bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Individual Learning for Human–AI Empowered Sustainability Transitions: An Integrative Review of Literature
Authors: Saltevo Ellen , Kutvonen Antero , Torkkeli Marko
Published: January 2025

This study explores the significance of individual learning in the context of sustainability transitions and examines the possibilities of augmenting human capabilities with artificial intelligence (AI). Looking beyond the predominant collective learning focus, this study presents an integrative literature review that elucidates the underlying factors (paradigm, learning needs, and competencies) and mechanisms (multilevel situational mechanisms; action formation mechanism of the combinatory learning process; and transformational mechanisms of evolutionary and relational nature) that influence the process and role of individual learning in the multilevel embedded context of sustainability transitions. A conceptual framework is developed to discuss the human-centric alignment of AI with these elements. The analysis identifies key points where AI can synergistically enhance the learning process, particularly in the restructuring of learning spaces and the facilitation of learning approaches that improve competency development. Conversely, potential risks are identified in the fitting management of the decentralized application of AI into learning processes, necessitating AI literacy to result in empowered agency. The results highlight the imperative to thoughtfully navigate the creation of human–AI-empowered learning systems by leveraging both systemic and individual perspectives for transparency for the optimized alignment of roles and responsibilities between humans and AI in the creation of an improved learning function necessary to steer sustainability transitions.
Das infizierte steife Kniegelenk – Dos and Don′ts
Authors: Ismailidis Petros , Clauss Martin
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Das infizierte steife Kniegelenk stellt eine erhebliche klinische Herausforderung dar, da bis heute eine universelle Behandlungsstrategie fehlt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, praxisnahe Empfehlungen zur Vermeidung von Steifigkeiten bei infizierten Kniegelenken in verschiedenen Kategorien zu geben: Protheseninfektionen (PJI), frakturbedingte Infektionen (FRI), Infektionen nach arthroskopischen Eingriffen mit Fremdmaterial und native septische Arthritis (SANJO).

Material und Methoden

Die aktuelle Literatur zu infizierten Kniegelenken wird analysiert mit Fokus auf Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung des Bewegungsumfangs. Publizierte Richtlinien, klinische Studien, Expertenmeinungen und die Erfahrungen der Autoren dieser Arbeit werden einbezogen.

Ergebnisse

Eine frühzeitige und präzise Diagnose ist entscheidend zur Vermeidung einer Gelenksteifigkeit. Eine klare operative Strategie bereits vor der ersten Operation sowie die frühe Einbeziehung eines interdisziplinären Teams (Infektiologie, Innere Medizin, Physiotherapie und ggf. plastische Chirurgie) sind essenziell. Frühzeitiges Débridement, ein spannungsfreier Wundverschluss und eine angemessene Schmerztherapie fördern die Mobilisation. Unnötige wiederholte Débridements, der Einsatz von „open wound negative pressure wound therapy“ (NPWT) und Drainagen sollten vermieden werden. Eine frühzeitige postoperative Mobilisation ist entscheidend; CPM-Schienen („continuous passive motion“) können unterstützend eingesetzt werden, während eine Ruhigstellung oder Bettruhe ohne klare Indikation vermieden werden sollten.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Eradikation des Infekts bleibt das Hauptziel, um eine langfristige Gelenkfunktion zu gewährleisten. Insgesamt bieten die beschriebenen Empfehlungen eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise zur Minimierung des Risikos einer Gelenksteifigkeit.
Effect of lactic fermentation and matrix on phenolic content, bioaccessibility, and scavenging activity of beetroot beverages
Authors: de Wolf Robyn Xanthe Mana , Hider Richard Norman , Breitmeyer Jason , Serventi Luca
Published: January 2025

With the rising interest in fermentation techniques and the FAO’s advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption to lower disease risk, this study investigates the fermentation of two beetroot beverages: a low-fiber juice and a high-fiber puree-based beverage. The lactic fermentation process enhanced the free phenolic content in both juice and puree-based drink (from 2.37 to 4.83 mg/g and from 2.44 to 6.56 mg/g, respectively) and the antioxidant activity in the beetroot juice (from 19.7 to 45.99%), as assessed by colorimetric assays. The findings reveal no correlation between free phenolic content and antioxidant activity, suggesting that other factors, such as the structure of phenolics or the presence of compounds, like organic acids, play a role in antioxidant activity of beetroot beverages. Notably, although fermentation increased free phenolics, the juice exhibited decreased in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolics after fermentation (from 90.07 to 61.35%), while the puree showed an increase (from 63.99 to 92.14%). These observations highlight the dualistic role of fiber-phenolic interactions during fermentation: acting both as a protector against phenolic degradation and a barrier to intestinal absorption.
Adoptive NK cell therapy in AML: progress and challenges
Authors: Rady Mona , Mostafa Maha , Dida Gabriel , Sabet Fatima , Abou-Aisha Khaled , Watzl Carsten
Published: January 2025

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using natural killer (NK) cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), addressing challenges such as chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rates. Over the years, clinical trials and studies have explored various sources of NK cells, including ex vivo expanded NK cell lines, CAR-NK cells, peripheral blood-derived NK cells, and umbilical cord blood-derived NK cells. These therapies have demonstrated varying degrees of therapeutic efficacy, ranging from transient anti-leukemia activity to sustained remission in select patient groups. Toxicity profiles have generally shown favorable safety outcomes, with minimal incidence of severe adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, persistent challenges remain, including limited NK cell persistence, relapse, and heterogeneity in patient responses. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles provided from clinical trials, clinical studies and case reports conducted in the last 15 years to judge on the efficacy, safety and applicability of using NK cells for ACT of AML. Our review highlights the significant potential of NK cell-based therapies for AML, while addressing the technical and biological challenges that must be overcome to enhance their efficacy and safety.
Ambiguity in robotic surgical instruction: lessons from remote and in-person simulation
Authors: Brian Riley , Sterponi Laura , Murillo Alyssa , Oh Daniel , Chern Hueylan , Silverman Elliott , O’Sullivan Patricia
Published: January 2025

The rise of robotic surgery has been accompanied by numerous educational challenges as surgeons and trainees learn skills unique to the robotic platform. Remote instruction is a solution to provide surgeons ongoing education when in-person teaching is not feasible. However, surgical instruction faces challenges from unclear communication. We aimed to describe, examine, and compare ambiguities in remote and in-person robotic instruction. We designed a simulation scenario in which a standardized learner performed tasks in robotic surgery while making pre-scripted errors. Instructors provided remote or in-person instruction to the standardized learner. We applied tools from discourse analysis to transcribe sessions, identify instructional instances, classify ambiguities, and select passages for further review. We used tests of proportions to compare ambiguities between the settings. We conducted four simulation sessions, including two remote and two in-person sessions, and identified 206 instructional instances. Within these, we found 964 occurrences of three common semantic ambiguities, or ambiguities arising from words alone. Instructors used visual tools – thus employing multimodality – to clarify semantic ambiguities in 32% of instructional instances. We identified a similar degree of referential ambiguity, or ambiguity for which context from multimodality did not provide clarifying information, during remote (60%) and in-person (48%) instructional instances (p = 0.08). We described, examined, and compared ambiguities in remote and in-person instruction for simulated robotic surgery. Based on the high prevalence of ambiguity in both settings, we recommend that robotic instructors decrease referential ambiguity. To do so, instructors can reduce semantic ambiguity, harness multimodality, or both.
Pastoral hazardscapes in Aotearoa New Zealand: gender, land dispossession, and dairying in a warming climate
Authors: Griffin Christina , Wreford Anita , Cradock-Henry Nicholas A.
Published: January 2025

The impacts of climate change are exposing vast stretches of dairy farms in the Waikato region of Aotearoa New Zealand to floods, droughts, and seawater inundation. This article describes how the Waikato ‘hazardscape’—co-created through processes of land dispossession, dairy intensification, and climate change—shapes the vulnerabilities and capacities of different dairy farming groups, specifically women, intergenerational, and Indigenous Māori farmers. Our findings show that while contemporary Māori owned dairy farms are sometimes situated on sub-optimal land as a result of decades of land dispossession, their size and collective ownership structures can support greater flexibility, diversification, and adaptive decision-making processes. The longevity and financial security of many non-Indigenous intergenerational dairy farms means they are also more able to invest in long-term adaptation decisions, albeit often tied to the continuation of dairying. Furthermore, within these farm units, dairy farm women make a significant contribution to adaptation goals, yet their unique adaptation strategies and requirements are often overlooked, particularly in industry-run settings. The article foregrounds how achieving equitable adaptation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agricultural landscape will require more attention to the gendered impacts of climate change, and the ways in which access to land (or lack thereof) supports or creates barriers to flexible adaptation. We call for more diverse and inclusive platforms for adaptation planning that are receptive to envisioning alternative, more equitable, and ultimately lower risk ways of co-existing with hazards, while managing productive land.
How are the Spiritual Resources and Needs of Mental Health Consumers Identified and Documented by Staff upon Admission to an Australian Mental Health Service? A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Jones Kate Fiona , Best Megan C.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated how the spiritual resources and needs of Australian mental health consumers are identified by staff during admission at an inner-city acute care hospital. A mixed-methods study was conducted incorporating an audit of medical records (n = 205), and a staff focus group (n = 6). The results revealed that information collected during admission is often limited to factors such as medical and social history. Although participants could identify benefits of asking about spirituality, reasons for not asking were also articulated. Staff training and better care planning were identified as two ways to improve awareness of patients’ spiritual needs.
How to Distinguish Motivated Reasoning from Bayesian Updating
Authors: Little Andrew T.
Published: January 2025

Can we use the way that people respond to information as evidence that partisan bias or directional motives influence political beliefs? It depends. Using one natural formalization of motivated reasoning as wanting to believe certain things (“once-motivated reasoning”), this is not possible. Anyone exhibiting this kind of motivated reasoning has a “Fully Bayesian Equivalent” with a different prior, who has identical posterior beliefs upon observing any signal. This result clarifies what we can and cannot learn from several prominent research designs and identifies a set of results inconsistent with both Bayesian updating and once-motivated reasoning. An expanded version of the model where subjects sometimes completely reject signals that lead to less pleasant beliefs (“twice-motivated reasoning”) can explain these anomalies. The models clarify which empirical tests can provide evidence for different kinds of motivated beliefs and can be incorporated into decision- and game-theoretic models.
Defining Mindfulness: A Review of Existing Definitions and Suggested Refinements
Authors: Chems-Maarif Ryad , Cavanagh Kate , Baer Ruth , Gu Jenny , Strauss Clara
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Mindfulness research is hampered by the multiplicity of definitions of mindfulness. This heterogeneity, as reflected in the variability of mindfulness scales, limits the ability to generalize findings and hinders attempts to synthesize available studies. This paper explores traditional and contemporary definitions of mindfulness, aiming to extract core components and provide a refined and clearly specified definition suitable for underpinning measurement in psychological science.

Method

This narrative review broadly analyzes and synthesizes the conceptual frameworks across various definitions of mindfulness to identify core components of mindfulness within Buddhist and psychological science literature.

Results

Traditional Buddhist definitions of mindfulness focus on (a) memory and remembrance, (b) present-centered awareness, and (c) ethicality, but lack conceptual commonality due to the diversity of Buddhist schools and to the intricate context in which mindfulness is embedded. Definitions in psychological science show greater conceptual agreement and emphasize (a) present-centered awareness and bare attention, and (b) attitudes of acceptance and non-judgment.

Conclusions

Taken together, there is a lack of conceptual commonality and clarity on mindfulness definitions, to the extent that it may be challenging to propose a single definition that fully encapsulates both Buddhist and psychological science perspectives. For the purposes of psychological science, refinements are suggested by (a) including four scopes of mindfulness that clarify present-centeredness as awareness of and attention to body sensations, affective valence (i.e., pleasant, unpleasant, neutral), cognition and emotional states (including impulses and action tendencies), and the external environment (i.e., external sensory experience and interpersonal interactions); and (b) emphasizing the allowing and equanimous attitudes as the key qualities of mindfulness. Mindfulness is therefore defined as: “present-centered awareness of and bare attention to body sensations, affective valence, cognitive and emotional phenomena, and the external environment with an allowing and equanimous attitude.”

Preregistration

The study is not preregistered.
Chondrolaryngoplasty: A Review of its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Kravitz Meryl B. , Lee Andrew H.
Published: January 2025

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize the current literature regarding chondrolaryngoplasty, describe important anatomic and technical considerations, and review the safety of the procedure.

Recent Findings

Chondrolaryngoplasty is a procedure that has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing the laryngeal prominence. With the increased demand in gender-affirming surgery, there has been a marked rise in related research in the past decade. Both transcervical and transoral approaches are safely performed. Studies have found a high patient satisfaction with a low rate of long-term voice and swallowing complications.

Chondrolaryngoplasty is safe and effective for the reduction of the laryngeal prominence.
The thyroid hormone activating enzyme, DIO2, is a potential pan-cancer biomarker and immunotherapy target
Authors: Nappi A. , Miro C. , Cicatiello A. G. , Sagliocchi S. , Acampora L. , Restolfer F. , Dentice M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Type 2 deiodinase (D2), encoded by DIO2 gene, catalyzes the activation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) into the bioactive hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues, thereby regulating the intracellular Thyroid Hormone (TH) availability. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that a drastic increase in the peripheral activation of TH, via D2, fosters tumor progression, metastasis, and immunity.

Methods

To further prove the clinical relevance of D2 in human cancer, based on public Database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of DIO2 expression in various cancer types and investigated the association of DIO2 expression with the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and immune cell infiltration, along with the DIO2 genetic alteration types.

Results

Although with different expression levels between the various cancer types, the pan-cancer analysis showed that DIO2 was highly expressed in most tumors and related to the progression of some tumor types. Furthermore, DIO2 expression was also significantly correlated with TME components, immune cell infiltration, and immunoinhibitory and immunostimulatory gene subsets.

Conclusion

The relevance of this study is that it adds a clinical relevance to the recent demonstrations that D2 accelerates tumor invasion in animal models and poses DIO2 gene as a potential prognostic marker in various human cancers.
Characterizing Household Perceived Evacuation Behaviors in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 2020-2021
Authors: Jiva Sumera , Hanchey Arianna , Kieszak Stephanie , Schnall Amy
Published: January 2025

Objective

Evacuation can reduce morbidity and mortality by ensuring households are safely out of the path of, and ensuing impacts from, a disaster. Our goal was to characterize potential evacuation behaviors among a nationally representative sample.

Methods

We added 10 questions to the existing Porter Novelli’s (PN) ConsumerStyles surveys in Fall 2020, Spring 2021, and Fall 2021.We conducted a weighted analysis using SAS 9.4 to examine distributions and estimate associations of potential evacuation behaviors of each survey separately.

Results

When asked about barriers to evacuation if public authorities announced a mandatory evacuation because of a large-scale disaster, ~7% reported nothing would prevent them from evacuating. Over half of respondents across the 3 surveys (51.1%-52.4%) had no preparedness plans, and almost two-thirds of respondents (63.7%-66.2%) did not have an emergency supply kit.

Conclusions

Knowing potential evacuation behaviors can help frame messages and provide a starting point for interventions to improve disaster preparedness and response. Overall, data show that there is much work to be done regarding evacuation behaviors and overall preparedness in the United States. These data can be used to tailor public messaging and work with partners to increase knowledge about evacuation.
Investigation of mode changing of PSR J1921+1419 with FAST
Authors: Tian Jie , Xu Xin , Dang Shijun , Zhi Qijun
Published: January 2025

The single pulses of PSR J1921+1419 were examined in detail using high-sensitivity observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) at a central frequency of 1250 MHz. The high-sensitivity observations indicate that the pulsar exhibits two distinct emission modes, which are classified as strong and weak modes based on the intensity of the single pulses. In our observations, the times spent in both modes are nearly equal, and each is about half of the total observation time. The minimum duration of both modes is

$1\,P$

and the maximum duration is

$13\,P$

, where P is the pulsar spin period. Additionally, the mean intensity of the weak mode is less than half of that of the strong mode. Notably, the switching between these modes demonstrates a clear quasi-periodicity with a modulation period of approximately

$10 \pm 2\,P$

. An analysis of the polarisation properties of both modes indicates that they originate from the same region within the magnetosphere of the pulsar. Finally, the viewing geometry was analysed based on the kinematical effects.
Fertilizer for Victory: The Chilean–US Nitrate Trade in the Second World War
Authors: Sicotte Richard
Published: January 2025

International trade in strategic materials was critical to Allied victory in the Second World War, yet little is known about how that trade functioned in practice. This paper studies wartime imports of Chilean nitrate, which enabled the United States to increase food production without sacrificing munitions output. The US imported nitrate and other resources through a public purchase program that depended on the coordination and cooperation of a vast bureaucracy. Government agencies weighed the benefits and costs of Chilean nitrate differently and intervened at key junctures. For their part, Chilean corporate and diplomatic staff worked meeting rooms in Washington, negotiating the purchase contracts and managing day-to-day business with the US government. Chilean actors meanwhile pursued their own interests while contributing to the Allied victory. The business history of the US–Chilean nitrate trade demonstrates how Chile, sometimes mischaracterized as a disinterested neutral on the fringes of the conflict, played an important role during the Second World War.
Losing the “Lager War:” International Entrepreneurship and Business Failure in the United Kingdom Brewing Industry, 1975–1995
Authors: Bellamy Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

During the last three decades of the twentieth century, John Labatt Ltd., one of Canada’s oldest and most successful breweries, attempted to gain a share of the British beer market. This article examines the push and pull factors of why foreign brewers like Labatt decided to enter the competitive British marketplace and analyzes the strategies of the winners and losers of the “lager war.” The article pays attention to the branding efforts of marketing managers and how some used product–place associations to imbue their brands with authenticity. While positive country images often lead to a favorable assessment of the products from that country, it is also true that unfavorable perceptions often foster negative assessments of their products. By examining the entrepreneurship and structural barriers of the beer industry in the United Kingdom toward the end of the twentieth century, the article adds to our understanding of the dynamics of business failure.
Iceland’s demographic transition: from turf houses to too many tourists
Authors: Heleniak Timothy
Published: January 2025

Iceland was one of the last places in Europe to be settled. It thus has a relatively short population history as it was completely depopulated until about 871. Harsh climatic conditions, periodic epidemics, and numerous natural disasters were not conducive to robust population growth on the island. This article traces the demographic transition of Iceland’s population from the initial settlement to the present. This is the transition from high to low birth and death rates as a population modernises. Iceland has an impressive literary and historical record-keeping tradition beginning with the Saga Age in the 900s. It also has long had a well-developed statistical system which allows the study of population trends much further back in time than many countries. The results show slow population growth for much of Iceland’s history with many episodes of steep population decline. A series of technological innovations in the 19th century allowed the country to modernise, the population to grow, and its demographic situation to improve. Iceland has completed the demographic transition, the population is growing, in part due to high immigration, and it has some of the best demographic indicators in the world. Despite these favourable trends, the country faces some demographic challenges.
Voice processing ability predicts second-language phoneme learning in early bilingual adults
Authors: Cordero Gaël , Paredes-Paredes Jazmin R. , Perea Manuel , Sebastian-Galles Nuria , Díaz Begoña
Published: January 2025

Individuals differ greatly in their ability to learn the sounds of second languages, even when learning starts early in life. Recent research has suggested that the ability to identify the idiosyncratic acoustic variations introduced into the speech stream by the speaker might be relevant for second-language (L2) phoneme learning. However, only a positive correlation between voice recognition and phoneme learning has been shown. In the present study, we investigated whether voice processing ability predicts L2 phoneme learning. We employed a battery of behavioral cognitive ability measures to assess voice processing ability and L2 phoneme learning in 57 early bilingual adults. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that voice processing ability predicts L2 phoneme learning. Our findings align with theories of speech perception that attribute a fundamental role to the analysis of voice cues and suggest that the accurate identification of speaker-specific variation is also relevant for phoneme learning.
Cenozoic Kinematic Evolution of the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Implication for the Tectonic Setting of Deep Brines Mineralization in the Southwestern Qaidam Basin
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Xuanhua , Shi Zhen , Ma Ying , Li Xiangjun , Zuza Andrew V. , Wang Zengzhen , Wang Yongchao , Xu Shenglin , Wang Zhendong
Published: January 2025

The Cenozoic kinematic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau resulted in the growth of the Eastern Kunlun Range, Qaidam Basin, and Qilian Shan. The widely developed lithium‐brine hosted within the southwestern Qaidam Basin make the basin one of the most promising regions for brines mineralization across the plateau. Better understanding the Cenozoic deformation and basin‐range interaction of the southwestern Qaidam Basin are significant in deciphering the kinematic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau and model of lithium brines formation. Despite decades of studies, the initiation timing, kinematics, and pattern of Cenozoic deformation across the northern Tibetan Plateau, and its role in impacting the Cenozoic deep‐brine mineralization, are poorly constrained. In this study, we conducted field observations, apatite fission track analysis, and synthesis of published data in the southwestern Qaidam Basin to improve our understanding of the Cenozoic intra‐plate deformation. Our results indicate that the northern Tibetan Plateau has experienced multi‐stage out‐of‐sequence development, which involved Late Cretaceous extension, Eocene‐Oligocene contraction and growth strata development, and accelerated mid‐Miocene exhumation. The southwestern Qaidam Basin experienced lacustrine deposition at the Oligocene time, and switched to a fluvial environment since Miocene. With this kinematic and sedimentary model, we provide new constraints on tectonic setting of Cenozoic deep‐brine mineralization in the southwestern Qaidam Basin. Synchronous range growth surrounding the basin formed an internally drained sedimentary environment since the Oligocene, which was optimal for deep‐brine mineralization associated with Oligocene‐Miocene volcanism in the Hoh Xil Basin to the south.
Early gross motor performance is associated with concurrent prelinguistic and social development
Authors: Gallen Anastasia , Taylor Elisa , Salmi Juha , Haataja Leena , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Airaksinen Manu
Published: January 2025

Background

To study how early gross motor development links to concurrent prelinguistic and social development.

Methods

We recruited a population-based longitudinal sample of 107 infants between 6 and 21 months of age. Gross motor performance was quantified using novel wearable technology for at-home recordings of infants’ spontaneous activity. The infants’ prelinguistic and social development was assessed in parallel with a standardized parental questionnaire (Infant Toddler Checklist). The developmental trajectories of motor, prelinguistic, and social performance were inspected longitudinally at individual level, and correlated to each other to measure the relative, age-adjusted advance in performance (z-scores).

Results

Advanced gross motor maturation (higher z-score) links to more advanced prelinguistic development (β = 0.033, p = 0.016, R

2
 = 0.706) and social development (β = 0.038, p = 0.025, R

2
 = 0.600). When looking at specific gross motor skills, an increased amount of independent movement (crawling, standing, walking) links to more advanced prelinguistic and social abilities.

Conclusion

We introduce a novel approach that measures individual level gross motor development longitudinally at high resolution from child’s spontaneous movements at home. This approach shows that age-adjusted relative advance in motor performance is linked to concurrent prelinguistic and social development, supporting the idea of developmental interaction across neurocognitive domains.

Impact

Early gross motor, prelinguistic, and social developments show trackable idiosyncratic trajectories.

Maturity in gross motor performance links to concurrent prelinguistic and social development.

Gross motor performance can be assessed reliably and objectively from infants’ spontaneous activity using unsupervised wearable recordings in their native environment, the homes.

The present methodology with longitudinal quantitative assessments and age-adjusted modeling with z-scores introduce a potential paradigm shift to studying early neurodevelopment in the context of pediatric health, benchmarking of therapeutic interventions, and other developmental studies.
The Sir Ludwig Guttmann lecture 2023: psychosocial factors and adjustment dynamics after spinal cord injury
Authors: Craig Ashley
Published: January 2025

Study design

Narrative review

Objectives

Sir Ludwig Guttmann realised spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation should incorporate more than a biomedical approach if SCI patients were to adjust to their injury and achieve productive social re-integration. He introduced components into rehabilitation he believed would assist his patients build physical strength as well as psychological resilience that would help them re-engage with their communities. We pay tribute to Sir Ludwig by presenting research that has focussed on psychosocial factors that contribute to adjustment dynamics after SCI.

Setting

Not applicable.

Methods

Five factors with a psychosocial source will be examined, featured in my research, namely psychological distress, cognitive impairment, pain catastrophizing, sleep disorder and fatigue. A multifactorial model of adjustment will be examined.

Results

Evidence shows these factors can be significant barriers to adjustment and reciprocally related to self-efficacy and life decisions. A theoretical rehabilitation framework/model is presented called the SCI Adjustment Model (SCIAM), that explains the process of adjustment dynamics. It describes how multifactorial factors contribute to adjustment in a non-linear process over time.

Conclusions

Key clinical messages include: (i) adjustment dynamics will be enhanced if viewed through the lens of a multifactorial model that clarifies how multiple psychosocial factors can combine and act as barriers or facilitators to adjustment; (ii) judiciously using this information, assess and then strategize to reduce the influence of barriers or strengthen facilitators during SCI rehabilitation and beyond, and (iii) integrate psychosocial guidelines and a person-centred approach into SCI rehabilitation to achieve treatment goals.
Selectivity control by zeolites during methanol-mediated CO2 hydrogenation processes
Authors: Liu Tangkang , Liu Zhiyao , Jiang Shican , Peng Peng , Liu Zhiqiang , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Liu Guoliang
Published: January 2025

Shape-selective catalysis by zeolites contributes to the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2, enabling the selective production of valuable energy and commodity chemicals through the methoxy-mediated pathway.
Redox reaction between N-heterocyclic carbenes and sulfonates: insights into unproductive catalytic paths
Authors: Song Jia , Wang Wei , Wang Guanjie , Lv Wen-Xin
Published: January 2025

This study provides new insights and understanding of the possible deactivation pathways of NHC catalysts via uncommon redox processes of NHC catalysts with sulfonyl compounds, which should inspire future catalyst design and reaction development.
Depolymerization of polydimethylsiloxanes in ammonia – a new approach to silicone recycling
Authors: Minyaylo E. O. , Kudryavtseva A. I. , Temnikov M. N. , Peregudov A. S. , Anisimov A. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: January 2025

This work presents a new approach to recycling both linear silicones and filled silicone waste: depolymerization in ammonia medium in the presence of water.
Energetical analysis of a method for the scale-up of a microwave flow P-esterification by recirculation
Authors: Schindler József , Greiner István , Keglevich György
Published: January 2025

In a previous communication, we described a flow chemical microwave implementation, where the reaction mixture is circulated.
Impact of dihedral angle in aryl group on photocyclization reactivity of inverse type diarylethenes
Authors: Suganuma Misato , Kitagawa Daichi , Hamatani Shota , Sotome Hikaru , Mittelheisser Cédric , silwa Michel , Ito Syoji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Kobatake Seiya
Published: January 2025

Photoreactivity in crystal is one of the essential properties for creating photo-functional crystalline materials. This study explores the impact of the dihedral angle in aryl groups on the photocyclization reactivity...
Policy innovation to enhance access to universal health coverage: A case of Kota Semarang
Authors: Hanani Retna , Santoso R. Slamet , Astuti Retno Sunu , Djumiarti Titik , Priyadi Budi Puspo
Published: January 2025

Achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has been a policy priority globally including in Indonesia. To achieve UHC, government needs concerted efforts at all levels, from central government to district governments. The efforts at district level government are particularly important in Indonesia as health care is one of decentralized government functions that has to be managed and financed by district government. Under such context, this article analyses the implementation of PANDANARAN program in Kota Semarang. Kota Semarang has been successful in achieving UHC where approximately 95.37 percent of its population is now covered by the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. This success is partly supported by PANDANARAN program in which citizens can directly reporting barriers to access UHC to the Health Office. As a result, this program has successfully improved access to UHC in Kota Semarang. The incremental nature of PANDANARAN is also a suitable response from the government to fill the existing UHC coverage gap. Policy implication that needs to consider is to create substantive transformation in its policy design to ensure sustainability of the program.
Type II multi-indexed little q-Jacobi and little q-Laguerre polynomials
Authors: Odake Satoru
Published: January 2025

For the isospectral Darboux transformations of the discrete quantum mechanics with real shifts, there are two methods: type I and type II constructions. Based on the type I construction, the type I multi-indexed little q-Jacobi and little q-Laguerre orthogonal polynomials were presented in Odake and Sasaki [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 165204 (2017)]. Based on the type II construction, we present the type II multi-indexed little q-Jacobi and little q-Laguerre orthogonal polynomials.
Sub-exponentially long timescale stability for nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation with potential
Authors: Cong Hongzi , Ding Wanran , Li Siming , Wang Peizhen
Published: January 2025

We prove a Nekhoroshev type theorem for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation under Dirichlet boundary conditions and c ∈ [1, + ∞), which is uniform with respect to c ≥ 1. More precisely, we prove the sub-exponential long time stability result in Gevrey spaces around the origin for the above equation, where using Birkhoff normal form technique for infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems and the so-called tame property of the non-linearity.
Substrate stiffness modulates collective colony expansion of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Faiza Nuzhat , Welch Roy , Patteson Alison
Published: January 2025

Many cellular functions depend on the physical properties of the cell's environment. Many bacteria have different types of surface appendages to enable adhesion and motion on various surfaces. Myxococcus xanthus is a social soil bacterium with two distinctly regulated modes of surface motility, termed the social motility mode, driven by type IV pili, and the adventurous motility mode, based on focal adhesion complexes. How bacteria sense different surfaces and subsequently coordinate their collective motion remains largely unclear. Using polyacrylamide hydrogels of tunable stiffness, we found that wild type M. xanthus spreads faster on stiffer substrates. Here, we show that using motility mutants that disrupt adventurous motility suppresses this substrate stiffness response, suggesting focal adhesion-based adventurous motility is substrate stiffness dependent. We also show that modifying surface adhesion by adding adhesive ligands, chitosan, increases the amount of M. xanthus flairs, a characteristic feature of adventurous motility. Taken together, we hypothesize a central role of M. xanthus adventurous motility as a driving mechanism for surface and surface stiffness sensing.
Schmidt modes carrying orbital angular momentum generated by cascaded systems pumped with Laguerre–Gaussian beams
Authors: Scharwald D. , Gehse L. , Sharapova P. R.
Published: January 2025

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are an important resource used in various branches of quantum science and technology due to their unique helical structure and countably infinite basis. Generating light that simultaneously carries high-order orbital angular momenta and exhibits quantum correlations is a challenging task. In this work, we present a theoretical approach to the generation of correlated Schmidt modes carrying OAM via parametric down-conversion (PDC) in cascaded nonlinear systems (nonlinear interferometers) pumped by Laguerre–Gaussian beams. We demonstrate how the number of generated modes and their population can be controlled by varying the pump parameters, the gain of the PDC process, and the distance between the crystals. We investigate the angular displacement measurement uncertainty of these interferometers and demonstrate that it can overcome the classical shot noise limit.
From homophily to exclusion in small social systems
Authors: Krawczyk Malgorzata J. , Kułakowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The actors are placed at nodes of the complete weighted graph. They are endowed with densities of contact with the other actors and with positions in a social hierarchy. These characteristics evolve in time according to the homophily principle and the Matthew effect. The result is that an actor with minimal status is excluded, and all other actors get the same high position. As for examples, the results allow us to make reference to racial criteria of promotion in the London Metropolitan Police, and to the scapegoating phenomenon, described in the literature.
Coherent flow structures upstream a circular cylinder near a plane wall
Authors: Tong Feifei , Cheng Liang , An Hongwei , Griffiths Terry , Ren Chengjiao
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the flow behavior in front of a circular cylinder placed near a plane wall using large eddy simulation. It identifies two distinct coherent vortical flow structures occurring during the transition from laminar to turbulent flow upstream of the cylinder. These coherent flows can be triggered by either reducing the gap between the cylinder and the wall or increasing the Reynolds number (ReD, based on the cylinder diameter). The first coherent flow emerges at relatively low ReD and features periodic vortical tubes aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. These vortical tubes move downstream with the flow, transforming into Λ-shaped structures before jumping over the cylinder. The second type, observed at higher ReD and farther upstream, initially appears as elongated, streaky, streamwise vortices, which evolve into larger hairpin-type vortices as they approach the cylinder. These hairpin vortices also form periodically but at a lower frequency than the vortical tubes and are arranged in a staggered formation. Both types of coherent flows are found to affect the amplitude and frequency of forces acting on the cylinder, which is important in many engineering applications. A similar transition process from laminar to turbulent flow has been observed in the canonical boundary layer; however, the two types of coherent flow structures emerge, develop, and break down within a short distance in front of the cylinder, setting them apart from previous studies.
Effect of gas compressibility during nitrogen immiscible flooding
Authors: Chi Jie , Zhang Mengfei , Su Zexin , Shuang Min , Dong Zongxu , Cui Fengyun , Jiang Deyu , Zhang Haoran , Jiang Minghan , Wang ZiYa
Published: January 2025

In this study, we numerically simulated nitrogen injection for oil reservoir development and explored the oil–gas two-phase flow model and its finite difference solution method. A mathematical model incorporating both oil and gas phases was constructed, which fully considered nitrogen compressibility along with Darcy's law and gravitational effects in the two-phase flow. The model was discretized using the finite difference method, and the implicit pressure explicit saturation (IMPES) approach was employed to obtain the numerical solution, analyzing the variation patterns of reservoir saturation, pressure, and displacement efficiency during the nitrogen displacement process to accurately simulate the dynamic changes in saturation and pressure fields. Under gas compressibility considerations, the overall reservoir gas saturation was observed to increase, leading to an improvement in displacement efficiency. Additionally, the early stage of displacement was revealed to play a decisive role in the overall displacement effect of the reservoir. This study provides theoretical and numerical-simulation-based guidelines for optimizing nitrogen injection parameters and enhancing reservoir development. The finite difference solution method effectively captured the complex characteristics of the two-phase flow, offering an important numerical analysis tool for deepening the understanding of nitrogen displacement mechanisms and developing reservoir management strategies. This study contributes new insights and technical support for the application of numerical solution techniques for two-phase flow models in oil and gas field development.
Rigorous numerical study of the density of periodic windows for the logistic map
Authors: Galias Zbigniew
Published: January 2025

Numerical study of periodic windows for the logistic map is carried out. Accurate rigorous bounds for periodic windows’ end points are computed using interval arithmetic based tools. An efficient method to find the periodic window with the smallest period lying between two other periodic windows is proposed. The method is used to find periodic windows extremely close to selected points in the parameter space and to find a set of periodic windows to minimize the maximum gap between them. The maximum gap reached is 4×10−9. The phenomenon of the existence of regions free from low-period windows is explained.
Applied neural network-based active control for vortex-induced vibrations suppression in a two-degree-of-freedom cylinder
Authors: Ilbeigi Soha , Bagherzadeh Ashkan , Sharifi Alireza
Published: January 2025

Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIVs) of cylindrical structures present significant challenges in various engineering applications, including marine risers, tall buildings, and renewable energy systems. Hence, it is vital to control Vortex-Induced Vibrations of cylindrical structures. For this purpose, in this study, a novel approach is introduced to VIV control, based on a model-based active control strategy integrated with a Neural Network in the presence of uncertainty modeling. The proposed method utilizes a closed-loop control system, where feedback from the system's dynamic state is used to generate adaptive control commands, enabling the system to respond to changing flow conditions and nonlinearities. Then, the controllability analysis is conducted to assess the efficiency of the control strategy in mitigating VIV. Two control approaches are implemented: simple learning and composite learning. Both strategies significantly enhance vibration suppression, achieving up to 99% reduction in vibrations despite uncertainties in the system. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method to enhance the efficiency, stability, and lifespan of structures subject to VIV.
Characteristics of incident compression waves/boundary layer interaction for high-speed supersonic inlets
Authors: Pang Ming-Chi , Wang Zi-Yun , Zhang Yue , Tan Hui-Jun , Chen Liang , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2025

Interactions between the turbulent boundary layer and incident compression waves (ICWs), sufficiently strong to induce boundary layer separation, are investigated numerically and analytically. This paper proposes two typical interaction modes of ICWs and the boundary layer: one where the convergence point of the ICWs is located on a flat plate and another where the ICWs impinge on the flat plate in a dispersed manner. For the two typical interaction modes, corresponding aerodynamic profiles for ICW generators are established. The macroscopic flow structures evolve with different ICW ranges on the flat plate, and can be classified into three categories. First, when the ICWs cover a smaller range, flow structures resemble that of the interaction between a single incident shock wave and a boundary layer. Second, when the ICWs cover a moderate range, the reattachment point moves upstream to the impingement point of the terminal compression wave. In this case, the reattachment process still features a reattachment shock. Third, when the ICWs cover a large range, the reattachment shock wave degrades from a reattachment shock wave to a series of compression waves. Inviscid models of the above wave structures were established. Separation scales in two interaction modes are also investigated. Additionally, based on mass conservation within control volumes established for the interaction zones, the dimensionless interaction intensity and length for two modes are defined, and it is found that within the Mach number scope of this study, two modes exhibit different relationships between “the dimensionless interaction intensity” and “the dimensionless interaction length.”
Mechanical-photoacoustic model for hydro-semiconductor medium subjected to multi-temperatures theory
Authors: Alshehri Ahmed M. , Lotfy Khaled
Published: January 2025

This study presents a generalized photoacoustic model for hydro-semiconductor media incorporating the multi-temperatures theory, aimed at advancing the understanding of coupled optical, thermal, and elastic wave interactions. This approach marks a significant departure from traditional single-temperature frameworks, capturing the inherent complexity of hydro-semiconductor materials subjected to high-intensity photoacoustic phenomena. The governing equations are derived by coupling photo-thermoelastic and hydrothermal effects within the multi-temperature paradigm, incorporating boundary conditions relevant to semiconductors. The normal mode analysis technique obtains analytical solutions for main physical fields. Comparative simulations are performed for conventional and multi-temperatures models to evaluate their accuracy and predictive power. Graphical representations illustrate the superior precision of the multi-temperatures theory over classical approaches, especially under conditions of rapid thermal changes. The results highlight the advantages of the multi-temperatures framework in enhancing wave propagation analysis.