bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTI-CRITERIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONING EFFICIENCY OF THE URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Poltavskaya Yuliya
Published: December 2020

The urban environment is a hub for business and innovation. Freight transport is indispensable for the efficient functioning of any society due to the need to replenish and sell food and

other goods in retail stores. The complexity of implementing urban traffic improvement measures requires tools designed to support this process. In this context, the need for a set of factors for the sustainable development of urban freight transport. The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility of using an analytical hierarchical process and multi-criteria analysis to select complex measures

in the field of distribution logistics, which optimize freight flows in an urban environment, taking into

account the concept of development.
IMPACT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PARAMETERS ON THE ESTIMATED POWER OF THE HEATING SYSTEM
Authors: Kuzmin Sergey , Zateeva Anastasiya
Published: December 2020

Energy saving in the operation of construction sites usually consists in finding a way

to reduce heat consumption of the most energy-intensive system in the building - heating. For specific

climatic conditions, the cost of heat for heating is determined by the estimated thermal capacity of the

system, determined by the finished architectural and construction project. This approach, without first

analyzing the possible consequences of making a decision on the volume and planning parameters of

the building, does not guarantee optimal energy consumption. However, the choice of the optimal version of the building with the assigned basic characteristics (e.g. volume) according to traditional

methods is quite time-consuming, and the conclusions are not always obvious and justified. Therefore,

it is useful to develop a simple model linking the basic parameters of the building with the estimated

capacity of the heating system
PURIFICATION OF GASES AND LIQUIDS BY THE METHODS OF ADSORPTION AND ABSORPTION
Authors: Karnauhova Sof'ya , Filippova Tamara
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the essence of private cases of sorption, their distribution in nature, technique and chemical technology, the role of surface phenomena in the processes of syn-thesis and the formation of physical-chemical and other properties of systems.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPES OF CLOTHING FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL
Authors: Tabolina Lyudmila , Krasnova Anzhela
Published: December 2020

The article presents a comparative analysis of overalls, sanitary and branded cloth-ing for the personnel of medical institutions, the peculiarities of its accounting and issuance.
FINANCIAL POLICY OF THE ORGANIZATION: CONCEPT AND CONTENT
Authors: Dugar-Zhabon Ruslana , Popovich Dar'ya
Published: December 2020

The existing approaches to the definition and content of the financial policy of or-ganizations are considered, the concept of «financial policy of the organization» is given concrete examples.
INVESTOR SENTIMENT AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE CURRENT CRISIS
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: December 2020

The article examines the features of investment activity of individuals during the cri-sis processes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines new risks and opportunities in investing.
INCREASING THE FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: Kozlova Kseniya , Stecenko Anastasiya
Published: December 2020

The article considers the essence of the concept «financial potential» and its im-portance in the activity of the enterprise. Based on the analysis of the financial potential of the agro-industrial complex problems and possible reserves of its increase by improving the production tech-nology are identified.
CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF PROBLEM RESEARCH RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATES OF THE USSR, POLAND AND GERMANY IN THE 1930TH. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NEW DOCUMENTARY BASE
Authors: Savchuk Natal'ya , Velichko Maksim , Istratov Roman
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the events of international politics in Europe in the 1930th. The article analyzes the position of the States of the USSR, Poland and Germany on the issues of conclud-ing non-aggression treaties on the eve of world war II. The research is based on the analysis of pub-lished secret materials of Russian archives. It is concluded that in the modern period, in order to pre-serve historical memory, strengthen cooperation and mutual understanding between peoples, it is nec-essary to further publish archival documents of all States, discuss controversial issues, and avoid ideological stereotypes.
STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING THE CORPORATION STRATEGY
Authors: Filimonova Yuliya
Published: December 2020

The article defines the role of key stakeholders in the process of strategic management in a corporation
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
Authors: Yushko Galina
Published: December 2020

The article deals with communicative strategies and tactics. Speaker and listener strategies involve at least two communicants. The speaker affects the knowledge of the addressee. The addressee, perceiving utterances, decodes it and extracts the deep meaning hidden behind the close-up of the meaning. Speech communication is a strategic process, the basis for which is the choice of op-timal language resources
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONNECTION OF PIPES TO THE GRID IN THE AIR-COOLING UNIT
Authors: Evdokimenko Dmitriy , Ahtareeva Ekaterina , Dement'ev Anatoliy , Podoplelov Evgeniy
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the types of pipe connections with a pipe grid in air-cooling devices. Based on this analysis, it is proposed to change the design of pipe fastening instead of rolling to

tightening nuts in ABO-103/1-2 of the sulfuric acid alkylation unit
CALCULATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE OF THE AIR HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL-TET-BUTYL ETHER DEPENDING ON THE ANGLE OF INSTALLATION OF THE FAN BLADES
Authors: Luchko Mihail , Fomina Larisa
Published: December 2020

Calculations have been made of the required heat transfer surface along the ribbing at different angles of installation of the fan blades of a horizontal air heat exchanger used at

the stage of cooling the butadiene fraction in the production of methyl tert-butyl ether. It was found

that for the effective operation of the hydrocarbon fraction preparation unit in the summer period, it

is necessary to replace the existing apparatus with a new one with different design characteristics.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE RELIABILITY OF AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
Authors: Golovanov Igor' , Baranov Vladislav , Kaznacheev Il'ya , Shalygin Nikita
Published: December 2020

Some aspects of the reliability of automated commercial electricity accounting systems (ASCUE) in electricity systems (SES) are considered. The reliability and readiness to work of

ASCUE is determined by many factors. The necessary measures to ensure and improve the reliability

of ASCUE and measures to implement these systems in the rural, urban and industrial SES are outlined.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INERTIA OF CONTACT TEMPERATURE CONVERTERS ON A LABORATORY STAND
Authors: Kolmogorov Aleksey , Teterin Igor'
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the main temperature

sensors used in production, in terms of their inertia. Examines the impact of type nominal static

characteristics, the length of the working part, diameters, availability of cover, availability of protective thermowell on the show-tel of thermal inertia.
PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS COVID-19 IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Orfan Sayeed Naqibullah , Elmyar Abdul Hamid
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 has tremendously affected the world including Afghanistan since its outbreak.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the public knowledge about COVID-19 in Afghanistan as well as practices used to prevent contracting the disease. It also studied the attitudes of the public towards the COVID-19 survivors, and the impact of the participants’ gender, place of residence and marital status on their responses.Method: The data were collected from 1472 individuals through an online survey questionnaire. SPSS version 24.0 was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed that the public were very knowledgeable about COVID-19. They used various practices to varying extent to prevent contracting COVID-19 and its spread. Moreover, the participants’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 survivors varied. They had negative attitudes towards them if close contact was concerned, but their attitudes were positive towards them if close contact was not involved, e.g., educating community members about the disease. Gender and place of residence had a significant impact on the participants’ knowledge and practices, but they did not affect their attitudes towards the survivors. Furthermore, marital status significantly affected the participants’ practices, but it did not have any impact on their knowledge and attitudes towards the survivors.
HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) ON PALUMARA FISH SOUP IN THE NUTRITION INSTALLATION OF THE REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, INDONESIA
Authors: Yunancy Sri , Nurlaela Euis , Rusli Rahmatunna
Published: December 2020

Background: One of the government efforts in Indonesia to protect consumers and producers of healthy and safe food is to enforce the Republic of Indonesia's Law No. 23 of 1992 concerning Health (Part Four: Safety of Food and Beverages). Therefore, designing the HACCP design at the hospital is necessary to ensure food safety.Objective: This study aimed to find out how the design is appropriate for the food safety system with the HACCP Principles Approach in the Palumara Fish Soup Processing in the Nutrition Installation of the Kendari City Regional General Hospital, Indonesia.Methods: This study was descriptive with a qualitative approach conducted on 15-17 July 2019 with Palumara fish soup samples observed three times in the third menu cycle.Result: The critical points in the processing of Palumara fish soup include improper foodstuffs, washing of impurities in the tools and foodstuffs, boiling and stirring (the level of food maturity), stripping (i.e., the inedible part), and contamination from workers and containers.Conclusion: The nutrition installation at the Kendari City Regional General Hospital has not implemented Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as a whole, both from manpower, buildings, sanitation facilities and equipment. In addition, the hospital has not implemented HACCP in the food processing process, from the reception to distribution stage, so there are risks and dangers in Palumara fish soup.
HUSBAND’S SUPPORT PARTICIPATION FOR PREGNANT WOMEN THROUGH VIDEO IN FE TABLET CONSUMPTION
Authors: Utami Dewi  , Fidyah Aminin  , Nurniati TR  , Vina Jayanti
Published: December 2020

The Indonesian government has initiated the provision of iron tablet supplementations to pregnant women. However, the lack of support from the family, especially husbands, in controlling the consumption of these tablets has resulted in the government program not being able to achieve the target set. This quasi experimental study used a pre-posttest model with a control group design. In this study, there were two groups, namely the treatment group and the control group who were given a questionnaire before and after the intervention. The treatment group was given intervention in the form of a husband's mentoring video, while the control group received services in the form of health education with sample size for each group at 47 persons. The results of the analysis showed there were more respondents who experienced the increased knowledge, i.e., 30 persons when compared to those in the control group by only 16 persons. It was then concluded that the use of video to increase the participation of husbands as a companion to remind the wife to consume iron supplementation was significant.
COVID 19 : Management et télétravail au Sénégal
Authors: MBAYE
Published: December 2020

La Covid 19 est une crise sanitaire, mais aussi, un défi économique pour les pays en voie de développement. L’économie sénégalaise est durement touchée par la pandémie et les ondes de choc sont fortement ressenties par le secteur privé. Face à cette crise inédite, systémique et de grande ampleur, il revient aux managers de piloter le changement et de proposer des solutions résilientes, efficaces et durables. C’est ainsi qu’ils ont, dans leur grande majorité, prôné et mis en œuvre le télétravail dans l’entreprise. Ses avantages sont nombreux mais, dans un contexte de sous-développement, il présente des limites non négligeables.
Comment l’IA change le rôle du manager ?
Authors: Dejoux
Published: December 2020

A chaque entreprise sa stratégie. Certaines n’évoquent absolument pas le sujet de l’IA auprès de leurs collaborateurs et d’autres les forment à gagner en efficacité en réfléchissant à l’évolution des métiers quand l’IA, remplace, assiste et augmente les tâches (EDF, SNCF, La Poste etc).
SELECTIVE ABORTION AS A FORM OF VIOLATION OF WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS
Authors: Voloshin A. I. , Derevyankina S. A.
Published: December 2020

The article raises the question of legal ways to protect women’s reproductive rights when committing an artificial termination of pregnancy by gender. Selective abortion is a social disease that has a long history and is still relevant today. A review of the issue began with a study of the occurrence and development of this phenomenon in Russia and foreign countries. In addition, the causes and consequences of elective abortion are clarified, and ways to deal with them are investigated. Also proposed are measures to improve this situation in Russia and the world.
MODALITY AND COMPARISON OF CONTINENTAL AND ANGLO-SAXON MODELS FOR STATE REGULATION OF CIVIL RELATIONS
Authors: Shulga R. R.
Published: December 2020

There were disclosed the main features of the formation of the modern domestic republican model of state regulation of civil relations. It was concluded that the modern system of state regulation of civil relations, reflected in domestic legislation, has pronounced features of a continental legal family. It was made the analysis of the distinctive characteristics of the civil law relations regulating in the continental and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. The general features and differences in the construction of a system of civil relations and it’s state regulating in were investigated. It was established that for domestic practice of civil relations state regulating, the most utilitarian features of the continental legal system are: codification of legislation, separation of individual institutions in civil law, separation of the categories “property” (characteristic of things) and “ownership” (characteristic of the process). There were disclosed the main aspects of utilitarianism and the value of judicial precedent as an element of the civil relations regulating. It was proved the value of judicial precedent as the most operational and mobile instrument for regulating civil relations through the adjustment of legal reality. It was determined the partial admissibility of its application in domestic practice of the of the civil law relations regulating.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR HUMANITARIAN CRIMES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS REFLECTION IN RUSSIAN NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Authors: Bugaev V. A. , Chaika A. V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problems of the relationship between international law in general and, in particular, international humanitarian law and the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in determining responsibility for international humanitarian crimes. The analysis of the emergence of international humanitarian law, its fundamental principles and their reflection in the law of Russia and the Russian Federation.
TO THE ISSUE OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Dubinin M. N.
Published: December 2020

The article examines certain aspects of the formation of statehood in the Republic of Crimea after joining the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the historical aspects of the formation of the system of executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, establishes the historical relationships and continuity of the executive authorities of the Republic of Crimea during the stay of Crimea as part of Ukraine and after the events of the «Crimean spring». A systematic approach is applied, which allows transforming the system of executive authorities into an object with its own structure of structure, structure of organization, structure of functioning. The article examines the status of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea in the structure of government bodies, its powers, and the procedure for its functioning. The article analyzes the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea, which regulate the formation and activity of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea.
THE ACTS OF THE SEA COMMERCIAL PORTS OF USSR IN THE FIELD OF LOADING AND UNLOADING OPERATIONS IN THE 1920S.
Authors: Klimenko C. P.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the issue of issuing regulations by sea commercial ports of the USSR, regulating the process of organizing loading and unloading operations. The author has separately identified the government documents of the USSR, on the basis of which commercial ports developed Regulations that set the rules for carrying out loading and unloading activities. The paper provides a brief historical, technical, operational and economic overview of seaports for a more detailed understanding of the causal relationship between the state of ports in the period under review and the adopted regulations. For each port, such issues as the rules for unloading, loading and storage of various types of goods, including flammable and perishable goods, requirements for loading equipment, places of loading and unloading, the timing of such works, measures of responsibility for non-compliance with regulations, etc. were studied.
REGULATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Trifonova (Kazaryan) K. V.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the institution of the migration process as a type of legal process. The migration process is considered through the prism of the legal process, and the author narrows the consideration of the concept as a type of administrative process. The content of the article discusses the features of the main approaches to the concept of the essence of the administrative process and the consideration of the migration process through these approaches. The author concludes that it is possible to consider the migration process in a narrow sense, both judicial migration process and procedural migration process. The migration process as a kind of administrative process acts in the procedural form of the Executive power. Due to the fact that procedural norms are contained in various legislative acts, and as a result, the law enforcement process becomes more complicated, it is necessary to adopt a Migration Code that will combine a set of both material and procedural norms at various levels that ensure the exercise of powers to resolve migration issues. The author concludes that the legal nature of the migration process is to ensure the implementation of the material norms of Russian migration law
The Contribution of Absolute Income Towards Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Rwanda
Authors: Callixte Kabera , Mahina Jacob Niyoyita , Tushabe Emmy
Published: December 2020

The study portrays current worldwide empirical facts on the progress of economic growth and poverty relief in developing countries of the world. It’s well known that in most developing countries, the lives of citizens are not always very pleasant. There are usually lots of inconveniences in the ways of life for the citizen of these countries. Whenever the government of such a country responds to the inconveniences of life by formulating developmental programs to alleviate the problems of the people, such programs in most cases, do not work, making such government to be frustrated and discouraged. However, the government of Rwanda plays an important role in a number of areas including agriculture, education, and the health sector in order to reduce the mortality rate to its citizens and promote entrepreneurship. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of absolute poverty and the appropriate methods that Rwanda has applied to curb down poverty levels, at the same time, picking key lessons and guidelines that can be of assistance in curbing down poverty in parts of sub-Saharan countries, Rwanda inclusive. In order to achieve its aim, the paper was put into four sections. Section one explains the poverty profile of Rwanda before and immediately after the genocide while the second part describes the short strategies that Rwanda took to reduce poverty. Section three elaborates the work the country puts to ensure it achieves its goals of achieving long-term goals of becoming a middle-income country by 2020. The fourth section describes the environment that the state has created to ensure that its strategies work as planned. The research work also relies on other related secondary documents from the mentioned institutions.
Методологические подходы прогнозирования развития художественно-промышленного образования
Authors:   МГХПА им. С.Г. Строганова, Зива Валентина Ф.
Published: December 2020

Автор анализирует современную ситуацию в художественно-промышленном образовании, опираясь на процессы формирования нормативно-правовой базы и внедрения ее в жизнь, акцентируя внимание на идеях прогнозирования развития образовании в контексте новых целей и вызовов времени. Рассматривается предложение создания учебными заведениями прогностической модели, на основе которой появляется возможность наиболее активно осуществлять академические свободы участниками образовательных отношений, внедрять дистанционное образование и способствовать развитию конкурентоспособности вузов художественно-промышленного профиля.
Системность и целостность в теории искусства
Authors:   МГХПА им. С.Г. Строганова, Кошаев Владимир Б. ,   МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Ганцева Нина Н. ,   МГХПА им. С.Г. Строганова
Published: December 2020

Стоит задача раскрыть соотношение понятий «целостность» и «системность» искусства в философии, семиотике и искусствоведении. Это важно для уточнения свойств объектов искусства в причинах их эйдической природы. Системность и целостность существуют в их совместном гуманитарном и художественно-эмпирическом сценарии. За условие трактовки художественного произведения взята платоновская онтологическая модель «вещь-эйдос-идея». Эйдос рассматривается как сфера целеполаганий референта духовного образа, которая реализуется средствами художественного синтеза. Это позволяет вести речь о действительном художественном содержании произведений.
Deep Recurrent Learning for Heart Sounds Segmentation based on Instantaneous Frequency Features
Authors: Gaona Alvaro Joaquin , Arini Pedro David
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se presenta un conjunto de técnicas bien conocidas definiendo un método automático para determinar los sonidos fundamentales en un fonocardiograma (PCG). Mostraremos una red neuronal recurrente capaz de segmentar segmentar un fonocardiograma en sus principales componentes, y una forma muy específica de extraer frecuencias instantáneas que jugarán un importante rol en el entrenamiento y validación del modelo propuesto. Más específicamente, el método propuesto involucra una red neuronal Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) acompañada de la Transformada Sincronizada de Fourier (FSST) usada para extraer atributos en tiempo-frecuencia en un PCG. El presente enfoque fue evaluado con señales de fonocardiogramas mayores a 5 segundos y menores a 35 segundos de duración extraı́dos de bases de datos públicas. Se demostró, que con una arquitectura relativamente pequeña, un conjunto de datos acotado y una buena elección de las características, este método alcanza una eficacia cercana a la del estado del arte, con una sensitividad promedio de 89.5%, una precisión promedio de 89.3% y una exactitud promedio de 91.3%.
Proyecto de transformadores de pulsos de potencia
Authors: Tacca Hernán Emilio
Published: December 2020

Se presenta un método para el diseño de transformadores de pulsos de alta potencia basado en consideraciones analíticas que conducen a ecuaciones de dimensionamiento que permiten el proyecto en un solo un paso, que puede mejorarse luego mediante iteración. Se incluye un ejemplo de procedimiento de diseño de transformador utilizado en un generador de pulsos para electroporación.
Arquitectura de comunicación para la digitalización de la agricultura en torno a la maquinaria agrícola
Authors: Iglesias Natalia , Bulacio Pilar , Tapia Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Se presenta una arquitectura de comunicación para habilitar servicios en la nube en torno a la maquinaria agrícola en zonas rurales con infraestructura de conectividad limitada. La arquitectura propuesta se compone de tres módulos, Unidad a bordo, gateway y servicio en la nube, que extienden el alcance de la cobertura de comunicación y permiten el intercambio de datos desde la maquinaria agrícola a la nube. La arquitectura se implementa con hardware de bajo costo y librerías de código abierto que permiten una rápida implementación. Los resultados obtenidos, en términos de latencia de comunicación, indican que la solución es adecuada para aplicaciones de monitoreo en maquinarias agrícola que utilizan ISOBUS.
Sistema de iluminación para obtención de imágenes optoacústicas basado en LEDs y EDU-CIAA
Authors: Gasparovic Emiliano , Insabella Roberto Mariano , González Martín Germán
Published: December 2020

La obtención de imágenes optoacústicas es una técnica híbrida que se beneficia tanto del rico y versátil contraste óptico como de la alta resolución espacial asociada a la baja dispersión de propagación de las ondas ultrasónicas. Usualmente, se utilizan láseres de elevada energía (> 10 mJ) como fuente de luz los cuales son caros, no portátiles y tienen una baja tasa de repetición (~20 Hz). En los últimos años se ha estado investigando el uso de diodos emisores de luz (LEDs) como sustituto ya que son menos costosos, más confiables y compactos, y pueden proporcionar miles de pulsos en un segundo para obtener imágenes en tiempo real. En esta trabajo se presenta la implementación de un sistema de iluminación basado en LEDs y en el sistema embebido EDU-CIAA que es capaz de emitir pulsos de luz de corta duración (< 1 us), con gran intensidad y elevada frecuencia (> 1 kHz).
Sistema Automatizado de Estacionamiento para Patentes Argentinas
Authors: Valeo Juan Pablo , Gregoracci Sebastian , Seijas Leticia María , Etcheverry Juan Alberto
Published: December 2020

El mercado global de soluciones inteligentes para estacionamiento está en auge siendo altamente competitivo debido principalmente al crecimiento del parque automotor. En Argentina aún prevalece la operatoria manual. Este trabajo presenta el Sistema Automatizado de Estacionamiento (SAE), diseñado y desarrollado en su versión prototipo para una empresa privada, para controlar y gestionar el ingreso, egreso y estadía de vehículos en playas de estacionamiento. El sistema cuenta con un módulo de reconocimiento de patentes vigentes en Argentina, la placa principal que permite conectar la unidad central del sistema con los periféricos como detectores magnéticos, barreras de acceso y barreras infrarrojas, y una base de datos que almacena información necesaria para la gestión del estacionamiento. Se contemplan usuarios abonados y no abonados y tarifas para distintos tipos de vehículo, para lo cual se implementa un sistema para la detección de tamaño. El SAE maneja casos de fallo tanto de hardware como del sistema y situaciones de excepción. Se contemplan además vías de ingreso y egreso con entrada y salida de vehículos en simultáneo.
The Role of International Organizations in WMD Compliance and Enforcement: Autonomy, Agency, and Influence
Authors: Findlay Trevor
Published: December 2020

Major multilateral arms control and disarmament treaties dealing with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) often have mandated an international organization to monitor and verify State party compliance and to handle cases of non-compliance. There are marked differences in the mandates and technical capabilities of these bodies. Nonetheless, they often face the same operational and existential challenges. This report looks at the role of multilateral verification bodies, especially their secretariats, in dealing with compliance and enforcement, the extent to which they achieve “agency” and “influence” in doing so, and whether and how such capacities might be enhanced. In WMD organizations it is the governing bodies that make decisions about noncompliance and enforcement. The role of their secretariats is to manage the monitoring and verification systems, analyse the resulting data – and data from other permitted sources – and alert their governing bodies to suspicions of non-compliance. Secretariats are expected to be impartial, technically oriented and professional. It is when a serious allegation of non-compliance arises that their role becomes most sensitive politically and most vital. The credibility of Secretariats in these instances will depend on the agency and influence that they have accumulated. There are numerous ways in which an international secretariat can position itself for maximum agency and influence, essentially by making itself indispensable to member States and the broader international community. It can achieve this by engaging with multiple stakeholders, aiming for excellence in its human and technical resources, providing timely and sustainable implementation assistance, ensuring an appropriate organizational culture and, perhaps most of all, understanding that knowledge is power. The challenge for supporters of international verification organizations is to enhance those elements that give them agency and influence and minimize those that lead to inefficiencies, dysfunction and, most damaging of all, political interference in verification and compliance judgements.
Estimating on the fly: The approximate number system in rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus)
Authors: Corliss Mia , Brown Theo , Hurly T. Andrew , Healy Susan D. , Tello-Ramos Maria C.
Published: December 2020

When presented with resources that differ in quantity, many animals use a numerosity system to discriminate between them. One taxonomically widespread system is the approximate number system. This is a numerosity system that allows the rapid evaluation of the number of objects in a group and which is regulated by Weber’s Law. Here we investigated whether wild, free-living rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) possess an approximate number system. The hummingbirds were presented with two experiments. In the first we investigated whether hummingbirds spontaneously chose an array containing more flowers than an alternate array. In the second we asked whether the hummingbirds could learn to use numerosity as a cue to which of two arrays contained the better reward. The birds did not spontaneously prefer an array containing more flowers. After minimal training, however, they learned to choose the more numerous array and could differentiate between arrays of five and seven flowers. These data support the presence of an approximate number system in the rufous hummingbird. It seems plausible that having such a system would enable much more efficient foraging in this species.
Taking the perspectives of many people: Humanization matters
Authors: Ye Tian , Furumi Fumikazu , Catarino da Silva Daniel , Hamilton Antonia
Published: December 2020

In a busy space, people encounter many other people with different viewpoints, but classic studies of perspective-taking examine only one agent at a time. This paper explores the issue of selectivity in visual perspective-taking (VPT) when different people are available to interact with. We consider the hypothesis that humanization impacts on VPT in four studies using virtual reality methods. Experiments 1 and 2 use the director task to show that for more humanized agents (an in-group member or a virtual human agent), participants were more likely to use VPT to achieve lower error rate. Experiments 3 and 4 used a two-agent social mental rotation task to show that participants are faster and more accurate to recognize items which are oriented towards a more humanized agent (an in-group member or a naturally moving agent). All results support the claim that humanization alters the propensity to engage in VPT in rich social contexts.
Analisis Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Google Form Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta didik Kelas X Multimedia Di SMK Islam Perti Jakarta
Authors: M. Ardiansyah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini adalah survey terhadap 22 peserta didik dengan media pembelajaran google form. Populasi untuk penelitian adalah peserta didik SMK Islam Perti Jakarta. Sampling di pilih dengan metode purposive sampling, yaitu peserta didik kelas X MM angkatan 2019 pada materi ukuran pemusatan data tunggal. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal yang terdiri atas 15 essay. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mnganalisis minat dan hasil belajar peserta didik program Multimedia di SMK Islam Perti Jakarta matapelajaran matematika melalui media pembelajaran google form. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Islam Perti dengan subyek penelitian kelas X MM berjumlah 22 peserta didik dan objek penelitian pada mata pelajaran matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar matematika dari kondisi awal yang diajarkan dengan metode ceramah dan powerpoint. Simpulannya bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran Google Form dapat meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas X MM pada matapelajaran matematika.
Observaciones para la construcción y validación de instrumentos de investigación
Authors: Tarazona Mirabal Herman
Published: December 2020

El diseño de un instrumento de medición es una tarea multidisciplinaria, aún para medir algún rasgo sin mayores implicancias; dependiendo de la aplicación que se le dé va a necesitar especialistas en el constructo, analistas estadísticos, diseñadores de test, especialistas en el lenguaje. De hecho, se requiere un conocimiento especializado para el diseño o adecuación de instrumentos que tengan amplias repercusiones como, por ejemplo, validar un instrumento de diagnóstico médico. Las características métricas de un instrumento son su validez y confiabilidad. La validez hace referencia a la exactitud de instrumentos físicos y la confiabilidad a la precisión en la medida. Las valideces que son representativas de esta característica son la validez de contenido, de constructo y de criterio, mientras que la confiabilidad del instrumento aumenta cuando están identificados los errores y estos se pueden controlar.
Scenes of Human Control of Reindeer in the Alta Rock Art. An Event of Early Domestication in the far North?
Authors: Fuglestvedt Ingrid
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on some evident differences between Phase 1 and Phase 2 rock art at Alta in western Finnmark in northern Norway. The earliest period (Phase 1, 5200–4200 cal BC) of rock art production shows numerous scenes in which humans seem to take control of wild game. The compositions of corrals with reindeer inside may be indications of forms of early domestication suggested to have occurred within a context marked by the authority of successful hunters and the influence of emerging inequality. This element of control correlates with an apparent totemic influence in the expressions of rock art. The rock art produced in the succeeding period (Phase 2, 4200-3000 cal BC), however, entirely lacks scenes communicating control of reindeer. This article suggests that this selective absence is an expression of a regained egalitarian social form and a reappraisal of an original animism.
Comparative Study in Method of Compaction by Consolidated Drained and Direct Shear Test
Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdul Samad , Sidek N. , Ahmad Juhaizad , Hamzah N. , Rosli M. I. F.
Published: December 2020

Soil compaction has been a common practice in the construction of highways, embankments, earth dams and other related structures where the condition of the soil is high in void ratio and therefore having a very low in bearing capacity. Therefore, the soil needs to be compacted in order to minimize the void ratio and in the same time would results in having a very high bearing capacity to sustain load. Nevertheless, only a few researches have been done to investigate the method of compaction using different energy on the behavior of shear strength by consolidated drained and direct shear test. In this research, the effect of different compaction in energy of 25 number of blows compared to 40 number of blows on the stress-strain behaviour of drained triaxial test has been done and findings of the data are to be compared with direct shear test. Results reveal that there is an increase in soil unit weight by using different energy in compaction with an increase of 5% from 1790 kg/m3 to 1880 kg/m3 for 25 and 40 number of blows respectively. However, the stress-strain behaviour of the specimens shows differently when compared between consolidated drained triaxial and direct shear test. The shear strength for direct shear-stress is at higher value compared to drained triaxial test. For drained triaxial test, results reveal that the effective friction angles are increase only about 1% from 37° to 38°. This is due to the soil particles rearranging itself with the different applied pressures thus eliminating the effects of different energy on the shear strength of the specimens. However, for direct shear test, the shear strength increases drastically from 29° to 32°. The increase of the shear strength is more likely influence by the soil particle arrangement due to the impact of the energy of the no of blows to the desired specimen.
Investigation of Copper(I)Thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a Hole Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Application
Authors: Nizamuddin Ahmad , Arith Faiz , Jia Rong Ing , Zaimi Muhammad , Rahimi A Shamsul , Saat Shahrizal
Published: December 2020

Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an inorganic hole transporting layer (HTL) used in perovskite solar cells (PSC). This material offers higher stability and reliability compared to conventional HTL. In this work, for depositing CuSCN (inorganic compound) we were using spin coating technique. The annealing temperature of CuSCN is varied in order to analyze the structural and electrical characteristics. The structural characteristics are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, the electrical characteristic is measured by the I-V characteristics measurement. SEM images show the material surface features such as crystallinity morphology and density. XRD and Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the coated surface on the ITO substrate is CuSCN. Besides, the I-V characteristic reveals that the conductivity with respect to annealing temperature. As a result, the optimized annealing temperature of CuSCN is 80 °C and showing conductivity of 62.96 S/m. In conclusion, CuSCN has a significant conductivity, hence suitable for the application as the HTL for perovskite solar cells.
Torque Characterization of T-shaped Magnetorheological Brake Featuring Serpentine Magnetic Flux
Authors: Nya’Ubit Ilham Rizkia , Priyandoko Gigih , Imaduddin Fitrian , Adiputra Dimas , Ubaidillah
Published: December 2020

Recently, T-shaped Magnetorheological Brake (MRB) usually utilize more than one wire coil electromagnetic to maximize magnetic flux reaching all Magnetorheological Fluid (MRF) gaps. This research was focused on the usage of a single wire coil on MRB with uniformly magnetic flux distribution. To achieve the goal, the serpentine magnetic flux profile was adopted to maximize all MRF gaps that only use a single coil. Firstly, the magnetic circuit which implementing serpentine magnetic flux was design in a two-dimensional model. It was then followed by magnetostatic simulation using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) to determine the amount of magnetic flux density. The data were then employed to calculate the braking torque. After having the final dimension and completing the workshop drawing, an MRB prototype was fabricated. Thus, the prototype was characterized using the braking test apparatus to figure out the torque profiles. Moreover, the experimental results were compared to the simulation results. This process justified the validity of the proposed mathematical model of the T-shaped MRB. It was investigated that the maximum braking torque from simulations and experimental works were 1.51 Nm and 1.91 Nm at 1 A, respectively. Overall the between differences of simulations and experimental works were about 10%. It is therefore, the mathematical model can be used for further application in the actuator control system.
Hemodynamic and Flow Recirculation Effect on Rupture Prediction of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Shafii Nadia Shaira , Yamaguchi Ryuhei , Md Khudzari Ahmad Zahran , Tanaka Gaku , Saitoh Atsushi , Ohta Makoto , Osman Kahar
Published: December 2020

The mortality and morbidity rate due to the severe effect of intracranial aneurysm (IA) is increasing, which has driven research trend on aneurysm rupture risk. By understanding the nature and causes of the aneurysm rupture, preventive measures could be taken in avoiding rupture besides recommending proper treatments such as endovascular coiling. However, the presence of flow recirculation causes the aneurysm wall to degenerate and weakened. The weakened wall is due to the haemodynamic factors such as velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), time average WSS (TAWSS), OSI and RRT, which were analysed in this study. In the present study, the flow model simulated a human patient-specific aneurysm at the apex of the bifurcation in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the transient state. Experimental results of full-scale models were collected on a median, side plane to study the flow behaviour and validation to the numerical simulation settings, which resulted in good agreement with only 8% difference. The simulation results obtained showed several interesting findings. The jet flow into the aneurysm led to complex vortex formation due to impinging flow behaviour within the aneurysm dome. Additionally, the area that recorded low velocity was at 30% of low TAWSS with only 1% of OSI that was more than 0.3, while the OSI critical value and 0.27% area exceeded RRT threshold, which caused the large oscillating blood flow direction and activated the atherosclerosis progression. These results suggest that the jet flow into the dome may cause further damage to the wall of the MCA aneurysm, which will help in providing an insight towards completing a guidance system assessment of rupture risk for medical practitioners in future work.
Potential of Steam Recovery from Excess Steam in Sterilizer at Palm Oil Mill
Authors: Palaniandy Yoganathan , Adam Nor Mariah , Hung Yiu Pang , Naning Fatin Hana
Published: December 2020

Energy saving is something that being focus deeply either larger or smaller industry in this current era especially steam and electricity. In a crude palm oil mill, tons of fibers and woods are used for burning process as a boiler fuel to generate steam. As steam is good heat transfer medium, it is use for the regular process of heating the product or materials by direct and batch heating to raise the temperature in order to change the characteristic. In typical palm oil mill, every 1000kg of fresh fruits bunches (FFB) required 250kg of steam energy for the sterilization process. It is not surprising that the exhaust lost that release to the atmosphere from the total steam usage is about 70%, which can conclude as energy waste. By referring to this issue, the cost of replace consumable boiler fuel increase tremendously. Besides that, the huge amount of heat release caused the thermal pollution that may have significant effects in the ecological balance and lead to changes in the aquatic fauna and flora. This paper reviews and critically discusses the waste of steam energy and the morphology involved in excess steam from sterilizer. The system that combined with few steps of steam recovery were developed to recovery the low-pressure steam to form the mid-pressure steam that can able to reuse at the process plant. The steam ejector technology is use in this research to recover and reuse the excess steam leading to lower energy consumption and fuel costs. The overall idea is about combining the low-pressure excess steam with high-pressure steam that directly supply from back pressure receiver to form the mid-pressure steam. The Ansys software used as to identify the change of parameter of excess steam and through the software, the percentage of motive steam needed to combine with excess steam finalized. Via recovery and reuse the excess steam from sterilizer, the total energy consumption will be minimized at least 20% which can able to reduce the massive expenses for boiler fuel that benefit the palm oil mill owners.
Helioseismic Finite-frequency Sensitivity Kernels for Flows in Spherical Geometry including Systematic Effects
Authors: Bhattacharya Jishnu
Published: December 2020

Helioseismic inferences of large-scale flows in the solar interior necessitate accounting for the curvature of the Sun, both in interpreting systematic trends introduced in measurements as well as the sensitivity kernel that relates photospheric measurements to subsurface flow velocities. Additionally, the inverse problem that relates measurements to model parameters needs to be well posed to obtain accurate inferences, which necessitates a sparse set of parameters. Further, the sensitivity functions need to be computationally easy to evaluate. In this work, we address these issues by demonstrating that the sensitivity kernels for flow velocities may be computed efficiently on the basis of vector spherical harmonics. We are also able to account for line-of-sight projections in Doppler measurements, as well as center-to-limb differences in line-formation heights. We show that given the assumed spherical symmetry of the background model, it is often cheap to simultaneously compute the kernels for pairs of observation points that are related by a rotation. Such an approach is therefore particularly well suited to inverse problems for large-scale flows in the Sun, such as meridional circulation.
MASTER Optical Observation of LIGO/VIRGO S200224ca Error-box
Authors: Lipunov V. , Kornilov V. , Vlasenko D. , Tiurina N. , Gorbovskoy E. , Gorbunov I. , Balanutsa P. , Balakin F. , Chasovnikov A. , Gabovich A. , Gress O. A. , Cheryasov D. , Buckley D. A. H. , Podesta R. , Rebolo R. , Serra M. , Topolev V. , Zhirkov K. , Pozdnyakov A. , Kuznetsov A. , Vladimirov V. , Senik V. , Podesta F. , Francile C. , Budnev N. M. , Sergienko Yu. , Tlatov A. , Grinshpun V. , Minkina E. , Yurkov V.
Published: December 2020

We present the results of MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of LIGO/Virgo S200224ca error-box (O3 set). We observed 380 square degrees inside the 3σ error box during 1 month. We present optical transients found by MASTER auto-detection system during this inspection. They are not the optical counterparts, but the result of MASTER observation strategy, that is is briefly discussed. Also we present short analysis of Swift-UVOT, -XRT transients in MASTER database since 2010.