bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and mechanical properties of composites based on polypropylene and timber industry waste
Authors: Kajaks Janis , Kalnins Karlis , Uzulis Sandris , Matvejs Juris
Published: July 2014

Wood polymer composites (WPC) are widely used materials in different industries because of many application, processing and recycling advantages compared to traditional thermoplastic polymer composites containing mineral fillers [1]. However, the commercial success of these materials primarily depends on improvements in moisture performance, and ability to use recycled and waste material as a wood filler. The research regarding WPC is focused on the chemical interaction between dissimilar material components with an aim to provide strong adhesion to the surface of wood filler-polymer matrix [2]. The goal of this paper was to present results of investigations of exploitation properties of composites containing different plywood production industry byproducts and polypropylene. It was shown that modification of all composites with coupling agent maleated polypropylene (MAPP) considerably improve physical mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact strength) of WPC. MAPP (5 wt.%) additions also significantly improve water resistance of WPC. SEM investigations confirmed positive action of interfacial modifiers on strengthening of adhesion interaction between components wood and PP matrix that give considerable increase of exploitation properties of the WPC.
Perceived Exercise Barriers Explain Exercise Participation in Australian Women Treated for Breast Cancer Better Than Perceived Exercise Benefits
Authors: Gho Sheridan A. , Munro Bridget J. , Jones Sandra C. , Steele Julie R.
Published: July 2014

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effect of perceived exercise benefits and barriers on exercise levels among women who have been treated for breast cancer and have not participated in a formal exercise intervention.

Design

This was an anonymous, national, online cross-sectional survey study.

Methods

Four hundred thirty-two women treated for breast cancer completed an online survey covering their treatment and demographic background, current exercise levels, and perceived exercise benefits and barriers. Each perceived benefit and barrier was considered in a binary logistic regression against reported exercise levels to ascertain significant relationships and associative values (odds ratio [OR]).

Results

Agreement with 16 out of 19 exercise barriers was significantly related to being more likely to report insufficient exercise levels, whereas agreement with 6 out of 15 exercise benefits was significantly related to being less likely to report insufficient levels of exercise. Feeling too weak, lacking self-discipline, and not making exercise a priority were the barriers with the largest association to insufficient exercise levels (OR=10.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.90, 30.86; OR=8.12, 95% CI=4.73, 13.93; and OR=7.43, 95% CI=3.72, 14.83, respectively). Conversely, exercise enjoyment, improved feelings of well-being, and decreased feelings of stress and tension were the top 3 benefits associated with being less likely to have insufficient exercise levels (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.11, 0.39; OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.07, 0.63; and OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.15, 0.63, respectively).

Limitations

Self-reported data measures were used to collect exercise data.

Conclusions

Targeting exercise barriers specific to women treated for breast cancer may improve exercise participation levels in this cohort. Awareness of the impact of exercise barriers identified in the present study will enable physical therapists to better plan exercise interventions that support all women treated for breast cancer.
The New Intimacy: rihannaboi95 and Web Theatre
Authors: Tannahill Jordan
Published: July 2014

Abstract:

“The New Intimacy: rihannaboi95 and Web Theatre” provides a summary of the creation and dissemination of Jordan Tannahill’s live-streamed Internet play rihannaboi95 and contextualizes it within the broader, emergent practice of web theatre. He speaks of the play’s origin within the “sissy boy dance/lip-synch” and “confessional” YouTube video genres, the rationale for choosing live-streamed video as a theatrical form, and the unique performance and directorial challenges that arose from the form. Tannahill goes on to discuss other artists creating performances that either exist entirely within Internet applications, such as Twitter, or substantially employ Internet applications within a theatrical production. Tannahill proposes that form profoundly informs content in web theatre and that as apps and devices are created, performance creators will generate content for and about them (the danger being performances that do not transcend technological gimmickry). Through the innovative use of free Internet applications, Tannahill suggests web theatre has the potential to be an affordable form of performance that transcends geographical barriers.
iTalk, YouListen, WePerform: Participatory Media on the Canadian Stage
Authors: McLeod Kimberley
Published: July 2014

Abstract:

This article investigates how Theatre Replacement’s WeeTube 5400 (2010) and Les Petites Cellules Chaudes’ The iShow (2012) re-frame social media in a performance context. Through re-mediation, these productions explore the kinds of social relations participatory media catalyze. WeeTube 5400 and The iShow—using YouTube and Chatroulette respectively—ask audiences to consider the productive and unproductive conversations taking place via social media. In doing so, these companies go beyond simply critiquing the social web and use performance to imagine new modes of connection possible in digital spaces. While the theatre space transforms the possibilities for social media use, in both productions the interactive potential of the social web is limited as the audience remains separated from direct digital engagement.
Inside Information: Ken Cameron’s How iRan
Authors: Finn Patrick
Published: July 2014

Abstract:

This article examines Ken Cameron’s multidisciplinary play How iRan: Three Plays for iPod. Author Patrick Finn argues that Cameron’s play uses digital technology to intimately engage with one of Canadian theatre’s most essential and intriguing themes: immigration. The play has three paths, each of which can be followed at any point. This creates a unique performance style that addresses how digital technology presents information to users. The play does not separate audience members with digital media; instead, Cameron’s audience moves in close physical proximity, and they walk through individual narrative experiences. Cameron uses interviews with Iranian-Canadians with direct immigration and cultural experiences to create personal connections with his material. Designer Anton DeGroot structured installation art pieces at narrative stations to further embed the play with new world information. Iranian-Canadians who decided to remain anonymous because of fear of reprisals against their families for their involvement in Cameron’s play have created several of the art stations in this play. This piece connects us with new and historical material through digital innovation.
How Should We Administer Population Aging? A Canadian Comparison
Authors: Marier Patrik
Published: July 2014

Abstract:

This article presents a comparative analysis of four Canadian provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Saskatchewan) with different administrative responses to population aging. The way in which population aging is tackled administratively matters greatly because it drives the type of policy responses being proposed and implemented.
Presenting Canada to the Scientific Gaze: TheHandbook for the Dominion of Canadaand the Eccentricity of Science Tourism
Authors: Hodgins Peter
Published: July 2014

Abstract:

In 1884, the Handbook for the Dominion of Canada was produced by the Montreal organizing committee for the first-ever meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science to be held outside of the British Isles. At first glance, the Handbook resembles present-day tourist guides in that it separates the country into sections, provides historical and natural historical descriptions for each, and identifies major sights. Yet its style blends scientific and bureaucratic diction, it is almost completely shorn of affective qualities, it contains few illustrations but an excess of statistical and scientific information, and it proposes what would seem to us to be erratic itineraries through places such as mines, mental asylums, factories, or waterworks. This article uses the Handbook to think about tourist handbooks as forms of middlebrow mediation of touristic experience that draw heavily on the emergence of bureaucratic and scientific diction to establish their cultural authority. It questions conventional constructions of nineteenth-century Canadian tourism in terms of the Romantic desire for the untamed, the exotic, and the sublime. Furthermore, it suggests that the Handbook was written in hopes of enrolling the visiting British scientists into a larger project of encouraging British immigration to Canada.
Trafficking Literature: Travel, Modernity, and the Middle Ground of Canadian and Australian Middlebrow Print Cultures
Authors: Kuttainen Victoria
Published: July 2014

This article explores the possibility of renewing the comparative study of Canadian and Australian literatures through an alertness to parallel developments in mid-range magazines and middlebrow print cultures in Canada and Australia in the early- to mid-twentieth century. While scoping the possibilities of full-fledged comparative studies, its focus is a case study of the Australian magazine BP: a well-capitalized, plush upmarket publication published by the Australian steamship company Burns Philp. The BP Magazine promoted travel between 1928 and 1942 as the nation underwent a transition from settler colonialism to vernacular modernity. The magazine lays bare tensions between literary aspiration and commodity culture, sophistication and escapism, edification and entertainment, and modernity and primitiveness. The aim of this case study is to raise questions that might be asked of both national literary cultures about the role of travel, modern consumer culture, magazines, and nationhood as the scales of literary values changed during the development of local middlebrow values and tastes.
Canadian Geography as National Identity: Hudson’s Bay Company Place Names and their Aboriginal Counterparts
Authors: Schreyer Christine
Published: July 2014

The fur trade has a distinctive place in the collective memory of Canadian society, influencing national identity in many ways. Specifically, the fur trade has helped to shape the geography of Canada, which is filled with locales that retain the labels “fort,” “post,” “house,” and “factory.” This paper will discuss the Hudson’s Bay Company’s 1928 call for the collection of Aboriginal place names for “all the posts of the country” and will examine the resilience of these places names and their role in creating a Canadian national identity based on the idea of three founding nations—Aboriginal, French, and English.
If Different, then Why? Explaining the Divergent Political Development of Canadian and American Local Governance
Authors: Taylor Zack
Published: July 2014

Twenty-five years ago, Goldberg and Mercer argued that differences between Canadian and American cities stemmed from distinct political cultures. Taking an alternative approach, this article surveys the historical development, through a series of critical junctures, of distinct institutional foundations of local government and intergovernmental relations in Canada. These institutional forms—greater reliance on general-purpose local government and more consolidated government in metropolitan areas—were the product of the incremental development of provincial capacities to manage municipal affairs absent in American states and have resulted in the more equitable provision of services and a greater capacity to manage urban economic and environmental change.
Evaluation of maintainer and restorer lines for yield and yield contributing traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hasan MJ , Kulsum Umma , Lipi LF , Akter A , Shamsuddin AKM
Published: July 2014

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur during T.Aman season of 2007 with a view to evaluating seven maintainer and 30 restorer lines for yield and yield contributing characters for selecting promising maintainer and restorer lines for developing rice hybrids in our local environment. Significant variations were noticed among the parental lines for all the characters studied. The CMS lines Gan46A and BRRI9A could be used as female parents in hybrid seed production due to good yield and yield contributing characters recorded in their corresponding maintainer lines. Restorer line BR168R could offer high yield potentiality in heterosis breeding due to its superior yield contributing characters in local environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18868 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 553-562, December 2013
Effect of Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum on the seed yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Mohanta HC , Hossain MM , Alam MS , Reza MH , Islam MM
Published: July 2014

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during October 2006 to May 2007 to evaluate the effects of zinc, boron, and molybdenum on the seed yield of carrot. The soil of the studied field was deficient in zinc, boron, and molybdenum and represents Salna Series of Shallow Red Brown Terrace under Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28). Four (4) levels each of zinc (0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kg/ha), boron (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kg/ha) and molybdenum (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha) were used to formulate 11 treatment combinations to observe their effects on the seed yield of carrot (cv. Bejo Shetal). A blanked dose of N120P54K150S20 kg/ha was also applied to nourish the crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seed yield of carrot was significantly increased due to integrated effects of zinc, boron and molybdenum. The highest seed yield (362.28 kg/ha) was found with Zn4.0B2.0Mo1.0 kg/ha combination, which was 283% higher over control. The maximum germination percentage (91.30) and vigor index (4.99) of seed was also recorded from the same treatment package and thus may be recommended for the production of carrot seed in the studied or alike area of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18869 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 563-572, December 2013
Effect of seed stalk pruning and boron application on the seed yield of summer onion (Allium cepa L.) in the high barind tract
Authors: Sarker MMR , Sarker MJU , Khan ASMMR , Islam MS , Hossain MS
Published: July 2014

The experiment was carried out at FSRD site, Kadamshahar, Godagari, Rajshahi during 2009-10 and 2010-11 to find out the number of seed stalk and optimum boron dose for seed production of summer onion in High Barind Tract (AEZ 26). The treatments comprised three levels of seed stalk (0, 4, and 6) and three rates of boron application (0, 1, and 2 kg/ha). It revealed that the seed stalks and boron either in single or combination had significant effect on the yield and yield contributing characters of onion seed. The combination comprising 4 stalks with 2 kg B/ha and 6 stalks with 1 kg B/ha were found to be the best choice for achieving higher seed yield of onion. The highest seeded fruit/umbel (4.06 and 4.55) and seed yield (669 and 713 kg/ha) were recorded from 6 stalks/plant fertilized with 1 kg boron/ha which was statistically identical to 6 stalks/plant fertilized with 2 kg boron/ha and 4 stalks/plant with 2 kg/ha boron in the High Barind Tract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18870 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 573-578, December 2013
Assessment of soil carbon stock of some selected agroecological zones of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha PK , Rahman MS , Khatun M , Hossain ATMS , Saleque MA
Published: July 2014

The present investigation assessed the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of four AEZs in Bangladesh which included AEZ 1 (Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain), AEZ 3 (Tista Meander Floodplain), AEZ 4 (Karatoya-Bangali Floodplain), and AEZ 9 (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain). Three land types  high land (HL), medium high and (MHL) and low and (LL)  were considered in the SOC assessment. The SOC stock was estimated by multiplying SOC (%) with bulk density (g/cc) and soil depth (cm). Across the AEZs and land types, the SOC (%) decreased with the increase in soil depth. The SOC (%) was the highest in the low land and the lowest in the high land over the AEZs. The soil bulk density in every AEZ increased with soil depth. Bulk density of soil for medium high and varied from 1.26 g/cc to 1.67 g/cc, for high and from 1.33 g/cc to 1.55 g/cc, and for low land it was 1.13 g/cc to 1.44 g/cc. The SOC stock at 0-20 cm depth was higher (14.19-4.67 t/ha) in low land followed by medium high land (8.25-4.58 t/ha) and high land (6.46-3.39 t/ha) for all AEZs. Among the four AEZs, the highest SOC stock was found in AEZ 1 irrespective of land types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18947 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 625-635, December 2013
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety development through hybridization: a new era in Bangladesh
Authors: Kundu BC , Islam MS , Kawochar MA , Rashid MH
Published: July 2014

Systematic research on potato variety development has been in practice in Bangladesh since 1960, but until 2012, not a single variety was developed in this country through conventional breeding method, mainly due to the short day climatic factors which are not congenial for potato plants to flower. Due to the diversified efforts, TCRC scientists were able to make a breakthrough to overcome the climatic barriers. Flowering was induced in HYV potatoes and produce berries in the year 2000. After hybridization and continuous selection, five hybrid clones were placed in a RYT in 2010-11 from a batch of 502 kg F1 seedling tubers produced from 45 gram hybrid seeds of 2001-02. Based on the performances of SYT, AYT, RYT and on-farm trials, three varieties were released by the NSB in 2012 as BARI Alu-35, BARI Alu-36, and BARI Alu-37. Their genotype numbers are 4.5W, 4.26R, and 4.40, their mean yields were 38.36, 33.82, and 34.88 t/ha in AYT, 44.01, 41.84, and 40.58 t/ha in RYT, and 38.87, 38.52, and 37.53 t/ha in on-farm trials, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19019 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 637-646, December 2013
Variability and heritability analysis in short duration and high yielding Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Khan MH , Bhuiyan SR , Rashid MH , Ghosh S , Paul SK
Published: July 2014

The experiment was carried out with 32 genotypes of Brassica rapa including two commercially cultivated varieties as checks to study their inter-genotypic variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, genetic advance, and CV percent considering 10 morphological characters at the experimental farm of SAU, Dhaka during November 2009 to February 2010. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied except thousand seed weight. High GCV and PCV values were observed for number of secondary branches/plant. High heritability values along with low genetic advance in percentage of mean were obtained for 1000-seed weight, number of secondary branches/plant, seeds/siliquae, and siliquae length. Highly significant positive association of seed yield per plant was observed with number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and number of siliquae/plant. Considering variability among the genotypes, heritability, genetic advance, percent co-efficient of variance, and field performances, the genotypes G-15, G-19, G-1, G-3, G-4, G-10, G-18, G21, and G-24 were found suitable for future breeding programme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19020 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 647-657, December 2013
Effect of planting time and nitrogen application on the yield and seed quality of T. Aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hussain ASMI , Hoque MM , Huda MN , Hossain D , Shahjahan M
Published: July 2014

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during June 2006 to December 2007 to find out the effect of planting time and nitrogen fertilization on the yield and seed quality of T. Aman rice. BR11 ( Mukta) was transplanted at different dates from 5 July to 19 August at 15 days interval. The rates of N used in the experiment were 80, 100, 120, and 140 kg N/ha,. Plant height, number of tillers/hill, grain yield, and yield components parameters varied significantly due to transplanting of rice at variable dates. The optimum time of planting was found to be 4 August compared to other dates of transplanting. Result indicates that this variety planted in optimum time gave higher yield with high quality of rice seed. In comparison to early and late planting, earlier planting of the variety was better as the late planted crops were severely affected by adverse environmental condition during reproductive phase. The poor grain yield in early or late planting was due to higher percentage of spikelet sterility. The varieties responded positively with increment of N levels upto 120 kg N/ha. The higher number of panicles/m2, lower percentage of unfilled grain, and heavier individual grain contributed to increase grain yield of this verity. It is, therefore, suggested to transplant BR11 rice in the first week of August in Aman season. The application of N of 100 -120 kg/ha with three splits is optimum for achieving higher grain yield and better quality of rice seed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19660 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 673-688, December 2013
Gamma-ray Spectrometry in Geothermal Exploration: State of the Art Techniques
Authors: McCay Alistair , Harley Thomas , Younger Paul , Sanderson David , Cresswell Alan
Published: July 2014

Gamma-ray spectrometry is a surveying technique that allows the calculation of the heat produced during radioactive decay of potassium, uranium, and thorium within rock. Radiogenic heat producing rocks are often targets for geothermal exploration and production. Hence, refinements in gamma-ray spectrometry surveying will allow better constraint of resources estimation and help to target drilling. Gamma-rays have long half-lengths compared to other radiation produced during radiogenic decay. This property allows the gamma-rays to penetrate far enough through media to be detected by airborne or ground based surveying. A recent example of ground-based surveying in Scotland shows the ability of gamma-ray spectrometry to quickly and efficiently categorize granite plutons as low or high heat producing. Some sedimentary rocks (e.g., black shales) also have high radiogenic heat production properties and could be future geothermal targets. Topographical, atmospheric and spatial distribution factors (among others) can complicate the collection of accurate gamma-ray data in the field. Quantifying and dealing with such inaccuracies represents an area for further improvement of these techniques for geothermal applications.
Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Used as the Impressed Current Anode Material
Authors: Zhu Ji-Hua , Zhu Miaochang , Han Ningxu , Liu Wei , Xing Feng
Published: July 2014

An investigation was performed by using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) as the anode material in the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system of steel reinforced concrete structures. The service life and performance of CFRP were investigated in simulated ICCP systems with various configurations. Constant current densities were maintained during the tests. No significant degradation in electrical and mechanical properties was found for CFRP subjected to anodic polarization with the selected applied current densities. The service life of the CFRP-based ICCP system was discussed based on the practical reinforced concrete structure layout.
Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Han Hua , Chen Xiangfeng , Yi Yanghua , Sun Hongxiang
Published: July 2014

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψm and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New (Nα-Dinicotinoyl)- bis-L-Leucyl Linear and Macrocyclic Peptides
Authors: Khayyat Suzan , Amr Abd
Published: July 2014

A series of linear and macrocyclic peptides 3–12 were synthesized using 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (1) as starting material and screened for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Bis-ester 3 was prepared from 1 and L-leucine methyl ester. Hydrazinolysis and hydrolysis of dipeptide methyl ester 3 with hydrazine hydrate or 1 N sodium hydroxide afforded compounds 4 and 5, respectively. Cyclization of the dipeptide 5 with L-lysine methyl ester afforded cyclic pentapeptide ester 6. Compounds 7–9 were synthesized by reacting hydrazide 4 with phthalic anhydride, 1,8-naphthalene anhydride or acetophenone derivatives. Treatment of acid hydrazide 4 with aromatic aldehydes or tetraacid dianhydrides afforded the corresponding bis-dipeptide hydrazones 10a–e and macrocyclic peptides 11 and 12, respectively. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, MS spectral data and elemental analysis. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, biological and pharmacological activities of the synthesized compounds was reported.
Small Animal Models for Human Metapneumovirus: Cotton Rat is More Permissive than Hamster and Mouse
Authors: Zhang Yu , Niewiesk Stefan , Li Jianrong
Published: July 2014

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is the second most prevalent causative agent of pediatric respiratory infections worldwide. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs against this virus. One of the major hurdles in hMPV research is the difficulty to identify a robust small animal model to accurately evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaccines and therapeutics. In this study, we compared the replication and pathogenesis of hMPV in BALB/c mice, Syrian golden hamsters, and cotton rats. It was found that BALB/c mice are not permissive for hMPV infection despite the use of a high dose (6.5 log10 PFU) of virus for intranasal inoculation. In hamsters, hMPV replicated efficiently in nasal turbinates but demonstrated only limited replication in lungs. In cotton rats, hMPV replicated efficiently in both nasal turbinate and lung when intranasally administered with three different doses (4, 5, and 6 log10 PFU) of hMPV. Lungs of cotton rats infected by hMPV developed interstitial pneumonia with mononuclear cells infiltrates and increased lumen exudation. By immunohistochemistry, viral antigens were detected at the luminal surfaces of the bronchial epithelial cells in lungs. Vaccination of cotton rats with hMPV completely protected upper and lower respiratory tract from wildtype challenge. The immunization also elicited elevated serum neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these results demonstrated that cotton rat is a robust small animal model for hMPV infection.
Relationship between the Growing Season Maximum Enhanced Vegetation Index and Climatic Factors on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shen Zhenxi , Fu Gang , Yu Chengqun , Sun Wei , Zhang Xianzhou
Published: July 2014

Temperature and water conditions affect vegetation growth dynamics and associated spectral measures. We examined the response of the growing season maximum enhanced vegetation index (MEVI) to the growing season temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure and relative humidity on the Tibetan Plateau. The responses of the MEVI to climatic factors changed with the vegetation type, which may be attributed to the finding that the background values and climatic factor changes varied with the type of vegetation. The spatially averaged MEVI over the entire plateau exhibited a non-significant decreasing trend. Approximately 5% and 12% of the vegetation area exhibited significant MEVI decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. Both vapor pressure and relative humidity significantly affected the MEVI, whereas the temperature and precipitation did not significantly correlate with the MEVI over the entire plateau. Specifically, the environmental humidity dominated the MEVI variation over the entire plateau.
Temperature Measurement in PV Facilities on a Per-Panel Scale
Authors: Martínez Miguel , Andújar José , Enrique Juan
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the design, construction and testing of an instrumentation system for temperature measurement in PV facilities on a per-panel scale (i.e., one or more temperature measurements per panel). Its main characteristics are: precision, ease of connection, immunity to noise, remote operation, easy scaling; and all of this at a very low cost. The paper discusses the advantages of temperature measurements in PV facilities on a per-panel scale. The paper presents the whole development to implementation of a real system that is being tested in an actual facility. This has enabled the authors to provide the readers with practical guidelines, which would be very difficult to achieve if the developments were implemented by just simulation or in a theoretical way. The instrumentation system is fully developed, from the temperature sensing to its presentation in a virtual instrument. The developed instrumentation system is able to work both locally and remotely connected to both wired and wireless network.
A Digital Multigate Doppler Method for High Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Qiu Weibao , Ye Zongying , Yu Yanyan , Chen Yan , Chi Liyang , Mu Peitian , Li Guofeng , Wang Congzhi , Xiao Yang , Dai Jiyan , Sun Lei , Zheng Hairong
Published: July 2014

Noninvasive visualization of blood flow with high frequency Doppler ultrasound has been extensively used to assess the morphology and hemodynamics of the microcirculation. A completely digital implementation of multigate pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler method was proposed in this paper for high frequency ultrasound applications. Analog mixer was eliminated by a digital demodulator and the same data acquisition path was shared with traditional B-mode imaging which made the design compact and flexible. Hilbert transform based quadrature demodulation scheme was employed to achieve the multigate Doppler acquisition. A programmable high frequency ultrasound platform was also proposed to facilitate the multigate flow visualization. Experimental results showed good performance of the proposed method. Parabolic velocity gradient inside the vessel and velocity profile with different time slots were acquired to demonstrate the functionality of the multigate Doppler. Slow wall motion was also recorded by the proposed method.
Experimental Energy Consumption of Frame Slotted ALOHA and Distributed Queuing for Data Collection Scenarios
Authors: Tuset-Peiro Pere , Vazquez-Gallego Francisco , Alonso-Zarate Jesus , Alonso Luis , Vilajosana Xavier
Published: July 2014

Data collection is a key scenario for the Internet of Things because it enables gathering sensor data from distributed nodes that use low-power and long-range wireless technologies to communicate in a single-hop approach. In this kind of scenario, the network is composed of one coordinator that covers a particular area and a large number of nodes, typically hundreds or thousands, that transmit data to the coordinator upon request. Considering this scenario, in this paper we experimentally validate the energy consumption of two Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, Frame Slotted ALOHA (FSA) and Distributed Queuing (DQ). We model both protocols as a state machine and conduct experiments to measure the average energy consumption in each state and the average number of times that a node has to be in each state in order to transmit a data packet to the coordinator. The results show that FSA is more energy efficient than DQ if the number of nodes is known a priori because the number of slots per frame can be adjusted accordingly. However, in such scenarios the number of nodes cannot be easily anticipated, leading to additional packet collisions and a higher energy consumption due to retransmissions. Contrarily, DQ does not require to know the number of nodes in advance because it is able to efficiently construct an ad hoc network schedule for each collection round. This kind of a schedule ensures that there are no packet collisions during data transmission, thus leading to an energy consumption reduction above 10% compared to FSA.
Sur deux produits alimentaires éthiopiens : la farine de Tef et la pâte d'Ensete
Authors: Ghiglione Claude , Lemordant Denis
Published: July 2014

A study of foods obtained from Eragrostis tef and Ensete ventricosum in Ethiopia together an analysis of their nutritional value.
A propos d'un ouvrage récent sur le Qât
Authors: Monod Théodore
Published: July 2014

A summary of information on Qât (Catha edulis) on the basis of a recent publication on this drug plant.
Les voyages du Henné
Authors: Aubaile-Sallenave Françoise
Published: July 2014

Le Henné, Lawsonia inermis L., est connu depuis la plus haute antiquité au Moyen Orient. Aujourd'hui, on le trouve largement répandu et utilisé de l'Afrique occidentale à l'Extrême-Orient. Nous essaierons de montrer depuis quand, comment, et à la faveur de quels mouvements et de quelle culture, c'est-à-dire l'Islam, cette plante dont on se teint les cheveux, la paume des mains et la plante des pieds en rouge, s'est répandue.
Le terroir et l'organisation sociale en zone Cèmuhî (Région de Touho, Nouvelle-Calédonie) : quelques questions d'anthropologie économique
Authors: Bensa Alban , Antheaume Benoît
Published: July 2014

This article speaks about the economical organization among the Kanaka of north-center of New Caledonia facing the total modalities of the political and social system functioning. Thus it appears that group competitions which take place in the limits of a political ideology opposing « chiefs » and « individuals » are not grounded on a food wealth accumulation but on : 1) the organization of the goods' trafic in the limits of noncommercial valued exchanges. 2) the control of rites which mark out the horticultural production cycle.
Note sur les rapports de production dans l'horticulture-arboriculture Yafar (Nouvelle-Guinée)
Authors: Juillerat Bernard
Published: July 2014

Parmi la grande diversité des économies vivrières de Nouvelle-Guinée, où les tubercules occupent d'ailleurs une place très variable, les Yafar du Sépik occidental représentent un système mixte où sagou d'abord, tubercules ensuite, sont les aliments de base. Le contrôle social de leur production est fondé sur une réciprocité intra-familiale et un système d'héritage et de redistribution des arbres fruitiers où les femmes ont leur place. Elles supportent cependant le poids de la production du sagou qui contrebalance idéologiquement la production cynégétique des hommes. Loin de passer par un contrôle du produit horticole lui-même, l'autorité s'élabore sur la transmission en ligne paternelle de fonctions religieuses secrètes, et sur un « arrangement » du mariage des jeunes par les « aînés ».
Pouvoir et contrôle du mil : greniers individuels et collectifs chez les montagnards Mofu (Afrique sahélienne)
Authors: Vincent Jeanne-Françoise
Published: July 2014

Le contrôle du mil en grains s'exerce chez les Mofu du Nord-Cameroun de la façon la plus rigoureuse au niveau de la famille restreinte. « Chef » de son habitation l'homme gère suivant son propre plan la totalité du mil - récolté par sa ou ses femmes, ses fils célibataires et lui-même - stocké en plusieurs greniers individuels. Le chef de « montagne » (le groupe politique rassemblant ces « chefs de maison ») manifeste, lui, son pouvoir sur le mil par d'autres biais. Il possède d'abord de grandes « plantations de chef » entretenues gratuitement par les différents quartiers. Ce mil-impôt sert à remplir, outre ses greniers personnels, des « greniers de prêt », propres aux chefs, utilisés surtout en temps de famine. L'existence de ces greniers collectifs renforce le pouvoir économique du chef ; elle ne le fonde pas. Par contre - seconde manifestation, autrement essentielle - le chef donne l'ordre de commencer les travaux des champs, et tous doivent le suivre. Pour les Mofu c'est donc le contrôle des activités agricoles qui, dans le domaine économique, apparaît comme essentiel à la notion de pouvoir politique.
Techniques et société chez les cultivateurs de tubercules : quelques réflexions critiques
Authors: Sigaut François
Published: July 2014

Cet article se veut essentiellement critique. L'auteur y conteste la valeur d'oppositions trop faciles (agri-/horticulture) qui déforment la réalité plus qu'elles ne permettent de l'analyser. La comparaison de sociétés différentes entre elles est également critiquée, dans la mesure où elle ne porte que sur l'état de ces sociétés à un certain moment, sans tenir compte des dynamiques historiques dont elles sont issues. Les mots eux-mêmes à l'aide desquels on exprime les termes du problème (autorité, domination, pouvoir) font l'objet d'une critique. La conclusion suggère que les mécanismes de l'émergence première des rapports de pouvoir diffèrent complètement de ceux de leur diffusion ultérieure, et que ces derniers seulement sont accessibles à l'observation, ethnologique ou historique.
L'Essartage chez les Yafar (Nouvelle-Guinée)
Authors: Juillerat Bernard
Published: July 2014

Les Yafar de la province du Sépik occidental de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée (200 personnes) pratiquent une horticulture semi-itinérante en milieu forestier humide. Des essarts familiaux sont ouverts annuellement mais la période de friche varie de 30 à 100 ans, pour une densité humaine de 5 hab./km2 ; 2 types de jardins sont distingués selon la longueur du cycle. Les techniques se caractérisent par une radicalisation des défrichements et des brûlis que l'auteur tente d'expliquer.
Commerce et henné. Identification, contrôle, fraudes, additifs
Authors: Lemordant Denis , Forestier J.P.
Published: July 2014

Après l'étude de la composition chimique du Henné Lawsonia inermis, l'auteur fait l'analyse descriptive des diverses plantes et produits entrant frauduleusement dans la poudre de Henné.
Contribution à l'étude de la pharmacopée zaïroise traditionnelle. Les Dilleniacées médicinales du Kasai occidental
Authors: Kankonde Mabika
Published: July 2014

Etude de trois espèces zaïroises du genre Tetracera, des Dilleniacées, lianes utilisées dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle de ce pays.
I — Mammifères, amphibiens, reptiles, insectes [Contribution à l'Ethnozoologie des Tamang du Massif du Ganesh Himal (Népal central)]
Authors: Toffin Gérard
Published: July 2014

The Tamangs of the Ganesh Himal area, in the Himalayas of Central Nepal, are settled on steep slopes which range from 1 500 to 5 000 meters in altitude. They live near large oak, conifer and birch forests, and are in close contact with varied and abundant fauna, which they learn about at an early age. Some animals are hunted for their meat, others for their fur, or for some product known for its medicinal properties. This contribution to the field of Ethnozoology aims to present a general overview of the Tamangs' knowledge of animal life, and also surveys their different uses of wild fauna.
Contribution à l'étude de la végétation et de la flore du Burkina Faso (ex Haute-Volta). Origine botanique de quelques outils et objets artisanaux en bois
Authors: Guinko S.
Published: July 2014

De nombreux outils et objets artisanaux du Burkina Faso sont confectionnés avec le bois de diverses plantes. Des indications sont données sur les espèces végétales spontanées qui servent de matériaux de base dans la fabrication de ces objets.
Fabriquer du sel
Authors: Gouletquer Pierre
Published: July 2014

Depuis le Néolithique, en Europe, l'homme s'est ingénié à inventer des procédés qui lui permettent d'extraire les sels de leurs supports naturels, eaux, terres salées et plantes. Aujourd'hui encore largement utilisées un peu partout dans le monde, les différentes techniques illustrent toutes la nécessité de réduire la durée de la cristallisation par une concentration préalable des saumures. Inspirées des recettes domestiques d'utilisation des corps salés, ces inventions permettent de répondre à des demandes autres que la simple appétence ou le besoin physiologique : elles sont complémentaires d'autres techniques (conservation des aliments, intérêt pour le bétail, rôle symbolique, valeur monétaire, produits alimentaires, etc.). C'est parce qu'ils entrent dans des systèmes techniques complexes que les sels sont et ont été de puissants enjeux économiques.
Miels, miellats, miellées
Authors: Marchenay Philippe
Published: July 2014

L' «histoire naturelle» du miel reste aujourd'hui encore ignorée de beaucoup dès lors que l'on entre dans les détails de ses origines et de ses propriétés de base. Ce produit est issu de l'association originale et complexe du monde végétal et du monde animal. Les sources de production comme les procédés de transformation sont multiples. Nectar, miel, miellée, miellat et manne correspondent chacun à une réalité biologique différente. La grande variété des miels va de pair avec la diversité des espèces florales productrices de nectar. Mais il ne faut pas oublier que le miel renvoie également à une profession reposant sur l'élevage des abeilles : l'apiculture.
Le sucré dans les livres de cuisine français, du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Flandrin Jean-Louis
Published: July 2014

The analysis of cookbooks suggests that contrary to their Western European neigh- bors, the French of the fourteenth century did not hâve a taste for sweet things. Later, the constant expansion of sugar consumption shows that they did acquire a taste for sweets. However, beginning in the seventeenth century, an increasingly clear distinction is made between which foods can be sweetened and which can be salted. Their position within the course of a meal was specified with greater and greater précision.
A propos du goûter de confitures offert par Richelieu à Marie de Médicis
Authors: Gaulin Chantal
Published: July 2014

From the basis of a little known description of a court festival at the beginning of the seventeenth century, we have been led to investigate the composition and instructions for making jams and what was meant by the word jam at the time. We also wanted to illustrate the role these sweet courses played in banquets, compared to what they represent to what they represent to us today.
De l'Antiquité au monde Moderne : Le sel du baptême. Avatar d'un rite, complexité d'un symbole
Authors: Tarot Camille
Published: July 2014

L'Antiquité a énormément valorisé le sel, mais différemment selon les cultures et les époques. Bien que nécessaire, le sel a plusieurs significations, dont aucune n'est universelle. Le christianisme, à ses débuts peu préoccupé du sel, finit par l'introduire dans son rituel du catéchuménat en Afrique du Nord, vers le IVe siècle. Les péripéties du catéchuménat et de l'acculturation du christianisme au monde latin et germanique transformèrent ce sel en remède et en exorcisme jusqu'à sa récente disparition du rituel catholique.
Le sel d'alliance
Authors: Aubaile-Sallenave Françoise
Published: July 2014

Une des formes de l'alliance et de la protection dans les populations du Moyen Orient et d'Afrique du nord est connotée par le partage de nourriture et s'exprime métaphoriquement ou non par le partage du sel.
Real-time ultrasound and freehand-SPECT
Authors: Winkens T. , Opfermann T. , Elsner P. , Runnebaum I. , Darr A. , Freesmeyer M.
Published: July 2014

Aim of this work is to report first experiences of the feasibility and applicability of a hybrid freehandSPECT/ultrasound (fh-SPECT/US) imaging concept, with regard to SLN imaging, in patients with breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Patients, methods: 18 patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma received standard SLN scintigraphy. Following this, fh-SPECT using declipse®SPECT (SurgicEye, Munich, Germany) was performed, a handheld-gamma camera-based method to visualize activity distribution within a region of interest as a cross-sectional data set. These data were transferred to an ultrasound device and sensor-navigated ultrasound was performed combining fhSPECT data with ultrasound images, displaying superimposed images. Quality of fh- SPECT and co-registration accuracy was assigned to one of four categories and occurrence of artefacts was assessed. Results: In 4/18 examinations, there was a no deviation regarding co-registration of both data sets. For 9/18 patients, there was a deviation of <1 cm (mean 0.7±0.3 cm, range 0.3–1.0 cm). For 3/18 patients, a deviation >1 cm was present (mean 1.7±0.3 cm, range 1.5–2.0 cm). In 2/18 examinations no lymph node was found in the region of highest activity. Fh-SPECT reconstruction artifacts occurred in 6/18 examinations. Conclusion: The fusion imaging concept combining SLN information with ultrasound images presented here proves to be feasible and technically successful. However, significant technical limitations were shown in fh-SPECT quality and fusion precision. Subject to technical optimisation of SPECT quality and co-registration, a meaningful contribution to the preoperative planning of lymph node therapy is imaginable. Thus, fundamentally a preoperative histological examination by fh-SPECT/US-guided biopsy is possible.
Trade-offs in sensitivity and sampling depth in bimodal atomic force microscopy and comparison to the trimodal case
Authors: Eslami Babak , Ebeling Daniel , Solares Santiago D
Published: July 2014

This paper presents experiments on Nafion® proton exchange membranes and numerical simulations illustrating the trade-offs between the optimization of compositional contrast and the modulation of tip indentation depth in bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM). We focus on the original bimodal AFM method, which uses amplitude modulation to acquire the topography through the first cantilever eigenmode, and drives a higher eigenmode in open-loop to perform compositional mapping. This method is attractive due to its relative simplicity, robustness and commercial availability. We show that this technique offers the capability to modulate tip indentation depth, in addition to providing sample topography and material property contrast, although there are important competing effects between the optimization of sensitivity and the control of indentation depth, both of which strongly influence the contrast quality. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the two eigenmodes can be highly coupled in practice, especially when highly repulsive imaging conditions are used. Finally, we also offer a comparison with a previously reported trimodal AFM method, where the above competing effects are minimized.