bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Celebrity Credibility on Brand Community Commitment towards Disaster Management Programs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dissanayake Ravindra
Published: October 2018

Celebrities act as a credible communication source for many marketing and community-related communications. Community commitment for brands has been researched across the countries. Commitment of communities is an important matter for brands to meet desired responses within community-based brand building programs. Community commitment within disaster management is one of the national level priorities in many countries including emerging economies in Asia. Celebrities are used as a credible source to educate and motivate communities to get aware or actively participate in disaster management activities. This paper employed a quantitative survey method aiming the communities who actively engaged with disaster management programs sponsored or endorsed by celebrities in Sri Lanka, a country extendedly applies community-based disaster management strategies. Hypotheses were formed on how celebrity credibility influences brand community commitment to engage with disaster management activities whilst mediating effect of brand community trust is also hypothesized. A size of 230 sample was contacted for the survey. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was executed testing the hypotheses by using AMOS 20 software. Results verified celebrity credibility influences brand community commitment. Analysis proved brand commitment trust acts as a mediator on the effect made by celebrity credibility on brand community commitment within disaster management programs.
Pedagogical Values of Olympic Education
Authors: Mika Magdalena
Published: October 2018

Olympic education is currently perceived as one of the most eff ective forms of upbringing, which is why it should
be included in modern pedagogy. It is important because of the values of Olympism and education through sport.
When speaking of Olympic education, its origins and precursor should be studied as well. It is worth knowing that
it was Pierre de Coubertin’s philosophical and pedagogical concept that played the key role in the development of
Olympic education in the world. The values of Olympism, including equality, fraternity, collaboration, friendship, respect,
solidarity and striving for excellence are now commonly accepted. The timeless and universal nature of those
values, the generally accepted fair play rule that is important not only in sport, but also in everyday life, looking
at sport through the prism of social and human values, as well as the common global recognition of the Olympic
Games, all may contribute to Olympic education becoming a marvel of modern education.
The recurrence syndrome: A case study of the repeatability of political developments
during the Olympic Games .
Authors: Rozmiarek Mateusz
Published: October 2018

The article examines instances of the impact of international relations and politics on the Olympic movement and
sport in view of the so-called Syndrome of the 25-year Recurrence. The recurrence of developments directly related
to multilateral politics can be observable since the organization of the fi rst Olympic Games of the modern era
in 1896. Although the degree of relations between the Olympics and international politics has varied and depended
on specifi c circumstances, politics has tended to overshadow the Olympic spectacle and aspired to be the key
component of the Games, roughly every twenty years. The author argues, on the basis of numerous examples, that the Olympic Games in the years 1896, 1916, 1936, 1956, 1976 and 1996 were dominated by political developments.
The American YMCA and its physical education program – first steps to world expansion
Authors: Tlustý Tomáš
Published: October 2018

This paper looks at the fi rst steps taken by the American YMCA to expand its physical education program across
various countries in South and Central America, Asia and Europe. The YMCA was established in 1844 in London.
However, it particularly fl ourished in the United States of America, building large physical education facilities,
setting up its fi rst physical education institute and developing new sports. Their schools were attended by people
from all over the world, who went on to promote the organisation’s physical education program. Due to
cooperation with the US army, the organisation saw further expansion and its secretaries began to operate in
other countries. They were instrumental in establishing the fi rst local YMCA groups, often provided with material
and fi nancial support by the United States. Local groups began to build their own physical education facilities
and adopt new “American” sports. Elwood S. Brown was a pioneer in the promotion of the American YMCA’s
physical education program. He worked for the organisation on several continents, signifi cantly assisting the
organisation of big sporting events which were always attended by sportsmen from several countries. Unfortunately,many of the national YMCA groups were later paralysed by the Second World War. Despite that, theYMCA has become the largest voluntary youth organisation in the world.
Recreation Physical Activity in Popular TV Soap
Operas
Authors: Rymarczyk Piotr
Published: October 2018

The paper presents results of the study concerning patterns of participation in recreational physical activity in popular
soap operas. The analysed material are the season 2014/2015 episodes of three soaps: „M jak miłość”, „Na dobre
i na złe” and „Barwy szczęścia”. The applied research methods are quantitative and qualitative content analysis.
The author wanted to answer the following questions:
1/ Do the researched serials encourage overcoming cultural stereotypes constituting barriers to participation in
physical culture, or do they act in the opposite way?
2/ Do their content refl ects a late modern shift from the effi ciency-oriented and the ascetic pattern of somatic culture
to the hedonistic and the aesthetic one?
The conducted study proves that the analysed serials manifest a conservative attitude regarding the issue of sports
participation of various social groups and categories. Males are shown in situations connected with recreational
physical activity more often (94 cases) than females (74 cases) and the latter do not take up activities which are stereotypically
recognized as masculine. Reproduction of conservative stereotypes takes also place regarding the age
of physically active persons – in the analysed material there are only 4 cases of elderly persons’ sports activity (in
comparison e.g. with 54 cases of young adults’ activity).
Taking into account the second research question, the conducted analysis confi rms the supposition about the
dominant role of the hedonistic and the aesthetic pattern of somatic culture, since they are referred to in almost two third (17 from 27) of justifi cations of recreational physical activity which appear in the analysed material.
Strategy of managing a project of organising a mass sports event
Authors: Witkowski Kazimierz Witkowski , Kosa Jerzy , Piepiora Paweł
Published: October 2018

Background and aim: Organisation of mass sports events is one of the functions of contemporary physical culture
and, at the same time, a dynamically developing service, provided by both public and private institutions. Organising
such an event requires a professional project-based approach, i.e. the conceptual preparation of activities related
to its preparation, conduct and summing up. The aim of this study is to present project activities related to
the organisation of a mass sports event, such as a marathon race, using the example of the 6th ‘Wrocław Marathon’.
Material and methods: The subject matter of this study is an analysis of the system of project activities related to
the organisation of mass sports events. Use was made for this purpose of the modern scientifi c discipline of project
management and the following methods were applied: literature analysis, source documentation analysis and
studies of 6 ‘Wrocław Marathon’ cases.
Results: The following organisational phases of the ‘Wrocław Marathon’ were analysed in detail: event planning and
preparation; implementation; controlling.
Conclusions: Project management is a deliberate measure in the organisation of a mass event, such as the ‘Wrocław Marathon’ – development of a reference model of such an event.
Cedrela odorata L. TEM POTENCIAL PARA SER UTILIZADA NA SILVICULTURA PÓS-COLHEITA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA?
Authors: Vieira Sabrina Benmuyal , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de , Gomes Jaqueline Macedo , Silva Joice Carolina Fernandes da , Ruschel Ademir Roberto
Published: October 2018

Avaliou-se o desempenho de mudas de Cedrela odorata L. (cedro), plantadas em clareiras causadas pela exploração florestal de impacto reduzido, no município de Paragominas, no Estado do Pará. Analisou-se a sobrevivência e o crescimento das mudas para estudar a possibilidade de utilizá-las em enriquecimento de clareiras, na Amazônia brasileira. Em 200 ha foram selecionadas 400 clareiras, divididas em três classes de tamanho: pequenas (200–400 m²), médias (401–600 m²) e grandes (> 600 m²). Em 236 dessas 400 clareiras foram plantadas 470 mudas de cedro, em 2005, quando também foi realizada a primeira avaliação da sobrevivência e do crescimento das mudas. Outras avaliações foram realizadas em 2006, 2008 e 2010. Constataram-se, após os cinco anos de monitoramento, altas taxas de sobrevivência, em torno de 81,8%, e de crescimento com média de 70,0 cm em altura e 0,23 cm em diâmetro. Portanto, pode-se inferir que Cedrela odorata se adapta a ambientes de clareiras e poderá ser indicada para plantios de enriquecimento de florestas após a colheita da madeira. Há a necessidade de continuar o monitoramento.
GERMINAÇÃO E BIOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C.
Authors: Pereira Marcio Dias , Romeiro Taline Cristina Oliveira da Silva , Flores Andressa Vasconcelos , Severiano Rogério Luciano
Published: October 2018

A algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C.) é uma espécie exótica cujas folhas têm grande potencial para utilização na alimentação humana e animal, sendo altamente nutritivas, além de ser considerada eficiente na recuperação de áreas degradadas e solos empobrecidos. Apesar da procura crescente por sementes e mudas desta espécie, pouco se conhece sobre a qualidade fisiológica de suas sementes. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a biometria de frutos e sementes da espécie, além de determinar as temperaturas e substratos para a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas. Foi determinada a quantidade de sementes por quilograma e o teor de água das sementes. Analisou-se o comprimento, o diâmetro, o peso, e o número de sementes em cada fruto e a espessura, a largura, o comprimento e o peso das sementes. No teste de germinação foram utilizadas três temperaturas (20, 30 e 20-30°C) sob o regime de 14 horas de luz branca e dois substratos (sobre papel e rolo de papel). Determinaram-se as curvas de embebição das sementes, a germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o comprimento da parte aérea, o comprimento da raiz e a massa seca das plântulas. Os dados biométricos indicam ampla variabilidade para as características avaliadas para frutos, entretanto, as sementes apresentam menor variabilidade. As temperaturas de 30 e 20-30°C e ambos os substratos testados são eficientes para a condução do teste de germinação de sementes de algaroba em laboratório.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS DIFERENTES TIPOLOGIAS DE FLORESTA URBANA NO MICROCLIMA DO ENTORNO IMEDIATO
Authors: Martini Angeline , Biondi Daniela , Batista Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2018

A floresta urbana gera um microclima mais agradável para o ser humano, tanto no seu interior como nas áreas externas próximas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a influência que as diferentes tipologias de floresta urbana exercem no seu entorno imediato, destacando quantitativamente as diferenças entre o microclima interno e externo a essas áreas. Para isso foram selecionadas diferentes formas de floresta urbana na cidade de Curitiba-PR: Remanescente Florestal, Área Verde Antiga, Área Verde Moderna, Arborização de Ruas e Árvore Isolada. A influência no entorno imediato foi analisada com o método de transectos móveis, percorrendo 500 m de distância de em uma rua adjacente à área selecionada, com coleta de dados a cada 50 m. Os resultados indicam diferenças estatísticas significativas entre o microclima interno e externo às tipologias de floresta urbana. Ao longo do transecto percorrido, a temperatura foi em média 2,3°C mais elevada do que no interior das tipologias de floresta urbana, a umidade relativa foi menor em 4,6 unidades e a velocidade do vento 0,2 m/s maior. A maior diferença de temperatura e umidade relativa entre o ambiente interno e externo foi encontrada no Remanescente Florestal e a menor na Arborização de Ruas. Conclui-se que as diferentes tipologias de floresta urbana exercem influência significativa no microclima do entorno imediato.
DAMAGE TO REMAINING TREES BY FOUR SYSTEMS OF MECHANIZED HARVEST IN COMMERCIAL THINNING OF Pinus radiata
Authors: Acuña Eduardo , Sanfuentes Eugenio , Cancino Jorge , Mena Pablo
Published: October 2018

The effect of four harvesting systems for thinning tasks (harvester-forwarder, chainsaw-skidder, chainsaw-three-wheeled loader and chainsaw-yarder) was evaluated on percentage of damaged trees and damage surface. Additionally, the effect of the logging system and the season of the operation (winter and summer) on the incidence of damage and surface of the injuries, and their relation with tree diameter, was also analyzed. Of the four logging systems studied, those carried out with chainsaw-yarder and harvester-forwarder originated the greater incidence of damage with 34.5% and 32.2%, respectively, also producing the greatest injuries with 349.7 and 427.2 cm2, respectively, by individual tree. The season in which the operations were conducted is a factor that significantly affected on the increase of the number of trees with some sort of damage, with an average incidence of 27.1% in winter and 10.1% in summer. In addition, tree extraction with forwarder and yarder has a high potential for residual stand damage, and the stand structure was not affected by mechanized thinning, because there were damages in all sizes of remaining trees.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESGALHADOR FLORESTAL DE DISCOS EM FUNÇÃO DO TEMPO DE ESTOCAGEM DA MADEIRA EM CAMPO
Authors: Tonin Rodrigo Petrongari , Miyajima Ricardo Hideaki , Passos José Raimundo de Souza , Fenner Paulo Torres
Published: October 2018

Com as inovações da colheita mecanizada no Brasil, tornam-se indispensáveis estudos para obtenção de dados reais sobre as novas máquinas que estão surgindo no mercado. O estudo objetivou a avaliação técnica e de custos de um desgalhador florestal de discos em árvores com diferentes tempos de estocagem em campo, e verificar possíveis correlações entre umidade da madeira, produtividade e custo de produção. Para a análise técnica foi realizado um estudo de tempos e movimentos pelo método de cronometragem de tempos contínuos e para a análise de custos, calcularam-se os custos operacionais através do método proposto pela ASABE. Aproximadamente, aos 40 dias em campo, as árvores atingiram a umidade de equilíbrio, o teor de umidade da não demonstrou possuir correlação com o rendimento da máquina, que foi na média 643,34 m³/h, e nem com o custo de produção, sendo, o custo operacional de R$ 180,04/hora, e o custo de produção médio R$ 0,28/m³.
VARIAÇÃO DOS MÓDULOS DE ELASTICIDADE E RUPTURA EM MADEIRA DE CEDRO-AUSTRALIANO POR MEIO DE ENSAIOS NÃO DESTRUTIVO E DESTRUTIVO
Authors: Segundinho Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara , Regazzi Adair José , Poletti Franco Simões , Paula Marcos Oliveira de , Mendonça Adriano Ribeiro de , Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes
Published: October 2018

O módulo de elasticidade é uma propriedade mecânica importante no dimensionamento de projetos de estruturas de madeira, logo, a obtenção por meio de diversos métodos necessita ser analisada. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de técnicas não destrutiva e destrutiva para determinar o módulo de elasticidade longitudinal aparente, levando em conta a relação vão/altura (L/h), e verificar a influência do cisalhamento no módulo de elasticidade, por meio da comparação de ensaios não destrutivos com ensaios de flexão estática. A madeira utilizada no trabalho foi de Toona ciliata M. Roemer (cedro-australiano). Os ensaios não destrutivos foram realizados por meio das técnicas de vibração transversal livre e longitudinal. Concluiu-se que o ensaio de vibração longitudinal é o método mais adequado para obtenção do módulo de elasticidade longitudinal aparente (MOEa,l), pois os esforços cortantes que ocorrem devido às tensões de cisalhamento não influenciaram significativamente na obtenção do (MOEa,l), considerando a variação da relação L/h. Também foi possível concluir que, a relação L/h, atualmente igual a 21 na ABNT NBR 7190 (1997), pode ser reduzida para 20, quando da determinação dos módulos de elasticidade longitudinal aparente e módulo de ruptura por meio do ensaio de flexão estática e vibração transversal livre.
Uma proposta para evitar a poluição por lixo e esgoto doméstico
Authors: Maciel Filho Carlos L.
Published: October 2018

Solid waste, fecal sewer or used water cause pollution if they will not be managed rightly or infiltrated in the soil. This management sometimes is not technically and economically possible. To resolve this problem, one experience to treat used waters, fecal sewers and biodegradeable solid wastes of a house was developed. This treatment unit is composed basically by aerated filter and biodigester with accessories to nutrition and cleaning. The final products are filtrated and aerated water, combustible gas and fertilizer.
Fisiologia da nutrição mineral de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivada em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
Authors: Souza Victor Hugo da Silva e
Published: October 2018

The "stevia" a native plant from Paraguay and southwest of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is being cultivated for the first time in São Paulo. In Santa Maria. Rio Grande do Sul. its culture has increased through sowing and cuttings. The principal objetive of the work was to study of ecophysiology of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, the accumulation of dry matter, absorption and distribution of mineral nutrients in the grawth and development of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultived in Santa Maria.
Estudos potenciométricos da adsorção de álcoois insaturados sobre o eletrodo de cobre em meio H2SO4 diluído
Authors: Gonçalves Reinaldo Simões , Chagas Luciano Valmir das
Published: October 2018

Potentiometric studies show the interaction between the copper surface electrode and propanol alcohol (H3C-CH2-CH2OH), allyl alcohol (H2C=CH-CH2OH) and propargyl alcohol (HC≡C-CH2OH). From them, only allyl alcohol and propargyl alcohol change the value of the electrode potentials, when the organic compounds are added to the solutions. The potential shifts suggest a strong interaction, with a chemical and stable adsorption of the alcohols on the surfasse electrode. The electrode potentials change quickly in the presence of the alcohols and depend on the concentration that is added. The adsorption of the alcohols independs on the acid concentration of the solution but it depends on the dissolved oxygen concentration. The shifts of the electrode potentials are lower in aerated solutions than in deaerated solutions, with both alcohols. The potential-time curves at 65ºC shown that allyl alcohol adsorption is weaker at high temperatures. However, the propargyl alcohol adsorption independs on the temperature of the solutions.
Efeito potencializador do Cymbopogon citratus-Stapf sobre a ação da acetilcolina na contratilidade de músculo liso
Authors: Külzer Ana Maria , Silva Amauri Rodrigues da , Tabarelli Zuleica
Published: October 2018

Authors searched actions of Cymbopogon citratus-Stapf aquous extract, 2% concentration, on montility of smooth muscle. It were performed 10 (ten) experiments, each of them consisted of the motility record of a segment of duodenum from male Wistar rats maintained in a Tyrode solution water-bath to isolated organ. Physiological parameters (temperature, pH, oxigen supply) were controled to obtain the functional nature of organ motility. It were realized three records to each experiment in this sequency:           First record: control record (standard) from motility of duodenum smooth muscle in Tyrode bath.           Second record: after addition of 0,5 ml physiological solution before the third record, the bath liquid was entirely substituted and the organ was washed tith Tyrode solution.            Third record: after 15 (fifteen) minutes from the addition of Cymbopogon citratus-Stapf tea 2% concentration, it was add 0,5ml acetylcholine solution (11,8165 Mg in 50 ml physiological solution).It was verified that it shows a significant difference between 2nd and third record groups compared whit control records (first record groups) on smooth muscle motility of isolated duodenum from Wistar male rats.
Efeito do extrato aquoso bruto de Polygonum acre H.B.K. sobre a musculatura lisa e correlação com sua composição química
Authors: Bortoluzzi Augusto Vilson , Bortoluzzi Marilia Apple de M. , Chagas Ana Maria , Sityá Janice , Padoim Licério Vicente
Published: October 2018

Polygonum acre H.B.K. perennial native plant from humid and swampy places, very abundant in Brazil, is used in popular medicine as antihemorrhagic and as expectorant. The authors objective were to study the 20% crude aqueous extract of the vegetable leaves on smooth muscle using rats uterus in oestrus (stilboestrol) and to verify the correlaction of this effect with the chemical composition. For this purpose, we used rats uterus preparation in Magnus bath with De Jalon's solution aerated. Those concentration were choosen from pilot experiences and were 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 ml (0,2 g/ml) of the crude aqueous extract of the P. acre H.B.K. and the adrenaline doses were 1,0 µg. The results showed that the contraction of the smooth muscle and the alteration of the frequence produced by the extract were not significant, this plant flavonoids, which could be responsable by the constriction effect on the smooth muscle, perhaps by one direct or indirect action. This suggests that the effect of the crude extract are possibly due to the indirect action.
Determinação da produção de madeira Acácia negra, Acacia Mearnsii de Wild
Authors: Schneider Paulo Renato , Oesten Gerard
Published: October 2018

The present research was undertaken with black wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. The objective was to determine wood yield with shell and without, bark estimated through an equation obtained by a production model, related to age, dominant height and basal area, expressed by the generic model: log V = b0 + bl.h02 + b2.LogG, were V was volume/hectare; G basal area per hectare; h0 the dominant height. This equation showed a high statistical precision. The independent variables, dominant height and basal area exolicated 97,8 and 85,2% of the yield variation with and without bar, respectively.
Documentation as a practice-led research tool for reflection on experiential knowledge
Authors: Mäkelä Maarit , Nimkulrat Nithikul
Published: October 2018

Practice-led research has been under debate for three decades. One of its major issues concerns how the researcher who is also the practitioner documents and reflects on her creative process in relation to a research topic. This article reviews and discusses documentation and reflection in practice-led research through three cases of doctoral dissertations that were completed at Aalto University in Finland. Through the cases the article examines the role the documentation and reflection of creative processes and products in these studies. In conclusion, documentation in the practice-led research context functions as conscious reflection on and in action. Any means of documentation, for example diary writing, photographing, or sketching, can serve as a mode of reflection.
Visual Ethnography as tool in exploring children's embodied making processes in preprimary education
Authors: Carlsen Kari
Published: October 2018

This article presents and discuss Visual Ethnography as Methodological approach to research on embodied making and learning in preprimary education. Children’s making processes with materials and tools are visible. What children learn in and through these processes is not necessary visible. The article reflect on how visual ethnography (Pink, 2007) contribute to uncover and understand ongoing learning processes through visual documented making situations. The empirical material referred to, includes children from one to six years old and staff in Norwegian kindergarten as participants. Ethnographic methods are frequently used in educational research. Rose (2007) discusses visual methods within different methodological approaches.

Preschools and Early Childhood Centers in Reggio Emilia, Italy (Giudici, Rinaldi, Krechevsky, 2001; Rinaldi, 2006; Vecchi, 2010) has developed various ways of documentation that focus on visual readable material. Norwegian kindergartens inspired by the educational experiences in Reggio Emilia aims to develop pedagogical documentation as didactic tool in daily educational processes, with visual presentations as central part. The article discusses how visual ethnography as method gives the opportunity to present research findings also through visual representations, how these may give another insight in small children’s making than pure written text, and focus on ethical dilemmas concerning visual presentation. The connection between visual ethnography as research method and the presentation of research insights and findings, explore and visualize small children’s learning processes during embodied making with materials and tools, and contribute to research on children’s learning processes in preprimary education.

Key words: Visual ethnography, pictures, video, preprimary education, materials, embodied making and learning, Reggio Emilia atelier
Tegneundervisning og (poly)tekniske idealer
Authors: Sprovin Mathilde
Published: October 2018

Tegneskolen i Christiania ble opprettet i 1818. I undervisningen stod tegneopplæring sentralt. Fra oppstarten i 1818 var dette etter modell fra de europeiske kunstakademiene. Dette endret seg mot slutten av 1800-tallet, i takt med den teknologiske utviklingen i Europa som satte nye krav til tegnefaget. Idealene ble hentet fra École Polytechnique i Paris.
Genome-wide identification of new reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in CGMMV-infected Lagenaria siceraria
Authors: Zhang Chenhua , Zheng Hongying , Wu Xinyang , Xu Heng , Han Kelei , Peng Jiejun , Lu Yuwen , Lin Lin , Xu Pei , Wu Xiaohua , Li Guojing , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei
Published: October 2018

Lagenaria siceraria is an economically important cucurbitaceous crop, but suitable reference genes (RGs) to use when the plants are infected by cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) have not been determined. Sixteen candidate RGs of both leaf and fruit and 18 candidate RGs mostly from separate RNA-Seq datasets of bottle gourd leaf or fruit were screened and assessed by RT-qPCR. The expression stability of these genes was determined and ranked using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Comprehensive analysis resulted in the selection of LsCYP, LsH3, and LsTBP as the optimal RGs for bottle gourd leaves, and LsP4H, LsADP, and LsTBP for fruits. LsWD, LsGAPDH, and LsH3 were optimal for use in both leaves and fruits under the infection of CGMMV. Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase (DdRP) were used to validate the applicability of the most stable identified RGs from bottle gourd in response to CGMMV. All the candidate RGs performed in RT-qPCR consistently with the data from the transcriptome database. The results demonstrated that LsWD, LsGAPDH and LsH3 were the most suitable internal RGs for the leaf, and LsH3, LsGAPDH, LsP4H and LsCYP for the fruit.
A new tuskless walrus from the Miocene of Orange County, California, with comments on the diversity and taxonomy of odobenids
Authors: Magallanes Isaac , Parham James F. , Santos Gabriel-Philip , Velez-Juarbe Jorge
Published: October 2018

We describeTitanotaria orangensis(gen. et. sp. nov.), a new species of walrus (odobenid) from the upper Miocene Oso Member of the Capistrano Formation of Orange County, California. This species is important because: (1) It is one of the best-known and latest-surviving tuskless walruses; (2) It raises the number of reported odobenid taxa from the Oso Member to four species making it one of the richest walrus assemblages known (along with the basal Purisima of Northern California); (3) It is just the second record of a tuskless walrus from the same unit as a tusked taxon. Our phylogenetic analysis placesT. orangensisas sister to a clade that includesImagotaria downsi,Pontolis magnus,Dusignathusspp.,Gomphotaria pugnax, and Odobeninae. We propose new branch-based phylogenetic definitions for Odobenidae, Odobeninae, and a new node-based name (Neodobenia) for the clade that includesDusignathusspp.,G. pugnax, and Odobeninae. A richness analysis at the 0.1 Ma level that incorporates stratigraphic uncertainty and ghost lineages demonstrates maximum peaks of richness (up to eight or nine coeval lineages) near the base of Odobenidae, Neodobenia, and Odobenini. A more conservative minimum curve demonstrates that standing richness may have been much lower than the maximum lineage richness estimates that are biased by stratigraphic uncertainty. Overall the odobenid fossil record is uneven, with large time slices of the record missing on either side of the Pacific Ocean at some times and biases from the preserved depositional environments at other times. We recognize a provisional timescale for the transition of East Pacific odobenid assemblages that include “basal odobenids” (stem neodobenians) from the Empire and older formations (>7 Ma), to a mixture of basal odobenids and neodobenians from the Capistrano and basal Purisima (7–5 Ma), and then just neodobenians from all younger units (<5 Ma). The large amount of undescribed material will add new taxa and range extensions for existing taxa, which will likely change some of the patterns we describe.
Dissociating predictability, plausibility and possibility of sentence continuations in reading: evidence from late-positivity ERPs
Authors: Quante Laura , Bölte Jens , Zwitserlood Pienie
Published: October 2018

Late positive event-related potential (ERP) components occurring after the N400, traditionally linked to reanalysis due to syntactic incongruence, are increasingly considered to also reflect reanalysis and repair due to semantic difficulty. Semantic problems can have different origins, such as a mismatch of specific predictions based on the context, low plausibility, or even semantic impossibility of a word in the given context. DeLong, Quante & Kutas (2014) provided the first direct evidence for topographically different late positivities for prediction mismatch (left frontal late positivity for plausible but unexpected words) and plausibility violation (posterior-parietal late positivity for implausible, incongruent words). The aim of the current study is twofold: (1) to replicate this dissociation of ERP effects for plausibility violations and prediction mismatch in a different language, and (2) to test an additional contrast within implausible words, comparing impossible and possible sentence continuations. Our results replicate DeLong, Quante & Kutas (2014) with different materials in a different language, showing graded effects for predictability and plausibility at the level of the N400, a dissociation of plausible and implausible, anomalous continuations in posterior late positivities and an effect of prediction mismatch on late positivities at left-frontal sites. In addition, we found some evidence for a dissociation, at these left-frontal sites, between implausible words that were fully incompatible with the preceding discourse and those for which an interpretation is possible.
Movements and dispersal of brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) in Mediterranean streams: influence of habitat and biotic factors
Authors: Aparicio Enric , Rocaspana Rafel , de Sostoa Adolfo , Palau-Ibars Antoni , Alcaraz Carles
Published: October 2018

Dispersal is a critical determinant of animal distribution and population dynamics, and is essential information for management planning. We studied the movement patterns and the influence of habitat and biotic factors on Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo trutta) by mark-recapture methods in three headwater streams of the Ebro Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula). Fish were sampled by electrofishing on five occasions over 18–24 months and movements of over 3,000 individually tagged trout (age 1+ onwards) were recorded. Most of the tagged fish exhibited limited movement and were recaptured within 100 m from the initial capture section. Small seasonal differences in the movement pattern were observed, but in two of the streams, displacement distances increased prior the spawning period in autumn. The frequency distributions of dispersal distances were highly leptokurtic and skewed to the right and fitted well to a two-group exponential model, thus trout populations were composed of mobile and stationary individuals, the latter being the predominant component in the populations (71.1–87.5% of individuals). The mean dispersal distances, for fish captured at least in three sampling events, ranged 20.7–45.4 m for the stationary group and 229.4–540.5 m for the mobile group. Moving brown trout were larger than non-moving individuals and exhibited higher growth rates in two of the streams. Habitat features were not consistently linked to movement rates, but there were some interaction effects between stream and habitat characteristics such as depth, cover and water velocity.
Building interpretable models for polypharmacy prediction in older chronic patients based on drug prescription records
Authors: Kocbek Simon , Kocbek Primoz , Stozer Andraz , Zupanic Tina , Groza Tudor , Stiglic Gregor
Published: October 2018

Background

Multimorbidity presents an increasingly common problem in older population, and is tightly related to polypharmacy, i.e., concurrent use of multiple medications by one individual. Detecting polypharmacy from drug prescription records is not only related to multimorbidity, but can also point at incorrect use of medicines. In this work, we build models for predicting polypharmacy from drug prescription records for newly diagnosed chronic patients. We evaluate the models’ performance with a strong focus on interpretability of the results.

Methods

A centrally collected nationwide dataset of prescription records was used to perform electronic phenotyping of patients for the following two chronic conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, a hospital discharge dataset was linked to the prescription records. A regularized regression model was built for 11 different experimental scenarios on two datasets, and complexity of the model was controlled with a maximum number of dimensions (MND) parameter. Performance and interpretability of the model were evaluated with AUC, AUPRC, calibration plots, and interpretation by a medical doctor.

Results

For the CVD model, AUC and AUPRC values of 0.900 (95% [0.898–0.901]) and 0.640 (0.635–0.645) were reached, respectively, while for the T2D model the values were 0.808 (0.803–0.812) and 0.732 (0.725–0.739). Reducing complexity of the model by 65% and 48% for CVD and T2D, resulted in 3% and 4% lower AUC, and 4% and 5% lower AUPRC values, respectively. Calibration plots for our models showed that we can achieve moderate calibration with reducing the models’ complexity without significant loss of predictive performance.

Discussion

In this study, we found that it is possible to use drug prescription data to build a model for polypharmacy prediction in older population. In addition, the study showed that it is possible to find a balance between good performance and interpretability of the model, and achieve acceptable calibration at the same time.
Temporal shifts in endophyte bacterial community composition of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) are linked to foliar nitrogen, stomatal length, and herbivory
Authors: Borruso Luigimaria , Wellstein Camilla , Bani Alessia , Casagrande Bacchiocchi Sara , Margoni Ania , Tonin Rita , Zerbe Stefan , Brusetti Lorenzo
Published: October 2018

We studied the relationship between plant functional foliar traits and the endophytic bacterial communities associated in trees, taking the example of sessile oak (Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl). Forty-five samples with replicates of eight leaves per sample were collected in spring, summer and autumn. Bacterial community diversity was analyzed via Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA). The leaf traits specific leaf area, level of herbivory, stomatal number, stomatal length, carbon and nitrogen concentration were measured for the leaves of each sample. For statistical analysis, linear mixed effect models, the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Non-Parametric Multivariate Analysis of Variance (NPMANOVA) were applied. Herbivory, nitrogen and carbon concentration were significantly different in autumn compared to spring and summer (pvalue < 0.05), while stomatal length was differentiated between spring and the other two seasons (pvalue < 0.01). The seasonal differentiation of the bacterial community structure was explained by the first and second axes (29.7% and 25.3%, respectively) in the CCA. The bacterial community structure significantly correlated with herbivory, nitrogen concentration and stomatal length. We conclude that herbivory, nitrogen content, and size of stomatal aperture at the leaf level are important for endophyte colonization in oaks growth in alpine forest environments.
Fast robust adaptive tracker for uncertain nonlinear second‐order systems with time‐varying uncertainties and unknown parameters
Authors: Golestani Mehdi , Mobayen Saleh , Richter Hanz
Published: October 2018

This paper considers the problem of robust adaptive tracking control of nonlinear second‐order systems subjected to matched and unmatched uncertainties. This paper presents a control law derived by a new form of fast terminal sliding mode control that is combined with global sliding mode scheme. An adaptation mechanism is also employed to estimate the unknown parameters of the system. The proposed control law guarantees the finite‐time convergence of the sliding variable in the presence of uncertainties and unknown parameters. By elimination of the reaching phase, the robustness of the system is guaranteed throughout the entire response. Furthermore, there is no need for the upper bound of the system uncertainties or external disturbance to be known in advance. This feature makes the proposed controller more flexible in terms of implementation. The robustness of the proposed scheme is established by means of the Lyapunov stability theorem.
Electrocarving during Electrodeposition Growth
Authors: Wang Yanling , Zhao Liyan , Zhao Yu , Wang William Yi , Liu Yongfeng , Gu Changdong , Li Jinshan , Zhang Guigen , Huang Tony Jun , Yang Shikuan
Published: October 2018

Shape‐ and size‐controlled synthesis of micro/nanostructures is of fundamental importance in many applications of physics and chemistry. Wet chemical growth methods have achieved shape‐ and size‐controlled synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals of various compositions. Compared with wet chemical methods, electrochemical deposition (ECD) yields micro/nanostructures affixed to a substrate, but the resulting structures are poorly controlled. Herein, the controllable electrochemical fabrication of well‐defined silver‐oxide clathrate micro/nanostructures is realized by intentionally manipulating the previously neglected electrocarving process during electrodeposition growth (MEDEG). Most importantly, the dominance of the electrocarving and the electrodeposition growth process can be immediately manipulated by varying the deposition voltage and/or the composition of the electrolyte. Unique delta‐wing‐, arrowhead‐, and butterfly‐like silver‐oxide clathrate structures are created using the MEDEG method. MEDEG complements the capability of ECD for controllable synthesis of micro/nanostructures of various materials directly on a substrate. The study details the mechanisms that may enable MEDEG to become a competitive alternative to traditional wet chemical methods in the controllable synthesis of micro/nanostructures. This understanding of MEDEG should motivate applications in fields which demand well‐defined micro/nanostructures affixed to a substrate.
White Paper—Geriatric Emergency Medicine Education: Current State, Challenges, and Recommendations to Enhance the Emergency Care of Older Adults
Authors: Ringer Thom , Dougherty Megan , McQuown Colleen , Melady Don , Ouchi Kei , Southerland Lauren T. , Hogan Teresita M. ,   the Academy of Geriatric Emergency Medicine
Published: October 2018

Older adults account for 25% of all emergency department (ED) patient encounters. One in five Americans will be 65 or older by 2030. In response to this need, geriatric emergency medicine (GEM) has developed into a robust area of academic and clinical interest, with extensive evidence‐based research and guidelines, including clear undergraduate and postgraduate GEM competencies.

Despite these developments, GEM content remains underrepresented in curricula and licensing examinations. The complex reasons for these deficits include a perception that care of older adults is not a core emergency medicine (EM) competency, a disjunction between traditional definitions of expertise and the GEM perspective, and lack of curricular capacity.

This White Paper, prepared on behalf of the Academy of Geriatric Emergency Medicine, describes the state of GEM education, identifies the challenges it faces, and reviews innovations, including research presented at the 2018 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Scientific Meeting. The authors propose a number of recommendations. These include recognizing GEM as a core educational priority in EM, enhancing academic support for GEM clinician‐educators, using social learning and practical problem solving to teach GEM concepts, emphasizing a whole‐person multisystem approach to care of older adults, and identifying ageist attitudes as a hurdle to safe and effective GEM care.
A twin‐column recycling chromatography with solvent gradient for reinforcing the isolation of minor impurities
Authors: Wei Feng , Yang Zhengwei , Zhao Yingxian , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2018

A twin‐column recycling chromatography with solvent gradient was developed to isolate the minor impurities in the drugs. Two columns were connected through two 6‐port valves, and the solute band was diverted from one column into another by switching the valves. During the circulation of the solute band, a modifier was constantly added to the middle between the two columns so that the eluotropic strength of the downstream liquid was reduced. Thereby, the front of the band moved slower than the tail, bringing about a band compression effect to offset the band broadening so as to improve the separation and enhance the concentration of fraction without reducing the feeding amount. Such modified scheme was successfully used to purify a proprietary intermediate, displaying great advantages over the conventional scheme without solvent gradient in terms of recovery and fraction concentration. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 702–711, 2019
Effects of glaciation and whole genome duplication on the distribution of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex
Authors: Sutherland Brittany L. , Galloway Laura F.
Published: October 2018

Premise Of The Study

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to a species distribution. Among plants, the extrinsic effects of glaciation and intrinsic effects of whole genome duplication are powerful drivers of biogeographical patterns, but the interplay of these factors is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the roles glaciation and whole‐genome duplication have played in the evolution of the widespread polyploid complex Campanula rotundifolia.

Methods

We assessed the cytotype of 37 populations that spanned the geographic and cytotypic range of the C. rotundifolia complex. We constructed a chloroplast phylogeny for these populations and used RAD‐seq to create nuclear phylogenies and networks for a subset of 23 populations; and estimated divergence times of major clades using Bayesian estimation of substitution rates.

Key Results

Campanula rotundifolia originated in south‐central Europe and underwent range expansion throughout much of Europe and North America. Multiple genome duplications have occurred in C. rotundifolia—at least two tetraploid and three hexaploid formations.

Conclusions

Nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies are largely congruent with a history of populations surviving glacial maxima in known Pleistocene refugia in Europe and North America. Divergent European clades are consistent with two disjunct glacial refugia within Europe. North America was colonized by hexaploids derived from Western European lineages. A glacial refugium in Midwestern North America likely facilitated post‐glacial recolonization of North America and limited genetic divergence. These results implicate both glaciation and whole‐genome duplication as contributing factors to the extant biogeography of C. rotundifolia.
Total Synthesis of Cryptorigidifoliol K: Confirmation of Structure and Absolute Configuration
Authors: Sudhakar Reddy G. , Arjunreddy Mallampudi N. , Lakshmi Jerripothula K. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: October 2018

Total synthesis of the revised cryptorigidifoliol K and 2′‐epi‐cryptorigidifoliol K was accomplished. Salient features of the synthesis involve tandem isomerization followed by C−O and C−C bond forming reaction, iodolactonization and Nozaki‐Hiyama‐Kishi reaction. The synthesis allowed for confirmation of the structure as well as the elucidation of the unassigned stereocenter present in the side chain of the revised structure by correlating the spectral and analytical data of the synthetic cryptorigidifoliol K and 2′‐epi‐cryptorigidifoliol K with the natural product data, which was found to be 1S,5R,7S,2′R,3′E.
Novel thin‐film composite nanofiltration membranes fabricated via the incorporation of ssDNA for highly efficient desalination
Authors: Huang B.‐Q. , Ding H. , Xu Z.‐L. , Tang Y.‐J.
Published: October 2018

In this work, the biomacromolecule, single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) was innovatively incorporated into the polyamide layer to tailor the permeate flux and antifouling performance of the nanofiltration (NF) membranes. With active amines groups, the ssDNA was as the aqueous phase monomers along with piperazine (PIP), and reacted with trimesoyl chloride on polyethersulfone substrate to fabricate thin‐film composite (TFC) NF membranes. The NF membrane prepared under optimal ratio of ssDNA/PIP had a pure water permeability of 75.8 L m−2 h−1 (improved 58% compared to PIP NF membrane) and Na2SO4 rejection of 98.0% at 6.0 bar. The rejections for different inorganic salts were the order: Na2SO4 (98.0%) > MgSO4 (89.2%) > MgCl2 (72.8%) > NaCl (23.0%). Furthermore, the TFC NF membranes showed good antifouling performance in long‐term running with 300 ppm bovine serum albumin and humic acid solution. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 47102.