bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new syntopic species of glassfrogs (Amphibia, Centrolenidae, Centrolene) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Yánez-Muñoz Mario H. , Sánchez-Nivicela Juan C. , Ron Santiago R.
Published: May 2023

We describe two new species of glassfrogs of the genus Centrolene living in syntopy at La Enramada, province of Azuay, southwestern Ecuador. They were found in a small creek in montane evergreen forests at 2,900 m elevation. The first new species is distinguished from all other members of the genus Centrolene by having the following combination of characters: dentigerous process of vomer absent; sloping snout in lateral view; thick, white labial stripe and a faint white line between the lip and anterior ¼ of body; humeral spine in adult males; parietal peritoneum covered by iridophores, visceral peritonea translucent (except pericardium); ulnar and tarsal ornamentation; dorsal skin shagreen with dispersed warts; uniform green dorsum with light yellowish green warts; and green bones. The new species is remarkable by being sister to a species from the opposite Andean versant, C. condor. The second new species is distinguished from all other Centrolene by having the following combination of characters: dentigerous process of vomer absent; round snout in lateral view; thin, yellowish labial stripe with a row of white tubercles between the lip and arm insertion, and a yellowish line between arm insertion and groin; uniform green dorsum; humeral spine in adult males; parietal peritoneum covered by iridophores, visceral peritonea translucent (except pericardium); dorsal skin shagreen with dispersed spicules; ulnar and tarsal ornamentation; and green bones. The second new species is sister to C. sabini and an undescribed species of Centrolene from southeastern Ecuador. Based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, we present a new phylogeny for Centrolene and comment on the phylogenetic relationships inside the genus.
Botanical characteristics, chemical components, biological activity, and potential applications of mangosteen
Authors: Bi Chenchen , Xu Hang , Yu Jingru , Ding Zhinan , Liu Zheng
Published: May 2023

Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen), a functional food, belongs to the Garcinaceae family and has various pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. Mangosteen has abundant chemical constituents with powerful pharmacological effects. After searching scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI, we summarized the traditional applications, botanical features, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of mangosteen. Further, we revealed the mechanism by which it improves health and treats disease. These findings provide a theoretical basis for mangosteen’s future clinical use and will aid doctors and researchers who investigate the biological activity and functions of food.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of abiotic stress responsive GRAS family genes in oat (Avena sativa)
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhou Qingping , Wang Hui , Chen Youjun , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Junchao
Published: May 2023

Background

GRAS transcription factors play a variety of functions in plant growth and development and are named after the first three transcription factors GAI (GIBBERRELLICACIDINSENSITIVE), RGA (REPRESSOROFGAI), and SCR (SCARECROW) found in this family. Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important forage grasses in the world. However, there are few reports on the GRAS gene family in oat.

Methods

In order to understand the information and expression pattern of oat GRAS family members, we identified the GRAS members and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and expression pattern in oat by bioinformatics technology.

Results

The results showed that the oat GRAS family consists of 30 members, and most of the AsGRAS proteins were neutral or acidic proteins. The phylogenetic tree divided the oat GRAS members into four subfamilies, and each subfamily has different conservative domains and functions. Chromosome location analysis suggested that 30 GRAS genes were unevenly distributed on five chromosomes of oat. The results of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that some AsGRAS genes (AsGRAS12, AsGRAS14, AsGRAS21, and AsGRAS24) were all up-regulated with increasing stress treatment time.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research into the corresponding stress of oat. Therefore, further studies concentrating on these AsGRAS genes might reveal the many roles played by GRAS genes in oat.
Association between INHA gene polymorphisms and litter size in Hainan black goats
Authors: Bian Zhengyu , Li Kunpeng , Chen Si , Man Churiga , Wang Fengyang , Li Lianbin
Published: May 2023

Background

The inhibin alpha (INHA) gene is one of the important genes affecting the reproductive traits of animals. Hainan black goats are the main goat breed in Hainan Island (China), whose development is limited by low reproductive performance. However, the relationship between INHA gene and the reproductive performance of Hainan black goats is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to explore the effect of INHA gene polymorphisms on the litter size of Hainan black goats.

Methods

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of INHA were detected, and the genetic parameters and haplotype frequency of these SNPs were calculated and association analysis was performed for these SNPs with the litter size. Finally, the SNP with significant correlations to litter size was analyzed by Bioinformatics tools.

Results

The results showed that the litter size of individuals with the AC genotype at loci g.28317663A>C of INHA gene was significantly higher than those with the AA genotype. This SNP changed the amino acid sequence, which may affect the function of INHA protein by affecting its structure. Our results suggest that g.28317663A>C loci may serve as a potential molecular marker for improving the reproductive traits in Hainan black goats.
Examining the Welfare System Expenses in Vietnam: Analysis of Total Expenses and Population Trends in 2011-2018
Authors: Vrba Jan , Huynh Thi Ngoc Quynh
Published: May 2023

The welfare system is a critical aspect of any society, aimed at providing assistance and support to individuals and families in need. The main objective is to examine Vietnam's welfare system expenses and population trends between 2011 and 2018 to understand the challenges and opportunities of providing effective welfare programs. The Ratio Indicator is analysed using averages, means, growths, coefficients, and other means. The results show that the total welfare system expenses have been increasing from 2012 to 2013, with the most significant increase between 2012 and 2013 when the total Welfare System expenses increased by 10,864,663 mil. VND. The average welfare system expense growth on one citizen per year in the monitored period was 15,371 VND per year with an average growth coefficient of 1.055 per year. The analysis has limitations since it does not consider those without social security benefits; therefore, this study should be taken as a mean value. Also, Vietnam's geographical location makes it challenging to account for natural catastrophes and other factors that affect the welfare system.
Landslide Measurement in Glendroud Region (From the Central Part of Noor City) in Mazandaran Province Iran by Using Remote Sensing and Radar Interferometry Techniques
Authors: Karimi Shokoufeh , Saravahidi  , Zadeh Vahid hatam , Nouri Paniz , Afshinfar Afshin
Published: May 2023

Studying and monitoring the amount of displacement caused by changes in the shape of the earth's surface is one of the important and practical studies in various topics of geology and geophysics, which plays a significant role in the prevention and behavior of natural disasters such as earthquakes, subsidence, and landslides. Among them, there are various methods for geodetic measurements and monitoring of these deformations, among them the radar interferometric technique with the capabilities of producing wide, frequent and continuous ground covers, as well as high temporal and spatial resolution, is one of the techniques has become importantand significant. Landslides in the Yilagh area of GlenrodRoyan, Noor city, caused a lot of damage to some residential areas, gardens and roads of several villages in the region. Due to the movement of the earth, water and electricity have been cut off in some areas. About one kilometer of the north-south road has been destroyed and the most damage has been done to the houses of Foulad welfare complex. After passing through a long period (more than 60 years) of drought, the country of Iran has faced various risks in recent years, especially in 2018 and 2019, including floods and landslides. The aim of this thesis is to obtain the amount of displacements caused by the landslide in Glenrod region in 2019 using sentinel-1 satellite images by using the differential radar interferometry method using snap software. In this regard, from 4 satellite images It has been used during the years 2019-2020, and according to the results obtained, the largest landslide during the second period was 15 cm, which is based on the information obtained from the mapping organization and the opinion of geologists and experts in the region who stated that the largest displacement in area under report was March 2019 and it matches with the findings carried out by the present authors.
Engineering Route for Stretchable, 3D Microarchitectures of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Truong Thanh‐An , Nguyen Tuan Khoa , Huang Xinghao , Ashok Aditya , Yadav Sharda , Park Yoonseok , Thai Mai Thanh , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Fallahi Hedieh , Peng Shuhua , Dimitrijev Sima , Toh Yi‐Chin , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wang Chun Hui , Lovell Nigel Hamilton , Rogers John A. , Do Thanh Nho , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Zhao Hangbo , Phan Hoang‐Phuong
Published: May 2023

Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors have attracted significant research interest for the development of a broad range of flexible electronic applications, including wearable sensors, soft logical circuits, and long‐term implanted neuromodulators. Conventionally, these materials are grown on standard silicon substrates, and then transferred onto soft polymers using mechanical stamping processes. This technique can retain the excellent electrical properties of wide bandgap materials after transfer and enables flexibility; however, most devices are constrained by 2D configurations that exhibit limited mechanical stretchability and morphologies compared with 3D biological systems. Herein, a stamping‐free micromachining process is presented to realize, for the first time, 3D flexible and stretchable wide bandgap electronics. The approach applies photolithography on both sides of free‐standing nanomembranes, which enables the formation of flexible architectures directly on standard silicon wafers to tailor the optical transparency and mechanical properties of the material. Subsequent detachment of the flexible devices from the support substrate and controlled mechanical buckling transforms the 2D precursors of wide band gap semiconductors into complex 3D mesoscale structures. The ability to fabricate wide band gap materials with 3D architectures that offer device‐level stretchability combined with their multi‐modal sensing capability will greatly facilitate the establishment of advanced 3D bio‐electronics interfaces.
Advanced Design of High‐Performance Moist‐Electric Generators
Authors: Cao Ying , Xu Bingang , Li Zihua , Fu Hong
Published: May 2023

In recent years, a rapidly growing demand is witnessed for energy‐conversion technologies. The moisture‐electric generators (MEGs) which can generate electricity without need of mechanical, thermal, or solar energy input have great potential in meeting the demand. Compared with carbon materials, hydrogels and other materials like vitrimers have been rapidly developed for MEGs over the last two years, leading to significant breakthrough in MEG's performance such as much wider working range of humidity, remarkably higher output, and longer duration. Designs of MEGs have also been advanced with elaborated consideration of active material and device structures. Though some reviews present the recent development from their unique aspects, reviews in the view of advanced design for MEGs are few. Here, the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of MEG devices, reflecting advanced design for moist‐induced power generating systems. First, background and mechanisms are briefed, and then most important considerations for active material design are illustrated together with solutions to the shortcomings of materials. Next, strategies are summarized to obtain MEG devices with high output performance by taking the whole power generating process into consideration, after which, the design thought for future MEGs is proposed. Finally, some perspectives are put forward.
Fully Biogenic Near‐Infrared Phosphors: Phycobiliproteins and Cellulose at Force Toward Highly Efficient and Stable Bio‐Hybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hasler Marco , Patrian Marta , Banda‐Vázquez Jesús A. , Ferrara Sara , Stiel Andre C. , Fuenzalida‐Werner JP , Costa Rubén D.
Published: May 2023

Stable/efficient low‐energy emitters for photon down‐conversion in bio‐hybrid light‐emitting diodes (Bio‐HLEDs) are still challenging, as the archetypal fluorescent protein (FP) mCherry has led to the best deep‐red Bio‐HLEDs with poor stabilities: 3 h (on‐chip)/160 h (remote). Capitalizing on the excellent refolding under temperature/pH/chemical stress, high brightness, and high compatibility with polysaccharides of phycobiliproteins (smURFP), first‐class low‐energy emitting Bio‐HLEDs are achieved. They outperform those with mCherry regardless of using reference polyethylene oxide (on‐chip: 24 h vs. 3 h) and new biopolymer hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC; on‐chip: 44 h vs. 3 h) coatings. Fine optimization of smURFP‐HPC‐coatings leads to stable record devices (on‐chip: 2600 h/108 days) compared to champion devices with perylene diimides (on‐chip: <700 h) and artificial FPs (on‐chip: 35 h). Finally, spectroscopy/computational/thermal assays confirm that device degradation is related to the photo‐induced reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin. Overall, this study pinpoints a new family of biogenic emitters toward superior protein‐based lighting.
Surface Self‐Reconstruction of Fe‐Ni3S2 Electrocatalyst for Value‐Generating Nitrile Evolution Reaction to Drive Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Sun Lingzhi , Zhou Zhaoyu , Xie Yanan , Zheng Jingui , Pan Xun , Li Lina , Zhao Guohua
Published: May 2023

Thermodynamically favorable electrooxidation of organics coupled with hydrogen production as an alternative to overall water splitting is rapidly developing due to low energy consumption and high value. But understanding the relationship between catalyst reconstruction and performance in depth remains a challenge. Herein, DFT calculations are used as a theoretical guide to adjust the local coordination environment and electronic structure of Ni3S2 by Fe doping, which promotes the self‐reconstruction of catalyst and nitrile evolution reaction performance. The overall reaction of benzylamine electrooxidation coupled with hydrogen production achieves a 14.5‐fold improvement in hydrogen production compared to water electrolysis at the same potential, almost completely converting benzylamine to high‐value benzonitrile (99% product yield). In situ spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy demonstrate that the excellent electrocatalytic performance due to Fe doping induces surface self‐reconstruction of Ni3S2 to NiOOH at low potential, and significantly reduces the rate‐determining step energy barriers for CN bonds to CN bonds. This work provides theoretical guidance in designing and preparing efficient catalysts for the electrosynthesis of nitrile compounds coupled with hydrogen production.
Solvation Engineering Enables High‐Voltage Lithium Ion and Metal Batteries Operating Under −50 and 80 °C
Authors: Wang Aoxuan , Song Yuening , Zhao Zhengfei , Li Xi , Hu Zhenglin , Luo Jiayan
Published: May 2023

Extreme temperatures (<‐20 °C or >50 °C) would seriously impair the performance of lithium batteries through deteriorating bulk ion transport and electrode interfaces. Here, a rational design of weak solvent and anti‐solvent combination is presented for wide‐temperature electrolytes. The weak solvent provides accelerated desolvation kinetics of Li+ around the anode region, while the anti‐solvent not only functions as an antifreeze agent for smooth ion migration at low temperatures but also interacts with the weak solvent to boost the formation of ionic aggregates. The weak and anti‐solvent electrolyte (WAE) exerts excellent compatibility with both lithium metal and graphite. Under −40 °C, Li anode delivers 98.5% Coulombic efficiency and graphite outputs capacity over 230 mAh g‐1. Lithium‐ion/metal batteries by pairing graphite anode with LiCoO2 cathode with a negative to positive capacity ratio of 0.75 can realize steady operation at −50 °C with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Lithium metal batteries with 4.2 mAh cm‐2 high LiCoO2 cathode loading and 50 µm thin lithium anode deliver 73.8% capacity output at −40 °C. Besides, the cells are stable up to 80 °C with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7%. This research demonstrates a relatively loose Li+ solvation environment in WAE systems and provides wide‐temperature electrolyte for high‐performance lithium ion and metal batteries.
Metabolic Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment with Biohybrid Bacterial Bioreactor for Enhanced Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Zi‐Yi , Zhang Cheng , An Jia‐Xin , Wang Yu‐Zhang , Qiao Ji‐Yan , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: May 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by specific chemotherapeutic agents is often hampered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a bacterial bioreactor E@Fe‐DOX, is developed, to enhance ICD‐mediated antitumor immunity by in situ manipulation of tumor metabolism‐immune interactions. The E@Fe‐DOX bioreactor is constructed by depositing doxorubicin‐loaded iron‐polyphenol nanoparticles on Eubacterium hallii, which can specifically target hypoxic tumor regions and release doxorubicin and Fe3+ to induce ICD. In addition, Eubacterium hallii can continuously convert intratumoral lactate to butyrate, which inhibits the polarization of pro‐tumoral M2‐like macrophages and improves the function of tumor‐infiltrating cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, E@Fe‐DOX promotes the formation of immune cell‐aggregated tertiary lymph structures (TLS) to augment ICD‐induced antitumor immunity. In murine tumor models, E@Fe‐DOX significantly inhibits tumor growth and enhances immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Overall, the developed living biomaterial offers a promising strategy to potentiate cancer chemo‐immunotherapy by continuously regulating the intratumoral immuno‐metabolic microenvironment.
Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Hybrid Artificial Photosynthesis Induced by Organic Semiconductors with Controlled Surface Architectures
Authors: Jiang Zhihui , Wang Pei , Liang Guijie , Wen Xinling , Huang Guimei , Song Hui , Jiang Bo , Jin Shangbin , Xu Feiyan , Ding Xing , Kim Tae Kyu , Chen Hao , Yu Jiaguo , Ye Jinhua , Wang Shengyao
Published: May 2023

Photocatalysis is considered an effective approach for converting CO2 into high‐value‐added chemicals. However, practical implementation of this technology is limited by the efficiency and stability of photocatalysis. Herein, an interfacial control strategy is proposed to optimize the homogeneous‐heterogeneous hybrid photocatalysis by enhancing the interaction between light‐harvesting semiconductors (LHS) and molecular active centers (MAC). Based on this strategy, self‐assembled organic semiconductors with controlled surface architectures are constructed using 1,6‐bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene building blocks to act as LHS. Combining with the classical MAC, an excellent CO2 photoreduction performance is achieved with a CO turnover number of > 2980 maintaining long‐term stability with a selectivity of > 90%, and an apparent quantum yield of > 2.3%. Theoretical calculations combined with in situ and transient spectroscopy studies reveal that the optimized biphase interface dominates the synergy between the homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts. This strategy and the proposed mechanism of interactions will contribute to the design of future artificial photosynthesis systems.
Injectable 3D‐Printed Porous Scaffolds for Adipose Stem Cell Delivery and Endometrial Regeneration
Authors: Lu Shun , Wang Xiaocheng , Li Wenzhao , Zu Yan , Xiao Jian
Published: May 2023

Stem‐cell‐based therapeutic strategies are promising in the clinical treatment of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), while endometrial regeneration still hardly restores the structure and function of the endometrium because of the inadequate microenvironment for the grafted stem cells and subsequent limited therapeutic efficiency. Herein, an injectable porous hydrogel scaffold (PH scaffold) with customizable shapes is presented by using a microfluidic‐based 3D printing technique for adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) delivery to enhance endometrial regeneration. These scaffolds display a controllable interconnected porous structure, which not only facilitates the encapsulation of ADSCs within the scaffold but also supports the recovery to their original shapes after injection. Furthermore, the cell viability of the laden ADSCs is well‐maintained post‐injection, exhibiting promotive effects on cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation. Based on these features, an ADSCs‐laden PH scaffold with a hollow endometrium‐mimicking morphology is designed and in situ injected into the damaged endometrium in rats of IUAs. These results show that the ADSCs‐laden PH scaffolds can enhance functional endometrial regeneration by suppressing the inflammatory response, promoting cell proliferation, and improving vascularization. Thus, it is believed that such unique 3D‐printed porous scaffolds are promising candidates for cell delivery, which also provides a minimally‐invasive and effective strategy for endometrial regeneration.
Interfacial Regulation for 3D Printing based on Slice‐Based Photopolymerization
Authors: Wu Lei , Dong Zhichao
Published: May 2023

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, can turn computer‐aided designs into delicate structures directly and on demand by eliminating expensive molds, dies, or lithographic masks. Among the various technical forms, light‐based 3D printing mainly involved the control of polymer‐based matter fabrication and realized a field of manufacturing with high tunability of printing format, speed, and precision. Emerging slice‐ and light‐based 3D‐printing methods have prosperously advanced in recent years but still present challenges to the versatility of printing continuity, printing process, and printing details control. Herein, the field of slice‐ and light‐based 3D printing is discussed and summarized from the view of interfacial regulation strategies to improve the printing continuity, printing process control, and the character of printed results, and several potential strategies to construct complex 3D structures of distinct characteristics with extra external fields, which are favorable for the further improvement and development of 3D printing, are proposed.
Construction of Ultrastable Ultrathin Black Phosphorus Nanodisks Hybridized with Fe3O4 Nanoclusters and Iron (V)‐Oxo Complex for Efficient Potassium Storage
Authors: Xiao Yaoyao , Liu Fusheng , Shi Huan , Hou Linrui , Qin Guohui , Yuan Changzhou , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: May 2023

The practical application of metalloid black phosphorus (BP) based anodes for potassium ion batteries is mainly impeded by its instability in air and irreversible/sluggish potassium storage behaviors. Herein, a 2D composite is purposefully conceptualized, where ultrathin BP nanodisks with Fe3O4 nanoclusters are hybridized with Lewis acid iron (V)‐oxo complex (FC) nanosheets (denoted as BP@Fe3O4‐NCs@FC). The introduced electron coordinate bridge between FC and BP, and hydrophobic surface of FC synergistically assure that BP@Fe3O4‐NCs@FC is ultrastable in humid air. With the purposeful structural and componential design, the resultant BP@Fe3O4‐NCs@FC anode is endowed with appealing electrochemical performance in terms of reversible capacity, rate behavior, and long‐duration cycling stability in both half and full cells. Furthermore, the underlying formation and potassium‐storage mechanisms of BP@Fe3O4‐NCs@FC are tentatively proposed. The in‐depth insights here will provide a crucial understanding in rational exploration of advanced anodes for next‐generation PIBs.
Planar Spin Glass with Topologically Protected Mazes in the Liquid Crystal Targeting for Reconfigurable Micro Security Media
Authors: Park Geonhyeong , Choi Yun‐Seok , Kwon S. Joon , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: May 2023

The planar spin glass pattern is widely known for its inherent randomness, resulting from the geometrical frustration. As such, developing physical unclonable functions (PUFs)—which operate with device randomness—with planar spin glass patterns is a promising candidate for an advanced security systems in the upcoming digitalized society. Despite their inherent randomness, traditional magnetic spin glass patterns pose considerable obstacles in detection, making it challenging to achieve authentication in security systems. This necessitates the development of facilely observable mimetic patterns with similar randomness to overcome these challenges. Here, a straightforward approach is introduced using a topologically protected maze pattern in the chiral liquid crystals (LCs). This maze exhibits a comparable level of randomness to magnetic spin glass and can be reliably identified through the combination of optical microscopy with machine learning‐based object detection techniques. The “information” embedded in the maze can be reconstructed through thermal phase transitions of the LCs in tens of seconds. Furthermore, incorporating various elements can enhance the optical PUF, resulting in a multi‐factor security medium. It is expected that this security medium, based on microscopically controlled and macroscopically uncontrolled topologically protected structures, may be utilized as a next‐generation security system.
A Minimalistic, Synthetic Cell‐Inspired Metamaterial for Enabling Reversible Strain‐Stiffening
Authors: Taale Mohammadreza , Schmidt Målin , Taheri Fereydoon , Timmermann Michael , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine
Published: May 2023

Strain‐stiffening, i.e. the nonlinear stiffening of a material in response to a strain, is an intrinsic feature of many biological systems, including skin, blood vessels, and single cells. To avoid a mismatch in mechanical properties, synthetic materials in contact with such biological systems should also be strain‐stiffening. Conventional strain‐stiffening materials are either highly dependent on the applied strain‐rate, or only available for a limited stiffness regime. Both aspects limit the applicability of these materials. In contrast, living cells employ a dynamic strain‐stiffening mechanism that is based on the cross‐linking of cytoskeletal fibers in response to external stress. This strain‐stiffening of the cytoskeleton is mimicked in a mechanical metamaterial by a minimalistic structure consisting of parallel slats connected to backbones. Herein, it is demonstrated experimentally that the structures can be adapted such that the strain required for stiffening, the final stiffness, as well as the degree of stiffening can be tuned, particularly by combining several strain‐stiffening elements. These properties make the structure promising for the development of devices that should resemble the mechanical properties of human soft tissues, e.g., skin‐integrated flexible electronics and blood vessel grafts.
Wireless Human Motion Detection with a Highly Sensitive Wearable Pressure Sensing Technology
Authors: Yan Jinli , Liu Jie , Qu Qing , Chen Xinjian , Liu Jian , Nie Baoqing
Published: May 2023

Wireless flexible sensing devices using inductive‐capacitive (LC) resonator‐enabled transmission technologies are attractive in the areas of human motion detection, health inspection, and implantable medical devices. However, challenges remain in LC‐based wireless sensing devices, including low device sensitivity/resolution and slow signal readout speed based on sweeping excitation frequencies. Herein, an LC resonator‐based wireless pressure sensing technology (LC‐WPS) is proposed for flexible contact pressure measurements in a real‐time manner. It includes a fully flexible passive LC pressure sensor and a signal‐reading circuit for wireless communication with the sensor and real‐time data processing. The passive sensor detects external pressure by the changes in resonant frequency. Importantly, by optimizing the design of the LC resonator in the sensor, the LC‐WPS converts the pressure‐dependent resonant frequency into circuit output voltage to a great extent, achieving a high sensitivity (1.23 × 10−2 kPa−1) and resolution (54 Pa) within a pressure range of 0–15 kPa. In addition, the LC‐WPS utilizes a single operating frequency (i.e., 13.56 MHz) instead of sweeping the operating frequencies to identify the sensor resonant frequency, featuring fast and real‐time data analysis and processing. Real‐time monitoring of human motions, such as laryngeal movement, neck bending and wrist rotation, is demonstrated, verifying the applicability of the LC‐WPS in the fields of wearable medical care and sports biomechanics.
Flash Reforming Pyrogenic Carbon to Graphene for Boosting Advanced Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Teng Tao , Wu Xuan , Lu Yilin , Yu Fengbo , Jia Chao , Sun Liming , Lin Litao , He Zhelin , Gao Jie , Zhang Shicheng , Zhu Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

Biomass‐derived pyrogenic carbon is attractive for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); however, its amorphous structure limits its activation efficiency. Graphene with highly conjugated π structure possesses superior electron transport ability and thus high usefulness. However, bygone strategies are scarcely effective for reforming pyrogenic carbon to graphene. Herein, for the first time, a state‐of‐the‐art flash Joule heating (FJH) technique is showcased for reforming pyrogenic carbon to 2–5‐layer graphene. FJH current‐induced ultrahigh temperature and stress field realize instantaneous (≈10 s) regeneration of pyrogenic carbon via synchronization actions of carbonization, graphitization, and exfoliation. Meanwhile, volatilization of doped N atoms accelerates graphitization but has less of an effect on graphene configuration. Accordingly, tuned oxygen groups at the graphene edge boost peroxydisulfate (PDS) adsorption for finer initiating activation. Subsequently, 2D graphene with excellent electron utilization rate strengthens hydroxyl radical and direct electron transfer pathways in activating PDS for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. Impressively, the SMX degradation efficiency by fabricated graphene raises ≈8.9‐fold as compared with pristine pyrogenic carbon. Additionally, fabricated graphene is more efficient in PDS activation than commercial metal catalysts. Undoubtedly, this study realizes effective transformation of pyrogenic carbon to graphene for highly efficient metal‐free carbocatalyst.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 Layer on Carbon Nanotube Anodes for Potassium Ion Batteries with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Ruishuai , Zhu Hongzheng , Jiang Wenfeng , Guo Jia , Yang Dong , Liu Liang , Liu Jian
Published: May 2023

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as one of the most attractive alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy the burgeoning energy demand. The continuous growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and consumption of potassium resources cause poor initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), unstable cycling performance, and even safety issues. Herein, the fabrication of an artificial SEI of an ultrathin Al2O3 layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) anode for high‐performance PIBs is reported. The SEI resistance and the charge transfer resistance in the MWCNTs electrode are significantly reduced according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) measurements. The MWCNT electrode with a 2‐nm Al2O3 layer exhibits a much higher ICE of up to 85.9% than that of the uncoated one (20.8 %). It also maintains a remarkably high reversible capacity of 284 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. In particular, the anode delivers superior rate capability of 558, 303, 251, 203, and 154 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mA g−1, respectively. This work offers an effective approach for fabricating PIBs with high ICE and electrochemical performance.
Microsphere‐Aided Super‐Resolution Scanning Spectral and Photocurrent Microscopy for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Li Yingjian , Qiu Caiyu , Ji Huajian , Duan Siyu , Qin Feng , Li Zeya , Chen Peng , Huang Junwei , Yu Geliang , Yuan Hongtao
Published: May 2023

Dielectric microspheres naturally possess unique optical properties by which the light's focus and confinement can be manipulated on a microscale. Combining microspheres and optical or Raman microscopy, super‐resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit and enhancement of Raman signals are demonstrated to provide abundant spectroscopic information on materials. However, microsphere‐aided super‐resolution scanning photocurrent imaging remains challenging to date. Here, based on the photonic nanojet mechanism, a super‐resolution photocurrent and spectral microscopy equipped with a scanning tip with silica dielectric microspheres are presented. With such microsphere‐aided microscopy, order of magnitude enhancements for single‐point Raman and photoluminescence signals can be achieved, and the spatial resolutions for photocurrent and spectral mapping surpass the best resolution of the original confocal system restricted by the diffraction limit. This versatile system enables correlative super‐resolution spectral and photocurrent imaging, serving as a reliable tool for comprehensively understanding and uncovering the optoelectronic properties of materials.
Achieving Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors using Asymmetric Non‐Fullerene Acceptor
Authors: Lee Un‐Hak , Park Byoungwook , Rhee Seunghyun , Ha Jong‐Woon , Whang Dong Ryeol , Eun Hyeong Ju , Kim Jong H. , Shim Yeongseok , Heo Junseok , Lee Changjin , Kim Bumjoon J. , Yoon Sung Cheol , Lee Jaewon , Ko Seo‐Jin
Published: May 2023

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) based on non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have received considerable attention because of their potential for use in various commercial applications as near‐infrared (NIR) light sensing platforms. However, recent OPDs suffer from low NIR photoresponse and large dark/noise currents with narrow bandgap organic photoactive materials. Herein, a π‐bridge molecular engineering strategy replacing alkoxythienyl with benzothiadiazole for ultra‐narrow bandgap (ultra‐NBG) NFAs is designed to achieve simultaneously high photoresponse at NIR region and low noise current density, thereby leading to excellent NIR (≈1050 nm) detectivity (D*). The newly synthesized ultra‐NBG NFAs, namely COB and CBT with optical bandgaps below 1.14 eV, present high responsivity (R) with 0.369 and 0.080 A W−1, respectively, at a wavelength of 1050 nm. Especially, with effectively suppressed noise current density, COB‐based OPD exhibits a high NIR (≈1050 nm) D* value of 2.18 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at −0.5 V bias. The obtained R and D* values for these NFAs exceed or are comparable to those of a commercial Si photodetector at 1050 nm. This work provides important insight into the π‐bridge molecular engineering strategy for ultra‐NBG NFAs, which facilitate achieving highly sensitive NIR OPDs with high NIR photoresponse and low dark/noise current.
Bridging Chloride Anions Enables Efficient and Stable InP Green Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wang Lin , Cao Fan , Wang Sheng , Li Lufa , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong
Published: May 2023

ZnMgO nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in indium phosphide (InP) based quantum dots light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). It has been experimentally found that the inherent oxygen vacancy defects in ZnMgO can be passivated by halogen additives. However, an in‐depth understanding of how the halogen additives in ZnMgO affect the quantum dots (QDs) films is currently missing. Here, the study reports on efficient and stable indium phosphide (InP) green QLEDs by effectively bridging QDs and ETL using chloride (Cl) ions. As bi‐functional anchoring additives, Cl ions not only passivate the oxygen vacancy defects of ZnMgO NPs for suppressing the exciton quenching at the QDs/ZnMgO interfaces, but also facilitate the hole transport of QDs due to part replacement of insulated oleic acid ligands on the surfaces of InP QDs with Cl anions for more balanced charge injection in the devices. Consequently, the optimized green InP QLED achieves a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.8% and an operational lifetime of 5944 h, which, to the best of current knowledge, represents the best overall performance among the reported green InP QLEDs.
A Lewis Base Hydrogen Bond Donor (LB/HBD) Organocatalytic Approach to Dithiabridged Triarylamine Hetero[4]helicenes
Authors: Lupi Michela , Salmi Omar , Viglianisi Caterina , Menichetti Stefano
Published: May 2023

N‐thiophthalimido‐ arylphenothiazines 2 and triarylamines 3 can be converted to dithiabridged triarylamine hetero[4]helicenes 1 using catalytic amounts of chalcogen substituted Lewis Bases and hexafluoro isopropanol as hydrogen bond donor. The procedure occurs under mild reaction conditions and gives good yields avoiding the use of excesses of Lewis Acids as previously reported. A preliminary study about the possibility to control the M and P absolute stereochemistry of helicenes 1 using enantiopure sulfur containing LBs from the natural chiral pool is also reported.

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Divergent Hydroxysulfenylation and Chlorosulfonylation of Styrenes with Sulfinyl Chlorides Steered by Controlled Disproportionation of Sulfoxide‐Onium Ions
Authors: Liang Qingjin , Jia Tiezheng
Published: May 2023

Herein, sulfinyl chlorides and styrenes have been exploited to afford either β‐hydroxy‐phenylethyl sulfides catalyzed by homogenous ZnCl2, or β‐chloro‐phenylethyl sulfones mediated by heterogeneous CuO nanoparticles (NPs). The key to achieve such a divergent synthetic strategy is the controlled disproportionation process of sulfoxide‐onium ions, induced by different metal complexes. Owing to the mild conditions, a wide range of functional groups and heterocycles could be tolerated by both of the protocols. The mechanistic studies reveal the key role of sulfoxide‐onium ions in both of the reaction pathways, and suggest that metal‐steered disproportionation defines the oxidation state of sulfur in products.
Photothermal Controlled‐Release Immunomodulatory Nanoplatform for Restoring Nerve Structure and Mechanical Nociception in Infectious Diabetic Ulcers
Authors: Jiang Le , Wu Xiangyi , Wang Yifan , Liu Chunlin , Wu Yixian , Wang Jingyun , Xu Nan , He Zhijun , Wang Shuqin , Zhang Hao , Wang Xiumei , Lu Xiong , Tan Qian , Sun Xiaodan
Published: May 2023

Infectious diabetic ulcers (IDU) require anti‐infection, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration therapy; however, the latter has received comparatively less research attention than the former two. In particular, there have been few reports on the recovery of mechanical nociception. In this study, a photothermal controlled‐release immunomodulatory hydrogel nanoplatform is tailored for the treatment of IDU. Due to a thermal‐sensitive interaction between polydopamine‐reduced graphene oxide (pGO) and the antibiotic mupirocin, excellent antibacterial efficacy is achieved through customized release kinetics. In addition, Trem2+ macrophages recruited by pGO regulate collagen remodeling and restore skin adnexal structures to alter the fate of scar formation, promote angiogenesis, accompanied by the regeneration of neural networks, which ensures the recovery of mechanical nociception and may prevent the recurrence of IDU at the source. In all, a full‐stage strategy from antibacterial, immune regulation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis to the recovery of mechanical nociception, an indispensable neural function of skin, is introduced to IDU treatment, which opens up an effective and comprehensive therapy for refractory IDU.
X‐yne click polymerization
Authors: Fu Xinyao , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2023

Alkyne‐based click polymerizations have been nurtured into a powerful synthetic technique for the preparation of new polymers with advanced structures and versatile properties. Among them, the emerging thiol‐yne, hydroxyl‐yne, and amino‐yne click polymerizations have made remarkable progress from reactions to applications. These polymerizations avoid the usage of inherently dangerous monomers and are safer to operate than the classical azide‐alkyne click polymerization (AACP), making them more prospective for diverse applications. To greatly promote the new alkyne‐based click polymerizations beyond AACP, a new concept of “X‐yne click polymerization” is proposed to unify them, where “X” denotes the monomers that can react with alkynes under mild reaction conditions, including thiols, alcohols, amines, and other promising ones. In this review, we mainly present a brief account of the progress of X‐yne click polymerization and discuss in detail the challenges and opportunities in this field.
Supramolecularly Engineered Reporters with Superoxide Anion‐Triggered Chemiluminescence for Early Diagnosis and Efficient Amelioration of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Wu Menglin , Cui Mingyue , Jiang Airui , Sun Rong , Liu Mingzhu , Pang Xueke , Wang Houyu , Song Bin , He Yao
Published: May 2023

We report the “water‐in‐oil‐in‐water” preparation of kidney injury molecule‐1‐targeting supramolecular chemiluminescence (CL) reporters (PCCS), consisting of L‐serine‐modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA)‐encapsulated peroxyoxalate (CPPO), chlorin e6 (Ce6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), for early diagnosis and amelioration of acute kidney injury (AKI). In this system, O2⋅−, a biomarker of AKI, triggers the oxidation of CPPO to 1,2‐dioxetanedione and subsequent CL emission via CL resonance energy transfer to Ce6. The L‐serine‐modified PLGA stabilizes CPPO and Ce6 via noncovalent interactions, promoting long‐lived CL (half‐lives: ≈1000 s). Transcriptomics analysis shows that PCCS reporters reduce the inflammatory response through glutathione metabolism and inhibition of the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. The reporters are able to non‐invasively detect AKI at least 12 h earlier than current assays, and their antioxidant properties allow simultaneous treatment of AKI.
Graphene nanosheet stabilized Pickering emulsion and its polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Li Yanke , Yu Weiwei , Li Yue , Ding Yanjun , Liu Huilin , Zhang Yichuan , Guo Mingming
Published: May 2023

High thermal conductivity and electrical insulation materials are necessary for packaging materials of miniaturized electronic equipment at present. Graphene nanosheets (GNs) have great potential in polymer composites due to its excellent thermal conductivity. However, the ultra‐high conductivity of GNs will reduce the insulation of polymer composites, so that the GN composites have good thermal conductivity and electrical insulation has become the focus of research. Herein, the closed cell polystyrene nanocomposites are polymerized by using a Pickering emulsion route. Based on the exfoliating effect of pristine graphite at the oil–water interface and the amphiphilic properties of GNs during the preparation of emulsion, the resulting graphite can achieve good dispersion in the polystyrene resin. Furthermore, the high heat transfer rate of the resulting graphite makes the temperature of polystyrene resin increase by 60.2°C at room temperature within 1 min. Meanwhile, the high volume electrical resistivity (3.63 × 109 Ω·m) and breakdown strength (33.8 kV·mm−1) confirms the PNGL0.610%/PS composite keep excellent electrical insulation at 10.0 wt% filler loading.
Experimental studies on the preparation and properties of starch‐graft‐poly(hexyl acrylate) copolymers
Authors: Worzakowska Marta
Published: May 2023

The preparation and the properties such as the chemical stability, solution properties, moisture absorption, ability to gelation, glass transition temperatures, thermal stabilities and the decomposition course of starch‐graft‐poly(hexyl acrylate) copolymers have been studied. In general, it can be said that as the grafting percent increases the chemical resistance in alkaline, inert, acidic and buffer environments, and the solubility in non‐polar solvents of the copolymers increases. In turn, the solubility in polar solvents decreases compared to the solubility of starch. The Tg of starch‐g‐poly(hexyl acrylate) copolymers is in the range 102–133°C and is much higher than Tg of poly(hexyl acrylate) homopolymer. The thermal stability of all tested copolymers is higher than 274°C (inert conditions) and 230°C (oxidative conditions). In inert conditions, all tested copolymers decompose in two main stages related to pyrolysis combined with the emissions of the following volatiles: CO, CO2, H2O, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ester, furanes, aliphatic and alkene fragments. In turn, the copolymers decompose in main three stages in oxidative conditions. The emission of CO, CO2, H2O, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, aliphatic, furanes and alcohols as a result of pyrolysis, oxidation, decarboxylation, dehydration, and combustion processes was confirmed.
Liquefied petroleum gas sensing activity of betel nut fiber‐polyaniline conducting composites synthesized by time‐controlled in situ polymerization
Authors: Chutia Sudipta , Phukan Kandarpa
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we report the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing behavior of polyaniline‐betel nut fiber (PANI/BNF) composite synthesized through a one‐step in situ oxidative polymerization method using HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4 as doping acids. The deposition of emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI on betel nut filament surface is explained by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that PANI particle size decreased and the thickness of the coated PANI layer increased with reaction time. Optical band gap of Polyaniline‐Betel nut fiber composites (PB) PB‐2, PB‐4 and PB‐6 were found be 3.68, 3.37, and 2.75 eV using the Tauc plot. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that HCl‐doped PANI/BNF composites have high crystallinity and thermal stability as compared to the composites formed using H2SO4 and H3PO4. The electrical conductivity of the composites was determined by using a multimeter (Keithley Model 2000). The conducting filaments showed good resistive sensing activity toward LPG with minimum (100 ppm) 26% and maximum (1300 ppm) 44% of response sensitivity with decreasing response time and increasing recovery time. The plausible response mechanism of PANI/cellulose sensor toward LPG operating at room temperature is also discussed.