bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Njakolko belezki k''m Theophanes Chronographia, 497
Authors: Bozilov Ivan
Published: December 2014

The paper analyzes the paragraph of the Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor
in which the Byzantine Chronicler describes the contract made between
Bulgaria and Byzantium in 716, and above all the mention of the Bulgarian
ruler Kormesios in it.
Η νομολογια, κινητρο νομοθετικησ πρωτοβουλιασ του Λεοντοσ ΣΤ΄ του Σοφου
Authors: Burdara Kaliopi
Published: December 2014

In this article we try to find the legislative initiatives of Leo VI the
Wise and especially if case-law is a motive, because we do not have enough
information from the sources for case-law. Indeed Leo?s Novels n. 25, 42, 92
regulating subjects of civil and penal law are based on verdicts and their
prooimia mention them.
Kataphlôros ou Kataphlôron: Notes sur un patronyme Byzantin
Authors: Loukaki Marina
Published: December 2014

The byzantine family name ?Kataphloron? of civil and military officials
(from the 10th to the beginning of the 13th century) has been attested in
sources in various forms. By the examination of sources it has been
established that the second declination form ?Kataphloros? is to be met only
in seals, whereas manuscripts and ?ount Athos? documents always use the form
?Kataphloron? without any declination. Some isolated cases indicating
separation of the proverb ?????? are only found in manuscripts later than the
13th century.
On the threshold of certainty: The incredulity of Thomas in the narthex of the katholikon of the Hosios Loukas monastery
Authors: Milanovic Ljubomir
Published: December 2014

The katholikon of the Hosios Loukas monastery, built around the first quarter
of the eleventh century, has a narthex with a mosaic decoration on its west
side. The Incredulity of Thomas is included amongst the scenes of the
Passion. This paper examines the iconographic, liturgical, and dogmatic roles
of the Incredulity within the context of the overall program and the liminal
space of the narthex. This monumental representation evidences how depictions
of the Incredulity engaged with changing beliefs concerning the senses and
faith. In particular, I focus on the implications of the believer?s
bi-directional movement through the narthex on entering and exiting the
church. Iconographically, the representation of a door behind Christ and His
wound are understood as symbolic conformation of His divine nature and a
marker of the path believers should follow to attain salvation. As a
confirmation of Christ?s dual nature, the Incredulity of Thomas is read in
relation to funerary and Eucharistic contexts as relating to the narthex of
Hosios Loukas.
The mixed life of Plato’s Philebus in Psellos’ Chronographia (6a.8)
Authors: Lauritzen Frederick
Published: December 2014

Michael Psellos (1018-1081) used neoplatonic ethics in Chronographia 6a8 in
order to discredit Leo Paraspondylos. He was accused of being too strict and
distant from the real world of politics. By claiming that the intellect also
needs a natural environment, Psellos endorses the neoplatonic reading of
Plato?s Philebus and at the same time the contemplation of nature of Maximus
the Confessor. In other words he claims the Leo was neither a philosopher nor
an accurate theologian and therefore could not be in charge of political
affairs.
Michel Psellos et Antioche
Authors: Cheynet Jean-Claude
Published: December 2014

The great fortress of Antioch, pillar of the Byzantine defense in Syria in
the 11th century, was more integrated into the Byzantine Empire than has
sometimes been claimed. It can be shown by the letters of the very
Constantinopolitan Psellos. He corresponded with several patriarchs of
Antioch, who themselves were careful not to cut their ties with the Byzantine
capital. Psellos wrote more than once to Aimilianos, which is actually the
name of a previously known family. Patriarch Aimilianos probably governed the
Church of Antioch longer than we thought. Psellos loved to keep in touch with
senior military officers, some of them being of imperial blood or related to
the imperial family, such as Michel Kontostephanos, a nephew of Isaac
Comnenos, or the caesar John, brother of Constantine Doukas. They were for a
time stationed in Antioch or in the region. He also wrote to Nicephoros
Botaneiates, who was praised during an embassy of the emir of Aleppo at
Constantinople. He corresponded with Nic?phoritzes, his former colleague, who
was twice duke of Antioch. There is no doubt that the elite of the capital
was interested and concerned by the situation in Antioch.
Episcopal towns of medieval Serbia
Authors: Kalic Jovanka
Published: December 2014

This paper is part of a study devoted to the role of the so-called old
bishoprics in the medieval history of Serbia. Most of the towns functioning
as epsicopal sees grew on early Christian sites and traditions, and were
renovated in the Byzantine period. The goal of the research, focused on two
towns, Ras and Nis, with the findings cross-checked against Prizren and
Belgrade, is to examine the attitude of the Serbian rulers towards the
pre-existing ecclesiastical organization. The research also addresses the
issue of the capital city of the medieval Serbian state.
A contribution to the topography of Byzantine Belgrade in the 11th and 12th centuries
Authors: Popovic Marko
Published: December 2014

The focus of the paper is the stone fragment of a Byzantine architectural
element discovered in Belgrade several decades ago. It has served as a basis
for reconstructing the original appearance of the element which has been
identified as the plinth of a chancel screen column. The plinth, which
flanked the north side of the central templon door, is decorated in low
relief on three sides, and has been dated by style to the 11th century. It
presumably formed part of the templon of Belgrade?s cathedral church, of
which no remains have survived. Based on analogies, the church might have
been a three-aisled basilica, probably located in the urban zone of 11th- and
12th-century Byzantine Belgrade. Archaeological excavations indicate that
this urban zone was situated within the walls of the former Roman castrum.
Antidiabetic Effect of Interleukin-1β Antibody Therapy Through β-Cell Protection in the Cohen Diabetes-Sensitive Rat
Authors: Aharon-Hananel Genya , Jörns Anne , Lenzen Sigurd , Raz Itamar , Weksler-Zangen Sarah
Published: December 2014

Interleukin (IL)-1β, the sole proinflammatory cytokine released from pancreas-infiltrating macrophages, inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), causing hyperglycemia in Cohen diabetes-sensitive (CDs) rats fed a diabetogenic-diet (CDs-HSD). Because IL-1β blockade is a potential therapeutic target in diabetes, we examined whether treating CDs rats with IL-1β antibody (IL-1βAb; 0.5 mg/kg body weight) could counteract the inhibition of GSIS and hyperglycemia. We found that daily IL-1βAb injections had a beneficial effect on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in CDs-HSD rats. In the oral glucose tolerance test, IL-1βAb–treated CDs-HSD rats showed lower blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.001) and higher GSIS (P < 0.05) compared with nontreated CDs-HSD rats. IL-1βAb treatment also protected the exocrine pancreas; the number of infiltrating macrophages decreased by 70% (P < 0.01) and IL-1β expression decreased by 85% (P < 0.01). In parallel, a 50% reduction (P < 0.01) in the rate of apoptosis and in fat infiltration (P < 0.05) was noted in the exocrine parenchyma of IL-1βAb–treated CDs-HSD rats compared with nontreated CDs-HSD rats. Altogether, these data demonstrate that blocking IL-1β action by IL-1βAb counteracted β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance, supporting the notion that prevention of pancreas infiltration by macrophages producing IL-1β is of crucial importance for the preservation of β-cell function and prevention of diabetes.
Hypoglycemia-Associated Changes in the Electroencephalogram in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Normal Hypoglycemia Awareness or Unawareness
Authors: Sejling Anne-Sophie , Kjær Troels W. , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Diemar Sarah S. , Frandsen Christian S.S. , Hilsted Linda , Faber Jens , Holst Jens J. , Tarnow Lise , Nielsen Martin N. , Remvig Line S. , Thorsteinsson Birger , Juhl Claus B.
Published: December 2014

Hypoglycemia is associated with increased activity in the low-frequency bands in the electroencephalogram (EEG). We investigated whether hypoglycemia awareness and unawareness are associated with different hypoglycemia-associated EEG changes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Twenty-four patients participated in the study: 10 with normal hypoglycemia awareness and 14 with hypoglycemia unawareness. The patients were studied at normoglycemia (5–6 mmol/L) and hypoglycemia (2.0–2.5 mmol/L), and during recovery (5–6 mmol/L) by hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. During each 1-h period, EEG, cognitive function, and hypoglycemia symptom scores were recorded, and the counterregulatory hormonal response was measured. Quantitative EEG analysis showed that the absolute amplitude of the θ band and α-θ band up to doubled during hypoglycemia with no difference between the two groups. In the recovery period, the θ amplitude remained increased. Cognitive function declined equally during hypoglycemia in both groups and during recovery reaction time was still prolonged in a subset of tests. The aware group reported higher hypoglycemia symptom scores and had higher epinephrine and cortisol responses compared with the unaware group. In patients with type 1 diabetes, EEG changes and cognitive performance during hypoglycemia are not affected by awareness status during a single insulin-induced episode with hypoglycemia.
Cancer Risk Among People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Disentangling True Associations, Detection Bias, and Reverse Causation
Authors: Harding Jessica L. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Peeters Anna , Cartensen Bendix , Magliano Dianna J.
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

Evidence indicates an increased risk of certain cancers among people with type 2 diabetes. Evidence for rarer cancers and for type 1 diabetes is limited. We explored the excess risk of site-specific cancer incidence and mortality among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, compared with the general Australian population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Registrants of a national diabetes registry (953,382) between 1997 and 2008 were linked to national death and cancer registries. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIRs/SMRs) are reported.

RESULTS

For type 1 diabetes, significant elevated SIRs were observed for pancreas, liver, esophagus, colon and rectum (females only [F]), stomach (F), thyroid (F), brain (F), lung (F), endometrium, and ovary, and decreased SIRs were observed for prostate in males. Significantly increased SMRs were observed for pancreas, liver, and kidney (males only), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, brain (F), and endometrium. For type 2 diabetes, significant SIRs were observed for almost all site-specific cancers, with highest SIRs observed for liver and pancreas, and decreased risks for prostate and melanoma. Significant SMRs were observed for liver, pancreas, kidney, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gallbladder (F), stomach (F), and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (F). Cancer risk was significantly elevated throughout follow-up time but was higher in the first 3 months postregistration, suggesting the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation.

CONCLUSIONS

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an excess risk of incidence and mortality for overall and a number of site-specific cancers, and this is only partially explained by bias. We suggest that screening for cancers in diabetic patients is important.
Computer aided manufacturing supported process planning of additive manufacturing by laser deposition welding
Authors: Arntz Kristian , Wegener Maximilian , Liu Yuan
Published: December 2014

Laser additive manufacturing technologies have to be integrated into sophisticated process chains including the computer aided manufacturing (CAM) process planning to achieve best overall performance. But currently, additive manufacturing processes are developed to their limits without regards to the CAM process planning. Based on integrated CAM software, which handles specific laser process needs, successful implementations focus on individual geometries and offer solutions for the entire process of complex manufacturing and repairing tasks in laser deposition welding. Due to the change of process conditions and requirements, adequate process strategies need to be developed. Therefore, the capability for controlling these process parameters is considered within the CAM system. Hence, the shortcoming of laser deposition welding, the machining strategies can be fitted to the part's geometry.
Densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and wear property of TiC nanoparticle reinforced AlSi10Mg bulk-form nanocomposites prepared by selective laser melting
Authors: Gu Dongdong , Wang Hongqiao , Dai Donghua , Chang Fei , Meiners Wilhelm , Hagedorn Yves-Christian , Wissenbach Konrad , Kelbassa Ingomar , Poprawe Reinhart
Published: December 2014

Selective laser melting (SLM), due to its unique additive manufacturing processing philosophy, demonstrates a high potential in producing bulk-form nanocomposites with novel nanostructures and enhanced properties. In this study, the nanoscale TiC particle reinforced AlSi10Mg nanocomposite parts were produced by SLM process. The influence of “laser energy per unit length” (LEPUL) on densification behavior, microstructural evolution, and wear property of SLM-processed nanocomposites was studied. It showed that using an insufficient LEPUL of 250 J/m lowered the SLM densification due to the balling effect and the formation of residual pores. The highest densification level (>98% theoretical density) was achieved for SLM-processed parts processed at the LEPUL of 700 J/m. The TiC reinforcement in SLM-processed parts experienced a structural change from the standard nanoscale particle morphology (the average size 75–92 nm) to the relatively coarsened submicron structure (the mean particle size 161 nm) as the applied LEPUL increased. The nanostructured TiC reinforcement was generally maintained within a wide range of LEPUL from 250 to 700 J/m and the dispersion state of nanoscale TiC reinforcement was homogenized with increasing LEPUL. The sufficiently high densification rate combined with the uniform distribution of nanoscale TiC reinforcement throughout the matrix led to the considerably low coefficient of friction of 0.38 and wear rate of 2.76 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1 for SLM-processed nanocomposites at 700 J/m. Both the insufficient SLM densification response at a relatively low LEPUL of 250 J/m and the disappearance of nanoscale reinforcement at a high LEPUL of 1000 J/m lowered the wear performance of SLM-processed nanocomposite parts.
Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4
Authors: Kranz J. , Herzog D. , Emmelmann C.
Published: December 2014

Today, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is used in more and more industrial applications. Due to a new freedom in design it offers a high potential for weight saving in lightweight applications, e.g., in the aerospace industry. However, most design engineers are used to design parts for conventional manufacturing methods, such as milling and casting, and often only have limited experience in designing products for additive manufacturing. The absence of comprehensive design guidelines is therefore limiting the further usage and distribution of LAM. In this paper, experimental investigations on the influence of part position and orientation on the dimension accuracy and surface quality are presented. Typical basic shapes used in lightweight design have been identified and built in LAM. Thin walls, bars, and bore holes with varying diameters were built in different orientations to determine the process limits. From the results of the experiments, comprehensive design guidelines for lightweight structures were derived in a catalog according to DIN 2222 and are presented in detail. For each structure a favorable and an unfavorable example is shown, the underlying process restrictions are mentioned and further recommendations are given.
Changes in Digenean Infection of the Antarctic Fish Notothenia Coriiceps in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Over Three Decades
Authors: Laskowski Zdzisław , Jeżewski Witold , Zdzitowiecki Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

The infection of black rockcod,Notothenia coriiceps,with digeneans in Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands) within three months, from November 2007 to January 2008, is compared with the infection in the same three months in 1978/79, based on the examination of twenty fish collected in each month. Digenea found in 1978/1979 season were more numer-ous, and more diverse. Only five digenean species,Macvicaria georgiana,Neolebouria antarctica,Lepidapedon garrardi,Genolinea bowersiandLecithaster macrocotyle, were re-corded during both investigations, whereas three species,Neolepidapedon trematomi,Elytro-phalloides oatesiandGonocerca phycidis, only in 1978/79.M. georgianawas the dominant species in 1978/79 and sub-dominant in 2007/08. Other digeneans were found inN. coriicepsin 2007/08 invariably together withM. georgiana. G. bowersiwas the sub-dominant species in 1978/79 and the most common species in 2007/2008. Infections with Digenea belonging to other species were much less intense. Of the three rare or common species in 1978/79, the two,L. garrardiandL. macrocotyle, occurred in both seasons, whereasE. oatesioccurred only in 1978/79. Three remaining species were sporadic or absent. The overall results there-fore demonstrated that infections with almost all digenean species were less strong in 2007/08 than three decades earlier, in 1978/79. Only data onM. georgiana,G. bowersiandL.garrardiwere statistically significant (p <0.05). Data on the occurrence of 14 species of Digenea inN. coriicepsfrom South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Georgia, Argentine Is-lands, Melchior Islands, Adelie Land and Heard Island are given.
The Northernmost Populations of Tetraspora Gelatinosa (Chlorophyta) from Spitsbergen
Authors: Richter Dorota , Matuła Jan , Pietryka Mirosława
Published: December 2014

This article describes the morphological characteristics of the populations of green alga, Tetraspora gelatinosa, growing in the stressful Arctic conditions (77°00’22” N, 015°32’54.33” E). We present the first detailed morphological characteristics of this spe-cies from such a high latitude. Populations from both stagnant and flowing waters were studied. Depending on the type of habitat, their mucilaginous colonies (thalli) have differ-ent shapes, but the structure, size and the placement of the vegetative cells, akinetes and ameboid forms, as well as the pseudocilia morphology of both populations, were very simi-lar. Literature data on the distribution of T. gelatinosa indicate that it is a cosmopolitan spe-cies. Our data are compared with some characteristic features of this species growing in dif-ferent geographical and climatic zones. No significant differences were found in the morphology of the colonies compared, nor in the location and the inner structure of cells. How-ever, there were slight differences in cell size between the populations from warm and cold zones.
Perspective of Cross-Cutting Criteria as a Major Instrument to Determination of Critical Infrastructure in the Czech Republic
Authors: Novotný Petr , Rostek Petr
Published: December 2014

This paper is concerned by issue of cross-cutting criteria by view of European Union and relevant Member States and regional level. Therefore it defines general solution for designation process of critical infrastructure elements. The paper consequently presents comparison of cross-cutting criteria in the Czech Republic and European Union. Thoughtful look of crosscutting criteria and regional critical infrastructure is following collated by present knowledge in realm of critical infrastructure in the Czech Republic.
Complex Logistics Strategy for Industrial Companies in Slovakia
Authors: Horňáková Natália , Hudák Ján , Vidová Helena
Published: December 2014

Presented paper is a part of the dissertation thesis titled as “A proposal to develop Complex Logistics Strategy for industrial companies. The result of the thesis will be a methodology for developing a Complex Logistics Strategy for industrial companies in Slovakia. The main aim of the paper is to present some trends and strategies in Logistics and clarify the need of resolving the issue of Logistics Strategy based on the theoretical knowledge, case studies and analysis of current state of Logistics Strategies in industrial companies in Slovakia and other European countries.
Diesel Effect Problem Solving During Injection Moulding
Authors: Košík Miroslav , Likavčan Lukáš , Bílik Jozef , Martinkovič Maroš
Published: December 2014

Study describes principles of diesel effect creation during thermoplastic injection moulding as a consequence of wrong injection conditions and poor venting system design. On real example, study shows sequence of all steps to eliminate this sort of material degradation with minimal costs in phase when mould is already made. As a first, process parameters were optimized by CAE simulation to minimize cavity internal gasses creation. Finally the specific mould modifications were suggested to improve the effectiveness of venting system.
The Tool Life of Ball Nose end Mill Depending on the Different Types of Ramping
Authors: Vopát Tomáš , Peterka Jozef , Kováč Martin
Published: December 2014

The article deals with the cutting tool wear measurement process and tool life of ball nose end mill depending on upward ramping and downward ramping. The aim was to determine and compare the wear (tool life) of ball nose end mill for different types of copy milling operations, as well as to specify particular steps of the measurement process. In addition, we examined and observed cutter contact areas of ball nose end mill with machined material. For tool life test, DMG DMU 85 monoBLOCK 5-axis CNC milling machine was used. In the experiment, cutting speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut were not changed. The cutting tool wear was measured on Zoller Genius 3s universal measuring machine. The results show different tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy.
Overview of Cr2N And Cr2N/Ag Coatings On Cr-V Ledeburitic Steel: Mechanical Properties and Adhesion
Authors: Bílek Pavel , Jurči Peter , Hudáková Mária , Čaplovič Ľubomír , Pašák Matej
Published: December 2014

Samples made from Vanadis 6 PM ledeburitic tool steel were surface machined, ground and mirror polished. Prior the deposition, they were heat treated to a hardness of 60 HRC. Cr2N- and Cr2N/Ag-coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering technique, using pure Cr and Ag targets, in a composite low pressure nitrogen/argon atmosphere and at a temperature of 500 °C. The contents of silver in Cr2N/Ag coatings were established 3, 7, 11 and 15 wt. %. Incorporation of silver in the Cr2N-matrix influence the growth rate, namely from the content of 11 wt. %. The nanohardness and Young´s modulus do not change until the content of 11 wt. % where slightly increased but further increasing of silver led to decreasing these values rapidly. The best adhesion was established for coatings with 3 and 7 wt. % of silver.
Study of the Sensitization on the Grain Boundary in Austenitic Stainless Steel Aisi 316
Authors: Kocsisová Edina , Dománková Mária , Slatkovský Ivan , Sahul Martin
Published: December 2014

Intergranular corrosion (IGC) is one of the major problems in austenitic stainless steels. This type of corrosion is caused by precipitation of secondary phases on grain boundaries (GB). Precipitation of the secondary phases can lead to formation of chromium depleted zones in the vicinity of grain boundaries. Mount of the sensitization of material is characterized by the degree of sensitization (DOS). Austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 as experimental material had been chosen. The samples for the study of sensitization were solution annealed on 1100 °C for 60 min followed by water quenching and then sensitization by isothermal annealing on 700 °C and 650 °C with holding time from 15 to 600 min. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for identification of secondary phases. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was applied for characterization of grain boundary structure as one of the factors which influences on DOS.
Dynamic Education as a Modern Education System of University
Authors: Buranská Eva , Buranský Ivan
Published: December 2014

The contribution discusses the issue of modern education system of university. This method of education was designed within the KEGA project. Implementation of on-line classroom for dynamic education of the secondary technical school and university students focused on the design and manufacturing of freeform surfaces. The main objective of this teaching method of is improving the parent faculty cooperation with training centres and increasing the interest of secondary school students in the university studies of technical orientation.
Reconstructing the Gobbins Path
Authors: Wilson Gavin
Published: December 2014

The Gobbins Path, located in Islandmagee, Northern Ireland, was a dramatic coastal walk first opened in 1902. The path, designed and built by Irish engineer Berkley Deane Wise, required many bridges to cross between rock outcrops and inlets, including spectacular structures such as the Tubular Bridge, shown in fig. 1.

Fig.1: Bridges of the original Gobbins Path and a postcard showing the Tubular Bridge

During the Second World War, the Gobbins Path was temporarily closed. Despite strengthening works to a number of structures after the war, high maintenance costs forced the path's closure in 1961.

In 2013, Larne Borough Council launched a project to reconstruct a section of the original Gobbins Path to provide a major tourist attraction for the area. This new scheme incorporated the construction of stainless steel bridges, with the design completed to date the focus of this paper.
An innovative road-bridge solution to give access to the future Zorrotzaurre Island in Bilbao (Spain)
Authors: Beade Hector , Capellán Guillermo , Alfonso Pablo , García Marianela , Ruiz Juan , Sobrino Raquel
Published: December 2014

This article is focused on the first of the bridges that will materialise the connection of the future Zorrotzaurre Island in Bilbao (currently a peninsula) with the rest of the urban fabric. This bridge will clear the watercourse of the Deusto Canal, when completed, with a main span of 76.9 m and an average width of 28 m, carrying two 5-m-wide side pavements for pedestrians and cyclists and four 3.25-m-wide road lanes. Its innovative design concept combines two structural schemes: an inverted Fink truss (it will be the first road bridge in the world of this type to be built) and a three- span variable-height beam. This design (made of steel with a composite road deck) provides transparency and slenderness, fulfils the hydraulic requirements, has an accurate scale for an urban bridge (the height of the main mast is 15.4 m) and serves as a tribute to the sequence of cranes and towers that once were plentiful in the area.
Innovative Design of Railway Steel-Concrete Mixed Box Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Luo Shidong , Liu Zhenbiao , Zeng Jiahua
Published: December 2014

The Yongjiang Railway Bridge carrying 2-lines heavy-load railways is a steel-concrete mixed box girder cable-stayed bridge with the span arrangement of 53 50+50+66+468 66+50+50+53 m. The stiffening girder is a closed and streamlined box girder with two materials longitudinally: the center 419m of main span is steel box girder installed by deck cranes and the rest of the girder is site-cast concrete box girder.

Considering that the railway bridge possesses characteristics of carrying heavy railway live load, high requirements for the stiffness of the whole structure, fixed railway tracks, an innovative concept of the structural system for long-span railway bridges is carried out, and three Innovative Technologies is obtained including orthotropic steel deck stiffened by V-shaped ribs, steel-concrete joint with ladder-shaped concrete filled in and frontal/ posterior compression-bearing plates, bilateral–bearing-load cable-girder steel anchorage box. The experimental research proves that orthotropic steel deck stiffened by V-shaped is superior in fatigue behaviour, the proposed new types of steel cable-girder anchorage box and steel-concrete joint both have good performance in the force transferring and fatigue properties. And also vehicle-bridge coupling vibration analysis also shows that the steel-concrete joint achieves smooth transition of stiffness and the trains run smoothly.
Puente Nigale, Train/Bridge Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Egede Andersen Jacob , Talic Edita , Andersen Per , Vejrum Tina
Published: December 2014

An overall study of runability, comfort and safety aspects for real trains passing the planned Segundo Cruce del Lago de Maracaibo - Puente Nigale Bridge part of a fixed link across Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela has been carried out. For the analysis the AREMA codes apply. However, several Eurocodes defining design criteria for train/bridge dynamic interaction, train runability and cross wind effects has also been used.

This paper shows how train runability has been checked through global analyses by use of a 3D FE in-house developed Integrated Bridge Design and Analysis System (IBDAS) [1] allowing for direct dynamic train/bridge interaction analysis, i.e. the dynamic trains modelled as minimum 14 DOF per coach are interacting directly with the global FE-model utilizing a modal approach.

The dynamic modelling of five real trains has proved to be a highly valuable tool for examining the feasibility and safety of operating railway traffic on the fixed link.
Viaduct over Rego das Lamas
Authors: Ramos Óscar Ramón , Martínez José M. , Ortega Guillermo , Pantaleón Marcos J.
Published: December 2014

The viaduct over Rego das Lamas is part of the Lalín (Baxán) – Lalín (Anzo) section of the High Velocity Railway between Orense and Santiago, which remains under the jurisdiction of ADIF. The viaduct is designed as a 245 meter, composite concrete-steel structure that allows crossing of the railway tracks over the AP-53 motorway by 80 m bowstring span: two arches along with steel ties. Nine hangers made of Y1860S steel and formed with 150mm2 strands connect every arch with its tie. The bowstring span has been erected over the highway by incremental launching from the construction yard into its final position over the piers 3 and 4.
Design of the Tsakona Arched Bridge
Authors: Stathopoulos Kyriakos , Vlachos Savvas , Thanopoulos Pavlos , Spyropoulos Ioannis , Kotsanopoulos Panagiotis , Stathopoulos Stamatios
Published: December 2014

An extended landslide cut the National Road Corinthos-Tripoli-Kalamata in Southern Greece and emerged the need for the construction of a large singular structure, capable to bridge the whole landslide in an area of high seismicity. In order to address the challenge, a bridge with length of 390m was designed. The main span 300m long, which passes over the landslide, consists of two vertical steel arches with rise of 45m and a steel-concrete composite deck, 22,80m wide, fully suspended by the arches with 2x20 vertical hangers. The approach to the main span of the bridge is achieved by a V-shaped prestressed concrete bridge 90m long and 20,40m wide.
Innovative monitoring to answer difficult questions
Authors: Harvey Bill , Harvey Hamish
Published: December 2014

The first author came to monitoring after a long period as an experimental researcher. In 2000 he moved into consulting and came across many situations where expensive monitoring had been installed without proper thought about what could be measured and how it would impact on decision-making processes. This paper presents some examples of poor measurement that could not provide useful insight. It then presents some examples of monitoring used to answer difficult questions about structural behaviour. We conclude that monitoring can be invaluable in diagnosis of structural faults, and that it need not be expensive to be effective. It is crucial however that the specifiers first ask the question, “Is it a fair test?” We find that monitoring typically needs to be carried out over extended periods, but that measurements must also be sufficiently frequent to make it possible to track all types of movement, not just the movement of immediate interest. Any movements measured must be properly investigated, not simply dismissed as errors. Finally, we present a case in which an a-priori belief in an invalid explanation of observed behaviour was so strongly held that clear results from simple monitoring, backed up by intrusive investigation, failed to overcome it.
Smart Strengthening of Existing RC Piers with SD490 and PCM
Authors: Miyauchi Katsuyuki , Shimoeda Hiroyuki , Mishima Hirotaka
Published: December 2014

A smart seismic strengthening method of existing RC piers is being developed. In this method, longitudinal high strength re-bars (SD490) for strengthening are touched an existing column surface and mounted to base concrete, and special polymer cement mortar (PCM) is sprayed directly over the re-bars by a dry spray system. This method has two special features; one is that anchored longitudinal re-bars have a T-nut at the anchored end for decreasing the anchor length, and the other is that the direction of coring for anchoring re-bars is slanted for touching anchored re-bars to a surface of an existing column. A reversed cyclic loading test and an analysis were carried out to investigate the effect of the seismic strengthening by this method. From the results, it is cleared that the verification of the seismic performances of the bridge pier strengthened with SD490 and the polymer cement mortar may be carried out according to Specifications for Highway Bridges.
Analysis and Measurement of the Behaviour of High Speed Railway (HSR) Bridges
Authors: Ramos Óscar Ramón , Garcia David , Pantaleón Marcos J.
Published: December 2014

Experience in the field of design and structural analysis of high-speed railway bridges in the last 25 years needs to be fed back to the data obtained from the analysis of the actual behaviour of the structure after commissioning. Aspects as fundamental as the sizing of expansion joints, location of fixed points, the dynamic amplification due to real traffic or the POT bearing behaviour have unresolved unknowns. This project led by ADIF, the Administrator of Railway Infrastructures in Spain, was developed between 2006 and 2009 and was oriented in two ways: continuous monitoring of hundred structures through regular field visits, and the monitoring of four singular viaducts: Viaduct over “Arroyo las Piedras”, Viaduct over “Arroyo del Valle” and San Boi Viaduct.
Assessment and Strengthening Experience with Bridges in Germany
Authors: Eilzer Wolfgang , Angelmaier Volkhard
Published: December 2014

Repair and maintenance of engineering structures constantly gain in importance especially for the infrastructure sector.

This can be seen by only considering the 40.000 bridges of federal highways in Germany; their functioning is the mandatory basis to ensure the mobility of a modern society (Fig.1).

Fig. 1 German Federal Highway Bridges

After successfully having built up and expanded the road network in the eastern part of Germany the strengthening of existing structures in the western part of Germany will become the major challenge for the future.

The presentation will focus on the wide range of engineering services involved in such a rehabilitation planning of and the specific experience gained through strengthening projects.
Assessment and full scale failure test of a steel truss bridge
Authors: Häggström Jens , Blanksvärd Thomas , Collin Peter , Täljsten Björn
Published: December 2014

Large amount of resources has been invested in maintaining existing infrastructure. Several of these structures are now becoming old and do not meet the requirements of today or are reaching the end of their lifecycle. It is not possible to replace all of these structures that are deemed or are about to be deemed obsolete, due to high cost and environmental impacts.

One way to keep these structures in use for a longer time is innovative and intelligent assessment of the actual state of stress and behaviour. In such cases, using structural health monitoring to assess the structure might be an efficient way to extend the life of the structure.

This paper will describe a unique monitoring program over two similar 33 m long steel truss bridges situated in Sweden. One of these bridges, Aby River, has a regulated axle load of 25 tons and is deemed to have reached is end of life due to fatigue. The other bridge, Rautasjokk, has a regulated axle load of 30 tons but will be in use for the coming years.

The monitoring program has the following outline; monitoring of the bridge over Aby river when it is in service, after replacement this bridge will be moved and tested under static loads to assess boundary conditions and state of stress, then parts of this bridge will be disassembled and these parts will be tested in laboratory environment for fatigue life assessment, all of these results will then be controlled by monitoring of the bridge over Rautasjokk in service limit state.

The outline of this project will give input for the fatigue life models that are used today and probably upgrade the fatigue life of the bridge over Rautasjokk.
The long tedious journey of cleft lip and palate patients  seeks multidisciplinary approach to smoothen
Authors: Hasana Md Nazmul , Chowdhury Shirin Sultana
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21157 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 01-03
Small Ruminant Production System Efficiency under Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Arid Land Conditions
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab , Sherif Sherin , Hoag Dana
Published: December 2014

Sheep and goat production systems in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) operate under scarce natural resource constraints. A cross-sectional survey that covered 661 mixed farms, including major sheep and goat production, was conducted in the three regions of Abu Dhabi Emirate (Al-Ain, Western Region and Abu Dhabi city) during 2012. A Cobb-Douglas, double-logarithmic stochastic frontier production function and maximum likelihood estimation were applied to estimate important economic derivatives and the associated risk of small ruminant production in this arid area. The highest impact of an input on the output level was found to be labor for raising sheep and alfalfa grass for raising goats. Both labor and alfalfa variables were found to be overutilized for sheep and goat production, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that average technical efficiency is 0.62 for raising sheep and only 0.34 for raising goats in the study area. Technical efficiency analysis included measuring the frequency of farms at each level of estimated technical efficiency in the range between zero and one. Zero for the technical efficiency coefficient indicates a lack of technical efficiency in resource use. The results of this study indicated that only 1% of the sheep farms show a technical efficiency coefficient of 0.25 or less; the same can be said for 41% of goat producers. However, these technical efficiencies were found to be more than 0.75 for 12% and 5% of the sheep and goat farms, respectively. Overall, goat farming in the UAE was found to be less efficient than sheep production. The results also indicated that flock size and type of breed were the most influential factors relative to other factors, and both show a positive relationship with technical efficiency. Other than flock size, factors, such as owners’ years of experience and management practices, were found to be more influential on goat farming system efficiency relative to sheep farming.
Animal Welfare: Focusing on the Future. By David J. Mellor and A.C. David Bayvel. OIE: Paris, France, 2014; 358 pp; €65.00; ISBN: 978-92-9044-929-4
Authors: Broom Donald
Published: December 2014

This book, which is a volume in an OIE series, describes much that is relevant to animal welfare, the chapters being in English with summaries or full text in French and Spanish. As with many reviews of our state of knowledge, many contributions to this volume draw on previous publications. For example, David Fraser’s excellent discussion of the globalization of farm animal welfare is explained at greater length in his 2008 paper [1] and book [2]. However, chapters on drivers of animal welfare policy in Africa, the Americas, the Far East and Australasia and the Middle East are amongst those that are novel. The description by Aidaros of Islamic teachings in relation to animal welfare is particularly welcome.[...]
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastatic Cancer Cell Populations Affects Tumor Dormancy in a Simple Mathematical Model
Authors: MacLean Adam , Harrington Heather , Stumpf Michael , Hansen Marc
Published: December 2014

Signaling from the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with progression and metastasis of epithelial tumors. c-Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cultured cells, which is thought to drive migration of tumor cells and confer on them critical stem cell properties. Here, we employ mathematical modeling to better understand how EMT affects population dynamics in metastatic tumors. We find that without intervention, micrometastatic tumors reach a steady-state population. While the rates of proliferation, senescence and death only have subtle effects on the steady state, changes in the frequency of EMT dramatically alter population dynamics towards exponential growth. We also find that therapies targeting cell proliferation or cell death are markedly more successful when combined with one that prevents EMT, though such therapies do little when used alone. Stochastic modeling reveals the probability of tumor recurrence from small numbers of residual differentiated tumor cells. EMT events in metastatic tumors provide a plausible mechanism by which clinically detectable tumors can arise from dormant micrometastatic tumors. Modeling the dynamics of this process demonstrates the benefit of a treatment that eradicates tumor cells and reduces the rate of EMT simultaneously.
The Importance of Maintaining Upland Forest Habitat Surrounding Salamander Breeding Ponds: Case Study of the Eastern Tiger Salamander in New York, USA
Authors: Titus Valorie , Madison Dale , Green Timothy
Published: December 2014

Most amphibians use both wetland and upland habitats, but the extent of their movement in forested habitats is poorly known. We used radiotelemetry to observe the movements of adult and juvenile eastern tiger salamanders over a 4-year period. Females tended to move farther from the breeding ponds into upland forested habitat than males, while the distance a juvenile moved appeared to be related to body size, with the largest individuals moving as far as the adult females. Individuals chose refugia in native pitch pine—oak forested habitat and avoided open fields, roads, and developed areas. We also observed a difference in potential predation pressures in relation to the distance an individual moved from the edge of the pond. Our results support delineating forested wetland buffer zones on a case-by-case basis to reduce the impacts of concentrated predation, to increase and protect the availability of pitch pine—oak forests near the breeding pond, and to focus primarily on the habitat needs of the adult females and larger juveniles, which in turn will encompass habitat needs of adult males and smaller juveniles.
14-3-3 Proteins Participate in Light Signaling through Association with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs
Authors: Adams Eri , Diaz Celine , Hong Jong-Pil , Shin Ryoung
Published: December 2014

14-3-3 proteins are regulatory proteins found in all eukaryotes and are known to selectively interact with phosphorylated proteins to regulate physiological processes. Through an affinity purification screening, many light-related proteins were recovered as 14-3-3 candidate binding partners. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that the 14-3-3 kappa isoform (14-3-3κ) could bind to PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). Further analysis by in vitro pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between 14-3-3κ and PIF3. Interruption of putative phosphorylation sites on the 14-3-3 binding motifs of PIF3 was not sufficient to inhibit 14-3-3κ from binding or to disturb nuclear localization of PIF3. It was also indicated that 14-3-3κ could bind to other members of the PIF family, such as PIF1 and PIF6, but not to LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1). 14-3-3 mutants, as well as the PIF3 overexpressor, displayed longer hypocotyls, and a pif3 mutant displayed shorter hypocotyls than the wild-type in red light, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are positive regulators of photomorphogenesis and function antagonistically with PIF3. Consequently, our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins bind to PIFs and initiate photomorphogenesis in response to a light signal.
Concentrations of Available Heavy Metals in Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and their Relation with Some Soil Selected Properties: A Case Study in Typical Mediterranean Soils
Authors: Nunes José , Ramos-Miras José , Lopez-Piñeiro António , Loures Luís , Gil Carlos , Coelho José , Loures Ana
Published: December 2014

The characterization of the content of trace metals in soils is an instrument in many programs of environmental protection, including the establishment of regional-level standards to detect sites affected by contamination. The objectives of the present study were to study the available levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface horizons of agricultural soils in a typical European Mediterranean region, to establish the geochemical baseline concentration (GBC), background level (BL), and reference value (RV) of each of these available metals, and to investigate their possible correlations with soil properties. To establish the GBC and RV values, we used the “standard threshold method”. Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from 630 sites, and extracted with Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA) to determine their available heavy metal concentrations. The GBC values established were: 0.04 to 0.90 mg kg−1, 0.70 to 2.50 mg kg−1, 0.10 to 6.30 mg kg−1, 0.30 to 7.90 mg kg−1, 0.29 to 4.50 mg kg−1, and 0.18 to 2.50 mg kg−1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Soil properties were found to be correlated with the available heavy metal content, suggesting that the enhanced mobility of heavy metals are related to anthropic activities.
Alexandre chez les Malles : techniques d’un récit dans l’Anabase d’Arrien
Authors: Muckensturm-Poulle Claire
Published: December 2014

Alexander and the Mallians : narrative technique in Arrian’s Anabasis

The account of the Alexander’s expedition in the country of the Mallians shows Arrian’s narrative technique: criticizing and comparing sources for historical veracity ; imitating Homer’s fights to give an epical dimension; using stoical moral values to understand the character of his hero. In that way, the writer, who stages his own work, sketches an esthetic in which the historical account fits to its subject.
Xénophon : la place de l’éloge dans l’écriture de l’histoire, des Helléniques (VI-VII) à l’Agésilas
Authors: Pontier Pierre
Published: December 2014

Xénophon : the place of eulogy in historical works, from Hellenica (VI-VII) to Agesilaos.

Even if eulogy and history are two different kinds of writing from the point of view of Xenophon, he seems to use the rhetoric of praise more often or in a different way in the last two books of the Hellenica.

The historian asserts more his presence; about Phlious (VII. 2) he organizes the historical material according to the praise of the city. The eulogy of the small city and its preface make the narrative look like the Agesilaos which was written at the same time. As a matter of fact, both works complete each other : their aim is to convey political and moral thoughts which are closely related.