bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ATF4‐regulated LncRNA MALAT1 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via histone demethylase JMJD3: An in vitro study
Authors: Yu Shiwen , Guo Jiajie , Yang Di , Yan Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zeying , Wei Penggong , Qiu Lihong
Published: October 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the upstream regulators and specific mechanisms of metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methodology

Human dental pulp stem cells were isolated and cultured, followed by conducting loss‐ or gain‐of‐function experiments on ATF4 and loss experiments on MALAT1 to elucidate their respective biological functions in odontoblastic differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to uncover the interaction between ATF4‐MALAT1 and MALAT1‐JMJD3, respectively. The odontoblastic differentiation was estimated by the mRNA and protein of DSPP and DMP1, as well as alkaline phosphatase staining.

Results

Expression of MALAT1 was upregulated in the hDPSCs cultured in an odontoblastic medium, and MALAT1 downregulation suppressed the odontoblastic differentiation of the hDPSCs. Subsequent experiments confirmed that ATF4 promoted odontoblastic differentiation and induced MALAT1 expression by binding to the MALAT1 promoter region. Further experiments revealed that nuclear MALAT1 interacted with JMJD3. MALAT1 knockdown decreased the JMJD3 protein level and demethylase activity, and it enhanced H3K27me3 occupancy of the promoter region of DSPP and DMP1, resulting in the inhibition of DSPP and DMP1 transcription. Importantly, JMJD3 overexpression significantly attenuated the inhibition of odontoblastic differentiation induced by MALAT1 knockdown.

Conclusions

ATF4‐regulated MALAT1 plays a positive regulatory role in odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs through JMJD3‐mediated H3K27me3 modifications of the DSPP and DMP1 promoters.
COLLEGE EXPANSION, TRADE, AND INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Ma Xiao
Published: October 2023

China has expanded the yearly quota on newly admitted college students by more than seven times since 1999. How did this massive education expansion affect firms' export and innovation choices? I document that after this expansion impacted the labor market, manufacturing firms' innovation increased considerably, especially among exporting firms, accompanied by sizable skill upgrading of exports. I then develop a multi‐industry spatial equilibrium model, featuring skill intensity differences across industries and heterogeneous firms' innovation and export choices. Quantitatively, the college expansion explained 72% of increases in China's manufacturing research and development (R&D) intensity between 2003 and 2018 and also triggered export skill upgrading.
AN EQUILIBRIUM LABOR MARKET MODEL WITH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REFERRALS
Authors: Lang Youze , Yang Youzhi
Published: October 2023

About 40% of workers find their jobs through referrals. We distinguish between two types of referrals based on whether the referrer works at the hiring firm (internal referrals) or not (external referrals). Interestingly, jobs found through internal (external) referrals pay more (less) than those found through formal methods. An equilibrium labor market model is then built by introducing an incentive‐compatible mechanism through which workers can share job opening information. A nondegenerate wage distribution arises in equilibrium with a wage premium (penalty) for internal (external) referrals. When calibrated, our model can capture these salient features of the U.S. labor market.
Competition in the online platform: impacts of blockchain technology adoption
Authors: Zhou Yongwu , Fu Yushen , Wang Kunyu , Min Jie , Zhang Xiong
Published: October 2023

Consumers typically have a higher preference and trust for traceability products, which makes many online platforms (e.g., JD.com, Tmall Global) and food manufacturers (e.g., BeingMate, Mengniu, Moutai) use blockchain‐enabled traceability to improve product transparency and trust. This paper systematically analyzes the effects of constructing blockchain‐based information traceability systems (BITS) on supply chains led by different members in a dual‐channel supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and an online platform. We studied the optimal operational strategy for dual‐channel members in two scenarios without blockchain technology and different members (i.e., manufacturer and online platform) as leaders in building BITS. We find that BITS adoption can effectively improve the performance of supply chain members, but the value added to blockchain depends on the level of consumer goodwill toward BITS, the level of competition, and the proportion of cost sharing. We show that either the manufacturer or the online platform can be more profitable as a leader in building BITS. Further, we showed that either the manufacturer or the online platform, as the leader of BITS construction, should bear more construction costs so that the nonleader builder can gain more profit to achieve a win‐win result. Interestingly, as the leader of BITS construction bearing more construction costs can achieve higher system total profit.
Jahres‐ und tageszeitliche Verteilung von Schlaf, Komfortverhalten, Lokomotion, Nahrungsaufnahme und aggressivem Verhalten bei juvenilen und adulten Streifengänsen (Anser indicus vorm. Eulabeia indica)
Authors: Würdinger Irene
Published: October 2023

Under semi‐natural conditions, behavioural schedules differ in juvenile and adult Bar‐headed geese and in pairs with and without goslings. Goslings also interfere in the pair's synchronisation of behavioural actions. Three families and two pairs (10 adults and 18 juveniles) were observed. The observations were performed once or twice a month on 2–5 successive days. On these days a family's activities were recorded once every 20 min between sunrise and sunset. The results are discussed with respect to findings in wild‐living Bar‐headed geese and other goose species.
A Serious Suicidal Syndrome Masked by Homicidal Threats
Authors: Rhine Mark W. , Mayerson Peter
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: The individual who talks of killing others, but then kills himself, has received little attention in the psychiatric literature. This paper describes four young men who shared a number of features, including the initial threat of homicide, which the authors feel represent a serious suicidal syndrome. A striking aspect of these cases is the denial of violent potential by all concerned, including the evaluator. The latter's need to deny his own aggressive and hostile impulses may prevent his acknowledging them in others. The paper concludes with recommendations for evaluation of such patients.
The Scandinavian Suicide Phenomenon—Myth or Reality?
Authors: Pokorny Alex D.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This paper reexamines the “Scandinavian Suicide Phenomenon,” the observation that reported suicides are typically high in Denmark and Sweden and typically low in Norway even though these three countries seem otherwise similar. It has been suggested that in Norway more suicides are reported as accidental death or as death due to unknown causes. This paper explores this possibility by means of a detailed examination of causes of death. Nine other countries are included in the comparisons to facilitate interpretation of the findings. It was found that there were significantly higher rates of accidental and unclassified deaths in Norway than in Denmark or Sweden; if it is assumed that many of these are suicide, this could account for the reported differences in suicide rates.
Comparative Psychopathology of Suicide Attempts and Assaults
Authors: Connor Huell E. , Daggett Lorin , Maris Ronald W. , Weiss Sharlene
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Using the Katz Adjustment Scales to measure psycho‐pathology, systematic samples of 108 suicide attempters and 42 persons arrested for assault were tested in Baltimore, Maryland. The subjects' scores were compared with ratings by third‐party respondents, who knew the subjects well, and with scores of 450 controls. Both suicide attempters and assaulters displayed significantly more psychopathology than the controls. The suicide attempters were differentiated from the assaulters on six Katz items: Helplessness, Anxiety, Nervousness, Depression, Stability, and General Psychopathology. An attempt was made to refine prediction and control of these two different life‐threatening behaviors by interpreting the data in terms of Henry and Short's concept of “internal restraint.”
Suicide Past and Present: A Note on Jean Pierre Falret
Authors: Fuller Marielle
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: In 1822 Dr. Jean Pierre Falret published, in French, a scholarly work on suicide. He reported on the number of suicides in the city of Paris and its environs, on the kind of people who become suicidal, and on the treatments, both physical and psychological, that were used for these patients. In this paper, Falret's book is examined for similarities and differences of approaches to the problem of suicide in nineteenth‐century France and in the current scene.
On the Association of Sex and Violence In the Fantasy Production of College Students*
Authors: Gelles Richard J.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates whether there is an association between sexual imagery and violent imagery in stories produced in response to ambiguous Thematic Apperception Test stimuli. In addition, two commonsense assumptions about sex and violence are examined: (a) do men have more sexual imagery than women? and (b) assuming men are more aggressive than women, do they produce fantasies with more violent themes? Thematic Apperception Test protocols administered to 80 college students as part of a study conducted at Syracuse University in the late 1950s were examined using two scoring systems—one for sexual imagery and one for violent imagery. An association between sex and violence was found for men only. The conventional wisdom that all men ever think about is sex was undermined by the finding that men and women do not differ in the production of sexual imagery. In terms of production of violent imagery, men and women also do not differ. The fact that females are less aggressive than men in overt behavior may be a function of social and cultural forces which operate differentially on men and women.
Suicide Survivors: Psychotherapeutic Implications of Egocide*
Authors: Rosen David H.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Interviews with seven of ten known survivors of jumps from the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco‐Oakland Bay Bridge revealed that all of them experienced transcendence and spiritual rebirth phenomena. The psychotherapeutic implications of these findings lie in helping depressed and suicidal individuals confront death in a symbolic and meaningful way. The issue is one of “egocide” (symbolic suicide) and aiding individuals in the rebirth process. In this way actual suicides cen be prevented. When individuals experience partial “deaths” (like loss, failure, rejection, depression, suicidal states, or negative parts of their egos), there is opportunity for “rebirth” (positive transformation, creative change, growth, and significant spiritual reawakening). The therapeutic task is to help individuals differentiate between “ego death” and total death and to discover through the creative process of psychotherapy that overt suicide need not be a solution.

O Compassionate Ones, you who possess the wisdom of understanding, the love of compassion, the power of doing divine deeds and of protecting in comprehensible measure: This person is passing from this world to the next. He is taking a great leap. The light of this world has faded for him. He has entered solitude with his Karmic forces. He has gone into a vast silence. He is borne away by the Great Ocean (of birth and death).

—–The Prayer (Adapted from The Tibetan Book of the Dead, W. Y. Evans‐Wentz, Ed., 1965.)
Some Psychological Reflections on the Death of Malcolm Melville*
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Malcolm Melville died on September 12, 1867, at age 18 from—to quote his death certificate—a “pistol shot wound in [his] right temporal region.” Contemporary designations of the mode of his death changed within hours from suicide, to accident, to death while of unsound mind. Historically, the mode of his death has remained equivocal. In order to approach this enigma a “psychological autopsy” of an equivocal death case as identical to Malcolm Melville's as was possible was conducted as though it were a genuine current “open” case at the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center in 1973. That procedure resulted in a near‐unanimous judgment by the center staff that the most accurate certification of the death as described was “probable suicide,” which would then be certified as “suicide.” In this paper the assertion is made that Herman Melville himself had been a psychologically “battered child” and, in a way typical for battered children, psychologically battered his own children when it came his turn to be a parent. The further assertion is made that, for Malcolm, his father was suicidogenic; and established this penchant in Malcolm (through his neglect, active rejection, fearsomeness, and his fixed attention to his own writing—Redburn, White Jacke, and Moby Dick) within the first 2 years of Malcolm's life. For Malcolm, the psychological basis of his suicidal state was isolated desperation—a ubiquitous characteristic of most suicides. Malcolm had a deep unconscious feeling of not being wanted by his father; that it would be better if he were out of the way, dead. On the morning of his death, the choice for Malcolm was between the memory of his mother's kiss a few hours before and the terror of (and the need to protect himself against) his father's rage to come.
Factors Determining the Incidence of Suicide within Families
Authors: Farber Maurice L.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses itself to the reasons why suicide tends to repeat in some families. Factors include entire family exposure to stresses, grief, and guilt induced by the suicide, the provision of a model by the original suicide, suicidogenic interpersonal styles in families, suicidogenic child‐rearing practice, and innate predispositions to depression.
Styles of Problem Solving in Suicidal Individuals
Authors: Orbach Israel , Bar‐Joseph Hanna , Dror Nirit
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This study compared qualitative aspects of problem solving among suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and nonsuicidal patients. The subjects completed a suicidal intent scale and a problem‐solving task involving three dilemmas. Problem solving was analyzed along eight qualitative categories: versatility of the various solutions, reliance on self versus others, activity versus passivity, confrontation versus avoidance, relevance of the solution to the problem, positive versus negative affect, reference to the future, and extremity of the solution. The statistical analysis yielded differences among the three groups. In general, the solutions of suicidal patients showed less versatility, more avoidance, less relevance, more negative affect, and less reference to the future than the solutions of the nonsuicidal patients. The suicide attempters and nonsuicidal patients offered more active solutions than did the suicide ideators. Our findings emphasize the importance of general coping styles, as well as energetic/motivational aspects and affective aspects of the problem‐solving process. Some applications to therapy are discussed.
Habits of Nervous Tension and Suicide
Authors: Lauslahti Graves Pirkko , Bedell Thomas Caroline
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:In a prospective study of 1,046 male medical students, those who later committed suicide showed a heightened sensitivity in stressful situations as assessed by the Habits of Nervous Tension Questionnaire (HNT). Survival analyses specified 2 of the 25 HNT items as the strongest suicide predictors: Irritability (relative risk 5.5; 95% confidence interval 1.76–17.17) and Urinary Frequency (3.3; 1.07–10.32). No other risk factors for suicide emerged from family background measures or individual medical school measures. It appears that types of sensitivity reflect psychological characteristics that are long‐term precursors of suicide.
Variation in Suicide Occurrence by Time of Day, Day of the Week, Month, and Lunar Phase
Authors: Maldonado George , Kraus Jess F.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Previous studies suggest that suicide occurrence varies by month and day of the week, but not by lunar phase. Variation by time of day has never before been adequately examined; to our knowledge, all previous studies have failed to obtain time‐of‐death information for a large percentage of cases. We examined suicide occurrence among residents of Sacramento County, CA, during the period from 1925 to 1983. Data were abstracted from coroner's autopsy and investigative reports. In contrast to previous studies, data on time of death were available for a large percentage of cases. 4,190 suicide deaths were identified during the study period. Suicide occurrence varied substantially by time of day; for both sexes and for ages under 65 years, the fewest suicide deaths occurred during the early morning hours, from 0401 to 0800. For recent years of the study, suicides occurred most frequently on Monday for both males and females and for most age groups. Variation by month followed no consistent pattern by gender, age, years of the study, or combinations of these factors. Contrary to popular belief, suicide occurrence did not vary by lunar phase.
Sudden Death and Bereavement Outcomes: The Impact of Resources on Grief Symptomatology and Detachment
Authors: Reed Mark D.
Published: October 2023

The study of sudden bereavement focuses almost exclusively on its impact on psychological well‐being. This research broadens our understanding of bereavement outcomes by exploring the effect of grief on family detachment following sudden bereavement. Moreover, this study examines the relative contributions of resources in alleviating grief symptoms and reducing detachment. Data are collected from medical examiner records and mail‐back surveys from family members of victims of suicide and accidental deaths in a large metropolitan area of the United States. A covariance structural equation model allowing for correlated measurement error is estimated using LISREL VII. The results indicate that the most grief‐stricken survivors are more detached from family than those who are least grief‐stricken. Examination of the direct and indirect influences of resources on bereavement outcomes reveals that self‐esteem is the strongest predictor of grief and that it also plays a decisive role in mediating the influences of religious participation and exercise on grief. Expressive support exerts direct effects on both grief and detachment. This research concludes by directing future research to examine more fully the impact of sudden bereavement on marital and family relationships.
Inpatient Standards of Care and the Suicidal Patient. Part I: General Clinical Formulations and Legal Considerations
Authors: Bongar Bruce , Maris Ronald W. , Berman Allan L. , Litman Robert E. , Silverman Morton M.
Published: October 2023

The most common legal action involving psychiatric care is the failure to reasonably protect patients from harming themselves. In this regard it is critical to understand that courts have tended to impose much stricter standards on inpatient than on outpatient care; that at the present time, most malpractice actions involve clinical activities related to inpatient care (negligent admission, treatment, supervision, discharge, etc.). This article reviews the current climate in the legal and clinical formulation of standards of care for hospitalized adult suicidal patients. It suggests general guidelines for effective assessment, management, and treatment procedures that balance the need for high‐quality care by a reasonable and prudent practitioner with the requirements of court‐determined and statutory standards. The authors specifically discuss court cases that show common failure situations in inpatient care, discharge planning, and follow‐up (e.g., problems in pharmacotherapy, the decision to hospitalize, the assessment of imminence and lethality, etc.). The paper also emphasizes the crucial element of clinical judgment in developing any inpatient standard of care.
Sex Differences in Adolescent Suicides in Norway, 1990–1992
Authors: Grøholt Berit , Ekeberg Øivind , Wichstrøm Lars , Haldorsen Tor
Published: October 2023

All suicides in persons under 20 years in Norway in the time period 1990–1992 (99 males, 30 females) were included in a postmortem case‐control study with seven controls for each suicide, focusing on gender differences. Few sex differences between the suicide completers were evident, in spite of the difference in suicide rates (M/F rate ratio = 3.0). Females more often attempted suicide (p= .05), more often wrote farewell notes (p= .03), and used less violent suicide methods (ns). The adjusted risk for suicide related to affective disorders (FemaleOR= 22,1; MaleOR= 24.0, bothp= .000) and disruptive disorders (femaleOR= 14,7,ns; maleOR= 5.0,p= .002) differed little, as did the effect of frequent use of alcohol or substances (femaleOR= 0.4,ns; maleOR= 0.4,ns).
Treatment Adherence among Latina Female Adolescent Suicide Attempters
Authors: Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane , Piacentini John , Van Rossem Ronan , Graae Flemming , Cantwell Coleen , Castro‐Blanco David , Feldman Julie
Published: October 2023

Clinicians must identify factors among suicide‐attempting adolescents and their families that increase treatment adherence. Researchers assessed a consecutive series of 140 disenfranchised Latina adolescents (ages 12–18 years) and their mothers presenting at a large urban emergency room after a suicide attempt by the adolescent. Adherence was examined as it related to service delivery, individual background characteristics, and psychosocial factors (current symptomatology, treatment attitudes). Each factor was found to predict adolescent treatment adherence. Adolescents receiving a specialized emergency room program, those with a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder, and those from single‐parent households attended significantly more therapy sessions compared to their suicide‐attempting peers receiving standard emergency room care. Adolescents with a diagnosis of anxiety disorders and those whose mothers reported more psychopathology and perceived more cohesive family relationships tended to attend significantly fewer treatment sessions. The implications for the delivery of emergency room interventions are discussed.
Toward a Standard of Care for Treating Suicidal Outpatients: A Survey of Social Workers’ Beliefs about Appropriate Treatment Behaviors
Authors: King Ashley , Kovan Rebecca , London Ray , Bongar Bruce
Published: October 2023

This study attempts to establish what reasonable, prudent professionals, named in the standard of care, believe is appropriate treatment for suicidal outpatients. We hope to move toward establishing a standard of care based on actuarial data, rather than after the fact evaluation by experts, judges, and lawyers. Previously, Greaney (1995, doctoral dissertation, Pacific Graduate School, Palo Alto, CA) empirically examined the beliefs of psychologists in appropriately treating suicidal outpatients. Our goal is to broaden the perspective of existing empirical data by examining the beliefs of clinical social workers in treating suicidal outpatients.
The Suicide Survivor's Grief and Recovery
Authors: Knieper Audra J.
Published: October 2023

While official estimates report approximately 30,000 completed suicides each year, some researchers claim the numbers range much higher. Each suicide has severe and prolonged effects on the family members and friends left behind. Those left behind, the survivors of the suicide, tend to experience a very complicated form of bereavement. This is due to the combination of the sudden shock, the unanswered question of “why,” and possibly the trauma of discovering or witnessing the suicide. Survivors’ grief reactions can become even more exacerbated by inappropriate responses from the community to the suicide. A mental health professional can help the survivor through this difficult grieving process by direct and indirect means.
The advocacy process in Canadian community health nursing: A collaborative ethnography
Authors: Mccready Geneviève , Laperrière Hélène
Published: October 2023

Aims

To shed light on the process of advocacy in the context of community health nursing, through a methodology inspired by the epistemologies of the South.

Design

We conducted a collaborative ethnography in a community health centre in Canada.

Methods

de Sousa Santos' epistemologies of the South, a typology of advocacy and main themes from historic research informed the methodology. Data were collected between 2016 and 2018 through 420 h of fieldwork observations and three group discussions, including a collective process to co‐construct interpretations with participants. Twenty‐one nurses participated in the study.

Results

Nurses had sufficient work flexibility to practice advocacy actions focused on individuals and groups. They also engaged in attempts at policy reform in the form of defending access to appropriate care and changing the mode of care organization. However, these were curbed by bureaucracy and administrative rules, resulting in the eventual dismissal of health promotion actions and experiences of moral distress.

Conclusion

Despite the political climate of their work environment impeding social justice agendas, nurses' advocacy practices showed a persistence of moral values and ideals in coherence with the regional nursing legacy.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Acting at the organizational level and involving field nurses in decision making are potential avenues for increasing policy advocacy efficacy.

Impact

Examining contexts through another epistemic lens and methods of research drawing on history and anthropology has shed light on a process of advocacy. This research shows that organizations need to equip themselves with mechanisms to promote the sharing of realities between nurses, thereby building collective advocacy.

Reporting Method

The research adheres to the EQUATOR guidelines with SRQR and COREQ methods.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Estimating multiple years, tributary‐specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture–mark–recapture experiments
Authors: Dauphin Guillaume J. R. , Gillis Carole‐Anne , Chaput Gérald J.
Published: October 2023

Population monitoring of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) abundance is an essential element to understand annual stock variability and inform fisheries management processes. Smolts are the life stage marking the transition from the freshwater to the marine phase of anadromous Atlantic salmon. Estimating smolt abundance allows for subsequent inferences on freshwater and marine survival rates. Annual abundances of out‐migrating Atlantic salmon smolts were estimated using Bayesian models and an 18‐year capture–mark–recapture time series from two to five trapping locations within the Restigouche River (Canada) catchment. Some of the trapping locations were at the outlet of large upstream tributaries, and these sampled a portion of the total out‐migrating population of smolts for the watershed, whereas others were located just above the head of tide of the Restigouche River and sampled the entire run of salmon smolts. Due to logistic and environmental conditions, not all trapping locations were operational each year. Additionally, recapture rates were relatively low (<5%), and the absolute number of recaptures was relatively few (most often a few dozen), leading to incoherent and highly uncertain estimates of tributary‐specific and whole catchment abundance estimates when the data were modeled independently among trapping locations and years. Several models of increasing complexity were tested using simulated data, and the best‐performing model in terms of bias and precision incorporated a hierarchical structure among years on the catchability parameters and included an explicit spatial structure to account for the annual variations in the number of sampled locations within the watershed. When the best model was applied to the Restigouche River catchment dataset, the annual smolt abundance estimates varied from 250,000 to 1 million smolts, and the subbasin estimates of abundance were consistent with the spatial structure of the monitoring programme. Ultimately, increasing the probabilities of capture and the absolute number of recaptures at the different traps will be required to improve the precision and reduce the bias of the estimates of smolt abundance for the entire basin and within subbasins of the watershed. The model and approach provide a significant improvement in the models used to date based on independent estimates of abundance by trapping location and year. Total abundance and relative production in discrete spawning, nesting, or rearing areas provide critical information to appropriately understand and manage the threats to species that can occur at subpopulation spatial scales.
What acoustic telemetry can and cannot tell us about fish biology
Authors: Jacoby David M. P. , Piper Adam T.
Published: October 2023

Acoustic telemetry (AT) has become ubiquitous in aquatic monitoring and fish biology, conservation, and management. Since the early use of active ultrasonic tracking that required researchers to follow at a distance their species of interest, the field has diversified considerably, with exciting advances in both hydrophone and transmitter technology. Once a highly specialized methodology, however, AT is fast becoming a generalist tool for those wishing to study or conserve fishes, leading to diversifying application by non‐specialists. With this transition in mind, we evaluate exactly what AT has become useful for, discussing how the technological and analytical advances around AT can address important questions within fish biology. In doing so, we highlight the key ecological and applied research areas where AT continues to reveal crucial new insights and, in particular, when combined with complimentary research approaches. We provide a comprehensive breakdown of the state of the art for applications of AT, discussing the ongoing challenges, where its strengths lie, and how future developments may revolutionize fisheries management, behavioral ecology and species protection. Through selected papers we illustrate specific applications across the broad spectrum of fish biology. By bringing together the recent and future developments in this field under categories designed to broadly capture many aspects of fish biology, we hope to offer a useful guide for the non‐specialist practitioner as they attempt to navigate the dizzying array of considerations and ongoing developments within this diverse toolkit.
Study on the mechanism of local compression bruising in kiwifruit based on FEM
Authors: Mao Peixuan , Xie Zhiping , Wang Junhao , Guo Jialing , Sun Manyu
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the relationship between local compression and local bruise volume of kiwifruits by means of finite element method (FEM). The effects of four indenter shapes and three compression directions on the local kiwifruit bruise were considered. The local bruise volume and the irregular cross section area of kiwifruit were calculated. Multi‐scale kiwifruit 3D modelling based on irregular cross‐sectional area computed by slice‐integration method. Local compression bruise was simulated by FEM. The results of the local bruise test show that the contact force and the bruise volume of kiwifruit are positive linear correlation. Comparing the simulation with the experimental, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the reconstructed model is 0.0394, and the R2 of contact force–bruise volume curve is 0.8203. The maximum equivalent forces and abrasions occur in the 0° and 90° loading directions with the square indenter has been showed by FEM results.

Practical applications

Se‐enriched kiwifruit has high nutrition and economic value. Kiwifruits are often influenced by a variety of factors and processes from harvest to consumption time. Cleaning, transport, and various processing operations including peeling and slicing in the kiwifruit industry are responsible for local bruise to kiwifruit. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of local bruise caused by local contact force of kiwifruit plays an important role in reducing kiwifruit waste in the postharvest stage. Local bruise mechanisms can be used in harvesting and post‐harvest mechanical design and product transportation and positioning equipment.
Heterozygous NF1 dermal fibroblasts modulate exosomal content to promote angiogenesis in a tissue‐engineered skin model of neurofibromatosis type‐1
Authors: Roy Vincent , Paquet Alexandre , Touzel‐Deschênes Lydia , Khuong Hélène T. , Dupré Nicolas , Gros‐Louis Francois
Published: October 2023

Neovascularization is a critical process in tumor progression and malignant transformation associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Indeed, fibroblasts are known to play a key role in the tumoral microenvironment modification by producing an abundant collagenous matrix, but their contribution in paracrine communication pathways is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that NF1 heterozygosis in human dermal fibroblasts could promote angiogenesis through exosomes secretion. The purposes of this study are to identify the NF1 fibroblast‐derived exosome protein contents and to determine their proangiogenic activity. Angiogenic proteome measurement confirmed the overexpression of VEGF and other proteins involved in vascularization. Tube formation of microvascular endothelial cells was also enhanced in presence of exosomes derived from NF1 skin fibroblasts. NF1 tissue‐engineered skin (NF1‐TES) generation showed a significantly denser microvessels networks compared to healthy controls. The reduction of exosomes production with an inhibitor treatment demonstrated a drastic decrease in blood vessel formation within the dermis. Our results suggest that NF1 haploinsufficiency alters the dermal fibroblast function and creates a pro‐angiogenic signal via exosomes, which increases the capillary formation. This study highlights the potential of targeting exosome secretion and angiogenesis for therapeutic interventions in NF1.

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Running, jumping, hunting, and scavenging: Functional analysis of vertebral mobility and backbone properties in carnivorans
Authors: Belyaev Ruslan I. , Nikolskaia Polina , Bushuev Andrey V. , Panyutina Aleksandra A. , Kozhanova Darya A. , Prilepskaya Natalya E.
Published: October 2023

Carnivorans are well‐known for their exceptional backbone mobility, which enables them to excel in fast running and long jumping, leading to them being among the most successful predators amongst terrestrial mammals. This study presents the first large‐scale analysis of mobility throughout the presacral region of the vertebral column in carnivorans. The study covers representatives of 6 families, 24 genera and 34 species. We utilized a previously developed osteometry‐based method to calculate available range of motion, quantifying all three directions of intervertebral mobility: sagittal bending (SB), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). We observed a strong phylogenetic signal in the structural basis of the vertebral column (vertebral and joint formulae, length proportions of the backbone modules) and an insignificant phylogenetic signal in most characteristics of intervertebral mobility. This indicates that within the existing structure (stabilization of which occurred rather early in different phylogenetic lineages), intervertebral mobility in carnivorans is quite flexible. Our findings reveal that hyenas and canids, which use their jaws to seize prey, are characterized by a noticeably elongated cervical region and significantly higher SB and LB mobility of the cervical joints compared to other carnivorans. In representatives of other carnivoran families, the cervical region is very short, but the flexibility of the neck (both SB and LB) is significantly higher than that of short‐necked odd‐toed and even‐toed ungulates. The lumbar region of the backbone in carnivorans is dorsomobile in the sagittal plane, being on average ~23° more mobile than in artiodactyls and ~38° more mobile than in perissodactyls. However, despite the general dorsomobility, only some representatives of Canidae, Felidae, and Viverridae are superior in lumbar flexibility to the most dorsomobile ungulates. The most dorsomobile artiodactyls are equal or even superior to carnivorans in their ability to engage in dorsal extension during galloping. In contrast, carnivorans are far superior to ungulates in their ability to engage ventral flexion. The cumulative SB in the lumbar region in carnivorans largely depends on the mode of running and hunting. Thus, adaptation to prolonged and enduring pursuit of prey in hyenas is accompanied by markedly reduced SB flexibility in the lumbar region. A more dorsostable run is also a characteristic of the Ursidae, and the peculiar maned wolf. Representatives of Felidae and Canidae have significantly more available SB mobility in the lumbar region. However, they fully engage it only occasionally at key moments of the hunt associated with the direct capture of the prey or when running in a straight line at maximum speed.
The effectiveness of nurse‐led care in supporting self‐management in patients with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Lanfear Claire , Harding Sam
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives

To determine the impact of nurse‐led follow‐up care supporting self‐management of people who have had or have cancer.

Background

Cancer care is evolving towards enabling people to self‐manage the impact of cancer, treatment and overall care on their quality of life (QoL), self‐efficacy and distress.

Design

A systematic review following Joanna Briggs Institution (JBI) guidance and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement was undertaken.

Methods

Four databases were searched, OVID Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Embase. Quantitative randomised control trials with people who have or have had cancer accessing nurse‐led care or nurse‐led intervention, undertaken within secondary care were included. Narrative synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity of measures used and time points of assessment.

Results

Seven papers were included in the final review, all meeting moderate to high‐quality appraisal. Only one study found an impact of nurse‐led care on all three factors under investigation, with a further two studies finding an effect on distress. The remaining studies did not find an impact of the intervention.

Conclusion

Clinical Nurse Specialists are well placed to provide follow‐up care for people with cancer, but in relation to QoL, self‐efficacy and distress, there is limited evidence of effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions.

Public or patient contribution

This systematic review did not have any public or patient contribution.

Relevance to clinical practice

Cancer care is moving to a chronic care, self‐management model. Clinical nurse specialists are well placed to innovate interventions that assist people with cancer to self‐manage.
Effects of the antipsychotic quetiapine on sleep and breathing: a review of clinical findings and potential mechanisms
Authors: Fauska Cricket , Bastiampillai Tarun , Adams Robert J. , Wittert Gary , Eckert Danny J. , Loffler Kelly A.
Published: October 2023

Quetiapine is an antipsychotic medication indicated for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, quetiapine also has hypnotic properties and as such is increasingly being prescribed at low doses ‘off‐label’ in people with insomnia symptoms. Pharmacologically, in addition to its dopaminergic properties, quetiapine also modulates multiple other transmitter systems involved in sleep/wake modulation and potentially breathing. However, very little is known about the impact of quetiapine on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), OSA endotypes including chemosensitivity, and control of breathing. Given that many people with insomnia also have undiagnosed OSA, it is important to understand the effects of quetiapine on OSA and its mechanisms. Accordingly, this concise review covers the existing knowledge on the effects of quetiapine on sleep and breathing. Further, we highlight the pharmacodynamics of quetiapine and its potential to alter key OSA endotypes to provide potential mechanistic insight. Finally, an agenda for future research priorities is proposed to fill the current key knowledge gaps.
Increased plasma DR‐70 (fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products) concentrations as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with neoplasms
Authors: Ke Chiao‐Hsu , Sio Ka‐Mei , Wu Chun‐Hung , Xia Yuan‐Yuan , Lee Jih‐Jong , Hu Chin‐Hao , Liu Cheng‐Chi , Lu Chueh‐Ling , Cheng Chiao‐Lei , Lin Keng‐Hsuan , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Wang Yu‐Shan , Lin Chen‐Si
Published: October 2023

Background

Tumor biomarkers have used widely in clinical oncology in human medicine. Only a few studies have evaluated the clinical utility of tumor biomarkers for veterinary medicine. A test for fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (DR‐70) has been proposed as an ideal biomarker for tumors in humans. The clinical value of DR‐70 for veterinary medicine however has yet to be determined.

Objectives

Investigate the diagnostic value of DR‐70 concentrations by comparing them between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors.

Animals

Two hundred sixty‐three dogs with different types of tumors were included. Sixty healthy dogs also were recruited for comparison.

Methods

The DR‐70 concentrations were measured in all recruited individuals by ELISA. Clinical conditions were categorized based on histopathology, cytology, ultrasound examination, radiology, clinical findings, and a combination of these tests.

Results

The median concentration of DR‐70 was 2.130 ± 0.868 μg/mL in dogs with tumors, which was significantly higher than in healthy dogs (1.202 ± 0.610 μg/mL; P < .0001). With a cut‐off of 1.514 μg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of DR‐70 were 84.03% and 78.33%, respectively. The area under curve was 0.883. The DR‐70 concentration can be an effective tumor biomarker in veterinary medicine.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Increased DR‐70 concentrations were not affected by tumor type, sex, age, or body weight. However, in dogs with metastatic mast cell tumors and oral malignant melanoma, DR‐70 concentrations were significantly increased. Additional studies, including more dogs with nonneoplastic diseases, are needed to further evaluate the usefulness of DR‐70 as a tumor biomarker.
PPARβ/δ activation protects against hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Qian Baolin , Wang Chaoqun , Li Xiaozhuang , Ma Panfei , Dong Liqian , Shen Benqiang , Wu Huibo , Li Nana , Kang Kai , Ma Yong
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a pathophysiological process that occurs during the liver resection and transplantation. Reportedly, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) can ameliorate kidney and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PPARβ/δ in HIRI remains unclear.

Methods

Mouse hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) models were constructed for in vivo study. Primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from mice and cell anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury model were constructed for in vitro study. Liver injury and inflammation were investigated. Small molecular compounds (GW0742 and GSK0660) and adenoviruses were used to interfere with PPARβ/δ.

Results

We found that PPARβ/δ expression was increased in the I/R and A/R models. Overexpression of PPARβ/δ in hepatocytes alleviated A/R‐induced cell apoptosis, while knockdown of PPARβ/δ in hepatocytes aggravated A/R injury. Activation of PPARβ/δ by GW0742 protected against I/R‐induced liver damage, inflammation and cell death, whereas inhibition of PPARβ/δ by GSK0660 had the opposite effects. Consistent results were obtained in mouse I/R models through the tail vein injection of adenovirus‐mediated PPARβ/δ overexpression or knockdown vectors. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of PPARβ/δ in KCs aggravated and ameliorated A/R‐induced hepatocyte injury, respectively. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis showed that PPARβ/δ deletion was significantly enriched in the NF–κB pathway. PPARβ/δ inhibited the expression of p‐IKBα and p‐P65 and decreased NF–κB activity.

Conclusions

PPARβ/δ exerts anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects on HIRI by inhibiting the NF–κB pathway, and hepatocytes and KCs may play a synergistic role in this phenomenon. Thus, PPARβ/δ is a potential therapeutic target for HIRI.
Gastrointestinal cancers in lean individuals with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Souza Matheus , Diaz Ivanna , Barchetta Ilaria , Mantovani Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims

Obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are known risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, GI carcinogenesis in lean NAFLD patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to investigate the association between lean NAFLD and GI cancer risk.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched (from inception date to April 2023) for cohort studies assessing GI cancers in lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2 or < 23 kg/m2 in Asians) and non‐lean (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians) NAFLD individuals. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and meta‐analysis was carried out using a random effects model to obtain risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, meta‐regressions and sensitivity analyses were also performed. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023420902).

Results

Eight studies with 56,745 NAFLD individuals (11% were lean) and 704 cases of incident GI cancers were included. Lean NAFLD was associated with higher risk of hepatic (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.73), pancreatic (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.01–3.86) and colorectal cancers (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12–2.09), compared to non‐lean NAFLD. No significant differences were observed for oesophagus, gastric, biliary and small intestine cancers.

Conclusions

This study shows that lean NAFLD patients have an increased risk of liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers compared to non‐lean NAFLD patients, emphasizing the need to explore tailored cancer prevention strategies for this specific patient group. Further research is required to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between lean NAFLD and specific GI cancers.