bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid absolute sizing of deeply subwavelength dielectric nanoparticles by confocal scanning optical microscopy
Authors: Sahoo Swetapadma , Azzouz Hana , Bogdanov Simeon I.
Published: June 2021

Accurate sizing of individual nanoparticles is crucial for the understanding of their physical and chemical properties and for their use in nanoscale devices. Optical sizing methods are non-invasive, rapid, and versatile. However, the low optical response of weakly absorbing subwavelength dielectric nanoparticles poses a fundamental challenge for their optical metrology. We demonstrate scalable optical sizing of such nanoparticles based on confocal scanning microscopy. The method is absolutely calibrated by correlating the optical signatures in the scattered pump laser signal to the ground truth nanoparticle sizes measured by an atomic force microscope. Using an air objective with a numerical aperture of 0.9, we measured the sizes of nanodiamond particles ranging from 35 to 175 nm, with an average error of ± 12.7 nm compared to the ground truth sizes. This technique paves the way for the metrology of a wide range of weakly scattering nano-objects for applications in biomedicine, catalysis, nanotechnology, and quantum optics.
Munching microbes: diet–microbiome interactions shape gut health and cancer outcomes
Authors: Todd Emma , Elnour Reem , Simpson Rebecca , Castaneda Miguel , Shanahan Erin R
Published: June 2021

The gut microbiome describes the complex community of microorganisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbes in the large bowel utilise both dietary-derived nutrients, such as host-indigestible carbohydrates (fibre) and excess protein, host-derived nutrients (intestinal mucin), and also interact with the by-products of digestion such as bile acids. They transform these compounds into a series of metabolites that can profoundly shape host physiology both locally and systemically. These metabolites can fundamentally alter host outcomes, promoting either gut health, or sub-optimal conditions in the gut that contribute to poor health, including increased risk of cancer. The microbiome of an individual has also been shown to impact response to cancer treatment strategies, including both treatment efficacy and side-effects in the gut and more systemically. This makes the microbiome a powerful potential tool for therapeutic purposes, once we overcome the challenges associated with individual variation in microbial community composition. As the gut microbial ecosystem is primarily altered by nutrient availability, diet therefore represents an important asset in therapeutically altering the gut microbiome.
Physical theory of biological noise buffering by multicomponent phase separation
Authors: Deviri Dan , Safran Samuel A.
Published: June 2021

Significance

The stochastic nature of transcription/translation implies that the concentrations of cellular proteins are “noisy” and not constant in time or across cell populations. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) can reduce or “buffer” this noise by maintaining well-defined concentrations, even in the presence of concentration distributions. However, this idea was recently challenged experimentally in multicomponent systems. Our physical theory of LLPS in ternary systems (solutes

ϕ

and

ψ

in a solvent) predicts their LLPS properties as a function of the

ϕ

–

ϕ

(homotypic) and

ϕ

–

ψ

(heterotypic) interaction strengths. We show how buffering can be effective if the noise distribution aligns with the tie-lines of the phase diagram and suggest that evolution may optimize concentration buffering by selecting appropriate mutations.
Proteomic analysis identifies the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of Wnt5a-Ror signaling
Authors: Konopelski Snavely Sara E. , Susman Michael W. , Kunz Ryan C. , Tan Jia , Srinivasan Srisathya , Cohen Michael D. , Okada Kyoko , Lamb Helen , Choi Shannon S. , Karuna Edith P. , Scales Michael K. , Gygi Steven P. , Greenberg Michael Eldon , Ho Hsin-Yi Henry
Published: June 2021

Significance

Wnt5a-Ror signaling is a master regulator of tissue shape, and dysfunction of the pathway contributes to congenital birth defects and cancer metastasis. The molecular underpinnings of this pathway, however, remain unclear. To identify subcellular protein changes driven by Wnt5a-Ror signaling, we conducted a large-scale proteomic screen and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a downstream target. Wnt5a-Ror signaling initially induces Pdzrn3 phosphorylation, which subsequently triggers the ubiquitin-proteasome–dependent degradation of Pdzrn3. Importantly, Wnt5a-Ror signaling uses this phospho-degradation process to regulate cell migration. From these findings, we further developed a flow cytometry-based reporter to monitor Pdzrn3 abundance and delineated the signaling cascade regulating Pdzrn3 stability. Collectively, our study establishes Pdzrn3 phosphorylation and degradation as a key component of Wnt5a-Ror signaling.
What sugar does to your pores
Authors: Kohler Jennifer J.
Published: June 2021

FG-repeat nucleoporins at the center of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are highly modified with O-GlcNAc. In this issue, Yoo and Mitchison (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010141) use optogenetic probes to show that O-GlcNAc enhances permeability of the NPC, accelerating transport in both directions.
Non-Rayleigh photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light
Authors: Wei Chao-Qi , Liu Jian-Bin , Zhang Xue-Xing , Zhuang Rui , Zhou Yu , Chen Hui , He Yu-Chen , Zheng Huai-Bin , Xu Zhuo
Published: June 2021

Superbunching pseudothermal light has important applications in studying the second- and higher-order interference of light in quantum optics. Unlike the photon statistics of thermal or pseudothermal light is well understood, the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light has not been studied yet. In this paper, we will employ single-photon detectors to measure the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light and calculate the degree of second-order coherence. It is found that the larger the value of the degree of second-order coherence of superbunching pseudothermal light is, the more the measured photon distribution deviates from the one of thermal or pseudothermal light in the tail part. The results are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon superbunching with classical light. It is suggested that superbunching pseudothermal light can be employed to generate non-Rayleigh temporal speckles.
Ab initio study of dynamical properties of U–Nb alloy melt*
Authors: Shi Yong-Peng , Liu Ming-Feng , Chen Yun , Mo Wen-Lin , Li Dian-Zhong , Fa Tao , Bai Bin , Wang Xiao-Lin , Chen Xing-Qiu
Published: June 2021

The U–Nb alloy, as a kind of nuclear material with good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, plays an important role in the nuclear industry. However, the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of many parameters which are essential in describing the dynamical properties of this alloy melt, including density, diffusivity, and viscosity, have not been carried out yet. The lack of data on the dynamical properties of nuclear materials seriously hinders the high-performance nuclear materials from being developed and applied. In this work, the dynamical properties of the U–Nb alloy melt are systematically studied by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and their corresponding mathematical models are established, thereby being able to rapidly calculate the densities, diffusion coefficients, viscosities, and their activation energies in the whole U–Nb liquid region. This work provides a new idea for investigating the dynamical properties of binary alloy melts, thereby promoting the development of melt research.
Quantum metrology with coherent superposition of two different coded channels*
Authors: Xie Dong , Xu Chunling , Wang Anmin
Published: June 2021

We investigate the advantage of coherent superposition of two different coded channels in quantum metrology. In a continuous variable system, we show that the Heisenberg limit 1/N can be beaten by the coherent superposition without the help of indefinite causal order. And in parameter estimation, we demonstrate that the strategy with the coherent superposition can perform better than the strategy with quantum switch which can generate indefinite causal order. We analytically obtain the general form of estimation precision in terms of the quantum Fisher information and further prove that the nonlinear Hamiltonian can improve the estimation precision and make the measurement uncertainty scale as 1/Nm
for m ≥ 2. Our results can help to construct a high-precision measurement equipment, which can be applied to the detection of coupling strength and the test of time dilation and the modification of the canonical commutation relation.
Ultrafast structural dynamics using time-resolved x-ray diffraction driven by relativistic laser pulses*
Authors: Zhu Chang-Qing , Tan Jun-Hao , He Yu-Hang , Wang Jin-Guang , Li Yi-Fei , Lu Xin , Li Ying-Jun , Chen Jie , Chen Li-Ming , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2021

Based on a femtosecond laser plasma-induced hard x-ray source with a high laser pulse energy (> 100 mJ) at 10 Hz repetition rate, we present a time-resolved x-ray diffraction system on an ultrafast time scale. The laser intensity is at relativistic regime (2 × 1019 W/cm2), which is essential for effectively generating Kα
source in high-Z metal material. The produced copper Kα
radiation yield reaches to 2.5 × 108 photons/sr/shot. The multilayer mirrors are optimized for monochromatizating and two-dimensional beam shaping of Kα
emission. Our experiment exhibits its ability of monitoring the transient structural changes in a thin film SrCoO2.5 crystal. It is demonstrated that this facility is a powerful tool to perform dynamic studies on samples and adaptable to the specific needs for different particular applications with high flexibility.
High efficiency ETM-free perovskite cell composed of CuSCN and increasing gradient CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Wang Tao , Xiao Gui-Jiang , Sun Ren , Luo Lin-Bao , Yi Mao-Xiang
Published: June 2021

To enhance device performance and reduce fabrication cost, a series of electron transporting material (ETM)-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is developed by TCAD Atlas. The accuracy of the physical mode of PSCs is verified, due to the simulations of PEDOT:PSS–CH3NH3PbI3–PCBM and CuSCN–CH3NH3PbI3–PCBM p–i–n PSCs showing a good agreement with experimental results. Different hole transporting materials (HTMs) are selected and directly combined with n-CH3NH3PbI3, and the CuSCN–CH3NH3PbI3 is the best in these ETM-free PSCs. To further study the CuSCN–CH3NH3PbI3 PSC, the influences of back electrode material, gradient band gap, thickness, doping concentration, and bulk defect density on the performance are investigated. Energy band and distribution of electric field are utilized to optimize the design. As a result, the efficiency of CuSCN–CH3NH3PbI3 PSC is achieved to be 26.64%. This study provides the guideline for designing and improving the performances of ETM-free PSCs.
Protection of entanglement between two V-atoms in a multi-cavity coupling system
Authors: Huang Wen-Jin , Fang Mao-Fa , Xu Xiong
Published: June 2021

The protection of the entanglement between two V-atoms (EBTVA) in a multi-cavity coupling system is studied. The whole system consists of two V-atoms. The two V-atoms are initially in the maximum entangled state and interacts locally with its own dissipative cavity which is coupled to the external cavities with high quality factor (ECWHQF). The results show that, when there is no ECWHQF, the EBTVA can be protected effectively in the case where the V-atom and the dissipative cavity are weak coupled in large detuning, while when there are different numbers n of ECWHQF coupled to two dissipative cavities, by adjusting the parameters of the number n of ECWHQF and the coupling strength k between cavities, the EBTVA can be protected perfectly and continuously. Our result provides an effective method for protecting entanglement resources of three-level system.
Entanglement of two distinguishable atoms in a rectangular waveguide: Linear approximation with single excitation*
Authors: Li Jing , Hu Lijuan , Lu Jing , Zhou Lan
Published: June 2021

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two distinguishable two-level systems (TLSs) characterized by energy difference δ located inside a rectangular hollow metallic waveguide of transverse dimensions a and b. The effects of energy difference δ and the inter-TLS distance on the time evolution of the concurrence of the TLSs are examined in the single excitation subspace when the energy separation of the TLS is far away from the cutoff frequencies of the transverse mode.
Effective adsorption of basic dye onto different carbon kinds prepared from date stones based on Taguchi design method, kinetic and thermodynamic
Authors: Wahoud A Y , Bamsaoud Salim F. , Almagdi S , Al-Haiqi M A
Published: June 2021

Different kinds of carbon (Raw date stone, baked date stone and activated carbon) were prepared and characterized as inexpensive, high surface area, large micropore volume and Effective adsorbents. Material characterization was done using XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The activated carbon (AC) possesses a surface area of 571 cm2.g−1. The micropore volume and total pore volume of AC were found to be 0.4785 cm3.g−1 and 0.7267 cm3.g−1 respectively. The effect of backing temperature and activation treatment on surface area and micropore volume were studied. Taguchi factorial design method was used to get the maximum MB dye adsorption onto the surface of AC sorbent. Contact time (60 min), initial dye concentration (10 mmol), adsorbent dosage (0.25g) and solution temperature (293°K) were found to be the best conditions for the more effective absorption process.
Estimating The Efficiency Of Phagocytic Neutrophil Cells And Studying Its Risk Factors Among Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Baras M H , Bin-Hameed E A
Published: June 2021

There are several factors that affect the efficiency of phagocytic activity in diabetic patients. In this study, a significant difference of phagocytosis efficiency showed in diabetic patients and controls (non-diabetic). The means of phagocytic activity were 43.05%, 52.70% and 71.35% for diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus patients and controls respectively. Age groups, mean blood glucose levels and controlling fasting blood glucose were significant factors effects on phagocytic activity (P-value = 0.022, 0.013 and 0.045) respectively. There was reverse significant correlation between the mean blood glucose and phagocytic activity (P-value = 0.049; r =-0.314). Wagner grade ulcers classified I and II were the most prevalent 30% for both in diabetic foot ulcer patients. And we found that there is a weak negative correlation between the phagocytic activity efficiency and the grades of the classified ulcers (r =-0.323). In this study, we revealed that the efficiency of phagocytic activity was affected by many factors. Level of blood glucose control was the most important factor.
Some Notes on Fuzzifying Bitopological Spaces
Authors: Binshahnah H M , Allam A A
Published: June 2021

The present paper, some well-known theorems have been improved, such as a proof of one theorem and the inverse direction of another theorem in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. We prove one theorem by use less conditions in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. Also, we prove the equivalent definition of semi open sets in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. Additionally, the equivalent definition of the closure operator in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space has been also proved. Finally, some supporting examples are provided.
The Existence and Uniqueness of Positive Solutions of an Ordinary Differential Equation with a Nonlocal Conditions
Authors: Bin-taher E O
Published: June 2021

Many researchers have studied problems with non-local conditions of the second-order differential equations. In this work we study the ordinary differential equation v″(t) + g(t, v(t)) = 0, t ∈ (0,1), with the nonlocal conditions v’(1) = 0, v(0) = Dαv(t)|t=1,α ∈ (0,1). First, we study the existence of at least one positive continuous solution under some assumptions on the function g. Then we discuss the uniqueness of solution by assume that there exist a constant k > 0 such that |g(t,v)-g(t,ῡ)| ≤ |v-ῡ|, ∀ t ∈ [0,1], ∀v, ῡ C[0,1] for this ordinary differential equation, a clarifying example was given as an application. The main idea in this paper is to study ordinary differential equations with a fractional order condition.
Determination of arsenic and cadmium as toxic metals in human blood samples collected from targeted people of Sana’a governorate
Authors: Al-Salmi H , Al-Douh M H , Al-Hmmadi K , Al-Alas A
Published: June 2021

This study was amid to assess Arsenic and Cadmium in whole blood in participate with occupational and environmental exposure to toxic metals. Metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES after digested by dry ashing in the microwave muffle for 99 samples collected at different stations and occupations in Sana’a, Yemen and applying biomonitoring human model BHM on the evaluation of metallic toxicity among a human population. From the results, it is noted that the range and average concentrations measured in ppb were 0.41-2.43 for Cadmium, 0.59-1.22 for Arsenic. It can be concluded that Cadmium contaminating blood samples. However, the possibility of Arsenic poisoning cases might be encountered in the future unless it would be avoided. The concentrations of Arsenic in some many categories lying within the normal ranges and slightly approaching the hazard limits. Interestingly, the hazard trend of metallic toxicity was increased in the order: Arsenic > Cadmium and that younger and junior workers of unsafe harder occupations.
In Vitro antibacterial activity of Yemeni medicinal plants (Ocimum basilicum and Peganum harmala) against some human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Bin-Masalam M S , Bakhlh A , Bashab A , Alsaiyli M
Published: June 2021

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ethanolic and water extracts ofOcimum basilicumandPeganum harmalacultivated in Yemen against some pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Kebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereusandStaphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the plant extracts have been determined using Agar well diffusion method. The activity was expressed as inhibition zone diameter (IZD). A significant difference was noticed in the antibacterial activities and in the values of MIC at a significant level of α = 0.05. The aqueous extract ofO. basilicumcaused the highest IZD (2.2± 0.28 cm) againstE. coliat 20%, whereas for alcoholic extract, the highest IZD (2.90 ± 1.27 cm) was achieved againstK. pneumoniaeat the same concentration. The increasing of aqueous and alcoholic extract concentration reduces the ability of the solvent to extract the active compounds from plants and weakens their inhibitory effect. The MIC values were varied depending on the source of extract, the type of bacteria and the type of solvent. In conclusion, the plant extracts used in this work could be of great value as natural antimicrobials. Further studies are needed to develop new alternative pharmacological possibilities for applications.
Weibull Regression and Stratified Cox Regression in Modelling Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Wulandari Ita , Kurnia Anang , Sadik Kusman
Published: June 2021

Survival analysis has three approaches, parametric, non-parametric, and semi-parametric. The parametric model requires the distribution of survival time to be known. Weibull regression is one of the most popular forms of parametric approaches with advantages in flexibility and simplicity of hazard functions and survival functions. Stratified Cox regression is a semi-parametric approach method that is rightly used when the proportional hazard assumption is violated. The comparison between Weibull regression and stratified Cox regression was applied in the case of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Indonesia. Before the model was formed, the data were tested for the Weibull distribution and the results were met properly. Whereas for testing proportional hazard assumptions the results are not fulfilled so that semi-parametric models can be used. Based on the results of the study, the Weibull regression is better than the stratified Cox regression.
Dynamics of Predator-Prey Model Interaction with Intraspecific Competition
Authors: Ikbal M
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we have formulated and studied a dynamic predator-prey model. We have formulated intraspecific competition of predators. Holling type I and Holling type II response function have been used for the consumption of prey by two predators respectively. We have analyzed the positivity of solutions, existence of equilibria, and stability of the proposed system around these equilibrium points. Condition for local stability was obtained by eigenvalue approach and Routh-Hurwitz Criterion. Finally, some numerical simulation have been presented to investigate the dynamic of the system.
An inventory model for estimation of deterioration with time-dependent demand and storage cost
Authors: Ichwanto J I , Lesmono J D , Limansyah T
Published: June 2021

An inventory consists of items that are stocked temporarily before they are used or sold at a later time. An inventory model is required to enable the retailer to determine the optimal order quantity. The main goal is to determine how many items should be ordered and when to order to minimize the total cost. If retailers order too much, the holding cost will increase because the items that have to be stored increase and the items will deteriorate. If they order too little, then shortages may occur because the inventory could not meet the demand. In this paper, a mathematical model for inventories with deterioration, time-dependent demand, and time-dependent storage cost will be developed. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to examine how the changes in the model parameters affect the optimal solution. It can be concluded that if the deterioration rate decreases and the demand rate increases, then the total cost will also decrease.
On Locating Chromatic Number of Cubic Graph with Tree Cycle, Cn,2n,n, for n=3,4,5
Authors: Ofera Salde , Welyyanti Des , Effendi
Published: June 2021

Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a connected graph and is coloring of graph G. Let Π = {C
1, C
2, …,Ck
}, where Ci
is the partition of the vertex in which is colored i with 1 ≥ i ≥ k. The representation v for Π is called the color code, denoted C
Π(v) is a ordered pair with k-element namely, C
Π(v) = (d(v, C
1), d(v, C
2), …, d(v, Ck
)), where d(v, Ci
)= mind{d(v, x)|xεCi
} for 1 ≥ i ≥ k. If every vertex in G have different color code, the c is locating coloring. The minimum number of colors used in G is called chromatic locating, notated by XL
(G). In this paper, we will determine the locating coloring of graph cubic Cn,2n,n
, for n=3,4,5.
The Influence of Calcination Temperature to Calcium Content in the Mangrove Crab Shells (Scylla serrata) from Merauke
Authors: Haryati Endang , Dahlan Khaeriah , Togibasa Octolia , Dahlan Kiagus
Published: June 2021

This study introduced the use of shells of the Merauke Mangrove crabs as a natural source of calcium extracted through thermal decomposition process with various temperatures. The method adopted in this study was carried out in two stages; first, shells of the crabs that have been cleansed and dried under the sun for 24 hours, were mashed and then it divided into two parts. The first section was used for the analysis of calcium composition. While the second part was calcined at three different temperatures, 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C for 5 hours before analysis. The results of the XRF showed that the raw powder of mangrove crab shell was contained 90.46% of calcium and 9.64% of other mineral content. This study revealed that the temperature of 1000°C is the right calcination condition to produce high calcium minerals in the mangrove crab shell, in which it reached 97.76% purity. The phase form that obtained from the XRD before being calcined was CaCO3 and after the calcination process was Ca(OH)2/CaO hydration. This study also found that the calcined process has succeeded to decrease the carbon content in the shells. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mangrove crab shells from Merauke, possess basic materials as bioceramic.
Stability analysis of Single-Brane with Gauss-Bonnet Term in a Bulk
Authors: Rahman Irsan , Agussalim Agussalim , Suroso Agus , Zen Freddy P.
Published: June 2021

We study single-brane 4 + n dimensions which is embedded in bulk 5 + n dimensions with scalar field and Gauss Bonnet terms in bulk. The brane field equation is obtained by performing a bulk field projection by using the Gauss-Codazzi equation. The Einstein brane field equation is formed into the standard Einstein field equation in the Theory of general relativity with additional terms Gauss Bonnet and extra terms. Furthermore cosmological application obtained by reviewing brane’s spacetime is homogeneous and isotropic. FRW metric is taken with two scale factors that are internal dimensions and external dimensions which have a relationship $b(t)=a(t)^\gamma$. A dynamic analysis is performed to determine the stability of this model by taking the case of the absence of extra terms. Finally, we get a stable solution for this model occurs when the extra dimension n=2.
Investigation of H2SO4and KOH aqueous electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon derived from areca catechu husk
Authors: Taer Erman , Febriyanti Friska , Apriwandi  , Taslim Rika , Agustino  , Sinta Mustika Widya
Published: June 2021

Aqueous electrolytes have shown great interest in developing high performance and environmentally friendly supercapacitors. This work focuses on systematic investigations of the symmetrical properties of activated carbon electrode for supercapacitors in different aqueous electrolytes. Here, we compare the performance of supercapacitors using 1M KOH and 1M H2SO4different electrolytes based on carbon monolith electrodes derived fromareca catechuhusk waste. Carbon electrodes were synthesized using single-step pyrolysis both carbonization and physical activation without the addition of synthetic adhesive materials. The electrochemical properties were evaluated based on the cyclic voltammetry method at voltage windows of 0-0.5V and 0-1.0V with a scanning rate of 1 mV s−1, 2 mV s−1, 5 mV s−1, and 10 mV s−1. The electrode supercapacitor showed the highest specific capacitance of 150 F g−1and 112 F g−1at a scanning rate of 1 mV s−1for H2SO4and KOH electrolytes respectively. The maximum specific energy was found as high as 20.97 Wh kg−1and the specific power of 75.57 kW kg−1at the voltage window of 0-1.0V were achieved for H2SO4electrolytes. As addition, the physical properties of carbon electrode also characterized such as mass, volume, and density. This work provides consideration the selected of different aqueous electrolytes for high-performance supercapacitors.
Inventory of macrozoobenthos community in Mangrove Ecosystem, Labombo Beach, Palopo, South Sulawesi
Authors: Syakur A , Paembonan S
Published: June 2021

Mangrove ecosystem has ecological roles as habitats for many organism and also minimizing the effects of sea water abration in Labombo shoreline. However, marine tourism area in Labombo beach potentially change that ecological roles. So, it is important to monitore the ecosystem quality for maintaning sustainability of ecosyetem. This study aimed to determine the quality of ecosystems using macrozoobenthos community structure as a bioindicator. The sample was taken from three station using transect and cuadrant methods. The samples then stored in 70% alcohol bottle and indentified based on morphological characteristic in laboratory. 14 spesices of macrozoobenthos were identified in study area. The data showed that Shannon Wiener diversity index (H’) was 2,44; Eveness index was 0,91; and Dominance index was 0,10. Based on Shannon Wiener cathegory, the macrozoobenthos diversity in study area was moderate and indicate that the ecosystem was stable.
In Silico Study of Developing a Method for Detecting Pathogenic Bacteria in Refillable Drinking Water Samples
Authors: Achyar A , Atifah Y , Putri D H
Published: June 2021

One of the parameters of quality of drinking water that is suitable for consumption is not contaminated by Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella sp. Beside microbiological tests, water quality testing can be carried out molecularly only in few hours, using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reactions) technique. Although PCR is a basic molecular technique, various detection methods can be developed from it. The key to success in making a PCR-based method is inseparable from bioinformatics studies when designing primers that are specific to pathogen target DNA. The purpose of this research was to design pathogen-specific primers and do in silico study of PCR using bioinformatics software to get better planning in developing detection method. DNA sequence templates of E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella were downloaded from NCBI and multiple-aligned using Geneious Prime bioinformatic software. Primers were designed according to conserved region of these pathogens. The primers specificity was checked using Primer BLAST tools in NCBI. The result of this study was a pair of primers that amplify 825 bp fragment of 16S rRNA sequence specific to E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella.
Optimization of Wood Vinegar from Pyrolysis of Jelutung Wood (Dyera lowii Hook) by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Oramahi H A , Rusmiyanto E , Kustiati
Published: June 2021

The optimization of vinegar produced from ‘jelutung’ wood (Dyera lowii Hook) was investigated. The pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time are primary parameters for wood vinegar yield. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on wood vinegar yield were evaluated through experimental and statistical analysis. The objective of this study was to optimize experimental parameters to obtain the maximum wood vinegar yield from pyrolysis of jelutung wood by using response surface methodology (RSM). Important pyrolysis process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature (X1) and pyrolysis times (X2) were optimized. The regression equation obtained for the wood vinegar yield was Y = 30.24 + 2.11 X1 - 0.72 X2 – 2.10 X12 - 1.27 X22 – 0.53 X1.X2. The maximum wood vinegar yield of 30.97 % was obtained at the optimum parameters of pyrolysis temperature of 462.5 °C and pyrolysis temperature of 152 minutes.
Quality Improvement of Sugarcane Top as Animal Feed with Biodelignification by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Fungi on In-vitro Digestibility of NDF, ADF, Cellulose and Hemicellulose
Authors: Yanti G , Jamarun N , Elihasridas  , Astuti T.
Published: June 2021

The aims of this research were to improve the nutrients digestibility of sugarcane top fiber fractions (ADF, NDF, Cellulose and Hemicellulose) through biodelignification process using Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungi as forage feed. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 5 rumen fluid sources as a group. The treatments consisted of: A=sugarcane top (without fermentation), B=sugarcane top fermented with 5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium, C=sugarcane top fermented with 10% Phanerochaete chrysosporium, D=sugarcane top fermented with 15% Phanerochaete chrysosporium with fermentation times is 21 days. The results of experiment showed that dose of 10% Phanerochete chrysosporium with a fermentation time of 21 days could improve the digestibility of sugarcane top fiber fractions, as indicated by the higher digestibility of NDF (54.21%), ADF (53.06%), Cellulose (49.10%), and Hemicellulose. (57.73%).
Antagonism of Siderophore Producing Bacteria Against Blood Disease Bacteria
Authors: Advinda L , Anhar  , Irdawati
Published: June 2021

Siderophore is a chemical compound of Fe chelating. This compound is produced by several microorganisms that grow under iron-limiting conditions. Siderophore can facilitate the transfer of Fe from the environment to become available to plants. The siderophore ability to bind Fe as a competitor against other microorganisms, so that in the agricultural system it can be used as a plant disease controller. This study aims to determine the production of siderophore produced by several fluorescent pseudomonad isolates and its antagonistic tests against Blood Disease Bacteria (BDB). Siderohore detection is determined by the absorbance value obtained, and measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 410 nm. The antagonist test used a completely randomized designwith 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment is fluorescent pseudomonads isolates PfLAHP2, PfPb1, PfCas3, PfKd7, PfCas, PfPj1, and PfPj2. PfLAHP2 isolates produced the highest siderophore, which was 1.027, and the lowest isolate PfCas was 0.148. The antagonistic test of fluorescent pseudomonad against BDB showed that PfLAHP2 isolate produced the largest inhibitory zone, which was 1.042 cm.
Analysis of Water Content on Biodiesel Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Biodiesel Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as Diesel Engine Fuels
Authors: Sugiarto Toto , Purwanto Wawan , Arif Ahmaf , Sudarno Putra Dwi , Yasep Setiawan M.
Published: June 2021

This paper is based of policy to diversify energy from renewable energy, one of the types of renewable energy is biodiesel. The purpose of this paper is to explain the water content in biodiesel with palm oil added, and the water content in biodiesel with coconut oil added, and compare the water content of the two types of biodiesel. The type of research used is the research and development method, testing the water content of the biodiesel at the Sucofindo Padang Laboratory and the Pertamina Padang Laboratory. The results showed that the water content of biodiesel with palm oil had a lower water content compared to biodiesel with coconut oil. Referring to the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015) that the water content in biodiesel is 0.05% as the maximum limit, while referring to Gaikindo (Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries), the maximum water content in biodiesel is 0.020% to 0.025%, then biodiesel B5, B10, B15, and B20, with palm oil added, and biodiesel B5 and B10 with coconut oil added as fuel can be used for diesel engines.
Design and analysis security architecture virtualization OpenVz
Authors: Wardhana Indrawat , Ariawijaya Musi , Hasnur Riska , Syafitri Rita , Nasuha Akhmad
Published: June 2021

OpenVZ is a capsule-based virtualization technology for OS Linux which allows administrators to deploy multiple Operating Systems with different virtual hardware specifications, called containers, virtual environments, or Virtual Private Servers. In this paper, we propose new security architecture for OpenVZ depends on the type of attacks that commonly happen in servers. This security technic called OpenVzSec. The server is attacked by the client using OS windows and Ubuntu OS which is equipped with an attacker code program based on python language. Type of attacks used in this research: SSH vulnerability, SYN Flood attacks, Attack on the Rootkit vulnerability, and checksum spoofing. Some server attacks on a server and containers able to detected and anticipate by OpenVZSec. The OpenVZSec security model does not decrease performance of the server.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): as a Potential Biocontrol for Curvularia lunata Invitro
Authors: Rahma H , Nurbailis  , Kristina N
Published: June 2021

Rhizobacteria is an environmentally friendly and sustainable biocontrol agent, used as an alternative in the management of plant pathogens. Furthermore, their suppression mechanism often varies, as some are capable of producing antibiotic compounds, competing with, and increasing plant growth, although t some forms possess multiple control. This study, therefore, aims to determine the activity of rhizobacterial antibiosis against Curvularia lunata in vitro. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Control, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Andalas University. In addition, the procedure required using an experimental method, which was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design. The antagonistic rhizobacterial selection of C. lunata was carried out using a dual culture test, on a total of 7 rhizobacteria, and 4 were selected, encompassing Stenotrophomonas malthopilia KJKB5.4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii LMTSA5.4, Bacillus cereus AJ34 and Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14 as potential candidates in the control of C. lunata, suppression effectiveness that was above 50%. In addition, it was also established that all four isolates the propensity to produce chitinase enzymes.
Developing User-Friendly E-module Hyper-content on Atomic Structure and Periodical Properties of Elements
Authors: Prima Sari Monica , Oktavia Rani , Arif Khairil
Published: June 2021

Connecting understanding on atomic structure to explain the periodical properties of elements has always been a challenge over the years. One of the factors behind this is the lack of availability of syllabus-relevant, user-friendly, practical and accessible learning resources on the topics. Therefore, this research and development study aims to produce a valid and practical e-module hyper-content to support the learning process of structure atom and periodical properties of element by preservice science teachers. The e-module was developed through ADDIE model which consists of five stages namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. The validity test of the product was conducted through expert judgements and the practicality test was conducted involving 110 third semester students of Science Education Department of Universitas Negeri Padang. Result of the feasibility test indicated that the e-module with hyper-content on structure atom and periodical properties of elements belongs to very high category for both validity and practicality. Analysis of students’ responses on open-ended questionnaires revealed that this e-module is beneficial for better learning on the topic due to the ease of use and integrative way of presenting information on relevant topics.
Impact of Project Based Learning on Creative Thinking Skills and Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Fadhil M , Kasli E , Halim A , Evendi  , Mursal  , Yusrizal
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the application of Project Based Learning (PjBL) on creative thinking skills (CTS) and student learning outcomes on vibrations and waves. The approach and design used were Quasi Experimental and the one-group posttest-pretest. Purposive sampling technique has been used to select 2 classes of research samples, namely class VIII-A (control) and VIII-B (experiment) high school students. Data collection on CTS and student learning outcomes (LO) using a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions developed by the researcher. The data analysis used the normalized N-gain score formula and the percentage formula. The results of the data analysis show that the PjBL learning model can improve the CTS of the experimental class students with a high category compared to the control class. Student learning outcomes through the PjBL learning model show better than through non-PjBL. The conclusion in this study is that the PjBL model can improve creative thinking skills and student learning outcomes.
Achievement of Students’ Concept Mastery through Concept-based Learning and Drill Methods in Biology Instructional Methodology Course
Authors: Muttaqiin Arief , Lufri Lufri , Yogica Relsas , Fitri Rahmadhani
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the achievement of students’ conceptual mastery in the Biology Instructional Methodology course through concept-based learning and drill methods. Data were collected using post-test questions to 40 pre-service biology teachers. This research is part of previous research, namely research on the development of a concept-based learning model and a drill method. Based on the data that has been collected and analysed, it is known that the achievement of student concept mastery is in the very satisfactory (C +) category with an average score of 64.90.
Effect Scientific Approach with Assistance of Student Worksheets based PBL towards Students’ Biology Affective Competence in Bacterial Learning Material
Authors: Lufri L , Laili F , Anhar A
Published: June 2021

Purpose this research to know effect scientific approach with assistance of student worksheets based PBL towards students’ Biology affective competence. This research is quasi-experiment using randomized control posted only design. Students class X is population. Purposive sampling is the technique, X IPA 4 (experiment) while X IPA 3 (control). The observation sheet was used as an instrument. Mann Whitney U test as data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the biological affective competence of experimental and control students, namely the biological affective competence of experimental class students was higher than the control class. The average experimental score 3.35 (B) and control 2.95 (C). The conclusion of this research is scientific approach with assistance of student worksheet based PBL on students enable them to increase their affective competence.
Dynamic range extension of the Tibet underground muon detectors for measurements up to the knee energy region with 3-inch photomultipliers
Authors: Lin Y.H. , Huang J. , Chen D. , Ohnishi M. , Zhang Y. , Zhai L.M. , Chen X. , Fang J.H. , Meng Y.
Published: June 2021

Aiming to study the primary cosmic-ray mass composition up to the knee energy region with the Tibet underground water-Cherenkov muon-detector array (MD), we propose to extend the dynamic range of each MD detector with an 8-inch PMT (Beijing Hamamatsu CR365) and a 3-inch PMT (HZC XP72B22). We carried out a series of tests on the candidate 3-inch XP72B22 PMT to examine whether it can meet our requirements. The measurement results showed that the XP72B22 has a wide dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude and a linear response up to ∼105 photoelectrons (PEs) at the supply voltage of 700 V. Combined with previous test results of the CR365, these two types of PMT can achieve an equivalent dynamic range from 30 to 106 PEs. As a result, an MD cell is able to detect cosmic rays around the knee energies by adding the CR365 and the XP72B22.
Suppression of spurious neutrons for the neutron detector used in small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Fang Z. , Liu L. , Yang Y. , Li Y.
Published: June 2021

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measures the angular distribution of neutrons scattered by the sample to calculate the momentum transfer in the scattering process. However, the incident neutrons may firstly undergo unwanted collisions with the detector’s structural material before they are registered. The detection of such spurious neutrons might lead to a biased interpretation to the microstructure of the inspected sample. A newly-designed boron-lined honeycomb converter based gaseous neutron detector is introduced in this study to provide a capability for suppressing the spurious neutrons. The simulation and experimental results indicate that a 3 to 10 times improvement for the spurious neutron suppression capability could be achieved.
On the distribution of the Rudin-Shapiro function for finite fields
Authors: Dartyge Cécile , Mérai László , Winterhof Arne
Published: June 2021

Let

q
=

p
r

q=p^r

be the power of a prime

p
p

and

(

β
1

,
…
,

β
r

)

(\beta _1,\ldots ,\beta _r)

be an ordered basis of

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

over

F

p

\mathbb {F}_p

. For
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="xi equals sigma-summation Underscript j equals 1 Overscript r Endscripts x Subscript j Baseline beta Subscript j Baseline element-of double-struck upper F Subscript q Baseline with digits x Subscript j Baseline element-of double-struck upper F Subscript p Baseline comma">

ξ
=

∑

j
=
1

r

x
j

β
j

∈

F

q

with digits 

x
j

∈

F

p

,

\begin{equation*} \xi =\sum _{j=1}^r x_j\beta _j\in \mathbb {F}_q \quad \text {with digits }x_j\in \mathbb {F}_p, \end{equation*}

we define the Rudin-Shapiro function

R
R

on

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

by
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R left-parenthesis xi right-parenthesis equals sigma-summation Underscript i equals 1 Overscript r minus 1 Endscripts x Subscript i Baseline x Subscript i plus 1 Baseline comma xi element-of double-struck upper F Subscript q Baseline period">

R
(
ξ
)
=

∑

i
=
1

r
−
1

x
i

x

i
+
1

,

ξ
∈

F

q

.

\begin{equation*} R(\xi )=\sum _{i=1}^{r-1} x_ix_{i+1}, \quad \xi \in \mathbb {F}_q. \end{equation*}

For a non-constant polynomial

f
(
X
)
∈

F

q

[
X
]

f(X)\in \mathbb {F}_q[X]

and

c
∈

F

p

c\in \mathbb {F}_p

we study the number of solutions

ξ
∈

F

q

\xi \in \mathbb {F}_q

of

R
(
f
(
ξ
)
)
=
c

R(f(\xi ))=c

. If the degree

d
d

of

f
(
X
)

f(X)

is fixed,

r
≥
6

r\ge 6

and

p
→
∞

p\rightarrow \infty

, the number of solutions is asymptotically

p

r
−
1

p^{r-1}

for any

c
c

. The proof is based on the Hooley-Katz Theorem.
Counting solvable 𝑆-unit equations
Authors: Shparlinski I. , Stewart C.
Published: June 2021

We obtain upper bounds on the number of finite sets

S

\mathcal {S}

of primes below a given bound for which various

2
2

variable

S

\mathcal {S}

-unit equations have a solution.
A topological invariant for continuous fields of Cuntz algebras II
Authors: Sogabe Taro
Published: June 2021

We investigate an invariant for continuous fields of the Cuntz algebra

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

introduced by Taro Sogabe [Math. Ann. 380 (2021), pp. 91–117], and find a way to obtain a continuous field of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

from that of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

using the construction of the invariant. By Brown’s representability theorem, this gives a bijection from the set of the isomorphism classes of continuous fields of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

to those of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

. As a consequence, we obtain a new proof for M. Dadarlat’s classification result of continuous fields of

O

n
+
1

\mathcal {O}_{n+1}

arising from vector bundles, which corresponds to those of

M

n

(

O

∞

)

\mathbb {M}_n(\mathcal {O}_\infty )

stably isomorphic to the trivial field.