bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algebraic Varieties and Automorphic Functions
Authors: Eterović Sebastian , Zhao Roy
Published: February 2025

Let $(G, X)$ be a Shimura datum, let $\Omega $ be a connected component of $X$, let $\Gamma $ be a congruence subgroup of $G(\mathbb{Q})^{+}$, and consider the quotient map $q: \Omega \to S:=\Gamma \backslash \Omega $. Consider the Harish-Chandra embedding $\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}^{N}$, where $N=\dim X$. We prove two results that give geometric conditions that, if satisfied by an algebraic variety $V \subset \mathbb{C}^{N} \times S$, ensure that there is a Zariski dense subset of $V$ of points of the form $(x,q(x))$.
Crane fly (Diptera: Tipuloidea) systematics: past, present, and future
Authors: Petersen Matthew , Gelhaus Jon , Oosterbroek Pjotr , Podėnas Sigitas , Podėnienė Virginija , Ribeiro Guilherme , Santos Daubian , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2025

Superfamily Tipuloidea, commonly known as true crane flies, represents a taxonomically and ecologically diverse group within Diptera. Species in this clade are easily recognized by their characteristic long-legged appearance and are widespread across terrestrial and aquatic habitats. This review synthesizes the current state of Tipuloidea systematics, providing an overview of key contributions from the past that have shaped our present understanding. We review the paleontological evidence available for this group and summarize phylogenetic studies that have explored evolutionary relationships across different taxonomic levels. Although significant progress has occurred in documenting global crane fly diversity, opportunities remain to associate conspecific life stages, undertake revisionary taxonomy, and stabilize the classification system through expanded taxon sampling and the use of new genetic markers and mitochondrial genomes in future phylogenetic analyses. Finally, we highlight priority areas for future research to enhance our understanding of Tipuloidea evolution and classification.
The four pillars of endohepatology
Authors: Diehl David L
Published: February 2025

Over the past several years, there has been increasing interaction between Hepatology and Endoscopy, mainly facilitated by EUS-guided modalities. There are 4 main areas that have led to the emergence of what has been called “Endohepatology”. The first is EUS-guided parenchymal liver biopsy (EUS-LB). An optimal technique EUS-LB has been developed using a 19G EUS fine needle biopsy needle with “wet suction.” There are several advantages to EUS-LB. Another component of Endohepatology is the ability to directly measuring portal pressure gradient (PPG) under EUS guidance. A 25G needle can be inserted directly into branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein to measure PPG. Although this technique requires a sedated endoscopic procedure, it is technically easier and better tolerated than the traditional transjugular approach and is very safe. Newer techniques of endoscopic management of gastric varices using EUS-guided injection of glues and coils is another driver of Endohepatology. EUS-guided glue injection is safer than direct endoscopic injection, and the use of coils decreases the incidence of glue embolization. The fourth pillar is expanded use of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GB) with lumen apposing metal stents. This is beginning to revolutionize management of gallbladder disease in cirrhotic patients who are poor candidates for cholecystectomy. Endohepatology will grow as these 4 main applications become more widespread and Hepatologists become more comfortable with the role of Endohepatology in patient management.
What is first-line and what is second-line therapy in adult patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease?
Authors: Panaccione Remo
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, necessitates a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to the individual’s specific disease characteristics and overall health. Treatment strategies aim to induce and maintain remission, alleviate symptoms, normalize biomarkers, improve the endoscopic appearance of the intestine, and improve quality of life. Key therapeutic options include pharmacotherapy, featuring corticosteroids, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and more recently Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) which target different mechanisms of inflammation. Additionally, surgical interventions may be required for complications or when medical therapy fails. The recent introduction of novel therapies, such as the interleukin-23 (IL-23) anti-p19 inhibitor risankizumab and the selective JAKi upadacitinib, raises pertinent questions regarding the optimal sequencing of advanced therapeutic options. This review evaluates current data to address these questions and reflects the author’s perspectives based on a presentation at the 27th Annual University of Manitoba Key Topics in Gastroenterology 2024.
A practical approach to positioning therapies in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yanofsky Russell , Rubin David T
Published: February 2025

The therapeutic landscape of ulcerative colitis (UC) has undergone significant change over the last 2 decades. While there are multiple new therapies for the management of UC, long-term remission rates remain low, and this may be in part due to the difficulty of navigating a successful treatment strategy. In this review, we propose a rational framework for treatment selection, sequencing, and optimization in patients with UC. We outline treatment goals and targets for UC, followed by a discussion of the challenges in treatment selection and considerations to help guide a sequencing strategy. These include an assessment of a therapy’s efficacy and safety, the convenience in the delivery of the therapy, ease of access, and patient-related factors. We then provide an overview of the currently approved therapies for UC, with an in-depth analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude with future directions in the management of UC, which include the use of naturopathic therapies, faecal microbiota therapy, the use of precision medicine, and other strategies such as combination therapy.
The role of virtual reality in managing inflammatory bowel disease: a novel approach to bridging mental and physical health
Authors: Anand Rajsavi , George Alvin T , Rubin David T , Spiegel Brennan M R , Bernstein Charles N
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, which may persist even when inflammation is controlled. These symptoms are further exacerbated by psychological stress, which may complicate disease management that involves the gut–brain axis—a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. While stress, anxiety, and depression are prevalent among patients with IBD, access to comprehensive mental health care is often limited, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool in managing psychological comorbidities and enhancing the overall care of patients with IBD.

The integration of VR in IBD care offers a novel, accessible approach to addressing both physical and mental health challenges, potentially improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes for IBD patients. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term benefits and broader applicability of VR-based interventions in diverse patient populations.
Colon, colorectal and all cancer incidence increase in the Young due to appendix reclassification
Authors: Bleyer Archie , Ries Lynn A G , Cameron Danielle B , Mansfield Sara A , Siegel Stuart E , Barr Ronald D
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Increases in colon and colorectal cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been reported progressively. Most of the increase may be due to an artifact caused by reclassifying appendiceal carcinoids/neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as malignant.

Methods

Age-adjusted incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) SEER22 database.

Results

In AYAs during 2000-2020, appendix cancer had an average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence increase that in males was 3.7 times greater than the next most increasing cancer (AAPC12.8,95%CI: 10.9-14.6 vs AAPC3.4 [kidney] , 95%CI : 2.7-3.5) and correspondingly in females 2.9-fold greater (AAPC14.6,95%CI : 11.9-17.3 vs AAPC4.2 [pancreas], 95%CI : 3.6-4.8). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, appendix cancer incidence increased 17-,6.5-and 2.5-fold in children 0-14, AYAs 15-39, and adults 40-49 years of age, respectively. Carcinoid/NET accounted for 95%, 90% and 80% of appendix cancer increase in the three age groups, respectively. In 3,446 AYAs diagnosed during 2010-2020 with ‘malignant’ appendix NET, the 6-year cancer specific survival was 99.4% (95%CI , 99.0%to99.6%). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, colon carcinoma incidence in AYAs increased 61% with the appendix included, and only 11% with the appendix excluded.

Conclusions

Reclassification of appendix NET/carcinoids as malignant has artifactually increased the incidence of colon, colorectum, and all cancer in children and AYAs. Appendix NET/carcinoids are rarely fatal in < 40 year-olds and should not be considered as cancer and included in colorectal cancer analyses. To the extent that the appendix artifact occurs in 40-49 year-olds, recommendations for starting colorectal cancer screening earlier may be affected.\
A survey of triploid block inconsistency: potential mechanisms and evolutionary implications on polyploid speciation
Authors: Salony Susnata , Clo Josselin , Kolář Filip , Lafon Placette Clément
Published: February 2025

The triploid block, primarily caused by endosperm developmental issues, is known as a significant barrier to interploidy hybridization among flowering plants and thereby, polyploid speciation. However, its strength varies across taxa, with some instances of leakiness, questioning its universal role as a barrier. We conducted a literature survey to explore the causes of the variation in the strength of triploid block across 11 angiosperm families. We particularly assessed the impact of interploidy cross direction, types of endosperm development, endosperm persistence at seed maturity, and divergence between cytotypes using a Bayesian meta-analysis. We found a significant influence of the type of endosperm in shaping variation in triploid block strength. Other factors tested had no impact on triploid seed viability, likely due to limited data and inconsistencies in estimation methods across the literature. In addition, triploid seed viability in experimental crosses was sometimes correlated to the occurrence of triploid hybrids in nature, sometimes not, suggesting a mixed role of the triploid block in shaping interspecies gene flow. Altogether, our study highlights the need for unified approaches in future studies on the triploid block to advance our understanding of its variation and evolutionary implications.
Water-saving GC-MC model captures temporally differential enzymatic and transporter activities during C3-CAM transition
Authors: Sarkar Devlina , Kundu Sudip
Published: February 2025

Gradual reduction of transpirational water loss captures differential metabolic enzyme and transporter activities in guard and mesophyll cells during the C3-to-Crassulacean acid metabolism transition.
The effect of legislation on perceived disability discrimination: a heterogeneous difference-in-differences analyses
Authors: Gugushvili Alexi , Grue Jan
Published: February 2025

Equalizing opportunities and outcomes between individuals with and without disabilities is a stated goal for most governments in Western welfare democracies. Yet, significant disability-based inequalities remain in many domains of life. One of the causes of this gap is the widespread discrimination of individuals with disabilities. Over the last two decades, most European countries have introduced anti-discrimination legislation to reduce disability-based discrimination. This study examines the impact of anti-discrimination legislation on perceived disability discrimination across 28 European societies using data from the European Social Survey and newly compiled information on disability-related laws. Using a heterogenous difference-in-differences approach, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2020, focusing on adults aged 25 to 64 who report disabilities. We find no evidence that anti-discrimination legislative changes reduced perceived disability discrimination in the analyzed countries. There is some supporting evidence, though, that the adoption of an anti-discrimination legal framework, in the long run, was linked with higher perceived disability discrimination among males. We conclude that across Europe, and in keeping with the persistence of disability-based inequalities, legislative efforts have so far been ineffective in combating disability discrimination as perceived by people with disabilities.
The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times
Authors: Cho Yoonyoung , Molina Teresa
Published: February 2025

Using panel data from the Philippines around the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper compares depression rates among beneficiaries of an existing social protection program (a conditional cash transfer program known as the 4Ps) to non-beneficiaries of similar socioeconomic status. Depression rates were low and almost identical for the two groups in late 2019. They increased dramatically for both groups but were significantly lower for 4Ps beneficiaries by July 2020, after the initiation of strict quarantine measures and the distribution of large emergency cash transfers to both groups. The findings suggest that the 4Ps program mattered more for mental health during the crisis, for two possible reasons. First, regular cash support might become more valuable in times of economic hardship and uncertainty. Second, the existing program infrastructure can improve the effectiveness of a government’s crisis response—in this case, by allowing for more timely distribution of emergency cash to those already part of the social protection system.
Complete Genome Sequence Resources for Pseudomonas syringae Strains 508 and TLP2
Authors: Lorv Janet S. H. , McConkey Brendan J.
Published: February 2025

Some naturally occurring isolates of the ubiquitous phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae have been reported to be non-pathogenic despite sharing common pathology-associated genetic features. Here, we present the complete genome of two putatively non-phytopathogenic Pseudomonas strains, Pseudomonas syringae strain 508 and Pseudomonas syringae TLP2, which are members of Phylogroup 2c within the Pseudomonas syringae species complex. Comparison with the closely related reference strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a reveals at least two major structural rearrangements that are likely involved in bacteria-bacteria or bacteria-host interactions. One key rearrangement is the relocation of the pathogenicity island encoding the atypical variant of the type III secretion system (T3SS) to a location more than 270 kbps downstream, decoupling the genomic island from many genes in both the canonical conserved and exchangeable effector loci. This change coincides with a reduction of effector genes within the T3SS pathogenicity island and more generally a reduction of effector genes in the genomes of both non-phytopathogenic strains. Identification of regions of genetic mobility and novel targets using complete positional data will aid in the study of the genetic associations with phenotypic variability in phytopathology in Pseudomonas syringae strains.
Cubital tunnel syndrome in the presence of ulnar nerve instability: a review of current treatment options
Authors: Dombrowski Nicholas , Lowe Nick , Gartner Austin
Published: February 2025

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a common ulnar nerve entrapment of the elbow that can be caused by a variety of stresses and inflammatory conditions. Ulnar nerve instability (UNI) is a loosely defined term to describe ulnar nerve hypermobility at the elbow that has a widely varied symptom profile. CuTS and UNI can occur individually or comorbidly, and the causality of their relationship is unclear. The purpose of this review is to examine literature on treatment options for CuTS in the presence of UNI. Hand surgeons have accepted initial surgical treatment to be anterior transposition, but recent literature suggests that a combination of endoscopic decompression and traditional, or partial medial epicondylectomy may be efficacious for some patients. Until large scale studies are performed comparing the approaches, surgeons must take into account how they were trained, the patient’s presentation, and the patient’s goals when determining what approach to utilize.
Thorn in the flesh: Pantoea agglomerans as a rare cause of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis
Authors: McDonald Casey D. , Fitch Benjamin L. , Prabhakar Gautham , Sager Brian W. , Hand Elizabeth O. , Hand Thomas L.
Published: February 2025

Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) is a deep infection of the hand which typically presents after trauma such as penetrating injury, or laceration to the volar surface of the hand. Although skin flora such as Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for the vast majority of cases, more uncommon presentations with gram negative rods are also reported. Pantoea agglomerans is a rare gram-negative bacteria which has never been described as an etiology for FTS in the past. This study provides the case of a 29-year-old male who presented to our emergency department with FTS caused by P. agglomerans, as well as a review of relevant literature surrounding the management of Pantoea infections. This case report summarizes possible antibiotic management which was effective in other orthopedic and non-orthopedic patients, as well as highlighting clinical features of Pantoea subspecies. This report highlights the importance of considering environmental agents such as Pantoea spp. as etiological agents of infection with trauma sustained from plant material.
The effect of spinal cord morphology on intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Fowler Hayley , Jones Richard , Van Nortwick Sara S. , Dow Matthew A. , Barfield William R. , Mooney James F. , Murphy Robert F.
Published: February 2025

Background:

A spinal cord morphology classification has linked intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts in adults undergoing spine deformity correction with spinal cord type. The purpose of this study was to apply the same classification to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing spinal fusion and investigate the association of alerts to cord type.

Methods:

AIS patients with pre-operative MRIs of the neural axis from 2019-2022 who underwent spinal fusion were included. T2-weighted axial MRI images at the deformity’s apex were used to classify spinal cord morphology into 3 types as described by Sielatycki et al. Cord type was associated with preoperative demographic and radiographic findings and the occurrence of IONM alerts during surgery.

Results:

Eighty-three patients qualified for inclusion. There were 32 (39%) Type 1, 45 (54%) Type 2, and 6 (7%) Type 3 cords. Patients with Type 3 cords demonstrated a significantly larger mean Cobb angle (P=0.004), coronal DAR (P=0.002), and larger preoperative kyphosis (P=0.033).

There were 14/83 patients (17%) with IONM alerts: 3/32 (9%) in Type 1, 7/45 (16%) in Type 2, and 4/6 (67%) in Type 3. The odds of an IONM alert were 19.33x greater with a Type 3 cord versus a Type 1 cord (P=0.003). Males were at greater risk of IOMN alerts (P=0.042).

Conclusions:

In a cohort of exclusively AIS patients, a Type 2 cord was the most common (54%). Type 3 cords demonstrated significantly larger coronal and sagittal plane radiographic deformities and demonstrated a 19.33x higher odds ratio of an IONM alert than Type 1.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III
Atypical Mpox Cutaneous Presentation After Full Vaccination
Authors: Schreidah Celine M. , Jenkins Blair A. , Trager Megan H. , Husain Sameera , Coromilas Alexandra J. , Dastidar Joyeeta G. , Miko Benjamin A. , Zucker Jason , Gallitano Stephanie M.
Published: February 2025

In 2022–2023 mpox outbreak led to declaration of a public health emergency. Smallpox vaccination has led to increased immunity and a decrease in clinical disease. The role of vaccination in immunosuppressed patients is not well understood. We present an atypical case of cutaneous mpox, presenting in a fully vaccinated, immunosuppressed, HIV-negative patient as an initial isolated, subcutaneous neck mass. We review the diagnostic dilemma and workup for these atypical cases.
Clinical Effects of a Parasynbiotic Combining 1-Kestose and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM8 on Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Kawano Koji , Iyori Keita , Fujii Tadashi , Kuramitsu Kento , Ueyama Akira , Amatsuji Hazumu , Hsiao Yun-Hsia , Asahina Takayuki , Kondo Nobuhiro , Ohno Eisaburo , Funasaka Kohei , Hirooka Yoshiki , Tochio Takumi
Published: February 2025

Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching and dermatitis. While the relationship between the gut microbiota and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been highlighted, exploring gut-targeted therapies for FASS remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a parasynbiotic containing 1-kestose and heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum FM8 on clinical symptoms and gut microbiota in cats with FASS. Eleven FASS cats were treated with a parasynbiotic containing 1-kestose (400 mg/day) and heat-killed FM8 (2.0 × 1010 CFU/day) for 8 weeks. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD), investigator pruritus score (IPS), and rating of global assessment of improvement (GAI). Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing, with 16 healthy cats serving as controls. Parasynbiotic intervention significantly reduced SCORFAD and IPS scores. GAI scores improved in 10 of 11 cats, with the most severe case maintaining a score of 3. The β-diversity analysis showed no significant differences; however, a trend toward variation was observed between the healthy control cats and the baseline group of FASS cats, as well as between the healthy control cats and post- intervention groups. The abundance of Collinsella stercoris was significantly higher in FASS cats than in healthy controls, and it significantly decreased after parasynbiotic intervention, suggesting potential improvements in gut health and inflammation. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential benefits of parasynbiotic administration in FASS, showing improvements in clinical symptoms and partial modulation of the gut microbiota. These findings highlight parasynbiotic administration as a compelling therapeutic approach for FASS, offering new possibilities for innovative interventions aimed at the gut–skin axis.
The contributions of host population size and maternal transmission rate to fluctuatingWolbachiafrequencies
Authors: Graham Jason M. , Klobusicky Joseph , Hague Michael T.J.
Published: February 2025

Animals form diverse relationships with microorganisms. Many insects host maternally transmitted endosymbionts such asWolbachiathat alter host fitness and reproduction. Roughly half of all insect species carryWolbachia, but population frequencies of the endosymbiont can fluctuate across time and geography for reasons that are poorly understood. For instance, the frequencies of facultativewMelWolbachiain hostDrosophila melanogaster, as well as related "wMel-like" strains inD. yakuba-clade hosts, fluctuate over timescales as short as a month at a given location. Recent work suggests thatWolbachiafrequencies may fluctuate under certain conditions due to temperature effects that disrupt maternal transmission. We simulated temporalWolbachiadynamics to test whether fluctuating frequencies can be explained solely by the stochasticity of a finite host population or, alternatively, due to perturbations of the maternal transmission rate over time. We implemented a discrete generation model in the newly developed R packagewlbcmodelerto evaluate how host population size, maternal transmission rates, andWolbachiaeffects on host fitness (fecundity) and reproduction (cytoplasmic incompatibility; CI) contribute toWolbachiafluctuations over time. Broadly, we find that strains likewMel that do not cause strong CI tend to generate larger stochastic fluctuations over time, as compared toWolbachialikewRi inD. simulansthat cause strong CI. Within a biologically plausible set of parameter values, we find that the maternal transmission rate has the strongest effect on the variance and mean of temporalWolbachiafrequencies, relative to host fitness effects and CI. Large frequency fluctuations can arise under certain specific conditions due to either stochastic or deterministic dynamics, for example, due to a decline in the maternal transmission rate of all hosts or a subpopulation of "low transmitters." While these simulated dynamics may help explain empirical examples ofwMel-likeWolbachiafluctuations over years-long periods, other factors (e.g., insect demography) likely contribute to fluctuations observed over short month-long periods.
Premerger observation and characterization of massive black hole binaries
Authors: Cabourn Davies Gareth , Harry Ian , Williams Michael J. , Bandopadhyay Diganta , Barack Leor , Bayle Jean-Baptiste , Hoy Charlie , Klein Antoine , Middleton Hannah , Moore Christopher J. , Nuttall Laura , Pratten Geraint , Vecchio Alberto , Woan Graham
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate an end-to-end technique for observing and characterizing massive black hole binary signals before they merge with the LISA space-based gravitational-wave observatory. Our method uses a zero-latency whitening filter, originally designed for rapidly observing compact binary mergers in ground-based observatories, to be able to observe signals with no additional latency due to filter length. We show that with minimal computational cost, we are able to reliably observe signals as early as 14 days premerger as long as the signal has accrued a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 8 in the LISA data. We also demonstrate that this method can be used to characterize the source properties, providing early estimates of the source’s merger time, chirp mass, and sky localization. Early observation and characterization of massive black holes is crucial to enable the possibility of rapid multimessenger observations, and to ensure that LISA can enter a protected operating period when the merger signal arrives.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Defining the root-
TT¯
operator
Authors: Hadasz Leszek , von Unge Rikard
Published: February 2025

We give a tentative definition of the recently introduced root-TT¯ operator in a generic, two-dimensional quantum conformal field theory with a continuous spectrum of scaling weights. The definition assumes certain factorization properties and uses Schwinger parametrization to introduce the square root. Properties of the operator thus defined are investigated by explicit computation of variations of two- and three-point correlation functions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Determining local distribution of convective heat transfer coefficients on the tool during orthogonal cutting
Authors: Wilker Julius , Göttlich Tim , Helmig Thorsten , Solana Gómez Rafael , Askarizadeh Hossein , Kneer Reinhold
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Particularly during machining, large heat sources and thus high temperature gradients and mechanical stress occur in the cutting zone. By using cutting fluids, part of the heat generated can be dissipated, thereby reducing local temperatures. To quantify the cooling efficiency of the cutting fluid, the flow behaviour of the cutting fluid in vicinity of the cutting zone must be determined to derive the resulting convective heat transfer coefficients at the tool. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient as a function of the flow boundary conditions, specifically evaluating the effects of Reynolds number, injection angle and nozzle radius.

Design/methodology/approach

The geometries, temperature fields as well as the heat sources resulting during the machining process are extracted from a chip formation simulation using finite element method (FEM) and used to set up a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation.

Findings

On the tool rake face, the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient can be divided into three regions. Firstly, the region where the liquid impinging jet initially strikes, then a region near the chip where the flow is strongly deflected and then the remaining region in the boundary layer region. For each region, a function is derived that describes its position, subsequently the mean convective heat transfer coefficient is determined and summarised in a Nusselt correlation as a function of the flow parameters.

Research limitations/implications

Simulation results reveal that the distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face can be divided into three distinct regions: the impingement zone where the impinging jet first strikes, the deflection zone near the chip where the flow sharply redirects and the boundary layer zone covering the remaining surface. A geometric function is derived to describe the position and extent of each of these areas. In addition, the mean convective heat transfer coefficient can be determined for each of the regions using a Nusselt correlation based on the flow parameters.

Practical implications

These correlations allow for simplified determination of the local convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool.

Originality/value

This paper introduces an innovative approach for estimating the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient at the tool rake face during orthogonal cutting under cutting fluid supply. The influence of the three-dimensional flow field of the cutting fluid jet of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face is analysed in detail in the vicinity of the chip as a function of varying Reynolds numbers, nozzle radii and injection angles within a three-dimensional geometry.
The impact of financial stress on consumer confidence: evidence from survey data
Authors: Rooj Debasis , Sengupta Reshmi , Banerjee Anurag
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper explores the impact of financial stress (FS) on consumer confidence (CC) using survey data.

Design/methodology/approach

We use novel household-level survey data on CC by the Reserve Bank of India. FS data come from the financial stress index (FSI) released by the Tracking Asian Integration of Asian Development Bank. The sample period is 2015–2023. We align the lagged monthly values of FSI with the household-level data to uncover the impact of FS on household confidence in the economy.

Findings

Rising FS leads to increased pessimism among households regarding the state of the economy. Educated and well-off households are more sensitive to FS. Moreover, FS significantly impacts confidence regarding households’ own consumption basket and economic scenarios. A disaggregated analysis reveals that FS related to foreign exchange and debt spread causes greater pessimism among households than in the equity market and banking sector. Additionally, the impacts of FS are asymmetric, with above-average FS lowering household attitudes, while below-average FS increases optimism about the economy’s outlook.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of FS on household CC using household-level data for an emerging economy such as India. Micro-level data allow us to explore the impact of FS on household perceptions of current economic situations and future outlooks. We also uncover the impact of FS on households’ confidence in their own economic outcomes.
Digital leadership and adaptive capacity of family firms: intervening roles of sensing capability and organizational agility
Authors: Razzak Mohammad Rezaur , Al Kharusi Sami , Umrani Waheed Ali , Al Riyami Said
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The goal of this research is to examine the influence of digital leadership (DL) on adaptive capacity (ADC) of small- and medium-sized family businesses (SMFBs). Moreover, the study investigates the mediating influence of the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities represented by sensing capability (SC) and organizational agility (OA), both parallelly and sequentially.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) and supporting empirical evidence, a conceptual framework is developed along with a set of hypotheses. Using survey data collected from 263 SMFBs in Oman, the hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling through partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The analysis reveals that DL positively influences ADC, SC and OA. Additionally, SC and OA both parallelly mediate the link between DL and ADC. Finally, both SC and OA act as sequential mediators in the relationship between DL and ADC among SMFBs.

Practical implications

For practitioners, the study reveals critical role of DL in strengthening SMFBs. Family business leaders may consider the evidence and invest in leadership development programs to enhance digital competencies, enabling better SC and agility. Policymakers can offer training programs and resources, helping family businesses to build DL and dynamic capabilities essential for thriving in a competitive and evolving business environment.

Originality/value

This study makes four key contributions. First, this study expands the literature at the crossroads of the family business, digitalization, dynamic capabilities and resilience, to investigate the influence of DL on ADC. Second, the role of SC as a mediator in the above relationship, tested in the current study, seems to be overlooked in the empirical literature. Third, the findings demonstrate the mediating role of OA in relationship between DL and ADC. Finally, this appears to be the first study that presents sequential mediating role of SC and OA between DL and ADC, adding a finer-grained understanding of how influence of DL is transmitted to ADC.
Oral language as a foundation for meaningful classroom literacy learning
Authors: Halcrow Katherine
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper describes oral language as a multi-faceted and unconstrained phenomenon, including its social purpose in societies and the implications of this for education. It provides a critique of the concepts of oral language which have come to dominate literacy and language education policy across the Organisation of Economic Collaboration and Development (OECD) in Anglophone countries like Australia. This paper synthesises the interdisciplinary evidence regarding the nature of oral language from the broad field of “language sciences” and explains the implications of this for literacy education. The paper includes recommendations for educational research, school leaders and policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach

A synthesis of interdisciplinary evidence from across the “language sciences” is outlined, drawing on Aristotle’s notion of sound with meaning. The evidence highlights the emphasis given to “sound” and “meaning” within various perspectives and shows that meaning is essential to oral language and provides a lens with which to evaluate educational policy and practice.

Findings

Findings from a synthesis of evidence across the language sciences and research on school-based practice suggest a number of implications for policy and practice in linguistically diverse settings. Firstly, phonological awareness through musical and drama processes can be applied in the early years of oral language development. Secondly, that oral language is a complementary communicative tool rather than an isolated practice. Finally, that oral language for the classroom may better reflect language’s social purpose to coordinate around meaning.

Originality/value

This paper is an important clarifier at a time when the place of oral language has become constrained within particular educational models in the Anglosphere. This paper highlights that oral language is a basis for learning to read and write throughout the schooling years, but also in life in the ongoing generative work that language allows and demands.
Effect of pH variation on physicochemical and morphological properties of Micellar Casein Concentrate and its utilisation for nanoencapsulation of curcumin
Authors: Hooda Ankita , Mann Bimlesh , Sharma Rajan , Tripathi Abhishek Dutt , Agarwal Aparna
Published: February 2025

Casein (CN) is naturally a nanocarrier designed to deliver calcium and phosphate and hence has vast potential to be utilised for delivery of bio actives and therapeutics efficiently. The pH variation studies of MCC indicated that micelles open up at alkaline pH, exposing buried hydrophobic areas. Nanocapsules so designed had encapsulation efficiency of 95.80 ± 0.14% for curcumin. The in vitro digestions model showed a 98.12 ± 1.49% release of curcumin after 120 min of intestinal phase and only 6.12 ± 0.24% at end of gastric phase from nanocapsules. This indicates increased bioavailability of curcumin, without getting degraded. Global demand for functional food is increasing, and nanoencapsulation using native CN micelles could help in achieving differentiation and enhancing value of foods.
Low‐pressure cold plasma pretreatment: Impact on quality attributes of “Fan Retief” guava and efficacy against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Mlambo Bafana , Kutu Funso R. , Belay Zinash A. , Mphahlele Rebogile R. , Suinyuy Terence , Mokwena Lucky , Caleb Oluwafemi James
Published: February 2025

This work investigated the impact of low‐pressure cold plasma (CP) as a pretreatment with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic trays or open corrugated cardboard (OCC) boxes on the overall quality of “Fan Retief” guava fruits stored for 28 days at 13°C. Untreated samples placed in PET and OCC served as control. Guava fruits followed typical climacteric responses, but CP‐treated samples significantly slowed down respiration (RRCO2) and ethylene production rate during storage (p ≤ 0.05). On day 28, CP‐treated samples retained the highest titratable acidity and total phenolics compared to untreated samples (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, CP pretreatment better maintained the relative abundance of characteristic volatile compounds for guava fruits during storage, effectively delayed decay incidence, and inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vivo compared to control.

Practical Application

This study demonstrated low‐pressure cold plasma as a potential alternative phytosanitary tool for the postharvest handling of guava fruit.
Perioperative Treatment in EGFR‐Mutant Early‐Stage Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Guo Xiaobei , Liu Xiaoyan , Guo Chao , Miao Qian , Cheng Xinghua , Hong Xuan , Li Hongru , Qiu Xiaoming , Xiang Yi , Zheng Di , Zhou Jian , Jiang Liyan , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao
Published: February 2025

Adjuvant osimertinib administered over a 3‐year period in patients diagnosed with stage IB–IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has not only shown improvement in event‐free survival but also demonstrated a prolonged overall survival (OS), leading to its approval as a standard treatment in this context. Meanwhile, no targeted studies have been conducted on the efficacy of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in these patients. Although studies such as IMPOWER‐010 and KEYNOTE‐091 have included a small number of patients with positive driver genes, no definitive conclusions regarding the OS benefit have been established. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy is not currently recommended because of insufficient evidence, characterized by a low depth of pathological response and no reported improvement in survival outcomes. The same is true for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with EGFR mutations. Although numerous issues such as refining patient population selection, determining appropriate combination therapy regimens, establishing primary endpoints, assessing the influence of perioperative complications, and accurately evaluating the clinical application of circulating tumor DNA in various scenarios exist, several promising ongoing trials, including ADAURA2 and NEOADURA, are expected to provide valuable insights that will help address these questions. Here, we summarize the available evidence and clinical issues that need to be considered to optimize clinical decision‐making for patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC.
METTL3/IGF2BP2 Promotes the Malignant Progression of Esophageal Cancer by Activating the PIK3CA/AKT Pathway
Authors: Guo Xinmeng , Huang Anqi , Qi Ya'nan , Chen Jiaqi , Yang Meng , Jin Mulan
Published: February 2025

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), a key enzyme involved in m6A methylation, has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including EC. However, its potential mechanism of action in EC progression remains unclear. METTL3 expression was found to be upregulated in EC tissues and cells. Knockdown of METTL3 suppressed EC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, while promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, METTL3 maintained PIK3CA mRNA expression and stability in an m6A‐dependent and IGF2BP2‐dependent manner, respectively. METTL3 silencing inactivated the AKT pathway by regulating PIK3CA expression. Furthermore, overexpression of PIK3CA mitigated the effects of METTL3 silencing on the malignant growth of KYSE180 and TE1 cells in vivo and in vitro. METTL3/IGF2BP2 promoted the malignant progression of EC by activating the PIK3CA/AKT pathway. Targeting the METTL3‐PIK3CA axis may offer a novel therapeutic approach for EC treatment.
A new genus and two new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) feeding on Guinea grass Megathyrsus maximus (Poaceae) in Africa
Authors: Kolesik Peter , Sutton Guy F. , van Steenderen Clarke J. M. , Martins Dino J. , Plowes Rob , Paterson Iain D.
Published: February 2025

Two new species of gall midges are described whose larvae feed on the small morphotype of Guinea grass Megathyrsus maximus in Africa. Arabukodiplosis basalis Kolesik, gen. et sp. nov. causes galls at the base of plant's crown in Kenya and Arabukodiplosis vesicaria Kolesik, gen. et sp. nov. causes blister galls on the stems in South Africa and Kenya. Description of the morphology and the sequence of a fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene of the insects are provided. A new genus is erected to contain the two new species. Arabukodiplosis Kolesik, gen. nov. belongs to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi and its closest relative is Mitodiplosis Kieffer, 1914, an African genus containing a single species that induces stem thickening galls on pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa. Like Mitodiplosis, Arabukodiplosis Kolesik, gen. nov. cannot be satisfactorily accommodated in any of the currently recognised tribes. The crown of the plant, where A. basalis Kolesik, gen. et sp. nov. forms galls, is where new tillers and shoots originate, so the galls develop where stems would usually form. Stems infested by A. vesicaria Kolesik, gen. et sp. nov. continue to develop above the galls, but the gall is expected to act as a resource sink, reducing the fitness of the host plant. Both species are possible candidates for biological control of M. maximus, which is a serious invasive alien pest outside of its native distribution.
Perioperative Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiac Assistance in Thoracic Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Agosta Viviana Teresa , D’Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Bottussi Alice , Bugo Samuele , Monaco Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with pre‐existing severe cardiovascular comorbidities are often deemed ineligible for potentially life‐saving thoracic surgeries and are referred to other conservative therapies. However, this patient population may theoretically benefit from the timely perioperative implantation of temporary mechanical circulation support (tMCS) to both mitigate the surgical stress and stabilize hemodynamics. We performed a scoping review to summarize the evidence regarding the use of tMCS in thoracic surgery.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from their inception, aided by a search string encompassing a combination of terms for the key research concepts: i) tMCS devices; ii) thoracic surgery procedures (except lung transplantation); and iii) the adult population.

Results

Fifteen studies pertinent to the research question, which summarized data from 28 patients, were retrieved for inclusion. In 14 patients, tMCS implantation occurred as a “pre‐emptive” strategy, while the remaining patients had tMCS implanted either intra and/or postoperatively as a “bail‐out” strategy. Specifically, 14 patients required an intra‐aortic balloon pump, 10 veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, two required a multidevice strategy, and one cardiopulmonary bypass. The relative risk analysis revealed that the mortality rate in the pre‐emptive group was half that of the bail‐out group. Additionally, the risk of both infectious and vascular complications was lower in the pre‐emptive group compared to the bail‐out tMCS strategy.

Conclusion

We found that the timely implantation of tMCS in thoracic surgery—either to mitigate patients' heightened cardiovascular risk or as a rescue strategy in the event of life‐threatening surgical complications—may lead to better patient outcomes, as well as allowing them to undergo curative surgery with an acceptable safety profile, characterized by overall good survival rates and a low incidence of device‐related complications.
Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy in a Male Colon Cancer Patient With Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformation Using Preoperative Interventional Radiology: A Case Report
Authors: Inaguma Gaku , Otsuka Koki , Masumori Koji , Hiro Junichiro , Kumamoto Tsutomu , Kamishima Megumu , Kobayashi Yosuke , Chong Yongchol , Omura Yusuke , Taniguchi Hiroko , Tsujimura Kazuki , Chikaishi Yuko , Tsurumachi Ayako , Akamatsu Hokuto , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi
Published: February 2025

Pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare vascular condition with diverse clinical manifestations. Treatment‐related decision‐making is difficult for concurrent AVMs and colon cancer. Interventional radiology is effective for colon cancer patients with pelvic AVM. Herein, a 77‐year‐old man presented with fatigue. Computed tomography revealed thickening of the sigmoid colon wall without lymph node swelling or distant metastasis, confirming irregularly dilated pelvic blood vessels. Preoperative transcatheter embolization of the AVM was initially performed. Then, laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was performed without complications following confirmation of AVM shrinkage via computed tomography. The patient was discharged without complications. Thus, preoperative pelvic AVM embolization in patients with sigmoid colon cancer may facilitate safe minimally invasive surgery.