bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lens cloudiness during endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures: Effects of a novel lens cleaner
Authors: Fujii Takashi , Watanabe Sho , Uga Misugi , Matsui Yuuki , Sakaki Kazuomi , Matsukawa Naoki , Machida Tomoyo , Kurihara Masamichi , Tashiro Yoshihiro , Okamoto Eiko , Yauchi Tsunehito , Suzuki Shinji , Koyama Shigeru
Published: July 2024

Objectives

We aimed to identify independent factors for intraoperative endoscopic lens cloudiness during gastric and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissections, investigate the effectiveness of Cleastay, an endoscope anti‐fog solution, and examine factors associated with severe submucosal fat deposition.

Methods

A total of 220 patients who underwent gastric or colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissections in two institutions between January 2022 and October 2023 were included. Significant factors related to cloudiness were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Patient background and tumor characteristics related to severe submucosal fat deposition were investigated, and the degree of intraoperative endoscopic lens cloudiness and outcomes were compared between the Cleash and Cleastay groups.

Results

In the multivariate analysis, factors increasing lens cloudiness included long procedure time (odds ratio [OR], 17.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–202.08), stomach (vs. colon; OR, 5.08; 95% CI, 1.99–12.96), and severe submucosal fat deposition (OR, 12.19; 95% CI, 5.02–29.60). Conversely, the use of Cleastay (vs. Cleash; OR, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.021–0.21) was identified as a factor reducing cloudiness. Location analysis revealed that severe submucosal fat deposition was more common in the upper stomach and right colon.

Conclusions

It was suggested that Cleastay is more useful for endoscopic submucosal dissection of the upper stomach and right colon, where severe submucosal fat deposition is expected.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction and left heart filling pressures in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wolsk Emil , Jürgens Mikkel , Schou Morten , Ersbøll Mads , Hasbak Philip , Kjaer Andreas , Zerahn Bo , Høgh Brandt Niels , Haulund Gæde Peter , Rossing Peter , Faber Jens , Kistorp Caroline Michaela , Gustafsson Finn
Published: July 2024

Aims

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which in turn leads to an increased risk of hospitalization and death. However, the factors of risk and their relative importance in leading to higher left ventricular filling pressures are still disputed. We sought to clarify the associations of a wide range of invasive and non‐invasive risk factors with cardiac filling pressures in high‐risk T2D patients.

Methods and results

Patients with T2D at high risk of cardiovascular events were prospectively enrolled in this study. Participants were thoroughly phenotyped including right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise, echocardiography, urinary excretion of albumin (UACR), and quantification of their myocardial blood flow rate (MFR) using cardiac 82Rb‐PET/CT. Of the 37 patients included in the study, 22 (59%) patients met invasive criteria for HFpEF. Only 2 out of 39 variables emerged as independent factors associated with left ventricular filling pressure as assessed by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) at rest; history of hypertension (coefficient: 2.6 mmHg [0.3; 5.0], P = 0.030) and MFR (P = 0.026). We found a significant inverse association between MFR and PCWP with a coefficient of −2.3 mmHg (−4.3; −0.3) in PCWP per integer change of MFR. The MFR ranged from 1.18 to 3.68 in our study, which corresponds to a difference in PCWP of approximately 6 mmHg between patients with the lowest compared to the highest MFR. During exercise, only 2 variables emerged as borderline independent factors associated with PCWP: myocardial flow reserve (coefficient: −4.4 [−9.6; 0.8], P = 0.091) and beta‐blockers use (coefficient: 6.1 [−0.1; 12.4], P = 0.053).

Conclusions

In patients with type 2 diabetes without known HFpEF but risk factors for cardiovascular disease, myocardial blood flow rate was independently associated with PCWP at rest across the range from normal to abnormal left heart filling pressures. A clinically significant difference of 6 mmHg in PWCP was attributable to differences in MFR in patients with the lowest compared with the highest MFR values. This suggests that strategies than attenuate microvascular dysfunction could slow progression of increased left ventricular left heart filling pressures in patients at increased risk.
Structures and NMR Solution Dynamics of Diorganotin Complexes with Bulky Quadridentate Salen‐ and Salphen‐Type Schiff Bases (N2O2) Incorporating Diazenylpyridyl Side Arms
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Brahma Swmkwr , Rao Addepalli Maheswara , Duthie Andrew , Mahmoud Abdallah G. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Parkin Sean
Published: July 2024

A series of six complexes [n‐Bu2Sn(L1)]⋅S (S=Benzene/toluene, mixed/partial) (1), [Ph2Sn(L1)]n⋅S (S=Benzene) (2), [Bz2Sn(L1)] (3), [n‐Bu2Sn(L2)]n (4), [Ph2Sn(L2)] (5) and [Bz2Sn(L2)] (6) were synthesized using diorganotin(IV) oxide precursors and two new bis‐Schiff bases containing N2O2 donor atoms. The Schiff bases, H2L1 and H2L2, were prepared by reacting ethane‐1,2‐diamine or benzene‐1,2‐diamine with 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yldiazenyl)benzaldehyde in absolute ethanol. Compounds 1–6 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, as well as by solid‐state single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 3 and 6). In all the complexes the bis‐Schiff bases occupy the equatorial positions and the R groups are in axial sites. However, while 1 and 5 are discrete molecules where the tin atoms adopt distorted octahedral geometries, 2 and 4 are monoperiodic polymers with the metal cations in pentagonal bipyramidal environments. Although solid state crystallographic results revealed asymmetrical molecular configurations, solution NMR studies proved symmetric arrangements for all the compounds. Tin NMR spectroscopy confirmed that all complexes are six‐coordinate in solution, despite variations in solid‐state coordination. Further analysis using Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots provided insights into intermolecular interactions in compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5. This comprehensive study underscores the structural diversity and solution‐state dynamics of organotin(IV) complexes synthesized using novel Schiff bases.
Rapid and reliable determination of sulfide and sulfite in food by a multianalyte electrochemical sensor based on nanoporous gold
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Qi Xiaoyan , Liu Ruijun , Cai Ting , Huang Zihan , Wang Sen , Wang Xia
Published: July 2024

Given the increasing food safety problems caused by sulfide and sulfite, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate method for the detection of sulfide and sulfite in food. In this study, a multianalyte electrochemical sensor was successfully fabricated based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by nanoporous gold (NPG) for the detection of sulfide and sulfite. Owing to the exceptional oxidation activity of NPG towards sulfite and sulfide, the constructed multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor achieved highly sensitive detection of sulfide in the concentration range of 50 μM–5 mM with a sensitivity of 21.33 μA mM−1cm−2 and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 37.53 μM. For the detection of sulfite, the multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 50 μM–5 mM with a sensitivity of 71.76 μA mM−1cm−2 and a LOD of 5.12 μM. In addition, the multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor realized the reliable detection of sulfide and sulfite in complex real food samples (such as milk, pickles, red wine, and tap water) with high sensitivity and anti‐interference ability. The multianalyte NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor exhibited many advantageous properties in practical applications, including easy fabrication, sensitivity, rapidity, cost‐efficient, and flexible adaptability, which made it a promising candidate for the rapid and reliable detection of sulfide and sulfite in food.
An adjustable high‐flux LED solar simulator based on dome structure
Authors: Xue Chang‐Wen , Song Jia‐Yong , Qin Ze‐Sheng , Bian Li‐Feng , Luo Zi‐Jiang , Yang Chen
Published: July 2024

High‐flux solar simulator (HFSS) commonly serves as a vital instrument for conducting material testing and thermochemical experiments, offering valuable applications in the fields of photovoltaic cells and concentrated solar energy. This paper proposes a continuously adjustable HFSS based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which can be employed for experimental testing in the solar cell aging. First, an irradiation unit module has been built using high‐power LEDs and total internal reflection lenses, and the irradiation performance of the single unit has been validated. In theory, a dome layout model is proposed, in which a detailed geometric analysis is provided for the maximum number of units that can be accommodated on the dome, considering unit size and dome dimensions. Subsequently, aluminum disc has been used as thermal flux sensors, and the irradiation distribution of the system is characterized using a charge‐coupled device observation camera and Lambertian board. The results indicate that the system offers an adjustable average flux ranging from 1.6 to 9.04 kW/m2 when the system input current is in the range of 7.2–54 A. Additionally, the system demonstrates a spatial nonuniformity of 2% within a 10‐mm diameter (Φ = 10 mm) region test region and temporal instability of 2% within 30 min.
Expanding foresight practitioner excellence: Assessment of practitioner evaluation capacity
Authors: Tonn Bruce , Gardner Annette L. , Lesieur Bill
Published: July 2024

Foresight evaluation is an emerging area of evaluation practice. In 2021, the Association of Professional Futurists (APF) conducted a survey of foresight practitioners to assess their capacity to conduct quality evaluation. Results suggest a moderate level of evaluation capacity exists amongst the APF membership, though the use of evaluation is low overall. Respondents with evaluation experience report being able to do both process and impact evaluations. Additionally, foresight practitioners understand the importance of evaluation, particularly to improve their foresight practice, and use evaluation findings for multiple reasons. However, respondents indicate the barriers to the evaluation of foresight are numerous. One group of factors is related to a lack of knowledge about evaluation and how to collect and analyze data related to the evaluation of foresight. Other barriers were attributed to the perceived lack of appreciation of the value of evaluation of foresight by clients and funders. Lastly, study findings speak to the need for a multifaceted approach with diverse resources to strengthen individual and organizational foresight evaluation capacity.
Antimicrobial Potential of Brassica oleracea Extracts (White and Broccoli) and Their Resistance Compared to Doxycycline Against Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Rahmani Meisam , Esmaeili Akbar , Taherkhani Mahboubeh
Published: July 2024

Brassica oleracea L is low in carbohydrates and fiber, making it ideal for low‐carb diets. But they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. The present article investigated the antimicrobial effect of B. oleracea extract (white and broccoli) (BOE‐WB) on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains and its resistance to doxycycline. BOE‐WB was used as the soaking method. It was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The samples were prepared with three concentrations. It used Mueller Hinton Agar culture medium of fresh bacteria. It was incubated for 24 h in a 37°C incubator. It identified 33 compounds. For BOE‐W, 77% of the compounds are oxygenated, while for BOE‐B, this percentage is 79%. For BOE‐B, 79% had oxygenated compounds. BOE‐WB has significant antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Bacillus cereus. The lethal impact of BOE‐WB on strains is very close to that of doxycycline, and it can be introduced as a new antimicrobial drug to the medical world. The research shows that the percentage of oxygenated compounds in foods containing BOE‐B is much higher than that of BOE‐W. It has a significant impact on the antioxidant effect. Foods containing BOE‐W have a high percentage of azo compounds and sulfur. One of the benefits of sulfur in the body is disinfecting the blood. In addition, sulfur increases the body's resistance to bacteria.
Identification of meat adulteration in minced meat samples labeled as beef and mutton in Tehran stores using duplex PCR
Authors: Doroudian Mohammad , Soezi Mahdieh , Rasouli Milad , Arshadi Far Maryam , Yousefi Dehbidi Maryam , Maafi Pedram , Yousefi Forough , Ajouri Mohammad‐Reza , Omidi Bijan
Published: July 2024

Food fraud and profiteering are becoming increasingly common in the meat industry. Therefore, it is essential to identify such practices to prevent consumer deception and maintain food safety. This study aimed to determine the contents of minced meat samples labeled as beef and mutton in retail stores across Tehran province, Iran, to identify instances of meat adulteration. To this end, this study randomly collected 300 minced meat samples labeled as beef and mutton from Tehran stores over 4 years (2018–2022) and analyzed them using duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results revealed that more than 95% of the samples only contained beef, while only 5% of the samples matched the label and contained a mixture of beef and mutton. This discrepancy between the label and actual contents could be attributed to the price difference between beef and mutton, providing a financial incentive for producers to maximize profits. Given the potential for meat adulteration, increased monitoring of meat products is necessary, including detailed tests such as PCR, which is a fast, easy, sensitive, specific, and highly effective method for detecting meat adulteration. The findings of this study can assist in developing effective strategies to prevent meat adulteration and maintain consumer confidence in the meat industry.
A provenance investigation on Middle–Upper Paleolithic chipped chert tools from North Bosnia
Authors: Petros Chatzimpaloglou , Tonko Rajkovača , Ivana Pandžić
Published: July 2024

This study presents the results of a provenance study on Middle–Upper Paleolithic chert tools from North Bosnia. It is part of a larger geoarchaeological research dedicated to using interdisciplinary methodologies to collate and review the known Middle–Upper Paleolithic archaeological record of North Bosnia. Chert is a raw material commonly used in prehistory for tool crafting and this region is known to have abundant geological sources. However, there is a lack of detailed data, especially regarding the geochemical characteristics and composition of these sources. The Middle‐Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages found in North Bosnia are dominated by chert and there is an untested theory suggesting the exploitation of local sources. The presented research uses macroscopic examination and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to distinguish the different chert varieties and identify groups with specific geochemical characteristics/signatures in the assemblages. The field‐ and lab‐based work suggests multiple sources but most importantly, presents strong evidence of chert tools having almost identical geochemical signatures with specific chert sources from North Bosnia. These are the first results confirming the exploitation of Indigenous chert sources and subsequently providing insights into hominan activity and raw‐material networks during the Middle–Upper Paleolithic in the region.
Impact of second autologous stem‐cell transplantation at relapsed multiple myeloma: A French multicentric real‐life study
Authors: André Axel , Montes Lydia , Roos‐Weil Damien , Frenzel Laurent , Vignon Marguerite , Chalopin Thomas , Debureaux Pierre‐Edouard , Talbot Alexis , Farge Agathe , Jardin Fabrice , Belhadj Karim , Royer Bruno , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Arnulf Bertrand , Morel Pierre , Harel Stéphanie
Published: July 2024

A second autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT2) is considered for relapsed multiple myeloma (RMM) patients showing prolonged response after a first ASCT. However, given breakthrough treatments like anti‐CD38 and immunotherapy, its role remains debated. We conducted a real‐life study in 10 French centers (1996–2017) involving 267 RMM patients receiving ASCT2. The median age was 61 years, with 49% females. Most patients received melphalan 200 mg/m² before ASCT2, with low early mortality (1%). Very good partial response or better (VGPR+) rate post ASCT2 was 78%. Post ASCT2, 48% received consolidation therapy and 40% maintenance therapy. Median event‐free survival (EFS) after ASCT2 was 2.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–2.8), and 2‐year EFS estimate was 63% (95% CI: 57–70). Median overall survival (OS) was 8.1 years (95% CI: 5.9–NA), and 2‐year OS estimate was 92% (95% CI: 88–95). Multivariate analysis revealed that VGPR+ status and maintenance therapy post ASCT2 were associated with better EFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.012 and HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.6, p < 0.001, respectively) and OS (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9, p = 0.017 and HR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4, p < 0.001, respectively), while male sex correlated with poorer outcomes for EFS (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7–3.7, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4–4.9, p = 0.002). Overall, ASCT2 appeared efficient with low toxicity in RMM. Maintenance therapy was associated with extended EFS and OS, particularly in patients with VGPR+ status post ASCT2. These findings underscore ASCT2's potential in RMM when coupled with maintenance therapy in selected patients.
Factors associated with patients' experience of access to their multidisciplinary primary health care clinic: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Breton Mylaine , Gaboury Isabelle , Lamoureux‐Lamarche Catherine , Deslauriers Véronique , Beaulieu Christine , Martin Élisabeth , Berbiche Djamal
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding patients' experiences accessing primary health care (PHC) is necessary to improve service organisation. This study aims to examine individual, organisational, and contextual factors associated with patients' experience of accessing the multidisciplinary PHC clinic to which they are attached.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study builds on survey data collected in multidisciplinary PHC clinics located in 14 regions in the province of Quebec (Canada). Between September 2022 and June 2023, an online questionnaire was sent to patients with an email contact and attached to a family physician. Two patient‐reported experience measures were assessed: (1) difficulty obtaining an appointment with their regular family physician or nurse practitioner and (2) perceived unmet healthcare needs. A self‐reported online questionnaire based on the advanced access model was also sent to PHC professionals and administrative staff to assess the use of advanced access strategies in their practice. Multilevel logistic regression models were fit. Stratified analyses were conducted according to the number of consultations received.

Findings

In total, 122,397 patients and 847 family physicians, 97 nurse practitioners and 347 administrative staff nested into 104 clinics answered the survey. In the overall sample, having a chronic disorder was the only individual factor associated with the patient experience of access. Organizational factors including estimation of demand and supply, use of a referral algorithm, and strategies to optimise consultations were associated with a better access experience. Patients from medium size clinics compared to small clinics had better experiences of care for both outcomes. Stratified analysis indicated similar results for patients who consulted at the clinic 1–5 times in the last 12 months as observed in the overall sample.

Conclusions

This study indicates that enhancing organizational processes can improve patients' access experiences.
Interactions between toll‐like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis
Authors: Chen Luping , Zhang Linfang , Hua Hua , Liu Li , Mao Yuejian , Wang Ruirui
Published: July 2024

Background

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a family of fundamental pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system, constituting the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous antigens. The gut microbiota, a collection of commensal microorganisms in the intestine, is a major source of exogenous antigens. The components and metabolites of the gut microbiota interact with specific TLRs to contribute to whole‐body immune and metabolic homeostasis.

Objective

This review aims to summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and TLR signaling pathways and to enumerate the role of microbiota dysbiosis‐induced TLR signaling pathways in obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Results

Through the recognition of TLRs, the microbiota facilitates the development of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system monitors dynamic changes in the commensal bacteria to maintain the balance of the host‐microorganism symbiosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce a cascade of inflammatory and metabolic responses mediated by TLR signaling pathways, potentially resulting in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases.

Conclusion

Understanding the crosstalk between TLRs and the gut microbiota contributes to potential therapeutic applications in related diseases, offering new avenues for treatment strategies in conditions like obesity, IBD, and CRC.
Profile of female survivors of sexual violence in the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 quarantine in the city of Campinas, Brazil: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Côrtes Maria Teresa Ferreira , Alves Ândria Cléia , Teixeira Ana Luiza , Alabarse Otávio Prado , dos Santos Júnior Amilton , dos Santos Fernandes Arlete Maria , de Azevedo Renata Cruz Soares
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Describe the characteristics and changes in the profile of women who sought care after experiencing sexual violence (SV) during the first six months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Brazilian city.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional retrospective study. Data from emergency care and legal abortion requests of women assisted at the Women's Health Care Center Hospital (School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil) due to SV experienced between March 23 and August 23, 2020 (Quarantine Group, QG), were collected and compared with data from the same period of the previous biennium (Comparison Group, CG). χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare groups; the significance level was 5%.

Results

Data for 236 women were analyzed; 70 women were included in the QG and 166 in the CG. In the QG, there was a restriction in the area of origin of women, with a higher proportion of women who lived in Campinas (P = 0.0007) and a higher frequency of chronic SV (P = 0,035). There were no rapes associated with the use of social media or apps in the QG, but 9.8% of women in the CG experienced rape associated with the use of social media or apps. There were higher rates of domestic violence (P = 0.022) and intimidation through physical force (P = 0.011) in the first two months.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 quarantine affected the profile of women who sought care after experiencing SV. The quarantine resulted in changes in the area of origin of patients, hindering access to health services and leading to higher rates of chronic and domestic SV, particularly in the first 2 months of the pandemic.
Semantic sensor data integration for talent development via hybrid multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Luo Fang , Yang Ya‐Juan , Geng Yu‐Cheng
Published: July 2024

In this work, we propose a new hybrid Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (hMOEA) specifically designed for semantic sensor data integration, targeting talent development within the burgeoning field of the Semantic Internet of Things (SIoT). Our approach synergizes the capabilities of Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms to tackle the sophisticated challenges inherent in Sensor Ontology Matching (SOM). This innovative hMOEA framework is adapt at discerning precise semantic correlations among diverse ontologies, thereby facilitating seamless interoperability and enhancing the functionality of IoT applications. Central to our contributions are the development of an advanced multi‐objective optimization model that underpins the SOM process, the implementation of the hMOEA framework which sets a new benchmark for accurate semantic sensor data integration, and the rigorous validation of hMOEA's superiority through extensive testing in varied real‐world SOM scenarios. This research not only marks a significant advancement in SOM but also highlights the critical role of cutting‐edge SOM methodologies in educational curricula, for example, the new business subject education proposed by China in recent years, aimed at equipping future professionals with the necessary skills to innovate and lead in the SIoT and SW domains.
Paternal and maternal psychological distress and adolescent health risk behaviors: The role of sensitive periods
Authors: Sifaki Maria , Flouri Eirini , Midouhas Emily
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Adolescent health risk behaviors are linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. While past research shows that maternal psychological distress predicts those behaviors, we know less about the role of paternal psychological distress and the role of sensitive periods.

Methods

Using 11,128 data from families (50.5% female children) from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, we examined the role of timing of exposure to paternal and maternal psychological distress in engagement in health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, and sexual activity) at age 14. Paternal and maternal psychological distress, measured with the Kessler‐6 scale, were assessed at child ages 3, 7, and 11. We performed path analysis, adjusting for key covariates, modeling maternal distress parallel to paternal, and allowing for autoregressive paths.

Results

Paternal distress experienced at age 11 predicted a higher likelihood of smoking at age 14. Maternal distress at age 7 also predicted a higher likelihood of smoking, alcohol use, and binge drinking, but only for boys. Moreover, maternal distress at age 3 was associated with a lower risk for alcohol use. Effects were not replicated in the sensitivity analysis we performed, including only families with resident biological fathers across the study period. Instead, maternal and paternal distress at age 11 raised girls' risk for binge drinking and sexual activity, respectively.

Conclusions

Parental distress in early childhood does not predict adolescent health risk behaviors. In late childhood, however, both paternal and maternal distress seem to influence the likelihood of engagement in such behaviors.
Can flowable short‐fiber‐reinforced resins achieve a strong adhesion to bioceramics?
Authors: Topbaş Celalettin , Kul Abdurrahman Kerim
Published: July 2024

This study compared the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of four calcium silicate‐based cements (CSCs), TheraCal PT (TPT), TheraCal LC (TLC), Biodentine (BD), and Dia‐Root Bio MTA (DR), with a short fiber‐reinforced composite resin (SFRC). Forty cylindrical acrylic blocks were used, each with a center hole (diameter 5 mm, depth 2 mm). CSCs were placed in the holes (n = 10/group), and the blocks were incubated for 48 h. G‐Premio BOND, a self‐etching adhesive, was applied to the CSCs surfaces using a micro‐applicator for 10 s and then air‐dried for 5 s, followed by light curing for 20 s. SFRC materials placed in cylindrical polyethylene capsules (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm) were polymerized for 20 s and placed over the CSCs. The samples were then incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 24 h, and their μSBSs were tested using an “Instron Universal Testing Machine.” Data were statistically analyzed using chi‐square and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Statistically significant differences were observed between the tested CSCs. The μSBS of TPT (45.17 ± 4.56 MPa) was significantly higher (p < .05) than that of the other materials: BD, TLC, and DR had μSBSs of 29.18 ± 2.86 MPa (p < .05), 23.86 ± 2.84 MPa (p > .05), and 18.08 ± 2.69 MPa (p < .05), respectively. Considering the importance of bond strength for CSC sealing with restorative material, using SFRC over CSC was promising for improving the μSBS, adhesion, and sealing of the material.

Research Highlights

Adhesion is critical to the success of vital pulp restorations.

To achieve strong adhesion, the bioceramic material and the resin composite to which it is bonded are very important.

In our study, short fiber‐reinforced composite resin, which is gaining popularity, was used and found to be a promising material for improved adhesion.
Blood and urine biomarkers for the diagnosis of early stages of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Ostojic Marko , Oliveira Joao Pedro , Kordic David , Mouton Caroline , Prill Robert , Becker Roland
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To identify biomarkers in human blood or urine at an early stage of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to elucidate if any can accurately differentiate between healthy controls and early knee OA patients and be considered as a candidate for widespread clinical use for early diagnosis of the disease.

Methods

Medline, Embase and Web of Science were screened to identify comparative studies measuring differences in blood or urine biomarkers between healthy controls and knee OA patients at an early stage (grade 1 or 2 Kellgren–Laurence). Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts for eligibility, reviewed the full texts, assessed the methodological quality and extracted the data. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for diagnostic test accuracy studies was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Due to relevant heterogeneity, meta‐analysis was not appropriate.

Results

Five studies met the eligibility criteria. The examined biomarkers were adropin, collagen type II metabolite, C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type II collagen, C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinase 3, N‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type IIA, type I procollagen N‐terminal propeptides, N‐terminal osteocalcin, angiopoietin‐2, follistatin, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin‐8, leptin, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor and calprotectin and totalling 19 biomarkers. All of the biomarkers were studied only once in the selected papers.

Conclusions

There is no reliable biomarker available to differentiate between early knee OA in patients and healthy controls, but a potential role of a cluster of biomarkers to close this gap. There are several limitations, including inappropriate study designs, small sample sizes, nonconsecutive patient groups and inadequate statistical methods for evaluating biomarker performance in studies included.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Positive association between patient experience of primary care with chronic disease and self‐rated health in a Japanese rural area: A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey using the Japanese primary care assessment tool short form
Authors: Nishida Sakiya , Hisata Yoshio , Yasaka Aki , Sugioka Takashi , Hirata Risa , Katsuki Naoko E. , Tago Masaki , Ueda Yuki , Amenomori Masaki , Higashino Katsumi , Naya Yoshio
Published: July 2024

Background

Low birthrates and an aging society during population decline have brought about labor shortages and increased medical care needs. Medical resources should be distributed appropriately, particularly in rural areas. High‐quality primary care can make the medical system more effective and contribute to rural residents' health. However, there are no reports on the impact of primary care on health in the rural areas of Japan. This study examined the effect of primary care quality on self‐rated health in a rural Japanese area.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire survey of residents of a rural area in northern Shiga Prefecture in 2021. Self‐rated health (SRH) was used as the health outcome (1–5 points), and the Japanese Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form (JPCAT‐SF) was used to measure the patients' experience of primary care (0–100 points). We conducted a multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis and examined the association between good SRH (4 points or more) and high JPCAT‐SF scores (above average score), adjusted for sociodemographic confounding factors.

Results

A total of 1108 men and 1412 women responded to the survey. The mean patient age was 69.8 years. The mean JPCAT‐SF score was 51.8 points. Among the 1172 patients with chronic diseases, good SRH was associated with high JPCAT‐SF scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.73).

Conclusions

Good SRH among rural residents with chronic disease was associated with high primary care quality.
Construction of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis System Using Chalcone as a Substrate in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000
Authors: Tian Yujing , Liu Na , Zhao Xiaowen , Mei Xuefeng , Zhang Lei , Huang Jinhai , Hua Deping
Published: July 2024

Anthocyanins are high‐value natural compounds, but to date, their production still mainly relies on extraction from plants. A five‐step metabolic pathway was constructed in probiotic Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 for rapid, stable, and glycosylated anthocyanin biosynthesis using chalcone as a substrate. The genes were cloned from anthocyanin‐rich blueberry: chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3‐hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), anthocyanin synthase (ANS), and UDPG‐flavonoid 3‐O‐glycosyltransferase (3GT). Using HR, the polysaccharide pellicle (PSP) segment of the cell wall polysaccharide synthesis (cwps) gene cluster from L. lactis NZ9000 was cloned into vector p15A‐Cm‐repDE. Then, CHI and F3H were placed sequentially under the control of NZProm 3 of this gene cluster in the vector, which was transformed into L. lactis NZ9000 to obtain Strain A. Furthermore, Strain B was constructed by placing F3H‐DFR‐ANS and 3GT under NZProm 2 and 3, respectively. Using LC‐MS/MS analysis, several types of anthocyanins, including callistephin chloride, oenin chloride, malvidin O‐hexoside, malvidin 3,5‐diglucoside, and pelargonidin 3‐O‐malonyl‐malonylhexoside, increased in the supernatant of the co‐culture of Strains A and B compared to that of L. lactis NZ9000. This is the first time that a five‐step metabolic pathway has been developed for anthocyanin biosynthesis in probiotic L. lactis NZ9000. This work lays the groundwork for novel anthocyanin production by a process involving the placement of several biosynthesis genes under the control of a gene cluster.
Magnetic materials as adsorbents for the pre‐concentration and separation of active ingredients from herbal medicine
Authors: Bai Hezhao , Teng Guohua , Zhang Chen , Yang Jingyi , Yang Wenzhi , Tian Fei
Published: July 2024

Herbal medicine (HM) is crucial in disease management and contains complex compounds with few active pharmacological ingredients, presenting challenges in quality control of raw materials and formulations. Effective separation, identification, and analysis of active components are vital for HM efficacy. Traditional methods like liquid‐liquid extraction and solid‐phase extraction are time‐consuming and environmentally concerning, with limitations such as sorbent issues, pressure, and clogging. Magnetic solid‐phase extraction uses magnetic sorbents for targeted analyte separation and enrichment, offering rapid, pressure‐free separation. However, inorganic magnetic particles’ aggregation and oxidation, as well as lack of selectivity, have led to the use of various coatings and modifications to enhance specificity and selectivity for complex herbal samples. This review delves into magnetic composites in HM pretreatment, specifically focusing on encapsulated or modified magnetic nanoparticles and materials like silica, ionic liquids, graphene family derivatives, carbon nanotubes, metal‐organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers.
A priori verification method for curl‐conforming basis functions in simplices
Authors: Amor‐Martin Adrian , Garcia‐Castillo Luis E.
Published: July 2024

The construction of (hierarchical) curl‐conforming basis functions has been a hot topic in the last decades in the finite element community. Especially, functions applied to simplices have been quite popular after the work by Nédélec in 1980. Many mixed‐order and full‐order families have been provided in the last years, but sometimes, it is difficult to assess if they belong to the original space proposed by Nédélec (especially when orthogonalization procedures are applied). Here, a tool to determine if a family of basis functions belongs to the Nédélec space is provided. Since affine coordinates are the most frequent choice for simplices, particularities about its use with this kind of coordinates are detailed. A detailed survey of existing families is provided, and the practical application of the tool to a representative set of these families is discussed. The tool is also available for the community in a public repository.
Population dynamics in a Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with predator harvesting at high densities
Authors: Cortés García Christian
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose a Leslie–Gower predator–prey model in which the predator can only be captured when its population size exceeds a critical value; the mean growth rate of the prey in the absence of the predator is subject to a semi‐saturation rate that affects its birth curve, and the interaction between the two species is defined by a Holling II predation functional with alternative food for the predator. Since the proposed model is equivalent to a Filippov system, its mathematical analysis leads to a local study of the equilibria in each vector field corresponding to the proposed model, in addition to the study of the stability of its pseudo‐equilibria located on the curve separating the two vector fields. In particular, the model could have between one and three pseudo‐equilibria and at least one limit cycle surrounding one or two inner equilibria, locally unstable points.
A subset of image‐defined risk factors predict completeness of resection in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma: An international multicenter study
Authors: Espinoza Andres F. , Bagatell Rochelle , McHugh Kieran , Naranjo Arlene H. , Van Ryn Collin , Rojas Yesenia , Lyons Karen , Guillerman R. Paul , Kirby Chaim , Brock Penelope , Volchenboum Samuel , Simon Thorsten , States Lisa , Miller Alexandra , Krug Barbara , Sarnacki Sabine , Irtan Sabine , Brisse Herve J. , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Kammer Birgit , Granata Claudio , Pio Luca , Park Julie R. , Nuchtern Jed G.
Published: July 2024

Background

Image‐defined risk factors (IDRFs) were promulgated for predicting the feasibility and safety of complete primary tumor resection in children with neuroblastoma (NB). There is limited understanding of the impact of individual IDRFs on resectability of the primary tumor or patient outcomes. A multicenter database of patients with high‐risk NB was interrogated to answer this question.

Design/methods

Patients with high‐risk NB (age <20 years) were eligible if cross‐sectional imaging was performed at least twice prior to resection. IDRFs and primary tumor measurements were recorded for each imaging study. Extent of resection was determined from operative reports.

Results

There were 211 of 229 patients with IDRFs at diagnosis, and 171 patients with IDRFs present pre‐surgery. A ≥90% resection was significantly more likely in the absence of tumor invading or encasing the porta hepatis, hepatoduodenal ligament, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), renal pedicles, abdominal aorta/inferior vena cava (IVC), iliac vessels, and/or diaphragm at diagnosis or an overlapping subset of IDRFs (except diaphragm) at pre‐surgery. There were no significant differences in event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) when patients were stratified by the presence versus absence of any IDRF either at diagnosis or pre‐surgery.

Conclusion

Two distinct but overlapping subsets of IDRFs present either at diagnosis or after induction chemotherapy significantly influence the probability of a complete resection in children with high‐risk NB. The presence of IDRFs was not associated with significant differences in OS or EFS in this cohort.
Evaluation of otorhinolaryngologic, audiologic, and genetic findings in children with cystic fibrosis: A tertiary care experience
Authors: Nayır Büyükşahin Halime , Yalcın Ebru , Gökırmak İlayda , Ertugrul Gorkem , Dayangaç Erden Didem , Sennaroglu Gonca , Ozer Serdar , Akkaplan Selvet , Yesil Ibrahım Emir , Guzelkas Ismail , Sunman Birce , Alboga Didem , Akgul Erdal Meltem , Demir İpek , Atan Raziye , Capraz Burcu , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate otorhinolaryngologic findings and the relationship between aminoglycoside (AG) exposure and hearing loss in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (cwCF). We also aimed to investigate the genetic predisposition to AG ototoxicity by screening for m.1555A>G mutations.

Methods

CwCF who underwent otorhinolaryngologic and audiologic examinations were retrospectively included. Clinical characteristics, ear‐nose‐throat related symptoms, and a history of ototoxic drug exposure were recorded. m.1555A>G mutations were retrospectively screened among patients with audiologic evaluations.

Results

Two hundred thirty‐four cwCF were included in this study with a median age of 10.7 (range, 6.8–14.2) years. Nasal obstruction (14.1%) was the most common symptom. Fifty‐two (22.2%) patients had chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). There was a positive correlation between CRSwNP and the symptom of nasal obstruction (r:.234, p < .001), snoring (r:.179, p = .006), and sleeping with mouth open (r:.138, p = .034). One hundred forty‐nine (63.6%) patients had audiologic evaluations; 14 (9.4%) had hearing impairment. No statistical significance existed between ototoxicity and IV AG exposure (p = .90). Six (42.8%) of 14 patients did not receive ototoxic drugs. One hundred nineteen (50.8%) patients were screened for m.1555A>G mutations, and none were detected.

Conclusions

Almost a quarter of the study population had CRSwNP. Neither the relationship between AGs exposure and hearing loss nor the genetic predisposition to AG ototoxicity could be shown in cwCF.
Identification of severe acute pediatric asthma phenotypes using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Rogerson Colin , Nelson Sanchez‐Pinto L. , Gaston Benjamin , Wiehe Sarah , Schleyer Titus , Tu Wanzhu , Mendonca Eneida
Published: July 2024

Rationale

More targeted management of severe acute pediatric asthma could improve clinical outcomes.

Objectives

To identify distinct clinical phenotypes of severe acute pediatric asthma using variables obtained in the first 12 h of hospitalization.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a quaternary care children's hospital from 2014 to 2022. Encounters for children ages 2–18 years admitted to the hospital for asthma were included. We used consensus k means clustering with patient demographics, vital signs, diagnostics, and laboratory data obtained in the first 12 h of hospitalization.

Measurements and Main Results

The study population included 683 encounters divided into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) sets, and two distinct clusters were identified. Compared to Cluster 1 in the derivation set, Cluster 2 encounters (177 [32%]) were older (11 years [8; 14] vs. 5 years [3; 8]; p < .01) and more commonly males (63% vs. 53%; p = .03) of Black race (51% vs. 40%; p = .03) with non‐Hispanic ethnicity (96% vs. 84%; p < .01). Cluster 2 encounters had smaller improvements in vital signs at 12‐h including percent change in heart rate (−1.7 [−11.7; 12.7] vs. −7.8 [−18.5; 1.7]; p < .01), and respiratory rate (0.0 [−20.0; 22.2] vs. −11.4 [−27.3; 9.0]; p < .01). Encounters in Cluster 2 had lower percentages of neutrophils (70.0 [55.0; 83.0] vs. 85.0 [77.0; 90.0]; p < .01) and higher percentages of lymphocytes (17.0 [8.0; 32.0] vs. 9.0 [5.3; 14.0]; p < .01). Cluster 2 encounters had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (23% vs. 5%; p < .01), longer hospital length of stay (4.5 [2.6; 8.8] vs. 2.9 [2.0; 4.3]; p < .01), and a higher mortality rate (7.3% vs. 0.0%; p < .01). The predicted cluster assignments in the validation set shared the same ratio (~2:1), and many of the same characteristics.

Conclusions

We identified two clinical phenotypes of severe acute pediatric asthma which exhibited distinct clinical features and outcomes.
Prospecting Specific Protein Patterns for High Body Mass Index (BMI), Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Saliva and Blood Plasma From a Brazilian Population
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Carlos Vinicius , da Silva Carlos José Ferreira , Bacila Sade Youssef , Naressi Scapin Sandra Mara , Thompson Fabiano L. , Thompson Cristiane , da Silva‐Boghossian Carina Maciel , de Oliveira Santos Eidy
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, such as T2DM and MeS, are a growing public health problem worldwide. Our goal was the identification of protein patterns that are uniquely characteristic of higher BMI, MeS, and T2DM in a Brazilian population.

Experimental Design

Saliva and plasma proteomes, clinical parameters were analyzed in a population from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a mixed‐race population. Volunteers were sorted by their BMI into normal (n = 29), overweight (n = 25), and obese (n = 15) and were compared with individuals with MeS (n = 23) and T2DM (n = 11).

Results

The Random Forest (RF) predictive model revealed that three clinical variables, BMI, HOMA‐IR, and fasting blood glucose, are most important for predicting MeS and T2DM. A total of six plasmatic proteins (ABCD4, LDB1, PDZ, podoplanin, lipirin‐alpha‐3, and WRS) and six salivary proteins (hemoglobin subunit beta, POTEE, T cell receptor alpha variable 9–2, lactotransferrin, cystatin‐S, carbonic anhydrase 6), are enhanced in T2DM and in MeS.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Our data revealed similar alterations in protein composition across individuals with abnormal weight gain, T2DM, and MeS. This finding confirms the close link between these conditions at the molecular level in the studied population, potentially enhancing our understanding of these diseases and paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools.