bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The End of a Love Affair?
Authors: McWilliams Wilson Carey
Published: September 2018

My Lai and Vietnam spell the end of an era for the United States Army. The old order is as dead as the horse cavalry, as dated as the prewar military of James Jones's From Here to Eternity. Visible things may not have changed much, but the meaning and spirit of military life have already been altered beyond repair, We will never look at the uniform in the same way, and soldiers will never again feel the same things about themselves.
The Hope and Despair of Marcuse
Authors: Murchland Bernard
Published: September 2018

The key to Marcuse's thought is his thesis that effective social criticism depends upon a philosophy of two-dimensionality-that is to say, philosophy conceived primarily as a criticism of what is. Alasdair Maclntyre rightly points out that Marcuse thinks the central concern of philosophy should be "with the structure of what can be thought and therefore confronts actuality with possibility." His is a driving passion to correct. And the basic distinction that runs through all of Marcuses works and defines the dual dimension which generates serious thought is the distinction between things as they are and things as they might be.
The “Biafra Lobby” and U.S. Foreign Policy
Authors: Lefever Ernest W.
Published: September 2018

The passionate “Biafra Lobby” in the United States is a perfect example of the moral and political pitfalls of organized pleading and pressure on particular international problems The pro Biafra crusade is an improbable conglomeration of the New Left and old right idealists and hierlings American citizens and foreigners churchmen and secularists isolationists and interventionists. Though no clear common concern unites these diverse persons most of them agree that the United States Government should do more than it is now doing to feed starving Biafrans and many of them seem to believe that the U.S. hands-off policy toward the brutal civil war in Nigeria is immoral because it interferes with mercy measures and denies the Biafrans the “right of self-determination.”
Understanding the Pentagon
Authors: Stackhouse Max L.
Published: September 2018

There is a certain level of writing on social and political issues that stands between good journalism and genuine scholarship. Good journalism attempts to assemble and report as much pertinent data as is available, Genuine scholarship, by making clear a theoretical framework or a verifiable testing technique, considers the weight that should be given to various facts to be used for explanatory, interpretive or constructive reasons. These two books fall at that certain level (though Melman's tends more toward scholarship and Plate's toward journalism). Both men assemble a wide range of pertinent data and place it in a particular framework (for both authors this framework is their concern that America pursue a path to peace).
Justice, War and Politics: Vietnam in the United States
Authors: Quade Quentin L.
Published: September 2018

The question of justice and war is precisely a question: Can war ever be the task of justice?

Pacifism is one clear response to this question. There are different pacifisms, certainly, but they seem to converge at the point of policy. There is a pacifism which may be called experiential, in the sense that one's reading of the history of armed conflict forces one to conclude that, on balance, war will never produce good fruit. There is another which may be intuitional or deontological, in that one somehow knows, independently of inductive, logical processes, that the life-taking which war is, is intolerable. Both positions yield a general policy posture: War may not be done.
Report from Chile
Authors: Collins Joseph
Published: September 2018

I arrived at Santiago's Pudahuel Airport carrying two large 16 mm. film cans. A customs officer, who seemed both surprised and relieved that I, although obviously a North American, spoke Spanish comfortably, informed me that films could not be brought into the country. Fresh from a month in Mexico, my immediate reaction was to offer what the Mexicans call a "bite." But Chile is not Mexico, and bribing an official in Chile would be taken as the greatest of insults. It was fortunate I remembered that, and I asked instead to see the Chief Officer. The Chief Officer greeted me and welcomed me to Chile, repeating the other officer's statement that foreign films cannot be brought into the country without a special license.
Taking Bangla Desh in Stride: Selective Indignation in America
Authors: Marty Martin E.
Published: September 2018

The world community does not seem to care." This judgment appears in almost every analysis of the situation in Bangla Desh, formerly East Pakistan. North Americans know little about the politics of Pakistan, the geography of suffering, the moral issues involved. What is more, "compassion fatigue" has set in and our capacity for moral outrage is dormant, at least where the agonies of remote millions are concerned. Still we can, as Hugh McCullum, for example, does in the September, 1971, Canadian Churchman, make an effort to personalize the plea to help save the life of a Bengali refugee.
The Holy See and International Organizations
Authors: Verosta Stephan
Published: September 2018

In its quest for peace and justice, the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church is involved with many international organizations. That network of relations is worth examining.

After World War I, the war to end all wars, a workable peacekeeping machinery seemed to have been set up. It was hailed by the greater public and by many statesmen with great enthusiasm. There was established in 1919 both the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization. The Vatican was reserved toward the first and highly sympathetic to the second.
Conversation With Bernard Häring
Authors: MacEoin Gary
Published: September 2018

Bernard Häring is one of the foremost theologians of the Catholic Church. His theological skirmishes and battles over the last several years are a record not only of a personal journey but of the contemporary vicissitudes and transformation of the oldest continuous institution in the Western world.

Häring's difficulties with the Holy Office, the Vatican's once-powerful heresy-hunting tribunal, began during the first sessions of the ante-preparatory commissions for Vatican Council II. Employed as a professional theologian by the German bjshops, he ran into immediate difficulty with Cardinal Ottaviani and Archbishop Pietro Parente, the two top men at the Holy Office, and with the violent-tempered Franciscan, Ennenegildo Lio, Defender of the Bond, whose persistent efforts to smother any suggestion of progress in the documents to be debated at the Council were constantly and successfully challenged by Häring.
Were Gandhi to Return
Authors: Myrdal Gunnar
Published: September 2018

Mohandas Gandhi's moral personality is a richly faceted gem, showing up quite differently, depending on the placement of the observer. I have for many years been entangled in a study of South Asian and, in particular, Indian problems of underdevelopment, development and planning for development. My value premises in Asian Drama were the rationalistic modernization ideals emanating from the Enlightenment and pervasive in liberal thought everywhere (the assertions about Gandhi's opinions expressed below are documented in various places in that book). Together with Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi walks through Asian Drama as a spiritual leader upholding these ideals in a quite optimistic liberal or post-Victorian English variety, though molded by the Indian tradition. Of course this characterization does not exhaust what can be said about Gandhi's worldview, but I believe it is important to a full view of the father of the Indian nation.
Socialist and Christian in Chile
Authors: Poblete Renato
Published: September 2018

The focus of the world press upon Salvador Allende has, in 1972, given Chile the center stage occupied by Cuba fourteen years ago. For the first time in history a Marxist candidate who respected the rules of the game was freely elected by a democratic nation. So much is well known. What the “Popular Unity” program is all about and the difficulties encountered in the first year of government are not so well known. Nor, more particularly, have Christian attitudes toward developments in Chile received the attention they deserve. Both in Chile and in other countries many people are disoriented by the outcome of events, finding it difficult to understand how a nation with a Christian and democratic tradition could freely choose the leadership of a declared Marxist.
Jews, Blacks and the Cold War at the Top
Authors: Cuddihy John Murray
Published: September 2018

That Bernard Malamud passes as a Jewish author is a commentary on the cultural and theological illiteracy of our times. Jewish by descent, his literary themes and values are Christian, echt Christian, sometimes nauseatingly so. "Malamud's themes," Stanley Edgar Hyman informed us long ago in The New Leader, "are the typical themes of the New Testament: charity, compassion, sacrifice, redemption…." He added: "these Christian themes are thoroughly secularized." Malamud's central theme, with variations, is not merely redemption, but redemption through love, through sacrificial, universal, altruistic, agapic, Christian love. His heroes are Christ figures. But the d£cor of his novels and their characters are largely Jewish. And that's where the confusion begins.
Latin America: No Room for Illusion
Authors: Tomic Radomiro
Published: September 2018

Quo Vadis Latin America?" is a question that disturbs many people, since nowhere else in the world do there exist so many revolutionary tensions. In order to reply to the question and to exercise influence on the future it is necessary to ask first: "Where do you come from, Latin America?" For the reality of each people is its present, plus the historical context from which it emerges. It is a history four hundred years old, made up of light and shadows, of some spectacular achievements in the past and, of disastrous failures. But it is now tense with expectations because the frustration these failures have bred announce dawn rather than twilight.
War and Its Conventions
Authors: Zahn Gordon C.
Published: September 2018

Granted, there is a touch of the absurd in speaking of the present as the "aftermath" of the war in Vietnam. As the battered populations of Cambodia and Laos have discovered, American "peace with honor" in one part of Indochina has meant little more than a change in bombing targets. Nevertheless, presidential proclamations assure us that peace has been made and honor preserved, and during the first two months following the agreement ceremonially concluded in Paris these assurances fell upon our ears with almost the same regularity as the 110,000 tons of bombs dropped on Indochina. As the remnants of a once mighty peace movement can testify, the warwearied public has been only too willing to accept these assurances and close its eyes to the ugly realities that would threaten the welcome illusion.
Fulbright's Circle
Authors: Yergin Daniel
Published: September 2018

Bill Fulbright has suffered for some time from a Cassandra complex," said a senatorial colleague of the Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. With reason enough, for Fulbright has spent more than a decade warning of the dangers that come from the arrogance of power. In 1961 he advised John Kennedy against the Bay of Pigs invasion. Throughout 1965 and 1966 he warned Lyndon Johnson not to escalate the Vietnam war— and was rewarded with whispered rumors about his mental balance.

But on one occasion, although Fulbright's advice was good, his prophecy was wrong. One pleasant spring afternoon in 1969 he went to the White House for an amiable two-hour discussion with Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger.
Israeli Politics and the West Bank
Authors: Oren Stephen
Published: September 2018

Half a decade after the Six-Day War the Israeli government has made no decision about the future of the West Bank. The elections held in the West Bank's towns in early 1972, but under Jordanian law, were one example of the Jerusalem cabinet's inability to come to any decision and its determination to postpone decision for as long as possible. This determination reflects the complexity of the problem per se and the deep divisions within the Israeli polity on this subject. We will focus on the internal Israeli aspect.
The Anti-Institutional Mood
Authors: Zijderveld Anton C.
Published: September 2018

One of the strangest paradoxes of modem man, often reflected upon by various social commentators, is the fact that he seems to be infinitely malleable under the pressures of his institutional environment while at the same time he is constantly rebelling against it. The easiest solution of the paradox is to divide modern men into two categories, those who rebel and those who conform. Usually this split is additionally dramatized by identifying the rebels with the younger generation, while people roughly above thirty years of age are considered members of the “establishment.” Since the latter is morally compromising nowadays, not a few members of the “older” generation try to pass as youngsters or adolescents, adjusting to the clothes, manners, musical tastes, linguistic jargon and political argot typical of various youth groups and their sub- or countercultures.
Secular Incompetence and Catholic Confusion
Authors: Wills Garry
Published: September 2018

The “adult” State, conscious of the autonomy proper to its adulthood, [is] not merely impatient of any political tutelage exercised from without by the Church, but rightfully free from such external tutelage because the means for its self-direction to right spiritual and moral ends exist within the political order itself–I mean the whole range of democratic institutions.

– John Courtney Murray, S.J.

Woodstock College, folded into the hills of Maryland, is a historic place—the first, and for long the best, Jesuit school of theology in this country. Its main building, hewn of native white stone over a hundred years ago, is very impressive, each wing of it backed by semi-detached high bell towers. The story goes that plans for the seminary had been drawn up and sent off to Rome for approval, but that construction had already begun when Rome sent back a query: Suntne angeli? (“Are they angels there?”). The plans had not included toilet facilities, which were belatedly concentrated, floor by floor, in the towers, whose steamed upper windows hold no bells after all.
Nkrumah—the Prophet Risen
Authors: Woronoff Jon
Published: September 2018

Ghana is a warm and passionate country where people are not ashamed of emotions. Three outbursts, very emotional and very different, marked his passage. On March 6, 1957, everyone turned out in their Sunday best, prim and neat, the children lined up before their parents for the ceremony making their colony the first to attain independence in Black Africa. The British flag was lowered, that of Ghana raised. All eyes turned toward the man who had worked this great change and would now lead them toward the promise. On February 24, 1966, after the shooting stopped, hastily organized and often spontaneous demonstrations began.
How Scholars Lie
Authors: Gareth Porter D.
Published: September 2018

If the American public, after more than twenty years of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, remains confused about the politics and objectives of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, it is primarily because of a steady diet of misinformation conveyed by the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments. The agents of this misinformation are primarily journalists and scholars who depend on the two governments for their facts.

During the long struggle in Vietnam it has been vitally important for successive U.S. administrations and their client regimes in Vietnam to persuade the American public of the justification for the intervention that is aimed at keeping local anti-Communists in power. Frequently, therefore, the same political warfare techniques used in Vietnam have been aimed also at the American public.
Counteroffensive in the Polders
Authors: Franck Frederick
Published: September 2018

Our bishops," says Father Frans Haarsma, professor of pastoral psychology at the Catholic niversity of Nijmegen, "made their fatal mistake at the time of the upheaval about the Dutch catechism. Cardinal Alfrink then minimized the objections of the Vatican as not being serious, a matter of minor corrections. Instead, he should have put his foot down and used the occasion to affirm the legitimacy of difference in theological viewpoints, while at the same time asserting the fundamental commitment of the Dutch Church to its unity with Rome. Pluriformity implies that one dares uphold the legitimacy of differentiation in theological viewpoints and that there are limits to Roman authority."
Wondrous Golda and Another Story
Authors: Keshon Ephraim
Published: September 2018

In these dark days when our very own Prime Minister is waging a personal rearguard battle on the fields of Washington, when President Nixon is full of reproach and his Secretary, of State feigns anger, when Commander Sadat still won't decide on the meaning of "year of decision," we should stop for a moment to acknowledge that we have more luck in having Golda than in anything else. Just two and a half years ago the leadership of her splintered party rescued her from oblivion as a compromise, and the whole country—including this writer—cried out against the misfortune wrought from above.
The MAD Nuclear Policy
Authors: Ramsey Paul
Published: September 2018

What are the imperatives for strategic thinking for the seventies? At the beginning of the seventies the United States adheres even more firmly to a policy of minimum or finite deterrence. Our power at all other levels of war and deterrence is increasingly challenged or outstripped. Even the possible vulnerability of our nuclear forces is tolerated for the sake of strategic disarmament treaties to come. It is difficult to tell the difference, for example, between editorials on strategic questions in the New York Times over the past two or three years and Dulles's “more bang for a buck” policy. The upshot seems clearly to be a i greater reliance on the most politically immoral nuclear posture imaginable, namely, Mutual Assured Destruction.
The Violence of Truth
Authors: Winters Francis X.
Published: September 2018

The appearance of John Yoder's exegetical defense of pacifism, The Politics of Jesus, has reopened the question of the relationship between violence and religious values (cf. Stanley Hauerwas's “Messianic Pacifism,” Worldview, June, 1973). Even those who have carefully and decisively rejected the pacifist option will be disturbed once more by this magistral summation of the New Testament tradition. The source of this unease will be Yoder's informed and dispassionate examination of the question: What is the significance of Jesus' death for the contemporary Christian? His reminder that the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus constitute the form of Christian existence is persuasive in its very simplicity. He argues, principally on the basis of St. Luke's Gospel, but with corroboration from virtually all the New Testament writings, that a life unscarred by defeat cannot be called Christian. There can be no following of Jesus that does not go by way of the cross, nor any hope that resurrection will occur outside a tomb. Starkly, Yoder calls us back to the basics, asking: What is the cross in your political life?
MNCs: The Sixth Superpower
Authors: Taira Koji , Standing Guy
Published: September 2018

The multinational corporation is an obviously important enterprise in the world today. But how important, and in what ways? The gross world product is estimated to be about $3 trillion, the United States accounting for one-third of it. Europe, Japan and Australia produce another third, and the remaining third is produced in the USSR, Eastern Europe, China and developing countries elsewhere in the world. About 15 per cent, or $450 billion, is accounted for by the multinational corporation (MNC), whose output has been increasing at 10 per cent per annum.
The Elusive Soul of Japanese Business
Authors: Kirk Donald
Published: September 2018

Under autumn sky, all creatures

Emulate each other in freedom

In resentment at the vast sky

I ask the spreading earth

Who shall control over the fall and the rise?

(Mao Tse-Tung)

Mao Tse-tung composed the verse in 1925 before organizing the farmers of his native village into an “association to clean up the shame” of Japanese “invasion” of parts of northern China—the precursor to the spreading occupation of the Chinese mainland in the 1930's. A negotiator for China's Five-Metal Company presented a scroll, with the characters for the verse gracefully brushed in black ink, to Hosai Hyuga, president of Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., in December, 1972, three months after Japan and the People's Republic opened diplomatic relations.
A Modest Proposal for Ending Poverty and War
Authors: Breig James
Published: September 2018

Waste, as is now well known, has become a cosmic threat. Scientists have warned us that the accumulated product of overpopulation is strangling the environment. Smoky filth darkens the sky, turning the air into lethal gas. The junk of existence piles up, transforming park greens into tin mines. The oil of industry spills death where once there was life.

That this must? be stopped is indisputable. But, until now, no suitable plan has been offered. My modest proposal will cure two of man's greatest ills by ending overpopulation and providing a new source of income for the poor. And, since experts link overcrowding with aggressive behavior, war may even be eliminated.
A Is for Africa, B Is for Black Belonging
Authors: Maxine Ankrah E.
Published: September 2018

The Return. I once wondered how it would feel to arrive back in Anomabu (home of Aggrey and Robert Gardiner) and be referred to simply asvKodwo's wife rather than as the American, wife of … ! For I am black, twelve years married, dress in fhe traditional Ghanaian “cloth,” speak a bit of the Fante language, have features generally indistinguishable from my in-laws, and I have lived and worked for eight years in West and East Africa. Politically I am firmly aligned with those working toward a genuine economic and political liberation of black Africa. Nevertheless, for the likes of me in Africa, “black” does not yet fully mean “belonging”
The Illusion of Europe
Authors: Holmes John W.
Published: September 2018

During the excitement of expansion, members of the European Economic Community may be forgiven if their comments on Community policy are often more rhetorical than rational. In sober moments European leaders display an awareness of the dilemmas they face in achieving that ambiguous state of grace known as unity. What is less fully recognized is the dilemma the Community presents to outsiders, particularly those who are and wish to remain its friends.

How are we to deal with, how are we to accommodate, how are we to make provisions for this creation which, because it is in the process of shaping itself, does not know what it is going to be? Do we accept it for what it seems to be at this moment, a loose association of sovereign powers which already can exercise some authority in internal matters but is not acting in external matters like the unit it seems to want to be? Or do we make our calculations on the basis of the rhetoric?

EEC spokesmen at times stress the freedom of its sovereign parts.
Heidi in Technological Society
Authors: Barber Benjamin R.
Published: September 2018

small Alpine village in the shadow of mountains that have watched impassively the coming of industrial society. A remarkable study in contrasts. A massive peasant house built in the sixteenth century across the street from a completely automated milk-processing center. Smooth machines now handle a host of functions that were once the work of the peasant family across the way. A swaying cable car carries foreign tourists up over common land that the village is no longer populous enough to cultivate. A young girl can be seen haying on the side of an Alpine meadow worked by her ancestors, but she is wearing a miniskirt and rib sweater, and she is soon on her way to a big-city salesgirl apprenticeship.
New Alliances in the Middle East
Authors: Oren Stephen
Published: September 2018

Growing tensions in the Persian Gulf area threaten to plunge this oil-rich region into violent conflict. The conflict could well become a full-fledged Middle East war involving the U.S. and the USSR as these superpowers go in turn to the aid of their clients. The recent clashes between Iraqi and Kuwaiti troops, Iran's decision to buy $2 billion worth of U.S. arms and political disputes in Pakistan between Baluchi tribesmen and the government are all signs of the tensions.

Who are the antagonists? On the one side, the radical Army-Ba'ath regime in Iraq, with its predominantly Arab population of over nine million, makes no bones of its conviction that the Iranian monarchy is doomed, that the Persian Gulf area (which it terms the Arab Gulf) should be dominated by Arabs, and that Iraq is the natural leader of the Arabs of the Gulf area.
The Yellow Uniforms of Cuba
Authors: Jacqueney Theodore
Published: September 2018

In Cuba, political prisoners wear yellow uniforms,"the wife of one prisoner told me in Havana. Originally, the color was meant, to be punitive—the same color worn by the army of defeated dictator Fulgencio Batista, with obvious implications. In the late 1960's," said another political prisoner's relative, "when my father was with Huber Matos and others in Cinco Y Medio prison, located five-and-a-half miles from Pinar Del Rio, a prison director tried to require political prisoners to change to the blue uniforms worn by common criminals. Led by Matos and his cell mates, political prisoners protested being lumped with common criminals, and refused to wear the blue uniforms. They were severely beaten." Some political prisoners then accepted the new color, but Matos and his followers never relented. "They were forced to go without any clothes at all for four months. The guards said that if they refused the blue uniforms they must go naked.
Skinner and Aquinas
Authors: Novak Michael
Published: September 2018

A remarkable number of Christian theologians are, perhaps surprisingly, praising B. F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity. A number of others believe his work incompatible with Christianity. Both may be wrong.

Professor Skinner would be the last person to claim autonomous credit for Beyond Freedom and Dignity. It was not he, it was the environment that controlled the book's coming into being. And if we suppose that Skinner is a latter-day Thomas Aquinas, we might well imagine on his lips the echoes of an ancient outlook: "It was not owing to anything in me; everything was gift. Yet, I set hand to paper, but only through God's grace sweetly disposing all things…." We recall the countless unsigned medieval masterpieces, the anonymous achievements of Chartres and that now lost social and cultural sense which did not attach much significance to which individual it was who expressed best the artistic genius of the age. It was enough, in those days, that the people, the culture, flowered. So imagining, so remembering, we recover more fully the shock of the sudden birth of ego: the Eenaissance, the Enlightenment and the Age of the Individual.
The Clear and Present Danger
Authors: Fulbright J. W.
Published: September 2018

It is one of the perversities of human nature that people have a far greater capacity for enduring disasters than for preventing them, even when the danger is plain and imminent. Winston Churchill, for all his prescience and eloquence, was powerless to prevent the Second World War: He wrote in 1936 of an England “decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all-powerful to be impotent.” The question for us today is whether, we can succeed where Churchill failed—a tall order Indeed— by preventing disaster so as not to have to endure it.
The False Consciousness of “Consciousness Raising”
Authors: Berger Peter L.
Published: September 2018

In the early 1960's, before the military coup, Paulo Freire and his collaborators experimented with a new method of literacy education in the Northeast of Brazil. The basic idea was simple: Teaching literacy was not to be an isolated activity but part of a larger broadening of die intellectual horizons of the previously illiterate. An important aspect was political. The illiterate were to learn reading and writing at the hand of topics (Freire called these “generative themes”) that concerned everyday experience. For the impoverished and rural proletariat of the Northeast this was to a high degree an experience of deprivation, exploitation, and oppression.
Race, Class, and the New Ethnicity
Authors: Louis Horowitz Irving
Published: September 2018

Recent behavior of working-class Americans, sometimes called “new ethnics,”; has deeply shocked and bewildered many .acute commentators. The supposed return to militant self-identification has led one radical, Pete Hamill, to claim that “the working-class white man is actually in revolt against taxes, joyless work, the double standards and short memories of professional politicians, hypocrisy and what he considers the debasement of the American dream.”

The same display of muscular working-class behavior has led Herbert Hill, an equally radical critic, to assert that “the hard-hat labor unionists, and they are by no means limited to the building trades, have joined with the military elite and their political spokesmen. This suggests the great danger of the rise of a proto-fascdst workers” movement in the United States.
Fighting Among the Doves
Authors: Finn James
Published: September 2018

There will always be people to minimize violations of human rights and to justify those they acknowledge. This is happening now in the case of Vietnam.

At the end of the war in April, 1975, there was no bloodbath, as some of the more harsh antagonists of North Vietnam predicted. That terrible possibility not having come to pass, many Americans were pleased to turn their attention elsewhere.
The Fatal Assumptions of Social Therapy
Authors: Gann L.H.
Published: September 2018

Since time immemorial men have believed in an inner spiritual core of the human personality. All primitive religions hold that man is inhabited by a spirit, however defined. The higher religions claim that man has a soul, that the spiritual nature is the true self, of which the body is a vessel. Since the seventeenth century these notions have been subjected to ever-increasing attacks. The critics of conventional morality include materialists of many different persuasions. However much they differ among themselves, they hold certain principles in common.
Dictatorship Over the Proletariat
Authors: Bukovsky Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Tens of thousands of books have been written about the Soviet Union–about its industry, agriculture, the political system, and its history. Even about prisons, concentration camps, and insane asylums there is a lot of literature. And yet, in talking with various persons in the West, I have realized how little is known here about Soviet life.
Negative of a Crucifixion
Authors: Franck Frederick
Published: September 2018

Holy Thursday in Assisi. In front of the Church of Santa Chiara the buses from Vienna, Munich, Milano keep unloading droves of Holy Week pilgrims. Their cameras start clicking the moment they have stretched their legs. Inside Santa Chiara the nuns limpid Gregorian chant wafts around the miraculous cross that one day, long ago, conversed with Saint Francis. Flashbulbs are popping.

Saint Clara, Francis's saintly girl friend, lies entombed in the crypt below. From her grave a sexy little voice lisps: “Francays? Ingleesh? Doitsch?” Reassuringly it originates from behind the heavy veil hiding a nun whose task it is to show the relics: “Ecco Santa Chiara's embroidered slippers … voila la chemise she sewed with her own hands for Saint- Francois … In diesem Bokal sehen Sie∼it is a jar filled with platinum-blond curls—Sankt Clara's Haare. … Sie ivur sher shim… Elle etait tres belle … bellissima…”
The Hope of Liberation
Authors: Gutierrez Gustavo
Published: September 2018

The resistance of those who persist in maintaining old ways of thinking theologically and their accusations that the faith is being distorted are reminiscent of the opposition to the use of Aristotelian philosophy in theology. Notwithstanding the unfounded alarms and episodic condemnations these protests might provoke in the present, they, like their predecessors, have no future.

The future is in the hands of a faith which has no fear of the advances in thought and no fear of the social practice of man, a faith which allows itself to be interrogated by these phenomena, but also challenges them, a faith which is enriched but does not submit acritically.
Conservative Christian Radicalism
Authors: Wallis Jim
Published: September 2018

The Post-American is committed to radical discipleship.” So begins a descriptive statement about a publication that seeks to serve as a forum for an emerging consciousness. Its message is both old and new—a radical understanding of biblical faith and discipleship. The context of American power and global dominance makes the need for “post-american” vision particularly critical. The publication, first as a tabloid and now as a monthly magazine, has received wide support among people seeking to rediscover the meaning of the Gospel for their lives and their times, people being driven to a new understanding of themselves, their nation and their Christian responsibilities.
Government by Torture
Authors: Rosenbaum Lorrin
Published: September 2018

I hate all violence, but most intensely I hate the violence inflicted by an all-powerful establishment on a helpless individual. The thought of a man or woman alone in a secret cell facing the fiendish horrors of ingenious and remorseless torture is utterly revolting. I can think of no evil to equal it. It should by now be a crime completely outlawed, but instead it spreads like an epidemic disease.
An Anglo-American Dilemma
Authors: Gelber Lionel
Published: September 2018

The people of Britain will soon vote on Britain's terms of entry into the European Economic Community, Although the consequences of that referendum will be highly significant, it is difficult to predict the outcome of the balloting. It is possible, however, to anticipate what some of the consequences will be if the British accept the renegotiated terms of entry.

For Britain, Community membership may entail diminution of her own sovereignty; a weakening of the valuable Anglo-American relation; the creation of a neutralist, an tt-American Third Force; and a dislocation of the British economy. Each of these must be very seriously evaluated before the vote is taken, before the die is cast.
Christ and Culture in Zaire
Authors: Adelman Kenneth L.
Published: September 2018

Since we decided to retake our authentic names, everybody speaks of a conflict with the Church. This is not the case at all. There is no conflict between Church and State in Zaire.“ While President Mobutu Sese Seko denies the Church-State situation in Zaire is one of conflict, it is undoubtedly not one of great harmony. When a government expels the cardinal from his own country, silences the churches by prohibiting all religious broadcasts, publications and meetings, and refers to the political party as the proper way to fulfill the word of God, there are some very real problems.
The Uses and Abuses of the Past
Authors: Sisk John P.
Published: September 2018

Recently I received in the mail an advertising brochure for the History of Childhood Quarterly, a publication committed to the assumptions and objectives of psychohistory. I read psychohistory before I knew there was such a thing, particularly in the fascinating studies of Luther and Gandhi by Erik Erickson, and certainly before I was aware that the subject was such a controversial one among historians, who are perhaps now wondering: Do the insights of depth psychology reveal hitherto hidden causes of historic events, or do they represent a dangerous intrusion of a discipline that is imprecise enough when working with living subjects, let alone long dead ones? Was the Jewish doctor who poisoned Hitler's mother while operating on her for breast cancer a causative factor in Hitler's later decision to remove the Jewish cancer from German culture? Was Nixon's vi gorous prosecution of the war in Vietnam connected with his childhood worries about being a sissy? Was President John F. Kennedy affected as Chief Executive by his unconscious belief that his parents didn't really love him?
Reflections on Philosophy, Especially in America
Authors: Gellner Ernest
Published: September 2018

A certain eclecticism is perhaps the most conspicuous feature of American philosophy. The deep structure which generates the whole range of views and positions in American philosophy is quite easy to locate. It is this: there are fifty states in the Union. These can be listed in one column. In a second column, one can list all available philosophic schools: positivists, pragmatists, Platonists, Thomists, Hegelians, Wittgensteinians, existentialists and so forth.

There is now a very simple and absolutely reliable law, which runs as follows: To every possible pair of elements, drawn one each from the two columns, there corresponds at least one living, real, concrete professor of philosophy. In other words, there is at least one Texas Hegelian, one Nebraska phenomenologist, one West Virginia Wittgensteinian, one Ohio Kantian and so forth. Of course there may be more than one, but in all circumstances there is at least one.
Cancun: Step Forward or Lost Opportunity?
Authors: Novak Jeremiah
Published: September 2018

It was in May, 1974, at the Sixth Special Session of the United Nations, that a majority of the nations of the world, overriding Western objections, passed a resolution that called for the establishment of a New International Economic Order. This resolution put on a new plane the issues raised in 1964 at the first session of the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development when Raul Prebisch, the UNCTAD secretary general, had called in his opening speech for a new international order.

Since 1974 a number of conferences and discussions have been held about how to implement the new order. In 1975, in the wake of a memorable speech read by then U.N. Ambassador Daniel Patrick Moynihan that reflected a more conciliatory posture by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, the U.N. Seventh Special Session passed a revised declaration.
Of Sanity and Judgment
Authors: Mouw Richard J.
Published: September 2018

My comments focus primarily on Harvey Cox's criticisms of the Hartford document, since his comments touch on the major areas in which the document has been criticized. One area has to do wim aesthetic concerns in relation to the style and tone of the affirmation. Cox is especially blunt on these matters, using such words as “flaccid,” “dull,” “bland,” “cliched,” and “provincial.” There is little to say in response to such charges. Professor John Wisdom once suggested mat all philosophical theses are either true and trivial or false and illuminating; perhaps some simitar principle operates in meology.
Lu Hsun's “Call to Arms”
Authors: Bartlett Robert M.
Published: September 2018

When Party Chairman Hu Yao-bang chose the centennial of China's famous author Lu Hsun (1881-1936) to launch a condemnation of the “bourgeois liberalism” among China's contemporary writers, he acted within an established tradition of the Communist party to claim Lu Hsun as its own. In 1939, three years after Lu Hsun's death, Mao Tse-tung issued a statement praising “Lu Hsun the Communist, the giant of China's cultural Revolution,” ignoring the fact that the writer never joined the Party and never accepted the precepts of Marx and Lenin.

Born Chou Shu-jen, Lu Hsun received a classical education, revealing an early affinity for books and art. He entered the Kiangnan Naval Academy and shortly thereafter transferred to the Army Academy, both in Nanking. Here he was introduced to translations of Western literature, notably the works of Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley.
The Present Danger
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: September 2018

The recent growth of concern over the danger of nuclear war has been dramatic and impressive. It is also eminently realistic. Any sane and rational person who considers the scale and character of contemporary military power, the current vast expansion of the military arsenals of the superpowers, and the proliferation of armaments throughout the world would surely have to conclude that the likelihood of a global catastrophe is not small.

One might argue, in fact, that it is a miracle that the catastrophe has not yet occurred. According to a Brookings Institutions study by Barry M. Blechman and Stephen S. Kaplan, from November, 1946, to October, 1973, there were nineteen incidents in which U.S. strategic nuclear forces were involved (we do hot have the record since, nor the record for the USSR and other powers). That means, to put it plainly, that every U.S. president regarded the use of nuclear weapons as a live policy option. The examples are instructive.
Communications & Collective Security
Authors: Jackson Henry M.
Published: September 2018

When NATO came into being in 1949, not a few believed that before long it would succumb to threats from without. They thought the fledgling organization would prove unequal to the task of keeping Soviet power from spilling over the boundaries of the Alliance. But they were wrong.

Still others believed that NATO would succumb to problems from within. They doubted that Alliance members would be willing to subordinate their own narrowed interests to the interests of the community as a whole. But they too were wrong.

Only a handful of the collective security organizations in history have matched NATO's record of longevity. At the age of thirty-four the Alliance is not just alive—it is flourishing.
The U.S. and South Korea: Surmounting the Crisis
Authors: Barnds William J.
Published: September 2018

Few if any of America's relationships with its allies are likely to present the Carter administration with more complex and difficult dilemmas than does South Korea. During his drive for the presidency Jimmy Carter was critical of the Republic of Korea (ROK) for its suppression of human rights and said he would remove the U.S. ground troops there over the next several years. (The 42,000 U.S. forces in Korea include about 7,000 air force personnel and a few hundred sailors. About half of the 35,000 ground forces are in combat units, and the others provide logistical support.)
NATO After Tito
Authors: Walsh L. Thomas
Published: September 2018

While the eyes of the West rivet upon Soviet expansionism in Southwest Asia, another drama moves to center stage in the Balkans.

There is considerable wishful thinking, particularly in Western Europe, about the Soviets' inability to engage their forces in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, maintain their defenses against China, and still cause difficulty in Eastern Europe after the death of Yugoslavia's president, Josip Tito. This is the same kind of rationalization that for two decades lulled the West into letting its defenses erode to a scandalous level.
A Perverse Patriotism
Authors: Falk Richard
Published: September 2018

A representative comment by Henry Kissinger on the Vietnam experience captures the essence of what he means by moral judgment in The White House Years:

A people must not lose faith in itself; those who wallow in the imperfections of their society or turn them into an excuse for a nihilistic orgy by eroding all social and moral restraints eventually, in their pitiless assault on all beliefs, multiply suffering.
Christian Missionaries and a Jewish Response
Authors: Brickner Balfour
Published: September 2018

Christians have been trying to convert Jews for two thousand years. And for two thousand years Jews have been resisting with notable resiliency. Judaism has lost more Jews to apathy or assimilation than it ever has—or probably ever will—to the blandishments of Christian missionaries. Jews unwilling to affirm the beliefs or practice the rites of Judaism are rarely ripe candidates for the ardent Christian proselytizer. As a matter of fact, these approaches have most often revolted even the most cynical Jew. In modern times proselytism has become a kind of chronic nuisance, having two main effects, both of them negative. It produced a deep-seated anti-Christian attitude within the bosom of the Jewish body, and it facilitated a defensive withdrawal by Jews from the larger “gentile world.” Jews sometimes justify this inwardness with words like “peoplehood.” Non-Jews have as often labeled it “clannishness.”
Review of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler
Authors: Orwell George
Published: September 2018

It is a sign of the speed at which events are moving that Hurst and Blacked's unexpurgated edition of Mein Kampf, published only a year ago, is edited from a pro-Hitler angle. The obvious 'intention of the translator's preface and notes is to tone down the book's ferocity and present Hitler in as kindly a light as possible. For at that date Hitler was still respectable. He had crushed the German labour movement, and for that the property-owning classes were willing to forgive him almost anything. Both Left and Right concurred in the very shallow notion that National Socialism was merely a version of Conservatism.

Then suddenly it turned out that Hitler was not respectable after all. As one result of this, Hurst and Blackett's edition was reissued in a new jacket explaining that all profits would be devoted to the Red Cross. Nevertheless, simply on the internal evidence of Mein Kampf, it is difficult to believe that any real change has taken place in Hitler's aims and opinions. When one compares his utterances of a year or so agoVith those made fifteen years earlier, a thing that strikes one is the rigidity of his mind, the way in which his world-view doesn't develop.
Policy Alternatives in Southern Africa
Authors: McHenry Donald F.
Published: September 2018

I would like to indicate some of the things that we have been trying to accomplish in the U.N. and some problems we see on the horizon.

Historically U.S. policy toward Southern Africa has been developed in a multilateral context, and that is appropriate. With the exception of the Republic of South Africa, all southern African territories became a responsibility of the international community under Article 73, Chapter 11 of the U.N. Charter. The exceptions to this multilateral approach for U.S. policy were Angola and Mozambique, where relations with Portugal and NATO tended to determine policy.

I cite the multilateral background to show that we have changed our views of Southern Africa as we have changed our attitudes toward Africa in the U.N. Early in the history of the U.N., the U.S. was an enthusiastic backer of decolonialization. We even risked difficulties with our World War II allies, France and the United Kingdom.
Faisal's Legacy
Authors: Bird Kai
Published: September 2018

Grandfather was seventy-one years old when he met King Faisal. Saudi Arabia was the first foreign land he ever lived in. It happened that when grandad came to visit us in Saudi Arabia eleven years ago, Faisal had just ousted his senile brother from the throne. Grandfather managed to have himself invited to a diplomatic function honoring the new king—and there he shook the Arab monarch's hand. A world apart, no two men could have been more different, yet in some basic manner both were bred in the old, less mechanized world. Both men, the crusty and pious desert king and the retired Oregon lumberjack, had fought a harsh and unyielding land, and both carried the visible scars of their hard lives.