bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmentation des risques selon la classification des nouveaux Repères canadiens sur l’alcool et la santé : étude empirique auprès d’un échantillon d’adultes recrutés dans la collectivité en Ontario
Authors: Belisario Kyla L. , Doggett Amanda , MacKillop James
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Les recommandations de 2023 quant à la consommation d’alcool du Centre canadien sur les dépendances et l’usage de substances préconisent un seuil universel de faible risque de 2 verres ou moins par semaine, seuil qui est inférieur aux recommandations antérieures, établies à un maximum de 10 verres par semaine ou de 2 verres par occasion pour les femmes, et de 15 verres par semaine ou de 3 verres par occasion pour les hommes. Cette étude porte sur l’augmentation des risques selon la nouvelle classification ainsi que les perceptions qui y sont associées.

Méthodologie

La prévalence du dépassement du nouveau seuil de faible risque a été comparée à celle du dépassement des seuils antérieurs et des seuils à l’échelle internationale au sein d’une cohorte observationnelle d’adultes recrutés dans la collectivité (N = 1502) dans le sud de l’Ontario, suivis depuis 2018 (avec 11 vagues de collecte de données). Nous avons effectué un suivi auprès d’un sous-ensemble de la cohorte trois mois après la publication des nouvelles recommandations (en avril 2023), pour vérifier si les nouvelles recommandations étaient connues et pour savoir quelles étaient les perceptions quant au risque que représente la consommation d’alcool au-delà de ces seuils.

Résultats

Toutes vagues confondues, 52 % des adultes, en moyenne, dépassaient le nouveau seuil de faible risque, comparativement à 11 % selon les recommandations antérieures. Selon les recommandations à l’échelle internationale, le dépassement moyen des seuils de faible risque au sein de l’échantillon était de 16 % (É.-U.), 20 % (R.-U.) ou 29 % (OMS). Environ la moitié des adultes qui participaient à l’étude (51 %) étaient au courant des nouvelles recommandations du Canada, mais 77 % ont estimé que boire plus de deux verres par semaine présentait peu de risques ou n’en présentait aucun.

Conclusion

Plus de quatre fois plus d’adultes dépassent le nouveau seuil de consommation d’alcool à faible risque par rapport aux seuils recommandés auparavant par le Canada. De plus, davantage d’adultes dépassent le nouveau seuil de faible risque par rapport à divers seuils de consommation à l’échelle internationale. Compte tenu de ces résultats et de la perception du risque comme étant faible en ce qui concerne la consommation de plus de deux verres par semaine, de nombreux Canadiens risquent de dépasser les nouveaux seuils.
Accès direct à des traitements en santé mentale pour les travailleurs de la santé : un aperçu des demandes au cours des cinq premières vagues de la pandémie de COVID-19 en Ontario
Authors: Laposa Judith M. , Cameron Duncan , Corace Kim , Bullock Heather L. , Flavelle Lauren , Quick Natalie , Rowa Karen , de la Salle Sara , Creighton-Taylor Katherin , Strachan Alice , Carter Stephanie , Kurdyak Paul , Saldanha Vanessa , McCabe Randi E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Les travailleurs de la santé ont fait état d’effets néfastes sur leur santé mentale dus à la pandémie de COVID-19. Nous avons exploré le profil sociodémographique des travailleurs de la santé ayant demandé par eux-mêmes à recevoir des soins de santé mentale, l’évolution des demandes de traitement au fil des vagues de COVID- 19, la nature des principaux problèmes ayant motivé les demandes et leurs changements lors de la pandémie.

Méthodologie

Cinq grands établissements de santé de l’Ontario ont fourni du soutien en santé mentale aux travailleurs de la santé pendant la pandémie. Des données ont été recueillies à partir de 2725 demandes de traitement présentées par des travailleurs de la santé entre mai 2020 et mars 2022, à savoir la fréquence des demandes, les principaux problèmes de santé mentale ayant motivé les demandes et divers renseignements sociodémographiques (l’origine ethnique, le sexe, l’âge, le milieu de travail, la profession et l’obtention antérieure d’un diagnostic ou d’un traitement pour un problème de santé mentale).

Résultats

Les travailleurs de la santé qui ont demandé à recevoir du soutien étaient en majorité des femmes et des personnes blanches. Près de la moitié d’entre eux faisaient partie du personnel infirmier. Près de la moitié avaient déjà été traités pour un problème de santé mentale et un pourcentage légèrement plus élevé avait déclaré un diagnostic antérieur de problème de santé mentale. Plus de 60 % des répondants de l’échantillon travaillaient en milieu hospitalier. Le moment des augmentations et des diminutions du nombre mensuel de nouvelles demandes coïncidait approximativement avec respectivement le début et la fin des vagues de COVID-19. Les cinq principaux problèmes à l’origine des demandes de traitement étaient les symptômes d’anxiété généralisée ou d’inquiétude, la dépression, une crise situationnelle ou une réaction aiguë à un facteur de stress, la difficulté à gérer le stress (professionnel ou financier) et des symptômes de stress post-traumatique.

Conclusion

Des travailleurs de la santé ont demandé par eux-mêmes à recevoir du soutien en santé mentale pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 en Ontario. La majorité d’entre eux voulaient obtenir un traitement pour des symptômes d’anxiété généralisée, d’inquiétude ou de dépression. Les résultats de cette étude pourraient éclairer la planification du réseau en vue des pandémies futures, ainsi que la planification des programmes de mieuxêtre destinés à aider le personnel de santé à faire face au stress en milieu de travail en période post-pandémique.
Tribunal de las Aguas de la Vega de Valencia y la Huerta Valenciana: aspectos referentes a la solución de conflictos
Authors: Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: February 2025

La existencia del Tribunal de las Aguas de la Vega de Valencia se vincula de forma muy estrecha con la Huerta Valenciana. El agua que riega las acequias del margen derecho e izquierdo del río Turia forma parte de este Tribunal milenario que se encarga de dirimir los conflictos en torno a ella. Nos proponemos en este trabajo establecer la conexión del tribunal con un espacio altamente protegido como es la Huerta, y las características que tiene un tribunal consuetudinario para resolver los conflictos que se producen en materia de riego en dicho espacio. La regulación específica de la Huerta así como la ordenación territorial resultan de especial interés para la pervivencia de un tribunal único en el mundo y que ha sido declarado patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad.
Primeros instrumentos jurídicos del Derecho Nuclear
Authors: Villulla Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

Al ser una Ciencia Social, el Derecho aparece para regular un hecho nuevo después de que este ocurre, como sucedió con la Energía Nuclear. Cuando se supo de la existencia de esta energía y se formaron los primeros grupos de estudio, la regulación jurídica dijo presente y comenzó a ordenar los hechos.  Es importante relatar las condiciones en que se fueron formando estas primeras normas del Derecho nuclear, su contexto histórico y sus efectos.  El presente trabajo describe cómo se fue elaborando el primer acuerdo entre países vinculado a la fabricación de la bomba atómica, el período histórico en el que se originó y cómo se sancionó la primer ley de actividad nuclear de la historia. Estas nuevas disposiciones quedaron en la memoria de las futuras leyes y administraciones nucleares que le siguieron en el tiempo, no sólo en Estados Unidos de América, sino también en el resto del mundo, viciando la relación entre esta nueva forma de generar energía eléctrica y las sociedades que pudieron aprovecharla.
Trabajo decente y tareas de cuidado
Authors: Bariggi Mónica
Published: February 2025

Unas de las principales tensiones del trabajo decente son las tareas del cuidado remuneradas y no remuneradas generalmente llevadas adelante por los sectores más vulnerables, de las cuales al menos el Estado y el mercado se nutren y se basan para sostener la economía. Resulta necesario visibilizar las tenciones, las políticas públicas en Argentina para mitigar las tensiones y observar el impacto en las finanzas públicas.
Agenda 2030 y los objetivos de desarrollo
Authors: Villace Fernández Carlos
Published: February 2025

El presente documento tiene como objetivo el análisis de los presupuestos necesarios para una implementación eficaz de la Agenda 2030 y de los Objetivos de Desarrollo en las distintas administraciones públicas en España de forma que pueda convertirse en la guía de todas las políticas públicas realizadas a todos los niveles de las organizaciones gubernamentales. Con este objetivo en el artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis de los principales instrumentos del liderazgo y de la gobernanza requeridos, junto a los retos y propuestas para avanzar en la consecución de la Agenda desde la coherencia de políticas públicas en las respectivas administraciones públicas de la Comunidad Internacional.
naturaleza jurídica del documento notarial
Authors: Cosola Sebastian Justo
Published: February 2025

El presente ensayo presenta una nueva consideración de la naturaleza de jurídica del documento notarial, a partir de la utilización del método comparativo con las sentencias judiciales. Se pretende corroborar que el documento público que realiza el notario decide el derecho en la paz. En esencia, es un instrumento decisorio.
Sistemas uninominales: su aplicación en Argentina
Authors: Costa Edgardo Mario
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo analiza la urgencia de una reforma política en Argentina que responda a la aguda crisis institucional que se experimentó durante la transición del siglo XX al XXI, con el objeto y fin de fortalecer el sistema republicano y democrático. Dicha reforma debe trascender la mera modificación del sistema electoral, pues se examina detalladamente la elección de diputados nacionales y se plantea el sistema de Circunscripciones Uninominales (CU) como mecanismo para establecer una conexión más estrecha entre los electores y los elegidos. Asimismo, se traza una radiografía de las experiencias pasadas con las CU en Argentina (1904, 1951 y 1954), equiparándolas con el caso británico, cuya finalidad es resolver acerca de su viabilidad y las posibles consecuencias en un contexto actual.
Democracia: entre el control y la codicia
Authors: Bursztyn Debora Cecilia
Published: February 2025

El devenir histórico nos ha traído a una Argentina que conmemora los cuarenta años de una democracia incipiente. Ello pone en evidencia la falta de un equilibrio social y económico que en muchos casos resulta consecuencia de la falta de práctica de controles horizontales. Ello derivará en abusos por parte de las autoridades públicas, que muchas veces derivan en actos de corrupción. Creemos que esa falta de transparencia en el comportamiento de los agentes estatales deriva en los altos índice de pobreza que asolan nuestro suelo.
En busca del sentido político perdido
Authors: Fernández Vega José
Published: February 2025

La victoria electoral de Javier Milei sorprendió a la sociedad argentina no menos que al arco político del país. Las razones de este triunfo aún despiertan polémicas en la esfera pública. Un libro del sociólogo Javier Balsa ofrece una serie de claves para comprender mejor este proceso. Su análisis se funda en investigaciones empíricas originales y previas al desenlace electoral. Las conclusiones que desprende de ellas, se comentan críticamente en este texto. Balsa releva en profundidad una serie de mutaciones sociales e ideológicas que hicieron posible un cambio político radical en el país en el contexto de una crisis de múltiples dimensiones.
A antropofágica festa do corpo na poesia de Herberto Helder
Authors: Damião Solange
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a antropofágica festa do corpo na poesia de Herberto Helder e, para isso, foram selecionados alguns poemas do autor. O suporte teórico do artigo se concentra na presença do pensamento sobre a desfiguração do corpo humano (Moraes, 2017), nas noções de metamorfose do corpo (Gil, 1997), no corpo e suas diferentes significações (Nancy, 2000) e, especificamente, no corpo como expressão e linguagem (Merleau- Ponty, 2018).
Identification of Management Traits Related to Human Factors in New Views of Safety Approaches
Authors: Brasileiro José Leônidas Bier , Wasserman Julio Cesar , Lima Gilson Brito Alves
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify common management behaviors related to human factors among principles and characteristics of the main New Views of Safety.
 
Theoretical Framework: Command-and-control management models developed from scientific management and quality control are no longer suitable for organizations in our increasing complex world, because of their mechanistic views and lack of consideration for all contributing factors in the working environment. Considering that Human Factors are defined as a scientific discipline focused on understanding the interactions between humans and other elements of a system and that the planning of such systems has always been based on traditional command-and-control procedures, their inaptitude to succeed has given rise to several safety management approaches grouped under the name “New Views of Safety”. These approaches share a set of commonalities around Human Factors.
 
Method: The method used in this study is a literature review based on the PRISMA protocol to identify NV characteristics and small Delphi studies to isolate management traits related to human factors.
 
Results and Discussion: A set of relevant management behaviors was identified among the different New View (NV) approaches. Some of these behaviors were found across several of the studied approaches, denoting their common roots on the Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE).
 
Research Implication: The theoretical implication of this research points to the importance of the systems approach related to safety management, whereas the practical implication is that the management practices identified are not far from traditional management, although a different angle is needed for them to work.
 
Originality / Value: This study contributes to the originality of the research by going beyond the knowledge presented by each of the NV approaches separately, identifying their relationships and common origin and highlighting several management principles or characteristics behind these approaches,
Kanon lekturowy a model wspólnotowości. O szkolnych kreacjach świadomości zbiorowej
Authors: Kaniewski Jerzy
Published: February 2025

In this text, I discuss the creation of collective awareness in school education. I examine the problem from two perspectives – sociological (the mechanisms of shaping collective memory and the rules of functioning of such memory) and educational (the directive of the current educational policy, especially the reading lists composed by the education ministry). I am mostly interested in the issue of what the drivers are of certain educational documents (especially in curricula) – and the fact that those drivers aim to shape the concept of collective identification according to what is „right” according to current political interests. On the one hand, this is to create either an idealistic image of its own group (which is purposefully being contrasted wit the negatively painted image of the „other”) or create a myth of the past. On the other hand, the aim is to marginalise or even erase from educational discourse any narration that is considered different. Closely connected to this problem is the teachers’ dillemma about the models of community and community relations being popularised in schools (i.e. keeping up the brand of patriotism inherited from the time of occupation or the attempts to verify it in the context of modern sociaty and culture), which I also discuss in my text.
Penyisihan Senyawa Organik pada Air Limbah Tahu Menggunakan Proses Elektrokoagulasi Pasangan Elektroda Aluminium
Authors: Nur Ansiha , Komala Puti Sri , D Uttiya Annisa
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the efficiency of organic removal in the form of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3), and TSS of tofu wastewater with electrocoagulation process of aluminum electrode pairs with the monopolar arrangement. A two liters batch reactor and aluminum electrode (aluminum content of 95.7%) were used. Variations in current density (21 - 104 A / m2) and contact time (2 - 60 minutes). The optimum conditions were obtained at a current density of 104 A / m2 in 10, 15, and 2 minutes for COD, NO3, and TSS, respectively. The optimum removal efficiency for COD, NO3, and TSS were 95%, 69.64%, and 99.99%, respectively at a current density of 104 A/m2. Increases in current density and contact time were directly correlated with improvements in COD, NO3, and TSS removal effectiveness. The pH of wastewater has increased to 8.5. While the temperature of wastewater only increased in the 2nd minute to 27Â°C. Meanwhile, conductivity in wastewater decreases with increasing contact time. The decrease in conductivity is inversely proportional to the efficiency of pollutant reduction. The effluent of the results of this study has met the quality standards of Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014 Attachment XVIII concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Soybean Processing Businesses and/or Activities.Keywords: COD, electrocoagulation, aluminum electrodes, tofu wastewater, monopolar.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efisiensi penyisihan senyawa organik berupa Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),Nitrat (NO3), dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) air limbah pabrik tahu dengan proses elektrokoagulasi pasangan elektroda aluminium dengan susunan monopolar. Penelitian menggunakan reaktor batch dua liter dan elektroda aluminium (kandungan aluminium sebesar 95,7%). Variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi rapat arus ( 21 - 104 A/m2) dan waktu kontak (2 â€“ 60 menit). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 selama 10, 15, dan 2 menit untuk masing-masing COD, NO3, dan TSS. Efisiensi penyisihan optimum untuk COD, NO3 dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 95%, 69,64% dan 99,99 % pada rapat arus 104 A/m2. Peningkatan efisiensi penyisihan COD, NO3 dan TSS berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan rapat arus dan waktu kontak. pH air limbah mengalami peningkatan hingga 8,5. Temperatur air limbah hanya meningkat pada menit ke-2 menjadi 27Â°C. Sementara itu konduktivitas pada air limbah menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu kontak. Penurunan konduktivitas berbanding terbalik dengan efiisiensi penyisihan polutan. Efluen hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No 5 Tahun 2014 Lampiran XVIII tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha dan/ atau Kegiatan Pengolahan Kedelai.
Ideas about the structure of the firmament in the worldview of an Orthodox Christian of the X–XVII centuries (based on canonical and apocryphal texts)
Authors: Franchuk Oksana Valer'evna , Derevskova Elena  Nikolaevna , Podgorskaya Anna Vyacheslavovna
Published: February 2025

The author analyzes a fragment of the religious worldview of the Eastern and southern Slavs associated with the perception of celestial space. The research was conducted on the basis of canonical biblical texts and works popular in Ancient Russia of the X-XVII centuries containing information about the world order (Severian Gabalsky "Six speeches about the universe / Shestodnev"; John Damascene "Theology"; "Palea the Sensible"). The study of the field of verbalizers of the concept of "Heaven" in the texts of the Holy Scriptures revealed the presence of several meanings of the noun "heaven". The biblical texts contain references to the components of the firmament: the firmament of heaven, created on the second day of Creation, and the spiritual invisible sky– the place of God's presence. However, an analysis of exclusively classical biblical texts and their commentaries did not make it possible to build the structure of the concept of "Heaven" in the Christian worldview. To this day, interpretations of the semantics and etymology of the name "firmament" for the designation of the firmament are controversial. In non-canonical Christian texts, ideas about the heterogeneity of the aboveground space are concretized and illustrated with examples that are understandable to the reader. The sky is interpreted as a plane that exists parallel to the earth's surface; as a dome resting on the earth; as a sphere that has no support and is held only by the power of divine design. The differentiation of the sky into "existing, visible" and "heaven - the upper sky" is complemented by the concept of a boundary separating the material world from the higher ideal world. The overlap was associated with masses of water that turned into ice and looked like crystal. The verbalizers of these representations were the linguistic units "firmament", "firmament of heaven", "condensation of ice". Consequently, in the ancient Russian worldview of the X–XVII centuries, the first level of the sky could act as the very "solid" boundary that separated the material world from the higher ideal world. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by an attempt to recreate the concept of "Heaven" in the worldview of an Orthodox Christian of the X-XVII centuries.
Receding Horizon Lambert Transfer for Thrust-Limited Non-Cooperative Space Missions
Authors: Kim Sung Jun , Kim Minchae , Choi Han-Lim
Published: February 2025

This paper describes an orbital transfer method suitable for non-cooperative space missions in thrust-limited environments. Non-cooperative maneuvers by targets in orbit pose significant threats to space assets, necessitating effective countermeasures. Such missions typically fall under the category of pursuit–evasion problems, where a pursuer spacecraft aims to intercept a maneuvering target known as the evader. Traditional methods, like the two-impulse Lambert solution, prove inadequate for tracking an evader capable of unpredictable, non-cooperative maneuvers. We introduce the receding horizon Lambert transfer technique, designed to adaptively follow a non-cooperative target with nonimpulsive thrust. This approach, along with additional guidance strategies, was implemented and tested in the Kerbal Space Program–based differential game challenge. It successfully completed missions across various scenarios and secured first place in the challenge.
Credibility-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Hybrid and Fully Electric Aircraft
Authors: Wahler Nicolas F. M. , Maruyama Daigo , Elham Ali
Published: February 2025

Aircraft designs for future electric aircraft often have large discrepancies in the underlying assumptions for highly influential design parameters. More optimistic assumptions on these parameters could result in better aircraft performance but include higher risks in the realization of the design in the defined timeline. In this work, the novel concept of design credibility is introduced to be used for quantifying the effect of assumptions on the underlying technologies on the design performance and the risks. For a range of highly important parameters, probability curves have been created that can predict a range of assumed future performance by 2035. A credibility-based multidisciplinary design optimization framework is created, which evaluates the maximum achievable mission ranges for hybrid electric aircraft under credibility constraints. The optimizations are performed using a surrogate-based global optimization routine, the efficient global optimization. With the full framework, the multiple aircraft designs are optimized under a range of credibility limits to create range-credibility Pareto curves. The results show that battery gravimetric energy density is the most dominant factor for the optimization. Motor and airframe parameters have a smaller effect on the achievable range. Their influence on the optimal design depends on the desired credibility level. For high credibilities, the motor is found to be more relevant. For low credibilities, airframe technology improvements are dominant. The shape of the underlying credibility distributions of secondary parameters has a strong effect on their relevance for the optimal configuration.
Eigenvalue Sensitivity Computations for Linear Stability Theory
Authors: Klauss Connor , Paredes Pedro , Choudhari Meelan M. , Diskin Boris , Baeder James
Published: February 2025

To realize the drag reduction benefit of boundary-layer transition control strategies, it is crucial to integrate transition prediction into the vehicle design through an optimization process. The integration of transition prediction based on linear stability analysis into adjoint-based design optimization requires coupling an adjoint-enabled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with an adjoint-enabled linear stability code. In particular, the boundary-layer transition location is often predicted using the [Formula: see text]-factor method based on linear stability theory (LST). Thus, the sensitivity of the linear-stability eigenvalues constitutes an essential building block for optimizing the laminar flow performance. The present paper describes an implementation of LST eigenvalue sensitivity analysis that can be easily coupled with a CFD solver. Specifically, we describe a discrete adjoint formulation for the transition location prediction based on the [Formula: see text]-factor method. The verification of this formulation is carried out by comparing the adjoint-based sensitivity of the local growth rate of a given instability mode with respect to the disturbance frequency and the adjoint-based sensitivity of the transition location with respect to the spanwise wavenumber with those sensitivities computed using a finite-difference approximation. Finally, the adjoint LST formulation is applied to flat-plate boundary-layer flows at transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic conditions to determine the behavior and sensitivities of the transition location with respect to a range of disturbance spanwise wavenumbers.
An Enhanced Jig-Shape Approach to Lifting Propeller Design
Authors: Möhren Felix , Bergmann Ole , Janser Frank , Braun Carsten
Published: February 2025

The jig-shape approach decouples the design process of aeroelastic structures. During structural sizing, elastic deformations are subtracted from the initial shape to achieve a desirable flying shape under loads at one specific design point. However, due to nonlinear loads, stiffness, and deformations, there is a disparity between intended rigid and actual elastic propeller performance at off-design points. Propellers lifting air taxis or large cargo drones are particularly susceptible to such variances due to their slender design. This paper presents an enhanced jig-shape approach to minimize these discrepancies by inducing additional coupling effects counteracting elastic deformations. Beyond the traditional single-point predeflection analysis, the improved strategy employs geometric and structural modifications to mitigate errors at off-design points. Comparing the aeroelastic performance of propellers sized according to the traditional and the enhanced procedure illustrates the effectiveness of the modifications. The enhanced approach remains computationally efficient due to its decoupled nature. A novel finite beam element that accurately captures the relevant structural coupling effects of lifting propellers is derived. Applying unbalanced ply layups inducing extension–twist coupling is limited in effectiveness and increases weight. Modifying the coning angle of a straight blade affects loads and stresses but does not allow the adjustment of aeroelastic performance. Combining the coning angle with a swept planform enables the flexible correction of aeroelastic performance within limits at minimal weight increase.
Implementation of Fuel-Saving Relaxed Climb Procedure
Authors: Mori Ryota
Published: February 2025

In the previous works, the author investigated an optimal climb trajectory by reducing thrust near the top of climb utilizing vertical speed mode. While the prior study demonstrated the potential for fuel savings through numerical simulations, it only considered a limited flight environment. This paper delves deeper, aiming to implement the proposed climb method in the real world. Specifically, this paper presents three contributions. Firstly, to mitigate the potential concern of flight safety and pilot workload, an enhanced pilot procedure employing maximum cruise thrust setting instead of vertical speed mode is proposed. Secondly, the influence of various flight parameters, such as wind, air temperature, and the selection of cruising altitude, is investigated to ascertain the applicability of the proposed climb method in the real world. Thirdly, the proposed climb method is evaluated using full-flight simulator experiments involving multiple aircraft types, conducted in collaboration with a Japanese aircraft operator. The expected impact of the proposed climb procedure is revealed in terms of fuel savings and pilot workload. According to the findings, the proposed procedure has the potential to yield up to 100 lb of fuel per climb, with negligible implications for flight safety and pilot workload.
Design Optimization of Rear-Fuselage Boundary-Layer Ingestion Shrouded Propulsor
Authors: Battiston Andrea , Magrini Andrea , Ponza Rita , Benini Ernesto
Published: February 2025

The mitigation of the environmental impact of civil aviation is driving the development of new technologies with the potential for lower emissions, such as boundary-layer ingestion (BLI) configurations. BLI propulsion operates on the wake-filling principle, by energizing the low-momentum boundary layer developed past the airframe to reduce the kinetic energy waste that is needed in the jet of isolated propulsors to produce thrust. In this paper, we present a design optimization study of an aft-fuselage BLI propulsor using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization to maximize the ratio between net-force power and fan flow power in conjunction with the net force acting on the fuselage. A design space exploration is first conducted for an axisymmetric parametric model, revealing the primary influence of global size variables. An optimized two-dimensional model is then used to generate an upswept three-dimensional fuselage and propulsor geometry, whose nonaxisymmetric nacelle external cowl is further optimized to improve the uniformity of the Mach number and the mass flux distribution along the azimuth. The final design exhibits a fan pressure ratio of 1.31 and the ratio between the rear-fuselage thrust power to fan flow power is 0.79, 3% higher than the initial nonoptimized axisymmetric geometry in absolute terms.
Impact of Phase Offset on the Flowfields Downstream of Synchronized Propellers
Authors: Welker Nathan , Maynes Daniel
Published: February 2025

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the interactions of two side-by-side propellers in hover ([Formula: see text]) using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The propellers employed were DJI 9443 propellers rotating at 4860 RPM with a spacing of 5% of the propeller diameter. The SPIV measurement images were phase-locked with the synchronized propeller rotation. Three experimental scenarios were considered: a) a single propeller; b) dual, counter-rotating propellers rotating exactly in phase; and c) dual, counter-rotating propellers rotating 90 deg out of phase. The propeller tip vortices, full-field velocity measurements, and overall momentum flux measurements were analyzed for the three scenarios. The interactions of adjacent propellers caused a 55% faster decay in the peak vorticity of the tip vortices and significantly altered the tip vortex trajectories when compared to a single-propeller scenario. There was negligible change in the magnitude of the peak vorticity in tip vortex cores, the dissipation of the tip vortices, and axial velocity flowfields downstream of the propellers for the two differing phase-offset dual-propeller configurations. For both dual-propeller scenarios, the average momentum flow rate was 2.2% higher than for the single-propeller case, while the peak value was 5.2% higher.
Convex Approach to Real-Time Multiphase Trajectory Optimization for Urban Air Mobility
Authors: Wu Yufei , Deniz Sabrullah , Shi Yang , Wang Zhenbo
Published: February 2025

Electric vertical takeoff and landing technology has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate ground transportation congestion. However, the limited capacity of onboard batteries enforces hard time constraints for vehicle operations in a complex urban environment. Therefore, a constrained, real-time trajectory optimization method is necessary to enable safe and energy-efficient vehicle flight. Unfortunately, most existing trajectory optimization methods suffer from low computational efficiency, unpredictable convergence processes, and strong dependence on a good initial trajectory. In this paper, we employ a successive convex programming approach to solve the multiphase minimum-energy-cost electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicle trajectory optimization problem for urban air mobility applications. The main contribution is the development and validation of two novel convexification methods that find approximate optimal solutions to the multiphase nonlinear trajectory optimization problem in real time by solving a sequence of convex subproblems. Specifically, the first method transforms the original nonlinear problem into a sequence of second-order cone programming problems through a convenient change of variables and lossless convexification, while the second approach achieves a similar goal without the need for control convexification. The resulting convex subproblems can be solved reliably in real time by advanced interior point methods. The proposed methods are demonstrated through numerical simulations of two different urban air mobility scenarios and compared with the solution obtained from GPOPS-II, a state-of-the-art general-purpose optimal control solver. Our proposed sequential convex programming methods can obtain near-optimal solutions with faster computational speed than GPOPS-II.
Distributed Conflict Detection and Optimal Four-Dimensional Trajectory Resolution Leveraging Polynomial-Based Methods
Authors: Klinefelter Michael , Stone Austin , Miller Joshua , Peterson Cameron K. , Salmon John
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a methodology for distributed conflict detection and resolution of aircraft following time-dependent flight paths. We use parametric fifth-order polynomial splines to define the full, time-based paths of aircraft. This representation can be exploited to rapidly detect conflicts and calculate optimal resolution solutions that minimize deviations from the original path. Conflicts are identified using a Sturm sequencing procedure and resolutions are found using gradient-based optimization techniques. Simulations show the locally optimal resolution of complex multi-aircraft conflicts and large-scale scenarios. Also, a method of fitting the flight- path model to data sets is presented and flight-path trajectories are shown to accurately represent commercial aircraft trajectories from collected automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast data sets.
Distributed Impulsive Satellite Swarm-Keeping Based on Connectivity and Relative Cartesian States
Authors: Chen Qifeng , Jin Hua , Wei Caisheng , Liao Yuxin
Published: February 2025

Topological connectivity, which is the minimum requirement for a swarm to cooperate, was exploited to design control strategies for satellite swarm-keeping. Low fuel consumption is expected to be achieved by imposing only this minimum requirement on the relative motion. A distributed topology regulation method was adopted to maintain connectivity via proper topology switching with variations in intersatellite distances in free motion. Intersatellite distance-keeping control was only activated when free relative motion would otherwise disrupt connectivity of all possible topologies or when collision avoidance was needed. Velocity impulse commands for relative distance control were generated according to the relative states between critical satellite pairs. A distributed protocol was proposed to integrate the pairwise velocity impulse commands to obtain the impulse to be implemented for each satellite. The convergence of the protocol was theoretically guaranteed. The simulation of 10-day swarm-keeping for 50 satellites in low Earth orbit under the influence of the Earth’s nonspherical [Formula: see text] term demonstrated that the swarm could be kept in bounded relative motion with an average velocity impulse of approximately 0.038 m/s per day and an average number of velocity impulses of approximately 1.22 per orbit for each satellite, and collisions could be eliminated in the steady state.
Flow Control over a Generic Tailless Chined Forebody Delta Wing
Authors: Rojas Carvajal Tomás E. , Amitay Michael
Published: February 2025

Active flow control via finite-span synthetic jet (SJ) actuators was used to affect the aerodynamic loads on a half model of a chined forebody delta wing. Three different SJ orientations were explored, employing surface-normal SJs, horizontal SJs, or SJs angled 45 deg away from the leading edge relative to the normal direction. Six cases were explored, one with each jet individually actuated and one with both jets actuated together, each with and without pulse-modulation waveform having a modulation frequency corresponding to the helical mode frequency. In all cases, the synthetic jets were activated with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] per jet). Aerodynamic load measurements were conducted to explore the effects of flow control, along with detailed flowfield measurements using [Formula: see text] to shed light on the reasons for these effects. It was found that the surface-normal SJs had a much larger effect on the aerodynamic coefficients than the other two SJ orientations. This resulted in an increase in nose-down pitching moment, increased lift and increased drag, as well as reduced wandering of the chine and wing vortices. In addition, pulse modulation made the actuation much more energy-efficient as the modulation caused the helical mode to lock onto the actuation frequency.
Simultaneous Shadowgraph and CH* Chemiluminescence of a Flow-Through Rotating Detonation Combustor
Authors: Wiggins Rachel , Pritschau Tyler , Gutmark Ephraim
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the stabilization mechanism and interaction between the detonation wave and core flow in a flow-through rotating detonation combustor (FT-RDC). Employing simultaneous high-speed shadowgraph and broadband CH* chemiluminescence, we unravel the unique flow-field dynamics and elucidate the propagation process from the detonation wave to stabilize core flow combustion. The FT-RDC is operated using an ethylene–air mixture under various test parameters to systematically introduce core flow and fuel to assess combustion stability. Results reveal that the RDC pilot enhances core combustion under stoichiometric and fuel rich core conditions, though fuel lean and solely core air flow conditions suppress the detonation wave, giving rise to weak rotating thermoacoustic waves. Additionally, higher RDC air mass flow rates exhibit a more pronounced interaction, as supported by dynamic pressure trends and fast Fourier transform analysis. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition analysis unveils distinct transverse acoustic modes—first tangential, higher tangential, and radial—characterizing the intricate interaction and unique flow features. Furthermore, a novel algorithm was developed to dissect the different regions of the flow field, shedding light on the impact of the detonation on the core flow. These findings emphasize the critical role of operational parameters, particularly core flow rate and equivalence ratio, in shaping the interaction dynamics.
Improved γ-Reθ-Ar Model for Predicting Distributed Roughness-Induced Transition
Authors: Fan Yuxiang , Zhao Rui , Shen Lihui , Zhang Xu
Published: February 2025

The surface roughness during ablation significantly affects the hypersonic boundary-layer transition and heat transfer. In this study, an equation of transport for the roughness amplification factor [Formula: see text] is introduced based on the improved baseline hypersonic [Formula: see text] transition model by considering the effects of surface roughness. The roughness amplification factor [Formula: see text] is convected into the flow field to represent the disturbance induced by the surface roughness. It defines a region of influence of the surface roughness to locally modify the transition model and track changes in the momentum thickness to locally modify the criteria for the onset of transition. Moreover, the boundary condition of the wall is amended for the specific rate of turbulence dissipation to model the effects of roughness in the fully turbulent zone. The improved model can accurately predict the location of transition in roughness under different hypersonic flows.
Effect of Activation Energy on Detonation Cellular Dynamics and Reinitiation Behaviors
Authors: Tang Shizhi , Zhang Shiyan , Lai Shuyue , Fang Xiaohang
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional simulations of detonation propagation in a channel filled with stoichiometric hydrogen–air mixture with unity Lewis number using the chemical-diffusive model (CDM) coupled with compressible Navier–Stokes equations are presented. Specifically, the effect of four activation energies ([Formula: see text], and 10) with CDM on detonation cell structures, cellular dynamics, and reinitiation behaviors is discussed. As [Formula: see text] increases, detonation cell size increases and the cellular structure becomes more irregular. Spectral analysis by the auto-correlation function is performed to provide quantitative insights about detonation cell size and irregularity. Furthermore, detailed analysis on the detonation wavefront captures three distinct detonation propagation modes, including stable detonation ([Formula: see text]), weakly unstable detonation ([Formula: see text]), and highly unstable detonation ([Formula: see text]). The effect of activation energy in detonation attenuation is further studied through a detonation propagation over a semicylinder obstacle, where two distinct detonation attenuation regimes are captured, including unattenuated detonation transmission ([Formula: see text]) and critical detonation reinitiation ([Formula: see text]). The mechanism of the critical detonation reinitiation event is further examined. It is found that a strong transverse detonation wave forms at higher activation energies after the Mach shock reflection at the bottom wall, which eventually leads to a steady detonation propagation.
Rotor-Fuselage-Intake Aerodynamics and Icing Using Vortex and Eulerian–Lagrangian Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods
Authors: Sengupta Bidesh , Esmaeilifar Esmaeil , Sadegh Araghizadeh M. , Kang Sungu , Lee Hakjin , Myong Rho Shin , Prince Raj Lawrence
Published: February 2025

Rotorcraft rotor-fuselage-intake aerodynamics and icing present unique challenges associated with rotor-wake dynamics and the interaction of rotor wake with the fuselage and the intake. The effects of the rotor wake are dominant in low forward flight, and performing high-fidelity simulations of the rotor-fuselage-intake simultaneously is expensive. This study presents a novel hybrid nonlinear vortex–computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to rotor-fuselage-intake aerodynamics and icing. The method combines nonlinear vortex–lattice, Lagrangian vortex–particle, and Eulerian CFD methods on airflow and droplet impingement with a PDE-based ice-accretion model. The Lagrangian description of rotor wake preserves the wake structure independently of the Eulerian grid, whereas the Eulerian description of the flowfield naturally computes nonlinear flow phenomena and surface properties. The algorithm allowed the ice accretion to be computed much faster than existing methods. The method was validated by considering airflow, surface pressure, and ice accretion around a model rotorcraft. We investigated ice accretion with strong rotor wakes for different advance ratios and rotor thrust coefficients. We also investigated the effects of the suction of airflow in the intake and the differences between with and without the rotor. It was found that the advance ratio had a dominant effect compared to the rotor thrust coefficient.
Characterization of a Glow Discharge in a Tripped Hypersonic Boundary Layer
Authors: Broslawski Casey J. , Moran Ashley N. , North Simon W. , Bowersox Rodney D. W.
Published: February 2025

A direct current glow discharge plasma was generated on a canonical [Formula: see text] half-angle wedge test article. Experiments were conducted in the Texas A&M University Actively Controlled Expansion Tunnel at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The effects of Reynolds number, polarity, and upstream perturbation were all independently studied via imaging, power measurements, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). These measurements are the first to be conducted in a tripped hypersonic boundary layer and allow a deeper understanding of the interplay between the plasma and tripped flow. The plasma, formally characterized as a normal glow discharge, had negligible Joule and cathode heating effects on the boundary layer. Analogously, the installation of trips upstream of the electrodes changed only the appearance of the plasma, creating periodic streaks corresponding to the wakes and vortices produced by each trip but not altering the power across the electrodes. The OES indicates generation of nitric oxide (NO) in both the positive column and, mainly, at the cathode at the relatively low plasma power of [Formula: see text].
Investigation on Influence of Transverse Jet Incidence Angle on Radiation of Plume
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Zhang Bo , Wang Zhiguo
Published: February 2025

To study the effects of different incidence angles on the flow mixing and infrared suppression characteristics of the jet, the transverse jets were introduced on the basis of the axisymmetric convergent nozzle model, and the effects of five different transverse jets on the flow mixing and infrared suppression characteristics of the jet were studied. The flowfield and temperature field are obtained by solving the N-S (Navier-Stokes equation is the momentum conservation equation of viscous fluid) equation with the finite volume method. The infrared radiation intensity of the jet is obtained by using Reverse Monte Carlo method and narrowband model. The results showed that the transverse jet induces pair vortex structures that gradually increase in the direction of the flow. In addition, the vorticity increases with the increase of jet incidence angle, and the mixing ability of the cold flow and the high-temperature core region becomes stronger. The length of the high-temperature core region decreases continuously with the increase of the transverse jet incidence angle [Formula: see text] and reaches a minimum when [Formula: see text]. Compared to the condition without the transverse jet, the length of the high-temperature core region is shortened by 38.9%. The intensity of radiation decreases with the increase of the transverse jet incidence angle. When the incidence angle [Formula: see text] is 150 deg, the radiation intensity of the plume decreases by 34.9%.