bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Mrs. NN”, Correspondent of St. Theophan
Authors: Shcherbakova Marina I.
Published: March 2021

The article presents materials about Varvara Alexandrovna Iordan, a correspondent and spiritual daughter of St. Theophan, whose letters to her have been printed for over a century as “Letters to Mrs. NN.” Concealment of true names of St. Theophan’s correspondents was often dictated by the addressees themselves, who removed recognizable facts and details when preparing letters for publication. The name of “Mrs. NN” is defined by the mention of this person in a letter to V. V. Shvidkovskaya. By family ties V. A. Iordan (nee Pushchina) was connected with the family of the rector of St. Petersburg University P. A. Pletnev, thanks to whom she met her future husband, the famous engraver F. I. Iordan. The atmosphere of family happiness contributed to the successful work of Iordan on the second engraved portrait of N. V. Gogol, which is confirmed by previously unpublished letters from F. I. Iordan to F. V. Chizhov. Correspondence between V.A. Iordan and St. Theophan began in 1879, four years before the death of her husband. The surviving letters contain information on external events in the life of V.A. Jordan, her spiritual growth under the influence of St. Theophan; his recommendations and advice, assessments and judgments are invaluable. The letters contain many unique testimonies of how the life of the Vysha hermit proceeded in recent years.
The relationship between mixed vaginitis in late pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes：a cross-sectional study.
Authors: li huanrong , Dong Mengting , Xie Wenjuan , Qi Wenhui , Teng Fei , Li Huiyang , Yan Ye , Wang Chen , Han Cha , Xue Fengxia
Published: March 2021

Objective：To clarify the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors,
clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory features, and pregnancy outcomes
of women with mixed vaginitis during late pregnancy. Methods：The study
population consisted of 1103 women in late pregnancy who attended the
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2019 to
September 2020. Results：The incidence rate of mixed vaginitis during
late pregnancy is 4.1% (44/1075). The independent risk factors for
women with mixed vaginitis in late pregnancy are a positive glucose
tolerance test (OR = 2.697, 95% CI 1.293-5.625) and a history of
vaginitis during pregnancy (OR = 2.276, 95% CI 1.030-5.032). Compared
with women with single vaginitis, women with mixed vaginitis only have
statistically significant differences in the yellow discharge (77.3%
vs. 58.9%) and malodor (40.9% vs. 22.7%) (P＜0.05), so they are
easily confused with single vaginitis in clinical symptoms and signs.
Compared with women with single vaginitis, women with mixed vaginitis
have a significant difference in pH＞4.5 (72.7% vs. 36.2%) and
WBC＞10/hpf (81.8% vs. 38%) in laboratory examination(P＜0.05).
Therefore, laboratory diagnosis is the main method to distinguish single
and mixed vaginitis. Compared with women without vaginitis, women with
mixed vaginitis have an increased incidence of postpartum puerperal
infections (6.8% vs. 1%; P＜0.05). Conclusions：Mixed vaginitis in
late pregnancy leads to an increased incidence of puerperal infections.
Therefore, more attention should be paid to the early intervention of
mixed vaginitis during pregnancy to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Inferring epidemic containment probability from non-pharmaceutical interventions using a Gillespie-based epidemic model
Authors: Kawato Yasuhiko , Yamasaki Masatoshi , Matsuyama Tomomasa , Mekata Tohru , Ito Takafumi , Kamaishi Takashi
Published: March 2021

The Gillespie algorithm, which is a stochastic numerical simulation of
continuous-time Markovian processes, has been proposed for simulating
epidemic dynamics. In the present study, using the Gillespie-based
epidemic model, we focused on each single trajectory by the stochastic
simulation to infer the probability of controlling an epidemic by
non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The single trajectory analysis
by the stochastic simulation suggested that a few infected people
sometimes dissipated spontaneously without spreading of infection. The
outbreak probability was affected by basic reproductive number but not
by infectious duration and susceptible population size.　A comparative
analysis suggested that the mean trajectory by the stochastic simulation
has equivalent dynamics to a conventional deterministic model in terms
of epidemic forecasting. The probability of outbreak containment by NPIs
was inferred by trajectories derived from 1000 Monte Carlo simulation
trials using model parameters assuming COVID-19 epidemic. The
model-based analysis indicated that complete containment of the disease
could be achieved by short-duration NPIs if performed early after the
import of infected individuals. Under the correctness of the model
assumptions, analysis of each trajectory by Gillespie-based stochastic
model would provide a unique and valuable output such as the
probabilities of outbreak containment by NPIs.
Immunoprofiling reveals novel mast cell receptors and the continuous nature of human lung mast cell heterogeneity
Authors: Rönnberg Elin , Hao Daryl Boey Zhong , Ravindran Avinash , Säfholm Jesper , Orre Ann-Charlotte , Al-Ameri Mamdoh , Adner Mikael , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Dahlin Joakim , Nilsson Gunnar
Published: March 2021

Background: Immunohistochemical analysis of granule-associated proteases
has revealed that human lung mast cells constitute a heterogeneous
population of cells, with distinct subpopulations identified. However, a
systematic and comprehensive analysis of cell-surface markers to study
human lung mast cell heterogeneity has yet to be performed. Methods:
Human lung mast cells were obtained from lung lobectomies, and the
expression of 332 cell-surface markers was analyzed using flow cytometry
and the LEGENDScreen kit. Markers that exhibited
high variance were selected for additional analyses to reveal whether
they were correlated and whether discrete mast cell subpopulations were
discernable. Results: We identified the expression of 102 surface
markers on human lung mast cells. Several markers showed high continuous
variation in expression within the mast cell population. Six of these
markers were correlated: SUSD2, CD49a, CD326, CD34, CD66 and HLA-DR. The
expression of these markers was also correlated with the size and
granularity of mast cells. However, no marker produced an expression
profile consistent with a bi- or multimodal distribution. Conclusions:
LEGENDScreen analysis identified more than 100 cell-surface markers on
mast cells, including 23 that, to the best of our knowledge, have not
been previously described on human mast cells. Several of the newly
described markers are known to be involved in sensing the
microenvironment, and their identification can shed new light on mast
cell functions. The exhaustive expression profiling of the 332 surface
markers failed to detect distinct mast cell subpopulations. Instead, we
demonstrate the continuous nature of human lung mast cell heterogeneity.
Pneumomediastinum and Diffuse Subcutaneous Emphysema with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Requiring Operative Management for Impending Airway Collapse: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Kevin , Stefaniak Chris , Bunch Connor , March Robert , Zamlut Mahmud , Raza Syed , Osario Walter , Korzan Josh , Show Jeffery , Mjaess Nicolas , Patel Shivani , Zackariya Sufyan , Sualeh Ali , Wiarda Grant , Al-Fadhl Hamid , Thomas Anthony , Khan Rashid , Gillespie Laura , Walsh Mark
Published: March 2021

Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that has increased in
incidence with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although
traditionally managed with conservative measures, we present the
indications and methods for the first operative management of tension
pneumomediastinum with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Overbidding in Mergers and Acquisitions: An Accounting Perspective
Authors: Bartov Eli , Cheng C. S. Agnes , Wu Hong
Published: March 2021

Does accounting regime play a role in the well-documented phenomenon of overbidding in M&As? The 2001 regulatory change from a goodwill amortization to a non-amortization regime (SFAS 142) affords us a quasi-experimental setting for testing the consequences of M&A accounting rules for acquirers' bidding decisions. Relying on a novel approach to modeling optimal bidding, our primary finding indicates a significant increase in overbidding in the post-2001 period, suggesting that M&A accounting has real consequences for bidding decisions, and that this result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests. In addition, supplementary tests show that overbidding is more pronounced in pooling versus purchase transactions, and that the accounting regime's implications for overbidding and acquisition premium are distinct. Overall, our findings shed light on the role accounting plays in shaping managerial decisions—and, ultimately, shareholder wealth—in an important corporate setting. They may thus inform researchers, corporate boards, and standards setters.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G34, M41.
Suomalaisten luottamus instituutioihin ja asiantuntijoihin COVID19-pandemiassa
Authors: Jallinoja Piia , Väliverronen Esa
Published: March 2021

Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitämme suomalaisten luottamusta instituutioihin, asiantuntijoihin ja uutismediaan koronakriisin käsittelyssä sekä yksilön vapauteen ja vastuuseen liittyviä asenteita huhtikuussa ja kesäkuussa 2020. Tulosten mukaan suomalaiset luottivat varsin vahvasti hallitukseen, viranomaisiin sekä THL:n ja yliopistojen tutkijoihin kriisin käsittelyssä. Samoin Yle Uutisiin ja MTV Uutisiin luotettiin kriisin raportoinnissa. Enemmistö vastaajista pyrki noudattamaan viranomaisohjeita ja hyväksyi yksilöiden vapauksien rajoitukset epidemian hallitsemiseksi. Enemmistö piti koronarokotuksista kieltäytyjiä vastuuttomina, mutta samalla enemmistö uskoi, että koronarokotusten tulisi olla vapaaehtoisia. Tutkimme tarkemmin sitä, ketkä luottivat eniten ja ketkä vähiten mainittuihin tahoihin. Naiset suhtautuvat miehiä myönteisimmin THL:n toimintaan ja Yle Uutisiin, miehet puolestaan sosiaalisen median vaikuttajiin. Perussuomalaiset erosivat lähes kaikkien muuttujien suhteen muista puolueista: he olivat kriittisimpiä THL:ää, STM:ää, Yle Uutisia sekä viranomaisten rokotetietoa kohtaan. Lopuksi pohdimme, miten voimme näiden tulosten valossa tulkita väitteitä tieteen ja asiantuntijoiden arvostuksen laskusta. Pohdimme myös sitä, muuttiko koronakriisi suomalaisten suhtautumista kansallisiin instituutioihin.
The Effect of Price Perception, Brand Image and Personal Selling on the Repurchase Intention of Consumers B to B of Indonesian General Fishery Companies with Customer Satisfaction as Intervening Variables
Authors: Prihatini Wenny , Gumilang Dendy Anggi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of Price Perception, Brand Image and Personal Selling on Repurchase Intention of B to B Consumers in Indonesian Fisheries Public Companies (Perum) with Consumer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. The population in this study were 228 Perum Perindo consumers according to the company's internal data in 2019. The research sample who became respondents in this study was adjusted to 100 consumers. The analytical method used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis method. The results showed that (1) Price Perception has a significant influence on B2B Consumer Satisfaction, (2) Brand Image has a significant influence on B2B Consumer Satisfaction, (3) Personal Selling has a significant influence on B2B Consumer Satisfaction, (4) Consumer Satisfaction has an effect Significant on B2B Repurchase Intention, (5) Price Perception has a significant effect on Repurchase Intention with B2B Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable, (6) Brand Image has a significant effect on Repurchase Intention with B2B Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable, and (7) Personal Selling has a significant effect on Repurchase Intention with B2B Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable.
Family Poultry (FP) as a Tool for Improving Gender Equity and Women’s Empowerment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Soshe , Begum Maksuda , Khatun Afia , Gofur Md. R , Azad Md. TA , Kabir Aurangazeb , Haque Tasmin S.
Published: March 2021

The study assessed the integrated gender issues of family poultry production in developing countries with evidence in Bangladesh. The result draws attention to the widespread acknowledgment of the critical roles of gender in family poultry production system. The results show that women hold the maximum of the ownership (90.58%, p=0.0001) and responsible for the caring of (93.94%, p=0.0001) family poultry in Bangladesh, likewise other developing countries. The result reveals that women control over the decision-making for the selling of eggs and birds in Bangladesh. Women mostly (94.58%) hold the knowledge useful in the prevention and treatment of poultry illness; however, their role was found low (3.46%) in buying medicine and vaccines for poultry as compared to men (96.54%) in Bangladesh. The findings show that women were nearly two times more willing than men to adopt improved rearing technologies related to family poultry production. Both women and men are impacted indifferently by lower adoption of scientific poultry-keeping technologies. Women are independently facing more problems in access to knowledge, training, services, marketing systems, and financial services related to family poultry production. Despite having many limitations, it is clear that family poultry empowers women through asset accumulation and increasing their decision-making ability in the families and the broader community. The study also highlights the necessity of considering an engendered approach in policy and operational level for the family poultry development.
Desafio estético frente a diferentes substratos – relato de caso
Authors: Ângelos Thays Maria Veiga da Silva , Cuadros-Sanchez Johanna , Ilkiu Rodrigo Ehlers , Higashi Cristian , Sakamoto Junior Antonio S.
Published: March 2021

Achieving aesthetic and functional result is a major challenge in oral rehabilitation, as the constant search for a harmonic smile raises patients level of demand and expectation. Restoring anterior teeth with aesthetics and predictability is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary dentistry and to know how to select the most suitable ceramic system and to have knowledge, controlling the variables at the time of adhesive cementation such as treatment of dental substrate surfaces and ceramic restoration will define the longevity and success of the restorative treatment. Therefore, the present article describes a rehabilitation with ceramic restorations on upper anterior teeth, seeking smile harmonization. It was emphasized clinical applicability in face of aesthetic challenge for different substrates, how to achieve predictable results with ceramic laminates associated with the lithium disilicate crown, and a crown with zirconia coping and laminate on it to mask the implant. This material presents excellent reproduction of dental structure optical properties in addition to high fracture resistance. A very pleasant aesthetic result was achieved, and also aesthetic harmonization of the rehabilitated teeth, restoring not only the aesthetic and saturation of the substrate, but promoting patient well-being associated with masticatory function and longevity for this clinical situation.
Resistência à compressão de compósitos de preenchimento único
Authors: de Jesus Ricardo Huver , Pires Pâmela Rodrigues , Silva Raquel Cavallini , Manfioletti Suyanni Chieppe dos Santos , Silva Carlos Frederico Bettcher , Maciel Lucas Campagnaro
Published: March 2021

A new class of composite resins called single fill resins (Bulk-Fill) was proposed to simplify restorative procedures. They allow filling dental cavities in layers of approximately 4mm. This study aims to compare the compression strength of single fill composites with different polymerization times. Four Bulk-Fill composites were used Filtek Bulk-Fill, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Flow Bulk-Fill, and also a conventional composite Filtek Z350 XT as a control group. One hundred cylinders were manufactured in a matrix with 4.7mm diameter and 4mm height for Bulk-Fill compounds, and 2mm height for the control group. Half of the specimens of each material was photopolymerized for 10 seconds and the other half for 20 seconds (n = 10). The samples were stored in distilled water for 48 hours at 37°C and subjected to compression testing in a universal test machine. Variance analysis was performed with t-test of multiple comparisons between groups and student t-test for the different polymerization times with significance index p=0.05. The results did not show statistically significant difference in relation to polymerization time. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow groups, which presented higher strenght to compression than the Filltek Bulk-Fill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Flow Bulk-Fill groups. The type of resin can influence its resistance to fracture. The polymerization time did not have any influence in the materials strength.
Reabilitação implantossuportada de molar superior com implante cônico interno de diâmetro extra-largo – relato de caso
Authors: Thomé Geninho , de Moura Marcos Boaventura , Uhlendorf Jean , Cartelli Carolina Accorsi , Trojan Larissa Carvalho , Bernardes Sérgio Rocha
Published: March 2021

Tooth loss can occur due to several factors including dental caries. Immediate replacement of posterior teeth with dental implants facilitates to plan and to obtain consistent results with good prognosis. Factors such as minimally traumatic extraction, primary implant stability, maintenance of proximal bone ridges, buccal and lingual bone plates, in addition to a temporary or customizable component for tissue stabilization are important parameters to make the case predictable. The immediate technique for implants placement in the posterior regions has been described in the literature since the 1990s, presenting a high success rate and predictability of patients rehabilitation with shorter waiting times and maintenance of soft and bone tissue architecture. This study reports a clinical case of extraction of an upper molar tooth (26) with dental caries and placement of an extra-wide diameter implant, followed by filling of the surgical alveolar socket with bioactive calcium phosphate ceramic and placement of a customizable healing abutment. Clinical and radiographic control was performed after 8 months with success, with maintenance of soft tissue and marginal bone.
Síndrome de Gardner – relato de caso
Authors: Silva Tamile Sousa , Santos Luciano Cincurá Silva , Ismerim Adna Barros , Carneiro Junior Bráulio
Published: March 2021

The Gardner’s syndrome is described as a rare genetic disease resulting from mutations of the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene located in chromosome 5q21. This syndrome is a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis associated with intestinal polyps, mandible osteomas, epidermoid cysts, impacted teeth, and supernumerary among other clinical findings. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of a 12-year-old female patient diagnosed with the Gardner’s syndrome who searched the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service of Vitoria da Conquista General Hospital complaining of aesthetic alteration in the face. Clinically, there was a hardened mass in the mandibular body region in the right side, painless to palpation. Through computed tomography it was possible to identify the presence of bone lesions, the largest one located in the right mandibular body. With a diagnostic hypothesis of osteoma, the patient was submitted to surgery for mandible tumors resection with subsequent follow-up by the surgeon. The case highlights the importance of knowledge and proper management of the oral and maxillofacial alterations involved in this pathology.
Pain assessment after application of 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100000 during mandibular dental procedures
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Adel , del Valle Samuel Urbano , Trespalacios Johnatan Zambrano
Published: March 2021

Inferior alveolar nerve block in the mandibular technique is the blockade that presents most failures in the dental practice, so this technique is considered the less effective of those used in Dentistry and the most frustrating to the dentist. This study aimed to determine pain intensity during dental procedures after using 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100000 in the inferior alveolar nerve block with buccal infiltration in patients who were attended in the dental clinic of the University of Cartagena, Colombia. A clinical randomized trial was performed. The sample was of patients who required dental procedures in the jaw with local anesthesia. After standardization of the anesthetic technique, and use of 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100000, the inferior alveolar nerve was blocked with 0.9 mL (half cartridge) followed by buccal infiltration with 0.9 mL in the first mandibular molar. Fifty patients (30 men - 60% and 20 women - 40%), with an average age of 25.3 years old (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 25.3 ± 6.6) were included in the study. When assessing the pain puncture and during the injection, 92% of patients classified it as mild pain according to VAS. When evaluating the latency period, the average time was less than two minutes and the perioral soft tissue anesthesia was 97%. Only a small percentage of patients required complementary anesthesia. The authors recommend the use of 4% of articaine with epinephrine in mandibular procedures that require deep pulp anesthesia, using this with a buccal infiltration.
O uso de membrana de colágeno de pericárdio bovino na regeneração óssea: características e relato de caso
Authors: Mizutani Fábio Shiniti , Ciotti Danilo Lazzari , Reino Danilo Maeda , De Faveri Marcelo
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article was to describe the use of the bovine pericardium collagen membrane and to present its physical-chemical characteristics through laboratory tests, in addition to a case report proving its clinical performance. Called native collagen membranes from the animal pericardium, this product has ideal characteristics for promoting bone neoformation in grafting procedures for volumetric augmentation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests showed the organization of collagen fibers, and tensile tests pointed an adequate resistance to the mechanisms of graft stabilization, through sutures, screws or pins. Within the limitations of this article, it was possible to conclude that the bovine pericardium collagen membrane has the appropriate characteristics for use in guided bone regeneration procedures, with efficient handling, stability, and predictability.
CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF SERUM FIBROSIS DIRECT BIOMARKERS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES IN CHILDREN
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Kulebina E.A. , Surkov A.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Alyabeva N.M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Zubkova I.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Zhuzhula A.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

It is assumed that serum concentrations of type I, III, IV collagen (Col I, Col III, Col IV) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can provide informative evidence for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis (LF) using non-invasive procedures, however, there is insufficient data on the subject in paediatrics. Objectives: to study characteristics of changes in concentrations of Col I, Col III, Col IV and HA in blood serum in accordance with the stages of liver fibrosis in children. Materials and methods of research: a prospective study was carried out, which included 80 patients aged 5 to 17 years with chronic liver diseases of various etiologies, who underwent marginal resection of liver tissue under laparoscopic control, then a morphological study of the obtained biopsy was performed with determination of the stage of fibrosis on the METAVIR scale and the content of Col I, Col III, Col IV and HA in blood serum by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Results: the assessment of the content of K-I in the blood serum allows differentiating the stage F1 and F3 from F4 (p=0,025, p=0,006), Col IV – F1 from F2 (p=0,011), F3 (p=0,002) and F4 (p<0,001), HA – F1 from F3 (p=0,041), and also F4 from F1 (p<0,001), F2 (p<0,001) and F3 (p<0,001). There were no statistically significant differences in the content of Col III at different stages of LF (p=0,061). Statistically significant correlations of the histological stage of LF with changes in serological levels of Col I (ρ=–0,267, p=0,023), Col IV (ρ=0,409, p<0,001), and HA (ρ=0,575, p<0,001), and also the relationship between the concentrations of Col IV and HA (ρ=0,265, p=0,023). Conclusions: the correlations found in the histological phase of LF with changes in serological levels of Col I, Col IV and HA lead to the conclusion that fibrosis direct biomarkers are of diagnostic importance in determining the stage of LF, which is of great importance for practical medicine, especially in pediatrics.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS CAUSED BY FOOD ALLERGIES
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Kozlova E.V. , Borovik T.E. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Zvonkova N.G. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Fisenko A.P. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Bushueva T.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   Academician N.P. Bochkov Research Centre of Medical Genetics (RCMG) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Skvortsova V.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Oblast Regional Scientific and Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia, Guseva I.M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Roslavtseva E.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Lukoyanova O.L. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Kazyukova T.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Murashkin N.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   FSBI of Additional Professional Education "Central State Medical Academy" with the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Opryatin L.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of food allergy (FA) among children with atopic dermatitis (AD) ranges from 26 to 38%. The article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the peculiarities of the AD flowing from the FA in children, in which the withdrawal diet plays a leading role in elimination diet. The complete or partial exclusion of one or several foods from the diet contributes to an insufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, which can lead to a decrease not only in body weight, but also in a delay in the growth of children, as well as in decrease in parameters of bone mineral density. According to research results, the intake of calcium and vitamin D in children with AD and FA is below the recommended levels. The serum 25(OH)D level in these patients is lower than in the general population and is inversely proportional to the SCORAD index. Vitamin D supplementation improves the effectiveness of treatment, helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of AD, as evidenced by a decrease in indicators of both the SCORAD index and the EASI index. The timely and adequate correction of the diets of children with FA who follow strict elimination diets requires an interdisciplinary approach in close cooperation between the pediatrician, allergist and nutritionist.
PROBLEMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY AND AUTOINFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOLOGY: LESSONS FROM CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors:   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia, Nasonov E.L. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

According to modern concepts, human immuno-inflammatory diseases, depending on the prevailing mechanisms of immunity activation, are divided into two main categories: autoimmune and auto-inflammatory, related to the activation of acquired and congenital immunity respectively. Autoimmunity and autoinflammation are particularly prevalent in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMRD), deciphering of the pathogenesis, expanding diagnostic capabilities and developing new treatment methods are among the priorities of medicine in the XXI century. The development of various immunopatological disorders, that determine the prognosis in patients with COVID-19 served as the basis for the drug repurposing of anti-inflammatory drugs previously specially developed for the treatment of IMRD. This is a vivid example of the demand for new medical technologies for the treatment not only of IMRD, but also of COVID-19 and, in the future, of other virus-induced immune diseases.
HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS (EXOGENOUS ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS) IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Yaroslavl City Central Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Asherova I.K. , Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Illarionova T.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

А bibliographical review, based on domestic and foreign data, provides up-to-date information on hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, exogenous allergic alveolitis) in children. It presents the current data on epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, therapy, prevention and prognosis of the disease. A computed tomographic semiotics of HP is described in full details in comparison with data on morphology and histopathological patterns of the disease. This review includes classification criteria for the disease for diagnosis of reliable, probable and possible HPs to be verified. Information on the treatment and prevention of the disease is presented in an evidence-based medicine context.
NEW IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Budkina T.N. , Makarova S.G. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Lokhmatov M.M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Oldakovsky V.I. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Tupylenko A.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia, Mukhametova E.M. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this review is to present the latest data on the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children, a disease that according to modern concepts belongs to gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy. The topics of clinical manifestations of the disease in children, including impacts on different age groups, and questionnaires for assessing symptoms are highlighted. The emphasis is made on possible causal allergens in EoE children concomitant to allergic pathology. The endoscopic semiotics of EoE is described in detail, as well as the endoscopic and morphological classifications applied. The diagnostic algorithm in case of suspected EoE in children is presented in accordance with modern consensus recommendations. Areas of future research are minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, as well as genetic research.
GLUCOSAMINYLMURAMYLDIPEPTIDE: REVIEW OF USE AND EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors:   Non-state Private Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education ", Prodeus A.P. ,   Higher Medical School",   , Moscow, Russia, Gildeeva G.N. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Mamilyaeva D.R. ,   Peptek, JSC, Pharmaceutical Company, Moscow, Russia, Kozlov I.G. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology with the National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

A review of the accumulated data on the use of glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (GMDP, Likopid drug) and the assessment of its effectiveness in children are presented. Objective of the research: to systematize the results of clinical trials of the efficacy and safety of GMDP therapy in neonatology and pediatrics. Materials and methods. Publications were searched for in Pubmed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Elibrary.ru, registers of clinical trials and in open sources on the Internet. The authors assessed the level of evidence for reliability and the methodological quality of the studies. Results. The screening resulted in selection of 38 clinical trials with satisfactory methodological quality and a total of 2,692 0-18 year old patients. The effectiveness of use of GMDP (Likopid) as part of complex therapy for infectious diseases of the respiratory tract (2A), allergy-related diseases (2A), herpesvirus infection (3B), dysbiosis/dysbacteriosis (3B), and newborn respiratory distress syndrome (2B) has been demonstrated. The safety assessment is given in 7 studies, of which 5 confirmed absence of any adverse events. Scope of application. The results of the review enable practitioners to prescribe GMDP (Likopid) based on the levels of evidence. The existence of evidence base for the use of GMDP in newborns allows us to raise the question of restoring appropriate indications in the Instructions for Medical Use. Conclusions. For a number of nosologies, further studies of modern design, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, are required to assess the efficacy and safety of GMDP for good clinical practice in neonatology and pediatrics.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULINS FOR INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION IN VARIOUS PATHOLOGIES
Authors:   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Vakhlayrskaya S.S. ,   Chair of Clinical Immunology of the Medical-Biological Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kostyleva M.N. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Clinical Pharmacology of the General Medicine Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Botkina A.S. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Hospital Pediatrics No. 1 named after Academician V.A. Tabolin of the Pediatric Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Ilyina E.S. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics named after L.O. Badalyan of the Pediatric Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Donyush E.K. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Hospital Pediatrics No. 2 of the Pediatric Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kondratenko I.V. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Clinical Immunology of the Medical-Biological Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) – a blood product prepared from the serum of many healthy donors, is the mainstay of therapy for treatment of primary immunodeficiencies, is increasingly used in various fields of medicine. The article reflects practical aspects of use of this group of drugs in a multidisciplinary pediatric hospital not only taking the therapy of defects of the immune system as an example, but also oncohematological, neurological, dermatological diseases, including orphan diseases. The modern data on the mechanisms of action of immunoglobulins, schemes of use for various pathologies are presented. The issues of safety of application, interchangeability of immunoglobulins from different manufacturers are considered.
DEFICIENCY OF LRBA: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW AND CASE REPORT
Authors:   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Kondratenko I.V. ,   Department of Immunology with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Vakhlayrskaya S.S. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Department of Immunology with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Rogozhin D.V. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Chair of Pathological Anatomy of the General Medicine Department with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Since the description of the first primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in the 50–60s of the last century, they have been the subject of intensive research aimed at elucidating their etiology and finding effective treatments. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods made it possible to reveal the genetic basis of many new forms of PID, which were previously attributed to various syndromes due to their clinical and immunological characteristics. An example of such a PID is the LRBA (the lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein) deficiency, sometimes called LATAIE [LRBA deficiency with autoantibodies, regulatory T (Treg) cell defects, autoimmune infiltration, and enteropathy]. The article provides information on the main role of the LRBA molecule in the functions of immunocompetent cells, describes immunological disorders and clinical manifestations of LRBA deficiency and the principles of treatment of diseases. Two own observations of LRBA deficiency are presented.
LAPAROSCOPIC LIVER RESECTIONS IN CHILDREN: THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors:   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Akhaladze D.G. , Rabaev G.S. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Tverdov I.V. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Grachev N.S. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Over the past 2 decades the minimally invasive liver resections have become preferable in liver tumors surgery in adult patients. Indications for minimally invasive operations in pediatric surgery are actively extending, but the number of such reports remains limited. The slow pace of broad application of laparoscopic hepatectomy in children is explained, first of all, by the limited space in abdominal cavity of children, and lower prevalence of liver tumors in the pediatric population. This review analyzes the evolution of laparoscopic liver resections in adults and possibilities of applying this experience to pediatric hepatic surgery.
CLINICAL CASES OF DETECTION OF CHROMOSOMALLY INTEGRATED HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 6 IN TWO CHILDREN
Authors:   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Zinovieva N.V. , Gordukova M.A. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia, Barabanova O.V. ,   G.N. Speransky City Children’s Hospital No. 9, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

The article describes two clinical observations of the detection of chromosomally integrated human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6). In both cases, the children were referred to an immunologist with a diagnosis of chronic infection caused by the human herpesvirus type 6, in order to exclude an immunodeficiency state and determine the strategies of treating this infection. However, during the molecular biological examination of children, a chromosomal integration of HHV-6 was determined, which led to a revision of the diagnostic search and abandoning massive antiviral therapy.
MEVALONATE KINASE DEFICIENCY IN AN INFANT: KEY ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Dubko M.F. , Raupov R.K. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kaneva M.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Suspitsyn E.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center for Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kostik M.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a rare autoinflammatory disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance. The severity of the disease is correlated with the residual enzyme activity. There are two types of mevalonate kinase deficiency: a less severe type called hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS) and a more severe type called mevalonic aciduria. A little more than 300 cases with MDK have been described worldwide. The rarity of this disease, and polymorphism of clinical manifestations lead to late diagnosis and late onset of specific treatment. We described the 7-month-old infant with pathogenic variants c.118C> T (p.R40W) and c.206_207del (p.S69fs) in the MVK gene in a compound heterozygous state with the successful use of an interleukin-1 blocker.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE NEWBORN WITH THORACOSHISIS
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Andreev D.A. , Khvorostov I.N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Verbin O.I. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Shramko V.N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Bataev S.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

The article presents a case of successful surgical treatment of the newborn with a rare congenital pathology – thoracoschisis. The newborn had been transferred urgently 6 hours after birth from the perinatal center. The initial examination revealed a chest defect measuring 6×3×3 cm in size and located along the midclavicular line from the 4th to 6th ribs through which the additional lobe of the liver prolapsed (Riedel’s lobe). After examination and preoperative preparation, 17 hours after birth, a surgical treatment was carried out – moving the liver to the abdominal cavity, closing defects of the diaphragm and thorax. In the postoperative period, serous pericarditis developed, requiring puncture and pericardial drainage. On the 21st day of life the child was transferred to the somatic hospital in a satisfactory condition. Observations conducted over the two years after the operation indicated the child's satisfactory condition, and revealed no complaints. The extreme rarity of this pathology causes certain difficulties in determining the appropriate treatment strategies, and concomitant congenital malformations contribute to high mortality.
PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AMONG URBAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: RESULTS OF A ONE-MINUTE STUDY
Authors:   Altai State Medical University (ASMU), Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia, Shakhova N.V. , Kamaltynova E.M. ,   Siberian State Medical University (SSMU), Tomsk, Russia, Kashinskaya T.S. ,   Altai State Medical University (ASMU), Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia
Published: March 2021

The aim of the trial was to study the prevalence and clinical and allergic characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in urban preschool children. Materials and methods of research: a one-minute study was carried out on an urban sample of 3–6 year olds (n=3205), consisting of 2 stages – screening and clinical. The study of the prevalence of AR and BA symptoms at the screening stage was carried out by questioning parents using the ISAAC questionnaire. At the clinical stage, the diagnosis of AR and BA was verified based on the diagnostic criteria of the ARIA (2008 revision) and GINA (updated 2017) documents. At the clinical stage, skin prick testing with extracts of inhalation and food allergens from Allergopharma Joachim Ganzer KG (Germany) was carried out. Results: the prevalence of AR and BA among urban children 3–6 years of age was 10,6 and 5,7%, respectively. 80 (52,0%) children with AR and 42 (32,8%) children with BA have not previously been diagnosed in practical healthcare institutions. 107 (69,5%) children with AR and 76 (59,4%) children with BA had a mild severity of the disease, 4 (2,6%) children with AR and 2 (1,6%) children with BA had major severity. 80 (62,5%) of children with BA are diagnosed with a controlled course of the disease and 48 (37,5%) have a partially controlled/uncontrolled course of the disease. Most often, in children with AR and BA, sensitization to the D. pteronyssinus mite was recorded – 95 (61,%) and 68 (53,1%), birch pollen – 63 (40,9%) and 42 (32,8%) and cat allergens – 30 (19,5%) and 20 (15,6%), respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of AR and BA among preschool children was 10,6 and 5,7%, respectively. More than half of children with AR and 1/3 of children with BA do not have a diagnosis established in practical health care institutions. Most often, in 3–6 years old children with AR and BA, sensitization to the D. pteronyssinus mite, birch pollen and cat allergens is recorded.
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF FUNDAMENTAL IMMUNOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Nedospasov S.A. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius federal territory, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 pandemics has recalled of the importance of basic immunology knowledge required for vaccine developers as well as for physicians. The paper briefly outlines the main mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and principles of specific antiviral prophylaxis based on vaccinations. It provides brief information on existing vaccines against the new coronavirus infection.