bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for cell-induced gel contraction incorporating osmotic effects
Authors: Reoch J. R. , Stokes Y. M. , Green J. E. F.
Published: March 2022

Biological tissues are composed of cells surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM can be thought of as a fibrous polymer network, acting as a natural scaffolding to provide mechanical support to the cells. Reciprocal mechanical and chemical interactions between the cells and the ECM are crucial in regulating the development of tissues and maintaining their functionality. Hence, to maintain in vivo-like behaviour when cells are cultured in vitro, they are often seeded in a gel, which aims to mimic the ECM. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that incorporates cell-gel interactions together with osmotic pressure to study the mechanical behaviour of biological gels. In particular, we consider an experiment where cells are seeded within a gel, which gradually compacts due to forces exerted on it by the cells. Adopting a one-dimensional Cartesian geometry for simplicity, we use a combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations to investigate how cell traction forces interact with osmotic effects (which can lead to either gel swelling or contraction depending on the gel’s composition). Our results show that a number of qualitatively different behaviours are possible, depending on the composition of the gel (i.e. its chemical potentials) and the strength of the cell traction forces. A novel prediction of our model is that there are cases where the gel oscillates between swelling and contraction; to our knowledge, this behaviour has not been reported in experiments. We also consider how physical parameters like drag and viscosity affect the manner in which the gel evolves.
Does a tailored magnetic resonance imaging technique affect the surgical planning and outcomes for different cystic urethral and periurethral swellings in females? Seven years tertiary center experience
Authors: Mahfouz Wally , Hassan Hebatallah Hassan Mamdouh , Gubbiotti Marilena , Elbadry Mohamed , Moussa Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative delineation and surgical planning for the management of female urethral and periurethral cystic vaginal swellings, with emphasis on postoperative surgical outcomes.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective analysis of females complaining of periurethral and urethral cystic swellings referred to our tertiary center, who underwent MRI for preoperative planning in the period from January 2014 till January 2021, with a total number of 57 patients. Data retrieved from the medical records included: patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms and signs, preoperative radiological investigations, duration of symptoms, previous surgical intervention, detailed intraoperative data, postoperative complications, and postoperative follow-up.

Results

Urethral diverticulum was the commonest cystic lesion representing (64.9%) followed by Skene gland cysts in 14%, Mullerian cysts in 7%, Gartner cysts in 3.5%, and dermoid inclusion cysts in 10.5%. MRI precisely diagnosed the various pathological entities and anatomical complex lesions prior to surgery. This was confirmed after surgery and pathology analysis. All patients were followed up with a mean duration of 35 months, without any evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion

MRI as a standalone imaging technique is mandatory for diagnosis of all urethral and periurethral cystic lesions, as it offers the most accurate diagnostic modality for delineation of these lesions and hence aids in the preoperative surgical planning, aiming to avoid recurrence and improving surgical outcomes.
Risk of hematoma after hemithyroidectomy in an outpatient setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jeppesen Karin , Moos Caroline , Holm Tórhild , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Skjøt-Arkil Helene
Published: March 2022

Purpose

After thyroid surgery, the overriding concern is the risk of post-thyroid bleeding (PTB). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety of hemithyroidectomy in an outpatient setting compared to an inpatient setting. The objectives were to (1) find the proportion of PTB in patients scheduled for outpatient hemithyroidectomy, (2) examine if outpatient hemithyroidectomy is clinically safe compared to an inpatient setting and (3) evaluate which selection criteria are most relevant for hemithyroidectomy in an outpatient setting.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Library from inception until September 2021. We included studies reporting on PTB of patients after hemithyroidectomy in an outpatient setting. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. The results were synthesised using Bayesian meta-analysis. Certainty in evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results

This review included 11 cohort studies and 9 descriptive studies reporting solely on outpatients resulting in a total of 46,866 patients. PTB was experienced by 58 of the 9025 outpatients (0.6%) and 415 of the 37,841 inpatients (1.1%). There was no difference between the PTB rate of outpatients and inpatients (RR 0.715 CrI [0.396–1.243]). The certainty of the evidence was very low due to the high risk of bias.

Conclusion

The risk of PTB in an outpatient setting is very low, and outpatient hemithyroidectomy should be considered clinically safe. The most relevant selection criteria to consider in outpatient hemithyroidectomy are (1) relevant comorbidities and (2) psycho/-social factors.
Children who idiopathically toe-walk have greater plantarflexor effective mechanical advantage compared to typically developing children
Authors: Harkness-Armstrong Carla , Maganaris Constantinos , Walton Roger , Wright David M. , Bass Alfie , Baltzoloulos Vasilios , O’Brien Thomas D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of the plantarflexor muscles is important for gait function and is likely different from typical in equinus gait. However, this has never been quantified for children who idiopathically toe-walk (ITW), despite being routinely altered through clinical intervention.

Methods

This study quantified the Achilles tendon and ground reaction force (GRF) moment arms, and the plantarflexor EMA of 5 children who ITW and 14 typically developing (TD) children, whilst walking on an instrumented treadmill.

Results

There was no difference in the Achilles tendon moment arm length throughout stance between groups (p > 0.05). Children who ITW had a significantly greater GRF moment arm length in early stance (20–24% p = 0.001), but a significantly shorter GRF moment arm length during propulsion (68–74% of stance; p = 0.013) than TD children. Therefore, children who ITW had a greater plantarflexor EMA than TD children when active plantarflexion moments were being generated (60–70% of stance; p = 0.007). Consequently, it was estimated that children who ITW required 30% less plantarflexor muscle force for propulsion.

Conclusion

Clinical decision making should fully consider that interventions which aim to restore a typical heel-toe gait pattern risk compromising this advantageous leverage and thus, may increase the strength requirements for gait.
A global perspective on assessing groundwater quality
Authors: Misstear Bruce , Vargas Claudia Ruz , Lapworth Dan , Ouedraogo Issoufou , Podgorski Joel
Published: March 2022

An assessment of global groundwater quality is needed in response to the threats posed by anthropogenic and geogenic contaminants. This essay summarises the challenges involved, including a large number of potentially relevant water quality parameters, the poor availability of data in many regions and the complex nature of groundwater systems. Direct monitoring data can sometimes be augmented by indirect methods such as earth observations, and by involving citizen science. A new web portal is being developed to complement existing databases.
The stochastic simulation of karst conduit network structure using anisotropic fast marching, and its application to a geologically complex alpine karst system
Authors: Fandel Chloé , Miville François , Ferré Ty , Goldscheider Nico , Renard Philippe
Published: March 2022

Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and the orientation of karstifiable geologic units. Existing models to generate conduit network maps are limited either by high computational requirements (for chemistry-based models) or by their inability to incorporate the effects of elevation and orientation gradients (for isotropic fast-marching models). The new anisotropic fast-marching approach described here provides a significant improvement, though it imitates rather than reproduces actual speleogenetic processes. It can rapidly generate a stochastic ensemble of plausible networks from basic geologic information, which can also be used as input to karst-appropriate flow models. This paper introduces an open-source, easy-to-use implementation through the Python package pyKasso, then describes its application to a well-mapped geologically complex long-term study site: the Gottesacker alpine karst system (Germany/Austria). Groundwater flow in this system is exceptionally well understood from speleological investigations and tracer tests. Conduit formation primarily occurs at the base of the karst aquifer, following plunging synclines. Although previous attempts to reproduce the conduit network at this site yielded implausible network maps, pyKasso quickly generated networks faithful to the known conduit system. However, the model was only able to generate these realistic networks when the inlet-outlet connections of the system were correctly assigned, highlighting the importance of pairing modeling efforts with field tracer tests. Therefore, a model ensemble method is also presented, to optimize field efforts by identifying the most informative tracer tests to perform.
The Evaluation of Biomarkers of Physical Activity on Stress Resistance and Wellness
Authors: Muradyan Arpine , Macheiner Tanja , Mardiyan Marine , Sekoyan Eduard , Sargsyan Karine
Published: March 2022

Physical activity can improve health as well as reduce stress and the risk of developing several widespread diseases. However, there exists no accepted standard biomedical examination-method for stress evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular physical activity on stress and wellness as well as the evaluation of potential biomarkers in this field. This study included 105 people (mean age = 36.57 ± 1.4 years) who were randomly assigned into the exercise group 1 (EG-1) (n = 41), the exercise group 2 (EG-2) (n = 30), and the control group (CG) (n = 34). Measurements of stress and wellness were obtained by Multiscan BC-OXI before and after experimental period. This device presents a multifrequency segmental body composition 3D analyser with digital pulse oximeter. The key indicators of stress as well as for wellness were significantly improved in the EG-1. Parasympathetic activity showed significant changes as potential stress biomarker. Statistically significant gender differences were not observed in the comparable groups. The results suggest that the stress resistance and well-being significantly improved in the EG-1 due to regular physical activity. However, further research is necessary to determine effects of physical activity on integral health indicators.
Credit and income mobility in Russia
Authors: Aristei David , Perugini Cristiano
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the microeconomic drivers of short-term income mobility in Russia over the period 1994–2018, focusing on the role of access to credit in triggering household income growth. Controlling for a large set of household-level characteristics and accounting for endogeneity, we provide robust evidence on the positive and significant impact of credit on income growth. We also find that the pro-mobility effect of access to credit is heterogeneous both over time and across household characteristics. Our empirical evidence corroborates the idea that the beneficial impact of credit on income mobility mainly occurs through channels related to the labour market, particularly an increase in labour supply at the intensive margin in the short run and at both the extensive and intensive margins in the longer run.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce dose-dependent toxicosis in broiler chickens reared in summer season
Authors: Dosoky Waleed M. , Al-Banna Aya A. , Zahran Soliman M. , Farag Soha A. , Abdelsalam Nader R. , Khafaga Asmaa F.
Published: March 2022

This research evaluates the effect of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles’ (ZnO NPs) supplementation on growth performance, immunity, oxidative antioxidative properties, and histopathological picture of broiler chicken reared in the summer season. A total of 224 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly allocated to seven groups of dietary treatments (n = 32). Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. ZnO NPs were added to the basal diet at seven different levels, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm/kg diet, respectively, for 35 days. Results indicated that live body weight (g) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between treatment groups, whereas compared to control, the 5 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet recorded the highest live body weight at 21 and 35 days. No significant effects for the feed consumption (g/bird/period) and feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) among treated and control birds were observed. Hematological and immunological variables showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) dose-dependent modulations by ZnO NP supplementation. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and IgM and IgG between the treatment groups, with the 5 and 10 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet recording the best values, followed by the 20 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet. Different supplementations had nonsignificant effects on the digestibility of nutrients (P ≤ 0.05). Histopathological pictures of the kidney, liver, and lymphoid organs, ultrastructural examination of muscle tissues, and expression of inflammatory cytokines showed dose-dependent morphological and structural changes. In conclusion, the ZnO NP supplementation in broiler diet to eliminate the heat stress hazards in summer season is recommended in dose level of not more than 10 ppm/kg diet.
Local Housing Choice Voucher Distribution Policies Impact Healthcare Utilization: a Randomized Natural Experiment
Authors: Cohen-Cline Hannah , Jones Kyle , Vartanian Keri B.
Published: March 2022

While associations between
obtaining affordable housing and improved health care are well documented, insufficient funding often forces housing authorities to prioritize limited housing vouchers to specific populations. We assessed the impact of obtaining housing on health care utilization at two urban housing authorities with different distribution policies: Housing Authority A prioritized seniors and people with disabilities, while Housing Authority B prioritized medically complex individuals and families with school-aged children. Both housing authorities used random selection to distribute vouchers, allowing us to conduct a randomized natural experiment of cases and waitlisted controls. No significant demographic differences were present between those receiving vouchers and waitlisted controls. Housing Authority A vouchers were associated with increased outpatient visits (OR = 1.19; P = 0.051). Housing Authority B vouchers decreased the likelihood of emergency department visits (OR = 0.61; P = 0.042). This study provides evidence that, while obtaining housing can result in better health care outcomes overall, local prioritization policies can influence that impact.
Can the Rorschach be Administered Remotely? A Review of Options and a Pilot Study Using a Newly Developed R-PAS App
Authors: Ales Francesca , Meyer Gregory J. , Mihura Joni L. , Loia Andrea Corgiat , Pasqualini Sara , Zennaro Alessandro , Giromini Luciano
Published: March 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has required psychologists to adopt measures like physical distancing and mask wearing, though other safety procedures such as travel restrictions or prohibitions on in-person practice and research have fostered the use of tele-health tools. In this article, we review options for using the Rorschach task via videoconference and provide preliminary data from using a new electronic app for remote R-PAS administration to determine whether the remote administration in an electronic form yields different information than in-person administration with the cards in hand. As a pilot study, our focus is on the “first factor” of all Rorschach scores, i.e., complexity. Data were collected from 60 adult Italian community volunteers, and statistical analyses evaluated the extent to which the average complexity score significantly departed from R-PAS normative expectations (SS = 100), accompanied by Bayesian likelihoods for supporting the null hypothesis. Results suggest that the general level of complexity shown by the test-takers when administered the Rorschach remotely with the new R-PAS app closely resembles that previously observed using “standard” in-person procedures. Tentative analyses of other R-PAS scores suggested normative departures that could be due to the effects of the app, testing at home, or responses to the pandemic. We offer recommendations for future research and discuss practical implications.
Expert Stakeholders’ Perspectives on How Cisgender Heterosexual Boys and Young Men Navigate Sex and Intimacy in Australia: A Case for “Heterosexual Intimacies” in Policy and Practice
Authors: Waling Andrea , James Alexandra , Fairchild Jackson
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Cisgender heterosexual boys and young men in Australia may experience or perpetuate a range of harms in their romantic and sexual encounters with women due to expectations that they adhere to problematic ideals and norms concerning masculinity and heterosexuality. This paper explores expert stakeholders’ perceptions on these key issues, and their broader implications for policy and practice.

Methods

Using inductive thematic analysis techniques, this paper draws on semi-structured interviews from 23 expert stakeholders working across sectors of gendered violence prevention, sexual health, relationships and sexuality education, sport, and emotional and physical wellbeing.

Results

Findings note several key concerns, including (1) hesitation and lack of adequate information regarding relationships with women; (2) the potential negative influence of pornography; (3) the lack of opportunities to be engaged in sexual health promotion initiatives; and (4) limited opportunities to have meaningful conversations about dating, sex, and intimacy.

Conclusions

Expert stakeholders note several important gaps in policy and practice that need to be addressed to better support cisgender heterosexual boys and young men, and to confront gendered violence and sexual violence.

Social and Policy Implications

Understanding these gaps is vital for policymakers, content and program creators, and service providers working with cisgender heterosexual boys and men. We advocate for thinking about a strategy that is centred around “heterosexual intimacies”, in which addressing boys and young men’s sexual health and wellbeing is brought together with gendered violence prevention and sexual violence prevention initiatives.
Statistical points and pitfalls: growth modeling
Authors: Boscardin Christy K. , Sebok-Syer Stefanie S. , Pusic Martin V.
Published: March 2022

None
Random Interpolating Sequences in the Polydisc and the Unit Ball
Authors: Dayan Alberto , Wick Brett D. , Wu Shengkun
Published: March 2022

We study almost surely separating and interpolating properties of random sequences in the polydisc and the unit ball. In the unit ball, we obtain the 0–1 Komolgorov law for a sequence to be interpolating almost surely for all the Besov–Sobolev spaces $$B_{2}^{\sigma }\left( \mathbb {B}_{d}\right) $$

B

2

σ

B
d

, in the range $$0 < \sigma \le 1 / 2$$

0
<
σ
≤
1
/
2

. For those spaces, such interpolating sequences coincide with interpolating sequences for their multiplier algebras, thanks to the Pick property. This is not the case for the Hardy space $$\mathrm {H}^2(\mathbb {D}^d)$$

H

2

(

D

d

)

and its multiplier algebra $$\mathrm {H}^\infty (\mathbb {D}^d)$$

H

∞

(

D

d

)

: in the polydisc, we obtain a sufficient and a necessary condition for a sequence to be $$\mathrm {H}^\infty (\mathbb {D}^d)$$

H

∞

(

D

d

)

-interpolating almost surely. Those two conditions do not coincide, due to the fact that the deterministic starting point is less descriptive of interpolating sequences than its counterpart for the unit ball. On the other hand, we give the $$0-1$$

0
-
1

law for random interpolating sequences for $$\mathrm {H}^2(\mathbb {D}^d)$$

H

2

(

D

d

)

.
Evaluation of Genetic Kidney Diseases in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: Towards Precision Genomic Medicine in Donor Risk Assessment
Authors: Caliskan Yasar , Lee Brian , Whelan Adrian M. , Abualrub Fadee , Lentine Krista L. , Jittirat Arksarapuk
Published: March 2022

Purpose of Review

To provide a comprehensive update on the role of genetic testing for the evaluation of kidney transplant recipient and living donor candidates.

Recent Findings

The evaluation of candidates for living donor transplantation and their potential donors occurs within an ever-changing landscape impacted by new evidence and risk assessment techniques. Criteria that were once considered contraindications to living kidney donation are now viewed as standard of care, while new tools identify novel risk markers that were unrecognized in past decades. Recent work suggests that nearly 10% of a cohort of patients with chronic/end-stage kidney disease had an identifiable genetic etiology, many whose original cause of renal disease was either unknown or misdiagnosed. Some also had an incidentally found genetic variant, unrelated to their nephropathy, but medically actionable. These patterns illustrate the substantial potential for genetic testing to better guide the selection of living donors and recipients, but guidance on the proper application and interpretation of novel technologies is in its infancy. In this review, we examine the utility of genetic testing in various kidney conditions, and discuss risks and unresolved challenges. Suggested algorithms in the context of related and unrelated donation are offered.

Genetic testing is a rapidly evolving strategy for the evaluation of candidates for living donor transplantation and their potential donors that has potential to improve risk assessment and optimize the safety of donation.
Age of Diagnosis for Co-occurring Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Childhood and Adolescence: a Systematic Review
Authors: Sainsbury Willow J. , Carrasco Kelly , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , McNeil Lauren , Waddington Hannah
Published: March 2022

Early identification and intervention are recognised as important elements of the clinical pathway for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be diagnosed at a different age than children who only have one of these diagnoses. This systematic review aimed to identify the age at which children were diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD. Of the 9552 articles screened, 12 were included in the review. The findings suggest that ASD is typically diagnosed later when ADHD is present, and ADHD is typically diagnosed earlier when ASD is present. Further research is needed to understand the factors impacting a delayed ASD diagnosis and an earlier ADHD diagnosis when the two conditions co-occur.
Anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies in anorexia nervosa: a possible new mechanism in neuro-physiological derangement?
Authors: Escelsior Andrea , Cogorno Ludovica , Sukkar Samir G. , Amerio Andrea , Donini Lorenzo M. , Bellomo Marina , Iervasi Erika , Amore Mario , Saverino Daniele
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and complex mental disorder affecting mainly young adult women. AN patients are characterized by low body weight in combination with self-induced starvation, intense fear of gaining weight, and distortion of body image. AN is a multifactorial disease, linked by recent evidence to a dysregulation of the immune system.

Methods

In this pilot study, 22 blood serums from AN patients were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against primate hypothalamic periventricular neurons by immunofluorescence and by a home-made ELISA assay. Cellular fluorescence suggests the presence of autoantibodies which are able to recognize these neurons (both to body cell and fiber levels). By means of ELISA, these autoantibodies are quantitatively evaluated. In addition, orexigenic and anorexigenic molecules were measured by ELISA. As control, 18 blood serums from healthy age matched woman were analysed.

Results

All AN patients showed a reactivity against hypothalamic neurons both by immunofluorescence and ELISA. In addition, ghrelin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti-related peptide (AGRP) were significantly higher than in control serums (p < 0.0001). In contrast, leptin was significantly lower in AN patients than controls (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Immunoreaction and ELISA assays on AN blood serum suggest the presence of autoantibodies AN related. However, it is not easy to determine the action of these antibodies in vivo: they could interact with specific ligands expressed by hypothalamic cells preventing their physiological role, however, it is also possible that they could induce an aspecific stimulation in the target cells leading to an increased secretion of anorexigenic molecules. Further studies are needed to fully understand the involvement of the immune system in AN pathogenesis.

Level of evidence

V, descriptive study.
Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 in Asia-Pacific: a Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
Authors: Yang Zhengyu , Mahendran Rahini , Yu Pei , Xu Rongbin , Yu Wenhua , Godellawattage Sugeesha , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming
Published: March 2022

Purpose of Review

Health effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 vary with regions, and 75% of the deaths attributable to PM2.5 were estimated in Asia-Pacific in 2017. This systematic review aims to summarize the existing evidence from cohort studies on health effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in Asia-Pacific.

Recent Findings

In Asia-Pacific, 60 cohort studies were conducted in Australia, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea. They consistently supported associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 with increased all-cause/non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality as well as with incidence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Evidence for other health effects was limited. Inequalities were identified in PM2.5-health associations.

To optimize air pollution control and public health prevention, further studies need to assess the health effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure in understudied regions, the health effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, dementia and lung cancer, and inequalities in PM2.5-health associations. Study design, especially exposure assessment methods, should be improved.
Structural and geochemical features of coal-bearing sediments and sources of rare element impurities in coals of the Rakovka depression, Primorsky Krai, Russia
Authors: Popov Nikita , Chekryzhov Igor , Tarasenko Irina , Kasatkin Sergery , Kholodov Aleksei
Published: March 2022

There are known brown coal deposits in Primorsky Krai (Russian Federation), where coals contain rare elements (Ge, U, REE, etc.) up to industrial concentrations. One of the known metalliferous coals is the Rakovka coal-bearing depression, located on the southern edge of the Khanka (Prikhankaiskaya) Lowland, with an area of about 70 km2. Rare-metal granites with a developed weathering crust are spread in its basement and flanks. The structural conditions forming the depression were studied using measurements of orientations of structural elements (layering, contacts, veins, and dikes) with regard to kinematic conditions of faulting. The coal and host rocks were sampled in sections in the cross strike of the coal seam. Granites and dikes cutting them were sampled by separate rock chip samples. The chemical composition and element content were determined for all samples. It was found that the adjacent rocks played a major role in the formation of the Rakovka rare-metal-coal deposit. The rare-elements enrichment is not associated with active tectonics, faults, and hydrothermal sources, as was previously assumed. Rather, it was caused by the hydrogenic and clastogenic removal of these metals from the weathering crust of granites of the depression's flanks and argillated basite dikes cutting the granites. The hydrogenic nature of the anomalous accumulation of U in sorbed form on organic matter of coals is confirmed by the predominant enrichment of low-ash beds. Rare earth elements entered coal seams both in mineral and dissolved forms. A model of REE and uranium input into the coal-bearing sediments of the Rakovka depression was proposed.
Defining potential valuables through the characterisation of lake sediments: case study in Arkelstorp bay, Sweden
Authors: Djerf Henric , Ferrans Laura
Published: March 2022

This study aims to characterise and discuss the potential use of sediment from the Arkelstorp bay located in the south of Sweden. Sediments from the Arkelstorp bay is collected and analysed on nutrient content, age, and potential contaminants. No organic environmental pollutants are found and the metal content are not elevated but still problematically high. For example, the amount of cadmium per phosphorus is 480 mg Cd kg−1P. However, as the carbon 14-datings showed, the sediment is preindustrial. Therefore, the amount of registered cadmium comes naturally from the surrounding environment. Arkelstorp sediments present the potential to become a source of nutrition in agriculture. The results show that the material is a good source of nutrients, with a nitrogen content of 18 g kg−1dry matter (DM), phosphorus 0.8 g kg−1DM and potassium 2.4 g kg−1DM respectively. However, the metal content is problematic to use the material without any pre-treatment. On the other hand, bioenergy production is expected to increase in the future, where this resource could potentially be helpful for the cultivation of bioenergy crops.
C-simplicity has no local obstruction
Authors: Suzuki Yuhei
Published: March 2022

In 2016, I solved a problem of de la Harpe from 2006: Is there a nondiscrete C$^{\ast }$-simple group? However the solution was not fully satisfactory, as the C$^{\ast }$-simple groups provided (and their operator algebras) are very close to discrete groups. All previously known examples are of this form. In this article I give yet another construction of nondiscrete C$^{\ast }$-simple groups. The statement in the title then follows. This in particular gives the first examples of nonelementary C$^{\ast }$-simple groups (in Wesolek’s sense).
Unramified logarithmic Hodge–Witt cohomology and -invariance
Authors: Kai Wataru , Otabe Shusuke , Yamazaki Takao
Published: March 2022

Let X be a smooth proper variety over a field k and suppose that the degree map

${\mathrm {CH}}_0(X \otimes _k K) \to \mathbb {Z}$

is isomorphic for any field extension

$K/k$

. We show that

$G(\operatorname {Spec} k) \to G(X)$

is an isomorphism for any

$\mathbb {P}^1$

-invariant Nisnevich sheaf with transfers G. This generalises a result of Binda, Rülling and Saito that proves the same conclusion for reciprocity sheaves. We also give a direct proof of the fact that the unramified logarithmic Hodge–Witt cohomology is a

$\mathbb {P}^1$

-invariant Nisnevich sheaf with transfers.
Case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis and the cue-based theory of sentence processing
Authors: NYKIEL JOANNA , KIM JONG-BOK , SIM ROK
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis. We begin by considering available crosslinguistic data that indicate that variation in case marking on a fragment is delimited by the argument structure of the lexical head that assigns case to the fragment’s correlate in the antecedent clause. We then offer experimental evidence for a case-matching preference in Korean when a fragment and its correlate may differ in case marking. This case-matching preference corresponds to a known case of mandatory case-matching in Hungarian, but their relationship is not predicted by any of the existing syntactic accounts of case-matching effects under clausal ellipsis. We propose a novel perspective on fragments that derives case-matching effects, including optional and mandatory case matching, from the predictions of cue-based retrieval. Two further acceptability judgment studies are offered in support of our proposal.
The modernity of tradition: Women and ‘healthy progress’ in late colonial Java and Sumatra
Authors: Formichi Chiara
Published: March 2022

Writing in the Malay-language press from the late 1910s to the 1930s, literate women in colonial Java and Sumatra engaged deeply with understandings of modernity mediated through concepts of healthfulness and hygiene. Piecing together the views of writers who participated in conversations about health, child-rearing, child-feeding, and socio-political progress, and situating them against the backdrop of both imperial policies of hygienic modernity and systems of indigenous knowledge, this article argues that these women deployed their own agency and negotiation efforts to articulate a singular paradigm of progress. The article focuses on practices of infant-feeding, showing that these literate colonized women's conscious manipulation of the colonial discourse on scientific modernity was grounded in their awareness of the racial project of control of their own bodies. The promotion of ‘traditional’ breastfeeding was a way to affirm a path to progress that shared the underlying conditions for, but not the modalities of, Western modernity. Examining the processes of negotiation and subversion that emerged in these women's writings provides a productive space to question and reframe scholarly understandings of ‘modernity’ as a category of analysis.
Lung flukes of the genusParagonimus: ancient and re-emerging pathogens
Authors: Blair David
Published: March 2022

The title of this article refers to Table 1 in Zhou (2022, Infectious diseases of poverty: progress achieved during the decade gone and perspectives for the future. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 11, 1), in which it is indicated thatParagonimusspecies, like many other foodborne trematodes, are ancient pathogens that are also re-emerging to cause disease in modern times. This article provides a general overview ofParagonimusspecies and the disease they cause. This is followed by comments on several specific topics of current interest: taxonomy and distribution of members of the genus; details of the life cycle; global and regional prevalence of paragonimiasis; genomics of lung flukes and possible effects of global environmental change. Unresolved questions relating to these topics are discussed and gaps in knowledge identified.
Reconstruction in left main coronary artery atresia with bypass graft obstruction
Authors: Miwa Koji , Iwai Shigemitsu , Nagashima Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

Paediatric coronary artery bypass surgery with internal thoracic artery grafting is the optimal choice for left main coronary artery atresia; we report successful reconstruction in a patient with bypass graft obstruction. The pulmonary trunk was transected to expose the left main coronary stem, which was opened beyond the obstruction and the incision extended through the left main coronary artery to the circumflex bifurcation and left anterior descending artery. A funnel-shaped coronary ostium was created with a glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium onlay patch. Surgical reconstruction is a good alternative for left main coronary artery atresia with graft obstruction and preserves the remaining internal thoracic artery for future use.
Analysis of Disaster Medical Response: The Sejong Hospital Fire
Authors: Choi Daihai , Lim Jangsun , Cha Myeong-Il , Choi Changshin , Woo Seungyoul , Jeong Seongmi , Hwang Seong Youn , Kim Inbyung , Yang Heebum
Published: March 2022

This paper provides a field report on a fire that broke out on January 26, 2018 at Sejong Hospital in Miryang, South Korea, engendering the establishment of a committee to investigate the hospital fire response. This field report analyzes the disaster medical response. The official records of the disaster response from each institution were examined. On-site surveys were conducted through interviews with government officials and other health care workers regarding communication during the disaster response without using a separate questionnaire. All medical records were abstracted from hospital charts. There were 192 casualties: 47 victims died, seven were seriously injured, and 121 suffered minor injuries. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrived three minutes after the fire started, while news of the fire reached the National Emergency Medicine Operation Center based in Seoul in 12 minutes. The first disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) was dispatched 63 minutes after the National Emergency Medicine Operation Center was notified. The disaster response was generally conducted in accordance with disaster medical support manuals; however, these response manuals need to be improved. Close cooperation among various institutions, including nearby community public health centers, hospitals, fire departments, and DMATs, is necessary. The response manuals should be revised for back-up institutions, as the relevant information is currently incomplete.
A cognitive behavioural therapy smartphone app for adolescent depression and anxiety: co-design of ClearlyMe
Authors: Li S.H. , Achilles M.R. , Spanos S. , Habak S. , Werner-Seidler A. , O’Dea B.
Published: March 2022

Adolescence is associated with heightened vulnerability to symptoms of depression and anxiety. In-person and computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective treatment options, yet uptake and engagement remain low. Smartphone delivery of CBT offers an alternative, highly accessible method of delivering CBT. However, there is no freely available CBT smartphone application (app) specifically designed to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. The aim of this study was to design a new CBT smartphone app (ClearlyMe) that targets depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. We engaged in a rigorous co-design process with adolescents (n=36), parents (n=15), and mental health professionals (n=32). Co-design involved: (1) discovery of users’ needs, views and preferences by conducting focus groups, (2) defining app features through ideation workshops and user consultations, (3) designing therapeutic CBT content and visual features, and (4) testing prototypes. Users were involved at every step and the process was iterative, with findings carried forward to ensure continued refinement of concepts and features. We found a preference for vibrant, cheerful colours and illustrations and non-endorsement of gamification and chatbots, which contrasted with findings from other studies. Preferences were largely consistent between the three user groups. However, adolescents preferred an app that could be used autonomously without professional support, whereas mental health professionals desired a product for use as a therapy adjunct to support CBT skill development. The importance of co-design, and particularly the inclusion of all stakeholders throughout the entire co-design process, is discussed in relation to the design of ClearlyMe.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the co-design process that underpins the development of a new CBT smartphone app for youth with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.

(2)

To understand adolescent, parent and mental health professionals’ key preferences regarding the features and functionality of a CBT smartphone app for adolescents with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.

(3)

To understand how ClearlyMe has been designed as both a therapy adjunct and stand-alone program, and how it can be incorporated into day-to-day clinical practice.
Nuclear Power as Cultural Heritage in Russia
Authors: Rindzevičiūtė Eglė
Published: March 2022

This article maps the presentation of nuclear power as valuable cultural heritage in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. Drawing on the analysis of archival documents, exhibitions, site visits and interviews, it argues that the nuclear cultural heritage-making that is taking place in Russia is not limited to self-promotion by the nuclear industry but is shaped by different professional and societal groups seeking to define their identity and gain recognition in the public sphere. The selected case studies, the Polytechnical Museum (Politekh) in Moscow and Rosatom's recent attempts to institutionalize nuclear cultural heritage, add new empirical material to the existing studies of Soviet and post-Soviet nuclear culture and offer new insights into its character.
Effect of soy isoflavones on C-reactive protein in chronic inflammatory disorders
Authors: Gholami Ali , Darudi Fatemeh , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Hariri Mitra
Published: March 2022

Abstract: New evidence suggests that soy products might reduce chronic systemic inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the effect of soy isoflavones on serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) among participants with chronic inflammatory disorders by conducting this study. Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were searched to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to December 2020. The effect size was calculated by the mean change from baseline in concentrations of CRP and its standard deviation for both intervention and comparison groups. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used when the heterogeneity test was statistically significant. In total, thirteen RCTs involving 1213 participants and ten RCTs involving 1052 participants were eligible for our systematic review and meta-analysis respectively. Study duration ranged from 4 to 96 weeks and soy isoflavones dose varied from 33 to 132 mg/day. Overall effect size indicated a non-significant effect on serum concentration of CRP following soy isoflavones intake (weighted mean differences (WMD)=−0.15 mg/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.54, 0.23; p=0.430). Subgroup analysis revealed that soy isoflavones significantly reduced serum concentration of CRP in studies among participants with age >57 years and baseline CRP levels >3.75 mg/L. The present study proposed that soy isoflavones could not significantly reduce serum CRP levels. It seems more RCTs on participants with age more than 57 years and higher levels of CRP is necessary.
Sportpsychiatrische Diagnostik imLeistungssport– Entwicklung eines klinischenStandards
Authors: Hofmann Carlos Gonzalez , Claussen Malte Christian
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung. Psychische Beschwerden und Erkrankungen sind häufig im Leistungssport, werden aber im Rahmen der sportmedizinischen Routineuntersuchungen bislang nicht in einem ausreichenden Umfang erfasst. Ein Modell einer strukturierten, mehrstufigen sportpsychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Diagnostik im Leistungssport wird vorgestellt, das ein psychiatrisches Basis-Assessment (PBA) innerhalb der jährlichen sportmedizinischen Untersuchung ebenso umfasst wie eine sportpsychiatrische Evaluation (SPE) bei auffälligen Befunden des PBA. Das PBA soll kompakt ausgestaltet sowie sensitiv und spezifisch sein. Eine sich optional anschliessende, durch Fachärztinnen und Fachärzte der beiden psychiatrischen Fachgebiete durchgeführte dreistufige SPE könnte aus einer allgemeinen psychiatrischen Abklärung, einem klinischen Interview und einer beschwerde- bzw. diagnosespezifischen Diagnostik und Untersuchung bestehen. Das gestufte Vorgehen soll zeitökonomisch sein und bei den Athletinnen und Athleten Akzeptanz finden. Das vorgeschlagene Modell könnte als klinischer Standard dazu beitragen, durch routinemässiges Screenen frühzeitig behandlungsbedürftige psychische Erkrankungen zu ermitteln.
Sports Psychiatric Diagnostics in Competitive Sports – Establishing a Clinical Standard
Authors: Hofmann Carlos Gonzalez , Claussen Malte Christian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Mental complaints and disorders are common in competitive sports. Despite this, they are not recognized sufficiently in Pre-Participation Examinations (PPE) yet. We present a structured, staged model of sports psychiatric diagnosis containing a Psychiatric Basic Assessment (PBA) within the annual PPE as well as a Sports Psychiatric Evaluation (SPE) in case of conspicuous PBA results. The PBA should be designed as a compact as well as sensitive and specific instrument. An optional three-stage SPE by specialists for both psychiatric disciplines should preferably include a general psychiatric assessment, a clinical interview and a symptom- or disorder-specific diagnosis and examination. Such a staged approach should be time-efficient and well accepted by the athletes. The model proposed here will hopefully contribute as a clinical standard to the early detection of mental disorders requiring treatment.
Körperliche Aktivität und psychische Gesundheit: Fokus Alter
Authors: Hemmeter Ulrich Michael , Ngamsri Theofanis
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung. Der Alterungsprozess ist eng mit physiologischen Veränderungen verbunden, die den Organismus vulnerabler für die Entwicklung körperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen machen. Reduzierte körperliche Aktivität kann diesen Prozess verstärken. Dementsprechend kann durch körperliches Training und Sport gerade im Alter diesen Prozessen entgegengewirkt und so ein jüngeres biologisches Alter erreicht werden. Eine bessere körperliche Fitness im Alter ist mit einer höheren Lebensqualität und Befindlichkeit wie auch mit einer besseren psychischen Gesundheit verbunden. Sport und Bewegung im Verlauf der Lebensspanne haben sich als präventiv für die Entwicklung von Depressionen und Demenzen im Alter erwiesen. Zudem können insbesondere kognitive Störungen (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) und Depressionen im Alter durch regelmässige körperliche/sportliche Aktivität gebessert werden. Auch bei Demenzen gibt es Hinweise, dass es durch körperliche Aktivität zu einer Verbesserung der Verhaltensstörungen (nicht aber der Kognition) kommen kann.