bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domesticar lo público para generar lo colectivo: habitando las escalas intermedias del edificio atrio-patio
Authors:   , Bazán Faúndez Sofía Isidora
Published: October 2023

La presente tesis investiga cómo el atrio, en su condición pública, suple la necesidad de algún componente urbano típico de la ciudad (calle, plaza, parque, etc.), ofreciendo una posible solución a la problemática del aislado habitar contemporáneo. Para ello, la tipología del atrio es cuestionada desde sus principios para proponer un nuevo modo de habitar que promueva la cohesión social y genere un nuevo colectivo desde la participación activa con la comunidad. Haciendo uso de la investigación y análisis histórico de la tipología del atrio, se rastrean sus orígenes hasta la tipología del patio y su condición doméstica, asumiendo una postura crítica ante la pérdida de esta condición íntima en favor del habitar público del edificio-ciudad. Los capítulos presentan una reflexión sobre esta transformación histórica, distinguiendo entre atrio y patio y analizando las dinámicas de uso en casos aplicados. Finalmente, la tesis culmina con una propuesta de proyecto que responde ante las reflexiones planteadas en el documento, abriendo la discusión teórica sobre los alcances de la propuesta y su aplicabilidad para reformular las dinámicas del habitar contemporáneo.
Sistemas abovedados de material ligero para unidades de vivienda colectiva: micelio y materiales lignocelulósicos para el uso en estructuras portantes
Authors:   , Cruz Isadora
Published: October 2023

El siguiente trabajo busca explorar las posibilidades del uso del micelio para generar componentes constructivos, poniendo en valor un material con una baja huella ecológica, biodegradable y que responde a criterios de economía circular. Esto se enmarca en la creciente crisis habitacional del país y la necesidad de construir en gran volumen y poco tiempo, lo que permite cuestionar los actuales sistemas constructivos utilizados con el fin de dar soluciones habitacionales efectivas, los cuales son altamente contaminantes, requieren gran cantidad de energía para su elaboración, y generan deshechos que no pueden ser de vueltos a la naturaleza, agregando dentro de la problemática el factor medioambiental. A partir de un entendimiento del proceso de fabricación de los componentes de micelio y sustratos lignocelulósicos, su caracterización material y aplicabilidad, se explora la posibilidad de proyectar un nuevo sistema constructivo, con un material de baja huella ecológica. Esta materialidad se concibe como un análogo al poliestireno expandido pero biodegradable; al ser una espuma este tiene una serie de restricciones de diseño para que sea posible generar soluciones portantes, como grandes espesores y nula resistencia a tracción, por otro lado, es un excelente aislante y al utilizar espesores mayores esto implica una baja en el requerimiento térmico de la vivienda y en su demanda energética a lo largo de la vida útil del edificio. En el desarrollo del trabajo se discutirá tanto las ventajas ecológicas de la utilización de métodos constructivos alternativos como una aproximación a un sistema constructivo fabricado a partir de biomateriales de micelio, sus condiciones de diseño, comportamiento estructural y aplicaciones arquitectónicas.
La casa patronal: un sistema abierto: continuidades y y potencialidades contemporáneas en el caso de El Huique
Authors:   , Reuse Hoppe Andrea
Published: October 2023

En arquitectura, un sistema abierto supone la existencia de un orden general de transformación en un edificio, donde la estructura nace de uno o varios elementos originales y es capaz de crecer o decrecer siempre siguiendo esa misma lógica. En Chile, las casas patronales del Valle Central se presentan como un sistema arquitectónico complejo y abierto, capaz de ampliarse, reformarse o alterar espacios o elementos sin perder su orden original. Estas casas surgieron en el contexto rural de las haciendas durante la Colonia Española, período donde se determinó la estructura económica, social y territorial de Chile. La casa patronal de San José del Carmen del Huique en Colchagua fue un conjunto construido en una serie de etapas, siendo la primera en 1830. Fue propiedad del presidente Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1896 – 1901) y décadas más tarde declarada Monumento Nacional (1971). Esta casa llegó a ser una de las más grandes del país y, por lo tanto, un caso ejemplar de la lógica abierta de las casas patronales. A lo largo de su historia, a medida que las necesidades y los recursos de la hacienda aumentaban, el conjunto sufrió múltiples transformaciones y albergó una gran variedad de programas. Sin embargo, en la actualidad su sistema se encuentra cerrado. Una sumatoria de procesos históricos ocurridos en las últimas décadas hoy revelan subdivisión, abandono y deterioro material en el antiguo conjunto. Un sector fue restaurado y transformado en museo, mientras que el otro quedó en ruinas después del terremoto del 2010. Así existe, por un lado, un congelamiento de las áreas restauradas y, por otro, abandono de las demás áreas. Es paradójica la manera en que se ha tratado la casa de El Huique en relación con su sistema arquitectónico. Asociado a su proceso de transformación parcial en museo, ha comenzado a operar un criterio arqueológico, donde tanto los bienes materiales como la arquitectura se tratan como vestigios de una cultura desaparecida y entonces, fuentes de información que deben ser expuestas tal cual fueron. Las casas patronales siendo un sistema abierto hoy se tratan como enclaves cerrados, limitando su intrínseca capacidad adaptativa a nuevos escenarios de uso que permitan pervivencia y utilidad.
“Memoria y subsuelo”: caso Nueva Las Condes
Authors:   , Díaz Villarroel Macarena
Published: October 2023

El barrio Nueva Las Condes ubicado en la comuna de Las Condes en Santiago de Chile está casi en su totalidad definido por edificios de oficinas, placas comerciales y en su alrededor, edificios de vivienda de alta renta. Sin embargo, hay un sector ajeno a las características ya mencionadas; se aprecia casi como una imperfección, una ruina o huella respecto a toda la opulencia programática de este barrio. Estamos hablando del emblemático monumento nacional: La Villa San Luis. En esta investigación se planteará de qué forma se rescatará este vestigio histórico y social, que en la actualidad se encuentra descontextualizado y cuáles serán los desafíos que se presentarán a la hora de proyectar e intervenir este sector y así generar una relación armoniosa con el lugar, esto gracias a un programa que aglutine esta dicotomía. Esto se logrará mediante un proyecto integral de uso mixto, compuesto por el diseño de un memorial, la liberación del suelo y la construcción desde el subsuelo, los cuales estarán compuestos con diferentes programas que permitirán relacionar el monumento con este mundo actual de negocios y oficinistas; mediante el diseño de una escuela de negocios y una nueva torre con un multiprograma (oficina/coworking, multifamily y vivienda de integración social) que permita cumplir con la constructibilidad requerida en este sector de alta renta y valor de suelo. Todas estas variables permitirán eliminar la estigmatización del estrato de subsuelo y a la vez, la condición de ruina y abandono en la cual se encuentra la Villa San Luis.
Does permanent crops and irrigation process alter the physical nature of soils?: a perspective from multiparametric geophysical observations
Authors:   , Lizarde Garrido Catalina Constanza
Published: October 2023

Una forma de luchar contra el cambio climático es comprender la zona crítica (CZ), el lugar donde ocurren los procesos esenciales para la vida. En este sentido, esta tesis se centra en la respuesta del suelo ante la presencia de procesos agrícolas de primer orden como cultivos, riego y manejo del suelo. Las técnicas tradicionales (FDR, sondeos, etc.) proporcionan información puntual e ignoran las heterogeneidades laterales. Para superar estas limitaciones, utilicé una combinación de métodos geofísicos: eléctrico y electromagnético; polarización inducida (IP); y refracción sísmica de alta resolución. Este enfoque geofísico integrado, calibrado mediante observaciones en un pozo de prueba, proporciona una estimación de los parámetros petrofísicos (por ejemplo, porosidad, contenido de agua). Medí dos sitios de cultivo permanente de manzanos (MAN) y almendros (ALM) y los comparé con un sitio sin cultivos (VIR). Los principales resultados mostraron que la intervención del suelo con fines agrícolas genera un incremento en el contenido de arcilla en el primer metro. Comparando zonas con y sin cultivos permanentes observé un aumento de 4 veces en el contenido de arcilla en áreas de cultivos activos, muy probablemente debido al uso de fertirriego y producción de biomasa. La perturbación del suelo por la actividad de los cultivos incluye zonas de mayor y menor porosidad asociadas a canales preferenciales condicionados por raíces y riego por goteo. Por otro lado, el uso de maquinaria pesada y el manejo del suelo genera un incremento en la compactación y puede homogeneizar el suelo. El uso de esta metodología geofísica integrada debería aplicarse a otros tipos de huertos para lograr una mayor comprensión de la CZ y la planificación y gestión de las plantaciones de cultivos. Para trabajos futuros sugiero el estudio en lapsos de tiempo más pequeños para ver procesos de tiempo más acotados, la implementación de XRF para diferenciar tipos de arcilla y el estudio de un sitio en continuo durante una década para ver los cambios en exactamente el mismo terreno.
Newsprint representation of the alcohol sales bans during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Theron Marieke , Harker Nadine , Swart Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2023

Aims: Content analysis of newspapers covering the alcohol sales bans during Covid-19 in South Africa.

Methods: Mixed method content analysis of the highest circulated, paid for, English language newspapers published by four newspaper outlets in South Africa, between 26 February to 26 September 2020 (seven months).

Setting: South African Bibliographic Information Network (Sabinet) and Arena Holdings Media databases were used.

Participants: 317 newspaper articles were identified for analysis from four newspapers: Sunday Times (Arena Holdings), Daily Sun (Naspers), The Star (Independent Media) and the Mail and Guardian (Media Development Investment Fund).

Measures: Qualitative data: a structured coding frame was used to identify themes. Quantitative data: date, agency, placement/page number in the newspaper, number of graphics, words in heading and in article and whether the article was based on opinion or fact. The media vectors: framing, responsibility and newspaper media exposure were calculated.

Findings: Articles were predominantly unfavourable toward the alcohol sales bans, indicated that government should take responsibility for prevention of harmful alcohol use, and focused mainly on the negative economic impact of the alcohol sales bans.

Conclusions: News agencies should make a concerted effort to ensure balanced reporting on matters of health and put measures in place to prevent undue influence on journalists by large corporations, such as the alcohol industry.
ARTIK HER ŞEHİRDE BİR MÜZE OLACAK: ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ’NDE HALKEVLERİNİN MÜZECİLİK ÇALIŞMALARI
Authors: YAŞAR Hakan
Published: October 2023

Çok köklü bir tarihî miras devralan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin bu tarimirası koruyup gelecek kuşaklara aktarabilmesi için müzeler hayati öneme sahipti. Bu doğrultuda devletin kuruluşundan itibaren müzecilik alanında önemli adımlar atıldı. Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Türk müzeciliğinin gelişiminde 1932-1951 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren halkevleri önemli bir dönüm noktası oldu. Halkevlerinin dokuz çalışma şubesinden biri olan müze ve tarih şubelerine, müzesi olmayan şehirlerde müze kurma, mevcut müzelerin koleksiyonlarına katkı sağlama, bulundukları bölgedeki tarihî eserleri tespit ederek envanterini çıkarıp koruma altına alma gibi görevler verildi. Halkta tarih ve tarihî eser bilinciyle müze kültürü oluşturmak da halkevlerinin bu alandaki sorunlulukları arasındaydı. Bu doğrultuda bazı halkevleri tarafından genel müzeler kurulurken bazıları tarafından da tematik müzeler açıldı ve bu tematik müzeler arasında inkılâp müzeleri de yer aldı. Ayrıca halkevleri, araştırma gezisi, bağış ya da satın alma yoluyla temin ettiği binlerce eseri yok olmaktan kurtararak müzelerin envanterine kazandırdı. Türk müzecilik tarihi ve halkevlerinin kurum tarihi literatürüne katkı sağlaması amaçlanan bu çalışmada, dönem kaynaklarından istifade edilerek halkevlerinin Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk müzeciliğine katkıları incelenmektedir.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ TÜRK İÇ VE DIŞ POLİTİKASININ PSİKOPOLİTİK ANALİZİ: Çağdaş Uygarlık Hedefinde Devrim Temelli İç Politika ile Temkinli/Tedbirli Nötralite’ye Dayalı Dış Politika
Authors: KANTARCI Şenol
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada Atatürk dönemi Türk iç ve dış politikası Politik Psikoloji çerçevesinde incelenmiş ve bu dönemde karar alma mekanizmasına etki eden psikolojik motivasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun çöküş dönemi içerisinde devleti kurtarma arayışları, -Fransız İhtilali’nin etkisiyle başlayan ve XIX. yüzyıl boyunca devam eden- iç isyanlar, Trablusgarp Savaşı, Balkan Savaşları/felaketi, Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve İstiklâl Savaşı süreci içerisinde yetişmiş, olgunlaşmış kadroların en önemli amacı olmuştur. Söz konusu dönem aynı zamanda büyük bir heyecanla 23 Nisan 1920’de yeni Türk devletini kurmuş olan kadroları motive eden, tarihi, kültürel, dini, siyasi ve psikolojik faktörlerin izlerini taşır. Bu nedenle, yeni Türk devletinin temellerinin inşası sürecinde gerek iç gerekse dış politikada bugün bile halen karşılaşılan etnik, dinsel, kültürel veya politik sorunlara karşı karar vericilerin takındıkları tutum ve davranışları ile onların psikolojisini anlayabilmek ve analiz etmek için de önemlidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma da Atatürk dönemi Türk iç ve dış politikasının psikolojisini anlamaya yönelik bir deneme şeklinde hazırlanmıştır.
A Curious Case of Intermittent Negative Deflections Preceding the QRS Complexes
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Tomcsányi Kristóf , Bózsik Béla
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 60s who developed apparent abnormal Q waves and severe hypomagnesemia while receiving chemotherapy for metastatic rectal carcinoma.
Nirmatrelvir and Molnupiravir and Post–COVID-19 Condition in Older Patients
Authors: Fung Kin Wah , Baye Fitsum , Baik Seo H. , McDonald Clement J.
Published: October 2023

This observational cohort study assesses the occurrence of post–COVID-19 condition symptoms in Medicare enrollees prescribed nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir.
Histologic Anatomy of Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Saad Ali G. , Shah Ashish H.
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a 23-year-old male patient with tonic-clonic seizure and subsequent treatment with anthelmintic therapy.
Decision‐Making Around COVID‐19 Public Health Measures and Implications for Self‐Care Activities: Experiences of Persons With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Leese Jenny , Therrien Stephanie , Ramachandran Smruthi , Backman Catherine L. , Ma Jasmin K. , Koehn Cheryl L. , Hoens Alison M. , English Kelly , Davidson Eileen , McQuitty Shanon , Gavin James , Adams Jo , Li Linda C.
Published: October 2023

Objective

We aimed to advance understanding of how persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience decision‐making about adopting public health measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Persons living with RA partnered throughout this nested qualitative study. One‐to‐one semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with participants with RA between December 2020 and December 2021. They were strategically sampled from a randomized controlled trial that was underway to test a physical activity counseling intervention. Analysis was guided by reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Thirty‐nine participants (aged 26–86 years; 36 women) in British Columbia, Canada were interviewed. We developed three themes. Participants described how their decision‐making about public health measures related to 1) “upholding moral values of togetherness” because decisions were intertwined with moral values of neighborliness and reciprocity. Some adapted their self‐care routines to uphold these moral values; 2) “relational autonomy—supports and challenges,” because they sometimes felt supported and undermined in different relational settings (eg, by family, local community, or provincial government); and 3) “differing trust in information sources,” in which decisions were shaped by the degree of faith they had in various information sources, including their rheumatologists.

Conclusion

Across themes, experiences of decision‐making about public health measures during the pandemic were embedded with moral concepts of solidarity, autonomy, and trust, with implications for how persons with RA chose and sustained their self‐care activities. Insights gained help sensitize researchers and clinicians to moral issues experienced by persons with RA, which may inform support for self‐care activities during and after the pandemic.

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Unlocking the Origins of Highly Reversible Lithium Storage and Stable Cycling in a Spinel High‐Entropy Oxide Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Shisheng , Su Lin , Wang Shuai , Cui Yujie , Cao Junzhang , Min Huihua , Bao Jingze , Shen Yanbin , Zhang Qichong , Sun Zhefei , Zhu Chongyang , Chen Jing , Zhang Qiaobao , Xu Feng
Published: October 2023

Developing high‐capacity conversion‐type anodes with superior durability substituting conventional graphite anodes is urgently desired to improve the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, fatal capacity decay during cycling of the conversion‐type anodes, which is primarily due to their inevitable structural degradation and continuous solid‐electrolyte interphase reformation induced by drastic volume change, has highly restricted their commercialization. And, the interrelated effects of phase transformation, structural evolution, and electrochemical characteristics of the conversion‐type anodes during cycling remain poorly understood. Herein, the findings on the fabrication and understanding of a previously unexplored entropy‐stabilized spinel oxide, (Co0.2Mn0.2V0.2Fe0.2Zn0.2)3O4 as a promising conversion anode for LIBs, exhibiting not only moderate volume change character but also highly reversible capacities of ≈900 mAh g−1 for 500 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and ≈500 mAh g−1 for 2000 cycles at 3 A g−1, respectively, are reported. Evidenced by in situ transmission electron microscopy coupled with theoretical calculations, its underlying mechanism underpinning highly reversible Li storage is explicitly revealed, which originates from reversible phase transformation and domain reconstruction during cycling. Moreover, the origin of small volume change is also clearly clarified. This work provides renewed mechanistic insights into designing high‐capacity and durable conversion‐type electrode materials for high‐performance LIBs.
Ultralow Off‐State Current and Multilevel Resistance State in Van der Waals Heterostructure Memristors
Authors: Liu Xinling , Zhang Chi , Li Enlong , Gao Caifang , Wang Ruixue , Liu Yu , Liu Fucai , Shi Wu , Yuan Yahua , Sun Jian , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chu Junhao , Li Wenwu
Published: October 2023

Memristors based on 2D semiconductors hold great promise due to their atomic‐level thickness and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, a significant challenge lies in suppressing the large off‐state current, which leads to additional standby power consumption. Here, a simple and versatile method is presented to address this issue by introducing a thin h‐BN interlayer between 2D semiconductors and the electrodes. The thickness of the h‐BN interlayer serves as a pivotal parameter for modulating the interfacial Schottky barrier, thereby influencing the off‐state current level. This fabricated graphene/α‐In2Se3/h‐BN/Cr‐Au memristor, forming a van der Waals heterostructure, exhibits unipolar resistive switching behavior. Remarkably, the memristor incorporating an 8 nm h‐BN interlayer showcases an ultralow off‐state current of 4.2 × 10−13 A, five orders of magnitude lower than that without the h‐BN interlayer. It also achieves a current switching on/off ratio of up to 109 and realizes 32 distinct resistance states, enabling robust multi‐bit memory capabilities. Excellent stability and durability are maintained due to the self‐encapsulation of the h‐BN interlayer. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to memristors built on HfS2, WS2, and WSe2, highlighting its broad potential for technological applications.
Routes to Electrochemically Stable Sulfur Cathodes for Practical Li–S Batteries
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Hanxi , Ai Xinping
Published: October 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been investigated intensively as a post‐Li‐ion technology in the past decade; however, their realizable energy density and cycling performance are still far from satisfaction for commercial development. Although many extremely high‐capacity and cycle‐stable S cathodes and Li anodes are reported in literature, their use for practical Li–S batteries remains challenging due to the huge gap between the laboratory research and industrial applications. The laboratory research is usually conducted by use of a thin‐film electrode with a low sulfur loading and high electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratios, while the practical batteries require a thick/high sulfur loading cathode and a low E/S ratio to achieve a desired energy density. To make this clear, the inherent problems of dissolution/deposition mechanism of conventional sulfur cathodes are analyzed from the viewpoint of polarization theory of porous electrode after a brief overview of the recent research progress on sulfur cathodes of Li–S batteries, and the possible strategies for building an electrochemically stable sulfur cathode are discussed for practically viable Li–S batteries from the authors’ own understandings.
Inducing Motions of Polymers in Liquid Nitrogen with Light
Authors: Ube Toru , Suka Ikumi , Ogikubo Shunya , Hashimoto Gaku , Suda Masayuki , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. , Ikeda Tomiki
Published: October 2023

Polymer materials that show macroscopic deformation in response to external stimuli are feasible for novel soft actuators including microactuators. Incorporation of photochromic moieties, such as azobenzenes, into polymer networks enables macroscopic deformation under irradiation with light through photoisomerization. Under cryogenic conditions, however, it has been difficult to induce macroscopic deformation as polymers lose their soft nature due to the severe restrictions of molecular motions. Here, activation of molecular motions and macroscopic deformation in liquid nitrogen only with light for polymers containing photochromic moieties is reported. Photoinduced bending of polymer networks with normal azobenzenes in liquid nitrogen is enabled by preliminary UV irradiation at room temperature to produce cis‐isomers. To realize photoinduced deformation directly in liquid nitrogen, polymer networks are functionalized with bridged azobenzenes, which exist as cis‐isomers in thermodynamic equilibrium. The films with bridged azobenzenes exhibit reversible photoisomerization and bending upon irradiation with light in liquid nitrogen without the need of preliminary irradiation, implying that the change in conformation of polymer chains can be isothermally induced even under cryogenic conditions. Achievement of flexible motions under cryogenic conditions through isothermal processes will greatly expand the operating temperature range of soft actuators.
Physiological Replication of the Human Glomerulus Using a Triple Culture Microphysiological System
Authors: Pajoumshariati Ramin , Ewart Lorna , Kujala Ville , Luc Raymond , Peel Samantha , Corrigan Adam , Weber Heather , Nugraha Bramasta , Hansen Pernille B. L. , Williams Julie
Published: October 2023

The function of the glomerulus depends on the complex cell–cell/matrix interactions and replication of this in vitro would aid biological understanding in both health and disease. Previous models do not fully reflect all cell types and interactions present as they overlook mesangial cells within their 3D matrix. Herein, the development of a microphysiological system that contains all resident renal cell types in an anatomically relevant manner is presented. A detailed transcriptomic analysis of the contributing biology of each cell type, as well as functionally appropriate albumin retention in the system, is demonstrated. The important role of mesangial cells is shown in promoting the health and maturity of the other cell types. Additionally, a comparison of the incremental advances that each individual cell type brings to the phenotype of the others demonstrates that glomerular cells in simple 2D culture exhibit a state more reflective of the dysfunction observed in human disease than previously recognized. This in vitro model will expand the capability to investigate glomerular biology in a more translatable manner by the inclusion of the important mesangial cell compartment.
Plasma‐Activated Solutions Mitigates DSS‐Induced Colitis via Restoring Redox Homeostasis and Reversing Microbiota Dysbiosis
Authors: Sun Tuanhe , Ren Kaijie , Xu Guimin , Ma Rulan , Wang Xueni , Min Tianhao , Xie Xin , Sun Anbang , Ma Yuyi , Wang Haonan , Zhang Yong , Zhu Kun , Dang Chengxue , Zhang Guanjun , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2023

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Conventional medications are limited by drug delivery and a weak capacity to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment. Further, gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by mucosal damage and dysregulated redox homeostasis leads to frequent recurrence. Therefore, promoting mucosal healing and restoring redox homeostasis is considered the initial step in treating ulcerative colitis. Plasma‐activated solutions (PAS) are liquids rich in various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are used to treat multiple diseases. However, its effect on ulcerative colitis remains to be examined. Therefore, using a DSS‐induced mice colitis model, it is found that PAS has the potential to treat colitis and prevent its recurrence by promoting intestinal mucosal repair, reducing inflammation, improving redox homeostasis, and reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis. Further, an equipment is designed for preparing PAS without using nitrogen; however, after treatment with the Nitro‐free PAS, the therapeutic effect of PAS is significantly weakened or even lost, indicating that RNS may be the main mediator by which PAS exerts its therapeutic effects. Overall, this study demonstrates the treatment of ulcerative colitis as a novel application of PAS.
Dynamic Spectral Modulation on Meta‐Waveguides Utilizing Liquid Crystal
Authors: Dong Chengkun , Zhou Ziwei , Gu Xiaowen , Zhang Yichen , Tong Guodong , Wu Zhihai , Zhang Hao , Wang Wenqi , Xia Jun , Wu Jun , Chen Tangsheng , Guo Jinping , Wang Fan , Tang Fengfan
Published: October 2023

The integration of metasurfaces and optical waveguides is gradually attracting the attention of researchers because it allows for more efficient manipulation and guidance of light. However, most of the existing studies focus on passive devices, which lack dynamic modulation. This work utilizes the meta‐waveguides with liquid crystal(LC) to modulate the on‐chip spectrum, which is the first experimentally verified, to the authors' knowledge. By applying a voltage, the refractive index of the liquid crystal surrounding the meta‐waveguides can be tuned, resulting in a blue shift of the spectrum. The simulation shows that the 18.4 dB switching ratio can be achieved at 1550 nm. The meta‐waveguides are prepared using electron beam lithography (EBL), and the improved transmittance of the spectrum in the short wavelength is experimentally verified, which is consistent with the simulation trend. At 1551.64 nm wavelength, the device achieves a switching ratio of ≈16 dB with an active area of 8 µm × 0.4 µm. Based on this device, an optoelectronic computing architecture for the Hadamard matrix product and a novel wavelength selection switch are proposed. This work offers a promising avenue for on‐chip dynamic modulation in integrated photonics, which has the advantage of a compact active area, fast response time, and low energy consumption compared to conventional thermal‐light modulation.
Ln2F2(OH2)(MoO3)2(SeO3)2: Promising Multifunctional Nonlinear Optical Materials Created by Partial Fluorination Strategy under Corrosion Resistant Supercritical Reactions
Authors: Ma Yun‐Xiang , Li Peng‐Fei , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Jiang‐Gao , Kong Fang
Published: October 2023

It has historically been exceedingly challenging to create physically and chemically stable lanthanide compounds with strong second harmonic generation (SHG) due to their strong preference to central symmetry. In this work, five new non‐centrosymmetric lanthanide selenites, namely, Ln2F2(OH2)(MoO3)2(SeO3)2 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy), are achieved by partial fluorination of the lanthanide oxygen polyhedron. An HF corrosion resistant supercritical hydrothermal method is developed, which is a facile and universal method for HF corrosion and high‐temperature high‐pressure environment. The title compounds displayed a novel 3D framework composed of 1D molybdenum selenite chains bridged by Ln2F2O12(OH2) dimers. Their powder SHG responses showed a large difference, ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 × KH2PO4 (KDP) at 1064 nm. The half‐filled Gd compound exhibited very strong SHG efficiency of up to 1.2 × KTP (KTiOPO4) at 2050 nm. Compounds Tb and Gd are the first lanthanide selenites with SHG intensity reaching KTP level, which is very rare in this system. Furthermore, these compounds can also possess excellent physicochemical stability and strong luminescence emission, indicating that they are promising multifunctional nonlinear optical materials. This work offered an effective way for design and synthesis of multifunctional and high‐performant nonlinear optical materials.
Customizable Scintillator of Cs3Cu2I5:2% In+@Paper for Large‐Area X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Wang Ting , Wang Tianchi , Yu Jing , Yao Shuyi , Feng Wei , Wang Qingyuan , Huang Ling , Xu Xuhui , Yu Xue
Published: October 2023

High‐resolution X‐ray imaging is increasingly required for medical diagnosis and large‐area detection. However, the issues of scattering and optical crosstalk are limiting the spatial resolution of the indirect X‐ray imaging. In this study, a feasible and efficient strategy is proposed to in situ synthesize flexible Cs3Cu2I5:2%In+@paper as a superior scintillator film, which can be scaled up to an ultra‐large area of 4800 cm2. The as‐obtained Cs3Cu2I5:2%In+@paper performs a fascinating photoluminescence quantum efficiency up to 88.14%, a steady state light yield of 70169 photons/MeV, and spatial resolution of 15 lp mm−1. Moreover, the suppressed physical scattering and optical crosstalk of the corresponding film are demonstrated. Accordingly, this work explores a feasible fabrication of customizable scintillation films with large area for high‐resolution X‐ray detection.
Approaching the Zero‐Power Operating Limit in a Self‐Coordinated Organic Protonic Synapse
Authors: Liu Shuzhi , He Zhilong , Zhang Bin , Zhong Xiaolong , Guo Bingjie , Chen Weilin , Duan Hongxiao , Tong Yi , He Haidong , Chen Yu , Liu Gang
Published: October 2023

High‐performance artificial synapse with nonvolatile memory and low power consumption is a perfect candidate for brainoid intelligence. Unfortunately, due to the energy barrier paradox between ultra‐low power and nonvolatile modulation of device conductances, it is still a challenge at the moment to construct such ideal synapses. Herein, a proton‐reservoir type 4,4′,4″,4'''‐(Porphine‐5,10,15,20‐tetrayl) tetrakis (benzenesulfonic acid) (TPPS) molecule and fabricated organic protonic memristors with device width of 10 µm to 100 nm is synthesized. The occurrence of sequential proton migration and interfacial self‐coordinated doping will introduce new energy levels into the molecular bandgap, resulting in effective and nonvolatile modulation of device conductance over 64 continuous states with retention exceeding 30 min. The power consumptions of modulating and reading the device conductance approach the zero‐power operating limits, which range from 16.25 pW to 2.06 nW and 6.5 fW to 0.83 pW, respectively. Finally, a robust artificial synapse is successfully demonstrated, showing spiking‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP) and spiking‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) characteristics with ultra‐low power of 0.66 to 0.82 pW, as well as 100 long‐term depression (LTD)/potentiation (LTP) cycles with 0.14%/0.30% weight variations.
Effective Thermal Properties of a HTS Transition Edge Bolometer for High‐Flux Neutron Detection
Authors: Brock Mette Bybjerg , Østergaard Emil Visby , Wulff Anders C. , Abrahamsen Asger Bech , Kuhn Luise Theil
Published: October 2023

Many applications require monitoring of increasingly high neutron flux levels. Pre‐neutron characterization is performed of a superconducting transition edge bolometric device, sensitive to neutrons by an enriched boron carbide (10B4C) layer. Heat from the absorption of neutrons is simulated using an attenuated laser, while the detector is cooled to the critical temperature,Tc. Frequency dependent (4–25 Hz) and constant input power measurements are performed on a10B4C‐coated and a non‐coated pixel. Results are used to fit a two lumped element thermal model. The effective specific heat is highly dependent on the input pulse duration due to the interconnected stack structure. For modulated pulses, the active volume in the thermal circuit is the full depth of the substrate in the area under the pixel. For constant power input, a large portion of the substrate is heated and the interface conductivities to the cold finger are found to be important. The detectivity is D* = 3.5 × 108 , and is only slightly lower than similar detectors. Understanding the dynamics of the detector better and using neutron excitation, it is expected that optimizations can lead to an equally good detector for cold to thermal neutrons at flux levels >106 n cm−2s−1.
Fully Screen‐Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with 17% Efficiency via Tailoring Confined Perovskite Crystallization within Mesoporous Layer
Authors: Chen Changshun , Ran Chenxin , Guo Chunyu , Yao Qing , Wang Jinpei , Niu Tingting , Li Deli , Chao Lingfeng , Xia Yingdong , Chen Yonghua
Published: October 2023

Using a screen‐printing techniques is thought to be a good candidate for simplified, cost‐effective, reliable, and scalable fabrication of fully printed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for industrialization. Nevertheless, the screen‐printing of perovskite film has not been realized until recently. This group finished the work using ionic liquid methylamine acetate (MAAc) as pure solvent. However, the space‐confining effect during the perovskite crystallization in mesoporous impeded the escape of bottom MAAc molecules, which leads to the poor crystalline quality of the screen‐printed film. In this work, ionic liquid methylamine propionate (MAPa) with stronger coordination is introduced as a co‐solvent to promote the escape of MAAc molecules by forming the solvent volatilization channels in a confined mesoporous structure, which results in the complete MAAc volatilization and high filling degree of perovskite crystals inside the mesoporous structure. Also, MAPa promotes the vertical growth of perovskite crystals and coordinates with unbonded Pb2+ on the perovskite surface, leading to efficient charge transport and interfacial band alignment of the screen‐printed film. Finally, fully screen‐printed PSCs yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈17%, which is the record value for fully screen‐printed PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device shows robust operational stability that maintains >85.3% of initial PCE (25%RH and 25 °C) under continuous illumination at the maximum power point after 250 h.
Toward a Lossless Conversion for Spiking Neural Networks with Negative‐Spike Dynamics
Authors: Zou Chenglong , Cui Xiaoxin , Chen Guang , Jiang Yuanyuan , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2023

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) become popular choices for processing spatiotemporal input data and enabling low‐power event‐driven spike computation on neuromorphic processors. However, direct SNN training algorithms are not well compatible with error back‐propagation process, while indirect conversion algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are usually accuracy–lossy due to various approximation errors. Both of them suffer from lower accuracies compared with their reference ANNs and need lots of time steps to achieve stable performance in deep architectures. In this article, a novel conversion framework is presented for deep SNNs with negative‐spike dynamics, which takes a quantization constraint and spike compensation technique into consideration during ANN‐to‐SNN conversion, and a truly lossless accuracy performance with their ANN counterparts is obtained. The converted SNNs can retain full advantages of simple leaky‐integrate‐and‐fire spiking neurons and are very suited for hardware implementation. In the experimental results, it is shown that converted spiking LeNet on MNIST/FashionMNIST and VGG‐Net on CIFAR‐10 dataset yield the state‐of‐the‐art classification accuracies with quite shortened computing time steps and much fewer synaptic operations.
Psychopharmacological treatments in Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: State of the research and practical considerations
Authors: Baumer Nicole T. , Capone George
Published: October 2023

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and especially those with both DS and co‐occurring ASD (DS + ASD) commonly display behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that can impact quality of life and places increased burden on caregivers. While the mainstay of treatment in DS and ASD is focused on educational and behavioral therapies, pharmacological treatments can be used to reduce symptom burden. There is a paucity of evidence and limited clinical trials in DS and DS + ASD. Some scientific evidence is available, primarily in open label studies and case series that can guide treatment choices. Additionally, clinical decisions are often extrapolated from evidence and experience from those with ASD, or intellectual disability in those without DS. This article reviews current research in pharmacological treatment in DS, ASD, and DS + ASD, reviews co‐occurring neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in individuals with DS + ASD across the lifespan, and describes practical approaches to psychopharmacological management.
Assessment of the in Vitro Antimelanoma Potential of Lippia microphylla Cham (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil
Authors: de Oliveira Lopes Ana Luiza , Neves de Andrade Camyla Caroliny , Sousa Duarte Sâmia , Gadelha Marques Karinne Kelly , Ramos Marques de Souza Ramon , de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de Azevedo Fátima , Fechine Tavares Josean , dos Santos Golzio Sócrates , Ramos Gonçalves Juan Carlos , Sobral Marianna Vieira
Published: October 2023

Essential oils stand out among natural products for their complex composition, frequently described in the literature with a range of biological effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Lippia microphylla (EO‐LM) Cham. (Verbenaceae). The melanoma cell line SK‐MEL‐28 was the most sensitive to the EO‐LM, presenting an IC50 of 33.38±1.16 μg/mL. Afterward, the effects of EO‐LM on the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. We stated a significant increase in the sub‐G1 population, indicating apoptosis, later confirmed by an increase of SK‐MEL‐28 cells labeled with Annexin V‐FITC and by the formation of apoptotic bodies and membrane blebs, observed by confocal microscopy. Additionally, EO‐LM reduced the production of ROS, indicating antioxidant activity. Therefore, EO‐LM exhibits anti‐melanoma activity in vitro, suggesting its potential as an anticancer agent.
Hierarchical Porous Aerogels With Multiple Adsorptive Interactions for Dye Wastewater Purification
Authors: Gao Yang , Xu Zikai , Ren Xiuyan , Gao Guanghui
Published: October 2023

Aerogels present a huge potential for removing organic dyes from printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW). However, the preparation of aerogels with multiple dye adsorption capabilities remains a challenge, as many existing aerogels are limited to adsorbing only a single type of dye. Herein, a composite aerogel (CG/T‐rGO) with the addition of carboxymethyl chitosan, gelatin and tannic acid reduced graphene oxide (T‐rGO) was synthesized by freeze‐drying technology. The electrostatic interactions between dye molecular and GEL/CMCS (CG) networks, as well as the supramolecular interactions (H‐bonds, electrostatic interactions and π–π stacks) between T‐rGO, have endowed the aerogel with the ability to adsorb multiple types of dye, such as methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). Results exhibited that the prepared CG/T‐rGO aerogel possessed strong mechanical strength and a porous 3D network structure with a porosity of 96.33 %. Using MB and MO as adsorbates, the adsorption capacity (88.2 mg/g and 66.6 mg/g, respectively) and the mechanism of the CG/T‐rGO aerogel were investigated. The adsorption processes of aerogel for MB and MO were shown to follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, indicating the chemical adsorption of a monolayer. The proposed aerogel in this work has promising prospects for dye removal from PDW.
Mechanochemical Scholl Reaction on Phenylated Cyclopentadiene Core: One‐Step Synthesis of Fluoreno[5]helicenes
Authors: Báti Gábor , Csókás Dániel , Stuparu Mihaiela C.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we explore feasibility of the mechanochemical approach in the synthesis of tetrabenzofluorenes (fluoreno[5]helicenes). For this, commercially available phenylated cyclopentadiene precursors are subjected to the Scholl reaction in the solid state using FeCl3 as an oxidant and sodium chloride as the solid reaction medium. This ball milling process gave access to the 5‐membered ring containing‐helicenes in one synthetic step in high (95–96 %) isolated yields. The solution‐phase reactions, however, were found to be moderate to low yielding in this regard (10–40 %).
Durable and dramatic response to checkpoint inhibition combined with COX‐2 inhibitor celecoxib in a patient with p16+ metastatic sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: A case study
Authors: Trinh Jonathan Q. , Acosta Cassaundra , Easwar Arti , Galamaga Robert , Tan Alan
Published: October 2023

Background

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is an exceedingly rare head and neck malignancy. No consensus exists on treatment for metastatic disease.

Case

A 56‐year‐old female was diagnosed with SNUC after endorsing sinus congestion, diplopia, and right orbital pain. Initially treated with surgery and radiation, she later developed significant metastatic disease. She demonstrated progression of her hepatic metastases under pembrolizumab therapy. However, the addition of ipilimumab and a COX‐2 inhibitor resulted in significant improvement in her lesions as well as an ongoing durable response. Her regimen was complicated by immune‐related adverse events successfully treated with steroids.

Conclusion

Dual checkpoint inhibition deserves consideration when treating metastatic SNUC, especially after single agent therapy has failed. The positive effect of this treatment may be augmented by IDO1 inhibition.
ERSChain: Towards secure and flexible educational resource sharing using consortium blockchain and revocable ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Zhao Gang , He Hui , Di Bingbing , Wu Tong
Published: October 2023

Sharing high‐quality educational resources has become an effective way to promote educational equity. The traditional educational resource sharing platforms using centralized storage architecture have security issues. Recently, many studies use blockchain to achieve secure sharing of educational resources. However, the existing blockchain‐based educational resource sharing schemes only use blockchain as a storage tool, and have issues such as low sharing efficiency, without considering copyright security, and lack of a trusted sharing environment, which prevents the large‐scale sharing of educational resources. In response, we propose ERSChain, a novel blockchain‐based educational resources sharing solution. First, we put forward a hybrid storage method that keeps the hash value of resource in the blockchain and stores the encrypted resource in the off‐chain, which can alleviate the storage and computing pressure brought by massive educational resources while ensuring the integrity of resources. Second, we construct an efficient revocable ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption algorithm to implement flexible access control and an outsourced decryption algorithm to achieve greater efficiency. Obtaining access to educational resources is possible when user's attributes meet the access policy and the user's identity does not exist in the revocation list. Third, we put forward a credit mechanism to adjust the user's credibility and a credit‐based consensus mechanism to maintain the trusted sharing environment. Finally, security analysis and plentiful of experiments demonstrate that our proposed ERSChain achieves security assurance, has better applicability than similar works, and enables large‐scale sharing of educational resources.
Effect of Aprepitant on Etoposide Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Testicular Cancer: A Pharmacokinetic Study to Determine the Absence of a Clinically Relevant Interaction
Authors: Strik Jeffrey , de Jong Loek A. W. , Sijm Joost , Desar Ingrid M. E. , van Erp Nielka P.
Published: October 2023

All patients treated with anticancer agents should receive the most effective anti‐emetic regimen. Anti‐emetic guidelines provide recommendations but do not take into account possible drug–drug interactions between anti‐emetics and anticancer drugs. This study determines the clinical relevance of the potential drug–drug interaction of the neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide. Aprepitant is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and may increase the systemic exposure of etoposide which is partly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4). In this prospective observational study, the pharmacokinetics of etoposide with and without concomitant use of aprepitant was determined in 12 patients receiving first‐line chemotherapy for testicular cancer. The geometric mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) area under the plasma concentration‐time curve 0–24 hour (AUC0–24h) of etoposide with aprepitant was 86.2 (79.7–93.2) mg/L*hour vs. 83.7 (75.8–92.4) mg/L*hour without aprepitant. Geometric mean ratios (90% CIs) of AUC0–24h and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for etoposide with and without aprepitant were 1.03 (0.96–1.10) and 0.96 (0.89–1.03), respectively. This study confirms the absence of a clinically relevant interaction between etoposide and aprepitant. Both drugs can be safely combined without affecting etoposide exposure.