bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reprogramming of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: New Insight into
Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Saikia Surovi , Ahmed Firdush , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Padma V. Vijaya , Chorawala Mehul R. , Postwala Humzah I. , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: April 2023

Lipids have received less attention than nucleic acids and proteins, which play a major
role in building up the cell. They are a complex group of biomolecules varying in structure and
function whose complexity can only be revealed by refining the present analytical tools. Lipogenesis
is critical for tumor growth as it has been observed that FA (Fatty Acid) synthesis increases in
many cancers. In this review, we have detailed the causes and concerns for considering lipids as a
trademark for cancer, including other events such as mutations, epigenetic changes, chromosomal
rearrangements, and hormonal stimulations. The process of biomarker development can be heightened
from the critical changes observed in lipid profiling that occur in the reprogramming of lipid
metabolism. The cancer alterations that occur during lipid metabolism and the expression of various
genes during this process have been discussed in detail. The routes through which cancer cells
source lipids for their nourishment and energy need and how FA synthesis contributes to this are
discussed. The various pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid, which has the potential to be
therapeutic targets, are highlighted. Also, the various driving factors critical for lipid metabolism
alterations and the major role played by lipids in cancer and ways of targeting it are critically analyzed.
Simultaneously Inhibiting P-gp Efflux and Drug Recrystallization
Enhanced the Oral Bioavailability of Nintedanib
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Zhang Shujuan , Tan Chunli , Wei Qi , Xiong Subin
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Nintedanib (NDNB) is a novel triple-angiokinase inhibitor for the treatment
of lung cancer. However, the oral bioavailability of NDNB is only 4.7% owing to the poor
solubility and the efflux of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

Aim:

The aim was to explore the potential applications of a hydrogel of NDNB/hydroxypropyl-β-
cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) complex combined with a strong P-gp inhibitor Itraconazole (ITZ) for
augmenting the oral delivery of NDNB.

Methods:

The NDNB/HP-β-CD complex was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and molecular simulation and was subjected
to in vitro and in situ studies. Then the NDNB/HP-β-CD complex was dispersed in carbopol
934 hydrogel and the gel was evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies.

Results:

The HP-β-CD and NDNB formed complex by van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interaction
forces by XRD, FT-IR, and molecular simulation studies. When the molar ratio of
NDNB/HP-β-CD was 1:20, the complex exhibited high drug inclusion efficiency and excellent
stability. The in situ perfusion results revealed that the permeability of the combination of complex
and ITZ enhanced about 3.0-fold compared with the NDNB solution. The oral bioavailability
of the sequential administration of ITZ and NDNB/HP-β-CD complex gels was increased 3.5-fold
by preventing recrystallization, extending the residence time in the gastrointestinal tract, and inhibiting
P-gp in comparison with NDNB soft capsules. The co-therapy with NDNB/HP-β-CD
complex gels and ITZ exerted a strong anti-tumor effect.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, NDNB/HP-β-CD complex gels combined with P-gp inhibitor were a
potential strategy for enhancing the oral bioavailability and anti-tumor effect of NDNB.
Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Lung Cancer: Association with Proliferation, Metastasis, and Therapy Resistance
Authors: Entezari Maliheh , Deldar Abad Paskeh Mahshid , Orouei Sima , Kakavand Amirabbas , Rezaei Shamin , Sadat Hejazi Elahe , Pashootan Parya , Nazdari Naghmeh , Tavakolpournegari Alireza , Hashemi Mehrdad , Salimimoghadam Shokooh , Mirzaei Sepideh , Taheriazam Afshin , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: April 2023

The capacity of cancer cells for abnormal growth and metastasis has made it difficult to find a cure for tumor. Both males and females suffer from lung tumors, and physicians still deem them incurable. The initiation and development of lung tumors can be forced by genomic mutations. Wnt is a critical pathway for regulating growth, differentiation and migration. However, its oncogenic function has been observed in lung cancer. Wnt is able to increase the proliferation of lung tumors. The metastasis potential of lung tumors can be accelerated by Wnt/EMT axis. Overexpression of Wnt/β-catenin prevents chemotherapy-mediated cell death in lung tumors. This pathway promotes cancer stem cell features in lung tumors which induce radioresistance. Anti-cancer agents, such as curcumin, are able to inhibit Wnt in lung tumor treatment. Wnt interaction with other factors in lung tumors is essential in controlling biological behavior, and non-coding RNA transcripts are the most well-known ones. It can be concluded from the current study that Wnt is an important regulator of lung tumorigenesis, and the translation of these findings into the clinic is vital.
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Current and Emerging Therapeutic
Strategies
Authors: Singh Ankita , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Vijay
Published: April 2023

The chronic infection of the hepatitis B virus (CHB) represents a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine, millions of hepati-tis B patients are at increased risk of developing chronic liver disease. The currently available treatments for HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues that are effective at suppressing viral load and preventing or delaying the progression of liver disease. However, these treatments offer somewhat unsatisfactory clinical cures due to the persistence of the intrahepatic pool of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves as a reservoir for viral progenies and a potential source of recurring infections. Elimination of viral cccDNA remains a challenge for sci-entists and pharmaceutical industries in order to achieve the eradication and control of HBV infec-tion. This would involve a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cccDNA for-mation, its intracellular stability, and regulation during replication and transcription. Recent ad-vances in drug therapy have heralded a new horizon of novel therapeutic approaches for CHB infec-tion, with several promising antiviral and immunomodulatory agents currently in preclinical or clin-ical testing. However, approval of any new curative therapy would involve rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of each treatment and defining correct endpoints associated with improved clinical outcomes. This article summarizes the current landscape of HBV treatments, and drugs in clinical trials and highlights the most recent anti-HBV small molecules designed to directly target HBV or to improve immune response during chronic infection.
Restraint of Starch-hydrolyzing Enzyme in the Management of Postprandial Blood Glucose Level: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Sani Deedarul Hyder , Sarker Parth , Alam Md. Jahangir
Published: April 2023

Background:

Diabetes is a multifaceted metabolic condition defined by postprandial hyperglycemia
with perturbances in the majority of the metabolic systems in the human body. α-amylase is a key
enzyme present in pancreatic juice and saliva that converts one of the common food sources i.e., starch
molecules into absorbable molecules and raises plasma glucose levels. Reducing starch digestion by the
inhibitors of starch hydrolyzing enzymes could be an intriguing strategy for improved postprandial hyperglycemia
management.

Objective:

The present research work was undertaken to evaluate the inhibition potential of natural inhibitors
of α-amylase from Trichosanthes dioica (pointed gourd) and Moringa oleifera (moringa leaves) extracts
in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo cytotoxicity assessment was also conducted through brine shrimp
lethality bioassay.

Methods:

Different organic solvents (namely acetone, ethanol, and methanol) were used to isolate plant
extracts. DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) was used to conduct the α-amylase inhibition assay. The safety of
the natural inhibitors was determined by the most common technique i.e, brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Results:

Among all the different organic solvent extracts, pointed gourd and its peel exhibited the highest
α-amylase inhibition activity (64.03 ± 7.33–69.40 ± 9.38%) which is very close to standard α-amylase
inhibitor acarbose (72.34 ± 4.23%) whereas moringa leaves showed moderate inhibition activities (59.10
± 5.25–62.03 ± 1.77%). The cytotoxicity of pointed gourd and its peel was higher while moringa leaves
demonstrated lower toxicity.

Conclusion:

Considering the inhibition rate and cytotoxicity, pointed gourd ethanol extract (Inhibition:
67.43 ± 11.80%; Cytotoxicity: 209.98 μg/mL) would be the best candidate for managing postprandial
hyperglycemia.
Prevalence of Diabetes in India: A Review of IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th
Edition
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Gangwar Ruby , Ahmad Zargar Abrar , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit
Published: April 2023

Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that arises when insulin generation is insufficient, or
the generated insulin cannot be used in the body, resulting a long-term metabolic disorder. Diabetes
affects an estimated 537 million adults worldwide between the age of 20 to 79 (10.5% of all
adults in this age range). By 2030, 643 million people will have diabetes globally, increasing to
783 million by 2045. According to the IDF 10th edition, the incidence of diabetes has been rising
in South-East Asia (SEA) nations for at least 20 years, and current estimates have outperformed all
previous forecasts. This review aims to provide updated estimates and future projections of diabetes
prevalence at the national and global levels by using data from the 10th edition of the IDF Diabetes
Atlas 2021. For this review, we studied more than 60 previously published related articles
from various sources, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, and we extracted 35 studies out of 60.
however, we used only 34 studies directly related to diabetes and its prevalence at the global, SEA,
and Indian levels. This review article concludes that in 2021 more than 1 in 10 adults worldwide
developed diabetes. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in adults (20 to 79 years) has more than
tripled since the first edition in 2000, rising from an estimated 151 million (4.6% of the world’s
population at the time) to 537.5 million (10.5%) of the world’s population today. The prevalence
rate will be higher than 12.8% by 2045. In addition, this study indicates that the incidence of diabetes
in the world, Southeast Asia, and India was 10.5%, 8.8%, and 9.6%, respectively, throughout
2021 and will rise to 12.5%, 11.5%, and 10.9%, respectively by 2045.
Two Eggs A Day Can Increase Choline Intake and Size of Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) in Pregnant Women in Indonesia
Authors: Isdiany Nitta , Rahmat Mamat , Pramintarto Eko Mulyo Gurid , Judiono
Published: April 2023

Background:

Good nutritional intake is very important for pregnant women to prevent
stunting in children. However, the problem of CED in pregnant women in Indonesia remains high.
Higher choline intake in pregnant women is associated with better memory in a child by the time
the child turns 7 years old. Choline functions in the process of methylation and cholinergic transmission
during the process of brain development in children. Modification of the high choline diet
in daily menu is needed by pregnant women to increase choline intake and size of MUAC.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of high choline diet modification on changes
in choline intake and size of MUAC in pregnant women.

Methods:

A total of 14 pregnant women in the treatment group received 2 eggs every day, while 13
pregnant women in the control group received education on balanced nutrition during the study
period. Changes in choline intake and size of MUAC were stastiscally compared between the two
groups.

Results:

There was a significant change in the average intake of choline before and after the
intervention in pregnant women between the treatment and control group (p < 0.05). The results
stated that there was a significant difference in the size of MUAC in pregnant women between the
treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). Energy intake was not a confounder of the intervention
outcome.

Conclusion:

Modification of low choline level diet by giving 2 eggs a day for 1 month as an additional
food in the diet of pregnant women can increase choline intake and size of MUAC.
Atypical Cytotoxic Lesion and Hemorrhagic Involvement of the Corpus
Callosum in Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Guarnizo-Capera Angela , Tapias Manuela Gallo , Ortegén José David Cardona , Valencia Valentina Ferrer
Published: April 2023

Introduction/Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a large number of deaths and has caused a significant increase in population morbidity. This viral
infection has been associated with different neurological symptoms and complications that do not have a clear pathophysiological mechanism and
exact implications for these patients.

Case Presentation:

A 40-year-old man with COVID-19 and co-infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC presented extensive pulmonary involvement and required
comprehensive management in the intensive care unit (ICU). During his hospitalization, he developed neurological symptoms with evidence of
involvement of the corpus callosum, which was attributed to the cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). After several months of
interdisciplinary management in the ICU, there was a progressive improvement in his general condition, with discharge from the hospital without
significant sequelae, with follow-up images showing complete involvement of the corpus callosum due to what was considered an atypical
cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum.

Conclusion:

Imaging features of CLOCCs are known to be temporary, but in the setting of COVID-19, it has not yet been determined if this is true and further
studies are needed. Nonetheless, the one-year follow-up of our patient makes us believe that this atypical involvement of the corpus callosum
described in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections is not transitory, even if there are no neurologic sequelae.
MLP-Res-Unet: MLPs and Residual Blocks-based U-shaped Network
Intervertebral Disc Segmentation of Multi-modal MR Spine Images
Authors: Liu Hanqiang , Lu Sipei , Zhao Feng
Published: April 2023

Background:

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) is now the most prevalent disease in the world; thus, precise intervertebral disc segmentation is essential for the assessment and diagnosis of spinal diseases. Multi-modal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is more multi-dimensional and thorough than unimodal imaging. However, manual segmentation of multi-modal MRI not only imposes a huge burden on physicians but also has a high error rate.

Objective:

In this study, we propose a new method that can efficiently and accurately segment intervertebral discs from multi-modal MR spine images, providing a reproducible usage scheme for the diagnosis of spinal disorders.

Methods:

We suggest a network structure called MLP-Res-Unet that reduces the amount of computational load and the number of parameters while maintaining performance. Our contribution is two-fold. First, a medical image segmentation network that fuses residual blocks and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is proposed. Secondly, we design a new deep supervised method and pass the features extracted from the encoder to the decoder through the residual path to achieve a new full-scale residual connection.

Results:

We evaluate the network on the MICCAI-2018 IVD dataset and obtain Dice similarity coefficient equal to 94.77 (%) and Jaccard coefficient equal to 84.74 (%), while we reduce the amount of parameters by a factor of 3.9 and computation by a factor of 2.4 compared to the IVD-Net.

Conclusion:

Experiments show that MLP-Res-Unet improves segmentation performance and creates a simpler model structure while reducing the number of parameters and computation.
Non-functional Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Wall of the Small Bowel
Authors: Lin Shu-Juan , Gao Yan , Sun Chun-Juan
Published: April 2023

Background:

Extra-adrenal non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)is an extremely rare tumor with only eight cases having been reported at different
localizations.

Case Presentation:

A 60-year-old woman was presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solitary mass abutting the wall
of the small bowel. She underwent resection of the mass, and the results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with ACC.

Conclusion:

We report the first occurrence of non-functional adrenocortical carcinoma in the wall of the small bowelin the literature. Magnetic resonance
examination is sensitive enough to indicate the accurate location of the tumor and is of great help to clinical operation.
Analysis of COVID-19 CT Chest Image Classification using Dl4jMlp Classifier
and Multilayer Perceptron in WEKA Environment
Authors: S. Sreejith , Ajayan J. , Reddy N.V.Uma , Devasenapati S. Babu , Rebelli Shashank
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

In recent years, various deep learning algorithms have exhibited remarkable performance in various data-rich applications, like health care, medical imaging, as well as in computer vision. Covid-19, which is a rapidly spreading virus, has affected people of all ages both socially and economically. Early detection of this virus is therefore important in order to prevent its further spread.

Methods:

Covid-19 crisis has also galvanized researchers to adopt various machine learning as well as deep learning techniques in order to combat the pandemic. Lung images can be used in the diagnosis of Covid-19.

Results:

In this paper, we have analysed the Covid-19 chest CT image classification efficiency using multilayer perceptron with different imaging filters, like edge histogram filter, colour histogram equalization filter, color-layout filter, and Garbo filter in the WEKA environment.

Conclusion:

The performance of CT image classification has also been compared comprehensively with the deep learning classifier Dl4jMlp. It was observed that the multilayer perceptron with edge histogram filter outperformed other classifiers compared in this paper with 89.6% of correctly classified instances.
An In silico Investigation to Identify Promising Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Target
Authors: Alagarsamy V. , Sundar P. Shyam , Narendhar B. , Sulthana M. T. , Kulkarni Vishaka S. , Aishwarya A. Dharshini , Solomon V. Raja , Murugesan S. , Jubie S. , Rohitha K. , Dhanwar Sangeeta
Published: April 2023

Background:

A limited number of small molecules against SARS-CoV-2 has been discovered since the epidemic commenced in November 2019. The conventional medicinal chemistry approach demands more than a decade of the year of laborious research and development and a substantial financial commitment, which is not achievable in the face of the current epidemic.

Objective:

This study aims to discover and recognize the most effective and promising small molecules by interacting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro target through computational screening of 39 phytochemicals from five different Ayurvedic medicinal plants.

Methods:

The phytochemicals were downloaded from Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (PDB) PubChem, and the SARS-CoV-2 protein (PDB ID: 6LU7; Mpro) was taken from the PDB. The molecular interactions, binding energy, and ADMET properties were analyzed.

Results:

The binding affinities were studied using a structure-based drug design of molecular docking, divulging 21 molecules possessing greater to equal affinity towards the target than the reference standard. Molecular docking analysis identified 13 phytochemicals, sennoside-B (-9.5 kcal/mol), isotrilobine (-9.4 kcal/mol), trilobine (-9.0 kcal/mol), serratagenic acid (-8.1 kcal/mol), fistulin (-8.0 kcal/mol), friedelin (-7.9 kcal/mol), oleanolic acid (-7.9 kcal/mol), uncinatone (-7.8 kcal/mol), 3,4-di- O-caffeoylquinic acid (-7.4 kcal/mol), clemaphenol A (-7.3 kcal/mol), pectolinarigenin (-7.2 kcal/mol), leucocyanidin (-7.2 kcal/mol), and 28-acetyl botulin (-7.2 kcal/mol) from ayurvedic medicinal plants phytochemicals possess greater affinity than the reference standard Molnupiravir (-7.0 kcal/mol) against SARS-CoV-2-Mpro.

Conclusion:

Two molecules, namely sennoside-B, and isotrilobine with low binding energies, were predicted as most promising. Furthermore, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations for the sennoside-B protein complexes based on the docking score. ADMET properties prediction confirmed that the selected docked phytochemicals were optimal. These compounds can be investigated further and utilized as a parent core molecule to create novel lead molecules for preventing COVID-19.
ADME Prediction, Structure-activity Relationship of Boswellic Acid Scaffold for the
Aspect of Anticancer & Anti-inflammatory Potency
Authors: Kumar Akhalesh , Sharma Saurabh , Mishra Sudhanshu , Ojha Smriti , Upadhyay Pawan
Published: April 2023

Nature is the chief source of various remedies which are used to cure various diseases. Boswellic acid (BA)
is a secondary metabolite from the pentacyclic terpenoid compound groups that are derived from the plant genus Boswellia. The oleo gum resins of these plants are primarily composed of polysaccharides, with the remaining amounts of
resin (30-60%) and essential oils (5-10%) soluble in organic solvents. BA and its analogs are also reported to exhibit
various in vivo and biological responses for example anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, free radical scavenging activity,
etc. Among all analogs, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) has been
demonstrated to be the most effective at reducing cytokine production and inhibiting the inflammatory responsecausing enzymes. In this review, we summarized the computational ADME prediction via the SwissADME computational tool and the structure-activity relationship of the Boswellic acid scaffold for the aspect of anticancer and antiinflammatory potency. In addition to these research findings which are associated with the therapy of acute inflammation and some cancers, the potential of boswellic acids against other disorders was also discussed.
New Approach Methodologies in Immunotoxicology: Challenges and
Opportunities
Authors: Maddalon Ambra , Iulini Martina , Melzi Gloria , Corsini Emanuela , Galbiati Valentina
Published: April 2023

To maintain the integrity of an organism, a well-functioning immune system is essential.
Immunity is dynamic, with constant surveillance needed to determine whether to initiate an immune
response or to not respond. Both inappropriate immunostimulation and decreased immune
response can be harmful to the host. A reduced immune response can lead to high susceptibility to
cancer or infections, whereas an increased immune response can be related to autoimmunity or
hypersensitivity reactions. Animal testing has been the gold standard for hazard assessment in immunotoxicity
but a lot of efforts are ongoing to develop non-animal-based test systems, and important
successes have been achieved. The term “new approach methodologies” (NAMs) refer to
the approaches which are not based on animal models. They are applied in hazard and risk assessment
of chemicals and include approaches such as defined approaches for data interpretation and
integrated approaches to testing and assessment.

:

This review aims to summarize the available NAMs for immunotoxicity assessment, taking into
consideration both inappropriate immunostimulation and immunosuppression, including implication
for cancer development.
Nanocrystal Materials for Resistive Memory and Artificial Synapses:
Progress and Prospects
Authors: Chen Yingchun , Chen Dunkui , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xian
Published: April 2023

Background:

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is considered to be the most promising
next-generation non-volatile memory because of its low cost, low energy consumption, and excellent
data storage characteristics. However, the on/off (SET/RESET) voltages of RRAM are too random
to replace the traditional memory. Nanocrystals (NCs) offer an appealing option for these applications
since they combine excellent electronic/optical properties and structural stability and can address the requirements
of low-cost, large-area, and solution-processed technologies. Therefore, the doping NCs in
the function layer of RRAM are proposed to localize the electric field and guide conductance filaments
(CFs) growth.

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to focus on a comprehensive and systematical survey of the NC
materials, which are used to improve the performance of resistive memory (RM) and optoelectronic
synaptic devices and review recent experimental advances in NC-based neuromorphic devices from artificial
synapses to light-sensory synaptic platforms.

Methods:

Extensive information related to NCs for RRAM and artificial synapses and their associated
patents were collected. This review aimed to highlight the unique electrical and optical features of metal
and semiconductor NCs for designing future RRAM and artificial synapses.

Results:

It was demonstrated that doping NCs in the function layer of RRAM could not only improve
the homogeneity of SET/RESET voltage but also reduce the threshold voltage. At the same time, it
could still increase the retention time and provide the probability of mimicking the bio-synapse.

Conclusion:

NC doping can significantly enhance the overall performance of RM devices, but there are
still many problems to be solved. This review highlights the relevance of NCs for RM and artificial synapses
and also provides a perspective on the opportunities, challenges, and potential future directions.
Silver Ion Release from Polymethylmethacrylate Reinforced with
Silvernanoparticles-An In vitro Study
Authors: Shenava Aashritha
Published: April 2023

Background:

Despite the awareness among patients with complete dentures, the risk factor for developing denture related candidiasis is when it is not removed during sleep and cleaned regularly. The routine treatment is an antifungal application, but frequent infection is seen after treatment. Nanotechnology has led the medical field to a cutting edge in most of the treatment aspects of various conditions. Moreover, the assimilation of silver nanoparticles into the polymer can be useful as an antifungal agent. To assess the antifungal efficacy of AgNP’s/ PMMA (silver nanoparticles /polymethlmethacrylate) against Candida albicansstrain and to evaluate the continuous release of silver ions which would increase antifungal mechanism.

Methods:

Chemical methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metal precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizing agents were used because of its convenience and simple equipment. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was evaluated along with antifungal efficacy by incorporating PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) discs with silver nanoparticles. Silver ion release was carried out by immersing the PMMA/Ag discs in deionised water for different immersion periods.

Results:

In the Independent Sample ‘t’ test, the comparison of optical density between the study groups at 6 months at absorbance A230, A260,A280, A320, A420, and A550 was statistically significant(p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Silver Nanoparticles could be prepared which is cost-effective and can serve as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. Silver ion release was seen with AgNP’s /PMMA (SilverNanoparticle /polymethylmethacrylate) at 6 months and Group A ( .06M) and Group B (.03 M) was confirmed to be used as an antifungal agent.
Plant-mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Mangosteen Pericarp
Extract and their Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Amargo Mely Mariz S. , Bucoya Ella Angelique M. , Fundador Erwin Oliver V. , Fundador Noreen Grace V.
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using mangosteen pericarp ethanolic
extract (MPEE) as a source of bioreductants and their antimicrobial activity against common foodborne
pathogens was evaluated.

Methods:

Characterization of MPEE was conducted using phytochemical screening, total phenolic content
analysis, and DPPH (antioxidant) assay. Synthesis AgNPs and optimization studies were monitored
using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the AgNPs,
and resazurin microtiter assay was used for antimicrobial testing.

Results:

Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, anthraquinones, and tannins were confirmed present
in the extract. TPC and IC50 of MPEE were 0.192 mg GAE/mg extract and 0.277 mg/mL, respectively. A
surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak within 450-403 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. At pH 7,
the optimum reaction conditions were 45°C and 3 h. Meanwhile, at pH 9, the optimum reaction conditions
were 27°C and 0.5 h. The sizes of nanoparticles synthesized at pH 7 and pH 9 were 13-35 nm and 7-
38 nm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of AgNPs produced at pH 7 were
1.45, 2.81, and 2.93 ug/mL for S. aureus, E.coli, and B. cereus, respectively. For AgNPs synthesized at
pH 9, the MIC90 were 2.93, 3.02, and 5.24 ug/mL, for the same microorganisms, respectively.

Conclusion:

MPEE was able to successfully synthesize AgNPs. Compared to chloramphenicol, AgNPs
exhibited better antimicrobial activity, which can address the growing concern of drug resistance in certain
pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of MPEE provides a green and sustainable alternative
to synthesizing AgNPs.
Guggul: Potency and Mechanistic Insight for Tremendous Therapeutic
Benefit
Authors: Srivastava Shikha
Published: April 2023

Commiphoramukul being a treasure to phytochemicals, are of great medicinal value. The plant, composed of flavonoids, phytosterols and terpenes, possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancerous properties with wide therapeutic activities. The active ingredient in plants include ketosteroids, E and Z guggulsterone, ellagic acid, myrrhanols B, myrrhanonesA, myrrhanoes B, guggulsterone-I, guggulsterone-II, guggulsterone-III. Various phytochemicals in plants play a very vital role in treating acute to chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory gastric disorders, hyperlipidemia, cancer, ageing, and for cosmetic purposes too. The present chapter aims to update mankind with the profound phytochemical constituents present in plants and their pharmacological application.
Research on Medium and Long Term Generation Side Deviation Prediction
of New Power Market Based on Multi-Layer LSTM
Authors: Hong Qu , Ze Ye , Liang Weixuan
Published: April 2023

Background:

With the large-scale grid connection operation of new or renewable energy
and the access of active loads such as electric vehicles and air conditioners, the electric energy
trading business in the power market faces problems such as the rapid expansion of the number of
market settlement subjects, explosive growth, various subjects responsible for deviation assessment,
various electric energy trading methods and so on.

Objective:

This paper focuses on the medium and long-term generation side power trading in the
new power market. Through cause analysis, induction and summary, algorithm design and case
analysis, the problem of generation side deviation prediction is solved and power waste is reduced.

Methods:

This paper puts forward the reasons for the imbalance of medium and long-term power
trading in the new power market dominated by new energy, as well as the deviation prediction
algorithm based on multi-layer LSTM, which brings the total historical deviation, total planned
deviation, total measurement deviation, new energy consumption and other data into the M-LSTM
deep learning network for testing in each provincial power market center.

Results:

We use the neural network prediction algorithm. Compared with a single LSTM, the
multi-layer LSTM can better maintain the characteristics of the sample time series and reduce the
prediction error. Compared with BPNN、M-BPNN and Cooperative game theory, LSTM has a
better memory effect.

Conclusion:

The experiment shows that the more accurate prediction deviation of this method can
better arrange the generation plan, reduce the loss caused by excessive deviation, reduce the "price
trampling" of the power market, and ensure the fair and efficient development of the power market.
Implementasi metode Suggestopedia dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab pada Madrasah Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Lathif Syafiqul
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan metode Suggestopedia dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab untuk menuju pembelajaran yang lebih baik dan efektif. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar dapat segera tercapai keberhasilan pembelajaran secara optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan library research dan tinjauan deskriptif untuk menganalisis metode Suggestopedia dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini berupa rancangan pembelajaran Bahasa Arab menggunakan metode Suggestopedia. Dengan rancangan ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan para siswa untuk semakin gemar belajar dan berkomunikasi dengan Bahasa Arab, baik dalam keterampilan menyimak (Maharat al-istima’), keterampilan berbicara (Maharat al-kalam), keterampilan membaca (Maharat al-qiraah) dan keterampilan menulis (Maharat al-kitabah)This study aims to describe the Suggestopedia method in Arabic learning, aiming for better and more effective learning. This was sought to effectively achieve the required learning goals. This study used library research and descriptive reviews to analyze the Suggestopedia method for learning Arabic. The results obtained from this study were in the form of an Arabic learning design using the Suggestopedia method. With this design, it is hoped that it eases students into learning and communicating in Arabic, both in listening skills (Maharat al-istima'), speaking skills (Maharat al-kalam), reading skills (Maharat al-qiraah) and writing skills. (Maharat al-Kitabah).
Persepsi Karyawan di Direktorat Pengelolaan Kas Negara Kementerian Keuangan Jakarta pada Fenomena Bystander Effect dan Whistleblowing Terhadap Fraud Akuntansi
Authors: Azizah Latifatul , Priantinah Denies
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Persepsi Karyawan di Direktorat Pengelolaan Kas Negara Kementerian Keuangan Jakarta pada Fenomena Bystander Effect dan Whistleblowing Terhadap Fraud Akuntansi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari sikap bystander effect terhadap terjadinya fraud akuntansi dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari sikap whisteleblowing terhadap terjadinya fraud akuntansi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua karyawan yang bekerja di Direktorat Pengelolaan Kas Negara Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Kementerian Keuangan Jakarta. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah non probability sampling dengan metode convenience sampling dan jumlah sampelnya adalah 68 karyawan. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji non parametrik yaitu, uji chi square, uji rank spearman, dan uji friedman. Hasil penelitian dari persepsi karyawan Direktorat Pengelolaan Kas Negara Kementerian Keuangan Jakarta menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif pada bystander effect terhadap terjadinya fraud akuntansi dengan nilai signifikan chi-square 0,000, rank-spearman 0,000, dan friedman 0,001. (2) terdapat pengaruh negatif pada whistleblowing terhadap terjadinya fraud akuntansi dengan nilai signifikan chi-square 0,000, rank-spearman 0,000, dan friedman 0,001Kata kunci: Bystander Effect, Whistleblwoing, Fraud Akuntansi.Abstract: Perception of Employees in the Directorate of State Cash Management the Ministry of Finance Jakarta on the Bystander Effect and Whistleblowing Phenomenon Toward Accounting Fraud. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the bystander effect on accounting fraud and to determine the effect of whistleblowing attitudes on accounting fraud. The population in this study were all employees who worked in the Directorate of State Treasury Management, Directorate General of Treasury, Ministry of Finance Jakarta. The sampling technique used in this study is non probability sampling with the convenience sampling method and the sample size is 68 employees. Hypothesis test used is non-parametric test, namely chi-square test, rank-spearman test, and Friedman test. The results of the research on the perceptions of employees of the Directorat of State Management the Ministry of Finance Jakarta show that: (1) there was a positive influence on the bystander effect on the occurrence of accounting fraud with a significant value of chi-square 0,000, rank-spearman 0,000, and Friedman 0.001. (2) there is a negative effect on whistleblowing on the occurrence of accounting fraud with a significant value of chi-square 0,000, rank-spearman 0,000, and Friedman 0.001.Keywords: Bystander Effect, Whistleblowing, Accounting Fraud.
The impact of hybrid learning in educating Tamil educator and learner relationship
Authors: Ponniah Kartheges , Jose Franklin Thambi , Kassymova Gulzhaina K. , Saravanakumar A. R. , Sasireha P.
Published: April 2023

The objectives of this study are to identify the Tamil educator and learner relationships through hybrid learning in urban and rural areas and to compare the Tamil educator and learner relationships through hybrid learning between urban and rural areas. Technology has become a part of life throughout the world. It has shrunk the world. People become closer and closer due to the invention of technology. It has become a part of all fields including education. Schools started using various methods of teaching and learning with technology. Computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and applications are some of the gadgets used in education. Online teaching, blended learning, and hybrid learning also came to exist. The findings of studies in hybrid learning explain that the cooperation of all parties including teachers is a factor in Tamil teaching with ICT. The new teaching method has influenced the involvement of students, high attendance rate, assignment delivery, and student behavior; the challenges and strengths of hybrid learning and the flexibility of hybrid learning. The findings of the present study show that there is a relationship between Tamil educators and learners in urban and rural Tamil schools which is the impact of hybrid learning. For the present study, data were collected from urban and rural schools in Perak State, Malaysia in which hybrid learning is implemented. The collected data were analyzed based on the two objectives of the study. The findings of the present study show that there are relationships between Tamil educators and learners in urban and rural Tamil schools which is the impact of hybrid learning.
Lighting and orientation-lighting fire equipment: Trends and prospects
Authors:   University of Fire Prevention and Fighting, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hai Le Quang
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analysis of modern fire-fighting equipment and lighting accessories based on a review of scientific journals and technical passports of lighting equipment. A comparative analysis of fire-fighting helmets in the aspect of comparison of lighting accessories has been carried out in the article; factors that should be considered when choosing lighting equipment have been determined. A comparative analysis of qualitative and technical characteristics of fire-fighting lanterns and their positive and negative sides have been carried out based on these factors. The characteristics of auxiliary lighting equipment have been described. The materials of the study included works published during the last eleven years which made it possible to present the latest finding on the study subject and to draw the relevant for future studies conclusions. The results of the study allowed outlining the significance of the lighting and orientation of light fire equipment in eliminating fires and rescuing victims (both civilians and fire service personnel). The main functional and technical advantages and disadvantages of the widely used equipment are highlighted in the study.
Natural Language Processing for Clinical Laboratory Data Repository Systems: Implementation and Evaluation for Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Dolatabadi Elham , Chen Branson , Buchan Sarah A , Austin Alex Marchand , Azimaee Mahmoud , McGeer Allison , Mubareka Samira , Kwong Jeffrey C
Published: April 2023

Background

With the growing volume and complexity of laboratory repositories, it has become tedious to parse unstructured data into structured and tabulated formats for secondary uses such as decision support, quality assurance, and outcome analysis. However, advances in natural language processing (NLP) approaches have enabled efficient and automated extraction of clinically meaningful medical concepts from unstructured reports.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of using the NLP model for information extraction as an alternative approach to a time-consuming and operationally resource-intensive handcrafted rule-based tool. Therefore, we sought to develop and evaluate a deep learning–based NLP model to derive knowledge and extract information from text-based laboratory reports sourced from a provincial laboratory repository system.

Methods

The NLP model, a hierarchical multilabel classifier, was trained on a corpus of laboratory reports covering testing for 14 different respiratory viruses and viral subtypes. The corpus includes 87,500 unique laboratory reports annotated by 8 subject matter experts (SMEs). The classification task involved assigning the laboratory reports to labels at 2 levels: 24 fine-grained labels in level 1 and 6 coarse-grained labels in level 2. A “label” also refers to the status of a specific virus or strain being tested or detected (eg, influenza A is detected). The model’s performance stability and variation were analyzed across all labels in the classification task. Additionally, the model's generalizability was evaluated internally and externally on various test sets.

Results

Overall, the NLP model performed well on internal, out-of-time (pre–COVID-19), and external (different laboratories) test sets with microaveraged F1-scores >94% across all classes. Higher precision and recall scores with less variability were observed for the internal and pre–COVID-19 test sets. As expected, the model’s performance varied across categories and virus types due to the imbalanced nature of the corpus and sample sizes per class. There were intrinsically fewer classes of viruses being detected than those tested; therefore, the model's performance (lowest F1-score of 57%) was noticeably lower in the detected cases.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that deep learning–based NLP models are promising solutions for information extraction from text-based laboratory reports. These approaches enable scalable, timely, and practical access to high-quality and encoded laboratory data if integrated into laboratory information system repositories.
How healthcare providers find information regarding benefits and harms of treatments at an independent academic center: a cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Mhaskar Rahul , Kane Bryan , Davies Jordan , Davis Angela , Karagias Maria , Molnar Matthew , Postlethwaite Robert , Quinn Brittany , Reynolds Samuel B. , Stewart Monica , Werbeckes Nicholas , Barraco Robert
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

The information-seeking behavior of physicians to cater to the patient's information needs is not comprehensively studied.

OBJECTIVE

Our cross-sectional study's key goals were to understand providers' information-seeking behavior regarding answering patients' specific questions about treatments' benefits and harms.

METHODS

Using an interview guide, we collected pertinent data from structured one-on-one interviews.

RESULTS

119 providers from eight departments participated. The majority, 62% (77/124), reported that patients brought information about treatment and 56% (69/124) about a diagnosis. 72%(89/124) reported using DynaMed, UptoDate, Lexicomp, and 54%(67/124) used Pubmed. 27%(33/124) referenced the clinical practice guidelines, 17% (21/124) referred to textbooks, and 15% (19/124) discussed with colleagues. 35%(44/124) reported conducting traditional critical appraisals to determine information's credibility.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that most physicians across all medical specialties used and preferred point-of-care tools such as DynaMed and UptoDate. However, many providers still rely on the reputation of the information source, such as a journal impact factor and the author's research credentials, to determine the credibility and reliability of the information. We believe healthcare providers need to take a more active role in guiding patients to credible, evidence-based sources of health information. Physicians need to use traditional critical appraisal tools to determine information credibility.
DİJİTAL İKİNCİ EL ÜRÜN PLATFORMLARINDA ALGILANAN ÜRÜN RİSKİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILDIRIM Emre , KARADERE Enes
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Algılanan riskin tüketicilerin ikinci el ürünlere yönelik tutumları ve satın alma niyetleri üzerinde önemli bir belirleyici olduğu görülmektedir. Fiziksel temas ve gözlemin bulunmadığı dijital platformlarda tüketicilerin özellikle ürün temelli risk algıları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, bu çalışmada, tüketicilerin yalnızca ikinci el ürünlere yönelik algılamış oldukları ürün temelli risk türlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel bir yöntem benimsenmiştir. Dijital ikinci el ürün platformlarından ikinci el ürün satın alan / almayan 150 tüketiciye anket uygulanmıştır. Açık uçlu sorulardan elde edilen bulgular içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur.
Bulgular: İkinci el ürün riskine ait hijyen, özensiz / hor kullanım, performans, kondisyon, garanti, asimetrik bilgi, kötü / negatif enerji, sağlık ve orijinallik olmak üzere toplam 9 tema ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Sonuç: Dijital platformlar, ikinci el ürün alışveriş sürecini kolaylaştırmanın yanında tüketicilerin ürün temelli risk algılarını da arttırmaktadır. Ürünün anlatıldığı gibi olmaması ve eksik bilgiden kaynaklı güvensizlik, özellikle hijyen ve sağlık endişelerini beraberinde getirmektedir.
Determination of The Potential Antioxidant Activity of Isolated Piperine from White Pepper Using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP Methods
Authors: Kusumorini Nindya , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis , Pramono Suwijiyo , Martien Ronny
Published: April 2023

White pepper (Piper nigrum L) is a native plant of Indonesia that has been used for generations as a spice and traditional medicine. White pepper contains the main alkaloid compound, namely piperine which has antioxidant activity as shown in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential antioxidant activity of isolated piperine compared with n-hexane extract of white pepper using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP test methods. The isolated piperine was obtained from extraction using Soxhlet with n-hexane as a solvent, followed by purification with cyclohexane. The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method to see free radicals, while the ABTS and FRAP methods evaluated antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was expressed as IC50 value and Trolox compound was used as a positive control of antioxidant activity. The analysis results show isolated piperine had antioxidant activity in the ABTS test with the results of 4.35 ± 0.004 mg/mL and 2.53 ± 0.08 mg/mL, respectively  and FRAP test was 10.53 mol TE/g sample and 6.86 mol TE/g sample, respectively. Isolated piperine and n-hexane extract of white pepper did not show their activity as free radical scavengers. The antioxidant activity of isolated piperine was lower than that of n-hexane extract of white pepper. The presence of other compounds in white pepper shows a synergistic interaction in increasing the antioxidant activity of white pepper extract.