bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benthic habitat mapping using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) on Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Hamidah M , Pasaribu R A , Aditama F A
Published: December 2021

Tidung Island is one of the islands in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This island has various benthic that live on the coastal areas, and benthic habitat has various functions both ecologically and economically. Nowadays, remote sensing technology is one way to detect benthic habitats in coastal areas. Mapping benthic habitat is essential for sustainable coastal resource management and to predict the distribution of benthic organisms. This study aims to map the benthic habitats using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) and calculate the accuracy of benthic habitat classification results in Tidung Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. The field data were collected on June 2021, and the image data used is satellite Sentinel-2 imagery acquired in June 2021. The result shows that the benthic habitat classification was produced in 4 classes: seagrass, rubble, sand, and live coral. The accuracy test result obtained an overall accuracy (OA) of 74.29% at the optimum value of the MRS segmentation scale 15;0,1;0.7 with the SVM algorithm. The results of benthic habitat classification show that the Seagrass class dominates the shallow water area at the research site with an area of 118.77 ha followed by Life Coral 104.809 ha, Sand 43.352 ha, and the smallest area is the Rubble class of 42.28 Ha.
Land subsidence detection in Jakarta Province using Sentinel-1A Satellite Imagery
Authors: Situmorang D , Arhatin R E , Lumban-Gaol J
Published: December 2021

The land surface in Jakarta Province is thought to have experienced relatively continuous subsidence because of natural processes and artificial activities. This research was carried out to evaluate the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta Province. Based on this research, it can be shown from the Sentinel-1A satellite images that there has been landed subsidence. The data used are two pairs of Sentinel-1A Single Looking Complex (SLC) images acquired in 2019 and 2020. The data was processed using the DInSAR method to examine the rate of land subsidence. The results show that the land subsidence rate in Jakarta Province during the 2019-2020 period varies from 1.8 cm to -10.7 cm/year. The literature data results in 2016 experienced a decrease in land subsidence with a significant value of -12.6 cm/year. Land subsidence in 2017 averaged -1.8 cm/year. The land subsidence results from 2019 to 2020 have a value that tends to be lower than in 2016 of - 3.62 cm/year. Land subsidence occurs mostly in coastal areas and near estuaries caused by the nature of alluvial deposition materials. It has caused damages to road infrastructure in several regions of Jakarta Province, such as Mutiara Beach, West Cengkareng, and Pademangan.
Evaluation of altimetry satellite data products and sea level trends in the Indonesian maritime continent
Authors: Lumban-Gaol J , Vignudelli S , Nurjaya I W , Natih N M N , Sinurat M E , Arhatin R E , Kusumaningrum E E
Published: December 2021

This study examines the accuracy of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) altimetry data products of Copernicus, Colorado University (CU), and X-TRACK-Centre for Topographic studies of the Ocean and Hydrosphere (X-TRACk-CTOH). The SSHA derived from altimetry accuracy was tested by comparison with tide gauge (TG) observations. Taking measurements along the IMC coast demonstrates the excellent agreement between the SSHA derived from altimetry and the TG observations, with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) as low as 10 cm and a strong correlation. The study’s findings revealed that the Copernicus data products could be used to monitor sea-level variability and trends in the IMC accurately. The 25-year time series data from SSHA demonstrated that the sea-level trend in the IMC is higher than the global trend.
Deoxygenation of the eastern Indonesian waters and its variability
Authors: Triana K , Dwiana K , Supramono D S
Published: December 2021

Long-term ocean deoxygenation could lead to decline biological productivity and alter biogeochemical cycles. Ocean warming contributions to ocean deoxygenation are reasonably understood, however, there is a challenge to reveal the gaps about other modifying factors to explain different regional patterns and predicts the condition in the coming century. This study aimed to identify the deoxygenation areas in the eastern Indonesian waters, understand the variability of physical and chemical parameters as the deoxygenation drivers, and investigate the correlation between parameters. In-situ and satellite-derived data from 1995 to 2020 were analyzed with statistical methods and remote sensing techniques to enhance deoxygenation measures in higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Our findings revealed that significant deoxygenation was detected around the Arafura Sea. The oxygen minimum zone extended at 133.5° – 136.8° E in the depth of 350 – 1,000 meters, with less than 20 mmol/m3 of dissolved oxygen concentration. Nitrate, phosphate, and temperature were identified to have a strong reversed relationship with the oxygen concentration in the study area. This study also developed multiple regression model algorithms to estimate the oxygen concentration in specified depths.
Study of bathymetry in determining Nuclear Power Plant Site in Gosong Beach Waters, West Kalimantan
Authors: Susiati H , Ryanto T A , Suntoko H , Risko  , Muhardi  , Zibar Z
Published: December 2021

Gosong Beach waters are located in Bengkayang Regency West Kalimantan, where the water conditions are influenced by the South China Sea. This study aimed to determine the shape of the bottom morphology profile (bathymetry). The bottom morphology of the water was used as initial data to determine the location of nuclear sites in the study area. Bathymetry measurements were conducted using a single beam echosounder corrected by tidal data to determine the chart datum value, then used to correct sea depth for accuracy. The measurement of tidal data was conducted for 15 days in March 2021 with an interval of 1 hour. The results showed that the type of tidal obtained was mixed tide mixed with the double daily slope with Formzhal (F) value 0.77. The depth of the waters at the study site ranges from 0.9 to 8.45 meters. The average value of the coastal slope shows that spatially there are variations in the slope class with the percentage value ranging from 0.13 to 2.29% which is included in the classification of flat coastal slopes.
Transformation and mixing of North Pacific Water Mass in Sangihe-Talaud in August 2019
Authors: Sani I Y , Atmadipoera A S , Purwandana A , Syamsudin F
Published: December 2021

Along the pathway, ITF water is considered to be transformed due to strong diapycnal mixing. This study aims to describe the structure of ITF water and to estimate turbulent mixing. The number of 6 CTD casts and 9 repeated CTD “yoyo” measurements were obtained from the “Years of Maritime Continent” YMC cruise (a joint cruise between BPPT/IPB/UNUD-Univ. Tokyo/JAMSTEC) and onboard R.V. Baruna Jaya IV in August 2019. The CTD datasets are processed with SBE Data Processing and analyzed for water mass composition, as well as turbulent mixing with Thorpe method. The results showed that thermocline water of NPSW with S-max, and intermediate water of NPIW with S-min from North Pacific origin are dominant. Transformation of NPSW and NPIW along their pathway can be identified from decreasing S-max of NPSW and increasing S-min of NPIW. Estimates of ϵ and Kρ are O(10−5) m2s−2 and 10−2 m2 s−1, respectively. High mixing occur also in the interior layer with the e and the Kp O(10−6) m2s−2 and O(10−1) m2 s−1, respectively. This is related to barotropic tidal activity that interacts with the bottom topography where there are many sills, causing the formation of strong baroclinic tides.
Seasonal coastal upwelling in the Bali Strait: a model study
Authors: Suprianto A , Atmadipoera A S , Lumban-Gaol J
Published: December 2021

Bali Strait is part of fisheries management zone (WPP 573), where abundant fishery potential, of lemuru fish commodity. Here, physical oceanographic setting such as upwelling event plays an important role on maintaining high primary productivity and lemuru fish distribution. This study aims to describe physical process and dynamics of seasonal coastal upwelling using time-series datasets (2008 and 2014) of temperature, salinity, current velocity, surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) from INDESO model and satellite imagery. The results showed that upwelling in the Bali Strait only during the southeast monsoon period when the south-easterly wind force surface Ekman drift of about 5.5 × 10−3Sv flowing south-eastward (toward offshore). Upwelling event is characterized by minimum parameter of sea surface temperature (24.93 °C), and sea level anomaly (0.75 m), but maximum of surface chlorophyll-a (1.33 mg/m3). Furthermore, isotherm of 26 °C and Isohaline 33.7 psu are outcropped at sea surface in the center of upwelling zone. In contrast, during the nortwest monsoon period these isolines remain at deeper layer of about 80-90 m depth. Mean temperature-based upwelling index during peak of upwelling in August (1.19±0.19 °C). Upwelling impact on high abundance of lemuru fish (Sardinellasp.) production two month later after peak of chl-a.
Country-specific emission factor for developing a tier 3 system of Indonesia’s seagrass carbon inventory
Authors: Wahyudi A J , Febriani F
Published: December 2021

Climate action regarding carbon inventory requires baseline assessment, data regarding annual changes, and evaluation of reductions in carbon emissions. However, many studies of seagrass ecosystems have focused only on carbon stock and sequestration, neglecting the importance of the carbon emission factor. It is known that emission factors for land-use change, including those in seagrass ecosystems, can be derived from biomass and sediment carbon stock. Since currently Indonesia only has data for biomass carbon stock, we propose the measurement of province-based emission factors. This study combines the available carbon stock data reported in national or international publications and conducts a meta-analysis to obtain emission factor values. The results show that the biomass standing carbon stock of Indonesia’s seagrass meadows ranges from 0.30 tC/ha (i.e., Special Region of Yogyakarta) to 16.51 tC/ha (i.e., Gorontalo province), while emission factor ranges from 0.012 tC/ha/yr to 0.661 tC/ha/yr (equal to 0.05 t CO2/ha/yr to 2.42 t CO2/ha/yr). These findings will be beneficial for developing Tier 3 carbon inventory since they allow country-specific emission factor for the seagrass ecosystem to be measured.
Indirect estimation of turbulent mixing in western route of Indonesian throughflow
Authors: Firdaus M , Rahmawitri H , Haryoadji S , Atmadipoera A S , Suteja Y , Yuliardi A Y , Syamsudin F
Published: December 2021

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) via its western path conveys mainly North Pacific water origin with Smaxthermocline water and Sminintermediate water from its entry portal in Sangihe-Talaud arcs to the main outflow straits in Lombok, Ombai and Timor passage. Along its route, the throughflow water characteristics transforms significantly due to strong diapycnal mixing forced by internal tidal waves interaction along complex topography such as passages, sill, straits, and shallow islands chains. This paper reports a brief estimate of turbulent mixing profiles in Sangihe chains, and Makassar Strait. The CTD dataset are obtained from the year of maritime continent (YMC) Cruise in August 2019 on board the R.V. Baruna Jaya I. The Thorpe method is used to analysis dissipation energy (ε) and vertical diffusivity (Kz) from CTD dataset. It is shown that the highestεepsilon 5.87 × 10−7Wkg−1andKz4.42 × 10−3m2s1are found in the Sangihe area. In Labani Channel and Dewakang Sill the averaged vertical diffusivity is much weaker at the order of 10−4m2s1. Thus, Sangihe Chains station have the highest values compared to other stations at depth 950-1000 meters.
Dynamics of salinity intrusion in the surface and ground water of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Chowdhury A , Naz A , Bhattacharyya S , Sanyal P
Published: December 2021

Sundarban is the world’s largest transboundary contiguous mangrove ecosystem and home of the mangrove dwelling tigers. Sea level rise is destabilizing this ecosystem which is experiencing a rising salinity in surface and ground waters (shallow aquifer). In this study ground water salinity was investigated across Sundarbans and surface water seasonal salinity changes has been investigated along East-west gradient in the region. Statistically significant seasonal as well as spatial variations has been observed in the surface water salinity pattern across this gradient. The post monsoon average surface water salinity was 10.58 ppt while in pre-monsoon it was 27.31 ppt. Ground water salinity was lowest (0.95 ppt) in monsoon while highest in the pre-monsoon season (7.4 ppt). There was a clear east-west gradient in the surface salinity distribution across the delta, indicating a source of fresh water in the eastern corner, bordering Bangladesh. Increasing salinity indicate impact on mangrove diversity with salinity sensitive species (Heritiera fomes, Nypa fruticans) limited to the eastern corner while salinity resilient species (Avicennia marina and Phoenix paludosa) were dominating the western and central part of the Indian Sundarbans. Mangrove associate Acanthus ilicifolius and Heliotropium currasavicum were abundant in the forests under anthropogenic disturbances.
The relationship between oceanographic factors and the ENSO period on weather in Maluku
Authors: Zenyda K S , Dinda A , Lizar I H , Amrullah R , Therie R , Raksadinata H P D
Published: December 2021

The surrounding waters strongly influence the waters of North Maluku. These waters are the entrance gate for ARLINDO, which is directly related to the Pacific Ocean. To produce scientific knowledge, our study aims to determine the influence of oceanographic factors on the distribution of sea surface temperatures (SST) and wind pattern, which affects the rainfall throughout the west monsoon and transitional seasons in the Indonesian region literacy. We used data from ERDDAP, where SST data was processed using Ocean Data View and wind data using WRPLOT. The SST of North Maluku waters during October 2020-April 2021 ranges from 29.1°C-29.8°C, with the highest sea surface temperature, was seen during November-December 2020 and April 2021. The result demonstrates the highest rainfall data was in February 2021 and the dominant winds come from north and west. These winds bring water vapor particles that become convective clouds that increase rainfall in Indonesia, especially in the eastern region. Meanwhile, SST originating from the Pacific Ocean moved due to the Walker Circulation from the east. This further caused the SST from the Pacific Ocean that brought a warm water move towards Indonesian waters.
Seasonal Ekman upwelling in the Southwest Sumba from INDESO Model
Authors: Suryadarma M W , Atmadipoera A S , Natih N M N , Koch-Larrouy A
Published: December 2021

Southwest Sumba water is part of the Indonesian fisheries management region (WPP573). Marine fisheries resources are influenced by oceanographic phenomena such as an upwelling event. This study aims to describe characteristics of seasonal Ekman upwelling by analyzing oceanographic parameters from the validated INDESO model output (2008-2014). It shows that upwelling event in the study area occurs during the Southeast Monsoon period, which creates an Ekman drift of 0.26 Sv towards offshore. This transported water mass is then replaced by an upwelled vertical flow of sub-surface colder and nutrient-rich water at the velocity of the order of 10−4 m/s. Surface features of the upwelling event are seen from a minimum temperature (24.3 °C), sea level anomaly (0.34 m), but the maximum of chlorophyll-a (3.02 mg/m3). During this time, an uplifted isotherm of 25.5 °C is found from sub-surface to 10 m depth, but it is outcropped at the sea surface in the centre of upwelling area. Interestingly, during upwelling event, salinity stratification revealed an isohaline of 34.10 psu is much deeper at 40 m depth, and much fresher water mass from the Ombai Indonesian Throughflow water is dominant. Averaged temperature-based upwelling index between June-September is about 0.3 °C.
Estimation of carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli
Authors: Harahap Z A , Khairunnisa  , Susetya I E , Rahayu Y P
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted from July to August 2020 in the coastal areas of Hajoran and Jago Jago. The parameters measured in this study were density, coverage, biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock in seagrass. Biomass analysis and carbon measurement are divided into the top (above-ground biomass) and the bottom substrate (below-ground biomass). Carbon measurements are conducted using the loss on ignition (LOI) approach. The results showed that the seagrass ecosystem on the coast of Central Tapanuli Regency, which was covered by monospecies Enhalus acoroides, was in a less healthy condition with a cover percentage of 30.3-33.3% and a density of 59-67 shoots/m2. Above-ground and below-ground seagrass biomass reached 140.19-188.72 g/m2 and 368.13-423.69 g/m2 respectively, while carbon stock reached 70.57-94.86 g Corg/m2 and 18731-19603 g Corg/m2 and total standing stock range 257.87-290.90 g Corg/m2. The data obtained from this research can be used as a database to see the potential of seagrass beds as storage of CO2 and as an effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Spatial-temporal habitat suitability for lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) using the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) and Maximum Entropy model in the Bali Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Gustantia N , Osawa T , Adnyana I W S , Novianto D , Chonnaniyah
Published: December 2021

Lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru), the most dominant fishery resource, has economic values for the fisherman fishing activities in the Bali Strait (between Jawa and Bali islands), Indonesia. Spatial and temporal prediction for the fishing location is essential information for effective fisheries management. The high spatial resolution of sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) by the second-generation global imager (SGLI) on the global change observation mission (GCOM-C) satellite was employed for the input of the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) to predict the potential fishing area of lemuru fish in 2020. This study analyzed SST and Chl-a using the SGLI data and shows the variability of SST and Chl-a for lemuru fish-catching data. The MaxEnt model performance to predict the habitat suitability for lemuru fish in the Bali Strait has been shown in this study. As a result, the maximum average Chl-a estimated in August 2020 was around 1.62 mg m−3 and maximum SST in March 2020 around 28.12°C. The correlation between SST and Chl-a with total lemuru fish-catching were -0.209 and 0.375 for SST and Chl-a, respectively. The prediction of lemuru fishing areas using the MaxEnt model showed excellent model evaluations with a correlation value higher than 0.80.
Corrigendum: Determination of glass transition temperature and application for fabrication of polyphosphazene with high performance (2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater Sci Eng.
1167 012003
)
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Xue Xiang
Published: December 2021

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Optimization of surface roughness and machining parameters for turning superalloy GH4169 under high-pressure cooling
Authors: Zhang Yali , Wu Mingyang , Liu Keke , Zhang Jianyu
Published: December 2021

Superalloys are important structural materials in the aerospace and petrochemical industries. Because of their excellent fatigue and oxidation resistance, superalloys are usually used predominantly in rotor and turbine components. The requirement of good surface quality and high-precision processes has been widely concerned. High-pressure cooling is a commonly used auxiliary processing technology in the metal cutting field, which can efficiently improve the quality of the processed surface. It is of great significance to study the surface roughness of GH4169 processed by cutting under high-pressure cooling conditions. First, the single-factor and orthogonal experiment methods were used. The single factors, interaction effect, and quadratic effect of cutting parameters and cooling pressure were analyzed. Then, the multiple linear regression method was adopted to establish the prediction model for surface roughness of GH4169, and the accuracy of this model was verified. Finally, according to the prediction model, the machining parameters were optimized and verified. The results indicated that the proposed model was accurate and reliable, which could be used to optimize the machining parameters. The optimal parameter combination was achieved, with the cutting speed of 154 m min−1, the feed rate of 0.10 mm/r, the cutting depth of 0.46 mm, and the cooling pressure of 52 bar. Under this parameter setting, the prediction error was 4.20%, and the surface roughness was 34.92% less than that obtained under the actually recommended machining parameters. The above results will provide theoretical guidance for the parameter optimization of cutting superalloy under high-pressure cooling conditions and quality control of the processed surface.
Capillary network formation and structure in a modified discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis
Authors: Soltani M
Published: December 2021

Angiogenesis, as part of cancer development, involves hierarchical complicated events and processes. Multiple studies have revealed the significance of the formation and structure of tumor-induced capillary networks. In this study, a discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis is studied and modified to capture the realistic physics of capillary network formation. Modifications are performed on the mathematical foundations of an existing discrete model of angiogenesis. The main modifications are the imposition of the matrix density effect, implementation of realistic boundary and initial conditions, and improvement of the method of governing equations based on physical observation. Results show that endothelial cells accelerate angiogenesis and capillary formation as they migrate toward the tumor and clearly exhibit the physical concept of haptotactic movement. On the other hand, consideration of blood flow-induced stress leads to a dynamic adaptive vascular network of capillaries which intelligibly reflects the brush border effect . The present modified model of capillary network formation is based on the physical rationale that defines a clear mathematical and physical interpretation of angiogenesis, which is likely to be used in cancer development modeling and anti-angiogenic therapies.
Biogenic synthesis of nano-sulfur using Punica granatum fruit peel extract with enhanced antimicrobial activities for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Samrat K , Chandraprabha M N , Hari Krishna R , Sharath R , Harish B G
Published: December 2021

Microbial wound infections leading to secondary complications in wound healing has resulted in high demand for therapeutic drugs with improved efficacy. Despite achieving enhanced bio-activity and higher bioavailability compared to its bulk form, nano-sulfur (SNP) has been explored to a very limited extent for wound healing applications. In this work, we prepare biogenic SNP (SNP-B) via simple biogenic technique using pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract and demonstrate its antimicrobial and wound healing activity. The SNP-B was characterized using powder x-ray diffractometer, FESEM, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Different wound models (excision, incision, dead space and burn) were used to assess the wound healing potential of SNP-B. The 2% (w/w) SNP-B treated group exhibited enhanced wound contraction rate (excision wound, 99.62 ± 0.59%; burn wound, 99.46 ± 0.59%), breaking strength (393.2 ± 10.87 g cm−2), and granulation tissue weight (166.8 ± 9.45 mg) compared to the control group (excision wound, 84.24 ± 2.78%; burn wound, 90.58 ± 3.2%; breaking strength, 241.3 ± 16.11 g cm−2; granulation tissue weight, 91.17 ± 7.28 mg). The efficacy of 2% (w/w) SNP-B was comparable to that of standard (5% w/w povidone-iodine ointment) in all the wound models analyzed. The SNP-B showed enhanced antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 90, 80, 80, and 60μg ml−1forPseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The results obtained prove the potential of SNP-B as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for topical applications.
Portable universal tensile testing machine for studying mechanical properties of superelastic biomaterials
Authors: Gunter Sergey V , Marchenko Ekaterina S , Yasenchuk Yuriy F , Baigonakova Gulsharat A , Volinsky Alex A
Published: December 2021

A portable universal tensile testing machine for single and cyclic loading of superelastic biomaterials is presented. It’s an alternative to large-sized stationary universal testing machines. The machine is designed to obtain uniaxial cyclic tension stress-strain curves of materials with a low elastic modulus, including biological tissues. Its portability allows using it in various conditions: classrooms, production laboratories, and in the field. An interface has been developed to connect it to a computer. Computer output of experimental data allows recording and displaying load-displacement curves, setting the number of cycles, limits, and rate of cyclic deformation. Several examples of testing various biomaterials are presented. The functional advantage of the device is the wide tensile testing speed range of 0.01–10 mm s−1 and cyclic loading, which allow capturing viscoelastic and superelastic behavior of biomaterials.
3. Beautiful theories, ugly facts
Authors: Pierrehumbert Raymond T.
Published: December 2021

‘Beautiful theories, ugly facts’ evaluates the theories on planetary systems, particularly the Solar System. In 1734, the Swedish polymath Emmanuel Swedenborg proposed that the Sun and all the planets condensed out of the same ball of gas, in what is probably the earliest statement of the nebular hypothesis. The nebular hypothesis entered something close to its modern form in the hands of the French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who in 1796 made the clear connection to Newtonian gravity. The angular momentum problem and the structure of a protoplanetary disk, the formation of rocky cores, and the gravitational accretion of gas in the disk also come under this topic.
Incidence of neurological and psychiatric comorbidity over time: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Maxwell Colleen J , Maclagan Laura C , Harris Daniel A , Wang Xuesong , Guan Jun , Marrie Ruth Ann , Hogan David B , Austin Peter C , Vigod Simone N , Swartz Richard H , Bronskill Susan E
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Comprehensive, population-based investigations of the extent and temporality of associations between common neurological and psychiatric disorders are scarce.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used linked health administrative data for Ontarians aged 40–85 years on 1 April 2002, to estimate the adjusted rate of incident dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke or mood/anxiety disorder (over 14 years) according to the presence and time since diagnosis of a prior disorder. Sex differences in the cumulative incidence of a later disorder were also examined.

Results

The cohort included 5,283,546 Ontarians (mean age 56.2 ± 12.1 years, 52% female). The rate of dementia was significantly higher for those with prior PD (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 4.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.99–4.11); stroke (adjHR 2.49, CI 2.47–2.52) and psychiatric disorder (adjHR 1.79, CI 1.78–1.80). The rate of PD was significantly higher for those with prior dementia (adjHR 2.23, CI 2.17–2.30) and psychiatric disorder (adjHR 1.77, CI 1.74–1.81). The rate of stroke was significantly higher among those with prior dementia (adjHR 1.56, CI 1.53–1.58). Prior dementia (adjHR 2.36, CI 2.33–2.39), PD (adjHR 1.80, CI 1.75–1.85) and stroke (adjHR 1.47, CI 1.45–1.49) were associated with a higher rate of an incident psychiatric disorder. Generally, associations were strongest in the 6 months following a prior diagnosis and demonstrated a J-shape relationship over time. Significant sex differences were evident in the absolute risks for several disorders.

Conclusions

The observed nature of bidirectional associations between these neurological and psychiatric disorders indicates opportunities for earlier diagnosis and interventions to improve patient care.
Hemolysis Index and Potassium Reporting
Authors: DiToro Daniel F , Conrad Michael J , Jarolim Petr
Published: December 2021

Objectives

In vitro hemolysis generates a spurious increase in potassium. Roche Diagnostics recently revised its recommended guidelines for potassium reporting on cobas analyzers. By dramatically reducing the allowable degree of hemolysis, these guidelines would increase specimen rejection rates. We attempted to balance the desire to avoid inaccurate results with the clinical implications of increased specimen rejection rates.

Methods

We downloaded hemolytic indices (HI) for 80,795 specimens tested at our institution on cobas chemistry analyzers in 1 month and evaluated potential specimen rejection rates based on the new criteria. We also spiked nonhemolyzed samples with hemolyzed blood to assess the influence of HI values on potassium measurements.

Results

The new recommendations would lead to specimen rejection rates of 76% in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 41% in the emergency department (ED), 16% in inpatient specimens, and 9% in outpatient samples. Our current criteria of reporting potassium concentrations in inpatient and outpatient specimens with HI ≤100 and in NICU and ED specimens with HI ≤300 and additional interpretive guidance for HI values between 100 and 300 reduce unnecessary specimen rejections to 3% in NICU, 2% in ED and inpatients, and less than 1% in outpatients without significantly increasing the number of clinically consequential incorrect results.

Conclusions

The new recommendations would lead to unacceptably high specimen rejection rates. Laboratories should develop context-specific, evidence-based reporting criteria that minimize reporting of inaccurate results without disrupting delivery of care.
RiboChat: a chat-style web interface for analysis and annotation of ribosome profiling data
Authors: Xie Mingzhe , Yang Ludong , Chen Gennong , Wang Yan , Xie Zhi , Wang Hongwei
Published: December 2021

The increasing volume of ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) data, computational complexity of its data processing and operational handicap of related analytical procedures present a daunting set of informatics challenges. These impose a substantial barrier to researchers particularly with no or limited bioinformatics expertise in analyzing and decoding translation information from Ribo-seq data, thus driving the need for a new research paradigm for data computation and information extraction. In this knowledge base, we herein present a novel interactive web platform, RiboChat (https://db.cngb.org/ribobench/chat.html), for direct analyzing and annotating Ribo-seq data in the form of a chat conversation. It consists of a user-friendly web interface and a backend cloud-computing service. When typing a data analysis question into the chat window, the object-text detection module will be run to recognize relevant keywords from the input text. Based on the features identified in the input, individual analytics modules are then scored to find the perfect-matching candidate. The corresponding analytics module will be further executed after checking the completion status of the uploading of datasets and configured parameters. Overall, RiboChat represents an important step forward in the emerging direction of next-generation data analytics and will enable the broad research community to conveniently decipher translation information embedded within Ribo-seq data.
Integrated causal-predictive machine learning models for tropical cyclone epidemiology
Authors: Nethery Rachel C , Katz-Christy Nina , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Parks Robbie M , Schumacher Andrea , Anderson G Brooke
Published: December 2021

Strategic preparedness reduces the adverse health impacts of hurricanes and tropical storms, referred to collectively as tropical cyclones (TCs), but its protective impact could be enhanced by a more comprehensive and rigorous characterization of TC epidemiology. To generate the insights and tools necessary for high-precision TC preparedness, we introduce a machine learning approach that standardizes estimation of historic TC health impacts, discovers common patterns and sources of heterogeneity in those health impacts, and enables identification of communities at highest health risk for future TCs. The model integrates (i) a causal inference component to quantify the immediate health impacts of recent historic TCs at high spatial resolution and (ii) a predictive component that captures how TC meteorological features and socioeconomic/demographic characteristics of impacted communities are associated with health impacts. We apply it to a rich data platform containing detailed historic TC exposure information and records of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular- and respiratory-related hospitalization among Medicare recipients. We report a high degree of heterogeneity in the acute health impacts of historic TCs, both within and across TCs, and, on average, substantial TC-attributable increases in respiratory hospitalizations. TC-sustained windspeeds are found to be the primary driver of mortality and respiratory risks.
Three decades of change in pancreatoduodenectomy and future prediction of pathological and operative complexity
Authors: Halle-Smith James M , Hodson James , Coldham Chris , Dasari Bobby , Chatzizacharias Nikolaos , Marudanayagam Ravi , Sutcliffe Robert , Isaac John , Mirza Darius F , Roberts Keith J
Published: December 2021

Despite increasing complexity of surgery and patient age, the duration of hospital stay and mortality rate after pancreatoduodenectomy are decreasing. Understanding changes over time permits an estimation of a future surgical cohort in which complexity will increase. It is important that surgeons continue to push boundaries.
Neural representation of others during action observation in posterior medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Falcone Rossella , Cirillo Rossella , Ceccarelli Francesco , Genovesio Aldo
Published: December 2021

Making decisions based on the actions of others is critical to daily interpersonal interactions. We investigated the representations of other’s actions at single neural level in posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pmPFC) in two monkeys during the observation of actions of another agent, in a social interaction task. Each monkey separately interacted with a human partner. The monkey and the human alternated turns as actor and observer. The actor was required to reach one of two visual targets, avoiding the previously chosen target, while the observer monitored that action. pmPFC neurons decoupled in most cases self from others during both the execution and the observation of explicit actions. pmPFC neurons showed selective directional tuning specific for the agent who was executing the task. Moreover, we assessed the relationship of the response coding between the periods immediately before and after the action, by using a cross-modal decoding analysis. We found neural network stability from the action anticipation period to the observation of other’s actions, suggesting a strong relationship between the anticipation and the execution of an action. When the monkey was the actor, the population coding appeared dynamic, possibly reflecting a goal-action transformation unique to the monkey’s own action execution.
Clinical Performance of a Standardized Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay for Simple Detection of T-Cell Responses After Infection or Vaccination
Authors: Fernández-González Marta , Agulló Vanesa , Padilla Sergio , García José Alberto , García-Abellán Javier , Botella Ángela , Mascarell Paula , Ruiz-García Montserrat , Masiá Mar , Gutiérrez Félix
Published: December 2021

Background

We evaluated a standardized interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for detection of T-cell immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination.

Methods

This prospective study included patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with different severity of illness and follow-up (FU), vaccinated subjects, and healthy unvaccinated persons. SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response was measured using a specific quantitative IGRA in whole blood (Euroimmun, Germany) and TrimericS-IgG and neutralizing antibodies with validated serological platforms. Positivity of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction or vaccination was considered as the reference standard.

Results

A total of 239 individuals were included (152 convalescent, 54 vaccinated, and 33 uninfected unvaccinated). Overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive- and negative-predictive values (95% confidence interval) of the IGRA were 81.1% (74.9–86%), 90.9% (74.5–97.6%), 98.2% (94.5–99.5%), and 43.5% (31.8–55.9%), respectively. All vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects had positive IGRA at 3 months. In convalescent subjects the magnitude of IFN-γ responses and IGRA accuracy varied according to disease severity and duration of FU, with the best performance in patients with severe COVID-19 at 3 months and the worst in those with mild disease at 12 months. The greatest contribution of IGRA to serological tests was observed in patients with mild disease and long-term FU (incremental difference, 30.4%).

Conclusions

The IGRA was a reliable method of quantifying T-cell response after SARS-COV-2 infection or vaccination. In convalescent patients, the sensitivity is largely dependent on disease severity and time since primary infection. The assay is more likely to add clinical value to serology in patients with mild infections.
Rate and Risk Factors for Severe/Critical Disease Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in a High-Risk National Population
Authors: Butt Adeel A , Yan Peng , Shaikh Obaid S , Mayr Florian B , Omer Saad B
Published: December 2021

Background

Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections after vaccination have been reported. Outcomes among persons with breakthrough infection are poorly understood.

Methods

We identified all veterans with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection >14 days after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine between 15 December 2020 and 30 June 2021 and propensity score–matched unvaccinated controls with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was severe/critical disease, defined as admission to an intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, or death within 28 days of diagnosis or during index hospitalization.

Results

Among 502 780 vaccinated and 599 974 unvaccinated persons, there were 2332 (0.5%) breakthrough infections in the vaccinated group and 40 540 (6.8%) infections in the unvaccinated group over a follow-up period of 69 083 person-days in each group. Among these groups, we identified 1728 vaccinated persons with breakthrough infection (cases) and 1728 propensity score–matched unvaccinated controls with infection. Among the former, 95 (5.5%) persons met the criteria for severe/critical disease, while 200 (11.6%) persons met the criteria among the latter group. The incidence rate for severe/critical disease per 1000 person-days (95% confidence interval [CI]) was .55 (.45–.68) among vaccinated persons with breakthrough infection and 1.22 (1.07–1.41) among the unvaccinated matched controls who developed infection (P < .0001). Risk was higher; the hazard ratio (95% CI) with increasing age per 10-year increase was 1.25 (1.11–1.41); for those with >4 comorbidities, it was 2.85 (1.49–5.43), while being vaccinated was associated with strong protection against severe/critical disease (HR, 0.41; 95% CI: .32–.52).

Conclusions

The rate of severe/critical disease is higher among older persons and those with >4 comorbidities but lower among fully vaccinated persons with breakthrough infection compared with unvaccinated controls who develop infection.
Kidney glomerular filtration rate plasticity after transplantation
Authors: Denic Aleksandar , Rule Andrew D , Gaillard François
Published: December 2021

Since the first living donor kidney transplantation about six decades ago, significant progress has been made in terms of extending allograft survival. However, to date, only a small number of studies have compared the functional changes of the donated kidney to that of the remaining kidney. Although relatively small, the study by Gonzalez Rinne et al. demonstrated the adaptive capacity of the transplanted kidney in 30 donor–recipient pairs. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in both donors and recipients was obtained 12 months after transplantation and the authors identified three scenarios: (i) where donors had a higher GFR than recipients; (ii) where donors had a lower GFR than recipients; and (iii) where donors had a similar GFR to recipients. The mechanisms mediating GFR adaptability after kidney transplantation seem to be associated with body surface area (including sex differences in body surface area). Microstructural analysis of human and animal models of renal physiology provides some clues to the physiological adaptation of the transplanted organ. The nephron number from endowment and age-related loss and the adaptive ability for compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration likely play a major role.
End-of-life care in the cardiac intensive care unit: a contemporary view from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) Registry
Authors: Fagundes Antonio , Berg David D , Bohula Erin A , Baird-Zars Vivian M , Barnett Christopher F , Carnicelli Anthony P , Chaudhry Sunit-Preet , Guo Jianping , Keeley Ellen C , Kenigsberg Benjamin B , Menon Venu , Miller P Elliott , Newby L Kristin , van Diepen Sean , Morrow David A , Katz Jason N ,   for the CCCTN Investigators
Published: December 2021

Aims

Increases in life expectancy, comorbidities, and survival with complex cardiovascular conditions have changed the clinical profile of the patients in cardiac intensive care units (CICUs). In this environment, palliative care (PC) services are increasingly important. However, scarce information is available about the delivery of PC in CICUs.

Methods and results

The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) Registry is a network of tertiary care CICUs in North America. Between 2017 and 2020, up to 26 centres contributed an annual 2-month snapshot of all consecutive medical CICU admissions. We captured code status at admission and the decision for comfort measures only (CMO) before all deaths in the CICU. Of 13 422 patients, 10% died in the CICU and 2.6% were discharged to palliative hospice. Of patients who died in the CICU, 68% were CMO at death. In the CMO group, only 13% were do not resuscitate/do not intubate at admission. The median time from CICU admission to CMO decision was 3.4 days (25th–75th percentiles: 1.2–7.7) and ≥7 days in 27%. Time from CMO decision to death was <24 h in 88%, with a median of 3.8 h (25th–75th 1.0–10.3). Before a CMO decision, 78% received mechanical ventilation and 26% mechanical circulatory support. A PC provider team participated in the care of 41% of patients who died.

Conclusions

In a contemporary CICU registry, comfort measures preceded death in two-thirds of cases, frequently without PC involvement. The high utilization of advanced intensive care unit therapies and lengthy times to a CMO decision highlight a potential opportunity for early engagement of PC teams in CICU.
Imaging features of renal malperfusion in aortic dissection
Authors: van Bakel Pieter A J , Henry Matthew , Kim Karen M , Yang Bo , van Herwaarden Joost A , Alberto Figueroa C , Patel Himanshu J , Williams David M , Burris Nicholas S
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES

Malperfusion syndrome accompanying aortic dissection is an independent predictor of death with in-hospital mortality rates >60%. Asymmetrically decreased renal enhancement on computed tomography angiography is often considered evidence of renal malperfusion. We investigated the associations between renal enhancement, baseline laboratory values and the diagnosis of renal malperfusion, as defined by invasive manometry, among patients with aortic dissection.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients who were referred to our institution with acute dissection and suspected visceral malperfusion between 2010 and 2020. We determined asymmetric renal enhancement by visual assessment and quantitative density measurements of the renal cortex. We collected invasive renal artery pressures during invasive angiography at the aortic root and in the renal arteries. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate independent predictors of renal malperfusion.

RESULTS

Among the 161 patients analysed, the majority of patients were male (78%) and had type A dissection (52%). Invasive angiography confirmed suspected renal malperfusion in 83% of patients. Global asymmetric renal enhancement was seen in 42% of patients who did not have renal malperfusion during invasive angiography. Asymmetrically decreased renal enhancement was 65% sensitive and 58% specific for renal malperfusion. Both global [odds ratio (OR) 4.43; 1.20–16.41, P = 0.03] and focal (OR 11.23; 1.12–112.90, P = 0.04) enhancement defects were independent predictors for renal malperfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with aortic dissection, we found that differential enhancement of the kidney as seen on the computed tomography angiography is predictive, but not prescriptive for renal malperfusion. While detection of renal malperfusion is aided by computed tomography angiography, its diagnosis requires close monitoring and often invasive assessment.