bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Inversion Framework for Optimizing Non‐Methane VOC Emissions Using Remote Sensing and Airborne Observations in Northeast Asia During the KORUS‐AQ Field Campaign
Authors: Choi Jinkyul , Henze Daven K. , Cao Hansen , Nowlan Caroline R. , González Abad Gonzalo , Kwon Hyeong‐Ahn , Lee Hyung‐Min , Oak Yujin J. , Park Rokjin J. , Bates Kelvin H. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Wisthaler Armin , Weinheimer Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

We aim to reduce uncertainties in CH2O and other volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions through assimilation of remote sensing data. We first update a three‐dimensional (3D) chemical transport model, GEOS‐Chem with the KORUSv5 anthropogenic emission inventory and inclusion of chemistry for aromatics and C2H4, leading to modest improvements in simulation of CH2O (normalized mean bias (NMB): −0.57 to −0.51) and O3 (NMB: −0.25 to −0.19) compared against DC‐8 aircraft measurements during KORUS‐AQ; the mixing ratio of most VOC species are still underestimated. We next constrain VOC emissions using CH2O observations from two satellites (OMI and OMPS) and the DC‐8 aircraft during KORUS‐AQ. To utilize data from multiple platforms in a consistent manner, we develop a two‐step Hybrid Iterative Finite Difference Mass Balance and four‐dimensional variational inversion system (Hybrid IFDMB‐4DVar). The total VOC emissions throughout the domain increase by 47%. The a posteriori simulation reduces the low biases of simulated CH2O (NMB: −0.51 to −0.15), O3 (NMB: −0.19 to −0.06), and VOCs. Alterations to the VOC speciation from the 4D‐Var inversion include increases of biogenic isoprene emissions in Korea and anthropogenic emissions in Eastern China. We find that the IFDMB method alone is adequate for reducing the low biases of VOCs in general; however, 4D‐Var provides additional refinement of high‐resolution emissions and their speciation. Defining reasonable emission errors and choosing optimal regularization parameters are crucial parts of the inversion system. Our new hybrid inversion framework can be applied for future air quality campaigns, maximizing the value of integrating measurements from current and upcoming geostationary satellite instruments.
Identification of novel rheumatoid arthritis-associated MiRNA-204-5p from plasma exosomes
Authors: Wu Long-Fei , Zhang Qin , Mo Xing-Bo , Lin Jun , Wu Yang-Lin , Lu Xin , He Pei , Wu Jian , Guo Yu-Fan , Wang Ming-Jun , Ren Wen-Yan , Deng Hong-Wen , Lei Shu-Feng , Deng Fei-Yan
Published: March 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of immune cells in the synovium. However, the crosstalk of immune cells and synovial fibroblasts is still largely unknown. Here, global miRNA screening in plasma exosomes was carried out with a custom microarray (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 9:9). A total of 14 exosomal miRNAs were abnormally expressed in the RA patients. Then, downregulated expression of exosomal miR-204-5p was confirmed in both the replication (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 30:30) and validation groups (RA patients vs. healthy controls = 56:60). Similar to the findings obtained in humans, a decreased abundance of exosomal miR-204-5p was observed in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that plasma exosomal miR-204-5p expression was inversely correlated with disease parameters of RA patients, such as rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. In vitro, our data showed that human T lymphocytes released exosomes containing large amounts of miR-204-5p, which can be transferred into synovial fibroblasts, inhibiting cell proliferation. Overexpression of miR-204-5p in synovial fibroblasts suppressed synovial fibroblast activation by targeting genes related to cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo assays found that administration of lentiviruses expressing miR-204-5p markedly alleviated the disease progression of the mice with CIA. Collectively, this study identified a novel RA-associated plasma exosomal miRNA-204-5p that mediates the communication between immune cells and synovial fibroblasts and can be used as a potential biomarker for RA diagnosis and treatment.
Complement induces podocyte pyroptosis in membranous nephropathy by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Wang Hui , Lv Daoyuan , Jiang Song , Hou Qing , Zhang Lei , Li Shen , Zhu Xiaodong , Xu Xiaodong , Wen Jianqiang , Zeng Caihong , Zhang Mingchao , Yang Fan , Chen Zhaohong , Zheng Chunxia , Li Jing , Zen Ke , Liu Zhihong , Li Limin
Published: March 2022

Podocyte damage mediated by in situ complement activation in the glomeruli is a key factor in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy (MN), but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Pyroptosis is a special type of programmed cell death, mediate inflammatory response and induce tissue injury. However, it is not clear whether pyroptosis is involved in the development and progression of MN. Here, we report that pyroptosis plays an important role in promoting podocyte injury in MN. We first observed the occurrence of pyroptosis in the kidneys of MN patients and validated that complement stimulation triggered pyroptosis in podocytes and that inhibiting pyroptosis reversed complement-induced podocyte damage in vitro. In addition, stimulation of complement caused mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in podocytes, and inhibition of ROS reversed complement-induced pyroptosis in podocytes. Interestingly, inhibition of pyroptosis in turn partially alleviated these effects. Furthermore, we also found the involvement of pyroptosis in the kidneys of passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rats, and inhibitors of pyroptosis-related molecules relieved PHN-induced kidney damage in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that pyroptosis plays a critical role in complement-induced podocyte damage in MN and mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism underlying this process. It provides new insight that pyroptosis may serve as a novel therapeutic target for MN treatment in future studies.
Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion
Authors: Raio Candace M. , Lu Benjamin B. , Grubb Michael , Shields Grant S. , Slavich George M. , Glimcher Paul
Published: March 2022

Uncertainty is inherent in most decisions humans make. Economists distinguish between two types of decision-making under non-certain conditions: those involving risk (i.e., known outcome probabilities) and those that involve ambiguity (i.e., unknown outcome probabilities). Prior research has identified individual differences that explain risk preferences, but little is known about factors associated with ambiguity aversion. Here, we hypothesized that cumulative exposure to major psychosocial stressors over the lifespan might be one factor that predicts individuals’ ambiguity aversion. Across two studies (Study 1: n = 58, Mage = 25.7; Study 2: n = 188, Mage = 39.81), we used a comprehensive lifetime stressor exposure inventory (i.e., the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults, or STRAIN) and a standard economic approach to quantify risk and ambiguity preferences. Greater lifetime stressor exposure as measured by the STRAIN, particularly in early life, was associated with higher aversion to ambiguity but not risk preferences.
Pervasive Transcription-coupled DNA repair in E. coli
Authors: Martinez Britney , Bharati Binod K. , Epshtein Vitaly , Nudler Evgeny
Published: March 2022

Global Genomic Repair (GGR) and Transcription-Coupled Repair (TCR) have been viewed, respectively, as major and minor sub-pathways of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process that removes bulky lesions from the genome. Here we applied a next generation sequencing assay, CPD-seq, in E. coli to measure the levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions before, during, and after UV-induced genotoxic stress, and, therefore, to determine the rate of genomic recovery by NER at a single nucleotide resolution. We find that active transcription is necessary for the repair of not only the template strand (TS), but also the non-template strand (NTS), and that the bulk of TCR is independent of Mfd – a DNA translocase that is thought to be necessary and sufficient for TCR in bacteria. We further show that repair of both TS and NTS is enhanced by increased readthrough past Rho-dependent terminators. We demonstrate that UV-induced genotoxic stress promotes global antitermination so that TCR is more accessible to the antisense, intergenic, and other low transcribed regions. Overall, our data suggest that GGR and TCR are essentially the same process required for complete repair of the bacterial genome.
Integrative multi-omics and drug response profiling of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines
Authors: Leo Isabelle Rose , Aswad Luay , Stahl Matthias , Kunold Elena , Post Frederik , Erkers Tom , Struyf Nona , Mermelekas Georgios , Joshi Rubin Narayan , Gracia-Villacampa Eva , Östling Päivi , Kallioniemi Olli P. , Tamm Katja Pokrovskaja , Siavelis Ioannis , Lehtiö Janne , Vesterlund Mattias , Jafari Rozbeh
Published: March 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Although standard-of-care chemotherapeutics are sufficient for most ALL cases, there are subsets of patients with poor response who relapse in disease. The biology underlying differences between subtypes and their response to therapy has only partially been explained by genetic and transcriptomic profiling. Here, we perform comprehensive multi-omic analyses of 49 readily available childhood ALL cell lines, using proteomics, transcriptomics, and pharmacoproteomic characterization. We connect the molecular phenotypes with drug responses to 528 oncology drugs, identifying drug correlations as well as lineage-dependent correlations. We also identify the diacylglycerol-analog bryostatin-1 as a therapeutic candidate in the MEF2D-HNRNPUL1 fusion high-risk subtype, for which this drug activates pro-apoptotic ERK signaling associated with molecular mediators of pre-B cell negative selection. Our data is the foundation for the interactive online Functional Omics Resource of ALL (FORALL) with navigable proteomics, transcriptomics, and drug sensitivity profiles at https://proteomics.se/forall.
Scientific data from precipitation driver response model intercomparison project
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn , Forster Piers M. , Hodnebrog Øivind , Sandstad Marit , Mohr Christian W. , Sillmann Jana , Stjern Camilla W. , Andrews Timothy , Boucher Olivier , Faluvegi Gregory , Iversen Trond , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Kasoar Matthew , Kirkevåg Alf , Kramer Ryan , Liu Longbo , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Olivié Dirk , Quaas Johannes , Richardson Thomas B. , Shawki Dilshad , Shindell Drew , Smith Chris , Stier Philip , Tang Tao , Takemura Toshihiko , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Watson-Parris Duncan
Published: March 2022

This data descriptor reports the main scientific values from General Circulation Models (GCMs) in the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). The purpose of the GCM simulations has been to enhance the scientific understanding of how changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, and incoming solar radiation perturb the Earth’s radiation balance and its climate response in terms of changes in temperature and precipitation. Here we provide global and annual mean results for a large set of coupled atmospheric-ocean GCM simulations and a description of how to easily extract files from the dataset. The simulations consist of single idealized perturbations to the climate system and have been shown to achieve important insight in complex climate simulations. We therefore expect this data set to be valuable and highly used to understand simulations from complex GCMs and Earth System Models for various phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.
Categorized contrast enhanced mammography dataset for diagnostic and artificial intelligence research
Authors: Khaled Rana , Helal Maha , Alfarghaly Omar , Mokhtar Omnia , Elkorany Abeer , El Kassas Hebatalla , Fahmy Aly
Published: March 2022

Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a relatively recent imaging modality with increased diagnostic accuracy compared to digital mammography (DM). New deep learning (DL) models were developed that have accuracies equal to that of an average radiologist. However, most studies trained the DL models on DM images as no datasets exist for CESM images. We aim to resolve this limitation by releasing a Categorized Digital Database for Low energy and Subtracted Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography images (CDD-CESM) to evaluate decision support systems. The dataset includes 2006 images, with an average resolution of 2355 × 1315, consisting of 310 mass images, 48 architectural distortion images, 222 asymmetry images, 238 calcifications images, 334 mass enhancement images, 184 non-mass enhancement images, 159 postoperative images, 8 post neoadjuvant chemotherapy images, and 751 normal images, with 248 images having more than one finding. This is the first dataset to incorporate data selection, segmentation annotation, medical reports, and pathological diagnosis for all cases. Moreover, we propose and evaluate a DL-based technique to automatically segment abnormal findings in images.
Cattaneo–Christov heat flow model for copper–water nanofluid heat transfer under Marangoni convection and slip conditions
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. , Alshahrani Mohammed Nasser , Ullah Naeem , Khan Naseer M. , Marek Krawczuk , Mousa Abd Allah A. , Ali Sajid
Published: March 2022

This report is devoted to the study of the flow of MHD nanofluids through a vertical porous plate with a temperature-dependent surface tension using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flow model. The energy equation was formulated using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model instead of Fourier’s law of heat conduction. The Tiwari–Das model was used to take into account the concentration of nanoparticles when constructing the momentum equation. The problem is described mathematically using the boundary layer approach as a PDE, which is then converted into an ODE with the help of the transformation process. The solution finding process was completed by running the bvp4c code in MATLAB. A quantitative analysis of the influence of some newly occurring parameters on physical quantities was carried out using graphics. The addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid leads to an increase in both skin friction and thermal conductivity. The increase in thermal conductivity is the advantage, while the increase in skin friction is the disadvantage of the nanoparticle concentration. Marangoni convection has proven to be one of the most cost-effective tools available that can reduce skin friction. Marangoni convection improves the heat transfer coefficient during suction but decreases the heat transfer coefficient during the injection.
Automated lesion segmentation and quantification for prediction of paradoxical worsening in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis
Authors: Kalra Gagan , Agarwal Aniruddha , Marchese Alessandro , Agrawal Rupesh , Bansal Reema , Gupta Vishali
Published: March 2022

To develop and evaluate a fully automated pipeline that analyzes color fundus images in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB SLC) for prediction of paradoxical worsening (PW). In this retrospective study, patients with TB SLC with a follow-up of 9 months after initiation of anti-tubercular therapy were included. A fully automated custom-designed pipeline was developed which was initially tested using 12 baseline color fundus photographs for assessment of repeatability. After confirming reliability using Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the pipeline was deployed for all patients. The images were preprocessed to exclude the optic nerve from the fundus photo using a single-shot trainable WEKA segmentation algorithm. Two automatic thresholding algorithms were applied, and quantitative metrics were generated. These metrics were compared between PW + and PW- groups using non-parametric tests. A logistic regression model was used to predict probability of PW for assessing binary classification performance and receiver operator curves were generated to choose a sensitivity-optimized threshold. The study included 139 patients (139 eyes; 92 males and 47 females; mean age: 44.8 ± 11.3 years) with TB SLC. Pilot analysis of 12 images showed an excellent ICC for measuring the mean area, intensity, and integrated pixel intensity (all ICC > 0.89). The PW + group had significantly higher mean lesion area (p = 0.0152), mean pixel intensity (p = 0.0181), and integrated pixel intensity (p < 0.0001) compared to the PW- group. Using a sensitivity optimized threshold cut-off for mean pixel intensity, an area under the curve of 0.87 was achieved (sensitivity: 96.80% and specificity: 72.09%). Automated calculation of lesion metrics such as mean pixel intensity and segmented area in TB SLC is a novel approach with good repeatability in predicting PW during the follow-up.
Advancing bone tissue engineering one layer at a time: a layer-by-layer assembly approach to 3D bone scaffold materials
Authors: Sahebalzamani MohammadAli , Ziminska Monika , McCarthy Helen O. , Levingstone Tanya J. , Dunne Nicholas J. , Hamilton Andrew R.
Published: March 2022

The combination of multilayers for multifunctional coatings in the application of layer by layer (LbL) assembly for bone tissue engineering (BTE).
Extracellular vesicles with high dual drug loading for safe and efficient combination chemo-phototherapy
Authors: Kim Sumin , Kang Ji Hee , Nguyen Cao Thuy Giang , Kang Su Jin , Jeong Kyeongsoo , Kang Han Chang , Kwon Young Jik , Rhee Won Jong , Ko Young Tag , Shim Min Suk
Published: March 2022

Indocyanine green (ICG)- and paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded extracellular vesicles are developed to achieve safe and efficient cancer treatment through near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered combination chemo-phototherapy.
The regenerative role of biofilm in the removal of pesticides from stormwater in biochar-amended biofilters
Authors: Portmann Andrea C. , LeFevre Gregory H. , Hankawa Rennosuke , Werner David , Higgins Christopher P.
Published: March 2022

We studied the impact of a microbial biofilm on biochar-amended biofilter performance and lifetime, and the potential for leaching of pesticide transformation products.
Administration of whey protein complexed vitamin D3 to vitamin D3-deficient growing Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Jakobsen Louise M. Arildsen , He Weiwei , Ditzel Nicholas , Danielsen Marianne , Dalsgaard Trine K. , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Bollen Peter , Bertram Hanne C.
Published: March 2022

Vitamin D was complexed with whey proteins and bone turnover markers, bone strength and trabecular bone structure were evaluated to assess the effect on bone health in vitamin D deficient rats.
Enhancement of DPP-IV inhibitory activity and the capacity for enabling GLP-1 secretion through RADA16-assisted molecular designed rapeseed peptide nanogels
Authors: Xu Feiran , Xu Baocai , Chen Hong , Ju Xingrong , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira
Published: March 2022

RADA16-assisted molecular designed rapeseed peptide nanogels were used to enhance the DPP-IV inhibitory activity and the capacity for enabling GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells.
Direct dilithiation of N-aryl heterocycles for the construction of condensed N-heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Hong , Di Shu-Sheng , Huang Xiao-Bo , Zhou Yun-Bing , Liu Miao-Chang , Wu Hua-Yue
Published: March 2022

A 1,4-dilithio intermediate generated from N-aryl heterocycles reacts well with acyl chlorides to afford condensed N-heterocycles in good yields.
Recent advances in poly(ionic liquid)s for biomedical application
Authors: Liu Chunxia , Raza Faisal , Qian Hai , Tian Xin
Published: March 2022

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are polymers containing ions in their side-chain or backbone, and the designability and outstanding physicochemical properties of PILs have attracted widespread attention from researchers.
Dissolving microneedles with a biphasic release of antibacterial agent and growth factor to promote wound healing
Authors: Chen Yonghang , Yu Weijiang , Qian Xuedan , Li Xinfang , Wang Youxiang , Ji Jian
Published: March 2022

Dissolving microneedles achieved the biphasic release of ofloxacin and bFGF and were suitable for the physiological process of wound healing.
High-efficiency visible-light photocatalytic H2O2 production using CdSe-based core/shell quantum dots
Authors: Ji Wenkai , Xu Zaixiang , Zhang Shijie , Li Yang , Bao Zhikang , Zhao Zijiang , Xie Liang , Zhong Xing , Wei Zhongzhe , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2022

Quantum dots are demonstrated as photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic production of H2O2 in a designed oil/water two-phase system.
A two-dimensional Bi-based porphyrin metal–organic framework photocatalyst for white light-driven selective oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Xie Dale , Wang Sheng , Li Shihao , Yang Wenqing , Feng Yi-Si
Published: March 2022

A single crystal of a Bi-based porphyrin metal–organic framework was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. It exhibited significant photocatalytic activity for the selective oxidation of sulfides, maintaining high activity after 10 catalytic cycles.
Towards improved characterization of the fate and impact of hydraulic fracturing chemicals to better secure regional water quality
Authors: Jin Biao , Han Min , Huang Chen , Arp Hans Peter H. , Zhang Gan
Published: March 2022

New approaches to better characterize chemical contamination from hydraulic fracturing of shale and other permeable rock formations for improved risk-based management are presented.
New red-fleshed apple cultivars: a comprehensive review of processing effects, (poly)phenol bioavailability and biological effects
Authors: Yuste Silvia , Ludwig Iziar A. , Romero María-Paz , Motilva María-José , Rubió Laura
Published: March 2022

This review details the first comprehensive overview of new hybrid red-fleshed apples, mainly focusing on their (poly)phenolic composition, the effect of processing, the (poly)phenolic bioavailability and the biological effects.
Assembly of alpha-helical transmembrane pores through an intermediate state
Authors: Puthumadathil Neethu , Krishnan R Smrithi , Nair Greeshma S. , Mahendran Kozhinjampara R.
Published: March 2022

Dissecting the assembly mechanism of alpha-helical transmembrane pores through an intermediate step for nanopore technology applications and development of therapeutics.
Egg-yolk core–shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles for high doxorubicin loading and delivery to prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tiburcius Steffi , Krishnan Kannan , Jose Linta , Patel Vaishwik , Ghosh Arnab , Sathish C. I. , Weidenhofer Judith , Yang Jae-Hun , Verrills Nicole M. , Karakoti Ajay , Vinu Ajayan
Published: March 2022

A simple synthesis strategy for constructing yolk–shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles is reported for enhanced drug delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.
A reconfigurable crosslinking systemviaan asymmetric metal–ligand coordination strategy
Authors: An Xiaoming , Li Yiran , Xu Ming , Xu Zhicheng , Ma Wencan , Du Ruichun , Wan Gang , Yan Hongping , Cao Yi , Ma Ding , Zhang Qiuhong , Jia Xudong
Published: March 2022

We report an asymmetric metal–ligand coordination strategy for reconfigurable elastomers. EXAFS is first introduced to monitor the structure change in M–L crosslinked polymers during stretching at the molecular level.
Enhancement of intrinsic thermal conductivity of liquid crystalline epoxy through the strategy of interlocked polymer networks
Authors: Yuan Sheng Jie , Peng Zhong Quan , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: March 2022

The intrinsic thermal conduction of liquid crystalline epoxy can be significantly improved using the strategy of interlocked polymer networks due to the synergy among the mesogens, interlocked structure and inter-component hydrogen bonds.
Total synthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (–)-arbophyllidine
Authors: Zhai Hongbin , Wang Zhenhua , Chen Kewei , Sun Tian-Yu , Wei Jian , Wu Yun-Dong
Published: March 2022

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (–)-arbophyllidine, an unusual pentacyclic monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, has been achieved.
Nano-silver functionalized spherical activated carbon with enhanced dipropyl sulfide adsorption capacity and antibacterial properties
Authors: Yang Zhilian , Zhang Tianhao , Ren Jiarui , Li Jiawen , Ge Jianlong , Shan Haoru , Ji Tao , Xu Mingshen , Liu Qixia
Published: March 2022

A kind of functional composite was prepared by loading silver nanoparticles firmly on the surface of spherical activated carbon, which showed chemical adsorption properties for chemical warfare agents and satisfactory antibacterial activity.
Synthesis of double perovskite and quadruple perovskite nanocrystals through post-synthetic transformation reactions
Authors: Yang Hanjun , Cai Tong , Dube Lacie , Chen Ou
Published: March 2022

Lead-free perovskite nanocrystals are synthesized by post-synthetic transformation reactions. The post-synthetic transformations show the structural flexibility of zero-dimensional perovskite nanocrystal materials.
Strategies for boosting the activity of single-atom catalysts for future energy applications
Authors: Che Wei , Tao Tao , Baek Jong-Beom
Published: March 2022

Scaffolds in the graphic indicate active sites of SACs. Ideal active sites come from a tenon-and-mortise structure and highlight that the most active SACs require various strategies to achieve synergy, building on a foundation of mutual promotion, restriction, and balance.
Vacancy-engineered CeO2/Co heterostructure anchored on the nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheet arrays vertically grown on carbon cloth as an integrated cathode for the oxygen reduction reaction of rechargeable Zn–air battery
Authors: Li Shuxin , Zhang Han , Wu Lin , Zhao Hongwei , Li Lixiang , Sun Chengguo , An Baigang
Published: March 2022

A unique integrated cathode of Co/CeO2–NCNA@CC, which displays high power density and superior cycling stability has been constructed for Zn–air battery applications.
A tumour microenvironment-mediated Bi2−xMnxO3 hollow nanospheres via glutathione depletion for photothermal enhanced chemodynamic collaborative therapy
Authors: Ma Xuke , Chen Benjin , Wu Haitao , Jin Qianqian , Wang Wanni , Zha Zhengbao , Qian Haisheng , Ma Yan
Published: March 2022

Bi2−xMn2O3 bimetallic oxides have been successfully synthesized for effectively killing the tumour tissue under the combined treatment of PTT and CDT, which show good photothermal conversion ability and GSH depletion.
The asymptotic analysis of novel coronavirus disease via fractional-order epidemiological model
Authors: Khan Tahir , Ahmad Saeed , Ullah Rahman , Bonyah Ebenezer , Ansari Khursheed J.
Published: March 2022

We develop a model and investigate the temporal dynamics of the transmission of the novel coronavirus. The main sources of the coronavirus disease were bats and unknown hosts, which left the infection in the seafood market and became the major cause of the spread among the population. Evidence shows that the infection spiked due to the interaction between humans. Hence, the formulation of the model proposed in this study is based on human-to-human and reservoir-to-human interaction. We formulate the model by keeping in view the esthetic of the novel disease. We then fractionalize it with the application of fractional calculus. Particularly, we will use the Caputo–Fabrizio operator for fractionalization. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of the well-known fixed point theory. Moreover, it will be proven that the considered model is biologically and mathematically feasible. We also calculate the threshold quantity (reproductive number) to discuss steady states and to show that the particular epidemic model is stable asymptotically under some restrictions. We also discuss the sensitivity analysis of the threshold quantity to find the relative impact of every epidemic parameter on the transmission of the coronavirus disease. Both the global and local properties of the proposed model will be analyzed for the developed model using the mean value theorem, Barbalat’s lemma, and linearization. We also performed some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical work via some graphical representations.
The oxygen initial dip in the brain of anesthetized and awake mice
Authors: Aydin Ali-Kemal , Verdier Camille , Chaigneau Emmanuelle , Charpak Serge
Published: March 2022

Significance

Sensory stimulation generates a robust decrease in oxygen concentration (pO
2
initial dip) in brain tissue of anesthetized cats and rodents. This dip reports local activation of neurons much better than the delayed pO
2
increase associated with functional hyperemia. Here, we reinvestigated the issue in animals that recovered from acute surgery using two-photon lifetime microscopy. Targeting a distinct neuronal network that is the site of strong activation and energy consumption, we show that in anesthetized animals the pO
2
initial dip is present but extremely small in juxtasynaptic capillaries. In awake animals, it is no longer detectable in vessels or in the neuropil. This demonstrates that in healthy animals, neurovascular coupling is too fast and efficient to reveal a pO
2
initial dip.
'Not in my stairway': how do neighbours cope with peer-to-peer rentals in housing cooperatives?
Authors: Gyimóthy Szilvia
Published: March 2022

This chapter approaches resilience as a problem-solving practice in neighbourhood communities, by discussing how peer-to-peer (P2P)-accommodation platform rentals have been embraced in a Nordic context. I review the evolution and cultural history of Danish housing cooperative movements as mundane hotbeds of participatory democracy and argue that everyday Nordic practices of cohabitation are signifcant for building resilience. Departing from the notion of the community as performatively constituted, I provide a brief illustration of how neighbourhoods are enacted in residents' images or notions of cohesion as well as of shared values, practices and spaces. Based on empirical illustrations from disputes concerning P2P rentals and construction of private balconies in Copenhagen, my position is that neighbourhood conficts challenge, but may also enhance, societal cohesion, because they revive discussions about the rights and duties of community members.
In-situ CLSM characterization of deformation and fracture behavior of (Cu, Cr) metal thin films on flexible substrates
Authors: Xue Xiuli , Zeng Chaofeng , Wang Shibin , Li Linan
Published: March 2022

Magnetron sputter deposited Cu thin films on an insulating polymer substrate such as polyimide are frequently used as flexible printed circuits. Understanding the tensile behavior of films deposited on polymer substrates is critical to optimize them for applications requiring flexibility. In this study, single layer copper, chromium (Cu, Cr) films, and Cu/Cr bilayer films were deposited on flexible polyimide substrates by magnetron sputtering. The mechanical behavior of these systems was investigated under tensile loading using the advanced in situ confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) technique. The results demonstrate that the buckled shapes, crack density and crack spacing are closely related to the film material and film thickness. The Cr interlayer greatly influences the cracking behavior of the overlying ductile Cu film. Moreover, the in situ tensile experiments indicate that the crack density of the film is obviously related to the loading rate. The findings in this work provide a qualitative guidance for the material selection and structural optimization of metal-based single layer and bilayer flexible electronics.
Sensitivity enhancement of the tactile sensor based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods modified by catalytic Au nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yurong , Zhu Lin , Xiang Yinxue , Li Ming
Published: March 2022

Flexible piezoelectric tactile sensor with transverse planar electrodes based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) was presented by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as flexible substrate and packaging material. The effects of the content of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) added into the precursor solution on the structural morphology of ZnO NRs and on the piezoelectric properties of the ZnO NRs tactile sensor were investigated. Tactile sensors show a linear piezoelectric response in the pressure range of 0–1 N, and the sensor for the precursor solution with AuNPs of 100 μl shows a high sensitivity of 1.42 V N−1 due to the large aspect ratio of the ZnO NRs, indicating that a small amount of AuNPs addition can optimize the structural morphology of ZnO NRs and thus improve the piezoelectric response of the sensor. Meanwhile, the sensor is employed to monitor human information in real-time such as bending/stretching motion of finger and distinguish various objects.
Effect of powder lubrication on wear characteristics of silicon nitride during sliding at high temperature
Authors: Wang Zhishuang , Li Songhua , Sun Jian , Wang Junhai , Zhang Lixiu , Wei Chao , Xia Zhongxian , Zhang Xinyi , Yang Jiaxing
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the tribological characteristics of Si3N4 friction pairs at high temperature, graphite powder, h-BN powder and MoS2 powder with excellent lubricating properties were added between the friction pairs. The friction and wear experiments of different powder adding stages (initial adding stage and stable friction stage) and different temperature gradients (25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C) were carried out on the friction and wear tester. After the experiment, the worn surface was observed by SEM and ultra-depth microscope, and the lubricating powder before and after friction was analyzed by XRD. Combined with the friction coefficient recorded during the experiment, the friction reduction mechanism of powder lubrication under different conditions was analyzed and summarized. The results show that the three kinds of powder all have the best lubrication effect at the initial stage of addition. With the increase of temperature, the film-forming ability of graphite powder and h-BN powder decreases, and MoS2 powder is little affected. Therefore, the key to lubrication and wear reduction is to form a dense, stable and not easily damaged lubricating film during friction. How to form the lubricating film more easily and how to improve the performance of the lubricating film will become the next research focus.
Long term dynamics of surface fluctuation in a peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Imran Yazid , Melling Lulie , Wong Guan Xhuan , Hatano Ryusuke , Inoue Takashi , Aeries Edward Baran , Goh Kah Joo , Mah Darrien Yau Seng
Published: March 2022

Tropical peatland is a complex and globally important wetland ecosystem, storing an enormous amount of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon from centuries of organic material accumulation. In this ecosystem, peat swamp forests developed over an ombrogenous peat where hydrology influences its physico-chemical properties, one of which is fluctuation of the peat surface. While several studies of tropical peatland surface fluctuation have been reported, most are based on relatively short measurement periods or focused on drained areas. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the long-term dynamics of peat surface fluctuation from an undrained peat swamp forest in relation to its water table depth. Peat surface level, water table, and rainfall were measured monthly at three experimental sites in a peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia over a period of about 10 years (2011–2020). The sites were different in soil structure and vegetation community; namely mixed peat swamp, Alan Batu, and Alan Bunga forests. Throughout the measurement period the peat surface in all sites exhibited consistent oscillating movement that generally follow the fluctuation of water table, with swelling and subsidence occurring after water table increase following high rainfall and receding water during dry spells respectively. Positive linear relationships were also found between peat surface level and water table (p < 0.05). Both the surface level and water table at all sites fell to their lowest during an intense dry period in 2019. Surface fluctuation at the Alan Batu site was most affected by seasonal changes in water table, which may be due to presence of vacant zones in the peat profile.
Algorithms for fundamental invariants and equivariants of finite groups
Authors: Hubert Evelyne , Rodriguez Bazan Erick
Published: March 2022

For a finite group, we present three algorithms to compute a generating set of invariants simultaneously to generating sets of basic equivariants,i.e.,equivariants for the irreducible representations of the group. The main novelty resides in the exploitation of the orthogonal complement of the ideal generated by invariants. Its symmetry adapted basis delivers the fundamental equivariants.

Fundamental equivariants allow to assemble symmetry adapted bases of polynomial spaces of higher degrees, and these are essential ingredients in exploiting and preserving symmetry in computations. They appear within algebraic computation and beyond, in physics, chemistry and engineering.

Our first construction applies solely to reflection groups and consists in applying symmetry preserving interpolation, as developed by the same authors, along an orbit in general position. The fundamental invariants can be read off the H-basis of the ideal of the orbit while the fundamental equivariants are obtained from a symmetry adapted basis of an invariant direct complement to this ideal in the polynomial ring.

The second algorithm takes as input primary invariants and the output provides not only the secondary invariants but also free bases for the modules of basic equivariants. These are constructed as the components of a symmetry adapted basis of the orthogonal complement, in the polynomial ring, to the ideal generated by primary invariants.

The third and main algorithm proceeds degree by degree, determining the fundamental invariants as forming a H-basis of the Hilbert ideal,i.e.,the polynomial ideal generated by the invariants of positive degree. The fundamental equivariants are simultaneously computed degree by degree as the components of a symmetry adapted basis of the orthogonal complement of the Hilbert ideal.
Emergent dynamics of a three-node regulatory network explain phenotypic switching and heterogeneity: a case study of Th1/Th2/Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Duddu Atchuta Srinivas , Majumdar Sauma Suvra , Sahoo Sarthak , Jhunjhunwala Siddharth , Jolly Mohit Kumar
Published: March 2022

A mechanistic mathematical model investigates the coupled transcription-epigenetic dynamics to elucidate transition rates among phenotypes during helper T-cell differentiation as a function of mutual repression among the three master regulators.
Three-Dimensional Perioral Assessment Following Subnasal Lip Lift
Authors: Patel Anmol A , Schreiber Jillian E , Gordon Alexandra R , Mehta Karan , Mikolasko Brian D , Levine Jonathan B , Tepper Oren M
Published: March 2022

Background

The subnasal lip lift is a surgical technique that elevates the “lip line” (interface between vertical maxillary incisor height and upper lip) to achieve a more youthful aesthetic.

Objectives

The authors sought to offer the first ever definition, to their knowledge, of 3-dimensional (3D) changes to the upper lip due to subnasal lip lift.

Methods

A lip lift procedure was performed (on cadaveric samples) in a sequential manner from 2.5- to 5.0-mm intervals (n = 13). 3D photographs were taken with the VECTRA H1 system (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ), and 3D analysis was performed including vermillion height and width, philtral height, sagittal lip projection, vermillion surface area, and incisor show. A subset of samples (n = 9) underwent a modification of the technique by undermining the upper lip subcutaneous tissue off the underlying muscular fascia.

Results

Vermillion surface area (baseline range, 1.45-5.52 cm2) increased by an average of 20.5% and 43.1% with 2.5-mm and 5.0-mm lip lift, respectively. Anterior projection of the vermillion increased in all cases by an average of 2.13 and 4.07 mm at 2.5 and 5.0 mm, respectively. Philtral height decreased in all cases by an average of 3.37 and 7.23 mm at 2.5 and 5.0 mm, whereas incisal show increased on average of 1.9 and 4.09 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

This study is the first to our knowledge to define the 3D morphometric changes to the upper lip following subnasal lip lift. Quantifying these changes aids the surgeon in preoperative planning and guiding patient expectations.
PSSMCOOL: a comprehensive R package for generating evolutionary-based descriptors of protein sequences from PSSM profiles
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Zahiri Javad , Mohammadi Saber , Khodarahmi Mohsen , Arab Seyed Shahriar
Published: March 2022

Position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), also called profile, is broadly used for representing the evolutionary history of a given protein sequence. Several investigations reported that the PSSM-based feature descriptors can improve the prediction of various protein attributes such as interaction, function, subcellular localization, secondary structure, disorder regions, and accessible surface area. While plenty of algorithms have been suggested for extracting evolutionary features from PSSM in recent years, there is not any integrated standalone tool for providing these descriptors. Here, we introduce PSSMCOOL, a flexible comprehensive R package that generates 38 PSSM-based feature vectors. To our best knowledge, PSSMCOOL is the first PSSM-based feature extraction tool implemented in R. With the growing demand for exploiting machine-learning algorithms in computational biology, this package would be a practical tool for machine-learning predictions.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Metabolites for Skeletal Muscle Mass in Early Postmenopausal Chinese Women
Authors: Liu Huimin , Lin Xu , Gong Rui , Shen Hui , Qu Zhihao , Zhao Qi , Shen Jie , Xiao Hongmei , Deng Hongwen
Published: March 2022

Low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is a crucial component of the sarcopenia phenotypes. In the present study, we aim to identify the specific metabolites associated with SMM variation and their functional mechanisms of decreased SMM in early postmenopausal women. We performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis in 430 early postmenopausal women to identify specific metabolite associated with skeletal muscle mass indexes (SMIes). Then, the potential causal effect of specific metabolite on SMM variation was accessed by one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Finally, in vitro experiments and transcriptomics bioinformatics analysis were conducted to explore the impact and potential functional mechanisms of specific metabolite on SMM variation. We detected 65 metabolites significantly associated with at least one SMI (variable importance in projection > 1.5 by partial least squares regression and p < .05 in multiple linear regression analysis). Remarkably, stearic acid (SA) was negatively associated with all SMIes, and subsequent MR analyses showed that increased serum SA level had a causal effect on decreased SMM (p < .05). Further in vitro experiments showed that SA could repress myoblast’s differentiation at mRNA, protein, and phenotype levels. By combining transcriptome bioinformatics analysis, our study supports that SA may inhibit myoblast differentiation and myotube development by regulating the migration, adhesion, and fusion of myoblasts. This metabolomics study revealed specific metabolic profiles associated with decreased SMM in postmenopausal women, first highlighted the importance of SA in regulating SMM variation, and illustrated its potential mechanism on decreased SMM.
Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Low-Voltage Fourth-Degree Electrical Burn Injury With Immediate Radial Nerve Palsy at the Elbow: A Case Report
Authors: Lai Yen-Shuo , Lee Yao-Chou
Published: March 2022

While high-voltage electrical injuries usually cause severe burn wounds and axonal polyneuropathy, low-voltage electrical injuries cause limited cutaneous wounds and demyelinating mononeuropathy, of which the median and ulnar nerves are the most commonly involved. We present the case of a 42-year-old man who suffered a 480-voltage electrical injury at his right elbow, resulting in a 24 × 10 cm fourth-degree burn wound and immediate radial nerve palsy. The burn wound was debrided with confirmation and preservation of radial nerve continuity. The wound was covered with a free anterolateral thigh flap and it healed uneventfully. The Tinel’s sign continued to advance at follow-up, and electrodiagnostic studies showed progressive reinnervation. His radial nerve function recovered completely in 9 months. This is a rare case of low-voltage electrical injury with a fourth-degree burn wound and immediate radial nerve palsy. We treated the wound aggressively with early debridement and prompt flap coverage, but conservatively treated the radial nerve injury. The nerve recovery course indicates that it had a “shocked-cooked” injury and served itself as a well-placed nerve graft for the subsequent regeneration. We believe that our successful outcome in this case can provide more insights into the management of such injuries.
Decoupling the impact of biodiversity and environmental factors on the biomass and biomass growth of trees in subtropical forests
Authors: Tiwari Ravi Mohan , Liu Jinliang , Xie Yuchu , Yao Shenhao , Liu Shenglong , Wu Sumei , Liu Julian , Qian Haiyuan , Lei Zupei , Zhang Hongwei , Zhong Lei , Wei Boliang , Yu Mingjian
Published: March 2022

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has become a central issue in any forest ecosystem. However, there are few studies on the interaction of environmental factors based on the history of subtropical forest disturbance. In this study, we intended to disentangle the relationship between different aspects of biodiversity and biomass or biomass change when considering the environmental factors of 34 subtropical forest plots in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. We used linear models to analyze the effects of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plot level of tree biomass and its growth with or without environmental factors. Taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, rather than phylogenetic diversity, showed significant correlations with biomass and biomass growth. We further found that there was a positive linear relationship between biomass or biomass growth and mean annual temperature and altitude. In addition, the relationship between biomass growth and functional diversity was significantly stronger than the relationship between biomass growth and phylogenetic diversity or taxonomic diversity when environmental factors and stand developmental stages were considered. Our results suggested that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is dependent upon the selection of diversity index and environmental conditions.