bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albert Camus
Authors: Foley John
Published: February 2013

Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, encompassing philosophy, literature, politics and history, John Foley examines the full breadth of Camus ideas to provide a comprehensive and rigorous guide to his political and philosophical thought and a significant contribution to a range of debates current in Camus research. Foley argues that the coherence of Camus thought can best be understood through a thorough understanding of the concepts of the absurd and revolt as well as the relation between them. The book includes a detailed discussion of Camus writings for the newspaper Combat, a systematic analysis of Camus discussion of the moral legitimacy of political violence and terrorism, a reassessment of the prevailing postcolonial critique of Camus humanism, and a sustained analysis of Camus most important and frequently neglected work, Homme révolté (The Rebel). Written with sufficient detail and clarity to satisfy both academic and student audiences, the book is an important discussion and defence of Camus philosophical thought.
Logic and How it Gets That Way
Authors: Jacquette Dale
Published: February 2013

In this challenging and provocative analysis, Dale Jacquette argues that contemporary philosophy labours under a number of historically inherited delusions about the nature of logic and the philosophical significance of certain formal properties of specific types of logical constructions. Exposing some of the key misconceptions about formal symbolic logic and its relation to thought, language and the world, Jacquette clears the ground of some very well-entrenched philosophical doctrines about the nature of logic, including some of the most fundamental seldom-questioned parts of elementary propositional and predicate-quantificational logic. Having presented difficulties for conventional ways of thinking about truth functionality, the metaphysics of reference and predication, the role of a concept of truth in a theory of meaning, among others, Jacquette proceeds to reshape the network of ideas about traditional logic that philosophy has acquired along with modern logic itself. In so doing Jacquette is able to offer a new perspective on a number of existing problems in logic and philosophy of logic.
Death
Authors: May Todd
Published: February 2013

The fact that we will die, and that our death can come at any time, pervades the entirety of our living. There are many ways to think about and deal with death. Among those ways, however, a good number of them are attempts to escape its grip. In this book, Todd May seeks to confront death in its power. He considers the possibility that our mortal deaths are the end of us, and asks what this might mean for our living. What lessons can we draw from our mortality? And how might we live as creatures who die, and who know we are going to die? In answering these questions, May brings together two divergent perspectives on death. The first holds that death is not an evil, or at least that immortality would be far worse than dying. The second holds that death is indeed an evil, and that there is no escaping that fact. May shows that if we are to live with death, we need to hold these two perspectives together. Their convergence yields both a beauty and a tragedy to our living that are inextricably entwined. Drawing on the thoughts of many philosophers and writers -ancient and modern- as well as his own experience, May puts forward a particular view of how we might think about and, more importantly, live our lives in view of the inescapability of our dying. In the end, he argues, it is precisely the contingency of our lives that must be grasped and which must be folded into the hours or years that remain to each of us, so that we can live each moment as though it were at once a link to an uncertain future and yet perhaps the only link we have left.
Understanding Feminism
Authors: Bowden Peta
Published: February 2013

Understanding Feminism provides an accessible guide to one of the most important and contested movements in progressive modern thought. Presenting feminism as a dynamic, multi-faceted and adaptive movement that has evolved in response to the changing practical and theoretical problems faced by women, the authors take a problem-oriented approach that maps the complex strands of feminist thinking in relation to womens struggles for equal recognition and rights, and freedom from oppressive constraints of sex, self-expression and autonomy. Each chapter focuses on a different cluster of concerns, demonstrating key moves in second-wave feminist thought, as well as some of the diversity in response-strategies that encompass both socio-economic and cultural-symbolic concerns. This approach not only shows how central feminist insights, theories and strategies emerge and re-emerge across different contexts, but makes clear that far from being over, feminism remains a vital response to the diverse issues that women (and men) find pressing and socially important.
Faith
Authors: Hobson Theo
Published: February 2013

In Faith, the theologian Theo Hobson explores the notion of faith and the role it plays in our lives. He unpacks the concept to ask whether faith is dependent on religion or whether it is also a general secular phenomenon. In exploring this question Hobson ranges widely over theology, philosophy, politics and psychology and engages with the writings of Christian and atheist thinkers alike. The book begins by considering attitudes to faith in recent works of atheism. Hobson shows how Richard Dawkins and other writers, while attacking faith in one sense, have exhibited faith in another. The book goes on to explore the wider meaning of faith, including our faith in free-market capitalism, the part faith plays in democratic politics and the role faith has in our psychological well-being. To understand the role of faith in modernity, Hobson argues, we must attend to the specifically Christian concept of faith. Hobson then returns to the religious meaning of faith by exploring the account of faith in the Bible and charting the tension between faith and reason in Christian thought. The final chapter takes an autobiographical turn and relates how the author came to take faith seriously and to question what Christians are meant to have faith in. From the Old Testament story of Abraham to the visionary poetry of W. B. Yeats, from the polemics of Luther to the rhetoric of Barack Obama, the author presents us with a fresh and illuminating meditation on the nature of faith. In doing so, he reveals how trust and faith, the religious and secular, are utterly entwined and how the attraction of religious faith outweighs the intellectual difficulties it presents.
The Solitary Self
Authors: Midgley Mary
Published: February 2013

Renowned philosopher, Mary Midgley explores the nature of our moral constitution to challenge the view that reduces human motivation to self-interest. Midgley argues cogently and convincingly that simple, one-sided accounts of human motives, such as the selfish gene tendency in recent neo-Darwinian thought, may be illuminating but are always unrealistic. Such neatness, she shows, cannot be imposed on human psychology. She returns to Darwins original writings to show how the reductive individualism which is now presented as Darwinism does not derive from Darwin but from a wider, Hobbesian tradition in Enlightenment thinking. She reveals the selfish gene hypothesis as a cultural accretion that is just not seen in nature. Heroic independence is not a realistic aim for Homo sapiens. We are, as Darwin saw, earthly organisms, framed to interact constantly with one another and with the complex ecosystems of which we are a tiny part. For us, bonds are not just restraints but also lifelines.
Darwinian Creativity and Memetics
Authors: Kronfeldner Maria
Published: February 2013

Maria Kronfeldner critically evaluates two influential approaches to cultural change that explain creativity and diffusion as an evolutionary process by drawing an analogy between the Darwinian approach to creativity and the theory of memes, or memetics. The Darwinian approach to creativity maintains that a process of blind variation and selection creates novelty in culture. Memetics goes further by claiming that we can ignore or even eliminate the human mind as the main causal force in the explanation of creativity and culture. In a penetrating analysis Kronfeldner shows analogical reasoning from evolutionary biology to cultural change lacks the necessary descriptive adequacy, explanatory force and heuristic value to be successful. Indeed she shows that both the Darwinian approach to creativity and memetics are mere reformulations, in Darwinian language, of what has been known already and offer no new explanatory tools. The book provides an acute philosophical examination of Darwinian creativity and memetics from within the respective evolutionary approaches including debates from genetics, evolutionary biology, psychology, anthropology, science studies and philosophy.
The God of Philosophy
Authors: Jackson Roy
Published: February 2013

For centuries philosophers have argued about the existence and nature of God. Do we need God to explain the origins of the universe? Can there be morality without a divine source of goodness? How can God exist when there is so much evil and suffering in the world? All these questions and many more are brought to life with clarity and style in The God of Philosophy. The arguments for and against God's existence are weighed up, along with discussion of the meaning of religious language, the concept of God and the possibility of life after death. This new edition brings the debate right up to date by exploring the philosophical arguments of the new atheists such as Richard Dawkins, as well as considering what the latest discoveries in science can tell us about why many believe in the existence of the divine.
Badiou's Deleuze
Authors: Roffe Jon
Published: February 2013

Badiou's Deleuze presents the first thorough analysis of one of the most significant encounters in contemporary thought: Alain Badiou's summary interpretation and rejection of the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. Badious reading of Deleuze is largely laid out in his provocative book, Deleuze: The Clamor of Being, a highly influential work of considerable power. Badious Deleuze presents a detailed examination of Badious reading and argues that, whilst it fails to do justice to the Deleuzean project, it invites us to reconsider what Deleuze's philosophy amounts to and to reassess Deleuzes power to address the ultimate concerns of philosophy. This book analyses the differing metaphysics of two of the most influential recent continental philosophers, whose divergent views have helped shape much contemporary thought.
Imaging natural killer T cells in action
Authors: Wong Connie H Y , Kubes Paul
Published: February 2013

Natural killer T (NKT) cells were first recognized more than two decades ago as a distinct lymphocyte lineage that regulates a broad range of immune responses. The activation of NKT cells paradoxically can lead to either suppression or stimulation of immune responses, but despite this uncertainty, many investigators are hopeful that immune therapies can be developed based on NKT cell modulation. To date, the biology of NKT cells is not well characterized and details of their development have only just started to emerge. It remains unclear how NKT cells migrate from the thymus to the peripheral organs and tissues, and in turn play such diverse roles from one type of immune response to another. Despite this, recent advances in intravital microscopy represent a powerful tool for revealing new insights into NKT cellular dynamics, their patrolling and immunoregulatory functions, which could not have been gained by non‐microscopy means. Indeed, imaging has revolutionized the way we visualize with exceptional resolution the cells of the immune system. Instead of seeking a comprehensive review of NKT cell biology, this review attempts to highlight some of the recent studies that use in vivo imaging technologies to address NKT cell responses in a variety of animal models.
Ligand discrimination of myoglobin in solution: an iron L-edge X-ray absorption study of the active centre
Authors: Lange Kathrin M. , Golnak Ronny , Bonhommeau Sébastien , Aziz Emad F.
Published: February 2013

Iron L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of the active centre of myoglobin in the met-form, in the reduced form and upon ligation to O2, CO, NO and CN are presented.
Interleukin-10 controls the protective effects of circulating microparticles from patients with septic shock on tissue-engineered vascular media
Authors: Mostefai Hadj Ahmed , Bourget Jean-Michel , Meziani Ferhat , Martinez Maria Carmen , Leonetti Daniela , Mercat Alain , Asfar Pierre , Germain Lucie , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson
Published: February 2013

During sepsis, inflammation can be orchestrated by the interaction between circulating and vascular cells that, under activation, release MPs (microparticles). Previously, we reported that increased circulating MPs in patients with sepsis play a pivotal role in ex vivo vascular function suggesting that they are protective against vascular hyporeactivity. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of MPs from patients with sepsis on the contractile response of TEVM (tissue-engineered vascular media). TEVM that were composed only of a media layer were produced by tissue engineering from human arterial SMCs (smooth muscle cells) isolated from umbilical cords. TEVM was incubated with MPs isolated from whole blood of 16 patients with sepsis. TEVM were incubated for 24 h with MPs and used for the study of vascular contraction, direct measurements of NO and O2− (superoxide anion) production by EPR and quantification of mRNA cytokine expression. MPs from patients with sepsis increased contraction induced by histamine in TEVM. This effect was not associated with inflammation, neither linked to the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway nor to the increase in iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression. In contrast, mRNA expression of IL (interleukin)-10 was enhanced. Then, we investigated the effect of IL-10 on vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Although IL-10 treatment did not modify the contractile response in TEVM by itself, this interleukin restored contraction in LPS-treated TEVM. In addition, IL-10 treatment both prevented vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS injection in mice and improved survival of LPS-injected mice. These findings show an association between the capacity of MPs from patients with sepsis to restore vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS and their ability to increase IL-10 in the tissue-engineered blood vessel model.
Bulk modulus and structural changes of carbon nitride C2N2(CH2) under pressure: The strength of C–N single bond
Authors: Sougawa Masaya , Takarabe Kenichi , Mori Yoshihisa , Okada Taku , Yagi Takehiko , Kariyazaki Hiroaki , Sueoka Koji
Published: February 2013

The experimental bulk modulus, B0, of C2N2(CH2) is determined to be 258 ± 3.4 GPa from the analysis of high-pressure (up to 30 GPa) X-ray diffraction patterns obtained using synchrotron radiation. This bulk modulus is 40% lower than that of diamond. At the level of a combined analysis of lattice constants determined experimentally and atomic positions obtained theoretically for the compression behavior of C2N2(CH2), the strength of the C–N single bond is determined to be the same as the C–C single bond in diamond. In other words, the tetrahedral frame of C2N2(CH2) which consists of CN3Cb, where Cb is a bridging carbon, is as hard as diamond. To account for the differing bulk moduli, we infer that the lower bulk modulus in C2N2(CH2) is due to the rotational freedom in the crystal at high pressures.
NMR chemical shift as analytical derivative of the Helmholtz free energy
Authors: Van den Heuvel Willem , Soncini Alessandro
Published: February 2013

We present a theory for the temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic shielding tensor of molecules with arbitrary electronic structure. The theory is a generalization of Ramsey's theory for closed-shell molecules. The shielding tensor is defined as a second derivative of the Helmholtz free energy of the electron system in equilibrium with the applied magnetic field and the nuclear magnetic moments. This derivative is analytically evaluated and expressed as a sum over states formula. Special consideration is given to a system with an isolated degenerate ground state for which the size of the degeneracy and the composition of the wave functions are arbitrary. In this case, the paramagnetic part of the shielding tensor is expressed in terms of the g and A tensors of the electron paramagnetic resonance spin Hamiltonian of the degenerate state. As an illustration of the proposed theory, we provide an explicit formula for the paramagnetic shift of the central lanthanide ion in endofullerenes Ln@C60, with Ln = Ce3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Dy3+, Er3+, and Yb3+, where the ground state can be a strongly spin-orbit coupled icosahedral sextet for which the paramagnetic shift cannot be described by previous theories.
Characterization of compact and self-adjoint operators on free Banach spaces of countable type over the complex Levi-Civita field
Authors: Aguayo José , Nova Miguel , Shamseddine Khodr
Published: February 2013

Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document}C be the complex Levi-Civita field and let E be a free Banach space over \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document}C of countable type. Then E is isometrically isomorphic to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$c_{0}\left( \mathbb {N},\mathcal {C},s\right)\break :=\left\lbrace (x_{n})_{n\in \mathbb {N}}:x_{n}\in \mathcal {C};\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }|x_{n} |s(n)=0\right\rbrace$\end{document}c0N,C,s:=(xn)n∈N:xn∈C;limn→∞|xn|s(n)=0, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$s:\mathbb {N}\rightarrow \left( 0,\infty \right) .$\end{document}s:N→0,∞. If the range of s is contained in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\left|\mathcal {C}\setminus \left\lbrace 0\right\rbrace \right|,$\end{document}C∖0, it is enough to study \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$c_{0}\left( \mathbb {N},\mathcal {C} \right)$\end{document}c0N,C, which will be denoted by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$c_{0}(\mathcal {C})$\end{document}c0(C) or, simply, c0. In this paper, we define a natural inner product on c0, which induces the sup-norm of c0. Of course, c0 is not orthomodular, so we characterize those closed subspaces of c0 with an orthonormal complement with respect to this inner product; that is, those closed subspaces M of c0 such that c0 = M ⊕ M⊥. Such a subspace, together with its orthonormal complement, defines a special kind of projection, the so-called normal projection. We present a characterization of such normal projections as well as a characterization of another kind of operators, the compact operators on c0.
Screening in weakly ionized dusty plasmas; effect of dust density perturbations
Authors: Tolias P. , Ratynskaia S.
Published: February 2013

The screening of the charge of a non-emitting dust grain immersed in a weakly ionized dusty plasma is studied on the basis of a self-consistent hydrodynamic description. The dust number density is considered large enough so that the test grain is not isolated from other grains and dust collective effects are important. Not only dust charge perturbations but also dust density perturbations are taken into account, the latter are shown to have a strong effect on both the short and long range part of the potential. The realization of collective attraction via the newly obtained potential is discussed, a mechanism that could be central to the understanding of phase-transitions and self-organization processes in dusty plasmas.
Magnetic field dependant backscattering of light in water based ferrofluid containing polymer covered Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Brojabasi Surajit , Philip John
Published: February 2013

We probe the effect of applied magnetic field on the backscattering light intensity from a magnetic nanofluid consisting of poly-acrylic acid coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles of diameter, ∼15 nm dispersed in water. We observe a continuous evolution of backscattered speckle pattern as a function of magnetic field strength. The speckle contrast is found to increase linearly with external magnetic field possibly due to the evolution from highly dynamic to static scatterers in the dispersion. The backscattered light intensity is found to diminish with external magnetic field, which is attributed to the delay of light propagation for the formation of standing waves within the scatterer due to the resonances in backscattered efficiency and forward-backward anisotropy factor. Interestingly, the backscattered light intensity completely recovers when magnetic field is switched off. We discuss the possible reasons for the angular variation of backscattered light intensity. Our results suggest that the field dependent light propagation through the magnetic nanofluid may find interesting applications in tunable light controlling devices.
Time-dependent wave packet state-to-state dynamics of H/D + HCl/DCl reactions
Authors: Song Hongwei , Lee Soo-Y , Sun Zhigang , Lu Yunpeng
Published: February 2013

The H/D + HCl/DCl (v0 = 0, j0 = 0) reactions were investigated in the gas phase using the reactant coordinate based time-dependent wave packet method on the BW2 PES [W. Bian and H.-J. Werner, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 220 (2000)]10.1063/1.480574. The total and state-to-state integral and differential cross sections of both the abstraction and the exchange channels were reported over the energy range from threshold to 2.0 eV. The theoretical total exchange integral cross sections agree well with Volpp's experimental measurements but differ from Polanyi's experimental results for H + DCl reaction. The theoretical total abstraction integral cross sections are more than twice as large as the experimental results from the two groups for the H + HCl/DCl reactions. For the four isotope combinations, the total exchange integral cross sections increase monotonically with collisional energy while the abstraction integral cross sections start to decrease at relatively high collision energies. And the abstraction products are predominantly backward and sideways scattered while the exchange products are almost backward scattered. For the two channels, the D + HCl reaction presents the highest reactivity, the H + DCl reaction presents the lowest reactivity, and the H + HCl and D + DCl reactions are in between with the H + HCl reaction having a slightly larger reactivity.
Ions interacting with planar aromatic molecules: Modeling electron transfer reactions
Authors: Forsberg B. O. , Alexander J. D. , Chen T. , Pettersson A. T. , Gatchell M. , Cederquist H. , Zettergren H.
Published: February 2013

We present theoretical absolute charge exchange cross sections for multiply charged cations interacting with the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules pyrene C14H10, coronene C24H12, or circumcoronene C54H18. These planar, nearly circular, PAHs are modelled as conducting, infinitely thin, and perfectly circular discs, which are randomly oriented with respect to straight line ion trajectories. We present the analytical solution for the potential energy surface experienced by an electron in the field of such a charged disc and a point-charge at an arbitrary position. The location and height of the corresponding potential energy barrier from this simple model are in close agreement with those from much more computationally demanding Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in a number of test cases. The model results compare favourably with available experimental data on single- and multiple electron transfer reactions and we demonstrate that it is important to include the orientation dependent polarizabilities of the molecules (model discs) in particular for the larger PAHs. PAH ionization energy sequences from DFT are tabulated and used as model inputs. Absolute cross sections for the ionization of PAH molecules, and PAH ionization energies such as the ones presented here may be useful when considering the roles of PAHs and their ions in, e.g., interstellar chemistry, stellar atmospheres, and in related photoabsorption and photoemission spectroscopies.
Cu out-diffusion in kesterites—A transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation artifact
Authors: Timo Wätjen J. , Scragg Jonathan J. , Edoff Marika , Rubino Stefano , Platzer-Björkman Charlotte
Published: February 2013

Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorber layers have received a growing amount of interest. Typically a Mo(S,Se)2 layer is formed at the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/Mo interface during processing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed the presence of Cu in the Mo(S,Se)2 which was thought to cause secondary phase formation at the back contact. However, preparing TEM samples can induce artifacts leading to false conclusions. It is therefore of great importance to identify such artifacts. In this work, we show that the Cu presence in the Mo(S,Se)2 stems solely from TEM sample preparation and does not occur as part of the synthesis process.
Submicron-diameter phase-separated scintillator fibers for high-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihiro , Yasui Nobuhiro , Yokota Yuui , Yoshikawa Akira , Den Toru
Published: February 2013

We demonstrated micrometer-scale resolution X-ray imaging by using phase-separated scintillator fibers. Hexagonally well-aligned 680-nm-diameter GdAlO3(GAP):Ce3+ scintillator fibers surrounded with α-Al2O3 were fabricated from directionally solidified eutectics. The GAP:Ce3+ fibers convert X-rays to lights and emitted lights are confined and transported along the fiber direction by a total reflection mode. High-resolution X-ray image of a gold grating phantom with a 4 μm aperture, corresponding to a bundle of 12 fibers, was achieved even with a 150 -μm-thick scintillator. These scintillator fibers overcome resolution reduction caused by light scattering and almost reach the resolution limit of the material nature itself.
Spatially and frequency-resolved monitoring of intradie capacitive coupling by heterodyne excitation infrared lock-in thermography
Authors: León J. , Perpiñà X. , Altet J. , Vellvehi M. , Jordà X.
Published: February 2013

This paper combines the infrared lock-in thermography (IR-LIT) and heterodyne excitation techniques to detect high-frequency capacitive currents due to intradie electrical coupling between microelectronic devices or more complex systems. Modulating the excitation with the heterodyne approach, we drive devices or complex systems with high frequency electrical signals in such a way that they behave as low frequency heat sources, modulating their temperature field at a frequency detectable by an IR-LIT system. This approach is analytically studied and extended to a bi-dimensional scenario, showing that the thermal information at low frequency depends on the electrical characteristics of the sample at high frequency.
Lamb wave band gaps in a double-sided phononic plate
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Tian-Ning , Yu Kun-Peng , Wang Xiao-Peng
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we report on the theoretical investigation of the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave in a phononic crystal structure constituted by a square array of cylindrical stubs deposited on both sides of a thin homogeneous plate. The dispersion relations, the power transmission spectra, and the displacement fields of the eigenmodes are studied by using the finite-element method. We investigate the evolution of band gaps in the double-sided phononic plate with stub height on both sides arranged from an asymmetrical distribution to a symmetrical distribution gradually. Numerical results show that as the double stubs in a unit cell arranged more symmetrically on both sides, band width shifts, new band gaps appear, and the bands become flat due to localized resonant modes which couple with plate modes. Specially, more band gaps and flat bands can be found in the symmetrical system as a result of local resonances of the stubs which interact in a stronger way with the plate modes. Moreover, the symmetrical double-sided plate exhibits lower and smaller band gap than that of the asymmetrical plate. These propagation properties of elastic or acoustic waves in the double-sided plate can potentially be utilized to generate filters, slow the group velocity, low-frequency sound insulation, and design acoustic sensors.
Non-equilibrium critical point in Be-doped low-temperature-grown GaAs
Authors: Ambri Mohamed Mohd , Tien Lam Pham , Otsuka N.
Published: February 2013

We studied the transition process of antisite arsenic defects in Be-doped low-temperature-grown GaAs layers by measuring the magnetization. This material exhibits bistability at non-equilibrium; at a fixed temperature in a fixed magnetic field a sample relaxes towards two different states, depending on the preceding cooling process. We observed anomalously large magnetization fluctuations in macroscopic samples during the transition from bistability to monostability with gradual change of the temperature. Slowing down of the relaxation of the magnetization is observed as a sample approaches the transition into monostability. Large fluctuations observed from a two-piece sample exhibit intermittent bursts by high-pass filtering and follow a generalized Gumbel probability density distribution. These observations suggest a possibility of the occurrence of a non-equilibrium critical point in this material. Microscopic processes underlying the observed phenomena are discussed with results of first-principles calculations of strain fields.
Quantum oscillations of nonlinear response in electron systems with variable density
Authors: Dietrich Scott , Byrnes Sean , Vitkalov Sergey , Goran A. V. , Bykov and A. A.
Published: February 2013

Quantum oscillations of dissipative resistance are observed in response to electric current applied to a GaAs quantum well with variable two dimensional electron density placed in quantizing magnetic fields. At a fixed magnetic field, the period of the current induced oscillations depends linearly on the electron density. The observed behavior is in accord with a recently proposed model that considers the DC bias-induced spatial re-population of Landau levels as the origin of the resistance oscillations. It indicates the important role of the electron screening in the vicinity of the quantum well, which significantly enhances the nonlinear response.
Determination of the complex dielectric constant of an epithelial cell monolayer in the terahertz region
Authors: Shiraga K. , Ogawa Y. , Suzuki T. , Kondo N. , Irisawa A. , Imamura M.
Published: February 2013

We present a method to determine the complex dielectric constant of a cell monolayer using terahertz time-domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy combined with a two-interface model. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant of the cell monolayer shows a lower absorption of slow relaxation mode than that of the liquid medium. This result allows us to estimate the intracellular water dynamics on a picosecond time scale, and the existence of weakly hydrated water molecules inside the cell monolayer was indicated. This method will provide a perspective to investigate the intracellular water dynamics in detail.
Introducing a well-ordered volume porosity in 3-dimensional gold microcantilevers
Authors: Ayela Cédric , Lalo Hélène , Kuhn Alexander
Published: February 2013

The purpose of the present work is the introduction of a combined bottom-up and top-down approach to generate 3-dimensional gold microcantilevers, where the porosity in the volume of the free-standing microstructure is well-controlled. By combining the elaboration of a colloidal crystal, followed by electrodeposition, with a sacrificial layer process, free-standing macroporous gold cantilevers are fabricated collectively. In order to validate the proposed concept, a simple application to humidity sensing is evaluated using the devices as mass sensors. A large sensitivity of −529 ppm/%RH and low discrepancy are obtained experimentally, confirming the promising application potential of this original architecture.
Renormalization effects and phonon density of states in high temperature superconductors
Authors: Ashokan Vinod , Indu B. D.
Published: February 2013

Using the versatile double time thermodynamic Green's function approach based on many body theory the renormalized frequencies, phonon energy line widths, shifts and phonon density of states (PDOS) are investigated via a newly formulated Hamiltonian (does not include BCS type Hamiltonian) that includes the effects of electron-phonon, anharmonicities and that of isotopic impurities. The automatic appearance of pairons, temperature, impurity and electron-phonon coupling of renormalized frequencies, widths, shifts and PDOS emerges as a characteristic feature of present theory. The numerical investigations on PDOS for the YBa2Cu3O7 − δ crystal predicts several new feature of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and agreements with experimental observations.
Solitons and dynamic properties of the coupled semidiscrete Hirota equation
Authors: Zhao Hai-Qiong , Zhu Zuo-Nong
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we obtain the coupled bright-bright and the coupled dark-dark soliton solutions for an integrable coupled semidiscrete Hirota equation (ICDHE) using the bilinear method. These solutions have both singular and nonsingular behaviors depending upon the choice of the parameters. The distinguishing feature of the ICDHE is that the singular solution can possess some nonsingular characteristics in the discrete space at some time. The asymptotic behavior of these coupled bright-bright and the coupled dark-dark solitons is studied in order to explain their collision properties.
Plasmonic nanowires arranged in Fibonacci number chain: Excitation angle-dependent optical properties
Authors: Raghuwanshi Mohit , Kumar G. V. Pavan
Published: February 2013

Herein we numerically study the excitation angle-dependant far-field and near-field optical properties of vertical plasmonic nanowires arranged in an unconventional linear geometry: Fibonacci number chain. The first five numbers in the Fibonacci series (1, 1, 2, 3, 5) were mapped to the size of gold nanowires, and arranged in a linear chain to study their optical interactions, and compared them to conventional chain of vertical gold nanowires. By harnessing the radiative and evanescent coupling regimes in the geometry, we found a systematic variation in the far-field extinction and near-field confinement in the geometries. Our simulation studies revealed enhanced backscattered intensity in the far-field radiation pattern at excitation angles along the chain-length of Fibonacci geometry, which was otherwise absent for conventional chain of plasmonic nanowires. Such angular reconfiguration of optical fields in unconventional linear geometries can be harnessed for tunable on-chip plasmonics.
Strain induced changes in magnetization of amorphous Co95Zr5 based multiferroic heterostructures
Authors: Moubah Reda , Magnus Fridrik , Zamani Atieh , Kapaklis Vassilios , Nordblad Per , Hjörvarsson Björgvin
Published: February 2013

A clear change in the magnetic anisotropy in a layer of amorphous Co95Zr5 is obtained at the orthorhombic phase transition of the BaTiO3 substrate. The use of an amorphous buffer layer between the ferroelectric substrate and amorphous magnetic film shows that bulk strain governs the change in the magnetic anisotropy of our ferromagnetic-ferroelectric heterostructure. Moreover, we show that the thermal magnetization curves exhibit anisotropic behavior.
Population metrics and movement of two sympatric carcharhinids: a comparison of the vulnerability of pelagic sharks of the southern Australian gulfs and shelves
Authors: Rogers P. J. , Huveneers C. , Goldsworthy S. D. , Cheung W. W. L. , Jones G. K. , Mitchell J. G. , Seuront L.
Published: February 2013

The dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus and the bronze whaler Carcharhinus brachyurus are large-bodied, marine predators that inhabit coastal and shelf waters of southern Australia. C. obscurus is considered to be among the most vulnerable pelagic sharks to overexploitation. This study focussed on population metrics and movement patterns of these sympatric species. Litters from two pregnant C. brachyurus were examined; these comprised 20 and 24 embryos, respectively. Tagging data indicated that 75% of whaler sharks tagged in this region by recreational fishers were juveniles, and 58% of recaptures occurred within 50 km of the tagging locations. Fishery catch samples comprised 99% juvenile C. brachyurus and C. obscurus. Our findings suggested that semi-protected gulf waters represented ecologically significant habitats of juveniles. A fuzzy-logic model showed that in terms of relative vulnerability to fishing, C. brachyurus ranked in the mid to lower end of the spectrum, when compared with six sympatric pelagic shark species, including the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Our findings emphasised a need for improvement to management measures for these carcharhinids, which are likely to play a significant role in the functioning of the temperate gulf and shelf ecosystems.
Evidence suggesting that desire-state attribution may govern food sharing in Eurasian jays
Authors: Ostojić Ljerka , Shaw Rachael C. , Cheke Lucy G. , Clayton Nicola S.
Published: February 2013

State-attribution is the ability to ascribe to others an internal life like one’s own and to understand that internal, psychological states such as desire, hope, belief, and knowledge underlie others’ actions. Despite extensive research, comparative studies struggle to adequately integrate key factors of state-attribution that have been identified by evolutionary and developmental psychology as well as research on empathy. Here, we develop a behavioral paradigm to address these issues and investigate whether male Eurasian jays respond to the changing desire-state of their female partners when sharing food. We demonstrate that males feed their mates flexibly according to the female’s current food preference. Critically, we show that the males need to see what the female has previously eaten to know what food she will currently want. Consequently, the males’ sharing pattern was not simply a response to their mate’s behavior indicating her preference as to what he should share, nor was it a response to the males’ own desire-state. Our results raise the possibility that these birds may be capable of ascribing desire to their mates.
Small-molecule inhibitors targeting G-protein–coupled Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors
Authors: Shang Xun , Marchioni Fillipo , Evelyn Chris R. , Sipes Nisha , Zhou Xuan , Seibel William , Wortman Matthew , Zheng Yi
Published: February 2013

The G-protein–mediated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)–Rho GTPase signaling axis has been implicated in human pathophysiology and is a potential therapeutic target. By virtual screening of chemicals that fit into a surface groove of the DH-PH domain of LARG, a G-protein–regulated Rho GEF involved in RhoA activation, and subsequent validations in biochemical assays, we have identified a class of chemical inhibitors represented by Y16 that are active in specifically inhibiting LARG binding to RhoA. Y16 binds to the junction site of the DH-PH domains of LARG with a ∼80 nM
K
d
and suppresses LARG catalyzed RhoA activation dose dependently. It is active in blocking the interaction of LARG and related G-protein–coupled Rho GEFs with RhoA without a detectable effect on other DBL family Rho GEFs, Rho effectors, or a RhoGAP. In cells, Y16 selectively inhibits serum-induced RhoA activity and RhoA-mediated signaling, effects that can be rescued by a constitutively active RhoA or ROCK mutant. By suppressing RhoA activity, Y16 inhibits mammary sphere formation of MCF7 breast cancer cells but does not affect the nontransforming MCF10A cells. Significantly, Y16 works synergistically with Rhosin/G04, a Rho GTPase activation site inhibitor, in inhibiting LARG–RhoA interaction, RhoA activation, and RhoA-mediated signaling functions. Thus, our studies show that Rho GEFs can serve as selective targets of small chemicals and present a strategy of dual inhibition of the enzyme–substrate pair of GEF–RhoA at their binding interface that leads to enhanced efficacy and specificity.
Recurrent reciprocal RNA chimera involving
YPEL5
and
PPP1CB
in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Velusamy Thirunavukkarasu , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Kalyana-Sundaram Shanker , Sahasrabuddhe Anagh Anant , Maher Christopher A. , Robinson Daniel R. , Bahler David W. , Cornell Timothy T. , Wilson Thomas E. , Lim Megan S. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. J.
Published: February 2013

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults in the Western hemisphere. Tumor-specific chromosomal translocations, characteristic findings in several human malignancies that directly lead to malignant transformation, have not been identified in CLL. Using paired-end transcriptome sequencing, we identified recurrent and reciprocal RNA chimeras involving yippee like 5 (
YPEL5
) and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta-catalytic subunit (
PPP1CB
) in CLL. Two of seven index cases (28%) harbored the reciprocal RNA chimeras in our initial screening. Using quantitative real-time PCR (q real-time PCR),
YPEL5/PPP1CB
and
PPP1CB/YPEL5
fusion transcripts were detected in 97 of 103 CLL samples (95%) but not in paired normal samples, benign lymphocytes, or various unrelated cancers. Whole-genome sequencing and Southern blotting demonstrated no evidence for a genomic fusion between
YPEL5
and
PPP1CB
.
YPEL5/PPP1CB
chimera, when introduced into mammalian cells, expressed a truncated PPP1CB protein that demonstrated diminished phosphatase activity. PPP1CB silencing resulted in enhanced proliferation and colony formation of MEC1 and JVM3 cells, implying a role in the pathogenesis of mature B-cell leukemia. These studies uncover a potential role for recurrent RNA chimeras involving phosphatases in the pathogenesis of a common form of leukemia.
Selective capacity of metreleptin administration to reconstitute CD4
+
T-cell number in females with acquired hypoleptinemia
Authors: Matarese Giuseppe , La Rocca Claudia , Moon Hyun-Seuk , Huh Joo Young , Brinkoetter Mary T. , Chou Sharon , Perna Francesco , Greco Dario , Kilim Holly P. , Gao Chuanyun , Arampatzi Kalliope , Wang Zhaoxi , Mantzoros Christos S.
Published: February 2013

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that controls food intake and reproductive and immune functions in rodents. In uncontrolled human studies, low leptin levels are associated with impaired immune responses and reduced T-cell counts; however, the effects of leptin replacement on the adaptive immune system have not yet been reported in the context of randomized, controlled studies and/or in conditions of chronic acquired leptin deficiency. To address these questions, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant methionyl-human leptin (metreleptin) administration in replacement doses in women experiencing the female triad (hypothalamic amenorrhea) with acquired chronic hypoleptinemia induced by negative energy balance. Metreleptin restored both CD4
+
T-cell counts and their in vitro proliferative responses in these women. These changes were accompanied by a transcriptional signature in which genes relevant to cell survival and hormonal response were up-regulated, and apoptosis genes were down-regulated in circulating immune cells. We also observed that signaling pathways involved in cell growth/survival/proliferation, such as the STAT3, AMPK, mTOR, ERK1/2, and Akt pathways, were activated directly by acute in vivo metreleptin administration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4
+
T-cells both from subjects with chronic hypoleptinemia and from normoleptinemic, lean female subjects. Our data show that metreleptin administration, in doses that normalize circulating leptin levels, induces transcriptional changes, activates intracellular signaling pathways, and restores CD4
+
T-cell counts. Thus, metreleptin may prove to be a safe and effective therapy for selective CD4
+
T-cell immune reconstitution in hypoleptinemic states such as tuberculosis and HIV infection in which CD4
+
T cells are reduced.
Latent TGF-β binding protein 4 promotes elastic fiber assembly by interacting with fibulin-5
Authors: Noda Kazuo , Dabovic Branka , Takagi Kyoko , Inoue Tadashi , Horiguchi Masahito , Hirai Maretoshi , Fujikawa Yusuke , Akama Tomoya O. , Kusumoto Kenji , Zilberberg Lior , Sakai Lynn Y. , Koli Katri , Naitoh Motoko , von Melchner Harald , Suzuki Shigehiko , Rifkin Daniel B. , Nakamura Tomoyuki
Published: February 2013

Elastic fiber assembly requires deposition of elastin monomers onto microfibrils, the mechanism of which is incompletely understood. Here we show that latent TGF-β binding protein 4 (LTBP-4) potentiates formation of elastic fibers through interacting with fibulin-5, a tropoelastin-binding protein necessary for elastogenesis. Decreased expression of LTBP-4 in human dermal fibroblast cells by siRNA treatment abolished the linear deposition of fibulin-5 and tropoelastin on microfibrils. It is notable that the addition of recombinant LTBP-4 to cell culture medium promoted elastin deposition on microfibrils without changing the expression of elastic fiber components. This elastogenic property of LTBP-4 is independent of bound TGF-β because TGF-β–free recombinant LTBP-4 was as potent an elastogenic inducer as TGF-β–bound recombinant LTBP-4. Without LTBP-4, fibulin-5 and tropoelastin deposition was discontinuous and punctate in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest a unique function for LTBP-4 during elastic fibrogenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target for elastic fiber regeneration.
Structural basis for endosomal trafficking of diverse transmembrane cargos by PX-FERM proteins
Authors: Ghai Rajesh , Bugarcic Andrea , Liu Huadong , Norwood Suzanne J. , Skeldal Sune , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Li Shawn Shun-Cheng , Teasdale Rohan D. , Collins Brett M.
Published: February 2013

Transit of proteins through the endosomal organelle following endocytosis is critical for regulating the homeostasis of cell-surface proteins and controlling signal transduction pathways. However, the mechanisms that control these membrane-transport processes are poorly understood. The Phox-homology (PX) domain-containing proteins sorting nexin (SNX) 17, SNX27, and SNX31 have emerged recently as key regulators of endosomal recycling and bind conserved Asn-Pro-Xaa-Tyr–sorting signals in transmembrane cargos via an atypical band, 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain. Here we present the crystal structure of the SNX17 FERM domain bound to the sorting motif of the P-selectin adhesion protein, revealing both the architecture of the atypical FERM domain and the molecular basis for recognition of these essential sorting sequences. We further show that the PX-FERM proteins share a promiscuous ability to bind a wide array of putative cargo molecules, including receptor tyrosine kinases, and propose a model for their coordinated molecular interactions with membrane, cargo, and regulatory proteins.