bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM INFORMASI PERSEDIAAN DAN PENJUALAN KOSMETIK DI BELBEL COLECTION BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Berliana Homsah Puspa Dewi  , Arif Hadi Sumitro  , Abdul Haris  , Djuniharto  , Moch Najib
Published: June 2022

Di era digital seperti saat ini semua kegiatan banyak dilakukan secara online termasuk pelaku bisnis penjualan, salah satunya di Belbel Colection. Belbel Colection merupakan salah satu usaha di bidangpenjualan yang mana pada toko ini menjual produk kosmetik. Selama ini dalam proses transaksi dilakukan secara umum, seperti pelanggan datang dan melakukan transaksi secara langsung. Dalam hal mencatatan stok produk juga masih dilakukan secara manual. Hal ini membuat perkembangan penjualannya kurang pesat karena mangsa pemasarannya tidak banyak. Dari masalah tersebut perlu dibuatnya sistem informasi persediaan dan penjualan kosmetik berbasis website dengan menggunakan wordpress. Dengan adanya sistem informasi di harapkan mampu mempermudah dalam pencatatan stok persedian, promosi secara online dan meningkatkan penjualan kosmetik dan memperluas daerah pemasaran.
PEMBUATAN ANIMASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TENTANG PERANG DIPONEGORO DENGAN METODE UCD (User Centered Design)
Authors: Muhammad Lutfi Efrian  , Rachman Yulianto  , Rudi Hartono  , Solehatin
Published: June 2022

Sekolah merupakan tempat belajar bagi para siswa, akan tetapi ada banyak siswa yang merasa kurang menangkap materi dalam belajar di sekolah apalagi pelajaran sejarah, dikarenakan membosankan atau mungkin cara guru mereka menerangkan secara manual atau dengan cara menulis kurang cocok bagi mereka, hingga materi yang menurut mereka sulit dipahami jika hanya di tulis di sebuah papan tulis yang kurang menarik bagi mereka. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka dibuatlah sebuah animasi yang nantinya akan membuat belajar para siswa ini menarik, yaitu dengan dibuatkannya animasi media pembelajaran tentang sejarah indonesia dengan metode UCD (User Centered Design) untuk menarik minat para siswa dalam belajar. Diharapkan dengan adanya animasi media pembelajaran tentang sejarah indonesia ini para siswa lebih memahami dan lebih semangat untuk mempelajari tentang sejarah indonesia yang di kemas dengan cara yang lebih menarik.
EFEITOS ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIOS DA Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl
Authors: Lima Silvânia Narielly Araújo , Araújo Amanda Geovana Pereira de , Araújo Tainá Oliveira de , Rodrigues Anne Wirginne de Lima , Santos Igor Luiz Vieira de Lima
Published: June 2022

O uso de anti-inflamatórios está aumentando a cada dia, no entanto, muitos deles são formulados com base sintética, causando diversos efeitos colaterais. Com isso, vê-se a importância da utilização de produtos naturais, os quais apresentam diversas propriedades e causam menos efeitos colaterais. Dentre os produtos naturais destaca-se a Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl devido às suas diversas propriedades benéficas, especialmente pelo efeito anti-inflamatório do seu extrato. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a potente atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato da A. chica. Para tal, foram utilizados diferentes bancos de dados, como SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed, dentre outros, para seleção dos trabalhos em diferentes idiomas. Diversos estudos demonstraram que as antocianinas, que são flavonoides, presentes na A. chica fazem com que essa planta apresente diversas propriedades, em especial, uma potente atividade anti-inflamatória, por diminuir a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias enquanto aumenta a produção da citocina anti-inflamatória e imunossupressora. Além disso, estudos também revelaram que o extrato dessa planta tem um maior efeito anti-inflamatório, confirmando o que vem sendo descrito na medicina popular. Portanto, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho estimulam o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos sobre plantas medicinais, especialmente sobre a A. chica, a fim de elucidar os mecanismos de ação envolvidos nas atividades anti-inflamatórias identificadas, além de reforçar suas potentes ações terapêuticas.
APPROACHING CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT – SOME CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Wolanin Jerzy , Telak Oksana , Muhic Sefik
Published: June 2022

As one of the objectives of the CASCADE project is to carry out a cost-benefit analysis to enhance
resilience, in order to develop the CCRA (Climate Change Risk Assessment) methodology, the
guidelines include a capacity analysis. The ability to adapt to change or to respond in the event
of a disaster, as well as the ability to recover from damage within a specified timeframe, are key
elements of resilience. Because changes are inevitable, the investment in these three elements is
necessary. This is due to the fact that disaster scenarios are uncertain and the question arises as to
how to invest in risk reduction to reach a satisfactory goal. The proposal comprised by the CCRA
guidelines is to use the game theory. Actually, this proposal is a part of game theory, namely Game
with Nature where Nature is not interested in benefit and probability of Nature State in future is
unknown. As there are many possibilities of Nature State a probability that a correct investment
decision would be made is low. To a much greater extent the decision will be wrong or almost
wrong in the case of an optimised decision. The only thing the decision maker can do is randomly
select investments or apply the game theory to minimise his sense of loss.
High frequency percussive ventilation: An asset to existing ventilation modi in intraoperative care?
Authors: Rijckaert L , Moerman A , Vandenheuvel M
Published: June 2022

High frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is a ventilation mode that combines positive pressure ventilation with some advantages of high frequency ventilation. During HFPV, a pulsatile flow is generated with high frequency and low volumes. HFPV has been used in the intensive care unit (ICU) for several decades, in case of insufficient conventional positive pressure ventilation. However, literature on its use in intraoperative care is scarce. We hypothesize that HFPV might be a better alternative to existing ventilation modi during selected operative procedures or in patients with severely compromised pulmonary and/or cardiac function. In this paper, we explain the HFPV system, we zoom in on the physiological effects of HFPV, and we describe its potential role in the intraoperative setting. Results of existing studies show that, compared to other conventional ventilation modes, HFPV improves oxygenation and ventilation without jeopardizing hemodynamics. However, because of the low quality evidence regarding physiological effects and clinical effectiveness, and due to the complicated design and set-up of the HFPV ventilator, the use of HFPV in intraoperative care is currently very limited. We conclude that HFPV could potentially be an interesting ventilation mode for procedures requiring minimal respiratory motion or low airway pressures, however larger (comparative) study trials are required to evaluate its usability in the operating room in patients with compromised pulmonary and/or cardiac function.
Professional competencies of nursing personnel in maternal and newborn care: a comparative study in the Neonatology and Obstetrics
Authors: Noemi Miranda Delma
Published: June 2022

Introduction: competencies are understood as an integrated combination of knowledge skills and attitudes conducive to adequate and timely performance in various contexts of the health team.
Objective: to carry out a comparative analysis of the competencies of the nursing staff in the care of the mother and newborn in the Neonatology and Obstetrics services.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. The sample consisted of 65 nurses from a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, of whom 34 belonged to the Neonatology service and 31 to the Obstetrics service.
Results: 84,62 % were female, the average age was 45,09±9,94, and 63,08 % had a degree in Nursing. Higher values were obtained in the obstetrics service in the three dimensions; on the other hand, there were significant differences between the own and crossed competencies in both the Neonatology and Obstetrics services (intra-service competencies); and on the other hand, no differences were found between the values of the own and crossed competencies between services (inter-service competencies). It can be affirmed that the nursing staff of the obstetrics service possesses as a whole higher own and cross competency than those of the neonatology staff.
Conclusions: in this study it was found that the staff of the Obstetrics area possesses overall higher number of competencies in maternal and infant care with respect to that of Neonatology
Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers on Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Children in the Work Area of the Kawatuna Health Center
Authors: Badariati Badariati , Sino Nur Amelia
Published: June 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infectious disease transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito as the main vector and Aedes Albopictus as a potential vector. The knowledge and attitudes of a mother become a benchmark for the mother's awareness of preventing transmission. Efforts to prevent transmission need to be made to reduce the risk of this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and mothers’ attitudes regarding the prevention of dengue fever in children in the work area of the Kawatuna Health Center 2022. The research method used was quantitative using a cross-sectional approach with a population of 35 mothers with children 6-12 years old and the sample used was 25. respondents. The measuring instrument in this study is a questionnaire and the analysis used in univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the respondents in the good category, namely 22 respondents (88%), and for attitudes, namely there were 20 respondents (80%) who had a positive attitude, and there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers' attitudes about preventing dengue fever in children. 6-12 years old in the work area of the Kawatuna Health Center with a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. Mothers in the work area of the Kawatuna Health Center are in the independent category, and have a positive attitude, and there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the attitude of mothers toward preventing dengue fever
Edukasi Dan Mobilisasi (ROM) pada Lansia Penderita Stroke dengan Audio Visual di Panti Jompo Welas Asih Tasikmalaya
Authors: Kusumawaty Jajuk , Nurapandi Adi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Stroke is a cardiovascular disease which is globally estimated in 2030, 25 million sufferers will end up with death. Problems that usually occur in post-stroke patients are paralysis in part of the body, stiffness or weakness in muscles. One of the actions that can be taken is to increase knowledge in patients by providing education using audio-visual-based media about ROM (Range of Motion) in order to accelerate the healing process.
Objective: To provide education and mobilization of ROM for  elderly with stroke using audio visuals at the Welas Asih Nursing Home in Tasikmalaya.
Method:: The method in this activity is counseling, video delivery and guided practice. Participants  were 23 elderly stroke patients. This community dedication implemented on Saturday, April 03, 2021, at the Welas Asih Nursing Home in Tasikmalaya.
Result: The success of this service can be seen from the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the elderly who play an active role in evaluating the material that has been delivered.
Conclussion: The implementation of service activities was carried out smoothly, all participants were committed to carrying out all the recommendations to help accelerate stroke recovery
Teachers’ Readiness for e-Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic, South Africa
Authors: Skhephe Melikhaya
Published: June 2022

The event of the COVID-19 pandemic and the respective implementation of social distancing protocols resulted in a rapid transition to online teaching and learning for most education institutions around the world, independent of whether teachers were prepared. The Corona Virus Disease −19 (COVID-19) has interrupted educational processes worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 on the educational system has gained crucial relevance in research, with the intention of identifying a scientifically based solution to this problem. This study is based on the notion that, while the pandemic’s effect is broad, a unit-level analysis can provide some insight. As a result, this study thus investigated the teachers’ readiness for e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach, in particular a case study research design was employed, with sampling consisting of six teachers being purposively and conveniently selected. The findings revealed that teachers do not understand what e-learning is all about and how it can be implemented within the classroom. Another finding was that classrooms do not promote e-learning. The researchers recommend that; education officials need to organize continuous e-learning workshops for teachers. Classrooms need to be redesigned in order to promote e-learning.
Effect of Welding Variables on the Quality of Weldments
Authors: A. Fouad Ramy , Ahmed Ali Essam , Ramadan Shaaban Ahmed , E. El-Nikhaily Ahmed
Published: June 2022

The effect of nitrogen addition, heat input, and filler metals on weld metal microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy 316 ASS are studied. Autogenous gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is employed by adding up to 2vol. % N2 in Ar. These variables affect a number of welding aspects, including arc characteristics and microstructure. The influence of shielding gas mixtures on microstructure and mechanical properties of GTAW of austenitic 316 stainless steel is studied. Mechanical properties of welds are determined through uniaxial tension, hardness measurements, impact, and bending tests. Weld defects, as porosity and inclusions are examined using radiographic testing. Weld specimens are free of porosity, inclusions, and hydrogen cracking. Mechanical properties and cooling rate are lower at higher heat input, but the cooling time, nugget area, and solidification time are higher. The addition of N2 to Ar shielding gas leads to higher values of the ultimate tensile strength ‘UTS’, yield stress ‘YS’, and elongation percent. UTS, YS, and elongation of welds depend on heat input, filler metal, and N2 content of shielding gas. Finally, a mathematical model is built depending upon the welding current, filler metals, and shielding gases.
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: The Role of Adiposity and Serum Adipokines
Authors: Tijani Bawah Ahmed , Bawah Abdul-Malik , Issah Zorro Ruhaima
Published: June 2022

The goal of this study was to determine serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and lipids in pregnant women during the first trimester and to examine the link between these biochemical markers and preeclampsia (PE). Changes in the levels of these adipokines occur in PE, hence this study looked into the possibility of employing these biomarkers to predict the disease. This study compared first-trimester serum biochemical and anthropometric markers in pregnant women with PE to the controls. After 20 weeks of pregnancy, blood pressure and urine protein were measured, and a PE diagnosis was made according to American Heart Association criteria. Generally, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the biochemical markers between the PEs and the controls. Even after correcting for body mass index (BMI) and family history of hypertension, analyses of area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the adipokines revealed their capacity to reliably predict PE. After adjusting for BMI, it emerged that adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin were significant predictors of PE, with resistin being the best predictor. After controlling for BMI, age, parity, and family history of diabetes and preeclampsia, adiponectin was the greatest predictor.
Enterococcal Infections: Recent Nomenclature and Emerging Trends
Authors: Raja Kavita
Published: June 2022

Enterococci are an emerging infectious threat both in the community and in the hospital, being hardy survivors, acquiring antibiotic resistance rapidly. This chapter will describe the evolution of enterococci from being rarely encountered pathogens to being a formidable pathogen in the modern era of multiple devices, complicated surgery and immunosuppression. Enterococci have been moved from the genus streptococci to the genus enterococcus based on genomic characteristics that make them different from streptococci. Several genotyping methods have been evolved for tracking them as they are major hospital acquired pathogens. They cause myriad infections like infective endocarditis, wound infections, urinary tract infections and surgical site infections. They are capable of biofilm formation that causes persistence at the site of infection. E. faecalis and E. faecium are the most common isolates and they are acquiring Vancomycin resistance at a rapid rate. While reporting susceptibility to antibiotics, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards have to be followed.
Perspective Chapter: Evolution of Techniques to Assess Vascular Impedance in Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: L. Hungerford Sara , Nayya Dhruv , S. Hansen Peter , Bhindi Ravinay , Choong Christopher
Published: June 2022

Aortic stenosis (AS) once was conceptualized as a mechanical problem with a fixed left ventricular (LV) afterload because of an obstructive valve. With time, there has been growing recognition that AS functions more like a series circuit, with important contributions from the ventricle through to the vasculature. Emerging evidence suggests that higher blood pressure and increased arterial stiffness, synonymous with vascular aging, increases global LV afterload in patients with AS. This in turn, has adverse consequences on quality-of-life measures and survival. Although traditional methods have emphasized measurement of the transvalvular pressure gradient, focusing on valvular hemodynamics alone may be inadequate. By definition, total vascular load of the human circulation includes both steady and pulsatile components. Steady load is best represented by the systemic vascular resistance whereas pulsatile load occurs because of wave reflections and vascular stiffness, and is often referred to as the valvulo-arterial impedance. In the following Review, we evaluate existing and upcoming methods to assess vascular load in patients with AS in order to better understand the effects of vascular aging on this insidious disease process.
Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Insulin Resistance: Recent Updates and Future Challenges
Authors: Singh Atamjit , Ghai Nikhita , Mohinder Singh Bedi Preet
Published: June 2022

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which insulin-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism in body tissues (primarily liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) becomes disrupted. IR is a characteristic marker of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. IR is generally associated with metabolic abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, hyperlipidemia and obesity. IR can arise from pathological, genetic and environmental factors or from a combination of these factors. Studies conducted in recent decades showcase the important role of adipose tissue in the development of IR via release of lipids and different circulating factors. These extracellular factors influence the intracellular levels of intermediates including ceramide and various lipids that influence the cell responsiveness to insulin. These intermediates are suggested to promote IR via inhibition of one or more components of insulin signaling pathway (e.g., insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate proteins). This chapter will shed light on various molecular mechanisms and factors contributing to IR, which will help the researchers to design potential therapeutic strategies and interventions for efficiently managing IR and its related disorders.
The Electronic Cigarette Use in Canada – Local and Global Considerations
Authors: Dahal Rudra
Published: June 2022

Since its invention in 2003, electronic cigarettes’ (EC) users have been growing worldwide. ECs were first introduced in the market in Canada in 2004, and they remained illegal until 2018. ECs were initially marketed as a safer and cleaner alternative for the traditional combustible smoking and smoking cessation measures. Statistics show that EC use prevalence is the highest among the youths (15–19) and adolescents (20–24) years of age. EC has to promote cessation as it supplies nicotine to smokers prevent nicotine withdrawal syndrome and reduce motivation to continue smoking. EC use becomes a gateway to tobacco use and nicotine addiction. Nicotine exposure to youth and adolescents can damage the developing brain. EC use is also associated with an increased heart attack rate and other health problems. There are various reasons for using ECs, such as curiosity, quitting combustible smoking, or cutting down the number of cigarette use. Many people start ECs use before the age of 19 years. Majority of vapers like fruit flavor. Dual combustible cigarette smoking and EC use is a burning issue globally, including in Canada.
Recent Advances in Biosensing in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: T. Banigo Alma , A. Nnadiekwe Chigozie , M. Beasi Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biosensors act as analytical devices that combine biological elements with electrical components to generate a measurable signal. The application of biosensing in the nearest future may need high performance, incorporation of biosensors into feedback-based devices, advanced diagnostics as well as detection of toxins. These functionalities will aid the biosensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and the ability to detect multiple analytes. With the newly improved strategies in fabrication, sensors may develop high spatial sensitivity and draw us near actualizing capable devices. Although biosensors have been produced in past years, there are still pending challenges such as scale-up process and long-term stability of commercial products that should be addressed. This review will also involve the application of additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D bioprinting to produce world-recognized biosensors. We will focus on some bioprinting techniques including laser direct-write and also consider microfluidic tissue engineering which can sense biomolecules in the miniaturized tissue constructs in real time at quite low concentration through different sensing systems. We also review its advances in mobile Health (mhealth) technologies for detection and monitoring as biosensors are produced with living cells encapsulated in 3D microenvironments. These advances and many more will, however, grow the community of biosensors and their availability in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Perspective Chapter: Parathyroid Glands in Dentistry
Authors: Delantoni Antigoni
Published: June 2022

Parathyroid glands are found adjacent to the thyroid, produce parathyroid hormone, and regulate with their function serum calcium levels. Parathyroid conditions are encountered in dentistry as in other health sciences. In dentistry, however, since they are not so frequently observed or encountered they are often not diagnosed, or not identified. Many patients, though they have a known history of parathyroid gland disorders or conditions, often neglect to mention it to the dentist, or in many cases the dentist omits it in the medical history section, and since in most cases they are often unaware of the dental findings, the conditions and malfunction of the glands may clinically present at patients. The dentists and medical practitioners should note in those patients, in cases of hyperparathyroidism possible brown tumors of the jaws, and in cases of hypothyroidism short stature, developmental disturbances, teeth development disturbances, etc. In this chapter, the major findings of the disorders of parathyroid glands are noted and reported as well as thoroughly described with clinical and dental radiographic findings of the conditions.
Ancient Greco-Roman Views of Ecology, Sustainability, and Extinction: Aristotle, Stoicism, Pliny the Elder on Silphium, the Modern Legacy in Cuvier, Humboldt, Darwin, and beyond
Authors: Robertson Paul , Pollaro Paul
Published: June 2022

The ancient herb silphium is known as the first recorded species extinction, documented by Pliny the Elder in the first-century CE. Pliny, however, was an outlier among his peers; the predominant religious and scientific views of his time understood extinction as only local and/or temporary. Frameworks ranging from Aristotle to Stoicism understood ecology as occurring within a divinely natural order, whose broader realities humans could only influence in a limited way. We are therefore able to identify two distinct poles of Stoic scientific and religious thought around ecology: The first, drawing from Aristotle, sees nature as divinely providential and hierarchical, allowing for higher-order beings such as humans to freely extract from an self-replenishing environment; the second, with Pliny and others, understands nature more holistically and argues that humans’ ecological activity can be irreversibly destructive and should therefore be sustainable. We then explore how these two poles of thought extend all the way into the nineteenth century. There, a similar debate occurs in the views of Alexander von Humboldt, Charles Darwin, and Georges Cuvier, all foundational voices around the relationship between religion, science, and ecology that influentially shaped modern environmental views on humanity’s proper relationship to nature.
Dynamics, Anomalies and Boundaries of the Forest-Savanna Transition: A Novel Remote Sensing-Based Multi-Angles Methodology Using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Homère Ngandam Mfondoum Alfred , Casimir Njombissie Petcheu Igor , Chamberlain Lounang Tchatchouang Frederic , Moutila Beni Luc , Tchindjang Mesmin , Valery Mefire Mfondoum Jean
Published: June 2022

This chapter proposes a remote sensing multi-angles methodology to assess the transition at the interface of the forest-savanna land cover. On Sentinel2-A median images of successive dry seasons, three referential and nine analytical spectral indices were computed. The change vector analysis (CVA) was performed, selecting further one magnitude per index. The averaged moving standard deviation index (aMSDI) was proposed to compare spatial intensity of anomalies among selected CVA, and then statistically assessed through spatial and no-spatial autoregression tests. The cross-correlation and simple linear combination (SCL) computations spotted the overall anomaly extent. Three machine learning algorithms, i.e., classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), helped mapping the distribution of each specie. As result, the CVA confirmed each index ability to add new information. The aMSDI gave the harmonized interval [0–0.083] among CVA, confirmed with all p−values=0, z−scores>2.5, clustering of anomaly pixel,and adjusted R2≤0.19. Three trends of vegetation distribution were distinguished with 88.7% overall accuracy and 0.86 kappa coefficient. Finally, extremely affected areas were spotted in upper latitudes towards Sahel and desert.
Comparative Senescence and Lifespan
Authors: M. Heshmati Hassan
Published: June 2022

The word senescence is derived from the Latin word “senex” (meaning old). In biology, senescence is a process by which a cell ages and permanently stops dividing. Senescence is a natural universal phenomenon affecting all living organisms (e.g., humans, animals, and plants). It is the process of growing old (aging). The underlying mechanisms of senescence and aging at the cellular level are not fully understood. Senescence is a multifactorial process that can be induced by several stimuli including cellular stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and oncogene activation. The most popular theory to explain aging is the free radical theory. Senescence plays a role in the development of several age-related chronic diseases in humans (e.g., ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer). Lifespan is a biological characteristic of every species. The lifespan of living organisms ranges from few hours (with mayfly) to potential eternity (with jellyfish and hydra). The maximum theoretical lifespan in humans is around 120 years. The lifespan in humans is influenced by multiple factors including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, environmental, metabolic, and endocrine factors. There are several ways to potentially extend the lifespan of humans and eventually surpass the maximum theoretical lifespan of 120 years. The tools that can be proposed include lifestyle, reduction of several life-threatening diseases and disabilities, hormonal replacement, antioxidants, autophagy inducers, senolytic drugs, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy.
The Role of Macrophages in Controlling the Adaptive Response to Injury: Regeneration Vs. Scarring
Authors: Feldman Dale
Published: June 2022

This chapter will cover the apparent role macrophages play in orchestrating the adaptive response to injury. The chapter will first explore the differences in adaptive response to injury for fetal vs. adult wound healing. In addition, the differences in adaptive response between animals that regenerate vs. ones that heal more by scarring. This information will be used to propose a theory of how to control the adaptive response by controlling the macrophages response. Part of this theory will be what is the evolutionary change in macrophages that tips the scale between regeneration and scarring as well as what is different about the response of macrophages in fetal vs. adult wound healing. The body responds to changes (stimuli) with an adaptive response. Additional stimuli can be added to an injury to alter the response of macrophages to effect the overall adaptive response. The theory developed helped to explain why specific strategies to control the adaptive response are successful.
Cytotoxic Activity of Secondary Metabolite Compounds from Myanmar Medicinal Plants
Authors: Nay Win Tun Khun , Siti Aminah Nanik , Novi Kristanti Alfinda , Thanda Aung Hnin , Takaya Yoshiaki
Published: June 2022

Plants are the storage place for many active ingredients that are currently used in pharmaceuticals. Proofs have been expanded for ages to indicate the profitable capacity of medicinal plants used in various infections, especially for cancer treatment. The plants, Chromolaena odorata (Family Asteraceae), Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (Family Euphorbiaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Family Menispermaceae), Melastoma malabathricum L. (Family Melastomaceae), and Dioscorea bulbifera (Family Dioscoreaceae) have been used for a long time in Myanmar’s traditional medicine. This study aimed to review systematically the cytotoxic activity of the whole plants and their extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from these selected medicinal plants. This chapter also be substantiated for additional analysis on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of therapeutic plants species in Myanmar.
A Short Overview on Hearing Loss and Related Auditory Defects
Authors: Khan Hina , Idrees Hafiza , Munir Zunaira , Ramzan Memoona
Published: June 2022

Hearing is the ability of a person to recognize sound in the surroundings and it makes communication possible. Ear is the human organ serving as a transducer that perceives signals from the environment and converts it into detectable forms for interpretation by the brain. The auditory system is among one of the most highly studied systems. Researchers have described the physiological function of the system in detail but due to its complexity, the genetic mechanisms and genes implicated in auditory function are still being revealed. Numerous studies on the genetics of hearing indicate hearing loss as one of the most common and prevalent disorders as it affects approximately five million people worldwide. Besides hearing loss, there are several other pathologies of auditory system which are common and have an established genetic basis. In this chapter, we will introduce the genetics of some common auditory pathologies including syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss, auditory neuropathy, age-related hearing loss, and tinnitus. These understandings will 1 day lead to better diagnosis, management, and cures.
Evacuation Guidance Assistance System Using Emitting Sound
Authors: Miyoshi Tetsuya
Published: June 2022

The goal of our research is developing an evacuation guidance system that emits sounds on a set of loudspeakers in a spatial sequence to achieve rapid evacuation in emergency situations. For this goal, we evaluate the auditory recognition properties of emitting sounds and their ability to make evacuees follow the movement of sound stimuli in this chapter. We conduct three experiments to assess the proposed evacuation guidance method. The first and the second ones are done to investigate the recognition properties of the positions and directions of the emitting sound stimuli. The third one is done to evaluate the ability to guide evacuees to exit using the emitting sound in the spatial sequence. In the first experiment, we consider whether the four factors related to the sound-emitting method affect the identification of the emitting sound stimuli. Additionally, we investigate the patterns of emitted sounds that can easily recognize their position and direction. In the third experiment, we consider whether the evacuee can follow the emitting sound on a set of loudspeakers in spatial sequence. Moreover, it is discussed that the proposed guidance system provided a more detailed evacuation route for evacuees.
Geomechanics of Geological Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Feng Yongcun , Zhang Shui
Published: June 2022

Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) is an effective way to fight against global warming by capturing and injecting CO2 into geological formations to ensure permanent storage as well as to prevent the environmental and health threats posed by carbon dioxide emissions. Security has been a key factor in the social acceptance of this technology, besides the issues related to economics. From a scientific point of view, the safety issues during CO2 injection and long-term storage are highly related to geomechanics. This chapter provides a basic knowledge of the geomechanical issues involved in the GCS process to increase the understanding of safety issues and to improve the social acceptance of the technology among researchers and those interested in the technology.
Psychometric Analysis of an Instrument to Study Retention in Engineering
Authors: J. Reid Kenneth
Published: June 2022

Although engineering programs admit highly qualified students with strong academic credentials, retention in engineering remains lower than most other programs of study. Addressing retention by modeling student success shows promise. Instruments incorporating noncognitive attributes have proven to be more accurate than those using only cognitive variables in predicting student success. The Student Attitudinal Success Instrument (SASI-I), a survey assessing nine specific noncognitive constructs, was developed based largely on existing, validated instruments. It was designed to collect data on affective (noncognitive) characteristics for incoming engineering students (a) that can be collected prior to the first year and (b) for which higher education institutions may have an influence during students’ first year of study. This chapter will focus on the psychometric analysis of this instrument. Three years of data from incoming first-year engineering students were collected and analyzed. This work was conducted toward investigating the following research questions: Do the scale scores of the instrument demonstrate evidence of reliability and validity, and what is the normative taxonomy of the scale scores of first-year engineering students across multiple years? Further, to what extent did the overall affective characteristics change over the first year of study?
Fundamentals of Irrigation Methods and Their Impact on Crop Production
Authors: Oluwasegun Olamide Fawibe , Abidemi Olalekan Bankole , Uthman Tobi Sokunbi , Abdulwakiil Adeyemi Mustafa , Oladipupo Julius Joseph , Kehinde Oluwaseyi Fawibe
Published: June 2022

Water is the most precious resource on earth which is the sustenance of life. However, the competition for available water resources has intensified due to climate change and increase in global population. With a significant decrease in freshwater availability for crop production, agriculturists are open to innovation that could help save water and maximize crop production per unit drop of water. To ensure food security of a growing population, crop cultivation practices have continued to incorporate water-saving irrigation techniques to cope with water deficits, and increase crop production in an eco-friendly environment. This chapter discussed the different irrigation types based on driven-force and their specific advantages; fertigation; designing irrigation systems and scheduling of irrigation; water conservation through mulching; and water management for sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The introduction of water-saving techniques and their successful application has significantly reduced water loss through unproductive outflows and increase water and nutrients use efficiencies thereby promoting crop production. However, to achieve more success in the future, deliberate policy by government on irrigation and immense contributions from scientists would be required.
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Regulation in the Progression of Neurological and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Dover Mary , Kishek Michael , Eddins Miranda , Desar Naneeta , Paul Ketema , Fiala Milan
Published: June 2022

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which ranges from inhibition of protein synthesis to apoptosis. ER stress is induced in general by aggregated autologous or foreign (e.g. viral) proteins, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of intracellular calcium, or inflammation. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the known stressors are aggregated amyloid-beta and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), respectively, but autologous DNA released by trauma into the cytoplasm may also be involved in ALS. In HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), ER stress is induced by HIV-1 and antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, in cases of epilepsy, ER stress has been implicated in neuronal dysfunction. In this chapter, we examine a clinical and immunologic approach to ER stress in the progression of neurological and infectious diseases. In addition, we will briefly discuss emerging treatments including omega fatty acids, progesterone, and DHA, which repair and favorably regulate UPR in some patients with neurological diseases.
The Metaphysics of Speculative Materialism
Authors: Dalton Drew M. ,   DePaul University
Published: June 2022

Much has been made of the so-called “empirical turn” of “speculative materialism” with thinkers like Quentin Meillassoux championing the material sciences as a new route to absolute reality. According to Meillassoux, the material sciences “provide philosophers access once again to the great outdoors, the absolute outside,” of reality in-itself. One might expect from such encomia the attempt to engage with the products of contemporary science in order to develop a new metaphysics; but, Meillassoux spends almost no time in this way, focusing instead on the form and methods of the material sciences over their actual accomplishments. As a result, his praise rings hollow and his metaphysics remains undeveloped. This paper examines what would happen if we were to take seriously his claims that a new metaphysics be developed from a scientific accounting of material reality by surveying the conclusions of contemporary physics. The paper ends by contrasting such a new speculative and materialistic metaphysics with the speculative nihilism of Ray Brassier.
Introducción a la Gestión y su aplicación en la Sanidad
Authors: Repullo-Labrador José Ramón
Published: June 2022

La gestión es un término amplio y polisémico; la historia del pensamiento empresarial va definiendo en una serie de funciones (planificar, organizar, incorporar personas, dirigir y evaluar), que pueden sintetizarse en coordinar la producción y motivar a los que participan en ella.La gestión tiene un núcleo común, pero depende mucho del contexto en el que se aplica: las empresas industriales que fabrican bienes, las que prestan servicios, o las que dichos servicios son profesionales; la sanidad es un caso particularmente especial y complejo de estas últimas.En la sanidad, y especialmente en entornos públicos, se produce una gran asimetría de información entre proveedores y usuarios; de ahí que el término “demanda” precise complementarse con la “necesidad”; y también que los resultados de valor haya que medirlos en términos de efectividad, seguridad, calidad, impacto (individual y poblacional) y eficiencia.Los sistemas sanitarios modernos se estructuran en grandes redes, a partir de sistemas de aseguramiento colectivo de riesgos de salud; esto diferencia la macro-gestión (financiación-aseguramiento), la meso-gestión (gerencia de centros y servicios), la micro-gestión (áreas y unidades clínicas), e incluso una nano-gestión (las interacciones y decisiones clínicas individuales). Cada uno de estos niveles obliga a activar diferentes instrumentos y estilos de gestión.La gestión es una actividad sintética integradora y adaptativa; para ello debe tener un gran arsenal de marcos conceptuales y de herramientas de actuación, que se activarían en función de los problemas y desafíos de las organizaciones.
Evaluating the Performance of Deep Learning in Segmenting Google Street View Imagery for Transportation Infrastructure Condition Assessment
Authors: Wei Yi , Liu Kaijian
Published: June 2022

Understanding the relationshipsbetween the condition of transportation infrastructure and thewell-being of citizensin societyisof significantimportance towardsrestoringthe aging and deteriorating transportation infrastructure in a way that enhances well-being. However, attainingsuch understanding is challenging becauseit reliesonlarge-scale transportation infrastructurecondition assessment.The broad spatial coverage of Google Street View(GSV)imageryoffers a uniqueopportunity for such large-scale assessment. However,despite the richness ofdeep learning methodsthat can segmentand recognize transportation infrastructureassetsfrom GSV imagery for subsequent condition assessment, the performance ofthese methods typically varies. As such, this paperfocuses on conductingperformance evaluation of representativedeep learning-based image segmentationmethods to identify the optimal methodsfor recognizingtransportation assets from GSV imagery. The preliminary evaluation resultsshow thatthe ResNet+ UNetandMobileNet+ UNet methods achieved thehighest intersection over union(IOU)of0.87.
BIM-based Fall Hazard Ontology and Benchmark Model for Comparison of Automated Prevention through Design Approaches in Construction Safety
Authors: Winther Johansen Karsten , Schultz Carl , Teizer Jochen
Published: June 2022

Due to the continuous changes in its complex and dynamic work environment, work in the construction industry is one of the most dangerous. Many of the existing workplace safety planning techniques are still based on 2D drawings and manual expertise. This effort is cumbersome as the progressing work quickly results in outdated safety plans. Researchers have put much effort into automating the planning process, but their result’s soundness and completeness are incomparable. This work describes our BIM-based ontology of construction hazards and mitigation interventions for fall from height hazards based on EU and US regulations. We extract the variations of the rules and capture the concepts in spatial artifacts. We carefully created a benchmark model that allows for soundness and correctness assessment which enables comparison of different automated PTD approaches.
Automating the Estimation of Productivity Metrics for Construction Workers Using Deep Learning and Kinematics
Authors: Jacobsen Emil L. , Teizer Jochen
Published: June 2022

In this study, a novel method for direct work estimation is used to classify whether a painteris performingdirect workor not.The aim is to build an accurate and reliable work classification algorithmthatcanhelp monitorconstruction sites.The method utilizes adeep learning algorithmusing convolutional and long short-term memory layersto classify multivariate time-series data collected from five inertial measurement units (IMUs)mounted on the workers’arms, torso,and legs.Three models are developed, differing in window sizes from 3 seconds to 7 seconds.Thebest performingmodel achieves an accuracy of 90%and anF1-score of 87.6%. This is thefirst step towards a general model that canclassify productivity measures for workers on construction sites, which will be a valuableinput formonitoringconstruction sitesandfuture analyses.
Trajectory Prediction: A Review of Methods and Challenges in Construction Safety
Authors: Chronopoulos Christos , Teizer Jochen , Esterle Lukas
Published: June 2022

This review focuses on methods for trajectory prediction of moving entities (i.e., pedestrian workers and heavy construction equipment) in construction. To the authors’ knowledge it is the first review on trajectory prediction devoted to construction safety. Through a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature, it examines the input data and prediction models used for trajectory prediction in dynamic and complex construction environments. Several techniques are available to perform prediction and their performance varies widely. Various types of data is being used, however, so far v ision-based data is the major input to the models. Hence, computer-vision techniques are deployed for object tracking to infer the locations of the construction resources in almost entirely outdoor environments. This review concludes with an overview of the gaps, challenges, and future research steps for trajectory prediction relevant for researchers as well as practitioners working on reducing occupational health and safety hazards on construction sites.
Dynamic generation of vortex beam based on partial phase modulation of electro-optical crystal plate
Authors: Fan Yu-Ting , Zhu En-Xu , Zhao Chao-Ying , Tan Wei-Han ,   School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: June 2022

With the increasing demand for potential applications of vortex beams in various fields of modern optics, the generation of optical vortex beams has attracted great interest. Based on a flat plate made of an electro-optical crystal, a method to generate optical vortex beams assisted by the Pockels effect is proposed. This method allows an orbital-angular-momentum-tunable range of \begin{document}$ \pm 2\hbar$\end{document} with a finite phase-modulated region. We simulate the propagation of optical beams transmitted from the flat plate and investigate the orbital-angular-momentum-mode spectra of the transmitted optical beams. The mode spectra accord well with the simulation results. The proposed method will be applied to fields where tunable optical vortex beams are required, such as optical communication and optical manipulation.