bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PESQUISA EDUCACIONAL SOBRE MST E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NO BRASIL
Authors: SOUZA MARIA ANTÔNIA DE
Published: March 2020

RESUMO: Este trabalho caracteriza o estágio atual da pesquisa educacional sobre o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e Educação do Campo. É fruto de investigação bibliográfica de Tese s e dissertações sobre o (MST), desde 1986, e a Educação do Campo a partir de 2002. Os procedimentos de pesquisa foram: consulta ao banco de teses da Capes; levantamento de dados nos currículos dos pesquisadores; análise das listas de referências dos livros, teses e dissertações vinculados ao tema e análise de conteúdo das pesquisas. Foram identificadas 1.310 pesquisas produzidas nos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu da área da educação no Brasil, e selecionadas 359 sobre o MST e 763 sobre a Educação do Campo. A produção concentra-se na Região Centro-Sul do País, embora haja expressivo número de pesquisas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Os eixos temáticos centrais das teses e dissertações são: formação de professores, prática educativa, políticas públicas e organização do trabalho pedagógico.
Photosynthetic index and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings transplanted in soil with ammonium glufosinate
Authors: Cui Cui , Xie Xurong , Wang Liu-Yan , Wang Rui-Li , Lei Wei , Lv Jun , Chen Liuyi , Gao Huan-Huan , Ye Sang , Huang Linya , Zhou Qing-Yuan
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Herbicide application is an effective weed control method for mitigating crop yield loss; however, herbicide overuse can cause toxicity in non-target plants. The present study evaluated the effects of glufosinate at recommended dose for agricultural application (0.45 kg ha-1) and at overuse dose (0.90 kg ha-1) glufosinate application on photosynthetic performance and nitrogen assimilation of the rapeseed varieties D148 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both glufosinate concentrations significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll and nitrogenous compounds, except free proline, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, and increased the activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase in both varieties. When the concentration of glyphosate was 0.45kg ha-1, the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties decreased, which indicated that the recommended dosage inhibited the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties; however, the increase of net photosynthetic rate of D148 and the decrease of that of ZS11 mean that D148 is more tolerant to the recommended dose of glyphosate than ZS11. The 0.90 kg ha-1 dosage was toxic to both rapeseed varieties. Overall, our results indicated that herbicide overuse inhibited the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings, and it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose based on the variety grown to minimize adverse effects on crops and environment.
Fundación, fabulación, alegoría y fraude: la imagen de Manco Cápac en la Historia Índica (1572) de Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa y en los Comentarios Reales (1609) del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Authors: Carrandi Joaquín Zuleta
Published: March 2020

Resumen El presente artículo se centra en el cotejo y representación de la figura de Manco Cápac en veintiuna crónicas de los incas, cuyo arco temporal se extiende entre mediados del siglo XVI hasta 1653. El objetivo principal es conocer la caracterización moral de este personaje y sus implicancias en la discusión en torno a la legitimidad de la dinastía incaica en el Perú. Finalmente, me centro en la Historia índica y en los Comentarios reales para analizar el papel que cumple Manco Cápac en esas crónicas y la visión del pasado prehispánico que ofrecen los cronistas, con relación a la tiranía de los incas o del Tahuantinsuyo como espacio de prefiguración del cristianismo. Además, discuto el concepto de alegoría que plantea la crítica en relación con el Manco Cápac representado por el Inca Garcilaso.
Práticas letradas de representação do outro: Antônio Vieira e o “índio antes do indianismo”
Authors: Silva Felipe Lima da
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo pretende refletir acerca da configuração da imagem do índio no sermonário de Antônio Vieira, relacionando questões eminentes do pensamento escolástico e dos interesses da ordem jesuítica. Mais precisamente, será enfocada a visão dos missionários sobre a alteridade do Novo Mundo, ressaltando, por sua vez, a ótica pragmática de Vieira a propósito dos povos recém-descobertos no século XVI.
Sintomas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse em Estudantes de Medicina e Estratégias Institucionais de Enfrentamento
Authors: Costa Deyvison Soares da , Medeiros Natany de Souza Batista , Cordeiro Rayane Alves , Frutuoso Everton de Souza , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Moreira Simone da Nóbrega Tomaz
Published: March 2020

Resumo: Introdução: Este estudo teve como propósito estimar a prevalência de sintomas de estresse, depressão e ansiedade dos estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), associando-os com outros fatores. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo epidemiológico, do tipo transversal. Participaram desta pesquisa estudantes de Medicina da UFRN, distribuídos equitativamente entre os diferentes períodos do curso. Entregaram-se 288 questionários, no entanto validaram-se 279, os demais não foram respondidos corretamente. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFRN (Parecer nº 2.009.026) e todos os voluntários assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), após serem informados sobre os objetivos da pesquisa. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: 1. ficha de Identificação para os dados sociodemográficos, 2. Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), 3. Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e 4. Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI). Para análise dos resultados, realizaram-se análises descritivas a partir da média, do desvio padrão e da frequência dos dados coletados. A análise inferencial foi realizada para verificar a associação entre as variáveis de desfechos e os atributos dos estudantes. Resultados: Dos estudantes entrevistados, 66,3% tinham estresse e a maioria estava na fase de resistência (58,4%) com predominância de sintomas psicológicos (42,3%). Em relação à sintomatologia depressiva, 28% dos estudantes apresentavam sintomas: 51,3% com sinais de depressão de leve a moderada, 35,9% com sinais de depressão moderada e 12,8% com sinais de depressão severa. No que se refere à sintomatologia ansiosa, 66,3% dos estudantes apresentavam sinais de ansiedade em seu grau mínimo; e 33,7%, sinais de ansiedade leve, moderada ou severa. Desses últimos, 21,9% tinham sinais de ansiedade leve; 10,8%, sinais de ansiedade moderada; e 1%, sinais de ansiedade severa. Conclusões: Diante disso, acredita-se que as instituições de ensino superior devem se comprometer com o desenvolvimento integral dos seus estudantes apresentando estratégias institucionais para o enfrentamento dessa realidade.
Children in Situation of Intra-Family Violence: Concepts, Personal Experiences and Feelings of Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Santos Nilma Lazara de Almeida Cruz , Lima Isabel Maria Sampaio Oliveira , Carvalho Rosely Cabral de
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The objective of the study was to learn about the concepts of violence among medical undergraduate students in the state of Bahia, their personal experiences with the phenomenon and advice regarding case referral. Method: a qualitative research was carried out with 20 undergraduate medical students from public institutions in the state of Bahia. The data were collected via the web through an electronic file made available by Google Forms. The students were informed about the page address through an e-mail. Results: Most of the students said that the topic of “Violence against Children” was addressed during their undergraduate years. Shared conceptions by most of the students on the subject are related to the definitions of violence as physical injuries inflicted on the victims, but broader definitions of social and subjective perception, encompassing different dimensions of the phenomenon were also identified. The most frequently cited feelings experienced in situations of violence were the following: helplessness, fear, sadness, unpreparedness, compassion, empathy, anger and rage. The difficulties that the students encountered in approaching the victims of violence stem from the lack of preparation in the training and from the positions related to the physicians themselves, such as fear of involvement and accountability. The inherent characteristics of children and distrust in protective services were also mentioned. Conclusion: Although the students reported having contact with the topic during graduation, most of them evaluated the training as insufficient. The lack of professional preparation to approach the medical-social issues, such as violence, has been partially attributed to the biologicist bias of the medical training. In this sense, we highlight the understanding of violence as an essentially social and historical phenomenon, to the detriment of the different dimensions of the illness that imply in the health-disease process. From this perspective, this bias obscure the recognition of the different manifestations of violence as objects of healthcare work, suggesting a need for a broader approach in medical education, which can help to contemplate the complexity of the subject.
Humanidades Médicas e seu Lugar no Currículo: Opiniões dos Participantes do Cobem/2017
Authors: Barboza Jaqueline Santos , Felício Helena Maria dos Santos
Published: March 2020

Resumo: É crescente a percepção de que uma formação médica com enfoque exclusivo nas disciplinas biológicas é insuficiente para a apreensão da complexidade e da singularidade do adoecimento humano. Partimos, assim, do pressuposto de que as humanidades médicas oferecem uma contribuição importante para a formação médica, por meio de referências para uma compreensão ampliada do processo saúde-doença e para a organização do cuidado em saúde, isto é, voltadas para a humanização. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as percepções de um grupo de discentes, docentes e coordenadores de curso médico sobre a integração das disciplinas de humanidades médicas nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina. A pesquisa de abordagem descritiva, quantitativa e de corte transversal consistiu na aplicação de um questionário estruturado a um grupo de participantes do 55º Congresso Brasileiro de Educação Médica (Cobem, Porto Alegre, RS, outubro de 2017), considerado assim uma amostra de conveniência. Os participantes do evento foram abordados nos intervalos das conferências e convidados a responder a um questionário que buscava opiniões sobre a inserção e a integração das disciplinas das Ciências Humanas nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina. O questionário continha ainda a caracterização da amostra quanto à região de origem, ao âmbito jurídico da instituição (privada, pública ou confessional) e ao papel do respondente (docente, discente ou coordenador/a). Foram obtidos 234 questionários, submetidos posteriormente à análise estatística descritiva. A análise evidenciou que as humanidades médicas são percebidas como importantes na formação, mas não há consenso sobre serem fundamentais na aquisição de habilidades humanísticas. As experiências interdisciplinares curriculares existem, porém nem todos percebem as temáticas de humanidades em diversos momentos no currículo médico ou articuladas a outras disciplinas. Enquanto as experiências interdisciplinares são percebidas com maior facilidade, a articulação transversal das temáticas humanísticas aparece em menor medida. De acordo com as respostas, as disciplinas permanecem concentradas apenas nos períodos iniciais, contudo a percepção de suficiência apresenta opiniões divididas. Também há discreta diferença na opinião sobre a articulação das humanidades nos ciclos básico e avançado. A menor percepção de integração das humanidades aparece nas práticas que integram ensino-serviço-comunidade.
Impacto da Capacitação de Profissionais da Rede Pública de Saúde de São Paulo na Prática da Fitoterapia
Authors: Haraguchi Linete Maria Menzenga , Sañudo Adriana , Rodrigues Eliana , Cervigni Herbert , Carlini Elisaldo Luiz de Araujo
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Following the introduction in 2006 of the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices, and The National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines, the Municipal Secretariat for the Environment of the City Hall of Sao Paulo initiated the Medicinal Plants Course, later expanded to The Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines Course for the training of health professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the 2014 and 2015 edition of the course “Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines” on health professional practices. Methods: An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The quantitative process (Phase I) consisted of a questionnaire being emailed to health professionals who were involved in the course, divided into seven categories: biomedical professional, dental surgeon, nurse, pharmacist, physiotherapist, physician and nutritionist; and, out of 165 questionnaires, 114 responses were received (69.1%). The Qualitative and Quantitative process (Phase II), comprised semi-structured, in-person individual interviews to obtain detailed information on Phytotherapy practices, with 73 health professionals being interviewed, before and after the training, comparing their practices afterwards. Results: The course had a positive impact on the acceptance and application of Phytotherapy by health professionals with a significant increase (p<0.001) in the expansion of activities related to Phytotherapy (herbal tea “meetings”, medicinal herb gardens and capacity training), regarding the use of herbal products, such as Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Maytenus ilicifolia (espinheira-santa), Valeriana officinalis (valeriana). An increase in the knowledge of Phytotherapy risks was also observed, although there was no increase in the reporting of adverse reactions. The study confirmed the importance of the inclusion of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines Courses as part of undergraduate and postgraduate school, as well as the technical training and continuing education for SUS health professionals. Conclusion: The positive impact found out in almost all evaluated aspects, such as the increase in the knowledge and in the prescription of herbal medicines, confirms the importance of such courses. The results suggest the training promoted a positive impact on the Phytotherapy practice of the Public Health System professionals in São Paulo.
Reflections on the Terminality of Life with Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Brito Priscelly Cristina Castro , Sobreiro Izaura Mariana , Atzingen Dênia Amélia Novato Castelli von , Silva José Vitor da , Mendonça Adriana Rodrigues dos Anjos
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Death and dying are daily relevant themes for health care professionals and medical students. Nonetheless, since their first years of graduation, students are contrived to supplant the holistic conception of human beings and life in favor of enhancing the technical aspects of the medical profession. Methods: Therefore, in face of the few opportunities to enquire about these future professionals’ feelings and comprehensions toward life terminality, we pursued their perceptions through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. Ten students from each year of the medical course at UNIVAS were interviewed, encompassing 60 scholars. Students should be regularly enrolled in the medical course, as well as give their consent, by signing the Consent Term, to participate in the study. The interviews took place at the institution and the material containing students’ responses was fully destroyed afterwards. Their responses were analyzed based on the Discourse of the Collective Subject Method. Results: The idea of terminality being properly the “end of life” was paramount among the years, situation with which a great amount of the scholars (58%) admitted not being prepared to deal with, due to the lack of reflections about death, its psychological aspects and repercussions in the academic context. Interestingly, about 16% of the scholars considered themselves prepared to deal with someone’s death, although they were not prepared to intervene in the actual process. This is reinforced by the fact that students must deal with the real scenario of giving undesirable news without previously being prepared to do so, by means of reflecting upon a hypothetical related to the “life-death binomial”. Conclusion: Thus, it seems necessary to create spaces in the curriculum that yield not only theoretical-practical but also affective support in situations related to terminality. The proposal of a theoretical-practical education based on palliative care amid the learning programs would shape confident attitudes of future health care professionals towards care.
Prevalence of the Settlement of Medical Residences in the State of Tocantins in the Period 2013-2017
Authors: Guedes Ana Carolina Batista de Souza , Dias Fellipe Camargo Ferreira , Osório Neila Barbosa , Baldaçara Raquel Prudente de Carvalho , Guedes Virgílio Ribeiro , Silva Neto Luiz Sinésio
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Introduction: The accomplishment of medical residency (MR) is a type of qualification considered to be the “gold standard” for medical specialization. Understanding whether there is actually greater professional settlement or not stimulated by MR and which factors hinder or contribute to the physician’s permanence in that place, are important information for the structuring of medical residency and health system programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of settlement of medical residents who finished the residency training in the state of Tocantins, after the implementation of medical residency programs in the period from 2013 to 2017. Method: This is an observational quantitative research, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using the telematic technique and its own questionnaire, carried out with 44 medical residents that finished the medical residency program in the state of Tocantins. The project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) under Opinion number 2.292.540. Results: The prevalence of settlement was 65.9% of physicians in the state of Tocantins. Most residents were females (59.1%), with a mean age of 30.8 ± 3.1 years, income between 10 and 20 minimum wages (55.8%) and worked during their residency training (84.1%). The specialties that showed the highest settlement rates were general surgery and clinical medicine, and among these, the majority works for the private and state health networks. The main reason for not settling in Tocantins was to attend another residency or subspecialty program in another state (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of medical residents that finished the residency and settled in Tocantins during the analyzed period can be considered high (65.9%). The fact that most of these individuals are young and female and the reason for not settling in the state are important indicators to be analyzed together with the settlement process and the offering of positions in the specialties available in Tocantins. The results of the study indicated a favorable and strategic perspective of the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in the medical settlement in Tocantins, which cannot be generalized to the reality of such an unequal health system in the country. A larger public investment in the structuring of health network services is necessary, especially in the municipal network, in the organization of support and socioeconomic development of cities.
Head lettuce production and nutrition in relation to nutrient solution flow
Authors: Dalastra Cleiton , Teixeira Filho Marcelo CM , Silva Marcelo R da , Nogueira Thiago AR , Fernandes Guilherme Carlos
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT The optimum flow rate of nutrient solution in hydroponic system can better nourish the crops, allowing healthy and faster growth of lettuce. However, flow also interferes with electric power consumption, so further researches are necessary, mainly on the effect of flow rate, nutrient accumulation and lettuce production. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate nutrition and production of head lettuce in relation to the nutrient solution flow in NFT hydroponic system. The treatments consisted of nutrient solution application at the flow rates 0.5; 1; 2, and 4 liters per minute in each cultivation channel. Five replicates per treatment consisted of 15 plants each. The flow in hydroponic systems to produce head lettuce alters the technical performance of the crop. Due to the greater nutrient accumulation in shoot and use efficiency of these elements, the highest production (g/plant) of head lettuce was obtained with a flow rate of 1 L/min of the nutrient solution.
Tomato production in hydroponic system using different agrofilms as greenhouse cover
Authors: Marques Douglas José , Matheus Filho Edmur , Bianchini Hudson C , Veroneze Junior Valdir , Santos Breno Régis , Carlos Lanamar de A , Silva Ernani Clarete da
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Protected cultivation has increased over the years. More studies on the benefits of using photoselective agrofilms are necessary. The choice of material to cover the greenhouse is a decisive factor for crop development and production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diffuser and blue-colored agrofilms on the production of different tomato cultivars of indeterminate growth habit under NFT hydroponic system. A completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two environments and three cultivars) was used: two agrofilm types (blue and diffuser) and 3 cultivars (Monterrey, Arendell and Totalle). Each plot consisted of 30 plants per treatment, with four replicates. Commercial tomato seedlings of indeterminate growth habit grafted on rootstock cultivar (Shincheonggang) were used. During the experiment, the electrical conductivity, intensity of radiation inside the greenhouse, gas exchange, soluble solids, lycopene content, pH and fruit production were evaluated. We concluded that the amount of radiation transmitted through the diffuser favors an increase of about 18% in gas exchange, 12% in lycopene content and 9.4% in tomato crop production.
Development and production of sweet corn applied with biostimulant as seed treatment
Authors: Lima Sebastião F , Jesus Anderson A , Vendruscolo Eduardo P , Oliveira Tabata Raissa , Andrade Maria Gabriela O , Simon Cátia Aparecida
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Sweet corn has potential to increase farmer’s income. Thus, biostimulants may contribute to increase productivity of sweet corn, being indicated and used in various crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying biostimulant on sweet corn crops and to establish the ideal dose aiming to increase the crop’s agronomic characteristics. The experiment was installed in the municipality of Chapadão do Sul-MS and was conducted from November 15, 2012 to February 19, 2013. Treatments were composed of eight biostimulant doses (0.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0, 24.0 and 28.0 mL kg-1 of seeds), arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The responses of the variables to the best dose of biostimulant were 12.4, 15.3, 13.7, 12.4, 15.7, 16.4, 15.4 and 12.5 mL kg-1, respectively for plant height, first ear insertion height, stem diameter, final population, number of ears per hectare, ear mass with and without straw and ear index. Considering that the ear with straw is the source of economic return to the producer, the dose of 16.4 mL kg-1 is the best indication in this condition.
Na sala de espera do terreiro: uma investigação com adeptos da umbanda com queixas de adoecimento
Authors: Silva Luciana Macedo Ferreira , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: March 2020

Resumo As queixas de adoecimento fazem parte de uma importante parcela das demandas religiosas em diversas crenças, com destaque para a umbanda no cenário brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo etnopsicológico foi conhecer o modo como adeptos da umbanda com queixas de adoecimento compreendem os processos de saúde-doença. Participaram 20 adeptos atendidos em dois terreiros localizados em uma cidade de médio porte do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O corpus foi composto por entrevistas semiestruturadas transcritas e organizadas pela análise temática. Destacam-se as ambivalências no processo de compreensão do adoecimento e das trajetórias terapêuticas que permeiam os relatos desses adeptos. Em que pesem as explicações de ordem médica, ligadas ao corpo físico e aos medicamentos, também emergem narrativas espirituais relativas ao mundo interno e à saúde mental. E não obstante as referências ao trabalho das entidades incorporadas, também são resgatadas críticas ao modo como profissionais de saúde se distanciam da religiosidade/espiritualidade - tanto a sua como a do paciente. Apesar dessas ambivalências, os adeptos expressam uma noção integrada de saúde quando buscam atendimento no terreiro, mesclando elementos científicos com expressões religiosas. Esse movimento reafirma a umbanda como um espaço de acolhimento da diversidade, em que diferentes racionalidades podem conviver.
Política educativa, violencia y convivencia escolar. La experiencia en dos escuelas
Authors: Olvera Adriana Carro , Gutiérrez José Alfonso Lima
Published: March 2020

Resumen Ante los resultados poco efectivos que demostró el enfoque correctivo para atender el fenómeno de la violencia, aparecieron propuestas orientadas a la prevención, demostrando que es mejor anticiparse a las conductas antisociales que corregirlas. En ese marco, el tema de la convivencia escolar se ha inscrito como una herramienta de trabajo muy acogida desde la academia y en el plano institucional en México. De esta manera, el objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la política educativa orientada al desarrollo de la convivencia en dos escuelas en contextos diferenciados de nivel primaria del estado de Tlaxcala, México. El método de trabajo comprendió dos etapas: 1) el diagnóstico de la situación de la violencia escolar; y, 2) la identificación de la implementación de la política para la convivencia escolar. Los resultados demuestran situaciones de violencia y estrategias implementadas relativamente contrastantes donde se identifica a los docentes y directivos como los actores vertebrales de la política educativa para la convivencia escolar.
Buscando la salida del laberinto: análisis de la definición de educación para el desarrollo
Authors: Santamaría-Cárdaba Noelia
Published: March 2020

Resumen La Educación para el Desarrollo es una cuestión clave para lograr una transformación social; por este motivo, esta temática está cobrando especial relevancia en los últimos años al impulsar la formación de personas globales y críticas que promuevan un mundo más humano y sostenible. Esta investigación busca establecer una definición de Educación para el Desarrollo, pues es una cuestión de especial interés debido al dinamismo que posee este término y a la inexistencia de una definición ampliamente aceptada. Por medio de la metodología cualitativa y con ayuda del software de análisis cualitativo NVivo 10 se han analizado 55 definiciones recopiladas en estudios publicados de las bases de datos más relevantes del área de las Ciencias Sociales. Los resultados muestran las relaciones existentes entre los conceptos clave del concepto estudiado: educación y desarrollo, pues permiten vislumbrar las relaciones que emergen de cada uno de estos términos; asimismo, en esta exploración cualitativa se aprecian los rasgos más relevantes de todas las definiciones analizadas, lo cual permite construir un acercamiento fundamentado al concepto de Educación para el Desarrollo. En conclusión, la Educación para el Desarrollo es un proceso educativo que tiene como finalidad promover la formación de ciudadanos globales y críticos que traten de transformar el mundo en un lugar más justo y defiendan los Derechos Humanos.
Bazı havuç çeşitlerinin kök-ur nematodu türlerine (Meloidogyne spp. Goeldi, 1982) karşı reaksiyonu
Authors: Evlice Emre , Erdoğuş Fatma Dolunay , Yatkın Gökhan
Published: March 2020

Kök-ur nematodlarının diğer sebzelerde olduğu gibi havuç bitkisinde de önemli verim kayıplarına yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde ticari olarak yaygın şekilde kullanılan üç farklı havuç çeşidinin dört farklı kök-ur nematodu türüne karşı reaksiyon durumları 2018 yılında iklim odasında saksı denemeleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Köklerde oluşan ur ve yumurta paketi sayılarına göre Romance, Chantenay, Nantes çeşitleri Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. javanica, M. incognita ve M. hapla’ya karşı hassas bulunmuştur. Meydana getirdikleri yumurta paketi ve gal sayılarına göre M. chitwoodi ve M. incognita türlerinde, çeşitler arasında fark tespit edilmemiştir (P>0.05). M. javanica türünün 234.4 adet yumurta paketi ve gal ile en fazla Nantes çeşidinde; M. hapla’nın ise 193.6 adet ile en fazla Nantes çeşidinde çoğaldığı belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Çeşitler açısından ise Chantenay çeşidinde türler arasında fark tespit edilmemiş olup (P>0.05), Nantes çeşidinde M. javanica (234.4) ve M. hapla (193.6), Romance çeşidinde ise M. javanica (207.8), M. hapla (176.4) ve M. chitwoodi (141.6) türleri aynı grupta yer almıştır (P<0.05). Çalışma sonucunda Romance, Chantenay ve Nantes havuç çeşitlerinin kök-ur nematodlarına hassas olduğu ve bulaşık alanlarda bu çeşitlerin kullanımında dikkatli olunması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Serological and molecular detection of Leek yellow stripe virus infecting onion (Allium cepa L.) and leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Santosa Adyatma , Ertunç Filiz
Published: March 2020

Onion (Allium cepa L.) has a high economic value in Turkey and it is widely used as main ingredient in Turkish menus. During 2018, 25% of 1.930.695 tons onion production in Turkey was produced in Ankara province. Recently, virus-like symptoms had been observed on onion fields but so far there was no study on onion viral diseases in Ankara province. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) mainly infects leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) but also infects and potentially causes yield reduction on onion. In August 2018, 45 onion samples show typical viral infection symptoms such as leaf stripes, leaf malformation, yellowing, and dwarfing and six leek samples showing severe yellow leaf stripe were collected from fields in Ankara province. 6 onion and 2 leek samples were positive to LYSV infection in DAS-ELISA. Total nucleic acid was then extracted from samples to be used in RT-PCR using a pair of specific primer to amplify a fragment of LYSV CP region. 6 onion and 2 leek samples were also positive in the RT-PCR by forming specific bands of 1020 bp on agarose gel. The remaining samples did not produce any band on agarose gel, thus were evaluated as negative for LYSV infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LYSV Ankara isolates were most similar to isolates from Serbia, Argentina and Germany. This study confirmed LYSV infection in onion and leek for the first time in Ankara province, Turkey.
The ARF-AID system: Methods that preserve endogenous protein levels and facilitate rapidly inducible protein degradation v1
Authors: Mattada Sathyan Kizhakke , G. Scott Thomas , J. Guertin Michael
Published: March 2020

The ARF-AID (Auxin Response Factor-Auxin Inducible Degron) system is a re-engineered auxin-inducible protein degradation system. Inducible degron systems are widely used to specifically and rapidly deplete proteins of interest in cell lines and organisms. An advantage of inducible degradation is that the biological system under study remains intact and functional until perturbation. This feature necessitates that the endogenous levels of the protein are maintained. However, endogenous tagging of genes with AID can result in chronic, auxin-independent proteasome-mediated degradation. The additional expression of the ARF-PB1 domain in the re-engineered ARF-AID system prevents chronic degradation of AID-tagged proteins while preserving rapid degradation of tagged proteins. Here we describe the protocol for engineering human cell lines to implement the ARF-AID system for specific and inducible protein degradation. These methods are adaptable and can be extended from cell lines to organisms.
Emergency Medicine (EM) Protocol for the Alleviation and Initial Treatment of Mild and Serious Symptoms of COVID19 v1
Authors: Di Maio Paola
Published: March 2020

SYSTEMIC RESILIENCE UNIT In the absence of adequate medical care due to shortage of staff and facilities, as the spread of Covid19 virus claims reaches unprecedented spread rate and death toll, medical facilities and staff are not adequate to supply the necessary care to the wider population. Extreme measures are necessary to avoid the loss of life among the elderly and those who do not have access to adequate care facilities and medications. This EM protocol adopts antiviral and anti-inflammatory remedies used in Traditional Medicine worldwide, it is being released for general adoption. A clinical trial based on this protocol initiated. Clinical references are provided. Although the effectiveness of this protocol so far is sporadic and anecdotal, the treatments it contains come with no known serious contraindications, If not successful, it will not be harmful (unless patients have specific allergies or adverse reactions or aggravating conditions to the natural compounds in the treatment). The protocol is intended to serve as interim measure until a vaccine is found or professional medical care is available.
Opentrons COVID-19 testing (24 samples) v2
Authors: Marrone Max
Published: March 2020

Opentrons and the Open Medicine Institute are developing an automated high-throughput COVID-19 testing protocol to submit to the FDA for an Emergency Use Authorization as a diagnostic. The standard assay for this type of infectious disease testing is quantitative PCR (qPCR), and in this case reverse transcriptase qPCR since COVID-19 is an RNA virus. After patient samples are collected in public health facilities, doctors offices, and hospitals, they are sent to the lab for processing, which happens in four steps: Sample Intake RNA Extraction qPCR Setup RT-qPCR Assay Opentrons OT-2 robots carry out most of this work. However, human operators are needed for some key tasks, like: Moving samples between stations Preparing certain reagents Running the qPCR machine Logging data
Image Registration of MALDI IMS to Microscopy v1
Authors: Heath Patterson Nathan , Neumann Elizabeth , Allen Jamie , Gutierrez Danielle , Spraggins Jeff
Published: March 2020

Scope: To process to register MALDI IMS images to different types of microscopy images.
Data Processing and Preparation of MALDI IMS data v1
Authors: Heath Patterson Nathan , Neumann Elizabeth , Allen Jamie , Gutierrez Danielle , Spraggins Jeff
Published: March 2020

Scope: How to process a mass spectrometry imaging data into a final imzML file.
Suicide as situation of extreme stress for immediate surrounding
Authors: Borisonik E.V.
Published: March 2020

Suicide can emotionally affect up to 60 people, who knew a suicider. Suicide survivors are stressed and are at risk of affective disorders. The article analyzes factors that are affecting the level of distress. The article considers the studies demonstrating the effects of stigmatization and self-stigmatization on distress level, and characteristics of the family system affecting distress. Understanding the mechanisms of increasing stress after suicide and suicidal attempts for relatives of a suicide helps identify targets for an effective post-event.
Physical Hypotheses for Adjusting Coarse Profiles and Improving 1D Site-Response Estimation Assessed at 10 KiK-net Sites
Authors: Kaklamanos James , Bradley Brendon A. , Moolacattu Aiswarya N. , Picard Bradley M.
Published: March 2020

One-dimensional (1D) linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site-response models have been shown to be biased toward underprediction at high frequencies in the aggregate, particularly at small-to-medium strains. Because this bias persists among various constitutive models, we hypothesize that breakdowns in the 1D site-response assumptions and/or poorly characterized soil properties are responsible for the consistent underpredictions. We test four physical hypotheses for this persistent bias using 398 ground motions at 10 selected sites in Japan’s Kiban–Kyoshin (KiK-net) database that are adequately modeled by 1D wave propagation. Specifically, we (1) apply a depth-dependent shear-wave velocity (VS) gradient within layers, (2) decrease the small-strain damping ratio by half, (3) increase the small-strain shear modulus by 10%, and (4) randomize the VS profile. We find that the application of a depth-dependent VS gradient and the reduction of the small-strain damping ratio most greatly reduce the high-frequency bias; that the randomized VS profiles sometimes improve predictions at the fundamental site frequency but often lead to greater underpredictions at high frequencies; and that the 10% adjustment of the small-strain shear modulus has a minimal effect. A significant finding of this study is that overly coarse VS profiles, which are inadequately sampled in depth, induce considerable underprediction bias in site-response models at high frequencies. With regard to 1D site-response model improvement, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the coarseness of VS profiles and excessive impedance contrasts, and that profile corrections using depth-dependent VS gradients may be warranted in some cases.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT (83-483 K) RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF CVD GROWN WS2 MONOLAYERS
Authors: OPER Merve , KOSKU PERKGÖZ Nihan
Published: March 2020

For novel materials to be used in practical applications, their temperature dependent behavior and limitations need to be understood thoroughly. For example, the mobility of charge carriers, one of the important performance parameters in transistors, strongly depend on the change in the ambient temperature. Hence, characterization of potential optoelectronic materials at extreme temperatures is critical for future applications. In this study, we report on the changes of Raman scattering spectra as the temperature is changed from 83 K to 483 K for the 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials, namely WS2 monolayers formed by chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD). Our results show that both E′ (E12g) and A1(A1g) modes red shift linearly as the temperature increases. The first order thermal coefficients have been calculated with the Grüneisen model, which suggests that in-plane mode is affected more by the increased temperature than that of out of plane mode. This difference is attributed to the defects in the sample as the flakes are grown by the CVD method. We also investigated the temperature dependence of the second order, 2LA(M) (at 345.7 cm-1) which is one of the most intense peaks in the spectra.
FEMINICIDIO: ¿UN CASO MÁS DE POPULISMO PUNITIVO?
Authors: Pineda Sarmiento Jhair Andres , Borrero Barrera María Carolina
Published: March 2020

El feminicidio, es un tipo penal consagrado en la Ley 1761 de 2015, cuyo propósito es el de sancionar las muertes de mujeres por motivos de género. La promulgación de esta Ley, obedeció a la necesidad de crear mecanismos que protegieran a las mujeres, que estaban siendo asesinadas simplemente por el hecho de pertenecer al género femenino. No obstante, en algunos sectores de la doctrina, nacional e internacional, ven esta figura como un caso más de populismo punitivo, puesto que, manifiestan que no era necesario crear un tipo penal autónomo, ya que existía como agravante del homicidio, dentro de la legislación interna. En vista de ello, el objetivo general de este artículo es explicar por qué el tipo penal del feminicidio no es un caso de populismo punitivo; esto se logrará evidenciando los avances de la legislación penal colombiana en cuanto a la sanción y tratamiento de temas concernientes a la violencia basada en género, asimismo identificar las causas que ocasionan el delito de feminicidio para denotar su importancia dentro de la legislación, para demostrar que no se está frente a otro caso más de populismo punitivo.
LA NATURALEZA JURÍDICA DEL AGUA Y EL SANEAMIENTO BÁSICO COMO DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Forero Orjuela Yohanna Lizeth , Saavedra Ropero Jenny Alejandra , Ruiz Viera Elvis Andrés
Published: March 2020

El presente texto tiene como objetivo general analizar la naturaleza jurídica de los derechos al agua y al saneamiento básico en las normas, guías, doctrina y la jurisprudencia en el derecho doméstico e internacional. Por otra parte, como objetivo específico se pretende (i) profundizar el alcance normativo de los derechos al agua y al saneamiento básico; como (ii) determinar su correlación con el derecho al mínimo vital, los derechos fundamentales y los servicios públicos domiciliarios. La investigación surtirá conclusiones parciales pero contundentes en materia dogmática a través de una evaluación plenamente investigativa y académica.
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Design and the Effect of Specific Magnetic and Electrical Loading Coefficient
Authors: Yetgin Asım Gökhan , Turan Mustafa , Cevher Barış , Çanakoğlu Ali İhsan , Gün Ayhan
Published: March 2020

3-phase induction motors are widely used in
industrial applications such as pumps, blowers, compressors, conveyors, etc. In
addition, single-phase motors also have domestic use.  For this reason, the design of the induction
motor is of great importance. During the design, according to the parameters
given as input, there are many situations that are contradictory to each other
in order to achieve the goal. For example, if high efficiency is required, the
motor size and the price will increase, and if lower price is required, other
performance characteristics should be ignored. In the practical design of an
induction motor, the designer has to comply with a number of constraints
because of the large number of input variables. For this reason manual calculation
becomes a very long and difficult process. To overcome this tiresome process,
it is necessary to create a computer aided program or simulation model to
determine the induction motor design parameters. In induction motor design, many parameters
directly affect motor performance. Therefore, the selection of these parameters
is of great importance. The
C0 coefficient, which
takes place in the first steps of the design process, also has a great
influence on the motor design. In this paper,
a program for optimizing design of 3-phase induction motors written in MATLAB
is presented. The structure of the program is modular and therefore can be
modified for the various requirements of the induction motor design. C0 constant (output
coefficient), one of the design parameters, also varies with some other
parameters. The most important ones are the specific electrical loading
coefficient (A1) and the
specific magnetic loading coefficient (Bav),
making dramatic effect on the output coefficient. The effect of the variation
of the C0 constant on the
performance of the induction motor was investigated in the study. Stator inner
and outer diameter, stack length, stator and rotor slot parameters, equivalent
circuit parameters, losses and efficiency was obtained according to the change
of Bav and A1 values. The obtained
results are given and interpreted in tables and graphs.
Selection of Optimum Mother Wavelet Function for Turkish Phonemes
Authors: Engin Erkan Zeki , Arslan Özkan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we propose the selection of most suitable mother wavelet
function for Turkish phonemes using discrete wavelet transform. The
determination of most similar mother wavelet function to the signal has been a
challenge in speech processing. The optimum mother wavelet function for Turkish
phonemes have been determined by using quantitative measures which are energy
and Shannon entropy, information theoretic measures which are joint entropy,
conditional entropy, mutual information, and relative entropy from wavelet
coefficients of the phonemes. In this study, 101 potential functions were
investigated to determine the most appropriate mother wavelet. Experimental
results show that the most appropriate wavelet functions for /ç/ and /ş/
phonemes which are unvoiced fricatives have been found as Bi-orthogonal 3.9 and
Bi-orthogonal 5.5, respectively. By considering all the results, it is seen
that the Bi-orthogonal 3.1 and Discrete Meyer wavelet functions are the most
suitable mother wavelets for all other phonemes.
Performance Evaluation of Multi-carrier PWM Techniques: PD, POD and APOD
Authors: İnci Mustafa
Published: March 2020

In industrial applications, modulation strategies play a significant
role to provide the effective voltage generation at the outputs of inverter
structures. Also, the modulation strategies are important to generate output
voltages with lower harmonic distortions. For this purpose, there are several
modulation techniques to produce stepped voltage waveforms by reducing
harmonics for high voltage levels. Therefore, this work introduces the
comparative study of multi-carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) methods
used in high power rated inverters. In this regard, phase disposition (PD),
phase opposition disposition (POD) and alternative phase opposition disposition
(APOD) PWM strategies are tested in five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. The
performance consequences are received for different carrier frequencies, and
total harmonic distortions are evaluated for tested methods. The results show
that total harmonic distortion in APOD-PWM controlled inverter is less than
other methods. In addition, total harmonic distortion values are performed for
frequency values, which are from 0.5 kHz to 4 kHz.
Application Development wtih Service Oriented Architecture
Authors: Saraçoğlu Rıdvan , Doğaç Emine
Published: March 2020

Today, it is one of the most invested areas of organizations to ensure
the interoperability of existing corporate applications and newly developed or
purchased applications. Developed systems are designed to be shaped according
to the needs of the businesses that use it. Classical systems are automation
systems that operate from point to point and from other platforms in the
enterprise without interaction. Unlike these, the service-oriented architecture
(SOA) contains a structure that is ready to interact. In this study, a system
has been designed in order to reduce the integration costs between the
applications in the long term by using SOA approach, to shorten the business
processes in the institution and to reduce the economic costs. In the project,
work pieces were published as a method of service over the service layer. Thus,
the platform independent main application is accessible to each work piece. At
the same time, these work pieces can come together and be reconfigured
according to the request of the enterprise. Some of the advantages achieved by
using SOA are: Providing improved work processes for services and actors,
ensuring collaboration, utilizing from existing and reuse with savings,
providing business flexibility by responding to changing business needs.