bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE GIARDINO DELLE CAMELIE IN THE BOBOLI MONUMENTAL GARDEN: INTEGRATED SURVEY, STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT AND RESTORATION PROJECT OF THE ARCHITECTURE, THE DECORATIONS AND THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Authors: Tucci G. , Ruggieri P. , Mazzoleni M. , Conti A. , Fiorini L. , Panighini F.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Boboli Monumental Garden, from the first half of the 17th century, houses “secret” spaces such as the Giardino delle Camelie, a secluded space reserved only for members of the Medici family. The particular configuration, both in plan and height, and the state of conservation of the Garden required a thorough survey with photogrammetric and laser scanner techniques as a preliminary investigation for the restoration and structural reinforcement project. The survey, together with a careful examination of the present conditions, the historical and archival research, the geognostic investigations enabled to investigate the object in its many specificities and to proceed to the following analysis and design.Starting from the 3D model, it has been possible to extract all the 2D views for the rendering of the survey and project drawings and to achieve countless qualitative and quantitative information on the structures, otherwise difficult to deduce, useful both for the project and restoration.
“HERITAGE & DEVELOPMENT” STRATEGY ON HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL): THE ADDED VALUE OF MULTI-TEMPORAL HUB APPLICATION
Authors: Yang M. , Brumana R. , Previtali M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Growing interest in boosting urban identity and character is increasing the demand for historic maps and documents of cities in constant evolution as in the case of metropolitan areas, peripheries and riverbank sites. A ‘Heritage & Development strategy based on the Historic Urban Landscape approach is required by city makers to ensure that exploitation needs can valorise the site’s natural and cultural heritage for sustainable social and economic optimisation.This paper intends to propose innovative virtual hub technologies of brokering, discovering and accessing open data, making available - to a large public of users - the multi-temporal dense stratified evidences of the targeted built environment areas and its surroundings, through the navigation of geo-referenced historical maps, together with current maps, going through design data. Enhancing the practice of publishing maps as open data represents a powerful leverage for time and cost effectiveness among planners, scientists and historians; soliciting their use to gain a vast knowledge of that areas, including a better comprehension of the transformations over the centuries, in order to support decision-making analysis, environmental monitoring and urban area planning; thus contribute to improving the sustainability of interventions respectful of the identity of the urban landscape. A case study of the ‘Deux Rives’ planning area in the city of Strasbourg is presented to illustrate these issues. The City of Strasbourg’s commendable work in publishing the historical maps supports the municipal authority’s Heritage & Development strategy in meeting contemporary and future needs while mitigating long-term damage from pressures for new interventions. Innovative virtual hub based applications to gather open data coming from different sources (city territorial services, design data sources, mobility services) can result in immeasurable added value through communicating the wealth of the planned areas and raising awareness among citizens and visitors of the interventions.
ANALYSIS OF JIAYUGUAN [嘉峪关] PAVILIONS' DEFORMATION AND ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS WITH THE APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Zhang L. , Dong W. , Zhou T. , Ba Z.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In the case study of Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼] located in Jiayuguan [嘉峪关] City, Gansu province in China, the 3D laser scanning technology and leveling technology are used to analyze overall tilt, columns tilt and uneven settlement of the pavilion. It is found that Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼] tilted to the southeast; most of the columns from the first floor to the third floor tilted to the northeast and east directions, and all the tilted distance of the columns is within 100 mm.; a certain amount of uneven settlement happened on Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼], in which the east side sinks more obviously. In the process of analyzing the influencing factors of deformation, numerical wind tunnel simulation and Midas Gen modeling methods are used. It is concluded that the external wind load is the main cause of Jiayuguan [嘉峪关] pavilions’ deformation.
GEOMATICS TECHNIQUES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Balletti C. , Bertellini B. , Gottardi C. , Guerra F.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The deep knowledge of Cultural Heritage, with historical research and interpretative analysis of materials, is fundamental to know the state of conservation and to plan potential restoration interventions. In the last years, thanks to the fast and continuous technological development, the metrical survey had a significant increase in this particular field: in fact, 3D digital acquisition allows to study some aspects otherwise difficult to investigate in a detailed way.In this research, we will explain the methodology used for the ceiling’s survey of the Sala Capitolare of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice, focusing on the support structure of Tintoretto’s paintings, anchored to a wooden system of Palladian trusses. The complexity of this Venetian architecture, its considerable dimension, the richness of decorations and the particular lighting conditions provided the opportunity of thinking about unconventional choices to apply from time to time and they required the integration of different methodologies: the laser scanning survey and the photogrammetric acquisition, together with a topographic network, allowed to obtain an adequate metric result for the study of the structure in its entirety. Furthermore, it was also decided to test image acquisition with a spherical camera for the documentation of the analysed architecture: this type of information, more related to a viewable aspect than to a metric one, can be presented together with traditional 2D representations to ensure a better enhancement of the achieved results.
CULTURAL HERITAGE MONITORING BY LOW-COST GNSS RECEIVERS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR SAN GAUDENZIO’S CUPOLA, NOVARA
Authors: Barzaghi R. , Reguzzoni M. , De Gaetani C. I. , Caldera S. , Rossi L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this study the cupola of San Gaudenzio’s Basilica in Novara, Italy, has been monitored by using two low-cost GNSS receivers located on the East and West side of the spire. Time series of daily solutions for an observation period of about one year have been collected and interpolated by cubic splines. The minimum description length criterion has been used to optimize this interpolation. The results show that the building had an uplift with a maximum amplitude of about 2 cm during summer. Moreover, from a joint analysis of the two points, one can realize that the uplift is not homogeneous, but the structure made some oscillations (with an amplitude at most of 4 mm) when rising up. As for the planimetric coordinates, the two antennas had a slightly different behaviour. The West point showed displacements at most of 1 cm and solutions with a very high repeatability of the order of few millimeters. The East point had a similar repeatability until a sudden jump occurred, followed by more noisy solutions in all the three directions. This noise degradation slowly dampened, till almost disappearing at the end of the recorded time series. This anomalous behaviour could be attributed to some structural movements. The test was successful in the sense that (1) it was proved that the millimeter accuracy can be reached by using GNSS low-cost receivers installed at San Gaudenzio’s cupola, even with a non-perfect sky visibility; (2) such an accuracy is able to show interesting movements of the cupola that can provide information about its stability.
THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF SURVEYS IN THE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS FOR PUBLIC BUILT CULTURAL HERITAGE CONCESSIONS
Authors: Boniotti C.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Cultural heritage concession has increasingly been adopted as part of public-private partnership agreements in situations where the public administration itself proves to be unable to manage its own cultural heritage. Compared to other public-private agreements, such as sponsorships, concession operations are more complex in nature and require that all private parties involved commit themselves long-term. On the one hand the private partner should estimate costs and revenues in a precise way, which is even more difficult for historic buildings, and be responsible for both ordinary and extraordinary maintenance. On the other hand, the public entity should conceive some legal protection schemes aimed at ensuring the property’s correct management on part of the private partner. Therefore, some continuous and preventive conservation activity is in essence mandatory.In these kinds of operations, a refined survey can allow more precise quantitative and qualitative valuations along the entire process: starting from the launch of the call for tenders, where GIS systems can provide descriptive contents, to the definition of detailed investment analysis by the private partner, as well as the management stage, where the implementation of asset management information systems such as BIM tools will allow for quicker and more efficient monitoring and surveillance by the public partner.
HBIM LEVEL OF DETAIL-GEOMETRY-ACCURACY AND SURVEY ANALYSIS FOR ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION
Authors: Brumana R. , Banfi F. , Cantini L. , Previtali M. , Della Torre S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The development of advanced survey techniques in the last years is offering a wide set of tools for implementing the building analysis. In the preservation field, the use of 3D interactive models is a prerogative of few and rare excellent cases and the information contained in high-resolution virtual representation are only partially developed. In the past centuries, the representation was centred on the theoretical roles of the descriptive geometry devoted to the representation of the architectural elements complexity in the space to manage the construction site process. It has been progressively lost the past skill to managing 3D objects in the space. Being HBIM based on 3D solids representation, the theme of the 3D model comes back to the foreground. The complexity of the architectural heritage and its components is evidencing a gap of best practices, protocols and specification in the HBIM-modeling. Do-It-Yourself modeling process has been characterised by the first phase of HBIM generation in the last years. Modeling phase within HBIM is left to the single responsibility, with lack of specification on the accuracy and level of geometry.This paper presents a first tentative to summarize the relationship among the surveying accuracy, the Level of Geometry and the Level of Accuracy (LOA) of each BIM object, starting from a series of experiences, in which advanced survey techniques were applied to condition assessment required by architectural preservation HBIM approach. The objectives of the surveying and HBIM can change for different aspects: but in the preservation context the specificity of each single objects and their complexity need to be taken into account. As in the surveying, the choice of a scale implies a range of accuracy and tolerance in the data acquisition and processing, in HBIM modelling the choice of the Grade of Accuracy drives within the Level of Geometry the scale model that is expected to be performed and required by the different actors involved by the different phases (i.e. restoration, Energy Efficiency, Finite Element Analysis, CoSiM). On the base of different experiences occurred in the last years, the specifications conventionally adopted for the surveying have been here proposed and extended to the HBIM domain, particularly in the modelling of objects, in order to classify different accuracies. A transparent choice of accuracy allows to define the LOG and to support the adoption of the proper Grade of Generation among the different options (GOG1-10) in function of the point clouds geometry and of the scales chosen by the different actors. The architectural scale together with the urban scale (Heritage Urban Level) is considered as well to keep advantage of a multi-resolution model, diversified in function of the objectives, thus of Level of accuracy (and Level of Information) and Level of Geometry.
KEYNOTE: USING THE GETTY VOCABULARIES TO CONNECT RESOURCES IN A LINKED AND OPEN WORLD: GROWING POTENTIAL THROUGH CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Cobb J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The J. Paul Getty Trust is a cultural and philanthropic institution dedicated to the presentation, conservation, and interpretation of the world’s artistic legacy.Through the collective and individual work of its constituent programs – the Getty Conservation Institute, the Getty Foundation, the J Paul Getty Museum, and the Getty Research Institute – the Getty pursues its mission in Los Angeles and throughout the world, serving both the general interested public and a wide range of professional communities in order to promote a vital civil society through an understanding of the visual arts.The Getty Research Institute is dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts and their various histories through its expertise, active collecting program, public programs, institutional collaborations, exhibitions, publications, digital services, and residential scholars programs. Its Research Library and Special Collections of rare materials and digital resources serve an international community of scholars and the interested public.The Institute's activities and scholarly resources guide and sustain each other and together provide a unique environment for research, critical inquiry, and scholarly exchange.The Getty Vocabularies have been produced and maintained for decades by the Getty Vocabulary Program, which is part of the Getty Research Institute (GRI).They are compliant with ISO and NICO standards for multilingual thesaurus construction and contain terminology and other information about people, places, objects, and art-historical and conservation concepts.They are compiled resources and grow through contributions from various Getty projects and from many external institutions.Although there are now five vocabularies, this talk will concentrate on the three that have been released as Linked Open Data.They are the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)®, the Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)®, and the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)®. These three vocabularies were the first to be released because they are used universally in the cultural heritage and library communities and represent best practice.The presentation will show examples of how AAT, TGN and ULAN are used and to highlight reasons why they have become such valuable resources. It will provide an overview of some of the major challenges and lessons learned since the vocabularies were made available as LOD. Topics will range from reconciling external resources with the Getty vocabularies to strategies for cultural heritage organizations to contribute new concepts and terminology and the need to easily and quickly provide contributors with the information they need to insert the link into their collection management systems.The goal is not only to work with the community to help everyone make the best use of the LOD datasets, but to make sure the datasets themselves continue to grow through contributions.
TOWARDS A SEMANTIC BASED HUB PLATFORM OF VAULTED SYSTEMS: HBIM MEETS A GEODB
Authors: Brumana R. , Condoleo P. , Grimoldi A. , Previtali M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In the last years many efforts have been invested in the cultural heritage digitization: surveying, modelling, diagnostic analysis and historic data collection. Nowadays, this effort is finalized in many cases towards the Historical Building Information Modelling. The number of informative models testifying the multifaceted richness and unicity of the architectural heritage and its components is progressively increasing. Information and Model are generally acquired under researches and analysis phases addressed to the preservation and restoration process. Unfortunately, once concluded the research such documentation is mostly left abandoned in the drawers or in the local memory of the computers, and in some cases totally missed. Just a few of them are saved in a server or in the cloud for the duration of the restoration, but without any connection with the maintenance process of historic architectures or knowledge transfer purposes and dissemination. This data loss would lead to the breaking of the cycle of past, present and future, with loss of memory and knowledge. The paper start facing the aspect of managing the information and models acquired on the case of vaulted systems. Information is collected within a semantic based hub platform to perform cross co-relation at a PanEuropean level. Such functionality allows to reconstruct the rich history of the construction techniques and skilled workers across Europe, enriched by 3 case studies surveyed in Prague region. To this purpose a Vault DB has been undertaken with a Vocabulary enriched by the granular information gained from the HBIM models, and with the vault sub-typologies highlighted by a detailed surveying.
HISTORY, GEOMETRY, STRUCTURE: INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF A HISTORICAL BRIDGE
Authors: Bruno N. , Coïsson E. , Diotri F. , Ferrari L. , Mikolajewska S. , Morra di Cella U. , Roncella R. , Zerbi A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this paper, an integrated analysis of the geometric and photogrammetric surveys on a 19th century bridge is proposed as an instrument for the comprehension of the historical evolution of its structural disorders, of its present conservation status and as a reliable base to define future interventions. The studied 20 arches brick masonry bridge in Northern Italy, that reaches the length of nearly 600 meters, constitutes a very interesting case study, not only for the technical and structural issues related to its restoration and use (with increased traffic loads) but also for its geometry, that has strict connections with the design methods that lead its construction, based on proportions, and whose changes in time embody the present symptoms of possible structural illnesses. Moreover, the bridge shows many decay phenomena, whose treatment will require a large part of the restoration resources. For this reason, a precise quantification of the affected surfaces, also in the curved parts, is important for the definition of conservative interventions. To this aim, possible methods of mapping and measuring the decay phenomena starting from the photogrammetric survey are also discussed.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SURVEY OF GUATTARI CAVE WITH TRADITIONAL AND MOBILE PHONE CAMERAS
Authors: Alessandri L. , Baiocchi V. , Del Pizzo S. , Di Ciaccio F. , Onori M. , Rolfo M. F. , Troisi S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Sometimes, the georeferencing of a cave in the global reference system can be challenging. Some difficulties may arise when narrow passages do not allow the use of classical topographic equipment or a terrestrial laser scanner. In these specific cases, the surveyor can employ a visual-based approach to produce both the followed path and the 3D model of the hypogeum. The report we are presenting is the result of a survey in the Guattari cave carried out using images taken by a Huawei P9 mobile phone and a Nikon D800E camera with a 16 mm fisheye lens. Several targets were measured in order to contain the deformation of the models. Three GCPs located just outside the cave have been used to georeference the models. The data have been acquired by a double frequency GNSS receiver in static session mode. The comparison between the two models shows a substantial concordance only in the area outside the cave where the GCPs were measured. In the innermost areas, the two models differ by as much as two meters.
COMPARING INNOVATIVE XR SYSTEMS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE. A CASE STUDY
Authors: Carrozzino M. , Voinea G.-D. , Duguleană M. , Boboc R. G. , Bergamasco M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The technological advances made in the recent years in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have led to a revolution in many adjacent areas. One of these is Cultural Heritage (CH), as the new array of XR technologies (a concept integrating Augmented, Mixed and Virtual Reality) is offering new interaction possibilities. The purpose of this paper is to compare several such technologies at application level, and to classify them based on common features such as Interaction, Manipulability, Ease of Use and others. The study presented in this paper was carried out during the H2020 project eHERITAGE (‘Expanding the Research and Innovation Capacity in Cultural Heritage Virtual Reality Applications’). The action had as output multiple XR systems/applications. We compare 4 of them: a smartphone-based AR application, a digital book with 3D elements deployed on a large touchscreen, a large holographic display and a bow simulator built using a VR headset and a mechatronic system. We evaluate these innovative systems in the context of the 2 educational events, when over 4000 participants interacted with our team. Results show that systems with greater interaction and immersion features were preferred over the others. Furthermore, Mixed Reality was preferred over Virtual and Augmented Reality.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BY GIUSEPPE TERRAGNI IN COMO: PROPOSALS FOR INTEGRATION BETWEEN RESEARCH, COMMUNICATION AND VALORISATION OF HERITAGE
Authors: Casanova M. , Greppi A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This essay presents a proposal concerning the residential buildings of Giuseppe Terragni in the urban area of Como, based on the research activity which has been ongoing in the last few years and the related experiences which have been elaborated up to now to manage, represent and communicate the studies carried out. A new method of integration between research, communication and enhancement is presented with the aim to obtain a synthetic and immersive representation. Two case studies, in particular, are presented: the building for apartments Novocomum and “Case Popolari” in Via Anzani. The paper describes the methodology used, and its purpose, to create a virtual tour of the atrium of Novocomum and common areas of Case Popolari which allows the user to visit the spaces moving inside high definition full spherical immersive images and to consult punctual information referring to heterogeneous historical documents, providing a useful tool in order to study these architectures and contributing to the knowledge and enhancement of this architectural heritage.
A GEO-REFERENCED DATABASE TO MANAGE THE LANDSCAPE AREAS UNDER PRESERVATION IN LOMBARDY REGION
Authors: Cazzani A. , Aresi M. , Coloru S. , Giannoccaro D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. One of the main goals of the Lombardy Region Landscape Plan (Piano Paesaggistico Regionale – PPR) review was to set up a detailed investigation of landscape binding actions that are issued according to article 136 of the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape (D.Lgs. 42/2004).To achieve this goal, a survey was launched and a geo-referenced database was constructed, considering all the data included in the 888 landscape binding actions currently in force in Lombardy.The geo-referenced database takes into account also other architectural preservation measures and natural landscape protections, because a large quantity areas in Lombardy are safeguarded as Regional Parks and Natural Monuments, ecological corridors, geosites and various zones with natural significance are issued as ZPS and SIC by UE.Databases from other agencies and institutions were collected, examined and updated, to provide a complete tool, usable by public administrations and professionals.Such database can also be integrated by multi-temporal geoinformation availability of applications implemented to manage and share georeferenced historical maps (i.e. GEOPAN ATL@S APP), boosting the utility of these data sets in the daily professional activity.
ANCIENT MINING LANDSCAPES AND HABITATIVE SCENERIES IN THE URBAN AREA OF CENTOCELLE: GEOMATIC APPLICATIONS FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION, MEASUREMENT, DOCUMENTATION AND MONITORING
Authors: Celauro A. , Marsella M. A. , D’Aranno P. J. V. , Maass A. , Palenzuela Baena J. A. , Guerrero Tello J. F. , Moriero I.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study, focused on the Archaeological Park of Centocelle, was carried out to test the functionality of different geomatic products for the identification and monitoring of complex archaeological evidences in urban areas. The method proposes a better knowledge of the archaeological context as a tool to favour a better protection, allowing the establishment of limits to urban enlargement in areas of respect. The test area is chosen because of the combined presence of hypogeal evidences related to Roman and pre-Roman exploitation of local litotypes and for the dense presence of archaeological vestiges at its surface, related to the inhabitation function of the zone in a period contemporaneous to the beginning of the quarrying activities. The methods used are the digital photogrammetry, 3D modelling, remote sensing interpretation and digital cartography. The protocol is then customized for the peculiarities of the area under study, considering both the underground structures and the ones at the surface. Archaeological features are identified by processing optical and SAR dataset to enhance the contrast of archaeological features from the background. Historical and recent DSM have been then compared to evaluate the evolutions of local topography. Concerning the study of the subterranean quarrying system in the area, a 3D model of one gallery was produced, with the aim to understand the type of ancient exploitation. A DTM of the toolmarks was then produced to understand the technological skills used for the exploitation of the local tuff and used as an indirect proof for chronological interpretation. A final trial of PSInSAR was addressed to test the method for monitoring the hypogeal levels. Several field prospections were executed, in order to first set the method properly and then validate the results.
BEST BEFORE? ADVANCED GEOMATICS FOR PRESERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF ADVANCED GEOMATICS
Authors: Celli S. , Del Curto D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This discussion paper deals with the task of preserving past geometrical surveys and keeping them in use. The continuous advancement in technology caused a quick ageing of both survey techniques and their outcomes. This may result into a predetermined expiration date after which they risk losing their quality and usefulness (hence the title «Best Before»). Facing this risk, this paper focuses on the unceasing relevance of past surveys both as a legacy in the history of technique and as a fundamental source of information on heritage buildings, and thus a support to the preservation activity. The present paper offers an overview of the most recent attempts of preserving and keeping in use the paper surveys of the past.
UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR RESILIENCE MANAGEMENT IN RECONSTRUCTION PLAN OF URBAN HISTORICAL CENTRES AFTER SEISMIC EVENTS. A CASE STUDY
Authors: Alicandro M. , Rotilio M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In the last decades, the UAV photogrammetry has been widely employed to obtain a complete and metric survey in different fields, especially when high resolution, speed of execution and safety are required. It is widely used in the construction sector and an interesting research field is their use to support the historical centres urban renewal projects, especially in post-earthquake reconstruction. In fact, the establishment of a construction site involves several intrinsic criticalities linked to the nature of the context, and especially in a post-earthquake scenario, additional problems arise beyond these critical elements. These conditions affect the preservation of historical centres, planned conservation, risk and resilience management. For this reason, it is necessary to develop innovative methodologies and strategy to plan interventions and to manage the construction sites in the historical centre after an earthquake.The use of UAV photogrammetry is a tool to support this activity in this field because it allows obtaining a complete and a high-resolution geometric survey of the areas to be reconstructed in a fast way and especially in total safety for the operators. For this reason, this study aims to illustrate a methodology that, starting from a series of preliminary surveys, supports the development of the program of reconstruction of a historic urban centre hit by an earthquake event. The aim of this research is to prevent problems, interferences and criticalities in order to increase the safety and rationality of the entire reconstruction process.
INTEGRATED APPROACH COMBINING DIRECT SURVEY AND OBSERVATION IN DAMAGE ANALYSIS IN CASE OF SOIL SETTLEMENT
Authors: Giangregorio M. C. , Cortinovis N. , Cardani G. , Coronelli D.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, different methods are used to study historical masonry buildings. Among these, for the study of architectures with complex geometry, the effectiveness of an integrated approach, that is a method of analysis combining different disciplines, is increasingly evident.The aim of this paper is to show the importance of combining direct observation with structural analysis in order to understand the level of safety in buildings with composite geometries.This paper describes the analysis executed in the XX century parish church of San Bernardino in Sesto Calende (Va), which displays serious cracks and damage caused by soil settlements.The integrated approach starts with historical analysis, by consulting all available documents and drawings. To understand the geometry of the structure a new survey has been made and a three-dimensional digital representation was modeled, by which better deriving the weight of all the elements in the construction, and to find the correct actions and thrust on arches, columns, bases and foundation. All this data was used in the structural analysis based on the static method of limit analysis. For the material behavior the model proposed by J. Heyman (1966) is used, considering the “no tension” failure criterion. The static theorem of minimum reactions for settled states enunciated by M. Como (2010) is employed for the analysis of soil settlement effects on the building’s response.The work shows how direct survey of geometry and damage of a complex building has an effective importance in the structural analysis to ensure Cultural Heritage preservation and safety.
A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WORKFLOW FOR RAPID SITE DOCUMENTATION AT STOBI, REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Jones K. , Bevan G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The so-called “Theodosian Palace” is one of the most significant Late Antique structures at the site of Stobi, in the Republic of North Macedonia. Popularly thought to be a stopping-place of Theodosius I on his way through the province of Macedonia Secunda according to the evidence of the Codex Theodosianus, the structure is in dire need of conservation with many of the stone and mortar walls threatening to collapse onto the mosaic floors below. Any conservation effort in the Republic of North Macedonia must produce rigorous documentation before any physical work can take place. The most important and time consuming component of the project preparation are section and elevation drawings documenting each of the walls stone-by-stone, with elevations and scales indicated in a format prescribed by the state. These drawings are usually done manually on graph paper in the field, with the assistance of time-honoured manual tools – the plum-bob and tape-measure –, but this method is enormously time consuming and has considerable of room for error. The present project, begun in 2016 and the subject of this paper, endeavoured to show that new, photogrammetric methods could not only improve the accuracy of these drawings, but also the speed with which they are made. Our results demonstrate an increase in accuracy by an order magnitude, from 3 cm to 3 mm, and an improvement in the time to deliver the final product from an estimated 8 months to 2 months.
RAPID 3D DIGITALIZATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: A CASE STUDY ON ISTANBUL SULEYMANIYE SOCIAL COMPLEX (KULLİYE)
Authors: Kan T. , Buyuksalih G. , Enc Ozkan G. , Baskaraca P.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Determination and documentation are the basis of all studies in the context of conservation and sustainability of cultural heritage. Considering the number of historical and cultural properties and their deterioration status, the fastest and most accurate method of documentation is required to be used in these studies. With the development of technology, traditional documentation methods have been replaced by digitization which enables the acceleration of the whole process. 3D laser scanning technology is the most rapid, accurate (metric) and reliable method used in digitization studies of cultural properties / cultural heritage nowadays. By using laser point cloud data, 3D model of cultural properties can also be generated quickly and in detail as well as documentation and digital archiving. At this point, the integration of digital camera or 360° panoramic camera, which is very popular today, and point cloud data makes a significant contribution to further analyzes. This study expresses the 3D digitalization processes of the Suleymaniye Külliye (Mosque and Complex), which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 3D model and VR applications, which are also outputs of the study, are discussed at the end part.
GEOREFERENCING AND REPROJECTION ERROR INVESTIGATION ON IMAGE BASED 3D DIGITIZATION AND MAPPING OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Altuntas C.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Image based dense point cloud creation is easy and low-cost application for three dimensional digitization of small and large scale objects and surfaces. It is especially attractive method for cultural heritage documentation. Reprojection error on conjugate keypoints indicates accuracy of the model and keypoint localisation in this method. In addition, sequential registration of the images from large scale historical buildings creates big cumulative registration error. Thus, accuracy of the model should be increased with the control points or loop close imaging. The registration of point point cloud model into the georeference system is performed using control points. In this study historical Sultan Selim Mosque that was built in sixteen century by Great Architect Sinan was modelled via photogrammetric dense point cloud. The reprojection error and number of keypoints were evaluated for different base/length ratio. In addition, georeferencing accuracy was evaluated with many configuration of control points with loop and without loop closure imaging.
RESEARCH ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNOLOGY IN RENOVATING PROJECTS OF MUKDEN PALACE
Authors: Li C. , Yang J. , Zhang X. , Fu M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. With the increasing emphasis on the conservation of cultural relics, the renovation work of historic buildings has become more and more important. Basically, most of the ancient buildings in China are wooden structure. Wood is a flexible material which could resist deformation in the earthquake. The drawback, however, is that they are susceptible to temperature, humidity and other external influences (which will lead to rot, cracks, tilt, foundation settlement, etc.), and poses a hidden danger to entire architecture. Besides, after years of use, the decline in mechanical properties could affects their bearing capacity. Moreover, traditional renovation methods, determining renovation and demolition in the absence of accurate and effective detection and evaluation methods, like eyeballing, knocking, which are simple and depend largely on manual experience and lacks of accuracy, will cause the loss of historical information of ancient construction. Also, Traditional way of stylobate repairing can only be qualitative analysis which are visually or empirically, deciding partial repair or comprehensive replacement. Internal damage remains unclearly and inaccurately that often result in the loss of historical information and over-repair of heritage. Paper aims to interpret with two typical example in Mukden Palace, where located in the temperate sub-humid continental climate, with a huge temperature difference between day and night, one is the stone stylobate of Dazheng Hall, the palace used for holding ceremonies, the other is the wooden structure of Ancestral Temple. Both faced with varying degrees of damage, such as foundation broken, frieze panel inclined and pillar cracked. Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Technology using in those two projects includes 3D scanning, ground penetrating, concrete ultrasonic testing and mineral element analyzing that can collect data more comprehensive than just using traditional methods, especially for internal damage. Then generating the quantitative analysis of damage category. Furthermore, discussing cause of damage and moderately protection methods of the stone stylobate and the wooden structure on the basis of testing. As well as providing references of repairing project of traditional Chinese stony heritage.
3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION IN A PRE-DIGITAL ERA: CASE STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF RESTORATION
Authors: Lobovikov-Katz A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Restoration of the ensemble of parks, palaces and fountains of Peterhof (Petrodvorets) near St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Russia, is one of world-renowned restoration projects of the post - World War II period. However, little has been analysed of this unique restoration experience. This paper presents a specific episode in the history of this restoration project.The Peterhof ensemble is a complex historic site which includes many palaces, structures and fountains covering 18 square km of parks and gardens. The Grand Palace, - the central and the largest building of this ensemble, was built at the edge of a natural terrace, with a view to the sea (the Gulf of Finland) and the Lower Park at the foot of the terrace. This dominant spatial-architectural role of the Grand Palace was emphasized by its highest elements – two cupolas of its eastern and western parts. The cupolas were heavily damaged during World War II and shape reconstruction had to be undertaken for their restoration. The restoration of cupolas was one of the first and important steps in the restoration of the Peterhof ensemble.This paper focuses on the approach, methodology and the selected technological aspects of the restoration of cupolas of the Grand Palace, with a view to their interpretation at the time of restoration of cupolas (1950-s) as well as to modern restoration principles. It shows the process and methods of non-digital reconstruction of the shape of 3D object aided by non-digital models, unique decisions and techniques.
REALISTIC NATURAL INTERACTION WITH VIRTUAL STATUES IN X-REALITY ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Margetis G. , Papagiannakis G. , Stephanidis C.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality have successfully transitioned from the laboratory environment to becoming mainstream technologies available to almost everyone, mainly due to important advancements in terms of hardware. These technologies, along with recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, have the potential to deliver compelling experiences. In the Cultural Heritage domain, they can be used to achieve natural interaction with virtual statues, making visitors feel as if physical statues “come to life” and can engage in dialogue with them. This paper presents the fundamental technological components towards this vision and how they can be orchestrated through the description of a conceptual architecture and a use case example. Open research issues are also discussed, providing a roadmap for future research in this area.
DISCOVERING AND PRESERVING THE MILITARY LANDSCAPE. ICT FOR THE GERMAN BUNKERS OF THE GALLA PLACIDIA LINE
Authors: Mariotti C. , Ugolini A. , Zampini A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The research here presented reflects on the potentials of enhancement, given by new Information and Communication technologies, in the field of Culture Heritage. It describes an interpretation and communication project for a military landscape built during World War II by the German troops. Known as Galla Placidia Line, it was a network of heterogeneous fortifications like bunkers, defensive emplacements and dragon’s teeth erected between Pesaro and Ravenna along the coasts of Emilia Romagna.The project bases its roots on the development of a rigorous census, thought as an implementation of the online open-source catalogue established by the entrusted Institutions. The direct and indirect surveys required in order to describe these structures according to a specific set of characteristics will increase their knowledge and relative awareness and it will constitute the starting point for developing new narrative contents. The communication and interpretation of these data will go through the use of locating intelligences – an integrated GPS and Beacon system – involved into a new application. A tool witch is meant to help and empower local communities and institutions not only in making this heritage known but also in its conservation policies.
DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION AND MONITORING HUB IN CLIMATE-SENSITIVE TERRITORIES: THE ALBENGA CASE STUDY (SAN CLEMENTE SITE)
Authors: Molnar T. , Brumana R. , Conventi M. , Previtali M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This paper will go into further detail on pressures and policies faced by the archaeological site of San Clemente’s caretakers, that affect the sites preservation. Including the protection of the riverbed along the fragile coast line represented by the masonry portion of the thermal bath’s foundation which is directly in contact with the water. Being the destiny of the site to be gradually eroded by flooding, digital documentation can play a significant role in documenting the sites changes over time allowing for easy analysis of newly revealed elements. As in the case of the documentation of the viewable openings through the thermal masonry-pipeline during the last surveying campaign this paper will discuss the experimentation of data management through Virtual Hub. Through which past sequences of data can be made accessible to anyone who must operate on the site, and to document the state of affairs of the archaeological complex over the last few years.
AERIAL PLATFORMS (UAV) SURVEYS IN THE VIS AND TIR RANGE. APPLICATIONS ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE
Authors: Parisi E. I. , Suma M. , Güleç Korumaz A. , Rosina E. , Tucci G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The paper presents multi-sensor applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on three different cases of study, belonging to the wide category of Cultural Heritage (CH). The contribution aims to examine the efficacy of different methodological approach of surveys made in VIS and TIR range with aerial platforms. The use of UAV on two archaeological areas, Çatalhöyük site (Konya, Turkey) and the Medicean Villa of Pratolino (Florence, Italy) and an application of precision agriculture in Lamole (Greve in Chianti, Italy) will be presented. In particular, the analysis will focus on the accuracy of the obtained data, in terms of both metric and image quality, the possible information to extract from the IR imaging, the relationship between costs and benefits and the total amount of information that can be gained. The two different fields of research (archaeological and agricultural one) show that there are some similarities in the approaches and which could be the improving to obtain using the aerial survey in the visual and IR bands.
ADVANCED 3D TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT OF THE BIM PROCESSES IN THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE CASE STUDY OF THE ROMAN FLUVIAL PORT OF AQUILEIA (ITALY)
Authors: Pratali Maffei S. , Canevese E. , De Gottardo T. , Pizzol L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Advanced 3D technology, in line with the directives of the European Commission's Reflective 7 - Horizon 2020 project, allows to represent in an organized and accurate way (geometrically and chromatically speaking) any type of artefact belonging to the Cultural Heritage. This article will deal with the specific case-study of the research carried out in the archaeological site of the Roman fluvial port of Aquileia, in collaboration with the University of Trieste. Thirtysix MA Architecture students attending the experimental course in “Technologies for the conservation and enhancement of architectural heritage” were involved. The Advanced 3D model of the fluvial port was conveniently divided into 15 sectors, in order to allow the assignment of each sector to a different group of students. The students, using the tools provided by the proprietary EasyCUBE PRO software, were able to create a digital database with an accurate 3D representation of all types of degradation affecting the archaeological structures existing in situ. Starting from the digital database, the students created a report containing the surfaces, volumes, count of the specific elements and all the other textual and graphical data related to the degradation processes. The collected data allowed to produce a metric estimate of the restoration intervention and to realize visual simulations of the post-intervention result. This experience gave the chance to evaluate the advantages of creating a digital database of 3D representations of the various forms of degradation, also in terms of possible future developments.
Incorporating multi-source remote sensing in the detection of
earthquake-damaged buildings based on logistic regression
modelling
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Jingfa , Jiang Hongbo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. After an earthquake, efficiently and accurately acquiring information about damaged buildings can help reduce casualties. Earth observation data have been widely used to map affected areas after earthquakes. However, accurate post-earthquake assessment results are needed to manage recovery and reconstruction and estimate economic losses. In this paper, for quantification and precision purposes, information on earthquake-induced building damage is extracted using multi-source remote sensing images collected after an earthquake. The multi-source remote sensing data include optical data, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, and digital surface model (DSM) data generated by interpolating light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. Features that describe texture, colour, and geometry are included in our analysis. The feature analysis is carried out according to the rough set theory to further determine the feature parameters. A logistic regression model (LRM) is employed to find the optimal fitting function to describe the relationship between the occurrence and absence of destroyed buildings within an individual object. In our experiment, old Beichuan County, China, the area most devastated by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, is used to test the proposed hypothesis. Through comparison with a ground survey, the experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is 94.2 %; the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.827. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated using 6 modes of data combination acquired from the same area in old Beichuan County. The approach is one of the first attempts to extract damaged buildings through the fusion of three types of data with different features. The approach addresses multivariate regression methodologies and compares the potentials of different features for application in the field of damage detection.