bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoxalines. Part 10. A New and Convenient Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoxalines (Flavazoles).
Authors: Sarodnick Gerhard , Linker Torsten
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions of Masked o‐Benzoquinones with Nitroso Compounds.
Authors: Lin Ken‐Ching , Liao Chun‐Chen
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1H‐2,3‐Benzoxazines by an Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Kai Hiroyuki , Nakai Toru
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activity of the Products of Reaction of 3‐Aroyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrrolo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazin‐1,2,4‐triones with 4‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Mashevskaya I. V. , Anikina L. V. , Bikharev Yu. B. , Safin V. A. , Kol'tsova S. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple One‐Pot Synthesis of Condensed 1,2,4‐Triazines by Using the Tandem AN—SNipso and SHN—SNipso Reactions.
Authors: Chupakhin Oleg N. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Beresnev Dmitry G. , Charushin Valery N. , Neunhoeffer Hans
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of S‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,5]thiadiazines Containing a Chiral Side Chain by Double Mannich Type Reaction.
Authors: Shi Haijian , Shi Haoxin , Wang Zhongyi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloadditions of N‐Alkenoyl Aryl Azides.
Authors: Garanti Luisa , Molteni Giorgio , Broggini Gianluigi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1,3‐diazepines. Part 2. Basicity and Hydrolysis of 1,2‐Diaryl Derivatives.
Authors: Hedrera Monica E. , Perillo Isabel A. , Fernandez Beatriz
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Substituted and Spiro 1,5‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐ones under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Abdel‐Ghany H. , El‐Sayed A. M. , Khodairy A. , Salah H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Organic Crystals as Candidates for Frequency Up‐Converted Materials: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Troeger′s Bases (III).
Authors: Bu Xian‐He , Du Miao , Zhao Li‐Juan , Tanaka Kentaro , Shionoya Mitsuhiko , Shiro Motoo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,4‐Dihydro‐7,8‐dicarbonitrile‐2H‐1,5‐benzodioxepine.
Authors: Hadou Abderrahmane Ould , Hlel Faouzi , Jaouen Gerard , Meganem Faouzi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method for Mild Oxidation of α‐Hydroxysilanes to Provide Aroylsilanes.
Authors: Patrocinio Amauri F. , Moran Paulo J. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Procedure for Preparation of Sulfonated DDPPI.
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Lu Shijie , Niu Jianzhong , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Selenonium Salts by Reaction of Chiral Haloselenuranes with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Zhang Jian , Saito Shinichi , Koizumi Toru
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Lithium Aluminum Hydride with Elemental Selenium: Its Application as a Selenating Reagent into Organic Molecules.
Authors: Ishihara Hideharu , Koketsu Mamoru , Fukuta Yoshihisa , Nada Futoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroalumination of Phenylthioacetylenes. Synthesis and Reactions of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1‐Butyltelluro‐1‐phenylthio‐1‐alkenes.
Authors: Dabdoub Miguel J. , Guerrero Jr. Palimecio G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Route to [Bis‐1,2‐(aminomethyl)benzene]dichloroplatinum(II) Complexes, Screening for Cytotoxic Activity in Cisplatin‐Sensitive and Resistant Human Cancer Cell Lines, and Reaction with Glutathione.
Authors: Rinke K. , Gruenert R. , Bednarski P. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dyes from Aromatic C‐Nitroso‐N‐hydroxytriazenes.
Authors: Churkina L. N. , Belyaev E. Yu. , Kazak Yu. Yu.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrazinomethylviologens and the Substituent Effect of the Nitrogen Ylide on Their Absorption Spectra.
Authors: Jaung Jae‐yun , Fukunishi Koushi , Kim Sung Dong , Jeong Sung Hoon , Kim Sung Hoon
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Soluble Phthalocyanine Complexes Containing Four Peripheral Dihexyl and Dihexylhexylmalonate Residues.
Authors: Kandaz Mehmet , Oezkaya Ali R. , Bekaroglu Oezer
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of C‐20 Modified Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Kim Jin Yung , Koo Han‐Mo , Kim Darrick S. H. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Constituents of Ajowan.
Authors: Ishikawa Toru , Sega Yukiko , Kitajima Junichi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Convenient Method for the Rearrangement of Peroxide Compounds
Authors: Gao Xiaolei , Zhou Gang , Guan Yukun , Li Weidong Z. , Li Yulin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress Toward the Total Synthesis of Kalihinane Diterpenoids.
Authors: White Ryan D. , Wood John L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Arteanniun M Using the Tandem Oxy‐Cope/Ene Reaction.
Authors: Barriault Louis , Deon Daniel H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Malabanones A and B, Novel Nortriterpenoids from Ailanthus malabarica DC.
Authors: Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Ozeki Akira , Choo Chee Yan , Chan Kit Lam , Itokawa Hideji , Takeya Koichi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Bamford—Stevens Reaction of 17‐Toluenesulfonylhydrazono‐3β‐acetoxy‐14α‐hydroxyandrost‐5‐e ne.
Authors: Khripach Vladimir A. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Kotyatkina Anna I. , Fando Galina P. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Govorova Alla A. , van der Louw Jaap , Groen Marinus B. , de Groot Aede
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of a New Bicyclic Dipeptide Isostere.
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , Valenza Silvia , Machetti Fabrizio , Brandi Alberto
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of iso‐Dolaproine via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Lavergne Damien , Mordant Celine , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Marine Metabolites Series. Part 109. Three New Bromotyrosine Derivatives Lethal to Crab from the Marine Sponge, Pseudoceratina purpurea.
Authors: Fusetani Nobuhiro , Masuda Yoshitsugu , Nakao Yoichi , Matsunaga Shigeki , van Soest Rob W. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel System for the Preparation of Orphan Receptor Ligand Peptides.
Authors: Nishimura Osamu , Koyama Nobuyuki , Itoh Takashi , Suenaga Masato , Moriya Takeo , Miwa Masanori , Tanaka Yoko , Kitada Chieko , Fujino Masahiko
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Formation of a Quaternary Center in a Pyroglutamate Derivative. Formal Synthesis of Monatin.
Authors: Oliveira Davi de Jesus , Coelho Fernando
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for the Preparation of the Rhinovirus Protease Inhibitor AG7088 via Asymmetric Dianionic Cyanomethylation of N‐Boc‐L‐(+)‐glutamic Acid Dimethyl Ester.
Authors: Tian Qingping , Nayyar Naresh K. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Hemisynthetic Manoyl Oxide Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Kalpoutzakis Eleftherios , Aligiannis Nektarios , Mitaku Sofia , Chinou Ioanna , Charvala Catherine , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of (4R,5R)‐ and (4S,5S)‐4,5‐Epoxy‐2(E)‐hexenoates and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Saotome Chikako , Ono Machiko , Akita Hiroyuki
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Portion of the Immunologic Adjuvant QS‐21A via Sulfonium‐Mediated Oxidative and Dehydrative Glycosylation.
Authors: Kim Yong‐Jae , Gin David Y.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Convenient Method for the Syntheses of 2,6‐Dideoxypyranoses, 3,6‐Dideoxypyranoses, and Azido (Amino) Analogues of 3,6‐Dideoxypyranoses.
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom , Clark Terri , Ngaara Mumbi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Conjugated exo‐Glycals.
Authors: Yang Wen‐Bin , Wu Chung‐Yi , Chang Che‐Chien , Wang Shwu‐Huey , Teo Chin‐Fen , Lin Chun‐Hung
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Loline, a Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid from Rye Grass and Tall Fescue.
Authors: Blakemore Paul R. , Kim Sung‐Kee , Schulze Volker K. , White James D. , Yokochi Alexandre F. T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of Murrayaquinone A and Furostifoline Through 4‐Oxygenated Carbazoles by Allene‐Mediated Electrocyclic Reactions Starting from 2‐Chloroindole‐3‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Hagiwara Hitomi , Choshi Tominari , Nobuhiro Junko , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Hibino Satoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Purine Receptor Affinity of 6‐Oxopurine Nucleosides and Nucleotides Containing (N)‐Methanocarbapseudoribose Rings.
Authors: Ravi Gnana , Lee Kyeong , Ji Xiao‐duo , Kim Hak Sung , Soltysiak Kelly A. , Marquez Victor E. , Jacobson Kenneth A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Properties of New 1β‐Methylcarbapenems Containing Heteroaromatic Thioether Moiety.
Authors: Shin Kye Jung , Koo Ki Dong , Yoo Kyung Ho , Kang Yong Koo , Park Sang Woo , Kim Dong Jin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐AIDS Agents. Part 47. Synthesis and Anti‐HIV Activity of 3‐Substituted 3′,4′‐Di‐O‐(S)‐camphanoyl‐(3′R,4′R)‐(+)‐cis‐khellactone Derivatives.
Authors: Xie Lan , Allaway Graham , Wild Carl , Kilgore Nicole , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Bonding in Group III Nitrides.
Authors: Costales Aurora , Blanco Miguel A. , Pendas Angel Martin , Kandalam Anil K. , Pandey Ravindra
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesemethoden für keramische Materialien. Hochtechnologiewerkstoffe
Authors: Riedel Ralf , Gurlo Aleksander , Ionescu Emanuel
Published: June 2010

Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der Synthesemethoden moderner technischer keramischer Materialien werden vorgestellt. Es werden insbesondere folgende Synthesemethoden gezielt angesprochen: Flammensynthese‐Verfahren, wässrige und nichtwässrige Sol‐Gel‐Techniken, Hydro‐ bzw. Solvothermalsynthesen, Polymer‐Pyrolyse‐Verfahren, und Hochdruckverfahren.
Noninvasive imaging with thallium‐201 scintigraphy may not correlate with survival in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Magnan Heather , Chou Alexander J. , Chou Joanne F. , Yeung Henry W.D. , Healey John H. , Meyers Paul A.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy is a strong prognostic factor for osteosarcoma (OS). Thallium‐201 (Tl‐201) scintigraphic response to initial chemotherapy has previously been described as a predictor of histologic response. In the current study, the authors re‐examined a series of patients studied using Tl‐201 scintigraphy to determine the correlation between changes observed on Tl‐201 scintigraphy and event‐free survival (EFS).

METHODS:

A total of 22 patients with biopsy‐proven OS of the extremity underwent Tl‐201 imaging before and immediately after preoperative chemotherapy. The maximum pixel counts taken over the tumor divided by those taken of a background region yielded a tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR). The percentage of change in the TBR before and after adjuvant chemotherapy, defined as the alteration ratio (AR), was correlated with EFS.

RESULTS:

The median AR was 85% (range, 28‐100%). The 3‐year EFS was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.48‐0.86) and the 5‐year EFS was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.43‐0.86). There was no association between AR and EFS detected in this cohort (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.02 [Somers rank correlation coefficient, 0.15]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although Tl‐201 scintigraphy was used as a tool for the assessment of response to chemotherapy in patients with OS, the AR did not appear to be predictive of EFS in this small group of patients. It is necessary to use the outcome variables of ultimate interest–EFS and overall survival– and not rely on surrogates for outcome to evaluate potential prognostic factors. Cancer, 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Synaptic drive at developing synapses: Transient upregulation of kainate receptors
Authors: van Zundert Brigitte , Zhao Jiang‐Ping , Constantine‐Paton Martha
Published: June 2010

At the onset of a period of intense synaptic refinement initiated by synchronized eye opening (EO), rapid changes in postsynaptic NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor currents (NMDARcs and AMPARcs) occur within the superficial visual layers of the rodent superior colliculus (sSC; Lu and Constantine‐Paton [2004]: Neuron 43:237–249). Subsequently, evoked non‐NMDARc amplitudes increase, but by 2 weeks after EO (AEO) they decrease significantly. Here, using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording, we demonstrate that small, slowly desensitizing excitatory kainate receptor currents (KARcs) are responsible for the rise and subsequent fall in non‐NMDARcs. The increase in KAR transmission parallels inhibitory GABAA responses that plateau at 7 days AEO. By 2 weeks AEO, KARcs are gone. AMPARcs remain unchanged during the appearance and disappearance of the KARcs, despite increases in sSC neuropil activity and continued refinement of inputs to individual sSC neurons. We suggest that in the interval of heightened activity, before SC inhibition matures, many AMPARcs desensitize and are relatively ineffective at relieving the Mg2+ block on NMDARs. This transient appearance of slowly desensitizing, long‐duration KARcs may provide increased membrane depolarization necessary for NMDAR function and continuation of synaptic refinement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 737–750, 2010
Hydraulic, physical and rheological characteristics of rain‐triggered lahars at Semeru volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Dumaisnil Céline , Thouret Jean‐Claude , Chambon Guillaume , Doyle Emma E. , Cronin Shane J. , Surono
Published: June 2010

Lahars (volcanic debris flows) have been responsible for 40% of all volcanic fatalities over the past century. Mount Semeru (East Java, Indonesia) is a persistently active composite volcano that threatens approximately one million people with its lahars and pyroclastic flows. Despite their regularity, the behaviour and the propagation of these rain‐triggered lahars are poorly understood. In situ samples were taken from lahars in motion at two sites in the Curah Lengkong River, on the southeast flank of Semeru, providing estimates of the particle concentration, grain size spectrum, grain density and composition. This enables us to identify flow sediment from three categories of lahars: (a) hyperconcentrated flow, (b) non‐cohesive, clast‐ and matrix‐supported debris flow, and (c) muddy flood. To understand hyperconcentrated flow sediment transport processes, it is more appropriate to sample the active flows than the post‐event lahar deposits because in situ sampling retains the full spectrum of the grain‐size distribution. Rheometrical tests on materials sampled from moving hyperconcentrated flows were carried out using a laboratory vane rheometer. Despite technical difficulties, results obtained on the <63, <180, and <400 µm fractions of the sampled sediment, suggest a purely frictional behaviour. Importantly, and contrary to previous experiments conducted with monodisperse suspensions, our results do not show any transition towards a viscous behaviour for high shear rates. These data provide important constraints for future physical and numerical modelling of lahar flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Africa's middle class women bring entrepreneurial opportunities in breast care medical tourism to South Africa
Authors: Ahwireng‐Obeng Frederick , van Loggerenberg Charl
Published: June 2010

Africa's distribution of specialized private health services is severely disproportionate. Mismatch between South Africa's excess supply and a huge demand potential in an under‐serviced continent represents an entrepreneurial opportunity to attract patients to South Africa for treatment and recuperative holidays. However, effective demand for intra‐African medical tourism could be constrained by sub‐Saharan poverty. Results from interviewing 320 patients and five staff at the Johannesburg Breast care Centre of Excellence, however, reject this proposition, Africa's middle class women being the target market estimated to grow annually by one million while breast cancer incidence increases with middle‐class lifestyles. Uncovering this potential involves an extensive marketing strategy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice—Evidence‐based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis
Authors: Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Bandarenko Nicholas , Kim Haewon C. , Linenberger Michael L. , Marques Marisa B. , Sarode Ravindra , Schwartz Joseph , Weinstein Robert , Shaz Beth H.
Published: June 2010

The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Apheresis Applications Committee is charged with a review and categorization of indications for therapeutic apheresis. Beginning with the 2007 ASFA Special Issue (fourth edition), the subcommittee has incorporated systematic review and evidence‐based approach in the grading and categorization of indications. This Fifth ASFA Special Issue has further improved the process of using evidence‐based medicine in the recommendations by refining the category definitions and by adding a grade of recommendation based on widely accepted GRADE system. The concept of a fact sheet was introduced in the Fourth edition and is only slightly modified in this current edition. The fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis. The article consists of 59 fact sheets devoted to each disease entity currently categorized by the ASFA as category I through III. Category IV indications are also listed. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2010. © 2010 American Society for Apheresis
Functional elucidation and methylation‐mediated downregulation of ITGA5 gene in breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐468
Authors: Fang Zhengyu , Yao Wantong , Xiong Yi , Zhang Jufeng , Liu Li , Li Jiana , Zhang Chao , Wan Jun
Published: June 2010

Expression level of integrin α5 in tumor cells has been indicated to be involved in cell proliferation and organ‐specific metastasis. We previously demonstrated that ITGA5 expression was downregulated in the high invasive MDA‐MB‐468 cells compared with other breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we found that the methylation status in the region around transcriptional start site of ITGA5 gene was increased in MDA‐MB‐468 cells. Overexpression of integrin α5 on MDA‐MB‐468 cells resulted in cell growth inhibition, which could be reversed by adhesion to fibronectin. Cell adhesion and spreading to fibronectin was enhanced after ITGA5 was overexpressed in MDA‐MB‐468 cells, while cell migration was attenuated. Knockdown of ITGA5 in MCF‐7 cells led to cell growth inhibition but had little influence on cell migration. These findings indicated the diverse roles of ITGA5 expression in breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1130–1141, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple mechanisms for exogenous heparin modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor activity
Authors: Wijelath Errol , Namekata Mayumi , Murray Jacqueline , Furuyashiki Mai , Zhang Siyuan , Coan Daniel , Wakao Masahiro , Harris Robert B. , Suda Yasuo , Wang Lianchun , Sobel Michael
Published: June 2010

Heparin and heparin‐like molecules are known to modulate the cellular responses to vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A). In this study, we investigated the likely mechanisms for heparin's influence on the biological activity of VEGF‐A. Previous studies have shown that exogenous heparin's effects on the biological activity of VEGF‐A are many and varied, in part due to the endogenous cell‐surface heparan sulfates. To circumvent this problem, we used mutant endothelial cells lacking cell‐surface heparan sulfates. We showed that VEGF‐induced cellular responses are dependent in part on the presence of the heparan sulfates, and that exogenous heparin significantly augments VEGF's cellular effects especially when endogenous heparan sulfates are absent. Exogenous heparin was also found to play a cross‐bridging role between VEGF‐A165 and putative heparin‐binding sites within its cognate receptor, VEGFR2 when they were examined in isolation. The cross‐bridging appears to be more dependent on molecular weight than on a specific heparin structure. This was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance binding studies using sugar chips immobilized with defined oligosaccharide structures, which showed that VEGF‐A165 binds to a relatively broad range of sulfated glycosaminoglycan structures. Finally, studies of the far‐UV circular dichroism spectra of VEGF‐A165 showed that heparin can also modulate the conformation and secondary structure of the protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 461–468, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro screening system for hepatotoxicity: Comparison of bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and Placenta‐derived stem cells
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jung , Cha Kyeung Eun , Hwang Seong‐Gyu , Kim Jin Kyeoung , Kim Gi Jin
Published: June 2010

Stem cells have unique properties such as self‐renewal, plasticity to generate various cell types, and availability of cells of human origin. The characteristics are attentive in the toxicity screening against chemical toxicants. Placenta‐derived stem cells (PDSCs) have been spotlighted as a new cell source in stem cell research recently because they are characterized by their capacity to differentiate into multilineages. However, the use of PDSCs as an in vitro screening model for potential drug candidates has not yet been studied. Here, we analyzed the potentials for bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem (BM‐MSCs), which is a representative adult stem cells and PDSCs as an in vitro hepatotoxicity screening system, using well‐known hepatotoxicants. BM‐MSCs and PDSCs were analyzed to the potential for hepatogenic differentiation and were cultured with different concentrations of hepatotoxicants for time courses. The viability and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters were measured by the MTT assay and RT‐PCR, respectively. The sensitivities of PDSCs to hepatotoxicants are more sensitive than those of BM‐MSCs. The viability (IC50) to in PDSCs was less than that of BM‐MSCs after 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05) of CCl4 exposure. The toxicities of CCl4 were decreased by fourfold in hepatogenic differentiation inducing PDSCs compared to the undifferentiated cells. The alteration of ABCGs was observed in PDSCs during differentiation. These findings suggest that the naïve PDSCs expressing ABCGs can be used as a source for in vitro screening system as well as the expression patterns of ABCG1 and ABCG2 might be involved in the sensitivity of PDSCs to hepatotoxicants. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 49–58, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of c‐Myb transcription factor is critical for PMA‐induced lysozyme expression in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Moon Uk Yeol , Bae Jung Ho , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Kim Hyun Jik , Kang Ju Wan , Yoon Joo‐Heon
Published: June 2010

Lysozyme is a major component of airway epithelial secretions, acts as cationic anti‐microbial protein for innate immunity. Although lysozyme plays an important role in airway defense and is a key component of airway secretions under inflammatory conditions, little is understood about the regulation of its expression and the associated signaling pathway. We wanted to examine whether Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), one of PKC activators, treatment of the airway epithelial cell line NCI‐H292 increases lysozyme gene expression. In this study, we sought to determine which signal molecules are involved in PMA‐induced lysozyme gene expression. We found that PKC and mitogen‐activating protein/ERK2 kinase are essential for PMA‐induced lysozyme expression and also mediate the PMA‐induced activation of c‐Myb protein. We identified a proximal region of the lysozyme promoter essential for promoter activity containing c‐Myb transcription factor binding site. Additionally, by site‐directed promoter mutagenesis, we identified that c‐Myb preferred the CAA motif of the −85/−73 region of the lysozyme promoter. Finally, we showed that overexpression of c‐Myb without PMA treatment increased the lysozyme promoter activity and protein expression. From these results, we conclude that PMA induces overexpression of lysozyme via ERK1/2 MAP kinase—c‐Myb signaling pathways in NCI‐H292 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 476–487, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatty acid‐induced oxidation and triglyceride formation is higher in insulin‐producing MIN6 cells exposed to oleate compared to palmitate
Authors: Thörn Kristofer , Bergsten Peter
Published: June 2010

Palmitate negatively affects insulin secretion and apoptosis in the pancreatic β‐cell. The detrimental effects are abolished by elongating and desaturating the fatty acid into oleate. To investigate mechanisms of how the two fatty acids differently affect β‐cell function and apoptosis, lipid handling was determined in MIN6 cells cultured in the presence of the fatty acids palmitate (16:0) and oleate (18:1) and also corresponding monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (16:1) and saturated fatty acid stearate (18:0). Insulin secretion was impaired and apoptosis accentuated in palmitate‐, and to some extent, stearate‐treated cells. Small or no changes in secretion or apoptosis were observed in cells exposed to palmitoleate or oleate. Expressions of genes associated with fatty acid esterification (SCD1, DGAT1, DGAT2, and FAS) were augmented in cells exposed to palmitate or stearate but only partially (DGAT2) in palmitoleate‐ or oleate‐treated cells. Nevertheless, levels of triglycerides were highest in cells exposed to oleate. Similarly, fatty acid oxidation was most pronounced in oleate‐treated cells despite comparable up‐regulation of CPT1 after treatment of cells with the four different fatty acids. The difference in apoptosis between palmitate and stearate was paralleled by similar differences in levels of markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells exposed to the two fatty acids. Palmitate‐induced ER stress was not accounted for by ceramide de novo synthesis. In conclusion, although palmitate initiated stronger expression changes consistent with lipid accumulation and combustion in MIN6 cells, rise in triglyceride levels and fatty acid oxidation was favored specifically in cells exposed to oleate. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 497–507, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrolysis of citrus peel naringin by recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase from Clostridium stercorarium
Authors: Kaur Aneet , Singh Satbir , Singh Ram S , Schwarz W H , Puri Munish
Published: June 2010

The citrus fruit processing industry generates substantial quantities of waste rich in glycosylated phenolic substances such as naringin, which are a valuable natural source of polyphenols as well as L‐rhamnopyranose. Naringin is the major polyphenol in bitter orange peel and its hydrolysis by α‐L‐rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40) catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal rhamnosyl groups to form prunin and rhamnose. In this work, a recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase from C. stercorarium was shown to be suitable for narigin hydrolysis. The recombinant rhamnosidase was found to be relatively stable at 60 °C, and a residual activity close to 50% after 180 min of incubation was demonstrated. The purified enzyme established hydrolysis of naringin extracted from citrus peel waste (CPW). The result indicated that recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase has industrial applicability and is an interesting candidate for producing rhamnose from citrus peel. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrasting fecal corticosterone metabolite levels in captive and free‐living colonial tuco‐tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis)
Authors: Woodruff Julie A. , Lacey Eileen A. , Bentley George
Published: June 2010

The environment in which an animal lives can profoundly influence its biology, including physiological responses to external stressors. To examine the effects of environmental conditions on physiological stress reactions in colonial tuco‐tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis), we measured glucocorticoid (GC) levels in captive and free‐living members of this species of social, subterranean rodent. Analyses of plasma and fecal samples revealed immunoreactive corticosterone (metabolites) to be the most prevalent GC in this species. An adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge confirmed that fecal corticosterone metabolites are responsive to exogenous stressors and provided validation of the commercial enzyme immunoassay kit used to detect these metabolites. Comparisons of adult female C. sociabilis from natural and captive environments revealed significantly higher baseline concentrations of corticosterone metabolites and significantly greater individual variation in metabolite concentrations among free‐living animals. These findings suggest that the natural environment in which these animals occur is more challenging and more variable than the captive housing conditions employed. In addition to providing the first evaluation of GC levels in captive and wild colonial tuco‐tucos, our findings indicate that the influence of environmental conditions on stress physiology may have important implications for understanding the social behavior of this species in the laboratory and the field. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:498–507, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic differentiation of liver-derived progenitor cells and their characterization by microRNA analysis
Authors: Chen Yixin , Zhou Hongchao , Sarver Aaron L. , Zeng Yan , Roy-Chowdhury Jayanta , Steer Clifford J. , Sahin Behnan M.
Published: June 2010

We recently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel population of progenitor cells called liver-derived progenitor cells (LDPCs), which could differentiate into functional hepatocytes in vitro. However, our original studies resulted in relatively low and variable hepatic differentiation efficiency without validation of in vivo potential of LDPCs. Here, we report an efficient and robust hepatic differentiation of LDPCs under well-defined culture conditions and in vivo differentiation of LDPCs to mature hepatocytes. In addition to morphological studies, we performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microRNA analyses of the in vitro hepatic differentiation of LDPCs to substantiate the efficiency of the differentiation process. The histological studies on the differentiated LDPCs showed that more than 50% of the cells were positive for albumin, cytokeratin 18, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α and contained glycogen particles, all consistent with differentiation to functional hepatocytes. We also demonstrated by RT-PCR that upon differentiation, they expressed several markers found in mature hepatocytes and the microRNA profile of LDPCs became similar to the profile of fresh hepatocytes, confirming our morphological findings. Finally, the transplantation of LDPCs in a dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient (DPPIV−/−) rat model showed that LDPCs were able to engraft and form mature hepatocytes in the livers of the DPPIV−/− rats. In summary, LDPCs are a unique population of liver progenitor cells capable of hepatic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, which makes them a potentially valuable resource for important applications such as pharmacological studies and cell therapies for a variety of liver disorders. Liver Transpl 16:1086-1097, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Uncertainty quantification models for micro‐scale squeeze‐film damping
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Li Jia , Xiu Dongbin , Alexeenko Alina
Published: June 2010

Two squeeze‐film gas damping models are proposed to quantify uncertainties associated with the gap size and the ambient pressure. Modeling of gas damping has become a subject of increased interest in recent years due to its importance in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS). In addition to the need for gas damping models for design of MEMS with movable micro‐structures, knowledge of parameter dependence in gas damping contributes to the understanding of device‐level reliability. In this work, two damping models quantifying the uncertainty in parameters are generated based on rarefied flow simulations. One is a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) model, which is a general strategy for uncertainty quantification, and the other is a compact model developed specifically for this problem in an early work. Convergence and statistical analysis have been conducted to verify both models. By taking the gap size and ambient pressure as random fields with known probability distribution functions (PDF), the output PDF for the damping coefficient can be obtained. The first four central moments are used in comparisons of the resulting non‐parametric distributions. A good agreement has been found, within 1%, for the relative difference for damping coefficient mean values. In study of geometric uncertainty, it is found that the average damping coefficient can deviate up to 13% from the damping coefficient corresponding to the average gap size. The difference is significant at the nonlinear region where the flow is in slip or transitional rarefied regimes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak, anisotropic symmetric formulations of Biot's equations for vibro‐acoustic modelling of porous elastic materials
Authors: Hörlin Nils‐Erik , Göransson Peter
Published: June 2010

In this paper a fully anisotropic symmetric weak formulation of Biot's equations for vibro‐acoustic modelling of porous elastic materials in the frequency domain is proposed. Starting from Biot's equations in their anisotropic form, a mixed displacement–pressure formulation is discussed in terms of Cartesian tensors. The anisotropic equation parameters appearing in the differential equations are derived from material parameters which are possible to determine through experimental testing or micro‐structural simulations of the fluid and the porous skeleton. Solutions are obtained by applying the finite element method to the proposed weak form and the results are verified against a weak displacement‐based formulation for a foam and plate combination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.