bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy, available treatment, and diagnostic methods of dental caries in practice: a meta-analysis
Authors: Momeni-Moghaddam Mona , Hashemi Cyrus , Fathi Amirhossein , Khamesipour Faham
Published: May 2022

Background

Diagnosis of dental caries and identification of patients with dental caries is the biggest challenge in dentistry. For this diagnostic accuracy, several methods are studied. The present study attempts to re-study the published data in the last 50 years, between 1960 and 2020.

Main body

Based on designed keywords, we made a thorough search of 4 different databases and found 3887 articles after removing the duplicate. The included database was PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. On keen screening of the articles, we included 19 articles in the review. All the articles were analyzed based on the Cochrane risk assessment method. Maximum studies of up to 80% of caries management are based on children from 1 to 10 years of age. About 47% of articles were found based on reported use of drugs against dental caries, whereas 52.6% of articles were based on the behavioral and socio-demographic study of the mother and caretakers. We found that attentive parents and caretakers of the children can help in reducing the prevention of caries. Frese et al. (Sci Rep. 8(1):16991, 2018.10.1038/s41598-018-34777-x), Liu et al. (PLoS ONE 8(11):e78723, 2013.10.1371/journal.pone.0078723), and Innes et al. J Dent Res 99(1):36–43, 2020.10.1177/0022034519888882) were the studied articles with high quality and low bias risk. These methods were based on the use of stannous fluoride for dental caries, the study of the effect of smoking on older adults, by checking the anxiety level of the participants.

Short conclusions

Tooth decay is a common condition in the general population and affects mostly children. The method with high accuracy and low risk can be recommended for routine treatment.
A Century With Craniopagus Twin Separation Surgeries: Nihilism to Optimism
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Kedia Shweta , Rath Girija Prasad , Pandia Mihir Prakash , Chauhan Sandeep , Sharma Rajeev , Raheja Amol , Darbari Shaurya , Kamra Devasheesh , Malik Vishwas , Saxena Anita , Hote Milind , Lodha Rakesh , Gulati Sheffali , Jauhari Prashant , Sankar Jhuma , Sinha Aditi , Bagga Arvind , Kapil Arti , Singhal Maneesh , Chauhan Shashank , Tiwari Raja , Prabhakar Anuj , Gaikwad Shailesh B. , Takizawa Katsumi , Sabapathy S. Raja , Mazzeo Anna Teresa , Jaryal Ashok , Kale Shashank Sharad , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2022

Craniopagus conjoined twins are extremely rare, reported 1 in 2.5 million live births. To date, 62 separation attempts in 69 well-documented cases of craniopagus twins have been made. Of these, 34 were performed in a single-stage approach, and 28 were attempted in a multistage approach. One or both twins died of massive intraoperative blood loss and cardiac arrest in 14 cases. We report our surgical experience with conjoined craniopagus twins (JB) with type III total vertical joining and shared circumferential/circular sinus with left-sided dominance. A brief review of the literature is also provided. In our twins, the meticulous preoperative study and planning by the multidisciplinary team consisting of 125-member, first-staged surgical separation consisted of creation of venous conduit to bypass part of shared circumferential sinus and partial hemispheric disconnection. Six weeks later, twin J manifested acute cardiac overload because of one-way fistula development from blocked venous bypass graft necessitating emergency final separation surgery. Unique perioperative issues were abnormal anatomy, hemodynamic sequelae from one-way fistula development after venous bypass graft thrombosis, cardiac arrest after massive venous air embolism requiring prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and return of spontaneous circulation at 15 minutes immediately after separation. This is the first Indian craniopagus separation surgery in a complex total vertical craniopagus twin reported by a single-center multidisciplinary team. Both twins could be sent home, but one remained severely handicapped. Adequate perioperative planning and multidisciplinary team approach are vital in craniopagus twin separation surgeries.
Rampant C-to-U deamination accounts for the intrinsically high mutation rate in SARS-CoV-2 spike gene
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Liu Xuan , Zhou Jie , Dong Yu , Jiang Wen , Jiang Wenqing
Published: May 2022

The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 largely complicates our control of the pandemic. In particular, it is currently unclear why the spike (S) gene has an extraordinarily high mutation rate among all SARS-CoV-2 genes. By analyzing the occurrence of fixed synonymous mutations between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13, and profiling the DAF (derived allele frequency) of polymorphic synonymous sites among millions of worldwide SARS-CoV-2 strains, we found that both fixed and polymorphic mutations show higher mutation rates in the S gene than other genes. The majority of mutations are C-to-T, representing the APOBEC-mediated C-to-U deamination instead of the previously proposed A-to-I deamination. Both in silico and in vivo evidence indicated that the S gene is more likely to be single-stranded compared to other SARS-CoV-2 genes, agreeing with the APOBEC preference of ssRNA. We conclude that the single-stranded property of the S gene makes it a favorable target for C-to-U deamination, leading to its excessively high mutation rate compared to other non-S genes. In conclusion, APOBEC, rather than ADAR, is the “editor-in-chief” of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. This work helps us to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and we believe it will contribute to the control of the pandemic.
Ultrasound therapy of diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Samosiuk I. , Zubkova S. , Chuhraeva E. , Samosiuk N. , Zukow W.
Published: May 2022

maryWe studied the possibility of low-frequency UST in the correction of carbohydrate metabolism by assessing levels of fasting glucose and Cpeptide, as well as the content of the contrinsuline hormones (cortisol, samatotropin) in groups of diabetic patients.Ultrasonic treatment was carried out at 44 kHz and amplitude of oscillations 2 microns using the therapeutic device MIT-11 on theprojection area of the pancreas stable technique, 5 times per week, exposure to the session for 3 minutes. As the contact material used liquid paraffin.To enhance the effect further impacted on the segmental zone Th7-Th12 labile technique for 2 min. for each area to the left and right. The treatmentcourse consisted of 8-10 sessions. Patients were followed for 12 months. Ultrasonic treatment was carried out against lowering drug therapy, 91patients aged 18-78 years, including type 1 diabetes was observed in 23 individuals (control group), and type 2 - 68 people. First identified diabeteswas diagnosed in 47 patients, the remaining 44 suffered from more than 5 years. Before and after treatment were studied basal levels of C-peptide,cortisol and growth hormone (GH) in serum of venous blood radio immunoassay, we determined the glycemic profile and blood sugar levels in dailyurine.Analysis of results showed that 82% surveyed, under the influence of treatment was recorded reduction of hyperglycemia with newlydiagnosed diabetes type 1 diabetes and type 2, as well as a long ill patients. Blood glucose levels prior to treatment during the day ranged from 10-15mmol / l after the treatment - 6.10 mg / dL.The resulting dynamics parameters after UST during observation showed an improvement insulinoproductive function of the pancreasunder the influence of ultrasound exposure, which contributed to a more rapid onset of diabetes compensation and reduce the dose glucose-loweringdrugs.UST is combined with many kinds of physiotherapy effects: electrotherapy, massage, balneotherapy, laser-and SWT-therapy and otheroptions for therapy with electromagnetic waves, enhancing their effect. This kind of treatment so far has not found wide application in the treatment ofdiabetes and its complications, however, is a promising method of physiotherapy treatment, given its mechanism of action and different ways ofapplication.
Gathering Information Before Negotiation
Authors: Guo Liang
Published: May 2022

Uncertainty may exist about the desirability of trade in bilateral bargaining. For instance, buyers may not know their value perfectly and sellers may not be fully aware of their cost structure. We endogenize the expected surplus of trade by considering information gathering before price negotiation between a seller and a buyer. We show that prebargaining information acquisition can reverse standard findings in canonical bargaining models, regarding how the bargaining primitives may influence the equilibrium expected payoffs and the negotiated price. In particular, a higher bargaining power can result in a lower expected payoff, because the other party’s reduced incentive to acquire information would reduce the total pie to be split between the parties. In the same vein, the seller’s expected payoff can decrease as its material cost becomes lower or its outside option improves, and the buyer can be hurt by a higher value from the transaction or from its outside option. Similarly, the seller/buyer may become worse off by having more information if that induces the counter party to acquire less information. In addition, the expected negotiated price may decrease with the seller’s relative bargaining power, its material/opportunity cost, or the buyer’s incremental value. We also examine the robustness of the basic results under joint information acquisition or noncredible communication. Moreover, we show that a shopping intermediary may prefer to decrease the seller’s bargaining power or increase the buyer’s cost of gathering information. We discuss how our findings can shed light on practice and empirical research.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Funding: This workwas supported by Hong Kong RGC [DAG Grant].
Atuação da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Casos de Violência Sexual contra Crianças e Adolescentes
Authors: Setti Sandra Mara , Trindade Adalberto De Araújo , Hohendorff Jean Von
Published: May 2022

Considerando a cobertura e a posição privilegiada que a atenção básica em saúde ocupa na identificação e enfrentamento da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, o presente estudo teve por objetivo compreender como a equipe de uma Estratégia Saúde da Família intervém nestes casos. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, documental e baseado na inserção ecológica. Foram realizadas observações da rotina da Estratégia Saúde da Família, análise de prontuários e entrevistas com os/as profissionais. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir da Análise Temática, sob ótica da Teoria Bieocológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Os principais resultados indicaram a ausência de protocolo no atendimento às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual na Estratégia Saúde da Família estudada, falta de capacitação dos/as profissionais no atendimento e manejo desses casos e fragilidades da rede intersetorial. Assim, a atuação da Estratégia Saúde da Família requer aprimoramentos, como capacitações e elaboração de fluxos de atendimento, garantindo o cuidado integral e continuado das crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual e de suas famílias.
A Atuação dos Multiplicadores Ambientais em Saneamento Compreendida à Luz da Educação Ambiental Emancipatória
Authors: Santos Igor Schutz dos , Kuhnen Ariane
Published: May 2022

As políticas de saneamento têm como objetivo a melhoria e manutenção do bem-estar na sociedade. No Brasil, o trabalho em empresas deste contexto pode incluir a educação ambiental, oportunidade para sensibilização da população quanto à preservação dos recursos hídricos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a educação ambiental para o saneamento e compreender a atuação dos educadores à luz do modelo emancipatório. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e qualitativo. Realizou-se o acompanhamento de atividades de educação ambiental realizadas na Companhia Catarinense de Águas e Saneamento e entrevistas com 19 trabalhadores denominados multiplicadores ambientais. As características das atividades foram registradas através de diário de campo e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva. As entrevistas foram gravadas e os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo através do software Atlas.ti, versão 7.5.7. Os resultados permitiram conhecer as características das atividades de educação ambiental realizadas, dos visitantes e dos participantes. As categorias identificadas demonstraram que a atuação dos multiplicadores ambientais é compreendida por seu desenvolvimento, relação com atividades principais, competências, impactos aos visitantes e avaliação da educação ambiental realizada. Tal atuação é parcialmente congruente com a educação ambiental crítica e emancipatória. Identificaram-se oportunidades para o engajamento de trabalhadores em atividades ambientalmente responsáveis.
O espaço da memória em dois contos de João Melo
Authors: De Souza Renata Cristine Gomes
Published: May 2022

No presente artigo trazemos uma análise de dois contos de João Melo, “Trinta e cinco anos” e os “Os marginais”. Os textos que abrem e fecham a obra, Os marginais em outros contos, carregam a proposta do livro, de balanço e reavaliação do processo de descolonização e a pós independência. Para tal trazemos uma análise espacial,  que se foca nos lugares percorridos e no espaço da memória. Para tal, teremos como base teórica estudiosos como Paul Ricoeur, Roberto Vecchi e Benedito Nunes.
Literatura de autoria feminina como ferramenta de reivindicação social da mulher
Authors: Grossel Amanda Karine , De Souza Maurini
Published: May 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem teórica e analítica acerca da literatura de autoria feminina aliada à condição social da mulher historicamente e propõe formas dessa temática ser introduzida na educação. O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre os papéis ocupados ao longo do tempo pelas mulheres através da análise de obras de pensadoras da área, especialmente de Virginia Woolf, bem como de obras literárias e suas escritoras provenientes de diferentes lugares e períodos, provando que a questão das injustiças sofridas pela mulher foi e é, ainda hoje, um problema mundial, que precisa ser abolido para a construção de uma sociedade justa e ética.
O heroísmo soviético e seus limites em "Coro de soldados", seção de Vozes de Tchernóbil: a história oral do desastre nuclear, de Svetlana Aleksiévitch
Authors: Passos Arthur Almeida
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo, estudo “Coro de soldados”, seção de Vozes de Tchernóbil: a história oral do desastre nuclear, de Svetlana Aleksiévitch. Meu objetivo é investigar nela aspectos interpretáveis como heroicos, hipoteticamente tecidos em testemunhos de militares e civis que trabalharam nos escombros da catástrofe de Tchernóbil. Procuro demonstrar que tais declarações, ao serem examinadas à luz de reflexões críticas e teóricas acerca da obra da autora, da mentalidade heroica do século XX e da própria figura do herói, fazem perceber tanto a natureza e o peso do heroísmo na União Soviética como os limites da condição a qual ele é capaz de propiciar àqueles que efetivamente se tornam heróis nas circunstâncias focalizadas pela narrativa.
Meme no pensamento e na ação: o conceito do bom contágio
Authors: Ferreira Pinheiro José Mauro , Carneiro Cavalcanti Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Como demonstram Lakoff e Johnson (2002 [1980]), segundo a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (TMC), a metáfora é um recurso sobretudo cognitivo. Valemo-nos de conceitos mais concretos para pensar e falar sobre experiências mais abstratas. O presente artigo objetiva, assim, analisar a conceptualização de meme à luz da TMC (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002 [1980]; EVANS; GREEN, 2006; KÖVECSES, 2010). Reúnem-se, para tanto, definições de meme formuladas por Dawkins (2007) e Jenkins (2009) de modo a estabelecer análise comparativa entre o momento em que se originou a palavra meme e o momento atual. Os achados evidenciam a relevância das metáforas meme é doença e comunicação é contágio em ambos os autores, muito embora apontem para divergências importantes quanto à perspectivação do usuário dessa mídia.
Apresentação
Authors: Alves Lais , Verçosa Thayane
Published: May 2022

Apresentação do número 38
NA CONTRAMÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL E IMPLICAÇÕES NA PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Dias Maria José Da Silva
Published: May 2022

O ensaio tece reflexões acerca dos processos educativos escolares, incluindo aspectos relativos à formação docente e outros temas insurgentes durante a crise sanitária do novo coronavírus, nas tramas de sistemas educacionais que se amparam no viés ideológico da pedagogia tradicional, mas que convivem, de algum modo, com a relevância assumida pela pedagogia crítica. Por intermédio da articulação da permanência do racionalismo técnico naturalizado nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem adiciona-se o anúncio dos benefícios que se alcançam quando as lógicas dominantes são substituídas por ações forjadas em bases crítica e reflexiva. Nessa contextualização, discorre sobre o ensino remoto emergencial, imposto como alternativa viável à manutenção do calendário escolar de 2020, durante o período da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Contempla ainda, o trabalho docente e a maneira como foi afetado, explana alternativas à reprodução, alimentando ações que se ancoram em recursos midiáticos, especialmente as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, que serviram ao fomento de um projeto educativo emancipatório.
“ISSO JÁ PASSOU, TÁ GERAL SE PEGANDO JÁ”: INVESTIGANDO OS USOS DO GRINDR EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Ruani Ruann Moutinho , Teixeira Marcelle Medeiros , Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

Este artigo, recorte de pesquisa de mestrado recentemente finalizada, propõe-se a conhecer práticas de namoro/“pegação” de homens gays que vêm utilizando o aplicativo Grindr na pandemia. Para isso, adotamos o método da cartografia e entendemos que o trabalho investigativo da/o cartógrafa/o encontra-se aberto à imprevisibilidade das práticas cotidianas ao buscar acompanhar os processos que formam o “relevo da paisagem”. Com os subsídios teórico-metodológicos da cartografia, conversamos com quatro homens gays pelo WhatsApp entre julho de 2020 e abril de 2021. Apostamos na conversa online como procedimento metodológico e interagimos com os sujeitos mediante uma postura investigativa alteritária que valoriza a horizontalidade das vozes, ou seja, buscamos romper com a ideia de que pesquisadoras/es colocam-se na posição de superioridade em relação aos interlocutores da pesquisa. A conversa com os sujeitos evidenciou que, enquanto não houver maior conscientização da população sobre os perigos da COVID-19, continuaremos assistindo de camarote na internet a jovens e adultos marcando encontros presenciais, fazendo “pegação” e contribuindo para que o novo coronavírus continue circulando.
“JÁ CURTIU ALGUM VÍDEO HOJE?”: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A FERRAMENTA ENGVID NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DE INGLÊS
Authors: Almeida Ricardo Regis
Published: May 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar em que medida os vídeos presentes no website EngVid podem contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa mediado pelas tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC). Para tanto, a base teórica do trabalho está ancorada nos estudos sobre mediação pedagógica e as TDIC e em estudos sobre o uso do vídeo na sala de aula. Além disso, há uma contextualização do website com base em uma tabela de critérios criada para a avaliação de ferramentas digitais de informação e comunicação e a análise de três vídeos presentes na página do EngVid de acordo com as seguintes proposições: vídeo como sensibilização, vídeo como conteúdo de ensino e vídeo como expressão. As análises apontam que é possível integrar as TDIC em práticas pedagógicas que buscam valorizar a relação dialética e política entre os sujeitos que utilizam esses vídeos para aprender línguas (sujeitos sociais) e a própria ferramenta (objeto técnico).
Can I negotiate?
Authors: Sadler Donna
Published: May 2022

Donna Sadler explains why the answer is yes!
O NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: A FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO COMO MEIO DE INSTRUMENTALIZAÇÃO E ADEQUAÇÃO DO CURRÍCULO
Authors: Cavalcanti Fabio , Do Prado Ferraz de Carvalho Celso
Published: May 2022

Teses que defendem a flexibilização curricular na organização do ensino médio tornaram-se comuns nas últimas décadas. Seu corolário é a defesa que fazem da flexibilização curricular como meio de contribuir para adequar a formação oferecida no ensino médio às demandas de formação profissional dos estudantes dessa faixa etária. As marcas dessa narrativa estão na LDB, nos PCN da década de 1990, na reforma do ensino médio de 2017 e na BNCC. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a tese de um currículo flexível é incorporado no novo Currículo Paulista, argumentar como a inversão das funções da escola, no qual o direito ao conhecimento científico acumulado pela humanidade ao longo dos séculos é trocado pelas aprendizagens mínimas demandadas pelos processos de trabalho. Também, refletir sobre a diminuição dos conteúdos curriculares oferecidos aos alunos, especificamente na disciplina de física e, consequentemente, a diminuição da carga horária dos professores dessa disciplina.
CONCEPÇÃO DE INFÂNCIA E LUDICIDADE: UM OLHAR SOBRE A PROPOSTA DE ATIVIDADES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC)
Authors: Pereira Silva Thalita , Nogueira Ione da Silva Cunha
Published: May 2022

O brincar, atividade fundamental na Educação Infantil, constitui-se como uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social infantil. A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a relevância da ludicidade para a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento das crianças a partir da perspectiva de Vygotsky, estabelecendo comparação entre sua teoria e as atividades propostas para a Educação Infantil na nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Na tentativa de atingir este objetivo, as abordagens metodológicas adotadas nesta pesquisa se pautaram na pesquisa bibliográfica consolidada por meio do estudo da teoria de Vygotsky e estudo documental da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Embora algumas práticas pedagógicas estejam voltadas para a antecipação do processo de alfabetização e separação entre brincar e aprender, os resultados evidenciam o quanto o brincar é imprescindível durante o período da infância, possibilitando à criança conhecer a si e ao mundo, se constituindo como atividade fundamental para o desenvolvimento integral infantil.
A EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: POSSIBILIDADES EM PESQUISA-AÇÃO
Authors: Sodré Sousa Lizandra , De Sousa Carvalho Herli
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo visa apresentar as contribuições da pesquisa-ação na Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais na Educação Superior. A pesquisa-ação caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa em ação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico sob o olhar qualitativo. A partir da apresentação das características e fundamentos da pesquisa-ação, busca-se refletir sobre suas possibilidades como prática investigativa no âmbito do combate ao racismo no contexto universitário. Para isso, utilizou-se da pesquisa qualitativa por meio da revisão bibliográfica, com destaque para os estudos de René Barbier (2007), Thiollent (1986),  entre outros. Identificou-se que a pesquisa-ação enquanto metodologia de caráter colaborativo e interventivo na realidade investigada busca incitar reflexões que conduzem a mudanças efetivas na prática. Desse modo, apresenta-se como uma estratégia necessária à área educacional, pois permite o aprofundamento na temática das relações étnico-raciais e o desenvolvimento de ações que promovam a igualdade étnico-racial na universidade.
ANÁLISE DE PROSA E GRUPO DE DISCUSSÃO: ALTERNATIVAS METODOLÓGICAS PARA O MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Assis de Miranda Nonato , Moço Aparício Ana Sílvia , Cangueiro Silva André dos Anjos
Published: May 2022

O artigo traz algumas alternativas para o encaminhamento dos projetos de pesquisa no Mestrado Profissional (MP) em educação. Toma como pano de fundo um texto publicado pela professora Marli André, no início da década de 1980, por meio do qual ela chamou a atenção para o crescimento do uso da abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e propôs a Análise de Prosacomo alternativa para a análise desses dados. Nosso objetivo foi recuperar essa discussão e demonstrar que tanto a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa quanto a pesquisa aplicada se constituem em meios adequados para a realização dos projetos de pesquisa nos MP. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e documental, apresentamos os desafios da coleta e análise de dados qualitativos. Como alternativa, propomos o emprego do Grupo de Discussão, que pode ser utilizado remotamente em razão da pandemia de covid-19 para coletar dados, e a Análise de Prosa para análise desses dados nos programas profissionais em educação.
A utilização ritual de insetos em diferentes contextos socioculturais
Authors: Costa Neto Eraldo M.
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo descreve brevemente o uso ritual de insetos em diferentes contextos culturais ao redor do mundo. Desde os tempos antigos, esses animais vêm desempenhando papéis significativos na religião, mitologia, ritos, crenças e medicina mágica de vários povos. Em algumas partes do Brasil, os insetos são o principal ingrediente usado na preparação de pembas, as quais são empregadas para purificar casas e proteger os indivíduos contra influências maléficas (mau-olhado) ou mesmo transferir essas influências para determinas pessoas. O envolvimento de insetos na vida diária dos seres humanos mostra o quanto esses organismos são importantes. Portanto, eles merecem uma melhor consideração por parte dos cientistas, especialmente dos ethnoentomólogos.
Nota sobre a família Sphyraenidae (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Scombroidei) na Baía de Todos os Santos e Ilha de Itaparica (Bahia)
Authors: Lopes Paulo R. D. , Oliveira-Silva Jailza Tavares de
Published: May 2022

As espécies da família Sphyraenidae procedentes da Baía de Todos os Santos e Ilha de Itaparica (litoral do Estado da Bahia) são apresentadas com base em material depositado nas coleções do Laboratório de Ictiologia (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana) e do Museu Nacional (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). Apenas duas espécies, já conhecidas para a costa brasileira, foram indentificadas: Sphyraena barracuda ( Walbaum, 1972) e S. guachaucho Cuvier, 1829.
FCE-Net: a fast image contrast enhancement method based on deep learning for biomedical optical images
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Wu Peng , Chen Siqi , Gong Hui , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: May 2022

Optical imaging is an important tool for exploring and understanding structures of biological tissues. However, due to the heterogeneity of biological tissues, the intensity distribution of the signal is not uniform and contrast is normally degraded in the raw image. It is difficult to be used for subsequent image analysis and information extraction directly. Here, we propose a fast image contrast enhancement method based on deep learning called Fast Contrast Enhancement Network (FCE-Net). We divided network into dual-path to simultaneously obtain spatial information and large receptive field. And we introduced the spatial attention mechanism to enhance the inter-spatial relationship. We showed that the cell counting task of mouse brain images processed by FCE-Net was with average precision rate of 97.6% ± 1.6%, and average recall rate of 98.4% ± 1.4%. After processing with FCE-Net, the images from vascular extraction (DRIVE) dataset could be segmented with spatial attention U-Net (SA-UNet) to achieve state-of-the-art performance. By comparing FCE-Net with previous methods, we demonstrated that FCE-Net could obtain higher accuracy while maintaining the processing speed. The images with size of 1024 × 1024 pixels could be processed by FCE-Net with 37fps based on our workstation. Our method has great potential for further image analysis and information extraction from large-scale or dynamic biomedical optical images.
Film thickness dependency and refractive index sensing capabilities of lossy mode resonances in metallic indium-rich ITO thin films
Authors: Goswami Sumit , Sharma Ashwini Kumar
Published: May 2022

Film thickness plays a crucial role in determining the position and depth of lossy mode resonance (LMR). Herein, we explore the overall film thickness dependency of LMR properties of pulsed-laser-deposited metallic indium-rich indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films by employing a simple Kretschmann–Raether geometry. It is observed that the depth of LMR is increased monotonically with increasing film thickness. Extremely high attenuation values of

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d
B

for transverse magnetic polarizations are achieved for the film with the greatest film thickness. Also, the LMR positions are considerably redshifted with increasing thickness. A numerical simulation algorithm based on the modified transfer matrix method, where surface roughness is taken into account with the application of anisotropic Bruggemann effective medium approximation, is used to simulate the experimental LMR spectra for all vacuum-deposited ITO thin films effectively. As an application of this study, refractive index (RI) sensing is demonstrated in the RI range of 1.3325–1.4459, and highest sensitivity values of 3840 nm/RIU and 2542 nm/RIU are accomplished for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, respectively. This study will help in attaining a deep level of understanding of the film thickness effect on thin film based LMR and elevate metallic indium-rich ITO as an excellent material template for LMR studies.
Optical net gain measurement on Al0.07Ga0.93N/GaN multi-quantum wells
Authors: Thai Quang Minh , Cuesta Sergi , Denaix Lou , Hermelin Sylvain , Boisron Olivier , Bellet-Amalric Edith , Bougerol Catherine , Castioni Florian , Purcell Stephen T. , Dang Le Si , Monroy Eva
Published: May 2022

We report net gain measurements at room temperature in Al0.07Ga0.93N/GaN 10-period multi-quantum well layers emitting at 367 nm, using the variable stripe length method. The separate confinement heterostructure was designed targeting electron-beam pumped lasing at 10 kV. The highest net gain value was 131 cm-1, obtained at the maximum pumping power density of the experimental setup (743 kW/cm2). The net gain threshold was attained at 218 kW/cm2 using 193 nm optical pumping. From these experiments, we predict an electron-beam-pumped lasing threshold of 370 kW/cm2 at room temperature, which is compatible with the use of compact cathodes (e.g. carbon nanotubes). In some areas of the sample, we observed an anomalous amplification of the photoluminescence intensity that occurs for long stripe lengths (superior to 400 µm) and high pumping power (superior to 550 kW/cm2), leading to an overestimation of the net gain value. We attribute such a phenomenon to the optical feedback provided by the reflection from cracks, which were created during the epitaxial growth due to the strong lattice mismatch between different layers.
Genetic optimization of mid-infrared filters for a machine learning chemical classifier
Authors: Tan Henry , Cadusch Jasper J. , Meng Jiajun , Crozier Kenneth B.
Published: May 2022

Miniaturized mid-infrared spectrometers present opportunities for applications that range from health monitoring to agriculture. One approach combines arrays of spectral filters with infrared photodetectors, called filter-array detector-array (FADA) microspectrometers. A paper recently reported a FADA microspectrometer in tandem with machine learning for chemical identification. In that work, a FADA microspectrometer with 20 filters was assembled and tested. The filters were band-pass, or band-stop designs that evenly spanned the microspectrometer’s operating wavelength range. However, given that a machine learning classifier can be trained on an arbitrary filter basis, it is not apparent that evenly spaced filters are optimal. Here, through simulations with noise, we use a genetic algorithm to optimize six bandpass filters to best identify liquid and gaseous chemicals. We report that the classifiers trained with the optimized filter sets outperform those trained with evenly spaced filter sets and those handpicked to target the absorption bands of the chemicals investigated.
Three-level nanogrooves by vibration-assisted fly-cutting for diffraction regulation and array output
Authors: He Yupeng , Zhou Tianfeng , Ning Yuewen , Hu Yao , Yu Qian , Zhao Wenxiang , Wang Xibin , Kumar A. Senthil
Published: May 2022

Integrating geometric and diffractive optics functions is urgently needed to develop compact equipment for integrating diffraction manipulation and arrayed outputs. In this Letter, a superimposed three-level-grooved surface is proposed to manipulate the diffraction of visible light and provide an array output. Structure design, vibration-assisted fly-cutting, finite-difference time-domain calculations, and diffraction tests are conducted to fabricate the three-level grooves and explore the diffraction mechanism. Nanogrooves with a period close to the middle wavelength of the spectrum primarily enhances the diffraction at low diffraction orders and angles because of resonance. Optical tests prove that these superimposed three-level nanogrooves have a large bandwidth when providing the array output and serving to control and transmit diffracted light. They also show stronger performance for manipulating low diffraction orders.
Saturable absorption assisted nonlinear structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Samanta Krishnendu , Tiwari Anupriya , Joseph Shereena , Joseph Joby
Published: May 2022

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, super-resolution
technique, namely saturable absorption assisted nonlinear structured
illumination microscopy (SAN-SIM), by exploring the saturable
absorption property of a material. In the proposed technique, the
incident sinusoidal excitation is converted into a nonlinear
illumination by propagating through a saturable absorbing material.
The effective nonlinear illumination possesses higher harmonics which
multiply fold high frequency components within the passband and hence
offers more than two-fold resolution improvement over the diffraction
limit. The theoretical background of the technique is presented,
supported by the numerical results. The simulation is performed for
both symmetric as well as random samples where the raw moiré frames
are processed through a blind reconstruction approach developed for
the nonlinear SIM. The results demonstrate the super-resolution
capability of the proposed technique.
Lanthanide-doped nanocrystals in high-Q microtoroids for stable on-chip white-light lasers
Authors: Jin Limin , Liu Zhuo , Zhang Yuqi , Wu Yunkai , Liu Yilin , Deng Huachun , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin
Published: May 2022

The plentiful energy states of lanthanide (

Ln

3
+

)-doped nanomaterials make them very promising for on-chip integrated white-light lasers. Despite the rapid progresses, the

Ln

3
+

-based white upconversion emissions are strongly restricted by their low upconversion quantum efficiency and the color stability. Herein, we combine the

CaF

2

:

Yb

35

Tm

1.5

Er

0.5

nanocrystals and the high-

Q

microtoroids, and experimentally demonstrate the chip-integrated stable white-light laser. By optimizing the sizes, density, and distributions of

Ln

3
+

-doped nanocrystals, the

Q

factors of

Ln

3
+

-doped microtoroids are maintained as high as

5
×

10

5

. The strong light matter interaction in high-

Q

microtoroids greatly enhances the upconversion emission and dramatically reduces the laser thresholds at 652 nm, 545 nm, and 475 nm to similarly low values (

1.89
–
2.10
  
mJ
 

cm

−
2

). Consequently, robust white-light microlaser has been experimentally achieved from a single microtoroid. This research has paved a solid step toward the chip-scale integrated broadband microlasers.
Controlling astrocyte-mediated synaptic pruning signals for schizophrenia drug repurposing with deep graph networks
Authors: Gravina Alessio , Wilson Jennifer L. , Bacciu Davide , Grimes Kevin J. , Priami Corrado
Published: May 2022

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, leading to both physical and social morbidity. Worldwide 1% of the population is struggling with the disease, with 100,000 new cases annually only in the United States. Despite its importance, the goal of finding effective treatments for schizophrenia remains a challenging task, and previous work conducted expensive large-scale phenotypic screens. This work investigates the benefits of Machine Learning for graphs to optimize drug phenotypic screens and predict compounds that mitigate abnormal brain reduction induced by excessive glial phagocytic activity in schizophrenia subjects. Given a compound and its concentration as input, we propose a method that predicts a score associated with three possible compound effects, i.e., reduce, increase, or not influence phagocytosis. We leverage a high-throughput screening to prove experimentally that our method achieves good generalization capabilities. The screening involves 2218 compounds at five different concentrations. Then, we analyze the usability of our approach in a practical setting, i.e., prioritizing the selection of compounds in the SWEETLEAD library. We provide a list of 64 compounds from the library that have the most potential clinical utility for glial phagocytosis mitigation. Lastly, we propose a novel approach to computationally validate their utility as possible therapies for schizophrenia.
Extreme freshwater events, scientific realities, curriculum inclusions, and perpetuation of cultural beliefs
Authors: Sammel Alison J. , Watson Lisa M. , McMartin Dena W.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research was to explore and open dialogue about possible connections between the scientific realities of extreme freshwater events (EFWE), a lack of EFWE-related curricular content in schools, and future teachers’ awareness and perceptions of EFWE. In phase one, an analysis of existing weather data demonstrated ongoing moderate to severe EFWE in the two regions under investigation, Queensland, Australia and Saskatchewan, Canada, at the time of data collection. In phase two, a content analysis of school curricula in the two regions shows a dearth of mandatory content related to EFWE, though Queensland, Australia had slightly more mandated content than did Saskatchewan, Canada. In phase 3, a survey of pre-service teachers in the two regions showed a demonstrable lack of recognition of undergoing moderate to severe EFWE at time of data collection, along with a general satisfaction with the current level of curricular coverage of the topic. While respondents’ overall concern was low, there were consistent regional differences. Queenslanders were more likely to recognize their lived experience with EFWE and perceived it to be a more important inclusion in school curricula than their Saskatchewanian counterparts. Taken together, results suggested that learned cultural truths were reflected in and perpetuated by school curricula. Results highlighted cultural denial of EFWE severity and a need to change false truths by increasing visibility of EFWE in mandated school curricula. The authors propose that results warrant further research and discussion as it relates to public policy and prioritizing EFWE in formal school curricula.
A practical problem with Egger regression in Mendelian randomization
Authors: Lin Zhaotong , Pan Isaac , Pan Wei
Published: May 2022

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an instrumental variable (IV) method using genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as IVs to disentangle the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Since any causal conclusion critically depends on the three valid IV assumptions, which will likely be violated in practice, MR methods robust to the IV assumptions are greatly needed. As such a method, Egger regression stands out as one of the most widely used due to its easy use and perceived robustness. Although Egger regression is claimed to be robust to directional pleiotropy under the instrument strength independent of direct effect (InSIDE) assumption, it is known to be dependent on the orientations/coding schemes of SNPs (i.e. which allele of an SNP is selected as the reference group). The current practice, as recommended as the default setting in some popular MR software packages, is to orientate the SNPs to be all positively associated with the exposure, which however, to our knowledge, has not been fully studied to assess its robustness and potential impact. We use both numerical examples (with both real data and simulated data) and analytical results to demonstrate the practical problem of Egger regression with respect to its heavy dependence on the SNP orientations. Under the assumption that InSIDE holds for some specific (andunknown) coding scheme of the SNPs, we analytically show that other coding schemes would in general lead to the violation of InSIDE. Other related MR and IV regression methods may suffer from the same problem. Cautions should be taken when applying Egger regression (and related MR and IV regression methods) in practice.
A PRISMA systematic review of adolescent gender dysphoria literature: 2) mental health
Authors: Thompson Lucy , Sarovic Darko , Wilson Philip , Sämfjord Angela , Gillberg Christopher
Published: May 2022

It is unclear whether the literature on adolescent gender dysphoria (GD) provides sufficient evidence to inform clinical decision making adequately. In the second of a series of three papers, we sought to review published evidence systematically regarding the extent and nature of mental health problems recorded in adolescents presenting for clinical intervention for GD. Having searched PROSPERO and the Cochrane library for existing systematic reviews (and finding none), we searched Ovid Medline 1946 –October week 4 2020, Embase 1947–present (updated daily), CINAHL 1983–2020, and PsycInfo 1914–2020. The final search was carried out on the 2nd November 2020 using a core strategy including search terms for ‘adolescence’ and ‘gender dysphoria’ which was adapted according to the structure of each database. Papers were excluded if they did not clearly report on clinically-likely gender dysphoria, if they were focused on adult populations, if they did not include original data (epidemiological, clinical, or survey) on adolescents (aged at least 12 and under 18 years), or if they were not peer-reviewed journal publications. From 6202 potentially relevant articles (post deduplication), 32 papers from 11 countries representing between 3000 and 4000 participants were included in our final sample. Most studies were observational cohort studies, usually using retrospective record review (21). A few compared cohorts to normative or population datasets; most (27) were published in the past 5 years. There was significant overlap of study samples (accounted for in our quantitative synthesis). All papers were rated by two reviewers using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool v1·4 (CCAT). The CCAT quality ratings ranged from 45% to 96%, with a mean of 81%. More than a third of the included studies emerged from two treatment centres: there was considerable sample overlap and it is unclear how representative these are of the adolescent GD community more broadly. Adolescents presenting for GD intervention experience a high rate of mental health problems, but study findings were diverse. Researchers and clinicians need to work together to improve the quality of assessment and research, not least in making studies more inclusive and ensuring long-term follow-up regardless of treatment uptake. Whole population studies using administrative datasets reporting on GD / gender non-conformity may be necessary, along with inter-disciplinary research evaluating the lived experience of adolescents with GD.
Initial assessment of the spatial learning, reversal, and sequencing task capabilities of knock-in rats with humanizing mutations in the Aβ-coding region of App
Authors: Pham Hoa , Yin Tao , D’Adamio Luciano
Published: May 2022

Model organisms mimicking the pathogenesis of human diseases are useful for identifying pathogenic mechanisms and testing therapeutic efficacy of compounds targeting them. Models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) aim to reproduce the brain pathology associated with these neurodegenerative disorders. Transgenic models, which involve random insertion of disease-causing genes under the control of artificial promoters, are efficient means of doing so. There are confounding factors associated with transgenic approaches, however, including target gene overexpression, dysregulation of endogenous gene expression at transgenes’ integration sites, and limitations in mimicking loss-of-function mechanisms. Furthermore, the choice of species is important, and there are anatomical, physiological, and cognitive reasons for favoring the rat over the mouse, which has been the standard for models of neurodegeneration and dementia. We report an initial assessment of the spatial learning, reversal, and sequencing task capabilities of knock-in (KI) Long-Evans rats with humanizing mutations in the Aβ-coding region of App, which encodes amyloid precursor protein (Apph/h rats), using the IntelliCage, an automated operant social home cage system, at 6–8 weeks of age, then again at 4–5 months of age. These rats were previously generated as control organisms for studies on neurodegeneration involving other knock-in rat models from our lab. Apph/h rats of either sex can acquire place learning and reversal tasks. They can also acquire a diagonal sequencing task by 6–8 weeks of age, but not a more advanced serial reversal task involving alternating diagonals, even by 4–5 months of age. Thus, longitudinal behavioral analysis with the IntelliCage system can be useful to determine, in follow-up studies, whether KI rat models of Familial AD (FAD), sporadic late onset AD (LOAD), and of ADRD develop aging-dependent learning and memory deficits.