bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Nanometer Iron Oxide by Sol-Gel Method and Supercritical Fluid Drying Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cao Jian Xin , Nie Deng Pan , Liu Fei , Dong Yong Gang
Published: March 2009

Iron oxide nanometer powders were prepared by using sol-gel method and the supercritical
fluid drying technology (SCFD) from inorganic salts. The characteristics of the iron oxide nanometer
powders were characterized systematically. The results showed that the drying and crystallization of the
production could be achieved in one step by SCFD method; furthermore, a highly dispersed, size
uniformed and with better crystallization magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles can be obtained. Phase
transformation of the as-synthesized powders occurs at about 80°C, and only hematite (α-Fe2O3) can be
obtained when being heated at temperatures higher than 400°C. The production synthesized by SCFD
exhibits significant magnetic properties. As the heat-treated temperature increase, the magnetic
properties of the sample decrease gradually.
Structure of Gd(5-x)HoxSi4 Solid Solutions
Authors: Zhou Y.F. , Hao Yong Mei , Hu Zhong Bo
Published: March 2009

A new systematic study of the formation and structure of solid solutions Gd (5-x)HoxSi4 (x = 1.0-5.0) has been performed. By X-ray powder diffraction method, it was found that these compounds all crystallize in orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma and the cell parameters a, b, c and the volume of unit cell are correlated with the holmium content.
Influence of Excess Bi2O3 on the Characteristics of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wei Yin Fang , Kao Chia Hsiung , Yang Cheng Fu , Chung Ho Hua , Huang Hong Hsin , Yang Yao Sheng
Published: March 2009

In this study, piezoelectric materials 0.95 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.05 BaTiO3 (NBT-BT)
composition with excess x wt% Bi2O3 (x=0, 1, 2, and 3) are investigated as a function of sintering
temperatures. The sintering characteristics and dielectric characteristics of excess Bi2O3-doped 0.95
(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3- 0.05 BaTiO3 ceramics are developed with the aid of SEM, XRD patterns, and
dielectric-temperature curves. The sintering process is carried out in air for 2h from 1120oC to
1200oC. Dielectric-temperature properties are investigated in the temperature range of 30oC~350oC at
the frequencies of 10KHz~1MHz. The maximum dielectric constants of NBT-BT ceramics first
increase with the increase of Bi2O3 content, reach the maximum at 1wt%- Bi2O3-added NBT-BT
ceramics, and then decrease with the further increase of Bi2O3 content. The maximum dielectric
constants of NBT-BT ceramics are almost unchanged as the measured frequency increases. The Curie
temperatures of NBT-BT ceramics are also developed.
Electrical Properties of Sb-Doped BaPbO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Xin , Lu Yu Dong , Zhuang Zhi Qiang
Published: March 2009

Sb-doped BaPbO3 ceramics were prepared by sol-gel method. The influence of Pb/Ba ratio and Sb concentration on the electrical properties of BaPb1+x-ySbyO3 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0≤y≤0.2) compositions were investigated. Holes and Pb vacancies were the major defects in lightly donor-doped BaPbO3, where the increase of donor concentration resulted in decrease of charge carriers (holes), leading to resistivity increasing. In the highly donor-doped conditions, the microstructure or solid solubility substituted defect structure as the main factor affecting the variety of resistivity. The lowest electrical resistivity of Sb-doped BaPbO3 was 2.69 × 10-4 /·cm when the Sb concentration y=0.12~0.13. Excess of Pb causes the born of barium vacancies. And, the observed PTCR behavior of BaPb1.2O3 involves the Barium vacancies in grain boundaries. 0.5 mol% Sb-doped BaPbO3 showed the best PTCR behavior and its Curie temperature was about 850°C.
A Novel Temperature Induced Gelation Forming Method
Authors: Xu Xin , Fu Ren Li , Ferreira José Maria F.
Published: March 2009

We describe the production of complex shaped ceramic green bodies with high strength and reliability using a novel forming method: temperature-induced gelation. Gelation is performed by moderately decreasing the temperature of the suspension, which induces in situ gelation and forms a network to bridge the suspended particles, leading to a stiff green body. The gelation mechanism is based on the separation of dispersant KD1 from solvent or the collapse of adsorbed layer on particle surface, which depends on the stability of starting suspensions.
Kinetics for Supercritical CO2 Debinding of Injection Molded ZrO2
Authors: Wu Yin , Si Wen Jie , Miao He Zhuo
Published: March 2009

Mercury porosimeter and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the pore
structures evolution and distributions for supercritical CO2 debinding of injection molding ceramics.
Classical diffusion equation was used to describe the mass transfer of supercritical CO2 debinding of the
injection molded ZrO2 ceramics. The behavior and kinetics of the debinding were studied and analyzed.
Results show that the solubility and diffusivity of soluble binder are the key factors in supercritical CO2
debinding, while the diffusivity is a dominant factor. The calculation data from the theoretical model are
consistent with the experiment under the condition of enough long debinding time. It is shown that the
diffusivity can be obtained by simple theoretical model combined with experimental data. The extraction
rate and the extraction kinetics of the process can be predicted using the theoretical model.
Fabrication of the Monolithic Silica Aerogels Using Sodium Silicate and its Network Strengthening
Authors: Han In Sub , Park Jong Chul , Kim Se Young , Hong Ki Seog
Published: March 2009

Silica wet gels were prepared from water glass (29 wt.% SiO2) by using Amberlite as a ion
exchange resin. After washing in distilled water, the wet gels were further aged in a solution of
TEOS/EtOH to strengthen the 3-dimensional network structure. With the increasing TEOS content in
aging solution, BET surface area and porosity of the ambient dried silica aerogel were decreased, and the
average pore diameter was decreased from 30nm to 10nm. Also, higher density and compressive strength
were obtained in case of higher TEOS content. This is due to the precipitation of SiO2 nano particle by
TEOS. Hence, TEOS addition plays an important role in both strengthening and increasing stiffness of
silica wet gel network. By adding 30 vol.% TEOS, a crack-free monolithic silica aerogel tiles were
obtained and its density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were shown 0.232 g/cm3, 7.3
MPa, and 0.029 W/mK, respectively.
Effects of Deposition Temperature on the Growth Characteristics of CVD SiC Coatings
Authors: Huo Yan Li , Chen Yu Feng
Published: March 2009

The effects of deposition temperature on the growth characteristics of CVD SiC coatings were
investigated. CVD SiC coatings were made by pyrolysis of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) in hydrogen at a
low pressure of 5kPa. The ratio of MTS to hydrogen was 1/12. The deposition temperatures were varied
from 1373K to 1503K. Optical microscope and SEM were used to observe the surface morphology and
microstructure of the coatings. XRD was used for characterization of the phase composition. Results
indicated that the deposition rate and the surface roughness varied with deposition temperature. At
1373K, the deposited grains were mainly equiaxed with the crystallite size of 22 nm. However, when the
deposition temperature was 1503K, the SiC grains were mainly showed faceted columnar structure with
the crystallite size of 32 nm. Grain size increased with the increase of deposition temperature.
Cation Distribution and Structural Instability in Pr-Doped Bi4Ti3O12
Authors: Mei X.A. , Chen Min , An W.K. , Huang Chong Qing , Liu J. , Cai A.H.
Published: March 2009

Pr-doped bismuth titanate (BixPryTi3O12: BPT) thin films with random orientation were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique, and the structures and Raman spectra of the films were investigated. XRD studies indicated that all of the BPT films consist of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure, showing a highly (117) oriented preferential growth with a minor fraction of (00l) orientation. For an increasing degree of Pr doping, Raman spectra studies revealed a substantial hardening of the vibration involving Bi atoms at the perovskite A site, whereas the Bi mode at the Bi2O2 layer is negligibly changed. From a comparison with a simple mass consideration, we identify a precise cation distribution, indicating a pronounced site selectivity of Pr ions for the A site for y ~ 1.2.
Surface Oxidation of Carbon Fiber and its Influence on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced BN-Si3N4 Composites
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Chang Rui , Cao Feng , Wang Si Qing , Cao Ying Bin , Chen Bang
Published: March 2009

Toray T300 PAN-based carbon fibers were surface oxidized in air at 300, 400 and 500 °C. The composition of surface was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and the monofilaments of original carbon fiber and surface oxidized carbon fibers were tensile tested at room temperature. Three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforced BN-Si3N4 matrix composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis using a hybrid precursor mixed by borazine and perhydropolysilazane. With the increase of the oxidation temperature, the content of size on the surface of fiber reduces, and the tensile strength of carbon fiber declines. Carbon fiber oxidized at 400 °C has a 93% residual strength and the fiber oxidized at 500 °C is seriously decayed. The composite reinforced by original carbon fibers exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high flexural strength (182.3 MPa) and good toughness; while the composite reinforced by 400 °C oxidized carbon fibers is weak (only 102.4 MPa) and brittle. The distinct difference of mechanical properties between the two composite is attributed to the change of the interfaces between carbon fibers and nitride matrices.
Sintering Temperature Study of Hot-Pressed Y-SiAlON Ceramics
Authors: Shan Ying Chun , Xu Jiu Jun , Song Qin Ji , Li Jiang Tao
Published: March 2009

In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and densification process of Y-SiAlON ceramics, by hot pressing at 1750°, 1800°, 1850° and 1900°C for 1 h, respectively, Y-α-SiAlON (m=1.2, n=1.2 according to formula Mm/3Si12-(m+n)Alm+nOnN16-n) was fabricated from α-Si3N4, AlN, Al2O3 and Y2O3 starting powers. The results showed that α-SiAlON phase is formed in all sintered specimens, and during Y-SiAlON sintering, all the samples begin to quickly shrink at 1550°C, and the shrinkage is finished at 1750°C, which indicate that 1550 ~ 1750 °C is very important for the densification process of Y-α-SiAlON ceramics, and 1750 °C is necessary for the Y-SiAlON densification. Higher sintering temperature contributes to α-SiAlON grain development and the SiAlON ceramics densification.
Property and Microstructure of Machinable B4C/BN Nanocomposites
Authors: Jiang Tao , Jin Zhi Hao , Yang Jian Feng , Qiao Guan Jun
Published: March 2009

The B4C/BN nanocomposites were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering of the B4C/BN
nanocomposite powders at 1850oC for 1h under the pressure of 30MPa. The composite powders with
the microstructure of B4C particles coated with nano-sized BN particles were prepared by the
chemical reaction of H3BO3 and CO(NH2)2 on the surface of B4C particles at high temperature. The
microstructure investigation of the nanocomposites sintered samples showed that the nano-sized
h-BN particles were homogenously distributed in the B4C matrix. With the increasing content of
h-BN, the density of the B4C/BN nanocomposites decreased gradually; the fracture strength and
fracture toughness of the B4C/BN nanocomposites decreased gradually, the strength and toughness of
the B4C/BN nanocomposites with the h-BN content of 10wt% and 20wt% achieved high values. The
Vickers hardness of the B4C/BN nanocomposites decreased remarkably with the increasing content of
h-BN, while the machinability of the B4C/BN nanocomposites was significantly improved. The
B4C/BN nanocomposites with the h-BN content more than 20wt% exhibited excellent machinability.
Micro Pattern Making Method on AlN-hBN Composites Using Powder Blasting Process
Authors: Beck Si Young , Lee Jung Won , Cho Myeong Woo , Park Dong Sam , Jang Ho Su , Cho Won Seung
Published: March 2009

In this study, micro patterns were formed on the developed AlN-hBN composites using powder
blasting techniques, which have been considered as one of the most appropriate micro machining methods
for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. To achieve the objective, first, material properties of the
developed AlN-hBN composites were evaluated according to the variation of h-BN contents. And, a
series of required experiments were performed, and the results were analyzed. As the results, it was
investigated that the machiniability of the developed AlN-hBN composites increased with the increase of
the h-BN contents in the composites. From the experimental results, it was possible to determine optimum
blasting conditions for micro pattern making on the developed AlN-hBN composites.
Influence of Microwave Sintering Environment on the Preparation of AlN Powder and Ceramic
Authors: Zeng Xiao Feng , Qian Duan Fen , Peng Hu , Li Wei Feng , Liu Xuan Yong
Published: March 2009

In this paper, AlN powder and ceramic are prepared by microwave sintering under various
sintering environments. The microstructures of the powder and the ceramic are characterized by scanning
electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technology. The mechanical and thermal properties of the
ceramic are studied. It was found that the sintering environment has great influence on the material
fabrication. The heat-assisted environment is beneficial to the synthesis of AlN powder. On the other
hand, the carbothermal sintering environment has the two-sided influence to the sintering of AlN ceramic.
Preparation of Composites from Al and Ti3AlC2 and its Tribo-Chemistry Reactions against Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Zhang Zhi Li , Zhai Hong Xiang , Zhou Yang , Huang Zhen Ying , Ai Ming Xing
Published: March 2009

Al/Ti3AlC2 composites containing 50vol% Al were prepared with high purity of polycrystalline
Ti3AlC2 and aluminum powders by pressureless-sintering route at temperatures of 700°C~ 800°C The
tribological properties of the composites were investigated by sliding the composites block dryly against
low carbon steel disk under high sliding speed. Before and after friction test, the morphology and phase
analysis were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), separately.
A definite tribo-glazing layer was found over the worn surface of the composite block, which was the
results of tribo-chemical oxidation reaction and the cause forming it could be the high frictional
temperature and the mechanical catabolism between the surface of Al/Ti3AlC2 and low carbon steel
during sliding friction. The effect of Ti3AlC2 on tribological properties of Al/Ti3AlC2 composite and the
possible tribo-chemical reaction mechanism on surface layer of Al/Ti3AlC2 were suggested.
Pressureless Sintering and Properties of Cu/Ti3AlC2 Composites
Authors: Huang Zhen Ying , Zhai Hong Xiang , Ai Ming Xing , Wang Yi , Zhang Hong Bing
Published: March 2009

The Cu/Ti3AlC2 composites were fabricated by pressureless sintering a mixture of Ti3AlC2 and
copper powders. Their microstructures and properties were investigated. It was found that the molten Cu
accelerating the decomposition of Ti3AlC2, inducing the interfacial exfoliation to generate, and forming a
sub-micro-layered structure making up of TiCx layers and Cu-Al alloy layers within a Ti3AlC2 grain. The
flexural strength of the composites is reduced with the increase of the volume content of Ti3AlC2 from
50 % to 90 %. The highest flexural strength reaches to as high as 915 MPa. The fracture mode was
changed from ductile to brittle with increase in the content of Ti3AlC2. The higher flexural strength can be
attributed to a stronger interface bond between TiCx and Cu-Al phase. The electrical resistivity and
Vickers hardness of the composites were also measured.
Adhesion Studies of Diamond-Like Carbon Films on 202 Stainless Steel Substrate with a Silicon Interlayer
Authors: Ji Li , Li Hong Xuan , Zhao Fei , Chen Jian Min , Zhou Hui Di
Published: March 2009

A silicon interlayer was introduced between the DLC films and 202 stainless steel
substrate using a medium frequency magnetron sputtering. The adhesion was evaluated by the
scratch tests and wear tests together. Two main parameters in the deposition process of Si
interlayers, i.e. the sputtering current and pulse bias voltage, were optimized respectively, and the
action mechanisms were discussed as well. Moreover, a special treatment with the purpose of
forming a complete graded intermixed Si-Fe interface was designed to improve the adhesion
strength further. DLC films with good adhesion strength were deposited on 202 stainless steel
substrates using a silicon interlayer.
Microstructure and Properties of TiC Coating by Vibrating Electrospark Deposition
Authors: Luo Cheng , Dong Shi Jie , Xiong Xiang
Published: March 2009

Protective TiC coating was produced on Cr-Zr-Cu electrode by vibrating electrospark
deposition. Microstructure of the functional coating with pre-treatment (clean) and post-treatment
(diffusion) were tested respectively. The deposition parameters on the structure of the substrate is
discussed. The results indicate that as-deposited substrate consists of four layers. There are many
micro-porous and micro-cracks in transition layer where mutual diffusion of Ti and Cu occurs,
which provides atomic bonding between the coating and the substrate. Pre-treatment modifies the
coating structure with small influence on its hardness whereas post-treatment modifies it and
reduces its hardness and thickness. The service time of the specimens with TiC coating 2.4 times
exceeds that of the uncoated ones.
Ultrasonic Characterization of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Irradiated by HIPIB
Authors: Lin Li , Zhao Y. , Chen J. , Li X.M. , Lei M.K.
Published: March 2009

High-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) irradiation at 300 A/cm2 with a shot number of 1,
and 5 was performed on the coatings and caused the modification of properties. Porosity and rough
surface of EB-PVD (Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition) deposited ZrO2-7%Y2O3 coatings
with the thickness of 150 μm on heat-resistant steel have been characterized using the ultrasonic
reflection coefficient phase spectrum. With increasing the shot number, the surface remelting and
ablating filled gaps and caves between columns, and induced more uniform and compact structure.
The ultrasonic measurement was investigated using immersion focusing pulse echo method with a 10
MHz transducer. The ultrasonic reflection coefficient related to frequency, velocity and attenuation
coefficient were analyzed based on the acoustic transmission model in a multi-layered structure. For
the as-deposited coating and coatings irradiated by HIPIB with the shot number of 1 and 5, the
ultrasonic velocity changed from 2950 to 3170, and 3255 m/s respectively. The relationship between
the attenuation coefficient and the frequency has been deduced based on the numerical fitting of the
phase spectrum. The corresponded expressions are 1.35 α = 0.105 f , 1.2 α = 0.045 f and 1.14 α = 0.035 f ,
which displays that the attenuation coefficient decreases with the increasing of shot number. The
ultrasonic results are in agreement with SEM observations, which have indicated that the coatings
became denser and uniform with increasing the shot number. From the velocity and attenuation
coefficient, the density, porosity, and microcracks of the coatings can be nondestructively evaluated
utilizing the method of this paper.
High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Nano-Al2O3 in Different Base Oils
Authors: Sun X.F. , Qiao Yu Lin , He Jia Wu , Ma Shi Ning , Hu C.H.
Published: March 2009

High temperature tribological behavior of nano-Al2O3 in different base oils were tested
by a SRV multifunctional test system. The results show that the nano-Al2O3 particles can obviously
improve the antiwear and friction reducing properties of the base oil under high temperature and
high load. The friction coefficients of the base oil with added nano-Al2O3 are reduced about 35%,
and abrasion loss reduces about 60%. When temperature is 500°C and load is 500N the pure base
oil has lost lubricative function, but the base oil with added nano-Al2O3 can still remain the lower
friction coefficients. Tribological behavior should be similar to the “ball bearing” lubrication action
of the nano-Al2O3 particles, so the movement between the two tribological pairs becomes
sliding/rolling.
Effect of High Pressure Waterjet Peening on Surface Strengthening Properties of 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Guo Qing , Zhang Da , Song Jun Hui , Zeng Yan Song , Li Zhi Qiang , Zhou Wen Long
Published: March 2009

The high pressure waterjet peening (WJP) was adopted to strengthen the surfaces of
7075-T651 aluminum alloy. The results demonstrate that the processing parameters such as shooting
distance, holding time and water pressure affected the abrasive capacity of gas cavities significantly.
Compared with non-peening and shot peening (SP) specimens, the fatigue life of as-WJPed
specimens was improved by 22% and 6.6%, respectively. The maximum residual compressive stress
generated by WJP and SP was approximately equivalent, which is −350 ≤ σ ≤ −400MPa. While the
residual compressive stress near the strengthened surface introduced by WJP was higher than that of
SP, hence the fatigue life of WJPed specimen increased much more. The surface roughness
strengthened by WJP was also better than that of SP. Because the surface profile was well protected in
WJP, the good surface qualities also insured a long fatigue life.
Research on the Stress Intensity Factor of the Crack Parallel to and Lying on the Interface of Cermet Cladding Parts
Authors: Yang Jun Ru , Li Zhao Qian , Huang Chuan Zhen , Zhang Yue Kan , Qian Kang Kang
Published: March 2009

Basing on the theoretical study on the stress intensity factor (SIF) of the crack parallel to and lying on the interface of the cermet cladding part, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the crack’s SIF is made. The change laws of the SIF with the load action angleψ, the load Q, the clad thickness ratio h1/h and the elastic modulus ratio E1/E2 are obtained. The research results have theoretical and steering significance on the wide application of the cermet cladding part.
Theoretical Research on Tooth Profile Modification with Electroplated CBN Hard Honing Wheels
Authors: Zhang Man Dong , Lv Ming , Yang Sheng Qiang
Published: March 2009

Using plated CBN hard honing wheels with standard involute tooth profiles, there will be
the middle concave error around pitch circle on the machined gear tooth surfaces. Therefore,
standard involute tooth profiles of honing wheels have to be modified properly before electroplating
CBN. In the paper, aiming at the tooth profile modification of honing wheels, the standard involute
curve was converted into a spline curve, and control points of the spline curve were parameterized
in solid modeling of honing wheels. By the Pro/E and ANSYS Workbench software, the engaging
situation between honing wheel and gear was analyzed. Based on the analysis results, assuming the
control points around pitch circle were set as variable parameter, and basically equal contact
pressures were set as response variable parameter, the tooth surfaces of hard honing wheels were
properly corrected, it was proved useful to reduce or eliminate middle concave error in practice.
Influence of Drill Geometry in Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Tsao Chung Chen
Published: March 2009

Twist drill is widely used in hole-making process in industries, due their low production cost and ease of regrinding after wear. However, drilling of fiber reinforced plastics with twist drill often results in defects and damages, such as delamination, debonding, spalling and fiber pullout. The chisel edge of twist drill is the mainly influence for the thrust force and the hole quality in drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates. Pre-drilled pilot hole or reduce chisel edge can eliminate the threat for twist drill in drilling induced-delamination. Drilling-induced thrust force was selected as quality character factors to optimize the drilling parameters (drill type, feed rate and spindle speed) to get the smaller the better machining characteristics by Taguchi method. The results show that the feed rate and drill type are the most significant factor affecting the induced-thrust in drilling CFRP laminates.
Research on Micro Electrochemical Milling
Authors: Li Xiao Hai , Wang Zhen Long , Wang Jun Fa , Wang Xin Rong
Published: March 2009

A new process of fabricating microstructures through micro electrochemical milling
(micro EC milling) is proposed. By utilizing side wall of simple micro tool electrode rotating at high
speed like micro mechanical milling and controlling the movement track on NC three-axis feed
worktable, microstructures with high precision can be milled by micro-ECM under high-frequency
short-pulse current. Micro EC milling can greatly improve the machining status in the tiny machining
gap and thus make machining stable by simple rotary column electrode. The influence factors on the
accuracy of micro-EC milling were investigated through process experiments, such as feed speed,
machining voltage and kind of electrolyte. The process of the NC generating micro-ECM integrating
CAD/CAM technology is studied. G code for machining complex microstructures can be generated
by the universal CAD/CAM of traditional milling based on UG software. Last, Microstructures with
complex shape were milled by this process, for example the micro bend beam with width of about
50μm, and its aspect ratio is about 6.
Building and Simulation of the Digital Polishing Path of Mold Free-Curved Surface
Authors: Ding Jin Fu , Zhang Ke Hua , Mei Guang Yi , Yu Fu Jin
Published: March 2009

In order to solve the difficulty of polishing process at present. Polishing posture was analyzed at the contact spot of polishing cutter with work piece in this paper, and how to layout the polishing path and its built method were discussed emphatically, carried out simulation analysis with Mastercam software, and proposed suitable building method of path according to different region using different polishing method. Finally, it is proved that an ideal effect would be achieved.
The Research of Remote Monitoring and Intelligent Maintenance System for Large Asphalt Mixing Plant
Authors: Song Sheng Li , Xiao Chong Yu , Zhou Qi Cai , Li Wan Li , Tang Yu Qing , Liu Xue Xia , Feng Tao
Published: March 2009

The remote monitoring and intelligent maintenance is one of the most important criteria
for evaluating a product or a service. This paper focuses on the large asphalt mixing plant, an
internet/intranet technology-based Browser/Server structure model of remote intelligent
maintenance system for asphalt mixing plant is designed. The critical technologies of realizing the
system which include the fieldbus-based data collection technology, the database technology, the
intelligent fault diagnosis technology as well as the ASP technology are deeply studied respectively.
The remote monitoring and intelligent maintenance system will well provide an effective and
efficient activity that meets the customers’ requirements and satisfaction.
The Influence of Thermocouples on the Measurement of Grinding Temperatures
Authors: Fang Cong Fu , Huang Hui , Xu Xi Peng
Published: March 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to reveal the influence of thermocouples on
the measurement of grinding temperatures. The temperatures at the wheel-workpiece interface were
measured in dry grinding using two types of foil thermocouples. It is shown that the temperatures
measured by the different types or geometric parameters of thermocouples were rather different. For
a specific thermocouple, the temperatures generally decreased with the reduced end-surface area of
the thermocouple, which is possibly related to the reduced number of abrasives at the
wheel-thermocouple interface.
On-Machine Measurement for Touch-Trigger Probes and its Error Compensation
Authors: Qian Xiao Ming , Ye Wen Hua , Chen Xiao Mei
Published: March 2009

This paper advances a method to implement the on-machine measurement (OMM) with
the touch-trigger probe, also called switching probes. Some of the advantages and disadvantages for
touch-trigger probe are discussed. However, the touch-trigger probe errors exist and become one of
the major errors for the measurement accuracy. Major factors that influence the probe measurement
have been analyzed. The basic technique of probe measurement error modeling with artificial neural
network was researched, and also the probe measurement error compensation with 3-layered backpropagation
artificial neural network was presented. At last in the experimental system composed of
DIXI 50 machining center, Fanuc 16i control system, Blum CNC P82.046 probe and PC, valid the
correlated techniques. In addition, the connection and communication between the machining center
equipped with probe system and the computer have been introduced. The experiment indicated that,
using the touch-trigger probe makes on-machine measurement more automatic and efficient. And
by using the back-propagation neural network for error compensation make on-machine
measurement more precise.
A Terminal Sliding Mode Tracking Control Algorithm for Mobile Robots
Authors: Zhao Yi Hong , Zhou Ji Ping , Chen Rong Fa
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a new trajectory tracking control algorithm to uncertain mobile robot with nonholonomic constraints. This algorithm is based on the non-singular terminal sliding mode technique, which can eliminate the singularity problem caused by conventional terminal sliding mode control. The system state vector is designed using backstepping method, this method breaks down nonlinear systems into low dimensional systems and simplifies the controller design. By combining Lyapunov method, it is proved that under this control law, the pose errors converge to zero, the mobile robot can track the desired trajectory when the desired velocity satisfies some assumptions. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.
Study on Balance Precision of Ultra-High Speed CBN Grinding Wheel System
Authors: Xiu Shi Chao , Liu Jian , Li Chang He , Cai Guang Qi
Published: March 2009

The balance precision of grinding wheel is a key technical parameter in ultra-high speed
grinding process. The actual standard for the balance precision of rigid rotor is not fit for the thin
ultra-high speed grinding system well. The unbalance factors affected on the ultra-high speed
grinding wheel and its system were analyzed, and its effects on the machining quality in the process
were also discussed. The theory and select principle of the balance precision for ultra-high speed
grinding wheel system were studied. The test of dynamic performance was performed for the thin
ultra-high speed CBN grinding wheel system whose structure was optimized. The groundwork to
establish the standard of balance precision for thin ultra-high speed grinding system was offered.
Analysis of Interlayer between WC–Co and CVD Diamond Film
Authors: Lu Wen Zhuang , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min , Xu Feng
Published: March 2009

Electroplated Cr, Ni and Cu were used as interlayer for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
diamond coating on WC–Co cemented carbide cutting tools. The electroplated interlayers were
studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) and
X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CVD diamond coatings were studied by SEM and Raman Scattering
Spectroscopy (Raman). The experimental results show that there is diffusion bonded interface
between electroplated layer and WC-Co substrate after H plasma treatment, the bond between
electroplated layers and WC-Co substrate changes from mechanical bond to metallurgical bond and
the adhesion becomes stronger. Electroplated Cr interlayer forms new phases of Cr3C2 and Cr7C3
under CVD conditions, while electroplated Ni and Cu interlayers do not form carbides under CVD
conditions. Cr carbides have good chemical compatibility to diamond, and they are propitious to
diamond nucleation and growth during the deposition period. The diamond crystal microstructure,
diamond quality and adhesion on Cr interlayer are better than those on electroplated Ni and Cu
interlayers.
Ensuring Implant Fixation and Sol-Gel Derived Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Areva Sami , Jokinen Mika
Published: March 2009

Bioactive ceramic coatings have been widely applied to ensure direct chemical implant-bone
contact, thus reducing the time required for osseointegration. In this respect the plasma-sprayed CaP
coatings are the most widely applied, although the composition, structure and the adhesion to the
substrate are difficult to control. Despite the success in preparing a large variety of bioactive
ceramics, metal implants are still widely used in load-bearing orthopedic and dental applications.
Regardless, that the inert metallic materials do not form a chemical bond with tissues, in both hard
and soft tissue environments, but rather a fibrous tissue capsule is formed. In order for a material to
chemically attach to bone, spontaneous formation (or ready-made presence) of bone-mineral like
calcium phosphate (CaP) on the materials’ surface in physiological environments is needed. In this
review both conventional and sol-gel derived ceramics are discussed as well as the recent attempts
to ensure implant fixation. Special focus is put on the use of sol-gel derived titania coatings and
their applications including the newest findings in soft tissue environment.
Syntesis of Mesoporous Microparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Arcos Daniel , López-Noriega Adolfo , Ruiz-Hernández Eduardo , Ruiz Luisa , González-Calbet José María , Vallet-Regí Maria
Published: March 2009

Towards the design of bioceramics with control over both macroscopic shape and mesoporosity, silica based mesoporous materials have been synthesized using evaporation-induced self-assembly method by two different routes: room temperature (RT) and aerosol-assisted synthesis (A-A). Two series varying surfactant/silica precursor ratio have been synthesized in order to check the mesopore ordering as a function of the structure directing agent amount in both preparation procedures. The A-A method leads to spherical microparticles, which exhibit mesopore ordering for a wider surfactant/silica range compared with room temperature method, which yield irregular shaped particles. Textural properties values show that for the same surfactant amount, aerosol-assisted method develops higher porosity values in the obtained silica microparticles.
High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Magnesium Alloys under Corrosive Environment
Authors: Mutoh Yoshiharu , Shahnewaz Bhuiyan M. , Sajuri Zainuddin
Published: March 2009

The high cycle fatigue characteristics of magnesium alloys under low humidity, high
humidity (80% RH) and sprayed 5%NaCl solution environments have been introduced. Fatigue
limit of bulk magnesium alloy was significantly reduced even under high humidity condition, while
other structural materials such as steel and aluminum alloy showed no influence of humidity on
fatigue limit. The reduction of fatigue limit under 5% NaCl environments was much larger than that
under high humidity environment. The remarkable reduction of fatigue limit under corrosive
environments was attributed to the formation of corrosion pit, which was induced by simultaneous
action of mechanical loading and corrosive environment. To improve the reduced fatigue strength
under corrosive environment, coating used to apply on the surface. Non-chromium chemical
conversion coating showed superior effect on the improvement of fatigue strength under corrosive
environment compared to anodized coating. Fatigue strengths of the coated and painted AZ61 alloy
under high humidity and 5%NaCl environments showed almost the same fatigue strength as bulk
material under low humidity.
Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Nakai Yoshikazu , Seki Makoto
Published: March 2009

In the present study, the fatigue crack propagation tests of Zr-based metallic glass were conducted in laboratory air, and the fracture surface was observed to clarify the effects of loading frequency and the stress ratio. In spite of being brittle material, the metallic glass showed stable fatigue crack propagation behaviour, and the relationship between the crack propagation rate, da/dN, and the stress intensity range, K, can be divided into three regions as well as conventional crystalline metals. The crack propagation rate can be expressed as a function of the stress intensity range by Paris law in the middle region. The power in Paris law was 1.4, and it is considerably smaller than the value for conventional crystalline metals. The threshold stress intensity range, Kth, was 1.8 MPam1/2. The effects of the stress ratio and the loading frequency were not observed on the relationships, da/dN-K and da/dN-Keff. Then, the fatigue crack propagation of the metallic glass is cycle dependent in laboratory air.
The Property Driven Innovation of Materials for Use in Ophthalmology
Authors: Chapoy L. Lawrence , Lally John M.
Published: March 2009

Innovations are tracked and explained for four different classes of Ophthalmologic devices: contact
lenses, intraocular lenses, intracorneal rings and viscoelastic agents. Successive improvements in
the performance profile of these devices are driven by deficiencies that come to light for each
version of the device, thus leading to a continuous evolution and product improvement. Standard
considerations of materials engineering property profiles can and do apply. There is nothing
mysterious about the use of such materials in connection with devices used for ophthalmology. The
motivation leading to such innovation is the value proposition relating to the research and
development expenditures and the promise of an eventual return.
Measuring and Machining of Ripples on Silicon Surface with Femtosecond Pulse Laser
Authors: Fu Xing , Li L. , Wu Y. , Geng N.
Published: March 2009

Experiments are carried out on a femtosecond laser micromachining system with the wavelength 775nm. The ablated patterns on Si (100) and Si (111) surfaces affected by femtosecond pulse laser parameters are presented. The periodic structure termed ripples on silicon surface is investigated. Two kinds of ripples on the ablated surface are observed by SEM. The whole ablation region indicates the ablated field of all amount of laser energy. The ablation region forms two circular areas. The cross section image of the ablated region is showed which is cut by FIB in the orthogonal direction of the line of the center ripples. The depth of ripples is measured. Adjusted the laser fluence as about 0.3~0.33J/cm2 and the pulse number as changeable from 1 to 50, the forming process of the ripples is observed and studied by AFM. Another experiment is done that the wave-plates are inserted into the space between the objective and sample, the result of the direction of ripples changed with the wave-plates of 1/2 or 1/4 is reviewed.
Research on a Novel Vibration System for Dynamic Balancing Measurement Based on Flexure Hinge Mechanism
Authors: Zhao D. , Qin P. , Cai Ping
Published: March 2009

A novel vibration system for dynamic balancing measurement is presented based on
flexure hinges mechanism. A kinetics modeling for this novel vibration system is established, and
its equivalent stiffness and natural frequencies are analyzed in depth. Finally the obtained
simulation results by ANSYS FEM validate the correction of the theoretical analysis and provide
advantageous conclusions for optimal design of vibration system.
Tactile and Optical Microsensors - Test Procedures and Standards
Authors: Neuschaefer-Rube Ulrich , Neugebauer Michael , Ehrig W. , Bartscher Markus , Hilpert U.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents procedures and standards to test tactile and optical microsensors and
micro-computed tomography (CT) systems. The tests are similar to the established tests for classical
coordinate measuring machines and assess local and global sensor characteristics. For this purpose,
adequate and miniaturized reference standards were manufactured, calibrated and tested. In addition,
task-specific reference standards have been realized to determine special sensor characteristics such
as the maximum slope angle measurable by optical sensors or specific errors of tactile-optical microprobes
measuring deep microholes.
A Novel Laser Feedback Interferometer for Metrology of Large Range Displacement
Authors: Mao W. , Zhang S.I.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a novel laser feedback interferometer for metrology of large range
displacement. A Birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency laser is applied in the system. Due to its strong
optical feedback effects, the intensity modulation curves of the two polarized lights will have a zero
intensity part in a period. A quartz crystal is used in the external feedback cavity as a birefringent
element. And a phase difference between the two lights can be adjusted to π/2. Thus, the intensity
modulation curves in a period can be divided into four polarization zones with equal width. When the
displacement of the object to be measured is produced, the four polarization zones will appear in
sequence. According to the appearance order of the four zones, the direction of the displacement can
be discriminated without ambiguity and the resolution of the system can be greatly increased. It is
confirmed that the laser feedback interferometer has a resolution of 79.1nm and with a linearity of
0.01% over the whole measurement range of 15mm.
Characterizing the Thermal Properties of Solid Materials with Weakly Absorption by the Transient Thermal Grating Method
Authors: Xu Xiao Dong , Liu X.J.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a perpendicularly overlapped transient thermal grating (TTG) method is
proposed to characterize the weakly absorptive or poorly reflective materials. Based on the
Kirchhoff’s law and thermal elastic theory, the theoretical distribution of the diffraction light in space,
which modulated by the overlapped TTG method and TTG method, have been given. As the
simulation results shows, the diffraction ability of the perpendicularly overlapped TTG is much better
than that of the TTG method, and much suitable to characterize the thermal properties of opaque
sample with weak absorptivity or poor reflectivity.
Positional Detection in Grating Mosaic Based on Image Processing of Far-Field Diffraction Intensity Patterns in Two Wavelengths
Authors: Hu Yao , Zeng Li Jiang
Published: March 2009

As an alternative for producing the meter-size diffraction grating demanded in many
technical field, grating mosaic requires positional detection with accuracy of sub-microns. In this
paper, we propose a positional detection method based on image processing of three far-field
diffraction intensity patterns in two wavelengths. With a set of detailed adjustment steps deduced
from theoretical analysis, we successfully detected and separated the two positional errors.
Moreover, with the three patterns we enlarged the target range of coarse adjustment required for
further fine adjustment in longitudinal position. We achieved positional detection sensitivity of less
than 14 nm, and diagnosed the alignment with the far-field pattern in a third wavelength.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electro-Active Polymer for Flexible Tactile Sensing Array
Authors: Tsao L.C. , Chang D.R. , Shih Wen Ping , Fan Kuang Chao
Published: March 2009

This paper presents fabrication and characterization of a pressure-sensitive polymeric composite on a flexible readout circuit as an artificial skin. Porous nylon was used as the matrix, which provided skin-like mechanical properties. Inside the matrix, polypyrrole was electrochemically deposited and acted as conductive dopant. The fabrication was detailed. The conductivity of the fabricated composite increased when a compressive load was applied. The electro-mechanical characteristics of the composite were measured.
Measurement of Acoustic Emission Wave by Using Optical Fiber Sensor during Microsecond Discharge
Authors: Akematsu Yoshiaki , Hirao Atsutoshi , Takezawa H. , Kageyama Kazuro , Mohri Naotake , Murayama Hideaki
Published: March 2009

In this study, we investigate the effect of discharge current on the occurrence of burst AE
wave caused by microsecond discharge. Electrical discharge duration was changed from about 1µs to
8µs by using condenser circuit. Effect of current behavior was estimated by comparing with
experimental signal and simulation one. AE wave was detected by optical fiber vibration sensor. The
optical fiber vibration sensor is located on an aluminum work-piece (cathode) plate. Simulation was
carried out with MSC. Marc. As the results, it was found that AE wave was occurred by a force
depending on electrical current behavior. The force direction was machining direction. The force has
been occurred during microsecond discharge.
Optimal Design of Microaccelerometer
Authors: Liang Yen Chu , Sun Yun Ping
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a nonlinear optimization design of microaccelerometer. The sensitivity
rates with respect to the structural sizes, for example, length, width, and depth, are simulated before
we start the optimal design. Four types of microaccelerometers are investigated that the maxima
sensitivity and bandwidth are taken into the design specification. The results meet the requirement of
large bandwidth successfully.
A Study on Dynamic Performance of Precise XY Stages Using Real-Time Input Shaping
Authors: Park Sang Won , Hong S.W. , Choi H.S. , Singhose W.E.
Published: March 2009

Reducing residual vibration is very crucial to enhance the speed and precision of XY
stages which are often employed by manufacturing/measuring machines. Input shaping is known to
be a very effective tool for suppressing such residual vibration without introducing any complicated
sensors and feedback control. This paper investigated the effects of input command discretization
parameters in real-time input shaping, such as discretizing interval and duration time, on the dynamic
performance of a XY stage equipped with servo motors. A simulation model is established to
investigate the dynamic performance of the XY stage. In order to evaluate the real-time input shaping
parameters on the performance of the XY stage, two fundamental input shaping schemes, ZV(zero
vibration) and ZVD(zero vibration and derivative), are implemented and tested with the discretizing
interval and duration time varied. The experimental results provide a strategy to gain better
performance.
On the Measurement of Dielectric Constant of Coatings with Capacitance Sensors
Authors: Guadarrama-Santana Asur , García-Valenzuela Augusto
Published: March 2009

In this work we show that in many practical situations it is possible to obtain the dielectric
constant of coatings on plane conductive substrates by means of capacitance measurements with a
single electrode without precise knowledge of the thickness.
Achieving Nanorad Level Stability of Beam Deflection with Scanning Pentaprisms
Authors: Geckeler Ralf D.
Published: March 2009

A movable pentaprism is a key element in deflectometric profilers, where it directs the
beam of an angle measuring device towards the surface under test and enables at the same time the
flexible lateral displacement of the beam footprint on the surface. The beam deflection angle of the
pentaprism is robust with regard to changes in its angular orientation. Optimal stability is achieved,
however, only when the angle measuring device, the pentaprism, and the surface have initially been
properly aligned. A newly developed procedure enables the rapid and accurate in-situ adjustment of
all angles of the optical components in deflectometric set-ups with an uncertainty of several microrad.
In combination with precision mechanical stages, variations in the prism’s deflection angle (caused by
changes in its angular orientation) can then be limited to the nanorad level.