bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terbutaline for Management of Relative Bradycardia Post‐Orthotopic Heart Transplant: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Tu Zoe H. , Yun Allison N. , Gorthi Janardhana , Guha Ashrith , Krisl Jill C. , Bhimaraj Arvind
Published: November 2024

Background

Vagal nerve denervation during the heart transplant procedure results in higher resting heart rates in these recipients compared to the general population. Relative bradycardia (RB) is a common and often temporary post‐operative complication that can be managed with agents like terbutaline; however, little data exist on the efficacy, safety, and necessity of long‐term terbutaline use post‐heart transplant.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, descriptive study conducted at a large academic medical center investigating oral terbutaline use for RB management in heart transplant recipients. Outcomes included time to and reason for terbutaline discontinuation post‐transplant, adverse event rates, and permanent pacemaker (PPM) placement rates.

Results

In the 229 patients included, the median (IQR) time to terbutaline initiation was 8 (5, 12) days post‐heart transplant, with a median (IQR) time to discontinuation of 56 (20, 96) days from the first dose. In most cases, terbutaline was successfully tapered off outpatient due to the resolution of RB. Tachyarrhythmias occurred in 29 (12.7%) patients without long‐term sequelae. At 3 months post‐transplant, PPM had been placed for chronotropic support in 15 patients (6.6%) with a median time (IQR) to PPM placement of 24 (19, 77) days from transplant.

Conclusion

This study's overall low PPM placement rate suggests that early sinus node dysfunction can be treated with pharmacotherapy without committing to a permanent device, and that terbutaline can be used safely in early post‐heart transplant recipients. If patients require long‐term chronotropic support, the risk‐benefit of PPM placement versus continued terbutaline should be considered.
Association of proteinuria with improved prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab, and the predictive role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor D levels: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zijian , Suda Goki , Sho Takuya , Maehara Osamu , Ohara Masatsugu , Yoda Tomoka , Fu Qingjie , Sasaki Takashi , Kohya Risako , Yoshida Sonoe , Hosoda Shunichi , Kitagataya Takashi , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakai Masato , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Ogawa Koji , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Baba Masaru , Yamada Ren , Kobayashi Tomoe , Chen Minhu , Sakamoto Naoya ,   for the NORTE Study Group
Published: November 2024

Aim

Atezolizumab/bevacizumab is a first‐line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among several adverse events, grade ≥2 proteinuria is considered a significant adverse event that may cause bevacizumab interruption. Studies have shown that proteinuria might predict improved prognosis, although data are scarce and the association remains controversial, and the mechanisms and predictive factors remain unclear. We aimed to clarify these.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective study, we screened patients with HCC treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab. The prognostic impact of grade ≥2 proteinuria was examined in patients with proper clinical data and preserved serum for growth factor analysis. For biomarker analysis predicting proteinuria, baseline serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, VEGF‐C, and VEGF‐D levels were analyzed.

Results

This study included 75 patients, and 32 (42.7%) experienced grade ≥2 proteinuria. No significant differences were observed between those with or without proteinuria, except for aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels. Time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that grade ≥2 proteinuria was significantly associated with better prognosis (hazard ratio 0.221; 95% confidence interval 0.082–0.592; p = 0.003). In biomarker analysis, low baseline serum VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D levels were significantly associated with proteinuria, and multivariate analysis demonstrated that baseline serum VEGF‐D level was significantly associated with grade ≥2 proteinuria (hazard ratio 0.101; 95% confidence interval 0.029–0.357; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Grade ≥2 proteinuria in patients with unresectable HCC treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab indicates a better prognosis, and baseline serum VEGF‐D levels can help predict its occurrence. These findings can help in managing adverse events and prognosis in advanced HCC treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab.
Self‐compassion in patients undergoing haemodialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Kemmochi Takashi , Oka Michiyo , Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Sato Yoshiko , Sato Moe , Fukuda Ai , Sadakata Asuka , Kimura Kazumi
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients undergoing haemodialysis require long‐term treatment and suffer from physical limitations and emotional distress due to restrictions in daily life, such as food and fluid restrictions, which can lead to self‐criticism and depression. To address these issues, the concept of self‐compassion, which is important for patients undergoing haemodialysis, has gained attention.

Objective

This study aimed to identify self‐compassion in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Design

This is an interview‐based qualitative study.

Participants

Participants were recruited from a regional general hospital in Japan between August and September 2022. They were ≥18‐year‐old patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease and visited the hospital for maintenance haemodialysis. Fifteen patients who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed.

Approach

Semistructured interviews were conducted, and each interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using reflecxive thematic analysis (TA).

Findings

Thematic analysis generated three themes—acceptance, affirmation, and reinvention—from the seven subthemes. A different concept, “reinvention”, has been generated in this study. Regarding the sequential nature of the themes, it was predicted that they would proceed in the order of acceptance, affirmation, and reinvention, moving back and forth through these stages.

Conclusions

It can be said that nurses can support patients undergoing haemodialysis by providing feedback to them about their thoughts and feelings, which were captured based on the themes and subthemes of this study, to promote the patients' awareness and increase their self‐compassion.
Beliefs of Peers' Behavior, Clinical Guidelines, and Private Attitudes to Antibiotics as Drivers of Antibiotic Prescribing
Authors: Carlsson Fredrik , Jacobsson Gunnar , Lampi Elina , Rönnerstrand Björn
Published: November 2024

This study examines how doctors' personal views and norms on antibiotics affect their choices when prescribing antibiotics in Sweden. We analyze answers from two surveys, one in 2018 with 357 doctors about their own use and attitudes of antibiotics and another in 2019–2020 with 255 doctors about their prescription behavior. We find that doctors have more knowledge, and concern about antibiotic resistance and use than ordinary citizens, but they also use more antibiotics and are less ready to reduce their personal use of antibiotics. A doctor's choice not to prescribe antibiotics is strongly correlated with the descriptive treatment norms, that is, the perception of what most doctors would do when considering prescribing antibiotics and the guidelines for using antibiotics. There is also a strong correlation between professional and private attitudes: Although doctors themselves use more antibiotics than average people on average, those who are willing to refrain from using antibiotics as a private person are also more willing to avoid prescribing antibiotics to their patients.
A bridge point cloud databank for digital bridge understanding
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Yanjie , Xiong Wen , Cai C. S.
Published: November 2024

Despite progress in automated bridge point cloud segmentation based on deep learning, challenges persist. For instance, the absence of a public point cloud dataset specifically designed for bridge instances, and the existing bridge point cloud datasets display a lack of diversity in bridge types and inconsistency in component labeling. These factors may hinder the further improvement of accuracy in bridge point cloud segmentation. In this paper, a universal multi‐type bridge point cloud databank, named BrPCD, consisting of a total of 98 point cloud data (PCD; 10 of them are obtained from scanning, and the rest is obtained by data augmentation) from small to long‐span bridges, is established. Additionally, a method for augmenting bridge PCD is proposed, significantly enriching the spatial feature information of bridges within the dataset. Furthermore, based on the introduced data annotation rules, a uniform categorization of semantic labels for bridge components is implemented, enhancing the applicability of our dataset across various semantic segmentation tasks for different types of bridges. A benchmark testing was conducted on the BrPCD using the PointNet model. The segmentation results indicate that the parameters learned through the BrPCD enable accurate segmentation at the level of various types of bridge components. In other words, the BrPCD can function as a universal dataset, applicable for testing various networks aimed at bridge point cloud segmentation.
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration and Symptomless Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome With SOX‐1 Antibodies
Authors: Ohya Yuichiro , Tokashiki Takashi , Kuda Tomoya , Nakachi Ryo , Tamaki Kohei , Senoo Hiroshi , Yasutomi Daigo , Kido Miwako , Fujiwara Yoshihiko , Fujisaki Natsumi
Published: November 2024

A 62‐year‐old man was diagnosed with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) at a previous hospital due to cerebellar ataxia, positive serum SOX‐1 antibodies, and small cell lung cancer. Although the tumor has shrunk by chemotherapy, the cerebellar ataxia progressed and left him unable to walk. Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) was suspected, because nerve conduction studies showed that reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes disproportionate to muscle weakness. PCD‐LEMS with SOX‐1 antibodies was diagnosed on the basis of waxing by high‐frequency repetitive nerve stimulation test and high P/Q‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel antibody levels. Immunoglobulin therapy and 3,4‐diaminopyridine contributed to improved activities of daily living by improving muscle weakness masked by cerebellar symptoms. In patients with SOX‐1 antibodies, investigating for tumors and LEMS is necessary, even if muscle weakness is not noticeable.
Processing Fluency and Predictive Processing: How the Predictive Mind Becomes Aware of its Cognitive Limitations
Authors: Servajean Philippe , Wiese Wanja
Published: November 2024

Predictive processing is an influential theoretical framework for understanding human and animal cognition. In the context of predictive processing, learning is often reduced to optimizing the parameters of a generative model with a predefined structure. This is known as Bayesian parameter learning. However, to provide a comprehensive account of learning, one must also explain how the brain learns the structure of its generative model. This second kind of learning is known as structure learning. Structure learning would involve true structural changes in generative models. The purpose of the current paper is to describe the processes involved upstream of these structural changes. To do this, we first highlight the remarkable compatibility between predictive processing and the processing fluency theory. More precisely, we argue that predictive processing is able to account for all the main theoretical constructs associated with the notion of processing fluency (i.e., the fluency heuristic, naïve theory, the discrepancy‐attribution hypothesis, absolute fluency, expected fluency, and relative fluency). We then use this predictive processing account of processing fluency to show how the brain could infer whether it needs a structural change for learning the causal regularities at play in the environment. Finally, we speculate on how this inference might indirectly trigger structural changes when necessary.
Exchange rate undervaluation and African surges: What do we learn from exported products?
Authors: da Piedade Camille , Jacolin Luc , Plane Patrick
Published: November 2024

We study the role of undervaluation of currency exchange rates in triggering African product export surges. Over the period 1995–2017, 96 episodes are identified for 41 African countries from a basket of their primary and manufactured exported goods (149 products, 4‐digit HS code). We compute country‐product specific real exchange rate misalignments, that allow testing the hypothesis that undervaluation drives competitiveness and thus export surges. The complementary log–log model confirms that product‐specific undervaluation promotes the occurrence of surge episodes. This effect proves robust to the way we define export episodes, the introduction of covariates in the model and the use of the Relogit as an alternative estimator for rare events.
Removing upper age restrictions for returning donors and increasing the new donor upper age: Novel adverse event findings using a comprehensive donor vigilance system in Australia
Authors: Speedy Joanna , Josling Gabrielle , Hoad Veronica C.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

In July 2019, Australia removed the upper age limit for returning donors (previously 80 years) and increased the upper age for new donors from 70 to 75 years. This study assessed the safety of our new policy for our newly eligible upper age donors (NEUADs).

Materials and Methods

For the period, 14 July 2019 to 30 June 2023, the relative risk (RR) of individual adverse events in NEUADs was compared with younger cohorts.

Results

There were 4529 NEUADs who made 8000 donations. The overall rates of vasovagal reactions (VVRs) were significantly lower in the NEUAD cohort. However, compared with younger donors; returning NEUADs had a significantly higher rate of loss of consciousness (RR 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–4.86) and new NEUADs had a significantly higher rate of offsite VVRs (RR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.08–2.37). Both new and returning NEUADs had significantly higher rates of VVR requiring outside medical care (RR 2.48; 95% CI: 1.28–4.79 and RR 4.45; 95% CI: 2.00–9.91 respectively).

Conclusion

Our findings support historical findings that overall VVR rates decline with age but suggest a higher risk of more serious VVRs.
Network Traffic Classification Analysis on Differentiated Services Code Point Using Deep Learning Models for Efficient Deep Packet Inspection
Authors: Khan Fazeel Ahmed , Ibrahim Adamu Abubakar
Published: November 2024

The network traffic classification is essential in identifying and categorizing the network traffic data packets in the network transmission. The network traffic transmission is effectively managed and prioritized using Quality of Service (QoS). The Differential Services Code Point within the Differentiated Service (DiffServ) field is primarily used inside the Layer 3 encapsulated network IP packets. Since the user generated data is growing rapidly with variety in data such as, streaming, VoIP, online gaming etc. There is a need to have effective prioritization and classification of IP packets for routers to enable the forwarding of such packets including packets having critical data efficiently and with a lower drop rate. This study develops and analyze using neural network-based models for effective classification of data packets using the DSCP header field. The data was gathered using real-time packet capturing tools which were then processed and moved with model development using different deep learning algorithms such as, LSTM, MLP, RNN and Autoencoders. Most of the algorithms got promising results and classify packets based on DSCP accurately. This study will help to advance network packet classification within the network transmission by network administrators to monitor network more efficiently and to avoid malicious activities within the network environment.
Performance Comparative Study on Zero Day Malware Detection Using XGBoost and Random Forest Classifiers
Authors: Arizal Ahmad Faris Aiman , Md-Arshad Marina , Abdul-Samad Adlina , Md Sirat Maheyzah , Othman Siti Hajar
Published: November 2024

Zero-day malware is a significant threat to cybersecurity as it is unknown to antivirus systems and can cause significant damage before being detected. Traditional malware detection methods rely on signatures and patterns specific to known malware, but these methods are ineffective against zero-day malware that has not been previously encountered. Machine learning has shown promise in detecting and classifying unknown threats, including zero-day malware. In this research, we propose using machine learning classifiers to detect and classify zero-day malware. The selected classifiers are Random Forest and XGBoost, well-known and widely used in machine learning. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we first collect and pre-process a dataset of known malware. The dataset, Meraz'18, is used to train and test the selected classifiers. This dataset contains PEHeaders with static analysis performed with each section calculated on its entropy. The dataset contains a representation of benign and malicious files that has been use in previous studies for zero-day malware detection, namely during the payload injection phase. To prevent overfitting, 10-fold-cross-validation is utilized. The performance metrics of these classifiers such as F1-score, accuracy, Cohen’s kappa, precision and recall analyzed on the known malware dataset and evaluate their ability to detect and classify zero-day malware. Hyperparameter tuning is used to tune each model to give the best performance of each model. The results show that the proposed classifiers perform extremely well, both achieving up to almost 98% accuracy. Using machine learning classifiers for zero-day malware detection and classification can significantly improve cybersecurity by providing a way to detect and protect against unknown threats. This work is an essential step towards the development of more robust cybersecurity systems that can effectively protect against unknown threats.
Part-Time Employment System for UTM Student
Authors: A/L Varathan Shugentran , Yusoff Yusliza
Published: November 2024

In today's higher-education system, students frequently face financial difficulties due to high tuition fees and living expenses. Additionally, they risk falling victim to scams while searching for employment opportunities, further worsening their struggles. The lack of a centralized platform for job-seeking increases the problems, making it difficult for students to find suitable part-time employment that aligns with their interests and pay well. Employers also struggle to find qualified candidates with the necessary skills for specific roles. This thesis proposes a part-time employment system designed to allow students to find decent, relevant part-time job opportunities. By connecting students with legitimate businesses through this platform, the system reduces the risk of fraud and simplifies the job search process. Additionally, the system makes it easier for employers to hire students, who are ideal for part-time roles requiring flexible schedules. Utilizing advanced technology and a user-friendly interface, the proposed system enhances the efficiency and reliability of the part-time job market, creating a mutually beneficial interaction between students and businesses.
Steganography Algorithms in Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Images
Authors: A/L Selvarajan Kabilashwaran , Yusoff Yusliza
Published: November 2024

Steganography is a technique which allows to hide information or data inside a medium without giving an idea to people that the hidden data even existed. In the medical field, there are cases where patient’s medical images breached along with their sensitive and personal data because of poor security. This problem leads to a wanting of a good solution to have the medical image with secured patient data. Here is where the image steganography takes place to hide the patient data inside the medical images. This study is conducted to determine the effective image steganography algorithm to be used in the medical field to embed the patient information inside their medical images specifically in Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. The image steganography algorithms that will be used in this study are Least Significant Bit (LSB), Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The flow of the image steganography technique will be studied and analyzed and after that, the algorithms will be implemented with different file formats which are Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Bitmap (BMP) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) and different image sizes which are 1024x1024 and 2048x2048 pixels. After that, the results are evaluated with performance metrics which are Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Pairs Analysis. The results are then compared to determine the best image steganography algorithm along with the image file format which gives the highest robustness, visual quality, security and imperceptibility. The research result displays the EMD algorithm as the best paired with BMP file format in image steganography where it resulted in producing highest average of SSIM and PSNR which is 1.0 and 67.421 respectively and lowest MSE average of 0.012 with no traces in pairs analysis.
UTM’s Groundbreaking COVID-19 Tracker for Strategic Pandemic Preparedness (UTMCCTA)
Authors: Hasan Md Karimul , Abd Halim Shahliza
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease) is one of the most lethal viruses of this decade. Infected people with mild to moderate respiratory issues might have slight side effects due to the virus. However, senior individuals and individuals with serious medical problems like cardiovascular disease, serious lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, on the other hand, are considerably more likely to develop serious illnesses. Because the virus spreads via physical touch as well as through air droplets, it's critical to maintain tracking of everyone on the UTM campus, including UTM students and employees who come into contact during working hours. As a result, the UTM COVID-19 Contact Tracing System (UTMCCTA) was developed to address this problem. UTMCCTA is an automatic system that tracks contacts and notifies them if someone on their contact list tests positive for COVID-19. This program includes two user interfaces: one is a mobile app that UTM students use to automatically scan for nearby contacts, and the other is an online website that UTM Health Authorities and administrators will utilize. UTM health officials can look up a user and change their COVID-19 status from negative to positive, and vice versa. This will immediately notify any users with whom the infected person has been in touch. Furthermore, users can actively contribute to UTM's strategic preparedness by manually entering their daily commute location. This data enhances our capacity to respond proactively. Moreover, when a user contacts another user, their contact location and time are stored in the database. This information is solely accessible to the administrator, who may evaluate it and issue a locational hotspot notice to all users enrolled in the system. This innovative approach ensures that UTM is at the forefront of pandemic preparedness and response.
Transforming Workplace Efficiency: Using Agile Development Methodologies for Developing Meeting Management System
Authors: Mohamad Johari Mohd Ainal Farhan , Arbain Adila Firdaus
Published: November 2024

This In today's digital era, individuals are seamlessly connected across various digital platforms, from social media giants like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to knowledge-sharing hubs like StackOverflow and Quora. The relentless advancement of digital technologies has ushered in a wave of unprecedented accessibility and connectivity. While this transformation has brought tremendous benefits to society, organizations face new and intricate challenges in adapting to evolving task preferences, performance expectations, and operational requirements. In response to this dynamic landscape, this paper proposes an innovative paradigm shift aimed at enhancing quality, efficiency, and time-to-completion for critical tasks. Central to this transformation is the concept of digitizing manual processes, which offers a transformative approach capable of significantly reducing task durations while ensuring heightened efficiency and minimizing associated risks. One illustrative example involves the automation of employee attendance tracking within a company, seamlessly integrating data into a centralized database. This digitized process not only expedites task completion but also facilitates the generation of detailed reports presented graphically, allowing human resource managers to make informed decisions swiftly. This is just one instance where digitalization outperforms traditional manual methods, leading us to conclude that digitalization is a pivotal strategy for boosting organizational productivity. Moreover, traditional practices in managing meetings, characterized by manual participant notifications, have presented substantial inefficiencies. Secretaries often bear the brunt of coordinating meeting schedules, making phone calls, and sending emails to ensure all involved parties possess accurate information. This paper embarks on a comprehensive investigation to ameliorate this situation by injecting a digitalization approach into the existing meeting management system.
Sustentar o Centro: Sobre o Pensamento Constitucional de Dieter Grimm
Authors: Nogueira de Brito Miguel
Published: November 2024

Tendo em mente o famoso poema de William Yeats O Segundo Advento, pode talvez dizer-se que Dieter Grimm é um teórico constitucional que mais esforços tem desenvolvidos para sustentar o centro. Isto significa essencialmente, e sem pretensões de ser exaustivo, os seguintes aspetos: (i) uma visão equilibrada da relação entre justiça social e democracia; (ii) uma defesa matizada da dimensão objetiva dos direitos fundamentais, que é uma das principais inovações da jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional alemão; (iii) um justo equilíbrio entre as reivindicações da democracia e do controlo jurisdicional; (iv) a consciência dos processos de globalização e, ao mesmo tempo, a afirmação da essencialidade do Estado-Nação para a vida constitucional de um povo, apresentando-se Grimm como um defensor da Europa, mas também da soberania do Estado alemão, bem como de outros Estados-Membros da União Europeia; (v) finalmente, a defesa do constitucionalismo europeu tanto contra a visão americana do constitucionalismo como constrangimento como contra algumas visões extremas do constitucionalismo transformador.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Constitucionalismo; dimensão objetiva dos direitos fundamentais; controlo jurisdicional; relação entre constituições nacionais e direito da União Europeia; Tribunal Constitucional alemão; Dieter Grimm.
“Você Pode se Sentar Conosco, Mas Sob Nossos Termos"
Authors: David Márquez Duarte Fernando
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, discuto a autodeterminação indígena em nosso continente (Abya Yala e Turtle Island) e como a maioria dos estados-nação aborda a questão do ponto de vista de "você pode sentar conosco, mas sob nossos termos". Essa posição prega a inclusão dos povos indígenas na sociedade, mas sob os padrões liberais ocidentais que são conduzidos como assimilação, característica do capitalismo neoliberal e neocolonial. Argumento que a autodeterminação indígena, com base em pensadores indígenas, decoloniais e marxistas, inclui dois elementos: o direito de exercer efetivamente a autonomia em suas comunidades, bem como a participação na tomada de decisões no estado-nação. Mostro que menos de um terço dos países do continente reconhecem formalmente a autodeterminação indígena em suas Constituições, e que a maioria dos estados-nação que a reconhecem, considera apenas um elemento da autodeterminação indígena, não ambos, com mecanismos quase inexistentes para exercê-la efetivamente por todos os grupos indígenas.
Internet Archaeology: SEADDA Collection
Authors:   Archaeology Data Service, Wright Holly , Richards Julian D. ,   University of York
Published: November 2024

The COST Action Saving European Archaeology from the Digital Dark Age (SEADDA) was established to mitigate the loss of primary archaeological data by developing common understandings around data stewardship, building new best-practice networks to support the preservation and open dissemination of archaeological data, and the creation of more inclusive research partnerships. Marking the end of the SEADDA project, this collection brings together all the publications released over several years and over several issues into one place.
Evaluation of College Students’ Educational Quality Based on Integrated Learning Algorithm and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Liao Yuting
Published: November 2024

With the deepening of education informationization, the importance of a college education quality evaluation system has become increasingly prominent. This paper aims to research and develop a quality evaluation system for college students based on an integrated learning algorithm and support vector machine (SVM). By integrating multiple learning algorithms and the classification ability of SVM, the system comprehensively evaluates students’ learning outcomes. First, we preprocess the educational data, including data cleaning, feature selection and standardization. Then, using integrated learning algorithms, such as random forest and gradient lift tree, the system design adopts a modular architecture, including a data preprocessing module, feature engineering module, model training module and evaluation output module. The experimental results show that the system has high evaluation accuracy and stability on several university education data sets. Compared with the traditional single algorithm, ensemble learning combined with SVM has obvious advantages in dealing with high dimensional and nonlinear educational evaluation problems. In addition, the system also provides a user-friendly interface for educators and students to operate and query. It provides a new technical means for the evaluation of college education quality and also provides data support and decision-making reference for personalized education and precision teaching. In the future, the system will further integrate more machine learning algorithms and explore deeper data analysis techniques to achieve more accurate and comprehensive student quality evaluations.
Features of hydrocarbon liquid-based nanofluid under augmentation of parametric ranges in non-Darcy media
Authors: Adnan  , Nadeem Aneesa , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan Yasir , Akermi Mehdi , Hassani Rim
Published: November 2024

Transport properties of hydrocarbon liquid-based nanofluids in non-Darcy media have key significance in chemical, thermal and mechanical engineering. Therefore, the key focus of this research is to investigate the transport mechanism in nanofluid using Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) thermal conductivity model in non-Darcy media under squeezing and permeable effects. The functional fluid is a homogenous mixture of Cu and kerosene. The problem formation is carried out via nanofluid-enhanced properties and similarity rules. Then numerical scheme was endorsed for the results analysis under increasing physical ranges. It is observed that the velocity [Formula: see text] increased when the values of [Formula: see text] vary from 1.0 to 4.0. However, quick particles movement is noticed for [Formula: see text] for 1.0–4.0 and [Formula: see text]1.0 to [Formula: see text]4.0. Further, the thermal process in Cu/kerosene depreciates for [Formula: see text], 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, [Formula: see text], 4, 6, 8 and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]4.0, [Formula: see text]6.0, [Formula: see text]8.0, respectively. The stronger permeability of the lower plate highly reduced the fluid movement and depreciation in the movement can be optimized when the fluid sucks from the channel through the lower plate.
Informer-Based Method for Stock Intraday Price Prediction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Sun Yu , Ding Ying , Ning Jiaxu , Zhang Changsheng
Published: November 2024

As a component of the capital market, the stock market plays a very important role in economic development. How to predict the stock price more accurately is the key concern of researchers and investors. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an Informer based method for stock intraday price prediction. Informer based on attention mechanism can efficiently capture precise long-range dependencies between input and output to increase the prediction capacity. In this research, historical K-line data of traditional securities in China’s financial market are collected. Based on this data set, the intraday stock price prediction performance of Informer and Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM) is compared. The experiment also uses the three-day K-line model to perform pattern recognition on the K-line data of candidate stocks. The results show that the prediction performance of Informer is significantly higher than that of LSTM, and the data information after three-day K-line pattern recognition can improve the prediction accuracy of Informer and reduce time and space overhead of Informer.
From Mammals to Insects: Exploring the Genetic and Neural Basis of Eating Behavior
Authors: Mahishi Deepthi , Agrawal Naman , Jiang Wenshuai , Yapici Nilay
Published: November 2024

Obesity and anorexia are life-threatening diseases that are still poorly understood at the genetic and neuronal levels. Patients suffering from these conditions experience disrupted regulation of food consumption, leading to extreme weight gain or loss and, in severe situations, death from metabolic dysfunction. Despite the development of various behavioral and pharmacological interventions, current treatments often yield limited and short-lived success. To address this, a deeper understanding of the genetic and neural mechanisms underlying food perception and appetite regulation is essential for identifying new drug targets and developing more effective treatment methods. This review summarizes the progress of past research in understanding the genetic and neural mechanisms controlling food consumption and appetite regulation, focusing on two key model organisms: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse Mus musculus. These studies investigate how the brain senses energy and nutrient deficiency, how sensory signals trigger appetitive behaviors, and how food intake is regulated through interconnected neural circuits in the brain.
Meiotic Drive and Speciation
Authors: Searle Jeremy B. , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando
Published: November 2024

Meiotic drive is the biased transmission of alleles from heterozygotes, contrary to Mendel's laws, and reflects intragenomic conflict rather than organism-level Darwinian selection. Theory has been developed as to how centromeric properties can promote female meiotic drive and how conflict between the X and Y chromosomes in males can promote male meiotic drive. There are empirical data that fit both the centromere drive and sex chromosome drive models. Sex chromosome drive may have relevance to speciation through the buildup of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities involving drive and suppressor systems, studied particularly in Drosophila. Centromere drive may promote fixation of chromosomal rearrangements involving the centromere, and those fixed rearrangements may contribute to reproductive isolation, studied particularly in the house mouse. Genome-wide tests suggest that meiotic drive promotes allele fixation with regularity, and those studying the genomics of speciation need to be aware of the potential impact of such fixations on reproductive isolation. New species can originate in many different ways (including multiple factors acting together), and a substantial body of work on meiotic drive point to it being one of the processes involved.
Caregiver‐Level Mental Health as a Contextual Effect in the Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Zhou Zhaohe , Xu Yi , Luo Dan , Hou Hao , Ao Mengqin , Liu Shuo , Liu Qian , Zhou Huijing , Wang Xiaoqin , Yang Bing Xiang , Zhou Yang , Zhao Jun
Published: November 2024

Background: Suicidal ideation poses a significant risk for suicidal behavior among adolescents globally. While studies have highlighted the association between anxiety and suicidal ideation, little is known regarding these behaviors in the Chinese adolescent population, as well as possible contextual factors that may influence this relationship. This study explores the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and suicidal ideation in an urban Chinese in‐school adolescent population and investigates the contextual influence of primary caregiver mental health, considering comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia.

Methods: Data from the Students’ Mental Health Network (SMHN) project in Wuhan, China, involving 7967 adolescents and their primary caregivers, were analyzed. The study assessed adolescents’ and primary caregivers’ mental health, including depression, insomnia, and GAD. Suicidal ideation was measured using the 9th item of Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine associations between GAD and suicidal ideation, adjusting for covariates. Contextual effects were explored to determine how the mental health of the primary caregiver influences suicidal ideation.

Results: The study found that GAD is independently associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents after accounting for other mental health covariates. Specifically, adolescents with more severe GAD symptoms, particularly subtype symptoms of “Restlessness” and “Irritability,” had a higher likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation. There were significant contextual effects on adolescent suicidal ideation at the caregiver mental health level. Adolescents with caregivers experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms had an increased risk of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions: This research highlights the importance of recognizing GAD as an independent risk factor for suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents. It also emphasizes the role of caregiver mental health as a contextual factor. The findings suggest a need for holistic interventions addressing both adolescents’ and caregivers’ mental well‐being, ultimately enhancing suicide prevention efforts.
Rumination and Self‐Compassion Moderate Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Recurrent and Persistent Major Depressive Disorder: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Lubbers Jelle , Geurts Dirk E. M. , Spinhoven Philip , Cladder-Micus Mira B. , Ennen Demi , Speckens Anne E. M. , Spijker Jan
Published: November 2024

Background: Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Understanding for whom and how MBCT works may allow for improvements in treatment allocation and effectiveness. In this study, our aim was to investigate depressive rumination, content‐independent perseverative thinking, mindfulness skills, and self‐compassion as potential moderators and mediators of MBCT.

Methods: In this non‐randomized controlled trial, patients with persistent (n = 53) or recurrent MDD with (n = 31) or without (n = 51) a current depressive episode were assigned to an intervention (MBCT plus treatment as usual [TAU], n = 94) or control group (TAU only, n = 40) based on the time between the date of inclusion and the start of MBCT. Assessments were carried out before, halfway, and after 8 weeks of MBCT + TAU or TAU. Latent growth models were employed to examine moderation, while cross‐lagged structural equation models were used to assess the mediating effects of several possible mediators of MBCT‐induced change in depressive symptoms and overall functional impairment.

Results: MBCT + TAU was more effective in reducing depressive symptoms (and overall functional impairment than TAU with a medium [d = −0.54] and small [d = 0.44] effect size, respectively). Higher baseline levels of rumination and perseverative thinking and lower levels of self‐compassion moderated the effect of MBCT on depressive symptoms and overall functional impairment. Task‐based negative intrusive thoughts moderated the effects of MBCT on overall functional impairment. No mediators were established, particularly due to a lack of effect of MBCT on all assessed mediators at mid‐treatment. For interpretative purposes, a sample split (based on Johnson–Newman values) showed moderate‐to‐large effects in depressive symptom reduction for those with high rumination, high perseverative thinking, and low self‐compassion, while negative‐to‐small nonsignificant effects were found for the opposite traits.

Conclusion: In the future, MBCT allocation based on levels of rumination and self‐compassion might lead to a more efficient reduction in depressive symptoms. Directions for mediation analysis within the context of MBCT for depression are discussed.

Preregistration: This study was initially preregistered in the Dutch National Trial Register (NL7842). However, due to the NTR no longer being available since June 2022, the trial was reregistered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05802966, dd 09‐Apr‐2023). The statistical analysis plan was adjusted after the start of the trial but before the finalization of data collection (NCT05802966; ClinicalTrials.gov).
Stability and Uniqueness Results for the Nonseparated Boundary Conditions of Nonlinear Coupled System of Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Al-khateeb Areen , Zureigat Hamzeh , Batiha Belal , Alkhazaleh Shawkat
Published: November 2024

In this article, the focus is on investigating the uniqueness, existence, and stability of a coupled system of fractional differential equations with non‐separated coupled boundary conditions. The uniqueness of solutions for the presented problem is discussed by employing the fixed‐point theorem. The Leray–Schauder’s alternative is used to investigate the existence of solutions for the presented equation. A formulation of certain conditions for the Hyers–Ulam type stability of solutions pertaining to the boundary value problem (BVP) is discussed. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to examine and illustrate our results.
Bifenthrin’s Environmental Fate: An Insight Into Its Soil Sorption and Degradation Studies
Authors: Al-Hawadi Jehad S. , Majid Sara , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Eldesoky Gaber E. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas
Published: November 2024

To fully comprehend each pesticide’s behavior and interactions with soil and the environment, a thorough and nuanced analysis of each one is thought necessary. In this study, 10 randomly selected heterogeneous soil samples, each with distinct characteristics, were subjected to sorption trials as well as disintegration tests using biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis. For sorption tests, the batch equilibrium approach was used, which revealed a dependence on the soils’ physicochemical characteristics. Bifenthrin’s distribution coefficient (Kd) varied from 7.27 to 25.89 μg·ml−1, with R2 values varying from 0.92 to 0.99. Each soil physicochemical characteristic was associated with the various sorptive outcomes, which suggested an exothermic adsorptive reaction based on the negative thermodynamic values. The hydrolysis, soil‐induced biodegradation, and photolysis processes had the shortest half‐lives of bifenthrin, measuring 13.5 days, 12 days, and 121.5 days, respectively. According to these findings, bifenthrin has a moderate amount of binding and stability in soil, which makes partial decomposition of parent and daughter molecules challenging. This research advances our knowledge of bifenthrin’s deteriorating processes and aids in the creation of cutting‐edge strategies for ecological restoration using natural processes.
Flavonoids Isolated From Delphinium semibarbatum Flowering Aerial Parts With Their Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiswarming Activity Against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lotfaliani Mohammadreza , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Kobarfard Farzad , Majnooni Mohammad Bagher , Mirzaei Arezoo , Ghanadian Mustafa , Farzaei Mohammad Hossain
Published: November 2024

Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogens associated with CAUTIs. Understanding their significance is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. In this study, the Delphinium semibarbatum flavonoid‐rich fraction (DSF) was analyzed, and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiswarming properties against these two bacterial species were evaluated. In the phytochemical analysis, four flavonoids, including kaempferol, 4′‐O‐methyl quercetin, quercetin, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐beta‐D‐glucopyranoside (K3G), were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of DSF on P. mirabilis and S. aureus was 1000 μg/mL. Similarly, kaempferol, K3G, and 4′‐O‐methyl quercetin exhibited inhibitory effects of 20%, 13%, and 12%, respectively, at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL compared to the P. mirabilis control. However, the MIC50 of kaempferol and 4′‐O‐methyl quercetin for S. aureus were 125 μg/mL and 62.25 μg/mL, respectively. K3G exhibited an inhibitory effect of 37% at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. DSF reduced biofilm at 1 mg/mL by 78% and 74% for P. mirabilis and S. aureus, respectively. Quercetin was the most effective in inhibiting P. mirabilis biofilm formation, with a 96% inhibition rate, followed by kaempferol and K3G, with 67% and 29%, respectively, at the same concentration. The best bioactive compound against biofilm inhibition of S. aureus was quercetin at 250 μg/mL, exhibiting 90% inhibition, followed by K3G, 4′‐O‐methyl quercetin, and kaempferol with 81%, 45%, and 33%, respectively, at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. In the swarming inhibition assay, DSF showed 78% inhibition at concentrations of 5 μg/mL. Similarly, all bioactive compounds showed 45% antiswarming activity at this concentration. The docking results of the isolated flavonoids on two target proteins, SarA and MrpH, showed that the presence of the methoxy group in the structure of 4′‐O‐methyl quercetin reduced its interaction with these two proteins. In the ADMET prediction, isolated flavonoids showed good predicted properties suitable for treating these two microbial species in urinary infection diseases.
Table S2 from The Novel Nucleoside Analogue ProTide NUC-7738 Overcomes Cancer Resistance Mechanisms In Vitro and in a First-In-Human Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Schwenzer Hagen , De Zan Erica , Elshani Mustafa , van Stiphout Ruud , Kudsy Mary , Morris Josephine , Ferrari Valentina , Um In Hwa , Chettle James , Kazmi Farasat , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Nijman Sebastian , Serpi Michaela , Symeonides Stefan , Plummer Ruth , Harrison David J. , Bond Gareth , Blagden Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Table S2 related to Figure 2: Genome wide haploid genetic screen identifies genes necessary for the activity of 3'-dA and NUC-7738