bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organizational Structure on Productivity: A Case Study of Obajana Cement Factory, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Job Ayodele Ekundayo
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research article examines how organizational structure affects output. The division of labour among employees and the coordination of their actions so they are focused on the organization's goals and objectives are the two purposes of organizational structure.
Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design with the population of 200 executives and subordinates out of which a sample size of (N=180) was randomly selected. Questionnaires were the instrument for data collection and were analyzed using the mean score approach.
Findings: Organization structure is important to improve organizational efficiency and productivity.
Conclusion: The paper concludes that organizational structures have an effect on productivity, improve firms’ efficiency within the organizational units and brings about proper working relationship among various subunits in the organization. Also, structures affect the behavior of employees in the organization and people work better, duties are separated, and production will rise if a clear structure is in place.
The Ontological Limitation of Being in Existential World: A Study of Tewfik, Al-Hakim’s Fate of a Cockroach
Authors: Bamikale Oje , Adekunle Adegite
Published: December 2024

The Scientific and technological innovations are obviously designed to unravel the mystery and secret of nature for human being to live in harmony. Unfortunately, science and technology are still far behind in this attainment. They are seeing, only promoting material wealth and failed to promote spiritual wealth necessary to guarantee such harmonious living. There have been climatic changes that promote global warming in the universe. The effect of this global warming can be found in incessant global pandemics that ravage the world from time to time. The current issue of corona virus (Covid-19) is a pointer to this issue as scientist and technologist still fail to provide solution to curb the effect of the pandemic world over. In as much that science and technology cannot provide solution to climatic changes which led to global warming and of which the product is the global epidemic that we are witnessing from time to time, it is, therefore, imperative that man should design various means to exist amidst the pandemics which, as a result of scientific and technological activities are posing threat to the harmonious living to beings in the universe. This study is designed to observe the reactions of beings to the problems of nature as well as the problems created by the scientists and technologists, one of which is the “corona virus” (covid-19), the world is still battling with in this world of the existence. An in-depth analysis of Tewfik, Al-Hakim’s Fate of a Cockroach is done to seeing how man is able to live and adapt at the period of anguish and to suggesting the ways forward despite man’s limitation in the existential world. Carl Marx “Existentialism” is used as a mode of analysis to make suggestions to man on how he could exist and move forward in the existential world. The study revealed that man needs to keep on struggling against all life’s vicissitudes pose on beings by nature, science and technological activities in the universe.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG MITIGASI BENCANA BANJIR DENGAN SIKAP KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT MENGHADAPI BANJIR DI RW 05 KELURAHAN GEDONG PANJANG KECAMATAN CITAMIANG KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Waluya Ady , Wahyudin Dedi
Published: December 2024

Pengetahuan terhadap bencana merupakan alasan utama seseorang untuk melakukan kegiatan perlindungan atau upaya kesiapsiagaan yang ada. Kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana merupakan suatu kondisi masyarakat yang baik secara individu maupun kelompok yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya bencana di kemudian hari. Banjir adalah aliran air di permukaan tanah yang relatif tinggi dan tidak dapat ditampung oleh saluran (drainase) atau sungai, sehingga melimpah ke kanan dan kiri serta menimbulkan genangan/aliran dalam jumlah yang melebihi normal dan mengakibatkan kerugian pada manusia. Manajemen bencana adalah sebuah proses yang terus menerus dimana pemerintah, dunia usaha, dan masyarakat sipil merencanakan dan mengurangi pengaruh bencana, mengambil tindakan segera setelah bencana terjadi, dan mengambil langkah-langkah untuk pemulihan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kepala keluarga di RW 5 Kelurahan Gedong Panjang Kecamatan Citamiang Kota Sukabumi. Cara pengambilan sampel yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teknik total sampling. Analisa bivariat penelitian ini akan menggunakan uji statistic Chi-Square. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistic Chi Square menunjukan p value 0,0006 (< 0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan pengetahuan bencana dengan sikap kesiapsiagaan warga dalam menghadapi bencana banjir pada responden. Terdapat hubungan pengetahuan bencana dengan sikap kesiapsiagaan warga dalam menghadapi bencana tanah Banjir. Disarankan bagi masyarakat Rw 05 Kelurahan Gedong Panjang Kecamatan Citamiang Kota Sukabumi dapat menghadapi kesiapsigaan dalam menghadapi bencana Banjir.
PENERAPAN KOMPRES HANGAT DI DAERAH AXILLA PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH 3-6 TAHUN DENGAN THYPOID YANG MENGALAMI MASALAH HIPERTERMI DI RUANG MELATI RUMAH SAKIT TK.II DUSTIRA CIMAHI TANGGAL 01-03 MEI 2024
Authors: Sandi  , Octaviani Oky
Published: December 2024

Thypoid merupakan penyakit infeksi  yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella Thypi dan bisa ditularkan melalui berbagai cara yaitu Food, Fingers, Flies, Feses, dan Vomitus. Thypoid merupakan masalah kesehatan bagi masyarakat dunia, angka kejadian Thypoid di Indonesia yaitu 70% pada anak usia prasekolah. Hipertermia adalah suatu kondisi dimana individu mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh >37,5℃. Terapi kompres hangat di axsilla merupakan salah satu tindakan untuk menurunkan demam. Kompres hangat dilakukan 3 hari selama 15 menit. Hasil studi kasus penerapan kompres hangat di axsilla menunjukkan bahwa suhu tubuh membaik, suhu kulit membaik dengan rata-rata penurunan demam 1℃. Penerapan kompres hangat di axsilla yang dilakukan menunjukan adanya pencapaian target indikator yang telah ditetapkan dan penurunan suhu tubuh. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan kompres hangat di axsilla efektif untuk menurunkan demam akibat Thypoid pada anak usia prasekolah. Dengan demikian penulis memberikan saran bagi masyarakat dapat memahami penerapan kompres hangat di axsilla saat anak mengalami demam.
PENERAPAN TERAPI BERMAIN PLASTISIN (PLAYDOUGH) TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN AKIBAT HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-6 TAHUN) DENGAN DEMAM THYPOID DI RUANG MELATI RUMAH SAKIT TK. II DUSTIRA CIMAHI
Authors: Tifa Putri Gunasyah Dewi , Aziz Abdul , Taufik Ismail Iqbal
Published: December 2024

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella thyphi bacteria, which symptomatically affects the digestive tract. Severe typhoid fever resulted in the child being hospitalized. Preschool-aged children who are undergoing hospitalization tend to experience fear and anxiety when nursing procedures are carried out. Anxiety in children can be treated with various methods and media, one of which is plasticine play therapy. This study aims to identify the application before and after plasticine play therapy in children with typhoid fever. The research method used is descriptive-analytic with a case study approach, utilizing the nursing process, which starts with an assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing implementation, and nursing evaluation. The instruments used in the research were nursing care, observation sheets, CEMS (children's emotional manifestation scale), standard operating procedures (SOP) for plasticine play therapy, and 1 set of plasticine. Data collection was carried out on one subject, a four-year-old child with a diagnosis of typhoid fever. The intervention was given once a day for three days with a duration of 30 minutes. The research results showed that there was a decrease in anxiety levels from a score of 19 (moderate anxiety) to a score of 8 (no anxiety). The impact of implementing plasticine play therapy can reduce anxiety because the child's attention can be distracted from anxiety, fulfil the child's emotional needs, and help the child's socialization process.
Penerapan Green School Sebagai Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Riska Purnama , Sabani Fatmarida , Hasis Pertiwi Kamariah , Yusuf Munir , Hutami Eka Poppi
Published: December 2024

This research aims to describe the description of the Green School at the Al Ikhsan Islamic Kindergarten, Palopo City, to describe Green School activities that can strengthen early childhood character education at the Al Ikhsan Islamic Kindergarten, Palopo City. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach, in the process of data collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis used in this research is reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that 1) the description of the Green School in the Al Ikhasan Islamic Kindergarten in Palopo City is carried out with various environmentally friendly activities such as throwing rubbish in its place, caring for plants around the school, not damaging the school environment, carrying out school greening such as farming activities, saving money in use water so as not to damage the environment around the school. 2) Green School activities at the Al Ikhsan Islamic Kindergarten in Palopo City can strengthen early childhood character education, such as the character of responsibility, discipline, creativity and caring for the environment.
Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Onet Board Berbasis Seling Untuk Memperkenalkan Huruf Hijaiyah Dalam Berbagai Posisi Kepada Anak-Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Hutami Eka Poppi , Ramli Syamsul Alam
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop an interactive learning medium, the Seling-based Onet Board, to introduce Hijaiyah letters in various positions to children aged 5-6 years. The research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving ten steps according to Borg & Gall, from data collection to dissemination and product implementation. Initial observations revealed that many children, especially in Group B, struggled to recognize Hijaiyah letters in different positions (initial, medial, and final). The Seling-based Onet Board was developed to address this issue, incorporating the Seling (Sentra and Lingkaran) concept and four scaffolding steps to enhance the learning experience. Field trials and revisions based on feedback from educators and children indicated that the Seling-based Onet Board effectively improved children's ability to recognize Hijaiyah letters in various positions. Data analysis using SPSS confirmed the validity and feasibility of the medium. The findings suggest that this playful approach increases children's interest and motivation, making them more active and engaged in the learning process, which aligns with developmental theories emphasizing the effectiveness of learning through enjoyable activities. This study highlights the potential of the Seling-based Onet Board as an alternative method for teaching Hijaiyah letters in early childhood education.
Pengembangan Media Kotak Pintar Menggunakan Bahan Bekas
Authors: Elma Sabrina Putri  , Muhammad Guntur  , Pertiwi Kamariah Hasis
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the needs analysis, validity, and practicality of the media, and to determine the effectiveness of the learning media developed. This type of research is the mixed method with the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The subjects of this study were 8 students of Group B1 at TK Negeri Pembina Telluwanua Palopo City. The instruments used was a questionnaire of media expert validation, materials, and educator practicality. The data analysis technique used was descriptive quantitative and quantitative analysis.The result of the researcher’s development in the form of Smart Box learning media made from used materials. The results of the needs analysis experienced by students include : a lack of attention of students during learning, and the media used is only a blackboard in the early literacy process in recognizing letters. The results of media expert validation  obtained an average of 84,44% with the category “Very Valid”, the results of the material expert validation recapitulation obtained an average of 84% with the category “Very Valid”, and the results of the practicality test by educatiors obtained an average of 100% with the category “Very Practical”. The result of the Smart Box effectiveness test are seen from the development of children’s abilities through daily assesments on the Independent Curriculum.Based on these result, it can be conceled that the Smart Box media using used materials is effective in the learning proses.
The utility of procalcitonin as a biomarker of hospital-acquired infection in severe COVID-19
Authors: Schmidt C , Nyasulu P S , Fwemba I , Lalla U , Allwood B W , Parker A , Taljaard J J , Sigwadhi L N , Tamuzi J L , Zemlin A E , Erasmus R T , Koegelenberg C F N
Published: December 2024

Background. Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality. The ‘cytokine storm’ associated with COVID-19 leads to extreme elevation of inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP). Procalcitonin (PCT) has been shown to be more discriminative than CRP in distinguishing HAI from other inflammatory processes.
Objectives. To investigate the utility of PCT in detecting HAI in patients with severe COVID-19.
Methods. Clinical and laboratory data from all patients admitted to a dedicated ICU with confirmed severe COVID-19 from 1 April 2020 to 31 August 2020 were prospectively captured. HAI was confirmed by serial PCT and CRP measurements, as well as microbiological data (positive microbiological cultures in clinical context). Data from patients who were on antibiotics on ICU admission, had a positive culture for a presumed pathogen during the first 48 hours of ICU admission, or already had suspected or proven HAI on admission were excluded. Optimal cut-offs with the highest sensitivity and specificity were determined. The discriminative power of PCT was assessed for each outcome, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis describing the area under the curve. Similarly, negative predictive values (NPVs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were determined. The sensitivity and specificity for different PCT cut-off levels were calculated.
Results. Of 92 patients, 35 had confirmed HAI, which was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that a threshold PCT level of 0.22 μg/L resulted in 97% sensitivity and 40% specificity for predicting HAI. Similarly, sensitivity and specificity for CRP were 91.4% and 38.6%, respectively, when the CRP level was 133 mg/L. In patients with a PCT level <0.25 μg/L, the NPV was 92%, whereas for PCT levels >1.00 μg/L, the PPV was >50%. For PCT levels >40 μg/L, the PPV was 100%.
Conclusion. During HAI, PCT levels >1.00 μg/L had a moderate PPV of 52%, whereas levels <0.26 μg/L ruled out HAI with an NPV of 92%. With increased PCT values, the PPV rose to 100%, making it a better biomarker than CRP.
Serum chitotriosidase activity in South African patients with sarcoidosis and tuberculosis
Authors: Morar R , Sinclair I , Feldman C
Published: December 2024

Background. Chitotriosidase is a chitinase enzyme that is expressed selectively through activated macrophages in humans. Increased activity of chitotriosidase in both bronchoalveolar lavage samples and serum of patients with sarcoidosis has been reported. It has been proposed that chitotriosidase could be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis in sarcoidosis patients. However, no studies in a South African (SA) cohort have evaluated this potential role.
Objectives. To analyse serum chitotriosidase activity in treated and untreated sarcoidosis patients, healthy controls and patients with tuberculosis (TB). Sarcoidosis and TB are two diseases of differing aetiology that may be clinically difficult to distinguish between in the SA setting, which is a high-burden area for TB. We hoped to determine whether chitotriosidase activity levels could help differentiate the one disease from the other.
Methods. Serum chitotriosidase activity was measured in an SA cohort of treated and untreated sarcoidosis patients and compared with controls. In addition, activity in sarcoidosis patients was compared with that in TB patients. Overall, chitotriosidase activity was assayed in the serum of 12 biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients before treatment, 9 sarcoidosis patients after at least a month’s treatment, 10 patients with confirmed pulmonary and/or disseminated TB before treatment, and 12 healthy controls. Plasma chitotriosidase activity was assayed as previously described using 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,Nʹ,N′′-triacetylchitotriose as a substrate.
Results. Significantly higher serum chitotriosidase activity was observed in sarcoidosis patients, both untreated and treated, compared with controls (p<0.05). Sarcoidosis patients had higher chitotriosidase levels than TB patients, but this difference was not significant. While chitotriosidase activity was lower in patients with TB than in those with sarcoidosis, levels were elevated compared with controls.
Conclusion. Chitotriosidase activity in patients with sarcoidosis was greater than in those with TB, and also greater compared with controls. The increased chitotriosidase activity in sarcoidosis suggests that this enzyme may be involved in the disease pathogenesis. Further investigation is required to validate these findings.
A critical perspective on paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis and diagnostic advancements
Authors: Mochankana K , Masekela R
Published: December 2024

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YOLOv8-DEE: a high-precision model for printed circuit board defect detection
Authors: Yi Feifan , Mohamed Ahmad Sufril Azlan , Noor Mohd Halim Mohd , Che Ani Fakhrozi , Zolkefli Zol Effendi
Published: December 2024

Defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) occurring during the production process of consumer electronic products can have a substantial impact on product quality, compromising both stability and reliability. Despite considerable efforts in PCB defect inspection, current detection models struggle with accuracy due to complex backgrounds and multi-scale characteristics of PCB defects. This article introduces a novel network, YOLOv8-DSC-EMA-EIoU (YOLOv8-DEE), to address these challenges by enhancing the YOLOv8-L model. Firstly, an improved backbone network incorporating depthwise separable convolution (DSC) modules is designed to enhance the network’s ability to extract PCB defect features. Secondly, an efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) module is introduced in the network’s neck to improve contextual information interaction within complex PCB images. Lastly, the original complete intersection over union (CIoU) is replaced with efficient intersection over union (EIoU) to better highlight defect locations and accommodate varying sizes and aspect ratios, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Experimental results show that YOLOv8-DEE achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 97.5% and 98.7% on the HRIPCB and DeepPCB datasets, respectively, improving by 2.5% and 0.7% compared to YOLOv8-L. Additionally, YOLOv8-DEE outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in defect detection, demonstrating significant improvements in detecting small, medium, and large PCB defects.
Exploration of key mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of AMD3100 on attenuating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Lv Zhou , Zhang Bohan , Zhang Hui , Mao Yanfei , Yu Qihong , Dong Wenwen
Published: December 2024

Context

AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, has beneficial effects immaculate in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI).

Objective

ALI is a severe inflammatory condition associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. AMD3100, has therapeutic effects that reduce ALI. Our study explored the regulatory mechanisms of AMD3100 in alleviating the injury of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice.

Materials and Methods

Male ICR mice were randomly divided into control, LPS-treated, AMD3100-treated, and LPS + AMD3100-treatment groups. The histological changes of lung tissues from different groups were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lung injury was measured by ELISA and lung wet/dry ratio. Moreover, lung tissues from the four groups were subjected to transcriptome sequencing followed by differential expression, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and transcription factor analyses. The validation of mRNAs and protein levels were conducted with qRT-PCR and ELISA.

Results

Hematoxylin and eosin staining combined with the concentration of IL-1 and IL1-β and lung wet/dry ratios revealed that AMD3100 reduced the level of LPS-induced lung injury. Analysis of the transcriptome sequencing data identified 294 differentially expressed genes in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Based on the PPI network and module analysis, hub targets of AMD3100, such as Cxcl10 and Cxcl9, were identified in module 1, and hub targets, such as Cxcl12 and Cxcl1, were identified in module 2. Cxcl10 and Cxcl9 are involved in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Cxcl12 and Cxcl1 arae enriched in the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Cxcl19, Cxcl10, and Cxcl1 are targeted by transcription factors like NF-κB. The validation of mRNAs and protein levels conducted by PCR and ELISA supported our transcriptome data.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that AMD3100 may exhibit a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice by modulating multiple chemokines to inhibit the Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
Lindiwe: ferramenta para análise de fraturas geológicas com base na técnica de scanline
Authors: Muchanga Armando , Gomes Igor Fernandes , Barbosa José Antônio , Correia Filho Osvaldo José
Published: December 2024

Na análise de sistemas de fraturas em geologia e engenharia, a técnica scanline é passível de viéses, podendo repercutir incertezas nos resultados. Para sanar essa fragilidade, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional de código aberto chamada Lindiwe. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever o funcionamento da ferramenta Lindiwe, desenvolvida para otimizar a análise de fraturas geológicas com base na técnica scanline. A ferramenta foi utilizada em uma simulação a partir de afloramento na Praia de Itapuama, sobre o qual foram realizados cálculos manuais pertinentes da técnica de scnaline, e fornecidas informações para a ferramenta proceder na análise. Os resultados validaram o Lindiwe, evendenciando que a ferramenta representa um avanço na análise de fraturas geológicas, proporcionando uma solução eficiente e precisa.
Análise do desempenho de modelos matemáticos para a avaliação da infiltração de água no solo
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique Felipe da , Miranda Elka Élice Vasco de
Published: December 2024

O processo de infiltração de água no solo é utilizado como um dos indicadores de sua qualidade física, fornecendo subsídios para a sua conservação e para uma gestão adequada dos recursos hídricos. Tendo em vista o supracitado, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a infiltração de água no solo ao redor de duas nascentes urbanas no município de Dourados - MS utilizando um infiltrômetro de duplo anel concêntrico. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos modelos empíricos de Horton, Kostiakov e Kostiakov-Lewis para estimar a infiltração e compará-la com a observada, visando identificar o modelo que melhor se ajusta aos dados. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo de Kostiakov apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados observados, enquanto o modelo de Horton foi o que menos se adaptou. As velocidades de infiltração básicas encontradas foram classificadas como alta e muito alta, indicando baixo risco de escoamento superficial, responsáveis em causar processos erosivos nestes locais.
Delving into the Fascinating Realm of Biofilm Forming Bacteria: A Review
Authors: Shakya Poonam , Jogi Joycee , Rai Ajay , Bordoloi Smita , Gajbhiye Shilpa , Garg Akshay , Singh R P
Published: December 2024

Bacterial biofilms are complex, three-dimensional communities of microorganisms that are encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix, which allows them to adhere to various surfaces, including medical devices, industrial equipment and living tissues. These biofilms exhibit remarkable structural and functional heterogeneity, genetic diversity and complex community interactions. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process that is triggered by environmental changes and involves multiple regulatory networks that mediate gene expression changes. Biofilms can confer significant advantages to the bacteria, such as increased tolerance to antimicrobial agents, evasion of the host immune system, and facilitation of horizontal gene transfer. Chronic nosocomial infections in clinical settings are often caused by biofilm. This review provides a concise overview of the development, dispersal and therapeutic strategies for bacterial biofilms, with a focus on their medical significance and the challenges they pose in the dawn of the post-antibiotic era. It focuses on emerging therapeutic strategies such as anti biofilm agents, phage therapy, use of nanoparticles, anti virulence strategies such as quorum sensing inhibitors, use of combination therapies, photo dynamic therapy, gene editing and RNA based therapies, immunotherapy, natural product based therapies, surface modification of meducal devices etc.
Trade Openness and Non-oil Tax Revenue in Nigeria
Authors: A. A. Abaneme, , S. A Tella
Published: December 2024

The study empirically examined the effect of trade openness on non-oil tax revenue in Nigeria for the period 1986-2022. Data were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin 2022 and World Development Indicator database. Unit root test was conducted and the result indicated that the variables were not in the same order of integration. Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) bound test was conducted and it was found that there is a co-integration among the variables. Result from ARDL long run model showed that trade openness and real gross domestic product had significant positive effect on non-oil tax revenue while inflation rate, exchange rate and foreign direct investment had no significant effect on non-oil tax revenue in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended international trade should be encouraged as it generates income through taxation in Nigeria. However, concern should be to encourage more exportation in other to have favorable balance of payment in Nigeria.
"RELEASE Model: A Critical Literacy-Based Inquiry Approach to Improve Students' Reading-Writing Skills"
Authors: Akhiruddin  , Ramly  , Syamsudduha
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of the RILIS Model (Critical Literacy-Based Inquiry) in reading and writing learning in higher education. This model integrates five stages of learning, namely Research, Inquiry, Literacy, Interpretation, and Synthesis, which aims to improve students' critical thinking skills through an inquiry approach. The research method used is development research with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data was collected through tests, classroom observations, and interviews with students and lecturers involved. The results of the study show that the application of the RILIS Model can improve students' critical literacy skills, strengthen text analysis skills, and motivate students to be actively involved in learning. In particular, this model is able to help students build more coherent and in-depth arguments, which reflects the mastery of the critical thinking process in reading and writing. Although there are challenges in implementation, such as the need for longer time and student readiness, the RILIS Model makes an important contribution to the development of learning methods based on critical literacy in higher education. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of curriculum and inquiry-based learning strategies in higher education.
Students’ Engagement in Mathematics with Virtual Resource: The Impact of Localization of PhET Interactive Simulation in Indigenous Nigerian Language
Authors: Akpan Ekemini T. , Essien Nseabasi P. , Udoh Ememobong O. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the impact of a localized virtual learning tool; Physics Education Technology (PhET) interactive simulations on the achievements of students in Mathematics. The study adapted a questionnaire titled Student Engagement Measurement Scale (SEMS) in Mathematics. The SEMS has four latent constructs; cognitive, behavioral, agentic, and emotional engagements used to observe the impact of the localized virtual learning tool on students’ achievements in Mathematics. A sample of three hundred and thirty three (333) pre-degree students within the targeted population participated in the study. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the SEMS recorded 62.89% as the average variance extracted from the latent variables. Using regression analysis, agentic engagement showed a significant impact on students’ achievement in Mathematics. This underscores the positive effect of efik/ibibio as part of the language of Instruction in Mathematics classroom. Students’ emotional engagement with the localized virtual learning tool showed a significant positive relationship with their corresponding academic achievements in Mathematics. This underscores the fact that socio-cultural mathematical resources improve students’ interest in Mathematics. Cognitive and behavioural engagements which measured some forms of mental alertness, manipulative skills, transfer of learning, and tasks-attention-responses in class, yielded positive significant impacts on students’ academic achievements in Mathematics. Hence, diversification of instructional practices through the leverages offered by localized digital resources improved learning achievement in Mathematics.
The Influence of Strategic Analysis Practices on School Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: A Reflection to the Strategic Planning Model
Authors: Ibrahim Richard
Published: December 2024

This study sought to appraise the influence of strategic analysis practices on school performance in public secondary schools in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Specifically, it assessed the influence of strategic analysis practices on school organisation performance; assessed the influence of strategic analysis practices on teacher performance; and evaluated the influence of strategic analysis practices on students’ academic performance. In order to achieve its intended objectives, the study was guided by the Johnson and Scholes model. The study adopted a mixed research approach in which it employed a convergent research design in which data were collected through survey questionnaire, interview and documentary review. The target population of the study was 2,417 members of the School Management Teams (SMTs) and School Governing Boards in which the study sample comprised of 342 SMTs and SGBs members. Quantitative data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis.
The findings revealed that, strategic analysis practices is positively and significantly related to school organisational performance (b=0.425; p=0.013; R2=0.2); On the other hand, it was found that, strategic analysis practices is not significantly related to both teacher performance (b = 0.288; p = 0.112; R2=0.1) and students’ academic performance (b = 0.354; p = 0.118; R2 = 0.1). Nevertheless, it was further observed that, strategic analysis is indirectly related to both teacher performance and students’ academic performance through its mediating effect on school organisational performance as evidenced by the CFA results and qualitative findings. Therefore, it was generally concluded that, strategic analysis practices is an antecedent to school performance. The study recommended that; school management teams should optimise their potential in enhancing school performance by ensuring proper adoption of strategic analysis practices in their school development planning process.
Evaluation of Physical and Sensory Attributes of Cookies Formulated from Multi-Millet Based Composite Flours
Authors: Ikade Avishkar R. , Kamble Kailas , Kad Vikram P. , Salve Vilas , Shelke Ganesh , Shaniware Yogesh A.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigates the influence of multi-millet flour incorporation on the physical, textural, color, and sensory attributes of cookies. Cookies were prepared using composite flours made from blends of whole wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, and soyabean flours in the following proportions: (T1) 75:10:05:05:05, (T2) 75:05:10:05:05, (T3) 75:05:05:10:05, (T4) 60:15:10:10:05, (T5) 60:10:15:10:05, (T6) 60:10:10:15:05, (T7) 45:20:15:15:05, (T8) 45:15:20:15:05, (T9) 45:15:15:20:05, with 100% whole wheat flour as the control (T0). Substituting wheat flour with a millet flour blend reduced the cookies weight and spread ratio, while it increased the diameter and thickness. Textural analysis revealed a reduction in hardness, as evidenced by lower penetration and cutting forces, in cookies made with millet-based composite flours. As the proportion of millet increased, the cookies colour became darker, characterized by a decrease in lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), and an increase in redness (a*). Sensory evaluation identified treatment T8 cookies as the most preferred, with improved scores for colour, appearance, texture, and flavour.
Characterization and Classification of Soils of Jalna District of Marathwada Region by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Girdekar S.B. , Vaidya P.H. , Shinde G.U. , Patil N.M.
Published: December 2024

The present investigation entitled on “Characterization and Classification of Soils of Jalna District of Marathwada Region by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technique” was carried out characterize and classify the soil based on their morphological, physical, and chemical properties. Satellite data (LISS-III) and DEM were interpreted for terrain features. Ten representative pedons from different landform units were collected and analyzed. The Morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils were varied in relation to topographic positions. The soils were very shallow to very deep (19 to 150 cm), Black (10YR 2/1) to Pale brown (10YR6/3) and Dark reddish brown (5YR3/2) to reddish brown (5YR4/4) in colour, medium weak sub angular blocky to medium strong angular blocky in structure, slightly hard to very hard in dry, friable to firm in moist and in wet condition slightly sticky slightly plastic to very sticky very plastic in consistency. The bulk density of study area varied from 1.19 to 1.84 Mg m-3, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the study area varied from 0.21 to 8.47 cm hr-1, Particle size distribution of sand, silt and clay content of the study area varied from 0.61 to 52.10, 17.33 to 42.80 and 15.16 to 72.96 percent respectively, AWC ranged from 5.65 to 23.52 percent and plant available water capacity (PAWC) varied from 40.68 to 399.82 mm. The soils were slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline (7.44 to 8.74), very low to high (0.11 to 0.86) in organic carbon, slightly calcareous to strongly calcareous in CaCO3 (3.50 to 22.50), CEC varied from 23.62 to 68.71 cmol (P+) kg-1. The exchangeable cations were in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, whereas Base saturation varied from 82.11 to 105.08 %. The ESP varied from 2.81 to 12.44 percent. Taxonomically these soils were classified into Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols and at the subgroup level these soils were classified as Typic Ustorthents (P5, P7 and P10), Typic Haplustepts (P9), Calcic Haplustepts (P1 and P3), Typic Haplusterts (P4 and P6), Calcic Haplusterts (P2 and P8). This study highlights significant soil variability, providing essential data for effective soil and land use management.
Evaluation of Gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality Traits
Authors: Deepika  , Ryavalad Shivayogi Y. , Jawadagi Raveendra S , Patil Bapurayagouda Bagavantagouda , Gollagi Sanganabasav G , Hadimani Hanumanthappa Parappa
Published: December 2024

Genetic variability in a crop population is essential for successful plant breeding. The morphological characterization of gherkin studies has received relatively little attention. This investigation was conducted during the Rabi season, 2022, at the University of Horticulture Sciences, Bagalkot aims to study morphological variation among seven gherkin genotypes. Davangere Local was superior with in terms of vine length at 30, 60 and final harvest (0.66 m, 1.57 m, and 2.37 m, respectively), primary branches per vine (6.13), nodes per vine (24.00) and intermodal length (8.45 cm). It also excelled in the appearance of first female flower (15.10 days), days to first harvest (23.00 days), number of fruits per vine (125.29) and fruit yield per vine (0.61 kg). In terms of quality parameters, Chandini exhibited highest total soluble solids (5.50 °B). While Kadur Local showcased highest ascorbic acid (26.60 mg/100 g). Davangere Local shows the highest crude fiber content (19.56%). In conclusion, Davangere Local demonstrated overall superiority.
Degradation of Edible Woody Species Consumed during Periods of Food Shortage and Their Preferences among the Local Population in the Sudano-Sahelian Zones of Niger, West Africa Sahel
Authors: SOUMANA Douma , Soulé Moussa , Kolafane Aboubacar , Inoussa MM , SOUMANA Idrissa , MAHAMANE Ali , SAADOU Mahamane
Published: December 2024

In Niger, forest formations constitute a source and a potential reservoir of food products for the populations who use them especially during periods of low food availability. Very little research has been carried out on the woody food species of these formations which contribute enormously to the management of the food gap. This study aimed to fill this gap. It was carried out in two agro-ecological zones of Niger and has the overall objective of providing better knowledge on the ecology of the species as well as on the local perception of their conservation status in the southwest of Niger. The information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire supplemented by interviews with key informants and preferential classification exercises of the species used. The results show that in total, 37 species are cited as food providers during the periods of food shortage by the local populations, including 26 woody food species in the Sudanian zone, 17 in the Sahelian zone and 11 species common to both zones. The most consumed organs are leaves (39.2% and 43.5%) and fruits (28.8% and 25.5%), respectively in the Sudanian zone and the Sahelian zone. Some collect them from vegetation relics such as savannahs and agrosystems, while others obtain supplies from local markets. Among the species recorded, the most preferred in the Sudanian zone are Adansonia digitata, Vitellaria paradoxa, Tamarindus indica and Parkia biglobosa and those preferred in the Sahelian zone are Maerua crassifolia, Boscia senegalensis, and Balanites aegyptiaca. However, threats have been reported for Adansonia digitata, Vitellaria paradoxa, Maerua crassifolia, Boscia senegalensis and Balanites aegyptiaca and the factors involved are uncontrolled exploitation, droughts, browsing of young shoots. The results of this study constitute a database to assess the availability and the evolutionary trend in terms of threat of the species widely used in the locality.
Sensitivity Evaluation of Deep Learning-Based Models for Dental Caries Detection in Bitewing Radiographs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Silva-Filho José Evando da , Silva Bruna Bezerra da , Pascoal Samuel Chillavert Dias , Filgueira Adriano de Aguiar , Mendes Talita Arrais Daniel , Albuquerque Danielle Frota de
Published: December 2024

Aims: To analyse the sensitivity of deep learning models in detecting carious lesions in bitewing radiographs through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: The review was conducted using the Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, and the Virtual Health Library databases, covering articles published until March 2024.
Methodology: The research question was developed using the PICOT framework. Paired and independent searches with no filters applied were performed using the registered Medical Subject Headings "(machine learning) OR (deep learning) AND (dental caries) AND (radiography, bitewing)" and its related entry terms, covering articles relevant to the study's theme with no language or time restrictions. A total of 2,841 articles were initially identified, with 8 selected after title and abstract screening and removal of duplicates. After full-text review, 6 articles were included for analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and the data were analysed with Review Manager 5.4 and R software.
Results: All included studies were classified as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed that deep learning models demonstrated moderate sensitivity (0.77) in detecting carious lesions, with an overall performance AUC of 0.779. In comparison, dentists achieved higher performance with an AUC of 0.886. Significant heterogeneity was observed, largely due to variations in model architecture, training datasets, and possibly image preprocessing techniques. These factors impacted the models' diagnostic accuracy, emphasising the need for standardisation.
Conclusion: Deep learning models currently exhibit moderate sensitivity, and their variable performance underscores the importance of not relying on them in isolation for caries detection. Instead, they should serve only as supplementary diagnostic tools to assist clinicians. Further research is necessary to enhance model reliability, address heterogeneity, and establish standardised evaluation frameworks.
Effect of Biofertilizers at Different Fertility Levels on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus L.) under Himalayan Region
Authors: Prajapati Ved , Mankotia B.S. , Rana Bharat Bhushan , Sharma Akshit , Dogra Piyush , Sharma Suraj , Verma Abhay , Sharma Jagriti , Meena Dilkhush
Published: December 2024

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022-23 at CSKHPKV Shivalik Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (SAREC), Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to assess the effect of biofertilizers at varying fertility levels on soil properties and nutrient uptake by gobhi sarson. The experiment was conducted in split plot design having main plot treatments, comprised three fertility levels (control, 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 100% RDF) and six treatments of liquid biofertilizers viz. Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMO), potassium mobilizing biofertilizer (KMB), zinc solubilizing biofertilizer (ZSB), NPK consortia + ZSB and control (no biofertilizer) as sub-plots, replicated thrice. Results showed that application of 100% RDF recorded higher N, P, K and Zn content (3.90, 0.58, 0.65% and 34.31 ppm and 0.81, 0.19, 1.35% and 29.36 ppm in seed and straw, respectively) and thereby enhanced their uptake (73.1, 10.9, 12.2 kg ha-1 and 64.3 ppm in seed and 66.4, 16.3, 110.1 kg ha-1 and 240 ppm in straw, respectively). Among biofertilizers, seed inoculation with Azotobacter recorded higher nutrient content and uptake of NPK and Zn by seed and straw; the increase was being (45.29, 45.45, 57.97, 46.80 and 31.34, 37.96, 32.22, 34.66%, respectively) over control (no inoculation). Hence, Azotobacter and PSMO was found to be most efficient biofertilizers.
Sectarian Diversity to Shared Identity: Examining the Caste Formation of the Bairagi Community in Colonial India
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Vaishnavism as a form of devotion remained an important part of the social milieu across space and time in the Indian subcontinent. In medieval times many new forms of devotion were propounded by Ramanuja, Chaitanya, Madhvacharya, and others who worship different forms of Vishnu incarnation. This paper shows how different Vishnuites sects united and came under the single umbrella term “Bairagi”. Furthermore, the primary focus of this study lies in unravelling the intricate complexities associated with the formation of the Bairagi caste. How “multiple identity bearing community” developed caste consciousness from an open heterodox sect. So, the present article examines the socio-economic, and political conditions to trace the development of caste consciousness among Bairagis from precolonial to the colonial era. The conflict for power and resources in the late 18th century determined the identity of Bairagis in a more pervasive form. Specifically, the article aims to explore how the multifaceted organizational structure of the Bairagis’ sect which was initially formed to counter Shaivites, gradually transformed into the caste structure. The investigation seeks to shed light on the nuanced factors of how the sect identity dissipates, giving way to the emergence of the Bairagi caste. The research also raise the question of self-definition, or community consciousness, and its relation with the historical experiences of the Bairagis through oral history.
MiR‐3175 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by targeting Smad7 in human conjunctiva and pterygium
Authors: Zhong Xincao , Tang Jinlong , Li Hongyi , Shi Xin , Wu Yihua , Xia Dajing , Zhang Huina , Ye Juan , Wu Han
Published: November 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. However, the function of miRNAs is unclear in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pterygium, a disease characterized by abnormal fibrovascular proliferation and invasion on the ocular surface. Since MiR‐3175 is upregulated in pterygium tissues compared to normal conjunctival tissues, in this study, we investigated the role of MiR‐3175 in EMT of a cultured human conjunctival epithelium cell line (CCL) and further validated the findings in pterygium tissues from patients. Our study demonstrates that MiR‐3175 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CCL cells by directly inhibiting Smad7. In conclusion, our data suggested that the MiR‐3175‐Smad7 axis may play a critical role in pathogenesis and development of pterygium.
Creep and Superplasticity: Evolution and Rationalization
Authors: Mohamed Farghalli A.
Published: November 2019

Detailed studies on the creep behavior of materials are of scientific and practical significance. From a scientific point of view, data obtained from such studies are critical to the characterization of creep behavior in terms of deformation mechanisms. From a practical point of view, information inferred from such studies is useful because of its relevance to many design considerations. Over the past several decades, much progress has been made in rationalizing the creep behavior of metals and solid‐solution alloys. Such progress is extended to understanding the creep behavior of new classes of materials such as powder metallurgy (PM) Al alloys, discontinuous SiC composites, superplastic alloys, and high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). Progress in micrograin superplasticity (1 μm < d < 10 μm, where d is the grain size) has been applied to the emergence of high strain rate (HSR) superplasticity using ultrafine‐grained alloys (0.3 μm < d < 1 μm). The concept of creep is utilized to develop a deformation mechanism for nanocrystalline (nc) materials (d < 100 nm). Using the details of this mechanism, it is possible (1) to explain why the behavior of nc material is not superplastic and 2) to predict a transition from superplastic behavior to nc behavior.