bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention and Learning Disabilities
Authors: Løhre Audhild
Published: November 2021

Impaired attention is known as a pervasive behaviour disturbance, with a negative influence on learning processes. Attention deficit is one of the main symptoms of Attention Deficits Hyperactive Disorder, ADHD. Further, impaired attention is often part of learning disorders in dyslexia and dyscalculia as well as in students with no medical diagnoses. In schools and higher education knowledge on attention and challenges caused by impaired attention, is typically scarce. Hence, this chapter aims to inform educational institutions by applying Mirsky’s model of attention, discuss challenges of impaired attention, and point to intervention effects. The positive effects of real-life interventions comprising target shooting practice are explained by immediate neurofeedback combined with individual adaption and caring. Moreover, as previously hypothesised, the sequential order of behaviour at the shooting range may benefit students with impaired attention. The term concentration is frequently used in Norwegian schools and counselling services. A definition of concentration in natural situations is suggested, and possible overlaps between concentration and attention are discussed. The chapter opens for empirical and theoretical questions and hopes for more research on target shooting practice as well as on other educational programmes applying neurofeedback in the school context to investigate attention.
Treatment Approaches for Word Retrieval Deficits in Persons with Aphasia: Recent Advances
Authors: Puttanna Deepak , Swamy Akshaya , Puri Goswami Sathyapal , Budiguppe Panchakshari Abhishek
Published: November 2021

Word retrieval deficit is found to be one of the most persistent symptoms reported among the constellation of symptoms exhibited by persons with aphasia (PWAs). This deficit restraints the persons with aphasia to perform with ease across day-to-day conversations. As a consequence, PWAs fail to communicate their desired ideas or thoughts. Word retrieval is an intricate process as it entails various levels of processing. In addition, word retrieval breakdown can occur at multiple levels (semantic level or lexical-semantic level, or phonological level). Thus, there is a need for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to treat this deficit through effective treatment approaches. In recent decades, semantic feature analysis, verb network strengthening treatment, and phonological component analysis have received greater focus and importance in treating word retrieval deficits. Many studies confirmed that the use of these treatment approaches on PWAs possesses a pivotal role in remediating word retrieval deficits.
Principles of Irrigation Management for Vegetables
Authors: Ors Selda , Sahin Ustun , Ekinci Melek , Turan Metin , Yildirim Ertan
Published: November 2021

Vegetables have a very high percentage of water content. Some of the vegetables, such as cucumber, tomato, lettuce, zucchini, and celery contain over ninety-five percent of water. As a result of the high-water content in the cells, they are extremely vulnerable plants to water stress and drought conditions. Their yield and quality are affected rapidly when subjected to drought. Therefore, irrigation is essential to the production of most vegetables in order to have an adequate yield with high quality. However, over-irrigating can inhibit germination and root development, decrease the vegetable quality and post-harvest life of the crop. Determination of suitable irrigation systems and scheduling to apply proper amount of water at the correct time is crucial for achieving the optimum benefits from irrigation. This determination requires understanding of the water demand of the vegetable, soil characteristics, and climate factors. All these factors have major impact for the success and sustainability of any vegetable irrigation. This section contains fundamentals of water requirements on different vegetables and summarizes important issues related to soil, water, and vegetable growth relations together with irrigation management concept by evaluating the challenging issues on the selection of proper irrigation system, suitable irrigation timing, and other parameters to increase vegetable yield in an irrigated agriculture.
Barriers of Implementing Evidence-based Practice Perceived by Iranian Speech and Language Pathologists: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tohidast Seyed Abolfazl , Ghelichi Leila , Kamali Mohammad , Ebadi Abbas , Shafaroodi Narges , Amiri Shavaki Younes , Mansuri Banafshe , Azimi Hadi
Published: November 2021

Background: Identifying and removing the barriers faced by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) for implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) can facilitate its administration among Iranian SLPs. Objectives: The present study was conducted to explore the barriers to implementing EBP among Iranian SLPs. Methods: A total of 14 SLPs were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Data were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis yielded three themes, including individual factors, organizational (workplace) factors, and extra organizational factors, and 13 subthemes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Iranian SLPs are faced with several barriers to using EBP in clinical practice, which may be related to both the SLPs themselves and their surroundings. These barriers should be considered by policymakers, administrators, teachers, and rehabilitation team members to facilitate the implementation of EBP by SLPs.
Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Lesions on the Face Versus the External Ear
Authors: Deinlein Teresa , Blum Andreas , Schulter Günter , Haenssle Holger A. , Braun Ralph , Giuffrida Roberta , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Melanoma of the external ear is a rare condition accounting for 7-20% of all melanomas of the head and neck region. They present classical features of extra-facial melanomas clinically and dermoscopically. In contrast, facial melanomas show peculiar patterns in dermoscopy.

Objectives:  We evaluate whether there are clinical and/or dermoscopic differences in melanocytic lesions located either at the external ear or on the face.

Methods: In this retrospective study we reviewed an image database for clinical and dermoscopic images of melanomas and nevi located either on the face or at the level of the external ear.

Results: 65 patients (37 men; 63.8%) with 65 lesions were included. We found no significant differences in comparing face melanomas with melanomas at the level of the external ear, neither clinically nor dermoscopically. However, we provided evidence for differences in some clinical and dermoscopic features of melanomas and nevi of the external ear.

Conclusions: In this study, we reported no significant differences in comparing melanomas on the face with melanomas of the external ear, both clinically and dermoscopically. Furthermore, we provided data on clinical and dermoscopic differences comparing nevi and melanoma of the external ear.
Variability in the Histopathological Diagnosis of Nonmelanocytic Lesions Excised to Exclude Melanoma
Authors: Katz Ian , Azzi Tony , Lilleyman Alister , O'Brien Blake , Schapiro Brian , Thompson Curtis , Prow Tarl
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The differential diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma include a variety of benign and malignant melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions.

Objectives. We examined the variability between pathologists in diagnosing non-melanocytic lesions.

Methods.  As part of a larger study prospectively examining the diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma in 198 patients at a primary care skin cancer clinic in Newcastle, Australia, we compared diagnosis made by 5 experienced dermatopathologists, of 44 non-melanocytic lesions in 44 patients aged 22-90.

Results. Forty-four lesions (out of 217 in total) were non-melanocytic. Among the 5 pathologists who examined each case there was marked variability in the terminology used to diagnose each case. The most common variability was found between seborrheic keratosis, large cell acanthoma, solar lentigo, and lichenoid keratosis. The diagnosis made by the majority of the pathologists was deemed to be the reference diagnosis.  Versus majority diagnosis, 4% of benign lesions were considered malignant, and 7% of malignant diagnoses were considered as benign.

Conclusions. The different terminology adopted and lack of consensus in the diagnosis of these non-melanocytic lesions in this setting suggests that training AI systems using gold standards may be problematic.  We propose a new management classification scheme called MOLEM (Management of Lesions Excised to exclude Melanoma) which expands the previously described MPATH-dx to include non-melanocytic lesions.
Fazer teatro sem fazer teatro: Telatralidades e performavirtualidades como rota em tempos pandêmicos
Authors: Paula Júlia Camargos de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo objetiva compartilhar experiências artístico-pedagógicas vivenciadas no curso técnico em teatro do Centro Interescolar de Cultura, Arte, Linguagens e Tecnologias (Cicalt) realizadas durante o Regime Especial de Atividades Não Presenciais (REANP) instaurado pela Secretaria de Educação de Minas Gerais (SEE-MG) como medida protetiva durante a pandemia da Covid-19. As experiências relatadas pautaram-se na noção de performatividade explorada em experimentos cênicos virtuais, gerando telatralidades e performavirtualidades. Refletiu-se sobre a continuidade do ensino e do fazer teatral no contexto pandêmico a partir da construção de antiestruturas que apontam rotas alternativas para as práticas artísticas e educativas.
Cardioprotector effect of Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in experimental model for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Freitas Gilson Nogueira , Silva Cristina de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a 21st century pandemic and is often associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this integrative review was to analyze the cardioprotective effects of phosdodiesterase-5 (PDE5i) inhibitors in experimental diabetes models. The articles were selected from the PubMed, SciElo and LILACS databases from 2014 to 2019. The following descriptors were used in combination with the Boolean operators: Diabetes mellitus experimental AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; Diabetic cardiomyopathies AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. An initial sample of 155 articles was obtained, of which six met the criteria for the synthesis of the review. The studies analyzed showed that treatment with PDE5i in experimental models, resulted in positive effects on cardiac function and metabolic parameters. Similar results have also been seen in humans. The reduction in cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and the modulation of transcription factors involved in diabetes homeostasis, were prevalent among studies. The mechanisms of action involved in cardioprotection have not yet been fully elucidated, however the restoration of the activated cyclic guanosine monofate (cGMP) pathway by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) via nitric oxide (NO) was a common mechanism among the studies.
Business innovation and critical success factors in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times
Authors:   Ph.D., CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School and Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Urbanización Los Álamos de Monterrico, Jirón Daniel Alomía Robles 125, Santiago de Surco 15023, Lima, Peru, e-mail: aflorekpaszkowska@pucp.edu.pe, Florek-Paszkowska Anna , Ujwary-Gil Anna ,   Ph.D., Hab. Professor of Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Process and Network Analysis, Nowy Swiat 72, 00-330 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: ujwary@inepan.waw.pl, Godlewska-Dzioboń Bianka ,   Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: godlewsb@uek.krakow.pl
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: Explore what entrepreneurship and success factors can help drive business to resilience and stability and achieve competitive advantage through innovation in different countries and business realities in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times. METHODOLOGY: Based on the narrative literature review, we present research findings concerning new strategies and outlooks for business innovation in times of many unknowns. Each organization wants to find its way to gain success and create its unique business model, which can capture value creation and innovativeness and be more adaptive, resilient, and stable in critical moments and sustainable over time. FINDINGS: The articles presented in this issue explore the essential factors of business innovation and success in different organizations and the environments in which these businesses function. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This article synthesizes the presented research field’s importance and relevance, connecting its theoretical background with practical research. Recommendations and implications for future trends of this research stream might also be helpful for professionals and academicians. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The novel studies presented in this issue were done in five different (developing and developed) countries and business sectors that present human-based and non-human-based factors as crucial factors needed to empower business transformation in a complex world. Each group of elements is essential in business success, and their components are interdependent. We need to look at the interactions and interdependencies of their components in a dynamic and network form and cannot simplify the reality, focusing only on one group of business components and ignoring the other. These unique studies provide a valuable outlook to establish dynamic, adaptive business pathways towards a sustainable and resilient organizational future and propose future research paths needed to execute structural changes in businesses.
Protocol for a Scoping Review of Research Practices in the Investigation of Bilingual Effects on Inhibition and Attentional Function in Young People
Authors: Privitera Adam John
Published: November 2021

Background: While there is evidence in support of a bilingual advantage in executive function in children and adults, little work supports these effects in young people. This lack of support may result as consequence of a developmental ceiling effect on task performance in this age group. An alternative explanation can be found in the treatment of bilingualism as a categorical variable, and the use of exclusively fixed-effects methods of analysis. These methods treat bilinguals as a homogenous group, ignoring nontrivial differences between participants, and may contribute to this lack of evidence. This scoping review aims is to identify and summarize research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in inhibition and attentional function in young people.

Methods: The proposed scoping review will follow the five-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Searches will be conducted across five databases using inclusive search strings. Study selection will follow the guidance of the PRISMA-ScR checklist. This review will include both published and unpublished work. A standardized data extraction spreadsheet will be used and data will be presented in tabular and graphic format in alignment with the objectives of the review.

Discussion: This review aims to provide a current understanding of research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in young people as well as identify gaps in the literature. This review may also draw attention to methodological trends in the current literature that limit the conclusions researchers can draw.
Returning to the roots: resolution, reproducibility, and robusticity in the phylogenetic inference of Dissorophidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli)
Authors: Gee Bryan M.
Published: November 2021

The phylogenetic relationships of most Paleozoic tetrapod clades remain poorly resolved, which is variably attributed to a lack of study, the limitations of inference from phenotypic data, and constant revision of best practices. While refinement of phylogenetic methods continues to be important, any phylogenetic analysis is inherently constrained by the underlying dataset that it analyzes. Therefore, it becomes equally important to assess the accuracy of these datasets, especially when a select few are repeatedly propagated. While repeat analyses of these datasets may appear to constitute a working consensus, they are not in fact independent, and it becomes especially important to evaluate the accuracy of these datasets in order to assess whether a seeming consensus is robust. Here I address the phylogeny of the Dissorophidae, a speciose clade of Paleozoic temnospondyls. This group is an ideal case study among temnospondyls for exploring phylogenetic methods and datasets because it has been extensively studied (eight phylogenetic studies to date) but with most (six studies) using a single matrix that has been propagated with very little modification. In spite of the conserved nature of the matrix, dissorophid studies have produced anything but a conserved topology. Therefore, I analyzed an independently designed matrix, which recovered less resolution and some disparate nodes compared to previous studies. In order to reconcile these differences, I carefully examined previous matrices and analyses. While some differences are a matter of personal preference (e.g., analytical software), others relate to discrepancies with respect to what are currently considered as best practices. The most concerning discovery was the identification of pervasive dubious scorings that extend back to the origins of the widely propagated matrix. These include scores for skeletal features that are entirely unknown in a given taxon (e.g., postcrania inCacops woehri) and characters for which there appear to be unstated working assumptions to scoring that are incompatible with the character definitions (e.g., scoring of taxa with incomplete skulls for characters based on skull length). Correction of these scores and other pervasive errors recovered a distinctly less resolved topology than previous studies, more in agreement with my own matrix. This suggests that previous analyses may have been compromised, and that the only real consensus of dissorophid phylogeny is the lack of one.
Test-retest Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change of 2-Minute Walk Test among Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: ChaudHary Shefally , Suhail Ammar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) is a simple, practical, and less time consuming test. Patients do not get fatigued while performing this test as a part of routine physical examination. 2MWT shows an excellent correlation with other walk tests and can be used as an alternative test in patients with multiple co- morbidities. The reliability of a test is a must for its recommendation to be used in clinics as well as research. Measurement properties have been reported in different populations for 2MWT. However, no data exist for 2MWT in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA). Aim: To establish the test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) scores for the 2MWT in patients with bilateral KOA. Materials and Methods: A prospective test-retest research study designed to assess the reliability of 2MWT. Eighty-two patients with KOA (27 males and 55 females) were included in the study. Health status was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and WOMAC were assessed on two consecutive days. Participants performed 2MWT on two different occasions with 48 hours difference in between. Both sessions were conducted for 45 minutes each on a 30 meter walking pathway. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: 2MWT showed an excellent test-retest reliability. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for 2MWT were 0.98. Test-retest reliability assessed by two trials of 2MWT showed 1st trial mean±SD of 154.33±19.59 m and 2nd trial mean±SD of 156.69±19.68 m. Mean difference±SD between both trials was 2.36±2.74, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change at 95% confidence level (MDC95) for 2MWT were 2.76 and 5.52 meters, respectively. Conclusion: The study recommends that 2MWT can be used as a test for assessing walking capacity among patients with KOA. A change of more than 5.52 meters can be considered as change-free of error. It can be used as an alternative to 6MWT in patients with KOA who cannot tolerate a higher duration/intensity walk test.
Formulation and Sensory Analysis of Cocktails Based on Ginger Oleoresin (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Pineapple Juice (Ananas comosus L. MERR) and Bissap Concentrate (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Authors: Coulibaly Adama , Ezoua Pierre , Konan Ysidor N’guessan , Doukoure Souleymane , Sidibe Daouda , Biego Godi Henri Marius
Published: November 2021

Aims: The aim of this study is to formulate cocktails based on ginger oleoresin, pineapple juice and bissap concentrate in order to contribute to the development of these agricultural products and improve the income of producers.

Study Design: The biological material consists of pineapple juice, ginger oleoresin and bissap concentrate. The oleoresin and the bissap concentrate were supplied respectively by Gazignaire (France) and the Water Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory.

Place and Duration of Study: The cocktails were formulated and then subjected to sensory analyzes, from July to October 2018, at the Biochemistry and Food Sciences laboratory at Félix Houphouët-Boigny University.

Methodology: The cocktails were formulated through a composite central plan having as variables the proportions of the pineapple juice, the bissap concentrate and the ethanol composing the cocktail. Thus 15 cocktail formulations were developed, the sensory characteristics of which were estimated.

Results: Hedonic analysis of the formulations indicates acceptance of 12 of them by more than 50% of tasters.In addition, 5 formulations F4; F6; F12; F13 and F15 are preferred in proportions varying between 62% and 77%.The descriptive analysis of these 5 formulations indicates that only the pineapple flavor makes it possible to distinguish them and the F13 formulation is less provided with them.However, these formulations according to their flavor, aroma and texture are classified into 3 groups according to a principal component analysis.Which could offer consumers more choice.

Conclusion: Commercial production of these cocktails could improve the availability of ginger, bissap and pineapple year-round and help improve the income of producers.
Histopathological Changes on Testes, Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues in Acute Boric Acid Administration
Authors: Ayranci Dursun Figen Emeksiz , Ozelmas Unal , Ayranci Unal
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In recent years as a result of the observation that the toxic effects of boron and its products have increased intensive studies have been initiated in our country and in the world regarding its effects, especially in the central nervous system, digestive system and reproductive system. The aim was to determine the histopathological changes caused by boric acid in rat testis, liver, kidney and brain tissues by light microscopy after oral administration of toxic dose of acute boric acid.

Material and Methods: In the study, 1000 mg/kg/day boric acid was given orally for 7 days to 12-week-old 30 male albino SpragueDawley rats in total with an average weight of 285 g. Twelve male albino Sprague-Dawley rats of approximately the same weight and age were used as controls. At the end of the seventh day testes, liver, kidney and brain tissues were isolated from the animals.

Results: At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the experimental group had significant body weight loss compared to the control group. Likewise, testicular, liver and kidney weights of the experimental group were decreased compared to the controls. In the histopathological examination performed with light microscopy in the testis, liver, kidney and brain tissues taken, congestion in the vascular bed of the testicular tissue and cellular degeneration at different rates were observed in paraffin sections and semi-thin sections.

Conclusion: It was observed that acute boric acid administration, together with its widespread toxic effect, caused histopathological changes by inhibiting spermatogenesis, especially in testicular tissue.
An Evaluation on Use of Stress Ball Exercise on Stress Management among Student Population – A Cross Section Study
Authors: Srivarsan R. , Sridevi G. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Stress ball is a new favourite gadget people like to use to fight stress, reduce tension. But there are not many scientific reports on the benefits of stress ball exercises.

Objective: the present study aimed to investigate the level of stress among student population and the effectiveness of the use of stress ball exercises among student population.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through a convenience sampling method. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyze the data.

Results: Males are more stressed than female in college environment and after stress ball exercise students feels reduced irritability and nervousness thus using stress ball exercise during stress management is more significant.

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Majority of the student population were stressed due to academic reasons and respondents feel that stress ball users showed a satisfactory recovery from their stress.
Putative Role of Monoaminergic Systems in Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Naringin in Mice: An Interaction Study with Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Anyanwu G. E. , Atuadu V. O. , Ben-Azu B. , Esom E. A. , Nto J. N. , Katchy A. U.
Published: November 2021

Aim: Stress-related disorders like depression and anxiety represent one of the greatest therapeutic challenges globally. Although previous studies have revealed the antidepressant-like potentials of naringin, the neurotransmitter receptor interaction mechanisms of action have not been studied, hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the role of neurotransmitter-receptor antagonists in the antidepressant-like effects of naringin in mice.

Method: Male Swiss mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) apart from mice in the control group. The mice were then pretreated with different neurotransmitter antagonists; metergoline (4 mg /kg i.p.), a 5-HT1 - and 5-HT2 -receptor antagonist; propranolol; (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), β1,2-noradrenoceptor antagonist or haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), D 2 -dopaminergic receptor antagonists prior to the administration of naringin or vehicle (10 mL/kg). The antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects of naringin were evaluated 30 min later using the tail suspension test (TST), open-field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests paradigms.

Results: Administration of naringin following CUMS significantly decrease immobility time and locomotion activity in TST and OFT respectively, relative to control while increasing preference to sucrose in SPT, open arm entries as well as time spent in open arm in EPM, relative to control suggesting antidepressant-like property. Pretreatment with metergoline, propranolol, and haloperidol following CUMS increased immobility time in TST, locomotor activity in OFT and IOAA in the EPM. Reduced preference for sucrose in SPT, open arm entry and duration in EPM relative to control (p < 0.05), however, these effects were attenuated by naringin.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like activity exhibited by naringin might be mediated via interactions with 5-HTergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic receptors, while the anxiolytic effect might involve interaction with both 5-HTergic and noradrenergic receptors.
Long-term use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in pediatric patients with a focus on appropriate deprescribing
Authors: Stutzman Danielle L.
Published: November 2021

It is estimated that 8% to 12% of youth are prescribed psychotropic medications. Those in foster care, juvenile justice systems, residential treatment facilities, and with developmental or intellectual disabilities are more likely to be prescribed high-risk regimens. The use of psychotropic medications in this age group is often off-label and can be associated with significant risk, warranting critical evaluation of their role. Landmark trials, pediatric-specific guidelines, and state-driven initiatives play critical roles in supporting evidence-based use of psychotropic medications in children. Overall, there is a lack of literature describing the long-term use of psychotropic medications in youth—particularly with regard to neurobiological, physical, and social changes that occur throughout development. Deprescribing is an important practice in child and adolescent psychiatry, given concerns for over-prescribing, inappropriate polytherapy, and the importance of reevaluating the role of psychotropic medications as children develop.
Managing acute agitation and aggression in the world of drug shortages
Authors: Miller Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Acute agitation and aggression create safety risks for both patients and staff, often leading to psychiatric emergencies. Quick and appropriate treatment is necessary to achieve safe and effective outcomes. Unfortunately, there are several factors that hinder timely interventions, such as medication shortages and delay in staff preparedness. Ultimately, the goal of managing acute agitation and aggression in the clinical setting is to de-escalate the situation and prevent harm to patients and staff. This article will explore useful interventions in realizing treatment goals for the management of agitation and aggression in adults while navigating limitations faced in practice.
Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Clarke Sarah L. N. , Mitchell Ruth E. , Sharp Gemma C. , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Relton Caroline L.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Observational studies report mixed findings regarding the association between vitamin D and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) incidence or activity; however, such studies are susceptible to considerable bias. Because low vitamin D levels are common within the general population and easily corrected, there is potential public health benefit in identifying a causal association between vitamin D insufficiency and JIA incidence. To limit bias due to confounding and reverse causation, we examined the causal effect of the major circulating form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25‐[OH]D), on JIA incidence using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

In this 2‐sample MR analysis, we used summary level data from the largest and most recent genome‐wide association study of 25‐(OH)D levels (sample size 443,734), alongside summary data from 2 JIA genetic studies (sample sizes 15,872 and 12,501), all from European populations. To test and account for potential bias due to pleiotropy, we employed multiple MR methods and sensitivity analyses.

Results

We found no evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted 25‐(OH)D levels and JIA incidence (odds ratio 1.00 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.76, 1.33] per SD increase in standardized natural‐log transformed 25‐[OH]D levels). This estimate was consistent across all methods tested. Additionally, there was no evidence that genetically predicted JIA causally influences 25‐(OH)D levels (−0.002 SD change in standardized natural‐log transformed 25‐[OH]D levels per doubling odds in genetically predicted JIA [95% CI −0.006, 0.002]).

Conclusion

Given the lack of a causal relationship between 25‐(OH)D levels and JIA, population level vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to reduce JIA incidence.
Functionalization of Oxide‐Free Silicon Surfaces for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Henriksson Anders , Neubauer Peter , Birkholz Mario
Published: November 2021

As an alternative to standard silicon biofunctionalization protocol based on alkoxysilanes that bind to SiO2 on oxidized silicon substrates, several protocols to form bifunctional interlayers that directly bind to the silicon surface via a strong SiC bond have been developed during the last decades. These interlayers are more stable, and the lack of an insulating layer between the substrate and the interlayer reduces electric noise in biosensor devices. SiC monolayers are not yet regularly applied as the protocols are more complex and generally require an inert gas atmosphere. However, a variety of applications and new methods to form bifunctional SiC interlayers are recently developed. Here, the role these innovative protocols and interlayers play in biofunctionalization of silicon surfaces is reviewed and their applications in electrochemical, microelectromechanical, and optical biosensing are reported. From the analysis of the current situation, it can be concluded that the advantageous properties offered with this approach in many cases more than outweigh the additional processes to form SiC bonded interlayers and the approach is predicted to expand the applications of future silicon‐based biosensors.
First‐Principles Study of 3d Transition Metal Atoms Doped Ni13 Cluster as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Wei , Xi Menghui , Guo Yongliang , He Chaozheng , Fu Ling
Published: November 2021

Ammonia (NH3), the source compound of all nitrogen‐containing chemicals, is not only an important energy storage intermediate and potential energy carrier, but also an essential nitrogen source in fertilizer production. Therefore, it is very essential for agriculture and food production. In recent years, electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis can be carried out under ambient condition, and clean electric energy can be used to activate nitrogen molecule, which is a technical route with great potential, so it is considered as a promising method. The key problem of electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis is to design electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and selectivity. Herein, a series of 3d transition metal (TM = Sc−Zn) atoms doped Ni13 cluster as electrocatalysts for NH3 synthesis using density functional theory are designed, and the effects of different TM atoms and active centers on the catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic NH3 are explored. The results screen out that Ni12V cluster has the best catalytic effect, and the introduction of charges can further reduce the free energy barrier of the nitrogen reduction reaction and effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Investigations on the optical properties and X‐ray emission in compact radio active galactic nuclei
Authors: Liao Mai , Gu Minfeng
Published: November 2021

Compact radio active galactic nuclei (compact radio AGN) are compact (≤20 kpc), powerful radio sources. Currently, the preferred scenario is that they are at the early stage of AGN evolution. At present, the research of compact radio AGN mainly focuses on the radio band; other bands have not been extensively studied. We present the systemic optical properties and X‐ray emission studies for compact radio AGN, to investigate the accretion properties, AGN evolution, and their X‐ray origin. We find that compact radio AGN has various accretion modes indicated by the accretion rate analysis. In the radio power‐linear size diagram, they generally follow the evolutionary trend toward large‐scale radio galaxies with increasing linear size and decreasing accretion rate. Their hard X‐ray emission may be from jet based on the radio/X‐ray relation and fundamental plane of black hole activity.
Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Fauth Henriette , Ay‐Bryson Destina S. , Visser Leonie N. C. , Weck Florian
Published: November 2021

Background

Communicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.

Methods

Patients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.

Results

Regardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001,  = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014,  = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013,  = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001,  = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001,  = 0.14) from pre‐ to post‐video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06).

Conclusions

The results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.
Treating harm avoidance, incompleteness, and disgust in OCD
Authors: Milgram Lauren , Freeman Jennifer , Benito Kristen
Published: November 2021

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous mental health condition that encompasses a wide range of topographical symptoms. OCD is defined not by one specific set of symptoms, but broadly by the presence of obsessions (intrusive or unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive or ritualized behaviors; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The hallmark of OCD is not the content of the obsessions, nor the appearance of the compulsions, but rather the functional links between the two.
A novel isosteviol‐based bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst for enantioselective Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Liu Zhijing , Wang Chuanchuan , Chen Xiaopei , Tao Jingchao , Lv Quanjian
Published: November 2021

Chiral amine‐squaramide is a kind of effective hydrogen bond donor bifunctional catalyst to promote many asymmetric transformations. In this paper, novel chiral tertiary amine‐squaramide derived from the natural product of the stevioside was developed and applied into the asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins. This asymmetric reaction performed well, and a series of enantiomerically enriched compounds were obtained in high yields (up to 96%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Optical Temperature‐Sensing Performance of Nd3+:MF2 (M=Ba, Ca, Sr) Crystalline Powders Prepared by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Maciel Glauco S. , Bartra Whualkuer Lozano , Xing Yutao , Rakov Nikifor
Published: November 2021

There is a large interest in luminescent materials for application as temperature sensors. In this scenario, we investigate the performance of neodymium‐doped alkaline‐earth fluoride (Nd3+:MF2; M=Ba, Ca, Sr) crystalline powders prepared by combustion synthesis for optical temperature‐sensing applications based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique. We observe that the near‐infrared luminescence spectral profile of Nd3+ changes with the temperature in a way that its behavior is suitable for optical thermometry operation within the first biological window. We also observe that the thermometric sensitivities of all studied samples change depending on the spectral integration range used in the LIR analysis. Nd3+:CaF2 presents the largest sensitivity values, with a maximum absolute sensitivity of 6.5×10−3/K at 824 K and a relative sensitivity of 1.71 %/K at human‐body temperature (310 K). The performance of CaF2 for optical thermometry is superior to that of β‐NaYF4, a standard material commonly used for optical bioimaging and temperature sensing, and on par with the most efficient oxide nanostructured materials. The use of thermometry data to help understand structural properties via Judd‐Ofelt intensity standard parameters is also discussed.
Optimization of the Refining Process for Removing Benzo(a)pyrene and Improving the Quality of Tea Seed Oil
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Zhang Zhenfang , Shen Mengyu , Wu Yinyin , He Xudong , Liang Li , Zhang Jixian , Xu Xin , Liu Guoyan
Published: November 2021

To reduce the contamination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in refined oil during processing, the degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization processes are optimized to remove BaP and improve the quality of tea seed oil. The results show that decolorization is the most obvious refining process of removing BaP, which is mainly due to the addition of activated carbon and decolorization time. In addition, to ensure the quality of refined tea seed oil and remove BaP, the deodorization temperature and time should be strictly controlled. Comparing with crude oil, the removal rates of BaP in the optimized processes of degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization reached 16.26%, 18.36%, 92.76%, and 91.08%, respectively. The optimized refining processes can significantly decrease the level of BaP from 9.53 ± 0.02 µg kg−1 in crude tea seed oil to 0.85 ± 0.10 µg kg−1 in refined tea seed oil, and the other physicochemical indexes are in line with the international standard for refined oil. This study can provide useful guidance for the safe processing of refined tea seed oil.

Practical Applications: BaP is an internationally recognized carcinogen. In view of the current situation of commercial edible oil being contaminated by BaP, it is particularly important to control the level of BaP in the refining process. To remove BaP while improving the quality of oil, the processes of degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization of tea seed oil were optimized, and the best refining processes were determined. The results have important practical significance, which could help to reduce the level of BaP and provide a useful reference for the safe production of refined tea seed oil.
Der äquivalente Quarzgehalt – Historischer Rückblick und seine Zukunft in der Anwendung der Abrasivitätsprognose
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Latal Christine
Published: November 2021

Die Beurteilung der Schleiffestigkeit von Mineralen und deren Einfluss auf den Verschleiß von Werkzeugen ist ein wichtiger Aspekt in der Ingenieurgeologie und Felsmechanik. Fragestellungen im Hinblick auf die Gebirgslösung und die zu erwartenden Verschleißparameter spielen hier eine entscheidende Rolle. Über die Jahrzehnte hinweg entwickelten sich verschiedene Prüfverfahren, um die Härteeigenschaften und die Abrasivität von Mineralen bzw. Gesteinen zu beurteilen. Diese umfassen direkte Tests an hergestellten Gesteinsprüfkörpern (Cerchar‐Versuch), Härteprüfungen, aber auch anhand mineralogisch‐petrografischer Daten abgeleitete Parameter, wie den äquivalenten Quarzgehalt FÄQu. Die heute verbreiteten Werte zur Ermittlung des FÄQu, benannt nach dem Pionier auf dem Gebiet der Schleifbarkeitsprüfung August Rosiwal (1860–1923), existieren seit über 100 Jahren. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Verfahren des FÄQu unter Berücksichtigung der Faktoren verschiedener Autoren sowie Korrelationen mit anderen Härteprüfparametern. Anhand von Labordaten werden die FÄQu nach den verschiedenen Quellen berechnet und verglichen. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, wie der FÄQu mit dem heute weit verbreiteten Cerchar‐Versuch anhand von Cerchar‐Abrasivitäts‐Index‐(CAI)‐Werten einiger Referenzminerale direkt in Beziehung gesetzt werden kann. Der FÄQu kann Gefügeeinflüsse nicht erfassen, aber Quarz als gemeinsame Referenz beim Cerchar‐Versuch und der FÄQu bieten die Möglichkeit, die beiden Kennwerte direkt miteinander zu verknüpfen.
Use of plastic geocellular modules as a replacement gravel layer for natural turf rootzones
Authors: Young Thomas , Mann Ruth , Spring Christian
Published: November 2021

A trial was conducted to assess the suitability of a novel plastic geocellular drainage layer (Permavoid) as a replacement for a conventional gravel layer in a high‐quality sports pitch. The trial was conducted during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 United Kingdom football (soccer) seasons. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown under five different rootzone depth treatments (50, 100, 200, and 300 mm over Permavoid and 300 mm over gravel as a control representing current practices). These were repeated for two contrasting rootzone types. The trial area was subjected to artificial football‐style wear throughout each playing season, with irrigation and nutritional inputs as would be normal for a high‐quality football pitch. Infiltration rates, rootzone moisture content, turf cover and tractional strength for the 200‐ to 300‐mm rootzone over Permavoid and 300 mm over gravel were the same throughout the trial. The replacement of the gravel drainage layer with Permavoid had no negative effect on the rootzone's hydraulic characteristics or turfgrass growth over the 2‐yr study period. In addition, it may be possible to use shallower rootzone depths in some circumstances, reducing the volume of material needed for construction. Shallower rootzones (50–100 mm) experienced greater fluctuations in rootzone moisture content, which was likely to be directly related to rootzone depth. Rootzone type had a minor effect, with finer rootzones holding onto more moisture and allowing slightly stronger turf. Therefore, when managing shallower and/or coarser rootzones, maintenance programs need to reflect the moisture and nutrient retention characteristics of these growing media.