bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise experimental e numérica da matriz de concreto com adição de fibras de aço tipo Hooked e Crimped
Authors: Cruz Geovane Carreira Rodrigues , Ramos Roberto Paulo Barbosa , Côrrea Alessandro de Castro , Rodrigues Jean da Silva , Branco Vitor Hugo Lopes , Veloso Jean França , Coutinho Neto Benedito
Published: January 2025

O concreto é um material de comportamento frágil e assim, dependento da aplicação, pode-se adicionar fibras de aço com o objetivo de melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas como a tração e o módulo de elasticidade. No caso de aplicações de concreto que estão sujeitos a variação de cargas constantes tanto a compressão como a tração, a adição de fibras pode melhorar as propriedades mecânicas desse (concreto). O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a viabilidade da adição de fibras de aço no concreto estruturais. Esta pesquisa consistirá na adição de duas fibras de geometrias diferentes a saber: as fibras de aço Hooked e as fibras de aço tipo Crimper com teor percentual da pesquisa respectivamente, de 1% e 2,0% e tendo como referência um traço padrão de resistência de 32 MPa. O total de traços no decorrer da pesquisa foram de cinco, sendo o primeiro o concreto de referência sem fibra de aço e os demais com percentuais especificados acima. Este trabalho caracterizou as propriedades físicas e mecânicas do concreto com e sem adição de fibras, por meio de ensaios laboratoriais, obedecendo as normas da ABNT e fez-se a simulação dos corpos de prova pelos métodos elementos finitos para obter o melhor modelo para aplicação estrutural, onde conclui-se que adição de fibras de aço melhorou o desempenho mecânico e a simulação numérica descreveu a propagação das tensões nos corpos de prova cilindricos.
Decentralisation as Resistance: Web3’s Potential in Countering Digital Censorship and Redefining Cyber Sovereignty
Authors: Eldem Tuba
Published: January 2025

The Internet, initially celebrated as a bastion of freedom and openness, is increasingly becoming a domain of control, surveillance, and regulation by both states and private entities. The rise of state control and regulation of the Internet, along with the private sector’s expanding control over information, poses significant challenges to the ideals of freedom and openness that once defined the Internet. This article examines the transformation in Internet governance from a state of minimal regulation to a heavily controlled environment by both governments and corporations and explores how the blockchain technology and decentralised architecture underlying Web3 promise to redefine Internet governance and resist censorship. Through a mixed-method approach that synthesises insights from computer science, political science, and legal studies, the paper argues that public blockchains challenge Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers’ (ICANN) traditional control over DNS and significantly reduce the ability of centralised entities to exert control over content and communication, thereby enhancing freedom of expression and resisting censorship. The ability of Web3 to fully realise this potential is, however, dependent on overcoming complex technical and regulatory challenges.
Internet Access as a Basic Human Right: An Ongoing European Legal Debate?
Authors: Tudurachi Adelina-Maria
Published: January 2025

The pervasive use of Information and Communication Technology has inevitably interfered with human rights worldwide. This persistent interaction has led to questioning the legal nature of Internet access itself: is it an autonomous right or an implicit right? This paper examines the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in order to assess whether Internet access is today a basic human right. The Strasbourg jurisprudence stems mainly from applications based on freedom of expression and the right to education. The ECtHR applies the binary axiological test: the right for which protection is sought and the competing interest/right provided by the European Convention on Human Rights. So far, it has not explicitly recognised the right to Internet access but rather the Internet’s widespread usage and importance. The Luxembourg case law constitutes proof of the economic dimension of the Union since the CJEU applies a threefold test, depending on the piece of legislation basing the application, and takes a moderate approach to questions involving human rights. Thus, the complementarity of ECtHR and CJEU case law proves that Internet access rather facilitates the exercise of other rights than is an autonomous right. For this reason, limitations are assessed on a case-by-case basis according to the requirements associated with each conventional right’s specific restrictions.
Towards a Truly Democratic Constitutionalism
Authors: Webber Jeremy
Published: January 2025

As constitutional scholars, we can fall into the error of treating constitutionalism as though it were primarily about limiting government. This article emphasises that the primary aim of constitutionalism ought to be to enable democratic governance, not constrain it. It treats democratic self-determination as having two components: 1) a commitment to building mechanisms by which the people are enabled to participate materially in their own governance on a basis of rough equality; and 2) a commitment to ensuring that the people see themselves as being governed by processes that they consider legitimate. Democratic self-government can take different forms in different societies, but there must be effective mechanisms for citizens – actual citizens, not notional citizens – to govern themselves collectively. The paper sketches some characteristics of a constitutionalism that meets those requirements. It also affirms that, for the people to govern themselves, a constitution must, in a real sense, take the people as it finds them, not impose a partial and caricatured definition upon them. This paper is a prolegomenon to such a constitutionalism, not a description of its totality. The latter is, of course, the work of we as citizens, and as constitutional scholars, through time.
Роль рабочей памяти в механизме эффекта контекстной подсказки: исследование методом регистрации движений глаз
Authors: Сигнаевская Ксения , Горбунова Елена
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрен эффект контекстной подсказки в условиях разных степеней загрузки объектной рабочей памяти (РП). В соответствии с ним повторная встреча с определенной конфигурацией целевых объектов и дистракторов приводит к уменьшению времени поиска цели. При этом испытуемые не могут отличить старые конфигурации от новых, что позволяет предположить имплицитность этого эффекта. Существует теория раннего и теория позднего локуса контекстной подсказки: если следовать первой из них, эффект возникает до того, как цель была обнаружена; если следовать второй – эффект возникает после того, как цель была обнаружена. Эти представления согласуются с различением процессов гайденса и верификации в зрительном поиске. Предыдущие исследования показали неоднозначные результаты о влиянии зрительной РП на возникновение эффекта контекстной подсказки, также в них не использовался айтрекер для изучения роли РП в появлении этого эффекта. Мы провели эксперимент для выявления паттернов, которые возникают в ходе выполнении двойной задачи, объединяющей зрительный поиск и загрузку объектной РП. Время реакции, количество фиксаций и длительность фиксаций на цели были зависимыми переменными. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали, что по показателям времени реакции и количества фиксаций эффект контекстной подсказки уменьшался с увеличением степени загрузки объектной РП, в то время как по показателям переменной длительности фиксаций на цели эффект был устойчив к любой степени загрузки объектной РП. Результат подтверждает, что по показателям времени реакции и количества фиксаций на цели загрузка РП приводит к нарушению гайденса, следовательно, к исчезновению эффекта контекстной подсказки, в то время как длительность фиксации на цели не зависит от загрузки РП, хоть и отражает возникновение этого эффекта.
Валидизация опросника знаний о времени для детей 6-13 лет
Authors: Солодкова Анна
Published: January 2025

С приходом в школу ребенок сталкивается с необходимостью распределять свое время в соответствии с требованиями, предъявляемыми ему социумом. Школьная программа также предусматривает освоение навыков решения задач, связанных с использованием знаний о времени. Однако многие исследователи отмечают сложности в освоении современными детьми темы времени. Кроме того, даже в подростковом возрасте дети не всегда в полной мере знают и используют временны́е единицы. В связи с этим встает вопрос не только обучения детей, но и диагностики имеющихся знаний о времени с целью выявления возможных пробелов и построения адекватной коррекционно-развивающей работы. В собственных исследовательских целях мы также столкнулись с необходимостью получить инструмент, который давал бы представления об актуальных знаниях детей о времени в как можно более полном объеме. В качестве такого инструмента мы использовали «Опросник знаний о времени для детей 6-11 лет» Ф. Лабрель и коллег [Labrell et al., 2020]. В данной статье представлены результаты адаптации и модификации опросника, в процессе чего был получен практически новый опросник, имеющий иную структуру, чем изначальный. В исследовании принимали участие как младшие школьники, так и подростки от 11 до 13 лет. Приводятся результаты анализа надежности шкал, кластерного и конфирматорного факторных анализов. Полученные данные были соотнесены с представленными ранее результатами использования опросника в изначальной версии, в ходе которых были получены корреляции между имеющимися у младших школьников знаниями о времени и развитием их самостоятельности и универсального учебного действия планирования. Предполагается, что опросник в модифицированной версии может быть использован для определения проблемных областей, в которых знания ребенка оказываются недостаточными. Также опросник может быть использован в научных исследованиях при выявлении корреляционных связей с другими показателями развития ребенка.
Evaluation of malignancies and F18-FDG PET/CT imaging of patients living with HIV/AIDS in a university hospital
Authors: abalak Mehmet , lgan Hasan
Published: January 2025

Aim:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause tumoral changes in immune cells and lead to the development of AIDS-defining malignancies. As malignancies in HIV-infected individuals tend to be quite aggressive with a worse prognosis, making a definitive and early decision about HIV-related malignancies is very important.Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine HIV-related malignancies in HIV-positive patients and evaluate F-18 FDG PET/CT results.

Materials and Methods: This single-centre, retrospective study was conducted on adult patients with HIV infection at a university hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The demographic data, medication use, viral loads, and F-18 FDG PET/CT results of the patients were accessed retrospectively from the automated hospital records system and patient files. F18-FDG PET/CT images of patients were evaluated for those with suspicion of cancer and staging of cancer.

Results: The study included 254 patients (median age: 33±13.8 years, male sex: 81.9%). Malignancy was diagnosed in 3.1% (8/254) of HIV-positive patients. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Kaposi Sarcoma were the most common cancers. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed in 3.5% (9/254) of patients, of which 2.76% (7/254) had findings suggestive of malignancy. As a result of the biopsy, malignancy was detected in five of these patients, and HIV-related lymphadenopathy was detected in two. In two patients, there were no F-18 FDGPET/CT imaging findings suggestive of malignancy.
Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET/CT can be used in in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients with suspected malignancy.
Grid power quality enhancement by nonlinear control of voltage source inverter
Authors: imran Muhammad , jianmeng zhang , naveed abdullah , shehzad mohammad , guoqiang cui
Published: January 2025

Aim/Background:
Maintaining power quality in grid-connected systems with renewable energy sources, particularly solar, is a significant challenge due to stringent requirements for harmonic mitigation. Voltage source inverters serve as critical interfaces between the grid and renewable energy sources but require robust control strategies to ensure power quality.

Methods:
This study integrates renewable energy resources and DC micro-grids on the same bus and designs a shunt active power filter (SAPF) based on synchronous reference frame theory. The SAPF is compared with an instantaneous power theory-based controller. MATLAB simulations are conducted to test the performance under different nonlinear load conditions.

Results:
The synchronous reference frame theory-based controller demonstrated superior performance, with high efficiency, simplicity, and fast response. It reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) in the grid to 1.59% and 0.19% when connecting two nonlinear loads, compared to 1.66% and 1.62% for the instantaneous power theory-based controller. The SAPF effectively detected abnormal behavior, removed harmonics caused by non-linear loads, and improved the power factor.

Conclusion:
The synchronous reference frame theory-based SAPF is a reliable solution for enhancing grid power quality by mitigating harmonics and maintaining the desired compensation. Its superior performance highlights its suitability for applications involving renewable energy integration with the grid.
Attitude Towards Psychiatry Among Northern Border Univer¬sity Medical Students: Before and After the Psychiatry Module
Authors: Mukrim Mohammedelamin , Ahmed Ozaz , Abdalla Mohamed , Auf Anas
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
The attitude towards psychiatry is crucial for undergraduate medical students, as they will encounter patients with mental disorders in their future careers. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of Northern Border University (NBU) medical students towards psychiatry before and after their psychiatric training.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental institution-based study was conducted among 5th-year medical students at NBU. The study utilized the “Attitudes Toward Psychiatry-30 Items” (ATP-30) questionnaire as the data collection instrument, administered both before and after the psychiatry module. Data analysis used SPSS, employing Chi-square tests and parametric statistics with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results:
Sixty-eight medical students participated in the study. While the overall ATP-30 scores did not show a significant change after the Psychiatry Module, the initial attitudes were generally positive. There was no significant association between total scores and socio-demographic factors such as gender, origin, marital status, economic levels, academic performance, family history of psychiatric illness, or past psychiatric history. However, prior contact with psychiatric patients was significantly associated with a positive attitude before the module (P= 0.048). Specific groups showed significant improvement in ATP-30 scores after the module: female students (P= 0.007), students aged 21-23 years (P= 0.041), students previously diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses (P= 0.037), and students with low academic performance (P= 0.018).

Conclusions:
Psychiatry training didn’t significantly improve the overall attitudes of students. Further research is needed to explore the reasons behind this and to develop targeted approaches for groups that didn’t show a change in their post-module attitudes.
Diversity in Soil Microbes: An Essential Factor in Food Security and Human Health-A Review
Authors: Alghofaili Fayez
Published: January 2025

A varied collection of microbes called the soil microbiome plays a major role in various human health issues and sustainable agriculture. Due to its distinct bioactive chemicals and ecological roles, soil microbiota, which is made up of a wide variety of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and archaea, has great promise as therapeutic agents such as antibiotics Streptomycin, Penicillin, Erythromycin, Phosphatase enzymes etc. Moreover, through a variety of mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation, mineralization, solubilization, and nutrient mobilization, these microbes support plants growth. They also generate antagonistic chemicals, siderophores, antimicrobial agents, and hormonal substances that aid in the growth of plants, such as auxin and gibberellins. The goal of low-input agriculture is to increase long-term production while reducing the need for artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Using the possibilities of the soil microbiome promotes healthier surroundings and environmentally friendly agricultural practices, which eventually improve human health. Even though they are among the most diverse species of organisms in this habitat, hardly anything is known about them. Therefore, this study highlight the crucial role of soil microbial diversity that plays an important role in enhancing agricultural productivity, ensuring sustainable food systems, and promoting human health. It seeks to demonstrate how diverse soil microbes improve nutrient cycling, plant growth, and disease resistance, while also supporting ecosystems that are vital for long-term food security.
Microplastics - The Human Cost
Authors: Burooj Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This review examines the emerging microplastic issue with a focus on human health consequences while shedding light on the direction in which further research needs to head according to PRISMA guidelines. Indexing services (SCOPUS and PUBMED) were utilized to select relevant studies (2018-2024), giving priority to original research, reviews, and meta-analyses. Non-English papers, those lacking full-text translation, proposals, opinions, studies on non-human samples/participants, and those showing statistically insignificant effects were excluded. Each study underwent a thorough evaluation for relevance and significance. After deduplication and application of exclusion criteria, 58 papers were shortlisted. Keywords used: “microplastic”, “human health”, “nano plastic”, “pathogens”, “bioaccumulation”, “antibiotic resistant”. It was found that microplastics are ingested and act as vectors for pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Human exposure may be linked with cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, especially in immune, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and vascular cells. Vertical transmission is implicated during pregnancy. There is a need to identify novel sample collection and processing strategies. In conclusion, the widespread presence of microplastics presents complex challenges for both the environment and human health. Urgent action is needed to address the risks posed by microplastic pollution through interdisciplinary research and collaborative efforts to develop effective mitigation strategies.
Diversity and potential uses of legumes as animal feed in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: January 2025

This review provides an appraisal of the legume species that have been documented as animal feed in Zimbabwe. Multiple searches on existing literature on the legumes used as animal feed in Zimbabwe were conducted in online databases such as Scopus®, Google Scholar, SpringerLink®, SciELO, ScienceDirect®, PubMed®, and Web of Science, as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library. This study recorded 86 species that are used as fodder, forages, and pastures in Zimbabwe, and 27.9% of these species are exotic, either naturalized as weeds or cultivated in agricultural fields or home gardens. Major genera with at least two species used as animal feed in Zimbabwe include Albizia, Arachis, Brachystegia, Desmodium, Leucaena, Ormocarpum, Pterocarpus, Senegalia, Sesbania, Stylosanthes, Trifolium, and Vachellia. Trees (61.6%), followed by herbs (22.1%), are the primary sources of animal feed in Zimbabwe. These research findings contribute valuable literature about the value of legumes in meeting nutrient needs and maintaining the productivity of livestock populations.
Libuše Jansová - první profesionální archeoložka v Československu
Authors: Starcová Marcela
Published: January 2025

Until the mid-20th century, archaeology was a male domain. In Czech archaeology there were women who assisted their archaeologist husbands (or fathers) in their work and their archaeological research at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The first professional female archaeologist in Czechoslovakia was Libuše Jansová, who graduated from the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in 1928. Jansová worked at the State Institute of Archaeology (1929–1934) and later returned in 1950. In 1951–1963 she led the most extensive and thorough excavations of the Celtic fortifications at Hrazany and then at Závist near Prague (1963–1973). Libuše Jansová went on to become the country’s leading expert in the research of the La Tène culture’s settlement in Czechoslovakia.
The effect of financial performance and corporate governance on tax avoidance with environmental performance as a moderator
Authors: Martiningsih Sri , Lastanti Hexana Sri
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the influence of financial performance and corporate governance on tax avoidance, with environmental performance acting as a moderating variable. Tax avoidance is designated as the dependent variable, while profitability (ROA), managerial ownership, the composition of independent commissioners, and auditor quality are regarded as independent variables. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is recognized as both an indicator of environmental performance and a moderating variable. The study employs a quantitative methodology utilizing purposive sampling, focusing on banking entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period from 2021 to 2023. Data analysis is executed through multiple regression, T-tests, and F-tests using SPSS Version 25. The findings reveal that financial performance (profitability) and environmental performance (CSR) exert a significant negative impact on tax avoidance. Furthermore, CSR enhances the effect of profitability on tax avoidance. Conversely, managerial ownership, the size of the independent board of commissioners, and auditor quality do not exhibit a significant influence on tax avoidance. The research also indicates that environmental performance does not moderate the effects of managerial ownership, the size of the independent board of commissioners, and auditor quality on tax avoidance. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating CSR into business strategies to foster ethical tax practices. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on tax compliance and corporate governance, offering valuable insights for stakeholders aiming to reconcile financial goals with social responsibilities.
Analysis of regional tax potential in Toba Regency
Authors: Sitorus Laurenza , Tambunan Frederik Halomoan
Published: January 2025

Compared to other regencies and cities in North Sumatra, the performance of Toba Regency's Local Revenue (PAD) is still below the average (6.51% compared to 9.35%). As a tourist destination, Toba Regency has significant potential to enhance local taxes, particularly hotel and restaurant taxes. Data from the past nine years shows a consistent increase in both hotel and restaurant taxes in Toba Regency. This indicates that the potential for these taxes can still be optimized further. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, using a macro and micro approach. The macro approach involves calculating the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), while the micro approach uses calculations based on field survey data. The data sources include primary data from taxpayer surveys and secondary data, which consists of historical information from the BPPD of Toba Regency, the Central Statistics Agency, the Provincial Government of North Sumatra, and the DJPK Ministry of Finance. The findings of this study show that the actual revenue from hotel and restaurant taxes in Toba Regency is still below the potential tax value.
Descortinando a Formação Inicial e Continuada de Docentes na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)
Authors: Dourado Robson de Cássio Santos , Sousa Elvano Caires , Nunes Raylene Lima Santos
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo investigou como se dá o processo de formação inicial e continuada dos professores da Educação de Jovens Adultos e Idosos - EJAI, uma extensão do conceito de Educação de Jovens e Adultos-EJA, que atuam na Rede Municipal de Caetité-Bahia. Desta forma, o estudo objetivou avaliar qualitativamente a formação inicial e continuada de professores da EJAI. Para coletar dados, utilizou-se a entrevista, considerada crucial em pesquisas qualitativas. Avaliou-se os aspectos gerais qualitativos que possam impactar o ensino na EJAI, contemplando a vivência de 11 docentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os resultados da pesquisa com professores da EJAI revelam uma série de desafios enfrentados na educação de jovens, adultos e idosos. A carência de práticas de ensino e de recursos didáticos é uma preocupação recorrente, juntamente com a ausência de políticas públicas específicas para a EJAI. Questões como diversidade de perfis dos estudantes, desmotivação e dificuldades na avaliação da aprendizagem também foram destacadas. A formação inicial dos professores foi considerada inadequada em alguns aspectos, indicando a necessidade de uma abordagem mais voltada para a realidade da modalidade. A pesquisa evidencia a urgência de investir em formação continuada, desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos específicos e políticas inclusivas para melhorar a qualidade da EJAI. Estratégias para combater a evasão escolar, desenvolver um currículo contextualizado e utilizar a tecnologia de forma eficaz foram apontadas como ações essenciais. A formação continuada foi percebida como impactante para o aprimoramento da prática pedagógica e desenvolvimento profissional, ressaltando a importância de uma formação inicial sólida e prática.
Modelagem Matemática e Educação Matemática com Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas
Authors: Silva Taíde Regis , Silva Jonson Ney Dias da
Published: January 2025

A Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (EPJAI) é uma modalidade de ensino que busca proporcionar a estes o acesso e a permanência à educação básica. Esse público é diverso em experiências e saberes, o que demanda a criação de propostas de ensino contextualizadas, colocando os educandos como protagonistas e mobilizando os conhecimentos presentes no ambiente escolar e no cotidiano destes por meio de temas geradores. Isso pode promover o diálogo e a escuta entre educadores e educandos, uma abordagem que está alinhada com a perspectiva da Educação Matemática com Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (EMPJAI). Dessa forma, surge a possibilidade de explorar e desenvolver propostas como ambiente de aprendizagem da Modelagem Matemática. Nessa direção, o presente estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa e objetiva analisar as implicações de uma atividade de Modelagem com temas geradores, na cidade de Abaíra – Ba, na perspectiva da EMPJAI. Como metodologia, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, concentrando-se nas experiências vivenciadas durante a realização da atividade "Cachaça Abaíra: da Produção à Comercialização". A partir deste estudo, constata-se que a Modelagem, numa perspectiva da EMPJAI, estabeleceu um ambiente de diálogo e escuta, favoreceu a abordagem de um tema gerador, com destaque na relevância do ensino e da aprendizagem das dimensões técnica e política da matemática por meio do conceito de ler e escrever o mundo com matemática. Isso permitiu a exploração de conceitos matemáticos tanto escolares quanto não escolares, além de estimular a reflexão dos educandos e do educador sobre questões relacionadas à produção de cachaça.
Produção Textual de Estudantes com Síndrome de Down na Educação Especial: Relatos de uma Experiência
Authors: Silva Lucimar de Cássia Fonseca , Silva Fernanda Aparecida Oliveira Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

A escolarização é um direito constitucional de todos e deve ser ofertada com respeito às especificidades de cada estudante. Estudantes com síndromes genéticas, que apresentam um desenvolvimento cognitivo peculiar da linguagem, interrogam e provocam a prática docente quando se espera que seus saberes linguísticos se assemelhem a um padrão de comunicação comum desenvolvido na comunidade escolar. Partindo do pressuposto de que a comunicação escrita da pessoa com deficiência tem nuances próprias, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as expressões escritas de três estudantes com Síndrome de Down na Educação Especial para identificar suas características e peculiaridades. A pesquisa é qualitativa, a metodologia utilizada consiste na Análise Documental e de Conteúdo. As análises revelaram que cada estudante construiu sua própria relação com a escrita, ao utilizarem signos, bolinhas e garatujas para expressarem concepções pessoais, o que enfatiza a importância de adaptar o ensino de Língua Portuguesa à diversidade cognitiva e linguística dos estudantes com síndromes.
Integrated Crop Protection and Management
Authors:   presidency university, bengaluru-, Teja B. Aravind
Published: January 2025

Integrated Crop Protection and Management (ICPM) addresses the growing agricultural challenges by blending traditional practices and cutting-edge innovations. Its objective is to optimize crop yields, mitigate pest-related damage, and promote environmental sustainability. This paper delves into ICPM’s foundational principles, strategic implementations, and technological tools, such as pest monitoring, biological controls, and precision farming techniques. By exploring case studies and success stories, the research highlights ICPM’s pivotal role in ensuring food security and reducing ecological footprints.

Keywords- Integrated Crop Management, Pest Control, Sustainable Agriculture, Precision Farming, Biological Control.
The Role of Andropogon Gayanus Savanna Ecosystems in Increasing CEC and Exchangeable Bases in a Hydromorphic Soil in Western Burkina Faso
Authors: YONI Moïse , Senou Issaka , Nacro Hassan B.
Published: January 2025

The CEC is an indicator of the soil's capacity to retain and exchange nutrient cations with the roots of plants. In the Sudanian savannas with Andropogon gayanus, hydromorphic soils exhibit a silty-clay texture and a specific large area, which enables the retention of cations in a manner that differs from that observed in sandy soils. It was hypothesised that the CEC and the exchangeable bases of the arable soil layer in the savannas of western Burkina Faso would display significant increases due to the substantial environmental changes that occur during the fallow period. To test this hypothesis, a comparison was made between the soil fertility of the savanna and fallow areas and that of cultivated plots, which served as control sites for this study. A total of 15 plots were selected for analysis, with five plots allocated to each situation. The vegetation and soil characteristics of the plots have been duly described. Soil samples were obtained from the 0-20 cm depth interval to create composite samples. The laboratory analysis encompassed a range of parameters, including texture, pH-H2O and pH-KCl, carbon, nitrogen, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable bases. The observations led to the classification of the soils as tropical ferruginous hydromorphic with iron and manganese oxides. The original materials displayed a silty-clayey properties. The granulometric study has demonstrated that the superficial horizon of the soil is predominantly composed of silt- and clay-sized particles. This results in a considerable capacity for retention in exchangeable bases. The woody vegetation of savannas exhibits a greater diversity and richness of flora than that of fallows. This has a significant impact on the enhancement of the CEC, due to the beneficial effects of plant debris with diverse organic compositions. The overall pH is weakly acidic, with a range of 6.24 to 6.41 (pH-H2O). The soil of savannas exhibits higher concentrations of carbon (0.67% C) and nitrogen (0.059% N) than that of fallow (0.5% N, 0.04% N) and cultivated fields (0.34% C, 0.03% N). The observation of chemical balances has enabled the identification of savannas as conducive to optimal plant nutrition. Overall, savannas enhance the CEC and the bases exchangeable, despite the values being below the recommended threshold for tropical ferruginous hydromorphic soils. It is therefore necessary to implement measures to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance agricultural productivity in this region, where soils are naturally deficient in nutrients.
METAPHORICAL WAY OF CREATING TERMS OF OIL REFINING AND PETROGAS CHEMISTRY IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Uderbayev А. , Uskenbayeva R. , Sabdanaliyev N.
Published: January 2025

Technical terms of the Kazakh language are formed in different ways. Morphological, lexico-semantic methods of termination are mainly used, linking terminology with the entire lexical system of the language. Recently, the issues of the termination of common words and the problem of the metaphorization of new industry terms have been widely studied. The purpose of the authors of this article is to study and analyze the metaphorical way of forming Kazakh language terms in the field of petrochemistry and oil refining, to group and classify them by thematic models. During the study of lexical units of terminological dictionaries published in the field of oil refining and petrochemistry in the Kazakh language, it was revealed that the metaphorization of a large number of terms is formed by modeling their semantics and similarity with a person, his environment and actions, clothing, household items and equipment, animals, birds and their actions. Also, based on the study of the experience of world and domestic terminology, through the study and analysis of dictionaries of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, it was determined that the metaphorization of the terms of these industries is carried out by semantic similarity of meanings, concepts of words with specific features or similarity of the appearance of the substance, or the function of the object and equipment. The presented article classifies the linguistic and structural aspects of the terms of the Kazakh language of the analyzed dictionary and is grouped by the thematic model "The world of petrochemistry and oil refining – Man". The results of the analysis on the ways to create terminological dictionary units formed by analogy by comparing them with a person and his life, actions, activities and relationships, etc., their quantitative and percentage indicators were shown using diagrams. During the analysis of the dictionary, it was found that the metaphorical way of creating industry-wide terms, including petrochemistry and the oil refining industry, is one of the most productive ways of terminology formation.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL SUBCORPUS: CULTURAL SEMANTICS OF THE RELIGIOUS WORDS
Authors: Zhumabayeva Zh. , Amanbayeva А.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the lexical and cultural semantics of religious words. The cultural semantics of religious words is revealed in connection with the knowledge, faith, and national existence of the people and additionally includes information of religious content. The reason is, traditional religious knowledge is the core of our national identity. It is known that the daily life, customs, beliefs and existence of the Kazakh people are connected with the religion of Islam. In this regard, religious words are found in oral and written literature, fairy tales, proverbs and sayings. The article analyzes the religious words found in the works of “Word of the Ancestors”. Descriptive, ethnolinguistic, lexico-semantic methods were used. The lexical and cultural semantic analysis of religious words in the article is of theoretical and practical importance. In particular, it is useful research for creating a Linguistic and Cultural dictionary, replenishing the National Corpus Base, and the work of doctoral and undergraduate students.
PHONETIC WAYS OF AUTOMATIC TEXT RECOGNITION
Authors: Ospangaziyeva N. , Zhalalova А. , Askaroğlu V.
Published: January 2025

Phonetic-phonological methods and models of automatic text recognition are considered in the article, the phonemic principle of the Kazakh language is shown. An overview of the works of scientists who first discussed the adaptation of Kazakh texts to the computer, substantiated the theory, implemented the practice and demonstrated it in practice was also made. Today, computer and information technologies, artificial intelligence are constantly updating the process of their development in accordance with the new trends of time. Such information technologies include computers, smartphones, gadgets, etc. and these devices are actively used by consumers in everyday life. That's why automatic text recognition needs to be improved and updated day by day. Today, sound automation opens a new facet of Kazakh science. In the written language, the phonemic principle is of special importance. According to this principle, only one grapheme should always be used for each phoneme in the writing system. Such a position will undoubtedly make the letter more coherent and easy to read. Thanks to this, new possibilities of the Kazakh language will be considered. The main results of automatic text recognition can already be seen in the development of the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, which is ready to satisfy the various requests of any reader.
APPLYING CORPUS-BASED METHODS TO ENHANCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Yersultanova G. , Seidaliyeva G. , Kaiyrbekova U.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Corpus of Contemporary American English (СOCA) corpus-based activities on the performance of Kazakhstani students in English Language Teaching (ELT) and the learners' attitudes regarding the corpus-based approach. Thirty-three 2nd year students at Al-Fаrabi Kazakh National University participated in the study (proficiency level in English was Intermediate (B1)). The second-year students were randomized into two intact groups, one for experimentation and the other for control. The participants were expected to learn three grammar structures and vocabulary related to technology, podcasts, and art by the end of the study. Participants in the control group learned grammar and vocabulary structures through coursebook materials, whereas those in the experimental group learned these concepts through corpus-based exercises. The data were collected through pre-test, post-test, and an 8- item-questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale as quantitative instruments. According to a statistical analysis of the posttest findings, the corpus-based exercises proved more successful than the coursebook contents. Furthermore, the approach questionnaire analysis showed that students' views regarding applying corpus-based learning activities in ELT were neutral.
OLD BOOK VOCABULARY IN ABAI'S WORKS AND ITS LINGUO-STATISTICAL FEATURES
Authors: Mursal A. , Zhanabekova A. , Tlegenova G.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the features and frequency of old book vocabulary in the works of Abai Kunanbaiuly through the methods of statistical linguistics, which is a branch of applied linguistics. The aim of the study is to uncover the linguistic characteristics of the poet's legacy and scientifically substantiate the significance of his literary heritage in the context of Kazakh literature and culture. The influence of words borrowed from Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai languages on the Kazakh language, as well as their semantic continuity in modern Kazakh, is analyzed. Additionally the frequency of lexical units is determined using statistical linguistic methods. The works of Abai Kunanbaiuly are a valuable part of Kazakh literature and culture. The old book vocabulary in his works played a significant role in the development of the Kazakh literary language. This study examines the borrowed words in Abai's works from lexical and semantic perspectives, determining their frequency. The relevance of the study lies in identifying the scope and importance of borrowed words in the Kazakh language. The academic complete collection of Abai Kunanbaiuly's works was used as the research material. A text database of 51,207 word usages was created during the lexical analysis. Frequency indicators of words were determined through statistical linguistic methods, and the semantic analysis examined the transition of borrowed words from Arabic, Persian, and Chagatai into the Kazakh language. The study identified the most frequently used words and parts of speech in Abai's works. A high frequency of verbs and nouns was observed (verbs: 14,956 occurrences; nouns: 14,119 occurrences). Old book vocabulary in Abai Kunanbaiuly’s works demonstrates the lexical and semantic richness of the Kazakh language. The results of the statistical linguistic analysis provide quantitative and qualitative evidence of the poet's contribution to national literature and culture. The findings highlight the importance of old book vocabulary in the historical development of Kazakh literature and language.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AUTOCHTHONOUS OCCASIONALISMS IN THE WORKS OF BRANDON SANDERSON
Authors: Altynbekov А. , Sovetova Z. , Veselinov D.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an analysis of occasionalisms in autochthonous languages encountered in the work of renowned fantasy writer Brandon Sanderson. Occasionalisms, the linguistic elements specific to a particular context or event, play a key role in the construction of the countries and cultures of his works, adding authenticity and depth to the universes the writer creates. In this paper, the semantics of occasionalisms is examined alongside with their impact on understanding the cultural specificities and social relations within the authorial world. This phenomenon is examined through the whole text, analyzed statistically and distinguished by modality categories. The aspects of linguistic creativity manifested in the creation of these unique linguistic elements and their role in text and narrative are highlighted. It lightens the fact that linguistic creativity is reflected in the author's idiostyle, which creates unique ethnonyms, paroemias and other language elements recognizable in the author's world and enrich the author's words as they play a key role in shaping the unique artistic experience that distinguishes Sanderson's work from other works of fantasy. This study is important in terms of understanding the authorial text and the relationship between author and reader.
THE “CREATE/DESTROY” DICHOTOMY: EXPLORING COGNITIVE AND STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC ASPECTS
Authors: Balkhimbekova P. , Kurmanayeva A.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of comparative studies of structurally heterogeneous languages has not diminished recently in science. One of the problems attracting such scientific attention is the “creation/destruction” dichotomy in English and Russian. Researchers in this field have prioritised the study of the “creation/destruction” dichotomy in terms of a deep understanding of human cognition and behaviour. This dichotomy includes cognitive and structural-semantic aspects, each of which has a great capacity to convey information from a cognitive perspective. Cognitively, it includes processes such as imagination, creativity, cognitive biases, and mechanisms such as memory, attention, and perception. Structurally and semantically, it takes on a conceptual character that defines the essence and application of structures‘ of “creation/destruction”. The article analyses empirical material in two languages in order to explain the essence of the “creation/destruction” dichotomy found in English and Russian, and describes the relative meaning. The study will consider linguistic, cognitive and structural aspects of the mentioned structure and review the works of researchers and investigators in this field. The paper also discusses the cognitive and structural-semantic aspects of the dichotomy “creation/destruction” and their use in an educational setting. Empirical studies have shown that cooperative learning, reflection, imaginative play, and addressing cognitive biases have a positive impact on the educational experience. Critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and metacognition have been found to be enhanced in students by incorporating these outcomes into the teaching and learning process.
LINGUOCULTURAL AND ETHNOLINGUISTIC ASPECT OF ADJECTIVES DENOTING HUMAN CHARACTER TRAITS
Authors: Baissydyk I. , Rsaliyeva N. , Halym B. , Korbozova A.
Published: January 2025

In general, the psycho-cultural features of a personality, expressing the principles of its existence (clothing, behaviour, culture of speech and other values), reflect the essence of a nation. In particular, the norms of behaviour, considered today as an object of study of psychological science, are also considered a special category from the point of view of linguocultural and ethno-cultural aspects. After all, from the communicative, pragmatic, discursive side, human behaviour reflects the culture not only of different social groups and organisations, but also of one nation or country. Therefore, the study of the concept of behaviour as an ethnolinguistic, linguocultural phenomenon is of great scientific importance. Accordingly, the article considers the ethnocultural sphere of ethnolinguistic adjectives and stable expressions characterising human behaviour. The lexical-semantic groups of adjectives expressing behavioural peculiarities are singled out, the common features of the mentioned lexical units for several cultures are differentiated. The synonymic-antonymic series of adjectives expressing human behaviour with positive and negative semantics was compared with other languages belonging to the Altaic language group and attention was paid to their etymology. The authors, relying on the works of Russian and foreign linguistic scientists, dwelled in detail on the ethnolinguistic meaning of those word units that are not often used in the modern linguistic fund. And also the analysis of the basics of linguoculturology, slangs and invective expressions characterising some negative features of human behaviour was carried out, comparing them with metaphorical comparisons in the Kazakh, Russian, Altai languages. Ethnolinguistics and ethnoculturology view adjectives as a multifaceted phenomenon reflecting the worldview and cultural values of a people. This study integrates these two disciplines to comprehensively analyze the linguistic and cultural heritage of the Kazakh people.
PROSODIC FEATURES OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES
Authors: Kozhamsugirova B. , Bazarbayeva Z.
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the challenges of identifying and describing prosodic characteristics in languages of different types, such as Kazakh and English. It explores the specific features of native language prosody that arise from the interaction of phonetic systems of both native and non-native languages in the speech of bilingual speakers learning a foreign language in academic settings. The prosodic organization of syntagms, which are semantic-intonational and grammatical units of speech, is examined in detail. The research reveals that the syntagm plays a crucial role in describing suprasegmental features of speech, and its prosodic properties depend on the phonetic structure of each language. Differences in the perception of stress in different segments of speech indicate varying functional significance of stress in the systems of Kazakh and English languages. The study utilizes structural analysis of intonation and is descriptive in nature, incorporating analysis of relevant scientific literature on the research topic. This analysis serves as the basis for an in-depth study of the differences between the prosodic structures of the Kazakh and English languages.