bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Template-Free Fabrication of Refractive Index Tunable Polysiloxane Coating Using Homogeneous Embedding Strategy: Application in High-Power Laser System
Authors: Deng Xue-Ran , Lei Xiang-Yang , Yang Wei , Hui Hao-Hao , Wang Tian-Yu , Chen Jin-Ju , Zhu Ji-Liang , Zhang Qing-Hua
Published: February 2020

A refractive index (RI) tunable polysiloxane coating was fabricated based on the cross-linked network structure embedded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), in which the MSNs were utilized to modulate the RI as well as to support the interior structure of the polysiloxane coating. The Si–O–Si inorganic backbone structure in combination with characteristics from the photopolymerization of active bonds produced the main cross-linked network structure, and controllable embedding of MSNs constructed the network-sphere structure. This approach eliminated the high-temperature post-treatment that was needed to remove the template, which ensures the safe application for temperature-sensitive laser crystal substrates and avoids coating structure collapse. In addition, degradation of the resulting coating can be minimized due to the similar chemical formation between MSN and polysiloxane coating. Hereby, a polysiloxane coating with expected spectral and laser damage-resistant properties can be obtained. This will facilitate the fabrication and application of a laser component with both high-transmission and high-flux capability for a high-power laser system.
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Prospects and Applications in Medicine
Authors: Ziental Daniel , Czarczynska-Goslinska Beata , Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Glowacka-Sobotta Arleta , Stanisz Beata , Goslinski Tomasz , Sobotta Lukasz
Published: February 2020

Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), including titanium dioxide NPs, among polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming more and more important due to their potential use in novel medical therapies. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide, titania, TiO2) is an inorganic compound that owes its recent rise in scientific interest to photoactivity. After the illumination in aqueous media with UV light, TiO2 produces an array of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability to produce ROS and thus induce cell death has found application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a wide range of maladies, from psoriasis to cancer. Titanium dioxide NPs were studied as photosensitizing agents in the treatment of malignant tumors as well as in photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Both TiO2 NPs themselves, as well as their composites and combinations with other molecules or biomolecules, can be successfully used as photosensitizers in PDT. Moreover, various organic compounds can be grafted on TiO2 nanoparticles, leading to hybrid materials. These nanostructures can reveal increased light absorption, allowing their further use in targeted therapy in medicine. In order to improve efficient anticancer and antimicrobial therapies, many approaches utilizing titanium dioxide were tested. Results of selected studies presenting the scope of potential uses are discussed in this review.
The Effects of Early Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation, and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Later-Life Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Abbink Maralinde R. , Schipper Lidewij , Naninck Eva F.G. , de Vos Cato M.H. , Meier Romy , van der Beek Eline M. , Lucassen Paul J. , Korosi Aniko
Published: February 2020

Early life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop metabolic and brain disorders in adulthood. Breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) is associated with improved metabolic and neurocognitive health outcomes, and the physical properties of the dietary lipids may contribute to this. Here, we tested whether early life exposure to dietary lipids mimicking some physical characteristics of breastmilk (i.e., large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Concept Nuturis® infant milk formula (N-IMF)), could protect against ES-induced metabolic and brain abnormalities under standard circumstances, and in response to prolonged Western-style diet (WSD) in adulthood. ES was induced by exposing mice to limited nesting material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. From P16 to P42, male offspring were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF, followed by either standard rodent diet (SD) or WSD until P230. We then assessed body composition development, fat mass, metabolic hormones, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and neurogenesis (proliferation and survival). Prolonged WSD resulted in an obesogenic phenotype at P230, which was not modulated by previous ES or N-IMF exposure. Nevertheless, ES and N-IMF modulated the effect of WSD on neurogenesis at P230, without affecting cognitive function, highlighting programming effects of the early life environment on the hippocampal response to later life challenges at a structural level.
Duality of Tocopherol Isoforms and Novel Associations with Vitamins Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism: Results from an Elderly Sample of the LifeLines Cohort Study
Authors: Sotomayor Camilo G. , Minović Isidor , Eggersdorfer Manfred L. , Riphagen Ineke J. , de Borst Martin H. , Dekker Louise H. , Nolte Ilja M. , Frank Jan , van Zon Sander K.R. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , van der Molen Jan C. , Vos Michel J. , Kootstra-Ros Jenny E. , Rodrigo Ramón , Kema Ido P. , Navis Gerjan J. , Bakker Stephan J.L.
Published: February 2020

Whether the affinity of serum vitamin E with total lipids hampers the appropriate assessment of its association with age-related risk factors has not been investigated in epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare linear regression-derived coefficients of the association of non-indexed and total lipids-indexed vitamin E isoforms with clinical and laboratory characteristics pertaining to the lipid, metabolic syndrome, and one-carbon metabolism biological domains. We studied 1429 elderly subjects (non-vitamin supplement users, 60–75 years old, with low and high socioeconomic status) from the population-based LifeLines Cohort and Biobank Study. We found that the associations of tocopherol isoforms with lipids were inverted in total lipids-indexed analyses, which may be indicative of overcorrection. Irrespective of the methods of standardization, we consistently found positive associations of α-tocopherol with vitamins of the one-carbon metabolism pathway and inverse associations with characteristics related to glucose metabolism. The associations of γ-tocopherol were often opposite to those of α-tocopherol. These data suggest that tocopherol isoforms and one-carbon metabolism are related, with beneficial and adverse associations for α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, respectively. Whether tocopherol isoforms, or their interplay, truly affect the one-carbon metabolism pathway remains to be further studied.
Bioactive Factors in Human Breast Milk Attenuate Intestinal Inflammation during Early Life
Authors: Thai Julie D. , Gregory Katherine E.
Published: February 2020

Human breast milk is well known as the ideal source of nutrition during early life, ensuring optimal growth during infancy and early childhood. Breast milk is also the source of many unique and dynamic bioactive components that play a key role in the development of the immune system. These bioactive components include essential microbes, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. These factors all interact with intestinal commensal bacteria and/or immune cells, playing a critical role in establishment of the intestinal microbiome and ultimately influencing intestinal inflammation and gut health during early life. Exposure to breast milk has been associated with a decreased incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating disease characterized by overwhelming intestinal inflammation and high morbidity among preterm infants. For this reason, breast milk is considered a protective factor against NEC and aberrant intestinal inflammation common in preterm infants. In this review, we will describe the key microbial, immunological, and metabolic components of breast milk that have been shown to play a role in the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation and/or NEC prevention.
Use of SAR and Optical Time Series for Tropical Forest Disturbance Mapping
Authors: Hirschmugl Manuela , Deutscher Janik , Sobe Carina , Bouvet Alexandre , Mermoz Stéphane , Schardt Mathias
Published: February 2020

Frequent cloud cover and fast regrowth often hamper topical forest disturbance monitoring with optical data. This study aims at overcoming these limitations by combining dense time series of optical (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) and SAR data (Sentinel-1) for forest disturbance mapping at test sites in Peru and Gabon. We compare the accuracies of the individual disturbance maps from optical and SAR time series with the accuracies of the combined map. We further evaluate the detection accuracies by disturbance patch size and by an area-based sampling approach. The results show that the individual optical and SAR based forest disturbance detections are highly complementary, and their combination improves all accuracy measures. The overall accuracies increase by about 3% in both areas, producer accuracies of the disturbed forest class increase by up to 25% in Peru when compared to only using one sensor type. The assessment by disturbance patch size shows that the amount of detections of very small disturbances (< 0.2 ha) can almost be doubled by using both data sets: for Gabon 30% as compared to 15.7–17.5%, for Peru 80% as compared to 48.6–65.7%.
Infrasound Observations of Atmospheric Disturbances Due to a Sequence of Explosive Eruptions at Mt. Shinmoedake in Japan on March 2018
Authors: Batubara Mario , Yamamoto Masa-yuki
Published: February 2020

Thirty infrasound sensors have been operated over Japan since 2015. We developed the irregular array data processing in order to detect and estimate the parameters of the arrival source waves by using infrasound data related to the sequence of the volcanic eruption at Mt. Shinmoedake in March 2018. We found that the apparent velocity at the ground was equal to the acoustic velocity at particular reflection levels. The results were confirmed through a comparison of the findings of the apparent velocity with a wave propagation simulation on the basis of the azimuth, infrasound time arrivals, and the state of the atmospheric background using global atmospheric models. In addition, simple ideas for estimating horizontal wind speeds at certain atmospheric altitudes based on infrasound observation data and their validation and comparison were presented. The calculated upper wind speed and wind observed by radiosonde measurements were found to have a qualitative agreement. Propagation modeling for these events estimated celerities in the propagation direction to the sensors that were consistent with the tropospheric and stratospheric ducting. This study could inspire writers, in particular, and readers, in general, to take advantage of the benefits of infrasound wave remote-sensing for the study of the Earth’s atmospheric dynamics.
A Fast Deep Perception Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification
Authors: Dong Ruchan , Xu Dazhuan , Jiao Lichen , Zhao Jin , An Jungang
Published: February 2020

Current scene classification for high-resolution remote sensing images usually uses deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to extract extensive features and adopts support vector machine (SVM) as classifier. DCNN can well exploit deep features but ignore valuable shallow features like texture and directional information; and SVM can hardly train a large amount of samples in an efficient way. This paper proposes a fast deep perception network (FDPResnet) that integrates DCNN and Broad Learning System (BLS), a novel effective learning system, to extract both deep and shallow features and encapsulates a designed DPModel to fuse the two kinds of features. FDPResnet first extracts the shallow and the deep scene features of a remote sensing image through a pre-trained model on residual neural network-101 (Resnet101). Then, it inputs the two kinds of features into a designed deep perception module (DPModel) to obtain a new set of feature vectors that can describe both higher-level semantic and lower-level space information of the image. The DPModel is the key module responsible for dimension reduction and feature fusion. Finally, the obtained new feature vector is input into BLS for training and classification, and we can obtain a satisfactory classification result. A series of experiments are conducted on the challenging NWPU-RESISC45 remote sensing image dataset, and the results demonstrate that our approach outperforms some popular state-of-the-art deep learning methods, and present high-accurate scene classification within a shorter running time.
An Atmospheric Correction Method over Bright and Stable Surfaces for Moderate to High Spatial-Resolution Optical Remotely Sensed Imagery
Authors: Zhong Bo , Wu Shanlong , Yang Aixia , Ao Kai , Wu Jinhua , Wu Junjun , Gong Xueshuang , Wang Haibo , Liu Qinhuo
Published: February 2020

Although many attempts have been made, it has remained a challenge to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from moderate to high spatial-resolution (MHSR) optical remotely sensed imagery in arid areas with bright surfaces, such as deserts and bare ground. Atmospheric correction for remote-sensing images in these areas has not been good. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm that can effectively estimate the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosols and retrieve surface reflectance from moderate to high spatial-resolution imagery in arid areas with bright surfaces. Land surface in arid areas is usually bright and stable and the variation of atmosphere in these areas is also very small; consequently, the land-surface characteristics, specifically the bidirectional reflectance distribution factor (BRDF), can be retrieved easily and accurately using time series of satellite images with relatively lower spatial resolution like the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with 500 m resolution and the retrieved BRDF is then used to retrieve the AOD from MHSR images. This algorithm has three advantages: (i) it is well suited to arid areas with bright surfaces; (ii) it is very efficient because of employed lower resolution BRDF; and (iii) it is completely automatic. The derived AODs from the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on board Sentinel-2, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Gao Fen 1 Wide Field Viewer (GF-1/WFV), Gao Fen 6 Wide Field Viewer (GF-6/WFV), and Huan Jing 1 CCD (HJ-1/CCD) data are validated using ground measurements from 4 stations of the AErosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) around the world.
Embodiment Is Related to Better Performance on a Brain–Computer Interface in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study
Authors: Juliano Julia M. , Spicer Ryan P. , Vourvopoulos Athanasios , Lefebvre Stephanie , Jann Kay , Ard Tyler , Santarnecchi Emiliano , Krum David M. , Liew Sook-Lei
Published: February 2020

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) for motor rehabilitation aim to “close the loop” between attempted motor commands and sensory feedback by providing supplemental information when individuals successfully achieve specific brain patterns. Existing EEG-based BCIs use various displays to provide feedback, ranging from displays considered more immersive (e.g., head-mounted display virtual reality (HMD-VR)) to displays considered less immersive (e.g., computer screens). However, it is not clear whether more immersive displays improve neurofeedback performance and whether there are individual performance differences in HMD-VR versus screen-based neurofeedback. In this pilot study, we compared neurofeedback performance in HMD-VR versus a computer screen in 12 healthy individuals and examined whether individual differences on two measures (i.e., presence, embodiment) were related to neurofeedback performance in either environment. We found that, while participants’ performance on the BCI was similar between display conditions, the participants’ reported levels of embodiment were significantly different. Specifically, participants experienced higher levels of embodiment in HMD-VR compared to a computer screen. We further found that reported levels of embodiment positively correlated with neurofeedback performance only in HMD-VR. Overall, these preliminary results suggest that embodiment may relate to better performance on EEG-based BCIs and that HMD-VR may increase embodiment compared to computer screens.
Indoor NLOS Positioning System Based on Enhanced CSI Feature with Intrusion Adaptability
Authors: Han Ke , Shi Lingjie , Deng Zhongliang , Fu Xiao , Liu Yun
Published: February 2020

With the wide deployment of commercial WiFi devices, the fine-grained channel state information (CSI) has received widespread attention with broad application domain including indoor localization and intrusion detection. From the perspective of practicality, dynamic intrusion may be confused under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and the continuous operation of passive positioning system will bring much unnecessary computation. In this paper, we propose an enhanced CSI-based indoor positioning system with pre-intrusion detection suitable for NLOS scenarios (C-InP). It mainly consists of two modules: intrusion detection and positioning estimation. The introduction of detection module is a prerequisite for positioning module. In order to improve the discrimination of features under NLOS conditions, we propose a modified calibration method for phase transformation while the amplitude outliers are filtered by the variance distribution with the median sequence. In addition, binary and improved multiple support vector classification (SVC) models are established to realize NLOS intrusion detection and high-discrimination fingerprint localization, respectively. Comprehensive experimental verification is carried out in typical indoor scenarios. Experimental results show that C-InP outperforms the existing system in NLOS environments, where the mean distance error (MDE) reached 0.49 m in the integrated room and 0.81 m in the complex garage, respectively.
Detecting Respiratory Pathologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Variational Autoencoders for Unbalancing Data
Authors: García-Ordás María Teresa , Benítez-Andrades José Alberto , García-Rodríguez Isaías , Benavides Carmen , Alaiz-Moretón Héctor
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper was the detection of pathologies through respiratory sounds. The ICBHI (International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics) Benchmark was used. This dataset is composed of 920 sounds of which 810 are of chronic diseases, 75 of non-chronic diseases and only 35 of healthy individuals. As more than 88% of the samples of the dataset are from the same class (Chronic), the use of a Variational Convolutional Autoencoder was proposed to generate new labeled data and other well known oversampling techniques after determining that the dataset classes are unbalanced. Once the preprocessing step was carried out, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to classify the respiratory sounds into healthy, chronic, and non-chronic disease. In addition, we carried out a more challenging classification trying to distinguish between the different types of pathologies or healthy: URTI, COPD, Bronchiectasis, Pneumonia, and Bronchiolitis. We achieved results up to 0.993 F-Score in the three-label classification and 0.990 F-Score in the more challenging six-class classification.
Efficiency Loss and Intensification Potential of Urban Industrial Land Use in Three Major Urban Agglomerations in China
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Shen Xiaoqiang , Pei Tao
Published: February 2020

In recent decades, efficiency and intensification have emerged as hot topics within urban industrial land use (UILU) studies in China. However, the measurement and analysis of UILU efficiency and intensification are not accurate and in-depth enough. The study of UILU efficiency loss and intensification potential and their relationship is still lacking, and the application of parametric methods with clearer causal mechanisms is insufficient. This paper argued that the intensification potential of UILU could be defined as the amount of saved land or output growth resulting from reduced efficiency loss of UILU. Accordingly, we constructed quantitative models for measuring and evaluating the intensification potential of UILU, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method to calculate efficiency loss in three major urban agglomerations (38 cities) in China. Our results revealed a large scale and an expanding trend in the efficiency loss and intensification potential of UILU in three major urban agglomerations in China. From 2003 to 2016, the annual efficiency loss of UILU was 31.56%, the annual land-saving potential was 979.98 km2, and the annual output growth potential was 8775.23 billion Yuan (referring to the constant price for 2003). It is, therefore, imperative to formulate and implement better policies and measures to promote further intensification and to reduce inefficiency, especially in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas and prioritizing a few key cities, such as Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Shanghai.
On How Technology-Powered Storytelling Can Contribute to Cultural Heritage Sustainability across Multiple Venues—Evidence from the CrossCult H2020 Project
Authors: Kontiza Kalliopi , Antoniou Angeliki , Daif Abdullah , Reboreda-Morillo Susana , Bassani Maddalena , González-Soutelo Silvia , Lykourentzou Ioanna , Jones Catherine Emma , Padfield Joseph , López-Nores Martín
Published: February 2020

Sustainability in Cultural Heritage (CH) is a complex question that needs to be addressed by a group of experts tackling the different issues. In this light, the present work wishes to provide a multi-level analysis of the sustainability in CH, using as an example a recent European H2020 project (CrossCult) and the lessons learnt from its design, implementation and evaluation. The sustainability of CH has qualitatively changed over the last few years, under the developments in digital technology that seems to affect the very nature of the cultural experience. We discuss sustainability in venues using digital technologies, covering a span of needs of small/unknown and large/popular venues, which try to enhance the visitor experience, attract visitors, form venue networks, etc. Moreover, we explore issues of sustainability of digital content and its re usability through holistic design. Aspects of technology, human networks and data sustainability are also presented, and we conclude with the arguments concerning the sustainability of visitor reflection, the interpretation of social and historical phenomena and the creation of meaning.
Fine-Scale Distribution Patterns of Phragmites australis Populations Across an Environmental Gradient in the Salt Marsh Wetland of Dunhuang, China
Authors: Jiao Liang , Li Fang , Liu Xuerui , Wang Shengjie , Zhou Yi
Published: February 2020

The spatial distribution pattern of plants often reflects their ecological adaptation strategy and is formed by their long-term interaction with environmental factors. In this paper, the clonal plant, Phragmites australis, was investigated across environmental gradients, including the wet zone, the transitional zone and the desert zone of the salt marsh wetland of Dunhuang, China. The characteristics and influencing factors of their fine-scale spatial distribution patterns were studied by point pattern analysis, redundancy analysis and simple linear regression. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution pattern of Phragmites australis changes from aggregation to non-aggregation (random and regular distribution) from the wet zone to the desert zone. (2) The soil water content, pH and salinity all affect Phragmites australis’ spatial distribution intensity. Simple linear regression reveals that the water content in each soil layer, the pH of the deep soil layer and the salinity of the surface and deep soil layers are the main soil conditions of Phragmites australis’ spatial distribution pattern. (3) Phragmites australis’ population characteristics and clonal characteristics also have significant effects on its spatial distribution intensity. Specifically, the intensity of its spatial distribution pattern is significantly positively correlated with its cover, frequency, density, height, biomass, node number, ramet number and stem diameter (p < 0.01), while it is significantly negatively correlated with its rhizome internode length, spacer length and branch angle (p < 0.01). This research clarified the relationship between the spatial distribution pattern of Phragmites australis with soil environmental factors, plant clonal characteristics and population characteristics. The results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the ecological adaptation mechanism of clonal plants and protecting the sustainability of fragile and sensitive inland river wetland ecosystems.
Establishing a Sustainable Sports Tourism Evaluation Framework with a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model to Explore Potential Sports Tourism Attractions in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Jen-Jen , Lo Huai-Wei , Chao Chen-Shen , Shen Chih-Chien , Yang Chin-Cheng
Published: February 2020

In recent years, the awareness of sustainable tourism has risen around the world. Many tourism industries combine sports to attract more customers to facilitate the development of the economy and the promotion of local culture. However, it is an important task to establish a comprehensive tourism evaluation framework for sustainable sports tourism. This study proposes a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model to discuss the above issues, using the Bayesian Best Worst Method (Bayesian BWM) to integrate multiple experts’ judgments to generate the group optimal criteria weights. Next, the modified Visekriterijumska Optimizacija i Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) technique is combined with the concept of aspiration level to determine the performance of sports attractions and their priority ranks. In addition, this study adds a perspective of institutional sustainability to emphasize the importance of government support and local marketing. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model is demonstrated through potential sports tourism attractions in Taiwan. A sensitivity analysis and models comparison were also performed in this study. The results show that the proposed model is feasible for practical applications and that it effectively provides some management implications to support decision-makers in formulating improvement strategies.
Decide Madrid: A Critical Analysis of an Award-Winning e-Participation Initiative
Authors: Royo Sonia , Pina Vicente , Garcia-Rayado Jaime
Published: February 2020

This paper analyzes the award-winning e-participation initiative of the city council of Madrid, Decide Madrid, to identify the critical success factors and the main barriers that are conditioning its performance. An exploratory case study is used as a research technique, including desk research and semi-structured interviews. The analysis distinguishes contextual, organizational and individual level factors; it considers whether the factors or barriers are more related to the information and communication technology (ICT) component, public sector context or democratic participation; it also differentiates among the different stages of the development of the initiative. Results show that individual and organizational factors related to the public sector context and democratic participation are the most relevant success factors. The high expectations of citizens explain the high levels of participation in the initial stages of Decide Madrid. However, the lack of transparency and poor functioning of some of its participatory activities (organizational factors related to the ICT and democratic dimensions) are negatively affecting its performance. The software created for this platform, Consul, has been adopted or it is in the process of being implemented in more than 100 institutions in 33 countries. Therefore, the findings of this research can potentially be useful to improve the performance and sustainability of e-participation platforms worldwide.
Comparison of HPLC Pigment Analysis and Microscopy in Phytoplankton Assessment in the Seomjin River Estuary, Korea
Authors: Lee Minji , Won Nam-Il , Baek Seung Ho
Published: February 2020

The distribution of microalgal species in estuaries shows marked gradients because of the mixing of marine and fresh water during tidal exchanges. To assess the spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton in the Seomjin River estuary (SRE), Korea, we investigated the seasonal phytoplankton communities along a salinity gradient in the estuary using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis and light microscopy. Both types of analysis indicated that marine planktonic diatoms generally dominated at downstream sites having salinities >10, whereas freshwater species dominated at upstream sites having salinities <5. High levels of the pigments fucoxanthin and alloxanthin were found at upstream sites in the SRE in late spring. During summer, relatively high levels of the pigment peridinin were present in downstream areas of the SRE, and relatively high levels of diatoms occurred in upstream areas. In autumn, small Cryptomonas species were found in high abundance based on microscopic analysis, while CHEMTAX analysis of photosynthetic pigments showed relatively high concentrations of the diatom pigment fucoxanthin, implying the co-occurrence of a small unidentified phytoplankton. During winter, when the estuarine waters were well mixed, both the microscopic and CHEMTAX analyses showed that diatoms dominated at most stations. Seasonal and horizontal gradients in environmental conditions were clearly influenced by the salinity and nutrient loadings, especially the nitrate+nitrite and silicate concentrations. In particular, the ratio of photoprotective carotenoid pigments (PPCs) to photosynthetic carotenoid pigments (PSCs) was relatively low during all four seasons. This was predominately because of the high productivity of diatoms, which have a very low ratio of PPCs to PPSs. The SRE is a favorable habitat for diatoms because it is a high turbulence area having rapid water movement as a result of tidal changes. Overall, there was consistency in the data derived from the microscopy and chemotaxonomy analyses, suggesting that both methods are useful for analysis of the phytoplankton community structure in this complex estuarine and coastal water ecosystem.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: An Emerging Ancient Zoonosis?
Authors: Deviatkin Andrei A. , Kholodilov Ivan S. , Vakulenko Yulia A. , Karganova Galina G. , Lukashev Alexander N.
Published: February 2020

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most important viral zoonosis transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. In this study, all tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) E gene sequences available in GenBank as of June 2019 with known date of isolation (n = 551) were analyzed. Simulation studies showed that a sample bias could significantly affect earlier studies, because small TBEV datasets (n = 50) produced non-overlapping intervals for evolutionary rate estimates. An apparent lack of a temporal signal in TBEV, in general, was found, precluding molecular clock analysis of all TBEV subtypes in one dataset. Within all subtypes and most of the smaller groups in these subtypes, there was evidence of many medium- and long-distance virus transfers. These multiple random events may play a key role in the virus spreading. For some groups, virus diversity within one territory was similar to diversity over the whole geographic range. This is best exemplified by the virus diversity observed in Switzerland or Czech Republic. These two countries yielded most of the known European subtype Eu3 subgroup sequences, and the diversity of viruses found within each of these small countries is comparable to that of the whole Eu3 subgroup, which is prevalent all over Central and Eastern Europe. Most of the deep tree nodes within all three established TBEV subtypes dated less than 300 years back. This could be explained by the recent emergence of most of the known TBEV diversity. Results of bioinformatics analysis presented here, together with multiple field findings, suggest that TBEV may be regarded as an emerging disease.
The Cajal Body in Plant-Virus Interactions
Authors: Ding Yi , Lozano-Durán Rosa
Published: February 2020

Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear membraneless bodies composed of proteins and RNA. Although it is known that CBs play a role in RNA metabolism and the formation of functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles, the whole breadth of CB functions is far from being fully elucidated. In this short review, we will summarize and discuss the growing body of evidence pointing to an involvement of this subnuclear compartment in plant-virus interactions.
Influenza Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against Structurally Distinct Domains of H3N2 HA
Authors: Portnoff Alyse D. , Patel Nita , Massare Michael J. , Zhou Haixia , Tian Jing-Hui , Zhou Bin , Shinde Vivek , Glenn Gregory M. , Smith Gale
Published: February 2020

Influenza vaccine effectiveness varies annually due to the fast evolving seasonal influenza A(H3N2) strain and egg-derived mutations—both of which can cause a mismatch between the vaccine and circulating strains. To address these limitations, we have developed a hemagglutinin (HA)-based protein-detergent nanoparticle influenza vaccine (NIV) with a saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant. In a phase 1 clinical trial of older adults, the vaccine demonstrated broadly cross-reactive A(H3N2) HA antibody responses. Two broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies derived from NIV-immunized mice were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), antibody competition assays, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, and protein–protein docking. These antibodies recognize two conserved regions of the head domain, namely the receptor binding site and the vestigial esterase subdomain, thus demonstrating the potential for an HA subunit vaccine to elicit antibodies targeting structurally and antigenically distinct but conserved sites. Antibody competition studies with sera from the phase 1 trial in older adults confirmed that humans also make antibodies to these two head domains and against the highly conserved stem domain. This data supports the potential of an adjuvanted recombinant HA nanoparticle vaccine to induce broadly protective immunity and improved vaccine efficacy.
Editorial
Authors: Almeida Leila Azevedo de
Published: February 2020

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Headache and Bruxing Behavior Types in Craniomandibular Disorders (Cmds) Patients
Authors: Molina Omar Franklin , Peixoto Marcus Geraldo , Eid Nayene Leocádia Manzutti , Aquilino Raphael Navarro , Rank Rise Consolação Iuata Costa
Published: February 2020

Objective. Assess headache and bruxism in Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs) and non CMDs patients. Method. Clinical examination, questionnaires, headache criteria, severity of bruxism. Results. The prevalence of headache was 68.3% in the CMDs group and 51.4% in the non-CMDs group (p<0.04).Tension type (TTH)=52.8% and combination headaches=25.2% predominated in CMDs. Migraine was more prevalent in Non-CMDs (21.1%) than in CMDs subjects (11.4%). Severe bruxism predominated in the headache/CMDs group=35% as compared to the non-headache/ CMDs group=21%, (p=0.08). We found a frequency of 29.3% extreme bruxism in the headache group and 7% in the non-headache group (p><0.0005). The frequencies of mild/moderate bruxism were about 28% in the TTH, 44.8% in the “other headaches” and 72% in the non-headache/CMDs groups. The frequencies of severe/extreme bruxism were 72.3% in the TTH, 55.2% in the “Other headaches”, and 28% in the non- headache/CMDs groups(p=0.0001). Conclusion. Headache, TTH and combination headache were common in the CMDs group. Severe and extreme bruxism were more prevalent in the headache /CMDs group than in the “other headaches” and in the non/headache CMDs groups. Severe and extreme bruxism were more frequent in the TTH/CMDs group.>
Adaptação Transcultural e Validação da Escala de Impacto de Esclerose Múltipla
Authors: Lopes Josiane , Kaimen Maciel Damacio Ramón , Matsuo Tiemi
Published: February 2020

Introdução. A maioria dos instrumentos que avaliam a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de indivíduos com Esclerose Múltipla (EM) apresenta falhas psicométricas. A escala “Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS29)” é o instrumento mais adequado para avaliar o impacto da EM na saúde com abordagem funcional da QV. Objetivo. Realizar a adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento MSIS-29 para a língua portuguesa (Brasil). Método. O MSIS-29 foi traduzido para o português, retrovertido para o inglês e analisadas as versões com aplicação em dois grupos de 15 indivíduos com EM até obtenção da versão final (MSIS-29-BR). A escala de Determinação Funcional da Qualidade de Vida (DEFU) e MSIS-29-BR foram aplicadas em 137 portadores de EM com reteste após 30 dias. Foi determinada a reprodutibilidade, validade (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson), consistência interna (teste Alfa de Cronbach) e a sensibilidade do MSIS-29-BR (teste de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis). Resultados. O MSIS-29-BR apresentou reprodutibilidade com forte correlação (94,7%), consistência interna > 0,90, validade com excelente concordância (0,69 – 0,88) na maioria dos domínios e nível de sensibilidade > 78% para identificar grupos com diferentes limitações. Conclusão. O MSIS-29-BR é um instrumento válido com propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis para mensurar o impacto da EM na saúde de portadores brasileiros.
Antidepressivos no Tratamento de Depressão na Doença de Parkinson
Authors: Chagas Marcos Hortes N. , Crippa José Alexandre S. , Tumas Vitor
Published: February 2020

A depressão é o transtorno psiquiátrico mais frequente na doença de Parkinson (DP), porém seu tratamento ainda é um desafio para clínicos, neurologistas e psiquiatras. Uma breve revisão da literatura foi realizada no Medline utilizando os descritores “depression” e “Parkinson’s disease” com limites definidos para estudos controlados randomizados, sem período de tempo. Oitenta e nove artigos foram encontrados, no entanto apenas três destes estudos apresentavam delineamento duplocego, randomizado, placebo controlado. Estes estudos demostraram resultados controversos e importantes limitações como: amostra pequena (variando de 12 a 52 pacientes) e utilização de baixas doses de antidepressivos. Apesar dos inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina e tricílicos terem sido avaliados na depressão na DP, outras classes de antidepressivos não foram estudadas e devem ser consideradas. Desta forma, mais estudos são necessários e oportunos tanto para a prática clínica como para contribuir para um melhor entendimento da neurobiologia da depressão na DP.
O método Lee Silverman para reabilitação da fala na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Dias Alice Estevo , Chien Hsin Fen , Barbosa Egberto Reis
Published: February 2020

As alterações da fala (disfonia e disartria) frequentemente acompanham a evolução da doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo. Este estudo revisa o Método Lee Silverman, considerado o mais eficiente para a reabilitação das alterações da fala na DP e atualiza os avanços na sua aplicação. Método. Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Pubmed e Bireme dos artigos indexados publicados de 1990 a 2010, com as seguintes palavras-chave: Parkinson’s disease, PD, Lee Silverman Voice Treatment, LSVT, LSVT LOUD, LSVT parkinson, voice treatment and PD, voice therapy and PD, communication and PD, dysarthria and PD, dysphonia and PD, speech disorders and PD, voice disorders and PD, hypophonia and PD, speech motor system and PD. Resultados. Na literatura, existe ampla descrição dos resultados de estudos do método Lee Silverman na DP. Os artigos encontrados evidenciam melhora da prosódia, articulação, ressonância, respiração, inteligibilidade, intensidade e qualidade da voz, assim como da deglutição e da expressividade facial. Conclusões. Para a reabilitação da fala dispõe-se de eficientes técnicas fonoaudiológicas. Contudo, conforme a literatura científica, o emprego do Método Lee Silverman é opção vantajosa, pois foi desenvolvido especificamente para a DP. Há inúmeras evidências de sua eficácia e vem sendo continuamente avaliado, ampliando sua aplicabilidade.
Evolução natural em uma paciente com Mucopolissacaridose tipo VI
Authors: Pereira Juliana Olavo , Garbeli Maria Gabriela de Aguiar Moreira , Palazzo Vítor Costa
Published: February 2020

Introdução. A mucopolissacaridose tipo VI é causada pela deficiência da n-acetilgalactosamina-4-sulfatase, uma das onze enzimas lisossomais responsáveis pela degradação de glicosaminoglicanos, e estas, ao se acumularem causam dano ao lisossomo, morte celular e disfunção orgânica. Objetivo. Apresentar a evolução natural da deposição dos glicosaminoglicanos em uma paciente sem tratamento prévio e relacionar as dificuldades na conduta e diagnóstico desta rara doença no Brasil. Relato do Caso. Paciente apresentando quadro multissistêmico devido à mucopolissacaridose tipo VI após quatorze anos da doença, sem tratamento ou acompanhamento. Conclusão. O diagnóstico precoce e a terapêutica correta são juntos indispensáveis para uma qualidade de vida a esses pacientes.
Efeitos de um Programa de Fisioterapia em Pacientes com Doença de Parkinson
Authors: Chaves Carolina Marques Carvalho Mitre , Mitre Natália Corradi Drumond , Liberato Fernando Augusto
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Verificar a eficácia de um programa de fisioterapia para portadores de doença de Parkinson (DP). Método. Os participantes, classificados entre 1 e 2,5 na escala de Hoehn & Yard, foram avaliados através das escalas de qualidade de vida: Parkinson disease questionaire (PDQ-39) e Perfil de Saúde de Notthingham (PSN). Os testes funcionais utilizados foram o teste levante e ande, velocidade de 10 metros e o teste desempenho funcional modificado (TDFM). O tratamento durou 6 semanas sendo realizado 3 vezes por semana. Resultados. Foram avaliados 10 indivíduos, 7 homens e 3 mulheres, com idade média de 70 (64-77) anos. Houve melhora significativa no PSN total (p=0,022), PSN reações emocionais (p=0,048), PSN sono (p=0,025), PSN habilidades físicas (p=0,050), teste levante e ande (p=0,005), velocidade de 10 metros (p=0,003) e item subir escada do teste TDFM. Não houve diferença no PDQ-39 e nos demais itens do TDFM. Conclusão. O protocolo de fisioterapia pode melhorar vários aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida e funcionalidade de indivíduos portadores de DP.
Avaliação da independência funcional e da qualidade de vida no pós-operatório de tumor cerebral
Authors: Pieri Juliana Noronha de , Giriko Caroline Háruka , Abranches Márcia Helena dos Santos , Borges Heloise Cazangi , Chamlian Therezinha Rosane
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Verificar os efeitos da fisioterapia na independência funcional e na qualidade de vida em pacientes no pós-operatório de tumor cerebral. Método. Participaram deste estudo 6 indivíduos no pós-operatório de tumor cerebral internados na enfermaria de neurocirurgia do Hospital São Paulo (HSP) no período de julho a dezembro de 2009. Foram mensuradas a independência funcional e a qualidade de vida por meio da Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e da Versão Brasileira do questionário de qualidade de vida (SF-36), respectivamente, logo após a cirurgia e ao término das intervenções fisioterapêuticas, realizadas por 5 dias consecutivos durante 45 minutos. Resultados. Os indivíduos apresentaram uma média de idade de 65±10.43 anos e 50% dos pacientes (n=3) apresentaram comprometimento motor de hemiparesia à esquerda. Ao término das intervenções fisioterapêuticas, observou-se na MIF um aumento de sua pontuação em 66.68% dos pacientes (n=4) variando entre 7 e 34 pontos e no SF-36 uma manutenção de sua pontuação em cerca de 50% (n=3) a 83.35% (n=5) dos pacientes. Conclusão. A maioria dos pacientes em pós-operatório de tumor cerebral apresentou um aumento de sua independência funcional, bem como, uma manutenção de sua qualidade de vida ao término das intervenções fisioterapêuticas.
Influência da Hidroterapia na Gestação
Authors: Alves Débora Almeida Galdino
Published: February 2020

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Childhood poverty and deprivation at the starting gate in France. Examples using Elfe survey
Authors: Castillo Rico Barbara , Leturcq Marion , Panico Lidia
Published: February 2020

Income has been increasingly criticized as an indicator of childhood living conditions, especially at young ages. In this paper, we present a picture of poverty and multi-dimensional deprivation of children in France, around the time of their birth and during the first year of life. To do so, we use both an income poverty measure as well as a multiple deprivation approach, applied to a nationally representative survey of over 18,000 children born in France in 2011 (the Elfe cohort). We examine four dimensions of children's daily lives : material conditions ; parenting ; housing conditions ; and extreme housing conditions. Our results show that income poverty does not always overlap with deprivation : some children live in income-poor households without being deprived in the dimensions we study, and vice versa. Notably, we find only a small overlap between extreme housing deprivation or parental involvement and income poverty. Furthermore, we show that the population groups most at risk of deprivation in early life vary according to the dimension considered, and are distinct from the determinants of income poverty. For example, while single motherhood is the main driver of income poverty, it is not associated with an increased risk of housing deprivation nor with low parental involvement, when other socio-demographic characteristics are controlled for. This approach therefore adds more precision and nuance to our understanding of child poverty at very young ages in France.
Children and well-being from an international perspective
Authors: Molcho Michal
Published: February 2020

This paper examines well-being in childhood in a historical context, and in the context of the family and school and relationships with parents, based on a large cross-sectional survey. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) is an international survey that has collected data every four years since 1984 from children and adolescents in over 40 countries in Europe and North America. The HBSC study aims to gain new insights into, and increase our understanding of, young people's health and well-being, health behaviours and their social context in three critical points in the life of adolescents : 11, 13 and 15 years old. The study collects data on various aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their perceived health and wellbeing, and relationships with their parents. The findings from the HBSC study indicate that the gender gap in well-being and in communication with parents increases with age. If boys and girls report poorer well-being and communication with their parents as they grow older, these decreases are larger among girls than boys.