bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Test of Two Spatial Frameworks for Representing Spatial Patterns of Wetness in a Glacial Drift Watershed
Authors: Hofmeister K.L. , Nave L.E. , Riha S.J. , Schneider R.L. , Walter M.T.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Soil moisture and water table position vary across ecosystems and parent materials.

Ecosystem classifications and topographic wetness indices represent moisture status.

Topographic wetness indices perform best in till rather than outwash soils.

Including soil properties with topographic information improves moisture estimates.

In forest ecosystems, soil water availability is an important indicator and driver of biogeochemical transformations, pedogenesis, and surface water–groundwater linkages. Given the importance of soil moisture and shallow groundwater to ecosystem processes, field measurements are critical. We investigated the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of moisture conditions in a forested first‐order watershed in northern Michigan. We measured soil volumetric water content (VWC, %) and water table levels across a range of glacial parent materials and landforms. We also assessed the utility of using two different spatial frameworks (Landscape Ecosystem classification, Topographic Wetness Index) to represent spatial patterns of soil moisture and water table levels across the watershed. At the lowest landscape position (outwash‐lake plain swamp), saturation was perennial, with a median soil VWC of 53% and the water table 8 cm below ground surface. Among upland ecosystems, outwash landforms had consistently low VWC (16%) and showed no evidence of groundwater within 4 m of the surface; moraine ecosystems (till parent material) possessed mixed hydrologic conditions, with VWC ranging from 18 to 25% and water table levels 6 to 65 cm below the surface. In low‐variability dry or wet areas with relatively homogenous soils, larger ecosystem classification map units provide good representations of moisture conditions. In the more heterogeneous till soils, a finer‐scale spatial framework that accounts for local soil variation is optimal. A combination of both spatial frameworks is most appropriate for estimating moisture conditions in this glaciated landscape and can be used to identify biogeochemically important sites and to inform land management decisions.
Life, Movement, and Thought: Directions for Performance Philosophy and Practice as Research
Authors: Schultis Brian
Published: February 2019

This essay addresses the common goals of but also the practical differences between the emerging fields of Performance Philosophy (PP) and Practice as Research (PaR).  It does so by describing them both as interposing effective and affective action into the process of thinking and knowing, thereby resisting what Gilles Deleuze calls the Dogmatic Image of Thought.  The dogmatic image is described as a directional movement based on Plato’s allegory of the cave, where those who would learn turn away from phenomenal becoming and move upward and outward towards eternal Truth.  This movement travels from a static unknowing to a static knowledge.  Both PP and PaR resist such movement by employing techniques which forestall arriving at either stasis.  Through their developments, PP and PaR have come to concentrate on resisting one of these points of stasis or the other – with PP concentrating on avoiding static knowing, and PaR concentrating on finding the proper expression to avoid static unknowing, even while presenting its findings in forms that may appear ephemeral.
Direção ético-política e contradições da “Participação Cidadã” no Projovem Urbano em Mesquita/RJ
Authors: Barbosa Carlos Soares
Published: February 2019

O artigo visa a analisar a direção ético-política e as contradições das ações comunitárias fomentada no Projovem Urbano - programa federal destinado aos jovens de 18 a 29 anos, com a finalidade de proporcionar a conclusão do ensino fundamental, qualificação profissional inicial e o protagonismo juvenil. É resultado da pesquisa realizada entre 2015 e 2016 no município de Mesquita/Rio de Janeiro, e contou com a observação das aulas de Participação Cidadã e aplicação de questionários com respostas abertas a 67 estudantes. Fundamentada teoricamente no pensamento de Antonio Gramsci e Edward Thompson, o estudo conclui que as condições precárias de reprodução da existência dificultam a conformação dos trabalhadores tanto para a cidadania na perspectiva do capital social, quanto à participação efetiva nos espaços decisórios. Que a baixa participação política institucional dos jovens da periferia não é fruto da alienação política, mas produto das determinações objetivas a que estão submetidos.
A questão do espaço nas correspondências entre Leibniz e Clarke
Authors: Sita Patricia Coradim
Published: February 2019

Neste trabalho procuramos descrever alguns pontos importantes para o entendimento de aspectos básicos da teoria leibniziana do espaço, mais especificamente, pontos referentes à sua crítica ao modelo de espaço newtoniano que envolve (1) a idéia de que o espaço é o órgão de que Deus se serve para sentir as coisas, (2) a idéia da anterioridade do espaço e do tempo em relação às coisas e (3) a interferência necessária de Deus no mundo, ou a insuficiência de meios naturais para explicar o mundo. Esses assuntos são amplamente explorados nas famosas correspondências com Clarke, correspondências que constituem importante fonte de pesquisa das ideias de Leibniz e dos newtonianos sobre a matéria, o movimento, o tempo e o espaço, e base para nossas análises. Nosso objetivo é contribuir para o entendimento das concepções sobre o espaço a partir da investigação dos pontos apontados para permitir compreender mais precisamente o que está em questão quando se propõe o modelo absoluto ou relativo de espaço.
Entre o nomológico e o acidental: objeções à teoria regularista das leis da natureza
Authors: Cani Renato Cesar
Published: February 2019

Neste artigo, analiso a concepção das leis da natureza denominada regularismo. O regularismo é definido aqui como uma versão de antirrealismo nomológico, isto é, a posição segundo a qual a fundamentação das leis da natureza deve ser feita mediante considerações de ordem epistêmica (e não metafísica). Segundo a proposta de Mill, Ramsey e Lewis, as leis da natureza são generalizações pertencentes a sistemas dedutivos capazes de equilibrar otimamente os requisitos de simplicidade teórica e força dedutiva. Com essa formulação, os defensores do regularismo esperam solucionar o problema da identificação, dificuldade que se apresenta a qualquer teórico que pretenda apresentar uma concepção razoável das leis. Trata-se da tarefa de fornecer um critério adequado para distinguir entre generalizações de caráter nomológico e generalizações acidentais. Meu objetivo é argumentar que a solução regularista do problema da identificação é inconsistente com os seus próprios pressupostos. Por fim, apresento e critico a tentativa de solução proposta por Lewis (1983), que tem como base a postulação de propriedades naturais.
Thioredoxin, Glutathione and Related Molecules in Tumors of the Nervous System
Authors: Branco Vasco , Pimentel José , Brito Maria Alexandra , Carvalho Cristina
Published: February 2019

Background:

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors have a poor survival prognosis due to their invasive and heterogeneous nature, in addition to the resistance to multiple treatments.

Objective:

In this paper, the main aspects of brain tumor biology and pathogenesis are reviewed both for primary tumors of the brain, (i.e., gliomas) and for metastasis from other malignant tumors, namely lung cancer, breast cancer and malignant melanoma which account for a high percentage of overall malignant brain tumors. We review the role of antioxidant systems, namely the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, in the genesis and/or progression of brain tumors.

Methods:

Although overexpression of Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) and Thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of Peroxiredoxins (Prx), and Glutaredoxins (Grx).

Conclusion:

Due to their central role in redox homeostasis and ROS scavenging, redox systems are potential targets for new antitumorals and examples of innovative therapeutics aiming at improving success rates in brain tumor treatment are discussed.
Current Anti-Inflammatory Therapies and the Potential of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors in the Design of New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review of 2012 - 2018
Authors: Sales Thais A. , Marcussi Silvana , Ramalho Teodorico C.
Published: February 2019

The inflammatory process is a natural self-defense response of the organism to damage
agents and its action mechanism involves a series of complex reactions. However, in some
cases, this process can become chronic, causing much harm to the body. Therefore, over the
years, many anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed aiming to decrease the concentrations
of inflammatory mediators in the organism, which is a way of controlling these abnormal
chain reactions. The main target of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is the cyclooxygenase
(COX) enzyme, but its use implies several side effects. Thus, based on these limitations,
many studies have been performed, aiming to create new drugs, with new action mechanisms.
In this sense, the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes stand out. Among all the existing
isoforms, secretory PLA2 is the major target for inhibitor development, since many studies
have proven that this enzyme participates in various inflammatory conditions, such as cancer,
Alzheimer and arthritis. Finally, for the purpose of developing anti-inflammatory drugs that are
sPLA2 inhibitors, many molecules have been designed. Accordingly, this work presents an
overview of inflammatory processes and mediators, the current available anti-inflammatory
drugs, and it briefly covers the PLA2 enzymes, as well as the diverse structural array of the
newest sPLA2 inhibitors as a possible target for the production of new anti-inflammatory
drugs.
Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Nano-formulations: Concept, Implementation and Challenges
Authors: Mukker Jatinder Kaur , Singh Ravi Shankar Prasad
Published: February 2019

The properties of nanoparticles can be exploited to overcome challenges in drug delivery. By virtue of
its design and size, the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles are different than other small molecules. Modeling and
simulation techniques have great potential to be used in nanoformulation development; however, their use in
optimization of nanoformulation is very limited. This review highlights the differences in absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics of nanoparticles, use of modeling and simulation techniques in
nanoformulation development and challenges in the implementation of modeling techniques.
Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Carcinogenesis and their Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Schröter David , Höhn Annika
Published: February 2019

Aging is one of the biggest risk factors for the major prevalent diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer, but due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the aging process, the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related diseases are not yet fully understood. Research has been intensive in the last years aiming to characterize the pathophysiology of aging and develop therapies to fight age-related diseases. In this context advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received attention. AGEs, when accumulated in tissues, significantly increase the level of inflammation in the body which has long been associated with the development of cancer. Here we discuss the classical settings promoting AGE formation, as well as reduction strategies, occurrence and relevance of AGEs in cancer tissues and the role of AGE-interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in cancer initiation and progression.
Insight into Pain Modulation: Nociceptors Sensitization and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Khan Amna , Khan Salman , Kim Yeong Shik
Published: February 2019

Pain is a complex multidimensional concept that facilitates the initiation of the signaling
cascade in response to any noxious stimuli. Action potential generation in the peripheral nociceptor
terminal and its transmission through various types of nociceptors corresponding to mechanical,
chemical or thermal stimuli lead to the activation of receptors and further neuronal processing produces
the sensation of pain. Numerous types of receptors are activated in pain sensation which vary in
their signaling pathway. These signaling pathways can be regarded as a site for modulation of pain by
targeting the pain transduction molecules to produce analgesia. On the basis of their anatomic location,
transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPM8), Piezo 2, acid-sensing
ion channels (ASICs), purinergic (P2X and P2Y), bradykinin (B1 and B2), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-
methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), metabotropic glutamate
(mGlu), neurokinin 1 (NK1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors are activated during
pain sensitization. Various inhibitors of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPM8, Piezo 2, ASICs, P2X, P2Y, B1,
B2, AMPA, NMDA, mGlu, NK1 and CGRP receptors have shown high therapeutic value in experimental
models of pain. Similarly, local inhibitory regulation by the activation of opioid, adrenergic,
serotonergic and cannabinoid receptors has shown analgesic properties by modulating the central and
peripheral perception of painful stimuli. This review mainly focused on various classes of nociceptors
involved in pain transduction, transmission and modulation, site of action of the nociceptors in modulating
pain transmission pathways and the drugs (both clinical and preclinical data, relevant to targets)
alleviating the painful stimuli by exploiting nociceptor-specific channels and receptors.
Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of 3-(het)aryl Isocoumarin Derivatives and their in vitro Pharmacological Evaluation
Authors: Prasanna Gutta Lakshmi , Kumar Abbaraju V.D. Nagendra , Bharath Yarlagadda , Basaveswara Rao Mandava V. , Pal Manojit
Published: February 2019

Background:

In view of numerous biological activities of 3-substituted isocoumarins a number
of analogues based on this scaffold were synthesized for their in vitro pharmacological evaluation.

Methods:

The syntheses of 3-substituted isocoumarins were carried out via a Pd/C-catalyzed Suzuki-
Miyaura coupling of 3-chloroisochromen-1-one with a range of boronic acid derivatives. This C-C bond
forming reaction was facilitated by ultrasound irradiation to afford the desired products in good yields. A
number of 3-(het)aryl isocoumarin derivatives were prepared by using this methodology and subsequently
tested for their TNF-α inhibitory properties in vitro followed by cytotoxicities via the MTT assay.

Results:

Several compounds showed inhibition of TNF-α with one compound showing an IC50 value
of 9.01±1.25 µM. Three compounds also showed promising cytotoxic properties against two cancer
cell lines with IC50 ~ 0.9-2.7 µM.

Conclusion:

The isocoumarin framework could be an effective template for the design and discovery
of new inhibitor of TNF-α for the potential treatment of related diseases.
Ameliorative Effect of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor in Rat Model of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Bhatia Pankaj , Singh Nirmal
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Cerebral hypoperfusion has been considered as major risk factor for Vascular Dementia (VaD). The present study shows the potential of Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) induced VaD in rats.

Materials and Methods:

BCCAo procedure was performed under anesthesia in wistar rats to induce VaD. Morris Water-Maze (MWM) parameter was employed on 7th day post-surgery to determine learning and memory. Escape latency time, time spent in target quadrant, Path length and average swim speed taken as important parameters in MWM. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed in isolated aorta by observing endothelial dependent vasorelaxations and levels of serum nitrite. Various biochemical and histopathological estimations were also performed.

Results:

BCCAo produced significant impairment in endothelium dependent vasorelaxation and a decrease in serum nitrite levels indicating endothelial dysfunction. Further poor performance on MWM represents impairment of learning and memory. There was a significant rise in brain oxidative stress level (indicated by increase in brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decrease in reduced glutathione levels). Increase in brain acetylcholinesterase activity; brain myloperoxidase activity and brain neutrophil infiltration (as marker of inflammation) were also observed. Treatment of Tadalafil (5 & 10 mg/kg, p. o.)/Donepezil (0. 5 mg/kg, i.p., serving as standard) ameliorated BCCAo induced endothelial dysfunction; memory deficits; biochemical and histopathological changes in a significant manner.

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that Tadalafil has shown efficacy in rat model of BCCAo induced VaD and that phosphodiesterase-5 can be considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.
Target Enzyme in Alzheimer’s Disease: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Saxena Mridula , Dubey Ragini
Published: February 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), affecting a large population worldwide is characterized by the
loss of memory and learning ability in the old population. The enzyme Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme
(AChE) is the key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is also the target
of most of the clinically used drugs for the treatment of AD but these drugs provide only symptomatic
treatment and have the limitation of loss of therapeutic efficacy with time. The development of different
strategies targeting the AChE enzyme along with other targets like Butyl Cholinesterase (BChE),
amyloid-β (Aβ), β-secretase-1 (BACE), metals antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity
has been focused in recent years. Literature search was conducted for the molecules and their
rational design which have shown inhibition for AChE and the other abovementioned targets. Several
hybrid molecules incorporating the main sub-structures derived from diverse chemotypes like acridine,
quinoline, carbamates, and other heterocyclic analogs have shown desired pharmacological activity
with a good profile in a single molecule. It is followed by optimization of the activity through structural
modifications guided by structure-activity relationship studies. It has led to the discovery of novel
molecules 17b, 20, and 23 with desired AChE inhibition along with desirable activity against other
abovementioned targets for further pre-clinical studies.
Recent Advances in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Diao Wei , Cai Huawei , Chen Lihong , Jin Xi , Liao Xinyang , Jia Zhiyun
Published: February 2019

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common sex-related malignancy with high mortality in men worldwide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on the surface of most prostate tumor cells and considered a valuable target for both diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. A series of radiolabeled agents have been developed based on the featured PSMA ligands in the previous decade and have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical research of primary and recurrent PCa. Furthermore, the inspiring response and safety of lutetium-177-PSMA-617 (177Lu-PSMA-617) radiotherapy represent the potential for expanded therapeutic options for metastatic castration-resistant PCa. Retrospective cohort studies have revealed that radiolabeled PSMA agents are the mainstays of the current success, especially in detecting prostate cancer with metastasis and biochemical recurrence.  Objective: This review is intended to present a comprehensive overview of the current literature on PSMA ligand-based agents for both radionuclide imaging and therapeutic approaches, with a focus on those that have been clinically adopted.  Conclusion: PSMA-based diagnosis and therapy hold great promise for improving the clinical management of prostate cancer.
An iTRAQ Based Comparative Proteomic Profiling of ThermotolerantSaccharomyces cerevisiaeJRC6 in Response to High Temperature Fermentation
Authors: Choudhary Jairam , Singh Surender , Tiwari Rameshwar , Goel Renu , Nain Lata
Published: February 2019

Background:

Bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass can supplement the ethanol supplies in a sustainable manner. However, the bioethanol production process is still not cost effective and researchers are looking for novel strategies like simultaneous saccharification fermentation to cut down the production cost. Thermotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae JRC6 is reported to improve the fermentation efficiency under SSF. However, the mechanism of thermotolerance of the strain is unknown which is important for developing more robust yeast strains for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.

Objective:

To identify proteomic changes responsible for imparting thermotolerance by iTRAQ based profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JRC6 by growing at optimum (30°C) and high temperature (40°C). Methods: iTRAQ labeling followed by electrospray ionization based tandem mass spectrometry using SCIEX 5600 Triple-TOF Mass Spectrometer (MS).

Methods:

iTRAQ labeling followed by electrospray ionization based tandem mass spectrometry using SCIEX 5600 Triple-TOF Mass Spectrometer (MS).

Results:

A total of 582 proteins involved in heat shock, metabolism, biosynthesis, transport of biomolecules, cell division, etc. were identified. Cells grown at 40°C showed many-fold increase in the expression for many proteins involved in different functions specially biosynthesis, heat stress and metabolism. At 40°C heat shock proteins (78), prefoldin subunit (6), DNA binding protein SNT1, J type co-chaperone JAC1, elongation factor 1-β, glutathione synthase, malate synthase (2), purine biosynthesis protein ADE17, SSD1 protein, alcohol dehydrogenase 1, 3, 60S ribosomal protein L35-B, mitochondrial import protein MAS5 and many other proteins were significantly upregulated.

Conclusion:

The iTRAQ analysis revealed many heat shock proteins and heat stable alcohol dehydrogenases which can be exploited to develop a more robust yeast strain suitable for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation or consolidated bioprocessing.
Coagulopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathological Mechanisms and the Role of Factor XIII-A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Phasha Marry-ann Ntanyane , Soma Prashilla , Pretorius Etheresia , Phulukdaree Alia
Published: February 2019

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has quadrupled within three decades since 1980, affecting 422 million adults in 2016. It remains one of the most common noncommunicable chronic diseases and the underlying risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. There are different underlying mechanisms that play a role in the development of pathologies associated with the disease such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, obesity, inflammation and hypercoagulation; each of which are interlinked. Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and obesity play a huge role in the activation of inflammation and coagulation. Activation of inflammatory pathways increases the production of thrombin which predisposes the development of thrombotic related diseases. One of the factors that contribute to the increase of thrombin is the impairment of the fibrinolysis process due to decreased expression of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) by increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), a transglutaminase that is composed of subunits A and B (FXIII-A2B2), is essential for the last step of fibrin clot formation in the coagulation pathway. Genetic variation of FXIII-A in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alters the activity of FXIII, altering clot properties which influence disease outcomes. This review discusses the link between underlying mechanisms of T2DM, well known FXIII-A variants and coagulation.
Optimization of Crude Polysaccharides Extraction from Plantago ovata Forsk Seed by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sadeghi Ehsan , Mohammadi Reza , Shirgardoun Mohammad H. , Askari Fatemeh , Taghizadeh Masoumeh , Arjenaki Narges Omidi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Plantago ovata Forsk (Psyllium seed) is an annual plant of plantago genus. This plant widely grows in India and Iran. The Psyllium seed contains mucilage, protein, sugar, fat and tannins. Seed’s husk is a known source to extract hydrocolloid.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to optimize gum extraction from the Psyllium seed.

Methods:

The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the extraction yield of Psyllium gum. The obtained experimental data were fitted to a second- order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the best possible combination of extraction temperature (X1= 60-80°C), extraction time (X2= 1-3 h), and the ratio of water to raw material (X3= 30-70%) for the maximum gum extraction.

Results:

Optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 79°C, extraction time of 2.5 h, and the ratio of water to the raw material of 57%. The experimental extraction yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9 ± 0.25%, which was in agreement with the predicted value of 9.4%.

Conclusion:

This study showed that Psyllium gum can be used as a hydrocolloid source for pharmaceutical and food industry such as edible films for food packaging.
Heart Infection Prognosis Analysis by Two-dimensional Spot Tracking Imaging
Authors: Qian Jie , Xie Jing , Lakshmipriya Thangavel , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Xu Huaigang
Published: February 2019

Cardiovascular death is one of the leading causes worldwide; an accurate identification followed by diagnosing the cardiovascular disease increases the chance of a better recovery. Among different demonstrated strategies, imaging on cardiac infections yields a visible result and highly reliable compared to other analytical methods. Two-dimensional spot tracking imaging is the emerging new technology that has been used to study the function and structure of the heart and test the deformation and movement of the myocardium. Particularly, it helps to capture the images of each segment in different directions of myocardial strain values, such as valves of radial strain, longitudinal strain, and circumferential strain. In this overview, we discussed the imaging of infections in the heart by using the two-dimensional spot tracking.
Computational Outlook of Marine Compounds as Anti-Cancer Representatives Targeting BCL-2 and Survivin
Authors: Shakeel Eram , Kumar Rajnish , Sharma Neha , Akhtar Salman , Ahmad Khan Mohd. Kalim , Lohani Mohtashim , Siddiqui Mohd. Haris
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The regulation of apoptosis via compounds originated from marine organisms signifies a new wave in the field of drug discovery. Marine organisms produce potent compounds as they hold the phenomenal diversity in chemical structures. The main focus of drug development is anticancer therapy.

Methods:

Expertise on manifold activities of compounds helps in the discovery of their derivatives for preclinical and clinical experiment that promotes improved activity of compounds for cancer patients.

Results:

These marine derived compounds stimulate apoptosis in cancer cells by targeting Bcl-2 and Survivin, highlighting the fact that instantaneous targeting of these proteins by novel derivatives results in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Our study reports the identification of Aplysin and Haterumaimide J as Bcl-2 inhibitors and Cortistatin A as an inhibitor of survivin protein, from a sequential virtual screening approach.
Single- and Multi-Step Image Enlargement for Medical Image Coding
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2019

Background:

Some interpolators cannot be used in an image magnification problem in a freely scalable form.
For instance, when we want to magnify an image to a 16-time bigger scale, some interpolators have to do this process in
two steps including two 4-time magnification steps, however, some are able to do it directly.

Materials and Methods:

For generating data of this study, MATLAB as a simulator has been used. Bi-; Linear (BL) and
Cubic Convolution (CC) interpolators are the two applied re-samplers in the reconstruction of digital images.

Results:

Data shows that the performance of both free-size interpolators (BL and CC) is obviously different in both direct
and indirect pixel reconstruction.

Conclusion:

The acquired data shows a less error in the condition of direct interpolation. The relative results of experiments
are different from the type of core interpolators (BL and CC).
Analysis of Safety Outcomes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients using Interferon-free Treatment: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Authors: Ferreira Vinicius Lins , Leonart Leticia Paula , Rocca Ana Maria Della , Pontarolo Roberto
Published: February 2019

Background:

Second generation direct acting-antivirals are safe and effective treatments for chronic hepatitis C patients.

Objective:

We aimed to conduct a systematic review of case reports and case series to evaluate the safety of the drugs, highlighting a compilation of AE not previously reported in other reviews.

Methods:

The search was performed in four electronic databases and included only case reports and case series that evaluated interferon-free therapies and provided safety outcomes.

Results:

Initially 1,235 records were retrieved, and after screening 30 studies were included in the analysis (23 case reports and 7 case series). A total of 39 patients were included, receiving eight different interferon-free treatments. Nineteen patients discontinued treatment (only 8 of these achieved treatment response). Other 19 patients achieved SVR without discontinuation. Rare adverse events were observed, including breast hypertrophy, retinopathy and drug-induced infection. Some patients were in an advanced stage of the disease, and were therefore unable to withstand treatment due to the appearance of complications.

Conclusion:

In this sense, it is important to monitor the use of these drugs that can favor the appearance of serious AE. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016051680).
Effect of a Physical Activity Program on Serum Biochemical Parameters among the Elderly Women
Authors: Motalebi Seyedeh Ameneh , Iranagh Jamileh Amirzadeh , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: February 2019

Background:

The present study examined the efficacy of the walking program on biochemical
parameters among the elderly women.

Methods:

A total of one hundred elderly women participated in this randomized clinical trial study.
The intervention group attended a 24-week walking exercise meeting five times per week. The control
group continued with their routine activities. The subjects were assessed in Fasting blood glucose
(FBS) and lipid profile before and after 12 and 24 weeks of the program.

Results:

The mean age of the elderly participants in the study was 68.33 ± 4.55 years. The results of
repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between the intervention and the control
group in FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol after completing the program (for all p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The low-cost physical activity intervention could be effective for reducing chronic vascular
disease risk factors among community-dwelling elderly women.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons Among Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Eshaghi Zadeh Seyedeh Hanieh , Fahimi Hossein , Fardsanei Fatemeh , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Salmonellosis is a major food-borne disease worldwide. The increasing
prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is
concerning.

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to identify class 1 integron genes and to determine
antibiotic resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea.

Methods:

A total of 30 Salmonella isolates were recovered from children with diarrhea. The isolates
were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for the presence of class 1
integron genes (i.e. intI1, sulI1, and qacEΔ1).

Results:

The most prevalent serotype was Enteritidis 36.7%, followed by Paratyphi C (30%), and
Typhimurium (16.7%). The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were obtained for nalidixic acid
(53.3%), followed by streptomycin (40%), and tetracycline (36.7%). Regarding class 1 integrons,
36.7%, 26.7%, and 33.3% of the isolates carried intI1, SulI, and qacEΔ1, respectively, most of
which (81.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of
class 1 integron was significantly associated with resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline (p =
0.042). However, there was no association between class 1 integron and other antibiotics used in
this study (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The high frequency of integron class 1 gene in MDR Salmonella strains indicates
that these mobile genetic elements are versatile among different Salmonella serotypes, and associated
with reduced susceptibility to many antimicrobials.
Bimodal Temporal Distribution of Herpes Explains Resistant Cases to Oral Antiviral Agents
Authors: Gaishauser K.L. , Burkhart C.G.
Published: February 2019

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a double-stranded virus that affects the skin and mucous membranes. There has been a long-standing dogma stating that the virus remains dormant and is reactivated from the dorsal root ganglia. However, more recent studies have established that there is a secondary mode of viral reactivation from the epidermis itself. These two distinct reactivation patterns help explain why prophylactic antivirals do not consistently prevent herpes outbreaks.
Improved Methods of Extraction and In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna
Authors: Khatkar Sarita , Nanda Arun , Ansari Shahid Husain
Published: February 2019

Background:

he Terminalia arjuna has been reported for the antimicrobial activity using classical methods of extraction in the literature. As novel extraction methods have gained importance to carry out the extraction of different plant materials, hence it was planned to extract Terminalia arjuna stem bark in a better way and evaluate the change in antimicrobial activity of the improved extracts.

Objective:

The extraction and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna were performed, analyzed and compared using different extraction methods viz. RTE, SE and USAE in this article.

Methods:

The central composite design among the response surface methods was adopted to carry out the optimization of different parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction. The central composite design was used for optimization and the values of parameters for an optimized batch of ultrasoundassisted extraction were 800 W power, 10 minutes time and 1:80 ratio of solid/solvent ratio. The invitro antimicrobial activity was performed using the tube dilution method taking ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standard antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Results:

The value of estimated total percentage yield was 12.8 % which upon experimentation was obtained as 12.7 %. The extraction efficiency of USAE was found better as compared to the RTE and SE in terms of the extraction yield 4.2% and 6.8 % respectively. The extraction time of the conventional RTE and SE (2 days and 7 days) was also reduced to minutes (10 to 20 min.) in USAE hence was found to be better. The antimicrobial activity of the selected extracts was performed using tube dilution method on selected strains of bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and fungal A. niger and C. albicans. The results obtained suggested that the USAE technique showed best results as compared to the other extraction methods and the standard drugs taken (MIC values of 3.12, 1.56, 3.12, 1.56 and 3.12 µg/mL respectively).

Conclusion:

Hence, it was concluded that ultrasound is an effective technique of extraction and has enhanced the antimicrobial principles of the Terminalia arjuna stem bark.
Performance assessment and the factors inhibiting the performance of Buddhist education teachers in the teaching duties
Authors: Sadtyadi Hesti
Published: February 2019

This research aims to examine the components and inhibiting factors of the teacher’s work performance in the teaching assignments of Buddhist education teachers. The authors believe that the theoretical as well as the practical problems of Buddhist education teachers can be solved by examining its components and the inhibiting factors. This research was developmental research that begins by compiling the component of performance instrument and the inhibiting factors instrument through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The data were then analyzed through regression analysis. The subjects of research were Buddhist education teachers in Central Java, Indonesia. The results of the research show the values of Anti-image 0.5 for 7 indicators. Meanwhile, the loading factor was bigger than 0.5 for each component. The model had RMSEA ≤ 0.05, Chi-Square (X²) 0.05, P = 0.55, the GFI was 0.97, which means the model was fit. The teaching performance components of Buddhist education teacher include planning the learning program, implementing the learning program, and evaluating the learning program. The inhibiting factors of the teacher’s performance are the additional tasks, the classroom atmosphere, conflict, and work pressure. This research has proved that the inhibiting factors have a negative impact on the teaching performance of Buddhist education teachers.
Developing assessment model for bandel attitudes based on the teachings of Ki Hadjar Dewantara
Authors: Wardani Restituta Estin Ami , Supriyoko Supriyoko , Prihatni Yuli
Published: February 2019

The study was aimed at (1) identifying indicators for bandel attitudes in the teachings of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, and (2) finding out the results of the implementation of the developed bandel attitude assessment instrument. The study was developmental research in the affective domain using Mardapi’s ten developmental steps. Subjects were selected by cluster random sampling of 392 junior secondary school students, 57 for the limited-scale try-out and 335 for the wider-scale try-out. The data analysis techniques included those for Aiken content validity, concurrent validity, and Cronbach Alpha reliability. Data for the instrument implementation were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings show that (1) there are six indicators for the bandel instrument to be developed in a self-assessment questionnaire format of 24 items consisting of 12 common statements and 12 factual statements; all items are valid and reliable; (2) Students’ score in the implementation of the bandel assessment instrument is categorized into the very high level.
“My lecturer’s expressionless face kills me!” An evaluation of learning process of German language class in Indonesia
Authors: Wijayati Primardiana Hermilia , Rofi'ah Rofi'ah , Ayub Ahmad Fauzi Mohd
Published: February 2019

This qualitative study aimed at evaluating the circumstances in plenary class that provoke learners’ speaking anxiety. To meet the objectives, this study investigated students of German as a Foreign Language (GFL) course who were experiencing speaking anxiety symptoms in the plenary class. The research was a narrative qualitative study, and the data were collected through observation and interview. The result of this study reveals that learners’ speaking anxiety occurred in particular circumstances of the plenary class, such as unfamiliar topic, still class, students’ unpreparedness for spontaneous speaking, expressionless face of the lecturer, and students’ fear of native speaker lecturers.
How Gender Inequity Impacts on Men’s Health. An Exploration of Theoretical Pathways
Authors: Kavanagh Shane A , Graham Melissa
Published: February 2019

Empirical studies suggest gender inequity increases men’s health risks. Multiple pathways may explain this relationship. These pathways however have not been explored concurrently. This paper is based on an extensive review of the theoretical literature linking gender inequity to men’s health. It identifies a range of theoretical approaches and examines links between them. In particular, it discusses masculinities and health theory, which argues gender inequity is linked to gender norms that lead to poor health-related beliefs and behaviours; the impact of gender inequity on men’s psychosocial and emotional experiences through limiting social roles, setting unattainable and restrictive expectations, and reducing access to social and emotional support; reproductive pathways, wherein gender inequity compromises optimal reproductive and early life outcomes leading to lifelong health impacts for males; and political, economic and social processes influenced by women’s social position that shape the social and economic resources, such as welfare and support, available to men. There are important interdependencies between these pathways. For example, masculine gender norms appear to not only increase poor health-related beliefs and behaviours, but also limit men’s opportunities to satisfy psychosocial and emotional needs. The findings suggest the extent of gender inequity can accentuate or buffer the negative health effects of other social inequalities. Further, while gender inequity provides men with many benefits, it limits access to the rich array of resources required to meet a diversity of lifelong health-related challenges. The paper provides the basis for richer theoretical approaches to men’s health.
A educação física escolar a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Bernardo Silva Matheus
Published: February 2019

O trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre as determinações histórico-sociais que influenciam a prática pedagógica em educação física. Realiza um recorte a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, com o intuito de confirmar a hipótese de que, com os avanços concebidos no texto, possibilitaria a efetivação de uma qualificada prática pedagógica na matéria. Entretanto, no atual contexto social ocorre, predominantemente, uma não consolidação dos seus avanços, o que reduz, decisivamente, sua efetivação.
Educação laica na Constituinte: uma avaliação retrospectiva
Authors: Cunha Luiz Antônio
Published: February 2019

Este texto examina a proposta de educação pública laica apresentada à Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1987-1988, assim como a proposta confessionalista rival. Focaliza as emendas populares que defenderam a laicidade das escolas públicas e as que se bateram pela manutenção nelas do Ensino Religioso. O artigo culmina em reflexões a respeito da presença dessa disciplina no setor público do ensino fundamental.
Desafios à Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil após a Constituição 1988
Authors: Fortes Mendonça Erasto Fortes Mendonça
Published: February 2019

Este artigo aborda o desenvolvimento da política pública de Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil a partir dos avanços induzidos pelos 30 anos de vigência da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 e dos 70 anos da proclamação da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. São recuperados elementos históricos sobre os Direitos Humanos no mundo e sobre as constituições brasileiras. É analisado o que temos a festejar ou a lamentar neste campo. Os retrocessos no País após o impeachment da presidenta Dilma bem como o cenário que se avizinha pelo resultado da eleição presidencial de 2018 são referência aos desafios a serem enfrentados.
Carta aberta aos/às trabalhadores/as em educação e à sociedade sobre os retrocessos na agenda social do país
Authors: CNTE Confederação Brasileira Dos trabalhadores em Educação-
Published: February 2019

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Aprendizaje interactivo de termodinámica de fluidos apoyado en las tecnologías de la información y comunicación
Authors: Rúa-Ramírez Edwin , Barrera-Siabato Andrea , Moreno-López Nidia Milena
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar un modelo de aprendizaje interactivo de la termodinámica de fluidos apoyado en las TIC e implementarlo a futuro en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y A Distancia UNAD y otras universidades. Métodos: Se realizó un diagnóstico del aprendizaje a través de una investigación descriptiva, de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa con la aplicación de un cuestionario y análisis de datos a los 91 estudiantes matriculados en el II periodo 2012, en los CEAD de Yopal y Acacias, UNAD. Resultados: Los resultados del cuestionario fueron relevantes en el sentido de identificar factores críticos como el desconocimiento del software interactivo de termodinámica, falta de prácticas de laboratorio, ausencia de las TIC como apoyo a la docencia, falta de aulas virtuales y laboratorios para prácticas en las universidades. Conclusiones: Se pudo identificar algunos factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de la termodinámica, cual es el proceso actual de aprendizaje y algunos aspectos a mejorar. Se elaboró una metodología de enseñanza de la termodinámica apoyada en el software Termograf para implementar en los próximos semestres y evaluar su aplicación. Por fuentes bibliográficas se descubrió que el Termograf es una gran herramienta de aprendizaje autónomo que le permite al estudiante resolver diferentes problemas y al docente aplicar problemas reales con simulación y animación.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje interactivo, Termodinámica de fluidos, Termograf, TIC. Abstract  Objective: The objective of this Project is to design interactive learning as a model of thermodynamics of fluids, supported by ICT and implement it in the National Open University and Distance UNAD and other universities in future. Methods: A diagnosis of learning was conducted through a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative nature by using a questionnaire as an inquiry tool and the corresponding analysis data; this was made with 91 students who were enrolled in the second period in 2012 at Yopal and Acacias CEADs, UNAD. Results: According to the inquiry results, it is important to say that they were relevant, because through them, some critical factors were identified, such as: The lack of interactive thermodynamics software, lack of ICT to support the teaching, lack of virtual classrooms and laboratories for achieving practices in universities. Conclusions: And also some factors related to the thermodynamics learning were identified, for instance, the current learning process and other issues about the thermodynamics, which should be improved. A teaching thermodynamics methodology was applied with the use of the thermograph software in order to be implemented for future semesters, so that, this application can be rehearsed and assessed.Keywords: Learning interactive, Thermodynamics of fluids, Termograf, ICT.