bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiência de Política Integrada de SANS em Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa Márcia Helena Batista Corrêa da , Guimarães Sandra Meire , Carvalho Joice Alvarenga Borges
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados dapesquisasobre a Política Integrada de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional Sustentável (SANS), executada em Minas Gerais em consonância com as deliberações do Conselho Estadual de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CONSEA), no período de 2012 a 2015.A análise aborda o Programa Estruturador: Cultivar, Nutrir, Educar (PECNE), idealizado como um instrumento de efetivação da política, que integra as áreas de Saúde, Educação e Agricultura Familiar. Os atores envolvidos no PECNE são representados nos Comitês Gestores Locais, instância colegiada, instituída para promover a intersetorialidade na execução da política no município. O PECNE também visa o fortalecimento do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), que buscavalorizar a agricultura familiar e promover a educação alimentar e nutricional das famílias. A pesquisa, desenvolvida com financiamento do CNPq, por equipe multidisciplinar, investigou as escolas públicas estaduais da educação básica, das regiões sudeste 1 e 2, de Divinópolis, município doCentro-Oeste mineiro. A integração de áreas do conhecimento ocorreu sustentada na aplicação do método qualitativo e uso de instrumentosda Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Nos resultados,destaca-se a instância local de representação democrática dos setores envolvidos na SAN, para discussão e deliberação sobre a política no Município.
Developing and Validating an Age-Independent Equation of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimation of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass and Establishing Sarcopenia Cutoff
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Nishizawa Miyuki , Uchiyama Tomoka , Kasahara Yasuhiro , Shindo Mikio , Miyachi Motohiko , Tanaka Shigeho
Published: July 2017

Background: Appendicular skeletal muscle (or lean) mass (ALM) estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered to be a preferred method for sarcopenia studies. However, DXA is expensive, has limited portability, and requires radiation exposure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is inexpensive, easy to use, and portable; thus BIA might be useful in sarcopenia investigations. However, a large variety of models have been commercially supplied by different companies, and for most consumer products, the equations estimating ALM are not disclosed. It is therefore difficult to use these equations for research purposes. In particular, the BIA equation is often age-dependent, which leads to fundamental difficulty in examining age-related ALM loss. The aims of the current study were: 1) to develop and validate an equation to estimate ALM using multi-frequency BIA (MF-BIA) using theoretical models, and 2) to establish sarcopenia cutoff values using the equation for the Japanese population. Methods: We measured height (Ht), weight, and ALM obtained by DXA and a standing-posture 8-electrode MF-BIA (5, 50, 250 kHz) in 756 Japanese individuals aged 18 to 86 years old (222 men and 301 women as developing equation group and 97 men and 136 women as a cross validation group). The traditional impedance index (Ht2/Z50) and impedance ratio of high and low frequency (Z250/Z5) of hand to foot values were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with ALM as dependent variable in men and women separately. Results: We created the following equations: ALM = [0.6947 × (Ht2/Z50)] + [-55.24 × (Z250/Z5)] + [-10940 × (1/Z50)] + 51.33 for men, and ALM = [0.6144 × (Ht2/Z50)] + [-36.61 × (Z250/Z5)] + [-9332 × (1/Z50)] + 37.91 for women. Additionally, we conducted measurements in 1624 men and 1368 women aged 18 to 40 years to establish sarcopenia cutoff values in the Japanese population. The mean values minus 2 standard deviations of the skeletal muscle mass index (ALM/Ht2) in these participants were 6.8 and 5.7 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: the current study established and validated a theoretical and age-independent equation using MF-BIA to estimate ALM and provided reasonable sarcopenia cutoff values.
Regulation and Modulation of Human DNA Polymerase δ Activity and Function
Authors: Y.W.T. Lee Mariettta , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Sufang , Zhang Zhongtao , Y.C. Lee. Ernest
Published: July 2017

This review focuses on the regulation and modulation of human DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ). The emphasis is on mechanisms that regulate the activity and properties of Pol δ in DNA repair and replication. The areas covered are the degradation of the p12 subunit of Pol δ, which converts it from a heterotetramer (Pol δ4) to a heterotrimer (Pol δ3), in response to DNA damage and also during the cell cycle. The biochemical mechanisms that lead to degradation of p12 are reviewed, as well as the properties of Pol δ4 and Pol δ3 that provide insights into their functions in DNA replication and repair. The second focus of the review involves the functions of two Pol δ binding proteins, PDIP46 and PDIP38, both of which are multi-functional proteins. PDIP46 is a novel activator of Pol δ4, and the impact of this function is discussed in relation to its potential roles in DNA replication. Several new models for the roles of Pol δ3 and Pol δ4 in leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis that integrate a role for PDIP46 are presented. PDIP38 has multiple cellular localizations including the mitochondria, the splicesosomes and the nucleus. It has been implicated in a number of cellular functions, including the regulation of specialized DNA polymerases, mitosis, the DNA damage response, Mdm2 alternative splicing and the regulation of the Nox4 NADPH oxidase.
Industry and Inferiority in School Children Enrolled through Quota for Weaker Sections and Disadvantaged Groups: An Eriksonian Perspective
Authors: Padhy Priyanka
Published: July 2017

A significant milestone in the landscape of Education in India was arrived at with the coming of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (Ministry of Law and Justice, 2009). One of the highly debated provisions of the act has been that unaided private schools shall admit in class 1, to the extent of at least 25% of the strength of that class, children belonging to weaker section and disadvantaged group and provide free and compulsory elementary education.

While it was hoped that the act would lead to radical transformation in the Indian school system and become an effective instrument for any child to demand their basic entitlement, it has been recognised that it is not sufficient to allow access. The implementation of the act will be considered truly successful only if it addresses the issue of making children of marginalised communities „visible‟ within classrooms.

This study is a qualitative exploration of the experiences of 8 children enrolled under the EWS quota in private unaided schools of Delhi NCR. Using a phenomenological approach, the interview data has been thematically analysed in the light of the stage of Industry versus Inferiority as outlined by Erik Erikson‟s psychosocial approach to identity development. The study reveals complex layers of experiences, some facilitative and some detrimental, indicating the need for careful planning and monitoring of implementation, as well as stronger teacher preparation for the creation of truly inclusive climate in schools.
Preparing Tutors for Mathematics Learning Support
Authors: Fitzmaurice Olivia , Cronin Anthony , Ni Fhloinn Eabhnat , O'Sullivan Ciaran , Walsh Richard
Published: July 2017

This paper reports on a Mathematics Learning Support (MLS) tutor training programme implemented on a coordinated basis across three universities in Ireland in 2015 by the Irish Mathematics Learning Support Network (IMLSN). The training events were conducted in September near the start of the first semester of the academic year. Focus groups were conducted at the end of the semester in the three institutions with tutors who had participated in the training events to evaluate the workshops and their impact on the tutors’ MLS teaching.
Zastosowanie wybranych bodźców fizykalnych podczas profesjonalnych zabiegów kosmetologicznych. Część II. Fale ultradźwiękowe
Authors: Wesołowska Jolanta , Iwan-Ziętek Iza , Mosiejczuk Hanna , Kemicer-Chmielewska Ewa , Marchlewicz Mariola
Published: July 2017

Ultradźwięki są we współczesnej kosmetologii nieodłącznym elementem prawie każdego zabiegu kosmetycznego. Wykorzystywane są podczas peelingu kawitacyjnego, sonoforezy ułatwiającej przenikanie substancji aktywnych. Ultradźwięki o określonej częstotliwości drgań indukują falę kawitacyjną, co jest wykorzystywane podczas zabiegów antycellulitowych i modelowania sylwetki ciała.
Rak przytarczycy jako przedoperacyjny dylemat diagnostyczny – opis przypadku i przegląd piśmiennictwa
Authors: Listewnik Maria , Miazgowski Tomasz , Borowiecki Andrzej , Iskierska Katarzyna , Koziołek Monika , Birkenfeld Bożena
Published: July 2017

Wstęp: Rak przytarczycy jest jednym z rzadziej występujących nowotworów układu endokrynnego i odpowiada za mniej niż 1% wszystkich przypadków pierwotnej nadczynności przytarczyc. W porównaniu do zmian łagodnych, objawy kliniczne (m.in. obecność guza zzajęciem okolicznych węzłów chłonnych lub odległych przerzutów), parametry biochemiczne i aktywność metaboliczna raka przytarczycy są z reguły bardziej widoczne. W przedstawionym przypadku nie było objawów, które uzasadniałyby przedoperacyjne rozpoznanie raka przytarczycy.Opis przypadku: Przedstawiono przypadek 52-letniej pacjentki z nawrotowa kamicą nerkową, umiarkowanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym, podwyższonym stężeniem wapnia całkowitego i zjonizowanego, niskim stężeniem potasu i podwyższonym poziomym kompletnego parathormonu. Obraz kliniczny i badania obrazowe (badanie ultrasonograficzne, scyntygrafia SPECT/CT) wskazywały na gruczolaka przytarczycy, jednakże za pomocą badania histopatologicznego usuniętej zmiany wykazano raka przytarczycy. Podczas reoperacji nie stwierdzono zajęcia okolicznych węzłów chłonnych. Uzyskano normalizację parametrów biochemicznych i redukcję nadciśnienia tętniczego z umiarkowanego do łagodnego stopnia podczas rocznej obserwacji chorej.Wnioski: 1. U pacjentów z pierwotną nadczynnością przytarczyc spowodowaną rakiem przytarczycy skuteczne leczenie operacyjne nie tylko doprowadza do normalizacji stężenia wapnia, fosforanów i parathormonu, ale również może poprawić skuteczność leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego. 2. Rak przytarczycy może uwidocznić się jako ognisko o śladowej aktywności metabolicznej w badaniu SPECT/CT i równocześnie wykazywać sekrecję parathormonu w zakresie wartości bardziej charakterystycznych dla łagodnej patologii przytarczyc.
Oparzenia wieku dziecięcego w regionie Pomorza Zachodniego w latach 80. XX wieku i obecnie
Authors: Brodzińska Beata
Published: July 2017

Wstęp: Oparzenia u dzieci należą do jednych z najcięższych urazów wymagających szybkiego i wielospecjalistycznego leczenia.Celem pracy była analiza porównawcza epidemiologii, etiologii, ciężkości oparzenia, sposobów i wyników leczenia oraz charakterystyka zmian kierunków opieki nad dziećmi hospitalizowanymi z powodu oparzenia, zamieszkującymi region Pomorza Zachodniego.Materiały i metody: Analizie poddano dokumentację medyczną 1230 pacjentów. Podzielono ich na dwie grupy: 710 dzieci leczonych w latach 1985–1988 (4 lata) i 520 dzieci leczonych w latach 2006–2010 (5 lat). Analiza obejmowała dane demograficzne, etiologiczne, rodzaj udzielonej pierwszej pomocy, ocenę kliniczną powierzchni oparzonej oraz sposób zastosowanego leczenia.Wyniki: W obu badanych grupach do oparzeń ciała najczęściej dochodziło u dzieci pomiędzy 1. a 2. r.ż., zawsze 2-krotnie częściej  u chłopców. Zarówno w latach 80. XX w., jak i obecnie przyczyną najczęściej był gorący płyn. W latach 80. XX w. średnia długość hospitalizacji dzieci z oparzeniami ciężkimi wynosiła 31 dni, obecnie – 14 dni. Dawniej preferowano zachowawczy sposób leczenia, obecnie częściej i szybciej stosowano leczenie operacyjne.Wnioski: Na Pomorzu Zachodnim 2-krotnie obniżyła się częstość hospitalizacji oparzonych dzieci. Najczęściej były i są leczone dzieci w wieku od 1. r.ż. do 2 lat, 2-krotnie częściej chłopcy; wysoki odsetek stanowią niemowlęta. Najczęstszą przyczyną oparzeń u niemowląt i dzieci młodszych pozostaje gorący płyn, a udzieci starszych także płomień. W stosunku do lat 80. XX w. obecne metody leczenia gwarantują krótszy czas hospitalizacji.
Optimizing Shoreline Planting Design for Urban Residential Stormwater Systems: Aligning Visual Quality and Environmental Functions
Authors: Hu Shangchun , Hansen Gail , Monaghan Paul
Published: July 2017

Stormwater ponds are widely used in urban developments to control and clean stormwater and add aesthetic appeal to the landscape. This dual function of residential stormwater systems can create conditions at odds for the optimal performance of either function. This investigation sought to discover connections between aesthetics, plants, design, maintenance, and municipal codes as a means to improve water quality and stormwater pond appearance. To establish the connections between visual quality and environmental function, we conducted five focus groups, four interviews with landscape professionals, and reviewed regulatory codes for 46 municipalities. We concluded that homeowner preferences and the social influence of neighbors were closely linked to design, codes, and management issues. Insights gained include the shared social value of wildlife viewing and aesthetic preferences for diverse, but maintained shoreline planting.
Perceived Landscape Benefits Influence Engagement in Urban Landscape Irrigation and Fertilizer Best Practices
Authors: Warner Laura A. , Ali Amanda D. , Chaudhary Anil Kumar
Published: July 2017

There are substantial opportunities for residents to conserve and protect water through irrigation and fertilizer best practices without sacrificing landscape quality. Promoting the adoption of practices and technologies to address water quality and quantity issues is one of the most important contributions extension can make to solving complex water problems. Extension needs to use innovative approaches to encourage adoption of landscape water conservation practices and technologies, and one underused behavior change strategy is social marketing. Social marketing can help extension encourage behavior change by positioning desired behaviors in terms of value to clientele. This study examined the relationship between the benefits people believe their home landscape provides and their engagement in good irrigation and fertilization practices. Aesthetics is the most valued landscape benefit but it is not strongly influential on good irrigation or fertilization practices. Individuals who perceive their landscape offers habitat benefits are most likely to engage in good irrigation practices, whereas individuals who believe their landscape provides environmental benefits are most likely to engage in good fertilization practices. People who believe their landscape offers monetary benefits are least likely to engage in good irrigation and good fertilizer practices. Extension professionals should develop programs that relate fertilization best practices to environmental benefits and irrigation best management practices to habitat benefits while emphasizing that landscape management best practices are compatible with landscape aesthetics.
Globaliojo optimizavimo uždavinių sprendimas naudojant genetinius algoritmus
Authors: Miloš Ervin , Šešok Dmitrij
Published: July 2017

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami globaliojo optimizavimo uždavinių sprendimo teoriniai aspektai. Analizuojamas polių padėčių optimizavimo gręžtiniuose pamatuose uždavinys. Polių padėčių įvertinimas apskaičiuojamas naudojant integruotą gręžtinių pamatų skaičiavimo programą, realizuojamą FORTRAN programavimo kalba. Po integravimo į C++ aplinką bendras programos našumas sumažėjo tik 0,008 sekundės. Panaudojus genetinį algoritmą buvo realizuota optimizavimo programa, palygintas optimizavimo programos tikslo funkcijos ir genetinio algoritmo vykdymo laikas. Nustatyta, kad genetinis algoritmas praktiškai nedaro įtakos skaičiavimo resursams. Išbandytos aštuonios strategijos, pritaikius įvairias genetinio algoritmo metodų kombinacijas atliekant optimalios strategijos paiešką. Tyrimo rezultatai palyginti su kitų mokslininkų atliktais tyrimo rezultatais. Dėl pasiūlyto genetinio algoritmo pavyko gauti 1,9 proc. geresnį rezultatą nei taikant Bajeso metodą, tačiau iki geriausio literatūroje aprašyto rezultato, kai sprendžiant globaliojo optimizavimo uždavinį buvo taikomas atkaitinimo modeliavimo metodas, trūko 4,6 proc.
Lietuvos statybos įmonių bankroto tikimybės vertinimas
Authors: Gedminaitė Irma
Published: July 2017

Ekonomikos krizės ir finansų rinkos sukrėtimo metu išryškėjo pagrindinės verslui kylančios problemos, lėmusios ženkliai išaugusį įmonių bankrotų skaičių. Įmonės bankroto pasekmes jaučia ne tik įmonė: jos veiklos tęstinumas rūpi įmonės akcininkams, investuotojams, kreditoriams, darbuotojams, visuomenei. Problema yra tai, kad dažniausiai bankroto rizika nustatoma gerokai per vėlai. Praktikoje yra nemažai priemonių ir metodų, tinkamų bankroto rizikai įvertinti, tačiau tokio metodo, kuris statybos įmonėms būtų vienintelis tinkamiausias, nėra. Atsižvelgiant į bankroto prognozavimo metodų pritaikymo statybų sektoriuje tyrimų trūkumą, reikalingas tolesnis tyrimas, siekiant nustatyti statybų sektoriaus įmonėms tinkamiausią modelį.Išanalizavus kitų autorių tyrimus ir modelius bei atrinkus reikšmingiausius finansinius rodiklius, taikomus prognozuojant mažų ir labai mažų statybų sektoriaus įmonių bankroto riziką, gauti rezultatai parodė, kad ne visi lietuvių autorių modeliai gali būti taikomi atliekant panašaus patikimumo statybos įmonių bankroto rizikos vertinimą, o reikšmingi finansiniai rodikliai, pavyzdžiui, grynojo pelningumo ir bendrojo trumpalaikio mokumo, patvirtina bankroto prognozavimo modeliais gautus rezultatus.
Variability in Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Eastern Canada
Authors: Kablan Lucie A. , Chabot Valérie , Mailloux Alexandre , Bouchard Marie‐Ève , Fontaine Daniel , Bruulsema Tom
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

A 8‐yr study of corn N fertilization on high‐yielding fields in Québec, eastern Canada.

Grain yield response to N rates varied among site‐years.

The economically optimal N rate was affected by soil textural classes, planting date, and rainfall.

Averaged across textures, planting date, and weather, economically optimal N rate was 195 kg N ha−1.

Nitrogen applications at rates above the current N recommendation increased grain yield.

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to N has been found to vary spatially within a field. The objective of this study was to examine how grain corn yield response to N varies with planting date, soil texture, and spring weather across sites and years in the Montérégie region. Trials were conducted from 2002 to 2004 and 2006 to 2010, at 11 sites with 23 hybrids and four N application rates, for a total of 45 site‐years. Each site‐year involved five or six N rates ranging from 80–90 to 240 kg N ha−1. Grain yield response to N rates varied among site‐years. Trials were separated into two groups based on optimal and late planting dates. Significant differences in grain yield among the applied N rates were observed in all of the site‐years planted at optimal dates (from 8.8–14.7 Mg ha−1), and in most of those planted late (8.5–12.8 Mg ha−1). Economic optimum nitrogen rates (EONR) ranged less widely for site‐years planted on optimal dates (180–237 kg N ha−1) than for those planted late (132–237 kg N ha−1). The EONR was affected by soil textural classes and rainfall. On coarse‐textured soils, more N was needed to optimize grain yield in years with wet growing seasons. These results suggest that the current N recommendations for corn in Quebec should consider the variability in response associated with site‐specific effects of planting date, soil texture, and weather.
Tillage and Cover Crop Impacts on Economics of Cotton Production in Tennessee
Authors: Zhou Xia Vivian , Larson James A. , Boyer Christopher N. , Roberts Roland K. , Tyler Donald D.
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Net returns were higher for conventional tillage than no‐tillage without cover crops.

Net returns were higher for no‐tillage than conventional tillage with cover crops.

A cotton producer would maximize profits by not planting cover crops.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of winter cover crops with and without tillage on profit‐maximizing N fertilization rate and net return for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. Data came from a 29‐yr (1984–2012) cotton experiment located in Jackson, TN. The experiment included four cover crop treatments (no cover, winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa L.], and crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]); two tillage systems (no‐tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), and four N fertilizer rates (0, 34, 67, or 101 kg N ha−1). Lint yield was de‐trended for temporal yield variation and quadratic yield response functions to N fertilizer were estimated for each cover crop and tillage system. Partial budgeting was used to determine the profit‐maximizing N rate and yields for each cover crop and tillage combinations under different cotton and N price scenarios. The highest profit‐maximizing N fertilizer rate savings, relative to no cover, under CT and NT were for cotton after clover, followed by cotton after hairy vetch and then cotton after wheat. Maximum net returns for cotton after hairy vetch, cotton after crimson clover, and cotton after wheat were lower than for cotton with no cover under CT and NT systems. The results show that revenue gains from producing cotton following cover crops did not offset the cost of cover establishment compared to cotton following no cover. A cotton producer would maximize profits by not planting cover crops under various price scenarios.
Implications of Atmospheric and Climatic Change for Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Polley H. Wayne
Published: July 2017

Yield of water‐limited crops is determined by crop water use and by plant water use efficiency, each of which will be affected by the anticipated rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and concomitant increase in temperature. At the leaf level, a given proportional increase in CO2 concentration generally elicits a similar relative increase in transpiration efficiency (ratio of net photosynthesis to transpiration). The increase in transpiration efficiency may result both from an increase in photosynthetic rate and a decrease in stomatal conductance. Feedbacks involved in scaling from leaf to crop constrain the increase in net carbon gain and reduce the anti‐transpiration effect of CO2 enrichment. As a result, the increase in crop water use efficiency at high CO2 typically is less than 75% of that measured at the leaf level. By accelerating crop development and reducing harvest index, higher temperatures often erode yield benefits of improved water use efficiency at high CO2 The fraction of available water that is used by crops could increase with CO2 concentration because of greater root growth and faster canopy closure, but these effects have received scant study. Field experiments indicate that CO2 enrichment will increase crop water use efficiency mainly by increasing photosynthesis and growth. Yield should be most responsive to CO2 when temperatures approximate the optimum for crop growth. Elevating CO2 can ameliorate negative effects of above‐optimal temperatures, but temperatures near the upper limit for crops will depress yields irrespective of CO2 concentration.
Genetic Improvement in Short‐Season Soybeans: II. Nitrogen Accumulation, Remobilization, and Partitioning
Authors: Kumudini S. , Hume D. J. , Chu G.
Published: July 2017

Genetic improvement in yield is conditional on surmounting yield‐limiting factors. Nitrogen (N) has been considered an important limiting factor to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. The high demand for N by soybean seed was previously considered to lead to early leaf senescence through accelerated remobilization of N from the vegetative tissue. The consequent reduction in photosynthetic capacity was postulated to limit yield. The objectives of the current experiment were to determine the changes in N accumulation, remobilization, and partitioning associated with genetic yield improvement. Two groups of old, low‐yielding (‘Pagoda’ and ‘Mandarin Ottawa’) and new, high‐yielding (‘Maple Glen’ and ‘OAC Bayfield’) soybean cultivars of similar maturity were grown in side‐by‐side trials at the Elora Research Station, Ontario, in 1996 and 1997. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in leaf, stem + petiole, roots, and seeds were determined during the growing season. The newer cultivars had higher yields and higher seed N content. Contrary to the postulated association between leaf senescence and leaf N values, neither leaf N concentration nor leaf N content per unit leaf area (at R6) were association consistently with either yield or leaf area duration (LAD). Although most of the N in the seed was derived from N remobilized from vegetative tissue, the newer cultivars with their higher yields and LAD, remobilized no more N out of the vegetative tissue than did older, lower‐yielding ones. The newer cultivars were distinct from their older counterparts in their ability to accumulate more N during the seed filling period (SFP). Genetic improvement of the short‐season soybeans tested was a consequence of continued N accumulation during the SFP and was not due to differences in the genotype's capacity to remobilize or partition N to the seed.
Freeze Tolerance of Seed‐Producing Turf Bermudagrasses
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey A. , Taliaferro Charles M.
Published: July 2017

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., suffers periodic severe winter‐kill throughout much of its area of use in the contiguous USA. A research goal is to increase freeze tolerance in cultivars to lessen the risk of such damage. An identified research need is for Cynodon germplasm resources to be characterized for freeze tolerance and hybridization potential. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to characterize the relative freeze tolerance of selected fertile bermudagrass plants. Nine tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) C. dactylon and two triploid (2n = 3x = 27) hybrid (C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) clonal plants (standards) were evaluated in two experiments. Plants were propagated clonally and established in Cone‐tainers (Ray Leach Cone‐tainer Nursery, Canby, OR) for about 10 wk. Acclimation took place for 4 wk in controlled environment chambers at 8/2°C (day/night) temperatures with a 10‐h photoperiod. Following acclimation, Cone‐tainers were placed into a freeze chamber and cooled rapidly to −2°C, induced to freeze with ice chips, then held overnight at −2°C. The freeze chamber was then programmed to cool linearly at 1°C per hour. For each cultivar, three Cone‐tainers were removed at each test temperature. Following thawing, Cone‐tainers were transferred to a greenhouse and regrowth was evaluated visually. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate Tmid, which corresponded to the midpoint of the sigmoidal response curve of survival vs temperature. Within experiment one, Tifgreen (Tmid = −7.2°C) was significantly less cold hardy than Quickstand (−9.0°C), A‐12204 (−9.2°C), Midiron (−9.9°C), and A‐12195 (−10.5°C). A‐12195 was significantly hardier than all genotypes except Midiron. In the second experiment, Arizona Common (−6.6°C), Tifgreen (−7.1°C), and A‐12205 (−7.1°C) were less hardy than A‐9959 (−8.7°C), A‐12156 (−8.9°C), A‐12198 (−9.5°C), and Midiron (−10.0°C). Midiron was hardier than all genotypes except A‐12198. The range of test temperatures chosen did not allow estimate of a Tmid value for Zebra, but nearly 50% of the plants were killed at −6.0°C.
Ploidy Determination in Agrostis Using Flow Cytometry and Morphological Traits
Authors: Bonos Stacy A. , Plumley Karen A. , Meyer William A.
Published: July 2017

The taxonomic classification of the genus Agrostis is one of the most complicated of the grass genera. Classification based upon morphological and anatomical characters is difficult and complicated by the presence of intermediate forms and the misapplication of names. Determining ploidy levels of new germplasm can assist in species determination and is necessary before initiating breeding or genetics studies. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the use of laser flow cytometry as a quick, reliable tool to determine ploidy level and aid in Agrostis species determination, and (ii) identify morphological characters associated with DNA content or ploidy level. The six Agrostis species evaluated were A. canina L. subsp. canina, A. canina L. subsp. montana (Hartm.) Hartm., A. palustris Huds. [= A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.], A tenuis Sibth. (= A. capillaris L.), A. castellana Boiss. & Reut., and A alba L. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry and root tip chromosome counts. Plant height, panicle height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, and highest internode length of mature field‐grown spaced plants were measured. Significant differences in 2C DNA content were found between species (P < 0.01) differing in ploidy level. Flow cytometry was effective in differentiating between diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species. Chromosome numbers previously reported and those observed in this study were positively correlated with 2C nuclear DNA content (r = 0.98, P < 0.01). Flag leaf length was the only morphological measurement taken that was significantly positively correlated to DNA content (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that laser flow cytometry is a quick, reliable tool to determine ploidy levels and infer certain species of Agrostis This technique will aid breeders to quickly and accurately determine ploidy levels of new germplasm collections.
Effect of Dairy Compost Application and Plant Maturity on Forage Kenaf Cultivar Fiber Concentration and In Sacco Disappearance
Authors: Muir James P.
Published: July 2017

The forage potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown for silage has not been fully realized, in part, because of lack of understanding of its quality dynamics. This study was conducted for 2 yr to compare fiber components and in sacco dry matter (DM) disappearance (ISD) differences among cultivars, dairy manure compost application rates, and plant maturity. The application of compost increased (P = 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values only. Fiber components were affected by cultivar × plant maturity × year interactions [P < 0.05 for NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL)] with cultivar EV41, late‐season rainfall, and low maturity combining for the lowest values. Cultivar India, however, had as high or higher ISD values compared with the other two cultivars at any given plant maturity both years (cultivar × plant maturity × year ISD interaction, P < 0.05). Cultivar ISD residue fiber concentrations differed (P < 0.05) independently of year or plant maturity; ISD residue ADL and P concentrations also changed (P < 0.05) with plant maturity independently of year and cultivar. Changes in ISD residue NDF and ADF depended on both plant maturity and yearly rainfall patterns (NDF and ADF plant maturity × year interaction, P < 0.05). The proportion of N and P that disappeared in sacco was over 90% for all cultivars, maturities, and years. The proportions of NDF, ADF and ADL that disappeared in sacco, however, decreased with plant maturity and were generally higher for India. In this study, kenaf showed promise as a forage silage in semiarid regions. Differences in fiber concentrations and ISD among cultivars and plant maturity can be manipulated to increase kenaf's feed value to herbivores.
p53-Mdm2 Interaction Inhibitors as Novel Nongenotoxic Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nayak Surendra Kumar , Khatik Gopal L. , Narang Rakesh , Monga Vikramdeep , Chopra Harish Kumar
Published: July 2017

Background:

Cancer is a major global health problem with high mortality rate. Most of
the clinically used anticancer agents induce apoptosis through genotoxic stress at various stages of
cell cycle and activation of p53. Acting as a tumor suppressor, p53 plays a vital role in preventing
tumor development. Tumor suppressor function of p53 is effectively antagonized by its direct interaction
with murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) proteins via multiple mechanisms. Thus, p53-Mdm2
interaction has been found to be an important target for the development of novel anticancer agents.
Currently, nutlin, spirooxindole, isoquilinone and piperidinone analogues inhibiting p53-Mdm2 interaction
are found to be promising in the treatment of cancer.

Objective:

The current review focused to scrutinize the structural aspects of p53-Mdm2 interaction
inhibitors.

Methods:

The present study provides a detailed collection of published information on different
classes of inhibitors of p53-Mdm2 interaction as potential anticancer agents. The review highlighted
the structural aspects of various reported p53-Mdm2 inhibitors for optimization.

Results:

In the last few years, different classes of inhibitors of p53-Mdm2 have been designed and
developed, and seven such compounds are being evaluated in clinical trials as new anticancer drugs.
Further, to explore the role of p53 protein as a potential target for anticancer drug development, in
this review, the mechanism of Mdm2 mediated inactivation of p53 and recent developments on p53-
Mdm2 interactions inhibitors are discussed.

Conclusion:

Agents designed to block the p53-Mdm2 interaction may have a therapeutic potential
for the treatment of a subset of human cancers retaining wild-type p53. We review herein the recent
advances in the design and development of potent small molecules as p53-Mdm2 inhibitors.
Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Patients Treated with Orthodontic Self-ligating Multibracket Appliances: An in Vivo Case-Control Study
Authors: Portelli Marco , Militi Angela , Cervino Gabriele , Lauritano Floriana , Sambataro Sergio , Mainardi Alberto , Nucera Riccardo
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Oxidative stress is a pathologic event induced by a prevalence of oxidant agents on the antioxidant ones, with a consequent alteration of oxide-reducing balance.

Introduction:

Freeradicals produce damages both in cellular and extra-cellular components; phospholipid membranes, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, are the target of the oxidative stress, that can finally cause cellular death due to apoptosis.

Materials & Methods:

Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wires, resins and soldering have some components that can be considered as potential allergen, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and gene mutation factors. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate oxidative stress in the saliva of patients treated with multibracket self-ligating vestibular orthodontic appliances; the secondary purpose is to investigate the influence of orthodontic multibracket therapy on oral hygiene and the consequent effect on oxidative stress. Salivary specimens has been collected in a sample of 23 patients were enrolled (12 Female, 11 Male) between 12 and 16 years of age (mean age 14.2). For each patient has been collected a salivary specimen at the following time points; before orthodontic bonding (T1), five weeks (T2) and ten weeks (T3) after orthodontic appliance bonding.

Results:

Samples has been analysed with a photometer due to SAT Test (Salivary Antioxidant Test). Data obtained show a mean of 2971 mEq/l of anti-oxidant agents before orthodontic treatment, and after five weeks from the bonding the mean was decreased to 2909 mEq/l, instead at ten weeks was increased to 3332 mEq/l. Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal statistically significant differences between the time points (P = 0.1697). The study did not reveal any correlation between the level of dental hygiene and that of oxidative stress (Pearson Correlation Coefficient R = 0).

Conclusion:

Orthodontic treatment with multibrackets vestibular metallic appliance seems to be not able to affect oxidative stress during the first ten weeks of therapy.
Non-Coding RNAs are Differentially Expressed by Nocardia brasiliensis in Vitro and in Experimental Actinomycetoma
Authors: Cruz-Rabadán Josué S. , Miranda-Ríos Juan , Espín-Ocampo Guadalupe , Méndez-Tovar Luis J. , Maya-Pineda Héctor Rubén , Hernández-Hernández Francisca
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Nocardia spp. are common soil-inhabiting bacteria that frequently infect humans through traumatic injuries or inhalation routes and cause infections, such as actinomycetoma and nocardiosis, respectively. Nocardia brasiliensis is the main aetiological agent of actinomycetoma in various countries. Many bacterial non-coding RNAs are regulators of genes associated with virulence factors.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to identify non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) expressed during infection conditions and in free-living form (in vitro) in Nocardia brasiliensis.

Methods and Result:

The N. brasiliensis transcriptome (predominately < 200 nucleotides) was determined by RNA next-generation sequencing in both conditions. A total of seventy ncRNAs were identified in both conditions. Among these ncRNAs, 18 were differentially expressed, 12 were located within intergenic regions, and 2 were encoded as antisense of 2 different genes. Finally, 10 of these ncRNAs were studied by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, 3 transcripts corresponded to tRNA-derived fragments (tRNAsCys, Met, Thr), and one transcript was overlapped between an intergenic region and the 5´end of the 23S rRNA. Expression of these last four transcripts was increased during N. brasiliensis infection compared with the in vitro conditions.

Conclusion:

The results of this work suggest a possible role for these transcripts in the regulation of virulence genes in actinomycetoma pathogenesis.
Knowledge and Awareness of MTCT and PMTCT Post-Natal Follow-up Services Among HIV Infected Mothers in the Mankweng Region, South Africa
Authors: Ramoshaba Refilwe , Sithole Sello Levy
Published: July 2017

Background:

The pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most severe health challenge affecting children across the world. It is estimated that more than 90% of all HIV infections in children result from Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT). Poor knowledge and awareness of MTCT and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) among HIV positive mothers and their babies is a major setback to the success of the PMTCT programmes.

Methods:

A qualitative approach and a cross-sectional design were applied in this study. The sample size of the study was 26 participants. Purposive sampling was used to select HIV infected mothers enrolled for PMTCT follow-up services and health care providers responsible for the implementation of the PMTCT programmes. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen HIV infected mothers at two health facilities. Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with eleven health workers at the two health facilities. Focus groups comprised of six participants from Mankweng Clinic and five participants from Mankweng Gateway Clinic.

Results:

The findings from the study reveal that the majority of the respondents were aware of MTCT, but lacked knowledge and understanding about how a mother can transmit HIV to her child during pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding. The majority of the participants did not understand the risk of MTCT after birth and failed to mention breastfeeding as a mode of transmission. However, most of the participants were aware that MTCT can be prevented. The respondents were aware of the importance of treatment adherence as a prevention measure to avoid MTCT.

Conclusion:

Based on these findings, a number of recommendations were made. The first is that educational and awareness programmes need to be developed or strengthened on health risks. Mass campaign media should provide information on the importance of PMTCT activities through the use of community radio stations, Television, newsletters, bill boards etc. People need to know more about PMTCT activities, health personnel need continuous training to provide clear information on PMTCT activities.
Children, Youth and Road Environment: Road traffic accident
Authors: Masuri Mohamad Ghazali , Md Isa Khairil Anuar , Mohd Tahir Mohd Pozi
Published: July 2017

Driving is a complex process which involves eye-hand-foot coordination. Failure to coordinate will contribute to road traffic accidents (RTA). Young drivers usually represent the highest number of individuals involved in accident cases. Thus, three common ergonomics principles were examined in this study: human-machine-environment. Issues such as land use, vehicle design and the importance of law enforcement are briefly discussed. Further research is needed to improve drivers' behavior and responses while driving. Strict enforcement of legislation and early education on road safety is required. It is also suggested that developing countries should refer to the preventive model used in developed countries for reference.
Factores sociales asociados a la cultura de paz en Colombia ¿Estamos preparados para el reto?
Authors: Lopera Chaves Margarita , García Vega Liliana Marcela
Published: July 2017

La actual coyuntura histórico-política en Colombia ante un eventual post-acuerdo con uno de los grupos armados irregulares de mayor fuerza oposicional y vigencia en el tiempo, 60 años, representa una situación que permea e interviene en la consolidación de una cultura de paz. Desde esta perspectiva
el presente estudio cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio, describe los factores asociados a la cultura de paz en Colombia centrando su atención en 5 factores sociales, como predisponentes al establecimiento de ésta. El estudio empleó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en el que participaron 3600
colombianos. Para recolectar la información se utilizó como instrumento una encuesta. Los resultados describen que los colombianos anhelan la paz como fin fundamental de la vida social, y la conciben como las relaciones armónicas con los demás (factor convivencia), pero también advierten en sus respuestas una alta desconfianza en los actores políticos lo que se asocia a un rechazo de las formas activas de ejercicio de la ciudadanía (factor participación ciudadana) y al acatamiento pasivo de la ciudanía (factor gobernabilidad). El mayor impacto de una vivencia tan prolongada de conflicto, es un alto nivel de intolerancia e indiferencia que se asocia a creencias y percepciones (factores de emociones e
imaginario sociales). Aunque se encuentra una tendencia favorable a la cultura de paz, están firmemente arraigadas viejas prácticas sociales como la radicalización y polarización de posiciones, que deberán ser conjuradas, con un adecuado ejercicio de liderazgo y pedagogía ciudadana.
Modelo de gestión administrativo para equipos de fútbol profesional: caso Tungurahua-Ecuador / Management model for professional soccer teams: case Tungurahua-Ecuador
Authors: Zurita-Altamirano Julio , Medina-Chicaiza Patricio , Sailema-Torres Marcelo , Quispe-García Joselyn
Published: July 2017

El fútbol es un deporte que engloba a toda una sociedad. El objetivo de esta indagación es proponer un modelo de gestión administrativo para equipos de fútbol profesional en la provincia de Tungurahua-Ecuador. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo-explicativo, se aplican varios métodos e instrumentos que sustentan el rigor de la propuesta, entre los que destacan: análisis-síntesis, para demostrar la creación del modelo de gestión desde el punto de vista deportivo-administrativo; inductivo-deductivo, para analizar el fenómeno en todo su contexto, primero por parte y luego integrarlo para poder diseñar un modelo acorde a la realidad ecuatoriana. Se aplicó una encuesta a seguidores, dirigentes, jugadores y cuerpo técnico de los equipos de fútbol de la zona centro del país, sustentándose en un estudio de caso. Los resultados contribuyen al diseño del modelo de gestión administrativo, compuesto por determinados elementos con diferentes enfoques administrativos, desde lo financiero hasta la gestión de talento humano, en función de las distintas áreas de las instituciones deportivas.
Model Optimisasi Portofolio Investasi Mean-Variance Tanpa dan Dengan Aset Bebas Risiko pada Saham Idx30
Authors: Basuki Basuki , Sukono F , Carnia Ema
Published: July 2017

Dalam paper ini, model optimisasi portofolio investasi Mean-Variance tanpa aset bebas risiko, ataudisebut model dasar dari Markowitz telah dikaji untuk mendapatkan portofolio optimum.Berdasarkanmodel dasar dari Markowitz, kemudian dilakukan studi lebih lanjut pada model Mean-Variance denganaset bebas risiko. Selanjutnya, kedua model tersebut digunakan untuk menganalisis optimisasi portofolioinvestasi pada beberapa saham IDX30. Dalam paper ini diasumsikan bahwa proporsi sebesar 10%diinvestasikan pada aset bebas risiko, berupa deposito yang memberikan return sebesar 7% per tahun.Berdasarkan hasil analisis optimisasi portofolio investasi pada lima saham yang dipilih didapatkan grafikpermukaan efisien dari optimisasi portofolio Mean-Variance dengan aset bebas risiko, berada lebih tinggidibandingkan optimisasi portofolio Mean-Variance tanpa aset bebas risiko. Dalam hal ini menunjukkanbahwa portofolio investasi kombinasi dari aset bebas risiko dan aset tanpa bebas risiko, lebihmenguntungkan dibandingkan portofolio investasi yang hanya pada aset tanpa bebas risiko.
René Villarreal. El desequilibrio externo en la industrialización de México, 1929-1975, Un efoque estructuralista, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1976. 280 p.
Authors: Méndez Villarreal Sofía
Published: July 2017

.
Kennet Duncan e Ian Rutledge (comps.). Land and Labour in Latin America : Essays on the Development of Agrarian Capitalism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries, Cambridge, Latin American Studies, num. 26, Londres, Cambridge University Press, 1977. 535 p.
Authors: Peña Raúl De la
Published: July 2017

.
T. W. Hutchison. On revolution and progress in economic knowledge. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1978. 349 p.
Authors: García Rocha Adalberto
Published: July 2017

.
Presentación
Authors: . Redacción
Published: July 2017

.
G. L. S. Shackle. Essays on the nature of economic thought. Cambridge, Mass. : University Press, 1966. xiv, 301 p.
Authors: Uribe Jr. Pedro
Published: July 2017

.
Problemas relativos a la previsión de las necesidades de mano de obra en América Latina
Authors: Urquidi Víctor L.
Published: July 2017

.
La contracepción en el Tercer Mundo
Authors: Tabah Léon
Published: July 2017

-
Departamento de Desarrollo de las Instituciones Sociales, Oficina Internacional del Trabajo. La integración económica de América Latina : problemas de participación y de política laboral. Ginebra, 1968. 92 p.
Authors: Albrechtsen de A. Kirsten
Published: July 2017

.
Selectividad de migrantes a una metrópoli en un país en desarrollo : estudio de un caso mexicano
Authors: Browning Harley L. , Feindt Waltraut
Published: July 2017

.
A. Bohrisch y W. König, La política mexicana sobre inversiones extranjeras. Jornadas, 62. México, El Colegio de México, 1968. 82 p.
Authors: Albrechtsen de Appendini Kirsten
Published: July 2017

.
Louis Henry, Démographie : Analyse et Modéles, París, Librairie Larouse, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 1972. 341 p.
Authors: Porras Macías Agustín
Published: July 2017

.
Estimación de la mortalidad intercensal mediante el uso de factores de separación
Authors: Lerda Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

.
Experimentos con el modelo mexicano de insumo-producto
Authors: Uribe Pedro
Published: July 2017

.