bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of treadmill exercise on the liver, kidney health, and serum IL-10 levels in high-fat diet-induced obese male Wistar rats
Authors: M. Sheik Samreen , Mallya H. Madhukar , Manel Deepak Nayak , Ramesh Iyer Vani Lakshmi , Ranganath Pai Karkala Sreedhara , Suryakanth Varashree Bolar , Shenoy Revathi P.
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the impact of treadmill exercise on liver and kidney health in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), alongside serum IL-10 levels. Rats were divided into normal control, HFD, HFD with atorvastatin, and HFD with exercise groups. Obesity was induced over 11 months via the HFD, while the exercise group underwent treadmill training three times per week for 90 days. Parameters measured included body weight, lipid profile, liver and kidney function tests, rat interleukine-10, and histopathology of the liver and kidney. Significant increases in body weight, lipid profile, and liver and kidney function tests, alongside decreased IL-10 levels, were observed in the HFD groups, indicating obesity-associated complications. After 90 days of exercise, significant reductions in body weight and lipid profile, alongside improved liver and kidney functions were noted, accompanied by increased IL-10 expression. The exercise group exhibited occasional liver micro vesicular fat droplets but an otherwise healthy liver and kidney appearance. Treadmill exercise demonstrated beneficial effects on liver and kidney health in male obese rats with HFD-induced obesity, primarily through the amelioration of IL-10 levels.
Surviving extreme radiation
Authors: Swamy Chaitra Shree Udugere Shivakumara , Boothby Thomas C
Published: July 2024

Tiny animals known as tardigrades use a combination of DNA repair machinery and a novel protein to mend their genome after intense ionizing radiation.
Hsp47 promotes biogenesis of multi-subunit neuroreceptors in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Wang Ya-Juan , Di Xiao-Jing , Zhang Pei-Pei , Chen Xi , Williams Marnie P , Han Dong-Yun , Nashmi Raad , Henderson Brandon J , Moss Fraser J , Mu Ting-Wei
Published: July 2024

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) deficiency is an important contributing factor to neurological and metabolic diseases. However, how the proteostasis network orchestrates the folding and assembly of multi-subunit membrane proteins is poorly understood. Previous proteomics studies identified Hsp47 (Gene: SERPINH1), a heat shock protein in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, as the most enriched interacting chaperone for gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Here, we show that Hsp47 enhances the functional surface expression of GABAA receptors in rat neurons and human HEK293T cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanism study demonstrates that Hsp47 acts after BiP (Gene: HSPA5) and preferentially binds the folded conformation of GABAA receptors without inducing the unfolded protein response in HEK293T cells. Therefore, Hsp47 promotes the subunit-subunit interaction, the receptor assembly process, and the anterograde trafficking of GABAA receptors. Overexpressing Hsp47 is sufficient to correct the surface expression and function of epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor variants in HEK293T cells. Hsp47 also promotes the surface trafficking of other Cys-loop receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin type 3 receptors in HEK293T cells. Therefore, in addition to its known function as a collagen chaperone, this work establishes that Hsp47 plays a critical and general role in the maturation of multi-subunit Cys-loop neuroreceptors.
Basolateral amygdala oscillations enable fear learning in a biophysical model
Authors: Cattani Anna , Arnold Don B , McCarthy Michelle , Kopell Nancy
Published: July 2024

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key site where fear learning takes place through synaptic plasticity. Rodent research shows prominent low theta (∼3-6 Hz), high theta (∼6-12 Hz), and gamma (>30 Hz) rhythms in the BLA local field potential recordings. However, it is not understood what role these rhythms play in supporting the plasticity. Here, we create a biophysically detailed model of the BLA circuit to show that several classes of interneurons (PV, SOM, and VIP) in the BLA can be critically involved in producing the rhythms; these rhythms promote the formation of a dedicated fear circuit shaped through rhythmic gating of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Each class of interneurons is necessary for the plasticity. We find that the low theta rhythm is a biomarker of successful fear conditioning. Finally, we discuss how the peptide released by the VIP cell may alter the dynamics of plasticity to support the necessary fine timing.
Essential function of transmembrane transcription factor MYRF in promoting transcription of miRNA lin-4 during C. elegans development
Authors: Xu Zhimin , Wang Zhao , Wang Lifang , Qi Yingchuan B
Published: July 2024

Precise developmental timing control is essential for organism formation and function, but its mechanisms are unclear. In C. elegans, the microRNA lin-4 critically regulates developmental timing by post-transcriptionally downregulating the larval-stage-fate controller LIN-14. However, the mechanisms triggering the activation of lin-4 expression toward the end of the first larval stage remain unknown. We demonstrate that the transmembrane transcription factor MYRF-1 is necessary for lin-4 activation. MYRF-1 is initially localized on the cell membrane, and its increased cleavage and nuclear accumulation coincide with lin-4 expression timing. MYRF-1 regulates lin-4 expression cell-autonomously and hyperactive MYRF-1 can prematurely drive lin-4 expression in embryos and young first-stage larvae. The tandem lin-4 promoter DNA recruits MYRF-1GFP to form visible loci in the nucleus, suggesting that MYRF-1 directly binds to the lin-4 promoter. Our findings identify a crucial link in understanding developmental timing regulation and establish MYRF-1 as a key regulator of lin-4 expression.
Predictably manipulating photoreceptor light responses to reveal their role in downstream visual responses
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ingram Norianne T , Baudin Jacob , Angueyra Juan M , Sinha Raunak , Rieke Fred
Published: July 2024

Computation in neural circuits relies on judicious use of nonlinear circuit components. In many cases, multiple nonlinear components work collectively to control circuit outputs. Separating the contributions of these different components is difficult, and this hampers our understanding of the mechanistic basis of many important computations. Here, we introduce a tool that permits the design of light stimuli that predictably alter rod and cone phototransduction currents - including stimuli that compensate for nonlinear properties such as light adaptation. This tool, based on well-established models for the rod and cone phototransduction cascade, permits the separation of nonlinearities in phototransduction from those in downstream circuits. This will allow, for example, direct tests of how adaptation in rod and cone phototransduction affects downstream visual signals and perception.
An atlas of brain-bone sympathetic neural circuits in mice
Authors: Ryu Vitaly , Gumerova Anisa Azatovna , Witztum Ronit , Korkmaz Funda , Cullen Liam , Kannangara Hasni , Moldavski Ofer , Barak Orly , Lizneva Daria , Goosens Ki A , Stanley Sarah , Kim Se-Min , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone
Published: July 2024

There is clear evidence that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mediates bone metabolism. Histological studies show abundant SNS innervation of the periosteum and bone marrow–these nerves consist of noradrenergic fibers that immunostain for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, or neuropeptide Y. Nonetheless, the brain sites that send efferent SNS outflow to the bone have not yet been characterized. Using pseudorabies (PRV) viral transneuronal tracing, we report, for the first time, the identification of central SNS outflow sites that innervate bone. We find that the central SNS outflow to bone originates from 87 brain nuclei, sub-nuclei, and regions of six brain divisions, namely the midbrain and pons, hypothalamus, hindbrain medulla, forebrain, cerebral cortex, and thalamus. We also find that certain sites, such as the raphe magnus (RMg) of the medulla and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain, display greater degrees of PRV152 infection, suggesting that there is considerable site-specific variation in the levels of central SNS outflow to the bone. This comprehensive compendium illustrating the central coding and control of SNS efferent signals to bone should allow for a greater understanding of the neural regulation of bone metabolism, and importantly and of clinical relevance, mechanisms for central bone pain.
Dual Targeting of Histone Deacetylases and MYC as Potential Treatment Strategy for H3-K27M Pediatric Gliomas
Authors: Algranati Danielle , Oren Roni , Dassa Bareket , Fellus-Alyagor Liat , Plotnikov Alexander , Barr Haim , Harmelin Alon , London Nir , Ron Guy , Furth Noa , Shema Efrat
Published: July 2024

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are aggressive and fatal pediatric tumors of the central nervous system that are highly resistant to treatments. Lysine to methionine substitution of residue 27 on histone H3 (H3-K27M) is a driver mutation in DMGs, reshaping the epigenetic landscape of these cells to promote tumorigenesis. H3-K27M gliomas are characterized by deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation pathways, as well as the oncogenic MYC pathway. In search of effective treatment, we examined the therapeutic potential of dual targeting of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and MYC in these tumors. Treatment of H3-K27M patient-derived cells with Sulfopin, an inhibitor shown to block MYC-driven tumors
in-vivo
, in combination with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat, resulted in substantial decrease in cell viability. Moreover, transcriptome and epigenome profiling revealed synergistic effect of this drug combination in downregulation of prominent oncogenic pathways such as mTOR. Finally,
in-vivo
studies of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models showed significant tumor growth reduction in mice treated with the drug combination. These results highlight the combined treatment with PIN1 and HDAC inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for these aggressive tumors.
Mesolimbic dopamine ramps reflect environmental timescales
Authors: Floeder Joseph R , Jeong Huijeong , Mohebi Ali , Namboodiri Vijay Mohan K
Published: July 2024

Mesolimbic dopamine activity occasionally exhibits ramping dynamics, reigniting debate on theories of dopamine signaling. This debate is ongoing partly because the experimental conditions under which dopamine ramps emerge remain poorly understood. Here, we show that during Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, mesolimbic dopamine ramps are only observed when the inter-trial interval is short relative to the trial period. These results constrain theories of dopamine signaling and identify a critical variable determining the emergence of dopamine ramps.
Adaptive resilient containment control using reinforcement learning for nonlinear stochastic multi-agent systems under sensor faults
Authors: Mo Guanzong , Lyu Yixin
Published: July 2024

This article proposes an optimized backstepping control strategy designed for a category of nonlinear stochastic strict-feedback multi-agent systems (MASs) with sensor faults. The plan formulates optimized solutions for the respective subsystems by designing both virtual and actual controls, achieving overall optimization of the backstepping control. To address sensor faults, an adaptive neural network (NN) compensation control method is considered. The reinforcement learning (RL) framework based on neural network approximation is employed, deriving RL update rules from the negative gradient of a simple positive function correlated with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. This significantly simplifies the RL algorithm while relaxing the constraints for known dynamics and persistent excitation. The theoretical analysis, based on stochastic Lyapunov theory, demonstrates the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness (SGUUB) of all signals within the enclosed system, and illustrates the convergence of all follower outputs to the dynamic convex hull defined by the leaders. Ultimately, the proposed control strategy’s effectiveness is validated through numerical simulations.
A nova interpretação do Recurso Extraordinário com Agravo n. 1.309.642: impactos na qualidade de vida pela legitimidade de suas relações pós 70 anos de idade
Authors: Chagas Matheus Campos , Spricigo Ronaldo
Published: July 2024

Com as mudanças na forma como as pessoas vivem suas relações, além do aumento no tempo de vida, questões que antes eram vistas como exceções e recebiam um cuidado mais protecionista passaram a ser vistos como incômodos e não desejados pelas pessoas alvo. Um desses casos é o art. 1.641 do CC/02 que determinava a obrigatoriedade do regime de separação de bens no casamento para as pessoas maiores de 70 (setenta) anos. Com o crescente número de pessoas chegando a essa idade e desejando compartilhar não apenas a vida, mas também os bens, o STF precisou se posicionar sobre a discussão de forma que sobreveio uma mudança de pensamento através do Recurso Extraordinário com Agravo Nº 1.309.642. O presente artigo visa estudar a motivação e a decisão, compreendendo o comportamento do STF diante desta mudança de comportamento da população brasileira.
An Unusual Case of Solitary Oral Leishmaniasis in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Chakraborty Kaushik , Sardar Joyeeta , Chakraborty Sayani
Published: July 2024

Leishmaniasis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a flagellate protozoan from the genus Leishmania, transmitted by an insect vector belonging to either the genus Phlebotomus spp. or Lutzomyia spp. This disease is considered one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide due to its high detection rate and the morbidity it causes. A 70-year-old woman from a low-income background, with no significant medical or drug history and no other general constitutional symptoms, presented with an asymptomatic, exophytic, granulomatous growth that has a reddish hue. The growth is located on the lingual aspect of the mandibular anterior teeth region and has been progressing over the past six months. Radiographic features suggested associated chronic periodontitis along with hyperdense calcified deposits. On excisional biopsy and histopathology, the excised specimen revealed characteristic Leishmania amastigotes and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. An abdominal ultrasound was advised to rule out any visceral involvement, but no significant findings were observed. The present case is particularly intriguing due to oral mucosal involvement by Leishmania sp. without associated primary visceral or cutaneous lesions, especially given the male predilection (M:F=7:5) and the most common site involved being the posterior palatal region for Leishmaniasis. The present case represents a rare instance. Considering the difficult socio-economic circumstances, the involvement of the World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrates an understanding of the need for collaboration in supporting underprivileged communities.
Vitamin D and Metreleptin: A Therapeutic Alliance for Treating Depression Associated with Obesity
Authors: Venkatapathappa Priyanka , Shetty Achal , Srinivasaiah Ashakiran , Rangareddy Harish
Published: July 2024

Vitamin D has multifaceted roles in brain function beyond its traditional role in bone health, impacting neurotransmitters, inflammation, and mood-regulating brain areas where its receptors are present. Conversely, Vitamin D deficiency is often observed in obese individuals. Metreleptin, a synthetic form of human leptin, has demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss and alleviating depression among obese patients. However, there is limited direct evidence linking metreleptin to depression reduction or establishing an interaction between metreleptin and Vitamin D in this context. Vitamin D’s neurotrophic and immunomodulatory properties influence neurotransmitter regulation, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, vital for mood stability. The presence of Vitamin D Receptors (VDR) in regions of the brain linked to depression further supports its role in mood regulation. Moreover, Vitamin D’s anti-inflammatory effects contribute to mitigating brain inflammation associated with depression. Given the inverse relationship between obesity and Vitamin D levels, obese individuals are at higher risk of Vitamin D deficiency. Metreleptin, as a synthetic leptin analogue, has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing obesity. Thus, the plausible combination of Vitamin D and metreleptin presents a potential novel strategy for managing depression in obese individuals. Though these therapies may address the intricate interplay of depression in the context of obesity, rigorous research is essential to validate their efficacy and safety in tandem.
Impact of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Economics of Soybean in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills Agro-climatic Zone
Authors: Joshi Mansi , Sahu RP , Yadav Kamalkant , Gulaiya Shani , Pal Saurabh Singh , Kumar Manish , Singh Nandini , Rajpoot Ashutosh Singh
Published: July 2024

The field trial was conducted at Krishi Nagar Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the kharif season of 2021. The field experiment comprised six treatments and was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. Results showed a slight reduction in soil pH in treatments 100% Organic NM, 50% Organic NM + NF inputs BJG, 50% Organic + 50% Inorganic NM, and 25% Organic + NF inputs BJG + 25% Inorganic NM, while an increase was observed in T5 and T6 compared to the initial soil status. Changes in EC and OC under various treatments were not significant, but available N, P, and K levels varied significantly across treatments, showing increased values from the initial soil status. The treatment with 100% Organic NM had the highest cost of cultivation (Rs.31624), gross monetary return (Rs. 58605/ha), net monetary return (Rs. 26982/ha), and B:C ratio (1.85), followed by the treatment with 50% Organic NM + NF inputs.
Estimating the Association between Alcohol Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, and Sexual Behaviors among Men in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Odii Ikenna Obasi , Chipalo Edson , Musukuma Vituli , Mumba Mercy Ngosa
Published: July 2024

Aims: In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and sexual behaviors, and to examine whether alcohol consumption and tobacco use are predictors of sexual behaviors among men in Cote d’Ivoire.
Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample from the 2021 Code d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey (N=5,309) datasets, conducted among men aged 15 to 59 years old.
Place and Duration: The comprehensive survey spanned from September 8, 2021, to December 30, 2021, covering urban and rural areas in all 14 administrative districts in Cote d’Ivoire.
Methodology: Utilizing the IBM SPSS version 29, the prevalence estimates were derived as frequencies and proportions, while a multivariate logistic regression model analyzed the association between independent (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) and dependent variables (sexual behaviors).
Results: Among the participants, 5% reported alcohol use, while 9.4% were tobacco smokers, but 79.5% were sexually active with 27.6% reporting multiple sexual partnerships outside their spouse, yet only 16.1% used condoms during their last sexual encounter. Additionally, only 20.1% had undergone HIV testing, while 57.2% were aware of other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows significantly higher likelihood of alcohol consumption among sexually active participants (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.83 - 8.11, P<.001), with multiple sexual partnerships excluding their spouse (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI re= 1.35 – 2.38, P<.001), had tested for HIV (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.85, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.60 - 3.06, P<.001) respectively. Similarly, sexually active participants (AOR = 5.94, 95% CI = 3.32-10.61, P<.001), who had multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.88-1.40, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR =1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.62, P=0.012) also had greater odds of tobacco smoking. Conversely, participants who were aware of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) were significantly less likely to smoke tobacco (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.96, P = 0.029).
Conclusion: Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking appear to be strong predictors of male sexual behaviors in relation to recent sexual activity, multiple sexual partnerships, and awareness of STIs in Cote d’Ivoire. Interventions to reduce negative sexual reproductive health outcomes among men should also involve stricter innovative alcohol and tobacco control measures in Cote d’Ivoire. Future studies among men in Cote d’Ivoire should consider adopting interventions to encourage safe sex, and sexual reproductive health education.
Assessment of Knowledge of Farmers on Market-Led Extension Practices in Northern Karnataka
Authors: C Vasanthi , J. G. Angadi
Published: July 2024

With a significant increase in agricultural production, India has achieved self-reliance in food. However, the focus has now shifted from mere production increases to maximizing returns on investments. Liberalization, privatization and globalization have transformed the world into a global village, requiring Indian farmers to compete internationally. The extension system must evolve to equip farmers with market-oriented knowledge and skills. In this regard, the present study assessed farmers' knowledge of market-led extension practices in five districts of Northern Karnataka. The study sample comprised 240 respondents selected through simple random sampling. The results revealed that around forty per cent of grape growers belonged to the high knowledge category, followed by 52.50 per cent of areca nut growers and 42.50 per cent of maize growers who had a medium level of knowledge on market-led extension practices. Nearly ninety per cent of grape farmers had knowledge of production practices, followed by 75.63 per cent with knowledge of post-harvest practices. Regarding areca nut, 92.50 per cent had knowledge of post-harvest practices and 83.52 per cent of production practices. The majority of maize growers (86.25%) had knowledge of production practices, with 68.75 per cent knowledgeable about post-harvest practices. The study highlighted significant gaps in farmers' knowledge regarding export and brand management. Addressing these gaps through tailored extension interventions like technology adoption and market-focused training, is crucial for enhancing farmers' competitiveness and promoting sustainable agricultural enterprises in the region.
Análise da produção de podcast com tecnologia de transmissão de dados pela Internet: experiência da Rede Brasil no projeto Arbocontrol da Região Sudeste
Authors: Gerlin  Meri Nadia Marques , Achilles Daniele
Published: July 2024

Apresenta o objetivo de analisar o contexto de produção de uma coleção de podcasts de curta e média duração para plataformas de streaming com tecnologia de transmissão de dados pela internet, constituindo-se como um conjunto de áudios de fácil distribuição e socialização de conhecimentos visando o acesso de campanhas de informação sobre os Arbovírus dengue, zika e chikungunya (DZC). Enfatiza a pesquisa social, utiliza como procedimentos técnicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise das tipologias de podcasts. Coloca em questão o compartilhamento em redes sociais de tipologias e formatos dessas ferramentas, bem como identifica características de duração, estilo e finalidade desses produtos de áudio direcionados para a comunicação da informação na área da saúde. Considera o podcast como uma ferramenta de fácil acesso e potente no processo de comunicação da informação em saúde na atualidade, tendo envolvidos na produção e na análise deste produto pesquisadores da área da saúde, informação e comunicação que fazem parte da “Rede Brasil de Gestão da Informação e Tradução do Conhecimento em Saúde”, atuando no “Projeto Arbocontrol, coordenado pelo Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública da Universidade de Brasília. Destaca a coordenação e a proposição das ações de produção dos podcasts da Região Sudeste, o protagonismo dos pesquisadores docentes e bolsistas dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo e da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Mais Além do Princípio do Prazer
Authors: Velame João Victor
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho é uma investigação sobre a proposta lacaniana a respeito do que seria a ética da psicanálise e das consequências que esta traria para a práxis psicanalítica. Para isso, é realizado um breve percurso em torno da leitura que Lacan, no Seminário "A ética da psicanálise" (1959-1960), faz de algumas obras freudianas, bem como do que ele recorta delas, especialmente, as noções de "das Ding" e de "gozo". A partir disso, é analisado o modo como Lacan articula essas noções - e outras que são igualmente apresentadas em tal seminário - a práxis psicanalítica, bem como o que ele propõe, com elas, a respeito do que esta práxis pode vir a produzir em um determinado sujeito.
Considerações sobre o Inconsciente e a Repetição na Transferência
Authors: Fernandes Mriana Martins
Published: July 2024

O presente ensaio propõe pensar algumas faces dos conceitos psicanalíticos de inconsciente, repetição e transferência, tanto em sua dimensão teórica quanto clínica. Analisa-se, junto a Freud e Lacan, a relação entre estes e outros conceitos clínicos como os de recordação, infamiliar e fantasia (ou fantasma). Por meio do pensamento lacaniano, indica-se o caráter fundamental destes termos para o saber psicanalítico e sua relação com os conceitos de Tiquê e Autômaton. Ressalta-se, a partir de Freud, a sensação de infamiliaridade presente na repetição e, em Lacan, a fantasia inconsciente implicada na transferência. A virada freudiana com o Além do princípio do prazer (1920) corresponderia à viragem lacaniana de 1964 (Seminário 11) e seus desenvolvimentos posteriores (do fenômeno à estrutura). Compreende-se então o tratamento psicanalítico como a possibilidade de produção de novas cadeias significantes e novas repetições ao promover o encontro com o sentido não-todo da fala.
Declínio da função paterna
Authors: Araujo Amanda dos Santos
Published: July 2024

No presente trabalho iremos discorrer sobre como a queda da função paterna e o declínio da virilidade pode apresentar consequências na contemporaneidade. Abordaremos o imperativo materno como uma dessas possíveis consequências. Contemporaneamente, uma nova ordem é instaurada, caminhando para o lado feminino das fórmulas de sexuação, onde o gozo feminino ilimitado se faz presente e o discurso do mestre não pode mais controlar. Com isso, é colocada a seguinte questão: como a queda da função paterna pode influenciar na clínica das crianças em relação aos objetos fóbicos? Essa é a questão que tentaremos responder a seguir.
Ensaio
Authors: Nascimento Felix Gabriel
Published: July 2024

A concepção do artigo prossegue uma reflexão edificada na obra Sujeito da Psicanálise por Marcelo Fonseca Gomes de Souza com o objetivo de indagar a episteme do sujeito em estado psicótico. Portanto, é tanto descrito o sujeito científico, condicionante do pensamento cartesiano quanto o sujeito psicanalítico, pela perspectiva lacaniana. Logo, é cogitado o assujeitamento do estado psicótico, a partir da polarização antagônica, entretanto, convergente, em alguns tópicos, desses sujeitos. Assim, no desfecho do artigo, lançam-se hipóteses acerca do sujeito na psicose, mediado pelas reflexões dispostas no Seminário 3 de Jacques Lacan, "As Psicoses".
Psicose como Paradigma da Clínica Contemporânea
Authors: Carneiro Bastos Maria Clara
Published: July 2024

A clínica psicanalítica parte, sobretudo, do modo como cada um enfrenta as implicações de sua existência e suas relações com o mundo externo, tomando o subjetivo e irrepresentável. A inserção no discurso engendra uma trama social, onde cabe observar o modo singular com que cada um faz laço, valendo-se da ideia de que haverá sempre um resto, pedaço de real não completamente absorvido pela lógica discursiva. Será propriamente através da invenção de um sinthoma que este resto encontrará alguma estabilização, inserindo o Outro nesta construção (Lacan, 1975-1976/2007). Para alcançar a complexidade da época se toma a psicose como paradigma de compreensão da clínica contemporânea, pautada na responsabilidade do sujeito e de sua singularidade como diretrizes éticas. É a partir do paradigma da psicose e sua possibilidade de laço social, que poderemos ver as soluções, bricolagens e sinthomas que amparam a cada um. Portanto, resta acompanhar e testemunhar, no um a um dos casos, a forma como cada sujeito pode, ao seu modo, remendar a sua realidade, sempre psíquica.
Editorial
Authors: Machado Ricardo Gusmão
Published: July 2024

Editorial da segunda edição da revista Nós.
The Effects of Catalyst Layer Deposition Methodology on Electrode Performance
Authors: Jhong Huei‐Ru “Molly” , Brushett Fikile R. , Kenis Paul J. A.
Published: February 2013

The catalyst layer of the cathode is arguably the most critical component of low‐temperature fuel cells and carbon dioxide (CO2) electrolysis cells because their performance is typically limited by slow oxygen (O2) and CO2 reduction kinetics. While significant efforts have focused on developing cathode catalysts with improved activity and stability, fewer efforts have focused on engineering the catalyst layer structure to maximize catalyst utilization and overall electrode and system performance. Here, we study the performance of cathodes for O2 reduction and CO2 reduction as a function of three common catalyst layer preparation methods: hand‐painting, air‐brushing, and screen‐printing. We employed ex‐situ X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (MicroCT) to visualize the catalyst layer structure and established data processing procedures to quantify catalyst uniformity. By coupling structural analysis with in‐situ electrochemical characterization, we directly correlate variation in catalyst layer morphology to electrode performance. MicroCT and SEM analyses indicate that, as expected, more uniform catalyst distribution and less particle agglomeration, lead to better performance. Most importantly, the analyses reported here allow for the observed differences over a large geometric volume as a function of preparation methods to be quantified and explained for the first time. Depositing catalyst layers via a fully‐automated air‐brushing method led to a 56% improvement in fuel cell performance and a significant reduction in electrode‐to‐electrode variability. Furthermore, air‐brushing catalyst layers for CO2 reduction led to a 3‐fold increase in partial CO current density and enhanced product selectivity (94% CO) at similar cathode potential but a 10‐fold decrease in catalyst loading as compared to previous reports.
Multiple myeloma: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent
Published: February 2013

Disease overview

Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis requires 10% or more clonal plasma cells on bone marrow examination or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of associated end‐organ damage. In addition, the presence of 60% or more clonal plasma cells in the marrow is also considered as myeloma regardless of the presence or absence of end‐organ damage.

Risk stratification

In the absence of concurrent trisomies, patients with 17p deletion, t(14;16), and t(14;20) are considered to have high‐risk myeloma. Patients with t(4;14) translocation are considered intermediate‐risk. All others are considered as standard‐risk.

Risk‐adapted initial therapy

Standard‐risk patients can be treated with lenalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd), or a bortezomib‐containing triplet such as bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone (VCD). Intermediate‐risk and high‐risk patients require a bortezomib‐based triplet regimen. In eligible patients, initial therapy is given for approximately 4 months followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Standard‐risk patients can opt for delayed ASCT if stem cells can be cryopreserved. In patients are not candidates for transplant, initial therapy is given for approximately 12–18 months.

Maintenance therapy

After initial therapy, lenalidomide maintenance is considered for standard‐risk patients who are not in very good partial response or better, while maintenance with a bortezomib‐based regimen should be considered in pateints with intermediate or high‐risk myeloma.

Management of refractory disease

Patients with indolent relapse can be treated first with two‐drug or three‐drug combinations. Patients with more aggressive relapse often require therapy with a combination of multiple active agents. Am. J. Hematol. 88:225–235, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing Visual Signals as Visual Scenes
Authors: ALLEN WILLIAM L. , HIGHAM JAMES P.
Published: February 2013

The study of visual signal design is gaining momentum as techniques for studying signals become more sophisticated and more freely available. In this paper we discuss methods for analyzing the color and form of visual signals, for integrating signal components into visual scenes, and for producing visual signal stimuli for use in psychophysical experiments. Our recommended methods aim to be rigorous, detailed, quantitative, objective, and where possible based on the perceptual representation of the intended signal receiver(s). As methods for analyzing signal color and luminance have been outlined in previous publications we focus on analyzing form information by discussing how statistical shape analysis (SSA) methods can be used to analyze signal shape, and spatial filtering to analyze repetitive patterns. We also suggest the use of vector‐based approaches for integrating multiple signal components. In our opinion elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) is the most promising technique for shape quantification but we await the results of empirical comparison of techniques and the development of new shape analysis methods based on the cognitive and perceptual representations of receivers. Our manuscript should serve as an introductory guide to those interested in measuring visual signals, and while our examples focus on primate signals, the methods are applicable to quantifying visual signals in most taxa. Am. J. Primatol. 75:664–682, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Reproduction and Raising Offspring in a Nursery‐Reared SPF Baboon (Papio hamadryas anubis) Colony
Authors: BUDDA MADELINE L. , ELY JOHN J. , DOAN SANDRA , CHAVEZ‐SUAREZ MARIA , WHITE GARY L. , WOLF ROMAN F.
Published: February 2013

Baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) of a conventional breeding colony were nursery‐reared to create a specific pathogen‐free (SPF) baboon‐breeding program. Because the founding generations were nursery‐reared until 2 years of age, it was suspected that the SPF baboons would exhibit increased reproductive challenges as adults. Mothering behavior was of interest, because SPF females were not exposed to parental role models during the nursery‐rearing process. We compared reproductive data from the SPF baboon breeding program during its first 10 years with data from age‐matched baboons during the same period from an established, genetically‐similar conventional breeding colony. We also evaluated records documenting mother–infant behaviors within the SPF colony. The average age of menarche in SPF females was 3.3 years. The overall live birth rate of both SPF and conventional females was approximately 90%, with no difference in pregnancy outcome between the two colonies. The average age at first conception for SPF females was earlier (4.2 years) than that of the conventional females (4.7 years). In both colonies, primiparous females were more likely to abort than multiparous females. Similarly, primiparous females were more likely to lose their infants to death or human intervention. A mothering score system was developed in the SPF colony to facilitate intervention of poor mother–infant relationships. Records revealed 70% of SPF mothers were able to raise one or more of their infants successfully to at least 180 days of age, which did not differ from conventional mothers. SPF females returned to post‐partum amenorrhea 27 days sooner on average than the conventional females, independent of dam age. The nursery‐rearing process used for recruitment into the SPF colony therefore did not have an adverse effect on reproduction or rearing offspring. Am. J. Primatol. 75:798–806, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internal structure of bitumen/polymer/wax ternary mixtures for warm mix asphalts
Authors: Rossi Damiano , Filippi Sara , Merusi Filippo , Giuliani Felice , Polacco Giovanni
Published: February 2013

Polymer modified asphalts (PMA) and warm mix asphalts (WMA) are technologies widely adopted in the paving industry. The first one is well established, while the second one is relatively new, but rapidly growing since it guarantees economic and environmental advantages. Until now PMA and WMA have been used disjointedly, but it would be useful to combine them to keep the advantages of both. One of the adopted solutions to obtain a warm effect is the addition of waxes to the asphaltic binder. Therefore, a “warm mix polymer modified asphalt” may be potentially obtained with a ternary asphalt/polymer/wax system. However, the final warm effect and performances of the binder will depend on the interactions between the three components. A preliminary investigation was done by mixing asphalt, styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer and a wax chosen among the following three categories: paraffinic, partially oxidized and maleic anhydride functionalized. The morphological and calorimetric analyses and solubility tests allowed identifying different behaviors depending on the wax type, which may preferentially interact either with the asphalt or with the polymer, thus influencing the whole binder structure. With regard to the ternary mixes, it was found that: (i) the paraffinic wax preferentially resides in the polymer‐rich phase, and slightly enhances the asphalt‐polymer compatibility; (ii) the partially oxidized wax prefers the asphaltene‐rich phase and reduces the compatibility; (iii) it is not clear where the functionalized wax is located, but it has a considerable compatibilizing effect and strongly alters the colloidal equilibrium of the asphalt‐polymer blend. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polymer electrolytes integrated with ionic liquids for future electrochemical devices
Authors: Park Moon Jeong , Choi Ilyoung , Hong Jaewan , Kim Onnuri
Published: February 2013

The global energy crisis and an increase in environmental pollution in the recent years have drawn the attention of the scientific community towards the development of efficient electrochemical devices. Polymers containing charged species have the potential to serve as electrolytes in next‐generation devices and achieving high ion transport properties in these electrolytes is the key to improving their efficiency. In this article, we explore ways to improve the ion transport properties of solid polymer electrolytes by focusing on the use of ionic liquids (ILs). The application of IL‐incorporated polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries, high temperature fuel cells, and electro‐active actuators is summarized. For each system, the current level of understanding of the diverse factors affecting the transport properties of polymer electrolytes integrated with ILs is presented, in addition to the challenges encountered and strategies toward obtaining significantly improved device performances. The creation of self‐assembled morphologies in IL‐containing polymer electrolytes by the use of block copolymers is particularly highlighted as a novel prospective technique geared towards obtaining next‐generation electrochemical devices with enhanced performances. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reading as reconstruing: a social‐semiotic and pragmatist approach to inner sign‐making in the classroom
Authors: Taylor Stephen
Published: February 2013

Even though the existence and importance of inner forms of sign‐making are acknowledged in social‐semiotic educational research, their contours have, none the less, yet to be charted in a systematic way. This article uses a combination of social‐semiotic and pragmatist approaches to bring into focus some characteristics of pupils' inner sign‐making taking place during a research project which focused on literary and non‐literary classroom reading events involving 13‐ and 14‐year‐old students. It makes reference to a number of descriptions by students of their inner sign‐making in response to texts. These descriptions took the form of annotations and sketches, verbal commentaries and interview responses on two literary and two non‐literary texts, and they suggested that students' inner activity in response to all four texts appeared to operate in multimodal and genre‐dependent ways. This paper concludes by calling for further research into the role of pupils' inner sign‐making in classroom events and how it varies between different subjects, individuals or socio‐cultural groups.
Ethics, education policy and research: the phonics question reconsidered
Authors: Ellis Sue , Moss Gemma
Published: February 2013

This paper argues that direct control of the early years literacy curriculum recently exercised by politicians in England has made the boundaries between research, policy and practice increasingly fragile. It describes how policy came to focus most effort on the use of synthetic phonics programmes in the early years. It examines why the Clackmannanshire phonics intervention became the study most frequently cited to justify government policy and suggests a phonics research agenda that could more usefully inform teaching. It argues that, whilst academics cannot control how their research is eventually used by policy‐makers, learned societies can strengthen their ethics policies to set out clearer ground rules for academic researchers working across knowledge domains and with policy‐makers. A stronger framework to guide the ethical interpretation of research evidence in complex education investigations would allow more meaningful conversations to take place within and across research communities, and with research users. The paper suggests some features for such a framework.
Competitive binding of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and some other drugs to human serum albumin: a luminescence spectroscopic study
Authors: Seedher Neelam , Agarwal Pooja
Published: February 2013

Co‐administration of several drugs in multidrug therapy may alter the binding of each to human serum albumin (HSA) and hence their pharmacological activity. Thirty‐two frequently prescribed drug combinations, consisting of four fluoroquinolone antibiotics and eight competing drugs, have been studied using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. Competitive binding studies on the drug combinations are not available in the literature. In most cases, the presence of competing drug decreased the binding affinity of fluoroquinolone, resulting in an increase in the concentration of free pharmacologically active drug. The competitive binding mechanism involved could be interpreted in terms of the site specificity of the binding and competing drugs. For levofloxacin, the change in the binding affinity was small because in the presence of site II‐specific competing drugs, levofloxacin mainly occupied site I. A competitive interference mechanism was operative for sparfloxacin, whereas competitive interference as well as site‐to‐site displacement of competing drugs was observed in the case of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. For enrofloxacin, a different behavior was observed for different combinations; site‐to‐site displacement and conformational changes as well as independent binding has been observed for various drug combinations. Circular dichroism spectral studies showed that competitive binding did not cause any major structural changes in the HSA molecule. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility study of transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors: Velthuis S , van den Boezem P B , van der Peet D L , Cuesta M A , Sietses C
Published: February 2013

Background

Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancers is a safe alternative to open surgery. The conversion rate to open surgery remains fairly constant but is associated with increased morbidity. A new approach to the surgical excision of rectal cancer is transanal total mesorectal excision (TME), in which the rectum is mobilized peranally using endoscopic instruments. This feasibility study describes initial results with transanal TME.

Methods

Between June and August 2012, five consecutive unselected patients with rectal carcinoma underwent surgical excision of rectal tumours by means of transanal TME.

Results

Transanal endoscopic dissection of the complete rectum was possible in all patients. Histopathological examination confirmed clear surgical margins and an intact mesorectal fascia in all patients. One patient developed a presacral abscess. Median duration of operation was 175 (range 160–194) min.

Conclusion

Transanal TME using the down-to-up principle is feasible. Whether the oncological and clinical results are comparable with those of standard laparoscopic or open TME has yet to be proven.
Author's Response
Authors: Medina‐Torres L.
Published: February 2013

This article is related to 10.1002/ceat.201200130.
Analysis of circumferential shielding as a methodto decouple radiofrequency coils for high‐field MRI
Authors: Belliveau Jean‐Guy , Gilbert Kyle M. , Abou‐Khousa MOHAMED , Menon Ravi S.
Published: February 2013

Reducing the impact of mutual coupling in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiofrequency (RF) coil transmit/receive arrays constitutes a serious design challenge. Recently, it has been shown that mutual coupling in such arrays can be significantly reduced by circumferentially shielding the individual array elements. For such a decoupling method to be optimized and readily incorporated into future array designs, comprehensive analysis of the shield's effect on overall element and array performance is required. This study is focused on methodically analyzing this decoupling method to determine the effect of shielding geometry on overall coil performance in high‐field MRI. To this end, experiments on a 7‐Tesla MRI system, as well as full‐wave electromagnetic simulations, were performed and performance metrics, such as Q‐factor, power efficiency, transmit power, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and specific absorption rate (SAR), were investigated for different coil/shield configurations. Differences in the geometry of a RF coil and its respective shield resulted in an increase in peak SNR of up to 40% compared to an unshielded coil. This was concurrent with a 2–4 dB reduction in the required transmit power to produce a given flip angle and a 25% reduction in peak local SAR compared to the unshielded coil. Coupling between adjacent loaded coils was strongly influenced by the coil/shield geometry and ranged from –6.5 to –22.1 dB. Based upon the analysis presented herein, example coil‐array designs are provided and have been optimized for either peripheral or whole‐brain imaging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 43B:11–21, 2013