bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heteroepitaxial growth of InGaSb on GaSb/Si(111)–√3 × √3‐Ga surface phase with a two‐step growth method to investigate the impact of high‐quality GaSb buffer layer
Authors: Monzur‐Ul‐Akhir Ahmed Ali Mohammad , Mori Masayuki , Maezawa Koichi
Published: November 2016

An investigation was performed on the heteroepitaxial growth of InxGa1–xSb on GaSb/Si(111)–√3 × √3‐Ga substrate following a two‐step growth method. The buffer layer flux ratio of Ga and Sb has been controlled precisely to grow a high‐quality GaSb layer without twins, whereas the ratio of In and Ga varied for epitaxial InxGa1–xSb layers. The growth conditions during film deposition were kept the same for growth with and without a high‐quality buffer layer of GaSb. The ratio x ranges from 0.75 to 0.9 in steps of 0.05. To analyze and compare the growth, reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) have been performed and studied. It was found that the high‐quality (HQ) GaSb buffer layer is necessary to decrease twins in the growing InGaSb layer.
Note: Critical Factors in Opening Pharmaceutical Packages: a Usability Study among Healthcare Workers, Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Elderly Women
Authors: Sormunen Erja , Nevala Nina , Sipilä Sarianna
Published: November 2016

The article from this special issue was previously published in Packaging Technology in Science, Volume 27, Issue 7, 2014. For completeness we are including the title page of the article below. The full text of the article can be read in Issue 27:7 on Wiley Online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pts.2048/abstract
Note: Capturing the User Mindset – Using the Online Research Community Method in Packaging Research
Authors: Joutsela Markus , Korhonen Virpi
Published: November 2016

The article from this special issue was previously published in Packaging Technology in Science, Volume 28, Issue 4, 2015. For completeness we are including the title page of the article below. The full text of the article can be read in Issue 28:4 on Wiley Online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pts.2106/abstract
Cyanine‐Anchored Silica Nanochannels for Light‐Driven Synergistic Thermo‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Deng Yibin , Huang Li , Yang Hong , Ke Hengte , He Hui , Guo Zhengqing , Yang Tao , Zhu Aijun , Wu Hong , Chen Huabing
Published: November 2016

Smart nanoparticles are increasingly important in a variety of applications such as cancer therapy. However, it is still a major challenge to develop light‐responsive nanoparticles that can maximize the potency of synergistic thermo‐chemotherapy under light irradiation. Here, spatially confined cyanine‐anchored silica nanochannels loaded with chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (CS‐DOX‐NCs) for light‐driven synergistic cancer therapy are introduced. CS‐DOX‐NCs possess a J‐type aggregation conformation of cyanine dye within the nanochannels and encapsulate doxorubicin through the π–π interaction with cyanine dye. Under near‐infrared light irradiation, CS‐DOX‐NCs produce the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency through the maximized nonradiative transition of J‐type Cypate aggregates, trigger the light‐driven drug release through the destabilization of temperature‐sensitive π–π interaction, and generate the effective intracellular translocation of doxorubicin from the lysosomes to cytoplasma through reactive oxygen species‐mediated lysosomal disruption, thereby causing the potent in vivo hyperthermia and intracellular trafficking of drug into cytoplasma at tumors. Moreover, CS‐DOX‐NCs possess good resistance to photobleaching and preferable tumor accumulation, facilitating severe photoinduced cell damage, and subsequent synergy between photothermal and chemotherapeutic therapy with tumor ablation. These findings provide new insights of light‐driven nanoparticles for synergistic cancer therapy.
Bmp5 Regulates Neural Crest Cell Survival and Proliferation via Two Different Signaling Pathways
Authors: Shih Hung-Yu , Hsu Shu-Yuan , Ouyang Pin , Lin Sheng-Jia , Chou Ting-Yun , Chiang Ming-Chang , Cheng Yi-Chuan
Published: November 2016

Neural crest progenitor cells, which give rise to many ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives, must maintain a delicate balance of apoptosis and proliferation for their final tissue contributions. Here we show that zebrafish bmp5 is expressed in neural crest progenitor cells and that it activates the Smad and Erk signaling pathways to regulate cell survival and proliferation, respectively. Loss-of-function analysis showed that Bmp5 was required for cell survival and this response is mediated by the Smad–Msxb signaling cascade. However, the Bmp5–Smad–Msxb signaling pathway had no effect on cell proliferation. In contrast, Bmp5 was sufficient to induce cell proliferation through the Mek–Erk–Id3 signaling cascade, whereas disruption of this signaling cascade had no effect on cell survival. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important regulatory mechanism for bone morphogenic protein-initiated signal transduction underlying the formation of neural crest progenitors.
Higher rank ABJM Wilson loops from matrix models
Authors: Cookmeyer Tessa , Liu James T. , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract

We compute the vacuum expectation values of 1/6 supersymmetric Wilson loops in higher dimensional representations of the gauge group in ABJM theory. We present results for the m-symmetric and m-antisymmetric representations by exploiting standard matrix model techniques. At leading order, in the saddle point approximation, our expressions reproduce holographic results from both D6 and D2 branes corresponding to the antisymmetric and symmetric representations, respectively. We also compute 1/N corrections to the leading saddle point results.
Laparoscopic Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vărcuş Flore , Beuran Mircea , Lica Ioan , Turculet Claudiu , Cotarlet Adrian Valentin , Georgescu Stefan , Vintila Dan , Sabău Dan , Sabau Alexandru , Ciuce Constantin , Bintintan Vasile , Georgescu Eugen , Popescu Razvan , Tarta Cristi , Surlin Valeriu
Published: November 2016

Backgrounds

The incidence of patients presenting with perforated peptic ulcers (PPU) has decreased during the last decades. At the same time, a laparoscopic approach to this condition has been adopted by increased number of surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early postoperative results of the laparoscopic treatment of perforated peptic ulcer performed in eight Romanian surgical centers with extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2013, 297 patients with perforated peptic ulcer were operated in the eight centers participating in this retrospective study. The patients’ charts were reviewed for demographics, surgical procedure, complications and short‐term outcomes.

Results

Boey score of 0 was found in 122 patients (41.1%), Boey 1 in 169 (56.9%), Boey 3 in 6 (2.0%). For 145 (48.8%) patients, primary suture repair was performed, in 146 (49.2%) primary suture repair with omentopexy. There were 6 (2.0%) conversions to open surgery. The operative time was between 25 and 120 min, with a mean of 68 min. Two (0.7%) deaths were noted. Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days, ranges 3–25 days. Postoperative complications included: 7 (2.4%) superficial surgical site infections, 5 (1.6%) cardiovascular, 3 (1.0%) pulmonary, 2 (0.7%) duodenal leakages, 3 (1.0%) deep space infections and 1 (0.3%) upper digestive hemorrhage.

Conclusions

This study shows that the laparoscopic approach for PPU is feasible; the procedure is safe, with no increased risk of duodenal fistulae or residual intraperitoneal abscesses. We now consider the laparoscopic approach for PPU as the “gold standard” in patients with Boey score 0 or 1.
The Clinical Indications for Limited Surgery of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Amano Ryosuke , Ymazoe Sadaaki , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: November 2016

Background

There are many reports about limited surgery for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. However, there is no consensus on limited surgery for IPMNs. The primary objective of this study was to define the clinical indications for limited surgery for IPMNs.

Methods

The data of 98 patients who underwent curative resections for IPMN were retrospectively analyzed. IPMNs were classified into four different pathological grades: low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), intermediate‐grade dysplasia (IGD), high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), and invasive carcinoma (Inv‐IPMN). Inv‐IPMNs were divided into T1a, T1b, and T1c or over T1c (≥T1c). Based on preoperative radiological findings, IPMNs were stratified into the three groups using the 2012 International Consensus Guidelines: worrisome features, high‐risk stigmata (HRS), and others.

Results

There were no positive lymph node cases and no recurrent cases of LGDs, IGDs, and HGDs. On the other hand, positive lymph node cases in T1a, T1b, and ≥T1c were seen in 37.5, 20, and 22.2% of cases, respectively. The recurrence rates of T1a, T1b, and ≥T1c were 50, 40, and 55.6%, respectively. Of the HRS cases, 30 (73.2%) were malignant and 25 (61%) were Inv‐IPMN. HRS showed sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 77.5%, and accuracy of 81.6% to identify Inv‐IPMN by preoperative imaging.

Conclusions

Limited surgery such as parenchyma‐sparing pancreatectomy should be avoided for all cases of Inv‐IPMNs, because every Inv‐IPMN including T1a has the potential for lymph node metastasis and recurrence. HRS had high preoperative diagnostic ability for predicting Inv‐IPMN. For cases that meet HRS criteria, pancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy is needed, and limited surgery should be withheld.
Adrenal Injuries: Historical Facts and Modern Truths
Authors: DiGiacomo Jody C. , Angus L. D. George , Coffield Edward
Published: November 2016

Background

Prior to the advent of whole body computed tomography, injuries of the adrenal gland were almost exclusively identified on postmortem examinations and were associated with severe injury. Recent literature has continued to identify an association between adrenal injuries and high ISS. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of adrenal trauma on ISS and mortality while controlling for potential confounding factors.

Methods

A 15‐year retrospective review for all adrenal gland injuries from a Level 1 Trauma Center’s Trauma Registry was performed. Based on the characteristics of that patient population, the same Trauma Registry was then queried for case‐matched patients, and the two groups compared to assess the influence of adrenal gland injuries on mortality.

Results

Seventy‐two patients with adrenal injuries were identified and compared to 1026 case‐matched patients. The adrenal gland injury was not a contributing factor in any of the study group mortalities. The mean ISS for the adrenal gland injured group was higher than the overall Registry ISS (18.7 vs 10.6) but almost identical to the ISS of patients case matched for abdominal injuries.

Conclusion

Case‐matched analysis based on multiple clinical variables demonstrates that the ISS of patients with adrenal gland injuries were similar to the ISS of patients with other injuries to the abdominal region and were in fact associated with a 0.02% decrease in mortality.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Compliance with Guidelines of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Elderly Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy
Authors: Jeong Oh , Park Young Kyu , Jung Mi Ran , Ryu Seong Yeob
Published: November 2016

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) aims at expediting postoperative recovery by implementing specific strategies in perioperative management. However, the tolerance to such fast‐tracking protocols is under debate, especially in elderly patients. We aimed to investigate rate of compliance with the main ERAS guidelines in elderly gastrectomy patients.

Methods

Using data for 168 gastric cancer patients who underwent ERAS after gastrectomy as part of Clinical Trial NCT01653496, we calculated the rates of compliance with nine main ERAS guidelines and compared the compliance rates of elderly (≥70 years) and non‐elderly (<70 years) patients. Surgical outcomes and fulfillment of criteria for postoperative discharge were also compared.

Results

The study included 55 elderly and 113 non‐elderly patients. There were no significant differences between these groups of patients with respect to operative techniques and tumor stage. Except for restricted intravenous fluid administration, the patients in both groups showed very high compliance rates (>90%) for every ERAS guideline. Notably, the overall compliance rates did not differ significantly between the groups. Postoperatively, the mean time to fulfillment of discharge criteria was slightly longer for elderly patients (4.7 vs. 4.2 days, p = 0.005), but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the incidence of postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and readmission rate.

Conclusion

Compliance of the medically and physically fit elderly patients with the main ERAS guidelines is comparable to that of non‐elderly patients, and such protocols can be safely applied to elderly patients without significant modification.
Effects of Colour towards Underwear Choice Based on Electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Aprilianty Fitri , Purwanegara Mustika Sufiati , Suprijanto
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether colours as stimuli can affect underwear choice based on consumers’ EEG recording as biological response to elicit preferences towards underwear products. The study employs applications of neuroscience methods to analyse the physiological choice process. Twenty underwear buyers were asked to evaluate several underwear colours (red, white, blue, brown, grey and black) by using wireless EEG headset with 6 channels to collect EEG signals from participants’ frontal, temporal and occipital brain areas that can give us a measure to estimate consumers’ choice. The result indicated there was a clear and significant change (p < 0.05) of EEG brain waves activities of right and left hemisphere in the frontal (F3 and F4), temporal (T7 and T8), and occipital (O1 and O2) brain areas when participants indicated their preferred colour. Additionally, based on the results female consumer prefers underwear which has red colour while male consumer prefers white colour. This research would essentially contribute in enriching marketing research method by using more advanced experimental designs rather than traditional marketing research methods.
The World of Mr Casaubon
Authors: Kidd Colin
Published: November 2016

The World of Mr Casaubon takes as its point of departure a fictional character - Mr Casaubon in George Eliot's classic novel, Middlemarch. The author of an unfinished 'Key to All Mythologies', Casaubon has become an icon of obscurantism, irrelevance and futility. Crossing conventional disciplinary boundaries, Colin Kidd excavates Casaubon's hinterland, and illuminates the fierce ideological war which raged over the use of pagan myths to defend Christianity from the existential threat posed by radical Enlightenment criticism. Notwithstanding Eliot's portrayal of Casaubon, Anglican mythographers were far from unworldly, and actively rebutted the radical freethinking associated with the Enlightenment and French Revolution. Orientalism was a major theatre in this ideological conflict, and mythography also played an indirect but influential role in framing the new science of anthropology. The World of Mr Casaubon is rich in interdisciplinary twists and ironies, and paints a vivid picture of the intellectual world of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain.
The Psychologist's Companion
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. , Sternberg Karin
Published: November 2016

The Psychologist's Companion, 6th edition is written for students, young professionals, and even mid-career scholars. It is the most comprehensive guide available to both written and oral communication processes for academic psychologists. It covers the topics necessary for career success, including planning papers, writing papers, presenting data, evaluating one's papers, writing grant proposals, giving talks, finding a book publisher, doing job interviews, and doing media interviews. Because the book is in its sixth edition, it is market tested for success in reaching and engaging its readers. Two special (new) pedagogical features are 'Experience is the best teacher', which draws on the authors' personal experiences to help make the book more personalized and exciting to readers, and 'What's wrong here', which gives readers an opportunity for active learning while they read the book. The authors have written the book in a personable and often humorous style that will keep readers engaged.
Numerical investigation and potential tunability scheme on and stimulated pair creation from vacuum using high intensity laser beams
Authors: Ploumistakis I. , Moustaizis S. D. , Tsohantjis I.
Published: November 2016

Numerical estimates for electrons and mesons particle–antiparticle creation from vacuum in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields are derived, using the complete probability density relation of Popov’s imaginary time method (Popov, JETP Lett. 13, 185 (1971); Sov. Phys. JETP 34, 709 (1972); Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 659 (1972); Popov and Marinov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 16, 449 (1973); JETP Lett. 18, 255 (1974); Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 19, 584 (1974)); (Popov, Phys. Let. A 298, 83 (2002)), and within the framework of an experimental setup like the E144 (Burke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1626 (1997)). The existence of crossing point among pair creation efficiency curves of different photon energies and the role of odd/even multiphoton orders in the production rates are discussed. Finally a kind of tunability process between the two creation processes is discussed.
An Indigenous Academic Perspective to Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Knowledge and Traditions: A Fiji Case Study
Authors: Ali Wahab
Published: November 2016

Indigenous knowledge is multidimensional encompassing the beliefs, practices, arts, spirituality and other forms of traditional and cultural experiences that belong to Indigenous communities globally. In order to protect, preserve and recognize the knowledge of the Indigenous people of Fiji, known as the iTaukei, the University of Fiji has established a Centre for iTaukei Studies. The Centre apart from its cultural dimension has adopted the western system of disseminating knowledge through publications, text books and teacher education programmes. While maintaining the importance of preserving the originality of the Indigenous cultural identity and practices, the paper highlights how the infusion of the cultures of the Indigenous people and that of the Indo-Fijians, who have co-existed together for over 100 years, has shaped the unique multicultural landscape in Fiji.
A randomised-controlled trial of the effects of very low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets on cognitive performance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tay Jeannie , Zajac Ian T. , Thompson Campbell H. , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie D. , Danthiir Vanessa , Noakes Manny , Buckley Jonathan D. , Wittert Gary A. , Brinkworth Grant D.
Published: November 2016

This study compared the longer-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In total, 115 obese adults with T2D (sixty-six males, BMI: 34·6 (sd 4·3) kg/m2, age: 58 (sd 7) years, HbA1c: 7·3 (sd 1·1) %, diabetes duration: 8 (sd 6) years) were randomised to consume either an energy-restricted, very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat (LC) diet or an energy-matched high unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) diet with supervised aerobic/resistance exercise (60 min, 3 d/week) for 52 weeks. Body weight, HbA1c and cognitive performance assessing perceptual speed, reasoning speed, reasoning ability, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, short-term memory, inhibition and memory scanning speed were assessed before and after intervention. No differences in the changes in cognitive test performance scores between the diet groups were observed for any of the cognitive function outcomes assessed (P≥0·24 time×diet). Percentage reduction in body weight correlated with improvements with perceptual speed performance. In obese adults with T2D, both LC and HC weight-loss diets combined with exercise training had similar effects on cognitive performance. This suggests that an LC diet integrated within a lifestyle modification programme can be used as a strategy for weight and diabetes management without the concern of negatively affecting cognitive function.
Sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of the early signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: role of melatonin and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Jin Cheng Jun , Engstler Anna Janina , Sellmann Cathrin , Ziegenhardt Doreen , Landmann Marianne , Kanuri Giridhar , Lounis Hakima , Schröder Markus , Vetter Walter , Bergheim Ina
Published: November 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide with universally accepted treatments still lacking. Oral supplementation of sodium butyrate (SoB) has been suggested to attenuate liver damage of various aetiologies. Our study aimed to further delineate mechanisms involved in the SoB-dependent hepatic protection using a mouse model of fructose-induced NAFLD and in in vitro models. C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a fructose-enriched liquid diet ±0·6 g/kg body weight per d SoB or standard chow for 6 weeks. Markers of liver damage, intestinal barrier function, glucose metabolism, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and melatonin signalling were determined in mice. Differentiated human carcinoma colon-2 (Caco-2) and J774A.1 cells were used to determine molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of SoB. Despite having no effects on markers of intestinal barrier function and glucose metabolism or body weight gain, SoB supplementation significantly attenuated fructose-induced hepatic TAG accumulation and inflammation. The protective effects of SoB were associated with significantly lower expression of markers of the TLR-4-dependent signalling cascade, concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in liver. Treatment with SoB increased melatonin levels and expression of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis in duodenal tissue and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, treatment with melatonin significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and nitrate levels in J774A.1 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that the protective effects of SoB on the development of fructose-induced NAFLD in mice are associated with an increased duodenal melatonin synthesis and attenuation of iNOS induction in liver.
Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought
Authors: RAO I. M. , BEEBE S. E. , POLANIA J. , GRAJALES M. , CAJIAO C. , RICAURTE J. , GARCÍA R. , RIVERA M.
Published: November 2016

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.
From Beijing to Palestine: Zhang Chengzhi's Journeys from Red Guard Radicalism to Global Islam
Authors: Lovell Julia
Published: November 2016

This article traces the intellectual evolution of Zhang Chengzhi (b. 1948), a contemporary Chinese poet, novelist, essayist, archaeologist, and ethnographer, from Mao-era radicalism to Islamic internationalism. Allegedly the inventor of the term “Red Guard” in the context of the Cultural Revolution, he has remained an unapologetic defender of Mao and of the “Red Guard spirit” since the 1960s. In 1987, meanwhile, Zhang converted to an impoverished and ascetic sect of Chinese Islam, the Jahriyya, and since the 2000s he has become one of China's most prominent spokesmen for global Islam. This article explores how Zhang has reconciled his zeal for Cultural Revolution Maoism, on the one hand, with Pan-Islamist positions on the other. Although Zhang's stance suffers from undoubted contradictions and inconsistencies, his career and beliefs illuminate the complexities of the legacy of Mao's and the Cultural Revolutions, of Chinese intellectual dissidence, and of the contemporary trajectories of Chinese internationalism and global Islam.
Cortical and Autonomic Patterns of Emotion Experiencing During a Recall Task
Authors: Brugnera Agostino , Adorni Roberta , Compare Angelo , Zarbo Cristina , Sakatani Kaoru
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Emotions characterized by opposite valences (positive vs. negative) seem to lead to specific patterns of autonomic and cortical activity. For example, according to valence or approach-withdrawal hypotheses, specific emotions lead to an asymmetrical activation of left or right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The aim of the present study was to explore the psychophysiological underpinnings of emotion experiencing using a paradigm with higher ecological validity than is typically accomplished in neuroimaging research. A total of 28 healthy participants were instructed to recall personally-relevant situations from the past that caused positive (happiness) or negative (anger) emotions, during a 2 min silent preparatory phase and a subsequent 3 min verbal phase. A wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) recording system and a portable 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device were used to collect heart rate (HR), high frequencies of heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and the hemodynamic responses of prefrontal cortex during the entire procedure. Results showed that during both anger and happiness recall tasks, HR increased and high frequencies of HRV decreased with respect to the baseline. HR and HF-HRV reached, respectively, their highest and lowest points during the verbal phase of anger recall task. NIRS data evidenced a bilateral increase of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes during both anger and happiness recall tasks, which was highest during the verbal phases. However, no lateralization patterns were found. Overall, present results suggest that the experience of negative emotions, if compared with positive ones, is characterized by a combination of reduced parasympathetic activation and/or increased sympathetic activation. Thus, cardiological data provided partial support to autonomic specificity of emotions. However, the recall paradigm did not evidence an asymmetry of PFC activity during the experience of emotions with opposite valences, probably due to the high number of factors impacting prefrontal activity during a recall paradigm.
PPFIA1 drives active α5β1 integrin recycling and controls fibronectin fibrillogenesis and vascular morphogenesis
Authors: Mana Giulia , Clapero Fabiana , Panieri Emiliano , Panero Valentina , Böttcher Ralph T. , Tseng Hui-Yuan , Saltarin Federico , Astanina Elena , Wolanska Katarzyna I. , Morgan Mark R. , Humphries Martin J. , Santoro Massimo M. , Serini Guido , Valdembri Donatella
Published: November 2016

Basolateral polymerization of cellular fibronectin (FN) into a meshwork drives endothelial cell (EC) polarity and vascular remodelling. However, mechanisms coordinating α5β1 integrin-mediated extracellular FN endocytosis and exocytosis of newly synthesized FN remain elusive. Here we show that, on Rab21-elicited internalization, FN-bound/active α5β1 is recycled to the EC surface. We identify a pathway, comprising the regulators of post-Golgi carrier formation PI4KB and AP-1A, the small GTPase Rab11B, the surface tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRF and its adaptor PPFIA1, which we propose acts as a funnel combining FN secretion and recycling of active α5β1 integrin from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the EC surface, thus allowing FN fibrillogenesis. In this framework, PPFIA1 interacts with active α5β1 integrin and localizes close to EC adhesions where post-Golgi carriers are targeted. We show that PPFIA1 is required for FN polymerization-dependent vascular morphogenesis, both in vitro and in the developing zebrafish embryo.
Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption
Authors: Castro Jonathan M. , Cordonnier Benoit , Schipper C. Ian , Tuffen Hugh , Baumann Tobias S. , Feisel Yves
Published: November 2016

Magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile. Remote sensing indicates that an intrusion began after eruption onset and caused severe (>200 m) uplift over 1 month. Digital terrain models resolve a laccolith-shaped body ∼0.8 km3. Deformation and conduit flow models indicate laccolith depths of only ∼20–200 m and overpressures (∼1–10 MPa) that likely stemmed from conduit blockage. Our results show that explosive eruptions may rapidly force significant quantities of magma in the crust to build laccoliths. These iconic intrusions can thus be interpreted as eruptive features that pose unique and previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.
Proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes L-form cells by formation of internal and external vesicles
Authors: Studer Patrick , Staubli Titu , Wieser Noémi , Wolf Patrick , Schuppler Markus , Loessner Martin J.
Published: November 2016

L-forms are cell wall-deficient bacteria that divide through unusual mechanisms, involving dynamic perturbations of the cellular shape and generation of vesicles, independently of the cell-division protein FtsZ. Here we describe FtsZ-independent mechanisms, involving internal and external vesicles, by which Listeria monocytogenesL-forms proliferate. Using micromanipulation of single cells and vesicles, we show that small vesicles are formed by invagination within larger intracellular vesicles, receive cytoplasmic content, and represent viable progeny. In addition, the L-forms can reproduce by pearling, that is, generation of extracellular vesicles that remain transiently linked to their mother cell via elastic membranous tubes. Using photobleaching and fluorescence recovery, we demonstrate cytoplasmic continuity and transfer through these membranous tubes. Our findings indicate that L-forms’ polyploidy and extended interconnectivity through membranous tubes contribute to the generation of viable progeny independently of dedicated division machinery, and further support L-forms as models for studies of potential multiplication mechanisms of hypothetical primitive cells.
Anomalously rotary polarization discovered in homochiral organic ferroelectrics
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Zhong-Xia , Ye Heng-Yun , You Yu-Meng , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: November 2016

Molecular ferroelectrics are currently an active research topic in the field of ferroelectric materials. As complements or alternatives of conventional inorganic ferroelectrics, they have been designed to realize various novel properties, ranging from multiferroicity and semiconductive ferroelectricity to ferroelectric photovoltaics and ferroelectric luminescence. The stabilizing of ferroelectricity in various systems is owing to the flexible tailorability of the organic components. Here we describe the construction of optically active molecular ferroelectrics by introducing homochiral molecules as polar groups. We find that the ferroelectricity in (R)-(−)-3-hydroxlyquinuclidinium halides is due to the alignment of the homochiral molecules. We observe that both the specific optical rotation and rotatory direction change upon paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions, due to the existence of two origins from the molecular chirality and spatial arrangement, whose contributions vary upon the transitions. The optical rotation switching effect may find applications in electro-optical elements.
Correction: Corrigendum: Flux of signalling endosomes undergoing axonal retrograde transport is encoded by presynaptic activity and TrkB
Authors: Wang Tong , Martin Sally , Nguyen Tam H. , Harper Callista B. , Gormal Rachel S. , Martínez-Mármol Ramon , Karunanithi Shanker , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Glass Nick R. , Cooper-White Justin J. , van Swinderen Bruno , Meunier Frédéric A.
Published: November 2016

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 12976 doi: (2016); Published: 30 September 2016; Updated: 23 November 2016 In Fig. 3 of this Article, an image attribution was inadvertently omitted. The drawing of a Drosophila larva in Fig. 3a is reproduced from the website http://www.prokop.co.uk/Research/Drosi-Info/nerve-cords.
Vertical flow array chips reliably identify cell types from single-cell mRNA sequencing experiments
Authors: Shirai Masataka , Arikawa Koji , Taniguchi Kiyomi , Tanabe Maiko , Sakai Tomoyuki
Published: November 2016

Single-cell mRNA sequencing offers an unbiased approach to dissecting cell types as functional units in multicellular tissues. However, highly reliable cell typing based on single-cell gene expression analysis remains challenging because of the lack of methods for efficient sample preparation for high-throughput sequencing and evaluating the statistical reliability of the acquired cell types. Here, we present a highly efficient nucleic reaction chip (a vertical flow array chip (VFAC)) that uses porous materials to reduce measurement noise and improve throughput without a substantial increase in reagent. We also present a probabilistic evaluation method for cell typing depending on the amount of measurement noise. Applying the VFACs to 2580 monocytes provides 1967 single-cell expressions for 47 genes, including low-expression genes such as transcription factors. The statistical method can distinguish two cell types with probabilistic quality values, with the measurement noise level being considered for the first time. This approach enables the identification of various sub-types of cells in tissues and provides a foundation for subsequent analyses.
Transcriptome profiling shows gene regulation patterns in ginsenoside pathway in response to methyl jasmonate in Panax Quinquefolium adventitious root
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Jinxin , Li Jianli , Liu Shujie , Wu Xiaolei , Li Jing , Gao Wenyuan
Published: November 2016

Here, we combine elicitors and transcriptomics to investigate the inducible biosynthesis of the ginsenoside from the Panax quinquefolium. Treatment of P. quinquefolium adventitious root with methyl jasmonate (MJ) results in an increase in ginsenoside content (43.66 mg/g compared to 8.32 mg/g in control group). Therefore, we sequenced the transcriptome of native and MJ treated adventitious root in order to elucidate the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway. Through DEG analysis, we found that 5,759 unigenes were up-regulated and 6,389 unigenes down-regulated in response to MJ treatment. Several defense-related genes (48) were identified, participating in salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway. Additionally, we mapped 72 unigenes to the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway. Four cytochrome P450s (CYP450) were likely to catalyze hydroxylation at C-16 (c15743_g1, c39772_g1, c55422_g1) and C-30 (c52011_g1) of the triterpene backbone. UDP-xylose synthases (c52571_g3) was selected as the candidate, which was likely to involve in ginsenoside Rb3 biosynthesis.
Multi-Functional Carbon Fibre Composites using Carbon Nanotubes as an Alternative to Polymer Sizing
Authors: Pozegic T. R. , Anguita J. V. , Hamerton I. , Jayawardena K. D. G. I. , Chen J-S. , Stolojan V. , Ballocchi P. , Walsh R. , Silva S. R. P.
Published: November 2016

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) were introduced to the aerospace, automobile and civil engineering industries for their high strength and low weight. A key feature of CFRP is the polymer sizing - a coating applied to the surface of the carbon fibres to assist handling, improve the interfacial adhesion between fibre and polymer matrix and allow this matrix to wet-out the carbon fibres. In this paper, we introduce an alternative material to the polymer sizing, namely carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the carbon fibres, which in addition imparts electrical and thermal functionality. High quality CNTs are grown at a high density as a result of a 35 nm aluminium interlayer which has previously been shown to minimise diffusion of the catalyst in the carbon fibre substrate. A CNT modified-CFRP show 300%, 450% and 230% improvements in the electrical conductivity on the ‘surface’, ‘through-thickness’ and ‘volume’ directions, respectively. Furthermore, through-thickness thermal conductivity calculations reveal a 107% increase. These improvements suggest the potential of a direct replacement for lightning strike solutions and to enhance the efficiency of current de-icing solutions employed in the aerospace industry.
Zeta potential in oil-water-carbonate systems and its impact on oil recovery during controlled salinity water-flooding
Authors: Jackson Matthew D. , Al-Mahrouqi Dawoud , Vinogradov Jan
Published: November 2016

Laboratory experiments and field trials have shown that oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs can be increased by modifying the brine composition injected during recovery in a process termed controlled salinity water-flooding (CSW). However, CSW remains poorly understood and there is no method to predict the optimum CSW composition. This work demonstrates for the first time that improved oil recovery (IOR) during CSW is strongly correlated to changes in zeta potential at both the mineral-water and oil-water interfaces. We report experiments in which IOR during CSW occurs only when the change in brine composition induces a repulsive electrostatic force between the oil-brine and mineral-brine interfaces. The polarity of the zeta potential at both interfaces must be determined when designing the optimum CSW composition. A new experimental method is presented that allows this. Results also show for the first time that the zeta potential at the oil-water interface may be positive at conditions relevant to carbonate reservoirs. A key challenge for any model of CSW is to explain why IOR is not always observed. Here we suggest that failures using the conventional (dilution) approach to CSW may have been caused by a positively charged oil-water interface that had not been identified.
Relative abundance and distribution of fisheries influence risk of seabird bycatch
Authors: Soriano-Redondo Andrea , Cortés Verónica , Reyes-González José Manuel , Guallar Santi , Bécares Juan , Rodríguez Beneharo , Arcos José Manuel , González-Solís Jacob
Published: November 2016

Fisheries provide an abundant and predictable food source for many pelagic seabirds through discards, but also pose a major threat to them through bycatch, threatening their populations worldwide. The reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which intends to ban discards through the landing obligation of all catches, may force seabirds to seek alternative food sources, such as baited hooks from longlines, increasing bycatch rates. To test this hypothesis we performed a combined analysis of seabird-fishery interactions using as a model Scopoli’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea in the Mediterranean. Tracking data showed that the probability of shearwaters attending longliners increased exponentially with a decreasing density of trawlers. On-board observations and mortality events corroborated this result: the probability of birds attending longliners increased 4% per each trawler leaving the longliner proximity and bird mortality increased tenfold when trawlers were not operating. Therefore, the implementation of the landing obligation in EU waters will likely cause a substantial increase in bycatch rates in longliners, at least in the short-term, due to birds switching from trawlers to longliners. Thus the implementation of the landing obligation must be carefully monitored and counterbalanced with an urgent implementation of bycatch mitigation measures in the longline fleet.
14,000-year-old seeds indicate the Levantine origin of the lost progenitor of faba bean
Authors: Caracuta Valentina , Weinstein-Evron Mina , Kaufman Daniel , Yeshurun Reuven , Silvent Jeremie , Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: November 2016

The understanding of crop domestication is dependent on tracking the original geographical distribution of wild relatives. The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is economically important in many countries around the world; nevertheless, its origin has been debated because its ancestor could not be securely identified. Recent investigations in the site of el-Wad (Mount Carmel, Israel), provide the first and, so far, only remains of the lost ancestor of faba bean. X-ray CT scan analysis of the faba beans provides the first set of measurements of the biometry of this species before its domestication. The presence of wild specimens in Mount Carmel, 14,000 years ago, supports that the wild variety grew nearby in the Lower Galilee where the first domestication was documented for Neolithic farmers 10,200 years ago.
Growth factor and co-receptor release by structural regulation of substrate metalloprotease accessibility
Authors: Parra Liseth M. , Hartmann Monika , Schubach Salome , Ma Junzhi , Herrlich Peter , Herrlich Andreas
Published: November 2016

Release of cytokines, growth factors and other life-essential molecules from precursors by a-disintegrin-and-metalloproteases (ADAMs) is regulated with high substrate-specificity. We hypothesized that this is achieved by cleavage-regulatory intracellular-domain (ICD)-modifications of the precursors. We show here that cleavage-stimuli-induced specific ICD-modifications cause structural substrate changes that enhance ectodomain sensitivity of neuregulin-1 (NRG1; epidermal-growth-factor) or CD44 (receptor-tyrosine-kinase (RTK) co-receptor) to chymotrypsin/trypsin or soluble ADAM. This inside-out signal transfer required substrate homodimerization and was prevented by cleavage-inhibitory ICD-mutations. In chimeras, regulation could be conferred to a foreign ectodomain, suggesting a common higher-order structure. We predict that substrate-specific protease-accessibility-regulation controls release of numerous ADAM substrates.
Folic acid supplementation improves cognitive function by reducing the levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines in elderly Chinese subjects with MCI
Authors: Ma Fei , Wu Tianfeng , Zhao Jiangang , Song Aili , Liu Huan , Xu Weili , Huang Guowei
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to evaluate whether folic acid supplementation would improve cognitive performance by reducing serum inflammatory cytokine concentrations. This RCT was performed in Tianjin, China. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were randomly assigned to the folic acid (400 μg/day) or conventional treatment groups. Neuropsychological tests were administered, and folate, homocysteine, vitamin B12, IL-6, TNF-α, Aβ-42, and Aβ-40 were measured at baseline and at 6- and 12-month time points.152 participants (folic acid: 77, conventional: 75) completed the trial. Significant improvements in folate (ηp2 = 0.703, P = 0.011), homocysteine (ηp2 = 0.644, P = 0.009), Aβ-42 (ηp2 = 0.687, P = 0.013), peripheral IL-6 (ηp2 = 0.477, P = 0.025), TNF-α (ηp2 = 0.709, P = 0.009) levels were observed in folic acid group compared with conventional group. Folic acid supplementation improved the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (P = 0.028; effect size d = 0.153), Information (P = 0.031; d = 0.157) and Digit Span (P = 0.009; d = 0.172) scores at 12 months compared with conventional treatment. Based on these findings, daily oral administration of a 400-μg folic acid supplement to MCI subjects for 12 months can significantly improve cognitive performance and reduce peripheral inflammatory cytokine levels.
Manipulation of Optical Transmittance by Ordered-Oxygen-Vacancy in Epitaxial LaBaCo2O5.5+δ Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Sheng , Lu Jiangbo , Han Dong , Liu Ming , Lu Xiaoli , Ma Chunrui , Zhang Shengbai , Chen Chonglin
Published: November 2016

Giant optical transmittance changes of over 300% in wide wavelength range from 500 nm to 2500 nm were observed in LaBaCo2O5.5+δ thin films annealed in air and ethanol ambient, respectively. The reduction process induces high density of ordered oxygen vacancies and the formation of LaBaCo2O5.5 (δ = 0) structure evidenced by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the first-principles calculations reveal the origin and mechanism of optical transmittance enhancement in LaBaCo2O5.5 (δ = 0), which exhibits quite different energy band structure compared to that of LaBaCo2O6 (δ = 0.5). The discrepancy of energy band structure was thought to be the direct reason for the enhancement of optical transmission in reducing ambient. Hence, LaBaCo2O5.5+δ thin films show great prospect for applications on optical gas sensors in reducing/oxidizing atmosphere.