bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmarketing safety of eltrombopag olamine : an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Peipei , Lu Sheng , Yao Bin
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with adverse events related to the novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist, eltrombopag olamine, with the intention of providing guidance for safe clinical medication practices.
Methods Adverse drug event (ADE) reports from the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) spanning from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2023 were collected and subjected to statistical analysis based on the System Organ Classification (SOC) and Preferred Terms (PT) as defined by the International Dictionary of Medical Terms (MedDRA). The report ratio method (ROR) and the proportional report ratio method (PRR) were used.
Results A total of 10,357 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports, with eltrombopag olamine identified as the primary suspected drug, were retrieved from the FAERS database. These reports included 228 risk signals at the Preferred Term (PT) level and 22 signals overall. The three most frequently reported adverse events were decreased platelet count, death and increased platelet count. The three adverse events with the highest signal intensity were increased reticulin, reticular fibrosis of bone marrow and leukopenia, respectively.Among the adverse reactions not specified in the instruction manual for eltrombopag olamine are ascites associated with gastrointestinal diseases, blistering of the oral mucosa, iron deficiency, and emaciation related to metabolic and nutritional disorders, as well as Alzheimer's dementia among various nervous system diseases, and other signals. There is no conclusive evidence to dismiss a correlation with eltrombopag olamine. The primary risks associated with SMQ drugs include hematopoietic cytopenia, various forms of bleeding, embolism, and thrombosis.
Conclusion Eltrombopag olamine has been demonstrated to be safe, with the majority of prominent risk signals aligning with known adverse reactions associated with the blood and lymphatic systems, as outlined in the prescribing information. It is recommended that clinicians exercise caution regarding the potential risks of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, abnormal platelet counts, hemorrhage, and hearing loss when administering eltrombopag olamine in a clinical setting.
Rapid and cost-effective screening of genetic markers associated with pyrethroid resistance in Musca domestica using RNAse H2 PCR (rhPCR)
Authors: Estep Alden , Sanscrainte Neil , Pagac Alexandra , Geden Christopher , IV Edwin Burgess
Published: October 2024

Pyrethroid resistance, particularly knockdown resistance (kdr), is widespread in insect pest populations, but rarely has kdr been associated with field-level pest control failure. The prevailing understanding is that kdr contributes to a resistant phenotype, but this knowledge has remained largely an academic pursuit and has not translated to tools and strategies needed by agricultural producers to make rapid decisions for effective resistance management. As a first step in providing these operational tools, we developed robust assays using the high specificity of rhPCR to reduce kdr assessment time by approximately 80% and costs ~ 75% from the traditional Sanger based method used for Musca domestica. An important consideration for the use of an operational tool is the ability to get an accurate result on the first attempt, so we used Nanopore sequencing to confirm genotypes in a subset of samples and found the first pass genotyping accuracy of rhPCR method to be 75.0%, versus 41.2% with the traditional Sanger method. To demonstrate the broad applicability and comparability of screening for kdr SNPs using rhPCR, we conducted the largest assessment of kdr genotypes of M. domestica in United States dairy operations and found similar kdr patterns to other recent studies using traditional methods.
Serotype patterns of 2022 and 2023 dengue outbreaks in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Sequeira Austin , Hasan Anamul , Zamil Md Fahad , Alam Mohammad Shafiul , Bishop Jean
Published: October 2024

Background: Dengue viruses have been prevalent since 2000 in Bangladesh, including Chattogram. The objective of the present study was to examine the serotype patterns of dengue viruses in 2022 and 2023 in Chattogram, the southern part of Bangladesh.
Methods: Present study was conducted in Chattogram Maa O Shishu Hospital from June through December, 2022 and October through December 2023. Patients clinically suggestive of dengue fever and blood NS1 test positive, were recruited in the study. A total of 80 (2022 - 68 cases and 2023-12 cases) patients were undergone serotype testing. Serotyping of 2022 samples were done in the SlieaGen L.L.C testing lab Texas, USA and 2023 samples done in ICDDR’B Bangladesh.
Results: In 2022, 68 samples underwent qPCR, and dengue viruses were identified in 27 cases (40%). Among the 27 positive cases, DENV-1 was detected in 25 samples (36.8%), DENV-2 in 3 samples (4.5%), DENV-3 in 16 samples (23.6%), and DENV-4 in 1 sample (1.5%). The distribution of serotypes in individual samples showed that DENV-1 was found in 10 samples (14.7%), while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were each found in one sample. Combined serotypes were also observed: DENV-1 + DENV-3 in 12 samples (17.6%) and DENV-1 + DENV-2 + DENV-3 in 3 samples (4.1%). In 2023, 12 samples underwent qPCR, with dengue viruses identified in 10 cases (83.3%). One sample was insufficient, and another tested PCR-negative. Of the positive cases, 9 samples (75%) were DENV-2, and 1 sample (8.3%) was DENV-1. No samples tested positive for both serotypes, and no DENV-3 or DENV-4 cases were detected that year.
Conclusions: All four serotypes were found in the 2022 but DENV-1 and DENV-3 were found more common. Mostly DENV-2 and few DEN-1 serotypes were found in the year 2023 in Chattogram. Simultaneous double and triple serotype infection in the single patients were the interesting finding in 2022 dengue outbreak. A serotype shift from DENV-1 to DENV-2 occurred in Chattogram, Bangladesh, in 2023.
Cross-sectional study to track antibiotic consumption and its appropriateness in an intensive care setting of a tertiary care hospital using AWaRe tool of World Health Organization (WHO).
Authors: Raj Grace Jabez , Balan Aravinda Kumar , Rajaram Saranya , Pandy Madhu
Published: October 2024

Background:
Incorporating AWaRe classification metrics provide a structured approach to evaluating antibiotic consumption and guiding future interventions for better antibiotic stewardship in healthcare facilities. The study aimed to quantify antibiotic consumption and assess its appropriateness in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in South India using the WHO's AWaRe tool.
Methods:
This study was conducted in a South Indian ICU over 2 months, including prescriptions with at least one antibiotic for patients admitted within 2 weeks. Around 100 prescriptions were included based on ICU admission statistics. An AWaRe tool by WHO was used to analyze antibiotic consumption and appropriateness.
Results:
201 antibiotics were prescribed, with an average of 2 antimicrobials per patient. 78.6% administered parenterally, 21.4% orally. 29% cases had clinical samples sent for Culture & Sensitivity testing. Only 29% cases showed escalation or de-escalation of antimicrobials based on clinical response.
Conclusions:
The study highlighted the empirical nature of antibiotic prescriptions, limited microbiological guidance, and inadequate adjustments based on clinical responses. These findings emphasize the need for improved guidelines and practices to optimize antibiotic use in intensive care settings, ensuring appropriateness and effectiveness in patient care.
Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorder During Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Venous Cannulation
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Dzulkafli Abdul Hafiz , Abdull Wahab Shaik Farid ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Othman Rohayu ,   MARA High Skills College, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Background: Acutely sick patients can receive emergency intravenous access through central venous cannulation to administer fluids and medicines, perform haemodynamic monitoring and extracorporeal therapies, including plasmapheresis or haemodialysis. Using the Seldinger procedure, access is gained by percutaneous puncture, frequently guided by ultrasonography into the femoral, subclavian or internal jugular veins. This study aimed to identify ergonomic risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in operators performing ultrasonography-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation at various table heights and probe orientations. Methods: Sixty emergency medicine residents participated in a cross-sectional study conducted by the Emergency and Trauma Department of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Participants were instructed to perform the cannulation at two distinct table heights and with two distinct probe orientations. To compute the ergonomic risk score, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method was used. Results: The table height of 0.5 elbow factor with varied probe resulted in a median REBA score of 5.0, whereas the table height of 0.7 elbow factor with varied probe had a median REBA score of 4.0. All four positions exhibited medium risk for MSDs. Conclusion: This study showed that the table height of 0.7 elbow factor is more ergonomically favourable while still imposed medium risk for MSDs.
Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Cancers: Opportunities, Clinical Applications and Challenges
Authors:   UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Shamsul Kamal Aishah Amirah ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Fakiruddin Kamal Shaik ,   Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Bobbo Khadijat Abubakar ,   UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Ling King Hwa ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Vidyadaran Sharmili ,   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdullah Syahril ,   UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

The insufficient and unspecific target of classical chemotherapies often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, discoveries about mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology have provided new potential approaches to improve cancer therapy. Researchers have utilised the multipotent, regenerative and immunosuppressive qualities of MSCs and tropisms towards inflammatory, hypoxic and malignant sites in various therapeutic applications. Although MSC-based therapies have generally been demonstrated safe, their effectiveness remains limited when these cells are used alone. However, through genetic engineering, researchers have proven that MSCs can be modified to have specialised delivery roles to increase their therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. They can be made to overexpress therapeutic proteins through viral or non-viral genetic modification, which enhances their innate properties. Nevertheless, these engineering strategies must be optimised to increase therapeutic efficacy and targeting effectiveness while minimising any loss of MSC function. This review underscores the cutting-edge methods for engineering MSCs, discusses their promise and the difficulties in translating them into clinical settings, and offers some prospective suggestions for the future on achieving their full therapeutic potential.
First report on the long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples stored at room temperature
Authors: Masangkay Frederick R. , Rona IV Fausto C. , Poricallan Angel Jasmine G. , Padua Raphael Louis M. , Reyes Marielle Sabina S. , Ricacho Justine Kate M. , Samar Monica Jane E. , Santos Maria Carmela I. , Tangpong Jitbanjong , Kotepui Manas , Padua Mark F. F. E. , Milanez Giovanni D. , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: October 2024

Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic, free-living amoeba ubiquitous in the environment. Despite reports of its wide distribution in the Philippines’ freshwater resources, more information on the long-term viability of the Acanthamoeba species is needed. This study aimed to define the long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples after 3 years of storage at room temperature. Stored water samples from 15 study sites were filtered through a 1.2-μm pore size glass microfiber filter, cultured in non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with Escherichia coli, and observed for amoebic growth for 14 days using light microscopy. Isolates from positive NNA culture were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using JDP1 and JDP2 Acanthamoeba-specific primers. The study site positivity was 33% (5/15). Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Acanthamoeba lenticulata were isolated from Luzon; Acanthamoeba divionensis was isolated from Visayas; and Acanthamoeba sp. and genotype T20 were isolated from Mindanao. The long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species is an added risk factor for the sustained contamination of aquatic resources and other sample matrices. This heightens the risk of transmission to humans and animals. This study demonstrated that water samples fated for Acanthamoeba studies can be stored unpreserved at room temperature for several years.
Collaborative water governance model for potable urban water supply in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Suyeno Suyeno , Sumartono Sumartono , Haryono Bambang Santoso , Amin Fadillah
Published: October 2024

The literature suggests that collaborative governance is a promising framework for addressing complex public problems while some cases have also marked failure in its implementation. Furthermore, the complexities and factors of the collaborative governance context must be understood at the early stage, as they may affect its sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to understand ‘what works and what doesn't’ and the need for sustainability of urban potable water management in Dumai City, Rokan Hilir Regency, and Bengkalis Regency through cross-sectoral collaboration and develop the best model to be developed for this collaboration. This study uses a soft system methodology in the urban potable water supply system of Riau Province with a wide range of stakeholders through in-depth interviews, thematic analysis, and the creation of purposeful activity models and rich pictures to uncover and address complex issues. The study found that the implementation of collaborative water management in urban areas with the collaborative water governance approach has worked well in the short term. However, it has not enhanced organizational autonomy or fostered trust and reciprocity dimensions in the long term. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of a collaborative supervisory board that will open internal and external opportunities.
The limitation of machine learning methods for water supply and demand forecasting: A case study for Greater Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Gato-Trinidad Shirley , King Kuok Kuok
Published: October 2024

Many cities around the world have faced water scarcity due to climate change, population growth, and urbanization. Accurate water supply and demand forecasting is critical for sustainable urban water management. Machine learning (ML) models provide new possibilities for forecasting compared with traditional models in handling non-linearity. This study aims to address the efficacy of ML models, long short-term memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), for forecasting water supply and demand in Greater Melbourne, Australia. The ML modelling utilized daily water supply and demand, and climatic variables (rainfall and maximum temperature) recorded by Melbourne Water and the Bureau of Meteorology from 1990 to 2019. The stacked LSTM performs better than other models in forecasting with R2, RMSE, and MAPE values of 0.908, 335.74 ML, and 23.5% for water supply and 0.791, 94.88 ML, and 5.3% for water demand, respectively. The inclusion of climatic variables enhanced the accuracy of forecasting by improving R2 and reducing RMSE and MAPE. The results indicate effectiveness of ML models, particularly LSTM-based architectures, in forecasting water supply and demand. However, these models have limitations, particularly in forecasting extreme values, emphasizing the need to improve ML models for more reliable and accurate water management.
Groundwater potential mapping and its sustainable management using AHP and FR models in the Jedeb watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Asrade Tadie Mulie
Published: October 2024

Groundwater potential mapping and its sustainable development are important aspects of the Jedeb watershed due to an increase in groundwater demand and the local population. This study aimed to delineate potential groundwater zones in the Jedeb watershed, using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio (FR) model. Nine thematic layers, including lithology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, land cover and land use, lineament density, rainfall, soil, and static water level, were considered. The thematic layers obtained were integrated into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment to generate the groundwater potential map. Four classes of groundwater potential have been identified: low, moderate, high, and very high. The low classes represent 12.8% and 7.02%; moderate 25.35% and 34.84%; high 38.8% and 33.11%; and very high 23.05% and 25.03%, for the AHP and FR models, respectively. The result map was also validated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve from which result accuracy was obtained is 85.6% and 88.3% for the AHP method and FR method, respectively. The study's validation verified that the FR model produced more efficacious results than the AHP model. This study, will be helpful in providing planners, and decision-makers with rapid decision-making when it comes to managing groundwater resources.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA Mutation: Mitochondrial Genome Editing in Atherosclerosis Research
Authors: Khotina Victoria A. , Vinokurov Andrey Y. , Sinyov Vasily V. , Zhuravlev Alexander D. , Popov Daniil Y. , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Sobenin Igor A. , Orekhov Alexander N.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease often associated
with mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to various cellular and metabolic
abnormalities. Within the mitochondrial genome, specific mutations have been implicated
in contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. Atherosclerosis-associated
m.15059G>A mutation has been of particular interest due to its potential role in altering
mitochondrial function and cellular health.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the role of the atherosclerosis-associated
m.15059G>A mutation in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in monocyte--
like cells.

Methods:

Monocyte-like cytoplasmic hybrid cell line TC-HSMAM1, which contains
the m.15059G>A mutation in mtDNA, was used. The MitoCas9 vector was utilized to
eliminate mtDNA copies carrying the m.15059G>A mutation from TC-HSMAM1 cybrids.
Mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxygen species, and
lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using flow cytometry. Cellular reduced glutathione
levels were assessed using the confocal microscopy. The oxygen consumption
rate was measured using polarographic oxygen respirometry.

Results:

The elimination of the m.15059G>A mutation resulted in a significant increase
in mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial efficiency while also
causing a decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, as
well as cellular bioenergetic parameters, such as proton leak and non-mitochondrial oxygen
consumption. At the same time, no changes were found in the intracellular antioxidant
system after the mitochondrial genome editing.

Conclusions:

The presence of the m.15059G>A mutation contributes to mitochondrial
dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing the generation of
reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and altering mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Elimination of the mtDNA containing atherogenic mutation leads to an improvement in
mitochondrial function.
Emerging Promise of Green Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles for the Management of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Moghaddam Zahra Esmaeili , Hamidi Samin , Azarfarin Maryam , Salatin Sara
Published: October 2024

The management of neurological disorders is very challenging due to the presence of the bloodbrain
barrier (BBB) that prevents the entry of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). The advancement
of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) provides a novel direction for the treatment of neurological disorders. However,
there is a significant concern regarding the toxic effects of metal NPs on biological tissues like the brain.
The green synthesis strategy offers a superior alternative to the traditional methods for the development of metallic
NPs. Notable metal and metal oxide NPs can be produced using various bio-reductants derived from natural
sources such as plant tissues, fungi, bacteria, yeast, and alga. These biological agents play double roles as
they expedite the reduction process and act as capping and stabilizing agents. In this paper, we discuss the major
neurological disorders and the physical barriers limiting the transport of therapeutics to the CNS. Moreover,
a special focus is given to the unique features of green synthesized metallic NPs for therapeutic purposes
in various neurological disorders. The insights provided will guide future research toward better outcomes and
facilitate the development of innovative treatments for neurological disorders.
Isolation, Development and Validation of Chromatographic Methods for the Estimation of Linoleic Acid from Different Parts of Euphorbia Neriifolia Linn.
Authors: Chaudhary Priya , Singh Devendra , Meena Mukesh , Janmeda Pracheta
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

This is the first report on the development and validation of thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometric methods
for the identification of linoleic acid (LA) in petroleum ether extract (PEE) of Euphorbia neriifolia
(EN) stem (ST), latex (LX), and bark (BA).

Methodology:

Chromatographic analyses were performed on silica gel-G and silica gel 60 F254
plates and the antioxidant activities of isolated compounds were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) spectrophotometric assay.

Results:

The chromatographic analyses revealed better spots and well-separated peaks of LA with
retention factor (Rf) values at 0.54 (ST), 0.40 (LX), and 0.64 (BA), respectively. The linearity of the
calibration curve ranges from 10-50 ng/spot (ST), 10-100 ng/spot (LX), and 50-200 ng/spot (BA).
The proposed method was characterized by better accuracy, better robustness, and good precision,
ranging from 0.173 to 0.372% (intra-day) and 0.185 to 0.205% (inter-day). The value of the limit of
detection and quantification equal to 1.04 and 3.16 ng/spot in ST, 0.87 and 2.64 ng/spot in LX, and
0.177 and 0.53 ng/spot in BA determined the sensitivity of the method. In the obtained chromatogram,
no peak was observed other than the LA which determined the specificity of the method. The
% RSD of < 2% after periods of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h determined the stability of standard LA.

Conclusion:

Thus, the fingerprinting method is valuable in determining the adulterants and in routine
quality control of formulations and herbal drugs.
Revolutionizing Transdermal Patches: Navigating Clinical Challenges and Technological Progress
Authors: Malik Shubham , Sharma Chandan , Thakur Nishant , Kaur Bhupinder , Bainsal Neeraj
Published: October 2024

ransdermal patches, conceived to extend drug release, enhance bioavailability, and foster
patient adherence, witnessed their inaugural approval by the USFDA in the 1980s. These patches,
varying in size, constitute medicinal formulations with one or more active components that permeate
the bloodstream through the skin. This review undertakes a comprehensive examination of recent
strides in transdermal patch technology, encompassing critical facets such as their merits and demerits,
advancements in microneedle technology, the evolution of transdermal patch generation, the integration
of Artificial Intelligence, and the role of 3D printing technology. Additionally, the focus is
placed on USFDA-approved patches. Various literature databases viz. Science Direct, PubMed, and
Web of Sciences were explored for this research. The review furnished insights into the application
of 3D printing technology in the fabrication of transdermal patches and disseminated information on
USFDA-approved patches. The exploration delved into diverse strategies aimed at augmenting the
efficiency of drug delivery and promoting patient compliance. Major transdermal products being marketed
with details of their active substance have been discussed. Various applications of artificial
intelligence in drug delivery have been summarized. It may be summarized that transdermal patch
technology is not a thing of the past but a technology to stay and meet the demands of drug delivery
in the present and future.
Etiology, Recent Advances, and Clinical Trials Data for the Treatment of Angioedema: A Review
Authors: Nishad Mukul , Verma Sushma , Maqsood Ramish , Pal Rashmi Saxena
Published: October 2024

Angioedema is a health issue that affects parts of the body like the upper pulmonary
and gastric pathways and is identified by abrupt, nonpitting enlargement of the skin, mucous membranes,
or both. The swelling usually lasts a few hours to 72 hours and may appear as non-puritic,
subcutaneous, or submucosal organ edema. It is characterized by localized swelling brought on by
the release of histamine. Itching is rare, and usual areas of appearance include the hands, feet,
face, and genitalia, with periorbital swelling being the most often. The main objective of this review
article is to study in brief the classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical trial data
by describing the recent advancement in the treatment of angioedema. Various research articles obtained
from different journals indexed under Scopus and SCI were used to prepare the review article
and for illustrative work software such as Biorender and Microsoft Word was used. Histamine--
mediated angioedema, linked to allergic reactions, coexists with urticaria. Bradykinin-mediated angioedema,
exemplified by hereditary angioedema and acquired forms, lacks urticaria. Idiopathic
angioedema, with uncertain etiology. Imitated angioedema results from non-IgE-mediated reactions,
often induced by medications. It is a complicated medical condition with a variety of causes
and mechanisms. Over time, outcomes for patients have been greatly improved by a growing understanding
of its etiology, pathophysiology, and available treatments. The field of medical treatment
for this difficult problem is always changing, and this is partly due to clinical trials.
Polyene Macrolactams from Marine Micromonospora sp.
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhou Jian , Sun Fei , Jiang Honglei , Lin Ru , Zhou Jingming , Chen Xiuming , Butt Usman-Dawood , Wang Yi-nuo , Jiang Hong , Wu Bin
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Three novel macrolactams, FW8-1 (1), FW8-4 (2), and FW60-20 (3), were
isolated from a culture of Micromonospora sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated
using Mass Spectrometry (MS) and comprehensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses.

Methods:

The relative configurations of compounds 1-3 were assigned through theoretical calculations
of their NMR spectra.

objective:

The objective is to obtain PMLs with novel structures and to characterize and evaluate them.

Results:

The isolation and determination of the relative configurations of these macrolactams have
provided fresh perspectives on the biosynthetic pathways, leading to the formation of polyene macrolactams.

Conclusion:

Further, virtual screening and bioactivity predictions have suggested compounds 1-3 to
possess potential anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
Optimization, Formulation, and Ex vivo Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery of Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Authors: Jaiswal Sandhya , Gupta Ghanshyam Das
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cardiac arrhythmia, is a medical condition that reduces the heart’s efficiency
in pumping blood, and can be fatal, requires long-term management with conventional drugs, despite
their limited efficacy. Diltiazem hydrochloride, chosen as a model drug, has a short biological
half-life and extensive metabolism. Administering drug through skin is challenging, particularly due
to the penetration via stratum corneum. However, solid lipid nanoparticles as a particulate carrier
system can enhance its permeation and bioavailability.

Objective:

The study aimed to develop a matrix type transdermal patch with diltiazem hydrochloride
encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles

Methods:

The study used the solvent diffusion technique to prepare SLNs by mixing the drug and
solid lipid in an organic phase at 80°C, then slowly adding it to an aqueous phase with continuous
stirring for 45 minutes. The resulting nanodispersion was freeze-dried and analyzed for morphological
studies, encapsulation efficiency & drug content. A patch was formulated using solvent evaporation
technique, incorporating HPMC E50 (2% w/v), propylene glycol, and ethanolic oleic acid
(1.5% v/v). SLNs loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride taken equivalent to diltiazem hydrochloride
dose in the transdermal patch. The patch was then evaluated for In vitro and skin permeation studies.

Results:

The result showed a positive correlation between lipid concentration and particle size.
Probe sonication and homogenization increased particle size, while stirring speed reduced it. SEM
and TEM images confirmed spherical particles with a size of 488.1±4.01nm and an entrapment efficiency
of 55.03±1.99%. Drug release studies demonstrated 70.7% drug release from lipid matrix
over 24 hrs. The formulated patch with uniform SLN distribution, had a drug content 89.37 ±
0.04% with a surface pH of 6.1 ± 0.53, close to skin pH. The uniformity of content in 3x3 patch estimated
to be 14.587 ± 1.404 mg, close to the theoretical content 16.318 ± 1.08 mg, confirmed homogenous
distribution of diltiazem hydrochloride SLNs throughout the patch diameter. Cumulative
amount released from patch formulation at pH 5.6 and pH 7.4 was 518.1414μg/cm2 and 404.4466
μg/cm2. Synergistic flux enhancement was observed with oleic acid propylene glycol blend. Ex vivo
study of the patch showed steady-state flux of 6.9 μg/cm2/hr, permeability coefficient 0.00362
cm/hr, diffusion coefficient 0.000103 cm/hr, cumulative drug permeation (Dmax) 814.885 μg after
24 hrs, and followed a Higuchi-matrix release model.

Conclusion:

The developed patch possessed improved bioavailability with reduced dosing and enhanced
patient compliance.
Investigation of Stress and Wear Analysis for Aluminum-based Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced Silicon Carbide using ANSYS Software Package
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Naveen , Singh Gurbhej
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

This research paper examines the mechanical and wear properties of aluminium-
based cast composites, an exciting category of materials with many different uses. The
study aspires to understand more about the effectiveness of these composites under various conditions
and weights.

Method:

This investigation aims to identify the microstructural constituents that influence resistance
to wear and mechanical strength. The outcomes will provide fascinating knowledge regarding
possible applications of these composites in the field, notably manufacturing, aeroplanes,
and shipping, whereby lightweight materials with superior strength and resistance to wear are extensively
demanded. Whenever utilized, these reinforcements act like bearing structures that prevent
cracks. Aluminium lacks the characteristics needed for a wide range of engineering applications.

Results:

As a result, it is critical to produce aluminium-based alloys with all of the combinational
circuitry properties required to meet our relevant requirements.SEM (scanning electron microscopy)
anatomical assessments of aluminium, silicon carbide, and iron. The current inquiry examines
the implications of the particle stages on the microhardness, elastic modulus, and mechanical and
wear features of aluminium as the base material and silicon carbide as a reinforcement material for
composites. The sample’s microhardness and modulus of elasticity improve from 64 to 70 and 688
MPa to 719 MPa, correspondingly, when the weight percentage of silicon carbide (micro %15 and
nano%1, 2, 3, 4).

Conclusion:

The various test results are examined in this investigation and made available for correlation
with one another. The mechanical features and resistance to wear of aluminium matrix
composites manufactured using several methods have been explored.
Use of Critical Functions in Hierarchical Robotic System Control
Authors: DASHKIIEV Viktor
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The problem of decision-making by the intellectual system managing a robotic complex is considered. A key problem is the disparity between the vision of the outer world and current problem specifications. The method of decision by abstracting the appearance of the outer world by objective, criterion functions, constructions of map of distributing of values of criterion functions and decision-making by collation current map of criterion functions with standard appearances, brought in in the base of knowledge on the stage of the teaching of the intellectual system is offered.
The Sisters’ House as an Intersectional, Feminist Reception Project for Migrant Women: Exploring the Concept of Constructive Resistance.
Authors: Garny Naïké , Murru Sarah
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the Sisters’ House (SH), a woman-only, intersectional reception project for migrant women in Brussels. Originating from volunteers’ commitment to foster empowerment while addressing their specific needs, offering a ‘safe space’ that breaks the cycle of violence and trauma characteristic of their migration trajectories. This grassroots accommodation facility serves as a distinctive arena for pioneering inclusive reception practices. We analyze the SH project through the lens of constructive resistance – understood as ‘initiatives where people start to build elements of the society they desire independently of and in opposition to the dominant structures already in place’ (Sørensen et al., 2023:1). Specifically, we look at the feminist and intersectional principles underpinning the project’s vision, and its five axes of implementation. Ultimately, we innovate by highlighting how intersectionality enriches the current conceptual framework of constructive resistance.
Unveiling Usage Patterns and Explaining Usage of Symptom Checker Apps: Explorative Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wetzel Anna-Jasmin , Preiser Christine , Müller Regina , Joos Stefanie , Koch Roland , Henking Tanja , Haumann Hannah
Published: October 2024

Background

Symptom checker apps (SCA) aim to enable individuals without medical training to classify perceived symptoms and receive guidance on appropriate actions, such as self-care or seeking professional medical attention. However, there is a lack of detailed understanding regarding the contexts in which individuals use SCA and their opinions on these tools.

Objective

This mixed methods study aims to explore the circumstances under which medical laypeople use SCA and to identify which aspects users find noteworthy after using SCA.

Methods

A total of 48 SCA users documented their medical symptoms, provided open-ended responses, and recorded their SCA use along with other variables over 6 weeks in a longitudinal study. Generalized linear mixed models with and those without regularization were applied to consider the hierarchical structure of the data, and the models’ outcomes were evaluated for comparison. Qualitative data were analyzed through Kuckartz qualitative content analysis.

Results

Significant predictors of SCA use included the initial occurrence of symptoms, day of measurement (odds ratio [OR] 0.97), self-rated health (OR 0.80, P<.001), and the following International Classification in Primary Care-2–classified symptoms, that are general and unspecified (OR 3.33, P<.001), eye (OR 5.56, P=.001), cardiovascular (OR 8.33, P<.001), musculoskeletal (OR 5.26, P<.001), and skin (OR 4.76, P<.001). The day of measurement and self-rated health showed minor importance due to their small effect sizes. Qualitative analysis highlighted four main themes: (1) reasons for using SCA, (2) diverse affective responses, (3) a broad spectrum of behavioral reactions, and (4) unmet needs including a lack of personalization.

Conclusions

The emergence of new and unfamiliar symptoms was a strong determinant for SCA use. Specific International Classification in Primary Care–rated symptom clusters, particularly those related to cardiovascular, eye, skin, general, and unspecified symptoms, were also highly predictive of SCA use. The varied applications of SCA fit into the concept of health literacy as bricolage, where SCA is leveraged as flexible tools by patients based on individual and situational requirements, functioning alongside other health care resources.
Exploring and Predicting HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Patterns Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study of an mHealth Intervention in Western China
Authors: Lin Bing , Li Jiayan , Liu Jiaxiu , He Wei , Pan Haiying , Zhong Xiaoni
Published: October 2024

Background

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV infection. However, the efficacy of PrEP is highly dependent on adherence. Meanwhile, adherence changes over time, making it difficult to manage effectively.

Objective

Our study aimed to explore and predict the patterns of change in PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and evaluate the impact of the WeChat-based reminder intervention on adherence, thus providing more information for PrEP implementation strategies.

Methods

From November 2019 to June 2023, in a randomized controlled longitudinal study of the PrEP demonstration project in Western China (Chongqing, Sichuan, and Xinjiang) based on a mobile health (mHealth) reminder intervention, participants were randomly divided into reminder and no-reminder groups, with those in the reminder group receiving daily reminders based on the WeChat app. Participants were followed up and self-reported their medication adherence every 12 weeks for a total of 5 follow-up visits. We used the growth mixture model (GMM) to explore potential categories and longitudinal trajectories of adherence among MSM, and patterns of change in PrEP adherence were predicted and evaluated based on the decision tree.

Results

A total of 446 MSM were included in the analysis. The GMM identified 3 trajectories of adherence: intermediate adherence group (n=34, 7.62%), low adherence ascending group (n=126, 28.25%), and high adherence decline group (n=286, 64.13%). We included 8 variables that were significant in the univariate analysis in the decision tree prediction model. We found 4 factors and 8 prediction rules, and the results showed that HIV knowledge score, education attainment, mHealth intervention, and HIV testing were key nodes in the patterns of change in adherence. After 10-fold cross-validation, the final prediction model had an accuracy of 75%, and the classification accuracy of low and intermediate adherence was 78.12%.

Conclusions

The WeChat-based reminder intervention was beneficial for adherence. A short set of questions and prediction rules, which can be applied in future large-scale validation studies, aimed at developing and validating a short adherence assessment tool and implementing it in PrEP practices among MSM.
The MyGuide Web-Based Self-Management Tool for Concussion Rehabilitation: Mixed Methods Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Turcott Alyssa , Kang Ruthine , Yao Christopher , O'Melinn Colleen , Mahoney Patricia , Barlow Susan , Schmidt Julia
Published: October 2024

Background

Web-based concussion self-management education programs for adolescents can improve functional outcomes, reduce concussion symptoms, and increase self-efficacy. However, there are a limited number of studies examining the perceptions and acceptance of these programs and the use of these tools in the adult concussion population.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and acceptance of clinicians and adults with concussions using MyGuide Concussion (Vancouver Coastal Health), a web-based concussion self-management tool.

Methods

Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory design, a convenience sample of 8 adults with concussions and 8 clinicians who used MyGuide Concussion over a 2-year period were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed.

Results

Participants reported two key benefits of using the web-based self-management tool: (1) the tool’s emphasis on the interconnectedness of physical and psychological symptoms, and (2) the ability to provide reassurance that symptom being experienced were a normal part of the concussion experience. Clinicians described the tool as being useful as a supplementary source of information for clients in addition to clinical sessions and believed the content was useful for increasing clients’ independence in managing their own recovery.

Conclusions

Overall, the evaluation of the MyGuide tool is an acceptable and well-perceived tool for adults with concussions who require a basic understanding of concussion recovery, particularly in the early stages of recovery. Future research may include optimizing MyGuide by targeting promotional strategies and addressing other barriers to use.
Optimization of a Web-Based Self-Assessment Tool for Preconception Health in People of Reproductive Age in Australia: User Feedback and User-Experience Testing Study
Authors: Dorney Edwina , Hammarberg Karin , Rodgers Raymond , Black Kirsten I
Published: October 2024

Background

Good preconception health reduces the incidence of preventable morbidity and mortality for women, their babies, and future generations. In Australia, there is a need to increase health literacy and awareness about the importance of good preconception health. Digital health tools are a possible enabler to increase this awareness at a population level. The Healthy Conception Tool (HCT) is an existing web-based, preconception health self-assessment tool, that has been developed by academics and clinicians.

Objective

This study aims to optimize the HCT and to seek user feedback to increase the engagement and impact of the tool.

Methods

In-depth interviews were held with women and men aged 18‐41 years, who spoke and read English and were residing in Australia. Interview transcripts were analyzed, and findings were used to inform an enhanced HCT prototype. This prototype underwent user-experience testing and feedback from users to inform a final round of design changes to the tool.

Results

A total of 20 women and 5 men were interviewed; all wanted a tool that was quick and easy to use with personalized results. Almost all participants were unfamiliar with the term “preconception care” and stated they would not have found this tool on the internet with its current title. User-experience testing with 6 women and 5 men identified 11 usability issues. These informed further changes to the tool’s title, the information on how to use the tool, and the presentation of results.

Conclusions

Web-based self-assessment tools need to be easy to find and should communicate health messages effectively. End users’ feedback informed changes to improve the tool’s acceptability, engagement, and impact. We expect that the revised tool will have greater reach and prompt more people to prepare well for pregnancy.
The Research on a Currency Board System: The Case of Hong Kong Region
Authors: Wu Jian
Published: October 2024

The Currency Board System is a relatively old topic. But due to the successive increases of interest rates by the US Federal Reserve in 2022, the topic has received attention again. This paper will analyse the Currency Board System through a typical example-Hong Kong region. Firstly, the background of Currency Board System will be described. Then three conditions for the success of the Currency Board System will be analysed in the third part. After that, the suitable types of economy to apply the Currency Board System will be pointed out. Finally, it is recommend that different countries with different economic environment are better rationally implement the suitable exchange rate regime.
Study on the Restrictive Factors of Wushu Sanda Movement in Weinan Middle School of Shan xi Province
Authors: Zhen Wang , Qin Zhuang
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the development of Wushu Sanda movement in middle schools in Weinan City, Shan xi Province through the research methods of literature, questionnaire, logic analysis and expert interview, clears out the constraints of Wushu Sanda movement in middle schools, and puts forward corresponding solutions. The results show that: the effective time can not be well mastered; The site is inadequate or unsuitable; May cause fighting or disorder; Lack of martial arts education; Lack of teachers; Prone to sports injury; The lack of interest is the restricting factor that restricts the development of Wushu Sanda movement among young people. The author suggests that we should classify teaching according to the purpose of learning; Optimize the allocation and use of space; Changing the perception of parents and students; Strengthen military morality education; Recruit excellent Sanda teachers; Improve teaching quality and optimize service; Injury prevention and rehabilitation treatment are the effective countermeasures to solve the problem of Wushu Sanda movement among young people.