bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le canal de Suez ou « la perte de l’Égypte » dans les Mémoires de Nubar Pacha
Authors: Sabry Randa
Published: September 2019

Durant la seconde moitié du xix e siècle, Nubar Pacha a joué un rôle crucial dans les Affaires étrangères égyptiennes, notamment lors de la renégociation de la concession accordée par le vice-roi Saïd à Ferdinand de Lesseps. Dans ses Mémoires , c’est sans indulgence qu’il dépeint les divers acteurs impliqués dans la création du canal de Suez et retrace les conséquences désastreuses de ce projet : perte de la souveraineté du pays, corvée imposée aux fellahs, spirale de la dette. Notre analyse de cette vision très critique s’appuie sur deux paramètres qui nous semblent orienter la narration : d’une part, la « logique des faits historiques » qui, concernant l’Égypte au xix e siècle, se résume chez Nubar en un passage de l’indépendance (durant le règne de Muhammad ‘Ali et de Abbas I er ) à la faillite progressive (sous Saïd et Ismaïl Pacha), par la faute du canal. D’autre part l’image magnifiée que se construit Nubar comme instigateur de réformes bénéfiques, dont celle des tribunaux mixtes, œuvre de justice, qu’il présente comme diamétralement opposée au projet néfaste de Lesseps.
Représentations de la résistance dans les villes du canal chez Ghitani et Abnoudi
Authors: Fathy Rania
Published: September 2019

Si c’est surtout l’inauguration du canal de Suez et les prouesses technologiques de Lesseps qui inspirent les écrivains européens, du côté égyptien, en revanche, c’est l’histoire façonnée par les guerres qu’a provoquées le canal qui interpelle une littérature placée sous le signe de l’engagement et de la résistance. Le présent article est centré sur les représentations du canal chez deux écrivains : le romancier Gamal al-Ghitani (1945-2015) et le poète ‘Abd al-Rahmane al-Abnoudi (1938-2015), fortement impliqués dans le parcours militant du pays. Ayant séjourné dans les villes du canal entre 1967 et 1973, ils ont présenté des témoignages sur la vie du canal dans une histoire mouvementée, tout en donnant un exemple du double engagement de l’écrivain, du mariage possible entre agir et écrire.
Suez imaginaire : le canal, le capital et les métaphores coloniales
Authors: El Khachab Walid
Published: September 2019

Une étude critique de l’imaginaire généré par les métaphores associées au canal de Suez dévoile les contradictions et apories des discours du colonialisme et du capitalisme. Quatre champs métaphoriques sont retenus. Premièrement, la féminité (et la sexualisation), qui met en scène un colonialisme « masculin » dominant politiquement un canal « féminin » dans un rapport de genre qui présume l’infériorité du féminin. Deuxièmement, la monumentalité : les dimensions bibliques du chantier redoublent un discours glorifiant la « grandeur » du capital. Troisièmement, la liminalité : le canal envisagé comme la frontière de l’Égypte, séparant l’Afrique et l’Asie, légitime l’internationalisation de la voie maritime et renforce l’emprise du colonialisme sur l’Égypte. Quatrièmement, le canal comme lieu de transmission : dans le discours du capitalisme, le canal est une voie maritime accélérant la circulation globale des marchandises. Il est aussi envisagé comme le vecteur de la modernité technique et des lumières de l’Europe vers l’Orient, assurant ainsi l’hégémonie culturelle de l’Occident.
La baladodiffusion : de la réécoute à la création sonore de podcasts
Authors: Cohen Évelyne
Published: September 2019

Depuis les années 2000, la diffusion de podcasts sur la toile s’est répandue à l’échelle internationale. Le podcast peut être aussi bien une émission sonore ou visuelle que l’on rediffuse sur la toile qu’une création sonore native. Cette diffusion est aussi bien le fait de radios traditionnelles que de web-radios ou encore d’entreprises privées qui diffusent des sortes de catalogues au travers de portails. Ces podcasts encouragent des modes d’écoute en mobilité, attentifs à la qualité du son. Ils privilégient les contenus sonores et leurs perceptions sensibles dans la perspective du développement d’une culture sonore.
« Rire À la baïonnette ! , trembler de peur des baïonnettes »
Authors: Bihl Laurent
Published: September 2019

La Baïonnette peut être considérée comme le titre le plus emblématique de la presse satirique de la Première Guerre mondiale, tant la violence des dessins correspond à une diffusion large, destinée au grand public. Fondé le 23 janvier 1915 par Henri Maigrot, dit « Henriot », le titre exact est, à l’origine, À la Baïonnette ! , et demeure sous cette facture originelle durant 23 numéros. Ce journal incarne également les débuts de la mise en scène graphique par la presse satirique, comme si les divisions nationales inscrites dans les divergences nationales devaient disparaître d’un seul coup dans une sorte de synthèse iconique. La tendance s’intensifie lors de la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque la mobilisation patriotique, physique et symbolique, se tourne vers la capitale à la fois point de convergence des recrues, et cible principale de l’ennemi déferlant.
Fixed‐Effect Regressions on Network Data
Authors: Jochmans Koen , Weidner Martin
Published: September 2019

This paper considers inference on fixed effects in a linear regression model estimated from network data. An important special case of our setup is the two‐way regression model. This is a workhorse technique in the analysis of matched data sets, such as employer–employee or student–teacher panel data. We formalize how the structure of the network affects the accuracy with which the fixed effects can be estimated. This allows us to derive sufficient conditions on the network for consistent estimation and asymptotically valid inference to be possible. Estimation of moments is also considered. We allow for general networks and our setup covers both the dense and the sparse case. We provide numerical results for the estimation of teacher value‐added models and regressions with occupational dummies.
Market Selection With Differential Financial Constraints
Authors: Guerdjikova Ani , Quiggin John
Published: September 2019

We analyze financial markets in which agents face differential constraints on the set of assets in which they can trade. In particular, the assets available to each agent span a partition of the state space that can be strictly coarser than the partition spanned by the assets available in the market. We first show that the existence of differential constraints has an impact on prices and allocations as compared to a complete financial market with unconstrained agents.

We consider the implications for survival, taking the work of Blume and Easley (2006) as a starting point. We show that whenever agents have identical correct beliefs and equal discount factors, and their partitions are nested, all agents survive. When agents have heterogeneous beliefs, differential constraints may allow agents with wrong beliefs to survive. Provided constraints are relevant (in a sense we define more precisely), the condition for an agent to survive is that his survival index is at least as large as that of the agents with finer partitions. We also study the impact of deregulation (an increase in the set of assets available to some agents). Unless the agent can adopt beliefs that are closer to the truth on the newly refined partition than those of less constrained agents, increasing his opportunities for trade might harm his chances for survival.
Training Partners for the Long Haul
Authors: Harris Kymberly , Sparkman Dana D. , Doran Cheryl L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter seeks to provide the background, benefits, and design of writing groups created to aid doctoral candidates in the completion of the dissertation process. Literature will be used to support the rationale for such groups and will outline the structure that can be used to create and support doctoral students in peer groups by their dissertation chair or facilitator. In this chapter, specific guidelines for the creation of the groups and the role of the chair are outlined, and suggestions for remedying dysfunctional groups or group members. While ultimately the doctoral candidate is responsible for the successful completion and defense of his or her own research, peer groups can be instrumental in promoting task completion and task satisfaction.
The 10 “C”s Towards Authentically Supporting Doctoral Students
Authors: Crawford Caroline M.
Published: September 2019

Doctoral candidates progressing through their dissertation capstone requires not only research and scholarly support, but also engagement towards supporting the doctoral candidate's metamorphosis from a student to a member of the academy, from an agentic social cognitive transformation, from a product developed through the coursework experiences towards a triumphant specialist displaying command over the knowledge base through the display of the dissertation attainment success. The support structure delineated within this discussion reflects the following 10 “C”s: corroborating clarity, championing communication,; championing self-regulation, completing calendar timetables, categorizing priorities, continuous motivation, carrying cognitive load concerns, conquering frustration, cognitive vulnerability, and correcting plagiaristic tendencies.
Community-Led Ecosystem
Authors: Bobrowicz-Campos Elzbieta , Couto Filipa Costa , Teixeira-Santos Luísa , Apóstolo João
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the triangulation analysis of connections between older adults, relevant stakeholders, and community will be made in order to acknowledge the challenges resulting from demographic changes, identify the gaps in current health and social policy in the field of geriatric care, and outline the pathways for joint actions to achieve successful aging. This analysis will also consider health and health equity drivers, highlighting the relevance of the community-led ecosystem in the spreading and scaling up of the person-centered and integrated healthcare model. By focusing on frailty and frailty-related consequences, this chapter will reflect on the need for implementing joint actions that promote health throughout the lifecycle and that empower citizens for informed decision making. It will also discuss the role of modern societies in creating innovative solutions for successful aging.
Informal Cares and Caregivers in Rural Elderly
Authors: Perales Nuria María García , Jiménez Borja Rivero , Caballero David Conde , González Beatriz Muñoz , Juarez Lorenzo Mariano
Published: September 2019

The aging population means that health systems rely on informal carers to meet the physical, psychological, and emotional needs of older people. In this context, it is particularly important to know the perceived quality of life of informal carers. Health studies highlight the close relationship between care work and the carer's objective health. Through a qualitative ethnographic methodology, by means of open interviews with carers from rural areas of Extremadura (Spain), this study deepens the knowledge of the emotional costs to which the figure of the informal carer is subjected. The authors approach the social-emotional dimension in places where it is not always possible for public health policies to be fully developed. In this situation, moreover, some moral characteristics of these environments take on special importance.
Understanding Consumers' Continuance Intention and Word of Mouth in Mobile Commerce Based on Extended UTAUT Model
Authors: Marinković Veljko , Kalinić Zoran
Published: September 2019

Although until recently considered a novelty, mobile commerce (m-commerce) is nowadays one of the most popular mobile services, becoming mainstream in digital commerce. The objective of this study is to determine the predictors of consumers' continuance intention in m-commerce. In addition, it is well known that word of mouth communication is a very effective marketing technique, particularly for new products and services. Therefore, the study also models and examines the determinants of consumers' willingness to recommend m-commerce as a valuable service to their relatives, friends, and peers. The research model is based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, extended with additional variables like perceived trust and individual mobility. The results show that the main antecedent of continuance intentions towards m-commerce is social influence, while continuance intention was found as the most important predictor of word-of-mouth.
Assessing the Antecedents of User Intention to Use Mobile Payment Services in the Context of Emerging Markets
Authors: Singh Sonali , Casado-Aranda Luis-Alberto , Ramos de Luna Iviane
Published: September 2019

There is a growing interest in mobile payment services and its study is gaining popularity around the world. After reviewing literature related to mobile payment services, the current study proposes a conceptual model aiming to identify the main antecedents of user behavioral intention to use mobile payment services in an emerging market such as India. The authors collected data in the Delhi/NCR (national capital region) by means of an online survey technique. A structural equation modeling approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results explain the importance of perceived usefulness, perceived attitude, and personal innovation of users in the use of mobile payment services. Perceived risk is found also relevant and negatively influences user intention to use. The findings of the study provide a background to preceding studies and encourage online businesses to combine this technology-based payment service.
Improving an App for Visually Impaired Travelers
Authors: Molinillo Sebastian , Liébana-Cabanillas Francisco J. , Gómez-Carmona Diego , Ruiz-Montañez Miguel
Published: September 2019

Some public transportation companies have begun to develop mobile applications that facilitate the accessibility to their services for people with visual impairments. Nevertheless, despite their importance, up until now, very few studies have analyzed the particular characteristics and needs of this segment of the population in order to adapt the design of and services provided by this type of application. The objective of this study is to understand how users interact with this technology. This research is based on an analysis of the application developed by the Malagueña Transportation Company (EMT). Given its exploratory nature, a qualitative methodology was used based on focus groups with the participation of experts and users. The results allow the authors to learn about users' opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards these applications, and to help guide strategies to improve their design and performance.
The Role of Blockchain Technology to Make Business Easier and Effective
Authors: Koolwal Vartika , Kumar Sunil , Mohbey Krishna Kumar
Published: September 2019

Blockchain is the new “buzz” word that has attracted the attention of industries and businesses. It is an innovative technology that provides information exchange in an efficient and transparent manner. It has a wide range of application varying from cryptocurrency, healthcare, risk management, education, financial services, internet of things (IoT), border security to public services. However, security issues and threats of this novel technology is also an important topic. In this chapter, the authors provide a comprehensive study of applications, challenges, and issues and how to combat them in the blockchain. Major areas of concern are security, scalability, cryptocurrency's malicious attacks, etc.
Towards the Integration of Blockchain and IoT for Security Challenges in IoT
Authors: Kumar K. Dinesh , Venkata Rathnam T.  , Venkata Ramana R.  , Sudhakara M. , Poluru Ravi Kumar
Published: September 2019

Internet of things (IoT) technology plays a vital role in the current technologies because IoT develops a network by integrating different kinds of objects and sensors to create the communication among objects directly without human interaction. With the presence of internet of things technology in our daily comes smart thinking and various advantages. At the same time, secure systems have been a most important concern for the protection of information systems and networks. However, adopting traditional security management systems in the internet of things leads several issues due to the limited privacy and policies like privacy standards, protocol stacks, and authentication rules. Usually, IoT devices has limited network capacities, storage, and computing processors. So they are having more chances to attacks. Data security, privacy, and reliability are three main challenges in the IoT security domain. To address the solutions for the above issues, IoT technology has to provide advanced privacy and policies in this large incoming data source. Blockchain is one of the trending technologies in the privacy management to provide the security. So this chapter is focused on the blockchain technologies which can be able to solve several IoT security issues. This review mainly focused on the state-of-the-art IoT security issues and vulnerabilities by existing review works in the IoT security domains. The taxonomy is presented about security issues in the view of communication, architecture, and applications. Also presented are the challenges of IoT security management systems. The main aim of this chapter is to describe the importance of blockchain technology in IoT security systems. Finally, it highlights the future directions of blockchain technology roles in IoT systems, which can be helpful for further improvements.
A Framework on Enterprise-Grade Smart Contract Using Blockchain
Authors: Krithika L. B.  , Mazumdar Abhisek , Kaluri Rajesh , Wang Jing
Published: September 2019

Blockchain technology is very trending and promising. It can revolutionize the traditional way of manipulation of data in many industries. There are industries which blockchain can disrupt: banking, cyber security, smart contract, insurance, cloud storage, government, healthcare, media streaming. The decentralized approach of blockchain using peer-to-peer system to verify the correct record of the ledger, which builds a trust in the system. A system can be compiled and made to get adopted with the concept of smart contract. The aim of the work is to develop a system that is flexible enough to get implemented in the industries like finance, cyber security, data storage, buying and selling of properties, healthcare, etc. This will use a one-way encryption method known as SHA-256. A block with the 256-character code bind with the other metadata of the block will be termed as a smart contract for the item.
Decentralizing Privacy Using Blockchain to Protect Private Data and Challanges With IPFS
Authors: Manoj M. K. , Krishnan Somayaji Siva Rama
Published: September 2019

Blockchain technology is a distributed framework for sharing data that is validated through cryptographic functions. The nodes of the network come to a consensus regarding addition of data to the blockchain. Every blockchain operation requires a processing fee. This fee makes storing of large data on the blockchain infeasible. An indirect alternative for this challenge could be use of IPFS, which is a decentralized peer-peer network that facilitates storage of file. This is accomplished by storing the hash of the IPFS as data on the blockchain.
Steamsational Writing
Authors: Green Marybeth , McNair C. Lisa
Published: September 2019

Providing young children with rich environments for writing has been a continuing quest for teachers in the early grades. This chapter investigates the use of Bee-bot robots as a means of creating a stimulating environment that engages second graders in the writing process and learning story grammar elements. Researchers met with the students weekly for an hour over six weeks. In the first week, students wrote an initial story and learned the basics of programming a Bee-bot robot. In subsequent weeks, students listened to a story set in the context of the Bee-bot mat, reviewed vocabulary words, planned a path for their robot, wrote a short story, and executed their robot program. There was a significant difference overall between the baseline story and the final story, and between the initial rating of each of the story grammar elements and the final rating of the elements, with the exception of Character.
Using Technology to Build Interactions Within and Beyond the Literacy Classroom
Authors: McGee Kristine E. , Welsch Jodi G.
Published: September 2019

Becoming an educator today, specifically one who teaches literacy, requires more than a strong understanding of pedagogy and best practices. Today's educators must be equipped to survive, as well as thrive, in a 21st-century literacy classroom. New programs, websites, apps, etc. are being introduced daily, therefore, our pre-service teachers need support in order to utilize tools effectively. By providing experiences with a variety of tools, novice teachers can employ existing pedagogical frameworks for technology integration with literacy instructional tools. This study identifies how pre-service teachers perceive their skills and pedagogical decision-making for the integration of technology tools within their literacy instruction.
Using Digital Tools for Studying About and Addressing Climate Change
Authors: Beach Richard W. , Smith Blaine E.
Published: September 2019

Grounded in research-based examples, this chapter provides a resource for students, teachers, and researchers to critically engage with issues of climate change through leveraging the affordances of digital tools. In particular, the authors discuss the affordances and challenges of students using digital tools to address climate change. They also review research in this field, including studies on visualizations, analyzing information, social media, digital videos, digital role-play, video games, and virtual and augmented reality. The chapter describes how digital tools offer meaning-making possibilities for students to propose solutions to climate change through engaging multimodal narratives, as well as share their voices through digital activism. Considering that global climate change is perhaps the most serious problem human beings have ever faced, this chapter offers implications for curriculum and instruction to aid educators with designing digital projects for students to understand climate change and find ways to take a stand.
Game Design as Literacy-First Activity
Authors: Canady Fawn , Nagelhout Ed
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores pedagogical goals and classroom practices for literacy instruction with/in a digital learning environment that extends beyond the classroom. To do this, the authors developed a process for literate practices illustrated through game design. Game design is one example of a disciplinary activity that masks the complexity of writing yet provides teachers with opportunities to make visible the writing practices and genres inherent in all disciplines. Game developers are writers and game development is a ‘literacy-first' activity, a process that underscores the complex and considered choices authors or designers make in specific rhetorical contexts. Pedagogical goals and classroom practices at all levels of literacy education must encourage greater collaboration, privilege informal and situated learning, and promote decision-making, student self-monitoring, and lifelong learning. The chapter concludes by describing a project framework that can be adapted at all educational levels using game design as a model.
Online Student Discussions for Social Construction of Knowledge and Dialogue
Authors: Allred Johnny B.
Published: September 2019

Digital tools and practices are becoming more integral to what happens in classrooms at all levels, so it is helpful to examine how teachers and students are utilizing technology during literacy practices. This chapter presents a review of research regarding instructional practices and classroom environments that cultivate purposeful use of technology for literacy development. Specifically, this chapter investigates aspects of online conversations that promote social construction of knowledge, reflective dialogue, and increased reading comprehension; it also provides insights for educators who seek to enhance or transform the structure of their students' online conversations about assigned readings. This review of research is guided by the following research questions: (a) What are the general affordances of online discussions? (b) What types of comments are students making in such discussions? and (c) What are the observed effects of online discussions on reading comprehension?
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Solution of Civil Engineering Problems
Authors: Yucel Melda , Nigdeli Sinan Melih , Bekdaş Gebrail
Published: September 2019

This chapter reveals the advantages of artificial neural networks (ANNs) by means of prediction success and effects on solutions for various problems. With this aim, initially, multilayer ANNs and their structural properties are explained. Then, feed-forward ANNs and a type of training algorithm called back-propagation, which was benefited for these type networks, are presented. Different structural design problems from civil engineering are optimized, and handled intended for obtaining prediction results thanks to usage of ANNs.
Type-One and Interval Type-Two Fuzzy Logic for Quantitatively Defining Imprecise Linguistic Terms in Politics and Public Policy
Authors: Solo Ashu M. G.
Published: September 2019

During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Sen. John McCain and then-Sen. Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Similarly, middle class and poor are fuzzy sets. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining rich. Similarly, fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer queries about quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms in politics and public policy like middle class, poor, low inflation, medium inflation, and high inflation. Type-one or interval type-two fuzzy logic can be used for quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms. This chapter shows how to use type-one fuzzy logic and interval type-two fuzzy logic for this purpose, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Imprecise terms in natural languages should be considered to have qualitative definitions, quantitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, fuzzy quantitative definitions, type-one fuzzy quantitative definitions, and interval type-two fuzzy quantitative definitions.
#M5S (Five Star Movement) and the National Political Campaign
Authors: Micalizzi Alessandra , Nieli Alessandra
Published: September 2019

In 2009, a new political movement was born in Italy. It is called “Five Star Movement” (M5S) and it was positioned as a new voice of Italian people: alternative, populist, against élites, and against the traditional “way of doing” politic in the First and Second Republic Age. The power of this new political subject is linked with the use of social media platforms to communicate and share information, opinions, and positions with its “base” in a participative democracy perspective. In the last national political campaign, the M5S obtained 32% of the votes with a peak in the South of Italy. The chapter aims at presenting the main results of an empirical research focused on Sicilian voters of the East coast, in order to verify if and how digital communication helped in obtaining this success. Data show evidence about the relevance recognized to social media as first direct sources for collecting political information. The respondents express a large consent for traditional media that maintain in the public opinion a strong reputation in construction and share the public-sphere.
Intermediality and Critical Engagement in Nigerian Twitter Memes
Authors: Durotoye Timilehin
Published: September 2019

The ingenious deployment of the digital media by online users in Nigeria offers opportunities in this chapter to monitor the trajectories of netizens' engagement with public dialogues on Nigerian Twitter. By exploring the dimensions of intermedial exchanges (i.e., intermediality), this study will analyzes how digital users explore innovative digital media tools such as Twitter memes in reinstating their views on critical discourses in the Nigerian polity. The author adopts a mixed methods design, which includes quantitative content analysis, discourse and semiotics analyses. Two prominent Nigerian Twitter accounts—@KraksTV and @I_pissVodka—are purposively selected for this chapter, and the author will evaluate memes posted between April 2018 and May 2018 by paying close attention to the themes and issues propagated. The author concludes that intermediality promotes a dynamism of opinion characterized by technological innovation, in which Twitter meme is categorized, enabling the expression of political agency and furtherance of critical engagement.
Context, Frame, Opportunity, and Resource
Authors: Neto Pedro Pereira , Santos Mariana Serra
Published: September 2019

Social media have become an important tool in our interactions and networks. Studies around social movements focused on these platforms' potential for becoming a new public sphere given their nature and features. However, an address of their influence on social engagement can't overshadow they're used by social actors themselves as part of a greater social frame. In this light, a qualitative characterization of Facebook's role on Portuguese anti austerity social movements “Geracao a Rasca” and “Que se lixe a troika!” is presented through discourse analysis of the testimony of several of their founding members. While it may be unquestionable Facebook had an important role in these movements, it wasn't the only tool used or the most relevant: face-to-face and direct mobile phone interaction were essential tools for this end, along with traditional media whose gaze the movements capitalized on for reach. Thus, the question in this chapter is whether these technologies represent a new way for us to communicate, or constitute an additional forum for that end?
Estimating the CAPM Beta for Public and Private Firms
Authors: Sanchez-Barrios Luis Javier , Lukanima Benedicto Kulwizira , Hernandez-Vargas Natalia , Almanza Herazo Luis Ricardo
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents solutions to some challenges when calculating CAPM Beta. Three methods for calculating traditional beta are presented and illustrated through the case of Facebook. Different choices of market index, data frequency, and sample size result in different values of beta; however, in all cases beta was greater than one. The chapter explores ordinal beta as an alternative measure to treat outliers in both developed and thin markets. Using a sample of 84 US stocks, there was no statistical difference between median traditional and ordinal betas. This was not the case for a sample of 47 Colombian stocks, which questions the usefulness of traditional beta in thin markets. In contrast with median traditional beta, median ordinal beta did not change significantly as a result of irregular data series. The contrary occurred when the observation (sampling) period was reduced; this leaves open the question of subjectivity when defining such period. Finally, the process of valuing a private company was illustrated through the case of Palmoil Ltd., a Colombian company.
Startup Valuation
Authors: Akkaya Murat
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyzes startups and methods for valuing them. Startup means a process for activating a job or action. Startup as a young innovative company has a dominant and key role in modern economies. Startups are newborn or young companies struggling to achieve their potential and growth. One of the most challenging issues in corporate finance is to decide on firm valuation. It is even more difficult to evaluate companies that do not generate income. Deciding the value of a Startup is similar to valuing a specific table. The valuation at this stage is very important. Since startup is a company, it is necessary to look at the methods developed specifically for Startups. Nasser (2016) determines 9 different valuation methods to determine Pre-Money Valuation; Berkus Method, Risk Factor Summation Method, Scorecard Valuation Method, Comparable Transactions Method, Book Value Method, Liquidation Value Method, Discounted Cash Flow Method, First Chicago Method, and Venture Capital Method. Traditional valuation methods are also applicable in valuation.
Challenges of Stock Prediction
Authors: Mohammed Walid A.
Published: September 2019

The challenge of the stock price forecast is the most crucial component for companies and equity traders to predict future revenues. A successful and accurate prediction to the future stock prices ultimately results in profit maximisation. This chapter proposes the use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the artificial neural networks (ANNs) models to predict the future prices of the stock. Using Walmart's stock index, the results show that both ARIMA and the ANNs models provide accurate forecasting performance. However, for short-term forecasting, the performance of ANNs outperformed ARIMA models.
Consumer-Retailer Identification Enhancing Consumer Well-Being
Authors: Maggioni Isabella
Published: September 2019

Consumer-Retailer Identification (CRI) is a powerful tool for retailers to develop meaningful relationships and strengthen the emotional bond with their customers. Besides showing positive attitudes towards brands that reflect their self-concept, consumers prefer to engage with retailers that are more likely to express and enhance their identity. This alignment between a retailer's image and one's identity has been shown to positively affect consumers' sense of well-being and their overall quality of life. This chapter proposes a framework based on a review of past research on the role of consumer's self-concept in the promotion of consumer well-being in retail settings. Focusing on CRI, the chapter offers directions for future research while discussing emerging trends.
Satisfying Customers Through Premium Private Labels
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , Vergura Donata Tania
Published: September 2019

Private labels (PLs) are continuously increasing their presence and evolving their role in the grocery retailing business. It is especially the premium tier, the so-called Premium Private Label (PPL), that shows the most interesting market share increase and prospect of growth. In this context, the chapter explores the role of PPLs in generating customer loyalty to the retailer. Specifically, a theoretical model in which the drivers of customer satisfaction to the PPL - namely: perceived PPL quality, assortment, access, and value - are engendering customer loyalty to the PPL and, through its mediating role, generating customer loyalty to the retailer is proposed and tested. The empirical research builds on a survey with a sample of 299 retail consumers. A structural equation model was performed to analyze the data. Results show that PPLs positively impact customer loyalty to the retailer through a causal relationship driven by PPL perceived quality and PPL value.
Sensorial and Experiential Marketing in Shopping Centers
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Mónica , Yagüe María Jesús , Schmitz Anne , García-Gumiel Cristina
Published: September 2019

This chapter states the importance of sensory and experiential strategies for the retail companies, their degree of implementation, and their effect on retail companies' performance. An interdisciplinary review of related studies links sensorial or experiential stimuli with consumer behavior. An empirical analysis answers the following: What degree of knowledge do retail managers have about experiential marketing? What actions and tools are used more frequently? Are their effects measured? What impact do they have on business performance? Survey data collected from 171 managers of Spanish shopping centers show the degree of knowledge of the concepts of sensory and experiential marketing is high, but there are differences in the actions implemented by type of company. Decision makers greatly consider investment in experiential marketing is profitable and effective.
The Urban Forest and Shopping Environments
Authors: Wolf Kathleen L.
Published: September 2019

Many cities and communities are working toward urban sustainability goals, and the urban forest is one strategy to achieve environmental and social co-benefits. Yet retailers and merchants may not find environmental benefits to be compelling when compared to the direct costs of landscape and trees. Nonetheless, a quality outdoor environment can extend store appeal to the curb and boost positive experiences of visitors while in a shopping district. This chapter presents information about the atmospherics of green retail environments. A multi-study program of research shows that having a quality urban forest canopy within business districts and commercial areas can promote positive shopper perceptions and behavior. Positive responses have included store image, patronage behavior, and willingness to pay more for goods and services. This chapter provides a summary of the research, connects results to various psychological marketing theories, provides evidence-based design recommendations, and suggests future research activity.
Engaging Retail Customers Through Service and Systems Marketing
Authors: Barile Sergio , Saviano Marialuisa
Published: September 2019

This chapter highlights the need for and the directions of a rethinking of the approach to Retail Marketing to overcome the limitations of a view that can fail in effectively engaging customers in the relationship with retailers, as they are still excessively focused on the ‘structural' elements of the service offering. Many physical stores, in particular, show what can be called the ‘paradox' of a Goods-Dominant Logic in the service offering. Among the advancements of service research, Service-Dominant Logic has highlighted the need to take a general service view of market exchange to better engage customers in a value co-creation relational context. To accomplish such a paradigmatic change, systems thinking and the Viable Systems Approach (VSA) provide interpretation tools useful to shift focus on interaction. Essentially, this chapter illustrates the conceptual and practical advantages of the adoption of a Service & Systems Approach to Retail Marketing, providing examples and insights with reference to the case of Community Pharmacy.
3Rs of Sustainability Values for Retailing Customers as Factors of Influence on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Palmeira Mirian , Musso Fabio
Published: September 2019

The aim of this chapter is to identify the impact of different 3Rs of sustainability approaches on consumer behavior and people's values. Some results, through multi-method study, with ethnography and quantitative research, show that people's priority is on “recycling,” performing few activities of “reduce,” and lesser actions of “re-use.” The focus is on reducing packaging and the use of lower levels of inputs (as energy and water), and to reduce the carbon foot print, mainly using public and/or alternative transport. People are concerned about sustainability; however, they present a low level of activities related to major societal concepts on behalf of the environment. The 3Rs of sustainability have changed from Reduce-Reuse-Recycle to Recycle-Reuse-Reduce. However, this new order does not cause such impact on consumer behavior and in people's values.
Using Integrated Corporate Responsibility to Enhance Consumers' Perceptions
Authors: Candelo Elena , Casalegno Cecilia , Civera Chiara
Published: September 2019

The chapter aims at synthetizing past research on CSR into the new meaning of CR by investigating if CR is being pursued through an integrated approach with branding by the six major banking corporates in Italy and the UK. In particular, differences and similarities in the extent of implementation are addressed. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on case study development and data analysis according to a CR framework that allowed data extrapolation and systematization, which the authors have designed in accordance with theories of integrated CR. The findings reveal that the extent of integration between CR and branding varies depending on cultural contexts and consumers' perceptions. Most of the sample is undertaking CR policies and programmes with the intent of driving the whole company towards the execution of an integrated strategy, but the UK sample shows the higher extent of integration. The study favours the emerging of best practices for CR integration among banking players and can be adapted to further geographical areas.
Cutting Edge
Authors: Hussain Abid
Published: September 2019

Libraries and librarians are constructing a better world by experimenting with the latest technology for their patrons. As technologies evolve from time to time, new tools have been discovered to provide optimal services in minimal time. In developed countries like USA, UK, and Germany, the libraries are adopting new technologies for learning, research, and information to give the patron the best possible services. Librarians are struggling more to implement these cutting-edge technologies for learning, research, and information for their users.
Intercultural Awareness and Short-Term Study Abroad Programs
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: September 2019

One of the desired and anticipated outcomes of study abroad is that participants, who are exposed to difference, will develop a deeper appreciation of intercultural awareness. For students about to graduate and function in an increasingly globalized world, intercultural awareness is a fundamental requirement and a valued asset. Although greater intercultural awareness is associated with longer study abroad experiences, the historical and current reality is that students predominantly chose shorter stays. To optimize intercultural awareness gains for students and their faculty, and to provide greater benefits for the internationalization of their colleges and universities, it is suggested that short-term study abroad programs focus on the inherent liminality of the experience. This chapter explores liminality and the opportunities and challenges associated with the liminally-centered study abroad program.
Multilayer Neural Network Technique for Parsing the Natural Language Sentences
Authors: Singh Manu Pratap , Chaturvedi Sukrati , Shudhalwar Deepak D.
Published: September 2019

In this article is presented an approach for parsing natural language sentences using neural networks. The pre-processing technique is applied to code the sentences into string of bits and after the training process is started, is formed into patterns available in the form of coded information. The multilayer feed forward networks are used here for training to classify the words into appropriate syntactical categories. The classified words represent the parsed information of the given sentences. The main function of the network is to assign the respective syntactical categories to each word of a sentence with a minimal error rate. The comparison between the two popular neural network approaches i.e. feed forward neural network and radial basis neural network is presented to analyze performance for the new and unknown sentences.
The Effect of Wellness Programs on Long-Term Contract Employees' Workplace Stress, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism
Authors: Valentine Desree S. , Ferebee Susan , Heitner Keri L.
Published: September 2019

The quasi-experimental study reported in the present article is aimed at increasing the understanding of the effects of long-term contract employees participating in wellness programs. The reported study examines the effect (if any) that a wellness program has on workplace stress, absenteeism, and presenteeism for long-term contract employees participating in a wellness program. A one group pretest-posttest design was used. Convenience sampling was conducted in a hospital in the New York City Metro area. Data was collected from 19 participants. Paired sample t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine if there was a significant statistical difference before and after a dance aerobic exercise intervention. The instruments used to gather data were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the World Health Organization Health Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). The results indicated a statistical difference for workplace stress, but no statistical difference for absenteeism and presenteeism.
Performance Comparison of Two Recent Heuristics for Green Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Soysal Mehmet , Çimen Mustafa , Ömürgönülşen Mine , Belbağ Sedat
Published: September 2019

This article concerns a green Time Dependent Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (TDCVRP) which is confronted in urban distribution planning. The problem is formulated as a Markovian Decision Process and a dynamic programming (DP) approach has been used for solving the problem. The article presents a performance comparison of two recent heuristics for the green TDCVRP that explicitly accounts for time dependent vehicle speeds and fuel consumption (emissions). These heuristics are the classical Restricted Dynamic Programming (RDP) algorithm, and the Simulation Based RDP that consists of weighted random sampling, RDP heuristic and simulation. The numerical experiments show that the Simulation Based Restricted Dynamic Programming heuristic can provide promising results within relatively short computational times compared to the classical Restricted Dynamic Programming for the green TDCVRP.
eResearch
Authors: Thiele Jan C.
Published: September 2019

Joint research projects in ecology typically aim to integrate scientific knowledge from various disciplines. This raises the request for collaboration technologies. As ecological research is data-intensive, it requires the management and exchange of large datasets, often with spatial reference. The demand for collaboration, data, and information management tools in science is addressed by the creation of digital service infrastructures, so-called eResearch Infrastructures, which are collections of typically web-based software systems. Here, an example eResearch infrastructure implemented for a joint research project is presented. It is described by the user stories, the derived functional requirements, and their implementation in software systems. This infrastructure followed an open-source paradigm with only two exceptions. Based on the lessons learned, recommendations for the future development of eResearch infrastructures and their embedment in an organizational, project, and scientific framework are derived.
Image Tampering Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Singhania Shruti , Arju N.A  , Singh Raina
Published: September 2019

Pictures are considered the most reliable form of media in journalism, research work, investigations, and intelligence reporting. With the rapid growth of ever-advancing technology and free applications on smartphones, sharing and transferring images is widely spread, which requires authentication and reliability. Copy-move forgery is considered a common image tampering type, where a part of the image is superimposed with another image. Such a tampering process occurs without leaving any obvious visual traces. In this study, an image tampering detection method was proposed by exploiting a convolutional neural network (CNN) for extracting the discriminative features from images and detects whether an image has been forged or not. The results established that the optimal number of epochs is 50 epochs using AlexNet-based CNN for classification-based tampering detection, with a 91% accuracy.