bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Infection and Implant Loosening in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Evaluation of 209 Cases
Authors: Dapunt Ulrike , Radzuweit-Mihaljevic Stephanie , Lehner Burkhard , Haensch Gertrud , Ewerbeck Volker
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate bacteria species detected in a large number of patients treated for prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee at a single specialized center. Furthermore, the rate of implant loosening was investigated in a time-dependent manner for the most frequently detected bacteria species. A retrospective analysis of patients (n = 209) treated for prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee was performed. The following parameters were evaluated: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration, microbiological evaluation of tissue samples, loosening of the implant, the time that had elapsed since the primary prosthetic joint replacement, and the duration since the last surgical intervention. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were most frequently detected, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Differences in CRP concentration were detected among various bacteria species. Osteolysis was not associated with one causative agent in particular. Patients who had undergone previous revision surgery had a higher probability of implant loosening. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. are the most common causative agents of prosthetic joint infection and show no significant differences with regard to implant loosening or the time-course when compared to S. aureus. Infections with Enterococcus spp. seem to develop faster than with other bacteria species. The risk of implant loosening increases with revision surgery, in particular in the hip joint.
Frailty and Risk Classification for Life Annuity Portfolios
Authors: Olivieri Annamaria , Pitacco Ermanno
Published: October 2016

Life annuities are attractive mainly for healthy people. In order to expand their business, in recent years, some insurers have started offering higher annuity rates to those whose health conditions are critical. Life annuity portfolios are then supposed to become larger and more heterogeneous. With respect to the insurer’s risk profile, there is a trade-off between portfolio size and heterogeneity that we intend to investigate. In performing this, there is a second and possibly more important issue that we address. In actuarial practice, the different mortality levels of the several risk classes are obtained by applying adjustment coefficients to population mortality rates. Such a choice is not supported by a rigorous model. On the other hand, the heterogeneity of a population with respect to mortality can formally be described with a frailty model. We suggest adopting a frailty model for risk classification. We identify risk groups (or classes) within the population by assigning specific ranges of values to the frailty within each group. The different levels of mortality of the various groups are based on the conditional probability distributions of the frailty. Annuity rates for each class then can be easily justified, and a comprehensive investigation of insurer’s liabilities can be performed.
Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Diabetes Management
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cao Luyao , Li Lanlan , Cheng Wen , Xu Liangliang , Ping Xinyu , Pan Lijia , Shi Yi
Published: October 2016

Advances in conducting polymers (CPs) have promoted the development of diabetic monitoring and treatment, which is of great significance in human healthcare and modern medicine. CPs are special polymers with physical and electrochemical features resembling metals, inorganic semiconductors and non-conducting polymers. To improve and extend their properties, the fabrication of CPs and CP composites has attracted intensive attention in recent decades. Some CPs are biocompatible and suitable for biomedical use. Thus, the intriguing properties of CPs make wearable, noninvasive, continuous diabetes managing devices and other potential applications in diabetes possible in the near future. To highlight the recent advances of CPs and their derived materials (especially in conducting polymer hydrogels), here we discuss their fabrication and characterization, review the current state-of-the-art research in diabetes management based on these materials and describe current challenges as well as future potential research directions.
Ocular and Orbital Injury in All-Terrain Vehicles: A Literature Review
Authors: Crane Elliot , Kolomeyer Anton , Eller Andrew
Published: October 2016

Purpose: To review primary literature on ocular and orbital injury secondary to all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Methods: A Medline search of English language literature. Results: Very few studies detail ocular and orbital manifestations of ATV crashes. The most common ocular injuries included orbital fractures and eyelid lacerations. Less common but more severe injuries included traumatic optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, optic nerve laceration, and ruptured globe. Associated facial and skull bone fractures, traumatic brain injury, and subdural/subarachnoid hemorrhage were not uncommon. Depending on the mechanism and force of injury, complete loss of vision has been documented. Conclusion: Ocular and orbital trauma can be found in many cases of ATV-related injury. Various interventions may decrease the frequency of such injuries, including use of head and eye protection.
Assessment of the Latest GPM-Era High-Resolution Satellite Precipitation Products by Comparison with Observation Gauge Data over the Chinese Mainland
Authors: Ning Shaowei , Wang Jie , Jin Juliang , Ishidaira Hiroshi
Published: October 2016

The Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Core Observatory that was launched on 27 February 2014 ushered in a new era for estimating precipitation from satellites. Based on their high spatial–temporal resolution and near global coverage, satellite-based precipitation products have been applied in many research fields. The goal of this study was to quantitatively compare two of the latest GPM-era satellite precipitation products (GPM IMERG and GSMap-Gauge Ver. 6) with a network of 840 precipitation gauges over the Chinese mainland. Direct comparisons of satellite-based precipitation products with rain gauge observations over a 20 month period from April 2014 to November 2015 at 0.1° and daily/monthly resolutions showed the following results: Both of the products were capable of capturing the overall spatial pattern of the 20 month mean daily precipitation, which was characterized by a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. GPM IMERG overestimated precipitation by approximately 0.09 mm/day while GSMap-Gauge Ver. 6 underestimated precipitation by −0.04 mm/day. The two satellite-based precipitation products performed better over wet southern regions than over dry northern regions. They also showed better performance in summer than in winter. In terms of mean error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and probability of detection, GSMap-Gauge was better able to estimate precipitation and had more stable quality results than GPM IMERG on both daily and monthly scales. GPM IMERG was more sensitive to conditions of no rain or light rainfall and demonstrated good capability of capturing the behavior of extreme precipitation events. Overall, the results revealed some limitations of these two latest satellite-based precipitation products when used over the Chinese mainland, helping to characterize some of the error features in these datasets for potential users.
Long-Term Health Care Costs for Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Krahn M.D. , Bremner K.E. , Luo J. , Tomlinson G. , Alibhai S.M.H.
Published: October 2016

Background: Comparing relative costs for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) protocols in prostate cancer (PCa) requires an examination of all health care resources, not only those specific to PCa. The objective of the present study was to use administrative data to estimate total health care costs in a population-based cohort of PCa patients. Methods: Patients in Ontario with PCa who started 90 days or more of ADT at age 66 years or older during 1995–2005 were selected from cancer registry and health care administrative databases. We classified patients (n = 21,818) by regimen (medical castration, orchiectomy, anti-androgen monotherapy, medical castration with anti-androgen, orchiectomy with anti-androgen) and indication (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic disease, biochemical recurrence, primary nonmetastatic). Using nonparametric regression methods, with inverse probability weighting to adjust for censoring, and bootstrapping, we computed mean 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year longitudinal total direct medical costs (2009 Canadian dollars). Results: Mean first-year costs were highest for metastatic disease, ranging from $24,400 for orchiectomy to $32,120 for anti-androgen monotherapy. Mean first-year costs for all other indications were less than $20,000. Mean 5-year and 10-year costs were lowest for neoadjuvant treatment: approximately $43,000 and $81,000 respectively, with differences of less than $4,000 between regimens. Annual costs were highest in the first year of ADT. Orchiectomy was the least costly regimen for most time periods, but was limited to primary and metastatic indications. Outpatient drugs, including pharmacologic ADT, accounted for 17%–65% of total first-year costs. Conclusions: Compared with combined therapies, the ADT monotherapies, particularly orchiectomy when clinically feasible, are more economical. Our methods exemplified the use of algorithms to elucidate clinical information from administrative data. Our approach can be adapted for other cancers to expand the range of studies using Canadian administrative data.
The Prioritization Preferences of Pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review Members and the Canadian Public: A Stated-Preferences Comparison
Authors: Skedgel C.
Published: October 2016

The pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (PCODR) is responsible for making coverage recommendations to provincial and territorial drug plans about cancer drugs. Within the pcodr process, small groups of experts (including public representatives) consider the characteristics of each drug and make a funding recommendation. It is important to understand how the values and preferences of those decision-makers compare with the values and preferences of the citizens on whose behalf they are acting. In the present study, stated preference methods were used to elicit prioritization preferences from a representative sample of the Canadian public and a small convenience sample of pcodr committee members. The results suggested that neither group sought strictly to maximize quality-adjusted life year (OALY) gains and that they were willing to sacrifice some efficiency to prioritize particular patient characteristics. Both groups had a significant aversion to prioritizing older patients, patients in good pre-treatment health, and patients in poor post-treatment health. Those results are reassuring, in that they suggest that pcodr decision-maker preferences are consistent with those of the Canadian public, but they also imply that, like the larger public, decision-makers might value health gains to some patients more or less highly than the same gains to others. The implicit nature of pcodr decision criteria means that the acceptability or limits of such differential valuations are unclear. Likewise, there is no guidance as to which potential equity factors—for example, age, initial severity, and so on—are legitimate and which are not. More explicit guidance could improve the consistency and transparency of pcodr recommendations.
Follow-Up of Patients Who Are Clinically Disease-Free after Primary Treatment for Fallopian Tube, Primary Peritoneal, or Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Program in Evidence-Based Care Guideline Adaptation
Authors: Le T. , Kennedy E.B. , Dodge J. , Elit L.
Published: October 2016

Background: A need for follow-up recommendations for survivors of fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, or epithelial ovarian cancer after completion of primary treatment was identified by Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care. Methods: We searched for existing guidelines, conducted a systematic review (medline, embase, and cdsr, January 2010 to March 2015), created draft recommendations, and completed a comprehensive review process. Outcomes included overall survival, quality of life, and patient preferences. Results: The Cancer Australia guidance document Follow Up of Women with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer was adapted for the Ontario context. A key randomized controlled trial found that the overall survival rate did not differ between asymptomatic women who received early treatment based on elevated serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) alone and women who waited for the appearance of clinical symptoms before initiating treatment (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 1.20; p = 0.85); in addition, patients in the delayed treatment group reported good global health scores for longer. No randomized studies were found for other types of follow-up. We recommend that survivors be made aware of the potential harms and benefits of surveillance, including a discussion of the limitations of CA125 testing. Women could be offered the option of no formal follow-up or a follow-up schedule that is agreed upon by the woman and her health care provider. Education about the most common symptoms of recurrence should be provided. Alternative models of care such as nurse-led or telephone-based follow-up (or both) could be emerging options. Conclusions: The recommendations provided in this guidance document have a limited evidence base. Recommendations should be updated as further information becomes available.
Survivorship Care Plans for People with Colorectal Cancer: Do They Reflect the Research Evidence?
Authors: D’Souza V. , Daudt H. , Kazanjian A.
Published: October 2016

Aim: In the present study, we synthesized the published literature about the psychosocial aspects of colorectal cancer (crc) survivorship to support an update of the evidentiary base of the survivorship care plans (scps) created in our jurisdiction. Methods: The psychosocial topics identified in the crc scps created by two different initiatives in our province were used as search criteria: quality of life (qol), sexual function, fatigue, and lifestyle behaviors. An umbrella review was conducted to retrieve the best possible evidence. Only reviews that investigated the intended outcomes in crc survivors and those with moderate-to-high methodologic quality scores were included. Results: Of 462 retrieved reports, eight reviews met the inclusion criteria for the synthesis. Of those eight, six investigated the challenges of crc survivors and two investigated the effect of physical activity on survivor well-being. Our results indicate that emotional and physical challenges are common in crc survivors and that physical activity is associated with clinically important benefits for the fatigue and physical functioning of crc survivors. Conclusions: Our study findings update the evidence and indicate that existing scps in our province concerning the physical and emotional challenges of crc survivors reflect the evidence at the time of their issue. However, the literature concerning cancer risks specific to crc survivors is lacking. Although systematic reviews are considered to be the “gold standard” in knowledge synthesis, our findings suggest that much remains to be done in the area of synthesis research to better guide practice in cancer survivorship.
Do Acronyms Belong in the Medical Literature? A Countercurrents Seriesa
Authors: Narod S.A. , Ahmed H. , Akbari M.R.
Published: October 2016

After controlling for ds, rd, an interaction term for ds/cs, [...]
Clinical Surveillance Compared with Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Surveillance for Brain Metastasis: A Feasibility Survey
Authors: Yiu K.C.Y. , Greenspoon J.N.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: After stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases, patients are routinely monitored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The high rate of new brain metastases after SRS treatment alone might not be as concerning with modern MRI and target localization treatment. Intensive surveillance might induce anxiety, lowering the patient’s quality of life (QOL). The present work is the feasibility component of a prospective study evaluating the role of surveillance MRI on QOL in patients with limited (1–3) brain metastases. Methods: Patients with limited brain metastases treated with SRS alone, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, and documented stability in treated lesions, with no new lesions seen on MRI at weeks 6–10 after SRS, were eligible. All were asked about their interest in participating in the control (MRI and clinical surveillance) or the experimental arm (symptom-directed MRI and clinical surveillance). If 33% or more agreed to participate in the experimental arm, it would be considered feasible to conduct the prospective study. Results: From November 2014 to July 2015, 45% of patients (10 of 22) agreed to participate in the experimental arm. Subgroup analyses found that the decision to participate has no statistically significant association with time of presentation (p = 0.696), display of symptoms (p = 0.840), age (p = 0.135), or number of lesions (p = 0.171). Conclusions: Results show that it is feasible to conduct the prospective cohort study. Because of the small sample size, we are limited in the conclusions able to be drawn in the subgroup analyses. However, the future study would allow for a better understanding of the attitudes of patients toward mri and its effect on qol.
Follow-Up Care for Survivors of Lymphoma Who Have Received Curative-Intent Treatment
Authors: Sussman J. , Varela N.P. , Cheung M. , Hicks L. , Kraftcheck D. , Mandel J. , Fraser G. , Jimenez-Juan L. , Boudreau A. , Sajkowski S. , McQuillan R.
Published: October 2016

Objective: This evidence summary set out to assess the available evidence about the follow-up of asymptomatic survivors of lymphoma who have received curative-intent treatment. Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for evidence published between 2000 and August 2015 relating to lymphoma survivorship follow-up. The evidence summary was developed by a Working Group at the request of the Cancer Care Ontario Survivorship and Cancer Imaging programs because of the absence of evidence-based practice documents in Ontario for the follow-up and surveillance of asymptomatic patients with lymphoma in complete remission. Results: Eleven retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. The proportion of relapses initially detected by clinical manifestations ranged from 13% to 78%; for relapses initially detected by imaging, the proportion ranged from 8% to 46%. Median time for relapse detection ranged from 8.6 to 19 months for patients initially suspected because of imaging and from 8.6 to 33 months for those initially suspected because of clinical manifestations. Only one study reported significantly earlier relapse detection for patients initially suspected because of clinical manifestations (mean: 4.5 months vs. 6.0 months, p = 0.042). No benefit in terms of overall survival was observed for patients depending on whether their relapse was initially detected because of clinical manifestations or surveillance imaging. Findings in the present study support the importance of improving awareness on the part of survivors and clinicians about the symptoms that might be associated with recurrence. The evidence does not support routine imaging for improving outcomes in this patient population.
When Impatience Is a Virtue
Authors: Mills N.
Published: October 2016

There can be few paradoxes quite like the life and death of the former mayor of Toronto, Rob Ford[...]
Isosorbide and dimethyl carbonate: a green match
Authors: Aricò Fabio , Tundo Pietro
Published: October 2016

In this review the reactivity of the bio-based platform compounds D-sorbitol and isosorbide with green reagents and solvent dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is reported. Dehydration of D-sorbitol via DMC in the presence of catalytic amounts of base is an efficient and viable process for the preparation of the industrially relevant anhydro sugar isosorbide. This procedure is “chlorine-free”, one-pot, environmental friendly and high yielding. The reactivity of isosorbide with DMC is equally interesting as it can lead to the formation of dicarboxymethyl isosorbide, a potential monomer for isosorbide-based polycarbonate, and dimethyl isosorbide, a high boiling green solvent. The peculiar reactivity of isosorbide and the non-toxic properties of DMC represent indeed a green match leading to several industrial appealing potential applications.
DISCOVERY OF A GAS GIANT PLANET IN MICROLENSING EVENT OGLE-2014-BLG-1760
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Bennett D. P. , Bond I. A. , Sumi T. , Udalski A. , Street R. , Tsapras Y. , Abe F. , Freeman M. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Rattenbury N. , Saito T. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. ,   (MOA Collaboration), Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Mróz P. , Kozlowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Wyrzykowski L. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Bachelet E. , Bramich D. M. , D’Ago G. , Dominik M. , Jaimes R. Figuera , Horne K. , Hundertmark M. , Kains N. , Menzies J. , Schmidt R. , Snodgrass C. , Steele I. A. , Wambsganss J. ,   (ROBONET Collaboration)
Published: October 2016

We present the analysis of the planetary microlensing event OGLE-2014-BLG-1760, which shows a strong light-curve signal due to the presence of a Jupiter mass ratio planet. One unusual feature of this event is that the source star is quite blue, with

. This is marginally consistent with a source star in the Galactic bulge, but it could possibly indicate a young source star on the far side of the disk. Assuming a bulge source, we perform a Bayesian analysis assuming a standard Galactic model, and this indicates that the planetary system resides in or near the Galactic bulge at

. It also indicates a host-star mass of

, a planet mass of

, and a projected star–planet separation of

au. The lens–source relative proper motion is

mas yr−1. The lens (and stellar host star) is estimated to be very faint compared to the source star, so it is most likely that it can be detected only when the lens and source stars start to separate. Due to the relatively high relative proper motion, the lens and source will be resolved to about ∼46 mas in 6–8 yr after the peak magnification. So, by 2020–2022, we can hope to detect the lens star with deep, high-resolution images.
THE K2-ESPRINT PROJECT. V. A SHORT-PERIOD GIANT PLANET ORBITING A SUBGIANT STAR*
Authors: Van Eylen Vincent , Albrecht Simon , Gandolfi Davide , Dai Fei , Winn Joshua N. , Hirano Teriyuki , Narita Norio , Bruntt Hans , Prieto-Arranz Jorge , Béjar Víctor J. S. , Nowak Grzegorz , Lund Mikkel N. , Palle Enric , Ribas Ignasi , Sanchis-Ojeda Roberto , Yu Liang , Arriagada Pamela , Butler R. Paul , Crane Jeffrey D. , Handberg Rasmus , Deeg Hans , Jessen-Hansen Jens , Johnson John A. , Nespral David , Rogers Leslie , Ryu Tsuguru , Shectman Stephen , Shrotriya Tushar , Slumstrup Ditte , Takeda Yoichi , Teske Johanna , Thompson Ian , Vanderburg Andrew , Wittenmyer Robert
Published: October 2016

We report on the discovery and characterization of the transiting planet K2-39b (EPIC 206247743b). With an orbital period of 4.6 days, it is the shortest-period planet orbiting a subgiant star known to date. Such planets are rare, with only a handful of known cases. The reason for this is poorly understood but may reflect differences in planet occurrence around the relatively high-mass stars that have been surveyed, or may be the result of tidal destruction of such planets. K2-39 (EPIC 206247743) is an evolved star with a spectroscopically derived stellar radius and mass of

and

, respectively, and a very close-in transiting planet, with

. Radial velocity (RV) follow-up using the HARPS, FIES, and PFS instruments leads to a planetary mass of

. In combination with a radius measurement of

, this results in a mean planetary density of

g cm−3. We furthermore discover a long-term RV trend, which may be caused by a long-period planet or stellar companion. Because K2-39b has a short orbital period, its existence makes it seem unlikely that tidal destruction is wholly responsible for the differences in planet populations around subgiant and main-sequence stars. Future monitoring of the transits of this system may enable the detection of period decay and constrain the tidal dissipation rates of subgiant stars.
UBIQUITOUS GIANT Lyα NEBULAE AROUND THE BRIGHTEST QUASARS AT z ∼ 3.5 REVEALED WITH MUSE∗
Authors: Borisova Elena , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Lilly Simon J. , Marino Raffaella A. , Gallego Sofia G. , Bacon Roland , Blaizot Jeremy , Bouché Nicolas , Brinchmann Jarle , Carollo C. Marcella , Caruana Joseph , Finley Hayley , Herenz Edmund C. , Richard Johan , Schaye Joop , Straka Lorrie A. , Turner Monica L. , Urrutia Tanya , Verhamme Anne , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: October 2016

Direct Lyα imaging of intergalactic gas at

has recently revealed giant cosmological structures around quasars, e.g., the Slug Nebula. Despite their high luminosity, the detection rate of such systems in narrow-band and spectroscopic surveys is less than 10%, possibly encoding crucial information on the distribution of gas around quasars and the quasar emission properties. In this study, we use the MUSE integral-field instrument to perform a blind survey for giant

nebulae around 17 bright radio-quiet quasars at

that does not suffer from most of the limitations of previous surveys. After data reduction and analysis performed with specifically developed tools, we found that each quasar is surrounded by giant

nebulae with projected sizes larger than 100 physical kiloparsecs and, in some cases, extending up to 320 kpc. The circularly averaged surface brightness profiles of the nebulae appear to be very similar to each other despite their different morphologies and are consistent with power laws with slopes 

. The similarity between the properties of all these nebulae and the Slug Nebula suggests a similar origin for all systems and that a large fraction of gas around bright quasars could be in a relatively “cold” (T ∼ 104 K) and dense phase. In addition, our results imply that such gas is ubiquitous within at least 50 kpc from bright quasars at

independently of the quasar emission opening angle, or extending up to 200 kpc for quasar isotropic emission.
DETAILED ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS OF A METAL-POOR GIANT IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Ryde N. , Fritz T. K. , Rich R. M. , Thorsbro B. , Schultheis M. , Origlia L. , Chatzopoulos S.
Published: October 2016

We report the first results from our program to examine the metallicity distribution of the Milky Way nuclear star cluster connected to Sgr A*, with the goal of inferring the star formation and enrichment history of this system, as well as its connection and relationship with the central 100 pc of the bulge/bar system. We present the first high-resolution (R ∼ 24,000), detailed abundance analysis of a K = 10.2 metal-poor, alpha-enhanced red giant projected at 1.5 pc from the Galactic center, using NIRSPEC on Keck II. A careful analysis of the dynamics and color of the star locates it at about

pc line-of-sight distance in front of the nuclear cluster. It probably belongs to one of the nuclear components (cluster or disk), not to the bar/bulge or classical disk. A detailed spectroscopic synthesis, using a new line list in the K band, finds [Fe/H] ∼ −1.0 and [α/Fe] ∼ +0.4, consistent with stars of similar metallicity in the bulge. As known giants with comparable [Fe/H] and alpha enhancement are old, we conclude that this star is most likely to be a representative of the ∼10 Gyr old population. This is also the most metal-poor-confirmed red giant yet discovered in the vicinity of the nuclear cluster of the Galactic center. We consider recent reports in the literature of a surprisingly large number of metal-poor giants in the Galactic center, but the reported gravity of

for these stars calls into question their reported metallicities.
SOLVING THE 56Ni PUZZLE OF MAGNETAR-POWERED BROAD-LINED TYPE IC SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Wang Ling-Jun , Han Yan-Hui , Xu Dong , Wang Shan-Qin , Dai Zi-Gao , Wu Xue-Feng , Wei Jian-Yan
Published: October 2016

Broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) are of great importance because their association with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) holds the key to deciphering the central engine of LGRBs, which refrains from being unveiled despite decades of investigation. Among the two popularly hypothesized types of central engine, i.e., black holes and strongly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars), there is mounting evidence that the central engine of GRB-associated SNe (GRB-SNe) is rapidly rotating magnetars. Theoretical analysis also suggests that magnetars could be the central engine of SNe Ic-BL. What puzzled the researchers is the fact that light-curve modeling indicates that as much as

of 56Ni was synthesized during the explosion of the SNe Ic-BL, which is unfortunately in direct conflict with current state-of-the-art understanding of magnetar-powered 56Ni synthesis. Here we propose a dynamic model of magnetar-powered SNe to take into account the acceleration of the ejecta by the magnetar, as well as the thermalization of the injected energy. Assuming that the SN kinetic energy comes exclusively from the magnetar acceleration, we find that although a major fraction of the rotational energy of the magnetar is to accelerate the SN ejecta, a tiny fraction of this energy deposited as thermal energy of the ejecta is enough to reduce the needed 56Ni to 0.06 M
⊙ for both SN 1997ef and SN 2007ru. We therefore suggest that magnetars could power SNe Ic-BL in aspects both of energetics and of 56Ni synthesis.
SUNQUAKE GENERATION BY CORONAL MAGNETIC RESTRUCTURING
Authors: Russell A. J. B. , Mooney M. K. , Leake J. E. , Hudson H. S.
Published: October 2016

Sunquakes are the surface signatures of acoustic waves in the Sun’s interior that are produced by some but not all flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This paper explores a mechanism for sunquake generation by the changes in magnetic field that occur during flares and CMEs, using MHD simulations with a semiempirical FAL-C atmosphere to demonstrate the generation of acoustic waves in the interior in response to changing magnetic tilt in the corona. We find that Alfvén–sound resonance combined with the ponderomotive force produces acoustic waves in the interior with sufficient energy to match sunquake observations when the magnetic field angle changes of the order of 10° in a region where the coronal field strength is a few hundred gauss or more. The most energetic sunquakes are produced when the coronal field is strong, while the variation of magnetic field strength with height and the timescale of the change in tilt are of secondary importance.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE LENSED QUASAR Q2237+0305 WITH CANARICAM AT GTC
Authors: Vives-Arias H. , Muñoz J. A. , Kochanek C. S. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J.
Published: October 2016

We present new mid-IR observations of the quadruply lensed quasar Q2237+0305 taken with CanariCam on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. Mid-IR emission by hot dust, unlike the optical and near-IR emission from the accretion disk, is unaffected by the interstellar medium (extinction/scattering) or stellar microlensing. We compare these “true” ratios to the (stellar) microlensed flux ratios observed in the optical/near-IR to constrain the structure of the quasar accretion disk. We find a half-light radius of

lt-day at

and an exponent for the temperature profile

of

, where

for a standard thin-disk model. If we assume that the differences in the mid-IR flux ratios measured over the years are due to microlensing variability, we find a lower limit for the size of the mid-IR-emitting region of

lt-day. We also test for the presence of substructure/satellites by comparing the observed mid-IR flux ratios with those predicted from smooth lens models. We can explain the differences if the surface density fraction in satellites near the lensed images is

for a singular isothermal ellipsoid plus external shear mass model or

for a mass model combining ellipsoidal NFW and de Vaucouleurs profiles in an external shear.
A MAGNETIC RIBBON MODEL FOR STAR-FORMING FILAMENTS
Authors: Auddy Sayantan , Basu Shantanu , Kudoh Takahiro
Published: October 2016

We develop a magnetic ribbon model for molecular cloud filaments. These result from turbulent compression in a molecular cloud in which the background magnetic field sets a preferred direction. We argue that this is a natural model for filaments and is based on the interplay between turbulence, strong magnetic fields, and gravitationally driven ambipolar diffusion, rather than pure gravity and thermal pressure. An analytic model for the formation of magnetic ribbons that is based on numerical simulations is used to derive a lateral width of a magnetic ribbon. This differs from the thickness along the magnetic field direction, which is essentially the Jeans scale. We use our model to calculate a synthetic observed relation between apparent width in projection versus observed column density. The relationship is relatively flat, similar to observations, and unlike the simple expectation based on a Jeans length argument.
NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATORS FOR INCOMPLETE SURVEYS
Authors: Caditz David M.
Published: October 2016

Nonparametric estimators, such as the

estimator and the

estimator, have been applied extensively to estimate luminosity functions (LFs) of astronomical sources from complete, truncated survey data sets. Application of such estimators to incomplete data sets typically requires further truncation of data, separation into subsets of constant completeness, and/or correction for incompleteness-induced bias. In this paper, we derive generalizations of the above estimators designed for use with incomplete, truncated data sets. We compare these generalized nonparametric estimators, investigate some of their simple statistical properties, and validate them using Monte Carlo simulation methods. We apply a nonparametric estimator to data obtained from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey to estimate the QSO LF for redshifts

.
SEARCHING FOR THE 3.5 keV LINE IN THE STACKED SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Bulbul Esra , Markevitch Maxim , Foster Adam , Miller Eric , Bautz Mark , Loewenstein Mike , Randall Scott W. , Smith Randall K.
Published: October 2016

We perform a detailed study of the stacked Suzaku observations of 47 galaxy clusters, spanning a redshift range of 0.01–0.45, to search for the unidentified 3.5 keV line. This sample provides an independent test for the previously detected line. We detect a

-significant spectral feature at 3.5 keV in the spectrum of the full sample. When the sample is divided into two subsamples (cool-core and non-cool core clusters), the cool-core subsample shows no statistically significant positive residuals at the line energy. A very weak (

confidence) spectral feature at 3.5 keV is permitted by the data from the non-cool-core clusters sample. The upper limit on a neutrino decay mixing angle of

from the full Suzaku sample is consistent with the previous detections in the stacked XMM-Newton sample of galaxy clusters (which had a higher statistical sensitivity to faint lines), M31, and Galactic center, at a 90% confidence level. However, the constraint from the present sample, which does not include the Perseus cluster, is in tension with previously reported line flux observed in the core of the Perseus cluster with XMM-Newton and Suzaku.
STELLAR MAGNETIC CYCLES IN THE SOLAR-LIKE STARS KEPLER-17 AND KEPLER-63
Authors: Estrela Raissa , Valio Adriana
Published: October 2016

The stellar magnetic field plays a crucial role in the star internal mechanisms, as in the interactions with its environment. The study of starspots provides information about the stellar magnetic field and can characterize the cycle. Moreover, the analysis of solar-type stars is also useful to shed light onto the origin of the solar magnetic field. The objective of this work is to characterize the magnetic activity of stars. Here, we studied two solar-type stars, Kepler-17 and Kepler-63, using two methods to estimate the magnetic cycle length. The first one characterizes the spots (radius, intensity, and location) by fitting the small variations in the light curve of a star caused by the occultation of a spot during a planetary transit. This approach yields the number of spots present in the stellar surface and the flux deficit subtracted from the star by their presence during each transit. The second method estimates the activity from the excess in the residuals of the transit light curves. This excess is obtained by subtracting a spotless model transit from the light curve and then integrating all the residuals during the transit. The presence of long-term periodicity is estimated in both time series. With the first method, we obtained P
cycle = 1.12 ± 0.16 year (Kepler-17) and P
cycle = 1.27 ± 0.16 year (Kepler-63), and for the second approach the values are 1.35 ± 0.27 year and 1.27 ± 0.12 year, respectively. The results of both methods agree with each other and confirm their robustness.
« Faire la cuisine » : approche socio-représentationnelle et distance à l’objet
Authors: Boussoco Julie , Dany Lionel , Giboreau Agnès , Urdapilleta Isabel
Published: October 2016

Manger et cuisiner sont des pratiques sociales et culturelles. Tout le monde mange, mais pas les mêmes aliments, pas la même cuisine et la cuisine est un objet en cours de changement sociétal. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche s’intéresse à la représentation sociale (RS) de « Faire la cuisine » : étude de contenu (information, attitude, champ représentationnel) et ancrage psychosociologique, à travers le concept de distance à l’objet (DAO ; connaissances, implication, pratiques culinaires). Un échantillon de 420 cuisinier(e)s domestiques français(es) a effectué une tâche d’associations libres hiérarchisées et répondu à un questionnaire mesurant leur DAO. Les résultats montrent d’une part, que la RS est marquée par le modèle alimentaire Français et le contexte sociétal actuel ; d’autre part, que le contenu de la RS est en relation avec le positionnement psycho-social de chaque individu.
La logique des « paniers de crabes » dans les termes de l’analyse des systèmes complexes : un essai inspiré par Paul Diel
Authors: Mauroy Hervé
Published: October 2016

Cet article a pour objet d’expliquer la logique des rivalités excessives. Il vise à manifester l’apport en la matière d’un psychologue d’exception : Paul Diel. Cet auteur trop peu connu s’appuie en effet de manière systématique sur des raisonnements relevant de l’analyse des systèmes complexes (en termes de « boucles étranges » et de « contraires subordonnés »).
Discours psychanalytiques à propos de la sexualité - Transgression, perversion et subversion
Authors: Gratton Emmanuel
Published: October 2016

Les discours psychanalytiques sur les normes en matière de sexualité ont souvent conduit à une double opposition : une opposition entre l’approche psychanalytique de la sexualité et d’autres discours : moral, religieux, politique, social et culturel ; une opposition au sein même du champ psychanalytique entre différents courants. Cet article propose l’étude de cette deuxième controverse à partir de trois versions socio-historiques de cette question : la transgression, la perversion et la subversion. L’apparition de chacune d’entre elles fait apparaître des oppositions théoriques dans le champ de la psychanalyse qui conduisent parfois jusqu’à des scissions. Ces oppositions ne seraient-elles pas parfois le reflet de positions idéologiques et/ou traduiraient-elles la difficulté de composer avec d’autres approches ?
Une bisexualité psychique singulière à chaque maternité
Authors: Mathon-Tourné Laurence , Boisseuil Anne
Published: October 2016

Chaque maternité d’une femme est unique et suit un long processus psychique qui la transforme. Chaque maternité est l’objet d’un remaniement psychique et celui de la bisexualité psychique en est un exemple singulier. L’accès à la parentalité est un temps spécifique de l’évolution de la bisexualité psychique d’une femme et le bouleversement de cette dernière participe à singulariser chacune des maternités d’une femme. Nous proposons d’évoquer une bisexualité psychique qui n’est pas figée dans le temps, mais se transforme au cours du développement psychosexuel, évoluant notamment sous la forme d’un fantasme de complétude. Deux cas cliniques viendront expliciter les positions adoptées dans cet article.
Destins de la sexualité dans la thérapie psychanalytique de couple
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: October 2016

Aujourd’hui, le thérapeute psychanalytique de couple ( tpc ) ne se réfère que rarement dans sa pratique au sexuel et à la sexualité. L’auteur étudie cette évolution en proposant deux hypothèses. Les orientations théoriques les plus répandues parmi les tpc auraient-elles une influence sur la difficulté à intégrer le sexuel et les troubles sexuels du couple dans l’analyse des cas ? La spécificité de ce cadre, un couple/un analyste, n’y joue-t-elle pas un certain rôle ? L’auteur rappelle le travail d’auto-analyse du thérapeute en soulignant que pour comprendre les dynamismes en jeu on doit entendre le cadre comme développant un espace psychique inédit, un chaudron néogroupal. Trois exemples cliniques illustrent ces idées.
Dans l’intimité d’un service de néonatologie
Authors: Huguier Stéphanie , Moulin Géraldine
Published: October 2016

La séparation imposée par la prématurité ou la maladie d’un nouveau-né est potentiellement traumatique pour les parents contraints de rencontrer leur bébé au sein du service de néonatologie sous le regard permanent des soignants, des autres parents, coupés de leur groupe familial. Cet article analyse d’abord les effets délétères de l’inversion des valeurs des espaces intimes ou publics sur la parentalité naissante. Les auteures ont proposé au sein de la salle de néonatologie un temps de rencontre entre parents pour les soutenir dans la création du lien avec leur bébé et de leur identité parentale. À l’appui de vignettes cliniques, elles tentent de montrer que ce dispositif groupal in situ restaure une illusion d’intimité et de communauté sociale permettant aux parents de négocier les paradoxes psychiques liés à l’état de prématurité et à la séparation contrainte d’avec leur bébé.
Gestionnaire d’un commerce de détail et professionnel du médicament : deux rôles, une tension ?
Authors: Reyes Grégory
Published: October 2016

Il n’est plus rare aujourd’hui de voir une officine pharmaceutique fermer ses portes. Ce commerce autrefois prospère au sein du canal de distribution du médicament est en pleine mutation. Si le pharmacien titulaire d’officine a toujours bénéficié d’un monopole sur la délivrance du médicament, il reste très inquiet quant à l’avenir de son métier. Il a la particularité d’avoir un double statut : santé et commerce. C’est un professionnel de santé investi d’une mission de santé publique mais c’est également un commerçant qui pour subsister doit assurer la rentabilité de son entreprise. Dès lors, deux rôles professionnels sont assumés pour exercer ce métier. Le pharmacien titulaire est un expert du médicament et il est également le gestionnaire d’un commerce de distribution. Les récents bouleversements de son marché ont quelque peu déréglé l’équilibre entre ces deux rôles en faisant apparaître des tensions. En analysant la tension des rôles professionnels, cet article propose une réflexion sur l’évolution du métier de pharmacien titulaire français. Dix-sept titulaires et leurs officines sont analysés pour étudier la façon dont ils gèrent ce double rôle professionnel. Les conclusions de cette étude montrent que la réponse aux doutes actuels du pharmacien sur l’avenir de son métier peut être trouvée dans une étude des rôles professionnels. Deux scénarios prospectifs sont proposés pour apaiser cette tension.
La formation et la violation du contrat psychologique : quels processus cognitifs ?
Authors: Gardody Jérôme
Published: October 2016

Cette recherche propose d’enrichir la littérature relative au contrat psychologique : les processus cognitifs qui sous-tendent la formation et la violation des obligations réciproques. Ainsi, suivant une démarche qualitative de type théorisation ancrée nuancée et sur la base de 42 entretiens semi-directifs, nos données empiriques présentent trois principales contributions conceptuelles. Premièrement, les résultats montrent que le processus sociocognitif à l’origine de la formation des contrats psychologiques (Rousseau, 1995), par les subordonnés, se décline en trois configurations différentes selon la nature des engagements organisationnels perçus. Nous faisons ici référence aux processus d’adaptation déterminés (1) par les messages organisationnels et (2) par les croyances présupposées ainsi qu’au (3) processus d’adaptation hybride. Deuxièmement, nos données permettent de distinguer que les dimensions d’évaluations activées dans le cadre du processus de formation des états de violation varient selon la nature des émotions. Enfin, troisièmement, nos contributions explicitent, de manière détaillée et séquencée, le processus à travers lequel les émotions de violation activent et déterminent des typologies de réactions attitudinales puis comportementales qui leur sont propres. Ce processus « implicationnel » contingent et idiosyncratique repose, plus précisément, sur l’influence de deux facteurs : les tendances à l’action et les évaluations post-tendances. A la lumière des connaissances produites, nous proposons aux managers une série d’interventions leur permettant de gérer de manière proactive les obligations réciproques et les états de violation de leurs subordonnés. En ce sens, nous incitons à une meilleure maîtrise des processus de formation des contrats psychologiques ainsi qu’à une intervention au niveau des dimensions constituant les évaluations post-ruptures.
L’émergence de la RSE dans une association de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire
Authors: Salameh Bchara Nahla , Dubruc Nadine , Berger-Douce Sandrine
Published: October 2016

La Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises (RSE) fait partie intégrante des organisations de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS). Pour autant, certaines d’entre elles jugent pertinent d’intégrer la RSE dans leurs orientations stratégiques. Nous proposons dans cet article d’analyser l’évolution lexicale des discours stratégiques lors de l’introduction de la RSE dans une association de l’ESS. Nous procédons ainsi à l’analyse du contenu de deux projets associatifs (2008 et 2015) de l’association AIMCP Loire par le logiciel Alceste, en appui de verbatim du directeur général lors de plusieurs événements. Les résultats offrent des perspectives sur l’identification des parties prenantes mobilisées et des axes privilégiés pour la responsabilité sociale des organisations dans un projet stratégique associatif.