bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of ampulla of Vater with microsatellite instability and response to pembrolizumab immunotherapy
Authors: Samad Muhammad Adeel , Shelton Jarod , Asplund Martin , Penna Diane C. Shih Della , Johnson Dennis E.
Published: May 2022

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is a very rare entity and there are only 11 reported cases to date. We describe a case of primary SCC of the ampulla of Vater with microsatellite instability (MSI) and response to pembrolizumab immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SCC of the ampulla of Vater with MSI. Our patient is a 40-year-old male who presented with direct bilirubinemia (total bilirubin: 10.7, direct bilirubin: 7.1) and was noted to have a pancreatic head mass that measured 6.6 x 5.5 x 5.5 cm. The patient underwent a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection. Pathology showed 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.5 cm squamous cell carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater based on positive p40 and CK5 on immunohistochemistry. It was noted to be invading the pancreatic head and duodenal mucosal. Surgical margins were negative. Adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFIRINOX (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) was not performed because of active Hepatitis C infection. Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and radiation therapy was initiated however patient had progression of disease despite that. The patient was transitioned to Pembrolizumab in the context of MSI high tumor with palliative intent. He had an excellent response to immunotherapy. The therapy was stopped after 18 cycles at patient's request because of persistent symptoms of dizziness and lethargy. At the eight-month follow-up after the last cycle of immunotherapy (2.5 years after surgical resection), the patient had no evidence of relapse on the CT scan.
Preformulation Studies of Livofloxacin as Nanoemulsion for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Chaudhary Amit , Shivalika  , Tomar Bhupendra
Published: May 2022

Objective: Levofloxacin is the L-isomer of the racemate ofloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial agent. The objective of this article is to exhibit the quantitative methods used to determine consistency in developmental research. Author represented methods of preformulation for Levofloxacin as ocular nanoemulsion capable of delivering the drug in a sustained manner, thus avoiding frequent instillation of the drops which may induce toxic side effects and cellular damage at the ocular surface. Preformulation studies are essential to make sure the development of established as well as therapeutically safe and effective dosage form. Material and Methods: The preformulation studies, performed in this research include identification of drug, solubility analysis, and partition coefficient and drug compatibility. In current work entire preformulation study was carried out, which contain identification of drug, quantitative estimation of drug, solubility determination, melting point determination, partition coefficient determination, Screening etc. Results: The melting point of Levofloxacin was found to be 223–228°C. The log P value was found to be-0.34 ± 0.05, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly Lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax was found to be 298 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates the absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. Conclusion: These results propose that Levofloxacin serves as appropriate candidate for the ocular drug delivery system.
Standardization and Evaluation of an In-house Multiplex Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Simultaneous Detection of Pathogenic Species of Brucella, Rickettsia, and Leptospira in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness
Authors: Saravanan Nithiyanandan , Rajendiran Prashanth , Sankar Sathish , Ramamurthy Mageshbabu , Vadivel Kumaran , Babujanarthanam Ranganathan , Jesudason Mary V. , Varghese George , John Mercy , Mazhavancheril Mathew , Mangalakumar Rajarajeshwari , Nandagopal Balaji , Sridharan Gopalan
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives: Acute febrile illness is caused by a wide range of etiologies. Brucella, Rickettsia and Leptospira as a cause of acute febrile illness have not been well studied. Identification by culture is laborious and diagnosis is often based on serological tests. We aimed to develop an in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Brucella, Rickettsia and Leptospira and evaluate on samples collected from patients presenting with acute febrile illness. Methods: Samples (n=1101) were collected from patients presenting with acute febrile illness from different regions. An inhouse multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the specific detection of Brucella species, Rickettsia species and pathogenic species of Leptospira. The assay was evaluated on clinical samples. IgM ELISA was carried out on randomly selected samples (n=178). Results: The detection limit of the multiplex real-time PCR assay was 6.3, 43.7 and 1.2 genome copies per 10 μl of PCR input for Brucella, Rickettsia and Leptospira respectively. Among 1101 samples, Leptospira was positive in 1.36% samples and Rickettsia was positive in 0.36% samples. Among random samples, 37.1% of samples were positive for Brucella IgM, 19.6% were positive for Rickettsia IgM and 11.2% were positive for Leptospira IgM. Interpretation and Conclusions: The study showed a high seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Rickettsiosis among the samples. The in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay will be a useful tool in the syndromic diagnosis for a specific and comprehensive laboratory diagnostic testing.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish as an Antibacterial and Anticancer Agent- A Review
Authors: Aparna J. , Ampili M.
Published: May 2022

Fish contain many essential compounds that are important for human health. The presence of omega-3 fatty acids which includes eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increases the beneficial aspect of fish. This review intends to briefly describe the antibacterial and anticancer of fish oil extract. Several fish species which are enriched with omega-3 fatty acids content inhibits the growth of several pathogenic bacteria and cancer cell lines. Consumption of these types of fish also helps in control or reduction of health problems such as asthma and inflammation.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Beta-Sitosterol
Authors: Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Gunam Valli
Published: May 2022

Background: Phytosterols are commonly present in various plants, among which sitosterol is the abundant one. Various extracts of leaves of the plant were screened but a purified phytosterol like β-sitosterol (BS) is a compound of interest. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate for analgesic and anti-nociceptive property of activity BS. Materials and Methods: Hot plate test and Acetic acid-induced writhing’s test was used for evaluating the central and peripheral Antinociceptive activity and Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method. Results: BS (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was responsible for the significant and dose-dependent activity comparable with the standard. Conclusion: The dose dependent activity of β-sitosterol might be responsible for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, this may also be a vital observation for further studies.
Investigating Empathy: The Unresolved Enigma - A Multicenter Study among Dental Students in South India
Authors: Sanguida Adimoulame , Tamim T. Khadija , Fahi A. Ijjas
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Empathy in health care is associated with a reduction in patient’s anxiety, improved cooperation in child patients, increased treatment compliance, improved treatment outcomes, and reduced stress. A recent systematic review of research on empathy among dental students stated that there is not enough evidence to understand empathy among dental students. A gap still exists in the understanding of the link between Empathy and gender and year of study. This multi-centric, cross-sectional study assesses the gender-wise and year-wise differences in empathy among dental students in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and fourteen clinical students (3rd year, final year, interns and postgraduates) of three Dental Institutes participated in the study. Empathy was scored using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Healthcare Provider-Student version assessed on a five -point Likert scale. Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. (P < 0.05). Results: Mean Empathy Score among the dental students was 68.71 (SD 7.441); 32.4% were male 67.6% were female. Difference in mean empathy scores between males (67.64 ± 7.72) and Females (69.22 ± 7.26) was statistically significant (P = 0.043). Interns showed the highest empathy levels and post-graduates the lowest. However, the difference in empathy levels across the different years of study was not statistically significant. (Third year 68.75 ± 7.24, final year 68.07 ± 6.97, interns 69.82 ± 7.82 and postgraduates 67.87 ± 8.13; P = 0.206). Conclusion: Empathy level among the students was low. Females had higher empathy levels. Among the undergraduates, empathy levels did not decline with increase in year of study, a finding which is contradictory to existing evidence. Educational reforms in the existing curriculum are required to impart ethics and professionalism and improve the empathy levels of dental students.
Anthropometric and Body Composition Characteristics as Predictors of Ball Speed Performance in Cricket for Pace Bowlers: Multiple Regression Approach
Authors: Mandoli Sapna , Sharma Deepak , Joshi Hem Chandra
Published: May 2022

Aim and Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship of selected anthropometric and body compositional variables to the releasing speed of the ball in medium pace bowlers. Materials and Methods: Thirty senior’s women board players (BCCI) were selected for the study (mean age 23.4 ± 2.03, mean height 152.1 ± 3.44, and mean weight 52.4 ± 4.21). Sliding caliper and anthropometric rode were used for anthropometrical measurements, and for the body compositional measurement, bio-electrical impedance was used and the releasing speed of the ball was assessed using velocity speed radar gun. Results: Among all the selected variables, the model identified three variables which were muscle mass, total arm length, and fat and the regression model explains 97.6% of the total variability in the muscle mass, total arm length, and fat in relation to ball release speed of the pace bowlers and which is quite good. Conclusion: The regression equation which was developed by the model was as follow: Speed of the ball (performance of pace bowlers) = –94.767+5.15×(Muscle Mass)+1.488×(Total Arm Length)+0.220×(Fat).
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique with Free Exercises on Quality of Life in Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pawar Prajakta M. , Rayjade Amrutkuvar
Published: May 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory, symmetrical involvement polyarthritis disease. It affects many tissues in the body. The prevalence of RA in women varies from 0.5 to 3.8% and in men 0.15 to 1.37% with peak incidence in fourth decade of life. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) with free exercise on quality of life (QOL) in chronic RA. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using simple random sampling method during 1 year in Krishna Hospital. Pre- and post-design was used for assessing the study. SPSS software was used for analysis. Result: A total of 30 subjects were involved as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed with numerical rating scale (NRS) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). There was only one group. There is statistically significant difference with respect to mean value of NRS is (at rest) 1.30 ± 0.46, (on activity) 3.26 ± 0.58 with P < 0.0001, and HAQ 1.19 ± 0.25 with P < 0.0001. Conclusion: This study concluded that MET with free exercises on QOL in chronic RA has shown significant improvement clinically and statistically on QOL and pain.
Mycetoma of the Head and Neck: A Re-appraisal
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Singh Neelam , Gupta Nupur , Thakkar Tanya , Khan Shaiza
Published: May 2022

A neglected tropical disease, declared by the WHO in 2016, mycetoma, is a chronic granulomatous, mutilating and debilitating disease. Apart from affecting the lower limbs, it also affects the cervico-facial region, chest and abdomen. In the cervico-facial region, mycetoma of the paranasal sinuses, scalp, ear, and tongue have atypical presentation. Sinus mycetoma can be sequelae to allergic fungal sinusitis due to the raised intracranial pressure effects of mycotoxins whereas mycetoma of the scalp may present without discharging granules. Neglect of fungal sinusitis, chronic pain in the scalp can be detrimental in the long run. In the oral cavity, minor trauma and bad oral hygiene can contribute to mycetoma of the tongue or oral cavity, the latter being rare. Dental surgeons can also help in the early detection of mycetoma of the oral cavity and para-nasal sinuses, during dental examination. This article aims to review mycetoma of the cervico-facial region with the objective of addressing ways for early diagnosis.
Traditional Indian Medicinal Flowers in Floral Therapeutics: A Field Survey of Purvanchal, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kushwaha Jyoti , Singh Sadhana , Dwivedi Kamal Nayan
Published: May 2022

Flowers play an important role in our lives, whether medicinally or professionally, and flowers help to maintain health and a positive human relationship. The therapeutic uses of flowers utilized in Ayurveda has been attempted to be shown. Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Pushpa-Ayurveda were used to research the therapeutic use of flowers in ancient and modern literature. In this overview, medicinal flowers are found in special Vargas (groups) of Sushruta Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Pushpa-Ayurveda, respectively, and are grouped systematically in tabular form. Charaka and Vagbhat explained the medicinal advantages of flowers in a random manner. The topic is separated into two parts: the general health benefits of flowers and their pharmacological form. Most of the flowers listed in this study were used in the treatment of Jvara (Fever), Meha (Diabetes), Atisara (diarrhea), Krimi (Wormicidal), Hridaroga (In Heart problems), Kshaya (Wasting), Kasa (Cough), Svasa (Respiratorydiseases), Kustha (Skin diseases), Daha (Burning), Chardi (Vomiting), Raktapitta (Intrinsic hemorrhage), Sopha (Swelling), Dipana (Appetizer), Pachana (Digestive), and Vrana (Wound). Flowers have a special position in Ayurveda and have been employed in healing and sickness since ancient times. As a result, this work gives academics and clinicians who are actively engaged in medicinal plant research and medical practice a unique perspective.
Antioxidant Status in Serum of Long-term Areca Nut chewers and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Patients
Authors: Singh Hijam Chandramani , Choudhury Deepa , Sarma Pratap Chandra , Wankhar Wankupar
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate implications of serum antioxidant status in people with long-term areca nut chewers and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from areca nut chewers, OSCC patients, and control of both genders between the ages of 15 and 60 years. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric Acid, and protein were estimated using ELISA reader, semi-automatic biochemical analyzer, and spectrophotometer. Results: SOD level in OSCC patients was decrease when compared to control and areca nut chewers indicate a low antioxidant profile. Yet, a decrease in SOD level in areca nut chewers when compared to control suggests that areca nut chewers are also prone to oxidative stress. TAC a known cancer biomarkers are known to increase in tobacco and areca quid’s consumers. Increase serum TAC level in OSCC and areca nut chewers when compared to healthy control could further justify that areca nut chewers population are prone to OSCC. Our studies also showed that decrease uric acid level in areca nut chewers corresponds to decrease in free radical scavenging activity which relates to our SOD level in our earlier finding. Increase protein level was also observed in OSCC patients when compared to areca nut chewers and controls. Although, there was no significant change between areca nut chewers and controls, increase protein level in areca nut chewers indicates violation to the integrity of capillary bed or mucosal lining as occurs in oral neoplasia which can cause increase protein synthesis. Conclusion: Areca nut chewers can alter serum antioxidant enzymes and increase OSCC cancer biomarker. Hence, maintaining the antioxidants status can help limit the progression of precancerous condition toward malignancy.
Correlation between Postural Impairment and Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Shital Kolekar , Kajol Kulkarni , Sandeep Shinde , Pise Shilpa
Published: May 2022

The major complication of breast cancer is secondary lymphedema seen within few days to months after the surgery. Lymphedema has a debilitating effect on posture. The significance of this study is to show the effect of lymphedema on posture. These all have a huge impact on the quality of life of patients, within her family as well as working places. This study provides a platform to assess the spinal posture which may be at risk due to lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. Hence, the study is to find out correlation between spinal postural impairment and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors and to assess the correlation between demographic variables and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. The aim of the study was to study and find out the correlation between postural impairment and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. This was an observational study with the total of 116 breast cancer survivor women’s who had undergone radiotherapy and surgery were selected from Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad. Their age ranged from 35 to 60 years old. The outcome measures which were included are postural examination chart in the anterior, posterior, lateral views by plumb line, muscle length test, muscle strength test, pain assessment using visual analog scale, and lymphedema measurement using inch tape. The obtained results showed statistically high significant increase in the forward head posture, rounded shoulders, thoracic kyphosis and scoliosis, scapular dyskinesis, and increased volume of affected arm. There were high significant correlation between spinal postural impairments and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors and also correlation between demographic variables and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors.
Digital Impression in Dentistry-A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Irina , Singh Kavipal , Sethi Nimish
Published: May 2022

Digital techniques in dentistry offer a fully digital computerized workflow that does not include the standard multiple traditional phases. Digital imprint and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems offer a wide range of benefits compared to traditional techniques. The introduction of intraoral scanners has radically changed the way in which the dentists approach the restorative workflow. The constant evolution of the hardware and software in relation to this has made a digital end-to-end restorative solutions a reality. Precision, accuracy, and hassle-free procedures have made these systems user-friendly and patient-friendly. There are many advantages in using this advanced technology.
Aspect of Identity Crisis Faced by Adolescents: A Comparative Study of Rudrapur and Lucknow
Authors: Kumari Anju , Sharmila Khwairakpam , Agrawal Shalini
Published: May 2022

An identity crisis is a personal and psychosocial conflict that occurs during adolescence, though may happen at any time. It involves confusion about one’s social role and sense of self. The present study intends to identify the aspects of identity crisis faced by adolescents. Sample for the study comprised of 160 adolescents (88 boys and 72 girls) between 10 and19 years of age group. Aspects of identity questionnaire by Cheek and Briggs were used to assess the level of identity. The questionnaire measures the identity in terms of who are and what a particular person is and what constitute person’s identity. The scale measures four aspects of identity which include the personal identity, relational identity, social identity, and collective identity. Results reveal that the majority of the adolescents faced personal, relational, and collective identity orientation on an average.
Assessment of Protein Oxidation Status and Its Correlation with Antioxidant Potential in Preeclampsia
Authors: Mishra Jigeesha , Pandey Kanti Bhooshan , Srivastava Shailendra Kumar
Published: May 2022

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess protein oxidation status and its correlation with antioxidant potential in serum during preeclampsia (PE). Materials and Methods: A casecontrol study was performed on 63 pregnant subjects (mean age = 30 tential in serpreeclamptic and 32 age-matched normotensive (control) pregnant women. Serum samples were analyzed for total protein, globulin, albumin, protein carbonyls (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential. Results: Compared to the control pregnant subjects, a compromised serum protein pattern, elevated PCO (P < 0.01), and AOPP (P < 0.02) were observed in PE pregnant women that were correlated significantly with the total antioxidant potential of serum. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that PE pregnancies are susceptible to protein oxidation which may be due to diminished antioxidant potential during PE. The study concludes that oxidative modulation of proteins may be one of the major causative factors in complicating the maternal and fetal conditions during PE.
Phytochemical and Anti-bacterial Activity of Toddalia asiatica: A Wild Nutraceutical
Authors: Singh Arvinder , Lama Rohini , Panda Asim , Marndi Sugimani , Devi Rajkumari Supriya , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: May 2022

Toddalia asiatica (Rutaceae) a woody liana is used traditionally in the treatment of malaria, sprains, cough, fever, neuralgia, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and other disease conditions. A wide range of chemical constituents are found in leaf extracts such as tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds and in fruit extract, phytoconstituents such as tannin, saponin, phenolic compounds, and reducing sugar are reportedly present. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. It was investigated that the leaf and fruit extract of T. asiatica showed potential antibacterial activity against human pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella flexneri. This study could be helpful to develop antibacterial agent against the tested strains which will help to formulate a new drug effective against these pathogens.
A Review on Plant Nutrients Correlation with Fruit Production of Cocos nucifera L.
Authors: Kotecha Jalpa L. , Ram Vijay R.
Published: May 2022

Benefits and usefulness of the plants are directly connected to the nutrient composition of that plant. With growing population, the need for every commodities is going to increase in future years. The basic requirement of food (crops, fruits, vegetables, etc.) is of major concern, which should be looked on with utmost importance. To achieve this, high production yield from every plant with their adequate nutrients retained and without affecting the environment is highly desirable. Hence, keeping this as of major concern, various parameters that affects the nutrient content of Cocos nucifera L. (coconut palm) and its relation to production yield is discussed in the present article.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: risk factors, current possibilities of diagnosis and treatment optimisation
Authors: Maev I. V. , Andreev D. N. , Ovsepyan M. A. , Barkalova E. V.
Published: May 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common causes of health care seeking at the primary care level in many countries. At an epidemiological level, GERD has been shown to be associated with a number of risk factors: obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, certain patterns of eating behaviour, and the use of several medications. GERD is now regarded as a heterogeneous disease and includes different phenotypes (erosive reflux disease, non-erosive reflux disease, hypersensitive oesophagus, functional heartburn), the proper diagnosis of which improves the effectiveness of therapy in patients with heartburn symptoms. Daily impedance–pH monitoring is known to be an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm for GERD and is a functional diagnostic method to record all types of refluxes entering the oesophagus regardless of pH, to assess their association with symptoms, and to determine whether patients with heartburn symptoms belong to a particular phenotype. Esophageal manometry plays a key role in the evaluation of patients with heartburn symptoms, as it helps to rule out other conditions that may mimic GERD: achalasia cardia and scleroderma esophagus. This technique is used to assess thoracic esophageal motility and sphincter function and in the assessment of patients prior to antireflux surgery or in the refractory course of GERD. The article describes in detail GERD risk factors (triggers of heartburn), as well as diagnostic aspects, taking into account a differentiated approach to patients with heartburn based on daily impedance–pH monitoring data in accordance with the current guidelines and recommendations.
Efficacy of rabeprazole (Razo®) in the treatment of various clinical variants of GERD: results from the GERBERA study
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Cherepnin M. A. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh J. L. , Kasparov E. V. , Maslennikova N. A. , Pavlova N. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is extremely common in the structure of gastroenterological diseases. Aim. To conduct a prospective observational post-marketing study of rabeprazole (Razo®) 20 mg taking once daily in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) after 2 and 4 weeks of therapy and esophagitis stage A and B after 4 weeks of therapy (GERBERA).

Materials and methods. 75 patients with GERD were included in the study (36 men and 39 women, mean age 41.7 ± 1.5 years). Clinical examination with the completion of standard questionnaires, assessment of the quality of life of patients were performed at three visits: before the start of the treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks of therapy. Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in all patients before treatment and in patients with esophagitis after 4 weeks of therapy. All patients received rabeprazole (Razo®) at a dose of 20 mg once a day for the treatment of GERD. The diagnosis of heartburn and sour eructation was carried out according to the recommendations of the Montreal Consensus, the diagnosis of esophagitis was performed based on the Los Angeles classification.

Results and discussion. Among patients with NERD, 74.1% of patients responded to Razo® therapy after 2 weeks of treatment, after 4 weeks  the proportion of responders increased to 94.4% (p = 0.008). Healing of erosions after  4 weeks  was observed  in 90.5% of patients with esophagitis. Razo® therapy was accompanied by a pronounced improvement in GERD patients in all parameters of quality of life and patient satisfaction with the results of Razo® treatment.

Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, we obtained high efficacy of Razo® at a dose of 20 mg once a day for the treatment of patients with NERD and erosive esophagitis.
Tactics of managing a patient with fatty liver disease coursing in the background of a polyorgan digestive tract: clinical observation
Authors: Osadchuk A. M. , Fadeeva N. A. , Loranskaya I. D.
Published: May 2022

Preparations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are effective in the treatment of various forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurring against the background of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux. However, their effectiveness in the treatment of hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis has not been sufficiently studied. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis, including those with obesity and NAFLD. It is assumed that the combined administration of GA and UDCA can be accompanied by a mutual potentiation of the effect of the drugs. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with NAFLD, obesity, dyslipidemia, GERD, refractory to treatment with proton pump inhibitors, associated with duodenogastroesophageal reflux, reflux gastritis and hologenic diarrhea. It was shown that GERD, reflux gastritis, and hologenic diarrhea developed in the long-term period after cholecystectomy. At the same time, the appointment of a complex preparation containing GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) made it possible to stop the manifestations of a typical reflux syndrome in patients with a form of GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitors, reflux gastritis, and diarrheal syndrome associated with an excess of bile acids, improve lipid profile parameters. It has been shown that the administration of GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) can improve the parameters of the intestinal microbiome and lipid metabolism, which can be used in the treatment of patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. At the same time, patients with comorbid pathology, including NAFLD, GERD, reflux esophagitis, hologenic diarrhea, and dyslipidemia require long-term maintenance therapy with GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg).
Pathogenetic and clinical significance of the gut-liver microbiota axis
Authors: Dicheva D. T. , Andreev D. N.
Published: May 2022

Today, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) account for more than 50% of chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis in developed countries. The clinical significance of these pathologies lies in the formation of liver fibrosis and, therefore, in the increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are life-threatening conditions. NAFLD is based on obesity and insulin resistance, whereas alcohol consumption is central to the etiopathogenesis of ALD. Recently, the role of the gut-liver microbiota axis in the genesis of NAFLD and ALD has also received increasing attention. Changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microbiota and alterations of barrier function of intestinal mucosa can lead to entry of intraluminal antigens through portal vein system into the liver, inducing damage to hepatocytes and activation of proinflammatory processes. It is shown that in patients with CLD (NAFLD and ALD) there is an increase in  the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and dysbiotic changes of the intestinal microbiome. The role of the gut-liver microbiota axis is well described in the genesis of NAFLD and ALD. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased colonies of Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal mucosa and, therefore, to the accumulation of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide components of bacterial cell membranes). Acetaldehyde produced by ADH of the intestinal epithelium stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of tight cell contacts, increasing intestinal mucosal permeability, which leads to translocation of endotoxins into the portal bloodstream. Obesity is a major risk factor for NAFLD, which is also associated with dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiome. Obese individuals have increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes, mediated reduction of short-chain fatty acid synthesis and increased intestinal wall permeability due to disruption of intercellular dense contacts, which leads  to increased translocation of bacteria and endotoxins into the systemic bloodstream.
Unbiased Pairwise Approach toward Learning-to-Rank: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ha Tran Manh
Published: May 2022

With the bloom of information technology in recent decades, people are constantly being exposed to a huge amount of information. Learning-to-rank comes out as one of the solutions to ease out the mentioned obstacle by trying to rearrange objects according to their degrees of importance or relevance. This solution usually applies machine learning techniques to construct ranking models in information retrieval systems. The aim of this study is to explore and experiment the existing learning-to-rank approaches with real-life logs data. The study also includes estimating and minimizing the bias noise found in the click-through data of the recorded logs. Evaluation results have presented the advantage and disadvantage of the experimented approaches in realistic settings.
An efficient approach to measure the difficulty degree of practical programming exercises based on student performances
Authors: Tran Huy , Vu Tien Van , Nguyen Hoang Viet , Tran Duy , Nguyen Thinh Tien , Le Van Thanh
Published: May 2022

This study examines the generality of easy to hard practice questions in programming subjects. One of the most important contributions is to propose four new formulas for determining the difficulty degree of questions. These formulas aim to describe different aspects of difficulty degree from the learner's perspective instead of the instructor's subjective opinions. Then, we used clustering technique to group the questions into three easy, medium and difficult degrees. The results will be the baseline to consider the generality of the exercise sets according to each topic. The proposed solution is then tested on the data set that includes the results of the two subjects: Programming Fundamentals, Data Structures and Algorithms from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. The most important result is to suggest the instructors complete various degrees according to each topic for better evaluating student's performance.
Neighborhood search for solving personal scheduling problem in available time windows with split-min and deadline constraints
Authors: Trang Son Hong , Tran Lang Van , Huynh Nguyen Tuong
Published: May 2022

The scheduling of individual jobs with certain constraints so that efficiency is a matter of concern. Jobs have deadlines to complete, can be broken down but not too small, and will be scheduled into some available time windows. The goal of the problem is to find a solution so that all jobs are completed as soon as possible. This problem is proved to be a strongly $NP$-hard problem. The implementation of the proposed MILP model using a CPLEX solver was also conducted to determine the optimal solution for the small-size dataset. For large-size dataset, heuristic algorithms are recommended such as First Come First Served (FCFS), Earliest Deadline (EDL), and neighborhood search including  Stochastic Hill Climbing (SHC), Random Restart Hill Climbing (RRHC), Simulated Annealing (SA) to determine a good solution in an acceptable time. Experimental results will present in detail the performance among the groups of exact, heuristic, and neighborhood search methods.
Two-Phase Defect Detection Using Clustering and Classification Methods
Authors: Tran Ha Manh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Le Son Thanh , Huynh Giang Vu Truong , Lam Tuan Bao
Published: May 2022

Autonomous fault management of network and distributed systems is a challenging research problem and attracts many research activities. Solving this problem heavily depends on expertise knowledge and supporting tools for monitoring and detecting defects automatically. Recent research activities have focused on machine learning techniques that scrutinize system output data for mining abnormal events and detecting defects. This paper proposes a two-phase defect detection for network and distributed systems using log messages clustering and classification. The approach takes advantage of K-means clustering method to obtain abnormal messages and random forest method to detect the relationship of the abnormal messages and the existing defects. Several experiments have evaluated the performance of this approach using the log message data of Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and the bug report data of Bug Tracking System (BTS). Evaluation results have disclosed some remarks with lessons learned.
Generating Website Codes from Images
Authors: Lai Nguyen My Ha , Huynh Thien Ngoc
Published: May 2022

Brainstorm website layout ideas usually start with everyone giving out their mockups, and all the team members will discuss to finalize the layout of the user interface. Once a vision of that mockup is accepted, it is given to the designer to sketch it digitally on computer software (i.e., Photoshop, Figma, Sketch). When the designer completes, the developer based on the final design to code the UI/UX of the website. As we can see, the process requires three stages, which can be time-consuming. Therefore, if anyone has an idea for the professional website layout, they can visualize it by drawing on sketches. However, it can be impossible for them to make a usable website without designers and website developers. Due to that reason, our primary goal in this paper is to help individuals transform their hand-drawn sketch images into a website that can be deployed. To achieve that goal, we present two approaches: classical computer vision techniques and the other using a deep learning model to detect the sketch and execute the conversion. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that deep learning is the most promising direction. Still, classical techniques also improve the model’s input data by applying it in the pre-processing image.
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENTIALITY AT EXPRESSING EMOTIONAL-EVALUATIVE INTENSION IN TIBETAN
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Kramskova Anna S.
Published: May 2022

Modern Tibetan has a paradigm of evidential verb forms, with the help of which the speaker indicates the source of information or their access to it. The semantically marked testimonial evidentiality (which corresponds to sensory sources of information about the fact of the utterance) can be used by the speaker to implement various communicative intensions, in particular, emotional-evaluative intension. This article presents the results of a study of speaker’s expression of emotional-evaluative intension using the forms of testimonial evidentiality in Modern Literary Tibetan. The relevance of the work is based on the insufficient study of how Tibetan speakers express communicative intensions and how evidentiality is implemented in written Modern Tibetan. The analysis was carried out on a morphosyntactically marked corpus of 83,018 tokens combining 20 texts of various genres of fiction, academic and journalistic writing in Modern Tibetan. A speaker was understood as any addresser of an utterance in direct speech and first person narration parts of the text (author, literary character, lyrical subject). For the selection and analysis of utterances with an emotional-evaluative intension, contextual analysis was used, characterizing the addresser, addressee and the object of the utterance, speech situation, as well as the meaning of the verb form in the scope of the operational context. The analysis showed that when expressing emotional- evaluative intension with the help of testimonial evidentiality, the speaker emphasizes one of the aspects of the meaning of this type of evidentiality: 1) objective or perceptual lack of control over the observed action or situation by the speaker; 2) direct evidence of the fact of the utterance as a source for an unaddressed emotional state; 3) direct observation of the speaker as an evidence for assessing and validating the reliability of the reported fact. The article provides information on the evidential system of the Tibetan language and the most common communicative intensions formalized by testimonial evidentiality, as well as discusses in detail individual cases of expressing emotional-evaluative intension along with the analysis of the speaker’s communicative position and his choice of means of expression. Refs 22.
THE RHYME AND THE FORMULA IN POPULAR FAROESE POETRY
Authors:   Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University, Piotrovsky Dmitry D.
Published: May 2022

The main means which organizes the verse in popular Faroese poetry is end rhyme. In four-line stanzas the rhyme connects the second and the fourth lines, in two-line ones both present lines. The Faroese rhyme is not strict. It is enough only to repeat the stressed vowel, the consonant following after might vary. The part of the word which follows the stressed vowel may undergo significant changes. The masculine ending sometimes rhymes with the feminine one. Even the stressed vowel might vary to some extent. The Faroese rhyme is often trivial. The ballads on the Faroese Isles were oral. So, some special formula technique was applied for their transition. The means of the formula technique are formulas and repetitions. The formulas are metrically conditioned reproducible word groups having the length of one line, meanwhile the repetitions are metrically non-conditioned sequences of different length. The formulas and repetitions, as well as they perform the same function of the building material for the oral poetic text, also possess the same structure. They both are composed from permanent end variable parts. In repetitions their entwinement takes different forms. They may follow one another, usually first comes the permanent part then the variable one. The permanent part sometimes occupies the second half of one stanza and then the first half of the following stanza. The permanent end variable parts might cross one another. In this case the permanent part occupies unpair lines and the variable part occupies pair ones. The distribution of these parts of both formulas and repetitions is tied to the rhyming places of the verse. The rhyming word is usually located in the variable part but sometimes it is found in the permanent part. This one more time proves that there is no impenetrable boundary between formulas and repetitions. Refs 8.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PHONOSEMANTIC POTENTIAL OF FICTIONAL LEXIS
Authors:   St Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Davydova Varvara A. , Shamina Elena A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the results of a psycholinguistic experiment that is part of a broader study of iconicity in fictional languages. The research is carried out in accordance with the ideas of St Petersburg School of Phonosemantics, founded by S. V. Voronin, which asserts the presence, in many cases, of both universal and specific non-conventional correspondence between the sound form and the semantics of linguistic units. Iconic words of fictional languages, selected in the course of phonosemantic analysis, were presented to the participants in their sound form. The subjects had to choose the most appropriate meaning for the sound complexes from the contrasting meanings offered in the questionnaire. These constituted designations of size, shape, sound, etc, which are characteristic of i conic language signs. The respondents were native speakers of Russian and English. The survey was conducted remotely. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the respondents react to the word-stimuli in accordance with their universal iconic properties, and the speakers of both non-closely related languages demonstrate similar reactions. In 17 out of 20 cases, they were able to choose the meaning originally conceived by the author of the fictional language. The respondents’ correct choices embrace both the designations of acoustic events and the sound-symbolic names of physiological processes and non-acoustic properties of the signified. Thus, the hypothesis about the non-random selection of sound forms for the transmission of meanings by authors of fictional languages is confirmed, and this, apparently, is determined by the universal iconic properties of linguistic systems. Refs 33.
The mystery of development: An unenchanted future
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Danilov Alexander N.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the actual problems of civilizational development and the mechanisms for the emergence of a new world. The process of civilizational development is complex, dynamic, and multivariate. The consumer society, which dominates the world today, is often considered as the only possible perspective of modern civilization, and its ideals and values are presented as a role model. It is assumed that the value attitudes of this kind of society have a number of advantages over all other social and cultural types of organization of social life and offer endless opportunities for economic development for those regions that accept them. The problems that arise in the course of implementing the consumer society’s value attitudes are becoming more and more obvious today. The only question is, are these problems transient difficulties in the transformation of this type of society in order to triumph on a global scale, or do they indicate its historical limitations and by no means the unconditional continuity of its value orientations? The latter issue is all the more important for societies where this type of organization of socio-economic and cultural life is not organic and where other prospects for the development of civilization are possible. In the conditions of global instability, we can observe arising connections and interactions that establish some kind of new integrity. Here, from a methodological point of view, it is important to define the positions from which we can consider this integrity. The mechanism itself and the motives for choosing a new one, the role of the clash of cultures in this action, the conflict of values, the emergence and rooting of new life meanings merit attention. Therefore, it is important to identify some general development trends to understand how our future is born and what history will choose this time.