bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Définir la valeur des écoles : l’acquisition de pensionnats privés par une multinationale de l’éducation
Authors: Bertron Caroline
Published: November 2019

Comment la fabrique du profit s’exprime-t-elle dans le secteur de l’éducation ? L’article explore la financiarisation des écoles à but lucratif et en particulier des écoles dites internationales. La concentration financière de l’éducation à but lucratif, notamment dans l’enseignement secondaire, a jusqu’à présent conduit à peu de travaux. En analysant les trajectoires socio-historiques de trois écoles internationales détenues par une multinationale de l’éducation, cet article examine les configurations spatiales et régionales des phénomènes financiers dans l’enseignement secondaire. Il analyse la façon dont de multiples acteurs définissent dans un contexte de reprise financière ce qu’est une « école » et leur école, en tant que bien qui se construit et s’échange. Les enjeux de requalification financière et entrepreneuriale des activités et des légitimités éducatives, mais aussi le maintien d’un capital associé à l’ancrage en Suisse de ces écoles y sont étudiés.
Le prix de l’aide à domicile : genèse d’une convention de valorisation
Authors: Vatan Sylvain
Published: November 2019

Cette contribution montre comment la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle tarification administrée des services d’aide à domicile a constitué un levier d’alignement des pratiques tarifaires entre les services d’aide à domicile à but lucratif et ceux relevant du champ associatif ou du secteur public. Surtout, elle met en avant la façon dont une nouvelle convention de valorisation s’est construite, relevant à la fois des principes de la nouvelle gestion publique, mais s’appuyant également sur la construction socio-historique du financement de l’aide à domicile.
Critiquer le capitalisme par la banque : le crédit alternatif en tant qu’instrument politique
Authors: Lovera Arianna
Published: November 2019

Une banque peut-elle critiquer le capitalisme, tout en respectant les normes imposées par les banques centrales et tout en restant viable économiquement ? Comment cette critique peut-elle se déployer ? Quel est le mode d’évaluation de son succès ? Pour apporter des réponses à ces questions, l’article analyse l’activité de crédit de trois organisations bancaires actives dans le secteur de la finance alternative : MAG6 et Banca Etica pour l’Italie ; la Nef pour la France.
Des « voilées » à Sciences Po. Maniements du stigmate et insertion professionnelle
Authors: Lazrak Ostiane
Published: November 2019

Les affaires du voile sont au cœur de la construction d’un « problème musulman », qui a conduit à l’exclusion croissante des musulmanes visibles de nombreux domaines de la vie publique. Leur accès à l’emploi est l’un des enjeux les plus cruciaux de cette exclusion. Cette enquête, réalisée auprès d’étudiantes de Sciences Po, étudie le fonctionnement du voile comme stigmate à l’insertion professionnelle. Interdites d’accès au secteur public, auquel Sciences Po destine traditionnellement, elles rencontrent aussi des discriminations dans le secteur privé dès leurs jobs étudiants, leurs premiers entretiens d’embauche, ou leurs stages. Une diversité de stratégies se manifeste dans le maniement de ce stigmate, au moment de se projeter dans une carrière, dans un cadre fortement contraint.
Le religieux dans le répertoire d’action local de l’Éducation nationale. Les praticiens face aux prescriptions centrales
Authors: Laborde Vanille
Published: November 2019

Les attentats de 2015 ont provoqué une réémergence de la question religieuse dans les politiques scolaires. Au croisement entre sociologies de l’action publique et des groupes professionnels, cet article donne à voir les débats déontologiques suscités par la mise à contribution des agents de l’Éducation nationale dans les dispositifs de promotion la laïcité et de lutte contre la « radicalisation ». La focale sur une académie fait apparaître des bricolages avec les prescriptions nationales. En effet, le flou qui entoure certaines catégories institutionnelles mobilisées pour légitimer l’action publique accroît l’impact déterminant des acteurs intermédiaires de l’administration scolaire dans les régulations effectives de ces politiques.
Encadrer la religiosité des élèves à l’école depuis 2004. De la loi à sa mise en œuvre
Authors: Le Meur Chloé
Published: November 2019

À partir de septembre 2004, dans les établissements publics français d’enseignement primaire et secondaire, la loi autorise aux élèves le port de signes religieux discrets et leur interdit ceux manifestant ostensiblement une appartenance confessionnelle. Comment, dès lors, les agents de l’éducation nationale distinguent-ils le discret de l’ostensible, l’autorisé de l’interdit, dans leur mise en application quotidienne de ce nouveau cadre législatif ? L’objectif de l’article est d’identifier les critères normatifs mobilisés et produits par les agents pour procéder à l’évaluation de l’expression vestimentaire et religieuse des élèves. L’observation d’une proximité pratique entre la catégorie de signe religieux et celle de signe d’appartenance communautaire permet notamment d’interroger la nature de ce qui est évalué.
La régulation des prises de parole religieuses en classe par les enseignants des collèges et lycées
Authors: Farhat Benjamin
Published: November 2019

La médiatisation de contestations à la minute de silence instaurée dans les établissements scolaires publics après les attentats de 2015, puis de 2017, propulse à nouveau la question de l’expression religieuse des élèves au centre du débat politique sur l’école. Ces événements ont donné à voir le malaise d’enseignants confrontés à une parole qui est la source d’interrogations et de tensions, et dont la régulation met en jeu leurs pratiques autant que leurs identités professionnelles. Les résultats de ce travail mettent en lumière la diversité des formes d’expression identifiées comme religieuses dans les situations d’apprentissage, ainsi que les difficultés éprouvées par les enseignants de collèges et de lycées pour réguler cette parole. Du fait de la violence de certains discours, et de l’incertitude qui entoure les principes de neutralité et de laïcité, les enseignants bricolent et improvisent des postures pédagogiques pour faire face à l’urgence des situations, au risque de parfois renoncer à une absolue neutralité.
La maison, cet impensé des projets de transmission agricole hors du cadre familial
Authors: Chizelle Brigitte , Lataste Dominique , Leroy Claire
Published: November 2019

Cet article porte sur la transmission des exploitations agricoles au moment de la retraite de l’exploitant et aborde plus précisément la place et les enjeux qu’occupe dans cette transmission la maison d’habitation, souvent située sur le site de la ferme. Après avoir recensé dans la littérature les facteurs qui entravent la transmission, les auteurs montrent que la cession de la maison est souvent impensée car l’agriculteur cédant vit un dilemme : soit il reste dans sa maison et cela peut compromettre la transmission de la ferme, particulièrement dans le cas d’une transmission hors cadre familial, soit il la quitte et va devoir recomposer son identité ainsi que ses relations conjugales.
Genèse de la problématisation de la religion au travail. De la promotion de la diversité à la gestion du fait religieux
Authors: Benaissa Hicham
Published: November 2019

La problématique de la « religion au travail » occupe assez fréquemment depuis quelques années le devant de la scène publique. Pourtant, durant les années 1970, les syndicats de l’industrie automobile avaient inscrit dans leurs diverses revendications l’aménagement de lieux de culte pour des immigrés musulmans venus du Maghreb. Qu’y a-t-il donc de véritablement nouveau aujourd’hui ? À partir de ma propre trajectoire professionnelle me conduisant à travailler auprès d’entreprises et collectivités, sur les questions liées au fait religieux, je souhaite précisément examiner les mécanismes par lesquels, peu à peu, la thématique de « la religion au travail » a surgi. Son émergence doit être rapportée à la constitution progressive, au sein du champ économique, d’un « marché » de la diversité.
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR ADOPTING INDUSTRY 4.0 IN CAD SYSTEMS
Authors: Muñoz J.A , Pérez Fernández R.
Published: November 2019

Technologies are evolving faster than our ability to assimilate what we can do with them, but the potential is clear and the opportunity will be for those who identifies the right application of each technology. In the information era, we are literally swimming in an ocean of structured and not structured data and thanks to the evolution in the communications technologies, all that data are available everywhere for everyone. But data is not information. It is necessary to have the capability to analyse, extract conclusions and learn from it. Technologies as Big Data (BD) and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) are crucial for this purpose, but the intention of the treatment matters. Imagine how these technologies shall allow to engage the ship design by applying rules which will facilitate the design significantly, how the integration of the validation of the structural models by the Classification Societies will be linked directly by cloud applications. Imagine all the benefits of this two simple examples that can be implemented thanks to the potential of these technologies. The concepts that are absolutely clear from now to the future in shipbuilding is the use of Data Centric model and the concept of Digital Twin, a real and effective synchronization between what we design, what we construct, by covering the complete life cycle of the product thanks to technologies like IoT. It is important to understand how the new generations are immersed in a technological world in constant and rapid evolution. The way they interacts with this ecosystem will determine the way we should define the new rules of the CAD/CAM/CIM Systems. This paper examines different selected solutions describing practical use cases in ship design phase as an example of what IoT, BD or AI will represent for ship design and shipbuilding in the near future.
Full substitutability
Authors: Hatfield John William , Kominers Scott Duke , Nichifor Alexandru , Ostrovsky Michael , Westkamp Alexander
Published: November 2019

Various forms of substitutability are essential for establishing the existence of equilibria and other useful properties in diverse settings such as matching, auctions, and exchange economies with indivisible goods. We extend earlier models' definitions of substitutability to settings in which each agent can be both a buyer in some transactions and a seller in others, and show that all these definitions are equivalent. We then introduce a new class of substitutable preferences that allows us to model intermediaries with production capacity. We also prove that substitutability is preserved under economically important transformations such as trade endowments, mergers, and limited liability.
Justifying optimal play via consistency
Authors: Brandl Florian , Brandt Felix
Published: November 2019

Developing normative foundations for optimal play in two‐player zero‐sum games has turned out to be surprisingly difficult, despite the powerful strategic implications of the minimax theorem. We characterize maximin strategies by postulating coherent behavior in varying games. The first axiom, called
consequentialism, states that how probability is distributed among completely indistinguishable actions is irrelevant. The second axiom,
consistency, demands that strategies that are optimal in two different games should still be optimal when there is uncertainty regarding which of the two games will actually be played. Finally, we impose a very mild
rationality assumption, which merely requires that strictly dominated actions will not be played. Our characterization shows that a rational and consistent consequentialist who ascribes the same properties to his opponent has to play maximin strategies. This result can be extended to characterize Nash equilibrium in bimatrix games whenever the set of equilibria is interchangeable.
Analysis of Documents Published in Scopus Database on Special Education Learning Through Mobile Learning: A Content Analysis
Authors: Genc Zeynep , Masalimova Alfiya R. , Platonova Raisa I. , Sizova Zhanna , Popova Olga V.
Published: November 2019

Special education is one of the educational fields in which technology plays a significant role. Mobile technologies change our lifestyles as well as the way we learn. Mobile learning is the use of mobile technologies alone or in combination with other information and communication technologies to enable learning any-where, anytime. The purpose of this study is to determine the recent trends in special education through mobile learning. Technology integration studies in the literature generally focus on visual dictionaries, sign language, vocabulary exer-cises or story books. Besides, it is seen that the studies report the results, not the process. However, there are few studies describing the whole technology integra-tion process with a holistic approach. The study is conducted employing docu-ment analysis and related content analysis among the qualitative research method-ology. Through the search conducted on Scopus database with the keywords "mobile learning and special education" the study is based on the analysis of the documents published. All articles published in scopus were examined. Their dis-tribution by the years, subject areas, document types, country/regions and the af-filiated universities of the authors themes have been examined. The varied find-ings reveal that the analysis of the studies published on Scopus database is im-portant in terms of content for the significance of special education through mo-bile learning. Mobile learning method used in special education is among the ef-fective results. However, only a few researches have been conducted..
Teachers’ Views on the Availability of Web 2.0 Tools in Education
Authors: Caliskan Semih , Guney Zafer , Sakhieva Regina G. , Vasbieva Dinara G. , Zaitseva Natalia A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract—This research was conducted in 2018 to determine the opinions of prospective teachers about the usability of Web 2.0 tools in education. Quantitative research method was used in the research. The research was conducted in the spring term of 2018–2019. The study group consisted of prospective teachers studying at the faculties of education of the foundation university. 114 prospective teachers participated in the study. The data collection tool called Son The Problems of the Last Year Students of the Faculty of Education and Their Problems in Teaching Practice gelistiril developed by Aylin Demirhan and Meryem Yakut was applied to the teacher candidates. The data were collected by the researchers. The collected data were analysed using the SPSS program. To analyse the data obtained from the data collection tool, frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, T-test and analysis of variance applied. According to the results of the study, prospective teachers’ opinions about the use of Web 2.0 tools are highly positive. It is thought that the students' ability to create content with active participation, support social interaction, and creativity in educational environments, and it is seen in the results of the research that the prospective teachers reported positive opinions. Web 2.0 tools are thought to have a positive effect on learning due to their rich content and may be useful in increasing the prospective teachers' communicative abilities with their common workspaces. Therefore, it is predicted that teachers' use of Web 2.0 tools in their courses will contribute to the development of prospective teachers. In addition, it is thought that the training to be provided by educators who have an important role in guiding prospective teachers and guiding them for a better education will enable prospective teachers to use Web 2.0 tools more frequently and efficiently.
Trends of Augmented Reality Applications and Research throughout the World: Meta-Analysis of Theses, Articles and Papers between 2001-2019 Years
Authors: Tezer Murat , Yıldız Ezgi Pelin , Masalimova Alfiya R. R. , Fatkhutdinova Albina M. , Zheltukhina Marina R. R. , Khairullina Elmira R.
Published: November 2019

Our aim in this research was to analyze studies in the area of Augmented Reality applications and research throughout the world using meta-analysis methods in order to determine trends in the area. For the purpose of the study, a total of 1008 pieces of research, published between 2001 and 2019 and selected by purposeful sampling method were analyzed. Trends of Augmented Reality applications and research throughout the world were examined under 13 criteria. These criteria were; index, year of publication, number of authors, country of research, area of research, method, education grade, sample group, sample number, data collection method, bibliography number, analysis tech-niques, purpose of research, and research trends. These data were interpreted based on percentage and frequency. In Augmented Reality, technologies are integrated in many fields such as education technology, engineering arts, visual arts education and special education.
Fostering Cultural Understanding with Virtual Reality
Authors: Berti Margherita , Maranzana Stefano , Monzingo Jacob
Published: November 2019

In virtual reality, language learners can experience the foreign culture by exploring authentic and contextualized learning environments. To date, there is a lack of studies investigating the use of highly immersive virtual reality for cultural understanding as well as learners' attitudes toward its implementation in the language classroom. This study addresses this gap by exploring language learners' stereotypes and generalizations of the foreign culture experienced in highly immersive virtual reality, and their beliefs regarding its use in the educational setting. Undergraduate students enrolled in beginner Italian courses viewed three ordinary Italian environments with the use of their smartphones, headphones, and Google Cardboard. Through surveys, written reflections, and a focus group interview participants shared their cultural understandings and attitudes toward virtual reality. Results show that virtual reality was positively perceived and helped learners discover new cultural layers generally not encountered in traditional pedagogical materials.
Fuzzy Logic Applied for Pronunciation Assessment
Authors: Bahi Halima , Necibi Khaled
Published: November 2019

Pronunciation teaching is an important stage in language learning activities. This article tackles the pronunciation scoring problem where research has demonstrated relatively low human-human and low human-machine agreement rates, which makes teachers skeptical about their relevance. To overcome these limitations, a fuzzy combination of two machines scores is suggested. The experiments were carried in the context of Algerian pupils learning to read Arabic. Although the native language of Algerian pupils is a dialect of Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic remains difficult for them with difficult sounds to master and letters close in their pronunciation. The article presents a fuzzy evaluation system including both oral reading fluency, and intelligibility. The fuzzy system has shown that despite the disparities between human ratings, its scores correspond at least to one of their ratings and most of the time its ratings are in favor of learners. Therefore, fuzzy logic, more favorable than thresholding systems, encourages learners to pursue their training.
Interactivity Effects on Single-Handed Interaction
Authors: Shin Don Donghee , Beede Park , Ibahrine Mohammed , Zaid Bouziane
Published: November 2019

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of interaction techniques (e.g., swiping and tapping) and the range of thumb movements on interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention in single-handed interaction by focusing on interactions with mobile devices such as smartphones. This study adopted the perspective of the hybrid definition of interactivity, which includes the interactivity effect outcomes mediated by perceived interactivity. A 2 (technological features: swiping and tapping) × 2 (range of thumb movement: wide and narrow) between-participant experiment was conducted. The results showed the ranges of thumb movement to have significant effects on perceived interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention, whereas no effects were observed for interaction techniques. A narrow range of thumb movement had more influence on the interactivity outcomes, rather than a wide range of thumb movement. The implications of the finding were discussed.
Analyzing Tagore's Emotion With the Passage of Time in Song-Offerings
Authors: Hore Sirshendu , Bhattacharya Tanmay
Published: November 2019

The emotions of humans can be observed through tears, smiles, etc. The emotion of poets is reflected through poetry/songs. The works of a poet give philosophical insights about the beauty and mystery of nature, socio-economic conditions of that era, besides his personal state of mind. In the proposed work ‘Song- Offerings': A collection of poems and songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore, for which, Tagore received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913, has been analyzed. Earlier, most of the research work on Song-Offerings was based on Zipf's law or bibliometric laws. This article analyzes the changes in Tagore's emotion in Song-Offerings with the passage of time (1895-1912). Emotions are analyzed based on the Arousal-Valence Model. To analyze the arousal state, ‘Plutchik's' emotion model has been employed and to find the valence, a Fuzzy-based model has been engaged. The work reveals that the emotions of the poet gradually mellows with the passage of time barring some transitional time, nevertheless, poet submission towards almighty remains unchanged during this period.
Right Atrial Myxoma Presenting as Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Ranganathan Madhan Kumar , James Cyril , Mustafa Shaimaa , Jha Arun Kumar , Aksoy Ismail , Barman Manish
Published: November 2019

Most cardiac tumors are benign and localized to the left atrium. Right atrial myxomas are rare and mostly discovered during symptomatic workup or as an incidental finding. Usually, right atrial myxomas are comparatively asymptomatic compared to their left atrial counterparts and do not embolize to systemic circulation unless associated with other anatomical defects. We report a rare case presenting with a history of fever and diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography. The myxoma was successfully removed surgically, and the patient has significantly improved clinically since then.
On-Table Acute Ischemic Stroke During Primary Pci-Double Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis in a Young Patient
Authors: Jariwala Pankaj
Published: November 2019

Stroke is an unusual but possibly devastating complication of cardiac catheterization. We report a case where a patient developed transient hemiplegia secondary to the embolization of a thrombus following thromboaspiration in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The recent American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology guidelines have classified the routine use of thromboaspiration as a Class III indication, but in some special circumstances with large thrombus burden, can be executed with a caution. Preprocedure identification of the high-risk patient should be performed along with measures to avoid ischemic stroke. If stroke happens, the instant evaluation and intervention of the patient could minimize cerebral damage. Every catheterization laboratory should develop a predefined protocol for the management of periprocedural stroke. We have discussed the management of periprocedural stroke with its review of literature.
Satisfaction with an Exercise Physiology Consultation After Treatment for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Mizrahi David , Wakefield Claire E. , Ha Lauren , Cohn Richard J. , Simar David , Fardell Joanna E.
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

Many childhood cancer survivors are not engaging in sufficient physical activity despite high chronic disease incidence. We assessed satisfaction and acceptability of attending an exercise physiology consultation.

Methods:

An 8–18-year-old cancer survivor >1-year posttherapy were assessed by an exercise physiologist (T0). We assessed parents' and survivors' satisfaction and acceptability with the consultation and information received 1-month later (T1). Parents and survivors were asked whether they would see an exercise physiologist again and whether other survivors should be assessed.

Results:

We recruited 102 participants, with 70 unique families retained. Parents were more satisfied with information received about exercise from T0to T1 (43.4 ± 33.2 vs. 81.5 ± 17.6/100,P < 0.001). Parents reported high satisfaction from the consultation (94.7 ± 10.2/100). Most parents (96.6%) and survivors (95.9%) recommended other survivors see an exercise physiologist. Some parents (37.0%) wanted their child to be more active, while 47.8% of survivors wanted to be more active.

Conclusions:

There was support for an exercise physiology consultation from parents and survivors. Guidance from an exercise physiologist may be important to alter lifestyle behaviors, which can be potentially beneficial to cardiovascular and psychological well-being.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics & management of polycystic ovary syndrome in India
Authors: Ganie Mohammad Ashraf , Vasudevan Vishnu , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad , Baba Mohammad Salem , Arif Tasleem , Rashid Aafia
Published: November 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder predominantly affecting women of reproductive age. Clinical manifestations are diverse including hyperandrogenism, anovulation, infertility and increased risk of metabolic diseases besides psychosocial dysfunction. This review provides information on the problem of PCOS in India, its pathophysiology, genetics and an overview of current management options to instigate further research in this field. Prevalence of PCOS in India ranges from 3.7 to 22.5 per cent depending on the population studied and the criteria used for diagnosis. Abnormalities in leptin-adiponectin (adipocyte biology), oxidative stress and autoimmunity are among the mechanisms studied regarding pathogenesis of PCOS. Many candidate gene studies have shown associations with PCOS in various studies. Studies have consistently demonstrated the relationship between the well-known manifestation of hyperandrogenism among Indian PCOS women and the metabolic morbidities including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and cardiovascular risk. Management of individual components of PCOS can be achieved by medications or surgical methods, though further clarification regarding pathogenesis of PCOS is needed to sharpen our therapeutic armamentarium.
Statins & risk of Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Thongprayoon Charat , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Clostridium difficile infection is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that statin users may have a lower risk of C. difficile infection, although the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of summarizing all available data to assess the risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users.

Methods:

A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 2017. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that compared the risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.

Results:

Six case-control studies and two cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of C. difficile infection among statin users was significantly lower than non-users with the pooled OR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61-0.89). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was high (I
2=90%).

Interpretation & conclusions:

This meta-analysis demonstrated a decreased risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users. Further studies are required to clarify the role of statins for prevention of C. difficile infection in clinical practice.
Evaluation of haemoglobin cut-off for mild anaemia in Asians - analysis of multiple rounds of two national nutrition surveys
Authors: Varghese Jithin Sam , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura V.
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

The haemoglobin (Hb) cut-off is a single value for all populations. It is possible that different populations might have slightly different cut-off values; but, this needs to be evaluated in healthy populations with low possibility of inadequate dietary intakes of haematopoietic nutrients. This study was conducted to assess the existence of race-specific Hb cut-offs for mild anaemia in healthy populations and their potential implications.

Methods:

In this study the Hb distributions of healthy White, Black, Mexican and Hispanic and Asian non-pregnant women obtained from nine rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and two rounds of National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), was examined to check the existence of race-specific Hb cut-off for mild anaemia, by standard statistical methods.

Results:

The mean Hb of Blacks, Mexicans and Hispanics and Asians were lower than Whites, consistent with previous literature. The Hb cut-off for mild anaemia in Asians was lower at 11.22 g/dl.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Using the Hb cut-off derived in this study in place of the World Health Organization, cut-off of 12 g/dl would result in a 17.9 per cent decrease in the prevalence of anaemia in India. This points to the need for re-examining race-specific cut-off for mild anaemia and points to the need for alternative methods, perhaps linked to risk of unhealthy outcomes.
Comparison of laboratory-developed test & validated assay of programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry in non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Nambirajan Aruna , Husain Nuzhat , Shukla Saumya , Kumar Sunil , Jain Deepali
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), improve outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Tumours expressing PD-L1 protein are more likely to benefit from this targeted therapy. Multiple concurrent clinical trials evaluating different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have validated five different immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using varied antibody clones and staining conditions. This study was aimed at identification of a single harmonized PD-L1 assay for tumour tissue conservation and cost-effectiveness in patients with NSCLC.

Methods:

The performance of low-cost, manual, laboratory-developed technique (LDT) PD-L1 IHC assay using the easily available SP142 clone was compared with trial validated Ventana SP263 IHC performed on automated Ventana staining platform on tumour sections of NSCLCs.

Results:

Eighty cases of NSCLC were included. SP263 and SP142 stained both tumour cells and immune cells. The concordance rate of tumour cell staining was about 76 per cent, with SP263 detecting more tumour cells in 16 per cent of cases. The concordance rate of immune cell staining was only 61 per cent, with SP142 detecting more immune cells in 24 per cent of cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of manual SP142 LDT assay against gold standard SP263 Ventana assay were 70, 94, 86 and 86 per cent, respectively, at positivity thresholds of ≥1 per cent tumour cell staining.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study findings suggested that LDT using SP142 clone showed only moderate concordance with SP263 Ventana assay, and the two assays were not interchangeable. More such validation studies need to be done to generate information that can complement patient therapy in cases of NSCLC.
Determination of individual type 2 diabetes risk profile in the North East Indian population & its association with anthropometric parameters
Authors: Sarkar Purabi , Bhowmick Ananya , Baruah Manash P. , Bhattacharjee Sahana , Subhadra Poornima , Banu Sofia
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Diabetes genomics research has illuminated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in several genes including, fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) (rs9939609 and rs9926289), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (rs5219), SLC30A8 (rs13266634) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (rs1805192). The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of these polymorphisms in conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the North East Indian population, and also to establish their association with anthropometric parameters.

Methods:

DNA was extracted from blood samples of 155 patients with T2D and 100 controls. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. To confirm the association between the inheritance of SNP and T2D development, logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results:

For the rs9939609 variant (FTO), the dominant model AA/(AT+TT) revealed significant association with T2D [odds ratio (OR)=2.03, P=0.021], but was non-significant post correction for multiple testing (P=0.002). For the rs13266634 variant (SLC30A8), there was considerable but non-significant difference in the distribution pattern of genotypic polymorphisms between the patients and the controls (P=0.004). Significant association was observed in case of the recessive model (CC+CT)/TT (OR=4.56 P=0.001), after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. In addition, a significant association (P=0.001) of low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) could be established with the FTO (rs9926289) polymorphism assuming dominant model.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The current study demonstrated a modest but significant effect of SLC30A8 (rs13266634) polymorphisms on T2D predisposition. Considering the burgeoning prevalence of T2D in the Indian population, the contribution of these genetic variants studied, to the ever-increasing number of T2D cases, appears to be relatively low. This study may serve as a foundation for performing future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving larger populations.
Separable Quotients of Free Topological Groups
Authors: Leiderman Arkady , Tkachenko Mikhail
Published: November 2019

We study the following problem: For which Tychonoff spaces $X$ do the free topological group $F(X)$ and the free abelian topological group $A(X)$ admit a quotient homomorphism onto a separable and nontrivial (i.e., not finitely generated) group? The existence of the required quotient homomorphisms is established for several important classes of spaces $X$, which include the class of pseudocompact spaces, the class of locally compact spaces, the class of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-compact spaces, the class of connected locally connected spaces, and some others.

We also show that there exists an infinite separable precompact topological abelian group $G$ such that every quotient of $G$ is either the one-point group or contains a dense non-separable subgroup and, hence, does not have a countable network.
Marine spatial planning for Bangladesh: a critical analysis of the legal and institutional regimes
Authors: Alam Asraful
Published: November 2019

The current arrangements for the management of the marine resources of Bangladesh are not adequate for sustainable management. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) may be a tool to achieve sustainable management of marine resources. The Government of Bangladesh is planning for the development of MSP for sustainable management of the marine resources in the Bay of Bengal. However, a clear understanding of the current and required legal and institutional arrangements for the development of MSP in Bangladesh is essential for sustainable management of the marine resources. This article analyzes the current legal and institutional arrangements concerning the management of marine resources and explores potential inadequacies for the development of MSP for sustainable management. The article refers to the legal and institutional arrangements of other coastal states which have already developed MSP to find out the required arrangements for the development of MSP in Bangladesh.
Rola historii nauki w działalności naukowej, dydaktycznej i filozoficznej Mariana Smoluchowskiego
Authors: Polak Paweł
Published: November 2019

Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) był wybitnym polskim fizykiem, znanym m.in. jako pionier fizyki statystycznej. Jego krótka praca o historii fizyki w Polsce stanowi pionierskie opracowanie tego zagadnienia, była cytowana wiele razy, tworząc punkt wyjścia do dalszych badań nad historią fizyki w Polsce. Należy jednakże podkreślić, że nigdy nie poddano systematycznej analizie zagadnienia roli historii nauki w działalności naukowej Smoluchowskiego. W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na trzech obszarach działalności związanych z historią nauki: badawczym, dydaktycznym i filozoficznym. Wskazano, że doniosłość historii nauki dla Smoluchowskiego brała się z jej kulturowego znaczenia. Historia nauki odegrała ważną rolę w procesie krystalizacji koncepcji filozoficznych wybitnego fizyka, a także w dydaktyce fizyki, ukazując wewnętrzną dynamikę rozwoju nauki i inspirując do nowych odkryć. To ostatnie zagadnienie jest ściśle związane ze specyficznym podejściem metodologicznym Smoluchowskiego do fizyki, nazwanym przez niego „romantyzmem nauki”. W artykule wskazano nie tylko, że Smoluchowski jest pionierem historii fizyki w Polsce, ale też że przygotował podstawy dla przyszłego rozwoju tej dyscypliny.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flow through immobilized catalyzed packed bed reactor for removal of 4-chlorophenol from wastewater
Authors: Sandhibigraha Sudhansu , Sasmal Soumya , Bandyopadhyay Tarun Kanti , Bhunia Biswanath
Published: November 2019

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the packed bed reactor (PBR) was carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. The various process parameters, such as inlet concentration of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), flow rate, bed height, and porosity, were optimized to predict maximum biodegradation of 4-CP in immobilized catalyzed PBR. The geometrical mesh of the PBR was constructed using Gambit software, and a mesh size of 236995 was selected from the grid-independent study. A laminar flow model was used to understand the hydrodynamics as well as concentration profile of 4-CP inside the PBR using Fluent software. Through CFD, the effect of the flow rate, inlet concentration, and the bed height and porosity of the immobilized catalyst bed on the static pressure, mass imbalance, velocity, and stress-strain field inside the PBR was visualized. CFD simulation study predicted that maximum biodegradation of 4-CP was found in the presence of 500 mg/L of inlet concentration of 4-CP, 4 mL/min of flow rate, 18 cm of bed height and 0.375 of porosity. An experimental study was conducted for wastewater flow through the B. subtilis MF447840.1 immobilized catalyzed PBR to remove the 4-CP in the laminar flow region. It was evident that CFD simulated results agreed well with experimental values.
Pesquisas brasileiras sobre geometria: contribuições da perspectiva histórico-cultural.
Authors: Silva Sandra Aparecida Fraga da , Lopes Anemari Roesler Luersen Vieira
Published: November 2019

O artigo apresenta um levantamento de pesquisas envolvendo conteúdos de geometria pela perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, buscando compreender como organizam o conhecimento geométrico e identificar se apresentam uma discussão sobre o movimento lógico-histórico do conceito abordado. Realizadas as leituras, caracterizamos as pesquisas quanto ao foco de abordagem. Procedeu-se a um levantamento bibliográfico de cunho qualitativo que investigou 16 dissertações e 6 teses entre 2006 e 2017. Constatou-se que a maioria aborda conceitos geométricos com alunos da educação básica e as que envolvem análise de documentos e discussão conceitual apresentam propostas para o ensino de geometria. As pesquisas sobre formações de professores indicam que ações envolvendo a Teoria da Atividade e o movimento lógico-histórico dos conceitos geométricos contribuem para a apropriação dos conceitos e as atividades de ensino. Defende-se a necessidade de outras pesquisas, para propor ações envolvendo ensino de geometria com uma abordagem pautada na perspectiva histórico-cultural e no movimento lógico-histórico do conceito.
Aprender com modelagem: relações entre modelagem (matemática) e processos criativos
Authors: Madruga Zulma Elizabete De Freitas , Lima Valderez Marina Do Rosário
Published: November 2019

Este artigo teórico objetiva apresentar uma proposta metodológica, construída a partir de uma pesquisa que analisou as relações entre os processos criativos de diferentes profissionais e procedimentos de modelagem (matemática). A proposta, chamada aprender com modelagem, toma por base as ideias teóricas de Rodney Bassanezi e Maria Salett Biembengut.  A pesquisa que originou este artigo foi realizada com 10 profissionais de diferentes ramos, seus resultados incentivaram a publicação dessa proposta teórica. Indicam-se caminhos para utilizar como prática pedagógica a modelagem, por meio do aprender com modelagem, na busca por desenvolver criatividade e comunicação, no intuito de valorar a cultura e o entorno do estudante. Como resultados apresentam-se as categorias: Intenção – escolha da temática a ser desenvolvida; Projeção – familiarização com o assunto, busca por subsídios; Criação – elaboração dos primeiros esboços e do ‘produto’ (modelo); Produto – validação e avaliação do modelo. Considerações e recomendações acerca da educação sugerem maneiras de utilizar o aprender com modelagem como alternativa pedagógica para qualquer ano de escolarização e disciplina.
A subvalorização da formação continuada de professores: dos orientadores à articulação do referencial teórico no contexto do mestrado nacional profissional em ensino de física
Authors: Antunes Júnior Estevão , Ostermann Fernanda , Cavalcanti Cláudio José de Holanda
Published: November 2019

O Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física (MNPEF) surgiu como Mestrado Profissional em rede, focado muito mais no conteúdo de Física do que na formação pedagógica e/ou epistemológica. À luz do pensamento bakhtiniano, consideramos os mais de 200 trabalhos concluídos até a metade de 2017 como um conjunto de enunciados cujos aspectos verbais e não verbais, expressam diferentes vozes e que respondem e se direcionam a outras enunciações. A análise foi feita por meio de um método misto que integra o dispositivo analítico bakhtiniano de Veneu et al. (2015) à análise de correspondência fundamentada em Greenacre (2017). Ao analisar 208 trabalhos apresentados no contexto do MNPEF, encontramos que a articulação do referencial teórico no produto desenvolvido é dependente da formação e do histórico de pesquisa dos orientadores, e que trabalhos orientados por orientadores com formação ou histórico de pesquisa na área se afastam das diretrizes do programa.
Photochemical transformation of residential wood combustion
emissions: dependence of organic aerosol composition on OH
exposure
Authors: Hartikainen Anni , Tiitta Petri , Ihalainen Mika , Yli-Pirilä Pasi , Orasche Jürgen , Czech Hendryk , Kortelainen Miika , Lamberg Heikki , Suhonen Heikki , Koponen Hanna , Hao Liqing , Zimmermann Ralf , Jokiniemi Jorma , Tissari Jarkko , Sippula Olli
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Residential wood combustion (RWC) emits large amounts of gaseous and particulate organic aerosol (OA). In the atmosphere, the emission is transformed via oxidative reactions, which are under daylight conditions driven mainly by hydroxyl radicals. This continuing oxidative aging produces secondary OA and may change the health- and climate-related properties of the emission. In this work, emissions from two modern residential logwood combustion appliances were photochemically aged in an oxidation flow reactor with various OH exposure levels, reaching up to 6 × 1011 s cm−3 (equivalent to one week in the atmosphere). Gaseous organic compounds were analysed by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), while particulate OA was analysed online by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and offline by thermal-optical analysis and thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Photochemical reactions increased the mass of particulate organic carbon by a factor of 1.3–3.9. The increase in mass took place during the first atmospheric equivalent day of aging, after which the enhancement was independent of the extent of photochemical exposure. However, aging increased the oxidation state of the particulate OA linearly throughout the assessed range, with ∆H:C/∆O:C slopes between −0.17 and −0.49 in van Krevelen space. Aging led to an increase in acidic fragmentation products in both phases. For the volatile organic compounds measured by PTR-ToF-MS, the formation of small carbonylic compounds combined with the rapid degradation of primary volatile organic compounds such as aromatic compounds led to a continuous increase in both the O:C and H:C ratios. Overall, the share of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in particles degraded rapidly during aging, although some oxygen-substituted PACs, most notably naphthaldehydic acid, increased, in particular during relatively short exposures. Similarly, the concentrations of particulate nitrophenols rose extensively during the first atmospheric equivalent day. During continuous photochemical aging, the dominant reaction mechanisms shifted from the initial gas phase functionalisation/condensation to the transformation of the particulate OA by further oxidation reactions and fragmentation. The observed continuous transformation of OA composition throughout a broad range of OH exposures indicates that the entire atmospheric lifetime of the emission, from fresh to shortly aged to long-term aged emission (representative of long-range transported pollutants), needs to be explored to fully assess the potential climate and health effects of OA emissions.