bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gennem flere Labyrinter
Authors: Højlund Irene
Published: October 2023

Artiklen opridser afhandlingens problemfelt og problemstilling. Herefter opridses kort af- handlingens formål, centrale udfordring og metodologisk position. Endelig gives en række eksempler på afhandlingens analytiske indhold og teksten afslutter med 3 bud på et bidrag.
Kritisk psykologi
Authors: Madsen Ole Jacob
Published: October 2023

Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over kritisk psykologi sin historiske utvikling, utbredelse i nåtiden og utfordringer for framtiden ut fra dens overordnede mål om å utfordre og foran- dre mainstream psykologi. Marx og Foucault presenteres som de to filosofiske gigantene fra det 18. og 19. århundret med størst innflytelse på utformingen av kritisk psykologi. Til tross for en rekke ulike skoler og tradisjoner i dag, så forenes kritiske psykologer likevel rundt et felles etisk-politisk mål om å bekjempe un- dertrykkelse og fremme sosial rettferdighet. Selv om framtiden unektelig ser lys ut for kri- tisk psykologi, gitt at mainstream psykologi ser ut til å fortsette sin ekspansjon, så ligger det likevel potensielle konflikter mellom dens ideologiske-marxistiske arv og kritisk tenkning som må løses. Kritisk psykologi sitt prosjekt må til stadighet tas opp til kritisk vurdering for å unngå de abstrakte, tilstivnede reifikasjonene bevegelsen i utgangspunktet ønsker å motvirke.
Selvforståelse og handleevne hos unge etter en ervervet hjerneskade
Authors: Killi Eli Marie
Published: October 2023

Denne artikkelen inngår i et ph.d.-prosjekt som undersøker “Mening og sammenheng i læringsforløpet etter en ervervet hjerneskade”. Den argumenterer for betydningen av både en nevrovitenskaplig og en subjektvitenskaplig tilgang for å forstå de unges handleevne og selvforståelse, med et særlig fokus på sosial fungering etter ervervet hjerneskade. De aller fleste barn og unge i Norge som blir utsatt for en traumatisk hjerneskade, kommer direkte til- bake til skolen fra sykehuset. I ph.d.-prosjektet inngår en deltagelse i 8 skolers praksis, der 8 unge i alderen 13-17 år, alle med følger etter en traumatisk hjerneskade, blir fulgt spesielt. Undersøkelsen består av deltagende observasjon og intervju med de unge, deres foresatte og betydningsfulle profesjonelle i skolen, i tillegg til dokumentanalyse av fore- liggende nevropsykolograpporter, individu- elle opplæringsplaner og halvårsrapporter. I denne artikkelen analyseres handleevne og selvforståelse etter en traumatisk hjerneskade med utgangspunkt i en av de 8 unge, Peter. Analysen viser at fraværet av et “vi” og be- tingelser som begrenser og fastholder Peter i ikke-deltagende posisjoner, utelukker han fra sammenhenger og fellesskap som han ønsker å bli en del av. Artikkelen konkluderer med

at det er behov for både en nevrovitenskaplig og en subjektvitenskaplig tilgang for å kunne forstå det dialektiske forholdet mellom den biologiske realiteten av de unges hjerneskade og vanskene slik de kommer til uttrykk i ulike sosiale praksiser i og utenfor skolen. Denne forståelsen blir hevdet å være av stor betyd- ning for at de unge kan utvide sin handleevne og overskride marginale posisjoner etter hjerneskaden.
Konflikt og konsensus i tværfagligt samarbejde omkring børn i vanskeligheder
Authors: Larsen Maja Røn
Published: October 2023

Børn lever deres liv forskellige steder, og sær- ligt for børn i vanskeligheder er der en lang række forskellige parter (Forældre, profes- sionelle og embedsmænd) involveret i arbej- det omkring dem. I de senere år har der for at undgå diskontinuitet og brud i børnenes sammensatte forløb været et stort fokus på at udvikle det tværfaglige samarbejde for at sikre koordinering og målretning af indsatserne om- kring børn i vanskeligheder.

Artiklens hovedtema er en forskningsmæs- sig og empirisk interesse omkring en påfalden- de modsætning i det tværfaglige samarbejde: I mange kommuner begrundes etableringen af en tværfaglig struktur netop i ønsket om at skabe en mere sammensat viden om børns vanskeligheder, hvilket potentielt indebærer, at de forskellige parter har konfliktende perspek- tiver på vanskeligheder i skolen. I artiklens analyser af konkret tværfagligt samarbejde er forskellene mellem parterne imidlertid mindre fremherskende, og den viden, der produce- res, fremtræder ofte entydig og “harmonisk”. Viden om barnets sammensatte hverdagsliv sammen med andre mennesker ser således ud til at nedtones til fordel for viden om særken- detegn ved enkeltbørn, som forklaringer på vanskeligheder omkring barnet.

I artiklen undersøges de institutionelle be- tingelser for dette spændingsfelt mellem mang- foldighed og konfliktualitet på den ene side – og entydighed og konsensus på den anden. Den tværfaglige samarbejdspraksis udforskes gennem analyser af observationer og inter- views med forskellige deltagere. Derigennem etableres viden om, hvordan forskellige mod- stridende betingelser får betydning for sam- arbejdet. Konkret peges på den sideløbende eksistens af to forskellige forståelsesfigurer for børns udvikling: En figur med rødder i positivismen rettet mod afklaring af individu- elle årsager til vanskeligheder og en situeret figur, der peger i retning af identifikation af kontekstuelle betingelser for vanskeligheder. Den centrale pointe er, at de forståelsesfigurer, der gøres brug af, må begribes som en del af forskellige deltageres subjektive håndtering af konkrete modsigelsesfyldte udfordringer i en institutionaliseret praksis. I artiklen diskuteres det således, hvordan de forskellige forståelses- figurer både får betydning for det tværfaglige samarbejde og samtidigt også reproduceres og udvikles gennem det.
Forord til artiklen: Fiktionen om læring som produkt af pædagogiske læreplaner
Authors: Jartoft Vibeke
Published: October 2023

I mine øjne kan denne artikel måske åbne op for forståelser af mulige sammenhænge mel- lem organiseringen af den samfundsmæssige undervisning og den udbredte diagnostice- ring af skolebørn, der foregår i en stor del af verden i disse år, hvor ADHD og autisme tegner sig for et betydeligt antal.
Läxor som gränsobjekt för samverkan mellan hem och skola?
Authors: Strandberg Max
Published: October 2023

Studien analyserar läxor i ett läxsamarbe- te mellan hem och skola. Tidigare forskning med interaktiva läxor mellan hem och skola har studerat samarbetets betydelse för elev- ernas resultat. Här studeras däremot hur läx- or som utgår ifrån föräldrarnas erfarenheter kan bidra till samarbetet och till ett specifikt innehåll. Datamaterialet består av intervjuer, klassrumsobservationer och elevtexter insam- lade i samband med ett utvecklingsprojekt på en multietnisk och flerspråkig högstadieskola. Eleverna diskuterade läxan först i klassen, sedan hemma och därefter tillsammans i klas- sen – på så sätt kunde föräldrarnas bidrag bli en resurs för hela klassen. Begreppet gräns- objekt (Star & Griesemer, 1989) används för att analysera vad som kännetecknade de läxor som ledde till samtal i hemmen och i skolan. När innehållet i undervisningen stod i centrum skapades en annan sorts samarbete än det som traditionellt äger rum vid föräldramöten och utvecklingssamtal. Samarbetet med läxorna karakteriserades av diskussioner och samtal mellan ungdomar och vuxna om skolgång och barndom i olika delar av världen och kring existentiella frågor. Resultatet visar att läxor som berörde förälskelse, Mellanöstern och re- ligion inte kunde fungera som gränsobjekt. Re-

sultatet visar också att föräldrar som i annan forskning emellanåt beskrivs som ett problem i samarbetet mellan hem och skola kunde bidra med sina livserfarenheter och värderingar till undervisningen. Studien ger en indikation om att lärare inte på egen hand kan skapa läxor för alla elever i flerspråkiga och multietniska klasser. För att lyckas krävs ett innehållsligt samarbete med elever och föräldrar.
Børn mellem skole og familie
Authors: Dannesboe Karen Ida
Published: October 2023

Artiklen bygger på en ph.d.-afhandling om skole-hjem-relationer og børns hverdagsliv. Gennem et etnografisk studie af børns hverdag i og på tværs af skole og familie fokuserer afhandlingen på, hvordan relationer mellem skole og familie såvel som børns identiteter skabes gennem børns, forældres og læreres praksisser, forventninger og fornemmelser. Afhandlingens analyser viser, at skolens for- ventninger til familien fordrer et intensiveret engagement i familien, og får betydning internt i familierne såvel som for børns oplevelse af at lykkes eller mislykkes i skolen.
Skærmtid, Displacement-hypotesen og digital determinisme
Authors: Nimgaard Mathias
Published: October 2023

Digitale medier er en del af de fleste børns hverdagsliv, da de bruges af børnene selv eller andre omkring børnene hjemme, i skolen og i fritidslivet. Det øgede medieforbrug har gennem de seneste år vakt bekymring for, hvilken betydning digitaliseringen har for børns udvikling og trivsel. Særligt udbredt synes at have været bekymringen for, hvorvidt og hvornår tiden brugt på de digitale medier forskyder andre aktiviteter, der er vigtige for børns udvikling. Med et overvejende fokus på skærmtid antages forskellige digitale medier i dag ofte at være en kontekstløs variabel, der har samme kausale effekt på børns udvikling uafhængigt af mediets funktioner, barnets oplevelser eller den kollektive praksis. Denne artikel har til formål at nuancere disse monokausale udviklingslogikker ved at præsentere et sociokulturelt afsæt til at tilgå det gensidigt afhængige forhold mellem barn-medie-praksis. Mere uddybet vil jeg i artiklen dels kritisk diskutere skærmtidsparadigmets forskydningslogik som digital determinisme, og dels vil jeg udfolde et kontekstfokuseret analytisk afsæt gennem begreber om engagementer, vedvarende imitation og mediers affordances. Artiklens arbejde baserer sig på et eksplorativt review samt et kvalitativt empirisk projekt med børns brug af TikTok som empirisk nedslag. Artiklen behandler, hvordan børn i brugen af TikTok kan (re)producere betydninger på kollektive og personlige niveauer, og hvordan disse betydningsprocesser dynamisk kan virke ind i børns hverdagspraksisser.
Nøgleord:TikTok, skærmtid, Displacement-hypotesen, udviklingspsykologi, digital determinisme
Fremstilling af motiver
Authors: Nissen Morten
Published: October 2023

Teksten her er manuskriptet til min tiltrædelsesforelæsning som professor i pædago-gisk psykologi på DPU, august 2022, tilføjet en epilog. Forelæsningen gengiver i det store hele pointer fra den bog jeg udgiver her i 2023, Rearticulating Motives. Først sættes den i kontekst af humanioras aktuelle krise, hvor DPU hævdes at have særlige potentialer fordi vi repræsenterer en form for samfunds- og kulturteori som forholder sig til praksis – hvor standardiserende vidensformer dominerer, men efterlader et udækket behov for syntetiserende, refleksive, dialogiske og skabende kompetencer. Jeg hævder at disse potentialer må indløses ved at fastholde et ideal om objektivitet, snarere end stille os tilfredse med begreber der kun signalerer abstrakte negationer. Dernæst diskuterer jeg objektivitetsspørgsmålet i motivationspsykologien, hvor det paradoksale projekt at gøre det subjektive objektivt oftest realiseres som en ’grænse-objektivitet’, med begreber der danner relæ (fx ’energi’) og skjuler deres discipline-rende og/eller utopiske funktion. Heroverfor foreslås en meta-objektivitet, som ’post-psykologisk’ refleksion af forskellige videns- og fremstillingsformer. Den sidste del af forelæsningen udfolder det perspektiv ved at analysere praktiske fremstillinger af mo-tiver, i æstetiske aktiviteter som omsorg for og med unge rusmiddelbrugere. Æstetik-ken betragtes som en måde at metareflektere aktiviteter og motiver, herunder også at overskride rammerne for ’behandling’ (fx af ’afhængighed’) i retning af bredere om-sorgsfællesskaber med mere diverse meningssammenhænge.
NøgleordMotivation, æstetik, objektivitet, postpsykologi, humaniora, reartikulation
De værdigt trængende
Authors: Munk Crisstina , Marschall Anja
Published: October 2023

Denne artikel handler om pædagogers samarbejde med familier i vanskeligheder og viser, hvordan samarbejdet er forankret i en social praksis, der vanskeliggør pæda-gogers bestræbelser på at drage omsorg og samtidig være tidlig opsporende af mulige problemstillinger i børn og forældres liv. Gennem artiklen undersøger vi, hvordan samarbejdet mellem pædagoger og forældre både er sammenhængende med det pæ-dagogiske arbejdes betingelser såvel som betingelserne for familiernes livsførelse. Fælles for artiklens to empiriske eksempler er, at deres familielivsførelse er i vanske-ligheder. Vanskelighederne i familiernes hverdagsliv mødes imidlertid meget forskel-ligt af pædagogerne, hvilket ser ud til at være sammenhængende med, hvordan foræl-drene forstås som relevante samarbejdspartnere, og hvordan de formår at træde ind i samarbejdets sociale relation, hvor pædagoger agerer ’hjælpere’ for de ’værdigt trængende’ forældre (Bader, 1993). Artiklen bidrager med et perspektiv på, hvordan forældresamarbejdet handler om betingelser for at forbinde modsatrettede perspekti-ver og opgaver, så vanskeligheder i familiers hverdagsliv ikke bliver til individualise-rede problemstillinger.
Nøgleord:Omsorg, tidlig opsporing, udsathed, forældresamarbejde, livsførelse
Activism in translation: Yan Fu’s translational activism against foreign imperialism in
late Qing China
Authors: Wang Xiaorui
Published: October 2023

The concept of translational activism underscores the ways translation has
been used to promote social change. Translation and activism as an emerging area of interest
in Translation Studies have attracted growing scholarly attention. Nevertheless, few studies
have been conducted on activist translation in the context of China. This study examines
translational activism against foreign imperialism through a case study on Yan Fu, a pioneer
activist translator in late Qing China. Tymoczko’s concepts of resistance and
engagement are used as descriptive categories for the empirical analysis. The
appraisal framework is adopted as the analytical tool to address Yan Fu’s positioning and
activist intervention. It is found that Yan pursued two complementary forms of activism in
his translation: Yan demonstrates his resistance to foreign imperialism by criticising
foreign aggression and resisting imperial privileges; while Yan manifests his engagement by
disclosing the national crisis, inspiring patriotism and calling for action. As textual
intervention has received little attention in activist translation, the present study fills
this gap by examining the linguistic and textual manifestations of Yan’s activist
intervention. In addition to applying the new theoretical lens of activism to examine Yan’s
translation practice, the present study makes a theoretical contribution by adopting the
appraisal framework in the area of translation and activism.
Slovak poetry in English translation after the collapse of state socialism: Tracing the trajectories of internationalisation
Authors: Hostová Ivana
Published: October 2023

Moving literary texts from a peripheral language to a hyper-central one (Heilbron 1999) goes against the general flow of translations, and agents involved in this process play crucial roles in it. In this article, on the case of English translations of Slovak poetry, I set out to investigate how such processes work. My research starts with assembling a bibliography of English translations of Slovak poetry published in book form between 1989 and 2020. The list contains no fewer than 2,500 poems by 161 poets, translated by more than 50 translators. A few observations from the quantitative analysis I conducted help answer such questions as what kind of agents translate poetry in these projects, who gets translated and how likely it is that the volumes reach an international readership. Subsequently, I use tools from Bourdieu’s field theory and Latour’s actor-network theory (ANT) to trace actor-networks pertaining to those translation projects concerning the rendering of two chosen Slovak poets who hold different positions in the Slovak literary field—Mila Haugová (born in 1942) and Milan Richter (born in 1948).
Philosophical reminiscences in the work of the artist Mikhail Kapustin
Authors: Nekrasova-Karateeva Olga Leonidovna
Published: October 2023

The author examines the art history problem of the influence of philosophical trends on the art that is relevant to them on the example of the work of the St. Petersburg ceramic artist Mikhail Yuryevich Kapustin and his philosophical reflections revealed in the plastic search for impressive images. His worldview was formed in a whirlwind of contemporary philosophical trends, scientific and technological discoveries, new trends in culture and contemporary art. The article reveals the regular change of one philosophical direction to the next, often alternative, and how artists reacted to this in their work, finding new ideals and expanding expressive possibilities in the visual arts. The purpose of the article is an attempt to decipher the in-depth meanings of the artist's works. The subject of research is philosophical reminiscences in the author's sculptural and graphic works of the ceramic artist. The main themes of his artwork are Man, Earth, and Time. The study has a novelty, because its materials are original and are offered for publication for the first time. In domestic and foreign art criticism there was no scientific study of the work of M. Kapustin. The works of M. Kapustin are large-scale, peculiar ceramic (sculptural and graphic) compositions of epic imagery, represent a compressed formula of an idea in a tense volume of form. The logical chain of his creative process as a ceramic artist goes as follows: from the idea towards the artistic image, material, technology, and finally – work. The results and research methods in this article can be used in art criticism for contribution in writing monographic works about the work of other artists.
Microsurgical treatment of distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm: A single-center review
Authors: Jang Taehoon , Kim Sung-Tae , Lee Jin , Lee Won-Hee , Lee Keun-Soo , Pyo Se-Young , Ko Junghae , Lee Hangwoo , Jeong Yeong Gyun
Published: October 2023

Objective: To review the characteristics of distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm treated by microsurgery, the detailed surgical options, and the clinical result.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cerebral aneurysm in the M2 and M3 segments of the MCA surgically treated between January 2015 and December 2022. The demographic data, aneurysm-related findings, type of surgical approach, surgical technique, and clinical outcomes of the enrolled patients were analyzed.Results: Sixteen distal MCA aneurysms were treated with microneurosurgery (incidence, 1.0%; female, 12; mean age, 58.1 years; ruptured, three). Twelve aneurysms were in the M2 segment (insular segment), two aneurysms at the M2–M3 junction, and two aneurysms in the M3 segment (opercular segment). Twelve aneurysms were saccular (average size, 4.9 mm; multiplicity, 50%; average aneurysms, 3.0; partially thrombosed, 1; sidewall aneurysm, 2). Three aneurysms were fusiform, of which two were ruptured. Of the ruptured aneurysms, one was a ruptured dissecting aneurysm. The trans-sylvian and trans-sulcal approaches were used in fourteen and two patients, respectively. Neck clipping, wrap clipping, and surgical trapping were performed in twelve, one, and one patient, respectively. Proximal occlusion was performed in one patient. Bypass technique was required in two patients (neck clipping and proximal occlusion). The modified Rankin Score was 6 in the two patients with ruptured aneurysms. The remaining patients did not show further neurological deterioration after microneurosurgery.Conclusions: Distal MCA aneurysms had a high incidence of being diagnosed with multiple other aneurysms and were relatively non-saccular.
Structural foundation for the role of enterococcal PrgB in conjugation, biofilm formation and virulence
Authors: Sun Wei-Sheng , Lassinantti Lena , Järvå Michael , Schmitt Andreas , Beek Josy ter , Berntsson Ronnie P-A
Published: October 2023

Type 4 Secretion Systems are a main driver for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in bacteria. In Gram-positives, these secretion systems often rely on surface adhesins to enhance cellular aggregation and mating pair formation. One of the best studied adhesins is PrgB from the conjugative plasmid pCF10 of
Enterococcus faecalis,
which has been shown to play major roles in conjugation, biofilm formation and importantly also in bacterial virulence. Since
prgB
orthologs exist on a large number of conjugative plasmids in various different species, this makes PrgB a model protein for this widespread virulence factor. After characterizing the polymer adhesin domain of PrgB previously, we here report the structure for almost the entire remainder of PrgB, which reveals that PrgB contains four immunoglobulin-like domains. Based on this new insight, we re-evaluate previously studied variants and present new
in vivo
data where specific domains or conserved residues have been removed. For the first time, we can show a decoupling of cellular aggregation from biofilm formation and conjugation in
prgB
mutant phenotypes. Based on the presented data, we propose a new functional model to explain how PrgB mediates its different functions. We hypothesize that the Ig-like domains act as a rigid stalk that presents the polymer adhesin domain at the right distance from the cell wall.
Optogenetic activation of visual thalamus generates artificial visual percepts
Authors: Wang Jing , Azimi Hamid , Zhao Yilei , Kaeser Melanie , Vaca Sánchez Pilar , Vazquez-Guardado Abraham , Rogers John A , Harvey Michael , Rainer Gregor
Published: October 2023

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a retinotopic relay center where visual inputs from the retina are processed and relayed to the visual cortex, has been proposed as a potential target for artificial vision. At present, it is unknown whether optogenetic LGN stimulation is sufficient to elicit behaviorally relevant percepts, and the properties of LGN neural responses relevant for artificial vision have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that tree shrews pretrained on a visual detection task can detect optogenetic LGN activation using an AAV2-CamKIIα-ChR2 construct and readily generalize from visual to optogenetic detection. Simultaneous recordings of LGN spiking activity and primary visual cortex (V1) local field potentials (LFPs) during optogenetic LGN stimulation show that LGN neurons reliably follow optogenetic stimulation at frequencies up to 60 Hz and uncovered a striking phase locking between the V1 LFP and the evoked spiking activity in LGN. These phase relationships were maintained over a broad range of LGN stimulation frequencies, up to 80 Hz, with spike field coherence values favoring higher frequencies, indicating the ability to relay temporally precise information to V1 using light activation of the LGN. Finally, V1 LFP responses showed sensitivity values to LGN optogenetic activation that were similar to the animal’s behavioral performance. Taken together, our findings confirm the LGN as a potential target for visual prosthetics in a highly visual mammal closely related to primates.
Statistical learning shapes pain perception and prediction independently of external cues
Authors: Onysk Jakub , Gregory Nicholas , Whitefield Mia , Jain Maeghal , Turner Georgia , Seymour Ben , Mancini Flavia
Published: October 2023

The placebo and nocebo effects highlight the importance of expectations in modulating pain perception, but in everyday life we don’t need an external source of information to form expectations about pain. The brain can learn to predict pain in a more fundamental way, simply by experiencing fluctuating, non-random streams of noxious inputs, and extracting their temporal regularities. This process is called statistical learning. Here we address a key open question: does statistical learning modulate pain perception? We asked 27 participants to both rate and predict pain intensity levels in sequences of fluctuating heat pain. Using a computational approach, we show that probabilistic expectations and confidence were used to weight pain perception and prediction. As such, this study goes beyond well-established conditioning paradigms associating non-pain cues with pain outcomes, and shows that statistical learning itself shapes pain experience. This finding opens a new path of research into the brain mechanisms of pain regulation, with relevance to chronic pain where it may be dysfunctional.
Balance of Activity during a Critical Period Tunes a Developing Network
Authors: Hunter Iain , Coulson Bramwell , Pettini Tom , Davies Jacob J. , Parkin Jill , Landgraf Matthias , Baines Richard A.
Published: October 2023

Developing neural circuits are influenced by activity and are especially sensitive to changes in activity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Changes occurring during a CP often become ‘locked-in’ so that they affect the mature network. Indeed, several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to excessive activity during such periods. It is, therefore, important to identify those aspects of neural circuit development that are influenced by neural activity during a CP. In this study, we take advantage of the genetic tractability of
Drosophila
to show that activity perturbation during an embryonic CP permanently alters properties of the locomotor circuit. Specific changes we identify include increased synchronicity of motoneuron activity, and greater strengthening of excitatory over inhibitory synaptic drive to motoneurons. These changes are sufficient to reduce network robustness, evidenced by increased sensitivity to induced seizure. We also show that we can rescue these changes when increased activity is mitigated by inhibition provided by mechanosensory neurons. Similarly, we demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between inhibition experienced during the CP, and the extent to which it is possible to rescue the hyperexcitable phenotype characteristic of the

para
bss

mutation. This suggests that developing circuits must be exposed to a properly balanced sum of excitation and inhibition during the CP, to achieve normal mature network function. Our results, therefore, provide novel insight into how activity during a CP shapes specific elements of a circuit, and how activity during this period is integrated to tune neural circuits to the environment in which they will likely function.
Genome sequence analysis of Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) forensic samples reveals the presence of Paraburkholderia fungorum sequences
Authors: Tan Ka Yun , Deng Siwei , Tan Tze King , Hari Ranjeev , Sitam Frankie Thomas , Othman Rofina Yasmin , Wong Kum Thong , Mohidin Taznim Begam Mohd , Choo Siew Woh
Published: October 2023

Background

The Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) is a placental mammal and is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Most previous attempts to breed pangolins in captivity have met with little success because of dietary issues, infections, and other complications, although a previous study reported breeding pangolins in captivity to the third generation. In our previous pangolin genome sequencing data analysis, we obtained a considerable amount of bacterial DNA from a pregnant female Malayan pangolin (named “UM3”), which was likely infected by Paraburkholderia fungorum—an agent of biodegradation and bioremediation in agriculture.

Methodology

Here, we further confirmed and characterized this bacterial species using PCR, histological staining, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics approaches. PCR assays with in-house designed primer sets and 16S universal primers showed clear positive bands in the cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, and blood of UM3 suggesting that UM3 might have developed septicaemia. Histological staining showed the presence of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the pangolin brain and lungs, indicating the colonization of the bacteria in these two organs. In addition, PCR screening of UM3’s fetal tissues revealed the presence of P. fungorum in the gastrocnemius muscle, but not in other tissues that we examined. We also sequenced and reconstructed the genome of pangolin P. fungorum, which has a genome size of 7.7 Mbps.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to present detailed evidence of the presence of P. fungorum in a pangolin and her fetus (although preliminary results were presented in our previous article). Here, we raise the concern that P. fungorum may potentially infect humans, especially YOPI (young, old, pregnant, and immunocompromised) people. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using this bacterial species as biodegradation or bioremediation agents in agriculture.
Food and light availability induce plastic responses in fire salamander larvae from contrasting environments
Authors: Băncilă Raluca Ioana , Stănescu Florina , Plăiaşu Rodica , Nae Ioana , Székely Diana , Vlad Sabina E. , Cogălniceanu Dan
Published: October 2023

Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism facilitating the colonisation and adaptation to novel environments, such as caves. However, phenotypic plasticity in subterranean environments remains largely unexplored. Here, we test for plasticity in growth and development of fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra) from subterranean and surface habitats, in response to contrasting food availability and light conditions. We hypothesized that: (i) low food availability and absence of light decrease larval growth and delay metamorphosis, (ii) light conditions mediate the effects of food availability on growth and time to metamorphosis, and (iii) larval response to contrasting light and food conditions is shaped by the habitat of origin. Our study showed that reduced food availability significantly delayed metamorphosis and slowed total length and body mass growth rates, while exposure to constant darkness slowed body mass growth rate. However, larvae slowed growth rates and increased time to metamorphosis without compromising size at metamorphosis. The effect of food availability on growth and time to metamorphosis did not change under different light conditions. Fire salamanders from subterranean and surface habitats responded differently only in relation to contrasting food availability conditions. Specifically, larvae from the surface habitat grew faster in high food conditions, while growth in larvae from the subterranean habitat was not influenced by food availability. Initial size also appeared to be an influential factor, since larger and heavier larvae grew slower, metamorphosed faster, and the size advantage was maintained in newly-metamorphosed juveniles. Overall, the results of our experiment suggest that plasticity and local adaptation favor the exploitation of aquatic subterranean habitats for breeding by fire salamanders, allowing successful development even under food shortage and day-length constraints, without compromising metamorphic size. Our findings have implications for conservation because they confirm that phenotypic plasticity plays a critical role in allowing fire salamanders to overcome altered environmental conditions.
Diversity and structure of the root-associated bacterial microbiomes of four mangrove tree species, revealed by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Sui Jinlei , He Xiaowen , Yi Guohui , Zhou Limin , Liu Shunqing , Chen Qianqian , Xiao Xiaohu , Wu Jinyan
Published: October 2023

Background

Root-associated microbes of the mangrove trees play important roles in protecting and maintaining mangrove ecosystems. At present, most of our understanding of mangrove root-related microbial diversity is obtained from specific mangrove species in selected geographic regions. Relatively little is known about the composition of the bacterial microbiota existing in disparate mangrove species microenvironments, particularly the relationship among different mangrove species in tropical environments.

Methods

We collected the root, rhizosphere soil, and non-rhizosphere soil of four mangrove trees (Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Clerodendrum inerme, and Lumnitzera racemosa) and detected the 16S rRNA gene by a conventional PCR. We performed high throughput sequencing using Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform (2 × 250 paired ends) to investigate the bacterial communities related with the different mangrove species.

Results

We analyzed the bacterial diversity and composition related to the diverse ecological niches of mangrove species. Our data confirmed distinct distribution patterns of bacterial communities in the three rhizocompartments of the four mangrove species. Microbiome composition varied with compartments and host mangrove species. The bacterial communities between the endosphere and the other two compartments were distinctly diverse independent of mangrove species. The large degree of overlap in critical community members of the same rhizocompartment across distinct mangrove species was found at the phylum level. Furthermore, this is the first report of Acidothermus found in mangrove environments. In conclusion, understanding the complicated host-microbe associations in different mangrove species could lay the foundation for the exploitation of the microbial resource and the production of secondary metabolites.
SaPt-CNN-LSTM-AR-EA: a hybrid ensemble learning framework for time series-based multivariate DNA sequence prediction
Authors: Yan Wu , Tan Li , Meng-Shan Li , Sheng Sheng , Jun Wang , Fu-an Wu
Published: October 2023

Biological sequence data mining is hot spot in bioinformatics. A biological sequence can be regarded as a set of characters. Time series is similar to biological sequences in terms of both representation and mechanism. Therefore, in the article, biological sequences are represented with time series to obtain biological time sequence (BTS). Hybrid ensemble learning framework (SaPt-CNN-LSTM-AR-EA) for BTS is proposed. Single-sequence and multi-sequence models are respectively constructed with self-adaption pre-training one-dimensional convolutional recurrent neural network and autoregressive fractional integrated moving average fused evolutionary algorithm. In DNA sequence experiments with six viruses, SaPt-CNN-LSTM-AR-EA realized the good overall prediction performance and the prediction accuracy and correlation respectively reached 1.7073 and 0.9186. SaPt-CNN-LSTM-AR-EA was compared with other five benchmark models so as to verify its effectiveness and stability. SaPt-CNN-LSTM-AR-EA increased the average accuracy by about 30%. The framework proposed in this article is significant in biology, biomedicine, and computer science, and can be widely applied in sequence splicing, computational biology, bioinformation, and other fields.
Estudo da aplicação de algoritmos de machine learning na manutenção preditiva de motores elétricos
Authors: Pereira Junior Milton Carlos Soares , Araújo Marcio Luis Valença , De Oliveira Everlin Assis Rosas , Guimarães Vinicios Barbosa , Saba Hugo , Jorge Eduardo Manuel de Freitas , Nascimento Filho Aloísio Santos , Ferreira Joacir Simões
Published: October 2023

Os motores de indução estão extremamente difundidos no setor industrial, estando presentes nos mais diversos equipamentos, exercendo importantes funções para os processos produtivos. E assim como qualquer outra máquina, essa está sujeita a falhas, o que pode ocasionar na parada da linha de produção, gerando prejuízos para a empresa, além de ser um risco em potencial para aqueles que operam o equipamento. Visando evitar tal situação, a manutenção por condição, também conhecida como manutenção preditiva, vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço no setor de manutenção industrial, já que essa tem como objetivo identificar a falha antes que ela ocorra. Aliada a essa metodologia, estão presentes poderosos algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, que são capazes de identificar e classificar com alta precisão o estado do equipamento, e a depender do caso, a gravidade do defeito presente. Diante disso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo, fazer uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema, trazendo dessa forma, conceitos importantes, além de expor os principais defeitos em motores elétricos e os principais algoritmos que estão sendo aplicados na resolução do problema.
Maturidade em gestão do conhecimento no Poder Legislativo Municipal
Authors: Perelles Priscila , Da Silva Marcelo Rodrigues , Vicentin Ivan Carlos
Published: October 2023

A sociedade atual fundamenta-se na informação e conhecimento, sendo assim, a gestão do conhecimento ganhou relevância para os governos e a administração pública. O poder legislativo municipal pode utilizar a gestão do conhecimento como ferramenta para desenvolver competências e gerar recursos de capital humano e agregar valor aos resultados oferecidos à sociedade. O objetivo é analisar o grau de maturidade em gestão do conhecimento no Poder Legislativo Municipal no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi um survey por meio de questionário enviado para as 77 câmaras municipais que compuseram a seleção obtendo-se 28 respostas válidas de gestores. Os resultados demonstraram que a gestão do conhecimento nas câmaras municipais se encontra em estágios de iniciação e expansão, sendo que em nenhuma das câmaras municipais pesquisadas foi identificado o grau de maturidade plena, porém, verificou-se que existe a percepção da importância da temática e há campo fértil à implementação de sistemas de gestão do conhecimento no poder legislativo municipal. A conclusão reitera o valor intangível e estratégico do conhecimento no poder legislativo e o papel das escolas do legislativo enquanto práticas de gestão do conhecimento.
Women empowerment through political participation – a perception study of Indian rural women
Authors: Sultana Nazma , Awal Abdul , Karim Mohammad Rezaul
Published: October 2023

The present study was intended to study the perception of rural women of Dinhata Subdivision on the empowerment of women through political participation. The study was conducted in Dinhata Sub-Division of Coochbehar District, India. The qualitative study is phenomenological in nature. The sample was purposive and qualitative data were collected through semi structured interview of rural women from study area. After deductive coding as per predetermined themes, data were analysed thematically. The study found that the perception of rural women on the empowerment of women through political participation is widely divided. Though most of the rural women (47%) perceive that women should participate in active politics for women empowerment, 29% of them perceive it negatively whereas 24% of them have no ideas of women empowerment through political participation. However, 67 % of rural women are keen to participate in active politics. They also opine that male members of the family will have no objection if they participate in politics actively. Further, they also perceive some challenges in case they are engaged in active politics, like accomplishing the household chores and looking after kids as these are solely women’s jobs by tradition and culture in rural India.
Analysis of the relationship between personality traits and mental training in athletes
Authors: Acar Eyüp
Published: October 2023

Mental training has become a frequently used training method to ensure optimum performance of athletes in the preparation stages before, during and after the competition. Athletes can use different techniques to ensure motivation and concentration. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between personality traits and mental training techniques in athletes. The study group consists of total= 321 athletes, women=106 and men = 215, who are active in individual and team sports. In the study, data collection tools were used with the personal information form containing demographic information prepared by the researcher and the "The Sport Mental Training Questionnaire (SMTQ)" developed by Behnke et al., (2017) and adapted to Turkish culture by Yarayan and İlhan (2018). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, positive and significant relationships were found between personality traits and mental training dimensions, and personality traits and mental training dimensions are closely related.
O fenômeno das empresas unicórnios brasileiras por Bock e Hackober
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Costa , Ribas Carlos Alberto , Dos Santos Bruno Samways , Fouto Nuno Manoel Martins Dias
Published: October 2023

Os investimentos passaram a ser distribuídos para desenvolver tecnologias disruptivas e, com isso foi possível visualizar um crescimento rápido e exponencial de empresas tecnológicas, surgindo o fenômeno das empresas unicórnios. Neste sentido, por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o surgimento desse fenômeno, mapeando e descrevendo o ecossistema dos unicórnios brasileiros. Posteriormente, a pesquisa analisou e comparou as 11 startups brasileiras consideradas “unicórnios” até 2021 com as hipóteses que favorecem o surgimento de novos unicórnios levantadas por Bock e Hackober (2020). Das quatro hipóteses identificadas pelos autores, três foram aprofundadas nessa pesquisa: agrupamentos de inovação, investimentos de Corporate Venture Capital e estratégias de crescimento inorgânico. Deste modo, foi possível concluir que no Brasil, nos últimos dois anos, houve um aumento de 550%, em quantidade, e 769% em valor das empresas unicórnios. Em relação às hipóteses de Bock e Hackober, das 11 empresas estudadas, apenas uma não se encaixou em nenhuma das três.
Capacidade de pagamento dos precatórios públicos: um estudo com método de previsão auto-regressivo
Authors: Flach Leonardo , Da Roza Maristela Menna Costa
Published: October 2023

No Brasil, os Precatórios têm sido alvo de muitos debates em questões jurídicas contra as Fazendas Públicas, e há demandas por estudos científicos para auxílio à Contabilidade Pública, principalmente relativa ao cumprimento da nova Emenda Constitucional (EC) 109/2021. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo aplicar um modelo de previsão autorregressivo para análise da capacidade de pagamento dos Precatórios Devidos pela FPM-RS. O método científico utilizado foi o modelo de série temporal autoregressive-moving-average ou modelo auto-regressivo de médias móveis, com uma amostra de dados de uma fazenda pública municipal do Rio Grande do Sul (FPM-RS). A coleta e posterior análise dos dados envolveu as seguintes etapas: análise dos dados jurídicos de 1988 a 2021 e dos dados contábeis de 2010 a 2020. Os resultados permitiram gerar um modelo com uma projeção até o ano de 2029 e também demonstraram que, na abordagem jurídica, o crescimento do estoque de precatórios devidos são em grande quantidade de natureza Alimentar (Licença Prêmio e Piso Salarial); na abordagem contábil, os pagamentos de Precatórios resultaram em mais de R$ 86 milhões, confrontados nas análises sobre a Receita Corrente Líquida (RCL), Dívida Consolidada Líquida (DCL) e Encargos com Precatórios. A partir do modelo estatístico de Médias Móveis Auto Regressiva, a linha de tendência demonstrou crescimento para a RCL. Os dados demonstram que será possível cumprir os pagamentos das parcelas mensais de 3,5% sobre a RCL, e concluir a quitação dos atuais Precatórios Devidos, até dezembro de 2029, seguindo a premissa da EC 109/21. A presente pesquisa teve como limitador a investigação sobre os Precatórios Alimentícios da FPM-RS, restando como oportunidade para novos estudos a ampliação das análises sobre Precatórios Não Alimentícios e RPVs.
Relationship between 3D surface roughness parameters and load capacity of adhesive joints after shot peening
Authors:   Wydział Budowy Maszyn i Lotnictwa Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, Katedra Technologii Maszyn i Inżynierii Produkcji, al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Polska, Zielecki Władysław , Świrad Sławomir , Ozga Ewelina
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article was to investigate whether 3D roughness parameters can be used to assess the strengthening treatment and to predict the load capacity of lap adhesive joints subjected to shot peening. The analyzes were carried out for single-lap adhesive joints made of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy, whose overlaps were shot peened for 60 to 180 s using balls with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm with a compressed air pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. As a result of the regression and correlation analysis, it was found that within the adopted range of input parameters variability, the load capacity of adhesive joints subjected to shot peening is most closely related to the roughness parameter Sdr. It has been shown that increasing the value of the Sdr parameter contributes to increasing the load capacity of adhesive joints. A mathematical model describing the impact of treatment time, balls diameter and compressed air pressure on the value of the Sdr parameter was also built. The model was built in accordance with the the Hartley's PS/DS-P:Ha3 plan methodology. The obtained results allow to conclude that the Sdr parameter can be used to predict the load capacity of adhesive joints after shot peening and to assess the strengthening treatment (within the assumed range of input parameters variability). Additionaly, the simplicity and low cost of roughness measurements justify the use of this method in industrial purposes.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Dioxide, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene Concentrations in the Urban Environment of Meknes City, Morocco
Authors: El-Ghazi Ibrahim , El-Hassani Yousra Ameziane , Laziri Fatiha , El-Jaafari Samir
Published: October 2023

The present study focuses on the monitoring and the evaluation of air quality in the city of Meknes, based on the tracers of pollution of proximity cars (NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene). In the absence of a telemetric station and a mobile laboratory within the city, passive diffusion tubes, analyzed offline in the laboratory after exposure, were the most plausible solution. The low cost, ease of implementation of the technique, and the possibility of covering a large geographic area with many samplers all argue for adopting this approach.

The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and counting sessions under a geographical information system allowed us to determine the most affected areas by automobile pollution and to carry out cartography at a large scale of spatial resolution of the prospected pollutants.

The deployment of passive sensors at 14 measurement sites revealed the existence of spatio-temporal variability of the pollutants studied. This variability is due to the climatic conditions that prevailed during the measurement campaigns, notably wind and precipitation, the photochemical nature of the said markers, the proximity to the emission sources, the type of measurement site, and the topography and road infrastructure.

The approach developed could be used as a decision-making tool for the competent authorities in this field and adapted for monitoring other types of pollutants (pesticides, tracers generated by industrial units, furan dioxins, etc.).