bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Construct a Horizontal Resolution‐Dependent Wind Speed Adjustment Factor for Tropical Cyclones in Global Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Moon Yumin , Kim Daehyun , Camargo Suzana J. , Wing Allison A. , Reed Kevin A. , Wehner Michael F. , Zhao Ming
Published: May 2020

A new method to construct a horizontal resolution‐dependent wind speed adjustment factor for evaluating tropical cyclones (TCs) in global climate models (GCMs) is presented. In contrast to the previous studies that used idealized axisymmetric wind fields, this study analyzes 48 hr of 10‐s surface wind fields from 1‐km TC simulations. The adjustment factor is derived from filtering the simulated TC wind fields onto various horizontal grid spacings typical of those used in GCMs. The new adjustment factor leads to TCs with greater intensity than the existing adjustment factors for horizontal grid spacings smaller than 30 km. This difference is attributed to more realistic wind fields in the TC simulations that contain highly asymmetric, localized patches of higher wind speeds instead of axisymmetric wind fields. Applying the new adjustment factor to select GCM simulations suggests the common interpretation of low‐intensity bias in GCM‐simulated TCs might be slightly exaggerated.
Four Atmospheric Circulation Regimes Over the North Pacific and Their Relationship to California Precipitation on Daily to Seasonal Timescales
Authors: Guirguis Kristen , Gershunov Alexander , DeFlorio Michael J. , Shulgina Tamara , Delle Monache Luca , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Corringham Thomas W. , Ralph F. Martin
Published: May 2020

Precipitation in California is highly variable and not well forecasted on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) timescales. Understanding relationships between synoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation and hydrometeorological extremes could improve predictability. This work demonstrates the importance of four North Pacific circulation regimes (called the NP4 modes) in modulating precipitation, flooding, and water resources in California. Here we demonstrate how, on daily timescales, interactions between the NP4 modes drive coastal flow that can result in dry conditions from atmospheric ridging or wet conditions associated with enhanced onshore flow and atmospheric river (AR) landfalls. Seasonally, the prevalence of certain NP4 phase relationships can tip the scale toward wet or dry conditions. Relationships between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the NP4 are explored, and we provide insight into the poorly forecasted Western US seasonal precipitation during the “Godzilla” El Niño winter of 2016 by examining climate‐weather linkages in a historical context.
Characteristics of the Prolonged El Niño Events During 1960–2020
Authors: Lee Chung‐Wei , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Sui Chung‐Hsiung , Zheng Fei , Wu Erh‐Tung
Published: May 2020

Most El Niño events decayed rapidly after boreal winter, while some events prolonged and grew again in the second year, accounting for 5 out of the 17 episodes during 1960–2020. In their development stages, warm water volume (WWV) anomalies were comparable to the other events, but the growth of sea surface temperature (SST) and westerly anomalies and the discharge of WWV were delayed by about a season. The weak but warm SST anomaly in Eastern Pacific persisted into next year, intensified again via Bjerknes feedback, and decayed after the second boreal winter. In June–October of 1968, 1986, 2014, and 2018, a strengthened cross‐hemisphere SST gradient appeared in Eastern Pacific, induced anomalous southerly at the equator, and disrupted the zonal positive feedback. The intensity of this meridional mode is independent of the El Niño state and is weaker in late 1990s to early 2010s than in other decades.
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
Authors: Zheng Danping , Liwinski Timur , Elinav Eran
Published: May 2020

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host’s innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects of the current knowledge, challenges and limitations in achieving causal understanding of host immune-microbiome interactions, as well as their impact on immune-mediated diseases, and discuss how these insights may translate towards future development of microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.
Precise coupling of the thalamic head-direction system to hippocampal ripples
Authors: Viejo Guillaume , Peyrache Adrien
Published: May 2020

The anterior thalamus is a key relay of neuronal signals within the limbic system. During sleep, the occurrence of hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), believed to mediate consolidation of explicit memories, is modulated by thalamocortical network activity, yet how information is routed around SWRs and how this communication depends on neuronal dynamics remains unclear. Here, by simultaneously recording ensembles of neurons in the anterior thalamus and local field potentials in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, we show that the head-direction (HD) cells of the anterodorsal nucleus are set in stable directions immediately before SWRs. This response contrasts with other thalamic cells that exhibit diverse couplings to the hippocampus related to their intrinsic dynamics but independent of their anatomical location. Thus, our data suggest a specific and homogeneous contribution of the HD signal to hippocampal activity and a diverse and cell-specific coupling of non-HD neurons.
In-situ structure and catalytic mechanism of NiFe and CoFe layered double hydroxides during oxygen evolution
Authors: Dionigi Fabio , Zeng Zhenhua , Sinev Ilya , Merzdorf Thomas , Deshpande Siddharth , Lopez Miguel Bernal , Kunze Sebastian , Zegkinoglou Ioannis , Sarodnik Hannes , Fan Dingxin , Bergmann Arno , Drnec Jakub , Araujo Jorge Ferreira de , Gliech Manuel , Teschner Detre , Zhu Jing , Li Wei-Xue , Greeley Jeffrey , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Strasser Peter
Published: May 2020

NiFe and CoFe (MFe) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most active electrocatalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we combine electrochemical measurements, operando X-ray scattering and absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the catalytically active phase, reaction center and the OER mechanism. We provide the first direct atomic-scale evidence that, under applied anodic potentials, MFe LDHs oxidize from as-prepared α-phases to activated γ-phases. The OER-active γ-phases are characterized by about 8% contraction of the lattice spacing and switching of the intercalated ions. DFT calculations reveal that the OER proceeds via a Mars van Krevelen mechanism. The flexible electronic structure of the surface Fe sites, and their synergy with nearest-neighbor M sites through formation of O-bridged Fe-M reaction centers, stabilize OER intermediates that are unfavorable on pure M-M centers and single Fe sites, fundamentally accounting for the high catalytic activity of MFe LDHs.
Finding the equilibrium of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Kaphle Vikash , Paudel Pushpa Raj , Dahal Drona , Radha Krishnan Raj Kishen , Lüssem Björn
Published: May 2020

Organic Electrochemical Transistors are versatile sensors that became essential for the field of organic bioelectronics. However, despite their importance, an incomplete understanding of their working mechanism is currently precluding a targeted design of Organic Electrochemical Transistors and it is still challenging to formulate precise design rules guiding materials development in this field. Here, it is argued that current capacitive device models neglect lateral ion currents in the transistor channel and therefore fail to describe the equilibrium state of Organic Electrochemical Transistors. An improved model is presented, which shows that lateral ion currents lead to an accumulation of ions at the drain contact, which significantly alters the transistor behavior. Overall, these results show that a better understanding of the interface between the organic semiconductor and the drain electrode is needed to reach a full understanding of Organic Electrochemical Transistors.
Arene dearomatization through a catalytic N-centered radical cascade reaction
Authors: McAtee Rory C. , Noten Efrey A. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: May 2020

Arene dearomatization reactions are an important class of synthetic technologies for the rapid assembly of unique chemical architectures. Herein, we report a catalytic protocol to initiate a carboamination/dearomatization cascade that proceeds through transient sulfonamidyl radical intermediates formed from native sulfonamide N–H bonds leading to 1,4-cyclohexadiene-fused sultams. Importantly, this work demonstrates a facile approach to employ two-dimensional aromatic compounds as modular building blocks to generate richly substituted, three-dimensional compounds. These reactions occur at room temperature under visible light irradiation and are catalyzed by the combination of an iridium(III) photocatalyst and a dialkyl phosphate base. Reaction optimization, substrate scope, mechanistic features, and synthetic applications of this transformation are presented.
CeutaOPEN, individual-based field observations of breeding snowy plovers Charadrius nivosus
Authors: Eberhart-Phillips Luke J. , Cruz-López Medardo , Lozano-Angulo Lydia , del Ángel Salvador Gómez , Rojas-Abreu Wendoly , Bucio-Pacheco Marcos , Küpper Clemens
Published: May 2020

Shorebirds (part of the order Charadriiformes) have a global distribution and exhibit remarkable variation in ecological and behavioural traits that are pertinent to many core questions in the fields of evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. Shorebirds are also relatively convenient to study in the wild as they are ground nesting and often occupy open habitats that are tractable to monitor. Here we present a database documenting the reproductive ecology of 1,647 individually marked snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) monitored between 2006 and 2016 at Bahía de Ceuta (23°54N, 106°57W) – an important breeding site in north-western Mexico. The database encompasses various morphological, behavioural, and fitness-related traits of males and females along with spatial and temporal population dynamics. This open resource will serve as an important data repository for addressing overarching questions in avian ecology and wetland conservation during an era of big data and global collaborative science.
Anxiety and depression in diabetes care: longitudinal associations with health-related quality of life
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Haagsma Juanita , Sijbrands Eric , Buijks Hanneke , Boogaard Laura , Mackenbach Johan P. , Erasmus Vicki , Polinder Suzanne
Published: May 2020

Anxiety and depression are commonly found in patients with diabetes, but little is known about how the anxiety and depression symptoms of diabetes patients and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time influence each other. Therefore, we conducted a survey among patients with diabetes (T1) and repeated the survey after 3 months (T2). Linear regression models and cross-lagged structural equation models were used to analyze the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and HRQoL within and across time intervals. Correcting for baseline index and potential confounders, the HRQoL index at T2 reflected the change in anxiety/depression between T1 and T2 more than anxiety/depression at T1 (P < 0.05). Similarly, anxiety and depression at T2 reflected the change in the EQ-5D index over time more than the index at baseline (P < 0.05). Our longitudinal data fitted well in a cross-lagged model with bi-directional pathways of associations between anxiety and HRQoL, as well as depression and HRQoL, among adult patients with diabetes (x2/df = 1.102, P = 0.256; CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.030). Our findings support early detection of anxiety and depression, as well as comprehensive efforts improving HRQoL for patients with diabetes.
Natural convection flow of a second grade fluid in an infinite vertical cylinder
Authors: Javaid Maria , Imran M. , Imran M. A. , Khan I. , Nisar K. S.
Published: May 2020

In current study natural convection flow of second grade fluid in an oscillating infinite vertical cylinder is investigated. The dimensionless governing equations for temperature and velocity are obtained by introducing the non-dimensional variables. Exact solutions for temperature and velocity field are computed by means of integral transformation. Solutions for cosine and sine oscillations of velocity field are introduced in the form of transient and post-transient arrangements. A special case for Newtonian fluid is obtained from general results and transients solutions are computed in terms of tables. In the end, the impact of dimensionless numbers (Grashof and Prandtl numbers) at different values of time is presented in graphical form and found that velocity for Newtonian fluid has greater values than the second grade fluid. Furthermore, there are some comparisons of calculated solutions with existing solutions in literature.
A Panoply of Rheumatological Manifestations in Patients with GATA2 Deficiency
Authors: Amarnani Abhimanyu A. , Poladian Katlin R. , Marciano Beatriz E. , Daub Janine R. , Williams Sandra G. , Livinski Alicia A. , Hsu Amy P. , Palmer Cindy L. , Kenney Cara M. , Avila Daniele N. , Holland Steven M. , Katz James D.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To characterize rheumatological manifestations of GATA2 deficiency. Methods: Single-center, retrospective review of 157 patients with GATA2 deficiency. Disease course, laboratory results, and imaging findings were extracted. In-person rheumatological assessments were performed on selected, available patients. A literature search of four databases was conducted to identify additional cases. Results: Rheumatological findings were identified in 28 patients, out of 157 cases reviewed (17.8%). Twenty-two of those patients (78.6%) reported symptom onset prior to or in conjunction with the molecular diagnosis of GATA2 deficiency. Notable rheumatological manifestations included: piezogenic pedal papules (PPP), joint hyperextensibility, early onset osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and seronegative erosive rheumatoid arthritis. In peripheral blood of patients with rheumatological manifestations and GATA2 deficiency, CD4+ CD3+ helper T cells and naïve CD3+ CD4+ CD62L+ CD45RA+ helper T cell subpopulation fractions were significantly lower, while CD8+ cytotoxic T cell fractions were significantly higher, compared to those without rheumatological manifestations and with GATA2 deficiency. No changes in CD19, CD3, or NK populations were observed. Conclusion: GATA2 deficiency is associated with a broad spectrum of rheumatological disease manifestations. Low total helper T lymphocyte proportions and low naïve helper T cell proportions are associated with those most at risk of overt rheumatological manifestations. Further, PPP and joint hyperextensibility may explain some of the nonimmunologically-mediated joint problems encountered in patients with GATA2 deficiency. This catalogue suggests that rheumatological manifestations and immune dysregulation are relatively common in GATA2 deficiency.
Optical image amplification in dual-comb microscopy
Authors: Mizuno Takahiko , Tsuda Takuya , Hase Eiji , Tokizane Yu , Oe Ryo , Koresawa Hidenori , Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Minamikawa Takeo , Yasui Takeshi
Published: May 2020

Dual-comb microscopy (DCM), based on a combination of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) with two-dimensional spectral encoding (2D-SE), is a promising method for scan-less confocal laser microscopy giving an amplitude and phase image contrast with the confocality. However, signal loss in a 2D-SE optical system hampers increase in image acquisition rate due to decreased signal-to-noise ratio. In this article, we demonstrated optical image amplification in DCM with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Combined use of the image-encoded DCS interferogram and the EDFA benefits from not only the batch amplification of amplitude and phase images but also significant rejection of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) background. Effectiveness of the optical-image-amplified DCM is highlighted in the single-shot quantitative nanometer-order surface topography and the real-time movie of polystyrene beads dynamics under water convection. The proposed method will be a powerful tool for real-time observation of surface topography and fast dynamic phenomena.
Effect of antiseptic gels in the microbiologic colonization of the suture threads after oral surgery
Authors: Rodríguez Zorrilla Samuel , Blanco Carrión Andrés , García García Abel , Galindo Moreno Pablo , Marichalar Mendía Xabier , Seoane Prado Rafael , Pérez Estévez Antonio J. , Pérez-Sayáns Mario
Published: May 2020

Three different bioadhesive gels were evaluated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which microbial growth in the suture thread was assessed following post-surgical application of the aforementioned gels. Also assessed in this trial were, the intensity of post-surgical pain as well as the degree of healing of the patients’ surgical wounds. A total of 21 patients (with 42 wisdom teeth) participated in this trial. Chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine-chitosan gel, and hyaluronic acid gel were evaluated, with a neutral water-based gel serving as the control agent. The aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial recovery on blood agar was lower in the placebo group than in the experimental groups. The most significant difference (p = 0.04) was observed in the chlorhexidine-chitosan group. in which the growth of Blood Agar and Mitis Salivarius Agar was significantly higher than in the placebo group. The intensity of post-surgical pain was very similar among all the groups. Significantly better healing rates were observed in the patients treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan gel when compared with those who used the placebo gel (p = 0.03), and in particular when compared with those patients who used hyaluronic acid gel (p = 0.01). Through our microbiological analyses, we were able to conclude that none of the bioadhesive gels tested resulted in beneficial reductions in the bacterial/fungal populations. However, the healing rates of patients who were treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan were better than those of the patients who used either the placebo gel or the hyaluronic acid gel.
Potential sex-dependent effects of weather on apparent survival of a high-elevation specialist
Authors: Strinella Eliseo , Scridel Davide , Brambilla Mattia , Schano Christian , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi
Published: May 2020

Mountain ecosystems are inhabited by highly specialised and endemic species which are particularly susceptible to climatic changes. However, the mechanisms by which climate change affects species population dynamics are still largely unknown, particularly for mountain birds. We investigated how weather variables correlate with survival or movement of the white-winged snowfinchMontifringilla nivalis, a specialist of high-elevation habitat. We analysed a 15-year (2003–2017) mark-recapture data set of 671 individuals from the Apennines (Italy), using mark-recapture models. Mark-recapture data allow estimating, forgiven time intervals, the probability that individuals stay in the study area and survive, the so called apparent survival. We estimated annual apparent survival to be around 0.44–0.54 for males and around 0.51–0.64 for females. Variance among years was high (range: 0.2–0.8), particularly for females. Apparent survival was lower in winter compared to summer. Female annual apparent survival was negatively correlated with warm and dry summers, whereas in males these weather variables only weakly correlated with apparent survival. Remarkably, the average apparent survival measured in this study was lower than expected. We suggest that the low apparent survival may be due to recent changes in the environment caused by global warming. Possible, non-exclusive mechanisms that potentially also could explain sexual differential apparent survival act via differential breeding dispersal, hyperthermia, weather-dependent food availability, and weather-dependent trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance. These results improve our current understanding of the mechanisms driving population dynamics in high-elevation specialist birds, which are particularly at risk due to climate change.
Basic timekeeping deficit in the Beat-based Form of Congenital Amusia
Authors: Tranchant Pauline , Peretz Isabelle
Published: May 2020

Humans have the capacity to match movements’ timing with the beat of music. Yet some individuals show marked difficulties. The causes of these difficulties remain to be determined. Here, we investigate to what extend a beat synchronization deficit can be traced to basic timekeeping abilities. Eight beat-impaired individuals who were unable to successfully synchronize to the beat of music were compared to matched controls in their ability to tap a self-paced regular beat, to tap to a metronome spanning a large range of tempi (225–1709 ms inter-tone onsets), and to maintain the tempi after the sounds had ceased. Whether paced by a metronome or not, beat-impaired individuals showed poorer regularity (higher variability) in tapping, with an inability to synchronize at a fast tempo (225 ms between beats) or to sustain tapping at slow tempi (above 1 sec). Yet, they showed evidence of predictive and flexible processing. We suggest that the beat impairment is due to imprecise internal timekeeping mechanism.
Projected Streamflow in the Kurau River Basin of Western Malaysia under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Adib Muhammad Nasir Mohd , Rowshon Md Kamal , Mojid Md Abdul , Habibu Ismail
Published: May 2020

Climate change-induced spatial and temporal variability of stremflow has significant implications for hydrological processes and water supplies at basin scale. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on streamflow of the Kurau River Basin in Malaysia using a Climate-Smart Decision Support System (CSDSS) to predict future climate sequences. For this, we used 25 reliazations consisting from 10 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and three IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The generated climate sequences were used as input to Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate projected changes in hydrological processes in the basin over the period 2021–2080. The model performed fairly well for the Kurau River Basin, with coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBIAS) of 0.65, 0.65 and –3.0, respectively for calibration period (1981–1998) and 0.60, 0.59 and −4.6, respectively for validation period (1996–2005). Future projections over 2021–2080 period show an increase in rainfall during August to January (relatively wet season, called the main irrigation season) but a decrease in rainfall during February to July (relatively dry season, called the off season). Temperature projections show increase in both the maximum and minimum temperatures under the three RCP scenarios, with a maximum increase of 2.5 °C by 2021–2080 relative to baseline period of 1976–2005 under RCP8.5 scenario. The model predicted reduced streamflow under all RCP scenarios compared to the baseline period. Compared to 2021–2050 period, the projected streamflow will be higher during 2051–2080 period by 1.5 m3/s except in February for RCP8.5. The highest streamflow is predicted during August to December for both future periods under RCP8.5. The seasonal changes in streamflow range between –2.8% and –4.3% during the off season, and between 0% (nil) and –3.8% during the main season. The assessment of the impacts of climatic variabilities on the available water resources is necessary to identify adaptation strategies. It is supposed that such assessment on the Kurau River Basin under changing climate would improve operation policy for the Bukit Merah reservoir located at downstream of the basin. Thus, the predicted streamflow of the basin would be of importance to quantify potential impacts of climate change on the Bukit Merah reservoir and to determine the best possible operational strategies for irrigation release.
Hypereosinophilia with Concurrent Venous Thromboembolism: Clinical Features, Potential Risk Factors, and Short-term Outcomes in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Liu Yecheng , Meng Xu , Feng Jun , Zhou Xianliang , Zhu Huadong
Published: May 2020

Idiopathic hypereosinophilia (IHE) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) are benign haematological disorders. Studies have suggested that venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a rare but sometimes fatal complication of hypereosinophilia; however, data are limited. We retrospectively analysed clinical features and short-term outcomes of 63 consecutive patients (82.5% men; mean age, 40.92 ± 10.89 years) with IHE or HES with concurrent VTE from January 1998 through December 2018. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) were explored by multivariate logistic analysis. DVT and/or PE was detected by imaging in all patients. Independent risk factors for PE were a body mass index of >24.1 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR]: 5.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–26.13, P = 0.028), peak absolute eosinophil count of >6.3 × 109/L (OR: 5.55, 95% CI: 1.292–23.875, P = 0.021), and >13.9-month duration of hypereosinophilia (OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.123–18.09, P = 0.034). All patients were treated with corticosteroids and anticoagulants. The short-term hypereosinophilia remission rate was 100%; no recurrent VTE or major bleeding was observed. Hypereosinophilia is a potential risk factor for VTE. PE in patients with IHE/HES and DVT is associated with a higher body mass index, higher peak absolute eosinophil count, and longer duration of hypereosinophilia. Corticosteroids and anticoagulants provided effective short-term control of hypereosinophilia and VTE.
Mapping livestock movements in Sahelian Africa
Authors: Jahel Camille , Lenormand Maxime , Seck Ismaila , Apolloni Andrea , Toure Ibra , Faye Coumba , Sall Baba , Lo Mbargou , Diaw Cecile Squarzoni , Lancelot Renaud , Coste Caroline
Published: May 2020

In the dominant livestock systems of Sahelian countries herds have to move across territories. Their mobility is often a source of conflict with farmers in the areas crossed, and helps spread diseases such as Rift Valley Fever. Knowledge of the routes followed by herds is therefore core to guiding the implementation of preventive and control measures for transboundary animal diseases, land use planning and conflict management. However, the lack of quantitative data on livestock movements, together with the high temporal and spatial variability of herd movements, has so far hampered the production of fine resolution maps of animal movements. This paper proposes a general framework for mapping potential paths for livestock movements and identifying areas of high animal passage potential for those movements. The method consists in combining the information contained in livestock mobility networks with landscape connectivity, based on different mobility conductance layers. We illustrate our approach with a livestock mobility network in Senegal and Mauritania in the 2014 dry and wet seasons.
PGAM5-MAVS interaction regulates TBK1/ IRF3 dependent antiviral responses
Authors: Yu Yu-qiang , Zielinska Marta , Li Wei , Bernkopf Dominic B. , Heilingloh Christiane Silke , Neurath Markus F. , Becker Christoph
Published: May 2020

Viral infections trigger host innate immune responses, characterized by the production of type-I interferons (IFN) including IFNβ. IFNβ induces cellular antiviral defense mechanisms and thereby contributes to pathogen clearance. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria constitute a crucial platform for the induction of antiviral immunity. Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial protein phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) is important for the antiviral cellular response. Following challenge of HeLa cells with the dsRNA-analog poly(I:C), PGAM5 oligomers and high levels of PGAM5 were found in mitochondrial aggregates. Using immunoprecipitation, a direct interaction of PGAM5 with the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) was demonstrated. In addition, PGAM5 deficient cells showed diminished expression of IFNβ and IFNβ target genes as compared to WT cells. Moreover, PGAM5 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited decreased phosphorylation levels of IRF3 and TBK1 when challenged with poly(I:C) intracellularly. Finally, PGAM5 deficient MEFs, upon infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), revealed diminished IFNβ expression and increased VSV replication. Collectively, our study highlights PGAM5 as an important regulator for IFNβ production mediated via the TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway in response to viral infection.
The effect of wrist posture on extrinsic finger muscle activity during single joint movements
Authors: Beringer Carl R. , Mansouri Misagh , Fisher Lee E. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Munin Michael C. , Boninger Michael L. , Gaunt Robert A.
Published: May 2020

Wrist posture impacts the muscle lengths and moment arms of the extrinsic finger muscles that cross the wrist. As a result, the electromyographic (EMG) activity associated with digit movement at different wrist postures must also change. We sought to quantify the posture-dependence of extrinsic finger muscle activity using bipolar fine-wire electrodes inserted into the extrinsic finger muscles of able-bodied subjects during unrestricted wrist and finger movements across the entire range of motion. EMG activity of all the recorded finger muscles were significantly different (p < 0.05, ANOVA) when performing the same digit movement in five different wrist postures. Depending on the wrist posture, EMG activity changed by up to 70% in individual finger muscles for the same movement, with the highest levels of activity observed in finger extensors when the wrist was extended. Similarly, finger flexors were most active when the wrist was flexed. For the finger flexors, EMG variations with wrist posture were most prominent for index finger muscles, while the EMG activity of all finger extensor muscles were modulated in a similar way across all digits. In addition to comprehensively quantifying the effect of wrist posture on extrinsic finger EMG activity in able-bodied subjects, these results may contribute to designing control algorithms for myoelectric prosthetic hands in the future.
Preceding Viral Infections Do Not Imprint Long-Term Changes in Regulatory T Cell Function
Authors: Rost Felix , Lambert Katharina , Rakebrandt Nikolas , Joller Nicole
Published: May 2020

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain peripheral self-tolerance and limit immune mediated pathology. Like effector T cells, Tregs can specialize in TH1-dominated immune responses and co-express T-bet together with Foxp3. This allows for expression of CXCR3 and efficient homing to sites of TH1 responses. However, whether such functional specialization is paralleled by memory generation among Tregs is unknown. In this study, we investigated the ability of polyclonal Tregs to form functional memory in response to viral infection. Using adoptive transfer models to compare infection-experienced Tregs generated upon acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) WE and Vaccinia Virus (VV) infections with naive Tregs, we observed no differences in their phenotype or their in vivo maintenance. When comparing functional properties of infection-experienced and naive Tregs, we found no differences in in vitro suppressive capacity nor in their ability to limit the effector response upon homologous, systemic or local re-challenge in vivo. Our results suggest that no functional Treg memory is generated in the context of systemic LCMV or VV infection, but we cannot rule out the possibility that the generation of Treg memory may be possible in other contexts.
Novel microcapsules for internal curing of high-performance cementitious system
Authors: Shang Xiaoyu , Zhan Baojian , Li Jiangshan , Zhong Rui
Published: May 2020

Conventional internal curing materials for high-performance cementitious system cannot easily have artificial modifications, such that the curing effect is difficult to control during the process. In this study, a novel microcapsule is proposed for controlled internal curing of cement-based materials. The microcapsules are synthesized by a double emulsion method to form a polymer shell-water core structure. The sensitivity of polymer shell to alkaline environments is used to trigger the release of core water. Thus, water release can be controlled by tailoring the shell thickness and microcapsules sizes by changing the polymer dosage and stirring rate during synthesis. The experimental results indicate that the novel microcapsules can effectively release water for internal curing of a cementitious matrix, which exhibits a high curing efficiency in terms of nearly autogenous shrinkage and increases the compressive strength. The novel microcapsules could be promising internal curing agents to enhance high-performance cement-based materials.
Analysis of resistance to bending of metal electroconductive layers deposited on textile composite substrates in PVD process
Authors: Korzeniewska Ewa , De Mey Gilbert , Pawlak Ryszard , Stempień Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

In the article a description of the behaviour of metallic layers created in the process of physical vacuum deposition on a composite textile substrates during their cyclical bending process is presented. Either the results of experimental research or the theoretical considerations of changes in the structure resistance as a function of the number of fatigue cycles are presented. It was confirmed mathematically that at the beginning of the bending process, in the case of a small number of bends, single cracks appear on the surface of the layer. After exceeding a certain number of bends, the nature of defects on the surface of the layer changes and the dominating mechanism of changes is the widening and elongation of already existing cracks. It has been confirmed mathematically that changes in resistance in these cases depend respectively on the number of bending cycles and next on quadratic value of number of cycles. A correspondence between the mathematical description and experimental results was obtained.
Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Using Eggshell Waste Biosorbent
Authors: Rápó Eszter , Aradi László Előd , Szabó Ábel , Posta Katalin , Szép Robert , Tonk Szende
Published: May 2020

Based on the well-known excellent adsorbent ability of chicken eggshells, the adsorptive capacity and mechanism of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R (RBV-5R) dye by eggshell was investigated. Exploiting the high surface-area-to-volume ratio and porous structure of this natural adsorbent, the developed procedure showed to be useful for the efficient adsorption of RBV-5R dye from contaminated water. The protocol was thoroughly optimized by investigating the effect of the dye concentration, biomass-contaminated water ratio, particle size of the adsorbent, pH and temperature, as they are key factors in the efficiency of the dye removal process. The eggshell material was characterized by different types of microscopy techniques (stereo, polarization, SEM) as well as elemental analysis (element distribution mapping, EDX), Raman spectroscopy and BET-surface density measurements. EDX, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy proved the presence of the adsorbed dye on the surface of the biomaterial. It was shown that under optimal conditions, the environmentally friendly and inexpensive eggshell could be a reliable adsorbent for Remazol dye removal from wastewater.
Association between pachychoroid and long-term treatment outcomes of photodynamic therapy with intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Azuma Keiko , Okubo Atsushi , Nomura Yoko , Zhou Hanpeng , Terao Ryo , Hashimoto Yohei , Asano Kimiko Shimizu , Azuma Kunihiro , Inoue Tatsuya , Obata Ryo
Published: May 2020

We investigated long-term treatment responses in patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). The medical charts of 14 patients with treatment-naïve PCV who underwent PDT with IVR were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up and treated with additional IVR for ≥3 years. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), greatest linear dimension (GLD) on angiography, polyp regression and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were assessed. Associations between these functional or anatomic outcomes with age, baseline CCT, baseline GLD or choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) were investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Mean logMAR BCVA improved significantly at 3 years (0.34 ± 0.24 to 0.12 ± 0.29, p = 0.003). Greater BCVA improvement and longer time to first recurrence was significantly associated with CVH. Fewer number of IVR retreatment within 3 years was associated with thicker baseline CCT. Mean CCT significantly decreased at 3 years (217 ± 33 µm to 197 ± 48 µm, p = 0.003). Greater decrease of CCT was significantly associated both with greater number of IVR retreatment within 3 years and absence of CVH. These results showed that pachychoroid characteristics at baseline was associated long-term functional and anatomic outcomes in patients with treatment-naïve PCV who had undergone combination PDT and IVR.
Pivotal role of CD103 in the development of psoriasiform dermatitis
Authors: Fukui Takehito , Fukaya Tomohiro , Uto Tomofumi , Takagi Hideaki , Nasu Junta , Miyanaga Noriaki , Nishikawa Yotaro , Koseki Haruhiko , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Sato Katsuaki
Published: May 2020

The integrin αE known as CD103 binds integrin β7 to form the complete heterodimeric integrin molecule αEβ7. CD103 is mainly expressed by lymphocytes within epithelial tissues of intestine, lung, and skin as well as subsets of mucosal and dermal conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). CD103 has been originally implicated in the attachment of lymphocytes to epithelium in the gut and skin through the interaction with E-cadherin expressed on intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and Langerhans cells (LCs). However, an impact of CD103 on the cutaneous immune responses and the development of inflammatory skin diseases remains elusive. Here, we report that CD103 regulates the development of psoriasiform dermatitis through the control of the function of cDCs. Deficiency in CD103 exacerbates psoriasiform dermatitis, accompanied by excessive epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes. Furthermore, deficiency in CD103 not only accelerates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in psoriatic lesions but also promotes the generation of lymphocytes producing interleukin (IL)-17 in the skin-draining peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs). Under the deficiency in CD103, cDCs localized in PLNs enhance cytokine production following activation. Thus, our findings reveal a pivotal role for CD103 in the control of the function of cDCs to regulate cutaneous inflammation in psoriasiform dermatitis.
Dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis
Authors: Oka Mieko , Shimo Satoshi , Ohno Nobuhiko , Imai Hirohiko , Abekura Yu , Koseki Hirokazu , Miyata Haruka , Shimizu Kampei , Kushamae Mika , Ono Isao , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Kawashima Akitsugu , Kawamata Takakazu , Aoki Tomohiro
Published: May 2020

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major type of cells constituting arterial walls and play a role to maintain stiffness via producing extracellular matrix. Here, the loss and degenerative changes of SMCs become the major histopathological features of an intracranial aneurysm (IA), a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Considering the important role of SMCs and the loss of this type of cells in IA lesions, we in the present study subjected rats to IA models and examined how SMCs behave during disease progression. We found that, at the neck portion of IAs, SMCs accumulated underneath the internal elastic lamina according to disease progression and formed the intimal hyperplasia. As these SMCs were positive for a dedifferentiation marker, myosin heavy chain 10, and contained abundant mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, SMCs at the intimal hyperplasia were dedifferentiated and activated. Furthermore, dedifferentiated SMCs expressed some pro-inflammatory factors, suggesting the role in the formation of inflammatory microenvironment to promote the disease. Intriguingly, some SMCs at the intimal hyperplasia were positive for CD68 and contained lipid depositions, indicating similarity with atherosclerosis. We next examined a potential factor mediating dedifferentiation and recruitment of SMCs. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB was expressed in endothelial cells at the neck portion of lesions where high wall shear stress (WSS) was loaded. PDGF-BB facilitated migration of SMCs across matrigel-coated pores in a transwell system, promoted dedifferentiation of SMCs and induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes in these cells in vitro. Because, in a stenosis model of rats, PDGF-BB expression was expressed in endothelial cells loaded in high WSS regions, and SMCs present nearby were dedifferentiated, hence a correlation existed between high WSS, PDGFB and dedifferentiation in vivo. In conclusion, dedifferentiated SMCs presumably by PDGF-BB produced from high WSS-loaded endothelial cells accumulate in the intimal hyperplasia to form inflammatory microenvironment leading to the progression of the disease.
Re-evaluation of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in Portuguese elderly by qPCR increases carriage estimates and unveils an expanded pool of serotypes
Authors: Almeida Sónia T. , Pedro Tânia , Paulo A. Cristina , de Lencastre Hermínia , Sá-Leão Raquel
Published: May 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of infections worldwide. Disease is preceded by asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract. Classical culture-based methods (CCBM) suggest that colonization in the elderly is <5%. Recently, use of qPCR has challenged these observations. We estimated pneumococcal carriage prevalence and serotypes among Portuguese elderly using qPCR and compared results with those obtained by CCBM. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal paired samples (599 each) of individuals over 60 years living in nursing (n = 299) or family (n = 300) homes were screened for the presence of pneumococci by qPCR targeting lytA and piaB. Positive samples were molecular serotyped. Use of qPCR improved detection of pneumococci in oropharyngeal samples compared to CCBM: from 0.7% to 10.4% (p < 0.001) in the nursing home collection, and from 0.3% to 5.0% (p < 0.001) in the family home collection. No significant differences were observed between both methods in nasopharyngeal samples (5.4% vs. 5.4% in the nursing homes; and 4.3% vs. 4.7% in the family homes). Twenty-one serotypes/serogroups were detected by qPCR compared to 14 by CCBM. In conclusion, use of qPCR suggests that pneumococcal carriage in Portuguese elderly is approximately 10%, and unveiled a large pool of serotypes. These results are important to understand progression to disease and impact of pneumococcal vaccines in the elderly.
The effect of bone inhibitors on periosteum-guided cartilage regeneration
Authors: Hsiao Hui-Yi , Cheng Chao-Min , Kao Shu-Wei , Liu Jia-Wei , Chang Chun-Shin , Harhaus Leila , Huang Jung-Ju
Published: May 2020

The regeneration capacity of knee cartilage can be enhanced by applying periosteal grafts, but this effect varies depending on the different sources of the periosteal grafts applied for cartilage formation. Tibia periosteum can be used to enhance cartilage repair. However, long-term analysis has not been conducted. The endochondral ossification capacity of tibia periosteum during cartilage repair also needs to be investigated. In this study, both vascularized and non-vascularized tibia periosteum grafts were studied to understand the relationship between tissue perfusion of the periosteum graft and the effects on cartilage regeneration and bone formation. Furthermore, anti-ossification reagents were added to evaluate the efficacy of the prevention of bone formation along with cartilage regeneration. A critical-size cartilage defect (4 × 4 mm) was created and was covered with an autologous tibia vascularized periosteal flap or with a non-vascularized tibia periosteum patch on the knee in the rabbit model. A portion of the vascularized periosteum group was also treated with the anti-osteogenic reagents Fulvestrant and IL1β to inhibit unwanted bone formation. Our results indicated that the vascularized periosteum significantly enhanced cartilage regeneration in the cartilage defect region in long-term treatment compared to the non-vascularized group. Furthermore, the addition of anti-osteogenic reagents to the vascularized periosteum group suppressed bone formation but also reduced the cartilage regeneration rate. Our study using vascularized autologous tissue to repair cartilage defects of the knee may lead to the modification of current treatment in regard to osteoarthritis knee repair.
Author Correction: Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes
Authors: El-Faham Marwa H. , Gai Fatou , Igetei Joseph E. , Richter Sarah , Falcone Franco H. , Schramm Gabi , Doenhoff Michael J.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Characteristics and hazards of the cinnamaldehyde oxidation process
Authors: Yu Chang , Li Yuan-Lin , Liang Min , Dai Su-Yi , Ma Li , Li Wei-Guang , Lai Fang , Liu Xiong-Min
Published: May 2020

An explosion of the cinnamaldehyde oxidation process was observed and evaluated by MCPVT (mini closed pressure vessel test).
Light-switchable anchors on magnetized biomorphic microcarriers
Authors: Opel Julian , Rosenbaum Lisa-Catherine , Brunner Julian , Staiger Anne , Zimmermanns Ramon , Kellermeier Matthias , Gaich Tanja , Cölfen Helmut , García-Ruiz Juan-Manuel
Published: May 2020

Combining silica-biomorphs, magnetite mesocrystals and covalently bound spiropyrans into light-switchable microcarriers.
Correction: Changes in latent fingermark glyceride composition as a function of sample age using UPLC-IMS-QToF-MSE
Authors: Frick Amanda A. , Kummer Natalie , Moraleda Ana , Weyermann Céline
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Changes in latent fingermark glyceride composition as a function of sample age using UPLC-IMS-QToF-MSE’ by Amanda A. Frick, et al., Analyst, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0an00379d.
Paper-based fluorogenic RNA aptamer sensors for label-free detection of small molecules
Authors: Shafiei Fatemeh , McAuliffe Kathleen , Bagheri Yousef , Sun Zhining , Yu Qikun , Wu Rigumula , You Mingxu
Published: May 2020

A paper-based portable fluorogenic RNA sensor for the selective, sensitive, and rapid detection of target analytes.
Elastin-like recombinamers in collagen-based tubular gels improve cell-mediated remodeling and viscoelastic properties
Authors: Camasão Dimitria Bonizol , González-Pérez Miguel , Palladino Sara , Alonso Matilde , Rodríguez-Cabello José Carlos , Mantovani Diego
Published: May 2020

The partial substitution of collagen with elastin-like recombinamers in tubular gels improves cell-mediated remodeling, elastic moduli and strength during maturation.