bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of amitraz-based products characteristic to control varroa mite population
Authors: ALMECIJA Gabrielle , POIROT Benjamin , MIELGO Paulo , WATKINS Max , SUPPO Christelle
Published: December 2023

The presence of the mite, Varroa destructor, requires the use of acaricide treatments in most honeybee colonies. Amitraz is one of the most common acaricide substances used by beekeepers. Some Varroa mite populations have developed resistance to amitraz leading to a loss of efficacy of amitraz-based treatments. Two products, Apivar and Supatraz were applied in the same apiary. Both treatments are amitraz-based but have a different galenics. Thanks to field data, a dynamic model was used to simulate the action of Apivar and Supatraz on the mite population. We consider two parameters to compare the products: daily mortality rate and treatment duration. In the field, the percentage of efficacy between the two products was not significantly different but Supatraz kills mite faster and decreases 90% of the mite infestation in 28.4 days compared to 50.9 days for Apivar. Thanks to modelling, we showed the daily impact of the two different products on mite population. Supatraz has a higher daily mortality rate during the first two weeks than Apivar. Supatraz requires a lower efficacy to stabilize the varroa mite population due to its faster release of active ingredient than Apivar, needing a shorter period to achieve the same result. Depending on the model, Supatraz conserve a good efficacy for low resistant mites but not for high resistant mites. These results show that the comparison of the efficacy of two products with different characteristics (duration of treatment and daily mortality rate) should be analyzed with caution.
Analisis Manajemen Arsip Dinamis Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bandung
Authors: Arlla Yesifa Maharani , Sukaesih Sukaesih , Kusnandar Kusnandar
Published: December 2023

Archives are a collection of documents that contain information and have useful value for a certain period of time. Every information institution, especially in the archives sector, needs to have archive management, including recording, storage, maintenance and depreciation. The Bandung City Library and Archives Service as an information institution should have good archive management. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting this research to find out how archives are managed and the obstacles experienced by the Bandung City Library and Archives Service. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods and data collection methods through observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The research conclusion is that archive management at the Bandung City Library and Archives Service is in accordance with Law Number 49 of 2009 concerning archives, starting from creation, storage, maintenance and depreciation. However, in its management the Library and Archives Service still has obstacles, such as a lack of human resources and a lack of infrastructure in the form of space to accommodate archives.
Pemanfaatan E-Book sebagai Sumber Informasi Digital di UPT Perpustakaan UIN Alauddin Makassar
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Tawakkal Tawakkal , Basri Muhammad Nur Ikhsan , Hidayatullah Fauzan , Majidah Majidah
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the utilization of digital collections (e-books) as a source of information at the Library UPT of Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar and the challenges faced in their utilization. The study adopts a descriptive approach with a qualitative method. Primary data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from 2 librarians and 10 library users. Data processing and analysis techniques involved data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the utilization of digital collections (e-books) at the Library UPT of Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar has been implemented. There are 435 active members and a total of 7,800 readers utilizing the library's digital collection (e-books). Factors influencing the utilization of digital collections (e-books) include user needs, user interest, and the completeness of the collection. The digital collection (e-books) have significantly contributed to supporting academic tasks and thesis writing, providing easy access without restrictions of time and space. With a collection of 1,764 digital titles, the information needs of users are well fulfilled through the provided digital collection (e-books). More library users utilize digital collections (e-books) compared to printed books. However, challenges faced by users in the utilization of digital collections (e-books) include a lack of promotion by the library to users, inadequate network infrastructure, and a time-consuming registration process. To enhance the utilization of digital collections (e-books), the library needs to improve effective promotion to users, address network issues, and expedite and simplify the registration process. By taking these steps, it is expected that users will find it easier and more convenient to utilize the digital collection (e-books) as a source of information at the Library UPT of Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar.
Pemanfaatan Tesaurus dalam Pembelajaran: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Azzahrawaani Zhafirah , Agustina Susanti
Published: December 2023

The learning process uses many foreign terms and synonyms, so various media are sometimes used in the learning process to provide understanding related to a term. One of them is a thesaurus commonly used to provide meanings and similarities in words so that students know the meaning and synonyms of the terms. A thesaurus is a list of words that have the same meaning and are arranged lexicographically. This study aims to determine thesaurus research trends in the realm of education or learning and the use of thesaurus as a learning medium and learning support. A systematic search of study literature was conducted based on the PRISMA framework. The population of this study is scientific articles indexed by Scopus with a span of the last five years that discuss related to thesaurus and education. Analysis of the literature revealed that thesaurus can be used as an additional learning medium to improve student understanding. Thesaurus development in each branch of science is needed because the thesaurus as a learning tool can support students understanding of the concentration of science they choose.
Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Perpustakaan Pusat Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Melalui Kerja Sama Perpustakaan IAIN Salatiga
Authors: Helmi Rabani Rafi , Prijana Prijana
Published: December 2023

Problems in libraries can be overcome one way by collaborating between libraries. Collaboration can be carried out by any type of library, including state university libraries. College libraries have the same functions as libraries in general and the functions included in the Tri Dharma of Higher Education include education, research and community service. The development of library resources at the Central Library of the Indonesian Education University is carried out in collaboration with the Salatiga State Islamic Institute Library. This research aims to find out what cooperation looks like, how cooperation is carried out, and what are the challenges in carrying out collaboration between the two libraries. The research method used is a qualitative research method and data collection techniques in the form of interviews with the Head of the Library Services Division of the UPI Central Library. The research results show that the cooperation carried out is cooperation in the field of information services and is bound by a memorandum of agreement with six scopes of cooperation. Several challenges were found, namely in terms of busyness of library managers, permission from the head of the library, and budget in carrying out collaboration. There are several scopes that cannot be realized in the implementation of cooperation. This cannot be used as a barrier to working together, but is a motivation for both parties because the priority is service to users.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN OLEH WARGANET PADA UNGGAHAN INSTAGRAM TERKAIT KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MENGENAI TES PCR
Authors: Mahayana I Made Astu , Putri Dewa Ayu Dyah Pertiwi , Saskara I Gede Sandi Haris
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the impoliteness strategies or those used by netizens on Instagram uploads related to government policies regarding PCR tests. This research was conducted because according to a survey conducted by the Digital Civility Index (DCI), Indonesian netizens were ranked first as disrespectful netizens in Southeast Asia. One of the causes of the emergence of impoliteness is caused by government policies that are not in favor of the people in terms of making decisions during the pandemic, one of which is the policy of implementing PCR. Therefore, this research is considered interesting to do. This research is a qualitative type of research using a descriptive approach. The data source of this research is the netizen's comments on Instagram uploads that discuss government policies related to PCR tests. In collecting data, additional instruments were used, namely gadgets, notebooks, and stationery. In addition, the data from this study were obtained from netizens' comments on Instagram social media uploads related to government policies regarding PCR tests. Through this research, it was found that in three Instagram uploads regarding government policies related to the PCR test, they contained several impolite strategies, 1) Bald On Record Impoliteness; 2) Positive Impoliteness; 3) Sarcasm/Mock Impoliteness; and 4) Multiple Impoliteness. Among the four impoliteness strategies, negative impoliteness is the dominant strategy used by netizens in the comment’s column. This shows that many people are disappointed and dissatisfied with the government's new policy regarding PCR.
PENERJEMAHAN ADAPTASI SUBTITLE LAGU DALAM ALBUM TABASSAM YANG DIPOPULERKAN OLEH MESUT KURTIS
Authors: Abnah Amelia , Suparno Darsita , Nisa Mauidlotun
Published: December 2023

This study aims to translate songs popularized by Mesut Kurtis in the Tabassam Album. The data of this research are six songs (Tabassam - تَبَسَّمْ, Rouhi Fidak - روْحِيْ فِدَاكْ, Ghar Hira - غَار حِرَاء, Ataytu Bithanbi - أَتَيْتُ بِذَنْبِيْ, Farha - فَرْحَةُ, dan Adnani - عَدْنَانِي) by using the adaptation translation method. After the song is translated, then edited using the VN (Video Editor) application, the video karaoke system is uploaded to the Youtube application. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. The results of this study are that the adaptation translation that is carried out is more inclined to adapt aspects of Indonesian language literature by choosing a diction with the same vowel or consonant sound at the end of the song's stanza for example ‘Kenapa kau mempersulit hidupmu sendiri?’ then the next line, ‘Putus asa dan bersedih hati’, both end in the vowel -i. Therefore, in the context of translating this tabassam album, the researcher adapted it by harmonizing the rhymes or the final sound because in this context it describes the Prophet Muhammad and Allah SWT who are universal, so there are no different cultural elements in this song.
ENGLISH TEACHERS' ABILITY IN WRITING JOURNAL ARTICLES IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Djatmika Djatmika , Santosa Riyadi , Wiratno Tri , Sugarti Rara , Wibowo Agus Hari , Sugiarti Tati , Rudiansyah Rudiansyah , Lianisyah Ulfah Yanuar , Adika Dimas
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted to study the language skills of English teachers of senior high schools in Sragen Regency in composing a journal article for publication in Bahasa Indonesia. This is aimed to see the quality of Bahasa Indonesia skills of the teachers in the article even though they have an English education background and they are English teachers at present. Members of the High School English Teachers Association in the regency were involved in the research. A questionnaire consisting of 45 statements was distributed to the teachers. They were asked to give responses and then the collected responses were analysed to see their language quality related to the process of article production. Furthermore, they were also asked to write a journal article in Bahasa Indonesia, and the collected manuscripts were then analysed for their text structure and text texture. The results show that they do not have good knowledge and language skills in identifying as well as producing texts of certain types. Furthermore, they also got problems positioning what type of text to which part of a journal article. This condition indicates that the teachers still need an upgrading program for their language skills to compose a journal article, and in addition, they need others to give a hand during the process of article writing
OPTIMIZATION OF THE AUCTION DURATION IN THE PRESENSE OF TIME-DEPENDANT COSTS
Authors: Melnikov Oleg
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the influence of the duration of auctions or tenders on the expected gain of their organizer. Extending the duration of bidding affects auction results in two ways. On the one hand, it allows attracting a larger number of participants to the auction, and the competition between them increases the chances of the auctioneer to get a better price. On the other hand, delaying bids delays the receipt of money (for auctions) or required goods or services (for tenders), and time has value in itself. The influence of these two factors, which act in opposite directions, suggests the existence of an optimal duration of the bidding process. The paper develops a mathematical model of bidding, which formalizes these considerations and provides an algorithm to determine their optimal duration. The arrival of bidders willing to participate in the auction is modeled as a Poisson process. Each participant is characterized by his own assessment of the value of the object put up for auction. These estimates are assumed to be independent identically distributed random variables drawn from some parametric distribution. Under these assumptions, Myerson's revenue equivalence theorem makes it possible to predict the expected results of the auction as a function of the number of bidders, regardless of the auction rules. On this basis, it is possible to compare the benefits and costs associated with changing the duration of time for accepting applications for participation in bidding, which makes it possible to determine its optimal value. The obtained optimality conditions have a meaningful and intuitive economic interpretation. For practical applications, the use of Monte Carlo methods based on the empirical distribution of bid and ask prices is proposed. The practical implementation of the proposed algorithm can improve the economic performance of the auctioneer, which is especially relevant for the public sector of the economy.
A METHOD FOR EVALUATING EXPLANATIONS IN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM USING POSSIBILITY THEORY
Authors: Chalyi Serhii , Leshchynskyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The subject of the research is the process of generating explanations for the decision of an artificial intelligence system. Explanations are used to help the user understand the process of reaching the result and to be able to use an intelligent information system more effectively to make practical decisions for him or her. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for evaluating explanations taking into account differences in input data and the corresponding decision of an artificial intelligence system. The solution of this problem makes it possible to evaluate the relevance of the explanation for the internal decision-making mechanism in an intelligent information system, regardless of the user's level of knowledge about the peculiarities of making and using such a decision. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: structuring the evaluation of explanations depending on their level of detail, taking into account their compliance with the decision-making process in an intelligent system and the level of perception of the user of such a system; developing a method for evaluating explanations based on their compliance with the decision-making process in an intelligent system. Conclusions. The article structures the evaluation of explanations according to their level of detail. The levels of associative dependencies, precedents, causal dependencies and interactive dependencies are identified, which determine different levels of detail of explanations. It is shown that the associative and causal levels of detail of explanations can be assessed using numerical, probabilistic, or possibilistic indicators. The precedent and interactive levels require a subjective assessment based on a survey of users of the artificial intelligence system. The article develops a method for the possible assessment of the relevance of explanations for the decision-making process in an intelligent system, taking into account the dependencies between the input data and the decision of the intelligent system. The method includes the stages of assessing the sensitivity, correctness and complexity of the explanation based on a comparison of the values and quantity of the input data used in the explanation. The method makes it possible to comprehensively evaluate the explanation in terms of resistance to insignificant changes in the input data, relevance of the explanation to the result obtained, and complexity of the explanation calculation. In terms of practical application, the method makes it possible to minimize the number of input variables for the explanation while satisfying the sensitivity constraint of the explanation, which creates conditions for more efficient formation of the interpretation based on the use of a subset of key input variables that have a significant impact on the decision obtained by the intelligent system.
Cascade control of electrical drives of a pumping station based on an astatic fuzzy regulator
Authors: Bosak Alla , Toropov Anton , Dubovyk Volodymyr , Toropova Liliia , Bodnaruk Oleksii
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the main features of cascade pressure control in a water supply system with a controlled and additional uncontrolled pumps. The disadvantages of the existing control systems are formulated and it is proposed to control the pump station electric drives using correction of speed of the controlled pump depending on the mode of operation of the uncontrolled pump. A simplified mathematical model of the pressure control loop was developed, with the representation of the switching on of the additional pump as a disturbance effect of an aperiodic behavior. At the same time, the control algorithm of the additional pump is described in the form of unequivocal nonlinearities based on single step and signature functions, which allows to significantly simplify its implementation in the case of using microprocessor devices. To reduce the impact of disturbances in transient operating modes, namely when the additional pump is switched on, it is proposed to use the speed correction component for the main pump in the control algorithm. To avoid the formation of a static error, it is suggested to use a pressure regulator with integral component. Next, a refined mathematical model in the MATLAB environment was developed and an investigation of system operation using proportional-integral-derivative controller of pressure main pump speed control was carried out. It was determined that using of correction component allows to increase the accuracy of pressure control, but does not allow to compensate the presence of transport delay and nonlinearities of the system. Therefore, as a pressure regulator of the hydraulic system output, a combined astatic fuzzy regulator based on a proportional-integral control algorithm is used. The main difference of such a regulator is the automatic change of the gain factor when the error changes, which prevents the occurrence of unstable modes with large coefficients of the open system. The developed fuzzy control system provides a lot of benefits, such as increasing the reliability of the water supply network, improving the performance of the water supply system for consumers, reducing the wear and tear of pumping equipment, and reducing electricity consumption, which is confirmed by the results of numerical modeling.
Digital measurement device for monitoring the main characteristics of the power grid
Authors: Petrovskyi Mykhailo Vasylovych , Nesterenko Bohdan Ihorovych , Diahovchenko Illia Mykolaiovych , Zhurba Viacheslav Olehovych
Published: December 2023

During the operation of various equipment in electrical grids, there is a deviation from the rated voltage value, as well as continuous changes in current and power consumption. In this case, there is a requirement for regular monitoring of the power grid main parameters, which can be used to make decisions on optimizing the operation of its components. To solve this task, the research analyzed the methods and equipment for measuring the main indicators of the electrical grid, developed a measurement methodology and created a digital measuring system for monitoring the main indicators of a single-phase electrical grid with a voltage of 220 V using the PIC18F2525 microcontroller from Microchip. To measure the phase angle between the voltage and current signals, the signal crossing detection scheme Zero Crossing Detector with comparators is used. The program code was written in Microchip's MPLAB X IDE using the XC8 compiler of the C++ programming language and lists of basic functions for calculating the parameters of the electrical grid are given. The proposed device measures the root mean square value of voltage and current; total, active and reactive power; power factor and frequency of the input voltage. The measuring system allows real-time determination of the main characteristics of the power grid with an effective voltage value up to 280 V and an effective current value up to 50 A and their visualization on a symbolic LCD display. The article demonstrates the operation of the device in the programs for simulating electronic circuits NI Multisim and Proteus Design with different types of loads: resistive, resistive-inductive, and resistive-capacitive.
Graphene in cementitious materials
Authors: Ucak-Astarlioglu Mine , Burroughs Jedadiah , Weiss Charles , Klaus Kyle , Murrell Stephen , Craig Samuel , Shannon Jameson , Moser Robert , Wyss Kevin , Tour James
Published: December 2023

This project aims to determine the influence of laboratory-generated graphene (LGG) and commercial-grade graphene (CGG) on the chemical structure and compressive strength of graphene-cement mixtures. Determining the graphene-cement structure/processing/property relationships provides the most useful information for attaining the highest compressive strength. Graphene dose and particle size, speed of mixing, and dispersant agent were found to have important roles in graphene dispersion by affecting the adhesion forces between calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels and graphene surfaces that result in the enhanced strength of cement-graphene mixtures. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were used to determine chemical microstructure, and compression testing for mechanical properties characterization, respectively. Based on observed results both LGG and CGG graphene cement mixtures showed an increase in the compressive strength over 7-, 14-, and 28-day age curing periods. Preliminary dispersion studies were performed to determine the most effective surfactant for graphene dispersion. Future studies will continue to research graphene—cement mortar and graphene—concrete composites using the most feasible graphene materials. These studies will prove invaluable for military programs, warfighter support, climate change, and civil works.
Optimization of a Rapid Chromatographic Method for Separation and Determination of Titanium Simultaneously with Iron in Different Geological Samples using Ion Chromatography
Authors: Elgammal Entesar Mohamed , Ahmed Sherien Hussien , Yousef Walid Mohamed , Masoud Ahmed Masoud
Published: December 2023

In the present research, a selective and rapid chromatographic method has been optimized for the separation and determination of the novel characterized element titanium simultaneously with iron using High Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC) by CS5A analytical column. Under the optimum conditions, isocratic elution of Ti(IV) and Fe(III) was performed within 7 minutes using 7mM pyridine-(2,6)-dicarboxylic acid eluent at pH of 1.9 and flow rate of 0.9 mL/min where UV detection was adjusted at wavelength of 308 nm. The recommended optimized procedure was also directly applied throughout two geological samples from Gabal El Sela and Aswan, Egypt.
Charting Coexistence: Patterns and Predictors of Human-Elephant Conflict in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shameer Thekke Thumbath , Routray Priyambada , Udhayan A. , Ranjan Nihar , Ganesan Manikka Govindan , Manimozhi Arulmani , Kumari Dhayanithi Vasantha
Published: December 2023

The relentless exploitation of natural resources and encroachment leads to conservation challenges such as human-elephant conflicts (HEC). Managing HEC requires a multifaceted approach encompassing habitat management, community engagement, and mitigation strategies. To address this concern, we undertook an extensive study spanning forest divisions of Tamil Nadu to gain insights into the patterns and predictors of HEC. We collected data from secondary resources and field surveys for five years (2016-21). Our analysis encompassed a division-wise, crop-wise, and conflict-wise assessment, temporal analysis and conflict risk modelling. We observed that certain divisions, notably the Hosur Division and particular forest ranges, especially the Denkankottai range, exhibited a higher frequency of conflicts. Furthermore, conflicts were most pronounced during December. Our investigation also identified the primary crops susceptible to elephant damage, with raagi being the most affected, particularly during December. The model predicted medium and high conflict risk areas as 14806 km2 and 2140 km2, respectively. The annual mean atmospheric temperature was the most significant variable in predicting conflict risk, followed by the Human Modification Index and Digital Elevation Model. Areas with higher conflict risk were closer to forest cover, croplands, roads, and water bodies. These regions typically had lower terrain ruggedness, higher human modification, lower temperatures, and taller vegetation. Thus, this study serves as a cornerstone for comprehending HEC patterns in Tamil Nadu. It provides valuable insights to develop a better and more efficient management plan to mitigate HEC and foster coexistence between humans and elephants in the region.
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit T-cell proliferation by synergistic IDO and mitochondrial transfer mechanisms
Authors: Pochon Cécile , Perouf Romain , Bertrand Allan , Notarantonio Anne-Béatrice , Charif Naceur , Bittencourt M. De Carvalho , Fouquet Guillemette , Cauchois Ghislaine , Voisin Charlotte , Bensoussan Danièle , Emond Patrick , Sartelet Hervé , Moulin David , de Isla Natalia , D'Aveni Maud , Rubio Marie-Thérèse
Published: December 2023

BackgroundWharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord that may have therapeutic potential in immune-related diseases. In the context of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, WJ-MSCs represent a good candidate for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis and treatment.MethodsHerein, we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanisms of WJ-MSCs, produced at clinical grade according to our Good Manufacturing Practice,in vitroand in an experimental GVHD xenogeneic mouse model.ResultsWe observed that repeated injections of IFN-γ-primed WJ-MSCs increased recipient survival and reduced histological GVHD scores while transiently colocalizing with T cells. We then demonstrated that WJ-MSCs were able to inhibit T-cell proliferationin vitrothrough indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and mitochondrial transfer to T cells. Our results suggest that these processes act synergistically, since IDO is needed for the optimal effect of WJ-MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer on T-cell metabolism, which is characterized by a switch from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation.ConclusionOverall, our data indicate that IFN-γ-primed WJ-MSCs are able to control GVHD by reprogramming the metabolism of T cells, and we report for the first time a synergistic interplay between IDO and contact-dependent mitochondrial transfer, providing new insights for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Deep Learning Application of Vertebral CompressionFracture Detection using Mask R-CNN
Authors: Paik Seungyoon , Park Jiwon , Hong Jae Young , Han Sung Won
Published: December 2023

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) of the thoracolumbar spine are commonly caused by osteoporosis or result fromtraumatic events. Early diagnosis of vertebral compression fractures can prevent further damage to patients. When assessingthese fractures, plain radiographs are used as the primary diagnostic modality. In this study, we developed a deep learningbased fracture detection model that could be used as a tool for primary care in the orthopedic department. We constructed aVCF dataset using 487 lateral radiographs, which included 598 fractures in the L1-T11 vertebra. For detecting VCFs, MaskR-CNN model was trained and optimized, and was compared to three other popular models on instance segmentation, CascadeMask R-CNN, YOLOACT, and YOLOv5. With Mask R-CNN we achieved highest mean average precision score of 0.58, andwere able to locate each fracture pixel-wise. In addition, the model showed high overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy,indicating that it detected fractures accurately and without misdiagnosis. Our model can be a potential tool for detecting VCFsfrom a simple radiograph and assisting doctors in making appropriate decisions in initial diagnosis.
Is it possible to predict performance in attention by measuring key metabolites in the PCC with 7T MRS?
Authors: Collee Maria , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Farrher Ezequiel , Hagen Jana , Ramkiran Shukti , Schnellbächer Gereon Johannes , Khudeish Nibal , Shah Nadim Joni , Veselinovic Tanja , Neuner Irene
Published: December 2023

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network and is known to play an important role in attention. Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify neurometabolite concentrations, this exploratory study investigated the effect of the absolute concentrations of myo-inositol (Ins), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate or aspartic acid (Asp) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) in the PCC on attention in forty-six healthy participants. Each participant underwent an MRS scan and cognitive testing, consisting of a trail-making test (TMT A/B) and a test of attentional performance (TAP). After a multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping for correction, the findings show that Ins and Asp significantly influence (p < .05) attentional tasks. Whereas sugar Ins improves TMT A and TMT B times, aspartate leads to more mistakes in go/no-go tasks and shows a trend towards enhancing reaction time in go/no-go tasks and stability of alertness without signal. No significant (p > .05) influence of Glu, Gln and GABA was observed.
Interferon-gamma signaling promotes cartilage regeneration after injury
Authors: Kim Ju-Ryoung , Hong Bong-Ki , Pham Thi Hong Nhung , Kim Wan-Uk , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease and major cause of disability and chronic pain in ageing populations. In this pathology, the entire joint is involved, and the regeneration of articular cartilage still remains one of the main challenges. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cartilage regeneration in young mice using a full-thickness cartilage injury (FTCI) model. FTCI-induced cartilage defects were created in the femoral trochlea of young and adult C57BL/6 mice. To identify key molecules and pathways involved in the early response to cartilage injury, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of cartilage RNA at 3 days after injury. Young mice showed superior cartilage regeneration compared to adult mice after cartilage injury. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with the immune response, particularly in the IFN-γ signaling pathway, in young mice at 3 days after injury. IFN-γR1- and IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited impaired cartilage regeneration following cartilage injury. IFN-γR1 ablation decreased cell proliferation and macrophage polarization during cartilage regeneration. DMM-induced and spontaneous OA phenotypes were exacerbated in IFN -γR1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Our data support the hypothesis that IFN-γ signaling is necessary for cartilage regeneration, as well as for the amelioration of post-traumatic and age-induced OA.
Steps of a safe Caesarean Section: A Delphi Study of South African Experts as a basis for surgical training
Authors: de Waard Liesl , Wessels Rozemiek Neline Hannelore , Heitkamp Anke , Akker Thomas van den , Gebhardt Stefan Gabriel
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCaesarean section is the most common surgery globally. In low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa, caesarean section-associated maternal and perinatal complications are of concern, some of which are attributed to lack of clinical skill and training. There is no standard technique for performing or teaching caesarean sections in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the essential and comprehensive steps of a safe caesarean section, according to South African experts.MethodsA modified three-round Delphi survey method was used. The steps were divided into pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative steps. Email invitations were sent to a panel of South African obstetric experts. These were defined as obstetric medical specialists currently or previously actively involved in caesarean section training in the South African public sector identified by the research team or suggested by institutional heads. Aimed sample size was 15, and a consensus was reached according to the confidence intervals (CIs). For the first two rounds, a 7-point Likert scale was used; exclusion was defined as a CI < 4, and inclusion of a CI > 6; CIs 4.1–5.9 were re-evaluated in the next round. In round three, only steps that did not reach consensus were presented to the panel as essential or sub-steps (or excluded). The final list was reviewed by stakeholders, who are clinicians frequently performing caesarean sections.ResultsInvitations were sent to 44 experts: 28 (64%) completed round one, 20 (45%) round two and 19 (43%) round three. Twenty-five (92%) experts had > 11 years of professional experience, and 22 (82%) had performed more than 1000 caesarean sections each. There were 30 steps deemed essential after three rounds: 11 essential/12 sub-steps preoperatively, 14 essential/15 sub-steps intraoperatively and 5 essential/9 sub-steps postoperatively. Stakeholders agreed with most and had some additional suggestions.ConclusionThis panel and stakeholders suggested 34 essential and 40 sub- or considered steps for a safe caesarean section. A defined task list can standardise the procedure and training. This may be an important step toward increasing the safety and quality of caesarean sections, especially in low- and middle-income settings where junior doctors perform most caesarean sections, often without supervision.
Outcome of robot-assisted surgery for stage IA endometrial cancer compared to open and laparoscopic surgery: A retrospective study at a single institution
Authors: Ikebuchi AI , Komatsu Hiroaki , Yamamoto Koji , okawa masayo , Hikino Kohei , Iida Yuki , Hosokawa Masayo , Sawada Mayumi , Kudoh Akiko , Sato Shinya , Harada Tasuku , Taniguchi Fuminori
Published: December 2023

Background
Few studies have compared the efficacy of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open surgeries for endometrial cancer. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these three types of surgeries for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Methods
In all, 175 patients with endometrial cancer of preoperative stage IA who had undergone laparotomic (n = 80), laparoscopic (n = 40), or robot-assisted (n = 55) modified radical hysterectomy at our hospital from 2010 to 2022 were included; surgical outcomes, perioperative complications, and prognoses were compared. Total operative and console times for robot-assisted surgery between patients who did and did not undergo pelvic lymphadenectomy was assessed.
Results
The robot-assisted group had the shortest total operative time. The estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopic and robot-assisted groups than in the laparotomy group. In advanced postoperative stage IA cases, there were no differences in progression-free and overall survival among the three groups. In the robot-assisted group, the operative time decreased with increasing number of operations; the learning curve was reached after 10 cases each of patients with and without pelvic lymphadenectomy. The frequency of perioperative complications of Clavien–Dindo classification Grade 1 or higher was the lowest in the robot-assisted group (p = 0.02). There were no complications of Clavien–Dindo classification Grade 2 or higher in the robot-assisted group.
Conclusion
Robot-assisted surgery for stage IA endometrial cancer, a minimally invasive procedure, has reduced operative times and complications compared with laparoscopic and open surgeries.
Canal transportation and centering ability of rotary and reciprocal files in mandibular molar root canals using micro computed tomography: an ex-vivo study
Authors: Shantiaee Yazdan , Zandi Babak , Soltaninejad Fatemeh , Shantiaee Kourosh , Taramsari Ali Rahbar
Published: December 2023

Background
It is important to use proper endodontic rotary files during treatment. Because of the canal curvature and the desire of the endodontic files to return to their original form during root canal preparation, errors such as canal transportation and deviation from the root canal center might occur. This study aimed to assess the canal transportation and centering ability of 2Shape, Neoniti, and EdgeFile X1 in extracted human mandibular molar root canals with 20-40-degree curvature by using micro computed tomography (micro-CT).
Methods
Out of two hundred and fifty extracted human mandibular molars, thirty with mesiobuccal canals with 20-40-degree curvature were selected. They were then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10). The crowns of the teeth and the distal roots were cut off, and the mesial roots were standardized to have 12 ± 1 mm length. The roots were mounted in acrylic blocks, and the primary micro-CT images were obtained. Root canal instrumentation was then performed, and secondary micro-CT images were taken. RadiAnt software was used to compare before- and after-instrumentation images at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex and make the measurements.
Results
Root canal instrumentation with all three systems caused apical transportation and deviation from the original central path of the canal. No significant difference was found in apical transportation (P > 0.05) or centering ability (P > 0.05) among the three file systems at the aforementioned four levels from the apex.
Conclusions
All three file systems showed some degrees of apical transportation and deviation from the original central canal path with no statistically significant difference among them in this respect.
Tumor-associated macrophage enhances PD-L1-mediated immune escape of bladder cancer through PKM2 dimer/STAT3 complex nuclear translocation
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Liang Ye , Xie Fei , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Xinzhao , Zhang Zhilei , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Wang Liping , Chen Yuanbin , Sun Lijiang , Niu Haitao , Wang Yonghua
Published: December 2023

Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and strongly associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in solid tumor patients. However, the mechanism by which TAM affects immune metabolism reprogramming and immune checkpoint signaling pathway in the bladder cancer (BLCA) TME remains elusive.
Methods
We analyzed the TCGA cohort of BLCA patients in relation to M2-TAMs signature genes as well as PD-L1 expression, and then explored the cellular and molecular roles by RNA sequencing on constructed BLCA cells with M2-TAMs co-culture systems. we used nucleoplasmic separation and protein cross-linking to search for mechanisms related to tumor metabolism and immune reprogramming following crosstalk effects of M2-TAMs, and constructed a mouse model of BLCA with a high occupancy rate of M2-TAMs and a group of organoids derived from human BLCA fresh tissues to validate therapeutic efficacy of the targets in vivo and in vitro.
Results
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) secreted by M2-TAMs increased the level of glycolysis and was involved in PD-L1-mediated immune escape through pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) in the malignant BLCA microenvironment. TGF-β promoted the nuclear translocation of PKM2 dimers in conjunction with phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT3), which exerts its kinase activity, and subsequently promotes PD-L1 expression through the transcription factor role of STAT3. Moreover, the high secretion level of TGF-β activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to upregulate PD-L1 expression in BLCA. In vivo, SB-431542 (a TGF-β blocker) and shikonin (a PKM2 inhibitor) significantly reduced PD-L1 expression and inhibited BLCA growth by increasing immune infiltration. In addition, SB-431542 and shikonin inhibited the growth of bladder carcinoma organoids.
Conclusions
Our work sheds new light on that M2-TAM-derived TGF-β promotes PD-L1-mediated immune evasion in BLCA by increasing the PKM2/STAT3 complex nuclear translocation. Targeting TGF-β receptor blockade and PKM2 inhibition significantly reduces BLCA progression and immunosuppression, and their combination provides a promising target for the treatment of BLCA.
Stop Being So Rigid: The Interplay of Psychological Flexibility and Cognitive-Affective Processes in the Daily Lives of Young Adults
Authors: Westhoff Marlon , Heshmati Saeideh , Siepe Björn , Vogelbacher Christoph , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hayes Steven C. , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: December 2023

Psychological flexibility plays a crucial role in how young adults adapt to their evolving cognitive and emotional landscapes. Our study investigated psychological flexibility in young adults, concentrating on adaptive variability and maladaptive rigidity. We examined the interplay of these elements with cognitive-affective processes within a dynamic network, uncovering their manifestation in everyday life. Through an Ecological Momentary Assessment design, we collected intensive longitudinal data over 3 weeks from 114 young adults ages 19 to 32. Using a dynamic network approach, we assessed the temporal dynamics and individual variability in psychological flexibility in relation to cognitive-affective processes in this sample. Rigidity exhibited the strongest directed association with other variables in the temporal network as well as highest strength centrality, demonstrating particularly strong associations to other variables in the contemporaneous network. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that rigidity in young adults is associated with negative affect and cognitions at the same time point and the immediate future.
Metabolic Reprogramming：Application of lipid metabolism related genes in the risk model of clinical prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Lei
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a highly invasive digestive system tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. However, the mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Metabolic alterations in malignant tumor cells have been found to occur throughout the processes of uptake, synthesis, and degradation, making metabolic reprogramming one of the characteristics of malignant tumors. Disturbances in lipid metabolism have also been observed in pancreatic cancer cells. To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and the survival of pancreatic cancer patients, we constructed a prognostic analysis model related to lipid metabolism using public databases such as TCGA and GEO. This model includes two risk genes (PLAAT2 and PTGES) and five protective genes (PEMT, CYP46A1, LTC45, TMEM86B, and LIPE). We validated the model using a validation dataset and found that it had good predictive performance. We also discovered distinct differences in immune levels and drug susceptibility between the high and low-risk groups. In summary, this model is helpful for predicting the survival of pancreatic cancer patients and provides insights into the identification of new therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
Thermochemistry of Monocharged Cation Substitutions in Ionic Solids
Authors: Glasser Leslie , Liebman Joel F.
Published: December 2023

There is considerable interest in the synthesis of new materials with properties adapted to particular technological purposes such as for electronics, catalysis, energy storage, and biomaterials. A rather straightforward synthetic procedure is substitution of principal ions in the crystal for one another and some general principles relating to structure have been developed which guide the material designer as to which substitutions are likely to lead to stable materials. These are briefly reported. We here consider the thermochemical consequences, rather than the structural implications, of unit-charged cation substitutions, namely of NH4+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Tl+, Ag+ and Cu+, among a large group of ionic solids. It is observed that the formation enthalpies hardly differ among these materials while their absolute entropies, heat capacities and formula unit volumes follow similar linear trends but with some relative displacements.
Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status with cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in southern Iran: Evidence from the PoCOsteo study
Authors: Nejabat Alireza , Emamat Hadi , Afrashteh Sima , Jamshidi Ali , Jamali Zahra , Farhadi Akram , Talkhabi Zahra , Nabipour Iraj , Larijani Bagher , Spitz Jörg
Published: December 2023

Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Most CVD risk factors are influenced by total and regional obesity. A higher risk of developing CVD may be linked to vitamin D deficiency, which is more prevalent in the older population. With the goal of evaluating the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in older adults, this research included 25 (OH) vitamin D levels and biochemical markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases, as well as total and regional adiposity, which was measured by DXA. A total of 1991 older participants in the PoCOsteo study were included. Overall, 38.6% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. After adjusting for confounders, the results of multiple linear regression suggested an inverse association between vitamin D and body mass index (P = 0.040), waist circumference (P = 0.001), total fat (P = 0.020), android fat (P = 0.001), visceral fat (P < 0.001), subcutaneous fat (P = 0.011), trunk fat (P = 0.006), arm fat (P = 0.037), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), and fasting glucose (P < 0.001). Additionally, higher vitamin D levels decreased the risk of dyslipidemia by 2%. Our results showed a significant association between serum vitamin D and a number of cardiometabolic risk factors, including total and regional obesity.