bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Modesty: The Everyday Production of Gendered Space in Segregated and Assimilative Organizations
Authors: Chaudhry Shafaq , Priola Vincenza
Published: November 2024

This article explores the relations between organizational spatiality, gender and religion‐informed cultural practices. Theoretically grounded in Lefebvre's spatial theory and informed by Islamic feminism, it examines the significance of Islamic spatial modesty in (re)constructing and sustaining gender (in)equalities in financial institutions in Pakistan. The analysis reveals that the work‐space of Pakistani banks is gendered in ways that reflect the practices of purdah (Islamic modesty), while being adjusted and resisted to fit with the cultural practices of the organization, in what we call ‘selective appropriation of spatial modesty’. The article advances gender and organizational space scholarship by critically assessing Lefebvre's theory of space through the lenses of Islamic feminism and offers a cultural‐religious understanding of space theory.
Consumers' Expectations of Liking, Emotional, Conceptual and Sustainability Characteristics of Dairy, Plant‐Based and Sustainable Yoghurts
Authors: Jaeger S. R. , Chheang S. L. , Llobell F. , Cardello A. V.
Published: November 2024

An online survey of consumers' liking, emotional, conceptual and sustainability expectations in response to traditional, plant‐based (PB), and sustainable yoghurt product names was conducted with 1206 New Zealanders. Results showed that consumers' sensory expectations are associated with hedonic and non‐sensory expectations. Consumers' sensory, emotional, conceptual and sustainability ideations and the impact of these variables on expected liking parallel the findings from recent tests of tasted yoghurts. Per cognitive theories of predictive processing, the results support the hypothesis that judgments of sensory expectations may provide important insights into likely product perceptions. The results also support the notion that surveys of consumer product expectations can be a tool to obtain consumer insights about new products, including PB and sustainable alternatives. Since sensory expectations were associated with non‐sensory expectations, modifying the sensory attributes of PB or other innovative yoghurt products may enhance consumers' conceptualizations of these products and improve their market acceptance.
The evolving consumer IoT: A novel framework for marketing strategy based on assemblage theory
Authors: Hoffman Donna L. , Novak Thomas P.
Published: November 2024

The rapid adoption of generative AI powered by large language models like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Anthropic's Claude promises to disrupt innovation for the consumer Internet of Things (IoT). To understand potential consumer behaviors and marketing strategies, we use an assemblage theory framework to analyze the coevolution of consumer and marketer roles in shaping consumer IoT ecosystems like the smart home. Our framework investigates how different consumer‐ and marketer‐driven territorialization and deterritorialization strategies work to stabilize and destabilize the smart home assemblage. We contrast highly territorialized smart homes characterized by preprogrammed behaviors and clear boundaries, with highly deterritorialized DIY smart homes exhibiting unpredictable behaviors and fuzzy boundaries. Our analysis evaluates how consumers territorialize through habit formation, personalization, and sharing experiences, while marketers territorialize by emphasizing reliability, integration, and clear use cases. Consumers deterritorialize by modifying and hacking devices, and integrating nonstandard products, while marketers deterritorialize by disrupting compatibility or targeting new segments. We also integrate flow theory as an interpretive framework for understanding consumer motivations to territorialize and deterritorialize and argue that the oscillation between states of consumer anxiety and boredom create dynamic smart home identities. Our assemblage theory perspective permits a novel strategic framework that can be applied to anticipate consumer and marketer impacts on smart home evolution.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After Sustained Virological Response to Interferon‐Free and Interferon‐Based Hepatitis C Virus Treatment
Authors: Dirks Meike , Hennemann Ann‐Katrin , Grosse Gerrit M. , Beer Anika , Pflugrad Henning , Haag Kim , Schuppner Ramona , Deterding Katja , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner , Weissenborn Karin
Published: November 2024

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms like fatigue and cognitive impairment, independent of the liver status. The present study aims to assess changes in the pattern and extent of neuropsychological symptoms after successful treatment with interferon (IFN)‐based and IFN‐free therapy. HCV‐infected patients who underwent neuropsychological assessment in previous studies were invited to a follow‐up examination. Patients were grouped according to the treatment status: Sustained virological response (SVR) after IFN treatment (IFN SVR, n = 14) or after therapy with direct acting antivirals (DAA SVR, n = 28) or ongoing HCV infection (HCV RNA+, n = 11). A group of 33 healthy controls served as reference. Patients completed self‐report questionnaires addressing health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), mood and sleep quality and a neuropsychological test battery including tests of memory and attention (Luria's list of words, PSE test, cancelling “d” test, Word–Figure–Memory Test and computer‐based test battery for the assessment of attention [TAP]). At baseline, all three patient groups had worse fatigue, depression, anxiety and HRQoL scores compared to healthy controls. Longitudinal analysis revealed that fatigue and mood slightly improved in all patient groups over time, while HRQoL improved in SVR patients but not in HCV RNA+ patients. Memory test results improved significantly in all patient groups, irrespective of their virological status. In contrast, the attention test results showed no clear change from baseline to follow‐up. Our data can be considered as a hint that HCV eradication—independent of therapy regimen—does not substantially ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms in HCV‐afflicted patients.
Influence of captive breeding environment on the locomotor performance and metabolism of the threatened Alcatraz Snouted Treefrog, Ololygon alcatraz
Authors: Lisboa C. S. , de Carvalho J. E. , de Barros F. C. , da Cruz J. B. , Brasileiro C. A.
Published: November 2024

Ex situ conservation is a complementary strategy to in situ efforts and is vital for safeguarding endangered species through maintenance and breeding in captivity with potential for reintroductions into natural environments. However, it is crucial to recognize that prolonged captivity can lead to diminished abilities of organisms over generations. Factors linked to the impact of phenotypic plasticity during development, such as restricted movement, may affect organism performance during ex situ conservation efforts, potentially making reintroduction into the wild unfeasible. Consequently, it is imperative to analyze physiological differences between captive‐bred and wild individuals. Therefore, this study investigates how captivity influences locomotor performance, morphology, and metabolic capacities of adults and juveniles of the threatened treefrog Ololygon alcatraz, in comparison to natural populations. We obtained proportional measurements of individuals and assessed their locomotor performance through jumping exercise. We also measured the metabolic capacities of the frogs by examining the activity of enzymes involved in energetic metabolic pathways in their skeletal muscle fibers. We found that wild adult frogs had larger limbs, greater jumping abilities, and a more glycolytic profile, while captive adult frogs had smaller limbs and increased aerobic enzyme activity compared to their wild counterparts. These differences probably arise from phenotypic plasticity in ontogenetic development that differs between captive and natural environments, as juveniles do not show such differences. These results highlight the need for innovative strategies in managing captive O. alcatraz populations, which will aid in their successful translocation to the wild and strengthen ex situ conservation efforts.
Temporal relationships between the red fox and the European badger in a Mediterranean protected area
Authors: Oliveira R. , Lazzeri L. , Mouton R. , Gomez V. , Ferretti F.
Published: November 2024

Niche partitioning according to time, space, or resources is the key to interspecific coexistence. Interactions among carnivore species are complex: interference is common, although positive relationships may develop through trophic facilitation. In turn, different behavioral responses to coexistence may be reported, ranging from avoidance to attraction, the outcome of which is highly dependent on the local environmental context. Here, we evaluated the temporal partitioning by analyzing spatiotemporal relationships between the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the European badger Meles meles in a Mediterranean?protected area for three full years, using intensive camera trapping. The two species showed similar temporal activity patterns, with a nocturnal activity and peaks at dawn and dusk. We found a substantial temporal overlap between red fox and badger (Δ > 0.78, on a 0‐1 scale). However, we detected some differences in temporal activity patterns across these species and no evidence of interspecific spatiotemporal avoidance. Previous work provided no evidence supporting spatial avoidance among the study species. Our results suggest a role of temporal partitioning at a finer scale during the night to facilitate interspecific coexistence.
Mothers' and fathers' experiences of breastfeeding and returning to paid work after birth: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Ayton Jennifer , Pearson Sue , Graham Alison , Kitsos Gemma , Hansen Emily
Published: November 2024

This mixed‐method study explored the experiences of mothers and fathers combining breastfeeding with returning to paid employment after childbirth. Tasmanian State Service employees participated in an online survey and phone interviews. A total of 130 parents completed the survey, and 42 participated in 60‐min phone interviews. The survey had more female respondents (109) than male (21), and only 4 of the 42 interviews were with fathers. The sample consisted mainly of professional women (84%) and men (16%), predominantly Australian‐born (88%). Two‐thirds of participants worked part‐time (62%), taking either unpaid (52%) or paid leave (61%) within the first 12 months after birth. The majority (88%) preferred to breastfeed, with the mean age of the first formula feed being 4.1 months. A narrative analysis of the qualitative data, informed by work–family conflict theory, reveals that transitioning back to paid work while breastfeeding is challenging for both mothers and fathers. Parents face multiple conflicts between paid work, family responsibilities and maintaining breastfeeding. The emotional and physical demands of feeding, expressing, storing and transporting breast milk, combined with often inadequate workplace facilities, policies and gender discrimination, add to parental pressure. Mothers bear the greatest burden, while fathers’ roles and needs are often overlooked in the workplace. The major finding of this study is that breastfeeding is insufficiently recognised as an integral part of the return‐to‐work process for both parents, generating a form of work–family breastfeeding conflict, where work (part‐time or full‐time) interferes with family responsibilities and breastfeeding. Family‐friendly breastfeeding policies based on equity principles are needed to address workplace gender inequality and discrimination and better support parents in combining work and breastfeeding.
Evolution of Size‐Fecundity Relationship in Medaka Fish From Different Latitudes
Authors: Fujimoto Shingo , Sumarto Bayu K. A. , Murase Iki , Mokodongan Daniel F. , Myosho Taijun , Yagi Mitsuharu , Ansai Satoshi , Kitano Jun , Takeda Satoshi , Yamahira Kazunori
Published: November 2024

In most fishes, the number of offspring increases with maternal body size. Although this size‐fecundity relationship often varies among species as a result of the coevolution of life‐history traits, the genetic basis of such size‐fecundity relationships remains unclear. We explored the genetic basis underlying this size‐fecundity relationship in two small medaka species, Oryzias latipes and O. sakaizumii. Our findings showed that O. sakaizumii has a higher fecundity than O. latipes, and quantitative trait locus analysis using interspecific F2 hybrids showed that chromosome 23 is linked to the size‐fecundity relationship. In particular, the genes igf1 and lep‐b in this region are known to be associated with life‐history traits, including somatic growth, gonad maturation, and progeny numbers in various taxa. Because O. sakaizumii is distributed at higher latitudes and has a shorter spawning season than O. latipes in the wild, we propose that the relatively high fecundity observed in O. sakaizumii is an adaptation to high latitudes. We also discuss the potential ecological ramifications associated with the evolution of increased fecundity in this species.
Non‐pharmacological interventions to support the cognitive rehabilitation of patients admitted to the intensive care unit: An umbrella review
Authors: Holm Anna , Thorn Linette , Alrø Anette Bjerregaard , Nedergaard Helene Korvenius , Jensen Hanne Irene , Dreyer Pia
Published: November 2024

Background

Critically ill patients experience cognitive impairment throughout their intensive care unit trajectory, in the acute phase and the long‐term alike. Cognitive impairment may negatively impact patients' quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes.

Aim

To provide an overall examination of literature concerning non‐pharmacological interventions that can enhance cognitive functioning in critically ill patients or facilitate their rehabilitation pathway during and after their intensive care unit stay.

Study Design

This study was conducted as an umbrella review. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and PsychINFO, including all types of peer‐reviewed research syntheses published between 2008 and 2023. Eligible studies had to describe interventions capable of improving adult patients' cognitive functioning or supporting their cognitive rehabilitation process throughout the intensive care unit trajectory. All eligible research syntheses were screened systematically; those included were critically appraised.

Result

Based on 13 research syntheses, this review summarizes rehabilitative interventions that may be delivered during different phases of critical illness and recovery, in relation to content, delivery and timing. Interventions were: (1) cognitive activities and training, (2) mobilization and physical exercises, (3) emotional, psychological and social support and (4) information.

Conclusion

Due to limited evidence, no definitive conclusion can be drawn about which type of intervention is most supportive or effective. Additionally, no recommendations can be made about the optimal timing for intervention delivery.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Clinicians involved in developing and implementing cognitive rehabilitation measures should consider designing individualized, multicomponent interventions with a focus on content, delivery and timing.
Asymmetric genome merging leads to gene expression novelty through nucleo‐cytoplasmic disruptions and transcriptomic shock in Chlamydomonas triploids
Authors: Prost‐Boxoen Lucas , Bafort Quinten , Van de Vloet Antoine , Almeida‐Silva Fabricio , Paing Yunn Thet , Casteleyn Griet , D'hondt Sofie , De Clerck Olivier , Van de Peer Yves
Published: November 2024

Genome merging is a common phenomenon causing a wide range of consequences on phenotype, adaptation, and gene expression, yet its broader implications are not well‐understood. Two consequences of genome merging on gene expression remain particularly poorly understood: dosage effects and evolution of expression.

We employed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model to investigate the effects of asymmetric genome merging by crossing a diploid with a haploid strain to create a novel triploid line. Five independent clonal lineages derived from this triploid line were evolved for 425 asexual generations in a laboratory natural selection experiment.

Utilizing fitness assays, flow cytometry, and RNA‐Seq, we assessed the immediate consequences of genome merging and subsequent evolution. Our findings reveal substantial alterations in genome size, gene expression, protein homeostasis, and cytonuclear stoichiometry. Gene expression exhibited expression‐level dominance and transgressivity (i.e. expression level higher or lower than either parent). Ongoing expression‐level dominance and a pattern of ‘functional dominance’ from the haploid parent was observed.

Despite major genomic and nucleo‐cytoplasmic disruptions, enhanced fitness was detected in the triploid strain. By comparing gene expression across generations, our results indicate that proteostasis restoration is a critical component of rapid adaptation following genome merging in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and possibly other systems.
Role of Nasopharyngeal Airway in Management of Craniofacial Syndrome‐Associated Upper Airway Obstruction in Children
Authors: Thambar Samara , Wong Matthew D. , Schilling Sandra , Kapur Nitin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) management in children, particularly those with associated anatomical mid‐face structural differences, poses a significant challenge. This study describes using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) in managing infants with severe upper airway obstruction.

Methods

Infants discharged home from Queensland Children's Hospital with an NPA in situ for the management of upper airway obstruction were retrospectively evaluated for clinical and demographic parameters, underlying diagnoses and respiratory support, including NPA insertion details and comorbidities.

Results

Sixty‐seven children (24 male) were included with a median age at NPA insertion of 24 (IQR 7‐59) days and a median duration of NPA use of 229.1 (IQR 151.50‐297.75) days. Fifty‐two (77.6%) had Pierre Robin sequence. Other diagnoses included CHARGE syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Stickler syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Bohring–Opitz syndrome, isolated cleft palate, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Chromosome 3 deletion and VACTERL association. Four infants required tracheostomy, and no complications related to NPA use were reported. Those with oximetry and polysomnography data showed improving indices following NPA insertion [pre NPA median (IQR) SpO2: 95.9% (94.73–97.73), AHI: 51.40 (44.50‐69.45), OAHI 65.9 (56.45‐73.35) and TcCO2 (mmHg) 65.70 (61.95‐67.30) vs. post‐NPA median (IQR) SpO2: 97.1% (96.19–97.9), AHI: 12.20 (11.25‐24.35), OAHI 10.20 (6.12‐5.62) and TcCO2 (mmHg) 52.40 (47.90‐58.40)].

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the effectiveness and safety of NPA as a noninvasive management option for severe upper airway obstruction in children, particularly in those with anatomical midface structural differences. Further research and larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimise management strategies for these patients.
Negative density dependence promotes persistence of a globally rare yet locally abundant plant species Oenothera coloradensis
Authors: Stears Alice E. , Heidel Bonnie , Paniw Maria , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Laughlin Daniel C.
Published: November 2024

Identifying the mechanisms underlying the persistence of rare species has long been a motivating question for ecologists. Classical theory implies that community dynamics should be driven by common species, and that natural selection should not allow small populations of rare species to persist. Yet, a majority of the species found on Earth are rare. Consequently, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain their persistence, including negative density dependence, demographic compensation, vital rate buffering, asynchronous responses of subpopulations to environmental heterogeneity, and fine‐scale source‐sink dynamics. Persistence of seeds in a seed bank, which is often ignored in models of population dynamics, can also buffer small populations against collapse. We used integral projection models (IPMs) to examine the population dynamics of Oenothera coloradensis, a rare, monocarpic perennial forb, and determine whether any of five proposed demographic mechanisms for rare species persistence contribute to the long‐term viability of two populations. We also evaluate how including a discrete seed bank stage changes these population models. Including a seed bank stage in population models had a significantly increased modeled O. coloradensis population growth rate. Using this structured population model, we found that negative density‐dependence was the only supported mechanism for the persistence of this rare species. We propose that high micro‐site abundances within a spatially heterogeneous environment enables this species to persist, allowing it to sidestep the demographic and genetic challenges of small population size that rare species typically face. The five mechanisms of persistence explored in our study have been demonstrated as effective strategies in other species, and the fact that only one of them had strong support here supports the idea that globally rare species can employ distinct persistence strategies. This reinforces the need for customized management and conservation strategies that mirror the diversity of mechanisms that allow rare species persistence.
De Se Modal Illusions
Authors: Weber Clas
Published: November 2024

Research on personal identity often relies on imaginary cases and tends to theorize about our nature from the first‐person perspective. In this paper, I argue that a problem arises when we combine the two methods and assess imaginary cases from the first‐person perspective. The problem is that the link between de se imagination and modality is broken. De se imagination regularly gives rise to de se modal illusions. De se modal illusions come in two varieties: there are de se illusions of possibility and de se illusions of impossibility. I present a systematic account of the two types of illusion. I further make the case that the proposed account is compatible with maintaining a general link between imaginability and possibility. I apply the account to two concrete cases and use it to undercut the motivation behind a central theory of personal ontology, Dualism, and a central account of personal persistence, Lockeanism.
A Computer Vision‐Based Methodology to Estimate Fruit Colour Diversity in Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum spp.)
Authors: Santos Marcos Bruno da Costa , Melo Raylson de Sá , Sousa Victor Eduardo de Carvalho , Medeiros Artur Mendes , Pessoa Angela Maria dos Santos , Silva Silvokleio da Costa , do Nascimento Antonia Maiara Marques , Barroso Priscila Alves
Published: November 2024

Fruit colour diversity within different ripening stages confers ornamental value for pepper plants. Using images can be helpful in analysing the fruit colour‐related genetic diversity and enable selecting accessions for ornamental purposes by avoiding subjectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic diversity among accessions of ornamental pepper using image processing techniques to identify fruit colours. Photos from 40 fruits from each of 12 accessions were captured by a camera from a smartphone. Separate channels and colour indices were extracted from the images to analyse the accessions using both dendrogram and principal components analysis. Dendrogram analysis allowed separating accessions with predominance of dark fruits from those whose fruits showed lighter and more vivid colours, with a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.811. The VARI and NGRDI vegetation indices were efficient in discriminating fruits with a predominance of green colour, and the BGI could be used to discriminate accessions with predominantly reddish‐brown fruits. The proposed method can be used in small‐scale breeding programs for accurately assessing the development of varieties regarding their fruit colour diversity.
Hyperkeratosis in Skin Dimples in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Giraldi Susana , Werner Betina , Pasa Morgan Mariana Aparecida , Torrelo Antonio
Published: November 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is a common chromosomal disorder with distinct phenotypes and skin markers. This study reports 39 DS patients, aged 1–44  months, who presented from birth with rough, brownish skin in the dimples of their knees and/or elbows. Dermoscopy revealed hyperkeratosis with brownish scales, and biopsies in six cases showed papillomatosis and mild hyperkeratosis. In the cases followed, the condition resolved spontaneously. Hyperkeratosis in the skin dimples on the knees and elbows seems to be a congenital and perhaps characteristic finding in patients with DS.
Identification of novel inhibitors of plant GH3 IAA‐amido synthetases through molecular docking studies
Authors: Luque Adrián , Blanes‐Mira Clara , Caballero Lara , Martínez‐Melgarejo Purificación Andrea , Nicolás‐Albujer Miriam , Pérez‐Alfocea Francisco , Fernández‐Ballester Gregorio , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel
Published: November 2024

Auxins play a critical role in several plant developmental processes and their endogenous levels are regulated at multiple levels. The enzymes of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) protein family catalyze the conjugation of amino acids to indoleacetic acid (IAA), the major endogenous auxin. The GH3 proteins are encoded by multiple redundant genes in plant genomes, making it difficult to perform functional genetic studies to understand their role in auxin homeostasis. To address these challenges, we used a chemical approach that exploits the reaction mechanism of GH3 proteins to identify small molecule inhibitors of their activity from a defined chemical library. The study evaluated receptor‐ligand complexes based on their binding energy and classified them accordingly. Docking algorithms were used to correct any deviations, resulting in a list of the most important inhibitory compounds for selected GH3 enzymes based on a normalized sum of energy. The study presents atomic details of protein‐ligand interactions and quantifies the effect of several of the identified small molecule inhibitors on auxin‐mediated root growth processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The direct effect of these compounds on endogenous auxin levels was measured using appropriate auxin sensors and endogenous hormone measurements. Our study has identified novel compounds of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that are effective inhibitors of GH3 enzyme‐mediated IAA conjugation. These compounds play a versatile role in hormone‐regulated plant development and have potential applications in both basic research and agriculture.
Patterns of adaptation to stress cardiovascular responses in smokers during ad libitum smoking and withdrawal
Authors: Keogh Tracey M , Howard Siobhán , Nakajima Motohiro , al'Absi Mustafa
Published: November 2024

There is considerable evidence documenting associations between tobacco smoking, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of addiction, with diminished cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. However, less is known about how smokers respond to repeated stress across time. The current study examined patterns of cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent stress among 24‐h abstinence smokers, smokers who continued to smoke at their normal rate, and non‐smokers. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two groups; ad libitum (n = 42), or 24 h abstinence (n = 61); non‐smokers (n = 43) provided comparative referencing. Across the two laboratory sessions, participants (n = 149) were asked to complete a modified version of the trier social stress test, while monitoring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate activity. Results showed that while non‐smokers had elevated cardiovascular reactivity to begin with, they showed a greater capacity to habituate to recurrent stress across sessions. The data also suggest that smokers displayed lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress and showed little habituation to repeated stress. In adjusted models, smokers exhibited less systolic blood pressure habituation to stress. This response profile in smokers may be a potential mechanism that leads to further cardiotoxic effects on health.
Water Quality Impact on Fish Behavior: A Review From an Aquaculture Perspective
Authors: Zhang Kaisheng , Ye Zhangying , Qi Ming , Cai Wenlong , Saraiva João L. , Wen Yanci , Liu Gang , Zhu Ze , Zhu Songming , Zhao Jian
Published: November 2024

Changes in water quality significantly shape fish behavior, a crucial index reflecting the growth and welfare status of fish. Given the centrality of this relationship to aquaculture practices, a comprehensive understanding of how water quality dynamics influence fish behavior is imperative. While there have been some summaries of the effects of water quality parameters on fish physiology and growth, few reviews on their effects on fish behavior have been reported yet. This article reviews several water quality parameters which are of great concern in aquaculture from multiple facets of actual production, including physical parameters (water temperature and turbidity), chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and inorganic nitrogen), and chemical pollutants (microplastics and crude oil), which have gained increasing attention from the researchers and aquaculture practitioners over the past decades. Variations in these water quality parameters can exert profound effects on fish physiology, metabolism, internal tissues and organs, and sensory perception, which influences fish behaviors such as swimming, schooling, feeding, predation, anti‐predation, aggression, courtship, as well as adaptive and stress‐related behaviors such as exploration, avoidance response, and anxiety‐like behavior. By synthesizing the behavioral changes caused by specific water quality parameters, this review aims to provide strong support for further water quality‐related research, thereby fostering environments conducive to both fish welfare and aquaculture productivity.
A preliminary phylogeny of Malachiinae (Coleoptera, Malachiidae): From multiple genes to whole genomics
Authors: Zhao Junxia , Tong Junbo , Liu Haoyu , Yang Yuxia
Published: November 2024

Malachiinae (Coleoptera: Malachiidae), commonly known as true soft‐winged flower beetles, are widely distributed across the globe except New Zealand. It is the largest subfamily of Cleroidea (over 3000 species) and is currently divided into seven tribes, among which the relationships are hard to assess due to their bizarre morphological modifications in males. Although a few molecular phylogenetics were attempted, they were all constructed on basis of four or five short nucleotide fragments, which may not contain enough phylogenetic information, thereby resulting in unclear relationships. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes within Malachiinae, low‐coverage whole genomes of 26 species from the superfamily Cleroidea were sequenced and analysed, including 22 species of Malachiinae. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), nuclear genes (18S, 28S rRNA) and universal single‐copy orthologs (USCOs) were obtained as molecular markers from low‐coverage sequencing data. A total of 24 complete or nearly complete mitochondrial genomes of Malachiidae species were annotated and analysed. Further combined the newly sequenced data and those available in the public database, four different data matrices were analysed by different methods to reconstruct the phylogeny of Malachiinae. The results indicated that these phylogenetic analyses produced consistent topologies, and the phylogenetic relationships within Malachiinae were recovered as (Illopini + (Troglopini + (Colotini + Apalochrini))) + (Ebaeini + (Attalini + Malachiini)).
Exercise training to preserve vitality capacity in ageing
Authors: Jones Raymond , Taylor Taylor L. , Mankowski Robert T. , Dodds Fitzgerald , Hankes Michael , Hobson Joanna , Lin Yi , Saffold Keith , Sint Jago Silvienne C. , Tharpe McKenna A. , Zumbro Emily L. , Thalacker‐Mercer Anna , Buford Thomas W.
Published: November 2024

Ageing is an escalating global health issue, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting that one in six individuals will be 60 years or older by the year 2030. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of complex biological ageing processes and associated healthcare challenges has become increasingly important. Intrinsic capacity (IC), defined by WHO as the composite of all physical and mental capacities an individual possesses, can be used as a proxy for defining healthy ageing. IC has five key components: locomotion, cognition, psychological, sensory, and vitality capacity (VC). This review paper specifically focuses on exercise as an effective tool to preserve VC in ageing populations. The physiological domains of VC discussed include energy and metabolism, neuromuscular function, immune and stress response, mitochondrial function, and the methylation clock. Additionally, we highlight potential outcome measures for assessing each of these domains. This review also covers areas of focus for future research and possible interventions. We ultimately conclude that ageing is a complex, multifaceted process resulting in deficits across multiple VC components. However, regular exercise is capable of producing physiological adaptations that may be beneficial in the context of healthy ageing and improving or preserving the status of VC components.
Sentidos de la escuela en una comunidad escolar rural chilena
Authors: Acuña-Ruz Felipe , Concha Soledad , Galioto Carmelo , Vilches-Vilches Matías
Published: November 2024

Los convulsos tiempos actuales invitan a reflexionar sobre el sentido que tiene la escuela para quienes asisten a ella. Considerando la noción de sentido como una de carácter polisémico, inclusivo y pre-teórico, se interroga a estudiantes, familias, docentes y directivos/as de una comunidad escolar rural en Chile por los sentidos que atribuyen a la escuela. Basado en el enfoque de estudio de caso y utilizando entrevistas semi-estructuradas, grupos focales y cuadernos de escritura libre, se reporta un mapa de sentido por actoría, destacando la tensión analítica entre sentidos sociohistóricos y sentidos personales. Se identifica, analiza e interpreta la tecnificación del aprendizaje como un sentido sociohistórico hegemónico que está produciendo malestar en el profesorado y equipo directivo. Junto con ello, se identifican dos sentidos personales que no logran proyectarse como sentidos sociohistóricos: contar con una pedagogía vital y que en la escuela prime una experiencia de cuidado. Concluimos el trabajo con una discusión que releva el potencial teórico e investigativo de la pregunta por el sentido de la escuela.
A Novel Computationally Efficient Numerical Model for Thermal Behavior Prediction of an Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Incorporated With Phase Change Materials: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Nokhosteen Arman , Sobhansarbandi Sarvenaz
Published: November 2024

Phase change materials have been applied as a viable solution for augmenting the thermal behavior of various solar thermal systems, including heat pipe evacuated tube solar collectors. Due to complex heat transfer processes that need to be resolved, performing numerical simulations on these devices is computationally intensive. In this study, a novel hybrid method is introduced where a snapshot based proper orthogonal decomposition method is utilized to develop a reduced order model of the collector/phase change material assembly. The model allows for prediction of the collector’s thermal behavior during day/night time operation, in addition to highlighting the benefits of utilizing phase change materials compared to regular collector, working under similar operating conditions. An enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann method is utilized for obtaining the snapshot data needed for constructing the reduced order model. The novelties of this hybrid method include reduced computation time, by several orders of magnitude, compared to direct numerical simulation methods and a significant reduction in dependency on meteorological and weather data. Finally, two case studies are considered to examine the accuracy of the model and it’s subsequent industrial applications are discussed.
Exploring How the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted the Coach–Athlete Relationship for Travel Sport Coaches: A Qualitative Study
Authors: McShan Keith , Moore E. Whitney G.
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining the quality of the coach–athlete relationship (CAR) became a significant challenge for travel sport coaches. The first aim of this study was to explore the coaches’ perceptions of how the CAR’s characteristics (i.e., closeness, commitment, and complementarity) were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The second aim was to explore the differences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in CAR quality from the coaches’ perspective. Fourteen travel/club coaches from Ontario took part in 90-min semistructured interviews. Generally, coaches believed that their closeness was maintained, commitment levels improved, and complementarity decreased within their CAR. Past relationships between the coach and athletes helped to maintain their closeness. The resiliency of athletes was thought to aid in the increased commitment. Lack of face-to-face interactions hampered complementarity. Three themes—barriers, variability, and benefits—emerged as differences within the CAR during the pandemic. Recommendations from this study are that coaches focus on the characteristic of complementarity to enhance their CAR quality following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigation of a Theoretical Model for the Rotational Shot Put Technique
Authors: Kato Tadahiko , Maeda Kei , Mizushima Jun , Maeda Akira
Published: November 2024

The biomechanics of the rotational shot put technique have been demonstrated. However, the causal relationships among kinematics and kinetics for achieving higher release velocity remain poorly understood. This study investigated these causal relationships among biomechanical variables for achieving a higher release velocity in the rotational shot put technique. The study included 22 male shot putters whose 3-dimensional motion was captured during official competitions. Key kinematic and kinetic variables throughout the shot put motion were calculated, as suggested by previous studies. Path analysis was used to explore a hierarchical model that postulates both direct and indirect effects among variables. The findings revealed that the impulse of the shot, system angular momentum, and system linear momentum were critical kinetic variables contributing directly to release velocity. Additionally, 8 kinematic variables significantly affected the impulse of the shot, including shoulder rotation, shot path length, and trunk tilt, while movements such as swings and extensions of the lower extremities were related to system momentum. This model not only provides a detailed understanding of the mechanics involved in the rotational technique but also informs technical coaching strategies in the shot put.
Synaptic-like plasticity in 2D nanofluidic memristor from competitive bicationic transport
Authors: Noh Yechan , Smolyanitsky Alex
Published: November 2024

Synaptic plasticity, the dynamic tuning of signal transmission strength between neurons, serves as a fundamental basis for memory and learning in biological organisms. This adaptive nature of synapses is considered one of the key features contributing to the superior energy efficiency of the brain. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate synaptic-like plasticity in a subnanoporous two-dimensional membrane. We show that a train of voltage spikes dynamically modifies the membrane’s ionic permeability in a process involving competitive bicationic transport. This process is shown to be repeatable after a given resting period. Because of a combination of subnanometer pore size and the atomic thinness of the membrane, this system exhibits energy dissipation of 0.1 to 100 aJ per voltage spike, which is several orders of magnitude lower than 0.1 to 10 fJ per spike in the human synapse. We reveal the underlying physical mechanisms at molecular detail and investigate the local energetics underlying this apparent synaptic-like behavior.
Integrative multiomic analysis identifies distinct molecular subtypes of NAFLD in a Chinese population
Authors: Ding Jingjing , Liu Huaizheng , Zhang Xiaoxun , Zhao Nan , Peng Ying , Shi Junping , Chen Jinjun , Chi Xiaoling , Li Ling , Zhang Mengni , Liu Wen-Yue , Zhang Liangjun , Ouyang Jiafeng , Yuan Qian , Liao Min , Tan Ya , Li Mingqiao , Xu Ziqian , Tang Wan , Xie Chuanming , Li Yi , Pan Qiong , Xu Ying , Cai Shi-Ying , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Ouyang Xinshou , Zhang Liqun , Jiang Zhongyong , Zheng Ming-Hua , Sun Fengjun , Chai Jin
Published: November 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common health care burden worldwide. The high heterogeneity of NAFLD remains elusive and impairs outcomes of clinical diagnosis and pharmacotherapy. Several NAFLD classifications have been proposed on the basis of clinical, genetic, alcoholic, or serum metabolic analyses. Yet, accurately predicting the progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients remains a challenge. Here, on the basis of a Chinese cohort of patients, we classified NAFLD into three distinct molecular subtypes (NAFLD-mSI, NAFLD-mSII, and NAFLD-mSIII) using integrative multiomics including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), proteomics, phosphoproteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics across a broad range of liver, blood, and urine specimens. We found that NAFLD-mSI had higher expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which alleviate hepatic steatosis through mediating free fatty acid/bile acid–mTOR–FXR/PPARα signaling. NAFLD-mSII displayed an elevated risk of liver cirrhosis along with increased hepatic infiltration of M1 and M2 macrophages because of lipid-triggered hepatic CCL2 and CRP production. NAFLD-mSIII exhibited a potential risk for HCC development by increased transcription of CEBPB- and ERCC3-regulated oncogenes because of activation of the EGF-EGFR/CHKA/PI3K-PDK1-AKT cascade. Next, we validated the existence of these three NAFLD molecular subtypes in an external cohort comprising 92 patients with NAFLD across three different Chinese hospitals. These findings may aid in understanding the molecular features underlying NAFLD heterogeneity, thereby facilitating clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies with the aim of preventing the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC.
Nociceptor-to-macrophage communication through CGRP/RAMP1 signaling drives endometriosis-associated pain and lesion growth in mice
Authors: Fattori Victor , Zaninelli Tiago H. , Rasquel-Oliveira Fernanda S. , Heintz Olivia K. , Jain Ashish , Sun Liang , Seshan Maya L. , Peterse Daniëlle , Lindholm Anne E. , Anchan Raymond M. , Verri Waldiceu A. , Rogers Michael S.
Published: November 2024

Endometriosis is a debilitating and painful gynecological inflammatory disease affecting up to 15% of women and transgender men. Current treatments are ineffective for a substantial proportion of patients, underscoring the need for additional therapies with long-term benefits. Nociceptors release neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), which are known to shape immunity through neuroimmune communication. Given the comorbidity between endometriosis and migraine and the integral role of immune cells and inflammation in endometriosis, we investigated the role of CGRP-mediated neuroimmune communication in endometriosis. Using samples from eight patients with endometriosis and a nonsurgical mouse model of the disease, we found that mouse and human endometriosis lesions contain both CGRP and its coreceptor, receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). In mice, nociceptor ablation reduced pain, monocyte recruitment, and lesion size, suggesting that nociceptor activation and neuropeptide release contribute to endometriosis lesion growth and pain. Mechanistically, CGRP changed the phenotype of macrophages to a pro-endometriosis phenotype. CGRP-stimulated macrophages demonstrated impaired efferocytosis and supported increased endometrial cell growth in a RAMP1-dependent manner. Treatment of lesion-bearing mice with US Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs that block CGRP-RAMP1 signaling reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and lesion size. Together, our data demonstrated the effectiveness and underlying cellular mechanisms of nonhormonal and nonopioid CGRP/RAMP1 blockade in a mouse model of endometriosis, suggesting that targeting this axis may lead to clinical benefit for patients with endometriosis.
Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN and GPF kits for direct identification and antimicrobial resistance prediction from blood culture bottles
Authors: Ng Sally , Tan Chai Yuin , Yah Jing Yan , Osman Nur A'tikah Binte , Chew Ka Lip
Published: November 2024

Rapid multiplex PCR kits have been used for rapid identification of blood culture isolates and prediction of antimicrobial resistance. We performed an evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN and GPF research use only (RUO) kits on positive blood culture bottles using routine laboratory testing as the reference standard. Positive blood culture bottles between November 2023 and January 2024 were tested with QIAstat-Dx BCID GN and GPF kits based on initial Gram stain results and compared against routine identification and phenotypic susceptibility testing. A total of 174 monomicrobial blood cultures were included in the final analysis. The 174 monomicrobial blood cultures composed of 129 BCID GN tests and 45 BCID GPF tests. The majority of on-target Gram-negative organisms in monomicrobial cultures were identified. One
Escherichia coli
isolate was not identified as such, although the pan-Enterobacterales target was positive. All on-target Gram-positive organisms in monomicrobial cultures were identified. Overall sensitivity and specificity of
tem/shv
for detection of aminopenicillin resistance in
E. coli
was 94.7% (18/19) and 95.8% (23/24). The presence/absence of
ctx-m
and
ampC
had 100% sensitivity and specificity for identification of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in
E. coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. The combination of
blaZ
and
mecA
gene detection was fully predictive of phenotypic susceptibility results to penicillin and cloxacillin for
Staphylococcus aureus
. Overall, the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN and GPF kits were able to identify on-target pathogens. Detected resistance mechanisms were highly predictive of β-lactam resistance. Prediction of resistance for non-β-lactam antimicrobial was more variable.

IMPORTANCE

This is one of the first evaluations of the QIAstat BCID kit and demonstrates high levels of correlation for both identification and antimicrobial resistance prediction.