bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'imagerie chrétienne dans la création plastique d'Haïti
Authors: Célius Carlo Avierl
Published: January 2015

L’imagerie chrétienne apparaît comme un élément central de la culture visuelle d’Haïti. Elle circule, sous divers supports, dans toutes les couches de la société depuis la période coloniale. Cela tient à l’instauration du catholicisme comme cadre symbolique de référence dominant. Mais l’appropriation différenciée dont a fait l’objet cette imagerie a installé un véritable conflit iconique, manifeste à travers les luttes récurrentes contre des usages jugés non conformes menées par les autorités ecclésiastiques. Cette imagerie est toutefois au cœur du renouveau artistique à partir des années 1940, au lendemain justement d’une campagne dite anti-superstitieuse. S’est développée une production massive d’images chrétiennes réinterprétées. Cette nouvelle donne marquerait l’entrée dans une phase d’atténuation si ce n’est de résolution, même provisoirement, du conflit d’images.
Doblemente sometidas: las «mujeres de color» en la república de Cuba (1902-1959)
Authors: Ramírez Chicharro Manuel
Published: January 2015

El estudio analiza la trayectoria de las mujeres afrodescendientes durante la República de Cuba (1902-1959). En primer lugar, se realiza una valoración de las obras dedicadas a las mujeres cubanas como género, por un lado, y a la cultura afro, por otro, para demostrar hasta qué punto las mujeres afrocubanas han sido desatendidas por la historiografía. Después se pasa a examinar a las mujeres negras y mestizas en relación con la población masculina total y las mujeres blancas. El texto se divide en tres apartados: campo educativo, inserción laboral y movilidad política. Los datos permiten afirmar que las mujeres afrocubanas estuvieron doblemente sometidas durante todo el período republicano, por género frente a los hombres negros, por «raza» frente a las mujeres blancas.
La Historia de la Literatura española (1937) de Ángel Valbuena Prat paso a paso (I): origen y resultado de un proyecto editorial
Authors: González Ramírez David
Published: January 2015

La correspondencia inédita entre G. Gili i Roig y Á. Valbuena Prat nos permite descubrir importantes detalles sobre la génesis y el sinuoso proceso editorial de su original y renovadora Historia de la literatura española, publicada originariamente en 1937, que obligan a rectificar en más de un punto las sospechas que hasta ahora se tenían sobre esta empresa historiográfica. Las primeras cartas del epistolario Valbuena/Gili valoradas en este trabajo (primera entrega de una serie planeada en cinco partes) detallan el origen y la evolución del proyecto, y ofrecen los
nombres propios de cuantos se involucraron en él.
El Hospital de Amor en la tradición hispánica: aproximación a los problemas de autoría
Authors: Salido López José Vicente
Published: January 2015

En el contexto de la poesía cancioneril de tema amoroso, la metáfora inspirada en el ámbito médico-hospitalario fue una de las más exitosas. Incluso dio para la recreación de universos alegóricos completos que tomaban como base al amor como causante de enfermedad. Es el caso del Hospital de Amor, un poema alegórico del que se nos han conservado cuatro versiones distintas —algunas firmadas—. El presente artículo pretende aproximarse al problema textual que plantea tal variedad de testimonios, entrando de paso en la cuestión de la autoría. La idea es partir del cotejo de las variantes y errores para tratar de fijar el hipotético stemma que subyace a estos testimonios, en un intento de búsqueda de la versión más próxima al original.
El anti-don Juan de María de Zayas
Authors: Trambaioli Marcella
Published: January 2015

Los críticos concuerdan en que María de Zayas escribe inspirada por la cólera que le provoca la condición femenina coetánea. Tanto en sus novelas como en la única comedia conservada, La traición en la amistad, Zayas censura con sutil ironía al tipo donjuanesco que se burla de las mujeres dejándolas sin honor, y lo hace entablando un complejo e ingenioso diálogo intertextual con El burlador de Sevilla. De forma especial, en la pieza lo hace a través de tres figuras: Liseo, que engaña a tres mujeres, Fenisa, un don Juan mujer aún más hiperbólico que Liseo, y don Juan, el menos donjuanesco de todos. En definitiva, crea un anti-don Juan parecido al que Ventura de la Vega realizará en el siglo XIX con El hombre de mundo, parodia del Tenorio de Zorrilla, pero con una clara intencionalidad ética: la de aleccionar a las mujeres de su época para que aprendan a esquivar a los hombres que abusan de ellas.
Alma sensible, romanticismo exaltado y suicidio. Sobre la novela Voyleano o la exaltación de las pasiones (1827), de Estanislao de Cosca Vayo y Lamarca
Authors: Sebold Russel P.
Published: January 2015

El personaje Voyleano tiene modelos en el suicida Werther, de Goethe, y en el deseoso de morir Tediato de las Noches lúgubres, de Cadalso. Entran en la confección de la figura de Voyleano la nueva sensibilidad de la Ilustración, el dolor cósmico romántico y la exaltación de la psicología romántica. En la novela de Vayo se vive la invasión napoleónica de España, y tal ambiente se presta a seducciones libertinas, traiciones, grandes desilusiones y pérdida de la fe. Voyleano, como don Quijote, como Julien Sorel, como Emma Bovary y como varios personajes de Larra y Mesonero Romanos ha buscado un modelo o logos en un personaje anterior. Después de don Quijote, Voyleano es el primero de todos ellos. A Voyleano le parece poco noble y cobarde el acto físico del suicidio, y aunque se inspira en Werther, le atrae en Tediato el modo de suicidarse evitando el acto físico del suicidio.
Máscaras de la expresión amorosa en la poesía de Jaime Siles
Authors: Arlandis López Sergio
Published: January 2015

La poesía de Jaime Siles no se ha caracterizado, según la crítica especializada, por su intensidad emocional y, ni mucho menos, por el predominio de la temática amorosa. Sin embargo, han estado siempre presentes a lo largo de su obra, desempeñando un papel relevante en esa búsqueda de equilibrio emocional que sí le caracteriza. Así, resulta interesante ver cómo los sentidos se convierten en cauces por los que discurre la experiencia amorosa, la intensa, pero fugaz, fusión de los cuerpos amantes, que pugna por racionalizarse a través de la palabra.
El espejismo nacional-socialista. La relación entre dos catedráticos de Prehistoria, Oswald Menghin y Julio Martínez Santa-Olalla (1935-1952)
Authors: Mederos Martín Alfredo
Published: January 2015

Oswald Menghin, Catedrático de Prehistoria del Hombre de la Universidad de Viena entre 1922-1945, fue partidario de la unidad de Austria con Alemania y simpatizante con ideas del NSDAP sobre la necesidad de evitar una mezcla racial entre arios y judíos. Durante su etapa como Catedrático-Residente en la Universidad de Fouad en El Cairo entre 1930-1933, por contacto con Hermann Junker, radicalizó sus puntos de vista y redactó su libro Espíritu y sangre. Principios básicos de raza, lengua, cultura y nación. Su etapa como Rector en el curso 1935-1936 le catapultó a la política como miembro del consejo directivo del partido fascista austriaco, Vaterländische Front, entre 1936-1937 y su posterior nombramiento como Ministro de Educación entre marzo y mayo de 1938, justo después de la invasión de Hitler de Austria. Siendo Ministro, solicitó su ingreso en el NSDAP, que no se aceptó hasta junio de 1940, por su pertenencia previa a organizaciones católicas secretas.
Menghin entró en contacto con Martínez Santa-Olalla, después de la celebración del Jubileo del Instituto de Morfología Cultural de Frankfurt en junio y julio de 1938. A raíz de una estancia de investigación de Almagro Basch en Alemania y Austria en enero y febrero de 1942, y la posterior visita a Barcelona de Menghin en junio de 1942, optó por distanciarse de Martínez Santa-Olalla, no visitando Madrid, cortando la relación epistolar e informando negativamente sobre él a las SS-Ahnenerbe.
Prisionero en dos campos de concentración norteamericanos entre mayo de 1945 y febrero de 1947, Menghin huyó a la Argentina en 1948, viajando poco después su mujer y su hija. En Argentina fue apoyado por José Imbelloni, director del Museo Etnográfico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires desde 1947, que lo contrató como investigador sin docencia. También recibió el apoyo de Martínez Santa-Olalla a través del Embajador de España, José María de Areilza, y del profesor de historia en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz. Menghin no pudo impartir docencia hasta 1953 y solo consolidó su puesto una vez su proceso penal fue cancelado en diciembre de 1956, obteniendo en 1957, con 69 años, el puesto de Profesor Interino de Prehistoria de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y en 1958, la Cátedra de Prehistoria General y del Viejo Mundo en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, donde se jubiló en 1968, con 80 años.
La alta montaña durante la Prehistoria: 10 años de investigación en el Pirineo catalán occidental
Authors: Gassiot Ballbè Ermengol , Rodríguez Antón David , Pèlachs Mañosa Albert , Pérez Obiol Ramon , Julià Brugués Ramón , Bal-Serin Marie-Claude , Mazzucco Niccolò
Published: January 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados de las campañas realizadas desde 2001 a 2010 en áreas de alta montaña del Pirineo axial occidental de Catalunya, que han generado unos registros arqueológicos extensos y detallados, así como diversos análisis paleoecológicos de turberas y contextos lacustres. Gracias a las 27 fechas radiocarbónicas obtenidas, se documenta la secuencia del poblamiento prehistórico en medios alpinos y subalpinos desde las primeras evidencias de su ocupación, en el Mesolítico, hasta el inicio de la Edad del Bronce, fundamentalmente. Se proponen nuevas hipótesis para su explicación. Se ha prestando especial interés a los procesos de colonización postglacial de estos espacios, a la introducción de prácticas ganaderas e, hipotéticamente, agrícolas y a su evolución. Se han considerado además actividades complementarias como la minería, la producción de carbón y la extracción de madera, así como las relaciones de las comunidades humanas de ámbitos de montaña con las de otras áreas geográficas.
La tumba hipogea de Bolores (Torres Vedras): una aproximación interdisciplinar a la comprensión del paisaje social del Neolítico Final/Edad del Cobre de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Lillios Katina T. , Alan Artz Joe , Waterman Anna J. , Mack Jennifer , Thomas Jonathan T. , Trindade Leonel , Luna Isabel
Published: January 2015

Para comprender mejor el paisaje sociopolítico de la Extremadura portuguesa durante el Neolítico Final/Edad del Cobre se han llevado a cabo excavaciones interdisciplinares en Bolores (Torres Vedras), en el valle del río Sizandro. Tras una campaña de prueba en 1986, un equipo de la Universidad de Iowa realizó cuatro campañas entre 2007 y 2012. Bolores es una tumba hipogea que fue utilizada principalmente entre 2800 y 2600 cal BCE como enterramiento colectivo para adultos, adolescentes y niños (NMI=36). Los datos arquitectónicos, bioarqueológicos y de cultura material analizados hasta la fecha sugieren que Bolores albergó los restos de un grupo social distintivo compuesto de individuos locales que marcaban sus diferencias con otras poblaciones funerarias del Sizandro y Extremadura portuguesa mediante la cultura material y la arquitectura funeraria. Las diferencias sociales en la población de Bolores fueron señaladas espacialmente y marcadas mediante las ofrendas de bienes materiales. Sin embargo, no se aprecia una estratificación social significativa que sugiera una sociedad de nivel estatal: no hay enterramientos infantiles ricos, ni disparidades en la salud o dieta de esta población funeraria o entre esta población y otras en la región de Torres Vedras.
Sitios en altura y vasijas rotas: reconsiderando la etapa de ‘plenitud’ de Cogotas I (1450-1150 cal AC) en la Meseta
Authors: Blanco González Antonio
Published: January 2015

Este artículo plantea un ejercicio de autocrítica sobre la comprensión actual del final de Cogotas I en el interior de la Península Ibérica. Diversas dinámicas socio-políticas postuladas para este contexto como la concentración poblacional, la especialización artesanal o la jerarquización social suscitan problemas interpretativos por su deficiente engranaje con la evidencia aducida. Se reúne y escudriña la información contextual disponible sobre los lugares en altura de esta época para elucidar cómo se formaron. Se concluye interpretándolos como sedes estacionales de ceremonias agregativas, fruto de episodios de ocupación intermitentes y reiterados. Las ‘biografías culturales’ de varios recipientes cerámicos recuperados en hoyos permiten rastrear pautas de abandono complejas, reproducidas tanto en sitios encumbrados como en campos de hoyos en llanura. Ambos enfoques enfatizan la inadecuación de cualquier esquema dualista y simplificador para explicar el registro arqueológico y demandan barajar otras lecturas también posibles.
Datación del recinto murado calcolítico de Las Mesas (La Fuente, España)
Authors: Odriozola Carlos P. , Burbidge Christopher I. , Dias M. Isabel , Hurtado Víctor
Published: January 2015

El yacimiento amurallado de media hectárea de Las Mesas se ubica en la margen oeste del río Guadiana (La Fuente, Badajoz, España). El análisis de la cultura material recuperada en prospecciones de superficie remite a un arco cronológico que va desde el Neolítico Final (ca. 3600-2900 AC) a la Edad del Cobre (III milenio AC). Las excavaciones han revelado una muralla polibastionada y un espacio habitacional en el centro del asentamiento con tres fases de uso, diferentes áreas funcionales y un hoyo votivo adscrito a la segunda fase.
En un hoyo ritual efectuado en la segunda fase se ha recuperado una cornamenta de cérvido que ha sido datado mediante AMS-14C. Se analizaron por Luminiscencia Ópticamente Estimulada (OSL) muestras de un nivel de uso de suelo asignado a la segunda fase (UE-9/10) y de la base de un horno asociado a la primera fase (UE-18). Se aplicó un procedimiento de Dosis Única Regenerativa (SAR) sobre la fracción de granos de cuarzo de 90-160 m. Se efectuó también un análisis de 7 muestras tomadas de la estratigrafía para determinar las variaciones de la conducta luminiscente y la edad relativa a través de la secuencia estratigráfica en muestras poliminerales mediante luminiscencia estimulada infraroja-ópticamente y térmicamente (IRSl, OSL, TSL).
La datación y el perfil luminiscente indican que el nivel superior (UE-1B) pertenecería probablemente al Bronce Final (ca. 1000 AC), pero que el resto de la secuencia estratigráfica se corresponde con una ocupación del Neolítico Final-Edad del Cobre. Siendo lo más probable que la ocupación del sitio tuviera lugar entre el 3300 y el 2900 AC. Se detectan vacíos de ocupación entre la fase I y II, y entre la fase II y la ocupación del Bronce Final (fase III). Indicando que el asentamiento fue abandonado y reocupado en dos ocasiones, una en la Edad del Cobre y una en el Bronce Final. La fecha de 4254 ± 45 BP (3010-2675 cal AC) obtenida mediante AMS-14C coincide con las fechas luminiscente de la fase II, apuntando que el hoyo fue excavado al principio de la fase II.
Las fechas luminiscentes y radiocarbónicas combinadas muestran que el asentamiento de Las Mesas fue ocupado durante la colonización agrícola del territorio que tuvo lugar en el Neolítico Final, abandonado durante la Edad del Cobre y reocupado en el Bronce Final. Los vacíos poblacionales registrados podrían relacionarse con las evidencias de quemado y destrucción parcial de la muralla del asentamiento, y su posterior reconstrucción y consolidación.
El poblado calcolítico “Venta del Rapa” (finales III milenio Cal. BC.), Mancha Real, Jaén. Un recinto de fosos entre las estribaciones de Sierra Mágina y el Alto Guadalquivir
Authors: Lechuga Chica Miguel Ángel , Soto Civantos Marcos , Rodríguez-Ariza M.ª Oliva
Published: January 2015

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación arqueológica realizada en el poblado calcolítico “Venta del Rapa”, localizado durante las prospecciones previas a la construcción de la Autovía del Olivar en el término municipal de Mancha Real, Jaén. El poblado tiene un foso en la parte más alta que delimita un área de 0,5 ha. Tanto en su interior como en su exterior se ubican cientos de estructuras excavadas en la base geológica, abarcando 2 ha. Entre ellas destacan tres tumbas colectivas de inhumación sin ajuar, cuyas dataciones radiocarbónicas, fechan su ocupación en el Calcolítico Pleno-Final (2350-2000 Cal. BC).
Moldes para puñales en la Península Ibérica durante la Edad del Bronce. El caso de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona)
Authors: Soriano Ignacio , Amorós i Gurrera Jordi
Published: January 2015

Un molde lítico para puñales fue localizado en un contexto funerario fechado mediante C14 en c. 1850 cal ANE en el asentamiento de la Edad del Bronce de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona). Se estudian la tipología y materia prima del molde y las características del artefacto metálico moldeado en el, relacionándolas con la metalurgia del II milenio del nordeste de la Península Ibérica. Se exponen los escasos paralelos de moldes para puñales existentes en la Península Ibérica y en el Mediterráneo Occidental, así como las posibles razones de su ausencia en el registro arqueológico. Los datos sugieren dos lugares de origen para el molde estudiado, el Levante ibérico y el norte de Italia (grupos de Polada). Esta última zona mantiene mayores relaciones e interacciones en el ámbito metalúrgico con el nordeste de la Península Ibérica.
Ultra‐shallow seismic and GPR methods applied on sand‐covered limestone in northern Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Barlach Flemming
Published: January 2015

This report gives an analysis and a geophysical interpretation of an ultra‐shallow high‐resolution seismic profile recorded on sand‐covered limestone. The interpretations include velocity and structural elements characterising the limestone surface. The seismic profile consists of short offset gathers with a very limited number of traces and with a shot‐point distance along the profile giving presumed equidistant reflection points on the subsurface interfaces. By subsequent band‐pass filtering and NMO‐correction, this field set‐up is found to be sufficient to create a detailed image of the immediate subsurface down to 20 m depth on the investigation site. This recording procedure facilitates a considerable increase in profiling speed compared to the denser shot‐point recordings normally required to obtain CDP gathers. A small number of additional larger gathers is recorded in order to verify that target reflectors are within the data window and source generated noise is outside. Interval velocities are inferred from a subset of the shot gathers by means of normalised semblance analyses demonstrating that critically refracted signals are not present in the gathers. Two major reflecting interfaces are detected, one in the sand above the limestone and the other on the top of the limestone, and there is a fault in the limestone. In addition, a small depression and possible cracks/karst formations in the limestone surface are visible. Anomalies in the amplitude of a reflector in the sands along the profile can be linked with the cracks/karst formations. Multiples are formed in the sand layers above the limestone, but they can be attenuated by predictive decon‐volution. The seismic velocity field indicates progressively higher water content in the sand layers above the limestone along the profile. Georadar facies descriptions provide additional insight into the more recent geological development on the investigation site. A georadar profile recorded near the limestone fault has penetration depth and resolution high enough to yield a facies model supporting geological interpretations which include the identification of aeolian sands on top of marine beach sand deposits. Furthermore, beach foreland and buried remains of sand dunes can be identified by their structural facets as derived from the georadar interpretations. The top of the marine beach sand is identified on the seismic and the georadar profiles and may be associated with the Littorina Sea bottom in the sand layers above the limestone.
The Study of Nano Sealing to Improve the Brittle Shale Wellbore Stability Under Dynamic Load
Authors: Liang Chuan , Chen Mian , Lu Baoping , Wang Jing , Jin Yan , Yang Shuai , Hou Xutian , Hou Bing
Published: January 2015

Periodic large-scale collapse phenomena and accidents of horizontal drilling in brittle shale formation are common. In this process, borehole rock suffers dynamic load originating from impact of bit, hit of drilling tool and chemical action of drilling fluid. Based on hypothesis of static load, traditional wellbore stability analysis model cannot reveal the real mechanism. Therefore, traditional counter-measures eventually fail to restrain periodic brittle shale wellbore instability.

In this paper, mechanics behavior and deformation mechanism of the brittle shale has been investigated in the dynamic triaxial compression experiments at varying confining pressure and soaking time. Moreover, analytical tools of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and 3D visualization of ultra-high resolution CT scanner (Nano CT) etc. have been applied to observe and analyze the testing process.

The results indicate that mass ignored micrometer or even nanometer cracks, triggered by dynamic load, will not destroy the rock immediately, but accumulate and then aggravate the development of macroscopic fracture until rocks failure after a period of time. Consequently, the mechanism of strength reduction in this situation is not macroscopic fracture but micro-scale crack. Furthermore, the mechanical-chemical coupling model of brittle shale under dynamic load is established according to the quantitative relations among rock structure, interface state and strength. Based on the analyses above, counter-measures of Nano sealing technology to improve the strength of borehole rock is proposed.

Laboratory experiments show that Nano sealing can effectively strengthen wellbore stability in shale formation, whereas traditional highly macro sealing and inhibitive drilling fluid system cannot.
The Unappreciated Intracellular Lifestyle of Blastomyces dermatitidis
Authors: Sterkel Alana K. , Mettelman Robert , Wüthrich Marcel , Klein Bruce S.
Published: January 2015

Blastomyces dermatitidis, a dimorphic fungus and the causative agent of blastomycosis, is widely considered an extracellular pathogen, with little evidence for a facultative intracellular lifestyle. We infected mice with spores, that is, the infectious particle, via the pulmonary route and studied intracellular residence, transition to pathogenic yeast, and replication inside lung cells. Nearly 80% of spores were inside cells at 24 h postinfection with 104 spores. Most spores were located inside of alveolar macrophages, with smaller numbers in neutrophils and dendritic cells. Real-time imaging showed rapid uptake of spores into alveolar macrophages, conversion to yeast, and intracellular multiplication during in vitro coculture. The finding of multiple yeast in a macrophage was chiefly due to intracellular replication rather than multiple phagocytic events or fusion of macrophages. Depletion of alveolar macrophages curtailed infection in mice infected with spores and led to a 26-fold reduction in lung CFU by 6 d postinfection versus nondepleted mice. Phase transition of the spores to yeast was delayed in these depleted mice over a time frame that correlated with reduced lung CFU. Spores cultured in vitro converted to yeast faster in the presence of macrophages than in medium alone. Thus, although advanced B. dermatitidis infection may exhibit extracellular residence in tissue, early lung infection with infectious spores reveals its unappreciated facultative intracellular lifestyle.
A Novel Regulatory Macrophage Induced by a Helminth Molecule Instructs IL-10 in CD4+ T Cells and Protects against Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Ziegler Thomas , Rausch Sebastian , Steinfelder Svenja , Klotz Christian , Hepworth Matthew R. , Kühl Anja A. , Burda Paul-Christian , Lucius Richard , Hartmann Susanne
Published: January 2015

Immunomodulation is a common feature of chronic helminth infections and mainly attributed to the secretion of bioactive molecules, which target and modify host immune cells. In this study, we show that the helminth immunomodulator AvCystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor, induces a novel regulatory macrophage (Mreg; AvCystatin-Mreg), which is sufficient to mitigate major parameters of allergic airway inflammation and colitis in mice. A single adoptive transfer of AvCystatin-Mreg before allergen challenge suppressed allergen-specific IgE levels, the influx of eosinophils into the airways, local and systemic Th2 cytokine levels, and mucus production in lung bronchioles of mice, whereas increasing local and systemic IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells. Moreover, a single administration of AvCystatin-Mreg during experimentally induced colitis strikingly reduced intestinal pathology. Phenotyping of AvCystatin-Mreg revealed increased expression of a distinct group of genes including LIGHT, sphingosine kinase 1, CCL1, arginase-1, and costimulatory molecules, CD16/32, ICAM-1, as well as PD-L1 and PD-L2. In cocultures with dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells, AvCystatin-Mreg strongly induced the production of IL-10 in a cell-contact–independent manner. Collectively, our data identify a specific suppressive macrophage population induced by a single parasite immunomodulator, which protects against mucosal inflammation.
Monitoring and Cell-Specific Deletion of C5aR1 Using a Novel Floxed GFP-C5aR1 Reporter Knock-in Mouse
Authors: Karsten Christian M. , Laumonnier Yves , Eurich Benjamin , Ender Fanny , Bröker Katharina , Roy Sreeja , Czabanska Anna , Vollbrandt Tillman , Figge Julia , Köhl Jörg
Published: January 2015

Many of the biological properties of C5a are mediated through activation of its receptor (C5aR1), the expression of which has been demonstrated convincingly on myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In contrast, conflicting results exist regarding C5aR1 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphoid lineage cells. In this article, we report the generation of a floxed GFP-C5aR1 reporter knock-in mouse. Using this mouse strain, we confirmed strong C5aR1 expression in neutrophils from bone marrow, blood, lung, and spleen, as well as in peritoneal macrophages. Further, we show C5aR1 expression in lung eosinophils, lung- and lamina propria–resident and alveolar macrophages, bone marrow–derived DCs, and lung-resident CD11b+ and monocyte-derived DCs, whereas intestinal and pulmonary CD103+ DCs stained negative. Also, some splenic NKT cells expressed GFP, whereas naive NK cells and B2 cells lacked GFP expression. Finally, we did not observe any C5aR1 expression in naive or activated CD4+ Th cells in vitro or in vivo. Mating the floxed GFP-C5aR1 mouse strain with LysMCre mice, we were able to specifically delete C5aR1 in neutrophils and macrophages, whereas C5aR1 expression was retained in DCs. In summary, our findings suggest that C5aR1 expression in mice is largely restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage. The novel floxed C5aR1 reporter knock-in mouse will prove useful to track C5aR1 expression in experimental models of acute and chronic inflammation and to conditionally delete C5aR1 in immune cells.
High-Mobility Group Box 1: A Novel Target for Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis
Authors: McClellan Sharon , Jiang Xiaoyu , Barrett Ronald , Hazlett Linda D.
Published: January 2015

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypic alarmin, mediates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide, an anti-inflammatory neuropeptide, downregulates proinflammatory cytokines and promotes healing in a susceptible (cornea perforates) model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, and also significantly downregulates HMGB1 expression. Therefore, we examined targeting HMGB1 for the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis to avoid delivery and other issues associated with vasoactive intestinal peptide. For this, HMGB1 was silenced using small interfering RNA, whereas controls were treated with a nonspecific scrambled sequence small interfering RNA. Less disease was seen postinfection in siHMGB1 compared with control mice and was documented by clinical score and photographs with a slit lamp. Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA confirmed HMGB1 knockdown. RT-PCR analysis also revealed reduced mRNA levels of IL-1β, MIP-2, TNF-α, TLR4, and receptor for advanced glycation end products, whereas mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory TLRs single Ig IL-1–related receptor and ST2 were increased significantly. HMGB1 knockdown also decreased IL-1β and MIP-2 proteins, reducing polymorphonuclear cell number in the infected cornea. mRNA and protein levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4, as well as mononuclear cells, were reduced significantly after HMGB1 knockdown. Ab neutralization of HMGB1, infection with a clinical isolate, and recombinant HMGB1 treatment of resistant mice supported the silencing studies. These data provide evidence that silencing HMGB1 promotes better resolution of P. aeruginosa keratitis by decreasing levels of proinflammatory mediators (decreasing polymorphonuclear cell infiltration), increasing anti-inflammatory TLRs, reducing CXCL12 (preventing HMGB1/CXCL12 heterodimer formation), and signaling through CXCR4, reducing monocyte/macrophage infiltration.
Cutting Edge: Stage-Specific Requirement of IL-18 for Antiviral NK Cell Expansion
Authors: Madera Sharline , Sun Joseph C.
Published: January 2015

Although NK cells are considered part of the innate immune system, recent studies have demonstrated the ability of Ag-experienced NK cells to become long-lived and contribute to potent recall responses similar to T and B cells. The precise signals that promote the generation of a long-lived NK cell response are largely undefined. In this article, we demonstrate that NK cells require IL-18 signaling to generate a robust primary response during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection but do not require this signal for memory cell maintenance or recall responses. IL-12 signaling and STAT4 in activated NK cells increased the expression of the adaptor protein MyD88, which mediates signaling downstream of the IL-18 and IL-1 receptors. During MCMV infection, NK cells required MyD88, but not IL-1R, for optimal expansion. Thus, an IL-18–MyD88 signaling axis facilitates the prolific expansion of NK cells in response to primary viral infection, but not recall responses.
5-Lipoxygenase Is a Direct Target of miR-19a-3p and miR-125b-5p
Authors: Busch Saskia , Auth Eileen , Scholl Friederike , Huenecke Sabine , Koehl Ulrike , Suess Beatrix , Steinhilber Dieter
Published: January 2015

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Leukotrienes are mediators of the innate immune system and inflammatory processes, and they might also be involved in cancer development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important translational regulators and have been shown to be involved in development, differentiation, and cancer. Unraveling the miRNA network is important for understanding the cellular regulation processes. We identified two new miRNAs, miR-19a-3p and miR-125b-5p, regulating 5-LO and confirmed direct interaction by reporter gene assays. Furthermore, we investigated the regulation of 5-LO by these two miRNAs in several cell types. Inhibition of both miRNAs by antagomirs during differentiation of the myeloid cell line Mono Mac 6 led to a significant increase in 5-LO protein expression. Stimulation of human T lymphocytes with PHA resulted in a strong downregulation of 5-LO mRNA expression and in the induction of miR-19a-3p. The inhibition of miR-19a-3p with an antagomir led to a significant increase in 5-LO mRNA expression in T lymphocytes. Taken together, our data reveal that miR-19a-3p and miR-125b-5p target 5-LO in a cell type– and stimulus-specific manner.
TLR Signaling Modulates Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy in the Small Intestine
Authors: Frank Magdalena , Hennenberg Eva Maria , Eyking Annette , Rünzi Michael , Gerken Guido , Scott Paul , Parkhill Julian , Walker Alan W. , Cario Elke
Published: January 2015

Intestinal mucositis represents the most common complication of intensive chemotherapy, which has a severe adverse impact on quality of life of cancer patients. However, the precise pathophysiology remains to be clarified, and there is so far no successful therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the role of innate immunity through TLR signaling in modulating genotoxic chemotherapy-induced small intestinal injury in vitro and in vivo. Genetic deletion of TLR2, but not MD-2, in mice resulted in severe chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in the proximal jejunum with villous atrophy, accumulation of damaged DNA, CD11b+-myeloid cell infiltration, and significant gene alterations in xenobiotic metabolism, including a decrease in ABCB1/multidrug resistance (MDR)1 p-glycoprotein (p-gp) expression. Functionally, stimulation of TLR2 induced synthesis and drug efflux activity of ABCB1/MDR1 p-gp in murine and human CD11b+-myeloid cells, thus inhibiting chemotherapy-mediated cytotoxicity. Conversely, TLR2 activation failed to protect small intestinal tissues genetically deficient in MDR1A against DNA-damaging drug-induced apoptosis. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics led to increased susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced mucosal injury in wild-type mice, which was suppressed by administration of a TLR2 ligand, preserving ABCB1/MDR1 p-gp expression. Findings were confirmed in a preclinical model of human chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis using duodenal biopsies by demonstrating that TLR2 activation limited the toxic-inflammatory reaction and maintained assembly of the drug transporter p-gp. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel molecular link between innate immunity and xenobiotic metabolism. TLR2 acts as a central regulator of xenobiotic defense via the multidrug transporter ABCB1/MDR1 p-gp. Targeting TLR2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.
LR White is preferable to Unicryl for immunogold detection of fixationsensitive nuclear antigens
Authors: Philimonenko V. V. , JanÃ¡cek J. , HozÃ¡k P.
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare two electron microscopy embedding media – LR White and Unicryl – with regard to cell morphologyical and immunohistochemical preservation properties for the study of fixation-sensitive nuclear antigens. Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde, and embedded in parallel in the two resins: LR White and Unicryl using; two different polymerization protocols were used for each resin. Preservation of fine nuclear structure was good after LR White and poor after Unicryl embedding. Immunogold labeling of Sm antigen was significantly stronger on LR White sections. Polymerization by UV light resulted in stronger and more specific labeling than heat polymerization. These results show that LR White is advantageous over Unicryl for the study of nuclear antigens requiring delicate aldehyde fixation.
Nuclear localization of phosphorylated c-Myc protein in human tumor cells.
Authors: Soldani C. , Bottone M.G. , Biggiogera M. , Alpini C. , Scovassi A.I. , Martin T. , Pellicciari C.
Published: January 2015

Using immunocytochemical techniques at light and electron microscopy, we analysed the distribution of phosphorylated c-Myc in actively proliferating human HeLa cells. The distribution pattern of c-Myc was also compared with those of other ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-containing components (PANA, hnRNP-core proteins, fibrillarin) or RNP-associated nuclear proteins (SC-35 splicing factor). Our results provide the first evidence that phosphorylated c-Myc accumulates in the nucleus of tumor cells, where it colocalizes with fibrillarin, both in the nucleolus and in extranucleolar structures.
XXXVII Congresso Nazionale AIEOP, Bari, 20-22 maggio 2012 - Relazioni
Authors: Editors The
Published: January 2015

XXXVII Congresso Nazionale AIEOP, Bari, 20-22 maggio 2012 - Relazioni
Food-Borne Bacteremic Illnesses in Febrile Neutropenic Children
Authors: Lee Anselm Chi-wai , Ong Nellie Dawn Siao-ping
Published: January 2015

Bacteremia following febrile neutropenia is a serious complication in children with malignancies. Preventive measures are currently targeted at antimicrobial prophylaxis, amelioration of drug-induced neutropenia, and nosocomial spread of pathogens, with little attention to community-acquired infections. A retrospective study was conducted at a pediatric oncology center during a 3-year period to identify probable cases of food-borne infections with bacteremia. Twenty-one bacteremic illnesses affecting 15 children receiving chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were reviewed. Three (14%) episodes were highly suspected of a food-borne origin: a 17-year-old boy with osteosarcoma contracted Sphingomonas paucimobilis septicemia after consuming nasi lemak bought from a street hawker; a 2-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum septicemia after a sushi dinner; a 2-year-old girl was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Lactobacillus bacteremia suspected to be of probiotic origin. All of them were neutropenic at the time of the infections and the bacteremias were cleared with antibiotic treatment. Food-borne sepsis may be an important, but readily preventable, cause of bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology patients, especially in tropical countries with an abundance of culinary outlets.
Electron Microscopic Observation in Case of Platelet Activation in a Chronic Haemodialysis Subject
Authors: Schoorl Marianne , Bartels Piet C.M. , Gritters Mareille , Fluitsma Donna , Musters René , Nubé Menso J.
Published: January 2015

During haemodialysis (HD), platelets (PLTs) are activated and release granule contents. As HD treatment occurs three times a week, it has been demonstrated that PLTs are exhausted due to the repetitive character of the treatment. To identify PLT depletion morphologically, PLT evaluation was performed by light microscopy and electron microscopy (EM) in a chronic HD subject and a healthy reference subject. Blood samples were taken before the start of HD treatment for measurement of PLT count, PLT volume and size parameters. Blood smears were screened by light microscopy for qualitative evaluation of PLT granule containing cytoplasm, as indicated by its staining density. Morphological PLT parameters of surface area and size of dense bodies were assessed by EM. Data were compared with results of a group of 20 chronic HD subjects and a group of 20 healthy reference subjects. With respect to the percentage of PLTs with appropriate staining density (>75%), light microscopic evaluation showed that this value (9%) was within the range of a group of chronic HD subjects, but considerably below the reference range (70%). EM evaluation revealed an average PLT surface area and dense bodies area of respectively 42% and 31%, if the healthy reference subject was set on 100%. PLTs from a chronic HD subject are considerably smaller and substantially less granular than PLTs from a healthy reference subject. These findings support the hypothesis of PLT depletion in chronic HD subjects due to frequent PLT activation and/or increased urea concentrations.
Precursor T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with Rare Presentation in the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Pham Alexander , Steinberg Amir , Kwok Brian , Lopez Angela , Lim Stephen , Lill Michael
Published: January 2015

We present the 16th reported case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with involvement in the bladder. Our patient was a 22 yearold man with T-cell ALL with a mediastinal mass. He received hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone (HyperCVAD) with mediastinal radiation. Prior to starting maintenance, he relapsed in the bladder and marrow. He received a nelarabine- based induction regimen and achieved remission. This was followed by an unrelated 11/12 HLA-matched myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant. He is in complete remission for the past 409 days.
Two Cases of Aspergillus Endocarditis in Non Neutropenic Children on Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Nikolousis Emmanouil , Velangi Mark
Published: January 2015

Fungal endocarditis (FE) is a rare complication in immunocompromised patients which is difficult to diagnose and has been characterized by excessive mortality (>50%) and morbidity, regardless of treatment. The lack of clinical trials due to the small number of cases contributes further to a poor outcome. In our two cases of aspergilllus endocarditis we reviewed the clinical features, echocardiographic findings, microbiologic data, treatment, and outcome of these 2 cases and provide a current characterization of the syndrome. In this paper we have demonstrated the diversity of presentation of a critical fungal infection in immunocompromised but non neutropenic paediatric patients. The prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment is crucial for a favourable outcome along with the use of double antifungal treatment with liposomal amphotericin and voriconazole initially which could be later switched to oral voriconazole with a good tissue penetration. Histological samples as well as radiological evidence and echocardiograms should be reviewed by experienced clinicians in order to aid diagnosis and promptly initiate treatment for these patients in order to achieve a favourable outcome.
Observation and extirpation of a giant-size type-B2 thymoma IIb with its histological, macroscopic, and computer tomogram correlate, and literature review
Authors: de Bucourt Maximilian , Swierzy Marc , Dankof Anja , Teichgräber Ulf , Rückert Jens-Carsten
Published: January 2015

This report describes the interdisciplinary approach and solving algorithm of a DIN 9001:2000 certified tumor board in managing a giant-size type-B2 thymoma IIb in an elderly patient. The process of managing the thymoma with specialists of surgery, internal medicine, radiology, and pathology until finally extirpation and continuous follow-up is described. Respective computerized tomography scans, histology, macro-pathology, and operative pictures of the case are provided as well as an upto-date literature review.
Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: an unusual diagnostic challenge
Authors: Obulareddy Sri J , Xin Junqing , Truskinovsky Alexander M , Anderson James K , Franklin Michael J , Dudek Arkadiusz Z
Published: January 2015

Although metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare, benign neoplasm of epithelial cells, it is often difficult to distinguish this entity from other malignant neoplasms preoperatively. We report a case of a large renal mass for which preoperative diagnosis was indeterminate, with the differential diagnosis including Wilm's tumor, MA, and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). Accurate postoperative differentiation of MA from PRCC is critical because adjuvant therapy is considered after surgical resection of PRCC tumors.
Epithelioid variant of pleomorphic liposarcoma as potential mimic of metastatic carcinoma
Authors: D'Antonio Antonio , Angrisani Basilio , Caleo Alessia , Baldi Carlo , Liguori Giuseppina , Memoli Domenico , Cuomo Roberto , Angrisani Pasquale
Published: January 2015

We report a case of epithelioid variant of pleomorphic liposarcoma (EPL) found in the the infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa of a 31-year old male. Histologically, the predominant population was formed by epithelioid cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm admixed with rare pleomorphic lipoblasts. The immunohistochemical panel was not helpful in the diagnosis. FISH analysis using the locus-specific indicator CHOP (12q13) dual color break apart was applied to representative formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The result of FISH indicated a rearranged CHOP (DDIT3) gene and confirmed the diagnosis of EPL. The EPL should be differentiated from a metastatic carcinoma or other type of sarcoma. In these cases a clinicopathological correlation and an exhaustive sampling of the specimen for demonstration of lipogenic areas or pleomorphic lipoblasts is always necessary. FISH with demonstration of CHOP gene rearrangement is useful in providing specific ancillary information for the difficult differential diagnosis of this case.
Primary cerebral alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in adult
Authors: Pirillo Vania , Cipriano Cecchi Paolo , Tripodi Massimo , Maier Klaus , Rizzo Paolo , Schwarz Andreas
Published: January 2015

Primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcomas are very rare and malignant tumors that occur predominantly in the posterior fossa of pediatric patients. We report a rare case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma located in the supratentorial compartment of a 51 year-old woman together with a review of the pertinent Literature especially regarding the histological diagnosis and pitfalls.
Testicular papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma: a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Farzaneh Mohammad Reza , Pakbaz Sara , Zeighami Shahriar
Published: January 2015

Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary is a common tumor but occurrence of ovarian type papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma in the testis is very rare. Herein we report such a case in a 49-year-old man presenting with testicular swelling. In this tumor, mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis should be excluded by immunohistochemistry. The best treatment is radial orchiectomy and it is very resistant to chemoradiation. Our case was well after orchiectomy and now after a year he is doing well and completely symptom free.
Indirect Taxation, Public Pricing and Price Cap Regulation: A Synthesis
Authors: Valentini Edilio
Published: January 2015

This paper provides a unified vision of a number of results that appeared in three separate streams of literature. The author emphasizes the strong parallelism between the results obtained in a number of papers that analyzed the relationships between price cap regulation, welfare maximization, welfare improvements, distributional preferences and poverty reduction and those originating from the well-established theories of optimal indirect taxation and tax reforms, as well as public pricing.