bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating, Implementing and Funding Regenerative Urban Design in a Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Built Environment: A Reading Through Selected UN Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal
Authors: Andreucci Maria Beatrice , Marvuglia Antonino
Published: June 2021

Before the world was impacted by COVID-19, progress towards the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was already uneven, and a more focused attention was needed in most SDGs’ target areas. The pandemic abruptly disrupted plans and efforts towards urban transition, in some cases reverting decades of progress. The concept of resilience changed in 2020 and having to face severe health issues combined with increased socio-economic challenges in a climate change scenario, cities must urgently explore on how best to combine environmental goals with economic recovery and social justice, modifying on-going plans and initiatives, while re-arranging priorities. Acknowledging the impact that the pandemic will produce, for the years to come, on processes and initiatives towards a regenerative economy, this contribution describes most recent strategies aimed at urban transition in Europe, and critically discusses available options with respect to implementation and funding, within the framework of selected UN SDGs. Our conclusions challenge the ability of our modern society to put in practice the needed urgent actions, and call for a paradigm shift to prepare Europe to deal with climate disruptions, activate transition to a healthy and prosperous future within the planetary boundaries, and scale up solutions that will trigger transformations for the benefit of people and the environment.
The Application of Urban Building Energy Modeling in Urban Planning
Authors: Hao Shimeng , Hong Tianzhen
Published: June 2021

Urban energy planning plays an essential role in guiding human settlements, from a neighborhood scale to a megacity scale, to a sustainable future. It is particularly challenging to integrate energy planning into the urban planning process, considering the urban system’s complexity, multi-objective decision making, and multi-stakeholder involvement. In this context, recent years have witnessed a significant development of urban building energy modeling (UBEM). With a trend toward performance-based urban planning, there is a rising need to introduce proper UBEM tools into the different planning phases. The main objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the UBEM tools across different urban planning phases, as well as to discuss to what extent these tools could provide decision-making support to stakeholders. The chapter starts with a brief discussion on emerging energy-related issues in urban development and why the conventional planning approach needs the integration of modeling tools to provide a quantitative evaluation to better respond to these new challenges. The state of the art of UBEM also is reviewed, followed by a description of the applications and limitations in different planning phases. Finally, several challenges and opportunities regarding energy-modeling-assistance urban planning are discussed.
Adaptation to Climate Change as a Key Dimension of Urban Regeneration in Europe: The Cases of Copenhagen, Vienna, and Madrid
Authors: De Gregorio Hurtado Sonia
Published: June 2021

Urban regeneration emerged during the 1990s as a policy area aimed at addressing urban decay through a novel approach to overcoming the limitations rooted in physical sectoral transformation. From that point on, a number of integrating mechanisms and relevant topics have emerged in this field, aimed at resolving current urban problems. At this juncture, when climate change has now been recognized as one of the most pressing urban challenges, urban regeneration needs to integrate adaptation to climate change as a crucial basis for action toward resilient urban transformation. This study springs from the recognition of the relevance of this policy approach, the analysis of which is undertaken focusing on three European cities – Copenhagen, Vienna, and Madrid – to understand whether and how the three municipalities are currently integrating adaptation to climate change within their urban regeneration programs. This objective is addressed through a mixed qualitative methodology that uses the case study approach to analyze the policy process, drivers, and obstacles that are fostering or limiting that vision in each local context. The research responds to the questions posed, showing the transformative capacity of integrating adaptation explicitly in the “common” regeneration practice of municipalities, the relevance of the development of local capacity as a crucial element for that, and other main factors that enable cities to advance or keep rooted in “traditional practices.”
Business Value Disadvantaged
Authors: Hannay Jo Erskine
Published: June 2021

Despite the current emphasis on benefit in stakeholders’ minds, there is still a focus on cost management when it comes down to the day-to-day work in modern software development. This works counter to underlying assumptions in modern development methodology. We motivate a more deliberate approach to benefits management during development, but it is the combination of cost and benefits management that saves the day.
Benefit Points – An Overview
Authors: Hannay Jo Erskine
Published: June 2021

We give a nontechnical overview of the main techniques in this book. It all starts with providing benefit estimates in the form of benefit points. Combining benefit estimates and cost estimates produces a benefit-cost index, with which one can order and reorder backlogs. Benefit points also offer a way to monitor and control the construction of beneficial functionality, not just the amount of functionality. Benefit points and size points can be instantiated with monetary values that reflect bad, most likely, and good case scenarios based on uncertainty assessments.
Earned Business Value Management
Authors: Hannay Jo Erskine
Published: June 2021

It is time to move on to construction time. This is when epics are distributed to releases and scheduled for further detailing. We use benefit estimates and cost estimates to monitor and adjust this scheduling. We will take an existing practice for cost management and use it for benefit management and benefit/cost management: we adapt what is called earned value management to what we call earned business value management.
Introduction
Authors: Weijnen Margot , Lukszo Zofia , Farahani Samira
Published: June 2021

The energy transition is an unprecedented challenge for the world. It is unprecedented in its global ambition and in its complexity. In the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development it is formulated as ‘Achieving Sustainable Energy for All’.
The Hidden Dimension of the Energy Transition: Religion, Morality and Inclusion—A Plea for the (Secular) Sacred
Authors: Verkerk Maarten J. , Hoogland Jan
Published: June 2021

This chapter explores the energy transition from a philosophical perspective. We argue that there is a hidden dimension in the current discussions about sustainability. This hidden dimension can be found first of all in the fact that phenomena such as the denial of global warming, the rise of populism and the increase in social contradictions are not seen in their context. At a fundamental level, it appears that all these phenomena are characterized by broken connections: man no longer feels connected with the Transcendent, the human being and the planet. On the basis of the above analysis, we outline some action perspectives. We conclude that the energy transition not only requires addressing technological, economic, social and legal problems, but that moral and religious aspects must also be discussed. Because it is precisely religious or moral values that motivate and inspire people to strive for an inclusive energy transition and release a lot of creative energy.
Minimal Dark Matter bound states at future colliders
Authors: Bottaro Salvatore , Strumia Alessandro , Vignaroli Natascia
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The hypothesis that Dark Matter is one electroweak multiplet leads to predictive candidates with multi-TeV masses that can form electroweak bound states. Bound states with the same quantum numbers as electroweak vectors are found to be especially interesting, as they can be produced resonantly with large cross sections at lepton colliders. Such bound states exist e.g. if DM is an automatically stable fermionic weak 5-plet with mass M ≈ 14 TeV such that the DM abundance is reproduced thermally. In this model, a muon collider could resolve three such bound states. Production rates are so large that details of DM spectroscopy can be probed with larger statistics: we compute the characteristic pattern of single and multiple γ lines.
An architecture governance approach for Agile development by tailoring the Spotify model
Authors: Salameh Abdallah , Bass Julian M.
Published: June 2021

The role of software architecture in large-scale Agile development is important because several teams need to work together to release a single software product while helping to maximise teams’ autonomy. Governing and aligning Agile architecture across autonomous squads (i.e., teams), when using the Spotify model, is a challenge because the Spotify model lacks practices for addressing Agile architecture governance. To explore how software architecture can be governed and aligned by scaling the Spotify model, we conducted a longitudinal embedded case study in a multinational FinTech organisation. Then, we developed and evaluated an approach for architectural governance by conducting an embedded case study. The collected data was analysed using Thematic Analysis and informed by selected Grounded Theory techniques such as memoing, open coding, constant comparison, and sorting. Our approach for architectural governance comprises an organisational structure change and an architecture change management process. The benefits reported by the practitioners include devolving architectural decision-making to the operational level (i.e., Architecture Owners), enhancing architectural knowledge sharing among squads, minimising wasted effort in architectural refactoring, and other benefits. The practitioners in our case study realised an improved squad autonomy by the ability to govern and align architectural decisions. We provide two key contributions in this paper. First, we present the characteristics of our proposed architectural governance approach, its evaluation, benefits, and challenges. Second, we present how the novel Heterogeneous Tailoring model was enhanced to accommodate our architectural governance approach.
Toroidal b-divisors and Monge–Ampère measures
Authors: Botero Ana María , Gil José Ignacio Burgos
Published: June 2021

We generalize the intersection theory of nef toric (Weil) b-divisors on smooth and complete toric varieties to the case of nef b-divisors on complete varieties which are toroidal with respect to a snc divisor. As a key ingredient we show the existence of a limit measure, supported on a balanced rational conical polyhedral space attached to the toroidal embedding, which arises as a limit of discrete measures defined via tropical intersection theory on the polyhedral space. We prove that the intersection theory of nef Cartier b-divisors can be extended continuously to nef toroidal Weil b-divisors and that their degree can be computed as an integral with respect to this limit measure. As an application, we show that a Hilbert–Samuel type formula holds for big and nef toroidal Weil b-divisors.
Digital templating for the implantation of a curved short hip stem with an anterolateral MIS approach shows gender differences in digital templating
Authors: Luger Matthias , Hochgatterer Rainer , Klotz Matthias C. , Hipmair Günter , Gotterbarm Tobias , Schauer Bernhard
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Digital templating shows reliable accuracy for straight stem systems. In recent years, the implantation of short stems through minimally invasive approaches has gained more popularity. Minimally invasive approaches (MIS) show the risk of undersizing femoral components. Therefore, we questioned the planning adherence for a curved short stem and a bi-hemispherical acetabular cup implanted through an anterolateral MIS approach.

Methods

A consecutive series of 964 hips (index surgery between 2014 and 2019) with Fitmore® curved short stem and Allofit/-S® acetabular cup (both ZimmerBiomet Inc, Warsaw, IN) were included. Preoperative digital templating was conducted anterior–posterior (AP) digital radiographs of the hip using mediCAD® version 5.1 (Hectec GmbH, Altdorf, Germany). The templates of acetabular and femoral components (offset option and stem size) were retrospectively evaluated for general adherence, and according to sex, BMI and planner’s experience.

Results

Planning adherence for the exact offset option was 70.6 and 21.6% for exact offset option and stem size. Adherence for acetabular cup  ± 1 size was 74.8%. A significant difference between male and female patients for the offset option could be found (p = 0.03, z = −2983). In 22.5% of male patients, an offset option one size higher and in 12.3% of female patients an offset option one size smaller than templated was used intraoperatively

Conclusion

Digital templating for the Fitmore® stem in cementless THA with a minimally invasive anterolateral approach shows comparable planning adherence to the existing literature for this cementless short stem. However, a lower planning adherence was detected compared to conventional straight stem systems. In male patients, the femoral offset is frequently undersized and in female patients frequently oversized compared to the preoperative plan. Surgeons should be aware of this difficulty in digital templating for Fitmore® hip stem.
Long-term oncologic outcomes of transanal TME compared with transabdominal TME for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moon Jae Young , Lee Min Ro , Ha Gi Won
Published: June 2021

Background

Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) appears to have favorable surgical and pathological outcomes. However, the evidence on survival outcomes remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to compare long-term oncologic outcomes of TaTME with transabdominal TME for rectal cancer.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Data were pooled, and overall effect size was calculated using random-effects models. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local and distant recurrence.

Results

We included 11 nonrandomized studies that examined 2,143 patients for the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between the two groups in OS, DFS, and local and distant recurrence with a RR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.39–1.09, I2 = 0%), 0.79 (95% CI 0.57–1.10, I2 = 0%), 1.14 (95% CI 0.44–2.91, I2 = 66%), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.40–1.41, I2 = 0%), respectively.

Conclusion

In terms of long-term oncologic outcomes, TaTME may be an alternative to transabdominal TME in patients with rectal cancer. Well-designed randomized trials are warranted to further verify these results.
Mental disorders among adults formerly in out-of-home care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Seker Süheyla , Boonmann Cyril , Gerger Heike , Jäggi Lena , d’Huart Delfine , Schmeck Klaus , Schmid Marc
Published: June 2021

While children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3–17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6–66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33–2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.
Coronary artery bypass grafting under sole Impella 5.0 support for patients with severely depressed left ventricular function
Authors: Katahira Shintaro , Sugimura Yukiharu , Mehdiani Arash , Assmann Alexander , Rellecke Philipp , Tudorache Igor , Boeken Udo , Aubin Hug , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam
Published: June 2021

Selection of the ideal surgical procedure for coronary revascularization in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction at times may represent a challenge. In recent years, with the advent of surgical large microaxial pumps, e.g., Impella 5.0 (Abiomed Inc., Boston, USA), specific support and effective unloading of the left ventricle has become available. In the interventional field, good results have been achieved with smaller microaxial pumps in the setting of so-called protected percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, we would like to share our early experience with surgical coronary revascularization under the sole support of Impella 5.0, omitting the use of heart–lung machine in three cases of severe cardiac dysfunction due to complex ischemic heart disease. Effective circulatory support intraoperatively and postoperatively speaks in favor of this technique in selected patients.
Creation and provision of a question and answer resource for esophageal cancer based on medical professionals’ reports of patients’ and families’ views and preferences
Authors: Toh Yasushi , Inoue Yoji , Hayakawa Masayo , Yamaki Chikako , Takeuchi Hiroya , Ohira Masaichi , Matsubara Hisahiro , Doki Yuichiro , Wakao Fumihiko , Takayama Tomoko
Published: June 2021

Background

In the rapidly-progressing healthcare environment, it is essential to improve treatment quality through continuous clarification of the needs and concerns of esophageal cancer patients and their families. Effective collaboration between information providers and academic associations could help make such clarified information available.

Methods

We analyzed esophageal cancer patients’ views and preferences (PVPs) using data that were previously obtained from medical staff in Japan. Based on these PVPs, we created a question and answer (Q&A) resource through collaboration with the Cancer Information Service in Japan (CISJ) and the Japan Esophageal Society (JES).

Results

Regarding esophageal cancer, “diet and eating behavior” was the most frequent PVP mentioned by patients and their families, followed by “treatment-related symptoms and adverse effects” and “daily life, recuperation, and survivorship.” These PVPs were noted by a wide variety of medical specialties. By analyzing the PVPs, the CISJ developed 11 proposed questions and sent them to the JES, which then created answers based on evidence and clinical–practice-associated consensus. The resultant Q&A resource was uploaded to the CISJ website with mutual linkage to the JES website.

Conclusions

This study showed the usefulness of collecting esophageal–cancer-related PVPs from medical staff and fostering successful collaboration between a cancer-information provider and an academic association. This arrangement may represent a model case for developing a sustainable system that can satisfactorily respond to PVPs regarding other cancers and/or issues.
Multi-modality assessment and role of left atrial function as an imaging biomarker in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Alfuhied Aseel , Kanagala Prathap , McCann Gerry P. , Singh Anvesha
Published: June 2021

The left atrium (LA) plays a vital role in maintaining normal cardiac function. LA volume and function have been utilised as important imaging biomarkers, with their prognostic value demonstrated in multiple cardiac conditions. More recently, there has been a sharp increase in the number of publications utilising LA strain by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. However, little is known about its prognostic value or reproducibility as a technique. In this review, we aim to highlight the conventional and novel imaging techniques available for LA assessment, using echocardiography and CMR, their role as an imaging biomarker in cardiovascular disease, the reproducibility of the techniques and the current limitations to their clinical application. We identify a need for further standardisation of techniques, with establishment of ‘normal’ cut-offs before routine clinical application can be made.
Biorefining: the role of endoglucanases in refining of cellulose fibers
Authors: Nagl Martin , Haske-Cornelius Oskar , Skopek Lukas , Pellis Alessandro , Bauer Wolfgang , Nyanhongo Gibson Stephen , Guebitz Georg
Published: June 2021

With an annual production of more than 400 million tons, paper is the main product of the largest biorefinery process industrially implemented. Enzymes have been used for pulp refining to dramatically reduce energy consumption. However, exact mechanisms related to the individual enzymes are hardly understood. Yet, this knowledge would be important to predict enzyme performance in industrial processes. Three commercial refining enzyme formulations showed different endoglucanase (1.25 nkat mg−1–13.7 nkat mg−1), β-glucosidase (0.57 nkat mg−1–1.34 nkat mg−1) and xylanase activities (1.78 nkat ml−1–62.1 nkat mg−1) on model substrates. Additionally, distinct amounts of reducing sugars from hardwood sulfate pulp were released. Endoglucases were purified from each formulation by using hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography and showed molecular weights from 20 to 55 kDa and specific activities ranging between 3.11 and 26.3 nkat mg−1according to endoglucanase specific derivatized cellopentaose (CellG5). Refining trials of hardwood sulfate pulp were conducted using a PFI laboratory mill and fiber properties such as degree of refining or fiber length and properties of formed sheets like tensile index were monitored. Thereby, enzymes were dosed based on identical endoglucanase activity on CellG5. Enzyme formulations and purified endoglucanases led to an increase of the degree of refining of up to 47.9 [°SR] at 6000 PFI revolutions while the tensile index was improved by up to 76.0 Nm g−1. In summary, refining effects can be primarily attributed to endoglucanases indicating activity on CellG5 being a suitable parameter for enzyme dosing.
The Role of Social Skills in Predicting Treatment-Recovery in Children with a Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Klein Anke M. , Liber Juliette M. , van Lang Natasja D. J. , Reichart Catrien , Nauta Maaike , van Widenfelt Brigit M. , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J.
Published: June 2021

The current study investigated the role of social skills and its interaction with social anxiety as predictors of treatment outcome in children with an anxiety disorder either with or without a social anxiety disorder (SoAD). In total, 133 children (aged 8 to 13) with an anxiety disorder received a 10-session cognitive behavioral treatment (FRIENDS program). Pre- to post treatment Reliable Change (RC) and Treatment-Recovery (TR) were assessed from a multi-informant perspective, by including diagnostic information (ADIS C/P), child-reported anxiety symptoms (MASC) and parent-reported internalizing symptoms (CBCL-Int). Social skills were assessed with the parent-rated Social Skills Rating System (assertion, self-control, responsibility). Results showed that 1) parents of children with a SoAD reported significantly less favorable use of assertive and responsible social behavior in their children pre-treatment than parents of children without SoAD, 2) children with higher social skills had a better treatment recovery, and 3) children with anxiety and higher responsible behavior pre-treatment and without a SoAD had a better treatment recovery, but this effect did not show for children with SoAD. In conclusion, better use of social behavior increased the likelihood of treatment recovery but not of reliable change. Further studies on the role of social skills in the treatment of childhood (social) anxiety are needed to investigate the mechanisms by which social skills impact treatment outcome.
Methodological Signatures in Early Ethology: The Problem of Animal Subjectivity
Authors: Klassen Anna
Published: June 2021

What is the adequate terminology to talk about animal behaviour? Is terminology referring to mental or emotional states anthropomorphic and should therefore be prohibited or is it a necessary means to provide for an adequate description and should be encouraged? This question was vehemently discussed in the founding phase of Ethology as a scientific discipline and still is. This multi-layered problem can be grasped by using the concept of methodological signatures, developed by Köchy et al. (2016c). It is designed to analyse and systematically compare animal research approaches by examining their common parameters. By examining the works of Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989) and Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), this paper offers new insights both on a methodological and theoretical level. Methodologically, the application of the concept of methodological signatures is illustrated; theoretically, the principles of Classic Ethology are analysed. My aim is to illustrate how the problem of scientific access to animal subjectivity was addressed in the history of Ethology by analysing statements about animal sentience. For this purpose, I will first outline the general discussion about animal subjectivity and the tension between anthropomorphism and empirical adequacy. I introduce my own theoretical and methodological framework before presenting an analysis of Lorenz’ and Tinbergen’s methodological signatures. Thereby, I show how the question of terminology is deeply embedded in a network of epistemological, methodological and ontological concepts and establish key characteristics in regard to ethological approaches to animal subjectivity. Finally, I shed light on the possibility of using this typology to examine current frameworks of animal welfare research.
Rank-Adaptive Tensor Methods for High-Dimensional Nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Dektor Alec , Rodgers Abram , Venturi Daniele
Published: June 2021

We present a new rank-adaptive tensor method to compute the numerical solution of high-dimensional nonlinear PDEs. The method combines functional tensor train (FTT) series expansions, operator splitting time integration, and a new rank-adaptive algorithm based on a thresholding criterion that limits the component of the PDE velocity vector normal to the FTT tensor manifold. This yields a scheme that can add or remove tensor modes adaptively from the PDE solution as time integration proceeds. The new method is designed to improve computational efficiency, accuracy and robustness in numerical integration of high-dimensional problems. In particular, it overcomes well-known computational challenges associated with dynamic tensor integration, including low-rank modeling errors and the need to invert covariance matrices of tensor cores at each time step. Numerical applications are presented and discussed for linear and nonlinear advection problems in two dimensions, and for a four-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation.
Advanced analysis of oligomeric proanthocyanidins: latest approaches in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry based analysis
Authors: Symma Nico , Hensel Andreas
Published: June 2021

Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are an important and widely spread class of natural products with various bioactivities. The analytical evaluation of oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins in complex extracts is still challenging, due to the complexity of structures. Nevertheless, in the last 20 years analytical techniques especially in the field of chromatography and mass spectrometry have been improved and offer exciting possibilities for a deeper insight into plant secondary metabolism. While classical colorimetric methods and protocols for partial hydrolysis are still valuable tools new chromatographically and mass spectrometric methods provide deep insights into the PAC fine structure, also of polymeric material. The present review focus on recent innovative LC–MS and MALDI-TOF methods, innovative strategies for advanced processing of LC-HRMS data (van Krevelen plots, Kendrick Mass Defect Analysis), MS/MS fragmentation, and newest two-dimensional LC × LC (Offline, Online, Stop-flow-2D) chromatography. Also MALDI-TOF imaging provides exciting inside in PAC distribution within biological samples and functional assays.
Effects of school-based mindfulness intervention on health-related quality of life: moderating effect of gender, grade, and independent practice in cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lassander Maarit , Hintsanen Mirka , Suominen Sakari , Mullola Sari , Vahlberg Tero , Volanen Salla-Maarit
Published: June 2021

Object

We investigated the impact of a school-based 9-week mindfulness program vs. active control program (relaxation) and inactive control group on children’s self-reported Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) moderated by gender, grade, and independent practice.

Method

In total 3519 (50/50% boys/girls) Finnish students aged 12–15 years from 56 schools were randomized into mindfulness intervention, active, and inactive control groups. HRQoL was measured at baseline, at 9 weeks, and at 26 weeks and analyzed with multilevel linear modeling.

Results

Significant improvement on HRQoL was found (β = mean difference) (β = 1.587, 95% CI 0.672–2.502, p < 0.001) after 9 weeks and at 26 weeks of follow-up among students in the mindfulness group as compared to the active control group. Moderating effects on HRQoL were found for gender, grade, and independent practice: girls, 7th and 8th grade students, and students with regular independent mindfulness practice benefited most.

Conclusions

Gender and developmental stage may moderate the effects of mindfulness interventions on HRQoL and offer guidance in designing effective promotive interventions for children and adolescents.

Trial Registration Information

Healthy Learning Mind—a school-based mindfulness and relaxation program: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) ISRCTN18642659 retrospectively registered on 13 October 2015. The full trial protocol can be accessed at http://rdcu.be/t57S.
Do main paths reflect technological trajectories? Applying main path analysis to the semiconductor manufacturing industry
Authors: Filippin Flavia
Published: June 2021

It has been proposed that main path analysis can be used to identify technological trajectories in patent-citation networks. In this paper, the method is applied to a network composed of one million US patents and eight million citations in order to trace the backbone of the technological trajectory of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. An in depth discussion of the method is presented, focusing on the many parameters that can be adjusted while applying it and on the consequences of adjusting any of them. Moreover, and differently from other papers on the subject, the result of the algorithm is analysed to determine if it indeed represents the most important technological contributions to the trajectory or if it is merely a collection of relevant and connected patents. This is made easier by the fact that the semiconductor industry has a clear and widely known technological trajectory that spans more than 50 years, Moore's law.
The link between ethnic diversity and scientific impact: the mediating effect of novelty and audience diversity
Authors: Ding Jielan , Shen Zhesi , Ahlgren Per , Jeppsson Tobias , Minguillo David , Lyhagen Johan
Published: June 2021

Understanding the nature and value of scientific collaboration is essential for sound management and proactive research policies. One component of collaboration is the composition and diversity of contributing authors. This study explores how ethnic diversity in scientific collaboration affects scientific impact, by presenting a conceptual model to connect ethnic diversity, based on author names, with scientific impact, assuming novelty and audience diversity as mediators. The model also controls for affiliated country diversity and affiliated country size. Using path modeling, we apply the model to the Web of Science subject categoriesNanoscience & Nanotechnology,EcologyandInformation Science & Library. For all three subject categories, and regardless of if control variables are considered or not, we find a weak positive relationship between ethnic diversity and scientific impact. The relationship is weaker, however, when control variables are included. For all three fields, the mediated effect through audience diversity is substantially stronger than the mediated effect through novelty in the relationship, and the former effect is much stronger than the direct effect between the ethnic diversity and scientific impact. Our findings further suggest that ethnic diversity is more associated with short-term scientific impact compared to long-term scientific impact.
Physicochemical indicators of the influence of a lined municipal landfill on groundwater quality: a case study from Poland
Authors: Przydatek Grzegorz , Kanownik Włodzimierz
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to determine the most significant physicochemical indicators of the effects that a lined landfill in southern Poland has had on groundwater quality. The results of the tests of groundwater and leachate water from the landfill for the period 2009 to 2016 were subjected to a detailed statistical analysis based on the 10 physicochemical parameters. A factor analysis was conducted considering the European Union and national requirements for landfills using analytical and statistical tools. The leachate contamination indicators from a landfill were analysed to reveal their interaction with the groundwater. The assessment indicated that there was an elevated and statistically significantly higher electrical conductivity and copper and total organic carbon concentrations in groundwater hydraulically downgradient of the landfill. The assessment also indicated that there were significant differences in the correlations between chemical parameters downgradient of the landfill and that there was a trend of increasing concentrations of some chemical constituents in groundwater. The adverse effects of the landfill were due to the deposited amount of waste exceeding 10 Mg per day. The impact was noticeable despite low and decreasing concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in the leachate. The deterioration of the chemical state of the groundwater in the landfill vicinity could result in the extended time of pollutant migration or mass transport in the irrigated soil medium due to the limited efficiency of the leachate intake system or sealing screen after more than 20 years of landfill operation.
Sealant injectivity through void space conduits to assess remediation of well cement failure
Authors: Alkhamis Mohammed , Imqam Abdulmohsin
Published: June 2021

The primary cement of oil and gas wells is prone to fail under downhole conditions. Thus, a remedial operation must be conducted to restore the wellbore integrity and provides zonal isolation. Many types of materials are currently used and/or have the potential to be employed in wellbore integrity applications, including, but not limited to, conventional Portland cement, microfine and ultrafine cement, thermoset materials, and thermoplastic materials. In this study, several types of materials were selected for evaluation: (1) conventional Portland cement, which is the most widely used in remedial operations in the petroleum industry, (2) polymer resin, which is one of the most recent technologies being applied successfully in the field, (3) polymer solutions, and (4) polymer gel, which is a semisolid material that has shown potential in conformance control applications. This work addresses injectivity and the parameters that affect the injectivity of these materials, which to the authors' best knowledge have not been addressed comprehensively in the literature. The results of this study demonstrate the effects of several factors on the injectivity of the sealants: void size, viscosity of the sealant, injection flow rate, and heterogeneity of the void. The results also promote the use of solids-free sealants, such as epoxy resin, in wellbore remedial operations because epoxy resin behaved like Newtonian fluid and can therefore be injected into very small voids with a minimum pressure requirement.
Diagnosestellung und Management von Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus auf Grundlage der neuen internationalen Nomenklatur
Authors: Ertl Diana-Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Fast 80 Jahre nach der erstmaligen Beschreibung ist die Diagnose des Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus für viele Ärzte immer noch eine Herausforderung. Die Vielfalt der klinischen Merkmale und des Verlaufs macht die Diagnosestellung kompliziert. Einige der Patient_innen bleiben unerkannt oder werden erst im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert. Nachdem der pathophysiologische Mechanismus verstanden wurde, wurde klar, dass auch andere, verwandte Störungen in Betracht gezogen werden sollten, wenn eine Nebenschilddrüsenhormonresistenz oder ein spezifischer Skelettphänotyp auftritt. Rezente Studien haben gezeigt, dass Mutationen in anderen Genen als dem schon bekannten GNAS zu Störungen der PTH/PTHrP-Signalübertragung führen, was einige der gemeinsamen Merkmale des klassischen Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus erklärt. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die aktuellen Literaturdaten zur neuen Nomenklatur der Störungen des PTH/PTHrP-Signalling, deren Diagnostik und Therapie zusammen, und wir unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit eines multidisziplinären Managements der Patienten. Obwohl diese Krankheiten selten sind, weisen sie möglicherweise schwerwiegende und langanhaltende Komplikationen auf. Daher ist es wichtig, dass auch Patient_innen mit milden Symptomen oder diskretem Phänotyp erkannt, diagnostiziert, behandelt und adäquat langzeitbetreut werden.
Who spent their COVID-19 stimulus payment? Evidence from personal finance software in Japan
Authors: Kaneda Michiru , Kubota So , Tanaka Satoshi
Published: June 2021

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, governments worldwide have been formulating and implementing different strategies to mitigate its social and economic impacts. We study the household consumption responses to Japan’s COVID-19 unconditional cash transfer program. Owing to frequent delays in local governments’ administrative procedures, the timing of the payment to households varied unexpectedly. Using this natural experiment, we analyze households’ consumption responses to cash transfers using high-frequency data from personal finance management software that links detailed information on expenditure, income, and wealth. We construct three consumption measures: one captures the baseline marginal propensity to consume (MPC), and the other two are for the lower and the upper bound of MPC. Additionally, we explore heterogeneity in MPCs by household income, wealth, and population characteristics, as well as consumption categories. Our results show that households exhibit immediate and non-negligible positive responses in household expenditure. There is significant heterogeneity depending on various household characteristics, with liquidity constraint status being the most crucial factor, in line with the standard consumption theory. Additionally, this study provides policymakers with insights regarding targeted cash transfer programs, conditioning on labor income, and liquidity constraints.
Pulmonary embolism with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yang Ruohan , Liu Guiqing , Deng Chaosheng
Published: June 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease. The incidence of COPD is growing annually in China, and it is a significant and growing public health burden. Multivariate analysis showed that COPD was one of the independent risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE), and the incidence of PE was significantly higher in COPD patients than in normal subjects. However, PE is often overlooked in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) because there are many similarities in clinical symptoms between PE and AECOPD, which are difficult to distinguish, resulting in the failure of timely treatment and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD combined with PE for making a more accurate diagnosis, providing timely and effective treatment, and improving the prognosis of such patients.
Genome Warehouse: A Public Repository Housing Genome-Scale Data
Authors: Chen Meili , Ma Yingke , Wu Song , Zheng Xinchang , Kang Hongen , Sang Jian , Xu Xingjian , Hao Lili , Li Zhaohua , Gong Zheng , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Zhang , Zhao Wenming , Bao Yiming
Published: June 2021

The Genome Warehouse (GWH) is a public repository housing genome assembly data for a wide range of species and delivering a series of web services for genome data submission, storage, release, and sharing. As one of the core resources in the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB; https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn), GWH accepts both full and partial (chloroplast, mitochondrion, and plasmid) genome sequences with different assembly levels, as well as an update of existing genome assemblies. For each assembly, GWH collects detailed genome-related metadata of biological project, biological sample, and genome assembly, in addition to genome sequence and annotation. To archive high-quality genome sequences and annotations, GWH is equipped with a uniform and standardized procedure for quality control. Besides basic browse and search functionalities, all released genome sequences and annotations can be visualized with JBrowse. By May 21, 2021, GWH has received 19,124 direct submissions covering a diversity of 1108 species and has released 8772 of them. Collectively, GWH serves as an important resource for genome-scale data management and provides free and publicly accessible data to support research activities throughout the world. GWH is publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh.
How to Read an EEG
Authors: Jadeja Neville M.
Published: June 2021

The EEG is a simple and widely available neurophysiological test that, if interpreted correctly, can provide valuable insight into the functioning of the brain. However, despite its increasing usage in a range of settings, there is a common misconception that the EEG is inherently difficult to interpret. Compounding the problem is the lack of dedicated training and no standardized approach by encephalographers. This book provides a clear and concise guide to reading and interpreting EEGs in a systematic way. Presented in three sections, the first delivers foundational technical knowledge of how EEGs work, and the second concentrates on a comprehensive, stepwise approach to reading and interpreting an EEG. The third section contains examples of EEGs in common scenarios, such as seizures and post-cardiac arrest, enabling readers to correlate their findings to clinical indications. Heavily illustrated with over 200 example EEGs, this is an essential pocket guide to interpreting these tests.
Contextual factors associated with depression among Northern and Indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Lys Candice L. , Sokolovic Nina , Mackay Kayley Inuksuk , Donkers Holly , Kanbari Amanda , Pooyak Sherri , Loppie Charlotte
Published: June 2021

Background

Persons in Arctic regions disproportionately experience depression. Knowledge gaps remain regarding factors associated with depression among adolescents in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, where child and adolescent mental health hospitalizations are nearly 2.5 times the national rate. This study assesses correlates of depression among adolescents in the NWT.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey with adolescents aged 13–18 in 17 NWT communities. We assessed associations between socio-demographic characteristics, dating violence, food insecurity and depression, measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We conducted ordered logistic regressions to assess associations with no, mild, or moderate/severe depression scores.

Results

Participants (n= 399; mean age: 14.3,s.d.: 1.3) were mostly Indigenous (79%) and 45% reported food insecurity. Nearly half (47%) reported minimal/no depression symptoms, 25% mild symptoms and 28% moderate/severe symptoms. In multivariate analyses, participants who were cisgender women compared to other genders, sexually diversev. heterosexual, and food insecure had double the odds of more severe depression symptoms. Among those dating, dating violence was associated with double the odds of moderate/severe depression symptoms.

Conclusions

Findings support tailored interventions to address material (food insecurity), relational (dating violence) and symbolic (gender and sexual orientation norms) contextual factors associated with depression among adolescents in the NWT.
Turning Judas into a Crusader: Local Reform and Crusade Propaganda in Thirteenth-Century Cambrai
Authors: WANG LUO
Published: June 2021

Crusade preaching in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries has often been studied as a centralised programme devised and deployed by the papacy for reform purposes. This article examines the career of John of Cantimpré, a relatively low-profile priest operating at the local level, who none the less was deeply engaged in crusade campaigns as integral to the moral reform of European society. This study first analyses an unusually sophisticated ritual performance in which a usurer was transformed into a crusader as part of a preaching event orchestrated by John of Cantimpré on the eve of the Fourth Crusade, and then investigates the representation of him as a methodical preacher who associated local concerns, such as usury and predatory lordship, with the crusading enterprise.
The effects of an old-age allowance programme on intergenerational interactions in Taiwan: Heterogeneous effects by adult children’s motives for giving
Authors: PENG CHENHONG , WANG JULIA SHU-HUAH , ZHU YIWEN , ZENG YUE
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effects of an old-age allowance programme in Taiwan, the Senior Citizens Welfare Living Allowance (SCWLA), on intergenerational financial transfers, living arrangements and contact, as well as the heterogeneity of its effects by adult children’s five types of motives for giving: altruism, exchange, reciprocity, affection, and sense of responsibility. Using 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006 data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics, we employed a difference-in-difference individual fixed effect model to compare the outcomes across the treatment (aged 65 and older) and comparison groups (aged 55 to 64) before and after the introduction of SCWLA. Our results indicate that SCWLA crowds in intergenerational contact but does not significantly change financial transfers and co-residence patterns. The increase in intergenerational contact is primarily driven by adult children having lower motives for giving. This suggests that old-age allowances may reduce financial entanglement between adult children and older parents and change the social norm by raising “low motivators’” awareness, respect and concern for elderly. Providing public transfer to the elderly should not be hampered by the fear of distorting family support functions.