bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the Personal Becomes Political: Unpacking the Dynamics of Sexual Violence and Gender Justice Discourses Across Four Social Media Platforms
Authors: Suk Jiyoun , Zhang Yini , Yue Zhiying , Wang Rui , Dong Xinxia , Yang Dongdong , Lian Ruixue
Published: April 2023

We propose a three-pronged framework to study discourses surrounding social media activism initiated by networked counterpublics: personalized expressions that share stories and support, demands for changes that address systematic problems, and contentions between various actors and perspectives. Situating our analysis in discourses related to sexual violence and gender justice activism on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Reddit, we use supervised machine learning to quantify three discourses—networked acknowledgment, calls to action, and feminism contention—and apply time series analysis to model their interrelations. Results show that networked acknowledgment stimulated both calls to action and feminism contention and that calls to action predicted feminism contention across all platforms. These discourses were more sensitive to real-world events on Twitter and Facebook, but more ephemeral and cyclical on Instagram and more persistent and coupled on Reddit. Our findings speak to the opportunities and challenges in social media activism and underscore cross-platform similarities and differences.
Implementation and Effectiveness of In-Prison Programs for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: Evidence From Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Menés Jorge
Published: April 2023

The article describes the supply and demand of programs for imprisoned perpetrators of intimate partner violence and their consequences on recidivism in a Spanish penal system with multiple interventions. Four aspects are studied with descriptive, multinomial, survival, and canonical correlation analyses—programs’ features (number, content, duration, combinations, compliance); users and nonusers’ characteristics (socioeconomic profiles, criminological histories, incarceration experiences); the ensuing outcomes (prison behavior and postrelease recidivism); and the profiles of the clients benefiting the most and least from them. The results show great heterogeneity in program supply and in how they are taken, and marked differences in the profiles of nonusers and users of programs of different durations. This helps interpret the main finding that short-program users have lower rates of recidivism, partly due to the programs’ more appropriate formats and partly due to the users’ less problematic characteristics and higher opportunities to take them. Policy recommendations are accordingly made.
Social Identity and Cooperative Behavior by Public Administrators
Authors: Nicholson-Crotty Jill , Nicholson-Crotty Sean , Li Danyao
Published: April 2023

Scholars suggest that coproduction may exacerbate inequity in the delivery of services because citizens with high need may have fewer resources to commit to the process. We explore whether differences between administrators and citizens might also contribute to such inequities. We use Social Identity Theory to develop the expectation that administrators may have a greater affinity for and are more willing to work with in-group members in the coproduction of public services. Evidence from a survey experiment with approximately 200 public administrators demonstrates that racial congruence increases the likelihood of cooperative behavior indirectly through its impact on sympathy for a partner. The results do not suggest a direct impact for shared identity on cooperative behavior.
COVID-19 Communication Management on Facebook Pages of Local Governments
Authors: Ravenda Diego , Valencia-Silva Maika M. , Argiles-Bosch Josep M. , García-Blandón Josep
Published: April 2023

We examine how Italian municipalities manage COVID-19 communication on their official Facebook pages. For this purpose, we apply an automatic topic modeling procedure on a sample of 76,139 posts published on the official Facebook pages of 103 Italian provincial capital municipalities from 1 March 2020 to 26 March 2021 of the COVID-19 pandemic period. We identify two topics related to COVID-19 consisting of restrictive measures and support measures. Using regression models with municipality and year-week fixed effects, we find that the prevalence of the topic on COVID-19 restrictive measures negatively affects the tone of the communication, computed through a sentiment analysis procedure, and it is negatively associated with the number of COVID-19 positive cases in the municipal area. In contrast, the prevalence of the topic on COVID-19 support measures positively affects the tone of the communication and it is positively associated with the number of positive cases. These associations are moderated by ideology, age, and political incentives of incumbent mayors. These results may reveal a strategic communication of municipalities to induce positive perceptions about the performance of municipal incumbents in responding to the pandemic and, therefore, enhance political consensus among voters. Finally, these findings may have practical implications for public regulators, public managers, and other followers of local governments on social media.
Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels
Authors: Rousis Gregory J. , Martel Francois Alexi , Bosson Jennifer K. , Swann William B.
Published: April 2023

Incels ( involuntary celibates) have advocated for and even enacted violence against women. We explored two mechanisms that may underly incels’ actions: identity fusion and self-verification. Study 1 ( n = 155) revealed stronger identity fusion (deep alignment) with the ingroup among men active in online incel communities compared to men active in other male-dominated groups. Study 2 ( n = 113) showed that feeling self-verified by other incels predicted fusion with incels; fusion, in turn, predicted endorsement of past and future violence toward women. Study 3 ( n = 283; preregistered) replicated the indirect effects from Study 2 and extended them by linking fusion to online harassment of women. All indirect effects were particularly strong among self-identified incels high in narcissism. We discuss the synergistic links between self-verification and identity fusion in fostering extreme behaviors and identify directions for future research.
Strategic Leaders and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Wang Gang , Devine Richard A. , Molina-Sieiro Gonzalo , Holmes R. Michael
Published: April 2023

A large body of literature has focused on strategic leaders’ (i.e., CEOs’, TMT members’, and board directors’) influence on corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, inconsistent findings have been reported, impeding the theoretical and practical implications of this line of inquiry. Drawing from the strategic leadership literature and the corporate governance literature, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 318 samples to consolidate disparate findings on the relationships between frequently measured executive and board attributes and CSR. We also examined country managerial discretion and investor protection strength as potential boundary conditions of these relationships. With some exceptions, our meta-analytic results show that these executive and board attributes explained meaningful variance in CSR, and that country managerial discretion and investor protection strength played limited moderating roles. Additional analyses suggest that the board characteristics had a stronger relationship with CSR than the executive characteristics.
Financial Stress, Family, Marital, and Life Satisfaction of Turkish Families During Covid-19: What Did We Learn?
Authors: Coşkuner Aktaş Selda , Çiçek Birgül
Published: April 2023

It is well known that the Covid-19 that hit the world caused a global economic crisis. This present study aimed at examining the economic impact of this crisis with respect to families with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this study, we intended to demonstrate how families (n=247) met their basic needs, how they coped with financial stress, how financial stress relates to family characteristics and how it affects marital, family, and life satisfaction. The impact of family characteristics on financial stress was examined through regression analysis. The impact of financial stress on marital, family, and life satisfaction was determined through content analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed that the influence of education, debt, minimum wage employment, and fear of being laid off on financial stress was significant. The qualitative results show that individuals' marital, family and life satisfaction were negatively affected due to the financial stress they experienced during the Covid-19.
Level of Satisfaction Towards Healthcare Services in Patients Attending Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Bandhu Arghya , Sarkar Sharmila , Karmakar Soumen , Singh Om Prakash
Published: April 2023

Background:

Patients’ satisfaction with healthcare services contributes to their compliance with the treatment and thus impacts their health. Therefore, patient satisfaction is increasingly being used as an indicator of health system performance in a country. Though several studies have been reported from different parts of India, most did not include psychiatric patients. This study assessed the level of satisfaction of psychiatric outpatients and its association with socio-demographic, hospital-related, and treatment-related variables.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study assessed 152 patients attending psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Treatment-related satisfaction was measured using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) scale, and variables not related to treatment were assessed using Likert scales.

Results:

Most participants were satisfied with the overall cleanliness of the hospital (82.9%), the useable condition of toilets (73%), and waiting time in the OPD ticket counter, doctor’s room, and pharmacy. More than 80% were pleased with the OPD staff’s behavior and working efficiency. In the seven dimensions of the SAPS scale, satisfaction level was variable. Overall satisfaction with the care received in the hospital was 60.5%.

Conclusions:

The level of patient satisfaction is good in psychiatry OPD services of our hospital, and it depends on treatment-independent variables also. So, liaison between the medical- and non-medical-management teams is crucial to augment patient satisfaction.
Attitude Towards the Mentally Ill Among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) Workers in the Ahmedabad City of Gujarat
Authors: Patel Hardik V. , Ilasariya Kalpesh J. , Vora Vaishal N. , Lakdawala Bhaveshkumar M.
Published: April 2023

Background:

The community misunderstands mental illness, resulting in stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with mental illness. High mental health literacy (MHL) among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) workers can help spread mental health awareness to the community. The study aimed to assess the attitudes of ASHA workers toward the mentally ill.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among ASHA workers in the city of Ahmedabad using the Community Attitude toward Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale – Gujarati version. Census sampling was used to collect data from ASHA workers at various Urban Health Centers (UHC). We analyzed 265 responses.

Results:

The mean (SD) of authoritarianism (AU), benevolence (BE), social restrictiveness (SR), and community mental health ideology (CMHI) subscales were 29.77(3.35), 35.33(3.78), 34.55(3.49), and 37.15(4.42), respectively (a higher mean suggests a negative attitude in the AU and SR subscales and a positive attitude in the BE and CMHI subscales).

Conclusion:

Although ASHA workers displayed goodwill and a welcoming attitude on the BE and CMHI subscales, they showed negative and stigmatizing attitudes on certain items of the AU and SR subscales. This necessitates a widespread mental health education campaign and training program for them.
Bonding and Infants’ Development and Quality of Life: A Study Among Mothers with Severe Mental Illnesses in Remission
Authors: Narayan Shweta , Kishore M. Thomas , Satyanarayana Veena , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar , Desai Geetha , Chandra Prabha
Published: April 2023

Background:

Maternal mental health has specific implications for bonding and infants’ mental health. However, most of the evidence comes from mothers who are either symptomatic or did not have adequate mental health support. In this context, our objective was to explore if symptom status in mothers and bonding share any significant association with the infants’ development and quality of life (QOL), in case of mothers with severe mental illnesses in remission.

Methods:

The study included 41 mother–infant dyads from the outpatient perinatal psychiatry services and the mother–baby unit of the current study center. Symptom status, self-reported bonding, mother–infant interactions, and infants’ development and QOL were assessed with Clinical Global Impressions, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Pediatric Infant-Parent Exam, Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants, and Pediatric Quality of Life Scale, respectively.

Results:

Most mothers had a complete recovery or minimal symptoms. Nine (22%) infants had a significant developmental delay. Atypical play-based interactions were observed in nine (22%) mothers. Self-reported bonding and bonding as evinced over play-based interactions did not significantly correlate with the QOL or development of the infants. Mothers who have recovered and are functioning well reported good bonding with their infants, though objective assessment revealed specific difficulties. Symptom severity correlated with poor physical QOL in infants.

Conclusion:

The association between mothers’ bonding and infants’ mental health is domain-specific and differential than linear and robust. Infants of mothers with severe mental illnesses postpartum should be routinely monitored for mother–infant bonding, development, and quality of life.
Music education at the primary level in Syria, before and during the current crisis
Authors: Chahin Rami
Published: April 2023

During the last decade, the Syrian crisis has, in various ways, imposed many fundamental changes upon Syrian society. It has pervaded cultural issues at large with a major effect on education. Ideologies, schooling, mass media, human relationships, and mutual understanding, all have been the target of fierce upheaval. This article examines the question of how much this crisis has affected the music education system, especially for children, who are its silent victims. Is there a big difference in music education and its delivery prior to 2011 and since? Which methods do teachers now have to use when they teach and how much are these methods far and free from politics? Does music serve special goals and ideologies? To answer these questions, I wrote a short historical review about the Syrian education system, and interviewed three music teachers who studied in and currently work in Syria for the purpose of obtaining their feedback of the status of teaching/learning music in Syria. To document and support my work I included and analyzed some publicly available videos. The aim of this research work was to investigate to what extent the music curricula are appropriate for primary education especially in this time of crisis; and ascertain whether they resonate with Syrian children’s conditions and provide some positive influence during the difficult time that the country current experience.
Flipped Learning in the subject «Music» of E.S.O. [Compulsory Secondary Education] within a rural environment: Impact on students and families
Authors: Roig-Vila Rosabel , Fabra-Brell Eugenio
Published: April 2023

This study has as its purpose to ascertain and analyze the impact caused by the implementation of the Flipped Learning model on the students enrolled in the subject «music» of Spain’s public Compulsory Secondary Education, as well as on their families, within a rural environment. A total of 25 female and male students and 13 relatives took part in the study. A methodology based on a mixed descriptive approach including the design of a collective case study was used. Data collection took place through the utilization of tools such as a questionnaire of a quantitative and qualitative nature administered after the experience and the establishment of discussion groups. The results show that both the students and their families have a favorable opinion about using the Flipped Learning model in the music classroom on a daily basis. They find no significant barriers or drawbacks beyond families’ concern about potential technology-related problems derived from the economic investment required and an overexposure to screens. The conclusions drawn point at the relevance of integrating active methodologies, among them Flipped Learning, into music teaching.
Blood versus crystalloid cardioplegia during triple valve surgery: A single center experience
Authors: Hoyer Alexandro , Noack Thilo , Kiefer Philipp , Kang Jagdip , Misfeld Martin , Borger Michael Andrew
Published: April 2023

Background

The efficacy of different cardioplegia solutions on outcomes of complex cardiac operations such as triple valve surgery (TVS) is scarce. Here we compared the outcomes in TVS patients receiving either crystalloid (Bretschneider) or blood (Calafiore) cardioplegia.

Methods

Screening of our institutional database with prospectively entered data identified 471 consecutive patients (mean age 70.3 ± 9.2 years; 50.9% male), who underwent TVS (replacement or repair of aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve) between December 1994 and January 2013. In 277 patients, cardiac arrest was induced with HTK-Bretschneider solution (HTK, n = 277, 58.8%), whereas 194 received cold blood cardioplegia (BCP) according to Calafiore ( n = 194, 41.2%). Comparisons of perioperative and follow up outcomes were made between cardioplegia groups.

Results

Preoperative patient characteristics and comorbidities were equally balanced between groups. 30-days mortality was similar between groups (HTK: 16.2%; BCP: 18.2%; p = 0.619). Incidence of the cumulative endpoint (30days mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, low cardiac output syndrome or need for permanent pacemaker implantation) was also comparable (HTK: 47.6%; BCP: 54.8%, p = 0.149). In patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <40%), 30days mortality was higher in the HTK group (HTK 18/71 22.5%; BCP 5/50 10%; p = 0.037). Five-year survival was similar between groups (52 ± 6% for HTK and 55 ± 5% for BCP patients). In-Hospital mortality was best predicted by length of surgery and reperfusion ratio. Decreased age, shorter bypass time, preserved LVEF and concomitant surgical procedures have been found to be protective from long-term mortality.

Conclusions

Myocardial protection with HTK shows equivalent outcomes compared to BCP during TVS. Patients with reduced left ventricular function may benefit from BCP during TVS.
Kinetic models for estimating occupancy from single-scan PET displacement studies
Authors: Laurell Gjertrud Louise , Plavén-Sigray Pontus , Johansen Annette , Raval Nakul Ravi , Nasser Arafat , Aabye Madsen Clara , Madsen Jacob , Hansen Hanne Demant , Donovan Lene Lundgaard , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Lammertsma Adriaan A , Ogden R Todd , Svarer Claus , Schain Martin
Published: April 2023

The traditional design of PET target engagement studies is based on a baseline scan and one or more scans after drug administration. We here evaluate an alternative design in which the drug is administered during an on-going scan (i.e., a displacement study). This approach results both in lower radiation exposure and lower costs. Existing kinetic models assume steady state. This condition is not present during a drug displacement and consequently, our aim here was to develop kinetic models for analysing PET displacement data. We modified existing compartment models to accommodate a time-variant increase in occupancy following the pharmacological in-scan intervention. Since this implies the use of differential equations that cannot be solved analytically, we developed instead one approximate and one numerical solution. Through simulations, we show that if the occupancy is relatively high, it can be estimated without bias and with good accuracy. The models were applied to PET data from six pigs where [11C]UCB-J was displaced by intravenous brivaracetam. The dose-occupancy relationship estimated from these scans showed good agreement with occupancies calculated with Lassen plot applied to baseline-block scans of two pigs. In summary, the proposed models provide a framework to determine target occupancy from a single displacement scan.
Examining the Effects of Relative Advances in Higher Mobility Roads over Higher Accessibility Roads and Income Inequality on the Relationship between Car Ownership and Economic Growth
Authors: Poi Alvin Wai Hoong , Law Teik Hua , Hamid Hussain , Jakarni Fauzan Mohd , Ishak Siti Zaharah , Ng Choy Peng
Published: April 2023

This study examined the effects of relative advances in the ratio of higher mobility roads over higher accessibility roads (MPA) and income inequality on growth of passenger car ownership in relation to economic growth. (MPA is calculated by dividing the total length of higher mobility roads [tolled expressways, national highways, and other main road networks serving medium- to high-speed traffic] by the total length of higher accessibility roads [secondary and regional road networks] in that country in a specific year.) Specifically, we employed the Gompertz function to model changes in the growth rate of car ownership and the income elasticities. The analysis used a panel data between 1963 and 2013 for 53 countries with various income levels. Results revealed that passenger car ownership rate is consistently higher at most of the per capita income levels under mid-range MPA and lower income inequality conditions. As expected, income elasticities were found varied for groups of countries experiencing different MPA and income inequality conditions under different economic developmental levels. Aside from contributing to the highest passenger car growth, the combined effect of mid-range MPA and lower income inequality conditions was also associated with higher income elasticity at higher per capita GDP. In contrast, countries with extreme MPA under higher income inequality conditions generally have the lowest passenger car growth but highest income elasticity at lower per capita GDP. The implications of these findings on private transportation policies relate to measures to control increased car ownership as well as to reduce road casualties.
Automated Pavement Crack Detection with Deep Learning Methods: What Are the Main Factors and How to Improve the Performance?
Authors: Gong Haitao , Tešić Jelena , Tao Jueqiang , Luo Xiaohua , Wang Feng
Published: April 2023

Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have been intensively studied in pavement distress detection research. To build an effective yet robust DL-based distress detection model, both the training data and DL model structure need to be carefully prepared. This paper discusses the main influencing factors that affect the performance of DL models in pavement distress detection and aims to explore possible ways to improve the model performance. An open-source pavement image dataset and three promising object detection methods were selected for model development and evaluation. A series of experiments were conducted with different settings of model structures and data manipulation. According to the experiment results, selection of detection methods, data size, and annotation consistency have significant impact on detection performance. DL models YOLO and Faster R-CNN were found to yield the same level of performance, while CenterNet notably underperformed on the test dataset. Distress classes with a larger number of instances were found to be able to yield better performances. With the new annotation data carefully marked up and verified by experienced pavement raters, the accuracy score using the F1 index was found to be 0.84, which was a very sound improvement compared with the 0.7 of the original annotation. Data augmentation methods were found to be able to significantly improve the detection accuracy. Based on the experiment results, we believe the focus should be placed on the development of high-quality training datasets and thin object detection methods in the future.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Predicting Individuals’ Mode Choice Behavior in Mansoura City, Egypt
Authors: Elharoun Marwa , El-Badawy Sherif M. , Shahdah Usama Elrawy
Published: April 2023

Predicting the choice behavior of individuals is an important step in transportation planning. This study examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques using machine learning with 10 different classifiers and deep neural networks (DNNs) to predict the travel mode choices of individuals in the city of Mansoura, Egypt, and compares the results with the traditional multinomial logit technique. The data used in this analysis were divided into two sets, training and testing, with a ratio of 67:33. The training dataset contains 10,173 cases, while the testing dataset represents 5,083 cases. The variables used to model mode choice behavior are: total travel time, total travel cost, gender, car ownership, driving license, occupational status, residency, and monthly personal income. The performance of all models is measured on two levels: the individual level, which predicts the overall percent of correct observations, and the aggregate level, which predicts the market shares for each mode. The results show that the DNN model, which takes mode captivity into account, outperforms all the examined models with a prediction accuracy of 97.81%. Additionally, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), gradient booster (GB), and XGB showed prediction accuracy of over 95%. In addition, all the models were calibrated with different sample sizes. Prediction accuracy increases with increasing sample size, except for the Adaboost classifiers and linear discriminant analysis. With increase in sample size, the prediction accuracy of the RF, DT, GB, and XGB classifiers increases slightly while the DNN prediction accuracy increases significantly.
Pavement Friction Evaluation Based on Vehicle Dynamics and Vision Data Using a Multi-Feature Fusion Network
Authors: Du Zhao , Skar Asmus , Pettinari Matteo , Zhu Xingyi
Published: April 2023

The tire–road friction coefficient is a critical evaluation index of the service performance of roads: it governs the stopping distance, traction control, and stability of vehicles. Moreover, friction information is also needed in many function units of modern vehicles. This paper proposes a novel data-driven approach for inference of the maximum tire–road friction coefficient using a combination of vehicle dynamics signal and machine vision data. The approach is aimed at robust road condition perception that can provide frequent measurements over large areas across all weather conditions. Two different neural network architectures were adopted to extract in-depth features behind vehicle dynamics signals and road surface images. Features from these two types of data were then fused in two different levels, namely feature level and decision level, forming a multi-feature fusion neural network. The proposed network performs better than models based only on dynamic signals or vision data. The method proposed was applied to real data obtained from an electric car in a highway driving scenario. For classification of the maximum tire–road friction coefficient, the proposed network can yield F1-score increments of 0.09 and 0.18 from dynamics-based and vision-based sub-models, respectively. For the maximum tire–road friction coefficient value regression, the proposed model also achieves the highest R-square score of 0.71. Of these two types of data collected under highway driving scenarios, the vision data contribute more to the overall performance of the proposed model. Nevertheless, the dynamics data possess excellent potential in poor lighting conditions. With these fused features, the proposed multi-feature fusion network can not only improve the accuracy of maximum tire–road friction coefficient estimation but also is deemed workable for a broader range of scenarios.
Evaluation of Two Regional Transportation Systems Management and Operations Strategies for Improving the Response to Disabled Vehicles
Authors: McCombs John , Al-Deek Haitham , Sandt Adrian , Carrick Grady
Published: April 2023

Disabled vehicles are a common issue faced by agencies which can negatively affect traffic operations and safety. A wide range of response strategies exist, but determining which are best for a region can be challenging. After surveying 60 U.S. traffic incident management stakeholders, two commonly suggested improvements to disabled vehicle response strategies were: 1) expanding safety service patrols (SSPs) and 2) increasing towing capabilities. This paper develops a congestion-based methodology for quantifying the congestion reduction benefits of implementing these improved strategies for addressing disabled vehicles, specifically expanding SSP patrol hours and implementing instant dispatch tow (IDT) programs. Using 2019 incident data from three Florida, U.S., limited access roadways, the estimated congestion costs caused by disabled vehicles on the studied roadways were over $20 million. The estimated congestion savings for expanding Road Rangers (Florida’s SSP) ranged from $196,315 to $1,413,641 ($14,023 to $20,488 per incident). Implementing an IDT program had estimated congestion savings ranging from $398,353 to $3,910,299 ($9,264 to $76,485 per incident). IDT programs would address more disabled vehicle incidents than Road Ranger expansions, making the benefits substantially higher, especially on urban roadways. Based on the results, it is recommended that agencies prioritize IDT deployment on urban roadways with long incident durations for the most immediate benefits. An IDT program would also be able to address other types of incident, likely making the benefits greater than those estimated in this paper. Agencies nationwide can use this paper’s methodology and results to help identify effective regional disabled vehicle transportation systems management and operations strategies.
Study of cellular femoral stem for stress shielding and interface stability
Authors: Rahmat Neda , Kadkhodapour Javad , Arbabtafti Mohammdreza
Published: April 2023

Implant failure is due to stress shielding and interface micromotion. The application of porous structures in the femoral implant has a great effect on reducing stress shielding and improving the stability of the bone-implant interface. The performance of femoral stems with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, IWP, and Gyroid structures was evaluated using finite element analysis. We studied the stress shielding phenomenon of the porous femoral stem based on the ability of stress transfer to the femur. The micromotion at the bone-implant interface was explored for different porous femoral stems. The effect of gradient structure design was investigated in the axial direction of the stem. These gradient designs involved a stem with an increasing volume fraction in the axial direction (IAGS) and a decreasing volume fraction along the stem (DAGS). The results showed that the axial stiffness of the stem has a direct effect on stress shielding and an inverse relation to bone-implant micromotion. The finite element analysis results inferred that bone resorption is higher in the stems with IWP structure than in Gyroid at the same volume fraction. Axially graded stems transfer higher stress to the femur than homogenous porous stems. DAGS design of IWP and Gyroid and IAGS Gyroid increased the stress on the proximal-medial of the femur. Homogeneous porous stems with high porosity (80% porosity for IWP and 70% porosity for Gyroid) and DAGS design exhibited low stress shielding and controlled bone-implant interface micromotion within an acceptable range for bone ingrowth.
Agricultural-waste Sesamum indicum L./recycled-low density polyethylene bio-composites: Impact of gamma radiation on mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Bansal Neha , Ahuja Simran , Lal Sohan , Arora Sanjiv
Published: April 2023

Composites synthesized from natural waste and recycled plastic is quite a promising and interesting field for scientists and polymer industries. In the present study, bio-composites based on agriculture residue Sesamum indicum L. and recycled-low density polyethylene were synthesized by extrusion and injection molding technique at a fiber loading of 10–40 wt%. Additionally, 3% of maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene was used as a compatibilizer. The prepared composites were irradiated at 25 kGy, 75 kGy and 125 kGy doses of gamma rays. The effects of different fiber content and gamma doses on mechanical properties were studied statistically by Design Expert software. Response surface methodology was employed to depict the interaction among various factors and optimization was done by desirability index method. Findings indicated that composites having 30% Sesamum indicum L. irradiated at 125 kGy demonstrated best mechanical properties. A significant enhancement in tensile and flexural properties of irradiated composites can be explained effectively in terms of the cross-linking effect. The fiber–matrix adhesion and modifications in composite structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, thermal stability of the composites was also found to be increased. In addition, gamma-irradiated composite exhibited the highest storage modulus and a decrease in mechanical loss factor was also observed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Effective Programs for Reducing Ageism Toward Older Adults
Authors: Apriceno MaryBeth , Levy Sheri R.
Published: April 2023

A systematic review and meta-analyses examined intervention strategies to reduce ageism toward older adults using AgeLine, EBSCO, Embase, Campbell Collaboration, CINAHL, CDSR, DARE, Google Scholar, MedlinePlus, PROSPERO, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest for dissertations, and SSCI from inception to September 2021. These meta-analyses involved within-subject ( n = 74; 6271 participants) and between-subject designs ( n = 78; 6857 participants) across 11 countries and 45 years with participants ages 3–45 years. Examining PEACE model components (Levy, 2018), the aggregate effect sizes were statistically significant for between-subject (within-subject) studies measuring ageist attitudes, g = 0.326 ( g = 0.108) and aging knowledge, g = 0.583 ( g = 0.304). Separate meta-analyses of contact programs showed significant estimated effect sizes among between-subject ( g = 0.329) and within-subject studies ( g = 0.263). Along with results from moderation analyses, a main conclusion is that effective interventions include education about aging and positive intergenerational contact (individualized, equal status, and in-person).
If You Give Them Away, It Still May Not Work: Challenges to Video Telehealth Device Use Among the Urban Homebound
Authors: Loizos Maria , Baim-Lance Abigail , Ornstein Katherine A. , Lubetsky Sara , Salas-Belkin Lylyan , Chavez Silvia , Zhang Meng , DeCherrie Linda V. , Gliatto Peter M.
Published: April 2023

The growing homebound population may particularly benefit from video telehealth. However, some patients do not have the ability or resources to successfully use this modality. This report presents the experience of a large urban home-based primary care program disseminating cellular-enabled tablets with basic instruction to a subset of its patients who would not otherwise have had the ability to engage in video telehealth. Program goals included: increasing the number of patients able to engage in video encounters and leveraging technology to help achieve greater equity. While 123 homebound patients received devices for telehealth, only one-third successfully utilized them. We identified multiple barriers to telehealth utilization beyond physical access to a device, including a lack of skill. Efforts to increase video encounters among patient groups who are less experienced with technology cannot simply rely on device provision or basic instruction but must include reinforced learning strategies combined with ongoing technical assistance.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act Insurance Expansions on Health Care Coverage, Access, and Health Status of 50–64-Year-Old Adults: Evidence From the First Six Years
Authors: Bin Abdul Baten Redwan , Wehby George L.
Published: April 2023

Individuals aged 50–64 face a higher burden of chronic conditions and an increased probability of insurance coverage loss, making them particularly vulnerable to limited access than younger adults. This study examines the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) insurance expansions, including both Medicaid eligibility and other expansions, on health care coverage, access, and health status of adults aged 50–64 years over 6 years since the initial expansions in 2014. Using a triple difference-in-difference-in-differences model and nationally representative data, we find that the ACA increased private insurance and Medicaid coverage. There is evidence of improved access based on having a personal provider, completing a routine checkup, and reducing forgoing medical care due to cost. There is little evidence for the effects on self-reported health outcomes. Findings suggest that coverage expansions have improved access to care but have thus far not had discernible and consistent effects on self-reported health for 50–64-year-olds.
Non-Enhancing Tissue on Diabetic Foot Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Relation to Osteomyelitis Investigation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performance, Pitfalls and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Slim Inas , Ibrahim Aisin , Andoulsi Sooheib , Beaulieu Charles-Antoine , Freire Véronique
Published: April 2023

Background: Geographic non-enhancing zones in diabetic foot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were first described in 2002. No previous report has described the impact and clinical significance of geographic non-enhancing tissue seen in the evaluation of diabetic foot MRI. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of devascularization areas on contrast-enhanced MRI in diabetic patients suspected of having foot osteomyelitis, the impact on the performance of the MRI assessment, and the possible pitfalls. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2017 during which 72 CE-MRIs of 1.5 and 3T were reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence of non-enhancing tissue areas and for osteomyelitis. A blinded third party collected clinical data including pathology reports, revascularization procedures, and surgical interventions. The prevalence of devascularization was calculated. Results: Among the 72 CE-MRIs (54 men, 18 women; mean age 64), 28 demonstrated non-enhancing areas (39%). All but 6 patients were found to have been correctly diagnosed on imaging (3 false positives, 2 false negatives, and 1 non-diagnostic). A greater discordance was also observed between the radiological and pathological diagnoses in the MRIs which showed non-enhancing tissue. Conclusion: Non-enhancing tissue is found in a non-negligible portion of diabetic foot MRIs and affects its diagnostic performance when looking for osteomyelitis. The recognition of these areas of devascularization may be helpful for the physician in planning the best treatment option for the patient.
Clinical Features, Non-Contrast CT Radiomic and Radiological Signs in Models for the Prediction of Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Zejia Frank , Zhang Liying , Carrington André M , Thornhill Rebecca , Miguel Olivier , Auriat Angela M , Omid-Fard Nima , Hiremath Shivaprakash , Tshemeister Abitbul Vered , Dowlatshahi Dar , Demchuk Andrew , Gladstone David , Morotti Andrea , Casetta Ilaria , Fainardi Enrico , Huynh Thien , Elkabouli Marah , Talbot Zoé , Melkus Gerd , Aviv Richard I
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Rapid identification of hematoma expansion (HE) risk at baseline is a priority in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and may impact clinical decision making. Predictive scores using clinical features and Non-Contract Computed Tomography (NCCT)-based features exist, however, the extent to which each feature set contributes to identification is limited. This paper aims to investigate the relative value of clinical, radiological, and radiomics features in HE prediction.

Methods

Original data was retrospectively obtained from three major prospective clinical trials [“Spot Sign” Selection of Intracerebral Hemorrhage to Guide Hemostatic Therapy (SPOTLIGHT)NCT01359202; The Spot Sign for Predicting and Treating ICH Growth Study (STOP-IT)NCT00810888] Patients baseline and follow-up scans following ICH were included. Clinical, NCCT radiological, and radiomics features were extracted, and multivariate modeling was conducted on each feature set.

Results

317 patients from 38 sites met inclusion criteria. Warfarin use (p=0.001) and GCS score (p=0.046) were significant clinical predictors of HE. The best performing model for HE prediction included clinical, radiological, and radiomic features with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.7%. NCCT radiological features improved upon clinical benchmark model AUC by 6.5% and a clinical & radiomic combination model by 6.4%. Addition of radiomics features improved goodness of fit of both clinical (p=0.012) and clinical & NCCT radiological (p=0.007) models, with marginal improvements on AUC. Inclusion of NCCT radiological signs was best for ruling out HE whereas the radiomic features were best for ruling in HE.

Conclusion

NCCT-based radiological and radiomics features can improve HE prediction when added to clinical features.
Gendered Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Negative Emotional States, and Violent Delinquency
Authors: Leban Lindsay , Delacruz Delilah J.
Published: April 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a host of negative health and behavioral outcomes, including crime, delinquency, and violence. Recent work on ACEs suggests that the impact of ACEs differs by gender, but research is unclear on the mechanisms of this relationship and how they impact violent delinquency. To explore whether and how the impact of ACEs on violent delinquency varies by gender, this study draws on Broidy and Agnew’s gendered expansion of general strain theory (GST), which proposes that a key explanation for the gendered impact of strain on crime lies in gender differences in the negative emotional states that mediate the relationship. Using longitudinal data on a sample of 979 at-risk youth (558 girls and 421 boys) from the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect, this study examines the impact of ACEs (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, supervisory neglect, parent mental illness, parent intimate partner violence, parent substance use, parent criminality, and family trauma) on violent delinquency by gender with consideration of the three negative emotional states hypothesized by GST—anger, depression, and anxiety. Results indicate that ACEs increase the odds of violent delinquency for both boys and girls, but that this relationship is significantly stronger for boys. Mediation models suggest that anger mediates the link between ACEs and violent delinquency for girls. Implications for research and policy centering on ACEs are discussed.
Title IX Policy Implementation and Sexual Harassment Prevalence in K-12 Schools
Authors: Grant Billie-Jo , Haverland Jeffrey , Kalbfleisch Jessica
Published: April 2023

This study examined the prevalence of student-to-student and staff-to-student sexual harassment in K-12 schools and school district compliance with Title IX using a retrospective survey of young adults. Participants ( n = 511) were asked to describe their knowledge of policies and procedures regarding Title IX, the prevalence of sexual harassment, and the school’s observed response to harassment using a 34-item, anonymous online survey. Descriptive statistics revealed that 13.4% of participants perceived that sexual harassment at their K-12 school district was at a “moderate” or “high” level, 50.1% reported that they either knew someone who experienced sexual harassment by a school employee or experienced it themselves, and 17.4% ( n = 89) of individuals personally experienced one or more incident of staff-to-student sexual harassment. Nearly all (94%) students were unable to identify their Title IX compliance officer and 70% were unaware of how to file grievances. School districts without policies and materials that address sexual harassment had statistically significantly higher rates of harassment than school districts with policies ( p = .01) and materials ( p < .01).
Resuming peritoneal dialysis after secondary embedding of the peritoneal dialysis catheter in the end-of-life period: A case report
Authors: Sakurada Tsutomu , Yoshida Keisuke , Morikubo Satoru , Kojima Shigeki
Published: April 2023

Secondary embedding of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter has been performed for patients whose kidney function has improved enough to stop dialysis but recovery is not expected to be long term. In addition, we have also performed the procedure for patients who have poor general condition due to severe cerebrovascular and/or cardiac disease or who wish to have PD again at the end of life. Here, we report the case of the first terminal haemodialysis (HD) patient who resumed PD using a secondarily embedded catheter as an end-of-life choice. The patient had undergone secondary embedding of a PD catheter and had been transferred to HD, during which time multiple pulmonary metastases of thyroid cancer were observed. She hoped to resume PD in the end-of-life period, and the catheter was subsequently externalised. The catheter was used immediately, and the patient has continued on PD over the past 1 month without infectious or mechanical complications. For elderly end-stage kidney disease patients with progressive disease and cancer, secondary embedding of the PD catheter may be an option to permit them to live the remainder of their lives at home.
‘Basically He’s a Pet, Not a Working Dog’: Theorising What Therapy Dogs Do in the Workplace
Authors: Charles Nickie , Wolkowitz Carol
Published: April 2023

This article takes the case of therapy dogs who visit hospitals, care homes, schools and universities in Britain and asks whether we should conceptualise what they are doing as work. Marx defined the capacity to work as what sets humankind apart from other animals, but more recent analysts see similarities between animals and humans in their capacity to work. Animal work is often defined through training and the acquisition of skills; for therapy dogs, however, training is not required, and their skills go unrecognised. Drawing on a study of therapy dog visits to a British university and using a methodology that attends to the experiences of the dogs as well as the human actors, we argue that therapy dogs engage in emotional work and body work and that the concepts of ‘encounter value’ and ‘feeling power’ need to be deployed to theorise the work they are doing.