bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa Sala de Leitura no oeste paulista e a atuação docente: uma análise histórico-cultural
Authors: Ferreira Homéro , Trevizan Zizi , Francisco Marcos Vinicius
Published: August 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a identidade profissional, a formação docente e as práticas de mediação no Programa Sala de Leitura. Foram analisados os impactos do Programa na atuação docente, em três escolas públicas de uma cidade do oeste paulista. Foi assumida a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, do tipo estudo de caso, na perspectiva histórico-cultural bakhtiniana. A coleta dos dados centrou-se na análise documental e em entrevistas semiestruturadas com três docentes, responsáveis pela Sala de Leitura. Os resultados apontaram tanto o entusiasmo das docentes e o acesso a livros, revistas e jornais, possibilitado pelas ações de estimulação da leitura, como também as fragilidades nas condições ofertadas pelo Estado, que comprometeram a atuação mediadora dessas profissionais.
Sistemas de Representações Sociais: contribuições para a pesquisa em Educação
Authors: Brandão Caio Teixeira , Benevides Andrea Silva , Campos Pedro Humberto Faria
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta algumas contribuições da noção de sistemas de representações sociais (SRS) para a pesquisa em Educação, a partir de duas pesquisas com base na Abordagem Estrutural, que entende a representação social como um sistema de crenças que orienta e justifica as práticas de um determinado grupo. Em uma pesquisa no campo da Educação Profissional, por meio da Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) e da Análise Prototípica, foram identificados indícios da relação entre ensino técnico e capacitação profissional para alunos de cursos técnicos de nível médio de um Instituto Federal de Educação, que se estabelece a partir de uma noção polissêmica de oportunidade. Numa pesquisa-ação em Educação para a Saúde, realizada com funcionários de uma rede de supermercados, o uso de grupo focal permitiu identificar a relação entre saúde e atividade física e intervir para aumentar a adesão dos participantes à prática de exercício físico. A perspectiva sistêmica se contrapõe ao estudo de representações isoladas e oferece uma alternativa para o estudo das representações sociais, favorecendo um olhar psicossocial na intervenção e transformação das práticas educativas.
Demandas da avaliação da aprendizagem na Educação à Distância na perspectiva da Educação Superior
Authors: Salatino Vialana Ester , Morés Andréia
Published: August 2020

Contempla-se um rastreamento teórico da avaliação da aprendizagem no contexto da Educação a Distância (EaD) na perspectiva da educação superior. Baseia-se no atual cenário brasileiro, considerando o prejuízo da emancipação dos educandos com as mudanças e mercantilização da educação, que abrevia a formação para a autonomia e, transforma seus atores em oprimidos. Objetiva compreender o cenário educativo superior que permeia a avaliação na EaD. Aponta-se a avaliação como contribuição para processos de ensino e aprendizagem na modalidade da EaD permeada por tecnologias e, semelhante à avaliação presencial, visando a autonomia dos educandos além dos conhecimentos adquiridos. A educação superior passa por mudanças e a EaD expande significativamente, pressionadas pelas características de mercado.
O uso de casos de ensino nos cursos de Administração de Empresas no Brasil
Authors: Patto Martins Célia Beatriz , Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa
Published: August 2020

O uso de casos de ensinocomo ferramenta de suporte ao ensino nos cursos de Administração de Empresas e seus correlatos no Brasil tem crescido desde a sua introdução nos anos 1970. Os casos de ensino têm origem nos Estados Unidos da América, na Universidade de Harvard, com bons resultados de aprendizagem e o seu uso pode facilitar o processo de aprendizagem na sala de aula para solucionar problemas e situações empresariais reais. Este artigo, a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o uso de casos de ensino nos cursos de Administração de Empresas e correlatos no Brasil, buscou levantar os temas de pesquisas mais comuns, para com isso identificar possíveis lacunas e questões para futuras pesquisas.
Psicologia da Educação Matemática e formação de professores em grupos de pesquisas brasileiros
Authors: Lopes Beatriz Gouvea , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro , Faustino Ana Carolina
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se mapear a produção do conhecimento no campo da Psicologia da Educação Matemática, especificamente sobre o conceito de atitude na formação de professores a partir da tendência investigativa de três grupos de pesquisas brasileiros. O foco central do estudo foi levantar a tendência investigativa a fim de identificar suas contribuições para o avanço do debate teórico sobre a prática docente e atitude de professores dos anos iniciais no período de 2008 a 2018. Com a análise das teses e dissertações, evidenciamos a importância de tanto os familiares como os professores dos estudantes terem uma atitude positiva em relação à Matemática, pois estes indivíduos exercem forte influência na formação de atitudes.
Back to school, back to normality?
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: August 2020

Will the plan for all children to return to school in September be enough to mitigate the effects of what many families have experienced after so long at home in lockdown?
COVID-19 lockdown, lifestyle and self-care
Authors: Last Rhian
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to change our daily lives permanently. What does the evidence tell us about our lockdown habits and possible outcomes for the nation's health when the crisis is over?
Tiny Happy People: New resources for the early years
Authors: Hancock David
Published: August 2020

The launch of the BBC's Tiny Happy People initiative adds a wealth of resources in various formats to help parents support their children in the development of language and communication skills
A guide to positional plagiocephaly
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: August 2020

Flat head syndrome, or plagiocephaly, is a condition that affects the shape of the skull in infants. This article outlines the causes, symptoms and consequences of the condition and how therapies can help
Making a difference in troubled times
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: August 2020

The contribution of nurses in a wide variety of roles has demonstrated the depth of the knowledge and skills of our profession during the pandemic, says Crystal Oldman
The social relationships of three generations identified as disabled in childhood
Authors: Parsons Samantha , Platt Lucinda
Published: August 2020

Social isolation and loneliness have received substantial attention for their impacts on well-being and mortality. Both social isolation and loneliness can be experienced by anyone across the life course, but some are more vulnerable than others. One risk factor for poorer social outcomes is disability. We draw on data from three longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Study (Great Britain), Next Steps (England) and the Millennium Cohort Study (UK) to compare social relationships across three generations, born between 1958 and 2000/02 in countries of the UK. We examine social relationships at different life stages and how they differ between those who were and were not identified as disabled when they were teenagers. Adjusting for family background and educational attainment, which are associated with both disability and poorer social outcomes, we identify the long-term consequences of childhood disability for risks of social isolation among the older cohort. For the younger cohorts, we evaluate early indications of such patterns. We find substantially smaller intimate and friendship networks, and lower perceived social support among 50-year-olds who were disabled in childhood. Today’s disabled youth and teenagers also experience greater social isolation and risks of loneliness than their non-disabled contemporaries.
Gaussian beam spatial modifications for rectangular and sinusoidal diffraction gratings
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Vernon Ronald J.
Published: August 2020

In a previous paper we described an accurate method for tracking a Gaussian beam incident on a particular diffraction grating. In this paper we use the same method to track a fundamental Gaussian beam at microwave frequency incident upon rectangular and sinusoidal gratings for more general information about the interaction during the process. We extensively study how different parameters of the incident beam such as waist radius, beam frequency, incident angle, polarization direction, and grating depth affect the spatial modifications differently. This study is of great use for designing a millimeter-wave electromagnetic system for example measurements of components for a gyrotron.
Angle-resolved spectral reflectometry with a digital light processing projector
Authors: Choi Garam , Kim Mingyu , Kim Jinyong , Pahk Heui Jae
Published: August 2020

We describe a novel approach for angle-resolved spectral reflectometry using a digital light processing (DLP) projector. Here, the DLP generates ring patterned images which are projected on the back focal plane of an objective lens. This way, the proposed method quickly changes the angle of incidence with ease based on the relation between the radius of the back focal plane and the angle of incidence. As a result, a detector captures the intensity of the image plane based on the angular and spectral axis. As the proposed method detects the interesting spot of a sample image, it can easily locate the measurement spot with viewing the full field of view, and the spot size is reduced by adopting the fiber. This method is verified by comparing the measurement output of the thin-film samples with a commercial ellipsometer. The result shows that our the proposed method enables the high accuracy of the thin-film inspection.
Discrete space optical signal processing
Authors: Moeini Mohammad Moein , Sounas Dimitrios L.
Published: August 2020

As digital circuits are approaching the limits of Moore’s law, a great deal of effort has been directed to alternative computing approaches. Among them, the old concept of optical signal processing (OSP) has attracted attention, revisited in the light of metamaterials and nano-photonics. This approach has been successful in realizing basic mathematical operations, such as derivatives and integrals, but it is difficult to be applied to more complex ones. Here, inspired by digital filters, we propose a radically new OSP approach, able to realize arbitrary mathematical operations over a nano-photonic platform. Our concept consists in first sampling an optical signal in space through an array of optical antennas and then realizing the desired mathematical operation in discrete space through a network with a discrete number of input and output ports. The design of such network boils down to the design of a structure with a given scattering matrix, which for arbitrarily complex operations can be accomplished through inverse design algorithms. We demonstrate this concept for the case of spatial differentiation through a heuristic design based on a waveguide with periodic arrays of input/output channels at its opposite walls. Our approach combines the robustness and generality of traditional Fourier-based OSP with the compactness of nano-photonics and has the potential of transforming the design of OSP systems with applications in image processing and analog computing.
Stories and the life cabaret – Dwelling and becoming in music: Creation of a multi-art dance performance among people over 65
Authors: Ferm Almqvist Cecilia
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to describe and analyse what aspects of musical learning constitute the process of developing a collective artistic performance among twenty amateur dancers over 65 years old. In focus is how the musical learning proceeds throughout the project, where a series of workshops, consisting of training, choreography and improvisation, leads towards a common performance built on the participants’ life stories. The study takes Heidegger’s existential phenomenology as a starting point. Workshops, rehearsals and performances were observed, and video recorded regularly for one year. A sample of the participants was also interviewed. Generated material was analysed in a hermeneutic phenomenological manner. The results imply that the elderly people become themselves through movement in different musical situations. Crucial factors seem to be how they get to use themselves, each other, their bodies, their stories, their personal artistic forms of expressions and their imaginations, in interplay with music.
Investigation of the effect of chitosan and silver nanoparticles on the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from some milk products and diarrheal patients in Sohag city, Egypt
Authors: Hassanien Alshimaa A. , Shaker Eman M.
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes serious diseases in humans, especially when circulated in their food. This study was designed to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 using the fliC H7 gene in some milk products as kareish cheese, labena, and yoghurt sold in Sohag city, Egypt, and among diarrheal patients admitted to governmental hospitals in Sohag and also to highlight the risk factors associated with their infection. In addition, the antimicrobial resistance and the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and silver nanoparticles (SNP) on E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained from both milk products and patients were investigated.

Materials and Methods: Microbiological culture methods and polymerase chain reaction were used for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in 150 milk products and 150 stool samples. Resistance against some antimicrobials that were used in the treatment of animals and humans was investigated using the disk diffusion technique. CNP and SNP at two concentrations (30 and 60 μg/mL) and average sizes of 25.1 and 26.5 nm, respectively, were identified by transmission electron microscopy. Their effect on E. coli O157:H7 isolates was examined using the well diffusion method. Risk factors for infection were investigated using statistical analysis.

Results: There were 11.3% and 14.7% of milk products and stool samples positive for E. coli O157:H7, respectively. These isolates exhibited high antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamycin. CNP and SNP demonstrated inhibitory effects on E. coli O157:H7 growth, which significantly increased at high concentrations (60 μg/mL), with mean inhibition zones of 31.941±3.749 and 30.681±3.871 mm for CNP in milk products and patient isolates, respectively. The respective values for SNP were 33.588±3.675 mm and 32.500±2.444 mm, indicating a higher bactericidal effect than that of CNP. Regarding risk factors for infection, both young and elderly subjects and those in contact with infected persons and/or having chronic diseases were infected.

Conclusion: CNP and SNP are suitable for both medical and agricultural applications for disease control and enhancement of food quality.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic NiFe2O4
Decorated Exfoliated Graphite via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: SY DO TRUNG , T. NGUYEN HONG-THAM , NGUYEN TRUNG THANH , THINH PHAM VAN
Published: August 2020

In present study, a composite material was synthesized from expanded graphite (EG) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) via the sol-gel method.
The composite was then structurally and morphologically characterized which confirmed that NiFe2O4 is successfully incorporated in the
expanded graphite matrix after impregnation. For component characterization, energy diffraction scattering was used. X-ray diffraction
(XRD) was employed to determine the physical structure of the nanocomposites. Lastly, pore size structure of EG@NiFe2O was examined
via the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and pore size distribution plot.
Citrus Extract Modified Graphene Oxide as a Green and Heterogeneous
Organocatalyst for the Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: ARUNKUMAR S. , VINAYAGAM S. CHIDAMBARA , LAKSHMANAN S. , ANTONY S. ARUL
Published: August 2020

A naturally benign convention was created with a surface change of graphene oxide by citrus extract as catalyst was prepared by a
straight-forward chemical modification method. The prepared catalyst′s catalytic activity was examined by the synthesis of imidazole
derivatives at room temperature. It shows a strong acidic catalytic and sustainable organocatalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized
using different analytical procedures like elemental analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction
(PXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy
images (TEM) analysis. The catalytic activity shows high activity and can be reused without significant loss of catalytic activity after five
times. A present catalyst works easily under room temperature.
Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2 and SnO2/ZnO Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method: Evaluation of their Performance in Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: SAMSKRUTHI K.P. , ANANDA SANNAIAH , NANDAPRAKASH M.B. , CHANDRAKANTHA K.S.
Published: August 2020

SnO2 and SnO2/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the electrochemical method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by
XRD, UV-VIS, IR, FE-SEM and EDAX techniques. The X-ray diffraction revealed that the average crystalline size to be 79.78 and 22.84
nm. The band gap of SnO2/ZnO nanoparticle from Tauc′s plot was found to be 2.196 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of Indigo carmine
dye follows the first order reaction. The antibacterial activity of SnO2 and SnO2/ZnO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli was investigated.
Synthesis of Some Aromatic and Aliphatic Esters Using WO3/ZrO2
Solid Acid Catalyst under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: GUGULOTH VIJAYA CHARAN , BATTU SATYANARAYANA
Published: August 2020

A simple method is delineated for the synthesis of substituted ester products in superior yields by esterification reaction under solvent
unbound condition using tungsten upgraded ZrO2 solid acid catalyst at 353 K. The WO3/ZrO2 catalyst has been prepared by using
impregnation method followed by calcination at 923 K over a period of 6 h in air atmosphere. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET surface area
techniques were used to categorize this catalyst. Zirconia has both acidic and basic possessions which can be changed by incorporating
suitable promoter atom like tungsten which in turn increases the surface area thereby enhancing the surface acidity. Impregnation of W6+
ions exhibits a strong influence on phase modification of zirconia from thermodynamically solid monoclinic to metastable tetragonal
phase. Amalgamation of promoter W6+ will stabilize tetragonal phase which is active in catalyzing reactions. In esterification reaction
WO3/ZrO2 catalyst was found to be stable, efficient and environmental friendly, effortlessly recovered by filtration, excellent yield of
product and can be reusable efficiently.
Square Wave Voltammetric Analysis of Triphenyltin(IV) Hydroxybenzoate Derivatives
Authors: QUDUS HARDOKO INSAN , YUNITA RIA DWI , KISWANDONO AGUNG A. , HADI SUTOPO
Published: August 2020

In present work, a chemical analysis of two newly synthesized compounds, triphenyltin(IV) o-hydroxybenzoate (1) and triphenyltin(IV)
m-hydroxybenzoate (2) have been performed by using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The method used was validated using the
standard solutions of compound 1 and 2 by varying the concentrations. The concentrations of 1.6 × 10-4 M; 3.2 × 10-4 M; 4.8 × 10-4 M; 6.4
× 10-4 M and 8.0 × 10-4 were used in the variations. The validation results of compound 1 were the linear regression equation: ip = 7.42 C
+ 7.89; correlation coefficient (r) = 0.991; limit of detection (LOD) = 1.53 × 10-4 M; and sensitivity (S) = 7.42 μA/ mM, while compound
2 gave the value of linear regression equation: ip = 8.39 C + 7.91; correlation coefficient (r)= 0.991; limit of detection (LOD)= 1.35 × 10-4
M; and sensitivity (S)= 8.39 μA/mM.
Spectral Characterization, Thermal and Antimicrobial Studies of Some Divalent Metal Chelates of 7-((3-Phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol
Authors: ALOTHMAN ASMA A. , ALBAQAMI MUNIRAH D. , ALSHGARI RAZAN A.
Published: August 2020

A series of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) azo chelates (AZC1-AZC3) of 7-((3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol have been designed and obtained. Thermal measurements, molar conductance, magnetic moment, elemental analyses, spectral (IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, ESR, mass) were used to characterize insulated solid complexes. The metal complexes were assumed to be non-electrolytic by molar conductance values. Thermal properties and decomposition kinetics of the metal chelates are investigated using Coats-Redfern method. The kinetic parameters like activation energy (E*), pre-exponential factor (A) and entropy of activation (ΔS*) were quantified. Results of spectral studies of mass and TGA data confirmed the octahedral geometry for all chelates. Finally, the synthesized metalcomplexes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial efficacy.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Crystal Structure, Thermal Studies and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Novel Dichlorodi-(E)-N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide Manganese(II) Complex
Authors: KAVITHA G. , UTHAYAKUMAR M. , SHINDE VANDANA , CHANDRASEKARAN T. , SURESH M.
Published: August 2020

A novel dichlorodi(E)-N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide manganese(II) (ENMB-Mn) complex has been successfully synthesized
using (E)-N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (ENMB) as ligand. The structure of the ENMB-Mn complex was studied by single
crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Results of single crystal
X-ray diffraction found that the structure of ENMB-Mn complex crystal is triclinic with space group P-1 and lattice parameters of unit cell
a, b and c values were 7.1900 Å, 8.9094 Å and 11.8130 Å, respectively. The structure of ENMB-Mn complex clearly indicates complete
octahedral geometry [Mn(ENMB)2Cl2] with manganese(II) ion, where the ENMB and chlorine atoms ratio is 1:2:2, respectively. Further,
the molecular properties like Hirshfeld surface analysis mapping are reported.
Quality by Design Approach for Development and Validation of
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine
Authors: SHAIKH JALIL K. , FAROOQUI MAZAHAR , ASEMA SYED UMMUL KHAIR
Published: August 2020

Quality by design approach has been used to develop simple, rapid, sensitive gradient RP-HPLC stability indicating method for fosaprepitant
dimeglumine and its related impurities. The chromatographic method has been developed by using symmetry shield RP-18 (250 mm × 4.6
mm; 5 μm) column maintained at column temperature of 20 ºC. The mobile phase-A consisted of water and acetonitrile (800:200, v/v),
added 2 mL of orthophosphoric acid and 0.17 g of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate. The mobile phase-B consisted of water and
acetonitrile (200:800, v/v), added 2 mL of orthophosphoric acid and 0.17 g of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate. Gradient program
was executed as time (min)/% MP-A: 0/80, 3/80, 12/40, 20/20, 24/20, 25/80, and 30/80. The UV detection was carried out at wavelength
210 nm and 20 μL of sample was injected. Sample cooler was maintained at 5 ºC. Stability of fosaprepitant dimeglumine sample was
investigated in different stress condition as acid, base, oxidation, thermal, humidity and photolytic. The method was developed in two
phases, screening and optimization. During the screening phase, the most suitable stationary phase, organic modifier, and solvent were
identified based on the behaviour of each stationary phase with fosaprepitant dimeglumine and its impurities using each buffer and
solvent. Total 18 experiments were performed to find out the best experimental condition. The optimization was done for secondary
influential parameters like column temperature, gradient program, using six experiments to examine multifactorial effects of system
suitability parameters and generated design space representing the robust region. A verification experiment was performed within the
working design space and the model was accurate. Drug showed unstable behaviour under acid, base, oxidation, thermal, and humidity
conditions. Apripetant was found as major degradation impurity. The method was validated as per ICH guideline for specificity, limit of
detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness. Correlation coefficient is about
0.999 for all impurities, recovery is between 90% to 103% at all level. LOD value of each impurity is less than 0.01% w/w. DOE
statistically based experimental designs proved to be an important approach in optimizing selectivity-controlling parameters for the
organic impurities determination in FD API. The method was found to be specific, linear, accurate, precise and robust. The peak purity test
results confirmed that the fosaprepitant dimeglumine peak was homogenous in all stress samples and the mass balance was found to be
more than 99%, thus proving the stability indicating power of the method. Present method is found to be suitable for routine analysis in
quality control laboratory.
Structural, Optical, Electrical and Photocatalytic Degradation
Properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanopaticles by Sol Gel Methodd
Authors: SANKAR M. , JOTHIBAS M. , MUTHUVEL A. , KUMAR B. ARUN
Published: August 2020

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized via inexpensive sol gel method at different sintering temperature (350, 400 and
450 °C). The synthesized CdS nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of hexagonal Wurtzite structure for all the sintering temperatures. The crystallite size, microstrain
and dislocation density have been evaluated using XRD data. SEM and HR-TEM analysis showed morphological transformation with
better crystallite and spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were observed. EDS is also performed to confirm the elemental composition of
CdS nanoparticles. FT-IR analysis identified the absorption peaks of the Cd-S extension with moisture content. The UV-visible spectra
showed absorption peak in the range of 223-257 nm and optical band gap decrease with increase of sintering temperatures. In addition the
synthesized CdS nanoparticles were effectively used to degrade methyl orange dye under sunlight irradiation. The CdS nanoparticles
were the potential candidate for optoelectronic applications.
in vitro Screening of Sesamum indicum Seeds for Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Biological Properties
Authors: KHAN SHERAZ , KHAN SANIYA HASHIM , KHAN INAM ULLAH , INAM WALI , ASIM MUHAMMAD , HASHIM NARMEEN
Published: August 2020

Herbal medicines has been the most cost-effective and valuable medical practice to cure diseases and emphasize modern health care treatment. The present research was conducted to assess the biological activities of 10 fractions obtained from methanolic extract which was derived from dried seeds of Sesamum indicum. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power assays. Highest free radical scavenging activity (80.3 ± 1.36%), total antioxidant capacity (104.7 ± 4.04 μg AAE/mg) and ferric reducing power activity (238.76 ± 1.23 μg AAE/mg) was shown by fraction SE. Fraction SE showed the highest phenolic contents (63.72 ± 1.5 μg GAE/mg) while fraction SG sample showed highest flavonoid contents (54.62 ± 2.61 μg QE QE/mg). Antibacterial activity was performed against four selected bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogens and Bacillus subtilis. Highest inhibition was shown by fraction SD (11 ± 1.04 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, fraction SH against Bacillus subtilis (11 ± 1.06 mm) and fraction SB against Escherichia coli. All fractions were found inactive against the selected fungal strains. While performing antileishmanial activity, fraction SC showed highest percent mortality (78%) of Leishmania tropica. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, fraction SG showed significant LD50 value (23.48 μg/mL).
Quantitative Evaluation of Macro and Micronutrients in Averrhoa
bilimbi, Mimusops elengi and Carissa carandas Fruits of Bangladesh
Authors: CHANDRA LITON , NAZMUL ISLAM A.B.M. , NASIRUDDIN  , KHATUN AMINA , RAHMAN MD. MATIAR , KUDRAT-E-ZAHAN MD. , MANNAN MD. ABDUL
Published: August 2020

In present study, a quantitative evaluation of macro and micronutrients in Averrhoa bilimbi, Mimusops elengi and Carissa carandas
tropical fruits have been presented. Concentration of the nutrients namely calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, zinc and two toxic
heavy metals cadmium and lead present in the fruits are used as traditional folk medicines in Bangladesh were determined by flame
atomic absorption spectrometric method. The concentration of the elements for Averrhoa bilimbi was found to be followed by the order
as: Ca (1.98 ppm) > Fe (0.515) > Zn (0.080) > Mn (0.038) > Cr (0.006) > Pb (0.004) > Ni (0.0016) > and Cd (0.0015 ppm), respectively.
The order for that of Mimusops elengi was found to be as: Ca (3.175 ppm) > Fe (0.784) > Zn (0.049) > Mn (0.038) > Pb (0.008) > Ni (0.008)
> Cd (0.003) > Cr (0.001 ppm) and the same issue for the Carissa carandas was found to be Ca (4.277 ppm) > Fe (0.676) > Zn (0.040)
> Mn (0.040) > Pb (0.005) > Ni (0.004) > Cr (0.002) > Cd (0.0009 ppm), respectively. From the obtained results, the analyzed fruits might
be an admirable natural source of nutrients Ca, Fe and Zn. Concentration of toxic elements Pb and Cd found to be of very few ppb levels
and should not be considered as toxic in consumption by human beings.
Antioxidant Activity of Piperazine Compounds: A Brief Review
Authors: Begum Shaheen , Rashida Anjum M.S. , Harisree G. Poojitha , Sivalakshmi N. , Priyanka P. , Bharathi K.
Published: August 2020

Piperazine ring is found in several potent antioxidant molecules. Literature survey revealed that the piperazine ring has been coupled to
different heterocyclic rings such as quinoline, pyridine, pyrazine, azole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,4-benzodioxane, pyrrolidinone, benzimidazole,
pyrazine benzimidazole to obtain compounds with good antioxidant activity. It is found that the natural compounds like α-lipoic acid,
methylxanthine, berberine, sarsasapogenin, chrysin, chromen-4-one, co-enzyme Q when attached to piperazine ring, antioxidant activity
was improved. In the present article, piperazine containing antioxidant molecules were reviewed.
Chronic convection-enhanced muscimol delivery into the subthalamic nucleus produces transient anticonvulsant effects in an acute rat seizure model.
Authors: Feja Malte , Deking Lillian S. , Gernert Manuela
Published: August 2020

Aims
: Intracerebral drug delivery is an emerging strategy for the treatment of refractory epilepsies. Recently, the GABA
A receptor agonist muscimol was infused into the epileptic focus in drug-resistant epilepsy patients (Heiss et al. 2019 Neurosurgery). In seizure and epilepsy models in rats, muscimol has shown anticonvulsant potential when injected acutely into the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, continuous administration would be required for the clinical setting. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic convection-enhanced muscimol delivery into the STN produces anticonvulsant effects in an acute rat seizure model.

Methods
: We examined the effects of intra-STN muscimol following a single microinjection (30 and 60 ng/250 nl) and during continuous administration via a microinfusion pump (60 and 600 ng/day over 3 weeks) on the seizure threshold of female Wistar Unilever rats. Timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) infusion was used as an acute seizure test particularly sensitive to GABA-potentiating manipulations.

Results
: Acute STN muscimol infusion significantly increased PTZ seizure thresholds compared to vehicle-injected animals. The anticonvulsant effect persisted in the first week during chronic STN inhibition and diminished in the second week, indicating tolerance. Low doses of muscimol were well tolerated and not associated with behavioral adverse effects (e.g., sedation, circling) observed after infusion of higher doses. Evaluation of the spatial distribution of BODIPY-labeled muscimol revealed behavioral adverse effects may be attributable to drug spread into adjacent regions of the STN.

Conclusions
: These results substantiate the STN as a key region in seizure control and indicate the potential of chronic targeted muscimol delivery for prolonged anticonvulsant effects.
Detecção e delimitação de pequenos reservatórios na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira, Bahia, utilizando imagens multiespectrais
Authors: Cardoso Sabrina Brandão , Cunha Caroline Favoreto da , Engelbrecht Bruno Zanon , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: August 2020

No presente trabalho foram utilizadas imagens multiespectrais do satélite Sentinel-2 da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira (BHRC), localizada no sul do estado da Bahia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar, delimitar e quantificar a área ocupada por reservatórios de água na BHRC. Para tanto foram calculados os índices MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) e NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index). A capacidade de detecção de pequenos corpos d’água pelos métodos empregados mostrou-se satisfatória, apresentando uma correspondência de até 78% entre os métodos, com superiores resultados para índice MNDWI frente ao NDWI. A partir desses índices foram observadas variações sazonais e espaciais quanto à distribuição de reservatórios na BHRC. A porção sudoeste da bacia apresentou maior concentração de pequenos reservatórios no período chuvoso. No contexto geral da bacia hidrográfica, os reservatórios de água ocupam até 0,13% da área da bacia, enquanto que em determinadas áreas do sudoeste da BHRC esse valor atinge até 0,86%.
Associação entre o perfil antropométrico inicial e o desfecho de ganho ponderal em gestantes
Authors: Muniz Marilía Bandeira , Da Silva Eliziane Costa , Almeida Samanta Siqueira de , Silva Pereira Danielle Erilane , Silva Giselle De Paula da , Morais Caroline Neves de , Lima dos Santos Silva Dayse Rafaele , Augusto de Andrade Elda Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre o perfil antropométrico inicial e o desfecho de ganho ponderal em gestantes. Estudo longitudinal em gestantes atendidas no ambulatório de nutrição infantil do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, no período de junho a setembro de 2015. Os dados antropométricos foram coletados na primeira consulta do pré-natal e na última que antecedeu o parto. O parâmetro utilizado para o diagnóstico nutricional foi o Índice de Massa Corporal. As análises foram realizadas no Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 22.0 e realizadas testes de associação de variáveis. Foram avaliadas 69 gestantes com média de idade de 26 anos. No período pré-gestacional inicial, 52,17% das mulheres apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. No período gravídico, o ganho de peso elevado foi encontrado em 44,93%. Houve associação entre o excesso de peso no período pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso elevado. A avaliação do estado nutricional mostrou que mais de 50% das mulheres já iniciaram a gestação com sobrepeso/obesidade, sendo semelhanteao encontradoem um estudo retrospectivo no município de São Paulo e em um estudo descritivo realizado na cidade do Recife. A maioria das gestantes apresentou inadequação do ganho de peso gestacional, evidenciando a importância da promoção de mudança de estilo de vida, sendo necessário o acompanhamento nutricional desde o período pré-gestacional visando evitar complicações futuras para o binômio mãe e filho.
Suplementos alimentares, imunidade e COVID-19: qual a evidência?
Authors: Bomfim José Henrique Gialongo Gonçales , Gonçalves Juliana Da Silveira
Published: August 2020

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a COVID-19 como pandemia, e a busca por compostos que pudessem reduzir os agravos da doença ou mesmo estabelecer uma cura efetiva, se espalhou pela comunidade científica. Além de medicamentos já utilizados em outras condições, alguns estudos tem buscado evidenciar a utilização de compostos naturais, vitaminas, aminoácidos, proteínas, minerais e ácidos graxos, que possam promover benefício na resposta imunológica ou desempenharem efeitos antivirais. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de revisar na literatura, a utilização de suplementos alimentares, em dosagens permitidas pela legislação brasileira e seu papel na melhora da imunidade ou na resposta a infecções virais. Os dados sugerem que o estado nutricional é fator determinante para uma boa resposta imunológica, e isso é alcançado no equilíbrio da disponibilidade de micro e macronutrientes. Conclui-se que, nas doses recomendadas pela legislação vigente, os suplementos alimentares apresentam impacto discreto em relação aos sintomas de agravo da COVID-19, quando analisados de forma isolada.
Remdesivir e lopinavir/ritonavir frente ao novo coronavírus: breve revisão
Authors: Ferreira Lara Beatriz , Ramos Daniela Fernandes
Published: August 2020

O novo vírus, denominado SARS-CoV-2, causador da COVID-19, demonstrou alta capacidade de transmissibilidade e infectividade. Devido à inexistência de uma vacina e tratamentos específicos para a COVID-19, até o momento, as pesquisas e estudos clínicos têm redirecionado medicamentos já avaliados frente a outras doenças, para o combate do novo coronavírus. Alguns medicamentos que possam ser promissores no combate de doenças virais, têm sido alvo de estudos devido aos avanços técnico-científicos em relação aos seus mecanismos de ação e dos resultados experimentais e clínicos já obtidos, como é o caso dos fármacos Remdesivir, Lopinavir e Ritonavir. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão breve na literatura científica, incluindo estudos que abordassem antivirais como possíveis fármacos promissores no combate ao SARS-CoV-2. Nesse sentido, diante dos estudos analisados, foi demonstrado que os resultados do uso de Remdesivir frente à COVID-19 se mostraram candidatos para o tratamento da SARS-CoV-2. Já os antivirais Lopinavir/Ritonavir, parecem ter eficácia contra o SARS-CoV-2, além do que, quando associados a outros medicamentos, também podem ser efetivos contra doenças causadas por coronavírus. Mesmo com evidências científicas quanto a possibilidade de reposicionar alguns destes antivirais como alternativa farmacológica no manejo dos casos desta pandemia causada por SARS-CoV-2, são necessárias maiores investigações pré-clínicas e clínicas para nortear o uso destes compostos como estratégias terapêuticas frente a esta nova pandemia.
Saúde da população em situação de rua e suas vulnerabilidades em saúde: reflexões sobre o processo saúde-doença
Authors: Melo Lauro José Franco , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda , Carneiro Tânia Silva Gomes , Fiorati Regina Célia
Published: August 2020

O direito a uma vida digna para todos requer a superação de desafios impostos aos grupos mais vulneráveis, que são socialmente exclusos de garantia universal, como a acesso à saúde. Primária à Saúde O estudo objetiva analisar os processos saúde-doença e suas principais vulnerabilidades em saúde das pessoas em situação de rua que procuram os serviços de Atenção Primária a Saúde. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, utilizando-se os seguintes termos de busca: População em Situação de Rua; Processo saúde doença; vulnerabilidade em saúde. Foram analisados 07 estudos resultantes do levantamento bibliográfico em três bases de dados – (U. S. National Library of Medicine), SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), e Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde). Os resultados mostram que as principais barreiras identificadas foram a insegurança e as prioridades concorrentes. Conclui-se que este estudo contribuiu para a conhecimento específico da população em situação de rua, suscitando a discussão e fornecendo subsídios para capacitação de recursos humanos e para práticas assistenciais de saúde.
Ustekinumab for Perianal Crohn's Disease: The BioLAP Multicenter Study From the GETAID
Authors: Chapuis-Biron Constance , Kirchgesner Julien , Pariente Benjamin , Bouhnik Yoram , Amiot Aurélien , Viennot Stéphanie , Serrero Mélanie , Fumery Mathurin , Allez Matthieu , Siproudhis Laurent , Buisson Anthony , Pineton de Chambrun Guillaume , Abitbol Vered , Nancey Stéphane , Caillo Ludovic , Plastaras Laurianne , Savoye Guillaume , Chanteloup Elise , Simon Marion , Dib Nina , Rajca Sylvie , Amil Morgane , Parmentier Anne-Laure , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Vuitton Lucine ,   the GETAID BioLAP Study Group
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

New therapeutic options for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with perianal lesions failing anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are needed. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ustekinumab in perianal CD (pCD) and predictors of clinical success in a real-life multicenter cohort.

METHODS:

We conducted a national multicenter retrospective cohort study in patients with either active or inactive pCD who received ustekinumab. In patients with active pCD at treatment initiation, the success of ustekinumab was defined by clinical success at 6 months assessed by the physician's judgment without additional medical or surgical treatment for pCD. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of success. In patients with inactive pCD at ustekinumab initiation, the pCD recurrence-free survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS:

Two hundred seven patients were included, the mean age was 37.7 years, the mean duration of CD was 14.3 years, and the mean number of prior perianal surgeries was 2.8. Two hundred five (99%) patients had previously been exposed to at least 1 anti-TNF and 58 (28%) to vedolizumab. The median follow-up time was 48 weeks; 56/207 (27%) patients discontinued therapy after a median time of 43 weeks. In patients with active pCD, success was reached in 57/148 (38.5%) patients. Among patients with setons at initiation, 29/88 (33%) had a successful removal. The absence of optimization was associated with treatment success (P = 0.044, odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.96–7.82). In multivariable analysis, the number of prior anti-TNF agents (≥3) was borderline significant (P = 0.056, odds ratio 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.15–1.08). In patients with inactive pCD at initiation, the probability of recurrence-free survival was 86.2% and 75.1% at weeks 26 and 52, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

Ustekinumab appears as a potential effective therapeutic option in perianal refractory CD. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Pediatric Solid Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy: Normative Value Guidelines and Nonstandard Meal Alternatives
Authors: Ng Thomas S.C. , Putta Niharika , Kwatra Neha S. , Drubach Laura A. , Rosen Rachel , Fahey Frederic H. , Flores Alejandro , Nurko Samuel , Voss Stephan D.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Adult standards for gastric emptying scintigraphy, including the type of meal and range of normative values for percent gastric emptying, are routinely used in pediatric practice, but to date have not been validated. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of adult criteria for gastric emptying scintigraphy is valid for children and whether alternative nonstandard meals can also be offered based on these criteria.

METHODS:

This retrospective study analyzed patients (n = 1,151 total) who underwent solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy. Patients were stratified into normal and delayed gastric emptying cohorts based on adult criteria, i.e., with normal gastric emptying defined as ≤10% gastric retention at 4 hours. Patients were further stratified based on the type of meal, namely complete or partial adult standard meals or alternative cheese-based meals. Percent gastric retention values at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours were compared.

RESULTS:

The median (95% upper reference limit) percentage gastric retention values for the complete standard meal were 72% (93%) at 1 hour, 39% (65%) at 2 hours, 15% (33%) at 3 hours, and 6% (10 %) at 4 hours. By comparison, the values for cheese-based meals were 60% (87%) at 1 hour, 29% (61%) at 2 hours, 10% (30%) at 3 hours, and 5% (10%) at 4 hours. Consumption of at least 50% of the standard meal yielded similar retention percentages; 68% (89%) at 1 hour, 32% (57%) at 2 hours, 10% (29%) at 3 hours, and 5% (10%) at 4 hours. There were no significant age- or sex-specific differences using the adult criteria.

DISCUSSION:

The adult normative standards for gastric emptying scintigraphy are applicable for use in the pediatric population. These same standards can be also be applied to nonstandard meal options, including cheese-based alternative meals and partial standard meals.
The spatial legacy of Australian mercury contamination in the sediment of the Molonglo River
Authors: Stinton Dylan , Schneider Larissa , Beavis Sara , Stevenson Janelle , Maher William A. , Furman Olha , Haberle Simon , Zawadzki Atun
Published: August 2020

Mercury (Hg) contamination is an environmental concern as a by-product of legacy mining in Australia. Here we investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of Hg in the Molonglo River system in New South Wales, Australia, and assess the physical and chemical factors influencing that distribution. Mercury concentrations in sediment cores were measured in conjunction with 210Pb and 137Cs dating to establish historical contamination. This was done at the source mine site of Captains Flat, New South Wales, and the system’s sink in Lake Burley Griffin, Australian Capital Territory. Additionally, surficial sediment Hg concentrations along the Molonglo River were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of Hg. Analytical results showed the primary physical and chemical factors influencing Hg dispersion to be distance, total organic matter, and the presence of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The highest Hg concentrations were near the mine site at Captains Flat and decreased significantly with distance. Sediment core analyses in both Captains Flat and the lake showed reductions in Hg concentrations toward surficial sediment layers. It is suggested government-funded rehabilitation programs are playing a part in reducing the release of metal contamination.
The evolution of the gender wage gap in Colombia: 1994 and 2010
Authors: Abadía Alvarado Luz Karime , De la Rica Sara
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the evolution of the gender wage gap in Colombia at different points of wage distributions. Using DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux’s (1996) decomposition, we find that the enormous increase in female workers’ educational achievement has helped to reduce the gender gap, mainly at the top of the wage distribution. However, this effect has been countered by the reduction in the proportion of female workers in the public sector and those with indefinite contracts. Moreover, using the Arellano et al. (2017) methodology, we estimate the adjusted gender wage gap whilst controlling for sample selection. In both analysed years, our main finding was a clear glass-ceiling pattern that was slightly reduced in 2010.