bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hydrologic and geochemical contributions from snow to streamflow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
Authors: Wright Anna , Gooseff Michael , Bergstrom Anna , Welch Kathleen
Published: June 2024

The glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), Antarctica only flow during the austral summer and contain abundant algal mats which grow at the onset of flow. Their relative abundance in stream channels of this polar desert make the streams biogeochemical hot spots. The MDVs receive minimal precipitation as snow, which is redistributed by wind and deposited in distinct locations, some of which become persistent snow patches each year. Previous studies identified that MDV streamflow comes from a combination of glacier ice and snow, although snow was assumed to contribute little to the overall water budget. This study uses a combination of satellite imagery, terrain analysis, and field measurements to determine where snow patches accumulate and persist across MDV watersheds, and to quantify the potential hydrologic and biogeochemical contributions of snow patches to streams. Watersheds near the coast have the highest snow‐covered area and longest snow persistence. Many of these snow patches accumulate within the stream channels, which results in the potential to contribute to streamflow. During the summer of 2021–2022, stream channel snow patches had the potential to contribute anywhere between <1% and 90% of the total annual discharge in Lake Fryxell Basin streams, and may increase with different hydrometeorological conditions. On average the potential inputs from snow patches to streamflow was between 12% and 25% of the annual discharge during the 2021–2022 season, as determined by snow area and SWE. Snow patches in the majority of the watersheds had higher nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations than stream water, and six streams contained snow with higher N:P ratios than the average N:P in the stream water. This suggests that if such patches melt early in the summer, these nutrient and water inputs could occur at the right time and stoichiometry to be crucial for early season algal mat growth.
Reinforcer value moderates response magnitude and persistence during extinction: A randomized trial
Authors: Lambert Joseph M. , Osina Maria A. , Copeland Bailey A.
Published: June 2024

Extinction bursts, or temporary increases in rates and intensities of behavior during extinction, can preclude the inclusion of extinction in intervention packages meant to suppress severe challenging behavior. To identify underlying behavioral mechanisms responsible for response persistence and bursting, 69 adults with developmental disabilities completed a low‐stakes translational investigation employing a 2 × 2 factorial, crossed, and randomized matched blocks design, with batched randomization logic. In each of the four test groups, we made distinct antecedent manipulations with two value parameters commonly studied through behavioral economics (i.e., demand intensity, Pmax) and evaluated the extent to which each of these manipulations influenced target responding during extinction. Although we found statistically significant differences attributable to both parameters, variations in reinforcer consumption relative to demand intensity were most influential across all dependent variables. This outcome implicates consumption relative to demand intensity as both a mitigating and exacerbating preextinction factor that influences the prevalence of adverse collateral extinction effects (e.g., bursts).
Arterial structure and function in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jois Asha , Zannino Diana , Catto‐Smith Anthony G , Kaegi Meg , Mynard Jonathan P , Rosenbaum Jeremy , Oliver Mark , Hardikar Winita , Alex George , Burgner David
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including in younger adulthood. This may arise in part from chronic, systemic low‐grade inflammation. The process of atherosclerosis may begin in childhood. We sought to determine whether pediatric IBD is associated with adverse changes in arterial structure and function as a marker of early increased cardiovascular risk.

Methods

We performed a case–control study comparing children with IBD for a median disease duration of 2.49 (interquartile range 1.23, 4.38) years with healthy children. In a single visit, we collected baseline clinical and anthropometric data, and measured blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid artery distensibility, and aortic and carotid intima‐media thickness. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and fasting lipids were measured.

Results

We enrolled 81 children with IBD (40 with Crohn's disease, 40 with ulcerative colitis, and 1 with unspecified IBD) and 82 control participants. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index z‐score, blood pressure, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, there was no difference in measures of arterial structure and function in children with IBD compared with controls, nor between those with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Conclusion

We did not show any differences in arterial structure and function in children with a history of IBD for less than 5 years compared with healthy controls. IBD diagnosed in childhood may provide a window of opportunity to actively reduce standard cardiovascular risk factors and improve future cardiovascular outcomes.
塩化メチレンに曝露し血中一酸化炭素濃度上昇，化学損傷を発症した1例(A chemical injury with high COHb concentration by exposure of chemical mixture containing methylene chloride)
Authors: 春菜 吉田 , 順一 石川 , 浩士 林下
Published: June 2024

塩化メチレンを含む合剤に接触し化学損傷を受けたことで血中一酸化炭素ヘモグロビン（CO）濃度が上昇した症例を経験したため，報告する。症例は生来健康，2年間5本/日の喫煙歴のある17歳の男性。職場で転倒したことで，塩化メチレンを含む合剤と接触し化学損傷を受けた。診察結果より熱傷に加えてCOHb濃度の上昇も判明した。熱傷処置と直ちに酸素投与を開始し，経時的にCOHb濃度は低下した。またCO中毒で合併しうる遅発性脳症は本症例では見られなかった。本症例のように塩化メチレンによる化学損傷を考える症例では，除染のみならず経皮吸収することでCOHb濃度が上昇する可能性についても念頭に置きながら診察・治療を進めていく必要がある。
N‐Acetylcysteine assists muscle development in offspring of mice subjected to maternal heat stress during pregnancy
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Zhao Peng , Ding Xiuhu , Liu Yuan , Li Huixia
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Heat stress (HS) has been shown to affect reproductive performance and muscle development negatively in animals. N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the antioxidant performance in animals as a recognized antioxidant. The present study assesses the potential of NAC to modulate the reproductive performance and antioxidant function in pregnant mice exposed to HS. The role of NAC in muscle development of offspring mice was also explored.

RESULTS

The results showed that NAC supplementation from day 12 to day 18 of gestation increased the number of litters and enhanced the antioxidant function in pregnant mice under HS exposure. It improved the weight and body condition significantly in the offspring mice (P < 0.05). The alleviation of HS‐induced muscle impairment with NAC was consistent with the alleviation of apoptosis, the enrichment of the proliferation and differentiation in the offspring mice muscle. N‐Acetylcysteine also reversed HS‐induced reduction in the cross‐sectional area of the leg muscle and increased the proportion of myosin heavy chain IIx (MYHCIIx) in the muscle fiber.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study support the use of NAC at a dose of 100 mg kg−1 body weight as supplement for protecting the offspring derived from pregnant mice exposed to HS from muscle impairment by accelerating proliferation and differentiation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel antioxidant iron‐chelating peptide from yak skin: analysis of the chelating mechanism and digestion stability in vitro
Authors: Ci Xiaoman , Liu Ran , Sun Yuting , Rifky Mohamed , Liu Rui , Jin Yan , Zhu Qiaomei , Zhang Min , Wu Tao
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The global prevalence of iron deficiency has posed significant public health risks. Animal‐derived collagen peptides have been recognized for their potent metal ion‐chelating capabilities, which can greatly enhance the bioavailability of iron. Yak skins, typically discarded during production and processing, serve as a valuable resource. Based on yak skin collagen peptide (YSP), we have developed a novel iron‐chelating peptide: yak skin collagen iron‐chelating peptide (YSP‐Fe).

RESULTS

The maximum level of iron chelation of YSP‐Fe achieved was 42.72 ± 0.65 mg g−1. Structural analysis indicated that YSP‐Fe was primarily formed from amino, carboxyl and carbonyl groups combined with ferrous ions. Through examination of the amino acid composition, molecular docking and peptide sequence identification, it was determined that Gly, Asp and Arg played crucial roles in the chelation of ferrous ions by YSP. Furthermore, YSP‐Fe was more stable in simulated gastrointestinal digestion compared to FeSO4.

CONCLUSION

YSP‐Fe demonstrated dual benefits of iron supplementation and antioxidant effects. These significant findings provide a foundation for the development of novel iron supplements and the effective utilization of yak skin as a valuable resource. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effects of different types of polysaccharides on the structure and physical properties of W/O/W emulsions under varying pH conditions
Authors: Jiang Minghao , Liu Yi , Han Qiuyu , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Biopolymer based water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double (W1/O/W2) emulsion systems comprise a complex emulsion system that might be affected by several factors and the status at multiple phases. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with inner W1 phase incorporated with various polysaccharides and the outer phase stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI). Six different polysaccharides were selected as co‐emulsifiers in the inner phase, and their effects on morphology, droplet size, zeta potential and rheology properties were evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of WPI/polysaccharide concentration and pH on the physicochemical properties and storage stability of the emulsions was compared.

RESULTS

Emulsions with an inner phase incorporated with xanthan gum and carrageenan exhibited better stability than others. Increasing the concentration of WPI enhanced the overall stability of the double emulsion, although it compromised the integrity of the internal W1/O interface. On the other hand, a 1.0% concentration of polysaccharide, specifically when carrageenan is used, slowed down droplet floating and coagulation. An acidic external aqueous phase (pH 4) led to larger and more uniform particle size distributions, as well as enhanced stability. The lower pH decreased the viscosity and delayed molecular exchange in the oil phase, thereby preserving the structure of the double emulsion.

CONCLUSION

These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing the stability and properties of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with addition of anionic polysaccharides in the inner water phase. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermo‐Optical Bistability Enabled by Bound States in The Continuum in Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Barulin Alexander , Pashina Olesia , Riabov Daniil , Sergaeva Olga , Sadrieva Zarina , Shcherbakov Alexey , Rutckaia Viktoriia , Schilling Jörg , Bogdanov Andrey , Sinev Ivan , Chernov Alexander , Petrov Mihail
Published: June 2024

The control of light through all‐optical means is a fundamental challenge in nanophotonics and a key effect in optical switching and logic. The optical bistability effect enables this control and can be observed in various planar photonic systems such as microdisk and photonic crystal cavities and waveguides. However, the recent advancements in flat optics with wavelength‐thin optical elements require nonlinear elements based on metastructures and metasurfaces. The performance of these systems can be enhanced with high‐Q bound states in the continuum (BIC), which leads to intense harmonic generation, improved light‐matter coupling, and pushes forward sensing limits. This study reports enhanced thermo‐optical nonlinearity and the observation of optical bistability in an all‐dielectric metasurface membrane with BIC. Unlike many other nanophotonic platforms, metasurfaces allow for fine control of the quality factor of the BIC resonance by managing the radiative losses. This provides an opportunity to control the parameters of the observed hysteresis loop and even switch from bistability to optical discrimination by varying the angle of incidence. Additionally, this work proposes a mechanism of nonlinear critical coupling that establishes the conditions for maximal hysteresis width and minimal switching power, which has not been reported before. The study suggests that all‐dielectric metasurfaces supporting BICs can serve as a flat‐optics platform for optical switching and modulation based on strong thermo‐optical nonlinearity.
Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors Based on Succinimide‐Substituted Thiophene for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Yi , Flynn Scott , Li Xu , Liu Haitao , Wang Jinliang , Li Yuning
Published: June 2024

The advent of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has greatly improved the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, to compete with other solar cell technologies, there is a pressing need for accelerated research and development of improved NFAs as well as their compatible wide bandgap polymer donors. In this study, a novel electron‐withdrawing building block, succinimide‐substituted thiophene (TS), is utilized for the first time to synthesize three wide bandgap polymer donors: PBDT‐TS‐C5, PBDT‐TSBT‐C12, and PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16. These polymers exhibit complementary bandgaps for efficient sunlight harvesting and suitable frontier energy levels for exciton dissociation when paired with the extensively studied NFA, Y6. Among these donors, PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16 demonstrates the highest hole mobility and a relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, attributed to the incorporation of thiophene spacers and electron‐withdrawing fluorine substituents. OSC devices based on the blend of PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16:Y6 achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 13.21%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.83 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, and a fill factor of 0.62. Notably, the Voc × Jsc product reaches 21.46 mW cm−2, demonstrating the potential of TS as an electron acceptor building block for the development of high‐performance wide bandgap polymer donors in OSCs.
Removing ring artifacts in CBCT images via Transformer with unidirectional vertical gradient loss
Authors: Sha Jianran , Li Jianwu
Published: June 2024

Background

Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), an important medical modality for disease detection and diagnosis, is currently widely used in clinical practice. However, due to the inconsistent response of CBCT detectors, the lack of proper calibration often leads to the occurrence of ring artifacts in CBCT‐reconstructed images. These artifacts may affect physicians' assessment and diagnosis. Therefore, effective elimination of ring artifacts in CBCT images without degrading image quality is important.

Purpose

Given the pros and cons of existing methods for removing ring artifacts in CBCT images, this paper is devoted to designing a specific Transformer for this task, leveraging the global and local modeling ability of Transformer.

Methods

We design a loss function with dual‐domain information fusion for the vanilla Transformer to correct ring artifacts in CBCT images. The method operates in image domain to predict artifact‐free outputs and preserve more image details. Meanwhile, we design a tailored loss function incorporating polar domain optimization to remove ring artifacts more effectively. Specifically, an unidirectional gradient loss that constrains vertical gradients in polar domain is imposed, based on the geometric prior that in polar coordinates, ring artifacts predominately affect horizontal gradients while minimally influencing vertical gradients.

Results

We conduct extensive ablative and comparative experiments on CBCT/CT image set to validate the performance of the proposed method. First, four ablation experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Then, we compare our method with several classical methods and the latest state‐of‐the‐arts, and our method achieves the highest quality of corrected images as well as the best evaluation metrics. In these experiments, 5332 CT images were used for training, and 550 CT images, and 500 real CBCT images were used for testing. The source code is available at https://github.com/shasha521/CBCT.

Conclusions

Experimental results demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the effectiveness of ring artifact correction. By capitalizing on dual‐domain information fusion and a customized loss function, the improved Transformer can not only effectively remove ring artifacts in CBCT images, but also preserve the details of original images quite well.
A collocated inversion of sources and early arrival waveforms for credible tomograms: Synthetic and field data examples
Authors: Yu Han , Li Jing , Hanafy Sherif , Liu Lulu
Published: June 2024

Waveform inversion is theoretically a powerful tool to reconstruct subsurface structures, but a usually encountered problem is that accurate sources are very rare, causing the computation to be unstable or divergent. This challenging practical problem, although sometimes ignored and even imperceptible, can easily create discrepancies in calculated shot gathers, which will then lead to wrong residuals that will be smeared back to the gradients, hence jeopardizing the inverted tomograms. For any real dataset, every shot gather corresponds to its unique source even if some gathers can be transformed alike after data processing. To resolve this problem, we propose a collocated inversion of sources and early arrival waveforms with the two submodules executing successively. Not only can this method reconstruct a decent source wavelet that approaches the ground truth, but also it can produce credible background tomograms with optimized sources. Part of the cycle skipping problems can also be mitigated because it avoids the trial and error experiments on various sources. Numerical tests on a synthetic and a land dataset validate the effectiveness of this method. Restrictions on initial sources or starting velocity models will be relaxed, and this method can be extended to any other applications for engineering or exploration purposes.
Poor convergence between local traditional farmers and conservationists on which species to protect locally
Authors: Ulicsni Viktor , Molnár Zsolt , Szentirmai István , Babai Dániel
Published: June 2024

Locals engaged in traditional farming and possessing traditional ecological knowledge consider certain species worthy of protection, as do official nature conservationists, although the sets of taxa may not be identical. Exploring the relationship between the two sets of taxa could bring many practical benefits, yet the literature on this subject is scarce. For more efficient conservation and better engagement and knowledge co‐production with locals, it is necessary to understand the principles, preferences and worldviews of the two knowledge systems, and the drivers behind the choices of which animal species to protect.

We examined which animal species traditional farmers and conservationists wish to protect, and why. We also examined whether there is a correlation between the extent of farmers' ecological knowledge and the number of species they regard as needing protection. In the case of the species that conservationists consider most in need of protection, we also enquired how knowledgeable local farmers are about these species. Our research was carried out in two adjacent protected sites in Central Europe along the Slovenian‐Hungarian border. We conducted 20 structured interviews with traditional farmers at each of the two sites (40 altogether), and 23 with local conservationists.

Both conservationists and local farmers predominantly mentioned the protection of species that do not provide a tangible economic benefit to farmers and that show a declining population trend.

Local farmers with greater species knowledge did not know significantly more than those with less knowledge about the species to be protected, nor did they list more legally protected species.

The preliminary assumption of the conservationists was that the locals knew the species and listed the ones to be protected for essentially functional reasons (e.g. usefulness). By contrast, it was found that many more aspects (e.g. population trends, appearance) also had a significant impact.

Once the boundaries between the two knowledge systems are removed, collaboration between the stakeholder groups can facilitate the protection of natural assets and local communities. We consider it the responsibility of conservationists (together with ethnoecologists and other researchers) to ensure that these preferences are properly understood for the benefit of conservation and local communities.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
PDAC heterogeneity resolved spatially at the single‐cell level: new biological answers, new questions on optimal translation†
Authors: Felipe Irene , Real Francisco X
Published: June 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease. Developing new strategies and using powerful methodologies for its early detection, coupled with in‐depth comprehension of the mechanisms governing subtype evolution, will not only help to stratify PDAC patients' prognosis but also prevent unfavourable subtype plasticity upon treatment with chemotherapy. Michiels et al have developed a new approach to better capture PDAC heterogeneity at the single tumour duct spatial resolution level, leveraging detection of transcripts for mutant KRAS and multiple subtype markers. Their study sheds light on the association of mutant KRAS and PDAC phenotypic heterogeneity. The findings support functional cooperation of plastic tumour cells and opens new challenges towards PDAC patient stratification and therapeutic intervention. Pathology‐based tools will be of prime importance to address these issues in a clinically meaningful manner. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Cancer is not a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 in children, except in patients with recent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or comorbidities
Authors: Velasco Puyó Pablo , Tagarro Alfredo , Garcia‐Obregon Susana , Villate Olatz , Moraleda Cinta , Huerta Aragonés Jorge , Bardón Cancho Eduardo J. , Faura Morros Anna , Galán‐Gómez Víctor , Escobar Fernández Laura , Lendinez‐Molinos Francisco , Herrero Velasco Blanca , Ureña Horno Laura , Domínguez‐Pinilla Nerea , Pascual Gazquez Juan Francisco , Nova Lozano Cristina , Osuna‐Marco Marta , Marín‐Cruz Inés , Gomez Pastrana Irene , Garcia de Andoin Barandiaran Nagore , Gallego Mingo Nerea , Portugal Rodríguez Raquel , Cañete Adela , Pareja León Marta , Castrillo Bustamante Sara , Tallón García María , Gónzalez‐Prieto Almudena , Solé‐Rodríguez María , González Cruz Macarena , Soriano‐Arandes Antonio , Mota Miriam , Pérez‐Hoyos Santiago , Moreno Lucas , Astigarraga Itziar ,   EPICO‐AEP Working Group
Published: June 2024

The EPICO (Spanish general registry of COVID‐19 in children)‐SEHOP (Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology) platform gathers data from children with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Spain, allowing comparison between children with cancer or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and those without. The infection is milder in the cancer/alloHSCT group than in children without comorbidities (7.1% vs. 14.7%), except in children with recent alloHSCT (less than 300 days), of which 35.7% experienced severe COVID‐19. These data have been shared with the SEHOP members to support treatment and isolation policies akin to those for children without cancer, except for those with recent alloHSCT or additional comorbidities. This highlights the collaborative registries potential in managing pandemic emergencies.
Use of privacy‐preserving record linkage to examine the dispensing of pharmaceutical benefits scheme medicines to pregnant women in Western Australia
Authors: Kelty Erin , Hansen Michele , Randall Sean , Gration Dylan , Baynam Gareth , Preen David B.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Medications are commonly used during pregnancy to manage pre‐existing conditions and conditions that arise during pregnancy. However, not all medications are safe to use in pregnancy. This study utilized privacy‐preserving record linkage (PPRL) to examine medications dispensed under the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) to pregnant women in Western Australia (WA) overall and by medication safety category.

Methods

In this retrospective, cross‐sectional, population‐based study, state perinatal records (Midwives Notification Scheme) were linked with national PBS dispensing data using PPRL. Live and stillborn neonates born between 2012 and 2019 in WA were included. The proportion of pregnancies during which the mother was dispensed a PBS medication was calculated, overall and by medication safety category. Factors associated with PBS medication dispensing were examined using logistic regression.

Results

PPRL linkage identified matching records for 97.4% of women with perinatal records. A total of 271 739 pregnancies were identified, with 158 585 (58.4%) pregnancies involving the dispensing of at least one PBS medication. Category A medications (those considered safe in pregnancy) were the most commonly dispensed (n = 119 126, 43.8%) followed by B3 (n = 51 135, 18.8%) and B1 (n = 42 388, 15.6%) medication (those with unknown safety). Over the study period, the dispensing of PBS medications in pregnancy increased (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.07). The strongest predictor of medication dispensing in pregnancy was pre‐pregnancy dispensing (OR: 3.61, 95%CI: 3.54, 3.68). Other factors associated with medication use in pregnancy were smoking, older maternal age, obesity, and prior pregnancies.

Conclusion

Privacy preserving record linkage provides a way to link cross‐jurisdictional data while preserving patient confidentiality and data security. The dispensing of PBS medication in pregnancy was common and increased over time, with approximately 60% of women dispensed at least one medication during pregnancy.
Insights into optimizing phantom pain management: A human‐centered approach to end‐user perspectives
Authors: Mareboina Manvita , Bastian Daniel , Juengst Shannon B. , Annaswamy Thiru
Published: June 2024

Background

This report explores and summarizes perspectives from end users on unmet needs in achieving optimal and effective phantom pain management through a human‐centered design approach.

Objective

To examine current strategies, pharmacological, nonpharmacological, surgical procedures, virtual reality, and mirror therapy, and the evidence supporting them, in the management of phantom limb pain.

Design

This study reviewed and analyzed transcripts acquired in nonresearch contexts from the Veterans Affairs Translational Education and Mentoring Center's commercialization training program and from a Veteran Engagement Panel. Key themes were extracted using quasi‐qualitative analysis of one‐on‐one interviews.

Results

Clinicians and patients report that early patient intervention and education will yield improved management of phantom limb pain, which aligns with the growing recognition of the impact of patient‐centered care on overall treatment outcomes. Mirror therapy is viewed as an effective and low‐risk therapy, though compliance and buy‐in may be barriers to clinical practice. Patient engagement can contribute to better treatment adherence and outcomes.

Conclusion

The study highlights implementation barriers, importance of end‐user input, and the role of the Veteran Engagement Panel in providing feedback to pain researchers. The findings help explain unaddressed challenges and areas requiring further research to direct phantom pain management.
Point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene conferring pyrethroid resistance in China populations of the Dermanyssus gallinae
Authors: Wang Penglong , Liu Qi , Wang Xu , Sun Tiancong , Liu Boxing , Wang Bohan , Li Huan , Wang Chuanwen , Sun Weiwei , Pan Baoliang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a worldwide ectoparasite posing significant economic challenges in poultry farming. The extensive use of pyrethroids for PRM control has led to the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. The objective of this study is to detect the pyrethroid resistance and explore its associated point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene among PRM populations in China.

RESULTS

Several populations of D. gallinae, namely CJF‐1, CJP‐2, CJP‐3, CSD‐4 and CLD‐5, displayed varying degrees of resistance to beta‐cypermethrin compared to a susceptible field population (CBP‐5). Mutations of VGSC gene in populations of PRMs associated with pyrethroid resistance were identified through sequencing its fragments IIS4–IIS5 and IIIS6. The mutations I917V, M918T/L, A924G and L925V were present in multiple populations, while no mutations were found at positions T929, I936, F1534 and F1538.

CONCLUSION

The present study confirmed the presence of extremely high levels of pyrethroid resistance in PRM populations in China, and for the first time detected four pyrethroid resistance mutations in the VGSC gene. Identifying pyrethroid resistance in the field population of PRM in China can be achieved through screening for VGSC gene mutations as an early detection method. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing chemical PRM control strategies based on resistance evidence, while also considering the management of acaricide resistance in the control of PRMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vertical GaN Trench‐MOSFETs Fabricated on Ammonothermally Grown Bulk GaN Substrates
Authors: Kamiński Maciej , Taube Andrzej , Tarenko Jaroslaw , Sadowski Oskar , Brzozowski Ernest , Wierzbicka Justyna , Zadura Magdalena , Ekielski Marek , Kosiel Kamil , Jankowska‐Śliwińska Joanna , Abendroth Kamil , Szerling Anna , Prystawko Paweł , Boćkowski Michał , Grzegory Izabella
Published: June 2024

Herein, the fabrication and characterization of vertical GaN trench‐MOSFETs on ammonothermally grown bulk GaN substrates have been reported. A number of technological processes have been developed, including, among others, low‐resistance ohmic contacts to Ga‐face n‐GaN epitaxial layers, N‐face backside ohmic contact, vertical sidewall trench etching processes, surface preparation, and atomic layer deposition of gate dielectric layers and integrated with fabrication process flow of vertical power devices. The fabricated test structures are characterized by an output drain current of 288 ± 74 mA mm−1, threshold voltage of about 10 V, and field‐effect channel mobility 13.1 ± 5.0 cm2 (Vs)−1 at 10 V drain‐source voltage and up to 65 cm2 (Vs)−1 at 0.1 V drain‐source voltage. In addition, first, experiments toward high current multicell transistor fabrication are carried out. Multicell test devices with hexagonal topology with a total gate width of 11.1 mm and output current over 1 A are successfully fabricated and characterized.
Regulate the Solvation Structure and Interface by Nitrate in Phosphate‐Based Electrolytes for 4.5 V‐Class Ni‐Rich Batteries
Authors: Chen Pei‐Pei , Zhang Bo‐Han , Li Zi‐Ang , Lei Jia‐Ting , Chen Jing‐Zhou , Hou Yun‐Lei , Zhao Dong‐Lin
Published: June 2024

Phosphate‐based electrolyte propels the advanced battery system with high safety. Unfortunately, restricted by poor electrochemical stability, it is difficult to be compatible with advanced lithium metal anodes and Ni‐rich cathodes. To alleviate these issues, the study has developed a phosphate‐based localized high‐concentration electrolyte with a nitrate‐driven solvation structure, and the nitrate‐derived N‐rich inorganic interface shows excellent performance in stabilizing the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode interface and modulating the lithium deposition morphology on the anode. The results show that the Li|| NCM811 cell has exceptional long‐cycle stability of >80% capacity retention after 800 cycles at 4.3 V, 1 C. A more prominent capacity retention rate of 93.3% after 200 cycles can be reached with the high voltage of 4.5 V. While being compatible with the phosphate‐based electrolyte with good flame retardancy and the good electrochemical stability of Ni‐rich lithium metal battery (LMBs) systems, the present work expands the construction of anion‐rich solvation structures, which is expected to promote the development of the high‐performance LMBs with safety.
Homopolar Chemical Bonds Induce In‐Plane Anisotropy in Layered Semiconductors
Authors: Tan Jieling , Wang Jiang‐Jing , Zhang Hang‐Ming , Zhang Han‐Yi , Li Heming , Wang Yu , Zhou Yuxing , Deringer Volker L. , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

Main‐group layered binary semiconductors, in particular, the III–VI alloys in the binary Ga–Te system are attracting increasing interest for a range of practical applications. The III–VI semiconductor, monoclinic gallium monotelluride (m‐GaTe), has been recently used in high‐sensitivity photodetectors/phototransistors and electronic memory applications due to its anisotropic properties yielding superior optical and electrical performance. Despite these applications, the origin of such anisotropy, namely the complex structural and bonding environments in GaTe nanostructures remain to be fully understood. In the present work, a comprehensive atomic‐scale characterization of m‐GaTe is reported by element‐resolved atomic‐scale microscopy experiments, enabling a direct measure of the in‐plane anisotropy at the sub‐Angstrom level. It is shown that these experimental images compare well with the results of first‐principles modeling. Quantum‐chemical bonding analyses provide a detailed picture of the atomic neighbor interactions within the layers, revealing that vertical GaGa homopolar bonds get stronger when they are distorted and rotated, inducing the strong in‐plane anisotropy. Beyond GaTe, using a systematic screening over the Materials Project database, the four additional low‐symmetric layered crystals with similar distorted tetrahedral patterns are identified, indicating that the homopolar‐bond‐induced anisotropy is a more generic feature in these layered van der Waals (vdW) materials.
Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal ectopic fetal mineralisation in a cat
Authors: Orekhova Anna , Leventogiannis Venizelos , Pispiris Dimitrios , Gavras Kostas , Schwarz Tobias
Published: June 2024

Intra‐abdominal mineralisations are common radiographic findings in cats. In this article, we present a 4‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat with an intra‐abdominal ectopic mummified mineralised fetus. The critical diagnostic criteria for identifying such ectopic mineralised fetus lie in radiographic observations, particularly the visualisation of distinct bone structures, including the skull, vertebra column and long bones. Being familiar with the radiographic appearance of ectopic fetal mineralisation may allow more specific and prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.
Daten und Modellierung von Zerkleinerungsvorgängen
Authors: Zeismann Benjamin , Reinsch Volker , Böhm Andreas
Published: June 2024

Qualitativ hochwertige Daten sind für die Entwicklung von Berechnungsmodellen von Zerkleinerungsvorgängen von großer Bedeutung. Moderne Anlagen sind mit einer Vielzahl von Sensoren ausgestattet, die eine kontinuierliche Überwachung vieler Systeme ermöglichen. Die Speicherung in Datenbanken bietet unter anderem ein großes Potenzial für Prozessanalysen und -optimierungen. Am Lehrstuhl für Aufbereitung und Veredlung wurde im Jahr 2021 in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma CEMTEC – Cement and Mining Technology GmbH und der Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH ein Forschungsprojekt initiiert. Dessen Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines Mahlmodells für Rührwerkskugelmühlen, das den realen Prozess bestmöglich abbildet. Dadurch soll ein besseres Verständnis für den Mahlprozess und die relevanten Einflussfaktoren erlangt werden, um ein Tool zur Prognose des Mahlergebnisses zu schaffen. Dieses Modell soll nicht nur das Mühlen-Upscaling ermöglichen, sondern auch beim Design von Anlagen mit optimaler Energieeffizienz unterstützen. Dafür werden gezielte Mahlversuche mit der containerbasierten Rührwerkskugelmühle des Lehrstuhls für Aufbereitung und Veredlung durchgeführt. Neben einer Anlagenbeschreibung werden erste Auswertungen der Mahldaten gezeigt und erläutert, welche Optimierungsarbeiten nötig waren, um zuverlässige Daten zu erhalten. Zur Modellierung wurde vorab das Population Balance Modell gewählt, dessen Grundlagen erläutert werden.
Clinical practice guidelines for telesurgery 2022
Authors: Mori Masaki , Hirano Satoshi , Hakamada Kenichi , Oki Eiji , Urushidani Shigeo , Uyama Ichiro , Eto Masatoshi , Ebihara Yuma , Kawashima Kenji , Kanno Takahiro , Kitsuregawa Masaru , Kinugasa Yusuke , Kobayashi Junjiro , Nakamura Hiroshige , Noshiro Hirokazu , Mandai Masaki , Morohashi Hajime
Published: June 2024

Telesurgery is expected to improve medical access in areas with limited resources, facilitate the rapid dissemination of new surgical procedures, and advance surgical education. While previously hindered by communication delays and costs, recent advancements in information technology and the emergence of new surgical robots have created an environment conducive to societal implementation. In Japan, the legal framework established in 2019 allows for remote surgical support under the supervision of an actual surgeon. The Japan Surgical Society led a collaborative effort, involving various stakeholders, to conduct social verification experiments using telesurgery, resulting in the development of a Japanese version of the “Telesurgery Guidelines” in June 2022. These guidelines outline requirements for medical teams, communication environments, robotic systems, and security measures for communication lines, as well as responsibility allocation, cost burden, and the handling of adverse events during telesurgery. In addition, they address telementoring and full telesurgery. The guidelines are expected to be revised as needed, based on the utilization of telesurgery, advancements in surgical robots, and improvements in information technology.
Free and Forced Vibration Analysis of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Composite Laminated Plates Under Arbitrary Boundary Conditions
Authors: Li Mengzhen , Guedes Soares Carlos , Liu Zhiping , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the theoretical investigations on the free and forced vibration behaviours of carbon/glass hybrid composite laminated plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. The unknown allowable displacement functions of the physical middle surface are expressed in terms of standard cosine Fourier series and sinusoidal auxiliary functions to ensure the continuity of the displacement functions and their derivatives at the structural boundaries. Arbitrary boundary conditions are achieved through the introduction of an artificial spring technique. The first shear deformation theory and Lagrange equations are utilized to derive the energy expression, and the eigenvalue equations associated with free and forced vibration are obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz variational operations. Subsequently, these equations are then solved to determine the natural frequency, mode of vibration, and the steady-state displacement response under forced excitation. The new results are compared with those from references and finite element methods to verify the convergence, accuracy and efficiency of the analytical method. The effects of hybrid ratios, stacking sequences, lamination schemes, fibre orientation, boundary conditions and excitation force on the free and forced vibration behaviours of the carbon/glass hybrid composite laminated plates are analyzed in detail.
Fear and perceived risk of cyber fraud victimization among Chinese University students
Authors: Qu Jia , Lin Kai , Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y.
Published: June 2024

Cyber fraud has surfaced as a serious social problem in China, resulting in billions of Chinese yuan worth of financial losses in recent years. The high prevalence and large quantity financial losses from cyber fraud have sparked widespread public concerns about online safety. Based on survey data from over 1000 university students in China, this study explores the prevalence of fear and perceived risk of cyber fraud and its correlates among university students. The results showed that although only 10% of the respondents believed they would likely experience cyber fraud victimization in the next 12 months, approximately 50% reported feeling fearful of cyber fraud in the past 3 months. The logistic regression results show that both fear and perceived risk are influenced by different domains of risk factors, with higher self-control and deviant online behaviors explaining greater odds of fear. In contrast, the perceived risk of crime is linked to vicarious victimization experiences, perceived crime seriousness, and satisfaction with the police. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Potato leaf infection caused by Colletotrichum coccodes and C. nigrum
Authors: Chang Jiang , Crous Pedro W. , Ades Peter K. , Wang Weixia , Liu Fang , Damm Ulrike , Vaghefi Niloofar , Taylor Paul W. J.
Published: June 2024

Colletotrichum coccodes is an important pathogen of potatoes. Recently, the closely related C. nigrum has been reported as an important pathogen of solanaceous crops but not as a pathogen of potato. This study confirms C. coccodes as the most prevalent Colletotrichum species infecting foliar and tuber tissue of potatoes in Australia and the USA. In addition, three isolates from the USA, previously identified as C. coccodes, were re-identified as C. nigrum. The gene loci TUB2, ACT, GAPDH, CHS-1 or HIS3 were all suitable for differentiating C. nigrum from C. coccodes. Australian and USA tuber and foliar isolates of C. coccodes and C. nigrum had similar pathogenicity on detached potato leaves. This is the first report of C. nigrum as a pathogen of potato. Moreover, the recently described C. dianense was revealed to be a synonym of C. nigrum.
Interdisciplinary integrative capabilities as a catalyst of responsible technology-enabled innovation: A higher education case study of Design MSc dissertation projects
Authors: Colecchia Federico , Ceschin Fabrizio , Harrison David
Published: June 2024

It has been acknowledged that global challenges are in the way of delivering responsible innovation, as reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals – a set of strategic objectives formulated by the United Nations General Assembly, to promote environmentally, societally, and economically-sustainable development. Design higher education has an important role to play in equipping the next generation of professionals with knowledge and skills for tackling pressing system-level challenges. Sustainable design research and ways of integrating emerging technologies in future design higher education curricula have, separately, attracted significant interest in recent years. However, comparatively little effort has concentrated on the role that a broader range of technologies can play in shaping the design higher education provision with system-level sustainability challenges in mind. This article presents an analysis of 180 Design MSc dissertation projects, implemented at a UK higher education institution between 2019 and 2022, focusing on research challenges of societal and industrial relevance. The data set includes a mapping of dissertation projects to relevant technologies, industry sectors, and Sustainable Development Goals. Data analysis suggests a balanced distribution of projects across a range of sustainability goals, although under-represented thematic areas have also been highlighted. The methods adopted for this study, based on a systematic study of relational patterns reflecting associations of dissertation projects with technologies, industry sectors, and sustainability goals, provide a blueprint for future data-driven research on the role played by technologies within student projects in design higher education, with an emphasis on their relevance to sustainable innovation challenges.
MXene/rGO/sulfur loaded separator based current collector-free lithium sulfur batteries with high sulfur loading and cycle life
Authors: Rao K. Sandeep , Pathak Dipa Dutta , Mandal Balaji P. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: June 2024

Lithium-Sulfur batteries with high sulfur loading cathodes are highly desirable to achieve greater energy density. In this work, a high loading composite cathode is reported that is made by scalable vacuum filtration route, eliminating the need for a binder, conducting carbon, and metallic current collector. Moreover, capacity fade due to peeling off of coated active material from current collector is avoided, leading to excellent capacity retention. The coated separator affords a porous framework to (i) accommodate volume changes during cycling, (ii) allow higher sulfur loading, (iii) allow electrolyte wetting of active material in addition to (iv) functioning as a traditional separator and current collector by pressing against stainless steel casing. The MXene/reduced graphene oxide/S8 composite with an areal loading of 2.52 mg/cm2 exhibits a specific capacity of 495 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 97.5% after 200 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 100 mA/g. At 500 mA/g discharge rate, an initial specific capacity of 378 mAh/g was obtained with 239 mAh/g retained after 750 cycles.
Vulnerability assessment of landslides along the Yunnan section of the Northern Tropic of Cancer based on fuzzy evidence weight model
Authors: Ye Hui , Bai Die , Tan Shucheng , Wang Jinliang , Liu Shiyin
Published: June 2024

Frequent geological disasters pose significant threats to both human lives and property. High-risk landslides, with features such as rapid occurrence, wide distribution, and strong destructiveness, are of particular concern. To investigate the distribution characteristics and threat range of landslides, the Yunnan section of the Northern Tropic of Cancer was selected as the study area. Based on the fuzzy evidence weight model and using a grid size of 1000 m × 1000 m as the study unit, a vulnerability assessment of landslides along the Northern Tropic of Cancer in Yunnan was conducted. This assessment involved constructing a set of 13 evaluation indicator factors from three aspects: geological environment, geographical environment, and human engineering activities. The assessment results were subsequently subjected to precision verification. The results are as follows: (1) The overall vulnerability of landslides in the Yunnan section of the Northern Tropic of Cancer is moderate, covering an area of 25,968.79 km2. This area constitutes the largest proportion, accounting for 46.30% of the entire study area and is primarily distributed in counties such as Yanshan, Funing, and Shuangjiang. The highly vulnerable area covers 15,942.27 km2, representing 28.43% of the total study area. This region is mainly distributed in counties such as Gejiu, Yuanjiang, and Mojiang. (2) The main triggering factors for landslides are twofold: first, large-scale slope instability caused by excavation in human engineering activities, leading to extensive unstable slopes affected by long-term weathering and gravitational effects. Second, soil erosion resulting from land cultivation leads to the collapse and sliding of weathered and fragmented rocks under the influence of heavy rainfall and water erosion. During routine geological disaster patrols, special attention should be given to these factors, with a focus on implementing engineering measures in areas with more fragile geological environments. (3) Precision verification of the assessment results was conducted using both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Success rate curves. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the success rate curve and ROC curve were 0.85 and 0.74, respectively. The verification results showed high accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method.