bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the circularity of economic systems
Authors:   Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Kuzoma Vitalii
Published: March 2024

In the conditions of the transformation of modern society, due to the spread and introduction of the Internet, digital data, robotics, and artificial intelligence, all spheres of human life are changing. Over the past decade, the circular economy has been actively implemented in developed countries, eliminating the outdated linear economy, the disadvantages of which are the depletion of natural resources and the aggravation of environmental problems. The construction of a circular economy involves global changes at all stages of the production process, starting from the production and sales chain to the introduction of new business models, preservation, and extension of the service life of products (conservation of natural resources), recycling of waste into a resource, as well as the introduction of new forms of conscious consumer behavior. A critical condition for activating the intensification of the transition to the circular economy model is creating a comprehensive methodological tool for assessing its development, which is necessary for effective strategic and program planning at the state level. It is noted that low rates characterize the progress of circular transformations. Along with this, the methodical level of assessing the circularity of economic systems of different levels and their effectiveness remains quite complex and debatable. Many international organizations, national governments, and their associations are searching for effective methods and approaches to evaluating the development of circular processes. The main methodical approaches that are widespread in practice today are analyzed: the umbrella approach, material flow approach, circulation, assessment based on standards, and integrated approach. Two critical directions of evaluating the circularity of economic processes (technical and biological) are currently popular, characterized by their monitoring and evaluation indicators system. The multifaceted nature of indicators for evaluating circular macro-level processes and the variety of conditions in which these processes are carried out led to the understanding of the need to create appropriate circular economy standards that would form a complete methodological basis for monitoring, comparison, and evaluation. Keywords: monitoring, economy, system, indicators, sustainable development.
Mitochondrial involvement in ferroptotic cell death
Authors: Munshi Chayan , Paul Tithi , Jas Kalpesh , Bose Mihieka , Bhattacharya Shelley
Published: March 2024

Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death pathophysiologically associated with the depletion of the antioxidant system due to iron overload, which results in excess lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria are crucial organelles known for their prominent involvement in various cellular metabolic activities and cell death processes. While our understanding of ferroptotic signaling pathways is advancing, further investigation into the intricate relationship between mitochondrial bio-process and this mode of cell death is necessary to identify effective biomedical therapeutic options targeting this organelle. However, the direct involvement of mitochondria in ferroptosis has remained a topic of debate due to the limited availability of concrete information to date. This review aims to elucidate the pathophysiological perspectives of mitochondria during ferroptotic cell death.
MEASURES TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PREPARATION FOR THE INSPECTION OF THE CRIME SCENE
Authors:   Lecturer at the Department of Criminal Procedure Law of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ugli Juraev Farkhodjon Makhmudjon
Published: March 2024

In this article, the nature of the investigative action of inspecting the scene of the incident, the concept of the stage of preparation for examining the scene of the incident. There has also been an attempt to improve the preparation for the survey in order to improve the effectiveness of the survey of the scene. To this end, in the practice of Investigation, measures have been developed that will be carried out precisely on the issue under consideration, in preparation for consideration in any situation. It has been proposed to strengthen the issue of preparing for the incident in the legislation in order to increase the responsibility of the participants in the survey of the scene, to ensure the effectiveness of the investigative action.
THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE LEVELS ON PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF SORGHUM VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF BUKHARA REGION
Authors:   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Kholliev Askar , Juraeva O.T. ,   Teacher, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2024

The article presents the data obtained based on the study of productivity characteristics of the Karabash, Massino, Samurai, Uzbek Pakana and Uzbek-18 varieties of sorghum under different moisture conditions. It was determined that some of the indicators that determine the productivity in different moisture conditions - the growth rate of the varieties, the expansion of the leaf surface, the net productivity of photosynthesis, etc., change at different levels in the cross-section of the varieties, depending on the level of their resistance.
Student’s Entry Requirement System: An Initiative to Ease Enrollment Process By IJISRT
Authors: Ann F. Francisco Leilanie
Published: March 2024

Today’s generation is considered as computer age. A lot of automated systems were developed to make one’s life easier and more comfortable to live with. As digital natives wanted to develop a software which could somehow help the Tario-Lim National Memorial High School of Tibiao, Antique, so does the students. This study developed a Student’s Entry Requirement System of the Tario-Lim National Memorial High School of Tibiao, Antique which aimed to make the manual based entrance application into an automated one. This study was composed of five chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the Introduction with a sub-topics, Background of the study, statement of the problem, assumptions, paradigm of the study, conceptual framework of the study, significance of the study, definition of terms and the scope and delimitation of the study. Chapter 2 was the Review of Literature and Related Studies. Chapter 3 defines the Methodology which deals with the Research Design, the Development of the study which is composed of seven (7) stages, the sample and the instrument used to evaluate the study. Chapter 4 was the Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data which is presented in tabular form, analyzed and interpreted based on the appropriate statistical tools. It was in Chapter 5 were the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations were done and performed. This study could be used by next generation’s IT Researchers.
Effects of Soil Tillage on the Agronomic Performance of Maize-Soybean Intercropping in Dry Land North Lombok, Indonesia By IJISRT
Authors: Astiko Wahyu , Laksmi Ernawati Ni Made , Silawibawa I Putu
Published: March 2024

If land processing techniques on dry land are not carried out correctly, it can cause soil erosion and poorer soil fertility. Therefore, one way that can be done to prevent the soil from becoming sour is through proper soil processing accompanied by the addition of bio- ameliorants to the soil. This research aims to determine the effect of soil tillage on the agronomic performance of corn and soybean intercropping on dry land in North Lombok, Indonesia. The research was conducted from May to July 2023 in Pemenang Barat Village, Pemenang District, and North Lombok Regency. The study used an experimental method in the field using a randomized block design by testing five tillage techniques, i.e., Oo: without tillage; O1: without tillage, only sprayed with pre-growth herbicides before planting; O2: minimum tillage is only hoeing; O3: simple tillage and leveling; and O4: intensive tillage by hoeing, loosening, and leveling. The results showed that treatment-intensive and complete processing can increase the growth performance and biomass yield of maize and soybean intercropping. Treatment-intensive and complete processing can improve the performance of intercropping maize and soybeans in the dry land of North Lombok. To improve the agronomic performance of maize-soybean intercropping in the dry land of North Lombok, the best results are obtained using intensive and complete processing accompanied by the addition of bio-ameliorant at a dose of 15 tons per ha.
A Socio Economic Exploration of Bediya Community of Rasabeda Village in Pursuit of Sustainable Development By IJISRT
Authors: Katiyar Ashu , Kura Sreeja
Published: March 2024

Tribal communities have been an integral and captivating part of Indian society since the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. India is home to the second-largest tribal population in the world. Spread all across the country, these communities have rich traditions, vibrant cultures, and unique lifestyles. One such major tribal community is Bediya. This study is focused on bediya settlement in Rasabeda, a village in the hills of the Chota Nagpur plateau. The settlement is highly vulnerable and underdeveloped. The study aims to examine the socio- economic challenges faced by the Bediya residents, highlighting the community's current state of pervasive poverty and undernourishment. The aim of the research is to present a detailed analysis of Rasabeda by employing a multifaceted approach encompassing economic, demographic, social, livelihood, health, education, and agricultural dimensions. The research seeks to contribute valuable insights into fostering lasting development in the Bediya community. The findings of this study hold significance while implementing effective strategies for sustainable growth and improvement within similar contexts.
Testing Stock Market Anomalies in Nifty 50 Stocks: An Empirical Analysis in the Indian Context By IJISRT
Authors: Jhanwar Pranav , P Srikanth
Published: March 2024

Stock market anomalies are persistent patterns in stock returns that traditional financial models cannot explain. Anomalies challenge the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), which states that all information is reflected in stock prices. This research aims to test the stock market anomalies in Nifty 50 stocks in India. The study will use various statistical methods to examine a range of calendar anomalies. The findings of this study will have important implications for investors and policymakers. If anomalies are found to exist, investors may be able to generate abnormal returns by exploiting them. Policymakers may also be interested in understanding the causes of anomalies and their impact on the overall market. This process involves examining a large dataset of stocks within the Nifty 50 index to identify any patterns or trends that may be considered abnormal or unexpected. By conducting this analysis, investors and financial analysts can gain deeper insights into the behaviour of the stock market in India and make more informed investment decisions. This study is significant for several reasons: it is one of the few studies to examine stock market anomalies in the Indian market; the study uses comprehensive statistical methods to test for anomalies. The study is expected to find evidence of some stock market anomalies in Nifty 50 stocks. The study's conclusions will have an impact on investors and policymakers.
Fake Reviews Identifying Machine Learning Technology on Online Food Porters By IJISRT
Authors: Naga Veni L. Satya , Padmapriya M. Jahnavi , Vasarao P. Srinu
Published: March 2024

Wherever we go we will definitely look for food without any time limit. The food is an all-time emotion for everyone. Mainly if anyone visits the new place, he/she is excited to look for good food within less budget, with good management, maintenance and neatness. Zomato is a digital platform that serves as a one-stop destination is ordering food from various restaurants. It users with an extensive data set of restaurants, menus, user reviews, and ratings, allowing them to browse. Zomato is such an interesting app which provides users with more comforts like how many users are approaching to the Zomato, ratings, reviews, restaurants data sets, fast hand delivery, to easily track the order by push up notifications or delivery boy phone number. Mainly Zomato has many facilities whatever food we need we can easily order within seconds. The Zomato has many different food items in different locations within the city/town but some times the restaurants are closed early. Mostly everyone looks for the best biriyanis within their area because the biriyani is not a food but its an heartful emotion who really look for it. Can use supervised machine learning algorithms as logistic regression, naive Bayes or support vector machines, classify the reviews as fake or genuine based on this feature. Every order served by the delivery boy has the charge for delivery. In the present modernized world, fame of food applications is expanding because of usefulness, view, book or request effectively by not very many snaps on telephone. Online reviews have become very easy to take users insight to get the good food in this app. has made it is solid and is currently present in 22countries with more than 1,000,000 eateries around the world and gets 1.25 million orders day to day.
A Short Intense Dynamo at the Onset of Crystallization in White Dwarfs
Authors: Fuentes J. R. , Castro-Tapia Matias , Cumming Andrew
Published: March 2024

The origin of large magnetic fields (≳106 G) in isolated white dwarfs is not clear. One possible explanation is that crystallization of the star’s core drives compositional convection, which when combined with the star’s rotation, can drive a dynamo. However, whether convection is efficient enough to explain the large intensity of the observed magnetic fields is still under debate. Recent work has shown that convection in cooling white dwarfs spans two regimes: efficient convection at the onset of crystallization, and thermohaline convection during most of the star’s cooling history. Here, we calculate the properties of crystallization-driven convection for cooling models of several white dwarfs of different masses. We combine mixing-length theory with scalings from magnetorotational convection to estimate the typical magnitude of the convective velocity and induced magnetic field for both scenarios. In the thermohaline regime, we find velocities ∼10−6–10−5 cm s−1, with fields restricted to ≲ 100 G. However, when convection is efficient, the flow velocity can reach magnitudes of ∼102–103 cm s−1, with fields of ∼106–108 G, independent of the star’s rotation rate. Thus, dynamos driven at the onset of crystallization could explain the large intensity magnetic fields measured for single white dwarfs.
DEVELOPING SITUATIONAL CONDITIONS AND PROGRAM CODES FOR PARALLEL SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS SOLVER BASED ON CONIC UMBRA/SUNLIT MODELS
Authors: Atanassov Atanas
Published: March 2024

The search for optimal time intervals for satellite operations performance is based on verifying specific conditions of geometric or physical nature. Several conditions are combined in a situational problem. To be able to solve different situational problems, it is necessary to develop program codes for verifying different situational conditions in advance. Two situational conditions for determining if the satellite is in the sunlit zone or the umbra based on the conical models of the earth's shadow are presented. Necessary (but not sufficient) conditions are introduced to locate the satellite in the umbra or the sunlit zone, respectively. These conditions simplify the calculations and increase the computational efficiency for a large part of the satellite orbit. Problems with one or more conditions are solved by a developed parallel solver for situational analysis. Conditions checking the position of a satellite relative to the Earth's shadow can be combined with other situational conditions. A model of description of situational conditions is shown.
OBSERVATION OF SPECTRAL INDICES PERFORMANCE FOR POST-FIRE FOREST MONITORING
Authors: Avetisyan Daniela , Stankova Nataliya
Published: March 2024

Monitoring post-fire forest disturbances and subsequent recovery is vital for management and preservation purposes of the forest ecosystems. This study aimed to assess forests’ damages and regrowth dynamics after fire using remotely sensed data and to compare its reliability for post-fire monitoring in different forest environments. This paper compared forest regrowth dynamics applying selected spectral indices – Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI), Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), and Differenced Disturbance Index (dDI). The post-fire environmental impact and recovery processes were performed on the territory of the three fires in Bulgaria – Ardino, Bistrishko branishte, and Perperek.
AFM ANALYSIS OF GLASSY CARBON COATINGS AFTER AN EXTENDED STAY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)
Authors: Bouzekova-Penkova Anna , Simeonova Silviya , Teodosiev Dimiter
Published: March 2024

In this paper we present the results of atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is applied to characterize the surface morphology of graphite samples with glassy carbon coatings is developed, stored for 28 months under different conditions. One sample was stored on Earth at room temperature and second one was mounted on the outer side of the International Space Station.
XPS INVESTIGATION OF THE WORK FUNCTION OF GLASS CARBON COATINGS AFTER EXTENDED STAY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)
Authors: Tsanev Aleksandar , Grigorov Korneli , Kolev Hristo , Bouzekova-Penkova Anna , Tsyntsarski Boyko , Tsvetkov Peter , Teodosiev Dimitar
Published: March 2024

Using XPS, the electron work function values on the surface of glassy carbon coatings of graphite samples, after an extended stay on a board of the ISS in open space conditions, were investigated. The results were compared with the characteristics of glassy carbon coatings of samples left on the ground for the same period. It was found that the electron work function does not change significantly, and this proves the possibilities of successfully application of these coatings, obtained by original Bulgarian technology, for space experiments on the board of satellites for measuring electric fields in the ionospheric-magnetospheric plasma. The minimal observed variations in the values of the electron work function are explained by small differences in the content of traces of different chemical elements on the surface of the coatings. It has been established that the glassy carbon coatings have stable characteristics after a long stay in space, despite the small fluctuations in the values of the electron work function. The results show that glassy carbon coatings are chemically and mechanically stable. The obtained results of this original technological experiment are unique for development of sensitive elements - sensors for measuring weak electric fields in the cosmic plasma.
IN-FLIGHT AND ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION OF LUNAR IMAGING SPECTROMETERS – A REVIEW
Authors: Ivanov Iskren , Filchev Lachezar
Published: March 2024

Lunar imaging spectrometers play a leading role in the study of the Moon’s mineral composition. The accuracy and reliability of the acquired data depend on the calibration process. Key stages of it include laboratory calibration, in-flight validation, on-orbit calibration, and cross-calibration. During these stages, a variety of techniques and methods are used for calibration with the aim of achieving higher radiometric accuracy when recording the spectral reflective characteristics of materials in scenes from the lunar surface. These methods include capturing well-known calibration astronomical targets and calibration sites, comparing data from previous lunar surface studies obtained from orbital devices or ground-based telescopes. On-board sources for calibration, such as lamps with a standardized emission spectrum, are also used. Capturing the Earth’s atmosphere for validation and calibration of data recorded by optical spectrometers is another method. The review presents an overview of techniques and methods used to calibrate optical spectrometers in flight to the Moon and in lunar orbit. This paper provides a review of the techniques and methods utilized for in-flight and on-orbit calibration of lunar imaging spectrometers, drawing from an extensive overview of referenced science papers.
Molecular and morphological data reveal two new species of Tropicoporus (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia and tropical Asia
Authors: Zhu An-Hong , Liu Zhan-Bo , Li Yue , Liu Hong-Gao , Yuan Yuan , He Shuang-Hui
Published: March 2024

Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination confirmed two new species in the tropical polypore genus Tropicoporus, T. oceanianus and T. zuzaneae, from Australia and tropical Asia, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the two DNA markers including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (nLSU) gene shows that these two new species form two independent lineages nested in the genus Tropicoporus. T. oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata, the occasional presence of hymenial setae, a trimitic hyphal structure in the context and a dimitic hyphal system in the trama, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2–6 × 4–5 μm. T. zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with distinct receding margin, glancing pores, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.9 × 3–4.2 µm. The differences among the new species and their phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.
Stochastic solitons of a short-wave intermediate dispersive variable (SIdV) equation
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Aldosary Saud Fahad , Khan Meraj Ali
Published: March 2024

It is necessary to utilize certain stochastic methods while finding the soliton solutions since several physical systems are by their very nature stochastic. By adding randomness into the modeling process, researchers gain deeper insights into the impact of uncertainties on soliton evolution, stability, and interaction. In the realm of dynamics, deterministic models often encounter limitations, prompting the incorporation of stochastic techniques to provide a more comprehensive framework. Our attention was directed towards the short-wave intermediate dispersive variable (SIdV) equation with the Wiener process. By integrating advanced methodologies such as the modified Kudrayshov technique (KT), the generalized KT, and the sine-cosine method, we delved into the exploration of diverse solitary wave solutions. Through those sophisticated techniques, a spectrum of the traveling wave solutions was unveiled, encompassing both the bounded and singular manifestations. This approach not only expanded our understanding of wave dynamics but also shed light on the intricate interplay between deterministic and stochastic processes in physical systems. Solitons maintained stable periodicity but became vulnerable to increased noise, disrupting predictability. Dark solitons obtained in the results showed sensitivity to noise, amplifying variations in behavior. Furthermore, the localized wave patterns displayed sharp peaks and periodicity, with noise introducing heightened fluctuations, emphasizing stochastic influence on wave solutions.
Utilizing AI for extracting insights on post WHO's COVID-19 vaccination declaration from X (Twitter) social network
Authors: Al Sailawi Ali S. Abed , Kangavari Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2024

This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze information from X (previously Twitter) feeds related to COVID-19, specifically focusing on the time following the World Health Organization's (WHO) vaccination announcement. This aspect of the pandemic has not been studied by other researchers focusing on vaccination news. By utilizing advanced AI algorithms, the research aims to examine a wealth of data, sentiments, and trends to enhance crisis management strategies effectively. Our methods involved collecting a dataset of tweets from December 2020 to July 2021. By using specific keywords strategically, we gathered a substantial 15.5 million tweets, focusing on important hashtags like #vaccine and #coronavirus while filtering out irrelevant replies and retweets. The assessment of three different machine learning models–BiLSTM, FFNN, and CNN – highlights the exceptional performance of BiLSTM, achieving an impressive F1-score of 0.84 on the test set, with Precision and Recall metrics at 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. The study provides a detailed visualization of global sentiments on COVID-19 topics, with a main goal of extracting insights to manage public health crises effectively. Sentiment labels were predicted using various classification models and categorized as positive, negative, and neutral for each country after adjusting for population differences. An important finding from the analysis is the variation in sentiments across regions, for instance, with Eastern European countries showing positive views on post-vaccination economic recovery, while China and the United States express negative opinions on the same topic.
Comparative Flexural Analysis of Cantilever Beam at Various Loads Using Analytical, Computational and Experimental Techniques
Authors: Abuye Ashenafi , Kibrete Fasikaw , Ayay Getaw , Gebrekidan Ermias
Published: March 2024

Measurement of strain and stress plays a crucial role in advancing research in mechanical engineering. In this paper, the bending strain and stress of the steel cantilever beam subjected to concentrated loads at the free end are investigated using analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches. The experimental investigation was carried out through the use of a strain gauge sensor connected with a Wheatstone quarter-bridge configuration. The strain gauge used in this experiment is interfaced with the NI SignalExpress software in conjunction with the NI modules to ensure accurate data acquisition. The experimental measurements provide essential benchmark values for comparison with the numerical results. The numerical simulation is developed using ANSYS Workbench. The comparison results show that the experimental values have good agreement with the simulated FEM and analytical values. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the bending strain characteristics of steel cantilever beams and contribute to the advancement of mechanical engineering research.
Occupational hazard in urolithiasis patients in Qatar: A single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhatti Kamran Hassan , Bapir Rawa , Sohail Nadeem , Gomha Faaz Salah , Shaat Ahmed H.A. , Channa Aftab Ahmed , Abdelrahman Khalid Mohammed , Muhammed Bryar Othman , Hama Nali H. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Abdalla Berun A. , Hama Jihad Ibrahim , Abdullah Hiwa O.
Published: March 2024

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most prevalent urological diseases and is associated with a substantial economic burden. Its prevalence varies according to geographical location. Qatar is a Middle Eastern country located in the Afro-Asian Stone Belt. It has a dry and hot climate, which may predispose individuals working in these environments to form kidney stones (KSs).Methods: A population sample of 4204 patients was categorized into five occupational classes. The frequencies and correlations of these occupations with KS formation were calculated.Results: Among the total cases, 2000 presented with KSs, with the majority being of Asian descent (49%), followed by individuals of Middle Eastern descent (35.1%). Technicians accounted for 35.15% of KS cases followed by clerks (29.2%) and executives (14.6%). Among KS cases, 44% had a single stone, 30% had multiple stones, and 26% had two stones. In comparing both KS and non-KS groups, age, gender, occupation, and race were significantly associated with KS formation (p<0.05), while BMI did not show any significant correlation (p>0.05). Asian males aged 31-40, working as technicians, were significantly more prone to urolithiasis. In comparing age, BMI, and gender with stone characteristics, only age was found significantly associated with stone size (p<0.05). Occupation showed an impact on all studied stone characteristics. Clerks and technicians presented more frequently with stones within the 11-15 mm range, while executives more frequently presented with smaller stones (p<0.001). Stone density was more frequently <500 HU in workers, technicians and housewives and >500 HU in executives and clerks (p<0.001).Conclusions: Our findings revealed an elevated risk of urolithiasis among certain occupational groups, particularly technicians, who frequently work outdoors in high-temperature environments. Alternatively, the sedentary nature of clerical and executive positions can also contribute to the risk of urolithiasis.
Prison Mental Health – An Indian Perspective
Authors: Dhillon Harpreet Singh , Sasidharan Shibu
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychological maladjustments is significantly high among prisoners due to a multitude of factors. However, prisoners are among the most medically underserved groups of society, especially for the mental health aspects. Recently, there has been an increase in awareness on the need of mental health services for prisoners. This short communication is intended to review the available research on prison mental health in India and also to propose recommendations to design and implement robust strategies to plan interventions.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Its Relationship with Stress: A Study on Medical and Allied Medical Science Students at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bairwa Khushboo , Maggu Gaurav , Choudhary Swati , Mathur Supriya , Motwani Yogesh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), now classified under mood disorders, is characterized by a group of cognitive, affective, and physical symptoms and is associated with socio-occupational dysfunction with poor quality of life. Most of the women in their reproductive ages suffer from discomfort before the onset of menses and this severe discomfort may also lead to stress.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of PMDD among medical and allied medical science students and assess the stress associated with it.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care cente in Jaipur, Rajasthan. One hundred and eighty-one students were enrolled from medicine, clinical dietetics, and physiotherapy branches. The study tools used for data collection included a semi-structured self-reporting questionnaire, a premenstrual symptom screening tool (PSST), and a perceived stress scale (PSS). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The recorded data were evaluated and presented based on mean, standard deviation, and proportion.

Results:

One hundred and eighty-one students were enrolled with the average age of 20.4 ± 1.54 years. On screening by PSST, 29 qualified for PMDD, 43 students met the criteria for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and the remaining 109 had no to mild premenstrual symptoms. Students with PMDD and moderate-to-severe PMS had significantly more stress as compared to students with no to mild premenstrual symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our study is a step forward in understanding the stress experienced by students suffering from PMS/PMDD. As students suffering from PMS or PMDD have higher stress levels, colleges or universities can give special focus to address these issues.
Mental Illness Beliefs, Stigma, and Help-seeking Behavior among Medical and Mental Health Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study in Mumbai
Authors: Rao Shirish Ravichandra , Goel Tejusv , Sawant Neena , Singh Anjali , Taggarse Shraddha , Yadav Nikita , Patil Kshitij , Desousa Avinash
Published: March 2024

Background:

Help-seeking behaviors are poor in medical professionals and understudied in mental health professions. Beliefs and perceived stigma influence such behavior. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess, compare, and find associations between these factors among medical and mental health professionals.

Methods:

This cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was conducted among 150 medical and mental health professionals practicing in Mumbai using Treatment Seeking Behaviour Scale (TSB), Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale (BTMI), Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH), and perception of stigmatization by others for Seeking Help (PSOSH) Scales. Google Forms were sent to the consenting participants through social media platforms and WhatsApp. We had a 40% response rate from the participants.

Results:

Mean BTMI was 76.76 ± 27.40, which was poor, SSOSH (12.96 ± 4.81) was found to be low, but PSOSH (12.46 ± 5.22) was found to be high. Professional TSB (4.24 ± 0.76) was significantly higher than traditional TSB (2.8 ± 0.81). Mental health professionals had significantly lower scores of BTMI (P = 0.001), SSOSH (P = 0.050), PSOSH (P = 0.044), and traditional TSB (P = 0.002) as compared to medical professionals. Scores of BTMI, SSOSH, and PSOSH were positively correlated with traditional TSB and negatively correlated with professional TSB (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

BTMIs are poor and the perception of stigmatization by others for seeking help is high among doctors. Mental health professionals fared significantly better on all their beliefs.
The Mental Health Care Act 2017 and Mental Health Resource Allocation in India
Authors: Karahda Aarti , Prasad Shobhit Kumar
Published: March 2024

Mental health policymakers are now tasked with maximizing the efficient and effective use of mental health resources as a result of fundamental changes to mental health laws. A crucial step in this process is ensuring optimal resource allocation across the service. Multiple biases prevent policymakers from allocating resources to mental health, resulting in a violation of the right to health, an increase in suffering, and a heavy economic burden associated with mental illness. This article provides a summary of Indian mental health policy, examines Indian public perceptions of mental health, and assesses the impact of these perceptions on legislation and mental health resource allocation. Understanding resource allocation from the perspective of policymakers can enhance psychiatrists’ ability to influence the process.
Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis – A Review of the Indian Literature
Authors: Raani Srinanthini Karthalingam , Natarajan Arun , Karunakaran Premkumar , Ramasamy Akilandeswari Alagan
Published: March 2024

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition with a diverse range of presentations, spanning from self-limiting cases to rapidly progressive inflammatory responses involving local complications, multiorgan failure, and mortality. Despite the presence of international guidelines for managing acute pancreatitis, there is a lack of standardized Indian guidelines. This article reviews Indian publications focused on the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
The Transfer and Change of Paints in a Hit-and-run Motor Vehicle Accident
Authors: Hu Can , Zhu Jun , Mei Hongcheng , Guo Hongling , Wang Ping , Li Yajun
Published: March 2024

This work investigated transfer and change of paint evidences in a case of hit-and-run. Two kinds of attachments were found on the clothes of the victim and they were initially considered paint fragments from the vehicle causing the accident. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer, and Microspectrophotometry were applied for examination of paints and clothing fibers. Polyester was detected in one of the attachments and in the clothing fibers of the victim by IR. A traffic accident simulation experiment was designed and conducted to research whether the polyester attachments come from suspected vehicle paints or victim’s clothing fibers. The results showed that a melt mixture of transferred paints and clothing fiber was formed after a violent collision. Because the amount of transferred paints was too low to be detectable in the mixture, the components detected by IR were mainly from clothing fibers. Thereby, we inferred that only one kind of attachment and paint fragments existed on the clothes of the victim, and the polyester attachments cannot be used to indicate the composition of suspected vehicle paint. Clothing fibers and paints are both common trace evidence in traffic accident cases, and more attention should be paid to the examination of transferred paints on clothing fibers.
Comparison of two different doses of preemptive gabapentin on postoperative pain relief and morphine requirement after mastectomy: A randomized study
Authors: Kumar Sunny , Kumar Arvind , Dhiraj Shashank , Hussain Mumtaz , Bharti Alok Kumar
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

Gabapentin (GBP) has been found to decrease the pain scores and analgesic requirements following total abdominal hysterectomy, spinal surgery, and ear, nose, and throat surgery. It has been suggested that central neuronal sensitization may play an important role in postoperative pain. This study compares the effect of two different doses of preemptive GBP on morphine requirement and postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing mastectomy.

Methods:

This randomized comparative trial included 70 patients scheduled for unilateral mastectomy. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 received 800 mg oral GBP and Group 2 received 1200 mg oral GBP 2 h before surgery. After surgery, we recorded the pain score at different time points using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at rest. Patients were also asked about possible side effects of the premedication drug. Patients received morphine 0.1 mg/kg intravenous on demand. The time of first rescue analgesia was recorded along with the total rescue analgesic requirement in the first 24 h.

Results:

In our study, the mean VAS score, postoperatively at 2, 4, 12, 24 h in Group 2, was less than Group 1 but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.9, 0.1, 0.8, 0.4, respectively) Patients of Group 1 demanded rescue analgesia earlier (5.8 ± 3.4 h) than Group 2 (9.6 ± 5.9 h). The total 24 h morphine consumption in Group 1 (10.97 ± 4.01 mg) was higher than Group 2 (6.71 ± 5.02 mg). No significant side effects were observed during the perioperative period.

Conclusion:

We conclude that GBP in higher doses, when used preemptively, provides a greater degree of analgesia with opioid-sparing effect.
Relation between maternal C–reactive protein in early pregnancy and neonatal complications
Authors: Hassan Hanan Y. , Almallh Samira Y. , Effat Doaa M.
Published: March 2024

Background

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant and a commonly employed indicator of low-grade systemic inflammation. Elevated CRP levels are accompanied by higher risk of popular diseases. This study aimed to study the correlations of maternal CRP level with fetal growing and the risk of neonatal complications.

Participants and methods

This prospective observational randomized study was conducted in Al Zahraa University and El Sheikh Zayed hospital throughout the interval from April 2018 to March 2020. It included 150 pregnant women attending for antenatal care in the outpatient clinic. CRP was done twice. The first measure was done at second trimester (13–20 weeks), and the second measure was done after 26 weeks. Positive results were obtained at a CRP concentration above 10 mg/l. The pregnant women were subdivided into two groups: group A, with positive (high) CRP, and group B, with negative (ordinary CRP). Follow-up was done by ultrasound during pregnancy [to detect Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), low birth weight, and congenital anomalies]. Follow-up during labor was done to detect mode of delivery, IUGR, respiratory distress, and NICU admission.

Results

Median CRP level at 13–20 weeks was higher than median CRP level at 26–30 weeks. Regarding CRP finding, it was found that ∼60 (40%) women had positive CRP and 90 (60%) women had negative CRP. IUGR was statistically significantly higher among positive CRP group than negative CRP group (5 and 0%, respectively; P=0.031). Respiratory distress was statistically significantly higher among positive CRP group than negative CRP group (6.7 and 0%, respectively) (P=0.01). Admission at neonatal ICU was statistically significantly higher among positive CRP group than negative CRP group (6.7 and 0%, respectively; P=0.031).

Conclusion

Maternal-grade inflammation in pregnancy, as estimated by CRP counts, was accompanied with fetal growing restriction and higher risks of neonatal complications.
Role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of adnexal masses
Authors: Sakr Doaa M. , Hassan Rawhia T. , Sakr Lobna K.
Published: March 2024

Background

Adnexal masses are considered one of the most common disorders in gynecology. Ultrasound remains the most widely used imaging modality to differentiate benign from malignant adnexal masses.

Patients and methods

This prospective study was conducted upon 50 female patients with 56 adnexal lesions. All patients were evaluated by either transabdominal ultrasonography, transvaginal ultrasonography, or both. All patients were evaluated by gray-scale ultrasound. Color Doppler examination was performed in certain cases with solid components. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee, and all patients gave their informed written consent before inclusion in the study. The radiological and histopathological results were collected then statistically analyzed.

Results

Our study showed that ultrasound had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 90.5% with an overall accuracy of 89.3% in differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. The most significant ultrasound parameters suggesting malignant criteria of adnexal masses in our study were thick wall more than 3 mm, thick papillary projection, and thick septae more than 3 mm on gray-scale ultrasound, resistive index less than 0.5, and central distribution of vessels at color Doppler.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is recommended to be a very useful highly diagnostic and a reliable modality with good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of adnexal masses.
Expression of interleukin-6 receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-5 as new reliable markers in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Risha Basma E.-S. , Al-Aziz Ghada A. , Ahmed Naglaa S. , Hamdino Mervat
Published: March 2024

Background

Lacking data about tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) molecules in human inflammatory reactions with in-vitro studies which demonstrated the involvement of TRAF molecules in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

Aim

The authors aimed to perform a study evaluating expression of TRAF-2, TRAF-5, and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in psoriasis vulgaris and evaluate their role in IL-6 pathway involved in psoriasis pathogenesis.

Patients and methods

This is a case–control study, where 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 40 healthy controls underwent taking of 4-mm punch skin biopsy. The diagnosis was confirmed with hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemistry examination was done using IL-6R, TRAF-2, and TRAF-5 polyclonal antibodies for all specimens. The immunohistochemistry results were analyzed and scored either no staining (score 0) or positive staining (either +1, +2, or +3).

Results

Tissue level expression of IL-6R, TRAF-2, and TRAF-5 showed highly statistically significant difference between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls, with no relation to clinical data, except for TRAF-2 in inflammatory lymphocytes, which showed a statistically significant relation with duration of the disease. There was a statistically significant relation between inflammatory expression of IL-6R and both TRAF-2 and TRAF-5 and a statistically significant relation between keratinocyte's nuclear expression of IL-6R and TRAF-5 only.

Conclusion

High expressions of TRAF-2 and TRAF-5 in patients with psoriasis vulgaris with IL-6R illustrate their contribution in psoriasis pathogenesis, with no relation to disease severity.
Early detection of atherosclerotic changes associated with long use of antiepileptic drugs in epileptic patients
Authors: Elsharkawy Rasha E. , Osman Marwa A. , Saleh Ola I. , Galal Heba M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Doppler ultrasound changes in the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) and estimation of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as predictors to the atherosclerotic complications of long use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Patients and methods

The study was done on 45 epileptic patients and 15 healthy individuals as a control group. All patients have been selected from the outpatient clinic of Neurology Department of Al-Zahraa University Hospital from period July 2018 to July 2020. They have been treated by monotherapy AEDs for at least 2 years. No other risk factors for atherosclerosis had been considered in these patients. They have been investigated for serum level of TBARS and Doppler ultrasound for assessment of CCA IMT. The patient group was also subdivided into three groups according to their type of treatment.

Results

The risk of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with epilepsy is linked with long use of older generation AEDs, namely carbamazepine and valproic acid, rather than levetiracetam which have no effect in vascular risk or CCA IMT changes.

Conclusion

The choice of AED therapy for long-term use should be guided with serum level of TBARS and CCA IMT as their mechanism of action as enzyme inducer might be a leading cause of vascular changes in epileptic patients.
Serum magnesium level in asthmatic children as an indicator of asthma severity
Authors: Gaber Eman M. , Mohammed Ensaf K. , Abdelwahab Amany E. , Mohammed Eman E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Magnesium (Mg++) has been shown to relax bronchial smooth muscle and influence the function of respiratory muscles. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with diminished respiratory muscle power.

Objective

This study aims to assess serum Mg level in children with asthma and its correlation with the severity of asthma.

Patients and methods

It was a case–control study carried out at Alzahraa University Hospital on two groups of children: group 1 consisted of 60 patients with bronchial asthma, comprising 41 males and 24 females, with age ranged from 6 to 15 years, with a mean 10.8±1.6 years, and the second group (control group) consisted of 30 apparently healthy children, with age and sex matched to the diseased patients. Pulmonary function test was done for the studied children, and serum levels of Mg were measured.

Results

The data hence collected were systematically tabulated and analyzed with SPSS software. The descriptive statistics for the case and control group showed there was a statistically significant decrease in mean serum Mg in asthmatic patients in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a highly significant lower level of Mg in patients with severe persistent asthma compared with those with mild intermittent asthma and mild, moderate, and persistent asthma (P<0.001), and also, there were significant (P<0.001) positive correlations between serum Mg level and each of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% (r=0.712) and FEV1/forced vital capacity% (0.680) (i.e. in most cases, serum Mg level tended to decrease with the decrease in FEV1% and FEV1/forced vital capacity% ratio).

Conclusion

Children with bronchial asthma have a great risk of Mg deficiency, and serum Mg level has a significant relation to the severity of asthma and pulmonary function test.