bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problemy dzieci wymagających szczególnej opieki w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie działalności ks. Henryka Szumana, ks. Wacława Blizińskiego i m. Elżbiety Róży Czackiej
Authors: Skotnicka-Palka Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

W dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym sytuacja dzieci była wypadkową wielu czynników, m.in. warunków ekonomicznych, społecznych i kulturalnych, w jakich żyły. Dzieci zmagające się z rozmaitymi problemami potrzebowały wsparcia ze strony różnego rodzaju instytucji opiekuńczych, zarówno świeckich, jak i kościelnych. W artykule zaprezentowano sytuację nieletnich w niepodległej Polsce, problemy, które ich dotykały, a także formy pomocy dzieciom wymagającym szczególnej opieki podejmowane przez ks. Henryka Szumana, ks. Wacława Blizińskiego oraz m. Elżbietę Różę Czacką. Wymienieni społecznicy troszczyli się o dzieci osierocone, zmagające się z niepełnosprawnością oraz zagrożone alkoholizmem. Starali się zaradzić ich problemom, tworząc instytucje pomocowe. Pieniądze na prowadzenie swojej działalności pozyskiwali od darczyńców. Korzystali także ze środków publicznych.
Polityka antykryzysowa administracji Herberta Hoovera w latach 1929–1932
Authors: Kowalski Kamil
Published: January 2024

Bezprecedensowy poziom stopy bezrobocia, sięgający niemal 24% w 1932 r., uprawniał 31. prezydenta USA Herberta Hoovera do powzięcia nadzwyczajnych środków z instrumentarium polityki gospodarczej. W artykule przedstawiono katalog działań podjętych przez administrację republikańską w latach 1929–1932, mających – w zamierzeniu – przywrócić gospodarkę na ścieżkę wzrostu gospodarczego. Na podstawie wspomnień prezydenta oraz wystąpień publicznych scharakteryzowano jego poglądy nt. ekonomii i filozofii ekonomii. Pokazano, jak bardzo wpływały one na działania antykryzysowe podjęte w pierwszej fazie kryzysu. Centralna część tekstu koncentruje się na analizie konkretnych decyzji politycznych: polityce utrzymania dotychczasowego poziomu płac, konsensusie pomiędzy pracodawcami i pracownikami oraz programie robót publicznych. Pokazano ewolucję poglądów Hoovera: od podejścia odrzucającego potrzebę ingerencji w mechanizm rynkowy do coraz większej regulacji gospodarki (przyjęcie Emergency Construction Appropriation Act oraz powołanie Reconstruction Finance Corporation). Wywodowi towarzyszy prezentacja kluczowych danych makroekonomicznych, co pozwala ocenić skuteczność (lub jej brak) polityk antykryzysowych Hoovera. Artykuł uwzględnia ich recepcję przez społeczeństwo amerykańskie. W tym celu scharakteryzowano protest górników w Harlan, budowę baraków i osiedli bezrobotnych (hooversvilles) oraz marsz weteranów z 1932 r. Wydarzenia te oraz personifikacja zapaści gospodarczej i słaba polityka komunikacyjna administracji Hoovera skutkowały katastrofalnym wynikiem w listopadowych wyborach. On sam zaś przeszedł do historii jako prezydent „kryzysowy”, „pasywny” i „nieudolny”. Narrację tę wspierali w szczególności zwolennicy Partii Demokratycznej, dyskontującej korzyści polityczne z przeciwstawiania Hoovera Rooseveltowi. I to pomimo tego, że Roosevelt kontynuował liczne programy zapoczątkowane przez Republikanów, a o wyjściu USA z kryzysu można mówić dopiero po wybuchu II wojny światowej.
Pierwszy kryzys gospodarki centralnie kierowanej w Polsce (1953–1956)
Authors: Kaliński Janusz
Published: January 2024

W gospodarce centralnie kierowanej, wbrew założeniom doktrynalnym i mimo szeroko rozbudowanego systemu planowania, powszechne były silne wahania wzrostu gospodarczego oraz charakterystyczna dla każdego kryzysu gospodarczego głęboka nierównowaga makroekonomiczna. Konsekwencjami tego były jaskrawo niskie zaspokojenie potrzeb konsumpcyjnych ludności, zaniedbania w zakresie infrastruktury gospodarczej i społecznej oraz rosnący dystans w stosunku do krajów rozwiniętych o gospodarce rynkowej. W Polsce zjawiska te z całą siłą ujawniły się w latach 1953–1956 jako skutek podjęcia forsownej industrializacji powiązanej z rozbudową przemysłu zbrojeniowego i socjalizacją rolnictwa. Mimo wzrostu produkcji przemysłowej, głównie dóbr inwestycyjnych, nastąpiło załamanie równowagi rynkowej i gwałtowne pogorszenie sytuacji bytowej ludności. Niezbędne okazało się wprowadzenie reglamentacji konsumpcji i podniesienie administracyjnie kształtowanych cen żywności. Kryzys połowy lat 50. zapoczątkował trwający przez cały okres Polski Ludowej specyficzny cykl społeczno-ekonomiczny, który cechowały powtarzające się gwałtowane wystąpienia społeczne. Ich kumulacja w latach 80. doprowadziła do upadku narzuconego Polsce ustroju i patologicznej gospodarki.
Analiza ekonomiczno-historyczna jako narzędzie wyjaśniania procesu rozwoju gospodarczego. Perspektywa austriackiej szkoły ekonomii
Authors: Ciborowski Robert , Zalesko Marian
Published: January 2024

Jednym ze szczególnie ważnych zagadnień poddawanych analizie w ekonomii jest teoria rozwoju gospodarczego. Wywodzi się ona z osiemnasto- i dziewiętnastowiecznych doktryn ekonomicznych głęboko zakorzenionych w myśli filozoficznej. Problematyka rozwoju wzbudza zainteresowanie nie tylko ekonomistów, ale także przedstawicieli innych nauk społecznych. Z perspektywy ekonomisty, wydaje się, że jednym z bardziej użytecznych narzędzi do analizy problematyki rozwoju gospodarczego mogą być osiągnięcia austriackiej szkoły ekonomii. W ramach badań procesu rozwoju przedstawiciele tej szkoły ograniczają matematyczne modelowanie zjawisk zachodzących w gospodarce, natomiast często odwołują się do historii. Uważają, że w centrum zainteresowania ekonomii powinno być ludzkie działanie (prowadzone w warunkach niepewności), które w niepodważalny sposób wpływa na rozwój.
Nadzór korporacyjny jako czynnik modernizacji przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie spółek Skarbu Państwa (w perspektywie transformacji systemowej)
Authors: Kargol-Wasiluk Aneta , Zalesko Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie mechanizmów systemu nadzoru korporacyjnego w spółkach Skarbu Państwa w Polsce oraz ich znaczenia w procesach modernizacji przedmiotowej grupy przedsiębiorstw. Nadzór (ład korporacyjny) obejmuje szereg systemów, procesów oraz procedur, które w szczególności kształtują oraz regulują relacje między kadrą zarządzającą a udziałowcami (akcjonariuszami), a także w sensie ogólnym między przedsiębiorstwem (spółką) a interesariuszami. Mimo rosnącego zainteresowania badaniami nad nadzorem korporacyjnym wciąż jest to obszar wymagający pogłębionych analiz zarówno w obszarze ekonomii, jak i zarządzania.W XXI w. nadzór korporacyjny jest w badanej grupie przedsiębiorstw szczególnie istotny m.in. z uwagi na (niedokończony) proces transformacji systemowej, nieodzowność przeprowadzenia procesów restrukturyzacyjnych itp., które wpływają na możliwości rozwoju gospodarki. Skuteczny ład korporacyjny może również poprawić wyniki finansowe spółek, jednak zbadanie takiej zależności wymaga pogłębionych analiz.Opracowanie ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Do badań autorki wykorzystały metodę opisową z elementami analizy danych statystycznych oraz analizy prawnej.
Sytuacja w Afganistanie w latach 2021–2023 po wycofaniu międzynarodowej koalicji antyterrorystycznej
Authors: Machniak Arkadiusz
Published: January 2024

Po wycofaniu się międzynarodowej koalicji antyterrorystycznej w 2021 r. z Afganistanu sytuacja w tym kraju budzi poważny niepokój. Afgańczycy sceptycznie oceniają możliwość zaprowadzenia przez talibów porządku w wymiarze wewnętrznym oraz nawiązania pozytywnych stosunków ze społecznością międzynarodową. Zamrożenie przez USA aktywów Afganistanu i zawieszenie pomocy międzynarodowej skutkowało stopniowym pogarszaniem się sytuacji gospodarczej tego państwa. Początkowo talibowie nieudolnie próbowali połączyć oczekiwania swoich radykalnych przywódców z uzyskaniem poparcia ze strony globalnych mocarstw, licząc na ich pomoc finansową. W rzeczywistości można obserwować stopniowe ograniczanie w tym kraju praw i wolności obywatelskich oraz stosowanie represji wobec przeciwników politycznych. Jednoznacznie świadczy to o tym, iż pomimo wcześniejszych fikcyjnych gestów wobec opinii światowej talibowie nie dokonali istotnej zmiany kursu. Potwierdzają się obawy obrońców praw człowieka i ekspertów, że taka polityka uniemożliwi ustabilizowanie sytuacji w Afganistanie.
Estimation of betalain content in beetroot peel powder
Authors: Khalid Shakir Brwa , Simone Vincenzi
Published: January 2024

This study explores the economic benefits of utilizing beetroot peels as a source of natural color extraction, with a focus on reduction of waste. It was determined through rigorous experimentation that sun-drying at a controlled temperature of 22°C emerged as the optimal and most cost-effective method for preserving betalain content in peels. Furthermore, water was identified as the preferred solvent for extraction of betalain, exhibiting both higher yield and lower cost, compared to ethanol. The resulting beetroot powder demonstrated a stable pH range of 6.1–6.6, rendering it well suited for a diverse range of food applications. These findings emphasize the potential of beetroot peels as a valuable and sustainable source of natural colorants, with significant implications for the food and related industries.
Hematobiochemical, antioxidant, and lipid alterations in mice feed with thermally oxidized coconut oil
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Ilahi Ikram , Khan Ayaz Ali , Attaullah Mohammad , Ali Akbar , Ghani Mustajab , Saidal Ahsan , Khan Ziad , Al-Asmari Fahad , Sameeh Manal Y. , Mohamed Amal A. , Saddeek Salma , Barqawi Aminah A.
Published: January 2024

In the present study, the effects of recycled oxidized coconut oil were assessed on hematobiochemical, antioxidant and cardiac markers in albino mice. In all, 24 mice were divided into three groups: group I, II, and III; animals in each group received a normal diet as well as fresh and deep-oxidized coconut oil. The outcomes demonstrated that group III mice fed with thermally oxidized coconut oil revealed a significant alteration in the form of decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total white blood corpuscle, platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb), Hb concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and hematocrit (HCT) (p > 0.05). Likewise, levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein in group III were high, while level of high-density lipoprotein was weakened. Moreover, it was observed that administration of oxidized coconut oil (group III) caused significant changes in the levels of creatinine, uric acid, serum urea, total proteins, globulin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum glucose as well as concentrations of serum electrolytes, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. This study also showed that group III mice had low levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and radical scavenging capacity and high levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances. However, animals in group II, fed with diet of fresh coconut oil, showed normal levels of all the above-mentioned hematobiochemical, antioxidant, and lipid markers, compared to control mice (group I) and group-III animals. The histological findings of the liver and heart further confirmed the findings of the current investigation, that is, deep-oxidized coconut oil has negative consequences and ought to be avoided.
Determining which sine wave frequencies correspond to signal and which correspond to noise in eye-tracking time-series
Authors: Raju Mehedi Hasan , Friedman Lee , Bouman Troy , Komogortsev Oleg
Published: January 2024

The Fourier theorem states that any time-series can be decomposed into a set of sinusoidal frequencies, each with its own phase and amplitude. The literature suggests that some frequencies are important to reproduce key qualities of eye-movements (“signal”) and some of frequencies are not important (“noise”). To investigate what is signal and what is noise, we analyzed our dataset in three ways: (1) visual inspection of plots of saccade, microsaccade and smooth pursuit exemplars; (2) analysis of the percentage of variance accounted for (PVAF) in 1,033 unfiltered saccade trajectories by each frequency band; (3) analyzing the main sequence relationship between saccade peak velocity and amplitude, based on a power law fit. Visual inspection suggested that frequencies up to 75 Hz are required to represent microsaccades. Our PVAF analysis indicated that signals in the 0-25 Hz band account for nearly 100% of the variance in saccade trajectories. Power law coefficients (a, b) return to unfiltered levels for signals low-pass filtered at 75 Hz or higher. We conclude that to maintain eye- movement signal and reduce noise, a cutoff frequency of 75 Hz is appropriate. We explain why, given this finding, a minimum sampling rate of 750 Hz is suggested.
Pun processing in advertising posters: evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Konovalova Anastasiia , Petrova Tatiana
Published: January 2024

This study examines the process of reading polycode advertising posters, focusing in particular on the effect of a pun in the headline. The pun, or a sequence of lexical items that can be perceived as ambiguous, is contained in the headline and different meanings of this sequence are supported by the picture and text. The results of the preliminary experiment showed that advertisements with puns are rated as more attractive, original, effective and positive compared to advertisements without puns. We hypothesized that puns in the headlines increase cognitive effort in processing posters, leading to higher evaluations. The main experiment tested this and examined differences in eye movement when reading posters with and without puns. Fifty-five Russian participants viewed advertisements while their eye movements were recorded. Our results showed no fundamental differences in the general pattern of viewing advertisement posters with and without puns. We found that readers start to perceive polycode advertisements from the text and spend more time reading the text than looking at an image. These findings shed light on how attention is distributed between verbal and non-verbal components of polycode texts, and which type of poster is more effective for information retrieval at different processing levels.
The impact of eye dominance on fixation stability in school-aged children
Authors: Šerpa Evita , Alecka Madara , Ceple Ilze , Krūmiņa Gunta , Švede Aiga , Kassaliete Evita , Goliškina Viktorija , Volberga Līva , Bērziņa Asnate , Miķelsone Rita , Kļavinska Anete , Ozola Elizabete , Toloka Daniela , Ruža Tomass , Vasiļjeva Sofija , Koļeda Marija
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to analyze the stability of dominant and non-dominant eye fixations, as well as the influence of development on fixation stability. The study analyzed fixation stability in 280 school-age children, ranging in age from 7 to 12 years old. Fixation stability was determined by calculating the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA). During the fixation task, eye movements were recorded using the Tobii Pro Fusion eye tracking device at a 250 Hz sampling frequency. The results indicate that the fixation stability of dominant and non-dominant eyes, as well as the fixation stability of each eye regardless of dominance, improves as children grow older. It was found that for 7 and 8-year-old children, fixation in the dominant eye is significantly more stable than in the non-dominant eye, while in older children, there is no significant difference in fixation stability between the dominant and non-dominant eye.
Hidden Markov Models for early detection of cardiovascular diseases
Authors:   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Núñez Mejía Sebastián
Published: January 2024

Introduction: This article, developed between 2022 and 2023 within the framework of Applied Stochastic Processes by the SciBas group at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, focuses on the role of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) in predicting cardiovascular diseases. Problem: The addressed issue is the need to enhance the early detection of heart diseases, emphasizing how HMM can address uncertainty in clinical data and detect complex patterns. Objective: To evaluate the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) in the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECG) for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: The methodology comprises a literature review concerning the relationship between HMM and cardiovascular diseases, followed by the application of HMM to prevent heart attacks and address uncertainty in clinical data. Results: The findings indicate that HMM is effective in preventing heart diseases, yet its effectiveness is contingent upon data quality. These results are promising but not universally applicable. Conclusions: In summary, this study underscores the utility of HMM in early infarction detection and its statistical approach in medicine. It is emphasized that HMM is not infallible and should be complemented with other clinical options and assessment methods in real-world situations. Originality: This work stands out for its statistical and probabilistic approach in the application of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) in medical analysis, offering an innovative perspective and enhancing the understanding of their utility in the field of medicine. Limitations: It is recognized that there are limitations, such as dependence on data quality and variable applicability in clinical cases. These limitations should be considered in the context of their implementation in medical practice.
Biodisponibilidade de metais em sedimentos e peixes em áreas agrícolas e urbanas do rio Pirapó: toxicidade potencial e monitoramento ambiental
Authors: Leite Edilaine Corrêa , Santos de Farias Rian Richard , Cagni Gilsemara dos Santos , Bello José Roberto , Da Silva Thaila Fernanda Oliveira , Lizama Maria de los Angeles Perez , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado , Gonçalves José Eduardo
Published: January 2024

O nível de interferência antrópica em ambientes aquáticos motiva a realização de estudos e pesquisas, a partir do uso desenfreado de recursos e ações incompatíveis com o equilíbrio nos diversos tipos de ecossistemas. Estudos têm mostrado que peixes e sedimentos podem ser usados como uma ferramenta para biomonitoramento, pois demonstram capacidade de acúmulo de metais. Assim, para investigar o nível de perturbação ecológica em função da contaminação por metais, principalmente, metais pesados na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Pirapó, foram realizadas a quantificação dos elementos Al, As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr e Cu, utilizando a espectrofotometria de emissão óptica empregando plasma de argônio indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). As coletas das amostras (sedimento e peixes) no rio Pirapó foram realizadas em três pontos distintos (P1: próximo a nascente; P2: intermediário, próximo à captação de água para abastecimento público de Maringá-PR; P3: jusante à Maringá-PR). Os resultados demonstraram níveis de concentrações superiores ao Limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) para nove (9) dos dozes (12) elementos nas amostras de sedimento, incluindo elementos conhecidos por sua alta toxicidade (Cr, Ni e Pb), além dos considerados essenciais (Cu, Fe e Zn). Já para as amostras de peixes, quatro (4) elementos (Al, Cu, Hg e Zn) apresentaram concentrações superiores ao LMR. Estes resultados apontam um nível elevado de interferência antrópica nestes ambientes, configurando potencial toxicidade à ictiofauna do Rio Pirapó e para a população abastecida pela água deste rio ou que utiliza o peixe como alimento.
Prediabetes and the incidence of Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Xiaojie , Lu Yi , Gong Zhongying , Huang Weihui , Wang Zhiyun
Published: January 2024

Diabetes has been associated with an elevated risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet the relationship between prediabetes (PreD) and the incidence of PD in the adult population remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate if PreD is also associated with a higher risk of PD. We conducted comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant observational studies with longitudinal follow-up. The random-effects model was employed to synthesize the data, mitigating the potential impact of study heterogeneity on the outcomes. Our analysis incorporated seven datasets from five cohort studies, encompassing 18,170,592 adult participants without a PD diagnosis at baseline. Among them, 2,432,148 (13.3%) had PreD. During the follow-up, a total of 46,682 patients were diagnosed with PD. The pooled results indicated that PreD was associated with an increased incidence of PD (risk ratio [RR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 - 1.16; P = 0.02; I2 = 52%), after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Subsequent pilot subgroup analyses suggested that the association between PreD and PD might not be significantly influenced by the country of the study, its design, age or sex of the participants, definition of PreD, or the quality scores of the study (P for subgroup difference all > 0.05). In conclusion, adult population with PreD may have a mildly increased risk of developing PD compared to those with normoglycemia.
Transformation of Diplonema papillatum by electroporation v2
Authors: Valach Matus , Burger Gertraud
Published: January 2024

Variant protocol for transformation of Diplonema papillatum by electroporation using a "home-made" transformation buffer. The procedure was devised based on previously published protocols by Kaur et al. (DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14041) and Dyer et al. (DOI: 10.3791/54342). For additional details, see also Faktorová et al. (DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15130).
Multimodal texts with a suggestive orientation in the information space of wartime Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Snytko Olena , Pohorilova Mariia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analysis of multimodal texts with a suggestive orientation in the information space of wartime Ukraine. These texts effectively influence society in a positive way and objectify the narratives that are emotionally rich in description. Multimodal patriotic texts are broadcast through classical and new media, as well as social networks, combining differently encoded information (visual, verbal, and musical text). It has been found that the basic and most important means of suggestive influence is the rhythm of the text, which is created by means of different codes. Rhythm permeates all levels of the text and ensures the result of the recipient's psycho-emotional perception of certain suggestively marked meanings. Rhythm as a proportional alternation of certain elements of the text is "comprehended" by the addressee primarily on the emotional level; the rhythmic structure of the text implies "text assembly", which begins with the unification of the relevant content parts and ends with the creation of a new content unit, i.e. the "text concept". It has been proved that multimodal texts based on a complex of suggestive techniques are associated with the so-called "iconic turn" in communication, i.e. focus on various kinds of visual components of the communication process. The interaction of codes creates a unique information product, the semantics of which cannot be conveyed by means of only one of the codes. Multimodal texts with a suggestive orientation have an extremely wide audience; they represent a quick response to certain wartime crises; they use artistic means to outline the prospects for the wartime crisis development; they embody the relevant emotions of a mentally traumatized society; they objectify the content of events in a vivid and imaginative way; they appeal to the cultural roots of the nation and make extensive use of folklore elements; they enhance the psycho-emotional state of the society and provide multiple reproductions, exercising a long-lasting suggestive influence.
Chromones Modified with 7-Membered Heterocycles: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gorbulenko Natalia , Shokol Tetiana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khilya Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2024

The present mini-review for the first time summarizes and systematizes all the data available in the literature on the synthesis and properties of сhromones modified with 7-membered heterocycles throughout the chemical space around the chromone framework. Most of the 2-, 6-, 7- and 8-hetarylsubstituted сhromones are represented in the patent literature and were obtained by nucleophilic substitution in the chromone core with a cyclic amine moiety. Methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic analogs of isoflavones are mainly based on 3-formylchromone, its derivatives, chromonylchalcones and by means of multicomponent reactions. The biological activity of сhromones substituted with 7-membered heterocycles are also surveyed.
Optimize Urban Infrastructure Planning Based on Big Data and Enhance Xi'an's Urban Image
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Lai Che Ching
Published: January 2024

Infrastructure is an important support for urban operation, and city image is directly related to the quality of life of citizens and the construction of city brand. Urban infrastructure distribution, equipment types, network switching, and other issues have always restricted the development of communication in Xi'an city, and the addition of big data technology has further increased the communication pressure in Xi’an city and affected the image of Xi'an city. In this paper, we take Xi'an urban infrastructure as the research object, and combine the phyon method to obtain the big data information in the network and the data in the wireless self-organizing sensor. Then, the incomplete data was eliminated, and the data was mapped to the 0~1 interval in a logarithmic manner, and a standardized processing set was formed. set up wireless ad hoc sensor devices, collect infrastructure-related data, and summarize data through big data analysis. At the same time, based on social urban image data, public demand data, and urban infrastructure evaluation results, the content of urban planning is adjusted to better meet the expectations of the public and provide targeted planning solutions. Finally, according to the data fitting, the matching of wireless ad hoc sensor network and city image improvement is realized, and the reasonable planning of infrastructure is promoted. The results of urban image analysis show that wireless ad hoc sensor network and big data technology can simplify the steps of urban infrastructure planning, reduce urban planning costs, and enhance the functionality of the infrastructure,reduce the public complaint rate, and meet the requirements of Xi'an urban image improvement.
Advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous surgery of urolithiasis in the patient’s supine position
Authors: Suleymanov Suleyman I. , Kadyrov Zieratsho A. , Aguzarov Alan M. , Ashurov Zaur I. , Babkin Alexandr S. , Bagaturiya Konstantin K. , Musohranov Vladislav V. , Tyagun Alexander A. , Fedorov Dmitrii A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Studying the clinical features of different surgical approaches in patients with urolithiasis with stones localized in the kidney and the upper third of the ureter is an important practical issue in modern urology.
AIM: The aim of the study is a clinical evaluation of the results of percutaneous surgery for urolithiasis with the patient in the supine position.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of surgical treatment of 316 patients with urolithiasis with stones localized in the kidney (more than 10 mm) and the upper third of the ureter (more than 8 mm) are presented. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the supine position.
RESULTS: Complete elimination of stones was achieved in 91.3% of patients with stones of the upper third of the ureter and 96.2% of patients with kidney stones. Clinical evaluation of the surgical results showed that the frequency of intraoperative complications of traumatic origin is about 10%, the most common complication being bleeding. At the same time, complications of grades IV and V according to the Clavien–Dindo classification were noted. Performing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the supine position reduces the time required to position the patient, allows for the combination of transurethral and percutaneous interventions, is more effective for patients with increased weight and concomitant diseases, and also provides a significant advantage in the need for ventilation and possible resuscitation.
CONCLUSIONS: It is advisable to introduce a personalized approach to the choice of surgical access when performing invasive interventions on the upper urinary tract.
Pathomorphological restructuring of the buccal mucosa grafts during ureteroplasty (experimental and clinical study)
Authors: Guliev Bakhman G. , Avazkhanov Zhaloliddin P. , Droblenkov Andrey V. , Vinnichuk Sergey A. , Abdurakhmanov Oibek Sh.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently for the plastic surgery of extended strictures of the pyeloureteral segment and proximal ureter a grafts from the buccal mucosa is used. Histological changes in these grafts in the postoperative period have not been sufficiently studied.
AIM: is to study the histological changes in the graft from the buccal mucosa used for ureteroplasty in an experiment and in patients at different times after surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental part of the study was carried out on 10 animals (rabbits). We studied histological changes in the wall of the buccal mucosa graft used for ureteroplasty. Under general anesthesia a median laparotomy was performed, the ureter was mobilized along the middle third, a defect of about 1 cm was created. Next a buccal graft of 1.5 × 1 cm was cut out, which was sutured to the ureteral defect using the onlay technique. After 6 months nephroureterectomy was performed. Three parts of the ureter were identified: the replacement zone, 3 cm sections above and below it, followed by histological examination. The clinical part of the study consisted of a histological examination of biopsy samples obtained from 5 patients during ureteroscopy by pinching graft biopsy 12 months and 24 months after buccal ureteroplasty.
RESULTS: The experimental part of the study demonstrated the possibility and effectiveness of ureteroplasty with a buccal graft, and also revealed the restructuring of squamous epithelium into transitional cell. In patients 12 and 24 months after buccal ureteroplasty similar changes in the mucous membrane of the graft were not observed, therefore, further study of the mucous membrane of the buccal graft in later postoperative periods is necessary.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of experimental and clinical studies indicate the possibility of using a graft from the buccal mucosa for plastic surgery of extensive and recurrent ureteral strictures. Unlike animals, where a restructuring of squamous to transitional cell epithelium was observed, similar morphological changes did not occur in patients after buccal ureteroplasty.
Intraoperative application of photodynamic therapy as a method of inactivation of uropathogenic flora (pilot study)
Authors: Streltsova Olga S. , Antonian Artem E. , Elagin Vadim V. , Ignatova Nadezhda I. , Yunusovа Katerina E. , Zhilyaeva-Fomina Tatiana R. , Lazukin Valery F. , Kamensky Valadislav A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: The predictor of experimental work on animals on the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to neutralize antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms was the analysis of the microbial landscape of patients’ urine and swabbings from the working surfaces of objects of the urological hospital.
AIM: The aim of the study is was to study the possibility of intraoperative photodynamic inactivation of uropathogenic microorganisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of the species specificity of microorganisms was performed based on the results of urine cultures of patients in a urological hospital and external introduction infections over the past 10 years. The experimental part of the work was carried out on 7 animals (pigs). Photodynamic therapy was performed intraoperatively by local injection into the animals’ renal pelvis of the photosensitizer photoditazine in physiological solution with the addition of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 to a concentration of 10%. To study the damaging effect on the tissue of the pelvis, a histological study of animal kidneys was performed. To assess the biocidal effect on uropathogenic bacteria introduced into the renal pelvis, we used suspensions of daily test cultures (1 × 108 CFU/ml) of microorganisms most often found in the stones of patients with urolithiasis.
RESULTS: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis и Klebsiella pneumonia were the most frequently present in urine over 10 years. The safety of using photodynamic therapy in the renal pelvis of animals was comprehensively studied. It was found that the accumulation of the photosensitizer by the cells of the lining epithelium of the renal pelvis did not occur; the photosensitizer solution in the renal pelvis was not heated during photodynamic therapy. Histological examination established the absence of significant damage to the epithelium of the renal pelvis of the animals under the influence of various irradiation modes. The analysis of the bactericidal activity of the method used showed that photodynamic therapy leads to the death of 99.9% of E. coli and 99% of S. aureus.
CONCLUSIONS: The experiment established that intraoperative photodynamic therapy is an effective and safe method of inactivating uropathogenic microorganisms, which allows it to be considered as an alternative to antibiotic therapy.
Renal pelvis cancer — 6 years without treatment and metastasis (case report)
Authors: Zamyatnin Sergey A. , Gonchar Irina S. , Kosarev Arthur V.
Published: January 2024

Renal pelvis cancer is a rare cancer. The data presented in the literature indicate that timely diagnosis and early surgical treatment, often in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are the key to success. This is due to the high metastatic potential of this type of tumor, rapid spread to the bladder and, as a consequence, unsatisfactory long-term results. This paper presents a rare case of papillary cancer of the renal pelvis, which has completely spread throughout the lumen of the left ureter and into the cavity of the bladder. The duration of the disease in the absence of regional and distant metastasis is surprising. For the first time, the dynamics of tumor tissue growth from the pelvis to the bladder over 3 years in the absence of treatment is presented using a clinical example.
Arterial embolization in the treatment of benign and malignant prostate lesions
Authors: Golovataya Anna D. , Gorelov Viktor P. , Sharafutdinov Eldar F. , Suvorova Julia V. , Gorelov Sergey I.
Published: January 2024

Prostatic artery embolization is an X-ray endovascular method for treating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to prostate diseases. Over the past 10 years, interest in this problem has grown significantly, as can be judged by the increase in the number and scale of research on this topic. The review article provides information about the effectiveness of this treatment method for benign and malignant prostate tumors. The search for information sources was carried out using the PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases. Key words used are “embolization of prostatic arteries”, “chemoembolization of prostate cancer”, “prostate cancer”, “benign prostatic hyperplasia”, “lower urinary tract symptoms” (in Russian and English). The prospects for embolization of prostatic arteries in urological and oncological practices and the need for more large-scale research in this direction are noted.
A novel device for aspiration and irrigation in endovideosurgery: flexible head for aspirator-irrigator with memory effect
Authors: Mosoyan Mkrtich S. , Shelipanov Denis A. , Fedorov Dmitriy A. , Gilev Evgeny S. , Vasilev Artem A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Aspiration of biological fluids, including blood and urine, as well as irrigation of the surgical field are important tasks at any stage of the majority of abdominal surgical interventions. These functions are necessary to prevent contamination of the abdominal cavity, clean the surgical field from fluid accumulations and blood clots, which in turn allows for optimal visualization for the operating surgeon. During endovideosurgical partial nephrectomy, maintaining a clean surgical field and adequate visualization of the resection area is often a difficult task, especially with posterior tumors. This is due to difficulties in reaching the resection zone due to insufficient instrument length and/or instrument bending.
AIM: The aim of the study is to study the properties of a new flexible nozzle for an aspirator-irrigator during kidney resection on a model of the intraabdominal space using a pig organ complex.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nozzle for the aspirator-irrigator is made of polyvinyl chloride, has the shape of a straight hollow tube 80 mm long and 6.5 mm in diameter; on the inner side surfaces there are two channels with a diameter of 1 mm, in which brass rods are located, giving the structure rigidity, with the possibility of changing it forms with a “memory effect”. This nozzle is attached to the distal end of a standard metal tube of the aspirator-irrigator, after which the surgeon gives it the necessary bend, sufficient to penetrate into hard-to-reach areas of the surgical field. Using a pig organ complex and a laparoscopic simulator, a model of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space was created. Laparoscopic instruments were used to simulate an endovideosurgical operation. Using laparoscopic scissors, a wedge-shaped resection of a section of the renal parenchyma (with a suspected tumor) was performed. Aspiration tubes were brought to the formed parenchymal defect — first a standard straight metal tube, then an aspiration tube with a flexible tip, which was previously given the necessary bend. At the end of the experiment, the effectiveness of using the new device in conditions of hard-to-reach localization of the resection zone, its safety for surrounding tissues and organs, as well as its convenience for the surgeon were assessed.
RESULTS: The effectiveness of the new attachment for resection of a suspected posterior renal tumor in a simulated intraabdominal space using a porcine organ complex. The access, aspiration, and irrigation were difficult and took longer time with using of the standard aspirator-irrigator tip, than with the new flexible tip.
CONCLUSIONS: The new flexible aspirator-irrigator head provides safe and rapid access to difficult-to-reach partial nephrectomy sites, as well as efficient aspiration and irrigation.
Intraperitoneal perforations of the bladder in pediatric urological practice. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various therapeutic and diagnostic approaches
Authors: Shchedrov Dmitry N. , Shormanov Igor S. , Logval Aleksei A. , Morozov Evgeny V. , Garova Daria Yu. , Sidorova Natalia A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal damage to the bladder in the pediatric population is a rare phenomenon. Publications describe small series of observations, generalizing studies are isolated. There are no uniform diagnostic algorithms and tactics of patient management, a large number of diagnostic and tactical errors.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of patients under 18 years of age with intraperitoneal bladder injuries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work was based on the results of treatment of 16 patients with intraperitoneal perforations of the bladder under the age of 18, who were in the Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital (Yaroslavl) and Vologda Regional Children’s Hospital No.2 (Cherepovets) for the period 2003–2023. In 10 cases, the perforations were traumatic in nature, in 6 — iatrogenic in nature.
RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed with traditional access in 6 cases, laparoscopic — in 10. The groups of patients are similar in clinical parameters. Laparotomic surgical intervention was performed from the lower median access (n = 4) and Pfanenstiel access (n = 2); with laparoscopic intervention (n = 10), a trocar arrangement with umbilical access for the camera and two accesses in the iliac regions for instruments was used. Laparoscopic surgery was accompanied by less blood loss. The duration of bladder drainage with laparoscopic intervention is reduced by 1.7 days. Laparoscopic surgery in 1 case was accompanied by the installation of a cystostomy, in the rest drainage was carried out by catheterization of the bladder. Open surgery was mainly completed by performing a cystostomy or combined drainage with a cystostomy and a urethral catheter. The duration of hospitalization is significantly shorter after laparoscopic intervention. In the first 10 years (2002–2012) 5 open operations and 2 laparoscopic operations were performed, and in the second 10 years (2013–2023) — 8 laparoscopic and one open operations. The tactics regarding bladder drainage are changing: in the first analyzed period, drainage was carried out mainly by cystostomy (n = 5) and less often by urethral catheter (n = 2), subsequently — mainly by urethral catheter (n = 7), less often by cystostomy (n = 1) or by simultaneous drainage by stoma and catheter (n = 1).
CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic suturing is the method of choice in all cases of isolated intraperitoneal perforations of the bladder and in most combined injuries. Indications for open intervention are combined abdominal injuries, active intra-abdominal bleeding. The urethral catheter has advantages over cystostomy.
Clinical significance of the use of intraoperative ultrasound dopplerography during Marmar surgery
Authors: Lankov Vladislav A. , Borovets Sergei Yu. , Nevirovich Evgeny S. , Al-Shukri Salman Kh.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative ultrasound Dopplerography is rarely used to facilitate the recognition and dissection of vascular structures during Marmar surgery.
AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of restoring the fertile properties of the ejaculate and the frequency of complications after Marmar surgery with and without intraoperative Doppler in patients with clinically significant varicocele and male infertility factor.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 96 men with a diagnosis of left-sided varicocele. The patients were divided into two groups. The group 1 included 41 patients who underwent Marmar surgery with intraoperative Doppler, and the group 2 included 55 patients but without the use of dopplerography. All patients were examined before the operation and three and six months after.
RESULTS: In the group 1 of patients, a more significant increase in the concentration and number of progressively mobile forms of sperm was noted three and six months after surgery, compared with similar indicators in patients of the group 2 (р 0.05). The use of intraoperative Doppler significantly reduced the time of surgical intervention, the frequency of complications and relapses, the detection of venous and arterial vessels (р 0.05). After Marmar surgery using intraoperative Doppler, there were no complications and relapses observed during six months of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: 1. Intraoperative Doppler control allows ligating a larger number of venous trunks and preserving a larger number of arteries in the spermatic cord during the Marmar surgery, thereby reducing the time of surgical intervention, preventing the development of relapses and complications of the disease. 2. The use of intraoperative Doppler during the Marmar surgery leads to a more significant increase in the concentration and number of progressively motile sperm forms both three and six months after the operation compared to the classical technique.
Prognostic value of immunological components of tumor microenvironment of oncourological tumors
Authors: Molchanov Oleg E. , Maistrenko Dmitrii N. , Granov Dmitrii A. , Shkolnik Mikhail I. , Lisitsyn Igor Yu. , Belov Andrei D. , Kneev Aleksei Yu.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, the tumor microenvironment has been considered as one of the key factors determining the prognosis and nature of the necessary therapeutic interventions. Currently, there is only one validated and approved predictive model that includes microenvironment components. Several classifications of the tumor microenvironment based on the nature of the predominant cellular subpopulations have been proposed.
AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of the immunological components of blood and the microenvironment, as well as to create prognostic models for oncourological tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used clinical data from 115 patients with kidney, bladder and prostate cancer. Immunological parameters in the tumor and blood microenvironment were evaluated in all patients. The end point of observation was the median time to progression. The influence of various parameters on long-term treatment outcomes was evaluated using the log rank and the Gehan–Wilcoxon criteria. A model of proportional hazard was used to identify the combined effect of several parameters on lifetime indicators.
RESULTS: The developed prognostic models for all studied groups include spontaneous production of three cytokines: IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. The prognostic models for renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer also included immunosuppressive components: MDSC and Treg. The median time to progression in patients with invasive urothelial cancer is influenced by components that contribute to tumor destruction: TNK cells and IFN-γ. In all the studied groups of patients (renal cell carcinoma, muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, prostate cancer), the median time to progression significantly differs in subgroups with different numbers of immunological risk factors for tumor microenvironment.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed prognostic models are based on modern achievements of oncoimmunology and after conducting multicenter validation studies, they can be recommended for clinical use.
Cyber Sentinel Chronicles: Navigating Ethical Hacking's Role in Fortifying Digital Security
Authors: Baddam Parikshith Reddy
Published: January 2024

It is impossible to stress how vitally important cybersecurity is in our day and age, characterized by the predominance of digital technologies. The concept of ethical hacking, sometimes known as "white hat" hacking, has recently emerged as an essential technique for protecting digital assets. Ethical hackers are at the forefront of cybersecurity because they use their skills to expose security flaws, put defenses to the test, and safeguard networks from harmful cyberattacks. Their operations are carried out honestly and within the law, primarily emphasizing anticipatorily locating and addressing vulnerabilities in the security system. We delve into the ever-evolving world of ethical hacking and shed light on the crucial part cyber sentinels play in preserving the digital landscape. It demonstrates ethical hackers' methods to find hazards and take preventative measures against them. This article discusses the importance of ethical hacking in strengthening cybersecurity, enhancing privacy, and maintaining the integrity of digital systems and digs deeply into ethical hackers' processes. Uncovering the practices and principles of these cyber sentinels highlights the indispensable role they play in ensuring a secure and resilient online environment.