bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants Reduce Tissue Necrosis in The Zone of Stasis: Review of Burn Wound Conversion
Authors: Wardhana Aditya , Halim Jessica
Published: May 2020

Summary: Severe burns are devastating condition identified by loss of hemodynamic stability and intravascular volume. Adequate fluid replacement, nutritional support, and immediate wound grafting can reduce the risk of infection and mortality. Oxidative stress was shown to have significant role in the burn wound conversion, which happens when the zone of stasis can’t be salvaged and progresses to necrosis. Decreasing the level of oxidative stress early may be fundamental in reducing burn injury progression into deeper tissue. Several animal studies have demonstrated the advance of antioxidant supplementation for burns outcomes. Approach to this salvageable burn tissue is a breakthrough for new directions in burn management. Antioxidant supplementations was proven to prevent burn conversion on the ischemic zone. Administering antioxidant post-burn is linked with less progression of burn depth and inflammatory cytokine release, which alleviates burn-related morbidity and mortality and improves patient’s quality of life. To date, no clinical trials have been done to reproduce similar outcomes of this ROS-scavenging therapy as successfully observed in murine models. Antioxidant supplementation is a promising treatment avenue to halt burn wound conversion following severe burns. Keywords: Burn wound, wound conversion, burn management, antioxidant
Personal History of Diabetes as Important as Family History of Colorectal Cancer for Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ali Khan Uzair , Fallah Mahdi , Tian Yu , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Brenner Hermann , Kharazmi Elham
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) share some risk factors, including lifestyle and metabolic disturbances. We aimed to provide in-depth information on the association of CRC risk, especially early-onset CRC, with DM, family history of CRC, and age at DM diagnosis.

METHODS:

A nationwide cohort study was conducted using Swedish family cancer data sets, inpatient, and outpatient registers (follow-up: 1964–2015), including all individuals born after 1931 and their parents (12,614,256 individuals; 559,375 diabetic patients; 162,226 CRC patients).

RESULTS:

DM diagnosis before the age of 50 years was associated with a 1.9-fold increased risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (95% CI for standardized incidence ratio: 1.6–2.3) vs 1.3-fold risk of CRC at/after the age of 50 years (1.2–1.4). DM diagnosis before the age of 50 years in those with a family history of CRC was associated with 6.9-fold risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (4.1–12) and 1.9-fold risk of CRC at/after the age of 50 years (1.4–2.5). Diabetic patients had a similar lifetime risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (0.4%, 95% CI: 0.3%–0.4%) to those with only a family history of CRC (0.5%, 0.5%–0.5%), double that of the population (0.2%, 0.2%–0.2%).

DISCUSSION:

Our large cohort with valid information on DM and family history of cancer showed that DM is associated with increased risk of CRC in a magnitude close to having family history of CRC. Associations of DM and CRC family history with increased CRC risk were most prominent in young adults. These findings warrant further studies on harms, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of CRC screening in patients with diabetes, especially type 2, at earlier ages than in the general population.
“In the Nature of a Crusade”: Wartime Extraction and the Seeds of Industrialization in the Gold Coast
Authors: Lambert Keri
Published: May 2020

During the Second World War, Britain consolidated control over imperial resources, especially after the fall of Southeast Asia to Japan in early 1942. In the Gold Coast, the colonial state sought to maximize rubber output by using market incentives and implementing methods that overturned longstanding property policy and decimated rubber sources. This article looks beyond the rubber campaign’s statist objectives and straightforward consequences to explore how people in the Gold Coast engaged with and imagined new economic possibilities through the export drive. During the campaign, farmers, traders, and investors involved in producing the commodity cultivated interest in the long-term possibilities of rubber. By 1946, the wartime drive had sparked another campaign, led by people in the Gold Coast, to ensure rubber would become not a lost relic of an imperial past, but part of a diversified economy that could eventually bolster citizens’ livelihoods and strengthen national sovereignty.
Integración e identidad: un proyecto hacia la cohesión social
Authors: Ares Mateos Alberto
Published: May 2020

La construcción de la identidad es un elemento constitutivo en el desarrollo vital de las personas y de los colectivos. En nuestro mundo actual globalizado y diverso, este elemento cobra una relevancia nuclear, más si cabe desde una mirada de los flujos migratorios y la integración social. Es en el día a día donde se juegan muchas de las dinámicas identitarias, en las que se entrelazan procesos de identidad personal y colectiva, tendencias más estáticas y dinámicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar luz a los modelos de integración y de cohesión social desde los procesos de construcción identitaria, en diálogo con el modelo de integración mixto (MIM). Para este fin, se ha presentado muy enriquecedor el dialogo entre el modelo de conductas mayoritarias y minoritarias de J. L. Segundo, el enfoque de las capacidades de A. Sen, los modelos clásicos de integración de personas inmigrantes, el modelo de construcción de identidades de M. Castells, junto al estudio empírico realizado por P. Norris.
The SymbIOTics System: Designing an Internet of Things Platform for Elementary School Students
Authors: Willner-Giwerc Sara , Rogers Chris , Wendell Kristen Bethke
Published: May 2020

We describe a LEGO-compatible Internet of Things Technology (IoT) designed to enable elementary school students to learn about IoT by building their own smart, connected products. The Internet of Things is any network of physical devices that can share information over the internet. Using small, Wi-Fi enabled microprocessors, Grove sensors, digital fabrication tools, LEGO bricks, and the LabVIEW programming interface; an IoT system was designed specifically for use in elementary school classrooms. This design case details the barriers to entry that exist for using the Internet of Things with young students, the design decisions made to lower those barriers to entry, and the results of a pilot study conducted using the developed technology with second-grade students.
Tożsamość młodzieży wietnamskiego pochodzenia w Republice Czeskiej
Authors: Kasprzak Tomasz
Published: May 2020

The article presents an image of the identity of young Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, most of the Vietnamese were left, and over time this minority started to grow (now they number more than 57,000 people). Multivariate social transformations, manifested in the continuous creation of the modern world, contribute to the difficulty of capturing and unambiguously identifying the notion of identity. Identity is primarily a social phenomenon, is closely related to values accepted in a given society, is present in its culture, and is strongly rooted in social consciousness. Multidimensional and multidimensional identity undoubtedly shapes the problem of self-awareness among Vietnamese youth.
Taalmonument – implant języka
Authors: Wawrzyniak Sandra
Published: May 2020

Can a language be successfully implanted from one continent to another? History has recorded similar cases more than once, but only once this operation was commemorated by a monument –a testimony to the presence of the only one “indigenous” Indo-European language on the Africancontinent. The first part of the article will outline the history of the presence of Europeans in South Africa and the key moments affecting its current socio-linguistic situation. The history and development of the Afrikaans language will be described, with particular emphasis on its role in building White South Africa and the Apartheid system. The next part will present the idea and circumstances of the creation of the Taalmonument – a monument dedicated to the Afrikaans language. It will discuss its individual elements and their characteristics from the viewpoint of the Apartheid ideology. In the next part, the author will present the reaction of the black population of South Africa to the creation of the monument, and the controversy surrounding this building after the overthrow of the system, on the basis of a strongly existing revisionist discourse. In conclusion, the author will present possible new readings of old content and ideas related to the development and maintenance of Taalmonument.
VARELA, Julia, PARRA, Pilar e CUBERO, Alejandra: Memorias para hacer camino. Relatos de vida de once mujeres españolas de la generación del 68, Morata, 2016, 265p.
Authors: Oca González Luzia
Published: May 2020

Recensión sobre a obra conxunta de Julia Varela, Pilar Parra e Alejandra Val Cubero
Will COVID-19 Drive Innovation Within Medical Education and Residency Training?
Authors: Kharbach Youssef , Khallouk Abdelhak
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by The World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, on March 22 the Moroccan government adopted the texts relating to the implementation of the state of health emergency including quarantine and physical distancing. Subsequently, students, residents, and faculty should adapt to this unpredictable situation. Our medicine faculty had quickly transitioned the entire medical education program to online formats to prevent delays in educational progress. As professors, we have the mission of maintaining high-quality resident education. Technology gave us the possibility to ensure correct medical education. Professors of our faculty are sharing their practices with their peers to satisfy graduation requirements on time and achieve quality online learning.
Effectively Engaging with Indigenous Communities through Multi-Methods Qualitative Data Collection and an Engaged Communications Plan
Authors: Swanson Lee Alan , Leader Joelena , Landrie-Parker Dazawray
Published: May 2020

A research project on social and economic capacity building through Aboriginal entrepreneurship employed a highly engaged approach with communities in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The involved communities were viewed as research partners, and the research team applied a comprehensive communications plan to provide community members with relevant and timely information about the project and summaries of its outcomes as those results emerged. The study was designed to empower those who traditionally had been viewed as participants on whom research could be conducted, and ensure that the research was instead conducted with and for them. This research project encouraged youth and adults to express their perspectives in new and engaging ways that gave them the opportunity to more meaningfully have their voices heard. One important outcome from engaging more with communities was that research team members felt more engaged with their own project.
Research as Reciprocity: Northern Cree Community-Based and Community-Engaged Research on Wild Food Contamination in Alberta’s Oil Sands Region
Authors: Baker Janelle
Published: May 2020

In this paper I suggest that it is possible to participate in research as an act of reciprocity; when a community asks a researcher for help on a specific topic, the application of that researcher’s skills can be one of the ways they show appreciation for being welcomed into a place. I also argue that a researcher needs to be sensitive to, and participate in, systems of respect and reciprocity belonging to the people, ancestors, and sentient landscape of the place they are doing research. I critique the extraction of traditional knowledge in the traditional land use consultation industry in Alberta, Canada that is used in place of the Federal Government’s duty to consult First Nations regarding their Treaty rights. As an alternative to traditional land use assessments I provide a description of the methods used in projects that test Fort McKay First Nation and Bigstone Cree First Nation’s wild foods for contaminants resulting from oil sands activities in northern Alberta’s Treaty No. 8 region.
A School-Based Intervention for Mental Illness Stigma: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Link Bruce G. , DuPont-Reyes Melissa J. , Barkin Kay , Villatoro Alice P. , Phelan Jo C. , Painter Kris
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the effectiveness of a school-based curriculum, Eliminating the Stigma of Differences (ESD), in improving attitudinal and/or behavioral contexts regarding mental illness in schools and increasing the likelihood that youth seek treatment for mental health problems when needed.

METHODS:

We conducted a cluster randomized trial in sixth-grade classes from 14 schools in 2011 and 2012 with follow-up at 6-month intervals through 24 months (2012–2015). Using a fully crossed 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we compared ESD to a no-intervention control and to 2 comparator interventions: (1) contact with 2 young adults with a history of mental illness and (2) exposure to antistigma printed materials. We implemented interventions in classrooms in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse school district. There were 416 youth who participated in the follow-up, and 312 (75%) of these participated for the full 2 years. Outcome measures were knowledge and positive attitudes, social distance from peers with mental illness, and mental health treatment seeking.

RESULTS:

Youth assigned to ESD reported greater knowledge and positive attitudes and reduced social distance (Cohen’s d = 0.35 and 0.16, respectively) than youth in the comparator interventions and no-intervention groups across the 2-year follow-up. Youth with high levels of mental health symptoms were more likely (odds ratio = 3.51; confidence interval = 1.08–11.31) to seek treatment during follow-up if assigned to ESD than if they were assigned to comparator interventions or no intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:

ESD shows potential for improving the social climate related to mental illnesses in schools and increasing treatment seeking when needed. ESD and interventions like it show promise as part of a public mental health response to youth with mental health needs in schools.
POSTURAS HACIA LA MOVILIDAD HUMANA INTERNACIONAL CONTEMPORÁNEA EN MÉXICO. UNA EXPLORACIÓN COYUNTURAL
Authors: Mejía-Reyes Carlos , Hernández-Armas Carlos Augusto , Ortíz-Ávila Elsa
Published: May 2020

El proceso de traslado de personas hacia distintos territorios en busca de mejores condiciones por razones materiales o desventuras ocasionadas por fenómenos naturales ha sido motivo de conceptualizaciones destinadas a explicar únicamente el cambio de un territorio a otro de sujetos protagonistas, dejando fuera acontecimientos que los circundan con posibilidades explicativas holísticas; para este caso, los prejuicios negativos hacia el arribo o tránsito de agentes en movilidad así como posturas solidarias. Fenómeno que en México se caracteriza por ser espacio histórico de circulación para personas centroamericanas y caribeñas que buscan ingresar a Estados Unidos en coyuntura de agudización de barreras así como de caravanas inusitadas. Tal proceso es analizado exploratoriamente desde la Encuesta Nacional de Discriminación 2017 destinada a visibilizar posturas y creencias al respecto, analizado con técnicas multifactoriales de asociación y comparativamente entre entidades federativas a partir de su vecindad con las fronteras.
ESTILOS DE APEGO DE MUJERES QUE PERMANECIERON EXPUESTAS A SITUACIONES DE VIOLENCIA EN SUS RELACIONES DE NOVIAZGO DURANTE LA ADOLESCENCIA TARDÍA
Authors: Artavia-Fallas Cindy , Carranza-Morales Marco
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio aborda el tema de la violencia experimentada por mujeres dentro de relaciones de noviazgo, durante la adolescencia tardía, desde la teoría del apego. Se trabajó con cuatro participantes, para analizar características de los vínculos a lo largo del desarrollo, con el fin de caracterizar el estilo de apego presente en mujeres que permanecieron expuestas a situaciones de violencia dentro de sus relaciones de pareja.

Para lograr lo descrito anteriormente, se utilizaron tres instrumentos. Se recurrió, primero que todo, a una entrevista de historia de vida, para conocer factores de la historia personal que han influido en la construcción del estilo de apego. Posteriormente se aplicó la Entrevista de Apego hacia los Pares (Campos, 2005) y el Autoinforme de Estilos de Apego (Bartolomew y Horowitz, 1991), con el fin de evaluar propiamente el estilo de apego predominante en la persona.

Los resultados muestran estilos de apego inseguro; en dos casos de tipo temeroso y en dos, ansioso. Esto se relaciona con la historia personal de cada participante, con factores de género y el entorno sociocultural. Analizar la dinámica de estos elementos permite comprender su influencia en la permanencia en relaciones de violencia, y así lograr un análisis integral del tema.
PERCEPCIÓN E INTERESES DEL ADOLESCENTE ANTE DISTINTAS INTERROGANTES Y TOMA DE DECISIONES COMO ESTUDIANTE DE SECUNDARIA
Authors: Pérez López Esteban
Published: May 2020

Los estudiantes de secundaria enfrentan un cúmulo de experiencias y decisiones determinantes a una edad temprana en medio de un entorno exigente y contemporáneo. Se indagó con respecto a su afinidad y dificultad por las principales materias, la modalidad preferida para generar su conocimiento, su afinidad por el uso de dispositivos electrónicos, redes sociales e internet, su proyección para la decisión de cursar estudios superiores, y otros. El estudio se realizó en tres diferentes colegios de la provincia de Alajuela (Grecia, Atenas, Pacto del Jocote) en Costa Rica.

Para la captura de la información se diseñó un instrumento de consulta (cuestionario), el cual se aplicó de manera física (en papel) a estudiantes de todos los niveles de secundaria.

Los resultados obtenidos destacan que el 64% de los adolescentes incluidos en el estudio consideran la Matemática como la materia más difícil. Un 47% de los adolescentes eligieron el área de las Ciencias como la materia que más les gusta. El 58% de los adolescentes prefieren la asignación de trabajos en grupo y exposición de los estudiantes como la opción más adecuada para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula. También destaca que todos los encuestados tienen teléfono celular, el 95% tienen internet en su celular, un 94% de ellos usan Facebook y 54% usan Whatsapp. El 81% de los estudiantes ya tiene claro que les gustaría estudiar en educación superior. El principal motivo de elección de carrera sería por la afinidad con la profesión con un 30%, seguido del buen salario que ostenta el profesional con un 26%.
RIESGOS Y MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS SOBRE USO DE REDES SOCIALES POR PARTE DEL ESTUDIANTADO QUE CURSA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA EN EL DISTRITO DE HORQUETAS, SARAPIQUÍ, HEREDIA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Schmidt-Fonseca Ileana , León-Anchía Rodolfo , Astorga-Aguilar Cristel , Luna-Angulo Jorge Manuel
Published: May 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar el uso de redes sociales en línea entre el estudiantado que cursa educación secundaria y diversificada, mediante el establecimiento de riesgos y medidas preventivas para una correcta comunicación. La investigación corresponde a un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y de carácter explicativo, la población estuvo compuesta por 1895 estudiantes distribuidos en el III nivel de Educación básica y Diversificada, correspondiente a colegios diurnos del Circuito Educativo 02 del Cantón de Sarapiquí, por lo que se optó por una muestra estadística estratificada de 320 estudiantes.  Como resultados, se determina que el 99% de los encuestados utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para comunicarse por internet, con un 96% el teléfono celular.  Se identifica que el 75% aprendió solo a utilizar internet y un 95% emplea redes sociales, un 96% WhatsApp, un 86% Facebook, el 67% Instagram y un 31% Snapchat.  Asimismo, se evidencia que el 83% de los estudiantes se encuentra solo cuando accede a redes sociales y sólo el 33% de las instituciones educativas los forma en este tema, aunado a que un 80% de los padres de familia no establece controles en su uso. Se concluye que el estudiantado de secundaria utiliza principalmente el teléfono celular para comunicarse y acceder a redes sociales en línea como WhatsApp, Facebook e Instagram,  asimismo, se establecen diferencias en relación con conocer y aplicar políticas de seguridad y privacidad en su uso, se demuestra falta de conocimiento por parte de los participantes en la acción educativa: el docente, el estudiante y los padres de familia, en cuanto a riesgos y medidas preventivas al momento de comunicarse por medio de redes sociales.
LA GUERRA COMERCIAL ENTRE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y CHINA: UN ENFRENTAMIENTO MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS ARANCELES
Authors: López-Peña Kendall Ariana , Mora-Vega Roy
Published: May 2020

El artículo realiza una reflexión sobre la coyuntura en la que Estados Unidos inició una guerra comercial contra China, posicionando al comercio internacional como un instrumento de la política internacional, para obtener objetivos que van más allá de la cuestión económica. Se considera que esta situación de crisis comercial responde a un interés de posicionamiento geopolítico por parte de Estados Unidos.

Además, se afirma que esta situación representa una afrenta al orden liberal internacional, que históricamente ha sido liderado por los Estados Unidos, pero que en esta ocasión está erosionando deliberadamente sus posturas tradicionales de libre comercio;  con el objetivo de afectar a su más cercano competidor internacional por la hegemonía global, representado por China.
OBSERVACIONES FENOLÓGICAS DE BLAKEA SCARLATINA (MELASTOMATACEAE) RESERVA BIOLÓGICA ALBERTO MANUEL BRENES, SAN RAMÓN, ALAJUELA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Brenes Cambronero Liz , Sánchez Porras Ronald
Published: May 2020

Se estudió las fenoetapas de Blakea scarlatina y su asociación con factores biofísicos, de marzo 2014 a octubre 2015. La muestra se seleccionó por orden de aparición.  Las fenoetapas se evaluaron cada mes, con escala de 0 a cuatro. Brotes foliares y caída de follaje se presentaron durante el estudio, este último excepto en junio 2014. La floración se presentó en el 64% de la investigación, esto hace a B. scarlatina una especie atractiva como ornamental. Se registraron diferencias intraespecíficas en las fenoetapas. La caída de follaje y brotes fueron inversamente proporcional con la temperatura. La floración se asoció con temperatura, caso inverso con humedad relativa. La fructificación se asoció con precipitación.
TAMAÑO ÓPTIMO DE UNIDAD EXPERIMENTAL PARA ENSAYOS EN ARROZ BAJO EL IMPACTO DE BIO-AGENTES QUE PUEDEN TENER INFLUENCIA SIGNIFICATIVA SOBRE LA VARIABILIDAD DEL SUELO EN BAGACES, GUANACASTE
Authors: Navarro-Flores Juan Ramón , Vargas-Rojas Jorge Claudio
Published: May 2020

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar si la adición de productos a base de microorganismos podrían aumentar, por medio de su dinámica natural y sus interaccione con las poblaciones de microflora y microfauna nativas, la variabilidad del suelo y por ende el tamaño óptimo de la unidad experimental para ensayos en arroz en el cantón de Bagaces, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.  Este ensayo se realizó en la misma finca donde se realizó el trabajo original en que se definió el tamaño óptimo de parcela para ensayos de arroz en la zona (Vargas y Navarro 2014). Se sembró cuatro ensayos de uniformidad, uno por cada producto utilizado; Trichoderma, Bioactivado, Nitrobacter y Micro Plus. Los datos obtenidos por este medio fueron empleados para aplicar el método de curvatura máxima. El punto de curvatura máxima -determinado por medio de la derivada parcial de la ecuación de regresión que relaciona el tamaño de la unidad experimental (X) con su correspondiente coeficiente de variación (Y)- para ningún producto superó el ámbito definido por Vargas y Navarro (2014) de 15 m2 a 20 m2. Los índices de heterogeneidad obtenidos en ningún caso superaron el valor de 0,83 (el ámbito de la escala para esta medida va de 0 a 1, donde 0 indica total homogeneidad y 1 total heterogeneidad) (Vargas y Navarro 2014) lo que demuestra que en una misma finca se pueden encontrar suelos muy diversos.  Por último, el análisis de variancia mostró diferencia entre la producción obtenida con cada uno de los productos; con el producto Bioactivado se obtuvo una producción de 17 tm/ha que triplica la producción normal de la finca.
The Phenomenon of Hypercellularity in Osteoarthritis and Modification of Synovial Fluid
Authors: Bliznyukova Ekaterina , Krylov Pavel
Published: May 2020

Articular cartilage is a thin layer of connective tissue that consists of tissue fluid and structural macromolecules, including collagens, proteoglycans, non-collagen proteins and glycoproteins without blood vessels, nerves or lymph nodes. It has a limited ability to self-healing. In addition, chondrocytes, which are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, cannot freely migrate to the site of damage from a healthy place, unlike most tissues. Because of this, even a small defect in the articular cartilage caused by mechanical damage can lead to a disease such as osteoarthritis. The task associated with the restoration of articular cartilage is complex, since conventional imaging methods can detect only progressive forms of osteoarthritis. Hypercellularity is one of the stages of the main processes occurring in osteoarthritis. At its early stages, hypercellularity has a remodeling, that is, restorative effect, but subsequently it goes into the stage of degradation, that is, a pathological process is observed. The problem of the transition of hypercellularity from a “restorative” to a “pathological” process, which is irreversible, has been poorly studied. This paperconsiders the aspects that could affect hypercellularity. The main goal of the work is to study the phenomenon of hypercellularity and proliferative activity of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage. The authors identifythe symptoms and causes of osteoarthritis, its stages and study the structural composition of the articular cartilage in order to consider the proliferative activity of chondrocytes in it. The paper investigates and analyzes thephenomenon of hypercellularity.
Natural Polymers for 3D Bioprinting of Organs
Authors: Sroslova Galina , Zimina Yuliya , Nesmeyanova Elena , Postnova Margarita
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprintingis a well-known promising technology for the production of artificial biological organs providing unprecedented versatility for manipulating cells and other biomaterials with precise control of their location in space. Over the past decade, a number of 3D bioprinting technologies have been developed. Unlike traditional manufacturing technologies, 3D bioprinting allows to produce individual or personalized fabric designs. This helps to deposit cells of the desired type with selected biomaterials and desired biologically active substances. Natural polymers play a leading role in maintaining cellular and biomolecular processes before, during, as well as after three-dimensional bioprinting. Polymers of biological origin can be extracted from natural raw materials by means of physical or chemical methods. These polymers are widely used as effective hydrogels for loading cells to form tissues, build a vascular, nervous, lymphatic network, and also to implement multiple biological, biochemical, physiological, biomedical and other functions. Any natural polymers that have a sol-gel phase transition (i.e., a gel point) under certain conditions can be printed using the automatic layer-by-layer deposition method. In fact, very few of them can be printed under various conditions (low temperature, without the help of physical, chemical, biochemical crosslinking of the incorporated polymer chains). Thus, not all natural polymers can meet all the basic requirements for 3D bioprinting. As a rule, natural polymers as the main component of various inks, which contain cells suspended in a specific medium, must meet several basic requirements for successful 3D bioprinting of organs, as well as clinical applications. These include biocompatibility, that is, non-toxic or without apparent toxicity; biodegradability (unlikenon-biodegradable polymers can be used as auxiliary structures); biostability with sufficiently high mechanical strength both at the time of processing and during operation; bioprinterness (workability). This review is devoted to modern research in the field of natural polymers used to print biological artificial organs.
Beta-Glucuronidase System, Intestinal Microflora, and Genesis of Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Al-Hemiri Ahmed , Aigazally Moaed , Novochadov Valery , Korchagina Anastasia
Published: May 2020

The review analyzes cellular and molecular aspects of the participation of intestinal microflora and related features of luminal metabolism in the occurrence and subsequent development of colon tumors, primarily colorectal cancer. The article describes the problems of increasing frequency of this disease in recent years, the participation of genetic factors in high risk of colorectal cancer progression. According to the authors, microbial associations and the consequences of the interaction between individual types of microorganisms are of importance. The role of the intestinal microflora can largely be reduced to the activity of its enzyme secretion, which changes the ratio of key metabolites in the intestinal lumen and its permeability. These alterations affect the rate of metabolism and renewal of epithelial cells. From these positions, the structural features and biochemical characteristics of betaglucuronidase, as a key enzyme involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, are considered in detail. The main information about the role of beta-glucuronidase in the clearance of xenobiotics, physiological and pathological consequences of the activity of this enzyme in the intestinal lumen are given. Modern methods for determining the activity, isolation, and purification of beta-glucuronidase, including chromogenic substrate application, are briefly described. At the end of the review, the authors present several approaches based on the use of beta-glucuronidase for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor, as an element of complex chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
COVID-19: ANÁLISE DE CASOS CONFIRMADOS EM TERESINA, PIAUI, BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Agostinho Antônio Cruz , Amaral Jackeline Vieira , Sousa Juliana do Nascimento , Fonseca Maria Clara Santos , Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Viana Camila de Meneses Caetano , Mendes Pedro Henrique Moraes
Published: May 2020

Introdução: Os coronavírus são microrganismos responsáveis por causar infecções respiratória que podem variar de quadros assintomáticos a graves. A disseminação do vírus pelo o mundo conduziu para uma posição de pandemia, a qual tem somado inúmeras vítimas. Mediante a magnitude da problemática, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de COVID-19 em Teresina-PI. Delineamento: Estudo descritivo e epidemiológico. A população do estudo foi composta por 315 casos confirmados de Covid-19, em indivíduos residentes na cidade de Teresina-PI, no período entre de março e abril de 2020. As variáveis avaliadas foram: faixa etária, sexo, óbitos confirmados por Covid-19 e casos confirmados de Covid-19 por área da cidade. Resultados: Observou-se a predominância de casos confirmados de Covid-19 em indivíduos jovens, do sexo feminino e que residem em área urbana de Teresina. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu em idosos, sendo mais predominantes em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Implicações: O monitoramento epidemiológico dos casos fortalece a necessidade da implementação de medidas preventivas, como a contenção social. Somado a isso, a ampliação da testagem na população é importante, a fim de identificar casos assintomáticos e, consequentemente, evitar a disseminação do coronavírus, tendo em vista que esses casos favorecem a cadeia de transmissão.
Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic
Authors: Almeida Bethania , Doneda Danilo , Ichihara Maria Yury , Barral-Netto Manoel , Correa Matta Gustavo , Teixeira Rabello Elaine , Castro Gouveia Fabio , Barreto Mauricio
Published: May 2020

Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.
Challenges of upgrading craft workforce into Construction 4.0: framework and agreements
Authors: Calvetti Diego , Magalhães Pedro Nuno Mêda , Sujan Sujesh Francis , Gonçalves Miguel Chichorro , Campos de Sousa Hipólito José
Published: May 2020

Craft workforce is the main productive factor in traditional construction. Construction 4.0 visions are based on automation and digitalisation, meaning that human site activities will require/stipulate changes. The extent to which manual tasks done by humans in construction will be replaced is uncertain. This might vary considering the context or type of work. Construction 4.0 includes craft workforce activities, as these can benefit from technology, fostering digital transformation in the short/medium term. The research scope is workforce–innovation–management using data from job sites. A framework is developed based on data future use involving electronic performance monitoring, building information modelling, smart contracts and artificial intelligence. A systematic scoping review is developed to identify legal/ethical issues in connection to technological aspects. The discussion and findings focus on General Data Protection Regulation compliance to apply the proposed framework. Optimised human–machine-controlled environments must be ethically managed by pre-established collective agreements and must rely on each worker’s awareness and consent. The findings suggest that the human aspects if improperly addressed could result in a bottleneck of digital transformation advances. Along with the framework, the paper provides a step-by-step, streamlined review of the regulations and requirements that need to be considered when implementing electronic monitoring of workers.
Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromunda Sol Ventrikül Kitlesi ve Diyastolik Fonksiyonlar
Authors: YILMAZ Yücel , SARIKAYA İsmet , ERYOL Namık
Published: May 2020

Amaç; Bu çalışmanın amacı; Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) olan hastalarda, 2-boyutlu ve pulse dalga doppler (PDD) ekokardiyografi teknikleri kullanılarak SV fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem; Çalışmaya polisomnografi ile OUAS tanısı konulan ve henüz tedavi uygulanmamış 40 hasta ve 28 sağlıklı birey kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Hastalara M-mod, 2- boyutlu ve PDD ekokardiyografi incelemeleri yapıldı.
Bulgular; Gruplar arasında M-mode ölçümleri ile elde edilen SV sistolik ve diyastolik çapları, ejeksiyon fraksiyonları açısından fark saptanmadı. OUAS’ li grupta SV kitle ve kitle indeksi ve SV diyastolik duvar kalınlıkları, kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla tespit edildi. Transmitral diyastolik doluş parametrelerinin PDD ekokardiyografi ile yapılan incelemesinde; OUAS grupta erken diyastolik doluma ait E dalga hızında, E/A oranlarında anlamlı azalma izlendi. E dalga deselerasyon zamanı ve izovolümetrik gevşeme zamanının OUAS’ lı grupta anlamlı olarak daha uzun saptandı. Apne-hipopne indeksi ile SV diyastolik parametreler arasında ilişki saptanmadı.
Sonuç; OUAS, altta yatan herhangi bir kalp hastalığı olmasa da SV kitlesini etkileyen ve hastalığın şiddetinden bağımsız olarak SV diyastolik fonksiyonlarını bozan bir durumdur. Bu nedenle OSAS hastaları kardiyak açıdan da mutlaka değerlendirilmelidir.
Should Children Do More Enrichment Activities? Leveraging Bunching to Correct for Endogeneity
Authors: Caetano Carolina , Caetano Gregorio , Nielsen Eric
Published: May 2020

We study the effects of enrichment activities such as reading, homework, and extracurricular lessons on children's cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We take into consideration that children forgo alternative activities, such as play and socializing, in order to spend time on enrichment. Our study controls for selection on unobservables using a novel approach which leverages the fact that many children spend zero hours per week on enrichment activities. At zero enrichment, confounders vary but enrichment does not, which gives us direct information about the effect of confounders on skills. Using time diary data available in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we find that the net effect of enrichment is zero for cognitive skills and negative for non-cognitive skills, which suggests that enrichment may be crowding out more productive activities on the margin. The negative effects on non-cognitive skills are concentrated in higher-income students in high school, consistent with elevated academic competition related to college admissions.
Propionic Acid
Authors: Ranaei Vahid , Pilevar Zahra , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Hosseini Hedayat
Published: May 2020

During the past years, there has been a growing interest in the bioproduction of propionic acid by Propionibacterium. One of the major limitations of the existing models lies in their low productivity yield. Hence, many strategies have been proposed in order to circumvent this obstacle. This article provides a comprehensive synthesis and review of important biotechnological aspects of propionic acid production as a common ingredient in food and biotechnology industries. We first discuss some of the most important production processes, mainly focusing on biological production. Then, we provide a summary of important propionic acid producers, including Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, as well as a wide range of reported growth/production media. Furthermore, we describe bioprocess variables that can have impact on the production yield. Finally, we propose methods for the extraction and analysis of propionic acid and put forward strategies for overcoming the limitations of competitive microbial production from the economical point of view. Several factors influence the propionic acid concentration and productivity such as culture conditions, type and bioreactor scale; however, the pH value and temperature are the most important ones. Given that there are many reports about propionic acid production from glucose, whey permeate, glycerol, lactic acid, hemicelluloses, hydrolyzed corn meal, lactose, sugarcane molasses and enzymatically hydrolyzed whole wheat flour, only few review articles evaluate biotechnological aspects, i.e. bioprocess variables.
Ensuring the Reliability of Fire-Arm Identification Evidence
Authors: Meintjes Lirieka , Mutsavi Tanyarara
Published: May 2020

Notwithstanding the acceptance of firearm identification by courts, the scientific community has been reluctant to recognise firearm identification as a reliable method of conclusively establishing a connection between a particular bullet and a particular gun. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in the United States (US) has categorised firearm identification as a discipline under forensic science, and forensic science has been described as a "fractured and burdened discipline". In addition, in 2009 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) concluded that forensic science is broken. With regard to firearm identification, the NAS Report emphasised the need for sufficient studies to be done because this report regarded this type of evidence as unreliable and lacking repeatability. The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) Report, released in September 2016, came to a conclusion similar to that of the 2009 NAS Report with regard to forensic science evidence. With regard to firearm identification, the report asserted that firearm identification evidence still "falls short of the scientific criteria for foundational validity". It is disturbing that courts across the globe are using different types of forensic science without subjecting them to scrutiny so as to determine their reliability. In the light of this, reliability and validity have become important factors which demand attention in Anglo-American litigation, even in jurisdictions that do not have a formal reliability standard (such as England and Wales, and South Africa). This article shows the role of cross-examination in establishing the reliability of firearm expert evidence. It also focusses on the role that South African forensic practitioners, prosecutors, defence counsels and presiding officers can play in ensuring the reliability of firearm identification evidence
Estimulação elétrica transcutânea para tratamento da dor após cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Silva , Cerqueira Natale Sena , Cordeiro André Luiz , Oliveira Alberto Manoel Sarkis , Miranda Íngara Keisle São Paulo Barretto
Published: May 2020

RESUMO
Recursos fisioterapêuticos nos desvios posturais da coluna vertebral: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Freitas Maria Gerlane , De Medeiros Sarar Maria Lopes , Câmara Gislainy Luciana Gomes
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo vai averiguar quais são as possibilidades de tratamento descritas na literatura para a escoliose, definida como curva lateral na coluna vertebral, apresentando uma leve rotação das vértebras. OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura atual as principais técnicas fisioterapêuticas e seus benefícios para o tratamento da escoliose. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre os métodos fisioterapêuticos no tratamento da escoliose. Foram selecionados para esta revisão artigos publicados de 2009 a outubro de 2019 nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, apenas artigos com tradução para o português foram considerados para esta revisão. RESULTADOS: Após a análise foram selecionados para esta revisão sete artigos para leitura na íntegra. Foram identificadas as seguintes condutas: técnica de pilates, reeducação postural global (RPG), isostretching, método klapp e cinesioterapia. Com os seguintes benefícios: melhora na postura, alinhamento da coluna vertebral torácica, melhora da flexibilidade, melhora da assimetria do tronco, diminuição da intensidade da dor, redução da curva escoliótica, melhora postural no alinhamento de cabeça, ombros, escápulas, ângulo de Talles, tronco, abdômen e pelve, aumento da força dos músculos flexores e extensores de tronco e redução do ângulo de Cobb da escoliose. CONCLUSÃO: Existem diversos métodos da fisioterapia com benéficos para o tratamento da escoliose, destacando o RPG e o pilates para a melhora da força, flexibilidade, dor e redução da curva escoliótica.
Características sociodemográficas e avaliação da dor através do questionário de McGill em mulheres com dismenorreia primária submetidas à auriculoterapia
Authors: De Sousa Fernanda Ferreira , Junior José Francisco Miranda de Sousa , Ventura Patrícia Lima
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A dismenorreia caracteriza-se como uma dor intensa durante a menstruação ou algumas horas antes, localizada na região de baixo ventre ou região inferior do abdômen, é uma patologia de origem primária ou secundária, em que 40 a 45% dos casos de dor pélvica crônica, se manifestam como dismenorreia. Objetivo: Investigar as características sociodemográficas de mulheres que possuem dismenorreia primaria, e avaliar as influências da auriculoterapia para a dor menstrual, mensurada antes e após o método por meio do questionário de McGill. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo clínico, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego, de delineamento longitudinal, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado por meio de uma população de 118 estudantes. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado usando uma única fórmula média onde n é o tamanho da amostra necessário; d é erro marginal de 5% ( d = 0,05); z é o grau de precisão requerido a 95% de nível de confiança. Inicialmente, as voluntárias foram submetidas a responderem o questionário sociodemografico, e após, ao questionário de McGill, que avalia vários aspectos da dor, e receberam aplicações durante 2 meses e 3 semanas, 2 vezes por semanas, por 20 minutos. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das participantes desta pesquisa é de 19,8 anos, com predominância na etnia parda e com ciclo menstrual regular, e 55% apresenta dor dois dias antes da menstruação. Depois das aplicações de auriculoterapia os dados dos questionários de McGill após intervenção apresentaram valores estatísticos significantes nos domínio de aspectos sensitivos, afetivos, domínios avaliativos e aspectos miscelâneos. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo obteve o delineamento nos aspectos sociodemograficos da população que possui dismenorreia primária. E em relação às influências da auriculoterapia sobre as características da dor, o método apresentou se estatisticamente significativo.
Properties of modified concrete with crumb rubber: Effect of the incorporation of hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Valencia-Villegas Juan Pablo , González Mesa Ana María , Arbeláez-Pérez Oscar Felipe
Published: May 2020

In this study, the effect of incorporating hollow glass microspheres (HGM) on the  mechanical properties of modified concrete with CR (crumb rubber) was evaluated. Different concrete samples replacing  15% of fine aggregates (total weight of CR + HGM = 15%) were prepared. It was found that the increase in the microsphere content was directly proportional to the slump, compressive strength, and the modulus of elasticity. The increase in the microsphere content was inversely proportional to density. Additionally, we found that in the modified concrete, the width, height and the number of cracks increased as the HGM content increases. The combined sample HGM12.5-CR2.5 (the one with the highest content of microspheres) resulted in concrete with the highest compressive strength of 19.1 MPa, which is 243% stronger than the concrete with only crumb rubber (9.2 MPa). From the XRD results, we were able to detect the presence of different phases formed by hydration during the process of preparing concrete mixtures. The micrographs allowed identifying the fracture in the microspheres during the preparation of the concrete mixtures when they came into contact with the aggregates. The addition of hollow glass microspheres to the mixtures prepared from crumb rubber improved their mechanical properties, and this makes it a potential system that can replace the traditional materials in the production of concrete.