bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NSABP B-04 trial 25 years later: lessons for oncologists
Authors: Kim A. Ya. , Markushin L. I. , Volchenkov S. A. , Osetnik V. K. , Sorokin P. I. , Matorina O. G. , Gavrilyukova A. A. , Gushchin V. V.
Published: September 2019

This critical analysis of the article of B. Fisher et al. “Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation” (2002) was written for physicians interested in learning how evidence based oncology has challenged the Halstedian model of breast cancer progression and the radical loco-regional treatment as the way to stop this progression. The 25-year update of the NSABP B-04 study is unique in its design and the remarkable length of follow-up. Our detailed analysis of the article provides an example how oncologists learn about biology of the disease, test the hypothesis of the metastatic spread of the tumor, and what the bases of the modern principles of loco-regional treatment of breast cancer are. Also, the modern clinical recommendations are written using similar systematic analysis of the available literature. The presented analysis explains the logic behind using various end-points. This analysis illustrates how the study helps to dismantle the stereotype that super radical surgical treatment of breast cancer was effective and to promote research in less aggressive loco-regional treatments of other tumors. To our knowledge this type of analysis has never been published before in Russian oncology literature.
Diagnostic significance of hormonal, biochemical and echographic methods of research in postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer
Authors: Garashova M. A. , Alieva E. M.
Published: September 2019

Objective: to determine the significance of hormonal, biochemical, echographic research methods in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Materials and methods. Fifty patients with endometrial cancer with varying degree of severity were examined. The average age of patients with endometrial cancer was 62.4 ± 1.0 years. The study of the prevalence of the tumor process made it possible to establish that the frequency of patients with stage I was 68 %, with stage II – 30 %, and with stage III – 2 %.

Results and conclusions. According to hormonal studies, the statistical significance of a decrease in the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (0.69 ± 0.09), an increase in prolactin levels (467.3 ± 35.1 ng/ml), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (92.9 ± 14.4 ng/ml), estrone (101.6 ± 6.29 ng/ml), progesterone (1.9 ± 0.52 ng/ml), as well as a decrease in estradiol (17.4 ± 3.4 pg/ml) and testosterone (0.5 ± 0.02 ng/ml) levels. According to echographic studies, a pathological increase in the thickness of the endometrium (24.9 ± 2.7 mm) was established with the background of increasing the size of the uterus and ovaries. Indicators of biochemical studies in patients with endometrial cancer in the postmenopausal period were within the range of physiological fluctuations.
Treatment of chronic pain syndrome of patients with advanced forms of uterine cervical cancer in ambulatory conditions
Authors: Burgoeva M. N.
Published: September 2019

The analysis of the effectiveness of the use of morphine sulfate tablets in chronic pain syndrome in 52 patients with advanced cervical cancer (stage III–IV), which were under our supervision in 2015–2016, is presented. To assess the intensity of pain, was used a visual-analogue scale. All patients had pain syndrome: 39 (75 %) patients had severe pain (4–6 points), and 13 (25 %) had very severe unbearable pain (7–10 points). In all cases, with regular use of morphine sulfate tablets and ancillary drugs, a good effect of therapy was achieved: in 39 (75 %) patients the intensity of pain decreased from 4–6 points to 0–3 points, and in 13 (25 %) patients – from 7–10 points to 4–6 points.
Effects of Storage Methods and Duration on the Microbial Composition and Load of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum [L.], Solanaceae) Fruits
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie
Published: September 2019

Tomato
is a widely cultivated fruit vegetable in Nigeria. They are valued for their
fruits, which are consumed fresh or processed. The method and duration of
storage have profound effects on the economic value and utilization of the
fruits. Therefore, this study was set up to investigate the efficacy of three
common storage methods (plastic basket, concrete floor and refrigeration at 4 oC)
by conducting microbial assessment. Freshly harvested fruits were sourced from
two locations in Benin City, Nigeria and stored for a period of four weeks. Microbial composition and load was determined
using standard laboratory techniques initially (on the first day) and every
week afterwards. Results showed that the microbial load increased with
prolonged storage. Tomato fruits stored in plastic basket had the highest mean
total microbial count (132 × 105 CFU/mL), whereas those stored in the refrigerator had the least
(3 × 105
CFU/mL).
The common microorganisms isolated from the stored fruits include the fungi; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus, Penicillium spp., and
yeast cells as well as the bacteria; Staphylococcus
sp. E. coli, Salmonella and Enterobacter
spp. These results suggest that refrigeration will extend the shelf life of
tomato fruits and minimize the rate of spoilage due to microbial composition
and load
Efficiency Relationship of LED Parameters in Solid State Lighting
Authors: CENGİZ Mehmet Sait
Published: September 2019

In
this study the power, power factor, correlated color temperature (CCT), color
rendering index (CRI), lux values measured from 0.75 m distance, LED lamp
temperatures and changes in the currents of 6 LED lamps, which are most
commonly used and directly connected to the network are experientially
recorded. The effects seen from the very start and 1 hour later, on LED lamps
were compared in terms of temperature, current, and lux values. The high
temperature values on the LED were seen to have adverse effects on the
efficiency of the LED lamp.
New Approximate Formula for the Arrhenius Temperature Integral by Using Incomplete Gamma Functions
Authors: KOÇ Hüseyin , ESER Erhan
Published: September 2019

A
new analytical formula for the Arrhenius integral has been proposed by using
incomplete gamma functions, which is simple, accurate and reliable. The
proposed formula has compared with several published the Arrhenius integral
approaches, and is in agreement with the other approaches. Compared with the
other approximate formulas proposed in the literature, our proposed method
gives more accurate values in the precision of the activation energy as a
function of x and temperature.
Causes and management of bleeding during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Xu Ming , Wu Weiqiang , Yang Zengqiang , Gao Feng
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the causes of bleeding during laparoscopic colorectal surgery and the measures to solve it are discussed. 386 cases of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in our hospital from January to December 2015 were selected. There were 17 cases of bleeding during surgery, which accounted for 4.4% of the total amount. 2 cases were converted to laparotomy, and 15 cases were surgery via laparoscopy. In the surgical process, improper surgery, lack of good laparoscopic anatomical structure of the cognitive level, and congenital anatomic variation may have caused the accidental bleeding during surgery. Corresponding measures should be taken to stop accidental bleeding.  
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Based on Cross- Correlation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems
Authors: Kazemian Mohsen
Published: September 2019

Three of the most important techniques of Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are Partial Transmit Sequence PAPR (PTS-PAPR), Selected Mapping PAPR (SLM-PAPR) and Cross-Correlation-PTS. This paper performs a complete analysis on these three techniques providing simulation and discussion of their performance on PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER). Moreover, the comparison of these methods by using Saleh model amplifier in an OFDM system is provided. The results show that PTS-PAPR outperforms the Cross-Correlation-PTS in terms of PAPR performance while Cross-Correlation-PTS method is more efficient in BER reduction compared to PTS-PAPR and SLM-PAPR.
Extreme long survival of a patient operated with uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Jósa Valéria , Zaránd Attila
Published: September 2019

Leiomyosarcomas of the uterus are rare tumours that recur and metastasize early. Adjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy has not been proven effective in treating it. The most successful therapeutic approach seems to be repeated surgical resection and removal of metastases. The authors presented a case of a female who had metastases resections, both from the abdomen and thoracic cavity, for a total of 10 times following hysterectomy due to leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. The patient is still alive 23 years later following the first surgery. 
The effects of preoperative milk drinking on gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Moazeni- Bistgani Mohammad
Published: September 2019

One of the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is gallbladder perforation during surgery. Fasting before surgery causes gallbladder distention, which may increase the chance of iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during LC. A fatty meal stimulates endogenous cholecystokinin release and, consequently, the gallbladder contraction. This study evaluates the effects of preoperative milk drinking on gallbladder distention and iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during LC. This study was performed on patients who were candidates for elective LC in a university hospital from March 2011 to March 2012. 260 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The case group drank 300 mL of cold full-fat pasteurized cow’s milk, while the control group drank 300 mL of cold water as the placebo, six hours before LC surgery. Data were collected in a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, t-test, and ANOVA analysis. In the 260 patients, despite a lack of significant differences in demographic and risk factors for gallbladder perforation between the two groups, both distention and gallbladder perforation rates were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.001 and, P = 0.032, respectively). Thus, drinking cold full-fat pasteurized cow’s milk before LC surgery can reduce gallbladder distention and, consequently, the risk of gallbladder perforation during LC.
Application of New Energy Natural Gas in Ship Engineering
Authors: Yang Zhennan , Pei Liqun , Zhu Jinsheng
Published: September 2019

Traditional ships are mainly fueled by diesel or gasoline, which are produced from the oil and are non-renewable. People are now rapidly consuming oil and burning oil generates poisonous gases day and night. Because of the soaring oil prices and the deteriorating ecology, many ship-owners are seeking an alternative energy to replace oil. Among all possible candidates, the calling of natural gas is getting higher and higher. This paper discusses the application of natural gas in ship engineering, and explains in detail the advantages and disadvantages. Natural gas may not be a new energy but has rarely been used in ship engineering so far. We conclude that its application in ship engineering helps to alleviate the fuel shortage in the future. 
Diagnosing ovarian masses by using nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Zhang Erning
Published: September 2019

In the research, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study and diagnose ovarian tumour. A total of 80 ovarian tumour patients who were admitted to the hospital from February 2014 to May 2016 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 in the case group and 40 in the control group. The case group used NMR whereas the control group utilized B-mode ultrasound to compare the characteristics of tumor masses, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the clinical diagnosis afterwards. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and characteristics of tumour masses by NMR were 95.84%, 94.75%, 90.92%, and 100%, respectively, which were apparently higher than   those of the B-mode ultrasound scanning (64.28%, 77.78%, 75.08%, and 70.83%, respectively). Difference of each index among the four between the two methods was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, NMR is superior to ultrasound in diagnosing ovarian tumour. 
Clinical study of endoscopic mucosal resection for digestive tract early cancer and precancerous lesions treatment
Authors: Peng Huiji
Published: September 2019

The clinical effect of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) on the digestive tract of early cancer and precan-cerous lesions was analyzed. 63 patients with early gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions treated in our hospital from January 2013 to May 2015 were recruited for this study. Patients were randomly divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (31 cases). The control group underwent conventional surgical treatment, while  the observation group underwent EMR. Both groups were observed for the clinical effect. The curative resection rate was 100.0% (P > 0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 3.1% (1/32) in the observation group and 25.8% (8/31) in the control group. The operation time for the observation group was significantly shorter than the control group (P < 0.05). Subjects were followed up for 1 year. Both groups showed no primary tumor metastasis and recurrence (P > 0.05). EMR treatment showed good effect and significantly fewer complications in patients. 
NPK Fertilization at Planting for Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Santos César Ferreira , Dias Geann Costa , Do Carmo Pinto Sheila Isabel , Leite Paulino da Cunha , E Silva Konrad Passos
Published: September 2019

Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) is an Andean shrub species that produces sugary fruits.The cultivation of this species is recent, thus, aspects related to soil fertilization for it still need to bestudied. The objective of this work was to define the rates of NPK fertilizer applied at planting thatmeet the requirements of physalis crops. The experiment was conducted at Institute Federal of MinasGerais (IFMG), Campus Bambuí, from February 25 to November 23, 2015. A completely randomizeddesign was used, with 8 treatments and 6 replications, totaling 48 experimental units. The treatmentsconsisted of N, P2O5, and K2O rates (kg ha-1), using urea (45% N), monoammonium phosphate(9% N and 44% P2O5), and potassium chloride (58% of K2O). Morphological and bromatologicalcharacteristics and fruit production were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance andthe means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The NPK rate that generates the higherfruit production and greater savings is 1200 mg dm-3 of N, 3600 mg dm-3 of P2O5, and 2400 mgdm-3 of K2O, and the NPK rate that results in greater morphological development is 1600 mg dm-3 ofN, 4800 mg dm-3 of P2O5, and 3200 mg dm-3 of K2O.Keywords: Cape gooseberry. Mineral nutrition of plants. Soil fertility. Production.
Folha de Rosto e Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Agrogeoambiental Revista
Published: September 2019

Folha de Rosto e Ficha Catalográfica
Expediente
Authors: Agrogeoambiental Revista
Published: September 2019

Expediente
DIÁLOGOS EM HUMANIDADES
Authors: Andrade Roberta Ferreira Coelho de , Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

Neste terceiro número do volume 2 (2019) da Revista Relações Sociais fazemos uma reflexão sobre dois temas fundamentais, o Nordeste e o Mundo do Trabalho. Parece lugar comum, no entanto, são debates ricos que nos remetem a uma reflexão necessária sobre a vida, a sobrevivência, a desigualdade social, a miséria e a exploração. O Corpo Editorial e seus colaboradores acreditam que nunca é suficiente retomar a reflexão sobre o mundo da vida e o mundo do trabalho, sobre aqueles a quem a dignidade lhe foi tirada e para aqueles que vivem do trabalho (ANTUNES, 2002). Não temos outro instrumento que nos permita contribuir com as transformações de uma sociedade tão desigual, injusta, a não ser abrindo espaço, dando vez e voz aos autores que se dispõem a refletir sobre este país e seu povo, tão lindo e tão cinza ao mesmo tempo, um país amordaçado em sua potência de ser justo e igualitário, mas, apesar de todos os pesares, tem em suas veias a tenacidade do homem nordestino que, para Cunha (1985), é antes de tudo um forte. Neste volume trazemos temas interessantes, que nos conectam a pensadores, cantadores, poetas, como José de Alencar, José Lins do Rego, Ariano Suassuna, Belchior, Geraldo Azevedo, Zé Geraldo, Luiz Gonzaga, Patativa do Assaré, Cora Coralina e tantos outros que, com seus escritos, poesias e músicas, registram a beleza, a singularidade, a riqueza, a pobreza e o sofrimento do nordestino, do homem que rega com suas lágrimas a terra para que dela possa brotar o seu pão de cada dia. Este volume, como o “fio de Ariadne” traz um liame com o mundo do trabalho que esperamos contribuir para transformações em uma sociedade tão desigual, injusta e opressora; um caminho a ser seguido, um enigma a ser solucionado, uma “quimera” a ser derrotada, sejamos como Teseu, o herói grego que venceu o labirinto do Minotauro, seguindo o “fio de Ariadne”, sua amada.
O PENSAR E O AGIR EM JOSUÉ DE CASTRO: DILEMAS E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO NORDESTE AÇUCAREIRO
Authors: De Medeiro Inã Cândido
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho versa sobre o pensar e o agir de Josué de Castro como forma de auxiliar na compreensão sobre os dilemas nacionais para lidar com o fenômeno da fome, sobretudo no Nordeste brasileiro. Ao lado do tema relativo às questões alimentares e à fome, Castro procurava destacar os aspectos fundamentais das possíveis estratégias de desenvolvimento. Seu pensamento ganhou relevância com a disseminação do debate sobre o desenvolvimento no âmbito nacional iniciado no final da década de 1940. O fio condutor do argumento do intelectual pernambucano passava pela defesa de um desenvolvimentismo social e humanista, antes que apenas focado no crescimento econômico. A partir da análise do pensamento político e social de Josué de Castro, busca-se identificar quais seus principais pressupostos analíticos, diagnósticos e estratégias desenvolvimentistas apresentadas com vistas à solução para o flagelo da fome, particularmente do Nordeste açucareiro, da Zona da Mata.  Para o autor, essa região sofria os efeitos negativos de séculos de colonização ibérica pautada na exploração agrícola, no latifúndio e na monocultura. A pretensão é reconhecer através da obra Geografia da fome e do diálogo com outros intelectuais, o conteúdo da formulação de Castro, além de suas continuidades e inflexões referentes aos seus escritos ao longo de sua trajetória. Assim, a retomada do pensamento de Josué de Castro se mostra relevante não somente devido a sua importância socio-histórica, mas pelo motivo da persistência dos problemas e desafios para o desenvolvimento do Nordeste e do Brasil, os quais tornam atuais suas ideias e seus projetos.
Investigation of Corrosion Resistance of Cold Metal Transfer Welded AA7075 Aluminum Alloy Galvanized Steel Couples
Authors: DURMUŞ Hülya , ÇÖMEZ Nilay
Published: September 2019

Corrosion is the degradation of
the metal as a result of chemical reactions with its surroundings. However,
corrosion can be predicted, in some cases significantly slowed down or
prevented. In this study, the effect of galvanic corrosion formation on the tensile
strength of AA7075-galvanized steel joints produced by cold metal transfer
welding, which is one of the manufacturing methods used in forming many
constructions, was investigated. The aluminum and steel pair are difficult to
combine with other welding methods. Joining is provided by this method.
Corrosion in this joining was investigated in this article. As a result,
increased heat input during welding adversely affected galvanic corrosion and
increased material dissolution.
Kazıcı Yükleyici Makineler için Kazıcı Kepçe ile Çalışan Hidrolik Bir Çene Tasarımı ve Denenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Yusuf Ziya , USTA Yusuf
Published: September 2019

Günümüzde birçok farklı inşaat işlerinin
tamamlanabilmesi için kazıcı yükleyici makinelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu
makineler önünde farklı yükleme işleri için yükleyici mekanizma grubu,
arkasında ise farklı kazı işleri için kazıcı mekanizma grubu bulundurmaktadır.
Yapılacak iş grubuna göre de farklı tip yükleyici ve kazıcı ataşmanları
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kazıcı yükleyici makinelerin kazıcı tarafında
kullanılan ve malzemelerin kavranarak yer değiştirilmesi ilkesine göre çalışan
bir hidrolik çene mekanizması tasarlanmış ve prototip imalatı yapılmıştır. Bu
tasarım ile makine üzerinde tahribata gerek olmayarak montaj edilebilen, amaca
ve malzemeye göre ucu değiştirilebilen, ucun ters montajı yapılarak riper
ataşmanı olarak da kullanılabilen mekanizma geliştirilmiştir. Tasarımı
tamamlanan ataşmanın analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, yapılan prototip üzerinde
testler uygulanmış, böylece tasarım doğrulaması yapılarak uyumu incelenmiştir.
Polak-wojownik. Wzorzec polskiego mężczyzny – mit czy rzeczywistość?
Authors: Olejnik Karol
Published: September 2019

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii o charakterze kulturowym. Jest próbą konfrontacji mitu o szczególnej waleczności Polaków z rzeczywistością historyczną, która od tego stereotypu jest odległa. Ponadto rozważania dotyczą przyczyn ukształtowania się takiego mitu i jego stałej obecności w kulturze narodowej Polaków.
Podpułkownik Rudolf Ksieniewicz (1898–1940) – kawaler Orderu Virtuti Militari i ofiara zbrodni katyńskiej. Przyczynek do biografii
Authors: Stefański Marek
Published: September 2019

Artykuł przedstawia sylwetkę ppłk. Rudolfa Ksieniewicza, jednego z oficerów wojska Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Urodzony na estońskiej wyspie Dago, po przeprowadzce z rodziną zamieszkał w głębi Rosji. Aby ulżyć finansowo rodzicom, wstąpił do armii rosyjskiej. Pnąc się po szczeblach kariery, został w końcu jednym z organizatorów Wojska Polskiego na Syberii. W wyniku walk dostał się do niewoli bolszewickiej, w której pozostawał do października 1921 r. W wolnej Polsce kontynuował karierę wojskowego, osiągając stopień podpułkownika i stanowisko I zastępcy dowódcy 45 pułku piechoty w Równem na Wołyniu. W 1939 r. po mobilizacji 13 Dywizji Piechoty pozostał w Równem, którego został komendantem garnizonu. Po wkroczeniu Armii Czerwonej 17 września dostał się do niewoli i wiosną 1940 r. został zamordowany przez Sowietów w bliżej nieznanych okolicznościach.
Sylwetki oprawców więzienia na Radogoszczu w świetle relacji naocznych świadków
Authors: Jadczyk Karol
Published: September 2019

Miejscem, które odegrało czołową rolę w niemieckich planach eksterminacyjnych mieszkańców Łodzi i rejencji łódzko-kaliskiej, było więzienie na Radogoszczu, zlokalizowane na obrzeżach miasta, w byłej fabryce włókienniczej Samuela Abbego u zbiegu ulic gen. Józefa Sowińskiego i Zgierskiej. Załogę więzienia na Radogoszczu stanowiło kilkudziesięciu (od 57 do 83) wachmanów, którzy z nielicznymi wyjątkami odznaczali się wyjątkowym sadyzmem, bijąc niemal na każdym kroku i znęcając się w okrutny sposób nad więźniami. Oprócz komendanta więzienia Waltera Pelzhausena w tym nieludzkim procederze prym wiedli dwaj komendanci zmiany wachmańskiej: Józef Heinrich „Józio”, „krwawy Józio” i Józef Flescher „Rolowany” oraz pseudo-lekarz więzienny Bruno Mathäus vel Matuszewski, nazywany przez więźniów „sanitariuszem Mateuszem”. Ci trzej członkowie załogi radogoskiego więzienia stosowali wyjątkowo wyszukane metody udręczania więźniów. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej autor przedstawia rys historyczny więzienia na Radogoszczu, w drugiej dokonuje charakterystyki jego załogi, w trzeciej zaś, na podstawie relacji byłych więźniów, skupia się na nakreśleniu sylwetek trzech największych radogoskich oprawców. Kluczowym materiałem źródłowym stały się w tym wypadku rękopiśmienne i publikowane wspomnienia oraz obszerne zeznania więźniów złożone w ramach śledztwa przeprowadzonego przez Okręgową Komisję Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu znajdujące się w Archiwum Oddziałowym Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Łodzi.
Jak podstawa programowa kształcenia ogólnego w polskiej szkole podstawowej ujmuje umiejętność oceniania jako kompetencję ucznia?
Authors: Starnowski Artur
Published: September 2019

W artykule tym analizuję obowiązującą w Polsce podstawę programową kształcenia ogólnego w szkole podstawowej. Analiza ta ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na ryzyko, że w polskiej szkole podstawowej umiejętność dokonywania przez ucznia takich ocen, które mogą być intersubiektywnie prawomocne, ograniczana jest do weryfikacji względem narzuconych mu zasad lub wartości. Ograniczenie to, jak sugeruję, stanowi przeszkodę dla możliwego rozwoju umiejętności oceniania u ucznia.
Komentarz do opublikowanego projektu podstaw programowych nauczania etyki w szkole podstawowej
Authors: Figiel Wiktor , Krajna Andrzej , Kuczyńska Katarzyna , Małkiewicz Elżbieta , Ostrowski Wojciech , Piątek Krystian , Pobojewska Aldona , Reut Maria , Wachowiak Sebastian , Wróblewski Paweł , Zwiernik Jolanta
Published: September 2019

Tekst jest komentarzem do projektu podstaw programowych nauczania etyki, opublikowanego przez MEN w 2016 roku w związku z reformą szkolnictwa. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na mankamenty projektu: zawężanie przedmiotu etyki do wyuczonych norm zachowania, nadmierny nacisk położony na przyswajanie wiedzy pojęciowej, brak miejsca na praktyczne rozwijanie zdolności refleksji poprzez dyskusje i sytuacje problemowe. Wskazują na niedostosowanie programu do psychoemocjonalnego poziomu rozwoju uczniów na tym etapie kształcenia, a także brak spójności między poszczególnymi punktami projektu.
Identificación y clonación de tres genes endógenos que pueden conferir resistencia a patógenos en cítricos incluyendo CLas y CTV
Authors: Ventura-Medina Pedro Iván , Gutiérrez-Espinosa María Alejandra , Febres Vicente , Mora-Aguilera Gustavo , Robledo-Paz Alejandrina
Published: September 2019

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), agente causal del huanglongbing (HLB), y el Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) constituyen amenazas para la citricultura mexicana por su condición endémica en cítricos agrios de algunas regiones del pacífico y de focos recientes de razas severas, respectivamente. La identificación y clonación de genes relacionados con la Resistencia Sistémica Adquirida (RSA) de la planta podrían coadyuvar como parte de una estrategia de manejo integrado. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar construcciones con genes específicos inherentes a la planta como primera etapa en la generación de plantas transgénicas resistentes a CLas. Los genes seleccionados con base a la respuesta de cítricos a una amplia gama de patógenos, fueron AZI-1, 1-inductor del ácido ‘Azelaic’ y CsNDR-1, 1-resistencia no específica a enfermedades en cítricos, ambos genes reguladores de la señalización del ácido salicílico (SA), y el gen asociado con la síntesis de proteína 1 relacionada con la patogenicidad (PR-1). Los tres genes (AZI-1, PR-1 y CsNDR-1) se insertaron independientemente en pUC118-FMV-Poly-2-1. Posteriormente estos tres genes fueron subclonados individualmente en el vector pCAMBIA 2301, mientras que en pCAMBIA 2201 se clonó el gen AZI-1. La clonación de los genes en los vectores pCAMBIA2301 y pCAMBIA2201 permitió incorporar a las construcciones un gen de selección de transformación (35S-nptII-35S) y un gen reportero (35S-GUS-NOS). La construcción CsNDR-1 fue clonada en las cepas EHA5 y AgL1 de Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Los genes AZI-1 y PR-1 no se lograron integrar a estas cepas de Agrobacterium. Estas construcciones representan el primer paso para generar cítricos transgénicos como una alternativa para enfrentar a CLas y CTV.
Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguides Technique
Authors: Malallah Ra'ed , Cassidy Derek , Wan Min , muniraj inbarasan , Healy John , Sheridan John
Published: September 2019

In this paper, first the Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) process in wet photopolymer media (liquid solutions), are examined for three examples: single-, counter-, and co-fibers exposure. Then the SWWs formed inside solid material are examined including the effects of manipulating the alignment of the fibers. In all cases high precision measurements are used to position the fiber optic cables (FOCs) before exposure using a microscope. The self-writing process is indirectly monitored by observing (imaging) the light emerging from the side of the material sample during SWW formation. In this way the optical waveguide trajectories formed in an Acrylamide/Polyvinyl Alcohol (AA/PVA) a photopolymer material (sensitized at 532 nm) are examined. First the transmission of light by this material is characterized. Then the bending and merging of the waveguides which occur are investigated. The predictions of our model are shown to qualitatively agree with the observed trajectories. The largest index changes taking place at any time during the exposure, i.e. during SWW formation, are shown to take place at the positions where the largest exposure light intensity is present. Typically, such maxima exist close to the input face and the first maximum is referred to as the location of the Primary Eye. Other local maxima also appear further along the SWW and are referred to as Secondary Eyes, i.e. deeper within the material.
Effect of Variable Saturation Exponent Upon the Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Saturation
Authors: Worthington P. F. , Pallatt N.
Published: September 2019

Petrophysical measurements on effectively clean, desaturated core plugs from different fields have shown that the assumption of a constant saturation exponent for a given sample is frequently violated, although the conventional bilogarithmic distribution of resistivity index - water saturation data is often approximately linear. These variations in saturation exponent are attributed to the effects of pore geometry, in particular the non-uniform distribution of electrolyte within a heterogeneous pore system as desaturation progresses. The data indicate that, if unrecognised, a variable saturation exponent can induce errors of over 10 saturation units in the petrophysical evaluation of water saturation. Procedures are outlined for the identification of those physico-chemical reservoir conditions which can give rise to a variable saturation exponent, and for accommodating these variations in reservoir evaluation.
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ): Research Proposal for Translation and Validation into Sinhala Language among a Lankan cohort of women.
Authors: Patabendige Malitha
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a Sweden origin, self-administered questionnaire to assess birth satisfaction of women in different aspects of their first labour and birth. It measures four main domains of the woman’s childbirth experience. Those are own capacity, professional support, perceived safety and participation, comprising of 22 items.
Objectives: To conduct a linguistic translation, to conduct a validation study and to assess the psychometric properties of the Sinhala version of the CEQ.
Genomic analysis of avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from diseased chicken
Authors: Papoušková Aneta , Masaříková Martina , Valček Adam , Šenk David , Čejková Darina , Jahodářová Eva , Čížek Alois
Published: September 2019

Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause various extraintestinal infections in chicken, resulting in massive economic losses in poultry industry. Apart from that, some avian E. coli strains may have zoonotic potential, making poultry a possible source of infection for humans. Due to its extreme genetic diversity, this pathotype remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of colibacillosis-associated E. coli isolates from Central European countries with a focus on the Czech Republic.Results Out of 95 preliminarily characterized clinical isolates 32 isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing. A multiresistant phenotype was detected in a majority of them and the predominant resistance to lactams and quinolones was widely associated with TEM-type beta-lactamase genes and chromosomal gyrA mutations, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed a great diversity of isolates, that were derived from nearly all phylogenetic groups, with predominace of B2, B1 and C phylogroups. Clusters of closely related isolates within ST23 (phylogroup C) and ST429 (phylogroup B2) indicated a long-term local spread of these clones. Besides, the ST429 cluster carried bla CMY-2, -59 genes for AmpC beta-lactamase and isolates of both clusters were generally well-equipped with virulence-associated genes, with considerable differences in distribution of certain virulence-associated genes between phylogenetically distant lineages. Other important and potentially zoonotic APEC STs were detected, incl. ST117, ST354 and ST95, showing several molecular features typical for human ExPEC.Conclusions The results support the concept of local spread of virulent APEC clones, as well as of zoonotic potential of specific poultry-associated lineages, and highlight the need to investigate the possible source of these pathogenic strains.
The Correlation Analysis between the Oxford Classification of Chinese IgA Nephropathy Children and Renal Outcome -A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Heyan , Xia Zhengkun , Gao Chunlin , Zhang Pei , Yang Xiao , Wang Ren , Wang Meiqiu , Peng Yingchao
Published: September 2019

Background The 2016 Oxford Classification's MEST-C scoring system predicts outcomes in adults with IgA nephropathy, but it lacks large cohort validation in children with IgAN in China. We would like to verify that the MEST-C score can be used to predict the renal outcome of children with IgAN.Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of data from 1243 Chinese children with IgAN who underwent renal biopsy in Jinling Hospital from 2000 to 2017 was performed and investigated with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),24h urine proteinuria(24h-UP)and blood pressure(BP) at biopsy and during follow-up.The renal pathology was based on Oxford Classification of IgAN.Results We confirm that BP was significantly correlated with mesangial hypercellullarity(M), endocapillary hypercellularity(E), tubular atrophy/ interstitial fibrosis(T) and crescents (C) .There was a significant correlation between eGFR and segmental glomerulosclerosis(S), T and C .24h-UP and all pathological indexes were significantly correlated. S and T were shown to be independent risk factors associated with renal outcomes in our group. Kaplan-Meier revealed that M [log-rank, chi-squared(χ2)=14.679, P=0.000 ], S(χ2=31.508,P=0.000),T (χ2=78.893, P=0.000),C(χ2=16.603, P=0.000) were associated with renal outcome.In univariate analyses, M(HR 2.167, 95% CI, 1.445~3.251, P = 0.000),S(HR 3.081, 95% CI, 2.038~4.658, P = 0.000), T(HR 7.911, 95% CI, 4.670~13.400,P = 0.000) and C(HR3.346, 95% CI, 1.818~6.156,P = 0.000) lesions were significant predictors of renal outcome. In a multivariate analysis, only S(HR 2.742, 95% CI, 1.805~4.164,P = 0.000) and T(HR 6.633, 95% CI, 3.897~11.289,P = 0.000)were shown to be independent risk factors .Conclusions We found that S and T lesions were valid in predicting a poor outcome in our group.E, S, T and C lesion were important basis for doctors to choose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of IgAN, while T and C lesion were often the basis for doctors to use RAS blockers cautiously.
Modified percutaneous Kirschner wire with mutual linking technique in proximal humeral fracture: a technique note and preliminary results
Authors: Chang Hao-Ming , Lee Pei-Yuan , Su Wei-Ren , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: September 2019

Background: The percutaneous pinning technique (PPT) with multiple Kirschner wires (K-wires) is one of common surgical options in proximal humeral fractures. However, complications including pin migration and loss of reduction have been re-ported. We aimed to describe a novel technique employing modified percutaneous pin-ning with mutual linking for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures, which may decrease such complications. Methods: 6 patients (5 female, 1male ; mean age 60.1 years) received close reduction and the modified percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation with mutual linking technique. All wires were removed about 6 weeks postoperatively followed by progressive reha-bilitation. We used following radiograph to evaluate bony union, wires migration, and fragment displacement. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using range of motion of af-fected glenohumeral joint, a 1-10 visual analog score (VAS), UCLA shoulder rating score (UCLA), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES). Outcomes were evaluated during the 2-month follow up and at the final follow up. Results: All cases were followed-up after an average of 12.6 months (range, 12-13.5 months). The mean of anterior forward flexion of the injured shoulder were 152.5 degrees (range, 145-160 degrees) during the 2-month follow up and 166.7 degrees (range, 150-180 degree) at the final follow up respectively. The means of the VAS, UCLA score, and the ASES of the injured shoulders were 0.3 (range, 0-1), 31.8 (range, 27-34), and 92.4 (range, 82-100) respectively. No wire migrations or fracture displacements were noted in our cases. There were also no deep infection, nonunion, implant failure, or avascular necrosis of the humeral head observed during the follow-ups. Conclusions:With this modified percutaneous Kirschner wire mutual linking technique, minimal invasive approach could be achieved and additional stability was provided by mutually linking the wires to reduce pin migration and fracture displacement in proximal humeral fracture.
Combination of ultrasonic elastography and Ki-67 index as a novel predictive modality for the prognosis in clinic stage III breast cancer
Authors: Du Rui , Shu Weiwei , Chen Baoding , Zhang Xin , Wu Xincai , Shang Mengyuan , Zhang Zheng , Wang Zhongqun , Zhang Hao , Li Yuefeng
Published: September 2019

Background To investigate the feasibility of combination of ultrasonic elastography (UE) and Ki-67 index as a novel predictive modality for the prognosis of clinic stage Ⅲ breast cancer. Methods Of 112 patients, Multi-parameter of UE were obtained after analyzing elastograms of 112 lesions which were recorded classification of Ki-67 by histopathologic diagnosis. Multivariate Survival analysis was performed by using multivariate Cox model. The nomograms was established to predict the probability of clinic stage Ⅲ breast cancer according to the selected independently significant variables in the multivariate Cox model. The model was internally validated using Harrell’s concordance index. Results ⅢC had significant difference in all ultrasonic elastography (UE) parameters (P < 0.05) and were statistically different from ⅢA and ⅢB (P < 0.01). The Cox model was RR (t)= Exp(1.104* X1+0.901*X4+0.972*X5) (X1: classification of Ki-67, X4: classification of strain ratio, X5: classification of Young's modulus). The nomogram showed that Ki-67 had the greatest influence on survival prediction, followed by Young's modulus and strain ratio. Internal validation revealed a concordance index of 0.76. Conclusions Our study explored a novel modality in predicting the prognosis of clinic stage Ⅲ breast cancer combining a tumor marker with breast UE imaging. A nomogram was developed to prove that the model was helpful to estimate the 5-year survival of the patients.
Comparison of mood disorder screening scales in geriatric oncology: THYMOG study results
Authors: Boudin Guillaume , Laviec Heidi Solem , Ghewy Lauriane , Machavoine Jean Luc , Denhaerynck Julie , Morello Remy , Beauplet Bérengère
Published: September 2019

Background: Early and systematic depression screening is recommended for older patients with cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of three different mood disorder screening scales for detection of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in older patients with cancer. Methods: A prospective multicentric study was conducted in patients with cancer over 70 years of age, comparing three self-administered questionnaires: the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression (HADS-D) and the Distress Thermometer (DT). Three weeks after initial assessment, in case of score above the standard cut-off, a reassessment of the patient’s mood was performed by the primary care physician, using the DSM-V MDD diagnostic criteria and the DT. Potential differences between an abnormal mood screening test and a confirmed MDD was assessed using variance analysis for each screening scale. Results: 93 patients with an average age of 81 years [70 - 95 years] were included. 66 patients had at least one abnormal score on one of the screening scales. A MDD was confirmed for 10 of the 36 reassessed patients (28%). Abnormal screening by the GDS-15 (p=0.021), the HADS-D (p=0.018) and the DT (p=0.045) was significantly associated with MDD diagnosis. Conclusions: The three screening scales enabled detection of MDD in older patients with cancer. Among the tested scales, the HADS-D could perform best in detecting MDD. However, these screening scales may not be sufficiently reliable for MDD screening in this population. Further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Women’s knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Weng Qiao , Jiang Jie , Haji Fatma Mrisho , Nondo Lamlet Hassan , Zhou Huaijun
Published: September 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in Tanzania. Knowledge and willingness of cervical cancer screening are important determinants of prevention services. This study aimed to describe women's awareness about cervical cancer and to explore the attitudes, acceptability and barriers toward cervical cancer screening in Zanzibar, Tanzania, in order to help organizing the forthcoming China-Zanzibar cervical cancer screening program. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2018, involving 1483 women who responded to questionnaires concerning general demographic characteristics, screening willingness and awareness of cervical cancer from 10 districts in Zanzibar. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, rank sum tests and stepwise multiple regression were conducted using STATA 15.0 software. Results : The average Total Knowledge Scores(TKS) was 7.83±5.32 on a 23 scale. Education level and family income were positively correlated with TKS (Coef=1.075, 95% CI=0.687-1.462 and Coef=0.810, 95% CI=0.262-1.358 respectively). Previous schistosomiasis history (OR = 24.140, 95% CI= 3.306-176.266) and family genetic disease history (OR = 3.140, 95% CI= 1.644-5.997) were strong predictors of free screening. Women were less likely to be screened freely if they had 7 or more deliveries (OR = 0.300, 95% CI= 0.150-0.598) and were unknown about previous family tumor history (OR = 0.381, 95% CI= 0.218-0.665). As for non-free screening, age and education level were negatively associated while family income was positively associated with willingness to uptake non-free screening; divorced or widowed marriage and unawareness about previous family tumor history were predictors of reluctance to screening while previous disease history was the strong predictor of non-free screening uptake. Among 129 women who were reluctant and 50 who were uncertain to participate in the free screening, 51.4% thought it was unnecessary, 18.44% showed obvious fear and 20.67% were worrying about extra infection. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the knowledge of cervical cancer was poor. Education level, family income and awareness of previous disease history were the significant influencing factors of screening uptake. Specific awareness programs to increase knowledge and willingness to uptake screening should be designed and implemented in the public without delay.
The IBER study: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder.
Authors: steel Craig , Wright Kim , Goodwin Guy , Simon Judit , Morant Nicola , Taylor Rod , Brown Michael , Jennings Susie , Hales Susie , Holmes Emily
Published: September 2019

Background Anxiety is highly prevalent in people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), and can persist between acute episodes of mania and depression. Recent studies indicate that people with BD are prone to experiencing frequent, intrusive and emotional mental images which further fuel their levels of anxiety and mood instability. These intrusive emotional mental images represent a specific target for treatment for this disorder with the potential to reduce anxiety and improve mood stability. A new brief structured psychological intervention for BD called Imagery Based Emotion Regulation (IBER) has been developed, which translates experimental work in the area of imagery and emotion into a skills training programme to improve the regulation of intrusive and distressing emotional mental images in BD. A feasibility trial is required in order to assess whether a full randomized controlled trial is indicated in order to evaluate this approach.Methods The design is a two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 randomisation stratified by trial site and minimised on medication status and anxiety severity. Participants are 60 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and experiencing at least a mild level of anxiety. Sites are defined by the geographical boundaries of two NHS Trusts, with recruitment from NHS teams, GP surgeries and self-referral. The intervention is up to 12 sessions within 16 weeks of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation. The comparator is NHS standard care. The primary aim is to assess the feasibility of conducting a powered multi-site RCT to evaluate effectiveness. Measures of anxiety, depression, mania, mood stability and health care use will be conducted at baseline, end of treatment and at 16-weeks follow-up.Discussion This is the first feasibility trial of an imagery based intervention for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder. If the trial proves feasible, a large multi-site trial will be required.