bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Susceptibility of Forest Fires Using a Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study in Mountain Areas of Southwestern China
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Gao Yanghua , Zhang Ju , Chen Zhijun
Published: April 2022

Modeling fire susceptibility in fire-prone areas of forest ecosystems was essential for providing guidance to implement prevention and control measures of forest fires. Traditional models were developed on the basis of random selection of absence data (i.e., nonfire data from unburned areas), which could bring uncertainties to modeling results. Here, a new model with the genetic algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP) algorithm and 10 environmental layers was proposed to process presence-only data in the susceptibility modeling of forest fires in Chongqing city. To do this, 70% of 684 fire occurrence data (479) during the period of 2000–2018 were applied to train the proposed model. And, 30% of these fire occurrence data (205) and the same amount of no-fire data (205) were emerged as validation dataset. The results showed that, for some environmental layers (i.e., distance to the nearest road, land cover, precipitation, distance to the nearest settlement, aspect, relative humidity, elevation, wind speed, and temperature), their

P

values were less than 0.05, indicating that these 9 environmental layers have significant influence on the spatial distribution of fire susceptibility in Chongqing city. On the contrary, with a higher

P

value (i.e., 0.126), the slope layer has an insignificant effect on fire susceptibility in the study area. Furthermore, the results of receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) showed that the proposed model has a good performance with an AUC value of 0.869, an accuracy value of 0.732, a sensitivity value of 0.59, a specificity value of 0.873, a positive predictive value of 0.823, and a negative predictive value of 0.681. This study revealed the validity of the proposed model in modeling the susceptibility of forest fires.
Fabrication Process Stochastic Model for Yield Estimation in Microwave Semiconductor Devices Production
Authors: Paszkiewicz Bartlomiej K. , Paszkiewicz Bogdan , Dziedzic Andrzej
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a new methodology for simulation of production processes in order to determine device parametric yield. The elaborated methodology is focused on capturing stochastic relations between every parameter of the subsequent processes that are impossible to determine directly. The current state-of-the-art together with the gaps in the knowledge regarding yield modelling is presented. A novel approach to the important issue of effective yield modelling that allows the overcoming of current challenges is presented. The methodology’s usefulness is validated with the example of the fabrication process of AlGaN/GaN HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) for application in high-frequency electronics. Fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is a complex process due to the large number of technological stages required, most of which are still the subject of ongoing research. Most importantly, the approach presented in this paper could be easily applied to the modelling of any complex production process in every case where it is necessary to examine relations between the final product parameters distribution and the values of the involved process parameters.
Toxoplasma Reduces Complications of Parkinson’s Disease: An Experimental Study in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Nohtani Mohammad , Asgari Qasem , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Ostovan Vahid Reza , Mirzaeipour Mehdi , Bahreini Mohammad Saleh , Rashidi Sajad
Published: April 2022

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been described in dopamine brain level reductions. Conversely, several studies have shown that Toxoplasma parasite can increase the level of dopamine in an infected host. This study was conducted to assess the serum, cerebral dopamine levels, and downregulation of Parkinson’s disease manifestations in mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. Methods. PD induction was done by oral inoculation of rotenone into BALB/c mice. To induce the chronic infection, cysts of T. gondii Prugniaud strain (genotype II) were injected intraperitoneally into the mice. The rotarod test was used for the evaluation of functional motor disorders in experimental mice. The serum and cerebral dopamine levels of the mice were also measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on consecutive periods (10 days). Results. Findings of the rotarod test showed the highest and lowest average of running duration belonged to the uninfected mice and PD mice, respectively. Remarkably, the running duration of infected mice with PD was higher than PD mice. As well, the level of serum and cerebral dopamine increased in mice with PD and toxoplasmosis in comparison with PD mice. Conclusion. Increasing the serum and cerebral dopamine levels in mice infected with toxoplasmosis is related to the presence of the parasite. Moreover, the dopamine upregulation due to the infection is effective in the reduction of PD complications.
Acute Flaccid Tetraparesis after COVID-19 Infection: Think of the Thyroid
Authors: Tan Sarah Ying Tse , Xiong Jiaqing , Puar Troy H , Khoo Joan , Wong Andy Jun-wei , Soh Shui Boon
Published: April 2022

A previously well 32-year-old Chinese male presented with acute bilateral upper and lower limb paralysis upon waking, ten days after the onset of COVID-19 infection. Examination revealed areflexia over all four limbs, associated with reduced muscle strength, but no sensory or cranial nerve deficit. Initial concern was Guillain-Barre syndrome given the acute flaccid paralysis following COVID-19 infection. However, investigations revealed severe hypokalaemia (1.7 mmol/L) and primary hyperthyroidism. He was treated for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) with β-blockers, antithyroid medications, and intravenous potassium chloride (KCl). Despite frequent monitoring of potassium, rebound hyperkalaemia occurred with prompt resolution of paralysis.
Course of Hyperkalemia in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Spinowitz Bruce , Fishbane Steven , Fukagawa Masafumi , Ford Martin , Guzman Nicolas , Rastogi Anjay
Published: April 2022

Background. Evidence of longitudinal serum potassium (sK+) concentrations in hyperkalemic hemodialysis patients is sparse. Objective. These post hoc analyses of the placebo arm of the phase 3b DIALIZE study (NCT03303521) explored the course of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients receiving placebo. Methods. In DIALIZE, 196 patients receiving hemodialysis three times weekly were randomized to placebo or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate 5 g starting dose once daily on nondialysis days for 8 weeks. In these post hoc analyses of placebo patients overall (n = 86) and by predialysis sK+ subgroups at randomization <5.5 mmol/L, 5.5 to <6.0 mmol/L, 6.0 to <6.5 mmol/L, and ≥6.5 mmol/L, we assessed mean predialysis sK+ concentration by visit and the proportions of patients with mean predialysis sK+ ranges of 4.0–5.0 and 4.0–5.5 mmol/L by visit. Results. In placebo patients, the mean predialysis sK+ concentration at randomization was 5.9 mmol/L, and 5.8 mmol/L at the end of the study (day 57). For placebo patients overall and across all predialysis sK+ subgroups, the mean predialysis sK+ concentration remained ≥5.0 mmol/L for all visits over 8 weeks. Overall, 7–21% and 27–62% of placebo patients had predialysis sK+ ranges of 4.0–5.0 and 4.0–5.5 mmol/L, respectively, at any visit. The proportions of placebo patients with either predialysis sK+ range were greatest for those who were least hyperkalemic (<5.5 mmol/L) and generally decreased with increasing predialysis sK+ concentration. Conclusions. Patients receiving placebo and hemodialysis maintained high predialysis sK+ concentrations over 8 weeks following a hyperkalemic event. Most placebo patients remained hyperkalemic and may be at continued risk of adverse events.
Combined Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Inhibitor) and Dasatinib (A Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor) on Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuexian , Chen Heng , Shen Yunfeng , Zhou Xin
Published: April 2022

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a frequently encountered type of leukemia in China. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) serves as one of the most important factors of oxygen balance transcription. The activation of this gene mostly marks a poor outlook for cancer patients. To clarify the therapeutic effect of inhibiting this gene on CML, the present study is aimed at exploring the treatment effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), dasatinib alone, and combined both on K-562 cells and the possible mechanism of 2-ME2 in treating the disorder. The levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glutamate synthase 1 (GLU1) genes in K-562 cells were affected dose-dependently after 2-ME2 administration. 2-ME2 induced cell apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic protein expressions of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. The therapeutic effect of single 2-ME2 was superior to single dasatinib, and the effect of combined therapy of both drugs produced better effectiveness than either of the single drug. Once the concentration of 2-ME2 exceeded 0.5 μM, downregulated C-myc gene expression could exert roles in anti-CML cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Dasatinib might participate in the inhibition of the C-myc pathway during this process whereas its effect remained not clear. Taken together, abnormal high expression of HIF-1α exerted an essential role in CML occurrence and development. Inhibition of this gene could markedly increase cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, 2-ME2 could induce cell apoptosis by downregulating the C-myc gene and exert an apoptotic effect by downregulating Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 which act as antiapoptotic proteins.
Homomorphisms of Lattice-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subgroup Type-3
Authors: Kousar Sajida , Saleem Tahzeeb , Kausar Nasreen , Pamucar Dragan , Addis Gezahagne Mulat
Published: April 2022

The lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set was introduced by Gerstenkorn and Tepavcevi as a generalization of both the fuzzy set and theL-fuzzy set by incorporating membership functions, nonmembership functions from a nonempty setXto any latticeL, and lattice homomorphism fromLto the interval0,1. In this article, lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup type-3 (LIFSG-3) is introduced. Lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy type-3 normal subgroups, cosets, and quotient groups are defined, and their group theocratic properties are compared with the concepts in classical group theory. LIFSG-3 homomorphism is established and examined in relation to group homomorphism. The research findings are supported by provided examples in each section.
Stress Classification Using Brain Signals Based on LSTM Network
Authors: Phutela Nishtha , Relan Devanjali , Gabrani Goldie , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam , Samuel Mesay
Published: April 2022

The early diagnosis of stress symptoms is essential for preventing various mental disorder such as depression. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are frequently employed in stress detection research and are both inexpensive and noninvasive modality. This paper proposes a stress classification system by utilizing an EEG signal. EEG signals from thirty-five volunteers were analysed which were acquired using four EEG sensors using a commercially available 4-electrode Muse EEG headband. Four movie clips were chosen as stress elicitation material. Two clips were selected to induce stress as it contains emotionally inductive scenes. The other two clips were chosen that do not induce stress as it has many comedy scenes. The recorded signals were then used to build the stress classification model. We compared the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for classifying stress and nonstress group. The maximum classification accuracy of 93.17% was achieved using two-layer LSTM architecture.
Novel Evaluation of Fuzzy Fractional Helmholtz Equations
Authors: Alesemi Meshari , Iqbal Naveed , Wyal Noorolhuda
Published: April 2022

The current article discusses the fuzzy new iterative transform approach, which is a combination of a fuzzy hybrid methodology and an iterative transformation technique. We establish the consistence of our strategy by obtaining fractional fuzzy Helmholtz equations with the initial fuzzy condition using the Caputo derivative under generalized Hukuhara differentiability. The series obtained result was calculated and compared to the proposed equations of the actual result. Three challenges were provided to validate our method, and the outcomes were approximated in fuzzy form. In each of the three examples, the upper and bottom halves of the fuzzy solution were approximated utilizing two various fractional order between 0 and 1. Due to the fact that it globalizes the dynamical behavior of the specified equation, it produces all forms of fuzzy results at any fractional order between 0 and 1. Due to the fact that the fuzzy numbers presents the result in a lower and upper branches fuzzy type, the unknown quantity incorporates fuzziness as well. It is critical to emphasize that the purpose of the proposed fuzziness approach is to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of numerical solutions to nonlinear fractional fuzzy partial differential equations that arise in complex and physical structures.
Characteristic-Based Fluid Flow Modeling between Two Eccentric Cylinders in Laminar and Turbulent Regimes
Authors: Adibi Tohid , Razavi Seyed Esmail , Ahmed Shams Forruque , Amrikachi Aria , Saha Suvash C.
Published: April 2022

Determining the flow between eccentric cylinders is crucial in a wide range of industries. The governing equations for the flow between eccentric cylinders cannot be solved analytically. Therefore, three-dimensional incompressible viscous fluid flow between eccentric and concentric cylinders has numerically been simulated in this paper to investigate them using a characteristic-based approach. The first-order characteristic-based scheme is used to calculate convective terms, whereas the second-order averaging technique is used to calculate viscous fluxes. The Taylor number, eccentricity distance, Reynolds number, and radius ratio are considered the controlling parameters of fluid flow between the cylinders. The influence of flow between cylinders on flow patterns is presented in terms of velocity, pressure, and flow contours. It is found that at a constant Taylor number, the asymmetric centrifugal forces produce the Taylor vortices on the right of the internal rotating cylinder as the eccentric distance increases. When the eccentric distance increases, the magnitude of shear stress and its fluctuation on the cylinder wall, as well as the pressure on the cylinder wall, rise. The numerical results obtained were validated by comparing them to previously published experimental results, which showed a high level of agreement.
Different In Situ Immune Patterns between Primary Tumor and Lymph Node in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Potential Impact on Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy
Authors: Ye Zheng-Hao , Long Hao , Zhao Ze-Rui
Published: April 2022

Background. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is promising for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The in situ immune patterns, as a predictor of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade outcomes, of the primary tumor (PT) and metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) are unknown. Methods. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining and multispectral imaging were used to evaluate the in situ immune patterns of T cells (CD3+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) in terms of density, location (center of tumor (CT) and invasive margin (IM)), and the PD-L1 expression status of tumor cells and stromal T cells of paired PTs and mLNs in 38 stage III NSCLCs. Results. The densities of T cells and cytotoxic T cells were correlated between PTs and mLNs at both CT and IM. Higher densities of stromal T cells (S-CD3+) at CT and both S-CD3+ and cytotoxic T cells (S-CD8+) at IM were observed in mLNs compared to PTs, while in tumor compartment, there were no differences in the densities of T cells (T-CD3+) or cytotoxic T cells (T-CD8+). Only the density of stromal PD-L1-positive T cells (S-PD-L1+CD3+) at CT was correlated between PTs and mLNs, while the densities and frequencies of S-PD-L1+CD3+ at CT and IM of mLNs were higher than PTs. Combining positive score discordance of PD-L1 between PTs and mLNs was greater than tumor proportion score. Conclusions. In situ immune patterns of T cells and cytotoxic T cells were different between PTs and mLNs in NSCLC. The heterogeneity of the in situ immune patterns may result in different immune-mediated responses to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in PT and mLNs.
The tRNA-Derived Fragment tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU Functions as a miRNA-like RNA to Prevent Gastric Cancer Progression by Inhibiting GPR78 Expression
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Weikang , Fan Xirui , He Xiaoxue , Chen Sijin , Yu Su , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2022

Emerging studies have proved that tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play vital roles in tumor metastasis; however, the function of tRFs in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unclear. We investigated the role of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU in growth and metastasis of GC using a xenograft mouse model. Differential gene expression downstream of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU was identified by transcriptome sequencing, and interaction was then verified by a dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation. MKN-45 cells were also used to explore the biological functions of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU in vitro. Here, knockdown of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU promoted tumor growth and metastasis of GC in vivo. The expression of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU and E-cadherin (epithelial cell marker) was down-regulated in tumors of mice following tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU knockdown, whereas the mesenchymal cell markers N-cadherin and vimentin displayed an opposite trend. Transcriptome sequencing identified 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) down-regulated in the tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU-overexpressed groups compared with the control group. Among them, G-protein–coupled receptor 78 (GPR78), the most significantly down-regulated DEG, was also predicted to be a target of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU. Moreover, tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU could function as a miRNA-like fragment and bind to AGO2 and directly silence GPR78 expression by complementing with the 3

′

-untranslated region of the GPR78 mRNA. Functionally, overexpression of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of MKN-45 cells, whereas GPR78 attenuated these effects. Therefore, our data suggest that tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU functions as a miRNA-like fragment to suppress GPR78 expression and thus inhibit GC progression. These observations suggest that the tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU/GPR78 axis serves as a potential therapeutic target in GC.
Application of Computer and Network Technology in Physical Fitness Work
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: April 2022

Accompanied by the rapid modernization and industrialization of our country, the lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles that are common in western developed countries have increasingly become important risk factors that threaten the health and quality of life of the vast number of Chinese residents. In the government at all levels, sports, public health, and other relevant departments, the emphasis on national physique is increasing day by day. This study focuses on the applications of computer and network technology in physical fitness and research, and makes full use of methods such as literature, expert interview, questionnaire, mathematical statistics, logic analysis, etc., in relevant theoretical literature and materials. Under the guidance, through the current situation analysis of the application of computer and network technology in physical fitness under the conditions of family and community, and the related professional sports and fitness clubs in Chaoyang District of Beijing, a questionnaire is used to systematically discuss the feasibility of the application of the network in physical fitness and the current application status of computer and network technology in physical fitness in China. The research results show that computer and network technology can break the limitation of time and space for physical fitness and provide monitoring and guidance in family, community, and office fitnesses. It has great application prospects in physical fitness work.
Contemporaneous Insufficiency Fractures of Bilateral Femoral Necks in an Older Patient Taking Bisphosphonate: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tagomori Hiroaki , Kaku Nobuhiro , Sato Shota , Hosoyama Tsuguaki , Tsumura Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of simultaneous insufficiency fracture of the bilateral femoral neck in an older patient taking bisphosphonate. Femoral neck fractures frequently occur in older individuals because of traumatic incidents, such as a fall. A 74-year-old woman with osteoporosis was taking raloxifene hydrochloride and bisphosphonate for approximately 5 and 3 years, respectively. Despite no history of falls or any other traumatic incidence, the patient reported cooccurrence of pain on both sides of the hip. Imaging revealed bilateral femoral neck fractures. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation were conducted on the right and left hips, respectively. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient reported gradual disappearance of left hip pain, and a radiograph revealed that the fracture had healed. Overall, clinical and histological findings suggested an atypical fracture, thereby proving that this type of fracture can occur in areas other than the femoral shaft.
Assessment of Cone-Beam Breast Computed Tomography for Predicting Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Shen , Li Sheng , Zhou Chunyan , He Ni , Chen Jieting , Pei Shengting , Li Jiao , Wu Yaopan , Cai Peiqiang
Published: April 2022

Background. Response surveillance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is needed to facilitate treatment decisions. We aimed to assess the imaging features of cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) for predicting the pathologic response of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods. This prospective study included 81 women with locally advanced breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from August 2017 to January 2021. All patients underwent CBBCT before treatment, and 55 and 65 patients underwent CT examinations during the midtreatment (3 cycles) and late-treatment phases (7 cycles), respectively. Clinical information and quantitative parameters such as the diameter, volume, surface area, and CT density were compared between pathologic responders and nonresponders using the

T

–test and the Mann–Whitney

U

test. The performance of meaningful parameters was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity. Results. The quantitative results for the segmented volume, segmented surface area, segmented volume reduction, maximum enhancement ratio, wash-in rate and two-minute enhancement value in the mid- and late-treatment periods had predictive value for pathologic complete response. The area under the curve for the prediction model after multivariate regression analysis was 0.874. Conclusion. After comparing the outcomes of each timepoint, mid- and late-treatment parameters can be used to predict pathologic outcome. The late-treatment parameters showed significant value with a predictive model.
Infection-Induced Elevated Plasma Perampanel in a Patient with Hemimegalencephaly
Authors: Kinoshita Yuya , Ueno Hiroe , Kurata Hirofumi , Ikeda Chizuru , Hori Erika , Okada Takumi , Shimazu Tomoyuki , Fujii Isao , Matsukura Makoto , Imamura Hoseki
Published: April 2022

Perampanel is a noncompetitive, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptor antagonist. Herein, we report a case of increased perampanel plasma concentration and impaired consciousness triggered by an infection. The patient had refractory epilepsy associated with hemimegalencephaly. During adolescence, perampanel (maximum dose, 10 mg, oral), valproic acid, clobazam, and lacosamide were administered for seizure control. He was admitted to our hospital with high fever, impaired consciousness, and elevated perampanel plasma level (from 1,300 to 1,790 ng/mL), but with no increase in the concentration of other antiseizure medications. Further examinations (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, brain magnetic resonance images, and electroencephalogram) revealed no physical cause for impaired consciousness. After discontinuation of perampanel, his level of consciousness gradually improved. The pharmacokinetics of perampanel may be modified by both hemimegalencephaly and infection, resulting in an elevated plasma concentration of perampanel. This case underlines the importance of monitoring perampanel plasma concentration in patients with underlying brain disease who develop an infection.
On Fuzzy

F

∗

-Simply Connected Spaces in Fuzzy

F

∗

-Homotopy
Authors: Madhuri V. , Bazighifan Omar , Ali Ali Hasan , El-Mesady A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the notions of fuzzy

F

∗

-simply connected spaces and fuzzy

F

∗

-structure homeomorphisms are introduced, and further fuzzy

F

∗

-structure homeomorphism between fuzzy

F

∗

-path-connected spaces are studied. Also, it is shown that every fuzzy

F

∗

-structure subspace of fuzzy

F

∗

-simply connected space is fuzzy

F

∗

-simply connected subspace. Further, the concepts of fuzzy

F

∗

-contractible spaces and fuzzy

F

∗

-retracts are introduced, and it is proved that every fuzzy

F

∗

-contractible space is fuzzy

F

∗

-simply connected.
Cyberbullying and School Bullying Are Related to Additive Adverse Effects among Adolescents
Authors: Ossa Fanny Carina , Jantzer Vanessa , Neumayer Franziska , Eppelmann Lena , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine whether (a) cyberbullying has unique associations with mental health problems, risk-taking, and self-harm behavior in victims and perpetrators when compared to school bullying and (b) if cyberbullying is associated with an additional burden for students already involved in school bullying. Methods: Data were collected from 6,561 students across 23 schools in Germany (grades 5–13). The sample was divided into the following four groups: cyber-only involvement (victims = 1.9%, perpetrators = 0.6%), school-only involvement (victims = 17.2%, perpetrators = 11.9%), dual involvement (victims = 5.7%, perpetrators = 2.9%), and noninvolvement (victims = 75.3%, perpetrators = 84.6%). Multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis was conducted to examine group differences in mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, KIDSCREEN-10), risk-taking, and self-harm behavior (e.g., substance use, suicide attempts). Results: Cyber-only bullying had unique associations with mental health problems and risk-taking behavior in victims (lower levels of peer relationship problems: p < 0.001, greater substance use: p < 0.05) and perpetrators (higher levels of peer relationship problems: p < 0.05) when compared to school-only bullying. Dual victims and perpetrators reported significantly more mental health problems (victims: χ2(5) = 221.58, p < 0.001; perpetrators: χ2(5) = 116.40, p < 0.001) and were more likely to report risk-taking and self-harm behavior (victims: χ2(7) = 115.15, p < 0.001; perpetrators: χ2(7) = 38.79, p < 0.001) than students involved in school-only bullying. Conclusion: Cyber-only bullying appears to be related to specific mental health issues beyond those associated with school-only bullying. Cyberbullying and school bullying go along with additive mental health problems, risk-taking, and self-harm behavior in both victims and perpetrators. Thus, bullying prevention and intervention programs should also target cyberbullying.
Population-Based Outcome Data of Extremely Preterm Infants in Germany during 2010–2017
Authors: Bührer Christoph , Heller Günther , Thome Ulrich H.
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: Results of five randomized controlled trials (RCT) sequentially published in 2010–2013 suggested that aiming for higher, as opposed to lower oxygen saturation targets, reduces rates of mortality in infants <28 weeks of gestation, while increasing rates of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Two further RCTs published in 2011 and 2015 demonstrated that avoiding endotracheal intubation by minimally invasive surfactant administration reduces respiratory morbidity. Assuming that such data are likely to affect clinical practice and ultimate outcome, we analyzed population-level results in extremely preterm infants born across Germany during 2010–2017. Methods: We used mandatory German quality surveillance data to compare mortality and morbidities in preterm infants born between 24 weeks 0 days and 27 weeks 6 days of gestation in 2010–2013 versus 2014–2017. Results: Mortality decreased from 15.1% (1,366/9,058) in 2010–2013 to 12.7% (1,385/10,924) in 2014–2017, risk ratio (RR) 0.845 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.784–0.901). Rates of severe ROP (≥grade 3) per survivor increased from 12.1% (930/7,692) to 13.3% (1.269/9,539), RR 1.100 (95% CI: 1.017–1.191). The lowest mortality and highest ROP rates were found in infants born in 2014. There was no change in rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, while those of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) decreased steadily between 2010 and 2017, alongside the increased proportion of infants who were never intubated. Conclusions: There was a moderate decline in mortality, an insignificant increase in severe ROP, and a steady decline of BPD in Germany during 2010–2017. Avoiding endotracheal intubation may have contributed to lowered BPD rates.
Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Loeb Marina Vianna , Ohara Willian Massaharu
Published: April 2022

This study represents an inventory of fish collected in a first order tributary of the Igarapé Piracolina at Chapada dos Parecis, upper Rio Machado drainage, Rio Madeira basin, Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil. The sampled stream is located in moderate altitudes (570-590) m above sea level and it is the type locality of five recently described species. Through fieldwork carried out in four fieldtrips between 2014 and 2015, 966 specimens were captured belonging to 18 species, distributed in nine families and four orders. Most of these species have a restricted distribution in the upper Rio Machado. Characidae was the most representative family both in number of species and specimens. One species is recognized as new and endemic to the region, and belong to the genus Pyrrhulina (Lebiasinidae), while five other species (Ancistrus verecundus, Bryconops piracolina, Hyphessobrycon lucenorum, Moenkhausia cambacica, and M. parecis) are also possibly endemic to the upper Rio Machado basin. In this scenario, our results provide relevant data for the establishment of guiding policies, management decisions and bases for conservation actions in moderate altitude areas of the Amazon basin.
Distância à instituição de ensino e demanda por educação superior
Authors: Araújo Bruna Letícia Ribeiro de , Cardoso Leonardo Chaves Borges
Published: April 2022

A inexistência e falta de proximidade com as instituições de ensino em algumas regiões pode ser vista como fator limitante ao acesso à educação. Este estudo busca analisar o efeito da distância à instituição de ensino na probabilidade de ingresso no ensino superior. As evidências apontam para uma relação negativa entre as variáveis. Adicionalmente, explorando o efeito da criação de instituições de ensino público na demanda por educação, verificou-se que a presença de uma nova instituição tende a aumentar a probabilidade de ingresso na rede pública em 7,7 p.p., enquanto as chances de frequentar o setor privado se reduzem.
The Potential and the Challenges of Digital Evidence in International Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Hellwig Kristina
Published: April 2022

Technological achievements such as mobile phones, computers and the World Wide Web have become an integral part of our lives, and societies and are indispensable to many. These new technologies, and information derived from them, have a great potential to support the fact-finding process in the fields of international criminal law and human rights. Therefore, digital information such as satellite imagery, communication data, and user generated content, for example, videos and photography are becoming essential tools for international criminal investigation. This article examines the characteristics of digital and technology derived evidence and the implications these characteristics have on their use in international criminal procedure. It will illustrate the value and the challenges regarding the inclusion of digital evi dence in international criminal procedure.
Terrorism and Pillar Two Protection Assistance: The Yazidis on Mount Sinjar
Authors: Hornung Josie
Published: April 2022

The last decade has seen an overall increase in mass atrocity crimes being committed by non-state actors, including terrorist groups. A key strength of R2P Pillar Two Protection Assistance lies in its potential for addressing imminent threats of mass atrocity posed by such groups. This article discusses the scope and legitimacy of R2P Pillar Two, its application to non-state actors, and the conditions that enabled limited protection assistance action to be effectively rendered in response to the impending genocide of 40,000 Yazidis trapped on Mount Sinjar in northern Iraq in 2014.
Bixa atlantica sp. nov. (Bixaceae), a new species of wild annatto from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil
Authors: ANTAR GUILHERME MEDEIROS , DE LÍRIO ELTON JOHN , ALMEIDA ROBERTO BAPTISTA PEREIRA , SANO PAULO TAKEO
Published: April 2022

Bixa is a Neotropical genus with four to five species recognized and meaningful economic importance due to Bixa orellana, the source of annatto, widely used as a condiment and food coloring. Despite this importance, the genus has had little attention in recent taxonomic studies, and the principal monograph for the genus is outdated and remains unpublished. In the course of the preparation of the treatment of Bixaceae for the Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil, many specimens identified as Bixa arborea were found, however, they differ from that species in several morphological features, especially in fruit. Instead, these specimens resemble Bixa excelsa; nevertheless, they differ in leaf venation, petal color, fruit color and morphology. These unmatched specimens belong to Bixa atlantica, a new species proposed here, endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Additionally, we provide a distribution map, photograph plates, and phenology graphics for Bixa atlantica and B. excelsa, a preliminary conservation status assessment and comments on the ecology and recognition for the new species.
Innate Immunomodulatory Nanodevices for Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Zhou Yanfeng , Liu Chang , Song Haiyun
Published: April 2022

The newly emerged cancer immunotherapy has shown a great potential in clinical trials. However, most immunotherapeutic strategies focus on restoring and/or enhancing the effector T cell responses, and only a small portion of malignancies respond favorably due to the lacking of T cell
infiltration. Recently, the modulation of innate immune system has been applied as an alternative or combined strategy to improve host anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize recent progress in nanotechnology-based innate immunomodulation for cancer therapy. Firstly, we present various
types of nanodevices that serve to deliver or mimic the reactions of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as bacterial components, viral DNA or viral RNA, for the stimulation of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also introduce nanodevice-mediated
immunogenic cell death (ICD) for the generation of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and improvement of immune responses. Moreover, targeted manipulation of specific types of innate immune cells by nanodevices are discussed. Lastly, we describe typical strategies of combining
innate immunomodulatory nanodevices with immune checkpoint blockade to amplify the anti-tumor efficacy.
Dual-Targeted Fe3O4@MnO2 Nanoflowers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Photothermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic/Chemotherapy for Tumor
Authors: Xiao Hui-Fang , Yu Hui , Wang De-Qiang , Liu Xin-Zheng , Sun Wan-Ru , Li You-Jie , Sun Guang-Bin , Liang Yan , Sun Hong-Fang , Wang Ping-Yu , Xie Shu-Yang , Wang Ran-Ran
Published: April 2022

The construction of high-efficiency tumor theranostic platform will be of great interest in the treatment of cancer patients; however, significant challenges are associated with developing such a platform. In this study, we developed high-efficiency nanotheranostic agent based on ferroferric
oxide, manganese dioxide, hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin (FMDH-D NPs) for dual targeting and imaging guided synergetic photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic/chemotherapy for cancer, which improved the specific uptake of drugs at tumor site by the dual action of CD44 ligand hyaluronic acid and
magnetic nanoparticles guided by magnetic force. Under the acidic microenvironment of cancer cells, FMDH-D could be decomposed into Mn2+ and Fe2+ to generate •OH radicals by triggering a Fenton-like reaction and responsively releasing doxorubicin to kill cancer cells.
Meanwhile, alleviating tumor hypoxia improved the efficacy of chemotherapy in tumors. The photothermal properties of FMDH generated high temperatures, which further accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced effects of chemodynamic therapy. Furthermore, FMDH-D NPs
proved to be excellent T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for monitoring the tumor location. These results confirmed the considerable potential of FMDH-D NPs in a highly efficient synergistic therapy platform for cancer treatment.
Brokers in Disguise: The Joint Effect of Actual Brokerage and Socially Perceived Brokerage on Network Advantage
Authors: Iorio Alessandro
Published: April 2022

Interpersonal networks can be conceptualized not only as actual social structures surrounding individuals but also as cognitive social structures stemming from individuals’ perceptions of those relationships. Yet most research on social networks adopts either a structural or a perceptual perspective. In this article, I blend these two traditions to examine how actual and perceptual brokerage jointly determine innovation performance. I hypothesize that while actual brokerage benefits individuals by exposing them to nonredundant information, socially perceived brokerage—being perceived to bridge groups regardless of one’s actual network configuration—may trigger skepticism of brokers’ motives that could hinder their ability to innovate. Thus I argue that others’ perceptions of a focal actor’s brokerage opportunities constitute a critical contingency underlying network advantage. Using a multimethod approach, including a field study in a global consulting firm and a preregistered experiment, I find that individuals spanning structural holes achieve higher innovation performance when their colleagues perceive them to have closed rather than open networks, and that trust is the underlying mechanism driving this effect. Integrating insights from cognitive social structures into structural holes theory, this study illustrates the importance of considering both structural and perceptual mechanisms in modeling how individuals reap the benefits of brokerage.
Caring for the Patient
Authors: Field Richard J.
Published: April 2022

Is there a simple secret to truly great patient care? Medical science is able to alleviate more diseases and mitigate more suffering than ever before, but physicians are left feeling less respected, more criticized, more judged, and more burned out. Too many patients say we just do not care about them, regardless of the expertise we trained so hard to give to them.

Generational truths and personal experiences from a rural, community-based surgical practice in Mississippi suggest that the art and the science of medicine are inseparable and interdependent. It is indeed possible for a highly trained, teaching surgeon to sit with his patients every Sunday in church, take care of the local football team, and speak at funerals of those he fought to save. This level of emotional agility is a requisite character trait in a rural setting, and one that can serve all surgeons well, no matter where they practice. Genuine compassion and a hand on the shoulder, supported by a foundation of scientific knowledge and clinical judgment, will almost guarantee a strong, trusting bond between doctor and patient. The secret of great patient care is simply caring for the patient
Summary Intervals for Model-Based Classification Accuracy and Consistency Indices
Authors: Gonzalez Oscar
Published: April 2022

When scores are used to make decisions about respondents, it is of interest to estimate classification accuracy (CA), the probability of making a correct decision, and classification consistency (CC), the probability of making the same decision across two parallel administrations of the measure. Model-based estimates of CA and CC computed from the linear factor model have been recently proposed, but parameter uncertainty of the CA and CC indices has not been investigated. This article demonstrates how to estimate percentile bootstrap confidence intervals and Bayesian credible intervals for CA and CC indices, which have the added benefit of incorporating the sampling variability of the parameters of the linear factor model to summary intervals. Results from a small simulation study suggest that percentile bootstrap confidence intervals have appropriate confidence interval coverage, although displaying a small negative bias. However, Bayesian credible intervals with diffused priors have poor interval coverage, but their coverage improves once empirical, weakly informative priors are used. The procedures are illustrated by estimating CA and CC indices from a measure used to identify individuals low on mindfulness for a hypothetical intervention, and R code is provided to facilitate the implementation of the procedures.
Evaluation of fatigue in unidirectional and cross-ply laminated composites using a coupled entropy-kinetic concept
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Khonsari Michael M.
Published: April 2022

A new approach is proposed to evaluate the fatigue life of laminated composites. It uses the concepts of kinetic strength of solid materials and fracture fatigue entropy. The kinetic strength formulation is based on Zhurkov’s model to consider the temperature and time dependence of the strength of solid materials in fatigue loading. The formulation is general and can be applied to any load ratios to predict the entropy accumulation during cyclic loading, stiffness damage, and fatigue life. Cyclic damage is considered as the expended capacity to generate entropy and the concept of fracture fatigue entropy is utilized as a failure criterion. Comparison between the predictions and experimental results on T300/EPL1012 carbon/epoxy composites shows that this model can reliably predict the fatigue life of laminated composites in a uniaxial stress state.
Deathbed Visions: Visitors and Vistas
Authors: Claxton-Oldfield Stephen
Published: April 2022

This review article examines the recent (i.e., since the late-1990s) research on deathbed visions (DBVs). The reviewed material includes the features of DBV experiences, terminology and definitional issues in the literature, and prevalence reports of DBVs by family members/caregivers of dying persons, healthcare professionals, terminally ill patients, hospice palliative care volunteers, and nursing home staff. The impact of DBVs on dying persons, why deathbed visitors appear, and possible explanations for DBVs are also considered. The lessons learned from the literature review include the following: DBVs are common experiences that cannot be easily explained, and they typically have positive impacts on dying persons, not the least of which is lessening the fear of death. The literature review also highlights the need for training and education about DBVs.
Is ACT-Informed Exposure a Viable Treatment for Excoriation Disorder? A Multiple Baseline Study
Authors: Thompson Brian L.
Published: April 2022

This study piloted the use of ACT-informed exposure as an adjunct to habit reversal training (HRT) for excoriation disorder (ExD). Using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline single case design, four participants completed sessions of exposure and HRT. Repeated measures and self-report data were collected on skin picking and psychological flexibility. Two participants completed HRT followed by exposure, and two participants completed exposure followed by HRT. Results support the effectiveness of HRT in reducing picking. Results suggest exposure may have some impact in reducing picking, but effects were weaker compared to HRT. Contrary to predictions, repeated measures and self-report data did not indicate consistent improvement in psychological flexibility during exposure phases. As any reduction in picking may be clinically meaningful and all participants maintained gains at follow-up, there is some indication that exposure may be a second-line treatment worth further study. Limitations and future areas of research are discussed.
How and When Perceptions of Top Management Bottom-Line Mentality Inhibit Supervisors’ Servant Leadership Behavior
Authors: Babalola Mayowa T. , Jordan Samantha L. , Ren Shuang , Ogbonnaya Chidiebere , Hochwarter Wayne A. , Soetan Gbemisola T.
Published: April 2022

Extending existing bottom-line mentality (BLM) perspectives, we provide a new theoretical account of how supervisors’ perceptions of top management BLM influence supervisors’ servant leadership (SL) behavior. Using role theory, we propose that these perceptions inhibit supervisors’ SL behavior by reducing their SL role conceptualization or the extent to which supervisors consider SL part of their work responsibility. Further, given that the process underlying the relationship between perceived top management BLM and supervisor SL behavior may be explained by social learning theory and human adaptive capacity perspectives, we examine the incremental validity of supervisor SL role conceptualization versus supervisor BLM and empathy as mediating mechanisms. We also propose low perspective-taking among supervisors as a boundary condition that exacerbates the negative effect of perceived top management BLM on SL role conceptualization, which then results in less servant leader behavior. Data from two multiwave field studies in China and the United Kingdom provided some support for our hypotheses. Across unique cultural contexts, our findings highlight the value of a role theory perspective in understanding perceptions of top management BLM. We discuss critical theoretical and practical implications of these findings and avenues for subsequent research.
Adolescent Aspirations, Compromise, and Conflict-Resolution
Authors: Lannin Daniel G. , Russell Luke T. , Yazedjian Ani , Parris Leandra N.
Published: April 2022

Whereas adolescents’ intrinsic aspirations are indicative of attending to internal need-satisfaction and may motivate mutually beneficial compromise and conflict-resolution, extrinsic aspirations focus on attaining more concrete external rewards and may exacerbate relational conflict. The present study examined an indirect association between aspirations and positive conflict-resolution via engagement (or anticipated engagement) in compromising behaviors among 364 adolescents (Age in years, M = 15.99, SD = 1.17) experiencing low income and economic marginalization. Results supported our hypothesis. Intrinsic aspirations were directly and positively associated with positive conflict-resolution, and indirectly associated via increased engagement (or anticipated engagement) in compromising behaviors. Conversely, extrinsic aspirations exhibited an indirect negative association. Intrinsic aspirations may cultivate positive conflict-resolution, in part because they may motivate mutually beneficial compromises.