bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Codling Moth Wing Morphology Changes Due to Insecticide Resistance
Authors: Pajač Živković Ivana , Benitez Hugo , Barić Božena , Drmić Zrinka , Kadoić Balaško Martina , Lemic Darija , Dominguez Davila Jose , Mikac Katarina , Bažok Renata
Published: September 2019

The codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella L.) is the most important apple pest in Croatia and Europe. Owing to its economic importance, it is a highly controlled species and the intense selection pressure the species is under has likely caused it to change its phenotype in response. Intensive application of chemical-based insecticide treatments for the control of CM has led to resistance development. In this study, the forewing morphologies of 294 CM (11 populations) were investigated using geometric morphometric procedures based on the venation patterns of 18 landmarks. Finite element method (FEM) was also used to further investigate the dispersal capabilities of moths by modelling wing deformation versus wind speed. Three treatments were investigated and comprised populations from integrated and ecological (susceptible) orchards and laboratory-reared non-resistant populations. Forewing shape differences were found among the three treatment populations investigated. Across all three population treatments, the movement of landmarks 1, 7, 8, 9, and 12 drove the wing shape differences found. A reliable pattern of differences in forewing shape as related to control practice type was observed. FEM revealed that as wind speed (m/s−1) increased, so too did wing deformation (mm) for CM from each of the three treatments modelled. CM from the ecological orchards displayed the least deformation followed by integrated then laboratory-reared CM, which had the highest wing deformation at the highest wind speeds. This study presents an affordable and accessible technique that reliably demonstrates wing shape differences, and thus its use as a population biomarker to detect resistance should be further investigated.
Why, Who, When, and How? Rationale for Considering Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Bernaudin Françoise
Published: September 2019

Considering the progress made in the management of sickle cell disease during the past 30 years, along with the excellent results obtained with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT), it is important to reexamine why, who, when and how to recommend allogeneic SCT in children with sickle cell disease. While sickle cell disease has a low risk of death in children and a high risk for morbidity during aging, SCT carries an early risk of death, graft-vs-host disease and infertility. Nevertheless, SCT offers at least 95% chance of cure with low risk of chronic graft-vs-host disease when a matched-sibling donor is available and the risks of infertility can be reduced by ovarian, sperm or testis cryopreservation. Thus, all available therapies such as hydroxyurea, transfusions and SCT should be presented to the parents, providers, and affected children and discussed with them from infancy. Furthermore, the use of these therapies should be adjusted to the severity of the disease and to local availabilities in order to choose the treatment offering the best benefit/risk ratio.
Numerical Analysis of Influence of the Hull Couple Motion on the Propeller Exciting Force Characteristics
Authors: Li Liang , Zhou Bin , Liu Dengcheng , Wang Chao
Published: September 2019

The numerical calculation was performed for the KRISO Container Ship (KCS) hull-propeller-rudder system with different freedom hull motion by employing the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and adopting the overset grid. Firstly, the numerical simulation of hydrodynamics for a bare hull with the heave and pitch motion is carried out. The results show that the space non-uniformity of a nominal wake in the disk plane with motion is comparable to the case without motion. However, the time non-uniformity increases sharply and it has a significant positive relationship with the motion amplitude. Then, the propeller exciting force is calculated in the case including single heave, single pitch and their couple motion. It was found that both the ship and propeller hydrodynamic performance deteriorated dramatically due to the hull motion. Furthermore, the spectrum peak at the motion frequency is dominant in all the peak values and the larger the amplitude is, the higher the motion frequency peak is expected to be. For the propeller bearing force, the effect of the different hull motions appears as linear superimposition. However, the superimposition of different hull motions enlarges the propeller-induced fluctuating pressure in a single motion.
Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase is Associated with the Growth of Malassezia spp.
Authors: Tenagy  , Tejima Kengo , Chen Xinyue , Iwatani Shun , Kajiwara Susumu
Published: September 2019

The lipophilic fungal pathogen Malassezia spp. must acquire long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from outside the cell. To clarify the mechanism of LCFA acquisition, we investigated fatty acid uptake by this fungus and identified the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) gene FAA1 in three Malassezia spp.: M. globosa, M. pachydermatis, and M. sympodialis. These FAA1 genes could compensate for the double mutation of FAA1 and FAA4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that Malassezia Faa1 protein recognizes exogenous LCFAs. MgFaa1p and MpFaa1p utilized a medium-chain fatty acid, lauric acid (C12:0). Interestingly, the ACS inhibitor, triacsin C, affected the activity of the Malassezia Faa1 proteins but not that of S. cerevisiae. Triacsin C also reduced the growth of M. globosa, M. pachydermatis, and M. sympodialis. These results suggest that triacsin C and its derivatives are potential compounds for the development of new anti-Malassezia drugs.
Influence of Nanosilica on Mechanical Properties, Sorptivity, and Microstructure of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Abd Elrahman Mohamed , Chung Sang-Yeop , Sikora Pawel , Rucinska Teresa , Stephan Dietmar
Published: September 2019

This study presents the results of an experimental investigation of the effects of nanosilica (NS) on the strength development, transport properties, thermal conductivity, air-void, and pore characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), with an oven-dry density <1000 kg/m3. Four types of concrete mixtures, containing 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 4 wt.% of NS were prepared. The development of flexural and compressive strengths was determined for up to 90 days of curing. In addition, transport properties and microstructural properties were determined, with the use of RapidAir, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The experimental results showed that NS has remarkable effects on the mechanical and transport properties of LWACs, even in small dosages. A significant improvement in strength and a reduction of transport properties, in specimens with an increased NS content, was observed. However, the positive effects of NS were more pronounced when a higher amount was incorporated into the mixtures (>1 wt.%). NS contributed to compaction of the LWAC matrix and a modification of the air-void system, by increasing the amount of solid content and refining the fine pore structure, which translated to a noticeable improvement in mechanical and transport properties. On the other hand, NS decreased the consistency, while increasing the viscosity of the fresh mixture. An increment of superplasticizer (SP), along with a decrement of stabilizer (ST) dosages, are thus required.
Hydroxyapatite Block Produced by Sponge Replica Method: Mechanical, Clinical and Histologic Observations
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Lorusso Felice , Santos de Oliveira Pablo , Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan Sanosh , Licciulli Antonio
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The grafting procedure for the anthropic ridges of jaws represents a surgical technique for increasing the bone volume to permit the placement of dental implants for oral rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a hydroxyapatite (HA) porous scaffold produced via a sponge replica method for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in a human model. Methods: A total of thirteen patients were treated for sinus lifting in the posterior maxilla for a total of 16 defects treated with cylindrical HA Block. The experimental sites were evaluated by a 3D Cone Beam Computer Tomography scan (CBCT), and the histological analysis was performed after 3 months of healing. Results: After the 3 months healing period, the histological outcome of the investigation showed a high level of biological osteoconduction of the HA. Microscopical evidence of new bone formation was also observed in the central portion of the graft block. The samples were composed of different tissues: 39 ± 1% new bone, 42 ± 3% marrow space, 17 ± 3% residual HA Block and 4.02 ± 2% osteoid tissue were present. The new bone formation in the block was 8 ± 3%. Conclusions: The study findings support that HA porous scaffolds produced by sponge replica were effective for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in humans.
Experimental Investigation on Micro-Groove Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Using Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Assisted Cutting
Authors: Tan Rongkai , Zhao Xuesen , Sun Tao , Zou Xicong , Hu Zhenjiang
Published: September 2019

The micro-groove structure on the planar surface has been widely used in the tribology field for improving the lubrication performance, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and wear. However, in the conventional cutting (CC) process, the high-quality, high-precision machining of the micro-groove on titanium alloy has always been a challenge, because considerable problems including poor surface integrity and a high level of the material swelling and springback remain unresolved. In this study, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting (UEVC) technology was employed, which aimed to minimize the level of the material swelling and springback and improve the machining quality. A series of comparative investigations on the surface defect, surface roughness, and material swelling and springback under the CC and UEVC processes were performed. The experimental results certified that the material swelling and springback significantly reduced and the surface integrity obviously improved in the UEVC process in comparison to that in the CC process. Furthermore, for all the predetermined depths of the cut, when the TSR (the ratio of the nominal cutting speed to the peak horizontal vibration speed) was equal to one of twenty four or one of forty eight, the accuracy of the machined micro-groove depth, width and the profile radius reached satisfactorily to 98%, and the roughness values were approximately 0.1 μm. The experimental results demonstrate that the UEVC technology is a feasible method for the high-quality and high-precision processing of the micro-groove on Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer
Authors: López-García Sergio , Pecci-Lloret Miguel R. , Guerrero-Gironés Julia , Pecci-Lloret María P. , Lozano Adrián , Llena Carmen , Rodríguez-Lozano Francisco Javier , Forner Leopoldo
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.
Surface Roughness Effects on the Broadband Reflection for Refractory Metals and Polar Dielectrics
Authors: Cao Lina , Sendur Kursat
Published: September 2019

Random surface roughness and surface distortions occur inevitably because of various material processing and fabrication techniques. Tailoring and smoothing the surface roughness can be especially challenging for thermomechanically stable materials, including refractory metals, such as tungsten (W), and polar dielectrics, such as silicon carbide (SiC). The spectral reflectivity and emissivity of surfaces are significantly impacted by surface roughness effects. In this paper, we numerically investigated the surface roughness effects on the spectral reflectivity and emissivity of thermomechanically stable materials. Based on our results, we determined that surface roughness effects are strongly impacted by the correlation length of the Gaussian surface. In addition, our results indicate that surface roughness effects are stronger for the materials at the epsilon-near-zero region. Surface roughness effects are stronger between the visible and infrared spectral region for W and around the wavelength of 12 μ m for SiC, where plasma frequency and polar resonance frequency are located.
Improving the Vertical Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Forming Layer-by-Layer Contact of Inorganic Crystals
Authors: Lee Eunbi , Cho Chi Hyeong , Hwang Sae Hoon , Kim Min-Geun , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Hanmin , Lee Jun Hyup
Published: September 2019

A carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a light and rigid composite applicable in various fields, such as in aviation and automobile industry. However, due to its low thermal conductivity, it does not dissipate heat sufficiently and thus accumulates heat stress. Here, we reported a facile and effective strategy to improve the through-thickness thermal conductivity of CFRP composites by using a layer-by-layer coating of inorganic crystals. They could provide efficient heat transfer pathways through layer-by-layer contact within the resulting composite material. The high thermally conductive CFRP composites were prepared by employing three types of inorganic crystal fillers composed of aluminum, magnesium, and copper on prepreg through the layer-by-layer coating process. The vertical thermal conductivity of pure CFRP was increased by up to 87% on using magnesium filler at a very low content of 0.01 wt %. It was also confirmed that the higher the thermal conductivity enhancement was, the better were the mechanical properties. Thus, we could demonstrate that the layer-by-layer inclusion of inorganic crystals can lead to improved through-thickness thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of composites, which might find applications in varied industrial fields.
Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanocomposites for Enhanced Gas-Phase Photodehydrogenation
Authors: Zanardo Danny , Ghedini Elena , Menegazzo Federica , Cattaruzza Elti , Manzoli Maela , Cruciani Giuseppe , Signoretto Michela
Published: September 2019

Light-driven processes can be regarded as a promising technology for chemical production within the bio-refinery concept, due to the very mild operative conditions and high selectivity of some reactions. In this work, we report copper oxide (CuO)-titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites to be efficient and selective photocatalysts for ethanol photodehydrogenation under gas phase conditions, affording 12-fold activity improvement compared to bare TiO2. In particular, the insertion method of the CuO co-catalyst in different TiO2 materials and its effects on the photocatalytic activity were studied. The most active CuO co-catalyst was observed to be highly dispersed on titania surface, and highly reducible. Moreover, such high dispersion was observed to passivate some surface sites where ethanol is strongly adsorbed, thus improving the activity. This kind of material can be obtained by the proper selection of loading technique for both co-catalysts, allowing a higher coverage of photocatalyst surface (complex-precipitation in the present work), and the choice of titania material itself. Loading copper on a high surface area titania was observed to afford a limited ethanol conversion, due to its intrinsically higher reactivity affording to a strong interaction with the co-catalyst.
Effects of Calcium Silicate Slag on Hydration of Cementitious Pastes
Authors: Zhang Ju , Yan Changwang , Bai Pucun , Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Shuguang , Liu Zhigang
Published: September 2019

Calcium silicate slag (CSS) is waste slag and it contains a large amount of beta-dicalcium silicate. This study is mainly focused on the effect of CSS on the hydration of cementitious pastes. CSS was used to partly replace cement, and composite pastes containing CSS and cement were prepared. The mineral composition and particle size distribution of CSS were characterized. The chemically combined water of the paste sample was measured at a given test age. Based on the value of chemically combined water, the hydration degree and the hydration rate of composite pastes were analyzed. The flexural strength of the samples was established. The pore structure and micromorphology of the sample were also observed. The results indicate the chemically combined water decreased, the hydration degree decreased, the hydration rate declined, and the spherical micromorphology of the calcium silicate hydrate gel was reduced after more cement was replaced by CSS in the composite pastes. Besides, the amount of pores increased, its size was bigger, and air content in the pore was higher. However, flexural strength was lower. CSS has a significant impact on the hydration of cementitious pastes, and it is thus suitable to regulate hydration.
Novel Bicomponent Functional Fibers with Sheath/Core Configuration Containing Intumescent Flame-Retardants for Textile Applications
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad , Seide Gunnar
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of intumescent flame-retardants (IFR’s) on the spinnability of sheath/core bicomponent melt-spun fibers, produced from Polylactic acid (PLA) single polymer composites, as IFR’s have not been tested in bicomponent fibers so far. Highly crystalline PLA-containing IFR’s was used in the core component, while an amorphous PLA was tested in the sheath component of melt-spun bicomponent fibers. Ammonium polyphosphate and lignin powder were used as acid, and carbon source, respectively, together with PES as a plasticizing agent in the core component of bicomponent fibers. Multifilament fibers, with sheath/core configurations, were produced on a pilot-scale melt spinning machine, and the changes in fibers mechanical properties and crystallinity were recorded in response to varying process parameters. The crystallinity of the bicomponent fibers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stabilities were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermally bonded, non-woven fabric samples, from as prepared bicomponent fibers, were produced and their fire properties, such as limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry values were measured. However, the ignitability of fabric samples was tested by a single-flame source test. Cone calorimetry showed a 46% decline in the heat release rate of nonwovens, produced from FR PLA bicomponent fibers, compared to pure PLA nonwovens. This indicated the development of an intumescent char by leaving a residual mass of 34% relative to the initial mass of the sample. It was found that the IFRs can be melt spun into bicomponent fibers by sheath/core configuration, and the enhanced functionality in the fibers can be achieved with suitable mechanical properties.
The Influence of Tool Rake Surface Geometry on the Hard Turning Process of AISI52100 Hardened Steel
Authors: Xu Hanzhong , Zhou Honggen , Ma Zhengyu , Dai Lei , Jing Xuwen , Li Guochao , Sun Yujing
Published: September 2019

The hard turning process has been widely used in the field of hard material precision machining because of its high efficiency, low processing residual stress, and low environmental pollution. Due to its undesirably processing quality, it is still not a substitute for traditional grinding, so many studies have reported that the process has been optimized. However, there has been little research on the geometry optimization of hard cutting tools, which have a great influence on the traditional machining process. In this paper, two tools with different rake face shapes are designed. The finite element analysis method is used to compare their performance with a conventional plane tool while turning hardened steel. The results show that the cutting performance of the designed tool T1 and T2 (chip morphology, cutting force, and cutting temperature) and the quality of the machined surface are improved compared with the tool. The cutting force decreased by 12.72% and 14.74%, the cutting temperature decreased by 7.56% and 9.01%, respectively, and the surface residual stress decreased by 26.56% and 28.66%.
Formation Mechanism of Aluminide Diffusion Coatings on Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy at the Early Stages of Deposition by Pack Cementation
Authors: Du Hailiang , Tan Ning , Fan Li , Zhuang Jiajie , Qiu Zhichao , Lei Yanhua
Published: September 2019

The diffusion coatings were deposited on commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy at up to 1000 °C for up to 10 h using the pack cementation method. The pack powders consisted of 4 wt% Al (Al reservoir) and 4 wt% NH4Cl (activator) which were balanced with Al2O3 (inert filler). The growth kinetics of coatings were gravimetrically measured by a high precision balance. The aluminised specimens were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At the early stages of deposition, a TiO2 (rutile) scale, other than aluminide coating, was developed on both materials at <900 °C. As the experimental temperature arose above 900 °C, the rutile layer became unstable and reduced to the low oxidation state of Ti oxides. When the temperature increased to 1000 °C, the TiO2 scale dissociated almost completely and the aluminide coating began to develop. After a triple-layered coating was generated, the coating growth was governed by the outward migration of Ti species from the substrates and obeyed the parabolic law. The coating formed consisted of an outer layer of Al3Ti, a mid-layer of Al2Ti and an inner layer of AlTi. The outer layer of Al3Ti dominated the thickness of the aluminide coating.
Initial Crack Propagation and the Influence Factors of Aircraft Pipe Pressure
Authors: Wang Fusheng , Wei Zheng , Li Pu , Yu Lingjun , Huang Weichao
Published: September 2019

In aircraft engineering, an increase of internal pressure in a hydraulic pipe increases the probability of pipe damage, leading to crack propagation becoming a serious issue. In this study, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is applied to simulate initial crack propagation in hydraulic pipes and to investigate the influence factors. Stress intensity factors are extracted to verify the mesh independence of XFEM, which is based on the level set method and unit decomposition method. A total of 30 finite element models of hydraulic pipes with cracks are established. The distribution of von Mises stress under different initial crack lengths and internal pressures is obtained to analyze the change of load-carrying capacity in different conditions. Then, a total of 300 finite element models of hydraulic pipes with different initial crack sizes and locations are simulated under different working conditions. The relationship between the maximum opening displacement and crack length is analyzed by extracting the opening displacement under different initial crack lengths. The length and depth of the initial crack are changed to analyze the factors affecting crack propagation. The opening size and crack propagation length are obtained in different directions. The results show that radial propagation is more destructive than longitudinal propagation for hydraulic pipes in the initial stage of crack propagation.
Electrically Insulating Plasma Polymer/ZnO Composite Films
Authors: Al-Jumaili Ahmed , Kumar Avishek , Bazaka Kateryna , Jacob Mohan V.
Published: September 2019

In this report, the electrical properties of plasma polymer films functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles were investigated with respect to their potential applications in biomaterials and microelectronics fields. The nanocomposite films were produced using a single-step method that combines simultaneous plasma polymerization of renewable geranium essential oil with thermal decomposition of zinc acetylacetonate Zn(acac)2. The input power used for the deposition of composites were 10 W and 50 W, and the resulting composite structures were abbreviated as Zn/Ge 10 W and Zn/Ge 50 W, respectively. The electrical properties of pristine polymers and Zn/polymer composite films were studied in metal–insulator–metal structures. At a quantity of ZnO of around ~1%, it was found that ZnO had a small influence on the capacitance and dielectric constants of thus-fabricated films. The dielectric constant of films with smaller-sized nanoparticles exhibited the highest value, whereas, with the increase in ZnO particle size, the dielectric constant decreases. The conductivity of the composites was calculated to be in the in the range of 10−14–10−15 Ω−1 m−1, significantly greater than that for the pristine polymer, the latter estimated to be in the range of 10−16–10−17 Ω−1 m−1.
Proposal of a New Porous Concrete Dosage Methodology for Pavements
Authors: Elizondo-Martinez Eduardo Javier , Andres-Valeri Valerio Carlos , Rodriguez-Hernandez Jorge , Castro-Fresno Daniel
Published: September 2019

Although porous concrete pavement design methods are mainly focused on maintaining high permeability rates in order to improve their ability to manage stormwater runoff, the mixture strength is paramount for its durability and service life. This paper proposes a new mixture design method for porous concrete, named PCD (porous concrete design), derived from the ACI 522R-10 and ACI 211.3R-02 standards. The aim is to improve mechanical strength in porous concrete mixtures, while ensuring enough permeability for its use in urban roads. With PCD methodology it is possible to obtain mechanical strengths 30% higher than those produced with ACI methodologies, while maintaining permeability rates close to 2 cm/s, lower than those obtained with ACI methods but still enough to manage extreme storm events. Finally, with the analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making methodology and also bearing in mind safety variables, the best porous concrete mixtures are the ones produced with PCD methodology.
Effects of Non-Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Hyperbranched Polyesters on Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Tian Jin , Xu Ting , Tan Yefa , Zhang Zhongwei , Tang Binghui , Sun Zhidan
Published: September 2019

In order to improve the interfacial properties of graphene oxide (GO) and epoxy resin (EP), hyperbranched polyesters with terminal carboxyl (HBP) non-covalently functionalized graphene oxide (HBP-GO) was achieved by strong π-π coupling between hyperbranched polyesters and GO nanosheets. The effects of non-covalent functionalization of GO on the dispersibility, wettability and interfacial properties were analyzed. The mechanical properties and enhancement mechanism of HBP-GO/EP composites were investigated. The results show that the hyperbranched polyesters is embedded in the GO layer due to its highly branched structure, which forms the steric hindrance effect between the GO nanosheets, effectively prevents the agglomeration of GO nanosheets, and significantly improved the dispersibility of GO. Simultaneously, the contact angle of HBP-GO with EP is reduced, the surface energy, interfacial energy and adhesion work are increased, then the wetting property of HBP-GO is significantly improved. The main toughening mechanism of HBP-GO is microcrack deflection induced by HBP-GO and plastic deformation of the EP matrix. In the microcrack propagation zones, HBP-GO may produce the pinning effect near the microcrack tips and change their stress state, resulting in microcrack deflection and bifurcation. So, the microcrack propagation path is more tortuous, which will consume much more fracture energy. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the HBP-GO/EP composites are greatly improved.
Crystallization and Quantification of Crystalline and Non-Crystalline Phases in Kaolin-Based Cordierites
Authors: Valášková Marta , Klika Zdeněk , Novosad Boris , Smetana Bedřich
Published: September 2019

Kaolin is most often used as traditional raw material in ceramic industry. The purpose of the study was to obtain understanding of the structural and chemical variability of cordierite ceramics influenced by chemical and mineralogical properties of six raw kaolins taken from different localities when they are applied in ceramics mixtures with vermiculite and sintered up to 1300 °C. The X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis were used to identify and characterize crystalline mineral phases and the course of reactions during the heating. The percentages of the crystalline and non-crystalline phases were newly determined by recalculation of the bulk chemical analyses of kaolins and cordierite ceramics using Chemical Quantitative Mineral Analysis (CQMA) method. Varying amounts of minerals in kaolins: kaolinite from 73.3 to 85.0, muscovite from 4.2 to 9.9, and quartz from 6.0 to 19.5 (mass %) affected amount of cordierite/indialite from 75.2 to 85.1, enstatite from 5.8 to 8.9 (when are calculated as their maximal possible percentages), and non-crystalline phases from 8.8 to 15.1 (mass %) in cordierite ceramics. Regression analysis predicted high relationship between quantity of: (a) kaolinite in kaolins and crystalline cordierite and (b) quartz in kaolins and non-crystalline phases in the ceramics. The migration of potassium from muscovite into the cordierite structure, melting point and crystallization of cordierite/indialite phases and pore size variability in relation to impurity of kaolins are documented and discussed.
Special Issue: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Bertaina Sylvain , Vezin Hervé
Published: September 2019

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the tool of choice to probe and understand the dynamics of electron spin [...]
Applications of Game Theory in Project Management: A Structured Review and Analysis
Authors: Piraveenan Mahendra
Published: September 2019

This paper provides a structured literature review and analysis of using game theory to model project management scenarios. We select and review thirty-two papers from Scopus, present a complex three-dimensional classification of the selected papers, and analyse the resultant citation network. According to the industry-based classification, the surveyed literature can be classified in terms of construction industry, ICT industry or unspecified industry. Based on the types of players, the literature can be classified into papers that use government-contractor games, contractor–contractor games, contractor-subcontractor games, subcontractor–subcontractor games or games involving other types of players. Based on the type of games used, papers using normal-form non-cooperative games, normal-form cooperative games, extensive-form non-cooperative games or extensive-form cooperative games are present. Also, we show that each of the above classifications plays a role in influencing which papers are likely to cite a particular paper, though the strongest influence is exerted by the type-of-game classification. Overall, the citation network in this field is sparse, implying that the awareness of authors in this field about studies by other academics is suboptimal. Our review suggests that game theory is a very useful tool for modelling project management scenarios, and that more work needs to be done focusing on project management in ICT domain, as well as by using extensive-form cooperative games where relevant.
A New Nine-Dimensional Chaotic Lorenz System with Quaternion Variables: Complicated Dynamics, Electronic Circuit Design, Anti-Anticipating Synchronization, and Chaotic Masking Communication Application
Authors: Mahmoud Emad E. , Higazy M. , Al-Harthi Turkiah M.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a chaotic quaternion autonomous nonlinear structure is introduced and intends to be a contribution. It is the first nonlinear dynamical system with quaternion variables to be studied in the literature. With nine dimensions, the new system is a high-dimensional one. Several vital characteristics and features of this model are investigated, such as its Hamiltonian, symmetry, signal flow graph, dissipation, equilibriums and their stability, Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov dimension, bifurcation diagrams, and chaotic behavior. A circuit implementation is designed to realize the new system, and a scheme is designed to achieve anti-anticipating synchronization (AAS) of two identical chaotic attractors with quaternion variables based on a Lyapunov function and active control. The concept of AAS is yet to be explored in the literature. A simulation experiment is designed and executed to illustrate the effectiveness of the acquired results. After synchronization, numerical outcomes are planned to explain the status variables and errors of these chaotic attractors to prove that AAS is achieved. The secure communication problem is studied based on the obtained events of the AAS of two identical nonlinear Lorenz systems with quaternion variables. AAS connecting the drive and response systems in chaotic systems with quaternion variables is the key to achieving communication. Signal encryption and restoration are simulated numerically.
Boundedness of Generalized Parametric Marcinkiewicz Integrals Associated to Surfaces
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Al-Refai Oqlah
Published: September 2019

In this article, the boundedness of the generalized parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operators

M

Ω
,
ϕ
,
h
,
ρ

(
r
)

is considered. Under the condition that

Ω

is a function in

L
q

(

S

n
−
1

)

with

q
∈
(
1
,
2
]

, appropriate estimates of the aforementioned operators from Triebel–Lizorkin spaces to

L
p

spaces are obtained. By these estimates and an extrapolation argument, we establish the boundedness of such operators when the kernel function

Ω

belongs to the block space

B
q

0
,
ν
−
1

(

S

n
−
1

)

or in the space

L

(
log
L
)

ν

(

S

n
−
1

)

. Our results represent improvements and extensions of some known results in generalized parametric Marcinkiewicz integrals.
Phlorofucofuroeckol A from Edible Brown Alga Ecklonia Cava Enhances Osteoblastogenesis in Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Oh Jung Hwan , Ahn Byul-Nim , Karadeniz Fatih , Kim Jung-Ae , Lee Jung Im , Seo Youngwan , Kong Chang-Suk
Published: September 2019

The deterioration of bone formation is a leading cause of age-related bone disorders. Lack of bone formation is induced by decreased osteoblastogenesis. In this study, osteoblastogenesis promoting effects of algal phlorotannin, phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A), were evaluated. PFF-A was isolated from brown alga Ecklonia cava. The ability of PFF-A to enhance osteoblast differentiation was observed in murine pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (huBM-MSCs). Proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts during differentiation was assayed following PFF-A treatment along extracellular mineralization. In addition, effect of PFF-A on osteoblast maturation pathways such as Runx2 and Smads was analyzed. Treatment of PFF-A was able to enhance the proliferation of differentiating osteoblasts. Also, ALP activity was observed to be increased. Osteoblasts showed increased extracellular mineralization, observed by Alizarin Red staining, following PFF-A treatment. In addition, expression levels of critical proteins in osteoblastogenesis such as ALP, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin and β-catenin were stimulated after the introduction of PFF-A. In conclusion, PFF-A was suggested to be a potential natural product with osteoblastogenesis enhancing effects which can be utilized against bone-remodeling imbalances and osteoporosis-related complications.
Enzymes from Marine Polar Regions and Their Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Bruno Stefano , Coppola Daniela , di Prisco Guido , Giordano Daniela , Verde Cinzia
Published: September 2019

The microorganisms that evolved at low temperatures express cold-adapted enzymes endowed with unique catalytic properties in comparison to their mesophilic homologues, i.e., higher catalytic efficiency, improved flexibility, and lower thermal stability. Cold environments are therefore an attractive research area for the discovery of enzymes to be used for investigational and industrial applications in which such properties are desirable. In this work, we will review the literature on cold-adapted enzymes specifically focusing on those discovered in the bioprospecting of polar marine environments, so far largely neglected because of their limited accessibility. We will discuss their existing or proposed biotechnological applications within the framework of the more general applications of cold-adapted enzymes.
Relationship between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Patients
Authors: Oral Alihan , Sahin Tolga , Turker Fatih , Kocak Erdem
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with multiple factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperuricemia. We aim to investigate the relationship between uric acid and NAFLD in a non-obese and young population. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in January 2010–2019 with a group of 367 (225 patients in the NAFLD group and 142 in the control group) patients with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD or no NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD were classified according to the percentage of steatosis as follows, group I had 1–20% and group II >20%. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory (biochemical parameters) features were collected retrospectively. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) and age of the patients were 26.41 ± 3.42 and 32.27 ± 8.85, respectively. The BMI, homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), and uric acid (UA) values of the NAFLD group were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls. A positive correlation was found between the NAFLD stage and UA. The following factors were independently associated with NAFLD: BMI, HOMA-IR, and UA. In addition, the cut-off value of UA was 4.75 mg/dl with a sensitivity of 45.8% and a specificity of 80.3%. Conclusions: UA is a simple, non-invasive, cheap, and useful marker that may be used to predict steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
First Case of Chylous Ascites after Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Case Report with a Literature Review
Authors: Kostov Stoyan , Yordanov Angel , Slavchev Stanislav , Strashilov Strahil , Dzhenkov Deyan
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Chylous ascites is a rare form of ascites characterized by milk-like peritoneal fluid, rich in triglycerides. Clinical signs and symptoms include abdominal distention, pain, nausea, and vomiting. In gynecology, the most common cause for its occurrence is lymph dissection leading to impairment of major lymphatic vessels. There are only a few reported cases of chylous ascites arising after operations for benign diseases. Case report: We report a case of a 46-year-old female patient, who underwent laparoscopy for a myomatous node with chylous ascites occurring on post-surgery Day 2. The ascites was conservatively managed. The exact cause of the chyloperitonitis could not be determined. Conclusion: Although extremely rarely, chylous ascites may also occur in operative interventions for benign diseases in gynecological surgery.
Melatonin Action on the Activity of Phagocytes from the Colostrum of Obese Women
Authors: Morais Tassiane C. , Honorio-França Adenilda C. , Fujimori Mahmi , de Quental Ocilma B. , Pessoa Rafael S. , França Eduardo L. , de Abreu Luiz C.
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Breastfeeding promotion is an important public health strategy for counter-balancing the negative effects of maternal overweight and obesity. Colostrum contains melatonin, which can attenuate the impacts of excessive maternal weight and boost the infant’s immune system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the effects of melatonin on mononuclear (MN) phagocytes from the colostrum of women with pre-gestational obesity. Materials and Methods: Colostrum samples were collected postpartum from 100 women at a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The donors were divided into two groups: the control group and the high body mass index (BMI) group. Melatonin levels in the colostrum were determined by an ELISA Kit, and the functional activity of MN cells was assessed using the phagocytosis assay by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium, and apoptosis were assessed by fluorimetry using a microplate reader. Results: The colostrum of mothers with pre-gestational high BMI exhibited higher melatonin levels (p < 0.05) and lower phagocytosis (p < 0.05) and ROS release (p < 0.05). Superoxide release was similar between the normal and high BMI groups (p > 0.05). Intracellular calcium release and apoptosis were also higher in the high BMI group (p < 0.05). Melatonin levels likely increased the phagocytosis rate and reduced intracellular calcium release and the apoptosis index (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that melatonin is a possible mechanism for maternal–infant protection against obesity and restores the functional activity of colostrum phagocytes in obese mothers.
Electrical Coupling and Simulation of Monolithic 3D Logic Circuits and Static Random Access Memory
Authors: Ahn Tae Jun , Choi Bum Ho , Lim Sung Kyu , Yu Yun Seop
Published: September 2019

In order to simulate a circuit by applying various logic circuits and full chip using the HSPICE model, which can consider electrical coupling proposed in the previous research, it is investigated whether additional electrical coupling other than electrical coupling by top and bottom layer exists. Additional electrical coupling were verified through device simulation and confirmed to be blocked by heavily doped source/drain. Comparing the HSPICE circuit simulation results using the newly proposed monolithic 3D NAND (M3DNAND) structure in the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) mixed-mode and monolithic 3D inverter (M3DINV) unit cell model was once more verified. It is possible to simulate various logic circuits using the previously proposed M3DINV unit cell model. We simulated the operation and performances of M3DNAND, M3DNOR, 2 × 1 multiplexer (MUX), D flip-flop (D-FF), and static random access memry (SRAM).
Microfluidic-Based Approaches for Foodborne Pathogen Detection
Authors: Zhao Xihong , Li Mei , Liu Yao
Published: September 2019

Food safety is of obvious importance, but there are frequent problems caused by foodborne pathogens that threaten the safety and health of human beings worldwide. Although the most classic method for detecting bacteria is the plate counting method, it takes almost three to seven days to get the bacterial results for the detection. Additionally, there are many existing technologies for accurate determination of pathogens, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), but they are not suitable for timely and rapid on-site detection due to time-consuming pretreatment, complex operations and false positive results. Therefore, an urgent goal remains to determine how to quickly and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foodborne diseases that are harmful to humans. As an alternative, microfluidic devices with miniaturization, portability and low cost have been introduced for pathogen detection. In particular, the use of microfluidic technologies is a promising direction of research for this purpose. Herein, this article systematically reviews the use of microfluidic technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens. First, microfluidic technology is introduced, including the basic concepts, background, and the pros and cons of different starting materials for specific applications. Next, the applications and problems of microfluidics for the detection of pathogens are discussed. The current status and different applications of microfluidic-based technologies to distinguish and identify foodborne pathogens are described in detail. Finally, future trends of microfluidics in food safety are discussed to provide the necessary foundation for future research efforts.
Electron Beam Irradiation Isolates Cellulose Nanofiber from Korea “Tall Goldenrod” Invasive Alien Plant Pulp
Authors: Kim Hong Gun , Lee U Sang , Kwac Lee Ku , Lee Sang Ok , Kim Yong-Sun , Shin Hye Kyoung
Published: September 2019

This work investigates the possibility of isolating cellulose nanofibers from pulps of tall goldenrod plant, which are invasive plants in Korea, by a convenient method, without strong acids or high-pressure homogenization, using electron beam irradiation (EBI). The obtained cellulose nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and in terms of their mechanical properties. SEM showed that the initially isolated 10-μm-diameter cellulose fibers became more finely separated with increasing EBI dose, and that cellulose fibers treated with 300 kGy of EBI were separated into long cellulose nanofibers of around 160 nm in diameter. In addition, the paper samples prepared from more finely separated fibers generated by using higher doses of EBI had enhanced UV–vis transmittance. Via the XRD analysis, we observed that cellulose I in the EBI-treated cellulose fibers were gradually converted into a different type of cellulose similar to cellulose type II, as the EBI dose increased. Meanwhile, the TGA demonstrated that the finely separated cellulose fibers observed after administering the high EBI dose had lowered thermal stability due to the reduction of cellulose I but higher char yield. In addition, tensile strengths of paper samples increased with decreasing the diameters of their constituent fibers that result from the different EBI doses used in the preparation of the paper pulp.
The Potential Impact of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome of Athletes
Authors: Wosinska Laura , Cotter Paul D. , O’Sullivan Orla , Guinane Caitriona
Published: September 2019

There is accumulating evidence that physical fitness influences the gut microbiome and as a result, promotes health. Indeed, exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiome can influence health parameters crucial to athletic performance, specifically, immune function, lower susceptibility to infection, inflammatory response and tissue repair. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome is essential for an athlete’s health, training and performance. This review explores the effect of exercise on the microbiome while also investigating the effect of probiotics on various potential consequences associated with over-training in athletes, as well as their associated health benefits.