bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fairness in Transport Policy: A New Approach to Applying Distributive Justice Theories
Authors: Randal Edward , Shaw Caroline , Woodward Alistair , Howden-Chapman Philippa , Macmillan Alex , Hosking Jamie , Chapman Ralph , Waa Andrew M. , Keall Michael
Published: December 2020

The transport system influences everyone’s wellbeing on a daily basis. These impacts are both positive and negative and are borne directly and indirectly at a range of spatial and temporal scales and across different groups in society. Furthermore, they are often distributed unfairly and the people who are least able to use transport networks frequently bear the greatest costs. People also have various transport needs and these needs change throughout their lives. Due to these complexities, there is no straightforward answer as to how we should provide transport fairly. Policies and actions to decarbonise the transport system are urgently needed, but their equity effects are also important. We give a brief overview of distributive justice and equity in transport literature. We then develop a conceptual framework of distributive justice and a set of four principles to guide the application of the framework to transport policy. We then apply these to recent transport policies in Aotearoa/New Zealand, a country that shares common features with most highly motorised countries. We apply the Capabilities Approach to transport policy in a novel way that conceptualises transport policy as a social conversion factor which influences people’s ability to convert resources and opportunities into the things (‘beings and doings’) that they have reason to value. The consideration of transport policy as a conversion factor, rather than focusing on a specific capability, emphasises the role of transport policy as a promoter of a wide range of capabilities and highlights the inequitable distribution of positive and negative effects on people’s health and wellbeing. It also illuminates issues of power structures and procedural fairness in transport policy that are otherwise not covered by distributive justice approaches. Taking a broader view of distributive justice theory in transport provides a clearer picture of the impacts of transport on wellbeing and provides theory-based guidance on the actions to improve transport justice that can be readily integrated into existing policy institutions.
Topological and Thermodynamic Entropy Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic through Graph Theory
Authors: Nandini G. Kirithiga , Rajan R. Sundara , Shantrinal A. Arul , Rajalaxmi T. M. , Rajasingh Indra , Balasubramanian Krishnan
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the global pandemic, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which has resulted in 60.4 million infections and 1.42 million deaths worldwide. Mathematical models as an integral part of artificial intelligence are designed for contact tracing, genetic network analysis for uncovering the biological evolution of the virus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the observed disease dynamics, evaluating mitigation strategies, and predicting the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. This paper describes mathematical techniques to exploit and understand the progression of the pandemic through a topological characterization of underlying graphs. We have obtained several topological indices for various graphs of biological interest such as pandemic trees, Cayley trees, Christmas trees, and the corona product of Christmas trees and paths. We have also obtained an analytical expression for the thermodynamic entropies of pandemic trees as a function of R0, the reproduction number, and the level of spread, using the nested wreath product groups. Our plots of entropy and logarithms of topological indices of pandemic trees accentuate the underlying severity of COVID-19 over the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.
Complete Quantum Information in the DNA Genetic Code
Authors: Planat Michel , Aschheim Raymond , Amaral Marcelo M. , Fang Fang , Irwin Klee
Published: December 2020

We find that the degeneracies and many peculiarities of the DNA genetic code may be described thanks to two closely related (fivefold symmetric) finite groups. The first group has signature G=Z5⋊H where H=Z2.S4≅2O is isomorphic to the binary octahedral group 2O and S4 is the symmetric group on four letters/bases. The second group has signature G=Z5⋊GL(2,3) and points out a threefold symmetry of base pairings. For those groups, the representations for the 22 conjugacy classes of G are in one-to-one correspondence with the multiplets encoding the proteinogenic amino acids. Additionally, most of the 22 characters of G attached to those representations are informationally complete. The biological meaning of these coincidences is discussed.
Influence of Postprocessing on Wear Resistance of Aerospace Steel Parts Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Metel Alexander S. , Grigoriev Sergey N. , Tarasova Tatiana V. , Filatova Anastasia A. , Sundukov Sergey K. , Volosova Marina A. , Okunkova Anna A. , Melnik Yury A. , Podrabinnik Pavel A.
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the research of the effect of ultrasonic postprocessing—specifically, the effects of ultrasonic cavitation-abrasive finishing, ultrasonic plastic deformation, and vibration tumbling on surface quality, wear resistance, and the ability of real aircraft parts with complex geometries and with sizes less than and more than 100 mm to work in exploitation conditions. The parts were produced by laser powder bed fusion from two types of anticorrosion steels of austenitic and martensitic grades—20Kh13 (DIN 1.4021, X20Cr13, AISI 420) and 12Kh18N9T (DIN 1.4541, X10CrNiTi18-10, AISI 321). The finishing technologies based on mechanical action—plastic deformation, abrasive wear, and complex mechanolysis showed an effect on reducing the submicron surface roughness, removing the trapped powder granules from the manufactured functional surfaces and their wear resistance. The tests were completed by proving resistance of the produced parts to exploitation conditions—vibration fatigue and corrosion in salt fog. The roughness arithmetic mean deviation Ra was improved by 50–52% after cavitation-abrasive finishing, by 28–30% after ultrasonic plastic deformation, and by 65–70% after vibratory tumbling. The effect on wear resistance is correlated with the improved roughness. The effect of used techniques on resistance to abrasive wear was explained and grounded.
Immunological Distinctions between Acellular and Whole-Cell Pertussis Immunizations of Baboons Persist for at Least One Year after Acellular Vaccine Boosting
Authors: Cole Leah E. , Zhang Jinrong , Pacheco Kristl M. , Lhéritier Philippe , Anosova Natalie G. , Piolat Julie , Zheng Lingyi , Reveneau Nathalie
Published: December 2020

While both whole-cell (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines have been highly effective at reducing the global pertussis disease burden, there are concerns that compared to wP vaccination, the immune responses to aP vaccination may wane more rapidly. To gain insights into the vaccine elicited immune responses, pre-adult baboons were immunized with either aP or wP vaccines, boosted with an aP vaccine, and observed over a nearly two-year period. Priming with a wP vaccine elicited a more Th17-biased response than priming with aP, whereas priming with an aP vaccine led to a more Th2-biased response than priming with wP. These differences were maintained after aP vaccine boost immunizations. Compared to aP, animals primed with a wP vaccine exhibited greater numbers of pertussis specific memory B cells. While aP and wP vaccine priming initially elicited similar levels of anti-pertussis toxin antibody, titers declined more rapidly in aP vaccine primed animals leading to a 4-fold difference. Both wP and aP vaccine immunization could induce serum bactericidal activity (SBA); however, only one wP vaccine immunization was required to elicit SBA while multiple aP vaccine immunizations were required to elicit lower, less durable SBA titers. In conclusion, when compared to aP vaccine, priming with wP vaccine elicits distinct cellular and humoral immune responses that persist after aP vaccine boosting.
Gene Augmentation and Editing to Improve TCR Engineered T Cell Therapy against Solid Tumors
Authors: Lo Presti Vania , Buitenwerf Frank , van Til Niek P. , Nierkens Stefan
Published: December 2020

Recent developments in gene engineering technologies have drastically improved the therapeutic treatment options for cancer patients. The use of effective chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and recombinant T cell receptor engineered T (rTCR-T) cells has entered the clinic for treatment of hematological malignancies with promising results. However, further fine-tuning, to improve functionality and safety, is necessary to apply these strategies for the treatment of solid tumors. The immunosuppressive microenvironment, the surrounding stroma, and the tumor heterogeneity often results in poor T cell reactivity, functionality, and a diminished infiltration rates, hampering the efficacy of the treatment. The focus of this review is on recent advances in rTCR-T cell therapy, to improve both functionality and safety, for potential treatment of solid tumors and provides an overview of ongoing clinical trials. Besides selection of the appropriate tumor associated antigen, efficient delivery of an optimized recombinant TCR transgene into the T cells, in combination with gene editing techniques eliminating the endogenous TCR expression and disrupting specific inhibitory pathways could improve adoptively transferred T cells. Armoring the rTCR-T cells with specific cytokines and/or chemokines and their receptors, or targeting the tumor stroma, can increase the infiltration rate of the immune cells within the solid tumors. On the other hand, clinical “off-tumor/on-target” toxicities are still a major potential risk and can lead to severe adverse events. Incorporation of safety switches in rTCR-T cells can guarantee additional safety. Recent clinical trials provide encouraging data and emphasize the relevance of gene therapy and gene editing tools for potential treatment of solid tumors.
Removing Nutrients from Crab-Breeding Wastewater by a Floating Plant–Effective Microorganism Bed
Authors: Chen Lina , Ling Hong , Tan Junyi , Shao Xiaohou
Published: December 2020

Effective microorganism treatment, a low-cost and remediation measure that with no secondary pollution, was conducted in aquaculture wastewater. Unfortunately, effective microorganism erosion caused by the momentum of water flow under in situ conditions limits the treatment effect. In the channel test, a floating plant bed coupled with the effective microorganism was used to treat crab-breeding wastewater. This study explored the effect of plant coverage and hydraulic loading on aquaculture wastewater purification in the floating plant bed–effective microorganism coupled system. The results show that the effect of the coupled treatment effect is much better than pure microorganism treatment. The pollutant degradation coefficient has a significantly positive correlation with the length of the floating plant bed. A plant coverage rate of 30% and effluent hydraulic loading of 1.0 m3/m2·day are optimum floating plant bed–effective microorganism test conditions. Once the coverage rate exceeded 30%, the increase in the CODMn removal efficiency was not clear. At the same time, the high plant coverage inhibited the oxygen capacity in the water body, which directly led to a decrease in the degradation ability of organic matter by the plant. The biology–ecology coupled technology proposed in this study overcame the shortcomings of the easy-to-lose effective microorganism during the traditional unfixed process and improved the stability of the processing system. It strengthened the crab-breeding wastewater remediation effect. For an in situ application, the artificial restoration system 1 km in length was efficient, and the discharge met the standard at the end of the river.
Distribution of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Volcanic Lakes of the Azores Islands
Authors: Cordeiro Rita , Luz Rúben , Vilaverde Joana , Vasconcelos Vitor , Fonseca Amélia , Gonçalves Vítor
Published: December 2020

Eutrophication and global climate change gather advantageous conditions for cyanobacteria proliferation leading to bloom formation and cyanotoxin production. In the Azores, eutrophication is a major concern, mainly in lakes where fertilizers and organic matter discharges have increased nutrient concentration. In this study, we focused on understanding the influence of environmental factors and lake characteristics on (i) cyanobacteria diversity and biomass and (ii) the presence of toxic strains and microcystin, saxitoxin, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin cyanotoxin-producing genes. Fifteen lakes from the Azores Archipelago were sampled seasonally, environmental variables were recorded in situ, cyanobacteria were analyzed with microscopic techniques, and cyanotoxin-producing genes were targeted through conventional PCR. Statistical analysis (DistLM) showed that lake typology-associated variables (lake’s depth, area, and altitude) were the most explanatory variables of cyanobacteria biomass and cyanotoxin-producing genes presence, although trophic variables (chlorophyll a and total phosphorus) influence species distribution in each lake type. Our main results revealed higher cyanobacteria biomass/diversity, and higher toxicity risk in lakes located at lower altitudes, associated with deep anthropogenic pressures and eutrophication scenarios. These results emphasize the need for cyanobacteria blooms control measures, mainly by decreasing anthropogenic pressures surrounding these lakes, thus decreasing eutrophication. We also highlight the potential for microcystin, saxitoxin, and anatoxin-a production in these lakes, hence the necessity to implement continuous mitigation protocols to avoid environmental and public health toxicity events.
The Subsurface Geology and Landscape Evolution of the Volturno Coastal Plain, Italy: Interplay between Tectonics and Sea-Level Changes during the Quaternary
Authors: Corrado Giuseppe , Amodio Sabrina , Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Pappone Gerardo , Schiattarella Marcello
Published: December 2020

The Volturno alluvial-coastal plain is a relevant feature of the Tyrrhenian side of southern Italy. Its plan-view squared shape is due to Pliocene-Quaternary block-faulting of the western flank of the south-Apennines chain. On the basis of the stratigraphic analysis of almost 700 borehole logs and new geomorphological survey, an accurate paleoenvironmental reconstruction before and after the Campania Ignimbrite (CI; about 40 ky) eruption is here presented. Tectonics and eustatic forcing have been both taken into account to completely picture the evolution of the coastal plain during Late Quaternary times. The upper Pleistocene-Holocene infill of the Volturno plain has been here re-organized in a new stratigraphic framework, which includes seven depositional units. Structural analysis showed that two sets of faults displaced the CI, so accounting for recent tectonic activity. Yet Late Quaternary tectonics is rather mild, as evidenced by the decametric vertical separations operated by those faults. The average slip rate, which would represent the tectonic subsidence rate of the plain, is about 0.5 mm/year. A grid of cross sections shows the stratigraphic architecture which resulted from interactions among eustatic changes, tectonics and sedimentary input variations. On the basis of boreholes analysis, the trend of the CI roof was reconstructed. An asymmetrical shape of its ancient morphology—with a steeper slope toward the north-west border—and the lack of coincidence between the present course of the Volturno River and the main buried bedrock incision, are significant achievements of this study. Finally, the morpho-evolutionary path of the Volturno plain has been discussed.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Chemically Characterized Microplastics within the Protected Area of Pelagos Sanctuary (NW Mediterranean Sea): Focus on Natural and Urban Beaches
Authors: Merlino Silvia , Locritani Marina , Bernardi Gabriele , Como Carlotta , Legnaioli Stefano , Palleschi Vincenzo , Abbate Marinella
Published: December 2020

Data on the abundance and distribution of Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) on the coastal areas of the northern Tyrrhenian coast are still scarce. The objective of this study is to characterize, in terms of size, color, morphology and polymeric nature, the Large Microplastics (LMPs), i.e., plastic objects within 1 and 5 mm, sampled on three beaches located within the coastal macro-area of the Pelagos Sanctuary, an international protected zone in the north-western Mediterranean. The beaches have similar morphological characteristics but different degrees of urbanization. LMPs were sampled seasonally for one year. The polymeric nature of a representative subsample of the collected LMPs was investigated using a portable Raman instrument, to assess the feasibility of in situ characterization. In this study, 26,486 items were sorted by typology (Expanded Polystyrene-EPS, fragments, and resin pellets), size, and for fragments and resin pellets, also by color and chemical nature. Statistical data on the quantity, density, type, spatial distribution, and seasonality of the sampled LMPs are presented. Differences in LMP abundance and composition were detected among sites. A seasonality trend emerges from our statistical analysis, depending on both LMP typology and urbanization degrees of the beaches. Our data do not show the existence of a relationship between the size of the investigated MPs and their color, while they suggest that the type of polymer influences the degree of fragmentation. This underlines the need to further investigate the mechanisms leading to the production and dispersion of MPs in coastal areas, taking into account both the urbanization of the beach, and therefore the possible sources of input, and the different types of MPs. Finally, a Raman portable instrument proved to be a valuable aid in performing in situ polymeric characterization of LMPs.
Sustainable Exploitation of Dominant Fishes in the Largest Estuary in Southeastern China
Authors: Wang Linlong , Lin Li , Li Yuan , Xing Yankuo , Kang Bin
Published: December 2020

Globally, marine fisheries have declined under multiple stresses including overfishing, climate change, and habitat degradation. The Min River Estuary, as the largest estuary in southeastern China, has confronted this situation over recent decades. In this study, the dominant species of fish stocks in the Min River Estuary, including Coilia mystus, Cynoglossus abbreviates, Collichthys lucidus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Polydactylus sextarius, Harpodon nehereus, and Secutor ruconius, were evaluated by the length-based Bayesian biomass estimator method (LBB). Outcomes could be grouped into three categories as healthy, showing the lowest exploitation rate (E: 0.31–0.43) and highest relative biomass (B/Bmsy: 1.30–1.90), including S. ruconius, C. mystus, and H. nehereus; overfished, with a medium E (0.50–0.58) and B/Bmsy (0.68–0.79), including A. hexanema and C. abbreviates; and collapsed, with the highest E (0.89–0.92) and lowest B/Bmsy (0.03–0.21), including C. lucidus and P.sextarius. Corresponding imperative countermeasures such as using larger-sized mesh gears and reducing fishing intensity should be deployed according to the current status of each species for sustainable fishery exploitation and fish conservation.
Isoscape of δ18O in Precipitation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Assessment and Improvement
Authors: Shi Yudong , Wang Shengjie , Zhang Mingjun , Argiriou Athanassios A. , Guo Rong , Song Yang , Zhu Xiaofan
Published: December 2020

The spatial distribution of stable water isotopes (also known as an isoscape) in precipitation has drawn increasing attention during the recent years. In this study, based on the observations at 32 stations, we assessed two widely applied global isoscape products (Regionalized Cluster-based Water Isotope Prediction (RCWIP) and Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator (OIPC)) at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and then established an improved isoscape of oxygen isotopes in precipitation on a monthly basis using a regionalized fuzzy cluster method. Two fuzzy clusters can be determined, which is consistent using three meteorological data. The monthly isoscapes show the seasonal movement of high and low isotopic value regions across the QTP and reveal the influences of monsoon and westerly moisture. According to the cross validation, the δ18O in precipitation in the new monthly isoscapes for the QTP we propose performs better compared to the existing global products. To create a regional isoscape in many other regions, the regionalized fuzzy cluster method can be considered especially for regions with complex controlling regimes of precipitation isotopes.
Phytoplankton Community Response to Nutrients, Temperatures, and a Heat Wave in Shallow Lakes: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Filiz Nur , Işkın Uğur , Beklioğlu Meryem , Öğlü Burak , Cao Yu , Davidson Thomas A. , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben L. , Jeppesen Erik
Published: December 2020

Phytoplankton usually responds directly and fast to environmental fluctuations, making them useful indicators of lake ecosystem changes caused by various stressors. Here, we examined the phytoplankton community composition before, during, and after a simulated 1-month heat wave in a mesocosm facility in Silkeborg, Denmark. The experiment was conducted over three contrasting temperature scenarios (ambient (A0), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 scenario (circa +3 °C, A2) and A2+ %50 (circa +4.5 °C, A2+)) crossed with two nutrient levels (low (LN) and high (HN)) with four replicates. The facility includes 24 mesocosms mimicking shallow lakes, which at the time of our experiment had run without interruption for 11 years. The 1-month heat wave effect was simulated by increasing the temperature by 5 °C (1 July to 1 August) in A2 and A2+, while A0 was not additionally heated. Throughout the study, HN treatments were mostly dominated by Cyanobacteria, whereas LN treatments were richer in genera and mostly dominated by Chlorophyta. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that high nutrient conditions were the most important structuring factor, which, regardless of temperature treatments and heat waves, increased total phytoplankton, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria biomasses and decreased genus richness and the grazing pressure of zooplankton. The effect of temperature was, however, modest. The effect of warming on the phytoplankton community was not significant before the heat wave, yet during the heat wave it became significant, especially in LN-A2+, and negative interaction effects between nutrient and A2+ warming were recorded. These warming effects continued after the heat wave, as also evidenced by Co-inertia analyses. In contrast to the prevailing theory stating that more diverse ecosystems would be more stable, HN were less affected by the heat wave disturbance, most likely because the dominant phytoplankton group cyanobacteria is adapted to high nutrient conditions and also benefits from increased temperature. We did not find any significant change in phytoplankton size diversity, but size evenness decreased in HN as a result of an increase in the smallest and largest size classes simultaneously. We conclude that the phytoplankton community was most strongly affected by the nutrient level, but less sensitive to changes in both temperature treatments and the heat wave simulation in these systems, which have been adapted for a long time to different temperatures. Moreover, the temperature and heat wave effects were observed mostly in LN systems, indicating that the sensitivity of phytoplankton community structure to high temperatures is dependent on nutrient availability.
Measurement and Modelling of Moisture Distribution and Water Binding Energy of Dredged Sludge
Authors: Mao Feiyan , Zhao Yingjie , Zhang Yiping , Chen Zhou , Yin Lu
Published: December 2020

The dewatering of dredged sludge is a critical step in the minimization and reutilization of this solid waste. However, there is a lack of available literature on the fundamental drying characteristics of dredged sludge. In this work, two kinds of typical sludge dredged from an urban watercourse were tested by low-field NMR to investigate the water distribution in sludge and it was found that water contained in sludge can be classified into three categories: free water, capillary water and bound water. In addition, a novel model was proposed based on the Lennard-Jones equation and Kelvin law to quantitatively evaluate the binding energy during drying. Further, the model results were experimentally verified by thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Results show that the trends of the model are consistent with the experimental values and the gradient of energy consumption during dehydration can be divided into three main stages. In stage 1, the total energy required for dewatering equals the latent heat of free water. In stage 2, binding energy reaches dozens to hundreds of kJ/kg accounting for capillary action. In stage 3, binding energy increases steeply reaching almost thousands of kJ/kg due to intermolecular interactions. All the discovered aspects could improve the management and disposal of dredged sludge from an energy cost perspective.
Acinar Cystic Transformation of the Pancreatic Head
Authors:   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Shchadrova V.V. , Setdikova G.R. , Paklina O.V. , Baychorov M.E. , Kulezneva Yu.V. , Nikolskaya K.A. , Bordin D.S. , Khatkov I.Ye. ,   Botkin City Clinical Hospital,   Scientific-Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   Tver State Medical University
Published: December 2020

Acinar cystic transformation of the head of the pancreas, which is a non-tumor cystic lesion, in the most described in the literature cases does not have clinical symptoms and is being accidentally detected during the examination of patients. Indications for surgical treatment, as well as its scope, are determined individually with the participation of specialists in various fields. Prefered the organ-preserving operations, since this formation is benign.
O direito à moradia x Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida
Authors: Santos Lorran Kahel Melquiades , Manoel Marchiori Carazza Vale Otávio
Published: December 2020

A Constituição Federal de 1988 preconiza, como direito fundamental, o acesso a condições dignas de moradia, dessa forma, ao longo dos anos, foram desenvolvidos inúmeros programas governamentais objetivando conceder acesso a esse direito. Dentre eles, o mais recente, conhecido como Programa minha casa minha vida. Historicamente, as residências de interesse social são situadas nas bordas dos centros urbanos, em zonas de baixo custo de terra e incorporação. Com isso, objetiva-se verificar se o referido programa repete as ações dos anteriores, prejudicando ou não o real sentido do direito a condições dignas de habitar e acessar os serviços públicos. O estudo inicia-se com uma explanação sobre a forma de funcionamento do programa, seus objetivos, formas de atendimento ao público em geral. Posteriormente, passa-se a análise de empreendimentos do programa nas cidades de São João del-Rei e Barbacena, ambas situadas no interior de Minas Gerais, com características diferenciadas em relação aos grandes centros onde as relações de poder e valor da terra tornam-se expressivamente evidentes. A partir disso, pretende-se verificar se o posicionamento desses empreendimentos na mancha urbana garante, de fato, o acesso aos bens de serviço públicos que proporcionam o direito à moradia digna e apropriação da cidade conforme preconizado pela Constituição Federal. Os resultados apontam para um afastamento acentuado dos principais equipamentos públicos tais como, administração pública, hospitais, Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Escolas, tornando necessários os deslocamentos onerosos ao orçamento das famílias de baixa renda, o que elucida uma falsa impressão de concessão de direitos ao acesso a cidade. Concluí-se, portanto, que o combate a valorização das terras nas porções mais centrais das cidades pode proporcionar áreas melhores situadas para empreendimentos desse tipo, facilitando o acesso das camadas populacionais menos abastadas aos bens e serviços necessários para garantir o direito de habitar.
Perception and Attitudes of Residents Towards Impacts of Tourism: a research on environmentally sensitive region
Authors: Şahin Gizem , Akova Orhan
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Tourism has a social, cultural, economic and environmental impact on destinations. The positive or negative perception of these effects by residents has great importance for the continuation of tourism activities in one region. The aim of this study is to determine the perception and attitude of local people towards tourism and tourism support who have a great interest in nature-based tourism and who demonstrate a great reaction to the projects they believe will harm the nature such as hydroelectric power plants projects, Cerattepe Project and Green Road Project. A total of 449 data from residents living in Arhavi, Borçka, Artvin (Center) and Hopa districts were analyzed in the survey. In the course of testing hypotheses, variables such as age group, marital status, education status, working status, survival time in Artvin and county living in Artvin was evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis H Test; the gender factor was evaluated by the Mann Whitney test and the correlation analysis was made to determine tourism support. As a result of these analyzes, significant differences were found between demographic factors and the perception of tourism effects and tourism support. In addition, it has been determined that the people living in Artvin find favorable the economic, social, cultural and environmental effects of tourism and they support tourism.

Keywords: Resident. Perception. Attitudes. Tourism Impact.
The The Effect Of Values And Life Styles On Eating Out Expectation
Authors: Genç Gökhan , Sarıipek Semih , Sarıışık Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Within the recent marketing concept, providing customer satisfaction has become the major argument to sustain under fierce market competition from the perspective of restaurant entrepreneurs. To provide satisfaction, the ideal way is to meet the expectations of the customers. People with differentiated expectations and distinction of the characteristics are the factors, which make expectations difficult to find common ground. This also reveals the purpose of the study. The main objective of the study is to characterize the consumers with different expectations and experiences and to reveal how effective they are in the expectations of eating out. In that respect, a questionnaire survey was applied to 441 consumers, which were involved in food and beverage activities at 6 touristic restaurant entrepreneurs. As a consequence of the applied survey research, it is determined that the values and lifestyles of people have an effect on eating out expectations. The influences of consumer values and lifestyles on expectations have been demonstrated through certain variables. Therefore, it is thought that it will help food and beverage enterprises to analyse their target markets from this point of view and to maintain a more efficient business life by carrying out their activities such as establishment phases, service standards and marketing strategies.
CASA DE HÓSPEDES DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO: UMA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA PARA O ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DO CURSO DE TURISMO
Authors: Reis Schaper Mariana , De Carvalho Castro Carolina Lescura , Anthony Dias Navarro Rhuan , Santos Vinicius , Eustáquio Fonseca Filho Ricardo
Published: December 2020

A Casa de Hóspedes - CH proporciona hospedagem a pesquisadores, professores e outros profissionais qualificados, visitantes na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, durante o período de sua colaboração com a Instituição, assim como, utiliza o seu espaço para a pesquisa, ensino e extensão, atendendo principalmente ao curso de Turismo da Universidade nesse âmbito. Diante deste fato, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relevância da CH como prática pedagógica para o curso de Turismo da UFOP. Para realização da pesquisa de campo de caráter qualitativo, utilizou-se dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevista semiestruturada e formulário estruturado via Google Forms a amostra de 15 pessoas, sendo 4 docentes e 11 discentes que atuam ou que já atuaram na CH. Os resultados apontaram que, embora a CH precise ser aprimorada em alguns pontos específicos, ela consegue se posicionar como um local onde práticas e aprendizados diversos podem ser adquiridos. Com este trabalho, espera-se que novas pesquisas no tocante à CH sejam desenvolvidas, bem como uma reflexão a respeito da gestão do espaço físico pelo Departamento de Turismo da UFOP.
Malaria in New Zealand – Using Art Science to spread a message
Authors: Ong Jessica Jie Ying , Brain Emily
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.Mosquitos are the vectors for a variety of diseases and parasites, and pose a threat to both humans and animal species. While malaria is not a present threat to humans in New Zealand, avian malaria is infecting native species of birds and can affect future population growth.
Sinclair Wetlands: A case study of practice-led research in community projects
Authors: Lim Siau-Jiun
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.This paper documents two community art projects with Glen Reilly, kaitiaki for Sinclair Wetlands. It has two parts: research undertaken for the Sinclair Wetlands projects and a reflection on practiceled research as a methodology based on Sinclair Wetlands as the research topic. The Create Art and Plant Trees project was an area of investigation during my postgraduate study in 2019 to frame my research around human emotions within the natural environment. A second project for the “Art+Water: Mountains to the Sea” exhibition was a community-engaged art project, designed to foster collaborations and positive emotions between artists and the community. The framework consisted of a research topic supported with interdisciplinary theories, practice-led research methodology and studio practice. This paper demonstrates how practice-led projects influenced my postgraduate research and reflects on this learning experience from both academic and community perspectives.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УНІВЕРБАЛЬНОЇ ОМОНІМІЇ В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ
Authors: Дьячок Н. В.
Published: December 2020

Явище омонімії не втрачає своєї актуальності як об’єкт дослідження в межах російськомовного мовного матеріалу. Зацікавленість ним пов’язана з появою омонімів на сучасному етапі розвитку мови. Спостереження демонструють різнотипність наявних омонімічних одиниць, що виникли раніше і з’являються зараз унаслідок активних процесів, що відбуваються на всіх рівнях лінгвосистеми. Новітній матеріал сучасної російської мови демонструє наявність універбальної омонімії, яка характеризується дублетністю синтетичних та аналітичних найменувань, з одного боку, і словесною, омонімічною універбу, одиницею, – з іншого. Метою дослідження постало виявлення особливостей універбів, 1) омонімічних іншим універбам, 2) омонімічних лексемам, що виникли в мові раніше за них. Основним принципом організації одиниць, що збігаються структурно, фонетично та графічно, є принцип лінгвальної аналогії, втілений у прагненні мовленнєвих і мовних елементів до структурної уніфікації. Причини появи универбів-омонімів зазначеного зразка зумовлені, окрім універсальних, індивідуальними закономірностями. Тому процес виникнення в мові досліджуваних омонімічних одиниць є більш складним, ніж звичайний процес омонімізації. Однією з причин появи таких лексичних омонімів постає дія активних процесів у російській мові, серед яких провідну роль відіграє універбація. Матеріал дослідження дозволив виділити два типи універбальних омонімів, репрезентованих такими корелятами: 1) універб-омонім – слово-омонім, 2) універб-омонім – універб-омонім. Доволі часто універбальні омоніми другого типу представлені квазіунівербами. Омонімічні утворення обох типів належать до різних мовних одиниць – номінатем. Порушена в статті проблема вимагає подальшого розгляду, прикінцева мета якого – укладання спеціальних словників універбальних омонімів.
РОЛЬ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ У РОЗРОБЦІ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ ЗА НОВИХ УМОВ РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: Денисенко І. Д. , Свистун І. Ю.
Published: December 2020

An attempt to define the role of public organizations in development and realization of social politics in Ukraine in the conditions of orientation of Ukrainian society on integration with European Union is undertaken in the article.

For the achievement of the put aim it is suggested to be foremost determined in maintenance of key concepts presenting this process is «social politics», «public organizations/association». It is then suggested to consider moments that influence on a development and realization of social politics process in the democratic state. An accent is done on the all-round analysis of group of factors able to provide the high level of efficiency of activity of modern associations of the «third sector» in this direction (namely, on a study: traditions and specific of functioning of public organizations/associations in Ukrainian society; table of contents and features of cooperation of public associations and power structures and establishments; level of collaboration and problems of dialogue between different eleemosynary and ungovernmental organizations in a country; structure and forms of cooperation between subjects that develop and will realize social politics in the state).

As a result of this analysis for the improvement of level of organization and realization of this process offered, first of all, to carry out the system updating of all his structural elements. The special attention it is suggested to turn on maintenance and features of cooperation of public associations and power structures and level of collaboration between different eleemosynary and ungovernmental organizations in a country in the context of perfection of the political and legal field of functioning of her social space on the whole (from legitimate expansion of possibilities of bringing in of public organizations to making and making decision in social politics at one level with other her competent subjects to realization of the effective checking system after the actions of government bodies from the side of the organized public with the purpose of their concordance and accordance to public interests).
ФЕНОМЕН «СУЧАСНИЙ ПОПУЛІЗМ» У КОНТЕКСТІ РИЗИКІВ І ВИКЛИКІВ ЛІБЕРАЛЬНИХ ДЕМОКРАТІЙ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Житко А. О.
Published: December 2020

In the article attempts of description and analyze of research studies are undertaken, which are recognized in the modern scientific world as «strong points» in the study of the phenomenon of populism, in particular - G. Ionesk, E. Gellner, D. Bell, M. Kenovan, P. Tagart, E. Laclau, I. Me, I. Sorel et other, and the latest Western and domestic theoretical constructs, which lead to the knowledge and the nature and essence of the phenomenon of «modern populism», namely - Z. Bauman, W. Beck, F. Venturi, A. Grimimal-Buss, K. Davyst, J. Judis, R. Itwell, J.-V. Muller, T. Snyder, etc.; T. Andrushchenko, V. Bebyk, S. Datsyuk, I. Kiananka, G. Kuts, O. Lisnichuk, L. Matlai, I. Pobochi, T. Pryadko, T. Rad, O. Yarosha and others. It is determined that the overwhelming majority of modern researchers express a consolidated position on the complexity of definition («populism is the phenomenon dispersed, i.e. it is a component of many political phenomena, embodied in various ideological forms and political strategies») and a huge variety of manifestation of modern populism D. Trump (USA), Brexit (UK), Yellow Vest Movement (France), Five Star Movement (Italy), Podemos (Spain), G. Wilders (Netherlands), V. Orban (Hungary), R. Erdogan (Turkey), etc.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the «global success of populists» in the 21st century creates a real threat to liberal-democratic values - individual freedom, pluralism, free speech, free elections, etc. The key factors that provoked «the outburst of populism» are characterized, in particular, the dominance of the contemporary voter in the socio-political moods of feelings of «disappointment», «confusion», «uncertainty» and others. The author attempts to find effective strategies for counteracting «aggressive populism» in the context of the mediation of contemporary political processes, in particular, the formation of critical thinking and media literacy of the modern voter. It is stated that the «wave» of populism also seized the political space of modern Ukraine, in which the mediation of political processes created a new format of communication between voters and politicians, which, in fact, attested to the results of recent presidential and parliamentary election campaigns.
КОНТРОВЕРСІЙНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСУ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВЛАДИ НА СУМЩИНІ: ПОЛІТИКО-ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Куц Г. М. , Нестеренко В. В.
Published: December 2020

З 2014 року в Україні здійснюється реформа децентралізації влади. Побічним ефектом від реформи децентралізації, який певним чином нівелював її успіхи на Сумщині, став конфлікт між Сумською обласною радою та Сумською міською радою, що розпочався у кінці 2018 р. і набув суттєвого загострення у 2019 р. Конфлікт пов’язаний з перереєстрацією підприємств обласної комунальної власності поза територією обласного центру.

Власне кажучи, така ситуація не сприяє суспільно-політичній стабільності в регіоні, оскільки існує ризик збурення громадськості. Зазначено, що через протистояння двох владних легітимних структур регіонального рівня існує ризик катастрофічного зниження рівня довіри населення до владних інститутів взагалі. Це потенційно формуватиме в очах населення образ держави як слабкої та нездатної у кризові моменти захистити своїх громадян. Через зменшення рівня надходжень податків до бюджету Сум можлива ситуація, коли будуть недофінансовані або взагалі зупинені соціальні програми та виплати мешканцям міста, що значно підірве авторитет центральної влади. Найгіршим є те, що означені ситуації протистоянь нівелюють успіхи реформи децентралізації.
Covid and Pregnancy: The Possibility of Ambulatory
Authors: Guennoun. A Loutfi. , M Khouchoua. , A Rjafallah. , S Mesnane. , KH Sniter. , S Lafkir.
Published: December 2020

In the current pandemic context linked to COVID 19, which has and which continues to mark our daily lives, we considered useful to share our data concerning pregnant women affected by this disease at the level of the province of Meknes (Morocco), which is a province of 835,695 inhabitants. Our experience concerns 11 patients confirmed positive for COVID, collected since the start of the pandemic in our country on 02/03/2020 to date on 01/10/2020 based on the data recorded in patient files archived at the level of the provincial reference center. This work traces the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, management methods, and the evolution of the various parturients to date. The conclusion of this work remains comparable to the literature with one particularity: the care and the follow-up of 10 patients out of 11 (91%) was done with medical surveillance at home.
VESICULITE SEMINAL EM GARANHÕES
Authors: Scheeren Verônica Flores da Cunha , Cavalero Thaís Mendes Sanches , Gobato Mariana Luiza Mezzena , Canuto Lucas Emanuel Ferreira , Papa Frederico Ozanam
Published: December 2020

Os garanhões possuem um conjunto completo de glândulas sexuais acessórias, compostas pelas bulbouretrais, a próstata, vesículas seminais e ampolas dos ductos deferentes. Dentre as afecções que acometem essas estruturas, a vesiculite seminal é a de maior ocorrência, consistindo na colonização de uma ou ambas as vesículas por bactérias, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosa a mais frequente. No ejaculado é observada uma grande percentagem de neutrófilos e, eventualmente, hemácias podem estar presentes, caracterizando os quadros de piospermia e hemospermia, respectivamente. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por meio da endoscopia transuretral das vesículas, onde é possível visualizar o conteúdo purulento, associado à cultura bacteriana do lavado da glândula. O tratamento é desafiador, pois a antibioticoterapia apresenta baixa eficácia, com altas taxas de recidiva.
TWO-LAYER STEEL FOR CRITICAL METAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Pervukhina O. L. , Denisov I. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses main methods for obtaining and application of large-sized bimetal: batch rolling, electric arc welding, electroslag surfacing with subsequent rolling, explosion welding. Test results of double-layer steels sheets and experience in bimetal production prove this technology availability for critical metal structures in petrochemical and nuclear engineering or shipbuilding. The universality of the industrial explosion welding allows production of wide range bimetal compounds of 100% integrity both for a single sheet and large-tonnage lots (several hundred tons) and practically unlimited sizes. The features of heat treatment for various bimetals after explosion welding are presented.
COMBINED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ARMORED STEEL
Authors: Shishkin T. A. , Pervukhin L. B.
Published: December 2020

Foreign and domestic experience has shown the prospects of using heterogeneous multilayer armor instead of homogeneous. Studies have shown that the method of explosion welding for low-plastic and high-strength steels has limitations on the thickness of the thrown plate of 10-12 mm, which allows us to recommend it for the production of multilayer composite armor. The combined technology (explosion welding + hot batch rolling) provides a three-layer armor plate with an intermediate layer of plastic steel with high strength properties and a defect-free joint structure. The introduction of layers of plastic metals into the composition of multi-layer armor makes it possible to increase the armor resistance. The combined technology can be recommended for the production of wear-resistant and armored bimetal.
COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH SELF-SHARPENING EFFECT OBTAINED BY EXPLOSION WELDING
Authors: Kryukov D. B. , Krivenkov A. O. , Chugunov S. N. , Mezhevova D. V.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the state of the art of obtaining wear-resistant cutting tools. The expediency of manufacturing a composite cutting tool by explosion welding is shown. The analysis of the microstructure and properties of the composite material after explosion welding and subsequent annealing is presented.
Determining the Level of Bacteriological Pollution Level in Gelevera Creek, Giresun
Authors: AKKAN Tamer , ÇOLAKER Fatmagül
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteriological pollution level of Gelevera Creek (Giresun). For this purpose, a total of 48 water samples was collected from 4 different stations between April 2017-March 2018 and bacteriological parameters were analyzed using the standard methods. Bacteriologically, total count of bacteria at 37°C from water and sediment samples, and count of total coliform bacteria (TC), fecal coliform bacteria (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), E. coli from surface water samples were determined.

The percentages for TC, FC and FS presence in surface water samples were 100%, 100%, 93,75% respectively. In addition, E. coli were determined in collected samples for almost all seasons. The levels of total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci exceeded the values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and values that are set according to Turkish standards. This issue is likely to cause serious and irreparable damage to the streamline.

As a result, it was determined that surface water samples collected from Gelevera Creek are bacteriological polluted. Hence in this study, regular monitoring and assessment by using appropriate methods to reduce the bacterial load in the Gelevera Creek Basin are recommended.