bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choledochal cyst type I with dilated intrahepatic biliary radicles: a type IVA mimic
Authors: Hando Deo Justine , Kitua Daniel William , Bitesigilwe Mbelwa Dennis , Mutajwaha JohnofGod Leonce , Gabolwelwe Mogolodi , Chande Hassan Mwinchande , Mwanga Ally Hamisi , Bokhary Zaitun Mohammed , Ngiloi Petronilla Joseph
Published: April 2022

Background

A choledochal cyst is a relatively rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tree requiring surgery as the definitive treatment. Amongst the five Todani variants, type I poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge owing to its infrequent, yet clinically significant mimicry for type IVA cysts.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 4-year-old female diagnosed to have a giant type IA choledochal cyst that mimicked a type IVA cyst on radiological imaging. The patient was treated by complete cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and restoration of the biliary-enteric communication by a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Regression of the dilated intrahepatic radicles that counterfeited a type IVA cyst was confirmed on follow-up imaging studies.

Conclusion

Such an encounter, although rare, can significantly alter the course of management. We recommend extrahepatic cyst excision with biliary reconstruction as the standard treatment when preoperative and intraoperative imaging studies fall short in differentiating the aforementioned variants.
Investigating Instructor Talk among Graduate Teaching Assistants in Undergraduate Biology Laboratory Classrooms
Authors: Gelinas Katharine A. , Ovid Dax , Amaya-Mejia Wilmer , Ayala Rafael , Baek Hanna E. , Gasmin Eric , Hissen Karina , Johnson Amanda , Kossa Emily , Levesque Lauren , Lutz Kurt R. , Lyons Amichai S. , Mata Alan F. , Mitchell Casey G. , Paggeot Lisa , Pastor-Infantas Maria José , Patel Cheryl , Prestol-Casillas Susan , Chen Kevin Xu , Tanner Kimberly D.
Published: April 2022

Use of Instructor Talk-noncontent language used by instructors in classrooms-by graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) teaching undergraduate laboratory courses was investigated. The Instructor Talk of GTAs with and without pedagogical training could be categorized using the existing frameworks and differed from Instructor Talk of faculty teaching lecture courses.
Optimal minibatch shot selection for target-oriented least-squares reverse time migration
Authors: Vamaraju Janaki , Tuvi Ram , Zhao Zeyu , Sen Mrinal Kanti
Published: April 2022

We have introduced a strategy to select optimal minibatches for target-oriented least-squares reverse time migration that adopts stochastic optimizers to solve the inverse problem. The proposed method with optimal minibatches can improve image quality at reduced computational costs. We formulate the optimal shot selection criterion using a shot effectiveness metric and clustering techniques. We first calculate the illumination and effectiveness using forward modeling operations for each shot. We then apply k-means clustering on the shot effectiveness to obtain optimal minibatches suitable for stochastic optimization methods. Clustering shots into optimal minibatches can help retain only those necessary shots to image a target zone. These batches are a-priori calculated only once and used for all iterations. We adopt the stochastic Adam optimizer to speed up the algorithm’s convergence. A novel beam migration approach based on frame theory is used to speed up the analysis. This beam method extracts only subsets of beams needed for the migration calculation from the surface data. Efficiency is further enhanced due to the spectral localization of the beams. The presented workflow leads to a robust and efficient inversion algorithm that provides high-resolution images in hard-to-image target zones.
Geography Should Not Be an “Oncologic Destiny” for Urothelial Cancer: Improving Access to Care by Removing Local, Regional, and International Barriers
Authors: Joshi Monika , Polimera Hyma , Krupski Tracey , Necchi Andrea
Published: April 2022

Urothelial cancer care is particularly susceptible to geographical health disparity given its complex nature, requiring access to several specialists such as a urologist, a medical oncologist, a radiation oncologist, a surgical oncologist, and multidisciplinary care teams. Furthermore, other barriers to care access in underserved areas include travel burden, longer wait times, late-stage disease at the time of diagnosis, cost, type of treatment, less enrollment in clinical trials, lack of follow-up among cancer survivors, and less research funding in this area. Here, we discuss the impact of geographical location on access to urothelial cancer care, management decisions, and outcomes and we reflect on how to address geographical disparities in care delivery.
Predictors for Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Trauma Quality Improvement Program Database Study
Authors: DeMario Belinda S. , Stanley Samuel P. , Truong Evelyn I. , Ladhani Husayn A. , Brown Laura R. , Ho Vanessa P. , Kelly Michael L.
Published: April 2022

Many patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) undergo withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (WLSTs) or transition to comfort measures, but noninjury factors that influence this decision have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that WLST would be associated with institutional and geographic noninjury factors. All patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥3 were identified from 2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program data. We analyzed factors that might be associated with WLST, including procedure type, age, sex, race, insurance, Glasgow Coma Scale score, mechanism of injury, geographic region, and institutional size and teaching status. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with WLST. Sixty-nine thousand fifty-three patients were identified: 66% male, 77% with isolated TBI, and 7.8% had WLST. The median age was 56 years (34-73). A positive correlation was found between increasing age and WLST. Women were less likely to undergo WLST than men (odds ratio 0.91 [0.84-0.98]) and took more time to for WLST (3 vs 2 days, P < .001). African Americans underwent WLST at a significantly lower rate (odds ratio 0.66 [0.58-0.75]). Variations were also discovered based on US region, hospital characteristics, and neurosurgical procedures. WLST in severe TBI is independently associated with noninjury factors such as sex, age, race, hospital characteristics, and geographic region. The effect of noninjury factors on these decisions is poorly understood; further study of WLST patterns can aid health care providers in decision making for patients with severe TBI.
Promoting Wellness or Waste? Evidence from Antidepressant Advertising
Authors: Shapiro Bradley T.
Published: April 2022

It is taken as given by many policy makers that Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of prescription drugs drives inappropriate patients to treatment. Alternatively, advertising may provide useful information that causes appropriate patients to seek treatment. I study this dynamic in the context of antidepressants. Leveraging variation driven by the borders of television markets, I find that a 10 percent increase in anti-depressant advertising leads to a 0.3 percent ($32 million) increase in new prescriptions followed by reductions in workplace absenteeism worth about $770 million. I find no effect of advertising on prices, generic penetration, drug switches, adverse effects, non-adherence rates, or therapist visits. (JEL D83, I12, J22, L65, M31, M37)
Friend-Based Ranking
Authors: Bloch Francis , Olckers Matthew
Published: April 2022

We analyze the design of a mechanism to extract a ranking of individuals according to a unidimensional characteristic, such as ability or need. Individuals, connected on a social network, only have local information about the ranking. We show that a planner can construct an ex post incentive compatible and efficient mechanism if and only if every pair of friends has a friend in common. We characterize the windmill network as the sparsest social network for which the planner can always construct a complete ranking. (JEL D11, D82, D83, D85, O12, Z13)
Intravenous Tranexamic acid versus placebo during Caesarian section: A comparative study
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Jawad , Mazhar Atifa , Shabir Alina
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in preventing postpartum hemorrhage against placebo in high-risk women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods: A double-blinded placebo-controlled comparative trial was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Nishtar Hospital for one year, from 15th June 2020 to 15th June 2021. A total of 60 women who were at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage and had to undergo elective cesarean sections were included in the study. Among them, initial 30 patients were administered Tranexamic Acid before skin incision whereas later 30 were treated as the placebo group. These women were then observed for blood loss during surgery and within 24 hrs. after surgery and any postoperative complications such as thromboembolic events, the need for additional uterotonic agents, and blood transfusions.

Results: Out of 60 women, 30 were placed in each group. The groups had no significant difference in terms of baseline data and post-partum hemorrhage-associated risk factors (p>0.05). However, the occurrence rate of primary post-partum hemorrhage (blood loss greater than 1000 ml) was significantly less in a tranexamic acid group than the placebo group (16.6% vs 60%, respectively, p<0.01). Similarly, the requirement of additional uterotonic agents (13.3% vs 43.3%, respectively) and the need for blood transfusion (6.0% vs 23.3%, respectively) was lower in a tranexamic group than in the placebo group.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the significance of tranexamic acid in controlling post-partum hemorrhages, the requirement of additional uterotonic agents, improving post-partum hemoglobin, and the need for blood transfusion.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5383

How to cite this:Iqbal MJ, Mazhar A, Shabir A. Intravenous Tranexamic acid versus placebo during Caesarian section: A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5383

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation between the Level of Inflammatory Cytokines and Prognosis in Children with IVIG-sensitive Kawasaki Disease and IVIG-resistant Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Zhang Hao , Song Hao-bin , Wang De-xing , Deng Hong-yu , Sun Wen-long
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate whether the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) are correlated with coronary artery lesion (CAL) and resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment.

Methods: A total of 216 children in line with KD diagnostic criteria were continuously included as subjects, and 50 healthy children at the same period were selected as the control group, and their levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected.

Results: Subjects were subdivided according to the presence or absence of CAL: 42 cases (19.4%) of 216 children with KD developed CAL and were subdivided into the CAL group, while 174 (80.6%) of those who did not develop CAL were subdivided into the NCAL group. The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the CAL group and the NCAL group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the levels of those in the CAL group were higher than those in the NCAL group (P<0.05). Subjects were subdivided according to the effect of IVIG treatment: 194 cases (89.8%) of 216 children with KD had a good control of inflammation after the initial IVIG treatment, and were considered to have IVIG-sensitive KD and divided into the IVIG-sensitive group; 22 cases (10.2%) could not get good control of inflammation after the initial IVIG treatment, and were considered to have IVIG-resistant KD and divided into the IVIG-resistant group. The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the IVIG-sensitive group and the IVIG-resistant group were higher than those in the control group; The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the IVIG-resistant group were higher than those in the IVIG-sensitive group (P<0.05), while the fever time of the IVIG-sensitive group was lower than that of the IVIG-resistant group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Children with KD may experience changes in IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels in the acute phase. Such a significant increase in levels may be a risk factor for CAL and resistance to IVIG treatment in children with KD, while the prolonged fever time is a risk factor for resistance to IVIG treatment in children with KD.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5408

How to cite this:Zhang H, Song H, Wang D, Deng H, Sun W. Correlation between the Level of Inflammatory Cytokines and Prognosis in Children with IVIG-sensitive Kawasaki Disease and IVIG-resistant Kawasaki Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5408

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Appraisal on patient compliance and factors influencing the daily regimen of anti-tubercular drugs in Mangalore city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Fathima Tuba , Kotian Himani
Published: April 2022

Background: Globally, India is the country with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden with respect to the number of new cases occurring each year. Annual incident cases of TB in India accounts for more than 25% of total TB morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors have been associated with the adherence of TB medication, which can be broadly classified as patient/personal, social, structural and health service. The aims of the present study were to determine the compliance to daily regimen of directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy among TB patients registered at the Tuberculosis Unit (TU) of Mangalore and to identify the factors influencing non-compliance for treatment.

Methods: A cross sectional study was performed. The study sample was drawn from the TUs, General Hospital, Mangalore, after taking permission from District TB Officer. The names and addresses of TB patients were collected from treatment cards. The TB patients were approached at their homes/DOTS centers/Primary Health Centre’s (PHCs) with the help of senior treatment supervisors.

Results: It was found that patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were more likely to be non-adherent, which was statistically significant. Amongst the participants, 66 (33%) were diabetic and 28.8% of them were found to be non-adherent. The proportion of non-adherence was 27 times higher in those with poor patient provider relationships. Patients who reported to have side effects of TB medication were 5.23 times more likely to be non-adherent.

Conclusions: Advice on routine consultation with the health care facility, adherence to treatment regimen and education about its benefits should be the prime focus of providing health education to all TB patients, both at the individual and community levels.
Effectiveness of comprehensive cognitive and balance training strategies (CCBTS) on gait, balance, quality of life, and fall-related self-efficacy among institutionalized elderly in Udupi District: A mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Assariparambil Anil Raj , Noronha Judith Angelitta , George Anice
Published: April 2022

Background: The geriatric population is at high risk for gait and balance-related issues as they grow older. The gait and balance-related issues then causes them to be more vulnerable to a fall. Following a fall, the psychological impact could result in fear of falling and decreased quality of life (QoL) in later life. This mixed-method study protocol was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and balance training on gait, balance, fall-related self-efficacy, and QoL among institutionalized older adults.

Methods: A sequential explanatory study has been designed with phase I as quantitative (QUAN) and phase II as qualitative (qual). A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined cognitive and balance training among older adults. An in-depth interview will be conducted in phase II with thematic analysis to determine the phase II objectives. A nested sampling technique will be used, wherein the phase II participants will be selected from phase I. In phase I, the intervention arm will receive both cognitive and balance training whereas the control arm will receive only balance training. The phase II participants will be selected from the institutionalized older adults who show improved and not improved fall-related self-efficacy and QoL after comprehensive cognitive and balance training strategies (CCBTS) training. The outcome variables included in the phase I study are gait, balance, fall-related self-efficacy, and QoL.

Conclusions: Cognitive training and balance training as a stand-alone intervention has proved their impact among older people. The gait and balance issue could impact from the consequences of both cognitive decline and physical decline; hence the proposed research would highlight the need for combined intervention to enhance overall well-being among the geriatric population.

Registration: This study is registered with The Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI); CTRI reference ID: CTRI/2016/11/007449; registered on 08/11/2016.
Knitting style – the grace of noble ladies or the speed of peasant girls?
Authors: Pink Anu
Published: April 2022

Knitting is a textile technique with a global spread, yet the method of holding the yarn and needles differs between geographic areas and cultures. There are three main knitting styles: holding the yarn in the right hand or throwing, holding the yarn in the left hand or picking and knitting with the yarn in front of the work and manipulating it with the thumb. Knitting methods have been subject to change over time. People have tried to make the movements either faster or, as is the case with 19th century England, more graceful. Estonian knitters stayed true to throwing for centuries and were not waived by German, Russian or Scandinavian knitters. However, picking has become prevalent within the last century following the Finnish example and published materials. Studying the Estonians’ knitting style and comparing this to neighbouring countries provides an insight into the development of and influences on Estonian knitting.

Keywords: knitting, knitting history, knitting styles, picking, throwing, Continental knitting, English knitting, Portuguese knitting, Estonian knitting
Puithoonete ornament / Ornament of wooden buildings
Authors: Kursīte Janīna
Published: April 2022

In this translation of a chapter from monograph “Latvian’s Home” (“Latvieša māja”, 2014), the author provides an insight into the decorations of wooden houses in Latvia, including incisions and ornamental wall decorations and she also differentiates architectural details like the so-called ‘sun posts’ and decorated boards on sides of a triangular opening in the hip under the roof. At the beginning of the paper the author refers to the fact that the ancient geometrical ornament has been more typical of Latvians, which has been preserved also during the time when East-European nations gradually took over the ornaments depicting plants and animals. The author approaches ornamentation as one complete entity and draws attention to the perceived visual rhythm in ornamentation. The individual signs of the ornament are combined either in pairs (statically) or in odd numbers (dynamically). The more modern ornamentation is made up of geometrical ornament with plant ornaments. The author gives an overview of more widely-used signs – slanting crosses, triangles, octagons, and the chalk marking 20+K+B+m+14 widespread in Catholic regions, etc.

Kursīte discusses one peculiar decorative element of the houses – the so-called ‘sun posts’, which in big rooms are just very practical (e.g. in houses of prayer), but which might have also carried some cosmic symbolism.

In buildings (mainly dwelling houses and storehouses), the doors and window jambs, wider battens/boards, and the wooden window shutters were decorated. Ornamental decorations were also used on the top of the boards decorating the triangular opening in the hip under the roof, which were carved like a bird’s or a horse’s head, or shaped like a horn, sometimes even under the collar beams. The decorations were directed outwards so they would be visible. The other kind of ornament (mostly single signs) was cut on house tenons/mitre (i.e. inside). This was not visible, but the ornament had to protect the foundation of the house and the building from hazards coming from the outside (evil ghosts, evil people, natural elements, etc.).

In conclusion it may be said that from a magical and a decorative point of view, ornamentation played an important role in the wooden architecture of Latvia.

In the short preface the themes highlighted by Kursīte are compared with the wooden architecture of Estonia; it is stated that there are similarities but one has to work hard to find them.
Mõnda valdkonna teadusajakirjadest / On scholarly journals in craft research
Authors: Tüür Kadri
Published: April 2022

This article offers a brief survey of international scholarly journals on craft research and related fields (heritage protection and management, vernacular architecture, textile heritage, etc.).

In Estonian language, studies of material culture are chiefly published in the yearbooks of memory institutions, such as museums. Internationally, special publications focused on craft research were only established in the 21st century. In the Scandinavian countries, the notion of ‘sloyd’ is central to this type of research. In the European context, craft research is often categorised under ‘design history’, whereas in America it can be found under the label ‘material culture’. If one wishes to find studies on traditional wooden architecture, the keyword ‘vernacular’ comes in handy. One important search term is ‘practice-led’ research, as it is the closest one to the approach employed in the teaching and research activities of the Native craft department in University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy. What can be learnt from international publications is their skill in placing case studies within a wider global cultural, historical and economic background.

Heritage studies are relevant to craft research as craft and its outcomes are often connected with material and immaterial cultural heritage. Interest in sustainable materials and resource use has risen notably during recent decades, and this is also reflected in scholarly publications.

Some journals stand out with their experimental approach to contributions. For example, video publications could be very useful not only for lab practitioners, but also for craft researchers. The array of publications on craft research is relatively wide, and we should not hesitate to make good use of all the wonderful resources available.
Nakshi kantha – bengali traditsioonilise tikitud teki valmistamise ja tähenduse muutumine ajas / Nakshi kantha: changes in the making and meaning of a traditional Bengali embroidered blanket
Authors: Hadi Nurjahan
Published: April 2022

Nakshi kantha is a traditional quilt typical of Bengal, a cultural-historical area in South Asia now divided between Bangladesh and India’s West Bengal. Rural women make richly-embroidered quilts by stitching together rags embellished with various stitches to form motifs and designs that have been deliberately taken from the maker’s own habitat. The composition of the motifs renders the perception of the artisans visible, and thus it becomes the maker’s autobiography.

Once made only by joining rags embellished with endless running stitches, nowadays modern technologies (for making and decorating) and materials have been added as the blanket has reached public realms from its domestic sphere. This transition and commodification tends to elicit certain reactions either overtly or covertly.

This article is based on my MA thesis, defended at the University of Tartu, entitled ”Transformation of a Traditional Textile Craft: A Case Study of Nakshi kantha” in which I have discussed the commodification of a traditional quilt, Nakshi kantha, focusing on how a piece of domestic craft has turned into a commercialised product, how this raises questions regarding conventional thinking about the authenticity of heritage production and how this carries the essence of its historical purposes in its contemporary form. For my thesis, I have collected qualitative data by conducting interviews with the users, artisans, and the entrepreneurs, who all shared stories of their affiliation with this form of heritage production and its transformation.

With its various functions and metaphorical meanings, this embroidered textile craft has been valued as a part of Bengali heritage. Since undergoing commercialisation in the recent past, the quilt has become very popular as a memento of its recipient’s origins and attachment. It has enjoyed substantial market success, albeit at the price of its traditional vernacular meaning.

Keywords: Nakshi kantha, quilt, Bengal, traditional handicraft, commercialisation, heritage
Ultrasound-guided interventions for controlling the thoracic spine and chest wall pain: a narrative review
Authors: Park Donghwi , Chang Min Cheol
Published: April 2022

Ultrasound-guided injection is useful for managing thoracic spine and chest wall pain. With ultrasound, pain physicians perform the injection with real-time viewing of major structures, such as the pleura, vasculature, and nerves. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided injection procedure not only prevents procedure-related adverse events but also increases the accuracy of the procedure. Here, ultrasound-guided interventions that could be applied for thoracic spine and chest wall pain were described. We presented ultrasound-guided thoracic facet joint and costotransverse joint injections and thoracic paravertebral, intercostal nerve, erector spinae plane, and pectoralis and serratus plane blocks. The indication, anatomy, Sonoanatomy, and technique for each procedure were also described. We believe that our article is helpful for clinicians to conduct ultrasound-guided injections for controlling thoracic spine and chest wall pain precisely and safely.
Elekcje na urzędy ziemskie (sejmiki elekcyjne) w województwach ukrainnych w czasie wygnania
Authors: Stolicki Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Historycy mało miejsca poświęcali sejmikom elekcyjnym, mimo że prawo wyboru kandydatów na urzędy ziemskie było jednym z najstarszych uprawnień zgromadzeń szlacheckich. Szlachta uzyskała je już w XV w., co zostało potem potwierdzone w konstytucjach. Sejmiki elekcyjne na Litwie wprowadzono w II Statucie. Obywatele ziem inkorporowanych do Korony w 1569 r. przejęli większość zwyczajów koronnych. W drugiej połowie XVII w. sejmiki województw ukrainnych zbierały się na wygnaniu. Elekcje odbywały się, mimo że podczas wygnania sądy ziemskie tych województw nie funkcjonowały.
W stronę nowej syntezy historii społecznej? Uwagi nad Ludową historią Polski Adama Leszczyńskiego
Authors: Wyżga Mateusz
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu recenzyjnego jest ujęcie popularnej syntezy historycznej Adama Leszczyńskiego pt. Ludowa historia Polski w kontekście zapotrzebowania na nową syntezę historii społecznej. Skupiono się przede wszystkim na partii książki odnoszącej się do okresu przed XIX w. Omówiona została przyjęta przez Autora oś narracji, skoncentrowana na wyzysku mas społecznych przez elity w długim, obejmującym prawie całe pasmo dziejowe Polski, okresie. Zwrócono uwagę na nie dość krytyczne wykorzystanie starszej historiografii, pominięte lub zbyt słabo zaakcentowane różne aspekty życia poddanych, jak również uwzględnienie pewnych istotnych pozycji literatury przedmiotu.
Midwives' perspectives on the benefits for women and babies following completion of midwifery postgraduate complex care education
Authors: Maude Robyn , Douché Jeanie , Holloway Kathy
Published: April 2022

Background: Midwives require an expanded level of knowledge and skill to meet the complex care needs of childbearing clients and babies, along with their whānau (extended family and community) throughout their childbearing experience. Complexity in childbirth summons midwives to apply research in practice to support clinical decisions they make. Postgraduate education is key to preparing midwives with a level of expertise in the provision of evidence-based practice, with the view to improving outcomes for women and babies when care becomes complex. Aim: To explore the perceived benefits of midwifery postgraduate education for midwives, women, pregnant people, babies and maternity services, following midwives’ completion of a Postgraduate Certificate in Midwifery (Complex Care) offered at an Aotearoa New Zealand university. Method: A purposive sample of 90 midwives who completed the qualification between 2009 and 2017 were sent a link to an online, mixed method, self-report questionnaire. Twenty-seven surveys were returned and entered in Qualtrics for analysis. The qualitative component of the questionnaire is addressed in Question 13 and reported in this article. Findings: A thematic analysis found benefits of postgraduate complex care education included improved quality of care, enhanced knowledge, increased awareness of research, heightened critical thinking capabilities juxtaposed with improved professional development and enhanced communication. Conclusion: The study corroborated the premise that postgraduate midwifery complex care education is key to improving outcomes for childbearing women and babies in settings requiring complex care. Recognition of the benefits of the Postgraduate Certificate in Midwifery (Complex Care) for the provision of evidence-based practice is central to improving health outcomes when pregnancy and childbirth become complex.
The Hidden Costs and Benefits of Monitoring in the Gig Economy
Authors: Liang Chen , Peng Jing , Hong Yili , Gu Bin
Published: April 2022

Monitoring is ubiquitous in the gig economy wherein the workforce is geographically dispersed. However, workers are often reluctant to be monitored because of privacy concerns, resulting in a hidden economic cost for employers as workers demand higher wages for monitored jobs. We investigate how three common dimensions of monitoring affect workers’ willingness to accept monitored jobs through online experiments on two gig economy platforms. The three dimensions of monitoring are intensity (how much information is collected), transparency (whether the monitoring policy is disclosed to workers), and control (whether workers can remove sensitive information). We find that, as the monitoring intensity increases, workers become less willing to accept monitoring because of elevated privacy concerns. Furthermore, being transparent about the monitoring policy increases workers’ willingness to accept monitoring only when the monitoring intensity is low. Interestingly, providing control over high-intensity monitoring does not significantly reduce workers’ privacy concerns, rendering this well-intentioned policy ineffective. Finally, females are more willing to accept monitored jobs than males as they perceive higher payment protection from monitoring and have lower privacy concerns. On average, the hourly wage compensation required for gig workers to accept monitoring is 1.6∼1.8 dollars, which amounts to roughly 28.6%∼37.5% of their average hourly wage.
Manufacturing and Regulatory Barriers to Generic Drug Competition: A Structural Model Approach
Authors: Wang Yixin (Iris) , Li Jun , Anupindi Ravi
Published: April 2022

Understanding the drivers of market concentration in the generic pharmaceutical industry is essential to guaranteeing the availability of low-cost generics. In this paper, we develop a structural model to capture the multiple determinants governing manufacturers’ entry decisions; in particular, we focus on how manufacturing complexity and the regulatory environment for generics approval affect concentration in drug markets. We estimate the model using data collated from six disparate sources. We find that manufacturing complexity, as reflected in the number of active ingredients, for example, significantly reduces the likelihood of generics entry. Moreover, the delay in the review process for the generics applications significantly affects the number of firms entering a market. Our policy simulations suggest that a shortened drug approval review time significantly increases the average number of entrants per market and reduces the fraction of markets with no generics entry; however, a notable portion of markets would still lack any generic competition.

This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4423 .
Algorithms and Complexities of Matching Variants in Covariate Balancing
Authors: Hochbaum Dorit S. , Levin Asaf , Rao Xu
Published: April 2022

In an observational study there are two disjointed groups of samples, one of treatment samples and the other of control samples. Each of the samples is characterized by several observed covariates. Covariate balancing problems arise when estimating causal effects using observational data. It is desirable to replicate a randomized experiment by obtaining treatment and control groups with similar covariate distributions.

Even though covariate balancing problems have been studied extensively, the complexity status of many variants has not been established. Some of our results demonstrate that 2-covariate balancing problems are polynomial time solvable, whereas almost all problems are hard for three or more covariates. These results have practical implications, such as justifying the use of implicit enumeration techniques or heuristics for the hard cases. A new approach suggested by our results is to use the 2-covariate polynomial cases and relax the problem by aggregating covariates into two sets to be solved efficiently.

(accepted paper title: Algorithms and complexities of matching variants in covariate balancing)
Optimizing Opinions with Stubborn Agents
Authors: Hunter David Scott , Zaman Tauhid
Published: April 2022

How can we place persuasion agents in a social network to influence a population? In “Optimizing Opinions with Stubborn Agents,” David Scott Hunter and Tauhid Zaman present an algorithm based on opinion dynamics models that shows where to place these agents in a network for maximum persuasive effect. Using this algorithm, one can shape opinions in a variety of interesting ways. For instance, one can use the agents to maximize the opinion mean in order to increase support for an issue. More interestingly, one can use the algorithm to shape the opinion variance in order to decrease, or even increase, the polarization in a network. Simulations on a variety of real Twitter networks showed that, with their algorithm, a small number of strategically placed agents can create significant opinion shifts.
How Does Muslim Consumer Interest the Implementation of Islamic Consumption Behaviour during The Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Munifatussa'idah Asma' , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The implementation of the Islamic consumption behaviour is applying consumption actions or behaviors under Islamic principles. The application of Islamic consumption is influenced by the motivation and interest of a person to get satisfaction with goods/services.
Purpose: This research paper aims to analyze the influence of Muslim Consumer Interest in halal goods/services on the implementation of Islamic Consumption Behavior.
Methodology: The analytical method used quantitative analysis of primary data with non-probability sampling techniques. A total of 110 respondents were surveyed through an online questionnaire on the Muslim consumer in Semarang. The analysis model using a linear regression model.
Findings: The results in this study showed the consumption of halal goods/services by Muslim Consumer Interest (CI) has a positive and significant influence toward the implementation of Islamic Consumption Behavior (ICB) in Semarang. The results of this study have implications for the government and regional policymakers, especially in Semarang, as evaluation materials and policies for campaigning the Islamic consumption behavior program. In addition, this study also contribute to the existing literature and add to the study of Islamic consumption theory based on a quantitative analysis approach.
Paper Type: Research Article
Design and Analysis of 5G Telemedicine Systems
Authors: Chettri Lalit , Bera Rabindranath
Published: April 2022

Recently, remote health care is one of the serious issues to look after. Due to lack of technological advancement, the services in heath have been degrading. This work details about design of 5G Wireless communication systems and further it is implemented in telemedicine systems. As 5G deals with FBMC as a selected waveform and this has been chosen because it has the higher spectrum allocation capability and better interference rejection as compared to that of other multicarrier techniques. The main motivation to jump into 5G technologies is because of more connected devices and it can allocate the underutilized spectrum to the secondary user verifying the certain policies. As these telemedicine systems is one of the most needed technologies in health care especially in remote places and 5G systems has higher data rate where the health specialist can receive the patient status at less time and act as per the condition. This work details about transmission of patient’s vital sign, image and video and analysis which are most essential components in future Telemedicine systems.
IoT-based Home Water Monitoring using Arduino
Authors: Rosyady Phisca Aditya , Yulianto Dinan , Warsino Fathiyyah
Published: April 2022

There are many problems related to water in Indonesia, ranging from floods to water crises. One of the things we can do is manage water consumption so that we can use water effectively and wisely. The problem of excessive anggd unwise water use can be overcome by water consumption management.. In this study, a water consumption management system incc the household is created, which includes monitoring and control so that we can monitor and control it and also have a history of daily water use. The system will be made using Arduino Uno as controller and will be displayed on the LCD and the website. Based on research, the following conclusions were obtained: Successfully implemented IoT based home water monitoring using Arduino, Successfully designed a tool for water tank management based on Arduino Uno, the results obtained by the tool can detect when the water is full, and the water pump turns off automatically so that the water does not fill again and the tank will not be full. The average error of this system is 6.16 %. The bigger volume will make the error value decrease.
Effect of supervised rehabilitation combined with blood flow restriction training in athletes with chronic ankle instability: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Werasirirat Phurichaya , Yimlamai Tossaporn
Published: April 2022

Blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance exercise has been advocated as an alternative approach for improving muscle strength in patients undergoing musculoskeletal rehabilitation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 4-week supervised rehabilitation (R) with and without BFR on muscle strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), dynamic balance, and functional performance in athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI). A total of 16 collegiate athletes with CAI participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the BFR+R group (n=8) or the R group (n=8). Both groups underwent supervised rehabilitation 3 times weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Additionally, the BFR+R group was applied with a cuff around the proximal thigh at 80% arterial occlusion pressure in addition to the traditional rehabilitation program, whereas the R group received the sham BFR only. Before and after 4 weeks of intervention, isokinetic muscle strength, CSA, Y-balance test, and side hop test (SHT) were measured. Following a 4-week intervention, the BFR+R group exhibited significant improvements in muscle strength of ankle plantarflexor and evertor, CSA of fibularis longus, and SHT timed performance compared with prior training and the R group (all, P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed on dynamic balance among the groups. The present finding indicated that a 4-week supervised rehabilitation combined with BFR is more effective in improving muscle strength and size and functional performance compared with the traditional rehabilitation alone. This information could have implications for physical therapists and clinician in developing and designing a rehabilitation program for athletes with CAI.
Effectiveness of yoga training programs to reduce depression and improve resilience of single mothers
Authors: Kim So-Jung , Lee Yong-Hyun
Published: April 2022

Single mothers are vulnerable to mental health such as depression, but emotional support is insufficient. Yoga is known to be effective in reducing negative emotions and promoting resilience. This study was conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of yoga training programs in reducing depression and improving the resilience of single mothers. Participants in the study included 20 single mothers who belonged to the Single Mothers Association, who were randomly assigned to training (n=10) and nontraining (n=10) groups. The yoga training program for single mothers consisted of Asana yoga, meditation, and mind expression through expert meetings; a total of eight sessions were conducted once a week for 120 min. Testing for depression and resilience was performed before and after the program in order to verify the effectiveness of the program. According to the results of the study, depression in single mothers who participated in the yoga training program was significantly decreased, and resilience was significantly increased. Therefore, the effectiveness of the yoga training program in lowering the depression of single mothers and improving resilience was confirmed. In the future conduct of many studies will be required in order to help the mental health of single mothers.
Biosecurity Education for the Next Generation
Authors: Schuft Abby , Schieck Boelke Sarah , DeWitte Diane , Martinson Krishona , Cortus Erin L.
Published: April 2022

Highlights

Youth are agents for change in biosecurity practices.

47 workshops introduced biosecurity principles to youth.

The curriculum was tailored for nine animal species.

Biosecurity education requires continued programming.

Abstract. Biosecurity education for youth involved in animal agriculture is vital for the continued success of commerce in these industries. Biosecurity workshops were developed and delivered to youth in Minnesota to encourage positive changes, with long-term outcomes of healthier animals. Learning gains were significant for all participants, and the participants retained this knowledge over time. Most participants had good intentions of making changes because of the workshops, and follow-up survey results showed that the participants implemented changes, validating that youth are agents for behavior change. However, other indicators surfaced suggesting that continued programming is needed to encourage adoption of more biosecurity practices. Keywords: Animals, Biosecurity education, Youth.
Optimization and Power Management of Solar PV-based Integrated Energy System for Distributed Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Mohammad Sheikh Suhail , Iqbal Sheikh Javed
Published: April 2022

Photovoltaic-based integrated energy systems act as a possible modern technological solution for clean and affordable green hydrogen production. However, research attempts are required from the scientific community to develop power management, control, optimization algorithms, and new techniques for these integrated energy systems effective and economical operation. The integrated energy system considered in this work consists of a solar photovoltaic, battery, grid and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. PEM electrolyzer with a power rating of 100 kW is modelled as a controlled current sink to interfere with the DC bus directly. This work proposes a power management and control algorithm for the photovoltaic-based integrated energy system considering different parameters like availability of solar photovoltaic power, DC link voltage, battery state of charge (SOC), tariff and availability of grid power. Effective power-sharing among the different power sources increases system reliability and stability. Optimization is performed for optimal sizing and costing to achieve economical operation such that these photovoltaic-based integrated energy systems become affordable and are encouraged for wide use. The photovoltaic system operates at the maximum power point through a neural network-based control strategy; in addition to this, stacking in neural network topologies is also discussed for improving system accuracy in tracking the reference voltage for MPPT operation. The DC link voltage is controlled by interfacing the battery with the DC link via a bidirectional buck-boost power converter. The contribution of the work is to highlight the role of renewable energy sources for continuous green hydrogen production. Green hydrogen will be a critical driving force for the future transportation system, fuel cell-based power generation, and industries utilizing hydrogen in direct or indirect forms-that will help transition towards a carbon-free society. Optimization and time-domain simulation results indicated the economic and technical feasibility of the proposed photovoltaic-based integrated energy system for green hydrogen production with the best optimal configuration producing hydrogen at the cost of $ 4.806/kg and total net present cost of $749904.
Moving Towards Self Reliant Microgrids in Indian Scenario
Authors: Muleta Negasa , Badar Altaf Q. H. , Mumtaz Naiyer
Published: April 2022

An electrical power system is among the most critical infrastructures which are crucial for the sustainable development of a nation. The progress of a country like India cannot be thought of without being self-sufficient in the rural areas where about 65% of the population resides. The cost of the power grid is increasing and the communities should search for better options from within their available resources to generate energy. Microgrid (MG) formation shall lead to a self-reliant power system providing low-cost energy for consumers. Environmental factors should also be considered while designing a MG. Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in the formation of MGs in rural regions where these sources are available in abundance. For investigation purposes, three villages from Jharkhand, India, are selected in this study. These villages have different types of renewable energy resources and loads within their jurisdiction. The installation of renewable energy sources will make the villages more self-reliant. HOMER software is used during the analysis of the system by considering the renewable energy contribution and subsidy as a factor. Without subsidy, the combination of the system is intended to operate at Rs. 5.32/kWh and with 69.1%, renewable energy sharing of the total load. The best configuration results in a minimum cost of energy (COE) of Rs. 4.92/ kWh (with subsidy) which is less than utility cost (Rs. 6.25/kWh) and has a share of 63.1% of renewable energy.