bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gabonaszállítási piac színe és visszája Magyarországon (The pros and contras of the Hungarian cereals transportation market)
Authors: Jámbor Attila
Published: April 2021

A tanulmány a szakirodalomban újszerű kezdeményezésként kísérletet tesz a gabonapiac ellátási láncának felrajzolására, majd annak egyik, a cikk alapkérdése szempontjából kiemelt vetületét, a gabonaszállítási és raktározási problémákat elemzi. Előbbit a piac szereplőitől kvalitatív módon begyűjtött információkkal, utóbbit a szakirodalom alapján mutatja be. A cikk az elemzés után javaslatokkal szolgál ahhoz, hogyan lehetne hazánkban egy integrált gabonapiaci szállítási-raktározási-átrakási rendszert kialakítani. __________ The aim of the article is to present the situation of the Hungarian cereals transport and storage-reloading market and by interconnection, to treat cereals market’s operations systemically. Under this process, the study trace to draw a possible supply chain of the national cereals market up, which is a new initiation in the Hungarian literature. The focus of the article is to analyse transport and storage processes in the cereals market using the framework mentioned above. Transport market is demonstrated on the grounds of a revealing qualitative research, while storage market is brought out by literature. After analysis, the article gives recommendations how to shape an integrated transport and storage-reload system in the Hungarian cereals market.
A fenntartható vállalkozások elősegítése
Authors: Losoncz Miklós
Published: April 2021

A cikk magyar szempontból, a magyar gazdaság és vállalatszervezet speciális vonásai alapján értelmezi a fenntartható vállalkozást és környezetét, és von le elméleti és gazdaságpolitikai következtetéseket. A szerző dolgozatában főleg a kis- és közepes vállalkozások (KKV) fenntarthatóságával foglalkozik. A hazai tapasztalatok hasznosak lehetnek sok olyan ország számára, amelyek a gazdasági fejlettségi szint, a vállalatszervezet sajátosságai, a fejlődéstörténeti örökség stb. tekintetében hasonlítanak Magyarországra.
Munkaszervezeti determinizmus és távmunka
Authors: Keszi Roland
Published: April 2021

A földrajzi értelemben dekoncentrált munkaszervezetekben végzett munkafolyamatok vezetési szempontból való integrálása az emberi együttműködés új formáit igényli mind a munkavállalók, mind a vezetők részéről. A távmunka nem csupán szervezeti kísérlet a költséghatékony termelésre, de a távmunkát végző munkavállalók önmenedzselését, a vezetők részéről új munkaszervezési formák kialakítását is jelenti. Az Európai Uniónak a távmunkavégzés ösztönzésére vonatkozó, empirikus elemzésekre és vállalati igényekre támaszkodó irányelvei szemléletes példákat szolgáltatnak a tudományos eredmények és a gyakorlati igények összefonódására, illetve a kérdéskör fontosságára. Bár Magyarországon alacsony, ám kétségtelenül növekszik a távmunkavégzés aránya, így egyre több vezetési-szervezési problémát vet fel a vállalatvezetők, illetőleg emberierőforrás-gazdálkodással, illetve szervezetfejlesztéssel foglalkozó szakemberek számára. A távmunka munkaszervezeti bevezethetőségének számtalan meghatározó tényezője van, amelyek egy része olyan feltételektől függ, mint például az internet és a különböző infokommunikációs technológiák (IKT) elterjedtségének mértéke. A távmunka-bevezetés feltételeinek másik csoportját a vállalaton belüli tényezők adják. A tanulmány az utóbbi tényezők közül kettőre, a technológiai fejlettség és a munkaszervezet jellegének meghatározó szerepére koncentrál, s kis részben érinti a vezetői attitűdök kérdéskörét. Az elemzés egy nemzetközi kutatás eredményeinek újszerű elemzése révén von le következtetéseket.
Kockázatkezelés és belsőkontroll-rendszerek – első vonalban a társaságirányítási visszaélések elleni védelemben
Authors: Bordáné Rabóczki Mária
Published: April 2021

A cikk a kockázatkezelés és a belső kontrollok témakörét a társaságirányítás rendszerében betöltött szerepe alapján vizsgálja. Ebből következően előtérbe kerülnek a testületi irányítást megvalósító társaságok, főként a tőzsdei részvénytársaságok. A bemutatott elvi megközelítések és legjobb gyakorlatok azonban más szervezetek számára is tanulságul szolgálnak. A belső kontrollokkal kapcsolatos elvi megközelítések, az európai uniós, az amerikai és más nemzeti szintű követelmények és gyakorlatok, valamint a könyvvizsgáló szerepének elemző értékelése alapján figyelemre méltó megállapításokat tesz a szerző a továbblépéssel kapcsolatban.
A környezeti teljesítményértékelés módszerei (Environmental performance evaluation methods)
Authors: Harangozó Gábor
Published: April 2021

A környezeti teljesítmény mérésére számtalan módszer létezik. A cikk a környezeti teljesítményértékelési eszközök útvesztőjében kínál némi eligazítást azáltal, hogy hat, a gyakorlatban is többé-kevésbé használt módszert mutat be és értékel. A szerző kísérletet tesz a bemutatott módszerek összehasonlítására is aszerint, hogy kitérnek-e a környezeti és a vállalati teljesítmény kapcsolatának vizsgálatára, illetve a környezeti teljesítményt kellően átfogóan vizsgálják-e. Nagyító alá kerül az a kérdés is, hogy vajon a teljesítményértékelési módszerek alapján jól teljesítő vállalatok valóban tekinthetők-e fenntarthatónak. ________ There are numerous methods existing for evaluating corporate environmental performance. The article offers some guidance in this labyrinth by introducing and evaluating six, in practice also used methods. The author makes an attempt to compare the different methods, whether they cover the relationship between environmental and company performance, and whether they analyse different components of environmental performance comprehensively enough. The question is also covered, whether companies with excellent performance based on the methods analysed can really be regarded as sustainable companies.
A vezetés-szervezés diszciplína nagyjai: Szabó László, Harsányi István, Máriás Antal
Authors: Barakonyi Károly , Balaton Károly , Kocsis József , Vecsenyi János
Published: April 2021

Az MTA Vezetés- és Szervezéstudományi Bizottsága 2007. március 9-én emlékülést szervezett a vezetésszervezés diszciplína hazai nagyjai emlékére. Az emlékülés visszaemlékezéseit, méltatásait a szerzők egy cikksorozatban szeretnék megörökíteni. A jelen összeállítást Szabó László, Harsányi István és Máriás Antal emlékének szentelik, míg a következő részben Erdei Ferencre, Susánszky Jánosra, Kovács Sándorra és a közelmúltban elhunyt Ladó Lászlóra emlékeznek.
A márkák pénzügyi értékelésének módszerei
Authors: Kovács Kármen
Published: April 2021

A szerző tanulmányában rámutat a márkák pénzügyi szempontból történő értékelésének jelentőségére, és ismerteti a márkaértékelés pénzügyi módszereit. Minthogy az erős márkák a vállalatok értékéhez nagyban hozzájárulnak, valamint általuk – a no name termékekhez képest – nagyobb profit realizálható, a márkák pénzügyi értékelésének a menedzseri döntésekben fontos szerepe van. A márkaértékelés pénzügyi módszerei közt megtalálhatók (teljesen) objektív alapokon nyugvó, racionális technikák és a fogyasztói értékítéletet magukban foglaló eljárások is; minden esetben azonban az értékelés céljának legmegfelelőbb módszert kell választani. A cikk ismerteti a márkák pénzügyi értékelésének jelentését és céljait, a pénzügyi és a fogyasztói értékelés kapcsolódási pontjait, a márkák erejét kifejező közgazdasági modellt, a márkákat mint a vállalatok értékét meghatározó vagyontárgyakat, valamint részletesen szól a márkaértékelés pénzügyi módszereiről.
Eltérő motivációk a kis- és középvállalkozások hálózati együttműködéseiben
Authors: Imreh Szabolcs
Published: April 2021

Általános megállapítás, hogy a kis- és középvállalkozások meghatározó jelentőségűek a gazdaság fejlődésében. Az ilyen típusú vállalkozások egyik legnagyobb problémája pontosan a méretük, a kicsinység gyakran rendkívül komoly nehézségeket eredményezhet (relatíve magas tranzakciós költségek, méretgazdaságossági problémák). Erre a kihívásra adható egyik sikeres válasz a különböző módon megvalósuló kooperációk, vállalati hálózatok. A tanulmányban a hálózati együttműködésekhez vezető motivációkat tekinti át a szerző. Számos magyarázó okot lehet találni arra, hogy az egyes vállalkozások miért keresik a kooperációs lehetőségeket más társaikkal. Nagy vonalakban az együttműködés fő célja olyan előnyök elérése, amelyeket egyéni erőfeszítéseikkel nem tudnak kiharcolni, még szemléletesebben fogalmazva: valamilyen kollektív hatékonyság elérése. A rendszerezés igényével a tanulmány a szerteágazó szakirodalmi háttérből megpróbálja kiemelni azokat a tényezőket, amelyeket leggyakrabban említenek, mint az együttműködésben rejlő előnyöket a partnerek számára. Feltételezhető, hogy mivel ezen okok jelentkeznek leggyakrabban, mint az együttműködés magyarázói, ezért a hálózatok sajátosságait is meghatározzák. A tanulmány végén két – Szeged környékén megvalósult – primer felmérés tapasztalatait ismerteti a szerző, bemutatva az együttműködések természetét és a kooperációktól elvárt előnyöket.
Management of Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement with Reduction Using Two Different Lines of Treatment
Authors: Helal Mohamed Ahmed , Agou Shoroog Hassan , Bayoumi Amr , Imam Ahmed , Hassan Ali Habiballah
Published: April 2021

Objetive: This study was to compare the effectiveness of arthrocentesis versus the insertion of anterior repositioning splint (ARS) in improving the mandibular range of motion (MRM) for patients with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR). Methods: 36 patients diagnosed as ADDwR were recruited and divided randomly into two groups. The first group (G1) was treated by arthrocentesis, and the second (G2) was treated using ARS. All patients were reexamined after six months. Results: Except that for protrusive movement, there were significant differences between the two groups for the percentage changes of the MRM as measured by the amount of pain free opening, unassisted opening, maximum assisted opening, right lateral and left lateral movements (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the context of the current study, the non-invasive, lower cost ARS, provided better results in improving the MRM when managing ADDwR cases.
 
Keywords
Arthrocentesis; Anterior repositioning splint; TMD; Internal derangement; Anterior disc displacement; Mandibular range of motion.
Bolton tooth size analysis in a sample of Sudanese adults
Authors: Mustafa Raja AbdAlgadir , Abuaffan Amal Hussein
Published: April 2021

Introduction: A correct proportion between the upper and lower teeth is critical to achieving proper occlusal interdigitation, ideal overjet, and good molar intercuspation at the end of orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in the Sudanese population, investigate gender differences in tooth size ratios, and to compare these results with Bolton’s original ratio norm. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of dental casts of 104 Sudanese University students with normal occlusion (52 females, 52 males), aged between 16-26 years randomly selected from AL- Neelain University. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio. Mean, range, and standard deviation of the anterior and overall ratios were computed for each subject. T-Tests were used to compare gender differences and to investigate differences between the results of this study and Bolton’s original ratio. Results: Anterior and overall Bolton ratios for males were 78.43±2.44 and 93.901±9.8 and for females were 78.29±2.6 and 91.67±3.3 percent, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for the anterior and overall ratios P>0.05. The anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios among Sudanese University students were 78.37 ± 2.54, and 92.79± 7.43 percent, respectively. statistically significant difference between this study and Bolton’s study were found in both anterior and overall ratio P<0.05. Conclusion: Bolton’s mean ratios may not be applicable to Sudanese.
Keywords
Bolton’s ratio; Sudanese population; tooth-size.
Transportation of Animal: Process, Challange and the Effect on Small Ruminant
Authors: Trisiana Arie Febre , Destomo A , Mahmilia F
Published: April 2021

Livestock transportation  is carried out to fullfill the need for consumption as well as for raising the livestock in other areas. The regulation of livestock transportation are not well implemented, and far from the ideal way of livestock transportation, such as the aspects of animal welfare. This paper aims is to  describe the transportation process, challenge and its effects on small ruminants. The process of transporting livestock is carried out by preparing thye animal that are going to be transported, and the means of transportation used. Travel distance and road infrastructure conditions provide an affordable connection for the transportation of livestock. Long distances and poor infrastructure conditions can cause stresproblems to livestock transportation. Livestock becomes stres and cortisol levels increased in the blood and physiological responses  were affected due to transportation. The Goat Research Institute designed a cage in a truck to transport goats and logistical needs during the trip by land and sea routes and has been used in the distribution of goats. The journey took 1 to 16 days with average goat mortality rate was about 0.3%. Severe impacts during the trip can be overcome by transporting goats with attention to the transportation system and to ensure the welfare of animals during the trip.
Modelamiento de la productividad de Gmelina arborea Roxb. con base en variables biofísicas y de rodal
Authors: Barrios Trilleras Alonso , López Aguirre Ana Milena , Báez Aparicio Camila Andrea
Published: April 2021

El estudio desarrolló un modelo empírico para predecir la altura dominante (H) y el índice de sitio (IS) de plantaciones de Gmelina arborea Roxb., considerando para ello variables biofísicas y de rodal. Se utilizaron datos de 160 rodales localizados en las regiones Andina, Caribe y Pacífica de Colombia. El modelo de Chapman-Richards fue seleccionado para predecir la H e IS de cada rodal. Un análisis de correlación identificó al espaciamiento relativo, la altitud y la precipitación como variables relacionadas al IS. Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con estas variables explicó el 70 % de la variación total observada en el IS. Estas variables incorporadas al modelo de H permitieron aumentar en 30 % y reducir en 40 y 41 % el índice de ajuste, error absoluto y error medio cuadrático, respectivamente. Los modelos desarrollados son adecuados para estimar la productividad en áreas sin historia de plantaciones forestales, adicionando flexibilidad y capacidad predictiva en un entorno cambiante.
Identificación de vacíos de investigación aplicada para restaurar ecosistemas terrestres en Colombia
Authors: Garibello Juan , Riaño Laura , Cuellar Julián , Barrera-Cataño José Ignacio , Ramírez Wilson
Published: April 2021

Importantes desafíos en la restauración de ecosistemas terrestres colombianos pueden superarse de forma parcial través de la investigación. Por tal razón, en el presente artículo de revisión hicimos un análisis bibliométrico de varios artículos para identificar los temas abordados y los vacíos usando un marco de trabajo publicado en 2017. Este marco se presenta como una agenda de investigación en ecología cuyo desarrollo tiene una aplicación directa en la práctica de la restauración. Encontramos 167 casos provenientes de 143 artículos; la mayoría trataron temas relacionados con planificación (35 %) y monitoreo de intervenciones (25 %). Pocos abordaron temas relacionados con implementación: obtención de propágulos (12 %), establecimiento de plántulas (13 %) y desempeño del material plantado (15 %). También identificamos un sesgo geográfico, ya que 93 % de los estudios se realizaron en las regiones Andina y Caribe; lo que equivale a menos de la mitad del territorio colombiano. Estos resultados y su análisis se presentan como una agenda preliminar de investigación en restauración que involucra intereses de diferentes actores.
Variación de biomasa en un periodo de 21 años en un Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná (Paraguay)
Authors: Kubota Victoria , Caballero González Rubén Darío , Fernández Lomaquiz Aracery Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Se analizó la variación temporal de biomasa en un remanente del bosque atlántico del Alto Paraná en Paraguay, haciendo énfasis en la dinámica forestal y las clases diamétricas. Se estimó la biomasa total de los árboles con DAP ≥ 10 cm, en una parcela permanente de 1 ha ubicada en la Reserva Natural Tati Yupi de Itaipú Binacional, empleando datos de mediciones de los años 1995, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011 y 2016. En 21 años hubo un aumento de biomasa de 0.82 Mg.ha-1.año-1; sin embargo, la variación no fue uniforme entre las mediciones. En los periodos 1995-2002 y 2002-2005 se presentó reducción de biomasa de 4.28 y 0.81 Mg.ha-1.año-1, principalmente debido a la elevada mortandad de los árboles. Mientras que en los lapsos de 2005-2008, 2008-2011 y 2011-2016 hubo aumento de 6.00, 2.97 y 4.53 Mg.ha-1.año-1, respectivamente. La variación fue más notable en las clases diamétricas inferiores.
Análisis participativo de servicios ecosistémicos en un área protegida del bosque seco tropical (bs-T), Colombia
Authors: Cárdenas Camacho Luis Mario , Díaz-C Sebastián Emilio , Gómez-Anaya Wilson Fernando , Rojas-Rojas John Eduard , López Camacho René
Published: April 2021

El estado de degradación que enfrentan los ecosistemas de bosque seco tropical (bs-T) en diferentes escalas geográficas es razón para priorizar su conservación. En este estudio se hizo un análisis participativo y multicriterio de servicios ecosistémicos (SE) asociados a coberturas presentes en la zona de vida de bs-T en un área protegida. Los SE fueron espacializados a una escala local para proyectar pautas de manejo, los cuales se priorizaron y caracterizaron mediante entrevistas a actores clave. Para la aproximación al funcionamiento del ecosistema se establecieron indicadores de procesos y estructura ecosistémica basados en información de suelos, vegetación, fauna e impulsores de cambio. Se encontró que los SE de mayor importancia son la producción agropecuaria y el suministro de agua potable. El funcionamiento del ecosistema resultó bajo y muy bajo en sistemas agrícolas; bajo y medio en sistemas pecuarios; y alto y muy alto en sistemas naturales. Se recomienda poner en funcionamiento estrategias de conservación sostenibles y participativas.
From public domain to public interest
Authors: Wilf Steven
Published: April 2021

This brief essay is an exploration of how the public domain came to achieve its place as a focus of attention, how it shaped a generation of scholars, and why public interest might be a more salient construct for thinking about how to foster a public-directed system of global knowledge governance. In short, this is the story of the rise, fall, and reincarnation – as public interest – of the public domain.
Prawo do poszanowania uczuć religijnych w świetle Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności
Authors: Roszkiewicz Janusz
Published: April 2021

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony prawu do poszanowania uczuć religijnych, który jest pochodną wolności religii. W świetle orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu ochrona uczuć religijnych stanowi wartość, która usprawiedliwia ograniczenie wolności słowa. Prawo chroni uczucia wierzących przede wszystkim przed wypowiedziami, które są bezproduktywnie obraźliwe. Pojęcie bezproduktywnej obraźliwości jest interpretowane stosunkowo wąsko, a zatem w pełni dozwolone i mieszczące się w granicach wolności słowa są wypowiedzi szokujące, krytyczne wobec religii, kwestionujące dogmaty, budzące kontrowersje. Najwłaściwszą formą ochrony uczuć religijnych są sankcje cywilnoprawne, natomiast sankcje karne powinny mieć zastosowanie wyłącznie w ostateczności, w przypadku wypowiedzi nawołujących do przemocy lub prowadzących do poważnego zakłócenia porządku publicznego.
Instytucja współdziałania materialnego w wydawaniu aktów administracyjnych na przykładzie wybranych porządków prawnych – Polski i Republiki Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: April 2021

Problematyka artykułu koncentruje się na zagadnieniu współdziałania organów administracji publicznej, które ma na celu usprawnienie działań administracji. Współdziałanie stanowi przede wszystkim prawny obowiązek w zakresie wskazanym w normie materialnoprawnej, a organ współdziałający obowiązany jest to działanie podjąć we właściwej formie. W omawianych porządkach prawnych: polskim i niemieckim, wyróżnia się wiele form i gradacji współdziałania. W artykule omówiona została problematyka charakteru prawnego aktów uczestnictwa, a także pomocniczy charakter postępowania przed organem obowiązanym do zajęcia stanowiska. Omówiona została kwestia udziału stron postępowania głównego przed organem współdziałającym oraz modele sądowej kontroli aktu uczestnictwa. Konkluzja artykułu sprowadza się do tezy o konieczności przemyślenia przez ustawodawcę modelu współdziałania w prawie polskim, a także poprawy praktyki jego stosowania.
Domniemanie niezgodności rabatu lojalnościowego z prawem konkurencji Unii Europejskiej – rozważania na tle wyroku w sprawie Intel
Authors: Fähnrich Marzena
Published: April 2021

Coraz częstsze stosowanie domniemań w postępowaniach z zakresu prawa konkurencji Unii Europejskiej przyczyniło się w ostatnich latach do przesunięcia w znacznej mierze ciężaru dowodu z organu ochrony konkurencji na przedsiębiorstwo. Stosowanie domniemań w prawie konkurencji jest szczególnie złożone w przypadku spraw dotyczących nadużywania pozycji dominującej zakazanej na podstawie art. 102 Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej. Niniejszy artykuł wskazuje problemy związane ze wzruszeniem domniemania naruszenia reguł konkurencji przez dominujące przedsiębiorstwo. Wyrok Trybunału Sprawiedliwości w sprawie Intel stanowi ciekawe tło dla rozważań w tym kontekście. W artykule zaproponowano także sposoby wzruszenia domniemania naruszenia reguł konkurencji przez dominujące przedsiębiorstwo.
Janusz Wojciech Libicki i jego wkład do polskiej ekonomii (w osiemdziesiątą rocznicę mordu w Katyniu)
Authors: Bochenek Mirosław
Published: April 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja dorobku naukowego Janusza Wojciecha Libickiego – ekonomisty, oficera Wojska Polskiego i „katyńczyka”. Jako zwolennik szkoły neoklasycznej oraz stosowania metody matematycznej zajmował się manipulowaniem pieniądza przez bank centralny, kryzysami agrarnymi, nowoczesną teorią kosztów produkcji, równowagą przedsiębiorstwa i rentą producenta, teorią opodatkowania i wydatków publicznych. Był uznawany za nadzieję polskiej ekonomii okresu międzywojennego. Niestety, został zamordowany w okolicach Katynia i szybko zapomniany przez polskich ekonomistów.
Paweł Smaga, Polityka makroostrożnościowa w sektorze bankowym. Teoria i praktyka, Warszawa: SGH Oficyna Wydawnicza 2020
Authors: Przybylska-Kapuścińska Wiesława
Published: April 2021

Paweł Smaga, Polityka makroostrożnościowa w sektorze bankowym. Teoria i praktyka, Warszawa: SGH Oficyna Wydawnicza 2020
Baltic – Black Sea Area as a Geopolitical Reality: Does It Exist?
Authors: Doroshko Mykola , Tsyrfa Iuliia
Published: April 2021

As the social and political transformations observed in the modern world have recently made current the issue of formation of new geopolitical regions, the Baltic – Black Sea Area deserves particular attention because the geopolitical status of this junction territory still remains questionable. The geopolitical boundaries of the Baltic – Black Sea Area are constantly changing not only functionally, but also structurally, which is why it can be considered as a specific geopolitical formation located at the junction of the two geopolitical mega-regions of Western Europe and Northern Eurasia. This area is highly fragmented and still undergoing very painful political, cultural, and economic transformations. The power competition between Russia, NATO and the EU, as well as the region’s historical legacy have determined the path of its development. As a result, the Baltic – Black Sea Area does not have any system of political division or economic management, but close connections between the countries located there and many spheres of their common interest promote comprehensive cooperation and dialogue on a variety of issues. If their cooperation leads to multilateral relationships based on the principle of the sovereign equality of states which are trying to expand the scope of their collaboration and limit the scope of confrontation, they could organize a system of complementary elements which provide synergies and ensure the existence of the Baltic – Black Sea Area as a geopolitical reality.
Interação das espécies Echinochloa crusgalli e Pistia stratiotes para fitorremediação de Levonorgestrel
Authors: Alves Rayssa Thainá Paiva , Andrade Sandro José de , Fernandes Katiúcia Dias
Published: April 2021

Os contaminantes emergentes provenientes dos avanços tecnológicos, industriais, agropecuários e farmacêuticos estão cada vez mais presentes na natureza, ameaçando à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. O levonorgestrel (LNG) é um exemplo desses contaminantes que são encontrados em concentrações extremamente baixas, dificultando a remoção por técnicas convencionais de tratamentos de água e esgoto. Portanto, surgem métodos alternativos de remoção desses compostos, como o uso da fitorremediação. Essa técnica se baseia na remoção de contaminantes emergentes através de plantas. Diante disso, objetivou-se remover o LNG de solução aquosa através das espécies Echinochloa crusgalli e Pistia stratiotes juntas e separadamente. Utilizou-se 3 tratamentos de estudo (0,16 mg L-1 de Levonorgestrel), controle positivo (com hormônio, sem plantas) e controle negativo (com plantas, sem hormônio), seguido de 3 condições de plantas (apenas E. crusgalli; apenas P. stratiotes; ambas as espécies) em duas repetições, totalizando 30 experimentos. Analisou-se as soluções por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos (HPLC/DAD). As determinações de LNG nas plantas foram realizadas através de Cromatografia acoplada ao Espectrômetro de Massas (GC/MS). No geral, os resultados obtidos apresentaram um desempenho satisfatório, pois na segunda semana todos os tratamentos de estudo obtiveram uma concentração de LNG abaixo do limite de quantificação do método (0,025 mg L-1). As análises macroscópicas das plantas não apresentaram diferenças significativas, indicando que ambas as espécies desenvolveram-se bem nesse meio. Assim, conclui-se que essas espécies podem ser utilizadas em programas de biomonitoramento e fitorremediação, tanto juntas quanto separadas para complemento de purificação de água e esgoto
Análise diferencial de genes em linhagens de células de leucemia
Authors: Silva Adilis Rodrigues da , Fernandes Andressa de Solza , Fiorin Viviane Paraboni , Zeppenfeld Tuane , França Guilherme Brum , Tatsch Josiane Scherer , Sagrillo Michele Rorato , Simão Éder Maiquel
Published: April 2021

O câncer manifesta-se a partir de uma transmutação genética, ou seja, uma modificação no DNA que passa a transmitir informações erradas para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades, ocorrendo assim em genes especiais nomeados como proto-oncogenes. A leucemia é um dos cânceres mais conhecidos e acometem os glóbulos brancos que perdem suas funções e passam a se multiplicar descontroladamente. No entanto a terapia gênica, ainda experimental, busca substituir o gene defeituoso, pelo gene normal. O uso terapêutico de inibidores da tirosino quinase (mesilato de imatinibe), reduz significativamente a progressão da doença e elimina os principais sintomas da fase crônica da leucemia, aumentando assim a expectativa de vida. Os objetivos deste trabalho são analisar a expressão diferencial que estão relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da leucemia mediante a sua evolução ou tratamento usando Imatinibe. Os estudos foram realizados em linhagens celulares submetidos por análises de microarranjos de amostras de Leucemia Mielóide Aguda Bialélica e Leucemia Mielóide Crônica.  Foram utilizadas microarranjos da Affymetrix Gene Chip HU133 de células de Leucemia Mieloide extraídos do banco de dados Gene Expression Omnibus. Dentre os resultados obtidos o gene FCAR atua no sistema imune de pacientes com Leucemia, ele é um receptor da glicoproteína transmembrana presente, genes dessa família são usados em imunoterapia usando células T, diferencialmente expresso e está atuando na ativação do sistema imunológico no tratamento da Leucemia Mielóide Aguda. Com isso é possível utilizar as ferramentas de análise de expressão gênica como meio para localizar genes diferencialmente expressos e assim determinar novas terapias gênicas.
Análise espaço temporal da qualidade da água dos rios Peruípe, Itanhém e Jucuruçu, Bahia
Authors: Quinelato Raquel Viana , Farias Emilly da Silva , Brito Joscelia Monteiro Santos de , Virgens Winnie Aguiar , Pires Luanna Chácara
Published: April 2021

As bacias dos rios Peruípe, Itanhém e Jucuruçu têm grande relevância para o abastecimento de diversos munícipios do Extremo Sul da Bahia. Portanto, monitorar e avaliar a qualidade dessas águas é fundamental para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos dessa região.  Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade da água desses rios em 12 pontos de monitoramento situados em 8 munícipios. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados extraídos do Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos do Estado da Bahia (INEMA), dentre eles coliformes termotolerantes, clorofila-a, nitrato, nitrogênio, temperatura, salinidade, alcalinidade, sólidos dissolvidos totais, turbidez, potencial hidrogeniônico, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, fósforo total e amônia, bem como o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) entre 2009 e 2019.  Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos limites estabelecidos na Resolução CONAMA Nº 357 de 2005, tanto para as águas doces Classe 2 quanto salobras Classe 1 e faixas de IQA. Resultados de coliformes termotolerantes, sólidos dissolvidos totais, turbidez, potencial hidrogeniônico, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total e amônia extrapolaram os padrões estabelecidos na resolução CONAMA Nº 357/2005, estando diretamente relacionados ao uso e ocupação do solo, sem o devido acompanhamento de infraestrutura básica e ausência de um esgotamento sanitário que atenda adequadamente às comunidades localizadas próximas às bacias hidrográficas. Os resultados do IQA nas três bacias variaram entre 56,3 e 72,1, o que indica que as águas podem ser classificadas como qualidade boa, apesar das alterações em alguns parâmetros.
O que os produtores de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) do Alto Sertão sergipano pensam a respeito das aves silvestres?
Authors: Silva Cleverton da , Ruiz-Esparza Juan , Silva Fabiana Oliveira da , Ribeiro Adauto de Souza
Published: April 2021

A presença de aves em agroecossistemas pode aumentar significativamente a produção agrícola e os valores de marcado, por meio, especialmente, do controle de pragas, importante serviço ecossistêmico, mas que não costuma ser percebido pelos agricultores. Deste modo, esta pesquisa buscou investigar e compreender a percepção dos produtores de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) do Alto Sertão sergipano sobre a avifauna silvestre local, a fim contribuir para a conservação da avifauna e para o desenvolvimento de práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis. Os dados foram coletados de julho de 2017 a março de 2018, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas com 85 produtores de goiaba. Foi citado um total de 50 espécies de aves pelos entrevistados. Cerca de 70% dos produtores entrevistados afirmaram que as aves visitam as plantações para se alimentar das goiabas, causando prejuízos econômicos. Poucos produtores percebem as aves como elementos importantes dentro do sistema agrícola, realizando poucas práticas para sua proteção. Assim, faz-se necessário estimular a percepção positiva dos produtores sobre a interação das aves com o ambiente agrícola, uma vez que esses animais podem fornecer importantes serviços ecossistêmicos (ex., controle de pragas).
Mass transfer and physicochemical characteristics of turkey neck meat during dry salting
Authors: Mota Janaína Cristina Martins , Cavalcanti Laura Luíza Ferreira , Soares Lenilton Santos , De Lima Marieli
Published: April 2021

The turkey neck is a cut with a higher proportion of meat when compared to the neck of other poultry, abundant in red fibers and is little valued by the food industry. It is possible to add value to this by-product through dry salting, an inexpensive and suitable method for the production of dried meat products, such as charqui. Turkey neck meat was submitted to the dry salting under different temperatures for study their salt gain and water loss on the flat plate geometry, using derived equations of Fick's Law, beyond the influence of the process in the physicochemical characteristics. The highest water loss (33.99%) occurred at 10 °C, while the highest salt gain (9.47%) was observed at 15 °C. The empirical model presented a good fit to the experimental data. Apparent diffusivities were between 1.02 x 10-10 m2/s and 1.18 x 10-10 m2/s. The dry salting promoted small decrease in pH, the darkening of the meat, while shear force increased. After the process, water activity (aw) was 0.74 and 0.79, moisture between 40.14% and 45.97%, and ash residue (12.30% - 14.03%), which characterizes a salt product with similar characteristics of charqui meat. It is possible to estimate the desirable amount of salt, producing a stable food product with a high conservation potential and a wide range of applications for derived salty products.
Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke (Fabaceae)
Authors: Santos Thiago Martins , Albuquerque Alisson Rangel , Raimam Milena Pupo
Published: April 2021

O conhecimento acerca das características fisiológicas e sanitárias das sementes é essencial para o controle de qualidade de mudas. Assim, os testes de vigor e sanidade das sementes são fundamentais na análise de lotes amostrais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a sanidade e a viabilidade de sementes de Cenostigma tocantinum coletadas no município de Marabá-PA. A germinação utilizou o substrato de papel toalha e incubação em BOD e a viabilidade foi obtida pelo método do tetrazólio (0,1%). A sanidade das sementes foi avaliada com e sem a desinfecção por hipoclorito de sódio 2%. Para cada análise foram utilizadas 200 sementes. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), taxa de germinação (%), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), porcentagem de sementes viáveis e incidência de fungos (%). As análises demonstraram a taxa de germinação de 85%, IVG de 6,49 horas e TMG de 2,85 dias. A viabilidade das sementes foi de 73%. O lote apresentou 85% de incidência de Penicillium sp., 46% por Aspergillus sp, 14% por Fusarium sp. e 16% de Rhizopus sp. O método de desinfecção foi eficiente para a redução da incidência dos fungos.
Allelopathic effect of Azadirachta indica fresh leaves on the germination of native plants in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest
Authors: Mota João André Ximenes , Lemos Henrique Áquila Ferreira , Ferreira Wanessa Nepomuceno , Silva Maria Amanda Menezes
Published: April 2021

Allelopathic potential, which is characterized by harmful or beneficial effects on a species, is a hypothesis that could explain the success of a vegetable species in process of invasion. For that reason, this study aims to investigate the allelopathic effect of the fresh leaf extract from Azadirachta indica on the germination and early growth of native species (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Pityrocarpa moniliformis, Astronium urundeuva, Cenostigma pyramidale, and Libidibia ferrea) in the seasonally dry tropical forest (caatinga). The raw extract was prepared with 200g of fresh leaves in 1L of distilled water, diluted in six treatments. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD), with four repetitions of 25 seeds, and paper towel moistened with extract as substrate. The number of germinated seeds was counted daily. At the end of the experiment, radicle length (RL), germination percentage (GP), germination speed index (GSI), and average germination time (AGT) were evaluated. P. stipulacea’s GP and GSI averages and A. urundeuva’s AGT  decreased as extract concentration increased. As far as RL is concerned, in intermediate concentrations the extract hindered P. moniliformis and L. ferrea’s growth but favored C. pyramidale and A. urundeuva’s. Results allow us to infer that A. indica has an allelopathic effect on native species and might interfere with their rooting in the field, which in turn would affect the succession and balance of the forest over time, since the community structure and the ecosystemic processes would be impacted.
Bioatividade do óleo essencial de Eugenia caryophyllus sobre Cladosporium herbarum, agente etiológico da verrugose em maracujá
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Rosa de , Silva Leirson Rodrigues da , Morais Lilia Aparecida Salgado de
Published: April 2021

Os óleos essenciais extraídos de plantas exibem funções ecológicas importantes demonstradas através de diversos estudos, com potencial para serem utilizados como agentes antimicrobianos naturais em substituição aos pesticidas convencionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a fungitoxidade do óleo essencial de Eugenia caryophyllus Tumb, em diferentes concentrações, contra o crescimento micelial de Cladosporium herbarum, agente etiológico da doença conhecida como “verrugose” que afeta todos os órgãos aéreos do maracujazeiro, reduzindo seriamente a produtividade, o suprimento, os preços e a qualidade da fruta. A partir de frutos e flores, o fungo foi isolado, recuperado e analisado em batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) com os tratamentos 12,8; 6,4; 3,2; 1,6; 0,8; 0,4 e 0,2 μL de óleo essencial de E. caryophyllus. O óleo essencial de E. caryophyllus inibiu o crescimento micelial de C. herbarum a partir da concentração de 1,6 μL e apresentou uma inibição micelial total na concentração de 12,8 μL. Assim, o óleo essencial de E. caryophyllus apresentou-se promissor para aplicações futuras como agente biofungicida contra C. herbarum.
The Results of Exit Polls in Kansas to Verify Voting Machine Counts in the November 2016 Election
Authors: Clarkson Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Citizens’ exit polls are performed by local voters to verify the official reported election results. Five citizens’ exit polls were run in southeast Kansas during the Nov 8th 2016 election. These exit polls were designed specifically to verify computer generated vote counts and run solely by volunteer labor, all local citizens who were willing to put in the necessary hours on Election Day to conduct the poll and later, to count the results by hand. These exit polls were able to obtain high participation rates resulting in the ability to detect small yet statistically significant differences. All five polling stations surveyed show evidence of multiple statistical anomalies in both the pattern and size of the errors between the official results and exit poll results although biases were not uniformly oriented across sites. The small discrepancies found in the studied races were insufficient to alter the outcomes. Non-response bias and unintentional errors were evaluated as potential causes; those explanations were plausible in some but not all cases. These results show a pattern of discrepancies between the exit polls and computer counted results displaying consistent bias within sites. This would be an expected outcome of a deliberate manipulation of the computer results. While this data doesn’t conclusively prove election interference and manipulation of votes counts, it should be taken seriously as a sign of such interference. Doubts about the accuracy of the reported results are appropriate unless other plausible explanations for the discrepancies can be found.
Fake Spies, Democratization, and Transitional Justice in South Korea
Authors: Park Sunkyoung , Hong Ji Yeon
Published: April 2021

Many democracies start with aspirations to rectify wrongs that occurred under the preceding authoritarian regime. To what extent can a new democracy address political repression and violence by dictators, given that key actors from the past often remain politically powerful? What determines the success of those efforts? We construct and analyze a novel data set on 102 retrials of allegedly fabricated espionage cases in South Korea to explain the political conditions under which a democratic judiciary reverses past errors. We find that the time since democratization, a leader’s policy drive for transitional justice, and the degree of fabrication in the past all affect retrial acquittal rates. We also find that judges who were appointed under the authoritarian regime are less likely to nullify past verdicts. Furthermore, national survey analysis suggests that the overturning of past fabricated verdicts significantly enhances citizens’ overall trust in the judiciary.
Reciprocal Processes of Human Dying and Its Activities
Authors: Shishkin Alexey E.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. In this article, we investigate the reasons for the “disappearance” of man in the context of his rejection of God, history, culture, nature. We are interested in a two-fold approach to understanding death: a) all perishable and imitative activity is a signal of the dying of both consciousness and a person; b) a material, fractional and secular person cannot construct Beauty, Truth, Eternity. Methods. The interdisciplinary approach showed a kink in a person from different angles. The hermeneutic approach helped to reveal the inner content of the concept of “death”. The systems approach showed the breadth of the studied object of death, affecting all institutional structures and spheres of life. The structural-functional method helped to present the phenomenon of death in a detailed manifestation both in ontogeny and phylogeny. The value-institutional analysis helped to realize the stability of the social order through the fixation of basic values in the mind. General scientific methods of cognition were used: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, the unity of the logical and the historical, the ascent from the concrete to the abstract. Results. If a person does not have transcendences, then the focus of understanding narrows, and the spiritual and moral parameters are replaced by consumerist ones. If a person defends only the immanence of being, then in a lonely and lonely state, his remoteness from the Primary Source means his own sentence to contentment with the ultimate “nothing”. Charles Tylor, through the concept of a “closed” or “horizontal” world, defines the nonsense of a person who is inside a transcendental structure. Discussion and Conclusion. The theme of death has shown the “cross-cutting nature” of the problem of domination/dependence on human death throughout the history of philosophy.
The Firm “F. Schwabe” in the Context of Russian Industrialization in the Second Half of the XIX – early XX century
Authors: Sludnyh Anatoly V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the significance of the problem of the formation of entrepreneurship as an important social component of industrial and post-industrial society. Many modern contradictory processes of post-industrial globalized society have analogs in the modernization of the second half of the XIX – early XX century. Materials and Methods. The modernization paradigm was chosen as the main strategy of the study, and this choice contributed to the identification of socio-political, socio-economic and socio-cultural influences on the formation of entrepreneurship in Russia. The history of the formation of the Schwabe company – from a small shop selling imported optics to a large enterprise – was considered in the context of the processes of industrialization in the optical industry as a whole. The technique of combining macro and micro-historical research was used. Results. The history of the formation of the company F. Schwabe reflected the peculiarities of the development of industrial society in Russia: the uneven course of the industrial revolution, dependence on imports, and technological backwardness were combined with high rates of development, the use of various mechanisms for expanding influence in the industry: publishing catalogs, opening new stores and branches throughout the Russian Empire, attracting capital from shareholders and investments from foreign banks, cooperation with educational institutions, the Boundary Office as consumers of optical devices, free packaging and delivery of goods to consumers, participation in Russian and international industrial exhibitions. Discussion and Conclusions. The Russian bourgeoisie has become an important socio-organizing factor in the development of the optical industry. Its vital activity played a significant role in the formation of industrial society. It is safe to say that the firm F. Schwabe was at the forefront of Russia’s modernization at the turn of the century. Working in a new promising sector of the economy – the production and sale of optical devices – the owners of the company actively conquered the market. The history of the Schwabe company is presented in the study not only as the evolution of production capacities and technologies, but also as the history of entrepreneurial experience, socio-cultural activities of the bourgeoisie, the continuity of entrepreneurial traditions and bourgeois values.
The History of the 1947 Monetary Reform of the USSR in Moscow and Leningrad
Authors: Bandurin Sergey G. , Tsvetkov Igor B.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. World and domestic economic history are the history of ups and downs, the history of finding ways out of difficult, sometimes crisis and critical situations, most often manifested both during and after wars. The Great Patriotic War, which dealt a blow to all spheres of life of the belligerent countries, was no exception. Testing the viability of the country’s economic model, in particular the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, began directly during the war and continued after the end of hostilities. The relevance of the topic under study lies in the study of a positive example of the country’s recovery from the economic crisis, as well as the study of the reaction of the general population to the measures taken. The purpose of this article is to retrospectively analyze the economic situation of those years, to model the reader’s understanding of the reaction of society at that time to events and the way of solving the problem chosen by the party, as well as to demonstrate the results of the government’s activities. Materials and Methods. This study is based on the traditional methods used in the national historical science: problem-chronological, systemic and comparative-historical. Research Results. The analysis of the measures taken in the financial and economic sphere showed the consistency of the methods chosen by the government, however, the general assessment of the measures among the population turned out to be versatile. The assessments of the researchers of this problem, both Soviet and modern, are generally positive. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the monetary reform of 1947, the Soviet Union managed to avoid the depreciation of the ruble, the surplus of banknotes issued during the war years was eliminated, the state’s internal debt on bonds was significantly reduced, and the salaries of the population were preserved. This money was used to rebuild the post-war country. The abolition of cards ensured a decrease in market prices for many groups of goods and significantly reduced the number of speculators.