bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Body Ingestion: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Airon Abhimanyu , Airon Neha , Airon Dhruv , Jain Swasti , Malik Roopal
Published: November 2022

Foreign body ingestion are commonly seen in children and mentally handicapped adults. Most foreign bodies pass through G.I tract without any problem. Metallic objects except aluminium, most animal bones except fish bones and glass foreign bodies are opaque on radiographs, whereas plastic and wooden foreign bodies are not opaque. Foreign body can simulate the appearance of medical device. It is important that all ultrasound, CT, nuclear medicine and MR images be interpreted in light of radiographs of the same region.

Oesophageal foreign bodies require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Patients who have symptoms of complete oesophageal occlusion and those who have ingested button batteries need urgent treatment. Main symptoms due to oesophageal foreign body are dysphagia, acute onset of pain, excessive salivation and choking. In case of suspected foreign body ingestion in children, symptoms are more notable during swallowing. Younger children may drool, vomit, refuse food or gag. Hematemesis and Cough are other symptoms.

Children most commonly ingest metal coins throughout the world. Hand Held Metal Detector (HHMD) has been found to be radiation free, cost effective and an accurate method in diagnosing and localizing coins ingested by children.

Besides history and physical examination, radiology is a very important diagnostic tool in diagnosing and localizing ingested foreign body. Plain radiographs of cervical and chest region done in posteroanterior and lateral views help to identify foreign body and its location. Barium swallow examination is done in case of negative radiographs.

Two cases of foreign body ingestion has been reported in this article.

Case 1 is an adult male and case 2 a six year old female child. Both of them developed sudden chest pain, dysphagia, excessive salivation and choking after eating fruits. Diagnosis of foreign body oesophagus was made on barium studies and fruit seed was removed on endoscopy in both of them.

Aims of this article are to:-

Outline the evaluation of a patient who has ingested a foreign body.

Highlights various modalities for diagnosis of ingested foreign body.
Hysterosalpingographic Indications and Findings among Women Presenting to Radiology Department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Akagbue Vivian Ndidi , Nonye-Enyidah Esther I. , Aderibigbe Gbenga Jacob
Published: November 2022

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is one of the imaging modality used in evaluating females presenting with complaints of infertility. Infertility is not just the issue of the couples alone both the extended family is involved in the typical African environment, therefore it is essential to identify possible causes and proffer solutions where possible.

Aim: This study is aimed at documenting the indications and findings among women presenting for hysterosalpingographic studies in the Radiology Department of Rivers State University teaching Hospital (RSUTH).

Setting and Design: A retrospective study, was conducted at the Radiology and the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Departments of a tertiary hospital.

Materials and Methods: Assessment of patients who had Hysterosalpingography (HSG) done from 1st January, 2020 to 31st May, 2022 in the Radiology Department of RSUTH. Biodata and indications for the study were obtained from the request forms and the HSG findings were also obtained from results pool.

Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: A total of 305 women data were analyzed. The age of the study group was between 21 to 48years with a mean age of 35.21±5.48years. Majority of the age group was 31-35years (n=96, 31.5%). Secondary infertility (n=216, 70.8%) was the most common indication for HSG. Normal HSG was seen in 84(27.5%) of the patients and others had one pathology or the other. Commonest uterine pathology is uterine fibroids (n=100, 32.8%) and bilateral tubal occlusion (n=47, 20.8%) is the most frequent tubal pathology. There was a significant association between age and tubal occlusion (P=0.007).

Conclusion: HSG is still a valuable tool for investigating women in gynaecological clinics. Tubal occlusion is the prevailing pathology from this study and secondary infertility is the most common indication for HSG.
Account of the Discovery of the Supposed Cemetery of the Hospital of St John the Baptist, at Hospitalfield, near Arbroath
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: November 2022

A report on the excavation of a field in Hospitalfield near Arbroath where human remains were discovered in 1860-61. Given that over 100 mostly complete skeletons were discovered laid out in regular rows, the author speculates that the site may have been a cemetery for the Hospital of St John the Baptist. The article concludes with a brief history of the area, including the possible location for the Hospital of St John the Baptist and a chronology of the area’s landowners.
Notes of an 'Eirde House' at Bogfechil, parish of Udny
Authors: Temple William
Published: November 2022

This article gives the dimensions of an underground dwelling found in Aberdeenshire in 1862. No analysis of the construction is offered, but the author does note that some pottery and animal remains were found inside the souterrain.
An Account of Two Barrows at Spottiswood, Berwickshire, opened by Lady John Scott
Authors: Scott Lady John , Simpson J Y
Published: November 2022

Lady John Scott describes an excavation in 1862 that unearthed three cists, the remains of an enclosing wall, and what she suggests may be the remains of a chimney. Several artefacts were found during the excavation, as well as deposits of human and animal bones. A second site nearby was also excavated at the time, although only small cists were discovered.
Notice of various attempts which have been made to Read and Interpret the Inscription on the Newton Stone, Garioch, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Thomson Alexander
Published: November 2022

The author collates attempted translations of the inscription found on the Newton Stone that he requested from scholars across Europe. He begins with a brief description of the stone and its inscription. When describing the various interpretations of the inscription, the author includes the schoalr’s methodology, assumptions and conclusions.
Professor P. A. Munch. (with plate)
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Robert Dickson, a corresponding member of the Society, created a photolithographic print of the woodcut portrait mentioned on p173. A plate of this image is attached alongside errata for the obituary given at the 1863 Anniversary Meeting (see pp.169-189).
Notice of Monoliths in the Island of Mull
Authors: McLauchlan Thomas
Published: November 2022

The author notes that although there are several possible theories for the purpose of standing stones and stone circles in Scotland, it is generally accepted that they are pre-Christian sites. The article goes on to discuss a line of standing stones on the Ross of Mull, beginning at the crossing to Iona and continuing for several miles. The local understanding of these stones is that they were used as place markers for pilgrims trying to reach Iona. The author points out that this means the stones were early Christian monuments rather than Pre-Christian. He discusses other standing stones and stone circles that might be Christian sites but acknowledges that some sites are more likely to be Pre-Christian.
Appendix: Part I
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Chapter I: Principal Types of the Cup and Ring Cuttings

Chapter II: Some of the Chief Deviations from the Generic Types

Chapter III: Modes of Production of the Sculpture
Appendix: Part 3
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Chapter VI: Lapidary Sculpturings in Ireland

Chapter VII: Lapidary Sculpturings in Brittany

Chapter VIII: Lapidary Sculpturings in Scandinavia
Meeting Notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 April 1867.
Meeting Notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 May 1867.
Meeting Notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 January 1868.
Remarks on the Carved Ceiling and Heraldic Shields of the Apartment in Holyrood House, commonly known as 'Queen Mary's Audience Chamber.'
Authors: Laing Henry
Published: November 2022

The author discusses the importance of the carved oak ceiling in the Audience Chamber of Holyrood Palace in terms of its significance to both art and heraldry. The article concludes with a description of the heraldic shields on the Holyrood ceiling and an attempt to date when the ceiling was carved.
Meeting Notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 March 1868.
Meeting Notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 June 1868.
Notes made during a wandering in the West Highlands; with Remarks upon the Style of Art of some Monumental Stones at Iona, and in other Localities
Authors: Drummond James
Published: November 2022

This paper examines tombstones and crosses found in the West Highlands. The author explains that some of these monuments have been moved from their original locations and others, such as the tombstones in Kilmartin, have been deliberately damaged. He also notes that monuments on Iona have been placed upside down and briefly comments on the common symbols found on medieval tombstones in these locations.
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary Meeting the usual Society business was concluded including a report on the visitors to the Society's museum and how the collections expanded over the year. Following the death of two of the Society’s Honorary Members, John Henry Parker and M Fracisque Michel were elected to replace them. It was noted that on 23rd December 1868, C E Dalrymple proposed that the Council admit Lady Associates to the Society. At the Anniversary Meeting this motion was debated and approved.

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1869 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 11 January 1869.
Notice of Remarkable Cists in a Gravel Bank near Kilmartin; and of Incised Sculpturings of Axe Heads, and other Markings on the Stones of the Cists
Authors: Mapleton R J
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the location and dimensions of a cist near Kilmartin. The author describes the incised sculptures and axe-head markings found in the cist, but does not offer an interpretation of them.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes 9 May 1870. The meeting began with the Secretary John Stuart giving an obituary for Sir James Y Simpson who died 6 May 1870.
Preliminaries for Part I
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Table of contents for Part I

Note on the donation by Edouard Lartet, of a collection of flint and bone weapons, &c., found in the caves of Dordogne, France in 1863
An Inquiry as to the Birthplace of St Patrick
Authors: Turner J H
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 January 1871.
Descriptive Catalogue of the Roman Consular and Family Coins (Denarii) in the Cabinets of the Museum of the Society
Authors: Sim George
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Notice of the Excavation of the Pictish Towers at Cinntrolla, Carnliath, and Craig-Carril in Sutherland, with Notes on Neighbouring Brochs; and an appended Report by T. Aitken, M.D., F.A.S.L., Inverness, on the Crania found in and about them
Authors: Joass J M
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 February 1873.
Notice of some Unpublished Records of Gold and other Mines in Scotland
Authors: Patrick R W Cochran
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper was read, but that the records were too lengthy to be suitable for publication in the Proceedings.]
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 June 1875.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Several obituaries for deceased Fellows were read at the Anniversary meeting, before the usual business was concluded. Nubers of visitors to the Society's museum and donations to the Society from the previous session were also recorded.

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1875 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 April 1876.
Notice of a Small Figure in Jet of St James the Greater, recently presented to the Museum by James Gibson Craig, Esq., FSA Scot.
Authors: Anderson Joseph
Published: November 2022

A previously unclassified artefact from the museum was identified by Joseph Anderson as a pilgrim’s badge dedicated to St James. The author uses this item to begin a discussion of early Christian pilgrimage and the hagiography of St James. He also describes some other pilgrim’s badges and the matrices used to create them. The article concludes with a discussion of lead tokens that were produced to provide income for abbeys and to commemorate events such as the Festival of Fools, as well as the nineteenth century forgeries of these items.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 11 January 1875.
Preliminaries for Part II
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Table of contents for Part II

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1875-6

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (November 1870)

List of the Fellows November 1876

List of Honorary members November 1876

List of the Lady Associates of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland November 1876

Front matter for full Volume 11

Contents for full volume
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was read to the Board of Trustees including the number of visitors to the Society's museum, the donations to the Society in the last session, and the change in the number of Fellows. Brief obituaries for notable deceased Fellows were then read.

 

Meeting notes for 11 December, 1876 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 April 1877.
Notes on the Secular and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Culross
Authors: Hallen Arthur W
Published: November 2022

The author discusses the history and architecture of Culross. He first focuses on the domestic and secular buildings, before arguing for the importance of Bordie Tower in medieval communications. He concludes by examining the architecture of the three churches in Culross.
John Earl of Gowrye, and the Alleged Conspiracy at Perth, August 5, 1600
Authors: Laing David
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Notice of Several Sculptured Stones at Meigle, Perthshire, still undescribed
Authors: Galloway William
Published: November 2022

Several fragments of sculptured stones were discovered following a fire that destroyed the church at Meigle in 1869. The stones were broken to be used as building materials. The author describes their remaining decorative elements in detail. The paper is accompanied by illustrated plates showing the stones described.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 February 1879.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 April 1879.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 June 1880.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for Volume 14 

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1879-80

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 

List of the Fellows November 1880

List of Honorary members November 1880

List of the Lady Associates November 1880
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 May 1881.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 15 June 1881.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for Volume 15

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1880-1

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 

List of the Fellows November 1881

List of Honorary members November 1881

List of the Lady Associates November 1881
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for Volume 18

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1883-4

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 

List of the Fellows November 1884

List of Honorary members November 1884

List of the Lady Associates November 1884
Adverse Maternal and Delivery Outcomes in Children and Very Young (Age ≤13 Years) US Adolescents Compared With Older Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Pineles Beth L. , Harris Anthony D. , Goodman Katherine E.
Published: November 2022

This study uses a US claims database to compare morbidity and delivery outcomes among pregnant 10- to 13-year-olds vs 14- to 17-year-olds and 18- to 19-year-olds.
Centring Civilisation: Now and After the Apocalypse
Authors: de Salvatierra Alberto
Published: November 2022

The intersection of cities, bodies and politics and their material flows creates an interdisciplinary platform for new radical urbanisms. Alberto de Salvatierra, founder and director of the Center for Civilization and assistant professor of urbanism and data in architecture at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, believes we are at a critical perturbation in human society, that all that has been stable for some time is now changing, more voices are being heard, and one dominant point of view is no longer predicated.
A Cottage to Breathe In: Refusing Museums, Making Homes
Authors: Wolff Ilze
Published: November 2022

Rhodes Cottage is a house‐museum dedicated to the life of Cecil John Rhodes – imperialist, mining magnate, politician and former Prime Minister of the Cape Colony in South Africa. Ilze Wolff is a co‐director of Wolff Architects, who were recently commissioned to make a future‐looking strategy for the site and its buildings within this politically loaded historical context.
Reclaiming Their Future: Riotous Resistance and Indigenous Creativity in South America's Highest Metropolis
Authors: Bjork‐James Carwil
Published: November 2022

Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, cultural anthropologist Carwil Bjork‐James recounts the recent history of Bolivia and its struggles and ambitions to recognise grassroots ways of occupying its urban fabric. Focusing on the dyad of El Alto/La Paz, he illustrates both mistakes and progress, and shines a light on the ability and tenacity of the country's indigenous and working‐class inhabitants to take matters into their own hands through protest and urban interventions.
The Eruv as Legal Fiction: Changing Rules in the Public Realm
Authors: Bernbaum Piper
Published: November 2022

Assistant Professor at the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism at Carleton University in Ottawa, Piper Bernbaum finds magic in ‘legal fictions’, and especially the Jewish eruv. While many legal fictions offer privileges to individuals and create spatial systems of power, the eruv is not exclusive; it includes the existing urban fabric of the city and all its people, and on the Sabbath emancipates the orthodox community to provide an extended domain of domestic space.
101 Ways to Refuse a Wall
Authors: Travieso Chat
Published: November 2022

AN INSTRUMENT OF CONTAINMENT, SUBDIVISION, OWNERSHIP OF SPACE, COLONISATION, AND RACIAL AND POLITICAL DIVIDE, THAT MOST UBIQUITOUS OF ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS – THE WALL – CAN ALSO BE DÉTOURNED, REAPPROPRIATED, DEMOLISHED AND RE‐ADORNED. ARTIST AND DESIGNER, AND CO‐FOUNDER OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY PRACTICE YEJU & CHAT, CHAT TRAVIESO LOOKS AT DIFFERENT WAYS OF SUBVERTING THE FUNCTION OF A WALL AS A BARRIER BY EITHER DISREGARDING IT, APPROPRIATING IT, CIRCUMVENTING IT OR ABOLISHING IT, AND THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THESE ACTIONS.
Meanwhile Bodies: Architecture Without Property
Authors: Smith Cathy
Published: November 2022

The meanwhile use of properties provides a quick fix for the problems of urban blight and wasted building assets, but we also need to better consider the experiences of those who temporarily occupy them. Australian architect and Senior Lecturer in Interior Architecture at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Cathy Smith explains the concept of ‘meanwhile’ and illustrates some of the spatial opportunities that can be used to momentarily ease the precariousness that some of the world's populations find themselves in.
Engineering Nanoclay Edges to Enhance Antimicrobial Property against Gram‐Negative Bacteria: Understanding the Membrane Destruction Mechanism by Contact‐Kill
Authors: Wang Jie , Meng Yuhang , Jiang Zhiyi , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Fu Liangjie , Yang Huaming
Published: November 2022

The overuse or abuse of antibiotics has led to serious health problems. During the recent decades, among the various methods used in antibacterial applications, some nanoclay minerals are proved antibacterial or inhibitory to the bacterial growth. However, the antibacterial mechanism of contact‐kill based on the intrinsic structure of nanoclays is still unclear. Here, the antibacterial ability of pure clay is enhanced by creating more edge surfaces on kaolinite (Kaol) and the antibacterial mechanism is clarified at the atomic level. Based on experiments and density functional theory/molecular dynamics  calculations, the positively charged Al(OH) and Al(OH2) species on the edge surfaces of Kaol are confirmed to kill the Escherichia coli cells through direct contact by destroying their outer membrane (OM). The strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces between OM and (110)/(10) surfaces of Kaol lead to the folding of OM. Simultaneously, the proton‐coupled electron transfer between Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (10) edge surface of Kaol causes the dissociation of phosphoryl groups on LPS. Considering the similarities of most nanoclayson their edge surfaces, this finding may shed some light on the development of new nanoclay‐based antibacterial materials in the future.
High‐Quality 0D Cs4PbBr6‐Based Dense Wafer for High‐Sensitivity X‐Ray Detection and High‐Resolution Imaging in Harsh Environment
Authors: Chen Huanyu , An Baoyi , Peng Guoqiang , Wang Shuo , Li ZhenHua , Sun Jie , Lan Wei , Fu Jiajia , Wang Haoxu , Ding Liming , Jin Zhiwen
Published: November 2022

The use of metal halides promotes the development of X‐ray detectors (XDs) owing to their excellent X‐ray absorbance, electrically benign defects, and large mobility−lifetime (µτ) product. Yet the severe baseline drift, size limitation, large dark current, and mediocre stability are still waiting to be solved. Herein, high density size‐scalable Cs4PbBr6 wafer‐based XD is constructed by the hot isostatic‐pressed method for the first time. Meanwhile, different Br− vacancy (VBr) concentration‐based Cs4PbBr6 is realized. The role of VBr in electrical structure and charge transport is highlighted by density functional theory and experimental measurement. Moreover, the further study points the 0D structure endows Cs4PbBr6 with high activation energy for ionic transport (1044 meV) and bandgap (3.88 eV), which finally results in an ultra‐stable baseline and thermal stability. On the basis of efficient response (7068 µC Gyair−1 cm−2), reliable current output, ultra‐low detection limit (1.75 nGyair s−1), high spatial resolution (5.2 lp mm−1 at modulation transfer function = 0.2), fast response speed and radiation stabilities (>1000 Gyair), the high‐resolution X‐ray images under broad energy range (20–160 keV) are realized on both single‐pixel and linear scanning mode, thus holding huge potential for medical diagnosis, safety inspection, and outer space detection.
Terpolymer Donor with Inside Alkyl Substituents on Thiophene π‐Bridges toward Thiazolothiazole A2‐Unit Enables 18.21% Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Liuyang , Meng Lei , Zhang Jinyuan , Qin Shucheng , Zhang Jianqi , Li Xiaojun , Li Jing , Wei Zhixiang , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2022

PM6 is a widely used D–A copolymer donor in the polymer solar cells (PSCs). Incorporating second electron‐withdrawing (A2) units into PM6 backbone by ternary D–A1–D–A2 random copolymerization strategy is an effective approach to further improve its photovoltaic performance. Here, the authors synthesize the PM6‐based terpolymers by introducing thiazolothiazole as the A2 units connecting with thiophene π‐bridges attaching alkyl substituent towards the A2 unit (PMT‐CT) or towards D‐unit (PMT‐FT), and study the effect of the alkyl substituent position on the photovoltaic performance of them. Two terpolymers PMT‐FT‐10 and PMT‐CT‐10 are obtained by incorporating 10% A2 units in the terpolymers. The film of PMT‐CT‐10 shows slightly up‐shifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels while better co‐planar structure than that of PMT‐FT‐10. Meanwhile, the PMT‐CT‐10:Y6 blend film exhibits better molecular packing properties, more proper phase separation and more balanced hole and electron mobilities, which are beneficial to more efficient exciton dissociation, efficient charge transport and weaker bimolecular recombination. Consequently, the PMT‐CT‐10 based PSCs obtain the highest power conversion efficiency of 18.21%. The results indicate that side chain position on the thiophene π‐bridges influence the device performance of the terpolymer donors, and PMT‐CT‐10 is a high efficiency polymer donor for the PSCs.
Deposition of Horizontally Stacked Zn Crystals on Single Layer 1T‐VSe2 for Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Yuyin , Wong Hoilun , Wang Jun , Peng Weiliang , Shen Yidi , Xu Mengyang , An Qi , Kim Jang‐Kyo , Yuan Bin , Goddard William A. , Luo Zhengtang
Published: November 2022

Owing to the moderate redox potential and high safety, Zn metal anodes have been garnering great attention. However, the poor reversibility and limited‐service period caused by side reactions and dendrites hinder their applications. Here, a novel anode material consisting of a hexagonal 1T‐Vanadium diselenide (1T‐VSe2) film on graphene is developed as a zincophilic template to epitaxially electrodeposit hexagonal closest packed Zn to replace the conventional metal substrates in Zn batteries. The 1T‐VSe2/Zn anode induces a horizontally (002)‐oriented plate‐like Zn crystal deposition morphology instead of randomly oriented grains that prompts the compact Zn deposition. According to density functional theory calculations, the VSe2 substrate exhibits a higher Zn adsorption (−0.54 eV) than the graphene (−0.38 eV) or neat Zn (−0.48 eV) counterparts, leading to the enhanced zincophilicity and a lower nucleation overpotential, in agreement with the experimental results. The force field‐based molecular dynamics simulations visualize Zn nucleation and morphological evolution at the atomistic level. The rapid adatom diffusion on VSe2 leads to layer‐by‐layer Zn electrodeposits with higher fraction of the (002) facets to effectively prohibit dendrite formation. The symmetric cell with 1T‐VSe2/Zn delivers an ultra‐stable cyclic life of 2500 h with 50 mV overpotential at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2.
Selection on early survival does not explain germination rate clines in Mimulus cardinalis
Authors: Muir Christopher D. , Van Den Elzen Courtney L. , Angert Amy L.
Published: November 2022

Premise

Many traits covary with environmental gradients to form phenotypic clines. While local adaptation to the environment can generate phenotypic clines, other nonadaptive processes may also. If local adaptation causes phenotypic clines, then the direction of genotypic selection on traits should shift from one end of the cline to the other. Traditionally, genotypic selection on non‐Gaussian traits like germination rate have been hampered because it is challenging to measure their genetic variance.

Methods

Here we used quantitative genetics and reciprocal transplants to test whether a previously discovered cline in germination rate showed additional signatures of adaptation in the scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis). We measured genotypic and population level covariation between germination rate and early survival, a component of fitness. We developed a novel discrete log‐normal model to estimate genetic variance in germination rate.

Results

Contrary to our adaptive hypothesis, we found no evidence that genetic variation in germination rate contributed to variation in early survival. Across populations, southern populations in both gardens germinated earlier and survived more.

Conclusions

Southern populations have higher early survival but it is not caused by faster germination. This pattern is consistent with nonadaptive forces driving the phenotypic cline in germination rate, but future work will need to assess whether there is selection at other life stages. This statistical framework should help expand quantitative genetic analyses for other waiting‐time traits.
Putting the system in systemic racism: A systems thinking approach to advancing equity
Authors: Watson Erin R. , Collins Charles R.
Published: November 2022

Generations of scholars and activists have argued that racial inequities emerge not only because of racist ideologies but also from a hierarchical system of racial oppression. This theoretical tradition has highlighted numerous ways in which systemic racism manifests itself, from racist policies to differential access to material conditions and power. However, given that by definition systemic racism is focused on systems, theories of systemic racism would be more comprehensive and actionable by drawing on scholarship related to systems thinking. Systems thinking is a conceptual orientation that aims to understand how different types of systems function over time. This paper builds on the work of previous scholars to propose a systems thinking approach to understand and strategically disrupt racist systems. We provide a typology of system characteristics (organized into the categories of paradigms, structures, elements, and feedback loops) that together can be used to help understand the operation of systemic racism in different system contexts. The paper also provides an approach to identify and strategically target multiple system leverage points to simultaneously disrupt the status quo of racial inequity and promote the emergence of conditions enabling racial equity. This systems thinking approach can be used to guide learning and action within an ongoing process of antiracist praxis.
High‐performance heterocyclic para‐aramid aerogels for selective dye adsorption and thermal insulation applications
Authors: Wu Wenwen , Song Qingquan , Yu Junrong , Li Na , Hu Zuming , Wang Yan , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2022

The high‐performance polymer para‐aramid (PPTA) is discovered to gel too soon during the polymerization process, resulting in poor processing performance. In this work, a homogeneous polymer solution containing heterocyclic para‐aramid (HPPTA) was successfully synthesized by introducing 2,4‐aminophenyl‐5‐aminobenzimidazole groups into the molecular chains of PPTA, and then HPPTA aerogel was prepared using a supercritical drying technique that took advantage of the HPPTA solution's excellent property of slow gelation. When the HPPTA polymer mass fraction was 1 wt%, the aerogel had the lowest density of 0.086 g cm−3 with a BET specific surface area of 376.59 m2 g−1. The HPPTA‐2 aerogel had better adsorption performance for anionic dye methyl orange, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 319.47 mol g−1; however, its adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue and neutral dye dimethyl yellow was very low, at only 19.68 and 0 mol g−1, respectively. The selective adsorption ability of HPPTA aerogel made it a simple and scalable platform for removing anionic dyes from water solutions. Furthermore, the HPPTA aerogel has outstanding thermal properties for thermal insulation applications in severe environments due to the synergistic effect of the 3D porous structure inside the aerogel and the exceptional thermal stability of the HPPTA.
Development of a single subfloor plate for a light cargo vehicle in sandwich construction
Authors: Scheibe Sebastian , Kriescher Michael
Published: November 2022

The Institute for Vehicle Concepts of the German Aerospace Center is developing new concepts for very light vehicles. One of these concepts is a light freight vehicle for urban logistics. The complete chassis is designed as a sandwich structure. Challenges in using these sandwich structures are the introduction of loads and joining technology. Additionally, the structure should be easy and efficient to produce. This leads to the question, if it is possible to use a single sandwich subfloor plate as the load‐bearing structure of this vehicle. As a solution, the implementation of through‐the‐thickness inserts, which are mounted in the production process of the sandwich structure are proposed. Validation with simulations will be presented and the production process of such structures will be illustrated.
Investing in Strategic Communications About Rate Changes
Authors: Brown Suzanne , Davis Marci
Published: November 2022

Key Takeaways

Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA) created an award‐winning messaging campaign to build awareness of the need for rate adjustments to meet short‐ and longer‐term goals and objectives.

The multipronged communications campaign emphasized the utility's mission of providing high‐quality water and service, along with the return on investment for customers.

The lessons learned during CCWA's “I'm Invested” campaign can help other utilities harness messaging to engage stakeholders and be successful amid challenging situations.
Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of yuanhuacine in rat using LC–MS
Authors: Ma Chao , Li Dan , Dang Rui , Gu Yongwei , Li Aixue , Zhao Yunan , Qi Fu , Liu Jiyong
Published: November 2022

Yuanhuacine is a Daphne‐type diterpene ortho‐ester and is one of the main active ingredients of genkwa flos. Anticancer activity of yuanhuacine has been well investigated in various tumor cells and animal models, but information on metabolism and pharmacokinetics is limited. The aims of the present study were to investigate the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiles of yuanhuacine in rat. The metabolic profile of yuanhuacine was obtained from rat plasma, urine, and feces using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of seven metabolites were detected, and the proposed metabolic pathways involved oxidation and glucuronidation. A simple and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of yuanhuacine in rat plasma. The linear range of yuanhuacine was 1–1000 ng/ml (R2 = 0.998). The intra‐ and inter‐precision (coefficient of variation %) of the assay was 3.86–6.18% and 2.65–5.75%, respectively, and the intra‐ and inter‐accuracy (relative error %) was −3.83–4.77% and −3.03–5.11%, respectively. The extraction recovery, matrix effect, stability, and incurred sample reanalysis of yuanhuacine were within acceptable levels. The established method was validated and successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic study of yuanhuacine. The absolute oral bioavailability of yuanhuacine was calculated as 1.14%, and it reached the maximum plasma concentration of 28.21 ± 2.79 ng/ml in rat plasma at 2 h in the oral dosing group. The apparent volume of distribution of intravenous and intragastric administrations was 26.07 ± 6.45 and 21.83 ± 3.54 L/kg, respectively. The half‐life of elimination of yuanhuacine was 9.64 ± 1.53 h in the intravenous dosing group.
HSQC‐NMR‐based profiling approaches for raffinose family oligosaccharides in pulses
Authors: Fels Lea , Bunzel Mirko
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

Due to insufficient resolution, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy‐based methods are limited to quantify carbohydrates. In the past, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC)‐based methods were demonstrated to be superior as the second dimension greatly improves resolution. However, whether these experiments are also suitable to determine structurally similar oligosaccharides such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) still needs to be demonstrated.

Findings

By optimizing NMR parameters, well resolved signals for the analysis of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose and the RFO raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose were identified. Application of fast HSQC methods in combination with nonuniform sampling enables analyses of sucrose and RFO in pulses (blue lupin seeds, red lentils, kidney beans) within 24 min. If the analytes are present at levels greater than 0.5 g/100 g, HSQC‐based methods provide data equivalent to an anion‐exchange chromatography‐based reference method.

Conclusions

High resolution fast HSQC‐based approaches are suitable tools to analyze complex carbohydrate mixtures as demonstrated for RFO in different pulses.

Significance and Novelty

Fast HSQC experiments were applied for the first time to analyze structurally similar oligosaccharides. In the future, this approach will be a most valuable tool to analyze complex mixtures of carbohydrates in food products.
ACNNapproach based on correlation metrics to chemical process fault classifications with limited labelled data
Authors: Yin Min , Li Jince , Li Hongguang
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a novel correlation metrics‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) classification model for chemical process fault diagnoses, creating a heuristic representation concerning process variable locations in grey correlation space (GCS) in terms of the copula entropy to guide the learning of classifiers. The proposed method based on correlation metrics can help solve the problem of insufficient information caused by a lack of labelled data. Specifically, variable correlations are fused into a heuristic matrix to provide prior knowledge for network learning in compensating data information before the CNN is employed to build the classifier for mining features in GCS. Driven by this mechanism, fault classifications in the case of small numbers of fault samples are successfully implemented. With successful simulation experiments carried out on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process platform, we found that in GCS, different fault samples can represent hugely different features, while data resulting from the same fault rarely contribute to different ones. This observation lays a solid foundation for constructing superior fault classifiers. In addition, compared with conventional approaches, the proposed method has demonstrated better fault classification performances in the case of limited labelled fault samples.
The usage of cybernetic in complex software systems and its application to the deterministic multithreading
Authors: Bozkurt Erkam Murat
Published: November 2022

Abtract

In this paper, a new cybernetic control technology that can be used in complex software systems will be introduced. In this approach, the software systems are governed by cybernetic control objects and the class libraries defining the types of these cybernetic control objects are produced by special meta‐programming platforms. In this approach, the requirements of the software to be developed are received from the programmer by meta‐programming systems before coding. Actually, the cybernetic control objects have standard design and properties and the programmers only determine the quantities and the locations of these properties before library production process. Then, the meta‐programming platforms build project‐specific class libraries based on previously determined code templates. By this way, the cybernetic control objects are constructed with optimal memory and they can receive feedback about ongoing operations on the process. With the help of the feedback coming from the process, the control objects steer the process in the line of the programmer directives. By this way, the control of the programmer on the software increases significantly. In addition, in this paper, a typical application of this approach to the multithread programming will be introduced.
A novel pilot power allocation method based on energy efficiency maximization in massive MIMO systems for future generation wireless technologies
Authors: Dikmen Osman , Pakyurek Muhammet , Kulac Selman
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel pilot power allocation method that focuses on the maximization of the energy efficiency. The core algorithm of this method, which is a dynamic approach that takes into account signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), is called pilot power allocation polarizing SINRs (PS‐PPA). The aim is to maximize the energy efficiency of the system along with the proposed pilot power allocation method using this algorithm in a multi‐cell multi‐user massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system. The algorithm determines difference between average SINR per cell and SINRs of users individually, during the scan of the whole cells sequentially. Therefore, it always updates the allocation for the latest SINR of users in power updates to improve the energy efficiency of the system. In power updates, PS‐PPA calculates weights using an exponential function of the SINR difference. This weighting function is defined for each real number, so it can always result in a specific number. In addition, the weighting function is performed in the [
] range where the power values are predefined. The energy efficiency of the system is measured in a number of simulations by calculating the average SINR per cell. Furthermore, all these performance results are obtained for equal pilot power allocation (EPPA) and water‐filling pilot power allocation (WF‐PPA) schemes. As a result of simulation results, proposed pilot power allocation method has proven to be more superior than EPPA and WF‐PPA methods.
Morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of the parasitic wasp Baryscapus dioryctriae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Chen Qi , Li Lanqin , Kang Guoqing , Zuo Tongtong , Zhang Kaipeng , Song Liwen , Zhu Xiaoyan , Ke Haoqin , Huang Minjia , Zhao Jingyi , Wang Zizhuo , Yu Qiling , Liu Qingxin , Zhang Junjie , Ren Bingzhong
Published: November 2022

Baryscapus dioryctriae is an endoparasitic wasp in the pupae of many Pyralidae pests, such as Dioryctria mendacella, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Chilo suppressalis. To provide requisite background for our ongoing research on the mechanisms of host location in B. dioryctriae, the morphology, abundance, distribution, and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The geniculate antennae of B. dioryctriae are composed of scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Eight types of sensilla including Böhm sensilla, chaetica, trichodea, basiconic capitate peg, campaniformia, placodea, coeloconica, and sensilla styloconicum with a long hair were identified on both sexes. Sexual dimorphism exists in the antennae of B. dioryctriae. The number of flagellomere in males is over females, and the subtypes and abundance of sensilla are also different between the sexes. Additionally, the possible functions of distinct sensilla were discussed, which varies from olfaction, contact chemoreceptive, mechanoreception to hygro‐/thermoreception, especially, the sensilla trichodea and placodea might be involved in olfactory perception in B. dioryctriae. These results provide an essential basis for further study on chemical communication between B. dioryctriae and their hosts, and contribute to the development of B. dioryctriae becoming an effective biocontrol agent against the pests of agriculture and forestry.
Different clinical and genetic features of Alagille patients with progressive disease versus a jaundice‐free course
Authors: Chiang Che‐Ming , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Ho Ming‐Chih , Lai Ming‐Wei , Li Huei‐Ying , Chen Pei‐Lung , Lee Ni‐Chung , Wu Jia‐Feng , Chiu Yu‐Chun , Liou Bang‐Yu , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Huey‐Ling
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with variable clinical courses. This study investigated the clinical and genetic features of ALGS patients with different outcomes and analyzed the liver pathology at liver transplantation (LT) compared with that in biliary atresia (BA).

Methods

We report the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and genetic mutations of 25 children with ALGS followed for a median of 7.3 years. Patients were classified into (i) jaundice‐free (JF) group (resolving jaundice after 2 years of age); (ii) progressive disease (PD) group (persistent jaundice or progressive cholestasis). In addition, we analyzed the explant liver in 10 ALGS patients compared with 20 age‐matched BA patients at the time of LT.

Results

Nine patients (36%) in the JF group had a favorable outcome, with longer native liver survival than patients with PD (n = 16, P < 0.001). Fourteen of the PD group patients received LT or died. We identified 18 different JAG1 mutations in 22 patients. Three unrelated probands in the JF group had the same de novo mutation in JAG1, c.2122‐2125delCAGT. Compared with BA children, ALGS patients had lower METAVIR scores in liver pathology, higher serum albumin levels, and lower weight‐for‐age z‐scores when receiving LT.

Conclusion

One‐third of ALGS patients had JF and a favorable course. Children with ALGS presenting with persistent jaundice beyond 2 years of age should be cautioned for poor prognosis. ALGS patients tend to have a lesser extent of cirrhosis, and more growth problems than BA patients at the time of LT.