bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERNUANSA ETNOMATEMATIKA DENGAN PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DAM-DAMAN DALAM MEMAHAMI MATERI GARIS DAN SUDUT
Authors: Imalia Uzdlifatul , Putra Eric Dwi , Panglipur Indah Rahayu
Published: November 2022

This study aims to produce Handout teaching materials with ethnomathematical nuances through the traditional game of Dam-daman in understanding line and angle material viewed from the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study uses the Plomp development model which is modified into 4 stages including preliminary investigation, design, realization/construction, and tests, evaluation and revision (test, evaluation and revision). The instruments used include (1) validation sheets, (2) handout implementation observation sheets, (3) student response questionnaires, and (4) test questions. The subjects of this study were 16 students of class VII-E at SMP Negeri 1 Puger. The quality of the development handout teaching materials seen from the aspect of validity is included in the very valid category with an average score of 4.5 from media experts and an average score of 4.7 from material experts categorized as very valid. RPP validation assessment obtained a score of 4.8 categorized as very valid. Other instruments that were validated were the handout implementation observation sheet with a score of 4.8 in the very valid category, the student response questionnaire with an average score of 4.8 in the very valid category, and the test sheet with a score of 4.7 in the very valid category. The practical aspect of the Handout was obtained from the results of the observation of the implementation of the Handout with a score of 4.5 in the very practical category and the results of the student response questionnaire with a score of 4.4 in the very practical category. From the aspect of the effectiveness of the teaching materials, the Handout is declared effective from the results of the student test analysis, namely the increase in the value of the pre-test to the post-test using an average N-Gain obtained of 0.78 so that it has a high level of effectiveness. Thus, the ethnomathematical nuances of the Handout teaching materials that were developed were declared to meet the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Amalia Lela , Sulistyorini Yunis
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on students' mathematical problem solving abilities on the subject of social arithmetic for class VII MTs Al-Ihsan. This study uses an experimental design research method with a posttest only control design. The data collection technique used an essay test with 5 questions, analyzed using Microsoft Excel data analyst. From the data that has been analyzed, it is obtained that the average of the experimental group is 81,750, while the average value of the control group is 76,417. Hypothesis analysis in this study using a t-test with a significant level of 5% (0.05) the results obtained  = 4.359 and  = 2.013, then  > . The results of the analysis prove that there is a significant effect of the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the mathematical problem solving abilities of seventh grade students of MTs Al-Ihsan.
Public finance capacity to secure expenditures during the war period and the post -war recovery of Ukraine
Authors:   nstitute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine, LUNINA Inna
Published: November 2022

Introduction . The armed aggression of the Russian Federation causes huge humanitarian and economic losses to Ukraine, severs urgent problems of covering budget expenditures due to the rapid growth of security and defence costs. Problem Statement. During the period of martial law, the budget of Ukraine needs significant amounts of international financial support and the involvement of the NBU in purchasing military bonds following a significant drop in the main source of public receipts - tax revenues. Purpose. The goal is to generalize the international experience of solving fiscal problems in post-conflict and crisis conditions and to develop recommendations on the implementation of the existing of public finances capacity to secure expenditures of the war period and the post -war recovery of Ukraine. Methods. The methods of systemic and historical-logical analysis, structural-functional analysis, statistical comparisons, graphic representation are applied. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the fiscal system of Ukraine during the war period, a significant decrease of tax revenue contribution to the financing of public expenditures was revealed - in March-June 2022 taxes covered only 39.1% of expenditures of the consolidated budget of Ukraine, while in January-June 2021 - 80.3%. It has been determined that the solution to the problems of financing the urgent budget needs of the war period requires the enhancement of efforts for tax revenue generation. It has been proven that in Ukraine, a one-time (special) voluntary tax declaration of assets by individuals, as well as reduction of corporate income tax rate and social security contribution rate did not yield the expected outcomes - income unshadowing, growth of investments and public revenues. The foreign experience of gaining additional budget revenues in periods of crisis was studied. Conclusions. Proposals regarding the fulfilment of the existing tax capacity of Ukraine in order to secure expenditures of the war period and the post-war recovery of Ukraine are substantiated, in particular by identifying “gaps” in compliance with tax law regulations (tax gaps); return of pre-war terms of taxation; extensive use of information from third parties, including from abroad, to prevent tax evasion; the increase of taxes on the income and property of wealthy taxpayers in crisis situations.
Does high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery affect the results of surgery for rectal cancer? (a systematic review and meta-analysis)
Authors: Fayzulin R. I. , Tarasov M. A. , Ponomarenko A. A. , Chernyshov S. V. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to compare methods of high and low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in relation to early and late outcomes in surgery for rectal and sigmoid cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: the systematic review performed in accordance with PRISMA practice and guidelines.

RESULTS: eighteen studies (5 randomized clinical trials and 13 retrospective studies) are included in the study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that left colic artery (LCA) preservation significantly reduced the incidence of anasto- motic leaks compared with high ligation of IMA (OR = 1.60; CI 1.23–2.10; p = 0.0006). There were no differences in operation time, blood loss, frequency of splenic flexure mobilization, number of harvested lymph nodes, incidence of urinary dysfunction, postoperative hospital stay and 5-year disease-free survival.

CONCLUSION: low ligation of the IMA improves the blood supply to the anastomosis and reduces the risk of anasto- motic leakage.
Pseudomembranous colitis in patients with COVID-19 (review)
Authors: Timerbulatov Sh. V. , Timerbulatov M. V. , Akhmerov D. R. , Timerbulatov V. M. , Gafarova A. R.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to estimate the features of pseudomembranous colitis in patients with COVID-19, diagnostics, conservative treatment and surgery for complications.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective analysis of 396 patients with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) in patients with new coronavirus infection was carried out for the period from March 2020 to November 2021. Among them there were 156 (39.3%) males, females — 240 (60.6%), moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 occurred in 97.48%.

The diagnosis of PMC was established due to clinical picture, laboratory, instrumental methods (feces on Cl. difficile, colonoscopy, CT, US, laparoscopy).

RESULTS: the PMC rate in COVID-19 was 1.17%. All patients received antibiotics, 2 or 3 antibiotics — 44.6%, glucocorticoids were received by all patients. At 82.8%, PMC developed during the peak of COVID-19. To clarify the PMC, CT was performed in 33.8% of patients, colonoscopy — 33.08%, laparoscopy — in 37.1% (to exclude bowel perforation, peritonitis). Conservative treatment was effective in 88.8%, 76 (19.1%) patients had indications for surgery (perforation, peritonitis, toxic megacolon). Most often, with peritonitis without clear intraoperative confirmation of perforation, laparoscopic lavage of the abdominal cavity was performed (60 patients — 78.9%, mortality — 15.0%), colon resection (n = 6 (7.9%), mortality — 66.6%), ileo- or colostomy (n = 8 (10.5%), mortality — 37.5%), colectomy (n = 2 (2.6%), mortality — 50.0%). The overall postoperative mortality rate was 22.4%, the incidence of surgical complications was 43.4%. In addition, in the postoperative period, pneumonia was in 76.3%, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 22.3% of patients. In general, the overall mortality in our patients with PMC was 11.4%, with conservative treatment — 8.8%.

CONCLUSION: pseudomembranous colitis is a severe, life-threatening complication of COVID-19. In the overwhelming majority of patients, conservative therapy was effective, but almost 1/5 of patients developed indications for surgery, the latter being accompanied by high mortality and a high morbidity rate. Progress in the treatment of PMC, apparently, is associated with early diagnosis, intensive conservative therapy, and in the case of indications for surgery, their implementation before decompensation of the patient’s condition and the development of severe intra-abdominal complications and sepsis.
IN MEMORIAM. Zoran Krivokapich
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2022

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Risk factors of burnout among physicians (results of public survey)
Authors: Mingazov A. F. , Lukomskiy I. S. , Khabibullina L. R. , Khomyakov E. A.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to identify risk factors for burnout of healthcare employees and to identify the most vulnerable category of practicing physicians.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: an observational study based on a public survey started from June to August 2022. The validated Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was used as a burnout assessment tool. An integral burnout index was calculated, on the basis of which significant risk factors were analyzed. The results obtained are presented in the form of a predictive nomogram.

RESULTS: the high degree of emotional burnout in Russia among doctors reaches 32%. The most significant professional risk factors are relationships between colleagues (p = 0.0002), overtime work (p = 0.006), work in outpatient unit (p = 0.006), with severe patients (p = 0.008) and uneven planning of work activities (0.0004). The protective factors are: family (p = 0.001), sports (p = 0.001), meditation (p = 0.005) and talking about own problems (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: burnout is a multifactorial problem. The proposed nomogram is useful for identification of the most vulnerable specialists.
Energy stability and decarbonization in developing countries: Random Forest approach for forecasting of crude oil trade flows and macro indicators
Authors: Nyangarika Anthony , Mikhaylov Alexey , Muyeen S. M. , Yadykin Vladimir , Mottaeva Angela B. , Pryadko Igor P. , Barykin Sergey , Fomenko Natalia , Rykov George , Shvandar Kristina
Published: November 2022

The paper observes the dependence of the main macroeconomic indicators in developing countries from the change in world prices for crude oil. We analyzed a system of simultaneous equations, which makes it possible to verify some of these hypotheses, and developed the model to forecast the impact of oil prices on budget revenues. The practical significance of this work lies in the structuring of existing knowledge on the impact of oil crisis. The results of this work can be considered confirmation of the hypothesis of the sensitivity of U.S. macroeconomic indicators to the dynamics of oil prices. Outcomes assume stable growth even in the period of shock prices for oil, which is confirmed by the statistics that were used in the model. Deep decarbonization modeling is a trend in industrial facilities that are used by developing countries. The major challenge is the issue of availability that is applicable to the countries that want to utilize this facility in their communities. Industrial modeling toward decarbonization is now a developing mechanism to curb the growing issue of atmospheric pollution. This paper proves the relevance of promoting deep decarbonization applied by the developing countries.
Benefits, equity, and sustainability of community rainwater harvesting structures: An assessment based on farm scale social survey
Authors: Alam Mohammad Faiz , McClain Michael E. , Sikka Alok , Daniel D. , Pande Saket
Published: November 2022

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHs) are implemented globally to bridge the frequent water supply-demand gaps. This study explores, through farmer household surveys (n = 492), how farmers perceived the benefits of RWHs, the equitability of benefits, and the role of contextual and psychological factors towards the behaviour of maintaining such systems. The study is carried out in a semi-arid catchment in the Indian state of Gujarat where RWHs, in the form of Check dams (CDs), have been implemented extensively. Results show that the benefits of CDs are perceived in good rainfall years through enhanced availability of water for expanding crops and irrigated areas. Farmers reported limited benefits of CDs in dry years. This is because of limited runoff and no carryover of stored groundwater, due to underlying shallow hard rock aquifer with little primary porosity, from wet years to dry years. Overall, ∼ 40%–50% of sampled farmers reported no benefits from CDs and the benefits decreased with distance. This reflects a spatially inequitable distribution of benefits skewed towards the farmers nearest to the CDs. The sustainability of CDs is a challenge with already ∼40% of CDs reportedly not working and 72.8% of farmers reported doing no maintenance activity. This is because 91.2% of farmers reported playing no role in its construction. The results show contextual (participation during construction, economic indicators) and sociopsychological factors (attention to CD condition, maintenance effort) significantly affect the behaviour towards maintaining the CDs. This highlights the need to complement RWHs with wider drought management and water demand management interventions to achieve drought resilience, and adherence to project exit protocols to secure the sustainability of investments.
Carbon emission reduction of shore power from power energy structure in China
Authors: Sun Ling , Ding Pantong , Xiong Yuxuan , Liu Wei , Hu Zijiang
Published: November 2022

With the construction of China’s ecological civilization and the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, shore power has been vigorously developed as an important technology for the future green development of ports. However, China’s electricity is still mostly coal-fired, which produces many carbon emissions. Coupled with regional differences, shore power is by no means certain to lower carbon emissions compared with fuel throughout China. Considering the power energy structure in different regions, this paper establishes a carbon emission correlation model between fuel and shore power during ship berthing, calculates the feasibility and actual emission reduction effect of shore power in coastal ports, and studies the restriction condition of starting time for the use of shore power for ships attached to ports according to the national policy of mandatory use of shore power. The results show that only a small part of coastal provinces and cities are suitable for using shore power, and it is limited by the berthing time of the ship. However, this condition is not related to the size of ships but related to the proportion of power generation. Therefore, the government should develop shore power according to local conditions, and vigorously increase the proportion of clean energy, so that the shore power truly achieve zero carbon emissions.
Identifying factors associated with central obesity in school students using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Zhang Yicheng , Wang Qiong , Xue Mei , Pang Bo , Yang Min , Zhang Zhixin , Niu Wenquan
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We, in a large survey of school students from Beijing, aimed to identify the minimal number of promising factors associated with central obesity and the optimal machine-learning algorithm.

Methods

Using a cluster sampling strategy, this cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing in early 2022 among students 6–14 years of age. Information was gleaned via online questionnaires and analyzed by the PyCharm and Python.

Results

Data from 11,308 children were abstracted for analysis, and 3,970 of children had central obesity. Light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) outperformed the other 10 models. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic of LGBM were 0.769982, 0.688312, 0.612323, 0.648098, and 0.825352, respectively. After a comprehensive evaluation, the minimal set involving top 6 important variables that can predict central obesity with descent performance was ascertained, including father's body mass index (BMI), mother's BMI, picky for foods, outdoor activity, screen, and sex. Validation using the deep-learning model indicated that prediction performance between variables in the minimal set and in the whole set was comparable.

Conclusions

We have identified and validated a minimal set of six important factors that can decently predict the risk of central obesity when using the optimal LGBM model relative to the whole set.
Transmission of environmentally responsible behavior between tourist destination employees and tourists: The role of moral elevation and environmental knowledge
Authors: Ye Weijiao , Li Ziqiang , Xu Yuyan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Tourists’ environmental misconduct is the primary reason for the environmental destruction that tourist sites experience; nevertheless, their environmentally responsible behavior is also a major push for the improvement of the environment. The main goal of this study is to induce tourists to adopt proactive environmental responsibility behaviors.

Methods

A total of 455 valid questionnaires were obtained from China and analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Results

The findings of this study indicate employees’ environmentally responsible behavior (E-ERB) in tourist destinations has a positive impact on tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior (T-ERB). In the mediating variable of moral elevation, the correlation between E-ERB and T-ERB is mediated by elevating emotions and views of humanity. And desire to be a better person did not play a mediating role in the relationship between E-ERB and T-ERB. Additionally, environmental knowledge moderates the transmission path of the impact of E-ERB and T-ERB via elevating emotions. With high environmental knowledge, the transmission path of the impact of employees’ environmentally responsible behavior of the tourist destination on tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior via elevating emotions will be enhanced.

Discussion

We propose a new perspective to explain the transmission mechanism between employees’ environmentally responsible behavior and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior in tourism destinations, which will help to expand our understanding of the relationship between employees’ behavior and tourists’ behavior. We expect our study to spark more exploration of the contagion of positive behavior in the field of environmental psychology.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves: Optimization of Extraction Yield and Nicotine Content
Authors: Djapic Nina
Published: November 2022

The employment of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for obtaining the chemical compounds from N. tabacum leaves, especially nicotine, is advancing. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of dried N. tabacum cv. Samsun and N. tabacum cv. Virginia at different process parameters was performed to obtain the highest extraction yield and nicotine relative amount. The optimal extraction conditions concerning the highest extraction yield and nicotine relative amount were determined by response surface methodology. The highest extraction yield for N. tabacum cv. Samsun was 2.99% and for N. tabacum cv. Virginia 2.33% at 23.41 MPa, 50 °C and 90 min of extraction time. The highest nicotine relative amount in N. tabacum cv. Samsun and N. tabacum cv. Virginia was at 15 MPa, 50 °C and 90 min extraction time and was 242.1 mg per 100 g of plant material and 32.4 mg per 100 g of plant material, respectively. The pressure, temperature and time influenced the extraction yield and nicotine relative amount recovery in N. tabacum cv. Samsun and N. tabacum cv. Virginia. A general inclusive concept in respect to pressure, temperature and time of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and a report on phytochemicals present in two N. tabacum varieties is presented.
Variation Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Two-Dimensional Rectangular Moonpool Resonance under Sway Motion
Authors: Zhang Zhouhao , Zhang Hongsheng , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of sudden changes in hydrodynamic coefficients cannot be neglected when the resonance of a two-dimensional rectangular moonpool occurs; however, it may not be meaningful to discuss the detailed values of hydrodynamic coefficients when the resonance occurs. The analytical solution of the hydrodynamic coefficients of a two-dimensional rectangular moonpool under sway motion derived based on the linear potential flow theory is first improved. The improved analytical results and the results with the far-field method are then compared and verified. The results show that the hydrodynamic coefficients of a two-dimensional rectangular moonpool under sway motion change suddenly at the second resonant frequency, which was not found in the original analytical solution of damping coefficient.
Mountain/Body Metaphor in the Andes
Authors: Bastien Joseph William
Published: November 2022

Andeans have employed metaphors to their land and communities since Inca times. The author explains the mountain/body metaphor of Qollahuaya Andeans in Kaata, Bolivia. These Indians live in low, central and high communities on Mount Kaata. These communities are united not only bu resource and spouse exchange but also by their understanding of Mount Kaata according to the anatomical paradigm of a human body. This metaphor is expressed in legends, names of place, earth-shrines, and rituals. The properties of this central symbol are: (1) completeness-(2) stratification; (3) telluric; and (4) metaphorical. The mountain/body metaphor indicates another component of the ayllu: it shows how metaphor provides cultural unification for diverse agricultural levels and different communities in the Andes. The ayllu consists of symbolic as well as social and economic structures. (Symbolic anthropology, verticality, dominant symbol, and ayllu).
Los límites de los cuatro suyus incaicos en el Cuzco
Authors: Zuidema Reiner Tom , Poole Deborah
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In 1977 W. Espinoza Soriano published in this bulletin a document from 1577 giving a list of towns and villages belonging to the four suyus of Cuzco. On the basis of this list we publish a map and we show the coincidence concerning the borders of the suyus with those defined by Zuidema based on other evidence. The comparison helps to correct confusions introduced by Espinoza in his analysis of the data and to refute his criticisms to Zuidema.
Tres documentos inéditos para la historia de la guerra de reconquista inca. Las declaraciones de Lorenzo Manko y Diego Yuqra Tikona, servidores de Manko Inka Yupanki y de Francisco Waman Rimachi, testigos presenciales de los sucesos de 1533 a 1558
Authors: Guillén Guillén Edmundo
Published: November 2022

Résumé

Dans cet article sont publiées les déclarations de trois témoins oculaires des événements de 1533 à 1558, c’est-à-dire depuis l’entrée de Manko Inka Yupanki à Cusco, avec ses alliés espagnols, jusqu’à la “sortie” de Yauki Sayri Thupa, — un de ses enfants — en 1558, sur la pression militaire et diplomatique du Marquis de Cañete. Ces témoignages directs, confrontés avec d’autres contemporains, constituent de nouveaux éléments inédits pour éclairer la version donnée par les sources espagnoles de cette époque ; ils font connaître également, et presque en détail, les négociations du vice-roi Marquis de Cañete, lequel se proposait d’en finir pacifiquement avec la résistance héroïque de Vilcabamba, ainsi que la prudence Inca pour déjouer ce plan et éviter les dangers d’une guerre contre ce dernier réduit du Tawantinsuyo.

Il ressort de ces témoignages, comparés avec d’autres fiables que nous avons consultés, la mise en question de la vérité sur la succession de Sayri Thupa à la mort de son père, Manko Inka, et la possibilité que le jeune auki ait simulé cette fonction par le truchement d’un artifice politique de la Cour de Vilcabamba.
Stratégie d’échange et relations de marché : le cas de Sibayo
Authors: Brougère Anne-Marie
Published: November 2022

Resumen

Hoy día, la mayoría de los investigadores que trabajan el tema del pastoralismo andino está de acuerdo en reconocer el aspecto fundamental del factor ecológico sobre el desarrollo de las sociedades pastorales, y más específicamente sobre la organización social. Constituye un buen ejemplo de eso la comunidad ganadera de Sibayo.

Antiguamente, esta comunidad estaba inserta en un mecanismo que permitía a una misma etnia la redistribución de sus productos a lo largo de varios pisos ecológicos. Hoy día, a pesar de las alteraciones soportadas por el sistema desde que se instaló la Colonia, el espíritu en el cual se aplicaba existe todavía en Sibayo. Eso significa que los ganaderos tratan de mantener un cierto control sobre varios pisos ecológicos para obtener productos que no se encuentran donde viven de manera permanente. Eso sigue siendo posible gracias a la vigencia de un amplio sistema de trueque permitiendo intercambios no monetarios entre la comunidad y cuatro pisos ecológicos que abarcan las zonas Chala, Yunga, Quechua y Puna.

Sin embargo, la vigencia de esta organización no impide que la comunidad esté en contacto estrecho y permanente con el mercado capitalista, sobre todo a través de la venta de una parte de su producción de lana y carne. Pero, el ganadero tiene una posición muy desfavorable pues se queda sin posibilidad de control o de intervención sobre el conjunto de las operaciones de mercado para obtener lo que le es necesario para todo el año.

Es más que todo por esta razón que muchos ganaderos de Sibayo utilizan todavía el trueque. Algunos además han terminado de vender una parte de su producción a los intermediarios. Se tratará de estudiar en un futuro cercano si esta tendencia reciente se confirma, y cual serán las consecuencias sobre la estructura interna de la comunidad.
Les chefferies préhispaniques du nord de l’Équateur. Formes d’habitat et organisation territoriale
Authors: Caillavet Chantal
Published: November 2022

Résumé

Cet article propose d’analyser la distribution et l’organisation socio-politique de la population autochtone de l’ethnie Otavalo, à l’arrivée des conquérants espagnols.

Faute d’avoir été conservés pour le territoire équatorien, les actes de la “Visite” du Vice-Roi Toledo ou un recensement de la région considérée pour le XVIème siècle ne permettent de connaître ni la taille des unités ethniques de base (les parcialidades), leur nombre, leur distribution spatiale, leur hiérarchie et organisation interne : j’ai donc recours à une autre méthode pour compenser cette lacune documentaire. Il s’agit d’analyser un document d’archives qui donne une liste de noms de chefs ethniques de l'encomienda d’Otavalo, présentée par le chef le plus important de l’ethnie, en 1582 ; elle précise la quantité de coton brut qu’il a distribuée à chacun d’eux pour la fabrication des tissus du tribut colonial. Grâce à des références d’archives, j’ai ensuite calculé la proportion entre coton brut et tissus finis et, donc, l’équivalence entre la production de tissus, le nombre d’indiens tributaires et enfin, la population globale assignée à chaque chef ethnique.

La deuxième étape m’a conduite, par un travail d’archives et une enquête sur le terrain, à identifier puis à localiser chacun de ces chefs et leurs parcialidades.

Cette information rétablie permet de reconstituer l’habitat indien avant les reducciones coloniales : il semble très dispersé mais réparti très régulièrement dans tout le territoire de l’ethnie, occupant les différents paliers écologiques et souvent implanté à plus grande altitude qu’à l’époque coloniale.

Lesparcialidades sont de taille très variable, et regroupent une population — sous l’autorité d’un chef commun — oscillant de 60 à 1200 personnes. Ces modalités de peuplement si diversifiées sont en rapport avec l’écologie des terroirs occupés : unités plus petites dans les terres chaudes qu’en altitude. Diversité qui implique aussi une organisation socio-politique différente d’une parcialidad à l’autre : les écarts de statut entre les chefs ethniques sont manifestes ainsi que leur poids politique au niveau du pouvoir régional. Quelques éléments suggèrent l’existence d’une hiérarchie entre certains d’entre eux, déterminée autant par le prestige d’ordre religieux de telle unité ethnique que par la suprématie démographique de telle autre.
Las visitas a Yanquecollaguas de los siglos XVI y XVII: organización social y tenencia de tierras
Authors: Benavides María
Published: November 2022

This work presents an installment on the study of the visitas to the yanquecollaguas towns of the Coica valley, in the peruvian south andean region. These visitas consist of population census, agricultural land and livestock surveys of the most important sector of the colonial province of Collaguas, juridiction of Arequipa: the repartimientos of Yanquecollaguas.

The analysis is based on the two unpublished visitas of 1604 and 1615-1617, and will also dwell with the visitas of 1591 published by Franklin Pease G. Y. (1977b) and the fragmented one of 1667 published by Guillermo Caldos Rodríguez (1984). Utilizing the rich information offered by the visitas to the yanquecollaguas, it is intented to establish what was the social organization and the tenure system and inheritance mechanism of agricultural land and of livestock during the viceroyalty. An attempt is made to compare the viceroyal —colonial— and the actual systems with respect to the institutions governing tenure and inheritance of the agricultural land and pastures.
La sierra de Piura: ¿al margen de la evolución agraria andina?
Authors: Etesse Grégoire
Published: November 2022

La diversidad productiva de la sierra de Piura, al Norte del Perú, obedece a tres modalidades principales de reproducción de la fertilidad, basadas en:

1- el árbol y la roza y quema,

2- el animal y la agricultura de yunta ligera (arado de palo), y

3- el agua y la irrigación.

Resulta fecundo para aproximarse a la evolución agrícola andina, intentar poner fechas a la aparición de estas diferentes formas de agricultura que coexisten en la sierra central de Piura. Ésta constituye un espacio marginal, pues ni la revolución agrohidraúlica andina, ni la revolución forrajera del siglo XIX, ni la revolución verde reciente se han generalizado. Pese a su marginación y su atraso con relación a la espectacular acumulación de las fuerzas productivas en los valles de la costa, la microrregión posee una dinámica del desarrollo agrario propia, que combina técnicas de arborización, de irrigación y de articulación entre agricultura y ganadería con relaciones sociales originales (rondas campesinas).
Un sitio precerámico de Huarmey (PV35-6) antes de la introducción del maíz
Authors: Bonavia Duccio , Johnson-Kelly Laura W. , Reitz Elizabeth J. , Wing Elizabeth S. , Weir Glendon H.
Published: November 2022

A preceramic site near Huarmey (PV 35-6) before the introduction of maize

Abstract

An attempt is made to reconstruct the history of a preceramic site on the Peruvian north-central coast that was inhabited during the third millenium BC. The site and the materials recovered are described in this article.

The botanical remains indicate that this occupation belonged to a transitional phase between the early preceramic epoch, when the first domesticated plants began to be utilized, and the late preceramic epoch, when domesticated plants represented the fundamental basis of the economy in societies on the Peruvian coast.

The importance of the site is due to the fact that it represents an occupation immediately prior to the introduction of maize in the zone. Among the botanical material are fragments of leaves, possibly of coca. They are probably the most ancient remains of this plant known. There are also pods of beans, representing the earliest presence of this plant on the coast. The animal remains reflect the importance of the sea and its products for the early societies of Huarmey.

The recovery of coprolites has led to reconstruction of the pollen spectrum and facilitated knowledge of the environment in which those societies developed. It has also enabled the authors to reconstruct the diet. It is interesting to note the possible existence of geophagy (pica).

The authors conclude that, while dedicated to fishing and gathering of seafoods, the inhabitants of PV 35-6 were also utilizing agricultural produce and at the same time practising the gathering of vegetable foods and hunting of small land animals.
La divinidad de las tinieblas
Authors: Salazar-Soler Carmen
Published: November 2022

El propósito de este artículo es presentar y analizar testimonios recogidos entre los trabajadores de un centro minero de la región de Huancavelica (Perú central) sobre la divinidad de la mina, el Muqui. A través de la comparación con testimonios sobre el Muqui recogidos en otras regiones andinas, se trata de reflexionar sobre la pertinencia de hablar de un mundo minero andino como una entidad más allá de diferencias regionales. Se estudia el proceso de construcción de esta divinidad a través del examen de la tradición prehispánica y de la tradición europea sobre duendes y gnomos mineros.
On the associations between Hydrometeorological conditions in Amazonia and the extremes of the Southern Oscillation
Authors: Marengo José A. , Nobre Carlos A. , Sampaio Gilvan
Published: November 2022

Association entre les conditions hydrométéorologiques en Amazonie et les extrêmes de l’oscillation du sud

L’Amazonie du nord et du centre montre une tendance vers une anomalie négative de la pluviométrie de l’été au cours des phases avancées d’événements El Niño forts comme ceux de 1982/83, 1986/87 et de 1997/98. Cependant on observe aussi une tendance vers une anomalie positive de la pluviométrie, certaines années El Niño comme 1972/73. Une inversion des variations de la pluviométrie entre le nord et le sud de l’ Amazonie est évidente. On a aussi observé que certaines stations en Amazonie reçoivent une pluviométrie excédentaire l’année qui précède le maximum du El Niño, alors que d’autres montrent des tendances nettement négatives au début de l’été, compensées par d’importantes anomalies positives au coeur de la saison des pluies dans l’année du El Niño. De plus un fort événement El Niño est aussi concomitant de nuages de fumées résultants des incendies provoqués par une saison sèche exceptionnellement longue, qui affecte les habitants des principales villes d’Amazonie.
Fetal Nephrology: A Quaternary Care Center Experience
Authors: Plaud Gonzalez Auda M. , Joseph Catherine , Stover Samantha R. , Nassr Ahmed , Koh Chester J. , Angelo Joseph R. , Braun Michael C.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Specialized fetal centers see a highly complex subset of patients with CAKUT with a predominance of complex or syndromic disease.

The mortality rate for fetuses with complex developmental anomalies and CAKUTs or bilateral CAKUTs is high.

Prenatal genetic testing was highly variable with limited diagnostic utility while focused postnatal genetic testing had much higher yield.

Background

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) represent 15%–20% of prenatally diagnosed abnormalities. Maternal characteristics, the frequency of various forms of kidney disease including CAKUT referred for prenatal nephrology consultation, and their perinatal outcomes are less well defined.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of fetal CAKUT and other forms of kidney disease referred for prenatal nephrology consults at Texas Children's Hospital Fetal Center from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018.

Results

Two hundred seventeen prenatal nephrology consultations were performed during the study period, representing 4.7% of total Fetal Center referrals at a mean estimated gestational age of 25.2±5.7 weeks. Maternal characteristics were as follows: The mean age was 29.3±5.6 years; 14% had advanced maternal age; 10% had a family history of CAKUT or ESKD; 5% had diabetes mellitus; and 5% of pregnancies were in vitro fertilization-assisted. Fetal characteristics were as follows: 62.7% of fetuses were male and 16% had CAKUT associated with multiple congenital anomalies. The most common prenatal diagnoses were lower urinary tract obstruction in 71 (32.7%), unilateral renal agenesis or multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in 52 (24.9%), bilateral agenesis or MCDK in 22 (10.1%), and bilateral cystic kidney disease in 19 (8.8%). Seventy-six percent of patients received genetic counseling. One hundred forty-one (64.9%) patients had some form of prenatal genetic testing with a positivity rate of 5.7%. Postnatal characteristics were as follows: 61 (28.1%) patients were seen in prenatal consultation only and no follow-up was available. Of the remaining 156 pregnancies, 136 (86.3%) were viable and delivered at a mean gestational age of 35.2±3.8 weeks. Of these, 100 (64%) survived to discharge. Additional postnatal genetic testing was obtained in 27 infants with a positivity rate of 59%.

Conclusions

Overall perinatal mortality for this cohort as a whole was high (35.8%). While prenatal genetic testing had a limited diagnostic utility, targeted postnatal genetic testing had a much higher diagnostic yield.
Nível de conhecimento de mulheres nulíparas sobre a violência obstétrica de diferentes classes socias do DF e entorno – um estudo descritivo
Authors: De Morais Anna Beatriz Fonseca , Carvalho Larissa Kelly dos Santos , de Azevedo Monique , Silva e Borges Maria Beatriz , Paiva Leticia Martins , da Silva Geovana Soares
Published: November 2022

Introdução: Segundo a OMS, a violência obstétrica se caracteriza pela falta de humanidade, respeito e cuidado com a parturiente e seu bebê. Atitudes como maus tratos, xingamentos e procedimentos sem o consentimento da mulher nas instituições de saúde, são considerados como violência obstétrica, acarretando traumas psicológicos e físicos para a vida da gestante. Objetivos: Descrever o nível de conhecimento das mulheres nulíparas de diferentes classes sociais do Distrito Federal e do entorno, a respeito da violência obstétrica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com método transversal descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de conhecimento de mulheres nulíparas acerca da violência obstétrica. A metodologia utilizada é a técnica de snowball, onde serão contatadas mulheres através das redes sociais e indicação sequencial e continuada de familiares e amigos. As participantes serão convidadas a participar da pesquisa e receberão todas as informações a respeito do estudo, bem como de sua participação no mesmo. Resultados: Observou-se um elevado número de estudantes com pouco conhecimento sobre violência obstétrica, principalmente nas questões que envolvem o enema (lavagem intestinal) 44,6%, 32,7% de mulheres desconhecem a manobra de Kristeller como um tipo de violência obstétrica e 31,7% das mulheres desconhecem o uso de tricotomia 26,7% não concordam. A respeito da restrição de locomoção da parturiente, 26,7% já ouviram falar, porém desconhecem e 13,9% não concordam. Conclusão: No âmbito geral, o presente trabalho mostrou uma maior ausência no conhecimento a respeito da violência obstétrica entre as mulheres nulíparas independente da classe socioeconômica.
Efeitos não auditivos de trabalhadores expostos a ruído e produtos químicos em segmento de calçados
Authors: Pereira Karina Vieira Sales , Batista Emykaelly Kauanne Lima , Souza Paulo Rodrigo Lyra de , Araújo Renato Jonatas da Silva , Silva Nancy Sotero , Gonçalves Valéria de Sá Barreto , Soares Jaims Franklin Ribeiro , Andrade Wagner Teobaldo Lopes de
Published: November 2022

Introdução: O ruído é realidade em grande parte das atividades industriais, sendo capaz de provocar efeitos que vão além da perda auditiva, como cefaleia, alterações de sono, alteração no equilíbrio corporal, desregulação da pressão arterial, problemas no estômago, estresse e outros fatores emocionais como baixa tolerância, ansiedade, isolamento, dificuldades nas relações familiares, baixa autoestima e depressão. Objetivo: Investigar a ocorrência dos efeitos não auditivos dos trabalhadores expostos a ruído e produtos químicos em segmento da produção de calçados. Métodos: A pesquisa realizada é do tipo descritiva, observacional e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram analisados os dados de 392 trabalhadores expostos ao ruído, de ambos os sexos, de uma empresa de calçados localizada na Região Metropolitana de João Pessoa/PB. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas utilizando o Protocolo de Impacto do Ruído na Saúde do Trabalhador proposto por Santos, Andrade e Soares (2021). Resultados: Os efeitos não auditivos mais citados pelos trabalhadores foram ansiedade (77,80%), cansaço físico (75,51%), cansaço mental (67,34%), cefaleia (63,38%), irritação (63,01%) e estresse (61,73%). Conclusão: Percebeu-se uma alta prevalência de efeitos não auditivos na população exposta a ruído, o que torna necessário um maior cuidado da equipe de saúde e segurança do trabalho, no que tange à aplicação das normas regulamentadoras, como também maior conscientização dos trabalhadores no que diz respeito ao uso contínuo dos equipamentos de proteção individual para otimização da saúde no âmbito ocupacional.
Efeitos auditivos em trabalhadores expostos a ruído no ramo industrial de embalagens
Authors: Silva Marília Medeiros e , Athayde Camila Maria , Walter Allanis Garcia , Gonçalves Valéria de Sá Barreto , Soares Jaims Franklin Ribeiro , Andrade Wagner Teobaldo Lopes de
Published: November 2022

Introdução: Trabalhadores constantemente expostos a ruído, como os do ramo industrial, podem vir a apresentar efeitos auditivos e não auditivos, dentre  os quais, o mais comumente relatado é a perda auditiva. Além deste, outros efeitos auditivos frequentes são: zumbido, plenitude auricular, intolerância a sons intensos, otalgia e dificuldade de compreensão de fala. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos auditivos referidos pelos trabalhadores expostos ao ruído em uma indústria de embalagens da Região Metropolitana de João Pessoa/PB. Métodos: O estudo apresenta delineamento analítico, observacional e transversal. Foi realizada uma entrevista com os participantes utilizando o Protocolo de Impacto do Ruído na Saúde do Trabalhador de Santos, Andrade e Soares (2021) com 146 trabalhadores de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 18 e 62 anos e que estavam expostos ao ruído na empresa de embalagens. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley. Resultados: Os efeitos auditivos mais relatados pelos trabalhadores foram dificuldade de compreensão de fala (65,1%) e intolerância a sons intensos (58,2%). Os trabalhadores do sexo masculino e com idade de até 25 anos referiram mais efeitos auditivos em relação ao sexo feminino e sujeitos com idade superior. Todos os  trabalhadores referiram usar protetor auditivo, principalmente do tipo inserção. Conclusão: A prevalência dos efeitos auditivos foi alta na população estudada, especialmente a dificuldade de compreensão de fala e a intolerância a sons intensos. Apesar do notório cuidado da empresa em relação à saúde do trabalhador, se faz necessário um estudo mais aprofundado para possibilitar a adoção de estratégias que visem à minimização do impacto do ruído sobre o trabalhador.
Fatores associados a automedicação em adultos e a importância do profissional farmacêutico
Authors: Lima Aline Ketlen Barbosa de , Antonelli-Ushirobira Tânia Mara
Published: November 2022

Automedicação é o ato de utilizar medicamentos sem que haja prescrição de um profissional habilitado. Esta ingestão de fármacos de forma irracional pode ocasionar diversos problemas à saúde. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo averiguar os principais fatores que levam à automedicação e a importância da orientação farmacêutica para estas pessoas. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 103 pessoas, sendo 73 do sexo feminino (70,9%) e 30 do sexo masculino (29,1%), sendo a maioria dos entrevistados pessoas não vinculadas à área da saúde. Grande parte dos entrevistados se automedicaram nos 30 dias anteriores à pesquisa e alguns apresentaram reações adversas, corroborando com um dos principais problemas atribuídos a essa prática. Sintomas considerados leves ou apresentados em outro momento foi o principal fator contribuinte para a busca por medicamentos sem prescrição. Mesmo o farmacêutico sendo considerado profissional importante para orientações, poucas pessoas utilizam seus conhecimentos na rotina de cuidados com a saúde, o que pode ser observado pelo número de pessoas que relatam ter se automedicado.
Utilização da solução de bicarbonato de sódio na COVID-19 através do telemonitoramento
Authors: Marques Rubens de Cassio Reis , Filho Alberto Alves , Bispo Beatriz do Carmo , Cavalcante Willian da Silva , Oliveira Elizangela Barbosa de Lima , Moura Hemeson Lira de , Lobato Cirley Maria de Oliveira , Pereira Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , Pardo Leticia , Costa Joicely Melo da , Reis Luciano Patrocínio dos , Andrade Maíra Garcia , Furtado Cydia de Menezes , Fontes Tawã do Nascimento , Almeida Angélica Bento de , Soares Carolina Pontes
Published: November 2022

A utilização da nebulização com solução alcalina de bicarbonato de sódio seria uma opção para possivelmente prevenir a infecção da COVID-19, haja vista o contexto da pandemia e a incessante busca por um tratamento. Esta pesquisa objetiva descrever e elencar os sintomas de um grupo de pacientes que realizaram a nebulização com solução de sódio no período de pandemia da COVID 19. Trata-se de um estudo com análise descritiva dos sintomas e intercorrências clínicas de pacientes de um mesmo grupo familiar com a utilização da solução de bicarbonato de sódio em combate à disseminação do vírus Sars-CoV-2. Durante os primeiros 14 dias de nebulização, o único sintoma apresentado por um componente do grupo familiar foi de cefaléia. Conclui-se que a combinação de hábitos saudáveis, isolamento social e alcalinização das vias aéreas tem potencial de proteção sólido para contaminação e atenuação da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2.