bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening Rice Genotypes for Brown Spot Disease Resistance
Authors:   Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Prithu Technical College, Dang, Nepal, Dhungana Arati
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was conducted to screen 20 rice genotypes against brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae under natural epiphytotic field conditions at Bangaun, Dang, Nepal, from June 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Sawa Mansuli was taken as susceptible check and Sabitri as a resistant check in the experiment. Disease assessment was done by calculating disease severity and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Among the evaluated genotypes, disease severity and AUDPC varied in the field experiments. Rice genotypes showed the resistance to highly susceptible reactions based on AUDPC value which ranged from 88.51 to 260.65. Among the evalauted rice genotypes in the field experiment, the highest mean AUDPC value was recorded with Basmati (260.65) followed by Radha-13 (172.80) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (88.51). Similarly, the highest severity rate was recorded with Basmati (25.91) followed by Radha-13 (21.00) and Tilki (20.75) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (11.03) which was at par with Radha-4 (11.11) followed by Sukhadhan-1 (12.02) and Sabitri (12.06). The highest grain yield was recorded with Sarju-52 (4.32 t/ha) followed by Sabitri (4.19 t/ha). Grain yield was negatively correlated with mean AUDPC by 14.77%. Kathe Jhinuwa, Radha-4, and Sabitri can be used for higher grain yield purposes under similar field conditions and also can be utilized as the source of resistance in a plant breeding program.
Diet Selection of Heteracris littoralis in a Cultivated Environment, Mzab Valley, Septentrional Sahara, Algeria
Authors:   Laboratoire des Bio-ressources Sahariennes: Préservation et Valorisation, Département des Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre. Université Kasdi Merbah, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria / Département des Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre, Université de Ghardaïa, 47000 Ghardaïa, Algeria, Zergoun Youcef
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of a study on the diet of Heteracris littoralis in an agro-ecosystem at Mzab valley, Ghardaïa Province, Northern Sahara, Algeria. The diet was determined by the analysis of plant fragments in the feces of H. littoralis sampled in the field. The studied grasshopper consumed 12 of the 30 plant species found in the cultivated environment. The results showed that the locust predominantly fed on a few plants, such as Lagenaria siceraria and Solanum lycopersicum, although their diet includes over 12 plant species. Its food niche breadth was narrow (0.51), with a selectivity index of 0.61 for females, 0.52 for males and 0.42 for larvae. The plants consumed by the two sexes and larvae were not significantly different. This study suggests that Eyprepocnemidinae is a polyphagous grasshopper species, in spite of pronounced preference towards Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. This property results in a low Berger-Parker index value (0.24). Results are of great significance, increasing the understanding of insect herbivore feeding behavior and how to control the damage caused by this Orthoptera.
Pengantar Geofisika
Authors:   MIPA, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Syukri Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This introductory book on Geophysics was created to support teaching materials for basic subjects in the Geophysical Engineering Study Program, Physics Study Program, and related Study Programs in addition to other major books. This book introduces the basics of the earth and the structure of the earth, as well as the layers of the earth globally. Furthermore, it is also shown how the relationship between geophysics and other related branches of science within the sphere of geoscience. So that each scientific concept is clearly distinguished, although sometimes there is a very close relationship. In another section, various geophysical methods are described, starting from the basic theory, working principles, approaches and applications. All physical parameters that are applied from each discussion such as seismic method, geoelectric method and IP, gravity method, georadar method, and magnetic method. The hope is that this book can provide benefits for readers and enthusiasts of geoscience.
Impact of GDP, Inflation, Population Growth and FDI on Unemployment: A study on Bangladesh Economy
Authors: A. Janifar , N.A. Quazi , H. Tanvirul
Published: April 2021

Unemployment is a major problem in almost all of the countries of south Asia. Unemployment has become the consistent crucial problem in Bangladesh. Economic conditions, demographic structure, women contribution, movement of rural to urban are the major causes of unemployment in Bangladesh. Economic growth and unemployment have a negative relation in Bangladesh. This study is performed to see the impact of some crucial macroeconomic factors on the increasing growth rate of unemployment in Bangladesh. For conducting the study, data set of GDPs, inflation, population growth, FDI during the period of 1995-2019 of Bangladesh has been used. To find out the impact of inflation, economic growth, population growth and FDI on unemployment rate this study used the Augmented Dickey Fuller test for Unit Root to check whether variables are stationary or non-stationary. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Inflation, FDI are stationary on level and intercept and unemployment is stationary on first difference. From the augmented dicky fuller test, co linearity and co integration test, least square method it is observed that there is long run relationship exists among the factors and unemployment in Bangladesh. Economic factors like GDP and, FDI have significant influence on unemployment problem in Bangladesh. Theoretically there has a positive relation between unemployment and economic growth. Granger causality test confirms the unidirectional influences come from the unemployment rate to the economic factors as well. This study will help policy makers to modify policy to reduce the unemployment rate in Bangladesh.
Retorikken i Hitlers “Min Kamp”
Authors: Burke Kenneth
Published: April 2021

I 1939 udkom Hitlers ‘Mein Kampf’ i Amerika. Kenneth Burke tog bogen som en foræring til at analysere og gennemskue den nazistiske retorik, i modsætning til samtidens forargede kommentarer. Artiklen en en grundig gennemgang af de virkemidler og den strategi, Hitler brugte som ‘medicin’ for en frustreret og splittet tysk nationalisme; en ‘medicin’ der på én gang var korrumperet, ondskabsfuld – og effektiv. Med essayet viser Burke hvordan retorisk analyse kan give indsigt i også den ‘dårlige’ retorik.
Myten om den retoriske situation
Authors: Vatz Richard E.
Published: April 2021

Dette nummers klassiker er et fundamentalt opgør med Lloyd F. Bitzers banebrydende artikel “Den retoriske situation”. I “Myten om den retoriske situation” kritiserer Richard E. Vatz Bitzers situationelle retoriksyn for at vende forholdet mellem situation og retorik på hovedet. Ifølge Vatz er det retorik der skaber situationer, ikke omvendt. Vatz forfægter således et syn på retorik, hvor retorens mulighed og ansvar for at fortolke og skabe virkeligheden bliver det centrale. Oversat og med introduktion af Jonas Gabrielsen & Christina Pontoppidan
Den retoriske situation
Authors: Bitzer Lloyd F.
Published: April 2021

I 1968 skrev amerikaneren Lloyd F. Bitzer en artikel som forkastede den gængse opfattelse af retorikken som en ‘overbevisningens kunst’. En tale kan være nok så kunstfærdig og overbevisende, og dog ikke retorik, hævdede Bitzer. Det retoriske afhænger af om den konkrete situation rummer et problem som kalder på handling, og om taleren henvender sig til et publikum som er i stand til at formidle denne handling. Med en længe savnet præcision forankrede han således retorikken i realiteternes verden og gjorde den til en problemløsningens kunst. For første gang på dansk, oversat og med introduktion af Jens E. Kjeldsen
Characterization of N2 Plasma Treated Nano Composites Polymer Membranes
Authors:   Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India, Agrawal N. K. , Agarwal R. ,   Centre for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India, Vijay Y. K. ,   Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India., Swami K. C. ,   Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
Published: April 2021

Systematic study was carried out to characterize the effects of Nitrogen ion plasma on nano composite polymer membrane. Using solution casting and spin coating method, nano composite polymeric membranes in the range of 20 micron were prepared. Nitrogen ion plasma treatment was done for these membranes. Variable treatment time was used to modify the membrane surface and its characteristics. These membranes were characterized before plasma treatment and after plasma to make comparative study by different technique such as AFM, UV-Vis Spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show the Plasma treatment is a quite effective tool for improving the properties of composite membranes with unique characteristics. These results are discussed in this paper.
Discursive Heterogeneity in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman by Ernest J. Gaines
Authors: Tia Daniel
Published: April 2021

Various critics are interested in the aesthetic scope of literary discourse; those who are truly inscribed in that perspective, adopt varied approaches. Accordingly, countless meanings are given to the same literary texts. What is termed “discursive heterogeneity” in the current study is purely ideological and is about the implicit views entertained by colonists during and after colonial period, which are symbolically romanticized by African American writers as illustrated by Ernest J. Gaines in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (Note 1). That novel is a symbolic instance in which a double period, marked by distinctive ideological discourses, intertwine in a unified and dynamic way, thus creating a narrative harmony. The former differs from the latter by its unilateral characteristics, which imposes an exclusive submission upon Blacks and the latter is opposed to the former by its controversial ambivalence, granting restricted liberties to Blacks. Practically, Blacks are free without actually being free. A close glance at the type of communication prevailing between white colonists and black folks before the Proclamation of Freedom helps to discover its unilateralism (downward communication) and the post-Proclamation one is bi-dimensional (downward and upward communication). But between both preceding periods, there is the Proclamation of Freedom, whose message is more constraining and transcendental in the narrative universe. So, to learn more about that “discursive heterogeneity” and bring out its related meanings, this study leans on narrative semiotics. That methodological tool examines the discursive clues; particular attention is paid to Blacks’ evolution from the period before the Proclamation of Freedom up to the prevailing era after the Emancipation.
A Model for Determining Students’ and Teachers’ Perspectives on the Turkish 11th Grade English Language Curriculum in Terms of Achieved Learning Outcomes
Authors: Ocak Gürbüz , Karafil Burcu
Published: April 2021

In the current study, it was aimed to evaluate the Turkish 11th grade English language curricula implemented in Turkey in terms of achieved learning outcomes. In the study, case study model was employed. The data were obtained from 20 11th grade high school students and an English language teacher in the spring term of 2018-2019 academic year. “Learning Outcomes Questionnaire for Students” was prepared by the researchers in order to obtain data from the students to determine their self-efficacy perceptions about achieving the Turkish 11th grade English curriculum learning outcomes. The second data collection tool was “Learning Outcomes Questionnaire for Teachers”. This questionnaire was also prepared by the researchers for the teachers to determine teachers’ opinions about the degree that students achieved the learning outcomes. Open-ended questions were prepared and asked to the teacher to obtain the qualitative data Moreover, classroom observations were carried out during four weeks, and one class hour of observation was made per week. The findings of the study showed that the students’ self-efficacy perception on “Pronunciation” skill was at highest level (X = 3.68) while their perception on “Reading” skill was at lowest (X = 2.94). Similarly, the teacher’s mean score was at highest level for “Pronunciation” skill while it was lowest for “Reading” skill.
Textbook Reliance: Traditional Curriculum Dependence Is Symptomatic of a Larger Educational Problem
Authors: Scott Timothy , Husain Farhat N.
Published: April 2021

The complexities of adapting traditional educational courses to a virtual setting highlighted numerous inequalities within the current United States’ K12 school system. Students in low socioeconomic communities have suffered a more significant academic slide in core competencies due to poor lesson integration, online learning fatigue, poor learning environments, and low technological proficiency. Policymakers, believing achievement gaps result from teaching performance, have argued for additional academic controls that promote rigorous standardized instruction to reduce existing achievement gaps. However, a state-mandated textbook-driven curriculum that prioritizes test-taking strategies will only exasperate previous educational deficiencies. As numerous schools face significant financial constraints, technological and resource investment is severally limited, and teacher professional development is marginalized. Without appropriate tools or skills to adapt curriculum, classes devolve into simple rote-learning of textbook content lacking any semblance of differentiated instruction. Students in impoverished communities disassociate with taught content as textbooks lack a multicultural presentation; thus they perceive school environments as unwelcoming and hostile towards their lived-experiences. Performance-based funding through high-stakes accountability further incentifies underfunded schools to abandon student-centric learning designs and prioritize a textbook dependent ‘one-size-fits-few’ strategy to avoid sanctions to meet state benchmarks. While a return to traditional classroom instruction may signal a return to normal, without increased state funding, reduced emphasis on standardized testing, improved teacher professional development, and incorporation of multivoiced textbooks, a return to normal will additionally signal a return to existing educational inequalities in the US.
English Program Service Quality and Student Satisfaction at a Southern Chinese University
Authors: Guan Wenyu
Published: April 2021

This research paper explores the relationship between perceived service quality of a college English program and student satisfaction in a public university in Southern China. An action priority matrix was developed to aid administrators, at the departmental and school level, allocate limited resources to identified areas of priority. A convenience sample of 2954 first-year students from 18 departments volunteered to take a survey on attitudes related to aspects of the English program in the first semester, including views on the physical learning environment, institution, faculty, course content, and interaction/communication. Using the importance-performance analysis (IPA) technique, this study found that classroom environment was considered the most important for the English program, while instruction methods such as individual and group presentation were the least important. For service quality, the best performance was connected to instructors, while the most negative relates to social opportunities, grading, and instruction methods. This study also found that first-year students prioritized CET4 test-taking skills and knowledge in the classroom. Chinese developed Apps for English learning were considered ineffective platforms for English learning. Evidence shows that female students placed greater importance on classroom environment and facilities, while males emphasized more on learning technologies.
PERCEPÇÕES DE ENFERMEIROS E DOENTES SOBRE A ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO DIRETAMENTE OBSERVADO EM TUBERCULOSE
Authors: Távora Marune Melo , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal , Silva Fabiane Oliveira da
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os fatores intervenientes na adesão ao tratamento diretamente observado em tuberculose, na percepção de doentes e de enfermeiros de unidades básicas de saúde.Método: pesquisa qualitativa descritiva com participação de 13 enfermeiros e 52 doentes de 12 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Belém-Pará, Brasil. Para produção dos dados, realizaram-se entrevistas individuais, complementadas por observação não participativa. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática.Resultados: da análise emergiram duas categorias: Percepções sobre o tratamento diretamente observado de doentes e enfermeiros e Operacionalização do tratamento diretamente observado: aspectos positivos e limitantes.Conclusão: mesmo com as fragilidades apontadas, as unidades apresentam potencial para desenvolver a estratégia. Os enfermeiros são sensíveis à sua importância, mas necessitam de maior apoio institucional, e os doentes, quando bem esclarecidos, conseguem fazer uma boa adesão. Esse conhecimento pode proporcionar maior segurança para os enfermeiros na condução do acompanhamento aos pacientes.
Selbstmanagement – mit Coachingtools
Authors: Hanstein Thomas
Published: April 2021

Der Ratgeber wendet sich an Coachs und Klienten gleichermaßen: mit Tools aus der eigenen Coachingpraxis des Autors, Tipps zum weitergehenden Selbstcoaching oder auch zur Nachbereitung eines Coachingprozesses. Praktische Beispiele und anschauliche Visualisierungen empfohlener und weiterentwickelter Tools unterstützen methodisch und zielgerichtet das eigene Selbstmanagement. Die verbindende Klammer aller Einheiten liegt auf dem Ressourcenansatz.

Die Neuauflage reflektiert die Veränderungen in der Coachinglandschaft mit der Corona-Pandemie. Es finden sich neuartige Coaching-Formate: virtuelles und hybrides Coaching sowie Naturcoaching. Farbige Motive authentischer Hybrid- und Naturcoachingprozesse ergänzen die bisherigen Visualisierungen und leiten den Leser methodisch zum Selbstcoaching an.
The Injustice of Alienation
Authors: von Platz Jeppe ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2021

I articulate and defend a Rousseauvian theory of alienation and argue that thus construed non-alienation is a requirement of justice. On the Rousseauvian account, alienation is a process whereby social and economic conditions produce a particular sort of moral-psychological failure (alienated persons). Alienation is undesirable in itself, but it also makes the alienated person miserable, wicked, and unfree. Since our social and economic conditions are chosen, we should choose those that do not have these undesirable consequences.
A review of the powderpost beetle genera Xylothrips Lesne, 1901 and Calophagus Lesne, 1902 (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae: Xyloperthini)
Authors: Liu Lan-Yu
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews the genera Xylothrips Lesne, 1901 and Calophagus Lesne, 1902, and their species, and proposes that Calophagus should be reinstated as a full genus from a subgenus of Xylothrips (contra Borowski & Węgrzynowicz 2019). The genera and their included species are diagnosed and redescribed, and a summary of information on the distribution and biology of all species is provided. The importance of characters of the antennal club and pronotum in separating the two genera is stressed. A key to the two genera and the two species of Xylothrips is provided.
Never Been Busier Personal Reflections On My Lockdown Experiences
Authors: Cooper Andy
Published: April 2021

In March 2020 the UK entered Lockdown and across the country performances were cancelled. As a working magician, storyteller and prop maker I had to quickly change the way I worked to ensure I could pay the bills. This article is a personal look at my time during the spring and summer of 2019, how I was forced to move activity online, change performances to become Covid secure and embrace the changes caused by the lockdown. Along side the impact and changes I had to make are personal reflections on how the magic industry responded to the situation and how it may have to  change in the future.
An examination of the nature and necessity of feminist interpretation of the Holy Quran
Authors: Sharifi Muhammad
Published: April 2021

The Holy Quran, as the greatest source of Islam, has always been the origin for multiple interpretive attitudes throughout the history of Islam. The existence of Mūtashābīh (multivalent or ambiguous) verses in the Holy Quran has opened new room for the introduction of various approaches in the interpretation including social approach and Feminist interpretation as one of its examples. After a brief introduction of Islamic feminism, this essay elaborates on the most important principles of feminist interpretation in contrast to traditional or classic ones such as gender equality, equality of rights, avoiding patriarchalism, complete freedom of intellect in understanding the Quran, the principle of non-contradiction among various sections of the Quran, and etc. Finally, the above principles are evaluated and criticized upon different elements including non-patriarchal nature of traditional interpretations, true viewpoints of the Quran regarding the equality of rights and gender equality, invalidity of eisegesis or subjective interpretation and matriarchally oriented approaches of feminist thinkers in exegesis of the Quran.
Prerequisites for the formation of inclusive design in Russia
Authors: Uvarov Nikita
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the social and conceptual prerequisites for the formation of inclusive approaches towards design in Russia in the late XX century. The goal consists in determination and analysis of inclusive discourse in the USSR as an additional factor for the formation of modern inclusive practice in Russia. The article refers to the analysis of the Soviet theoretical heritage, which has developed similar issues since the 1920s. Brief overview is given to the genesis of available design in Europe, United States and Russia, specificity of popular inclusive concepts. The author explores the inclusive discourse in the USSR, which includes human-oriented ideas, concepts and approaches in the social sphere and design. The novelty consists in consideration of the works of Soviet theoreticians in the area of design in the context of modern inclusive approaches, which allowed characterizing the unique inclusive discourse in the USSR as an additional factor in adaptation of foreign inclusive methodology to the Russian realities; the new ideas for its development are introduced. The following conclusions are made: 1) the Soviet theory of design has developed sufficient grounds for the formation of the original inclusive concept with social process-oriented nature and operation on the level of functional ties; 2) In development of inclusive methodology, it is more effective to refer to any existing inclusive concepts adaptively, rather than mechanically, since the leading factor of adaptation lies in correspondence with the local sociocultural context; 3) for the Russian sociocultural context, most organic is the concept of universal design due to its international character and focus of delicate integration of various social groups.
The role of global NGOs advocating for human rights in world politics (on the example of the organization “Human Rights Watch”)
Authors: Naumov Alexander
Published: April 2021

The object of this research is an international organization “Human Rights Watch” that conducts and advocacy on human rights. The subject of this research is the activity of this international non-governmental organization since its establishment until 2020. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the history of creation of “Human Rights Watch”, the nature of its activity during the Cold War, the evolution of approaches towards the core issues in the area of human rights protection during the post-bipolar period; as well as analyzes the current campaigns of this international NGO. The methodological framework is comprised of the systemic, structural-functional, comparative-political approaches, methods of historicism, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and observation. For the first time in Russian historiography, leaning on the primary sources and relevant scientific literature, the role of international non-governmental organization advocating for human rights “Human Rights Watch” is analyzes within the system of global governance since its foundation until the present. In conclusion, the author indicates a sizable contribution of the organization “Human Rights Watch” alongside other NGOs advocating for human rights in solution of global issues; however notes that these actors of world politics as not utterly unbiased and neutral organizations. On the one hand, namely due to the activity of such organizations, the problem of the supremacy of law,  universal human rights and freedoms became one of the key concepts of international relations at the turn of centuries; but on the other hand, they are rightly criticized for prejudice, political bias, and double standards.
Theoretical approaches towards the steps of non-state actors in world politics: global para-diplomacy of the Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI)
Authors: Hussein Dalsooz Jalal
Published: April 2021

  This article presents a theoretical approach towards the global political steps of non-state actors. Particular attention is given to a number of theories of international relations, such as neorealism, international liberalism, and constructivism, which are able to encompass current global actions of non-state political actors. For a clearer perspective on the subject matter, the article employs the example of Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI); as a non-state actor, KRI has recently become a vivid example for the theories of international relations. The conclusion is made that security, economy, culture, religion and identity are the key and post powerful instruments of non-state actors of international politics. The example of KRI demonstrates that international relations of non-state actors focus on security, economy and culture, as well as serve as the instruments of interaction with both, state and non-state actors. The article reviews such activity within the framework of neorealism, international liberalism, and constructivism. It is underlines that the example of Iraqi Kurdistan (KRI) fully meets all the criteria of a non-state actor of international politics. It is also a brilliant example for the theories of international relations.  
Approaches of the states towards sexual violence in the conditions of armed conflict: key contradictions in development of a coherent position on the United Nations agenda
Authors: Bokeriya Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Andronova Anastasiia Romanovna , Dvurechenskii Maksim Alekseevich , Dovo phasilas Masxime , Li Valerii , Nghiem Ba Tci
Published: April 2021

As a separate issue, sexual violence in the context of armed conflict was first brought to the agenda in 2008; and has been regularly submitted to a discussion of the UN Security Council due to the fact that the acts of violence turned into a tactic of war and/or terrorism. Despite the global scale of the problem. Its significance in the context of peacekeeping and security, the topic at hand becomes another “fault line” in intergovernmental relations, causing a growing number of contradictions. This research aims to determine the key points in of divergence in the positions of UN member-states on the topic and their causes. The methods of applied quantitative analysis were used for calculating the differences in the countries’ approaches towards the problematic in percentage correlation. The analysis relies on the voting results of the state regarding the resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council and materials of the sessions of the UN Security Council, including declarations made by the states during open debates. The author indicates the escalation of contradictions, as well as notes that the position of the states on the issue of sexual violence during armed conflict is based not only on the political and economic prerequisites, but also on ethno-confessional peculiarities of the countries. The article also attempts to determine the coalitions of like-minded countries.
The content of competitive strategy for achieving leadership among employees with different perfectionist orientation
Authors: Tuzlukova Alisa Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the results of research on the content of competitive strategy for achieve the goal of “leadership” among employees due to distinct manifestation of perfectionist orientation. The subject of this research is the competitive strategy for achieving leadership among persons with different degree of perfectionist orientation of personality; while the object is the perfectionist orientation of employees. The empirical object includes 142 employed persons (112 women, and 30 men). The author reviews perfectionist orientation as a set of personal motives and attitudes, which consistently manifest in various types of activity in pursuit of perfection due to high expectations from the others, received from others, as well as imposed on themselves, which can contribute to achieving competitive goals. The author determines the peculiarities of content of competitive strategy among persons with the following perfectionist orientation: self-orientation, orientation towards others, and orientation towards social prescriptions; determine their primary goals of their competitive strategy, including the mutual goal for all groups – the “leadership” and strategic elements for its achievement. It is established that development of the strategy on achieving the goal of “leadership” in among the persons with perfectionist self-orientation is substantiated by the desire of security and fight for the leadership in the team. In an attempt to reach the same goal, the persons with perfectionist orientation towards others focus their strategy on the client and demonstrate a tendency to fight for achieving their goal. The competitive strategy of the persons with perfectionist orientation towards social prescriptions is supported by motivational component along in form of external negative motivation of the activity. The novelty of this work consists in comprehensive examination of each element of the competitive strategy of persons with various types of perfectionist orientation in achieving the goal of “leadership”.
Tourism discourse: linguosemiotic peculiarities of functionality of paremias
Authors: Seregina Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this article is the determination and analysis of linguosemiotic peculiarities of functionality of phraseological units of syntactic level in the tourism discourse. The object of this article is the Russian and German paroemias as a hyperonym in relation to proverbs, proverbial expressions and sententious sayings. These set phrases have grammatical structure of the sentence and are used in the literal and figurative sense. The goal of this research is to determine and analyze the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic peculiarities of implementation of paroemias in guidebooks and brochures in the Russian and German languages, which demonstrate ethnocultural specificity of the peoples. The author employs interdisciplinary approach, which is substantiated by active use of the scientific category “tourism discourse" in different sciences. The main conclusion consists in the presence of linguosemiotic peculiarities of the functionality of paremias in guidebooks and brochures. Using the analysis of lexical-semantic structure of the Russian and German paremias, the author determines the semantic dominants of paremiological representation of the concepts of tourism discourse in the Russian and German linguocultures that contain ethnocultural stereotypical representations of the peoples on traveling; and this defines the author’s special contribution. The novelty lies in proving fact that the functionality of paremias in the language of guidebooks and brochures has syntactic peculiarities that are revealed in their integration into the context for cohesiveness of the tourism discourse. Pragmatic peculiarities are determined by the choice of strategies and tactics aimed at drawing attention of the tourists and increasing interest in the services rendered.
Explication of axiological component of the Japanese folkloreme Issun-bōshi in the English versions of eponymous fairy tale
Authors: Krasnova Vasilina Yur'evna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is actualization of the value component of Japanese culture on the periphery of the original Japanese folkloreme “Issun-bōshi” in the nine English-language versions of eponymous fairy tale. The article examines the methods of verbal explication on the discourse level through the dialogues, descriptions, and events of the original Japanese fairy tale and its English interpretations. The author determines seven axiological characteristics of the Japanese folkloreme, such as acceptance, dependence, modesty, service, etc. It is demonstrated how depending on the dialogues and descriptions in different versions of the Japanese folk tale, the value orientations of Japanese culture are explicated inalterably or adjusted to the perceptions of the author of English version. The conducted research reveals the specificity of one culture through another language and culture, as well as variability of presentation of the value orientations, attitudes, and preferences through the prism of mentality and values of the author of the foreign-language version. The following axiological components of Japanese folkloreme were determined: designated environment; love and acceptance; service to the emperor; family ties; modesty; spiritual beauty; and the folkloreme of magic gavel. The author carries out a comparative analysis of explication of the Japanese folkloreme in different English versions of the fairy tale; reveals the axiological components explicated in the text of Issun-bōshi and the differences in value orientations described in the English versions of the fairy tale.
The Indian Antelope Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) Appropriate Contender for Domestication could add in Human Society
Authors: Prasad Suday , Sohane Ravindra Kumar , Jha Anil , Ahmad Reyaz
Published: April 2021

The domestication of animals was part of a major transformation in the way of life of an increasing number of human societies with deep social and spiritual changes. In the present study, we report about utility of Nilgai and the values of its products and how it can add variety in our diet. Domestication of Nilgai may prove as an outstanding diet (veal and juveniles) for human and domesticated carnivores it may be the most important achievements that man-made in his cultural history. It is very useful and has many kinds of beneficial mutualism with man exists. We also prerequisite to reconnoiter biological functions, importance, and distinctiveness of products viz milk, meat, leather and body parts such as skin, teeth, nail and other product in addition to transportation and export, because of their size and powerful appearance. The meat of Nilgai is said to be lighter and milder flavored than that of blackbuck meat. A domesticated animal such as livestock plays a vital role in diversified farming systems because food and recycling of nutrients through the farm are well proven. Nilgai appears to have different color which occurs during the developmental stage, like a fawn, juveniles and adults. Few Nilgai showed some docility behavior in nature subsequently that sighs of taming towards domestication. Nilgai may prove a higher status than other domestic animals when it comes to success in domestication. The Nilgai dwelling near the human habitation in proximity to a close distance in anthropogenic and share with its habitat and graze food and fodders with domestic herbivore mammals like goat, buffalos’ and cow in the periphery of the village’s areas. The domestication of Nilgai corresponds to a pivotal change in history not only of humanity but also of the biosphere.
Literature Review: Best Practices of Principal’s Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance
Authors: Yulyanti Suci , Hasanah Enung
Published: April 2021

The style or way of a principal in leading an organization greatly determines teachers' performance under his leadership. This study aims to assess the principal's leadership style, which can improve teacher performance. This research uses literature review research. The writings reviewed in this study are articles with the keywords of principal leadership, leadership best practices and teacher performance. This study uses 15 articles published in the 2010-2020 period. In the data analysis process, we conducted an analysis of leadership styles that have succeeded in increasing teacher competence based on the results of previous studies. This study shows that (1) principals who apply a leadership style that can provide motivation and provide change for their subordinates are proven to improve an educator's performance. (2) principals who apply democratic, responsible and managerial leadership styles can improve teacher performance (3) principals who apply leadership styles that are comfortable, conducive and skilled at work can improve teacher performance. (4) principals who apply a leadership style that is skilled in solving problems and influencing their subordinates in terms of kindness are proven to increase educators' performance. (5) Leaders who have a clear vision and mission that are strong, have hope, protect, encourage, and guide their subordinates to do work according to their duties and functions, this leadership style can improve educators' performance.
Expression of Phosphofructokinase-1 Gene in Streptozotocinized Diabetic Rats Fed Fermented and Non-Fermented Maize Diets
Authors: Nze Chukwudi , Ebuehi Osaretin Albert Taiwo
Published: April 2021

Aim: This nutrigenomic research study is to investigate the impact of fermented maize (FM) and non-fermented maize (N-FM) diets on the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) gene in a diabetic state.

Methodology: The rats were equally grouped into four for the subsequent two weeks after acclimatization; Group 1 contained streptozotocinized-diabetic rats fed with FM diet (DFM), Group 2 contained streptozotocinized-diabetic rats fed with N-FM diet (DNM), Group 3 contained the normal control rats fed with standard rodent chow (NCG) and Group 4 contained diabetic control rats fed with standard rodent chow (DCG). The total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity (in vitro) of the maize diets were analyzed.

Results: Rats fed the N-FM diet had higher concentration of phenols (73.20±0.9 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (82.83±1.02 mg/100 g). The in vitro antioxidant assay showed a statistically significant difference between the FM and N-FM diets (p<0.05). After the two weeks period, animals were sacrificed and blood samples obtained for blood chemistry and lipid profile tests. The livers were harvested for antioxidant activity and gene expression assay. The antioxidant assay showed no statistically significant difference among all groups, as well as the blood chemistry and lipid profile. The gene expression assay carried out using two-step Real-time qPCR, showed that PFK-1 gene was more expressed in the DFM group when compared to the DNM and DCG groups.

Conclusion: The FM diet enhanced the expression of PFK-1 gene in streptozotocinized-diabetic rats.
Modeling Study on the Impact of Mold Thickness on Strip Warpage of a Molded Leadframe Package
Authors: Talledo Jefferson
Published: April 2021

Strip warpage is a common problem in molded leadframe packages. When warpage becomes excessive, the strip could not be processed as it would result in the strip being stuck or damaged during loading to the handling machine loader. This study focuses on the impact of mold cap thickness on strip warpage of a molded Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) package to provide guidance in reducing the strip warpage to an acceptable level. Different mold thickness values were considered in the modeling using finite element analysis (FEA). Results showed that there is an optimum mold thickness, which is around 1.0 mm for 0.20 mm leadframe thickness and 0.65 mm for 0.125 mm leadframe thickness, that gives the lowest warpage in the case considered. The optimum mold cap thickness is lower for thinner leadframe. At mold thickness lower than the optimum value, warpage is in “frowning” mode and increases as the package gets thinner and this agrees with actual observations. This study shows that mold cap thickness has significant impact on molded strip warpage and could be assessed using FEA. Therefore, controlling the mold cap thickness could now be considered an option to reduce strip warpage in molded semiconductor packages as supported by modeling.
Cubosomes Dispersions as Enhanced Indomethacin Oral Delivery Systems: In vitro and Stability Evaluation
Authors: Alfagih Iman M. , AlQuadeib Bushra , Aldosari Basmah , Almurshedi Alanood , Badran Mohamed M. , Eltahir Eram , Alnakhli Khadijh A.
Published: April 2021

Aims: To improve the dissolution of indomethacin through developing liquid indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersion for oral delivery.

Methodology: Glyceryl monooleate based indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersion were prepared using Taguchi design to study the effect of indomethacin to the disperse phase ratio and poloxamer 407 (PLX%) concentrations on the particle size and entrapment efficiency (%EE). Furthermore, in vitro release in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and morphology were investigated. Also, the stability of indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions was examined after 6 months storage at 25°C in the dark.

Results: The prepared indomethacin cubosomes dispersions were in the nanoscale (184.53±0.7 to 261.33±0.8 nm) with reasonable %EE (49.30±2.6 to 95.55±3.4 %). Moreover, a biphasic release profile was predominant for all formulations, up to 50% of payload released after 2h followed by a second continuous sustained release phase over 24h. The kinetics of indomethacin release was best explained by Higuchi model and the mechanism of drug release from these cubosomes dispersions was by fickian diffusion mechanism. In general, the indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions were stable after 6 months storage at 25°C in the dark.

Conclusion: Indomethacin loaded cubosomes dispersions proved to be a successful platform to encapsulate and enhance the release of indomethacin with a good stability profile over 6 months.
Antipyretic activity of Nilavembu Kudineer – A Siddha System of Medicine
Authors: Sukkur Asali Ahamed  Abdul , Samuel Anbu Jeba Sunilson John , Vimala Anita Gnana Kumari Anpumoni , Ravichandran Shankar
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the antipyretic activity of Nilavembu kudineer against yeast induced pyrexia in Albino rats.

Study Design: Experimental study

Place and Duration: Research lab, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India and KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia between March 2018 and July 2019.

Methodology: The Nilavembu kudineer powder was extracted by using acetone, methanol and aqueous solvents. The acute toxicity study was carried on swiss albino mice using acetone, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Nilavembu kudineer. From this, the LD50 value was determined and 1/10th of the LD50 value was taken as ED50 value and selected for the antipyretic studies. The Pyrexia was induced by 20% suspension of Brewers’ yeast at a dose level of 20 mg/kg on Albino rats. The test extracts (200mg/kg), Standard Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) and control saline vehicle were administered orally. The phytochemical parameters such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipid, oil, amino acid, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavones, flavanones and alkaloids were tested using standard procedures. Statistical analysis, the values were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dennett’s test.

Results: LD50 value of various extracts of Nilavembu kudineer was 2000 mg/kg and 1\10th of ED50 as 200 mg/kg was selected for screening of various pharmacological activities. The treatment with methanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer at a dose of 200mg/kg significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated rectal temperature after 2 hr of administration. Yeast-instigated pyrexia rodents had been controlled with Nilavembu kudineer at a dose of 200 mg/kg to decide the Tamil traditional claim about this plant for its antipyretic property.

Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer (200 mg/kg) possess potent fever reducing agent in various types of fever. The phytoconstituents such as Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins and Phenolic compounds may be responsible for controlling the elevation of body temperature.
Primary Health Care Physician’s Role in Return to Work after Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murad Manal , Almuhaysin Sultan , Alkhatem Ahmed , Alsharif Azzam , Afif Samaher , AlJafen Ahmad , Alamri Raad , Alsulami Sultan , Arishi Khaled , Al-Aqeel Suliman , Aljohani Raed
Published: April 2021

Cancer is considered one of the most debilitating diseases as it affects all aspects of patients' life. One of the most neglected aspects is the ability to return to work during or after cancer treatment. General practitioners were considered the most common visited physicians after cancer treatment. However, their role in this critical problem to cancer patients is not well established. That is why we have done this review to investigate the role of general practitioners and primary health care in cancer care and how it should be reinforced. Six databases were searched using specific search terms. We included any study that assessed the role of general practitioners to help cancer patients return to work. In addition, we included studies that assessed the difficulties towards the integration of general physicians into the plan of care of cancer patients. The studies were assessed for the quality of evidence using the NIH quality assessment tool before being included for the review. Seven studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and had passed the quality assessment to be included for the qualitative evidence synthesis. Based on these studies, the patients reported the lack of support from the general practitioners in the primary health care, and they found the attitude of the general practitioners not encouraging to ask for support from them. For general practitioners, they acknowledged their lack of support towards cancer patients and they needed more resources so they can counsel the patient regarding their work environment. General practitioners lacked the necessary knowledge and resources required to help patients to get back to their workplace. More plans are required to help them understand the problems of cancer survivors so they can counsel them properly.
Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol Management
Authors: Edmondson Scott D. , Burnett Duane A. , Davis Harry R.
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the United States and the industrialized world. The principal components of CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure, and congenital heart disorders. Atherosclerosis, the chronic inflammatory arterial wall disease associated with the deposition of cholesterol into arterial plaques and hardening of the arteries, is a major contributor to CHD and is the principal cause of heart attacks and stroke. The risk factor most closely associated with a higher incidence of CHD is serum cholesterol levels. This report summarizes efforts in the pharmaceutical industry to manage cholesterol levels to reduce risk for CHD due to atherosclerosis.