bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integración regional y capacidades institucionales: un análisis exploratorio de su impacto en el desarrollo en Centroamérica y República Dominicana
Authors: Prestol Joaquín
Published: July 2024

Central American integration is a process that has brought benefits to its members in various areas. An expected product of this process is the strengthening of the institutional capacities of its participants and their consequent economic and institutional development. However, although the members of the Central American Integration System, especially Costa Rica, have shown progress in different areas of the concept of institutional capacities, the evidence points to divergences. Based on the operationalization of the concept of institutional capabilities -with some indicators of interest and secondary sources of information-, this paper argues that a possible process of clustering of institutional development and, therefore, of human development in the region has been avoided, differentiating between the countries of the Northern Triangle, those that do not belong to this zone and those that are outside the Isthmus. As a consequence, the importance of integration as a provider of anchors for institutional development and how the process in Central America can help member countries to improve their institutional capacities and their prospects for human development is discussed.
La evolución de la política urbana en Sevilla (España): alcances y límites para la promoción de la inclusión socioeconómica y territorial
Authors: Tadeu Terci Eliana
Published: July 2024

This article analyzes the evolution of urban policy in the city of Seville (Spain) in a context marked by the advance of neoliberalism, productive restructuring, deregulation of the market and of the city’s protagonism. The aim is to evaluate the scope and limits of urban policy to reverse the indicators of socioeconomic and territorial exclusion and to reduce inequality. It results from exploratory research using two bases: the interdisciplinary bibliography that focuses on the urban phenomenon under multiple approaches and the institutional sources that systematize socioeconomic, demographic and statistical data and that allow evaluating the recent evolution of Seville. The results show that the focus of urban policy on the construction and qualification of high-quality business spaces, characteristic of urban entrepreneurship, in the face of excessive deregulation of the labor market, low levels of income per capita and per household, accentuates the duality of the labor market and hinders the challenges of socio-territorial inclusion.
Las redes de trabajo en la acción pública. Tipología y caracterización a partir de quince programas públicos en Chile
Authors: Soto Roy Álvaro , Valenzuela-Bustos Alan
Published: July 2024

As a result of a series of modernization processes, the Chilean State has implemented a group of management and governance mechanisms, among which public-private partnerships or alliances stand out. Inspired by efficiency-oriented approaches from New Public Management and democratic principles of New Governance, neither their socio-technical configuration nor their effects on the transformation of the work activity in public action have been explored. Based on the qualitative study of fifteen public programs operating through networks established by public-private partnerships (PPNetworks) in Chile, a typology and characterization of these networks is proposed. The results reveal four types of PPNetworks that organize the work activity in public action: networks for investment in public goods, networks for the delivery of social services, associative networks of public interest, and networks to subsidize projects. Each of these networks is organized based on a fundamental principle that establishes coordination mechanisms through a set of governance and management instruments, from which private state actors and citizens are called to action and positioned within the network. It is discussed how these networks attribute forms of involvement to the actors involved, thereby questioning them and shaping subjective dispositions in public work.
Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Membangun Fondasi Kehidupan Yang Adil
Authors: Afifah Sofiah
Published: July 2024

Pondasi kehidupan yang adil memerlukan penegakan hukum yang setara dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia yang konsisten. Undang-undang seperti Undang-Undang Dasar (1945) dan Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia (1999) menjadi landasan hukum untuk melindungi hak-hak individu dan menjamin keadilan di berbagai bidang kehidupan. Membangun kehidupan yang adil memerlukan penegakan hukum yang setara dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia yang konsisten. Undang-undang seperti Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia Tahun 1999  memberi kan landasan hukum untuk melindungi hak-hak individu dan menjamin keadilan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan. menciptakan landasan bagi kehidupan yang berkeadilan memerlukan komitmen yang kuat terhadap penerapan hukum yang adil dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi kompleksitas perlindungan hak asasi manusia (HAM) dalam konteks konflik keamanan nasional dan kepentingan ekonomi. Fokus utamanya adalah pada tantangan yang muncul ketika kebijakan keamanan dan pembangunan ekonomi bertentangan dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia, khususnya di Indonesia. Dan menekankan perlunya pendekatan yang seimbang dan  holistik dalam menangani permasalahan kompleks ini guna menjamin perlindungan hak-hak individu dan pembangunan ekonomi  berkelanjutan dalam situasi konflik.
Hakim, Kewenangan, Dan Keadilan: Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Hakim
Authors: Jaya Yanto
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini berangkat dari kesalahan berpikir bahwa hakim dilekati wewenang untuk menerapkan hukum secara presisi sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Namun dalam konseptual filsafat hukum, hakim tidak seharusnya hanya sekedar menjadi corong undang-undang. Namun ketika terdapat atauran yang tidak jelas dan berpotensi menciderai nilai keadilan dalam masyarakat maka sudah seyogianya hakim menggali nilai keadilan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan basis teoritik doctrinal research dan pendekatan konseptual, untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan “Bagaimana hukum memberi kewenangan pada kekuasaan negara, khususnya kekuasaan kehakiman?” Pertama, penelitian ini mengulas terkait wewenang kekuasaan kehakiman di Indonesia. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan menganalisis konseptual kekuasaan dan wewenang, serta kerangka normatif wewenang hakim dan kekuasaan kehakiman di Indonesia. Pada bagian selanjutnya penulis meninjau nilai moralitas dan keadilan kekuasaan kehakiman dalam perspektif filsafat. Dengan menghasilkan jawaban bahwa sebuah hukum dan putusan tanpa moralitas tidak akan mampu merfleksikan nilai keadilan.
DEGRADASI MUTU PEMBELAJARAN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI SEBAGAI DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Mizani Hilmi , M. Ramli M. Ramli
Published: July 2024

Learning with direct interaction between teachers and students in the classroom has many advantages compared to indirect interaction via online media. However, with the prohibition on crowding and face-to-face meetings to avoid exposure to the Covid 19 virus, online learning has become an inevitable choice. With the limitations of online learning, it can result in degradation of the quality of learning. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the degradation of learning quality at State Madrasah Aliyah as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in South Kalimantan.
This research uses a mixed type of research, namely mixing qualitative research and quantitative research. The research design uses a Concurrent Triangulation Strategy. The subjects of this research were Islamic Religious Education teachers at State Madrasah Aliyah in South Kalimantan. A sample of 29 people were taken from all research subjects who were determined randomly. Meanwhile, the analysis technique used uses qualitative descriptive analysis and statistical analysis with the t test formula
This research found that the Covid 19 pandemic has resulted in a significant degradation of the quality of learning at State Madrasah Aliyah in South Kalimantan. Degradation/decrease in the quality of learning occurs in a decrease in the quality of the learning process and a decrease in learning achievement. All indicators of the quality of the learning process show a decline. Likewise, student learning outcomes decreased.
A LEITURA COMO TRANSIÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL PARA O ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Prado Eliana Astolfo de Souza Campos , Pinheiro Luciana Maria Caetano , Luzetti Tatiane Cristina , Flores Thais Casemiro
Published: July 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem de ensino no acolhimento e a literatura, focando na transição da educação infantil para as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Pretende-se com a iniciação literária nesta etapa, apresentar algumas ações em episódios que se sucedem uns aos outros, propondo uma abordagem na leitura e interpretação de textos literários conhecidos para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades. A proposta de ensino leva a aplicação do conhecimento nas mais diversas situações, é importante que a criança se familiarize com os textos, adaptando-se com os conteúdos. As práticas mais comuns, como ler para estudar, trabalhar, buscar informação, atualizar-se e orientar-se, partindo do princípio de que a leitura é um meio de comunicação necessário e só compreender e refletir não são suficientes. Portanto, a leitura na literatura é encarada como um jogo, no qual as linguagens vão se encaixando conforme o contexto onde o sujeito está inserido e se adapta confortavelmente no seu mundo. Serão abordadas, neste trabalho, atividades com foco no gênero narrativo fábula destacando os elementos da narrativa como o enredo, o conflito, o clímax e assim por diante, respeitando a individualidade das crianças e considerando o contexto que fazem parte.
Balancing Feedback for Optimal Learning: Evaluative and Descriptive Methods in English Language Classrooms
Authors: Kim Youn-hee ,   The Society of English Education in Korea
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of evaluative and descriptive feedback on student learning in English language classrooms. It distinguishes between the two feedback types—evaluative, which is further divided into rewarding and punishing, and descriptive, which focuses on specific performance aspects. The study is based on observations of classroom interactions and interviews with an English teacher who employs both feedback types to enhance student engagement and educational outcomes. Evaluative feedback in the study is shown to affect students' emotional responses and behavioral adjustments, with rewarding feedback boosting morale and motivation, while punishing feedback serves to correct behavior and ensure classroom discipline. Conversely, descriptive feedback, as used by the teacher, involves detailed explanations and discussions with students about their performances, encouraging deeper cognitive processing and active participation in the learning process. The findings suggest that a balanced approach, utilizing both evaluative and descriptive feedback, can significantly improve students’understanding and retention of the material. This paper argues for the strategic use of feedback to foster a more dynamic and effective learning environment, highlighting the nuances of feedback application in educational practices.
KEDUDUKAN HARTA DAN PERMASALAHANNYA
Authors: Irdaningsih Irdaningsih , Nasution Fahrurozi
Published: July 2024

Abstrack
The author interprets and explains the position of property and the function of property itself in Islam. The results of this discussion are: 1. The position of assets 2. The functions of assets in accordance with sharia' include: Perfection of mahdhah worship, Maintaining and increasing faith and devotion to Allah SWT, Continuing the relay of life, Harmonizing life in this world and the hereafter, Provisions for finding and develop knowledge, Harmony in state and society, To rotate the roles of life, To foster friendship.,3. Division of assets as a result of law, 4. Gift of property. Property ownership is based on the following principles: Trust, Infradhiyah, ijtima'iyah and benefits. Maintaining assets is the last in the five elements of benefit, but according to the author, assets are the main milestone in maintaining the five maqashid of sharia (shariah goals). By having sufficient wealth, all five benefits (religion, soul, intellect, offspring and wealth) will be fulfilled. This research uses qualitative research with a literature review approach.
Abstrak
Penulis  menginterprestasikan  dan  menjelaskan  tentang  kedudukan  harta  dan fungsi  harta  sendiri  dalam  Islam. Hasil dari pembahasan ini adalah: 1. Kedudukan harta 2.Fungsi harta yang sesuai dengan syara’ antara lain untuk: Kesempurnaan ibadah mahdhah, Memelihara dan meningkatkan keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Allah SWT, Meneruskan estafet kehidupan, Menyelaraskan antara kehidupan dunia dan akhirat, Bekal mencari dan mengembangkan ilmu, Keharmonisan hidup bernegara dan bermasyarakat, Untuk memutarkan peranan-peranan kehidupan, Untuk menumbuhkan silaturrahim.,3. Pembagian harta akibat hukum,4. Pemberian harta. Kepemilikan harta di dasarkan pada asas sebagai berikut: Amanah, Infradhiyah, ijtima’iyah dan manfaat. Memelihara harta merupakan urutan terakhir dalam lima unsur kemaslahatan, namun menurut penulis harta merupakan tonggak utama dalam memelihara kelima maqashid syariah (tujuan syariah). Dengan memiliki harta yang cukup akan terpenuhi semua lima maslahat (agama, jiwa,akal, keturunan dan harta). Penelitan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur review.
rede de atendimento e o direito à educação escolar de crianças venezuelanas em Manaus
Authors: Fernandes Maria Nilvane , Fernandes Pinheiro Diego
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o direito à educação das crianças em situação de mobilidade social. Os resultados obtidos são de natureza normativa e descritiva, e consideram que a garantia dos direitos sociais às pessoas em situação de mobilidade vem sendo historicamente formalizado como política pública. Apesar disso, os dados apontam que em Manaus, parte significativa das instituições que estão estruturadas para ajudar os venezuelanos são instituições religiosas. Em relação aos dados educacionais, no ano de 2021, 32% dos imigrantes eram pessoas com idade até 17 anos. Em relação à dificuldade de matrícula, o problema está relacionado ao desconhecimento do sistema educacional brasileiro. Apesar disso, 37.000 venezuelanos estavam matriculados em escolas brasileiras no ano de 2021, dentre esses, 5.726 crianças eram matriculadas na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental de Manaus.
Reconhecimento de saberes profissionais de pessoas refugiadas no Brasil, por meio da revalidação de diplomas e certificados
Authors: Da Silva Fábio Soares , Kuenzer Acacia Zeneida
Published: July 2024

Este artigo discute como tem se dado, na realidade brasileira, o processo de reconhecimento dos saberes profissionais de pessoas refugiadas. O foco da análise é a revalidação dos diplomas e certificados de Educação Profissional e Educação Básica, obtidos por trabalhadores refugiados em seus países de origem. Inicialmente busca-se situar teoricamente a temática, discutindo a partir das contribuições de Weber, como a burocracia, enquanto forma de poder, dificulta o reconhecimento de saberes. Em seguida, promove-se uma breve incursão na legislação, para apresentar as bases legais das políticas que buscam garantir, por meio da revalidação e da certificação de saberes, os direitos à educação e ao trabalho. Problematiza-se a categoria reconhecimento, como meio que favorece a integração social do refugiado, passando pela dimensão ontológica de sua constituição, enquanto sujeito profissional/trabalhador. Os resultados apontam que na literatura os estudos estão focados na revalidação de diplomas de cursos superiores e no reconhecimento de títulos de pós-graduação stricto sensu e destacam as dificuldades do processo. Já no que tange à legislação, os estados brasileiros possuem normativas próprias para revalidação de diplomas e certificados de Educação Profissional e Educação Básica.
Narrativas de Crianças Pré-Escolares em Contexto de Guerra
Authors: Montiel Suzi
Published: July 2024

Este artigo objetiva refletir criticamente sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças-pré-escolares em contextos de guerra. Tendo em vista que a metodologia da pesquisa está ancorada na abordagem da Pesquisa Narrativa, desenvolvida por Clandini e Connely (2011), foi realizada entrevistas com 3 jovens timorenses que quando crianças vivenciaram a guerra. A partir das narrativas de suas experiências atreladas aos referenciais teóricos escolhidos somos levados a refletir como essas crianças num período de guerra podem ser afetadas em seu desenvolvimento educacional. Dentre outros aspectos este artigo pretende fomentar futuras discussões, estimulando pesquisadores a estarem contribuindo neste campo do conhecimento.
A produção científica sobre o ecumenismo e o diálogo inter-religioso no Brasil: 10 anos da revista Caminhos de Diálogo (2013-2023)
Authors: Kossar Furtado Kevin
Published: July 2024

Este estudo analisa a produção científica dos 10 primeiros anos da Caminhos de Diálogo – Revista Brasileira de Diálogo Ecumênico e Inter-religioso, publicação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR). Através de pesquisa documental, destaca quem são os autores, suas instituições e regiões representadas, suas áreas de formação e titulação. Objetiva-se mapear os centros institucionais incentivadores da produção científica sobre ecumenismo e diálogo inter-religioso no Brasil, assim como a rede de autores que promove efetivamente o debate desses subcampos da Teologia. A metodologia envolveu a análise dos 156 artigos publicados nos 10 primeiros anos do periódico. Os resultados apontam para a predominância de autores da região Sul, especialmente ligados à PUCPR. A diversidade de áreas de formação dos autores, que incluem Teologia, Ciências da Religião, Ciências Sociais, Bioética, Educação, Psicologia, entre outras, enriquece as discussões apresentadas na revista. A presença de autores em processo de formação demonstra o compromisso do periódico em desenvolver o debate acadêmico das teologias ecumênica e inter-religiosa. O estudo apresenta um panorama atualizado da última década da produção científica sobre ecumenismo e diálogo inter-religioso no Brasil.
Teologia e economia
Authors: Aquino Júnior Francisco de
Published: July 2024

O artigo aborda, a partir do magistério social da Igreja e da reflexão teológica na América Latina, retomados e aprofundados pelo papa Francisco, a complexa problemática da relação entre Teologia e Economia. Começa tratando do interesse da Igreja pelas questões sociais em geral e, concretamente, pela questão econômica e explicitando a forma específica de sua abordagem e intervenção em matéria socioeconômica. E esboça, em seguida, um roteiro de reflexão teológica crítico-criativa da Economia que considere criticamente o atual dinamismo e organização da Economia (diagnóstico) e aponte perspectivas ético-espirituais para sua reestruturação, segundo os desígnios de Deus para a humanidade e o conjunto da criação (desafios e tarefas). Trata-se de uma abordagem analítico-sistemática do tema que, partindo da leitura e análise de alguns documentos do magistério social da Igreja e da reflexão de alguns teólogos latino-americanos, propõe, sobretudo a partir do papa Francisco, uma reflexão que explicite a natureza da relação teologia e economia e indique um roteiro teórico-práxico de seu desenvolvimento.
Executive Functions’ Alterations In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: De Fátima de Paiva Abreu Daniele , Leandro de Almeida Natália , Antonio dos Santos Natanael
Published: July 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by persistent obsessive and compulsive symptoms. Dysfunctions in two inhibitory systems related to cognitive and behavioral processes are believed to be associated with the pathophysiology of OCD. These dysfunctions can affect not only the cognitive and behavioral symptoms, but also the neuropsychological deficits observed in this disorder, such as attention, memory, planning, and decision-making. This study presents a systematic literature review aiming to investigate alterations in executive functions in individuals with OCD. The search was conducted in the Scopus and Scielo databases, resulting in a final sample of 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated deficiencies in executive functions and non-verbal memory in patients with OCD when compared to healthy control groups. However, there were inconsistencies in the results across studies, possibly due to the variety of tests used and the complexity of the disorder. Therefore, it is important to consider factors such as cultural differences, medication use, and socioeconomic factors when interpreting the results, as these aspects can influence the study outcomes. Additionally, there are still gaps in understanding the alterations in executive functions in patients with OCD, requiring further research for a better comprehension of this relationship.
Measurement Properties of Backward Walking and Its Sensitivity and Feasibility in Predicting Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Monaghan Patrick G. , Takla Taylor N. , Chargo Alexis N. , Edwards Erin M. , Yu Biaohua , Myers Emily , Daugherty Ana M. , Fritz Nora E.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience mobility impairments that elevate fall risk, increasing the need to identify clinical measures that accurately predict falls. Backward walking (BW) better differentiates fallers from nonfallers in MS. However, no studies have reported the measurement properties of the backward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (B-T25-FW) and BW metrics, like BW velocity. Additionally, it is unknown whether BW can predict future falls in MS or its link to activity levels. This study assessed the reliability and responsiveness of B-T25-FW and BW metrics, including BW velocity. It also examined whether BW could predict falls at 3 and 6 months and its association with activity levels.

METHODS:

During 2 separate visits, 23 people with MS completed the forward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (F-T25-FW) and B-T25-FW, as well as forward walking and BW assessments in which spatiotemporal measures were recorded. Test-retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients, and minimum detectable changes were calculated. Correlation analyses explored the relationship between BW velocity, B-T25-FW, prospective falls, and activity levels.

RESULTS:

B-T25-FW and BW velocity exhibited excellent test-retest reliability. Large effect sizes to interpret clinically meaningful change in the B-T25-FW and BW velocity were also found. Both metrics demonstrated modest negative correlations with falls at 3 and 6 months and correlated strongly with very active minutes at 3- and 6-months post study.

CONCLUSIONS:

The B-T25-FW and BW velocity are effective and reliable in clinical use for evaluating functional mobility in people with MS, are sensitive enough to detect subtle changes, and may be a meaningful marker for tracking disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Hippocampus and striatum show distinct contributions to longitudinal changes in value-based learning in middle childhood
Authors: Falck Johannes , Zhang Lei , Raffington Laurel , Mohn Johannes Julius , Triesch Jochen , Heim Christine , Shing Yee Lee
Published: July 2024

The hippocampal-dependent memory system and striatal-dependent memory system modulate reinforcement learning depending on feedback timing in adults, but their contributions during development remain unclear. In a 2-year longitudinal study, 6-to-7-year-old children performed a reinforcement learning task in which they received feedback immediately or with a short delay following their response. Children’s learning was found to be sensitive to feedback timing modulations in their reaction time and inverse temperature parameter, which quantifies value-guided decision-making. They showed longitudinal improvements towards more optimal value-based learning, and their hippocampal volume showed protracted maturation. Better delayed model-derived learning covaried with larger hippocampal volume longitudinally, in line with the adult literature. In contrast, a larger striatal volume in children was associated with both better immediate and delayed model-derived learning longitudinally. These findings show, for the first time, an early hippocampal contribution to the dynamic development of reinforcement learning in middle childhood, with neurally less differentiated and more cooperative memory systems than in adults.
Structural insights into human propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC)
Authors: Zhou Fayang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Yuyao , Zhou Qiang , Shi Yigong , Hu Qi
Published: July 2024

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) are biotin-dependent carboxylases (BDCs) that catalyze the metabolism of odd-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and specific amino acids. For human PCC and MCC, only a low-resolution (15 Å) three-dimensional structure of human PCC has been reported. Here, we report high-resolution (2.29–3.28 Å) cryo-EM structures of human PCC and MCC holoenzymes in their apo and acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA-bound states. Propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA bind to PCC with almost identical binding modes, indicating that the acyl-CoA specificity of PCC is largely attributed to minor differences in interactions mediated by the acyl groups. In MCC, biotin is relocated from an exo-site to an endo-site upon acetyl-CoA binding, suggesting coordination between biotin binding and acyl-CoA binding. Our work provides insights into the substrate specificity and catalytic process of BDCs.
HaMADS3, HaMADS7, and HaMADS8 are involved in petal prolongation and floret symmetry establishment in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Wang Qian , Su Zhou , Chen Jing , Chen Weiying , He Zhuoyuan , Wei Shuhong , Yang Jun , Zou Jian
Published: July 2024

The development of floral organs, crucial for the establishment of floral symmetry and morphology in higher plants, is regulated by MADS-box genes. In sunflower, the capitulum is comprised of ray and disc florets with various floral organs. In the sunflower long petal mutant (lpm), the abnormal disc (ray-like) floret possesses prolongated petals and degenerated stamens, resulting in a transformation from zygomorphic to actinomorphic symmetry. In this study, we investigated the effect of MADS-box genes on floral organs, particularly on petals, using WT and lpm plants as materials. Based on our RNA-seq data, 29 MADS-box candidate genes were identified, and their roles on floral organ development, especially in petals, were explored, by analyzing the expression levels in various tissues in WT and lpm plants through RNA-sequencing and qPCR. The results suggested that HaMADS3, HaMADS7, and HaMADS8 could regulate petal development in sunflower. High levels of HaMADS3 that relieved the inhibition of cell proliferation, together with low levels of HaMADS7 and HaMADS8, promoted petal prolongation and maintained the morphology of ray florets. In contrast, low levels of HaMADS3 and high levels of HaMADS7 and HaMADS8 repressed petal extension and maintained the morphology of disc florets. Their coordination may contribute to the differentiation of disc and ray florets in sunflower and maintain the balance between attracting pollinators and producing offspring. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis between petal length and expression levels of MADS-box genes further indicated their involvement in petal prolongation. Additionally, the analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that these three MADS-box genes may regulate petal development and floral symmetry establishment by regulating the expression activity of HaCYC2c. Our findings can provide some new understanding of the molecular regulatory network of petal development and floral morphology formation, as well as the differentiation of disc and ray florets in sunflower.
Investigating the lignocellulolytic gut microbiome of huhu grubs (Prionoplus reticularis) using defined diets and dietary switch
Authors: Viswam Jay , Baptista Mafalda , Lee Charles K. , Morgan Hugh , McDonald Ian R.
Published: July 2024

The huhu beetle (Prionoplus reticularis) is the largest endemic beetle found throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, and is characterised by feeding on wood during its larval stage. It has been hypothesised that its gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in the degradation of wood. To explore this idea we examined the fungal and bacterial community composition of huhu grubs’ frass, using amplicon sequencing. Grubs were reared on an exclusive diet of either a predominantly cellulose source (cotton) or lignocellulose source (pine) for 4 months; subsequently a diet switch was performed and the grubs were grown for another 4 months. The fungal community of cellulose-reared huhu grubs was abundant in potential cellulose degraders, contrasting with the community of lignocellulose-reared grubs, which showed abundant potential soft rot fungi, yeasts, and hemicellulose and cellulose degraders. Cellulose-reared grubs showed a less diverse fungal community, however, diet switch from cellulose to lignocellulose resulted in a change in community composition that showed grubs were still capable of utilising this substrate. Conversely, diet seemed to have a limited influence on huhu grub gut bacterial communities.
Gender Equality Barriers among Maritime Students: Basis for Gender and Development Program
Authors: Sotes Alexander , Agad Orzon , Undap Rodulfo , Achicoso Jumarey , Guiral Jasper John , Ignacio Miles Humphrey , Gerald Renz , Malaki Peter , Torralba Abran Kent
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the gender equality barriers among maritime students in the Philippines, focusing on the influence of ethnicity and age on perceptions of these barriers. Utilizing a descriptive correlational method, the research involved 554 student respondents from the Merchant Marine Academy of Caraga, Inc. (MMACI). The study employed a questionnaire adapted from Fidan et al. (2020) to assess perceptions of structural and social barriers. The findings reveal significant gender disparities in the maritime education sector, with males dominating both BS Marine Engineering (BSMarE) and BS Marine Transportation (BSMT) programs. The study also highlights the interconnected nature of structural and social barriers, emphasizing the need for comprehensive interventions to promote inclusivity and equity. Additionally, the research identifies variations in perceptions of gender equality barriers based on ethnicity, particularly among BSMarE students. The study concludes by proposing an action plan to promote gender and development programs in the College of Maritime Education, emphasizing awareness, policy revisions, training, mentorship, and industry collaboration.
La diatopía en el español de la vid y el vino
Authors: Ibáñez Rodríguez Miguel
Published: July 2024

En este artículo nos ocupamos de la diatopía en el español de la vid y el vino. Evaluamos el grado de penetración de la variación diatópica en esta lengua de especialidad a diferentes niveles: internacional, nacional, regional, comarcal y local. También analizamos la presencia de la variación diatópica en los orígenes y evolución del español vitivinícola. La investigación documental nos ha permitido establecer el estado de la cuestión y mediante el trabajo de campo y documental hemos obtenido resultados que hemos analizado sirviéndonos de la metodología cualitativa. Recogemos un buen número de voces especializadas de diferentes puntos geográficos del ámbito hispano. Nuestra principal conclusión es que la variación diatópica es intrínseca al español de la vid y el vino. Además, hemos podido verificar la variación diacrónica y funcional en esta lengua de especialidad.
La invisibilidad de las mujeres sin hogar: investigación con perspectiva de género
Authors: Alcántara Carrillo Andrea , Arredondo Quijada Rafael
Published: July 2024

El sinhogarismo femenino es una realidad poco abordada en las investigaciones que se han realizado ante esta situación de exclusión social. Las mujeres tienen vivencias específicas marcadas por su género, tales como situaciones de violencia de género, discriminación por sexo, acoso callejero, etc., que requieren de perspectiva de género a la hora de su intervención. Por tanto, se plantea realizar una investigación, de corte cualitativo, con el objetivo de analizar las situaciones de las mujeres sin hogar en la ciudad de Málaga (España), para comprender sus necesidades y desafíos específicos. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a 15 mujeres, donde se incorporan desde las causas de la falta de vivienda, a variables como la violencia de género y la discriminación por sexo, las barreras que encuentran para acceder a un empleo y/o vivienda y las redes de apoyo con las que cuentan las mismas. Entre los resultados obtenidos se constata que la mayoría de las mujeres han sufrido violencia de género, que han tenido empleos con índices de precariedad y feminizados, dedicados a los cuidados, y que normalmente cuentan con vínculos de apoyo psicológico, entre otros. Estos datos confirman la necesidad de seguir ahondando en investigaciones dirigidas a mujeres, y de realizar intervenciones centradas en el colectivo con perspectiva de género.
A Study on the Correlation between R&D Investment and Financial Performance: A Case of the Chinese Automobile Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Guo Shuyu , Cai Xuqing
Published: July 2024

Under the background of economic globalization, China's manufacturing industry has always been one of the pillar industries of the national economy. The automobile manufacturing industry occupies a dominant position in the manufacturing industry. With the economic growth and improvement, the living standard of the population, people's demand for automobiles has gradually increased. Coupled with the current economic and social comprehensive green transformation and upgrading, for the automobile manufacturing industry, increasing R&D investment will help enterprises occupy the market and improve their financial performance. Therefore, this paper selects 64 Chinese A-share listed automobile manufacturers, with 320 samples. It uses Stata software to analyze the data of the relationship between R&D investment and various indicators. The empirical results show a negative correlation between R&D investment and the current financial performance of the automobile manufacturing industry. There is a lagging effect of R&D investment on the current financial performance of automobile manufacturing industry due to the existence of certain time problems with R&D projects. The negative impact of lag of period and a lag of two periods have a weakening trend. By studying and analyzing the data, it is hoped that suggestions related to R&D investment can be provided to the automobile manufacturing industry to promote the sustainable development of the enterprise.
The Effect of Performance Appraisal Strategies on Employee Performance in IEBC Nyanza Central and South Region, Kenya
Authors: Misonge Isaiah Nyaega , Obuba Robert
Published: July 2024

Performance appraisal at the Independent Electoral and Boundaries commission’s staff remains a challenge. Due to poor administration and supervision of the performance contracts, employees have developed negative perception and reduced morale to embrace performance contracts. This affects negatively on work performance. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of performance appraisal on the performance of Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission staff in Nyanza Central and South Region, Kenya. The study adopted McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. The study was modeled on a case study design. The population of study consisted of the 100 employees working under the arrangement of performance appraisal in the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission in Nyanza Central and South Regions. Instruments of data collection were questionnaires and interview schedule. Descriptive analysis was done to study distributions of variables in terms of means and standard deviation, while correlation analysis was used to show the direction and strength of the independent variables. Data which was collected was analyzed both descriptively and in correlation analysis. Data was presented using percentages, graphs and charts. The study anticipated that its findings would help build in the body of knowledge. The study found that performance appraisals impact employee performance in the IEBC Nyanza Central and South Region, Kenya. The study recommends that the IEBC in Kenya, in partnership with the IRA, should revise their performance appraisal policy to better support employees. The IEBC should incorporate effective reward management into their personal rewards. Furthermore, the IEBC in Kenya should enhance their training programs to include academic support and develop a comprehensive career development policy.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles with Carica papaya Leaf Extract and their Catalytic Activities
Authors: Sridhar V. , Prashanthi Y. , Rao Tentu Nageswara , Naidu Tentu Manohra
Published: July 2024

The Physico-chemical and optical characteristics of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) have attracted interest in their creation over the past few years. In the current study, microwave irradiation was used to induce the production of CoONPs from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was prepared by pulverizing and drying the plant's leaves. The extract was then heated to create an aqueous extract, which was purified and saved for analysis. Cobalt nitrate was added to the extract, and a dark brown color was obtained. CoO NPs were used as a catalyst in the reduction of MB and CR, with a mixture of MB solution and NaBH4 in DD water. The catalytic reduction of 4-NP was also tested using CoO NPs. The experimental procedures for characterizing Carica papaya leaf extract CoO NPs include UV-Vis spectra, TEM, and FTIR for analyzing nanomaterial morphology, size, and chemical composition. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy provides information about the crystalline structure, which is crucial for understanding nanomaterial behavior and potential applications in fields like medicine, electronics, and materials science. These methods are critical for understanding nanomaterial behavior and potential applications in various fields.
Factors Associated With Attrition in a Longitudinal Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Iannaccone Christine K. , Fossel Anne , Tsao Hsun , Cui Jing , Weinblatt Michael , Shadick Nancy
Published: January 2013

Objective

Loss of participants in longitudinal data collection can affect the validity of outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries. Prior research indicates that demographics and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors contribute to attrition. This study analyzed the characteristics of an RA registry that may contribute to attrition in a hospital‐based population.

Methods

Subjects consisted of RA patients enrolled in the Brigham and Women's Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study. Demographics and clinical and psychological factors were evaluated in univariate analyses to determine differences between participants who dropped out and those who completed 5 years of followup. Univariate factors with aPvalue <0.1 were used in a survival analysis to determine significant factors associated with attrition. A secondary analysis looked at patients who dropped out during the first year.

Results

A total of 1,144 RA participants were enrolled (509 completed 5 years of followup, 227 were still actively enrolled, and 408 dropped out). The attrition rate was 4.31% per 6‐month cycle. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity (3‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level), less education, RA drug therapy, and lower arthritis self‐efficacy were statistically significant in multivariate survival analyses. In a secondary analysis, sex and age were the only additional factors found that contributed to attrition.

Conclusion

The attrition rate for this registry was similar to rates reported by other registries. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity, and several other socioeconomic factors were associated. Men and younger patients tended to drop out during the first year. Population differences in each registry may result in different attrition patterns and ultimately, each longitudinal registry should consider conducting its own analyses.
Evidence of a Systemic Predisposition to Chondrocalcinosis and Association Between Chondrocalcinosis and Osteoarthritis at Distant Joints: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Abhishek A. , Doherty S. , Maciewicz R. , Muir K. , Zhang W. , Doherty M.
Published: January 2013

Objective

To determine whether there is a systemic predisposition to chondrocalcinosis (CC) and to examine the association between CC and osteoarthritis (OA) at distant joints.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study embedded in the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) database (n = 3,170). All GOAL participants have had radiographs of the knees, hands, and pelvis performed. These were scored for OA at the knee, hip, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and for CC at the knee, hip, wrist, and symphysis pubis joints and for MCP joint calcification. Systemic predisposition to CC was established using cluster analysis. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were used to examine the association between CC at the index and distant joints, CC and OA at the same joint, and index joint OA and distant joint CC. We adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, and for distant joint OA, if required.

Results

Joints with CC clustered together. This was also observed when participants with OA were excluded from the analysis. CC at each joint was associated with CC at distant joints. Knee and wrist OA but not hip OA was associated with CC at the same joint. MCP joint OA was associated with MCP joint calcification. Knee OA was associated with CC at other joints, and this was independent of OA at the distant joint. There was no association between hip OA and distant joint CC.

Conclusion

There is a systemic predisposition to the apparently sporadic CC. OA is associated with CC at the same joint and at distant joints, except hip OA, which is not associated with hip CC or with CC at distant joints.
Does Smoking Reduce the Progression of Osteoarthritis? Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Pearce Fiona , Hui Michelle , Ding Changhai , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya
Published: January 2013

Objective

To determine whether smoking reduces the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Observational studies examining smoking and progression of OA were systematically searched through Medline (1948–), EMBase (1980–), Web of Science, PubMed, and Google and relevant references. The search was last updated in May 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were directly retrieved or calculated. Current standards for reporting meta‐analyses of observational studies (Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) were followed. Quality‐related aspects such as study design, setting, sample selection, definition of progression, and confounding bias were recorded. Stratified and meta‐regression analyses were undertaken to examine the covariates.

Results

Sixteen studies (976,564 participants) were identified from the literature. Overall, there was no significant association between smoking and progression of OA (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.83, 1.02). There was moderate heterogeneity of results (I2 = 57.3%, P = 0.0024). Subgroup analyses showed some associations of marginal significance; however, meta‐regression did not confirm any significant results.

Conclusion

There is no compelling evidence that smoking has a protective effect on the progression of OA. The results concur with a previous meta‐analysis published by this group that showed no association between smoking and incidence of OA. Taken together, smoking does not appear to reduce either the incidence or progression of OA.
Molecular Intercalation and Cohesion of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Bruner Christopher , Cates Nichole , McGehee Michael D. , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: January 2013

The phase separated bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer in BHJ polymer:fullerene organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) are mechanically weak with low values of cohesion. Improved cohesion is important for OPV device thermomechanical reliability. BHJ devices are investigated and how fullerene intercalation within the active layer affects cohesive properties in the BHJ is shown. The intercalation of fullerenes between the side chains of the polymers poly(3,3″′‐didocecyl quaterthiophene) (PQT‐12) and poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pBTTT) is shown to enhance BHJ layer cohesion. Cohesion values range from ≈1 to 5 J m−2, depending on the polymer:fullerene blend, processing conditions, and composition. Devices with non‐intercalated BHJ layers are found to have significantly reduced values of cohesion. The resulting device power conversion efficiencies (PCE) are also investigated and correlated with the device cohesion.
Bench‐Top Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured High‐Surface‐Area Electrodes
Authors: Gabardo Christine M. , Zhu Yujie , Soleymani Leyla , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M.
Published: January 2013

Fabrication of hierarchical materials, with highly optimized features from the millimeter to the nanometer scale, is crucial for applications in diverse areas including biosensing, energy storage, photovoltaics, and tissue engineering. In the past, complex material architectures have been achieved using a combination of top‐down and bottom‐up fabrication approaches. A remaining challenge, however, is the rapid, inexpensive, and simple fabrication of such materials systems using bench‐top prototyping methods. To address this challenge, the properties of hierarchically structured electrodes are developed and investigated by combining three bench‐top techniques: top‐down electrode patterning using vinyl masks created by a computer‐aided design (CAD)‐driven cutter, thin film micro/nanostructuring using a shrinkable polymer substrate, and tunable electrodeposition of conductive materials. By combining these methods, controllable electrode arrays are created with features in three distinct length scales: 40 μm to 1 mm, 50 nm to 10 μm, and 20 nm to 2 μm. The electrical and electrochemical properties of these electrodes are analyzed and it is demonstrated that they are excellent candidates for next generation low‐cost electrochemical and electronic devices.