bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fornax 3D project: Globular clusters tracing kinematics and metallicities
Authors: Fahrion K. , Lyubenova M. , Hilker M. , van de Ven G. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Leaman R. , Martín-Navarro I. , Bittner A. , Coccato L. , Corsini E. M. , Gadotti D. A. , Iodice E. , McDermid R. M. , Pinna F. , Sarzi M. , Viaene S. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Zhu L.
Published: March 2020

Globular clusters (GCs) are found ubiquitously in massive galaxies and due to their old ages, they are regarded as fossil records of galaxy evolution. Spectroscopic studies of GC systems are often limited to the outskirts of galaxies, where GCs stand out against the galaxy background and serve as bright tracers of galaxy assembly. In this work, we use the capabilities of the Multi Unit Explorer Spectrograph (MUSE) to extract a spectroscopic sample of 722 GCs in the inner regions (≲3 Reff) of 32 galaxies in the Fornax cluster. These galaxies were observed as part of the Fornax 3D project, a MUSE survey that targets early and late-type galaxies within the virial radius of Fornax. After accounting for the galaxy background in the GC spectra, we extracted line-of-sight velocities and determined metallicities of a sub-sample of 238 GCs. We found signatures of rotation within GC systems, and comparing the GC kinematics and that of the stellar body shows that the GCs trace the spheroid of the galaxies. While the red GCs prove to closely follow the metallicity profile of the host galaxy, the blue GCs show a large spread of metallicities but they are generally more metal-poor than the host.
Hypervelocity stars in theGaiaera
Authors: Kreuzer S. , Irrgang A. , Heber U.
Published: March 2020

The hypervelocity star (HVS) survey conducted at the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) identified 42 B-type stars in the Galactic halo whose radial velocity in the Galactic rest-frame exceeds +275 km s−1. In order to unravel the nature and origin of those high-velocity outliers, their complete six-dimensional phase space information is needed. To this end, we complemented positions and proper motions from the second data release ofGaiawith revised radial velocities and spectrophotometric distances that are based on a reanalysis of the available MMT spectra of 40 objects using state-of-the-art model spectra and a tailored analysis strategy. The resulting position and velocity vectors for 37 stars were then used as input for a subsequent kinematic investigation to obtain as complete a picture as possible. The combination of projected rotational velocity, position in the Kiel diagram, and kinematic properties suggests that all objects in the sample except two (B576, B598) are very likely to be main sequence stars. While the available data are still not precise enough to constrain the place of origin for 19 program stars, we identified eight objects that either come from the outer rim of the Galactic disk or not from the disk at all, along with ten that presumably stem from the Galactic disk. For almost all of those 18 targets with more or less well-constrained spatial origin, the Galactic center (GC) is disqualified as a possible place of origin. The most notable exception is B576, the origin of which coincides extremely well with the GC when assuming a blue horizontal branch nature for it. HVS 22 is by far the most extreme object in the sample. Although its origin is completely unconstrained, an ejection from the GC by the Hills mechanism is the most plausible explanation for its current Galactic rest-frame velocity of 1530−560+690km s−1.
L’utilisation de sols résiduels tropicaux dans la construction du barrage de Moreau (Guadeloupe)
Authors: Soulat Patrick , Bonnet Stephen , Le Floch Mathieu , Tardieu Bernard , Billaux Daniel , Carvajal Claudio , Rougier Géraldine , Pecker Alain
Published: March 2020

Le barrage de Moreau est un barrage en remblai actuellement en construction sur la commune de Goyave en Guadeloupe. Le barrage est fondé sur des roches résiduelles d’origine volcanique. Ces roches se sont formées sur place par altération in situ, c’est-à-dire sans transport. Cette altération, qui pénètre profondément dans la roche, est accélérée par la pluie et la température. L’altération produit des matériaux argileux en passant, à des stades d’altération intermédiaires, par des matériaux aux caractéristiques et aux comportements inhabituels, en particulier l’allophane, l’halloysite et la kaolinite. Dans le cas du barrage de Moreau, les matériaux résiduels sont proches de l’halloysite. Sensibles à l’eau, ils ont aussi été utilisés pour les remblais du corps du barrage. L’article traite du comportement peu courant de ces matériaux, de leurs caractéristiques géotechniques, et des particularités de leur mise en œuvre en remblai sur le barrage de Moreau.
Du temps figé du trauma au temps de la mobilisation psychique
Authors: Tordjman Sylvie
Published: March 2020

Le trauma vient faire effraction dans la vie psychique du sujet en y provoquant une rupture, et la perception du temps en est altérée. Le temps est arrêté, gelé sur l’événement traumatique. Les définitions du trauma seront dans un premier temps abordées en s’interrogeant, à partir de ces définitions, sur la contribution des médias au développement du trauma. Puis nous centrerons notre propos sur le temps figé du trauma et l’intérêt de convoquer le passé et le futur dans le processus thérapeutique afin de remettre en mouvement et continuité la temporalité du sujet. Plus précisément, la thérapie et le travail d’accompagnement du thérapeute permettront, entre autres, de passer d’un temps suspendu monophasique, où il est souvent nécessaire d’accueillir le sujet dans sa sensorialité et corporalité, à un temps dynamique multiphasique, où il redevient possible pour le sujet de se projeter dans le futur et se remémorer le passé. Le rôle de la mémoire collective et du groupe dans la (re)construction de la mémoire individuelle, d’une enveloppe contenante et de la conscience de soi sera aussi discuté. Enfin, le passage de l’effroi sensoriel au récit, du kyste sensoriel traumatique à l’élaboration psychique, du temps figé du trauma au temps de la mobilisation psychique, sera développé. Il est nécessaire de pouvoir disposer de divers outils thérapeutiques adaptés à ces différents temps. L’efficacité d’une approche thérapeutique dépendra de sa cohérence, tant pour le sujet que pour le thérapeute, dans le contexte de leurs temporalité, ressources et singularité, et de l’alliance thérapeutique qui pourra se développer.
Les Séminaires de Monteguidi
Authors: Taccani Simona
Published: March 2020

L'auteure présente le contexte dans lequel les séminaires de recherche psychanalytique avec Paul-Claude Racamier ont eu lieu en Italie durant de nombreuses années. Le cadre, le contenu et la saveur de ces réunions de travail constituent le fil de l'article. On peut y découvrir l'aspect novateur et original des concepts théorico-cliniques qui ont pu émerger à l'occasion de cette recherche collective : par exemple, la fonction du délire, les amalgames, l'incestualité...
Le travail de départ
Authors: Maitre Mélanie , Rebière Vincent , Dubos Laetitia , Diaz Jorge
Published: March 2020

Nous présentons dans cet article le travail de départ progressif qui a été mis en forme au sein du Centre psychothérapiquee de La Velotte. Il s'agit d'une séparation lente sur une durée maximale d'un an d'avec l'institution, qui rejoue le travail de différentiation d'avec la famille. Nous nous appuyons sur cette étape de la cure d'Alban en y montrant cliniquement les mouvements transférentiels et contre-transférentiels qu'il nous fait vivre.
Les enfants vague après vague dans les attentats...
Authors: Vila Gilbert
Published: March 2020

Le Trauma se caractérise par la répétition, tant dans sa sémiologie que souvent dans ce qui le provoque. Les contes, représentatifs d’une tradition ancienne transmise à travers les générations, témoignent de la répétition des événements amenant à l’événement apparemment inaugural. Ils peuvent servir de matériel thérapeutique pour les enfants, de même que les récits mythologiques ou l’exemple d’autres jeunes. Nous donnons quelques exemples de contes où apparaît la répétition et développons celui de « Barbe Bleue » comme particulièrement représentatif. Nous complétons cette notion de répétition amenant au psychotraumatisme par l’analyse critique de la littérature à travers les différentes méta-analyses sur les facteurs de risque chez l’enfant. Les facteurs péri- et post-traumatiques seraient prévalents. Les données issues du passé des jeunes patients pourraient être sous-estimées mais restent importantes en psychothérapie des jeunes victimes.
Choroidal Manifestation of Systemic Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Sinner Veronika , Rüesch Reinhard , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita
Published: March 2020

Purpose To describe choroidal findings associated with disseminated systemic non-mycobacterial infection.

Methods A retrospective observational case series included two patients (four eyes) with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. The activity of choroidal lesions was assessed by clinical examination, supported by colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, indocyanine green angiography, fluorescence angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. The relationships between clinical symptomatology, choroidal findings, and systemic disease activity were evaluated.

Results One subject diagnosed with aortic graft infection showed positive cultures for Mycobacterium chimaera. One HIV-positive subject showed a positive saliva culture for Mycobacterium avium. At presentation, all subjects showed chorioretinal manifestation. In one patient, the lesions were active and in the other patient, the lesions appeared inactive. With activity of disseminated chorioretinitis, the lesions had indistinct, blurred borders on fluorescence angiography and indocyanine green angiography and were hyporeflective with well-defined borders on OCT imaging.

Conclusion Multimodal imaging enables distinction between active and inactive lesions, thus supporting therapeutic management. Choroidal presentation of active disseminated mycobacterium infection indicates activity of systemic disease. Thus, even if the patient is not immunocompromised, an underlying systemic involvement should be ruled out.
α-Fluorination of Nitrobenzenes and Nitropyridines via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen
Authors: Greaney Michael F. , Al-Mkhaizim Fayez Y.
Published: March 2020

A highly selective C–H functionalization of nitrobenzenes and nitropyridines is reported using tandem vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) chemistry with electrophilic fluorination using Selectfluor®. The process generates tertiary benzylic fluorides in good yield under simple, mild conditions and short reaction times.
Perinatal Risk Factors Influencing Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Southern China: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Wang Junrong , Tao Enfu , Mo Miaojun , Ding Weimin , Yuan Junhui , Wang Min , Zheng Changhua , Zheng Haixiao
Published: March 2020

Objective In this study, our objective was to explore the relevant influencing factors of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Southern China and provide scientific basis for improving the quality of life for neonates.

Study Design A retrospective analysis of 306 cases with HIE neonates who were admitted during April 2015 to October 2017 was conducted. A total of 306 non-HIE patients admitted to the same hospital during the same period were also included as controls. The basic clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors for HIE were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results Univariate analysis showed that the differences in medicals during pregnancy, placenta previa, fetal distress during labor, cesarean section, amniotic fluid contamination, abnormal labor stage, and Apgar showed significantly different in the case group and the control group (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, abnormal labor stage, Apgar's score, amniotic fluid contamination, and cesarean section were independent risk factors for HIE.

Conclusion The placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, and abnormal labor stage can increase the risk of HIE. Early detection, early diagnosis, and treatment might make great achievement in improving the life quality of HIE neonates.
Time-dependent optimized coupled-cluster method for multielectron dynamics. II. A coupled electron-pair approximation
Authors: Pathak Himadri , Sato Takeshi , Ishikawa Kenichi L.
Published: March 2020

We report the implementation of a cost-effective approximation method within the framework of the time-dependent optimized coupled-cluster (TD-OCC) method [T. Sato et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148, 051101 (2018)] for real-time simulations of intense laser-driven multielectron dynamics. The method, designated as TD-OCEPA0, is a time-dependent extension of the simplest version of the coupled-electron pair approximation with optimized orbitals [U. Bozkaya and C. D. Sherrill, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 054104 (2013)]. It is size extensive, gauge invariant, and computationally much more efficient than the TD-OCC method with double excitations. We employed this method to simulate the electron dynamics in Ne and Ar atoms exposed to intense near infrared laser pulses with various intensities. The computed results, including high-harmonic generation spectra and ionization yields, are compared with those of various other methods ranging from uncorrelated time-dependent Hartree–Fock to fully correlated (within the active orbital space) time-dependent complete-active-space self-consistent field (TD-CASSCF). The TD-OCEPA0 results show good agreement with TD-CASSCF ones for moderate laser intensities. For higher intensities, however, TD-OCEPA0 tends to overestimate the correlation effect, as occasionally observed for CEPA0 in the ground-state correlation energy calculations.
Numerical aero-thermal study of high-pressure turbine nozzle guide vane: Effects of inflow conditions
Authors: Phan H. M. , Duan P. H. , Dinh C. T.
Published: March 2020

Accurate predictability of high-pressure turbine nozzle guide vane aero-thermal performance is highly desired in the development campaign due to the exposure of the component to a frequent and high heat load. In this paper, the representative vane profile in modern aero-engines is numerically studied. Aerodynamics and aero-thermal validations of the blade profile have been performed in comparison with the available experimental data. It has been shown that a satisfactory agreement could be achieved with the use of the transitional turbulence model shear stress transport γ–θ due to its superiority in capturing the laminar–turbulent transition. Sensitivity studies on the increase in the inlet turbulence intensity, inlet endwall boundary layer thickness, and inlet total temperature profile have been performed to understand the impact of inflow conditions’ uncertainty on the aero-thermal predictability. Increasing the inlet turbulence intensity increases the pressure surface heat transfer coefficient and induces an earlier transition onset on the suction surface. Due to the rapid decay of turbulence intensity in the numerical model, the use of an artificially high inlet turbulence intensity has been shown to be effective in the prediction improvement. On the other hand, the change in the inlet boundary layer thickness influences the formation and strength of the secondary flow, namely, horseshoe vortex and passage vortex. These secondary flow phenomena affect the local blade surface heat transfer coefficient in the near-endwall region although the most significant rise in heat transfer is found on the endwall. The temperature distortion amplitude of a hot streak and its relative clocking position with the vane significantly affect the heat flux distribution. In contrast, the heat transfer coefficient is less sensitive to the change in hot streak conditions. However, it has been shown that increasing the temperature distortion amplitude could induce a larger difference among different clocking configurations. In addition, decreasing the difference between the fluid and wall temperature would delay the transition onset and stabilize the boundary layer. Further analysis of the unsteady effects has been carried out by comparing the steady and time-averaged flow solutions. It has been observed that the discrepancy between these solutions is attributed to the flow field nonlinearity. Thus, a significant discrepancy can be found in the laminar–turbulent transition as well as in the trailing edge region. However, since the contribution of these regions on the total area-averaged heat transfer is small, their influence on the total vane heat transfer is limited.
The impact of treating graphene oxide with a pulsed high-frequency discharge on the low-temperature sorption of hydrogen
Authors: Dolbin A. V. , Vinnikov N. A. , Esel’son V. B. , Gavrilko V. G. , Basnukaeva R. M. , Khlistyuck M. V. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Meleshko V. V. , Rezinkin O. L. , Rezinkina M. M. , Cherednychenko S. V. , Kępiński L.
Published: March 2020

Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermoprogrammed desorption methods were used to study the effect of treatment with a pulsed high-frequency discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere on the morphology, structure, and sorption characteristics of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO). The TRGO treatment with pulsed gas discharge was shown to enhance the physical sorption of hydrogen by 1.5 times. It can be assumed that the increase in sorption capacity is due to a change in the distance between adjacent carbon surfaces in packets of graphene planes, due to the chemical interaction with the hydrogen ionized during the discharge.
The low-temperature specific heat of thermal reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Sumarokov V. V. , Jeżowski A. , Szewczyk D. , Dolbin A. V. , Vinnikov N. A. , Bagatskii M. I.
Published: March 2020

Measurements of heat capacity at constant pressure of thermally reduced graphene oxide (trGO) and graphite oxide (GtO) were performed in the temperature range from 1.8 to 275 K by thermal relaxation method. Above 15 K, the specific heat values of trGO and GtO are close to each other within 20%. Below 10 K, the ratio of the specific heat of trGO to the specific heat of GtO increases with decreasing temperature and reaches 5 at 2 K. It was found that the temperature dependence of the specific heat of trGO is of a complex character. There are temperature ranges in which of the specific heat of trGO is close to either linear or T2.5.
Shell properties play an important role in the stability of green quantum dots
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: March 2020

A comprehensive study reveals the structural requirements for achieving bright and stable green light-emitting quantum dots that exhibit suppressed blinking or photobleaching.
Shape-memory alloy transformations can be tuned to achieve desired characteristics
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: March 2020

By adding an engineered second phase to a shape-memory alloy, a 200% increase in the phase transformation temperature can be obtained.
Investigation on the flow-induced noise propagation mechanism of centrifugal pump based on flow and sound fields synergy concept
Authors: Guo Chang , Gao Ming
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the flow-induced noise propagation mechanism of centrifugal pump from the view of flow and sound field synergy concept. First, the unsteady synergetic relationship between flow and sound fields is deduced, and the synergy angle is defined to describe the synergy degree. It is shown that the domain-averaged synergy angle (θave) changes little with flow time, which implies that the synergy degree is basically unchanged with flow time. With increasing rotational speed or flow rate, the time-averaged θave (θtave) in the impeller and the volute moves far away from 90° gradually, i.e., the synergy degree increases. Meanwhile, the noise outside the pump increases, and the variation of both the noise outside the pump and θtave tends to be gradual. The results manifested that the flow-induced noise propagation mechanism of the centrifugal pump can be well described by the change in synergy degree and the increase in synergy degree can cause the noise tending to propagate outside. In addition, the impact of the blade outlet angle on the noise propagation characteristics is investigated. Considering the synergy degree in the impeller and the volute comprehensively, the deviation of θtave from 90° decreases from 6.48° to 4.74° as the angle increases from 15° to 35°, i.e., θtave tends to approach 90°, and the synergy degree decreases gradually, indicating that increasing the blade outlet angle can weaken the tendency of noise propagating outside by decreasing the synergy degree. These conclusions can guide noise control research and engineering design.
Organic solar cells probed with advanced neutron scattering techniques
Authors: Wienhold Kerstin S. , Jiang Xinyu , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: March 2020

Neutron scattering techniques provide unique insights into the active layer morphology of organic solar cells. The nanoscale morphology, the thin film vertical composition, and the intermixing on a molecular level, which all strongly have an impact on the performance of organic solar cells, can be probed with neutrons. In addition to the static structure, also fast dynamics occurring in the active material is accessible with neutrons. This perspective letter highlights the power of grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering and quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments after shortly introducing into the working principle of organic solar cells.
Exploring changes in water use patterns, demand and stress along the Nile River Basin through the lens of Kenya and Egypt
Authors: Mumbi Anne Wambui , Fengting Li
Published: March 2020

Noting the geopolitical implications of water demand and stress issues on water resources worldwide, this study investigated water demand, changes in water use patterns and water stress developments in the Nile Basin transboundary water resource by comparing Egypt and Kenya. Using an integrative literature review, the study summarises past research, drawing overall conclusions and highlighting unresolved issues. The findings demonstrate increased water withdrawals and a growing unmet demand in both countries. In addition to changing water use patterns towards municipal and industrial use, hydropower development in Kenya and navigation in Egypt are being driven by factors such as heightened upstream use, population growth and settlement patterns, economic development and climate change. In addition, spatial distribution of water stress was demonstrated, whereby downstream countries such as Egypt remain critically vulnerable, although upper riparian countries such as Kenya are gradually also facing emerging water stress problems. This water stress and its spatial distribution are being driven by supply–demand imbalances related to population growth and economic development, escalating upstream water use, deteriorating water quality, inefficient and ineffective water use and climate change. The findings inform a discussion of the crucial socioeconomic, geopolitical and policy implications for riparian countries in the Nile Basin and other transboundary water resources worldwide.
Dicer up-regulation by inhibition of specific proteolysis in differentiating monocytic cells
Authors: Basavarajappa Devaraj , Uebbing Stella , Kreiss Marius , Lukic Ana , Suess Beatrix , Steinhilber Dieter , Samuelsson Bengt , Rådmark Olof
Published: March 2020

Significance

Dicer is a ribonuclease III enzyme in biosynthesis of miRNAs, regulators of gene expression involved in macrophage differentiation. We found a specific truncation of Dicer in monocytic cells resulting from apparently constitutive cleavage by a serine protease. Inhibition of this proteolytic truncation, which occurred during macrophage differentiation in presence of TLR ligands or prostaglandin E
2
, up-regulates full-length Dicer and promotes miR biosynthesis. Regulation of transcription of pri-miRNA is one mode to regulate biosynthesis of mature miRNA. Inhibition of constitutive proteolysis of Dicer, as described here, provides a second layer of regulation, at the level of miRNA processing. Our data provide insights to Dicer and miRNAs in macrophage polarization/differentiation, a key process in the innate immune response.
Genetic and structural studies of RABL3 reveal an essential role in lymphoid development and function
Authors: Zhong Xue , Su Lijing , Yang Yi , Nair-Gill Evan , Tang Miao , Anderton Priscilla , Li Xiaohong , Wang Jianhui , Zhan Xiaoming , Tomchick Diana R. , Brautigam Chad A. , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Choi Jin Huk , Beutler Bruce
Published: March 2020

The small GTPase RABL3 is an oncogene of unknown physiological function. Homozygous knockout alleles of mouse
Rabl3
were embryonic lethal, but a viable hypomorphic allele (
xiamen
[
xm
]) causing in-frame deletion of four amino acids from the interswitch region resulted in profound defects in lymphopoiesis. Impaired lymphoid progenitor development led to deficiencies of B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in
Rabl3

xm/xm

mice. T cells and NK cells exhibited impaired cytolytic activity, and mice infected with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) displayed elevated titers in the spleen. Myeloid cells were normal in number and function. Biophysical and crystallographic studies demonstrated that RABL3 formed a homodimer in solution via interactions between the effector binding surfaces on each subunit; monomers adopted a typical small G protein fold. RABL3
xm
displayed a large compensatory alteration in switch I, which adopted a β-strand configuration normally provided by the deleted interswitch residues, thereby permitting homodimer formation. Dysregulated effector binding due to conformational changes in the switch I–interswitch–switch II module likely underlies the
xm
phenotype. One such effector may be GPR89, putatively an ion channel or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). RABL3, but not RABL3
xm
, strongly associated with and stabilized GPR89, and an
N
-ethyl-
N
-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation (
explorer
) in
Gpr89
phenocopied
Rabl3

xm

.
Language interference in English-Chinese simultaneous interpreting with and without text
Authors: Ma Xingcheng , Cheung Andrew K. F.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the effect of source language interference during English-Chinese simultaneous
interpreting (SI) with and without text by examining the relationships between manifestations of language interference and
interpreting modes. A corpus-based descriptive approach was used to investigate language interference during English-Chinese
interpreting at various sessions of the United Nations General Assembly. An intermodal comparison was carried out in three
dimensions, addressing (1) the general linguistic properties of the interpreted texts; (2) the distribution of reformulation
strategies; and (3) strategies for interpreting passive constructions and attributive clauses, two structures representing
structural asymmetries between English and Chinese. The results indicated that the interpreted texts produced by SI with text and
SI without text showed different degrees of language interference.
The use of indexicals to co-construct common ground on the continuum of intra- and intercultural communicative contexts
Authors: Dinh Hanh
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the roles of indexicals in explicating speakers’ intentions and constructing common ground (CG) in the context of a continuum with two extreme endpoints, the intracultural at one end, and the intercultural at the other, within the framework of the socio-cognitive approach proposed and developed by Kecskes (2008,2010,2014) andKecskes and Zhang (2009). Thirteen participants from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds were recruited to represent varying degrees on the intra- and intercultural continuum. They were divided into three groups: American English speakers, speakers from Asian countries (Korea, China, and Vietnam), and a group of speakers (China, Vietnam, Brazil, and America), each of whom represents linguistically and culturally different countries. Eight extracts were drawn from the data of up to three hours of recordings, including discussions on one topic, and retrospective interviews retrieving the speakers’ intentions for using deixis. The results reveal that the closer the interlocutors were towards the intercultural communicative context endpoint on the continuum, the more they employed four types of indexicals (person, location or spatial, temporal, and discourse deixis) as common ground construction strategies. Those strategies included the explicit manifestation of intentions, clarification, and confirmation of referent identification in actual situational context, elicitation of information, disambiguation and explanation of similar salient specifics in their home culture in an effort to sustain cooperative communication. This study enhances our understanding of different functions of indexicals in interactions on the intra- and intercultural continuum, which resulted from different levels of context interpretation and common ground.
Adding SNX to the mix: SNX9 drives filopodia biogenesis
Authors: Lebek Nadine M. , Campellone Kenneth G.
Published: March 2020

Filopodia are actin-rich protrusions important for sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, but the repertoire of factors required for filopodia formation is only partially understood. Jarsch et al. (2020. J. Cell. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201909178) combine an in vitro system of filopodia biogenesis with a phage display screen to show that SNX9 drives filopodial assembly.
The pre-M1 helix controls NMDA receptor gating
Authors: Short Ben
Published: March 2020

Researchers identify key residue in GluN2A subunit that may regulate channel opening by organizing a network of aromatic amino acids.
Consistency of a phase field regularisation for an inverse problem governed by a quasilinear Maxwell system
Authors: Lam Kei Fong , Yousept Irwin
Published: March 2020

An inverse problem of reconstructing the magnetic reluctivity in a quasilinear magnetostatic Maxwell system is studied. To overcome the ill-posedness of the inverse problem, we propose and investigate two regularisations posed as constrained minimisation problems. The first uses the total variation (perimeter) regularisation, and the second makes use of the phase field regularisation. Existence of minimisers, sequential stability with respect to data perturbation, and consistency as the regularisation parameters tending to zero are rigorously analysed. Under some regularity assumption, we infer a relation between the regularisation parameters that allows one to recover a solution to the original inverse problem from the phase field regularised problem. The second focus of the paper is set on the first-order analysis of both regularisation approaches. For the phase field approach, two types of optimality systems are derived through a weak directional differentiability result and the domain variation technique of shape calculus. As a final result, we show the convergence of the optimality conditions obtained from shape calculus, leading to a necessary optimality system for the total variation inverse problem.
A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part I: bibliometric and conceptual mapping
Authors: Wiedenhofer Dominik , Virág Doris , Kalt Gerald , Plank Barbara , Streeck Jan , Pichler Melanie , Mayer Andreas , Krausmann Fridolin , Brockway Paul , Schaffartzik Anke , Fishman Tomer , Hausknost Daniel , Leon-Gruchalski Bartholomäus , Sousa Tânia , Creutzig Felix , Haberl Helmut
Published: March 2020

As long as economic growth is a major political goal, decoupling growth from resource use and emissions is a prerequisite for a sustainable net-zero emissions future. However, empirical evidence for absolute decoupling, i.e. decreasing resource use and emissions at the required scale despite continued economic growth, is scarce and scattered across different research streams. In this two-part systematic review, we assess how and to what extent decoupling has been observed and what can be learnt for addressing the sustainability and climate crisis. Based on a transparent approach, we systematically identify and screen more than 11 500 scientific papers, eventually analyzing full texts of 835 empirical studies on the relationship between economic growth (GDP), resource use (materials and energy) and greenhouse gas emissions. Part I of the review examines how decoupling has been investigated across three research streams: energy, materials and energy, and emissions. Part II synthesizes the empirical evidence and policy implications (Haberl et al 2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15 065003). In part I, we examine the topical, temporal and geographical scopes, methods of analysis, institutional networks and prevalent conceptual angles. We find that in this rapidly growing literature, the vast majority of studies—decomposition, ‘causality’ and Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis—approach the topic from a statistical-econometric point of view, while hardly acknowledging thermodynamic principles on the role of energy and materials for socio-economic activities. A potentially fundamental incompatibility between economic growth and systemic societal changes to address the climate crisis is rarely considered. We conclude that the existing wealth of empirical evidence merits braver conceptual advances than we have seen thus far. Future work should focus on comprehensive multi-indicator long-term analyses, conceptually grounded on the fundamental biophysical basis of socio-economic activities, incorporating the role of global supply chains as well as the wider societal role and preconditions of economic growth.
A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights
Authors: Haberl Helmut , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Virág Doris , Kalt Gerald , Plank Barbara , Brockway Paul , Fishman Tomer , Hausknost Daniel , Krausmann Fridolin , Leon-Gruchalski Bartholomäus , Mayer Andreas , Pichler Melanie , Schaffartzik Anke , Sousa Tânia , Streeck Jan , Creutzig Felix
Published: March 2020

Strategies toward ambitious climate targets usually rely on the concept of ‘decoupling’; that is, they aim at promoting economic growth while reducing the use of natural resources and GHG emissions. GDP growth coinciding with absolute reductions in emissions or resource use is denoted as ‘absolute decoupling’, as opposed to ‘relative decoupling’, where resource use or emissions increase less so than does GDP. Based on the bibliometric mapping in part I (Wiedenhofer et al, 2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15
063002), we synthesize the evidence emerging from the selected 835 peer-reviewed articles. We evaluate empirical studies of decoupling related to final/useful energy, exergy, use of material resources, as well as CO2 and total GHG emissions. We find that relative decoupling is frequent for material use as well as GHG and CO2 emissions but not for useful exergy, a quality-based measure of energy use. Primary energy can be decoupled from GDP largely to the extent to which the conversion of primary energy to useful exergy is improved. Examples of absolute long-term decoupling are rare, but recently some industrialized countries have decoupled GDP from both production- and, weaklier, consumption-based CO2 emissions. We analyze policies or strategies in the decoupling literature by classifying them into three groups: (1) Green growth, if sufficient reductions of resource use or emissions were deemed possible without altering the growth trajectory. (2) Degrowth, if reductions of resource use or emissions were given priority over GDP growth. (3) Others, e.g. if the role of energy for GDP growth was analyzed without reference to climate change mitigation. We conclude that large rapid absolute reductions of resource use and GHG emissions cannot be achieved through observed decoupling rates, hence decoupling needs to be complemented by sufficiency-oriented strategies and strict enforcement of absolute reduction targets. More research is needed on interdependencies between wellbeing, resources and emissions.
Quantifying the health impacts of eliminating air pollution emissions in the City of Boston
Authors: Raifman Matthew , Russell Armistead G , Skipper T Nash , Kinney Patrick L
Published: March 2020

Cities around the world are taking action to limit greenhouse gas emissions through ambitious climate targets and climate action plans. These strategies are likely to simultaneously improve local air quality, leading to public health and monetary co-benefits. We quantify and monetarily value the health impacts of eliminating emissions from the City of Boston, and in doing so, highlight the importance of considering health impacts alongside environmental impacts of local climate action. We simulated at a 4 km resolution how the elimination of anthropogenic emissions from the City of Boston would impact air quality within a 120 km by 120 km study domain. We then estimated how this change in air quality would impact a number of annual health outcomes, as well as the associated monetary savings. We found that eliminating anthropogenic emissions from Boston would result in a decline in PM2.5 concentration across the entire study region ranging from 8.5 µg m−3 in Boston to less than 1 µg m−3 elsewhere in the domain. In addition, we estimate that summer ozone would increase for the Greater Boston Area and areas west, and decrease elsewhere. The monetary impact of the change in air quality on health is estimated to be a $2.4 billion per year savings across the full domain and $1.7 billion within Suffolk County only, about 1.4% of the gross domestic product of the county. These monetary impacts are driven primarily by reduced incidence of mortality. We estimate that 288 deaths would be avoided per year across the study domain from eliminating Boston anthropogenic emissions, about six deaths avoided, annually, per 100 000 people. Within Suffolk County, we estimate that 47 deaths would be avoided per 100 000 people, around 16% of all-cause premature mortality. We also found a net decrease in cardiovascular and respiratory illness. Across the study domain, these health benefits would be disproportionately conferred upon people of color.
Design and Fabrication of a Semi-Automatic Cassava Planter
Authors: Ale M O , Manuwa S I
Published: March 2020

A single-row semi-automatic cassava planter was developed at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The planter consists of a hopper, a roller-picker, cutting unit, a belt conveyor acting as the metering device, a double disc furrow opener, a double disc furrow coverer, a gear transmission system, the frame and the land wheels. The planter is driven by a tractor of 41 horsepower (30.6 kW). The field test showed that the semi-automatic cassava planter satisfied the functional requirements of a planter. The planter was found suitable at a functional efficiency of 95.45%. The evaluation of the performance of the planter to determine its relationship with the forward speeds, land preparation, and lug arrangement of rigid wheel will further be carried out. This development will reduce the cost of planting by eliminating the extra labour required behind the tractor by the presently available commercial planters. It will also increase cassava production, reduce the present drudgery in planting cassava as well as attracting the youths into agricultural production.
Development and performance assessment of piston-type briquetting machine
Authors: Ikubanni P P , Agboola O O , Olabamiji T S , Adediran A A , Anisere T , Oladimeji S
Published: March 2020

Biomass residues can become effective and efficient for clean energy utilization in rural and sub-urban areas when compacted as briquettes. This process of compaction is known as briquetting. In order to compact biomass into solid fuels, a piston-type briquetting machine was developed in this study. Mild steel was majorly used for the construction of the parts of the machine. A prime mover of 1.5 hp electric motor was used to drive the machine. In order to evaluate the performance of the machine, sawdust and rice husk were mixed in the ratios 94:6, 92:8, 90:10 and pure sawdust was also used with the help of the urea formaldehyde (UF) that serves as binder. The efficiency and capacity of the machine were 85.7% and 68.56 kg/h, respectively. From the result of the physical properties, the density (820 - 870 kg/m3), moisture content (5.76 – 12.09 %), drop to fracture (8 – 20 times) and water resistance (93.75 – 94.24 %) increased as the rice husk particles increased in the briquette while porosity decreased with increased rice husk particles in the briquette. Based on the results obtained, quality of compacted solid fuels that could withstand handling, transportation and storage challenges can be produced using the machine.
Some engineering properties and nutrient composition of selected pelletized fish feed in Nigeria
Authors: Erinle O C , Olalusi A P , Olayanju A T , Okunola A A , Ajao F O
Published: March 2020

This research work is aimed to study the engineering properties (Physical, Thermal and Mechanical), and nutritional qualities of selected pelletized fish feed in Nigeria. This is to provide a database of engineering properties of fish feed pellets in Nigeria, which can be required for further handling and processing operations. Three locally produced feeds in Nigeria (Kwara P1, Ondo P2, and Edo P3) were selected. The engineering properties analysed include unit density, bulk density, expansion ratio, colour, sinking velocity, water stability, water absorption index, water solubility index, pellet durability index, thermal conductivity, resistivity and diffusivity. The extrudates and pellets were subjected to nutritional composition analyses, which include: crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre, Potassium, Phosphorus and Calcium. The unit density, bulk density and expansion ratio of the pellets ranges from 407.08 – 518.36 kg.m−3, 267.33 – 271.93 kg.m−3 and 12.73 – 16.40 %, respectively. The pellet durability index and water stability ranges from 41.07 - 68.60 % and 12.40 – 35.96 mins but P2 had the highest expansion rate (25.55%). The Potassium, Zinc, crude fibre and thermal properties had no significant effect on the feeds at p-level of 5%. The data obtained from this study creates a reference line for the design and development of handling machines, and storage facilities.
Design and construction of an electrically powered coffee roasting machine
Authors: Ogunjirin O A , Odeniyi O M , Olubo A S , Farounbi A J , Ola O A , Adeleke S A
Published: March 2020

Coffee has been identified as a crop that has the potential to generate foreign earning for local investors but the cost of imported roasting machine is very high thus making it unaffordable for interested agripreneurs. This project detailed the development of coffee roaster using locally available materials thus reducing the cost of processing as well as achieving optimum quality. The roasting capacity of the roaster is 25kg. The roaster consists of a roasting drum, paddles on a speed reduction gear powered by electric motor, frame, cooling fan and cooling unit with control board unit. The roaster attained a temperature of 200°, 250° and 300°C in 5, 7 and 10 minutes respectively.
Selected Physio-Chemical Properties for the Processing of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale)
Authors: Olalusi A P , Ajayi O C , Erinle O C
Published: March 2020

Selected physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cashew apple were investigated which includes length, width, thickness, mass, volume, density, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction on plywood, glass, mild steel and stainless steel surfaces, compressive force required to rupture the cashew apple, energy to break, Youngs modulus. Cashew apple was found to have length of 6.49 cm, width of 3.81 cm and thickness of 3.58 cm, average moisture content of 85% wet basis. The mean values of coefficient of static friction on glass (0.29) was the highest while that of wood was the lowest, while the average value of angle of repose was 15.45°. The compressive force needed to rupture the cashew apple is 22.56N while the energy to break is 0.0025 J. The mean proximate compositions of the cashew apple were: pH (4.3), Vitamin C (123.5 mg/ml), Tannin (261.3 mg/ml), Total sugar (11.88 mg/ml), Fibre (4.1%) Protein (2.14 %). The mean mineral composition of the cashew apple has Potassium (69.7 ± 0.35 ppm) as the highest and the lowest of Zinc (0.06 ± 0 ppm). The properties stated constitute an important baseline for the design and development of various machines for handling and processing of the cashew apple.
Evaluating the different procedures for preserving fish in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Alonge A F , Ikrang E G , Wechie O L
Published: March 2020

A survey was carried out in all the twenty three (23) Local Government Areas of Rivers State to evaluate the different methods of fish preservation in the State. The required information was collected by the use of questionnaires and direct interviews with the fish farmers and traders. The study holds that gender difference influenced approach to fish business, and that respondents are faced with problems which include lack of record keeping and finance. Others are inability of the State Government to introduce modern methods of fish processing/preservation techniques and proper management of fish business. If these innovations are introduced to farmers, there will be improvement in production, curtail spoilage and boost fish preservation in Rivers State.
Assessment of water quality and identification of pollutants flowing into river musa using principal component analysis
Authors: Maina M M , Yunusa A
Published: March 2020

Available evidence shows that rivers in any water shed area acts as a carrier of various pollutants and affect water quality for various purposes. The main aim of this study was to assess and identify pollutants flowing into River Musa in Bida for irrigaton purpose. Canadian Council Water Quality index (CCWQI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used. Water quality data were collected at different five stations along the river in 2018 during rainy and dry seasons. Ten water quality parameters (temperature, PH, EC, Mg, Na, Iron, Mn, Calcium, Potassium and SAR) were determined in five stations for assessing annual water quality index.Annual average water quality index at five locations are (74.47,72.85, 64.69,47.02 and 51,56). The results showed that three location are marginal and the remaining of the two are fair.The PCA was used to identify three major pollutants flowing to the river to be industrial, municipal and erosion. The WQI of the river is marginal and the implication is that the river is thus poised threat to high yielding results.