bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dentin Biomimetic Remineralization Material with an Ability to Stabilize Collagen
Authors: Tao Siying , Yang Jiaojiao , Su Zhifei , Zhou Fangjie , Wang Ziyou , Yang Yingming , Sun Lizhong , Deng Yi , Liang Kunneng , Li Jiyao
Published: August 2022

The integrity of collagen matrix structure is a prerequisite for effectively inducing biomimetic remineralization. Repeated low pH stimulation activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dental caries. Activated MMPs cause the breakdown of collagen fibrils. Collagen stabilization is a major obstacle to the clinical application of remineralization templates. Here, galardin‐loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM)‐NGV (PAMAM‐NGV@galardin, PNG) is constructed to induce collagen stabilization and dentin biomimetic remineralization simultaneously, in order to combat early caries in dentin. PAMAM acts in the role of nucleation template for dentin remineralization, while galardin acts as the role of MMPs inhibitor. NGV peptides modified on the surface of dendrimer core can form small clusters with synergistic movement in short range, and those short‐range clusters can form domain areas with different properties on the surface of PAMAM core and restrict the movement of collagen, favoring collagen crosslinking, which can be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. NGV peptides and galardin show a dual collagen‐protective effect, laying the foundation for the dentin remineralization effect induced by PAMAM. PNG induces dentin remineralization in an environment with collagenase, meanwhile showsing anti‐dentin caries efficacy in vivo. These findings indicate that PNG has great potential to combat early dentin caries for future clinical application.
An integrated systems thinking approach for achieving sustainability in project‐based organizations
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Pathak Devendra Kumar , Patra Sabyasachi
Published: August 2022

The growing concern for environment and pressing need for societal well‐being require organizations to encompass sustainability in their projects. This study attempts to propose an integrated systems thinking approach to attain sustainability in project‐based organizations (PBOs). An integrated approach consisting of viable system model (VSM), evolutionary game theory (EGT) and system dynamics (SD) is utilized to identify key organizational subsystems for achieving sustainability and analyse interaction patterns among various key personnel in PBOs. The proposed models are developed based on the data collected from two PBOs; thereafter, these models are validated through the data collected from eight PBOs (situated in Singapore and India). The outcomes of this study reveal key organizational subsystems that are required to achieve sustainability and differences in interaction patterns among various key personnel in PBOs, for these two countries. This study facilitates project professionals in identifying the best organizational designs to achieve sustainability in PBOs.
Investigation of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with a composite reinforcement layer: Polyvinyl alcohol fiber‐reinforced ferrocement cementitious composite and steel wire mesh
Authors: Du Wenping , Yang Caiqian , De Backer Hans , Wang Chong , Pan Yong
Published: August 2022

To improve the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, a new ferrocement composite material was proposed. A polyvinyl alcohol fiber‐reinforced ferrocement cementitious composite (PVA‐RFCC) and steel wire mesh (SWM) were attached onto the soffit of the RC beams as a composite reinforcement layer (CRL). One control beam and four strengthened RC beams were investigated. The maximum load carrying capacity, initial stiffness, and displacement ductility parameter of the strengthened beams were up to 99.3%, 48.0%, and 90.9% higher than those of the control beam, respectively. The SWM2 accounted for 91.6% of these improvements. An analytical model was proposed to predict the flexural capacity of strengthened RC beams. The tensile force of the polyvinyl alcohol‐engineered cementitious composite was considered and calculated by rectangular and triangular distributions. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental results, which validated the accuracy of the proposed model.
Overexpression of cardiac‐specific IGF‐IIRα accelerates the development of liver dysfunction through STZ‐induced diabetic hepatocyte damage in transgenic rats
Authors: Li Chi‐Cheng , Ramesh Samiraj , Liu Tzu‐Yang , Wang Tso‐Fu , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Chang Yung‐Ming , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Chen Ming‐Cheng , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: August 2022

This study reports the effect of cardiac‐specific insulin‐like growth factor‐II receptor α (IGF‐IIRα) overexpression on the development of liver dysfunction in transgenic rats via STZ‐induced diabetic hepatocyte damage. The cardio‐hepatic syndrome comprises a number of heart and liver illnesses in which an acute or chronic disease in one organ can lead to acute or chronic disease in the other. However, the molecular mechanism involved in such a set of conditions is unclear. In this study, we developed a transgenic rat model with cardiac‐specific overexpression of IGF‐IIRα, which is a supplementary splicing variant of insulin‐like growth factor‐II receptor (IGF‐IIR), expressed in pathological hearts, to investigate the relationship between late fetal gene expression in diabetic hearts and their influence on diabetic hepatopathy. STZ (55 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally delivered into IGF‐IIR overexpressed transgenic (TG) and non‐transgenic (NTG) animal models developed in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after an overnight fast. The relationship among IGF‐IIRα overexpression and hepatocyte damages have been determined based on the complexity of damage in the liver. Our findings revealed that overexpression of the cardiac‐specific IGF‐IIRα enhances diabetes‐induced morphological alterations and hepatic inflammation in the livers. The diabetic transgenic rats demonstrated the development of pathological conditions such as thick collagen fiber deposition, bridging fibrosis, and elevation of α‐SMA and MMP1 related liver fibrosis mechanisms. Our data suggest that IGF‐IIRα overexpression in the heart during a pathological state may worsen diabetic hepatopathy in rats.
Einleitung
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin
Published: August 2022

Mit der Durchführung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen werden zunehmend private Unternehmen beauftragt. Wie dies genau geschieht, wer darauf Einfluss nimmt, und was das für die Arbeitsbedingungen bei den beauftragten Firmen bedeutet, thematisiert dieses Buch. Neben der konzeptionellen Grundlage ('politische Mikrokönomie der Vermarktlichung') erläutert die Einleitung die methodischen und empirischen Grundlagen der Untersuchung und stellt Kernbefunde vor.
Qualitative Wende in der Auftragsvergabe: Neue Entscheidungsstrukturen und -strategien auf dem Weg zu ‚mehr Qualität‘
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin
Published: August 2022

In diesem Kapitel liegt der Fokus zunächst auf den Vorgehensweisen der Verwaltung in ihrem Bemühen, sich vom ‚Diktat des billigsten Preises‘ zu entfernen, sowie auf den Schwierigkeiten und Gelingensbedingungen für diese Lernprozesse. Die untersuchten Kommunen haben ihre Vergabeprozesse zwar in der jüngeren Zeit mit dem Ziel der Professionalisierung reorganisiert. Die weiterhin dynamische Gesetzesentwicklung und Rechtsprechung und der damit verbundene chronisch unvollständige Charakter vergaberechtlicher Expertise tragen aber dazu bei, dass das Handeln unter (v.a. Rechts-)Unsicherheit dennoch ein zentrales Merkmal von Entscheidungsprozessen in der Vergabepraxis bleibt. Zugleich setzen, auch gestützt durch die neuen Verfahren des Bieterschutzes, die institutionellen Strukturen für das Verwaltungspersonal starke Anreize, sich am alten Prinzip der Rechtskonformität zu orientieren. In diesem Spannungsfeld aus Rechtskonformität und Rechtsunsicherheit entwickeln die Akteure unterschiedliche grundsätzliche Herangehensweisen, wie sie sich neue Entscheidungsspielräume zugunsten einer Vergabe nach Qualitätsgesichtspunkten erschließen.
Magnetic moments of leptons, charged lepton flavor violations and dark matter phenomenology of a minimal radiative Dirac neutrino mass model
Authors: De Bibhabasu , Das Debottam , Mitra Manimala , Sahoo Nirakar
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In a simple extension of the standard model (SM), a pair of vector like lepton doublets (L1 and L2) and a SU(2)L scalar doublet (η) have been introduced to help in accommodating the discrepancy in determination of the anomalous magnetic moments of the light leptons, namely, e and μ. Moreover, to make our scenario friendly to a Dirac like neutrino and also for a consistent dark matter phenomenology, we specifically add a singlet scalar (S) and a singlet fermion (ψ) in the set-up. However, the singlet states also induce a meaningful contribution in other charged lepton processes. A discrete symmetry $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

has been imposed under which all the SM particles are even while the new particles may be assumed to have odd charges. In a bottom-up approach, with a minimal particle content, we systematically explore the available parameter space in terms of couplings and masses of the new particles. Here a number of observables associated with the SM leptons have been considered, e.g., masses and mixings of neutrinos, (g − 2) anomalies of e, μ, charged lepton flavor violating (cLFV) observables and the dark matter (DM) phenomenology of a singlet-doublet dark matter. Neutrinos, promoted as the Dirac type states, acquire mass at one loop level after the discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2
′

symmetry gets softly broken, while the unbroken $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

keeps the dark matter stable. The mixing between the singlet ψ and the doublet vector lepton can be constrained to satisfy the electroweak precision observables and the spin independent (SI) direct detection (DD) cross section of the dark matter. In this analysis, potentially important LHC bounds have also been discussed.
Precision medicine in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Carr Alice L. J. , Evans-Molina Carmella , Oram Richard A.
Published: August 2022

First envisioned by early diabetes clinicians, a person-centred approach to care was an aspirational goal that aimed to match insulin therapy to each individual’s unique requirements. In the 100 years since the discovery of insulin, this goal has evolved to include personalised approaches to type 1 diabetes diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prediction. These advances have been facilitated by the recognition of type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease and by advances in our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology, genetics and natural history, which have occurred in parallel with advancements in insulin delivery, glucose monitoring and tools for self-management. In this review, we discuss how these personalised approaches have improved diabetes care and how improved understanding of pathogenesis and human biology might inform precision medicine in the future.

Graphical abstract
Patient education on subacromial impingement syndrome
Authors: Jessen Malik , Lorenz Christina , Boehm Elisabeth , Hertling Stefan , Hinz Maximilian , Imiolczyk Jan-Philipp , Pelz Carsten , Ameziane Yacine , Lappen Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and educational quality of content available on Google and YouTube regarding subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS).

Methods

Google and YouTube were queried for English and German results on SAIS using the search terms “shoulder impingement” and the German equivalent “Schulter Impingement”. The analysis was restricted to the first 30 results of each query performed. Number of views and likes as well as upload source and length of content were recorded. Each result was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria (score range, 0–5) to assess reliability and the DISCERN score (score range, 16–80) and a SAIS-specific score (SAISS, score range, 0–100) to evaluate educational content.

Results

The 58 websites found on Google and 48 videos found on YouTube were included in the analysis. The average number of views per video was 220,180 ± 415,966. The average text length was 1375 ± 997 words and the average video duration 456 ± 318 s. The upload sources were mostly non-physician based (74.1% of Google results and 79.2% of YouTube videos). Overall, there were poor results in reliability and educational quality, with sources from doctors having a significantly higher mean reliability measured in the JAMA score (p < 0.001) and educational quality in DISCERN (p < 0.001) and SAISS (p = 0.021). There was no significant difference between German and English results but texts performed significantly better than videos in terms of reliability (p = 0.002) and educational quality (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Information on SAIS found on Google and YouTube is of low reliability and quality. Therefore, orthopedic health practitioners and healthcare providers should inform patients that this source of information may be unreliable and make efforts to provide patients with higher quality alternatives.

Level of evidence: IV, case series.
A Stronger Lower Bound on Parametric Minimum Spanning Trees
Authors: Eppstein David
Published: August 2022

We prove that, for an undirected graph with n vertices and m edges, each labeled with a linear function of a parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
, the number of different minimum spanning trees obtained as the parameter varies can be $$\Omega (m\log n)$$

Ω
(
m
log
n
)

.
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for chronic pancreatitis 2021
Authors: Shimizu Kyoko , Ito Tetsuhide , Irisawa Atsushi , Ohtsuka Takao , Ohara Hirotaka , Kanno Atsushi , Kida Mitsuhiro , Sakagami Junichi , Sata Naohiro , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Tahara Junko , Hirota Morihisa , Fujimori Nao , Masamune Atsushi , Mochida Satoshi , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Background

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is defined according to the recently proposed mechanistic definition as a pathological fibro-inflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental, and/or other risk factors who develop persistent pathological responses to parenchymal injury or stress.

Methods

The clinical practice guidelines for CP in Japan were revised in 2021 based on the 2019 Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria for CP, which incorporate the concept of a pathogenic fibro-inflammatory syndrome in the pancreas. In this third edition, clinical questions are reclassified into clinical questions, background questions, and future research questions.

Results

Based on analysis of newly accumulated evidence, the strength of evidence and recommendations for each clinical question is described in terms of treatment selection, lifestyle guidance, pain control, treatment of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, and treatment of complications. A flowchart outlining indications, treatment selection, and policies for cases in which treatment is ineffective is provided. For pain control, pharmacological treatment and the indications and timing for endoscopic and surgical treatment have been updated in the revised edition.

Conclusions

These updated guidelines provide clinicians with useful information to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of CP.
Reoralisierung nach Intubation bei Intensivaufenthalt
Authors: Plementas Martina , Trapl-Grundschober Michaela
Published: August 2022

Die Schluckfunktion kann durch eine Intubation stark beeinträchtigt werden. Essen und Trinken, aber auch Speichelschlucken können dadurch massiv gestört werden. In diesem Fall konnten einer jungen, multimorbiden Frau durch die Zusammenarbeit des gesamten medizinischen Personals die Nahrungsaufnahme wieder ermöglicht und die Lebensqualität gesteigert werden.
Eight things you should never do in a monitoring program: an Australian perspective
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Woinarski John , Legge Sarah , Maron Martine , Garnett Stephen T. , Lavery Tyrone , Dielenberg Jaana , Wintle Brendan A.
Published: August 2022

Monitoring is critical to gauge the effect of environmental management interventions as well as to measure the effects of human disturbances such as climate change. Recognition of the critical need for monitoring means that, at irregular intervals, recommendations are made for new government-instigated programs or to revamp existing ones. Using insights from past well-intentioned (but sadly also often failed) attempts to establish and maintain government-instigated monitoring programs in Australia, we outline eight things that should never be done in environmental monitoring programs (if they aim to be useful). These are the following: (1) Never commence a new environmental management initiative without also committing to a monitoring program. (2) Never start a monitoring program without clear questions. (3) Never implement a monitoring program without first doing a proper experimental design. (4) Never ignore the importance of matching the purpose and objectives of a monitoring program to the design of that program. (5) Never change the way you monitor something without ensuring new methods can be calibrated with the old ones. (6) Never try to monitor everything. (7) Never collect data without planning to curate and report on it. (8) If possible, avoid starting a monitoring program without the necessary resources secured. To balance our “nevers”, we provide a checklist of actions that will increase the chances a monitoring program will actually measure the effectiveness of environmental management. Scientists and resource management practitioners need to be part of a stronger narrative for, and key participants in, well-designed, implemented, and maintained government-led monitoring programs. We argue that monitoring programs should be mandated in threatened species conservation programs and all new environmental management initiatives.
Electrochemical investigation of ion-beam sputter-deposited carbon thin films for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Hüger Erwin , Jin Chao , Schmidt Harald
Published: August 2022

The C-rate capability of 230 nm- and 16 nm-thin ion-beam sputter-deposited amorphous carbon films, an interesting class of carbonaceous material for lithium-ion batteries, was investigated up to Li-platting. Stepwise ascending and descending constant Li+ currents after each fifth cycle, followed by hundreds of cycles with the highest current were applied. The carbon films show similar cycling with irreversible losses during the first five cycles, followed by reversible cycling with a capacity close to that of graphite. The capacity is significantly lower at high currents; however, it is restored for subsequent cycling again at low currents. Differential charge and differential capacity curves reveal three Li+ uptake and three Li+ release peaks located between 0 and 3 V. Irreversible as well as reversible Li bonding can be associated with all these peaks. Irreversibly bonded Li can be found at the surface (solid electrolyte interphase) and in the bulk of the carbon films (Li trapping). Reversible Li bonding might be possible inside the carbon films in graphite-like nano-domains and at defects. The thinner film reveals a more pseudo-capacitive cycling behavior, pointing to enhanced Li kinetics.

Graphical abstract
Sintering condition-dependent electromechanical behavior of the lead-free piezoelectric Bi1/2K1/2TiO3
Authors: Eyoum Gina E. , Eckstein Udo , Riess Kevin , Gadelmawla Ahmed , Springer Eva , Webber Kyle G. , Khansur Neamul H.
Published: August 2022

Sintering conditions govern the optimized functional properties of ceramics. However, solid-state processing of Bi1/2K1/2TiO3 (BKT), an important end member for lead-free piezoelectric solid solutions suitable for higher temperature (≤ 300 °C) transducer applications, is challenging due to the low melting temperature (≈1070 °C). In this work, the sintering temperature (1030 °C, 1050 °C, and 1060 °C) and dwell time (10 h, 20 h, and 40 h)-dependent functional properties of solid-state processed BKT were investigated, where the sintering condition-dependent dielectric and electromechanical properties were correlated with the variations in crystal structure and microstructure. Although X-ray diffraction data revealed a single-phase tetragonal structure of BKT at room temperature for all sintering conditions, significant changes in both the tetragonal distortion and spontaneous relaxor-ferroelectric transition were observed, which were directly related to the optimized functional properties. In addition, Rayleigh behavior of the piezoelectric coefficient was characterized between −150 °C and 400 °C, demonstrating that the electromechanical response is dominated by the intrinsic contribution, which can be explained by large tetragonal distortion and associated suppression of non-180° domain wall motion.
Pulse Shape Analysis in Low-temperature Calorimeters Read-Out by NTD Thermistors
Authors: Biassoni M. , Brofferio C. , Carniti P. , Faverzani M. , Ferri E. , Ghislandi S. , Giachero A. , Gotti C. , Nutini I. , Pessina G. , Quitadamo S.
Published: August 2022

We present the application of a simplified thermal model for the description of the response function of low-temperature calorimeters consisting of $$\hbox {TeO}_2$$

TeO
2

crystals read-out by NTD thermistors operated at temperatures $$T \sim 10$$

T
∼
10

mK. Relying on both the analysis of the NTD load curves (from which we measured the main thermal conductances of the system) (Biassoni et al. in J Low Temp Phys 206:80–96, 2022) and on the analysis of the shape of thermal pulses acquired at different temperatures, we identified and quantified the physical parameters that determine the characteristic time constants of the pulses. In particular, we identified three different contributions to the heat capacity of the detector: the crystal phonon system (scaling as $$T^3$$

T
3

), the NTD electron system (scaling as T) and a term related to the metalization process of the NTD electrodes (scaling as $$T^{-2}$$

T

-
2

).
Meshfree Semi-Lagrangian Methods for Solving Surface Advection PDEs
Authors: Petras Argyrios , Ling Leevan , Ruuth Steven J.
Published: August 2022

We analyze a class of meshfree semi-Lagrangian methods for solving advection problems on smooth, closed surfaces with solenoidal velocity field. In particular, we prove the existence of an embedding equation whose corresponding semi-Lagrangian methods yield the ones in the literature for solving problems on surfaces. Our analysis allows us to apply standard bulk domain convergence theories to the surface counterparts. In addition, we provide detailed descriptions for implementing the proposed methods to run on point clouds. After verifying the convergence rates against the theory, we show that the proposed method is a robust building block for more complicated problems, such as advection problems with non-solenoidal velocity field, inviscid Burgers’ equations and systems of reaction advection diffusion equations for pattern formation.
Optimistic optimisation of composite objective with exponentiated update
Authors: Shao Weijia , Sivrikaya Fikret , Albayrak Sahin
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a new family of algorithms for the online optimisation of composite objectives. The algorithms can be interpreted as the combination of the exponentiated gradient and p-norm algorithm. Combined with algorithmic ideas of adaptivity and optimism, the proposed algorithms achieve a sequence-dependent regret upper bound, matching the best-known bounds for sparse target decision variables. Furthermore, the algorithms have efficient implementations for popular composite objectives and constraints and can be converted to stochastic optimisation algorithms with the optimal accelerated rate for smooth objectives.
Health-related quality of life of Australians during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison with pre-pandemic data and factors associated with poor outcomes
Authors: Mercieca-Bebber Rebecca , Campbell Rachel , Fullerton Dayna Jan , Kleitman Sabina , Costa Daniel S. J. , Candelaria Dion , Tait Margaret Ann , Norman Richard , King Madeleine
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Compare the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of the Australian general population during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) with pre-pandemic data (2015–2016) and identify pandemic-related and demographic factors associated with poorer HRQL.

Methods

Participants were quota sampled from an online panel by four regions (defined by active COVID-19 case numbers); then by age and sex. Participants completed an online survey about their HRQL [EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and General Health Question (GHQ)], demographic characteristics, and the impact of the pandemic on daily life. HRQL scores were compared to a 2015–2016 reference sample using independent t-tests, adjusted for multiple testing. Associations between 22 pre-specified factors (pandemic-related and demographic) and 15 QLQ-C30 domains and GHQ, were assessed with multiple regressions.

Results

Most domains were statistically significantly worse for the 2020 sample (n = 1898) compared to the reference sample (n = 1979), except fatigue and pain. Differences were largest for the youngest group (18–29 years) for cognitive functioning, nausea, diarrhoea, and financial difficulties. Emotional functioning was worse for 2020 participants aged 18–59, but not for those 60 +.

All models were statistically significant at p < .001; the most variance was explained for emotional functioning, QLQ-C30 global health/QOL, nausea/vomiting, GHQ, and financial difficulties. Generally, increased workload, negative COVID-19 impacts, COVID-19-related worries, and negative attitudes towards public health order compliance were associated with poorer HRQL outcomes.

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Australians reported poorer HRQL relative to a pre-pandemic sample. Risk factors for poor HRQL outcomes included greater negative pandemic-related impacts, poorer compliance attitudes, and younger age.

Trial registration

ANZCTR number is: ACTRN12621001240831. Web address of your trial: https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621001240831.aspx. Date submitted: 26/08/2021 2:56:53 PM. Date registered: 14/09/2021 9:40:31 AM. Registered by: Margaret-Ann Tait. Principal Investigator: Madeleine King.
Domain expertise extraction for finding rising stars
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhang Junjie , Cunningham Scott W.
Published: August 2022

The field of expertise extraction utilizes published research enabling communities to highlight and identify the skills of researchers within specific scientific domains. This can be useful for evaluating research performance, and in the case of rising stars, in identifying top scientific talent. Previous research has harvested a range of publication indicators in an effort to identify expertise and talent. These include content indicators, citation metrics, and also the position of a researcher within a full collaboration network of scientists. The existing mechanism of expertise extraction utilizes all papers attributed to a scientific author, thereby potentially neglecting their specific or specialized expertise. Here we show that a tensor decomposition technique when applied to the problem addresses a number of useful problems. This includes better identification of individual expertise, as well as an integrated appraisal of an author’s role in an extended scientific network. The technique will afford new analyses of knowledge production which consider specialisation and diversity as core elements for further analysis. More generally the tensor decomposition techniques presented in this paper can be applied to a range of scientometric problems where multi-modal data is encountered.
Environmental principles for modern sustainable economic frameworks including the circular economy
Authors: Morseletto Piero
Published: August 2022

A set of newly defined environmental principles can advance the sustainability performance of economic frameworks such as industrial ecology, cradle-to-cradle, and the circular economy. Currently, the environmental sustainability of these frameworks is mainly derived from the application of efficiency principles such as waste reduction, or closing and narrowing production, and consumption loops. However, these same principles can bring, in some cases, unintended outcomes that are detrimental to the environment. Efficiency principles also fall short of environmental sustainability aspirations, doing little to contribute to addressing the causes of current global environmental crises. This paper examines 7 widely applicable principles aimed at explicit environmental sustainability: doing no harm to nature, minimising environmental damage, restoring/remediating environmental damage, net-positive impact, no net loss, maintaining the health of ecosystems, and continual environmental improvement. These principles could markedly improve efforts to actively pursue sustainability and foster new economic forms that address our current unsustainable trajectories.
Does the one-size-fits-all setting meet the demand? Assessment of setting EV–charging-capable parking spaces in public parking lots based on agent simulation
Authors: Mei Zhenyu , Tang Wei , Feng Chi , Zhang Lihui , Wang Dianhai
Published: August 2022

Despite the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), the limited range and accessibility of charging infrastructure are still obstacles to the development of EVs. At present, the Chinese government has made great efforts to set up charging stations and the most popular construction mode of charging stations in China is to divide a certain proportion of parking spaces in the parking lot to build charge piles. The proportion for every parking lot is the same and recommended by the government, which is a one-size-fits-all construction strategy. Nevertheless, with the growth of EVs, some challenges arise such as how to improve the accessibility of charging facilities in hot parking lots. The current work addresses this challenge by correctly forecasting the charging demand of EVs based on simulation. In particular, in this paper, based on agent simulation technology, electric vehicle agent, fuel vehicle agent and parking lot agent are established to predict the charging demand and the Wulin business district of Hangzhou City is used as an example to predict the charging demand of nine public parking lots. Simulation results show that under the current number of EVs, this one-size-fits-all setting strategy can meet the demand with high accessibility. However, with the increasing of EVs, the spatial distribution of charging demand will be more uneven and a decline in system overall benefits will appear, considering both EVs charging and fuel vehicles parking. Given all this, an optimization method based on GA (Genetic Algorithm) is put forward and an optimized setting strategy is proposed.
Singular symplectic spaces and holomorphic membranes
Authors: Galkin Sergey , Mikhalkin Grigory
Published: August 2022

We set up a topological framework for degenerations of symplectic manifolds into singular spaces paying a special attention to the behavior of Lagrangian manifolds and their (holomorphic) membranes. We show that degenerations into singular toric varieties provide a source of exotic Lagrangian tori.
“Just Right” Policing: a Job for Science
Authors: Sherman Lawrence W.
Published: August 2022

Research Question

Can police develop the concept of “signal failures” to build a science of “just right” policing, learning from the mistakes of both “under-policing” and “over-policing”?

Data

Qualitative documentation of “signal failure” events across the history of Anglo-American policing that have generated widespread public disapproval of police actions or inactions.

Methods

This communication analyzes and illustrates the potential value of applying scientific methods to signal failures, as a potential source of learning from past failures to prevent future disapproval.

Findings

There are at least four dimensions for pre-mortems against signal failures: quantity of officers present at an incident, quantity of force used by police, quality of choices police make in deciding what to do, and quality of how well police do what is decided to be done. Signal failures can be collected historically and contemporaneously in large police forces, or across multiple smaller forces at a state or provincial level. They can be compared to samples of similar events that did not become signal failures. Even a simple case-control comparison can be a method for predicting which dimension of an event might be most likely to cause a signal failure. Yet building such data bases requires that police records systems become easier to access, so that both internal and external research can be done to enhance “just right” policing.

Conclusion

Like many rare events, it is convenient to dismiss signal failures as “flukes” with little potential for prevention. But like airplane crashes and house fires, rare events can be made even rarer. The value of the scientific method cannot be dismissed without testing its application to these major threats to police legitimacy. “Just right” policing may depend on it.
The function of teacher dashboards depends on the amount of time pressure in the classroom situation: Results from teacher interviews and an experimental study
Authors: van Leeuwen Anouschka , Rummel Nikol
Published: August 2022

Teacher dashboards are visual displays that provide information to teachers about their learners. In this article, we address teacher dashboards in the context of computer-supported student collaboration in primary education. We examine the role of different types of dashboards for the specific purpose of aiding teachers in identifying which group of collaborating students is in need of support. This question is addressed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. First, an interview study is reported in which teachers’ views (n = 10) on and perceptions of the acceptability of different types of dashboards were examined. Then, the results of an experimental vignette study are reported, which built upon on the interview study, and in which teachers (n = 35) interacted with mirroring or advising dashboards. Together, the studies revealed that the classroom situation, such as differing levels of time pressure, plays an important role regarding what type of dashboard is beneficial for a teacher to use in the classroom. The theoretical contribution of our study lies in a conceptual and empirical investigation of the relation between teachers’ need for control and their perception of different types of dashboards. Our study also points to several practical implications and directions for future research.
Analysis of gene expression changes in wheat in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis infection using RNA-Seq
Authors: Wu Xujiang , Wang Junchan , Li Lei , Zhang Xiao , Jiang Wei , Li Man , Gao Derong , Zhang Boqiao , Lu Chengbin
Published: August 2022

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the world. Rhizoctonia cerealis, the causal agent of wheat sharp eyespot disease, has 21 become epidemic in many countries. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analysis in wheat infected by R. cerealis at 0, 12, 30, 70, and 98 h post-infection using R. cerealis-resistant and -susceptible genotypes (CI12633 and ‘Yangmai15’, respectively). We used quantitative real-time PCR to validate the Illumina gene expression data, and identified new gene annotations for 23,654 unigenes in the RNA samples from the resistant and susceptible cultivars. Comparing the same inoculation times, we found that the number of DEGs (differentially-expressed genes) increased gradually before 70 h and declined at 98 h in the two RNA samples. Furthermore, the expression of resistance-associated genes occurred earlier in CI12633 than in ‘Yangmai15’, and higher mRNA expression levels were detected in CI12633; this suggests that timing and relative expression levels of these genes are important in the CI12633-R. cerealis interaction. Functional annotations associated with sharp eyespot resistance included genes involved in energy production and conversion, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, and defense mechanisms. The results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs participate in glutathione metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, lysine degradation, plant-pathogen interaction, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and other resistance-associated metabolic pathways. Disease inoculation experiments and the validation of in vitro antifungal activity of the candidate genes showed that the genes were up- or down-regulated in the resistant genotype CI12633 30 h after inoculation compared to its control, which validated the results of the RNA-seq analysis. The results of our study will help to understand the molecular basis of the host response to R. cerealis infection in wheat, and will also enable the future genetic improvement of sharp eyespot resistance in wheat through the incorporation of novel resistance genes.
Social Support Predicts Differential Use, but not Differential Effectiveness, of Expressive Suppression and Social Sharing in Daily Life
Authors: Pauw Lisanne S. , Medland Hayley , Paling Sarah J. , Moeck Ella K. , Greenaway Katharine H. , Kalokerinos Elise K. , Hinton Jordan D. X. , Hollenstein Tom , Koval Peter
Published: August 2022

While emotion regulation often happens in the presence of others, little is known about how social context shapes regulatory efforts and outcomes. One key element of the social context is social support. In two experience sampling studies (Ns = 179 and 123), we examined how the use and affective consequences of two fundamentally social emotion-regulation strategies—social sharing and expressive suppression—vary as a function of perceived social support. Across both studies, we found evidence that social support was associated with variation in people’s use of these strategies, such that when people perceived their environments as being higher (vs. lower) in social support, they engaged in more sharing and less suppression. However, we found only limited and inconsistent support for context-dependent affective outcomes of suppression and sharing: suppression was associated with better affective consequences in the context of higher perceived social support in Study 1, but this effect did not replicate in Study 2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the use of social emotion-regulation strategies may depend on contextual variability in social support, whereas their effectiveness does not. Future research is needed to better understand the circumstances in which context-dependent use of emotion regulation may have emotional benefits, accounting for personal, situational, and cultural factors.
Potential demographic dividend for India, 2001 to 2061: a macro-simulation projection using the spectrum model
Authors: Jain Neha , Goli Srinivas
Published: August 2022

This paper projects potential demographic dividend for India for the period from 2001 to 2061 by using simulation modelling software, Spectrum 5.753 which integrates demographic and socio-economic changes. The simulation results highlight that a combination of favourable demographic changes and the right socio-economic policy scenario can provide a maximum demographic dividend to India. Two key findings, after checking their robustness, from the simulation modelling are: First, the effective demographic windows of opportunity for India is available for the period between 2011 and 2041, giving India roughly 30 years of demographic bonus. It is the period where the maximum of the first demographic dividend can be reaped before the ageing burden starts. Second, favourable demographic changes alone has potential to provide a demographic dividend in terms of GDP per capita over 165,000 rupees which is equivalent to an additional 43 percentage for ‘demographic-emphasis scenario’ (Rs. 548,600) compared to ‘demographic as-usual scenario’ (Rs. 382,750) in 2061. However, reaping demographic dividend is conditional on supporting socio-economic policy environment in terms of investment in human capital and decent employment opportunities.
The Gothic Revival in nineteenth century Catholic America: Patrick Charles Keely (1816–1896) and his extensive contribution
Authors: Taylor Julie
Published: August 2022

Patrick Charles Keely was arguably America’s greatest nineteenth century Catholic architect. He was responsible for the designs of hundreds of Catholic churches and cathedrals across the north-east of the region throughout the century. He was also instrumental in transforming contemporary Catholic church designs, when he introduced Gothic Revival styles to Catholic church building in the 1840s. By categorising and documenting the styles of the notable Catholic churches that were constructed during the period, this research demonstrates that not only did Keely introduce Gothic Revival architecture to Catholic church building, but he also popularised it to the extent that it became the dominant style for Catholic church construction for the rest of the century. He also continuously developed the style in line with changing architectural concepts and fashions and modified his own version of the Gothic style, to make it affordable for less affluent congregations.
On a mixed singular/switching control problem with multiple regimes
Authors: Kelbert Mark , Moreno-Franco Harold A.
Published: August 2022

This paper studies a mixed singular/switching stochastic control problem for a multidimensional diffusion with multiple regimes on a bounded domain. Using probabilistic partial differential equation and penalization techniques, we show that the value function associated with this problem agrees with the solution to a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. In this way, we see that the regularity of the value function is
$ \textrm{C}^{0,1}\cap \textrm{W}^{2,\infty}_{\textrm{loc}}$
.
Diversity among research coordinators in a pediatric emergency medicine research collaborative network
Authors: Shihabuddin Bashar S. , Fritter Jessica , Ellison Angela M. , Cruz Andrea T.
Published: August 2022

We conducted a survey study of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) at the member institutions of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, to determine the demographic and linguistic characteristics of CRCs around the network, and any perceived impact of those characteristics on their duties. A total of 53/74 CRCs completed the survey. Most respondents identified as “female,” “white,” and “not Hispanic/Latino.” Most respondents felt that their race/ethnicity and their ability to speak a language other than English would positively impact recruitment. Four female respondents felt that their gender hindered their recruitment efforts and their sense of belonging within the research team.
Development of an Index to Assess COVID-19 Hospital Care Installed Capacity in the 450 Brazilian Health Regions
Authors: Pereira Claudia Cristina de Aguiar , Soares Fernando Ramalho Gameleira , Machado Carla Jorge , Frio Gustavo Saraiva , Alves Layana Costa , Herkrath Fernando José , Lima Rodrigo Tobias de Sousa , Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Silva Everton Nunes da , Andrade Anny Beatriz Costa Antony de , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The article seeks to assess the Brazilian health system ability to respond to the challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by measuring the capacity of Brazilian hospitals to care for COVID-19 cases in the 450 Health Regions of the country during the year 2020. Hospital capacity refers to the availability of hospital beds, equipment, and human resources.

Methods:

We used longitudinal data from the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES) regarding the availability of resources necessary to care for patients with COVID-19 in inpatient facilities (public or private) from January to December 2020. Among the assessed resources are health professionals (certified nursing assistants, nurses, physical therapists, and doctors), hospital beds (clinical, intermediate care, and intensive care units), and medical equipment (computed tomography scanners, defibrillators, electrocardiograph monitors, ventilators, and resuscitators). In addition to conducting a descriptive analysis of absolute and relative data (per 10,000 users), a synthetic indicator named Installed Capacity Index (ICI) was calculated using the multivariate principal component analysis technique to assess hospital capacity. The indicator was further stratified into value ranges to understand its evolution.

Results:

There was an increase in all selected indicators between January and December 2020. It was possible to observe differences between the Northeast and North regions and the other regions of the country; most Health Regions presented low ICI. The ICI increased between the beginning and the end of 2020, but this evolution differed among Health Regions. The average increase in the ICI was more evident in the groups that already had considerably high baseline capacity in January 2020.

Conclusions:

It was possible to identify inequalities in the hospital capacity to care for patients affected by COVID -19 in the Health Regions of Brazil, with a concentration of low index values in the Northeast and North of the country. As the indicator increased throughout the year 2020, inequalities were also observed. The information here provided may be used by health authorities, providers, and managers in planning and adjusting for future COVID-19 care and in dimensioning the adequate supply of hospital beds, health-care professionals, and devices in Health Regions to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. We recommend that the ICI continue to be calculated in the coming months of the pandemic to monitor the capacity in the country’s Health Regions.
CHRONOLOGY OF IBA SHAFT TOMBS IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT: INTEGRAL PART OF THE IBA CULTURE FROM BEGINNING TO END
Authors: Lev Ron , Govrin Yehuda , Horowitz Zach , Mintz Eugenia , Regev Lior , Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: August 2022

Vast burial fields, some with hundreds of burials, categorize the southern Levant’s Intermediate Bronze Age period (IBA). This phenomenon contrasts with a limited number of burials found from the preceding Early Bronze III period. This paper presents the first radiocarbon dating research of sampled bones from shaft tombs from five IBA burial sites across Israel: Yehud, Jebel Qaaqir, Sheikh-Danon, Hazorea, and Kefar-Veradim. Prescreening methods, including Fourier transform infrared analysis, were applied to identify best-preserved collagen in archaeological bones for radiocarbon dating. Overall, the measured date ranges cover the IBA timeline, supporting the observation that the IBA signature shaft tombs are a fundamental tradition of the IBA culture, at least in Israel. A single IBA shaft tomb at Jebel Qaaqir which contained remains of multiple humans, supplied different dates for various people, spanning over a few hundred years. These results suggest a tribal or family-oriented IBA community with a long-lasting tradition reflected in centuries of collective burial practices.