bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second law assessment of di methyl ether and its mixtures in domestic refrigeration system
Authors: Baskaran A. , Manikandan N. , Nagaprasad N. , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: January 2023

Dimethyl ether (DME) and its blend of refrigerants (R429A, R435A, and R510A) are considered in this study's second law analysis as potential replacements for R134a. The performance of various refrigerants in a vapour compression refrigeration system is examined using the Design package CYCLE D. The software REFPROP 9.0 is used to extract all of the thermal and physical parameters of DME and its blend of refrigerants. The Second law performance parameters such as Efficiency Defects, Entropy generation and ExergyEfficiency are discussed. The refrigerants R429A and R510A are more energy efficient than R134a across a condensing temperature range of 30 to 55 °C at − 10 °C evaporation temperature. R134a was exceeded by R429A and R510A in terms of exergetic efficiency by 2.08 and 0.43%, respectively. In comparison to other losses in different components, the compressor's exergy loss is larger at 37–40% of the total exergy loss. By employing RE170 and its blends, the Vapour Compression Refrigeration System often performs better under the second law than R134a.

The result shows that the efficiency defects in the compressor are the largest, followed by the condenser and evaporator. Thus, the design improvement of a compressor is of at most importance to improve the system performance by lowering the overall irreversibility.
Genotypic resistance determined by whole genome sequencing versus phenotypic resistance in 234 Escherichia coli isolates
Authors: Vanstokstraeten R. , Piérard D. , Crombé F. , De Geyter D. , Wybo I. , Muyldermans A. , Seyler L. , Caljon B. , Janssen T. , Demuyser T.
Published: January 2023

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) enables detailed characterization of bacteria at single nucleotide resolution. It provides data about acquired resistance genes and mutations leading to resistance. Although WGS is becoming an essential tool to predict resistance patterns accurately, comparing genotype to phenotype with WGS is still in its infancy. Additional data and validation are needed. In this retrospective study, we analysed 234 E. coli isolates from positive blood cultures using WGS as well as microdilution for 11 clinically relevant antibiotics, to compare the two techniques. We performed whole genome sequencing analyses on 234 blood culture isolates (genotype) to detect acquired antibiotic resistance. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. coli were performed for amoxicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, meropenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin, using the ISO 20776-1 standard broth microdilution method as recommended by EUCAST (phenotype). We then compared the two methods for statistical ‘agreement’. A perfect (100%) categorical agreement between genotype and phenotype was observed for gentamicin and meropenem. However, no resistance to meropenem was observed. A high categorical agreement (> 95%) was observed for amoxicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, amikacin, and tobramycin. A categorical agreement lower than 95% was observed for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin. Most discrepancies occurred in isolates with MICs within ± 1 doubling dilution of the breakpoint and 22.73% of the major errors were samples that tested phenotypically susceptible at higher antibiotic exposure and were therefore considered as ‘not resistant’. This study shows that WGS can be used as a valuable tool to predict phenotypic resistance against most of the clinically relevant antibiotics used for the treatment of E. coli bloodstream infections.
Platinum(terpyridine) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene co-ligands: high antiproliferative activity and low toxicityin vivo
Authors: Sullivan Matthew P. , Adams Muneebah , Riisom Mie , Herbert Caitlin D. , Tong Kelvin K. H. , Astin Jonathan W. , Jamieson Stephen M. F. , Hanif Muhammad , Goldstone David C. , Hartinger Christian G.
Published: January 2023

Substitution of a labile Cl−for an NHC ligand in DNA-intercalating [Pt(terpyridine)]+complexes improved the cytotoxicity and cellular accumulation, whilein vivostudies indicated good tolerability in zebrafish.
A three-dimensional Mn-based MOF as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Rong Hongren , Song Peng , Gao Gexiang , Jiang Qingyan , Chen Xiaojuan , Su LiXin , Liu Wen-Long , Liu Qi
Published: January 2023

A 3D Mn-based MOF [Mn(BGPD)(H2O)2] (Mn-BGPD) was synthesized. The asymmetrical supercapacitor of Mn-BGPD exhibits an excellent energy density and better cycling stability.
Novel candidate theranostic radiopharmaceutical based on strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles conjugated with azacrown ligand
Authors: Khabirova Sofia , Aleshin Gleb , Anokhin Evgeny , Shchukina Anna , Zubenko Anastasia , Fedorova Olga , Averin Aleksey , Trusov Lev , Kalmykov Stepan
Published: January 2023

The first report of modification of strontium hexaferrite NPs with azacrown ligands for combined radiopharmaceuticals
Ultrasonically controlled synthesis of UO2+xcolloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Cot-Auriol Manon , Virot Matthieu , Dumas Thomas , Diat Olivier , Le Goff Xavier , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I.
Published: January 2023

Sonochemistry was used for the preparation of uranium oxide nanoparticles. In comparison to classical hydrolysis approach, larger, better defined and more crystalline UO2+xnanoparticles were observed under ultrasound.
Synergistic regulation effect of magnesium and acetate ions on structural rigidity for synthesizing an efficient and robust CsPbI3 perovskite toward red light-emitting devices
Authors: Wu Xiufeng , Wang Jiwei , Tang Chengyuan , Li Lifang , Chen Wenda , Wu Zhennan , Zhu Jinyang , Li Tingting , Song Hongwei , Bai Xue
Published: January 2023

We accomplished the synthesis of efficient and stable CsPbI3 NCs by regulating structural rigidity under the synergistic effect of Mg2+ and AcO− ions.
Naringin mitigates LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice
Authors: Luo Diaoyun , Huang Zhiqing , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Liu Guangmang , Chen Xiaoling
Published: January 2023

Naringin attenuates a LPS-induced jejunum barrier damage by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, increasing the expression of tight junction protein-related genes and antioxidant capacity.
Useful synthetic pathways to original, stable tunable neutral and anionic phosphorus dendrimers: new opportunities to expand dendrimer space
Authors: Karpus A. , Mignani S. , Apartsin E. , Zablocka M. , Shi X. , Majoral J. P.
Published: January 2023

High yield multistep synthesis of stable and diversely functionalized phosphorus dendrimers is reported.
Insight into enhanced photocatalytic properties of a type-II MoS2/ZnO heterostructure and tuning its properties and interfacial charge transfer by strain
Authors: Nayak Dipali , Thangavel R.
Published: January 2023

The vertical stacking of two-dimensional (2D) materials to fabricate van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is an efficacious method for efficient photocatalysts.
A CeO2-modified Li-rich layered oxide cathode with tunable interfacial oxygen for durable Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Baolu , Lu Li , Hu Yanjie , Chen Ling , Jiang Hao
Published: January 2023

CeO2with oxygen vacancies can suppress the irreversible oxygen release of LLO and thus help to restrain structure degradation.
A high Q-factor dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber and its sensing characteristics
Authors: Wang Dongxu , Xu Kai-Da , Luo Siyuan , Cui Yuqing , Zhang Liuyang , Cui Jianlei
Published: January 2023

In this work, dual-band perfect absorption performance with high Q-factors is achieved in terahertz frequencies by the proposed metamaterial absorber.
Unveiling the degraded electron durability in reduced-dimensional perovskites
Authors: Lu Yu , Shen Yang , Li Yan-Qing , Shen Kong-Chao , Zhou Wei , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: January 2023

An in situ XPS measurement is proposed by employing a built-in charge neutralization system to simulate the practical operation of light-emitting diodes for unraveling the degraded electron durability of reduced-dimensional perovskite emitters.
Solid-state silica gel-catalyzed synthesis of fluorescent polysubstituted 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines
Authors: Aleksić Jovana , Stojanović Milovan , Bošković Jakša , Baranac-Stojanović Marija
Published: January 2023

Fluorescent 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines were synthesized by heating a two-component mixture with silica gel in a closed vessel.
BOINPYs: facile synthesis and photothermal properties triggered by photoinduced nonadiabatic decay
Authors: Gai Lizhi , Zhang Ruijing , Shi Xiuguang , Ni Zhigang , Wang Sisi , Zhang Jun-Long , Lu Hua , Guo Zijian
Published: January 2023

The first photothermal molecular platform, boron isoindoline-1-one-pyridyl dyes, viz. BOINPY, was rationally designed in high yields by a one-step continuous process.
The successes and challenges in the development of sensors for medical diagnostics
Authors: Szunerits Sabine , Zhang Xueji
Published: January 2023

Co-Editors-in-Chief Sabine Szunerits and Xueji Zhang introduce the first anniversary issue of Sensors & Diagnostics by reflecting on state-of-the-art developments in biosensors for medical diagnostics.
Bridging the crystal and solution structure of a series of lipid-inspired ionic liquids
Authors: Bellia Sophia A. , Metzler Matthew , Huynh Marissa , Zeller Matthias , Mirjafari Arsalan , Cohn Pamela , Hillesheim Patrick C.
Published: January 2023

The solid and solution-state structures of a series of lipid-inspired ionic liquids are correlated. X-ray crystallography is combined with UV-vis spectroscopy to gain a deep understanding of the interactions present in both phases.
Mechanisms associated with t(7;12) acute myeloid leukaemia: from genetics to potential treatment targets
Authors: Ragusa Denise , Dijkhuis Liza , Pina Cristina , Tosi Sabrina
Published: January 2023

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), typically a disease of elderly adults, affects 8 children per million each year, with the highest paediatric incidence in infants aged 0–2 of 18 per million. Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities contribute to leukaemia pathogenesis and are an important determinant of leukaemia classification. The t(7;12)(q36;p13) translocation is a high-risk AML subtype exclusively associated with infants and represents the second most common abnormality in this age group. Mechanisms of t(7;12) leukaemogenesis remain poorly understood. The translocation relocates the entire MNX1 gene within the ETV6 locus, but a fusion transcript is present in only half of the patients and its significance is unclear. Instead, research has focused on ectopic MNX1 expression, a defining feature of t(7;12) leukaemia, which has nevertheless failed to produce transformation in conventional disease models. Recently, advances in genome editing technologies have made it possible to recreate the t(7;12) rearrangement at the chromosomal level. Together with recent studies of MNX1 involvement using murine in vivo, in vitro, and organoid-based leukaemia models, specific investigation on the biology of t(7;12) can provide new insights into this AML subtype. In this review, we provide a comprehensive up-to-date analysis of the biological features of t(7;12), and discuss recent advances in mechanistic understanding of the disease which may deliver much-needed therapeutic opportunities to a leukaemia of notoriously poor prognosis.
Dual inhibition of HSF1 and DYRK2 impedes cancer progression
Authors: Tandon Vasudha , Moreno Rita , Allmeroth Kira , Quinn Jean , Wiley Sandra E. , Nicely Lynden G. , Denzel Martin S. , Edwards Joanne , de la Vega Laureano , Banerjee Sourav
Published: January 2023

Preserving proteostasis is a major survival mechanism for cancer. Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a key oncogenic kinase that directly activates the transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) and the 26S proteasome. Targeting DYRK2 has proven to be a tractable strategy to target cancers sensitive to proteotoxic stress; however, the development of HSF1 inhibitors remains in its infancy. Importantly, multiple other kinases have been shown to redundantly activate HSF1 that promoted ideas to directly target HSF1. The eventual development of direct HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 suggests that the transcription factor is indeed a druggable target. The current study establishes that concurrent targeting of HSF1 and DYRK2 can indeed impede cancer by inducing apoptosis faster than individual targetting. Furthermore, targeting the DYRK2-HSF1 axis induces death in proteasome inhibitor-resistant cells and reduces triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) burden in ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models. Together the data indicate that cotargeting of kinase DYRK2 and its substrate HSF1 could prove to be a beneficial strategy in perturbing neoplastic malignancies.
Tutorial: Using Visual–Acoustic Biofeedback for Speech Sound Training
Authors: Hitchcock Elaine R. , Ochs Laura C. , Swartz Michelle T. , Leece Megan C. , Preston Jonathan L. , McAllister Tara
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

This tutorial summarizes current practices using visual–acoustic biofeedback (VAB) treatment to improve speech outcomes for individuals with speech sound difficulties. Clinical strategies will focus on residual distortions of /ɹ/.

Method:

Summary evidence related to the characteristics of VAB and the populations that may benefit from this treatment are reviewed. Guidelines are provided for clinicians on how to use VAB with clients to identify and modify their productions to match an acoustic representation. The clinical application of a linear predictive coding spectrum is emphasized.

Results:

Successful use of VAB requires several key factors including clinician and client comprehension of the acoustic representation, appropriate acoustic target and template selection, as well as appropriate selection of articulatory strategies, practice schedules, and feedback models to scaffold acquisition of new speech sounds.

Conclusion:

Integrating a VAB component in clinical practice offers additional intervention options for individuals with speech sound difficulties and often facilitates improved speech sound acquisition and generalization outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21817722
Motor Speech Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Korkalainen Johanna , McCabe Patricia , Smidt Andy , Morgan Catherine
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Dysarthria is common among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and results in poor speech intelligibility and subsequently low communicative participation. Neuroplasticity evidence suggests that adherence to principles of motor learning (PML) improves motor speech intervention outcomes. Motor speech interventions aim to improve speech intelligibility and ultimately facilitate participation, but the effectiveness of these interventions and their inclusion of PML are not clear. Aims are as follows: (a) evaluate the effectiveness motor speech interventions in improving speech intelligibility; (b) summarize the aims, outcome measures, and outcomes relating to the International Classification of Functioning and Disability Child and Youth; and (c) summarize the principles of motor learning used in the intervention.

Method:

Eight databases were searched, complemented by a hand search. Studies of any level of evidence were included if they used a motor speech intervention and measured speech in children with CP aged 0–18 years. Studies before 2000 or not in English were excluded. The review was conducted and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was rated using the Single Case Experimental Design Scale and Physiotherapy Evidence Database-P rating scales. The strength of evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results:

Of 1,036 initial articles, 21 were included. Eight interventions were identified including 131 participants aged 3–18 years. All studies aimed to improve speech intelligibility or articulation and reported improvement at sound, word, or sentence level. One study reported improvements in communicative participation. The strength of evidence ranged from very low to moderate for one intervention. Adherence to PML was inconsistent.

Conclusions:

The quality of evidence is very low to moderate. More research on motor speech interventions that adhere to PML is required.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21817959
Gesundheitsökonomische Bewertung einer internistischen Intermediate Care (IMC)-Station mit gastroenterologischem Schwerpunkt an einem universitären Klinikum der
medizinischen Maximalversorgung – Wertung der Rentabilität einer Intermediate Care (IMC)-Station für die moderne universitäre Gastroenterologie
Authors: Katsounas Antonios , Lütkes Peter , Canbay Ali , Gerken Guido
Published: January 2023

Intermediate Care (IMC)-Stationen erfüllen die komplexen Behandlungserfordernisse von
Patienten mit speziellen Erkrankungen und/oder einem hohen Pflegebedarf und können dazu
beitragen, die Belegung von Intensivbetten effizient/er zu gestalten. Trotz Ausgliederung der
Pflegepersonalkosten von dem Diagnosis-Related-Groups (DRG; Deutsch: diagnosebezogene
Fallgruppen)-Vergütungssystem können längere Phasen unterdurchschnittlicher Monatserlöse
durch ausbleibende Abrechnung komplexer DRGs und/oder Fehlbelegung/Sperrung von IMC-Betten zu
einem Fixkosten-Refinanzierungsproblem führen; das stellt die Frage nach der Rentabilität
einer IMC-Einheit erneut in den Vordergrund. Somit ist Ziel dieser Arbeit gewesen, die
Rentabilität einer gastroenterologischen IMC, als Teil einer interdisziplinären Medizinischen
IMC (MIMC) am Universitätsklinikum Essen, für den Zeitraum 01.01.2014–31.12.2016 zu bewerten.
Retrospektiv wurden 1015 Fälle der Station MIMC der Klinik für Gastroenterologie und
Hepatologie (Med.G./MIMC; 12 IMC-Betten) hinsichtlich Verweildauer (VWD),
Aufnahme-/Hauptdiagnose, erbrachten Prozeduren sowie Nebendiagnosen, Erlös, Alter und
Geschlecht untersucht (medianes Patientenalter 57 Jahre; ♂ 61%, ♀ 39%). Insgesamt kommen 85%
der DRG-Erlöse durch Behandlungsfälle innerhalb der Top-20-Basis-DRGs
zustande; diese verdeutlichen den hepatologischen Schwerpunkt der Med.G./MIMC. Der Case-Mix
(CM) beträgt im monatlichen Durchschnitt 65; der CM-Index (CMI), der (analog zum CM) eine
erhebliche jahreszeitliche Schwankung aufweist, beträgt im monatlichen Durchschnitt 10,891
(2014–2016). Die durchschnittliche VWD auf der Med.G./MIMC liegt mit 12,3 Tagen deutlich über
der Durchschnitt-VWD in deutschen Krankenhäusern (7,2 Tage). In der konkreten wirtschaftlichen
Beurteilung der Med.G./MIMC ergibt sich, dass die zugeordneten stationären Erlöse von 2,90
Mio. € auf 3,72 Mio. € ansteigen. Damit ist eine positive Entwicklung der Primärerlöse von 2,98
Mio. € (2014) über 3,56 Mio. € (2015) auf 3,81 Mio. € (2016) bei weitestgehend konstantem
Aufwand im Bereich der Primärkosten und der bezogenen Sekundärleistungen zu verzeichnen. Aus
der Erfahrung ist dies – unter Berücksichtigung der potenziellen interdisziplinären
Synergieeffekte – als außerordentlich gute wirtschaftliche Situation zu bezeichnen.
Comparison of age- and sex-dependent reference limits derived from distinct sources for metabolic measurands in basic liver diagnostics
Authors: Broecker-Preuss Martina , Arzideh Farhad , Best Jan , Canbay Ali , Özçürümez Mustafa , Manka Paul
Published: January 2023

Background Reference intervals for basic liver laboratory diagnostic rely on manufacturers’ information, remaining unchanged for more than 20 years. This ignores known age and sex dependencies.

Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study to compare the age-dependent distribution of flagged and non-flagged laboratory findings between reference limits from 3 distinct sources: manufacturer, published reference study, and the truncated maximum likelihood method applied on a cohort of inpatients aged 18–100 years. Discordance rates adjusted for the permissible analytical uncertainty are reported for serum levels of albumin (n= 150,550), alkaline phosphatase (n= 433,721), gamma-GT (n=580,012), AST (n= 510,620), and ALT (n= 704,546).

Results The number of flagged findings differed notably between reference intervals compared, except for alkaline phosphatase. AST and alkaline phosphatase increased with age in women. Overall discordance for AP, AST, and ALT remained below 10%, respectively, in both sexes. Albumin decreased with age which led to discordant flags in up to 22% in patients ≥70 years. GGT and ALT peaked in 50–59-year-old men with up to 23.5% and 22.8% discordant flags, respectively.

Conclusion We assessed the impact of different reference limits on liver related laboratory results and found up to 25 % discordant flags. We suggest to further analyse the diagnostic and economic effects of reference limits adapted to the population of interest even for well-established basic liver diagnostics.
Minimally Invasive Destructive, Ablative, and Disconnective Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Treiber Jeffrey M. , Bayley James C. , Curry Daniel
Published: January 2023

Conventional epilepsy surgery performed by microsurgical dissection typically requires large cranial working windows created with high-speed drills and lengthy incisions. In the past few decades, minimally invasive techniques have been developed with smaller incisions, comparable efficacy, shorter hospitalizations, and better safety profiles. These minimally invasive alternatives utilize stereotactic, ultrasonic, radiotherapeutic, and endoscopic techniques. Although not able to completely replace conventional surgery for all etiologies of epilepsy, these minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized modern epilepsy surgery and have been an invaluable asset to the neurosurgeon's repertoire. The endoscope has allowed for surgeons to have adequate visualization during resective and disconnective epilepsy surgeries using keyhole or miniature craniotomies. Modern stereotactic techniques such as laser interstitial thermal therapy and radiofrequency ablation can be used as viable alternatives for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and can destroy lesional tissue deep areas without the approach-related morbidity of microsurgery such as with hypothalamic hamartomas. These stereotactic techniques do not preclude future surgery in the settings of treatment failure and have been used successfully after failed conventional surgery. Multiple ablation corridors can be performed in a single procedure that can be used for lesioning of large targets or to simplify treating multifocal epilepsies. These stereotactic techniques have even been used successfully to perform disconnective procedures such as hemispherotomies and corpus callosotomies. In patients unable to tolerate surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery is a minimally invasive option that can result in improved seizure control with minimal procedural risks. Advances in minimally invasive neurosurgery provide viable treatment options for drug-resistant epilepsy with quicker recovery, less injury to functional brain, and for patients that may otherwise not choose conventional surgery.
Recommendations for maternal mental health policy in India
Authors: Priyadarshini Urvashi , Rao Arathi P. , Dash Sambit
Published: January 2023

Mental illnesses are a serious concern in India where every seventh person suffers from mental health problems—with women more affected than men. While the burden of perinatal mental illnesses grows, India lacks exclusive policies to address it. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on routine antenatal care and institutional deliveries and has also affected the mental health of pregnant women and mothers. We evaluated existing policies. Policy options were evaluated against criteria like cost–benefit analysis, administrative feasibility, human resources, and equity along with the intended and unintended consequences. We propose three policy options: (1) strengthening and focused implementation of the existing national mental health program (NMHP), (2) integrating mental health in the ongoing Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Program, and (3) including a ‘maternal’ component in NMHP. We offered policy recommendations to fill the gap in addressing the maternal mental health challenge in India.
Strain dependence of the thermoelectric properties of perovskite MgSiO3: A first principles study
Authors: Godara Manjeet , Ray Nirat
Published: January 2023

Using first-principles density functional theory based approach, we investigate the tunability of the thermoelectric properties of perovskite MgSiO3. We find that the thermoelectric properties are strongly correlated with the electronic structure and can, therefore, be modulated with uni-axial tensile and compressive strains. Key thermoelectric parameters, such as the Seebeck coefficient (S), show non-monotonic behavior, displaying large shifts with the application of 1% uni-axial tensile strain. The relevance of this small strain value also appears in structural distortion of the oxygen octahedra and band convergence in the electronic band structure. The band structure modifications also introduce a strong strain dependence of the relaxation time, as defined within the deformation potential approach. As a result, an improvement of up to 35% is observed in zT with the application of 1% tensile strain. Our results highlight a possible new route to improving thermoelectric performance in perovskite oxide thermoelectrics.
Modulating the electronic structure of nickel sulfide via defect engineering for efficient bifunctional overall water splitting
Authors: Luo Fengting , Liu Ya , Jiang Xi , Fan Jing , Chen Shijian
Published: January 2023

Defect-enriched nickel sulfide (D-Ni3S2) nanosheets grown on Ni foam are designed as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting (OWS). The optimal (D2-Ni3S2) catalyst exhibits overpotentials of 52 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction and 210 mV for oxygen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm−2. With regard to the OWS, the assembled two-electrode (D2-Ni3S2//D2-Ni3S2) alkaline electrolyzer requires a low cell voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2, with robust stability over 100 h, outperforming the commercial Pt/C-IrO2 couple and is even comparable to the most reported Ni3S2-based heterostructure electrocatalysts. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the rich defects can improve the electric conductivity and tune the chemisorption of H+ and OH−, thus remarkably enhancing the OWS activity. This work offers a promising avenue to design efficient bifunctional catalysts toward OWS by defect engineering.
Increasing soft x-ray reflectance of short-period W/Si multilayers using B4C diffusion barriers
Authors: IJpes D. , Yakshin A. E. , Sturm J. M. , Ackermann M. D.
Published: January 2023

Short-period multilayer mirrors are used in wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence to extend the wavelength range available with naturally occurring Bragg-crystals. W/Si multilayer mirrors with a period of 2.5 nm are used to reflect and disperse elements in the O-Kα–Al-Kα range. However, the reflectance is far from theoretical due to nanoscale W-Si intermixing and formation of WSix. In this work, B4C diffusion barriers were applied in sputter deposited 2.5 nm W/Si multilayers to inhibit W–Si interaction. A peak reflectance of 45% at 9.7° grazing was measured at a wavelength of 0.834 nm—the highest reported in the literature so far. Diffuse scattering measurements revealed no change in interfacial roughness when applying B4C barriers compared to W/Si. A hybrid grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity and x-ray standing wave fluorescence analysis revealed an increase in W concentration of the absorber layer after the application of B4C barriers. Chemical analysis suggests a partial replacement of W silicide bonds with W carbide/boride bonds from the B4C barrier. The formed WxBy and WxCy instead of WxSiy is hypothesized to increase reflectance at 0.834 nm due to its higher W atomic density.
Ideal quadratic fermionic point state with multiple band degeneracy
Authors: Yang Tie , Lü Wenlong , Tan Xingwen , Zhang Zeying , Zhang Gang , Wu Zhimin
Published: January 2023

As the study of topological states witnessed rapid progress and fast development, the current research has been expanded from conventional linear dispersion into high order conditions. In comparison with the linear type, high order topological elements feature multiple exotic properties, such as large topological charge, peculiar Berry phase, and chiral surface states, which could lead to the finding of other new physics. In this study, we present a realistic material candidate hosting an ideal quadratic fermionic point state with multiple band degeneracy. Based on first principles calculation and effective model argument, the origin of the quadratic order is analyzed, and its dispersion conditions are examined. Due to the clean band structure, prominent surface states are observed and they exhibit both large energy variation and broad spatial distribution. These beneficial features are very advantageous for future experimental investigations. This work can significantly enhance the research on high order topological states and, in particular, the proposed material can provide an effective platform for quadratic fermionic point states.
Ultrafast single-pulse switching of Tb-dominant CoTb alloy
Authors: Liu Yongshan , Cheng Houyi , Vallobra Pierre , Wang Huiwen , Eimer Sylvain , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Malinowski Gregory , Hehn Michel , Xu Yong , Mangin Stephane , Zhao Weisheng
Published: January 2023

Single-pulse magnetization switching by femtosecond laser pulses is the fastest way to manipulate magnetization. To date, among rare-earth transition metal alloys, single-pulse switching is limited to Gd-based structures. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast single-pulse switching of Tb-dominant CoTb alloys within several tens of picoseconds. Our further analysis shows that the ultrafast magnetization reversal is linked to ultrafast heating of laser pulses and an external field.
Single-pixel color imaging based on a high-performance MAPbI3 perovskite photodetector
Authors: Liu Yujin , Ji Zhong
Published: January 2023

Metal halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties show great promise in optical imaging. However, the complex fabrication process of high-density perovskite image sensors limits its development. Herein, we report a simple perovskite color imaging system by combining a single high-performance perovskite photodetector (PD) and the advanced Fourier single-pixel imaging algorithm. We introduce an atomic layer deposition-TiO2 layer and a Spiro-OMeTAD layer to optimize the band energy level arrangement of the perovskite PD, suppressing the dark current and improving the photocurrent of the device, respectively. The optimized perovskite PD with flat spectral response covering all visible wavelength exhibits a high responsivity of 238 mA/W at zero bias, a high special detectivity of 1.13 × 1013 Jones, and a linear dynamic range of 132 dB. In order to bypass the fabrication of the high-density perovskite PD array, we set up a single-pixel imaging system based on an optimized high-performance perovskite PD, demonstrating a high-quality color imaging result. This work provides a perspective for perovskite image sensors and injects vitality into the single-pixel imaging technology.
Resistive switching polarity reversal due to ferroelectrically induced phase transition at BiFeO3/Ca0.96Ce0.04MnO3 heterostructures
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Chen Luqiu , Liu Yifei , Tian Bobo , Zhu Qiuxiang , Duan Chungang
Published: January 2023

Ferroelectric resistive switching (RS) devices with functional oxide electrodes allow controlled emergent phenomena at an interface. Here, we demonstrate RS polarity reversal due to ferroelectrically induced phase transition at a doped charge transfer insulator interface. For BiFeO3/Ca0.96Ce0.04MnO3 bilayers grown on a NdAlO3 substrate, by applying voltages to a Ca0.96Ce0.04MnO3 bottom electrode, the resistance changes from a high resistance state (HRS) to a low resistance state (LRS) during a positive voltage cycle (0 → 3 → 0 V), and from a LRS to a HRS during a negative voltage cycle (0 → −3 → 0 V). The RS polarity is completely opposite the expected RS behavior in ferroelectric heterostructures induced by polarization reversal. It is proposed that the unique resistance switching polarity is attributed to the band-filling controlled metal-insulator transition in a Ca0.96Ce0.04MnO3 film, triggered by ferroelectric based electrostatic doping. The results address the importance of ferroelectric field effect on the electronic properties of the interfacial system in ferroelectric/complex oxide-based resistive memory devices.
On the wave propagation modes and operation range in rotating detonation combustor with varied injection and outlet throat
Authors: Wu Yuwen , Xu Gao , Ding Chenwei , Weng Chunsheng
Published: January 2023

The rotating detonation combustor (RDC) has received remarkable attention in the aerospace community. In this work, an experimental RDC model supplied by liquid kerosene and oxygen-enriched air is established. A parametric survey is performed with different injection throats, outlet restrictions, and equivalence ratios to analyze the rotating detonation wave propagation modes comprehensively. Dynamic pressure transducers and a high-speed camera are both employed to identify wave modes synchronously. Overall, the propagation modes are found to be highly dependent on the injection throat and combustor outlet restriction. With a large injection to annulus area ratio of 0.3, a single-wave mode is characterized when no restriction is added at the combustor outlet. Reducing the outlet area leads to a decrease in the wave frequency and a narrower steady rotating detonation propagation regime. The propagation stability of the rotating detonation is strengthened when the injection to annulus area ratio decreases to 0.2. A dual-wave collision mode and a four-wave collision mode are observed, depending on the outlet restriction. A preliminary stable RDC operation range correlated with outlet to injection throat area ratio and equivalence ratio is achieved. Furthermore, an interval value of the outlet to injection throat area ratio is proposed to reach the potential positive total pressure gain. These findings should serve as the reference for RDC configuration design in air-breathing and gas-turbine propulsion systems.
Evaluation of SPT-N values and internal friction angle correlation using artificial intelligence methods in granular soils
Authors: Ekmen Arda Burak
Published: January 2023

Context Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) have become widely used in various engineering fields due to their ability to solve complicated issues directly. Aims In this study, internal friction angle (ϕ) values for granular soils were calculated using ANNs, GAs, and empirical methods based on standard penetration test (SPT) data to designate the system that produced the best statistical outcomes. Methods Utilising the literature, experimentally determined internal friction angle (Eϕ) values were obtained for a significant quantity of standard penetration test data. Analysis of variance was performed to ascertain whether there was a significant correlation between SPT-N60 values and Eϕ. A simulated network was created with ANNs, and a function was obtained with GAs for SPT-N60–ϕ correlation. The outcomes obtained with ANNs and GAs were compared with empirical equations and experimental results. Optimisation analysis was conducted with the novel Improved Goal Attainment method to minimise the margin of error. Key results Compared to the GAs and empirical equations, the ANN has been determined to have a reasonable correlation with experimental results. Conclusions It was determined that by utilising ANNs, the current empirical equations indicating the relationship between different soil parameters and the data of tests such as SPT and cone penetration test (CPT) could be produced in improved correlations by employing a large number of data sets obtained from different regions. Implications Effective predictions can be achieved instead of present methods.
Uncovering social and environmental factors that increase the burden of climate-sensitive diarrheal infections on children
Authors: Dimitrova Anna , Gershunov Alexander , Levy Morgan C. , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: January 2023

Climate-sensitive infectious diseases are an issue of growing concern due to global warming and the related increase in the incidence of extreme weather and climate events. Diarrhea, which is strongly associated with climatic factors, remains among the leading causes of child death globally, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We use survey data for 51 LMICs between 2000 and 2019 in combination with gridded climate data to estimate the association between precipitation shocks and reported symptoms of diarrheal illness in young children. We account for differences in exposure risk by climate type and explore the modifying role of various social factors. We find that droughts are positively associated with diarrhea in the tropical savanna regions, particularly during the dry season and dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons. In the humid subtropical regions, we find that heavy precipitation events are associated with increased risk of diarrhea during the dry season and the transition from dry-to-wet season. Our analysis of effect modifiers highlights certain social vulnerabilities that exacerbate these associations in the two climate zones and present opportunities for public health intervention. For example, we show that stool disposal practices, child feeding practices, and immunizing against the rotavirus modify the association between drought and diarrhea in the tropical savanna regions. In the humid subtropical regions, household’s source of water and water disinfection practices modify the association between heavy precipitation and diarrhea. The evidence of effect modification varies depending on the type and duration of the precipitation shock.
Autumn stopover hotspots and multiscale habitat associations of migratory landbirds in the eastern United States
Authors: Guo Fengyi , Buler Jeffrey J. , Smolinsky Jaclyn A. , Wilcove David S.
Published: January 2023

Halting the global decline of migratory birds requires a better understanding of migration ecology. Stopover sites are a crucial yet understudied aspect of bird conservation, mostly due to challenges associated with understanding broad-scale patterns of transient habitat use. Here, we use a national network of weather radar stations to identify stopover hotspots and assess multiscale habitat associations of migratory landbirds across the eastern United States during autumn migration. We mapped seasonal bird densities over 5 y (2015 to 2019) from 60 radar stations covering 63.2 million hectares. At a coarse scale, we found that landbirds migrate across a broad front with small differences in migrant density between radar domains. However, relatively more birds concentrate along the Mississippi River and Appalachian Mountains. At a finer scale, we identified radar pixels that consistently harbored high densities of migrants for all 5 y, which we classify as stopover hotspots. Hotspot probability increased with percent cover of all forest types and decreased with percent cover of pasture and cultivated crops. Moreover, we found strong concentrating effects of deciduous forest patches within deforested regions. We also found that the prairie biome in the Midwest (now mostly cropland) is likely a migration barrier, with large concentrations of migrants at the prairie–forest boundary after crossing the agricultural Midwest. Overall, the broad-front migration pattern highlights the importance of locally based conservation efforts to protect stopover habitats. Such efforts should target forests, especially deciduous forests in highly altered landscapes. These findings demonstrate the value of multiscale habitat assessments for the conservation of migratory landbirds.
Climate presses and pulses mediate the decline of a migratory predator
Authors: Clark-Wolf T. J. , Dee Boersma P. , Rebstock Ginger A. , Abrahms Briana
Published: January 2023

Long-term climate changes and extreme climate events differentially impact animal populations, yet whether and why these processes may act synergistically or antagonistically remains unknown. Disentangling these potentially interactive effects is critical for predicting population outcomes as the climate changes. Here, we leverage the “press–pulse” framework, which is used to describe ecological disturbances, to disentangle population responses in migratory Magellanic penguins to long-term changes in climate means and variability (presses) and extreme events (pulses) across multiple climate variables and life history stages. Using an unprecedented 38-y dataset monitoring 53,959 penguins, we show for the first time that the presses and pulses of climate change mediate the rate of population decline by differentially impacting different life stages. Moreover, we find that climate presses and pulses can work both synergistically and antagonistically to affect animal population persistence, necessitating the need to examine both processes in concert. Negative effects of terrestrial heat waves (pulses) on adult survival, for example, were countered by positive effects of long-term changes in oceanographic conditions in migratory grounds (presses) on juvenile and adult survival. Taken together, these effects led to predicted population extirpation under all future climate scenarios. This work underscores the importance of a holistic approach integrating multiple climate variables, life stages, and presses and pulses for predicting the persistence of animals under accelerating climate change.
The MAPK-Alfin-like 7 module negatively regulates ROS scavenging genes to promote NLR-mediated immunity
Authors: Zhang Dingliang , Gao Zongyu , Zhang He , Yang Yizhou , Yang Xinxin , Zhao Xiaofei , Guo Hailong , Nagalakshmi Ugrappa , Li Dawei , Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P. , Zhang Yongliang
Published: January 2023

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor-mediated immunity includes rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcriptional reprogramming, which is controlled by transcription factors (TFs). Although some TFs have been reported to participate in NLR-mediated immune response, most TFs are transcriptional activators, and whether and how transcriptional repressors regulate NLR-mediated plant defenses remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Alfin-like 7 (AL7) interacts with N NLR and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Knockdown and knockout of
AL7
compromise
N NLR
-mediated resistance against tobacco mosaic virus, whereas
AL7
overexpression enhances defense, indicating a positive regulatory role for AL7 in immunity. AL7 binds to the promoters of ROS scavenging genes to inhibit their transcription during immune responses. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK), and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK) directly interact with and phosphorylate AL7, which impairs the AL7-N interaction and enhances its DNA binding activity, which promotes ROS accumulation and enables immune activation. In addition to N, AL7 is also required for the function of other Toll interleukin 1 receptor/nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeats (TNLs) including Roq1 and RRS1-R/RPS4. Our findings reveal a hitherto unknown MAPK-AL7 module that negatively regulates ROS scavenging genes to promote NLR-mediated immunity.
When loanwords are not lone words
Authors: Trye David , Calude Andreea S. , Keegan Te Taka , Falconer Julia
Published: January 2023

Networks are being used to model an increasingly diverse range of real-world phenomena. This paper introduces an exploratory approach to studying loanwords in relation to one another, using networks of co-occurrence. While traditional studies treat individual loanwords as discrete items, we show that insights can be gained by focusing on the various loanwords that co-occur within each text in a corpus, especially when leveraging the notion of a hypergraph. Our research involves a case-study of New Zealand English (NZE), which borrows Indigenous Māori words on a large scale. We use a topic-constrained corpus to show that: (i) Māori loanword types tend not to occur by themselves in a text; (ii) infrequent loanwords are nearly always accompanied by frequent loanwords; and (iii) it is not uncommon for texts to contain a mixture of listed and unlisted loanwords, suggesting that NZE is still riding a wave of borrowing importation from Māori.
Dry sliding wear behaviour of hot-rolled air-cooled medium manganese martensitic steel
Authors: Han Ruyang , Yang Gengwei , Xu Deming , Zhao Gang , Zhu Xiaoxiang , Li Shucheng
Published: January 2023

The microstructure, mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behaviour of hot-rolled air-cooled medium manganese martensitic steel at different finish rolling temperatures (FRT) were investigated. The fully martensitic structure with precipitation of acicular carbides in the matrix was obtained in the air-cooled process after hot rolling. With the decrease of FRT, the mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance of experimental steels were significantly improved. The worn surface morphology was mainly furrows, and the wear mechanism was micro-cutting. Both the width and depth of the furrows increased with the increasing hardness of the experimental steels. The mass loss rates of FRT-700, FRT-900 and Hardox450 samples were 4.53 × 10-4 g/m, 4.82 × 10-4  g/m and 5.14 × 10-4 g/m, respectively.
Scaling analysis for rapid estimation of lack of fusion porosity in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Zagade Pramod R. , Gautham B. P. , De Amitava , DebRoy Tarasankar
Published: January 2023

Lack-of-fusion porosity due to insufficient melting of the adjacent tracks and successive layers is a persistent problem in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). A novel functional relation is proposed here following dimensional analysis for rapid estimation of the lack-of-fusion porosity fraction as a function of important process variables and alloy properties. The estimated values of the porosity fractions are found to be in fair agreement with the corresponding independent experimentally measured results for LPBF of five commonly used alloys for a wide range of process conditions. The proposed functional relation is used further to construct a set of process maps that can aid in the selection of important LPBF conditions to avoid lack-of-fusion porosity on the shop floor without doing any calculations.
Improved magnetic properties in amorphous FeSiBCr soft magnetic composites with easy-plane anisotropy for high-frequency applications
Authors: Huang Yuandong , Zhang Hang , Shang Rongxian , Wang Ke , Wu Peng , Wang Ying , Li Fashen , Wang Tao
Published: January 2023

The miniaturization and high frequency of future electromagnetic devices require soft magnetic composites with high permeability, high working frequency, and low core loss. In this work, easy-plane amorphous FeSiBCr powders with a thickness of approximately 1–2 μm are obtained by planetary ball milling, and are successfully fabricated into an arranged soft magnetic composite by using a uniform magnetic field. The complex permeability spectrums of the composites are measured and analyzed. Due to the planar distribution of easy magnetization axes, the amorphous easy-plane FeSiBCr/Si-resin composite shows a permeability of 31 at 1 MHz. The core loss of the samples is measured from 100 KHz to 5 MHz and is discussed in detail. The loss-separated results illustrate that the eddy current loss and excess loss can be effectively reduced in the amorphous easy-plane FeSiBCr/Si-resin composite. These results indicate that, compared with an amorphous non-easy-plane FeSiBCr/Si-resin composite, the permeability of the amorphous easy-plane FeSiBCr/Si-resin composite is effectively improved and the core loss is reduced, making it promising for high-frequency applications.