bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF DRAINAGE CELL AS TRANSPORT LAYER IN RESIDUAL SOILS
Authors: Haruna Yunusa Gambo , Kassim Azman
Published: June 2016

Transport layer or unsaturated drainage layer is an alternative measure often employed to improve the performance of a capillary barrier system. A capillary barrier is an earthen cover used to prevent rainfall-induced slope failure. In this study, potential of using drainage cell system as transport layer is exploited using laboratory experimental methods. The drainage cell was sandwiched between grade V and grade VI soils in a two-dimensional laboratory slope model to act as transport layer. Coarse particles of gravel were compacted within the drainage cell to facilitate capillary break development at the interface. Each of grade V and grade VI soil was mixed with water content identical to residual water content determined from the soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) of each soil to enable simulation of their initial condition.  Both soils are then compacted in the slope model to their dry densities. The whole set up was subjected to three rainfall intensities of 1.0586 x 10-5 m/s, 1.2014 x 10-6 m/s and 3.7337 x 10-7 m/s for 2 hour, 24 hour and 7 day, respectively. These rainfall intensities were determined from Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve and were applied through a rainfall simulator which is part of the laboratory set up. The results shows that the transport layer formed with drainage cell was capable of producing capillary break and impedes percolation of the infiltrating water into the lower grade V soil layer. The accumulated water was later drained laterally above the interface of grade VI soil and drainage cell transport layer towards the toe of the slope model. In an event that the infiltrating water percolates the drainage cell transport layer due to longer rainfall duration, the drainage cell provides a definite direction through which the infiltrating water flow and diverted laterally. It was found that the modified capillary barrier with drainage cell transport layer performed much better than the conventional capillary barrier system.
STREAMFLOW PREDICTION IN UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS IN THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Abdul Razaq Salaudeen , Ismail Tarmizi , Heryansyah Arien , Awan Umar Faruk L , Alamgir Mahiuddin , Hadi Pour Sahar
Published: June 2016

The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is one of the most vulnerable regions of Malaysia to hydrological disasters, which is believed to become more vulnerable due to climate change. Studies to have better understandings of the hydrological processes in the region are therefore, of paramount importance for disaster risk mitigation. However, unavailability of long-term river discharge data is one of the major constraints of hydrologic studies in the area. The major objective of this study is to predict river discharge in ungauged river basins in the study area. For this purpose, a set of multiple linear regression equations and exponential functions have been developed, which are expressed in the forms of multivariate equations. Available streamflow data along with other catchment characteristics from gauged catchments were used to develop the equations and were subsequently applied to the poorly gauged or ungauged catchments within the study area for prediction of streamflow. In this present study, 4 to 7 explanatory variables were selected as the input variables, which comprise of climatic, geomorphologic, geographic characteristics, soil properties, land use pattern and land cover of the area. Ten flow metrics as maximum, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.90, and 0.95, mean and minimum were therefore predicted. Thus, the results of the developed multivariate equations revealed the model to be capable of   predicting the desired flow metrics at ungauged catchments in the area under consideration with reasonable accuracy.
REVIEW ON THE POTENTIAL USE OF WASTE COOKING PALM OIL IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH OLEIC PALM OIL VIA ENZYMATIC ACIDOLYSIS
Authors: Zaharudin Nor Athirah , Rashid Roslina , Mohamed Esivan Siti Marsilawati , Othman Norasikin , Idris Ani
Published: June 2016

Production of structured lipids (SL) or tailor made fats provides an opportunity for cheap oils and fats to be utilized for the synthesis of high added value products. Much attention is being paid to SL due to their potential biological functions, industrial applications, and nutritional perspectives. The paper reviews the potential of waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) as an alternative substrate for the production of structured lipids especially for the production of high oleic palm oil. Utilization of waste cooking oil for biodiesel productions is well explored. However, WCPO utilization properties are still lacking scientific investigation due to limited chemical and physical functionalities. Therefore, enhancement of WCPO into high quality oil offers an alternative to be utilized for wide range of applications, thus reduce the environmental effect causes by its disposal problems. The paper also reviews and discusses the production of structured lipid via enzymatic acidolysis.
OPTIMIZATION OF COCOA BUTTER EQUIVALENT PRODUCTION FROM FORMULATED HARD PALM OIL MID-FRACTION AND CANOLA OIL BLENDS
Authors: Mutia Reiza , Abang Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz , Muhamad Ida Idayu
Published: June 2016

The study to find cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) as an alternative to cocoa butter (CB) from available and low cost commercial oils or fats has been increased recently. Current study investigates the blending of hard palm oil mid-fraction (PMF) with canola oil to produce high nutritional CBE using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The experiments were designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the percentage of saturated-unsaturated-saturated (StUSt) triacylglycerols (TAGs). The experiment was performed at hard PMF concentration of 50 to 90% (w/w), lipozyme load between 5% and 10% (based on the weight of substrate) with a reaction time between 2 to 14 hours. The best reaction conditions to attain this target was 89.35% (w/w) of hard PMF concentration, 2 hours of reaction time, and 5% (based on the weight of substrate) of lipozyme load, resulting CBE which contains 64.44±1.18% of StUSt. The addition of canola oil improved the nutritional value of CBE which was marked by the higher percentage of linoleic acid (omega-6, 4.53±0.06%) and linolenic acid (omega-3, 0.74±0.14%) in CBE than CB (omega-6, 2.68±0.34%). Enzymatic interesterification was not altering fatty acid content in the CBE, especially linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3) which was characterized by no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the fatty acid profile of initial mixture (before interesterification) and CBE (after interesterification).
AN ACTIVITY PREDICTION MODEL USING SHAPE-BASED DESCRIPTOR METHOD
Authors: Hamza Hentabli , Salim Naomie , Saeed Faisal
Published: June 2016

Similarity searching, the activity of an unknown compound (target) is predicted through the comparison of an unknown compound with a set of known activities of compounds. The known activities of the most similar compounds are assigned to the unknown compound. Different machine learning methods and Multilevel Neighborhoods of Atoms (MNA) structure descriptors have been applied for the activities prediction. In this paper, we introduced a new activity prediction model with Shape-Based Descriptor Method (SBDM) .Experimental results show that SBDM-MNA provides a useful method of using the prior knowledge of target class information (active and inactive compounds) of predicting the activity of orphan compounds. To validate our method, we have applied the SBDM-MNA to different established data sets from literature and compare its performance with the classical MNA descriptor for activity prediction.
Is markerless acquisition technique adequate for speech production?
Authors: Ouni Slim , Dahmani Sara
Published: June 2016

In this study, the precision of markerless acquisition techniques have been assessed when used to acquire articulatory data for speech production studies. Two different markerless systems have been evaluated and compared to a marker-based one. The main finding is that both markerless systems provide a reasonable result during normal speech and the quality is uneven during fast articulated speech. The quality of the data is dependent on the temporal resolution of the markerless system.
Constitutive issues associated with LAOS experimental techniques
Authors: Garinei A. , Pucci E.
Published: June 2016

Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is a rheological test method for the characterization of viscoelastic nonlinear materials. The correlation between the characteristic parameters obtained from measurements and theoretical models is a complex issue, one that requires the extraction of significant data from the measurements in order to identify corresponding models. Alternatively, a process of deductive logic may be useful in predicting typical behaviors of the materials through modeling which can then be verified by the analysis of measured data. The aim of this work is to highlight the potential of this logical deductive approach regarding LAOS testing. For this purpose, a LAOS is analytically simulated for an isotropic viscoelastic material of a differential type, with cubic nonlinearities and a correspondence of the Fourier coefficients. This is how nonlinearity parameters of the model are obtained. It can be seen that each nonlinearity parameter depends on Fourier coefficients through one of the new measures introduced by Ewoldt et al. [J. Rheol. 52, 1427–1458 (2008)] in 2008. Analysis of the function which represents shear stress suggests new interpretations of the experimental results and highlights how characteristics of the model can be compared with typical behaviors of the Lissajous–Bowditch plots.
The Effect of Contextual Factors on Physiological and Activity Profiles in International Women’s Rugby Sevens
Authors: Goodale Tyler L. , Gabbett Tim J. , Tsai Ming-Chang , Stellingwerff Trent , Sheppard Jeremy
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of contextual game factors on activity and physiological profiles of international-level women’s rugby sevens players.

Methods:

Twenty international-level female rugby sevens players from the same national team participated in this study. Global positioning system and heart-rate data were collected at 5 World Rugby Women’s Sevens Series events (2013–14 season).

Results:

Total, moderate-speed (0.2–3.5 m/s), and high-speed running (3.5–5.0 m/s) distances were significantly greater in the first half (20.1% ± 4.1%, 17.6% ± 6.9%, 24.5% ± 7.8%), during losses (11.4% ± 6.1%, 6.1% ± 6.4%, 26.9% ± 9.8%), during losses of large magnitudes (≥2 tries) (12.9% ± 8.8%, 6.8% ± 10.0%, 31.2% ± 14.9%), and against top-4 opponents (12.6% ± 8.7%, 11.3% ± 8.5%, 15.5% ± 13.9%). In addition, total distance increased (5.0% ± 5.5%) significantly from day 1 to day 2 of tournaments, and very-high-speed (5.0–6.5 m/s) running distance increased significantly (26.0% ± 14.2%) during losses. Time spent between 90% and 100% of maximum heart rate (16.4% ± 14.5%) and player load (19.0% ± 5.1%) were significantly greater in the second half. No significant differences in physiological or activity profiles were observed between forwards and backs.

Conclusions:

Game half, game outcome, tournament day, opponent rank, and margin of outcome all affected activity profiles, whereas game half affected physiological profiles. No differences in activity or physiological profiles were found between playing positions. Practitioners are advised to develop high-speed running ability in women’s rugby sevens players to prepare them to tolerate the varying factors that affect activity profiles.
Changes in Mobility and Muscle Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy after Gait Training: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hegarty Amy K. , Kurz Max J. , Stuberg Wayne , Silverman Anne K.
Published: June 2016

The goal of this pilot study was to characterize the effects of gait training on the capacity of muscles to produce body accelerations and relate these changes to mobility improvements seen in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Five children (14 years ± 3 y; GMFCS I-II) with spastic diplegic CP participated in a 6-week gait training program. Changes in 10-m fast-as-possible walking speed and 6-minute walking endurance were used to assess changes in mobility. In addition, musculoskeletal modeling was used to determine the potential of lower-limb muscles to accelerate the body’s center of mass vertically and forward during stance. The mobility changes after the training were mixed, with some children demonstrating vast improvements, while others appeared to be minimal. However, the musculoskeletal results revealed unique responses for each child. The most common changes occurred in the capacity for the hip and knee extensors to produce body support and the hip flexors to produce body propulsion. These results cannot yet be generalized to the broad population of children with CP, but demonstrate that therapy protocols may be enhanced by modeling analyses. The pilot study results provide motivation for gait training emphasizing upright leg posture, mediolateral balance, and ankle push-off.
Difference in Functional Performance on the Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test Between High School Baseball Players and Wrestlers
Authors: Myers Heather , Poletti Mary , Butler Robert J.
Published: June 2016

Context:

The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ) is a unique movement test where individuals perform at the limits of their stability, requiring the coordination of balance, proprioception, range of motion, and stabilization. It is not yet clear if performance on the YBT-UQ differs between sports with dissimilar emphasis on upper-extremity performance.

Objective:

To compare performance on the YBT-UQ between wrestlers, whose sport requires some degree of closed-chain activity, and baseball players, whose sport is primarily open kinetic chain in nature.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

High school preparticipation physical assessment.

Participants:

24 healthy high school male wrestlers (mean age 16.12 ± 1.24 y) and 24 healthy high school male baseball players (mean age 15.79 ± 1.25 y).

Interventions:

All subjects performed the YBT-UQ, which requires reaching in 3 directions while maintaining a push-up position.

Main Outcome Measures:

The variables of interest include the maximum reach in each direction, as well as the composite score. In addition, asymmetries between limbs for each reach direction were compared.

Results:

Wrestlers performed significantly better than baseball players in the medial direction, inferolateral direction, and in composite scores. In the medial direction, wrestlers exhibited greater scores (P < .01) on both left and right limbs, 10.5 ± 10.2%LL and 9.95 ± 10.2%LL, respectively. Significant differences (P < .01) were also observed in the inferolateral direction, with a difference of 11.3 ± 12.0%LL on the left and 8.7 ± 11.0%LL on the right. Composite scores were higher (P < .01) for the wrestlers, with a difference of 7.0% on the left and 7.1% on the right.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that wrestlers perform better on the YBT-UQ than baseball players. The findings may suggest sport-specific normative data for the YBT-UQ in high school athletes.
Balance Training Versus Balance Training With STARS in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Burcal Christopher J. , Trier Alejandra Y. , Wikstrom Erik A.
Published: June 2016

Context:

Both balance training and selected interventions meant to target sensory structures (STARS) have been shown to be effective at restoring deficits associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Clinicians often use multiple treatment modalities in patients with CAI. However, evidence for combined intervention effectiveness in CAI patients remains limited.

Objective:

To determine if augmenting a balance-training protocol with STARS (BTS) results in greater improvements than balance training (BT) alone in those with CAI.

Design:

Randomized-controlled trial.

Setting:

Research laboratory.

Patients:

24 CAI participants (age 21.3 ± 2.0 y; height 169.8 ± 12.9 cm; mass 72.5 ± 22.2 kg) were randomized into 2 groups: BT and BTS.

Interventions:

Participants completed a 4-week progression-based balance-training protocol consisting of 3 20-min sessions per week. The experimental group also received a 5-min set of STARS treatments consisting of calf stretching, plantar massage, ankle joint mobilizations, and ankle joint traction before each balance-training session.

Main Outcome Measures:

Outcomes included self-assessed disability, Star Excursion Balance Test reach distance, and time-to-boundary calculated from static balance trials. All outcomes were assessed before, and 24-hours and 1-week after protocol completion. Self-assessed disability was also captured 1-month after the intervention.

Results:

No significant group differences were identified (P > .10). Both groups demonstrated improvements in all outcome categories after the interventions (P < .10), many of which were retained at 1-week posttest (P < .10). Although 90% CIs include zero, effect sizes favor BTS. Similarly, only the BTS group exceeded the minimal detectable change for time-to-boundary outcomes.

Conclusions:

While statistically no more effective, exceeding minimal detectable change scores and favorable effect sizes suggest that a 4-week progressive BTS program may be more effective at improving self-assessed disability and postural control in CAI patients than balance training in isolation.
Atherothrombotic non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in a 42-year-old white female with no known cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Marshall William
Published: June 2016

Coronary artery disease (CAD) in the absence of known cardiovascular risk factors is rare. This is the case report of a 42-year-old white female who was admitted with a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The patient had seen her general practitioner (GP) in the 2 weeks prior to this with exertional chest pain. She had no known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and other possible underlying aetiologies were ruled out. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the culprit lesion in the left anterior descending artery. She was discharged on guideline-directed medical therapy and the Dianette contraceptive pill she was taking was stopped. This case serves to remind us that CAD can occur in a variety of patients including premenopausal females and in the absence of known risk factors. It also emphasises that patients presenting with a convincing history of typical angina require prompt investigations, regardless of their apparent level of risk.
The first cases of collagenous sprue successfully treated with thioguanine
Authors: van Gils Tom , van de Donk Tine , Bouma Gerd , van Delft Foke , Neefjes-Borst E Andra , Mulder Chris J J
Published: June 2016

Objective

Collagenous sprue (CS) is a rare form of small bowel enteropathy characterised by a thickened basement membrane and is, in most of the literature, reported as part of coeliac disease. Multiple treatment strategies are suggested in CS, but there is no standardised therapy. The aim of this series is to describe 4 cases of CS and to propose thioguanine (6-TG) treatment.

Design

We reviewed 4 cases of CS. Data were obtained from our prospective database of patients referred to our coeliac centre. Evaluation of small bowel biopsies was performed by an expert pathologist.

Results

None of the patients had ever had coeliac-specific antibodies, and all were negative for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 phenotype. Three patients were treated with a combination of 6-TG and budesonide, and 1 patient received 6-TG only. All patients improved remarkably. Normalisation of the thickened basement membrane was found in 2 patients and complete histological improvement including full recovery of villi was found in 1 patient. In the third patient, the thickened basement membrane was only very focally recognised. The thickened membrane persisted in the last patient, probably because of the short time of follow-up.

Conclusions

CS should be separated from coeliac disease. Based on the lack of typical HLA phenotyping and the absence of coeliac-specific antibodies, there seems to be no relation with coeliac disease in these 4 cases. A promising treatment option might be 6-TG with or without budesonide. Research in a larger cohort is needed to standardise treatment for CS.
Evaluating the effects of nonlinear optical gain and thermal carrier escape on the performance of InGaAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot lasers
Authors: Kashiri M. , Asgari A.
Published: June 2016

The present paper reports the effects of nonlinear optical gain and thermal carrier escape on light-current characteristics in self-assembled quantum dot (QD) lasers based on a rate equation model. Comparison of the obtained simulated results with empirical findings showed that it is necessary to consider the effects of thermal carrier escape and nonlinear optical gain in order to evaluate dynamic and static characteristics of self-assembled QD lasers. Moreover, it was revealed that the describing terms of the thermal carrier escape from QDs is not enough in order to describe the effects of temperature on dynamics of carrier escape. Also, it was found that rate of (thermal) carriers stimulation depends directly on the inhomogeneous broadening (IHB). In other words, changes of IHB effects on the dynamics of thermal carrier changes. In addition, the results showed that optimized amount of homogenous broadening (HB) in which the maximum emission occurs in the central mode depended on both IHB and temperature. Comparing two conditions of linear and total optical gain illustrated that output power decreases if linear gain is replaced by total gain; also, lasing emissions broadens and number of lasing modes increases by increase in current. Investigating the effect of carrier’s relaxation lifetime on output power showed that increase of relaxation lifetime increases the threshold current and decreases the output power and slope efficiency. Furthermore, increase in relaxation lifetime caused decline in maximum output power and broadening of lasing spectrum.
Vibrational properties at the ordered metallic surface alloy system Au(110)-1×2-Pd
Authors: Kheffache Sedik , Chadli Rabah , Khater Antoine
Published: June 2016

We present a calculation for the vibrational properties of the ordered surface alloy Au(110)-1×2-Pd on a crystalline substrate of Au. The surface phonon dispersion curves and the local vibrations densities of states (LDOS) are calculated in the harmonic approximation for the system, using the phase field matching theory (PFMT) method and associated real space Green’s functions. In particular, it is shown that the surface alloy presents optic vibrational modes above the Au bulk bands, along the directions of high-symmetry [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the corresponding two-dimensional Brillouin zone. Measurements of the surface phonon dispersion branches can hence be made by different techniques such as helium atom scattering (HAS) to compare with. The calculated LDOS for Au and Pd atomic sites in the four top surface atomic layers span a wider range of frequencies than those for the individual Au(110) or Pd(110) metallic surfaces. These LDOS provide a spectral signature for the progressive transition from the surface dynamics to that of the Au crystal bulk. Knowledge of these LDOS for the surface alloy can also serve as an input for modeling the diffusion and reaction rates of chemical species at its surface.
Controlling and synchronizing the spatiotemporal chaos of photorefractive ring oscillators with coupling
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Feng Xiuqin , Tian Zuolin , Yao Zhihai
Published: June 2016

We present the control and synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos in the photo-refractive ring oscillator systems with coupling technology. First, we realize the synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos in the two photorefractive ring oscillator systems via mutual coupling by choosing a suitable coupling strength. With the mutual coupling strength enlarging, the two mutual coupling photorefractive ring oscillator systems are controlled into periodic state, period number differs on account of the coupling strength and lattice coordinates. By increasing the coupling strength, the photorefractive ring oscillator is converted into period 8, subsequently it is converted into periods 4 and 2, periodic synchronization of the photorefractive ring oscillator systems is achieved at the same time. Calculation results show that period 1 is impossible by mutual coupling technology. Then, we investigate the influence of noise and parameter deviation on chaotic synchronization. We find that mutual coupling chaotic synchronization method can synchronize two chaotic systems with the weak noise and parameter deviation and has very good robustness. Given that the weak noise and parameter deviation have a slight effect on synchronization. Furthermore, we investigate two dimension control and synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos in the photorefractive ring osillator systems with coupling technology and get successful results. Mutual coupling technology is suitable in practical photorefractive ring oscillator systems.
Reliability Tradeoffs in Design of Volatile and Nonvolatile Caches
Authors: Mittal Sparsh , Vetter Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2016

Researchers have explored both volatile memories (e.g., SRAM and embedded DRAM) and nonvolatile memories (NVMs, such as resistive RAM) for design of on-chip caches. However, both volatile and nonvolatile memories present unique reliability challenges. NVMs are immune to radiation-induced soft errors, however, due to their limited write endurance, they are vulnerable to hard errors under nonuniform write distribution. By contrast, SRAM has high write endurance but is susceptible to soft errors due to cosmic radiation. SRAM–NVM hybrid caches and the management techniques for them aim to bring the best of SRAM and NVM together, however, the reliability implications of them have not been well understood. In this paper, we show that there are inherent tradeoffs in improving resilience to hard and soft errors in hybrid caches such that mitigating one may result in aggravating another. We confirm this by experiments with two recent hybrid cache management techniques. We also re-examine cache design trends in modern processors from reliability perspective. This paper provides valuable insights to system developers for making reliability-aware design decisions.
Heavy-ion physics at the LHC: Review of Run I results
Authors: Bala Renu , Bautista Irais , Bielčíková Jana , Ortiz Antonio
Published: June 2016

In this work, we review what we consider are some of the most relevant results of heavy-ion physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper is not intended to cover all the many important results of the experiments, instead we present a brief overview of the current status on the characterization of the hot and dense Quantum-Chromo Dynamics (QCD) medium produced in the heavy-ion collisions. Recent exciting results which are still under debate are discussed too, leading to intriguing questions like whether we have a real or fake Quark-Gulon Plasma (QGP) formation in small systems.
Are the collective phenomena a universal feature of the hadronic matter created in p–p, p–A and A–A colliding systems?
Authors: Flores Eleazar Cuautle
Published: June 2016

Collective phenomena in ion–ion collisions are well-known, but the research in small systems, like proton–proton and proton-lead, is starting both from the experimental and theoretical side. In this paper, we present a short review of the most important observables related to flow, as well as phenomenological results to explain the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider results. Different variables and their relations to collectivity in small systems are discussed.
Cusps and exotic charmonia
Authors: Swanson E. S.
Published: June 2016

A simple, causal and analytic model of final state rescattering is used to describe all available data on the exotic resonances [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The model provides a compelling and accurate representation of experiment with no need for poles in the scattering matrix.
THERMO-DIFFUSION AND DIFFUSO-THERMO EFFECTS ON MHD SQUEEZING FLOW BETWEEN PARALLEL DISKS
Authors: KHAN SHEIKH IRFANULLAH , MOHYUD-DIN SYED TAUSEEF , BIN-MOHSIN BANDAR
Published: June 2016

In this article, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) squeezing flow between two parallel disks is considered. The upper disk is taken to be solid and the lower one is permeable. Soret and Dufour effects are measured to explore the thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects. Governing PDEs are converted into system of ODEs with the support of suitable similarity transforms. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) has been employed to obtain the expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Effects of different emerging parameters such as squeezing number [Formula: see text], Hartman number [Formula: see text], Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, dimensionless length [Formula: see text] and Schmidt number Sc on the flow are also discussed with the help of graphs for velocity, temperature and concentration. The local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers along with convergence of the series solutions are presented with the help of graphs. From the results obtained, we observed that the physical quantities like skin friction coefficient increases with increasing value of Hartmann number [Formula: see text] in the blowing case [Formula: see text] whereas a fall is observed in the suction case [Formula: see text]. However, the rate of heat transfer at upper wall increases with increasing values of Dufour number Du and Soret number Sr for both the suction [Formula: see text] and blowing flow [Formula: see text], whereas, for the larger values of Dufour number Du and smaller values of Soret number Sr, a rapid fall is observed in Sherwood number Sh for both the suction [Formula: see text] and blowing [Formula: see text] cases. A numerical solution is obtained by employing Runge–Kutta method of order four (RK-4) to check the validity and reliability of the developed algorithm. A well agreement is found between both the solutions.
DOES CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE LONG HEAD OF BICEPS TENDON RENDER SHOULDER UNSTABLE LEADING TO BONY BANKART AND POSTERIOR LABRAL TEAR: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Vijayan Sandeep , Hafiz Nazar , Deepika N. , Acharya Kiran
Published: June 2016

Congenital absence of the long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) is a very rare entity. With its debatable role in shoulder stability, the literature provides few reports of absent LHBT and its association with shoulder instability or pain. Reports of instability are associated with labral tear or attenuation of glenohumeral ligaments. We are first time reporting a case of congenital absence of the LHBT and associated bony Bankart’s lesion and posterior labral tear.
Strongly unit nil-clean rings
Authors: Chen Huanyin , Sheibani Marjan
Published: June 2016

An element in a ring is strongly nil-clean, if it is the sum of an idempotent and a nilpotent element that commute. A ring [Formula: see text] is strongly unit nil-clean, if for any [Formula: see text] there exists a unit [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] is strongly nil-clean. We prove, in this paper, that a ring [Formula: see text] is strongly unit nil-clean, if and only if every element in [Formula: see text] is equivalent to a strongly nil-clean element, if and only if for any [Formula: see text], there exists a unit [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] is strongly [Formula: see text]-regular. Strongly unit nil-clean matrix rings are investigated as well.
On the line graphs of zero-divisor graphs of posets
Authors: Khorsandi Mahdi Reza , Shekofteh Atefeh
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study the zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] of a poset [Formula: see text] and its line graph [Formula: see text]. We characterize all posets whose [Formula: see text] are star, finite complete bipartite or finite. Also, we prove that the diameter of [Formula: see text] is at most 3 while its girth is either 3, 4 or [Formula: see text]. We also characterize [Formula: see text] in terms of their diameter and girth. Finally, we classify all posets [Formula: see text] whose [Formula: see text] are planar.
On the atomic structure of Puiseux monoids
Authors: Gotti Felix
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study the atomic structure of the family of Puiseux monoids, i.e. the additive submonoids of [Formula: see text]. Puiseux monoids are a natural generalization of numerical semigroups, which have been actively studied since mid-19th century. Unlike numerical semigroups, the family of Puiseux monoids contains non-finitely generated representatives. Even more interesting is that there are many Puiseux monoids which are not even atomic. We delve into these situations, describing, in particular, a vast collection of commutative cancellative monoids containing no atoms. On the other hand, we find several characterization criteria which force Puiseux monoids to be atomic. Finally, we classify the atomic subfamily of strongly bounded Puiseux monoids over a finite set of primes.
IN-SILICO MODELING OF LEFT VENTRICLE TO SIMULATE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND CF-LVAD SUPPORT
Authors: BOZKURT SELİM
Published: June 2016

Numerical modeling of the left ventricle dynamics plays an important role in testing different physiological scenarios and treatment techniques before the in vitro and in vivo assessments. However, utilized left ventricle model becomes vital in the simulations because validity of the results depends on the response of the numerical model to the parameter changes and additional sub-models for the applied treatment techniques. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate different numerical left ventricle models describing healthy and failing ventricle dynamics as well as the response of these models under continuous flow left ventricular assist device support. Six different numerical left ventricle models which include time varying elastance and single fiber contraction approaches are selected and applied in combination with a closed loop electric analogue of the circulation to achieve this purpose. The time varying elastace models relate ventricular pressure and volume changes in a simplistic way while the single fiber contraction models combine different scales ranging from protein to organ level. Change of the hemodynamic signals at the organ level for healthy, failing and CF-LVAD supported left ventricle models shows functionality of these models and helps to understand usability of them for different purposes.
Gabor-scale binary pattern for face recognition
Authors: Li Zhi-Ming , Huang Zheng-Hai , Zhang Ting
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a novel face descriptor, the Gabor-scale binary pattern (GSBP), is proposed to explore the neighboring relationship in spatial, frequency and orientation domains for the purpose of face recognition. In order to extract the GSBP feature, the Gabor-scale volume and the Gabor-scale vector are introduced by using a group of Gabor wavelet coefficients with a special orientation. Moreover, the Gabor-scale length pattern and the Gabor-scale ratio pattern are proposed. Compared with the existed methods, GSBP utilizes the deep relations between neighboring Gabor subimages instead of directly combining Gabor wavelet transform and local binary pattern. For estimating the performance of GSBP, we compare the proposed method with the related methods on several popular face databases, including LFW, FERET, AR, Yale and Extended YaleB databases. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several popular face recognition methods.
Breaking of parallelograms in presence of torsion: An equivalent alternative approach to detect gravitational waves
Authors: Nayeh S. , Latifi A. , Arbabi Bidgoli S. , Ghominejad M.
Published: June 2016

The equations for gravitational plane waves produced by a typical binary system as a solution of linear approximation of Einstein equations are derived. The dynamics of the corresponding gravitational field is analyzed in a four-dimensional space-time manifold, endowed with a metric and taking into account torsion. In this context, the geometrical reason of the existence of torsion due to the presence of gravitational waves (GW) is highlighted and the geodesic deviation is obtained taking into account both curvature and torsion. In a laser interferometer gravitational detector, the delay time between the arrivals of the two laser beams traveling back and forth along the two arms in presence of gravitational waves is interpreted from this point of view. This delay is calculated for the NS–NS binary pulsar (1913 + 16) in two specific orientations with respect to the experimental device, corresponding to different polarizations of gravitational waves. In the specific case of this example, it is shown that the results obtained in the context of the standard general relativity (GR) and in the framework of teleparallel gravity are equivalent.
Synthesis of Ag(II) 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and its facile demetalation to 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin
Authors: Ravindran Sasitha Vidyarini , Pennathur Anuj Krishnasundar , Devi G. Nandhini , Pennathur Gautam
Published: June 2016

A novel one-step strategy for the synthesis of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin using AgIIOBP is described. AgIIOBP was synthesized and was. Bromination of AgIITPP was carried out in a one-step reaction by varying the subsequently demetalated using H2S time interval and stoichiometric addition of Br2. The molecular weight of the halogenated porphyrin was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The synthesis of Ag(II) 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin was followed by demetalation of Ag(II) ion from the halogenated porphyrin. The demetalation of was carried out under mild conditions using sodium sulphide in trifluoroacetic acid. The time taken for the demetalation was considerably lesser than previously reported and which facilitated a simple way for the isolation of the final product in good yield. The yield of the free base was 98%. The formation of the product and purity was confirmed by 1H NMR, Mass spectrometry. UV-visible spectrophotometer clearly showed the appearance of a characteristic Q-band of the octa-brominated porphyrin.
Generalized incomplete poly-Bernoulli polynomials and generalized incomplete poly-Cauchy polynomials
Authors: Komatsu Takao , Luca Florian
Published: June 2016

By using the restricted and associated Stirling numbers of the first kind, we define the generalized restricted and associated poly-Cauchy polynomials. By using the restricted and associated Stirling numbers of the second kind, we define the generalized restricted and associated poly-Bernoulli polynomials. These polynomials are generalizations of original poly-Cauchy polynomials and original poly-Bernoulli polynomials, respectively. We also study their characteristic and combinatorial properties.
λ
> 4
Authors: Barequet Gill , Rote Günter , Shalah Mira
Published: June 2016

The universal constant
λ
, the growth constant of polyominoes (think Tetris pieces), is rigorously proved to be greater than 4.
Reversible Synthesis of Symmetric Functions with a Simple Regular Structure and Easy Testability
Authors: Deb Arighna , Das Debesh K. , Rahaman Hafizur , Wille Robert , Drechsler Rolf , Bhattacharya Bhargab B.
Published: June 2016

In this article, we introduce a novel method of synthesizing symmetric Boolean functions with reversible logic gates. In contrast to earlier approaches, the proposed technique deploys a simple, regular, and cascaded structure consisting of an array of Peres and CNOT gates, which results in significant reduction with respect to the quantum cost. However, the number of circuit inputs may increase slightly when such cascades are used. In order to reduce their number, we next propose a postsynthesis optimization phase that allows judicious reuse of circuit lines. In addition to offering a cost-effective synthesis methodology, the proposed reversible logic structure supports elegant testability properties. With respect to all single or partial missing gate faults (SMGFs and PMGFs), or repeated gate faults (RGFs) in such an
n
-input circuit module, we show that it admits a universal test set of constant cardinality (=3) for any value of
n
. Thus, considering both the cost and testability issues, this approach provides a superior option for synthesizing symmetric functions compared to existing designs.
Online Handwritten Gurmukhi Strokes Dataset Based on Minimal Set of Words
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Sharma Anuj , Chhabra Indu
Published: June 2016

The online handwriting data are an integral part of data analysis and classification research, as collected handwritten data offers many challenges to group handwritten stroke classes. The present work has been done for grouping handwritten strokes from the Indic script Gurmukhi. Gurmukhi is the script of the popular and widely spoken language Punjabi. The present work includes development of the dataset of Gurmukhi words in the context of online handwriting recognition for real-life use applications, such as maps navigation. We have collected the data of 100 writers from the largest cities in the Punjab region. The writers’ variations, such as writing skill level (beginner, moderate, and expert), gender, right or left handedness, and their adaptability to digital handwriting, have been considered in dataset development. We have introduced a novel technique to form handwritten stroke classes based on a limited set of words. The presence of all alphabets including vowels of Gurmukhi script has been considered before selection of a word. The developed dataset includes 39,411 strokes from handwritten words and forms 72 classes of strokes after using a k-means clustering technique and manual verification through expert and moderate writers. We have achieved recognition results using the Hidden Markov Model as 87.10%, 85.43%, and 84.33% for middle zone strokes when using training data as 66%, 50%, and 80% of the developed dataset. The present work is a step in a direction to find groups for unknown handwriting strokes with reasonably higher levels of accuracy.
Apple v. Samsung
and the upcoming design patent wars?
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: June 2016

Assessing an important recent design patent infringement court decision.
How Charles Bachman invented the DBMS, a foundation of our digital world
Authors: Haigh Thomas
Published: June 2016

His 1963 Integrated Data Store set the template for all subsequent database management systems.
Identifying Liver Cancer-Related Enhancer SNPs by Integrating GWAS and Histone Modification ChIP-seq Data
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Hu Yang , Wu Xiaoliang , Ma Rui , Jiang Qinghua , Wang Yadong
Published: June 2016

Many disease-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been inferred from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that some SNPs located in protein-coding regions are associated with numerous diseases by affecting gene expression. However, in noncoding regions, the mechanism of how SNPs contribute to disease susceptibility remains unclear. Enhancer elements are functional segments of DNA located in noncoding regions that play an important role in regulating gene expression. The SNPs located in enhancer elements may affect gene expression and lead to disease. We presented a method for identifying liver cancer-related enhancer SNPs through integrating GWAS and histone modification ChIP-seq data. We identified 22 liver cancer-related enhancer SNPs, 9 of which were regulatory SNPs involved in distal transcriptional regulation. The results highlight that these enhancer SNPs may play important roles in liver cancer.
Estimates of Fractional Integral Operators on Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces
Authors: Tang Canqin , Wu Qing , Xu Jingshi
Published: June 2016

By some estimates for the variable fractional maximal operator, the authors prove that the fractional integral operator is bounded and satisfies the weak-type inequality on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces.
Quantification of Rifaximin in Tablets by Spectrophotometric Method Ecofriendly in Ultraviolet Region
Authors: Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: June 2016

Rifaximin is an oral nonabsorbable antibiotic that acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract with minimal systemic adverse effects. It does not have spectrophotometric method ecofriendly in the ultraviolet region described in official compendiums and literature. The analytical techniques for determination of rifaximin reported in the literature require large amount of time to release results and are significantly onerous. Furthermore, they use toxic reagents both for the operator and environment and, therefore, cannot be considered environmentally friendly analytical techniques. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an ecofriendly spectrophotometric method in the ultraviolet region to quantify rifaximin in tablets. The method was validated, showing linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. It was linear over the concentration range of 10–30 mg L−1with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9999 and limits of detection and quantification of 1.39 and 4.22 mg L−1, respectively. The validated method is useful and applied for the routine quality control of rifaximin, since it is simple with inexpensive conditions and fast in the release of results, optimizes analysts and equipment, and uses environmentally friendly solvents, being considered a green method, which does not prejudice either the operator or the environment.
Alteration of Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Extracts of Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum)
Authors: Muzila Mbaki , Rumpunen Kimmo , Wright Helen , Roberts Helen , Grant Melissa , Nybom Hilde , Sehic Jasna , Ekholm Anders , Widén Cecilia
Published: June 2016

Harpagophytum, Devil’s Claw, is a genus of tuberiferous xerophytic plants native to southern Africa. Some of the taxa are appreciated for their medicinal effects and have been traditionally used to relieve symptoms of inflammation. The objectives of this pilot study were to investigate the antioxidant capacity and the content of total phenols, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and selected iridoids, as well as to investigate the capacity of various Harpagophytum taxa in suppressing respiratory burst in terms of reactive oxygen species produced by human neutrophils challenged with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonised Staphylococcus aureus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Harpagophytum plants were classified into different taxa according to morphology, and DNA analysis was used to confirm the classification. A putative new variety of H. procumbens showed the highest degree of antioxidative capacity. Using PMA, three Harpagophytum taxa showed anti‐inflammatory effects with regard to the PBS control. A putative hybrid between H. procumbens and H. zeyheri in contrast showed proinflammatory effect on the response of neutrophils to F. nucleatum in comparison with treatment with vehicle control. Harpagophytum taxa were biochemically very variable and the response in suppressing respiratory burst differed. Further studies with larger number of subjects are needed to corroborate anti‐inflammatory effects of different taxa of Harpagophytum.