bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Konseling Gizi terhadap Asupan Karbohidrat Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Alosika Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Surianti Surianti , Demmalewa Jenny Qlifianti , Dhesa Desiderius Bela , Dharmawati Tuti , Abadi Ellyani
Published: December 2024

Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 merupakan salah satu penyakit yang kasusnya semakin meningkat khususnya di Puskesmas Alosik  tahun 2019 sebanyak 2,5%, tahun 2020 menjadi 3,9% dan tahun 2021 sebesar 6,7%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Konseling Gizi Terhadap Asupan Karbohidrat Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Alosika Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif (quasy ekperiment) dengan desain one group pre test adalah seluruh pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Alosika Kabupaten Konawe tahun 2022 periode Januari-Mei sebanyak 42  orang dan sampel sebanyak 36 orang yang terdiri dari 18 kelompok intevensi dan 18 kelompok kontrol. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan recall 2x24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan karbohidrat sebelum diberi konseling gizi pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 178,2 gram dan kelompok kontrol 224,3 gram  dan sesudah diberi konseling gizi pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 113 gram dan kelompok kontrol 214,7 gram. Hasil uji Mann Whitney diperoleh nilai p value 0.000. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap asupan karbohidrat pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Alosika Kabupaten Konawe
Pengaruh Penyuluhan Gizi Terhadap Peningkatan Kebiasaan Membawa Bekal Pada Anak SDN 97 Kendari
Authors: Aisa Wa Ode Siti , Demmalewa Jenny Qlifianti , Ihsan M Habib
Published: December 2024

The habit of bringing lunch to school is an important factor in efforts to fulfill children's nutrition to support the nutritional status of school children. The survey results at the Kendari 97 State Elementary School showed that 56% of children did not bring lunch. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition counseling on increasing the habit of carrying supplies in elementary school children 97 Kendari. This research is a quantitative research (experimental) with a one group pre-test-post-test design. The population is all students in grades V and VI who do not bring supplies at the 97 Kendari State Elementary School in 2022 as many as 43 people and a sample of 43 people obtained by total sampling. The data of this study were obtained by means of observation. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results showed that before being given nutrition counseling (pre test) the average score of the habit of bringing lunch was 0.83. The results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test obtained a p value of 0.000. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of nutrition education on increasing the habit of carrying supplies in elementary school children at 97 Kendari. Suggestions for the Kendari 97 State elementary school to require Kendari 97 State elementary school children to bring supplies every day and routinely conduct nutrition counseling at least once a week and provide rewards to elementary school children who routinely bring supplies and punishment to elementary school children who do not bring supplies.
Uji Organoleptik dan Kandungan Gizi Makro pada Makanan Jajanan Nugget Ikan Cakalang dengan Penambahan Ubi Ungu untuk Anak Sekolah
Authors: Galib Siti Hijra , Dhesa Desiderius Bela , Ihsan M Habib , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti , Demmalewa Jenny Qlifianti , Abadi Ellyani
Published: December 2024

School age is a period that decides the event of good development and improvement. Admission of nutritious food is vital to guarantee the development and advancement of solid and dynamic kids. Along these lines, young kids are designated in further developing local area nourishment to plan quality next ages. This review plans to decide the organoleptic test and macronutrient content of skipjack fish chunk snacks with the expansion of purple yam for younger students in grades V and VI at Primary School 2 South Wawonii. This examination is a semi exploratory quantitative exploration, utilizing a totally randomized concentrate on plan, the review populace is 30 understudies. The examining procedure utilizes all out inspecting and is tried by Univariate. The outcomes showed that the healthful substance of skipjack fish chunks with the expansion of purple sweet potato was 23.47% in Piece R1, while in Chunk R2 it was 26.25%. .. The dietary substance of skipjack fish piece fat with the expansion of purple sweet potato was 12.38% in Chunk R1, while the R2 Chunk was 13.19%. The degree of inclination for smell, variety, surface, skipjack fish pieces with the expansion of purple yam in South Wawonii 2 Public Primary School understudies, the greater part of them preferred R1 chunks
Hubungan Status Gizi dan Jarak Kehamilan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Ruhayati Susila , Setyowati Setyowati , Djannah Nur
Published: December 2024

Abstrak.
Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh ibu hamil. Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia pada ibu hamil diantaranya usia, pendidikan, paritas, jarak kehamilan, umur kehamilan, graviditas dan status  gizi.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta. 
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang pernah melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta tahun 2023 sesuai kriteria inklusi sebanyak 45 orang dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan checklist. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square.
Hasil: Karakteristik ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantrijeron kota Yogyakarta mayoritas umur 20-35 tahun 64,4%, status pendidikan tinggi 91,1%, status pekerjaan tidak bekerja 68,8%, paritas 1 dan 4 anak 68,9%, multigraviditas 62,2% dan usia kehamilan 28-40 minggu 53,3%. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan p 1,00 > 0,05. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil p 0,483 > 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil
 
Absctract
Backgroud: Anemia is a health problem that is often experienced by pregnant women. Many factors are associated with anemia in pregnant women including age, education, income, parity, distance between pregnancies, gestational age, gravidity and nutritional status.
Objective: To knows the relationship between nutritional status and pregnancy distances with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of Mantrijeron Community Health Center, Yogyakarta City.
Methods: The type of research is an observational cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 45 pregnant women who had conducted pregnancy checks at the Mantrijeron Health Center in Yogyakarta City in 2023 using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument uses a checklist. Data analysis used the chi square test..
Results: Characteristics of pregnant women in the working area of Mantrijeron Health Center area of Yogyakarta city, the majority are aged 20-35 years 64,4%, higher education status 91,1%, employment status not working 68,8%, parity of 1 and 4 children 68,9%, multigravidity 62,2% and gestational age 28-40 weeks 53,3%. There was no relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women p 1,000 > 0,05. There was no relationship between the spacing of pregnancies and the incidence of anemia p 0,483 > 0,05.
Conclusion: There was no relationship between nutritional status and pregnancy distance with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women
Hubungan Pola Makan terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Pasien Gout Atritis Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Moramo
Authors: Israwati Israwati , Tahirudin Tahirudin , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti
Published: December 2024

Gout, a condition characterized by increased levels of uric acid, is one of the health problems experienced by the elderly. Gout, also known as gouty arthritis, is a condition in which the body's purine metabolism is disturbed, resulting in the formation of uric acid. crystals in the joint tissue and increased blood uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). There are several things that can affect uric acid levels in the body, such as diet, physical activity, and lifestyle. In the working area of ​​the Moramo Health Center, the aim of this study was to find out how diet and physical activity affect the prevalence of gouty arthritis in the elderly. 57 people participated in this study, which was conducted in July and August 2022 at the Moramo Health Center. as a sampling method. Questionnaires are used as research instruments for data collection methods. The results showed that 38 people (66.7%) ate well and 19 people (33.4%) ate badly, and 33 people (57.9%). d id exercised little and 24 people did a lot of exercise (42.1%). Chi square analysis and statistical tests showed a p value of 0.00.1, indicating a relationship between diet and physical activity and the prevalence of gouty arthritis among the elderly in the work area of ​​the Moramo Health Center. As a result, to reduce the risk of developing gouty arthritis, the elderly need to reduce purine-rich foods and physical activity
Scoping Review: Faktor Penyebab Gizi Kurang Pada Balita
Authors: Ratna Sari Kusuma , Susilowati Endang
Published: December 2024

Negara Indonesia dengan balita yang mengalami gizi kurang sebesar 17,0% .Faktor penyebab gizi kurang pada balita belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada status gizi kurang pada balita. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan  metode scoping review, yaitu dilakukan pengkajian secara menyeluruh pada literatur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa media elektronik seperti Google Scolar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer Link database, terbatas pada publikasi 10 tahun dari tahun 2013 sampai 2023. Digunakan 15 artikel untuk membahas faktor yang berpengaruh pada balita hingga mengalami gizi kurang. Dari hasil dan pembahasan analisis pada 15 artikel dapat disimpulkan faktor yang berpengaruh pada balita yang mengalami gizi kurang adalah faktor ekonomi, yaitu faktor ekonomi, faktor pendidikan, faktor lingkungan, diare, pengetahuan ibu, pola asuh, pola makan balita, pengaruh tingkat kecukupan energi dan protein. Di sarankan orang tua khususnya ibu lebih memperhatikan gizi pada balita.
Analisis Protein dan Fe Serta Daya Terima Stik Ikan Tuna pada Ibu Hamil KEK di Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi
Authors: Fadila Dian , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti , Abadi Ellyani , Ihsan M Habib , Dhesa Desiderius Bela , Demmalewa Jenny Qlifianti
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kandungan protein dan zat besi (Fe) pada stik ikan tuna yang akan diberikan kepada ibu hamil yang mengalami Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) di Kecamatan Wangi-Wandi Selatan, Kabupaten Wakatobi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Uji laboratorium dilakukan untuk menentukan kandungan protein dan Fe dalam stik ikan tuna. Metode Analisis Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (ASS) digunakan untuk mengukur kandungan protein, sementara metode Kjeldahl digunakan untuk menentukan kandungan Fe dalam stik ikan tuna. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan protein rata-rata dalam stik ikan tuna adalah sekitar 0.055 mg/mL, dengan deviasi baku sekitar 0.002 mg/mL. Sementara itu, rata-rata kandungan Fe dalam stik ikan tuna adalah sekitar 18.5 ppm, dengan deviasi baku sekitar 0.9 ppm. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa kandungan protein pada stik ikan tuna cukup tinggi dengan hasil protein sebesar sekitar 0.055 mg/mL sementara kandungan fe pada stik ikan tuna cukup sedikit dimana ini terbilang standar maksimum pengkonsumsian fe pada ibu hamil. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi daya terima stik ikan tuna pada ibu hamil KEK dengan menggunakan metode organoleptik. Penilaian ini melibatkan 41 ibu hamil sebagai responden menggunakan angket penilaian yang dinilai melalui skala hedonic yang mencakup aroma, warna, rasa, dan tekstur stik ikan tuna. Hasil dari penilaian tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa stik ikan tuna cukup disukai oleh ibu hamil KEK, dengan tingkat kepuasan sebesar 70%.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Pola Makan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita DM Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ladianta
Authors: Suharman Hasnidar , Dhesa Desiderius Bela , Ihsan M Habib
Published: December 2024

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan suatu kondisi persisten yang bermanifestasi sebagai gangguan metabolisme, ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah melebihi kisaran standar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel probabilitas, yaitu simple random sampling. Dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ladianta pada bulan Agustus-September 2023, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan Food Frekwensi Questionnaire (FFQ) versi modifikasi, yaitu salah satu jenis kuesioner. Analisis data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji normalitas dan korelasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan individu tentang gizi dengan pola makan, serta kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ladianta. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dengan kadar gula darah pada individu penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Kesimpulan ini didukung oleh koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,187 yang secara statistik tidak signifikan dengan nilai p sebesar 0,269 (> 0,05). Analisis korelasi (r = 0,222, p = 0,180) menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pola atau hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar gula darah dengan penderita diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2.
GATlab: Modeling and Programming with Generalized Algebraic Theories
Authors: Lynch Owen , Brown Kris , Fairbanks James , Patterson Evan
Published: December 2024

Categories and categorical structures are increasingly recognized as useful abstractions for modeling in science and engineering. To uniformly implement category-theoretic mathematical models in software, we introduce GATlab, a domain-specific language for algebraic specification embedded in a technical programming language. GATlab is based on generalized algebraic theories (GATs), a logical system extending algebraic theories with dependent types so as to encompass category theory. Using GATlab, the programmer can specify generalized algebraic theories and their models, including both free models, based on symbolic expressions, and computational models, defined by arbitrary code in the host language. Moreover, the programmer can define maps between theories and use them to declaratively migrate models of one theory to models of another. In short, GATlab aims to provide a unified environment for both computer algebra and software interface design with generalized algebraic theories. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and applications of GATlab.

Comment: 14 pages plus references and appendix. To appear at MFPS 2024
Inferentialist Resource Semantics
Authors: Gheorghiu Alexander V. , Gu Tao , Pym David J.
Published: December 2024

In systems modelling, a 'system' typically comprises located resources relative to which processes execute. One important use of logic in informatics is in modelling such systems for the purpose of reasoning (perhaps automated) about their behaviour and properties. To this end, one requires an interpretation of logical formulae in terms of the resources and states of the system; such an interpretation is called a 'resource semantics' of the logic. This paper shows how inferentialism -- the view that meaning is given in terms of inferential behaviour -- enables a versatile and expressive framework for resource semantics. Specifically, how inferentialism seamlessly incorporates the assertion-based approach of the logic of Bunched Implications, foundational in program verification (e.g., as the basis of Separation Logic), and the renowned number-of-uses reading of Linear Logic. This integration enables reasoning about shared and separated resources in intuitive and familiar ways, as well as about the composition and interfacing of system components.
On Kleisli liftings and decorated trace semantics
Authors: Luckhardt Daniel , Beohar Harsh , Küpper Sebastian
Published: December 2024

It is well known that Kleisli categories provide a natural language to model side effects. For instance, in the theory of coalgebras, behavioural equivalence coincides with language equivalence (instead of bisimilarity) when nondeterministic automata are modelled as coalgebras living in the Kleisli category of the powerset monad. In this paper, our aim is to establish decorated trace semantics based on language and ready equivalences for conditional transition systems (CTSs) with/without upgrades. To this end, we model CTSs as coalgebras living in the Kleisli category of a relative monad. Our results are twofold. First, we reduce the problem of defining a Kleisli lifting for the machine endofunctor in the context of a relative monad to the classical notion of Kleisli lifting. Second, we provide a recipe based on indexed categories to construct a Kleisli lifting for general endofunctors.

Comment: 40th Conference on Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics (MFPS)
Two-dimensional Kripke Semantics II: Stability and Completeness
Authors: Kavvos G. A.
Published: December 2024

We revisit the duality between Kripke and algebraic semantics of intuitionistic and intuitionistic modal logic. We find that there is a certain mismatch between the two semantics, which means that not all algebraic models can be embedded into a Kripke model. This leads to an alternative proposal for a relational semantics, the stable semantics. Instead of an arbitrary partial order, the stable semantics requires a distributive lattice of worlds. We constructively show that the stable semantics is exactly as complete as the algebraic semantics. Categorifying these results leads to a 2-duality between two-dimensional stable semantics and categories of product-preserving presheaves, i.e. models of algebraic theories in the style of Lawvere.

Comment: Accepted at MFPS 2024
Implicit automata in {\lambda}-calculi III: affine planar string-to-string functions
Authors: Pradic Cécilia , Price Ian
Published: December 2024

We prove a characterization of first-order string-to-string transduction via $\lambda$-terms typed in non-commutative affine logic that compute with Church encoding, extending the analogous known characterization of star-free languages. We show that every first-order transduction can be computed by a $\lambda$-term using a known Krohn-Rhodes-style decomposition lemma. The converse direction is given by compiling $\lambda$-terms into two-way reversible planar transducers. The soundness of this translation involves showing that the transition functions of those transducers live in a monoidal closed category of diagrams in which we can interpret purely affine $\lambda$-terms. One challenge is that the unit of the tensor of the category in question is not a terminal object. As a result, our interpretation does not identify $\beta$-equivalent terms, but it does turn $\beta$-reductions into inequalities in a poset-enrichment of the category of diagrams.

Comment: 19+1 pages, 7 figures; camera-ready version for MFPS
A magyar történelmi személynevek szlovákos írásának problémái
Authors: Misad Katalin
Published: December 2024

A törvényerővel rendelkező szlovák helyesírási szabályzat szerint a magyar történelmi személynevek írásformáját a szlovák köznyelvi kiejtéshez és a szlovák ábécé betűihez kell igazítani. A tanulmány áttekinti a vonatkozó szabálypont keletkezésének előzményeit és következményeit, miközben az egyes szabálypontrészek következetlenségeit figyelembe véve konkrét példákon szemlélteti a szabály gyakorlati alkalmazásának problémáit.
Parental Involvement in Supporting Academic Performance of Intermediate Phase Learners in a Low Socio-Economic Context
Authors: Mekgwe Tumelo , Maseko Nonhlanhla , Sedibe Mabatho
Published: December 2024

Parental involvement is essential for realising quality school performance and good academic performance. The study explores the role of parents’ involvement in intermediate-phase learners’ academic performance in a low socio-economic context in the North West Province, South Africa. This study intended to assist schools with strategies that could be used by the schools to involve parents to enhance the academic performance of learners. The study followed a qualitative design, underpinned by the interpretivism paradigm to explore the role of parental involvement in supporting intermediate-phase learners academically.  Data was gathered using semi-structured individual and focus group interviews, and document analysis. Three parents were purposively selected to participate, from each grade (Grades 4,5,6). Thus, the total number of participating parents was nine, comprising six females and three males. The article is underpinned by the Epstein model of school, family, and community partnership that encourages mutual collaboration between different stakeholders. The findings indicated that parental involvement in children’s education enhances their academic performance.
Managing Differentiated Learning Process in Implementing Emancipated Curriculum at Thailand - Indonesian School
Authors: Andari Shelly , Karwanto Karwanto , Rifqi Ainur , Wicaksono Ahmad , Jamaludin Khairul Azhar , Hanafi Mohd , Trihantoyo Syunu
Published: December 2024

The policy of Emancipated curriculum is implemented to accelerate the achievement of the national education goals. Moreover, this curriculum is not only implemented in Indonesia but also in Indonesian Schools which located abroad. The focus of this research is directed towards (a) differentiated learning planning at the Indonesian School in Bangkok (SIB), Thailand; (b) implementation of differentiated learning at the SIB, Thailand; and (c) evaluation of differentiated learning at the SIB, Thailand. This study conducted three data collection techniques, including: (1) interviews; (2) documentation; and (3) observation. The data were then processed using NVivo 12. The result of this research is that the learning in the SIB, Thailand is designed by taking into account the developmental stages and the current level of achievement of students. It is aligned with the learning needs and reflects the diverse characteristics and development of students, making the learning meaningful and enjoyable. Moreover, SIB Thailand highly prioritizes future-oriented and sustainable learning.
The Effect of Using Social Media on Student Development in the Learning Process in the Social Science Study Program Branch: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agustina Lady , Usman Ali
Published: December 2024

The research aims to determine the influence of social media on student development in the learning process. The research method adopts Husamah et al. (2022) and Katz & Nandi (2021). The first stage is the critical stage—first, the formulation of research questions. Second, identify studies that are relevant to the research topic—Third, evaluate and select studies that best suit the research objectives. The third stage is the initial screening of documents, selecting documents that have high relevance and selecting using relevant keywords. The research results show that social media has a relatively significant role in learning. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube positively enhance the teaching and learning process. It can further increase students' independence and self-confidence and encourage collaborative work in the classroom environment. However, using social media also has risks, such as reducing productive study time due to excessive interaction. Apart from that, it has a negative impact on interactions between students and teachers. Teachers must pay attention to knowledge construction and social interaction in the learning process. So, teachers can design strategies that utilize the positive potential of social media while actively reducing the negative impacts that may arise. Teachers must take an integrated and thoughtful approach to social media to create a balanced and effective learning environment.
An Exploration of Curriculum Adequacy for Pre-Service Teachers of Learners With Special Needs
Authors: Jacob Udeme Samuel , Pillay Jace , Chisunum Jeffrey Ifeanyichukwu
Published: December 2024

This qualitative research utilised a phenomenological research design to explore the adequacy of the curriculum for pre-service teachers in preparing them to teach learners with special needs. The research involved purposive sampling of eight participants enrolled in a Professional Diploma in Education (PDE) program at a government-funded university in South-South, Nigeria. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed using ATLAS.ti qualitative software. The research established trustworthiness through rigorous methodological approaches and ethical considerations. The research results indicated that the curriculum was suitable for pre-service teachers but unsuitable for students with special needs. It was discovered that the curriculum failed to adequately accommodate students with special needs, necessitating the need for changes to curriculum content, instructional materials, and delivery methods. Additionally, the research emphasised the lack of specific instructional programs designed to equip educators with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively teach students with disabilities, suggesting a potential deficiency in teacher training. The findings of this research offer valuable insights that can inform the development and reform of curricula. These insights highlight the importance of consistently modifying and adapting curricula to address the changing educational demands, with a particular focus on special needs education.
Pedagogical Innovations During COVID-19 Lockdowns: Learner (In)accessibility to Radio Lessons in Poorly Resourced African Countries
Authors: Chimbi Godsend T
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges in education globally. This article explores how learners in poorly resourced African countries accessed education during national lockdowns, if at all. With schools closed, how could learners in households without electricity and computers continue learning? Policy makers saw radio school as the only alternative. This comparative qualitative study on learner (in)accessibility to radio lessons in poorly resourced African countries during COVID-19 lockdowns is informed by the social justice theory. Data were obtained from online media, primary and secondary sources to generate insights into how radio lessons were conducted in six selected African countries – South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, South Sudan, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Findings indicate that learner experiences with radio lessons were heterogeneous. Where lesson broadcasts started soon after school shutdowns, worthwhile learning experiences were observed. Where radio school was introduced late, learner uptake of this innovation was low. In countries ravaged by poverty and toxic leadership most poor families could not afford radios, making radio lessons a charade. Compared to their privileged peers, who engaged in digital online learning, learners from poor families lost irrecoverable learning time in 2020 and 2021 - perpetuating existing inequalities and scuttling the drive for social justice.
The Importance of the Spiritual Dimension in Improving the Mental Well-Being of College Students
Authors: Nadifa Milatun , Latif M Baihaqi Rizki Abdul , Sobr Ahmad Yusuf , Ubaidillah Aan Fardani
Published: December 2024

The research investigated the relationship between spirituality and students' mental well-being. The aim was to explore the impact of high spiritual levels on different aspects of mental well-being through the results of previous research. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which includes the identification, review, evaluation, and interpretation of various existing studies. The findings suggest a strong link between high spiritual levels and improved mental well-being among college students. Students with high spirituality showed higher levels of purpose, gratitude, effective stress management, positive social relationships, and better physical health. The research contributes new insights by highlighting the significant impact of spirituality on diverse aspects of mental well-being in the context of university life and college efforts to deal with it. These findings underscore the importance of integrating the spiritual dimension into mental health and Education programs and provide a foundation for future studies to explore specific spiritual practices and cultural variations in more detail that can be applied practically to higher education. Some of the efforts that universities can make are providing materials about spirituality in the curriculum, providing affordable mental health services, creating a conducive learning environment, and providing social support to students. Some programs that can be done by universities include religious activities, meditation or yoga activities, and volunteer activities. These refinements add a novelty aspect to the research by emphasizing its practical implications. As such, the research not only presents findings on the relationship between spirituality and students' mental well-being but also highlights their relevance in the context of higher education policy and practice.
Promoting Educational Persistence in Crisis Regions: Insights From Students’ Experiences of Online Learning in the University of Buea
Authors: Etta Mercy Aki
Published: December 2024

Higher education in Cameroon continues to suffer from the effects of a twin crisis including a current socio-political armed conflict (in its two English-speaking regions) and the COVID-19 pandemic that has left school activities irregular in these regions. However, COVID-19 has brought about an automatic educational change requiring a transition to online learning that provides a window of opportunity for educational persistence in these crisis regions. Regardless of this, students’ voices of their experiences of online learning in the context of pandemics and armed conflicts are almost missing. This paper provides an assessment of students’ perceptions about their experiences with online learning in the wake of COVID-19 using Diffusion of Innovation theory as a framework to describe the (1) relative advantage (2) trialability and (3) complexity of online learning.  The study adopted a survey design and data were collected from 1436 students randomly selected from the University of Buea, Cameroon. Findings from frequency counts, percentages, chi-square and thematic analyses revealed that students view online learning as an opportunity for educational persistence in crisis regions, however, trialability is low with younger and undergraduate students having limited online learning experiences (P<0.01). Similarly, students viewed online learning as complex, compounded by enormous challenges to which decision makers can address to sustain learning in armed conflict. To this end, it is recommended amongst others that course syllabuses should be re-organize to include at least 4 hours of online learning to improve students’ online learning experiences and promote educational persistence in crisis regions.
Exploring the Challenges Experienced During the Work-integrated Learning of Economic and Management Sciences Student Teachers at a Rural University: A Relational Leadership Approach
Authors: Molise Habasisa Vincent , Segooa Mapule Yvonne
Published: December 2024

Work-integrated learning is the time when student-teachers visit schools to practice their teaching skills. Participation in teaching activities allows student-teachers to apply the theories and principles they learn in lectures. WIL begins at university, when their lecturers supervise student-teachers as they learn about various educational ideas and practices. The study investigates the challenges that economic and management sciences student-teachers face during their WIL, such as a lack of intensive student mentoring, a lack of cordial relationships between student-teachers and mentor-teachers, a lack of clearly defined student expectations, and a lack of commitment from student-teachers and mentor-teachers. A total of five participants were carefully chosen to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and gain a thorough understanding. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings highlighted the necessity of developing partnerships between university and school stakeholders to facilitate the efficient implementation of EMS student-teachers' WILs. University teachers just visit pupils from schools to evaluate them, with little support provided. The mentor instructors also leave student-teachers alone in their classrooms without offering mentorship, viewing the students' presence at school as an opportunity to be free of teaching. The study suggests that the WIL of EMS student-teachers be framed as an archetype within the relational leadership approach to help promote cordial relationships among all involved for it to be successfully implemented and effective.
Understanding the Complexities: Exploring Secondary School Contextual Challenges Teachers Face in Addressing Indiscipline
Authors: Letuma Motsekiso Calvin
Published: December 2024

Indiscipline is a cause for worry in schools as it obstructs fulfilling its intended mission of delivering high-quality education. In the face of rampant indiscipline, teachers must possess the aptitude to proficiently manage all the challenges that arise from school disciplinary matters. This research explored teachers’ challenges while dealing with disciplinary matters in schools. The study employed an interpretative paradigm and a qualitative approach with a case study design. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with six school management team members and a focus group interview with seven teachers from four specifically selected quintile three secondary schools. The findings indicated limited leadership capabilities from the school leaders, as evidenced by problems such as ineffective establishment of disciplinary committees, insufficient facilities, inadequate communication between parents and the school, young and inexperienced teachers’ challenges, and teacher resistance. The study suggests that continuous training for school leaders is necessary to enhance their ability to inspire admiration and trust among teachers, cultivate a sense of purpose, encourage innovative problem-solving, and foster their and others’ professional development in managing school disciplinary issues. The study introduced a paradigm shift in the design and provision of professional development for schools, expanding beyond curriculum implementation to include disciplinary matters in schools.
Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media Based on Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) to Improve Learning Outcomes in Science Material
Authors: Rizqia Naviatul , Fathurrahman Moh. , Mahroini Zahidah
Published: December 2024

This research was motivated by the application of technology-based learning media. Based on the results of a preliminary survey conducted in grade IV 1 Elementary School Soditan, Rembang Regency, problems were identified with limited learning media and low student learning outcomes in science content. Therefore, learning media is needed as an alternative solution to social studies learning problems in grade IV SD Negeri 1 Soditan even semester. The purpose of this study is to develop an augmented reality learning media design  based on culturally responsive teaching, test its feasibility, and test its effectiveness. The type of research used is Research and Devolopment (R&D) with the Borg and Gall development model. Data collection techniques use test techniques and non-test techniques consisting of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Product suitability is assessed by material experts and media experts with a percentage of 93.75% and 90% with a classification of "very feasible". The effectiveness of the product was tested using the T-Test analysis technique obtained a significance value of 0.000. The result of the N-Gain calculation obtained a value of 0.7463 with a classification of "high". Augmented Reality  learning media based on Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) is very feasible and effective for use in Class IV social studies subjects 1 Elementary School Soditan, Rembang Regency. Researchers recommend the use of this learning media in other subjects with interesting and innovative designs and innovations.
Development of QR Code-Based Flash Card Media to Improve Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Students
Authors: Annastasyya Annastasyya , Fathurrahman Moh.
Published: December 2024

The lack of learning media creates a less effective learning atmosphere, resulting in low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of QR code-based flash card media on cultural diversity material to improve learning outcomes for fourth grade students. Research and development of the ADDIE model were used as research methods using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The results of the product feasibility test from the material expert validator and media expert showed a score of 89.4% and 97.3% with a very feasible category. The results of the study showed that the development of QR code-based flash card media on cultural diversity material was quite feasible to use during learning activities and could improve student learning outcomes, according to the results of the t-test showing that the sig. 0.000 means that there is a significant difference in learning outcomes in the pre-test and post-test data. This is also supported by the results of the n-gain test of 0.55 with a moderate category indicating an increase in students' pretest and posttest results when using QR code-based flash card media. The novelty of this research is seen from the development of technology in the form of QR code on card media to overcome students' problems in understanding learning materials with attractive designs and innovations.
Literature Review of Nature of Science and Explicit-Reflective Instruction: A Strategy Design in Scientific Literacy
Authors: Setiyawati Enik , Sutopo  , Mahanal Susriyati , Yuliati Lia , Subayani Nataria Wahyuning
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to synthesize the literature on the Nature of Science (NOS) and explicit-reflective instruction and find implications for a strategy design in scientific literacy. The main contribution of this research is the in-depth analysis of the selected articles to find aspects of NOS that are important for elementary school students as a bridge to achieving scientific literacy. This study used the literature review method with four stages: identifying research objectives, identifying and selecting relevant studies, mapping data, and compiling, summarizing, and reporting results. The source of the review was 25 articles that met the exclusion and inclusion criteria in the last 10 years. The presentation of results was done descriptively by paying attention to the full text of the 25 articles. This study revealed that empirically based, tentative, observations and inferences, and imagination and creativity are general aspects of NOS that are important for elementary school students to access as a bridge to scientific literacy. The implications of these findings suggest a strategy designed to provide many opportunities for teachers and students to use content and learning contexts with three phases of reflection called the reflective before-in-on strategy.
The manifestation of willpower in pupils based on academic achievement and type of extracurricular activities
Authors: LUNGU Tatiana
Published: December 2024

This article presents the quantitative and qualitative results of a study on pupils’ willpower in relation to academic achievement and the types of extracurricular activi­ties they engage in. The study conducted on involved 304 pupils, aged between 12 and to 19 years, from four secondary education institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The results revealed statistically significant differences in several areas: self-assessment of willpower based on academic achievement; the general index of volitional self-control and self-mastery based on the type of extracurricular activities; the volitional qualities of responsibility, initiative, and independence based on academic achievement; and the qualities of initiative, determination, persistence, energy, attention, and perseverance based on the type of extracurricular activities (such as sports, music, dance, painting, volunteering).
Personality characteristics of employees from the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Authors: ANTON Vica
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to establish the differences in the dominant personality traits of newly hired officers and non-commissioned officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, focusing on their personality characteristics, cognitive intelligence levels, and interests. The research sample consisted of 140 subjects of which 70 officers and 70 non-commissioned officers, aged between 18 and 65 years. The results of the research revealed that the overall cognitive abilities of non-commissioned officers is lower, compared to those of officers. Additionally, officers demonstrated more developed social interests than non-commissioned officers. With respect to personality traits, officers exhibited significantly more positive indicators than their non-commissioned counterparts.
An Innovative Framework for Traffic Light Control Based on the Combined Use of Artificial Intelligence and Multi-criteria Decision Making
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Transport Engineering and Logistics, Niš, Serbia, Lukić Bratislav , Petrović Goran ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Transport Engineering and Logistics, Niš, Serbia
Published: December 2024

The concept of continuous development of smart cities focuses on the principle of interconnection, digitization and automation. In this context, the ubiquitous availability of various data has enabled the application of artificial intelligence and multi-criteria decision-making in various fields. The proposed model presents the management of traffic flows at the level of individual isolated signalized intersections, where the influence of traffic and non-traffic criteria was considered. Solving the problem in question is realized by developing a model for determining the optimal value of the length of the cycle and the distribution of green time and consists of four phases. The first phase represents the prediction of traffic flow using machine learning (ML), which is performed on the basis of historical – statistical data and regularities that occur between traffic flow, time intervals, temperature and weather conditions, as well as establishing the correlation between the mentioned traffic flow parameters. In the second phase, after obtaining the traffic flow, the length of the cycle and the distribution of green time are determined using a metaheuristic optimization method – a genetic algorithm, based on the minimization of vehicle time losses. The third phase represents the collection of data on traffic in real time, especially the encounter of priority vehicles using computer vision and public transport vehicles using information and communication technologies (ICT). In the last phase, the selection of the optimal value of the length of the cycle and the distribution of green time is made based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). After choosing the optimal length of the cycle and the distribution of green time, the controller is activated at the intersection and traffic management is performed at the individual intersection.
Investigating how Financial Investments are being directed toward Social Impact Projects, such as Education, Healthcare, and Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Iram Saima , Jaffery Syed Nabeel Hassan , Imran Muhammad , Jaffar Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study looks into the factors that influence the allocation of financial investments in social impact projects, specifically in education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation sectors. As social investments become more important in addressing global challenges, understanding how financial resources are directed toward these critical sectors is essential for fostering sustainable development. A quantitative method was used, and financial data obtained from various countries were collected to analyze the relationship that exists between investment levels and these key economic, political, and governance-related factors. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were carried out using SPSS to identify the determinants of investment in these sectors. The results suggest that the variables that are significantly influential are economic factors, such as GDP, policy incentives, institutional capacity, and political stability. Descriptive statistics revealed the highest investment to be healthcare, followed by education and poverty alleviation, whereas correlation analysis shows a strong positive relationship between GDP and levels of investment in all the sectors. Regression analysis confirmed that policy incentives and FDI were some of the strong predictors for investment in healthcare, but institutional capacity was the crucial determinant for education. The study sustains the hypotheses that these investments are positively correlated to economic development, vary differently between public and private sector allocation, and are also governed by the expected returns from investment. The study concludes with policy recommendations to optimize investment strategies, including the promotion of public-private partnerships, the development of metrics for Social Return on Investment (SROI), and strengthening institutional frameworks. It also suggests areas for future research, especially in the exploration of long-term impacts of social impact investments and cross-country comparisons.