bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depressão materna e fatores de risco associados
Authors: Carlesso Janaína Pereira Pretto , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de , Souza Ana Paula Ramos de
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a frequência para a depressão pós-parto e os fatores de risco associados em uma amostra de mães de bebês nascidos em cidade de porte médio e arredores da região central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A pesquisa foi realizada em Hospital Escola no qual os bebês realizavam triagem auditiva neonatal, no período de março a maio de 2010. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 183  díades mães- bebês. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista sobre informações socioeconômicas, demográficas, obstétricas e psicossociais e a aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). A maioria da amostra estudada não apresentou indícios de depressão pós-parto (56,1%), sendo que os fatores de risco associados significativamente com a depressão foram à baixa renda familiar e o não planejamento da gravidez. As precárias condições socioeconômicas da mulher e o não planejamento da gestação foram os fatores que influenciaram significativamente no aparecimento da depressão no período pós-parto na amostra estudada.
Caracterização dos impactos desencadeados pelo ecoturismo na Cachoeira da Santa, Catas Altas (MG)
Authors: Arruda Bruna Shenéider , Nascimento Ana Paula , Cordeiro Juni , Therezo Paulo Eduardo Alves , Alvarenga Cibele Andrade de , Cordeiro José Luiz
Published: February 2019

O ecoturismo é um segmento resultante do turismo sustentável, que possibilita o desenvolvimento de atividades turísticas em contado com a natureza, incentivando a preservação cultural e ambiental. Entretanto, esta atividade pode provocar impactos negativos e positivos na localidade onde é desenvolvido. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a infraestrutura e os impactos desencadeados pelo turismo na Cachoeira da Santa, situada em Catas Altas (MG). Para tal, foi utilizada a pesquisa de campo e empregado um roteiro de observação, abarcando aspectos relacionados à caracterização da infraestrutura disponível para o desenvolvimento do turismo. Notou-se que o acesso até a Cachoeira da Santa, possui placas de indicação mal posicionadas, enquanto no atrativo não há uma área de estacionamento apropriada. Foram observados diversos impactos negativos na área em estudo, tais como erosões e deslizamentos ao longo da estrada de acesso à cachoeira, disposição inadequada de resíduos, resquícios de fogueira, além da degradação nas rochas. Propõem-se como medidas mitigadoras a delimitação de espaço para carros, além do desenvolvimento de programas de educação ambiental para os turistas e moradores. Assim, destaca-se que o planejamento turístico se mostra importante para que as práticas do ecoturismo não causem impactos negativos, buscando, ainda, a otimização daqueles impactos considerados positivos.
Práticas de Leitura: contribuição na formação crítico-reflexiva do aluno
Authors: Guerino Silvana Lúcia Costabeber , Carlesso Janaína Pereira Pretto
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar os resultados de experiência de prática de leitura vivenciado em uma escola de educação básica na Cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Este estudo objetiva compartilhar um relato de experiência vivenciado numa Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental localizada no município de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no que concerne às práticas de leitura em sala de aula por meio do projeto “Vanguarda Escolar”. Tal experiência consiste na abordagem de fatos, notícias, documentários, selecionados pelos alunos de uma turma do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental I.O projeto ocorre semanalmente, com a apresentação de temas, aleatoriamente, elencados pelos alunos mediados pela professora da turma. Para embasar teoricamente a discussão foram utilizados os autores como Soares, Rojo, Kleimann, entre outros. Os resultados evidenciam que as práticas de leitura desenvolvidas no contexto escolar possibilitaram uma aprendizagem mais significativa para os alunos participantes do projeto, contribuindo para uma formação mais crítico-reflexiva.
Análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Itabira (MG)
Authors: Andrade Carolina de Souza , Amaro Cleber Moreira , Oliver Lucas Antônio Cunha , Cordeiro Juni , Alvarenga Cibele Andrade de , Santos Charles Ianne Ferreira dos , Cordeiro José Luiz
Published: February 2019

O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos corresponde aos procedimentos necessários para a gestão desses materiais, envolvendo as etapas de não geração dos resíduos, redução, reutilização, reciclagem, tratamento e disposição final. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou analisar a geração e a destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Itabira (MG) nos anos de 2016 e 2017. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na análise de documentos cedidos pela Empresa de Desenvolvimento de Itabira Ltda. (ITAURB) contendo dados referentes às quantidades de resíduos sólidos urbanos coletados, resíduos recicláveis e resíduos destinados para o aterro sanitário. A partir dos dados obtidos, devido ao aumento de moradias e de habitantes, notou-se um crescimento de 1,9% na coleta de resíduos sólidos urbanos entre os anos de 2016 e 2017 e de 6,6% na reciclagem de resíduos sólidos neste mesmo período. Além disso, foi possível notar um aumento de aproximadamente 1% dos resíduos encaminhados para o aterro sanitário. Ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas para a análise da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a destinação destes, buscando soluções para a minimização dos impactos negativos ambientais, sociais e econômicos desencadeados por esses materiais.
As representações de alfabetização e letramento por professores do ensino fundamental I, da EMEF Maria de Lourdes Ramos Castro
Authors: Martins Daniele da Silva , Bortoluzzi Valeria Iensen
Published: February 2019

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo compartilhar os resultados da pesquisa de mestrado acerca das representações de alfabetização e letramento que professores do Ensino Fundamental I, da EMEF Maria de Lourdes Ramos Castro, possuem. Este estudo caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista com questões semiestruturadas com 5 professoras do Ensino Fundamental I, selecionadas na EMEF Maria de Lourdes Ramos Castro, por critério de acessibilidade da pesquisadora. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio das categorias emergidas no referencial teórico sobre alfabetização e letramento social. Como resultado, podemos perceber que as professoras representam a alfabetização e o letramento de modo muito semelhante, estando o letramento muito próximo de uma concepção de processo de apreensão do código da língua. Com isto, verificamos que há necessidade de proposição de uma formação continuada para aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre alfabetização e letramento, conclusão que se sustenta também nas respostas dadas pelas professoras entrevistadas.
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS PADA SMK CAHAYA BANGSA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Authors: Arizona Nanda Diaz , Yulia Yulia , Saputro Riyadi
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai aplikasi pengolahan data penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas SMK Cahaya Bangsa Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dimana sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam pencatatan transaksi kas masuk dan kas keluar, lambat dan kurang akuratnya laporan yang disajikan. Aplikasi yang dirancang untuk dikelola oleh Bendahara ini dapat mengolah, data siswa-siswi, pegawai, pengguna, tahun ajaran, kelas, jenis penerimaan, jenis pengeluaran, transaksi penerimaan kas, transaksi pembayaran SPP Siswa, transaksi penegluaran kas, transaksi pembayaran gaji pegawai, serta mencetak laporan. Laporan yang dihasilkan aplikasi ini antara lain, laporan pembayaran SPP siswa, laporan penerimaan kas, laporan pembayaran gaji pegawai, laporan pengeluaran kas dan laporan kas umum. Penerapan aplikasi pengolahan data penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas adalah solusi yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang ada saat pencatatan transaksi penerimaan maupun pengeluaran kas pada SMK Cahaya Bangsa Kabupaten Kubu Raya sehingga dapat memberikan hasil laporan yang lebih cepat dan akurat.
MORTALITY OF HIV/AIDS-INFECTED PEOPLE WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: A GENDER ANALYSIS
Authors: Dewi Putu Dian Prima Kusuma , Megaputri Putu Sukma , Dwijayanti Lina Anggaraeni , Pranita Dewa Ayu Putu Indra , Dewi Made Juniari
Published: February 2019

Background: Mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS is one of measures to the success of its treatment. Study related to their deaths seen from gender is still very limited.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of mortality between men and women living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective study using secondary data of HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Buleleng District Hospital in the period of 2006-2015. This research used survival analysis, Kaplan-meier, incident rate comparison and logistic regression with STATA SE 12.

Results: A total of 1204 HIV/AIDS-infected patients’ data was included. The incidence of total mortality rates was 27.7 per 1000 person-years. Based on gender, the mortality in men (35 per 1000 person-years) was higher than women (14 per 1000 person-years) with the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.39 (p 0.01).  Fifty percent of cases of mortality occurred at 0.15 years of observation. The median time of mortality in men was 0.14 years (1.7 months) and in women was 0.15 years (1.8 months). The poor clinical condition was seen from a body weight <50 kg, which increased the risk of death with aOR 3.85 (p 0.01 CI 2.40-6.16). Nevirapine increased the risk of mortality (aOR 2.18; p 0.01; CI 1.18-4.03). and CD4 cell counts of ≤ 200 cells / mm3 reduced the risk of death by 69% (AOR 0.31; p 0.01; CI 0.18-0.53).

Conclusion: The incidence of mortality in men was greater than it in women, which is caused by poor clinical conditions. It is better to evaluate the success of antiretroviral therapy by considering the needs of patients according to their gender. Further research is needed in regard to adherence of treatment and loss to follow-up events.
ETHICS IN CHILD PROGRAM IMPRESSIONS ON TELEVISION
Authors: Natalia El Chris
Published: February 2019

Although nowadays the new media comes to exist in the society, the conventional media like television is still be a part of Indonesian society, especially is the areas that is untouched  by the internet. Television still has its own audience. Television is obliged to perform its functions in providing information, educate, entertain, control and also as a social adhesive. Children as one of television audiences always get more attention because children are the next generation who are very easily influenced by this audiovisual media. Children are the easiest figure to imitate what they see on television. Ethics in children's program broadcasted in television is important to avoid the damage of children development in both psychologically and physically.
HEDGING AND THE COST OF BANK DEBT
Authors: Juliana Rita
Published: February 2019

HEDGING
THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND OBESITY THROUGH THE MEDIATION OF EATING HABIT
Authors: Prawira Oqke
Published: February 2019

ANALYSIS
THE INFLUENCE OF KOREAN POP CULTURE TOWARD CONSUMER INTENTION ON SELECTING KOREAN FOODS
Authors: Wicaksono Liswindwinanto , La Are Robert
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of Korean Pop Culture toward consumerintention on selecting Korean food. Korean Drama and Korean pop music are two phenomenal Korean pop culture which are spreaded around the world. In 1997, Korean Drama was first broadcast in China, following with the big step in 2004 where Korean Drama exported also to Hong Kong and Taiwan while Korean Pop Music start to gain popularity in the late of 1990s. In Indonesia, Korean Drama and K-pop music began to be popular in beginning of 2000’s. Their popularity are followed by Korean foods in 2014. This research is to look specifically on whether Korean Pop Culture influence Indonesian people to choose Korean foods as their options. Using SPSS software and with simple linear regression method analysis, 100 respondents’ data collected is processed through validity and reliability test, classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results show that Korean Pop Culture influence Indonesian people to choose Korean foods.
ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTION, ACCESSIBILITY, AMENITIES, AND ANCILLARY SERVICES TOWARDS LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE IN BETAWI SETU BABAKAN JAKARTA
Authors: La Are Robert
Published: February 2019

The satisfaction of tourists is a desirable achievement in the tourism sector, especially in one tourist destination. Satisfaction also has an influence on the emergence of loyalty. This study was conducted from February – June 2015 to examine the effect of factors affecting the sake of the visitors of Setu Babakan and its impact on loyalty. These factors consist of Tourism Attraction, Amenities, Accessibility and Ancillary Services. Primary data were collected through observation of questionnaires distributed to tourists visiting and were enjoying tourism products at Betawi Cultural Village Setu Babakan, Jakarta. Questionnaire collected 120 respondents who then analyzed using the method of Multiple Linear regression analysis. The test result of Attraction Attractions is 0.570 with beta coefficient value of 0.117. Accessibility of 0.370 with beta coefficient value of -0.160. Amenities of 0.001 with the value of beta coefficient of -0.633. and Ancillary Services of 0.336 with the value of beta coefficient of -0.107. thus the whole factor is declared no effect on visitor satisfaction. Test Result of Satisfaction Factor of 0.000 with beta coefficient value of 0.955. thus Satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Travelers Loyalty
HOW TRAINING AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE EMPLOYEE'S PERFORMANCE, MORAL, AND MOTIVATION
Authors: Baten Abdul
Published: February 2019

Ready Made Garments (RMG) became a huge sector in Bangladesh. This sector is contributing tremendously to our economy. Nippon Garments Ltd. (NGL) is in RMG sector which is a sister concern of Abedin Group of Industries. NGL try to follow all the rules and regulations of labor laws by labor ministry of the government of Bangladesh. They maintain all compliances properly so that it won’t be harmful to the employees and environment. Training and development are one of the crucial components of Human Resource Management (HRM), besides all of the things like recruitment, selection, and, compensation. Training and development help an organization to motivate the employees in the work place and increase skills, productivity, and confidence for effective performance. To become successful and run an organization efficiently, it is very important to maintain good HR practices. When an organization has strong HR practices, and everyone in the company follow all the rules and regulations properly then the organization can create a healthy working environment which makes everyone happy. To follow all the rules and policies for growth, an organization should train the employees as per their training needs. HR always help to find the better ways to motivate employees through training and other facilities because if employees are not happy in their workplace, then they become less productive and quit the company. As a result, turnover is going to go up. Nippon Garments Ltd. is a project of Abedin Group of Industries, and it started its operation in 1984, and during the time NGL have faced so many ups and downs, but till now it has been successful in keeping its brand reputation. NGL also established competitive work environment and proved to become the number one RMG factory in Bangladesh. It is 100% export oriented garments factory. They input their best efforts to create a remarkable reputation in the RMG sector. They have both foreign and local customers, and their main customers are from Europe. They always try to give the best quality products to their customers, and for this, they are very much conscious about the raw materials used to make their end product. They import their basic fabric from China, Pakistan, Hong Kong, and India. Regarding of innovation, they are always up to date about the fashion trends and styles. Their main products are the jacket, pant, jogging & tracksuit, trouser, and more. They build up a strong relationship with the workers and employees and they also take necessary actions to maintain the strong relationship.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS ORGANISASI
Authors: Febrian Wenny Desty , Adriana Adriana , Asrida Wan
Published: February 2019

This study examines the effect of leadership on organizational effectiveness. Quantitaviemethod was used to collect data, by the questionnaires, and distributed to employees at PTAdira Dinamika Multi Finance Tbk, Pekanbaru. The results of this study showed that sigvalue of 0.001, fewer than probability value of 0.05. Moreover,leadership has t value of -3.396 with t table of -1.985. In conclusion, leadership significantly explained organizational effectiveness.
French denumerals in -aire
Authors: Fradin Bernard
Published: February 2019

This article investigates French nouns and adjectives in -aire related to numerals. The original series was borrowed from Latin distributive numerals and its elements exhibited various meanings. Some of them still exist with their original meaning but have a vestigial use. Grammars and linguistic studies barely mention these forms and completely overlook the fact that new series of forms with a meaning referring to age or an anniversary have recently developed. The present article documents this development and the reasons behind it. It also addresses the issues tied to the variations of form and meaning that the patterns in question exhibit.
Evaluation of Riboflavin Transporters as Targets for Drug Delivery and Theranostics
Authors: Bartmann Lisa , Schumacher David , von Stillfried Saskia , Sternkopf Marieke , Alampour-Rajabi Setareh , van Zandvoort Marc A. M. J. , Kiessling Fabian , Wu Zhuojun
Published: February 2019

The retention and cellular internalization of drug delivery systems and theranostics for cancer therapy can be improved by targeting molecules. Since an increased uptake of riboflavin was reported for various cancers, riboflavin and its derivatives may be promising binding moieties to trigger internalization via the riboflavin transporters (RFVT) 1, 2, and 3. Riboflavin is a vitamin with pivotal role in energy metabolism and indispensable for cellular growth. In previous preclinical studies on mice, we showed the target-specific accumulation of riboflavin-functionalized nanocarriers in cancer cells. Although the uptake mechanism of riboflavin has been studied for over a decade, little is known about the riboflavin transporters and their expression on cancer cells, tumor stroma, and healthy tissues. Furthermore, evidence is lacking concerning the representativeness of the preclinical findings to the situation in humans. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of riboflavin transporters in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma and luminal A breast cancer samples, as well as in healthy skin, breast, aorta, and kidney tissues. Low constitutive expression levels of RFVT1–3 were found on all healthy tissues, while RFVT2 and 3 were significantly overexpressed in melanoma, RFVT1 and 3 in luminal A breast cancer and RFVT1–3 in SCC. Correspondingly, the SCC cell line A431 was highly positive for all RFVTs, thus qualifying as suitable in vitro model. In contrast, activated endothelial cells (HUVEC) only presented with a strong expression of RFVT2, and HK2 kidney cells only with a low constitutive expression of RFVT1–3. Functional in vitro studies on A431 and HK2 cells using confocal microscopy showed that riboflavin uptake is mostly ATP dependent and primarily driven by endocytosis. Furthermore, riboflavin is partially trafficked to the mitochondria. Riboflavin uptake and trafficking was significantly higher in A431 than in healthy kidney cells. Thus, this manuscript supports the hypothesis that addressing the riboflavin internalization pathway may be highly valuable for tumor targeted drug delivery.
Readily Available Water Access is Associated with Greater Milk Production in Grazing Dairy Herds
Authors: Daros Ruan R. , Bran José A. , Hötzel Maria J. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G.
Published: February 2019

In this cross-sectional study, we measured the association between water provision and milk production on intensively managed small-scale grazing dairy herds. Farms (n = 53) were categorized according to water provision as follows: (1) Restricted—cows did not have access to a water trough while on pasture; and (2) Unrestricted—cows had free access to a water trough while on pasture. Herd main breed and feeding practices were included in a model to assess the effect of water provision category on farm average milk yield/cow/d. The effect of pasture condition and environmental variables on milk production were also assessed, however were not retained on the final model. Herds provided with unrestricted access to drinking water produced on average 1.7 L more milk per cow/d (p = 0.03) than herds with restricted access to drinking water. Predominantly Holstein herds produced 2.8 L more milk per cow/d (p < 0.01) than non-Holstein herds. Each extra kg of concentrate offered per day increased milk yield by 1.1 L/cow/d (p < 0.01). In conclusion, providing free access to drinking water while grazing was associated with greater milk production.
A 3D Object Detection Based on Multi-Modality Sensors of USV
Authors: Wu Yingying , Qin Huacheng , Liu Tao , Liu Hao , Wei Zhiqiang
Published: February 2019

Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) are commonly equipped with multi-modality sensors. Fully utilized sensors could improve object detection of USVs. This could further contribute to better autonomous navigation. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problems of 3D object detection of USVs in complicated marine environment. We propose a 3D object detection Depth Neural Network based on multi-modality data of USVs. This model includes a modified Proposal Generation Network and Deep Fusion Detection Network. The Proposal Generation Network improves feature extraction. Meanwhile, the Deep Fusion Detection Network enhances the fusion performance and can achieve more accurate results of object detection. The model was tested on both the KITTI 3D object detection dataset (A project of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago) and a self-collected offshore dataset. The model shows excellent performance in a small memory condition. The results further prove that the method based on deep learning can give good accuracy in conditions of complicated surface in marine environment.
MC_MoveAbsolute() 4th Order Real-Time Trajectory Generation Function Algorithm and Implementation
Authors: Pietrusewicz Krzysztof , Waszczuk Paweł , Kubicki Michał
Published: February 2019

This paper presents the issue of generating motion trajectories in a digital servo drive in accordance with the PLCopen Motion Control standard. This standard does not limit the details of motion generation in the electromechanical systems, but indicates its interface and set of necessary parameters. Moreover, it is placed within a state machine, which allows the individual software elements to integrate with it seamlessly. This work discusses time-optimal point-to-point trajecto-ries, i.e., the initial and final reference speeds are zero, and they are compliant with the MC_MoveAbsolute() function defined in the PLCopen Motion Control standard. The smoothness of the resulting trajectory can be attributed to the use of a fourth order trajectory generator, which defines the bounds up to snap – the second derivative of acceleration. One of the aims of this article was to bridge the theoretical aspect of trajectory generation with the algorithms practical implementation, by the means of PLC code generation using the MATLAB/Simulink package.
In Vivo Experimental Study on the Enhancement of Optical Clearing Effect by Laser Irradiation in Conjunction with a Chemical Penetration Enhancer
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Chen Bin
Published: February 2019

The penetration of optical clearing agents (OCAs) is restricted by the natural barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, which can be breached by physical and chemical methods to enhance the transcutaneous delivery of OCAs. To breach the barrier function of SC, we carried out the in vivo experimental study to enhance the optical clearing effect of PEG-400 by laser irradiation in conjunction with a chemical penetration enhancer thiazone. We compared the reflectance spectra of skin without laser irradiation or thiazone. Mono-treatment of thiazone could not significantly enhance the optical clearing efficacy of the skin. After 60 min, the reflectance spectrum decreased by only approximately 10%. With the combined treatment, the reflectance spectrum decreased by approximately 30% after 10 min. Subsequently, the effect of laser dose on the enhancement of optical clearing efficacy was studied. The optimal irradiation dose was determined. The reflectance of skins irradiated by a laser dose at 0.7 J/cm2 decreased by approximately 10% and were 20% lower than those at 0.5 and 0.9 J/cm2. The laser at 0.5 J/cm2 could not damage the SC completely, whereas the laser at 0.9 J/cm2 influenced the epidermis and dermis; thus, the reflectance of skin samples irradiated by 0.9 J/cm2 did not decrease.
Preparation and Properties of Poly(imide-siloxane) Copolymer Composite Films with Micro-Al2O3 Particles
Authors: Choi Ju-Young , Nam Kyeong-Nam , Jin Seung-Won , Kim Dong-Min , Song In-Ho , Park Hyeong-Joo , Park Sungjin , Chung Chan-Moon
Published: February 2019

In the current study, poly(imide-siloxane) copolymers (PIs) with different siloxane contents were synthesized and used as a matrix material for PI/Al2O3 composites. The PIs were characterized via their molecular weight, film quality, and thermal stability. Among the PI films, free-standing and flexible PI films were selected and used to prepare PI/Al2O3 composite films, with different Al2O3 loadings. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical property, film flexibility, and morphology of the PI/Al2O3 composite films were investigated for their application as heat-dissipating material.
Activation of CD8+ T Cell Responses after Melanoma Antigen Targeting to CD169+ Antigen Presenting Cells in Mice and Humans
Authors: van Dinther Dieke , Lopez Venegas Miguel , Veninga Henrike , Olesek Katarzyna , Hoogterp Leoni , Revet Mirjam , Ambrosini Martino , Kalay Hakan , Stöckl Johannes , van Kooyk Yvette , den Haan Joke M. M.
Published: February 2019

The lack of tumor-reactive T cells is one reason why immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies still fail in a significant proportion of melanoma patients. A vaccination that induces melanoma-specific T cells could potentially enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we describe a vaccination strategy in which melanoma antigens are targeted to mouse and human CD169 and thereby induce strong melanoma antigen-specific T cell responses. CD169 is a sialic acid receptor expressed on a subset of mouse splenic macrophages that captures antigen from the blood and transfers it to dendritic cells (DCs). In human and mouse spleen, we detected CD169+ cells at an equivalent location using immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunization with melanoma antigens conjugated to antibodies (Abs) specific for mouse CD169 efficiently induced gp100 and Trp2-specific T cell responses in mice. In HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice targeting of the human MART-1 peptide to CD169 induced strong MART-1-specific HLA-A2.1-restricted T cell responses. Human gp100 peptide conjugated to Abs specific for human CD169 bound to CD169-expressing monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and resulted in activation of gp100-specific T cells. Together, these data indicate that Ab-mediated antigen targeting to CD169 is a potential strategy for the induction of melanoma-specific T cell responses in mice and in humans.
Virus-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Martikainen Miika , Essand Magnus
Published: February 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, including the breakthrough of immunotherapy, the prognosis of GBM patients remains dismal. One of the new promising ways to therapeutically tackle the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment is the use of engineered viruses that kill tumor cells via direct oncolysis and via stimulation of antitumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on recently published results of phase I/II clinical trials with different oncolytic viruses and the new interesting findings in preclinical models. From syngeneic preclinical GBM models, it seems evident that oncolytic virus-mediated destruction of GBM tissue coupled with strong adjuvant effect, provided by the robust stimulation of innate antiviral immune responses and adaptive anti-tumor T cell responses, can be harnessed as potent immunotherapy against GBM. Although clinical testing of oncolytic viruses against GBM is at an early stage, the promising results from these trials give hope for the effective treatment of GBM in the near future.
SOURCE: A Registry-Based Prediction Model for Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Oesophageal or Gastric Cancer
Authors: van den Boorn Héctor , Abu-Hanna Ameen , ter Veer Emil , van Kleef Jessy , Lordick Florian , Stahl Michael , Ajani Jaffer , Guimbaud Rosine , Park Se , Dutton Susan , Bang Yung-Jue , Boku Narikazu , Mohammad Nadia , Sprangers Mirjam , Verhoeven Rob , Zwinderman Aeilko , van Oijen Martijn , van Laarhoven Hanneke
Published: February 2019

Prediction models are only sparsely available for metastatic oesophagogastric cancer. Because treatment in this setting is often preference-based, decision-making with the aid of a prediction model is wanted. The aim of this study is to construct a prediction model, called SOURCE, for the overall survival in patients with metastatic oesophagogastric cancer. Data from patients with metastatic oesophageal (n = 8010) or gastric (n = 4763) cancer diagnosed during 2005–2015 were retrieved from the nationwide Netherlands cancer registry. A multivariate Cox regression model was created to predict overall survival for various treatments. Predictor selection was performed via the Akaike Information Criterion and a Delphi consensus among experts in palliative oesophagogastric cancer. Validation was performed according to a temporal internal-external scheme. The predictive quality was assessed with the concordance-index (c-index) and calibration. The model c-indices showed consistent discriminative ability during validation: 0.71 for oesophageal cancer and 0.68 for gastric cancer. The calibration showed an average slope of 1.0 and intercept of 0.0 for both tumour locations, indicating a close agreement between predicted and observed survival. With a fair c-index and good calibration, SOURCE provides a solid foundation for further investigation in clinical practice to determine its added value in shared decision making.
Intratumoural Heterogeneity Underlies Distinct Therapy Responses and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Akgül Seçkin , Patch Ann-Marie , D’Souza Rochelle C.J. , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Nones Katia , Kempe Sarah , Kazakoff Stephen H. , Jeffree Rosalind L. , Stringer Brett W. , Pearson John V. , Waddell Nicola , Day Bryan W.
Published: February 2019

Glioblastomas are the most common and lethal neoplasms of the central nervous system. Neighbouring glioma cells maintain extreme degrees of genetic and phenotypic variation that form intratumoural heterogeneity. This genetic diversity allows the most adaptive tumour clones to develop treatment resistance, ultimately leading to disease recurrence. We aimed to model this phenomenon and test the effectiveness of several targeted therapeutic interventions to overcome therapy resistance. Heterogeneous tumour masses were first deconstructed into single tumour cells, which were expanded independently as single-cell clones. Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, whole-genome and RNA sequencing, and CpG methylation analysis validated the unique molecular profile of each tumour clone, which displayed distinct pathologic features, including cell morphology, growth rate, and resistance to temozolomide and ionizing radiation. We also identified variable sensitivities to AURK, CDK, and EGFR inhibitors which were consistent with the heterogeneous molecular alterations that each clone harboured. These targeted therapies effectively eliminated the temozolomide- and/or irradiation-resistant clones and also parental polyclonal cells. Our findings indicate that polyclonal tumours create a dynamic environment that consists of diverse tumour elements and treatment responses. Designing targeted therapies based on a range of molecular profiles can be a more effective strategy to eradicate treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis.
Electropositive Promotion by Alkalis or Alkaline Earths of Pt-Group Metals in Emissions Control Catalysis: A Status Report
Authors: Yentekakis Ioannis V. , Vernoux Philippe , Goula Grammatiki , Caravaca Angel
Published: February 2019

Recent studies have shown that the catalytic performance (activity and/or selectivity) of Pt-group metal (PGM) catalysts for the CO and hydrocarbons oxidation as well as for the (CO, HCs or H2)-SCR of NOx or N2O can be remarkably affected through surface-induced promotion by successful application of electropositive promoters, such as alkalis or alkaline earths. Two promotion methodologies were implemented for these studies: the Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC) and the Conventional Catalysts Promotion (CCP). Both methodologies were in general found to achieve similar results. Turnover rate enhancements by up to two orders of magnitude were typically achievable for the reduction of NOx by hydrocarbons or CO, in the presence or absence of oxygen. Subsequent improvements (ca. 30–60 additional percentage units) in selectivity towards N2 were also observed. Electropositively promoted PGMs were also found to be significantly more active for CO and hydrocarbons oxidations, either when these reactions occur simultaneously with deNOx reactions or not. The aforementioned direct (via surface) promotion was also found to act synergistically with support-mediated promotion (structural promotion); the latter is typically implemented in TWCs through the complex (Ce–La–Zr)-modified γ-Al2O3 washcoats used. These attractive findings prompt to the development of novel catalyst formulations for a more efficient and cost-effective control of the emissions of automotives and stationary combustion processes. In this report the literature findings in the relevant area are summarized, classified and discussed. The mechanism and the mode of action of the electropositive promoters are consistently interpreted with all the observed promoting phenomena, by means of indirect (kinetics) and direct (spectroscopic) evidences.
Control of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis by Autophagy-Dependent SNAI1 Degradation
Authors: Zada Sahib , Hwang Jin Seok , Ahmed Mahmoud , Lai Trang Huyen , Pham Trang Minh , Kim Deok Ryong
Published: February 2019

Autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and proteins under various conditions of stress. In cancer, autophagy has conflicting functions. It plays a key role in protecting against cancerous transformation by maintaining genomic stability against genotoxic components, leading to cancerous transformation. It can also promote cancer cell survival by supplying minimal amounts of nutrients during cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how autophagy regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis are unknown. Here, we show that starvation-induced autophagy promotes Snail (SNAI1) degradation and inhibits EMT and metastasis in cancer cells. Interestingly, SNAI1 proteins were physically associated and colocalized with LC3 and SQSTM1 in cancer cells. We also found a significant decrease in the levels of EMT and metastatic proteins under starvation conditions. Furthermore, ATG7 knockdown inhibited autophagy-induced SNAI1 degradation in the cytoplasm, which was associated with a decrease in SNAI1 nuclear translocation. Moreover, cancer cell invasion and migration were significantly inhibited by starvation-induced autophagy. These findings suggest that autophagy-dependent SNAI1 degradation could specifically regulate EMT and cancer metastasis during tumorigenesis.
Retroelement—Linked Transcription Factor Binding Patterns Point to Quickly Developing Molecular Pathways in Human Evolution
Authors: Nikitin Daniil , Garazha Andrew , Sorokin Maxim , Penzar Dmitry , Tkachev Victor , Markov Alexander , Gaifullin Nurshat , Borger Pieter , Poltorak Alexander , Buzdin Anton
Published: February 2019

Background: Retroelements (REs) are transposable elements occupying ~40% of the human genome that can regulate genes by providing transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). RE-linked TFBS profile can serve as a marker of gene transcriptional regulation evolution. This approach allows for interrogating the regulatory evolution of organisms with RE-rich genomes. We aimed to characterize the evolution of transcriptional regulation for human genes and molecular pathways using RE-linked TFBS accumulation as a metric. Methods: We characterized human genes and molecular pathways either enriched or deficient in RE-linked TFBS regulation. We used ENCODE database with mapped TFBS for 563 transcription factors in 13 human cell lines. For 24,389 genes and 3124 molecular pathways, we calculated the score of RE-linked TFBS regulation reflecting the regulatory evolution rate at the level of individual genes and molecular pathways. Results: The major groups enriched by RE regulation deal with gene regulation by microRNAs, olfaction, color vision, fertilization, cellular immune response, and amino acids and fatty acids metabolism and detoxication. The deficient groups were involved in translation, RNA transcription and processing, chromatin organization, and molecular signaling. Conclusion: We identified genes and molecular processes that have characteristics of especially high or low evolutionary rates at the level of RE-linked TFBS regulation in human lineage.
Pediatric Epilepsy Mechanisms: Expanding the Paradigm of Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance
Authors: Shao Li-Rong , Habela Christa W. , Stafstrom Carl E.
Published: February 2019

Mechanisms underlying seizures and epilepsy have traditionally been considered to involve abnormalities of ion channels or synaptic function. Those considerations gave rise to the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance theory, whereby increased excitation, decreased inhibition, or both favor a hyperexcitable state and an increased propensity for seizure generation and epileptogenesis. Several recent findings warrant reconsideration and expansion of the E/I hypothesis: novel genetic mutations have been identified that do not overtly affect E/I balance; neurotransmitters may exert paradoxical effects, especially during development; anti-seizure medications do not necessarily work by decreasing excitation or increasing inhibition; and metabolic factors participate in the regulation of neuronal and network excitability. These novel conceptual and experimental advances mandate expansion of the E/I paradigm, with the expectation that new and exciting therapies will emerge from this broadened understanding of how seizures and epilepsy arise and progress.
Innovating Metrics for Smarter, Responsive Cities
Authors: McKenna H. Patricia
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the emerging and evolving landscape for metrics in smart cities in relation to big data challenges. Based on a review of the research literature, the problem of “synthetic quantitative indicators” along with concerns for “measuring urban realities” and “making metrics meaningful” are identified. In response, the purpose of this paper is to advance the need for innovating metrics for smarter, more interactive and responsive cities in addressing and mitigating algorithmic-related challenges on the one hand, and concerns associated with involving people more meaningfully on the other hand. As such, the constructs of awareness, learning, openness, and engagement are employed in this study. Using an exploratory case study approach, the research design for this work includes the use of multiple methods of data collection including survey and interviews. Employing a combination of content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data, the main findings of this work support the need for rethinking and innovating metrics. As such, the main conclusion of this paper highlights the potential for developing new pathways and spaces for involving people more directly, knowingly, and meaningfully in addressing big and small data challenges for the innovating of urban metrics.
Combining Multi-Scale Wavelet Entropy and Kernelized Classification for Bearing Multi-Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Rodriguez Nibaldo , Alvarez Pablo , Barba Lida , Cabrera-Guerrero Guillermo
Published: February 2019

Discriminative feature extraction and rolling element bearing failure diagnostics are very important to ensure the reliability of rotating machines. Therefore, in this paper, we propose multi-scale wavelet Shannon entropy as a discriminative fault feature to improve the diagnosis accuracy of bearing fault under variable work conditions. To compute the multi-scale wavelet entropy, we consider integrating stationary wavelet packet transform with both dispersion (SWPDE) and permutation (SWPPE) entropies. The multi-scale entropy features extracted by our proposed methods are then passed on to the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) classifier to diagnose bearing failure types with different severities. In the end, both the SWPDE–KELM and the SWPPE–KELM methods are evaluated on two bearing vibration signal databases. We compare these two feature extraction methods to a recently proposed method called stationary wavelet packet singular value entropy (SWPSVE). Based on our results, we can say that the diagnosis accuracy obtained by the SWPDE–KELM method is slightly better than the SWPPE–KELM method and they both significantly outperform the SWPSVE–KELM method.
Multi-Radio Integrated Navigation System M&S Software Design for GNSS Backup under Navigation Warfare
Authors: Kim Heyone , Lee Junhak , Oh Sang Heon , So Hyoungmin , Hwang Dong-Hwan
Published: February 2019

To avoid degradation of navigation performance in the navigation warfare environment, the multi-radio integrated navigation system can be used, in which all available radio navigation systems are integrated to back up Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) when the GNSS is not available. Before real-time multi-radio integrated navigation systems are deployed, time and cost can be saved when the modeling and simulation (M&S) software is used in the performance evaluation. When the multi-radio integrated navigation system M&S is comprised of independent function modules, it is easy to modify and/or to replace the function modules. In this paper, the M&S software design method was proposed for multi-radio integrated navigation systems as a GNSS backup under the navigation warfare. The M&S software in the proposed design method consists of a message broker and function modules. All the messages were transferred through the message broker in order to be exchanged between the function modules. The function modules in the M&S software were independently operated due to the message broker. A message broker-based M&S software was designed for a multi-radio integrated navigation system. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed design method, the M&S software was implemented for Global Positioning System (GPS), Korean Navigation Satellite System (KNSS), enhanced Long range navigation (eLoran), Loran-C, and Distance Measuring Equipment/Very high-frequency Omnidirectional Radio range (DME/VOR). The usefulness of the proposed design method was shown by checking the accuracy and availability of the GPS only navigation and the multi-radio integrated navigation system under the attack of jamming to GPS.
An Alternative Carrier-Based Implementation of Space Vector Modulation to Eliminate Common Mode Voltage in a Multilevel Matrix Converter
Authors: Rząsa Janina
Published: February 2019

The main aim of the paper is to find a control method for a multilevel matrix converter (MMC) that enables the elimination of common mode voltage (CMV). The method discussed in the paper is based on a selection of converter configurations and the instantaneous output voltages of MMC represented by rotating space vectors. The choice of appropriate configurations is realized by the use of space vector modulation (SVM), with the application of Venturini modulation functions. A multilevel matrix converter, which utilizes a multilevel structure in a traditional matrix converter (MC), can achieve an improved output voltage waveform quality, compared with the output voltage of MC. The carrier-based implementation of SVM is presented in this paper. The carrier-based implementation of SVM avoids any trigonometric and division operations, which could be required in a general space vector approach to the SVM method. With use of the proposed control method, a part of the high-frequency output voltage distortion components is eliminated. The application of the presented modulation method eliminates the CMV in MMC what is presented in the paper. Additionally, the possibility to control the phase shift between the appropriate input and output phase voltages is obtained by the presented control strategy. The results of the simulation and experiment confirm the utility of the proposed modulation method.
Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Installation of Heat-Cost Allocators in Multifamily Buildings in Croatia
Authors: Slijepčević Sunčana , Mikulić Davor , Horvat Kristijan
Published: February 2019

In order to improve energy efficiency, the Croatian government introduced an individual metering obligation for all district heat network users. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this policy measure regarding its effects on tenants’ behavior and energy savings, but also from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. The sample includes approximately 20% of all Croatian users of district heat energy. Energy savings related to the installation of heat cost allocators are calculated by comparing the specific heat energy consumption, corrected for the number of heating degree days, in periods before and after the installation of the heat cost allocators. The cost-effectiveness assessment is based on the concept of the net present value. The transition to individual metering in Croatia resulted in significant energy savings averaged from 20 to 35%. However, low heat energy prices in cities with a dominant share of heat energy consumption did not ensure a positive net present value of investment for all buildings.