bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cox Model Survival Analysis to Evaluate Treatment of Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) For Cancer Patients
Authors: Purnami S W , Putra R S , Edina A I , Pertiwi I N , Sukur E , Soraya N
Published: April 2021

Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Lung cancer, brain cancer and breast cancer are a deadly threat to sufferers. Cancer treatment using a therapy called Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) has received a lot of medical attention. Since 2012, the C-Tech Labs Edwar Technology Cancer Research Tangerang has applied ECCT to the therapeutic treatment more than 11,000 cancer patients. In this study, the Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to asses factors that affects survival of cancer patients. Some prognostic factors are evaluated included age of patient and type treatments such as herbs therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and monitoring frequency of ECCT. The all three survival models (breast cancer, brain cancer, and lung cancer) identified the same prognostic factors. The study showed that monitoring frequency of ECCT is significant factor that influenced in cancer survival for all three survival models. Based on the Cox survival model, the hazard ratio (HR) value ranges from are 0.8 – 0.9. It means that each additional one time the frequency of monitoring, the risk of experiencing death decreased by 0.8 – 0.9 times.
Quality of Water Production Process Using Mixed Multivariate EWMA-CUSUM (MEC) Control Chart
Authors: Asmara N H D , Wibawati  , Ahsan M , Mashuri M , Khusna H
Published: April 2021

Human life is highly dependent on clean and freshwater. Therefore, the quality of water used by humans must be properly monitored and controlled. Based on the regulations of the Ministry of Health, the quality of clean water can be monitored from the parameters of physics, chemistry, and microbiology. The main characteristics of water quality are turbidity level, organic substance, and chlorine residual which are correlated with each other. This research proposes the combination of MEWMA and MCUSUM charts called MEC control chart for monitoring the process mean of water quality with the variables used are turbidity level, organic substance, and chlorine residual. This charting method is divided into two-part, namely MEC1 and MEC2. Further, the water production process is characterized by dry and rainy seasons. Based on the analysis results, it is found that the optimum λ in the production process during the dry and rainy season for the MEC1 control chart is 0.3. Meanwhile, the optimum λ in the production process during the dry and rainy season for the MEC2 control chart is 0.1. In this condition, the MEC1 control chart is more sensitive than the MEC2 control chart because of the higher number of out of control observations. Moreover, the organic substance is the main issue causing the out of control observations during the dry and rainy season. In the capability process analysis, the process of water production during the dry and rainy season is said to be capable because the capability index of the turbidity level is larger than the specification limit. On the other hand, the water production process with organic substance and chlorine residual are not capable due to the lower capability index compared to the specification limit.
Generalized Structural Equations Approach in the of Elderly Self-rated Health
Authors: Bagheri Arezoo , Saadati Mahsa
Published: April 2021

To model classified and ordinal data, the Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM), which is based on the integration of two generalized linear model (GLM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) algorithms, is applied. Unlike the SEM, this model does not require the normality assumption. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and compare weighted (WLSMV) and unweighted (ULSMV) least squares mean and variance adjusted methods, two of the most applicable estimators of GSEM, for studying factors affecting the elderly self-rated health in 2015 in Tehran, Iran. 600 elderly people aged 60 years and above from 22 regions of Tehran were selected using multi-stage sampling. Self-rated health of the elderly variable (a 5-point Likert scale) was analyzed as an ordinal variable and was modeled considering the variables of social support, financial and environment security, spirituality, mental and physical health, functional health and health-related behaviors by Mplus software. The results showed that WLSMV outperformed ULSMV according to the smaller values of RMSEA and larger values for CFI and TLI indexes (RMSEA WLSMV = 0.04, CFI WLSMV = 0.965, and TLI WLSMV = 0.936). To prevent concluding invalid results in studying ordinal data due to considering them as a continues variable, it is important selecting correct statistical method according to the type of variables.
Spatial Clustered Regression Analysis of 2017 Getis Score Indonesian Malaria Prevalence Data
Authors: Sukmawati Suci , Djuraidah Anik , Wigena Aji Hamim
Published: April 2021

Malaria is a disease that is still endemic to Indonesia. In the national scale, morbidity rate related to malaria continued to decline from 2009 to 2017. Eastern areas of Indonesia (namely Papua, West Papua, and East Nusa Tenggara) still have high endemic levels of malaria, while western areas (Islands Sumatera and Java) mostly have low endemic levels or even free of malaria. This indicates that malaria has a clustering pattern. This research used the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) data as the dependent variable and Slide Positivity Rate (SPR), Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER), number of positive cases on children aged 1-14 years, and the number of Plasmodium falciparum cases and Plasmodium vivax cases data as the independent variables. Since they contain spatial autocorrelation, Getis Ord G_i were employed in the clustered regression analysis. Finite Mixture Model was employed as the clustering method. This study resulted in the forming of 3 clusters. Cities/regencies belonging to Cluster-1 were neither hotspots nor coldspots. Elements of Cluster-2 are SPR hotspots. Elements of Cluster-3 are hotspot areas of API, ABER, number of Plasmodium falciparum cases, number of Plasmodium vivax cases, and number of cases on children aged 1-14 years. Cluster-1 consists of 360 cities/regencies located in Islands Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, and Java, and North Maluku Province. Cluster-2 consists of 88 cities/regencies, mostly located in provinces South Sumatera, Bengkulu, Lampung, Banten, DKI Jakarta, and West Java. Cluster-3 consists of 66 cities/regencies located in the Papua Island and East Nusa Tenggara Province.
Clustering of Commodity Inflation Pattern based on Estimated ARIMA Model
Authors: Hendrawati T , Wigena A H , Sumertajaya I M , Sartono B
Published: April 2021

Clustering is the stage that is carried out before further data analysis. There are many approach method that can be used for clustering time series data, one of which is the model-based approach. In this study, we clustering inflation data used the ARIMA model. The cluster model is carried out after obtaining the clusters. The similarity between time series is measured using the development of Piccolo distance. Furthermore, the Ward hierarchical method is used for clustering. The Silhouette averaging method is used to determine the optimal number of clusters. The cluster model can be used to represent individual models. The cluster model is more effective than creating all individual models.
State Mapping of the Public Health Development Index in Aceh Province using K-Medoids method
Authors: Rahayu L , Rusdiana S , Mahdi S , Safitri W D , Ikhwan M , Sari N , Akhdansyah T
Published: April 2021

Health level mapping is necessary to obtain information on the state of public health in Aceh Province. The study analyzed the clustering of districts/cities in Aceh Province using the Aceh Province Public Health Development Index (PHDI) in 2013 and 2018, which was sourced from the Aceh Health Office. The analytical method used is the K-Medoids grouping method. The results of this study indicate that 4 clusters are consisting of 3 conditions, namely the district/city cluster with a good health level, the district/city cluster with a medium health level, the district/city cluster with a low health level. Districts/cities that experienced significant changes in health levels in 2013 and 2018 are Aceh Besar, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Jaya, Pidie Jaya, Aceh Timur, Gayo Lues, and Simeulue. Meanwhile, Banda Aceh, Sabang, and Langsa city always occupy a cluster position with a high level of health.
Adjustment Pattern of pH Using Random Forest Regressor for Crop Modelling of NFT Hydroponic Lettuce
Authors: Mara M N , Helmy  , Nursyahid A , Setyawan T A , Sriyanto A
Published: April 2021

IoT makes it possible to automatically adjust pH based on sensor numerical data for NFT hydroponic lettuce. In this research, we use sensors of light intensity, farm temperature, farm humid, reservoir level, reservoir temperature, humid on the outside farm, outside farm temperature at Kartika Farm and Turus Asri. Data were taken for five cropping periods. We got different adjustment pattern of pH based on these sensors and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) control. Furthermore, Kartika Farm’s cropping was different from Turus Asri. In a kilogram of Kartika Farm cropping ingredient seven holes of hydroponic lettuces while Turus Asri cropping ingredient ten holes of hydroponic lettuces. Economically, Kartika Farm harvests more benefits than Turus Asri. In this research, we modeling the pattern of pH adjustment at Kartika Farm using random forest regression. The result showed that the important variable for pH adjustment modeling is water level, TDS and green house humidity. We got an accurate value for the model is 78,37% with MAE and MSE consecutively 0.19 and 0.15.
Research of gel systems stability in relation to additive technologies
Authors: Pokusaev B G , Vyazmin A V , Karlov S P , Zakharov N S , Sulyagina O A
Published: April 2021

The study of thermokinetics and rheology of gel systems based on agarose gel was performed. The dependences of the spectral characteristics of both pure gels and gels with special additives in the conditions of the “cooling-heating-cooling” transition process are obtained. The effect of hysteresis of the studied samples during the transition from a liquid solution to a gel and back was found. The presented results can be useful for the development of a promising 3D-bioprinting technology, for the design and selection of operating modes of printing devices.
On Spiral Turbulent Flow in an Annular Concentric Channel
Authors: Ignatenko Ya S , Gavrilov A A , Bocharov O B
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the results of Newtonian-fluid spiral flow simulation in an annular channel. The simulation parameters were dimeters ratio of 0.5; Re = 100 ÷ 10,000 and dimensionless inner cylinder rotation rate χ = 0.2 ÷ 5. The turbulent flow regimes were simulated using URANS, a non-stationary statistical turbulence model. While simulation, the following flow regimes were detected: homogeneous flow without pronounced structures (Re = 100, χ⩽3 and Re=300, χ⩽0.5); flow with Görtler-type continuous spiral vortices near inner cylinder (Re = 300, χ=1 and Re = 1000 ÷ 10000, χ = 0.5); flow with Taylor-type vortices (Re = 100, χ⩾3 and Re = 300, χ⩾3); flow with small-scale Görtler-type vortices near both channel walls (Re ⩾ 1000 and χ⩾1). The spiral spin of Görtler-type vortices near the outer cylinder was co-directed with the rotation of the inner cylinder, while the vortices near the inner cylinder spin against the rotation. Formation of large Taylor-type vortex structures led to a decrease in the channel skin friction coefficient faRe. Görtler-type vortices interaction near the channel walls triggered the formation of small-scale structures increasing in the channel resistance as the Reynolds number and rotation speed grew.
Experimental study of the effect of surfactants on the characteristics of waves in three-dimensional wave regimes
Authors: Kvon A Z , Guzanov V V
Published: April 2021

Effect of a surfactant Triton X-100 on three-dimensional wave regimes of the falling liquid film flow was experimentally studied. The shadow method and laser induced fluorescence measurements revealed that for surfactant concentrations at which complete suppression of wave motion is not observed, the flow characteristics at the three-dimensional wave regime differ from the characteristics of a pure water flow. Most likely, these differences are associated with differences in the structure of flows under the three-dimensional wave, which were revealed by simultaneous measurements of the thickness and volumetric measurements of the velocity in the wave at the initial section of the flow. For films with the surfactant concentration of 2000 mg/l, the capillary ripples in front of the three-dimensional wave are weakly expressed, there are no backflows, and transverse flows in the area of the capillary precursors are much weaker than in the case of pure water.
The numerical investigation of the oil displacing efficiency from the pore in the rock formation depending on the width and height of the pore
Authors: Lobasov A S , Minakov A V
Published: April 2021

The calculated study of the oil displacing by the water from straight microchannels, which simulate a pore in the rock formation, was carried out. The Reynolds numbers were varied in the range from one to 1000. The channel’s width and height were in the range of 100 μm to 800 μm. The «Volume of Fluid» (VOF) numerical method with the «Continuum Surface Force» (CSF) algorithm was used. It was found that the oil recovery coefficient increases with a decrease in the height of the pore microchannel and with an increase of its width. In case of constant channel width, the oil recovery coefficient: increases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from 1 to 50 and from 100 to 400 and decreases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from 50 to 100 and from 400 to 1000. In case of constant channel height, the oil recovery factor behaves as follows: at h = 100 μm it slightly increases in a whole range of Reynolds numbers; at h = 200 μm its behaviour is the same the in case of constant channel width; at h = 400 μm it sharply increases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from one to 50 and slightly decreases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from 50 to 1000; at h = 800 μm it sharply increases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from one to 100 and sharply decreases in the ranges of Reynolds numbers from 100 to 1000. Such behaviour in both cases can be explained by the competition between the forces of inertia and capillary, but further research is needed for a more complete understanding. It was also found that, in almost all cases, the oil recovery coefficient does not exceed 10%. It follows that water is a poor washing agent in terms of oil recovery from reservoirs.
Affordable Housing For the Middle-Income Group in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Jamaluddin Nor Baizura , Yakob Hamizah , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati , Zaki Zulkifli Ahmad
Published: April 2021

One of the most fundamental human needs is a house. While urbanization occurs tremendously in the cities of Malaysia, the middle-income groups living in the urban areas are facing greater challenges in house ownership. The middle-income households continuously experience issues of affordability, access to finance and availability. This paper presents a study on the delivery system of affordable housing. In this study, an assessment of affordable housing delivery system was conducted by examining the urban middle-income group in relation to the process of affordable housing provision. The study therefore aims at examining the current affordable housing policies and delivery system, with the focus on the middle-income group, which concentrates on assessing house buyers’ experience and perception in relation to the practice of providing affordable housing for the middle-income. Using a mixed-method approach, the study employs a quantitative and a qualitative technique in conducting the study. A case study approach was exercised by means of investigating the PR1MA Corporation and SPNB as case studies. Results demonstrated that there are many constraints in the delivery system from the qualitative analysis and the respondents’ perspective. The experience by the house buyers can be useful for authorities and other providers in the future development.
The use of Trifloralin Herbicide, cultivation distances and cultivation method to control the weeds accompanying the local barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Hayawi Jassim Abdullah , Walid Taha Muhammad Amin , Hamad Abdulmueem Shabeeb
Published: April 2021

The research was conducted in the fields of the Agricultural Technical College / Mosul to combat the weed associated with the barley crop for the winter season 2019/2020 to as a method of integrated control management. The research included three factors: The first factor is the two levels Trifloralin Herbicide (the concentration of 1248 cm3 active substance / e and the comparison treatment) and the second factor is the cultivation distances at two levels (15, 30) cm. As for the third factor, cultivation methods are also at two levels (orthogonal cultivation, conventional cultivation). The experiment was applied according to the system of global experiments in split – split block by designing the complete random sectors with three replicates. The most important results are summarized as follows: The three factors: Trifloralin herbicide and the narrow distance (15) cm between the row and cultivation achieved a significant decrease in the number of narrow-leaf weeds / m2, number of tillers for narrow-leaved weeds / m2, dry weight of the narrow-leaf weeds and the number of broad-leaved weeds, while no significant effect appeared between the two cultivation methods on the dry weight of the broad-leaved weed. The interference between the herbicide and the distance (15) cm, and the interference between the herbicide and orthogonal cultivation, and the interference between the distance (15) cm and orthogonal cultivation, as well as the triple interference between the herbicide and the distance (15) cm orthogonal cultivation, achieved a significant decrease in all studied characteristics.
Study of the Contamination of Soils Irrigated from Diwaniyah River with Lead / Iraq
Authors: Jarallah Raid Shaalan , Al Husseini Huda Mahdi Haraj
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to find out the effect of adding different pollutants (sewage water, liquid industrial water and heavy water) throwing into the river in Diwaniyah governorate on the concentration of Lead in river water and the effect of irrigation on the presence of this element in the soils during the different seasons of the year.

Soil samples were taken for two dimensions, the first at a distance of 100-150 meters from the source of pollution and for three depths, the first depth 0-30 cm, the second depth 30-60 cm, the third depth 60-90 cm, and the second dimension samples were taken at a distance of 5-5.5 km from the same source and also for three depths and three iterations for all sites and during four seasons: summer (July) 2019, autumn (October) 2019, winter (January) 2020, spring (April) 2020 with three locations, the first site is located at the entrance of Diwaniyah city (Sania area), which represents the control treatment as it is located before the various pollution ports that flow into the river (such as sewage, hospital waste, factory waste, sewage … etc) and the second site in the city center (Rifaat quarter) and the third site in the (Sudair area), which represents the last site of the Diwaniyah city after the end of all estuaries and sources of pollution.

The results of the study were reached that the soil contamination with Lead was highest in the surface layer compared to the other of the depths, and the first dimension (100-150) m from the source of pollution is the highest compared with the second dimension (5-5.5) km, this indicated to a decrease in Lead concentration while moving away from the source of pollution. The highest concentration of Lead in the summer was 3.11 micrograms. Kg−1 in the first depth of the third site at a distance of (100-150 m), while the lowest concentration in the winter was 0.22 micrograms.Kg−1.

At the third depth of the first site at a distance (5-5.5) km, this indicates that Lead contamination of soils is highest in the surface layer and increases with the slope of the river, and the concentration of Lead was decreasing with depth in all four seasons of the year and for all studied sites.
The Effect of Using Different Levels of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) powder on Productive and Physiological Performance of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Kridie Al-Salhie Khalid Chillab , Marzooq Al-Hummod Sabah Kadhum , Jaber Faisal Nasser
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using different levels of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) powder on productive and physiological performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). One hundred and thirty-five, 45 days-old of Japanese quail females were randomly divided into three groups (45 females for each). Each group has three replicates (15 females per each). The groups were included: The first group was fed on experimental diet included with 0 % of insect powder and 6% of protein concentration as the control. The second group was fed on experimental diet included with 3% of protein concentration and 3% of insect powder. The third group was fed on experimental diet included with 0 % of protein concentration and 6% of insect powder. The results showed no significant in the egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio and mortality among groups. The birds in the third group were recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the egg production (%), on the other hand, it recorded a less value in the feed intake compared to other groups. The results of relative weight of ovaries and oviducts showed the birds in the third group were recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to other groups. On the other hand, the second group was recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to first group (control). The results were indicated no significant in the levels of estrogen hormone among groups. While, the results of the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were indicated a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the third group compared to other groups. In addition to, the second group was recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to first group (control). In conclusions, so far proves the potential of the American cockroach (P. americana) meal for use in quail production systems. American cockroach (P. americana) food based feed can completely replace protein sources by 100 per cent without negative effect on the productive performance of quail and, in some ways, can achieve better than conventional protein based feeds such as protein concentrations. On the other hand, the American cockroach (P. americana) meal improved physiological performance of quail.
A study some growth characteristics for maize, Bohooth 106 variety under affecting mechanical for machine (moldboard plow type )
Authors: Alwan Alsharifi Salih Kadhim , Ghali Aleawi. A. , Hamzah Ibrahim. J.
Published: April 2021

The effect of the practical speed and tillage distances on maize Bohooth 106 variety and soil physical properties, under impact some mechanical properties for type tillage machine( moldboard plow ), were tested two practical speed levels of 2.409 and 3.543km.hr−1 and three levels tillage distances of 60, 65 and 70cm. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the practical speed 2.409 km.hr−1was significantly better than the practical speed 3.543km.hr−1 as while tillage distances at range 60 cm was significantly superior to the other two levels 65 and 70 cm in all studied conditions. For practical speed 2.409 km.hr−1 and tillage distance 60cm, the fuel consumption, slippage percentage, machine efficiency, germination percentage, plant height, 1000–weight grain and the maize crop productivity, were 11.301, 10.153 L.ha−1, 10.240, 9.684%, 80.685, 82.002%, 90.803, 91.135%, 167.682, 169.163cm 223.341, 239.130 g, and 4.149, 4.258 t.ha−1. The best results have come from the overlap among the practical speed 2.409km.hr−1 and tillage distance of 60 cm, in all studied parameter.
The effect of aqueous Urtica dioica extract in male rats exposed to copper sulfate poisoning
Authors: Ahmeed Aldulaimi Adnan Mohammed , Al Jumaily Abd-Alhadi Ibrahim Hussein , Husain Feryal Farooq
Published: April 2021

This study was designed to note the preventive effect ofUtrica dioicaaqueous extract (100 mg / kg of body weight) in healthy white male rats exposed to copper sulfate poisoning (40 mg / kg bw) throughout the 30day treatment period, and the weights ranged between 240-260 g and their ages are between 2-3 months, and the animals were divided randomly into four groups, each group containing 7 rats. Results showed that whenUtrica dioicaextract was administered, it led to a significant decrease of P < 0.05 in cholesterol concentration and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and no significant difference in organ weights, glucose, uric acid, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) compared to the control group. When animals were given copper sulfate, it led to a significant decrease in body weight, and a significant increase in weights (liver, kidney and spleen), glucose, uric acid, urea, creatinine, TG and LDL triglycerides, and it did not differ significantly in cholesterol, HDL and VLDL compared with the control group. When administering (Utrica dioica+ copper), it led to a significant decrease in kidney weight, glucose, uric acid, urea, creatinine, triglycerides and LDL, and a significant increase in body weight and HDL while it did not significantly differ in cholesterol and VLDL from compared with the group that was given Copper sulfate. It is concluded from the study that theUtrica dioicaextract had positive effects in animals exposed to copper sulfate poisoning.
The Effect of Some Factors on Virulence of E.coli Bacteria Isolated from UTI Infection. (Review study)
Authors: Al-Shami Salwan Abdulmuaen , Jawad Anwar Hassan , Jamil Qassim Talib , Hamza Roaa Raheem
Published: April 2021

The study aims to demonstrate the effect of some traits on the virulence of E.coli bacteria, the important of which are the number and type of bacterial isolates, their sensitivity to some antibiotics and the production of the β-lactamase enzyme. We adopted in this research a multi-studies relative to some countries and different governorates inside Iraq to show the prevalence range of this gender and its great impact on urinary tract infection. It was found through various previous studies that E.coli is present in a large extent in the urinary tract compared to other isolates, as it is a suitable environment for causing infection after seizing the opportunity and reaching to the urinary tract after ascending from the digestive system, which are endemic organisms in which the normal flora. And it is found more often in women than in men for physiological reasons.

It also contains multiple resistance to MDR antibiotics. This resistance may be depend on the presence of the plasmid that carries the genetic information to produce the enzyme β-lactamase, which works to break the β-lactamase cycle and create the bio resistance to the antibiotic. This resistance varies from gender to another and from one environment to another. Various studies around the world, especially penicillin’s, the difference in the degree of sensitivity to this antibiotic or the degree of resistance according to the place in which the patient is located and according to the manufacture of the antibiotic and its chemical composition. This type of infection depends on its rapid identification and taking the appropriate antibiotic as soon as possible and for the required time, lest it lead to other complications, the most important of which is the kidney failure caused by this genus, and it is preferable to make a sensitivity test for antibiotics in order to be able to determine the appropriate antibiotic.
Effect of Different Levels of Rhus Coriaria L. powder in Awassi Lambs Diet on Some Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Muhaimeed Ahmed R. , Hussein Salh N. , Ibraheem Maysaloon W. , Muhammed Abdulhameed M.
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted in (Good land farm and factory) for meat processing in Samarra in cooperation with Nature Resources Center in Tikrit University. to the period from 1/5/2019 to 1/8/2019. Sixteen Awassi lambs were used in this research average body weight (20 ± 25) kg abought (5.5-6) months. the lambs was divided into four treatments according to Sumac additives : Treatment one was control without Sumac, treatment two 1% Rhus powder, treatment three it was 3% Rhus powder and treatment four was 5% Rhus powder. Ther results showed significant differences in live weight treatment four(42.38 ± 1.73)kg was higher than the other treatments were ( 38.16 ± 1.50)kg (36.64 ± 1.04)kg (34.63 ± 1.53)kg respectively. Significantly was noticed in treatment four than other three treatments in empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight and dressing percentage. About the main cuts of right half of the carcass, leg cut in treatment four conducted significant differences (3.08 ± 0.12) than other treatments were ( 2.47 ± 0.22)kg (2.45 ± 2.02)kg (2.52 ± 0.10)kg respectively. Loin showed significant differences in treatment four(0.92 ± 0.01)kg compared with control was (0.63 ± 0.07)kg and treatment three (0.67 ± 0.01)kg shoulders and ribs did not recorded significant differences between four treatments. For secondary cuts of right half cuts, fore shank of treatment two was the lowest (0.64 ± 0.029) compared with other treatments were (0.75 ± 0.002)kg (0.68 ± 0.38)kg (0.76 ± 0.023)kg respectively while breast, neck and flank did not recorded significant differences between treatments. Abdominal fat was the highest in treatment four (0.24 ± 0.03)kg while the values in the res treatments were ( 0.08 ± 0.02)(0.17 ± 0.03)(0.07 ± 0.07)kg respectively. kidney and pelvic fat also was high in treatment four (0.26 ± 0.87)kg than other treatments. Finally, rib eye area was conducted high significant differences in treatment four was (10.404 ± 0.302)mm compared with the other three treatments were(7.701 ± 0.503)mm(6.650 ± 0.155)mm(8.752 ± 0.454)mm respectively.
The effect of Aloe Vera gel on some physiological parameters in white female rats exposed to Bisphenol A
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Jameel , Mohealdeen Ahmed Salahaldeen , Jameel Ali Hussein , Aziz Hind Abdel
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Alo vera gel 20 % in laboratory rats that exposed to Bisphenol-A at a concentration of (10, 20) mg/kg on its body weight and biological parameters after a period of 28 days. Results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the bodyweight of groups of rats given Bisphenol A orally. The values of uric acid, creatinine, and urea were significantly increased, there was also a significant increase in the activity of all values of the enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP. Giving an additional quantity of aloe vera gel by drinking water with the presence of Bisphenol A had a significant effect in reducing the negative impact of Bisphenol A on weight, biochemical, and enzymatic parameters.
Evaluation of The Cryopreservation Technology of Poultry Sperm: A Review Study
Authors: Mohammad Mahdi Saleh , Mardenli Omar , Amin AL-Tawash Ali Sami
Published: April 2021

With the advancement of the poultry industry, the basic need for the use of cryopreservation technology of poultry sperms has emerged, given that it is the basic technology that preserves the genetic resources of different breeds and establishes genetic banks that in turn contribute to the establishment of different strains and lines. The technology of cryopreservation of sperm has encountered many considerations and obstacles, as the impressions of this technique are divided into three topics, the first impression believes that this technique is largely unsuccessful, while the second suggests a great potential in the preservation process. The third impression believes that cryopreservation is an encouraging and promising operation shortly. Similar to the cryopreservation of sperm in mammals, two methods were used in poultry: the slow and rapid freezing (vitrification). In both types, similar results were obtained where the fertility rates of the sperm did not exceed 40%. Due to the morphological and physiological differences between poultry and mammals’ sperms, three cryoprotectants have been widely used in poultry cryopreservation: dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and glycerol, glycerol is the most widely used due to its molecular properties that contribute to maintaining the highest survival rate and fertility after freezing (high permeability and low cytotoxity). The main obstacle facing this technique remains in how to treat the remaining quantities of the aforementioned cryoprotectants, which lead to a decrease in the fertility capacity after freezing and during artificial insemination. The numerous protocols used, whether in slow or rapid freezing, greatly affected fertility rates, as both the equilibrium and freezing stages played a decisive role in obtaining the highest possible rates of fertility, vitality and survivability of the sperm after thawing. It is concluded from the current review that the cryopreservation technology of poultry sperm is still in a non-advanced stage and needs many new methods to contribute to raising the fertility capacity, vitality and survivability rates after freezing.
Qualitative assessment of groundwater for livestock and poultry watering: A case study of water wells in Hamdaniya district, Nineveh governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Saffawi A.Y.T. , Al-Taay Noor D. S. , Kaplan Abdul Bari Y. H.
Published: April 2021

During the study, a field survey was conducted for villages, fields and farms in the Hamdaniya area that use well water. Twenty wells were identified to collect water samples during the dry season to assess the physiochemical properties of the water, and a weighted mathematical model was applied to assess water quality for the purposes of watering livestock and poultry. The results indicated that the water quality index values fluctuated between (33.0 to 282) due to the different geological formations that the water passes through, as 45% of the water samples were from the Unfit category, 25% from the water category of poor quality, and the rest (30%) were from the good water category for watering livestock and poultry.
The First Observation of the Vulnerable Sooty Falcon falco concolor in Iraq
Authors: Salim Mudhafar A. , Abed Salwan Ali
Published: April 2021

Sooty Falcon Falco concolor is small to medium-sized, greysh, migrant Falcon, breeds mainly in islands’ cliffs around Arabia and inland in Libya and Egypt, and migrates to east Africa. This species in classified as Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN Red List. During one of the regular surveys conducted by the Iraqi Organization for Conservation of Nature (IOCN), the first Sooty Falcon for Iraq was found at Zibliya area close to Dalmaj protected area, approx. 35km northeast of Diwaniya city in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq. The habitat where the first Sooty Falcon was found consists of open farms with desert margins in addition to intensive, long rows of tall trees (Tamarix aphylla) distributed in different locations within Zibliya area. Considerable list of Passerines and other small bird species were also found in the area that might form preferred food items for Sooty Falcon. This observation represents the first record of Sooty Falcon for Iraq.
Detection the oxidative stability of milk fat to different types of powdered milk
Authors: Khalaf Abdulkhaleq Sulaiman , Salih Ghazwan Mahdy , M.Albashr Tariq Kh.
Published: April 2021

This study was designed to show the oxidative stability of different types of powdered milk it is present in the local market and almost consumed daily. Five types of cows powder milk were selected from the markets in Salah Aldeen governorate (Almudhish, Dielac, Smartbaby, Altunsa, Commercial Milk). In this study five treatments to lipid oxidation index were carried out as follows: pH-acidity-FFA-iodine value and peroxide value. The results indicated high acidity for both Altunsa and the commercial milk with decrease in PH for both Altunsa and commercial milk. However, the statistical analysis (p < 0.05) showed Altunsa milk and commercial milk recorded the highest value of the iodine and peroxide numbers, While the milk type of the smart boy and Dialac recorded the highest stability of the oxidation through the lipid oxidation index.
RNA-Seq data analysis reveals various viral sequences associated with genome of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
Authors: Lahuf Adnan A.
Published: April 2021

RNA-Seq data analysis can provide an unlimited contribution in increasing our knowledge in viruses and their interaction with the hosts. In current study, transcriptomic analyses of 20 publicly libraries of date palm (P. dactylifera) fruit was conducted for identification the associated plant viruses. Although, the group of virusesGrapevine leafroll-associated virus(GLRaV) andPittosporum cryptic virus-1(PiCV-1) have been identified previously, another thirty-seven different plant viruses have been discovered through the detection of partial nucleotide sequences of their RdRp and Replicase genes via a workflow analysis developed in this study. The viral sequences detected were almost identical (100%) at the nucleotide level with numerous viral isolates deposited at GenBank. However, very rare viral infection has been reported previously on P. dactylifera trees. Thus, an investigation for determining virome of the date palm tree is demanded.
Insects and Insect Pest Management System
Authors: Falhy AL-Mrammathi Majida Mohammed Abid , Anoun AL-Hasnawi Mohammed Ridha
Published: April 2021

Insects are the basis material for the work of an insect pest management system, and accordingly, understanding and knowing the basic material for the work of this system is an important and essential issue for its success and development, just as this understanding should establish a realistic and practical view of this group of organisms. Insects are the main competitor of man on earth because they preceded it by appearing millions of years ago, The success of insects in continuing and millions of years ago to live on Earth demonstrates the importance of the role that this group of creatures play in the continuation of life on Earth, The number of known insect species today exceeds 1.25 million species, and this constitutes more than 80% of the known species in the animal kingdom and The human struggle against insect pests began long ago and before the emergence of civilization.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of some pesticides and bioagents against Parlatoria date scale Parlatoria
blanchardi Targ (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on date palm Phoenix
dactylifera
Authors: Abdulwahid Alaa Naeem , Mohammadali Mushtak T.
Published: April 2021

This study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of some pesticides and Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Naturalis-L) and Entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus
thuringienesis (Antario KAB) in different methods (irrigation, injection and spray) against Parlatoria
blanchardi Targ on date palm in Ghammas / Al-Shamiya District / Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate / Iraq during agriculture season 2019-2020. The results showed that the pesticide TIAM 25% WG was more significant than other chemical pesticides in mortality of P.
blanchardi which reached to 69.34 % when was using in spray method. However, the results of using mixed pesticide with bioagent showed that the treatment TIAM 25% WG + B. bassiana sprayed on data palm in the field significantly different from other treatment, which reached 78.56% in average and the mortality was 82%.40 after 7 days of treatment.
Gene Action in Bread Wheat Triticum aestivium L. by Using Factorial Mating
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

This experiment was carried out in Daquq, which is 40 km south of Kirkuk governorate at longitude 28-44 east and latitude 8-35 north in the winter season 2018-2019, and four male parents for used (Sham 6, Jad, Barcelona and Adana) and three female parents they are (Abu Ghraib3, Aras, and Ebaa 99) and their hybrids (12) are single hybrids, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The parents of Ebaa 99 showed superior in most of its components, and Adana parent gave the general combining ability in the traits of spike weight, a number of spikes, and a number of seeds per spike as reached 0.20, 2.57 and 3.18 respectively, and the hybrids (Ebaa 99 × Jad) and (Abu Ghraib 3 × Barcelona) in most of the traits, including the yield components. The heterosis of the hybrid was significant in often traits most of the hybrids study, The genetic and phenotypic variation is based on males, female and based on interaction were significant for all traits except number of spikes and length and weight of spike, where the highest genetic variation in plant height was 32.39 and the highest phenotypic variation was 42.31 for same trait. The reach the highest heritability in the narrow sense of plant height and in the male fathers was 0.72, and the degree of dominance was more than one for all the traits. The expected genetic advance was low for all traits, as it reached the highest in plant height based on males reaching 9.45.
Effect of Potassium levels on the growth and yield of wheat varieties (Triticum eastivum L.)
Authors: Al-Refai  , Al-Hasnawi
Published: April 2021

Afield experiment was conducted in the Um Al-Akf area in the northeast of Al-Muthanna Governorate (in the two seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020) to study effect of potassium levels on the characteristics of four varieties of wheat, and the experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the Split plates (split-plots design) Using the R.C.B.D and with three replications, Where the results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect of potassium levels in some of the studied characteristics, as the Samadhi level exceeded (120 Kg ha−1 ground + 9000 mg L−1 spraying) in the characteristic of plant height for the second season and the characteristic of leaf area (cm2) for the first season reached (67.46 cm and 19.12cm2) respectively, While the level (120 Kg ha−1 ground + 12000 mg L−1 spraying) for the first season in terms of dry weight (g plant−1) was 25.57 g plant−1, As for the effect of the varieties, the variety was superior to Babel in the two characteristics, plant height (67.84 and 68.78) cm and spike length (10.91 and 10.87) cm for both season, while the cultivar Abu Ghraib outperformed the chlorophyll content of the first season, it reached 19.55 Spad.
Effect of concentration and date of spraying with trace elements on growth and yield of cotton plant ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Al-Assaf Mohammad Ali , Abbud Raad Lahoob
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted in the fields of the Cotton Research Unit / Technical Agricultural College / Mosul, to study the effect of three concentrations of the trace element composition (0, 1.25, 2.5) ml / liter and three spraying dates (the vegetative growth stage, the flowering stage and the boll formation stage) on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of vegetative growth and yield of Lashata cultivar cotton plant. The seeds were sown at 15/4/2018 in mixed soil by adopting the design of complete random design. RCBD with three replicates and one experimental unit contained ten homogeneous plants. The results were analyzed and tested according to the Duncan polynomial test under the level of error probability of 5%. The results of this study showed a significant effect of the trace elements in most of the studied characteristics. Especially when adopting the spraying date in the vegetative growth stage as the vegetative growth characteristics increased (plant height, number of nodes until the first fruit branch, number of vegetative branches, number of fruiting branches) and quantity yield characteristics (number of bolls, weight of the existing boll, seed index, cotton yield Cast iron) and qualitative yield characteristics (staple index, percentage of hair, earliness percentage) and the interaction coefficients between spray concentrations and dates compared to control treatment.
A Vision to Develop the Effectiveness of the Dissemination of Innovations to Rationalize the Use of Irrigation Water in Iraqi Agriculture
Authors: Al-Taye Hussain Khadair , Fayyadh Saad Obaid , Hassooni Ihsan Radhi
Published: April 2021

Iraqi agriculture faces a major water problem, affecting cultivated areas, agricultural production, farmers’ incomes and food security. However, the results achieved in rationalizing the use of irrigation water are still limited and do not match what they should be in order to meet this serious challenge. The study aimed to provide a vision for the development of the effectiveness of the dissemination of innovations to rationalize the use of irrigation water in Iraqi agriculture. In light of the framework of the dissemination of agricultural innovations, factors related to their effectiveness, and the summary of the Iraqi experience in the field of dissemination of modern irrigation technologies and the factors related to its limited effectiveness, the vision was prepared to develop the effectiveness of the dissemination of these innovations. The vision consists of eight integrated elements, which are distributed to the internal and external environment for the dissemination of agricultural innovations, which are defined as follows: 1. Enhancing national responsibility and institutionalized partnership. 2. Development of planning. 3. Updating the approach of disseminating innovations. 4. Capacity development. 5. Active supplying. 6. Develop an enabling environment. 7. Establishment and development of infrastructure. 8. Monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement.
What are the Determinants of Investment in the Iraqi Agricultural Sector?
Authors: Drebee Hayder Abbas , Abdul Razak Nor Azam , Brisam Ahmed Abbas
Published: April 2021

The agricultural sector is one of the main economic activities that contribute to a country’s national economy. However, this sector’s growth in Iraq is facing difficulties considering the decline of agricultural capital stock and its reliance on government investment, which is insufficient. Therefore, it requires activating investment in the agricultural sector. Agricultural investment is affected by many determinants that prevent its development. This study aims to investigate the determinants of investment in Iraq such as the rate of inflation, corruption, and agricultural gross domestic production (GDP) for the period 2004Q1-2019Q4. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) is used to investigate the study parameters. The results indicated a significant impact of corruption, inflation, and agricultural GDP on Iraq’s agricultural investment in the long run. A 1% decrease in the inflation rate leads to an increase in agricultural investment by 50%. An increase in agricultural GDP by 1% leads to increased agricultural sector investment by 59%. 20% of the defect in the previous year for agricultural investment was corrected in the current year.

The results also indicated a long-term equilibrium relationship between investment in the agricultural sector, inflation, corruption, and agricultural GDP, which differed in their impact between the short and long terms. Therefore, decision-makers in Iraq must draw a clear future vision and set appropriate laws to attract investment in the agricultural sector for its development. The country needs financial and economic policies that achieve low and stable inflation rates and limit the adverse effects of inflationary pressures in the short and long term and combat the country’s rampant corruption.