bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrophage polarization in sarcoidosis
Authors: Malysheva I. E. , Tikhonovich E. L. , Oleinik E. K. , Topchieva L. V. , Balan O. V.
Published: March 2021

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas, multisystem lesions with a certain frequency of involvement of various organs, mainly the lungs (up to 90% of cases). Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, the important role of immunological, genetic and environmental factors in the development of this pathology has been established. It is believed that the leading mechanism in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is the aberrant activation of the innate and adaptive immune response to unidentified antigen(s), which leads to the development of granulomatous inflammation and the formation of granulomas. However, despite the huge number of studies that has been carried out, the mechanisms and signaling pathways that control the development of the inflammatory process during the formation of granulomas and the progression of pathology have not been fully determined.

This literature review examines the important role of various cytokines and T helper subpopulations in sarcoidosis. Particular attention is paid to the cells of innate immunity – macrophages in the pathogenesis of this disease. These cells play a key role in the formation of sarcoid granulomas and in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. The macrophage population is characterized by plasticity and functional heterogeneity. In response to various signals from the microenvironment, macrophages are able to acquire certain phenotypes. The review considers the issues of polarization of macrophages, changes in the phenotype of these cells to subpopulations M1 (M1 phenotype; classically activated; pro-inflammatory) and M2 (M2 phenotype; alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory). These two cell populations are characterized by the expression of different markers on their surface, which allow these cells to differentiate from each other. The analysis of literature data on the levels of key polarizing cytokines for macrophages and cells-producers of these cytokines that patients with sarcoidosis have, in acute and chronic course of the disease, was carried out.

Important aspects of the alternative activation of macrophages of the M2 phenotype and their division into subtypes: M2a, M2b, M2c, M2d are noted. The features of various subtypes’ activation of macrophages in this granulomatosis and their importance in the development and progression of pathology are considered. Studying the role of macrophages’ phenotypes, understanding the mechanisms by which the phenotypes of these cells are activated and modulated in various microenvironmental conditions, can contribute to the development and implementation into clinical practice of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of sarcoidosis and many other forms of pathologies.
Populational composition of CD4+5RA/ CD4+5RO positive t lymphocytes and cytokine profile in children with allergic respiratory diseases
Authors: Turyanskaya A. I. , Plekhova N. G. , Sabynych V. A. , Procekova E. V.
Published: March 2021

The changing states of T cell populations responsible for the chronic course of allergic inflammation and diseases, including allergic bronchial asthma, are not yet sufficiently characterized. The aim of this study was to detect phenotypic changes in the CD45RA/CD45RO positive T lymphocytes and the level of regulatory cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17А, IL-17F) in allergic respiratory diseases (ARD) in children. In blood of 90 children aged 3-11 (60 children with ARD and 30 healthy peers) were studied of the immune cellular populations and cytokine indices. The levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-17F in blood serum of children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis differed from appropriate indices in control group (p = 0.001). The quantity of CD3+CD8+CD45RACD45RO+cells, T helpers (p < 0.05) and Th effectors simultaneously expressing both isoforms of the CD45RA+and CD45RO receptor in peripheral blood of children with ARD significantly exceeded those in control group (p < 0.001). In healthy children, Th17 population (CD3+CD4+CD196 lymphocytes) comprised 9.49±1.6% of CD3+CD4+of cells, the number of such lymphocytes was significantly increased to 14.5±0.77 in children with allergic diseases (p < 0.001). Absolute numbers of Th17+ cells were 93.0±9.30 and 127,0±72.0 cells/µl respectively (p = 0.002). Indicators of CD4CD45RO positive memory cells in children with ARD was determined as significantly lower (p < 0.001), whereas quantity of CD3+CD19+proved to be higher (p < 0.05) than in healthy peers. Absolute counts of these cells did not differ between the groups. The number of CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocytes was significantly higher in children with allergic diseases (p < 0.025). This research shows that the quantitative ratio of CD3+CD8+CD45RA+and CD3+CD8+CD45RO+populations of T cells, and increased levels of cytokines, synthesizable via Th2 and Th17, in peripheral blood may be helpful for understanding genesis of allergic respiratory diseases, and extends our knowledge on immune mechanisms of allergic disorders for individualization of therapeutic programs.
Phage therapy in antibiotic resistant pneumonia: immunomodulation or redistribution?
Authors: Bochkareva S. S. , Fedorova I. M. , Ershova O. N. , Koteleva S. I. , Kapustin I. V. , Blyakher M. S. , Novikova L. I. , Aleshkin A. V. , Vorobev А. М.
Published: March 2021

Our report concerns the observations made during the treatment of pneumonia with individually selected bacteriophages in HCAI patients on mechanical ventilation. 19 patients on mechanical ventilation whose condition was complicated by antibiotic-resistant pneumonia were examined. The treatment of patients was supplemented with phage therapy, bacteriophages were selected individually for each patient, taking into account the microbial etiology of the disease (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Кlebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii). Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes was carried out using 2-3-parameter flow cytometry. The functional activity of blood leukocytes was assessed by their ability to produce IFNα and IFNγ during cultivation. The level of interferons production in supernatants collected after cultivation was quantitatively evaluated both by their concentration (ELISA, reagents from “Vector-Best-Europe”, Russia) and by their biological activity. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 6 program according to the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. In the course of successful phage therapy with individually selected bacteriophages overcoming of lymphopenia (if there was one) and an increase in both the number and functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in all patients with pneumonia observed are noted. The relationship between the microbial load (mono- or mixed infection, the number of CFU pathogens of pneumonia, the need for repeated courses of phage therapy) and the degree of deficiency in one or another subpopulation of lymphocytes was not detected. Activation of the immune system achieved after one course of phage therapy was maintained for at least 3 weeks after phage administration was discontinued.
Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Uspenskiy Yu. P. , Baryshnikova N. V. , Suvorov A. N. , Svarval A. V.
Published: March 2021

Helicobacter pylori is detected in the human intestine on average in 35% of clinical cases, but the question about its etiopathogenetic role in intestinal diseases has not been fully investigated. Many scientists study a relationship between the H. pylori persistence and development of various bowel diseases. Diverse viewpoints have been proposed regarding a potential link between H. pylori and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here we review the data from domestic and foreign studies aimed at examining potential role of H. pylori both as a trigger and protector resulting in the pathogenetic alterations leading to developing Crohn‘s disease and ulcerative colitis. The former is favored by the hypothesis wherein H. pylori may trigger IBD due to potential connection between extragastric infection and its direct damaging action as well as indirect effects contributing to the initiation of oxidative stress, autoimmune aggression and development of intestinal dysbiosis. In addition, the effects of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. promoting IBD pathogenesis are discussed. The mechanisms underlying the protective role of H. pylori infection may be driven via differentially expressed acute and/or chronic local inflammatory mucosal response able to downmodulate systemic immune responses and suppress autoimmune reactions, as well as skewing host immune response from a pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cell-mediated towards regulatory T-cell response. Moreover, it was found that H. pylori may induce production of antibacterial peptides counteracting potentially pathogenic bacteria involved in IBD pathogenesis. In particular, it was found that IBD patients are dominated with moderate active antral gastritis coupled to atrophy, with the peak intensity observed in patients under 30 years of age. Intensity of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa of IBD patients accounted for by the duration of the disease course. Basal IBD therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid lowers severity and activity of gastritis, degree of atrophy as well as magnitude H. pylori invasion in the gastric mucosa. There is evidence that 5-aminosalicylic acid-containing drugs may result in a so-called “spontaneous eradication” of H. pylori infection. Extended investigations are required to examine a role of H. pylori in IBD pathogenesis.
To the question regarding accuracy of COVID-2019 laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Kulichenko A. N. , Sarkisyan N. S.
Published: March 2021

Issues of accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of PCR-analysis depending on features of performing preanalytical and analytical stages of laboratory diagnostics of COVID-19, as well as comparing PCR and lung computed tomography (CT) results have been analyzed in the study. Currently, a molecular genetic test based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for diagnostics of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). As of November 1, 2020, more than 750 million PCR tests have been conducted globally. Evidence accumulated by now allows to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific PCR as high as 82—91% and 99—100%, respectively. In addition, increased PCR sensitivity may be noted upon performing repeated testing of the upper respiratory tract samples comprising 82.2% during the primary analysis that was further elevated up to 90.6% after two consecutive tests. A whole set of factors affect the PCR accuracy. In particular, false negative data might result from insufficient amount of virus-coupled genetic material in the sample, timeframe and mistakes made upon selecting biological samples. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was detected at the maximum diagnostic sensitivity in the upper respiratory tract 1—3 days before the onset of symptoms and sustained within the 5—6 days after disease onset. Such period of time is associated with the peak risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. On week 2 after disease onset, there have been noted elevated rate of detecting viral RNA in bronchopulmonary samples. The duration of detecting virus-related markers (including those found in the absence of viable virus forms) correlates with disease severity and may last for as long as 1—2 months. Another real-world issue related to PCR analysis is posed by an opportunity of obtaining false positive data, which solution requires high level organized laboratory research, especially in case large-scale studies. Upon that, it is worth noting that positive PCR results may account for detecting solely certain RNA-related fragments present in any sample, rather than a viable virus. It was noted that PCR in comparison to CT analysis demonstrates higher specificity, but does not allow to distinguish pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 from pneumonia caused by other etiological agents (up to 25% false positive results). However, the diagnostic CT sensitivity was 97.2% that exceeds such parameter for PCR by 10—15%. It was concluded that the approach combining use of both PCR and CT by taking into account their own features as well as factors affecting the accuracy of the data obtained, allows us to correctly interpret the diagnostical results.
Lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para vigilância no âmbito do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos do Brasil
Authors: Cardoso-dos-Santos Augusto César , Medeiros-de-Souza Ana Cláudia , Bremm João Matheus , Alves Ronaldo Fernandes Santos , Araújo Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de , Leite Júlio Cesar Loguercio , Schuler-Faccini Lavínia , Sanseverino Maria Teresa Vieira , Karam Simone de Menezes , Félix Têmis Maria , Leal Mariana Bertol , Macário Eduardo Marques , Medeiros Arnaldo Correia de , França Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo Definir a lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para o aprimoramento do registro no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Métodos A partir da Décima Revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10), protocolos internacionais e reuniões com especialistas, a lista de anomalias prioritárias foi construída considerando-se dois critérios principais: ser diagnosticável ao nascimento; e possuir intervenção disponível em diferentes níveis. A lista foi submetida a apreciação da Sociedade Brasileira de Genética Médica e Genômica. Resultados Compuseram a lista oito grupos de anomalias congênitas distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de anomalia relacionada, bem como a parte do corpo afetada e sua correspondência ao código do capítulo XVII da CID-10. Conclusão A lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para notificação fornece subsídios para o aprimoramento do registro no Sinasc.
Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde e posição dos usuários no espaço social em Salvador, Bahia, 2006: um estudo transversal
Authors: Melo Daiane Celestino , Vieira-da-Silva Ligia Maria , Cunha Alcione Brasileiro Oliveira , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Cruz Shirley Andrade
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre posição social e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal em unidades da rede básica de saúde de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, onde foi implementado um plano para melhorar a acessibilidade. Empregou-se teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística. Resultados: Participaram 467 usuários, dos quais 75,6% não concluíram o ensino médio, 78,7% tinham renda inferior a dois salários mínimos e 51,8% exerciam ocupações intermediárias/qualificadas. Renda baixa associou-se a chegar na unidade de saúde na noite anterior ou antes das 8h (odds ratio = 2,09 - IC95% 1,13;3,87) e dispender mais tempo para marcar consulta (odds ratio = 2,13 - IC95% 1,05;4,31). Ocupação elementar associou-se ao agendamento presencial da consulta (odds ratio = 1,68 - IC95% 1,14;2,45). Escolaridade e trajetória social não mostraram associação significante com utilização de serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Permaneceram desigualdades sociais no acesso aos serviços após intervenção para melhoria da acessibilidade.
Análise espacial da tuberculose em menores de 15 anos de idade e risco socioeconômico: um estudo ecológico na Paraíba, 2007-2016
Authors: Mendes Micheline da Silveira , Oliveira André Luiz Sá de , Pimentel Lílian Maria Lapa Montenegro , Figueiredo Tânia Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de , Schindler Haiana Charifker
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose em indivíduos menores de 15 anos de idade e fatores socioeconômicos na Paraíba, Brasil, 2007-2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, sendo o município a unidade de análise. Realizou-se distribuição espacial da incidência, aplicou-se o método bayesiano empírico local e a estatística de Moran. Dados socioeconômicos foram cruzados, para identificação das áreas de prosperidade social. Resultados: Foram notificados 426 casos, com incidência média de 4,5/100 mil habitantes. O índice de Moran foi de 0,59 (p-valor=0,010). O Moran Map revelou concentração de casos em menores de 15 anos em 38 municípios com alta prioridade da atenção, em conglomerados nos padrões alto-alto e baixo-baixo, nas regiões leste e noroeste do estado, coincidindo com áreas de baixa prosperidade social. Conclusão: Houve clusters com maior transmissão da tuberculose, apontando áreas prioritárias para abordagem da tuberculose.
Kidney Function after Treatment for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Wang Mingjuan , Krasin Matthew , Srivastava DeoKumar , Onder Songul , Jay Dennis W. , Ness Kirsten K. , Greene William , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Shelton Kyla C. , Zhu Liang , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M.
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement

Although associations of treatment for childhood cancer with acute kidney toxicity are well described, evidence informing late kidney sequelae is less robust. The authors evaluated the prevalence of and factors associated with increased odds for kidney impairment in a large cohort of adult survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed ≥10 years earlier. About 2.1% had stages 3–5 CKD. Factors associated with stages 3–5 CKD included treatment ever with a calcineurin inhibitor, increasing cumulative dose of certain chemotherapy agents, increasing volume of kidney irradiated to ≥5 or ≥10 Gy, nephrectomy (in patients who received radiation to the kidney) in models for higher–radiation therapy dose-volume exposures, and others. These findings may inform surveillance guidelines for survivors of childhood cancer and the design of future treatment regimens.

Background

Survivors of childhood cancer may be at increased risk for treatment-related kidney dysfunction. Although associations with acute kidney toxicity are well described, evidence informing late kidney sequelae is less robust.

Methods

To define the prevalence of and risk factors for impaired kidney function among adult survivors of childhood cancer who had been diagnosed ≥10 years earlier, we evaluated kidney function (eGFR and proteinuria). We abstracted information from medical records about exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, surgery, and radiation treatment and evaluated the latter as the percentage of the total kidney volume treated with ≥5 Gy (V5), ≥10 Gy (V10), ≥15 Gy (V15), and ≥20 Gy (V20). We also used multivariable logistic regression models to assess demographic and clinical factors associated with impaired kidney function and Elastic Net to perform model selection for outcomes of kidney function.

Results

Of the 2753 survivors, 51.3% were men, and 82.5% were non-Hispanic White. Median age at diagnosis was 7.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.3–13.2), and mean age was 31.4 years (IQR, 25.8–37.8) at evaluation. Time from diagnosis was 23.2 years (IQR, 17.6–29.7). Approximately 2.1% had stages 3–5 CKD. Older age at evaluation; grade ≥2 hypertension; increasing cumulative dose of ifosfamide, cisplatin, or carboplatin; treatment ever with a calcineurin inhibitor; and volume of kidney irradiated to ≥5 or ≥10 Gy increased the odds for stages 3–5 CKD. Nephrectomy was significantly associated with stages 3–5 CKD in models for V15 or V20.

Conclusions

We found that 2.1% of our cohort of childhood cancer survivors had stages 3–5 CKD. These data may inform screening guidelines and new protocol development.
Czechoslovak Female Athletes at the International Scene During the Interwar Period between WWI and WWII
Authors: Vostatková Pavlína
Published: March 2021

Between the two world wars, women athletics got emancipated, as both sport successes and the viewers’ interest contributed to the International Olympic Committee and International Amateur Athletic Federation topmen to accept women athletics. The representatives of the Czechoslovak Federation of Handball and Female Sports and other women sports contributed largely to the development and emancipation of women athletics, and were present at the foundation of the world federation. The women’s athletics popularity for European sport public rose mostly thanks to the stars of the track, throw, and jump disciplines at the international events. Women athletes from Poland and Czechoslovakia held up in the competition of big sporting powers, notwithstanding their much more humble training possibilities. This paper focused on the most successful Czechoslovak women athletes that were able to achieve interesting results at the biggest women athletics events and managed to change the historical world tables in athletics. Used sources included their period contemporary journals and magazines and some till now unpublished registry data.
Understanding Platform Resistance
Authors: Woodcock Jamie
Published: March 2021

Drawing back from specific examples to consider resistance against platform capitalism this chapter shifts the analytical lens to consider key issues in a wider context, including considering how workers build power in different situations. This involves developing the three parts of the book’s argument: the role of technology and the technical composition of work, the importance of social composition for understanding how workers engage with work and resistance, and the varying forms of struggle that constitute political composition.
Inteligencia Artificial, algoritmos y libertad de expresión
Authors: Larrondo Manuel Ernesto , Grandi Nicolas Mario
Published: March 2021

La Inteligencia Artificial puede presentarse como un aliado al momento de moderar contenidos violentoso de noticias aparentes, pero su utilización sin intervención humana que contextualice y traduzca adecuadamente la expresión deja abierto el riesgo de que se genere censura previa En la actualidad esto se encuentra en debate dentro del ámbito internacional dado que, al carecer la Inteligencia Artificial de la capacidad para contextualizar lo que modera, se ésta presentando más como una herramienta de censura previa indiscriminada, que como una moderación en busca de proteger la libertad de expresión.Por ello luego de analizar la legislación internacional, informes de organismos internacionales y lostérminos y condiciones de Twitter y Facebook, sugerimos cinco propuesta tendientes a mejorar la moderación algorítmica de contenidos.En primer término proponemos que los Estados compatibilicen sus legislaciones internas respetando losestándares internacionales de libertad de expresión. También instamos a que desarrollo en políticas públicasconsistentes en implementar legislaciones protectoras de las condiciones laborales de supervisores humanos sobre las decisiones automatizadas de remoción de contenido. Por su parte, entendemos que las redes sociales deben presentar términos y condiciones claros y consistentes, adoptar políticas internas de transparencia y rendición de cuentas acerca de cómo opera la IA en la difusión y remoción de contenido en línea y, finalmente, deben realizar evaluaciones previas de impacto de su IA a los derechos humanos.
Biyokütle kaynaklarının proximate bileşimleri ile üst ısı değerleri arasında yeni bir denklem geliştirilmesi ve denklemin başarısının araştırılması
Authors: TAŞAR Şeyda
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, biyokütle kaynaklarının üst ısı değerlerinin (ÜID) tahmini için proximate analizlerine dayanan yeni bir denklem geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, termal dönüşüm süreçlerinde hammadde olarak kullanılabilecek biyokütle kaynaklarını temsilen on farklı biyokütle örneği seçilmiştir. Bu örneklerin kalori tayinler ve proximate analizleri yapılmış ve bir denklem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen denklem kullanılarak biyokütle kaynaklarının hesaplanan ÜID değerleri ve deneysel ÜID değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca mutlak sapma ve yüzde hata değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra, biyokütle kaynaklarının proximate analiz verileri ile kalorifik değerleri arasında bir ilişki kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. MATLAB 2019A programı ile elde edilen denkleminin başarısı, literatürde bulunan 17 farklı denklemlerle kıyaslanmıştır. Geliştirilen denklemin başarısının diğer eşitliklerden yüksek olduğu, regresyon katsayısının 1 ve mutlak sapma değerlerinin sıfır olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, geliştirilen denklemin literatürdeki farklı biyokütle örneklerinin kalorifik değerlerinin tahminindeki başarısı da araştırılmıştır. Bu aşamada da 18 farklı biyokütle kaynağı kullanılmıştır ve denklemin mutlak sapma, yüzde hata ve regresyon katsayıları tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerler sırasıyla 0.91 kJ/g(max.), % 4.3 (max.) ve 0.91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen denkleminin diğer biyokütle kaynakları içinde oldukça başarılı sonuçlar verdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
BFM speed recording with back-focal-plane interferometry v1
Authors: Pilizota Teuta , Krasnopeeva Ekaterina , Rosko Jerko
Published: March 2021

The speed of bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is measured with back-focal-plane interferometry. Heavily attenuated optical trap (855 nm laser) is used to detect the rotation of a polystyrene bead attached to a truncated flagellar filament. Time course of the bead rotation is recorded with the position-sensitive detector.
General bacteria and archaea 16S-rRNA (515Fmod-806Rmod) for Illumina amplicon sequencing v4
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: March 2021

Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and therefore the primers are synthisized with the CS1 and CS2 regions.
A Study on the Rock Art of the Tongtian River Basin, Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Wenjing Zhang , Xiaokun Wang
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the Yushu Museum has conducted a systematic investigation on the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin in its prefecture and newly discovered 1230 panels’ rock art (more than 1700 images). This paper is a statistical and comparative analysis of the newly discovered rock art. According to content and production techniques, we divided the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin into two big areas. The West Area is the upper part of the river basin, which is the area above the confluence of Tongtian River and Chumar River (Qumalai River); the East Area is the lower part of the river basin, which is from the confluence to the Batang estuary of Yushu. This area can be subdivided into three subareas. The majority of the Tongtian River Basin’s rock art is categorized as animal type. Yak and deer are respectively the main themes of the West Area and the East Area. In addition, there are other rock art types like symbol, character, pagoda, carriage and so on. The two areas have both commonalities and their own characteristics. Through the typological analysis of production techniques, in the cases of carriage rock art, and deer rock art, we think that the rock art mainly used the whole-image chiseling technique. This technique can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty; the rock art mainly chiseled linearly is dated to the early Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period; the rock art that was creates with the line carving technique is dated to the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty; the rock art that was creates with the grind carving technique can be dated back to the Qin and Han dynasties; and the rock art mainly used scratching technique can be traced back to the Ancient Tibetan Empire Period (618-842 AD)
USE OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOOLS AND CAPABILITY OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF UNDERGROUND WATERS
Authors: Ostroukh О. , Chomko D. , Ostroukh V. , Pidlisetska I.
Published: March 2021

The results of the study of the ecological-hydrogeochemical state of the underground waters of the Chop-Mukachevo basin and the identification of its spatio-temporal changes in the chemical composition using GIS facilities are presented. The methodology for processing the initial hydrogeological data on the basis of geographic information technologies has been improved and tested on the example of spatio-temporal changes in the indicators of chemical composition. A specialized geoinformation database of the chemical composition of groundwater has been created. The evaluation of spatio-temporal patterns of changes in the chemical composition using statistical analysis, cartographic modeling, and spatial analysis in GIS, identified areas with increased salinity and hardness of groundwater. Based on an integrated approach, zoning was performed and the current hydrogeochemical state of the groundwater resources of the study area was evaluated.
Parallel Genetic Algorithms for Ground Water Pollution due to Dumping of Solid Wastes
Authors: Braun Christin
Published: March 2021

Groundwater asset the executives is a difficult issue looked by practically all the nations. Numerical models of these issues frequently end up being not well characterized subject to a few factors and requirements. This examination is centred on the variety of physico-substance boundaries in water tests undergone with 2 unique destinations. The Dissolved Oxygen substance and Total Dissolved Solids substance of a large portion of the examples are past as far as possible. The chloride satisfied close to the dump-site is seen as extremely high contrasted with the non-dirtied site. Refined calculations are required so as to manage such issues. In the consideration has been paid to heuristic strategies like hereditary calculations and so on which can undoubtedly take care of such issues. Further, so as to handle the enormous number of included boundaries in these issues equal form of GAs is more successful than the fundamental gallium. In this magazine, an endeavour is finished to audit the use of equal variant of GA on groundwater contamination issues.
Epidemiological risks and lessons from the first wave of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in medical organizations
Authors: Sisin Yevgeniy I. , Golubkova All A. , Kozlova Irina I. , Ostapenko Nadezhda A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:Health workers, who have been at the forefront of efforts to counter the COVID-19 pandemic, have become one of the main risk groups for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection of medical workers and the development of measures to protect them is an urgent task.
AIMS:Study of epidemiological risks and features of the incidence of COVID-19 in medical organizations for the development of proposals for the adjustment of preventive and anti-epidemic measures in the context of a new wave of coronavirus infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:We examined reporting forms an overview of cases with positive COVID-19 (138 items), an overview of cases of community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19 (138 units), the card of epidemiological investigation of the disease COVID-19 health workers (386 units of information), copies of Acts of epidemiological investigation of infectious (parasitic) diseases, establishing causal relationships (47 units of information), copies of extraordinary reports about the emergency situation of sanitary-and-epidemiologic nature (47 items).
RESULTS:The incidence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (40.1) correlated with the same indicator in the adult population and was 2.6 times higher. The incidence of pneumonia and COVID-19 deaths in health care workers and adults did not differ. The complete set of personal protective equipment was observed in contact with the sick from 100.0 to 62.5% in various departments. More than half of the affected employees had a source of infection in the immediate environment, in 63.2% of cases it was colleagues. The most likely places of infection were places of work (66.8%) and places of residence (30.3%).
CONCLUSIONS:The epidemic process of coronavirus infection among employees of medical organizations correlated with theincidence of adult population had a higher incidence rate than among them, without differing in severity and outcomes of COVID-19.The prevalence of morbidity in medical organizations was the predominance among the affected employees of medical organizations. Conditions that contribute to infection were various violations of preventive and anti-epidemic measures, including the use of personal protective equipment.
Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Tarım İşletmelerinde Oluşan İş Kazaları ve Etkili Faktörler
Authors: GİZLENCİ İsmail , AYBEK Ali
Published: March 2021

Çalışmada Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi tarım işletmelerinde oluşan iş kazaları ve etkili faktörler belirlenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla bölgeyi oluşturan illerin tarımsal özelliklerini yansıtacak her ilden; merkez ve üç ilçeden toplam 166 işletme sayısı oransal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Veriler anket aracılığı ile işletme sahipleri ya da sorumluları ile yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgedeki tarım işletmelerinin %21.1’inde iş kazaları gerçekleşmiştir. Kazalara sırası ile tarım makinaları, tarım traktörleri, elektrik çarpması, hayvanlar ve diğer araçlar neden olmuştur. Kazalar; şarampole uçma (%42.9), sıkışma-ezilme (%31.4), vücudu bir parçaya kaptırma (%14.3), vücuda herhangi bir parçanın çarpması (%5.7), traktörden düşme (%2.9) ve traktörün çarpması/başka araçla çarpışma (%2.9) şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Tarım makinalarından kaynaklı iş kazaları en fazla pulluk (%17.1) ve ekim makinası (%17.1) ile olmuştur. Kazazedelerin %69.6’sının hafif yaralandığı, %10.9’unun ağır yaralandığı ve %4.3’ünün ise kısmen fiziksel engelli olarak görülmüştür. Bölgedeki işletmelerde kazaya karışan traktörlerin %38.2’si 0-5 yaş, %41.2’si 6-10 yaş, %2.9’u 11-15 yaş, %8.8’i 16-20 yaş ve %8.7’si ise 21+ yaş grubundadır. İşletmecilerin eğitim düzeyleri ile iş kazası oluşma durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (X2=8.25; P=0.041). Traktör yıllık bakım yapılma durumu ile iş kazası oluşma durumu arasında pozitif bir bağıntı bulunmaktadır (X2=5.49; P=0.019). Traktör yaşı ile iş kazası oluşma durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (X2=3.98; P=0.046).
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER IN A HORIZONTAL CHANNEL PROVIDED WITH SQUARE BLOCKS: EFFECT OF THE INTER BLOCKS SPACING
Authors: AMGHAR Kamal
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, numerical simulation is carried out to investigate turbulent flow structure and heat transfer analysis in a two-dimensional horizontal plane channel, contains square blocks arranged in tandem or side by side arrangement. The k-ε model is used to describe turbulence phenomena, and governing equations are solved by a finite volume method, with SIMPLEC algorithm is applied for the coupling of the velocity-pressure variables. The power-law scheme is used for the discretization of the convective terms in the momentum equations. Presented results illustrates the effect of the transverse (GT) and longitudinal (GL) spacing between the blocks on flow structure and heat transfer for a wide range of Reynolds number (104≤ Re ≤5×104). Numerical results show a very good agreement in comparison with available data in the literature.
A METHOD TO PREDICT FOULING ON MULTI-STOREY BUILDING MOUNTED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS: A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS APPROACH
Authors: ARORA Rajesh , CHITEKA Kudzanayi , SRİDHARA S. N.
Published: March 2021

The influence of installation and environmental parameters on dust particle deposition behavior on solar photovoltaic collectors were investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Parameters including tilt, height of installation, dust particle size and wind speed were investigated. Modeling of wind flow on the building and the photovoltaic array was achieved using the Shear Stress Transport k-ω turbulence model. The discrete phase model was adopted for dust motion prediction and a model was developed to assess the impact of dust accumulation on the performance of the photovoltaic array. The study revealed that rooftop installations have less dust deposition unlike the ground-mounted installations. The wind flow characteristics on rooftop installations are greatly affected by the building while on ground mounted installations wind flow is only influenced by the tilt of the solar photovoltaic collector. Different tilt angles, wind speeds and particle sizes had different deposition characteristics. The lower impact velocities experienced on ground mounted Photovoltaic (PV) arrays resulted in more deposition for smaller sized (10µm) dust particles compared to the larger sized (50µm and 150µm) particles. On rooftop installations, dust particle size of 150µm had the most deposition at a velocity of 5m/s and hence it resulted in a 22.61% reduction in solar photovoltaic efficiency while the least reduction in efficiency of 1.32% was recorded at 15m/s and 10µm size dust particles. The tilt angles of 0o and 22.5o had large sized turbulent eddies compared to the tilt of 45o. The study revealed that ground mounted photovoltaic arrays had more dust deposition compared to rooftop mounted photovoltaics.
ENSINO RELIGIOSO: ESTUDO E REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DOS DOCUMENTOS DA IGREJA CATÓLICA
Authors: Junqueira Sérgio , Rocha Terezinha Sueli
Published: March 2021

Este artigo é parte do Programa Concepções e Recursos do Ensino Religioso no Projeto CONCEPÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO visa ao longo da história da educação brasileira compreender o desenvolvimento deste componente curricular. Especificamente a Igreja Católica é uma das instituições que mais interferiu em sua formatação. Esta pesquisa qualitativa documental busca estabelecer as orientações internacionais e nacionais e para tal foram identificados textos e documentos da Igreja Católica em três espaços: Vaticano, Conferência Latino-Americana e Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil com as referências sobre o Ensino Religioso visando compreender o posicionamento desta instituição para compreender a inferência sobre o cenário educacional brasileiro.
O ENSINO RELIGIOSO COMO ESFORÇO CIVILIZATÓRIO: UMA ANÁLISE TEÓRICO-DOCUMENTAL DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR A PARTIR DA NOÇÃO DE LAICIDADE EM PAUL RICOUER
Authors: Sousa Martins Nathália Ferreira , Martins Gustavo Claudiano
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo orbita em torno das seguintes questões: qual pedagogia o ensino religioso deve seguir a fim de que seja legal, laico, significativo para a educação e promova a cidadania e o respeito a diversidade religiosa? Como a recém-criada BNCC lida com essa questão? Para responder tal questionamento empreendemos uma pesquisa teórico-documental, perscrutando os argumentos de Paul Ricouer sobre laicidade e analisando o documento da BNCC com fins de trazer à luz o modelo de ER por ela proposto. Reafirmamos o pressuposto de que a Ciência da Religião deve assumir a formação dos professores e fornecer os conteúdos e abordagens fundamentais para o ER, pois procura compreender o fenômeno religioso de maneira holística sem preferenciar nenhuma tradição religiosa. Nesse sentido aplicar esse tipo de compreensão ao ER propicia uma formação voltada para os valores democrático-civilizatórios.
CONFESSIONALIDADE E LAICIDADE: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO DOS MODELOS DE ENSINO RELIGIOSO ESCOLAR
Authors: Dos Santos Taciana Brasil
Published: March 2021

O Ensino Religioso escolar, no Brasil, surgiu como forma de manutenção e imposição do catolicismo enquanto religião hegemônica. Porém, com o passar do tempo, surgiram novas formulações epistemológicas para o conteúdo, caracterizadas por não se filiarem a nenhuma linha religiosa. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar e discutir sobre os modelos confessionais e não confessionais de Ensino Religioso escolar. Os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental são apresentados em um texto que discorre sobre as características dos modelos do conteúdo, e sobre as possíveis justificativas para aplicação dos mesmos. Conclui-se que o conhecimento acerca dos modelos de Ensino Religioso escolar é uma necessidade atual, tendo em vista a dificuldade de um consenso no contexto brasileiro sobre qual modelo é mais adequado.
“CUIDADO COM O LAÇO”: O ECUMENISMO CATÓLICO NOS ANOS 80 A PARTIR DO PENTECOSTALISMO ASSEMBLEIANO
Authors: Xavier Liniker , Raimundo Valdenice José
Published: March 2021

A relação do pentecostalismo assembleiano com o movimento ecumênico católico é marcada por muitas tensões. Textos publicados no Mensageiro da Paz (MP) no início dos anos 80 demonstram como essa relação – ou a ausência dela – foi se deteriorando. O MP passou a investir na publicação de matérias que relacionavam o ecumenismo católico com o fim dos tempos, aproveitando-se também da leitura que fazia de que a relação da Igreja Católica com o Palácio do Planalto estava desgastada por conta da teologia da libertação. Para tanto, vamos abordar como estes textos apareciam no jornal e, em seguida, levantaremos questões problemáticas que permeavam a relação. Em meio às tensões, o pentecostalismo assembleiano terminou encontrando pontos de convergência com o catolicismo no âmbito político, onde ambos defendem as mesmas bandeiras no eixo do que entendem por moral e bons costumes.
JORNAL TOP NEWS (1973-1983) E COOPERATIVA DE JORNALISTAS DE GOIÁS (PROJORNAL): ENFRENTAMENTOS DA IMPRENSA ALTERNATIVA À DITADURA MILITAR
Authors: SOUZA KALYNE MENEZES , BORGES ROSANA MARIA RIBEIRO
Published: March 2021

O artigo aponta a necessidade de pesquisa relacionada ao jornal Top News, como parte da História da Imprensa em Goiás. O periódico circulou entre o fim da década de 1970 e início da década de 1980, e não possui análises. O jornal foi um periódico engajado, irreverente e crítico, vinculado à Cooperativa de Jornalistas de Goiás (Projornal) – outra experiência que carece de registros históricos. Neste trabalho, para contextualizar o Top News, ilustramos de forma breve algumas experiências da imprensa alternativa nesse período. Além disso, o corpo teórico dialoga com autores vinculados aos Estudos Culturais e os instrumentos metodológicos ancoram-se no levantamento bibliográfico, na pesquisa documental e em entrevista online.
QUANDO MULHERES REPRESENTAM A SI MESMAS NO AUDIOVISUAL: PADRÕES ESTÉTICOS DE CORPOS FEMININOS EM PERFORMANCE NO YOUTUBE
Authors: Satler Lara Lima , Prado Beatriz De Almeida , Silva Brunna Alves da Soledade
Published: March 2021

Discute-se padrões estéticos e corpos femininos a partir da tag Tour Pelo Meu Corpo. Tag é uma etiqueta indexadora de conteúdos, implicando que o roteiro será o próprio corpo. Objetiva questionar como padrões estéticos se relacionam com corpo feminino e poder. Metodologicamente optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultados, contribui com discussões interessadas em rupturas de padrões estéticos e corpos femininos.
A NOTÍCIA COMO FORMA DE CONHECIMENTO: ZÉ, O BAIRRO E AS DISTORÇÕES NO TELEJORNALISMO LOCAL
Authors: Coelho de Sousa Bernadete Coelho
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o telejornalismo local e sua relação com a forma de construção do conhecimento proporcionada pela informação jornalística, considerando que as emissoras de TV investem no telejornalismo local como forma de criar um elo com o telespectador e aumentar a audiência Por sua vez a população local tem no telejornalismo uma forma de conhecer melhor o espaço social que habita e os fatos que afetam diretamente seu cotidiano. Dessa forma o artigo apresenta a visão de Robert Park e o quadro Zé do Bairro, exibido na RJ 1 na TV Rio Sul e também no JA1ª Ed da Televisão Anhanguera, ambas afiliadas da Rede Globo de Televisão. Foram analisadas duas reportagens de cada emissora apresentadas no quadro. Na TV Rio Sul foram escolhidos dias no mês de março de 2020, antes das mudanças provocadas pela pandemia do novo coronavírus e na TV Anhanguera foram escolhidas datas aleatórias no mês de janeiro de 2019. A intenção é refletir sobre essa forma de conhecimento a partir dos conceitos desenvolvidos por Robert Erza Park, sociólogo, jornalista e um dos fundadores da Escola de Chicago. Os resultados mostram que, no entanto, ao tentar se valer da tecnologia as emissoras acabam criando um personagem que aparentemente não tem muito a acrescentar o que o transforma em uma figura caricata e até certo ponto grotesca.
A PROBLEMÁTICA DA TEORIA CRÍTICA DA MÍDIA DE DOUGLAS KELLNER
Authors: Daros Otávio
Published: March 2021

Douglas Kellner é um nome importante nos estudos de mídia nos Estados Unidos. O autor apresenta-se como um teórico crítico, que não se apropriou apenas do legado frankfurtiano, mas também viu relevância nos estudos culturais britânicos e nas teorias pós-modernas francesas, especialmente nas ideias de Guy Debord. O material apresentado a respeito de Kellner é comentado, interpretado e criticado, vendo como ocorreu a recepção de suas ideias no mundo acadêmico. Em conclusão, somos levados a pensar que o modelo teórico de Kellner é sobretudo conflituoso, pois reflete a dinâmica da própria sociedade norte-americana.
Analysing Higher Educational Institutions' Role in Fulfilling their Third Mission
Authors: Odei Samuel Amponsah , Anderson Henry Junior
Published: March 2021

The transitional role of higher educational institutions encourages attention to initiatives aimed at positioning these institutions as hubs of knowledge production and transfers capable of influencing regional development. Nonetheless, the literature has defied the extent to which these institutions have well-embraced their third mission of impacting regional development, thus calling for further approaches in examining the role of these institutions. This paper evaluates the various ways higher educational institutions have embraced their third mission of contributing to regional development. We sourced data containing information from 164 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) located across the United Kingdom employing the propensity score matching estimation model. The results of the Average Treatment Effects (ATE) highlight the additionality effects of HEIs on graduate support, attracting inward investment, R&D collaborations and network facilitation. Surprisingly, our results emphasis the lack of significance in HEIs role in supporting SMEs, and knowledge exchanges. The main implication relates to the challenges in adopting initiatives that proved successful in specific universities to other higher educational settings.
Análise agroeconômica do arranjo de plantas no cultivo de melão em Nova Mutum, Mato Grosso
Authors: Rocha Rafael Rosa , Begnini Renata Lunardi , Toledo Claudia Aparecida de Lima , Dipple Fernanda Lourenço , Trento Daiane Andreia , Junior Santino Seabra
Published: March 2021

O espaçamento é uma estratégia que pode ser utilizada para aumentar a produção e a rentabilidade do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.), sem interferir negativamente na qualidade dos frutos. Porém, são escassos os trabalhos publicados avaliando espaçamentos na rentabilidade da cultura na região Centro-Oeste, principalmente em Mato Grosso. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as respostas da produção, qualidade e estimar os custos de produção e rentabilidade do meloeiro em diferentes densidades de plantio em Nova Mutum, MT. Foram avaliados cinco espaçamentos (0,2, 0,3, 0,4, 0,5 e 0,6 m) entre plantas e 3 m entre linhas, cultivado sob mulching em delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Realizaram-se avaliações para determinação de produtividade total e comercial, massa de frutos comerciais, largura e comprimento de frutos, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez titulavel total, índice de maturação de fruto e indicadores econômicos. As plantas cultivadas no espaçamento 0,2 m obtiveram maior produtividade total (36.782,50 t ha-1) e comercial (29.310,00 t ha-1) de frutos de melão. A população de plantas não afetou o formato do fruto, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez total e índice de maturação. A análise de viabilidade econômica revelou que a exploração do melão em diferentes espaçamentos apresenta resultados economicamente satisfatórios em diversos índices de eficiência econômica. O maior índice de lucratividade (51,08 %) foi encontrado na maior população de plantas (0,2 m).