bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing In‐Hospital Mortality Prediction by Senior Emergency Resident’s Judgment and Prognostic Models in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rahmatinejad Zahra , Peiravi Samira , Hoseini Benyamin , Rahmatinejad Fatemeh , Eslami Saeid , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Reihani Hamidreza
Published: May 2023

Background. A comparison of emergency residents’ judgments and two derivatives of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), namely, the mSOFA and the qSOFA, was conducted to determine the accuracy of predicting in‐hospital mortality among critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED). Methods. A prospective cohort research was performed on patients over 18 years of age presented to the ED. We used logistic regression to develop a model for predicting in‐hospital mortality by using qSOFA, mSOFA, and residents’ judgment scores. We compared the accuracy of prognostic models and residents’ judgment in terms of the overall accuracy of the predicted probabilities (Brier score), discrimination (area under the ROC curve), and calibration (calibration graph). Analyses were carried out using R software version R‐4.2.0. Results. In the study, 2,205 patients with median age of 64 (IQR: 50‐77) years were included. There were no significant differences between the qSOFA (AUC 0.70; 95% CI: 0.67‐0.73) and physician’s judgment (AUC 0.68; 0.65‐0.71). Despite this, the discrimination of mSOFA (AUC 0.74; 0.71‐0.77) was significantly higher than that of the qSOFA and residents’ judgments. Additionally, the AUC‐PR of mSOFA, qSOFA, and emergency resident’s judgments was 0.45 (0.43‐0.47), 0.38 (0.36‐0.40), and 0.35 (0.33‐0.37), respectively. The mSOFA appears stronger in terms of overall performance: 0.13 vs. 0.14 and 0.15. All three models showed good calibration. Conclusion. The performance of emergency residents’ judgment and the qSOFA was the same in predicting in‐hospital mortality. However, the mSOFA predicted better‐calibrated mortality risk. Large‐scale studies should be conducted to determine the utility of these models.
Experimental Study on the Damage and Crack Evolution Characteristics of TS-RCR Structural Bodies under Cyclic Loading and Unloading
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Chen Shanle , Fang Xinqiu , Liu Chengwei , Liu Hongyang , Huang Yuqi , Liu Jiangang , Wang Yanfen
Published: May 2023

Four representative TS-RCR (three-soft rock-coal-rock) structural bodies were selected according to the lithofacies analysis of coal measures in the Xiangshui Coal Mine, Guizhou, China, to analyze the mechanical properties, internal structure damage characteristics, and crack evolution law of the TS-RCR structural body composed of a soft roof, a soft floor, and soft coal seams. The mechanical model of the TS-RCR structural body was proposed. (1) The stress-strain curves of TS-RCR structures with different lithologies under cyclic loading and unloading show a change rule of sparsity, density, and sparsity with the increased cycles. The deformation of TS-RCR structures under cyclic loading and unloading can be divided into four stages. When the height ratio of the TS-RCR structural body was the same, the higher the strength of the upper and lower rocks, the more cycles the TS-RCR structural body had, and the denser the cyclic loading and unloading curve. On the contrary, the fewer cycles the TS-RCR structural body had, the sparser the cyclic loading and unloading curve. (2) The T2 (transverse relaxation time) spectrum curves of the structural bodies were monitored at about 1 and 10 ms, and two obvious peaks were detected, indicating micropores and mesopores with a large volume in the structural body. Signal intensity increased at the relaxation time of 1 ms, decreased at 10–100 ms, and increased slightly at 100–1000 ms. The pore structure of the structural body with different lithologies changed significantly with the increased cycle number. (3) The damage and failure process of the structural body was roughly divided into three periods according to the time-history analysis of acoustic-emission AF (the ratio of acoustic-emission ringing count to duration) of the structural body: the active period with a relatively low AF value (AF < 60 kHz) in the 1st-2nd cycles; the rising period with a relatively stable increase of the AF value in the 3rd-4th cycles; and the explosive period with a relatively high AF value (AF ≥ 60 kHz) in the 5th cycles. According to the relationship between the RA (the ratio of the rise time to the amplitude of the acoustic-emission-detection wave) value and time, the evolution law of the RA value and AF value of structures with different lithologies is similar in different periods under cyclic loading and unloading.
Supplementary Data 1 from Investigation of PARP Inhibitor Resistance Based on Serially Collected Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kim Yoo-Na , Shim Yeeun , Seo Jieun , Choi Zisun , Lee Yong Jae , Shin Saeam , Kim Sang Wun , Kim Sunghoon , Choi Jong Rak , Lee Jung-Yun , Lee Seung-Tae
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Figure 1-5
Supplementary Table 1-2
Supplementary Table 1 from RAD51 Foci as a Biomarker Predictive of Platinum Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Compadre Amanda J. , van Biljon Lillian N. , Valentine Mark C. , Llop-Guevara Alba , Graham Emily , Fashemi Bisiayo , Herencia-Ropero Andrea , Kotnik Emilee N. , Cooper Isaac , Harrington Shariska P. , Kuroki L Lindsay M. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Hagemann Andrea R. , Thaker Premal H. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Sun Lulu , Mosammaparast Nima , Serra Violeta , Zhao Peinan , Lomonosova Elena , Khabele Dineo , Mullen Mary M.
Published: May 2023

Summary of Antibodies
Data from RAD51 foci as a biomarker predictive of platinum chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer
Authors: Compadre Amanda J. , van Biljon Lillian N. , Valentine Mark C. , Llop-Guevara Alba , Graham Emily , Fashemi Bisiayo , Herencia-Ropero Andrea , Kotnik Emilee N. , Cooper Isaac , Harrington Shariska P. , Kuroki Lindsay M. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Hagemann Andrea R. , Thaker Premal H. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Sun Lulu , Mosammaparast Nima , Serra Violeta , Zhao Peinan , Lomonosova Elena , Khabele Dineo , Mullen Mary M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the ability of RAD51 foci to predict platinum chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patient-derived samples. Experimental Design: RAD51 and γH2AX nuclear foci were evaluated by immunofluorescence in HGSOC patient-derived cell lines (n=5), organoids (n=11), and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples (discovery n=31, validation n=148). Samples were defined as RAD51-High if >10% of geminin-positive cells had ≥5 RAD51 foci. Associations between RAD51 scores, platinum chemotherapy response, and survival were evaluated. Results: RAD51 scores correlated with in vitro response to platinum chemotherapy in established and primary ovarian cancer cell lines (Pearson r=0.96, P=0.01). Organoids from platinum-nonresponsive tumors had significantly higher RAD51 scores than those from platinum-responsive tumors (P<0.001). In a discovery cohort, RAD51-Low tumors were more likely to have a pathologic complete response (RR 5.28, P<0.001) and to be platinum-sensitive (RR ∞, P = 0.05). The RAD51 score was predictive of chemotherapy response score (AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.78-1.0; P<0.001). A novel automatic quantification system accurately reflected the manual assay (92%). In a validation cohort, RAD51-Low tumors were more likely to be platinum-sensitive (RR ∞, P < 0.001) than RAD51-High tumors. Moreover, RAD51-Low status predicted platinum sensitivity with 100% positive predictive value and was associated with better progression-free (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.85, P<0.001) and overall survival (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.75, P=0.003) than RAD51-High status. Conclusions: RAD51 foci are a robust marker of platinum chemotherapy response and survival in ovarian cancer. The utility of RAD51 foci as a predictive biomarker for HGSOC should be tested in clinical trials.
Supplementary Table S6 from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Zhuang Lizhe , Cheung Tik Shing , Black Emily L. , Masqué-Soler Neus , Devonshire Ginny , Redmond Aisling M. , Freeman Adam , di Pietro Massimilliano , Pilonis Nastazja , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O'Donovan Maria , Tavaré Simon , Shields Jacqueline D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: May 2023

This table contains marker genes identified in the pairwise comparison of clusters identified in fibroblast population
Distinct Assemblies of Heterodimeric Cytokine Receptors Govern Stemness Programs in Leukemia
Authors: Kan Winnie L. , Dhagat Urmi , Kaufmann Kerstin B. , Hercus Timothy R. , Nero Tracy L. , Zeng Andy G.X. , Toubia John , Barry Emma F. , Broughton Sophie E. , Gomez Guillermo A. , Benard Brooks A. , Dottore Mara , Cheung Tung Shing Karen S. , Boutzen Héléna , Samaraweera Saumya E. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Jin Liqing , Goodall Gregory J. , Begley C. Glenn , Thomas Daniel , Ekert Paul G. , Tvorogov Denis , D'Andrea Richard J. , Dick John E. , Parker Michael W. , Lopez Angel F.
Published: May 2023

Leukemia stem cells (LSC) possess distinct self-renewal and arrested differentiation properties that are responsible for disease emergence, therapy failure, and recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite AML displaying extensive biological and clinical heterogeneity, LSC with high interleukin-3 receptor (IL3R) levels are a constant yet puzzling feature, as this receptor lacks tyrosine kinase activity. Here, we show that the heterodimeric IL3Rα/βc receptor assembles into hexamers and dodecamers through a unique interface in the 3D structure, where high IL3Rα/βc ratios bias hexamer formation. Importantly, receptor stoichiometry is clinically relevant as it varies across the individual cells in the AML hierarchy, in which high IL3Rα/βc ratios in LSCs drive hexamer-mediated stemness programs and poor patient survival, while low ratios mediate differentiation. Our study establishes a new paradigm in which alternative cytokine receptor stoichiometries differentially regulate cell fate, a signaling mechanism that may be generalizable to other transformed cellular hierarchies and of potential therapeutic significance.

Significance:

Stemness is a hallmark of many cancers and is largely responsible for disease emergence, progression, and relapse. Our finding that clinically significant stemness programs in AML are directly regulated by different stoichiometries of cytokine receptors represents a hitherto unexplained mechanism underlying cell-fate decisions in cancer stem cell hierarchies.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749
Figure S1 from Targeting CHAF1B enhances Interferon activity against Myeloproliferative Neoplasm cells
Authors: Saleiro Diana , Kosciuczuk Ewa M , Fischietti Mariafausta , Perez Ricardo E , Yang G. Sohae , Eckerdt Frank , Beauchamp Elspeth M. , Hou Ye , Wang Qixuan , Weinberg Rona Singer , Fish Eleanor N. , Yue Feng , Hoffman Ronald , Platanias Leonidas C.
Published: May 2023

Biological processes in which putative ULK1-protein complexes are involved in the cytosol.
A integração latino-americana: da identidade à estrutura econômica
Authors: Figueiredo Alexandre Ganan de Brites , Gremaud Amaury Patrick , Braga Márcio Bobik
Published: May 2023

Este ar tigo discute o projeto integracionista a partir de sua relação com o conceito de “América Latina”. Assim, será abordada a evolução desse conceito desde seu surgimento, em meados do século XIX, ainda como a expressão de uma unidade pretensamente cultural, até sua afirmação, pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina (Cepal), em 1948, como objeto de análise designador de uma mesma estrutura econômica e histórica, compartilhada por todos os países da região, em que pesem suas particularidades. Pretende-se demonstrar que foi o processo de consolidação de uma identidade continental que abriu o caminho para a concretização de organismos mais duradouros de integração. Por fim, as sucessivas ondas de integração – e seus refluxos – serão discutidas à luz dos atuais desafios colocados a dois antigos projetos: o da existência de uma unidade “latinoamericana” e o de sua integração.
Uma revisão dos modelos de integração na América Latina: o caso da Aliança do Pacífico
Authors: Cetina Maria Del Pilar Ostos , Rosales Emilio Vizarretea
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste ensaio consiste em uma revisão dos modelos de integração na América Latina, o que permite estabelecer uma relação entre as origens e os fundamentos da integração latino-americana, contrastada com os acontecimentos atuais junto aos atores e interesses delineados no interior de cada bloco geopolítico, tal como se apresenta no caso da Aliança do Pacífico, integrada por quatro membros plenos: México, Colômbia, Peru e Chile, com mais de 50 observadores internacionais que tornam a organização um protótipo de integração relevante para sua avaliação em inícios do século XXI.
A geopolítica da Amazônia e a integração latino-americana
Authors: Alvares Ticiana de Oliveira , Narita Beatriz  Sakuma , Rodrigues Marcela Cardoso
Published: May 2023

O olhar geopolítico brasileiro sobre a Amazônia saiu de uma perspectiva puramente de segurança nacional para uma visão regional latino-americana e passa a incorporar novas perspectivas – do desenvolvimento sustentável – para além da ocupação territorial. Assim, este artigo procura resgatar algumas visões brasileiras sobre a Amazônia, sobretudo no pós-Guerra Fria, e investigar se a Pan-Amazônia pode ser vista como um importante vetor para a integração latino-americana no que tange às suas potencialidades de inserção econômica e soberana. São analisados os riscos e oportunidades que a Amazônia representa para o subcontinente e conclui-se que é possível identificar o potencial do Brasil no processo de liderar o desenvolvimento e a integração da região no século XXI a partir de uma visão voltada para a economia verde e para a questão energética.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessed by Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Bryan , Jayabaskaran Jayanth , Ruban Jitesh , Goh Rachel , Chin Yip Han , Kong Gwyneth , Ng Cheng Han , Lin Chaoxing , Loong Shaun , Muthiah Mark D. , Khoo Chin Meng , Shariff Ezman , Chan Mark Y. , Lajeunesse-Trempe Fannie , Tchernof Andre , Chevli Parag , Mehta Anurag , Mamas Mamas A. , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Chew Nicholas W.S.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.

Methods:

Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes. The inclusion criteria were (1) studies measuring EAT of adult patients at baseline and (2) reporting follow-up data on study outcomes of interest. The primary study outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary study outcomes included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and atrial fibrillation.

Results:

Twenty-nine articles published between 2012 and 2022, comprising 19 709 patients, were included in our analysis. Increased EAT thickness and volume were associated with higher risks of cardiac death (odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.17–5.44];
P
=0.020; n=4), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.39–4.96];
P
=0.003; n=5), coronary revascularization (odds ratio, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.64–5.44];
P
<0.001; n=5), and atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 4.04 [95% CI, 3.06–5.32];
P
<0.001; n=3). For 1 unit increment in the continuous measure of EAT, computed tomography volumetric quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.42–2.13];
P
<0.001) and echocardiographic thickness quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09–1.32];
P
<0.001) conferred an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

The utility of EAT as an imaging biomarker for predicting and prognosticating cardiovascular disease is promising, with increased EAT thickness and volume being identified as independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; Unique identifier: CRD42022338075.
Clinical Presentation and Medium-Term Outcomes of Children With Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Coronary Artery: High-Risk Features Beyond Interarterial Course
Authors: Doan Tam T. , Wilkes J. Kevin , Reaves O’Neal Dana L. , Bonilla-Ramirez Carlos , Sachdeva Shagun , Masand Prakash , Mery Carlos M. , Binsalamah Ziyad , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Molossi Silvana
Published: May 2023

Background:

Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery (AAOLCA) confers a rare, but significant, risk of sudden cardiac death in children. Surgery is recommended for interarterial AAOLCA, and other subtypes considered benign. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 3 AAOLCA subtypes.

Methods:

All patients with AAOLCA <21 years old were prospectively enrolled (December 2012–November 2020), including group 1: AAOLCA from the right aortic sinus with interarterial course, group 2: AAOLCA from the right aortic sinus with intraseptal course, and group 3: AAOLCA with a juxtacommissural origin between the left and noncoronary aortic sinus. Anatomic details were assessed using computed tomography angiography. Provocative stress testing (exercise stress testing and stress perfusion imaging) was performed in patients >8 years old or younger if concerning symptoms. Surgery was recommended for group 1 and in select cases in group 2 and group 3.

Results:

We enrolled 56 patients (64% males) with AAOLCA (group 1, 27; group 2, 20; group 3, 9) at median age of 12 years (interquartile range, 6–15). Intramural course was common in group 1 (93%) compared with group 3 (56%) and group 2 (10%). Seven (13%) presented with aborted sudden cardiac death (group 1, 6/27; group 3, 1/9); 1 (group 3) with cardiogenic shock. Fourteen/42 (33%) had inducible ischemia on provocative testing (group 1, 32%; group 2, 38%; group 3, 29%). Surgery was recommended in 31/56 (56%) patients (group 1, 93%; group 2, 10%; and group 3, 44%). Surgery was performed in 25 patients at a median age 12 (interquartile range, 7–15) years; all have been asymptomatic and free from exercise restrictions at median follow-up of 4 (interquartile range, 1.4–6.3) years.

Conclusions:

Inducible ischemia was noted in all 3 AAOLCA subtypes while most aborted sudden cardiac deaths occurred in interarterial AAOLCA (group 1). Aborted sudden cardiac death and cardiogenic shock may occur in AAOLCA with left/nonjuxtacommissural origin and intramural course, thus also deemed high-risk. A systematic approach is essential to adequately risk stratify this population.
Antithrombotic Management After Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Mesnier Jules , Cepas-Guillén Pedro , Freixa Xavier , Flores-Umanzor Eduardo , Hoang Trinh Kim , O’Hara Gilles , Rodés-Cabau Josep
Published: May 2023

Left atrial appendage closure is an alternative to chronic oral anticoagulation to prevent embolic events related to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. After device implantation, antithrombotic treatment is prescribed to prevent device-related thrombosis, a dreadful complication associated with an increased risk of ischemic events. However, the optimal antithrombotic treatment after left atrial appendage closure, effective on both device-related thrombus prevention and bleeding risk mitigation, remains to be determined. In more than 10 years experience with left atrial appendage closure, a wide range of antithrombotic treatments have been used, mostly in observational studies. In this review, we analyzed the body of evidence for each antithrombotic regimen after left atrial appendage closure to provide tools to guide the physician choice and describe future perspectives in the field.
Erratum: Wang, S.Q., Yan, H.F., Cheng, Z.J. & Wang, Y.B. (2023) Primula xingshanensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Hubei, China. Phytotaxa 594 (2): 158–162.
Authors: WANG SHI-QIN , YAN HAI-FEI , CHENG ZHI-JIE , YU-BING YU-BING
Published: May 2023

N/A
A revision of Delevea Reichardt, 1976: a Southern African endemic water beetle genus including the largest known extant myxophagans (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Torridincolidae)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T. , MLAMBO MUSA C.
Published: May 2023

The Southern African endemic torridincolid water beetle genus Delevea Reichardt, 1976 is revised, based largely on recently collected material from the Republic of South Africa. Significant range extensions are provided for the two previously described species, Delevea bertrandi Reichardt, 1976 and D. namibiensis Endrödy-Younga, 1997, these taxa apparently being endemic to the Fynbos Biome in the Western Cape Province and semi-arid, summer rainfall, areas of the Great Escarpment in Namibia and South Africa, respectively. In addition, two new species, Delevea madiba sp. nov. and D. namaqua sp. nov. are described from winter rainfall areas of Namaqualand in the Northern Cape Province. Both species are currently only known from their type locality and, at up to 2.85 mm in adult body length, D. namaqua sp. nov. is the largest described extant species of the suborder Myxophaga.
Chromatic polymorphism in Trichomycterus jacupiranga from eastern Brazilian Coastal basins (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: VILARDO PAULO J. , KATZ AXEL M. , COSTA WILSON J.E.M.
Published: May 2023

Trichomycterinae catfishes often have high intraspecific variability in colour patterns that may be associated with ontogenetic changes or habitat preferences. In species of the eastern South American genus Trichomycterus s.s., some cases of chromatic polymorphism have been reported but colour pattern is still considered an important tool for species identification. Herein, we first describe chromatic polymorphism in the geographically widespread T. jacupiranga, comparing populations from Tijuca National Park and Ribeira do Iguape basin, identifying four syntopic colour morphs. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene 12Ss gene for 16 individuals of T. jacupiranga, with a maximum of 0.2% of genetic distance, corroborating T. jacupiranga as a single widespread species. Finally, based on our results and field observations, we concluded that it is not possible at the present to associate chromatic polymorphism in T. jacupiranga with habitat preferences, since specimens with different colouration in variable ontogenetic stages were found at the same microhabitats.
Revision of the Ambrysus signoreti Stål species complex (Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Ambrysinae). Section 2.
Authors: REYNOSO-VELASCO DANIEL , SITES ROBERT W.
Published: May 2023

The Ambrysus signoreti Stål species complex was recently diagnosed and subdivided into three sections based on morphology of the female subgenital plate. In the present study, the species in the second section, characterized by the posterior margin of the subgenital plate with central lobe extending posteriorly further than the posterolateral corners, are revised. Supplemental descriptions for four species described by La Rivers and Usinger are provided. The group includes six species: four from Mexico (Ambrysus brailovskyi Reynoso & Sites, A. henryi Reynoso & Sites, A. inflatus La Rivers, A. lundbladi Usinger), one from Mexico and the United States (A. lunatus Usinger), and one from Costa Rica (A. harmodius La Rivers). Also, the subspecies A. lunatus menoides La Rivers is proposed as a junior synonym of A. lundbladi. We herein report for the first time characteristics of the previously unknown male of A. lundbladi. Additionally, we present new state records from Mexico for A. inflatus and A. lundbladi, and new province records from Costa Rica for A. harmodius. Finally, an illustrated key to the species in the second section of the complex is provided.
Impact of the New England Seamount Chain on Gulf Stream Pathway and Variability
Authors: Chassignet Eric P. , Xu Xiaobiao , Bozec Alexandra , Uchida Takaya
Published: May 2023

The potential role of the New England seamount chain (NESC) on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability has been long recognized, and the series of numerical experiments presented in this paper further emphasize the importance of properly resolving the NESC when modeling the Gulf Stream. The NESC has a strong impact on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability, as demonstrated by comparison experiments with and without the NESC. With the NESC removed from the model bathymetry, the Gulf Stream remains a stable coherent jet much farther east than in the experiment with the NESC. The NESC is the leading factor destabilizing the Gulf Stream and, when it is not properly resolved by the model’s grid, its impact on the Gulf Stream’s pathway and variability is surprisingly large. A high-resolution bathymetry, which better resolves the New England seamounts (i.e., narrower and rising higher in the water column), leads to a tighter Gulf Stream mean path that better agrees with the observed path and a sea surface height variability distribution that is in excellent agreement with the observations.
An Investigation on Joint Data Assimilation of a Radar Network and Ground-Based Profiling Platforms for Forecasting Convective Storms
Authors: Huo Zhaoyang , Liu Yubao , Shi Yueqin , Chen Baojun , Fan Hang , Li Yang
Published: May 2023

A summer convective precipitation case, occurring in eastern China on 16–17 July 2020, is selected to investigate the impact of joint assimilation of ground-based profiling platforms and weather radars on forecasting convective storms using observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The simulated profiling platforms include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), a wind profiler (WP), and a microwave radiometer (MWR). Results show that joint assimilation of WP and radar data produces a better analysis of convective dynamical structure than joint assimilation of DWL and radar data, since WP detects deeper layer winds. Joint assimilation of MWR and radar data enables rapid adjustment of temperature and humidity and thus, avoids the potential errors introduced by the latent heat term of the radar diabatic initialization in the early stage. Profiling observations in a horizontal spacing of 80 km provide fewer benefits for convective forecasting, while reducing the spacing to 40 km can dramatically improve model analysis and forecasts. Joint assimilation of multiple profiling observations in a 20-km horizontal spacing with radar data exhibits a beneficial synergistic effect and mitigates “the ramp-down issue” during the forecast stage. Assimilating profiling observations with an update interval less than 30 min does not have as pronounced an effect on convective forecasts as horizontal spacing. Furthermore, assimilating profiling observations at a 20-km horizontal spacing can obtain accurate mesoscale background environment and forecast storms with an ability comparable to radar data assimilation. This work emphasizes the need to consider implementing a joint mesoscale detection system that incorporates weather radars and profiling observations for leveraging convective storm forecasting.
The Effect of the CARES Act on Property Crime
Authors: Cassino Peter P.
Published: May 2023

As a means of reducing the effects of COVID-19, governments implemented mitigation policies, including economic stimulus bills. Nearly all known research in the criminal justice literature examines the impact of local lockdown measures on different forms of crime. Studies have not been conducted on the effect of the CARES Act on crime. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of the CARES Act on property crime. The dependent variables were total property, burglary, larceny and theft, and auto theft rates. The control variables were the population structure, southern state, concentrated disadvantage, non-White, and lockdown. The independent variable was the CARES Act. OLS regression analyses were conducted to test for relationships between the CARES Act and property crime. The models indicated significant negative relationships between the CARES Act and the total property crime rate, the burglary rate, and the larceny and theft rate.
Research on improved modal parameter identification method using Hilbert-Huang transform
Authors: Zhang Mingjin , Chen Hongyu , Yan Tingyuan , Sun Hao , Wu Lianhuo
Published: May 2023

In the wind tunnel test, the full-bridge aeroelastic model needs to simulate both the shape and dynamic characteristics of the real bridge, and modal parameters are key dynamic parameters. Therefore, it is essential to identify the modal parameters of the model accurately. To get accurate modal parameters of the long-span bridge model in the wind tunnel test, the applications of the Hilbert-Huang transform for modal parameter identification were analyzed in this paper. Then a band-pass filter is designed to filter the original signal so that the intrinsic mode function obtained by empirical mode decomposition can satisfy the single-component signal requirement and eliminate the mode mixing effect effectively. Meanwhile, the endpoint data extension method based on SVM (Support Vector Machine) was presented to restrain the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. Finally, taking the Oujiang Bridge as the engineering background, the improved algorithm was applied to modal parameter identification of the bridge under ambient excitation. The modal parameters such as modal frequency and damping ratio were obtained. The reliability of the improved method was verified by comparing the identified modal parameters with the results of the finite element method, and it turns out that the improved method can reduce the frequency identification error of vertical bend, lateral bend, and torsion to 1.01%, 4.07%, and 1.68%. The results indicated that the improved method based on the Hilbert-Huang transform can accurately identify the main modal parameters of the structure and can be better applied to identify the modal parameters of long-span bridge structures.
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in septic liver injury
Authors: Cao Lijun , Wen Min , Hu Zhiqiang , Jia Weihe , Lin Jiayan , Hu Bo , Wu Gang , Tong Shengchuang , Chen Qinglin , Liu Xingming , Weng Xuhao
Published: May 2023

Objective

Septic liver injury is a major burden for the clinical management of sepsis. Hepatocyte cell death plays a crucial pathophysiological role in sepsis. A recent study proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis participates in septic liver injury. Therefore, investigating the mechanism controlling this process may help manage sepsis.

Methods

We investigated the role of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo using mouse models and in vitro in primary hepatocytes.

Results

HIPK2 could improve liver injury and survival in a mouse model of sepsis. Overexpression of HIPK2 could suppress NLRP3 and caspase-1-p20 expression, while HIPK2 knockdown led to higher levels of these two molecules. Importantly, HIPK2 could suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pharmacologically inhibiting ER stress could abolish activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes with HIPK2 knockdown.

Conclusion

HIPK2 can regulate ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver during sepsis, and HIPK2-mediated suppression of ER stress participates in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study highlights the role of HIPK2 in regulating the inflammasome in septic liver injury, which may serve as a target for managing sepsis.
Gleason Score-related MT1L as biomarker for prognosis in prostate adenocarcinoma and contribute to tumor progression in vitro
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Yaping , Tang Shiying , Yang Bin , Zhang Qiming , Xiao Ruotao , Hou Xiaofei , Liu Cheng , Ma Lulin
Published: May 2023

Background

The Gleason Score is well correlated with biological behavior and prognosis in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). This study was derived to determine the clinical significance and function of Gleason-Score-related genes in PRAD.

Methods

RNA-sequencing profiles and clinical data were extracted from the The Cancer Genome Atlas PRAD database. The Gleason-Score-related genes were screened out by the Jonckheere-Terpstra rank-based test. The “limma” R package was performed for differentially expressed genes. Next, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Correlation MT1L expression levels with tumor stage, non-tumor tissue stage, radiation therapy, and residual tumor were analyzed. Further, MT1L expression was detected in PRAD cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Overexpression of MT1L was constructed and used for cell count kit-8, flow cytometric assay, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay.

Results

Survival analysis showed 15 Gleason-Score-related genes as prognostic biomarkers in PRAD. The high-frequency deletion of MT1L was verified in PRAD. Furthermore, MT1L expression was decreased in PRAD cell lines than RWPE-1 cells, and overexpression of MT1L repressed cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells.

Conclusion

Gleason-Score-related MT1L may serve as a biomarker of poor prognostic biomarker in PRAD. In addition, MT1L plays a tumor suppressor in PRAD progression, which is beneficial for PRAD diagnosis and treatment research.
(Un)Belonging: The Production of Black Trans Loneliness
Authors: Jenkins G. Trey
Published: May 2023

Black trans people frequently deal with the violent consequences of systemic erasure. Particularly, Black trans people experience structural racism and oppression that socially and economically isolates them, creating conditions for a unique experience of loneliness. In this essay, I engage queer of color critique to explore structural forces that work together to systematically and violently exclude Black trans people. The purpose of this conceptual piece is to advance loneliness theory to include structural isolation to explain manifestations of loneliness due to discrimination and oppression of Black trans people. I discuss my motivations and methods to engage in this work, my theoretical framework, followed by a critique of the theoretical underpinnings of loneliness research. Later, I identify and define three manifestations of structural isolation—anti-Black racism, cisheterosexism, and neoliberalism. Then, I discuss how these forces work together to produce structural isolation among Black trans people and how that isolation places them at risk for loneliness. I conclude this article with a discussion on how queer of color critique provides a framework for a more inclusive analysis of race, gender, and class in social work studies. Finally, I put forward my perception of the critical implications for social work.
Empowering Support for Family Members of Brain Injury Patients in the Acute Phase of Hospital Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Lindlöf Julia , Turunen Hannele , Välimäki Tarja , Huhtakangas Justiina , Verhaeghe Sofie , Coco Kirsi
Published: May 2023

This review aimed to identify and synthesize empowering support for the family members of patients in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury hospital treatment. CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Medic databases were searched from 2010 to 2021. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Each article was critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisals Tools. Following a thematic analysis, four main themes were identified about the process of empowering traumatic brain injury patients’ family members in the acute phases of hospital care: (a) needs-based informational, (b) participatory, (c) competent and interprofessional, and (d) community support. This review of findings may be utilized in future studies focusing on designing, implementing, and evaluating an empowerment support model for the traumatic brain injury patient’s family members in the acute care hospitalization to strengthen the current knowledge and develop nursing practices.
“Is everyone alive?”: Smartphone use by Ukrainian refugee children
Authors: Khvorostianov Natalia
Published: May 2023

By giving voice to 15 Ukrainian refugees, aged 10–14, who sheltered in a refugee camp in Poland in March 2022, this qualitative study reveals how and why they used smartphones, to cope with the challenges they faced in the first days of the Russia–Ukraine war. The results showed that by the second week since the inception of the war, the children and adolescents already had created new practices of smartphone use, suitable for war. They extensively used their smartphones offline and online for three overarching purposes: in order to emotionally regulate themselves; make significant contacts with other people; and maintain identity. The current study shows the important role of avoidant and collective coping strategies in the lives of children and adolescents in war and contributes to a deeper and pragmatic understanding of their digital coping in war.
Management of Cerebral 4-Vessel Disease With Anterior Circulation Symptoms by Stenting Both Vertebral Arteries at the Same Session
Authors: Boncuk Ulaş Sena , Atılgan Acar Bilgehan
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Stroke is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The coexistence of bilateral carotid and vertebral artery (VA) occlusion and/or stenosis is in the very rare entity group in the literature. Here, we present a case with bilateral carotid artery occlusion and bilateral VA stenosis, who presented with an atypical clinical presentation and underwent bilateral vertebral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting in the same session.

Case Report:

A 67 year old male patient was brought to the emergency department with complaints of inability to speak and weakness in both legs for 1 day. There were bilateral infarct areas in the anterior cerebral artery region and an additional infarct area in the left middle cerebral artery region. First, the right VA stenosis level was crossed using a 0.14 guidewire. After PTA, balloon-expandable stenting was performed with a 3.0×12 mm NC (non-compliant) balloon, and nearly complete recanalization was observed. Therefore, it was decided to perform an intervention on the left VA in the same session.

Conclusion:

As in this example case, in cases where cerebral perfusion is severely impaired, medical treatment after recanalization may be one of the best treatment options.

Clinical Impact

The carotid arteries are the main arteries supplying the anterior circulation, and the vertebral arteries supply blood to the posterior circulation. However, in cases where both carotid arteries are occluded/dysfunctional, all cerebral perfusion remains over the vertebrobasilar system. However, in cases such as this, where both carotid arteries are occluded/dysfunctional, all cerebral perfusion remains over the vertebrobasilar system and may be responsible for anterior circulation strokes. The situation becomes more severe if both vertebral artery critical stenosis is added. Synchronous carotid and vertebral artery revascularization is not recommended in the guidelines for patients with combined carotid and vertebral artery disease. In patients with four-vessel occlusion/stenosis, as in this particular case, the intervention method and priorities are unclear. We achieved a favorable clinical outcome with simultaneous bilateral vertebral artery angioplasty and stenting, a hazardous method that can be a guide as an approach option in similar cases.
Progressive resolution optimizer (PRO) predominates over photon optimizer (PO) in sparing of spinal cord for spine SABR VMAT plans
Authors: Son Sangjun , Park So-Yeon
Published: May 2023

Background

we assessed the performance of the optimization algorithms by comparing volumetric modulated arc therapy generated by a progressive resolution optimized (VMATPRO) and photon optimizer (VMATPO) in terms of plan quality, MU reduction, sparing of the spinal cord (or cauda equina), and plan complexity.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients who received spine stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) with tumors located in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine were retrospectively selected. For each patient, VMATPRO and VMATPO with two full arcs were generated with using the PRO and PO algorithms. For dosimetric evaluation, the dose-volumetric (DV) parameters of the planning target volume (PTV), organs at risk (OARs), the corresponding planning organs at risk (PRV), and 1.5-cm ring structure surrounding the PTV (Ring1.5 cm) were calculated for all VMAT plans. The total number of monitor units (MUs) and the modulation complexity score for the VMAT (MCSv) were compared. To investigate the correlations of OAR sparing to plan complexity, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests were conducted between the two algorithms (PO – PRO, denoted as Δ) in the DV parameters for normal tissues, total MUs, and MCSv.

Results

For the PTVs, Target conformity and dose homogeneity in the PTVs of VMATPRO were better than those of VMATPO with statistical significance. For the spinal cords (or cauda equine) and the corresponding PRVs, all of the DV parameters for VMATPRO were markedly lower than those for VMATPO, with statistical significance (all p < 0.0001). Among them, the difference in the maximum dose to the spinal cord between VMATPRO and VMATPO was remarkable (9.04 Gy vs. 11.08 Gy with p < 0.0001). For Ring1.5 cm, no significant difference in V115% for VMATPRO and VMATPO was observed.

Conclusions

The use of VMATPRO resulted in improved coverage and uniformity of dose to the PTV, as well as OARs sparing, compared with that of VMATPO for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine SABR. Better dosimetric plan quality generated by the PRO algorithm was observed to result in higher total MUs and plan complexity. Therefore, careful evaluation of its deliverability should be performed with caution during the routine use of the PRO algorithm.
Investigating anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence and muscle dysmorphia with network analysis among male weightlifters
Authors: Scarth Morgan , Westlye Lars T. , Havnes Ingrid A. , Bjørnebekk Astrid
Published: May 2023

Background

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) dependence has numerous adverse health consequences, and may be driven in part by body image concerns, primarily muscle dysmorphia. This study aims to further understand and identify potential clinical targets using network analyses of AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in males who used AAS and weightlifting controls.

Methods

A sample of 153 men who currently or previously used AAS and 88 weight-lifting controls were recruited through social media and relevant online forums, and via posters and flyers distributed in select gyms in Oslo, Norway. Symptoms of AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia were assessed using clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires. Severity of muscle dysmorphia symptoms were compared between the groups using independent samples t-tests. The following symptom networks were computed using Gaussian graphical modeling or mixed graphical modeling: (1) AAS dependence symptoms among men with AAS use (2) muscle dysmorphia symptoms among men with AAS use and weight-lifting controls in two separate networks, which were compared using a network comparison test, and (3) AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among men with AAS use.

Results

In a network of AAS dependence symptoms, continuing use despite physical and mental side effects, using longer than planned, tolerance, and work/life interference were the most central symptoms. When comparing symptom structures of muscle dysmorphia between those who used AAS and controls, the most central symptoms in each group were exercise dependence and size/symmetry concerns, respectively. Men with AAS use demonstrated elevated muscle dysmorphia symptoms compared to controls, indicating that both the severity and structure of symptoms differ between these groups. In a network including both AAS dependence and muscle dysmorphia symptoms, no significant connections between symptom groups were identified.

Conclusions

AAS dependence is complex, with correlated somatic and psychological challenges driving the symptom network, indicating that alleviating physical and mental health concerns during both AAS use and cessation is an important clinical target. Muscle dysmorphia symptoms related to taking action (diet, exercise, and supplement use) appear to cluster together more for those who use AAS than those who do not.
The spatial–temporal effect of air pollution on individuals’ reported health and its variation by ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: a multilevel longitudinal analysis
Authors: Abed Al Ahad Mary , Demšar Urška , Sullivan Frank , Kulu Hill
Published: May 2023

Background

Air pollution is associated with poor health; though it is unclear whether this association is stronger for ethnic minorities compared to the rest of the population. This study uses longitudinal data to investigate the spatial–temporal effect of air pollution on individuals’ reported health and its variation by ethnicity in the United-Kingdom (UK).

Methods

Longitudinal individual-level data from Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study including 67,982 adult individuals with 404,264 repeated responses over 11 years (2009–2019) were utilized and were linked to yearly concentrations of NO2, SO2, and particulate-matter (PM10, PM2.5) pollution once at the local authority and once at the census Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence for each individual. This allows for analysis at two geographical scales over time. The association between air pollution and individuals’ health (Likert scale: 1–5, Excellent to poor) and its variation by ethnicity was assessed using three-level mixed-effects ordered logistic models. Analysis distinguished between spatial (between areas) and temporal (across time within each area) effects of air pollution on health.

Results

Higher concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollution were associated with poorer health. Decomposing air pollution into between (spatial: across local authorities or LSOAs) and within (temporal: across years within each local authority or LSOA) effects showed a significant between effect for NO2 and SO2 pollutants at both geographical scales, while a significant between effect for PM10 and PM2.5 was shown only at the LSOAs level. No significant within effects were detected at an either geographical level. Indian, Pakistani/Bangladeshi, Black/African/Caribbean and other ethnic groups and non-UK-born individuals reported poorer health with increasing concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants in comparison to the British-white and UK-born individuals.

Conclusion

Using longitudinal data on individuals’ health linked with air pollution data at two geographical scales (local authorities and LSOAs), this study supports the presence of a spatial–temporal association between air pollution and poor self-reported health, which is stronger for ethnic minorities and foreign-born individuals in the UK, partly explained by location-specific differences. Air pollution mitigation is necessary to improve individuals’ health, especially for ethnic minorities who are affected the most.