bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine biogeochemical cycling and oceanic CO2 uptake simulated by the NUIST Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3)
Authors: Dai Yifei , Cao Long , Wang Bin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the Nanjing
University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Earth System Model
version 3 (hereafter NESM v3) in simulating the marine biogeochemical cycle
and carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake. Compared with observations, the NESM v3
reproduces the large-scale patterns of biogeochemical fields reasonably well
in the upper ocean, including nutrients, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic,
chlorophyll, and net primary production. Some discrepancies between model
simulations and observations are identified and the possible causes are
investigated. In the upper ocean, the simulated biases in biogeochemical
fields are mainly associated with shortcomings in the simulated ocean
circulation. Weak upwelling in the Indian Ocean suppresses the nutrient
entrainment to the upper ocean, thus reducing biological activities and
resulting in an underestimation of net primary production and the chlorophyll
concentration. In the Pacific and the Southern Ocean, nutrients are
overestimated as a result of strong iron limitation and excessive
vertical mixing. Alkalinity is also overestimated in high-latitude oceans
due to excessive convective mixing. The major discrepancy in biogeochemical
fields is that the model overestimates nutrients, alkalinity, and dissolved
inorganic carbon in the deep North Pacific, which is caused by the excessive
deep ocean remineralization. The model reasonably reproduces present-day
oceanic CO2 uptake. Model-simulated cumulative oceanic CO2 uptake
is 149 PgC between 1850 and 2016, which compares well with data-based
estimates of 150±20 PgC. In the 1 % yr−1 CO2 increase
(1ptCO2) experiment, the diagnosed carbon-climate
(γ=-7.9 PgC K−1) and carbon-concentration sensitivity parameters (β=0.88 PgC ppm−1) in the NESM v3 are comparable with those in Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models (β: 0.69 to
0.91 PgC ppm−1; γ: −2.4 to −12.1 PgC K−1). The nonlinear interaction between
carbon-concentration and carbon-climate sensitivity in the NESM v3 accounts
for 10.3 % of the total carbon uptake, which is within the range of CMIP5
model results (3.6 %–10.6 %). Overall, the NESM v3 can be
employed as a useful modeling tool to investigate large-scale interactions
between the ocean carbon cycle and climate change.
Influence of Hydrometeorological Hazards and Sea Coast Morphodynamics onto Unique Coastal Vegetation Sites Development – Cephalanthero rubrae – Fagetum on Wolin Island (the Southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Tylkowski Jacek , Winowski Marcin , Hojan Marcin , Czyryca Paweł , Samołyk Mariusz
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion observed today cause dynamic changes in coastal ecosystems. In the elaboration, cause and effect interrelations between abiotic hazards (hydrometeorological conditions and sea coast morphodynamics) and biotic (Cephalanthero rubrae – Fagetum phytocoenosis) components of natural environment have been defined. An up-to-date phytosociological analysis of a very valuable Cephalanthero rubrae – Fagetum site on cliff tableland was conducted in the context of hitherto temporal variability of climatic conditions and the rate of cliff coast recession. Also, the development prognosis of the researched site in the 21st century is provided, with respect to the expected climate changes and cliff's morphodynamics. The conducted research actions revealed the influence of global hazards (e.g., climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion) onto changes in natural environment on regional scale (with the example of the site of Cephalanthero rubrae – Fagetum on cliff coast of Wolin Island in Poland). It has been established that in the 21st century, a relatively larger hazard to the functioning of the researched site are climate changes, not the sea coast erosion.
Extracting microphysical fault friction parameters from laboratory- and field injection experiments
Authors: van den Ende Martijn Peter Anton , Scuderi Marco Maria , Cappa Frédéric , Ampuero Jean-Paul
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Human subsurface activities induce significant hazard by (re-)activating slip on faults, which are ubiquitous in geological reservoirs. Laboratory and field (decametric-scale) fluid injection experiments provide insights into the response of faults subjected to fluid pressure perturbations, but assessing the long-term stability of fault slip remains challenging. Numerical models offer means to investigate a range of fluid injection scenarios and fault zone complexities, and require frictional parameters (and their uncertainties) constrained by experiments as an input. In this contribution, we propose a robust approach to extract relevant microphysical parameters that govern the deformation behaviour of laboratory samples. We apply this Bayesian approach to the fluid injection experiment of Cappa et al. (2019), and examine the uncertainties and trade-offs between parameters. We then continue to analyse the field injection experiment reported by Cappa et al. (2019), from which we conclude that the fault-normal displacement is much larger than expected from the adopted microphysical model (the Chen-Niemeijer-Spiers model), indicating that fault structure and poro-elastic effects dominate the observed signal. This demonstrates the importance of using a microphysical model with physically meaningful constitutive parameters, as it clearly delineates scenarios where additional mechanisms need to be considered.
An Overview of Wind Energy Production Prediction Bias, Losses, and Uncertainties
Authors: Lee Joseph C. Y. , Fields M. Jason
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The financing of a wind farm directly relates to the preconstruction energy yield assessments which estimate the annual energy production for the farm. The accuracy and the precision of the preconstruction energy estimates can dictate the profitability of the wind project. Historically, the wind industry tended to overpredict the annual energy production of wind farms. Experts have been dedicated to eliminating such prediction errors in the past decade, and recently the industry is recording near-zero average energy prediction bias. Herein, we present an overview of the energy yield assessment errors across the global wind energy industry. We identify a long-term trend of reduction in the overprediction bias, whereas the uncertainty associated with the prediction error is prominent. We also summarize the recent advancements of the wind resource assessment process that justify the bias reduction, including the improvements in modeling and measurement techniques. Additionally, because the energy losses and uncertainties substantially influence the prediction error, we document and examine the estimated and observed loss and uncertainty values from the literature, according to the proposed framework in the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400-15 wind resource assessment standard. From our findings, we highlight the opportunities for the industry to move forward, such as the validation and reduction of prediction uncertainty, and the prevention of energy losses caused by wake effect and environmental events. Overall, this study provides a summary on how the wind energy industry has been quantifying and reducing prediction errors, energy losses, and production uncertainties. Finally, for this work to be as reproducible as possible, we include all of the data used in the analysis in appendices to the manuscript.
Teoria de filas e o dimensionamento de servidores: um estudo de caso
Authors: Zanardi Rafaela , Viali Lori
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da teoria de filas na área de tecnologia de informação (TI) em uma empresa jornalística cuja perda de produtividade no atendimento de demanda está gerando atrasos na solução de problemas, perda de parceiros comerciais e significativo crescimento de risco de parada da produção. Neste estudo de caso, utilizou uma abordagem quantitativa de formato exploratório e teve por objetivo dimensionar os servidores da subárea de processos de tecnologia de informação em uma empresa jornalística. Como resultado da avaliação de cenários, foi possível verificar que o número de servidores igual a quatro é o mais adequado, porém se for acrescentado um servidor obtém-se uma variação de 8% para 26% em relação à ociosidade, o que se justifica frente a redução do risco da paralisação da produção.
A Comprehensive Appraisal of Laboratory Biochemistry Tests as Major Predictors of COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Aloisio Elena , Chibireva Mariia , Serafini Ludovica , Pasqualetti Sara , Falvella Felicia S. , Dolci Alberto , Panteghini Mauro
Published: July 2020

Context.—

A relevant portion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients develop severe disease with negative outcomes. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict COVID-19 severity, but no definite interpretative criteria have been established to date for stratifying risk.

Objective.—

To evaluate 6 serum biomarkers (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, albumin, ferritin, and cardiac troponin T) for predicting COVID-19 severity and to define related cutoffs able to aid clinicians in risk stratification of hospitalized patients.

Design.—

A retrospective study of 427 COVID-19 patients was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on their clinical outcome: nonsurvivors versus survivors and patients admitted to an intensive care unit versus others. Receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios were employed to define predictive cutoffs for evaluated markers.

Results.—

Marker concentrations at peak were significantly different between groups for both selected outcomes. At univariate logistic regression analysis, all parameters were significantly associated with higher odds of death and intensive care. At the multivariate analysis, high concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and low concentrations of albumin in serum remained significantly associated with higher odds of death, whereas only low lactate dehydrogenase activities remained associated with lower odds of intensive care admission. The best cutoffs for death prediction were greater than 731 U/L for lactate dehydrogenase and 18 g/L or lower for albumin, whereas a lactate dehydrogenase activity lower than 425 U/L was associated with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.10 for intensive treatment.

Conclusions.—

Our study identifies which biochemistry tests represent major predictors of COVID-19 severity and defines the best cutoffs for their use.
Ampliação da distribuição de espécies de vespas sociais neotropicais no Brasil (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Authors: Souza Marcos Magalhães de , Pires Epifânio Porfiro , Coelho Evando Luiz , Clemente Mateus Aparecido , Bonfitto Paloma Pereira
Published: July 2020

Apesar do crescente esforço para o conhecimento da diversidade de vespas sociais neotropicais que ocorreu na última década, ainda há, biomas, regiões e/ou estados subamostrados ou com ausência de listas de espécies.  Nessa perspectiva foram realizadas coletas esporádicas em diferentes estados e ecossistemas brasileiros no período de 2013 a 2015. Esse esforço amostral resultou em  novos registros para estado do Maranhão: Polistes subsericius Saussure, 1854; Ceará: Metapolybia servilis Cooper, 1999, sendo esta, até o momento desconhecida no Brasil; para o estado do Tocantins, todos  os registros foram inéditos, uma vez que, o estado não apresenta listas de vespas sociais:  Apoica pallida (Olivier, 1792), Apoica thoracica du Buysson, 1906, Apoica strigata Richards, 1978, Apoica arborea de Saussure, 1854, Mischocyttarus flavicornis Zikán, 1935 e Polybia striata (Fabricius, 1787).
Bond Line Thickness Characterization for QFN Package Robustness
Authors: Bacquian Bryan Christian S. , Jr Edwin M. Graycochea , Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Rodriguez Rennier S.
Published: July 2020

The paper focused on the evaluation of quad-flat no-leads (QFN) semiconductor package with small silicon die on different machine platforms to achieve a higher bond line thickness (BLT) of greater than 30 µm. The characterization or evaluation was narrowed down into two main diebonding machines with the objective of attaining a higher BLT for small die. High BLT capability is desired to generate clearance for the shrinkage of the glue, henceforth mitigating the glue voids. Diebond Machine 2 was able to achieve the target BLT with 30.89 µm average compared to 18.25 µm for Machine 1. Moreover, the target BLT range could only be achieved in Machine 2 only. For future works, the machine and configuration could be used for devices with comparable requirement.
42 CFR Part 2 final rule clears OMB, setting stage for confusion
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2020

On June 16, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) cleared the final rule for 42 CFR Part 2, the confidentiality regulation requiring substance use disorder patients to give consent before their treatment information is released. Under the proposed rule, released last August, methadone patient data could go into the prescription drug monitoring program, and other provisions were proposed that gut but do not eliminate the regulation entirely (see “SAMHSA proposes significant changes to 42 CFR Part 2,” ADAW, Sept. 9, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32473).
Functionalized MXene Enabled Sustainable Water Harvesting and Desalination
Authors: Fei Jipeng , Koh See Wee , Tu Wenguang , Ge Junyu , Rezaeyan Hamid , Hou Shuai , Duan Hongwei , Lam Yee Cheong , Li Hong
Published: July 2020

Solar irradiation is a promising resource for sustainable energy conversion and storage in many technological fields. Interfacial solar steam generator is emerging as a sustainable system for water harvesting under natural solar irradiance. However, natural sunlight is usually insufficient for conventional interfacial (2D absorber) solar steam generators to achieve high solar steam efficiency (>85%). Herein, a functionalized MXene‐polymeric membrane‐based solar steam generator in a heat localization structure is reported as an efficient water harvesting and desalination system. The functionalized MXene flakes are homogeneously dispersed and encapsulated in polymeric networks of cellulose acetate in the crosslinking process, where water is automatically pumped through the absorber in the embedded nano/micro channels. As such, the fabricated solar steam generator shows a net evaporation rate (with respect to that in the dark condition) of 1.47 kg m−2 h−1with 92.1% efficiency under 1 sun illumination. Moreover, the salt rejection rate for high salinity seawater (original Na+concentration is 18 000 mg L−1) reaches up to 97.5%, generating drinkable water that meets the WHO standard. The new photothermal membrane absorber is cost‐effective, scalable, washable, and stable under harsh conditions; holding great promise for practical solar desalination applications.
LACHT syndrome (Mardini–Nyhan association) with tracheal stenosis in a Thai newborn
Authors: Rojnueangnit Kitiwan , Kositamongkol Sudatip , Paoin Wanida , Satdhabudha Araya , Pharadornuwat Onsuthi , Wongwandee Ratthapon , Thammachote Weerin , Jinawath Natini
Published: July 2020

LACHT syndrome, or Mardini–Nyhan association, is an ultra‐rare disorder, diagnosed solely by the clinical characteristics of lung agenesis, complex cardiac defects, and thumb anomalies. Only 12 patients have been reported worldwide, and here, we report a new clinical diagnosis of LACHT syndrome. Our patient was a male full‐term newborn with left lung agenesis, congenital heart defects including ventricular septal defect, right‐sided aortic arch, with aberrant left subclavian artery and Kommerell diverticulum, as well as left preaxial polydactyly and hemivertebra. Our patient appears to be the second LACHT syndrome case to also suffer from tracheal stenosis, which has only been reported once before in conjunction with this syndrome. In light of this, tracheal stenosis may be a phenotype for LACHT syndrome.
General Formation of Macro‐/Mesoporous Nanoshells from Interfacial Assembly of Irregular Mesostructured Nanounits
Authors: Chen Guangrui , Yan Yuxing , Wang Jie , Ok Yong Sik , Zhong Guiyuan , Guan Bu Yuan , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2020

Mesoporous core–shell nanostructures with controllable ultra‐large open channels in their nanoshells are of great interest. However, soft template‐directed cooperative assembly to mesoporous nanoshells with highly accessible pores larger than 30 nm, or even above 50 nm into macroporous range, remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a general approach for precisely tailored coating of hierarchically macro‐/mesoporous polymer and carbon shells, possessing highly accessible radial channels with extremely wide pore size distribution from ca. 10 nm to ca. 200 nm, on diverse functional materials. This strategy creates opportunities to tailor the interfacial assembly of irregular mesostructured nanounits on core materials and generate various core–shell nanomaterials with controllable pore architectures. The obtained Fe,N‐doped macro‐/mesoporous carbon nanoshells show enhanced electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline condition.
Atomic Insights into Aluminium‐Ion Insertion in Defective Anatase for Batteries
Authors: Legein Christophe , Morgan Benjamin J. , Fayon Franck , Koketsu Toshinari , Ma Jiwei , Body Monique , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent , Wei Xian‐Kui , Heggen Marc , Borkiewicz Olaf J. , Strasser Peter , Dambournet Damien
Published: July 2020

Aluminium batteries constitute a safe and sustainable high‐energy‐density electrochemical energy‐storage solution. Viable Al‐ion batteries require suitable electrode materials that can readily intercalate high‐charge Al3+ ions. Here, we investigate the Al3+ intercalation chemistry of anatase TiO2 and how chemical modifications influence the accommodation of Al3+ ions. We use fluoride‐ and hydroxide‐doping to generate high concentrations of titanium vacancies. The coexistence of these hetero‐anions and titanium vacancies leads to a complex insertion mechanism, attributed to three distinct types of host sites: native interstitial sites, single vacancy sites, and paired vacancy sites. We demonstrate that Al3+ induces a strong local distortion within the modified TiO2 structure, which affects the insertion properties of the neighbouring host sites. Overall, specific structural features induced by the intercalation of highly polarising Al3+ ions should be considered when designing new electrode materials for polyvalent batteries.
An Ultrastable, Small {Ag7}5+ Nanocluster within a Triangular Hollow Polyoxometalate Framework
Authors: Yonesato Kentaro , Ito Hiroyasu , Yokogawa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke
Published: July 2020

Small Agn nanoclusters (n<10) have been emerging as promising materials as sensing, biolabeling, and catalysis because of their unique electronic states and optical properties. However, studying synthesis, structure determination, and exploration of their properties remain major challenges as a result of the low stability of small Ag nanoclusters. Herein, we synthesized an atomically precise face‐centered‐cubic‐type small {Ag7}5+ nanocluster supported by a novel triangular hollow polyoxometalate (POM) framework [Si3W27O96]18−. The cluster showed unique {Ag7}5+‐to‐POM charge transfer bands in both visible and UV light regions. Furthermore, this small {Ag7}5+ nanocluster exhibited an unprecedented ultrastability in solution, despite having exposed Ag sites that can be accessed by small molecules, such as O2, water, and solvents.
Olefin polymerization behavior of titanium(IV) alkoxo complexes with fluorinated diolate ligands: The impact of the chelate ring size and the nature of organoaluminum compounds
Authors: Tuskaev Vladislav A. , Gagieva Svetlana Ch. , Kurmaev Dmitry A. , Melnikova Elizaveta K. , Zubkevich Sergey V. , Buzin Mikhail I. , Nikiforova Galina G. , Vasil'ev Viktor G. , Saracheno Daniele , Bogdanov Vyacheslav S. , Privalov Viktor I. , Bulychev Boris M.
Published: July 2020

Titanium(IV) coordination compounds are effectively used as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with other olefins. New titanium(IV) complexes 3b–d with ligands containing two diphenylcarbinol fragments linked by the perfluorinated hydrocarbon units –CF2– or –C2F4– were synthesized. The structures of complexes 3b and 3d were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Titanium atoms in 3b have a distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination environment while spiro‐complex 3d is characterized by tetrahedral molecular geometry. The catalytic behavior of complexes activated by mixtures of Bu2Mg and alkylaluminium chlorides from among Me2AlCl, Et2AlCl, EtAlCl2, and Et3Al2Cl3 were studied. The resulting catalytic systems catalyze ethylene polymerization to afford ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene, suitable for modern processing methods, and the solvent‐free solid state formation of super high‐strength (1.37–2.75 GPa) and high‐modulus (up to 138 GPa) oriented film tapes. The same catalytic systems catalyze ethylene copolymerization with 1‐hexene to afford high molecular weight semicrystalline elastomeric polymers containing up to 20% of comonomer units.
pH/temperature‐responsive poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) grafted κ‐carrageenan copolymer: Synthesis and physicochemical properties
Authors: Geyik Gülcan , Işıklan Nuran
Published: July 2020

κ‐Carrageenan‐graft‐poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (CRG‐g‐PDMA) was synthesized via free‐radical copolymerization under microwave irradiation. 13C‐Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐NMR), fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods were used for characterization of the CRG‐g‐PDMA structure. The effect of reaction variables including the concentrations of the initiator and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) as well as the microwave irradiation time and power on graft ratio and conversion was investigated, and their highest values were obtained to be 179 and 76%, respectively. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of the CRG‐g‐PDMA copolymers were determined at various pH conditions, and their value in distilled water was found as 47°C. Besides, the swelling capacity of the copolymers under different pH levels was investigated and it was seen that the swelling capacity of the copolymer increased with the decrease in the pH value of the medium. The CRG‐g‐PDMA copolymer exhibited excellent swelling performance in acidic pH conditions and possessed responsiveness to pH and temperature stimuli.
Assessing thermomechanical properties of a reactive maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene/thermoplastic polyurethane blend with temperature scanning stress relaxation method
Authors: M. G. Anagha , Chatterjee Tuhin , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: July 2020

The phenomenon of stress relaxation in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) is common and influences the end‐use properties of polymers. Temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) method extends an advanced method to study the stress relaxation of TPEs at elevated temperatures. A reactive blend system based on maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene and thermoplastic polyurethane is explored for its relaxation behavior at temperature up to 200°C with TSSR meter. The relaxation spectrum revealed the transitions occurring in the blends as well as the extent of interfacial interaction present. Direct measurement of elasticity of the blends was obtained from the TSSR index (RI). Glass transition temperature of the samples was measured from dynamic mechanical analysis. The elastic nature of the blends was also pursued from the storage modulus values and results were in line with TSSR results. The density of crosslinks in the system was assessed with both TSSR and the conventional Flory‐Rehner equation and a similar trend was obtained. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the dispersed morphology of the blends.
Consider viewpoints on how COVID‐19 will change college sports
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2020

The only guarantee in post‐pandemic college sports is change and more change. To help prepare college athletics administrators for all of this upheaval, Tom McMillen, President and CEO of the LEAD1 Association, hosted a webinar discussion with Kathy Beauregard, athletics director at Western Michigan University; Bob Bowlsby, Commissioner of the Big 12 Conference; Martin Jarmond, AD at the University of California, Los Angeles; Amy Perko, Chief Executive Officer of the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics; and Jack Swarbrick, Vice President and AD at the University of Notre Dame.
Understand role of insurance coverage, liability issues related to managing impact of pandemic on athletics
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2020

Even though any new insurance policies issued after January have a COVID‐19 exclusion, you can still take steps to help your athletics department manage the insurance and liability issues likely to arise with your pre‐COVID‐19 insurance policies as college sports get back into full swing. That's according to Richard Giller, Esq., a partner specializing in insurance recovery with the law firm of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, who spoke as a panelist in a recent webinar hosted by the LEAD1 Association.
One‐pot synthesis of Cu/SAPO‐34 with hierarchical pore using cupric citrate as a copper source for excellent NH3‐SCR of NO performance
Authors: Wang Peiqiang , Li Zhibin , Wang Xiaotong , Tong Yongming , Yuan Fulong , Zhu Yujun
Published: July 2020

It is still a serious challenge to develop a simple synthesized method of SAPO‐34 sieve modified by Cu with high NH3‐SCR performance. The Cu/SAPO‐34 samples with hierarchical structure were synthesized for the first time using cupric citrate as copper source by one‐pot hydrothermal method which showed excellent NH3‐SCR performance for NO removal. Among them, the 0.15Cu/SAPO‐34 catalyst with a Cu/Al ratio of 0.15 exhibited the widest temperature operating window (160–500 °C) and better hydrothermal stability. The physicochemical properties of 0.15Cu/SAPO‐34 was measured to understand the impacts of the Cu species on the NH3‐SCR of NO activity by various characterization methods including XRD, NH3‐TPD, N2adsorption‐desorption, XPS, EPR, UV‐vis, NH3‐oxidation, NMR andin situDRIFTS. The results reveal that the good activity is assigned to the isolated Cu species located at the site (I) in SAPO‐34, and the co‐existence of surface Cu2+and Cu+species with almost equal amounts. In addition, 0.15Cu/SAPO‐34 also possesses suitable acidic sites which are conducive to catalytic activity. The results ofin situDRIFTS suggest that the NH3‐SCR reaction follows Eley‐Rideal mechanism over 0.15Cu/SAPO‐34.
Three‐Dimensional PdCuRu Alloy Porous Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Varied Electrolytes
Authors: Yuan Mengyu , Xu Hui , Wang Yuan , Jin Liujun , Wang Cheng , Chen Chunyan , Wang Yong , Shang Hongyuan , Du Yukou
Published: July 2020

Noble metal materials with favorable electronic and geometric structure are considered as outstanding electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is still a grand challenge to increase the specific surface area of the catalyst to expose more active sites from structural advantages and optimize the adsorption/desorption energy of reaction intermediates. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a three‐dimensional (3D) PdCuRu nanostructure that is assembled by porous nanosheets through a facile wet‐chemical and subsequent chemical etching method. Interestingly, the prepared 3D porous nanostructures not only provide a wealth of surface active centers for reactants, but also provide a lot of ways for mass transport and charge transfer. More importantly, the alloy structure effectively optimizes the electronic structures of Ru and Cu, leading them to be favorable for the adsorption/desorption of Hads during HER. As a result, the 3D PdCuRu porous nanosheets (PdCuRu PNSs) display excellent electrocatalytic HER performance in both acidic and alkaline media. It is worth mentioning that the 3D PdCuRu PNSs could also show excellent kinetic stability with negligible activity loss representing a new class a class of promising electrocatalysts for HER.
Greetings from the front lines, when all the world is the front
Authors: Khuri Fadlo R.
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has resulted in surprising disparities in incidence and death rates, with the world's wealthiest democracy demonstrating far worse results than those of a bankrupt, chaotic, developing economy. However, it is clear that both cancer treatments and research remain robust, indicating the prioritization of this disease despite the pandemic.
Should uncertainty concerning the risk of malignancy be included in diagnostic (nongynecologic) cytopathology reports?
Authors: Poller David N. , Schmitt Fernando
Published: July 2020

In diagnostic cytology, the known site‐specific false positive rates at various anatomical sites for the risk malignancy (ROM) when a confirmed malignant diagnosis is made are comparatively well documented. ROM figures for diagnostic cytology specimens may vary according to the anatomical site of the specimen, the exact nature of the specimen received, the staining method(s) used, and the use of additional laboratory techniques including molecular profiling; furthermore, they often differ to some extent from institution to institution, between differing cytologists within the same institution, and over time. A brief literature review for a selected group of routine diagnostic cytology specimens shows a published ROM for a confirmed malignant diagnosis as follows: bile duct brushings, ~99% (range, 97%‐100%); breast fine needle aspiration, 98.5% (range, 92%‐100%); serous effusion fluid, 98.9% (range, 90%‐100% although lower for squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, and lymphoma), pulmonary endobronchial ultrasound cytology, ~99% (range, 86.6%‐100%); thyroid FNA, 98% (range, 97%‐99% if NIFTP tumors are excluded), salivary gland FNA, ~90%; (range 57%‐100%) and lateral neck cyst FNA, ~99% (range, 95.5%‐100%). Because most diagnostic cytology specimens have a small but accepted false‐positive rate, this information is vitally important for the clinical management of patients and for shared patient decision making. In our view, the known false‐positive rate for a given diagnostic cytology specimen could be included within the cytology report to assist in explaining the limitations of the diagnostic cytology interpretation and help facilitate the clinical decision‐making process.
Protolysis of Amino Acid‐Functionalized Tin Sulfide Clusters
Authors: Engel Annikka , Dewald Hendrik , Reuter Anna , Klippstein Josefin , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: July 2020

In order to gain information about the behavior of tin sulfide clusters with bio‐organic ligand shells under acidic conditions, such as found in undesirable cells for instance, we systematically treated amino acid‐functionalized tin sulfide clusters with different acids. For Boc‐protected amino acid derivatives, we could show that this treatment causes either cleavage of the protecting group of the amino acid or protolysis of the tin sulfide core under release of H2S and formation of the correspondingly functionalized organotin trichloride, depending on the nature of the acid. This points towards a potential future use of such species for targeted cytotoxic applications.
Chemoselective Bromination of Dienoates
Authors: Kobelevskaya Valentina A. , Popov Alexander V. , Zinchenko Sergey V. , Rulev Alexander Yu.
Published: July 2020

A variety of tetra‐, di‐ and monobromo derivatives of dienoates were prepared from parent polyunsaturated esters under mild conditions. According to proposed protocol the target bromoesters were easily obtained as a rule in good yields and high selectivity.
Sustained perturbation in functional connectivity induced by cold pain
Authors: Makovac Elena , Dipasquale Ottavia , Jackson Jade B. , Medina Sonia , O'Daly Owen , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , de Lara Rubio Alfonso , Williams Steven C. R. , McMahon Stephen B. , Howard Matthew A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Functional connectivity (FC) perturbations have been reported in multiple chronic pain phenotypes, but the nature of reported changes varies between cohorts and may relate to the consequences of living with chronic‐pain related comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. Healthy volunteer studies provide opportunities to study the effects of tonic noxious stimulation independently of these sequelae. Connectivity changes in task negative and positive networks, for example, the default mode and salience networks (DMN/SN), respectively, have been described, but how these and other connectivity networks, for example, those governing descending pain control are affected by the presence of tonic, noxious stimulation in healthy, pain‐free individuals, remains unknown.

Method

In 20 healthy volunteers, we assessed FC prior to, during, and following tonic cold painful stimulation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostral anterior insula (rAI), subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal grey (PAG). We also recorded subjectively reported pain using a computerised visual analogue scale.

Results

We saw DMN FC changes during painful stimulation and that inter‐network connectivity between the rAI with the vmPFC increased during pain, whereas PAG‐precuneus FC decreased. Pain‐induced FC alterations persisted following noxious stimulation. FC changes related to the magnitude of individuals' subjectively reported pain.

Conclusions

We demonstrate FC changes during and following tonic cold‐pain in healthy participants. Similarities between our findings and reports of patients with chronic pain suggest that some FC changes observed in these patients may relate to the presence of an ongoing afferent nociceptive drive.

Significance

How pain‐related resting state networks are affected by tonic cold‐pain remains unknown. We investigated functional connectivity alterations during and following tonic cold pain in healthy volunteers. Cold pain perturbed the functional connectivity of the ventro‐medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and the periacquaductal grey area. These connectivity changes were associated with the magnitude of individuals’ reported pain. We suggest that some connectivity changes described in chronic pain patients may be due to an ongoing afferent peripheral drive.
Respirometric assessment of vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries
Authors: Balakrishnan Abirami , Kanchinadham Sri Bala Kameswari , Kalyanaraman Chitra
Published: July 2020

Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of CHemicals (REACH) regulations insist on ready biodegradability information for organic chemicals that are used on a large scale in industries. Leather industry being one such, involves addition of organic chemicals that are obtained from plant extracts for vegetable tanning process. In view of the fact that biodegradability assessment is of paramount importance now for industrial wastewaters, a study was conducted on vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries. As per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methods for ready biodegradability (301 C), respirometer studies were conducted on wastewater containing different tannin concentrations of 540 mg/L (T1), 900 mg/L (T2), and 1350 mg/L (T3). The oxygen uptake rate had shown a sharp initial peak at 74, 102, and 164 mg O2/d for the three samples T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The primary degradation % of tannins was found to be 78%, 50%, and 14% for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency also decreased with increase in tannin concentration. The t1/2 values of tannin, calculated using the first‐order kinetic equation, was 8.8, 10.9, and 12.4 days and the experimentally observed t1/2 values were 9.8, 11.5, and 12.6 days for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. This study establishes that presence of tannins in the aerobic treatment significantly affect the oxygen uptake when the tannin concentration is increased. This study emphasizes that ready biodegradability assessment is essential to establish biodegradability of all the organic chemicals used during leather making process.
If Not Us, Then Who? Evaluators of Color and Social Change
Authors: Reid Aileen M. , Boyce Ayesha S. , Adetogun Adeyemo , Moller J. R. , Avent Cherie
Published: July 2020

The fiercest advocates for change are often program managers, policymakers, community members, and evaluators who themselves come from the minoritized communities they serve. As evaluators of African descent, we ask, “If not us, then who?” and are compelled to understand how our identities impact our perceived role and evaluation praxis. A survey conducted among evaluators of color who are diverse in age, gender, sector of employment, nation of origin, and years of experience revealed that an evaluator's identity influences their role and evaluation praxis. We argue all evaluators, commissioners of evaluation, and evaluation stakeholders must critically understand how their backgrounds influence the work they do, given that this impacts their engagement and responsiveness to the varying contexts and cultures encountered. We encourage readers to be reflective about how our identity impacts our role, and more importantly, ways we can work to intentionally incite change when working with historically marginalized populations.
The Black Perspective: A Framework for Culturally Competent Health Related Evaluations for African Americans
Authors: Moss Tamarah , Crewe Sandra Edmonds
Published: July 2020

This chapter presents the Black Perspective Health Evaluation (BPHE) framework as a cultural lens for conducting evaluations with Federally Qualified Health Centers (FHQC). The consideration of the health encounter as a cultural encounter is central. The evaluator has a role in advocating for social justice and igniting change in health outcomes for marginalized and vulnerable populations served by FHQCs. The six principles of the Howard University School of Social Work's Black Perspective: (1) affirmation, (2) strengths, (3) vivification, (4) diversity, (5) internationalization, and (6) social justice are featured to inform the approach to address persistent health disparities faced by African Americans and peoples of the African Diaspora. The BPHE Checklist template, provides three steps in using the framework including the importance of dissemination of findings. The authors, both social workers, focus on dignity and respect to ensure successful interventions that promote positive health outcomes.
Genomic relationship and physiochemical properties among raw materials used for Thai black garlic processing
Authors: Sunanta Piyachat , Chung Hsiao‐Hang , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Jantrawut Pensak , Hongsibsong Surat , Sommano Sarana Rose
Published: July 2020

Raw materials used for black garlic (BG) processing were collected from the major garlic production areas in Northern Thailand. Five of those were identified as of Thai origin (accession G1–G5), and accession G6 was of the Chinese variety. They were initially analyzed for varietal differences using morphological characteristics and genetic variation. Fresh materials from each accession were dried to the same moisture content (55%–60%) and BG processed at 75°C, 90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 days. Thereafter, physiochemical and chemical profiles were analyzed and compared. The dendrogram from random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints grouped G2, G3, G4, and G5 as closely related while G1 and G6 were out‐groups. Prior to BG processing, the pH of fresh garlic was approximately 6.3 and decreased to 3.7, thereafter. The contents of chemical properties were independent with genotypes. BG processing improved phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant but the content of thiosulfinate was minimized in all BG samples. Overall, result indicated that garlics grown in Northern Thailand were genotypically variable. BG processing altered physical and chemical appearance, and these changes were independent with the genotypes.
Association between non‐attendance to outpatient clinics and emergency department consultations, hospitalizations and mortality in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Giunta Diego Hernán , Alonso Serena Marina , Luna Daniel , Peroni Maria Leticia , Sanchez Thomas Diego , Binder Fernando , Blugerman Gabriela Alejandra , Fuentes Nora , Elizondo Cristina Maria , Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós Fernan
Published: July 2020

Background

Non‐attendance to scheduled medical appointments in outpatient clinics is a problem that affects patient health and health‐care systems.

Objective

Evaluate association of non‐attendance to scheduled appointments in outpatient clinics and Emergency Department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and mortality.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of outpatients enrolled in 2015 to 2016 in the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires HMO with over five scheduled appointments. Individual non‐attendance proportion was obtained by dividing missed over scheduled appointment numbers in the 365 days prior to index date. Outcomes were evaluated with a Cox proportional‐hazards or Fine and Gray model for competing risks. We adjusted by several variables.

Results

Sixty‐five thousand two hundred sixty‐five adults were included. Mean age was 63.6 years (SD 18.16), 29.9% male. Outpatients had average 10.18 (SD 5.59) appointments. Non‐attendance the year before the index appointment had a median of 20%. A 10% increase in non‐attendance was significantly associated with ED visits (asHR 1.19; 95%CI 1.08‐1.32, P < .001) and all‐cause mortality (aHR 7.57; 95%CI 4.88‐11.73, P < .001). In the matched subcohort analysis we observed a crude significant association of non‐attendance with ED visits (P < .001) and all‐cause mortality (P < .001).

Discussion

Our findings show non‐attendance could be a marker of health events that lead to emergency department evaluations and/or death.
Frida: Portrait of a self
Authors: Fried William
Published: July 2020

This paper is an analysis of the film Frida, based on accounts of the life of the Mexican artist, Frida Kahlo. Frida may be seen as a tragic hero in the mold of Antigone and Elektra. The paper explores the process by which a self may be created, with special emphasis on the uses of portraiture; it delves into the integration of contraries in the life of the protagonist and offers a psychoanalytic view of the way the self evolves under a variety of conditions. Frida's body has been injured and broken by physical trauma; her mind and spirit have also been influenced by this and other painful events. She fantasizes that she will be cured and made whole by her mentor, lover, husband, and betrayer, Diego Rivera. But Diego's adversary is Death, a personified force to whom Frida has given at least an equal measure of her love. It is inevitable that Death will win in this struggle: Frida, the phoenix, is consumed by fire that is her destruction but also a symbol of her unconquerable passion.
The role of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway in liver disease
Authors: Wang Sheng , Gao Songsen , Zhou Dexi , Qian Xueyi , Luan Jiajie , Lv Xiongwen
Published: July 2020

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a danger signal released by dying and damaged cells, and it functions as an immunostimulatory signal that promotes inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1 and CD73/ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase are cell‐surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine. This drives a shift from an ATP‐driven proinflammatory environment to an anti‐inflammatory milieu induced by adenosine. The CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway changes dynamically with the pathophysiological context in which it is embedded. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD39 and CD73 play important roles in liver disease as critical components of the extracellular adenosinergic pathway. Recent studies have shown that the modification of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway alters the liver's response to injury. Moreover, adenosine exerts different effects on the pathophysiology of the liver through different receptors. In this review, we aim to describe the role of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway and adenosine receptors in liver disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in this pathway, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver disease.
Novel starfish‐like Mo2C framework as efficient sulfur host for high electrochemical performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhao Song , Wei Zhongbin
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most suitable energy storage devices for electronic requirements due to their high energy density and specific capacity. In the past decades, many researchers have devoted themselves to developing high performance Li–S batteries. However, the application of LiS batteries continues to be hindered because of the severe polysulfide migration upon electrochemical cycles. In this work, novel starfish‐like Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) framework was prepared and used as cathode host materials for sulfur. Due to the presence of the Mo2C framework, the polysulfide migration can be efficiently inhibited.

RESULTS

The as‐prepared Mo2C/S composites exhibited a high initial specific capacity of 1396 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 C. Moreover, the Mo2C/S composites displayed a high capacity of 936 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 300 cycles.

CONCLUSION

The LiS batteries demonstrate superior cycling stability and high specific capacity via using Mo2C/S composites cathode. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Genetic counseling following direct‐to consumer genetic testing: Consumer perspectives
Authors: Marzulla Tessa , Roberts J. Scott , DeVries Raymond , Koeller Diane R. , Green Robert C. , Uhlmann Wendy R.
Published: July 2020

As the use and scope of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC GT), also becoming known as consumer‐driven genetic testing, increases, consumers may seek genetic counseling to understand their results and determine healthcare implications. In this study, we interviewed individuals who sought genetic counseling after receiving DTC GT results to explore their motivations, expectations, and experiences. Participants were recruited from the Impact of Personal Genomics (PGen) Study, a longitudinal cohort study of DTC GT customers. We interviewed 15 participants (9 females, mean age = 38 years) by telephone and analyzed the double‐coded transcripts using qualitative methods. Motivations for genetic counseling included family and personal health histories, concern and confusion about results, and information‐seeking; of note, one‐third of our interview participants had Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome Type III (hypermobility type). Expectations of genetic counseling sessions were high. Participants generally saw DTC GT results as valid and potentially impactful for their healthcare, wanted more thorough explanations in “layman’s terms,” a pooling of their results with their family and personal health history and a “game plan.” Several participants had already accessed online resources, including resources typically used by genetics clinicians. Our results point to several elements of a successful DTC GT genetic counseling session: 1) effective contracting when starting the clinic visit, especially determining motivations for genetic counseling, results that are concerning/confusing and resources already accessed; 2) ascertainment and management of expectations and clearly communicating if and why all results may not be reviewed; 3) explaining how DTC GT differs from clinical genetic testing and why additional testing may not be indicated and 4) listening to (not dismissing) patient concerns about their results. For those patients who seek genetic counseling about DTC GT results, the findings from our study can help inform case preparation and provision of genetic counseling.