bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINAN METODE PEMBAYARAN AKUISISI DI INDONESIA: BUKTI EMPIRIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Rahmat , Nur Hasyim Valiant
Published: January 2020

This research purpose to examine what factor that determine method of payment acquisition in Indonesia. The period of sample during 2000-2017 and using multinomial logistic regression. There are 85 samples of transanctions (57 using cash payment, 18 using mix payment, and 10 using stock payment). Independent variables are market to book ratio, market capitalization, tobin’s Q, cash flow, and standard deviations of return. Acquirer Correlation as a control variable. This study find that market to book ratio has positive effect on stock and mix payment method than cash payment method at 10%. Tobin’s Q has positive effect on mix payment method than cash payment method at 10%.
SANAYİ VE HİZMET SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN KOBİ’LERİN İÇ PAZARDAKİ PAZARLAMA SORUNLARININ İNCELENMESİ VE KEŞİFSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BAKIR Nurettin Ozan , KONCUK Gözde
Published: January 2020

Globalleşme ile birlikte
dünya çapında birçok işletmenin aynı anda ürün/hizmet sunduğu günümüzde,
pazarda başarılı olabilmek için pazarlama araçlarının optimum şekilde
kullanılması gerekmektedir. Fakat ne yazık ki KOBİ’ler, kendilerine has
özellikleri ve problemlerinden dolayı pazarlama konusunda ciddi sorunlar
yaşamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, sanayi ve hizmet sektöründe faaliyet
gösteren KOBİ’lerin iç pazardaki pazarlama sorunları arasındaki farklılıkları
tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın yan amacını ise, çalışan sayısı, yıllık ciro,
pazarlama departmanı sahipliği, müşteri ve pazar veri tabanı sahipliği, aktif
iş planı sahipliği, üst yönetim seviyesine raporlama ve dış pazarlarda faaliyet
gösterme gibi genel özelliklere sahip KOBİ’lerin iç pazardaki pazarlama
sorunları arasındaki farklılıkları ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla, İTO üyesi 312
KOBİ üzerinde bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, sanayi ve
hizmet sektöründe faaliyet gösterenler KOBİ’ler arasında “Pazarlama
Araştırması ve Pazarlama Karması Sorunları” faktöründe arasında
farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte araştırmanın yan amacında
belirtilen unsurların bazıları ile hem “Pazarlama
Planları ve Stratejileri Sorunları” hem de ““Pazarlama Araştırması ve Pazarlama Karması Sorunları” faktörlerinde
farklılık tespit edilmiştir.
Mechanism of Electrocardiographic T-Wave Flattening in Diabetes Mellitus: Experimental and Simulation Study
Authors: SEDOVA K. A. , AZAROV J. E. , ARTEYEVA N. V. , OVECHKIN A. O. , VAYKSHNORAYTE M. A. , VITYAZEV V. A. , BERNIKOVA O. G. , SHMAKOV D. N. , KNEPPO P.
Published: January 2020

In the present study we investigated the contribution of ventricular repolarization time (RT) dispersion (the maximal difference in RT) and RT gradients (the differences in RT in apicobasal, anteroposterior and interventricular directions) to T-wave flattening in a setting of experimental diabetes mellitus. In 9 healthy and 11 diabetic (alloxan model) open-chest rabbits, we measured RT in ventricular epicardial electrograms. To specify the contributions of apicobasal, interventricular and anteroposterior RT gradients and RT dispersion to the body surface potentials we determined T-wave voltage differences between modified upper- and lower-chest precordial leads (T-wave amplitude dispersions, TWAD). Expression of RT gradients and RT dispersion in the correspondent TWAD parameters was studied by computer simulations. Diabetic rabbits demonstrated flattened T-waves in precordial leads associated with increased anteroposterior and decreased apicobasal RT gradients (P<0.05) due to RT prolongation at the apex. For diabetics, simulations predicted the preserved T-vector length and altered sagittal and longitudinal TWAD proven by experimental measurements. T-wave flattening in the diabetic rabbits was not due to changes in RT dispersion, but reflected the redistributed ventricular repolarization pattern with prolonged apical repolarization resulting in increased anteroposterior and decreased apicobasal RT gradients.
Osmanlı Devleti ve İran’da Ulemanın Meşrutiyet Algısı
Authors: ATUK Volkan
Published: January 2020

Osmanlı Devleti ve İran farklı dini, toplumsal ve siyasal yapılara sahip iki devlet olmasına rağmen, 19.yüzyılda batı tipi siyasal sistem değişikliği taleplerinin baskısı altında benzer politik süreçler yaşamıştır. Modernleşme yanlısı grupların öncülüğündebaşlayan, anayasalı meşruti bir düzen kurulması yönündeki talepler, geleneksel doğu toplumlarının önderi olan ulemanın da katılımı ile siyasi düzen değişikliklerine neden olmuştur. Kendi özgünlükleri içinde sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlerini yaşayan Osmanlı Devleti ve İran’da, toplumsal ve siyasal alandaki temel bazı benzerlik ve farklılıkları eş zamanlı olarak ele almak, karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısı ile ulemanın iki ülkede ki meşrutiyet taleplerine karşı olan bakış açılarını ve sonrasındaki siyasal konum alışlarını ortaya koymak çalışmanın temel amacıdır.
PERAN DAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM E-LEARNING
Authors: Nugraheni Endang
Published: January 2020

E-learning has been growing rapidly despite its pros and cons. Good e-learning is based on principles and pedagogy similar to other type of leaming. Align with the shift of educafional paradigm from teacher-centered to student-centered, sooner or later teachers should adapt themselves to the new roles. This article discusses teachers' roles and competencies related to e-learning.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: January 2020

The development of the character education still becomes the controversy among the educators, either from the theoretical or philosophical points of view. Actually, the core of the character education is not only viewed from philosophical difference, pedagogical ideology, or politics, but focused on the child development. Curriculum 2013 seeks to provide a problem-solving on the cultural matters and the national characters by integrating the characters / values /attitudes into the lessons, self-development, and the culture of the school. It is expected that a new generation of nation is developed in attitudes, knowledge, and skills. It has been clear that teachers thought, beliefs, and choices will influence their teaching practice. Therefore, it is necessary to build the views, beliefs, and positive selection within the teachers mind for the successful implementation of Curriculum 2013.

 

Perkembangan pendidikan karakter sampai sejauh ini masih penuh dengan kontroversi yang terutama berakar dalam berbagai perbedaan teoretis dan filosofis, meski sebenarnya inti dari pendidikan karakter tidak pada perbedaan filosofis, ideologi pedagogis, politik, dan sebagainya, melainkan tentang perkembangan anak. Kurikulum 2013 berupaya memberikan pemecahan persoalan budaya dan karakter bangsa dengan cara mengintegrasikan karakter/nilai/sikap ke dalam mata pelajaran, pengembangan diri, dan budaya sekolah, dengan harapan terbentuknya generasi baru bangsa yang utuh dalam sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Dengan menyadari bahwa pandangan, keyakinan, dan pilihan para guru akan berpengaruh pada praktek pembelajaran, maka perlu dibangun pandangan, keyakinan, dan pilihan yang positif dalam diri para guru demi keberhasilan implementasi Kurikulum 2013.
Text Mining in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Beneki Christina , Unger Stephan , Mazinani Maedeh Taj , Yeganegi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2020

Text mining in big data analytics is emerging as a powerful tool for harnessing the power of unstructured textual data by analyzing it to extract new knowledge and to identify significant patterns and correlations hidden in the data. This study seeks to determine the state of text mining research by examining the developments within published literature over past years and provide valuable insights for practitioners and researchers on the predominant trends, methods, and applications of text mining research. In accordance with this, more than 200 academic journal articles on the subject are included and discussed in this review; the state-of-the-art text mining approaches and techniques used for analyzing transcripts and speeches, meeting transcripts, and academic journal articles, as well as websites, emails, blogs, and social media platforms, across a broad range of application areas are also investigated. Additionally, the benefits and challenges related to text mining are also briefly outlined.
Biomimetic Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Binuclear Ruthenium (IV) Nitrido-Chloride Complex with Lithium Counter-Cations
Authors: Dzhabieva Zinaida M. , Shilov Gennady V. , Avdeeva Lidia V. , Dobrygin Vladislav V. , Tkachenko Virineya Yu. , Dzhabiev Taimuraz S.
Published: January 2020

The lithium salt of the binuclear nitrido complex of ruthenium (IV) Li3(Ru2NCl8·2H2O) was synthesized. Using UV spectroscopy and voltammetry, we studied complex behavior in aqueous solutions. It was found that in dilute solutions of this compound, Cl− ions are replaced by H2O molecules, and the intra-sphere redox reaction between Ru (IV) and H2O, as well as the oxidation of water with the formation of oxygen and the acidic dissociation of coordinated water molecules also have been taking place. It was established by IR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometric analysis that not only the binuclear structure of the complex is preserved in acidic solutions, but also its dimerization product into the tetra-ruthenium dinitrido cluster Ru4N2O5+, which is a catalyst for the water oxidation reaction. The activity of the catalyst was TOF = 0.33 s−1, TON = 304.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Climate in 2019
Authors:   Climate Editorial Office
Published: January 2020

The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not [...]
Hardening and Creep of Ion Irradiated CLAM Steel by Nanoindentation
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Wenbin , Yu Long , Chen Lirong , Sui Haonan , Duan Huiling
Published: January 2020

Ion irradiation, combined with nanoindentation, has long been recognized as an effective way to study effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties of metallic materials. In this research, hardening and creep of ion irradiated Chinese low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel are investigated by nanoindentation. Firstly, it is demonstrated that ion irradiation results in the increase of hardness, because irradiation-induced defects impede the glide of dislocations. Secondly, the unirradiated CLAM steel shows indentation creep size effect (ICSE) that the indentation creep strain decreases with the applied load, and ICSE is found to be associated with the variations of geometrical necessary dislocations (GNDs) density. However, ion irradiation results in the alleviation of ICSE due to the irradiation hardening. Thirdly, ion irradiation accelerates nanoindentation creep due to the large numbers of irradiation-induced vacancies whose diffusion controls creep deformation. Meanwhile, owing to the annihilation of vacancies, ion irradiation has a significant influence on the primary creep while only negligible influence has been observed for the steady-state creep.
High Genetic Diversity and No Evidence of Clonal Relation in Synchronous Thyroid Carcinomas Associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Molnár Csaba , Bádon Emese Sarolta , Mokánszki Attila , Mónus Anikó , Beke Lívia , Győry Ferenc , Nagy Endre , Méhes Gábor
Published: January 2020

The close association between pre-existing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer is well established. The simultaneous occurrence of multiple neoplastic foci within the same organ suggests a common genotoxic effect potentially contributing to carcinogenesis, the nature of which is still not clear. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a potent tool to demonstrate and compare the mutational profile of the independent neoplastic foci. Our collection of 47 cases with thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis included 14 with at least two tumorous foci. Detailed histological analysis highlighted differences in histomorphology, immunoprofile, and biological characteristics. Further, a 67-gene NGS panel was applied to demonstrate the mutational diversity of the synchronic tumors. Significant differences could be detected with a wide spectrum of pathogenic gene variants involved (ranging between 5 and 18, cutoff >5.0 variant allele frequencies (VAF)). Identical gene variants represented in both synchronous tumors of the same thyroid gland were found in only two cases (BRAF and JAK3 genes). An additional set of major driver mutations was identified at variable allele frequencies in a highly individual setup suggesting a clear clonal independence. The different BRAF statuses in coincident thyroid carcinoma foci within the same organ outline a special challenge for molecular follow-up and therapeutic decision-making.
Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Toothpaste with Swiss Medicinal Herbs towards Patients Suffering from Gingivitis and Initial Stage of Periodontitis: From Clinical Efficacy to Mechanisms
Authors: Kharaeva Zaira F. , Mustafaev Magomet Sh. , Khazhmetov Anzor V. , Gazaev Ismail H. , Blieva Larisa Z. , Steiner Lukas , Mayer Wolfgang , De Luca Chiara , Korkina Liudmila G.
Published: January 2020

Objective: To distinguish clinical effects and mechanisms of sodium monofluorophosphate plus xylitol and herbal extracts of Swiss medicinal plants (Chamomilla recutita, Arnica montana, Echinacea purpurea, and Salvia officinalis). Materials and Methods: A 2-month-long comparative clinical study of toothpaste containing 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate and xylitol (control, 15 patients) and toothpaste additionally containing extracts of the medicinal herbs (experiment, 35 patients) was performed on patients with gingivitis and the initial stage of periodontitis. Clinical indices of gingivitis/periodontitis were quantified by Loe & Silness’s, CPITN, OHI-S, and PMA indexes. The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins, nitrites/nitrates, total antioxidant activity, and bacterial pattern characteristic for gingivitis and periodontitis were quantified in the gingival crevicular fluid and plaque. In the in vitro tests, direct anti-bacterial effects, inhibition of catalase induction in Staphylococcus aureus, in response to oxidative burst of phagocytes, and intracellular bacterial killing were determined for the toothpastes, individual plant extracts, and their mixture. Results: Experimental toothpaste was more efficient clinically and in the diminishing of bacterial load specific for gingivitis/periodontitis. Although the control toothpaste exerted a direct moderate anti-bacterial effect, herbal extracts provided anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, direct, and indirect anti-bacterial actions through inhibition of bacterial defence against phagocytes. Conclusions: Chemical and plant-derived anti-bacterials to treat gingivitis and periodontitis at the initial stage should be used in combination amid their different mechanisms of action. Plant-derived actives for oral care could substitute toxic chemicals due to multiple modes of positive effects.
Learning in Feedforward Neural Networks Accelerated by Transfer Entropy
Authors: Moldovan Adrian , Caţaron Angel , Andonie Răzvan
Published: January 2020

Current neural networks architectures are many times harder to train because of the increasing size and complexity of the used datasets. Our objective is to design more efficient training algorithms utilizing causal relationships inferred from neural networks. The transfer entropy (TE) was initially introduced as an information transfer measure used to quantify the statistical coherence between events (time series). Later, it was related to causality, even if they are not the same. There are only few papers reporting applications of causality or TE in neural networks. Our contribution is an information-theoretical method for analyzing information transfer between the nodes of feedforward neural networks. The information transfer is measured by the TE of feedback neural connections. Intuitively, TE measures the relevance of a connection in the network and the feedback amplifies this connection. We introduce a backpropagation type training algorithm that uses TE feedback connections to improve its performance.
Complexity of Cardiotocographic Signals as A Predictor of Labor
Authors: Monteiro-Santos João , Henriques Teresa , Nunes Inês , Amorim-Costa Célia , Bernardes João , Costa-Santos Cristina
Published: January 2020

Prediction of labor is of extreme importance in obstetric care to allow for preventive measures, assuring that both baby and mother have the best possible care. In this work, the authors studied how important nonlinear parameters (entropy and compression) can be as labor predictors. Linear features retrieved from the SisPorto system for cardiotocogram analysis and nonlinear measures were used to predict labor in a dataset of 1072 antepartum tracings, at between 30 and 35 weeks of gestation. Two groups were defined: Group A—fetuses whose traces date was less than one or two weeks before labor, and Group B—fetuses whose traces date was at least one or two weeks before labor. Results suggest that, compared with linear features such as decelerations and variability indices, compression improves labor prediction both within one (C-Statistics of 0.728) and two weeks (C-Statistics of 0.704). Moreover, the correlation between compression and long-term variability was significantly different in groups A and B, denoting that compression and heart rate variability look at different information associated with whether the fetus is closer to or further from labor onset. Nonlinear measures, compression in particular, may be useful in improving labor prediction as a complement to other fetal heart rate features.
Quantifying Athermality and Quantum Induced Deviations from Classical Fluctuation Relations
Authors: Holmes Zoë , Hinds Mingo Erick , Chen Calvin , Mintert Florian
Published: January 2020

In recent years, a quantum information theoretic framework has emerged for incorporating non-classical phenomena into fluctuation relations. Here, we elucidate this framework by exploring deviations from classical fluctuation relations resulting from the athermality of the initial thermal system and quantum coherence of the system’s energy supply. In particular, we develop Crooks-like equalities for an oscillator system which is prepared either in photon added or photon subtracted thermal states and derive a Jarzynski-like equality for average work extraction. We use these equalities to discuss the extent to which adding or subtracting a photon increases the informational content of a state, thereby amplifying the suppression of free energy increasing process. We go on to derive a Crooks-like equality for an energy supply that is prepared in a pure binomial state, leading to a non-trivial contribution from energy and coherence on the resultant irreversibility. We show how the binomial state equality fits in relation to a previously derived coherent state equality and offers a richer feature-set.
Expected Income of New Currency in Blockchain Based on Data-Mining Technology
Authors: Li Xingzhou , Zeng Xin
Published: January 2020

In order to realize the understanding of expected returns after issuance of blockchain new currency initial coin offerings (ICO) and maximize investment returns, in this study, the Semantic Orientation Pointwise Mutual Information (SO-PMI) algorithm is used to create a customer emotional dictionary of blockchain new currency, and collect users’ online comments based on blockchain currency before ICO. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is used to construct an evaluation model, analyze and judge users’ comments, make accurate prediction of the expected return of ICO issuing new currency, improve investment operations, and maximize the return of investment. The results show that the combination of the SO-PMI and SVM algorithms can accurately evaluate the price after the issuance of new currency, and then realize the judgment of expected return and obtain the expected return of investment. It can be seen that the combination of algorithms based on data-mining technology is applied to the study of the expected return of new currency issuance in blockchain, which achieves the goal of revenue anticipation and greatly reduces the investment risk of new currency issuance in blockchain.
Solar Energy Data Analytics: PV Deployment and Land Use
Authors: Mancini Francesco , Nastasi Benedetto
Published: January 2020

EU targets for sustainable development call for strong changes in the current energy systems as well as committed protection of environmental resources. This target conflicts if a policy is not going to promote the compatible solutions to both the issues. This is the case of the additional renewable energy sources to be exploited for increasing the share in the electricity mix and in the gross final energy consumption. Solar energy is, currently, the cheapest solution in Southern European Countries, like Italy. In this paper, thanks to the availability of three open databases provided by National Institutions, the authors compared the historic trends and policy scenarios for soil consumption, electricity consumption, and renewable electricity production to check correlations. The provincial scale was chosen as resolution of the analysis. The deviations from the policy scenarios was then addressed to identify the demand for policy recommendations and pathways to promote in order to achieve the target for renewable electricity share as well as the reduction in soli consumption trend in 2030. The role of renewables integrated in the existing contexts, such as building integrated photovoltaics, is considered a key driver for solving this issue.
Electric Power System Operation Mechanism with Energy Routers Based on QoS Index under Blockchain Architecture
Authors: Gong Gangjun , Zhang Zhening , Zhang Xinyu , Mahato Nawaraj Kumar , Liu Lin , Su Chang , Yang Haixia
Published: January 2020

With the integration of highly permeable renewable energy to the grid at different levels (transmission, distribution and grid-connected), the volatility on both sides (source side and load side) leading to bidirectional power flow in the power grid complicates the control mechanism. In order to ensure the real-time power balance, energy exchange, higher energy utilization efficiency and stability maintenance in the electric power system, this paper proposes an integrated application of blockchain technology on energy routers at transmission and distribution networks with increased renewable energy penetration. This paper focuses on the safe and stable operation of a highly penetrated renewable energy grid-connected power system and its operation. It also demonstrates a blockchain-based negotiation model with weakly centralized scenarios for “source-network-load” collaborative scheduling operations; secondly, the QoS (quality of service) index of energy flow control and energy router node doubly-fed stability control model were designed. Further, it also introduces the MOPSO (multi-objective particle swarm optimization) algorithm for power output optimization of multienergy power generation; Thirdly, based on the blockchain underlying architecture and load prediction value constraints, this paper puts forward the optimization mechanism and control flow of autonomous energy coordination of b2u (bottom-up) between router nodes of transmission and distribution network based on blockchain.
Development of Shale Gas Prediction Models for Long-Term Production and Economics Based on Early Production Data in Barnett Reservoir
Authors: Nguyen-Le Viet , Shin Hyundon , Little Edward
Published: January 2020

This study examined the relationship between the early production data and the long-term performance of shale gas wells, including the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and economics. The investigated early production data are peak gas production rate, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month cumulative gas production (CGP). Based on production data analysis of 485 reservoir simulation datasets, CGP at 12 months (CGP_12m) was selected as a key input parameter to predict a long-term shale gas well’s performance in terms of the EUR and net present value (NPV) for a given well. The developed prediction models were then validated using the field production data from 164 wells which have more than 10 years of production history in Barnett Shale, USA. The validation results showed strong correlations between the predicted data and field data. This suggests that the proposed models can predict the shale gas production and economics reliably in Barnett shale area. Only a short history of production (one year) can be used to estimate the EUR and NPV of various production periods for a gas well. Moreover, the proposed prediction models are consistently applied for young wells with short production histories and lack of reservoir and hydraulic fracturing data.
Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for the EPS with Hybrid Power Supply Based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Tang Bin , Zhang Di , Jiang Haobin , Huang Yinqiu
Published: January 2020

The traditional vehicle power supply is unable to meet the power requirement of electric power steering system (EPS) in heavy-duty vehicles at low speeds. A novel EPS with hybrid power supply (HP-EPS) is constructed in this paper, and a new optimized rule-based energy management strategy of hybrid power supply system is designed. The strategy determines the power distribution of the vehicle power supply (VPS) and super capacitor (SC), as well as the charging or discharging of SC. Furthermore, to minimize the output current fluctuation of the VPS, the optimization model of parameters in the strategy is established and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the rules in the energy management strategy. The verification for the designed energy management strategy is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and results show that the output current peak of VPS decreases by 33% and its fluctuation depresses significantly. In addition, the SC is charged timely and fast, which is beneficial to guarantee enough state of charge (SOC) of SC. In conclusion, the optimized rule-based energy management strategy used for the HP-EPS system can meet the current requirement of EPS and effectively reduce the peak and fluctuation of the VPS output current.
A Partially Amended Hybrid Bi-GRU—ARIMA Model (PAHM) for Predicting Solar Irradiance in Short and Very-Short Terms
Authors: Jaihuni Mustafa , Basak Jayanta Kumar , Khan Fawad , Okyere Frank Gyan , Arulmozhi Elanchezhian , Bhujel Anil , Park Jihoon , Hyun Lee Deog , Kim Hyeon Tae
Published: January 2020

Solar renewable energy (SRE) applications are substantial in eradicating the rising global energy shortages and reversing the approaching environmental apocalypse. Hence, effective solar irradiance forecasting models are crucial in utilizing SRE efficiently. This paper introduces a partially amended hybrid model (PAHM) by the implementation of a new algorithm. The algorithm innovatively utilizes bi-directional gated unit (Bi-GRU), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and naive decomposition models to predict solar irradiance in 5-min and 60-min intervals. Meanwhile, the models’ generalizability strengths would be tested under an 11-fold cross-validation and are further classified according to their computational costs. The dataset consists of 32 months’ solar irradiance and weather conditions records. A fundamental result of this study was that the single models (Bi-GRU and ARIMA) outperformed the hybrid models (PAHM, classical hybrid model) in the 5-min predictions, negating the assumptions that hybrid models oust single models in every time interval. PAHM provided the highest accuracy level in the 60-min predictions and improved the accuracy levels of the classical hybrid model by 5%, on average. The single models were rigorous under the 11-fold cross-validation, performing well with different datasets; although the computational efficiency of the Bi-GRU model was, by far, the best among the models.
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Food Waste Fermentation for Value-Added Products
Authors: Muhammad Noor Intan Shafinas , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: January 2020

Food waste (FW) is one of the most critical problems in the world. Most FW will be sent to landfills, generally accompanying some significant disadvantages to the surrounding environment. Fermentation is considered as another disposal method to deal with FW. In this study, using a techno-economic analysis (TEA) method, an evaluation of the economic impact of three different scenarios of FW fermentation is carried out. A SuperPro Designer V9.0 simulation was used to model a commercial scale processing plant for each scenario, namely, a FW fermentation process producing hydrolysis enzymes and featuring a 2-step distillation system, a FW fermentation process without enzymes, using a 2-step distillation system, and a FW fermentation process without enzymes, using a 1-step distillation system. Discounted cash flow analysis is used to estimate the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP), where the lowest MESP result of $2.41/gal ($0.64/L) of ethanol is found for the second aforementioned scenario, showing that, even without enzymes in FW fermentation, the product cost can be competitive when compared to the other scenarios considered in this study. This project thus reflects a significant positive economic impact while minimizing the environmental footprint of a commercial production facility.
Research Review of a Vehicle Energy-Regenerative Suspension System
Authors: Lv Xueying , Ji Yanju , Zhao Huanyu , Zhang Jiabao , Zhang Guanyu , Zhang Liu
Published: January 2020

Vehicles are developing in the direction of energy-saving and electrification. suspension has been widely developed in the field of vehicles as a key component. Traditional hydraulic energy-supply suspensions dissipate vibration energy as waste heat to suppress vibration. This part of the energy is mainly generated by the vehicle engine. In order to effectively utilize the energy of this part, the energy-regenerative suspension with energy recovery converts the vibrational energy into electrical energy as the vehicle’s energy supply equipment. This article reviews the hydraulically powered suspension of vehicles with energy recovery. The importance of such suspension in vehicle energy recovery is analyzed. The main categories of energy-regenerative suspension are illustrated from different energy recovery methods, and the research status of hydraulic energy-regenerative suspension is comprehensively analyzed. Important factors that affect the shock-absorbing and regenerative characteristics of the suspension system are studied. In addition, some unresolved challenges are also proposed, which provides a reference value for the development of energy-regenerative suspension systems for hybrid new energy vehicles
Benzothiadiazole Based Cascade Material to Boost the Performance of Inverted Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Krassas Miron , Polyzoidis Christos , Tzourmpakis Pavlos , Kosmidis Dimitriοs M. , Viskadouros George , Kornilios Nikolaos , Charalambidis George , Nikolaou Vasilis , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Petridis Konstantinos , Stylianakis Minas M. , Kymakis Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

A conjugated, ladder-type multi-fused ring 4,7-dithienbenzothiadiazole:thiophene derivative, named as compound ‘T’, was for the first time incorporated, within the PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layer for inverted ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) realization. The effective energy level offset caused by compound T between the polymeric donor and fullerene acceptor materials, as well as its resulting potential as electron cascade material contribute to an enhanced exciton dissociation, electron transfer facilitator and thus improved overall photovoltaic performance. The engineering optimization of the inverted TOSC, ITO/PFN/PTB7:Compound T(5% v/v):PC71BM/MoO3/Al, resulted in an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.34%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.75 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V and a fill factor (FF) of 68.1%, under AM1.5G illumination. This photovoltaic performance was improved by approximately 12% with respect to the control binary device.
Energetic and Environmental Aspects of Individual Heat Generation for Sustainable Development at a Local Scale—A Case Study from Poland
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Michał , Sowiżdżał Anna , Tomaszewska Barbara
Published: January 2020

The housing sector, especially with respect to energy generation to provide heating and domestic hot water, has been identified, after transport, as contributing the most to air pollution and the occurrence of low emissions in Poland. In particular, this applies to areas where there is a lack of heating and gas networks. This paper presents the results of calculations relating to the emission of atmospheric pollutants (TSP—total suspended particles as particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, SOx—sulphur dioxide, NOx—nitrogen dioxide, CO—carbon monoxide) from individual sources of heat. The fact that a commune that does not have the network infrastructure, noted above, was taken into consideration, and the structure of heat generation was estimated on the basis of coal, fuel oil and biomass. The analysis was carried out taking into account the variable heat generation structure in households depending on the fuels used, including the heating values of fuels and the efficiency of heating devices. Based on the calculations carried out, an ecological effect was obtained by assuming the replacement of heat sources by devices with higher efficiency and also by considering the possibility of using heat pumps as a zero-emission solution in the households. This article attempts to answer the question posed by municipal authorities on how to limit the negative impact on the environment of individual heating devices in order to achieve sustainable development, including the specific conditions resulting from limited infrastructural opportunities.
Participatory Experimentation with Energy Law: Digging in a ‘Regulatory Sandbox’ for Local Energy Initiatives in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Waal Esther C. , Das Alexandra M. , van der Schoor Tineke
Published: January 2020

To facilitate energy transition, regulators have devised ‘regulatory sandboxes’ to create a participatory experimentation environment for exploring revision of energy law in several countries. These sandboxes allow for a two-way regulatory dialogue between an experimenter and an approachable regulator to innovate regulation and enable new socio-technical arrangements. However, these experiments do not take place in a vacuum but need to be formulated and implemented in a multi-actor, polycentric decision-making system through collaboration with the regulator but also energy sector incumbents, such as the distribution system operator. Therefore, we are exploring new roles and power division changes in the energy sector as a result of such a regulatory sandbox. We researched the Dutch executive order ‘experiments decentralized, sustainable electricity production’ (EDSEP) that invites homeowners’ associations and energy cooperatives to propose projects that are prohibited by extant regulation. Local experimenters can, for instance, organise peer-to-peer supply and determine their own tariffs for energy transport in order to localize, democratize, and decentralize energy provision. Theoretically, we rely on Ostrom’s concept of polycentricity to study the dynamics between actors that are involved in and engaging with the participatory experiments. Empirically, we examine four approved EDSEP experiments through interviews and document analysis. Our conclusions focus on the potential and limitations of bottom-up, participatory innovation in a polycentric system. The most important lessons are that a more holistic approach to experimentation, inter-actor alignment, providing more incentives, and expert and financial support would benefit bottom-up participatory innovation.
Feasibility Study of Activated Sludge/Contact Aeration Combined System Treating Oil-Containing Domestic Sewage
Authors: Chen Chih-Kuei , Liang Hung-Chih , Lo Shang-Lien
Published: January 2020

Both activated sludge/contact aeration (AS/CA) and AS-only systems for treating oil-containing domestic sewage were tested. The results of these tests indicate that the oil and grease removal ratios of the AS/CA system exceeded those of the AS-only system. When the influent oil and grease concentration reached 60 mg/L, the effluent concentration of the AS system was 13 mg/L, which exceed 10 mg/L, the Taiwan Effluent Standard for oil and grease. However, in the AS/CA system, the effluent oil and grease concentration was 8 mg/L, which was below the required standard. This study analyzes the biological phases of the AS-only system and the combined AS/CA system using a scanning electronic microscope and a denatured gradient gel electrophoresis method when the inflow concentration of oil and grease is increased to 120 mg/L. The results of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) experiment reveal that the AS/CA system is affected less than the AS system, and the COD removal rate of the AS/CA system is maintained at 81%, which exceeds that (61.5%) of the AS-only system. The analytical results thus obtained suggest that both the amounts of biological phase and the biomass in the combined AS/CA system exceed those of an AS-only system.
Identifying Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder via Parental Questionnaires. Spanish Reference Norms for the DCDDaily-Q-ES and Correlation with the DCDQ-ES
Authors: Montes-Montes Rebeca , Delgado-Lobete Laura , Pereira Javier , Schoemaker Marina M. , Santos-del-Riego Sergio , Pousada Thais
Published: January 2020

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in school-aged children, with major consequences in psychosocial and physical health. Adequate identification of this disorder is necessary to prompt effective interventions. The aims of this study were to develop the Spanish adjusted reference norms for the DCDDaily-Q and to test the correlation and agreement between the Spanish versions of the DCDDaily-Q (DCDDaily-Q-ES) and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-ES), two reliable instruments to assess motor performance and DCD. Clinically relevant percentiles were calculated for the DCDDaily-Q-ES using a representative sample of Spanish children aged 5 to 10 years (n = 356; M = 7.3 years, SD = 1.8; boys = 50%). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine correlation and agreement between questionnaires, respectively. A moderate and significant correlation and agreement between DCDDaily-Q-ES and DCDQ-ES was found (r = 0.406; ICC = 0.381; p < 0.001). Differences in daily participation and performance were found between age groups, but not between boys and girls. Spanish age-adjusted percentiles and cutoff scores for DCDDaily-Q-ES are provided. This study offers further validation and relevant information regarding assessment of DCD and has practical implications for clinical practice and research.
Nurses’ Experiences and Factors Related to Their Attitudes Regarding Discussions with Patients and Family Members about Do-Not-Resuscitate Decisions and Life-Sustaining Treatment Withdrawal: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Ting , Lin Ming-Hwai , Chen Chun-Ku , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Hwang Shinn-Jang
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ experiences and factors related to their attitudes regarding discussions of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (LST) with patients and their families. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. Nurses aged ≥ 20 years who were in charge of acute inpatient care were randomly recruited. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate participants’ experiences and attitudes regarding discussions of DNR and LST withdrawal for terminal patients. Logistic regression with adjustment for covariates was used to analyze factors related to participants’ attitudes toward discussions about DNR and LST withdrawal with patients and families in the future care of terminal patients. The participants were 132 nurses. They had significantly more discussions about DNR and LST withdrawal with patients’ families than with patients. Regression analysis showed that participants who had past experiences in actively initiating DNR discussions with patients or patients’ families were significantly more likely to discuss DNR with patients in the future care of terminal patients, but participants aged 40.0 to 60.0 years were significantly less likely to have DNR discussions than those aged 20.0 to 29.9 years. Experiences of actively initiated DNR or LST discussions with patients’ families were significantly more likely to discuss DNR with patients’ families, but those aged 40.0 to 60.0 years were also significantly less likely to have DNR discussions than those aged 20.0 to 29.9 years. Experience in actively initiating discussions about LST withdrawal with patients’ families, being male, and possessing an education level higher than university were significantly related to LST withdrawal discussions with terminal patients or their families in the future. In conclusion, there need to be more discussions about DNR and LST withdrawal with patients. To protect patients’ autonomy and their rights to make decisions about their DNR and LST, measures are needed to facilitate DNR and LST discussions with patients to ensure better end-of-life care.
Food Insecurity and Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Australia
Authors: Seivwright Ami N. , Callis Zoe , Flatau Paul
Published: January 2020

Research on food insecurity in Australia has typically relied on a single-item measure and finds that approximately 5% of the population experiences food insecurity. This research also finds that demographic characteristics such as household composition and marital status affect levels of food insecurity, independent of income level. The present study examines the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity in a cohort (n = 400) of people experiencing entrenched disadvantage in Perth, Western Australia. Using the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module, we find that food insecurity at the household, adult, and child level is at sharply elevated levels, with 82.8% of the sample reporting household food insecurity, 80.8% and 58.3% experiencing food insecurity among adults and children, respectively. Demographic characteristics do not significantly affect levels of food insecurity, and food insecurity is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Food insecurity is positively correlated with access to food emergency relief services, indicating that these services are being used by those most in need, but do not address the root causes of food insecurity. Policy and practice should focus on increasing stable access to adequate quantities and quality of food and addressing the structural causes of food insecurity.
Night-Time Shift Work and Related Stress Responses: A Study on Security Guards
Authors: Cannizzaro Emanuele , Cirrincione Luigi , Mazzucco Walter , Scorciapino Alessandro , Catalano Cesare , Ramaci Tiziana , Ledda Caterina , Plescia Fulvio
Published: January 2020

Work-related stress can induce a break in homeostasis by placing demands on the body that are met by the activation of two different systems, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Night-shift work alters the body’s exposure to the natural light–dark schedule and disrupts circadian (daily) rhythms. The greatest effect of night-shift work is the disruption of circadian rhythms. The impact that these disruptions may have on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, is unknown. This study aims to discover the relationship among three different job activities of security guards and their stress-related responses by evaluating salivary cortisol levels and blood pressure. Methods: Ninety security guards, including night-time workers and night-time and daily-shift workers, were recruited for this study. Each security guard provided two saliva samples before and after three scheduled time points: (i) at 22:00, (ii) at 06:30, and (iii) at 14:00. Results: The results of the study showed a significant alteration in cortisol levels. Night-time shift cortisol levels significantly increased before and after the work shifts. A physiological prevalence of the vagal tone on the cardiocirculatory activity was found during night-shift work. Conclusions: This study indicates that cortisol levels and blood pressure are sensitive markers of biological responses to severe work stress. Shift-change consequences may occur at the end of the night shift when there is a significant increase in the cortisol level and a significant variation in cardiovascular parameters.
Plasma MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 Responses to Exercise-Induced Muscle Injury
Authors: Kim Jooyoung , Lee Joohyung
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in response to strength recovery after eccentric exercise in humans. In this study, 16 healthy males participated and were divided into a faster recovery (FR) group (n = 8, >80% of baseline) and a slower recovery (SR) group (n = 8, <40% of baseline) on the basis of their recovery of maximal isometric strength (MIS) 96 h after eccentric exercise. For both groups, measurements were taken of muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 levels during the 24- to 96-h period after eccentric muscle contraction of their non-dominant elbow flexor. Muscle soreness (p < 0.001), CK activity (p < 0.01), and TGF-β1 level (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in the FR group compared with SR group, whereas no significant differences in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). These results suggest that scar tissue formation caused by the pro-fibrotic activity of growth factors such as TGF-β1 is a potential cause of delay in strength recovery after exercise-induced muscle injury.
Use of Medications by Breastfeeding Women in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Lutz Bárbara Heather , Bassani Diego Garcia , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena , Silveira Marysabel Pinto Telis , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Dal Pizzol Tatiane da Silva , da Silveira Mariângela Freitas , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: January 2020

Background: This study describes medication use by women up to 3 months postpartum and evaluates the association between medication use by women who were still breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum and weaning at 6 and 12 months. Methods: Population-based cohort, including women who breastfed (n = 3988). Medications were classified according to Hale’s lactation risk categories and Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria. Duration of breastfeeding was analysed using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves, including only women who were still breastfeeding at three months postpartum. Results: Medication use with some risk for lactation was frequent (79.6% regarding Hale’s risk categories and 12.3% regarding Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria). We did not find statistically significant differences for weaning at 6 or 12 months between the group who did not use medication or used only compatible medications and the group who used medications with some risk for lactation, according to both criteria. Conclusions: Our study found no association between weaning rates across the different breastfeeding safety categories of medications in women who were still breastfeeding at three months postpartum. Therefore, women who took medications and stopped breastfeeding in the first three months postpartum because of adverse side-effects associated with medications could not be addressed in this analysis.