bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O PATRIMÔNIO EM CONFLITO: A MUSEALIZAÇÃO DO IMATERIAL NA CIDADE HISTÓRICA DE LARANJEIRAS
Authors: Barroso Cristina De Almeida Valença Cunha , Jesus Priscila Maria de , Carmo Sura Souza
Published: June 2021

A análise do processo de formação do patrimônio, seja material ou imaterial, levanta questões sobre a inserção cultural de grupos afro-diaspóricos, sobretudo no Brasil e em áreas caracterizadas pela exploração negra nos engenhos de cana de açúcar. Desta forma, ao se abordar o discurso dos órgãos responsáveis pela salvaguarda do patrimônio e o que os teóricos da História e Museologia apresentam sobre a relação Cidade – Patrimônio – Museus, parte-se para questionamentos a partir da dicotomia criada entre o patrimônio material (predominantemente não-negro) e o patrimônio imaterial. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa dos conceitos, leis e espaços de dois locais de memória, o Museu Afro Brasileiro de Laranjeiras e a Casa de Folclore Zé Candunga, busca-se estudar o processo de formação da cultura negra na cidade de Laranjeiras a partir dos processos de tombamento, registro e musealização do patrimônio material e imaterial.
PROPOSTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FERRAMENTAS DE REMUNERAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA PARA UMA EMPRESA DE MÉDIO PORTE
Authors: Maschio Gilioli Rosecler , Balbinotti Ellen
Published: June 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral, desenvolver ferramentas de remuneração estratégica para uma empresa de médio porte. Os objetivos específicos estão definidos da seguinte forma: desenvolver descrição e competências dos cargos; realizar avaliação de cargos por pontos para todos os cargos da empresa; definir estrutura salarial; definir regras para política salarial; definir programa de avaliação de desempenho baseado em competências e definir plano de carreira. A metodologia utilizada é de natureza qualitativa, nível exploratório e estratégia de estudo de caso. Os participantes do estudo são gestores da empresa, o processo de coleta de dados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o processo de análise de dados dá-se por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados esperados são: reduzir o nível de rotatividade e também absenteísmo da empresa, aprimorar a administração dos salários dos colaboradores da organização e, tornar o processo de gestão de pessoas da empresa mais coerente, justo e eficaz.
O QUE HÁ DE NOVO NA PESQUISA DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE CONHECIMENTO APLICADA AO BUSINESS ECONOMICS? UMA RSL E CRIAÇÃO DE UMA AGENDA DE PESQUISA FUTURA
Authors: Cavalcanti André Luiz , Dos Santos Silva Carla Carolinne
Published: June 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo classificar e organizar os principais tópicos que surgiram nos últimos cinco anos em transferência de conhecimento aplicada à área de business economics, além de propor uma agenda para estudos futuros. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, de 186 artigos extraídos da base de dados Web of Science, a partir das análises de co-words e co-citation. Os resultados evidenciaram a categorização de temáticas agrupadas em 3 clusters: Colaboração universidade – indústria na transferência de conhecimento; Capital Social na transferência de conhecimento; e Transferência e absorção de conhecimento. Com base nos achados, este estudo pretende contribuir com a literatura de transferência de conhecimento, organizando os estudos dos últimos 5 anos e classificando as principais temáticas acerca do mesmo. Para mais, este estudo visa oferecer uma agenda para que pesquisadores possam nortear suas pesquisas e dar continuidade aos grandes avanços que a temática tem apresentado na literatura.
LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DA OFERTA DO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM DIREITO NA MODALIDADE A DISTÂNCIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Passador Giseli , Faustino-Ferber Ana Paula , Lima Silva Vâner
Published: June 2021

O fortalecimento nacional da educação a distância (EAD) nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento e a inexistência de oferta da graduação em direito nesta modalidade motivou a realização do estudo que tem como objetivo principal investigar a existência de influências que nortearam este cenário e as possibilidades de alteração deste panorama. Como objetivos específicos, amparado na metodologia de abordagem mista (qualitativa e quantitativa), a pesquisa buscou: I) traçar um histórico da educação a distância, bem como, analisar a legislação educacional; II) caracterizar o ensino jurídico; III) apresentar a visão do profissional do direito sobre esse ensino; IV) analisar a produção científica sobre o ensino jurídico a distância; V) os óbices causados pelo órgão de classe, a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB); e VI) a criação do único curso de direito em EAD, ingressantes, egressos e a taxa de evasão. Os resultados obtidos denotam que a influência do tradicionalismo do direito e do ensino jurídico aliados à desconfiança de que o ensino a distância possa oferecer uma educação de qualidade servem de base para as objeções impostas pela OAB, em contrapartida, é possível verificar que o Ministério da Educação (MEC) e a legislação pertinente dão o suporte necessário para a implementação do curso de direito em EAD. Neste patamar é plausível chegar a um consenso por critérios que permitam um ensino/aprendizagem do curso de direito em EAD de qualidade e que impeçam sua expansão desordenada.
Application of a wireless sensor system for object protection using infrared sensors
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Parfenov V.I. ,   Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Home Affairs of Russia, Le V.D. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: June 2021

In this work, an algorithm that makes decisions on whether or not an object under protection has been penetrated based on data from infrared (IR) sensors included in a wireless sensor system is considered. Based on theoretical considerations, methods for calculating the attenuation of infrared radiation by the medium, including attenuation due to molecular gases and aerosol attenuation, are presented. Peculiarities of the external environment impact on the functioning of local heat sensors are shown. Also, peculiarities of the noise immunity characteristics of a radio communication channel are considered with due regard for signal fading. With the purpose of analyzing the environment impact on the efficiency of the entire system, we present dependencies of the total error probability on the energy parameter, taking into account the attenuation of infrared radiation in both the environment at the level of local sensors and the radio communication channel. In addition, a dependence of the total error probability on the communication distance under the influence of fading is presented. The results arrived at are analyzed and the degree of influence of the environment on the quality of functioning of the wireless sensor system of thermal type is evaluated. It is shown that adverse weather conditions can have a significant impact on the efficiency of local sensors, and, hence the entire system. However, despite the possible significant deterioration in efficiency due to the IR signal attenuation in the medium and in the radio channel, the efficiency can be increased by increasing the number of sensors used.
Solving the boundary artifact for the enhanced deconvolution algorithm SUPPOSe applied to fluorescence microscopy
Authors:   Laboratorio de Fotónica, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Toscani M. , Martínez S. ,   Departamento de Matemática
Published: June 2021

The SUPPOSe enhanced deconvolution algorithm relies in assuming that the image source can be described by an incoherent superposition of virtual point sources of equal intensity and finding the number and position of such virtual sources. In this work we describe the recent advances in the implementation of the method to gain resolution and remove artifacts due to the presence of fluorescent molecules close enough to the image frame boundary. The method was modified removing the invariant used before given by the product of the flux of the virtual sources times the number of virtual sources, and replacing it by a new invariant given by the total flux within the frame, thus allowing the location of virtual sources outside the frame but contributing to the signal inside the frame.
Rice growth vegetation index 2 for improving estimation of rice plant phenology in costal ecosystems
Authors:   Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Choudhary K. ,   Samara National Research University, Shi W. ,   Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Dong Y. ,   Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,   Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geoscience
Published: June 2021

Crop growth is one of the most important parameters of a crop and its knowledge before harvest is essential to help farmers, scientists, governments and agribusiness. This paper provides a novel demonstration of the use of freely available Sentinel-2 data to estimate rice crop growth in a single year. Sentinel 2 data provides frequent and consistent information to facilitate coastal monitoring from field scales. The aims of this study were to modify the rice growth vegetation index to improve rice growth phenology in the coastal areas. The rice growth vegetation index 2 is the best vegetation index, compared with 11 vegetation indices, plant height and biomass. The results demonstrate that the coefficient of rice growth vegetation index 2 was 0.83, has the highest correlation with plant height. Rice growth vegetation index 2 is more appropriate for enhancing and obtaining rice phenology information. This study analyses the best spectral vegetation indices for estimating rice growth.
Comparison of statistical properties for various morphological filters based on mosaic image shape models
Authors:   State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Vizilter Y.V. , Vygolov O.V. ,   State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Zheltov S.Y. ,   State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS)
Published: June 2021

We consider the statistical properties of different mosaic filters. We demonstrate that in Pitiev's morphology, the measure of shape complexity is directly related to the shape simplicity measure based on morphological correlation coefficient (MCC). Based on MCC, we introduce the normalized morphological simplification index (NMSI). Using NMSI, we show that the simpler the mosaic shape, the more shape simplification is provided by the corresponding Pyt'ev projector. For the examples of mean and median mosaic filters, we address the problem of different operator comparison. In this context we introduce the concept of statistically simplifying morphological operators. Morphological correlation of mosaic shape and diffusion mosaic operator is considered. We prove that the NMSI for the diffusion mosaic operator is not related to the complexity for the corresponding diffusion shape kernel. Thus, a principal qualitative difference in the relationship between relational and operator models for diffuse and projective mosaic linear filters is demonstrated.
The ethnocratic elite in the structure of modern Russian society’s elite groups
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pokatov Dmitry V.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the features of the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of the ethnocratic elite. The general features of this elite group, which is an integral part of regional elite groups and the characteristic features developing under the influence of both general civilizational factors and local ones, including the peculiarities of recruiting, traditions and established principles of the functioning of power institutions, are revealed.
The meaningful components of late widowhood
Authors:   Saratov State University, Elutina Marina E. , Ivakhnova Ivetta D. ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2021

The article provides a meaningful analysis of late widowhood and studies the most significant semantic and structural characteristics accompanying its difficulties and sufferings. The article reveals the specifics of late widowhood associated with the collapse of the unitary marital union and the increase of the risk and uncertainty of everyday life, both in the socio-cultural and in the vital senses. Particular attention is paid to the folklore images of the widowed people significantly forming the basic stereotypes.
“Bad/good politics” as a concept of political science
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shestov Nikolay I.
Published: June 2021

The article contains the author’s suggestions how to use terms “good politics” and “bad politics” as theoretical tools of political study. The author provides rationale for assigning a meaning to these terms allowing political scientists to tackle applied and theoretical tasks – to explore and interpret conflict situations between two bases of liberal and democratic process, in particular, i.e., on the one hand, its formal structure invigorating the process’ participants to address political challenges with the help of democratic institutions and technologies, and, on the other hand, political actors’ understanding that their chances to use these institutions and technologies in order to gain personal and public profit are rather low. Methodological potential of “good politics” and “bad politics” terms is explained on the example of solving two issues. The first one is revealing the source of liberal politics’ ability to embody the progress of modern civilization without significant institutional and functional changes. The second one implies defining the level of legitimacy of liberal and democratic politics without using economic term “efficacy” within its political study.
Foreign policy expertise: Polyvariety of research approaches in political science
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Onopko Oleg V.
Published: June 2021

The main theoretical and methodological approaches that are used in Russian and world political science to study foreign policy expertise and related problems are analyzed in the article. The author concludes that there are so called “procedural”, institutional, system, and network approaches. From the point of view of the first one, foreign policy expertise is a special activity or procedure that is carried out by subjects with special knowledge and status. The institutional approach focuses on particular expert organizations (mostly think tanks) that work in the field of foreign policy and international relations. It is effective in exploring the features of their organizational structure and functioning, history, and current practice. The system approach is inherent primarily in Russian scholarly works on foreign policy expertise. Historians were the first to use it for this purpose. The network methodology is mostly used to study the expert community as a complex of multi-level subjects participating in the assessment and making of foreign policy decisions. Despite the fact that these approaches give a relatively holistic view on foreign policy expertise, there still are problem areas associated with it, which have not yet become the object of theorizing within political science.
Formation of patriotism: Political and ideological meanings and technologies
Authors:   Tambov branch of the RANEPA, Trifonov Yuri N.
Published: June 2021

The article considers political and ideological aspects of patriotism and technologies of its formation in modern conditions. The author shows that patriotic problematic is traditional for social and political discourse and remains relevant nowadays. The need for a deep and comprehensive theoretical and methodological study of the state policy on patriotic education of Russians was proved. The approaches to develop a model of modern patriotism which corresponds to the image of our Fatherland’s future were outlined.
The place and role of national and cultural organizations in the political space of Saratov border zone
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mitrokhin Vladimir A. , Uteshev Erbulat T. ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the influence of ethnic factor in the post-Soviet space using the example of the Saratov region. On the basis of a public survey conducted in eight districts of the region, the activities of national and cultural organizations as subjects of civil society and the regional political process are considered. Their interaction with the authorities, difficulties, and contradictions arising in the process of implementing the programs and goals of national and cultural organizations are studied.
Bashkir national interests’ representation within political process of modern Russia: Mechanisms, institutions, and informal practices
Authors:   Saratov State University, Semenova Vera G. , Skorohodova Olga S. ,   Stolypin Volga Region Institute of Administration of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zozulya Pavel Yu. ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the main institutionalized and informal practices of representation of national interests in the political process of modern Russia. By analyzing the process of aggregation of interests of the Bashkir ethnic group, studying the main forms and activities of Bashkir national and cultural organizations, as well as the channels of lobbying the interests of the Republican political elite at the federal level, the authors conclude that there is a serious dissonance between the official discourse and the real mechanisms of representation of national interests. The process of politicization of “ethnicity”, which began in the 90s of the last century, led to the transformation of the national factor into a serious tool for building relations within the “center – regions” system, as well as to the replacement of the interests of ethnic groups with the economic and political interests of regional national elites. This circumstance, in its turn, leads to the priority of non-institutionalized forms of representation of national interests in the political process.
Comparação de conceitos e processos nos Behaviorismos de Kantor e Skinner
Authors: Dos Santos Bruna Colombo , De Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes
Published: June 2021

O behaviorismo não é uma filosofia unificada na ciência. São identificados pelo menos 15 behaviorismos diferentes, divididos em behaviorismos psicológicos e filosóficos. Dessa forma, fazer uma análise comparativa entre estes behaviorismos pode se apresentar como uma tarefa produtiva para estudiosos desta área. O objetivo desse ensaio foi analisar comparativamente os behaviorismos de Kantor e Skinner, de forma a revelar similaridades e diferenças entre ambos. Foram elencados como tópicos para análise: objeto de estudo, unidade de análise e seus componentes e modelo de causalidade. De maneira geral, observou-se que as propostas destes autores apresentam características em comum, como por exemplo, comportamento como fenômeno interacional e como objeto de estudo científico, rejeição do dualismo e de “agentes” internos como causas do comportamento. Por outro lado, alguns aspectos abordados pelo interbehaviorismo não são abordados por Skinner, ou o são de maneira bastante distinta. Argumenta-se que esse exercício pode trazer elementos que auxiliem ambas as áreas em sua própria revisão e, se necessário, reformulação.Palavras-chave: Behaviorismo Radical, Interbehaviorismo, análise comparativa.
Podejście klastrowe do tworzenia destynacji turystycznych w przygranicznych obwodach zachodniej Ukrainy
Authors: Kyfyak Vasyl , Kyfyak Olexander
Published: June 2021

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy przygranicznych obwodów zachodniej Ukrainy. Tereny te odznaczają się dużą liczbą naturalnych zasobów rekreacyjnych, zabytków historii, kultury i architektury, rozbudowaną infrastrukturą transportową oraz silnymi więziami etnicznymi z regionami znajdującymi się w krajach sąsiedzkich. Są to miejsca, w których istnieją duże możliwości rozwoju ruchu turystycznego o charakterze transgranicznym. W celu osiągnięcia postawionego sobie celu badawczego autorzy przeanalizowali doświadczenia innych krajów, w szczególności związane z procesami tworzenia klastrów w Rumunii i Polsce oraz zarządzania nimi, co pomogło w identyfikacji etapów tworzenia destynacji turystycznej, opartego na podejściu klastrowym. Porównanie działania wcześniej utworzonych klastrów turystycznych na Ukrainie i za granicą pomogło w sporządzeniu listy głównych struktur biznesowych, które mogłyby stać się częścią klastra oraz zostać zaangażowane w kreowanie miejsc wypoczynku. Na podstawie analizy potencjału naturalnego i rekreacyjnego, jak również dziedzictwa kulturowego i historycznego obwodów przygranicznych na zachodzie Ukrainy ustalono możliwe profile regionów docelowych, a także znaczenie zainteresowania turystów oraz innych firm przy tworzeniu klastrów, które zostało potwierdzone przez badania ankietowe.
A cluster approach to the formation of tourism destinations in Western Ukrainian cross-border regions
Authors: Kyfyak Vasyl , Kyfyak Olexander
Published: June 2021

The research aims at exploring western Ukrainian cross-border regions where many natural recreational resources, historical, cultural and architectural monuments, a developed transport infrastructure, strong ethnic ties and wide opportunities for tourism flows from the cross-border regions of neighboring countries are found. To achieve this goal, the authors studied foreign experience, in particular the processes of the creation and operation of clusters in Romania and Poland which helped to identify certain stages of development of tourism destinations based on a cluster approach. Comparison of the activities of already established tourism clusters in Ukraine and abroad has helped to establish a list of major business structures that might become a part of a cluster and be involved in the formation of a tourism destination. Based on an analysis of natural and recreational potential, and cultural and historical heritage in western Ukrainian cross-border regions, possible profiles of tourism destinations, and the interest of tourist and other enterprises to be brought together into tourism clusters, are determined, and this has been confirmed by a survey
TOWS analysis for sustainable ecotourism development and state support during the pandemic: The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Saidmamatov Olimjon , Matyakubov Umidjon , Khodjaniyazov Elbek , Day Jonathon , Ibadullaev Ergash , Chuponov Sanat , Bekjanov Dilmurad , Matniyozov Murodjon , Matyusupov Bunyod
Published: June 2021

Evaluating the current ecotourism situation in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan and offering strategies for its sustainable development are the main objectives of the study. The threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) analysis was applied to identify the required management strategies. The article aims to review the literature on ecotourism promotion in the Aral Sea region. Based on TOWS, the results show that state support during the pandemic should be strategically coordinated to secure the sustainability of the ecotourism industry in Uzbekistan.
The Fermentation Methods for Production of Injera and Dabo in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Keyeta Gurmesa Tesema
Published: June 2021

Fermented food and beverage products are made globally using different practices of fresh materials with microbes. Fermented foods have sample sources of essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of fermentation. The advantageous effects related with fermented products have a special prominence during the production of these products in less industrialized countries like Ethiopia. In the country, fermented food and beverage products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented food natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate the fermentation process Ethiopia. The use of yeast is also common with the popularization of modern baking and pastry in the country. Moreover, the preparation of much traditionally fermented food is still practiced in a household art even though there are electric ovens and other accessories have been introduced in the restaurants and business centers. The bread can be prepared from various cereals but for Injera tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the most preferred ingredient. The traditional bread locally called hamasha has also been prepared with various modified ingredients and fermentation techniques.
Wheat Crop Yield Estimation using Geomatics Tools in Saharanpur District
Authors: Gupta Ankush Kumar , Soni Pramod
Published: June 2021

Background: For a primarily agriculture-based country like India, reliable, accurate and timely information on types of crops grown, their acreages and yield are of vital importance. In this study, attempts have been made to predict wheat crop yield in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh for the year 2016-17 using various spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, Ratio Vegetation Index and Transformed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and agrometeorological variables. Methods: The spectral indices were derived using agrometeorological data (Growing Degree Days, Temperature Difference and Helio Thermal Units) and the ground truth information was collected using the Global Positioning System in the field. Observed acreage data for the wheat crop were collected from the Saharanpur district headquarter. Result: The NDVI showed the highest correlation with wheat crop yield. The spectral yield model using only the NDVI showed an R2 value of 0.81 with an RMSE of 88.02 kg/ha. However, by incorporating the NDVI with temperature, the model shows much better performance with an R2 value of 0.95 and an RMSE of 49.86 kg/ha. The rainfall showed lesser correlation with the wheat crop yield as compared to the temperature, probably due to ground water dominated region.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Membran Nanokomposit Kitosan/Nanopartikel Perak
Authors: Notriawan Doni , Nesbah Nesbah , Ernis Gustria , Fadhila Muhammad Adeng , Wibowo Risky Hadi , Pertiwi Reza , Ilfanisari Vinolla
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to make and test the antibacterial activity of chitosan/silver nanoparticles nanocomposite membranes. Nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by chitosan with pluronic using acetic acid as a solvent. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and the makasar fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr) peel extract as a bioreductor. The silver nanoparticles were composited with a chitosan/pluronic mixture and printed on a glass plate. Nanocomposite membranes were characterized using the FTIR spectrophotometer and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanocomposite membrane were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherechia coli. The UV-Vis spectra showed the formation of silver nanoparticles which were indicated by the absorption at 454 nm and the absorbance value of 0.405. Characterization using FTIR showed no new functional groups formed in the composites of chitosan and pluronic. SEM results showed the difference between the chitosan membrane and the nanocomposite membrane. The surface of nanocomposite membrane showed uneven compared to the chitosan membrane. Nanocomposite membranes have antibacterial activity to inhibit E. coli growth.   Keywords: nanocomposite, chitosan/silver nanoparticles, antibacterial Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri membran nanokomposit kitosan/nanopartikel perak. Membran nanokomposit dibuat dengan mensintesis kitosan dengan pluronik menggunakan pelarut asam asetat. Nanopartikel perak disintesis menggunakan metode green synthesis dengan ekstrak kulit buah makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) sebagai bioreduktor. Nanopartikel perak dikompositkan dengan campuran kitosan/pluronik dan dicetak di atas plat kaca. Membran nanokomposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Membran nanokomposit dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherechia coli. Spektra UV-Vis menunjukkan terbentuknya nanopartikel perak yang ditandai adanya serapan pada panjang gelombang 454 nm dan absorbansi 0,405. Karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan tidak adanya gugus fungsi baru yang terbentuk pada komposit dari kitosan dan pluronik. Hasil SEM menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara membran kitosan dengan membran nanokomposit. Permukaan membran nanokomposit terlihat tidak rata dibandingkan membran kitosan. Membran nanokomposit memiliki aktivitas bakteri sehingga dapat mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli. Kata kunci: nanokomposit, kitosan/nanopartikel perak, antibakteri
Tıkınırcasına Yeme Bozukluğunun Obezite Cerrahisi Tedavi Sürecine Etkisi
Authors: COŞKUN Elif , DEVECİ Ezgi , İNCE Başak
Published: June 2021

Geçmişten günümüze yaygınlığı hızla devam eden obezite, fiziksel, sosyal, çevresel ve psikolojik etkileri olan bir hastalıktır. Obezitenin birçok sebebinin olması ve eşlik eden hastalıkların bulunması, tanı alma ve tedavi sürecinde ciddi sonuçlarla karşılaşılmasına yol açmaktadır. Obezite tedavisi için seçilen yöntem kişinin beden kitle indeksine ve eşlik eden hastalığın varlığına göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu yöntemlerden biri olan, bariatrik ve metabolik cerrahi (obezite cerrahisi) kişinin obezitesine ek olarak sahip olduğu diğer hastalıklara ve cerrahın tercihine göre uygulanmaktadır. Bu konuda bilinmesi gereken en önemli şey; obezite cerrahisinin kapsamlı bir tedaviyi gerektirdiği ve tedavi sürecinin bir ekip ile birlikte yürütülmesi gerektiğidir. Cerrahi operasyon sonrası kişi iç hastalıkları uzmanı, obezite cerrahisi alanında uzmanlaşmış diyetisyen, beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları alanında uzmanlaşmış bir psikiyatrist ya da psikolog tarafından multidisipliner bir yaklaşım ile takip edilmelidir. Operasyon öncesi ve sonrası karşılaşılan, operasyonun başarısını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilen, en önemli sorunlardan biri ise tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğudur. Bu makalede, tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu ve ruhsal durumun obezite cerrahisini nasıl etkilediği üzerinde durulmuştur.
Aplicación del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy: Proceso de Enfermería a una Persona con Pie Diabético
Authors: Mateo Crisóstomo Yadira , Hernández Ramírez Griselda , Rivas Acuña Valentina , García Hernández Nallely , Osorio Aquino Marina del Carmen , Martínez Serrano Amalia
Published: June 2021

El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, es un método propio de la praxis de enfermería y conforme pasa el tiempo va adquiriendo mayor relevancia para la ejecución de un buen cuidado. El objetivo de este caso clínico fue desarrollar un plan de cuidados según el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy en un paciente con pie diabético. En este trabajo metodológico, se abordan las etapas del proceso propuesto por el Modelo de Adaptación. La valoración de enfermería utiliza herramientas para la recolección de datos como: entrevista, observación y exploración física y su uso contribuye a la identificación del modo adaptativo afectado, en este caso, el Modo Fisiológico. Se citaron las taxonomías de los diagnósticos de enfermería (NANDA) para la identificación y redacción de diagnósticos enfermeros; además del uso de la clasificación de las intervenciones de enfermería (NIC) y clasificación de los resultados de enfermería (NOC) para las intervenciones y resultados esperados. Como resultados relevantes se obtuvieron que, en los Proceso Complejos, en el equilibrio de líquidos, electrolitos y ácido-base se observó una mejoría de 8 a 18 puntos, al realizar el control estricto de líquidos en 24 horas, obteniendo un balance negativo.La utilización del Modelo de Adaptación como marco de referencia para la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería destaca la necesidad de evaluar a la persona como un sistema completo; ya que la valoración fisiológica y psicosocial constituye una oportunidad para conocer no solo el estado de salud, sino también la percepción la situación que está viviendo en este momento, cómo la está afrontando y cuáles son sus expectativas frente al cuidado de enfermería, para promover su adaptación.
Riesgos psicosociales intralaborales en docentes de una universidad pública de Tabasco
Authors: Pérez Alcázar Diana Isabel , Vicente Ruiz María Asunción , De la Cruz  García Carmen , Fuentes Álvarez María Trinidad
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El docente universitario de tiempo completo asume nuevas funciones como investigador, tutor, gestor, además de impartir docencia en pregrado y posgrado, en base a competencias, afronta cambios en los enfoques pedagógicos, tecnológicos y metodológicos. Las transformaciones que están ocurriendo, afectan las relaciones personales y las condiciones salariales, respaldadas por continuas evaluaciones, que ejercen influencia sobre las condiciones de trabajo, el bienestar psicológico y la salud física de los docentes del área de salud. Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo psicosociales intralaborales en docentes de Educación Superior de Ciencias de la Salud. Método. Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, observacional, de tipo de estudio descriptivo, transversal, muestra conformada por 42 docentes de la División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de Tabasco, México. Se utilizó el instrumento de factores de riesgo psicosociales intralaborales. Resultados. Los dominios y dimensiones intralaborales más afectados con riesgo psicosocial muy alto fueron: control sobre el trabajo, 57.1 % (n= 24), la dimensión participación y manejo del cambio 42.9% (n= 18). Liderazgo y relaciones sociales en el trabajo 45.2% (n=19), características del liderazgo 38.1% (n= 16). Recompensa 38.1% (n=16), reconocimiento y compensación 40.5% (n= 17) y Demandas del trabajo 28.6% (n= 12), demandas ambientales y de esfuerzo físico 50.0% (n=21). Conclusión. Los docentes universitarios del área de salud presentan riesgo psicosocial alto debido a factores intralaborales, liderazgo y relaciones sociales en el trabajo institucional, que repercute en la toma de decisiones, relacionada con las normas de las actividades académicas, la cantidad y el ritmo de trabajo, aunado a la falta de intervención en procesos de cambios en la institución que afecta la salud mental y el desempeño laboral. Son necesarias futuras intervenciones para disminuir los factores de riesgo psicosociales como el estrés, mejorar el ambiente laboral y la calidad de vida de los docentes.
 
Palabras Claves: Factores de Riesgo, Psicosocial, Intralaboral, Docentes.
Epidémiologie de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) et de la peste bovine au Mali : enquêtes sérologiques
Authors: Tounkara K. , Traoré Aboubacar , Traoré A.P. , Sidibé Souleymane , Samake Kassim , Diallo B.O. , Diallo Adama
Published: June 2021

Dans le cadre de l'épidémiosurveillance de la peste bovine au Mali, une enquête sérologique a été conduite dans 58 troupeaux de petits ruminants. Sur 567 sérums analysés pour la détection des anticorps anti-peste bovine, deux seulement se sont révélés positifs. Ils proviennent de deux animaux âgés de plus de 6 ans et donc probablement contaminés lors de la dernière épidémie de peste bovine survenue en 1986. Il est probable que le virus bovipestique ne circule plus au Mali depuis cette date. En revanche, l'infection des chèvres et des moutons avec le virus de la peste des petits ruminants semble être importante : 74 % des troupeaux ont déjà été contaminés. La prévalence de l'infection individuelle est de 32 %. Une enquête sérologique similaire conduite chez 450 bovins dépourvus d'anticorps anti-peste bovine a montré que 1,78 % de ces animaux a été en contact avec le virus PPR. Avec un taux si faible d'infection de bovins, le virus PPR n'a probablement pas d'incidence sur l'épidémiologie de la peste bovine au Mali.
Virus Akabane: enquête sérologique des anticorps chez les animaux d’élevage au Soudan
Authors: Mohamed M.E.H. , Mellor P.S. , Taylor William P.
Published: June 2021

Cette étude porte sur une évaluation de la fréquence des anticorps antivirus Akabane chez les ruminants domestiques dans différentes zones écologiques au Soudan. Les anticorps neutralisants ont été détectés chez les moutons, les chèvres et les bovins. Les sérums de ces animaux ont été récoltés entre 1979 et 1980 à El Obeid, Nyala, Kassala, Sennar et Jonglei. C'est dans cette dernière région qu'ont été trouvés les plus forts taux de présence d'anticorps antivirus dans les sérums analysés : respectivement 27 %, 36 % et 47 % chez les moutons (6), les chèvres (11) et les bovins (90). Bien que les anticorps aient été détectés chez 8 % des 79 vaches et chez 15 % des 70 vaches dans deux troupeaux sentinelles au Centre du Soudan, respectivement à Shambat et Um Benein, aucun des veaux suivis dans ces élevages entre 1981 et 1983 ne s'est révélé positif. Par la suite, des sérums d'échantillons aléatoires prélevés en 1985 sur des animaux âgés de 1 à 3 ans ont montré la présence d'anticorps chez 8 veaux sur 57 (14 %) à Shambat et 5 veaux sur 40 (12 %) à Um Benein. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées.
Causes de mortalité des bovins de race N'Dama sur le plateau du Sankaran, Faranah, Guinée en 1993-1994
Authors: Mourad M. , Magassouba B.
Published: June 2021

Les principales causes de mortalité de 280 bovins de race N'Dama, enregistrées sur le plateau de Sankaran, Faranah, Guinée en 1993-1994, ont été identifiées. Les diarrhées ont causé 40,81 % de mortalité chez les veaux de la naissance à 6 mois et 58,62 % chez ceux âgés de 6 à 18 mois, alors que la pasteurellose a entraîné la perte de 61,88 % des animaux de plus de 18 mois. La saison chaude et la saison humide ont clairement augmenté le taux de mortalité chez les veaux de la naissance à 6 mois, tandis que ce taux a augmenté notamment pendant la saison humide chez les bovins d'un âge supérieur à 18 mois. L'insuffisance des vaccinations, des soins vétérinaires et de l'hygiène de l'élevage ont également été à l'origine des mortalités.
Apparition de lésions proches de la variole bovine chez des bovins en Israël
Authors: Yeruham I. , Nyska A. , Abraham A. , Algazi Radu
Published: June 2021

Les auteurs décrivent deux formes cliniques différentes de variole bovine apparues sporadiquement dans un troupeau laitier et dans un troupeau à viande. Un orthopoxvirus caractéristique a été identifié par des tests virologiques et par microscopie électronique. Aucune maladie systémique n'a été identifiée pour ces deux formes cliniques et la guérison a été observée après 3 à 4 semaines. L'épizootologie de l'infection est discutée.
Typologie des systèmes de production camelins dans la province de Laâyoune, Maroc
Authors: Michel Jean-François , Bengoumi Mohammed , Bonnet Pascal , Hidane Kamel , Zro K. , Faye Bernard
Published: June 2021

Dans la province de Laâyoune au Maroc, la mortalité des jeunes dromadaires avant sevrage était importante sans qu'aucune étiologie évidente n'ait été identifiée. Afin de disposer d'une base d'échantillonage pour choisir les troupeaux qui feront l'objet d'un suivi, une typologie des éleveurs et de leurs pratiques a été réalisée par enquête transversale rétrospective auprès des éleveurs de la province de Laâyoune. Au terme de l'enquête, 170 éleveurs ont été interrogés, soit 10 % des éleveurs recensés, représentant 12 000 dromadaires, soit 44 % des dromadaires recensés dans la province de Laâyoune. L'analyse multivariée effectuée sur les données regroupées parthèmes a permis de déterminer 4 types d'organisation des éleveurs en fonction de la taille du troupeau, 4 types de stratégie de déplacement selon les conditions bioclimatiques et 3 types de pratique d'élevage. Ces trois typologies n'étaient pas corrélées. D'après la quantité d'informations obtenues, le nombre d'interlocuteurs et la variété des élevages rencontrés, la majorité des situations épidémiologiques semble avoir été abordée. La typologie des systèmes de production camelin dans la province de Laâyoune la plus pertinente était fondée sur l'organisation des hommes autour du troupeau. Mise en relation avec la mortalité des jeunes dromadaires avant sevrage, cette typologie a permis d'émettre des hypothèses de facteurs de risque, comme l'existence de toxiques alimentaires, les pratiques de traite et de sevrage, le niveau de présence du propriétaire, la délégation de la gestion du troupeau et le degré d'encadrement humain des jeunes dromadaires. De plus, cette clé de typologie, facilement identifiable sur le terrain, pourra servir de base d'échantillonnage pour des protocoles de suivis individuels ultérieurs qui permettront de préciser les différentes pratiques d'élevage encore mal déterminées et de confirmer les hypothèses de facteurs de risque de la mortalité des jeunes.
Flore bactérienne de la vessie urinaire chez des bovins à Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Fatihu M.Y.
Published: June 2021

Les auteurs ont rendu compte de la flore bactérienne de la vessie urinaire chez 40 bovins abattus à l'abattoir de Zaria au Nigeria. Dix isolats bactériens ont été identifiés. Staphylococcus aureus, avec une prévalence de 22,5 % était l'isolat le plus fréquemment rencontré. Parmi les échantillons examinés, 16 (40 %) avaient une apparence trouble et, parmi ces derniers, 11 (68,8 %) n'avaient pas de croissances bactériennes. Corynebacterium renale a été isolé chez 5 Il 2,5 %) bovins bien qu'il n'y ait pas eu de signe apparent de maladie ni de pyélonéphrite.
Le diagnostic de Trypanosoma vivax : un problème non résolu dans l'épidémiologie des trypanosomoses
Authors: Solano Philippe , Desquesnes Marc , Sidibé Issa
Published: June 2021

Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax est un parasite des ruminants domestiques en Afrique et en Amérique latine. Les souches en Amérique latine, transmises mécaniquement par divers insectes piqueurs, ont perdu la capacité d'infecter les glossines qui les transmettent cycliquement en Afrique subsaharienne. Les auteurs ont passé en revue diverses techniques de diagnostic utilisées pour détecter T. vivax sur le terrain, allant des examens parasitologiques classiques aux techniques moléculaires (PCR), en passant par les tests sérologiques. La PCR, qui offrait une sensibilité et une spécificité non égalées, a été utilisée au CIRDES, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, et les résultats obtenus par cette technique pour identifier T. vivax sur les bovins et sur les pièces buccales des glossines ont été comparés aux résultats parasitologiques de plusieurs études récentes en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le fait le plus marquant concernait, dans certaines régions, une proportion non négligeable de mouches infectées seulement dans le proboscis (cycle de T. vivax) ne donnant aucun signal PCR avec les amorces T. vivax. Les auteurs ont envisagé plusieurs hypothèses pour expliquer ces résultats, la plus probable semblant être la circulation de souches du sous-genre Duttonella non reconnues par les marqueurs utilisés. Des études de variabilité génétique et de pathogénicité des souches locales seraient intéressantes à mener.
Cartographie des ressources génétiques caprines du Tchad du Sud-Ouest 1. Hauteur au garrot (HG), profondeur de thorax (PT) et indice de gracilité sous-sternale (lGs)
Authors: Zeuh Voumparet , Lauvergne J.J. , Bourzat Daniel , Minvielle F.
Published: June 2021

Une enquête de terrain portant sur le quart Sud-Ouest du Tchad a permis de couvrir environ 20 % du territoire national (plus de 250 000 km2) avec 60 sites d'échantillonnage. Le ratio d'échantillonnage finalement atteint a été de 1/440. Au total 2 768 chèvres adultes ont été examinées pour l'étude de l'indice de gracilité sous-sternale (lGs) qui est égal au vide sous-sternal/profon deur de thorax (VSS/PT) sachant que le vide sous-sternal est égal à la hauteur au garrot moins la profondeur de thorax (VSS = HG; PT). L'analyse des lGs moyens des 60 sites étudiés a révélé l'existence de deux sous-populations caractérisées par des histogrammes qui ne se recouvraient pas. Les lGs moyens étaient de 1,04 pour la sous-population 1 et de 1,50 pour la sous-population 2. Sur le terrain, ces sous-populations définies biométriquement occupaient des aires distinctes. Au Sud du 11° de latitude N, dans la zone appelée zone 1 par les auteurs, se trouvait la sous-population 1 et au Nord de ce parallèle, dans la zone appelée zone 2, se trouvait la sous-population 2. La ligne de démarcation entre les deux zones suivait le 11e parallèle sur un centaine de kilomètres à l'intérieur du périmètre étudié. Ces résultats confirment le pouvoir discriminant d'une cartographie prenant simplement en considération deux caractéristiques vitale et morphologique : la profondeur de thorax qui est une évaluation du format métabolique de l'animal et l'indice de gracilité sous-sternale qui caractérise le type morphologique.
Rythme nycthéméral de la sécrétion de mélatonine chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Vyas Sumant , Ravault J.P. , Faye Bernard , Chemineau P.
Published: June 2021

La mélatonine, une hormone secrétée par la glande pinéale, a été dosée sur trois chamelles vivant dans le Sud de la France. Comme pour les autres espèces domestiques, les résultats montrent qu'il existe un rythme nycthéméral de la sécrétion de cette hormone chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius).
Biodiversité et végétation pastorale
Authors: Daget Philippe , Poissonet Jacques
Published: June 2021

Un rappel des normes de qualification de la richesse spécifique de la flore des pâturages est fait, illustré d'exemples mauritaniens, burkinabés, camerounais et tchadiens. Les rapports entre la richesse floristique et la productivité, les potentialités du milieu, la pression humaine sont envisagés et un modèle global de variabilité est proposé.
Mesurer les liaisons entre espèces dans un groupe de relevés
Authors: Daget Philippe , Gaston André
Published: June 2021

Deux types de liaison interspécifique sont distingués, la contingence fondée sur la prise en compte des probabilités totales et l'association fondée sur celle des probabilités conditionnelles. Une méthode d'analyse de l'association est présentée et illustrée par un cas concret tchadien.
Apport de la technique PCR pour une meilleure compréhension de l'épizootiologie des trypanosomoses bovines : exemple de la zone d'aménagement pastoral de Yalé au Burkina Faso
Authors: Reifenberg Jean-Marc , Solano Philippe , Bauer Burkhard , Kaboré Idrissa , Cuny Gérard , Duvallet Gérard , Cuisance Dominique
Published: June 2021

La technique PCR (polymerase chain reaction) a été utilisée pour l'identificat-ion des trypanosomes chez des glossines et des bovins infectés provenant de la zone d'aménagement pastoral de Yalé, au sud du Burkina Faso. Sur les 84 intestins moyens parasitologiquement positifs de Glossina tachinoides qui ont été analysés, 50 ont pu être identifiés par PCR (Trypanosoma congolens-e types « savane » et « forêt », T. simiae et T. vivax). Chez les bovins, la technique PCR a révélé la prédominance de T. congolense « savane » et de T. vivax. Le taxon « forêt » de T. congolense n'a pas été détecté chez le bétail. Certains animaux aparasitémiques mais suspects ont montré des signaux positifs par PCR avec les amorces spécifiques de T. congolense « savane ». Ces résultats confirment le haut intérêt de la technique PCR pour révéler les pauci-infections et les infections mixtes chez les différents hôte et mettre en évidence des relations complexes d'affinité des taxons « savane » et« forêt » de T. congolense vis-à-vis de leurs vecteurs, mais aussi vis-à-vis de leurs hôtes vertébrés.