bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associações entre a motivação e diferentes aspectos do exercício físico em indivíduos que mantiveram a perda de massa corporal
Authors: Pinto Manuel , Santos Inês
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre a motivação e vários aspectos da prática de exercício físico (EF) em indivíduos que mantiveram a perda de massa corporal, e explorar o papel do gênero. A amostra foi constituída por 253 participantes, foram avaliadas as suas características sociodemográficas, a composição corporal, o EF, a motivação geral e específica para o exercício, com instrumentos validados. Utilizou-se o teste t-de student para comparar as diversas variáveis entre os participantes. Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis motivacionais e os diferentes aspectos do EF, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foram ainda criados tercis para as variáveis motivacionais e posteriormente comparadas as médias dos vários aspectos do EF, através do teste da ANOVA one-way. Observaram-se diferenças entre gêneros no que respeita à intensidade, duração e dispêndio energético e na maioria das variáveis motivacionais, favorecendo o gênero masculino. Identificaram-se associações positivas entre as variáveis motivacionais relacionadas com o EF, nomeadamente a motivação intrínseca e as regulações de ordem mais autônoma, e os diferentes aspectos do EF, na amostra total e no gênero feminino (p < 0,05). Em indivíduos com sucesso na manutenção da perda de massa corporal, particularmente nas mulheres, motivações mais autônomas para o EF associaram-se a maior prática de EF. Essas conclusões são significativas para programas de perda de massa corporal e promoção de saúde, indicando que a motivação autônoma pode ser um fator de sucesso na manutenção da massa corporal.
The Effects of Group Rational Emotive Therapy on the Self-Esteem of Nursing Students
Authors: Ahn Hoang Lan , Pai Hang Ja
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the ef fects of RET Group Training based on Ellis* theory on the change of self—esteem of nursing students.The study is based on 144 RET program sessions conducted for two years. The participants were 77 senior nursing students who were on the clinical practice of psychiatric ward. Each group was composed of 6—8 nursing students and it took 90 minutes twelve times for three weeks. The program was consisted of instruction, student’s presentation of their homework, and modeling.Data were collected from March, 1992 to December 1993 with 77 nursing students who were on the clinical practice of psychiatric ward in Gyeongsang University Hospital(Chinju city).The 77 students were measured by using self-esteem scale before and after the training on the self-esteem of nursing students. The data were analyzed by an SPSS computerized program and included Paired t-test to examine the pre—post differences of the RET training.As the result, Hypothesis, “self—esteem of nursing students will be enhanced after RET group trainging” was accepted (P<.001).In conclusion, RET group training is efficient for improving the level of self-esteem of nursing students.
The Effect of Perceived Social Support and symptom Distress of Patients with cancer on hope
Authors: Moon Hee , Lee Chung Sook
Published: September 2024

This study has been done for the purpose of investigating the factors influencing the hope in cancer patients.The subjects for this study were 61 patients receiving chemotherapy at one university hopital located in Kwang -Ju.The data were gathered from July 20 to August 30,1994 through interviews by questionnaires.The data were analysed by frequency, mean & D., t-test, ANOVA, Pearson*s correlation coef ficient, and Stepwise multiple regression, using an SAS program.The results of this study were summarized as follows;1. The mean score of perceived social support was 105.8 with a score range from 25 to 125. The major source of social support was the spouse, and the major types of support were emotional and material support.2. The mean socre of perceived symptom distress was 34.2 with a score range from 5 to 66.3. The mean score of perceived hope was 98.5 with a scor range from 44 to 111.4. The relationship between levels of perceived social support and hope was significant (r=.409, P=.001). Therore the first hypothesis was supported.5. The relationship between perceived degree of symptom distress and hope was significant (r=-.403, P=.001). Therefore hypothesis H (1) was supported. 6. The relationship between perceived severity of symptom distress and hope was not significant (r=-.156, P=.227). Therefore hypothesis H (2) was rejected.7. The level of hope depending on general characteristics was significantly different in variables such as religion(F=2.87, P=.O31), education level(F=5.58, P=.OO2), and pain of body(F=3.99, P=050). 8. By using stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the main influencing factors on the hope were education level (19%), perceived social support (16%), degree of symp tom distress (9%), religion (6%), and pain of body(2%). There variables made it possible to explain 53% of variance on hope.
Association of Selected Personal and Family Characteristics and their Drinking Patterns with Depression in Alcoholic Inpatients
Authors: Kim Ji Young
Published: September 2024

Association of alcoholics with depression has been studied mostly in Western world. However, very few has attempted to find out the causality of the association.This study was planned to see if there was any relationship between Korean alcoholic inpatients and depression, and to see whether some of personal, family characteristics and drinking pattern variables were associated with their depression status.For this study, 60 alcoholic inpatients in 5 hospitals in Kyonggi-province area were studied with Beck’s Depression Inventory and a structured questionnaire on general and drinking pattern variables of the study subjects.Major findings from this study are as follows:1. The majority (91.7%) of study subjects were in the age group of 30 years over, and more than half of them were in the lower socio-economic status in terms of occupation and educational level. 85% of the study subjects were from large family with 4 or more siblings. Half of the study subjects were 3rd and later in their birth orders. 2. Those who were first admitted to the mental hospital due to alcohol drinking in their 30s were 41.7%, and those who were first admitted in their teen were 16.7%. 45.0% of the study subjects had been admitted to the hospital for more than 3 times.Major motivation of drinking was social relationship (54.3%) and 50.0% of the subjects were drinking at any time they wanted. 56.6% of the study subjects were choosing alcohol when they felt sad or depressed, and 65.0% of the subjects had heavy drinking fathers.3. No personal or family characteristics were significantly associated with the depression scores of the study subjects.4. The relationship between frequency of drinking and the depression score was statistically significant.5. In multiple regression analysis, age and the frequency of drinking were significantly associated with the depression scores, and the explanatory power of depression scores by 11 personal, family and drinking pattern variables was 26%(R2=0.26).
An Analysis of Nursing Disgnoses of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Ko Sung-Hee
Published: September 2024

This study is to analyze nursing diagnoses used in students’ psychiatric clinical practice, and ultimately to provide basic data for efficient clinical teaching. The subjects for this study are 30 cases reported by nursing students. Data collection is done from Aug. 21 to Sep. 11 in 1994, from April 4 to June 22, and from July 3 to Sep. 16 in 1995.The findings of this study are as follows:Nursing diagnoses stated by students* nurses were 27 titles of nursing diagnosis, and 2.9 titles per patient. The frequency order of nursing diagnoses by students* nurses were 'coping, inef、 fective individual’ ‘thought process, altered' ‘sen sory-perceptual alterations* ‘social isolation’ 'social interaction, impaired* Communication, impaired verbaf ‘self-esteem, chronic low* * self-care deficit, bathing /hygiene’ ‘anxiety’.In the classfication, according to 9 human response patterns, the frequency orders were ‘perceiving’ ‘choosing’ ‘relating' but ‘valuing’ was not used.Titles and defining characteristics on the NANDA list of approved diagnoses were most frequently used by students* nurses. But many of the related factors used by students* nurses were not on the NANDA approved list. These results suggest that titles and defining characteristics on the NANDA list of approved diagnoses are very useful in psychiatric clinical practice, but the related factors are not highly of use. Further study and research are needed to develope the NANDA list in psychiatric field.
A study on aggressive behavior & nursing intervention at psychiatric ward
Authors: Noh Choon Hee
Published: September 2024

This study was undertaken to investigate answers to the following questions.1) What are the characteristics of aggressive behavior in psychiatric ward?2) What is the nurse*s intervention to aggressive behavior?3) What is the effective nursing approach of aggressive behavior in future?The data was collected by nurse’s observation record about aggressive incidents. The 17 aggressive incidents occured in psychiatric ward in a 13-month period. The data analysis was performed by typology in literature descriptively.The results are as follows:1) Almost all aggressive behavior occured in combination with disturbing behaviors. Disruptive behaviors may procede endangering behaviors.2) The nursing intervention of aggressive behavior were (encourage thought), <show concern, listening) <mood match) (manage others in environment). (give clear instructions) <eye contact & body posture) (personalize yourself) were not appeared.These results suggest that the expecting factors of aggressive behavior should be identified and the nurses should be trained practical aggression management program.
A phenomenological study of the psychological state of Alcoholics inpatients
Authors: Kim Mun Young
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the alcoholic inpatienfs psychological state.The data were collected from unstructured interviews with 15 alcoholic inpatients. They were audio—recorded and analyzed Van Kaam’s method.The results are as follow;1. Patients ascribed expectancies extracted were that alcohol transforms experiences in a positive way； the first, to enhance social pleasure, second, to relax and reduce tension, third, to increase power and aggression, fourth, to increase social assertiveness. 2. Patients ascribed psychological states identified during alcohol drinking, the first, to enhance pleasure, second, to relax and reduce tension, third, to increase power and aggression. fourth, to increase social assertiveness.3. Patients ascribed psychological states identified when they are awaken from alcohol drinking, regret and determination, anxiety, apathy.4. Patients ascribed motivations to heavy drinking identified anger, social situation, fear.5. Patients ascribed psychological states of presence identified wish, despair, self accu sation, anxiety.6. Patients ascribed psychological state about family identified, only guilty.I suggest to study about finding the nursing diagnosis and related factor, and nursing plan re lated to psychological state of alcoholic inpatients based on these results.
An Analysis of Suicide Concepts
Authors: Kim Yong Boon , Lee Jeong Seop
Published: September 2024

Recently, the rate of suicides has been increasing due to people’s worsening mental health caused by accelerated industrialization/ urbanization, increasing nuclear families or disintegrating family system, aging population and other demographic and socio-economic changes. Since the suicides increase enough not to be neglected any longer, it is urgent to arrange some political anti-suicide measures as well as some specific service and prevention programs.Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at analyzing the suicide concepts and thereby, providing for some basic data useful to nursing interventions in prevention of suicides.According to Walker & Avant's(1983) framework of conceptual analysis, the suicide concept may break down into such attributes as agony, liberation, expression, impulse, threat and expectancy.The prerequisite factors of suicide are failed love, shame and slander, dishonor or stem military rules, orders requiring individual sacrifices, frustrated sincerity and belief, political crisis, poverty and over-confidence, unfair treatment and mental pain, psychiatric diseases, etc. After all, those who committed suicide had suffered from hopeless sense of despair for their life, sense of inertia, alienation, isolation and depression, while feeing a sense of emptiness without any conviction about themselves and their future. Such factors are combined to explode, making the victims resort to suicide after all.Since this study was designed to analyze the suicide concept to make people understand the phenomenon of suicide comprehensively, it is believed that it has provided for some basic data useful to development of a proper and effective nursing intervention in suicides.
Estudo do fluxo migratório no Brasil: a redução da desigualdade por meio dos termos
Authors: Maia-Pires Flávia de Oliveira
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho é de natureza qualitativa e se insere na área do Léxico e da Terminologia, em conjunto com a Linguística de Corpus, e está alinhado com uma das metas da Agenda 2030: ODS 10, meta 07. É fruto de um projeto relacionado ao estudo das unidades terminológicas que compõem as leis e as diretrizes sobre as políticas de migração, com ênfase nos que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade, como os refugiados. O estudo identificou uma lacuna quanto à sistematização da terminologia em uso com critérios científicos que abordem as atualidades conceituais e que visem à acessibilidade linguística por parte dos próprios migrantes internacionais. Apresentam-se os resultados da primeira fase da pesquisa, em que mais de 60 termos foram identificados e registrados em verbetes para o Glossário terminológico em elaboração.
O corpo em avulsão – análise léxico-estilística do narrador de "O amor dos homens avulsos", de Victor Heringer (2016)
Authors: Plato Isadora Lemos Gomes de
Published: September 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma análise léxico-estilística da caracterização do narrador-protagonista do romance O amor dos homens avulsos, de Victor Heringer (2016). Partimos da correlação, aventada por Yllera (1979), entre a Estilística da Língua (Bally, 1951; Câmara Jr., 1972; 1978) e a Estilística Estrutural (Riffaterre, 1971; 1989; Guiraud, 1985) para uma abordagem formal do texto literário. Inicialmente, delineamos o conceito de estilo e o papel atribuído à estilística por esses estudiosos. Depois, investigamos a construção da expressividade por meio de recursos lexicais e morfossintáticos nos fragmentos selecionados, mobilizando categorias de análise da Estilística Lexical e Morfológica (Martins, 2012). Por fim, oferecemos perspectivas de interpretação da obra baseadas no estilo do romance.
Os significados submersos das orcas residentes: revisitando o conceito sistêmico-funcional de protolíngua na relação língua e sentido
Authors: Freitas Gabriel Gomes Botelho
Published: September 2024

A literatura sistêmico-funcional afirma que animais além dos humanos possuem uma “protolíngua” (Halliday, 1978; Martin, 2013). Por sua vez, o sistema humano adulto seria o único que teria evoluído o estrato do contexto, contudo, uma leitura dos trabalhos sobre orcas contesta tal conclusão (Whitehead; Rendell, 2014). Para avaliar a hipótese de que a língua humana é única na característica de ser o único sistema semiótico denotativo (Martin, 1992), faz-se importante que sejam apresentadas evidências. Para isso, este trabalho se debruça sobre pesquisas recentes acerca da complexidade sociossemiótica das orcas, focando em conceituar o sistema linguístico na relação língua e sentido. Por fim, busca motivar pesquisas teóricas e empíricas introduzindo os conceitos teóricos de criptossemiose e tradução interespecífica.
Mudanças de enquadre e footing em respectivas falas-em-interação social de abusador e vítima
Authors: Lima Jean Ignacio
Published: September 2024

A partir do aporte teórico-metodológico da Sociolinguística Interacional - SI (Ribeiro; Garcez, 2013) e (Gumperz, 2020), este escrito visa a investigar a organização da interação entrevistador-vítima e entrevistador-abusador quanto às denúncias e acusações de abusos sexuais cometidos por João de Deus. Mobilizando conceitos fundamentais da SI, como enquadre e footing, a investigação interacional compõe-se de dois trechos transcritos de duas reportagens distintas, reunidas em um mesmo vídeo[1] do canal do Youtube intitulado “Vídeos da Década de 2010”. Apoiando-se na análise das interações das quais médium e vítima participam em suas respectivas entrevistas, frente à dinâmica da coconstrução interacional, a autodefesa de João de Deus, na época pré-condenação, já se punha à prova.
Chinaredo, chinas e chinocas no conto “Divertidos”, de Roque Callage: uma análise histórico-enunciativa
Authors: Echevarria Felipe Rodrigues
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise histórico-enunciativa sobre as palavras chinaredo, chinas e chinocas e a relação que essas palavras estabelecem com outras no conto “Divertidos”, extraído da obra Terra Gaúcha (2000 [1914]) escrita por Roque Callage. Na realização desse gesto analítico, mobilizo pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História das Ideias Linguísticas (HIL) e o conceito de reescrituração proposto por Guimarães (2009, 2018), a fim de compreender como chinaredo, chinas e chinocas são reescrituradas por meio de outras palavras. A partir dessa análise, estabeleço um diálogo entre Linguística, História e Estudos de gênero, considerando o modo como as relações entre esses três campos do saber se significam nas definições de palavras.
Aplicações potenciais da Linguística Cognitiva para áreas da Linguagem, do Discurso e da Gramática
Authors: Abreu Antônio Suárez , Lopes Thiago Wallace Rodrigues dos Santos , Leão Débora
Published: September 2024

A entrevista nacional do dossiê "A relação 'língua e sentido' em diferentes abordagens", da Palimpsesto – revista discente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ, oportuniza uma troca com o professor, pesquisador e escritor Antônio Suarez de Abreu. Doutor em Linguística pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), atuou em diversas universidades, como USP e UNESP, tem experiência e produção nas áreas de Cognição e Linguagem, Gramática e Retórica e Linguística Cognitiva. Nessa conversa, fomos brindados com o seu percurso dentro dos estudos linguísticos, discorrendo sobre assuntos como a produção de textos, marcadores textuais e pragmáticos e, com maior destaque, Linguística Cognitiva, assunto que conduz nosso foco para um homem não (apenas) científico, mas ancestral e corporificado. Agradecemos imensamente ao professor Antônio Suarez de Abreu pela proveitosa conversa.
GAMEARGUMENTAÇÃO: A GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA METODOLÓGICA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TEXTOS ARGUMENTATIVOS
Authors: Da Costa Coelho Maria Dayane , Alves Shirlei Marly
Published: September 2024

Este estudo descreve os impactos da gamificação como metodologia de ensino, na habilidade de argumentação escrita de 29 alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal maranhense. Levando em consideração seu objetivo, a pesquisa analisa e descreve as produções textuais provenientes das etapas de intervenção, bem como o fator motivação, que constitui o corpus. Tendo em vista que partiu de uma intervenção na realidade que é própria do pesquisador, assume o caráter de pesquisa de aplicação, com viés quase experimental, procedendo-se a uma abordagem qualitativa de dados. Como base teórica, foram considerados autores como Kapp (2012), Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) e Keller (1987). A proposta de intervenção consistiu em uma sequência de atividades gamificadas, com foco no ensino de três tipos de argumento: autoridade, exemplificação e comparação. Os resultados demonstraram que a gamificação, aliada ao modelo ARCS (Keller, 1987), mantém os alunos motivados e engajados por muito tempo. A análise das produções textuais evidenciou que, após a gamificação, os alunos melhoraram a capacidade de estruturar e explicitar um ponto de vista, bem como de elaborar argumentos, relacionando-os de forma mais coesa entre si e com a tese, selecionando informações mais relevantes para justificá-la. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a gamificação, como uma possibilidade metodológica, se mostrou adequada para tornar o ensino de produção textual mais significativo para os alunos, uma vez que contribuiu para que a aprendizagem acontecesse de modo menos estático e mais situado.
Building a better future in Hull
Authors: Jacobs Nina
Published: September 2024

IN SUMMARY

East Yorkshire council works with housing providers to develop more in-house residential provision to reduce out-of-area placements and improve children's outcomes.
Learning from a poor inspection
Authors: Ohdedar Donna
Published: September 2024

A critical inspection report can seem like the end of the world. There may be negative consequences, but it can also be a catalyst to refocus, says expert Donna Ohdedar, who sets out 10 lessons for leaders
Minimally invasive robotic-assisted lumbar laminectomy
Authors: Altorfer Franziska C. S. , Kelly Michael J. , Avrumova Fedan , Burkhard Marco D. , Sneag Darryl B. , Chazen J. L. , Tan Ek T. , Lebl Darren R.
Published: September 2024

Aims

To report the development of the technique for minimally invasive lumbar decompression using robotic-assisted navigation.

Methods

Robotic planning software was used to map out bone removal for a laminar decompression after registration of CT scan images of one cadaveric specimen. A specialized acorn-shaped bone removal robotic drill was used to complete a robotic lumbar laminectomy. Post-procedure advanced imaging was obtained to compare actual bony decompression to the surgical plan. After confirming accuracy of the technique, a minimally invasive robotic-assisted laminectomy was performed on one 72-year-old female patient with lumbar spinal stenosis. Postoperative advanced imaging was obtained to confirm the decompression.

Results

A workflow for robotic-assisted lumbar laminectomy was successfully developed in a human cadaveric specimen, as excellent decompression was confirmed by postoperative CT imaging. Subsequently, the workflow was applied clinically in a patient with severe spinal stenosis. Excellent decompression was achieved intraoperatively and preservation of the dorsal midline structures was confirmed on postoperative MRI. The patient experienced improvement in symptoms postoperatively and was discharged within 24 hours.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive robotic-assisted lumbar decompression utilizing a specialized robotic bone removal instrument was shown to be accurate and effective both in vitro and in vivo. The robotic bone removal technique has the potential for less invasive removal of laminar bone for spinal decompression, all the while preserving the spinous process and the posterior ligamentous complex. Spinal robotic surgery has previously been limited to the insertion of screws and, more recently, cages; however, recent innovations have expanded robotic capabilities to decompression of neurological structures.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):809–817.
Metricisation in school: an affective and epistemic injustice
Authors: Lynch Kathleen , Lodge Anne
Published: September 2024

Neither the Rawlsian distributive model of justice nor Fraser’s (2008) three-dimensional model, based on principles of redistribution, recognition and representation, are sufficient to explain inequality in education. Both perspectives misrecognise how affective care relations operate as a discrete and relatively autonomous set of social practices, and how epistemic injustices impact participatory parity. The goal of this article is to show how metricisation exacerbates both affective and epistemic injustices, which, in turn, compound the classism and ableism of education.

Being hierarchically classified in school means being future-framed by a series of life-defining metrics specifying your capabilities. For many, the result is a definition that sets them apart as lacking appropriate educational currency (cleverness) defined in terms of abstract verbal and logical-mathematical reasoning. This exposes them to public shaming and humiliation, which, while exacerbated by tracking, works independently alongside it. The cleverness devaluation provides a moral and political justification for hierarchical ordering, an ordering that is incontestable as children lack epistemic credibility.

Drawing on published research examining the impact of rating and grading children in school, and on a reanalysis of data from a major study of inequality in education undertaken by the authors, the article examines affective and epistemic injustices and the role of metrics in these processes. A key message of the article is that the use of tests and metrics purporting to determine and order children’s educational ‘ability’ or ‘intelligence’ leads to the hierarchical ordering that is deeply unjust in affective terms, and compounded by testimonial and hermeneutic injustices in school.
Environmental surveillance for Salmonella Typhi in rivers and wastewater from an informal sewage network in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Uzzell Christopher B. , Gray Elizabeth , Rigby Jonathan , Troman Catherine M. , Diness Yohane , Mkwanda Charity , Tonthola Katalina , Kanjerwa Oscar , Salifu Chifundo , Nyirenda Tonney , Chilupsya Chisomo , Msefula Chisomo , Elviss Nicola , Grassly Nicholas C. , Feasey Nicholas A.
Published: September 2024

Environmental surveillance forSalmonellaTyphi may provide information on the community-level dynamics of typhoid fever in resource poor regions experiencing high disease burden. Many knowledge gaps concerning the feasibility of ES remain, especially in areas lacking formal sewage systems. We implemented protocols forS. Typhi ES, including site selection and catchment population estimation, sample concentration and testing using qPCR forS. Typhi specific gene targets. Between May 2021 and May 2022, we collected grab samples and Moore swabs from 43 sites in Blantyre, Malawi. Catchment characteristics, water quality, and human faecal contamination (qPCR for Bacteroides HF183) were also recorded. Their association withS. Typhi detection was investigated using a logistic mixed-effects regression analysis. Prevalence ofS. Typhi in ES samples was 2.1% (1.1–4.0%) and 3.9% (1.9–7.9%) for grab and Moore swab samples, respectively. HF183 was associatedS. Typhi positivity, with a unit increase in log genome copies/microlitre increasing the odds of detection ofS. Typhi by 1.56 (95% CI: 1.29–1.89) and 1.33 (1.10–1.61) in Moore swabs and grab samples, respectively. The location and timing ofS. Typhi detection through ES was not associated with the incidence of typhoid fever reported in associated catchment populations. During this period of relatively low typhoid fever incidence, wastewater surveillance continued to detectS. Typhi in human sewage and wastewater suggesting that ES using natural river systems can be a sensitive indicator of transmission.
The association between frailty, care receipt and unmet need for care with the risk of hospital admissions
Authors: Maharani Asri , Sinclair David R. , Clegg Andrew , Hanratty Barbara , Nazroo James , Tampubolon Gindo , Todd Chris , Wittenberg Raphael , O’Neill Terence W. , Matthews Fiona E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Frailty is characterised by a decline in physical, cognitive, energy, and health reserves and is linked to greater functional dependency and higher social care utilisation. However, the relationship between receiving care, or receiving insufficient care among older people with different frailty status and the risk of unplanned admission to hospital for any cause, or the risk of falls and fractures remains unclear.

Methods and findings

This study used information from 7,656 adults aged 60 and older participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) waves 6–8. Care status was assessed through received care and self-reported unmet care needs, while frailty was measured using a frailty index. Competing-risk regression analysis was used (with death as a potential competing risk), adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic confounders. Around a quarter of the participants received care, of which approximately 60% received low levels of care, while the rest had high levels of care. Older people who received low and high levels of care had a higher risk of unplanned admission independent of frailty status. Unmet need for care was not significantly associated with an increased risk of unplanned admission compared to those receiving no care. Older people in receipt of care had an increased risk of hospitalisation due to falls but not fractures, compared to those who received no care after adjustment for covariates, including frailty status.

Conclusions

Care receipt increases the risk of hospitalisation substantially, suggesting this is a group worthy of prevention intervention focus.
Measurement of economic resilience under the COVID-19 based on nighttime light remote sensing: Case of Hubei province
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Hao Xuechen , Du Xishihui , Ding Hua , Xie Zhiwei
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the economic resilience of cities in Hubei province during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing highway nighttime lights as a proxy indicator. By February 2020, the pandemic had caused a significant economic contraction in Hubei. However, by May 2021, a strong recovery was observed, with most cities experiencing growth rates of over 20%. Despite initially similar responses to the crisis, this study reveals significant heterogeneity in economic resilience across the examined cities in Hubei. The spatial distribution follows a core-periphery structure, with Wuhan exhibiting greater resistance to economic shocks compared to peripheral cities. Furthermore, the response capacity within the Wuhan urban agglomeration area exhibits regional variations. In summary, lockdown policies had spatially varied impacts on economic resilience across Hubei’s cities. These results offer valuable insights into regional economic resilience and contribute to the formulation of strategies aimed at effectively addressing future unforeseen events.
Mitochondrial phylogeny and distribution of cytoplasmic male sterility-associated genes in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Kubota Keishi , Oishi Mion , Taniguchi Eigo , Akazawa Akiho , Matsui Katsunori , Kitazaki Kazuyoshi , Toyoda Atsushi , Toh Hidehiro , Matsuhira Hiroaki , Kuroda Yosuke , Kubo Tomohiko
Published: September 2024

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a mitochondrial-encoded trait that confers reproductive defects in males but not in females or any vegetative function. Why CMS is so often found in plants should be investigated from the viewpoint of mitochondrial phylogeny. Beta vulgaris, including the wild subspecies maritima and cultivated subspecies vulgaris (e.g., sugar beet), is known to be mitochondrially polymorphic, from which multiple CMS mitochondria have been found, but their evolutionary relationship has been obscure. We first refined the B. vulgaris reference mitochondrial genome to conduct a more accurate phylogenetic study. We identified mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphic sites from 600 B. vulgaris accessions. Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and creation of a phylogenetic tree consistently suggested that B. vulgaris mitochondria can be classified into several groups whose geographical distribution tends to be biased toward either the Atlantic or Mediterranean coasts. We examined the distribution of CMS-associated mitochondrial genes from Owen, E- and G-type CMS mitochondria. About one-third of cultivated beets had Owen-type CMS, which reflects the prevalence of using Owen-type CMS in hybrid breeding. Occurrence frequencies for each of the three CMS genes in wild beet were less than 4%. CMS genes were tightly associated with specific mitochondrial groups that are phylogenetically distinct, suggesting their independent origin. However, homologous sequences of the Owen type CMS gene occurred in several different mitochondrial groups, for which an intricate explanation is necessary. Whereas the origin of cultivated beet had been presumed to be Greece, we found an absence of Owen-type mitochondria in Greek accessions.
Spatial-temporal differences and convergence analysis of residential building carbon emission efficiency in China
Authors: Wang Yong-Kun , Lu Na , Wang Peng
Published: September 2024

Data indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from residential buildings in China constitute 60% of the country’s total, making carbon reduction efforts in residential construction crucial for achieving dual carbon goals. From the perspective of eight major economic regions, this paper selects energy consumption, per capita residential area, and residential population as input indicators, per capita disposable income as the output indicator, and carbon dioxide emissions as the undesired output indicator. It employs the super-efficiency model based on the directional distance (super-DDF) function and the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index to measure the static and dynamic carbon emission efficiencies of residential buildings (RBCEE) during their operational phase from 2010 to 2020. After analyzing the differences and equity in RBCEE among regions using the Theil index and Gini coefficient, the σ-convergence, absolute β-convergence, and conditional β-convergence methods are utilized to explore the changing trends of RBCEE across the eight major economic regions. Results show that the static RBCEE in China is at a medium level; dynamic efficiency has improved across all eight regions, though at varying rates; overall, RBCEE exhibits poor equity and significant differences, with intra-group differences being a major cause. In terms of convergence, all eight economic regions display significant absolute β-convergence and conditional β-convergence. Finally, based on the research findings, this paper proposes corresponding emission reduction recommendations for the eight major economic regions.
Deferring draft picks: Empirical analysis of the AFL draft
Authors: Chandrakumaran Jemuel , Larkin Paul , McIntosh Sam , Robertson Sam
Published: September 2024

Trading picks is a common transaction observed in sporting leagues that employ player drafts. However, many current and revised draft formats employed by professional leagues allow for the trading of picks in the current year for those in the future. This in turn raises a question of an appropriate rate of discount which can be used to account for the delay in relinquishing current picks for those in the future. This study proposes a discount rate function in the Australian Football League based on the difference between a player’s contribution to his team in his first season to that of his career. The findings reveal a varying discount rate that decreases with the progression of the draft ranging between 42% and 51%, given the increasing deviation of post draft outcomes in the same range. Furthermore, after discounting said picks for four years, the variance in pick reduced considerably as poor performers are delisted after their initial contract period. Upon adopting the model to evaluate previous trades, it is evident that almost all parties infer a higher value on current year selections than future selections (discounting future picks by up to 120%), seeking instant returns over deferred options. Hence, a decision maker trying to capitalise on pick value only would be better off deferring the right to choose in the current year.
Altered hepatic metabolic landscape and insulin sensitivity in response to pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Das Mrinal K. , Savidge Ben , Pearl John E. , Yates Thomas , Miles Gareth , Pareek Manish , Haldar Pranabashis , Cooper Andrea M.
Published: September 2024

Chronic inflammation triggers development of metabolic disease, and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) generates chronic systemic inflammation. Whether TB induced-inflammation impacts metabolic organs and leads to metabolic disorder is ill defined. The liver is the master regulator of metabolism and to determine the impact of pulmonary TB on this organ we undertook an unbiased mRNA and protein analyses of the liver in mice with TB and reanalysed published data on human disease. Pulmonary TB led to upregulation of genes in the liver related to immune signalling and downregulation of genes encoding metabolic processes. In liver, IFN signalling pathway genes were upregulated and this was reflected in increased biochemical evidence of IFN signalling, including nuclear location of phosphorylated Stat-1 in hepatocytes. The liver also exhibited reduced expression of genes encoding the gluconeogenesis rate-limiting enzymes Pck1 and G6pc. Phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor controlling gluconeogenesis was drastically reduced in the livers of mice with pulmonary TB as was phosphorylation of other glucose metabolism-related kinases, including GSK3a, AMPK, and p42. In support of the upregulated IFN signalling being linked to the downregulated metabolic functions in the liver, we found suppression of gluconeogenic gene expression and reduced CREB phosphorylation in hepatocyte cell lines treated with interferons. The impact of reduced gluconeogenic gene expression in the liver was seen when infected mice were less able to convert pyruvate, a gluconeogenesis substrate, to the same extent as uninfected mice. Infected mice also showed evidence of reduced systemic and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Similarly, in humans with TB, we found that changes in a metabolite-based signature of insulin resistance correlates temporally with successful treatment of active TB and with progression to active TB following exposure. These data support the hypothesis that TB drives interferon-mediated alteration of hepatic metabolism resulting in reduced gluconeogenesis and drives systemic reduction of insulin sensitivity.
Qatar vs. Germany: An analysis of Qatari reactions to western discursive othering during the 2022 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Richter Carola , Al-Shami Abdulrahman
Published: September 2024

Massive sports events always attract international attention. However, for attention-seeking countries, this is a double-edged sword because it is difficult to remain in control of the images produced by foreign media outlets. Since Qatar is eager to boost its image internationally, hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup was supposed to be a major step in the country’s comprehensive strategy to achieve this. However, Qatar faced strong criticism from western countries in the run-up to and during the World Cup, exemplified here by a cursory investigation of German media. Taking a postcolonial lens, we analysed the reactions to this criticism in Qatari media in opinion articles of three different sets of media, one focusing on the national Qatari public (Al-Sharq), one targeting the pan-Arab public (Al-Jazeera) and one targeting the western, English-speaking public worldwide (Al-Jazeera English). Two distinct discursive patterns were identified – one that aims to construct a particular identity mix of an Arab, Global Southern and Islamic ‘us’ against the ‘West’ as a kind of positively turned self-othering and another that actively deconstructs what is perceived as western hypocrisy. While the first pattern is exclusive to the Arab-speaking media, the second pattern was addressed in all three sets of media, albeit with different lines of argumentation depending on the target audience. While, for example, in Qatari national media, reactions to the allegation of Qatar violating or neglecting the rights of LGBTQ people are connected to an emphasis on a different, ‘conservative’ or ‘Islamic’ value system, Al-Jazeera Arabic and English presented their arguments in a more sophisticated manner and highlighted the double standards used by the West by including references to a neo-liberal world order and the remnants of a colonial past that continue to shape the West’s policies.
When the Steel City paused: Pittsburgh’s metal scene confronts COVID-19
Authors: Banchs Edward
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the COVID-19 pandemic in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and how the city’s metal scene confronted the struggle without live music. As fans and bands were forced to stay at home, how was the local music industry affected? This article addresses the toll the silence had on a scene that thrived under the rubrics of personal and social bonds, as well as an industry that relied on live spaces and performances. Further, this article examines the benefits of live-streaming concerts and asks if there is a future for a metal scene that simultaneously exists in both live spaces and virtually.
Utility of Radiographic Parameter in Assessing Bone Density and Subsequent Fractures in Patients With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Dong Mei , Zhang Jiali , Miao Dechao , Wang Feng , Tong Tong , Wang Linfeng
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate the ability of radiological parameter canal bone ratio (CBR) to assess bone mineral density and to differentiate between patients with primary and multiple osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on OVCF patients treated at our hospital. CBR was measured through full-spine x-rays. Patients were categorized into primary and multiple fracture groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) calculation were used to assess the ability of parameters to predict osteoporosis and multiple fractures. Predictors of T values were analyzed by multiple linear regression, and independent risk factors for multiple fractures were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: CBR showed a moderate negative correlation with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry T values (r = -0.642, p < 0.01). Higher CBR (odds ratio [OR], -6.483; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.234 to -4.732; p < 0.01) and lower body mass index (OR, 0.054; 95% CI, 0.023–0.086; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Patients with multiple fractures had lower T values (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: -3.76 ± 0.73 vs. -2.83 ± 0.75, p < 0.01) and higher CBR (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 0.07 vs. 0.46 ± 0.06, p < 0.01). CBR had an AUC of 0.819 in predicting multiple fractures with a threshold of 0.53. T values prediction had an AUC of 0.816 with a threshold of -3.45. CBR > 0.53 was an independent risk factor for multiple fractures (OR, 14.66; 95% CI, 4.97–43.22; p < 0.01).Conclusion: CBR is negatively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) and can be a novel opportunistic BMD assessment method. It is a simple and effective measurement index for predicting multiple fractures, with predictive performance not inferior to T values.
Intraoperative Management of Iatrogenic Durotomy in Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trathitephun Warayos , Asawasaksakul Akarawit , Jaruwanneechai Khananut , Pakdeenit Boonserm , Suebsing Abhirat , Liu Yanting , Kim Jin-Sung , Suvithayasiri Siravich
Published: September 2024

This review aims to systematically evaluate the incidence, management strategies, and clinical outcomes of iatrogenic durotomy (ID) in endoscopic spine surgery and to propose a management flowchart based on the tear size and associated complications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on studies involving endoscopic spinal procedures and incidental durotomy. The selected studies were analyzed for management techniques and outcomes, particularly in relation to the size of the dural tear and the presence of nerve root herniation. Based on these findings, a flowchart for intraoperative management was developed. A total of 14 studies were included, encompassing 68,546 patients. Varying incidences of ID, with management strategies largely dependent on the size of the dural tear, were found. Small tears (less than 5 mm) were often left untreated or managed with absorbable hemostatic agents, while medium (5–10 mm) and large tears (greater than 10 mm) required more complex approaches like endoscopic patch repair or open surgery. The presence of nerve root herniation necessitated immediate action, often influencing the decision to convert to open repair. Effective management of ID in endoscopic spine surgery requires a nuanced approach tailored to the size of the tear and specific intraoperative challenges, such as nerve root herniation. The proposed flowchart offers a structured approach to these complexities, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing complication rates. Future research with more rigorous methodologies is necessary to refine these management strategies further and broaden the applications of endoscopic spine surgery.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Posterior-Only Transforaminal Debridement and Interbody Fusion With Preservation of Posterior Ligamentous Complex Versus Conventional Posterior-Only Debridement and Interbody Fusion for Thoracic Spine Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial - A Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Xiao Shuntian , Zeng Guohui , Zhang Hongqi , Alonge Emmanuel , Yang Zhuocheng
Published: September 2024

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management for patients with thoracic spinal tuberculous spondylitis (STB) by using posterior-only transforaminal debridement and interbody fusion (PTDIF) with preservation of posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) and noninferior of PTDIF compared with conventional posterior-only debridement and interbody fusion (CPDIF).Methods: From January 2019 to January 2022, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in which patients with thoracic STB were enrolled and assigned to undergo either the PTDIF group (group A) or CPDIF group (group B) in a 1:1 ratio. The clinical efficacy was evaluated on average operation time, blood loss, hospitalization durations, visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index scores, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-Reactive protein (CRP), and neurological function recovery using the American Spinal Injury Association’s impairment scale and operative complications. Radiological measurements included kyphosis correction, loss of correction. The outcomes were compared between the groups at preoperation, postoperaion, and final follow-up.Results: All 65 patients were completely cured during the follow-up. The intraoperative blood loss and operation time in group B were more than that in group A. All patients were pain-free at the final follow-up visit. ESR, CRP returned to normal limits in all patients 3 months after surgery. All patients had improved neurological signs. No significant difference was found in kyphosis angle correction, loss of correction between the 2 groups.Conclusion: PTDIF, with preservation of PLC, achieved debridement, decompression, and reconstruction of the spine’s stability, similar to CPDIF in the surgical treatment of thoracic STB. PTDIF has less surgical trauma with less intraoperative blood loss and operation time.