bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Strategies and Clinicopathological Evaluation of Liver Abscess in the Tribal Area: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ravindra K Kulkarni
Published: July 2020

Background: Liver abscess continues to be disease with considerable mortality in our country especially in Tribal Area. Locally made alcoholic drinks like neera, arrack may be the routes of faeco-oral transmission of amoebic cysts. Hence the aim of the study was to study the influence of alcohol, diabetics & immunocompromised diseases leading to increased incidence of Liver abscess and to evaluate efficacy associated with most effective treatment. Subjects and Methods: The present study included 50 patients diagnosed with liver abscess. All the patients were under the treatment for the period of years. All cases of liver abscess diagnosed clinically and/or ultrasonographically, all cases of bacterial and parasitic liver abscess and the cases in evolving, liquefied & ruptured stage with or without peritonitis were included in the study. Results: When the management part of the liver abscess was analysed 14 patients had abscess that was less than 200 cc or had multiple small abscess involving both lobes that were managed conservatively. Total of 36 patients who had abscess > 200 cc or left lobe abscess were subjected to intervention, of which 24 patients were treated with percutaneous aspiration with antibiotic coverage, 6 patients were treated with laparotomy procedure and 4 patients treated with drainage with laparoscope and 2 patients underwent ICD insertion. Conclusion: Liver abscess is a common condition in tribal area of India. It is still, a disease associated with considerable morbidity. Intraperitoneal rupture, pleural rupture, septicemia are the conditions that can occur. Multiple small liver abscess and solitary liver abscess < 200 cc or size < 5cms can be successfully managed with conservative line of management with antimicrobials / antiamoebic drugs, but recurrences were noted. Percutaneous needle aspiration as well as Pigtail Catheter insertion is safe and highly effective method of managing liver abscess cases. Laparotomy and Drainage or Laparoscopic Drainage remains the standard of care for ruptured liver abscess.
A Study to Evaluate the Significance of Sherren’s Triangle Hyperaesthesia in a Treatment of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Amarnath Gupta  , A P Singh
Published: July 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. In spite of sophisticated new investigations mainstay of diagnosis depends on clinical sign and symptoms, Sherren‘s triangle hyperaesthesia is very important sign with controversial efficacy about it in available literature. The aim of this study was to explore the significance of hyperaesthesia in Sherren’s triangle in a treatment of acute appendicitis. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in 418 patients with 186 females and 251 males. Patients were of acute appendicitis operated for appendicectomy included in the study. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of hyperaesthesia in Sherren’s triangle were 47.7% and 42.9% respectively with positive and negative predictive values were 92.1% and 5.56%. Conclusion: Hence it indicates that hyperaesthesia in Sherren’s triangle is important sign to suspect to support diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It has minimal significance to rule out it. This sign plays very important role in a diagnosis of complicated appendicitis like obstructive appendicitis.
Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors Causing Abdominal Wound Dehiscence
Authors: Ajay Kumar Jha  , Santosh Kumar  , Ajit Kumar Sinha
Published: July 2020

Background: Wound dehiscence/burst abdomen is a very serious post-operative complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to highlight the risk factors for wound dehiscence and remedial measures to prevent or reduce the incidence of wound dehiscence. Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective and observational study involving all those who have developed abdomen wound dehiscence after initial surgery, an elaborative study of these cases with regard to date of admission, clinical history regarding the   mode of presentation, significant risk factors, investigations, time of surgery and type of surgery postoperatively, study of diagnosis and day   of diagnosis of wound dehiscence is done till the patient is discharged from the hospital. The collected data is analysed and statistics were  made according to need. Results: The incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence is more common in male patients in 4th to 5th decade. Patients with peritonitis due to duodenal perforation, complicated appendicitis, pyoperitoneum and intestinal obstruction carried higher risk of abdominal wound dehiscence. Abdominal wound dehiscence was more common in patients operated in emergency. Patients with intra-abdominal infection, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, jaundice had higher incidence of wound dehiscence. Conclusion: Wound dehiscence can be prevented by improving nutritional status of patient, proper surgical technique, controlling infections and correcting co-morbid conditions.
A Randomized Prospective Study on Interlay Vs Underlay of Type I Tympanoplasty in Remote Tertiary Center
Authors: Md Sharif Alam  , Om Prakash  , R P Thakur
Published: July 2020

Background: Type I tympanoplasty is a surgical technique used to restore the integrity of tympanic membrane as well as improve the hearing in inactive mucosal chronic otitis media. There are two main methods that are underlay and overlay in between both is interlay. The aim of the present study is to analyse and compare the results of the two most commonly used type I tympanoplasty techniques, underlay and the interlay technique in chronic otitis media with mucosal disease in large central perforation, in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement. Subjects and Methods: This is a randomized prospective study of 100 cases of inactive mucosal chronic otitis media with total or large anterior central perforation between October2017 to September 2019 in Anugarah Narayan Magadh Medical College & Hospital, Gaya. Half had gone through Interlay and half by Underlay technique of Type I Tympanoplasy surgery. Results: The graft uptake rate in this study was 96% and 90% for Interlay and Underlay technique respectively. Postoperatively mean air bone gap maximally reduced in the Interlay technique. Conclusion: The present study showed that Interlay method had better graft uptake rate as well as hearing improvement in total and large anterior central perforation of inactive mucosal chronic otitis media than the Underlay technique.
Retrospective Clinical Study on Epistaxis
Authors: Md Sharif Alam  , R P Thakur
Published: July 2020

Background: Epistaxis is bleeding through nose. It is most common emergency situation in ENT that is disastrous to the patient and troublesome to treat for doctors. It is seen that 60% population experiences epistaxis in their life time and only 6% went to take consultation. The study  aims to evaluate incidence, etiology, provoking factors and cost effective management. Subjects and Methods: A 3 years retrospective study between September 2015 to August 2018 carried out in Anugarah Narayan Magadh Medical College & Hospital, Gaya on 98 admitted epistaxis patients. Results: Total 11,667 patients came in ENT department among them 2,723 patients with nasal complain. Incidence was0.84% among all cases and 3.6% among nasal problems. No obvious cause seen in 34 cases (34.23%) then cardiovascular cause in 32 cases (32.65%) then infection in19.32% and lastly by trauma in 5.68%. Maximum patients in 40-50 years age group 36% and minimum in 70-80 years 1%. Most patients belong to urban76 cases (77.27%) and middle age 36 cases (36.36%). Males are more prone 57 cases (57.95%) with ratio 1.39:1. Mostly in January-March months 45 cases (46.59%). Most patients came with unilateral epistaxis 86 cases (87.5%). About 26cases (26.14%)came with single episode whom urgent treatment required. Well managed with Nonsurgical method to 85 patients (86.73%) by anterior nasal packing (ANP) in 43 cases (43.87%) and chemical cauterization to 19 cases(19.30%) while surgical treatment given to 13 patients (13.26%).Some required electrocauterization 16 cases (16.32%) with bipolar. Mean hospital stay length 3.2 days. Blood transfusion required in 7cases (7.14%). Conclusion: Cost effectively anterior nasal packing is best conservative indirect method and electrocauterization is very effective direct method.
Association of Serum Iron and Ferritin Levels in Patients of Cholelithiasis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Madhukar Rajaram Wagh  , Sunil Joshi
Published: July 2020

Background: Cholelithiasis is a common abdominal disorder resulting in increasing hospital admissions. About 10-12% of adults develop gallstones. Aim of this study was to find out any association of serum iron and ferritin levels in patients of cholelithiasis. Subjects and Methods: Present study was conducted at the department of surgery, tertiary care institute of for the period 1 year. For the study purpose 70 gall stone cases and 70 normal healthy matched controls were taken as study participants. After explaining about the study to the subjects, an informed consent will be obtained, followed by a detailed history with clinical examination with more emphasis on the parameters given below in outcome variable (ultrasonography finding, serum iron level, serum ferritin level, serum cholesterol). Results: The mean age in the case group (gallstones present) is 43.12 years, as compared to the control group the mean age is 41.05 years, The study shows in the case group 64% of patient was female and 36% was male and in the control group 76% of patient was female and 24% was male. In this study 46 (65.7%) patients with gallstones have the value of serum iron less than normal (normal value: >40 µg/dl). Our study shows, there are 35 female patients with gallstone disease who have serum iron levels below the normal value Most of the patients with gallstone disease whose serum iron levels are subnormal are females. Our study shows that the mean serum iron between cases and control was statistically significant p 0.05. There is no effect of anemia on serum cholesterol. In this study the mean serum cholesterol between cases and control was statistical insignificant (p>0.7)) In the case group, 20 of male and 36 of female patients have normal serum ferritin levels. The number of females having normal serum ferritin levels (in both case and control groups) is more. Conclusion: Gallstones are more prevalent in female population than males. Serum ferritin association is insignificant as it increases other condition with inflammation also. Low serum iron level associated with high risk of cholelithiasis as this may lead to super saturation of bile.
The Golden Age of Pantomime
Authors: Richards Jeffrey
Published: July 2020

Of all the theatrical genres most prized by the Victorians, pantomime is the only one to have survived continuously into the twenty-first century. It remains as true today as it was in the 1830s, that a visit to the pantomime constitutes the first theatrical experience of most children and now, as then, a successful pantomime season is the key to the financial health of most theatres. Everyone went to the pantomime, from Queen Victoria and the royal family to the humblest of her subjects. It appealed equally to West End and East End, to London and the provinces, to both sexes and all ages. Many Victorian luminaries were devotees of the pantomime, notably among them John Ruskin, Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll and W.E. Gladstone. In this vivid and evocative account of the Victorian pantomime, Jeffrey Richards examines the potent combination of slapstick, spectacle and subversion that ensured the enduring popularity of the form. The secret of its success, he argues, was its continual evolution.

It acted as an accurate cultural barometer of its times, directly reflecting current attitudes, beliefs and preoccupations, and it kept up a flow of instantly recognisable topical allusions to political rows, fashion fads, technological triumphs, wars and revolutions, and society scandals. Richards assesses throughout the contribution of writers, producers, designers and stars to the success of the pantomime in its golden age. This book is a treat as rich and appetizing as turkey, mince pies and plum pudding.
The I.B.Tauris History of Monasticism
Authors: Evans G.R.
Published: July 2020

From the earliest centuries of the church, asceticism and the contemplative life have been profoundly important aspects of western Christianity. And in assessing the glories of western civilization, perhaps the best place to start is within medieval monastic institutions, not outside of them. For while monasteries withdrew from the main currents of their societies, until the rise of universities in the 12th century they provided fertile soil and sanctuary to the liberal arts and sciences as well as those who wanted to spend their lives focused upon God. They became the driving cultural forces of Europe, nurturing education, music, manuscript illumination, art and history, agriculture, animal husbandry - all in addition to spiritual guidance. In this first general history of monasticism since 1900, Andrea Dickens explores the cloistered communities and individuals who have aspired to the ascetic ideal in their religious life, assessing the impact they have made on the wider church and its practices.

She discusses some of the best known names in Christian history - including Cuthbert, Columba, Hilda of Whitby, Peter Abelard and Thomas Merton - and traces the monastic impulse from its beginnings in the Egyptian desert through the Rule of St Benedict, Cluny’s foundation in 910, the austerity of the Cistercians, the legacy of women’s houses, the critique of Luther and Calvin, Trappists and Catholic reform, up to the present-day ecumencial Taize community. Offering a lively and informed overview of western monasticism, the book will be essential reading for students of history and religion as well as the lay reader.
Assemblage Theory and Method
Authors: Buchanan Ian
Published: July 2020

What do we mean when we talk of an 'assemblage' in contemporary theory? Any and every thing, or more precisely, any and every kind of collection of things, could now be called an assemblage. The constant and seemingly limitless expansion of the term’s range of applications begs the question, if any and every kind of collection of things is an assemblage, then what advantage is there is in using this term and not some other term, or indeed no term at all? What makes an assemblage an assemblage, and not some other kind of collection of things? This book advances beyond this impasse and offers practical help in thinking about and using assemblage theory for contemporary cultural and social research, in order to:

- Answer the question: what is assemblage theory?

- Explain why assemblage theory is necessary

- Provide clear instructions on how to use assemblage theory

The first book of it's kind, Ian Buchanan's guide maps the beginnings of a brand new field within the humanities.
Modern Theatre in Russia
Authors: Aquilina Stefan
Published: July 2020

What did modern theatre in Russia look like and how did it foreground tradition building and transmission processes?

The book challenges conventional historiographical approaches by weaving contemporary theories on cultural transmission into its historical narrative. It argues that processes of transmission – training spaces, acting manuals, photographic evidence, newspaper reports, international networking, informal encounters, cultural memories – contribute to the formation and consolidation of theatre traditions.

Through English translations of rare Russian sources, the book expounds on:

*side-lined material on Stanislavsky, including his relationship with German actor Ludwig Barnay, use of improvisation at the First Studio, and rehearsal practices for Artists and Admirers (1933);

*Valentin Smyshlaev’s acting manual The Technique to Process Stage Performance and the creation of hybrid practices;

*proletarian theatre as an amateur-professional combination and force in the transformation of everyday life, as seen in the Proletkult’s volume Art at the Workers’ Clubs;

*Meyerhold’s Borodin Studio as an early example of Practice as Research, his European tour of 1930, and international persona as depicted in newspapers published in the West; and

*Asja Lacis’s work with children, which contributes to current efforts to address the gender imbalance that is often characteristic of modernism.

This historical-theoretical investigation is combined with practical exercises that provide a more experiential understanding of the modern performance realities involved. In this way, the book speaks not only to theatre scholars and historians, but also to students and practitioners engaged in practical work.
Controversial Reasoning in Indian Philosophy
Authors: Phillips Stephen , Keating Malcolm
Published: July 2020

A pervasive form of reasoning exists in Indian philosophy. Known as arthâpatti, this epistemic instrument is crucial to Mimamsa philosophers, as well as a point of controversy for Nyaya and Buddhist philosophers, yet to date it has received less attention than perception, inference, and testimony.

This collection presents a one-of-a-kind reference resource for understanding this form of reasoning in Indian philosophy. It assembles translations of central primary texts by Kumarila Bhatta, Prabhakara Misra, Jayanta Bhatta, Udayana and Gangésa Upadhyaya, together with newly-commissioned essays on research topics. These readable translations of Sanskrit works are accompanied by critical notes which introduce arthâpatti, offer historical context, and clarify the philosophical debates surrounding it.

Showing how arthâpatti is used as a way to reason about the basic unseen causes driving language use, cause-and-effect relationships, as well as to interpret ambiguous or figurative texts, this book demonstrates the importance of this epistemic instrument in both contemporary Anglo-analytic and classical Indian epistemology, language, and logic.
A Working Diary
Authors: Lester Adrian , Chakrabarti Lolita
Published: July 2020

In this insightful joint working diary, the creative powerhouse of a couple, Lolita Chakrabarti and Adrian Lester, chronicle 16 months of their fascinating working lives, including their experiences working on the stage adaptation of Life of Pi, an original series of monologues about the NHS, the film adaptation of Red Velvet and the TV series The Rook, among many other projects. As readers, we experience, first-hand, their experiences as two of the most proactive and versatile theatre makers today, working across a range of media and exciting collaborations.
Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Levene Alysa
Published: July 2020

This book examines Jewish communities in Britain in an era of immense social, economic and religious change: from the acceleration of industrialisation to the end of the first phase of large-scale Jewish immigration from Europe.

Using the 1851 census alongside extensive charity and community records, Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain tests the impact of migration, new types of working and changes in patterns of worship on the family and community life of seven of the fastest-growing industrial towns in Britain. Communal life for the Jews living there (over a third of whom had been born overseas) was a constantly shifting balance between the generation of wealth and respectability, and the risks of inundation by poor newcomers. But while earlier studies have used this balance as a backdrop for the story of individual Jewish communities, this book highlights the interactions between the people who made them up. At the core of the book is the question of what membership of the ‘imagined community’ of global Jewry meant: how it helped those who belonged to it, how it affected where they lived and who they lived with, the jobs that they did and the wealth or charity that they had access to.

By stitching together patterns of residence, charity and worship, Alysa Levene is here able to reveal that religious and cultural bonds had vital functions both for making ends meet and for the formation of identity in a period of rapid demographic, religious and cultural change.
The Most Beautiful Job in the World
Authors: Mensitieri Giulia
Published: July 2020

Fashion is one of the most powerful industries in the world, accounting for 6% of global consumption and growing steadily. Since the 1980s and the birth of the neoliberal economy, it has emerged as the glittering face of capitalism, bringing together prestige, power and beauty and occupying a central place in media and consumer fantasies. Yet the fashion industry, which claims to offer highly desirable job opportunities, relies significantly on job instability, not just in outsourced garment production but at the very heart of its creative production of luxury.

Based on an in-depth investigation involving stylists, models, designers, hairdressers, make-up artists, photographers and interns, anthropologist Giulia Mensitieri goes behind fashion’s glamorous facade to explore the lived realities of working in the industry. This challenging book lays bare the working conditions of ‘the most beautiful job in the world,’ showing that exploitation isn’t confined to sweatshops abroad or sexual harassment of models, but exists at the very heart of the powerful symbolic and economic centre of fashion.
Prison Theatre and the Global Crisis of Incarceration
Authors: Lucas Ashley E.
Published: July 2020

Obscured behind concrete and razor wire, the lives of the incarcerated remain hidden from public view. Inside the walls, imprisoned people all over the world stage theatrical productions that enable them to assert their humanity and capabilities. Prison Theatre and the Global Crisis of Incarceration offers a uniquely international account and exploration of prison theatre. By discussing a range of performance practices tied to incarceration, this book examines the ways in which arts practitioners and imprisoned people use theatre as a means to build communities, attain professional skills, create social change, and maintain hope. Ashley Lucas’s writing offers a distinctive blend of storytelling, performance analysis, travelogue, and personal experience as the child of an incarcerated father.

Distinct examples of theatre performed in prisons are explored throughout the main text and also in a section of Critical Perspectives by international scholars and practitioners.
Suicide's Suicide
Authors: Coulter Andi
Published: July 2020

New York City in the 1970s was an urban nightmare: destitute, dirty, and dangerous. As the country collectively turned its back on the Big Apple, two musical vigilantes rose out of the miasma. Armed only with amplified AC current, Suicide's Alan Vega and Marty Rev set out to save America's soul. Their weaponized noise terrorized unsuspecting audiences. Suicide could start a riot on a lack of guitar alone. Those who braved their live shows often fled in fear--or formed bands (sometimes both). This book attempts to give the reader a front-row seat to a Suicide show.

Suicide is one of the most original, most misunderstood, and most influential bands of the last century. While Suicide has always had a dedicated cult following, the band is still relatively unknown outside their musical coterie. Arguing against the idea of the band's niche musical history, this book looks at parallels between Marvel Comics' antiheroes in the 1970s and Suicide’s groundbreaking first album. Andi Coulter tells the origin story of two musical Ghost Riders learning to harness their sonic superpower, using noise like a clarion call for a better future.
The Poetics of Noise from Dada to Punk
Authors: Melillo John
Published: July 2020

By reinterpreting 20th-century poetry as a listening to and writing through noise, The Poetics of Noise from Dada to Punk constructs a literary history of noise through poetic sound and performance. This book traces how poets figure noise in the disfiguration of poetic voice. Materializing in the threshold between the heard and the unheard, noise emerges in the differentiation and otherness of sound. It arises in the folding of an “outside” into the “inside” of poetic performance both on and off the page. Through a series of case studies ranging from verse by ear-witnesses to the First World War, Dadaist provocations, jazz modernist song and poetry, early New York City punk rock, contemporary sound poetry, and noise music, The Poetics of Noise from Dada to Punk describes productive failures of communication that theorize listening against the grain of sound’s sense.
Tax Implications on Family Breakdown
Authors: Thomas Sofia , Pirrie James
Published: July 2020

Co-written by a leading tax expert and a family lawyer, Tax Implications on Family Breakdown provides answers to the common problems encountered in financial remedy cases, in a way that will assist professionals from each discipline. Family law practitioners will find a grounding in tax to help them to spot issues that arise upon family breakdown or financial remedies proceedings, whilst tax practitioners will gain the knowledge needed on tax implications in family separation to maintain an in-house practice in this area. In addition, it enables these practitioners to engage successfully to ensure that all necessary information is available to the court, or within alternative dispute resolution processes. Flow charts, checklists and step-by-step chapters breakdown complex information, and precedent material is included to engage the ‘Part 25’ expert with maximum safety and efficiency.

Tax Implications on Family Breakdown covers:

Tax law as at 6 April 2020

The significant changes to Capital Gains Tax payment and reporting from 2020

FPR 2010, Part 25 as at Spring 2020
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators – the past, present and future
Authors: Ammannaya Ganesh Kumar K.
Published: July 2020

Since their formal introduction in 1980, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have undergone innumerable design modifications through several generations. They are indispensable today in successfully managing fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Their role in averting sudden cardiac death is recognized beyond doubt. Their applications and indications have continuously expanded over the last two decades. This article reviews the salient features in the evolution of ICDs, their current indications, recent advances and future directions. With more advanced detection algorithms, the potential integration with leadless pacing, and the possibility to serve as a remote monitoring device to recognize atrial fibrillation, acute ischemia, or electrolyte imbalance, the application of ICDs is rapidly evolving.
Silent myocardial dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Ozer Pelin , Emet Samim , Karaayvaz Ekrem , Elitok Ali , Bilge Ahmet , Adalet Kamil , Oncul Aytac
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a common disease that occurs in all stages of life. A growing number of studies call attention to the relationship between VD deficiency and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VD on subclinical left ventricular (LV) function in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with no significant coronary artery disease.

Material and methods

We recruited 140 patients (80 diabetics and 60 non-diabetics) with symptoms of stable ischemic heart disease who underwent coronary angiography and who had no significant coronary artery disease in our clinic. The 25(OH)D3 levels were measured and patients who had 25-(OH)D3 levels below 20 ng/dl were defined as the VD deficient group. In addition to conventional echocardiographic parameters, tissue Doppler echocardiography was used for LV diastolic functions and 2D speckle tracking strain echocardiography (2D STE) for evaluating the longitudinal deformation indices of the LV myocardium.

Results

In all groups, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in patients with VD deficiency (p < 0.001) compared to patients without VD deficiency. LV global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) was significantly impaired in patients with VD deficiency (p = 0.003). The GLS was negatively associated with 25-(OH)D3 in the VD deficiency group (r = –0.52623, p < 0.001). Conversely, GLS was positively associated with 25-(OH)D3 levels in the normal VD group (r = 0.28, p = 0.048).

Conclusions

VD deficiency is associated with impaired myocardial GLS. The present study demonstrated that VD deficiency may be the cause of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients with or without diabetes mellitus and no history of significant coronary artery disease.
Analysis of the logistical, economic and minimally invasive cardiac surgical training difficulties in India
Authors: Ammannaya Ganesh Kumar K. , Solinas Marco , Passino Claudio
Published: July 2020

Significant advances have been made in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) over the past 3 decades. However, the acceptance and practice of MICS continue to remain low in the developing world owing to several challenges. This study aimed to analyse the logistical, economic and training difficulties in MICS with a special focus on the Indian scenario. A systematic review of the current literature on MICS with an emphasis on these challenges was performed. MICS has been shown to have clear cost-benefit advantage that stems from shorter ICU and hospital stay, lesser transfusion requirements and avoidance of sternal wound complications. However, only limited reports are currently available detailing the economic and training challenges for the application of MICS in the developing world, particularly India. Though several challenges exist in widening MICS practice in India, these can be overcome through a target-oriented approach.
Diabetes and dementia – the two faces of Janus
Authors: Papazafiropoulou Athanasia , Koros Chris , Melidonis  Andreas , Antonopoulos Stavros
Published: July 2020

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Despite the limited data on the possible pathogenetic mechanisms, evidence suggests that cognitive decline, and thus dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, might arise from a complex interplay between type 2 diabetes and the aging brain, including decreased insulin signalling and glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and vascular disease. Furthermore, there is increasing interest on the effects of antidiabetic agents on cognitive decline. There are many studies showing that antidiabetic agents might have beneficial effects on the brain, mainly through inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition, experimental studies on patients with diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease have shown beneficial effects on synaptic plasticity, metabolism of amyloid-, and microtubule-associated protein tau. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the effects of antidiabetic agents in relation to cognitive decline, and in particular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A study on health and the association between overweight/obesity and otorhinolaryngological diseases in 6- to 17-year-old children from Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Zatoński Tomasz , Pazdro-Zastawny Katarzyna , Kolator Mateusz , Krajewska Joanna , Basiak-Rasała Alicja , Górna Sara , Zatoński Michał
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Childhood overweight and obesity have become a global problem in the past three decades. There are very few studies which examine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the development of otorhinolaryngological diseases in children. The objective of the study was to determine the association between overweight or obesity in children and the occurrence of otorhinolaryngological diseases.

Material and methods

The survey study was based on a parent-reported multidisciplinary questionnaire on children’s medical status among elementary and junior high school children in the city of Wrocław, the capital city of Poland’s Lower Silesia region. The children were taking part in the pro-health campaign “Let’s Get the Kids Moving”.

Results

The study was conducted among 2,913 children. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the assessment of the children’s BMI and the occurrence of adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoid hypertrophy was more common in the overweight and obese children. The children with adenoid hypertrophy had higher BMI than the children without adenoid hypertrophy. There was a statistically significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of adenoidectomy. There was a statistically significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of tonsillectomy.

Conclusions

The development and introduction of preventive programs like “Let’s Get the Kids Moving” in the future will contribute to building a healthier society. The study findings suggest that primal prevention may lead to a decrease in the development of otorhinolaryngological diseases. Our research indicates that higher body mass correlates with higher prevalence of otorhinolaryngological diseases. Overweight and obesity may be considered as a potential contributor to the development of those conditions. Further studies are needed to establish the etiopathology of this association. Our further future studies will focus on longitudinal assessments of weight, height, BMI and otorhinolaryngological diseases in order to establish trends and changes in overweight and obesity and the development of non-communicable diseases in the pediatric population of Wrocław.
Association of genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zarzuelo Romero María , Maldonado Montoro María , Ramírez Cristina , Pete Noelia , Martín Almudena , Martínez Fernando , Calleja Hernández Miguel , Ramírez Tortosa María , Morales Alberto
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Methotrexate (MTX) is the treatment of choice for patients
with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it has been found to produce toxicity in some patients. Different polymorphisms can play a part in inter-individual differences in toxicity. Our aim is therefore to determine the influence of gene polymorphisms in the MTX metabolic pathway, such as MTHFR
(rs1801133 and rs1801131), MTHFD1 (rs2236225), MTR (rs1805087), and
ABCC2 (rs4148396), on toxicity in MTX treatment among Caucasian patients
diagnosed with RA.

Material and methods

Real-time polymnerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis
with TaqMan probes was performed on these polymorphisms in 200 patients in a retrospective study.

Results

Patients with TT genotype and C allele for MTHFR rs1801133 gene
polymorphism presented a higher risk of anaemia (p = 0.0304; OR = 3.70;
95% CI: 1.10–12.34) and dizziness (p = 0.0438; OR = 8.15; 95% CI: 1.61–
148.68). Patients with MTHFR rs1801131-C allele or CC genotype presented a higher risk of mucositis (p = 0.0188; OR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.22–7.91),
acneiform rash (p = 0.0322; OR = 5.74; 95% CI: 1.34–39.21), and alopecia
(p = 0.0072; OR = 5.11; 95% CI: 1.37–17.70). Patients with MTR rs1805087-
CC genotype presented a higher risk of anosmia (p = 0.0038; OR = 98.00;
95% CI: 3.16–infinite); patients with the TT genotype or T allele for MTHFD1
rs2236225 presented a higher risk of liver failure (p = 0.00229; OR = 2.34;
95% CI: 1.14–4.96) and alopecia (p = 0.0248; OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.10–13.30),
and patients with the TT genotype for ABCC2 rs4148396 polymorphism (p =
0.0466; OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 0.98–6.94) presented a higher risk of headaches.

Conclusions

Pharmacogenomic analysis of these polymorphisms may facilitate decision-making in relation to MTX treatment toxicity among RA patients.
Affective temperaments and procrastination as mediated by emotional reactivity in a nonclinical adult sample
Authors: Oniszczenko Włodzimierz , Stanisławiak Ewa
Published: July 2020

Background

The study purpose was to assess the relationship between affective temperaments and procrastination and to examine the role of emotional reactivity as a mediator in this relationship. We hypothesized that depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious tem-peraments as well as emotional reactivity would be positively correlated with procrastination while the hyperthymic temperament would be negatively correlated, and that emotional reactivity would mediate the relationship between affective temperaments and procrastination.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of 315 healthy Caucasian adults (193 women and 122 men) aged 18-69 (M = 31.64, SD = 12.14). The Polish version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-Questionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to assess affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious). The temperament traits postulated by the regulative theory of temperament were measured with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory Revised (FCB-TIR). Procrastination was evaluated via a Polish version of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS).

Results

The affective temperaments positively correlated with procrastination, except for hyperthymic temperament (negative correla-tion). Emotional reactivity and perseveration had a positive relationship with procrastination, while briskness, endurance and rhythmicity had a negative correlation. Cyclothymic temperament and emotional reactivity were found to be significant predic-tors of procrastination; hyperthymic temperament, endurance and rhythmicity may provide buffers against procrastination.

Conclusions

Cyclothymic temperament is an important predictor of procrastination. Emotional reactivity significantly mediated between cy-clothymic temperament and procrastination. Hyperthymic temperament, endurance and rhythmicity may provide a buffer against procrastination.
Adverse childhood experiences in women with externalisation and internalisation disorders
Authors: Gąsior Krzysztof , Chodkiewicz Jan
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the connections between adverse childhood experiences and complex post-traumatic dis-orders and attachment types in women with externalisation (addictions, crime) and internalisation disorders (anxiety disorders and mixed anxiety-depressive disorders).

Participants and procedure

The methods used in the study were as follows: Adverse Childhood Experiences – International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), Fam-ily of Origin Dysfunction Scale (FODS) by Gąsior, Brier’s Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 (TSI-2) and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) by Collins and Read. The studied group comprised women (N = 159) with externalisation issues (addicted, n = 80, in-cluding the addicted and incarcerated n = 23) and with internalisation issues (n = 79). The overall results of the clinical groups were compared with the control group of women without adaptation issues (N = 129).

Results

The examined groups of women with internalisation and externalisation disorders differ both in terms of intensity and the scope of adverse childhood experiences, as well as in complex post-traumatic stress and attachment extent. The results obtained and the conclusions drawn from the research indicate that it is necessary to include a detailed diagnosis of adverse childhood experi-ences and traumas in the therapy and social rehabilitation of women with internalisation and externalisation disorders.

Conclusions

Development trajectories of externalisation and internalisation issues in women in view of their adverse childhood experiences require further studies.
Personality traits in musicians
Authors: Gjermunds Nikita , Brechan Inge , Johnsen Svein , Watten Reidulf G.
Published: July 2020

Background

Performing music is a complex creative activity which in addition to professional skills requires phantasy, a sense of aesthetics, cognitive involvement, intellectual curiosity, perceptual sensitivity, mental flexibility, but also discipline, motor precision and speed, attention endurance, emotional expression and communication. Many of these characteristics are also reflected in person-ality traits such as Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and to some degree Neuroticism. Previous research has investi-gated the differences between personality traits amongst musicians, but there are few studies that compare personality character-istics between musicians and non-musicians.

Participants and procedure

Using the Ten-Item Personality Measure (TIPI) the present study investigated Big Five personality traits in a sample of musi-cians (n = 509) compared to non-musicians (n = 201).

Results

Controlled for gender and age, the findings demonstrated that musicians had significantly higher scores on Openness and lower scores on Conscientiousness compared with non-musicians. There were no significant differences between the groups in Extra-version, Agreeableness and Emotional Stability-Neuroticism. The differences were larger for Openness than for Conscientious-ness.

Conclusions

Musicians seem to differ from non-musicians in two traits: somewhat lower scores on Conscientiousness, and considerably higher scores in Openness to experience. Thus, Openness seems to be the most typical personality trait for musicians. There were no significant differences in Extraversion, Agreeableness or Emotional Stability (Neuroticism) between the two groups. These results suggest that musicians are more creative and openminded than non-musicians.
External shame, loneliness, psychological distress, and well-being: insights from the Turkish adaptation of the Other as Shamer Scale-2
Authors: Satici Begum , Deniz Mehmet
Published: July 2020

Background

In this paper, we examine the Other as Shamer Scale-2 (OAS-2), a unidimensional and brief scale to directly assess external shame. In three studies with three independent samples of a Turkish university, we present evidence for OAS-2 validity with respect to well-being outcomes (subjective happiness, flourishing, and subjective well-being) and psychological distress out-comes (depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness) through direct comparisons with existing measures.

Participants and procedure

In Study 1 (N = 311), confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender, and Item Response Theory (IRT) were examined. In Study 2 (N = 380), criterion-related validities of the OAS-2 were analyzed. In Study 3 (N = 252), incremen-tal validity was examined using PROCESS. Also, internal consistency, composite reliability, and temporal reliability (n = 89) of the OAS-2 were investigated.

Results

In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the measure. The results provide support for meas-urement invariance across gender. All item scores fit the IRT model and were fit with ordered, progressing hierarchies in their step difficulties. In Study 2, criterion-related validity for the OAS-2 was demonstrated through positive correlations with loneli-ness, and negative correlations with subjective happiness and flourishing. In Study 3, findings indicated the mediation impact of external shame on well-being via psychological distress. The OAS-2 showed satisfactory reliability coefficients.

Conclusions

Overall, the OAS-2 proved to be a valuable and reliable tool, which presents a short form to measure external shame. In addi-tion, it was observed that the OAS-2 was related to both well-being and psychological distress.
Genetic influence on football performance - a systematic review
Authors: Sarmento Hugo , Marques Adilson , Field Adam , Martins João , Gouveia Élvio R. , Prieto Mondragón Laura , Ordoñez Saavedra Nestor , Rodríguez Diego Alonso , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To systematically review and organise the available literature devoted to the topic of genetics and performance
in football

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science, SPORTDiscus,
and PubMed for original research published before October 2019. The following keywords were entered: ‘Soccer’ OR
‘Football’ AND ‘Genetic’ OR ‘Epigenic’ OR ‘Powergene’ OR ‘Genomic’ OR ‘Genotype’ OR ‘Polymorphism’ OR ‘Genetic marker’.
Articles were screened by using pre-defined selection criteria, and methodological quality was assessed independently by
2 authors.

Results

The electronic searches yielded 872 articles, and after the screening process, a total of 38 studies met the eligibility
criteria and were subsequently included for review.

Conclusions

The reviewed studies identified the most frequently addressed topics in this area of research: (1) performance-related genes; (2) injury-related genes; (3) body composition-related genes; and (4) cardiac adaptations. This area of research
is still at an early stage, and there is a need for studies to develop knowledge of genetics and its link with physical, technical,
and cognitive performance in football with a view to facilitating talent identification in young players.
The impact of resistance training volume on muscle size and lean body mass: to infinity and beyond?
Authors: Souza Daniel , Barbalho Matheus , Gentil Paulo
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To conduct a narrative review of relevant studies comparing the impact of different resistance training (RT) volumes
on muscle hypertrophy and lean body mass

Methods

Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were clinical trials comparing the effects of different RT volumes on
muscle hypertrophy and body composition. Overall, 22 articles were considered relevant and included in this review after an
extensive literature hand search of the following databases: SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, LILACS,
and Web of Science

Results

Of the 22 studies, 6 showed greater effects of high-volume, 1 showed greater effects of low-volume, and the remaining
studies showed no difference between high- and low-volume RT. Five studies that revealed better results for higher volume were
performed in untrained people, 1 concerned trained people, and the study that presented better results for lower volume
referred to trained subjects. High heterogeneity was observed in the studies’ methodology regarding training protocols,
population characteristics, length of intervention, supervision status, and measures of muscle size and body composition

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that muscle size and lean body mass are not mainly affected by RT volume and that
other variables, especially the intensity of effort, should be considered in RT prescription. In this sense, increased volume
could be beneficial, especially when training with low effort or when effort is not well controlled. However, it is important
to note that there seems to be a ceiling effect and the use of higher volumes might be detrimental to muscle hypertrophy over
a long term.