bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PERILS OF BUREAUCRATIC INERTIA: A STEPS TOWARD ENHANCING GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Fathani Aqil Teguh , Putera Roni Ekha , Mohamed Nabila
Published: July 2024

Abstrack : The aims of study is to investigate phenomenon of bureaucratic inertia within the Indonesian government system, which detrimentally affects government governance, administrative systems, and public services provided to the people. It is crucial to acknowledge the significant risk posed by the persistence of bureaucratic inertia in the absence of any proactive measures to address and advance necessary changes. This research employs a comprehensive literature review, incorporating 35 relevant scholarly sources that are closely aligned with the current study. The occurrence of bureaucratic inertia in Indonesia is a significant challenge since local institutions always face pressure from the central government, resulting in diminished authority, influence, and power. From an institutional standpoint, it is crucial to have transparency mechanisms in place to guide decision-makers. These mechanisms should allow for the authorization or restriction of actions, enforceable regulations and procedures, and appropriate incentives or penalties to ensure wise decision-making. By implementing such measures, institutions can gradually develop into responsible entities that prioritize transparency in meeting public demands. From a capacity standpoint, the key criteria for overcoming bureaucratic inertia include improving the organizational and managerial structure, facilities, and infrastructure, and promoting the establishment of an extensive network. Furthermore, there exists a significant prospect to engage in cooperation with exterior stakeholders to leverage solutions to compete with regions that possess greater advancement than others.
Keywords : government; governance; bureaucratic inertia; government management; decentralization; Indonesia.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): A Regional Integration Analysis
Authors: Andoh Samuel K. , Thorson James , Gebremariam Yilma
Published: July 2024

In 1975, the 15 countries that comprise the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) formalized a trade agreement to integrate their economies to make it easier for them to trade with each other and thus promote economic growth and development. Since then, the evidence suggests that intra-regional trade has not changed much. In this paper, we examine the factors hindering trade using data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 and a modified version of the gravity equation. The results of our study suggest that economic factors are primarily responsible for intra-ECOWAS trade and that policies designed to improve transportation infrastructure and reduce administrative barriers could significantly improve intra-ECOWAS trade.
SOSIALISASI SATU SEHAT APLIKASI BERBASIS MOBILE DI POSYANDU RW 05 RT 04, MEJING LOR, GAMPING SLEMAN
Authors: Rahmatul Ilmi Laili , Handayani Mega , Kharisma Andi
Published: July 2024

Satu sehat merupakan aplikasi yang diluncurkan pemerintah Indonesia per Maret 2023, namunbelum semua lapisan masyarakat mendapatkan sosialisasi aplikasi satu sehat yang berbasis mobile. Aplikasitersebut memberikan manfaat terkait informasi rekam kesehatan, jaminan kesehatan, edukasi kesehatan.Posyandu di RT 04 merupakan layanan pemeriksaan primer tingkat desa oleh para nakes dan kader, kegiatanrutinnya adalah monitoring tumbuh kembang bayi. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menjelaskan pentingnyaedukasi pada implementasi sebuah aplikasi kepada masyarakat memberikan peran positif pada peningkatanpengetahuan dan manfaat dari aplikasi tersebut. Kegiatan ini akan diselenggarakan secara langsung atau luringdengan tetap mematuhi protocol kesehatan Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah koordinasi dengan pihak RTdan RW di Mejing Lor, Gamping, Sleman. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini pada tahap pertama dengan koordinasidengan pihak RT dan RW, tahap kedua penyampaikan materi secara luring di Pendopo Warga RW 05, MeijingLor, Gamping, Sleman, Pre dan Post test dan dilanjutkan diskusi dengan peserta serta pendampingan prosesinstalasi Aplikasi Satu Sehat di gawai peserta.
The Pathognomonic ultrasonographic findings in fetus with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ragab Mostafa Hassan , Elsherbiny Hamed Mohamed , Ahmed Waleed Hitlar
Published: July 2024

Aim: The main goal is to identify the pathognomonic sonographic signs for foetal SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine whether or not transplacental SARS-CoV-2 transmission is possible. Patients and Methods: In total, 105 pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR swabs during the first trimester with mild or moderate infection without hospitalisation and/or oxygen support were included in this prospective comparative study, which was carried out at the ultrasound and foetal medicine unit of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. The SARS-CoV-2 positive group was compared to the control group with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In the COVID-19 group, pathognomonic ultrasonographic results were considerably more common. The COVID-19 group had a considerably higher frequency of placental calcifications and oligohydramnios. In the COVID-19 cohort, patients with positive pathognomonic ultrasonographic results had considerably higher BMIs. In the COVID-19 cohort, gestational age at infection, and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significant independent risk factors for the development of pathognomonic ultrasonographic abnormalities. Those in the control group who had positive pathognomonic ultrasonographic results were older and had higher rates of hypertension. Significant independent risk variables for the incidence of pathognomonic ultrasonographic findings in the control group included age ≥34.0 years and hypertension. Conclusion: There is no evidence of a teratogenic effect linked to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first few months of pregnancy. However, early pregnancy infection with COVID-19 is linked to pathognomonic ultrasonography findings of placental calcifications and oligohydramnios.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Challenging Anatomies
Authors: Gergi Laith
Published: July 2024

TANJA Rudolph, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; and Carla Romina Agatiello, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, chaired a captivating session exploring the challenges associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with complex aortic stenosis. The European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) hosted the session during the 35th Annual EuroPCR Global Course held in Paris, France, between the 14th–17th of May. The primary objectives of the session were to evaluate and emphasise the importance of detailed CT imaging and pre-procedural planning in TAVI. Moreover, the session focused on how the selected valve and implant techniques in aortic stenosis can be tailored to individual patient anatomy.
Social Protection of Ecuadorian Immigrants in the United States and Spain
Authors: Albarracín Jenny , Guillén Margarita , Estrella María Eugenia , Jerves Elena
Published: July 2024

La investigación sobre el acceso a la protección social de los inmigrantes ecuatorianos es escasa. Aún no está claro qué tipo de protección social reciben y si esto está asociado con su perfil sociodemográfico. El presente estudio utilizó las encuestas LAMP-ECU4, con representatividad en cuatro comunidades del sur de Ecuador, para realizar un análisis cuantitativo del acceso de los inmigrantes ecuatorianos a la protección social en Estados Unidos y en España en las categorías de empleo, vivienda y préstamos de dinero, y la relación entre dicho acceso y sus perfiles sociodemográficos. Los resultados evidencian que los migrantes ecuatorianos de las cuatro comunidades tenían altos niveles de acceso a la protección social en las tres categorías. La principal fuente de apoyo fueron los vínculos individuales y se encontró relación entre la protección social y el perfil sociodemográfico de los migrantes. Este estudio proporciona contribuciones útiles para el diseño de políticas públicas.
Reporting on Antibiotic Resistance in Two US Newspapers Before and During Covid-19
Authors: Weis Zach , Mack Frances , Greene Amanda
Published: July 2024

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing health crisis that has remained underrepresented in coverage across major news publications in the U.S. despite increasing rates of related disease outbreaks and mortality worldwide. This study used content analysis to examine the coverage of AR in two major U.S. news publications before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and during it (2020-2021). Coverage of AR in The New York Times (NYT) and The Washington Post (WP) was analyzed according to the use of frames, the quantity of articles published, and a number of other variables including stakeholders, diseases, and terms referring to AR. These factors were used to assess how coverage of AR differed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how it differed between the two newspapers. Pre-COVID-19 coverage focused on AR as an isolated pandemic, while coverage during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic often used AR as a supplementary component of the coverage to the main topic of COVID-19. This study found that both before and during the outbreak of COVID-19, the majority of the observed articles did not fully explain the scope, severity, or solution for the AR crisis. Instead, they provided readers with baseline information, framing AR as a contemporary issue and generally encouraging action but included very few tangible suggestions for every day, individual action for readers. KEYWORDS: Superbugs; Frames; Antibiotic Resistance; Coronavirus; COVID-19; Media Coverage; Health Crises; Medicine
Disconnected and Online: Privileged Lives of the Transnational Migrants in Mexico City
Authors: Carey Isabel
Published: July 2024

As global mobility surges, Mexico City has emerged as a favored destination for remote-working professionals due to its unique fusion of cultural allure and economic convenience. This paper explores the interplay between macroeconomic trends and quests for self-actualization among lifestyle migrants, informed by interviews and other fieldwork conducted in Mexico City in early 2023.  It unravels the complex interplay of factors shaping attitudes, behaviors, and collective identity among these lifestyle migrants and how their conscious embeddedness dissolves as geographic arbitrage imbues them with new privileges. KEYWORDS: Digital Nomads; Lifestyle Migrants; Transnational Migration; Mexico City; Socio-Spatial Exclusion; Gentrification; Privilege; Embeddedness
BUREAUCRATIC REFORM THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL RIGHTSIZING
Authors: Iswanto Denny
Published: July 2024

The essence of bureaucratic reform is the demand for very fundamental changes to the government bureaucratic structure which has so far been seen as having many internal problems within it. Bureaucratic reform aims to build organizations that are agile and oriented towards public services with a focus on improving bureaucratic institutions. Bureaucratic reform by all regional apparatus including the Regional Planning, Research and Development Agency (BAPPELITBANGDA) of Pasuruan Regency indicates that regional apparatus are obliged to prepare organizational institutions appropriately, both in terms of size, main tasks, and functions and also appropriate for use. One of the Pasuruan Regency government's efforts in institutional reform is to change the nomenclature of Regency Regional Apparatus from BAPPELITBANGDA to Regional Research and Innovation Agency (BAPPERIDA). The type of research used by researchers is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data sources used are secondary data and the data analysis techniques used are interactive analysis techniques. The research results show that BAPPELITBANGDA Pasuruan Regency has combined elements of planning, research, and development by following the latest nomenclature. This change impacts the main tasks and functions of BAPPELITBANGDA which does not focus on development planning alone. Still, research and development is one of its main tasks and functions, even though research and development is not yet running optimally. With changes in size and function in the context of rightsizing, it can provide a more appropriate bureaucratic structure, so that the Rightsizing Organization structure can have the right function and size so that it can improve organizational performance.
 
Keywords: Bureaucratic Reform; Rightsizing; Nomenclature Change.
(Yet another) way to prove the Pythagoras’ theorem
Authors: Kumar K S Ajay
Published: July 2024

This article attempts a new way of proving the Pythagoras’ theorem. For centuries, people have used diverse tools such as combinatorics, calculus, geometry, algebra and trigonometry to come up with hundreds of different ways to prove the theorem. Here, I use some geometry, trigonometry and algebra to prove the theorem. There are few proofs using trigonometry.
Parity of the central partial quotient of the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt{D}$
Authors: Riche Sebastien
Published: July 2024

The form $D=(k)^2+1$, $k\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ is known to generate all positive non square integers $D$ having a continued fraction expansion $\sqrt{D}=[a_0;\overline{2a_0}]$. Another known form that generate all positive non square integers $D$ for the expansion of $\sqrt{D}=[a_0;\overline{a_1,a_1,2a_0}]$ is $D=(k\cdot a_1^2+k+\frac{a_1}{2})^2+2k\cdot a_1+1$, with $a_1$ and $k\in\mathbb{Z}^+$, and already we see that $a_1$ is restricted to even values for an integer solution $D$ to exist, and when $k=0$, the period is not primitive (the shortest). In this paper, a form that generate all non square integers $D$ for any given period $\ell=2n+1$ or $\ell=2n$, $D$ and $n\in\mathbb{Z}^+$, will be provided. It will be shown that the partial quotients $a_i$ ($00$ the period is always primitive. A study of all the sequences of continued fraction expansions of length $\ell$ where $a_n$ is incremented and the other partial quotients $a_i$ are fixed will be done, highlighting their cyclic nature.
Analisis Commissioning Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Kapasitas 20.5 kWp On Grid PT. Quickprint Office
Authors: Soedjarwanto Noer , T Rausyan Hilmy  , Komalasari Endah , Zebua Osea
Published: July 2024

Solar power plants (PLTS) are one of the renewable energy plants that continue to be developed in Indonesia to meet electrical energy needs. The Indonesian government issued the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) as a national energy management framework designed to resolve energy needs challenges and problems by utilizing new renewable energy sources (EBT). In the construction of a Solar Power Plant (PLTS) at PT. Quick Print Office built PLTS with a capacity of 20.5 kWp which is used for the electrical energy needs used by PT. Quick Print Office with a total power of 10 kWp, generator system with an on grid system which means it is directly connected to the PLN network. In the feasibility study, the performance ratio (PR) obtained from manual calculations for inverter 1 was 71.9% and inverter 2 was 26.2%. Meanwhile, to improve the performance ratio of the PLTS system, maintenance of the PLTS system is required, starting from cleaning the panels or checking the cable installation on the PLTS. For the calculation results, the efficiency on inverter 1 was 94.6% and on inverter 2 the efficiency was 90.8% when measured at 11.18 – 14.53.
Efektivitas Digitalisasi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di Lingkungan Kerja KPP Pratama Kuala Tungkal
Authors: Feri Alvoncius R.P  , Hapsari Ajeng Andriani
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sistem perpajakan yang telah terdigitalisasi, dimana sejak tahun 2014 Direktorat Jenderal Pajak telah berupaya melakukan transformasi digital di bidang perpajakan yang dimulai dengan sistem penyampaian Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan secara elektronik yaitu E-SPT, E-Filing dan E-form kemudian dilanjut dengan pembuatan aplikasi untuk membuat faktur digital dengan nama E-Faktur, aplikasi layanan pembuatan tagihan pajak yang terdigitalisasi dengan nama E-Billing. Seluruh layanan perpajakan yang telah terdigitalisasi ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya sebagai Wajib Pajak. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini untuk meninjau tingkat efektivitas dari penggunaan aplikasi yang telah terdigitalisasi oleh Wajib Pajak yang ada di lingkungan kerja KPP Pratama Kuala Tungkal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penlis adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi layanan perpajakan secara elektronik efektif dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan Wajib Pajak. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kendala yang dihadapi Wajib Pajak ketika menggunakan aplikasi layanan perpajakan secara elektronik e-filing, e-form, e-billing dan e-faktur diantaranya adalah aplikasi yang masih sering eror, jaringan internet Wajib Pajak yang belum memadai, serta aplikasi yang masih diperlukan panduan dalam penggunaanya.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan, Kualitas Proses, dan Kualitas Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Risiko Kehilangan Pasar Perusahaan Asuransi
Authors: Wirajaya Agustinus Brayner , Fauzi Achmad
Published: July 2024

Bisnis asuransi adalah salah satu jenis usaha yang menantang, dimana pada kondisi tertentu dapat mengalami rugi akibat dari pembayaran/ penyelesaian atas sebuah klaim dan bisnis asuransi memiliki pengaturan yang sangat awam di kalangan pelanggan sehingga banyak praktik penolakan klaim atau penyelesaian klaim yang diluar ekspetasi dari pelanggan sehingga banyaknya keluhan dari pelanggan, Oleh karena itu melaksanakan bisnis atau memasarkan produk asuransi sangatlah menantang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan, kualitas proses, dan kualitas lingkungan kerja terhadap risiko kehilangan pasar yang diukur dengan indikator teori kepemimpinan kolaboratif dengan menggunakan obyek pengguna polis Asuransi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi persepsi pelanggan terhadap perusahaan asuransi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan yang berkontribusi terhadap kehilangan pasar. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman tentang faktor-faktor atas kehilangan pasar dalam industri asuransi dan dapat memberikan panduan bagi perusahaan asuransi untuk meningkatkan strategi mereka guna mencapai tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dan untuk mengurangi risiko yang dapat menimbulkan risiko kehilangan pasar. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan strategis dalam meningkatkan daya saing di pasar yang kompetitif.
Analisis Penggunaan Aplikasi E-Kinerja Terhadap Kinerja PNS Kelurahan Mojayan Kecamatan Klaten Tengah
Authors: Muslimah Awwalin
Published: July 2024

Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan Aplikasi E-kinerja oleh  PNS Kelurahan Mojayan Kecamatan Klaten Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalaha pendekatan kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara kepada  PNS pada Kantor Kelurahan Mojayan Kecamatan Klaten Tengah. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa penerapan aplikasi E-kinerja sangat berguna dalam mengukur kinerja pegawai. Faktor penghambat penggunaan E-kinerja adalah kemampuan teknologi yang dimiliki PNS masih terbatas, serta kedisiplinan penggunaan aplikasi yang seharusnya dikerjakan setiap namun dikerjakan dalam kurun waktu seminggu atau sebulan sekali. Bahkan terdapat PNS yang tidak mematuhi kebijakan tersebut dan bersedia diberi sangsi berupa pemotongan tambahan penghasilan. Atasan berperan aktif dalam memonitoring laporan E-kinerja dengan memberikan teguran secara lisan dan pembinaan kepada karyawan yang tidak disiplin, dan memberikan dukungan berupa intensif kepada karyawan yang kurang disiplin.
Artificial intelligence automatic measurement technology of lumbosacral radiographic parameters
Authors: Yuan Shuo , Chen Ruiyuan , Liu Xingyu , Wang Tianyi , Wang Aobo , Fan Ning , Du Peng , Xi Yu , Gu Zhao , Zhang Yiling , Zang Lei
Published: July 2024

Background

Currently, manual measurement of lumbosacral radiological parameters is time-consuming and laborious, and inevitably produces considerable variability. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning-based model for automatically measuring lumbosacral radiographic parameters on lateral lumbar radiographs.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 1,240 lateral lumbar radiographs to train the model. The included images were randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets in a ratio of approximately 8:1:1 for model training, fine-tuning, and performance evaluation, respectively. The parameters measured in this study were lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral horizontal angle (SHA), intervertebral space angle (ISA) at L4–L5 and L5–S1 segments, and the percentage of lumbar spondylolisthesis (PLS) at L4–L5 and L5–S1 segments. The model identified key points using image segmentation results and calculated measurements. The average results of key points annotated by the three spine surgeons were used as the reference standard. The model’s performance was evaluated using the percentage of correct key points (PCK), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and box plots.

Results

The model’s mean differences from the reference standard for LL, SHA, ISA (L4–L5), ISA (L5–S1), PLS (L4–L5), and PLS (L5–S1) were 1.69°, 1.36°, 1.55°, 1.90°, 1.60%, and 2.43%, respectively. When compared with the reference standard, the measurements of the model had better correlation and consistency (LL, SHA, and ISA: ICC = 0.91–0.97, r = 0.91–0.96, MAE = 1.89–2.47, RMSE = 2.32–3.12; PLS: ICC = 0.90–0.92, r = 0.90–0.91, MAE = 1.95–2.93, RMSE = 2.52–3.70), and the differences between them were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The model developed in this study could correctly identify key vertebral points on lateral lumbar radiographs and automatically calculate lumbosacral radiographic parameters. The measurement results of the model had good consistency and reliability compared to manual measurements. With additional training and optimization, this technology holds promise for future measurements in clinical practice and analysis of large datasets.
Birds, bats and beyond: evaluating generalization in bioacoustics models
Authors: van Merriënboer Bart , Hamer Jenny , Dumoulin Vincent , Triantafillou Eleni , Denton Tom
Published: July 2024

In the context of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) better models are needed to reliably gain insights from large amounts of raw, unlabeled data. Bioacoustics foundation models, which are general-purpose, adaptable models that can be used for a wide range of downstream tasks, are an effective way to meet this need. Measuring the capabilities of such models is essential for their development, but the design of robust evaluation procedures is a complex process. In this review we discuss a variety of fields that are relevant for the evaluation of bioacoustics models, such as sound event detection, machine learning metrics, and transfer learning (including topics such as few-shot learning and domain generalization). We contextualize these topics using the particularities of bioacoustics data, which is characterized by large amounts of noise, strong class imbalance, and distribution shifts (differences in the data between training and deployment stages). Our hope is that these insights will help to inform the design of evaluation protocols that can more accurately predict the ability of bioacoustics models to be deployed reliably in a wide variety of settings.
Tripterygium drug-loaded liposome alleviates renal function by promoting vascularization and inhibiting fibrosis
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wang Jiajia , Zhou Jianyu , Yu Haifeng , Zheng Lu , Chen Yuan , Wan Xiaoqing , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Tripterygium species have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for treating various conditions. The aim of the study was to construct a drug-modified renal infarction targeting liposome (rTor-LIP) containing Tripterygium in order to improve the therapeutic effect on renal injury.

Methods: rTor-LIP was prepared using the extruder method containing Tripterygium solution. The preparation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Marvin laser particle size analyzer, and Western blotting. In vitro experiments were conducted to verify the biocompatibility of rTor-LIP, and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the therapeutic effect of rTor- LIP on renal injury.

Results and discussion: The surface of rTor-LIP was regular and oval. In vitro results showed that after co-incubation with rTor-LIP, endothelial cells did not show significant apoptosis, and there were no significant abnormalities in the mitochondrial metabolism. The in vivo results showed that the morphology of endothelial cells in the rTor-LIP group was uniform and the cytoplasmic striations were clear, but the local striations had disappeared. Thus, rTor-LIP nano-targeted liposomes can effectively target hypoxic kidney tissue, providing a new idea for the treatment of renal infarction.
Experiences of Afghan-Canadian language and cultural advisors who served with Canadian forces abroad: an interpretive phenomenological analysis
Authors: Mercier Jean-Michel , Carmichael Victoria , Dupuis Gabrielle , Mazhari Sayed Ahmad Zia , Fatimi Yahseer , Laidler Tim , Hosseiny Fardous
Published: July 2024

Though much research has been conducted on the potential well-being effects of deployment on armed forces members, a significant gap seems to exist in the literature when it comes to its effect on conflict-zone interpreters. Drawing on the experiences of six former Afghan-Canadian Language and Cultural Advisors (LCAs), this paper aims to contribute to expanding the nascent literature on conflict-zone interpreters by exploring how former LCAs perceive their experiences before, during, and after their deployment and the resulting impacts on their well-being. Interested in an in-depth exploration of the experiences of former LCAs, this study employed an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Through the analysis, four superordinate themes emerged in participants’ narratives including: (1) the right opportunity, referring to the reasons for becoming an LCA; (2) overcoming challenges, when it comes to the work itself; (3) deserving better, relating to the experience returning to post-service life; and (4) moving forward, speaking to the current reality of participants. The results reveal key insights into the unique experiences and support needs of former Afghan-Canadian LCAs included in the study, offering an in-depth account of their experience before, during and after their service. The findings also offer important considerations regarding the support available not just to interpreters but to all contractors deployed in conflict-zones.
Correlation analysis of gamma-glutamyl transferase to lymphocyte ratio and patients with acute aortic syndrome in China: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Li Minhong , Xu Weimin , Chen Hongchun , Lai Yidong , Chen Yequn , Shu Zhouwu , Tan Xuerui
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening condition in which there is a fracture in the integrity of the aortic wall. gamma-glutamyl transferase to lymphocyte ratio (GLR) is recognized as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are no clinical reports of GLR and AAS. We attempted to determine whether GLR level is associated with AAS in patients from the Chaoshan region of southern China.

Methods

A total of 2,384 patients were recruited in this study and were divided into AAS and no-AAS groups according to the results of CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of AAS. ROC was applied to assess the value of D-Dimer, GLR alone, or in combination for the diagnosis of AAS. And a 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis was performed.

Results

Multivariate logistics regression analysis indicated that male, age, hypertension, diabetes, creatinine, D-dimer, and GLR were independent risk factors of AAS patients in the before propensity score-matching cohort. After propensity score-matching, it showed that D-dimer, GLR [OR 3.558(1.891, 6.697); p < 0.001] were independent risk factors of AAS patients. Before propensity score-matching, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.822 of GLR and 0.767 of D-dimer. When both clinical backgrounds were adjusted, the AUC was 0.773 of GLR and 0.631 of D-dimer. GLR showed high specificity (80.5% and 77.1%), and D-dimer showed high sensitivity (84.7% and 73.6%) in the before and after propensity score-matching cohort.

Conclusion

GLR and D-dimer were independent risk factors of acute aortic syndrome. D-dimer in combination with GLR is more valuable than a single indicator for diagnosing acute aortic syndrome.
An interpretable probabilistic prediction algorithm for shield movement performance
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Liu Long , Wu Jian , Zeng Shaoxiang , Hu Jianquan , Tao Yuanqin , Huang Yong , Zhou Xuetao , Liang Xu
Published: July 2024

Total thrust and torque are two key indicators of shield movement performance. Most existing data-driven machine learning studies focus on developing more accurate models for predicting total thrust and torque but overlook the interpretability of the models. To address this black-box issue, this study proposes an interpretable probabilistic prediction algorithm for the shield movement performance. The algorithm uses the natural gradient boosting (NGBoost) model to iteratively update the parametric probability distributions (e.g., mean and variance) and achieve probabilistic predictions of the total thrust and torque. The impact of each feature on the prediction values and uncertainty is quantified by extending the importance analysis of a single deterministic predictive value to both the mean and variance. The feature interactions are analyzed and their predictive contributions are quantified by the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method. The transparency of the NGBoost model is improved through the visualization of the decision-making process. A shield tunneling project in Hangzhou is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the NGboost model outperforms other five models in terms of accuracy. The prediction results are interpretable, and the interpretable probabilistic model provides decision-makers with a more intuitive and reliable reference.
Migration and focusing of porphyry deposit-forming fluids through aplitic mush of the Saginaw Hill cupola, Arizona, United States
Authors: Carter Lawrence C. , Williamson Ben J.
Published: July 2024

Porphyry-type Cu ± Au ± Mo deposits form in the upper (ca. 2–5 km deep) parts of large, long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal systems in which mineralising fluids are thought to be derived from mid-to shallow-crustal magma chambers. Increasingly, however, magmatic systems are viewed as consisting of mush with minor and transient lenses of magma, with mush being a variably packed framework of crystals with interstitial melt and magmatic volatile phase (MVP). In this context, questions remain as to the source (mainly depth) and mechanisms of transport and focussing of the vast volumes of fluids required for shallow level porphyry-type mineralisation. Even more problematic is a paucity of first-order textural evidence for the presence of mush in magmatic-hydrothermal systems, including those which host porphyry-type deposits. To address this, we have studied the aplitic porphyry cupola of the Saginaw Hill magmatic system, Tuscon, Arizona, United States, where magmatic-hydrothermal features are exceptionally well exposed, including a massive silica cap, quartz unidirectional solidification textures (USTs), stockworks of multiple generations of variably mineralised quartz veins and mineralised miarolitic cavities. From field-to micro-scale textural and geochemical studies, particularly observations of vermiform quartz between earlier generations of magmatic quartz and feldspar, we evidence the development of fluid pathways through mush at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. These are shown to connect and provide fluids and ore constituents to the mineralised miarolitic cavities and early quartz vein stockworks. We suggest that this process should be considered in all new genetic, exploration and numerical models for porphyry and similar types of magmatic-hydrothermal ore-deposits.
Genetic and non-genetic factors in prediction of early pubertal development in Chinese girls
Authors: Li Weiqin , Du Yuexin , Feng Lingyan , Song Panpan , Wang Leishen , Zhang Shuang , Li Wei , Zhu Dandan , Liu Huikun
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to develop a combined predictive model for early pubertal development (EPD) in girls based on both non-genetic and genetic factors.

Methods

The case-control study encompassed 147 girls diagnosed with EPD and 256 girls who exhibited normal pubertal development. The non-genetic risk score (NGRS) was calculated based on 6 independent biochemical predictors screened by multivariate logistic regressions, and the genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed using 28 EPD related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AROC), net reclassification optimization index (NRI) and integration differentiation index (IDI) were used to evaluate the improvement of adding genetic variants to the non-genetic risk model.

Results

Overweight (OR=2.74), longer electronic screen time (OR=1.79) and higher ratio of plastic bottled water (OR=1.01) were potential risk factors, and longer exercise time (OR=0.51) and longer day sleeping time (OR=0.97) were protective factors for EPD, and the AROC of NGRS model was 83.6% (79.3-87.9%). The GRS showed a significant association with EPD (OR=1.90), and the AROC of GRS model was 65.3% (59.7-70.8%). After adding GRS to the NGRS model, the AROC significantly increased to 85.7% (81.7-89.6%) (P=0.020), and the reclassification significantly improved, with NRI of 8.19% (P= 0.023) and IDI of 4.22% (P <0.001).

Conclusions

We established a combined prediction model of EPD in girls. Adding genetic variants to the non-genetic risk model brought modest improvement. However, the non-genetic factors such as overweight and living habits have higher predictive utility.
Evaluation of forest loss data using fractal algorithms: case study Eastern Carpathians–Romania
Authors: Diaconu Daniel Constantin , Andronache Ion , Gruia Andrei Rafael , Bazac Titus , Băloi Aurel Mihail
Published: July 2024

Logging causes the fragmentation of areas with direct implications for hydrological processes, landslides, or habitats. The assessment of this fragmentation process plays an important role in the planning of future logging, reconstruction, and protection measures for the whole ecosystem. The methodology used includes imaging techniques applying two fractal indices: the Fractal Fragmentation Index (FFI) and the Fractal Fragmentation and Disorder Index (FFDI). The results showed the annual evolution and disposition of deforested areas. Only 3% of deforestation resulted in the fragmentation and splitting of forest plots. The remaining 97% resulted in the reduction of existing compact stands without fragmentation. The method has many advantages in quantifying the spatial evolution of forests, estimating the capture of carbon emissions and establishing sustainability of bird and animal habitats. The analysis took place in the Eastern Carpathians, in Romania, in the time period of 2001–2022.
Greenhouse production of baby leaf vegetables using rainbow trout wastewater in a high-tech vertical decoupled aquaponic system
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Ioanna , Ravani Maria , Papadopoulos Dimitrios K. , Kelesidis George , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Tsaballa Aphrodite , Koukounaras Athanasios , Ntinas Georgios K.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Aquaponics is an integrated food production system that links recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics, leading to higher water use efficiency than conventional food production systems while also saving on fertilizers. In the present study, baby lettuce and baby rocket plants cultivated hydroponically in a deep water culture system using wastewater from rainbow trout were evaluated as part of a vertical decoupled aquaponic system.

Materials and methods

More specifically, three different nutrient solutions were supplied: a) using fish wastewater only (designated as Fish); b) fish wastewater enriched with synthetic fertilizers (Mix); and c) a typical nutrient solution (Hoagland) as the control. Both lettuce and rocket plants were monitored in these nutrient solutions and in two different substrates, peat and perlite, as an organic and an inert substrate, respectively. The purpose of this study was to assess a vertical decoupled aquaponic system with regard to the resource use efficiency, such as water, land, and energy, while evaluating plant cultivation in the different treatments in terms of yield, growth, nitrate concentration on the leaf tissue, and foliar analysis. The photosynthetic rate and leaf color indices were also considered in the plant evaluation.

Results

The Mix–Peat treatment was the most efficient growing combination in terms of land and water use efficiency, with approximately 7% better land use efficiency while using 38% less water and 10% less fertilizer than Hoagland–Peat. Moreover, lettuce plants had the highest yield in the Mix–Peat treatment, at 2,497 g m−2, which was approximately 6% higher than that of Hoagland–Peat while not being inferior in the quality measures. On the other hand, the yield of rocket was significantly higher in the Hoagland–Peat treatment, being 18% higher than that of Mix–Peat and 30% higher than that of Fish–Peat. Overall, the study confirmed that aquaponic systems could lead to higher water use efficiency and savings in fertilizers without undermining the yield and quality of lettuce, while the vertical arrangement developed within the scope of this study can increase the land useefficiency of the system.
Causality of immune cells on primary sclerosing cholangitis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Pu , Xie Sinan , Cai Yunshi , Liu Hu , Lv Yinghao , Yang Ying , He Yucheng , Yin Bangjie , Lan Tian , Wu Hong
Published: July 2024

Background

Observational studies have indicated that immune dysregulation in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) primarily involves intestinal-derived immune cells. However, the causal relationship between peripheral blood immune cells and PSC remains insufficiently understood.

Methods

A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to determine the causal effect between PBC and 731 immune cells. All datasets were extracted from a publicly available genetic database. The standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was selected as the main method for the causality analysis. Cochran’s Q statistics and MR-Egger intercept were performed to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

In forward MR analysis, the expression ratios of CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid DC (OR = 1.136, 95% CI = 1.032–1.250, p = 0.009) and CD62L-myeloid DC AC (OR = 1.267, 95% CI = 1.086–1.477, p = 0.003) were correlated with a higher risk of PSC. Each one standard deviation increase of CD28 on resting regulatory T cells (Treg) (OR = 0.724, 95% CI = 0.630–0.833, p < 0.001) and CD3 on secreting Treg (OR = 0.893, 95% CI = 0.823–0.969, p = 0.007) negatively associated with the risk of PSC. In reverse MR analysis, PSC was identified with a genetic causal effect on EM CD8+ T cell AC, CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD127− CD25++ CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD25++ CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD8+ T cell/CD8+ T cell, CD28− CD8+ T cell AC, and CD45 RA− CD28− CD8+ T cell AC.

Conclusion

Our study indicated the evidence of causal effects between PSC and immune cells, which may provide a potential foundation for future diagnosis and treatment of PSC.
Mitotic catastrophe heterogeneity: implications for prognosis and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mao Zun , Gao Zhixiang , Long Ruyu , Guo Huimin , Chen Long , Huan Sheng , Yin Guoping
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

The mitotic catastrophe (MC) pathway plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation. However, the mechanisms linking MC heterogeneity to immune evasion and treatment response remain unclear.

Methods

Based on 94 previously published highly correlated genes for MC, HCC patients’ data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and changes in immune signatures and prognostic stratification were studied. Time and spatial-specific differences for MCGs were assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome (ST) analysis. Multiple external databases (GEO, ICGC) were employed to construct an MC-related riskscore model.

Results

Identification of two MC-related subtypes in HCC patients from TCGA, with clear differences in immune signatures and prognostic risk stratification. Spatial mapping further associates low MC tumor regions with significant immune escape-related signaling. Nomogram combining MC riskscore and traditional indicators was validated great effect for early prediction of HCC patient outcomes.

Conclusion

MC heterogeneity enables immune escape and therapy resistance in HCC. The MC gene signature serves as a reliable prognostic indicator for liver cancer. By revealing clear immune and spatial heterogeneity of HCC, our integrated approach provides contextual therapeutic strategies for optimal clinical decision-making.
An overview of carbon-carbon composite materials and their applications
Authors: Agarwal Nilesh , Rangamani Aditya , Bhavsar Kathan , Virnodkar Shreyash Santosh , Fernandes Aldrin Antonio Agostinho , Chadha Utkarsh , Srivastava Divyansh , Patterson Albert E. , Rajasekharan Vezhavendhan
Published: July 2024

Carbon-carbon composites are advanced materials known for their high strength, high-temperature stability, and superior thermal conductivity. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength are examined, as well as thermal properties like the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity, to understand the characteristics of the composite. Carbon-carbon composites are ideal for the aerospace industry’s need for lightweight and high-performance materials. Tribological and surface properties are relevant to this discussion, given the use case of carbon-carbon composites in extreme conditions, the effect of exposing the composite to different fluids and the change in friction and wear properties. Coatings can protect the composite from environmental factors such as UV radiation, oxidation, and erosion. Self-healing composites that can repair themselves can increase the lifespan of structures while reducing maintenance costs. These have been used in aerospace applications such as airplane braking systems, rocket nozzles, and re-entry vehicle heat shields. Furthermore, researchers have recently addressed the problem of finishing and drilling without delamination and loss of properties, and this study looks into unconventional methods that can be adopted for the same. This study aims to provide an overview of the current state of carbon-carbon composite materials and their applications.
Mortality and its associated factors among mechanically ventilated adult patients in the intensive care units of referral hospitals in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Tadesse Eyob Eshete , Tilahun Ambaye Dejen , Yesuf Nurhusein Nuru , Nimani Teshome Demis , Mekuria Tesfaye Ayenew
Published: July 2024

Background

Worldwide, nearly half of the patients admitted to intensive care units require ventilatory support. Despite advances in intensive care unit patient management and mechanical ventilator utilization, the odds of mortality among mechanically ventilated patients are higher in resource-limited settings. Little is known about the mortality of patients on mechanical ventilation outside the capital of Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess mortality and its associated factors among mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive care units.

Method

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units from 1 February 2020 to 1 March 2023. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 434 patients’ charts. A data extraction tool designed on the Kobo toolbox, a smartphone data collection platform, was used to collect the data. The data were exported into Microsoft Excel 2019 and then into Stata 17 for data management and analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of the study participants. A bivariable logistic regression was conducted, and variables with p ≤ 0.20 were recruited for multivariable analysis. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05, and the strength of associations was summarized using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.

Result

A total of 404 charts of mechanically ventilated patients were included, with a completeness rate of 93.1%. The overall proportion of mortality was 62.87%, with a 95% CI of (58.16–67.58). In the multivariable logistic regression, age 41–70 years (AOR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.89–9.62), sepsis (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.08–5.46), reintubation (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.06–7.21), and sedation use (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.98) were found to be significant factors associated with the mortality of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion

The magnitude of mortality among mechanically ventilated patients was high. Factors associated with increased odds of death were advanced age, sepsis, and reintubation. However, sedation use was a factor associated with decreased mortality. Healthcare professionals in intensive care units should pay special attention to patients with sepsis, those requiring reintubation, those undergoing sedation, and those who are of advanced age.