bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer at the time of presentation in a private hospital in Peshawar.
Authors: Ali Amjad
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and Pakistan has the highest rate of breast cancers in Asia. Breast cancer patients present very late with their symptoms in Pakistan as compared to the developed world. As a result, our survival outcomes are very poor. To estimate the frequency of breast cancer patients presenting with locally advanced and metastatic disease at presentation at our dedicated one-stop breast care unit (BCU) at Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Period: 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material and Methods: Data was prospectively collected of all breast cancer patients presenting to BCU and recorded both electronically and in hard copy, and analysed. Results: A total of 83 patients were identified. 30% of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation while 34% had locally advanced disease. Only 36% had early breast cancer. Conclusion: This study supported the previously reported trend of very late presentation of patients with breast cancer in Pakistan.
ANALISIS KERUSAKAN POHON DI HUTAN KOTA STADION KOTA METRO PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Abimanyu Bondan , Safe’i Rahmat , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Urban forest is one component of green open space. The assessment of the condition of tree damage in the area of ​​green open space is very important. Damage to trees can eliminate the function of the tree itself, it can even cause economic losses. Therefore, tree damage can be an indicator where trees are said to be healthy or sick. This study aims to determine the status of the condition of tree damage in the Stadion Urban Forest, Metro City, Lampung Province. The study was conducted using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The results showed that there were eight locations of tree damage with the most found locations of damage, namely at the branch location (code 7) as many as 115 locations (37.34%); 12 types of tree damage with the most types of damage found, namely the type of broken or dead branches (code 22) as many as 110 (35.71%); with an average severity of tree damage ≥20%. Thus the status of the condition of tree damage in the Stadion Urban Forest, Metro City, Lampung Province is in the healthy category of 300 trees (77%), is being 69 trees (18%), and sick 19 trees (5%).
HUBUNGAN VOLUME TEGAKAN DENGAN KANDUNGAN BIOMASSA TERSIMPAN SKALA PLOT PADA AREAL AGROFORESTRY DUSUNG DI DUSUN TOISAPU KOTA AMBON
Authors: Passal Ivan , Mardiatmoko Gun , Latumahina Fransina
Published: October 2019

The study was carried out in the Dusung Community Forest (Agroforestry) area of ​​Toisapu Negeri Hutumuri Hamlet, South Leitimur Sub-District, Ambon City in August - October 2018 to determine the relationship between stand volume and stored biomass for scale plots in dusung agroforestry areas in Toisapu Hamlet. For this reason, it begins with an inventory of potential at seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels so that information and data on the actual potential of carbon content in the dusung system are obtained based on the value of the diversity of stand volume and biomass content. The results of the three measurement plots showed that the highest biomass was seen to be dominated by Durian, Pala and Langsat and Duku and Clove plants. Based on the calculation of the biomass value of the total carbon content in the three plots, it can be seen biomass potential for a total 400 m² plot area or 0.04 ha for the three plots with an area of ​​1,200 m² or 0.12 ha having a total biomass of 50,783.77 Kg / m² multiplied by the assumption of 0.5% of the total amount of tree biomass and poles so that the total carbon content stored in the three plots is 25,391.88 kg / m² or 2,539.19 tons / ha.
Pemanfaatan Lahan Sempit Sebagai Tempat Budidaya Ikan Cupang di Mertasinga, Cilacap
Authors: Prasadi Oto
Published: October 2019

Betta splendens is an ornamental fish of economic value, this fish has the excellence color, fight instinct, and short life cycle. Betta fish into the category is easy to cultivate (narrow field). Betta splendens are one of 70 species of betta fish (Betta sp.) experienced breeding. The process begin several characters from body color, size and fin shape for ornamental and fight purposes. This potential can be implemented and developed to new breeders in members of breeder cilacap community, so as to improve the quality and quantity of betta fish. Existing problems i.e., how to optimize the unproductive narrow land more productive narrow land for the cultivation of betta fish and addition knowledges of betta cultivation, especially new breeders. This program 2 groups of citizens and 1 group of students. The solution provided, i.e., discussion about prospect of betta cultivation and focused training starting from selection of broodstock, process of breeding, egg and larvae breeding and feeding. The results from this activity is the use of land for the cultivation and the success of the spawning process new individuals both by citizens and students with entrepreneurship spirit.Sains
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter Peserta Didik Melalui Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka
Authors: Gazali Novri , Cendra Romi , Candra Oki , Apriani Leni , Idawati Idawati
Published: October 2019

The activities of the Community aims to provide planting character values learners through extracurricular Scouts in SMK Negeri 1 Rokan IV Koto, Rokan Hulu .Through character education, expected the learners are able to independently increase and use his knowledge, review and internalize and personalize the character values and morals noble so manifest in behavior everyday. Kegiatan community service societies was held at SMK Negeri 1 Rokan IV Koto, Rokan Hulu with p eserta is a student extracurricular Scout SMK Negeri 1 Rokan IV Koto, Rokan Hulu totalling 14 person. Material naturald this activity about the scope of the national character that must be ditanamakan against the students, who include 18 characters. As for the entire characters are: religious, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard working, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, passion, love of the fatherland, to appreciate the achievements, friendly/communicative, peace-loving, an avid reader, care for the environment, social care, and responsibility. This activity has many benefits for students that is shaping the character of the students, make students become more appreciative fellow, trained mentally and also the moral of the learners.
Conceptual Eurocentrism: Pros and Cons
Authors: Burgete Ayala Marina R. , Gerasimova Irina A.
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the problems of philosophical geography, philosophical multipolarity, georationality. The debates on these issues are becoming interdisciplinary. Specialists in Eastern philosophies and cross-cultural communications as well as epistemologists, scientific methodologists,  cognitive scholars, synergists became participants of the discussion held at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The problem of Eurocentrism in academic philosophy has become the main topic of discussion. The opponents of the “regional” multipolarity argued that the Western European tradition of rationality was an example of the rationality per se. The proponents, who relied heavily on the ad professionem arguments, advocated multipolarity and demonstrated the irreducibility of the world-pictures, languages and ontologies of philosophical systems. A point of view was expressed that Eurocentrism had an ideological background. The disputants noted that there was need to redefine or clarify such fundamental concepts as logic, rationality, scientific rationality, universalism, processuality. The redefinition of the concept of rationality is for the studies of various types of rationality outside European cultures. Methodologists of science drew attention that the cognitive problems of intercultural communications turned out to be similar to the problems faced by theory of complexity. The analysis of philosophical, logical and other cases in various “zones of exchange” reveals a plurality of directions in the global and local socio-cultural spaces. The panelists raised the question of the role of philosophy in the global world and its responsibility in uniting nations. The authors of the article draw attention to many functions that the Western European conceptual system performs in the formation of philosophical language, mentality and communication. The dynamics of philosophical discussions, the dialogue of the West and the East lead to the clarification of philosophical positions, the emergence of new concepts and meanings as well as the formation of discourses of the future.
The Problem of Harmonization of Linguistic Pictures of the World (The Case of Western European and Chinese Medicine)
Authors: Rubets Maria V.
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the problem of coexistence of different types of rationality, different scientific and linguistic pictures of the world as well as the problem of the adoption by one culture of another culture’s scientific picture of the world with accompanying transformations of the linguistic picture of the world of the recipient culture. The article deals with the experience of mutual research and collision between Western and Chinese traditions, using the example of medical science. The author examines the problem of the transfer of scientific medical knowledge from Western to Chinese culture in the context of a radical mismatch of scientific and linguistic pictures. The articles considers two different approaches to the translation of Western medical terminology into Chinese, developed at different times by English translators Benjamin Hobson and John Fryer. Hobson was focused on harmonizing new terminology with the usual concepts of the world language picture of the recipient. Fryer preferred to introduce new specific terms, artificially created directly for the needs of a new scientific picture of the world. In the field of medical terminology, the first of the two approaches turns out to be more viable, since it is more focused on its “end users” – Chinese doctors who study Western medicine in order to use its methods in their medical practice. Therefore, there is only partial applicability of the approaches, methods and terminology developed in one tradition for the evaluation and development of another tradition.
The Dao through the Prism of the Logos: Eurocentrism at the Level of Concepts
Authors: Krushinskiy Andrey A.
Published: October 2019

Despite the declarations about the possibility of rationalities that are alternative to Western European, despite the reasoning about philosophical multipolarity, the multiplicity of ways of thinking, etc., nowadays, the Western European paradigm of rationality (and concepts that corresponds to it), which is derived from Hellenic thought, continues to claim the status of ideological neutrality and transcend any intercivilizational differences. The Western European rationality in all its diversity is now acting as rationality as such. The indispensability of the reference to the Greek conceptual apparatus in contemporary philosophizing manifests itself most openly in the form of comparativism. Thus, there is the focus on carrying out explicit parallels between, on the one hand, the studied non-European intellectual phenomena and, on the other hand, their supposed European counterparts. An example of the cross-cultural and methodologically sound research of the problems of rationality is an analysis of the Dao through the prism of the Logos. The statement of the uniqueness of the Greek Logos does not imply the prohibition of the existence of its original counterparts in the so-called “non-Western” civilizations with an ancient and distinctive culture. The assumption of the existence of their own analogues of the Logos and rationality in various non-European civilizations presumes the most interesting question about the pluralism of rationalities – the question about the existence of rationalities in the past that could be considered as an alternative to the now prevailing Western European standard of rationality.
Effects of Slaughter Age and Season on Final Weight and Carcass Characteristics in Holstein-Friesian Cull Cows
Authors: ARDİCLİ Sena
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to
quantify the factors associated with age at slaughter and slaughter season in cull cows.
Data from 159 Holstein-Friesian cull cows were used and the cows were divided
into three age groups including, very young (<2 years), young (2-3years) and
mature (>3years). Results indicated that mature cull cows were
characterised by higher live weight, carcass weights, and bone content, whereas,
young cull cows were characterised by higher carcass dressing values. In
addition, autumn was significantly associated with higher live weight, bone
content percentage, and processing loss, whereas, summer was associated with
higher carcass dressings and chilling loss. No significant differences were
observed in values of total meat yield and percentage and yields of valuable
cuttings. The present results may be useful for the evaluation of factors
influencing the decision to cull dairy cows.
Analytic and Interpretational Pitfalls to Measuring Fecal Corticosterone Metabolites in Laboratory Rats and Mice
Authors: Rowland Neil E , Toth Linda A
Published: October 2019

Minimization and alleviation of stress are generally viewed as desirable aspects of laboratory animal management and use. However, achieving that goal requires an unambiguous and valid measure of stress. Glucocorticoid concentrations are commonly used as a physiologic index of stress.
Measurement of glucocorticoids in blood, serum or plasma clearly reflects many types of both acute and chronic stress. However, the rapid rise in concentrations of circulating glucocorticoids that occurs even with relatively simple manipulations such as handling has led to the increased use
of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FCM) assays, which provide a temporally integrated measure that may allow a more accurate interpretation of chronic stressors. In this review, we consider 3 aspects of glucocorticoids as a measure of stress. First, we discuss the analytic and interpretational
pitfalls of using FCM concentrations as an index of stress in mice and rats. Second, we consider evidence that some degree of stress may benefit animals by priming physiologic and behavioral adaptations that render the animals more resilient in the face of stress. Finally, we use 2 situations—social
housing and food restriction—to illustrate the concept of hormesis—a biologic phenomenon in which a low dose or intensity of a challenge has a beneficial effect, whereas exposure to high doses or intensities is detrimental.
INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN TREATMENT METHOD ON AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MIGRATORY-MYCELIAL CLAY AGROCHERNOSEM SOIL OF SOUTH- EAST PART OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH RESERVE
Authors: Grebennikov A. M. , Isaev V. A. , Cheverdin Yu. I. , Garmashov V. M. , Nuzhnaya N. А. , Kornilov I. M.
Published: October 2019

In a field experiment on legalistic migration mizelialnah agrofermotech the South-East of CCZ considers the influence of processing method on agrochemical soil properties in a year and four years after laying the experience. To take into account the effect of tillage on the agrochemical properties of the soils in the corresponding experimental variants the humus content were determined by Tyurin and carbonates by Kozlovsky and mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium – according to Chirikov in depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 cm in the selected samples. A study of the change in stocks of soil properties important for plant nutrition along the profile to a depth commensurate with the extent of the root system of crops was made. In assessing the heterogeneity of agro-chernozems on plots with different main tillage methods the coefficient of variation of the organic matter content, mobile phosphorus, and metabolic potassium in soil samples taken from depths of 0 - 10, 10 - 20, and 20 - 30 cm were calculated. It is shown that for the three years that passed between the agrochemical properties of some trends in the distribution of nutrients and organic matter on variations of the experience have remained virtually unchanged, whereas were marked and significant changes of these parameters in the upper layer of the soil column, depending on the applied processing method. The increase in the reserves of organic matter and plant nutrients in the variant with zero treatment compared to other methods, observed after four years of experiments, is apparently associated with the manifestation of the fertilizing effect of soil with mulch rotting, applied at zero treatment on the surface of agrochernozems.
ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF RANGELAND VEGETATION OF KOCHUBEY BIOSPHERE STATION OF NORTH-WESTERN PRE-CASPIAN
Authors: Babaeva M. A. , Osipova S. V.
Published: October 2019

The influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the change in species diversity and transformation in plant communities has been studied. Studies have shown negative effect of external factors to preserve valuable fodder grass depends on different pasture use patterns on the territory of the Kochubey Biosphere Station. A marked decline in the phytocenosis productivity dynamics with an increased load of 9.53-10.95c / ha under insufficient humidification conditions was shown. The results of the studies are shown that the vegetation change features are primarily caused the occurrence of anthropogenic landscape with dominance of the most persistent xerophytes shrubs and change of native species of communities of unsuitable plant species for feed that form in the continental climate. Changes in the vegetation cover composition and the ratio of the forage grasses species are traced. The uneven distribution of fodder mass between plant species in different seasons of the year was revealed. Established significant changes in the vegetation cover in the experimental plots. Stand of grass is thinned, low projective cover – 20-30%. In places of accumulation of growing species, especially in cereals, the loss of unstable species is observed. The productivity of pasture phytocenosis due to ephemera, forbs, especially dominant xerophytic shrubs of the wet period ranges 14.4-14.18 c / ha, which is associated with increased moisture and normalized load compared to dry years (9.53-10.9c / ha).
EVALUATION OF THE DAIRY COWS LIFE EXPECTANCY USING RED BLOOD CELL ANTIGENS OF THE B-SYSTEM OF BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: Kondratyuk E. A.
Published: October 2019

Reduction of times of productive use of dairy cows in the conditions of modern technology of their keeping and feeding is the basis for analyzing the causes of early morbidity of the animals. One of the spheres of finding a solution for this problem is the search for genetic factors of productive longevity with the use of erythrocytic antigen-markers the B-system blood type. On the basis of the retrospective analysis the main reasons were found for animal morbidity of the Ayrshire breed in the breeding farms of Karelia. Using methods of cluster, factor and discriminating analysis, the population of cows (441 species) was reliably divided according to a number of indicators (longevity of life, productivity, live mass and the age of first calving) into three groups. The animals of the first cluster are of the greatest interest, where the longevity is 21 % higher than average, and the third, where this indicator is 27 % lower. At the same time, in each cluster frequency of alleles of EAB-system: in the first one the most widespread were the alleles BYA’E’3G’P’Q’, В1I1O1P1P’1F’2G’’, В1I1P1A’1G’’, B2G2O1G’’, Y2A’2, in the third one – B1Y2E’3G’G’’, B2G2O1Q’I’’ and P1A’1G’G’’. Distribution of animals according to the most frequent alleles showed that the values of longevity exceeding the single sample mean were found in the following groups: В1I1O1P1P’1F’2G’’, В1I1P1A’1G’’, ВYA’E’3G’P’Q’, B2G2O1G’’, PI’, P2I’, Y2A’2 . Totally, it is 22,9 % of the livestock under study. Values under the average level are typical for the groups: B1Y2E’3G’G’’, B2G2O1Q’I’’, O1, P1A’1G’G’’, Q, A’1, A’1E’1 and A’1I’’, which covers 56, 9 % of the livestock. Immunogenotypic markers of high life expectancy in the researched stock: alleles В1I1P1A’1G’’, B2G2O1G’’, Y2A’2 were more frequent in the first cluster and were characterized by the maximal values of this indicator. On the contrary, alleles B1Y2E’3G’G’’, B2G2O1Q’I’’, P1A’1G’G’’ were widespread in the third cluster and the life expectancy of animal-carriers was the lowest.
BAROQUE EPOCH - ARTWORK DIRECTIONS
Authors: Demchenko Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: October 2019

В рубрике От главного редактора продолжается публикация большой серии художественно-исторических эссе, в которых последовательно рассматриваются крупнейшие эпохи. Эти обзоры призваны наметить панораму эволюции человечества в призме реалий всех видов искусства с выходом на онтологические обобщения. В предыдущих эссе были рассмотрены Древний мир, Античность, Средневековье, Возрождение и Барокко.
ETHNOCULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE RUSSIANS AND THE BURYATS IN MONGOLIA
Authors: Sundueva Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Myagmarsүren Odmandakh
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the preservation of the acquired Russian traditions of the Mongolian Buryats, considers ethnic peculiarities of the Baikal Russians in Mongolia and their relations with the Buryats. The analysis is carried out from the ethnographic viewpoint. There is no exact information about the Russians who arrived in Mongolia together with the Buryats, except for rare memoirs of old residents. So the authors, for the first time, have conducted a field research and gathered fragmented data on the destiny of the Russians who lived together with the Buryats. The paper provides some information about the Russian children adopted by the Mongolian families. Special attention is paid to “living” traditions examined from the viewpoint of ethnography and folklore studies.
ΦΙΛΑΥΤΊΑ FROM PLATO TO PATRICIUS: IDENTITY VS OTHERNESS
Authors: Zharinov Semen Aleksandrovich , Bulgakova Irina Anatol'evna
Published: October 2019

The article provides a heterological analysis of philautia, “self-love”, in the context of the ancient, medieval and Renaissance philosophy of love. The paper identifies the status of self-love in most influential conceptions of love of the mentioned periods, emphasizes the fact that this status is determined by the approach to the ontological problem of identity and otherness. The authors conclude that recognizing self-love as a basic and constitutive form of love (Eros) is typical of monistic and monistic-oriented ontologies (Platonism, Neo-Platonism, Aristotelianism, et al.). The relation of monism and self-love is explicitly represented in the works of Renaissance Neo-Platonic Franciscus Patricius. He claims that “the Other” can be loved only as an image of oneself (alter ego), which presupposes the reduction of his otherness in relation to identity. A different situation is observed in Christianity, where amorous relations between “the Others” constitute the ontology of the God itself. Here love (agape) exclusively means an attitude towards “the Other” as “the Other”, i.e. a unique personality.
MATERIAL OBJECTS AS AN ELEMENT OF HISTORICAL REALITY
Authors: Shcherbakov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2019

The article justifies the thesis that material objects, being an element of historical reality, are a form of objective existence of historical past in the present. It is shown that actual past of a material object includes all the transformations it has undergone during its existence, and, consequently, its variability is a feature of its historicism. Among the elements of historical reality transferred into the present by means of material objects, the author identifies the following ones: physical features and characteristics of an object, inherent conceptions as well as relational statuses and qualities imparted by the society.
“REBELLIOUS HUMAN” IN N. K. MIKHAYLOVSKY’S THEORY OF STRUGGLE FOR INDIVIDUALITY
Authors: Vyazinkin Aleksei Yur'evich
Published: October 2019

The article considers the conception of the historical types of a “rebellious human” in the ideological heritage of the Russian sociologist, publicist, Narodnik movement ideologist N. K. Mikhaylovsky (1842-1904). His concern for this issue, which affects the philosophical and anthropological content of his worldview, fits well into the ethically and anthropologically justified theory of struggle for individuality, in which the Russian Narodnik laid foundations for the conception of a sovereign personality. The historical types of a “rebellious human” represented in Mikhaylovsky’s works - “outlaws” and “devotees” - are considered as universal. Applying to the artistic and philosophical heritage of the German writer and essayist Ernst Jünger (1895-1998), the author draws parallels between the historical types of a “rebellious human” in Mikhaylovsky’s theory and the forms of rebellion in the epoch of modernity and post-history.
PERSONALITIES OF YAMAL COMMERCIAL COOPERATION
Authors: Aksarin Vyacheslav Valerievich
Published: October 2019

The article examines the process of the formation and development of Yamal commercial cooperation. Relying on previously unknown archival materials, the paper analyses the organizational and legal issues of forming the industrial artels of the Yamalo-Nenets Commercial Cooperative Association, examines the biographies of their leaders. The author identifies the forms and methods of administering the mentioned artels. The paper clarifies the contribution of the commercial cooperative officials to the socio-economic development of North-Western Siberia.
MUSLIM COMMUNITIES OF THE USA AND CANADA: MODERN MIGRATION CHALLENGES
Authors: Nuriakhmetova Flyura Mubarakzyanovna
Published: October 2019

The article examines the peculiarities of the American and Canadian models of the Muslim immigrants’ integration into the western society considering modern migration streams from Islamic countries. The author believes that, in contrast to the USA, Canada’s policy of multiculturalism allows preserving cultural diversity, tolerant attitude to both local and imported traditions. The paper concludes that world experience and approaches to solving the immigration problem justify the efficiency of multiculturalism policy as a strategy of ethnic integration.
MYTHOLOGICAL TIME AND SPACE AS FACTORS OF INSTITUTIONAL FORM-GENERATION AND REPRODUCTION
Authors: Ryabtsev Sergei Viktorovich , Kirillov Pavel Evgen'evich
Published: October 2019

The article analyses mythological time and space as factors of institutional form-generation and reproduction. It is shown that social myth ensures transitivity and expansion of institutional life forms, determines dynamics of the stable forms of social life actualizing the variability of temporal shifts. The paper identifies the role of mythological time and space while constructing actual social reality. The authors introduce a conception of a mythological meta-code, which binds together time and space into perceptual whole. The conclusion is made that conceptual-mythological space-time is a basic factor of reproduction and maintenance of institutional relations.
MODERN APPROACHES TO STUDYING RURAL EVERYDAY LIFE AND RURAL CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Turov Rostislav Sergeevich
Published: October 2019

The article presents a survey of modern studies of rural everyday life and rural culture as the key features of rural tourism. The author describes a modern domestic attempt of studying rural everyday life within such scientific trend as peasant studies, characterizes foreign approaches to analysing rural culture as a particular area of scientific interest. It is shown that modern Russian studies on rural tourism do not sufficiently use the existing potential of culturological analysis. The conclusion is made that there is a necessity to expand this analysis within the framework of agricultural universities’ research activity.
SOCIAL AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF V. V. OBRAZTSOV IN THE 1920-1930S
Authors: Budaichiev Baiyshbek Dakibaevich
Published: October 2019

The article examines the creative work of V. V. Obraztsov, one of the founders of the Kyrgyz professional fine art in the 1920-1930s. The researcher emphasizes the artist’s activity to promote the development of national art (establishing an artistic workshop, first drawing studios at schools and enterprises, conducting exhibitions of amateur painters, etc.). The paper reveals the artist’s contribution to the development of newspaper graphics, which played a key role in the formation of new art in the mountain region. The researcher analyses V. V. Obraztsov’s paintings representing the past and present of Kyrgyzstan.
ANALYSIS OF MONGOLIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE: METAPHYSICAL ASPECT
Authors: Kanareva Tat'yana Nikolaevna , Uranchimeg Dorzhsuren , Shishin Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: October 2019

The article justifies the necessity to shift the focus from art historical studies to a deeper analysis of temple architecture. The iconological approach to studying semantic aspects of temple architecture is considered as the most promising one. Proceeding from the postulate that the temple is a reflection of the Universe in the religious picture of the world, the article reveals the metaphysical essence of the Mongolian Buddhist temple. Basing on the paradigm “Universe - temple - mandala”, the authors justify the key importance of the semantic and metaphysical aspect while analysing temple architecture.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARTISTIC POTENTIAL OF THE EUROPEAN COMICS IN EDMOND BAUDOIN’S CREATIVE WORK
Authors: Panina Nina Leonidovna , Zvir Margarita Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2019

The article describes a vivid example of individualization and creative adoption of the European comics, the ground for inter-medial experiments of the French painter Edmond Baudoin. The artist not only introduces high-quality graphics into comics but creates truly deep artistic space applying to other forms of art. The researchers consider such issues as the formation of the artist’s creative method and reliability of guidelines identified by Edmond Baudoin himself in his autobiographical works.
D. F. TSAPLIN’S BARNAUL PERIOD AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF THE ALTAI SCULPTURE
Authors: Tsareva Natal’ya Stepanovna
Published: October 2019

The article considers the creative work of D. F. Tsaplin (1890-1967), the Russian sculptor who made a significant contribution to the development of the psychological portrait genre and animalistics. In the late 90s of the last century, his creative heritage was essentially lost. Currently, there are serious attempts to reconstruct the artist’s creative method, to analyse his works, to describe the basic periods of his life and creation. Only a few of his works are now available in the Russian and foreign museums. In Russia, the artist was associated with three cities: Saratov, Moscow and Barnaul. For the first time, the article describes Tsaplin’s stay in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War and his works of that period. D. F. Tsaplin’s role in the formation of the Altai sculpture is ascertained.
ACTIVITY OF PEASANT MUTUAL ASSISTANCE COMMITTEES AS ONE OF SOCIAL WORK TRENDS IN THE 1920S (BY THE EXAMPLE OF YAKUTIA)
Authors: Burnasheva Nataliya Ivanovna
Published: October 2019

The article reveals the role of peasant mutual assistance committees in organizing social assistance to the rural population of Yakutia in the 1920s. It is shown that in the hard period of restoring the national economy, the tasks of peasants’ social assistance were delegated to the mutual assistance committees. Analyzing and summarizing the information from archival sources, the author for the first time examines the formation and activity of mutual assistance committees in Yakutia. The paper concludes that the system of mutual assistance established in the 1920s laid foundations for peasant self-government, motivated them to solve social problems on their own.
VISITATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL DISTRICTS’ TRUSTEES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Gracheva Yuliya Evgen'evna
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to analysing the visitations of the first trustees of educational districts of the Russian Empire. The researcher’s attention is focused on such issues as the periodicity of the trustees’ inspections, their inspiration for visitations. The peculiarities of each of six educational districts are identified. Relying on previously unknown archival materials, the author traces the mechanism of the inspection trips and reveals the causes of less frequent personal inspections of gymnasiums and district schools. The researcher concludes that personal inspections were most frequently conducted in the educational institutions of Kharkov educational district, whose trustee managed to visit all his provinces.
Promoting diversity. The Polonia Book Fund, Ltd Transnational Network, 1958-1963
Authors: Sowinski Pawel
Published: October 2019

This article discusses
the history of the so-called “book program”—a joint effort by the U.S.
government, the East European diaspora, and readers of prohibited books behind
the Iron Curtain. Between 1956 and 1989 the program purchased some 10 million
copies of publications and delivered them to people in Soviet–dominated Eastern
Europe in order to undermine communist rule. Using the historical materials of
the Polonia Book Fund, a U.S.–sponsored publishing
project for Poland, this article contributes new insights on the transatlantic
perspective of the cultural Cold War. This article focuses on the program’s
early stages, and describes various elements of the transnational smuggling
network. The program’s state-private partnership was a workable solution that helped
to foster a diversity of opinions in post-Stalinist Poland.
MODEL PROJEK BASE LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIFITAS DALAM MATA KULIAH SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN
Authors: SNJPSFISUNP
Published: October 2019

Mahasiswa kurang kreativ dalam mata kuliah Sejarah Pendidikan selama ini. mahasiswa cendrung mengerjakan project sesuai dengan yang mereka pahami. Kreativitas belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah pendidikan masih tergolong rendah.Tujuan penelitian ini (1) untuk mengetahui aktivitas dosen dan mahasiswa terhadap materi sejarah Pendidikan zaman masa Islam melalui model Project Based Learning pada mahasiswa prodi pendidikan Sejarah STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. (2) Untuk mengetahui kreativitas belajar mahasiswa dengan melaksanakan model Project Based Learning pada mahasiswa 2017/A prodi pendidikan Sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang meliputi empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa berjumlah 48 orang. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh rata-rata hasil observasi aktivitas dosen siklus I sebesar 64,21% (cukup) mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II 77,89% (baik) dan semakin meningkat pada siklus III 91,57% (baik sekali). Hasil observasi aktivitas mahasiswa pada siklus I 63% (cukup) dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 77% (baik) dan semakin meningkat pada siklus III 95% (baik sekali). Sedangkan untuk kreativitas mahasiswa juga mengalami peningkatan, pada siklus I dengan persentase 62,54% (kreativitas sedang) dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II dengan persentase 68,66% (kreativitas sedang) dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus III dengan persentase 78,57% (kreativitas tinggi). Dengan demikian model Project Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa pada materi sejarah pendidikan zaman masa Islam pada mahasiswa 2017 Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.
Introduction: an empirical framework for deconstructing the realities of governing marine protected areas
Authors: Jones Peter JS , De Santo Elizabeth M , Qiu Wanfei
Published: October 2019

Debates surrounding governance strategies for marine protected areas (MPAs) have to date largely focused on top-down, bottom-up or market-based approaches. Whilst co-management approaches for governing MPAs are widely accepted as a way forward for combining these three strategies, many interpretations of this concept exist and it is applied in many different ways in MPAs in different contexts. This study aimed to explore governance through a case-study approach based on a specifically developed empirical framework – the marine protected area governance (MPAG) analysis framework – to increase understanding of how to combine the three governance approaches. A dialogue with MPA practitioners in 20 case studies helped shape the MPAG analysis framework as it developed, and an international workshop was held on ‘Governing MPAs’, bringing the practitioners together to compare results and further develop the framework. This paper provides an overview of the topic and research methodology and briefly introduces the case studies further explored in this special issue
Hunger affects social decisions in a multi-round Public Goods Game but not a single-shot Ultimatum Game
Authors: Fraser Sam , Nettle Daniel
Published: October 2019

Objective. People have the intuition that hunger undermines social cooperation, but experimental tests of this have often produced null results. One possible explanation is that the experimental tasks used are not rich enough to capture the diverse pathways by which social cooperation can be sustained or break down in real life. We studied the effects of hunger on cooperation in two tasks of differential interaction richness. Methods. We manipulated hunger by asking participants to eat, or refrain from eating, breakfast. Participants in experiment 1 (n = 106) played a one-shot Ultimatum Game. Participants in experiment 2 (n = 264) played twenty rounds of a Public Goods Game in the same groups of four, ten rounds with the possibility of punishing other group members, and ten without. Results. In experiment 1, skipping breakfast had no significant effects on either amounts proposed or minimum acceptable offers. In experiment 2, there were multiple different significant effects of the manipulation. No-breakfast participants were more generous in the first round of the game without punishment, and in subsequent rounds, were more influenced by what other group members had done the round before. In the punishment game, no-breakfast participants were also less likely to punish their group-mates than breakfast participants. Consequently, the possibility of punishment was less effective in increasing group cooperation levels in no-breakfast groups. Conclusion. Replicating earlier findings, we found a null effect of hunger on cooperation in a one-shot Ultimatum Game. However, in our richer Public Goods Game, the dynamics of cooperation differed with hunger, in subtle ways not simply classifiable as hungry participants being ‘more’ or ‘less’ cooperative overall.
Where the truth lies: how sampling implications drive deception without lying
Authors: Ransom Keith , Voorspoels Wouter , Navarro Danielle , Perfors Amy
Published: October 2019

Efficient communication leaves gaps between message and meaning. Interlocutors, by reasoning about how each other reasons, can help to fill these gaps. To the extent that such meta-inference is not calibrated, communication is impaired, raising the possibility of manipulation for deceptive ends. We examined how people reason when acting as the perpetrator or target of deception across two related experiments. Importantly, the nature of the task precluded outright lying. Thus, deception required withholding information or providing data that was factually correct but nonetheless misleading. We find evidence for two distinct patterns of behaviour. One group of people appear to make assumptions about communicative intent based on context and message content. Senders in this group were more likely to mislead, and receivers were more effectively misled. A second group of people appeared to adopt a more defensive stance, displaying the same cautious approach in all situations. We explain this behaviour using a computational account of the kinds of inferences required by both receiver and sender. These distinct patterns arise from different assumptions about the generative process behind communication.
Can inferencing be trained in preschoolers using shared book reading? A randomised controlled trial of parents’ inference-eliciting questions on oral inferencing ability.
Authors: Davies Catherine , McGillion Michelle , Rowland Caroline F , Matthews Danielle
Published: October 2019

The ability to make inferences is essential for effective language comprehension. While inferencing training benefits reading comprehension in school-aged children (see Elleman, 2017 for a review), we do not yet know whether it is beneficial to support the development of these skills prior to school entry. In a pre-registered randomised controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of a parent-delivered intervention intended to promote 4-year-olds’ oral inferencing skills during shared book reading. One hundred children from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds were randomly assigned to inferencing training or an active control condition of daily maths activities. The training was found to have no effect on inferencing. However, inferencing measures were highly correlated with children’s baseline language ability. This suggests that a more effective approach to scaffolding inferencing in the preschool years might be to focus on promoting vocabulary to develop richer and stronger semantic networks.
Breast Capital: A Glance Journey of Yuli Rahmawati as an Entertainer for Our Time
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Women's studies work on sexuality generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. I consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. This work highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in the career of Yuli Rahmawati as known as Jupe nor discusses the important implications of use her erotic capital (especially breast) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment whereby resistance equals empowering and reproduction equals disempowering, and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard. This work dedicating to Yuli Rahmawati, as my tribute to the entertainer for our time.
DISCRICIONARIEDADES NOS PROCEDIMENTOS CONTÁBEIS DO ATIVO NÃO CIRCULANTE IMOBILIZADO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A ITAIPU BINACIONAL
Authors: Cescon José Antonio , Piacentini Neusa , Coelho Daniela Miguel , Kronbauer Clovis Antônio
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as principais práticas discricionárias ocorridas na contabilização dos itens que compõem o Imobilizado da Itaipu Binacional, localizada no Rio Paraná, no trecho de fronteira entre o Brasil e o Paraguai. Para tanto, se fez um estudo de caso cujos dados se extraíram das demonstrações contábeis e dos relatórios anuais do período de 2005 a 2017 disponibilizados no site da empresa. A análise, do tipo quantitativo, permite afirmar que o cálculo e o reconhecimento da depreciação têm um impacto elevado na composição patrimonial da Itaipu Binacional. Por essa razão, é importante que a entidade passe a divulgar a expectativa de vida útil e os critérios a serem adotados em relação ao reconhecimento da depreciação. Isso porque, com a liquidação prevista para 2023 da obrigação financeira referente ao financiamento para a sua construção, a Itaipu Binacional terá que determinar o procedimento para o processo de “custos” no sentido de estabelecer um valor de venda da energia gerada para a obtenção de receitas que cubram seus custos e ainda sejam competitivas, principalmente no mercado de energia do Brasil e do Paraguai.
Identificação in silico de potenciais alvos antigênicos de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Marques Andressa , Bastos Bruno Lopes , Filho José Tadeu Raynal , De Farias Antônio Pedro Froes , Nascimento Roberto José Meyer
Published: October 2019

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis. Caseous lymphadenitis mainly affects small ruminants such as goats and sheep. Controlling the disease is very difficult, since the disease is already established in the herd. Objective: The protease of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was subjected to in silico evaluation of subcellular localization and protein topology. The in silico prediction of linear B cell epitopes was performed and the conservation analysis of these epitopes was performed on other C. pseudotuberculosis proteomes deposited in the UNIPROT database. Results: 111 proteins were selected from the subcellular evaluation and protein topology, with the subsequent submission of these proteins to a prediction of linear B cell epitopes and their conservation analysis in other proteases of C. pseudotuberculosis, resulting in 9 proteins with one or more regions of epitopes conserved in the same protein. Conclusion: Conserved regions favor a greater recognition of antigens when evaluated. In addition, a list of epitopes that can be synthesized and tested in vitro is provided in this paper.
Changes in Thoracic Kyphosis and Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Asymptomatic Korean Male Subjects Aged >50 Years: Do They Progress Above T5, T10, T12, or L2?
Authors: Park Jae-Hong , Kim Youngbae B. , Hyun Seung-Jae , Kang Kyu-Bok , Park Pil-Sun
Published: October 2019

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Purpose: To evaluate the natural progression of segmental kyphosis in thoracic and thoracolumbar spine with advancing age.Overview of Literature: To our knowledge, the evolution of segmental thoracic kyphosis (TK) in individuals aged >50 years has not been reported.Methods: Total 179 normal, asymptomatic Korean men were divided in to three groups (6th, 7th, and 8th decade) according to their age. Standard sagittal spinopelvic parameters, including TK and thoracolumbar kyphosis, were measured and subdivided into the following four segments: A (C7 upper end plate [UEP]–T5 UEP), B (T5 UEP–T10 UEP), C (T10 UEP–T12 lower end plate [LEP]), and D (T12 LEP–L2 LEP). These segments of the three study groups were analyzed.Results: In segment B, the segmental kyphosis of group 3 (20.2°±8.0°) showed a statistically larger value than that of group 1 (15.6°±6.8°) and group 2 (16.7°±8.8°) (p=0.017). In segment C, the segmental kyphosis of group 2 (12.9°±6.5°) and group 3 (12.2°±7.1°) showed statistically larger values than that of group 1 (9.5°±6.2°) (p=0.016). The A and D segments of the three groups were not significantly different.Conclusions: Increased TK was observed in the middle (segment B) and lower (segment C) thoracic segments in normal asymptomatic male subjects with age. The results from the natural progression of segmental kyphosis with age would provide baseline reference data to help surgeons choose the optimal point of the upper instrumented vertebra level for preventing proximal junctional kyphosis.