bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring coupled images fusion based on joint tensor decomposition
Authors: Lu Liangfu , Ren Xiaoxu , Yeh Kuo-Hui , Tan Zhiyuan , Chanussot Jocelyn
Published: March 2020

Data fusion has always been a hot research topic in human-centric computing and extended with the development of artificial intelligence. Generally, the coupled data fusion algorithm usually utilizes the information from one data set to improve the estimation accuracy and explain related latent variables of other coupled datasets. This paper proposes several kinds of coupled images decomposition algorithms based on the coupled matrix and tensor factorization-optimization (CMTF-OPT) algorithm and the flexible coupling algorithm, which are termed the coupled images factorization-optimization (CIF-OPT) algorithm and the modified flexible coupling algorithm respectively. The theory and experiments show that the effect of the CIF-OPT algorithm is robust under the influence of different noises. Particularly, the CIF-OPT algorithm can accurately restore an image with missing some data elements. Moreover, the flexible coupling model has better estimation performance than a hard coupling. For high-dimensional images, this paper adopts the compressed data decomposition algorithm that not only works better than uncoupled ALS algorithm as the image noise level increases, but saves time and cost compared to the uncompressed algorithm.
Public reporting on pharmaceutical industry-led access programs: alignment with the WHO medicine programs evaluation checklist
Authors: Umeh Chukwuemeka A. , Rockers Peter C. , Laing Richard , Wagh Ovi , Wirtz Veronika J.
Published: March 2020

Background

There has been increased demand for greater public accountability and transparency of private sector-led global health partnership programs. This study critically reviews and pilot tests the World Health Organization (WHO) medicine program checklist as a framework for public reporting and assessing of programs.

Methods

We reviewed each question on the WHO checklist for clarity and usability. Next, we pilot tested the subset of checklist questions focused on program assessment. We extracted and analyzed publicly available information on one randomly selected program from each of the 20 largest research-based biopharmaceutical companies. For each program, we assessed whether publicly available information allowed for an assessment of each relevant question in the checklist.

Results

Checklist questions fit in four main categories: [1] national health and development plans, needs, capacity, laws and policies; [2] financial, performance, and public accountability; [3] risk management and mitigation strategies; and [4] long-term sustainability. Nearly all (21 of 22) questions in the checklist require information best provided by companies; one question requires information best provided by governments.

Programs frequently reported on the public health needs of their programs (100%), program objectives and activities (100%) and the actual or expected program outputs (95%). There was less information on program alignment with country plans and capacity (50%), detailed program monitoring and evaluation plan (20%), risks mitigation strategies (5%), program needs assessment (5%), and additional resources required from or contributed by government (0%).

Conclusion

The WHO checklist of key considerations for evaluating proposals for access to medicine programs could be a useful framework for public reporting of program information as most of checklist questions ask for data that should be available to those leading the program. Further revisions of the WHO checklist will help refine it to improve clarity and content validity.
Demographic assessment of the Dalmatian dog – effective population size, linkage disequilibrium and inbreeding coefficients
Authors: Vasiliadis Danae , Metzger Julia , Distl Ottmar
Published: March 2020

Background

The calculation of demographic measures is a useful tool for evaluating the genomic architecture of dog breeds and enables ranking dog breeds in terms of genetic diversity. To achieve this for the German Dalmatian dog population, 307 purebred animals of this breed were genotyped on the Illumina Canine high density BeadChip. The analysis of pedigree-based inbreeding was performed based on a pedigree with 25,761 dogs including the genotyped dogs.

Results

The effective population size derived from squared correlation coefficients between SNP alleles (r2) was 69. The maximum value of r2 was 0.56, resulting in a 50% decay value of 0.28 at a marker distance of 37.5 kb. The effective population size calculated from pedigree data using individual increase in inbreeding over equivalent generations was 116. The pedigree inbreeding coefficient was 0.026. The genomic inbreeding coefficient based on the length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) was calculated for seven length categories of ROHs, and ranged from 0.08 to 0.28. The fixation coefficients FIS_PED and FIS_GENO were at 0.017 and 0.004. PANTHER statistical overrepresentation analysis of genes located in consensus ROHs revealed highly underrepresented biological processes in 50% of the investigated dogs. One of those is the 0.28 fold enriched “immune response”, which might be associated to the high prevalence of allergic dermatitis in the breed. Candidate genes for congenital sensorineural deafness (CCSD, a highly prevalent disease in the Dalmatian) were discovered in consensus ROHs.

Conclusions

The fast decay of r2 and the moderate inbreeding coefficients indicate that the German Dalmatian dog population is rather diverse. Pedigree- and genomic-based inbreeding measures were highly correlated and therefore prove good reliability for the given population. Analyses of consensus ROHs with genes coding for deafness and other breed-defining traits, such as hyperuricosuria, indicate that those ROH became fixed in the Dalmatian population about 500 years ago. In case of the Dalmatian dog, a ROH of 40 SNPs length is enough to investigate signatures of selection (e.g. the ROH with the fixed hyperuricosuria mutation) as far back as the breed formation point approximately 500 years ago.
A reporting checklist for HealthMeasures’ patient-reported outcomes: ASCQ-Me, Neuro-QoL, NIH Toolbox, and PROMIS
Authors:   on behalf of the HealthMeasures Team, Hanmer Janel , Jensen Roxanne E. , Rothrock Nan
Published: March 2020

Background

ASCQ-Me®, Neuro-QoL™, NIH Toolbox®, and PROMIS®, which are health-related quality of life measures collectively known as HealthMeasures, have experienced rapid uptake in the scientific community with over 1700 peer-reviewed publications through 2018. Because of their proliferation across multiple research disciplines, there has been significant heterogeneity in the description and reporting of these measures. Here, we provide a publication checklist to promote standardization and comparability across different reports. This checklist can be used across all HealthMeasures systems.

Checklist Development: Authors drafted a draft checklist, circulated among the HealthMeasures Steering Committee and PROMIS Health Organization until the members reached consensus.

Checklist: The final checklist has 21 entries in 4 categories: measure details, administration, scoring, and reporting. Most entries (11) specify necessary measure-specific details including version number and administration language(s). Administration (4 entries) reminds authors to include details such as use of proxy respondents and the assessment platform. Scoring (3 entries) is necessary to ensure replication and cross-study comparisons. Reporting (3 entries) reminds authors to always report scores on the T-score metric.

Conclusion

Consistent documentation is necessary to ensure transparent and reproducible methods and support the accumulation of evidence across studies. This checklist promotes standardization and completeness in documentation for ASCQ-Me, Neuro-QoL, PROMIS, and NIH Toolbox measures.
Questioning the status of aberrant speech patterns as psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Tan Eric J. , Rossell Susan L.
Published: March 2020

Speech disturbances manifest in various psychiatric conditions and demonstrate temporal variability in relation to acute and stable symptom periods. They can be externally assessed, which facilitates their potential use as an objective marker of illness stage. Continued research will have positive implications for diagnostics and long-term management in clinical settings.
Machine Learning and Mechanistic Modeling for Prediction of Metastatic Relapse in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Nicolò Chiara , Périer Cynthia , Prague Melanie , Bellera Carine , MacGrogan Gaëtan , Saut Olivier , Benzekry Sébastien
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

For patients with early-stage breast cancer, predicting the risk of metastatic relapse is of crucial importance. Existing predictive models rely on agnostic survival analysis statistical tools (eg, Cox regression). Here we define and evaluate the predictive ability of a mechanistic model for time to distant metastatic relapse.

METHODS

The data we used for our model consisted of 642 patients with 21 clinicopathologic variables. A mechanistic model was developed on the basis of two intrinsic mechanisms of metastatic progression: growth (parameter α) and dissemination (parameter μ). Population statistical distributions of the parameters were inferred using mixed-effects modeling. A random survival forest analysis was used to select a minimal set of five covariates with the best predictive power. These were further considered to individually predict the model parameters by using a backward selection approach. Predictive performances were compared with classic Cox regression and machine learning algorithms.

RESULTS

The mechanistic model was able to accurately fit the data. Covariate analysis revealed statistically significant association of Ki67 expression with α ( P = .001) and EGFR expression with μ ( P = .009). The model achieved a c-index of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.71) in cross-validation and had predictive performance similar to that of random survival forest (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.69) and Cox regression (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.67) as well as machine learning classification algorithms.

CONCLUSION

By providing informative estimates of the invisible metastatic burden at the time of diagnosis and forward simulations of metastatic growth, the proposed model could be used as a personalized prediction tool for routine management of patients with breast cancer.
A Review of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Green Angela K. , Feinberg Jacqueline , Makker Vicky
Published: March 2020

Approximately 30% of primary endometrial cancers are microsatellite instability high/hypermutated (MSI-H), and 13% to 30% of recurrent endometrial cancers are MSI-H or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR). Given the presence of immune dysregulation in endometrial cancer as described, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been explored as a therapeutic mechanism, both as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, other immunotherapy, or targeted agents. In MSI-H or dMMR advanced endometrial cancers, PD-1 inhibitors dostarlimab and pembrolizumab have shown response rates of 49% and 57%, respectively, whereas PD-L1 inhibitors avelumab and durvalumab have shown response rates of 27% and 43%, respectively. In microsatellite stable (MSS) or PD-L1–positive advanced endometrial cancers, modest activity of PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and dostarlimab and PD-L1 inhibitors atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab has been seen, with response rates ranging from 3% to 23%. Based on substantial activity in a phase Ib/II study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination therapy accelerated approval in 2019 for the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer that is not MSI-H or dMMR and has progressed following prior therapy. Although these developments have been highly impactful, a more robust understanding of the molecular and immunologic drivers of response and resistance will be critical to optimally design next-generation studies in endometrial cancer.
Kinetically Protected Carbon-Bridged Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Derivatives for Blue Color Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Bonal Víctor , Morales-Vidal Marta , Boj Pedro G , Villalvilla José M , Quintana José A , Lin Naiti , Watanabe Shoya , Tsuji Hayato , Nakamura Eiichi , Díaz-García María A
Published: March 2020

Carbon-bridged oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s (COPVn with repeating unit n = 1–6) have demonstrated great success as laser dyes for thin-film organic lasers. The excellent photostability observed in the longer homologues is, however, not present in the blue-emitting shorter compounds COPV1 and COPV2, attributed to the unprotected terminal positions that can degrade by photoreaction in the excited state. Here we report the synthesis of various COPV1 and COPV2 derivatives functionalized at the terminal positions with two types of sterically bulky protecting substituents: Tip (2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) and tert-butyl (t-Bu) groups. Such molecular designs aim at preventing such photodegradation processes and thus to improve their stability. The efficacy of kinetic isotope effect for stabilization is also examined for COPV2, by the addition at terminal positions of deuterium atoms. Absorption, photoluminescence (PL), including PL quantum yield, and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) studies have been conducted in polystyrene films doped with each of the derivatives. Significant and slight improvements of the ASE photostability are observed for the compounds with Tip groups and deuterium, respectively. Installation of substituents slightly affects the ASE wavelength within the blue spectral region, that is 385–413 nm and 462–474 nm, for COPV1 and COPV2, respectively.
Politics in the Family: Nepotism and the Hiring Decisions of Italian Firms
Authors: Gagliarducci Stefano , Manacorda Marco
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals’ labor market outcomes. Using data for Italy spanning more than three decades on a sample of almost one million individuals plus data on the universe of individuals holding political office, we show that politicians extract significant rents, in terms of private sector jobs, for their family members. We present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that this phenomenon is a form of corruption, i.e., a quid pro quo exchange between firms and politicians, although arguably an inferior substitute for easier-to-detect modes of rent appropriation on the part of politicians. (JEL D72, D73, J23, K42, M51, Z13)
Place, Peers, and the Teenage Years: Long-Run Neighborhood Effects in Australia
Authors: Deutscher Nathan
Published: March 2020

I use variation in the age at which children move to show that where an Australian child grows up has a causal effect on their adult income, education, marriage, and fertility. In doing so, I replicate the findings of Chetty and Hendren (2018a) in a country with less inequality, more social mobility, and different institutions. Across all outcomes, place typically matters most during the teenage years. Finally, I provide suggestive evidence of peer effects using cross-cohort variation in the peers of permanent postcode residents: those born into a richer cohort for their postcode tend to end up with higher incomes themselves. (JEL D63, J13, J62, R23, Z13)
Recent advances in the understanding of autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Graef Martin
Published: March 2020

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process critical for cell homeostasis with broad implications for aging and age-associated diseases. A defining feature of autophagy is the de novo formation of a specialized transient organelle, the double-membrane autophagosome. Autophagosomes originate from small vesicular precursors after rapid membrane expansion resulting in the engulfment of a broad spectrum of cytoplasmic cargoes within a few minutes for vacuolar or lysosomal degradation. Recent advances have provided exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the assembly of autophagic membranes during autophagosome biogenesis. Specifically, the phospholipid biosynthesis activity of the endoplasmic reticulum and a dedicated membrane-tethering complex between nascent autophagosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum have emerged as key factors in autophagosome formation.
An Empirical Analysis of Seller Advertising Strategies in an Online Marketplace
Authors: Sun Haoyan , Fan Ming , Tan Yong
Published: March 2020

Online marketplaces, such as Taobao, Amazon, and eBay, are increasingly adopting innovative business models such as paid advertising as an important revenue source. We study the effectiveness of two popular advertising tools, sponsored search and social media endorsement, in increasing online traffic and sales for online sellers at a retail e-commerce platform. We find that both sponsored search and social media endorsement can significantly increase traffic for sellers, with sponsored search being more effective than social media endorsement. However, only sponsored research has a positive and significant impact on sales. The two strategies also have differential effect on sellers with low and high reputations. Our findings are of great importance, as they provide additional insights into how these advertising tools can work more effectively in increasing traffic and sales for sellers with different reputation levels, thus providing important implications to guide the strategic choices for sellers as well as the platform.
NENIA – DE FORMA PRIMÁRIA E NATURAL DA EXPRESSÃO HUMANA AO GÊNERO POEMÁTICO
Authors: Azevedo Katia Teonia
Published: March 2020

Propomo-nos nesse artigo observar o percurso da nenia (nênia), gênero discursivo fúnebre, que em sua origem se associa aos rituais funerários e à tradição oral e ainda a outros elementos que reforçam a sua natureza performática e que, posteriormente, se transfigura em expressão literária escrita.
MAKARIOS: UM ESTUDO DE ETIMOLOGIA E SIGNIFICADO CULTURAL
Authors: Lima Fernanda , Fernandes Renata Ferreira
Published: March 2020

A concepção de felicidade e sua representação na vida do homem tem sido objeto de estudos dos grandes pensadores desde a Antiguidade clássica, pois ela parece mudar de significação de acordo com as pessoas e com as épocas. Levando em consideração que o Novo Testamento foi escrito a partir de um dialeto grego e que os judeus viviam sob a influência greco-romano, pretende-se tentar vislumbrar a razão pela qual o evangelista Mateus escolhe maka/rioj ao invés de eu)daimoni/a, para compor a narrativa do Sermão do Monte ou Bemaventuranças, Mt.5.1-12, uma vez que a palavra mais utilizada pelos gregos para designar o que seria a felicidade, era eu)daimoni/a. Para se chegar ao resultado pretendido dessa investigação será apresentado um estudo etimológico e sociocultural do léxico maka/rioj e uma comparação com as significações encontradas, anteriormente, para o vocábulo eu)daimoni/a, levando em consideração as famílias de palavras e suasrespectivas raízes.
Femoral shaft fractures in children with non-ambulatory neuromuscular disorders can be effectively treated using flexible intramedullary nails
Authors: Siddiqui Ali A. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Abousamra Oussama A. , Meisel Erin M. , Kay Robert M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

There is little information in the literature regarding flexible intramedullary nails (FIN) for treating femur fractures in children with neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcomes of FIN for femoral shaft fractures in non-ambulatory children with neuromuscular disorders.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on patients with femur fractures at a paediatric hospital between 2004 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were femoral shaft fracture treated with FIN. Outcomes were compared between patients with neuromuscular disorders (NM group) and a control group of those without neuromuscular disorders.

Results

A total of 37 patients with 37 femoral shaft fractures were studied (12 patients in the NM group and 25 in the control group). All NM group patients were non-ambulatory at baseline. Fractures were length stable in all 25 patients in the control group and in 2/12 (17%) patients in the NM group. All fractures healed in both groups. Three complications (all nail migrations) requiring reoperation before fracture union occurred in the NM group, yielding a major complication rate of 25% (3/12) in the NM group versus 0% (0/25) in controls (p = 0.03). Angular deformity occurred in 5/12 (42%) NM group patients and 1/25 (4%) control group patient (p = 0.009); none required reoperation.

Conclusion

Femur fractures in non-ambulatory children with neuromuscular disorders can be successfully treated with FIN. Angular deformities are common in this population, but had no functional impact in the non-ambulatory NM group patients. Surgeons must also be vigilant for implant prominence and skin breakdown in these patients.

Level of evidence

III
The fast and of low-cost-adsorbent to the removal of cationic and anionic dye using chicken eggshell with its membrane
Authors: Hevira Linda , Rahmi Azimatur , Zein Rahmiana , Zilfa Zilfa , Rahmayeni Rahmayeni
Published: March 2020

The use of the chicken eggshell with its membrane as low-cost adsorbent had been done to the removal of synthetic dyes in aqueous solution. Adsorption method in the batch system was done to adsorb Methylene Blue and Indigo Carmine as the cationic and anionic dyes. Some parameters were studied such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of dyes and mass of ES+M to find the optimum adsorption. The functional group of ES+M like hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl and thiol were used to binding the dyes. The characteristics of ES+M were determined by FTIR and XRF to analyzed functional group and elements composition before and after adsorption. The adsorption capacity optimum of ES+M to adsorb Methylene Blue was 11.54 mg/g with % RE 92.34% in 30 minutes, and Indigo Carmine was 8.04 mg/g with % RE 64.34% in 15 minutes.
Artificial neural network estimation of data and channel characteristics in free-space ultraviolet communications
Authors: Arya Sudhanshu , Ho Chung Yeon
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we develop an artificial neural network (ANN)-based algorithm for signal classification, i.e., data demodulation, and the estimation of channel characteristics, such as channel DC gain and turbulence distribution parameters, in free-space ultraviolet (UV) communication systems. In this scheme, the ANN-based receiver adaptively tracks the UV channel variation and is directly trained using the data generated from UV channel models. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm across all turbulence regimes, log-normal, Gamma–Gamma, and negative exponentially distributed UV turbulence channels are considered. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is robust to perform accurate and reliable signal classification and UV channel estimation without knowing underlying UV channel models or channel state information (CSI). In addition, time complexity analysis is presented. It is shown that, even under the strong turbulence regime, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is found to be higher than 97% in terms of correct classification. It is also demonstrated that the classification error rate performance of the proposed ANN-based detector is superior to that of a maximum-likelihood (ML)-based detector with perfect CSI.
Co-design of a differential transimpedance amplifier and balanced photodetector for a sub-pJ/bit silicon photonics receiver
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Shenghao , Ruan Xiaoke , Thomson Dave J. , Hong Yang , Yang Fan , Zhang Lei , Lacava Cosimo , Meng Fanfan , Zhang Weiwei , Petropoulos Periklis , Zhang Fan , Reed Graham T.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fully differential optical receiver, which is aimed for short reach intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) transceiver links. A Si-Ge balanced photodetector (PD) has been co-designed and packaged with a novel differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The TIA design is realized with a standard 28 nm CMOS process and operates with a standard digital supply (1V). Without using any equalization or DSP techniques, the proposed receiver can operate up to 54 Gb/s with a BER less than the KP4 limit (2.2×10−4) under an optical modulation amplitude (OMA) of -8.6 dBm, while the power efficiency has been optimized to 0.55 pJ/bit (0.98 pJ/bit if output buffer is included).
Tunable phase change polaritonic perfect absorber in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Peng Chuanyan , Ou Kai , Li Guanhai , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Wenjuan , Zhao Zengyue , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: March 2020

Realizing tunable light-polaritons interaction, such as perfect absorption in a controllable and compact manner holds great promise in nanophotonic systems. In this work, we engineer the hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons and surface plasmons polaritons to dynamically tune the perfect absorption in mid-infrared by combing the two van der Waals materials: the natural hyperbolic material hBN and phase change material VO2. Two spectrally separated and physically distinct perfect absorption peaks are alternatively observed and can be tuned through changing the temperature. The absorption in the resonant wavelengths can reach around 100%. We also demonstrate the flexibility of the absorber by investigating the absorption dependence on the polarization state and angle of incidence. The structural parameters sweep also confirms the robustness of our design. Our findings may open new possibilities to many versatile minimized applications such as optical modulators, optical switching, and temperature control system.
Heterogeneous III-V on silicon nitride amplifiers and lasers via microtransfer printing
Authors: Op de Beeck Camiel , Haq Bahawal , Elsinger Lukas , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Pelucchi Emanuele , Corbett Brian , Roelkens Günther , Kuyken Bart
Published: March 2020

The development of ultralow-loss silicon-nitride-based waveguide platforms has enabled the realization of integrated optical filters with unprecedented performance. Such passive circuits, when combined with phase modulators and low-noise lasers, have the potential to improve the current state of the art of the most critical components in coherent communications, beam steering, and microwave photonics applications. However, the large refractive index difference between silicon nitride and common III-V gain materials in the telecom wavelength range hampers the integration of electrically pumped III-V semiconductor lasers on a silicon nitride waveguide chip. Here, we present an approach to overcome this refractive index mismatch by using an intermediate layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, followed by the microtransfer printing of a prefabricated III-V semiconductor optical amplifier. Following this approach, we demonstrate a heterogeneously integrated semiconductor optical amplifier on a silicon nitride waveguide circuit with up to 14 dB gain and a saturation power of 8 mW. We further demonstrate a heterogeneously integrated ring laser on a silicon nitride circuit operating around 1550 nm. This heterogeneous integration approach would not be limited to silicon-nitride-based platforms: it can be used advantageously for any waveguide platform with low-refractive-index waveguide materials such as lithium niobate.
Lower urinary tract lithiasis of cats in Algeria: Clinical and epidemiologic features
Authors: Remichi Hayet , Hani Fatma Amira , Rebouh Myriem , Benmohand Chabha , Zenad Wahiba , Boudjellaba Sofiane
Published: March 2020

Aim: This study aims to describe the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis of the lower urinary tract and to determine the main risk factors involved in the occurrence of urinary lithiasis in cats in Algeria from 2016 to 2018.

Materials and Methods: During the study period, 465 cats were examined and 32 cases of urolithiases were selected and investigated by conducting physical examinations, blood analyses, urinalysis, X-ray radiography, and ultrasonography. Parameters such as breed, age, or sex were studied and reported in a farm return to analyze risk factors involved in the formation of lower urinary urolithiasis.

Results: The most clinically relevant symptoms of urolithiasis observed in cats were dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria. Urinalysis and blood analysis revealed a significant presence of urinary crystals and acute kidney failure in nine cats. The ultrasonography and radiography confirmed the diagnosis of urolithiasis with the incidence of 43.75% and 31.25%, respectively. The lower urinary tract urolithiasis appeared to be more frequent in European and Siamese cats. In addition, cats aged between 4 and 8 years old were the most affected. Male cats (87.50%) were more affected than female cats. Finally, the lower urinary tract urolithiasis was more frequent in cats consuming the commercial pet food, previously castrated, and confined inside the house.

Conclusion: Complete clinical assessments, in addition to complementary examinations, are necessary and beneficial in treating the animal and preventing possible complications. Whether the choice of therapy is surgical or treatment with drugs, it is crucial to understand that the elimination of the stone is not an end, but the beginning of a series of investigations. Because of their impact on both the formation and elimination of metabolites, it has been found that factors, such as race, gender, age, diet, and lifestyle, should be considered as potential risk factors for urolithiasis.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES DASIPHORA FRUTICOSA AND СОMARUM SALESOVIANUM, GROWING IN ALTAI MOUNTAINS
Authors: Khramova Elena Petrovna , Kukushkina Tatyana Ablulkhailovna , Shaldaeva Tat'yana Mikhaylovna , Syeva Serafima Yakovlevna
Published: March 2020

A comparative study of biochemical parameters of two closely related species of plants Dasiphora fruticosa and Соmarum salesovianum (shrub and subshrub), growing in the Altai Mountains, was carried out for the first time. It is established that plants contain a rich complex of biologically active substances: flavonols, tannins, catechins, carotenoids, saponins, pectin substances. In the leaves and flowers of D. fruticosa, the content of flavonols, tannins, saponins and pectin substances is 1.1–2.5 times higher than that of C. salesovianum. Particularly significant differences in the content of pectin substances and tannins, which are mainly synthesized in the leaves of plants. By contrast, saponins and flavonols accumulate in flowers more,than in leaves. Maximum content of carotenoids identified in the leaves of plants C. salesovianum (up to 70.4 mg%), but the yellow flowers of D. fruticosa contain carotenoids more 3.2 times than the white flowers of S. salesovianum. High antioxidant activity were found in water-ethanol extracts of leaves (up to 0.85 mg/g) and flowers (up to 0.98 mg/g) of D. fruticosa, which may be due to the increased content of phenolic compounds, in particular tannins compared with the S. salesovianum.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY OF EXTRACTION ON ANTIOXI-DANT PROPERTIES FOR THE FARRY AND FLOWERS OF THE TENDER (CRATAEGUS)
Authors: Valeeva Aigul Raisovna , Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Valiulina Dinara Fanisovna
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this work is to determine the most optimal method for extracting hawthorn fruits and flowers (Crataegus) with antioxidant properties. Flowers hawthorn rich in chemicals (choline, essential oil, acetylcholine, trimethylamine, flavone glycosides, caffeic, chlorogenic, ursolic and other various acids) and hawthorn fruit consist of fatty oil, triterpene saponins, choline, acetylcholine, tannins, sorbitol and organic acids. In order to determine the most optimal method for extracting a complex of substances with antioxidant properties from hawthorn fruit and flower extracts, the content of dry substances, phenols, flavonoids was studied, and antioxidant activity was determined using two methods: by trapping free radicals and by using the FRAP (restoring force) method. By all indicators (the content of dry substances, phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity), studied in the work, hawthorn flowers had high values. In this work, three extraction technologies were used: traditional – infusion (37 °С, 2 h), and innovative – using microwave (800 W, 1 min) and ultrasonic irradiation (0.5 W, 2 h). Of all the types of extraction considered, the most efficient and effective, according to the results of experiments, is extraction using ultrasonic radiation.
PHENYLPROPANOIDS OF PARASENECIO HASTATUS (COMPOSITAE) AND THEIR WOUND-HEALING ACTIVI-TY
Authors: Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Chirikova Nadezhda Konstantinovna , Tsyrenzhapov Arsen Vladimirovich
Published: March 2020

Parasenecio hastatus (L.) H. Koyama (Cacalia hastata L., Compositae) is a well-known medicinal plant widespread in Siberia and Southeast Asia and used in the practice of traditional medicine in Asian countries as a wound-healing remedy. Scientific research confirmed the effectiveness of drugs containing P. hastatus, however, there is no any information about active substances identified (Ayushieva et al., 2007, 2009). In this work, it was revealed that the butanol fraction of P. hastatus leaves showed the most pronounced wound-healing effect. As a result of chromatographic separation of this fraction, 12 phenylpropanoids were identified as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, and for the first time 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic, chichoric, 3-O-feruloylquinic, 5-O-feruloylquinic acids and echinacoside. Using the microcolumn HPLC, it was established that the maximum content of phenylpropanoids in P. hastatus leaves is observed in the mass flowering period (60.83 mg/g). Compounds 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (16.34–39.37 mg/g) and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10.77–22.87 mg/g) were the dominant components of the phenolic complex as well as the main active substances with wound-healing effect. It was shown that the activity of 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid was higher than the activity of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Thus, it was demonstrated that caffeoylquinic acids and the drugs containing them are promising wound-healing agents.
NUTRITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FRUITS OF CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA L.
Authors: Skrypnik Lyubov' Nikolayevna , Melnichuk Irina Petrovna , Koroleva Yulia Vladimirovna
Published: March 2020

The work involved the phytochemical study of hawthorn fruits (Crataegus oxyacantha L.). Hawthorn fruits were collected in areas with low anthropogenic impact (landscape and recreational areas) and in areas with the transport infrastructure in Kaliningrad city. The content of total phenolic compounds and subgroups: catechins, leucoanthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins); monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), pectins, organic acids, ascorbic acid, macro- and microelements, as well as antioxidant activity in hawthorn fruits were studied. The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the variability of their chemical composition was shown. It has been established that hawthorn fruits from areas with minimal impact of anthropogenic factors can accumulate phenolic compounds (up to 15.9 mg/g), leucoanthocyanins (up to 1.5 mg/g), tannins (up to 6.5 mg/g ), catechins (up to 4.1 mg/g), flavonoids (up to 6.0 mg/g), fructose (up to 14.1%), pectin (up to 11.6%), organic acids (1.45%), ascorbic acid (up to 49.3 mg/100 g), calcium (up to 12.12 mg/g), zinc (up to 39.12 mg/kg) more intensively and demonstrated higher antioxidant activity (up to 9.7 mg/g). The cluster analysis carried out on the content of phytochemicals proved the dependence of the accumulation of nutrients in hawthorn fruits on the growing conditions of plants. The obtained results allow us to consider the fruits of hawthorn C. oxyacantha as a valuable raw material for use as food additives for various purposes.
COMPONENTS OF ARTEMISIA SOGDIANA
Authors: Mukhamatkhanova Rimma Fail'yevna , Bobakulov Khayrulla Mamadievich , Sham’yanov Il'dar Dzhamil'yevich , Оkmanov Rasul Yangiberdievich , Aisa Haji Akber , Sagdullaev Shomansur Shahsaidovich , Аbdullaev Nasrulla Dzhalilovich
Published: March 2020

Phytochemical research and effective use of medicinal flora in the future create the basis for the development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry and allow not only to fill the deficit of drugs, but also contribute to the development of new, environmentally friendly and a number of qualities of unique, export-oriented preparations.

The plants of the genus Artemisia L. are rich sources of biologically active secondary metabolites. Phytochemical study of secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Artemisia has led to the creation on their basis, in particular, on the sesquiterpene lactones, antitumor (Artemisinin and its derivatives; Arglabin), antiatherosclerotic (Leucomisin (preparation Oligvon)), cardiotonic (Tauremisin), anthelmintic (α-Santonin) and antimalarial (Artemisinin and its derivatives) preparations.

In order to search for natural biologically active compounds, we studied the components of the alcohol extract of the aerial part of Artemisia sogdiana Bunge, collected during budding in the Zaamin district of the Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan. The result of phytochemical research for the first time from this plant is isolated a phenolic compound xanthoxylin, sesquiterpene lactone artesin, flavonoids genkwanin and eupatilin, the structure of which is established on the basis of spectral data.
QUALITY AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER OIL DEODORIZATION DISTILLATE
Authors: Kukina Tat'yana Petrovna , Shcherbakov Dmitriy Nikolayevich , Panteleyeva Nina Vital'yevna , Sal'nikova Ol'ga Iosifovna , Kolosov Petr Vladimirovich
Published: March 2020

The composition of the sunflower oil deodorization distillate has been investigated. 18 acidic components have been identified, more than 40% of the composition of the studied sample falls on linoleic acid with F-vitamin activity. More than 30 components of neutral nature have been found that are of interest as bioactive compounds. Of these, 10 are phytosterols, 14 are triterpene alcohols, 5 are tocopherols. The diterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids of the kauran structure found in the composition of deodorization distillate indicate that the original sunflower oil was native, since it is known that kauran derivatives are a chemotaxonomic marker of many plants of the compositae family, including sunflower. In addition to the above compounds, hydrocarbons (more than a quarter of the unsaponifiable matter), both aliphatic and diterpenic, in the studied sample, was found. Aliphatic components are predominantly unsaturated, which may indicate their artifact origin, i.e. they are the products of the dehydration of aliphatic alcohols. Phytadiene isomers, products of phytol dehydration and isomerization, have been found. The data obtained indicate the prospects for the use of oil deodorization distillate as a source of bioactive substances, cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceutical components.
UV-SPECTROMETRY AND THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE WATER-PROPYLENEGLYCOL EXTRACTS FROM SEVERAL HERBS
Authors: Shvydkiy Vyacheslav Olegovich , Smirnova Aleksandra Nikolayevna , Volkov Владимир Анатольевич , Shishkina Lyudmila Nikolayevna
Published: March 2020

The physico-chemical properties by means of UV-spectroscopy and the lipid composition of extracts from Salvia officinalis L. leaves, the Calendula officinalis L and Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers; Hippophoe rhamnoides L fruits were studied. It is shown that extracts characterized the low shares of phospholipids and a trace content of sterols in the total lipid composition. Extracts studied are in the following sequence in accordance with decreasing the phospholipid share in the total lipid composition: Salvia officinalis L. leaves > Calendula officinalis L flowers = Hippophoe rhamnoides L fruits > Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers. It is shown that the quantitative ratio of phospholipid fractions is determined by the nature of the plant. Thus, the highest relative content of the phospholipid lysoforms in extracts was found in Calendula officinalis L flowers and Hippophoe rhamnoides L fruits, the highest share of sphingolipids was revealed in phospholipids of Calendula officinalis L and Matricaria chamomilla L flower extracts, and the phospholipids of Hippophoe rhamnoides L fruit extracts contained the highest amount of phosphatidylcholine. The high content of the more easily oxidizable fractions in the phospholipid composition especially for Salvia officinalis L. leaves are revealed. Using UV-spectrometry of extracts and mathematical analysis of these data the presence of flavonoids with different chemical structure is confirmed.
THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF WILD LOTUS CORNICULATUS AND CULTIVATED IN THE SUBTAIGA ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Shplis Ol'ga Nikolayevna , Kolomiyets Natal'ya Eduardovna , Abramets Natal'ya Yur'yevna , Daybova Yelena Borisovna , Bondarchuk Ruslan Anatol'yevich , Mar'in Andrey Aleksandrovich , Smolyakova Ирина Михайловна , Avdeyenko Sergey Nikolayevich
Published: March 2020

The composition and content of the elements of the aerial parts of the Lotus corniculatus L. wild-growing and cultivated in the Tomsk region was studied. The elemental composition was studied by neutron activation analysis and flame photometry. The neutron activation method was studied on a CANBERRA analyzer system with a pure germanium detector of the GX-3518 type with Co60 (1332 keV) 1.8 keV placement (neutron flux density 2·1013 neutrons/(cm2·s) for 12 h) . The sodium and potassium contents were determined in the emission mode by flame photometry on a Thermo Solaar M5 Mkll double-beam atomic absorption spectrometer. In wild-growing and cultivated species, the content of 31 elements (Sm, Ce, Ca, Lu, U, Th, Cr, Yb, Au, Hf, Ba, Sr, Nd, As, Ag, Br, Cs, Tb, Sc, Rb, Fe, Zn, Ta, Co, Na, K, Eu, Sb, La, Pb, Cd). In wild-growing and cultivated samples from the Tomsk region, high concentrations of Ca, K, Na, and Zn are noted, compared with the data given in the literature on lamb from other regions. According to the content of heavy metals, wild-growing and cultivated in the Tomsk Oblast baby candy meets the requirements of regulatory documents and can be used for the production of dietary supplements, herbal medicines and herbal pharmaceutical substances. In terms of Zn content, wild-growing and cultivated lamb does not meet the requirements for the minimum allowable levels of this element for feed, which manufacturers should take into account.
DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANINS OF FRUITS OF SOME PLANTS OF THE GENUS RIBES BY REVERSED-PHASE HPLC AND HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY (HILIC)
Authors: Deineka Viktor Ivanovich , Oleinits Elena Yur'yevna , Pavlov Aleksandr Alekseyevich , Mikheev Andrey Yur'yevich , Shelepova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Volkova Ol'ga Dmitriyevna , Khlebnikova Elena Ivanovna
Published: March 2020

The anthocyanin composition of some species of gooseberries with colored fruits was studied in comparison with anthocyanins of currant fruits from the collection of the Tsitsin Main Botanical garden. In fruits of currants Ribes nigrum var. sibiricum E. Wolf, R. nigrum L., R. americanum Mill., as well as in dark-colored fruits R. aureum Pursh., 3-glucosides and 3-rutinosides of cyanidin and delphinidin were found as major components in species-dependent ratios. It was found that in the fruits of gooseberry species Ribes oxyacanthoides L., Ribes missouriensis (Nutt.) Coville & Britton, Ribes rusticum Jancz. and Ribes cynosbati (L.) Mill. and in the fruits of one of the currants (R. alpinum L.) there is practically no biosynthesis of delphinidin derivatives, and 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin are detected. Meanwhile, the biosynthesis of acylated by substituted cinnamic acids (mainly – p-coumaric acid) anthocyanins were found in the fruits of Ribes oxyacanthoides and Ribes cynosbati (about 10%), Ribes rusticum (about 20%). The inheritance of characteristic for the fruit of some species of gooseberry biosynthesis of acylated mainly p-coumaric acid, was installed in the fruits of jostaberry - Ribes x nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer (about 10%). The species composition of anthocyanins was established using traditional reversed-phase HPLC in gradient elution mode using diode-array and mass spectrometric detection options. In addition, a method for the separation of anthocyanins of the same objects in the isocratic mode under hydrophilic interaction chromatography on diol stationary phases, allowing the use of simpler equipment. The variants of sample preparation of extract samples for the subsequent HPLC determination of anthocyanins by two different methods to avoid the appearance of artifacts are proposed.
THE STUDY OF THE CAROTENOID COMPOSITION OF THE FRUITS OF SEA BUCKTHORN DIFFERENT VARIE-TIES BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Rudaya Margarita Aleksandrovna , Slivkin Aleksey Ivanovich
Published: March 2020

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an object of general interest due to the high content of biologically active substances (BAS). Fruits contain water- and fat-soluble vitamins, organic acids, sugars, tannins, amino acids, flavonoids and carotenoids. The latter, in turn, give the fruits a typical yellow-orange color. Carotenoids (α-, β-, and γ-carotenes) make up 11% of the unsaponifiable fraction of sea buckthorn oil and are very valuable compounds for the cosmetics industry. Leading scientists of the world have found that carotenoids have antioxidant, antimutagenic and antitumor properties, and therefore are actively used for the prevention of cancer. The fruits of sea buckthorn are the raw materials for the pharmacopeia drug - sea buckthorn oil and a large number of various herbal medicines based on it. To separate and identify complex compounds, such as carotenoids, considerable attention is paid to the TLC method. In connection with the foregoing objective of the study was the study of the TLC profile of carotenoids of sea buckthorn fruits of various varieties.

Optimal chromatographic conditions were selected that ensure the best separation of carotenoid zones in a thin sorbent layer. In the used eluting system, satisfactory separation of the chromatographic zones of carotenoids is observed, since the value of sorption selectivity is greater than unity. To characterize the chromatographic profile of each variety, it is proposed to use a value of Rs that is more independent of the influence of various parameters and does not require standards. The difference in the obtained TLC profile of carotenoids of sea buckthorn fruits of representatives of ten different varieties, as well as for the fruits of a wild plant, was established. The maximum number of chromatographic zones is observed for the Ryabinovaya variety, and the minimum for the Stolichnaya variety. It was established that by the method of «fingerprints» it is possible to identify the sort of fruits of sea buckthorn by the type of chromatographic profile of carotenoids.