bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rabin8 phosphorylated by NDR2, the canine early retinal degeneration gene product, directs rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking
Authors: Fresquez Theresa , Tam Beatrice M. , Eshelman Shannon C. , Moritz Orson L. , Robichaux Michael A. , Deretic Dusanka
Published: January 2025

The Rab11–Rabin8–Rab8 ciliogenesis complex regulates the expansion of cilia-derived light-sensing organelles, the rod outer segments, via post-Golgi rhodopsin transport carriers (RTCs). Rabin8 (also known as RAB3IP), an effector of Rab11 proteins and a nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab8 proteins, is phosphorylated at S272 by NDR2 kinase (also known as STK38L), the canine early retinal degeneration (erd) gene product linked to the human ciliopathy Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Here, we define the step at which NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 and regulates Rab11-to-Rab8 succession in Xenopus laevis transgenic rod photoreceptors expressing human GFP–Rabin8 and its mutants. GFP–Rabin8 accumulated with endogenous Rabin8 at the Golgi-apposed exit sites (GESs), also known as the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Rabin8 mutants deficient in Rab11 binding prevented membrane association of GFP–Rabin8. GFP–Rabin8 and NDR2 kinase both interacted with the RTC-associated R-SNARE VAMP7 at the trans-Golgi and the GESs. Here, GFP–Rabin8 and the phosphomimetic GFP–Rabin8-S272E integrated into RTCs, which were subsequently functionalized by Rabin8 Rab8 GEF activity. Non-phosphorylatable GFP–Rabin8-S272A caused significant GES enlargement and deformation, possibly leading to unconventional membrane advancement toward the cilium, bypassing RTCs. Rabin8 phosphorylation loss due to an NDR2 gene disruption thereby likely causes dysfunctional rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking underlying retinal degeneration and early-onset blindness.
Hybrid methods for uncertain knowledge inference
Authors: Κόβας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2025

Η λήψη αποφάσεων ή η δημιουργία προβλέψεων από δεδομένα μέσω μεθόδων μηχανικής μάθησης (ΜΜ) είναι από τα ερευνητικά θέματα υψηλού ενδιαφέροντος τα τελευταία χρόνια. Ένα μειονέκτημα των μεθόδων αυτών είναι η αδιαφάνεια στον τρόπο εξαγωγής αποτελεσμάτων, και ως εκ τούτου η αδυναμία παροχής επεξηγήσεων, διότι τα χρησιμοποιούμενα μοντέλα ΜΜ δεν το επιτρέπουν. Μια εναλλακτική είναι η δημιουργία μοντέλων που έχουν τέτοια δυνατότητα, όπως τα μοντέλα βασισμένα σε κανόνες (rule-based models) ή σε περιπτώσεις (case-based models). Επίσης, στα περισσότερα προβλήματα είτε υπάρχουν ελλιπή δεδομένα είτε η γνώση που παριστάνουν τα δεδομένα είναι εγγενώς αβέβαιη, καταστάσεις που πρέπει επίσης να αντιμετωπιστούν. Ένα άλλο (ενίοτε) μειονέκτημα των μοντέλων ΜΜ είναι η αναγκαιότητα ύπαρξης (ικανών) δεδομένων, τα οποία δεν είναι πάντα διαθέσιμα. Τα μοντέλα των κανόνων δεν έχουν αυτό το μειονέκτημα. Τέλος, έχει αποδειχθεί ότι ο κατάλληλος υβριδισμός μεθόδων σε ένα μοντέλο καταλήγει σε καλύτερα αποτελέσματα. Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζονται μοντέλα και μέθοδοι που βασίζονται στις παραπάνω ερευνητικές κατευθύνσεις. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στα πρώτο δυο μέρη παρουσιάζεται ένα μοντέλο, ονόματι ACRES, που έχει σχεδιαστεί για να παράγει έμπειρα συστήματα βασισμένα σε κανόνες με ενσωματωμένο μοντέλο συντελεστών βεβαιότητας (certainty factors) από σύνολα δεδομένων. Το ACRES διαθέτει διάφορες μεθόδους εξαγωγής κανόνων και υπολογισμού των συντελεστών βεβαιότητας από δεδομένα, καθώς και ιεραρχικής οργάνωσης των κανόνων ώστε να διευκολύνεται η παροχή επεξηγήσεων. Η απόδοσή του συγκρίνεται με πολλές γνωστές μεθόδους ΜΜ. Στην συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται μια υβριδική αρχιτεκτονική συλλογισμού, που συνδυάζει διάφορες μεθόδους συλλογισμού: κανόνες, περιπτώσεις, βάρη, και ψηφοφορία, και χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την επίλυση του πολύπλοκου προβλήματος της διάγνωσης ασθενειών των ψαριών, για το οποίο δεν διατίθενται δεδομένα. Τέλος παρουσιάζεται μια υβριδική μέθοδος συλλογισμού που ενσωματώνει την εξόρυξη διεργασιών και τον συλλογισμό με κανόνες στο πλαίσιο του συλλογισμού με περιπτώσεις, η οποία εφαρμόστηκε σε ένα σύστημα εξατομικευμένης παροχής υπηρεσιών σε άτομα με διαταραχές του φάσματος του αυτισμού.
Timing Complex News to Target Attention
Authors: Cuñat Vicente , Groen-Xu Moqi
Published: January 2025

Investors have limited and time-varying attention. These constraints are heterogeneous across investors, which can create asymmetric information and adverse selection problems. We show how firms take these constraints into account: They release harder-to-process news in periods when investor attention is higher. We use an institutional discontinuity within the U.S. corporate filing system to measure these effects. Filings before 5:30 p.m. become available immediately, whereas filings after 5:30 p.m. only become visible the next morning and attract less attention. Firms release longer and more complex news just before the cutoff, giving investors the longest possible period to absorb the information before markets open. Firms experience faster price convergence and more liquidity after precutoff news despite their complexity, which is consistent with the additional attention that they attract. We outline a framework in which the need for investors to spread their attention across different ideas induces firms to file their more complex filings at times when investor attention is higher. Our results are consistent with an equilibrium in which investors pay more attention to complex news and in which firms with complex news time them to target investor attention.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03722 .
Sexualidade e Gênero: Cartografando Entraves para Visita Íntima no Sistema Socioeducativo do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Da Silva Juraci Brito , Da Rocha Bárbara Silva da Rocha , Pereira Mattos Lana
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo cartografar como o sistema socioeducativo se posiciona frente à possibilidade de implantação da visita íntima, bem como as expectativas de um grupo de adolescentes ao vislumbrarem a garantia desse direito. A discussão sobre o tema abarcou os direitos sexuais e os direitos reprodutivos a partir da agenda de gênero e sexualidade. Foram realizados 03 encontros na modalidade de oficina com 11 adolescentes, entre 15 e 17 anos de idade, em uma unidade feminina da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A visita íntima é direito garantido pela Lei Federal n° 12.594 de 2012, tendo como finalidade a convivência familiar, o fortalecimento dos vínculos entre o casal e a promoção à saúde. Os conceitos de analisador e recalcitrância foram utilizados para compreender os recursos acionados pela instituição, sendo a segurança elemento regulador da ordem interna. Nossa aposta é que estudos como este constituem-se como elementos catalisadores de um debate interessado na efetivação de políticas comprometidas com os direitos sexuais e os direitos reprodutivos das/os adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa.
Qualidade de vida profissional de trabalhadores de enfermagem do contexto hospitalar: estudo transversal
Authors: Batalha Edenise Maria Santos da Silva , Picanço Carina Marinho , Garzin Ana Claudia Alcântara , Silva Silmar Maria da , Santos Rebeca Barbosa , Melleiro Marta Maria
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida profissional de trabalhadores de enfermagem e identificar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 180 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de um hospital público, com aplicação de questionário sóciodemográfico e profissional e da Professional Quality of Life Scale 4 - versão brasileira. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, testes de associação e de correlação. Resultados: evidenciou-se maior frequência de satisfação por compaixão e menor de estresse traumático. A satisfação por compaixão apresentou correlação negativa com burnout (r=-0,21; p<0,01)) e estresse traumático (r=-0,23; p<0,01), enquanto estes apresentaram correlação positiva entre si (r=0,43; p<0,001). O tipo de vínculo esteve associado ao burnout (p<0,001), o turno de trabalho ao estresse traumático (p=0,02), e o local de trabalho aos três componentes da escala (p<0,05). Conclusão: a elevada satisfação nos trabalhadores configura-se como um fator protetivo. Intervenções para o burnout e estresse traumático são necessárias, podendo basear-se nos fatores associados.
Significados das ações de trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica
Authors: Nasi Cíntia , Schneider Jacó  Fernando , Pinho Leandro Barbosa de , Camatta Marcio Wagner , Carvalho Savannah Leitzke , Souza Natália Klauck de
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: compreender os significados das ações de trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica. Método: estudo qualitativo com referencial da sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz realizado em uma internação psiquiátrica em um hospital universitário no município de Porto Alegre, com 20 trabalhadores de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista fenomenológica, no período de maio a agosto de 2017. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: a análise compreensiva das falas originou três categorias concretas:  ação orientada para relações interativas; ação orientada para a gestão do cuidado; e ação orientada pelo ensino e pesquisa. Considerações finais: a ambiência e a relação profissional/paciente são fundamentais no cuidado em saúde mental. A incorporação do ensino e pesquisa no cenário de estudo foi o diferencial no trabalho da equipe, pelo aprimoramento do cuidado em saúde mental na perspectiva da Atenção Psicossocial.
60 anos do golpe de 1964 | Entrevista com Edson Luis de Almeida Teles
Authors: De Almeida Teles Edson Luis
Published: January 2025

Edson Luis de Almeida Teles, professor de Filosofia Política na Universidade Federal de São Paulo e ativista dos direitos humanos, reflete sobre os 60 anos do golpe de 1964, destacando três narrativas contestadas sobre o período ditatorial. Primeiro, a ideia de que o golpe foi executado somente por militares é reavaliada, reconhecendo a aliança de diversas forças, incluindo oligarquias e interesses dos EUA. Em segundo lugar, a repressão sistemática não se limitou à esquerda, atingindo indígenas, negros, e outros grupos marginalizados. Por fim, a transição para a democracia não foi uma ruptura total, pois elementos autoritários persistem na sociedade brasileira. Teles critica o desmantelamento das iniciativas de Justiça de Transição após 2016, especialmente sob o governo Bolsonaro, e enfatiza a necessidade de políticas de memória e verdade que garantam justiça e reparação. Ele observa que a militarização da política atual, embora diferente da ditadura, reflete traços da lógica autoritária, resultando na criminalização da pobreza e na perpetuação da violência estatal. A análise denuncia a continuidade de práticas de opressão e apela por um entendimento crítico do passado para fortalecer a democracia no presente.
60 anos do golpe de 1964 | Entrevista com Tatyana de Amaral Maia
Authors: De Amaral Maia Tatyana
Published: January 2025

Tatyana de Amaral Maia, professora de História da UERJ, enfatiza a importância de entender o golpe de 1964 como um evento civil-militar apoiado por setores diversos, incluindo militares, políticos conservadores e a elite econômica. A historiografia atual reflete debates sobre as razões do golpe, incluindo a politização do anticomunismo e o apoio dos EUA, salientando que a ditadura resultante promoveu ampla violência e censura. A transição para a democracia foi negociada, limitando a Justiça de Transição e perpetuando a impunidade, especialmente pela manutenção da Lei da Anistia. A crítica crescente ao modelo de transição tem alimentado negacionismos que minimizam os impactos da ditadura, refletindo no aumento da militarização e na presença das Forças Armadas na política. A crise política desde 2013 ampliou a influência da extrema-direita, transformando as narrativas públicas. Ela frisa que a cultura autoritária, ainda presente nas esferas públicas, ameaça ideais democráticos e a justiça social, apontando a necessidade dos historiadores de se engajarem pela democracia. O contexto atual, com um Congresso conservador e desafios econômicos, exige cuidado na preservação e fortalecimento da democracia, especialmente em um ano de eleições municipais cruciais para o futuro político do país.
Polypharmacy in Older Patients
Authors: Woodford Henry J.
Published: January 2025

Polypharmacy is common among older people and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Assessing whether it is appropriate or inappropriate for an individual is more informative than relying on a simple pill count. Modern medicine is based on single disease guidelines that promote prescribing but tend not to have deprescribing criteria. Barriers to deprescribing promote the accumulation of medicines over time. Clinical trial data have limitations due to the selected populations recruited. Some evidence suggests older people with multi-morbidity may benefit less and people with frailty are at increased risk of harm. Prescribing can be inappropriate if it is not evidence-based, harm is likely to exceed the benefit, includes hazardous medications or combinations of medicines, the patient experiences therapeutic burden, there is reduced adherence or prescribing cascades. Medicines optimisation aims to improve prescribing quality for an individual patient and may include deprescribing. It is a complex process that includes shared decision-making, careful follow-up, and communication of any resulting prescription changes.
Yorkshire Power: From Black Gold to Green Energy
Authors: Williamson Jonny
Published: January 2025

As the transition to renewable energy becomes increasingly urgent, Yorkshire and the Humber are harnessing their rich industrial legacy to forge a sustainable future.
Taking Centre Stage in The Green Transition
Authors: Williamson Jonny
Published: January 2025

Skills body Enginuity explores how the net zero revolution is creating and reshaping engineering opportunities across Yorkshire and Humberside.
Binding Agreement Aims for Steelmaking Solutions
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

KTP intends to accelerate the move to low carbon steel
Leadership Education in Finland: A Critical Examination of Well-Being Management Approaches
Authors: Ryky Pinja , Järvensivu Anu , Paavola Sami
Published: January 2025

This study examines how work well-being is addressed in Finnish leadership education programs. The data consist of 91 publicly available course descriptions from Finnish leadership education programs in 2023, including those for master’s degrees from universities of applied sciences, traditional university-level leadership programs, and specialist vocational qualifications in leadership and business management. The study uses content analysis to examine the role of work well-being in leadership training. The results indicate that work well-being is often linked to organizational performance and treated as a tool for achieving economic goals, with less emphasis on the inherent value of employee well-being. This instrumental approach is prevalent across the different types of leadership training programs, including those found in the universities of applied sciences, traditional universities, and programs for specialist vocational qualifications in leadership and business management. The study also finds that leadership training programs often emphasize self-leadership and personal development, which can perpetuate a culture of individual responsibility for well-being and may lead to superficial leadership practices. The study concludes that Finnish leadership educators should prioritize holistic approaches to work well-being in leadership training, emphasizing its intrinsic value alongside its role in organizational performance, while researchers could explore methods to integrate and evaluate these balanced perspectives in diverse educational contexts.
A Case Report: Interposition Arthroplasty for Post-traumatic Elbow Arthritis
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India,, Angachekar Dhruva , Nakade Swastik ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Archik Sreedhar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Lombar Sahil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Bagul Jayesh ,   Department of Orthopedics, Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India,, Patel Shivam ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. KNS Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, Indi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Post-traumatic arthritis of elbow is a crippling condition that frequently develops after a serious joint injury. The condition is characterized by pain, rigidity, and diminished functionality, considerably affecting the quality of life of those impacted. Despite advancements in surgical and conservative management, the optimal treatment strategy remains elusive.

Case Report: A 31-year-old male presented to us with post-traumatic elbow arthritis with loss of function affecting his activities of daily living, 2 years post a road traffic accident. Radiographs showed a malunited right proximal humerus fracture with arthritic right elbow joints with implants present in situ. As he was a young person with high functional demands, we decided to take him up for elbow interposition arthroplasty. Fascia lata graft was taken and interposed between the prepared ends of the distal humerus and proximal ulna. Interoperative range of 20–120 degree was possible. One year post-surgery after undergoing rehabilitation therapy, the patient had good clinical function with elbow range of motion between 15 and 110° of flexion.

Conclusion: Interposition elbow arthroplasty provides satisfactory functional results in young patients with post-traumatic elbow arthritis.

Keywords: Post-traumatic elbow stiffness, elbow arthritis, fascia lata autograft, interposition arthroplasty.
Subacromial Distal Clavicle Dislocation with Associated Scapular Spine Fracture: A Case Report
Authors:   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21st Ave S, Suites 3200 and 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232,, Fox Jake A , Mead Reagan L ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21st Ave S, Suites 3200 and 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232,, Young Mason W ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21st Ave S, Suites 3200 and 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232,, Lee Sophie ,   John Hopkins University, Department of Engineering, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, LeClere Lance E ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21st Ave S, Suites 3200 and 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232,, Chang Peter S ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21st Ave S, Suites 3200 and 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232,
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Inferior or subacromial dislocation of the distal clavicle is a rare entity. Previous reports of this injury pattern have largely been limited to Rockwood VI acromioclavicular joint (AC) dislocations, with the distal clavicle located in the subcoracoid position. Few case reports have been described with the inferior clavicle being located in the subacromial space, and these have all been previously associated with clavicle fractures. To our knowledge, no previous case report exists in the literature with this AC joint injury and associated scapular spine fracture.

Case Report: Here, we report on a case of a 30-year-old right-hand dominant African American male who suffered a high-energy left-sided inferior distal clavicle dislocation with an associated scapular spine fracture that was successfully treated with open reduction of the AC joint dislocation, followed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the scapular spine fracture. After ORIF of the scapular spine and reduction of the AC joint, the AC joint was deemed to be a capsular injury with intact ligaments, so a simple capsular repair was performed. We also summarize the existing literature on this topic.

Conclusion: Inferior dislocation of the clavicle into the subacromial space with an associated scapular spine fracture is an extremely rare injury which has not been previously reported. This injury can successfully be managed by first reducing the AC joint, and then proceeding with anatomic reduction and fixation of the scapular spine with good functional result. The ligaments surrounding the AC joint in the subacromial pattern are often intact, and the dislocation is a result of capsular injury. This leads us to believe that subtyping the Rockwood VI classification to VIa (subacromial) and VIb (subcoracoid) would be useful for orthopedic surgeons due to differences in associated injury and subsequent operative management.

Keywords: AC joint, clavicle, scapula, Rockwood.
Femoral Nerve injury from slip and fall: A novel presentation of debilitating injury
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA,, Karsen Phillip , Long Jeremiah ,   Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA,, Noland Shelly ,   Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA,, McElvaney Christian ,   Surgical Technique Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA., Patel Karan ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA,
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Femoral nerve injury is a recognized complication of abdominal, pelvic, and orthopedic surgeries. It can also occur due to pelvic fractures, intra-abdominal trauma, and hip injuries. These injuries often result in pain, weakness, and difficulty with ambulation, significantly impacting a patient's quality of life.

Case Report: We report the case of a 72-year-old male who developed femoral nerve palsy while exiting a hot tub. The unusual mechanism of injury initially led to a missed diagnosis, delaying appropriate treatment. Following an extensive diagnostic workup, femoral nerve palsy was identified as the cause of his disability. Timely intervention ultimately led to the resolution of his symptoms.

Conclusion: This case highlights a novel mechanism of femoral nerve palsy and underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis for optimal outcomes. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for rare injury mechanisms to avoid delays in treatment.

Keywords: Femoral nerve, palsy, nerve injury.
Addiction, Autonomy, and Self-Insight
Authors: Maiese Michelle
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Theorists commonly maintain that addiction involves compulsion or diminished self-control. Some enactivist theorists have conceptualized this disruption to autonomous agency in terms of embodied habits that become overly rigid, so that an agent enacts this pattern of behavior even in circumstances that call for the activation of a very different set of habits. What is more, because addiction crowds out other goals and priorities, agents may become more one-dimensional and begin to lose a hold on values and commitments that are important to them. Rather than engaging in self-regulation to balance competing priorities and gain a better understanding of how different aspects of their identity relate to one another, agent’s lives become dominated by addictive behavior. I argue that enactivist notions of habit and self-equilibration can help to make sense of how the disruptions to autonomous agency characteristic of addiction are linked to diminished self-insight.
Quantitative phase microscopy for time-lapse hypoxia-induced cellular assays based on the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Silva Alejandro , Arocena Miguel , Hochmann Jimena , Fernández Ariel , Alonso Julia R.
Published: January 2025

Many cellular processes are sensitive to oxygen levels. Therefore,
studying how cancer cells respond to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) can
help to understand tumor progression and develop therapies. This study
investigates the dynamic response of CAL-27 human oral epithelial
carcinoma cells to hypoxic conditions induced by cell culture in a
well under a coverslip. A custom-built microscope enables multifocal
stack capture every 15 min so continuous monitoring of cellular
behavior is possible. Phase analysis, employing the transport of
intensity equation (TIE) for phase recovery, is used for time-lapse
imaging of local refractive index variance. This variance then serves
as an indicator of disorder strength within the cellular environment,
providing valuable insights into changes in cellular composition and
morphology during hypoxia.
Multispectral imaging and channel allocating for synchronous measurement of temperature and deformation over a wide temperature range
Authors: Wang Jinyang , Zhang Jinsong , Xu Chao , Chen Lianzhong , Jiang Jinsong , Tang Yunlong , Feng Xue
Published: January 2025

Synchronous measurement of temperature and deformation over a wide temperature range at elevated temperatures is essential for evaluating material performance and guiding the design of high temperature structural material. However, the significant variations in radiation intensities across different temperatures present challenges in obtaining high quality experimental images, often compromising measurement precision or causing measurement failure. To address this issue, we propose a novel multispectral channel selection method, to our knowledge, based on sensitivity calculations, enabling synchronous temperature and deformation measurements using a multispectral camera over a wide temperature range. This method allows the selection of three channel combinations to accommodate temperatures ranging from 800 K to 2000 K. Additionally, we calibrated a compensating light source and characterized the spectral properties of a typical specimen. Validation experiments using oxy-propane flame heating of a C/SiC specimen confirmed the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating its ability to maintain consistent optical parameters across the temperature range. Compared to traditional approaches, our method significantly enhances measurement accuracy and extends the measurable temperature range, providing a robust solution for performance testing and service life evaluation of materials and structures under extreme temperature conditions.
Far-field characterization method for 3D light field displays evaluation
Authors: Rabia Sedick , Zhuang Zhenfeng , Tremblay-Antoine Émile , Thibault Simon
Published: January 2025

We propose a novel far-field characterization method that provides a simple and fast measurement of three-dimensional (3D) light field display (LFD) performance. Using both experimental and theoretical approaches, we quantitatively compare far-field and near-field optical performances. Through the analysis of an integral imaging-based 3D LFD prototype, we show that far-field behavior of the reconstructed light field influences the 3D image resolution. Furthermore, we show that optimizing far-field performance improves the uniformity of the 3D image resolution across the angular field of view. The results underscore that the far-field analysis method is an effective and practical approach for assessing and optimizing the optical performance of 3D LFDs.
Integrated high-Q lithium niobate resonator with broadband absorber for uncooled longwave infrared sensing application
Authors: Xia Hui , Gao Xiangyu , Luo Hao , Li Zhanglong , Chen Changhong
Published: January 2025

Optical resonators with high Q-factor are of interest in infrared thermal sensors for their high-temperature sensitivity. Thin-film lithium niobate (LN), with low propagation loss in near-infrared, is a competitive material for a comparative advantage in thermal-optic coefficient and wider absorption range from longwave infrared (LWIR) to terahertz frequencies if compared with Si3N4 and SiO2. Here, we present an LWIR sensor on the LN-photonic platform, where a high-Q microring resonator is monolithically integrated with a broadband LWIR radiation absorber, compatible with the multilayer-stacked LN photonic circuits. It is demonstrated that the radiation can induce a significant mode-frequency shift of near-infrared probe light on the thermal-optic effect, even if the device suffers from relatively high frequency noise. The noise equivalent temperature difference of the sensor is evaluated as 1.33 mK through a short-term frequency instability measurement. Under the radiation at a wavelength of λ = 9.1 µm, the device achieves a responsivity of 155.25 kHz/nW and a response time of 128 µs. The integrated device scheme on the LN-photonic platform holds great promise in developing a high-sensitivity infrared sensor, even to enable infrared imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Spectral radiance calibration method for spectroradiometers based on diffraction aberration factors correction
Authors: Li Yao , Li Yiwen , Chen Ge , Ma Hui , Zhang Puyousen , Zhao Jingang , Ma Wenqi , Liu Chunyu
Published: January 2025

A spectroradiometer serves as a powerful instrument for measuring the spectral radiance of a target. The spectral radiance calibration function determines the measurement accuracy of the spectroradiometer. However, the general full-field calibration method results in higher spectral radiance values when dealing with targets that only partially fill the field of view (FOV). This error arises from the failure to account for the diffraction aberration factor, which represents the loss in response voltages on the spectroradiometer. To address this issue, we propose a spectral radiance calibration method based on diffraction aberration factors correction, which change with the FOV occupied by target. To obtain these factors, we have established a system where an infinite point source is conducted using a collimator and a blackbody incident on a pinhole. Different FOVs are achieved by adjusting the incident angle of the infinite point source. The experiment calibrated these diffraction aberration factors and demonstrates their spectral independence. Furthermore, the results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method, even when the measured target is not circular and does not fully occupy the FOV.
Compact and efficient grating coupler design combining a metalens and a topology-optimized mode converter
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Yue , Cheng Hang , Zhang Zeyang , Yang Guohui , Zhang Kuang , Wang Chunhui
Published: January 2025

Efficient and compact grating coupler designs are crucial for enhancing the performance of photonic integrated chips. In this work, we propose a design approach that combines metalens technology and topology optimization. As a proof of concept, we first designed an on-chip metalens to preliminarily improve the transmission efficiency of a compact mode converter. Building upon this, we applied a topology optimization algorithm to further optimize the tapered conversion region, compensating for the insertion loss caused by local periodic approximations in the metalens design. This process ultimately improved the transmission efficiency to 93.69%. By integrating this with the previously designed grating coupler, we experimentally demonstrated that the mode converter, with a size of 20 × 12 μm and a minimum feature size greater than 180 nm, achieves an insertion loss of only −0.4 dB. The compact grating coupler, designed within a 35 × 12 μm footprint, shows an insertion loss of −3.6 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Diffractive neural networks with polynomial phase masks for laser beam shaping with quasi-continuous diffractive optical elements
Authors: Buske Paul , Michels Louis , Wahl Christian , Grossert Christopher , Hofmann Oskar , Bonhoff Annika , Holly Carlo
Published: January 2025

We present a novel approach to designing continuous diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for laser beam shaping using diffractive neural networks (DNNs) with trainable polynomial phase masks. This method enables the creation of single phase masks and systems of cascaded phase masks that achieve consistently high beam shaping accuracy, regardless of the initial guess. Additionally, we demonstrate how the approach can be specifically adapted to incorporate the manufacturing conditions of a new type of continuous reflective DOEs, which we verify experimentally in a setup incorporating two DOEs.
Optical dispersion in twisted anisotropic materials
Authors: Arumugam Stree Vithya , Pannian Jisha , Alberucci Alessandro , Nolte Stefan
Published: January 2025

We theoretically investigate optical dispersion in twisted anisotropic materials, that is, when the optic axis undergoes a periodic modulation along the propagation axis while staying normal to the propagation direction. In the case of transversely-homogeneous geometries, we show that both group velocity and group velocity dispersion can be largely tuned both in magnitude and sign by changing the medium anisotropy, the maximum rotation angle, the modulation period and the input polarization. In doing that, we demonstrate a new type of optical spin-Hall effect occurring in the temporal domain. Our results introduce a new way to control the temporal profile of ultrashort pulses, automatically encompassing a structured polarization in time.
Research on key technologies of real-time non-line-of-sight imaging based on array time-of-flight camera
Authors: Sun Zhi-Bin , Yuan Han , Li Wen , Ji Zhenchen , Ai Hongxu , yao Jiaqi , Wang Yan-Qiu , zheng fu
Published: January 2025

In order to solve the problems of slow imaging speed, small imaging range, complex and expensive imaging system in existing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging technologies, a real-time NLOS field imaging method based on the array time-of-flight (ToF) was proposed, and a theoretical model of NLOS imaging of array ToF was established to study the effects of imaging distance and light source illumination angle on system reconstruction results and system performance. The evaluation index of ToF NLOS imaging was constructed. This system uses 850 nm modulated laser as illumination light source, and the CMOS array as sensor to receive the scattered light. The true depth map of the hidden target can be extracted by peak bandpass filtering from the raw depth data. The experimental results show that the system can achieve real-time NLOS scene reconstruction of small targets such as the 15 cm×19 cm×30 cm plaster statue when both of the intermediate plane and the hidden object are near Lambertian bodies within the imaging distance of 3.5 m. The illumination angle of the light source can be adjusted within the range of 60° to 90°, and the real-time imaging speed of NLOS area is 2.0565 frames per second. The pixel size is 320×240, the maximum pixel size of the target corresponding area is 150×100, and the minimum distance of horizontal multiple target images without aliasing is 3.5 cm. The key technology of real-time NLOS field imaging based on array ToF camera is demonstrated in this paper. The system we proposed can achieve NLOS imaging with large imaging range, fast imaging speed, high imaging resolution and strong anti-interference ability.
Dynamic collateral sensitivity profiles highlight opportunities and challenges for optimizing antibiotic treatments
Authors: Maltas Jeff , Huynh Anh , Wood Kevin B.
Published: January 2025

As failure rates for traditional antimicrobial therapies escalate, recent focus has shifted to evolution-based therapies to slow resistance. Collateral sensitivity—the increased susceptibility to one drug associated with evolved resistance to a different drug—offers a potentially exploitable evolutionary constraint, but the manner in which collateral effects emerge over time is not well understood. Here, we use laboratory evolution in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis to phenotypically characterize collateral profiles through evolutionary time. Specifically, we measure collateral profiles for 400 strain-antibiotic combinations over the course of 4 evolutionary time points as strains are selected in increasing concentrations of antibiotic. We find that at a global level—when results from all drugs are combined—collateral resistance dominates during early phases of adaptation, when resistance to the selecting drug is lower, while collateral sensitivity becomes increasingly likely with further selection. At the level of individual populations; however, the trends are idiosyncratic; for example, the frequency of collateral sensitivity to ceftriaxone increases over time in isolates selected by linezolid but decreases in isolates selected by ciprofloxacin. We then show experimentally how dynamic collateral sensitivity relationships can lead to time-dependent dosing windows that depend on finely timed switching between drugs. Finally, we develop a stochastic mathematical model based on a Markov decision process consistent with observed dynamic collateral profiles to show measurements across time are required to optimally constrain antibiotic resistance.
An efficient smart phone application for wheat crop diseases detection using advanced machine learning
Authors: Niaz Awais Amir , Ashraf Rehan , Mahmood Toqeer , Faisal C. M. Nadeem , Abid Muhammad Mobeen
Published: January 2025

Globally, agriculture holds significant importance for human food, economic activities, and employment opportunities. Wheat stands out as the most cultivated crop in the farming sector; however, its annual production faces considerable challenges from various diseases. Timely and accurate identification of these wheat plant diseases is crucial to mitigate damage and enhance overall yield. Pakistan stands among the leading crop producers due to favorable weather and rich soil for production. However, traditional agricultural practices persist, and there is insufficient emphasis on leveraging technology. A significant challenge faced by the agriculture sector, particularly in countries like Pakistan, is the untimely and inefficient diagnosis of crop diseases. Existing methods for disease identification often result in inaccuracies and inefficiencies, leading to reduced productivity. This study proposes an efficient application for wheat crop disease diagnosis, adaptable for both mobile devices and computer systems as the primary decision-making engine. The application utilizes sophisticated machine learning techniques, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and AdaBoost, combined with feature extraction methods such as Count Vectorization (CV) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). These advanced methods collectively achieve up to 99% accuracy in diagnosing 14 key wheat diseases, representing a significant improvement over traditional approaches. The application provides a practical decision-making tool for farmers and agricultural experts in Pakistan, offering precise disease diagnostics and management recommendations. By integrating these cutting-edge techniques, the system advances agricultural technology, enhancing disease detection and supporting increased wheat production, thus contributing valuable innovations to both the field of machine learning and agricultural practices.
Paternal family history of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Win Shwe Sin , Klungsøyr Kari , Egeland Grace M. , Sulo Gerhard
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies have reported that pregnancies conceived by fathers with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are at higher risk of ending in losses compared to those without such risk factors. Our objective was to examine the association between paternal family history _a non-modifiable risk factor_ of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death.

Methods

This is a population-based cohort study. Information on fathers, aged 18–50 years who participated in three population-based health surveys conducted in Norway during 1974–2003 was linked to their singleton births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analyses with random intercepts by father’s identification number. The birth was the observation unit in all analyses.

Results

A total of 220,386 fathers who had 512,111 births with information on family history of CHD (12.3% with positive family history) and 203,257 births with information on family history of stroke (9.2% with positive family history) were analysed. There were 782 (1.3%) and 195 (1%) perinatal deaths in births to fathers with family history of CHD and stroke while 5,922 (1.3%) and 1,858 (1%) in those without family histories. We found no association between family history of CHD and stillbirth (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92; 1.12), neonatal death (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.86, 1.11) or perinatal death (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92, 1.08). Similarly, we found no associations between family history of stroke and stillbirth (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82, 1.21), neonatal death (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.84, 1.41) or perinatal death (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88, 1.20).

Limitations

Socioeconomic background of fathers was captured using imperfect proxy. Potential misclassification of family history and selection bias should be considered.

Conclusion

Results of this large, cohort study including half-a million births, do not indicate an association between paternal family history of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death.
Model to explain dental visit for children aged 0 to 5: Scoping review of birth cohorts
Authors: BERAT Pierre-Jean , DE ANDRADE Vincent , REGNAULT Nolwenn , TENENBAUM Annabelle , AZOGUI-LEVY Sylvie
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Health services accessibility is a multidimensional concept. An early-life dental visit could improve child dental health. Through birth cohorts, it is possible to identify health conditions and pathways of exposure that occur earlier in life. The aim of this study is to propose a theorical model to explain the use of dental care for children with primary teeth, based on results from birth cohorts.

Method

3 databases were queried: PubMed, Embase and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. Eligible articles presented data on children’s dental visits, with at least one follow-up visit between birth and the child’s 6th birthday and based on birth cohorts.

Results

We identified 649 articles in biomedical literature databases. After exclusions, we read 136 abstracts, and finally 36 articles in their full length. A total of 22 articles were included in the analysis, from 15 countries on 5 continents. The mains proximal factors for access to dental care for preschool children are related to caregivers’ perception of children’s oral health and its impacts on quality of life. These perceptions are influenced by the child’s oral health, the child’s and mother’s use of healthcare, and the healthcare organization. Dental fear seems to be another proximal factor. However, family social background seems to be an enabling moderator for dental visits.

Conclusion

The scoping review allowed us to develop a model that explains dental visits for children aged 0–5 years as a multifactorial process influenced by caregivers’ perceptions of the child’s oral health, the family’s quality of life, and the child’s dental anxiety.
Shared governance increases marine protected area effectiveness
Authors: Mast Andrea , Gill David , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Darling Emily S. , Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Geldman Jonas , Epstein Graham , MacNeil M. Aaron
Published: January 2025

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used to conserve and manage coastal resources. Protected areas are governed by a variety of institutional arrangements, yet little is known concerning the relative performance of different governance approaches. This research draws upon a unique dataset that combines details on the reported International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) governance categories of 217 global MPAs and their ecological outcomes to compare the performance of alternative governance arrangements. We find that MPAs with shared governance arrangements, where management authority is shared among multiple government and non-government actors, are 98% more likely to have higher fish biomass than MPAs governed by state agencies (i.e., primarily government) alone (mean effect size and 95% C.I = 0.32 ± 0.31). We also find higher biomass in older MPAs, those in countries with higher gross domestic product (GDP), and those with a higher proportion of no-take area. With targets to protect 30% of our oceans driving new commitments to expand MPA coverage globally, our results suggest that multi-stakeholder participation and collaboration facilitated by shared and decentralized governance arrangements can play an important role in achieving conservation outcomes.
The return of raptors to Scotland’s skies: Investigating the diets of reintroduced red kites and white-tailed eagles using stable isotopes
Authors: Waterman Juliette , Black Stuart , Sykes Naomi , Kitchener Andrew C. , Mills William F. , Fellowes Mark D. E.
Published: January 2025

Species reintroductions are increasingly seen as important methods of biodiversity restoration. Reintroductions of red kites Milvus milvus and white-tailed eagles Halieaeetus albicilla to Britain, which were extirpated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, represent major conservation successes. Here, we measured stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in feather keratin and bone collagen of museum specimens of red kites and white-tailed eagles, which were collected from across Scotland between the 1800s and 2010s. Our objectives were to investigate dietary differences between species and between the pre- and post- reintroduction periods. Among reintroduced birds, δ13C values were significantly less negative and δ15N values higher in feather keratin and bone collagen of white-tailed eagles compared to red kites, likely reflecting a greater reliance on marine resources by the former. Our stable isotope data showed a wide range, confirming the dietary diversity observed in conventional diet studies of both taxa, with white-tailed eagles, in particular, having wide dietary niches and a considerable degree of inter-individual variability. Isotopic data from pre-introduction red kites mostly fell within the range of post-reintroduction birds, suggesting they had similar diets to the pre-reintroduction birds, or the prey base for modern birds is isotopically indistinguishable from that of their historic counterparts. For white-tailed eagles, several pre-reintroduction birds were isotopically distinct from the post-reintroduction population. These differences may indicate a changing prey base, although these conclusions are complicated by shifting distributions and small population samples. Overall, our study demonstrates the utility of natural history collections in examining changes in diet, environment, and interactions with humans in reintroduced species compared with pre-extirpation indigenous populations.