bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interactions between Covid-19 Cases in Turkey, the VIX Index and Major Sector Indexes
Authors:   Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Biga Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Finance and Banking, Turkey, Demirel Esra , Arica Feyza ,   Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Biga Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Economics, Turkey
Published: May 2022

"The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China in December 2019, caused the great economic recession for about ten years, threatening health, devastating economic activity, and hurting well-being and jobs. The COVID-19 crisis is one the largest globally public health and economic crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected economic activities across various sectors, including tourism, supply of medical equipment, global supply chains, electronic and financial markets, energy, and food services, while also significantly impacting social activities. This paper investigates the impact of S&P 500 Volatility Index (VIX) on returns of the six sector indexes, informatics index, food index, real estate investment trust index, textile index, tourism index and Bank index from 11 March 2020 to 28 May 2021 in Turkey. Using the VAR analysis method, the results of the empirical study showed that the responses of the other indexes except for Bank index to VIX index are negative at the first. Contrary to these reactions, Bank index return reacts positively to the VIX index."
The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud
Authors: Abdelkader Mohamed , Stenchikov Georgiy , Pozzer Andrea , Tost Holger , Lelieveld Jos
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We employ the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model (EMAC) with gas phase, heterogeneous chemistry, and detailed aerosol microphysics to simulate the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic cloud. We explicitly account for the interaction of simultaneously injected SO2, volcanic ash, and water vapor and conducted multiple ensemble simulations with different injection configurations to test the simulated SO2, SO42-, ash masses, stratospheric aerosol optical depth, surface area density (SAD), and the stratospheric temperature response against available observations. We find that the SO2, SO42- masses and stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) are sensitive to the initial height of the volcanic cloud. The volcanic cloud interacts with tropopause and stratopause, and its composition is shaped by heterogeneous chemistry coupled with the ozone cycle. The height of the volcanic cloud in our simulations is also affected by dynamic processes within the cloud, i.e., heating and lofting of volcanic products. The mass of the injected water vapor has a moderate effect on the cloud evolution when volcanic materials are released in the lower stratosphere because it freezes and sediments as ice crystals. However, the injected water vapor at a higher altitude accelerates the oxidization of SO2 which is sensitive to the injected water vapor mass (via hydroxyl production and reaction rate). The coarse ash comprises 98 % of ash injection mass, which sediments within a few days, but aged sub-micron ash could stay in the stratosphere for a few months providing SAD for heterogeneous chemistry. The presence of ash accelerates the SO2 oxidation that leads to a faster formation of the sulfate aerosol layer in the first two months after the eruption and has to be accounted for in modeling the impact of large-scale volcanic injections on climate and stratospheric chemistry.
Long-term behavior and stability of calibration models for NO and NO2 low-cost sensors
Authors: Kim Horim , Müller Michael , Henne Stephan , Hüglin Christoph
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Low-cost sensors are considered to exhibit great potential to complement classical air quality measurements in existing monitoring networks. However, the use of low-cost sensors poses some challenges. In this study, the behavior and performance of electrochemical sensors for NO and NO2 were determined over a longer operating period in a real-world deployment. After careful calibration of the sensors, based on co-location with reference instruments at a rural traffic site during 6 months and by using robust linear regression and random forest regression, the coefficient of determination of both types of sensors was high (R2 > 0.9), and the root mean square error (RMSE) of NO and NO2 sensors was about 6.8 and 3.5 ppb, respectively, for 10 min mean concentrations. The RMSE of the NO2 sensors, however, more than doubled when the sensors were deployed without recalibration for a 1-year period at other site types (including urban background locations), where the range and the variability of air pollutant concentrations differed from the calibration site. This indicates a significant effect of relocation of the sensors on the quality of their data. During deployment, we found that the NO2 sensors are capable of distinguishing general pollution levels, but they proved unsuitable for accurate measurements, mainly due to significant biases. In order to investigate the long-term stability of the original calibration, the sensors were reinstalled at the calibration site after deployment. Surprisingly, the coefficient of determination and the RMSE of the NO sensor remained almost unchanged after more than 1 year of operation. In contrast, the performance of the NO2 sensors clearly deteriorated as indicated by a higher RMSE (about 7.5 ppb, 10 min mean concentrations) and a lower coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.59).
Multi-instrument observations of polar cap patches and traveling ionospheric disturbances generated by solar wind Alfvén waves coupling to the dayside magnetosphere
Authors: Prikryl Paul , Gillies Robert G. , Themens David R. , Weygand James M. , Thomas Evan G. , Chakraborty Shibaji
Published: May 2022

Abstract. During minor to moderate geomagnetic storms, caused by corotating interaction regions at the leading edge of high-speed streams, solar wind Alfvén waves modulated the magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. The Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars (RISR-C and RISR-N), measuring plasma parameters in the cusp and polar cap, observed ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events that resulted in the formation of polar cap patches. The patches were observed as they moved over the RISR, and the Canadian High-Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) ionosondes and GPS receivers. The coupling process modulated the ionospheric convection and the intensity of ionospheric currents, including the auroral electrojets. The horizontal equivalent ionospheric currents are estimated from ground-based magnetometer data using an inversion technique. Pulses of ionospheric currents that are a source of Joule heating in the lower thermosphere launched atmospheric gravity waves, causing traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) that propagated equatorward. TIDs were observed in the SuperDual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar ground scatter and the detrended total electron content measured by globally distributed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers.
Interactive Biogenic Emissions and Drought Stress Effects on Atmospheric Composition in NASA GISS ModelE
Authors: Klovenski Elizabeth Renee , Wang Yuxuan , Bauer Susanne Elizabeth , Tsigaridis Kostas , Faluvegi Greg , Aleinov Igor , Kiang Nancy Y. , Guenther Alex , Jiang Xiaoyan , Li Wei , Lin Nan
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Drought is a hydroclimatic extreme that causes perturbations to the terrestrial biosphere, and acts as a stressor on vegetation, affecting emissions patterns. During severe drought, isoprene emissions are reduced. In this paper, we focus on capturing this reduction signal by implementing a new percentile isoprene drought stress (yd) algorithm in NASA GISS ModelE based on the MEGAN3 (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature Version 3) approach as a function of a photosynthetic parameter (Vc,max) and water stress (β) . Four global transient simulations from 2003–2013 are used to demonstrate the effect without yd (Default_ModelE) and with online yd (DroughtStress_ModelE). DroughtStress_ModelE is evaluated against the observed isoprene measurements at the Missouri Ozarks Ameriflux (MOFLUX) site during the 2012 severe drought where improvements in correlation coefficient indicate it is a suitable drought stress parameterization to capture the reduction signal during severe drought. The application of yd globally leads to a decadal average reduction of ~2.7 % which is equivalent to ~14.6 Tg yr-1 of isoprene. The changes have larger impacts in regions such as the Southeast U.S.. DroughtStress_ModelE is validated using satellite ΩHCHO column from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and surface O3 observations across regions of the U.S. to examine the effect of drought on atmospheric composition. It was found the inclusion of isoprene drought stress reduced the overestimation of ΩHCHO in Default_ModelE during the 2007 and 2011 southeastern U.S. droughts and lead to improvements in simulated O3 during drought periods. We conclude that isoprene drought stress should be tuned on a model-by-model basis, because the variables used in the parameterization responses are relative to the land surface model hydrology scheme (LSM) and the effects of yd application could be larger than seen here due to ModelE not having large biases of isoprene during severe drought.
First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea
Authors: González-Gambau Verónica , Olmedo Estrella , Turiel Antonio , González-Haro Cristina , García-Espriu Aina , Martínez Justino , Alenius Pekka , Tuomi Laura , Catany Rafael , Arias Manuel , Gabarró Carolina , Hoareau Nina , Umbert Marta , Sabia Roberto , Fernández Diego
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This paper presents the first Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dedicated products over the Baltic Sea. The SSS retrieval from L-band brightness temperature (TB) measurements over this basin is really challenging due to important technical issues, such as the land–sea and ice–sea contamination, the high contamination by radio-frequency interference (RFI) sources, the low sensitivity of L-band TB at SSS changes in cold waters, and the poor characterization of dielectric constant models for the low SSS range in the basin. For these reasons, exploratory research in the algorithms used from the level 0 up to level 4 has been required to develop these dedicated products. This work has been performed in the framework of the European Space Agency regional initiative Baltic+ Salinity Dynamics. Two Baltic+ SSS products have been generated for the period 2011–2019 and are freely distributed: the Level 3 (L3) product (daily generated 9 d maps in a 0.25∘ grid; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13859, González-Gambau et al., 2021a) and the Level 4 (L4) product (daily maps in a 0.05∘ grid; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13860, González-Gambau et al., 2021b)​​​​​​​, which are computed by applying multifractal fusion to L3 SSS with SST maps. The accuracy of L3 SSS products is typically around 0.7–0.8 psu. The L4 product has an improved spatiotemporal resolution with respect to the L3 and the accuracy is typically around 0.4 psu. Regions with the highest errors and limited coverage are located in Arkona and Bornholm basins and Gulfs of Finland and Riga. The impact assessment of Baltic+ SSS products has shown that they can help in the understanding of salinity dynamics in the basin. They complement the temporally and spatially very sparse in situ measurements, covering data gaps in the region, and they can also be useful for the validation of numerical models, particularly in areas where in situ data are very sparse.
Precipitation Biases and Snow Physics Limitations Drive the Uncertainties in Macroscale Modeled Snow Water Equivalent
Authors: Cho Eunsang , Vuyovich Carrie M. , Kumar Sujay V. , Wrzesien Melissa L. , Kim Rhae Sung , Jacobs Jennifer M.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Seasonal snow is an essential component of regional and global water and energy cycles, particularly in snow-dominant regions that rely on snowmelt for water resources. Land surface models (LSMs) are a common approach for developing spatially and temporally complete estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) and hydrologic variables at a large scale. However, the accuracy of the LSM-based SWE outputs is limited and unclear by mixed factors such as uncertainties in the meteorological boundary conditions and the model physics. In this study, we assess the SWE, snowfall, precipitation, and air temperature products from a twelve-member ensemble – with four LSMs and three meteorological forcings – using automated SWE, precipitation, and temperature observations from 809 Snowpack Telemetry stations over the western U.S. Results show that the mean annual maximum LSM SWE is underestimated by 268 mm. The timing of peak SWE from the LSMs is on average 36 days earlier than that of the observations. By the date of peak SWE, winter accumulated precipitation is underestimated (forcings mean: 485 mm vs. stations: 690 mm). In addition, the precipitation partitioning physics generates different snowfall estimates by an average of 113 mm with the same forcing data. Even though there are widespread cold biases (up to 3 °C) in the temperature forcings, larger ablations and lower ratios of SWE to total precipitation are found even in the accumulation period, indicating that melting physics in LSMs drives some SWE uncertainties. Based on the principal component analysis, we find that precipitation bias has the largest contribution to the first principal component, which accounts for more than half of the total variance. The results provide insights into prioritizing strategies to improve SWE estimates from LSMs for hydrologic applications.
A 2 degrees of freedom united propulsive mechanism for amphibious function inspired by frog's hindlimb
Authors: Tang Yucheng , Yang Xiaolong , Zhu Xiaojin , Zhou Shichao , Zha Wenbin , Sun Yuxin , Wang Yulin
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Amphibious species of frogs are notable candidates to
mimic for amphibious robotic design, as their swimming and sprawling locomotion is generated by the united propulsive mechanisms in which the hindlimbs play the dominant role. Although the propulsive system of frogs is not as complex as other amphibians, it is still difficult to employ the
propulsive mechanism in robotic design due to the numerous degrees of freedom (DoF). This paper proposes a novel united propulsive mechanism to acquire the amphibious function inspired by the frog's hindlimb. The mechanism is a hybrid design combining a planar six-bar linkage, which is designed based on homotopy continuation and a spatial four-bar linkage. The DoF of the hindlimb-like mechanism are dramatically decreased to 2, with 1 each in the two sub-chains. Forward analysis is conducted to find the pose of the foot when two actuations are input. The improved analysis based on the geometrical features overcomes the multiplicity from the
numerical computation. The inverse kinematic analysis is conducted to find the rotation of the input with a given pose of the foot. The aquatic function of the united propulsive mechanism is demonstrated based on the blade element theory, where the rotational speed and the projected area of the foot are fully active. The terrestrial function of the propulsive mechanism is validated with a specific gait.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA (DD) DI DESA HENDROSARI KECAMATAN MENGANTI KABUPATEN GRESIK TAHUN ANGGARAN 2020
Authors: Yasinta Risna Ube
Published: May 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengelolaan keuangan di Desa Hendrosari Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik, Mengetahui penggunaan keuangan di Desa Hendrosari Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik, Mengetahui efektivitas keuagan dan penggunaan keuangan BUMDesa di Desa Hendrosari Kecamatan Menganti Kabupaten Gresik.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalh deskriptif kualitatf. informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Desa dan Sekretaris Desa Hendrosari sedangkan yang menjadi respondennya adalah Masyarakat sebanyak 100 orang dengan menggunakan purposive random sampling. Pengelolaan dan analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui akan efektivitas pengelolaan keuagan Dana Desa (DD). Analisis data terdiri atas tiga alur kegiatan yang terjadi secara bersamaan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa Dana Desa yang diterima direncanakan untuk pembangunan desa mulai dari perbaikan infastruktur desa sampai pada pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penggunaan dasa desa di Desa Henrosari dapat dikatakan sangat efektif dengan tingkat efektivitas penggunaan dana desa sebesar 100% yang pada intinya ada 3 (tiga) bidang dalam kegiatan pembelajaan dandesa yaitu Pelaksanaan pembangunan desa, Pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan Penanggulangan bencana, darurat dan belanja tak terduga.
PENGARUH TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD & BEVERAGE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017 – 2020
Authors: Syeifana Fajar Aulia Citra
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan, untuk menganalisis pengaruh struktur kepemilikan, untuk menganalisis pengaruh secara simultan tata Kelola perusahan dan kepemilikan terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food & Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017 – 2020.

Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan Food & Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Dan periode yang digunakan peneliti dari tahun 2017 hingga 2020. Peneliti memilih penelitian selama tiga tahun berturutturut dikarenakan untuk mendapatkan sampel yang cukup, sehingga bisa mewakili populasi.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan yang sudah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tata Kelola Perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017 – 2020. Struktur Kepemilikan berpengaruh signifikan negative terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017 – 2020. Tata kelola perusahaan dan Struktur kepemilikan berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017 – 2020.
INTENSI TURNOVER YANG DIPENGARUHI STRES DAN KEPUASAN KERJA
Authors: Hariani Mila , Issalillah Fayola
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyoroti peran stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja yang menyebabkan intensi turnover. Intensi turnover karyawan telah menjadi isu yang paling penting bagi organisasi dan tantangan utama di industri. Studi ini menjadi penting untuk mengetahui pola intensi turnover sebagai dasar menetapkan tindakan proaktif dan preventif untuk mengatasi masalah kritis ini. Studi ini dapat menjadi salah satu referensi bagi organisasi lain untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap intensi turnover karyawan. Ini dapat berguna bagi pengusaha untuk memiliki strategi dalam mempertahankan karyawan mereka terutama yang berbakat. Studi ini untuk mengetahui peran stres dan kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover dengan melibatkan 181 responden dari suatu perusahaan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja memiliki peran nyata untuk menyebabkan atau mencegah intensi turnover. Dengan memperhatikan stres yang dialami oleh karyawan serta meningkatkan kepuasan kerja karyawan akan menurunkan intensi turnover.
A DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO E AS TRAJETÓRIAS DAS MULHERES NA ENGENHARIA CIVIL NO BRASIL
Authors:   Maria Sara Dias, Manske Luiza
Published: May 2022

In social studies about engineering, it is important to consider the process of entry of women into this historically masculine area. In Civil Engineering, one of the oldest university majors in the profession in Brazil, the female presence is growing. However, despite the numbers, the field is still marked by the sexual division of labour, especially regarding performance in construction sites. This article aims to reflect on the historical path traced by Brazilian women in the educational and professional field of engineering, focusing on the dynamics of the current world of labor and its effects on female civil engineers. When analyzing the bibliography, it is possible to observe how the trajectories are not linear and include different contexts and profiles over time. Despite several advances in relation to the women who were pioneers in the early twentieth century, Brazilian female engineers still face several difficulties associated with the social construction of gender roles in society and the sexual division of labour. These elements remain present in the profession, assuming different forms of prejudice over the years. It is emphasized the importance and relevance of studies on the work of female engineers, since it is fundamental to engineering to develop professional spaces that can provide more equality between genders.
Wireless communication research challenges for Extended Reality (XR)
Authors: Akyildiz Ian F. , Guo Hongzhi
Published: May 2022

Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term that includes Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Virtual Reality (VR). XR has a tremendous market size and will profoundly transform our lives by changing the way we interact with the physical world. However, existing XR devices are mainly tethered by cables which limit users' mobility and Quality-of-Experience (QoE). Wireless XR leverages existing and future wireless technologies, such as 5G, 6G, and Wi-Fi, to remove cables that are tethered to the head-mounted devices. Such changes can free users and enable a plethora of applications. High-quality ultimate XR requires an uncompressed data rate up to 2.3 Tbps with an end-to-end latency lower than 10 ms. Although 5G has significantly improved data rates and reduced latency, it still cannot meet such high requirements. This paper provides a roadmap towards wireless ultimate XR. The basics, existing products, and use cases of AR, MR, and VR are reviewed, upon which technical requirements and bottlenecks of realizing ultimate XR using wireless technologies are identified. Challenges of utilizing 6G wireless systems and the next generation Wi-Fi systems and future research directions are provided.
AS HIPÓTESES LEGAIS DE EMPREGO DO PODER AÉREO BRASILEIRO E O TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Furtado Érika Rigotti
Published: May 2022

O exercício da soberania estatal, na atualidade, encontra instrumentos normativos limitadores decorrentes das instituições que integram a sociedade internacional, onde a preocupação com a proteção da dignidade humana apresenta-se como uma constante. O emprego do poder aéreo, como ferramenta da soberania nacional brasileira, esbarra nestas limitações, entre as quais, o Tribunal Penal Internacional, a cuja jurisdição o Brasil se submete. Deste modo, o estudo em questão teve por objetivo verificar de que maneira o emprego Poder Aéreo Brasileiro, como parte integrante das Forças Armadas, adequa-se à jurisdição do Tribunal Penal Internacional, para fins de aplicação do disposto no art. 5º do Estatuto de Roma. Para tanto, foram cotejadas as hipóteses legais de emprego do poder aéreo brasileiro, presentes no art. 142 da Constituição de 1988 e na Lei Complementar nº 97, de 09 de junho de 1999, com a tipificação dos crimes de genocídio, contra a humanidade, de guerra e agressão, elencados no artigo 5º do Estatuto de Roma. Assim, foi possível observar que as realidades da defesa da soberania, por meio do emprego do poder aéreo, e da proteção da dignidade humana, embora se toquem, permanecem como estruturas cujo enlace reclama a presença do Direito como elemento indispensável à respectiva adequação.
IRDR E OS REGULAMENTOS DOS TRIBUNAIS REGIONAIS FEDERAIS: IMPORTÂNCIA DA ISONOMIA DAS REGRAS
Authors: Volpi Elon Kaleb Ribas , Junior Albino Gabriel Turbay , Araújo Fabio Caldas
Published: May 2022

O instituto do Incidente de Resolução de Demandas Repetitivas (IRDR) e como tem sido feita sua regulamentação pelos Tribunais Regionais Federais é o tema desta pesquisa. O objetivo é expor a regulamentação do procedimento de julgamento do Incidente de Resolução de Demandas Repetitivas nos Regimentos Internos de tais cortes federais, verificando as diferenças nos procedimentos e como tais diferenças vem causando um uso aquém de seu potencial, além de uma aplicação não isonômica pelas cortes no território nacional. A pesquisa utilizou o método dedutivo e foi realizada por revisão bibliográfica em doutrina e análise de legislação e jurisprudência.
EFEITOS NA PRESTAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE SANEAMENTO BÁSICO FACE A DEFINIÇÃO DA TITULARIDADE PELO STF NA ADIN 1842-5
Authors: Gonçalves Danielle Zanoli
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o panorama jurídico após a decisão do STF sobre a ADIN 1842-5. Antes do referido julgamento existia a premissa de que: “a lei complementar que cria Região Metropolitana é suficiente para atrair a titularidade de determinado serviço” a teor do parágrafo terceiro do artigo 25 da Constituição Federal. A referida ADIN foi interposta pelo Partido Democrático Trabalhista - PDT em face da lei que criou a Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, alegando a usurpação pelo Estado da competência municipal quanto aos serviços de distribuição de água e esgotamento sanitário. No presente trabalho vamos analisar o contexto do julgamento que levou 15 anos para ser apreciado, analisando voto a voto, desde o Relator ministro Maurício Corrêa e dos demais ministros: Gilmar Mendes, Joaquim Barbosa, Lewandowski e Marco Aurélio Melo. Por fim vamos concluir com nosso entendimento sobre o panorama atual, tendo em vista que vai afetar a organização da estrutura de prestação dos serviços de saneamento básico em vários estados brasileiros.
The Mystery of the Writing Process: A Comparison of Mechanistic and Developmental Organic Writing
Authors: Yaacob Solehah , Haron Ismail , Yaacob Adli , AlQahtani Zainah Hussain Awdah
Published: May 2022

Every writer knows putting words on paper is a difficult task. Sometimes the difficulties become insurmountable. He got himself into a state of frustration in writing when the flow of ideas stopped. A writer got stuck and banged his head against the wall for long hours instead of writing. His struggle becomes futile without getting the desired result. Despite being armed with knowledge and language ability, he cannot execute his task. The objective is primarily to understand the cognitive processes in writing employing different approaches: mechanistic writing and developmental organic writing models. This understanding is derived and inferred from some learning theories such as the behaviourist and mechanical models coupled with issues related to the functions of brains and ‘mind’ in writing as expounded by some known linguists and writers. It is hoped that by understanding the cognitive processes at work in writing, anyone who intends to write can benefit in terms of enhancing his writing skill and making writing a challenging and enjoyable task. The study is on a qualitative analysis of a book written by Peter Elbow on `Writing Without Teachers` and `Writing with Power.` Compared to the researchers, the data collected from his experiences will embark on the meaning of `organic writing.`
Yeni Bir Ekonomik Paradigma Arayışı İçinde Döngüsel Ekonomi ve İnsani Finans
Authors: Bulut Mehmet , Korkut Cem
Published: May 2022

The search for a new system comes to the fore in almost every global crisis, whether natural, environmental, or economic. This search covers a wide area from economic mentality to institutional structure. The main cause of natural and environmental disasters seems to be the result of the economic growth and development paths followed in modern times, especially in the last two centuries. In particular, the transformation of economic mentality that started with mercantilism and continued with capitalism has not only led to income distribution injustice in the world, but also caused the unconscious use of resources on earth. The environmental and humanitarian problems caused by the production approach combined with the desire for rapid growth and excessive profit ambition have become more noticeable in the recent period. Studies are carried out for responsible production and consumption mechanisms, especially the concept of sustainable development for the solutions of these problems. The circular economy is an economic system that aims to establish a sustainable development mechanism in terms of production and consumption and reduces the waste of resources. Humanitarian finance defines the development of the financial system based on assets and the real sector, and a human and ethicscentered financial system. Therefore, humanitarian finance is a mechanism that supports a circular economy and a sustainable system. The potential solutions to global economic and financial problems, based on circular economy and human finance, will be discussed in this study.
Küresel Değer Zincirlerinin Döngüsel Ekonomideki Rolü
Authors: Yanıkkaya Halit , Altun Abdullah , Tat Pınar
Published: May 2022

With deepening global value chains (GVCs), countries have experienced significant changes in their production and trade patterns as well as the environmental cost associated with these actions. Targeting economic growth alone does not seem to be a sufficient goal anymore. While growth is taking place, ensuring development, improving its quality, and making growth sustainableshould also be among the globally ultimate goals. To evaluate this, we first try to understand whether countries/sectors have succeeded in becoming part of the circular economy. We then analyze the determinants of circularity of sectors by employing country and sector level variables. To this end, we focus on the forward linkages of sectors within the framework of life cycle assessment, using the global multi-regional input-output tables and decomposition analysis for the period 1990-2015. Our estimation results indicate that while the forward GVC participation of high-income countries is more likely to raise their greenhouse emission intensity; the involvement of upper-middle, lower-middle, and lowincome countries into global value sharing activities is more likely to improve the air quality owing to higher environmental regulations in the international markets. The results which are mainly driven by lower-middle and low level of income countries reveal that an increase in the forward GVC participation is likely to decrease renewable energy consumption. Although the conclusions regarding country level control variables do not significantly vary within country and sector groups, the effects of sectoral variables vary significantly. Therefore, the sectoral determinants should be carefully evaluated by the policy makers to efficiently deal with environmental issues and achieve greener economic growth.
Döngüsel Ekonominin İşgücü Piyasalarına Etkileri: Ekonomi Politik Değerlendirme
Authors: Ekren Nazım
Published: May 2022

The circular economy is referred to the mechanisms and processes that resources/inputs are reused. In the literature, the emphasis is placed on the reuse of the raw materials and/or the system change, considering variables such as sustainability and waste. This approach defines the new generation of production/consumption behaviors and the economic principles, highlighting social and environmental issues. The transition process will transform the labor markets. Changes in macroeconomic structure and relation system will determine the net aggregate effects of job creations, job substitutions, job losses and job redefinitions. Risks and opportunities of employment, skills and education will cause asymmetrical division of labor and specialization in the national economies and across the countries. The political economy of the circular economy is about designing the new philosophy, rules, and principles of welfare production process. In this context, the economic and social platform consisting of public authority, real and finance sectors, non-governmental organizations, consumers, labour organizations etc. has a special role and function. The platform will enable effective cooperation and coordination increasing the positive effects and reducing the costs of the process.
Kriptopara Madenciliğinin Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Yılmaz Mustafa K. , Kaplan Ahmet
Published: May 2022

Cryptocurrencies derived by a cryptographic blockchain technology have shown an impressive growth in market value and trading volume over the last decade, leading to a significant transformation in financial markets. These digital assets do not only produce satisfactory returns for investors but also guarantee quick transfer of ownership by its decentralized, safe, and flexible system. However, the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies also brings several challenges and concerns for environmental sustainability due to high energy consumption, carbon emission and electronic waste generated by crypto-mining process. This study discusses the effects of crypto mining on environmental sustainability, particularly focusing on global warming and climate change. The findings show that crypto-mining has negative effects on climate change and air pollution by its increasing electricity consumption, carbon emission and electronic waste and may seriously influence the sustainability of crypto-markets and environmental eco-system. Thus, policy makers should take innovative actions to increase the efficiency of the hardware used in crypto-mining, introduce minimum standards, impose new regulations i.e., carbon emission tax and encourage increasing use of renewable energy sources for crypto-mining to preserve environmental sustainability.
İslam’a Duyarlı İşletmelerin Sürdürülebilirlik Algısı ve Uygulaması: Katılım Bankalarının Kurumsal Müşterileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Saraç Mehmet , Altun Fatma
Published: May 2022

The negative externalities of the capitalist economic paradigm and the problem of irresponsibility in the contemporary financial system have brought the importance and necessity of the concept of sustainability to the world’s agenda. And it has increased the search for a new paradigm sensitive to the social and natural environment to achieve sustainable development. This global trend, in fact, has provided a basis for convergence and adoption of Islamic principles in economics and finance. Islamic economics and finance principles are the guarantee of a production and distribution mechanism that does not make certain societies and future generations to pay the price for development. However, the important question is whether companies that are expected to abide by the principles of Islamic economics have embraced and implemented the concept of sustainability. This study aims to reveal the sustainability perception and implementation of the companies with Islamic sensitivity via an empirical analysis. The sample is selected among the corporate customers of participation banks because it is assumed that such a sample has a representation feature in terms of Islamicity. The findings of the study show that participation bank customer firms have partially integrated sustainability implementations into their own business processes. Among these companies, it is seen that the companies that have foreign partnership structures or have commercial relations with abroad and have more than 50 employees, comply with the sustainability principles significantly more than other companies.
Girişimci Üniversitelerin Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Kültürel Sürdürülebilirliğe Etkileri
Authors: Yılmaz Tamer , Keskin Halit , Aksoy Zeynep
Published: May 2022

Developments in industry and increased world population cause risk of the depletion of scarce and vital resources and initiate discussions on how to ensure a sustainable future. It thus puts a pressure on both individuals and organizations to carry out activities that contribute to sustainability. At this point, the third mission of universities, serving the society, has come into prominence and universities are expected to support sustainable development by adopting an entrepreneurial business model. Although previous studies examined the effects of entrepreneurial universities that transform technological knowledge into a commercial product on economic sustainability, this study provides a more comprehensive perspective for the entrepreneurial university concept and its impacts. In this regard, this study examines the effects of entrepreneurial universities that perform economic, social, and cultural entrepreneurship activities on different dimensions of sustainability and illuminates the role of entrepreneurial universities in the process of creating a sustainable future.
Sürdürülebilir Eğitim Ekolojisi Olarak Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenme
Authors: Hamutoğlu Nazire Burçin , Bozkurt Aras , Erdoğan Bayram Zafer
Published: May 2022

This study discusses how Open and Distance Learning (ODL) practices support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No 4 to ensure sustainability in education in the context of basic values such as equality, justice, equity and democracy in education. The chapter further discusses how the philosophy of openness in education nurtures the idea of ecosystem, and then explains common denominators, especially in the context of global projects that ensure sustainability and development. It is seen that the philosophy of openness that guides ODL practices has a common denominator with the global development projects put into practice especially with the new millennium. It is seen that the global projects explained in the context of this study especially emphasize the concepts of openness, accessibility and equality in education. The overall evaluation of education systems states that traditional education systems should enter the transformation process to provide these values. In order to do this, it is seen that strategic planning should be undertaken especially at the national level. It is thought that the concepts mentioned in the context of ODL are already the main pillars of the field, however, it is necessary to disseminate the notion of openness in education, build a learning ecosystem inspired by openness in education and create a learning culture that will support lifelong learning within this ecosystem. This study, by associating the conceptual depth of open and distance learning with sustainable education policies and quality assurance, is important in terms of examining the ecology of learning on the basis of relevant pedagogical approaches and lifelong learning in line with the dynamics of learning environments and providing a scope for the necessity of creating a sustainable ecology in ODL.
Sistemik Düşünce Ekseninde Eğitimde Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Vizyonu ve Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa
Published: May 2022

The concepts of Systemic Thinking, Sustainable Development and Circular Economy have become increasingly important for scientists, theorists, academics, policy makers, decision makers, practitioners and educators. These concepts have become essential bases of the solution for the global problems, especially in overcoming environmental and social difficulties appearing in the agenda of today’s economies. Considering that ecological, sociological and economic problems are complex and multi-cause, touch every area of our society and require more holistic solutions, the education field, as one of the most critical areas in order to encourage the transition to a sustainable world order and to overcome the consequences of the current global crises, is indisputably important in terms of policies to be determined and initiatives to be implemented. Education, while equipping our children, youth and even adults with the required knowledge, skills, behaviors, attitudes, and values of the current age, provides them with the competence to properly cope with all the difficulties they do encounter or will encounter in real life. As a society, the strategies we will develop and the investments we will make by understanding the power of education will be the key to the durability and welfare of our world in the future. From this point of view, this article discusses how the Sustainable Development vision, and the Circular Economy model can be benefited jointly in the axis of systemic thinking and how these principles can be reflected in educational spaces.
Yerel Yönetimlerin Döngüsel Ekonomi İçin Anlamı
Authors: Kutlu Önder
Published: May 2022

Local governments are quite convenient and important administrative organisations for circular economy. These units have serious advantages for circular approach due mainly to their approximate locations to the public, undertake various responsibilities within the terms of local economy and own democratic mechanisms. As being under the pressure of planning and imposing limits within the realms of administrative procedures, local governments could merely confront scarcity of resources compared to national units, and feel the burdens by efficiency and effectiveness concerns. In creating real impacts on local actors and institutions, democratic instances are often incomplete. These units play the role of attracting the attentions of the public in promoting savings, fighting against extravagant behaviours and other implications to underline the value of local authorities. Similar concerns underpin the occurrence of circular economy. Distinguishing factors of local governments and their major elements through proximate relations in terms of geography and ideology materialise suitable instruments for circular economy. The studies about both local governments and circular economy suggest that the new economic approach can be an invaluable mechanism for evaluating decentralised institutions to examine their aims, goals and performances. By inspiring local communities, providing solutions to local issues and directing responsible actors to pay attention to public spending, circular economy would create a fertile ground as well as to form an instrument for local governments theoretically and practically. Being planning to cope with one’s own environment and surrounding factors, circular economy should be examined together with basic elements and values of local governments. One should also bear in mind that circular economy cannot be achieved automatically and therefore there need eventually to be an outcome oriented approach and conscious efforts for achieving its goals. This paper intends to deal with all these issues to set the scene for a more environment friendly approach in meeting the necessities and demands of the society.
İklim Değişikliğinin Sağlık Etkilerinin Yükü
Authors: Kiraz E. Didem Evci
Published: May 2022

The relationship between climate change and health is a real relationship that needs to be relieved of being theoretical by developing a pool of evidence. Health sector will be the most vulnerable sector in climate change. Health promotion and primary health care dimensions increase the sensitivity of the health sector. The shares allocated to these dimensions from the country budgets are less than the other health sector investment shares. When we add equity to the principle of equality, it is imperative that the health sector meet the socio-economic burden of climate change. For this reason, the health sector is as strong as its weakest point and seems doomed to be caught unprepared for the worst-case scenario. The disease burden formula, which is built only on the number of those who died and sick due to the effects of climate change, prevents seeing the holistic economic picture. For climate change, a “health burden” calculation should be made, which includes the disease burden (individual / social disease cost), the individual burden of health personnel, the burden of health services, the cost of pressure on the health sector of other sectors, mitigation, and adaptation costs. Climate change should be reflected in health burden calculations as a multiplier effect. Adaptation should be prioritized in climate change health burden calculations and advanced analyzes. Leaders of the new era will be leaders who have a public health perspective and increase public awareness, that the public is responsible for their own health, and take the lead in increasing conscious health promotion efforts. Leaders should allocate money to each future dream from the budget.
İçecek Endüstrisinden Kaynaklanan Cam ve Pet Ambalaj Atıklarının Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Cılız Nilgün Kıran , Kalıpçıoğlu Ceyda , Korkmaz Asude Pelin , Değirmen Cennet , Barın Seza
Published: May 2022

Increase in urbanization and industrialization especially due to population growth leads to excess production in packaging materials and waste, consumption of natural resources, generation of greenhouse gases, which causes continually increasing climate change problems. In this manner, to prevent climate change, decreased biodiversity, contamination and deterioration of oceans and forests, the European Union Green Deal content ensures effective use of resources and creates a competitive green economy perspective to neutralize greenhouse gas emissions by the year of 2050. Circular economy covering the reduction in waste and emission and if it is not possible reintroducing packaging waste into the production line effectively leads to prevent these adverse environmental and economic impacts. In this chapter, environmental impacts of glass and PET based packaging waste generated by beverage industry were evaluated in terms of circular economy while regarding life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Thus, if environmental impacts cannot be reduced in design phase and waste prevention cannot be achieved, environmental sustainability and circular economy can be obtained by recycling practices.
Atıksu Arıtma Tesisinden Atıksu Rafinerisine
Authors: Erşahin Mustafa Evren , Güven Hüseyin , Öztürk İzzet
Published: May 2022

In the past, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were built mainly to protect the receiving water body quality, but due to energy and raw material constraints, reducing the energy consumption of WWTPs and ensuring material recovery have also gained importance. However, it is not possible to achieve the desired level of energy and material recovery in WWTPs where conventional activated sludge (AS) processes are applied. In order to achieve this goal, innovative processes need to be implemented. With the innovative processes, it is possible to make WWTPs energy neutral or even energy positive, and to recover valuable materials from wastewater. In order to improve the energy balance of WWTPs, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption by providing process optimization and extract the energy content of wastewater. Generated excess sludge after treatment can be used as soil conditioner (compost) or auxiliary fuel after various processes. Nitrogen and phosphorus can be recovered in various forms from the digester side streams. With the application of advanced treatment technologies, water recovery can be achieved to be used for different purposes (irrigation water, industrial utility water, toilet flush water, etc.). WWTPs can be transformed into wastewater refineries through the maximization of energy and material recovery.