bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekonomi Okuryazarlığı: Esnafa Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇÜTÇÜ İbrahim , KILIÇ Yunus , TUĞAN Gözde
Published: October 2022

Çalışmada ekonomi okuryazarlığı düzeyi Gaziantep ilindeki esnaf kesimi üzerinden ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada, Gaziantep esnafının ekonomi okuryazarlık düzeyinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Farklılık testlerinde ekonomi okuryazarlığı düzeyi, eğitim düzeyi görece yüksek esnafta ve işletme çalışanlarına kıyasla işletme sahiplerinde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Cinsiyete göre ise farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, yüksek ekonomi okuryazarlık düzeyine sahip esnaf orta ve uzun dönemde mikro ve makroekonomik göstergeleri etkileyebilme gücüne sahiptir. Politika yapıcıları esnaf sınıfını doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileyebilecek karar süreçlerinde bunu dikkate almalı; bilgi düzeylerini ileriye taşıması için gerekli desteği sağlamalıdır.
Dijital Türk Lirasının (DTL) Kullanım Kabulü: Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TKM) ve Planlı Davranış Teorisi (PDT) Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: TORAMAN Yavuz
Published: October 2022

Teknolojik cihazların yaygınlaşması birçok ürün ve hizmetin dijitalleşmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu dijitalleşmenin önemli sonuçlarından biri de Dijital Türk Lirasıdır (DTL). Mevcut çalışma DTL’nin kullanım kabulünü, niyetini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu bağlamda kullanıcıların kullanım kabulü literatürdeki TKM ve PDT’ ye dayandırılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Önerilen araştırma modeli Smart PLS 3 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Hipotez sonuçları incelendiğinde ilk olarak PDT kapsamındaki değişkenler kullanma niyetini olumlu etkilerken, TKM kapsamındaki güven kullanma kolaylığı üzerinden diğer değişkenler ise fayda üzerinden kullanma niyetini pozitif etkilemiştir. Kullanıcıların kripto/dijital paralara göre DTL’yi daha güvenilir bulduğu tespit edilmiştir. DTL ile Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası arasındaki ilişki bunun nedeni olarak gösterilebilir.
Структура непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности в России в 2011-2021 гг.
Authors: Замятнина Елена Сергеевна
Published: October 2022

Целями данной работы являются анализ структуры смертности от причин, непосредственно обусловленных алкоголем (т. е. тех причин смерти, в наименовании которых фигурирует слово «алкоголь»), и расчеты потерь ожидаемой продолжительности жизни в России в 2011-2021 гг.

Несмотря на общую тенденцию к снижению непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности, на изученном временном интервале дважды наблюдалось ее повышение. В 2014-2015 гг. оно происходило предположительно вследствие ослабления мер антиалкогольной политики; в 2020 г., вероятно, в связи с социальной напряженностью, вызванной пандемией Covid-19.

Более 70% непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности в 2020-2021 гг. приходилось на трудоспособные возраста. Наиболее высокие показатели непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности в 2011-2021 гг. наблюдались в возрастах 40-65 лет, при этом наибольшее снижение также происходило в этом возрастном интервале.

Структура непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности по причинам смерти на изученном периоде менялась незначительно. Наибольшая доля стабильно приходится на алкогольную кардиомиопатию, которая является ведущей в структуре данных причин и составляет примерно треть от всей непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности. Далее следуют алкогольные отравления и алкогольная болезнь печени. В сумме эти 3 причины смерти составляют более 80% непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности. В структуре женской смертности по сравнению с мужчинами выше доля алкогольной болезни печени, а в структуре мужской по сравнению с женщинами – алкогольных отравлений.

Потери ожидаемой продолжительности в жизни результате непосредственно обусловленной алкоголем смертности составили в 2011-2021 гг. в среднем 0,58 года в год. Важно учитывать, что непосредственно обусловленная алкоголем смертность составляет лишь небольшую часть от всей обусловленной алкоголем смертности.
ADİPONEKTİN’İN MCF-7 PROLİFERASYONU VE GİRELİN SEVİYESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Uğur , ŞAHİN Melda , SANCER Okan , CALAPOĞLU Mustafa , ŞENOL Nurgül
Published: October 2022

Amaç Lokal ve sistemik faktörlerin, östrojen reseptörü pozitif meme kanseri riskinde artış olan postmenopozal obez kadınlarda meme kanseri hücrelerinin büyümesini yönlendirdiği gösterilmiştir. Postmenapozal dönemdeki obez kadınlarda, dolaşımdaki girelin hormonunun azaldığı, bazı tümör hücreleri tarafından üretildiği ve ayrıca tümör büyümesini etkilediği gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, adiponektin uygulamasının östrojen reseptörü pozitif MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattındaki rolünü ve girelin seviyeleri üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattı 2 boyutlu kültürde çoğaltıldı. MCF-7 meme kanseri hücrelerine artan konsantrasyonlarda adiponektin (50-5000 ng/mL) ile muamele edilerek inhibisyon dozu belirlendi. MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattına 50, 100, 250 ve 500 ng/ mL konsantrasyonda adiponektin uygulanarak 24, 48 ve 72. Saatlerde örneklerde girelin seviyeleri enzim bağlı immünosorbent analizi (ELISA) ile ölçüldü. Bulgular 24, 48 ve 72. saate alınan MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattı kültür örneklerinde 50, 100, 250 ve 500 ng/mL adiponektin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak proliferasyonun azaldığı bulundu. 24, 48 ve 72. saate alınan MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattı kültür örneklerinde 50, 100, 250 ve 500 ng/mL adiponektin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak girelin miktarında artış oluştuğu bulundu. Sonuç Çalışmamızda MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattında (ER/PR pozitif) anti-kanserojenik özelliği kanıtlanmış olan ve aynı zamanda obezite ile negatif korelasyon gösteren adiponektinin, girelin ile karşılıklı etkileşimlerinin, ER pozitif meme kanserlerindeki rolünü ortaya koymuş olduk.
A review on silver nanoparticles focusing on applications in biomedical sector
Authors: Ankush Kumar , Vishakha Vishakha , Anjana Devi , Kamal Jeet , Sanjay Kumar , Rohit Bhatiar
Published: October 2022

Considering that nanosilver-based materials have shown to have a novel, demanding, and promising properties appropriate for a variety of biological applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have evolved into one of the most researched and examined nanostructures created from nanotechnology in recent years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the subject of research due to their special characteristics, and they have considerable interest in medical applications such as highly excellent antimicrobial agents even without toxic effects, and industrial applications such as inkjet inks comprising well-unified dispersions of nano-sized silver particles that are useful for creating electronic circuits. Due to the remarkable activities shown by silver nanoparticles, they have been the focus of many researchers for developing new medications with less toxic effects. In this study, we have highlighted some entitled applications of silver nanoparticles. This review will be helpful for the researchers working on silver nanoparticles.
“Ageing in Place” and Urban Regeneration: Analysing the Role of Social Infrastructure
Authors: Lewis Camilla , Yarker Sophie , Hammond Mark , Kavanagh Niamh , Phillipson Christopher
Published: October 2022

This article explores the potential impact of future urban regeneration for older people “ageing in place” in an inner-city neighbourhood, Collyhurst, Manchester, UK. Collyhurst has been reshaped by de-industrialisation, demolition of housing, disinvestment in local services, and the closure of local amenities. The neighbourhood has been earmarked for significant urban regeneration including building extensive housing, as well as social infrastructure to cater for existing residents and attract a new population. The analysis focuses on data derived from interviews and focus groups with the neighbourhood’s existing residents as well as regeneration stakeholders. Drawing on Latham and Layton’s (2019) “infrastructural approach,” the analysis explores the changing dynamics of neighbourhoods and meanings of place for older people living in localities undergoing redevelopment with spatially differentiated socio-economic landscapes. The article argues that social infrastructure must be understood as a foundational component of urban regeneration planning, ensuring new spaces foster social connections for all generations and support older residents’ sense of local identity, belonging and inclusion amidst dramatic material transformation. Social infrastructure provides an important lens through which to analyse the impact of urban regeneration processes, shedding light both on the functional and affective dimensions of ageing in place. In neighbourhoods undergoing redevelopment, both dimensions are vital to consider, in order to understand how best to support older people’s ability to age in place.
THE UNESCO HERITAGE: ESSENCE, STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   «KROK» University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Melko Liudmyla , Uvarova Ganna ,   «KROK» University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Antonenko Volodymyr ,   Kyiv University of Culture, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The objective of the study is to provide arguments for the structural components of the UNESCO heritage, reveal their tourism opportunities and improve the conceptual and terminological apparatus. The research methodology is based on using scientific methods of system-structural analysis, comparison, classification, statistical processing of information, scientific generalization. A significant number of international documents and electronic resources was processed, which allowed to expand the idea of UNESCO heritage as a tourism resource. Results. The conceptual and terminological apparatus of the UNESCO heritage was generalized. The structural scheme of the UNESCO heritage components, that consists of two blocks, namely, heritage components and legislative, was proposed and provided arguments for. The main structural components of the UNESCO heritage were identified and analyzed. The abovementioned components are as follows: the world cultural and natural heritage, documentary, underwater and intangible cultural heritage, which are regulated by relevant international regulations. The tourism opportunities of the main structural components of the UNESCO heritage were revealed. The "UNESCO network" with regards to the legal framework and the possibility of its use in tourism was analyzed. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to review international institutions to protect the heritage during the period of military aggression. Scientific novelty. The structural components were generalized, the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the UNESCO heritage was improved. The definition of a "UNESCO heritage as a tourist resource" concept was offered. Practical significance. Research materials can be used in tourism in the process of developing a tourism product, a tour program, as well as in educational activities when training tourism experts, tourism managers, culturologists and others.
ISSUES OF THE IMPACT OF THE MIGRATION PROCESSES ON URBAN SETTLEMENT IN THE NAKHCHIVAN ECONOMIC REGION
Authors:   Nakhchivan Universty, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Turkana
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The main purpose of the research work is to study the migration processes in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, especially the progress of migration in urban settlements, how it changes in different administrative regionsç and the factors affecting it. Methods. While carrying out the research work, the data of the demography department of the Nakhchivan State Statistics Committee and using relevant literature materials, the effect of the migration process on urban settlement and demographic processes were used. The research work was prepared based on the mathematical-analytical, historical-comparative methods. Results. In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the occupation policy of the 1980s, and later the difficulties of the crisis period, lowered the Living Standard Index and led to the acceleration of migration. Due to the socio-economic situation, the population left the villages and a small part concentrated in the cities. Each factor affecting the intensity and direction of migration determines the attractiveness coefficient of the area. Based on the statistical data for 2021, when we calculate the attractiveness coefficient of the cities in the Nakhchivan economic region, it is evident that the most attractiveness coefficient falls to the city of Nakhchivan. Scientific innovations. In the article, for the first time, how migration processes change in the urban settlements of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the factors affecting this change and ways to eliminate them are studied. Practical significance. The results obtained from the article can be used in the regulation of migration processes in the Republic of Azerbaijan and its various regions.
A Survey on Congestion Control Protocols for CoAP
Authors: Deshmukh Sneha R , Raisinghani Vijay T
Published: October 2022

The Internet of things (IoT) comprises things interconnected through the internet with unique identities. Congestion management is one of the most challenging tasks in networks. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a low-footprint protocol designed for IoT networks and has been defined by IETF. In IoT networks, CoAP nodes have limited network and battery resources. The CoAP standard has an exponential backoff congestion control mechanism. This backoff mechanism may not be adequate for all IoT applications. The characteristics of each IoT application would be different. Further, the events such as unnecessary retransmissions and packet collision caused due to links with high losses and packet transmission errors may lead to network congestion. Various congestion handling algorithms for CoAP have been defined to enrich the performance of IoT applications. Our paper presents a comprehensive survey on the evolution of the congestion control mechanism used in IoT networks. We have classified the protocols into RTO-based, queue-monitoring, and rate-based. We review congestion avoidance protocols for CoAP networks and discuss directions for future work.
Experience in the Application of Forensic Examination Techniques in IAEA Regional Nuclear Forensic Exercises
Authors: Nitrean Alina I. , Stebelkov Vladimir A. , Zhizhin Kirill D.
Published: October 2022

It was shown that the five-day format of the exercise was sufficient for the participants to practically master the procedure and characteristic features of all the main stages of the investigation of a crime with NRM, from the examination of the crime scene to development of an expert opinion. The procedure for choosing the parameters of the RDD imitators used in the exercises has been worked out. The informativeness of the main methods for performing forensic examinations SEM-EDX, SIMS, ISP MS and fingerprinting in the conditions of the short exercises was demonstrated. In environmental samples as well as on the surrounding items in the workshop of terrorists, identical particles of NRM simulators were identified particles of lead oxide with a characteristic morphology and tungsten microparticles with a modified isotopic composition were also studied. The possibility of the participants mastering the methods of dactyloscopy was also shown. Some mistakes made by the exercises participants were noted, which necessitate additional training and new exercises.
Powers of Prosecutors in Carrying out Supervision of Execution Laws outside the Criminal Legal Sphere. Part 2
Authors: Vinokurov Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2022

Based on an analysis of the Federal Law On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation and a number of other legislative acts, the author reveals the specifics of the powers of prosecutors in supervising the implementation of laws outside the criminal legal sphere. Attention is drawn to the conflicts that have taken place, and proposals are made aimed at improving the legal regulation of the procedure on the use of powers by prosecutors.
Features of Recognition of Citizenship of the Russian Federation
Authors: Piryazeva Natalia E.
Published: October 2022

Presently, the Russian Federation is characterized by the transformation of migration processes. The difficult political and military situation in various territories of the post-Soviet space and issues related to assisting in the resettlement of compatriots living abroad determine the liberalization of migration policy. The migration policy of the Russian Federation can be directed toward ensuring the simplicity of procedures and the clarity of the conditions for acquiring citizenship. The development of legislation on citizenship led to the formation of new approaches by the legislator to the regulation of certain aspects of its acquisition. In particular, draft law No. 49269-8 On Citizenship of the Russian Federation, which passed the first reading in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, proposes expanding the practice of recognition as citizens of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of this article, drawing on the experience of recognizing residents of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as citizens, the legal nature of the institution of recognition is analyzed. The author concluded that it is urgent to simplify the acquisition of citizenship and develop a mechanism for recognizing as citizens of the Russian Federation persons living in the country, but having limited basic social, political, and economic rights due to their lack of citizen status. At the same time, according to the author, the practice of simplifying the acquisition of citizenship as much as possible would not only have a positive effect in the form of protecting the rights of a significant category of persons in need of security and stability, but may also lead to the annulment of citizenship status after additional checks by authorized bodies justification for issuing Russian passports. Thus, mass recognition of citizens of the Russian Federation would result in certain risks for state security, which should be taken into account by both the legislator and the law enforcement officer.
Problems of Legal Regulation of Financial Services in the Context of Brexit
Authors: Galushko Dmitriy V.
Published: October 2022

The financial services sector is an important contributor to the United Kingdoms (UKs) economy. The article discusses the main problems that arose in this sector as a result of Brexit. The European Union (EU)-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement that was concluded as a result of Brexit does not contain special rules regarding financial services, thereby adding risks to the financial stability of the parties, while the existing international acts of soft law do not fill the existing gap. Consequently, the access of British financial services to the EU Common Market is possible only on the basis of recognition of the equivalence of the British regulatory regime to that of the EU. Meanwhile, such a decision has not yet been made and is unlikely to be made in the near future. Equivalence promotes the convergence of the two legal orders, providing a reduced uncertainty in the regulation of financial services. It was concluded that in the context of the goals of the UKs withdrawal from the EU and the intentions of the British government to return regulatory powers, the lack of a clear international legal mechanism for cooperation between the UK and EU in the field of financial services regulation will contribute to increasing divergence in legal regulation within both legal orders. This may also increase barriers to cross-border trade in financial services. The methodological bases of the work were the well-known general and particular methods of scientific research. The article aimed to study the relevant problems of legal regulation of financial services in the context of the UKs withdrawal from the EU, and identify general trends as well as the essential characteristics and main features in the field.
Sağlık Çalışanlarının Meslek Hastalıkları
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Kadir Onur , ALTUNDAŞ HATMAN Elif , ÖZGÜLNAR Nuray
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışma ile ülkemizde meslek hastalığı tanısı koymaya yetkili bir hastanede Şubat 2012- Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında meslek hastalığı tanısı alanlardan sağlık çalışanı olanları belirlemek ve meslek hastalıkları ile ilgili özelliklerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma retrospektif tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada Şubat 2012-Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında meslek hastalığı tanısı alanların sağlık kurulu raporlarına dayalı olarak oluşturulan veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. Meslek hastalığı tanısı alan 4843 olgunun 100’ü (%2.06) sağlık çalışanı olup %81’i erkek, %19’u kadındı. Sağlık çalışanlarının tanı aldığı en sık görülen meslek hastalıkları grupları ICD 10 tanı kodlarına göre %80 (n=80) pnömokonyoz, %7 (n=7) intervertebral disk bozuklukları, % 5 (n=5) servikal disk bozuklukları, %3 (n=3) omuz lezyonları, %3 (n=3) alerjik kontakt dermatitti. Meslek hastalığı tanısı alan sağlık çalışanlarının meslekleri incelendiğinde en sık diş teknisyenlerinin (%81) tanı aldığı, bunu hastabakıcıların (%7), hemşirelerin (%5) ve laboratuvar teknikerlerinin (%3) izlediği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, sağlık çalışanlarının meslek hastalığı tanısı almıyor oluşları, konu ile ilgili gerekli önlemlerin alınması ve müdahalelerin gerçekleştirilmesini zorlaştırabilir. Meslek hastalıkları ve iş kazalarına yönelik nitelikli bir bildirim sistemi oluşturulmalı, her sağlık personelinin iş kazası ve işle ilgili/meslek hastalıkları bu sistem aracılığı ile takip edilebilmelidir.
Ebe ve Hemşirelerin Yenidoğandan Elde Edilen Kuru Kan Lekesi Örneklemesinin Preanalitik Aşamasındaki Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ERDİM Leyla , ZENGİN Neriman
Published: October 2022

En önemli koruyucu halk sağlık hizmetlerinden biri olan yenidoğanın kuru kan lekesi taramalarındaki amaç hasta bebeklerin erken tanınıp tedavilerine zamanında başlanması ve bu sayede daha iyi yaşam kalitesine sahip olmalarıdır. Tanının hızlı konulması için yenidoğanlardan elde edilen kuru kan lekesi örneklerinin kalitesi son derece önemlidir. Toplam test sürecindeki test isteğinin başlangıcından, alınan örneklerin laboratuvara teslimine kadar ki süreci tanımlayan preanalitik aşama, insan hatalarının büyük oranda yapıldığı ve hasta güvenliği açısından risk taşıyan önemli bir aşamadır. Yenidoğandan elde edilen kuru kan lekesi örneklemesinin preanalitik aşaması; hastadan kanın alınması, tarama kartına uygulanması, kartın kurutulması, saklanması ve laboratuvara gönderilmesi gibi birçok kritik işlem basamağından oluşur. Örnek toplamaktan sorumlu ebe ve hemşirelerin bu aşamadaki uygulamalarla ilgili önemli sorumlulukları vardır ve kilit konumdaki sağlık profesyonelidirler. Bu makalede ebe ve hemşirelerin yenidoğandan elde edilen kuru kan lekesi örneklemesinin preanalitik aşamasındaki sorumluluklarının incelemesi ve farkındalık düzeylerinin arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Association of CFH and MAP1LC3B gene polymorphisms with age-related macular degeneration in a high-altitude population
Authors:   Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China, Guan Rui-Juan , Li Ling ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China, Kang Ze-Feng ,   Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100043, China, Zhang Xiao-Ying ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China, Yang Huan-Juan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China
Published: October 2022

AIM: To evaluate the association of complement factor H (CFH) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B) gene polymorphisms with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a high-altitude population.
METHODS: The study group consisted of 172 participants with symptoms of AMD who were examined and diagnosed between January 2019 and June 2020. The control group was composed of 120 healthy individuals. Each participant was required to provide two milliliters of peripheral blood for DNA extraction. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CFH (rs1061170 and rs800292) and two SNPs of MAP1LC3B (rs8044820 and rs9903) were genotyped. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the SNPs in the study and control groups were further compared using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
RESULTS: In a high-altitude population, the nominally significant differences of rs800292 and rs9903’s genotype AG frequencies were observed in the AMD group (P=0.034 and 0.004, respectively). The frequencies of allele G of rs800292 and allele A of rs9903 were also significantly different in the AMD group compared to the control [(P=0.034, OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98) and (P=0.004, OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.15-2.22), respectively]. No significant differences in the genotype distributions (P=0.16 and 0.40, respectively) and allele frequencies (P>0.05) of rs1061170 and rs8044820 were observed in the AMD group.
CONCLUSION: Genotype AG of rs800292 may be a protective factor for AMD. Conversely, rs9903 seems to be a risk factor for AMD. Therefore, allele G of rs800292 may be a protective factor, and allele A of rs9903, a risk factor for AMD in Qinghai high-altitude population.
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with mucosal anastomosing in chronic dacryocystitis with three categories of ethmoid sinuses
Authors:   Department of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China, Wang Yao-Hua , Tu Yun-Hai ,   Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Zhou Guang-Ming ,   Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Wu Wen-Can ,   Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China, Yu Bo ,   Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: October 2022

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with mucosal anastomosis in chronic dacryocystitis patients, with various categories of ethmoid sinuses.
METHODS: Between July 2015 and September 2019, 1439 adult patients, representing 1623 affected eyes, presented with chronic dacryocystitis and were scheduled for En-DCR. The categories of ethmoid sinuses were preoperatively determined, using computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG), and were classified as category 1 (C1), category 2 (C2), and category 3 (C3). No sinuses anterior to the posterior lacrimal crest defined as C1. Sinuses found between the anterior edge of the lacrimal bone and the posterior lacrimal crest defined as C2. Sinuses found anterior to the lacrimal bone suture defined as C3. At the end of surgery, the dacryocyst and nasal mucosa were anastomosed in C1, and the dacryocyst mucosa and anterior ethmoid sinus were anastomosed in C2 and C3 ethmoid sinus patients. The surgical success rate and related complications, in patients with 3 categories of ethmoid cells, were monitored and documented.
RESULTS: Postoperative data was obtained for 179 C1 affected eyes, 878 C2 affected eyes, and 432 C3 affected eyes. The overall success rate of En-DCR was 93.0% (1385/1489). Additionally, the success rates were comparable among the different ethmoid categories at 12mo post operation. We demonstrated that the major reason for surgical failure was intranasal ostial closure, due to granulation or scar tissue.
CONCLUSION: En-DCR is a feasible and highly effective primary treatment for chronic dacryocystitis. To ensure surgical success, the surgery protocol must be designed in accordance with the category of ethmoid sinuses present in individual patient.
Effects of rigid gas permeable contact lens on morphological parameters and vision-related quality of life in keratoconus patients
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China, Xu Yue , Zhang Xiao-Feng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: October 2022

AIM: To evaluate the effect of rigid gas permeable contact lens (RGP-CL) on corneal morphological parameters and vision-related quality of life in keratoconus (KC) patients.
METHODS: Totally 57 eyes of 30 KC patients who were followed-up for more than two years, including 17 RGP wearers (32 eyes) and 13 non-wearers (25 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed. Initial medical history and corneal topography were collected at baseline. Corneal topography, corneal aberration, optical coherence tomography, and vision-related quality of life questionnaires were performed at the last follow-up.
RESULTS: According to corneal topography, increase of the flattest keratometric values was higher in RGP wearers than in non-wearers (P=0.038). The morphological parameters, including symmetry index of front corneal curvature (P=0.004) and Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci index front (P=0.047), were lower in RGP wearers than in non-wearers. Vertical coma was smaller in RGP wearers than non-wearers in 3.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 mm pupil diameters, respectively (P<0.05). The environmental triggering domain of ocular surface disease index was worse in RGP wearers as compared to non-wearers (P=0.003). At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in constituent ratios of KC progression, corneal thickness topography, epithelial thickness topography, morphological parameters of corneal topography, and other questionnaire scores between the two groups (all P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Long-term use of RGP does not worsen KC but may cause corneal epithelial remodeling to increase symmetry of corneal anterior surface, reduce corneal vertical coma and improve visual quality. However, RGP wearing causes a slight decrease in vision-related quality of life. The occurrence of ocular surface symptoms is mainly associated with environmental triggering factors.
Effect of FFP2/N95 facemask wear on retinal and choroidal thickness profile in healthy subjects
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon 61040, Turkey, Gunay Betul Onal , Kalkisim Ahmet ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon 61040, Turkey, Esenulku Cenap Mahmut ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon 61040, Turkey, Turkoglu Elif Betul ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya  07070, Turkey
Published: October 2022

AIM: To investigate the influence of non-oil 95 (N95)/filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) facemask wear on retinal thickness, choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) in healthy subjects.
METHODS: In this prospective study, 53 healthy participants who used FFP2/N95 facemask were enrolled. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography imaging before and at 1 and 4h following FFP2/N95 facemask wear. The last imaging session was performed 1h after FFP2/N95 removal. Retinal thickness, CT, RNFLT, and GCLT were assessed at each session. Vital parameters were also assessed.
RESULTS: The pulse rate of the subjects significantly decreased at 1 and 4h compared to baseline values (P<0.05). No significant changes in retinal thickness, RNFLT, and GCLT were observed in the study. CT profile showed a significant increase at all measured locations except 1-mm temporal, 1-mm inferior and 2-mm inferior points following FFP2/N95 wear which turned to baseline values after FFP2/N95 removal. Pulse rate and CT changes at 4h were significantly correlated (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Parasympathetic activation during FFP2/N95 facemask wear might have a role on elevated CT measurements in healthy individuals by virtue of increased choroidal blood flow.
Protocolo odontológico en paciente con labio y paladar hendido: Caso Clínico
Authors: Correia Miranda Valdivia Andréa Dolores , Cuevas Carrillo Karen , Sandoval Ledezma Tonanthzin Aleli , Sandoval Vázquez Santiago
Published: October 2022

El labio y paladar hendido (LPH) es la malformación craneofacial congénita más frecuente con una incidencia en la población en general de aproximadamente 1:500; en México es de 1:700 nacidos vivos, estos pacientes presentan una mayor incidencia de malformaciones congénitas, las cuales requerirán más de una cirugía reconstructiva como tratamiento, además de un tratamiento interdisciplinario. En éste artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 2 años 11 meses de edad con LPH, en el cual se le realizó un tratamiento de operatoria integral que incluyó pulpotomías, restauraciones con coronas de acero, topicación de flúor, selladores y la colocación de una placa obturadora con tornillo transversal, la cual se mantiene con revisiones periódicas. El tratamiento tuvo resultados favorables al ya haber alcanzado una expansión en el maxilar superior, además de recibir una atención multidisciplinaria con lo que se logró mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente.
The Disease Becomes the Host: Cattle Decapitation's Pandemic Discourse from Song to Music Video
Authors: Marini Anna , Fuchs Michael
Published: October 2022

On April 2, 2020, extreme metal band Cattle Decapitation released a video for their song “Bring Back the Plague” (2019), whose lyrics invoke a pandemic that wipes out humanity as a means to counter the anthropogenic devastation of Earth. This article explores these lyrics vis‐à‐vis the music video, which tackles the spatiotemporal disruption caused by stay‐at‐home orders at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, condemning anomic behavior and appealing to solidarity and social responsibility.
“See Ya Real Soon”: Destaging Fantasy in COVID‐Era Disney World
Authors: Lantz Vicky Pettersen
Published: October 2022

Disney Realism is generally effective at erasing present consciousness, but the specific nature and implications of Covid prevent WDW from discouraging guest awareness of it. The interjection of present real‐world problems/solutions ruptures fantasy. These barriers came in the form of distance, emptiness, and opacity. The social distancing guide markings on the ground, the shielding, the closed spaces, and the open backstage areas all created visible invisible barriers to the Disney park promise of the spectacular, the immersive, and the nostalgic.
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae as an emerging respiratory tract pathogen at Assiut University hospitals
Authors: Sayed Zeinab Ibraheem , Abdel-Ghany Mohamed Fawzy , Ahmed Shabaan Hashem , Adawy Amany Mohmed , El–Hamid Rawhia Fathy Abd
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a member of viridans streptococci. It is non-capsulated, bile insoluble and optochinsusceptible in ambient air but resistant in 5% CO . This study aimed to isolate S. pseudopneu- moniae from sputum specimens of patients admitted to ChestDepartment and Chest ICU of Assiut University hospitals, differentiate it from Streptococcus pneumoniae in addition, to evaluate the prevalence of Streptococcuspseudopneumoniae in clinical isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods, to subject the isolates to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disc diffusionmethod.
Materials and Methods: Isolation of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae from sputum sample and doing phenotypic test (op- tochin susceptibility test,bilesusceptibility test and antimicrobial susceptibility test) and genotypic test by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for five genes: CpsA, LytA, AliB-like ORF2, 16S rRNA and Spn9802 genes.
Results: Twenty isolates of S. pseudopneumoniae were diagnosed phenotypically by optochin susceptibility and bile solu- bility tests followed by genotypiccharacterization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for five genes: CpsA, LytA, AliB-like ORF2, 16S rRNA and Spn9802 genes. The prevalence of S. pseudopneumoniae among studied patients was 10% (20/200).
Conclusion: The pure growth of S. pseudopneumoniae from sputum samples together with thegreat percentage of antibiotic resistance should raise attention to the clinical importance of this organism.
The first report of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from a clinical sample in Iran
Authors: Mohebi Siamak , Saboorian Roghieh , Shams Saeed
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Vibrio fluvialis is a Gram-negative, bacillus-shaped, curved bacterium known as an emerging pathogen. There are reports ofoutbreaks caused by this bacterium worldwide. Iran, especially Qom province, is an endemic region for gastrointestinal diseases caused by Vibrio species. So,the aim was to isolate V. fluvialis from clinical and environ- mental samples.
Materials and Methods: During six months, 363 clinical and surface water samples were evaluated. The samples were cultured on specific media, and allincubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Suspicious colonies were evaluated by Gram staining and biochemical tests. The BD Phoenix automated microbiologysystem was used for the final confirmation of the isolated bacteria. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of isolated strains was also performed according to CLSI standard.
Results: Eight cases (2.2%) of V. fluvialis, including seven from surface water samples (87.5%) and one from clinical sam- ples (12.5%), were isolated. Basedon antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all V. fluvialis isolates were susceptible to amika- cin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin,tetracycline, ceftazidime, and chloramphenicol. High-level resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate was also observed. V. fluvialis-infected patienthad a mild fever, watery diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps that were manifested after drinking contaminated water or eating con- taminated vegetables. The patient's symptoms recovered without antibiotic therapy after four days, resulting in self-limiting disease.
Conclusion: The current study is the first human case of V. fluvialis infection isolated in Iran. Therefore, monitoring of water and food samples should be done routinely.
Isolation of fecal Escherichia coli from fresh strawberries (fragaria ananassa) in Iran
Authors: Hamidian Nasrin , Salari Saeed , Rashki Ahmad , Najimi Mohsen
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Microbial safety of the fresh fruits is a global concern. The production of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in Iran has grown 4.5%from 2016 to 2019. Little information is available about the microbiological quality of strawberry produced in Iran. The objective of this investigation was toassess the fecal Escherichia coli (FEC) contamination of fresh strawberries of south of Kerman province where is the centers of production and supply ofstrawberries to other parts of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the FEC of a total number of 109 strawberry samples, which were collected from green-houses of strawberry of Kerman province during three months, were enumerated using the most probable number (MPN) as described by Iranian NationalStandards Organization, protocol No.2946, and interpreted using the latest statute released by Iran Veterinary Organization, Executive order number 2946, released in 2011.
Results: MPN of FEC counted in strawberries ranged between <0.3 (n=37) and >110 (n=19) per gram (g) having a mean, mode, and median value of 250.3, <0.3, and 9.4 MPN/g, respectively. More than one-fourth of the samples (28.44%) were polluted with FEC at a level of >100 MPN/g.
Conclusion: Our findings may be resulted from the sanitary quality of the farm and strawberries of the study area, which indicated that the microbial safety of the strawberries in this survey was not satisfactory, alarming public health.
Potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus to modulate cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes in patients with endometriosis
Authors: Mehdizadeh Sari Fatemeh , Mirkalantari Shiva , Nikoo Shohreh , Sepahvand Fatemeh , Allahqoli Leila , Asadi Arezoo , Talebi Malihe
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Pe- ripheral blood monocytes cells (PBMCs) may have altered function to some extent in women with endometriosis. Lactoba- cillus acidophilus is a probiotic bacterium within the human bodywith the ability of alleviating many inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the effect of L. acidophilus on PBMCs of endometriosis patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from endometriosis patients (n=11) and  non-endometriosis individuals  (n=11).  After  isolation  of  peripheral  blood  mononuclear  cells  with  Ficoll,  cells were cultured in the presence and absence ofphytohemagglutinin. Also, these cells were co-cultured with 1×106  CFU/ ml of L. acidophilus. IL-6 and IL-1 cytokines were measured by ELISA methodand the two groups were evaluated and compared.
Results: The results showed that in endometriosis patients, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and IL-6, by PBMC was increasedcompared to non-endometriosis subjects, and stimuli such as PHA intensified this elevation. Also, L. acidophilus increased the levels of pro-inflammatorycytokines including IL-1 and IL-6. However, the production of these cytokines decreased due to the modulatory properties of bacterial cells after 48 h.
Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, IL-1 and IL-6 production was significantly increased in PMBCs of endometriosis patientscompared to that of the healthy controls. Also, Lactobacillus acidophilus was considered as an antigenic compound and induced IL-1 and IL-6 production.According to these results, probiotics can be further used for the treatment of endometriosis patients and more investigations are needed to confirm these results.
Status of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies among the hemodialysis patients in southwest region of Iran
Authors: Pirmoradi Roya , Makvandi Manoochehr , Haghi Navand Azadeh , Shayanpour Shokouh , Shahbazian Heshmatolah , Makvandi Kimia , Varnosfaderani Saeed Eynali , Nasimzadeh Sepideh
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) account for acute hepatitis, fulminant liver failure and chronic hep- atitis worldwide. Several high riskgroups including hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of HEV infection. Based on con- sequences of HEV infection it is important to determine the serologicaland molecular epidemiology of HEV in HD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in HD patients.
Materials and Methods: The sera of 84 HD patients were collected and tested for anti- HEV IgG and anti IgM antibodies using enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) at Golestan hospital in Ahvaz city during October 2014 and November 2014. HEV RNA was tested in HD patients using RT PCR. The prevalence of anti- HEV IgG was evaluated in the age group (52/84) > 50 and (31/84) < 50 years.
Results: Out of 84 patients, 52 (61.9%) were males and 32 (38.1%) females. The mean age of participants was 52 ± 1.57 years. 43/84 (51.19%) casesincluding 26/52 (50%) males and 17/32 (53.1%) females were positive for anti-HEV IgG (p=0.95). Among the 43 cases positive anti-HEV IgG 8 cases including 5 (9.61%) males and 3 (9.37%) females tested posi- tive for anti-HEV IgM (p=0.729) while the HEV RNA was negative in HD patients. Thedistribution of anti- HEV IgG was 62.75% and 33.33% among the age group >50 and <50 respectively (p=0.015).
Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies (51.19%) were observed among the HD pa- tients while the HEV RNA testednegative in HD patients. The rate of HEV IgG is significantly higher with increased age. Further investigation require to identify the factors account for high seroprevalence of HEV in Ahvaz HD units.
Association between Maternal Selenium Exposure and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Zijian , Zhu Tong , Zhu Jun , Zhang Nannan
Published: October 2022

Background: The association between congenital heart defects (CHDs) and selenium (Se) is still unclear. We aimed to systematically review and quantitative analyze the potential relationship between maternal Se exposure and CHDs in the offspring.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from inception up to August 2021 for relevant studies. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed through Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The Standard mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to compare maternal Se levels between CHDs groups and control groups using a random-effects model.
Results: Four articles covering five studies were included in the systematic review, and three articles covering four studies were included in the meta-analysis. One study measured Se concentrations in maternal hair and found a positive correlation between high concentrations and increased risk of CHDs in offspring. However, one study on cord blood, and one on whole blood illustrated that Se exposure was associated with decreased risk of CHDs. There was no significant association found between serum Se levels and CHDs in two studies. Pooled results showed decreased Se levels in the circulation of mothers with CHDs offspring (SMD = -108.27, 95% CI: -192.72, -23.82), with statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.8%, P < 0.001) but not in hair, as compared with controls.
Conclusion: Low maternal Se status may be associated with increased risk of CHDs in offspring. However, further larger-scale studies with strict and consistent design methods are still required to investigate this issue.
Horizontal Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sabeena Sasidharanpillai , Ravishankar Nagaraja
Published: October 2022

Background: Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant transmission route in households, among contact sport athletes and institutionalized individuals. Children often are infected by non-sexual close contacts with an increased tendency to become chronic carriers. Hence, the awareness about various high-risk behaviours leading to horizontal transmission in the community is essential. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to assess quantitatively the pooled prevalence of horizontally transmitted HBV infection globally.
Methods: The study was started after ruling out registered or ongoing systematic reviews related to this topic in the PROSPERO database. The study protocol was documented in PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021235165. We searched electronic databases for published articles in English between 1981 and April 2021 reporting horizontal modes of hepatitis B transmission among unvaccinated contacts. Meta-analysis was carried out in STATA version 13.0 (College Station, Texas 77,845 USA). The forest plots were constructed using metaprop package in STATA.
Results: Forty-one studies were systematically reviewed and 15 studies were qualified for the meta-analysis, including 1619 hepatitis B cases and 4869 contacts. The overall pooled prevalence of horizontally transmitted HBV infection among the contacts was 38% (95% CI 30%-46%). The pooled prevalence among 3,912 household contacts from nine qualified studies was estimated as 44% (95% CI 35%-54%). The pooled prevalence rates among institutionalized individuals and contact sport athletes were 30% (95% CI 23%-37%) and 18% (95% CI 5%-32%), respectively. 
Conclusion: The likelihood of horizontal transmission of HBV is greater among household contacts of chronic carriers of HBV and institutionalized individuals.