bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the extension limit model of a horizontal well with supercritical carbon dioxide drilling
Authors: Ding Lu , Ni Hongjian , Li Wentuo
Published: July 2019

Rational prediction of the extension limit of a horizontal well under the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling can ensure drilling security for developing unconventional oil and gas resources. Based on the physical property of supercritical carbon dioxide and the mechanics theory on the rock surrounding the wellbore, the extension limit model of a horizontal well under the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling has been established, which can analyze the flow distribution in the horizontal well and the influence of the azimuth angle, the bedding dip angle, drilling parameters, and so on. The result shows that when the supercritical carbon dioxide is flowing in the borehole, the pressure at the horizontal section at 3320 m is 2.21 MPa lower than the pore pressure, which is in the safe pressure range of underbalanced drilling (∼0–3 MPa), and the wellbore is stable. The extension limit changes periodically as the azimuth angle increases. Under actual working conditions, reducing the inlet mass flow rate or wellhead back pressure within a safe range helps to increase the extension limit. The maximum extension limit of a horizontal well with supercritical carbon dioxide drilling is 8081 m in the paper, which is longer than that of clear water drilling under the same condition due to low pressure loss. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public health expenditures, taxation, and growth
Authors: Atems Bebonchu
Published: July 2019

This note studies the empirical link between public health expenditures and growth using a dynamic panel data model and U.S. state‐level data over the period 1963–2015. We find a positive relationship between public health expenditures and growth, even after controlling for the offsetting impacts of the requisite taxation and the government budget constraint.
More bang for your buck: Improved use of GPU nodes for GROMACS 2018
Authors: Kutzner Carsten , Páll Szilárd , Fechner Martin , Esztermann Ansgar , de Groot Bert L. , Grubmüller Helmut
Published: July 2019

We identify hardware that is optimal to produce molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories on Linux compute clusters with the GROMACS 2018 simulation package. Therefore, we benchmark the GROMACS performance on a diverse set of compute nodes and relate it to the costs of the nodes, which may include their lifetime costs for energy and cooling. In agreement with our earlier investigation using GROMACS 4.6 on hardware of 2014, the performance to price ratio of consumer GPU nodes is considerably higher than that of CPU nodes. However, with GROMACS 2018, the optimal CPU to GPU processing power balance has shifted even more toward the GPU. Hence, nodes optimized for GROMACS 2018 and later versions enable a significantly higher performance to price ratio than nodes optimized for older GROMACS versions. Moreover, the shift toward GPU processing allows to cheaply upgrade old nodes with recent GPUs, yielding essentially the same performance as comparable brand‐new hardware. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conventional and Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Biological Activity Study of Novel Heterocycles Containing Pyran Moiety
Authors: Sayed Galal H. , Azab Mohammad E. , Anwer Kurls E.
Published: July 2019

Under both conventional and microwave methods, 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile derivative 1 was synthesized and reacted with different reagents. Thus, 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile derivative was treated with chloroacetyl chloride, phenyl isocyanate, cyanoacetic acid, benzoyl chloride, triethyl orthoformate, acetic anhydride/H2SO4, arylidene malononitrile, urea, and/or p‐aminosulphaguanidine producing chloroacetamide, 3‐phenylurea, cyanoacetamide, N‐benzoylpyran, ethylformimidate, pyranopyrimidin‐4‐one, pyranopyridine, pyranopyrimidin‐2‐one, and pyranopyrimidin‐2‐imine derivatives, respectively. Meanwhile, compound 1 was reacted with ethyl bromoacetate, phenacyl bromide, phthalic anhydride, different aromatic amines, and/or acetic acid/H2SO4 to produce 5‐aminopyrano[2,3‐b]pyrrole‐6‐carboxylate, dihydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyrrole‐6‐yl‐(phenyl)methanone, 1,3‐dioxoisoindolinyl pyran, 1,4‐dihydropyridine, and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives, respectively. On the other hand, when compound 1 was allowed to react with maleic anhydride and/or hydrazine hydrate, pyran‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoic acid and 3‐aminopyranopyrazole derivatives were obtained, respectively. Reaction of pyran‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoic acid with malononitrile under different conditions gave 2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4H‐pyran and 2‐(4H‐pyran‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrole derivatives, while condensation of 3‐aminopyranopyrazole with benzaldehyde gave 1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐3‐yl‐1‐phenylmethanimine derivative. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by the spectroscopic tools IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Some of these compounds have been screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi and also were tested against two cancer cell lines: mammary gland breast cancer (MCF‐7) and colon cancer (HCT‐118).
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Triazole Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing a Benzylamine Moiety
Authors: Li Yitao , Yao Wenqiang , Lin Jian , Li Falin , Wu Yang , Xu Junxing
Published: July 2019

The triazole sulfonamide played a very important role in the field of research of new agrochemical compounds as a novel heterocyclic compound with lack of reported resistance. For the research on the innovative triazole sulfonamide fungicide effective against cucumber downy mildew (CDM), the present article designed an array of 1,2,4‐triazole‐1,3‐disulfonamide derivatives. The derivatives were synthesized via coupling multiple benzylamine with triazole sulfonamide groups. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and LC–MS spectrometry were used to characterize these synthesized compounds. Most of these derivatives exhibited better fungicidal activities than that of the commercial cyanosole using bioassays. In particular, compounds 6g and 6h showed the best fungicidal activity against CDM (EC50 = 6.91 and 10.62 mg/L). Comparative experiments demonstrated that the fungicidal activity of 6g and 6h was better than the commercial pesticides amisulbrom and cyanosole. According to the study, the compound 6g had a giant application potential on fungicide against CDM.
POCl3‐Mediated Reaction: A New Entry to Polysubstituted 2‐Pyridones via Self‐condensation of β‐Keto Amides
Authors: Gao Baochang , Sun Yufeng , Wang Jun , Cao Chang , Yuan Zhigang , Tian Yuan , Shi Yu , Liu Wenbin
Published: July 2019

Synthesis of polysubstituted 2‐pyridones and their analogues from β‐keto amides via self‐condensation cyclization is described. Notable advantages include mild reaction conditions, reduced synthetic steps, high yields, and a readily available starting materials. Further mechanistic studies suggest that the transformation proceeds through self‐condensation, intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, and elimination.
Liver neoplasms in methylmalonic aciduria: An emerging complication
Authors: Forny Patrick , Hochuli Michel , Rahman Yusof , Deheragoda Maesha , Weber Achim , Baruteau Julien , Grunewald Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase deficiency. Early‐onset disease usually presents with a neonatal acute metabolic acidosis, rapidly causing lethargy, coma, and death if untreated. Late‐onset patients have a better prognosis but develop common long‐term complications, including neurological deterioration, chronic kidney disease, pancreatitis, optic neuropathy, and chronic liver disease. Of note, oncogenesis has been reported anecdotally in organic acidurias. Here, we present three novel and two previously published cases of MMA patients who developed malignant liver neoplasms. All five patients were affected by a severe, early‐onset form of isolated MMA (4 mut0, 1 cblB subtype). Different types of liver neoplasms, that is, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were diagnosed at ages ranging from infancy to adulthood. We discuss pathophysiological hypotheses involved in MMA‐related oncogenesis such as mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress, and effects of oncometabolites. Based on the intriguing occurrence of liver abnormalities, including neoplasms, we recommend close biochemical and imaging monitoring of liver disease in routine follow‐up of MMA patients.
Chronic liver involvement in urea cycle disorders
Authors: Ranucci Giusy , Rigoldi Miriam , Cotugno Giovanna , Bernabei Silvia Maria , Liguori Alessandra , Gasperini Serena , Goffredo Bianca Maria , Martinelli Diego , Monti Lidia , Francalanci Paola , Candusso Manila , Parini Rossella , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo
Published: July 2019

The increased survival of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) patients has led the attention to clinical manifestations that characterize the long‐term disease course. Acute and chronic liver disease have been anecdotally reported since the very first description of UCDs. However, a detailed analysis of long‐term liver involvement in large patient cohorts is still needed. Chronic liver damage in UCDs has probably a multifactorial origin, but the specific underlying mechanisms of liver disease have not yet been well elucidated. In this study, we report on chronic liver involvement and on associated metabolic abnormalities in a large cohort of 102 UCD patients, followed by two reference centers in Italy. Chronic liver involvement was observed in over 60% of UCDs patients, and comparison between individual diseases showed a significant higher frequency in argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD) and in hyperornithinemia‐hyperammonemia‐homocitrullinemia (HHH) syndrome with elevation of transaminases and of gamma‐GT in ASLD, and of alpha‐fetoprotein in HHH syndrome. Also, consistent with a chronic hepatic dysfunction, ultrasound examination revealed more pronounced abnormalities in ASLD and in HHH syndrome, when compared to other UCDs. Our study highlights in a large UCDs patients' cohort that chronic liver disease is a common finding in UCDs, often with a distinct phenotype between different diseases. Furthers studies are needed to elucidate the specific involvement of different metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction in UCDs.
MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Archibald Stephen J. , Messiou Christina , Staudenherz Anton , Berzaczy Dominik , Schöder Heiko
Published: July 2019

The role of MRI differs considerably between the three main groups of hematological malignancies: lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. In myeloma, whole‐body MRI (WB‐MRI) is recognized as a highly sensitive test for the assessment of myeloma, and is also endorsed by clinical guidelines, especially for detection and staging. In lymphoma, WB‐MRI is presently not recommended, and merely serves as an alternative technique to the current standard imaging test, [18F]FDG‐PET/CT, especially in pediatric patients. Even for lymphomas with variable FDG avidity, such as extranodal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), but not WB‐MRI, is presently recommended, despite the high sensitivity of diffusion‐weighted MRI and its ability to capture treatment response that has been reported in the literature. In leukemia, neither MRI nor any other cross‐sectional imaging test (including positron emission tomography [PET]) is currently recommended outside of clinical trials. This review article discusses current clinical applications as well as the main research topics for MRI, as well as PET/MRI, in the field of hematological malignancies, with a focus on functional MRI techniques such as diffusion‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, on the one hand, and novel, non‐FDG PET imaging probes such as the CXCR4 radiotracer [68Ga]Ga‐Pentixafor and the amino acid radiotracer [11C]methionine, on the other hand.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy Stage: 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1325–1335.
An improved wideband equivalent circuit model for integrated spiral inductors in CMOS technology
Authors: Zhang Qingfeng , Wu Yunqiu , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Huihua , Yu Yiming , Kang Kai
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an improved wideband single‐π model for on‐chip spiral inductors based on the independent tested ground PADs (ITGPs). For the ITGP, the input and output ground PADs are not connected together that introduces potential difference between the input and output ground PADs. However, the conventional inductor models are suitable for the ground PADs being connected together; they usually ignore the input and output potential difference and failed to achieve high model accuracy for the ITGP structure. To develop an accurate model for ITGP, the potential difference between input and output ground PADs is analyzed in this paper, and then the lumped‐parameter resistor‐capacitor network is used to characterize it. To validate the proposed model, the test structures were fabricated by 0.18‐μm CMOS technology and measured up to 67 GHz. Compared with the conventional model, the calculation results of the proposed model agree the measurement results better. Furthermore, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of proposed model are less than 0.025.
BDNF‐overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediate increased neuronal protection in vitro
Authors: Scheper Verena , Schwieger Jana , Hamm Anika , Lenarz Thomas , Hoffmann Andrea
Published: July 2019

The use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases is considered as an approach aimed at restoring and maintaining neuronal function in the peripheral and central nervous system. Since the neuroprotective effect is depending on chronic delivery of the neurotrophic factors a sustained application, e.g., via cell‐based delivery is necessary. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were lentivirally modified to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to express fluorescent marker genes for easy visualization. Since genetically modified cells should be site‐specifically retained (e.g., by encapsulation) in the patients to avoid adverse effects the cells were additionally differentiated to chondrocytes to hypothetically improve their vitality and survival in a delivery matrix. Different polycations for lentiviral transduction were investigated for their efficiency. The success of differentiation was determined by analysis of chondrocyte marker genes and the neuroprotective effect of BDNF‐overexpressing cells was exemplarily investigated on neurons of the peripheral auditory system. The genetically modified hMSCs overexpressed BDNF from under 1 to 125 ng ml−1 day−1 depending on the donor and transfection method. Using protamine sulfate the transfection efficacy was superior compared to the use of polybrene. The BDNF secreted by the MSCs was significantly neuroprotective in comparison to the relevant controls even though the produced mean concentrations were lower than the effective concentrations for recombinant industrially produced proteins described in literature. The presented system of BDNF‐overexpressing hMSCs is neuroprotective and is therefore considered as a promising method for sustained delivery of proteins in therapeutically relevant amounts to degenerating neuronal structures.
Immediate hyperbaric oxygen after tooth extraction ameliorates bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrotic lesion in rats
Authors: Liu Sao‐Shen , Lin Tzu‐Yi , Fu Earl , Hsia Yi‐Jan , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Chiang Cheng‐Yang
Published: July 2019

Background

This study aims to assess whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) applied immediately after tooth extraction could ameliorate medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats.

Methods

To evaluate whether osteonecrosis could be successfully induced, healing of extraction maxillary molars was examined in 40 female Sprague Dawley rats received zoledronic acid (7.5 µg/kg) plus dexamethasone (1 mg/kg). Rats were divided into four groups, receiving zero, two, four, or seven injection(s) for 7 days, respectively. Effect of HBO, pressurized to 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) at rate of 0.15 ATA/min with 100% oxygen for 90 minutes, applied immediately after tooth extraction, on the development of osteonecrosis was evaluated. Lesions among groups were compared by size of ulceration, exact area (mm2) or relative area (%), and by histology.

Results

Unhealed ridge was observed in all nine rats in four and seven injection groups, but none of 10 rats in the control (non‐injection) group. Immediate HBO significantly reduced the lesions in rats that received four injections, regardless of the distribution and the total/relative areas of lesions (P <0.01). Histological findings showed the lesions were uncovered epithelium and severe tissue inflammation.

Conclusion

This is the first in vivo study demonstrating the HBO applied immediately after tooth extraction effectively decreases the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis.
Muskox myoglobin: purification, characterization and kinetics studies compared with cattle and water buffalo myoglobins
Authors: Ragucci Sara , Russo Rosita , Landi Nicola , Valletta Mariangela , Chambery Angela , Esposito Sabrina , Raundrup Katrine , Di Maro Antimo
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The Arctic muskox has economic potential as an alternative meat species and is becoming increasingly popular. The present study aimed to determine the primary structure and pseudoperoxidase activity of muskox myoglobin (Mb) compared to cattle and water buffalo myoglobins.

RESULTS

The primary structure of muskox Mb was determined via a matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry‐based mapping approach using the sheep Mb as a reference sequence. The muskox Mb consists of 153 amino acid residues and shows 100% identity with sheep Mb, whereas 98.69% and 97.38% identity is found with cattle and water buffalo Mbs, respectively. Muskox Mb has an autoxidation rate (MetMb formation) higher than both cattle and water buffalo Mbs at pH 7.2 (37 °C). Moreover, its pseudoperoxidase activity is higher than both cattle and water buffalo Mbs at pH 7.4 (physiological pH), whereas it is slightly lower than cattle Mb and higher than water buffalo at a lower pH (5.8), corresponding to the conditions in meat.

CONCLUSION

For the first time, the present study reports the purification of myoglobin from muskoxen and, furthermore, a comparative study is conducted on autoxidation and pseudoperoxidase activity with respect to cattle and water buffalo Mbs at both physiological and acid pH. Overall, the results of the current research provide novel information for future studies useful to the meat industry when considering the importance of myoglobin as a principal pigment in meat colour stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of fermentation by different microflora consortia on pulque and pulque bread properties
Authors: Kuligowski Maciej , López Otero Ricardo , Polanowska Katarzyna , Montet Didier , Jasińska‐Kuligowska Iwona , Nowak Jacek
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Pulque bread is a traditional Mexican product obtained by fermentation using microflora present only in pulque. In this study, the possibility of creating a pulque microbial consortium under laboratory conditions and its applications were evaluated. A laboratory‐made consortium was compared with a consortium originating in Mexico in bread and pulque production. They were tested in various growth medium systems: pulque made from agave sap and malt extract, Mexican wheat and rye pulque bread, and European wheat and rye bread.

RESULTS

Depending on the growth medium, consortiums showed differing influence on many factors, such as specific volume, weight loss after baking, soluble proteins, and crust and crumb color. Indigenous starters increased sensorial acceptance of pulque and Mexican rye bread, decreased pH, and increased titratable acidity of the breads at the highest level whereas laboratory consortia improved sensory acceptance of wheat breads. The laboratory‐prepared starter in some cases improved antiradical activity. All pulques received similar consumer evaluations. However, malt pulque was the least appreciated beverage.

CONCLUSION

The results show the possibility of creating a pulque microbial consortium under laboratory conditions. Depending on the flour type and the breadmaking technique, the use of a particular microbial consortium allowed modification of certain physicochemical parameters. In conclusion, it is feasible to modify bread parameters to obtain features corresponding to consumer demands by using an appropriate microflora, pulque, or flour type. Moreover, this research describes, for the first time, the use of rye malt for pulque and rye flour for pulque bread preparation as raw materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of composition on the thermal behavior of oils extracted from the seeds of some Romanian grapes
Authors: Chambre Dorina R , Tociu Mihaela , Stanescu Michaela D , Popescu Crisan
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The oils obtained from grape seeds are becoming a valuable way of exploiting winery waste and their properties are scrutinized for evaluating the potential usages. We examined the oils extracted with petroleum ether from grape seeds of four varieties of grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon, Feteasca Neagra, Merlot and Pinot Noir) from Romania looking at the influence of the fatty acid profile and of the antioxidants on their thermal behavior.

RESULTS

The fatty acid profiles of the oils were evaluated by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and the oil antioxidant capacity was determined by cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. The main fatty acid component in all the oils is linoleic acid (over 70%), which, due to its known health benefits, make the oils of commercial interest. The thermal stability of grape seed oils appears to be mainly influenced by the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their composition, less polyunsaturated fatty acids making the oils more stable. The antioxidant compounds affect only the initial stage of the decomposition by limiting the formation of hydroperoxides in the allylic positions of the fatty acid chain.

CONCLUSION

Compared to pure samples of glyceryl‐unsaturated fatty acids (glyceryl‐trioleate, glyceryl‐trilinoleate), the grape seed oils exhibit higher thermal stability, due to the presence of antioxidant compounds and to a synergistic action of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, smaller percentage of the polyunsaturated and higher percentage of the saturated fatty acids enhancing the stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple stage fragmentation for highly selective analysis and pharmacokinetics of alarelin in rat plasma
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Li Runzhi , Liu Shihao , Yin Lei , Xu Tongtong , Fawcett John Paul , Gu Jingkai
Published: July 2019

Alarelin, a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue, is widely used in China for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. In order to investigate its pharmacokinetic behavior and support the preclinical application of new formulations, we have developed a novel and highly selective bioanalytical method to determine alarelin in rat plasma based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple stage fragmentation. After sample preparation by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase solid phase extraction, alarelin and triptorelin (internal standard) were chromatographed on an Ascentis® Express C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm) using gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was by positive mode electrospray ionization followed by triple stage fragmentation using the transitions at m/z 584.6→249.1→221.0 for alarelin and 656.5→249.1→176.0 for triptorelin, The assay was linear in the concentration range 0.3‐10 ng/mL with excellent precision and accuracy. It was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats administered a dose of 13.5 µg/kg alarelin by intramuscular injection. The results show that the triple stage fragmentation strategy allows highly selective analysis of alarelin and has the potential to be widely applied to the bioassay of other peptidic drugs.
Volumetric changes in pharyngeal structures following head and neck cancer chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Hinther Ashley , Samson Nina , Lau Harold , Quon Harvey , Banerjee Robyn , Lysack John T. , Grendarova Petra , Matthews T. Wayne , Randall Derrick R.
Published: July 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the volumetric changes in pharyngeal structures in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with curative chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Patients treated with CRT for esophageal carcinoma (EC), where pharyngeal structures were not part of the radiation treatment fields, were controlled for dysphagia‐associated weight loss. We hypothesize that tissue volume alteration is a contributing factor of post‐CRT dysphagia.

Study Design

Case series.

Methods

This study measured pre‐ and 1‐year posttreatment volumes of the base of tongue (BOT), parapharyngeal spaces, posterior pharyngeal constrictors (PCs), and retropharyngeal space (RPS) in patients undergoing CRT for HNSCC or EC treated January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. All HNSCC patients were treated to doses of 66 to 70 Gy in 30 to 33 fractions using intensity‐modulated radiotherapy techniques.

Results

Our cohort included 49 HNSCC and 11 EC patients. Within the HNSCC cohort, the PCs volume increased 1.55 cm3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77 to 2.34 cm3, P = .0002), RPS increased 1.22 cm3 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.77 cm3, P < .0001), and BOT decreased 2.29 cm3 (95% CI: −0.20 to 4.79 cm3, P = .070). The EC cohort showed no significant volumetric changes for any anatomic space, with combined PCs and RPS volume changes statistically less than the HNSCC cohort (P = .031). There was no difference in mean body mass index reduction between groups (P = .10).

Conclusions

Volumetric changes following CRT may play a role in posttreatment dysphagia. Our findings support loss of physiologic function from posterior pharynx tissue thickening combined with reduced pharyngeal constriction capacity, and BOT atrophy secondary to radiation effects contribute to dysphagia.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 130:597–602, 2020
Auditory synaptopathy, auditory neuropathy, and cochlear implantation
Authors: Shearer Aiden Eliot , Hansen Marlan R.
Published: July 2019

Cochlear implantation has become the standard‐of‐care for adults and children with severe to profound hearing loss. There is growing evidence that qualitative as well as quantitative deficits in the auditory nerve may affect cochlear implant (CI) outcomes. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by dysfunctional transmission of sound from the cochlea to the brain due to defective synaptic function or neural conduction. In this review, we examine the precise mechanisms of genetic lesions causing ANSD and the effect of these lesions on CI outcomes. Reviewed data show that individuals with lesions that primarily affect the cochlear sensory system and the synapse, which are bypassed by the CI, have optimal CI outcomes. Individuals with lesions that affect the auditory nerve show poor performance with CIs, likely because neural transmission of the electrical signal from the CI is affected. We put forth a nuanced molecular classification of ANSD that has implications for preoperative counseling for patients with this disorder prior to cochlear implantation. We propose that description of ANSD patients should be based on the molecular site of lesion typically derived from genetic evaluation (synaptopathy vs. neuropathy) as this has implications for expected CI outcomes. Improvements in our understanding of genetic site of lesions and their effects on CI function should lead to better CI outcomes, not just for individuals with auditory neuropathy, but all individuals with hearing loss.
Fenton‐Chemistry‐Mediated Radical Polymerization
Authors: Reyhani Amin , McKenzie Thomas G. , Fu Qiang , Qiao Greg G.
Published: July 2019

In this review, the power of a classical chemical reaction, the Fenton reaction for initiating radical polymerizations, is demonstrated. The reaction between the Fenton reagents (i.e., Fe2+ and H2O2) generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which can act as radical initiators for the polymerization of vinyl monomers. Since the Fenton reaction is fast, easy to set up, cheap, and biocompatible, this unique chemistry is widely employed in various polymer synthesis studies via free radical polymerization or reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and is utilized in a wide range of applications, such as the fabrication of biomaterials, hydrogels, and core‐shell particles. Biologically activated Fenton‐mediated radical polymerization, which can be performed in aerobic environments, are particularly useful for applications in biomedical systems.
Staff departures, program changes cause consternation for Iowa advocates
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2019

A convergence of events as the calendar turns to July has Iowa mental health advocates feeling uneasy about several developments, with last month's departure of the state's human services director at the center of their concerns.
South Carolina seeks healthcare, BH workforce improvements
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2019

Taking into account a changing health care landscape, an evolving workforce, payment models transformation and a need to improve population health, South Carolina officials have released a report that, among its goals, aims to address issues specific to the behavioral health workforce.
RAND: Anti‐stigma campaign succeeds in promoting treatment
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2019

Observing that one of the most widely cited barriers to mental health treatment is stigma, a California‐based social marketing campaign appears to have achieved its key objective in drawing more people with mental health problems into obtaining care, according to a new RAND Corporation study.
A variable flip angle golden‐angle‐ordered 3D stack‐of‐radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonant frequency shift and T1‐based thermometry
Authors: Zhang Le , Armstrong Tess , Li Xinzhou , Wu Holden H.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a variable‐flip‐angle golden‐angle‐ordered 3D stack‐of‐radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift (PRF) and T1‐based thermometry in aqueous and adipose tissues, respectively.

Methods

The proposed technique acquires multiecho radial k‐space data in segments with alternating flip angles to measure 3D temperature maps dynamically on the basis of PRF and T1. A sliding‐window k‐space weighted image contrast filter is used to increase temporal resolution. PRF is measured in aqueous tissues and T1 in adipose tissues using fat/water masks. The accuracy for T1 quantification was evaluated in a reference T1/T2 phantom. In vivo nonheating experiments were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the stability of PRF and T1 in the brain, prostate, and breast. The proposed technique was used to monitor high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in ex vivo porcine fat/muscle tissues and compared to temperature probe readings.

Results

The proposed technique achieved 3D coverage with 1.1‐mm to 1.3‐mm in‐plane resolution and 2‐s to 5‐s temporal resolution. During 20 to 30 min of nonheating in vivo scans, the temporal coefficient of variation for T1 was <5% in the brain, prostate, and breast fatty tissues, while the standard deviation of relative PRF temperature change was within 3°C in aqueous tissues. During ex vivo HIFU ablation, the temperatures measured by PRF and T1 were consistent with temperature probe readings, with an absolute mean difference within 2°C.

Conclusion

The proposed technique achieves simultaneous PRF and T1‐based dynamic 3D MR temperature mapping in aqueous and adipose tissues. It may be used to improve MRI‐guided thermal procedures.
Development of a Growth Model for Lake Sturgeon
Authors: Aloisi Douglas B , Eckes Orey T , Von Eschen Aaron J
Published: July 2019

This study evaluated the relationship between temperature and growth rate of juvenile Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens and determined optimal temperature for growth based on weight gain and length increase. Four temperature regimes (12.0 ± 0.5, 17.0 ± 0.3, 21.6 ± 0.4, and 26.8 ± 0.6°C [mean ± SD]) were tested in triplicate to determine specific growth rates and daily length increases. In addition to growth rate, consumption rates were also assessed by recording the grams of feed offered to fish and the amount uneaten to ensure all fish were fed to satiation. Lake Sturgeon consumed 2.76, 9.63, 13.69, and 14.22% body weight/d, respectively, and grew at a specific growth rate of 0.50, 1.42, 2.01, and 1.75 mm/d, respectively. Fish consumed more food with increasing water temperature; however, daily length increase declined at 26.8°C. This study may be used to construct growth models for production programs, project size at stocking, and project feed rates based on water temperature.
Königliches im Labor
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Böhme Uwe
Published: July 2019

Mikrocontroller erfassen Messdaten und übermitteln sie an einen PC, auch im Labor. Dabei sind selbst gebaute Messgeräte mit Open‐Source‐Controllern preiswerter als kommerzielle Geräte, arbeiten aber ebenso präzise.
Stillstandsmanagement: planen, umbauen, dokumentieren
Authors: Landgraf Evelyn
Published: July 2019

Die BASF in Schwarzheide nutzte den turnusgemäßen Stillstand der Toluylendiisocyanat‐Anlage im Jahr 2018 für Revisionen an mehreren Anlagenteilen. Das Unternehmen rüstete die Anlage um und ließ die Prozessleittechnik dem Stand der Technik anpassen.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 1: Peptidtherapeutika
Authors: Els‐Heindl Sylvia , Bellmann‐Sickert Kathrin
Published: July 2019

Peptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 4: Organoide
Authors: Mörl Karin
Published: July 2019

Peptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
(Almost) matrix‐free solver for piecewise linear functions in abs‐normal form
Authors: Bosse Torsten
Published: July 2019

The abs‐normal form (ANF) is a compact algebraic representation for piecewise linear functions. These functions can be used to approximate piecewise smooth functions and contain valuable information about the nonsmoothness of the investigated function. The information helps to define step directions within general Newton methods that obey the structure of the original function and typically yield better convergence. However, the computation of the generalized Newton directions requires the solution of a piecewise linear equation in ANF. It was observed that the ANF can become very large, even for simple functions. Hence, if a solver is based on the ANF and uses the (Schur‐complement) matrices of the explicit ANF representation, it has to be considered computationally expensive. In this paper, we will address this question and present the first (almost) matrix‐free versions of some solver for ANFs. The theoretical discussion is supported by some numerical run‐time experiments.
Influence of comonomer distribution on crystallization kinetics and performance of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhao Bing , Ding Lei , Zhang Daoxin , Yang Feng , Xiang Ming
Published: July 2019

Three polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE‐RT) materials have been used to explore the factors that cause the differences in crystallization kinetics and mechanical performance between different classes and between the same classes. 1‐PE‐RT and 3‐PE‐RT belong to the same class (type II) but with different comonomer, while 2‐PE‐RT (type I) and 3‐PE‐RT use the same comonomer. The results of tensile and bending tests and isothermal crystallization indicate that different classes or even the same classes of PE‐RT have differences in high‐temperature resistance and long‐term performance. Characterization of the molecular chain structure shows that the comonomer content within the high molecular weight chains is significantly higher than that within the low molecular weight chains, and the comonomer is not uniformly distributed over the short‐chain molecules, which makes 1‐PE‐RT have higher modulus and better long‐term performance. Because the difference of comonomer content in long‐chain molecules and short‐chain molecules is small and the comonomer is relatively uniformly distributed over the short‐chain molecules, 3‐PE‐RT cannot balance the stiffness and the long‐term performance very well. For 2‐PE‐RT, the comonomer content in the long‐chain molecules and the short‐chain molecules is approximately the same and there is no intramolecular comonomer distribution, and thus it has the best long‐term performance but the lowest modulus. 2‐PE‐RT cannot have rigidity and good long‐term performance at the same time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Barriers and facilitators to community‐based psycho‐oncology services: A qualitative study of health professionals’ attitudes to the feasibility and acceptability of a shared care model
Authors: Vaccaro Lisa , Shaw Joanne , Sethi Suvena , Kirsten Laura , Beatty Lisa , Mitchell Geoffrey , Kissane David , Kelly Brian , Turner Jane
Published: July 2019

Objective

Psychological therapies combined with medication are effective treatments for depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. However, the psycho‐oncology workforce is insufficient to meet patient need and is hard to access outside of the major cities. To bridge this gap, innovative models of care are required. Implementation of a new model of care requires attention to the facilitators and barriers. The aim of this study was to explore stakeholders’ attitudes to the feasibility and acceptability of a community‐based, shared care model for the treatment of depression and anxiety.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with community‐based clinical psychologists (n = 10), general practitioners (n = 6), and hospital‐based psychologists working in psycho‐oncology (n = 9). Framework analysis was conducted to identify key themes.

Results

All stakeholders perceived the model as feasible and acceptable. Potential barriers/facilitators to implementation were summarised under six key themes: (a) initiative, ownership, and autonomy; (b) resources; (c) pathway establishment; (d) support; (e) skill acquisition; and (f) patient engagement. Facilitators included quality communication between health professionals across primary and tertiary care and appropriate education and support for community‐based clinicians.

Conclusions

This in‐depth exploration of Australian health professionals’ perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of a community‐based model of psycho‐oncology care revealed that most clinicians were willing to adopt the proposed changes into practice. An RCT of a shared care intervention for depressed patients with cancer is needed.
Band Gap Prediction for Large Organic Crystal Structures with Machine Learning
Authors: Olsthoorn Bart , Geilhufe R. Matthias , Borysov Stanislav S. , Balatsky Alexander V.
Published: July 2019

Machine‐learning models are capable of capturing the structure–property relationship from a dataset of computationally demanding ab initio calculations. Over the past two years, the Organic Materials Database (OMDB) has hosted a growing number of calculated electronic properties of previously synthesized organic crystal structures. The complexity of the organic crystals contained within the OMDB, which have on average 82 atoms per unit cell, makes this database a challenging platform for machine learning applications. In this paper, the focus is on predicting the band gap which represents one of the basic properties of a crystalline material. With this aim, a consistent dataset of 12 500 crystal structures and their corresponding DFT band gap are released, freely available for download at https://omdb.mathub.io/dataset. An ensemble of two state‐of‐the‐art models reach a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.388 eV, which corresponds to a percentage error of 13% for an average band gap of 3.05 eV. Finally, the trained models are employed to predict the band gap for 260 092 materials contained within the Crystallography Open Database (COD) and made available online so that the predictions can be obtained for any arbitrary crystal structure uploaded by a user.
Sulfonic Acid Functionalized MIL‐101(Cr) Metal‐Organic Framework for Catalytic Production of Acetals
Authors: Mortazavi Saeideh‐Sadat , Abbasi Alireza , Masteri‐Farahani Majid , Farzaneh Faezeh
Published: July 2019

A simple and green process for acetalization of benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of a new solid acid nanocatalyst is reported. For this purpose, MIL‐101(Cr) was synthesized in the absence of HF and then sulfonic acid functionalized MOF was prepared under mild conditions without using hazardous chemicals. First, the MIL‐101(Cr) was functionalized with cysteamine as a non‐toxic material to afford MIL‐101(Cr)‐SH. Then, reaction of the MIL‐101(Cr)‐SH with hydrogen peroxide as a clean oxidant followed by acidification with diluted sulfuric acid produced MIL‐101(Cr)‐SO3H solid acid nanocatalyst. Characterization of the prepared nanocatalyst was carried out with various physicochemical methods. The results of elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy confirmed the stepwise functionalization of MIL‐101(Cr) with sulfonic acid groups. Nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analysis indicated the reduction of surface area after functionalization of pristine MIL‐101(Cr). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the MIL‐101(Cr) kept its crystal structure during the modification steps. Finally, the activity of prepared catalyst was evaluated in the clean acetalization of benzaldehyde derivatives with ethylene glycol which exhibited excellent efficiencies and produced water as the only byproduct. The nanocatalyst was consecutively recovered and applied 5‐times without notable loss of its activity.
Mono and Dinuclear Cu(II) Carboxylate Complexes with Pyridine and 1‐methylimidazole as Co–Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Antibacterial Activity and Catalytic Nitroaldol Reactions
Authors: Premkumar Muniyappan , Kaleeswaran Dhananjayan , Kaviyarasan Govindaraj , Prasanth Dorairaj Arvind , Venkatachalam Galmari
Published: July 2019

A new series of Cu(II) carboxylate complexes [Cu2(RCOO)4(Py)2] (1 & 2) and [Cu(RCOO)2(MIm)2] (3 & 4) {RCOO=p–FBA (p‐fluorobenzoic acid), BA (benzoic acid), Py (Pyridine), MIm (1–methylimidazole)} have been synthesized. The composition of complexes (1–4) has been established by spectral (FTIR, UV/Vis & EPR) methods and elemental analysis. Molecular structures of copper(II) carboxylate complexes [Cu2(p–FBA)4(Py)2] (1) and [Cu(p–FBA)2(MIm)2] (3) were established by X–ray diffraction. These copper(II) carboxylate complexes 1–4 exhibit a very good catalytic activity towards nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of various aldehydes with nitromethane. The ligands and copper(II) complexes were also screened for their antibacterial activity against microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Mild and Rapid Aniline/HBF4•DEE‐Catalysed Formation of Sulfinyl Imines
Authors: Blomkvist Björn , Dinér Peter
Published: July 2019

The combination of anline and tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl etherate (2.5 mol% and 5 mol%, respectively) significantly accelerates the formation of sulfinyl imines in dichloromethane and isopropylacetate at room temperature compared to previous procedures. A DFT and NMR spectroscopic study shows that the anilinium tetrafluoroborate complex is solvated by sulfinamide molecules in the initial state and that the rate‐limiting step of the reaction is the addition of the sulfinamide molecule to the protonated aniline‐based imine. In addition, the catalytic system was also utilised in a one‐pot, two step reaction, where the in situ formed sulfinyl imine was arylated in a rhodium catalysed reaction with high diastereoselectivity.
A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing 1,3‐Indandione Skeleton
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghasemzadeh Hossein , Xiao Hong‐Ping
Published: July 2019

The pyrimidines fused with pyrrole ring, pyrrolopyrimidines, showed broad applicability in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we synthesized the new derivatives (8 examples) of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine containing 1,3‐indandione skeleton by the use of triethylammonium thiolates, methyl iodide, and ketene aminals via a one‐pot three‐component reaction.
Comparative Desorption Studies on Remediation of Remazol Dyes Using Biochar (Sorbent) Derived from Green Marine Seaweeds
Authors: Ravindiran Gokulan , Jeyaraju Raja Murugadoss , Josephraj Jegan , Alagumalai Avinash
Published: July 2019

In this work, regeneration of Remazol dye loaded biochar produced from three different green marine seaweeds namely U.lactuca, U.reticulata and C.scalpelliformis was studied using different elutants as a regenerant. Before the regeneration, remediation of remazol dyes were studied in batch trails and U. Lactuca derived biochar is found to best ‐suited biochar for the remediation all four remazol dyes with a removal efficiency in the order of Remazol brilliant orange 3R (91%), followed by Remazol brilliant blue R (89.6%), Remazol brilliant violet 5R (84.2%) and Remazol Black B (77.8%). Further Remazol brilliant orange 3R is studied for the remediation of real wastewater and also continuous remediation of dyes is performed. The present work aspires to find the best regenerant for dye loaded biochars. From the investigation NaOH(0.01 M) is found to be the best elutant for all the three different biochars. Desorption efficiency for U. lactuca biochar loaded remazol dyes were between 99.3 to 99.7%, U. reticulate biochar loaded remazol dyes were between 99.4 to 99.8% and for C. scalpelliformis biochar loaded remazol dyes were between 99.2 to 99.6%. The impacts of S/L ratio on the elution efficiency of NaOH towards dye‐bounded biochar were examined. The results indicated that elution efficiency of NaOH remain unaltered until S/L ratio=5 and additional enhancement of S/L ratio caused significant decrease in elution efficiency for all systems.
Alkynyl‐ or Azido‐Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazoles: Selective MonoCuAAC Promoted by Physical Factors
Authors: Topchiy Maxim A. , Ageshina Alexandra A. , Chesnokov Gleb A. , Sterligov Grigorii K. , Rzhevskiy Sergey A. , Gribanov Pavel S. , Osipov Sergey N. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Asachenko Andrey F.
Published: July 2019

The chemical factors are tending to be the usual way to control the reaction selectivity. However, this approach is inapplicable in cases of compounds with two or more functional groups of almost the same or equal reactivity. On these occasions considering the reaction bulk physical properties can be much more beneficial. In the present work we studied one of these complicated cases, namely, the CuAAC reaction of symmetrical diazides or diynes in equimolar amounts, and developed two approaches to solve the selectivity problem between mono‐ and diaddition. Single cycloaddition in the CuAAC reaction of symmetric diazides or diynes can be achieved by: 1) precipitation of the monoaddition product, 1,2,3‐triazole, from nonpolar solvent – heptane; 2) the reaction halt after formation of monoaddition product due to increase of the viscosity in solvent‐free procedure. Thus, two new “green” one‐step methods of alkynyl‐ or azido‐functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles synthesis were devised. Their utility was shown on 17 examples of good to excellent yields.