bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accountability mobilization, guanxi and social media‐induced polarization: Understanding the bystander's prosocial punishment to misinformation spreader
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Zhang Nan , Ding Meiwen , Chen Lei
Published: November 2023

Prosocial punishments by social media bystanders could block the path from misinformation spread to social media‐induced polarization (SMIP). However, prosocial punishments are inadequate for SMIP management because of the personal costs, and few studies propose effective ways to mobilize bystanders. The Chinese government implemented a regulation in 2017 to mobilize bystanders on social media through allocating accountability to act as misinformation supervisors. In China's guanxi culture, prosocial punishments are less observed considering the additional personal costs caused by breaking guanxi. Therefore, assessing the effectiveness of China's cyberspace accountability mobilization can help identify an effective tool for other governments to mitigate SMIP. We used a vignette survey experiment to collect data from WeChat users and applied a random regression model to analyse the data. Accountability mobilization significantly promotes bystanders' prosocial punishment to block the misinformation‐spread‐to‐SMIP path. Guanxi negatively moderates the relationship between accountability mobilization and prosocial punishment to the above path. The government could encourage the public to actively take prosocial punishments by using the new tool of accountability mobilization. Guanxi culture reduces the effectiveness of the tool.
Early recapture of response with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily in patients with ulcerative colitis in OCTAVE Open following dose reduction or treatment interruption in OCTAVE Sustain
Authors: Allegretti Jessica R , Gecse Krisztina B , Chiorean Michael V , Argollo Marjorie , Guo Xiang , Lawendy Nervin , Su Chinyu , Mundayat Rajiv , Paulissen Jerome , Salese Leonardo , Irving Peter M
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. These post hoc analyses evaluated early improvement in patient‐reported outcomes with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) in OCTAVE Open among patients with ulcerative colitis who experienced treatment failure with placebo (retreatment subpopulation) or tofacitinib 5 mg BID (dose escalation subpopulation) during maintenance.

Methods

Endpoints based on Mayo subscores (rectal bleeding improvement, stool frequency improvement, and symptomatic [both rectal bleeding and stool frequency] improvement) were analyzed overall and by prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure status from month (M)1–M6 in OCTAVE Open. Changes from baseline in partial Mayo score, rectal bleeding subscore, and stool frequency subscore at M1 were also analyzed, by M2 clinical response status.

Results

At M1 of OCTAVE Open, 83.2%, 70.3%, and 64.4% of patients in the retreatment subpopulation (n = 101) had rectal bleeding improvement, stool frequency improvement, and symptomatic improvement, respectively. Corresponding values in the dose escalation subpopulation (n = 57) were 59.6%, 50.9%, and 38.6%. For both subpopulations, results were generally consistent regardless of prior TNFi failure. In the dose escalation subpopulation, mean decrease from baseline in partial Mayo score and stool frequency subscore at M1 was greater in patients with versus without a clinical response at M2.

Conclusions

Rectal bleeding improvement and stool frequency improvement were achieved by M1 in many patients receiving tofacitinib 10 mg BID in both subpopulations, with no apparent difference by prior TNFi failure. Analyses were limited by small sample sizes for some subgroups.
Intracortical remodelling increases in highly loaded bone after exercise cessation
Authors: Costa da Silva Raniere Gaia , Sun Tsim Christopher , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Boyde Alan , Doube Michael , Riggs Christopher Michael
Published: November 2023

Resorption within cortices of long bones removes excess mass and damaged tissue and increases during periods of reduced mechanical loading. Returning to high‐intensity exercise may place bones at risk of failure due to increased porosity caused by bone resorption. We used point‐projection X‐ray microscopy images of bone slices from highly loaded (metacarpal, tibia) and minimally loaded (rib) bones from 12 racehorses, 6 that died during a period of high‐intensity exercise and 6 that had a period of intense exercise followed by at least 35 days of rest prior to death, and measured intracortical canal cross‐sectional area (Ca.Ar) and number (N.Ca) to infer remodelling activity across sites and exercise groups. Large canals that are the consequence of bone resorption (Ca.Ar >0.04 mm2) were 1.4× to 18.7× greater in number and area in the third metacarpal bone from rested than exercised animals (p = 0.005–0.008), but were similar in number and area in ribs from rested and exercised animals (p = 0.575–0.688). An intermediate relationship was present in the tibia, and when large canals and smaller canals that result from partial bony infilling (Ca.Ar >0.002 mm2) were considered together. The mechanostat may override targeted remodelling during periods of high mechanical load by enhancing bone formation, reducing resorption and suppressing turnover. Both systems may work synergistically in rest periods to remove excess and damaged tissue.
Effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease in improving nurse outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Tai Yoke‐Yee Samantha , Foo Yu Hui , Ignacio Jeanette
Published: November 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease in improving knowledge, nurse–patient interaction, performance, skills competence and clinical decision‐making.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Search of literature for randomised controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies and pre‐experimental studies on chronic kidney disease‐related educational interventions for nurses was conducted across 10 databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles, appraised studies and extracted data.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Social Science Database, ASSIA, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Thesis and Dissertations Global databases were searched from date of inception to 21 December 2022.

Results

Three randomised controlled trials and eight pre‐experimental studies were included in this review. Synthesis without meta‐analysis was conducted due to high heterogeneity among studies. Interventions with teaching sessions, learning activities, self‐study modules, discussion and a web‐based training system were effective in improving nurses' knowledge, nurse–patient interaction, performance, skills competence and clinical decision‐making. Patients experienced an improvement in nurse–patient interaction and no significant decrease in overall quality of life.

Conclusion

This review has shown the effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for people with chronic kidney disease in improving outcomes for both nurses and patients, with sustained improvements up to a period of 1 year.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Study findings can guide the scope of future training for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease.

Impact

Nurses often lack in‐service training on how to improve care for patients with chronic kidney disease. This study found that training nurses on how to care for such patients can improve outcomes for nurses, which can translate to higher quality of patient care.

Reporting Method

This paper adhered to the synthesis without meta‐analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline.
The Impact of Private Label Introduction on Assortment, Prices, and Profits of Retailers*
Authors: MA Meilin , Siebert Ralph Bernd
Published: November 2023

We study how introducing private‐label brands (PLs) affects retail prices and profits, accounting for assortment adjustments of national brands (NBs). We employ an event‐study framework and scanner data on the US beef market. When a PL is added to the low‐priced market segment, we find that retail stores further differentiate NBs from the PL and remove same‐segment NBs. When a PL is added to the high‐priced segment, however, NB assortment changes are limited. PL introduction and PL‐driven NB assortment changes impose small price effects on NB, but strongly cannibalize NB demand and steer consumers toward PLs, likely increasing store profits.
Dental prosthesis extraoral indexing and pick‐up technique for mandibular full arch immediate rehabilitation in fibula free flap reconstruction
Authors: Betz Sasha J. , Hammer Daniel A. , Andersen Michael R.
Published: November 2023

Same‐day ablative and reconstructive surgeries for the treatment of head and neck pathologies are gaining in popularity with the recognition that single‐day surgeries reduce morbidity and increase quality of life. Implant‐borne prosthetics on the donor graft provide immediate dental reconstruction. This report describes a novel technique for extraoral pickup of a full arch immediate prosthesis from the donor site free flap. This technique minimizes intraoperative occlusal adjustments, saves intraoperative time, prevents undesirable “rolling” of a fibula segment, and immediately rehabilitates patients with dental prosthetics.
Sitting Less for Success: Reducing Sedentary Behaviors to Increase Kindergarten Achievement
Authors: Allee Karyn A. , Garcia Jeanette M. , Roberts Sherron K. , Clark M. H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Physical activity (PA) improves outcomes, but disadvantaged children typically experience more sedentary behavior (SB). This study explored movement, executive function (EF) health, and academic achievement (AA) for economically disadvantaged kindergarteners.

Methods

Children in 2 classrooms (n = 16; n = 7) wore wrist‐based accelerometers to assess PA/SB during the school day. Independent t‐tests and analysis of variance analyzed mean group differences in PA/SB and EF/AA, and correlations explored AA and EF associations.

Results

The movement‐based class spent significantly less time in SB compared to the contemporary class (t = 2.552, g = 1.115), made greater reading (t = −2.611) and math (t = .967) gains, and had better EF (t = .012). There were significant negative correlations between SB and math (r = −.534) and reading (r = −.592), but no significant relationships with EF.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Schools should consider methods to decrease time spent in SB at lower‐SES schools, which is financially feasible and less time‐consuming than programs to increase PA.

Conclusion

Decreased SB time was associated with better AA. More research is needed to determine whether interventions to decrease time spent in SB at school improve academic outcomes in disadvantaged children.
Polarization and Place‐Based Representation in US State Legislatures
Authors: Hunt Charles , Rouse Stella M.
Published: November 2023

Recent scholarship has shown that legislators with deeper local roots and other preexisting place‐based attachments to their districts enjoy far‐reaching electoral advantages over their more “carpetbagging” colleagues. In this article, we consider how local roots, and its intersection with legislative polarization, influences legislative behavior, using a dataset of nearly 5,000 state legislators and novel measures of their local roots. We hypothesize that state legislators with deep local roots in their districts should be less ideologically polarized than their less‐rooted colleagues. This is precisely what we find. Using Shor‐McCarty ideology measures, we show that the most locally rooted legislators are 16% less ideologically extreme than their unrooted counterparts. These effects are comparable to or exceed those of district partisanship, chamber seniority, or other legislator characteristics. Collectively, these findings show that legislators’ local roots not only affect their electoral fortunes, but also have major implications for legislative activity and party polarization.
Race and Gender Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Femoral Footprint Location and Orientation: A 3D‐MRI Study
Authors: Zhang Lihang , Huang Tianwen , Li Changzhao , Xing Xing , Zou Diyang , Dimitriou Dimitris , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan , Li Pingyue
Published: November 2023

Objective

The femoral tunnel position is crucial to anatomic single‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but the ideal femoral footprint position are mostly based on small‐sized cadaveric studies and elderly patients with a single ethnic background. This study aimed to identify potential race‐ or gender‐specific differences in the ACL femoral footprint location and ACL orientation, determine the correlation between the ACL orientation and the femoral footprint location.

Methods

Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 90 Caucasian participants and 90 matched Chinese subjects were used for reconstruction of three‐dimensional (3D) femur and tibial models. ACL footprints were sketched by several experienced orthopedic surgeons on the MRI photographs. The anatomical coordinate system was applied to reflect the ACL footprint location and orientation of scanned samples. The femoral ACL footprint locations were represented by their distance from the origin in the anteroposterior (A/P) and distal‐proximal (D/P) directions. The orientation of the ACL was described with the sagittal, coronal and transverse deviation angles. The ACL orientation and femoral footprint position were compared by the two‐sided t‐test. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlation between the orientation and femoral footprint position.

Results

The average femur footprint A/P position was −6.6 ± 1.6 mm in the Chinese group and −5.1 ± 2.3 mm in the Caucasian group, (p < 0.001). The average femur footprint D/P position was −2.8 ± 2.4 mm in Chinese and − 3.9 ± 2.0 mm in Caucasians, (p = 0.001). The Chinese group had a mean difference of a 1.5 mm (6.1%) more posterior and 1.1 mm (5.3%) more proximal in the position from the flexion‐extension axis (FEA). And the males have a sagittal plane elevation about 4–5° higher than females in both racial groups. Furthermore, for every 1% (0.40 mm) increase in A/P and D/P values, the sagittal angle decreased by about 0.12° and 0.24°, respectively; the coronal angle decreased by about 0.10° and 0.30°, respectively. For every 1% (0.40 mm) increase in D/P value, the transverse angle increased by about 0.14°.

Conclusion

The significant race‐ and gender‐specific differences in the femoral footprint and orientation of the ACL should be taken in consideration during anatomic single‐bundle ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the ACL orientation and the footprint location might provide some reference for surgeons to develop a surgical strategy in ACL single‐bundle reconstruction and revision.
Mitigating wildfire smoke inside homes: Evidence from Oregon, September 2020
Authors: Castillo Charles , Dittrich Ruth , Shandas Vivek , Gall Elliott , Starry Olyssa
Published: November 2023

The smoke produced by wildfires can travel great distances and lead to respiratory and/or cardiovascular health impacts through inhalation. Individuals can reduce exposure by implementing smoke mitigation measures in their homes and beyond. In this article, we examine household level survey data (n = 543) on wildfire smoke mitigation in response to the September 2020 wildfires that occurred in the state of Oregon (and beyond). The air quality was hazardous for about 10 days in many affected regions. This study assessed the implementation of six commonly referenced approaches to reducing exposure to smoke: staying indoors; keeping doors and windows closed, turning on HVAC; using air purifiers; replacing air filters, and wearing face masks. We found high levels of implementation of staying indoors and keeping doors and windows closed; however, statistical analysis of socioeconomic demographics suggests that respondents vary in the implementation of the other measures. Income, number of exposure days, and access to information on smoke mitigation were positively associated with the implementation. Given the importance of information access for implementation for three of the measures, we also present data on how different age groups prefer to be contacted about air quality and smoke mitigation. For example, participants above 65 years of age prefer local TV as opposed to social media, whereas text messages were favored by all age groups. These survey results will help to inform the design of campaigns to engage community members differentially and potentially affect best communication practices and other assistance/preparation for smoke mitigation across demographics.
Language diversity, gender inequality, and aggregate productivity in Canada
Authors: Abdulla Kanat
Published: November 2023

Identifying sources of barriers to occupational mobility is central to evaluating the efficiency of the labor market. In this paper, we present an augmented Roy model in which workers self‐select into occupations, subject to labor market barriers that are specific to their socio‐linguistic group. Our findings provide evidence of differences in labor market outcomes across gender and linguistic groups in Canada. We argue that these differences could be attributed to barriers to labor mobility and that the reduction of these disparities would result in higher aggregate productivity in the country. In the augmented Roy model, the frictions result in inefficient allocation of labor across occupations. The study quantifies the change in aggregate productivity that would result from reducing the friction. The elimination of the frictions increased aggregate output on average by 6.2% and 4.4% in 1991 and 2011, respectively. This finding highlights the importance of reducing language barriers and gender inequality in the labor market. We provide policy recommendations for mitigating the disparities in socioeconomic outcomes between gender and linguistic groups.
Uterine scars after caesarean delivery: From histology to the molecular and ultrastructural level
Authors: Paping Alexander , Basler Clara , Ehrlich Loreen , Fasting Carlo , Melchior Kerstin , Ziska Thomas , Thiele Mario , Duda Georg N. , Timm Sara , Ochs Matthias , Rancourt Rebecca C. , Henrich Wolfgang , Braun Thorsten
Published: November 2023

Uterine rupture during a trial of labor after caesarean delivery (CD) is a serious complication for mother and fetus. The lack of knowledge on histological features and molecular pathways of uterine wound healing has hindered research in this area from evolving over time. We analysed collagen content and turnover in uterine scars on a histological, molecular and ultrastructural level. Therefore, tissue samples from the lower uterine segment were obtained during CD from 16 pregnant women with at least one previous CD, from 16 pregnant women without previous CD, and from 16 non‐pregnant premenopausal women after hysterectomy for a benign disease. Histomorphometrical collagen quantification showed, that the collagen content of the scar area in uterine wall specimens after previous CD was significantly higher than in the unscarred myometrium of the same women and the control groups. Quantitative real‐time PCR of uterine scar tissue from FFPE samples delineated by laser microdissection yielded a significantly higher COL3A1 expression and a significantly lower COL1A2/COL3A1 ratio in scarred uteri than in samples from unscarred uteri. Histological collagen content and the expression of COL1A2 and COL3A1 were positively correlated, while COL1A2/COL3A1 ratio was negatively correlated with the histological collagen content. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a destroyed myometrial ultrastructure in uterine scars with increased collagen density. We conclude that the high collagen content in uterine scars results from an ongoing overexpression of collagen I and III. This is a proof of concept to enable further analyses of specific factors that mediate uterine wound healing.
Significance of plasma-surface interactions in the etch behavior of low-k materials
Authors: Pranda Adam , Grzeskowiak Steven , Tsai Yu- Hao , Yoshida Yusuke , Liu Eric , Han Yun , Biolsi Peter , Kobayashi Ken , Ikezawa Nobuyuki
Published: November 2023

Low-k materials are an integral component in the advancement of semiconductor device performance by reducing parasitic capacitance and enabling faster device switching for a given thickness compared to traditional dielectric materials such as SiO2. With the advances in logic scaling, low-k materials are increasingly more prominent in the structures of advanced devices. For example, low-k materials are essential as the spacer material to provide both etch selectivity between dielectric materials and electrical isolation in field effect transistors. Consequently, the integration of low-k materials requires that the etch behavior of these materials be well understood so that the device structures can be reliably and reproducibly fabricated. In this study, the authors used a high-density plasma reactor with benchmark CF4- and NF3-based process chemistries to etch low-k materials including SiCN, SiOCN, and SiBCN in addition to Si, SiO2, and SiN reference materials. Numerous characterization techniques were utilized to understand the relationships between the plasma conditions, the evolution of the surface chemistry of the materials, and the resulting etch behavior. These techniques consisted of optical emission spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The etch behavior of low-k materials under a given etch process is vital for establishing the etch selectivities in multilayer structures that are required to yield complex device geometries. For example, a directly proportional correlation was observed between the etch rate and intrinsic nitrogen concentration of the low-k materials. Potential mechanisms for the observed etch behaviors were explored using modeling and found that the intrinsic nitrogen composition in the low-k materials can result in energetically favorable reactions that result in the weakening and volatilization of the Si–N bond. Identifying the underlying mechanisms for the etch behaviors of low-k materials will provide key guidance into the development of etch processes that integrate these materials in current and future device structures.
Second-order corrections to Starobinsky inflation
Authors: Rodrigues-da-Silva G. , Medeiros L. G.
Published: November 2023

Higher-order theories of gravity are extensions to general relativity (GR) motivated mainly by high-energy physics searching for GR ultraviolet completeness. They are characterized by the inclusion of correction terms in the Einstein–Hilbert action that leads to higher-order field equations. In this paper, we propose investigating inflation due to the GR extension built with all correction terms up to the second-order involving only the scalar curvature R, namely, $$R^{2}$$

R
2

, $$R^{3}$$

R
3

, $$R\square R$$

R
□
R

. We investigate inflation within the Friedmann cosmological background, where we study the phase space of the model, as well as explore inflation in slow-roll leading-order. Furthermore, we describe the evolution of scalar perturbations and properly establish the curvature perturbation. Finally, we confront the proposed model with recent observations from Planck, BICEP3/Keck, and BAO data.
D11 and small angle neutron scattering: a paradigm of ILL
Authors: White John
Published: November 2023

This paper describes some of the early events in the 50 year success of D11. That, and the Institut Laue Langevin are linked by an attitude that embraces both instrument renewal and new areas of science. The neutron sources proved to be reliable and serviceable, the neutron guides and guide hall have been a great benefit, and the user concept has led to a strengthening international community of diverse and good science and to new instruments clamouring for funding in a growing facility. Designs were perfected and the second wind (Deuxième Souffle) funded the outflow from which a second strong phase has evolved.

Graphical Abstract
Complex vs. convex Morse functions and geodesic open books
Authors: Dehornoy Pierre , Ozbagci Burak
Published: November 2023

Suppose that [Formula: see text] is a closed and oriented surface equipped with a Riemannian metric. In the literature, there are three seemingly distinct constructions of open books on the unit (co)tangent bundle of [Formula: see text], having complex, contact and dynamical flavors, respectively. Each one of these constructions is based on either an admissible divide or an ordered Morse function on [Formula: see text]. We show that the resulting open books are pairwise isotopic provided that the ordered Morse function is adapted to the admissible divide on [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we observe that if [Formula: see text] has positive genus, then none of these open books are planar and furthermore, we determine the only cases when they have genus one pages.
Saliency-Guided Sparse Low-Rank Tensor Approximation for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Du ZhiGuo , Yang Lian , Tang MingXuan
Published: November 2023

Hyperspectral anomaly detection can separate sparse anomalies from the low-rank background component under an unsupervised behavior due to sufficient spectral information. Therefore, hyperspectral image anomaly detection technology has great application potential and value in public security and national defense. Currently, most existing models attempt to detect anomalous targets with a sparsity prior, without further considering the visual saliency of the targets themselves. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a saliency-guided sparse low-rank tensor approximation model, called SSLR, to detect anomalous targets from hyperspectral remote sensing images in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, we first explore the saliency information of each pixel for regularizing the sparse anomaly matrix. We then suggest a three-directional tensor nuclear norm to obtain a low-rank background to characterize the background component. We solve the SSLR optimization problem by an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers framework. Experiments conducted on benchmark hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed SSLR outperforms some state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods.
SCR-LIBM: A Correctly Rounded Elementary Function Library in Double-Precision
Authors: Qu Yang , Xu Jinchen , Zhou Bei , Hao Jiangwei , Li Fei , Zhang Zuoyan
Published: November 2023

The MPFR and CR-LIBM math libraries are frequently utilized due to their ability to generate correctly rounded results for all double-precision inputs. However, it is worth noting that MPFR has a slower average performance, while CR-LIBM achieves correct rounding over two iterations, rendering it less stable. In addition, CR-LIBM has a poor performance in handling the worst-case of correct rounding. This paper implements a correctly rounded elementary function library called SCR-LIBM in double-precision, which is stable and efficient. Our key idea is to divide subdomains and use the low-degree Taylor polynomial to approximate the elementary function in each subdomain. We simulate the high-precision representation based on the double–double data format, and use the error-free transformation and Double-double algorithm to control the error in the process of polynomial approximation and output compensation. Our approach ensures that the elementary function is correctly rounded, without the need for redundant iterations. The experimental evaluation shows that the average performance of elementary functions implemented in SCR-LIBM is 8.534 times faster than that of MPFR, and 2.492 times faster than that of CR-LIBM when dealing with the worst-case of correct rounding. What’s more, our SCR-LIBM is more stable than CR-LIBM.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Bistable Morphing Composite Laminated Shell Based on High-Dimensional Dynamical Model
Authors: Wu Meiqi , Li Bingyang , Lv Pengyu , Li Hongyuan , Liu Yaze
Published: November 2023

The bistable morphing composite laminated shell presents promising potential for aerospace morphing structures design, as it is capable of shape-changing under small energy inputs and maintaining two stable states without external loading. The bistable nonlinearity is distinct from the typical geometrical nonlinearity, as it arises from thermal residual stresses that cannot be equalized. During the derivation of a three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model, Sanders’ nonlinear strain is incorporated into the strain–displacement relationship, while thermal residual stresses are taken into account in the constitutive relationship. The nonlinear dynamic model effectively captures the snap-through phenomena with orthogonal asymmetry in bistable morphing composite laminated shells. In order to reveal the resonance response and chaotic characteristics due to the interaction of vibrations between degrees of freedom, high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical model is derived by multiple scales method based on the 1:1:1 internal resonance relationship. The resonance response curves reflect the parametric influence law of the dynamical system stability. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors are described by the bifurcation diagrams and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The significant motions under particular excitation conditions are visualized by phase portraits, time histories and Poincaré maps.
Damage Identification and Health Assessment of Crane Girder Structure Under Moving Loads
Authors: Hu Mantang , Wang Guofeng , Sheng Yanliang
Published: November 2023

In the degradation evaluation process of the crane girder structure under moving loads, the complex vibration response and low accuracy of health index standards are the main factors limiting the performance of the evaluation method. A method for identifying and evaluating damage to crane girder structures under moving loads has been proposed. In this method, optimized empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is used for decomposing the vibration signal of the crane girder structure to obtain sensitive components. A health indicator based on power spectrum maximum sequence is constructed by combining structural vibration simulation and response characteristics analysis under moving loads. A degradation index acquisition scheme based on an optimized sparse autoencoder is proposed, which utilizes a simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the model parameters of the sparse autoencoder. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through girder structure crack tests under moving loads.
Manipulating the direction of one-way steering in an optomechanical ring cavity
Authors: Qars Jamal El , Boukhris Benachir , Tirbiyine Ahmed , Labrag Abdelaziz
Published: November 2023

Quantum steering refers to the apparent possibility of exploiting nonseparable quantum correlations to remotely influence the quantum state of an observer via local measurements. Different from entanglement and Bell nonlocality, quantum steering exhibits an inherent asymmetric property, which makes it relevant for many asymmetric quantum information processing tasks. Here, we study Gaussian quantum steering between two mechanical modes in an optomechanical ring cavity. Using experimentally feasible parameters, we show that the state of the two considered modes can exhibit two-way steering and even one-way steering. Instead of using unbalanced losses or noises, we propose a simple practical way to control the direction of one-way steering. A comparative study between the steering and entanglement of the studied modes shows that both steering and entanglement undergo a sudden death-like behavior. In particular, steering is found more fragile against thermal noise remaining constantly upper-bounded by entanglement. The proposed scheme may be meaningful for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution, where the security of such protocol depends fundamentally on the direction of steering.
The Interacting Role of Corruption Control in the Relationship Between Financial Development and Ecological Footprint: Evidence from Top Selected African Countries
Authors: Farouq Ibrahim , Sulong Zunaidah
Published: November 2023

Recent studies suggest that financial development has several implications for the ecological footprint. However, the relevance of corruption control in the nexus between financial development and ecological footprint remains an open question. Owing to the high level of corruption in the leading African economies, domestic credit may not be available to prospective investors for environmentally friendly production. Therefore, this study inspired by the growing threats to environmental quality examines the mitigating effects of financial development and corruption control on the ecological footprint of ten leading African economies. The study also investigated the moderating role of corruption control in the link between financial development and ecological impact. Our study employs the dynamic common correlated effects approach (a second-generation technique) using panel data from 1996 to 2020.

Results: The empirical findings of the estimation unveiled that financial development, economic growth, and corruption control intensify ecological footprint, while economic growth square reduces it. The result confirms the U-shaped relationship between economic growth and ecological footprint. The interactive term of corruption control and financial development shows that corruption control significantly moderates the positive impact of financial development on the ecological footprint. These results persist when cross-sectional auto-regressive distributive lag is used to re-estimate the model. Furthermore, Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s causality tests show two-way causality between ecological footprint, financial development, corruption control, and economic growth. The study guides economies to develop policies to enhance financial instruments necessary to help mitigate ecological footprint.
Hyper BCK-Algebras Arising from n-ary Block Codes and Some Algorithms
Authors: Atamewoue Surdive
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we construct [Formula: see text]-ary block codes induced by a hyper BCK-valued function and provide a method which allows us to find a hyper BCK-algebra starting from an [Formula: see text]-ary block code. Since doing calculus by hand in finite hyper BCK-algebras is really tedious work, we design algorithms for studying properties of hyper BCK-algebras.
Cartesian Product and Composition of Soft Semigraphs
Authors: George Bobin , Jose Jinta , Thumbakara Rajesh K.
Published: November 2023

The concept of soft set theory offers a versatile framework for addressing uncertain and imprecise information that classical set theory struggles to manage effectively. The notion of a soft set was utilized to introduce the concept of a soft graph, which enables the generation of various representations of a relation represented by a graph through parametrization. Semigraph is a generalization of a graph which is different from a hypergraph. Soft semigraph was introduced by applying the concept of soft set in semigraph. In this paper, we introduce the Cartesian product, restricted Cartesian product, composition and restricted composition of soft semigraphs and investigate some of their properties.
On Soft Graph Isomorphism
Authors: Thumbakara Rajesh K. , Jose Jinta , George Bobin
Published: November 2023

The soft set theory provides a flexible framework for dealing with uncertain and imprecise information that is not adequately handled by classical set theory. The notion of a soft set was utilized to introduce the concept of a soft graph, which enables the generation of various representations of a relation represented by a graph through parameterization. Graph isomorphism is a key technique for pattern matching in various fields, such as image processing, computer and information systems, social network analysis, chemical bond exploration, and protein structure analysis. In this study, we explore isomorphism in soft graphs and investigate the properties of tabular representations of two isomorphic soft graphs. Additionally, we explore the concept of the soft complement of a soft graph and prove that it is a soft graph of the complement of the original graph. We also establish that if two soft graphs are isomorphic, their soft complements are also isomorphic. Moreover, we define self-complementary soft graphs and examine their properties.
Finite presentations for the balanced superelliptic mapping class groups
Authors: Hirose Susumu , Omori Genki
Published: November 2023

The balanced superelliptic mapping class group is the normalizer of the transformation group of the balanced superelliptic covering space in the mapping class group of the total surface. We give finite presentations for the balanced superelliptic mapping class groups of closed surfaces, surfaces with one marked point, and surfaces with one boundary component. To give these presentations, we construct finite presentations for corresponding liftable mapping class groups in a different generating set from Ghaswala–Winarski’s presentation in [9].
Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials and Heterostructures for Spin-Orbit Torque Applications
Authors: Rahaman Towhidur , Kumar Abhishek , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Roy Debangsu
Published: November 2023

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) plays an efficient and versatile role in electrical manipulation in spintronic devices at the nanoscale, which shows great promise for ultrafast and energy-efficient magnetic random-access memory (MRAM). To get high-performance SOT devices, their charge-to-spin conversion ratio must be sufficiently high and low current consumption is the desired one. Two-dimensional van der Waals (2D-vdW) materials possess strong tunability and spin-orbit coupling compared to conventional metals, which can efficiently achieve both things. This review covers a generalized introduction to SOT and its origin, their measurement techniques, SOTs observed in various 2D material-based heterostructures made of topological insulators (TIs), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and van der Waals (vdW) materials as they have excellent electronic properties down to their monolayer limit and ease of integration. Further, it covers the recent progress of SOT devices in each category, highlighting their potential for achieving high-performance and energy-efficient spintronic devices and their potential applications.
Miniaturization and Control of an Unmanned Tiltwing Aircraft
Authors: Müller Julian , Moormann Dieter
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to describe the miniaturization and control of an unmanned tiltwing aircraft. For geometric miniaturization and mechanical realization, a lightweight design based on carbon fiber tubes, polystyrene rigid foam and 3D-printed parts is used. The attitude controller is adopted from an existing full-scale unmanned tiltwing aircraft and follows the control strategy of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI). The effects of the miniaturization, including low mass inertia combined with comparatively large aerodynamic surfaces, require a re-evaluation of INDI-based assumptions. Due to the aircraft’s rear-positioned center of gravity, the modeled control ability of the main motors is adapted and explicitly considered in the controller design. The integrity of both, construction and controller, is validated in simulations and flight tests.
Adaptive Sliding-Mode Disturbance Observer-Based Nonlinear Control for Unmanned Dual-Arm Aerial Manipulator Subject to State Constraints
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Yu Hai , Wu Shizhen , Liang Xiao , Fang Yongchun
Published: November 2023

The unmanned dual-arm aerial manipulator system is composed of a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and two manipulators. Compared to a single manipulator, dual-arm always provides greater flexibility and versatility in both goods delivery and complex task execution. However, the practical application of the system is limited due to nonlinearities and complex dynamic coupling behavior between the multirotor and the manipulator, as well as the one between the inner and outer loop of the multirotor. In this paper, a holistic model of the dual-arm aerial manipulator system is first derived with complete model information. Subsequently, an adaptive sliding-mode disturbance observer (ASMDO) is proposed to handle external disturbances and unmeasurable disturbances caught by unmeasurable angular velocity and acceleration of the manipulators. Moreover, for safety concerns and transient performance requirements, the state constraints should be guaranteed. To this end, an auxiliary term composed of constrained variable signals is introduced. Then, the performance of the designed method is proven by rigorous analysis. Finally, the proposed method is validated through two sets of simulation tests.
Anisotropic flow characteristics in single-fractured tensile and shear fractures in granite subjected to various confining stress
Authors: Yang Wentao , Su Xiaopeng , Zhou Lei , Wu Wenjie , Wei Xu , Lei Ruide
Published: November 2023

Anisotropic flow characteristics in single-fractured tensile and shear fractures in granite subjected to various confining stresses were investigated by experiments and experimental results-based flow simulations. Anisotropic characteristics in aspects such as the permeability reduction rate, stress dependency of permeability, and flow paths in fracture and fracture aperture distribution were analysed and compared between tensile and shear fractures. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) for tensile fractures, the permeability in the
X
direction,

k
X

, is slightly lower than the permeability in the
Y
direction,

k
Y

, and the average permeability anisotropic coefficient,

α

k

(

α

k

 = 

k
X

/

k
Y

), is in the range 0.236–0.779. For shear fractures,

k
X

is obviously lower than

k
Y

, and

α

k

is in the range 0.038–0.163; therefore, the permeability anisotropy in shear fractures is stronger than in tensile fractures. (2) Strong channelling effects exist in both shear and tensile fractures. The stress-dependence coefficient of permeability is 0.731 MPa
−1
in the
X
direction and 0.365 MPa
−1
in the
Y
direction for tensile fractures, and 0.034 and 0.010 MPa
−1
, respectively, for shear fractures, indicating that the dependency of permeability on stress also shows anisotropy. (3) An empirical model for

α

k

based on stress and fracture aperture variograms is proposed. Based on

α

k

, permeability along both the
X
and
Y
directions can be well predicted, especially under relatively high confining stress.
Geophysical research on the interplays between soil–rock variability and hydrogeological structures: a case study
Authors: Akingboye Adedibu Sunny
Published: November 2023

Understanding the spatial variations in soil–rock profiles is crucial for identifying weathered rock layers and mapping geological structures, particularly in the complex feldspar-rich granitic terrain of Penang Island, Malaysia. This study employs a combination of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomographic techniques, along with borehole lithological data, in three distinct areas on the island. Its goal is to provide insights into surficial and subsurface soil–rock characteristics and water-bearing structures within the North Penang Pluton (including a part of the Sungai Ara axis) for sustainable groundwater development, addressing the needs of the region's growing population. The research identifies three distinct geological units at the near-surface: residual soils, highly to moderately weathered/fractured granitic layers and fresh bedrock, each with its hydrogeological properties. Promisingly, the weathered layers offer significant groundwater development potential, with deep weathered and potentially fractured zones exceeding depths of 30 m in the study area. These findings have substantial implications for sustainable groundwater development, especially in tropical hard-rock terrains. In addition, the study underscores the limitations of small geophysical spacings when probing deeper groundwater resources. This knowledge is essential for informed decision-making in water resource management and infrastructure development, addressing the ongoing global challenge of ensuring access to clean water resources amid population growth.
PACMMOD Volume 1, Issue 3: Editorial
Authors: Agrawal Divyakant , Meliou Alexandra , Sudarshan S.
Published: November 2023

We are excited to introduce this new issue of PACMMOD (Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data). PACMMOD is a new journal, concerned with the principles, algorithms, techniques, systems, and applications of database management systems, data management technology, and science and engineering of data. It includes articles reporting cutting-edge data management, data engineering, and data science research. Articles published at PACMMOD address data challenges at various stages of the data lifecycle, from modeling, acquisition, cleaning, integration, indexing, querying, analysis, exploration, visualization, interpretation, and explanation. They focus on dataintensive components of data pipelines, and solve problems in areas of interest to our community (e.g., data curation, optimization, performance, storage, systems), operating within accuracy, privacy, fairness, and diversity constraints. Articles reporting deployed systems and solutions to data science pipelines and/or fundamental experiences and insights from evaluating real-world data engineering problems are especially encouraged.
Fast Maximal Quasi-clique Enumeration: A Pruning and Branching Co-Design Approach
Authors: Yu Kaiqiang , Long Cheng
Published: November 2023

Mining cohesive subgraphs from a graph is a fundamental problem in graph data analysis. One notable cohesive structure is γ-quasi-clique (QC), where each vertex connects at least a fraction γ of the other vertices inside. Enumerating maximal γ-quasi-cliques (MQCs) of a graph has been widely studied and used for many applications such as community detection and significant biomolecule structure discovery. One common practice of finding all MQCs is to (1) find a set of QCs containing all MQCs and then (2) filter out non-maximal QCs. While quite a few algorithms have been developed (which are branch-and-bound algorithms) for finding a set of QCs that contains all MQCs, all focus on sharpening the pruning techniques and devote little effort to improving the branching part. As a result, they provide no guarantee on pruning branches and all have the worst-case time complexity of O*(2n), where O* suppresses the polynomials and n is the number of vertices in the graph. In this paper, we focus on the problem of finding a set of QCs containing all MQCs but deviate from further sharpening the pruning techniques as existing methods do. We pay attention to both the pruning and branching parts and develop new pruning techniques and branching methods that would suit each other better towards pruning more branches both theoretically and practically. Specifically, we develop a new branch-and-bound algorithm called FastQC based on newly developed pruning techniques and branching methods, which improves the worst-case time complexity to O*(αkn), where αk is a positive real number strictly smaller than 2. Furthermore, we develop a divide-and-conquer strategy for boosting the performance of FastQC. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets, and the results show that our algorithms are up to two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art on real datasets.