bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measured distribution of cloud chamber tracks from radioactive decay: a new empirical approach to investigating the quantum measurement problem
Authors: Schonfeld Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Using publically available video of a cloud chamber with a very small radioactive source, I measure the spatial distribution of where tracks start, and consider possible implications. This is directly relevant to the quantum measurement problem and its possible resolution, and appears never to have been done before. The raw data are relatively uncontrolled, leading to caveats that should guide future, more tailored experiments. Results suggest a modification to Born’s rule at very small wavefunction. Track distributions from decays in cloud chambers represent a previously unappreciated way to probe the foundations of quantum mechanics, and a novel case of wavefunctions with macroscopic signatures.
Binding Efficacy of Clay Binders in Optimized Ash-Based Vitamin-Mineral Block Licks for Cattle
Authors: Mutore Rachel , Madzimure James , Mpofu Irvin D.T , Bangira Courage
Published: October 2021

An experiment was done to fabricate summer and winter optimized ash-based vitamin-mineral block lick specimens using cement, bentonite, kaolinite and a combination of these as binders in a ratio of 1:1(w/w) at 15% and 20% inclusion levels, respectively. Treatments were: cement, bentonite, kaolinite, bentonite + cement, bentonite + kaolinite and cement + kaolinite. Bentonite, kaolinite and ash (prime ingredient) were analyzed for mineral profile prior to fabrication. Resulting block specimens were analyzed for compressive strength and water absorption as a measure of the binding efficacy. There was no significant difference (P>0.001) in compressive strength (525± 11.43kPa) for cement and bentonite + cement summer blocks. Compressive strength was significantly higher (P<0.001) in winter block specimens made from the combination of cement and bentonite (47.33± 1.37 kPa). Clays as sole binder could not agglutinate winter blocks. Summer block specimens comprising of cement had the significantly least (P<0.001) water absorption value (1.40 ± 0.923%). Therefore, cement can be combined with bentonitic clay at a ratio of 1:1 summer block licks (500kPa) and winter block licks (39 ± 1 .37kPa) of desirable strength that animals can lick slowly.
Adapting and Usability Testing of an eLearning Resource to Enhance Healthcare Professional Provision of Sexual Support Across Cancer Care
Authors: Bingham Sharon , Semple Cherith Jane , Flannagan Carrie , Dunwoody Lynn
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To adapt the theory-driven and positively evaluated Maximising Sexual Wellbeing| Prostate Cancer (MSW|PC) eLearning resource to an eLearning resource suitable for health professionals (HPs) working with mixed cancer populations; followed by usability and acceptability testing. Methods: Guided by Person-Based Approach (PBA) and Biopsychosocial Model, the MSW|PC was adapted by combining evidence from the literature, an expert group (n=27: patients, partners and HPs working in cancer care) and the research team. New content was developed relevant for a mixed cancer population. The Maximising Sexual Wellbeing| Cancer Care (MSW|CC) eLearning prototype was usability tested and modified with HPs using ‘think aloud’ interviews (n=18). Results: Many identified sexual challenges were common across cancer populations, with additional information required for breast, colorectal, gynaecological, head and neck and prostate cancers. During the testing phase, navigational difficulties were identified and resolved. HPs reported the MSW|CC as engaging, informative, relevant with helpful communication and signposting tools to support practice.Conclusion: This systematic and iterative PBA, yielded important insights to enhance the content and usability of MSW|CC. This novel resource provides HPs working across cancer care with tools to potentially address the gap in knowledge and skills and positively impact future sexual healthcare provision across cancer care.
Quantitative Assessment of Climate Change Impacts On Forest Ecosystem
Authors: Liu Dan , Yan Hao , Yu Cheng long , Yin Shi Ping , Wang Cheng Wei , Gong Li Juan
Published: October 2021

Characterizing and predicting the response of terrestrial ecosystems to global change is one of the key challenges of contemporary ecology and ecological conservation. The impact of climate change on forest ecosystem has been widely studied, but it rarely uses method of multi-index fusion for quantitative evaluation. In this study, forest ecosystem in Heilongjiang Province was investigated. Based on remote sensing, meteorological observation, ground survey, geographic information, MAXENT model, CASA model, carbon sequestration potential model of Zhou Guangsheng-Zhang Xinshi, pixel dichotomy model and Savitzky Golay Filter model were used. On this basis, we analysed the change characteristics of forest distribution, net primary productivity and vegetation coverage. We also established a model for evaluating the impact of forest ecosystem change on climate, and made a quantitative assessment of the impact on climate. Our results indicate the following: (1) From 2001 to 2019, the forest area in Heilongjiang Province ranged from 2.34 × 105 to 2.46 × 105 km2, the forest NPP ranged from 40.48 to 555.32 gC/m2/a, and the vegetation coverage ranged from 42.42% to 67.64%, both of which showed a significant upward trend; (2) The values of forest ecological role were significantly positively correlated with the climatic potential; (3) The results of climate impact assessment of forest ecosystem change showed the contribution rate of climate change to forest ecosystem change was negatively correlated with forest coverage, which varied from 4.79% to 18.07% in different regions (cities) of the province. This study contribute to improving evaluating influence of climate change on forest ecosystem.
Preventive Effect of 20 mEq and 8 mEq Magnesium Supplementation On Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Miyoshi Takanori , Hayashi Toshinobu , Uoi Miyuki , Omura Fuyuki , Tsumagari Kyouichi , Maesaki Sachi , Yokota Chiaki , Nakano Takafumi , Egawa Takashi
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The protective effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity has been widely described; however, the optimal dose of Mg supplementation is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 20 mEq of Mg supplementation is more effective than 8 mEq Mg in preventing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as the associated risk factors, in cancer patients treated with CDDP-based chemotherapy.
Methods
Pooled data of 272 patients receiving 20 mEq or 8mEq Mg supplementation to CDDP-based chemotherapy from a multicenter, retrospective, observational study were compared using propensity score matching. Separate multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for renal failure induced by each treatment dose.
Results
There was no significant difference in the incidence of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity between the 8 mEq and 20 mEq groups (18.4% vs. 20.6%, P = 0.760). There was also no significant difference in the severity of nephrotoxicity, elevated serum creatinine levels, and decreased estimated creatinine clearance levels between the two groups. Cardiac disease and albumin levels were identified as independent risk factors for CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Conclusion
We did not find an advantage of 20 mEq over 8 mEq Mg supplementation in terms of a preventive effect against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. The optimal dose of Mg supplementation for the prevention of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity remains unknown, and further studies are warranted.
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Costa Rican Adults. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mora María del Rosario Espinoza , Murillo Alberto Alfaro , Schauer Christian , Mora Milena Castro , Salazar Nayely Marquez , Morice Mauricio Alfonso Herrera , Bratti María Paz León
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Up to date, neither in Costa Rica nor in Central America public registries regarding the prevalence and characterization of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) in adult patients exist. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features of patients diagnosed with primary and idiopathic immune disorders treated in two specialized immunodeficiency clinics in Costa Rica.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2017 and 2018, including 137 adult patients diagnosed with PID at two public hospitals in Costa Rica. To estimate a robust prevalence of PID in Costa Rica, a binomial model using a hyperparameter with a Poisson distribution was implemented in WinBUGS to fit a Bayesian model to approach a posterior distribution for the prevalence estimation.Results: Patients with PID showed a heterogeneous distribution and clinical course. Prevalence estimated resulted in a mean of 3.35 patients per 100,000 inhabitants in Costa Rica by 2018, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.98 to 4.15 patients per 100,000 inhabitants. A higher frequency of PID was observed in women and patients between 30 to 59 years of age. Humoral immunodeficiencies were predominant and most common immunodeficiency manifestations were recurrent infections and atopic syndrome. Most frequent comorbidities were dyslipidemia, acid peptic disease and hypertension.Conclusions: In this cohort, we found different clinical manifestations in comparison to other regions, highlighting the importance of a prompt diagnose of these entities in adults. Metabolic diseases were identified as common comorbidities in this group. Appropriate prevalence estimations can address diagnostic strategies.
Current and Potential Applications of IoT in Multimedia Communication System
Authors: Jain Anurag , Yadav Kusum , Alharbi Yasser , Alferaidi Ali , Alkwai Lulwah M. , Ahmed Nada Mohamed Osman Sid , Hamad Sawsan Ali Saad
Published: October 2021

Developing wireless technology and the exploitation of automated systems has demanded an innovative method of handling the objects that share multimedia information. The monitoring and automation system has progressed towards the Multimedia Internet of Things (M-IoT) whereas circumstance is entirely transformed to meet the requirements of the fast-moving world. Internet of Things (IoT) engrosses abundant objects and makes those objects think intelligently, which decides on their own by perceiving the situation of the circumstance. The incorporation of IoT into the real-time application facilitates the information exchange and utilizes the information for monitoring as well as prevention of complicated situations. The M-IoT-based conceptual framework and integration of smart objects in real-time applications have enriched the standard of living. M-IoT is widely used in health care, industry, and monitoring event. In this article, the specialized architecture of M-IoT is discussed along with diverse applications. Additionally, the metrics that assess the standard of M-IoT are summarized.
Use of Major Ions to Evaluate Groundwater Chemistry and Identify Hydrochemical Processes in a Shallow Coastal Aquifer in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Filho Carlos Alberto De Carvalho , Bomtempo Virgílio Lopardi , Cota Stela Dalva Santos , Minardi Paulo Sérgio Pelógia , Passos Ricardo Gomes
Published: October 2021

Coastal aquifers of southeastern Brazil have a fundamental role in economic and social terms, as it is a densely populated region with intense economic activity. The present research was carried out in the coastal region of the State of Rio de Janeiro and enclosed the Brazilian Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) site. The study aimed to assess the hydrochemistry of the shallow aquifer at the NPP's site and surroundings. The hydrochemical study was carried out based on data from twelve water samples, collected in October 2018, in which the following parameters, among others, were measured: electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, and pH were measured in situ. The analytical determinations carried out were as follows: alkalinity (titration); Ca2+ and Mg2+, (atomic absorption/spectrometry); Na+ and K+ (liquid chromatography); Cl- and SO42+ (liquid chromatography), and; silicon (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Using Piper and Chadha diagrams, the research identified four water types: Group 1 (Ca2+-Na+-HCO3-), Group 2 (Ca2+-HCO3-), Group 3 (Ca2+ (Na+ rich)-HCO3-), and Group 4 (Na+-Cl-). From the hillsides towards the beach line, the research results suggest a hydrochemical evolution of local groundwater from Group 1 (high rainwater influence), passing through Group 3 (intermediate between Group 1 and 2) and Group 2 (rock influence), to Group 4 (seawater like). The waters of groups 1 to 3 showed potential for base cation exchange (softening or freshening process), while, in Group 4, the potential is for reverse cation exchange (hardening or salinizing process). In a general hydrogeology context, the methods and applied techniques proved to be particularly efficient in identifying potential hydrochemical processes. Noteworthy is the freshening cation exchange identified in the shallow aquifer at NPP's site. Therefore, theoretically, in case of an accidental release of radionuclides from the NPP to the aqueous phase, the local clay lenses can capture the divalent cation Ra2+ in a natural contamination attenuation process.
Simultaneous Bilateral Laparoscopic Cortical-sparing Adrenalectomy for Bilateral Pheochromocytomas in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
Authors: Qi Xiao-Ping , Qi Qin-Yao , Fang Xu-Dong , Dong Fang , Li Feng , Lian Bi-Jun , Jin Hang-Yang , Zhang Ke , Wang Kang-Er , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2021

Background: laparoscopic or open cortical-sparing adrenalectomy (LCSA or OCSA; CSA) for treatment of bilateral pheochromocytomas (bPHEO) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) offers a postoperative corticosteroid independence and is balanced against the risk of local recurrence. In this study, the optimal surgical approach and the value of the simultaneous bilateral LCSA/OCSA (SB-LCSA/ SB-OCSA) were further assessed.Methods: A total of 31 patients (54.8% women) were diagnosed with bPHEO in MEN2 at a median age at initial presentation of 38 years (range, 23–78). Twenty- seven patients (87.1%) presented with synchronous. With the exception two patients respectively presenting MEN2A died of MTC metastasis or MEN2B declined surgery, each of other 29 underwent initial CSA, and in 23 (79.3%), of whom 18 had SB-LCSA and 5 had SB-OCSA duration of the same anesthesia (synchronous surgery); whereas metachronous CSA was in 6 (20.7%), including 1 had metachronous bilateral LCSA, 2 had metachronous bilateral OCSA (metachronous surgery) and 3 had LCSA/OCSA (hybrid) surgery.Results: All 31 patients associated with RET-C634 mutations, as MEN2A (90.3%) and RET-M918T, as MEN2B (9.7%), respectively. No conversion and intraoperative or postoperative severe complications were necessary. There were less bleeding volume, and shorter hospitalizations between in SB-LCSA compared with those in SB-OCSA, as well as synchronous surgery versus metachronous (hybrid) surgery (all P < 0.05). An initial bilateral postoperative corticosteroid replacement was necessary in 14 patients (45.2%). During a median follow-up period of 7 years (range, 1.8–23), 3 of these patients (10.3%) showed a persistent/recurrent disease and needed reoperation.Conclusions: CSA for bPHEO in MEN2 has a relatively low recurrence and avoids lifelong corticosteroid replacement in well over half the patients. SB-LCSA for treatment of these synchronous bPHEO is safe and feasible, should be recommended as a prioritized surgical approach of choice.
Ticagrelor-Pretreated Cardiomyocyte Derived Exosomes Provide Cardioprotection Under Hyperglycemia Through Alleviation In Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, And ER-Stress
Authors: Bitirim Ceylan Verda , Ozer Zeynep Busra , Aydos Dunya , Genc Kardelen , Demirsoy Seyma , Akcali Kamil Can , Turan Belma
Published: October 2021

Exosomes play important roles in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) via connecting the immune cell response to tissue injury, besides stimulation to muscle insulin resistance, while DM is associated with increase risks for major cardiovascular complications. Under DM, chronic hyperglycemia and subsequent augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) further lead to cardiac growth remodeling and dysfunction. Although a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, ticagrelor, is widely used in cardioprotection, its inhibitory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy is poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative and cardioprotective effect of exosomes, derived from ticagrelor pretreated-cardiomyocytes. To mimic DM in cardiomyocytes, we used high glucose incubated H9c2-cells (HG). HG cells were treated with exosomes, which were derived from either ticagrelor-pretreated or untreated H9c2-cells. Our results demonstrated that exosomes derived from ticagrelor-pretreated H9c2-cells significantly decreased the aberrant ROS production, prevented the development of apoptosis and ER stress under hyperglycemia, and alleviated oxidative stress associated with a miRNA-expression profile. Importantly, exosomes derived from ticagrelor-pretreated H9c2-cells enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation, suggesting a modulation of the exosome profile in cardiomyocytes. Our data, for the first time, indicate that ticagrelor can exert an important regulatory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through exosomal modulation behind its receptor-inhibitor related action.
Emergence of Spatially Structured Populations by Area-Concentrated Search
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Hovestadt Thomas
Published: October 2021

Background: The idea that populations are spatially structured has become a very powerful concept in ecology, raising interest in many research areas. However, despite dispersal being a core component of the concept, it typically does not consider the movement behavior underlying any dispersal. Methods: Using individual-based simulations in continuous space, we investigate the emergence of a spatially structured population in landscapes with spatially heterogeneous resource distribution and with organisms following a simple area-concentrated search (ACS). Results: We found that foraging success increased with increasing resource density and decreasing number of resource clusters. In a wide parameter space, the system exhibited attributes of a spatially structured populations with individuals concentrated in areas of high resource density, searching within areas of resources, and 'dispersing' in straight line between resource patches. 'Emigration' was more likely from patches that were small or of low quality (low resource density). 'Looping' from patches was more likely if patches were large and of high quality. With the ACS implemented, individuals tended to move deeper into a resource cluster in scenarios with moderate resource density than in scenarios with high resource density because of more space between resource items. Conclusion: Our simulations demonstrate that spatial structure in populations may emerge if critical resources are heterogeneously distributed and if individuals follow simple movement rules (such as ACS). Neither the perception of habitat nor an explicit decision to emigrate on the side of acting individuals are necessary for the emergence of spatial structure. Mechanistic models like ours may help to close the gap between movement ecology and spatial ecology theory.
Synchronized Bursts of Productivity And Success In Individual Careers
Authors: Ram Sumit Kumar , Nandan Shyam , Boulebnane Sami , Sornette Didier
Published: October 2021

Despite a significant understanding of epidemic processes in biological, social, financial, and geophysical systems, little is known about the contagion behavior in individual productivity and success. Here we uncover synchronized bursts in individual productivity and success. We introduce an epidemic model to study the contagion of scholarly productivity and YouTube success. Our analysis reveals the strong influence of network externalities in individual careers. The observed synchronization of individual productivity and success is likely mediated by sustained flows of information within the network.
Downregulated MFAP4 expression is correlated with macrophage polarization and indicates poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Zhiyan , Yu Weifeng , Yue Tiegang , Long Yinghan , Chen Yuguang , Jiang Yong
Published: October 2021

Microfiber-associated protein 4(MFAP4) plays a crucial role in several types of cancers; however, its role in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) remains elusive. Here, we investigated MFAP4 expression in LUAD tissues at the mRNA and protein levels respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic role of MFAP4 in LUAD. Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the clinical characteristics and MFAP4 expression. Moreover, the confidence level between MFAP4 expression and immune cell infiltration in LUAD tissues was calculated using TIMER and validated using GEPIA. MFAP4 expression was downregulated in LUAD at the gene and protein levels(P < 0.001). MFAP4 expression might be an independent risk factor for overall survival (P = 0.023). Moreover, the C-index of the nomogram model was 0.664, implying a good predictive capability of this model. Additionally, low MFAP4 expression significantly correlated with immune-related gene expression; further analysis showed that downregulated MFAP4 expression was positively correlated with M2 macrophage infiltration and negatively correlated with M1 macrophage infiltration. Our study indicated that MFAP4 expression could be a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Low-MFAP4 expression indicates poor prognosis for LUAD patients (P = 0.011), and the underlying mechanism may be related to the polarization of the macrophages into the M2 phenotype.
Emulsion-Oriented Assembly for Janus Double-Spherical Mesoporous Nanoparticles as Biological Logic Gates
Authors: Zhao Tiancong , Chen Liang , Liu Minchao , Lin Runfeng , Cai Weiluo , Hung Chinte , Wang Shangfeng , Duan Linlin , Zhang Fan , Elzatahry Ahmed , Li Xiaomin , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: October 2021

Mesoporous Janus nanoparticles, due to the independent mesoporous compartments, tunable spatial isolated surfaces and compositions, have great application potentials in establishing biological logic systems. However, the reported Janus nanoparticles without large pores are incompatible for the loading of large bio-molecules, limiting their usages as biological logic gates. Herein, an emulsion-oriented assembly approach is demonstrated for the fabrication of highly-uniform Janus double-spherical MSN&mPDA (MSN = mesoporous silica nanoparticle, mPDA = mesoporous polydopamine) nanoparticles with dual large and tunable mesopores. In this novel approach, oil droplets first interact with MSNs to form double-spherical structures, and then orient the selective-encapsulation of mPDA, leading to the final Janus double-spherical MSN&mPDA nanoparticles. The delicate Janus nanoparticle possesses a spherical MSN with a uniform size of ~ 150 nm in diameter, and a mPDA hemisphere with a diameter of ~ 120 nm. The dual-mesoporous nanoparticles possess surface area of ~ 250 m2 g−1 and also a high pore volume of ~ 0.56 cm3 g−1. In addition, the mesopore size in MSN compartment is tunable from ~ 3 to ~ 25 nm, while the mPDA compartments possess mesopores with the diameter ranging from ~ 5 to ~ 50 nm. Due to varied chemical properties and mesopore sizes in the two compartments, selective loading of guests in different compartments of the Janus mesoporous nanoparticles can be achieved. Based on such selective loading, single-particle-level biological logic gates with YES, OR and AND logics have been successfully established for the first time. We believe such work paves the way for constructing advanced asymmetric nanomaterials and realizing complex stimuli-responsive systems.
Layer-dependent magnetic phase diagram in FenGeTe2 (3≤n≤7) ultrathin films: coexistence of localized and itinerant electronic states of Fe with variable valence
Authors: Liu Qinxi , Xing Jianpei , Jiang Zhou , Guo Yu , Jiang Xue , Qi Yan , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with high Curie temperature (TC) are highly desirable due to their potential applications in spintronic devices. However, they are rarely obtained in experiments mainly due to the challenge of synthesizing high-quality 2D crystals, and their TC values are below the room temperature. By first-principles calculations, herein we design a family of stable 2D FenGeTe2 (4≤n≤7) ultrathin films that are similar to the reported Fe3GeTe2, which exhibit coexistence of itinerant and localized magnetism. Among them, 2D Fe3GeTe2 and Fe4GeTe2 are ferromagnetic metals with TC of 138 K and 68 K, respectively; 2D Fe5GeTe2, Fe6GeTe2 and Fe7GeTe2 ultrathin films are Néel’s P-types, R-type, R-type ferrimagnetic metals with TC of 320 K, 450 K and 570 K, respectively. The thickness induced magnetic phase transition is mainly originated from the competition between itinerant and localized states, which is also correlate well with the content of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. A valence/orbital dependent magnetic exchange model is proposed to clarify such interesting thickness and composition effect. Our results not only endow 2D Fe-Ge-Te ultrathin films as promising candidates for spintronics at room temperature, but also propose a universal mechanism to understand the magnetic coupling in complex magnetic systems.
Does PM2.5 Lead To A Decline In The Cognitive Capacity of Middle-Aged And Elderly People In China?
Authors: Yuan Miaoyu
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and the cognitive ability of middle-aged and elderly people in China using survey data from the three-phase China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the China City Statistical Yearbooks , and PM2.5 data from the Columbia University International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). According to the constructed model, for every 1 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5 concentration, the cognitive ability score of middle-aged people in China declined by 0.176 points on average. However the influence of PM2.5 concentration on the cognitive ability of people aged over 54 years was not significant. Physical support from children slightly improved the cognitive ability score of the middle-aged group. Education level had a significant impact on the cognitive ability of the elderly group, with those having a higher education level displaying less cognitive aging. In addition, hypertension had a significant negative impact on the cognitive ability of the elderly group.
Buoyancy Driven Flow of Pseudoplastic Fluid Between an Outer Cylinder and Inner Grooved One.
Authors: Oussama Benhizia , Mohamed Bouzit
Published: October 2021

This work examines the two-dimensional steady laminar natural convection of non-Newtonian fluid obeys the Ostwald-de Waele model in a gap between two concentric cylinders (the internal cylinder is grooved). The presence of grooves is of importance owing to their effectiveness in ameliorating the heat transfer of devices like micro-system, ICE (Internal Combustion Engine)….; Thus, we have conducted a numerical study for ranges of values Prandtl number 10≤Pr≤10 3 , Rayleigh number 10 3 ≤Ra≤10 5 , power law index 0.4≤n≤1 and number of grooves 4, 8, 12 and 16 in this order, with the help of ANSYS-CFX 16.2. The finite volume method was used to discretize the governing equations and they solved by the SIMPLE algorithm.
It is to be said that the Nusselt number is proportional with Ra while it is disproportional with n. Increasing the number of grooves drastically affects the heat transfer characteristics in the gap, by minimizing the surface that loses the heat between one groove and another, and therefore, the heat transfer is too small especially at the case of 16 grooves.
Lignin-Degrading Enzymes From a Pathogenic Canker-Rot Fungus, Inonotus Obliquus Strain IO-B2 (NBRC 113408)
Authors: Agnestisia Retno , Suzuki Tomohiro , Ono Akiko , Nakamura Luna , Nezu Ikumi , Tanaka Yuki , Aiso Haruna , Ishiguri Futoshi , Yokota Shinso
Published: October 2021

Inonotus obliquus is pathogenic fungus on living trees and has been widely used as a traditional medicine for cancer therapy. Although it has been reported that lignocellulose-degrading enzymes are involved in the early stage of host infection, the parasitic life cycle of this fungus has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we investigated the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes from I. obliquus and analyzed the degradation products. Our results revealed that I. obliquus is a pathogenic canker-rot fungus that does not produce lignin peroxidase (LiP), yet is capable of degrading the non-phenolic unit of lignin. The draft genome sequence of this fungus consisted of 21,203 predicted protein coding genes, of which 136 genes were estimated to be related to wood degradation. Furthermore, we found genes encoding putative versatile peroxidase (VP) and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), which are considered to be involved in the degradation of the non-phenolic unit of lignin. Thus, we cloned the cDNA encoding putative VP, referred as IO-Px, and characterized its molecular structure. From the above results, we suggested that: 1) IO-Px is a new member of MnP, and 2) the ability of I. obliquus to degrade non-phenolic lignin unit might arise from DyP properties.
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Ring Squeeze Film Damper-Rotor System
Authors: Shi MingMing , Yang Yongfeng , Wang Jianjun , Deng Wangqun , Zhang Desheng
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the oil film pressure distribution and fluid-structure coupling dynamic characteristics of the ring squeeze film damper-rotor system are studied and the vibration reduction mechanism of the ring squeeze film damper is revealed, the results of which provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic design of the rotor support system. Based on the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication, the Reynolds equation on the working principle of the floating ring is established. Moreover, the oil film pressure distribution of the inner and outer layers of the floating ring is obtained by adopting the finite difference method. The law of oil film pressure, bearing capacity, and deflection angle with eccentricity and the width-to-diameter ratio is analyzed. Then, the fluid-structure coupling model of a dual-disk over-hung rotor system supported by a floating ring bearing is built by using finite element simulation software. The vibration reduction mechanism and the oil film whirl mechanism of the ring squeeze film damper are revealed according to the analysis of the transient characteristics. The fluid-structure coupling method is used to analyze the influence of oil filling on the dynamic characteristics of the elastic ring. The results of this study show that lubricating oil will make its natural frequency drop.
Implication of TYMP genetic variation on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection: a real-world exploratory study
Authors: Peng Xinyu , Zhang Tao , Sun Junjie , Lin Hengxue , Bai Tianliang , Qiao Yating , Li Yaxin , Li Gang , Li Guicun , Jia Xiongjie , Zhang Aimin
Published: October 2021

Background

Thymidine Phosphorylase (TYMP) gene was of crucial significance in the process of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and also played an important role in capecitabine metabolism. Present study was to identify the association between TYMP polymorphism and prognosis of postoperative patients with CRC who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods

A total of 218 patients with CRC who were treated with surgical resection and capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study retrospectively. Peripheral blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimen of the patients with CRC were collected for the genotyping of TYMP polymorphism and TYMP mRNA expression, respectively. Univariate analysis of genotypes and prognosis was carried out by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and multivariate were adjusted by Cox regression analysis. Expression of TYMP according to genotype status was analyzed using non-parameter test.
Results

The median disease-free survival (DFS) of the 218 patients with CRC was 4.6 years, and the median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 years. Regarding the polymorphism analysis, only rs11479 was of clinical significance. The prevalence of rs11479 in TYMP among the 218 patients indicated that minor allele frequency was 0.20 (GG 141 cases, GA 68 cases and AA 9 cases), which accorded with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P=0.825). Prognostic analysis according to rs11479 genotype status suggested that the median DFS of patients with GG genotype and GA/AA genotype was 3.1 and 6.1 years, respectively (P=0.004). Furthermore, the median OS of patients with GG genotype and GA/AA genotype was 5.0 and 7.0 years, respectively (P=0.033). In order to adjust the confounding factors which might contribute to OS, a multivariate Cox regression analysis was introduced and the results exhibited that rs11479 polymorphism was an independent factor for DFS (HR=1.64, P=0.009). Additionally, of the 65 PBMC specimens, the mRNA expression results indicated that patients with GA/AA genotypes conferred significantly higher mRNA expression of TYMY than that of patients with GG genotype (P<0.001).
Conclusions

TYMP gene polymorphism rs11479 might involve in the prognosis of patients with CRC who received capecitabine based adjuvant chemotherapy through mediation of the mRNA expression of TYMP. Conclusion of present study should be confirmed in prospective clinical trial subsequently.
The Intraosseus Tumor - A Potential Pitfall for the Arthroplasty Surgeon: A Case Report.
Authors: Fromm Julian , Birkenmaier Christof , Goller Sophia , Klein Alexander , Knoesel Thomas , Jansson Volkmar , Dürr Hans Roland
Published: October 2021

Background: Although rare, the annual incidence of intraosseus sarcomas is up to 2 per 100.000 population with a peak in the sixth decade of life. Due to their slow growth and because they are often asymptomatic for a long period of time, they can be misinterpreted as a benign bony lesion. Particularly, if the tumor shows a high myxoid signal on MRI, the lesion might be mistaken for a bone cyst. Case presentation: We present the case of a 70-year-old female complaining of pain in her left knee. Initial imaging showed a grade 3 osteoarthritis, according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system, and a cystic lesion of the distal femur. The patient received a total knee endoprothesis and five years after the index surgery, she presented again with pain in her left knee after a fall. Radiographs showed an expansile lesion of the distal femur. A biopsy was performed and the lesion proved to be a chondrosarcoma with myxoid pattern. After en bloc-resection, a megaendoprosthesis was implanted in a palliative approach. Four years later, the patient died without local recurrence due to metastatic disease from an adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Conclusion: Malignant tumors should be taken into consideration whenever imaging shows an expansile lesion of the bone, even when they are painless, well delimited and slowly or not at all growing. We recommend a biopsy to be performed before performing an arthroplasty in such cases.
Manufacturing of Alumina-Zirconia-CNT Ceramic Composites: A comparison of Conventional and Alumina-Graphite Powder Bath Sintering methods
Authors: Makireddi Diwakar , Ghuge V D , BEHERA ALOK , Puri Y M , Thakare Gajanan , Thawre M M
Published: October 2021

The Zirconia (ZrO2) and Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) embedded Alumina (Al2O3) composite fabricated using conventional sintering (CS) possess higher strength, better micro-hardness and more toughness as compared to pure alumina. However, several researchers have reported nonuniform mechanical properties in CS. This non-uniformity can be eliminated using the novel Alumina-Graphite Powder Bath (AGPB) sintering technique. In AGPB, the alumina composites are surrounded by an equal proportion mixture of alumina-graphite powders, providing indirect uniform heating. This converts the heat transfer mode from convectionradiation to conduction and produces uniform mechanical properties across the sintered surface. In this paper, both AGPB and CS techniques were used to fabricate Alumina-ZirconiaCNT (AZC) composites. The uniformity of Physico-mechanical properties was compared for AGPB-AZC and CS-AZC composites. The AGPB-AZC composites exhibited better hardness and minimum pore dispersion as compared to CS-AZC composites. The AGPB-AZC FESEM analysis revealed the formation of single-crystal structures across the sintered surface, which eventually improved the hardness. The mean hardness of the AGPB-AZC (1829.95 HV) composite was enhanced by 43% compared to CS-AZC (1273.5 HV).
A Novel Approach of Modelling Acute Patient Care Across a Healthcare System Using Network Analysis: Effects of The SARS Cov2 Pandemic On Patient Movement
Authors: Kohler Katharina , Jankowski Matthew D , Bashford Thomas , Deepi Goyal , Habermann Elizabeth B , Walker Laura E
Published: October 2021

Background

Consolidation of healthcare in the US has resulted in integrated organizations encompassing large geographic areas, with varying services and complex patient flows. Profound changes in patient volumes and behavior have occurred during the SARS Cov2 pandemic, but understanding these changes across organizations is challenging. Network analysis provides a novel approach to address this.
Methods

We retrospectively evaluated hospital-based encounters with an index emergency department visit in a healthcare system comprising 18 hospitals, using patient transfer as a marker of unmet clinical need. We developed quantitative models of transfers using network analysis incorporating the level of care provided (ward, progressive care, intensive care) during pre-pandemic (May 25, 2018 to March 16, 2020) and mid-pandemic (March 17, 2020 to March 8, 2021) time periods.
Results

829,455 encounters were evaluated. The system functioned as a non-small-world, non-scale-free, dissociative network. Our models reflected transfer destination diversification and variations in volume between the two time points – results of intentional efforts during the pandemic. Known hub-spoke architecture correlated with quantitative analysis.
Conclusion

Applying network analysis in an integrated US healthcare organization demonstrates changing patterns of care and the emergence of bottlenecks in response to the SARS Cov2 pandemic, consistent with clinical experience, providing a degree of face validity. The modeling of multiple influences can identify susceptibility to stress and opportunities to strengthen the system where patient movement is common and voluminous. The technique provides a mechanism to analyze the effects of intentional and contextual changes on system behavior.
Ferroelectric photosensor network: an advanced hardware solution to real-time machine vision
Authors: Cui Boyuan , Fan Zhen , Li Wenjie , Chen Yihong , Dong Shuai , Tan Zhengwei , Cheng Shengliang , Tian Bobo , Tao Ruiqiang , Tian Guo , Chen Deyang , Hou Zhipeng , Qin minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: October 2021

Nowadays the development of machine vision is oriented toward real-time applications such as autonomous driving. This demands a hardware solution with low latency, high energy efficiency, and good reliability. Here, we demonstrate a robust and self-powered in-sensor computing paradigm with a ferroelectric photosensor network (FE-PS-NET). The FE-PS-NET, constituted by ferroelectric photosensors (FE-PSs) with tunable photoresponsivities, is capable of simultaneously capturing and processing images. In each FE-PS, self-powered photovoltaic responses, modulated by remanent polarization of an epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 layer, show not only multiple nonvolatile levels but also a sign reversibility, enabling the representation of a signed weight in a single device and hence reducing the hardware overhead for network construction. With multiple FE-PSs wired together, the FE-PS-NET acts on its own as an artificial neural network. It is demonstrated that an in situ multiply-accumulate operation between an input image and a stored photoresponsivity matrix is available in our FE-PS-NET hardware. The FE-PS-NET hardware is faultlessly competent for real-time image processing functionalities, including binary pattern classification with an accuracy of 100% and edge detection with an F-Measure of 95.2%. This study highlights the great potential of ferroelectric photovoltaics as the hardware basis of real-time machine vision.
Amyloid-β42 Stimulated Hippocampal Lactate Release is Coupled to Glutamate Uptake
Authors: Hascup Erin R. , Sime Lindsey N. , Peck Mackenzie R. , Hascup Kevin N.
Published: October 2021

Since brain glucose hypometabolism is a feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, lactate utilization as an energy source may become critical to maintaining central bioenergetics. We have previously shown that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42 stimulates glutamate release through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and hippocampal glutamate levels are elevated in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Accordingly, we hypothesized that increased glutamate clearance contributes to elevated extracellular lactate levels through activation of the astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS). We utilized an enzyme-based microelectrode array (MEA) selective for measuring basal and phasic extracellular hippocampal lactate in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Although basal lactate was similar, transient lactate release varied across hippocampal subregions with the CA1> CA3> dentate for both sexes. Local application of Aβ42 stimulated lactate release throughout the hippocampus of male mice, but was localized to the CA1 of female mice. Coapplication with a nonselective glutamate or lactate transport inhibitor blocked these responses. Expression levels of SLC16A1, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A, and B were elevated in female mice which may indicate compensatory mechanisms to upregulate lactate production, transport, and utilization. Enhancement of the ANLS by Aβ42-stimulated glutamate release during AD progression may contribute to bioenergetic dysfunction in AD.
Sub-pixel Spectral Reduction Algorithm for Echelle Spectrometer
Authors: YANG JIN , Yin Lu , SUN CI , WANG MINGJIA , FENG SHULONG , SONG NAN
Published: October 2021

A sub-pixel spectral reduction algorithm for the echelle spectrometer is proposed here to ensure a high spectral resolution for it. The initial model is established by separating cross-dispersion and calculating the imaging offset from the center. The geometric optics formula and mathematical function are used to calculate the offset in two vertical directions respectively. The deviation of the initial model is less than two pixels which is caused by coupling effect of the two vertical directions，and it is too difficult and complicated to calculate true value of the deviation. Therefore, the method of mathematical fitting is used to update the model that the deviation can be reduced. The coordinates were contrast between algorithm and both ray tracing and experimental results to determine the deviation. The results show that the maximum deviation of the whole image plane is not greater than one pixels (sub-pixel level). The proposed spectral reduction algorithm thus significantly improves the spectral accuracy of the echelle spectrometer, and the model is simple to establish and modify, which renders it suitable for applications.
Toxicity Study in a Pig Model of Intraperitoneal Collagenase as an "Enzymatic Scalpel" Directed to Breaks Stroma in Order to Generate a New Perspective for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Approach. An Experimental Research.
Authors: García-Arranz Mariano , Villarejo-Campos Pedro , Barambio Javier , Gómez-Heras Soledad Garcia , Vega-Clemente Luz , Guadalajara Héctor , Garcia-Olmo Damian
Published: October 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity using collagenase in peritoneal cavity as a preliminary step to generate a treatment that breaks the stroma surrounds the tumors.Methods: 8 pigs were treated at 2 different collagenase concentrations, previously tested in rats by our groups, with time and temperature control using peritoneal lavage system (PRS System, Combat Medical Ltd) identical to use in human surgeries to treatments through HIPEC, plus 2 pigs were treated with peritoneal lavage only. Blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 24h after treatment. Histological studies and blood collagenase levels were measured.Results: No complications were observed during the surgeries. Images during treatments showed the release of peritoneal tissue during collagenase washes. After surgery the animals showed no signs of pain. Diet and mobility were normal at 4h. There were no significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters. MMP1 and MMP2 were quantified in all samples and no differences were found in blood collagenase levels between pre-treatment, post-treatment and 24 h post-treatment.None of collagenase treated animals showed peritoneal adhesions at the second surgery. Histologically, peritoneal organs and serous structures, did not show any microscopic alteration associated with collagenase treatment in any groupsConclusion: Lavage of the peritoneal cavity with doses of up to (100,000 Collagen Digestion Unit/animal for 30 minutes is safe and removes connective tissue from the peritoneal cavity.
The Value of Preoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response index (SIRI) Combined with Albumin-Bilirubin Grading (ALBI) in Predicting Early Recurrence Following Curative Resection of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Fu Yubin , Feng Zhengkai , Xue Jiahao , Ge Penglei , Li Lin , Wu Yang
Published: October 2021

Background: This study was conducted to explore the risk factors for early recurrence of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative resection, and to evaluate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) combined with the albumin - bilirubin index (ALBI) for early recurrence of HCC following curative resection.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 233 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to January 2018. The optimal cut-off values of alpha-fetoprotein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SIRI, and ALBI were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the predictive efficiency of each index was compared by area under curve (AUC). A Cox-proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze factors affecting early recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate of different factors. Results: The AUC of SIRI for predicting early recurrence was 0.644, which was better than that of NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII. SIRI > 0.96, ALBI >-2.7, tumor diameter > 5 cm, and microvascular invasion (MVI) were risk factors for early recurrence after radical resection of HCC. The AUC of SIRI combined with ALBI was 0.759, which was better than that of single SIRI and ALBI. Combined with the above four risk factors, a new prognostic index was constructed, and the AUC for predicting early recurrence was 0.801. Conclusion: SIRI, ALBI, MVI, and tumor diameter could be considered reliable predictors of early recurrence following curative resection of single HCC. Preoperative SIRI combined with ALBI possesses an important reference value in predicting early recurrence following radical resection of HCC. It is helpful for clinicians in identifying high-risk patients with early recurrence, actively carry out postoperative adjuvant treatment, and improving the prognosis of patients.