bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Pork Freshness Indicators When Stored at Positive Temperatures
Authors: Andreeva L V
Published: September 2021

The article examines the processes occurring during the ripening of pork meat during storage at a temperature of 0–4 °C. Particular attention is paid to a group of chemical indicators of freshness of raw meat: acidity (pH), mass fraction of sodium chloride, and the presence of protein breakdown products. The author concludes that instrumental methods, along with methods of organoleptic control of raw meat, make it possible to assess the properties of meat more accurately. Based on the study of samples, it was established that measuring the pH (acidity) of meat 24 hours after slaughter and in the subsequent period allows characterizing in detail the autolysis process and detect signs of NOR, PSE or DED. Considering changes in pH values, it is possible to determine the direction of use of raw meat. It was revealed that the mass fraction of sodium chloride does not change during maturation and storage under the conditions under study. In all samples, the presence of protein degradation products was not detected.
Possibilities of Using Biologically Active Substances of Iceland Moss
Authors: Antropova G A , Zheznyakovskaya L F , Egorova E S , Okonenko T I , Proshina L G
Published: September 2021

Despite the emergence of new biotechnological methods of processing plant raw materials, modern medicine and pharmaceuticals are far from fully using phytotherapeutic drugs in treatment, due to the shortage of some types of medicinal plant raw materials. Mainly, a separate study of the constituent components is carried out, which makes it difficult to predict the pharmacological effect of the drug. Iceland moss is widespread in Russia and is a source of valuable substances. The article shows numerous studies of the beneficial properties of plant materials. The analysis of drugs and dietary supplements registered in the Russian Federation based on Iceland moss was carried out. The active substances in plant raw materials were determined, the conditions for the production of infusions and decoctions were proposed.
Reproductive Ability and Milk Production of Ewes with Different Variants of Linear Selection
Authors: Chernobai E N , Rezun N A , Agarkova N A
Published: September 2021

This article studied the reproductive capacity and milk production of ewes with various combinations of lines. It was found that the highest fecundity was possessed by animals of the III group from the interline selection of rams of the ME-50 line and ewes of the AC-30 line and amounted to 139.6%, which is higher than that of their peers of the I, II and IV groups by 4.2; 9.8 and 4.8 abs. percent. With intralinear selection, the animals of group I (line ME-50) were the best in this indicator, compared with animals of group II (line AC-30) by 5.6 abs. percent. The best safety of lambs before weaning (4.5 months) was observed in animals of group IV obtained from interline selection of rams of the AC-30 line and ewes of the ME-50 line and amounted to 93.5%, which is 1.2% higher than in their peers in groups I, II and III; 1.7 and 1.0 abs. percent. The highest milkiness of ewes with intraline selection, both for little rams and for young ewes, was in animals of group I (line ME-50), which surpassed in milkiness their peers of group II (line AC-30) reliably for little rams by 18.3% (P < 0.001), and for young ewes by 3.1% (P> 0.05). The superiority in milkiness of animals of group III over their peers of group I was 6.8% in little rams (P <0.001), and in young ewes–by 5.6% (P <0.01).
Innovative Technologies in Cosmetic Industry in Development of Biotechnology of Whey-Based Concentrates
Authors: Chikatueva M A , Voblikova T V , Abakumova E A , Khramtsov A G
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the relevance of the development of an innovative cosmetic product for hair based on lactoserum with a prophylactic property, since it contains enzymes, vitamins and amino acids. The article describes the results of studies on the quality and safety of whey hair shampoo during its production and use. The results of the optimal concentration of milk whey as a basis for shampoo in the analysis of organoleptic parameters are presented, the content of vitamins is determined, the possibility of the combined use of milk whey and beer wort in order to obtain the highest quality concentrate for shampoo is studied, the quality and safety indicators of the finished product are studied.
Ecological and Economic Regulators of Soil Fertility Reproduction
Authors: Efimova S V , Putintseva N Yu
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the regulators of the reproduction of soil fertility, motivating investment, including technological interest. For the first time, the relationship between technological rent and agrochemical methods of soil cultivation has been revealed. The factors of technological rent have been substantiated and methodological techniques for its calculation have been tested. Recommendations are formulated for the use of natural and technological rent in the regulation of the reproduction of soil fertility.
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test of Lactic Acid Starter Cultures
Authors: Gunkova P I , Buchilina A S , Maksimiuk N N , Bazarnova Y G , Girel K S
Published: September 2021

The sugar fermentation activity of lactic acid bacteria plays a significant part in the production of plant-based fermented foods. Lactic acid bacteria are demanding on nutrients in the medium. They generate energy only during the breakdown of carbohydrates. Lactic acid bacteria do not ferment polysaccharides like starch ordextrinsbecause they lack the necessary hydrolytic enzymes. Lactose is absent in plants, but this sugar is important for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Due to the increased demand for the alternative fermented dairy products, it is necessary to know the ability of starter culturesto ferment various carbohydrates. The results of a study of the sugar fermenting activity of bacterial cultures, including the species S.thermophilus, L. delbruckii ssp. bulgaricus, L. lactis ssp. lactis, L. lactis ssp. cremoris, L. lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, Leu. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris, and Leu. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroidesare presented.Cultures with S.thermophilusand L. delbruckii ssp. bulgaricus show the lowest growth rates on maltose medium. Cultures with Leu. Mesenteroides rapidly ferment sucrose rapidly. Cultures withL. lactis ssp. lactis, L. lactis ssp. cremoris, and L. lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis rapidly metabolize maltose, sucrose, and lactose. All lactic acid bacteria rapidly utilize glucose.
Methodological Aspects of the Analysis and Assessment of the Creditworthiness of Enterprises in Various Areas of the Agro-Industrial Complex and the Practice of Their Application
Authors: Kanischeva N A , Kivarina M V , Kukushina O S , Okomina E A
Published: September 2021

The agro-industrial complex plays one of the main roles in the economy not only of the Russian Federation, but also of all countries of the world. The standard of living of the population and food security of the country directly depend on the development of the agro-industrial complex and its support by the state. Enterprises of the first and third spheres of the agro-industrial complex in their activities are focused on the development of the second sphere of the agro-industrial complex–agricultural production, which is characterized by natural, technological and economic features. Agricultural production is significantly associated with natural factors, this relationship determined the riskiness of this industry and taking into account the features in all processes of enterprise development and the choice of state regulation mechanisms. The development of agricultural production and related industries is impossible without the attraction of borrowed funds and the formation of specific approaches in the process of financial and credit services. Credit organizations, serving enterprises in this industry, take this factor into account, and provide an opportunity to draw up a convenient schedule for debt repayment.
Studying the Mechanism of Action of the Infusion of Serviceberries
Authors: Kashirina L G , Shcherbakova I V , Romanov K I , Ivanishchev K A , Trfandyan M T , Denikin S A
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies to establish the effect of the preparation prepared from the infusion of berries on the hematological parameters of rabbits. The influence of different volumes of the preparation on some hematological parameters and nonspecific immunity of rabbits was determined. The experiment was carried out in the vivarium of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of the Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev. The experiment involved male rabbits of the Californian breed in the amount of 50 heads, divided into 5 groups: control and 4 experimental. The animals of the control group were intact, the experimental ones received an orally infusion of raspberries of the same concentration, but as a result of the research it was found that the volume of the infusion of berries of berries is of decisive importance for the processes of hematopoiesis in the body of rabbits. Application of dosages of 15 and 20 ml per head per day. It has been proven that this is the best drug that promotes the activation of erythropoiesis and an increase in the formation of hemoglobin in the body of rabbits in a shorter time compared with the use of infusion of smaller volumes. The same volumes are administered to rabbits for 30 years. Days had a positive effect on the increase in leukocytes in the blood, which indicated an increase in the immune status of rabbits, since these cells performed a protective function.
Biological Rationale for the Use of Polyfunctional Biological Products Based on Antagonist Microbes and Chitosan in Wheat Cultivation
Authors: Kolesnikov L E , Novikova I I , Popova E V , Radishevsky D Yu , Kolesnikova Yu R
Published: September 2021

The modern concept of resource-saving technology for the cultivation of agricultural crops, including wheat, is based on the use of growth-stimulating biologically active substances and beneficial microorganisms. Studies aimed at the development of polyfunctional compositions that reduce the harmfulness of pathogens and have a positive effect on the production process are especially promising. The paper provides data on the biological substantiation of the use of polyfunctional complexes based on B. subtilis strains and chitosan salicylate to protect wheat from diseases and increase yields. Polyfunctional complexes “Vitaplan, KZh + 0.1% chitosan salicylate” (submerged cultivation, composition) optimize the physiological state of wheat plants; significantly increase its productivity and disease resistance. It was shown that the combined use of Vitaplan, KZh and 0.1% chitosan salicylate increased wheat productivity and the biological efficiency of the polyfunctional complex against wheat yellow rust. The use of the complex did not have a significant effect on the indicators characterizing the growth of the vegetative mass of plants, but had a positive effect on the structure of wheat yield.
Regional Aspects of Integrated Development of Rural Areas
Authors: Kostyukov A V , Pritula O D , Davydova S G
Published: September 2021

The formation and implementation of a policy for the integrated development of rural areas are important processes that include the social, economic, and environmental components. The improvement of management activities in this direction is complicated by the presence of crisis phenomena, both in the economy and in the social sphere, similar processes are observed both at the regional level and in the context of municipalities. In this study, the authors paid considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic, namely, substantiated the importance of the development of rural areas based on managerial decision-making within the ESG approach, gave a description of the prerequisites for developing the implementation of a comprehensive program for the development of rural areas based on a study of the totality of the needs of the ecosystem of rural territorial entities. The analytical study was based on the characteristics of the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of the ecosystem of rural settlements, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program “Comprehensive development of rural areas of the Novgorod region until 2025” in 2020. Particular attention was paid to the aspect associated with assessing the effectiveness of the state program in terms of the progress of the activities included in it.
Features of the Processing of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials with Aspergillus Niger Enzyme Systems to Obtain Bioethanol
Authors: Krieger O V , Budenkova E A , Babich O O , Sukhikh S A , Voblikova T V
Published: September 2021

In this work, studies were carried out to study the enzymatic activity of the native strain of Aspergillus niger F-1270 in relation to primary and secondary cellulose-containing raw materials in comparison with the cellulose activity of a commercial enzyme preparation. It was found that the native strain exhibits stable, but low cellulolytic activity, lower than when using an enzyme preparation under similar conditions. To enhance the cellulase activity of the native A. niger strain, nondirectional physicochemical mutagenesis was used. As a result of mutagenic action on A. niger F-1270 with UV irradiation or UV irradiation in combination with subsequent treatment with a chemical mutagen, conditionally genetically modified samples were obtained. It was confirmed that as the UV exposure time increases to two hours, the cellulase activity of the surviving part of the culture increases (r = 0.706; p <0.05). Ultraviolet irradiation with an intensity of 253.7 nm for 120 min increases the enzymatic activity of mutant strains by 2-4 times as compared to the native one. The highest enzymatic activity of relative secondary cellulose-containing raw materials is 1.5 U.
Influence of Feed Supplement ZIGBIR on Biochemical Parameters of Mature Dry Cows
Authors: Lashkova T B , Petrova G V , Zhukova M Yu , Shkodina E P , Zhukova S Yu
Published: September 2021

At present, the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex report many cases of cows having liver dysfunctions caused by the failure of metabolic processes. As a rule, in the early stages of the disease, clinical signs are absent; it leads to a productivity decrease, the birth of weak young animals with low adaptive capabilities, and pathologies of the reproductive system. There is a need in drugs and biologically active feed supplements that can prevent and eliminate pathological processes in the liver at early stages, adjusting physiological metabolic processes. The article presents the research results on the use of the herbal feed supplement ZIGBIR having hepatoprotective properties in cows’ diets. Biochemical studies of blood serum have shown a positive effect of the feed supplement on most parameters in relation to physiological norms. Since the studied parameters are referred to as hepatic (they have a diagnostic value for the liver), it is possible to assume an improvement in the functional state of the liver.
Development of a Weeding Robot with Tubular Linear Electric Motors
Authors: Lysakov A A , Masyutina G V , Rostova A T , Eliseeva A A , Lubentsov V F
Published: September 2021

The use of chemical methods of weed control is an effective means of weed control. However, the use of large amounts of herbicides leads to environmental pollution, contaminates food, and adversely affects the health of people working with chemical herbicides. The safest method is to mechanically remove weeds by pulling the rooted weeds out of the soil or cutting and driving the weeds under the soil. Robots use pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical systems to control weed cutters. Electrical systems are more efficient than other systems. It is proposed to use a tubular linear electric motor to drive the weed remover. An experimental sample of a tubular linear electric motor has been manufactured. His experimental studies showed that at a current of 8 A, the mechanical force from the movement of the movable rod is 500 N, and this value is sufficient for an actuator for weed control. Based on the results of experimental studies, a scheme of a weeding robot with two tubular linear electric motors has been developed to drive the weed control mechanism in the horizontal and vertical planes.
Analysis of the Gross Agricultural Product in the Northwestern Federal District
Authors: Minina E S , Minin I L , Minin D L
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the main aspects of the development of trends in the regional agro-industrial complex of the Northwestern Federal District, the peculiarities of their change in the context of the globalization of the world economy and uneven development of the industry in certain areas of the region. The main features of the functioning of agricultural sectors are highlighted, the main development trends are predetermined, and their main characteristics are investigated in relation to the time indicator. The results of the study of the structure of the gross regional agricultural product of the district in the context of the constituent entities of the Federation are presented. The main recommendations related to the peculiarities of the development of the branches of the district agriculture are formulated and the general trend of the development of the agricultural economy of the district for the medium term is determined. The transitional nature of development has been identified, requiring additional support measures from both civil society and public authorities.
Quality and Competitiveness Assurance Methodology Development for Enriched and Specialized Foods
Authors: Marhunova A M , Kondratenko S A
Published: September 2021

In this article, we deal with theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing and ensuring the quality and competitiveness of enriched and specialized food products. We marked the necessity of development and introduction of scientifically based methodology and information support of analysis, evaluation and forecasting of competitiveness of commodity producers and separate kinds of products, considering dynamic development of technologies and innovations on the market of enriched and specialized products, work on improvement of properties of products and rational satisfaction of consumer preferences. Specialty products are considered as a special group of products for healthy and rational nutrition of the population. We present the new developments of the specialists of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Scientific-Practical Center for Foodstuffs of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus” in the field of healthy nutrition.
Filler for Confectionery Based on the Probiotic Medusomyces Gisevii (Tea Fungus) (Part I)
Authors: Orobinskaya V N , Pushmina I N , Permyakov A V , Galdin E V , Konovalov D A
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the use of Medusomyces gisevii, fungal liquid in particular, as the main ingredient for the preparation of a filler (jelly) for confectionery. The analysis of studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of Medusomyces gisevii research, proving the possibility of using Medusomyces Gisevi as probiotics that normalize the activity of the microbiota of the human body, provides the results of the chemical composition of kombucha. At this stage, the aim of the study is: to study the biological processes during the cultivation of the Kombucha mushroom; to determine the physicochemical parameters of liquid for kombucha culture; to study the influence of the culture liquid of kombucha on the technology of preparation of jelly as a filler and its commercial characteristics. On the basis of the fungal liquid, an inoculant was obtained (control sample no. 1 according to the classical preparation scheme and experimental sample no. 2). substances, the change in the content of antioxidants: vitamin C and rutin, depending on the time of fermentation. In order to study the possibility of using samples to obtain a filler (jelly) of confectionery products, the organoleptic characteristics of the resulting drink were determined. The most acceptable organoleptic properties are possessed by a drink with the addition of kombucha and oregano extract with honey.
On Using Wild Berries in the Production of Sausages
Authors: Osipova M V
Published: September 2021

The production of sausages in Russia has been always in high demand. The guarantee of providing the Russian Federation population with high quality food products that meet all the requirements of food safety and healthy nutrition is a priority direction of the state policy in regards to Russian citizens. The aim of the animal and poultry meat processing industry is the production of food that provides the human diet with proteins of animal origin [1]. Products must always be of high quality and in the required quantities. In the people’s diet, the consumption of sausages occupies one of their priority positions, yielding in demand only to dairy products, bakery products, vegetables and fruits. Increasing the range of products and expanding the spices composition of sausages remains one of the most important tasks not only for the meat processing industry, but also for the food industry in general. The introduction of new food additives into the recipe of traditional sausages, such as dried or fresh wild berries, can help to solve this problem. The use of new food additives for the production of sausages will not only enrich the product assortment, but also change the nutritional value of products. Wild berries are rich in vitamins, trace elements, antioxidant properties and have low calorie content.
The Use of Grain and Fruit and Berry Raw Materials as a Basis for the Production of Soft Drinks
Authors: Osipova M V
Published: September 2021

The production of soft drinks in our country is in demand in the food industry. Non-alcoholic drinks include fermented kvass, fruit and berry drinks, lemonades, carbonated drinking and mineral water, juices and juice-containing products, etc. Recently, consumers increasingly prefer natural drinks consisting of traditional components. Grain raw materials, cereals - are one of the traditional types of raw materials used in Russia since ancient times. However, these raw materials were used mainly for the production of bread, as well as fermentation beverages - kvass and beer. Recently, more and more cereal raw materials have been used by manufacturers for the production of dairy products as a food additive to enrich these products with useful properties and ingredients, improve the taste and expand the range of products. One of the novelties in the food market is the emergence of oat soft drinks. The release of such products requires the use of the latest equipment, automation of production processes, the use of modern technologies. All this allows us to ensure the production of high-quality non-alcoholic products with the longest possible shelf life, excellent quality and taste.
Diet Bread Based on Flaxseed Flour and a Plant Drink Made from Hazelnut Kernels and Hazelnut Oil Cake
Authors: Pchyolina E A , Vikhrova M A
Published: September 2021

The study analyzed the effect of diet on human metabolism. The authors propose the optimal recipe for dietary bread based on flaxseed flour and a plant drink made from hazelnut kernels and hazelnut oil cake. The analysis of the quality of the obtained product was carried out, its organoleptic properties, porosity, acidity, moisture content were determined, and the acidity and moisture content of flaxseed flour were also investigated. According to their characteristics the obtained results were correlated with an industrial sample of wheat bread with the addition of flaxseed flour and potato flakes. The nutritional value of both samples was also determined.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Introduction of a New Product in a Small Business
Authors: Petrova A S
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the feasibility and economic efficiency of the introduction of a new product in a small enterprise. According to the estimates of both consumers of goods and their manufacturers, the most important indicators affecting the volume of sales of products are: quality, price, product range. Expansion of the assortment is a significant indicator of the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in the market. The introduction of a new product into production requires preliminary marketing research and economic calculations to assess the expected demand for the introduced product, as well as potential revenue. It is necessary to calculate the total cost of the product, estimate the amount of revenue and profit from the introduction of a new product, and its profitability. It has been determined that at present there is a steady increase in consumer interest in semi-finished products made using turkey meat as the main raw material, with the addition of various plant components, in this regard, studies aimed at the development and economic justification of food recipes, including these types of raw materials, are relevant. The purpose of the study was to determine consumer opinion in order to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product into production–“Zrazy from turkey meat with mushrooms”, as well as to assess the economic efficiency of the developed recipe and technology.
Optimization of Confectionery Products Quality Indicators
Authors: Petrova A S
Published: September 2021

Proper nutrition of a modern person, taking the physiological state, age and gender into account, is essential for maintaining the population health and a preventive measure to maintain the optimal population physical form. The predominance of simple carbohydrate-rich food in the Russians’ diet leads to an increase in the proportion of the population that is overweight and has associated diseases. In this regard, the development of confectionery products recipes, taking into account the specifics of the traditional population grocery basket, while having, in comparison to analogues prepared according to classical recipes, a low calorie content, is a relevant task. The article provides data on the optimizing organoleptic indicators of the flour confectionery products quality, considering the processing characteristics of raw materials. The list of raw materials used as a substitute for white sugar in the production of a specialized product for dietary and preventive nutrition has been scientifically substantiated. The recipe and quality composition of a new food product has been determined, which meets modern medical and biological requirements for products of this category. The relation between the substitute of sugar with sweetener and the confectionery organoleptic characteristics has been established. It has been experimentally proven that the use of the results obtained in the course of work will reduce the energy value of high-calorie foods. The use of the developed recipe base will make it possible to reduce the content of simple carbohydrates in the population diet, increasing the product consumer value for the nutrition of various population groups.
Comparison of the Properties of Cellulose Obtained from Various Sources
Authors: Petukhova E A , Teleshova E N
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the structure, structure and properties of cellulose obtained from various natural sources of plant origin. The physical and mechanical properties of celluloses (content of α–cellulose, determination of the mass fraction of pentosans; determination of the copper number; viscosity characteristics; determination of the degree of purity, moisture content and ash content and determination of the average molecular weight, degree of polymerization and content of aldehyde and carboxyl groups), interaction with nitrogen acid as well as the ability of various cellulose samples to complex formation with copper ions.
Influence of Various Factors on the Metal-Binding Capacity of Cellulose
Authors: Petukhova E A , Kokoshina S G
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the influence of such parameters as pH and temperature on the metal-binding capacity of cellulose obtained from various natural sources of vegetable origin. An attempt to describe the mechanism of copper ions interaction with cellulose samples has been made. When describing the binding process according to the Langmuir equation, the equation of linear logarithmic form parameters have been determined.
Using Neural Network Technologies to Assess the Quality Characteristics of Food
Authors: Sadovoy V V , Voblikova T V , Morgunova A V
Published: September 2021

A method for assessing the recipe composition of multicomponent food products (for example, meat products) based on the results of studying the chemical and amino acid compositions of final products has been developed. The proposed method is based on the use of artificial intelligence to create a data array using neural networks and the assessment of compositions by cluster analysis of Kohonen networks–to determine the compliance of the recipe composition with the technical documentation indicators.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Increasing the Milk Production Efficiency
Authors: Semkiv L P
Published: September 2021

Scientific research and the experience of leading dairy enterprises show that the level of modernization of production, the quality of various management systems for the maintenance, feeding and use of livestock genetic resources, as well as the professional level of human resources are important components of effective milk production. Nowadays, the active use of “smart” systems for managing production processes has acquired priority importance. At the same time, the implementation of these systems makes relevant the issues of dairy business efficiency and food security. Milk production is a rather complicated process and its efficiency depends on many aspects. The given analytical research is based on the results of the Novgorod region agricultural dairy enterprises and the changes that appeared under the influence of the current regional policy. Particular attention is paid to the development of dairy farming at the regional level, its goals, objectives, and activities. The researcher analyzes the implementation of the State Program of the Novgorod Region “Development of Agriculture in the Novgorod Region for 2019-2024”, that provides for an increase in local milk production due to accelerated solution of socio-economic problems in agriculture. The article argues that the work on milk production efficiency should be carried out within the framework of the priority regional project “Development of Dairy Farming” aimed at increasing the efficiency of investments. Besides, according to this project, regional agricultural organizations can increase milk production to 55 thousand tons by the year 2025. The flexible investment legislation of the region allows implementing large investment projects in the region; in the future, it would increase the milk production. The introduction of modern agricultural solutions at enterprises would ensure the systemic development of dairy farming in the region and, accordingly, effective milk production.
Formation of Legume-Cereal and Cereal Herbage Based on Festulolium Depending on the Nitrogen Nutrition Regime in the Leningrad Region
Authors: Stepanova T V , Orlova A G , Nikulin A B , Filippov A A , Ambartsumova K A
Published: September 2021

Studies of the formation of single-species cereal and binary legume-cereal herbage with the participation of festulolium were carried out in 2014-2017 on the experimental field of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University. Density of standing of festulolium shoots was maximum in the first year of herbage use. In subsequent years, there was a decrease in shoot formation, which indicates its fragility. The percentage of festulolium both in single-species crops and in binary mixtures was high during the first year of use–90.9–96.6% and 65.4–77.9%, respectively. In subsequent years, a decrease in the participation of festulolium in the harvest and a simultaneous increase in the content of seeded legumes were noted. Under the conditions of the Leningrad region, with the intensive use of herbage, single-species crops of festulolium provided the minimum yield of dry matter. Growing festulolium in a mixture with legumes has increased yields. The maximum yield was provided by a two-component herbage with meadow clover–12.5 and 13.8 t/ha. The use of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N60 increased the yield of all the studied mixtures.
The Influence of Forecrops, Tillage Techniques and Chemicalization Levels on Soil Moisture, Spring Wheat Grain Dockage and Yield in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Irkutsk Region
Authors: Zaitsev A M , Solodun V I , Orobej M N
Published: September 2021

The aim of the studies was to assess the influence of forecrops, tillage techniques and chemicalization levels on soil moisture, spring wheat grain dockage and yield. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region. The three-factor experiment scheme included the forecrops: annual grasses (pea-oat mixture) and corn; the basic tillage methods: PLN-4-35 ploughing by 18–20 cm and BDT-3 disk plowing by 8–10 cm; chemicalization level: no fertilizers, mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 (diammofoska and ammonium nitrate) and mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 and herbicides. Differences in the moisture accumulation efficiency between corn and annual grasses, as well as in tillage techniques, have not been established. Decrease in wheat plantings dockage for annual grasses in relation to corn is from 6.2 to 10 pcs/m2. The use of disk plowing leads to an increase in wheat plantings dockage for corn by 23.7–24.3 pcs/m2, for annual grasses by 19.9–27.4 pcs/m2. The use of the herbicide has significantly reduced the number of weed plants for all forecrops, both in terms of ploughing and disk plowing. The wheat yield for corn has ranged from 2.15 to 2.67 t/ha, depending on the tillage and fertilization techniques. The yield after annual grasses has been significantly lower and ranged from 1.62 to 2.26 t/ha. The use of disk plowing has led to a significant decrease in wheat yield for annual grasses by 0.18–0.29 t/ha, and for corn by 0.21-0.23 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers has increased the yield for corn by 0.28–0.29 t/ha, for annual grasses by 0.35–0.37 t/ha. The forecrop has had the greatest influence on the yield–45.8%, the share of the chemicalization level influence has been 30.4%.
Study of used marine oils by the photon correlation spectroscopy method
Authors: Sinyavsky N Y , Korneva I P , Ivanov A M , Kostrikova N A
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the method of photon correlation spectroscopy for diagnostics of marine engines based on used engine oil in order to improve efficiency and safety of operation of sea vessels. The study used the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method to measure correlation functions and then to obtain distributions of correlation times, diffusion coefficients and particle sizes. To invert the Laplace transform, a method based on standard deviation minimization and regularization (RILT) was used, modified to find the distribution of correlation times. It has been found that the distributions of the hydrodynamic radii of the particles for fresh and used oils differ significantly. By the nature of the distribution of large particles, it has been found that the level of aggregation or micelle formation of the polymer of the viscosity modifier decreases in waste oils. It is shown that the dynamic light scattering method makes it possible to obtain parameters suitable for analyzing the state of engine oil and for obtaining diagnostic data on the state of the engine for used oil.
To the design of the working body of the ground gun
Authors: Fedorchenko I S , Litvinova M M , Bakach V A , Belyaev D A
Published: September 2021

The article describes the invention for the creation of mineralized (reference) strips, as well as the justification of the parameters for the design of the grunt mill on the basis of experimental studies. The invention also solves the problem of improving operational performance when laying protective mineralized strips and extinguishing grass-roots fires with soil. This invention involves an increase in operational performance when laying protective mineralized strips and extinguishing grass-roots fires with soil.
Formation of a batch of parts in the conditions of one-off and small-scale production
Authors: Bazrov B M , Rodionova N A
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to increasing the efficiency of manufacturing a batch of parts by optimizing the sequence of their production. It is shown that the effect of the sequence of manufacturing parts in a batch on efficiency is manifested through the time spent associated with transitions to the manufacture of parts of different names. The criterion for the optimal variant of the sequence of manufacturing parts in a batch is the minimum time spent on changing technology during transitions to the manufacture of parts of different names.
The clamps of sheet blank movement trajectory simulation under the shell part stretch forming process
Authors: Mikheev V A , Grechnikova A F , de Alvarenga Roberto , Demidova M M
Published: September 2021

The main object for analyzing the results of modeling and optimizing the shaping method by the skin is the graphs of the change in thickness at characteristic or selected points on the surface of the shell of double curvature. The article discusses two variants of the method, which have the same cyclic diagram of step movements of the main and auxiliary working cylinders of the stretch-tightening press RO-630-11. Both options contain kinematic techniques that implement the following two effects. The first is the effect of isometric bending of the shell surface after unloading the sheet blank at the third step motion of the press according to the cycle diagram. The second is the effect of the forced position of a flat and sufficiently long sheet blank in rectilinearly arranged discrete clamping devices of the press. This provided a plastic deformation of the middle part of the sheet blank without localizing the thinning deformation and the alignment of its values in different zones of the sheet blank.
Real-time neural network system for non-destructive control of asphalt mixtures compaction
Authors: Nabizhanov Zh I , Prokopev A P , Ivanchura V I , Emelyanov R T
Published: September 2021

The problem is considered of designing a neural network system for control of road materials compaction in real time. The system is designed to ensure the functioning of non-destructive technology in road construction. A model of an artificial neural network (ANN) for monitoring the quality of compaction of road materials during the operation of vibrating rollers in real time is obtained. The system provides normalization of the input data of the ANN model. For the design of the ANN, the following methods were used: the least mean square deviation method; Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm; backpropagation. The structure of a non-destructive neural network system for monitoring compaction in real time is obtained. The results of numerical simulation of a system with an ANN for predicting the compaction coefficient of road materials are presented
To the question of determining indicators for evaluating quality compaction and efficiency for pavers
Authors: Prokopev A P , Nabizhanov Zh I , Emelyanov R T , Sabinin V L
Published: September 2021

The results are considered of a study on the development of indicators of the quality of road materials compaction and efficiency for pavers. On the basis of the dimensionality analysis method, a dimensionless complex for the size of the ramming bar stroke is obtained, for use in the synthesis of systems of continuous non-destructive testing, automatic control and evaluation of the efficiency of stackers. The indicators for evaluating the efficiency of existing and newly created pavers are obtained, which have a close correlation with the compaction coefficient of the asphalt concrete mixture. The results are presented of calculation of specific and generalized performance indicators of various models of pavers.
Model for assessing technogenic risks at the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Grebnev Y V , Moskalev A K
Published: September 2021

Every year on the planet there are many natural and man-made accidents that have a significant impact on the infrastructure and normal life of society. In 2020, on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there were 2 major technogenic accidents associated with the bottling of oil products and causing significant damage to the environment, which indicates the high importance of the problem of monitoring and forecasting, as well as the need to supervise enterprises that store and refuel equipment with oil products. This issue also acquires great importance in connection with the development of the design resource, tank farm and technological equipment, which are still in operation. The solution to this problem lies in the mainstream of organizing continuous monitoring, increasing supervisory measures, organizing forecasting scenarios for the development of the situation in order to develop action plans for the implementation of one of the calculated scenarios, for a prompt response and reduce the consequences of an emergency. In this work, the problem of developing scenarios for the development of emergency situations at a tank farm and predicting possible consequences in order to reduce the likelihood of these events was solved. To solve this problem, 12 scenarios of the development of emergency situations were simulated and the situation with the ingress of oil products into the Yenisei River was simulated in order to assess the area of bottling of oil products. Modeling of emergency situations was carried out using the software product Toxy + risk and neural network forecasting of the bottling area until localization using the neural network simulator NeuroPro, developed at the Institute of Computational Modeling of the Federal Research Center of the KSC SB RAS. A comparison is made between the analytical method for determining the area of the oil spill in a reservoir and the neural network method.
Negative-sense RNA viruses: An underexplored platform for examining virus–host lipid interactions
Authors: Husby Monica L. , Stahelin Robert V.
Published: September 2021

Viruses are pathogenic agents that can infect all varieties of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. These microscopic particles are genetically simple as they encode a limited number of proteins that undertake a wide range of functions. While structurally distinct, viruses often share common characteristics that have evolved to aid in their infectious life cycles. A commonly underappreciated characteristic of many deadly viruses is a lipid envelope that surrounds their protein and genetic contents. Notably, the lipid envelope is formed from the host cell the virus infects. Lipid-enveloped viruses comprise a diverse range of pathogenic viruses, which often lead to high fatality rates and many lack effective therapeutics and/or vaccines. This perspective primarily focuses on the negative-sense RNA viruses from the order Mononegavirales, which obtain their lipid envelope from the host plasma membrane. Specifically, the perspective highlights the common themes of host cell lipid and membrane biology necessary for virus replication, assembly, and budding.
Inequalities in Glycemic Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Over Time: Intersectionality Between Socioeconomic Position and Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Liese Angela D , Reboussin Beth A , Kahkoska Anna R , Frongillo Edward A , Malik Faisal S , Imperatore Giuseppina , Saydah Sharon , Bellatorre Anna , Lawrence Jean M , Dabelea Dana , Mendoza Jason A
Published: September 2021

Background

Racial/ethnic health inequities have been well-documented among youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet little is known about how socioeconomic position (SEP) intersects with the risk marker of race/ethnicity to predict inequities in longitudinal glycemic control.

Purpose

To identify patterns of SEP, race/ethnicity, and clinical characteristics that differentiate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories among youth and young adults after T1D diagnosis.

Methods

The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth cohort includes youth with diabetes diagnosed from 2002 to 2006 and 2008 who were followed through 2015. We analyzed data from 1,313 youth and young adults with T1D with ≥3 HbA1c measures. Classification tree analysis identified patterns of baseline demographic, SEP, and clinical characteristic that best predicted HbA1c trajectories over an average of 8.3 years using group-based trajectory modeling.

Results

Two HbA1c trajectories were identified: Trajectory 1 (77%) with lower baseline HbA1c and mild increases (from mean 7.4% to 8.4%) and Trajectory 2 (23%) with higher baseline HbA1c and major increases (from 8.5% to 11.2%). Race/ethnicity intersected with different SEP characteristics among non-Hispanic white (NHW) than in non-whites. Public health insurance predicted high-risk Trajectory 2 membership in non-whites, whereas parental education, household structure, diagnosis age and glucose checking frequency predicted membership for NHW youth and young adults. Two characteristics, race/ethnicity and parental education alone identified 80% of the Trajectory 2 members.

Conclusions

Race/ethnicity intersects with multiple SEP and clinical characteristics among youth and young adults with T1D, which is associated with particularly high risk of poor long-term glycemic control.
The Emergence of Early Disposition Procedures in International Arbitration
Authors: Wallach David L
Published: September 2021

International arbitral institutions have begun adding early disposition procedures to their rules. This began as a trickle in 2006 when the ICDR became the first institution to add an early disposition rule. It has turned into a flood, with seven major institutions adding procedures in the past five years. There are important differences among the early disposition procedures adopted by various institutions, but those procedures share certain characteristics. They generally impose a high standard of review that must be satisfied to obtain early disposition. Further, many institutions’ procedures are limited in the types of issues that can be raised and the time within which an application for early disposition must be made and disposed of. The absence of early disposition procedures has long been a weakness of international arbitration. The advent of these procedures is one of the most significant shifts in international arbitration procedure in recent memory. This article charts the emergence to early disposition procedures and the arguments for and against them. It reviews the procedures adopted to date and compares them with one another. Finally, it concludes with some reflections on current early disposition procedures and ideas for their further development.