bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automated and Goal-Oriented Clustering Procedure
Authors: Koren Oded , Koren Michal , Peretz Or
Published: August 2024

Clustering techniques are convenient tools for preparing and organizing unstructured and unclassified data. Depending on the data, they can be used to prepare for an analysis or to gain insight. However, choosing a clustering technique can be challenging when dealing with high-dimensional datasets. Most often, application requirements and data distribution need to be considered. Since clustering is defined as a complex problem to calculate, different algorithms may produce different results that meet the application's needs. This study presents an automated threshold-based and goal-oriented clustering procedure. It is based on the AutoML mechanism to estimate the most suitable hyperparameters according to predefined needs and can learn four clustering performance metrics thresholds for a given dataset. The significant advantages of this method are the automatic selection of clustering technique (i.e., partitional, hierarchical, density-based, or graph-based) and the ability to determine the output dynamically, according to predefined goals. We tested our method over four datasets and analyzed the results according to different goals. The results show that our method improved the silhouette score by 549.5% (from 0.105 to 0.682) compared to popular and commonly used K-means. Furthermore, clustering based on multiple metrics yielded more information than clustering by a single metric.
Proposal for a New Separation Method for Reproducing Images with Properties in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectrum
Authors: Gršić Jana Žiljak , Plehati Silvio , Bogović Tomislav , Vujić Roko
Published: August 2024

Painting dyes and artworks exhibit duality with different states in the visible (V) and near-infrared (Z) spectrum. “V” denotes the solar spectrum ranging from 400 to 750 nm, while “Z” indicates the solar spectrum up to 1000 nm. The infrared state of an artwork can be an independent, “hidden” image. The paper demonstrates a new procedure of graphic preparation for the separation of process inks for reproducing artworks in monographs, with a focus on integration in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. The practical part of the paper uses the Projectina PAG B50 forensic scanner, which is equipped with 24 filters for blocking light from 220 to 1000 nm. Image reproduction involves photography of artwork in RGB, then conversion into CMY, with the addition of K from the Z image. “VZ” separation is introduced into the reproduction of the artwork, simulating the dual states of the original artwork. The GCR procedure is applied by subtracting CMY but based on information for the K component that is equal in the Z image. This process provides a deeper understanding of artworks and offers extended information about their state in the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum.
Epidemic Information Extraction for Event-Based Surveillance Using Large Language Models
Authors: Consoli Sergio , Markov Peter , Stilianakis Nikolaos I. , Bertolini Lorenzo , Gallardo Antonio Puertas , Ceresa Mario
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to epidemic surveillance, leveraging the power of artificial intelligence and large language models (LLMs) for effective interpretation of unstructured big data sources like the popular ProMED and WHO Disease Outbreak News. We explore several LLMs, evaluating their capabilities in extracting valuable epidemic information. We further enhance the capabilities of the LLMs using in-context learning and test the performance of an ensemble model incorporating multiple open-source LLMs. The findings indicate that LLMs can significantly enhance the accuracy and timeliness of epidemic modelling and forecasting, offering a promising tool for managing future pandemic events
TermX—Bridging the Gap: Implementing CTS2 and FHIR Compatible Terminology Server
Authors: Ivanova Marina , Bossenko Igor , Piho Gunnar
Published: August 2024

As healthcare systems evolve, achieving interoperability and seamless data exchange becomes paramount. The key component of the data exchange is terminology managed by the terminology server. During “Comparative Analysis of Clinical Terminology Servers: A Quest for an Improved Solution” research, we did not find a terminology server suitable for our criteria and decided to develop our own terminology server. This article delves into implementing the Common Terminology Services 2 (CTS2) standard on PostgreSQL, a robust open-source relational database. The discussion encompasses the intricacies of integrating CTS2 with PostgreSQL, exploring the challenges and solutions encountered during the process. Additionally, the article comprehensively maps this implementation to HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), a widely adopted standard for healthcare data exchange. Readers will gain insights into the technical aspects of the implementation, practical considerations, and the potential impact on healthcare data management. This exploration aims to guide developers, healthcare IT professionals, and stakeholders in leveraging CTS2 on PostgreSQL while ensuring compatibility with HL7 FHIR resources, ultimately fostering improved interoperability in the dynamic landscape of healthcare data systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: “Synergy-Net” in Campania FESR-POR (European Fund of Regional Development—Regional Operative Program) Research Project
Authors: Parmeggiani Domenico , De Sio Marco , Moccia Giancarlo , Luongo Pasquale , Miele Francesco , Allaria Alfredo , Torelli Francesco , Marrone Stefano , Gravina Michela , Sansone Carlo , Bollino Ruggiero , Bassi Paola , Sciarra Antonella , Arcaniolo Davide , Donnarumma Maddalena Claudia , Colonnese Chiara , Romano Lorenzo , Colapietra Federica , Di Domenico Marina , Docimo Ludovico , Agresti Massimo
Published: August 2024

Background: The diagnosis of prostate cancer can only be obtained following the analysis of the tissue taken by means of a biopsy. Given the position of the organ, the biopsy is typically assisted by ultrasound images and the procedure consists of taking different portions of tissue from different areas, according to a map well-defined by international standards. Given the invasiveness of the procedure, the objective set within the Synergy-Net project is to analyze biomedical images in order to guide the operator on identifying the most suspicious tissues. Results: The dataset acquired by the Synergy-Net Platform at the “Vanvitelli” Urology Operating Unit is made up of a total of 350 outpatient services from which the diagnosis emerged on ultrasound, elastosonography, RNM, and biopsy of 50 prostate carcinomas which were then operated on. In the context of the Synergy-Net project, a new convolutional architecture was therefore created based on the U-Net paradigm, designed to perform a slice-by-slice segmentation in DCE-MRI of the prostate. The data processing with CNNs was carried out on a dataset of 37 patients, selected from the initial 50 for completeness and uniformity of the data, all affected by k-prostatic disease, using a tenfold cross-validation in order to obtain a statistically more significant estimate of the goodness of the results obtained. The performance metric used was the DICE coefficient. Conclusion: The results present a low intra-subject variability and a high inter-subject variability, with DICE values ranging between a minimum of 5.8% and a maximum of 60.3%. On average, a value of 35% is reported, considering the arithmetic mean of the dice achieved on all folds (macro-average).
Designing Reactive Route Change Rules with Human Factors in Mind: A UATM System Perspective
Authors: Kim Jeongseok , Kim Kangjin
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the dynamic rerouting of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft in the context of urban air traffic management (UATM). Focusing on the interaction between human managers and the UATM network, we present a novel approach to reactive rerouting based on step-oriented simulation and condition-action rules. Our framework enables human intervention in response to congestion observed at vertiport corridors, allowing managers to request detours for approaching eVTOLs. We formulate the problem within the knowledge representation and reasoning (KR&R) paradigm and employ a multi-shot approach within an Answer Set Programming (ASP) solver to drive the step-oriented simulation. The structure of the paper follows a logical progression, including related work, preliminaries, a problem statement, proposed solutions, and a discussion, followed by a concluding section.
Behaviors and Patterns of TV News Viewing in Malaysia During and After Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Joo Tang Mui , Teng Chan Eang
Published: August 2024

The demise of Television (TV) news before Covid-19 has been an attention when people have shifted to online platforms for online news. Covid-19 Pandemic has changed the demand for TV news. The media landscape in Malaysia has then been reengineered by the impact of it. Driven by the theory of Fear Appeal in the information searching about Covid-19 during Malaysian Movement Control Order (MCO), TV news viewing has increased. This research aims to study the behaviors and patterns of TV news consumption during Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. It is also to study the significance of TV news to Malaysians during the Pandemic. This research targets to ascertain the change of trend in TV news viewing behaviors and patterns among Malaysians during and after the Pandemic. In-depth interviews are conducted with 10 interviewees from Northern, Central and Southern Sarawak, the largest state in Malaysia. Purposive sampling is applied where the interviewees are from the background of media practitioners, educators, and undergraduates. The interviews are conducted from end March to early April 2023. Written consent has been obtained and ethical clearance is gotten. It is found that the TV news viewing behaviors and patterns have changed starting from MCO. It is corresponding to the various statistics reviewed and to the theory of Fear Appeal in the updates of Covid-19. After MCO, Malaysians expect various contents, presentations, and promotional activities that can engage the audiences. It is also to cope and compete with the digitalization in the new phase of challenge.
Comparative Evaluation of Anomaly Detection Methods for Fraud Detection in Online Credit Card Payments
Authors: Thimonier Hugo , Popineau Fabrice , Rimmel Arpad , Doan Bich-Liên , Daniel Fabrice
Published: August 2024

This study explores the application of anomaly detection (AD) methods in imbalanced learning tasks, focusing on fraud detection using real online credit card payment data. We assess the performance of several recent AD methods and compare their effectiveness against standard supervised learning methods. Offering evidence of distribution shift within our dataset, we analyze its impact on the tested models’ performances. Our findings reveal that LightGBM exhibits significantly superior performance across all evaluated metrics but suffers more from distribution shifts than AD methods. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that LightGBM also captures the majority of frauds detected by AD methods. This observation challenges the potential benefits of ensemble methods to combine supervised, and AD approaches to enhance performance. In summary, this research provides practical insights into the utility of these techniques in real-world scenarios, showing LightGBM’s superiority in fraud detection while highlighting challenges related to distribution shifts.
Ethical Education Data Mining Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Large Language Model-Based Conversational Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Management and Entrepreneurship Courses
Authors: Ilagan Joseph Benjamin R. , Ilagan Jose Ramon S. , Rodrigo Maria Mercedes T.
Published: August 2024

Educational data mining (EDM) can be used to design better and smarter learning technology by finding and predicting aspects of learners. Amend if necessary. Insights from EDM are based on data collected from educational environments. Among these educational environments are computer-based educational systems (CBES) such as learning management systems (LMS) and conversational intelligent tutoring systems (CITSs). The use of large language models (LLMs) to power a CITS holds promise due to their advanced natural language understanding capabilities. These systems offer opportunities for enriching management and entrepreneurship education. Collecting data from classes experimenting with these new technologies raises some ethical challenges. This paper presents an EDM framework for analyzing and evaluating the impact of these LLM-based CITS on learning experiences in management and entrepreneurship courses and also places strong emphasis on ethical considerations. The different learning experience aspects to be tracked are (1) learning outcomes and (2) emotions or affect and sentiments. Data sources comprise Learning Management System (LMS) logs, pre-post-tests, and reflection papers gathered at multiple time points. This framework aims to deliver actionable insights for course and curriculum design and development through design science research (DSR), shedding light on the LLM-based system’s influence on student learning, engagement, and overall course efficacy. Classes targeted to apply this framework have 30–40 students on average, grouped between 2 and 6 members. They will involve sophomore to senior students aged 18–22 years. One entire semester takes about 14 weeks. Designed for broad application across diverse courses in management and entrepreneurship, the framework aims to ensure that the utilization of LLMs in education is not only effective but also ethically sound.
Sensing the Emergence of New Structure in Matter and Life and Its Impact on Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, in a Light-Based Quantum Computational Model
Authors: Malik Pravir
Published: August 2024

Recognition of new patterns in layers of matter and life is heavily dependent on the foundational schema or model that animates a sensing computational system. A symmetrical, fourfold light-based quantum computational model that links together layers such as quantum particles and molecular plans in cells, among other layers is positioned as the schema required to model a range of existing and even emerging patterns in and across levels. Fourfoldness in the model—related to four parts of a single pattern—stipulates the default way in which pattern recognition occurs. When conditions in the model are fulfilled such that the fourfoldness has reached a threshold level, then a fifth property implicit in the model surfaces, which allows specific emerging categories of patterns related to fivefoldness to be recognized. The prerequisite condition for such recognition is related to fourfold meta-function in source layers being more easily reflected in the external layers of the model, which morphs the mathematics of the model itself, to allow patterns related to the implicit or fifth property to also be recognized. Therefore, dynamics that we associate with space, time, energy, gravity, or the layer of quantum particles, or the layer of atoms, or the layer of molecular plans, can be parsed in terms of fourfold patterns, subsequently allowing the possibility of recognition of emerging patterns related to fivefoldness. Recognition of such patterns will provide additional insight into the changing physics, chemistry, and biology of target systems.
VOTUM: Secure and Transparent E-Voting System
Authors: Egocheaga Joaquin , Angulo William , Salas Cesar
Published: August 2024

Elections are an essential part of citizens’ rights, and they are also conducted in universities and colleges to ensure transparent selection of ideal authorities while preventing identity fraud and information loss among voters. It is worth noting that Internet voting has gained significant attention in recent years, with many organizations worldwide planning to experiment with and implement it. To address these challenges, we propose VOTUM, a free fraud e-voting system that incorporates two authentication methods: facial recognition and one-time password (OTP). Additionally, the system employs two cryptographic algorithms to encrypt voters’ information throughout the voting process and generates a unique code to verify the successful casting of votes. VOTUM's design is creative, flexible, colorful, and animated, aiming to encourage students and professors to fulfill their civic duty by participating in elections. Through interviews conducted with 31 students and university professors, we achieved a 90% trust level and a 15% margin of error to assess satisfaction with transparency, trust, and user experience within the VOTUM system. The results indicated a satisfaction level of over 90%, showing the significant contribution of this research in enhancing trust and transparency in the voting processes of universities and colleges.
Simulation and Fault Diagnostics Using I–V and P–V Curve Tracing
Authors: Mashiloane Kabelo , Le Roux Peet F. , Richards Coneth G.
Published: August 2024

Localization of problems continues to be very difficult, especially in large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems. Especially for small-scale PV plants, the layout of PV systems significantly impacts the efficiency of detection systems. Due to faults occurring within PV arrays, this paper aims to highlight the value of fault detection in PV systems through I–V curve features. This is achieved by simulating models using MATLAB/Simulink of normal and faulty operations. Investigating faults in solar PV arrays is critical in improving PV systems’ dependability, effectiveness, and safety. A quick and efficient way to determine the actual performance of solar PV modules or strings is to use the I–V curve. To guarantee a PV installation's operational dependability, fault detection is essential. Identifying and detecting faults, particularly in installations of solar systems, remains a major difficulty. The paper proposes an effective fault detection and identification method that uses PV array I–V curve analysis.
Building Equitable Research Partnerships: Learning From a Community Climate Resilience Grant Program
Authors: Cann K. , Leichenko R. , Herb J. , Kaplan M. , Howell N.
Published: August 2024

Calls for the co‐production of climate knowledge and services are increasingly prominent in research and funding proposals, including within federally funded programs. While co‐production has led to more accessible and relevant climate services for frontline communities, scholars have identified numerous barriers to equitable relationships and outcomes within co‐production partnerships. In an effort to support the development of climate services through equitable research partnerships, the Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast, a NOAA Climate Adaptation Partnership team, collaboratively designed and launched the Community Climate Resilience (CCR) Grant competition in 2022. The CCR program serves to provide funding and build capacity among community‐based organizations (CBOs) responding to climate variability in historically disinvested communities in the urban Northeast, as well as foster co‐production partnerships between the organizations and local university‐based researchers. This paper assesses the design and implementation of the program based on data collected through a survey of research partners, discussions with key stakeholders, and observation of relevant project meetings. Despite the incorporation of lessons from similar co‐production projects, program designers found several persistent impediments to equitable partnerships, including time constraints, funding limitations, and burdensome institutional requirements. We reflect on these challenges and offer strategies for overcoming barriers to equitable partnerships, including streamlining funding pass‐through structures, increasing transparency in funding competitions, promoting flexible funding options, and fostering communities of practice among CBOs and university partners. The findings are relevant for researchers and practitioners implementing equity‐focused co‐production partnerships and small grant programs in climate services and related fields.
The Predictability of the Downward Versus Non‐Downward Propagation of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in S2S Hindcasts
Authors: Nebel David M. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Cohen Judah , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Rao Jian , Schwartz Chen
Published: August 2024

Roughly one‐third of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events lack a strong canonical surface response, and this can lead to a forecast bust if a strong response was predicted. Hence, it is desirable to predict before SSW onset if an event will propagate downward. The predictability of the downward response of SSWs is considered in seven subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecast models for 16 major SSWs between 1998 and 2022, a larger sample size than considered by previous works. The models successfully predict before SSW onset which SSWs have a stronger downward response to 100 hPa, however they struggle to predict which have a stronger tropospheric response. The downward response is stronger if the magnitude of the deceleration of the 10 hPa winds is more accurately predicted. Downward response is stronger for split and absorbing SSWs. In contrast, there is little relationship between SSWs whose onset can be predicted at earlier leads and the downward response.
Distributionally robust sequential load restoration of distribution system considering random contingencies
Authors: Shen Yangwu , Shen Feifan , Jin Heping , Li Ziqian , Huang Zhongchu , Xie Yunyun
Published: August 2024

Natural disasters would destroy power grids and lead to blackouts. To enhance resilience of distribution systems, the sequential load restoration strategy can be adopted to restore outage portions using a sequence of control actions, such as switch on/off, load pickup, distributed energy resource dispatch etc. However, the traditional strategy may be unable to restore the distribution system in extreme weather events due to random sequential contingencies during the restoration process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy to determine restoration actions. Firstly, a novel multi‐time period and multi‐zone contingency occurrence uncertainty set is constructed to model spatial and temporal nature of sequential line contingencies caused by natural disasters. Then, a distributionally robust load restoration model considering uncertain line contingency probability distribution is formulated to maximize the expected restored load amount with respect to the worst‐case line contingency probability distribution. Case studies were carried out on the modified IEEE 123‐node system. Simulation results show that the proposed distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy can produce a more resilient load restoration strategy against random sequential contingencies. Moreover, as compared with the conventional robust restoration strategy, the proposed strategy yields a less conservative restoration solution.
Specific back pain – effective diagnosis and treatment from the radiologist’s point of view
Authors: Stueckle Christoph Alexander , Haage Patrick
Published: August 2024

The diagnosis and treatment of specific back pain is important in radiology. Due to the high number of patients suffering from back pain, it is important to provide excellent diagnostic and therapeutic support.

Based on a recent literature search and considering the relevant guidelines as well as expert opinions, the aspects of specific back pain important for radiologists in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are presented.

Clinical examination in combination with the medical history provides a valid suspected diagnosis. This should subsequently be verified radiologically. MRI is the most effective cross-sectional diagnostic method for investigating specific back pain. A conventional X-ray on two planes in a standing position can be a useful addition if postural causes are suspected. If the clinical symptoms match the morphological findings, radiological treatment can be carried out for nerve root involvement as well as for inflammatory changes of the facet joints. The improvement in symptoms after radiological therapy is considered good overall; at least a short-term improvement in symptoms can generally be achieved, but no reliable data is available regarding the long-term outcome. Using preparations containing triamcinolone, low dosages should be selected in accordance with the guidelines. Embedding in a multimodal pain therapy treatment concept should be considered.

Radiology provides essential diagnostic findings regarding specific back pain. Interventional pain therapy is an effective and safe method of treating proven specific back pain.
Das multizentrische Register „Oropharynxkarzinom“ des Deutschen Studienzentrums für HNO – erste Ergebnisse
Authors:   Autorinnen/Autoren,   Collaborators
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund Die Zahl der durch humane Papillomaviren (HPV) verursachten oropharyngealen Plattenepithelkarzinome (OPSCC) hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich zugenommen. Es gibt bislang jedoch keine belastbaren Daten über die Häufigkeit von HPV-assoziiertem OPSCC in Mitteleuropa und dessen Behandlung.

Ziel der Arbeit Die epidemiologische Erfassung von Patienten mit OPSCC und des Anteils der p16-positiven Tumoren in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) zertifizierten Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentren.

Material und Methoden Um die Evidenzlücke der Häufigkeit von p16-positiven OPSCC zu schließen, wurde ein multizentrisches Register eingerichtet, das Patienten mit OPSCC im deutschsprachigen Raum pseudonymisiert erfasst. Die Datenerfassung erfolgt prospektiv mit Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden in den Jahren 2022–2023 1312 Patienten mit einem OPSCC aus 34 Zentren eingeschlossen. Bei 720 Patienten (58,2 %) konnte p16 im Tumor nachgewiesen werden. Die häufigsten Lokalisationen der p16-positiven OPSCC waren mit 49,9 % die Tonsille und mit 28,7 % der Zungengrund. 63,1 % der p16-positiven OPSCC wurden primär chirurgisch behandelt, wohingegen nur 48,0 % der p16-negativen Tumoren primär operiert wurden. Bei der adjuvanten Therapie von OPSCC zeigen sich ebenfalls deutliche Unterschiede: 58 % der p16-negativen OPSCC erhielten keine adjuvante Therapie nach Operation, verglichen mit nur 37,1 % der p16-positiven OPSCC.

Schlussfolgerung Der Start der Oropharynx-Registerstudie verlief reibungslos. Dieses Register gibt bereits jetzt einen Einblick in die aktuelle Versorgungssituation von OPSCC im deutschsprachigen Raum und wird durch die Teilnahme weiterer Zentren an Bedeutung gewinnen.
Repeated Sprint Variations According to Circadian Rhythm at Different
Menstrual Cycle Phases
Authors: Kulaksız Tugba Nilay , Koşar Şükran Nazan , Hazir Tahir , Kin-Isler Ayse
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the repeated sprint performance in relation to circadian
rhythm during different menstrual cycle phases (MCP). Twelve volunteer
eumenorrheic women team sport athletes performed 5×6-s cycling sprints in
morning (9 am to 10 am) and evening (6 pm to 7 pm) sessions during the
mid-follicular (FP, 6th–10th d) and luteal phases (LP,
19th–24th d). Body weight, oral body temperature,
resting heart rate and lactate levels together with estradiol, progesterone and
cortisol levels were determined before tests. Relative peak and mean power and
performance decrements were determined as performance variables and maximum
heart rate, lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were determined as
physiological variables. Evening body temperatures were significantly higher.
Cortisol levels were higher in the morning and in the FP. Resting lactate levels
did not vary with MCP or time of day, but a significant MCP x time of day
interaction was observed. Body weight showed no change according to time of day
and MCP. There was no significant effect of MCP and time of day on performance
and physiological variables, in contrast, maximum lactate values were notably
higher in the evening. In conclusion, MCP and time of day need not be considered
during repeated sprint exercises of eumenorrheic women athletes.
Severe Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscular Adhesion by Pseudo-Volkmann's Contracture without Fracture: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Jae Woo , Kim Jong Chan , Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Jin Soo , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Dong Chul
Published: August 2024

Volkmann's ischemic contracture is a condition characterized by permanent ischemic damage to muscles and nerves due to vascular insufficiency, resulting in flexion contractures of the affected limb. In contrast, pseudo-Volkmann's contracture presents with similar clinical features but lacks ischemic damage and has the potential for complete recovery. We report a case of a 39-year-old man who developed failure of extension in the middle and ring fingers of the left hand following blunt forearm trauma from a rolling machine. Despite no skin breakage or fracture, his symptoms progressively worsened over 2 months without treatment. Surgical exploration 2 years later revealed severe adhesions of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle at the myotendinous junction to the ulnar periosteum, with immediate recovery after release. This case highlights pseudo-Volkmann's contracture in an adult without fracture, likely due to blunt trauma causing delayed adhesion formation.
Dihydromyricetin Improves High Glucose-Induced Dopaminergic Neuronal
Damage by Activating AMPK-Autophagy Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Qi , Song Zhenjiang , Peng Liting , Feng Shuidong , Zhan Kebin , Ling Hongyan
Published: August 2024

Introduction In recent years, a growing number of clinical and biological
studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at
increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Prolonged exposure to
hyperglycemia results in abnormal glucose metabolism, which in turn causes
pathological changes similar to PD, leading to selective loss of dopaminergic
neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a
naturally occurring flavonoid with various biological activities including
antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, the effect of DHM on
high glucose-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage was investigated.

Methods The potential modulatory effects of DHM on high glucose-induced
dopaminergic neuronal damage and its mechanism were studied.

Results DHM ameliorated high glucose-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage
and autophagy injury. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine abrogated the
beneficial effects of DHM on high glucose-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage.
In addition, DHM increased levels of p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and
phosphorylated UNC51-like kinase 1. The AMPK inhibitor compound C eliminated
DHM-induced autophagy and subsequently inhibited the ameliorative effects of DHM
on high glucose-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage.

Discussion DHM ameliorates high glucose-induced dopaminergic neuronal
damage by activating the AMPK-autophagy pathway.
Can optical evaluation distinguish between T1a and T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma: an international expert interobserver agreement study
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Mandarino Francesco Vito , Shahidi Neal , Hourigan Luke F. , Messmann Helmut , Wallace Michael B. , Repici Alessandro , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Haber Gregory B. , Taylor Andrew C.F. , Waxman Irving , Siersema Peter D. , Pouw Roos E. , Lemmers Arnaud , Bisschops Raf , Mosko Jeffrey D. , Teshima Christopher , Ragunath Krish , Rösch Thomas , Pech Oliver , Beyna Torsten , Sharma Prateek , Lee Eric Y. T. , Burgess Nicholas G. , Bourke Michael J. ,   on behalf of the study working group
Published: August 2024

Background Piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an acceptable technique for T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma, but en bloc R0 excision is advocated for T1b disease as it may offer a potential cure and mitigate recurrence. Thus, distinguishing between T1a and T1b disease is imperative under current treatment paradigms. We investigated whether expert Barrett’s endoscopists could make this distinction based on optical evaluation.

Methods Endoscopic images of histologically confirmed high grade dysplasia (HGD), T1a, and T1b disease (20 sets for each) were compiled from consecutive patients at a single institution. Each set contained four images including an overview, a close-up in high definition white light, a near-focus magnification image, and a narrow-band image. Experts predicted the histology for each set.

Results 19 experts from 8 countries (Australia, USA, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Belgium, and Portugal) participated. The majority had been practicing for > 20 years, with a median (interquartile range) annual case volume of 50 (18–75) for Barrett’s EMR and 25 (10–45) for Barrett’s endoscopic submucosal dissection. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (T1a/b) could be distinguished from HGD with a pooled sensitivity of 89.1 % (95 %CI 84.7–93.4). T1b adenocarcinoma could be predicted with a pooled sensitivity of 43.8 % (95 %CI 29.9–57.7). Fleiss’ kappa was 0.421 (95 %CI 0.399–0.442; P < 0.001), indicating fair-to-moderate agreement.

Conclusions Expert Barrett’s endoscopists could reliably differentiate T1a/T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma from HGD. Despite fair-to-moderate agreement for T staging, T1b disease could not be reliably distinguished from T1a disease. This may impact clinical decision making and selection of endoscopic techniques.
Sociodemographic Differences in Perspectives on Postpartum Symptom Reporting
Authors: Benda Natalie C. , Masterson Creber Ruth M. , Scheinmann Roberta , Nino de Rivera Stephanie , Pimentel Eric Costa , Kalish Robin B. , Riley Laura E. , Hermann Alison , Ancker Jessica S.
Published: August 2024

Objective The overall goal of this work is to create a patient-reported outcome (PRO) and decision support system to help postpartum patients determine when to seek care for concerning symptoms. In this case study, we assessed differences in perspectives for application design needs based on race, ethnicity, and preferred language.

Methods A sample of 446 participants who reported giving birth in the past 12 months was recruited from an existing survey panel. We sampled participants from four self-reported demographic groups: (1) English-speaking panel, Black/African American race, non-Hispanic ethnicity; (2) Spanish-speaking panel, Hispanic-ethnicity; (3) English-speaking panel, Hispanic ethnicity; (4) English-speaking panel, non-Black race, non-Hispanic ethnicity. Participants provided survey-based feedback regarding interest in using the application, comfort reporting symptoms, desired frequency of reporting, reporting tool features, and preferred outreach pathway for concerning symptoms.

Results Fewer Black participants, compared with all other groups, stated that they had used an app for reporting symptoms (p = 0.02), were least interested in downloading the described application (p < 0.05), and found a feature for sharing warning sign information with friends and family least important (p < 0.01). Black and non-Hispanic Black participants also preferred reporting symptoms less frequently as compared with Hispanic participants (English and Spanish-speaking; all p < 0.05). Spanish-speaking Hispanic participants tended to prefer calling their professional regarding urgent warning signs, while Black and English-speaking Hispanic groups tended to express interest in using an online chat or patient portal (all p < 0.05)

Conclusion Different participant groups described distinct preferences for postpartum symptom reporting based on race, ethnicity, and preferred languages. Tools used to elicit PROs should consider how to be flexible for different preferences or tailored toward different groups.
Less Is More: The Role of Mesh in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction with Abdominal Flaps
Authors: Liu Farrah C. , Najafali Daniel , Nguyen Dung , Momeni Arash
Published: August 2024

Background The use of mesh to reinforce the abdominal wall after abdominal flap harvest has been reported to decrease the risk of bulging and herniation. However, the impact of the plane of mesh placement in relation to the anterior rectus sheath (vs. no mesh) on postoperative abdominal complications remains unclear.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the length of stay and clinical outcomes in 158 female patients who underwent breast reconstruction with 250 free abdominal flaps. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent polypropylene sublay–onlay (“sandwich”) mesh placement (N = 70) versus polypropylene sublay–only mesh (group 2; N = 54) versus primary fascial repair without mesh (group 3; N = 34).

Results Patient demographics and comorbidities were comparable between study groups, except for rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (group 1: 53% vs. group 2: 33% vs. group 3: 24% [p < 0.01]), postoperative follow-up in months (group 1: 21.5; group 2: 11.5; group 3: 7.6 [p < 0.01]), and length of stay in days (group 1: 4.9 vs. group 2: 4.4 vs. group 3: 3.3 [p < 0.01]). No differences were observed in breast flap and donor-site complications between study groups. Patients in group 3 required significantly lower oral morphine equivalent units postoperatively compared with those in groups 1 and 2 (group 1:185.5 vs. group 2: 79.7 vs. group 3: 71.6 [p < 0.01]).

Conclusion Abdominal donor-site closure without mesh was associated with a shorter length of stay and less narcotic intake without an increase in donor-site complications. These findings should be considered when deciding to place mesh for donor-site closure after abdominal flap harvest.
Porphyrin-based nanoporous materials for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Lee Jeong Heon , Kim Younghun , Oh Sangyoon , Jang Woo-Dong
Published: August 2024

Alongside the unique photophysical properties, porphyrin derivatives play key roles in light harvesting of photosynthetic organisms. Due to their symmetrical structure, porphyrin derivatives serve as excellent building blocks for various porous materials, encompassing metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, and amorphous porous organic polymers. These materials capitalize on the beneficial characteristics of porphyrins, such as their absorption capabilities, redox activity, and coordination chemistry, while leveraging the surface area and porosity inherent in porous frameworks. Porphyrin-based porous materials are explored for diverse applications including gas storage, energy storage, catalysis, separation, sensing, and environmental remediation. Owing to their excellent photophysical properties, these nanoporous materials are suitable for light harvesting and photocatalysis applications. This review emphasizes the potential of artificial light-harvesting catalysts based on porphyrin-based porous materials for solar energy applications. Researchers aim to optimize material properties and design innovative architectures to enhance performance in solar energy conversion and photocatalytic applications, making this a rapidly evolving field. Specific applications discussed in the review include photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic water splitting, and perspectives on future developments in the field of porphyrin-based nanoporous materials for artificial light harvesting.
New type of solutions for Schrödinger equations with critical growth
Authors: Gao Yuan , Guo Yuxia
Published: August 2024

We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equations with critical growth: −Δu+V(|y|)u=uN+2N−2,u>0inRN, where V(|y|) is a bounded positive radial function in C1, N ≥ 5. By using a finite reduction argument, we show that if r2V(r) has either an isolated local maximum or an isolated local minimum at r0 > 0 with V(r0) > 0, there exists infinitely many non-radial large energy solutions which are invariant under some sub-groups of O(3).
On the quantum Guerra–Morato action functional
Authors: Knorst Josué , Lopes Artur O.
Published: August 2024

Given a smooth potential W:Tn→R on the torus, the Quantum Guerra–Morato action functional is given by I(ψ)=∫(DvDv*2(x)−W(x))a(x)2dx, where ψ is described by ψ=aeiuℏ, u=v+v*2, a=ev*−v2ℏ, v, v* are real functions, ∫a2(x)dx = 1, and D is the derivative on x ∈ Tn. It is natural to consider the constraint div(a2Du) = 0, which means flux zero. The a and u obtained from a critical solution (under variations τ) for such action functional, fulfilling such constraints, satisfy the Hamilton-Jacobi equation with a quantum potential. Denote ′ =ddτ. We show that the expression for the second variation of a critical solution is given by ∫a2D[v′] D[(v*)′] dx. Introducing the constraint ∫a2Du dx = V, we also consider later an associated dual eigenvalue problem. From this follows a transport and a kind of eikonal equation.
Comparison of vortex formation in expanded and curved aortic sinuses: The effect of sinus curvature
Authors: Lee Hyeonjin , Kang Jihun , Lee Donghyun , Ha Hojin , Park Hanwook
Published: August 2024

Aortic valve disease is a significant health issue. Research on the effects of aortic sinus geometry and aortic valve motion during a heartbeat is imperative, as numerous valvular diseases are associated with blood flow near the heart valve. Changes in the internal space of the sinus and the formation of blood clots have been reported after the implantation of a transcatheter aortic valve, an artificial heart valve. Although the sinus shape and leaflet motion significantly affect the hemodynamic characteristics and platelet aggregation, the blood flow behaviors near the heart valve associated with clot formation have not been fully elucidated. This study conducted in vitro experiments to investigate the flow behavior near an aortic sinus model based on the sinus shape. Additionally, hemodynamic changes associated with variations in the aortic sinus geometry and leaflet length within an aortic sinus model under pulsatile-flow conditions were elucidated. In a curved sinus model, a large single vortex formed near the center of the sinus region. Meanwhile, the center of the vortex in the sinus region shifted during a cycle in an expanded sinus model. Furthermore, a small vortex remained where the leaflet was initiated, thus increasing the likelihood of thrombus formation. Thus, the curved sinus model is advantageous for preventing material accumulation by maintaining a large vortex structure. The experimental results confirmed that the aortic sinus shape and leaflet length affect the likelihood of thrombus formation inside the aortic sinus.
Global solvability and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a fully parabolic nutrient taxis system
Authors: Huang Hanqi , Ren Guoqiang , Zhou Xing
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider the fully parabolic nu’trient taxis system: ut = d1Δu − ∇ · (ϕ(u, v)∇v), vt = d2Δv − ξug(v) − μv + r(x, t), x ∈ Ω, t > 0 under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a convex bounded domain with smooth boundary. We show that the system possesses a global bounded classical solution in domains of arbitrary dimension and at least one global generalized solution in high-dimensional domain. In addition, the asymptotic behavior of generalized solutions is discussed. Our results not only generalize and partly improve upon previously known findings but also introduce new insights.
Time-varying dynamic characteristic analysis of journal–thrust coupled bearings based on the transient lubrication considering thermal-pressure coupled effect
Authors: Shi Jiahao , Zhao Bin , Niu Xiaoxiao , Xin Qi , Xu Hanzhang , Lu Xiqun
Published: August 2024

This work studied the time-varying dynamic coefficients of journal–thrust coupled (JTC) bearing within a diesel engine crankshaft system. A transient thermoelastohydrodynamic coupled lubrication model of JTC bearings was established by considering pressure, flow, and heat continuity conditions at journal–thrust interface. On this basis, the dynamic coefficients of three degrees of freedom were further calculated. A transient lubrication experiment was conducted on a test rig to validate the established model. Parametric analysis was conducted to explore the transient lubrication performance and the dynamic coefficient of JTC bearing under different input parameters. Moreover, for cases when the crankshaft undergoes large axial movement, the influence of the JTC bearing dynamic coefficients on the natural characteristics of crankshaft were further analyzed to provide an analysis method for crankshaft vibration characteristics.
Nonvolatile control of valley related properties and valley-contrasting transport in multiferroic van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Qi Yunxi , Zhao Jun , Zeng Hui
Published: August 2024

It is highly desirable to tune valley-related property through reversible and electrically nonvolatile methods. Taking the VSiGeP4/Al2S3 heterostructure as an example, we demonstrate that the valley splitting and valley-contrasting transport in VSiGeP4 monolayer are significantly enhanced by using a ferroelectric Al2S3 substrate. The vertical strain and electric field can modulate valley splitting, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic ground state. The valley splitting is mainly governed by charge transfer between the two sublayers. The valley splitting and valley-contrasting transport are highly tunable when the ferroelectric polarization state of the Al2S3 substrate is the upward direction. In contrast, the valley splitting is rather robust when the ferroelectric polarization state is switched to the opposite direction. Furthermore, we propose to use electrical conversion between two opposite ferroelectric polarization states to obtain nonvolatile control of valley-related properties. Our research provides a proof-of-concept scheme to achieve electrical control based on multiferroic van der Waals heterostructures.
Linear stability analysis of compressible boundary layer over an insulated wall using compound matrix method: Existence of multiple unstable modes for Mach number beyond 3
Authors: Chaturvedi Neha , Bhaumik Swagata , Somvanshi Rituparn
Published: August 2024

The linear spatial stability of a parallel two-dimensional (2D) compressible boundary layer on an adiabatic plate is investigated by considering both 2D and three-dimensional (3D) disturbances. The compound matrix method is employed here, for the first time, for compressible flows, which, unlike other conventional techniques, can efficiently eliminate the stiffness of the equations governing the spectral amplitudes. The method is first validated with published results in the literature corresponding to spatial and temporal instability of flows ranging from low subsonic to high supersonic Mach numbers (M), which shows a good match depending upon the proper choice of free-stream temperature and the wall dispersion relation. Subsequently, flow compressibility effects and the spanwise variation of disturbances are also investigated for M ranging from low subsonic to high supersonic cases (from M = 0.1 to 6). Mack (AGARD Report No. 709, 1984) reported the existence of two unstable modes for M > 3 from viscous calculations (the so-called “second mode”) that subsequently fuse to create only one unstable zone when M increases. Our calculations show a series of higher-order unstable modes for M > 3 in addition to the findings of Ma and Zhong [“Receptivity of a supersonic boundary layer over a flat plate. Part 1. Wave structures and interactions,” J. Fluid Mech. 488, 31–78 (2003)], where such higher-order modes for supersonic boundary layers are all noted to be spatially stable. The number and the frequency extent of the corresponding unstable zones increase with an increase in M beyond 3 while propagating downstream at a higher speed than those corresponding to incompressible, subsonic, and low supersonic (M < 2) cases.