bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Im Chaos der Gefühle
Authors: Handle Verena , Rungg Christine , Krims Birgit , Perkhofer Susanne
Published: October 2018

Kinder und Jugendliche, die unter einer depressiven Störung leiden, sind schnell suizidgefährdet oder neigen zu Alkohol- und Drogenmissbrauch. Um dem
vorzubeugen, ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose wichtig. Wie man eine depressive Störung erkennt und welche Therapiemöglichkeiten es gibt, zeigt der folgende
Beitrag.
„Es geht darum, gemeinsam ein besseres Verständnis vom Wohl eines Kindes zu entwickeln“
Authors: Rohde Katrin S.
Published: October 2018

Norbert Steinkamp trug durch sein gemeinsam mit Bert Gordjin verfasstes Buch „Ethik in Klinik und Pflegeeinrichtung“ wesentlich zur Entwicklung der klinischen
Ethik in Deutschland bei. Der studierte Theologe und Philosoph verfügt über viele Jahre Erfahrung in der Lehre in Ethik für Pflegeberufe, als Moderator
ethischer Fallbesprechungen, in der Leitung und Mitarbeit in Ethikkommissionen, in Beratung und Training in Organisationen des Gesundheitswesens. Er ist aber
auch Theoretiker und derzeit Professor für theologisch-ethische Grundlagen sozialprofessionellen Handelns an der Katholischen Hochschule für Sozialwesen in
Berlin. JuKiP-Herausgeberin Katrin S. Rohde hat Norbert Steinkamp interviewt.
Copper-Catalyzed Azomethine Imine–Alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAIAC)
Authors: Svete Jurij , Grošelj Uroš , Požgan Franc , Štefane Bogdan
Published: October 2018

Although the first example of copper-catalyzed azomethine imine–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAIAC) was published only a year after the seminal papers of Meldal and Sharpless on Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the CuAIAC reaction has remained overlooked by the synthetic community for almost a decade. Since 2010, however, CuAIAC reaction started to emerge as a promising supplement to the well-known CuAAC reaction. The present review surveys primarily the literature on CuAIAC reaction since 2003. Beside this, azomethine imine–alkyne cycloadditions catalyzed by other metals, selected examples of metal-free reactions, and related [3+3] and [3+4] cycloadditions of azomethine imines are presented. All these experimental data indicate the viability of CuAIAC in organic synthesis and the applicability in ‘click’ chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Reactions with Acyclic Azomethine Imines

3 Reactions with C,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines

4 Reactions with N,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines

5 Reactions with C,N,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines

6 The Mechanism of the CuAIAC Reaction

7 Conclusions and Outlook
Cuestionario CAVICAVENMI: calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo
Authors: Abáigar-Pedraza Irache , Megías-Garrigós Julián , Sánchez-Payá José , Simal Sara Calvo
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo a lo largo del estudio utilizando el cuestionario CAVICAVENMI.

Material y Método Se incluyen 180 pacientes diagnosticados de TVNMI (febrero 2013 - junio 2015). Todos rellenaron el cuestionario CAVICAVENMI en cuatro ocasiones: previo a la cirugía y la primera, segunda y tercera visita postintervención. Aquellos que reciben tratamiento adyuvante completan el cuestionario en dos ocasiones más: a mitad y final del ciclo de tratamiento. Estudiamos la variabilidad en la calidad de vida con una T-Student para datos apareados. Realizamos T - Student para muestras independientes entre el decremento porcentual (antes de la intervención frente a tercera visita postintervención) y determinadas características tumorales (tamaño, número de siembras, localización y CIS - carcinoma in situ). Realizamos un estudio de regresión múltiple para determinar valores de confusión entre las características tumorales.

Resultados Evidenciamos una mejora significativa en la calidad de vida a partir de la tercera visita postintervención en pacientes sin tratamiento adyuvante; y a partir del segundo momento postintervención en aquellos con tratamiento adyuvante. No existen diferencias significativas entre las características tumorales, pero observamos una mayor puntuación en presencia de las mismas. No encontramos factores de confusión.

Conclusiones La calidad de vida en pacientes TVNMI, presenta una mejoría a lo largo del estudio. Esos cambios son más tempranos en los apartados de percepción de enfermedad, autoestima y estado emocional. Aquellos pacientes con presencia de las características tumorales estudiadas, presentan una peor calidad de vida, aunque no es estadísticamente significativo.
Evaluation of Effect by Different Surface Treatment Agents on Retention of Custom Made Cast Metal Post and Prefabricated Glass Fibre Post-A Comparative Study
Authors: Panthi Sunny , Dutta Kusum , Singla Gaurav ,   Harpreet
Published: October 2018

Posts are widely used for restoring endodontically treated teeth with insufficient coronal tooth structure. Custom made cast metal post and core systems have a long history of successful use due to their superior physical properties. Prefabricated post systems have recently become more popular because they can provide satisfactory results, while saving time and reducing costs. Materials and Method: Post spaces were prepared in 60 extracted caries free teeth, and divided into two main groups of 30 teeth each for cast metal and glass fibre posts. These groups were further divided into 3 subgroups of 10 specimens each I) Control group without any surface treatment, II) Specimens treated with 57% ethanol, III) Specimens air abraded with 50um air borne alumina particles. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks prepared from a specially fabricated metal device. Posts were luted in the prepared post spaces with glass ionomer luting cement. Retentive strength was tested by Universal testing machine at 2mm/min crosshead speed. Results: Sand blasting of cast metal posts showed more significant improvement in retention compared to both control group and ethyl alcohol treated groups. In case of glass fibre posts, sand blasting significantly improved its retention compared to control group but no significant difference was observed between control and ethyl alcohol treated groups. There was also no significant difference between ethyl alcohol treated and sand blasted group. Conclusion: It was concluded that, sand blasting is an effective method to improve retention of both cast metal and glass fibre posts.
Comparison of Apical Transportation, Centering Ability and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Four Rotary File Systems
Authors: Sood Ankita , Jindal Varun , Chhabra Ajay , Arora Arvind , Vats Ankur
Published: October 2018

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical transportation, centering ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems. Methods: Mesiobuccal roots of eighty maxillary molars were divided into four groups and instrumented with Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems with a final apical size being 25/.04. Apical deviation was assessed by the radiographic platform method that enables obtaining superimposed images of the first and last instrument used in root canal preparation in the same radiograph. Apical transportation was measured in millimeters with the aid of the AUTOCAD 2008 software. Forty canals were sectioned at 7mm from the apex and stereomicroscopic Images were taken at 6x magnification before and after instrumentation for evaluation of centering ability. The cyclic fatigue testing was conducted with the instrumentrotating freely at angles of curvature of 45 degree. Total 10 instruments were tested in each group. The instruments were rotated at 400rpm using the X-smart motor (Dentsply, Maillefer) until fracture occurred. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in apical transportation and centering ability whereas twisted files showed the maximum cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: The different rotary file systems provided minimum canal transportation and the twisted file performed significantly better in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance.
To Determine The Functional Efficacy of Led Units in Various Clinical Offices
Authors: Nabhi Kamal , Chhabra Ajay , Jindal Varun ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Aim: Light units used for polymerization of resin composites are subject to deterioration with age, and frequent maintenance is required to maintain optimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of LED units in private dental offices in Baddi (H.P) for polymerization of resin composites. Materials and Methods: Twenty dental offices met all selection criteria and agreedto participate in the study. To measure light intensity, an analogue radiometer was used. The probe of each LED unit was placed and then measurements of light intensities were recorded for each light unit and the data was statistically analysed. Results: The light intensity of the individual units varied widely. The results revealed that there was error of 35% and a standard deviation of 155.76 among the intensities of various LED Units checked in the study. Conclusions: Light polymerization units in private dental offices displayed a wide rangein light intensity, and many had below-recommended levels. A positive linear relationship was found between light intensity and photoactivation effectiveness. Dentists should regularly monitor the condition of light units and replace deteriorating parts.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Apical Seal Produced by Three Different Thermoplasticized Guttapercha Obturation Techniques in Oval Canals
Authors: Bansal Geetanjali , Bansal Ajay , Padda Bhupinder
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability to obturate oval canals with three thermoplasticizedguttaperchaobturation techniques taking lateral condensation technique as the control. Ninety-five freshly extracted teeth were decoronated at 2mm coronal to CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using step back technique. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of 30 teeth each and one control group of 5 teeth. The group I (control group) was obturated with lateral condensation technique, group II obturated with injectable thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique, group III obturated with thermoplasticizedguttapercha with downpack and backfill technique andgroup IV obturated with core carrier thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique. The sealability of each technique was assessed by a dye penetration method. The roots were given two full layers of nail polish varnish except apical 2mm. Specimens were then immersed in India ink for 48 hours. Robertson’s technique was used to clear the specimens. The linear dye penetration was measured from anatomic apex to the deepest extent of dye penetration in a coronal direction using triocular stereomicroscope at 10 × magnification. The mean dye leakage of group I was 2.6700mm;group II 0.1713mm;group III 3.3977mm; group IV 2.3210mm. When the means of all the four groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis test the difference was found to be very highly significant with the value<.001**, meaning there by that group II is significantly better than the other three groups as far as sealing ability is concerned.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Resin Fiber Post and Stainless Steel Post: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Singh Vijay , Bogra Poonam , Gupta Saurabh , Kukreja Navneet , Gupta Neha
Published: October 2018

Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with post. Aims: This study aims to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with resin fiber and stainless steel post. Commercially available prefabricated resin fiber post(Dentsply Maillefer Easy Post), prefabricated stainless steel post(Coltene/Whaledent Parapost) were used. Methods and Material: Forty five maxillary central incisors were obturated and divided into 3 groups: Control Group (Group I) without any post (n = 15), Resin Fiber Post Group (Group II) (n = 15) and Stainless Steel Post Group (Group III) (n = 15). In all Groups except control group, post space was prepared; a post was cemented, and a core build-up was provided. All the specimens were subjected to compressive force under a universal testing machine until fracture. Statistical analysis used: The results were analyzed using the variable analysis test (ANOVA). Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference among test groups. The control group demonstrated highest fracture resistance (925.2183 N), followed by the resin fiber post group (486.7265 N) and stainless steel post group (423.539N). Conclusions: Teeth restored with resin fiber post showed higher fracture resistance values than prefabricated stainless steel post.
An Overview of Zirconia and its Application in Dentistry
Authors: Kumar Manjit , Razdan Sonali , Sharma Arvind
Published: October 2018

To replace metallic dental prosthesis the structure of ceramics has been improved. Among in Ceramics Zirconia has come up in a big way because of its biological, mechanical and optical properties. It has adequate mechanical properties to be used in medical devices. With addition of yittrium trioxide properties of zirconia improved tremendously to be used in dentistry. This review article gives general properties as well as specific clinical guidelines for its use in dentistry.
Root Resorption Associated with Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Review
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Dhaliwal Yadvinder , Dhaliwal Ambika
Published: October 2018

Root resorption is one of the most common and serious side effect commonly associated with orthodontic treatment. Numerous studies have associated root resorption with multiple factors during course of orthodontic treatment, but no clear cause and effect relationship has been demonstrated. Various factors like individual susceptibility, systemic factors, appliance type, tooth movement and force applied play a major role. This article attempts to review the literature regarding root resorption with various factors associated with orthodontic treatment.
Comparison Between Prescription of Regular or on-Demand Ibuprofen on Postoperative Pain after Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment of Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Nabhi Kamal , Chhabra Ajay , Jindal Varun , Singh Simran ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Prevention and management of postendodontic pain (PEP) is an integral part of endodontic treatment. NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, Ketorolac are the most common medications used for managing pain after root canal treatment. So the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pain relief on regular versus on demand prescription of ibuprofen after single-visit root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials & Methodology: The study was performed on twenty patients. Root canal treatment was performed and all the patients were given a ‘‘rescue bag’’ that contained 8 tablets of 400 mg ibuprofen and then divided into two groups. In the group 1- patients were instructed to use ibuprofen tablets if they felt pain and in the group 2- patients were instructed to take ibuprofen regularly after every 6 hours for at least three days. Patients were instructed to complete a form to rate their pain at 24 and 48 hours after the root canal treatment and were also asked to record the number of analgesic tablets they had taken. Records were collected and statistically analysed. Results: The patients’ pain levels in groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours after root canal treatment. The number of analgesic medications used by the patients in group 2 was significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: Regular prescription of ibuprofen had no significant effect on postoperative pain compared with on-demand use of ibuprofen in teeth with irreversible pulpitis
rhPDGF Mediated Root Coverage Procedure Using Coronally Advanced Flap in Treatment of Multiple Recession Defects: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Preetinder , Dev Yash , Nitin Khuller , Singh Anahita , Kaur Prabhjot , Singh Yashbir
Published: October 2018

Gingival recession has been defined as the term used to characterize the apical shift of the marginal gingiva from its normal position on the crown of the tooth to levels on the root surface beyond the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Numerous techniques have been developed for treatment of these defects including rotational and advanced gingival flaps, soft-tissue grafting procedures with autogenous and allograft materials. This paper illustrates a case report of 42-years-old male patient with a chief complaint of thermal root sensitivity in relation with front teeth of lower jaw and describes a technique to coronally advance the flap in combination with recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) (GEM 21S®) to treat multiple gingival recession defects. Patient was followed postoperatively, and healing was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months, with recession depth as the primary outcome measure. This case report revealed a favourable tissue response to GEM 21S® from both clinical and aesthetic points of view showing excellent plastic surgery results for gingiva.
Dental Management of a Patient with Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Case Report
Authors: Singhal Monisha , Singh Nitin , Rohit Anand , Chaudhary C.
Published: October 2018

Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is one of the most common thyroid disorders. It occurs because of dysgenesis of thyroid gland which is responsible for the normal development of neural system. Child patient suffering from congenital hypothyroidism shows various medical and behavioral symptoms which makes routine dental care very challenging to the pediatric dentist. Due to increased awareness and introduction of neonatal screening, the long term hypothyroidism has become rare. The most significant oral conditions related to these patients are delayed eruption and dental caries. The present case report outlines the dental treatment of a 9yr old girl with congenital hypothyroidism.
Current Concepts and Trends in Biomechanics and Biomaterials of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants
Authors: Jindal Neha , Kumar Manjit ,   Ramandeep
Published: October 2018

The science of Implantology has undergone numerous modifications and improvement and is highly dynamic. With each improvement and advancement, Implantology has proved to be a boon in disguise to the society and hence its acceptance by the general population has widely increased despite of expensive treatment modality. More of clinical trials conducted on different commercially available implants, its effect on bone and oral tissues as well as the development of implant designs, have increased the success rate of implants to over 95% and specially in anterior mandible where the success rate is over 99%. Latest technological advances in Dental Implantology are reviewed in this article.
Management of Iatrogenic Furcation Perforation in Mandibular First Molar With Biodentine- Two Years Follow Up
Authors: Thakur Savita , Rani Anuradha , Garg Nisha ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Successful management of furcation perforations poses a challenge for a clinician. The perforation can result from iatrogenic causes, caries or resorption. It is advisable to repair the perforation as soon as it is identified, since any delay allows the bacterial ingress leading to a complicated endodontic–periodontal lesion and ultimately in the treatment failure. This case report describes successful management of a furcal perforation in a mandibular first molar, which was repaired using Biodentine. The endodontic treatment was completed and the tooth was coronally restored with composite followed by full coverage restoration. Two years follow up of the case showing absence of pain; periradicular healing of the lesion, along with functional tooth stability indicated a successful outcome of endodontic treatment and sealing the perforation using Biodentine.
“Epidermoid Cyst of Hard Palate and Evaluation of Healing by Color Power Doppler Ultrasonography: A Case Report
Authors: Chauhan Sanjeev , Gupta Ashu , Sharma Vishal , Aggarwal Neeti
Published: October 2018

Epidermoid cyst is a rare developmental cyst of the oro-facial region which results from entrapped epidermal elements with an incidence of 6.9-7% and represents less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts. PRF, as a physiologic fibrin matrix, serves as a net to stem cells, especially when an accelerated angiogenesis develops in the fibrin membrane. This aspect is of particular interest in the case of wide osseous defects. The Color Power Doppler detects minute areas of blood flow and the velocity of blood flow in healing bone by recording the change in frequency caused by the moving red blood cells. It demonstrates the progressive formation of new vessels in bone during the initial healing period. As the bone remodelling proceeds, there is a decrease in flow signals.
Giant Calvarial Ewing's Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Sarigul Buse , Uysal Ece , Avci İdris , Peker Halil , Celik Suat
Published: October 2018

Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common primary bone tumor seen in children and adolescents, first being osteosarcoma. Skull lesions are seen in 6 to 9% of cases. The tumor tends to reside most frequently on frontal and parietal bones. In the literature, majority of papers on calvarial EWS present cases with intracranial involvement; extracranial extension is reported in only eight cases. The case that we are presenting in this report is a 23-year-old male patient with multiple infiltrations in femur, costal bones, and calvarium which had been diagnosed radiologically and histopathologically as EWS. The calvarial metastasis had reached a very huge size with dimensions of approximately 7.5 × 7.5 × 9.5 cm and was successfully excised totally. Twelve months of follow-up revealed no recurrence in the surgical site showing that total removal of giant cranial EWS may improve morbidity of these patients.
Dynamic mode decomposition using a Kalman filter for parameter estimation
Authors: Nonomura Taku , Shibata Hisaichi , Takaki Ryoji
Published: October 2018

A novel dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method based on a Kalman filter is proposed. This paper explains the fast algorithm of the proposed Kalman filter DMD (KFDMD) in combination with truncated proper orthogonal decomposition for many-degree-of-freedom problems. Numerical experiments reveal that KFDMD can estimate eigenmodes more precisely compared with standard DMD or total least-squares DMD (tlsDMD) methods for the severe noise condition if the nature of the observation noise is known, though tlsDMD works better than KFDMD in the low and medium noise level. Moreover, KFDMD can track the eigenmodes precisely even when the system matrix varies with time similar to online DMD, and this extension is naturally conducted owing to the characteristics of the Kalman filter. In summary, the KFDMD is a promising tool with strong antinoise characteristics for analyzing sequential datasets.
System identification of a hot cathode electron source: Time domain approach
Authors: Kania B. , Sikora J.
Published: October 2018

Electron sources with a hot cathode operating in consumption or generation modes are widely used in many vacuum devices as gas ion sources, thermionic energy converters. The main aim of this work is to get information how dynamic properties of the electron source changes within full range of work, therefore the identification of a hot cathode electron source using the step signal and the time domain approach to know dynamic parameters (DC incremental transconductance, time constant, delay time) of the electron source in full range of its operation is made. In the first part, an open-loop system identification using step response method was conducted. For the electron source with a thoriated tungsten cathode (d=0.1 mm, l=45 mm) operating in the range 1 μA to 1 mA, the time constant T varies from 0.71 s to 0.35 s, the delay time T0 from 0.04 s to 0.01 s and the DC incremental transconductance g0 from 0 to 0.0056 S, respectively. In the next step, an approximation of obtained characteristics is made and ultimate gains of thermionic emission current automatic control system for each fixed operating point are estimated. The results of similar investigations for electron sources with an yttrium oxide coated iridium cathode and a tungsten cathode have also been shown. Presented system identification approach can be successfully applied to other types of the hot cathode electron sources.
Harmonic vibration suppression for magnetically suspended flywheel with rotor unbalance and sensor runout
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Kun , Zhang Zhizhou
Published: October 2018

Rotor unbalance and sensor runout are the two major interference sources in magnetically suspended flywheel (MSF), which can induce undesirable harmonic vibration and reduce the attitude control precision of spacecraft. To further suppress the harmonic vibration caused by multiple interference sources, a compound control method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the mechanism of harmonic vibration is analyzed. The rotor unbalance mainly generates the single harmonic vibration and the sensor runout generates multiple harmonic vibration. Secondly, on the basis of the characteristics of the two kinds of interference, the generalized notch filter and the repetitive control method are adopted to suppress the harmonic vibration caused by sensor runout and rotor unbalance, respectively. Thirdly, in order to reduce the difficulty of controller design, a plug-in structure is adopted to the repetitive controller. And then the two control methods can be designed independently. The stability and the interference suppression capability of the proposed method were analyzed. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been experimentally verified.
Low conversion loss and high isolation harmonic mixer based on multilayer graphene
Authors: Chen Chuan , Fang Yong , Ge Liangquan , Hou Xueshi , Sheng Haoxuan , Liu Jianlong , Zeng Baoqing , Zhong Xiaoling , Guo Yong
Published: October 2018

Low conversion loss (CL) and high isolation graphene harmonic mixer with inductor-capacitor resonators and microstrip reflective stubs (MRS) is presented in this paper. The nonlinear electromagnetic field characteristics of the multilayer graphene are similar to those of an antiparallel diode pair, which has very strong nonlinear characteristic and is suitable for the development of the Low-level even-combinatorial-frequency harmonic mixer. Through the reflection of radio frequency (RF) signal and local oscillator (LO) frequency signal, the CL of graphene harmonic mixer is significantly reduced, and the isolation between the ports is also improved. The measured minimum CL at the LO power of 16dBm is about 19.2dB, and 2-3dB lower than that without MRS over the frequency band from 2.05-2.5GHz, while the isolation between ports is better than 30dB.
The academic English collocation list
Authors: Lei Lei , Liu Dilin
Published: October 2018

The use of collocations plays an important role for the proficiency of ESL/EFL learners. Hence, educators and researchers have long tried to identify collocations typical of either academic or general English and the challenges involved in learning them. This paper proposes a comprehensive and type-balanced academic English collocation list (AECL). AECL is based on a large corpus of academic English and was created to cover the types of collocations that will be most useful to ESL/EFL learners. AECL is the result of an innovative research-based procedure that involves a five-step selection method. A comparison of the collocations on AECL with those found in well-known collocation dictionaries of general English and on three existing academic English collocation lists indicates that AECL indeed contains mainly academic rather than general English collocations. In addition, AECL is more comprehensive with regard to the types of collocations that are relevant to learners.
On the evolution of hydrological modelling for water resources in Eastern Africa.
Authors: Senkondo W. , Tumbo M. , Lyon S. W.
Published: October 2018

This review provides an assessment of the evolution of hydrological modelling for Eastern Africa. We outline the historical development and perspectives considered as this region, like many regions around the world, sees increasing attention on how water resources can be sustainably developed. We emphasize the spatial scales and modelling approaches that typify the region and how these have changed with time. The review is done in two complementary approaches. The first approach is to explore a practical, real-world example providing context for the Eastern Africa region and the water resource development issues presently faced. We use Tanzania's 34 000 km
2
Kilombero Valley (KV) river basin to explore implications of significant gaps in data and modelling scales. We hypothesize that these gaps limit the application of the current state-of-the-science to inform water management policy and practice under current and estimated future conditions. In our second approach, we investigate possible solutions to bridge these gaps through a review of case studies from other Eastern Africa's basins across a range of sizes. Our result highlight that some applications of the models considered under this review anticipated more recent international developments as indicated in Predictions in Ungauged Basins and Panta Rhei initiatives. Through this review, it is clear that there is a possibility to improve understanding of the hydrological processes relevant at scales such as the KV river basin through the use of (1) global precipitation datasets (e.g. satellite and/or homogenized observed data) as input data; (2) remote sensing datasets as model evaluation variable; (3) regionalization around the transferability of model parameters; (4) modification of model codes/structures to suit local conditions; and (5) understanding and application of uncertainty principles in hydrological modelling. Given that many regions of the world face similar water resource management challenges as Eastern Africa; it is likely that the findings of this review could help guide how we develop the next generation of modelling approaches to leverage information from various scales.
Identification and expression analysis of MinD gene involved in plastid division in cassava
Authors: Ke Lei , Cao Liang-Jing , Geng Meng-Ting , Wang Cong-Cong , Yao Yuan , Xiao Yu , Huang Wu , Li Rui-Mei , Min Yi , Guo Jian-Chun
Published: October 2018

Cassava is a tropical crop known for its starchy root and excellent properties. Considering that starch biosynthesis in the amyloplast is affected by its division, it appears conceivable that the regulation of plastid division plays an important role in starch accumulation. As a member of the Min system genes, MinD participated in the spatial regulation of the position of the plastid division site.In our studies, sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that MeMinD has been highly conserved during the evolutionary process. Subcellular localisation indicated that MeMinD carries a chloroplast transit peptide and was localised in the chloroplast. Overexpression of MeMinD resulted in division site misplacement and filamentous formation in E. coli, indicating that MeMinD protein was functional across species. MeMinD exhibited different spatial and temporal expression patterns which was highly expressed in the source compared to that in the sink organ.
Japanese Rice Wine can reduce psychophysical stress-induced depression-like behaviors and Fos expression in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis evoked by masseter muscle injury in the rats
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Kakihara Yoshito , Shimizu Shiho , Kurose Masayuki , Sato Tsutomu , Kaneoke Mitsuoki , Saeki Makio , Takagi Ritsuo , Yamamura Kensuke , Okamoto Keiichiro
Published: October 2018

We determined if Japanese Rice Wine (Sake) had inhibitory effects on stress-induced enhancement of masseter muscle (MM) nociception in the rats. Male rats were subjected to the repeated forced swim stress (FS) or sham conditionings from Day −3 to −1. Daily administration of Sake or saline was conducted after each stress conditioning. At Day 0 the number of Fos positive cells, a marker for neural activity, was quantified at the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) region by MM injury with formalin. FS increased MM-evoked Fos expression in the Vc region, which was inhibited by Sake compared to saline administration. Sake did not alter the number of Fos positive cells under sham conditions, indicating that inhibitory roles of Sake on neural activity in the Vc region were seen under FS conditions. These findings indicated that Sake had inhibitory roles on stress-induced MM nociception at the Vc region in our experimental conditions.
Construction of a potato fraction library for the investigation of functional secondary metabolites
Authors: Nogawa Toshihiko , Futamura Yushi , Okano Akiko , Suto Mari , Nakamura Junya , Ishihara Katsuyuki , Osada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2018

A potato fraction library was constructed to investigate functional secondary metabolites from 8 cultivars: Kitahime, Pilka, Sakurafubuki, Atlantic, Toyoshiro, Snowden, Kitamurasaki, and Northern Ruby, which were divided into flower, leaf, stem, roots, tuber peel, and tuber. Each fraction was a semi-purified extract and about 800 fractions were prepared for the library. They were analyzed by DAD-LC/MS to obtain structural information and were evaluated for various biological activities. LC/MS data showed that each part had a specific characteristic for their constituents supported by principal component analysis (PCA). Approximately 40% of fractions showed significant biological activities at 30 μg/mL, especially the flower fractions showed strong cytotoxicity. PCAs based on the activity and LC/MS data suggested that the strong cytotoxicity of flowers was derived from a complex mixture of potato glycoalkaloids. In addition, tuber peel fractions showed strong antimalarial activity, which had not been reported before. Also, some fractions showed significant antibacterial activities.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Kaempferol onHelicobacter pylori-induced inflammation
Authors: Yeon Min Ji , Lee Min Ho , Kim Do Hyun , Yang Ji Yeong , Woo Hyun Jun , Kwon Hye Jin , Moon Cheol , Kim Sa-Hyun , Kim Jong-Bae
Published: October 2018

Inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection related to gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism of kaempferol in the inflammatory response caused by H. pylori infection in vitro. We found that kaempferol reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) and production of IL-8 in AGS cells. In addition, kaempferol suppressed translocation of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) of H. pylori to AGS cells. It was due to decreased transcription of type IV secretion system (T4SS) components involved in CagA injection and secretion system subunit protein A (SecA) of type V secretion system (T5SS) involved in VacA secretion by kaempferol. In conclusion, kaempferol shows the anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the translocation of CagA and VacA proteins and leading to the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Abbreviations: CagA: cytotoxin-associated gene A; VacA: vacuolating cytotoxin A; T4SS: type IV secretion systems; SecA: secretion system subunit protein A; T5SS: type V secretion system;
Selectivity Conversion of Protease Inhibitory Antibodies
Authors: Lopez Tyler , Ramirez Aaron , Benitez Chris , Mustafa Zahid , Pham Henry , Sanchez Ramon , Ge Xin
Published: October 2018

Background: Proteases are one of the largest pharmaceutical targets for drug developments. Their dysregulations result in a wide variety of diseases. Because proteolytic networks usually consist of protease family members that share high structural and catalytic homology, distinguishing them using small molecule inhibitors is often challenging. To achieve specific inhibition, this study described a novel approach for the generation of protease inhibitory antibodies. As a proof of concept, we aimed to convert a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 specific inhibitor to MMP-9 specific inhibitory antibodies with high selectivity.

Methods: An error-prone single-chain Fv (scFv) library of an MMP-14 inhibitor 3A2 was generated for yeast surface display. A dual-color competitive FACS was developed for selection on MMP-9 catalytic domain (cdMMP-9) and counter-selection on cdMMP-14 simultaneously, which were fused/conjugated with different fluorophores. Isolated MMP-9 inhibitory scFvs were biochemically characterized by inhibition assays on MMP-2/-9/-12/-14, proteolytic stability tests, inhibition mode determination, competitive ELISA with TIMP-2 (a native inhibitor of MMPs), and paratope mutagenesis assays.

Results: We converted an MMP-14 specific inhibitor 3A2 into a panel of MMP-9 specific inhibitory antibodies with dramatic selectivity shifts of 690–4,500 folds. Isolated scFvs inhibited cdMMP-9 at nM potency with high selectivity over MMP-2/-12/-14 and exhibited decent proteolytic stability. Biochemical characterizations revealed that these scFvs were competitive inhibitors binding to cdMMP-9 near its reaction cleft via their CDR-H3s.

Conclusions: This study developed a novel approach able to convert the selectivity of inhibitory antibodies among closely related protease family members. This methodology can be directly applied for mAbs inhibiting many proteases of biomedical importance.

Statement of Significance To achieve high selectivity required for therapies, we developed a novel approach for the generation of protease inhibitory antibodies with nM potency and decent proteolytic stability. The methodology demonstrated here can be readily applied to many proteases of biomedical importance.
Accurate detection of chimeric contigs via Bionano optical maps
Authors: Pan Weihua , Lonardi Stefano
Published: October 2018

A chimeric contig is contig that has been incorrectly assembled, i.e. a contig that contains one or more mis-joins. The detection of chimeric contigs can be carried out either by aligning assembled contigs to genome-wide maps (e.g. genetic, physical or optical maps) or by mapping sequenced reads to the assembled contigs. Here, we introduce a software tool called Chimericognizer that takes advantage of one or more Bionano Genomics optical maps to accurately detect and correct chimeric contigs. Experimental results show that Chimericognizer is very accurate, and significantly better than the chimeric detection method offered by the Bionano Hybrid Scaffold pipeline. Chimericognizer can also detect and correct chimeric optical molecules.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/ucrbioinfo/Chimericognizer

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
cath-resolve-hits: a new tool that resolves domain matches suspiciously quickly
Authors: Lewis T E , Sillitoe I , Lees J G
Published: October 2018

Motivation

Many bioinformatics areas require us to assign domain matches onto stretches of a query protein. Starting with a set of candidate matches, we want to identify the optimal subset that has limited/no overlap between matches. This may be further complicated by discontinuous domains in the input data. Existing tools are increasingly facing very large data-sets for which they require prohibitive amounts of CPU-time and memory.

Results

We present cath-resolve-hits (CRH), a new tool that uses a dynamic-programming algorithm implemented in open-source C++ to handle large datasets quickly (up to ∼1 million hits/second) and in reasonable amounts of memory. It accepts multiple input formats and provides its output in plain text, JSON or graphical HTML. We describe a benchmark against an existing algorithm, which shows CRH delivers very similar or slightly improved results and very much improved CPU/memory performance on large datasets.

Availability and implementation

CRH is available at https://github.com/UCLOrengoGroup/cath-tools; documentation is available at http://cath-tools.readthedocs.io.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The extraordinary journey of a metal endoclip to the outside of the chest wall
Authors: Acar Arkin , Ceylan Kenan Can , Kaya Şeyda Örs
Published: October 2018

Metal endoclips are frequently utilized in surgical procedures. Within the medical literature, metal endoclip migration following general surgical procedures is a widely studied complication. However, examples of thoracic metal endoclip migration are, as yet, absent in the medical literature. This case study seeks to provide the first clear example of such thoracic metal endoclip migration.
Generations and Stability of Support for the EU: An Analysis of Six-Wave Panel Data from The Netherlands
Authors: Ringlerova Zuzana
Published: October 2018

As the Brexit referendum has demonstrated, public support for the European Union (EU) is important for the future of the EU. The existing research shows that young citizens tend to be more supportive of the EU than old citizens. How stable, however, is this support? Do individuals who grew up in a strongly integrated EU have more stable support for the EU? Analysis of six-wave panel data from The Netherlands reveals that support for the EU is about equally stable among all generations, young and old. Given the higher level of support for the EU among younger generations, these findings suggest that support for the EU may increase as older, more skeptical generations are replaced by younger generations.
The Role of Bowel Ultrasound in Detecting Subclinical Inflammation in Pregnant Women with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Leung Yvette , Shim Hang Hock , Wilkens Rune , Tanyingoh Divine , Afshar Elnaz Ehteshami , Sharifi Nastaran , Pauls Mehrnoosh , Novak Kerri L , Kaplan Gilaad G , Panaccione Remo , Wilson Stephanie R , Seow Cynthia H
Published: October 2018

Background and Aims

Maintaining disease remission improves outcomes for pregnant women with Crohn’s disease (CD). As symptoms may correlate poorly with disease activity in the gravid state, we investigated the utility of bowel sonography during pregnancy to assess disease activity.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of pregnant women with CD undergoing bowel sonography between July 1, 2012, and December 1, 2016. Clinically active disease was defined using standardized clinical indices (Harvey Bradshaw Index >4 for active disease). Sonographic findings were graded as inactive (normal, mild) or active (moderate, severe) by expert radiologists.

Results

There were 91 pregnancies in 82 CD patients. Symptoms were present in 12 pregnancies; however, eight (67%) had sonographic findings of inactive disease, and escalation of therapy was not initiated. Conversely, sonographically active disease in seven asymptomatic pregnancies resulted in four women escalating therapy. The remaining three women declined escalation of therapy, one had a miscarriage, and the other two women had persistently active disease on sonography and endoscopy at one-year postpartum.

Conclusions

Bowel ultrasound may detect subclinical inflammation in asymptomatic pregnant women with CD and stratify CD activity in symptomatic patients. Therefore, bowel sonography should be considered as a useful adjunct for the assessment of the pregnant woman with Crohn’s disease.
Confirmational Holism and Theory Choice: Arrow Meets Duhem
Authors: Cresto Eleonora , Tajer Diego
Published: October 2018

In a recent paper Samir Okasha has suggested an application of Arrow’s impossibility theorem to theory choice. When epistemic virtues are interpreted as ‘voters’ in charge of ranking competing theories, and there are more than two theories at stake, the final ordering is bound to coincide with the one proposed by one of the voters (the dictator), provided a number of seemingly reasonable conditions are in place. In a similar spirit, Jacob Stegenga has shown that Arrow’s theorem applies to the amalgamation of evidence; the ‘voters’ here are the different sources of evidence. As with Okasha’s proposal, it is not clear how to avoid Arrow’s pessimistic conclusion.

In this paper we develop a novel argument that purports to show that, in typical examples, Arrow’s result does not obtain when dealing with evidence amalgamation. The reason is that we cannot escape the well-known Duhem problem: the evidence actually confirms (or disconfirms) complex conjunctions that include various auxiliary hypotheses. We argue that confirmational holism induces us to restrict the domain of a reasonable amalgamation function, thus violating one of Arrow’s conditions. The upshot is that we are now able to see the Duhem problem under a different, positive light – namely, as a phenomenon that makes the aggregation of the evidence possible in the first place, when there are at least three options on the table.
Accretion disc MHD winds and blazar classification
Authors: Boula Stella , Kazanas Demosthenes , Mastichiadis Apostolos
Published: October 2018

The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope observations of blazars show a strong correlation between the spectral index of their γ-ray spectra and their synchrotron peak frequency $\nu _{\rm {pk}}^{\rm {syn}}$; additionally, the rate of Compton dominance of these sources also seems to be a function of $\nu _{\rm {pk}}^{\rm {syn}}$. In this work, we adopt the assumption that the non-thermal emission of blazars is primarily due to radiation by a population of Fermi-accelerated electrons in a relativistic outflow (jet) along the symmetry axis of the blazar’s accretion disc. Furthermore, we assume that the Compton component is related to an external photon field of photons, which are scattered from particles of the magnetohydrodynamic wind emanating from the accretion disc. Our results reproduce well the aforementioned basic observational trends of blazar classification by varying just one parameter, namely the mass accretion rate on to the central black hole.
Deep forest
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Hua , Feng Ji
Published: October 2018

Current deep-learning models are mostly built upon neural networks, i.e. multiple layers of parameterized differentiable non-linear modules that can be trained by backpropagation. In this paper, we explore the possibility of building deep models based on non-differentiable modules such as decision trees. After a discussion about the mystery behind deep neural networks, particularly by contrasting them with shallow neural networks and traditional machine-learning techniques such as decision trees and boosting machines, we conjecture that the success of deep neural networks owes much to three characteristics, i.e. layer-by-layer processing, in-model feature transformation and sufficient model complexity. On one hand, our conjecture may offer inspiration for theoretical understanding of deep learning; on the other hand, to verify the conjecture, we propose an approach that generates deep forest holding these characteristics. This is a decision-tree ensemble approach, with fewer hyper-parameters than deep neural networks, and its model complexity can be automatically determined in a data-dependent way. Experiments show that its performance is quite robust to hyper-parameter settings, such that in most cases, even across different data from different domains, it is able to achieve excellent performance by using the same default setting. This study opens the door to deep learning based on non-differentiable modules without gradient-based adjustment, and exhibits the possibility of constructing deep models without backpropagation.