bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two newly introduced Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) species in Colombia: Brachyplatys subaenus (Plataspidae) and Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Thaumastocoridae)
Authors: Forero Dimitri
Published: October 2021

The introduction of alien species can carry negative consequences to the areas in which they appear. Early detection of introduced species is key if management practices are to be effectively implemented. Here, based on specimens from collections and citizen science observations, we document the recent introduction of two alien Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) species in Colombia: Brachyplatys subaenus (Westwood, 1837) (Plataspidae) and Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Thaumastocoridae). Brachyplatys subaenus was found in two localities (Bolívar and Valle del Cauca), whereas T. peregrinus was found in a single locality (Bogotá) so far. Future research activities should establish the geographic range of these species, as well as document their host plant associations, in Colombia.
First record of Cnidocodon leopoldi Bouillon, 1978 (Cnidaria: Anthoathecata) in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Tosetto Everton Giachini , Bertrand Arnaud , Neumann-Leitão Sigrid , Nogueira-Jr. Miodeli
Published: October 2021

Specimens of the hydromedusa Cnidocodon leopoldi Bouillon, 1978 were collected in waters off the northeast Brazilian coast between 7.4°S, 34.3°W and 8.7°S, 34.8°W. The genus can be distinguished from other anthomedusae by the presence of four marginal perradial bulbs having an adaxial nematocyst cushion and branched capitate tentacles, an umbrella with scattered nematocysts, and gonads around a cylindrical manubrium shorter than the umbrella. Specimens were assigned to C. leopoldi due the tentacles with 4-5 branches and the absence of ocelli on tentacle bulbs differing from the congeneric Cnidocodon ocellata Huang, Xu, Lin & Qiu, 2008. This study represents the first record of the species in the Atlantic Ocean.
Eventos adversos pós-vacinação contra o SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Roberta Barros da , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Sato Ana Paula Sayuri , Lana Francisco Carlos Felix , Gusmão Josianne Dias , Souza Janaina Fonseca Almeida , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO Analisar os eventos adversos pós-vacinação (EAPV) contra o SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) no estado de Minas Gerais (MG). MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com dados do e-SUS Notifica no estado de Minas Gerais durante o período de 20 de janeiro a 5 de março de 2021. Foram analisados todos os casos suspeitos de EAPV da vacina contra covid-19 no estado, totalizando 7.305 casos. Para este estudo, verificou-se a possível correlação entre os EAPV e a causalidade com o imunobiológico administrado no período estabelecido. As variáveis analisadas para os casos de EAPV foram o imunobiológico administrado (AstraZeneca ou Coronavac), o tipo de evento, a evolução do caso e o tempo em dias da administração do imunobiológico e o início dos sintomas e causalidade. Calculou-se a taxa de incidência (TI) para 100 mil doses aplicadas. RESULTADOS A ocorrência dos EAPV em decorrência da vacina contra covid-19 foi frequente (TI: 777,12) no estado. Entretanto, somente 3% foram classificados como EAPV grave, com TI de 20,85, sendo que 4,71% deles evoluíram para óbitos com TI (8,19 óbitos a cada 100 mil doses aplicadas). Dentre os óbitos analisados, 84,4% foram classificados como condições preexistentes causadas por outros fatores e não por vacinas. Em relação aos EAPV não graves, 1,11% foram em decorrência de erros de imunização (TI: 8,62 EI a cada 100 mil doses aplicadas). CONCLUSÃO Esse trabalho fomenta, portanto, a discussão sobre a importância dos registros dos EAPV decorrentes das vacinas contra covid-19, demonstrando sua segurança para a população.
LEGACY: Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of the Anti-EL (Endothelial Lipase) Antibody MEDI5884 in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ruff Christian T. , Koren Michael J. , Grimsby Joseph , Rosenbaum Anton I. , Tu Xiao , Karathanasis Sotirios K. , Falloon Judith , Hsia Judith , Guan Ye , Conway James , Tsai Lan-Feng , Hummer B. Timothy , Hirshberg Boaz , Kuder Julia F. , Murphy Sabina A. , George Richard T. , Sabatine Marc S.
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Functional HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles that facilitate cholesterol efflux may be cardioprotective. EL (endothelial lipase) hydrolyzes phospholipids promoting catabolism of HDL and subsequent renal excretion. MEDI5884 is a selective, humanized, monoclonal, EL-neutralizing antibody. We sought to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects of multiple doses of MEDI5884 in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Approach and Results:

LEGACY was a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial that randomized 132 patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving high-intensity statin therapy to 3 monthly doses of 1 of 5 dose levels of MEDI5884 (50, 100, 200, 350, or 500 mg SC) or matching placebo. The primary end point was the safety and tolerability of MEDI5884 through the end of the study (day 151). Additional end points included change in HDL cholesterol and cholesterol efflux from baseline to day 91, hepatic uptake of cholesterol at day 91, changes in various other lipid parameters. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the placebo and MEDI5884 groups. In a dose-dependent manner, MEDI5884 increased HDL cholesterol up to 51.4% (
P
<0.0001) and global cholesterol efflux up to 26.2% ([95% CI, 14.3–38.0]
P
<0.0001). MEDI5884 increased HDL particle number up to 14.4%. At the highest dose tested, an increase in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol up to 28.7% (
P
<0.0001) and apoB (apolipoprotein B) up to 13.1% (
P
=0.04) was observed with MEDI5884. However, at the potential target doses for future studies, there was no meaningful increase in LDL cholesterol or apoB.

Conclusions:

Inhibition of EL by MEDI5884 increases the quantity and quality of functional HDL in patients with stable coronary artery disease on high-intensity statin therapy without an adverse safety signal at the likely dose to be used. These data support further clinical investigation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03351738.
2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gulati Martha , Levy Phillip D. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Amsterdam Ezra , Bhatt Deepak L. , Birtcher Kim K. , Blankstein Ron , Boyd Jack , Bullock-Palmer Renee P. , Conejo Theresa , Diercks Deborah B. , Gentile Federico , Greenwood John P. , Hess Erik P. , Hollenberg Steven M. , Jaber Wael A. , Jneid Hani , Joglar José A. , Morrow David A. , O’Connor Robert E. , Ross Michael A. , Shaw Leslee J.
Published: October 2021

Aim:

This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.

Structure:

Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
Learning the Synaptic and Intrinsic Membrane Dynamics Underlying Working Memory in Spiking Neural Network Models
Authors: Li Yinghao , Kim Robert , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: October 2021

Recurrent neural network (RNN) models trained to perform cognitive tasks are a useful computational tool for understanding how cortical circuits execute complex computations. However, these models are often composed of units that interact with one another using continuous signals and overlook parameters intrinsic to spiking neurons. Here, we developed a method to directly train not only synaptic-related variables but also membrane-related parameters of a spiking RNN model. Training our model on a wide range of cognitive tasks resulted in diverse yet task-specific synaptic and membrane parameters. We also show that fast membrane time constants and slow synaptic decay dynamics naturally emerge from our model when it is trained on tasks associated with working memory (WM). Further dissecting the optimized parameters revealed that fast membrane properties are important for encoding stimuli, and slow synaptic dynamics are needed for WM maintenance. This approach offers a unique window into how connectivity patterns and intrinsic neuronal properties contribute to complex dynamics in neural populations.
Bayesian Quadrature Optimization for Probability Threshold Robustness
Measure
Authors: Iwazaki Shogo , Inatsu Yu , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: October 2021

In many product development problems, the performance of the product is governed by two types of parameters: design parameters and environmental parameters. While the former is fully controllable, the latter varies depending on the environment in which the product is used. The challenge of such a problem is to find the design parameter that maximizes the probability that the performance of the product will meet the desired requisite level given the variation of the environmental parameter. In this letter, we formulate this practical problem as active learning (AL) problems and propose efficient algorithms with theoretically guaranteed performance. Our basic idea is to use a gaussian process (GP) model as the surrogate model of the product development process and then to formulate our AL problems as Bayesian quadrature optimization problems for probabilistic threshold robustness (PTR) measure. We derive credible intervals for the PTR measure and propose AL algorithms for the optimization and level set estimation of the PTR measure. We clarify the theoretical properties of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate their efficiency in both synthetic and real-world product development problems.
Toward a Brain-Inspired Developmental Neural Network Based on Dendritic Spine Dynamics
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Zeng Yi , Bai Jun
Published: October 2021

Neural networks with a large number of parameters are prone to overfitting problems when trained on a relatively small training set. Introducing weight penalties of regularization is a promising technique for solving this problem. Taking inspiration from the dynamic plasticity of dendritic spines, which plays an important role in the maintenance of memory, this letter proposes a brain-inspired developmental neural network based on dendritic spine dynamics (BDNN-dsd). The dynamic structure changes of dendritic spines include appearing, enlarging, shrinking, and disappearing. Such spine plasticity depends on synaptic activity and can be modulated by experiences—in particular, long-lasting synaptic enhancement/suppression (LTP/LTD), coupled with synapse formation (or enlargement)/elimination (or shrinkage), respectively. Subsequently, spine density characterizes an approximate estimate of the total number of synapses between neurons. Motivated by this, we constrain the weight to a tunable bound that can be adaptively modulated based on synaptic activity. Dynamic weight bound could limit the relatively redundant synapses and facilitate the contributing synapses. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on classification tasks of different complexity with the MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and CIFAR-10 data sets. Furthermore, compared to dropout and L2 regularization algorithms, our method can improve the network convergence rate and classification performance even for a compact network.
Chyromyidae from Cyprus with descriptions of new species of Aphaniosoma Becker (Diptera: Brachycera, Acalyptratae)
Authors: Ebejer Martin J.
Published: October 2021

An account is given of the Chyromyidae (Diptera) of Cyprus. First records are given for 15 species in the genus Aphaniosoma Becker, one in Gymnochiromyia Hendel and three in Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy. Two species are described as new to science: Aphaniosoma cypriense sp. n. and A. pteropus sp. n. The possible origin of this fauna and its affinity with that of neighbouring countries is discussed.
La danse et l’écriture calligraphique : Une nouvelle chorégraphie de fiction
Authors: Marsit Abir
Published: October 2021

Des artistes ont changé leur rapport à l’art et ont collaboré à bouleverser le paysage culturel dans des domaines tels que la littérature, la musique, le cinéma ou l’art plastique. Comme en témoignent les œuvres de Yazid Kheloufi, Hosni Hertili, Hassan Massoudy et Alexia Traore, en s’attaquant aux interdits, leur liberté d’expression a laissé place à une force créatrice. Ils sont devenus maîtres de leur passé, de leur présent, de leur futur et même de leurs corps.
Lucky Philip Dube: The Artiste in Search of a New Jurisprudence and Subaltern Redemption
Authors: Zuhmboshi Eric Nsuh
Published: October 2021

Most musicians, in their songs, portray their philosophical vision of life as could be seen in the case of Lucky Philip Dube, the black South African reggae musician. His songs show that he adheres to the principle of ethical humanism and portrays him as a crusader of social justice. Thus, this essay shows the link between musical art and law by examining the commitment of Dube’s lyrical composition in fighting for a just legal system in his society. This essay therefore, analyses some of his lyrical productions in order to expound on the philosophical ideas underneath the songs and how they tie with the search of an alternative jurisprudence and humanism in postcolonial discourse and the liberation of the subaltern. From the perspective of natural law theory, this essay postulates that Dube’s songs criticise the injustice of the legal philosophy in his society and quest for an impartial jurisprudence – that of equality and justice in his society.
Intercultural Dialogue via Music: Translating the Beatles’ Legacy into Contemporary Pop Culture
Authors: Engelskircher Kathrin
Published: October 2021

Cultural translation phenomena are per se an intercultural product. Exchange and interaction take place every day in our globalized world. Especially with respect to music, a translational perspective can broaden the horizon of research projects in a very fruitful way. Music always combines elements from different cultures, periods and styles and can, in that way, serve as a medium of intercultural dialogue, which affects the participants of the dialogue not only on a rational, but also on an emotional level – and helps to cross borders and build bridges between different cultures.

In my analysis, I take a look at the legacy of the Beatles and how it is performatively unfolded by the Spanish-Chilean band the Recalls, based in Germany. Different cultures intermingle in such appropriation and show a joyful (postmodern) handling to create a very special, discrete type of music and self-staging. Thus, music as a product of intercultural dialogue can become a chance for a successful interaction between different cultures.
Environmental Impact Assessment Draft Notification 2020, India: A Critique
Authors: Jolly Stellina , Singh Siddharth
Published: October 2021

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental effects of proposed actions and projects. Generally, an EIA is conducted before deciding to proceed with a specific project or activity. In India, the adoption of the Draft EIA Notification 2020 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has triggered several debates over its problematic implications. The Draft EIA Notification normalizes ex post facto clearance, which allows construction or operation of the project without a prior environmental clearance. It has significantly curtailed the scope of public consultation and participation by the introduction of a large number of exemptions for projects. Further, it is silent over the project’s transboundary impacts and exempts projects within 100 km of the border areas from public consultation. Thus, the Draft EIA Notification violates the environmental law principles provided under domestic and international laws by restricting adequate scrutiny of projects. The article critically evaluates the three significant dilutions that have threatened the effectiveness of the Draft EIA Notification including ex post facto clearance, public consultation, and the exemption granted to transboundary projects, and emphasizes its need for reconsideration before the publication of the final Notification.
Taxonomic Revision of the Leafhopper Genus Macropsis Lewis from Korea (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: KWON JIN HYUNG , SUH SANG JAE , KWON YONG JUNG
Published: October 2021

Korean species of the genus Macropsis Lewis are revised taxonomically, primarily based on the abdominal apodemes, male genitalia, and 2nd valvulae of the female ovipositor. Previously only three species were erroneously recorded from Korea. Among them, Macropsis notata (Prohaska, 1923) was previously misidentified as Macropsis prasina (Boheman, 1852). Two other European species, Macropsis scutellata (Boheman, 1845) and Macropsis illota (Horváth, 1899), are removed from the list of Korean fauna based on the examination of previously identified specimens that revealed only superficial resemblance to allied species. As a result, a total of 7 species are recognized in this revision, including 2 species new to science. Descriptions and distributional data are provided for all the species. Illustrations of both male and female genitalic characters as well as apodeme structures are provided, and an identification key to species from Korea is also given.
Nano-Coated si-SNHG14 Regulated PD-L1 Expression and Decreased Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yu Haoran , Zhang Chen , Li Wanpeng , Sun Xicai , Liu Quan , Wang Dehui
Published: October 2021

To investigate the expression characteristics of long non-coding RNA SNHG14 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and development of nano-coated si-SNHG14 as an anti-tumor agent. The SNHG14 expression in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous
tissues was monitored using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments tested the regulation of SNHG14, miR- 5590-3p, and ZEB1 on PD-L1. The binding association between the above three factors was verified using bioinformatics analysis.
EMT-related E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were tested using Western blot. Animal experiments in nude mice verified the function of SNHG14 in the EMT of NPC in vivo. The nano-coated si-SNHG14 was developed as an anti-tumor agent and was verified NPC cell in vitro. SNHG14
was upregulated in NPC tissues. Knocking down SNHG14 markedly inhibited the EMT of NPC. Additionally, the expression of ZEB1 was positively related to that of the SNHG14, while it was inversely correlated with that of miR-5590-3p. Moreover, ZEB1 transcription upregulated PD-L1 and promoted
the EMT, while SNHG14 could accelerate the EMT of NPC in vivo by regulating the PD-1 and PD-L1. SNHG14-miR-5590- 3p-ZEB1 positively regulated PD-L1 and facilitate the EMT of NPC. Nano-coated si-SNHG14 significantly downregulated PD-L1 expression and decreased EMT.
Plasma Exosomes Loaded pH-Responsive Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogel Promotes Wound Repair by Activating the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Type 1 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Shi Yijie , Li Mengdie , Wang Tao , Zhao Liang
Published: October 2021

Chronic wound healing plagues thousands of diabetic patients and brings social and economic burdens. Plasma exosomes (P-Exos), regarded as nanosized therapeutic agents, have shown therapeutic efficacy in promoting diabetic wound healing. The present work prepared the P-Exos-loaded pH-responsive
carboxymethylcellulose (P-Exos-loaded CMC) hydrogel to investigate its ability to accelerate diabetic wound healing and to explore its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the P-Exos-loaded CMC hydrogel was an effective therapeutic agent for accelerating diabetic wound repair. It
promoted the local wound healing process in diabetic type 1 mice and enhanced angiogenesis and re-epithelialization via activating angiogenesis-related pathways mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Efficacy of Dual-Targeting Combined Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Peng Huan , Liu Kewei , Wang Yaguo , Wang Wei , Qu Shilin , Li Yan , Bi Lijun , Zhang Xin , Zhang Liqun
Published: October 2021

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an incurable disease with high mortality. It is an extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which penetrated the blood-brain barrier and infected the meninges. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the body mainly reside in macrophages. Anti-tuberculous drugs usually can not target the blood-brain barrier and macrophages, the drug concentration in the lesion is low, which cannot effectively kill mycobacterium tuberculosis, making TBM difficult to treat. Targeted drug delivery systems can target drugs to specific nidus. In the study, we constructed a drug delivery system, which was a cell penetrate peptide B6 and phosphatidylserine (PS) modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanomaterial to target the blood-brain barrier and to target macrophages. This nanomaterial was a combined anti-tuberculosis drug delivery system encapsulating antituberculosis drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide, designed to target macrophages in the brain and kill mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the macrophages. We have physically characterized the drug delivery system, and verified the bactericidal ability at cellular and animal level. Results have shown that the targeted drug delivery system had a remarkable efficacy to treat TBM in mice.
New Perspectives on Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis with Applications to a Climatology of Severe Convection
Authors: Ancell Brian C. , Coleman Austin A.
Published: October 2021

Ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is a statistical technique applied within an ensemble to reveal the atmospheric flow features that relate to a chosen aspect of the flow. Given its ease of use (it is simply a linear regression between a chosen function of the forecast variables and the entire atmospheric state earlier or simultaneously in time), ensemble sensitivity has been the focus of several studies over roughly the last 10 years. Such studies have primarily tried to understand the relevant dynamics and/or key precursors of high-impact weather events. Other applications of ESA have been more operationally oriented, including observation targeting within data assimilation systems and real-time adjustment techniques that attempt to utilize both sensitivity information and observations to improve forecasts. While ESA has gained popularity, its fundamental properties remain a substantially underutilized basis for realizing the technique’s full scientific potential. For example, the relationship between ensemble sensitivity and the pure dynamics of the system can teach us how to appropriately apply various sensitivity-based applications, and combining sensitivity with other ensemble properties such as spread can distinguish between a fluid dynamics problem and a predictability one. This work aims to present new perspectives on ensemble sensitivity, and clarify its fundamentals, with the hopes of making it a more accessible, attractive, and useful tool in the atmospheric sciences. These new perspectives are applied in part to a short climatology of severe convection forecasts to demonstrate the unique knowledge that can gained through broadened use of ESA.
Convective Couplings with Equatorial Rossby Waves and Equatorial Kelvin Waves. Part I: Coupled Wave Structures
Authors: Nakamura Yuhi , Takayabu Yukari N.
Published: October 2021

This study investigates precipitation amounts and apparent heat sources, which are coupled with equatorial Kelvin waves and equatorial Rossby waves, using TRMM PR level 2 data products. The synoptic structures of wave disturbances are also studied using the ERA5 dataset. We define the wave phase of equatorial waves based on FFT-filtered brightness temperature and conduct composite analyses. Rossby waves show a vertically upright structure and their upright vortices induce large-amplitude column water vapor (CWV) anomalies. Precipitation activity is almost in phase with CWV, and thus is consistent with a moisture mode. Kelvin waves, on the other hand, indicate a nearly quadrature phase relationship between temperature and vertical velocity, like gravity wave structure. Specific humidity develops from near the surface to the middle troposphere as the Kelvin wave progresses. A clear negative CWV anomaly also does not exist despite the existence of negative precipitation anomalies. Convective activity corresponds well with its tilting structure of moisture and modulates the phase relationship between temperature and vertical motion. For both wave cases, apparent heat sources can amplify available potential energy despite the difference of coupling mechanisms of these two waves; precipitation is driven by CWV fluctuation for the Rossby wave case, and by buoyancy-based fluctuations for the Kelvin wave case. These can be observational evidence of actual coupling processes that is comparable to previous idealized studies.

Significance Statement

A coupling mechanism between equatorial waves and convective activity is a significant issue in tropical meteorology. While many previous idealized studies suggested some instability mechanisms, their true roles are not yet clear because detailed precipitation characteristics are not well investigated. We aim to quantify precipitation and synoptic-scale wave disturbances, and compare equatorial Rossby waves and equatorial Kelvin waves, which should have different instability coupling modes between each other, in order to shed light on a convectively coupling mechanism. We found that precipitation is actually driven by column moisture in Rossby waves and by dynamical fluctuation in Kelvin waves. Despite these competing mechanisms, similar top-heavy heating can maintain convectively coupled disturbances. Our observational results will support and improve theoretical studies.
Effects of Age on Delayed Facial Palsy After Otologic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Sweeney Alex D. , Chapel Alyssa Claire , Alfonso Kristan , Govil Nandini , Liu Yi-Chun Carol
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

To report 4 cases of delayed facial palsy (DFP) after pediatric middle ear (ME) surgery and systematically review and analyze the associated literature to evaluate the effects of age on DFP etiology, management, and prognosis.

Methods:

Systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for articles related to DFP after cochlear implantation (CI) was performed. These articles were assessed for level of evidence, methodological limitations, and number of cases. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of age on DFP incidence. Furthermore, a comprehensive list of all pediatric DFP cases after otologic surgery was assembled through a multi-institutional retrospective review and systematic review of the literature.

Results:

Twenty-nine articles fit the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The incidence of DFP after CI was 0.23% and 1.01% for pediatric and adult cases, respectively. This difference was statistically significant ( P < .001, odds ratio 4.36). Twenty-three cases, adding to the 4 presented herein, were suitable for a comprehensive list. The mean age was 6.9 years. Average postoperative day of paresis onset was 5.4, with an average maximum House–Brackmann grade of 3.5. All patients obtained full facial recovery after an average of 23.5 days.

Conclusions:

The systematic review demonstrates that DFP after pediatric CI is rare and occurs at a significantly lower rate than in adults, further supporting the viral reactivation hypothesis of DFP. The prognosis for pediatric DFP after otologic surgery is excellent, with a high rate of full recovery in a short time frame. However, steroid administration can be considered.

Level of evidence:

IIa
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Titration During Pediatric Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Chandrakantan Arvind , Musso Mary Frances
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To observe the degree of airway collapse at varying levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during drug pediatric induced sleep endoscopy.

Methods:

Using our institutional anesthesia protocol for pediatric DISE procedures, patients were anesthetized followed by evaluation of the nasal airway, nasopharynx, velum, hypopharynx, arytenoids, tongue base, and epiglottis. CPAP titration was performed under vision to evaluate the degree of airway collapse at the level of the velum. Comparison was made with pre-operative polysomnography findings.

Results:

Twelve pediatric patients underwent DISE with intraoperative CPAP titration. In 7/12 patients, DISE observed CPAP titration was beneficial in elucidating areas of obstruction that were observed at pressures beyond those recommended during preoperative sleep study titrations. In 3 patients, DISE observations provided a basis for evaluation in children not compliant with sleep study CPAP titration testing. With regard to regions effected, airway collapse was observed at the velum and oropharynx to a greater degree when compared with the tongue base and epiglottis.

Conclusion:

DISE evaluation of the pediatric patient with obstructive sleep apnea may present a source for further patient evaluation with respect to CPAP optimization and severity of OSA assessment, particularly in syndromic patients.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Gingiva: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Seo Gabriella T. , Xing Monica H. , Mundi Neil , Matloob Ammar , Khorsandi Azita S. , Urken Mark L.
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a commonly encountered salivary gland malignancy. However, it rarely occurs in the gingiva, an area generally thought to be devoid of minor salivary glands. We present a case occurring in this unusual site and review other reported cases.

Methods:

A 56 year-old male presented with a right-sided mandibular toothache for 1 year and underwent dental extraction. Due to persistent pain, follow up examination revealed a large gingival lesion. A biopsy was positive for adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Results:

The patient underwent a complete right segmental mandibulectomy and was reconstructed with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap. Three months postoperatively, during the planning for adjuvant radiation therapy, the patient developed pain in the left mandible. Imaging revealed extensive involvement of the left native mandible. Deep bone biopsies in several areas of the left mandible revealed ACC. He then underwent a complete left hemi-mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap. Tensor fascia lata suspension slings were placed due to concern for an open mouth deformity attributable to disruption of bilateral masticator slings. He will undergo adjuvant radiation therapy. Our review of the literature revealed 50 cases of gingival ACC published since 1972. Disease recurrence and distant metastases were noted in several patients, occurring at the latest after 30 years follow-up.

Conclusions:

Given its indolent behavior, high proclivity for late recurrence and metastasis, and overall infrequency, ACC represents a pathology that requires early diagnosis and comprehensive long-term surveillance. While ACC is well described in oral cavity sites with high densities of minor salivary glands, it is not commonly seen in the gingiva. As such, gingival ACC may display a unique biological and/or clinical character. We offer the first literature review of this rare entity.
Optimizing a Halfway House to Meet Mental Health Care Users’ Occupational Needs
Authors: Tsatsi Itumeleng Augustine , Plastow Nicola Ann
Published: October 2021

Background. Halfway houses (HwH) may support community reintegration of mental health care users and can be effective in meeting occupational needs of residents. However, they are not optimally used in South Africa. Purpose. This study aimed to improve the functioning of a HwH so that it better meets occupational needs of the resident mental health care users. It draws on Doble & Santha ( 2008 ); seven occupational needs. Method. A four-phase Participatory Action Research methodology was used. We conducted thematic analysis to describe met and unmet needs within PAR phases. Findings. Occupational needs of accomplishment, renewal, pleasure and companionship were being met. However, coherence, agency and affirmation needs were not being met. An additional occupational need for interdependence, based on the African ethic of Ubuntu, was identified. Implications. HwH functioning affected residents’ experiences of health and wellbeing. Engagement in collective occupations can contribute to meeting the occupational need of interdependence.
Partisanship as Cause, Not Consequence, of Participation
Authors: Rau Eli G.
Published: October 2021

In most democracies, citizens who identify with a political party are more likely than non-partisans to turn out to vote. But why is this the case? Does voting foster partisanship, as prominent models of political learning and cognitive dissonance postulate? Or does partisanship encourage voting, as expressive voting models and social identity theory suggest? I introduce the concept of partisan duty to capture the role of partisan social identities in the turnout decision and present new empirical tests of the relationship between partisanship and voting. I leverage a unique institutional arrangement in Chile to establish the direction of causality with a regression discontinuity, and I implement a novel survey design with behavioral outcomes to identify causal mechanisms. Data from the US confirm that the main findings generalize beyond Chile. Electoral participation does not generate partisanship. Instead, partisanship mobilizes voters: it increases the expressive benefits to voting and generates a sense of duty to support one’s partisan group.
Do Negative Emotions Matter? Paths From Victimization to Cyber and Traditional Bullying From a General Strain Theory Perspective
Authors: Lee Yeungjeom , Kim Jihoon , Song Hyojong
Published: October 2021

Drawing on theoretical propositions of general strain theory (GST), the current study aims to examine whether general victimization as a source of criminogenic strain predicts two different types of bullying, traditional and cyberbullying perpetrations, and whether negative emotionality, such as trait-based anger and depression, conditions the effects of general victimization on bullying. Using a Korean adolescent sample, we adopt cross-lagged dynamic panel models to investigate the longitudinal effects and interactions of strain and negative emotionality. The results indicate a significant influence of general victimization on both types of bullying perpetrations, as expected, while the conditioning effects of negative emotionality are found only for traditional bullying, which may reflect differences in the nature of the two different forms of bullying.
Mina All New: An Unmarried Mother on Italian Television in the Early 1960s
Authors: Barron Emma
Published: October 2021

In 1960s Italy, mass culture played an important role in the circulation of ideas as tens-of-millions of people read magazines, listened to music, and watched television. In 1963, Mina – one of Italy’s most popular singers and a variety television star – had an illegitimate child. Despite this public moral lapse, her records continued to sell, magazines reported on her situation, and advertisers continued to use her to promote products. While the Italian state and the Catholic Church sought to guide the public and slow the pace of social change by restricting mass culture, Mina’s case reveals cracks in the mediation of moral content by the state broadcaster and demonstrates the growing influence of middle-class audiences by the end of Italy’s economic ‘miracle’. The article uses magazine and television content, market research, and viewer surveys to argue that Mina’s case shows the importance of mass culture in social change and new limits to church and state control over audiences. Mina’s career recovery would have been unthinkable a few years earlier. Her return to television variety in 1965 demonstrated the importance of mass culture in social change, and a new role for audiences, advertisers and enterprises in setting Italy’s moral codes.
Activated Epithelial FGF8 Signaling Induces Fused Supernumerary Incisors
Authors: Chen Y. , Wang Z. , Lin C. , Chen Y. , Hu X. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2021

FGF8, which is specifically expressed in the dental epithelium prior to the E12.5 bud stage, is a key player during odontogenesis, being responsible for the initiation of tooth development. Here, to investigate the impact of persistent FGF8 signaling on tooth development, we forcibly activated FGF8 signaling in the dental epithelium after the bud stage by generating K14-Cre;R26R-Fg8 mice. We found that a unique type of fused supernumerary incisors is formed, although morphologically resembling the features of type II dens invaginatus in humans. Further analysis revealed that ectopically activated epithelial FGF8 alters the cell fate of the incisor lingual outer enamel epithelium, endowing it with odontogenic potential by the activation of several key tooth genes, including Pitx2, Sox2, Lef-1, p38, and Erk1/2, and induces de novo formation of an extra incisor crown lingually in parallel to the original one, leading to the formation of an extra incisor crown and fused with the original incisor eventually. Meanwhile, the overdosed epithelial FGF8 signaling dramatically downregulates the expression of mesenchymal Bmp4, leading to severely impaired enamel mineralization. Based on the location of the extra incisors, we propose that they are likely to be rescued replacement teeth. Our results further demonstrate the essential role of FGF8 signaling for tooth initiation and the establishment of progenitor cells of dental epithelial stem cells during development.
Boris Johnson to the Rescue? How the Conservatives Won the Radical-Right Vote in the 2019 General Election
Authors: Evans Geoffrey , de Geus Roosmarijn , Green Jane
Published: October 2021

How can centre–right parties in majoritarian systems adapt to threats from the radical right? Using a long-term inter-election panel study, we identify a remarkably stable constituency of support for Britain’s recent radical-right parties – the UK Independence Party and the Brexit Party. We show also how these same voters defected from the Conservatives across elections. In response, the government used a combination of the election of a new leader, Boris Johnson, and a hardline position on Brexit to reincorporate these voters into its support base, helping to lead to a large Conservative majority in 2019. Cross-party evaluations of Johnson were even more important in influencing this success than the issue of Brexit itself. Effective centre–right adaption to radical-right challenges is not simply about strategic issue positioning, it can also derive from centre–right leaders with populist appeal.
Assemblages of conflict termination: popular culture, global politics and the end of wars
Authors: O’Doherty Cahir
Published: October 2021

The question of how wars end is of continued importance, especially in the context of the ongoing War on Terror. This question has traditionally been approached within International Relations through rational choice theories, logical modelling and game theory. Such approaches have become increasingly ill-suited to capturing the complexity and ambiguity of contemporary warfare and the War on Terror in particular. These battlefield ambiguities are often at odds with political and public desires to see decisive victory in wars. This article builds on recent critical work within War Termination Studies in order to re-conceptualise the end of war as assemblages. By paying greater attention to the affects inculcated by political rhetoric surrounding war and utilising the concepts of affect and emergence, this article presents a novel approach to the study of contemporary war termination. Utilising popular culture, increasingly seen as a crucial site of global politics, the case study analysed here advances the argument that sacrifice emerges from cinema and presidential rhetoric as a trope that allows leaders to claim victory in war despite indecisive conditions of the ground. Through affective cinematic encounters, conceptualised here through the end of wars assemblages, audiences can become more accepting of such political claims.
A novel framework to finite-time tracking of nonlinear MIMO systems based on fast terminal sliding-mode method
Authors: Shafiei Mohammad Hossein , Keshavarz Masoud
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to design a robust finite-time tracking controller for uncertain affine multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In the proposed approach, a fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) controller is designed, based on the input–output relation of the MIMO nonlinear systems. The main advantage of the proposed method is its capability to handle the internal dynamics of the system. Moreover, in the proposed controller, the state variables of the internal dynamics of the system are not necessary to be measured. To realize the finite-time convergence of the output variables, a set of switching manifolds with a recursive procedure is utilized. Finally, the robust stability and tracking efficiency of the proposed control law are shown through computer simulations.
A Cohort Comparison of Midlife Marital Quality: A Quarter Century of Change
Authors: Wright Matthew R. , Brown Susan L. , Manning Wendy D.
Published: October 2021

Marital quality has been declining among recent cohorts, but whether this pattern characterizes middle-aged and older married adults is largely unknown. The doubling of the divorce rate among persons over the age of 50 years foretells poorer quality marriages for today’s midlife adults than a generation ago. Combining data on married individuals aged 50–65 years from the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) and the 2013 Families and Relationships Study, we conduct a cohort comparison of five dimensions of midlife marital quality. Today’s older adults report more marital disagreement and instability as well as less fairness and interaction with their spouses than their counterparts did a generation ago. The two cohorts report comparable levels of marital happiness. Consistent with the upward trend in divorce during the second half of life, the quality of midlife marriages appears to have declined over the past quarter century.
How probation officers understand and work with people on community supervision sentences to enhance compliance
Authors: Norman Emily M , Wilson Lara , Starkey Nicola J , Polaschek Devon LL
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to explore, describe, and interpret New Zealand probation officers’ insights into supervisees’ non-compliance with community sentences. Seventeen probation officers participated in two focus groups. Probation officers viewed problems with cognitive skills as a key barrier to sentence compliance. They reported that these problems underpinned other factors linked to compliance, such as meeting basic needs and skill acquisition. Probation officers employed a number of social worker oriented evidenced-based strategies, including building high-quality relationships and being flexible, along with modification of sentence requirements to increase supervisee compliance, especially with supervisees who faced considerable obstacles when engaging with a community sentence.
‘Lockdown's changed everything’: Mothering adult children in prison in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lockwood Kelly
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic occurred at a time when families of prisoners were gaining visibility in both academia and policy. Research exploring the experiences of families of prison residents has tended to focus on intimate partners and children, despite parents of those in prison being more likely than partners or children to maintain contact. The small body of work focusing on parents has identified their continued care for their children and highlights the burden of providing this care. With the ethics of care posing an ideological expectation on women to provide familial care, the care for adult children in custody is likely to fall to mothers. However, with restricted prison regimes, the pandemic has significantly impeded mothers’ ability to provide this ‘care’. Adopting a qualitative methodology, this paper explores the accounts of mothers to adult children in custody during the pandemic across two UK prison systems, England and Wales, and Scotland; exploring the negotiation of mothering in the context of imprisonment and the pandemic and highlighting important lessons for policy and practice.
Beliefs to Behaviors: How Religiosity Alters Perceptions of CSR Initiatives and Retail Selection
Authors: Friske Wesley , Cockrell Seth , King Robert A.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to bring more clarity to the complex discussion of religiosity and its effects on consumer attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and socially responsible shopping. Drawing on the Hunt-Vitell theory of marketing ethics, we investigate how intrinsic religiosity indirectly affects retail selection through the mediating variable of attitudes toward CSR. We also investigate whether a retailer's corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) moderate the relationship between consumer attitudes toward CSR and retail selection. We find that intrinsic religiosity indirectly affects where consumers shop for groceries, clothing, shoes, electronics, and home goods, and we find that only CSI impacts the retail selection decision. Implications for macromarketing theory, marketing strategy, and public policy are discussed.