bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad-complex transcription factor mediates opposing hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Heng , Meng Xiangkun , Qian Kun , Liu Yaping , Song Qisheng , Stanley David , Wu Jincai , Park Yoonseong , Wang Jianjun
Published: October 2020

The phosphoarginine-arginine kinase shuttle system plays a critical role in maintaining insect cellular energy homeostasis. Insect molting and metamorphosis are coordinated by fluctuations of the ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone. However, the hormonal regulation of insect arginine kinases remain largely elusive. In this report, we comparatively characterized two arginine kinase genes, TcAK1 and TcAK2, in Tribolium castaneum. Functional analysis using RNAi showed that TcAK1 and TcAK2 play similar roles in adult fertility and stress response. TcAK1 was detected in cytoplasm including mitochondria, whereas TcAK2 was detected in cytoplasm excluding mitochondria. Interestingly, TcAK1 expression was negatively regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone and positively by juvenile hormone, whereas TcAK2 was regulated by the opposite pattern. RNAi, dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed that the opposite hormonal regulation of TcAK1 and TcAK2 was mediated by transcription factor Broad-Complex. Finally, relatively stable AK activities were observed during larval-pupal metamorphosis, which was generally consistent with the constant ATP levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the ATP homeostasis in insects by revealing opposite hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes.
Tissue-scale tensional homeostasis in skin regulates structure and physiological function
Authors: Kimura Shun , Tsuchiya Ayako , Ogawa Miho , Ono Miki , Suda Nao , Sekimoto Kaori , Takeo Makoto , Tsuji Takashi
Published: October 2020

Tensional homeostasis is crucial for organ and tissue development, including the establishment of morphological and functional properties. Skin plays essential roles in waterproofing, cushioning and protecting deeper tissues by forming internal tension-distribution patterns, which involves aligning various cells, appendages and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The balance of traction force is thought to contribute to the formation of strong and pliable physical structures that maintain their integrity and flexibility. Here, by using a human skin equivalent (HSE), the horizontal tension-force balance of the dermal layer was found to clearly improve HSE characteristics, such as the physical relationship between cells and the ECM. The tension also promoted skin homeostasis through the activation of mechano-sensitive molecules such as ROCK and MRTF-A, and these results compared favourably to what was observed in tension-released models. Tension-induced HSE will contribute to analyze skin physiological functions regulated by tensional homeostasis as an alternative animal model.
Modeling synchronization in forced turbulent oscillator flows
Authors: Herrmann Benjamín , Oswald Philipp , Semaan Richard , Brunton Steven L.
Published: October 2020

Periodically forced, oscillatory fluid flows have been the focus of intense research for decades due to their richness as a nonlinear dynamical system and their relevance to applications in transportation, aeronautics, and energy conversion. Here we derive a mechanistic model of the dynamics of forced turbulent oscillator flows by leveraging a comprehensive experimental study of the turbulent wake behind a D-shaped body under periodic forcing. We confirm the role of resonant triadic interactions in the forced flow by studying the dominant components in the power spectra across multiple excitation frequencies and amplitudes. We then develop an extended Stuart-Landau model that captures the system dynamics and synchronization regions. Further, it is possible to identify the model coefficients from sparse measurement data.
Driving positron beam acceleration with coherent transition radiation
Authors: Xu Zhangli , Yi Longqing , Shen Baifei , Xu Jiancai , Ji Liangliang , Xu Tongjun , Zhang Lingang , Li Shun , Xu Zhizhan
Published: October 2020

Positron acceleration in plasma wakefield faces significant challenges, as the positron beam must be pre-generated and precisely coupled into the wakefield and, most critically, suffers from defocusing issues. Here we propose a scheme that utilizes laser-driven electrons to produce, inject, and accelerate positrons in a single setup. The high-charge electron beam from wakefield acceleration creates copious electron–positron pairs via the Bethe–Heitler process, followed by enormous coherent transition radiation due to the electrons’ exiting from the metallic foil. Simulation results show that the coherent transition radiation field reaches up to tens of GV m−1, which captures and accelerates the positrons to cut-off energy of 1.5 GeV with energy peak of 500 MeV (energy spread ~ 24.3%). An external longitudinal magnetic field of 30 T is also applied to guide the electrons and positrons during the acceleration process. This proposed method offers a promising way to obtain GeV fast positron sources.
Complex rupture dynamics on an immature fault during the 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey
Authors: Gallovič František , Zahradník Jiří , Plicka Vladimír , Sokos Efthimios , Evangelidis Christos , Fountoulakis Ioannis , Turhan Fatih
Published: October 2020

Physical laws governing friction on shallow faults in the Earth and spatial heterogeneity of parameters are critical to our understanding of earthquake physics and the assessment of earthquake hazards. Here we use a laboratory-derived fault-friction law and high-quality strong-motion seismic recordings of the 2020 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey, to reveal the complex rupture dynamics. We discover an initial Mw 5.8 rupture stage and explain how cascading behavior of the event, involving at least three episodes, each of M > 6, caused it to evolve into a large earthquake, contrarily to other M5+ events on this part of the East Anatolian Fault. Although the dynamic stress transfer during the rupture did not overcome the strength of the uppermost ~5 kilometers, surface ruptures during future earthquakes cannot be ruled out. We foresee that future, routine dynamic inversions will improve understanding of earthquake rupture parameters, an essential component of modern, physics-based earthquake hazard assessment.
Assessment of an anisotropic coarse-grained model for cis-1,4-polybutadiene: a bottom-up approach
Authors: Tanis Ioannis , Rousseau Bernard , Soulard Laurent , Lemarchand Claire A.
Published: October 2020

This work presents a generic anisotropic bottom-up coarse-grained approach for polymer melts and it is tested thoroughly and successfully.
Ebselen prevents cigarette smoke-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice
Authors: Balasuriya Gayathri K. , Mohsenipour Mitra , Brassington Kurt , Dobric Aleksandar , De Luca Simone N. , Mou Kevin , Seow Huei Jiunn , Lee Chalystha Yie Qin , Herath Madushani , Chan Stanley M.H. , Vlahos Ross , Hill-Yardin Elisa L.
Published: October 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for which a major cause is cigarette smoking (CS). The underlying mechanisms and precise effects of CS on gut contractility, however, are not fully characterised. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether CS impacts GI function and structure in a mouse model of CS-induced COPD. We also aimed to investigate GI function in the presence of ebselen, an antioxidant that has shown beneficial effects on lung inflammation resulting from CS exposure. Mice were exposed to CS for 2 or 6 months. GI structure was analysed by histology and immunofluorescence. After 2 months of CS exposure, ex vivo gut motility was analysed using video-imaging techniques to examine changes in colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs). CS decreased colon length in mice. Mice exposed to CS for 2 months had a higher frequency of CMMCs and a reduced resting colonic diameter but no change in enteric neuron numbers. Ten days cessation after 2 months CS reversed CMMC frequency changes but not the reduced colonic diameter phenotype. Ebselen treatment reversed the CS-induced reduction in colonic diameter. After 6 months CS, the number of myenteric nitric-oxide producing neurons was significantly reduced. This is the first evidence of colonic dysmotility in a mouse model of CS-induced COPD. Dysmotility after 2 months CS is not due to altered neuron numbers; however, prolonged CS-exposure significantly reduced enteric neuron numbers in mice. Further research is needed to assess potential therapeutic applications of ebselen in GI dysfunction in COPD.
Modern trends and emerging practices applied by organisations operating in Slovakia
Authors: Cambalikova Andrea , Szabo Luboslav
Published: October 2020

The interest in the modern trends in management comes both from the academic field as well as from the practice. Based on the results of our research and literature review we compiled a theoretical basis related to the modern managerial methods and tools used in the organization. We researched the traditional factors of management, hard factors and soft factors, more specifically what importance in managing of the organization is assigned to each of them. Our research has shown that the soft factors of management consider enterprises in Slovakia as those more important. A drawback is a fact that respondents rated corporate culture as the least important factor, while the successful implementation of the most modern management trends requires a change in corporate culture therefore it should be an important part worth paying attention.
Models of Regulation as Tool for Risk Elimination in Network Industry Markets in Slovakia
Authors: Fendekova Eleonora
Published: October 2020

In Slovakia in the recent period of time we have seen an intensive discussion concerning the effectiveness of the price regulation methods in Network Industries and the objectivity and the labour social effectiveness of The Regulatory Office for Network Industries, as well. It is understandable as network industries in fact ensure the production and distribution of energy sources which play a key role in an effective operation of the developed economies. The discussions are usually focused on the question of a reasonable profit of the network industries companies and on the other hand on the question of prices which are determined by the reasonable and generally acceptable costs of their production. In relation with objectification and increases in nationwide operation effectiveness of natural monopolies in network industries† on the market the role of regulation mechanisms is increasing. Its aim is the closest approximation of proportions between price and level of network industry products supply to the situation which would occur in the conditions of market competition. In the paper we will analyze analytical scheme for monopoly price regulation – rate of return regulation.
Industry 4.0 brings changes in human resources
Authors: Adamková Hana Gažová
Published: October 2020

Industry era 4.0 is an era of robotization that assumes the unification and automation of processes in the personnel area: data collection, information analysis, evaluation, training, performance enhancement and decision making. The aim of the paper is to point out the upcoming trend in the era of industry 4.0, of which employees are an essential part. It focuses on the perception of implementation of changes from the perspective of employees and the need for systematic work of HR professionals. The paper focuses on identifying the types of changes that are most often implemented in organizations and also the satisfaction of employees with the impact of the introduced changes. We start from the fact that changes contribute to the future of an ever-developing organization. The more people are connected to change, the easier it is to encourage their positive engagement.
Green innovations in logistics supporting the development of innovative green technologies, processes, products and services in companies in Slovakia
Authors: Gubová Klaudia
Published: October 2020

Significant changes on global markets influence behaviour of businesses as well as position of logistics. As logistics represents one of the parts in business process, it is important to monitor its direction and development. Modern management in a business, application of new information, technologies and systems, stricter legislation requirements, they all move business logistics forward. Logistics systems are being constantly modernised. Modernisation greatly considers automation, robotics, development of artificial intelligence and digitalisation. Rapid development of technologies and systems causes that future form of logistics, together with technologies, will represent important source of competitive advantage on the market. The main objective of the scientific paper is to identify, analyze, evaluate and generalize the use of green logistics in Slovakia in order to achieve the competitiveness of the company on the market. Green logistics will be one of the most dominant trends in business logistic in forthcoming period.
Approaches to ITSM level measurement and evaluation
Authors: Hamranová Anna , Kokles Mojmír , Hrivíková Tatiana
Published: October 2020

The paper examines ITSM (IT Service Management) which is based on the internationally accepted ITIL standard (IT Infrastructure Library). Within the domain of ITSM special attention is given to constant improvements in IS/IT services. The aim of the paper is to identify and characterise ITSM metrics and metrics models among which ITSM Maturity Models play an important role. Standard methods of scientific work such as analysis, synthesis, comparison and selection are used for the paper. The main findings are based on the analysis of literature proving the importance of effective IS/IT service management in supporting the business goals of enterprises and organisations. Several authors criticised the extent and detailed character of ITIL.They suggested solving the problems of SME sector by simplifying the processes of ITSM implementation. This is closely related to the proposed system of ITSM metrics and metrics models. The paper provides a detailed elaboration of complex metrics models together with a derived, reduced model with 8 main metrics and other often used tools for IS/IT services measurement, namely ITSM Maturity Models. They are applicable for both a diagnosis of the level of IS/IT services in the companies and eventual correction of plans and for benchmarking the enterprises within their specific branch.
Usage of indicators of innovativeness in marketing performance assessment in companies in Slovakia
Authors: Hrušovská Dana , Grančičová Katarína
Published: October 2020

At present, measuring of marketing performance should be an integral part of a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of a company. In this context, the paper points out the trend of the increasing number of indicators used in the area of marketing performance assessment and summarizes the most commonly used indicators in this area, with an emphasis on the innovativeness indicators. Following the theoretical bases it subsequently presents the results of the research more broadly aimed at the issue of marketing performance assessment in companies in Slovakia. The presented results are focusing mainly on the usage of indicators of innovativeness, which have been in companies in Slovakia identified as the least preferred category of indicators in the context of marketing performance assessment. The overall results of the implemented research suggest that the general trends in the examined area to a large extent apply also to companies in Slovakia.
Normative and descriptive perception of strategic decision making
Authors: Jankelová Nadežda , Puhovichová Diana
Published: October 2020

During historical development a greater number of decision theories were gradually conceived. Their differences arise from the normative and descriptive characters of individual theories. They differ in basic assumptions such as rationality, available information or choice of a decision. In practical life, they are manifested by accentuation of rational, or even intuitive decision making. This article is devoted to the definition of both types of theories and subsequent examination of the level of rationality in strategic decision making of managers. The findings have shown, that managers use more rational approach than intuitive approach. The most important factors that influence the level of rationality in strategic decision making were external factors. The most important of them has been assigned to a group of competition factors. Other factors influencing the level of rationality in strategic decision-making have been identified, namely the factors of the decision itself and factors of the internal environment. Managers combine rationality with strategic decision-making activities to take advantage of opportunity of an environment. The emphasis in the degree of impact on rationality in strategic decision-making is significant in favor of using the factors of the decision itself. The dependence of the perception of factors of the decision itself was significant in the variable economy.
EVOLUTIONARY MODEL FAMILY BUSINESS - concept of special model
Authors: Mikoláš Zdeněk , Vozňáková Iveta
Published: October 2020

The authors of the article present the practical and theoretical knowledge which they have achieved in the framework of the entrepreneurship research over the past 10 years. The practical and research activities have focused in the last period, in particular, on the synergy of the links between the family business, innovative dynamism and competitiveness of the companies. The paper offers a generalization of the findings to the theory of synergy, economics of the time, the family business, especially in the innovation and dynamism of the evolutionary family business potential in the process of succession. The findings are also based on empirical research in more than 230 small and medium-sized family companies in the Czech Republic and Poland. Presented results deserves a broad discussion and verification in practice, depending on the cultural differences in manifestations of globalization in various parts of the world and under the influence of the industrial revolution 4:0
Convergence of two controlling terms. Do we face a common future between controlling and management accounting?
Authors: Mišún Juraj , Mišúnová Hudáková Ivana
Published: October 2020

Every single theory is based on some fundamental terms, which can also be used by other, unrelated theories. However, in our case, two related theories use the same basic term. “Controlling” terms are used in management (one of the main management functions) and management accounting (a management subsystem that helps managers to make qualified decisions). This semi-continental problem begun to emerge in the last years, since English has become the main language of scientists, even the coexistence of two controlling terms has lasted for almost half a century. The German controlling term needed an appropriate translation back into English. While the German-speaking authors quietly found other terms for translating, many authors from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) mistakenly assume that English and German “controllings” are equivalents, causing an increase of confusing literature. To solve this problem, we need a clear separation of the two theories and a qualitative prognosis of possible development. In this paper, we used a relatively simple but reliable method for the prognosis, which includes five different scenarios of development. Ultimately, management or managerial accounting is the most widely used translation. Therefore, we assume that in the long term, this term will gain the major position.
Synergistic effect of joining process and its measurement
Authors: Polednáková Anna
Published: October 2020

Rapid technological advances, globalization is leading to intensified global competition. In order to remain competitive and strengthen their market position, companies often opt for an external growth strategy through M&A. The most frequently mentioned reason for merging companies to achieve a synergistic effect. For this reason, it is essential that the buyer assesses the potential concentration in order to create value for shareholders. This paper focuses on analyses and characteristics and definition of synergy effect, analysis of main sources of synergy, definition of key variables in assessment of synergies.
The Impact of digitization and automation of production on the role of the workforce in companies in Slovakia
Authors: Rakovská Julia
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article was to evaluate the current view of domestic and foreign authors on problems and trends of production logistics in the conditions of globalization and to explore possibilities of development of the concept of Industry 4.0 in Slovakia. We also focused on the digitalization of processes, which are one of the basic prerequisites for the company's operation in the Industry 4.0 concept. The current conditions in the Slovak Republic, resulting from the functioning of the market economy, create new opportunities and the need to apply business approaches in production management. It is a prerequisite for the success not only of manufacturing companies to find balance between modern trends and technologies and people with necessary knowledge and skills.
Management of business processes using stochastic simulation
Authors: Špaček Miroslav , Půlpán Petr , Kopecký Zdeněk
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with risks and uncertainties that are related to business processes. The risks and uncertainties (risk factors) can significantly influence organizational performance, value creation and long term-sustainability. Managers are often puzzled with making decisions in the environment of breakthrough discontinuities. The main outcome of the paper is the presentation of purposefully developed software tool that uses stochastic simulation of risks and uncertainties of business processes to support making optimum managerial decisions. This software is able to simulate any process risk factors that are describable by a mathematical model. The model was tested on the examples of production and investment cases. The research applied Business Process Modelling Notation Approach (BPMN) as well as mathematical and stochastic modelling. In addition, contextual interviews with company managers and risk specialists were used to get unbiased, reliable, and professional information on determination and analysis of process risk factors. The research was also supported by the evidence provided by the case study that illustrates software based decision-making process relating to opting for technology variant.
Specifics of Creative Business in Architecture
Authors: Uhliar Miroslav
Published: October 2020

Architecture is one of the sectors which belong to the cultural and creative industry. It is characterized by a high level of individual creativity and creativeness. The main subjects in the architectural sector are mostly individuals or legal entities with a very small number of employees. Architecture in general is closely connected to other sectors, like construction building, and the nature of the architectural job positions requires the employees to have a wide variety of skills apart from formal education. The leading professionals in this sector are architects, landscape architects and engineers who often carry out their activities in the form of a free enterprise. As to the remuneration, the sector of architecture is considered above-average.
Lifetime Exposure to Recreational Swimming Training and its Effects on Autonomic Responses
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Cortesi Matteo , Di Michele Rocco , Trofè Aurelio , Raffi Milena
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of long-term recreational swimming training on the cardiac autonomic responses in the healthy population. 70 habitual recreational swimmers (48.6±14.3 yrs.) and 60 sedentary adults (51.5±10.4 yrs.) were recruited. Arterial blood pressure was recorded with participants in supine position for 10 min, and the last 5 min were used to assess heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and hemodynamic analysis. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that the swimmers had practiced swimming for a mean of 14 years and 207 min/week. No difference was detected for body mass index between groups. Heart rate variability showed significant differences between groups both in the time and frequency domain analysis. We also found significant differences for baroreflex sensitivity. At rest, cardiac output and stroke volume were higher, whereas, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistances were lower in the swimmers than in the sedentary subjects. Since heart rate variability measures are independent predictors of mortality, the present findings suggest that habitual recreational swimming may be protective against sudden cardiovascular events and, more in general, have a positive impact on cardiovascular health.
Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity
Authors: Lässing Johannes , Schulze Antina , Kwast Stefan , Falz Roberto , Vondran Maximilian , Schröter Thomas , Borger Michael , Busse Martin
Published: October 2020

The importance of using mouthguards as well as their low acceptance rate have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of customized mouthguards on hemodynamics.. This randomized crossover study used data from 13 subjects (23.5±1.4 years). The cardiopulmonary and metabolic parameters were observed during ergometer tests without mouthguard (control) in comparison to two types of mouthguards (with and normal without breathing channels). Maximum ventilation was significantly decreased with the normal mouthguard (113.3±30.00 l ∙ min−1) in contrast to the mouthguard with breathing channels (122.5±22.9 l ∙ min−1) and control (121.9±30.8 l ∙ min−1). Also the inspiration time was longer when using the normal mouthguard (0.70±0.11 s) compared to the mouthguard with breathing channels (0.63±0.11 s) and control (Co 0.64±0.10 s). Lactate was also increased under the influence of the mouthguard with breathing channels (10.72±1.4 mmol ∙ l−1) compared to the control (9.40±1.77 mmol ∙ l−1) and the normal mouthguard (9.02±1.67 mmol ∙ l−1). In addition, stroke volume kinetics (p=0.048) and maximum heart rates (p=0.01) show changes. Despite equal levels of oxygen uptake and performances under all three conditions, the use of mouthguards showed differences in cardiopulmonary parameters. The use of mouthguards during exercise does not affect physical performance and can be recommended for injury prevention.
Medizinische, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte der Eizellspende
Authors: Kentenich Heribert , Stamm Anja
Published: October 2020

Frauen, die aufgrund medizinischer Indikationen auf eine Eizellspende angewiesen sind, um schwanger zu werden, haben in Deutschland derzeit keine legale Möglichkeit, sich ihren Kinderwunsch zu erfüllen. Im September 2020 veröffentlichte die Bundesärztekammer ein Memorandum, das u. a. fordert, das Verbot der Eizellspende zu kippen. Ein Blick auf relevante Aspekte eines aktuellen Diskussionsthemas.
Effects of Exercise Training on the Paracrine Function of Circulating Angiogenic Cells
Authors: Evans William S. , Sapp Ryan M. , Kim Katherine I. , Heilman James M. , Hagberg James , Prior Steven J.
Published: October 2020

Exercise training has various benefits on cardiovascular health, and circulating angiogenic cells have been proposed as executing these changes. Work from the late 1990s supported an important role of these circulating post-natal cells in contributing to the maintenance and repair of the endothelium and vasculature. It was later found that circulating angiogenic cells were a heterogenous population of cells and primarily functioned in a paracrine manner by adhering to damaged endothelium and releasing growth factors. Many studies have discovered novel circulating angiogenic cell secreted proteins, microRNA and extracellular vesicles that mediate their angiogenic potential, and some studies have shown that both acute and chronic aerobic exercise training have distinct benefits. This review highlights work establishing an essential role of secreted factors from circulating angiogenic cells and summarizes studies regarding the effects of exercise training on these factors. Finally, we highlight the various gaps in the literature in hopes of guiding future work.
Investigations on the 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactivity of Alkoxyl Radicals under Visible-Light-Induced Reaction Conditions
Authors: Chen Yiyun , Liu Dan , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2020

The alkoxyl radicals have demonstrated superior hydrogen atom transfer reactivity in organic synthesis due to the strong oxygen–hydrogen bond dissociation energy. However, only the intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and intramolecular 1,5-HAT have been widely studied and synthetically utilized for C(sp3)–H functionalization. This Account summarizes our investigations on the unusual 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals under visible-light-induced reaction conditions for the α-C–H functionalization. Various mechanistic investigations were discussed in this Account to address three key questions to validate the 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals.

1 Introduction

2 Could Aldehydes/Ketones Be the Sole Reaction Intermediate for the α-C–H Allylation? NO

3 Is the Alkoxyl Radical Absolutely Involved in the Reaction? YES

4 Does the 1,2-HAT of Alkoxyl Radicals Irrefutably Exist? YES

5 Conclusion
Reductive Knoevenagel Condensation with the Zn–AcOH System
Authors: Budynina Ekaterina M. , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: October 2020

An efficient gram-scale one-pot approach to 2-substituted malonates and related structures is developed, starting from commercially available aldehydes and active methylene compounds. The technique combines Knoevenagel condensation with the reduction of the C=C bond in the resulting activated alkenes with the Zn–AcOH system. The relative ease with which the C=C bond reduction occurs can be traced to the accepting abilities of the substituents in the intermediate arylidene malonates.
How and Why Crowd Reviewing Works
Authors: van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin
Published: October 2020

In this Account, the development of Select Crowd Reviewing from the initial idea through a pilot phase to the present moment, when it is now used as the default method for the evaluation of manuscripts at Synlett and SynOpen is detailed. We describe the workflow through which a manuscript is evaluated when Select Crowd Reviewing is applied. A series of questions and answers is used to address typical concerns and the advantages Select Crowd Reviewing offers when compared to traditional peer review.

1 Introduction: The History of Select Crowd Reviewing

2 The Select Crowd Reviewing Workflow

3 Questions We Have Received Regarding Select Crowd Reviewing

4 Conclusion
Radical-Mediated Hetaryl Functionalization of Nonactivated Alkenes through Distal ipso-Migration of O- or S-Hetaryls
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhang Huihui , Ji Meishan , Wei Youhao , Chen Haodong , Wu Xinxin
Published: October 2020

A radical-mediated hetaryl functionalization of nonactivated alkenes through distal ipso-migration of O- or S-containing hetaryls was developed. Furyl, benzofuryl, thienyl, and benzothienyl groups showed satisfactory migratory abilities. A variety of heteroatom-centered radicals, including azido, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, and silyl radicals readily trigger the migration cascade, and a new C–heteroatom and C–C bond are concomitantly constructed in the reaction. This method provides an efficient approach to the synthesis of high-valued complex O- or S-hetaryl compounds.
The Hormetic Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on Rat Pulpal Cells: An In Vitro Preliminary Study
Authors: Nassar Mohannad , Dargham Ahmad , Jamleh Ahmed , Tamura Yukihiko , Hiraishi Noriko , Tagami Junji
Published: October 2020

Objectives Despite the agreement that there is no longer any indication for arsenic use in modern endodontics, some concerns are surfacing about the minute amount of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) released from Portland cement-based materials. The present study investigated the effect of different concentrations of As2O3 on rat pulpal cells and the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing As2O3-mediated toxicity.

Materials and Methods Cytotoxicities of 50, 10, or 5 µm As2O3 and the effect of cells co-treatment with 50 µm As2O3 and 5,000 µm NAC or 500 µm NAC were tested at 24 hours or 3 days. Cell viability was assessed by means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cellular morphological changes were observed under phase contrast microscope.

Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used to evaluate differences between the groups (α = 0.05).

Results At both exposure times, 50 µm As2O3 resulted in lower optical density (OD) values when compared with 10 or 5 µm As2O3. At 24 hours, 10 µm As2O3 resulted in a higher OD value compared with the control; however, at 3 days the difference was statistically insignificant. At each exposure time, the OD value of 5 µm As2O3 group was comparable to the control and 10 µm As2O3 group. There were no significant differences between 50 µm As2O3 group and 500 μm NAC+50 μm As2O3 group; however, these two groups had lower OD values when compared with 5,000 μm NAC+50 μm As2O3 group at 24 hours and 3 days. The latter group showed significantly lower OD value in comparison with the control at 24 hours and 3 days. Control cells were polygonal-shaped while 50 µm As2O3-treated cells exhibited contracted and spherical morphology with increased intercellular spaces. At 24 hours, 10 μm and 5 µm As2O3-treated cells were slightly hypertrophic. Cells co-treated with NAC and As2O3 showed increased intercellular spaces and lower cellular density compared with the control.

Conclusions As2O3 displayed a hormetic effect on pulpal cells; however, the proliferative effect induced by low As2O3 concentrations should be interpreted with caution. NAC did not prevent As2O3-mediated toxicity; however, it demonstrated potential for ameliorating this toxicity.
Methods to Investigate miRNA Function: Focus on Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Garcia Alix , Dunoyer-Geindre Sylvie , Fish Richard J. , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite , Reny Jean-Luc , Fontana Pierre
Published: October 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs modulating protein production. They are key players in regulation of cell function and are considered as biomarkers in several diseases. The identification of the proteins they regulate, and their impact on cell physiology, may delineate their role as diagnostic or prognostic markers and identify new therapeutic strategies. During the last 3 decades, development of a large panel of techniques has given rise to multiple models dedicated to the study of miRNAs. Since plasma samples are easily accessible, circulating miRNAs can be studied in clinical trials. To quantify miRNAs in numerous plasma samples, the choice of extraction and purification techniques, as well as normalization procedures, are important for comparisons of miRNA levels in populations and over time. Recent advances in bioinformatics provide tools to identify putative miRNAs targets that can then be validated with dedicated assays. In vitro and in vivo approaches aim to functionally validate candidate miRNAs from correlations and to understand their impact on cellular processes. This review describes the advantages and pitfalls of the available techniques for translational research to study miRNAs with a focus on their role in regulating platelet reactivity.
Effects of protein supplementation on Nellore cows’ reproductive performance, growth, myogenesis, lipogenesis and intestine development of the progeny
Authors: Rodrigues Liziana Maria , Schoonmaker Jon Patrick , Resende Flavio Dutra , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende , Rodrigues Machado Neto Otavio , Gionbelli Mateus Pies , Ramalho Santos Gionbelli Tathyane , Ladeira Marcio Machado
Published: October 2020

Context It is hypothesised that protein supplementation in pregnant Nellore cows during the dry season would improve reproductive performance in the next breeding season, as well as growth, myogenesis and intramuscular lipogenesis of the progeny until weaning. Aims To evaluate the effect of maternal nutrition on cow reproductive performance, as well as on the growth, myogenesis and lipogenesis of the progeny until weaning. Methods A total of 92 pregnant cows were fed on pasture, and half of the cows were also fed a mineral–protein supplement (36% crude protein) from 124 ± 21 days of pregnancy to calving. Therefore, two treatments were tested: non-supplemented or supplemented cows. Progeny were weighed after birth, 130 days after birth and at weaning. Six newborn calves from each treatment were slaughtered to collect muscle and jejunum samples to analyse histology and gene expression. In addition, Longissimus thoracis muscle biopsies were collected at 11 days after birth and weaning for gene expression analyses. Key results Supplemented cows had greater bodyweight (P = 0.03) and body condition score (P = 0.05) during gestation, and the pregnancy rate in the subsequent breeding season had a tendency (P = 0.10) to be greater. The progeny from supplemented cows had greater bodyweight at birth (P = 0.05). However, no differences (P > 0.05) were found in bodyweight at weaning or in the average daily gain during this period. Non-supplemented calves had greater SLC27A4 (P = 0.04) expression and a tendency for greater expression of SLC5A1 (P = 0.08) in the jejunum. Muscle gene expression data showed that progeny from supplemented cows had greater expression of myogenic (WNT10B), adipogenic (PPARG, ZFP423, CD36) and fibrogenic (TGFβ1) markers at birth and at weaning (P ≤ 0.10). Conclusions In conclusion, protein supplementation of pregnant Nellore cows leads to positive effects for subsequent reproductive performance and for muscle development of their progeny. In addition, the progeny from feed-restricted cows increases prenatal intestinal development for better nutrients absorption under a potentially impaired environmental condition. Implications The use of protein supplementation in pregnant Nellore cows has a positive impact on the production system, increasing productivity in a cow/calf operation.
Virulence mismatches in index hosts shape the outcomes of cross-species transmission
Authors: Mollentze Nardus , Streicker Daniel G. , Murcia Pablo R. , Hampson Katie , Biek Roman
Published: October 2020

Significance

Emerging disease epidemics often result from a pathogen establishing transmission in a novel host species. However, for reasons that remain poorly understood, most cross-species transmissions fail to establish in the newly infected species. Examining experimental cross-species inoculations of rabies virus, we show that host and viral factors predict differences in disease progression in ways that are expected to impact the likelihood of onward transmission. Disease progression was accelerated and virus excretion decreased when the reservoir and novel host were physiologically or genetically more dissimilar. These insights may help to explain and predict host shifts in rabies and other zoonotic viruses and highlight meta-analyses of experimental inoculation data as a powerful and generalizable approach for understanding the dynamics of index infections.
Unraveling intrinsic correlation effects with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Jianqiang Sky , Reining Lucia , Nicolaou Alessandro , Bendounan Azzedine , Ruotsalainen Kari , Vanzini Marco , Kas J. J. , Rehr J. J. , Muntwiler Matthias , Strocov Vladimir N. , Sirotti Fausto , Gatti Matteo
Published: October 2020

Significance

Photoemission spectra reflect the many-body electronic structure of materials. The main peaks whose energies vary as a function of angle-resolved momentum usually correspond to the band structure. Replicas of these peaks, called satellites, are entirely due to interactions. Therefore, they could be used to detect the strength of electronic correlation in a material, if intrinsic features were not buried by other scattering effects. This study demonstrates how intrinsic satellites can be unraveled from measured spectra by using angular resolution and insights on the origin of nondispersing satellite contributions. Consequently, angle-resolved photoemission can be used to set an unambiguous lower bound on the strength of correlation.
National vs international cartoons depicting Catalonia’s
independence process in the press
Authors: Muelas-Gil María
Published: October 2020

Given the key role played by political metaphors
in multimodal discourse, the objective of the study is twofold:
first, to contrast the main source domains used by the national and
the international press in a sample of political cartoons depicting
Catalonia’s independence process (September-November 2017). Second,
to critically analyse the political and cultural (mis)conceptions
behind the cartoons and their potential implications on the
international audience’s perception of Spain. This study draws upon
the groundings of Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal critical
discourse analysis and Charteris-Black’s critical metaphor analysis
in order to address Critical Multimodal Metaphor Analysis. The
results show relevant differences in terms of source choice by the
international vs. national press, since the former makes use of
sources that are absent in the later, and vice versa. This study
supports the claim of a critical multimodal metaphor analysis to
examine political metaphors in multimodal communication.
A corpus-assisted qualitative approach to political discourse in
Spanish print and digital press
Authors: Fernández Smith Gérard
Published: October 2020

News discourse nowadays is generally regarded as
a means for the transmission of ideology and other predefined ideas,
usually related to political viewpoints and, therefore, political
discourses. From this standpoint (widely discussed by van Dijk,
Fairclough, and Wodak, among others), I intend to achieve an
adequate qualitative description of conceptual networks and some
general patterns of persuasive communicative goals throughout data
obtained from written pieces of discourse in Spanish media, focusing
my attention on a series of key words, frequently used by
politicians and reproduced by the media, previously gathered from
Spanish main parties’ electoral programs. My assumption is that,
being involved with political ideology, patterns found within news
discourse support the idea that a positive or a negative position is
defended regarding those contents represented by said key words.
A visual critical discourse analysis of women representation in
Dolce & Gabbana advertising
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: October 2020

The role of visuals in meaning making is
essential to communicate and establish a dialogue with society. The
aim of this chapter is to uncover the visual discursive
representation of women in a sample of advertisements from a
critical discourse analysis perspective. Data was collected via the
Internet from the advertisements by Dolce & Gabbana from January
2016 to December 2018. The data was quantitatively analysed
following van Leeuwen’s model of social actors and Kress and van
Leewen’s visual grammar within the general frame of visual critical
discourse analysis. This chapter critically studies the
advertisements used by Dolce & Gabbana for their products and
examines whether visual choices used by the publicist to portray the
woman in the corpus contribute to perpetuating gender stereotypes.
The findings indicate that women are represented as stereotyped,
following traditional canons of beauty and foregrounding their
bodies as objects of desire.
“Well, in the case of my mom…”
Authors: Lukianova Ekaterina , Steffensmeier Timothy
Published: October 2020

This article is guided by the question: What are the argumentative functions of personal stories in public deliberations? Drawing on the analytical traditions of argumentation theory and discourse analysis, we analyzed three public forums on mental illness, where personal stories were used in a number of argumentative functions. Our analysis reveals that in a deliberative forum personal stories were used as negotiable arguments rather than as mere assertions of individual experience. Personal stories were primarily used as arguments by example to challenge the framing proposed by the moderator and to pitch problem definitions that participants considered most relevant. In this function, personal stories were alternatively engaged as inductive or abductive arguments by other forum participants. Additionally, personal stories were used to support solution proposals and to uphold social ideals.
Polar modes of gravitational waves in Rastall cosmology
Authors: Salti M , Aydogdu O , Kangal E E
Published: October 2020

In this article, we discuss propagation expressions for polar gravitational waves in the spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker spacetime dominated by a perfect fluid in the Rastall theory. We perturb the spatially flat spacetime description by making use of Regge–Wheeler perturbations inducing the polar gravitational waves and formulate the corresponding field equations for both unperturbed and perturbed cases. Then, we focus on these field equations simultaneously to find out the unknown perturbation functions. We attain that the assumed perturbations affect the background matter distribution as well as the four-velocity components. We also investigate the impact of model parameters on the amplitude of the polar gravitational waves.
Ultrasound elastography reveals the relation between body posture and soft-tissue stiffness which is relevant to the etiology of sitting-acquired pressure ulcers
Authors: Mansur Ruba , Peko Lea , Shabshin Nogah , Cherbinski Leonid , Neeman Ziv , Gefen Amit
Published: October 2020

Objective: Sitting-acquired pressure ulcers (PUs) are common in wheelchair users. These PUs are often serious and may involve deep tissue injury (DTI). Investigating the mechanical properties of the tissues susceptible to DTI may help in guiding the prevention and early detection of PUs. In this study, shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to measure the normative mechanical properties of the soft tissues of the buttocks, i.e. skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat, under the ischial tuberosities, in a convenient sample of healthy adults without weight bearing and with weight bearing of different times. Approach: We compared the stiffness properties of these soft tissues between the lying prone and sitting postures, to determine whether there are detectable property changes that may be associated with the type of posture. We hypothesized that muscle contractions and 3D tissue configurations associated with the posture may influence the measured tissue stiffnesses. Main results: Our results have shown that indeed, SWE values differed significantly across postures, but not over time in a specific posture or for the right versus left sides of the body. Significance: We have therefore demonstrated that soft-tissue stiffness increases when sitting with weight bearing and may contribute to increasing the potential PU risk in sitting compared to lying prone, given the stiffer behavior of tissues observed in sitting postures.