bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política de promoción y reconversión industrial
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, del Castillo Jaime , Paton Jonatan ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El artículo hace un repaso de la evolución de la política de promoción industrial desarrollada en el País Vasco, teniendo presente la situación socioeconómica de cada momento, y la forma en que la historia ha condicionado las medidas actuales de política. Para ello, en primer lugar explica el sustrato teórico de este tipo de políticas, pero en el contexto de la economía vasca. En segundo lugar se describen las diferentes etapas de la política industrial: los 80 con la crisis y la reconversión industrial, los 90 con el enfoque de la competitividad y la política de clusters; a partir del 2000 con las estrategias hacia la Gran Transformación, y desde el 2009, con la Gran Recesión y desplegando hacia el futuro la transformación competitiva de Euskadi en el marco de un nuevo Plan. En un tercer capítulo se presenta la evaluación crítica y se señalan las lecciones aprendidas de cara al futuro de la política industrial.
Treinta años de cambios en las empresas vascas: un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Valdaliso Jesús Mª
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar, a partir de un nutrido conjunto de fuentes de información, y de trabajos teóricos y empíricos, las principales transformaciones ocurridas en las empresas vascas durante los últimos treinta años. De manera concreta, el trabajo examina cuatro grandes cambios: el cambio en el tipo de empresa y en la estrategia competitiva (de la gran empresa individual a los clusters de pequeñas y medianas empresas que cooperan y compiten entre sí y a los grupos empresariales); el cambio en los mercados (de empresas que servían un mercado regional-nacional protegido de la competencia exterior a empresas orientadas al exterior e internacionalizadas); el cambio en las tecnologías, productos y soluciones (de empresas dependientes de tecnología importada a empresas intensivas en I+D e innovadoras); y el cambio en las estructuras organizativas y en los sistemas de dirección (la difusión de modelos de planificación, la apuesta por la calidad y la flexibilidad y el empleo generalizado de las TIC).
Pengaruh Teknik Green Marketing terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen pada Produk Ramah Lingkungan dengan Evaluasi Teknik Penetapan Harga Hijau (Green Pricing) sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Arifin Indra Welly , Harahap Hastuti Handayani , Rajagukguk Frederick Rudy Sentosa
Published: February 2025

This research is about the influence of green marketing techniques on consumer loyalty to environmentally friendly products with evaluation of green pricing techniques as a mediating variable. Through data analysis using SMART PLS, this research aims to provide a better understanding of how green marketing can influence consumer loyalty with the help of green pricing as a mediating variable. The first hypothesis is accepted that Green Pricing Techniques (Z) have an effect on Consumer Loyalty (Y). The second hypothesis is accepted that Green Marketing Techniques (X) influence Consumer Loyalty (Y). The third hypothesis is accepted that Green Marketing Techniques (X) influence Green Pricing Techniques (Z). The fourth hypothesis is accepted that Green Marketing Techniques (X) have a significant effect on Consumer Loyalty (Y) through Green Pricing Techniques (Z) as an intervening variable.
Pengaruh E-WOM, Harga Tiket dan Preferensi Wisatawan Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan Pada Pantai Mangrove
Authors: Collyn Daniel , Zalukhu Rika Surianto
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the influence of E-WOM, ticket prices, and tourist preferences on tourists' intention to visit Mangrove Beach, both partially and simultaneously. The research employs a quantitative method, examining variables such as visiting intention as the dependent variable and E-WOM, ticket prices, and tourist preferences as independent variables. The study targeted individuals aged 17 and above who have heard about Mangrove Beach but have never visited the site. A total of 96 respondents were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, with respondents' perceptions measured using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that E-WOM and ticket prices partially have a positive and significant effect on tourists' intention to visit Mangrove Beach. Tourist preferences, however, partially have a positive but insignificant effect on visiting intention. Furthermore, E-WOM, ticket prices, and tourist preferences simultaneously have a significant influence on visiting intention. The direct implication of this study is that Mangrove Beach managers should leverage digital media to enhance E-WOM, such as encouraging positive reviews on online platforms, as E-WOM significantly influences visiting intention.
Smart Vibration Control Systems: The Role of Digital Output in Advancing Two-Degree-of-Freedom Design
Authors: Nishandar Siddhanath , Husainy A. S. N.
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the development of a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) vibration measurement system with digital output, designed for applications in mechanical engineering, structural health monitoring, and industrial processes. The primary objective is to design and implement a system that accurately measures and analyzes vibrations in two degrees of freedom, providing real-time digital insights for further analysis and decision-making. The system consists of a mechanical setup incorporating springs and dampers to simulate 2-DOF vibrations. Sensors are employed to detect vibrational responses, and the acquired data is processed using a microcontroller. The processed information is then displayed digitally, enabling precise monitoring and analysis. The research is conducted in four main phases: designing the mechanical system, integrating the sensors and microcontroller, developing the digital output interface, and testing the final prototype. By leveraging digital signal processing and real-time data acquisition, the proposed system enhances the accuracy and reliability of vibration analysis. The expected outcome is an efficient and user-friendly vibration measurement system capable of improving the understanding and control of vibrational behavior in various environments. This study contributes to the advancement of smart vibration control technologies, offering potential applications in predictive maintenance, structural diagnostics, and industrial automation.
Tobacco use as a risk factor of Non-Communicable Diseases among the migrants of Santal tribe in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha, India
Authors: Pradhan Himanshu Sekhar , Mappillairaju Bagavandas
Published: February 2025

Introduction:Migration and urbanization have a significant impact on the health and lifestyle of tribal populations in India. Risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are increasing and are frequently associated with the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles including tobacco and alcohol consumption, low physical activities and unhealthy dietary choices. Odisha, having a sizable tribal population, demonstrates considerable disparities in tobacco consumption, a known risk factor of NCDs, emphasizing the necessity for area-specific evidence to shape prevention strategies.Objective:To assess the prevalence, patterns, and factors associated with tobacco consumption as a behavioral risk factor for non-communicable diseases among adult Santal tribal migrants (18–69 years) living in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha.Methodology:A cross-sectional survey was performed from September to December 2022, by using adapted World Health Organization's STEPS survey questionnaire on surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. A total of 516 Santal migrant workers were chosen through a multi-stage sampling technique from slums throughout Bhubaneswar. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, chi-square tests examined associations, and logistic regression identified key predictors of tobacco use.Results:The prevalence of tobacco consumption among Santal migrants was 80% (95% CI: 76.3–83.3), higher in males compared to females (86% vs. 71.8%). Males primarily smoked (68.3%), while in both genders smokeless tobacco consumption was common (72.3% in males and 70.4% in females). Tobacco use was significantly associated with marital status, no formal education, and alcohol use. Tobacco use was higher among the age group of 45 to 69 years (88.1%) than among the younger age groups (75.8%).Conclusion:This study has found a very high prevalence of tobacco consumption among the migrants of Santal tribe in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The results highlight the need for focused public health interventions to reduce the risk factor of non-communicable diseases among urban tribal populations.
Analysis of Batik Industry Wastewater Quality Treated with Activated Charcoal from Coconut Fronds
Authors: Sulistiyaningtyas Ayu Rahmawati , Nesa Fitriani Fahria
Published: February 2025

The increasing growth and development of population is directly proportional to the increase in activities carried out by humans. Human clothing and lifestyle needs have increased very rapidly which has had an impact on the development of the textile industry, one of which is the batik industry. Many fans of batik production produce waste water which can pollute the waters around residents. This can have a detrimental impact on the environment because there are organic compounds that can cause environmental pollution. The coconut fronds that are often found are not used optimally. Therefore, researchers used coconut fronds made into charcoal as an adsorbent material for processing batik liquid waste. The research will be carried out for 1 month, from June to July 2023. Analysis of the quality of liquid waste will be carried out at the Baristan Laboratory. This type of research is experimental research. The research design uses 25 ml of batik waste treated with 3 grams of activated charcoal, 3.5 grams. , and 4 grams for 40 minutes. Data analysis uses the Effectiveness Formula. Data shows that activated charcoal is effective in reducing oil and fat in batik liquid waste. The higher the weight of activated charcoal for filtration, the higher the reduction in oil and fat levels. However, this does not apply to the COD and pH parameters. Activated charcoal can reduce COD levels with an average effectiveness of 20.32% mg/L, pH with an average of 12% and fatty oils with an average of 66% mg/L.
Study of Water Pollution Control Law in Sikendil and Selilin Rivers, Semarang Regency
Authors: Hoya Ade Lenty
Published: February 2025

Global environmental monitoring shows that conditions in developing countries are increasingly worrisome. Water pollution is a problem that often occurs. There are 82% of 550 popular rivers in Indonesia that are damaged by pollution. Rivers are synonymous with irrigation sources, household water supplies, industrial needs, and others, so they cause serious hygienic and ecological problems. However, water's current existence is based on environmental disasters, land use, geopolitical conflicts, pollutants, and population growth. This paper aims to determine the efforts to control pollution in dealing with river pollution problems legally and provide recommendations for a River Management Strategy based on experts' opinions in the field of water resources as an alternative to pollution control. The method used is descriptive qualitative to describe efforts to control river pollution and river management strategies. This research is focused on the problems of the Sikendil River and the Selilin River in Klepu Village, Pringapus District, Semarang Regency. The results showed that controlling water pollution by stakeholders requires good coordination and facilitation from related agencies, starting from improving the social, technological, regulatory, and institutional foundation and the ecological foundation of the industry and surrounding communities so that river pollution problems can be resolved. Environmental policies in the form of law enforcement and stakeholder support are needed to improve the environment and oversee the course of environmental problems. The most dominant and most important aspect is social institutions with a value of 0.427, and the most dominant alternative is community participation with a value of 0.546, so that the aspect of social institutions with alternative community participation can be the most prioritized strategy to be applied in cases of legal river pollution.
Intelligent Depression Pattern Identification Using Artificial Intelligence in the Patient Health Records
Authors: Abid Noman
Published: February 2025

Studies show that mental health conditions especially depression create more disability problems worldwide. The traditional ways doctors check for depression depend too heavily on what medical staff ask and what patients say which results in missed or wrong depression findings. Technology tools that simulate human intelligence help us better diagnose mental health problems and detect them earlier by reading large healthcare datasets. This research joins Artificial Intelligence systems with advanced language processing tools to spot depression signs within patient healthcare files. Our research shows that researching unstructured medical data elements like doctor notes and therapy conversations helps find emotional responses. By reading medical records through sentiment analysis and machine learning AI helps doctor’s spot undetected depressive states. This study looks at how AI systems work in mental health care today while discussing the problems and benefits of applying this technology.
Emotion-Aware AI: Harnessing VPSYC, EEG, and Visual Recognition for Mental Health Insights
Authors: Zainab Hira
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence that senses human emotions is changing mental healthcare through advanced technology systems. Our team combines Virtual Psychological Assessments with EEG and visual recognition technologies to improve how mental health information is acquired. When emotion-aware AI systems use multiple approaches, they produce better emotional state insights to help patients get more suitable therapy. These systems connect psychological assessments to physiological signals in new ways that help us better understand our emotions. Emotion-aware AI technology helps us solve mental health problems worldwide by making care more accessible and early detection easier. Through detailed research this paper explains how emotion-aware AI transforms mental healthcare operations and identifies the technology's benefits and potential issues.
Modelo Continuo Anisótropo de Tráfico Urbano: Una Formulación Evolutiva
Authors: Cortínez Víctor H. , Dominguez Patricia N. , Stoklas Cecilia I.
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se presenta un modelo continuo para determinar la distribución de vehículos en una red vehicular urbana bajo condiciones de congestión. La formulación conduce a un sistema evolutivo de ecuaciones diferenciales parciales que puede resolverse convenientemente mediante el método de elementos finitos. Las características del entramado de calles están codificadas en parámetros del sistema similares a las conductividades de una ecuación de difusión. La solución asintótica de tal sistema (para tiempos suficientemente altos) converge a los flujos vehiculares y tiempos de viaje correspondientes al equilibrio de Wardrop. Se presenta la formulación del problema y se estudia la eficiencia del modelo mediante una comparación de resultados con aquellos determinados con el tradicional enfoque discreto detallado.
Estrategia de Control Basada en Modelo para la Producción de Caucho Acrilonitrilo-Butadieno (NBR) de Alto Contenido en Acrilonitrilo con Composición Uniforme
Authors: Sanseverinatti Carlos I. , Clementi Luis A. , Vega Jorge R.
Published: February 2025

El caucho Acrilonitrilo-Butadieno de alto contenido de A (NBR por sus siglas en inglés: nitrile-butadiene rubber) se obtiene generalmente por copolimerización en emulsión de acrilonitrilo (A) y butadieno (B). La producción se realiza operando por encima del “punto azeotrópico”, donde el proceso puede inestabilizarse, dificultando la uniformidad del producto. La limitación para medir en línea la composición del copolímero restringe estrategias de lazo cerrado para estabilizar el proceso. En este trabajo se propone una estrategia de control en lazo cerrado que ajusta la composición del copolímero operando por encima del punto azeotrópico. A partir de un modelo de primeros principios, se implementa un sensor inferencial basado en redes neuronales recurrentes para estimar en línea la composición y cerrar el lazo de control mediante la dosificación de B durante el proceso. Los resultados indican un desempeño aceptable de la metodología de control propuesta, asegurando condiciones estables y una composición uniforme, incluso con errores significativos de modelado.
Differentiated fluvial and environmental responses of trunk and tributary systems to Lateglacial and Holocene climate change
Authors: Woolderink Hessel A.G. , Kasse Cornelis , Van der Woude John D. , Van Balen Ronald T.
Published: February 2025

The geomorphic development of major rivers and smaller tributaries in response to climatic and environmental changes has been studied intensively in the past. However, impacts on confluence regions, with tributaries, have rarely been investigated. We aim to explore the similarities and differences in fluvial development over the last glacial to interglacial transition in the confluence area of the Meuse and the Loobeek in the southern Netherlands. We established five coring transects to investigate the fluvial architecture and sedimentary environments of the systems. Pollen analyses and radiocarbon dating enabled to establish the regional and local vegetation and the palaeogeographic evolution. The fluvial responses of the large Meuse and small Loobeek are strongly different and depend on differences in discharge, sediment supply and vegetation development. The fluvial response to the early Lateglacial warming is rapid in the small tributary and more delayed in the large-scale system. Smaller or shorter climate changes (during the Younger Dryas) are not registered in the channel pattern of the small-scale system. An anastomosing or diffuse drainage pattern and peat formation characterise the brook system during most of the Holocene, in contrast to the meandering Meuse system.
KOMUNIKASI DAN INTERAKSI PEREMPUAN PARUHBAYA DI WARUNG KOPI DALAM PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Oknita  , Kamaruzzaman  , Nidhra Safila
Published: February 2025

Penelitian berjudul “Komunikasi dan Interaksi Perempuan Paruhbaya di Warung Kopi Kota Lhokseumawe” bertujuan memahami interaksi perempuan berusia 40-50 tahun di warung kopi menurut persepsi masyarakat. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, data diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa duduk di warung kopi kini dianggap biasa. Perempuan paruhbaya memilihnya untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan dan berkumpul dengan keluarga, sambil tetap memperhatikan nilai adab dan syariat, seperti cara berpakaian dan waktu yang tepat
Channel Intelligence and Customer Interaction: Leveraging Data Analytics and AI in Modern Banking
Authors: - Praneeth Reddy Amudala Puchakayala
Published: February 2025

The advent of advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence has transformed customer interaction and channel intelligence in modern banking. This paper explores the multi-channel strategies employed by U.S. banks, emphasizing the integration of AI to optimize customer experiences and operational efficiencies. The study highlights the role of real-time data analytics in understanding customer preferences, fostering engagement, and enhancing channel utilization. It also delves into challenges such as data silos, regulatory compliance, and legacy system integration while proposing innovative AI-driven solutions. By leveraging key performance indicators and actionable insights, the paper underscores the strategic significance of channel intelligence in driving loyalty, personalization, and profitability in a competitive banking landscape.
Reinforcement Learning and Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach for Load Balancing and Resource Optimization in Cloud Data Centers
Authors: - Swapnil R. Kadam , - Devaseelan S. , - Amolkumar N. Jadhav
Published: February 2025

This review explores the integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) for load balancing and resource optimization in cloud data centers. The paper examines state-of-the-art approaches, their advantages, challenges, and potential hybrid methodologies combining RL's decision-making capabilities with GA's search optimization strengths. The survey aims to highlight how these techniques improve performance metrics like resource utilization, energy efficiency, and system reliability while addressing scalability and dynamic workload challenges.
A Review Article on Recent Production & Application of Natural Dyes or Biocolours from Microorganisms
Authors: - L. Jayavani , - Dr. Shahin Banu Z
Published: February 2025

This review article discusses the importance of biocolours as natural alternatives to synthetic dyes in industries like food, cosmetics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. Synthetic dyes can cause health issues such as skin irritation, respiratory problems, and even cancer, along with environmental harm. Biocolours, derived from plants, fruits, and microorganisms, are safer and offer health benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The article explores specific microbial pigments produced by various organisms, highlighting their applications in biomedical fields, cosmetics, textiles, and food. It concludes by emphasizing the need for more research to improve the production and use of biocolours for public health and environmental sustainability.
Thermal Performance Comparison of FPC Based Solar Thermal Water Heaters Using Hybrid Nanofluids (Composite Al₂O₃ & Cuo-Water -Based) to Single Nanofluids for Varied Volume Fractions
Authors: - Harshit Kumar Joshi , - Dr. Gourav Purohit
Published: February 2025

This study compares the thermal performance of Flat Plate Collector (FPC) based Solar Thermal Water Heaters (STWH) employing hybrid nanofluids, namely Al₂O₃-CuO-water, to single nanofluids such as Al₂O₃-water and CuO-water. Combining Al₂O₃ with CuO nanoparticles in water for varied volume fractions of Nanoparticles enhances thermal conductivity, specific heat, and heat transfer efficiency. Numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent Software, based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) Modelling, show that hybrid nanofluids improve the overall thermal performance of solar thermal water heaters more effectively than single nanofluids, indicating a promising solution for efficient energy utilization in solar thermal applications.
The Intersection of Quantum Mechanics and Metaphysical Poetry: Exploring the Unknown in Donne and Heisenberg: Fusion of Quantum Mechanics and English Poetry
Authors: - Badrish Badoni , - Dr. Bipin Chandra Uniyal , - Dr. Yogesh Prasad
Published: February 2025

Metaphysical poetry and quantum mechanics may seem unlikely bedfellows but their intersections provide a thought-provoking dialogue between abstract domains of science and literature. So the exchange between these two disciplines undergirds the exploration of the epiphany of John Donne, an iconic metaphysical poet and of Werner Heisenberg, a founding father of quantum mechanics. So I was intrigued to find that both Donne and Heisenberg were engaging with questions of uncertainty, the limits of the knowable in Homo sapiens and the
nature of reality itself, albeit in painfully different registers. In fact, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, which posits that we can never know both the precise location and momentum of a particle simultaneously is just one among the elements Donne’s grapples with in his metaphysical poetry, which is written through and through with other metaphysical metaphors, often considering the wonders of existence, the nature of the soul and the cosmos the same kinds of questions explored through the lens of quantum mechanics. The paper reads Donne’s metaphysical musings on life, death and the universe through the lens of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, unearthing the potentialities of both traumas and transcendence. Reading selected poems like “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” and “The Flea,” they show how the 17th-century poet Donne impresses metaphysical conceits into the task of addressing complex, abstract ideas — ideas, mind you, that are mirrored by the paradoxes found in 21st-century physics. This study builds on literary analysis and the theory behind how to analyze literature, and argues that, despite their superficial bifurcation, both are extremely interwoven with one another in their traversals of the uncertain outer edges of perception, the hidden wonders of reality, and the inscrutable forces that control our world. This study argues that poetry and physics are more interconnected than previously acknowledged, highlighting how both disciplines compel us to reevaluate the metaphysical implications of quantum theory and how each enhances our comprehension of the other. This interdisciplinary viewpoint exemplifies how exploring the unknown is a collective human endeavor.
Designing an Elevator Controller Using VHDL
Authors: - Abobkr.H. R. Mohamed , - Masbah Alsnosi Masbah Eame , - Saleman. A. A. Abobker
Published: February 2025

In general, the success of an industrial establishment depends largely on the control strategy of supervision and control operation systems. This project aims to design an elevator controller for a four-storey building, to model an elevator controller that has 4 outputs, two of them (UP, DN) for motor direction and the others (RUN) to turn the motor on or off, while the other one is to close or open the door (Door). The controller has 4 bus inputs (3 down to 0) making a total of 16 inputs and a clock input. CUR_FLR to indicate the current floor (Sensors on the shaft of the elevator), REQ FLR to indicate the requested exit floor (Floor buttons inside the elevator's car), REQ UP and REQ DN to request the elevator's car and indicate the requested direction. There are outputs to run and direct the elevator's motor. The design of The Elevator is undertaken in Altera MAX+plus II software, using VHDL. The process of testing is carried out during modeling the process to ensure that the design is working as expected. Altera MAX+plus II software tool is used to synthesize the VHDL code which helps to compile the design.
दक्षिण एशिया में नागरिक अधिकारों का विकास : संवैधानिक दृष्टिकोण से
Authors: - अमित कुमार , - प्रीति पाठक
Published: February 2025

दक्षिण एशिया में नागरिक अधिकारों का विकास एक जटिल और गतिशील प्रक्रिया है, जो विविध ऐतिहासिक, सांस्कृतिक और राजनीतिक संदर्भों द्वारा आकार लेती है। यह शोध पत्र संवैधानिक दृष्टिकोण से दक्षिण एशिया में नागरिक अधिकारों के विकास की जांच करता है, कानूनी ढाँचों और न्यायिक व्याख्याओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है, जिन्होंने पूरे क्षेत्र में व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता, समानता और न्याय को आकार दिया है। भारत, पाकिस्तान, बांग्लादेश, श्रीलंका, नेपाल, भूटान और मालदीव को शामिल करते हुए दक्षिण एशिया एक अनूठा संवैधानिक परिदृश्य प्रस्तुत करता है जो औपनिवेशिक विरासत, स्वतंत्रता के बाद के राष्ट्र निर्माण प्रयासों और नागरिक अधिकारों के संरक्षण और विस्तार में समकालीन चुनौतियों को दर्शाता है। यह पत्र प्रमुख संवैधानिक विकास, ऐतिहासिक न्यायिक निर्णयों और राजनीतिक आंदोलनों की भूमिका के माध्यम से दक्षिण एशिया में नागरिक अधिकारों के इतिहास का पता लगाता है, यह पता लगाता है कि संवैधानिक ग्रंथों और व्याख्याओं ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से हाशिए पर पड़े समूहों के लिए नागरिक अधिकारों की प्राप्ति को किस सीमा तक बढ़ावा दिया है या बाधित किया है। अध्ययन नागरिक स्वतंत्रता की सुरक्षा में संवैधानिक ढांचे के महत्व पर जोर देता है, साथ ही सत्तावाद, धार्मिक कट्टरवाद, जाति-आधारित भेदभाव और जातीय संघर्षों द्वारा उत्पन्न चुनौतियों पर भी विचार करता है। संवैधानिक प्रावधानों, केस लॉ और सामाजिक-राजनीतिक गतिशीलता का विश्लेषण करके, यह पेपर दक्षिण एशिया में नागरिक अधिकारों के विकास की व्यापक समझ प्रदान करता है।
यह शोधपत्र दक्षिण एशिया में मानवाधिकारों के विकास की जाँच करता है। यह विशेष रूप से प्रत्येक दक्षिण एशियाई राज्य में मानवाधिकारों के विकास का अध्ययन करता है। इसके अलावा, यह शोधपत्र दक्षिण एशिया में मानवाधिकारों के विकास की धीमी गति के पीछे संभावित कारण कारकों का विश्लेषण करता है, साथ ही क्षेत्रीय मानवाधिकार साधन विकसित करने में विफलता का भी विश्लेषण करता है।
The Role of Social Media in English Language Learning in Libya
Authors: - Khald A.H. Aldbea
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of social media on English language acquisition among Libyan students, focusing on its effects on language learning, motivation, and engagement. The results demonstrate that social media platforms are essential for English learners, offering significant access to linguistic resources, authentic communication chances, and interactive educational experiences. Data indicate that students substantially enhance their vocabulary, listening comprehension, and pronunciation through social media while acquiring more confidence in spoken English. The study emphasizes the motivational elements of social media, wherein features like quizzes, multimedia content, and real-time engagement with native speakers promote students' practice and improvement of language abilities.
Despite its advantages, the study also identifies several challenges associated with using social media for educational purposes. Distractions, exposure to informal language, and difficulties in identifying credible learning resources hinder effective language learning. Furthermore, the overwhelming nature of information available on social media can sometimes hinder structured and goal-oriented learning.
A comparison between social media and traditional learning methods reveals a preference for digital platforms due to their accessibility, updated content, and interactive nature. However, while students recognize the benefits of social media, the study suggests that a blended learning approach, incorporating both structured classroom instruction and social media tools, may yield the most effective results.
The study concludes that social media has a transformative impact on learning English in Libya. It offers a dynamic, engaging, and flexible environment for language acquisition but requires guidance and structured implementation to maximize its educational potential. Based on these findings, the study recommends that educators and policymakers integrate social media into formal education while addressing its challenges to ensure a more effective and comprehensive learning experience. Future research should explore strategies to optimize social media use in English language education, focusing on balancing engagement with academic rigor.
Explore the Personality Variables among Different Team Game Players: A Comparative Study
Authors: - Dr. Manoj Kumar Murmu
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study was to find out the significant differences on selected psychological variables among Inter-University level players. To achieve this purpose of the study, fifteen Volleyball, fifteen basketball and fifteen Handball players and their age was between 18 - 25 years were selected for the study. Self-esteem scale was taken to know the self-esteem level of the different game’s players. “F” test statistical procedure was taken and analysis of variance was set at 0.05% level of confidence. There was no significant difference in Self Esteem level between different games players were found.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Implementation of the Competence-based Curriculum in Selected Secondary schools in Rubaga Division, Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: - Sr. Dr. Namaalwa Betty , - Dr. Josephine Bweyale , - Dr. Mugula Oscar
Published: February 2025

The study investigated stakeholders’ perceptions on the implementation of Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in selected Secondary schools in Rubaga Division, Kampala City. The implementation of the CBC was driven by the need to move away from knowledge based and rote memorization learning to competency based and project-oriented learning.

The study was guided by the curriculum implementation theory by Gross et al (1971). The objectives of the study were; to investigate the opinions of stakeholders on the CBC learner-centred pedagogies; analyse the stakeholders’ attitudes towards CBC instructional materials and to examine the opinions of stakeholders on the CBC assessment modes.

The study adopted a qualitative research approach that analysed the case of the CBC from the subjective point of view using the study participants’ opinions. The study followed the interpretivist paradigm, which enabled participants to create their social reality in line with the objectives of the study. A double case study research design was adopted in order to get an in-depth understanding of the stakeholders’ perceptions on the implementation of CBC. Head teachers, Teachers, UNEB officers and learners were purposively selected and participated in the study. A sample size of 23 participants was used for the study. The methods used to collect data were interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentary review. Data was analysed qualitatively using the thematic analysis approach. Data was presented using narratives and in-text quotes.

The findings revealed that; the CBC learner-centred pedagogies were appropriate although there was limited clarity in their use. Secondly, stakeholders had mixed attitudes towards use of instructional materials and lastly, the CBC assessment modes were suitable although most of the teachers did not know how to apply them.

The study recommended that the Ministry of Education and Sports needs to conduct more teacher trainings to skill teachers in CBC pedagogies, instructional materials and assessment modes. The government should provide schools with adequate educational facilities, continuously monitor, supervise and evaluate CBC practices in schools.
DISEASE DETECTION IN PLANTS USING TRANSFER LEARNING APPROACHES
Authors: Warda Naeem  , Shahid irfan  , Zeeshan Ahmad  , Shumaila iqbal  , Muhammad Azam
Published: February 2025

Food security completely relies on agriculture at the global level. Diseases of plants are a threat to crop yields which ultimately leads to economic loss and food insufficiency. With the boom of the technological revolution, traditional methods to detect diseases were left behind. Techniques from AI, computer vision, image processing, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) were applied to automate processes and provide solutions quickly and labor-free. Transfer learning comes under the domain of machine learning, and can leverage pre-trained models on huge datasets, and acclimate them to certain tasks (detect plant disease). This research investigates the implications of the transfer learning (TL) approach in detecting plant diseases and getting better accuracy on larger datasets. The verdicts of this study have the potential to decrease the time and computational cost associated with model training and get more efficiency. This research used a dataset available on Kaggle named “plant disease recognition dataset”.
PANEL DATA STUDY OF ASEAN COUNTRIES ABOUT TOURISM, TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Muhammad Aftab Rafique  , Asif Khan  , Memoona Naseer  , Kashif Bilal Majeed
Published: February 2025

This research explores the determinants of environmental sustainability in the form of tourism and trade for eight ASEAN economies over the time 2001 to 2020. In the presence of cross-sectional dependency in the cross section, we apply the 2nd generation unit root test to check the stationary of the variables. On the basis of mixed order of integration, we utilize the panel ARDL (PMG) method for short and long run analysis. The empirical findings reveal that the tourism, trade, GDP, and industrialization are significant contributors in increasing environmental degradation in long run scenario. But the effects of tourism and trade are positive and significant on environment degradation in short run. In the light of these results, trade and tourism are effective and useful tools for environmental sustainability in ASEAN countries. Further research can be conducted by including economic and regulatory indicators along with trade and tourism to design as effective policy to maintain environmental sustainability.
TRACING EAST-WEST BINARIES: A RE-ORIENTALIST READING OF KAMILA SHAMSIE'S BEST OF FRIENDS
Authors: Komal Shehzadi  , Bilal Asmat Cheema  , Dr. Jahanzeb Jahan
Published: February 2025

The study explores how Kamila Shamsie’s novel, Best of Friends illustrates East-West binaries, highlighting the portrayal of identity and culture, as characters traverse through tangled power structures. By investigating character's experiences in Pakistan and the UK, this study examines how Shamsie redefines cultural binaries, and widens the gulf between both extremes by offering an understanding of how traditional dynamics and identities are presented in postcolonial literature. The study will apply the theory of re-orientalism as a theoretical framework, as it revisits the typical stereotypes often portrayed in postcolonial literature through indigenous writers. Through tenants of Re-orientalism, this study analyzes how Shamsie reinterprets East-West binaries in a globalized world. The study will reinforce how Best of Friends challenges East-West binaries by presenting characters with fluidic conventional identities. The novel's narration of conflicted loyalties, power dynamics, sense of belonging and identities between Pakistan and the UK criticizes both the postcolonial impact and the current power dynamics. This study will also explore how Shamsie’s narrative showcases the East-West binaries without prioritizing one over the other.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (RP-HPLC) METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE (KENACORT A-40) IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: Nisar Ahmed Katohar  , Asadullah Baloch  , Abdul Rasheed Kaleri  , Muhammad Kashif Channa  , Junaid Ahmed Buriro  , Irshad Ali Mahesar  , Wahid Bux Jatoi  , Asma Kaleri
Published: February 2025

A straightforward and precise Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the estimation of triamcinolone Acetonide was developed. Methanol: water mixture was used as the mobile phase. The validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, the Limit of detection, and the Limit of quantitation were performed for Triamcinolone Acetonide. Concentration was found to be around 25mg/mL. Recovery and assay studies of Ranitidine HCl were 99%, indicating that the proposed method can be adopted for quality control analysis of Ranitidine HCl. Validation of the Method for the drug and its formulation was found to be Precise, Accurate, Selective, and Sensitive. RSD was recorded up to the maximum Limit of 1.302%  within the allowed Limit of%. Accuracy/Recovery was seen as 100%, 120%.  Intermediate Precision was observed as 100%, while reproducibility was found as 100%. Co-relation Co-efficient & Y-intercept are also within the Limit of 0.9988 & 0.2512 with linear graph.
EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA WITH ULTRASOUND AND ITS CORRELATION WITH OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES
Authors: Siraj Ali  , Madiha Naheed  , Shahzeb  , Kalim Ullah  , Bilal Ahamd  , Abdur Rehman Khokhar
Published: February 2025

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, a condition that significantly impacts the quality of life in aging men. Ultrasound imaging has emerged as a cornerstone in the assessment of BPH.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate benign prostatic hyperplasia with ultrasound and its correlation with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
Methodology: Prospective Observational study was conducted in Lahore with convenient sampling technique, 185 males were participated in six-month study. Male who was 30 years above with no history of prostate cancer and surgery were included in study. BMI, Lab tests and Ultrasound scan were performed. To measure the correlation of obesity, diabetes and hypertension with BPH.
Results: The study evaluated 185 male participants (mean age: 65.01 years) prostate weight showing significant correlations with length (r = 0.8540) and width (r = 0.6703). Age demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with prostate weight (r = 0.4626), while BMI showed minimal associations.
Conclusion: Research data confirms the relationship between BPH and conditions like BMI, diabetes and hypertension. It highlights the importance of treating these issues together and using ultrasound as a key tool for better diagnosis and management.
NEGOTIATING IDENTITIES: CULTURAL CONFLICT AND ASSIMILATION IN AN AMERICAN BRAT
Authors: Dr . Lubna Ali Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This article examines Bapsi Sidhwa's An American Brat through the lens of identity negotiation, cultural conflict, and assimilation. It highlights the protagonist Feroza Ginwalla’s journey from Pakistan to the United States and her transformation as she navigates the cultural dichotomies of tradition and modernity. By exploring themes of diaspora, gender, and familial expectations, the paper argues that Sidhwa offers a nuanced critique of cultural hybridity and the struggles of immigrant identity. The article also discusses the broader implications of Feroza’s experiences for understanding identity in transnational contexts.
QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: SECURING DATA IN THE POST-QUANTUM COMPUTING ERA – A COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF THE FUTURE OF CYBERSECURITY
Authors: Nadia Mustaqim Ansari  , Talha Tariq  , Rizwan Iqbal  , Azhar Abbas  , Haider Abbas  , Muhammad Mohsan Zohaib
Published: February 2025

Classical cryptographic systems face a hazardous situation because quantum computing operates as a threat vector against classical systems through Shor's and Grover's algorithms. Through Shor's algorithm factoring large integers results in a breach of RSA encryption methods whereas Grover's algorithm enables substantially quicker searches of unsorted databases to diminish symmetric key encryption strength. The advanced features of quantum systems eliminate the foundation of security that classical cryptographic techniques depend on computation complexity for protection. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) under the principles of quantum mechanics presents an effective solution through quantum cryptography for achieving secure communication. QKD stands apart from classical systems through its complete security because attempts at quantum channel interception automatically disable transmitted information and notifies sender and receiver.  The successful deployment of quantum cryptography needs solutions for its high implementation expenses coupled with noise sensitivity along with scalability limitations. The research shows it is vital to actively implement quantum-resistant cryptography now because it will protect sensitive data as the post-quantum computing period begins thus securing global cyberspace infrastructure protection systems. The study demonstrates both promising speed benefits of Hash-Based cryptography but Code-Based cryptography encounters deployment barriers because of its performance restrictions. Future studies must focus on performance development of PQC mechanisms to boost operational speed and sustain security standards.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOCHAR ADSORPTION CAPACTIES FOR ANTIBIOTICS REMOVAL
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam Mustafa Kubar
Published: February 2025

The increasing presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has raised significant concerns due to their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. This study aims to explore the efficiency of various biochar types in adsorbing and removing four commonly originate antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC), ciprofloxacin (CFX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solutions. Ten different biochar treatments labeled from (BC1 to BC10) were systematically evaluated to determine their adsorption capacities (Qmax) and removal efficiencies, utilizing a comprehensive set of parameters including elemental composition of Corban, Nitrogen, Oxygen ratios (C, N, O), pH, specific surface area (SSA), pore volume, average pore size, and pyrolysis conditions. Results revealed that the maximum values ranged from C 92%, N 4.04%, O 93% ratios, pH 11, specific surface area 1712 m3/g, pore volume 1.73 cm3/g, average pore size 32 (nm), pyrolysis condition 900 (temp, time, gas) in 3 hours and Qmax 1029.5 (mg/g), 64% removal at tetracycline (TC), ciprofloxacin (CFX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in different biochars. Furthermore, biochar characteristics, especially pore volume, pore size, and nitrogen content, exhibited strong positive correlation with Qmax, demonstrating a significant impact on adsorption performance. Particularly, biochar types with larger pore sizes and higher nitrogen content achieved superior adsorption capacities, with Qmax values exceeding 1029 mg/g for certain biochar treatments. Study shows the inverse relationship between carbon content and adsorption efficiency, offering valuable insights for optimizing biochar properties in environmental applications. The results suggest that optimizing biochar production conditions can significantly improve its effectiveness as a sustainable solution for water management. These findings cover the way for further studies on biochars application in large scale wastewater treatment, thereby contributing to the development of eco-friendly strategies for modifying antibiotic contamination in aquatic system.
Diabetic Nephropathy- Recent Trends and Future Prospective in its Management
Authors: Sharma Om Prakash
Published: February 2025

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a non-communicable metabolic disease which is characterized with reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), protein- urea, and persistent albuminuria. Currently one-third patient with diabetes develop nephropathy making early diagnosis critical in preventing end stage renal failure. Persistent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidaemia involves in various inflammatory and oxidative pathways and protein deposition in extracellular matrix of the nephron with albumin leakage. No significant therapy is currently available in treatment of patients with nephropathy except for fewer agents like RAAS blockers, thiazolidinediones, statins, and fibric acid derivatives are being utilized. This review discussed various presently employed and recently developed therapeutic targets to treat diabetic nephropathy and to improve the function of diabetic kidney. The involvement of autophagy and Nrf2 activators in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy has been currently under intense investigation
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACINMICROSPHERES FOR NASAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Vel S.Durai
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to evaluate ciprofloxacin-hydrochloride loaded microspheres using copolymers synthesized from acrylic and methacrylic acid esters as a the retardant material for nasal administration.. Microspheres prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using an acetone and dichloro methane system. Formulation parameters and processing parameters like ratio of drug to polymer (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3) concentration of aerosol, volume of water and stirring speed were optimized. Aerosil was used as the inert dispersing carrier to increase the dissolution rate. The prepared microspheres characterized for their micromeritic propertics and drug loading, as well as Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro release studies performed in Phosphate buffer PH 7.4. The prepared microspheres should white, free flowing and spherical in shape. The drug-loaded microspheres showed 86-96% of entrapment and release contected up to 8-10 hr.