bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the weather conditions for urban cyclists by spatially dense measurements with an agent‐based approach
Authors: Schmitt Amelie U. , Burgemeister Finn , Dorff Henning , Finn Tobias , Hansen Akio , Kirsch Bastian , Lange Ingo , Radtke Jule , Ament Felix
Published: November 2023

Convincing commuters to use a bike is a timely contribution to reach sustainability goals. However, more than other modes of transportation, cycling is heavily influenced by the current meteorological conditions. In this study, we assess the weather conditions experienced on individual cycling routes through an urban environment and how weather observations and forecasts may give guidance to a better cycling experience. We introduce an agent‐based model that simulates cycling trips in Hamburg, Germany, and a three‐category traffic light scheme for precipitation, wind and temperature comfort. We use these tools to evaluate the cycling weather based on the commonly used single‐station measurement approach versus spatially dense observations from an urban station network and radar measurements. Analysis of long‐term data from a single station shows that most frequently discomfort is caused by temperature with a probability of 33%. Wind and precipitation discomfort occur only for about 5% of the rides. While temperature conditions can be well assessed by a single station, only one‐third of critical precipitation events and less than 10% of critical wind events are captured. With perfect knowledge, temporal flexibility in start time of less than ±30 min reduces the risk of getting wet by 50%. For precipitation, nowcasting is able to predict 30% of the critical events correctly, which is significantly better than model forecasts. Operational ensemble forecast provides satisfactory guidance concerning temperature; however, the limited predictability of precipitation and wind renders these forecasts only useful for riders with a high risk‐awareness and small sensitivity to false alarms.
Numerical analysis of temporal second‐order accurate scheme for the abstract Volterra integrodifferential equation
Authors: Huang Qiong , Bi Wenbin , Cui Hongxin , Guo Tao
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a second‐order accurate scheme is considered for the temporal discretization of the abstract Volterra integrodifferential equation with a weakly singular kernel. The time discrete scheme is constructed by the Crank–Nicolson method for approximating the time derivative and product integration (PI) rule for approximating the integral term. The proposed scheme employs a graded mesh for time to compensate for the singular behavior of the exact solution at
. Under the suitable assumptions, the stability and convergence are established by the energy argument, and the error is of order
, where
is the parameter for the time grids. Numerical experiments validate the theoretical estimate.
Padé via Arnoldi with single‐size matrix simplification for electromagnetic fast frequency sweep
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Qi‐Jun , Jin Jing , Liu Wei , Zhang Jianan
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a new Padé via Arnoldi algorithm with single‐size matrix simplification for electromagnetic (EM) fast frequency sweep. New equations are derived to reduce the double‐size system matrix to single‐size system matrix. We also propose a systematic algorithm to calculate S‐parameters using the simplified single‐size system matrix. Using the proposed algorithm, the EM responses can be obtained with the same accuracy while consuming much less time compared with that using the existing double‐size matrix Padé via Lanczos. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by two microwave examples.
Sustained clinical benefit following systemic gene replacement therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: McMillan Hugh J. , Lochmüller Hanns
Published: November 2023

See article on pages 93–98 in this issue.
Fault detection methods for 2D and 3D geomechanical numerical models
Authors: Adwan Anthony , Maillot Bertrand , Souloumiac Pauline , Barnes Christophe
Published: November 2023

We develop automated methods for fault detection utilizing static stress and deformation fields at the onset of failure derived from numerical analysis. We calculate combinations and normalization of the distance from the Mohr circle to the Coulomb envelope, and of the second deviatoric strain invariant. A variation of the Cauchy distribution of these fields allows us to focus on the low values indicating rupture, with the help of the scale parameter δ. A threshold is then applied to decide at each spatial node of the mesh whether the material has reached failure or not. We then determine fault lines and planes from these isolated failure zones using image processing techniques, such as the Hough and the Radon transforms, or through a combined approach involving automated sorting of the nodes reaching failure through the k‐means clustering technique followed by polynomial fitting to retrieve analytic expressions of the fault curves (in 2D) or fault surfaces (in 3D). The methods are efficient except when the stress field results in diffuse rupture zones that do not localize onto fault surfaces despite tuning δ. We also highlight the advantages of using the combined clustering/poly‐fitting approach for 3D models compared to the image processing techniques. These automated fault detection methods should be useful in the interpretation of diverse failure mechanisms obtained through parametric sensitivity analyses requiring hundreds of simulations. The stress and strain fields used were derived from a numerical implementation of limit analysis, but classical finite‐difference or finite‐element techniques could have been used.
5 questions with: Jasmine Van Schaick of University of Virginia
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: November 2023

In our recurring “5 questions with” series, the Recruiting and Retaining Adult Learners marketing column profiles a communications professional through a brief Q&A. This month, we introduce you to Jasmine Van Schaick, Associate Director of Graduate Programs Marketing at University of Virginia McIntire School of Commerce.
The qualities of a good enrollment manager
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: November 2023

In 1976, in an article in Boston College's Bridge Magazine, Dean of Admission, John Maguire, defined enrollment management as a process that brings together disparate functions related to recruiting, funding, tracking, and retaining students as they enroll, progress, and graduate.
Supporting international students with disabilities
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

Dr. Loren O’Connor, the Director of Kolpin & O’Connor Global Consultants, an international firm specializing in helping universities create accessible education offices and advancing key equity and inclusion initiatives, discusses how postsecondary institutions can support international students with disabilities. You can contact Dr. O’Connor at dr.oconnor.global@gmail.com.
A radial basis function (RBF)‐finite difference method for solving improved Boussinesq model with error estimation and description of solitary waves
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mostafa , Bagheri Salec AliReza , Hatim Aal‐Ezirej Taghreed Abdul‐Kareem
Published: November 2023

The Boussinesq equation has some application in fluid dynamics, water sciences and so forth. In the current paper, we study an improved Boussinesq model. First, a finite difference approximation is employed to discrete the derivative of the temporal variable. Then, we study the existence and uniqueness of solution of the semi‐discrete scheme according to the fixed point theorem. In addition, the unconditional stability and convergence of the semi‐discrete scheme are presented. Then, we construct the fully discrete formulation based upon the radial basis function‐finite difference method. The convergence rate and stability of the fully‐discrete scheme are analyzed. In the end, some examples in 1D and 2D cases are studied to corroborate the capability of the proposed scheme.
Neanderthal use of animal bones as retouchers at the Level XV of the Sopeña rock shelter (Asturias, northern Spain)
Authors: Romero Antonio J. , Yravedra José , Grandal‐d'Anglade Aurora , Pinto‐Llona Ana C.
Published: November 2023

Bone retouchers are a technological appliance used to perfect lithic tools efficiently. They are most frequently found in Middle Palaeolithic contexts. In this paper, we present a group of bone retouchers from the Mousterian Level XV of the Sopeña rock shelter (Asturias, Spain). The bone part preferred was the middle part of the shaft of long bones: Most of them are on metacarpals, followed by metatarsals, femurs, and tibias. The most used animal species is adult red deer. These retouchers have either one, two, or three active areas, with a central disposition. The impact marks are close together; oval pits are common, as well as straight, sinuous, and irregular grooves. The surfaces on these marks appear pitted and scaled. There are indications that the bones employed were relatively fresh. The length, width, and thickness of those bone fragments seem to be the determining factor when choosing them to be used as retouchers in the process of finishing lithic tools. The formats documented in Sopeña Level XV are similar to those found in other Mousterian sites in Iberia, although there is a certain variability regarding their width. The Neanderthals of Sopeña acquired the raw material for these retouchers from the faunal remains generated in the process of butchering and eating the animals. These retouchers were used as implements to perfect lithic tools made mainly on quartzite, and they were used repeatedly and maybe for a long time.
Low‐velocity impact response and post‐impact assessment of self‐healing composites with different stacking configurations of core–shell nanofibers
Authors: Cai Haopeng , Gan Yu , Chen Boxue , Mao Chi , Gao Lihua , Li Mengzhi , Wang Kuo
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the low‐velocity impact (LVI) and self‐healing behavior of carbon fiber composite laminates interlaced with electrospun polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers (PAN@CFRP). The main goal is to investigate the influence of different stacking configurations of core–shell nanofibers on the impact resistance and self‐healing properties of composite laminates. To achieve the purpose, three different stacking configurations were designed and tested alongside virgin specimens. The damage mechanism and self‐healing of laminates following LVI were determined using ultrasonic C‐scan and cross‐sectional microscopy examinations. At an impact energy of 14.1 J, the flexural strength of the post‐healing PAN‐3@CFRP specimen reached 95.0% of the initial value, whereas at an impact energy of 21.8 J, severe impact damage was observed in the laminates with different configurations. Among the laminates, the PAN‐1@CFRP specimen had the highest flexural strength after healing, which reached 80.1% of its pre‐impact strength. As observed, the impact resistance and self‐healing capacity of composites could be significantly enhanced by optimizing the distribution configuration of core–shell nanofibers for various impact energies.

Highlights

The introduction of electrospun core–shell nanofibers has not significantly compromised the mechanical properties of the composites, but rather enhanced their toughness.

The addition of core–shell nanofibers significantly enhances the impact resistance of the composites and imparts excellent self‐healing properties to the material.

The flexural strength of impact‐damaged specimens with different stacking configurations can be restored up to 95% of the undamaged specimen after repair treatment.

Significantly improved impact resistance and self‐healing ability of laminates by optimizing the distribution configuration of core–shell nanofibers between composite layers.
An observational post‐authorization safety study (PASS) of naloxegol drug utilization in four European countries
Authors: Kvarstein Gunnvald , Kindlundh‐Högberg Anna MS , Ould Setti Mounir , Namane Rafik , Muzwidzwa Ruvimbo , Richter Hartmut , Hakkarainen Katja M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Naloxegol has been shown to be an efficient alternative to treat opioid‐induced constipation (OIC). This study aimed at describing the characteristics of naloxegol users and assessing patterns of naloxegol use and associated factors.

Methods

This drug utilization cohort study used observational registry data on patients newly prescribed naloxegol in four European countries. Patient characteristics and patterns of naloxegol use and associated factors were described.

Results

A total of 17 254 naloxegol users were identified across the countries. Their median age was 56–71 years, and each country had a majority of women (ranging 57.5%–62.9%). Multiple comorbidities, including cancer, were common. Natural opium alkaloids and osmotically acting laxatives (excluding saline) were the most frequently used opioids and laxatives. Overall prior use of opioids ranged from 91.9% to 99.6% and overall prior use of laxatives ranged from 69.9% to 92.4%. Up to 77.7% had prior use of medications with interaction potential, and up to 44.5% used them concurrently with naloxegol. Naloxegol was discontinued by 55.1%–90.9% of users, typically during the first 30 days. Approximately 10%–30% switched to or augmented the treatment with another constipation medication or restarted naloxegol after discontinuation. Augmentation with another constipation medication was relatively common, suggesting that naloxegol was used for multifactorial constipation.

Conclusion

The present study reflects real‐world clinical use of naloxegol, including in vulnerable patient groups. Some naloxegol users lacked laxative or regular opioid use within six months before index date or used naloxegol concomitantly with medications presenting an interaction potential.
Synthesis of extended π‐conjugated hypercrosslinked polymers via a Friedel–Crafts reaction and an intramolecular Scholl coupling reaction
Authors: Wang Kewei , Wu Zhaoxia , Tang Linting , Ji Na , Zhang Chong , Jia Zhifang , Liu Ming
Published: November 2023

Long‐range conjugated structures are important for increasing the conductivity and broadening the application scope of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs). It is, however, difficult to fabricate long‐range conjugated structures using conventional HCP synthesis methods. Herein, we report a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of HCPs with extended π‐conjugated structures through Friedel–Crafts and intramolecular Scholl‐coupling reactions from readily available aromatic compounds under mild conditions. Two conjugated HCPs (C‐HCPs), namely, C‐HCP‐ATA and C‐HCP‐TPB, were prepared from anthracene (ATA) and triphenylbenzene (TPB), respectively, using this method. The proposed strategy not only ensures a high specific surface area of materials but also introduces a long‐range conjugated structure into HCPs. The lithium‐ion battery applications of the C‐HCPs were investigated. As anode materials, C‐HCP‐ATA and C‐HCP‐TPB displayed higher lithium storage capacities, better conductivity, and higher stability than their precursors, HCP‐ATA and HCP‐TPB, which were prepared using the conventional method.
Flavour, culture and food security: The spicy entanglements of chile pepper conservation in 21st century Mexico
Authors: Sclavo Daniela
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Political interests and power structures shape state‐led crop conservation and food policy. As a crop that relates to culture and belonging, the chile crop is ideal for exploring how food security policy and crop conservation schemes integrate aspects beyond staple crops, calories and/or electoral incentives. What do these schemes mean for the food and ingredients we love? Reflecting from this perspective can be useful to grasp, re‐frame and create more effective and inclusive food policies—ones that embody and valorise flavour, identities and territories beyond statements on paper.

In line with the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) international action plan for crop genetic resources, the Mexican state inaugurated the National System of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (SINAREFI) in 2002. In this paper, I explore SINAREFI's interest in landraces and in situ conservation through the case of chile pepper, set under the Ministry of Agriculture's interests of promoting industrial agriculture and paternalistic food security welfare programmes.

Through the analyses of existing literature on food security in Mexico state programmes, archival work and interviews, this article analyses how discourses on food security shape research trajectories, some of which are inevitably constrained by current market‐based agricultural systems.

By exploring the state's chile research and conservation programme, this work demonstrates the complexity of international food security discourse and its application domestically. Particularly, this analysis highlights the limitations of state crop research and conservation efforts imposed by contradictory agricultural policies. In the case of chile, its link to Mexican culture and diet uncovers an important, but often overlooked, aspect of food security: flavour.

In the case of chile, a non‐staple but culturally symbolic crop, welfare programmes remained paternalistic and focused on caloric intake despite the transformation of national discourse on food security towards the integration of landraces and local cultures through the inauguration of SINAREFI. This case study reflects on the limits of current framings and strategies regarding food security and the need to direct policies towards local food sovereignty to achieve the necessary stability for food security to endure.
Plant nutritional value of aquaculture water produced by feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) alternative protein diets: A lettuce and basil case study
Authors: Jones Jeffrey J. , Shaw Christopher , Chen Tsu‐Wei , Staß Christopher Martin , Ulrichs Christian , Riewe David , Kloas Werner , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Refining circular multitrophic food production methods, which integrate plant, fish, and insect outputs, is imperative for environmental sustainability. Our findings suggest that the right protein choices in fish feed, like black soldier fly meal and poultry meal, can notably enhance the nutrient profile of fish waste water. This, in turn, is conducive for hydroponic cultivation, enhancing the nutritional attributes of plants like basil and lettuce. As we reduce environmental impact and optimize resource use, it is evident that our food ecosystems are deeply intertwined. Harnessing these synergies could redefine our approach to food production, paving the way for a more sustainable global future.

Optimization of nutrient use efficiencies in circular multitrophic food production systems (i.e., plant, fish, and insect production) is crucial for sustainability. This study tested how protein ingredient choice in fish feed influences the plant nutritional value of the fish waste water when used for hydroponic crop production.

Waste water samples were obtained from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in which Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed different single protein source diets—black soldier fly meal (BSFM), poultry by‐product meal (PM), poultry blood meal (PBM), and fish meal. Water was analyzed for plant nutrients and used for lettuce and basil cultivation to evaluate their suitability for hydroponic crop production—viz. yield, mineral nutrient, and selected secondary metabolite levels.

BSFM RAS water had the highest concentrations of K, Mg, and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn) of the RAS waters, whereas PM RAS water contained the highest P concentration and had a mean pH of 6.5 closer to the optimum pH for hydroponic plants. These RAS waters consequently lead to the highest yields in basil and lettuce indicating the importance of the aforementioned factors.

From a plant production perspective, BSFM appears promising as a protein source in fish feeds for aquaponics. Usage of RAS waters for plant production helps reduce (i) environmental impact of RAS water and (ii) resource input in plant production. Longer term RAS trials should be conducted to determine the maximum nutrient concentrations achievable during fish production with diets including BSFM as the main protein source.
Incidence and risk factors of prostate cancer among the Northern and Eastern parts of the United Arab Emirates population
Authors: Al Shareef Zainab , Al‐Shahrabi Rula , Saheb Sharif‐Askari Fatemeh , AlDhmanie Amna , Alshamsi Younis , Zarooni Abdulqadir Al , Mahmoud Rabah Al , Soliman Sameh S. M. , Halwani Rabih , Bendardaf Riyad
Published: November 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent disease worldwide. However, the incidence and patient‐specific risk factors of PCa in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates, have not been previously reported.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 2377 men diagnosed with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or PCa in the Northern and Eastern regions of the United Arab Emirates, excluding the Western part, which includes Abu Dhabi. The study spanned from January 2012 and December 2021. To calculate the PCa incidence rate, we utilized the world age‐standardized incidence rates (W‐ASIR) categorized by age groups. Patient‐specific risk factors of PCa were identified through a multivariate logistic regression analysis of clinical data.

Results

A total of 247 cases of PCa and 2130 cases of BPH were included in the study. In our cohort, the W‐ASIR for PCa was 21.3 per 100,000 men. The incidence of PCa showed an increasing trend with age, with the highest incidence observed among men aged 70 years and older. Accordingly, multivariate analysis revealed that age over 70 was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR: 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.892−3.425, p < 0.01). On the other hand, preexisting conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found to lower the risk of PCa (OR: 0.222, 95% CI: 0.163−0.302, p < 0.001) and (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.205−0.648, p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, metformin intake was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.190−0.782, p = 0.008); while insulin usage increased the risk of PCa (OR: 2.586, 95% CI: 1.539−4.344, p < 0.001). Anti‐BPH medications such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (OR: 0.223, 95% CI: 0.069−0.723, p = 0.012) or 5‐α reductase (OR: 0.206, 95% CI: 0.110−0.389, p < 0.000), were found to lower the risk of PCa.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the high incidence of PCa in the United Arab Emirates, with age being a significant factor. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of certain comorbidities and medications on the risk of developing PCa within the United Arab Emirates population.
Development of PE‐based antibacterial and antioxidant films with L‐ascorbic acid‐p‐hydroxybenzoate addition
Authors: Tang Yali , Zhu Junhui , Li Yan , Lu Lixin , Qiu Xiaolin , Pan Liao
Published: November 2023

In this work, a PE‐based antibacterial and antioxidant material was successfully developed. L‐Ascorbic acid and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid were used as raw materials to synthesize L‐ascorbic acid‐p‐hydroxybenzoate (LPHB) by direct esterification method. LPHB was added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and coated on corona‐treated low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film coated with primer layer to prepare a composite film. The effects of different concentrations of LPHB on the performance of composite films were investigated to determine the optimal amount of addition, and then to prepare both antibacterial and antioxidant films. The antimicrobial properties of LPHB were analysed. The antibacterial, antioxidant, mechanical, barrier properties and morphology of the films were characterized and analysed. The results showed that the addition of LPHB significantly improved the antibacterial and anti‐mould properties, oxidation resistance, and barrier properties of the composite film compared to the LDPE film. The best overall performance of the composite film was achieved when the content of LPHB was 1.5%, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99%, and the free radical scavenging rate reached 67.22%. In addition, the cling film added with LPHB has better antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which has obvious effect on bread preservation and has potential for application in food packaging.
Tracking sustainable development from the dual perspective of environmental and economic performance: A dynamic framework and coupling coordination degree
Authors: Gu Jiaxing , Zeng Shouzhen , Chen Wendi , Balezentis Tomas , Sapolaite Vaida
Published: November 2023

Evaluation of green development is crucial for policy analysis and decision‐making. To address the research gap on green development assessment systems, this study first presents the Super‐efficiency Bounded Adjusted Measure model to gage the green growth index and economic growth index. This analysis involves evaluation of the coupling coordination degree. Through the analysis of the coordination between green growth and economic growth leads to recommendations for each region under consideration in regards to promotion of the components of the sustainable growth. This study presents the model that melds the objectives of the green and economic growth and uses the results for constructing the sustainable development Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient for the analysis of the differences in the sustainable development levels across the regions. The empirical case is presented to show the possibilities for application of the proposed approach.
2D and 3D Micropatterning of Mussel‐Inspired Functional Materials by Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Tavasolyzadeh Zeynab , Tang Peng , Hahn Marc Benjamin , Hweidi Gada , Nordholt Niclas , Haag Rainer , Sturm Heinz , Topolniak Ievgeniia
Published: November 2023

This work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate‐independent high‐precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel‐inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub‐micron to micron resolution and extensive post‐functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel‐inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI‐lPG and MI‐dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single‐stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
Universal boosting ML approaches to predict the ultimate load capacity of CFST columns
Authors: Nguyen Thuy‐Anh , Le Nguyen Khuong , Ly Hai‐Bang
Published: November 2023

Establishing a universal machine learning (ML) model in structural engineering is vital for understanding how various parameters, like geometry and material properties, influence a structure's behavior. This study aims to create a comprehensive ML model that considers the impact of different cross‐sectional parameters on the ultimate load capacity (ULC) of concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns. This model assists engineers in making informed design decisions. The study employs a large dataset of 3094 data points with diverse geometric and material properties of CFST columns. After adjusting input features, robust boosting ML models (Catboost, LightGBM, and XGB) are meticulously fine‐tuned using grid search and fivefold cross‐validation. Monte Carlo simulation is used for further assessment. The results demonstrate that the most accurate XGB model delivers impressive accuracy, comparable to or better than existing literature models that focused on a single CFST column cross‐section. The chosen XGB model is then utilized for feature importance analysis, local performance assessment, and sensitivity analysis through 1‐D and 2‐D partial dependence plots. These analyses help assess the input's contribution and effect on ULC prediction for CFST columns.
Toward a justice‐centered ambitious teaching framework: Shaping ambitious science teaching to be culturally sustaining and productive in a rural context
Authors: Luehmann April , Zhang Yang , Boyle Heather , Tulbert Eve , Merliss Gena , Sullivan Kyle
Published: November 2023

We find ourselves at a time when the need for transformation in science education is aligning with opportunity. Significant science education resources, namely the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Ambitious Science Teaching (AST) framework, need an intentional aim of centering social justice for minoritized communities and youth as well as practices to enact it. While NGSS and AST provide concrete guidelines to support deep learning, revisions are needed to explicitly promote social justice. In this study, we sought to understand how a commitment to social justice, operationalized through culturally sustaining pedagogy (Paris, Culturally sustaining pedagogies and our futures. The Educational Forum, 2021; 85, pp. 364–376), might shape the AST framework to promote more critical versions of teaching science for equity. Through a qualitative multi‐case study, we observed three preservice teacher teams engaged in planning, teaching, and debriefing a 6‐day summer camp in a rural community. Findings showed that teachers shaped the AST sets of practices in ways that sustained local culture and addressed equity aims: anchoring scientific study in phenomena important to community stakeholders; using legitimizing students' stories by both using them to plan the following lessons and as data for scientific argumentation; introducing local community members as scientific experts, ultimately supporting a new sense of pride and advocacy for their community; and supporting students in publicly communicating their developing scientific expertise to community stakeholders. In shaping the AST framework through culturally sustaining pedagogy, teachers made notable investments: developing local networks; learning about local geography, history, and culture; building relationships with students; adapting lessons to incorporate students' ideas; connecting with community stakeholders to build scientific collaborations; and preparing to share their work publicly with the community. Using these findings, we offer a justice‐centered ambitious science teaching (JuST) framework that can deliver the benefits of a framework of practices while also engaging in the necessarily more critical elements of equity work.
Novel Active Disturbance Rejection‐Based Sliding‐Mode Control for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drives
Authors: Yuan Chenghao , Guo Liang , Zhang Xu , Lai Xiaojing , Lu Wenqi
Published: November 2023

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been widely used in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drive system for its strong anti‐disturbance ability and fast response speed. However, a large number of adjustment parameters add difficulties to its application. To solve this problem, a novel sliding mode‐based active disturbance rejection control (SM‐ADRC) with autotuned parameters is proposed in this paper. In this control strategy, the SM is incorporated with extended state observer (ESO) and nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) to reduce the number of adjustment parameters. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm is carried out to achieve the optimal configuration and realize parameter self‐tuning. The experimental results of the PMLSM speed servo system demonstrate the proposed control method has better suppression of chattering effect, disturbance rejection ability and fast dynamic response. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The use of gene expression datasets in feature selection research: 20 years of inherent bias?
Authors: Grisci Bruno I. , Feltes Bruno César , de Faria Poloni Joice , Narloch Pedro H. , Dorn Márcio
Published: November 2023

Feature selection algorithms are frequently employed in preprocessing machine learning pipelines applied to biological data to identify relevant features. The use of feature selection in gene expression studies began at the end of the 1990s with the analysis of human cancer microarray datasets. Since then, gene expression technology has been perfected, the Human Genome Project has been completed, new microarray platforms have been created and discontinued, and RNA‐seq has gradually replaced microarrays. However, most feature selection methods in the last two decades were designed, evaluated, and validated on the same datasets from the microarray technology's infancy. In this review of over 1200 publications regarding feature selection and gene expression, published between 2010 and 2020, we found that 57% of the publications used at least one outdated dataset, 23% used only outdated data, and 32% did not cite data sources. Other issues include referencing databases that are no longer available, the slow adoption of RNA‐seq datasets, and bias toward human cancer data, even for methods designed for a broader scope. In the most popular datasets, some being 23 years old, mislabeled samples, experimental biases, distribution shifts, and the absence of classification challenges are common. These problems are more predominant in publications with computer science backgrounds compared to publications from biology and can lead to inaccurate and misleading biological results.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining

Technologies > Machine Learning
Introduction: Has Cycling Got a Boost from the Pandemic?
Authors: Ortar Nathalie , Rérat Patrick
Published: November 2023

As the COVID-19 pandemic surged around the world at the beginning of 2020, all aspects of life were disrupted. This book looks back to spring 2020 and the end of the first lockdown, when many cities around the globe took measures to give cycling more space. It scrutinises the political and material responses to increase cycling during the pandemic. The introduction presents the 9 chapters as well as some of the lessons learned.
Public Action in Times of Crisis: Trajectories of Cycling Policies in Four French Cities
Authors: Thébert Mariane , Eskenazi Manon , Adam Matthieu , Baudelle Guy , Chapelon Laurent , Lammoglia Adrien , Lejoux Patricia , Marrec Sébastien , Poisson Adrien , Zimmermann Michaël
Published: November 2023

French local authorities developed over 500 km of pop-up cycling infrastructure to face the Covid-19 pandemic. These experiments raise questions about the impact of a crisis situation on public decision-making and policies. This chapter reports on a comprehensive analysis of the roll-out of the Covid cycle lanes in four metropolises—Paris, Lyon, Montpellier, and Rennes—with a particular attention to the factors of continuity or interruption pre-and post-crisis. It retraces the involvement in collective action of the different actors during the crisis peak, the reactions sparked by these measures, and the status of the temporary infrastructure in the local mobility policy landscape a year after it was introduced. It shows that the crisis has served more as an accelerator than as a course changer for public policies introducing elements of change for the future by slightly modifying the actors’ interests, representations, and instruments.
Pop-Up Bike Lanes and Temporary Shared Spaces in Vienna During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Frey Harald , Laa Barbara , Leth Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Similar to many cities, Vienna (Austria) implemented measures to provide more space for pedestrians and cyclists during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, the implementation process of the temporary shared spaces and “pop-up” bike lanes is described, and the evaluation results regarding their usage as well as the political decisions of their early removal are presented. With video recordings and manual counting, we found that pop-up bike lanes were well adopted by cyclists, but temporary shared spaces have largely failed to attract pedestrians. The possible reasons are discussed as well as the criteria for better implementation of temporary walking and cycling infrastructure in the future. Drawing on the multiple streams theory, we link the decision of suspending all temporary infrastructures to the political situation at the time with pop-up bike lanes as a highly controversial issue before the local elections in October 2020 and a change of government afterward. We conclude that this presents a lost opportunity to permanently redistribute road space for active mobility, but future initiatives could learn from the Vienna case by thinking more strategically about political aspects.
The Spatial Dimension of “Pop-Up Cycle Paths” in Metropolitan Areas a Comparative Study of France and Colombia
Authors: Demoraes Florent , Ovtracht Nicolas , Tabaka Kamila , Duché Sarah , Mericskay Boris , Sieper Camille
Published: November 2023

This chapter goes over how Covid-19 pandemic impacted in space and time on cycling infrastructure in four French cities (Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, and Rennes) which we have compared with Bogotá (Colombia). It shows that local authorities implemented different strategies to develop their networks during this unusual period running from 2020 to 2021. The sizeable task of researching, refining, harmonising, and comparing several sources was formalised to ensure reproducibility, and a typology drawn up to compare the five cities. Certain local authorities installed equipment mainly in central spaces, while others also extended infrastructure to the outskirts, in certain cases duplicating pre-existing cycling facilities. In some cities, such as Montpellier, Grenoble, and even more markedly Bogotá, low-income districts also benefited to a certain extent from pop-up cycling infrastructure. Concerning the extent of coverage, two years after the beginning of the pandemic, most of the pop-up cycling infrastructure in the cities under study had been dismantled, or else retained on the already dense parts of the network. In several cases pop-up tracks were used to make up for missing links in the pre-existing network. They also sometimes provided a way of improving certain connections, but given the small number of pop-up paths which became lasting facilities, they have not fundamentally expanded the scale of the networks as the pandemic recedes, nor have they made the cities significantly more cycle-friendly overall.
Hunting ewinos and a light scalar of Z3-NMSSM with a bino-like dark matter in top squark decays at the LHC
Authors: Datta AseshKrishna , Guchait Monoranjan , Roy Arnab , Roy Subhojit
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We explore a possible signal of the presence of relatively light electroweakinos (ewinos) and a singlet-like scalar (aS) of the Z3-symmetric Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (Z3-NMSSM) in the cascade decays of not so heavy top squarks ($$ {m}_{{\tilde{t}}_1} $$

m

t
~

1

≲ 1.5 TeV) that may be produced in pairs at the Large Hadron Collider LHC. We work in a scenario where the lightest (next-to-lightest) SUSY particle is bino (singlino)-like with its mass below 100 GeV and is mildly tempered with higgsino and singlino admixtures. The singlet-like scalar provides an annihilation funnel for the bino-like states such that the latter could act as a viable dark matter candidate, unlike what is now highly constrained in the MSSM. We consider a pair of immediately heavier neutralinos and the lighter chargino which all are higgsino-like with masses in the range ~ 0.5–1 TeV and are still compatible with all experimental constraints. While these states may not be accessible in their direct searches at the LHC in our present scenario, such ewinos could still be traced in the decays of the top squarks of the above-mentioned kind. We consider the signal final state "Image missing" at the LHC. We find that while a usual cut-based analysis (CBA) of LHC data worth 300 fb−1 would be unable to discover such excitations, a multivariate analysis (MVA) can be reasonably sensitive to higgsino-like ewinos having masses ≳ 650 GeV when $$ {m}_{{\tilde{t}}_1} $$

m

t
~

1

≳ 1 TeV. On the other hand, with 3000 fb−1 of data, these masses become accessible in a CBA while even an MVA on such a data set is unlikely to find these ewinos with masses around 1 TeV when $$ {m}_{{\tilde{t}}_1} $$

m

t
~

1

hits ∼ 1.5 TeV.
Impact of different metal artifact reduction techniques in photon-counting computed tomography head and neck scans in patients with dental hardware
Authors: Pallasch Fabian Bernhard , Rau Alexander , Reisert Marco , Rau Stephan , Diallo Thierno , Stein Thomas , Faby Sebastian , Bamberg Fabian , Weiss Jakob
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Metal artifacts remain a challenge in computed tomography. We investigated the potential of photon-counting computed tomography (PCD-CT) for metal artifact reduction using an iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithm alone and in combination with high keV monoenergetic images (140 keV) in patients with dental hardware.

Material and methods

Consecutive patients with dental implants were prospectively included in this study and received PCD-CT imaging of the craniofacial area. Four series were reconstructed (standard [PCD-CTstd], monoenergetic at 140 keV [PCD-CT140keV], iMAR corrected [PCD-CTiMAR], combination of iMAR and 140 keV monoenergetic [PCD-CTiMAR+140keV]). All reconstructions were assessed qualitatively by four radiologists (independent and blinded reading on a 5-point Likert scale [5 = excellent; no artifact]) regarding overall image quality, artifact severity, and delineation of adjacent and distant anatomy. To assess signal homogeneity and evaluate the magnitude of artifact reduction, we performed quantitative measures of coefficient of variation (CV) and a region of interest (ROI)–based relative change in artifact reduction [PCD-CT/PCD-CTstd].

Results

We enrolled 48 patients (mean age 66.5 ± 11.2 years, 50% (n = 24) males; mean BMI 25.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2; mean CTDIvol 6.2 ± 6 mGy). We found improved overall image quality, reduced artifacts and superior delineation of both adjacent and distant anatomy for the iMAR vs. non-iMAR reconstructions (all p < 0.001). No significant effect of the different artifact reduction approaches on CV was observed (p = 0.42). The ROI-based analysis indicated the most effective artifact reduction for the iMAR reconstructions, which was significantly higher compared to PCD-CT140keV (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

PCD-CT offers highly effective approaches for metal artifact reduction with the potential to overcome current diagnostic challenges in patients with dental implants.

Clinical relevance statement

Metallic artifacts pose a significant challenge in CT imaging, potentially leading to missed findings. Our study shows that PCD-CT with iMAR post-processing reduces artifacts, improves image quality, and can possibly reveal pathologies previously obscured by artifacts, without additional dose application.

Key Points

• Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) offers highly effective approaches for metal artifact reduction in patients with dental fillings/implants.

• Iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) is superior to high keV monoenergetic reconstructions at 140 keV for artifact reduction and provides higher image quality.

• Signal homogeneity of the reconstructed images is not affected by the different artifact reduction techniques.
Effect of pH on water durability of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced starch film
Authors: Haji Abdul Hamid Izzah Durrati , Soni Raghav , Hsu Yu-I. , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

The continuous use of single-use petrochemical-based plastics has created a global crisis with a significant buildup of plastic pollution. The use of biomass resources as a replacement source of plastic constituents, namely cellulose and starch, may contribute to alleviating the crisis. In this study, cellulose nanofiber-reinforced starch films were produced and studied for their pH response in terms of their swelling behavior and wet tensile strength in both freshwater and seawater conditions. Mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers (MCNFs) were blended with dialdehyde starch (Di-aldS) and made into MCNF/Di-aldS films. The films were found to swell more and had a lower wet tensile strength at pH of 9. The film’s strength reduced to 1.60 MPa in basic conditions, 80% less than in acidic environment. This is related to hemiacetal crosslinking, resulted from the interactions between the modified moieties of the starches and cellulose nanofibers. Such bioplastics enhance the reusability of cellulose nanofibers and have the potential to replace conventional petrochemical plastics to create a carbon–neutral circular society.

Graphical abstract
Preferences for Long-Acting PrEP Products Among Women and Girls: A Quantitative Survey and Discrete Choice Experiment in Eswatini, Kenya, and South Africa
Authors: Little Kristen M. , Hanif Homaira , Anderson Sharon M. , Clark Meredith R. , Gustafson Kiira , Doncel Gustavo F.
Published: November 2023

While oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can substantially reduce HIV risk, there are important barriers to uptake and adherence. We explored preferences for long-acting injectable and implantable PrEP among women and girls in Eswatini, Kenya, and South Africa. We conducted an online quantitative survey and discrete choice experiment (DCE) among adolescent girls (15–17), young women (18–29), and adult women (30–49). Participants completed a survey about their demographics and behavior and a DCE with 5 attributes (format, insertion location, number of insertions, dual-protection, and palpability). We recruited 1236 respondents (Eswatini = 420; Kenya = 350; South Africa = 493) in May 2022. Most participants were sexually active (72%), nearly 29% of whom reported recently engaging in transactional sex. 46% had heard of oral PrEP, but of those, only 16% reported having ever used it. Product format and dual-protection were significant predictors of product choice. Relative to a 2-month injection, participants had 1.76 times the odds (95% CI 1.08–2.04) of choosing a 6-month injectable, and 1.70 the odds (95% CI 1.06–1.92) of choosing a 12-month removable implant. Compared to a single-indication product, respondents had 2.46 times the odds (95% CI 1.04–2.68) of preferring a product also protecting against pregnancy, and 2.81 the odds (95% CI 1.04–3.05) of choosing a product that also protected against STIs. Adolescent girls and women in these countries showed strong preferences for longer-acting PrEP product formats, as well as those offering dual-protection. Introduction of long-acting options could improve PrEP uptake and reduce HIV burdens in east and southern African settings.