bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum L. in relation to nitrate/ammonium nitrogen ratio
Authors: Petropoulos Spyridon A , Fernandes Ângela , Calhelha Ricardo C , Di Gioia Francesco , Kolovou Panagiota , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel C F R
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Nitrogenous fertilizers may affect the yield and quality of leafy vegetables via the application rate and nitrogen form. In the present study, the effect of the nitrate:ammonium nitrogen ratio in the nutrient solution on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum leaves was evaluated. For this purpose, C. spinosum plants were fertigated with nutrient solution containing different ratios of nitrate: ammonium nitrogen: (i) 100:0 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (ii) 75:25 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (iii) 50:50 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; (iv) 25:75 NO3‐N:NH4‐N; and (v) 0:100 NO3‐N:NH4‐N of total nitrogen; as well as (vi) 100% ureic nitrogen.

RESULTS

The only detected tocopherol isoforms were α‐ and δ‐tocopherol, which were positively affected by nitrate nitrogen (100:0 NO3‐N:NH4‐N). Similar results were observed for individual and total organic acids. The main detected sugars were fructose, glucose and sucrose, with a varied effect of nutrient solution composition on their content, whereas total sugar concentration was positively affected by a balanced or a slightly increased proportion of NH4‐N (50:50 and 25:75 NO3‐N:NH4‐N). The fatty acids profile was beneficially affected by the highest NH4‐N ratio (0:100 NO3‐N:NH4‐N), whereas higher amounts of NO3− than NH4+ nitrogen (75:25 NO3‐N:NH4‐N) resulted in a higher content of total phenolic compounds. Finally, no cytotoxic effects were observed against non‐tumor (PLP2, HeLa) and tumor (HepG2, MCF‐7, NCI‐H460) cell lines for any of the studied nutrient solutions.

CONCLUSION

The modulation of NO3‐N:NH4‐N ratio in the nutrient solution supplied to C. spinosum may enhance the content of desirable health‐promoting compounds and reduce the content of antinutrients, thus increasing the overall quality of the final product without compromising yield. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
ADCY5–Related Dyskinesia: Improving Clinical Detection of an Evolving Disorder
Authors: Vijiaratnam Nirosen , Bhatia Kailash P. , Lang Anthony E. , Raskind Wendy H. , Espay Alberto J.
Published: July 2019

Background

The phenotypic spectrum of adenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)‐related disease has expanded considerably since the first description of the disorder in 1978 as familial essential chorea in a multiplex family.

Objective

To examine recent advances in the understanding of ADCY5‐related dyskinesia and outline a diagnostic approach to enhance clinical detection.

Methods

A pragmatic review of the ADCY5 literature was undertaken to examine unique genetic and pathophysiological features as well as distinguishing clinical features.

Results

With over 70 cases reported to date, the phenotype is recognized to be broad, although distinctive features include prominent facial dyskinesia, motor exacerbations during drowsiness or sleep arousal, episodic painful dystonic posturing increased with stress or illness, and axial hypotonia with delayed developmental milestones. Uncommon phenotypes include childhood‐onset chorea, myoclonus‐dystonia, isolated nongeneralized dystonia, and alternating hemiplegia.

Conclusion

The ongoing expansion in clinical features suggests that ADCY5 remains underdiagnosed and may account for a proportion of “idiopathic” hyperkinetic movement disorders. Enhanced understanding of its clinical features may help clinicians improve the detection of complex or uncommon cases.
Beneficial Effects of External Cueing on Freezing of Gait in a Subject With Polymerase‐γ Gene Mutations
Authors: Nonnekes Jorik , Nijkrake Maarten J. , van Duijnhoven Hanneke J.R. , Bloem Bastiaan R.
Published: July 2019

View Supplementary Video 1

View Supplementary Video 2

View Supplementary Video 3
Comparison of penh, fluka, and Geant4/topas for absorbed dose calculations in air cavities representing ionization chambers in high‐energy photon and proton beams
Authors: Baumann Kilian‐Simon , Horst Felix , Zink Klemens , Gomà Carles
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to analyze whether the Monte Carlo codes penh, fluka, and geant4/topas are suitable to calculate absorbed doses and ratios in therapeutic high‐energy photon and proton beams.

Methods

We used penh, fluka, geant4/topas, and egsnrc to calculate the absorbed dose to water in a reference water cavity and the absorbed dose to air in two air cavities representative of a plane‐parallel and a cylindrical ionization chamber in a 1.25 MeV photon beam and a 150 MeV proton beam — egsnrc was only used for the photon beam calculations. The physics and transport settings in each code were adjusted to simulate the particle transport as detailed as reasonably possible. From these absorbed doses, factors, factors, and ratios (which are the basis of Monte Carlo calculated beam quality correction factors ) were calculated and compared between the codes. Additionally, we calculated the spectra of primary particles and secondary electrons in the reference water cavity, as well as the integrated depth–dose curve of 150 MeV protons in water.

Results

The absorbed doses agreed within 1.4% or better between the individual codes for both the photon and proton simulations. The and factors agreed within 0.5% or better for the individual codes for both beam qualities. The resulting ratios for 150 MeV protons agreed within 0.7% or better. For the 1.25 MeV photon beam, the spectra of photons and secondary electrons agreed almost perfectly. For the 150 MeV proton simulation, we observed differences in the spectra of secondary protons whereas the spectra of primary protons and low‐energy delta electrons also agreed almost perfectly. The first 2 mm of the entrance channel of the 150 MeV proton Bragg curve agreed almost perfectly while for greater depths, the differences in the integrated dose were up to 1.5%.

Conclusion

penh, fluka, and geant4/topas are capable of calculating beam quality correction factors in proton beams. The differences in the and factors between the codes are 0.5% at maximum. The differences in the ratios are 0.7% at maximum.
How to measure long‐range proton‐carbon coupling constants from 1H‐selective HSQMBC experiments
Authors: Saurí Josep , Nolis Pau , Parella Teodor
Published: July 2019

Heteronuclear long‐range scalar coupling constants (nJCH) are a valuable tool for solving problems in organic chemistry and are especially suited for stereochemical and configurational analyses of small molecules and natural products. This tutorial will focus on the step‐by‐step implementation of several 2D 1H frequency selective HSQMBC experiments for the easy and accurate measurement of either the magnitude or both the magnitude and the sign of long‐range nJCH couplings. The performance of these experiments will be showcased with several scenarios in a range of different experimental conditions.
Electrolyte beverage consumption alters electrically induced cramping threshold
Authors: Earp Jacob E. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Stranieri Andrew , Agostinucci James , Lepley Adam S. , Matson Taylor , Ward‐Ritacco Christie L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Recent investigations have questioned the role of hydration and electrolytes in cramp susceptibility and thus the efficacy of consuming electrolyte‐rich carbohydrate beverages (EB) to control/prevent cramping.

Methods

Nine euhydrated, cramp‐prone participants had their cramp susceptibility assessed by measuring the nerve stimulation threshold frequency at which cramping occurs (TF) before and after consumption of an EB (kCal: 120, Na: 840 mg, K: 320 mg, Mg: 5 mg) and placebo beverage (PB: kCal: 5, Na: 35 mg). Cramp intensity was assessed using a verbal pain scale and poststimulation electromyography (EMG).

Results

TF was greater in EB (14.86 ± 7.47 Hz) than PB (14.00 ± 5.03 Hz; P = .038) and reported pain was lower in EB (2.0 ± 0.6) than PB (2.7 ± 0.8; P = .025) while EMG was similar (P = .646).

Discussion

EB consumption decreased cramp susceptibility and pain but did not prevent cramping in any participants. These results suggest that electrolyte consumption independent of hydration can influence cramp susceptibility in young people.
Optimal allocation of minimal repairs in parallel and series systems
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Zhao Peng
Published: July 2019

In reliability engineering, the concept of minimal repair describes that the repair brings the failed unit (eg, system or component) to the situation which is same as it was just before the failure. With the help of the well‐known Gamma‐Poisson relationship, this paper investigates optimal allocation strategies of minimal repairs for parallel and series systems through implementing stochastic comparisons of various allocation policies in terms of the hazard rate, the reversed hazard rate, and the likelihood ratio orderings. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate these findings as well. These results not only strengthen and generalize some known ones in the seminal work of Shaked and Shanthikumar, but also solve the open problems proposed by Chahkandi et al.'s study and Arriaza et al.'s study.
New approach to the Lax‐Wendroff modified differential equation for linear and nonlinear advection
Authors: Winnicki Ireneusz , Jasinski Janusz , Pietrek Slawomir
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an enhanced analysis of the Lax‐Wendroff difference scheme—up to the eighth‐order with respect to time and space derivatives—of the modified‐partial differential equation (MDE) of the constant‐wind‐speed advection equation. The modified equation has been so far derived mainly as a fourth‐order equation. The Π‐form of the first differential approximation (differential approximation or equivalent equation) derived by expressing the time derivatives in terms of the space derivatives is used for presenting the MDE. The obtained coefficients at higher order derivatives are analyzed for indications of the character of the dissipative and dispersive errors. The authors included a part of the stencil applied for determining the modified differential equation up to the eighth‐order of the analyzed modified differential equation for the second‐order Lax‐Wendroff scheme. Neither the derived coefficients at the space derivatives of order p ∈ (7 – 8) in the modified differential equation for the Lax‐Wendroff difference scheme nor the results of analyses on the basis of these coefficients of the group velocity, phase shift errors, or dispersive and dissipative features of the scheme have been published. The MDEs for 2 two‐step variants of the Lax‐Wendroff type difference schemes and the MacCormack predictor–corrector scheme (see MacCormack's study) constructed for the scalar hyperbolic conservation laws are also presented in this paper. The analysis of the inviscid Burgers equation solution with the initial condition in a form of a shock wave has been discussed on their basis. The inviscid Burgers equation with the source is also presented. The theory of MDE started to develop after the paper of C. W. Hirt was published in 1968.
Fetal pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: Features, associations, and outcome in fetuses with different pulmonary circulation supply types
Authors: Zhou Jia , Zhou Qichang , Peng Qinghai , Zhang Rongsheng , Tang Wenjuan , Zeng Shi
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To assess features and outcome in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA‐VSD).

Methods

Fetuses with PA‐VSD were prospectively enrolled and grouped on the basis of the pulmonary blood supply, including type A (only arterial duct [DA]), type B (both DA and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [MAPCAs] present), and type C (MAPCAs only). The echocardiography features, associated chromosomal/genetic malformations, and postnatal outcome were compared among the three groups.

Results

Fifty‐five fetuses with PA‐VSD were enrolled. The presence of confluent PAs varied, with the highest displaying rate in type A and lowest rate in type C (100% vs 41.1%). The intrapericardial pulmonary arteries in all groups were hypoplastic but smaller in types B and C than in type A (P < .05). Deletion of 22q11.2 and right aortic arch were more frequently observed in types B and C than in type A. At the end of the study, overall survival rates in type C were lower than those in type A (22.1% vs 77.3%).

Conclusion

There are great differences in the size of pulmonary arteries, associated genetic malformations, and perinatal outcomes among fetuses with PA‐VSD. These results could be used for family counseling and surgical planning.
Transposition of the great arteries: Fetal pulmonary valve growth and postoperative neo‐aortic root dilatation
Authors: van der Palen Roel L.F. , van der Zee Carlijn , Vink Arja S. , Knobbe Ingmar , Jurgens Sean J. , van Leeuwen Elizabeth , Bax Caroline J. , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J. , Blom Nico A. , Haak Monique C. , Bilardo Caterina M. , Clur Sally‐Ann B.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Documentation of semilunar valve growth in fetal transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and the relationship between neo‐aortic root (NAoR) dilatation, a cause for postoperative reinterventions after the arterial switch operation (ASO), and pulmonary valve (PV) annulus dimensions prenatally.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter observational study included TGA fetuses suitable for ASO. Semilunar valve annuli pre‐ASO and NAoR diameters (post‐ASO) were measured. Trends in annulus diameters were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effects model and compared with normal values. Prenatal semilunar valve Z‐scores were correlated with NAoR diameters post‐ASO.

Results

We included 137 TGA fetuses (35.8% with significant ventricular septal defects [VSDs]). One hundred twenty‐one underwent ASO. Fetal TGA‐PV diameters were significantly larger than control aortic valve (AoV) and PV annuli from 23 and 27 weeks, respectively, especially when a VSD was present. Fetal TGA‐AoV annuli were significantly larger than control AoV and PV annuli from 26 and 30 weeks, respectively.

Z‐scores of fetal TGA‐PV and NAoR diameter at last follow‐up correlated significantly (P < .001 at 26‐30 wk).

Conclusion

Fetal TGA semilunar valve annuli are larger than control annuli, especially when there is a significant VSD. Factors besides postoperative hemodynamics, including fetal anatomy, PV Z‐score, prenatal flow, connective tissue properties, and genetics, may influence the risk for late reintervention in these fetuses.
Prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in open spinal dysraphism following intrauterine repair via open versus fetoscopic surgical techniques
Authors: Nagaraj Usha D. , Bierbrauer Karin S. , Stevenson Charles B. , Peiro Jose L. , Lim Foong Yen , Habli Mounira A. , Kline‐Fath Beth M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to examine MRI findings of the brain and spine on prenatal and postnatal MRI following intrauterine repair of open spinal dysraphism (OSD) by open hysterotomy and fetoscopic approaches.

Materials and methods

This study is a single‐center HIPAA‐compliant and IRB‐approved retrospective analysis of fetal MRIs with open spinal dysraphism from January 2011 through December 2018 that underwent subsequent prenatal repair of OSD.

Results

Sixty‐two patients met inclusion criteria: 47 underwent open repair, and 15 underwent fetoscopic repair, with an average gestational age of 22.6 ± 1.4 weeks at initial MRI. On postnatal MRI, spinal cord syrinx was seen in 34% (16/47) of patients undergoing open versus 33.3% (5/15) undergoing fetoscopic repair (P = 0.96). Postnatally, there was no significant difference in hindbrain herniation between the open versus fetoscopic repair groups (P = 0.28). Lateral ventricular size was significantly larger in the open (20.9 ± 6.7 mm) versus the fetoscopic repair (16.1 ± 4.9 mm) group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Though lateral ventricular size in the open repair group was larger than the fetoscopic repair group, this can likely be explained by initial selection criteria used for fetoscopic repair. Other postoperative imaging parameters on postnatal MRI were not significantly different between the two groups.
Comparing the rheological and reinforcing effects of graphene oxide on glassy and semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Charitos Ilias , Mouzakis Dionysios , Kontou Evagelia
Published: July 2019

In this work, a comparative study was performed on nanocomposites, based on three different polymeric matrices, namely polylactic‐acid (PLA), polystyrene (PS), and linear low‐density polyethyelene (mLLDPE), produced by metallocene catalyst. The reinforcing agent was graphene oxide (GO) at one percentage content (1 wt%) and the nanocomposites were prepared by the melt‐mixing procedure, whereas the matrix type employed was found to be decisive in the thermomechanical properties improvement. The thermomechanical performance of these material systems was studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, and creep and stress relaxation. The mechanical and rheological performance was comparatively studied, and an attempt was made to relate the macroscopic response with the nanocomposites micromorphology. Furthermore, the tensile response was analyzed by a viscoplastic model, introduced earlier, and the model parameters involved provide additional evidence about the nanocomposites micromorphology. The findings of the comparative study are encouraging, regarding the potential of PLA and mLLDPE as matrices for graphene‐based nanocomposites at higher GO loadings. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1933–1947, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structural and functional study of FK domain of Fstl1
Authors: Li Xinxin , Li Lian , Chang Yue , Ning Wen , Liu Xinqi
Published: July 2019

Fstl1 is a TGF‐β superfamily binding protein which involved in many pathological processes. The function of Fstl1 has been widely elucidated, but its structural characterization has not been explored. Here we solved the high‐resolution crystal structure of FK domain of murine Fstl1, analyzed its unique characteristics, and investigated its contribution to the function of full‐length Fstl1. We found that Fstl1‐FK forms a stable dimer in both solution and crystal, which suggest that this protein may function as a dimer during its interaction with TGF‐β, a molecule known to form dimer during activation process. We also found this FK domain is indispensable for the proper function of Fstl1 during the transduction of TGF‐β signaling. These observations provide important insights into the understanding of Fstl1 and may facilitate the exploration of this molecule in clinical study.
NMR‐assisted protein structure prediction with MELDxMD
Authors: Robertson James C. , Nassar Roy , Liu Cong , Brini Emiliano , Dill Ken A. , Perez Alberto
Published: July 2019

We describe the performance of MELD‐accelerated molecular dynamics (MELDxMD) in determining protein structures in the NMR‐data‐assisted category in CASP13. Seeded from web server predictions, MELDxMD was found best in the NMR category, over 17 targets, outperforming the next‐best groups by a factor of ~4 in z‐score. MELDxMD gives ensembles, not single structures; succeeds on a 326‐mer, near the current upper limit for NMR structures; and predicts structures that match experimental residual dipolar couplings even though the only NMR‐derived data used in the simulations was NOE‐based ambiguous atom–atom contacts and backbone dihedrals. MELD can use noisy and ambiguous experimental information to reduce the MD search space. We believe MELDxMD is a promising method for determining protein structures from NMR data.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Silicon Wire‐Like and Porous Nanolayers in the Process of Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching of Single‐Crystal Silicon
Authors: Zharova Yuliya , Ermina Anna , Pavlov Sergey , Koshtyal Yury , Tolmachev Vladimir
Published: July 2019

The preparation of single‐crystal silicon (c‐Si) nanowires and porous nanolayers using the two‐stage metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) process is studied. The structures are characterized in all stages of the process by spectroscopic ellipsometry and using the following two approaches: 1) with the complex pseudo‐dielectric function ε determined and analyzed and 2) with parameters of simulated multilayer structures determined in the effective medium approximation. With the structural parameters found from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images taken into consideration, spectra of ψ and Δ are calculated and fitted to the experimental spectra to obtain the best convergence. The thicknesses and the fractions of the components (Si:Air) in the porous Si layers and Si nanowires fabricated in the study are determined. The two‐step MACE method, compared with the single‐step process, is more promising because of the ability to control the morphology of Si nanowires using a preset morphology of Ag nanoparticles (catalyst mask). The spectroscopic ellipsometry and SEM are nondestructive and informative methods of study that can be used to obtain samples with required parameters.
Generation of White Light by Hybridization of Red–Green–Blue–Luminescent Materials
Authors: Yoon Jong-Hwan
Published: July 2019

Herein, the fabrication of a white luminescent material with photoluminescence (PL) in the region ranging from 350 to 900 nm is reported. Formation of the luminescent material is achieved simply by the high‐temperature (1100 °C) annealing of silicon‐rich oxide nanowires containing a ZnO phase, which are grown by exposing a Zn film to Si and O plasma generated using a mixture of N2O and SiH4 gases at a low temperature (380 °C). The PL spectral response is easily tuned by varying the mixing ratio of the two gases or the Zn film thickness. The generation of white luminescence can be attributed to the hybridization of Si nanocrystals (red), silicon oxide (green), and ZnO (blue)‐based materials.
Effect of Cu Content on Post‐Sulfurization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Films and Corresponding Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Keller Jan , Bilousov Oleksandr V. , Wallin Erik , Lundberg Olle , Neerken Janet , Heise Stephan , Riekehr Lars , Edoff Marika , Platzer-Björkman Charlotte
Published: July 2019

Herein, the effect of the initial copper content of co‐evaporated Cu(In1−x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) absorber films on the impact of a post‐annealing step in elemental sulfur atmosphere is studied. The Cu concentration is varied over a wide range ([Cu]/[III] = CGI = 0.57–1.23), allowing to identify composition‐dependent trends in phase formation, chemical rearrangements, and solar cell performance after sulfurization. For all samples, a ternary CuInS2 layer forms at the surface. In addition, sulfur 1) is incorporated in randomly distributed CuIn(S,Se)2 mixed crystals underneath CuInS2; 2) diffuses into multidimensional defects (e.g., dislocations and grain boundaries); and 3) is bound in Na–In–S surface plates. It is found that Cu‐poor absorber composition (CGI ≤ 0.82) favors CuInS2 growth as compared with close‐stoichiometric CIGS films, driven by a faster diffusion of Cu toward the surface. For Cu‐rich absorbers (CGI > 1), Se—S exchange is significantly accelerated, presumably by the presence of Cu2−xSe phases reacting to Cu2−xS and eventually catalyzing CuInS2 formation. Finally, open‐circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) of corresponding solar cells increase after sulfurization with increasing CGI until stoichiometry is reached. The result is explained by a mitigated Cu depletion of the absorber bulk after sulfurization for close‐stoichiometric CIGS.
Organic‐Inorganic Halide Perovskites: From Crystallization of Polycrystalline Films to Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Gao Lili , Yang Guanjun
Published: July 2019

In recent years, tremendous research interest has been devoted to organic–inorganic halide perovskites because of their excellent optical and electrical properties, which make them intriguing photovoltaic materials. The recorded efficiency of Pb‐based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has gone beyond 24%, thus fulfilling their potential for industrialization. The photovoltaic performance of PSCs is predominantly determined by the quality of the perovskite film, which in turn, is controlled by the fabrication process. Therefore, a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of fundamental polycrystalline perovskite film formation is imperative for further development of PSC manufacturing. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of PSCs and mainly reviews the fundamental knowledge of nucleation and growth during perovskite crystallization from solution processing methods and promising small area and large‐scale solution manufacturing methods combined with their properties and relevant PSC performance. A brief overview of stabilization strategies and cost discussion is then presented. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of PSC development for upcoming photovoltaic technology for industrial application are discussed.
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia vs molar pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Jeffrey Philippa
Published: July 2019

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare yet serious placental vascular abnormality featuring placental hypertrophy and grape‐like fluid‐filled spaces that can easily be misdiagnosed for other conditions, particularly molar pregnancy. It can be difficult to differentiate these entities with ultrasound alone; however, it is very important for sonographers to understand the difference between PMD and molar pregnancy, as each has a very different prognosis. This case report describes an enlarged placenta containing fluid‐filled spaces, a structurally and chromosomally normal fetus, PMD, and its differential diagnoses.
Long‐term biosolids planning with an operational mega reservoir for combined sewer overflow‐impacted stormwater capture
Authors: Brose Dominic A. , O’Brien Peter , Moran‐Andrews Judy , Grabowy Jonathan S. , Kunetz Thomas E. , Podczerwinski Edward W.
Published: July 2019

The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago adopted the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) to reduce combined sewer overflow (CSO) events in the Chicago region. The Thornton Composite Reservoir (TCR) became operational in 2015 providing an additional 30 million m3 of CSO‐impacted stormwater capacity. In the United States, no other mega reservoirs are in operation to provide as a reference to study the long‐term impacts of biosolids operations in water resource recovery facilities. The mean daily volume pumped from the Calumet TARP system to the Calumet Plant increased 144–238 m3 from 2012–2014 to 273–360 m3 from 2016–2018. Overall annual digester feed solids for the 2016–2018 post‐TCR period were 28,182 Mg, which was 11 percent less than the mean for the 2012–2014 period of 31,745 Mg. Annual digester draw solids for the 2016–2018 post‐TCR period were 19,422 Mg, which were 4 percent less than the 2012–2014 pre‐TCR period mean of 20,190 Mg. This paper demonstrated a decrease in digester feed loading to the Calumet Plant and, ultimately, a decrease in digester draw solids with an overall increase in plant and TARP flow in the years following operation of the TCR for the capture and treatment of CSO‐impacted stormwater.

Practitioner points

Reservoirs capturing combined sewer overflow‐impacted stormwater improve water quality of local waterways.

Mega reservoirs may impact solids loading to water resource recovery facilities.

Hydraulic loading to water resource recovery facilities may be substantial with mega reservoirs.
Towards a bit threads derivation of holographic entanglement of purification
Authors: Bao Ning , Chatwin-Davies Aidan , Pollack Jason , Remmen Grant N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We apply the bit thread formulation of holographic entanglement entropy to reduced states describing only the geometry contained within an entanglement wedge. We argue that a certain optimized bit thread configuration, which we construct, gives a purification of the reduced state to a full holographic state obeying a precise set of conditional mutual information relations. When this purification exists, we establish, under certain assumptions, the conjectured E

P
= E

W
relation equating the entanglement of purification with the area of the minimal cross section partitioning the bulk entanglement wedge. Along the way, we comment on minimal purifications of holographic states, geometric purifications, and black hole geometries.
Density response of holographic metallic IR fixed points with translational pseudo-spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Romero-Bermúdez Aurelio
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The density response of charged liquids contains a collective excitation known as the plasmon. In holographic systems with translational invariance the origin of this collective excitation is traced back to the presence of zero-sound. Using a holographic model in which translational symmetry is broken pseudo-spontaneously, we show the density response is not dominated by a single isolated mode at low momentum and temperature. As a consequence, the density response contains a broad asymmetric peak with an attenuation which does not increase monotonically with momentum and temperature.
Detectable dimension-6 proton decay in SUSY SO(10) GUT at Hyper-Kamiokande
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Mimura Yukihiro , Yamada Toshifumi
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In the minimal SUSY SU(5) GUT with O(1) TeV SUSY particles and O(1) or below self-coupling for the GUT-breaking Higgs field, the width of the dimension-6 proton decay is suppressed below the reach of Hyper-Kamiokande. In this paper, we point out that a SUSY SO(10) GUT which adopts only

$$ \mathbf{4}{\mathbf{5}}_{\mathrm{H}}+\mathbf{1}{\mathbf{6}}_{\mathrm{H}}+{\overline{\mathbf{16}}}_{\mathrm{H}} $$

4

5
H

+
1

6
H

+

16
¯

H

GUT-breaking Higgs fields leads to an enhanced dimension-6 proton decay width detectable at Hyper-Kamiokande. The enhancement is because the SU(5)-breaking VEV of 45
H arises due to Planck-suppressed terms, W ∝ (45
H
2
)2/M
∗ + 45
H
4
/M
∗, and is therefore substantially larger than the other VEVs that conserve SU(5). As a result, the (3
,
2
, 1/6) GUT gauge boson mass is about 1/5 smaller than the (3
,
2
, −5/6) GUT gauge boson mass and can induce a fast dimension-6 proton decay. Through a numerical analysis on threshold corrections of the GUT gauge bosons and the physical components of the GUT-breaking Higgs fields, we confirm that the dimension-6 proton decay can be within the reach of Hyper-Kamiokande.
Generalised CP symmetry in modular-invariant models of flavour
Authors: Novichkov P.P. , Penedo J.T. , Petcov S.T. , Titov A.V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The formalism of combined finite modular and generalised CP (gCP) sym-metries for theories of flavour is developed. The corresponding consistency conditions for the two symmetry transformations acting on the modulus τ and on the matter fields are derived. The implications of gCP symmetry in theories of flavour based on modular invariance described by finite modular groups are illustrated with the example of a modular S
4 model of lepton flavour. Due to the addition of the gCP symmetry, viable modular models turn out to be more constrained, with the modulus τ being the only source of CP violation.
Selective attentional bias to food-related stimuli in healthy individuals with characteristics towards orthorexia nervosa
Authors: Albery Ian P. , Michalska Monika , Moss Antony C. , Spada Marcantonio
Published: July 2019

Purpose

It has been argued that orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a unique type of disordered eating of food considered by the individual to be healthy. Given that in other eating disorder populations attentional preference for food-related cues influences eating behaviours, is it also likely that these biases may be a characteristic of ON tendency.

Methods

Eighty healthy individuals completed the ORTO-15 questionnaire (ON tendency), a modified Stroop task containing words related to healthy and unhealthy foods and perceived hunger levels pre- and post-testing. The ORTO-15 was used to identify participants within this sample who demonstrated more or less of the characteristics of ON.

Results

Results suggest that the presence of attentional bias to healthy, but not for unhealthy food-related stimuli independently predict increased ON tendency. Increased attentional bias towards healthy food-related stimuli is associated with increased scores on the ORTO-15.

Conclusion

Attentional bias, as a deficit in information processing, towards healthy food-related stimuli accounts for variability in ON characteristics.

Level of evidence

Level I, experimental study.
Comparative alternation iny-adjectives: insights from self-paced reading
Authors: CHUA DEBORAH
Published: July 2019

abstract

Y-adjectives are English adjectives that end in an orthographic  and a /i/ sound, for examplelazy. Deriving its hypotheses from previous corpus findings and construction-based principles to language study, the experiment here reported validates the benefit a comparative alternation account ofy-adjectives will accrue from a consideration ofmoreand -erconstructions across disyllabic adjectives that are noty-ones (called the HANDSOME adjectives). Reading times related to the comparative constructions of morphologically complex and simpley-adjectives were collected before and after native speaker exposure to one of three treatments – a dialogue comprising multiple HANDSOMEmoreconstructions, a dialogue comprising multiple HANDSOME-erconstructions, or a control condition. Processing ofy-adjectivemoreconstructions was found eased with exposure to HANDSOMEmoreconstructions. This exposure moreover overrode an anticipated processing ease for simpley-adjective -erconstructions, while an exposure to HANDSOME -erconstructions overrode an anticipated processing ease for complexy-adjectivemoreconstructions. The findings support the value of a constructional approach to understandingy-adjective comparatives.
Bringing Climate Projections Down to Size for Water Managers
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: July 2019

Hydrologists are creating watershed-scale projections for water resources managers and tools that managers can use to plan for the effects of climate change.
Fossil Fuels Less Efficient Than Earlier Estimates
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: July 2019

According to a new analysis, fossil fuel energy return on investment is on par with renewables.
Majority of YouTube Climate Videos Promote Nonconsensus Views
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: July 2019

Search terms related to geoengineering solutions were almost exclusively about chemtrail conspiracy theories.
Senate Dems Seek Guidance on Climate Messaging from Republicans
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2019

The Senate Democrats’ Special Committee on the Climate Crisis gets advice on how to better communicate about climate change with conservatives.
Pinpointing Deep Geothermal Upflow in Zones of Complex Tectono‐Volcanic Degassing: New Insights from Aluto Volcano, Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Jolie E. , Hutchison W. , Driba D.L. , Jentsch A. , Gizaw B.
Published: July 2019

Active rifts release large amounts of gases from deep sources to the atmosphere by advection and diffusion processes along permeable fracture zones. The objective of this study is to develop geothermal exploration concepts for areas with little or no hydrothermal surface expressions suitable for fluid sampling and analyses (e.g., hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles). In such areas, soil gas surveys can complement established geophysical and geochemical exploration. We report CO2, 222Rn (radon), and 220Rn (thoron) emission data and ground temperatures from the Aluto volcanic complex in the Main Ethiopian Rift to improve understanding of tectonic and volcanic controls on the existing geothermal system. This suite of gas emission measurements allows us to identify major, deep‐rooted permeable structures with active fluid circulation and identify suitable drilling targets for geothermal production wells on Aluto. We show that significant differences in gas signatures (i.e., efflux and spatial pattern) can be used to identify predominantly volcanically and/or tectonically influenced compartments. Major gas emissions indicate significant fluid circulation at depth, which is typical for magmatic systems. Such high gas emissions have been observed in areas affected by major tectonic structures interacting with magmatic bodies at depth (tectono‐volcanic). Predominantly fault‐controlled sectors also show hydrothermal fluid circulation, but to a lower extent compared to tectono‐volcanic sectors. Within the Aluto volcanic complex, geothermal production wells mainly target such fault‐controlled domains, whereas results of the study indicate strongest fluid circulation in tectono‐volcanic sectors. This result should be considered for the future exploration and development strategy of the site.
Sediments of Matsushima Bay, Northeastern Japan: Insights Gained From 5 Years of Sedimentological Analysis Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake‐Tsunami
Authors: Ota Yuki , Suzuki Atsushi , Yamaoka Kyoko , Nagao Masayuki , Tanaka Yuichiro , Irizuki Toshiaki , Fujiwara Osamu , Yoshioka Kaoru , Kawagata Shungo , Kawano Shigenori , Nishimura Osamu
Published: July 2019

Matsushima Bay was less affected by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami than other Pacific coastal areas of northeast Japan because of the sheltering effects of islands in the bay mouth. To understand the recovery from the 2011 tsunami of benthic environments in Matsushima Bay, we conducted surveys of the geochemical properties of surface sediments over 5 years following the earthquake and compared them to sedimentary data before the earthquake. Before the tsunami, the mud fraction (<63‐μm size) proportion of the surface sediments varied over a wide range, whereas after the tsunami, the mud content range was relatively narrow. During 2012–2015, the mud content was linearly correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) content, but the slope of the relationship differed from that before the tsunami. The tightly coupled mud‐TOC relationship and the almost constant C/N ratios in the surface sediments suggest that the bay sediments were resuspended and transported by the tsunami. In addition, loss of some organic matter sources in the bay may partly account for the uniform C/N ratios. By 2016, the slope of the mud‐TOC relationship was almost the same as the pretsunami value, but the C/N ratios remained constant. These results suggest that ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the bay had not yet fully recovered their pretsunami state. Trace element compositions of core samples indicated that sediment sources were little changed by the tsunami, probably because islands in the mouth of the bay reduced sediment transport into the bay from distant sources.
Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal Mass Ejection‐Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Driver Dependence
Authors: Kilpua E. K. J. , Fontaine D. , Moissard C. , Ala‐Lahti M. , Palmerio E. , Yordanova E. , Good S. W. , Kalliokoski M. M. H. , Lumme E. , Osmane A. , Palmroth M. , Turc L.
Published: July 2019

We present a statistical study of interplanetary conditions and geospace response to 89 coronal mass ejection‐driven sheaths observed during Solar Cycles 23 and 24. We investigate in particular the dependencies on the driver properties and variations across the sheath. We find that the ejecta speed principally controls the sheath geoeffectiveness and shows the highest correlations with sheath parameters, in particular in the region closest to the shock. Sheaths of fast ejecta have on average high solar wind speeds, magnetic (B) field magnitudes, and fluctuations, and they generate efficiently strong out‐of‐ecliptic fields. Slow‐ejecta sheaths are considerably slower and have weaker fields and field fluctuations, and therefore they cause primarily moderate geospace activity. Sheaths of weak and strong B field ejecta have distinct properties, but differences in their geoeffectiveness are less drastic. Sheaths of fast and strong ejecta push the subsolar magnetopause significantly earthward, often even beyond geostationary orbit. Slow‐ejecta sheaths also compress the magnetopause significantly due to their large densities that are likely a result of their relatively long propagation times and source near the streamer belt. We find the regions near the shock and ejecta leading edge to be the most geoeffective parts of the sheath. These regions are also associated with the largest B field magnitudes, out‐of‐ecliptic fields, and field fluctuations as well as largest speeds and densities. The variations, however, depend on driver properties. Forecasting sheath properties is challenging due to their variable nature, but the dependence on ejecta properties determined in this work could help to estimate sheath geoeffectiveness through remote‐sensing coronal mass ejection observations.
Gap Filling of High‐Resolution Soil Moisture for SMAP/Sentinel‐1: A Two‐Layer Machine Learning‐Based Framework
Authors: Mao Hanzi , Kathuria Dhruva , Duffield Nick , Mohanty Binayak P.
Published: July 2019

As the most recent 3‐km soil moisture product from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, the SMAP/Sentinel‐1 L2_SM_SP product has a unique capability to provide global‐scale 3‐km soil moisture estimates through the fusion of radar and radiometer microwave observations. The spatial and temporal availability of this high‐resolution soil moisture product depends on concurrent radar and radiometer observations which is significantly restricted by the narrow swath and low revisit schedule of the Sentinel‐1 radars. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel two‐layer machine learning‐based framework which predicts the brightness temperature and subsequently the soil moisture at gap areas. The proposed method is able to gap‐fill soil moisture satisfactorily at areas where the radiometer observations are available while the radar observations are missing. We find that incorporating historical radar backscatter measurements (30‐day average) into the machine learning framework boosts its predictive performance. The effectiveness of the two‐layer framework is validated against regional holdout SMAP/Sentinel‐1 3‐km soil moisture estimates at four study areas with distinct climate regimes. Results indicate that our proposed method is able to reconstruct 3‐km soil moisture at gap areas with high Pearson correlation coefficient (47%/35%/20%/80% improvement of mean R, at Arizona/Oklahoma/Iowa/Arkansas) and low unbiased Root Mean Square Error (20%/10%/7%/26% improvement of mean unbiased root mean square error) when compared to the SMAP 33‐km soil moisture product. Additional validations against airborne data and in situ data from soil moisture networks are also satisfactory.
Latex and a ZnO-based multi-functional material for cardiac implant-related inflammation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Jinzhu , Zhou Yan , Chen Yutong , Yu Fen , Hong Can , Chen Liming , Xin Hongbo , Hong Kui , Wang Xiaolei
Published: July 2019

A new memory latex foam with ZnO modification was developed to reduce the incidence of both bacteria- and shaking-induced pocket inflammation.
Physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels for long-term delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses for cancer treatment
Authors: Le Thai Minh Duy , Jung Bo-Kyeong , Li Yi , Duong Huu Thuy Trang , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Hong Jin Woo , Yun Chae-Ok , Lee Doo Sung
Published: July 2019

A dual pH- and temperature-responsive physically crosslinked and injectable hydrogel system was developed for efficient and long-term delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads).
Electronic and magnetic properties of phosphorene tuned by Cl and metallic atom co-doping
Authors: Tang Yixi , Zhou Wenzhe , Hu Chenhua , Pan Jiangling , Ouyang Fangping
Published: July 2019

We studied the electronic and magnetic properties of Cl and transition metal co-doped phosphorene. Different species and doping sites gave various characteristics. Biaxial strain was used to adjust the impurity states for V–Cl and Co–Cl co-doping.
Correlated super-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy reveals the catalytically active nanorods within individual H-ZSM-22 zeolite particles
Authors: Layek Arunasish , Van Loon Jordi , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Kubarev Alexey V.
Published: July 2019

Correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy finds heterogeneity in the catalytic activity of H-ZSM-22 zeolite, related to the growth mechanism and structural imperfections.
The effect of multistrain probiotic supplementation in two doses on iron metabolism in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized trial
Authors: Skrypnik Katarzyna , Bogdański Paweł , Sobieska Magdalena , Suliburska Joanna
Published: July 2019

Multistrain probiotic supplementation may influence iron metabolism in obese postmenopausal female patients.
A low Schottky barrier height and transport mechanism in gold–graphene–silicon (001) heterojunctions
Authors: Courtin Jules , Le Gall Sylvain , Chrétien Pascal , Moréac Alain , Delhaye Gabriel , Lépine Bruno , Tricot Sylvain , Turban Pascal , Schieffer Philippe , Le Breton Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2019

ResiScope mapping showing the strong reduction of resistance induced by a graphene sheet inserted between silicon and gold.
Copper-catalyzed acylation of pyrazolones with aldehydes to afford 4-acylpyrazolones
Authors: Xiao Yan , Wu Xiaopeng , Teng Jiangang , Sun Song , Yu Jin-Tao , Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2019

Copper catalyzed direct acylation of alkenyl C–H in pyrazolones with aromatic aldehydes as the acyl source to afford 4-acylpyrazolones.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp3)–H alkenylation of N-alkyl-1H-pyrazoles with alkynes
Authors: Li Tongyu , Liu Chang , Wu Shaonan , Chen Chen , Zhu Bolin
Published: July 2019

We report the first example of pyrazole-directed rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp3)–H alkenylation with alkynes.
Decarboxylative sulfenylation of amino acids via metallaphotoredox catalysis
Authors: Wei Lidan , Wu Chengjuan , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Wenguang , Xu Zhenghu
Published: July 2019

A nickel/visible light photoredox co-catalyzed decarboxylative thiolation reaction of carboxylic acids has been developed. This odorless sulfenylation reaction proceeded well via a nickel/photoredox cooperative catalysis pathway under very mild conditions.
A symbiotic hetero-nanocomposite that stabilizes unprecedented CaCl2-type TiO2 for enhanced solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Yuelan , Li Liping , Liu Yan , Feng Tao , Xi Shibo , Wang Xiyang , Xue Chenglin , Qian Jingyu , Li Guangshe
Published: July 2019

We report a symbiotic hetero-nanocomposite that stabilizes unprecedented CaCl2-type TiO2 for enhanced solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction.
Diffusion-determined assembly of all-climate supercapacitors via bioinspired aligned gels
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wu Dongbei , Wu Chu , Wei Gumi , Wei Junjie , Tai Ziyang , Xi Songyan , Shen Saiji , Wang Qigang , Chen Yonggui
Published: July 2019

Inspired by nature, we introduce superconcentrated LiTFSI solution into aligned polymer networks. These well-designed supercapacitors exhibit all-climate capacitance from −54 to 100 °C and maintain stable performance under consecutive bending conditions.
Reductive responsive micelle overcoming multidrug resistance of breast cancer by co-delivery of DOX and specific antibiotic
Authors: Cui Yani , Yang Yuedi , Ma Mengcheng , Xu Yang , Sui Junhui , Li Huifang , Liang Jie , Sun Yong , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: July 2019

The redox-degradable nano-micelle-reversed drug resistance by combination chemotherapy strategy of salinomycin (SL) that could specifically inhibit A/MCF-7 cells and a traditional broad-spectrum antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX).
Wearable strain sensors based on casein-driven tough, adhesive and anti-freezing hydrogels for monitoring human-motion
Authors: Guan Lin , Yan Su , Liu Xin , Li Xinyao , Gao Guanghui
Published: July 2019

Flexible hydrogel-based sensors have attracted significant attention due to promising applications of wearable devices.