bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A validated LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in beagle plasma: Application to an absolute bioavailability study
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Jian , Tang Xiao , Zhang Zunjian , Tian Yuan
Published: December 2021

A highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of both simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA) in beagle plasma was developed and successfully applied to an absolute bioavailability study. Lovastatin (LV) was used as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed using electrospray ionization and selective reaction monitoring in positive mode at m/z 441.0 → 325.0 for SV, 459.0 → 343.0 for SVA and 427.0 → 325.0 for the IS, respectively. The assay procedure involved a simple liquid–liquid extraction of SV, SVA and LV from beagle plasma into methyl tert‐butyl ether. Separation of SV, SVA and the IS was achieved on a Shim‐pack VP‐ODS column (150 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a binary gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (15:85, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated over the range of 0.25–500 ng/ml for SV (r2 ≥ 0.9923) and 0.24–481.23 ng/ml for SVA (r2 ≥ 0.9987). The results of method validation for accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within the acceptance criteria. The values of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA in beagles were 2.97 and 25.40%, respectively. It is the first study developed for the measurement of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA acid in beagles.
Improving Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter by Introducing Quasi‐Degenerate Orbital Distribution
Authors: Yang Hao‐Yu , Zhang Ming , Zhao Jue‐Wen , Pu Chun‐Peng , Lin Hui , Tao Si‐Lu , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are essential for the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To better understand and develop red TADF emitters, herein, the effect of quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution was investigated on their performance. Two red TADF emitters 10,10'‐(11,12‐difluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐3,6‐diyl)bis(10H‐phenoxazine) (DPXZ‐BPF) and 10,10',10”‐(12‐fluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐3,6,11‐triyl)tris(10H‐phenoxazine) (TPXZ‐BPF) were constructed by combining two or three phenoxazine (PXZ) donor units with a rigid coplanar acceptor core. As expected, a couple of PXZ units can induce quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution by virtue of the high steric hindrance between each donor unit and acceptor core, which enables multiple excited states engaged in the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. Consequently, DPXZ‐BPF and TPXZ‐BPF exhibit fast RISC rates (kRISCs) of 1.07 × 106 s–1 and 1.29 × 106 s–1 and high PLQYs of 74.6% and 81.1%, respectively. And the higher kRISC and PLQY of TPXZ‐BPF are mainly attributed to the additional quasi‐degenerate orbitals, which further enhance the triplet RISC process and the singlet radiative process. As a result, TPXZ‐BPF‐based OLEDs achieved improved efficiencies with a red‐shifted emission compared with DPXZ‐BPF‐based OLEDs. These results demonstrated the tremendous potential of introducing quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution in developing red TADF emitters.
Digital stress management in cancer: Testing StressProffen in a 12‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Børøsund Elin , Ehlers Shawna L. , Clark Matthew M. , Andrykowski Michael A. , Cvancarova Småstuen Milada , Solberg Nes Lise
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Cognitive‐behavioral stress management interventions are associated with improved psychological well‐being for cancer survivors. The availability of, access to, and outreach of these in‐person interventions are limited, however. The current study, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of StressProffen, a digital application (app)–based stress management intervention for cancer survivors, in a 12‐month randomized controlled trial.

METHODS

Cancer survivors 1 year or less after their treatment (N = 172) were randomized to the StressProffen intervention (n = 84) or a usual‐care control group (n = 88). The intervention was delivered in a simple blended care model: 1) 1 in‐person introduction session, 2) 10 app‐based cognitive‐behavioral stress management modules, and 3) 2 follow‐up phone calls. Stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), self‐regulatory fatigue (Self‐Regulatory Fatigue 18), and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL; RAND‐36) were examined at the baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Generalized linear models for repeated measures were fitted to compare effects over time.

RESULTS

Participants were mainly female (82%), had a mean age of 52 years (standard deviation, 11.3 years; range, 20‐78 years), and had a variety of cancer types (mostly breast cancer [48%]). Over the 12‐month study time, the intervention group reported significantly decreased stress (P < .001), depression (P = .003), and self‐regulatory fatigue (P = .002) as well as improved HRQOL (for 6 of 8 domains, P ≤ .015) in comparison with controls. The largest favored effects for the intervention group were observed at 6 months: stress (estimated mean difference [MD], –5.1; P < .001), anxiety (MD, –1.4; P = .015), depression (MD, –2.1; P < .001), self‐regulatory fatigue (MD, –4.9; P < .001), and HRQOL (7 of 8 domains; P ≤ .037).

CONCLUSIONS

Digital stress management interventions such as StressProffen have the potential to extend the outreach of psychological interventions and provide easily available and effective psychosocial support for cancer survivors.
Certain investigations on image segmentation algorithms on synthetic aperture radar images and classification using convolution neural network
Authors: G Srinitya , D Sharmila , S Logeswari , S Daniel Madan Raja
Published: December 2021

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation is the most important step in detecting the land and sea areas in many applications like military in particular. This article experiments four prominent image segmentation algorithms on SAR images and we propose a hybrid method to segment SAR images, which shows better efficiency. First among them is OTSU thresholding method that segmented the image with less interest in the texture component. Further, adaptive thresholding, artificial bee colony segmentation, and wavelet transforms were experimented; wavelet transforms give better segmentation results compared to thresholding methods. In this article, wavelet along with masking threshold including segmentation method is proposed, which gives a better result based on texture and executes in almost the same time as other methods and the segmented images give better classification results using convolution neural network when compared to other methods.
CPHEN‐011: Comprehensive phenotyping of murine lung resident lymphocytes after recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: Shenoy Anukul T. , Lyon De Ana Carolina , Barker Kimberly A. , Arafa Emad I. , Martin Ian M. C. , Mizgerd Joseph P. , Belkina Anna C.
Published: December 2021

Recovery from pneumococcal (Spn) pneumonia induces development of tissue resident memory CD4+ TRM cells, BRM cells, and antibody secreting plasma cells in experienced lungs. These tissue resident lymphocytes confer protection against subsequent lethal challenge by serotype mismatched Spn (termed as heterotypic immunity). While traditional flow cytometry and gating strategies support premeditated identification of cells using a limited set of markers, discovery of novel tissue resident lymphocytes necessitates stable platforms that can handle larger sets of phenotypic markers and lends itself to unbiased clustering approaches. In this report, we leverage the power of full spectrum flow cytometry (FSFC) to develop a comprehensive panel of phenotypic markers that allows identification of multiple subsets of tissue resident lymphocytes in Spn‐experienced murine lungs. Using Phenograph algorithm on this multidimensional data, we identify unforeseen heterogeneity in lung resident adaptive immune landscape which includes unexpected subsets of TRM and BRM cells. Further, using conventional gating strategy informed by our unsupervised clustering data, we confirm their presence exquisitely in Spn‐experienced lungs as potentially relevant to heterotypic immunity and define CD73 as a highly expressed marker on TRM cells. Thus, our study emphasizes the utility of FSFC for confirmatory and discovery studies relating to tissue resident adaptive immunity.
Considering ecological determinants of youth mental health in the era of COVID‐19 and the Anthropocene: A call to action from young public health professionals
Authors: Oswald Tassia K. , Langmaid Georgia R.
Published: December 2021

In 2019, young Australians reported that two of their top concerns were ‘climate change and the environment’ and ‘mental health’. The events of 2020/2021, such as the ongoing climate emergency, the Australian bushfires, and the COVID‐19 pandemic, reflect the human‐induced environmental issues young people are most worried about and have also exacerbated the mental health issues which they already reported to be at a crisis point back in 2019. Given experiences of mental illness in adolescence are associated with poorer mental health across the lifespan, it is becoming increasingly important to address ecological determinants of youth mental health in the Anthropocene. However, despite the inclusion of ecological determinants of health in seminal health promotion frameworks, health promotion has been described as ‘ecologically blind’, emphasising social determinants of health at the expense of ecological determinants of health. A socio‐ecological model, which equally considers upstream social and ecological factors, should be applied to youth mental health issues. Using the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, we demonstrate how the ecological determinants of health may be incorporated into health promotion approaches targeting youth mental health. We also call for the health promotion sector to consider a number of actions to work towards achieving a transition to ecological determinants of health being at the forefront of health promotion activities. This commentary, written by young public health professionals, hopes to build on the momentum garnered by youth activists around the world and bring attention to the importance of ecological determinants of health for youth mental health promotion in the era of COVID‐19 and the Anthropocene.
Is hormone replacement for endometrial preparation associated with pregnancy loss in frozen‐thawed single‐blastocyst transfer cycles
Authors: Cai He , Tian Li , Wang Hui , Shi Juanzi
Published: December 2021

Hormone replacement for endometrial preparation seemingly increases the risk of miscarriage; however, it is not in isolation a risk factor for biochemical pregnancy loss.
Interference chemically synthesized dsRNA decreased IL‐1β expression in PC12 cells and its functional implication
Authors: Dan Qi‐Qin , Xia Qing‐Jie , Wang Ting‐Hua
Published: December 2021

Objective

RNA interference (RNAi), a kind of gene silence, could regulate gene expression so as to be used as a useful technology for the treatment of disease. IL‐1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in diverse diseases. This study aimed to explore the detailed protocol for the inhibition of IL‐ 1β, which is avaiable for its preclinic usage.

Methods

We used PC12 cells to explore the effective interference fragment of IL‐1β in vitro, and quantitative‐PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the expression of IL‐1β.

Results

The transfection efficiency of IL‐1β was more than 90% with the concentration of 50nM and 80 nM qPCR, it showed the most effective interference fragment for IL‐1β in PC12 cells was F3, which may be useful to pre‐clinic trial in future.

Conclusion

PC12 cells were employed to screen the effective interference fragments for IL‐1β and confined the most effective interference fragment as F3 which could be served as the regulating agent of IL‐1β in future pre‐clinic trial.
The progress of olfactory ensheathing cells in the treatment of brain ischemia
Authors: Zhang Chao
Published: December 2021

Brain ischemia is commonly encountered in clinical practice, and the treatment strategies for brain ischemia were limited. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), as important glial cells, are available to the transplantation for the treatment of brain ischemia. A few studies confirmed that OEC administration could reduce the volume of infarct, promote neurological function recovery and nerve regeneration in rats with bran ischemia. OEC can express several trophic factors in vitro culture, and cell cultures can be regulated by using certain nutritional factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, other cultured nerve cells have a similar effect. These findings suggest neurotrophic factors (NTFs) may mainly contribute to the effect of OEC administration. However, there are still some problems on OEC transplantation for the treatment of brain ischemia. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current situation of OEC administration in brain ischemia, and discuss some problems on the clinic use of OEC for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Recognition of mechanisms in lung injury caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Yan , Liu Jia
Published: December 2021

Acute cerebral ischemic diseases, such as cerebral infarction and cerebral thrombosis, are common and frequently‐occurring diseases among the aged people with a high mortality rate. After the attack of the cerebral ischemic reperfusion disease, certain organ functions were impaired, even worse with the occurrence of multiple organs failure. The failure of various organs could aggravate the original brain injury and further leade death. It was important to study the prevention and treatment of the multiple organ injury induced by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion especially for lung injury. This review focused on the role of oxygen free radicals inflammatory cytokines in lung injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
Current status of autophagy in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Huang Jin , Li Jin‐Tao
Published: December 2021

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury has been particularly noticed with the development of medicine. More and more experiments showed that autophagy plays different roles in different stages of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury, either protective or damaging, which needs to be clarified. This article provides an overview of the cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury pathway, autophagy signaling pathway and autophagy related ischemia‐reperfusion injury, and in order to provide clinical and basic research on the role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. We hope that the summarization involved in autophagy can help us understand the mechanism so as to provide several information for translational study about brain ischmeia.
Recent advances in bone marrow stromal cell trans‐plantation to animals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Yuan Hao
Published: December 2021

As a kind of myeleterosis, spinal cord injury (SCI) could cause crush injury, contusion, hemisection at different degrees. Meanwhile, the transection of the spinal cord could result in severe neurologic dysfunction and disability which bring enormous disadvantages to patients and their families. It is urgent to find out an effective therapy for SCI. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from bone marrow which are able to differentiate into many cell types to repair numerous tissues, tendon, and cardiac muscle. BMSCs are also been used to support the recovery of light‐damaged retinal and cardiomyocyte regeneration. BMSC transplantation applied to SCI rats has been investigated for many years, but new methods combined with BMSCs transplantation are always on the way. This review was focused on the application of BMSCs in SCI.
Relationship between interleukin‐6 and brain ischemia
Authors: Hu Yue , Xu Yang
Published: December 2021

Ischemic stroke is the most common disease of nervous system associated with high mortality worldwide. After the primary injury, secondary injury is caused by activation of the immune response due to an influx of neuro‐inflammatory cells increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and edema. Inflammatory factors, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), are suspected to play a role in arterial thrombogenesis. IL‐6 has a double role of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responding to the brain injury. Many of its effects are caused by trans‐signaling. However, the relationship between IL‐6 and brain ischemia remains unclear. Here we tried to review the role of IL‐6 in brain ischemia and summarized the underlying molecular mechanism.
Effect of sevoflurane inhalation on electrophysiology and ultrastructure of hippocampus in neonatal rats
Authors: Zhao Peng‐Cheng , Zhong Yuan‐Ping , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Yang Yang , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Jiang Jun‐Li , Gong Tao‐Wu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: December 2021

Objective

The hippocampal neuron electrophysiology and structure might be the basis of postoperative cognitive function‐related diseases after anesthesia. Here, we examined whether sevoflurane inhalation affected the electrophysiological and ultrastructural morphology of the hippocampal neurons.

Methods

The rats were randomly divided into the air/oxygen and Sevoflurane group (SEV group). The air/oxygen group inhaled carrier gas (1 L/min O2 + 1 L/min air) for 2 hours; The SEV group inhaled 3.4% sevoflurane & carrier gas for 2 hours. After that, the hippocampal electrophysiology signals were observed 1 week after anesthesia. Then, Transmission Electron Microscope was used to observe the neuron cell morphology, structures, and related synaptic morphology in hippocampi.

Results

Compared with the air/oxygen group, the numbers of spontaneous discharge and the values of maximum current significantly decreased in the SEV group, and the neuron cytoplasm edema and organelles also were damaged.

Conclusion

The results showed that sevoflurane could weaken the electrophysiological signals of hippocampal neurons and damage the ultrastructure of neurons.
Construction of the gene network in the spinal cord injury treated by coptidis rhizoma based on network pharmacological and molecular docking
Authors: Wang Yi‐Bo , Wang Qiu‐Lin , Yuan Hao , Sai Min , Zuo Zhong‐Fu , Wang Tin‐Hua
Published: December 2021

Objective

To explore the potential molecular network mechanism of coptidis rhizoma in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

Methods

The compounds of coptidis rhizoma and therapeutic targets for SCI were predicted and screened from TCMSP. Genes related to SCI were searched in GeneCards. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the key targets were screened. The drug‐component‐target‐pathway network was constructed. AutoDock software was used for molecular docking verification.

Results

Fourteen compounds were screened from coptidis rhizoma, consisting of 148 potential targets, 133 of which were related to SCI. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cysteine aspartate protease 3 (Casp3), proto‐oncogene protein c‐Jun (Jun), cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2), and proto‐oncogene protein c‐Myc (Myc) were constructed as an interaction network. The biological processes involved in the treatment of SCI by coptidis rhizoma mainly include adenylate cyclase‐inhibiting G protein‐coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active components in Coptis chinensis had a stable binding activity with the core target.

Conclusion

The treatment of SCI by coptidis rhizoma involves multiple targets, to promote neuronal survival, inhibit nerve cells apoptosis, in the process of SCI, which is useful to understand the mechanism of coptidis rhizoma for the treatment of SCI in future clinical applications.
Neurological recovery and efficacy of posterior per‐cutaneous pedicle internal fixation combined with full‐endoscopic debridement and intravertebral bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Meng , Yuan Hao , He Qing , Cao Guang‐Ru , Chen Tai‐Yong , Kong Wei‐Jun , Ao Jun , Xin Zhi‐Jun , Cai Yu‐Qiang
Published: December 2021

Background

The traditional open surgery in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis has the disadvantages of greater trauma, with more intraoperative bleeding and long postoperative hospitalization days. With the development of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) and spinal endoscopic systems, the minimally invasive spine surgery technique was increasingly being used by surgeons because it minimizes trauma, and patients experience faster recovery. The purpose of this study was to discuss the efficacy and clear indications of this treatment.

Methods

The clinical data of thirty‐one patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis treated by posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with full‐endoscopic debridement and intravertebral bone grafting were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative imaging manifestations and clinical results were compared, and the postoperative complications were observed with a follow‐up for more than 1 year.

Results

Compared with values before the operation, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were significantly decreased at 3 months after operation and at the last follow‐up. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level were decreased at 3 months after surgery and at the last follow‐up, and no significant reduction was observed in the Cobb angle at 3 months after operation or at the last follow‐up. In addition, imaging examinations showed that the necrotic material in vertebral bodies was adequately resected.

Conclusion

One‐stage percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with full‐endoscopic focus debridement and intravertebral bone grafting can achieve the purpose of removing the focus of thoracolumbar tuberculosis, restoring neurological function, and reconstructing spinal stability. It was a safe and feasible surgical method and its surgical indications were clarified.
SNAP25 protects primary cortical neurons from hypoxic‐ischemic injury associated with CREB signal
Authors: Jin Yuan , Zhang Chao , Fang Xu , Fang Chang‐Le , Chen Jie , Du Ruo‐Lan , Hu Qiao , Dong Liang , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong , Wang Ting‐Hua
Published: December 2021

Background

Hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could induce exacerbated changes and unpredictable effects in brain cells, and the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

HIE model was established in neonatal rats, Zea‐Longa score and TTC staining were used to observe the neurobehavior and brain infarct volume in rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia (HI). Primary cortical neurons were then cultured in vitro to establish an oxygen and glucose deprivation model. To determine the role of synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 (SNAP25) in HIE, PC12 cells were cultured and effective siRNA fragments were screened, and SNAP25 was transfected into primary neurons. Then, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression level and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons before and after the injury. Finally, the abundance values of SNAP25 and its associated genes were filtered using the NCBI and GeneMANIA, respectively.

Results

HI leads to a decrease in neuronal number and an increase in SNAP25 expression. Whereas, the interference of SNAP25 caused marked decrease in neuronal number and the length of neurite. Moreover, the expression levels of CREB and SYP were significantly decreased after interference of SNAP25.

Conclusion

SNAP25 exhibited several neuroprotective effects to neuronal protection in neonatal cerebral HI by regulating CREB and SYP.
Research progress of IGF‐1 and cerebral ischemia
Authors: Li Shun‐Lian , Li Jing , Zhou Hong‐Su , Xiong Liu‐Lin
Published: December 2021

Cerebral ischemic disease is a group of diseases that cause insufficient blood supply to the cerebrum, cerebellum or brain stem for different reasons, resulting in corresponding nervous system symptoms. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Among them, the death caused by cerebral ischemia accounts for the vast majority, and it is one of the fatal diseases in the middle‐aged and elderly at present. Epidemiologic studies have projected increasing mortality due to cardiovascular disease worldwide (about 23.3 million people by 2030) because of the aging population. However, related studies have shown that insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1) is a multifunctional cell proliferation regulator. It plays an important role in cerebral ischemia. It is effective in promoting cell differentiation, proliferation and individual development. Studies have shown that IGF‐1 signaling pathway is a key pathway controlling cell growth and survival. There may be five mechanisms in cerebral ischemia: prevention of intracellular calcium overload, inhibition of the upregulation of nNOS, IGF‐1upregulations activating HIF‐1α, regulation of Bcl‐2 to resist apoptosis, and enhancement of vascular endothelial function. Three critical nodes in the IGF‐1 signaling pathway have been described in cardiomyocytes: protein kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (InsP3)/Ca2+. IGF‐1 plays an important role in cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia, mainly by activating downstream of IGF‐1, controlling cell death and differentiation or transcription work, improving the function of heart muscle cells, reducing the myocardial cell apoptosis induced by myocardial infarction, regulating endogenous protection and restoration of cerebral ischemia injury, thus protecting cerebral and myocardial injury. Related studies have shown that bcl‐2 exerts great influence on both cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, the relevant pathways and targets of cerebral ischemia and myocardial ischemia and the role of IGF‐1 in protecting the heart are reviewed in this paper.
Discoveries of the specific expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampus of rats after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Juan , Pan Yuan‐Tao , Chen Jun‐Jie , Wang Yi , Zhou Hong‐Su , Huang Xue‐Yan , Liao Shi‐Xia
Published: December 2021

Objects

Explore the relationship between the neural function deficit and the changes of lncRNA and mRNA in hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.

Methods

Twenty male rats weighted 200‐240 grams were randomly divided into sham group and TBI group. Neurologic severity score (NSS) was performed after operation, and the hippocampus of rats was collected for long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs microarray detection, real‐time quantitative PCR Detecting System (Q‐PCR), western blot (WB) detection, and serum biochemical detection.

Results

The NSS score of the TBI group was significantly higher than the sham group. Compared with the sham group, 270 lncRNAs changed in the TBI group, of which 224 were up‐regulated and 46 were down‐regulated. Among up‐regulated lncRNAs, mRNAs were distributed in upstream of 22 lncRNAs, downstream of 17 lncRNAs, overlapping regions of 48 lncRNAs, and antisense chains of 21 lncRNAs. Among down‐regulated lncRNAs, mRNAs were distributed in upstream of 6 lncRNAs, downstream of 3 lncRNAs, overlapping regions of 10 lncRNAs, and antisense chains of 8 lncRNAs. Compared with the sham group, 1054 mRNA changed in the TBI group, of which 921 mRNA were up‐regulated and 133 mRNA were down‐regulated. The expression changes of ENSRNOT000063054, ENSRNOT000052790, ENSRNOT00000054410, ENSRNOT000063242, and ENSRNOT000069411 IncRNA regulate the expression of Top2a, RT1‐CE11, Papss2, Stk32a, and Grid2 gene.

Conclusion

The present study detected the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampi of rats subjected to TBI, and discussed their relation, primarily.
Aberrant TDP‐43 phosphorylation: a key wind gap from TDP‐43 to TDP‐43 proteinopathy
Authors: Huang Zi‐Qi , Ba Zhi‐Sheng , Huang Nan‐Qu , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Luo Yong
Published: December 2021

TDP‐43 proteinopathy is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases related to the TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43‐kDa molecular weight (TDP‐43). The typical neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and so on. As the disease process cannot be blocked or slowed down, these patients have poor quality of life and poor prognosis, and bring a huge burden to the family and society. So far, the specific pathogenesis of TDP‐43 proteinopathy is not clear, and there is no effective preventive measure and treatment program for this kind of disease. TDP‐43 plays an important role in triggering or promoting the occurrence and progression of TDP‐43 proteinopathy. The hyperphosphorylation of TDP‐43 is undoubtedly an important factor in triggering or promoting the process of TDP‐43 proteinopathy. Hyperphosphorylation of TDP‐43 can inhibit the degradation of TDP‐43, aggravate the aggregation of TDP‐43 protein, increase the wrong localization of TDP‐43 in cells, and enhance the cytotoxicity of TDP‐43. More and more evidences show that the hyperphosphorylation of TDP‐43 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TDP‐43 proteinopathy. Inhibition of TDP‐43 hyperphosphorylation may be one of the important strategies for the treatment of TDP‐43 proteinopathy. Therefore, this article reviews the role of TDP‐43 phosphorylation in TDP‐43 proteinopathy and the related mechanisms.
A cohort study on the relationship between education level and high‐risk population of stroke
Authors: Yu Yan‐Yan , Lei Dan , He Qiong , Chen Wei
Published: December 2021

Objective

To explore the relationship between education level and high‐risk population among stroke screening populations in Zunyi City, China.

Methods

The cluster sampling method was adopted to collect the medical history, laboratory examinations and physical examinations for the permanent residents of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Taking education level as a key socioeconomic status (SES) indicator, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of high‐risk groups with different education levels.

Results

Among the included 4149 subjects, 494 were in the high‐risk group and 3655 were in the non‐high‐risk group. The proportion of the high‐risk population with education level ≥ high secondary school (8.7%) was significantly higher than that of the low‐risk population. After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the OR of those with education leve l ≥ high secondary school was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9‐4.2), which was significantly higher than those with education level of illiterate/primary school. In the model adjusted for all confounding factors, compared with illiterate/primary school, people with education level ≥ high secondary school were more likely to be at high risk of stroke (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.9‐4.6).

Conclusion

Education level ≥ high secondary school is an independent influencing factor for the high‐risk population of stroke in Zunyi, which may be related to smoking and lipid metabolism abnormalities of people with high education level. Key interventions for high‐risk populations with high education levels may have positive significance in reducing the incidence of stroke.
Single cell sequencing technology and its application in Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy research
Authors: Chen Ting‐Bao , Zhou Hong‐Su , Xiong Liu‐Lin
Published: December 2021

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the common etiology of neonatal morbidity and mortality, which exerts a negative seriously influence for the growth and development of children, and even threatens their life. Therapeutic methods are timely not adopted, it will cause serious irreversible damage to the neonatal nervous system. As no promising therapeutic strategies exist currently, it is important to elucidate the pathological mechanism for HIE, which requires us to explore the nucleic acid molecules, protein, and cell function in HIE patients, and to understand the process of the onset and progression, then research and invent better treatment methods and therapeutic drugs. Single cell sequencing (SCS) exhibits an distinctive advantages in cells research because of the particularity of each cell. This method solves an puzzle about heterogeneit, which could not be solved with multi cell sample research, and provides a new idea and perspective for the un‐elucidated and events further analyzed, such as the behaviors, mechanisms and the relationship between single cell and organism in cell population. It also plays an extremely significant role in the basic research and precision medicine. Some studies have suggested that SCS serves a vital function in the study of HIE. Therefore, this review is aim to elaborate SCS and hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury, and trace the role of microglia in HIE, and prospect its unknown and undiscovered mechanism by SCS.
Research status and prospect of peri‐extubation delirium
Authors: Jiang Rui , Zhu Yi , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: December 2021

Peri‐extubation delirium is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple factors, and it is not a simple disease. It occurs within a period of time after extubation when the effect of general anesthesia is reduced. And the incidence is different in disparate populations, and it is more common in elderly patients. Current studies have shown that iatrogenic factors and patients' own factors are the main risk factors for the syndrome. Early identification of risk factors can help clinicians make early diagnosis. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment begin, the more significantly the prognosis of patients can be improved. At present, the treatment of perioperative delirium is based on non‐drug therapy, supplemented by drug therapy. This review will introduce in detail the risk factors, population status and prevention measures of delirium during peri‐extubation, and look forward to the new research direction in the future.
Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction by nitric oxide leading to resistance against Alternaria alternata in Hami melon
Authors: Wei Jia , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Ping , Wu Bin
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Hami melons are tasty and nutritive, but susceptibility to the fungus Alternaria alternata is one of the main problems leading to the postharvest loss of this fruit. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitric oxide (NO) on regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as signal transduction against black spot disease caused by A. alternata in the Hami melon.

RESULTS

Nitric oxide reduced the growth of lesion diameter and lesion depth in melons inoculated with A. alternata. Ethylene production was significantly inhibited by NO, which was supported by the reduction of 1‐aminocyclopropene‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) activity and the deferment of ACC content and ACC oxidase (ACO) activity. Nitric oxide treatment also significantly regulated the expression of four ethylene biosynthesis genes CmACS1, CmACS2, CmACO1, and CmACO2, and eight signal ethylene transduction genes CmETR1, CmETR2, CmCTR1, CmEIN2, CmEIL1, CmEBF1, CmERF1B and CmERF2. The modes of NO regulating these genes can be divided into five categories: promotion (CmEIN2, and CmEIL1), delay (CmACS1, CmETR2, CmCTR1 and CmERF2), up‐regulation (CmETR1, CmEBF1 and CmERF1B), down‐regulation (CmACS2), and first inhibition and then induction (CmACO1 and CmACO2).

CONCLUSION

The NO treatment enhanced the postharvest disease resistance of Hami melon attacked by A. alternata, possibly by postponing ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
C∗‐index of observable algebra in the field algebra determined by a normal group
Authors: Qiaoling Xin , Tianqing Cao , Lining Jiang
Published: December 2021

Let G be a finite group and H a normal subgroup. By D(H; G), we denote the crossed product of C(H) and
, which is only a subalgebra of the quantum double D(G) of G. One can construct a C∗‐subalgebra
of the field algebra
of G‐spin models, such that
is a D(H; G)‐module algebra. The concrete construction of D(H; G)‐invariant subalgebra
of
is given. Moreover, the C∗‐index of the conditional expectation
from
onto
is calculated in terms of the quasi‐basis for zH.
Preparation and properties of 100% renewably sourced poly(trimethylene ether) glycol‐based waterborne polyurethane with perfluoropolyether unit
Authors: Chen Tianxiang , Zhang Qingqing , Xu Xianghong , Zhu Yun , Wang Guiyou
Published: December 2021

A series of fluorinated waterborne polyurethane (FWPU) with different fluorine contents were synthesized via a self‐emulsifying method from 100% renewably sourced poly(trimethylene ether) glycol and perfluoropolyether (PFPE). All the FWPU dispersions exhibited good storage stability with average particle size ranging from 65 to 85 nm. Compared with the neat WPU, the water contact angle of FWPU‐15 film was significantly increased to 100° when the PFPE content was 15 wt%, and the surface tension was reduced to 19.9 mN/m. The hydrophobicity of the FWPU films was further enhanced after being annealed at 140°C for 3 h due to the migration of fluorine‐containing segments to the surface as revealed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis. With the introduction of PFPE in FWPU, the micro‐phase separation between hard and soft segments was increased. Meanwhile, the tensile strength, hardness, and modulus of the films were significantly enhanced. The FWPU films exhibited excellent water resistance (water absorption down to 4.8%) and coating properties. Overall, this work provides a new kind of bio‐based waterborne polyurethane materials with superior hydrophobic properties, which have potential applications in coating fields.
Metagenomics studies for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Zarei Ali , Javid Hossein , Sanjarian Sara , Senemar Sara , Zarei Hanieh
Published: December 2021

Aim

Mutation occurs in the prostate cell genes, leading to abnormal prostate proliferation and ultimately cancer. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers amongst men, and its prevalence worldwide increases relative to men's age. About 16% of the world's cancers are the result of microbes in the human body. Impaired population balance of symbiosis microbes in the human reproductive system is linked to PC development.

Discussion

With the advent of metagenomics science, the genome sequence of the microbiota of the human body has been unveiled. Therefore, it is now possible to identify a higher range of microbiome changes in PC tissue via the Next Generation Technique, which will have positive consequences in personalized medicine. In this review, we intend to question the role of metagenomics studies in the diagnosis and treatment of PC.

Conclusion

The microbial imbalance in the men's genital tract might have an effect on prostate health. Based on next‐generation sequencing‐generated data, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes are the nine frequent phyla detected in a PC sample, which might be involved in inducing mutation in the prostate cells that cause cancer.
When School Comes to Community: Considering the Socioethnic Environment in Educational Reform for Gypsy Populations in a French City
Authors: Giband David
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I explore the dynamics of an educational reform aimed at transforming individual and collective attitudes towards school among Gypsy/Roma families living in urban spaces of advanced social marginality. In Perpignan, Gypsy/Roma people are highly marginalized, living in a deprived urban environment (violence, unemployment, poor housing conditions, female-headed households, problematic night life) and following their cultural and customary rules and values. These play a crucial role in weak school performance. In 2005, city riots pushed municipal, community, and educational stakeholders to act. Policymakers implemented an experimental national policy in Perpignan from 2007 to 2015, in which they treated education as the cornerstone of necessary change. This public policy opened schools to their social and ethnic environment, as socioenvironmental settings were utilized as a performative tool for school achievement and success.
The Rise of Ultra Large Container Vessels: Implications for Seaport Systems and Environmental Considerations
Authors: Jungen Hendrik , Specht Patrick , Ovens Jakob , Lemper Burkhard
Published: December 2021

The development of the global container fleet has followed a clear trend towards ever larger ships over the last 25 years. Particularly striking in this regard is the rise of the dimensionally largest ships, the so-called Ultra Large Container Vessels or ULCVs that can no longer pass through the new locks of the Panama Canal. While recent events such as the six-day blockade of the Suez Canal by the Ever Given have revealed environmental and safety risks of deploying these vessels, even the scheduled and smooth operation generates a whole range of challenges, impacts and costs that come at the expense of external stakeholders. The article aims at identifying these external effects as related to seaport systems as well as environmental considerations by consolidating insights from the scientific and professional discourse.
Modeling Individualized Sustainable Last Mile Logistics
Authors: Trapp Markus , Luttermann Sandra , Rippel Daniel , Kotzab Herbert , Freitag Michael
Published: December 2021

The online grocery trade has received an additional boost from the Covid pandemic. The delivery of such purchases places particular demands on last mile logistics since consumers demand more and more individualized delivery options, e.g., regarding the delivery arrival or the type of transport. At the same time, many consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious, so there is a need to examine further how this particular consumer behavior affects the sustainability of deliveries. This paper develops and presents a simulation model, which considers grocery delivery under different framework conditions. The examined scenarios show that a change in consumer behavior directly impacts last mile logistics systems, mainly by increasing the total number of orders and a slight reduction in emissions through improved vehicle utilization. Nevertheless, the results show that without sufficiently high utilization of delivery vehicles, shopping trips by private car may cause fewer emissions.
Semantic Digital Twins for Retail Logistics
Authors: Kümpel Michaela , Mueller Christian A. , Beetz Michael
Published: December 2021

As digitization advances, stationary retail is increasingly enabled to develop novel retail services aiming at enhancing efficiency of business processes ranging from in-store logistics to customer shopping experiences. In contrast to online stores, stationary retail digitization demands for an integration of various data like location information, product information, or semantic information in order to offer services such as customer shopping assistance, product placement recommendations, or robotic store assistance.

We introduce the semantic Digital Twin (semDT) as a semantically enhanced virtual representation of a retail store environment, connecting a symbolic knowledge base with a scene graph. The ontology-based symbolic knowledge base incorporates various interchangeable knowledge sources, allowing for complex reasoning tasks that enhance daily processes in retail business. The scene graph provides a realistic 3D model of the store, which is enhanced with semantic information about the store, its shelf layout, and contained products. Thereby, the semDT knowledge base can be reasoned about and visualized and simulated in applications from web to robot systems. The semDT is demonstrated in three use cases showcasing disparate platforms interacting with the semDT: Optimization of product replenishment; customer support using AR applications; retail store visualization, and simulation in a virtual environment.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for diagnosing blunt cerebrovascular injury in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kik Charlotte C. , Slooff Willem-Bart M. , Moayeri Nizar , de Jong Pim A. , Muijs Sander P. J. , Öner F. Cumhur
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Previous literature showed that the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is not equally comparable with that of the rarely used golden standard of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for detecting blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) in trauma patients. However, advances in CTA technology may prove CTA to become equally accurate. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CTA in detecting BCVI in comparison with DSA in trauma patients.

Methods

An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood, diagnostic odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals were determined using a bivariate random-effects model.

Results

Of the 3293 studies identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity was 64% (95% CI, 53–74%) and specificity 95% (95% CI, 87–99%) The estimated positive likelihood ratio was 11.8 (95%, 5.6–24.9), with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.38 (95%, 0.30–0.49) and a diagnostic odds ratio of 31 (95%, 17–56).

Conclusion

CTA has reasonable specificity but low sensitivity when compared to DSA in diagnosing any BCVI. An increase in channels to 64 slices did not yield better sensitivity. There is a risk for underdiagnosis of BCVI when only using DSA to confirm CTA-positive cases, especially in those patients with low-grade injuries.

Key Points

• Low sensitivity and high specificity were seen in identifying BCVI with CTA as compared to DSA.

• Increased CTA detector channels (≤ 64) did not lead to higher sensitivity when detecting BCVI.

• The use of CTA instead of DSA may lead to underdiagnosis and, consequently, undertreatment of BCVI.
Intention Attribution in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An EEG Study
Authors: Schütz Magdalena , Boxhoorn Sara , Mühlherr Andreas M. , Mössinger Hannah , Freitag Christine M. , Luckhardt Christina
Published: December 2021

The ability to infer intentions from observed behavior and predict actions based on this inference, known as intention attribution (IA), has been hypothesized to be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The underlying neural processes, however, have not been conclusively determined. The aim of this study was to examine the neural signature of IA in children and adolescents with ASD, and to elucidate potential links to contextual updating processes using electroencephalography. Results did not indicate that IA or early contextual updating was impaired in ASD. However, there was evidence of aberrant processing of expectation violations in ASD, particularly if the expectation was based on IA. Results are discussed within the context of impaired predictive coding in ASD.