue Keiji , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin
Published: February 2021

Introduction

There are few reports on indocyanine green fluorescence‐guided surgery in testis‐related diseases.

Case presentation

A 38‐year‐old man underwent orchiectomy for left testicular cancer. Pathological diagnosis was pT1 seminoma. Seven years after the surgery, solitary left external iliac lymph node metastasis was suspected. We decided to perform laparoscopic lymph node dissection combined with indocyanine green fluorescence injection. During the operation, we injected indocyanine green fluorescence into his left inner inguinal ring and found that the lymph node was directly drained from the injection point. The pathological diagnosis of the indocyanine green fluorescence‐positive left external iliac lymph node was testicular cancer metastasis.

Conclusion

We experienced a case of solitary left external iliac lymph node recurrence in testicular cancer. Using indocyanine green fluorescence injection, we could visualize the lymphatic drainage route, which helped us identify the lymph node as the primary landing site of metastasis.
Binding Se into nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets for high‐performance potassium storage
Authors: Huang Huijuan , Luo Xiao , Yao Yu , Zhou Xuefeng , Jiang Yu , Guo Chunli , Liu Jiaqin , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan
Published: February 2021

Selenium cathode has been demonstrated as a promising candidate of cathode material for low‐cost and high‐energy density potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, their applications are prevented by poor electrochemical performance due to the shuttle effect of high‐order polyselenides, the sluggish diffusion of bigger K+, and the huge volumetric expansion during cycling. In this work, we design a multifunctional Se host (N‐HCNS) by grafting ZIF‐8‐derived microporous carbon onto the surface of N‐doped porous carbon nanosheets. The obtained N‐HCNS carbon matrix integrates conductivity, captivity, and immobility abilities, which inhibits the polyselenides shuttle, improves the Se utilization, and buffers the volume change during cycling. The 3D hollow carbon skeleton enhances the infiltration of electrolytes. As an cathode for PIBs, the Se@N‐HCNS electrode delivers an unprecedented life‐span (260 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 2000 cycles) and exhibits a remarkable rate capacity (339 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals the effective adsorption of K2Se with pyridine and pyrrole nitrogen doping in carbon matrix. The unique synergetic design of electrode not only gives insight into the reaction mechanism but also highly emphasizes the potential capabilities of N‐doped carbon in K‐Se batteries.

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