bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Urban Flood Inundation and Recession Impacted by Manholes
Authors: GebreEgziabher Merhawi , Demissie Yonas
Published: April 2020

Urban flooding, caused by unusually intense rainfall and failure of storm water drainage, has become more frequent and severe in many cities around the world. Most of the earlier studies focused on overland flooding caused by intense rainfall, with little attention given to floods caused by failures of the drainage system. However, the drainage system contributions to flood vulnerability have increased over time as they aged and became inadequate to handle the design floods. Adaption of the drainages for such vulnerability requires a quantitative assessment of their contribution to flood levels and spatial extent during and after flooding events. Here, we couple the one-dimensional Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to a new flood inundation and recession model (namely FIRM) to characterize the spatial extent and depth of manhole flooding and recession. The manhole overflow from the SWMM model and a fine-resolution elevation map are applied as inputs in FIRM to delineate the spatial extent and depth of flooding during and aftermath of a storm event. The model is tested for two manhole flooding events in the City of Edmonds in Washington, USA. Our two case studies show reasonable match between the observed and modeled flood spatial extents and highlight the importance of considering manholes in urban flood simulations.
Assessment of Agricultural Water Productivity in Arid China
Authors: Yan Nana , Wu Bingfang , Zhu Weiwei
Published: April 2020

The water crisis has become increasingly serious, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. Agricultural water productivity (AWP) is an important indicator for evaluating water use efficiency and agricultural water management. This study uses water consumption derived from satellite data, combined with statistical survey information, to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of AWP at the region and county scales over the past 15 years (2002–2015) in the Turpan region (China). The results showed the increasing change trends of AWP throughout Turpan and its three counties. A multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate AWP, agricultural production and water consumption with driving factors. The contribution of agricultural factors (fertilizer amount, pesticide use and irrigation area) was 86.3% for change of production and 93.3% for change of water consumption in Turpan. The synchronous changes associated with the similar factor contributions resulted in a nonsignificant change in AWP for the whole region. However, the significant increase in AWP in Toksun County was caused by a weakened effect of synchronous changes due to the difference between the largest contributing factors (irrigation area for production at 29.3% and temperature for water consumption at 35.4%). The different change trends of the AWP at regional and county levels indicated that agricultural planting structure adjustment could be an effective way to improve water productivity. This paper provides objective and new information to understand the effects of AWP changes at regional and county scales, which is beneficial for irrigation agriculture development in Turpan.
Fatigue Life Study of Francis Pump under Reverse Generation Condition Based on Fluid Solid Coupling
Authors: Chen Xiaocui , Zheng Yuan , Xu Junhui , Zhang Yuquan , Fernandez-Rodriguez E. , Li Chengyi , Zhou Ying , Jiang Tao
Published: April 2020

In non-design conditions, severe hydraulic instability can affect the stability of a pump station and even shorten its service life. A Francis pump station in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was examined to carry out a numerical simulation of the entire flow passage using a bidirectional fluid–solid method for static and fatigue life. Due to the inlet setting, reverse power generation exhibited a more distorted flow pattern that resulted in higher energy loss than the pump condition. The radial force acting on the blades in reverse power generation was 39.1% higher. Runner stress was mainly concentrated at the leading edge and blade edge. The maximum stress in reverse power generation was 35.7 MPa, which was about 28.5% higher than in the pump condition. While the maximum deformation was 0.035 mm, almost 94.4% more severe than in the pump condition, mainly concentrated at the leading edge. Based on the fatigue analysis, a minimum safety factor obtained numerically was 8.238 in the pump condition and 6.343 in the reverse power condition, respectively. The safety factors satisfy the safety standard of the runner material and meet requirements of safety and stability in the reverse power generation condition.
Rural Water Collection Patterns: Combining Smart Meter Data with User Experiences in Tanzania
Authors: Ingram Will , Memon Fayyaz Ali
Published: April 2020

Water collection from piped water distribution systems (PWSs) in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa is not understood in much detail. Here, distances travelled to distribution points (DPs), volumes collected, times of day of collection, and the relationship between location of DP and volume dispensed are investigated in a rural community in Tanzania using a combination of novel smart pre-payment meters and results from surveys and interviews. Continuous availability of water through pre-payment smart meters is shown to eliminate queue time, freeing time for farming or schooling, and enhance revenue collection for service provision. 97% of users use DPs as a main source of drinking water as opposed to unimproved alternative sources, and 42% live further than 400 m from a DP. Collection occurs across daylight with greater volumes dispensed in the afternoon–evening due to free time from economic activities and children returning from school. A low mean daily collection of 47 L per household from DPs is approximated. Volume dispensed across different DPs over time shows no clear pattern. However, the volume dispensed is indicated by the number of households that use each DP. Increasing PWS capacity can accommodate for variable collection patterns, and help improve sustainability of rural water supply.
Porous Medium Typology Influence on the Scaling Laws of Confined Aquifer Characteristic Parameters
Authors: Fallico Carmine , Lauria Agostino , Aristodemo Francesco
Published: April 2020

An accurate measurement campaign, carried out on a confined porous aquifer, expressly reproduced in laboratory, allowed the determining of hydraulic conductivity values by performing a series of slug tests. This was done for four porous medium configurations with different granulometric compositions. At the scale considered, intermediate between those of the laboratory and the field, the scalar behaviors of the hydraulic conductivity and the effective porosity was verified, determining the respective scaling laws. Moreover, assuming the effective porosity as scale parameter, the scaling laws of the hydraulic conductivity were determined for the different injection volumes of the slug test, determining a new relationship, valid for coarse-grained porous media. The results obtained allow the influence that the differences among the characteristics of the porous media considered exerted on the scaling laws obtained to be highlighted. Finally, a comparison was made with the results obtained in a previous investigation carried out at the field scale.
Nitrogen Mass Balance and Pressure Impact Model Applied to an Urban Aquifer
Authors: Janža Mitja , Prestor Joerg , Pestotnik Simona , Jamnik Brigita
Published: April 2020

The assurance of drinking water supply is one of the biggest emerging global challenges, especially in urban areas. In this respect, groundwater and its management in the urban environment are gaining importance. This paper presents the modeling of nitrogen load from the leaky sewer system and from agriculture and the impact of this pressure on the groundwater quality (nitrate concentration) in the urban aquifer located beneath the City of Ljubljana. The estimated total nitrogen load in the model area of 58 km2 is 334 ton/year, 38% arising from the leaky sewer system and 62% from agriculture. This load was used as input into the groundwater solute transport model to simulate the distribution of nitrate concentration in the aquifer. The modeled nitrate concentrations at the observation locations were found to be on average slightly lower (2.7 mg/L) than observed, and in general reflected the observed contamination pattern. The ability of the presented model to relate and quantify the impact of pressures from different contamination sources on groundwater quality can be beneficially used for the planning and optimization of groundwater management measures for the improvement of groundwater quality.
Participatory Approach for More Robust Water Resource Management: Case Study of the Santa Rosa Sub-Watershed of the Philippines
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Johnson Brian Alan , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Avtar Ram , Chakraborty Shamik , Kawai Masayuki , Magcale-Macandog Damasa B.
Published: April 2020

Due to the cumulative effects of rapid urbanization, population growth and climate change, many inland and coastal water bodies around the world are experiencing severe water pollution. To help make land-use and climate change adaptation policies more effective at a local scale, this study used a combination of participatory approaches and computer simulation modeling. This methodology (called the “Participatory Watershed Land-use Management” (PWLM) approach) consist of four major steps: (a) Scenario analysis, (b) impact assessment, (c) developing adaptation and mitigation measures and its integration in local government policies, and (d) improvement of land use plan. As a test case, we conducted PWLM in the Santa Rosa Sub-watershed of the Philippines, a rapidly urbanizing area outside Metro Manila. The scenario analysis step involved a participatory land-use mapping activity (to understand future likely land-use changes), as well as GCM precipitation and temperature data downscaling (to understand the local climate scenarios). For impact assessment, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool was used to simulate future river water quality (BOD and E. coli) under a Business as Usual (BAU) scenario and several alternative future scenarios considering different drivers and pressures (to 2030). Water samples from the Santa Rosa River in 2015 showed that BOD values ranged from 13 to 52 mg/L; indicating that the river is already moderately to extremely polluted compared to desirable water quality (class B). In the future scenarios, we found that water quality will deteriorate further by 2030 under all scenarios. Population growth was found to have the highest impact on future water quality deterioration, while climate change had the lowest (although not negligible). After the impact assessment, different mitigation measures were suggested in a stakeholder consultation workshop, and of them (enhanced capacity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and increased sewerage connection rate) were adopted to generate a final scenario including countermeasures. The main benefit of the PWLM approach are its high level of stakeholder involvement (through co-generation of the research) and use of free (for developing countries) software and models, both of which contribute to an enhanced science-policy interface.
Assessing the Benefits of Forested Riparian Zones: A Qualitative Index of Riparian Integrity Is Positively Associated with Ecological Status in European Streams
Authors: Burdon Francis J. , Ramberg Ellinor , Sargac Jasmina , Forio Marie Anne Eurie , de Saeyer Nancy , Mutinova Petra Thea , Moe Therese Fosholt , Pavelescu Mihaela Oprina , Dinu Valentin , Cazacu Constantin , Witing Felix , Kupilas Benjamin , Grandin Ulf , Volk Martin , Rîşnoveanu Geta , Goethals Peter , Friberg Nikolai , Johnson Richard K. , McKie Brendan G.
Published: April 2020

Developing a general, predictive understanding of ecological systems requires knowing how much structural and functional relationships can cross scales and contexts. Here, we introduce the CROSSLINK project that investigates the role of forested riparian buffers in modified European landscapes by measuring a wide range of ecosystem attributes in stream-riparian networks. CROSSLINK involves replicated field measurements in four case-study basins with varying levels of human development: Norway (Oslo Fjord), Sweden (Lake Mälaren), Belgium (Zwalm River), and Romania (Argeş River). Nested within these case-study basins include multiple, independent stream-site pairs with a forested riparian buffer and unbuffered section located upstream, as well as headwater and downstream sites to show cumulative land-use impacts. CROSSLINK applies existing and bespoke methods to describe habitat conditions, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Here, we summarize the approaches used, detail protocols in supplementary materials, and explain how data is applied in an optimization framework to better manage tradeoffs in multifunctional landscapes. We then present results demonstrating the range of riparian conditions present in our case-study basins and how these environmental states influence stream ecological integrity with the commonly used macroinvertebrate Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) index. We demonstrate that a qualitative index of riparian integrity can be positively associated with stream ecological status. This introduction to the CROSSLINK project shows the potential for our replicated study with its panoply of ecosystem attributes to help guide management decisions regarding the use of forested riparian buffers in human-impacted landscapes. This knowledge is highly relevant in a time of rapid environmental change where freshwater biodiversity is increasingly under pressure from a range of human impacts that include habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.
Study on Flow Velocity during Wheeled Capsule Hydraulic Transportation in a Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Li Yongye , Gao Yuan , Sun Xihuan , Zhang Xuelan
Published: April 2020

As a clean, low-carbon, and green hydraulic transportation technology, wheeled capsule pipeline hydraulic transportation is a transportation mode conducive to the sustainable development of the social economy. Based on the method of a physical model experiment and hydraulic theory, the flow velocity characteristics in the pipeline when the wheeled capsule with a length–diameter ratio of 2.5 and 2.14, respectively, was transported in the straight pipe section with an inner diameter of 100 mm were studied in this paper. The results show that in the process of transporting materials, the flow velocity distribution of the cross section near the upstream and downstream section of the capsule was basically the same, and the axial velocity was smaller in the middle of the pipe and larger near the inner wall of the pipe. The radial velocity distribution was more thinly spread near the pipe wall and denser near the center of the pipe. The circumferential flow velocity was distributed in the vicinity of the support body of the wheeled capsule. For any annular gap section around the wheeled capsule, the radial velocity of annular gap flow was very small, and the average radial velocity of annular gap flow was about 1/30 of the average axial velocity of annular gap flow and about 0.7 of the average circumferential velocity of annular gap flow. The axial, circumferential, and radial flow velocities on the same radius measuring ring changed with the polar axis in a wave pattern of alternating peaks and troughs. These results can provide the theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the wheeled capsule.
Modified Maximum Pseudo Likelihood Method of Copula Parameter Estimation for Skewed Hydrometeorological Data
Authors: Joo Kyungwon , Shin Ju-Young , Heo Jun-Haeng
Published: April 2020

For multivariate frequency analysis of hydrometeorological data, the copula model is commonly used to construct joint probability distribution due to its flexibility and simplicity. The Maximum Pseudo-Likelihood (MPL) method is one of the most widely used methods for fitting a copula model. The MPL method was derived from the Weibull plotting position formula assuming a uniform distribution. Because extreme hydrometeorological data are often positively skewed, capacity of the MPL method may not be fully utilized. This study proposes the modified MPL (MMPL) method to improve the MPL method by taking into consideration the skewness of the data. In the MMPL method, the Weibull plotting position formula in the original MPL method is replaced with the formulas which can consider the skewness of the data. The Monte-Carlo simulation has been performed under various conditions in order to assess the performance of the proposed method with the Gumbel copula model. The proposed MMPL method provides more precise parameter estimates than does the MPL method for positively skewed hydrometeorological data based on the simulation results. The MMPL method would be a better alternative for fitting the copula model to the skewed data sets. Additionally, applications of the MMPL methods were performed on the two weather stations (Seosan and Yeongwol) in South Korea.
The Role of Communication in Managing Complex Water–Energy–Food Governance Systems
Authors: Greer Robert , Hannibal Bryce , Portney Kent
Published: April 2020

Managers of federal, state, local, and nonprofit organizations around the world are faced with the complex task of managing interconnected systems of scarce resources. One key example of this has been the recent research on the connections between water, energy, and food/agriculture, and the problem of managing these resources to be sustainable and reduce the likelihood of resource depletion. While engineering research has focused on achieving greater efficiencies in resource management, less attention has been given to issues of governance within the fragmented, decentralized, and polycentric systems that are responsible for resource delivery. The central question animating this paper is whether resource management decisions in water, energy, and food are siloed, and what theoretical frameworks can be leveraged to develop strategies to break down existing silos. Results from a survey of water agencies suggests that there is little communication between the water, energy, and food policy areas. If achieving greater nexus requires increased communication and repeated interactions, there is significant work to be done to re-think how policy and management are organized and conducted.
Association between use of urgent suspected cancer referral and mortality and stage at diagnosis: a 5-year national cohort study
Authors: Round Thomas , Gildea Carolynn , Ashworth Mark , Møller Henrik
Published: April 2020

Background

There is considerable variation between GP practices in England in their use of urgent referral pathways for suspected cancer.

Aim

To determine the association between practice use of urgent referral and cancer stage at diagnosis and cancer patient mortality, for all cancers and the most common types of cancer (colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate).

Design and setting

National cohort study of 1.4 million patients diagnosed with cancer in England between 2011 and 2015.

Method

The cohort was stratified according to quintiles of urgent referral metrics. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to quantify risk of death, and logistic regression to calculate odds of late-stage (III/IV) versus early-stage (I/II) cancers in relation to referral quintiles and cancer type.

Results

Cancer patients from the highest referring practices had a lower hazard of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95 to 0.97), with similar patterns for individual cancers: colorectal (HR = 0.95; CI = 0.93 to 0.97); lung (HR = 0.95; CI = 0.94 to 0.97); breast (HR = 0.96; CI = 0.93 to 0.99); and prostate (HR = 0.88; CI = 0.85 to 0.91). Similarly, for cancer patients from these practices, there were lower odds of late-stage diagnosis for individual cancer types, except for colorectal cancer.

Conclusion

Higher practice use of referrals for suspected cancer is associated with lower mortality for the four most common types of cancer. A significant proportion of the observed mortality reduction is likely due to earlier stage at diagnosis, except for colorectal cancer. This adds to evidence supporting the lowering of referral thresholds and consequent increased use of urgent referral for suspected cancer.
The fluviatile Bristol Elv Formation, a new Middle Jurassic lithostratigraphic unit from Traill Ø, North-East Greenland
Authors: Therkelsen Jens , Surlyk Finn
Published: April 2020

A new lithostratigraphic unit, the Bristol Elv Formation, is erected in this paper. It is only known from Traill Ø, East Greenland, where it unconformably overlies Triassic redbeds of the Fleming Fjord Formation and is overlain by lithologically similar shallow marine Upper Bajocian sandstones of the Pelion Formation. The age of the formation is not well constrained but is probably Early Bajocian. The Bristol Elv Formation is at least 155 m thick and consists of conglomerates, coarse-grained pebbly sandstones and subordinate mudstones, deposited in braided rivers. A finer-grained lacustrine/floodplain unit, c. 37 m thick, is interbedded with the fluvial sandstones at one locality. Deposition of the fluvio-lacustrine Bristol Elv Formation marks a major change in basin configuration and drainage patterns, reflecting the onset of the important, protracted Middle–Late Jurassic rift event in East Greenland.
Maximum Middle Jurassic transgression in East Greenland: evidence from new ammonite finds, Bjørnedal, Traill Ø
Authors: Alsen Peter , Surlyk Finn
Published: April 2020

A Middle – lower Upper Jurassic sandstone-dominated succession, more than 550 m thick, with mudstone intercalations in the middle part is exposed in Bjørnedal on Traill Ø, North-East Greenland. A number of ammonite assemblages have been found, mainly in the mudstones. They indicate the presence of the Lower Callovian Cadoceras apertum and C. nordenskjoeldi Chronozones. The mudstones represent northern wedges of the Fossilbjerget Formation hitherto known only from Jameson Land to the south. In Bjørnedal they interfinger with sandstones of the Pelion and Olympen Formations. The presence of the Fossilbjerget Formation in this region indicates complete drowning of the Middle Jurassic sandstone-dominated Pelion Formation during maximum Middle Jurassic transgression. A new species, Kepplerites tenuifasciculatus, is described in the appendix by J.H. Callomon. The holotype and paratype are from Jameson Land, East Greenland, but the species is also found in Bjørnedal, Traill Ø, North-East Greenland.
A new Middle–Upper Jurassic succession on Hold with Hope, North-East Greenland
Authors: Vosgerau Henrik , Larsen Michael , Piasecki Stefan , Therkelsen Jens
Published: April 2020

A succession of marine, Jurassic sediments was recently discovered on Hold with Hope, North-East Greenland. The discovery shows that the area was covered by the sea during Middle–Late Jurassic transgressive events and thus adds to the understanding of the palaeogeography of the area. The Jurassic succession on northern Hold with Hope is exposed in the hangingwalls of small fault blocks formed by rifting in Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous times. It unconformably overlies Lower Triassic siltstones and sandstones and is overlain by Lower Cretaceous coarse-grained sandstones with an angular unconformity. The succession is up to 360 m thick and includes sandstones of the Lower–Upper Callovian Pelion and Middle–Upper Oxfordian Payer Dal Formations (Vardekløft Group) and heteroliths and mudstones of the Upper Oxfordian – Lower Kimmeridgian Bernbjerg Formation (Hall Bredning Group). The Pelion Formation includes the new Spath Plateau Member (defined herein). The palaeogeographic setting was a narrow rift-controlled embayment along the western margin of the rifted Jurassic seaway between Greenland and Norway. It was open to marine circulation to the south as indicated by the distribution and lateral facies variations and a dominant south-westwards marine palaeocurrent direction. The Pelion and Payer Dal Formations represent upper shoreface and tidally influenced delta deposits formed by the migration of dunes in distributary channels and mouthbars over the delta front. The boundary between the two formations is unconformable and represents a Late Callovian – Middle Oxfordian hiatus. It is interpreted to have formed by subaerial erosion related to a sea-level fall combined with minor tilting of fault blocks and erosion of uplifted block crests. In Late Jurassic time, the sand-rich depositional systems of the Pelion and Payer Dal Formations drowned and offshore transition – lower shoreface heteroliths and offshore mudstones of the Bernbjerg Formation accumulated. The fault block crest forming the eastern basin margin was inundated by a rise in relative sea level. Major fault activity probably occurred in latest Jurassic – Early Cretaceous times when the major fault block originally defining the Hold with Hope basin was split into smaller blocks.
Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of Hold with Hope, North-East Greenland
Authors: Piasecki Stefan , Larsen Michael , Therkelsen Jens , Vosgerau Henrik
Published: April 2020

Dinoflagellate cysts of the Middle–Upper Jurassic succession on northern Hold with Hope have been studied in order to establish a biostratigraphic framework and to date the succession. The Pelion Formation is characterised by abundant Chytroeisphaeridia hyalina and Sentusidinium spp., with some Ctenidodinium thulium and Paragonyaulacysta retiphragmata in the lower part. Mendicodinium groenlandicum appears higher in the formation followed by Trichodinium scarburghense in the upper part. The succeeding Payer Dal Formation contains Scriniodinium crystallinum, Rigaudella aemula and Leptodinium subtile in the lower part and Dingodinium jurassicum and Prolixosphaeridium granulosum in the uppermost part. The Bernbjerg Formation contains abundant Sirmiodinium grossii and Gonyaulacysta jurassica. Adnatospahaeridium sp., Cribroperidinium granuligerum, Glossodinium cf. dimorphum and Scriniodinium irregulare appear in the lower part of the formation, followed by Avellodinium spp. in the highest part. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the Pelion Formation indicate an Early–Late Callovian age (C. apertum – P. athleta Chronozones). This is supported by ammonites in the lower part of the formation, which refer to the C. apertum and P. koenigi Chronozones. A significant hiatus, from Late Callovian to Middle Oxfordian, is present between the Pelion Formation and the overlying Payer Dal Formation. The age of the Payer Dal Formation is Middle Oxfordian to earliest Late Oxfordian (C. tenuiserratum – A. glosense Chronozones). The Payer Dal Formation is conformably overlain by the Bernbjerg Formation of Late Oxfordian to possibly earliest Kimmeridgian age (A. glosense – P. baylei Chronozones). The A. glosense Chronozone is also documented by abundant ammonites in the lowermost part of the formation.
Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of Store Koldewey, North-East Greenland
Authors: Piasecki Stefan , Callomon John H. , Stemmerik Lars
Published: April 2020

The Jurassic of Store Koldewey comprises a Middle Jurassic succession towards the south and an Upper Jurassic succession towards the north. Both successions onlap crystalline basement and coarse sediments dominate. Three main lithostratigraphical units are recognised: the Pelion Formation, including the Spath Plateau Member, the Payer Dal Formation and the Bernbjerg Formation. Rich marine macrofaunas include Boreal ammonites and the successions are dated as Late Bathonian – Early Callovian and Late Oxfordian – Early Kimmeridgian on the basis of new collections combined with material in earlier collections. Fine-grained horizons and units have been analysed for dinoflagellate cysts and the stratigraphy of the diverse and well-preserved flora has been integrated with the Boreal ammonite stratigraphy. The dinoflagellate floras correlate with contemporaneous floras from Milne Land, Jameson Land and Hold with Hope farther to the south in East Greenland, and with Peary Land in North Greenland and Svalbard towards the north. The Middle Jurassic flora shows local variations in East Greenland whereas the Upper Jurassic flora gradually changes northwards in East Greenland. A Boreal flora occurs in Peary Land and Svalbard. The characteristic and stratigraphically important species Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum and Oligosphaeridium patulum have their northernmost occurrence on Store Koldewey, whereas Taeniophora iunctispina and Adnatosphaeridium sp. extend as far north as Peary Land. Assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts are used to characterise significant regional flooding events and extensive sequence stratigraphic units.
PERSISTENCIA DE Salmonella Typhimurium EN NOPAL VERDURA (Opuntia ficus-indica)
Authors: Landa-Salgado Patricia , Hernández-Anguiano Ana María , Vargas-Hernández Mateo , Eslava-Campos Carlos A. , Chaidez-Quíroz Cristóbal , Patel Jitu
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se evaluó la capacidad de S. entérica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) para persistir en cladodios de nopal verdura (Opuntia ficus-indica) y en suelo, así como determinar si las plantas responden a inoculaciones con la bacteria, y comparar dicha respuesta entre diferentes cladodios (cladodios madre, secundarios in planta, y secundarios cortados). S. Typhimurium persistió en suelo y tejido de nopal hasta por 14 d. La capacidad de la bacteria para persistir en el tejido dependió del tipo y la condición fisiológica del cladodio. En cladodio secundario in planta la bacteria persistió 9 d; en cladodio madre in planta y cladodio secundario cortado persistió 14 d, con diferencias (P ≤ 0.05) en la población bacteriana entre tipos y condiciones fisiológicas del cladodio. En tejido, S. Typhimurium indujo lesiones oscuras en el sitio de infiltración en todos los cladodios, lesiones que fueron más intensas en cladodios secundarios in planta a las 48 h, además de síntomas de deshidratación y desprendimiento de tejido. En ausencia de la bacteria no se registraron alteraciones en el tejido. Los síntomas observados indican que S. Typhimurium tiene capacidad de activar señales e inducir una respuesta de defensa en nopal verdura.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DEL GRANO Y CALIDAD DE LOS GRUPOS RACIALES DE MAÍCES NATIVOS (CRIOLLOS) DE MÉXICO
Authors: Figueroa-Cárdenas Juan de D. , Narváez-González David E. , Mauricio-Sánchez Araceli , Taba Suketoshi , Gaytán-Martínez Marcela , Véles-Medina José J. , Rincón-Sánchez Froylán , Aragón-Cuevas Flavio
Published: April 2020

La calidad del maíz (Zea mays L.) ha sido el principal criterio de selección utilizado por nuestros ancestros para su mejoramiento. De hecho, gran parte del maíz que consume nuestra población ha estado sujeto durante siglos a la selección por sabor, aroma y textura en diferentes productos. Sin embargo, las clasificaciones y los registros de razas, híbridos y variedades se han hecho desde el punto de vista agronómico, citológico y taxonómico, y existen pocos estudios sobre la evaluación de sus propiedades físicas y de calidad. El presente trabajo de revisión tiene por objetivo analizar los resultados que se han publicado en el contexto de la calidad de los maíces nativos (razas) de México, y compararlos con las clasificaciones agronómicas de las razas. Los datos analizados muestran que las clasificaciones agronómicas de los grupos raciales del maíz en México, aunque importantes para el manejo en programas de mejoramiento, no presentaron relación directa con los aspectos de calidad para tortilla y otros usos. La dureza de grano o el índice de flotación fueron las características más relacionadas con el desempeño de las razas en el procesamiento y calidad de los productos y pudiera ser importante incorporarlas a los sistemas de clasificación.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA EN MAÍCES NATIVOS MEXICANOS TROPICALES
Authors: González-Castro Mónica E. , Palacios-Rojas Natalia , Espinoza-Banda Armando , Bedoya-Salazar Claudia A.
Published: April 2020

México es considerado como el centro de origen y domesticación del maíz (Zea mays L.) y uno de los centros más reconocidos de su diversidad. La evaluación de la diversidad en maíces nativos es importante para el planteamiento de estrategias de conservación, caracterización y uso del germoplasma en el mejoramiento genético, dado su potencial como fuente de características nuevas, exóticas y favorables. En este estudio se utilizaron 30 marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélite con el objetivo de caracterizar la diversidad genética interpoblacional e intrarracial presente en 196 poblaciones del trópico de México representativas de 20 razas de maíz y provenientes de 21 estados de la República Mexicana. Los resultados obtenidos indican que dichas accesiones pueden ser agrupadas en tres áreas ecológicas: Maíces del Golfo de México, Pacífico Sur y Península de Yucatán (A), Maíces de la Zona Noroeste y Occidente (B), y Maíces de Tierras Bajas e Intermedias de Oaxaca y Chiapas (C). A través de las 196 poblaciones se encontró un promedio de 9 alelos por locus y una diversidad genética promedio de 0.57. Se encontró mayor variabilidad entre razas (23.18) que dentro de cada raza (0.99 a 8.72). En razas como Jala, Zapalote Grande y Zapalote Chico, se evidenció la erosión genética debido a su limitada distribución geográfica, lo que plantea la necesidad de dedicar esfuerzos a su conservación. Índices de diversidad genética de 0.53 encontrados para los Tuxpeños corroboran que pese a que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en los programas de mejoramiento, aún hay amplio potencial genético por explorar en esta raza.
ENDOGAMIA EN UN SINTÉTICO DE MAÍZ FORMADO CON FAMILIAS DE AUTO HERMANOS (LÍNEAS S1)
Authors: Márquez-Sánchez Fidel
Published: April 2020

Los sintéticos son poblaciones mejoradas que se recomiendan a los agricultores que no pueden comprar híbridos. En el presente manuscrito se presenta el cálculo de la endogamia en un sintético de maíz (Zea mays L.) formado con familias de auto hermanos (AH) o líneas S1. El sintético se obtiene desde la primera generación mediante polinización libre de un compuesto balanceado de las familias. La endogamia en la primera generación se calcula mediante una ecuación que incluye a varias generaciones: F(AH)1 = (1/4nm)[(2m + 1) + 4 m(n – 1)F1 + 2(m – 1)F0 + F-1], en donde n es el número de familias, m el número de plantas por familia, y F es el valor del coeficiente de endogamia cuyos subíndices son las generaciones. Después de eliminar de la ecuación recurrente los términos cuya endogamia es igual a cero, el valor de la endogamia en el sintético F1 con 10 familias y 10 de plantas por familia, fue igual a 0.0526. El número de familias influye más en la endogamia del sintético que el número de plantas por familia.
DIVERSIDAD MORFOAGRONÓMICA DEL FRIJOL AYOCOTE EN EL ALTIPLANO CENTRO-ORIENTE DE PUEBLA
Authors: López-Báez Luz I. , Taboada-Gaytán Oswaldo R. , Gil-Muñoz Abel , López Pedro A. , Ortiz-Torres Enrique , Vargas-Vázquez Ma. Luisa P. , Díaz-Cervantes Rufino
Published: April 2020

Los estudios de diversidad genética permiten conocer su magnitud e identificar las acciones necesarias para su conservación y aprovechamiento. En Phaseolus coccineus L., aun cuando se han llevado a cabo estudios de diversidad, en ningún caso se ha evaluado a las poblaciones en su área de colecta, ni se ha incluido una muestra amplia de las poblaciones locales del altiplano centro-oriente de Puebla, principal región productora de frijol ayocote en México. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el nivel de variación morfoagronómica de las poblaciones locales de frijol ayocote cultivadas en la región mencionada e identificar las principales características morfoagronómicas relacionadas con la diversidad encontrada. Para ello, se evaluaron 31 poblaciones locales y cinco testigos. La evaluación se hizo en dos localidades de la zona de colecta, utilizando un diseño experimental látice con dos repeticiones por localidad. Se registraron 34 variables morfoagronómicas asociadas a características de emergencia, plántula, hoja, flor, planta, vaina, semilla y rendimiento de grano. El análisis de varianza combinado reveló que la diversidad morfoagronómica es amplia, evidenciando que la variación puede presentarse en todas las estructuras de la planta, pero principalmente en variables de precocidad, flor, vaina y semilla. Los análisis de conglomerados y componentes principales permitieron identificar cuatro grupos de poblaciones, diferenciados básicamente por precocidad, color de semilla y flor y de manera complementaria por el vigor y altura de planta, longitud del foliolo central y del peciolo, forma de semilla y peso de 100 semillas. Se concluye que la diversidad morfoagronómica presente en las poblaciones locales de frijol ayocote es amplia y que las variables días a floración, color de la flor y color de semilla fueron las más importantes para explicar la diversidad existente.
CUBIERTAS DE MACROTÚNELES Y SU EFECTO EN LAS PROPIEDADES NUTRACEÚTICAS DEL CHILE DE AGUA
Authors: Cruz-Andrés Oscar R. , Pérez-Herrera Aleyda , Martínez-Gutiérrez Gabino A. , Morales Isidro
Published: April 2020

El chile de agua es una hortaliza endémica de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, que a pesar de su importancia económica y para la nutrición humana, su contenido de compuestos bioactivos está poco estudiado. El objetivo fue determinar el contenido de compuestos bioactivos en el fruto del chile de agua (Capsicum annuum L.), cultivado en macrotúneles con diferentes materiales de cubierta. Plántulas de chile de agua del genotipo “Ejutla” fueron cultivadas con acolchado plástico y fertirriego, en macrotúneles con cubiertas de plástico transparente, plástico verde y malla blanca. Cada cubierta correspondió a un tratamiento y el cultivo a cielo abierto fue el testigo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Las variables respuesta fueron a) climáticas: temperatura, humedad relativa y radiación fotosintéticamente activa integrada (RFAI); b) compuestos bioactivos: fenoles totales, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante. La temperatura diurna, nocturna y humedad relativa bajo plástico verde aumentaron 28.0, 6.7 y 0.5 % con respecto a campo abierto. La RFAI en campo abierto superó en 28.3 % a los materiales de cubierta. El plástico verde incrementó significativamente la concentración de fenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante, superando al testigo en 489.1 y 39.0 %, respectivamente. La concentración de flavonoides totales de los frutos cultivados en campo abierto fue mayor en al menos 47 % a los materiales de cubierta evaluados. La concentración de fenoles de los frutos de chile de agua y la capacidad antioxidante se incrementan cuando se cultivan en macrotúneles con cubierta de plástico verde.
Enterprise Resource Planning and Internal Control Effectiveness
Authors: Malau Chelsea Michelle
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine and analyze enterprise resource planning on internal control effectiveness in food and beverage companies. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) discussed in this study is the implementation of the ERP software in the company studied. In this study, internal control effectiveness is measured using Morris (2011) model and the model of Catalya and Hadiprajitno (2014).

The population used in this research is food and beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The technique of sample selection used purposive sampling. Based on these criteria, obtained samples as much as 14 companies during the observation period 2016-2017. In this sample there are 4 companies that are excluded from the study sample, because they have IPO after 2017. So, the final number of samples that can be observed as many as 28 samples. The analytical tool used in this study is the logistic regression.

These results shows that the predictive ability of the regression model to project companies applying SPE by 100%. This study however states that enterprise resource planning implementation has no effect on internal control effectiveness in food and beverage companies. Nevertheless, the ERP implementation need to be socialized due to small number of companies implementing this software.
PENGARUH REMINISCENCE THERAPY TERHADAP NYERI PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA UNIT BUDI LUHUR, BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Isnanto Isnanto
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit dengan angka kejadian sekitar 1,13 miliar di dunia, dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menduduki peringkat ke dua angka kejadia hipertensi di Indonesia. Tingginya angka kejadian hipertensi menimbulkan masalah lain yang terkait seperti Diabetes Melitus (DM), stroke, dan juga nyeri. Penanganan nyeri pada penderita hipertensi dapat dilakukan secara nonfarmakologi. Salah satu non farmakologi terapi yang ingin diketahui pengaruhnya adalah reminiscence therapy. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh reminiscence therapy terhadap nyeri penderita hipertensi. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi-eksperiment dengan one group comparrison pretest-posttest design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 lansia penderita hipertensi yang mengalami nyeri.  Hasil uji statistik dengan wilcoxon test menunjukkan niali Z 4,80, hal ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Hasil selisih mean skala nyeri juga terdapat penurunan sekala nyeri sebesar 3,8. Kesimpulan penelitian ini reminisence terapy memiliki pengaruh dalam menurunkan sekala nyeri pada pasien lansia. Saran peneliti, reminisence therapy bisa menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk intervensi keperawatan pada pasien dengan diagnosis nyeri akut. 

 

Kata Kunci: nyeri, hipertensi, reminiscence therapy.
Learning Logic Gates Using Augmented Reality
Authors: Rahani Nurul Hidayah , Bilong Aldrin Aran , Mat Suruji Muhammad Rafiq
Published: April 2020

Augmented reality (AR) is a new form as integration of technologies that overlays computer-generated information on real world believed would help students in learning process. Hence, educators have begun to seek technologies that have the potential to be integrated in education in order to help students learn actively and improve their understanding. The focus of this research is on development of mobile application on logic gates topic with three inputs by using augmented reality technology for Computer Architecture and Organization Subject in University Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Students have difficulty to understand logic gates besides less usage of mobile application on augmented reality in logic gates topic, this application could help them understand logic gates easily and effectively. By using ADDIE model, evaluation phase included pre-test and post-test have been carried out on target user as to see the improvement when using this mobile application. The result of finding show that the improvement percentage is 56%. Hence, this mobile Apps of AR technology could enhance the traditional forms of teaching and learning in order to improve student knowledge and interest about Logic Gates and also encourage students to think critically and creatively which improves their understanding and experiences using technology while learn.
POCKET MALAYSIA: Learning About States in Malaysia Using Augmented Reality
Authors: Sezali Siti Fatimah , Radzuan Ainun Mardhiah , Mohd Shabudin Nurul Imani , Afendi Rabia'tul Athirah
Published: April 2020

In era 4.0, teaching and learning are still in traditional method, which is using textbook. Hence, students become bored and easily to fall asleep during class. Therefore, researcher wish to develop an attractive and friendly-user augmented reality application as a learning aid for students. Pocket Malaysia uses AR system to learn about states in Malaysia. Student can learn in fun way through multimedia usage. There are several objectives to implement this research. Those are to identify which topic in Form One Geography Textbook is suitable to be implement in augmented reality concept, develop an augmented reality application that can help students recognize the name of states in Malaysia, location of states in Malaysia map and other details regarding each state in Malaysia through an interactive way and, evaluate usability of the application. This research uses quantitative method. The research approach is survey. About 15 students that are studying Geography subject in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) are involve as sample through quota sampling. Overall, Pocket Malaysia is a good starting point for Geography subject in secondary school. This is because not many AR applications today are focusing on Geography subject. Based on the survey, many agree that it is easy to use although there is unclear instruction in scan section. The GUI also is quite pleasant along with the font size and colour selection. In general, it is successfully developed as it gave out the expected outcome. The weakness of this application should be improved in the future.
Smart Mirror for Home Automation
Authors: Ab Latif Muhammad Syazwan , Ismail Ammar Asyraf , Zariman Asnazulfadhli
Published: April 2020

Smart Mirror for Home Automation

This research describes the design, construction and working of the smart mirror. Every morning our day begins by watching ourselves at least once in mirror before leaving our homes. We interact with it psychologically to find out how we look and how our attire is. Smart Mirror or Magic Mirror is one of the applications of Raspberry Pi. A computer screen embedded in mirror looks very futuristic. The Raspberry Pi stays at back scenes and controls the data displayed on mirror. While looking at mirror, the user can look at various notifications from social sites as well news, weather forecast and more things. Such mirrors can be programmed to work as control home appliances by voice input. The Raspberry Pi is connected to monitor via HDMI as well as it also has built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces so we can just swipe music and videos to mirror.
Displaying Health Status Based IoT
Authors: Azizi Muhammad Arief , Zariman Asnazulfadhli
Published: April 2020

Displaying Health Status Based IoT

Students have many activity in their daily life. There are many things to do like going to class, meeting for group assignment, shopping for food and so on. If the student is unwell then need to go to the clinic for treatment and leaving letter. So in order to reduce the risk of receiving illness, researchers propose Displaying Health Status Based on the Internet of Things Concept. This tool will help students by knowing the pulse rates is normal or not. Displaying Health Status Based on the Internet of Things is designed to facilitate students to see their pulse rate. This tool will also help students to develop their potential and facilitate the health of students themselves by knowing their pulse rate at the proper level. Students will always keep their health healthy for everyday life. Additionally, this tool can alert students that health is essential for life. The results of this research show that this tool can be used when exercising to determine the pulse rate is normal or not.