bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes
Authors: Luo Kai , Zhou Jia-Xi , Huang Zhi-Long , Caulfield John , Zhao Jian-Xin , Feng Yue-Xing , Ouyang Hegen
Published: September 2019

Unraveling the evolution of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) hydrothermal system is crucial for understanding ore genesis and exploration. In this paper, we take the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit in the western Yangtze Block (South China) as a case study, using detailed ore deposit geology, quartz in situ trace elements, and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes, to propose a new integrated model for the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system. Four hydrothermal stages were identified in the Wusihe ore district: (I) lamellar pyrite-sphalerite; (II) disseminated, stock-work, and brecciated sphalerite-galena; (III) massive galena, and (IV) veined calcite-bitumen. Within the most representative stage (stage II), Al concentrations in quartz (Q) increase from 8.46–354 ppm (mean 134 ppm) of Q1 to 171–3049 ppm (mean 1062 ppm) of Q2, and then decrease to 3.18–149 ppm (mean 25.4 ppm) of Q3. This trend indicates the role of acid-producing processes that resulted from sulfide precipitation and acid consumption by carbonate buffering. The occurrence of authigenic non-altered K-feldspar provides further evidence that the ore-forming fluids were weakly acidic with pH values of > ~5.5. Moreover, new bulk δ34S values of sulfides (+1.8 to +14.3‰) are overall lower than those previously reported (+7.1 to +20.9‰), implying that in addition to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) may play an important role in the formation of S2–. In situ δ34S values show a larger range (–4.3 to +26.6‰), and significantly, varies within single grains (up to +12.3‰), suggesting mixing of two isotopically distinct S2– end-members produced by TSR and BSR. The diagenetic and hydrothermal early phase (stage I) sulfides were formed within a nearly closed system of BSR, whereas the formation of late phase (stage II and stage III) sulfides was caused by the input of hydrothermal fluids that promoted TSR. New galena in situ Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.02–18.19, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.66–15.69, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.14–38.39) suggest that the sources of mineralizing metals in the Wusihe deposit are mainly Proterozoic basement rocks. Hence, a multi-process model (i.e., basin-mountain coupling, fluid mixing, local sulfate reduction, in situ acid-producing and involvement of black shales and carbonate sequences) was responsible for the formation of the Wusihe deposit, while S2– was produced by both TSR and BSR, providing new insights into the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system.
Assessment of inline technique-based water hammer control strategy in water supply systems
Authors: Ben Iffa Ridha , Triki Ali
Published: September 2019

This article discusses and compares the effectiveness of the compound and dual technique-based inline strategy used to upgrade existing steel pipe-based water supply systems. Basically, these techniques are based on splitting the single inline short section, used in the conventional technique, into a couple of two sub-short sections made of two distinct plastic material types: high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE) and (LDPE). The 1D unconventional water hammer solver based on the method of characteristics was used for numerical computations. Results evidenced that the specific setup of the compound technique based on (HDPE-LDPE) sub-short sections (where the former sub-short section is attached to the hydraulic parts, while the latter is attached to the main steel pipe) is the most prominent configuration providing an acceptable trade-off between attenuation of pressure head surge, and limitation of excessive wave oscillation period spreading. Furthermore, this compound technique setup allowed more important pressure head peak (or crest) attenuation as compared with the dual technique based on (LDPE-LDPE) sub-short sections; while inducing about similar values of wave oscillation period spreading.
Industrial effluent treatment with immersed MBRs: treatability and cost
Authors: Qiblawey Hazim , Judd Simon
Published: September 2019

A comprehensive OPEX analysis for both municipal and industrial wastewaters has been conducted encompassing energy, critical component (membrane) replacement, chemicals consumption, waste disposal and labour. The analysis was preceded by a review of recent data on industrial effluent treatability with reference to published chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal data for four effluent types: food and beverage, textile, petroleum and landfill leachate. Outcomes revealed labour costs to be the most significant of those considered, contributing 50% of the OPEX for a 10,000 m3/day capacity municipal wastewater treatment works. An analysis of the OPEX sensitivity to 12 individual parameters (labour cost, flux, electrical energy cost, membrane life, feed COD, membrane cost, membrane air-scour rate, chemicals cost, waste disposal cost, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration, recirculation ratio, and transmembrane pressure) revealed OPEX to be most sensitive to labour effort and/or costs for all scenarios considered other than a large (100,000 m3/day capacity) works, for which flux and electrical energy costs were found to be slightly more influential. It was concluded that for small- to medium-sized plants cost savings are best made through improving the robustness of plants to limit manual intervention necessitated by unforeseen events, such as electrical/mechanical failure, foaming or sludging.
Neuromedin U and Structural Analogs: An Overview of their Structure, Function and Selectivity
Authors: De Prins An , Van Eeckhaut Ann , Smolders Ilse , Tourwé Dirk , Ballet Steven
Published: September 2019

The neuromedin U peptide sequence is highly conserved between various species. Neuromedin
U is involved in a variety of physiological processes. It exerts its effects via two neuromedin
U receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2. These receptors are characterized by a distinct, yet
complementary, tissue distribution with NMUR1 mostly found in the periphery, while NMUR2 is
most abundant in the central nervous system. The capability of the neuropeptide to reduce food intake
in rodents triggered the design and synthesis of a broad range of modified peptide ligands. The
purpose of these ligands is to develop novel therapeutics which could be beneficial in the treatment
of obesity and diabetes. Most compounds are derived either from the full-length neuromedin U sequence
or are based on the truncated orthologs of this neuropeptide. Only a few non-peptidic ligands
were developed. This review provides an overview on various neuromedin U analogs and mimetics
that have been reported to date.
Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer: An Update on Alternatives for Treatment and Future Perspectives
Authors: Majolo Fernanda , Caye Bruna , Stoll Stefani Natali , Leipelt Juliano , Abujamra Ana Lúcia , Goettert Márcia Inês
Published: September 2019

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types in men worldwide. With the
progression of the disease to independent stimulation by androgen hormones, it becomes more difficult
to control its progress. In addition, several studies have shown that chronic inflammation is
directly related to the onset and progression of this cancer. For many decades, conventional chemotherapeutic
drugs have not made significant progress in the treatment of prostate cancer. However,
the discovery of docetaxel yielded the first satisfactory responses of increased survival of
patients. In addition, alternative therapies using biomolecules derived from secondary metabolites
of natural products are promising in the search for new treatments. Despite the advances in the
treatment of this disease in the last two decades, the results are still insufficient and conventional
therapies do not present the expected results they once promised. Thus, a revision and
(re)establishment of prostate cancer therapeutic strategies are necessary. In this review, we also
approach suggested treatments for molecular biomarkers in advanced prostate cancer.
Panitumumab Induced Forearm Panniculitis in Two Women With Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Domenico Ciliberto , Antonella Ierardi , Benedetto Caroleo , Luigi Scalise , Antonio Cimellaro , Lidia Colangelo , Giuseppe Spaziano , Gallelli Luca
Published: September 2019

Background:

Panitumumab is an EGFR inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic
colorectal cancer (mCRC), even if its use is related to skin toxicity.

Case Presentation:

We report the development of forearm panniculitis in two women during the
treatment with Panitumumab (6 mg/Kg intravenous every 2 weeks) + FOLFOX-6 (leucovorin, 5-
fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin at higher dosage) for the treatment of mCRC.

Results:

In both patients, clinical, laboratory and radiological evaluation documented the presence
of a local panniculitis, probably related to panitumumab (Naranjo score: 6). Panatimumab discontinuation
and antimicrobial + corticosteroid treatment induced a remission of skin manifestations.

Conclusion:

We reported for the first time the development of panniculitis during Panitumumab
treatment, and we documented that the treatment with beta-lactams to either fluoroquinolones or
oxazolidinone in the presence of corticosteroid improves clinical symptoms in young patients with
mCRC, without the development of adverse drug reactions or drug-drug interactions.
Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders with Special Emphasis on Tangeritin
Authors: Fatima Ambreen , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: September 2019

Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found universally in all fruits, vegetables
and medicinal plants. They have emerged as a promising candidate in the formulation of treatment
strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The use of flavonoid rich plant extracts and
food in dietary supplementation have shown favourable outcomes. The present review describes the
types, properties and metabolism of flavonoids. Neuroprotective role of various flavonoids and the
possible mechanism of action in the brain against the neurodegeneration have been described in detail
with special emphasis on the tangeritin.
A Systematic Review and Bioinformatics Study on Genes and micro-RNAs Involving the Transformation of Endometriosis into Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sheikhvatan Mehrdad , Chaichian Shahla , Moazzami Bahram
Published: September 2019

Background:

Along with the description of tumorigenesis processes in endometriosisrelated
ovarian cancer, identifying dysregulated miRNAs, the target genes of these miRNAs, and the
processes abnormally affected by dysregulated miRNAs is essential, which was our goal.

Methods:

Two reviewers individually evaluated the articles which collected relevant information including
genes and miRNAs involved in the transformation of endometriosis into ovarian cancer. To
assess the mature sequence of miRNAs and also their chromosomal positions, miRPathDB software
was employed. To determine the main target gene predicted for each considered miRNAs, the TargetScanS
Web server was applied. The interaction of each gene with other genes associated with endometrial-
related ovarian cancer was determined by GeneMANIA software. Finally, to design integrated
model of miRNAs-targeted genes interaction network, the Cytoscape software was used.

Results:

The final number of studies available for analysis was 6 manuscripts including 22 miRNAs
described as involved in the transformation of endometriosis into different subtypes of ovarian cancers
(14 miRNAs up-regulated and 8 miRNAs down-regulated). Three miRNAs of miR-141 (upregulated),
miR-205 (down-regulated), and miR-125b (down-regulated) were revealed as the originator
for genetic interactions leading to carcinogenesis. We could show some common loops and pathways
including uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis (mediated by PTEN gene induced
by miR-21 and miR-214), and disaggregation and epithelialization (mediated by ZEB1 and
ZEB2 genes induced by miR-200).

Conclusions:

According to our analysis, up-regulation of miR-141 and down-regulation of miR-205
and miR-125b have a central role in transforming endometriosis to ovarian cancer.
Diagnosis in PANDAS: An Update
Authors: Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Nicolini Humberto
Published: September 2019

Background:

The last twenty years have seen major advancements in unraveling the etiology and the identification of biological markers of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococci (PANDAS). However, this body of evidence has not yet been translated into a clinical setting.

Objective:

We will review the most important studies to date on PANDAS, emphasizing those whose advances could improve the diagnosis of these disorders. We also suggest the need for updated diagnosis criteria integrating the recent findings from the hereby included studies.

Methods:

Consulting the PubMed database, a literature review of the last twenty-one years (between 1998 and 2019) was carried out using the terms “PANDAS” and “pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders” in combination with “diagnosis” and “markers”. The search resulted in 175 hits from which we selected clinical cases, original investigations, and clinical reviews.

Results:

This review offers a compilation of the most important studies performed to date regarding the clinical presentation and potential biological markers of PANDAS. Moreover, we suggest the refinement of some aspects in the current diagnosis criteria, such as focusing on specific symptoms and the inclusion of neuroimaging and peripheral markers.

Conclusion:

The identification of specific biological markers in PANDAS is crucial for its diagnosis and opportune treatment. Future research will determine whether PANDAS require separated diagnostic and therapeutic measures or if it should be included in recently proposed categories such as Pediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) or Childhood Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (CANS).
Transperineal Laser Ablation Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Protocol for a Prospective In Vivo Pilot Study
Authors: van Kollenburg Rob A A , van Riel Luigi A M J G , Bloemen Paul R , Oddens Jorg R , de Reijke Theo M , Beerlage Harrie P , de Bruin Daniel Martijn
Published: September 2019

Background

Standard surgical treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) use a transurethral approach. Drawbacks are the need for general or spinal anesthesia and complications such as hematuria, strictures, and cloth retention. Therefore, a minimal invasive technique under local anesthesia is desired to improve patient safety. Recently, SoracteLite transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) has been introduced as a novel minimal invasive treatment for BPO. The system used is unique because 4 laser sources are independently available. This 1064-nm diode laser induces coagulative necrosis. Moreover, TPLA is unique because it has a transperineal approach and can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to determine the safety and feasibility of TPLA treatment for men, who are fit for standard surgery, with LUTS due to BPO. The secondary objectives are to determine functional outcomes by flowmetry and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), side effects, and tissue changes observed on imaging.

Methods

This study is a prospective, single center, interventional pilot study IDEAL framework stage 2a and will include 20 patients. Eligible patients are men ≥40 years of age, with a prostate volume of 30 to 120 cc, have urodynamically proven bladder outlet obstruction, and have a peak urinary flow of 5 to 15 mL per second. All patients will undergo TPLA of their prostate under local anesthesia by using the EchoLaser system. Depending on the prostate volume, 2 to 4 laser fibers will be placed bilaterally into the prostate. Patient follow-up consists of uroflowmetry, PROMs, and imaging by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Total follow-up is 12 months following treatment.

Results

Presently, recruitment of patients is ongoing. Publication of first results is expected by early 2020.

Conclusions

TPLA offers the potential to be a novel minimal invasive technique for treatment of LUTS due to BPO in men fit for standard desobstruction. This study will evaluate the safety and feasibility of TPLA and report on functional outcomes and tissue changes observed on imaging following TPLA treatment.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/15687
Snake Line Performance Applying Single Pixel X-Band MP Radar Data (Case of Mt. Merapi Area, Indonesia)
Authors: Hairani Ani , Rahardjo Adam Pamudji , Legono Djoko , Istiarto Istiarto
Published: September 2019

The short-duration-rainfall monitoring techniques have become important recently due to the high demand for disaster risk miti­gation. Such techniques produce important information on the rainfall intensity during heavy rainfall in the form of snake line. At the same time, use of X-Band Multi-Parameter Radar (XMP Radar) in rainfall monitoring has increased significantly be­cause of its capacity to cover wide area. An assessment on the snake line performance that was developed based on XMP Radar and ground rainfall monitoring instrument (i.e. Automatic Rainfall Recorder or ARR) has been applied to Mt. Merapi area, Java, Indonesia. Selected rainfall data of November-December 2018 were examined. The assessment used a single pixel of radar data at the location of the ARR. The result shows that rainfall data obtained from XMP Radar are lower than those from ARR. The computed snake line obtained from XMP Radar differs from that from ARR data. The XMP Radar underestimates the warning level by about two level out of four.
Participatory Management of School Operational Assistance Funds Program in the State Junior High School, South Tinombo
Authors: Latjani Tusutrisno S Dj , Santosa Achadi Budi , Suyata Suyata
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to investigate one of the policies of the Indonesian government in helping poor people to obtain an education through BOS (Indonesian: Bantuan Operasional Sekolah/the School Operational Assistance Funds Program). This program had raised students and student guardians suspicion due to the lack of transparent management. This study was conducted at two schools, the State High School SMPN 1 and SMPN Satap1, using a qualitative approach with descriptive techniques. The results indicated that community involvement in the management of BOS funds was quite effective. The management was in the form of direct involvement in school development meetings, preparation of RKAS (Rencana Kerja Anggaran Sekolah/School Activity and Budget Plans), and school committee meetings. Through the BOS meeting, the managers and those responsible for the BOS funds were appointed in a team which included the school principal, treasurer, teacher, and school committee. Disbursement of BOS funds was done every three months through the regional bank directly to schools for operational financing. The use of BOS funds always referred to the RKAS and required continuous supervision.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE FROM PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: G. R. GADEKAR  , S. S PATIL  , R. R. SHAH  , D. S. GHODKE
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study was undertaken to develop a rapid, simple, specific and economic ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method for estimating the Salbutamol Sulphate (SS) in pharmaceutical formulations.

Methods: The analysis was performed at λ max 276 nm using Sorenson’s isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7 (SIPB pH 7) as blank/diluent. The method was validated by following the analytical performance parameters as suggested by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) which included accuracy, precision, linearity.

Results: The drug follows the beer’s lambert’s law in the concentration range of 12.5-37.5μg/ml and exhibited good correlation coefficient (0.9997) and excellent mean recovery. Percentage RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. This method was successfully applied for the determination of the Salbutamol Sulphate in commercial brands of Indian market and the results were in good agreement with the label claims. The developed method was suitable and specific to the analysis of Salbutamol Sulphate even in the presence of common excipients.

Conclusion: The obtained results proved that the validated method can be employed for the routine analysis of Salbutamol Sulphate in bulk as well as in the commercial formulations.
MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SELECTED WETLANDS IN PANNISSERY AREA, THRISSUR DISTRICT, KERALA–A PRELIMINARY SURVEY
Authors: ATHIRA K. R.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Wetlands are vital ecosystem which provides livelihoods for millions of people who live within around them. Man depends on wetlands for most of his needs from time immemorial. The present study is a preliminary step for the identification of valuable medicinal plants in the wetlands of Pannissery area. This attempt was made since it is equally important to understand the traditional medicines and beliefs as well as to have scientific awareness for protection and conservation of the sewetlands.

Methods: Frequent field visits were carried out from September 2018 to January 2019 to collect different Wetland medicinal plants in Pannissery area, Kandanassery Panchayath, Thrissur district. Plants were collected carefully with hand and identified by using the standard literature such as Flora of the Presidency of Madras by J. S. Gamble, 1915-1936. The collected plants were authenticated by a plant Taxonomist Dr. Udayan. P. S. from the Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Sree Krishna College, Guruvayur.

Results: A slight alteration of the wetland may result in the disappearance or the extinction of these plants [1].

Conclusion: This will ultimately result in large scale economic loss in terms of the medicinal product. Apart from the loss of plants, this will also result in the loss of local knowledge on the medicinal properties of these plants which very often can't be retrieved. An attempt has been made to document some of the little known medicinal properties of wetland plants used by local community.
Receptor guanylyl cyclase (RGC) family (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Beuve Annie , Brouckaert Peter , Burnett, Jr. John C. , Friebe Andreas , Garthwaite John , Hobbs Adrian J. , Koesling Doris , Kuhn Michaela , Potter Lincoln R. , Russwurm Michael , Schmidt Harald H.H.W. , Stasch Johannes-Peter , Waldman Scott A.
Published: September 2019

The mammalian genome encodes transmembrane and soluble receptor guanylyl cyclases, both of which have enzyme activities which convert guanosine-5'-triphosphate to the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP).
GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Irving Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 (provisional nomenclature), although showing little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands [98]. Although there are multiple reports to indicate that GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 can be activated in vitro by N-arachidonoylglycine, lysophosphatidylinositol and N-oleoylethanolamide, respectively, there is a lack of evidence for activation by these lipid messengers in vivo. As such, therefore, these receptors retain their orphan status.
SLC1 family of amino acid transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Beart Philip M.
Published: September 2019

The SLC1 family of sodium dependent transporters includes the plasma membrane located glutamate transporters and the neutral amino acid transporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 [1, 49, 36, 37, 7].
Pattern recognition receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bryant Clare , Monie Tom P.
Published: September 2019

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs, [83]) (nomenclature as agreed by NC-IUPHAR sub-committee on Pattern Recognition Receptors, [15]) participate in the innate immune response to microbial agents, the stimulation of which leads to activation of intracellular enzymes and regulation of gene transcription. PRRs express multiple leucine-rich regions to bind a range of microbially-derived ligands, termed PAMPs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns or endogenous ligands, termed DAMPS or damage-associated molecular patterns. These include peptides, carbohydrates, peptidoglycans, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and nucleic acids. PRRs include both cell-surface and intracellular proteins. PRRs may be divided into signalling-associated members, identified here, and endocytic members, the function of which appears to be to recognise particular microbial motifs for subsequent cell attachment, internalisation and destruction. Some are involved in inflammasome formation, and modulation of IL-1β cleavage and secretion, and others in the initiation of the type I interferon response. PRRs included in the Guide To PHARMACOLOGY are:Catalytic PRRs (see links below this overview)Toll-like receptors (TLRs)Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs, also known as NOD (Nucleotide oligomerisation domain)-like receptors)RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)Caspase 4 and caspase 5 Non-catalytic PRRsAbsent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs)C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs)Other pattern recognition receptorsAdvanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (RAGE)
SLC51 family of steroid-derived molecule transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Dawson Paul A.
Published: September 2019

The SLC51 organic solute transporter family of transporters is a pair of heterodimeric proteins which regulate bile salt movements in the small intestine, bile duct, and liver, as part of the enterohepatic circulation [1, 3]. OSTα/OSTβ is also expressed in steroidogenic cells of the brain and adrenal gland, where it may contribute to steroid movement [4]. Bile acid transport is suggested to be facilitative and independent of sodium, potassium, chloride ions or protons [3, 1]. OSTα/OSTβ heterodimers have been shown to transport [3H]taurocholic acid, [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, [3H]estrone-3-sulphate, [3H]pregnenolone sulphate and [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [1, 3, 4]. OSTα/OSTβ-mediated transport of bile salts is inhibited by clofazimine [7]. OSTα is suggested to be a seven TM protein, while OSTβ is a single TM 'ancillary' protein, both of which are thought to have intracellular C-termini [5]. Both proteins function in solute transport and bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies suggest the possibility of OSTα homo-oligomers, as well as OSTα/OSTβ hetero-oligomers [5, 2]. An inherited mutation in OSTβ is associated with congenital diarrhea in children [6].
Chemerin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Monaghan Amy E.
Published: September 2019

Nomenclature for the chemerin receptors is presented as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [14, 41]). The chemoattractant protein and adipokine, chemerin, has been shown to be the endogenous ligand for both chemerin family receptors. Chemerin1 was the founding family member, and when GPR1 was de-orphanised it was re-named Chermerin2 [41]. Chemerin1 is also activated by the lipid-derived, anti-inflammatory ligand resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is formed via the sequential metabolism of EPA by aspirin-modified cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase [2, 3]. In addition, two GPCRs for resolvin D1 (RvD1) have been identified: FPR2/ALX, the lipoxin A4 receptor, and GPR32, an orphan receptor [43].
Parathyroid hormone receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bisello Alessandro , Chorev Michael , Friedman Peter A. , Gardella Tom , Hills Rebecca , Jueppner Harald , Martin T. John , Nissenson Robert A. , Potts, Jr. John Thomas , Silve Caroline , Usdin Ted B. , Vilardaga Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2019

The parathyroid hormone receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Parathyroid Hormone Receptors [47]) are family B G protein-coupled receptors. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTH1 receptor) is activated by precursor-derived peptides: PTH (84 amino acids), and PTHrP (141 amino-acids) and related peptides (PTH-(1-34), PTHrP-(1-36)). The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2 receptor) is activated by the precursor-derived peptide TIP39 (39 amino acids). [125I]PTH may be used to label both PTH1 and PTH2 receptors.
QRFP receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bagnol Didier , Bonner Tom I. , Carlebur Myrna , Davenport Anthony P. , Foord Stephen M. , Fukusumi Shoji , Granata Riccarda , Larhammar Dan , Leprince Jérôme , Maguire Janet J. , Primeaux Stefany D. , Vaudry Hubert
Published: September 2019

The human gene encoding the QRFP receptor (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the QRFP receptor [16]; QRFPR, formerly known as the Peptide P518 receptor), previously designated as an orphan GPCR receptor was identified in 2001 by Lee et al. from a hypothalamus cDNA library [15]. However, the reported cDNA (AF411117) is a chimera with bases 1-127 derived from chromosome 1 and bases 155-1368 derived from chromosome 4. When corrected, QRFPR (also referred to as SP9155 or AQ27) encodes a 431 amino acid protein that shares sequence similarities in the transmembrane spanning regions with other peptide receptors. These include neuropeptide FF2 (38%), neuropeptide Y2 (37%) and galanin Gal1 (35%) receptors.
Platelet-activating factor receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Hills Rebecca , Ishii Satoshi , Jancar Sonia , McIntyre Thomas , Ninio Ewa , O'Neill Chris , Oliveira Rios Francisco Jose , Travers Jeffery B. , Whittaker Mark
Published: September 2019

Platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is an ether phospholipid mediator associated with platelet coagulation, but also subserves inflammatory roles. The PAF receptor (provisional nomenclature recommended by NC-IUPHAR [37]) is activated by PAF and other suggested endogenous ligands are oxidized phosphatidylcholine [73] and lysophosphatidylcholine [96]. It may also be activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide [89].
Prokineticin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Hills Rebecca , Rondard Philippe , Sbai Oualid , Zhou Qun-Yong
Published: September 2019

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [23]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [65]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [41], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [44]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [48], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice.
Somatostatin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bosquet Corinne , Castaño Justo P. , Csaba Zsolt , Culler Micheal , Dournaud Pascal , Epelbaum Jacques , Feniuk Wasyl , Harmar Anthony , Hills Rebecca , Hofland Leo , Hoyer Daniel , Humphrey Patrick P. A. , Kreienkamp Hans-Jürgen , Lupp Amelie , Melmed Shlomo , Meyerhof Wolfgang , O'Carroll Anne-Marie , Patel Yogesh C. , Reisine Terry , Reubi Jean-Claude , Schindler Marcus , Schmid Herbert , Schonbrunn Agnes , Schulz Stefan , Taylor John E. , Tulipano Giovanni , Vezzani Annamaria , Wester Hans-Jürgen
Published: September 2019

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) is an abundant neuropeptide, which acts on five subtypes of somatostatin receptor (SST1-SST5; nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Somatostatin Receptors [89]). Activation of these receptors produces a wide range of physiological effects throughout the body including the inhibition of secretion of many hormones. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28). cortistatin-14 has also been suggested to be an endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors [56].
Trace amine receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bonner Tom I. , Davenport Anthony P. , Foord Stephen M. , Maguire Janet J. , Parker William A.E.
Published: September 2019

Trace amine-associated receptors were discovered from a search for novel 5-HT receptors [9], where 15 mammalian orthologues were identified and divided into two families. The TA1 receptor (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee for the Trace amine receptor [53]) has affinity for the endogenous trace amines tyramine, β-phenylethylamine and octopamine in addition to the classical amine dopamine [9]. Emerging evidence suggests that TA1 is a modulator of monoaminergic activity in the brain [90] with TA1 and dopamine D2 receptors shown to form constitutive heterodimers when co-expressed [28]. In addition to trace amines, receptors can be activated by amphetamine-like psychostimulants, and endogenous thyronamines.
Urotensin receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Douglas Stephen A. , Fournier Alain , Giaid Adel , Krum Henry , Lambert David G. , Leprince Jérôme , MacLean Margaret R. , Ohlstein Eliot H. , Thomas Walter G. , Tostivint Hervé , Vaudry David , Vaudry Hubert , Webb David J.
Published: September 2019

The urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the Urotensin receptor [26, 36, 89]) is activated by the endogenous dodecapeptide urotensin-II, originally isolated from the urophysis, the endocrine organ of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish [7, 88]. Several structural forms of U-II exist in fish and amphibians. The goby orthologue was used to identify U-II as the cognate ligand for the predicted receptor encoded by the rat gene gpr14 [20, 62, 68, 70]. Human urotensin-II, an 11-amino-acid peptide [20], retains the cyclohexapeptide sequence of goby U-II that is thought to be important in ligand binding [53, 11]. This sequence is also conserved in the deduced amino-acid sequence of rat urotensin-II (14 amino-acids) and mouse urotensin-II (14 amino-acids), although the N-terminal is more divergent from the human sequence [19]. A second endogenous ligand for the UT has been discovered in rat [83]. This is the urotensin II-related peptide, an octapeptide that is derived from a different gene, but shares the C-terminal sequence (CFWKYCV) common to U-II from other species. Identical sequences to rat urotensin II-related peptide are predicted for the mature mouse and human peptides [32]. UT exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid and galanin receptors [89].
Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Aldrich Richard , Chandy K. George , Grissmer Stephan , Gutman George A. , Kaczmarek Leonard K. , Wei Aguan D. , Wulff Heike
Published: September 2019

Calcium- and sodium- activated potassium channels are members of the 6TM family of K channels which comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, including the KCNQ subfamily, the EAG subfamily (which includes herg channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 6 or 7TM) and the Ca2+- and Na+-activated SK subfamily (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels [124]). As for the 2TM family, the pore-forming a subunits form tetramers and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. KV1.1 with KV1.2; KCNQ2 with KCNQ3).
1I. Vitamin D receptor-like receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Christakos Sylvia
Published: September 2019

Vitamin D (VDR), Pregnane X (PXR) and Constitutive Androstane (CAR) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [47]) are members of the NR1I family of nuclear receptors, which form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor family. PXR and CAR are activated by a range of exogenous compounds, with no established endogenous physiological agonists, although high concentrations of bile acids and bile pigments activate PXR and CAR [47].
S33: Prolyl aminopeptidase (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Doherty Patrick , Fowler Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

Peptidase family S33 contains mainly exopeptidases that act at the N-terminus of peptides.
RESEÑAS
Authors: Farfán Guillermo
Published: September 2019

-
Consolidación democrática y democracia de partidos en América Latina.
Authors: RAMOS JIMÉNEZ Alfredo
Published: September 2019

El problema de la democracia es ineludible dentro de la reflexión actual. En este artículo la democracia se aborda desde una perspectiva más institucional, buscando la construcción de modelos que respondan a la necesidad de los distintos países de América Latina.
El hombre y la mujer antes y en la modernidad. Del género vernáculo al sexismo económico.
Authors: MÁRQUEZ MUÑOZ Jorge Federico
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se intenta explorar en torno a la raíz y significado de "lo vernáculo"; profundizando en la relación hombre-mujer y el papel que juegan en la modernidad.
Ensayo biográfico de Fidel Velázquez Sánchez.
Authors: AGUILAR GARCÍA Javier
Published: September 2019

Fidel Velázquez ha ocupado la Secretaría General de la CTM durante más de cinco décadas. Su permanencia en el poder sindical y político de México es un caso poco frecuente en los países de América Latina y en otro muchos países. Este dirigente ha vivido más años que el partido en el poder, y desde luego ha participado en todas sus actividades fundamentales. Fidel Velázquez es, sin duda, el líder más destacado de la vida sindical mexicana. En este ensayo repasaremos sus principales actividades, desde que surgió como líder en 1923 hasta fines de los años noventas, en que se mantiene aún con mayor peso, tanto en el mundo sindical como en el político.
La concepción educativa de Karl Popper
Authors: SUÁREZ-IÑIGUEZ Enrique
Published: September 2019

Para el autor, Karl Popper no ha sido bien comprendido, pero sobre todo critica el poco valor e importancia de sus esbozos en torno a su concepción educativa. En este artículo, se esboza la importancia que tuvo la educación para Karl Popper desde sus años de juventud en el Instituto Pedagógico de Viena.
Sistema electoral y gobernabilidad.
Authors: NAVARRO FIERRO Carlos
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de presentar una serie de elementos y argumentos que ayuden a comprender el papel que se jugó con los paquetes de reformas constitucionales y legales involucrados en los ajustes e innovaciones para integrar la Cámara de Diputados durante el periodo 1977-1993.
Sobre la fe en el determinismo económico.
Authors: POLANYI Karl , PAGALDAR Laura
Published: September 2019

La tesis fundamental que se expresa en este artículo es: a) El determinismo económico fue, sobre todo, un fenómeno del siglo XIX, que sólo fue efectivo bajo la forma de un sistema de mercado, b) El sistema de mercado distorsionó violentamente nuestros puntos de vista sobre el hombre y la sociedad y por último, c) Estos puntos distorsionados constituyen uno de los principales obstáculos para la solución de problemas de nuestra civilización.
Política y humanismo (A propósito del fracaso del pensamiento político).
Authors: FLORES CORRALES Otilio
Published: September 2019

El título de este trabajo congrega a tres elementos que no siempre han significado sinonimia: política, humanismo y pensamiento político. Cada noción obedece a una historicidad conceptual en su nivel de categoría, y este breve ensayo pretende esclarecer, problematizar y fundir tales significados para pensar el grado de eficacia del pensamiento político en las realidades políticas que dan testimonios de los tiempos vividos o, en suma, del fracaso de la razón y del pensamiento político en las estructuras metales Occidentales.
Y después de la muerte de Dios... ¿qué?
Authors: IBÁÑEZ Tomás
Published: September 2019

Una de las dimensiones que estructuran la sensibilidad emancipativa de la izquierda es una marcada desconfianza hacia las creencias religiosas en seres trascendentes y particularmente en la figura de un Dios todo poderoso. Por ello, el autor desarrolla, a partir de Heidegger, Nietzsche y Foucault la relación paradójica entre el pensamiento de izquierda y la muerte de Dios.
Lo diferencial en Lyotard.
Authors: ARREOLA RUEDA Edwin Alberto
Published: September 2019

Este artículo entabla una reflexión en torno a la postmodernidad, vista desde la perspectiva del filosofo francés Jean François Lyotard.
El rey nunca va desnudo.
Authors: DURAND Gilbert
Published: September 2019

El original en francés Le Roi n'est jamais un fue publicado en el número 2 de la revista Cahiers de I'imaginaire du politique, Toulouse, Francia, Ed., Privat, 1988.
Democracia y participación social.
Authors: RAMÍREZ MEDINA Valeriano
Published: September 2019

El artículo trata de explicar la doble relación que existe entre las instituciones y el individuo. Se trata de analizar los elementos de las organizaciones sociales.
Vigencia de la sociedad civil.
Authors: GONZÁLEZ PEDRERO Enrique
Published: September 2019

Texto presentado en la "Semana de la Ciencia Política", FCPyS, UNAM, abril de 1998.
Metodología para el análisis político: árboles relacionales y mapeo de fuerzas.
Authors: BAENA PAZ Guillermina
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se demuestra como las técnicas deben ser sistematizadas y trabajadas con ciertos procedimientos detallados para extraer de ellas el mejor provecho posible. En algunos temas se requiere del refinamiento de técnicas utilizadas de manera empírica. Por ello, en la investigación se presentan dos diferentes metodologías para elaborar análisis político: los árboles relacionales y el mapeo de fuerzas políticas.
Politician’s Dilema. Building State Capacity in Latin America.
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ A. Omar Alberto , RODRÍGUEZ Moisés Omar
Published: September 2019

Barbara Geddes, Politician´s Dilema. Building State capacity in Latin America, University of California Berkeley Press, 1994.
Reflexiones acerca del concepto de comunicación en Niklas Luhmann.
Authors: LINCE CAMPILLO Rosa María
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se presentan una serie de reflexiones a tomar en cuenta para comprender mejor el concepto de comunicación en Luhmann.
La faceta histórica e institucional del Estado moderno.
Authors: AGUILERA HINTELHOLHER Rina
Published: September 2019

En la actualidad los Estados viven inmersos en procesos de cambio y modernización. Se reforman para adaptarse a los imperativos de la sociedad civil. El Estado moderno tiene historia, protagonistas y medios de acción. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar puntos medulares que se relacionan con el ser, la condición y la razón de Estado.
El Servicio Civil: requisito de la Administración Pública para el siglo XXI.
Authors: CISNEROS GUZMÁN Raúl
Published: September 2019

El autor plantea la necesidad de una burocracia y un servicio civil que administren el aparato del Estado. Que las personas que ingresen al servicio público consideren el desempeño de un cargo como una profesión no como un empleo. Para ello se requieren profundas reformas y mecanismos que evalúen la capacidad, aptitudes y habilidades como fundamento al ingreso al servicio público y no por su pertenencia a grupos políticos. Asimismo, pone en tela de juicio que la promoción se efectúa con base en la antigüedad sin tomar en consideración el mérito y la valoración de los servicios prestados.
EL buen gobierno.
Authors: SUÁREZ-IÑIGUEZ Enrique
Published: September 2019

En ese artículo el autor sostiene que en México hemos perdido por completa en el terreno político la visión de qué es lo verdaderamente importante. Por confusiones teóricas y por corrupción de costumbres hemos olvidado de qué trata la política y en particular lo que es un buen gobierno. El autor analiza lo que algunos de los principales filósofos políticos de todos los tiempos han dicho sobre el buen gobierno y concluye con cuatro funciones que todo buen gobierno desde cumplir prioritariamente.
El socialismo hacia el siglo XXI
Authors: SÁNCHEZ MÚGICA Álfonso
Published: September 2019

Weber, Henri, La Revue Socialiste; Núm. 1, "Socialisme européen. Vers une nouvelle voie", 170 pp., Primavera 1999 y Núm. 2, "Aprés le Kosovo. La gauche, la Nation et la guerre", 218 pp., Octubre 1999.
La historia comienza en Sumer, una historia de Dioses. Termina con guerras y demonios
Authors: OCAÑA JIMÉNEZ Lucila
Published: September 2019

Este ensayo es un homenaje a Samuel Noah Kramer, quien dedicó muchos años de su vida al desciframiento de las tablillas cuneiformes de la primera civilización, la de los sumerios. La obra de Kramer contribuyó a conocer los logros de esta civilización, dejo un valioso material que es poco apreciado fuera de los círculos de los especialistas en el Antiguo Cercano Oriente. Se rescatan sobre todo los mitos sumerios con el fin de difundir y recrear su cosmovisión y los valores que orientaban la vida cotidiana de ese pueblo, a través de los mitos se reconocen aspectos fundamentales de esa cultura. Una reflexión final destaca los aspectos que contribuyeron al fin de su civilización y la decadencia de su sistema de valores.
Representatividad sindical y representación política del Congreso del Trabajo.
Authors: RENDÓN CORONA Armando
Published: September 2019

El artículo "Representativa sindical y representación política" trata sobre la crisis estructural del sindicalismo corporativo representado por el Congreso del Trabajo a partir de la drástica caída de la tasa de sindicación, agravada por la existencia de numerosos sindicatos ficticios que administran contratos de protección, fenómenos que han incidido en la reducción de la cuota de representación política, especialmente parlamentaria, que el PRI la concedía, lo que a su vez refleja la descomposición del partido de Estado.
Trayectoria y perspectivas del Congreso del Trabajo en el siglo XXI
Authors: AGUILAR GARCÍA Javier
Published: September 2019

Se analiza la trayectoria política y laboral del Congreso del Trabajo (CT) en el periodo 1966-2000. La vida del CT tiene que ver en sus relaciones con el Estado y el conjunto de los asalariados mexicanos. La dimensión laboral o social del CT implica su papel y política para mejorar o disminuir los ingresos reales de los trabajadores. La dimensión política del CT implica el apoyo mutuo que existe entre el CT y el Estado. Ambas líneas de política del CT se visualizan en dos períodos, uno de fuerte expansión y contracción (1966-1982) y otro de reestructuración y modernización económica (1983-2000). Para finalizar se evalúan rápidamente los efectos de estas políticas en el terreno social y político-electoral.
La investigación en las Universidades Públicas Estatales
Authors: SUÁREZ-IÑIGUEZ Enrique
Published: September 2019

La investigación científica en nuestro país se realiza, fundamentalmente, en las universidades públicas, con frecuencia tan injustamente criticadas. La sociedad poco sabe del contenido e influencia de esas investigaciones. En este trabajo se da una visión panorámica del tiempo de investigación realizada en las Universidades Públicas Estatales -en todas las ciencias- y de su contribución a la solución de problemas locales, regionales o nacionales.