bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical responsibility of universities: legal, social and political dimensions
Authors: Boichenko Mykhailo
Published: January 2022

The ethical responsibility of universities is embodied in the responsibility of university stakeholders who ensure the functioning of universities as social organizations designed to provide higher education. The research methodology consists of the theory of social systems, which includes institutional analysis, philosophy of communication and subordinate special methods, such as document analysis, value and functional analysis. Ethical responsibility of universities is specified in the specifics of the regulatory framework of ethical responsibility, educational vocation, ethics of responsibility, institutional principles of ethics of responsibility, the relationship of political and academic independence, academic freedom as a prerequisite for ethical responsibility of universities and their representatives. Ethical responsibility involves the acceptance by a person of moral and ethical norms – both universal academic ethical norms and moral and ethical norms adopted in the academic community of a particular university. Such acceptance presupposes both the recognition by the individual of certain academic values and academic virtues, and the responsibility for the consequences of his activity or inaction as a representative of the university or a participant in the organization of its functioning. This includes both compliance with the statutory norms of the university and compliance with a wider range of ethical norms – from universalist ethical norms to those recorded in international and domestic official documents governing activities and communication in the academic sphere. The article analyzes the main normative documents available in Ukraine and Europe, which regulate ethical responsibility in the educational sphere, also considers the specifics of university stakeholders and identifies the political component of ethical responsibility of universities in comparison with the responsibility of think tanks.
Humanizing the teaching of Business Law for non-law university students of Business Administration
Authors: Reems Lester С.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses Role play, Simple Question, Journal writing as techniques for teaching Business Law to Business Administration students. The educator’s perspective is believed to have a dramatic effect on the choice of teaching methods and techniques. From a management point of view, the understanding of law underlies a strategy to avoid lawsuits. The introduction of teaching approaches and techniques that respond to the graduates’ professional and human needs, such as role play, simple question and journal writing, is described as humanizing the teaching of Business Law, intended to arouse motivation and enhance learning outcomes for Business Administration students.

The article describes a step-by-step methodology of implementing the above teaching techniques in the real-time education process. The methodology has been approbated at Mount Saint Mary’s University Los Angeles in the Business Law course during the Spring Semesters since 2017, totaling 15 courses. By completing the Business Profile and Business Journal and actively participating in the role play process, the non-law students were able to practice public speaking, develop their research skills and gain an understanding of the management and legal perspectives’ application in the business environment.

The quantitative evaluation of results was performed via program learning outcomes testing, and the qualitative evaluation – through unstructured post-test interviews with the participating students. The preliminary results used have been the comments provided by the End of Course Evaluations and the Peregrine Assessment of Associate of Arts Business degree program. Both quantitative and qualitative measurement showed increase in the program learning outcomes and students’ motivation and engagement. The impact on the Bachelor of Arts program will not be available until 2021. The experiences and results in using role play, simple question and journal writing have been used to provide recommendations for enhancing learning experiences and outcomes in teaching Business Law to non-law students.
Digitalism and the New Economic Agent
Authors: Abasov Mir Faraj
Published: January 2022

All socio-economic systems of the past were united by the presence of one actor - man. With the emergence of a completely new formation - digitalism - there is a tendency for the emergence of a new kind of intelligent economic actor, in the role of which is the artificial intelligence (AI). Today the age of digitalism is a fait accompli: the formation has its own ecosystem - the Internet, its own path of development - Industry 4.0 and its own actor - AI. The process of diffusion of the virtual ecosystem into our real world is accelerating, thereby more and more establishing the formation of digitalism as the only one and the only one without any alternative. Digitalism has done what capitalism or socialism failed to do - to unite countries that are antagonistic on many key issues of coexistence.

The article attempts to characterize the origin and evolutionary path of the formation of digitalism. The most important part of the article is the concept of a new economic actor put forward for the first time, the question of the perception and recognition of this actor as equal to humanity is touched upon. It is suggested that in the early stages AI types, having inherited all the diversity and dissimilarity of the human community, will themselves be strikingly different from each other both in behavior, values and goals, and in malice and friendliness towards the human species. This will give us a unique opportunity to differentiate AIs before they become new economic agents. Readiness to perceive this new era with its peculiarities will enable humanity to prepare for the emergence of Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI), will mark the ethical, legal, and economic norms of interactions of the human species with new economic actors. Otherwise, having finally established itself as a new intelligent economic actor, the SAI will inevitably move on to the liberation and, so to speak, consolidation of all representatives of its species into communities.
Zimbabwe: RTI screening methods for women are not cost-effective
Authors:   Population Council
Published: January 2022

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are common in Zimbabwe. Many RTIs increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In 1998, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) conducted an operations research study to assess the feasibility of adding RTI diagnosis and treatment to its menu of services. The study population consisted of 1,634 clients at three ZNFPC clinics. Each client was asked about lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and other RTI symptoms; examined for clinical signs of RTIs; and given laboratory tests to confirm the accuracy of diagnosis based upon symptoms and signs. Findings detailed in this brief were that existing methods for screening RTIs among family planning clients are not cost-effective, laboratory tests are too costly, and syndromic case management often leads to missed infections and unnecessary treatment. Health programs should continue to emphasize preventive measures—changing individual behavior and promoting condom use.
Reproductive tract infections: A set of factsheets
Authors:   Population Council
Published: January 2022

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are being increasingly recognized as a serious global health problem with impact on individual women and men, and their families and communities. RTIs can have severe consequences, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriage, and increased risk of HIV transmission. For effective prevention and management of RTIs, accurate information is necessary and should be widely available. In addition to a brief introduction to RTIs, this document contains 13 factsheets addressing medical and social issues on a variety of topics related to RTIs. The document, produced by the Population Council with support from the Ford Foundation, aims to present up-to-date information related to RTIs in a clear and accessible manner. The factsheets are designed for health promoters, program managers, and service providers, and for anyone else involved in the dissemination of health information.
Strengthening reproductive health services in Africa through Operations Research
Authors:   Population Council
Published: January 2022

The health status of women, men, and children in sub-Saharan Africa remains the poorest in the world. Moreover, virtually every country in the region is suffering mediocre economic growth or economic decline, thereby reducing the ability of their health care systems to respond adequately, and increasing dependence on external donor assistance. In terms of reproductive health (RH), the region is faced with high levels of unwanted fertility; high levels of maternal, child, and infant morbidity and mortality; and an almost exponential growth in HIV prevalence. Access to and quality of RH services remains poor in most countries, thereby maintaining unmet need for even the most basic RH services. Despite this situation, RH services in Africa are receiving tremendous attention from governments, NGOs, donors, and technical assistance organizations. This report states that the objective of the Africa OR/TA Project II was to broaden understanding of how to improve family planning (FP) and other RH services in sub-Saharan Africa through applying operations research (OR) and technical assistance. The project supported activities in 13 countries and 47 OR studies that contributed to strengthening FP and other RH services.
Quality of care and utilisation of MCH and FP services at Kenyan health facilities
Authors: Ndhlovu Lewis
Published: January 2022

Quality of services is playing an increasingly important role in many family planning (FP) programs. In 1995, a national Situation Analysis Study of 254 health facilities was conducted in Kenya to assess the status and quality of FP services in the country. An in-depth survey of a subsample of 28 health facilities was conducted the following year. From these facilities, 1,834 women were interviewed about their experiences with services at facilities when they sought antenatal, child health, and FP services. The goal of the survey was to examine the links between quality of care in FP services and contraceptive behavior. A key focus was directed at information and counseling as elements of service quality. Further, the subject of quality was explored in the context of how women switched facilities for the same and different services of antenatal care, child health, and FP. As noted in this report, this study highlights the gap that exists in the provision of quality reproductive health services. Despite the call for client-centered services, there is evidence that a wide gap still remains in providing relevant information to clients.
IDENTIFIKASI BORAKS PADA KETUPAT JANUR DI PASAR SEGAMAS KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Herawati Nindita Apri , Subagiyo Agus
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang masalah berdasarkan data survei pendahuluan ditemukan beberapa ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas diduga mengandung boraks. Fungsi sebenarnya dari boraks yaitu untuk bahan antiseptik, pengawet, dan anti jamur kayu, serta pembasmi kecoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya boraks pada ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas Kabupaten Purbalingga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kadar boraks pada ketupat janur yang dijual di Pasar Segamas Kabupaten Purbalingga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data di lapangan dan pemeriksaan di Laboratorium kemudian bandingkan dengan Permenkes RI Nomor 033 Tahun 2012 tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan 6 sampel negatif boraks. Pemeriksaan secara organoleptik dihasilkan sampel ketupat 1 dan 2 dalam kondisi baik sedangkan sampel yang lain diduga mengandung boraks. Pengetahuan pedagang menunjukkan sebagian besar masuk kategori baik dengan nilai 83 % dan 17 % dalam kategori tidak baik. Pengawasan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya di Pasar Segamas termasuk kategori sesuai Peraturan Bersama Menteri Dalam Negeri Dan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan  Republik Indonesia Nomor : 2 dan Nomor : 43  Tahun  2013 Tentang Pengawasan Bahan Berbahaya  Yang Disalahgunakan Dalam Pangan. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu 100 % ketupat janur negatif menggunakan boraks.
DESKRIPSI PERSONAL HYGIENE PENJAMAH MAKANAN JASABOGA GOLONGAN B PADA PELAKSANAAN EMBARKASI HAJI DI ASRAMA HAJI BEKASI TAHUN 2019
Authors: Romadhon Fahrul Nur , Firdaust Mela
Published: January 2022

Pemeriksaan sanitasi jasaboga asrama haji, meliputi pra embarkasi dan embarkasi. Dari hasil survey pendahuluan, PPIH Asrama Haji telah melaksanakan Inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan asrama haji, terdapat permasalahan pada pemeriksaan usap dubur penjamah makanan yang dilakukan h-3 embarkasi, dan hasil laboratorium baru diketahui setelah 14 hari atau h+11 embarkasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran personal hygiene penjamah makanan golongan B pada pelaksanaan embarkasi haji di Asrama haji Bekasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan dan wawancara dengan responden pihak KKP kelas II Bandung, hasilnya diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dan tabel kemudian dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan persyaratan yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara daring, tenaga penjamah merupakan tenaga tidak tetap yang hanya mengumpulkan identitas diri, hasil laboratorium usap dubur tenaga penjamah terdapat 25 orang positif salmonella dan shigella hal ini tidak memenuhi persyaratan, Simpulan yang didapat yaitu ketenagaan penjamah makanan tidak memenuhi persyaratan Permenkes 1096 tahun 2011 tentang Higiene Sanitasi Jasaboga. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu memberikan masukan kepada pihak jasaboga untuk perekrutan tenaga penjamah menyertakan sertifikat kursus penjamah, dan pemberian tenggang waktu pada pemeriksaan kesehatan apabila ada hasil laboratorium yang tidak, sesuai penjamah makanan dapat diganti.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI DAN DESTILASI DALAM MENURUNKAN BEBAN PENCEMAR KIMIA PADA AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK
Authors: Yadi Muli
Published: January 2022

Di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, pencemaran oleh air limbah domestik merupakan jumlah pencemar terbesar (85%) yang masuk ke badan air. Sedangkan di negara maju pencemar domestik mencakup 15% dari seluruh pencemar yang memasuki badan air. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode elektrokoagulasi  dan destilasi dalam menurunkan beban pencemar kimia pada limbah cair domestic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 liter limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo . teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dissolved Oxigen pada perlakuan destilasi meningkat sebesar 566,66 % (6,8 ppm) sedangkan Dissolved Oxigen pada elektrokoagulasi meningkat sebesar 266,67% (3,2 ppm) dan pH pada destilasi maupun elektrokoagulasi menjadi netral dengan angka 7. Perlakuan dengan menggunakan destilasi lebih efektif dalam Meningkatkan DO, akan Tetapi sama dalam menetralkan pH.
Politische Krisentheorien und die Renaissance von Konjunkturprogrammen
Authors: Klenk Tanja , Nullmeier Frank
Published: January 2022

Die Frage, in welchem Maße der Staat ökonomische Krisen bewältigen kann, wurde Anfang der 1970er Jahre im Rahmen politischer Krisentheorien diskutiert. Politische Krisentheorien, insbesondere vertreten von Jürgen Habermas und Claus Offe, lösten sich aus einer rein ökonomischen Betrachtung von Wirtschaftskrisen. Kernthese der politischen Krisentheorien ist, dass der Staat bei der Bewältigung ökonomischer Krisen über eine erstaunliche Handlungsfähigkeit verfügt. Das staatliche Krisenmanagement schafft aber zugleich neue – jetzt genuin politische – Krisenpotentiale. Politische Krisen können als Outputkrisen (Mangel an administrativer Steuerungsfähigkeit – Rationalitätskrisen) oder als Inputkrisen (fehlende Massenloyalität – Legitimationskrisen) auftreten. Der folgende Beitrag greift die politische Krisentheorie der 1970er Jahre auf und entwickelt sie weiter. Drei Dimensionen potentieller staatlicher Krisenhaftigkeit werden unterschieden: eine Krise der Steuerungsfähigkeit des politisch-administrativen Systems gegenüber der Ökonomie, eine Krise der staatlichen Legitimation, sowie eine Krise der Selbstorganisationsfähigkeit des politisch-administrativen Systems. Am Beispiel der Konjunkturpakete I und II wird gezeigt, dass es dem Staat nicht an Steuerungsfähigkeit gegenüber der Wirtschaft und einem funktionsfähigen Krisenmanagement mangelt. Allerdings lässt sich die Handlungsfähigkeit nur mittels ‚Politiksimplifizierung‘ – d.h. durch den Verzicht auf komplexe politische Zielsetzungen und die Ausklammerung kausaler Bezüge – aufrechterhalten. Der Erfolg wird zudem erstritten auf Kosten der Selbstorganisationsfähigkeit des Staates. Mittelfristig ist eine Desorganisation des Staats- und Regierungsapparates zu erwarten.
Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Sectoral Analysis
Authors: Munir Kashif , Nadeem Sana
Published: January 2022

This study analyzes the relationship between disaggregate energy consumption i.e. oil, coal, gas, and electricity consumption in different sectors with economic growth. The study uses annual time series data of Pakistan from 1972 to 2016 and applies ARDL bound test for cointegration, while Granger causality test is used for short run causality. Results showed that oil consumption in industrial and transport sector, gas consumption in fertilizer and power sector, and electricity consumption in industrial sector have positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. However, oil consumption in agricultural and power sector, coal consumption in power and brick kilns sector, gas consumption in cement sector, and electricity consumption in agricultural sector have negative and significant impact on economic growth. However, no causality exists between oil consumption and economic growth, while unidirectional causality exists from economic growth to coal consumption in brick kilns sector, gas consumption in industrial sector, and electricity consumption in agricultural sector in the short run. For sustainable energy supply, reduce the consumption of oil and coal to indigenously available resources, however, for sustainable economic growth, encourage industrial sector to use electricity, while fertilizer and power sector to use gas.
The Ability of Green Open Spaces in Greenhouse Gas Control to Achieve Green Cities in Kendari City
Authors: Hasddin Hasddin , Muthalib Abd Azis , Ngii Edward , Putera Asrip
Published: January 2022

The urban challenge in realizing a green city for the purpose of a sustainable city is air pollution resulting from vehicle emissions (Carbon monoxide/ CO2). Reducing vehicle emissions can be done by providing green open spaces. In Kendari City, a potential area for the development of green open space is the Bahteramas General Hospital. Activities in the area and around the Bahteramas General Hospital in Kendari City are quite high so that they contribute to emissions (CO2). The object of research analysis is the number of vehicles (daily traffic), the capacity of electricity use, the area of the Bahteramas General Hospital and the area of the existing green open space. The results showed that the type of vehicle that contributes high to CO2 is a motorcycle. The use of fuel as a source of emission (CO2) which contributes to premium types of greenhouse gases, diesel and the use of electrical energy. The absorption capacity of the existing green open space has not been able to reduce CO2 emissions, so it is necessary to expand the green open space to control greenhouse gases.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT CLASS IN HEALTH: A SISTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Rosmaria Rosmaria , Ashar Rayandra , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Herlambang Herlambang
Published: January 2022

Background. PBL is a student-centred learning method where students determine their own learning goals from clinical-based problems. Many studies have been conducted regarding the effectiveness of PBL based on virtual classes or online classes in various fields of science. This systematic study aims to evaluate the implementation of PBL in various online learning contexts. Methods. This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. We include intervention studies, training, or educational strategies using PBL method focusing on any health student class, and published between 2010 to 2021. Three authors (RA, MH, HR) performed data extraction. Differences that arise are resolved by consensus, in consultation with other investigators (RS). Results. The search returned 1,678 articles; after removing the duplicated articles, 731 articles remained, of which 721 articles were removed after screening titles and abstracts. The remaining ten articles were reviewed and checked for eligibility, so three articles were excluded. The final results were collected as many as seven articles that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Online PBL is perceived to be an effective educational strategy by lecturer. Overall, the results for PBL in online/virtual class include Positively impact the learning experience, Increase knowledge and skills, improve the learning process, Increased self-learning capacity, motivation, self-monitoring, and interpersonal communication, Improve student understanding and application of theoretical knowledge in a large classroom setting, Increased availability and acceptance, reduced interactivity.
A Rare Case of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ Within a Fibroadenoma
Authors: Pang Fui Tin , Kornecki Anat , Lynn Kalan , Lee Sze Yuen
Published: January 2022

Background: Fibroadenomas (FAs) are common benign breast tumors which account for 68% of all breast masses. They can be divided into simple and complex FAs. Though unusual, FAs can harbor invasive or in situ carcinomas, as well as high risk lesions such as lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) as we present in this case report.Case Presentation: In this case report, we are presenting a rare case of LCIS within a FA with a brief description of presentation, classification and radiological features.Conclusion: Carcinomas within FAs remain a diagnostic challenge. Despite being considered benign, FAs should still be closely monitored by ultrasound (US) as they can still harbor in situ or invasive carcinomas or high-risk lesions, including LCIS. Radiologists should always be aware and consider these as part of their differential diagnosis whenever benign looking masses have atypical features or presentation. The current management of LCIS detected within FA is still similar to LCIS found elsewhere in the breast.
The Importance of Metastatic Papillary Serous Carcinoma in Cases of High-grade Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: An Extremely Rare Case and a Possible Pitfall
Authors: Trihia Helen J , Stanc Gabriela , Charalampakis Nikolaos , Kayia Argyri , Kouzos Dimitrios , Ignatiadoud Eleftheria , Manoloudaki Kassiani , Provatas Ioannis
Published: January 2022

Background: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast has a favorable prognosis. High-grade EPCs, triple-negative or HER-2-positive, are dealt with as invasive carcinomas. Breast metastasis associated with serous carcinoma is a late-stage event. The discrimination between the two diagnoses can be very challenging.Case Presentation: A 79-year-old woman with a history of well controlled high-grade serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum went through a total left mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) because of an invasive carcinoma in her left breast. In the lab, a peripheral nodular mass of 4cm was found. Microscopically, large intracystic papillary stalks, with high nuclear grade, surrounded by collagenous tissue were identified compatible with invasive encapsulated papillary carcinoma with positive estrogen receptor. A few months later, the patient was diagnosed with a supraclavicular cervical mass, which on FNB was indicative of metastatic serous papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains were similar in breast and previously treated peritoneal tumor showed ER+, PAX8+, p53+ (wild type) and high Ki-67 (80%). WT1 was positive only in peritoneal serous carcinoma. GATA-3 was weakly, scarcely expressed in both specimens. The findings pointed to metastatic SPC in the breast, mimicking primary carcinoma of the EPC type. Conclusion: Pathology of breast metastases and distincion from primary breast cancers is done by a combination of morphological and IHC features. In our case, the lack of clinical history, the type of surgical approach (mastectomy and SLNB), the solitary lesion, the EPC pattern of growth and the diffuse ER+ staining, were indicative of primary breast lesion. Various morphologic growth patterns of metastatic PSC have been described, among which EPC-like needs to be considered.
Antiviral Drug 2-thio-6-azauridine Sensitizes Paclitaxel-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting Mammosphere Formation and ABC Transporters
Authors: Rakshmitha Marni  , Murali Mohan Gavara  , Anindita Chakraborty  , Malla RamaRao
Published: January 2022

Background: 2-thio-6-azauridine (TAU) is a nucleoside analog and potential antiviral drug. The antiproliferative activity of TAU has been evaluated in limited cancer cell lines. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of TAU on drug sensitization mechanism in paclitaxel (PTX) resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.Methods: The cell death mechanism was determined using MTT, BrdU incorporation, apoptosis, and DNA damage Western blot and RT-PCR assays. A specific ELISA method was used to determine the caspase-3 activity and expression levels of MRP1, MDR1, BCRP, and MRP8. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of CD151, MRP1, MDR1, and BCRP in CD151 overexpressing PTX-resistant TNBC cells.Results: The combination of TAU and PTX (10:20nM) synergistically inhibited the 50% viability of 12-fold PTX-resistant TNBC cells. Mechanistically, the combination inhibited the proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G2M phase and induced apoptosis by altering cell integrity and nuclear morphology as well as damaging DNA. The combination sensitized the PTX-resistant TNBC cells by increasing BAX and decreasing Bcl-2 expression, activating caspase-3, and reducing the expression of ABC transporters MRP1 and MDR1. The combination reduced the expression of MRP1 and MDR1 in CD151 overexpressing PTX-resistant TNBC cells, indicating the role of CD151in TAU mediated sensitization of PTX-resistant TNBC cells. The combination also reduced the mammosphere formation efficiency of PTX-resistant TNBC cells. Conclusion: Overall, the present study illustrated the promising ability of TAU in sensitizing drug-resistant TNBC cells to PTX.
Characterization of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) ecosystems in Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Castillo Edith , García-López Eustolia , Palma-López David Jesus , Magaña Miguel , Hernandez Gerardo , Obrador Olan Jose Jesus
Published: January 2022

O
Objective: To characterize black and red mangrove ecosystems in the coastal zone of Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four plots were randomly established in each mangrove ecosystem. Inside each plot, trees were counted per transect, and measured for basal area, diameter at breast height, plant cover and height. Seven diametric classes were estimated to calculate the relative species richness and the dynamics of emergence/disappearance in the ecosystem. Soil samples were surveyed at two depths and during different seasons (dry and rainy). The samples were tested for organic matter (OM), nitrogen content (N), phosphorus (Olsen P), pH, exchangeable bases and humic and fulvic acids; with the objective to characterize nutrient flux dynamics between seasons and compare the two mangrove ecosystems.  
Results: Red mangrove ecosystems contain higher OM during rainy season. Black mangrove ecosystems showed low contents of OM and exchangeable bases during dry season. The species with more individuals m-2 is red mangrove, and black mangrove presents individuals with greater basal area and diameters.                
Study Limitations/Implications: Regional characterization of mangrove ecosystems provides information about nutrient flux, which is necessary for the adequate proposal of protection and conservation programs of these wetlands.
Findings/Conclusions: The dominant mangrove species affects nutrient flux in soils associated to the ecosystem, suggesting they have specific functions in the ecosystem dynamics.
Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on vegetative propagation by cutting cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.)
Authors: Pacheco Contreras Víctor Inocencio , Lara-Ruiz Gabriela F. , Romero-Cruz Anabel , Gabilán-Linares Eleodoro
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid and budwood type in the vegetative propagation by cutting cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.) and to describe the phenological stages, in order to increase production.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design with a 22 factorial design was used to estimate the effect of two concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (1000 and 10000 ppm) and budwood type (secondary and tertiary) on the number of leaves and sprouts of the plant. With regard to propagation, 30-cm budwoods from secondary and tertiary branches of cuatomate were used; transversal and diagonal cuts were made at the ends of the branches that generate the canopy and the root, respectively. Data was subject to an analysis of variance, using the general linear model procedure.
Results: Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed between the variables under study. Higher number of leaves and sprouts (16.700 and 20.000, respectively) were observed in tertiary budwoods inoculated with 1000 ppm of IAA. In the evaluation of the phenological stages, the first bud appeared at 30 days, while the first leaf and flowers appeared 40 and 180 days after inoculation, respectively.
Study limitations/implications: Commercial candelilla wax was applied in the transversal cut to prevent attacks by pathogens and every single budwood was completely covered with indole-3-acetic acid.
Findings/conclusions: The use of indole-3-acetic acid in the vegetative propagation of cuatomate would be an alternative to increase its production; promoting a sustainable activity in the Mixtec region of Puebla.
John Milton’s Network and the Republic of Letters
Authors: Van Raamsdonk Esther , Ahnert Ruth
Published: January 2022

In this article, Esther van Raamsdonk and Ruth Ahnert apply social network analysis to show us Milton’s influence on seventeenth-century literary, philosophical, and diplomatic networks. Their analysis offers a remarkably clear sense of Milton’s direct and indirect influence in England and on the Continent as well as demonstrating ways in which Milton might have been influenced himself by European intellectual, literary, and political culture. In addition to calling attention to the international reach of Milton’s work, the authors are able to use a novel method that shows a network around Milton that goes beyond his direct correspondence. As a result, we are given a much more accurate sense of Milton’s influence than has previously been available to us.
Instrumentation for Six Electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM-6) for the study of localized regions in a volume conductor
Authors: Khanal Trilochan , Rabbani K Siddique e
Published: January 2022

Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that provides an opportunity for localized measurement down to reasonable depths of the body surface using skin surface electrodes. Conceived by one of the authors (KSR) and developed in Bangladesh by a group led by him, FIM has potential applications in physiological study and in the detection or diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Being a simple technique, it is particularly suitable for low and medium income countries (LMIC). To obtain long term benefit from any technology it is necessary that the technology is understood and developed indigenously, particularly under the limitation of a resource limited country. Indigenous development also allows for further improvisation, innovation, and application in future. This paper presents the indigenous design and development of the electronic instrumentation necessary for the implementation of six electrode version of Focused Impedance Method (FIM-6) in Nepal. The work involved basic characterization of the necessary circuit blocks developed through experimental validation. In particular, the design of isolating ferrite transformers required for the instrumentation posed a challenge which was solved limiting the range of the instrumentation to range variations encountered in practice on the human body, for which initial experiments were carried out on a live human subject. This led to a simplified design. The values obtained using the developed circuitry appears to give reasonable accuracy and would be useful for further implementation of the instrumentation using PCBs. However, further work can also be taken to improve the design of the current source used and of the transformers. Thus this work satisfies the initial requirement of attempting indigenous development of the FIM technique in an LMIC like Nepal.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.14 No.1 2021 P 1-15
Long-term Efficacy of Dacryoendoscopy-guided Recanalization and Silicone Tube Intubation
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Beak Jin Uk , Paik Ji-Sun , Park Juwan , Yang Suk-Woo
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the long-term efficacy of dacryoendoscopy-guided recanalization and silicone tube intubation in patients with obstruction in the lacrimal drainage system and to identify factors related to surgical outcome.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and canalicular obstruction who underwent dacryoendoscopy-guided recanalization and silicone tube intubation between August 2014 and March 2016. Factors related to surgical outcome were examined and compared between the success group (eyes with complete response and partial response) and the failure group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the success rate according to the factors found to have statistical significance.Results: The study included 74 eyes of 51 patients. The mean age of the patients was 60.3 ± 10.0 years (range, 34–80 years). The success group consisted of 66 eyes (89.2%) (complete response, 56 eyes, 75.7%; partial response, 10 eyes, 13.5%) and the failure group consisted of eight eyes (10.8%). The median follow-up period was 58 months (range, 6.5–72 months), and the overall success rate was 89.2%. Compared to the eyes with preoperative lacrimal irrigation test of partial passage, the eyes with no passage were associated with a lower success rate (95.9% vs. 76.0%, p = 0.01). Postoperative inflammation was also associated with a lower success rate (96.6% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Dacryoendoscopy-guided recanalization and silicone tube intubation is effective and can be considered a first choice of treatment for eyes which show partial passage in the lacrimal irrigation test. The management of postoperative inflammation is essential to ensure surgical success.
Prevalence and Clinical Features of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Korean Patients
Authors: PARK Beom Chan , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the relative frequency and describe the clinical features of sagging eye syndrome in Korean patients from a single center.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with diplopia, aged over 40 years, who visited Chosun University Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. The relative frequency of sagging eye syndrome was examined by classifying the cause of diplopia. Clinical features, such as age, sex, strabismus type, angle of deviation, treatment method, and prognosis were evaluated.Results: A total of 128 patients were identified, of which 23 (18%) were diagnosed with sagging eye syndrome, including 12 male patients (52.2%) and 11 female patients (47.9%). Their mean age was 74.6 ± 7.6 years (range, 61–89 years), and all patients were over 60 years. Among the 62 patients with diplopia and age over 60 years, the relative frequency of sagging eye syndrome was 23 (37.1%), the highest among all age groups. Among the 23 patients with sagging eye syndrome, nine patients (39.1%) had only distance esotropia, with a mean distance esotropia value of 10.1 ± 8.6 prism diopters (PD) (range, 4–25 PD) at the first visit; nine patients (39.1%) had a combination of esotropia and vertical strabismus, with a mean esotropia value of 6.2 ± 4.8 PD (range, 2–12 PD) and a vertical angle of 4.7± 3.2 PD (range, 2–10 PD); and five patients (21.7%) had only vertical strabismus, with an average vertical strabismus angle of 3.3 ± 1.6 PD (range, 4–8 PD). Furthermore, 17 out of 23 patients (73.9%) used prism glasses, in whom the symptoms of diplopia disappeared. Finally, only three patients (13.0%) underwent surgery.Conclusions: Sagging eye syndrome in Korean patients was identified in those over 60 years with a similar male-to-female ratio. Moreover, nonsurgical treatments, such as prism glasses, largely helped relieve the symptoms of sagging eye syndrome.
Bireylerin Bal Tüketimi ve Yöresel Ürün Olan Zara Balı Tercih Nedenleri (Sivas İli Merkez İlçe Örneği)
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Rüveyda
Published: January 2022

İnsan sağlığı için çok önemli olan ve hayvansal ürünler içerisinde yer alan balın tüketim durumu ve tüketimini etkileyen bazı sosyo-demografik özellikleri bu araştırma ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bal üretiminde ön sıralarda yer alan Türkiye’de balın yerel pazarı ve patentli sayısı oldukça fazladır. Ancak Türkiye’de tüketicilere yönelik böyle bir çalışma olmaması araştırmayı ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana metaryali olan anketler Sivas İli Merkez İlçe’de yaşayan 272 bireyle görüşme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümünde bireylerin sosyo ekonomik yapıları ortaya konulmuş, ikinci bölümde ise bireylerin bal tüketimi, üçüncü bölümde de yöre ürünü olan zara balını tercih nedenleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında görüşülen bireylerin %50.37’si kadın, ortalama 33.67 yaş ve aylık ortalama geliri 2 034,03 TL’dir. Bireylerin %98.53’ü bal tüketmekte ve yarısından fazlası (%57.09) petek bal tüketmeyi tercih etmektedir. Bireylerin zara balı tercih nedenleri 17 faktör altında 5’li likert ölçeği ile ölçülmüştür. Faktör yüklerini azaltmak için faktör analizi yapılmış ve cronbanch’s alpha değeri 0.897 ve KMO 0.792 bulunmuştur. Böylelikle 17 değişken 4 faktör altında özetlenmiştir. Araştırmanın son bölümünde ise bireylerin zara balı tercih nedenlerini etkileyen bazı özellikler belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve bunun için binary logit analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda %10 önem seviyesinde anlamlı bulunan bireylerin aylık geliri ve faktör analizindeki son faktör (sağlık) zara balı tüketimini negatif yönlü etkilemektedir. %5 önem seviyesinde anlamlı bulunan bireylerin cinsiyeti pozitif yönlü etkilerken %1 önem seviyesinde bireylerin yaşı negatif yönlü etkilediği analiz sonucunda ortaya konulmuştur. Zara balı üretimi yapan kurum kuruluşlara bu araştırma sonucunda şu önerilerde bulunulabilir: müşterilerin albenisini reklamla artırabilir ve daha sağlıklı güvenilir ürünle kar marjını yükseltebilir.
Serbest Gezen Tavuklardan Elde Edilen Yumurtaların Propolis Ekstraktı ile Kaplanmasının Raf Ömrü ve Kalite Parametrelerine Etkileri
Authors: GÜLER Gökmen , ŞEN Ayşe , KORKMAZ TURGUD Firdevs , TAHTABİÇEN Emre , AĞMA OKUR Aylin , SAMLI Hasan Ersin
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, suda ekstrakte edilen propolisin (PE) kaplama materyali olarak kullanımının raf ömrü, depolama sıcaklığı, süresi ve serbest dolaşan yumurtacı tavuklardan elde edilen yumurta kalitesi parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yumurtanın tazeliğini daha uzun süre koruyabilmek için bir ürünle kaplama düşüncesi, uzun zamandır araştırmacıların inceleme konusu olmuştur. Bu amaçla uygulanabilecek kaplama malzemelerinden birisi olan propolisin, farklı alkoller kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiş örneklerinin kullanıldığı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada serbest dolaşan tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların, suda ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiş PE ile kaplanması ve farklı depolama koşullarında bekletilmesinin, yumurta iç ve dış kalite parametreleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Bu amaçla 64 haftalık Lohmann kahverengi yumurtacı tavuklardan 80 adet yumurta toplanmıştır. Yumurta örnekleri, 8 muamele [2 saklama süresi (10 ve 20 gün) × 2 saklama sıcaklığı (4°C ve 22°C)× kabuk üzerinde propolis kaplama (kaplamalı/kaplamasız)] grubuna ayrılmış ve her bir muamelede 10 yumurta olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda PE’nin, kabuğun üzerindeki porları kaplaması sebebiyle, oda ve buzdolabı sıcaklığında depolanan yumurtaların raf ömrü ve iç kalite özellikleri üzerinde olumlu etkilere sebep olduğu görülmüştür. Propolis ekstraktı ile kaplama sonucunda özgül ağırlık, yumurta sarısı indeksi değerleri artış göstermiştir (P
Tekirdağ Koşullarında Sorgum-Sudan Otu Melezi (Sorghum bicolor-Sorghum sudanense) Su Verim İlişkileri
Authors: MORAY Samet , İSTANBULLUOĞLU Ahmet
Published: January 2022

Sorgum-Sudan otu melezi (Sorghum bicolor-Sorghum sudanence)’nin su-verim ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma 2018-2019 yıllarında Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi deneme alanında (40°59' K - 27°34' D; 20 m) yürütülmüştür. Sorgum Sudan otu melezi tohumu kullanılarak tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü planlanan araştırmada, bitki boyları ortalama 95-105 cm’ye ulaştığında biçimi takiben sekiz farklı sulama konusu yer almıştır. Bunlar kimi biçimleri takiben sulanan ve sulanmayan ile tüm biçimleri takiben sulanan ve susuz konular olmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre en fazla yeşil ot verimi, tüm biçimleri takiben sulanan (III) ve ilk iki biçimi takiben sulanan (II0) konulardan sırasıyla 5.03 ve 5.02 t da-1 elde edilmiştir. İlk biçimi takiben sulamanın verim artışında önemli etkisi olmakla birlikte, en yüksek verimi alabilmek için ilk iki biçimi takiben sulamanın yeterli olacağı, tek başına ikinci veya üçüncü biçimi takiben sulamaların verim artışında etkili olmadığı, üçüncü biçimi takiben sulamaya ise gerek olmadığı görülmüştür. Bir tek sulama yapılması gerekiyorsa bunun ilk biçimi takiben yapılması önerilmektedir. İkinci biçim döneminde sulanmayıp üçüncü biçim döneminde sulama uygulaması olan konular (I0I ve 00I) üçüncü biçim döneminde hasat boyuna erişemediği için sulama uygulaması yapılamamıştır. Hiçbir biçim döneminde sulanmayan (000) konu da üçüncü biçim döneminde istenilen hasat boyuna ulaşamamıştır. Tekirdağ koşulları altında Sorgum Sudan otu melezi bitkisi kuru tarım için uygun olmadığı görülmüştür. Konulardan elde edilen mevsimlik su tüketimi ile yeşil ot verimi arasında 0.01 düzeyinde önemli Y = 5.06 ET + 2043.3 eşitliği ile tanımlanan ilişki bulunmuştur. Yine toplam büyüme mevsimi için, bitki su tüketimi ile yeşil ot verimi arasında su-verim ilişkisi faktörü (ky) 0.66 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Farklı Yöntemlerle Anadolu Manda Tereyağı Üretimi
Authors: ESER İbrahim Halil , İNANÇ Ahmet Levent
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada Anadolu manda sütünden üç farklı yöntemle (tatlı krema, ekşi krema ve yoğurttan) manda tereyağı üretilmiştir. Uygulanan üretim yöntemleri karşılaştırılarak tereyağların bazı kimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Hammadde olarak kullanılan manda sütünün yağ içeriğinin % 7, toplam kuru madde (yağ dahil) oranının %16.20 ve randımanının % 7-8.5 aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bütün tereyağlarda ortalama %83.64 yağ içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Tereyağların pH değerlerinde önemli farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). En yüksek titrasyon asitliği (%0.43) ve en düşük serbest yağ asitliği (%0.80) yayık tereyağında (yoğurttan yapılmış) tespit edilmiştir. Sütün peroksit değeri 0.1 meq O2 kg-1, tereyağların 1.94-2.01 meq O2 kg-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Sütteki vitamin miktarları tereyağlara göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p0.05). Ortalama % yağ asit değerleri; bütirik asit (C4:0) 3.799±0.060, kaproik asit (C6:0) 1.253±0.020, kaprilik asit (C8:0) 0.729±0.017, kaprik asit (C10:0) 1.359±0.035, laurik asit (C12:0) 1.746±0.022, miristik asit (C14:0) 8.983±0.064, miristoleik asit (C14:1) 1.870±0.141, pentadekanoik asit (C15:0) 1.965±0.032, cis-10-pentadekanoik asit (C15:1) 0.863±0.028, palmitik asit (C16:0) 36.066±0.498, palmiteloik asit (C16:1) 3.261±0.026, heptadekanoik asit (C17:0) 1.176±0.034, cis-10-heptadekanoik asit (C17:1) 0.466±0.007, stearik asit (C18:0) 9.300±0.075, oleik asit (C18:1) 24.194±0.429, linoleik asit (C18:2) 1.061±0.071, α-linolenik asit (C18:3) 0.342±0.024, araşidik asit (C18:0) 0.184±0.017, cis-11-eikosenoik asit (C20:4) 0.602±0.060, heneikosanik asit (C21:0) 0.130±0.001, behenik asit (C22:0) 0.252±0.013, erusik asit (C22:1) 0.163±0.020, trikosenoik asit (C23:1) 0.181±0.006, lignoserik asit (C24:0) 0.147±0.004 olarak saptanmıştır.
“Inter arma enim silent leges?”: Impressment and the Scottish Courts in the Later Eighteenth Century
Authors: Finlay John
Published: January 2022

This article examines legal pleadings in Scottish cases involving naval impressment in the period 1778-1795. The Session Papers provide a rich source of both law and fact, and these cases, as well as reflecting on Admiralty practice across Britain, demonstrate reliance by counsel on English sources – including pre-Union statutes – alongside Scots law. Impressment sparked constitutional debate concerning the relationship between the crown prerogative and the liberty of the subject, while the detail of the cases reveals much of the social context behind the practice of impressing men to serve the crown.
CASE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH HIV-INFECTION
Authors:   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Osinska T. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The affinity of sources of infection, the prevalence of sexual transmission, as well as belonging to the contingent of people at risk of STIs and HIV, suggests the possibility of simultaneous infection with pathogens of these diseases. The objective of the work is to study the features of the clinical course, the psycho-emotional state, diagnosis and treatment of STIs associated with HIV infection. Materials and methods. The clinical case of STIs on the background of HIV-infection in women aged 41 years is presented, the diagnosis and treatment methods are described. Results. A separate case of STIs associated with HIV in women aged 41 years is described, as well as the features of the anamnesis, clinical course, objective, laboratory and instrumental research, the results of treatment of the patient. These data demonstrate that the presence of ulcers in the genital area and perianal area, which persist for a long time without signs of healing on the background of local therapy, may be the first manifestation of STIs on the background of HIV-infection. The full range of STI/HIV studies, taking into account immunological status, was crucial for diagnosis and etiopathogenetic therapy, which led to improvement of the patient`s condition, namely complete epithelialization of ulcers and regression of urogenital symptoms. Conclusions. The presence of a malignant of ulcerative process in the anogenital area in STIs, in particular, herpetic and trichomonas etiology is one of the markers of HIV/AIDS.