bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Junk in the joint: A trend for arthroscopic debridement to improve outcomes following closed reduction of traumatic hip dislocation
Authors: Keil Lukas G , Vorburger Michael S , Dahners Laurence E
Published: September 2015

Purpose

To determine whether arthroscopic debridement following closed reduction of traumatic hip dislocation is associated with less persistent pain and functional impairment than closed reduction alone.

Methods

Retrospective comparative study, consisting of telephone interview, 2–14 years postinjury. Subjects were 15 patients aged 18 years or older at time of injury who received closed reduction of traumatic hip dislocation with arthroscopy (seven patients) or without arthroscopy (eight patients) at a level 1 trauma center between 2000 and 2012. The exposure was arthroscopic removal of intra-articular loose bodies following closed reduction. The primary outcome was the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons® Hip & Knee Outcomes Questionnaire.

Results

Among the patients who received arthroscopy, the mean Hip & Knee Core Scale standardized score (0–100) was 98 (SD 2), as compared to 86 (SD 29) among patients who did not. These scores showed a statistical trend toward less pain and improved function in the arthroscopy group (p = 0.069). No patients in the arthroscopy group had scores below the average among healthy people, as compared to three of eight (38%) in the control group.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent arthroscopic debridement in addition to closed reduction had nonsignificant improvements in pain, stiffness, swelling, and functional impairment as compared to those who received closed reduction alone. Though not significant, these results warrant further study to determine whether arthroscopy is indicated for all patients suffering traumatic hip dislocation.

Level of Evidence

IV
The quantified self: What counts in the neoliberal workplace
Authors: Moore Phoebe , Robinson Andrew
Published: September 2015

Implementation of quantified self technologies in workplaces relies on the ontological premise of Cartesian dualism with mind dominant over body. Contributing to debates in new materialism, we demonstrate that workers are now being asked to measure our own productivity and health and well-being in art-houses and warehouses alike in both the global north and south. Workers experience intensified precarity, austerity, intense competition for jobs and anxieties about the replacement of labour-power with robots and other machines as well as, ourselves replaceable, other humans. Workers have internalised the imperative to perform, a subjectification process as we become observing entrepreneurial subjects and observed, objectified labouring bodies. Thinking through the implications of the use of wearable technologies in workplaces, this article shows that these technologies introduce a heightened Taylorist influence on precarious working bodies within neoliberal workplaces.
Algorithmic brands: A decade of brand experiments with mobile and social media
Authors: Carah Nicholas
Published: September 2015

This article examines how brands have iteratively experimented with mobile and social media. The activities of brands – including Coca-Cola, Virgin and Smirnoff – at music festivals in Australia since 2005 are used as an instructive case. The article demonstrates how these brands imagined social media, attempted to instruct consumers to use mobile devices, and used cultural events to stimulate image production tuned to the decision-making of social media algorithms. The article contributes to debate by articulating how brands are important actors in the development of algorithmic media infrastructure and devices. Accounts of algorithmic media need to examine how the analytic capacities of social and mobile media are interdependent with orchestrating the creative participation of users.
Doing feminism in the network: Networked laughter and the ‘Binders Full of Women’ meme
Authors: Rentschler Carrie A. , Thrift Samantha C.
Published: September 2015

We analyse how memes construct networks of feminist critique and response, mobilising the derisive laughter that energises current feminisms. Using the 2012 case of the ‘Binders Full of Women’ meme, we argue that feminist memes create online spaces of consciousness raising and community building. The timeliness, humorous affect and media techné of meme propagators become significant infrastructures for feminist critique, what we term ‘doing feminism in the network’. If the Internet is particularly good at facilitating the diffusion of feminist jokes, as others argue, we illustrate how the networking and distribution capacities of social media platforms such as Tumblr, Facebook and the online shopping site Amazon.com also cultivate new modes of feminist cultural critique and models of political agency for practising feminism through meme production and propagation.
Parent–Offspring Conflict Over Mating
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos
Published: September 2015

Evolutionary reasoning indicates that certain traits are more beneficial when they are found in a mate than in a son- or a daughter-in-law, while other traits are more beneficial when they are found in a son- or a daughter-in-law than in a mate. This translates into different evolutionary pressures exercised on in-law and mate preferences driving them to diverge. The purpose of this research is to identify the domains over which in-law and mate choice is exercised, and following this, to identify the areas of agreement and disagreement in these domains. In particular, using an extensive sample of parents ( N = 1,717), Study 1 identifies 10 domains over which mate and in-law choice is exercised. Study 2 employs a sample of families ( N = 541) in order to compare the preferences of parents with the preferences of their children. It is found that in-law and mate preferences diverge over several domains including good looks, personality, and family background.
Height and Body Mass on the Mating Market
Authors: Frederick David A. , Jenkins Brooke N.
Published: September 2015

People with traits that are attractive on the mating market are better able to pursue their preferred mating strategy. Men who are relatively tall may be preferred by women because taller height is a cue to dominance, social status, access to resources, and heritable fitness, leading them to have more mating opportunities and sex partners. We examined height, education, age, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) as predictors of sexual history among heterosexual men and women ( N = 60,058). The linear and curvilinear associations between self-reported height and sex partner number were small for men when controlling for education, BMI, and ethnicity (linear β = .05; curvilinear β = −.03). The mean and median number of sex partners for men of different heights were: very short (9.4; 5), short (11.0; 7), average (11.7; 7), tall (12.0; 7), very tall (12.1; 7), and extremely tall (12.3; 7). Men who were “overweight” reported a higher mean and median number of sex partners than men with other body masses. The results for men suggested limited variation in reported sex partner number across most of the height continuum, but that very short men report fewer partners than other men.
Factors Impacting the Likelihood of Student Withdrawals in Core Business Classes
Authors: Boldt David J. , Kassis Mary M. , Smith William J.
Published: September 2015

The course withdrawal decision includes both monetary and time costs for the student. Institutional costs include the misallocation of scarce seats to noncompleting students. Understanding the course withdrawal decision process can aid advisors and administrators as they seek ways to improve retention and progression. This study uses 21,318 course outcomes from introductory business core courses for the period 2003 to 2013. Our results suggest a higher withdrawal probability for students with merit-based scholarships and with a previous history of withdrawals. Online courses and withdrawal-related policy changes are also important factors in the withdrawal decision. Individuals who are less likely to withdraw include those with a high GPA or SAT score, students with more experience, summer school attendees, and Black students. In addition, students in introductory economics or business law classes were less likely to withdraw than those taking introductory accounting courses. Variables such as need-based aid, gender, and age did not impact the course withdrawal decision.
Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Education and Navigation
Authors: Mojica Cynthia M. , Morales-Campos Daisy Y. , Carmona Christina M. , Ouyang Yongjian , Liang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2015

Now that cancer has surpassed heart disease as the top cause of death for Hispanics in the United States, it is even more critical to focus on early detection of cancer in this population. We report the results of a theory-driven education-plus-navigation pilot intervention delivered by bilingual, bicultural community health workers (CHWs) with the goal of increasing cancer screening rates and knowledge among low-income Latinas. CHWs enrolled 691 eligible women, ages 18 to 75 years, considered rarely or never screened for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. Eligible women were scheduled for an education session and offered health care navigation support with appointment scheduling and reminder/follow-up calls. CHWs provided education to 535 (77%) eligible women, and arranged mammograms, Pap tests, or stool blood tests for 174 (25%) participants, with another 94 (14%) placed on a waiting list at a local health center. Statistically significant positive changes on knowledge of screening guidelines for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, and beliefs/attitudes regarding early detection were observed from pre- to posttest among eligible women who attended an educational session. Results highlight the effectiveness of CHW-directed interventions in recruiting individuals for programs, educating them, and influencing cancer knowledge and screening behavior.
Sampling and Recruiting Community-Based Programs Using Community-Partnered Participation Research
Authors: Stockdale Susan E. , Tang Lingqi , Pudilo Esmeralda , Lucas-Wright Anna , Chung Bowen , Horta Mariana , Masongsong Zoe , Jones Felica , Belin Thomas R. , Sherbourne Cathy , Wells Kenneth
Published: September 2015

The inclusion of community partners in participatory leadership roles around statistical design issues like sampling and randomization has raised concerns about scientific integrity. This article presents a case study of a community-partnered, participatory research (CPPR) cluster-randomized, comparative effectiveness trial to examine implications for study validity and community relevance. Using study administrative data, we describe a CPPR-based design and implementation process for agency/program sampling, recruitment, and randomization for depression interventions. We calculated participation rates and used cross-tabulation to examine balance by intervention status on service sector, location, and program size and assessed differences in potential populations served. We achieved 51.5% agency and 89.6% program participation rates. Programs in different intervention arms were not significantly different on service sector, location, or program size. Participating programs were not significantly different from eligible, nonparticipating programs on community characteristics. We reject claims that including community members in research design decisions compromises scientific integrity. This case study suggests that a CPPR process can improve implementation of a community-grounded, rigorous randomized comparative effectiveness trial.
Providing Logistics Support to CDC-Deployed Staff for the Ebola Response in Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone
Authors: Dopson Stephanie A. , Rodriguez Rockie , Rouse Edward N.
Published: September 2015

The first Ebola cases in West Africa were reported by the Guinea Ministry of Health on March 23, 2014, and by June it became the largest recorded Ebola outbreak. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention field teams were deployed to West Africa, including in-country logistics staff who were critical for ensuring the movement of staff, equipment, and supplies to locations where public health knowledge and experience were applied to meet mission-related requirements. The logistics role was critical to creating the support for epidemiologists, medical doctors, laboratory staff, and health communicators involved in health promotion activities to successfully respond to the epidemic, both in the capital cities and in remote villages. Logistics personnel worked to procure equipment, such as portable video projectors, and have health promotion materials printed. Logistics staff also coordinated delivery of communication and health promotion materials to the embassy and provided assistance with distribution to various partners.
Synthesis of 9-Aminoacridine Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Munawar Rabya , Mushtaq Nousheen , Arif Sadia , Ahmed Ahsaan , Akhtar Shamim , Ansari Sumaira , Meer Sadia , Saify Zafar S. , Arif Muhammad
Published: September 2015

In the present study, some 9-aminoacridine derivatives have been synthesized by condensation of 9-aminoacridine with substituted phenacyl, benzoyl, and benzyl halides (RM1-RM6). Compounds were investigated for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition potential, considering these enzymes playing a key role in Alzheimer’s disease. All derivatives showed better inhibition of enzymes than the standard galantamine, whereas except RM4, all exhibit better results than tacrine, a well-known acridine derivative used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Challenges With Manual-Based Multimodal Psychotherapy for People With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tonga Johanne Bjoernstad , Karlsoeen Bente Brekne , Arnevik Espen Ajo , Werheid Katja , Korsnes Maria S. , Ulstein Ingun Dina
Published: September 2015

Earlier detection of dementia requires increased knowledge of how to help people in the early stages of dementia. However, few studies have focused on how psychotherapy should be adapted to improve the outcome of therapy for people with Alzheimer’s disease. The aims of the present study were to identify and to explore possible obstacles encountered during the use of manual-based psychotherapy for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. The study found that individual adaptations to the treatment manual were necessary, particularly the modification of memory aids in order to adapt them to patients’ functional level and previous experience with modern technology. In addition, caregivers were essential for both treatment and homework completion, while reduced awareness constituted an obstacle for adherence to the manual.
The Development and Initial Validation of the Student Measure of Culturally Responsive Teaching
Authors: Dickson Ginger L. , Chun Heejung , Fernandez Ivelisse Torres
Published: September 2015

This article describes the development and initial validation of a measure of middle school students’ perspectives of culturally responsive teaching practices. The Student Measure of Culturally Responsive Teaching (SMCRT) was developed by modifying items on the Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy (CRTSE), which measures teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding their culturally responsive teaching practices. Data obtained from a sample of 748 seventh-grade students (63.9% Latino/as) were used to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses that yielded three factors: Diverse Teaching Practice, Cultural Engagement, and Diverse Language Affirmation. The three-factor model was compared with two competing models, yielding a second-order factor model as the final model. Initial validity of the SMCRT was demonstrated through tests of measurement invariance across subgroups of gender, immigrants, and Latino/as versus non-Latino/as and correlational analyses with SMCRT, teacher support, and school belonging. Internal consistency was also tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Results of the data analyses suggest that SMCRT is a psychometrically sound measure of seventh-grade students’ perceptions of their teachers’ culturally responsive teaching practices.
Between Risk and Resistance
Authors: van Eijk Gwen
Published: September 2015

Gender socialization is a key factor in explaining gender differences in managing fear of crime and risks in public space. By emphasizing the continuing role of traditional norms that underline women’s vulnerability and prescribe safekeeping, previous studies have ignored the role of increasing gender equality, alternative norms that prescribe women’s independence and strength, and resistance to traditional norms. Based on in-depth interviews with 28 couples, this article explores women’s ambivalence and resistance toward traditional norms, how talk and practice reflect mixed messages on how to “properly” do gender, and aligning as well as conflicting views and roles within couples.
Structure design and kinematics simulation of a novel arm-type single stereo parking lot
Authors: Chu Dongliang , He Qing , Zhang Daqing , Mao Xinhua
Published: September 2015

Space-saving, high-density stereo parking lots have gained considerable attention because of emerging limitations in ground and underground space. In this article, a novel arm-type single stereo parking lot is proposed to realize convenience and environmental friendliness. Many technical difficulties should be resolved before the safety performance of the stereo parking lot can be enhanced. Therefore, the structural characteristics, the load state and the motion situation should be analysed by numerical simulation to develop a reasonable design scheme. Finite element analysis was conducted on the steel tray platform, and kinematic analysis was performed on the end of novel arm-type single stereo parking lot. As a result, the position, velocity and acceleration curves as well as the maximum workspace were demonstrated by simulation in Pro/E. The simulation results demonstrate the correctness and accuracy of the stereo parking lot under motion mode feasible in residential areas and agency units and that the proposed parking lot can become popular in practice because of characteristics such as simplicity, convenience, easy development and promotion.
Analysis of heat exchanger network for temperature fluctuation
Authors: Zunlong Jin , Wang Dingbiao , Wei Xinli , Wang Yongqing
Published: September 2015

Subject to temperature disturbance, exchangers in heat exchanger network will interact. It is necessary to evaluate the degree of temperature fluctuation in the network. There is inherently linear relationship between output and inlet temperatures of heat exchanger network. Based on this, the concept of temperature-change sensitivity coefficient was put forward. Quantitative influence of temperature fluctuation in the network was carried out in order to examine transmission character of temperature fluctuation in the system. And the information was obtained for improving the design quality of heat exchanger network. Favorable results were obtained by the introduced method compared with the experimental results. These results will assist engineers to distinguish primary and secondary influencing factors, which can be used in observing and controlling influencing factors accurately.
Co-utilization of two coal mine residues
Authors: Chen Yanrong , Li Haojie , Yang Zhongqing , Fan Hu
Published: September 2015

In this study, the experiments were carried out in a circulating fluidized bed with different coal bed methane and coal gangue mixing ratios. The results show that bed temperature distribution becomes well-proportioned and the combustion efficiency increases when coal bed methane was introduced. The NO emission increases along with the excess air coefficient rise. The SO2 emission reduces first and then increases with the rising bed temperature and there is an optimum temperature corresponding to the lowest SO2 emission. At the same time, the effects of the bed temperature and excess air coefficient on pollutant emissions are more obvious when coal bed methane and coal gangue mixing ratio is less than 0.3. In the experiments, the best operation conditions have been found at coal bed methane and coal gangue mixing ratio of 0.2 and excess air coefficient of less than 1.3. The results show that the co-combustion of coal bed methane and coal gangue in circulating fluidized bed is feasible and provides some references for the combustion optimization.
How should fracking research be funded?
Authors: Davies Richard J , Herringshaw Liam G
Published: September 2015

The use of hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) to extract oil or gas from shales is a subject of controversy. There are many scientific questions about the risks associated with the technique, and much research remains to be done. ReFINE (Researching Fracking In Europe) is a research consortium led by Newcastle University and Durham University in the UK, focusing on the environmental impacts of shale gas and oil exploitation using fracking methods. The project was established to answer questions raised by members of the public across Europe on the risks of fracking. It aims to inform the debate surrounding fracking by undertaking scientific research, which will be peer-reviewed and openly accessible. This case study discusses the structure of ReFINE and the issues associated with using funding from oil and gas companies to support the research.
Remembering war, remaining Soviet: Digital commemoration of World War II in Putin’s Russia
Authors: Bernstein Seth
Published: September 2015

World War II held and retains a unique place in Soviet and post-Soviet historical memory. Scholars have generally studied the legacy of the war from the perspective of political and cultural elites. This article uses Russian digital commemoration to assess contemporary memory of World War II from a social perspective. A macroanalysis of I Remember, an interview and social networking site, and Pomnite Nas!, a site with user-contributed listings of war monuments, shows how popular memory of the war reiterates and updates Soviet historical narratives. Supported but not initiated by Vladimir Putin’s government, these sites show how state and society are interacting in Russia to produce and reproduce memory of the war. The article contributes both to methodological discussion of the internet as a source for memory studies and the fate of the Second World War in Russia.
A biomechanical study of the effects of simulated ulnar deviation on silicone finger joint implant failure
Authors: Drayton P. , Morgan B. W. , Davies M. C. , Giddins G. E. B. , Miles A. W.
Published: September 2015

Silicone finger arthroplasties are used widely, especially for metacarpophalangeal joint replacement in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Implant failure is well recognized. The rates of failure in vivo differ substantially from experience in vivo. One cause of failure is felt to be post-operative ulnar deviation. The aim of our study was to test the effect of ulnar deviation testing on silicone finger implants. We tested 12 implants in three groups of four implants. The implants were submerged in a bath of Ringer’s solution at 370 °C throughout the experiment and tested in a rig held in 0°, 10° and 20° deviation. The rig was cycled at 1.5 Hz from 0°–90°. The implants were inspected every 500,000 cycles until a total of 4 million cycles. There was consistently increased wear and supination plastic deformity in going from 0°–20° deviation. This study confirms the adverse effects of ulnar deviation on silicone finger implant wear. It is likely that this combines with lateral pinch forces and sharp bone edges to cause catastrophic silicone implant failure.

Level of evidence: III
Nicotinamide: a vitamin able to shift macrophage differentiation toward macrophages with restricted inflammatory features
Authors: Weiss Ronald , Schilling Erik , Grahnert Anja , Kölling Valeen , Dorow Juliane , Ceglarek Uta , Sack Ulrich , Hauschildt Sunna
Published: September 2015

The differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages is influenced by environmental signals. Here we asked in how far nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivative known to play a major role in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-mediated signaling events, is able to modulate monocyte differentiation into macrophages developed in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-MØ) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-MØ). We found that GM-MØ undergo biochemical, morphological and functional modifications in response to NAM, whereas M-MØ were hardly affected. GM-MØ exposed to NAM acquired an M-MØ-like structure while the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX-derived eicosanoids were down-regulated. In contrast, NAM had no effect on the production of IL-10 or the cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids. Administration of NAM enhanced intracellular NAD concentrations; however, it did not prevent the LPS-mediated drain on NAD pools. In search of intracellular molecular targets of NAM known to be involved in LPS-induced cytokine and eicosanoid synthesis, we found NF-κB activity to be diminished. In conclusion, our data show that vitamin B3, when present during the differentiation of monocytes into GM-MØ, interferes with biochemical pathways resulting in strongly reduced pro-inflammatory features.
How Can Chaos Theory Help Us toward the Emergence of a New Civilization?
Authors: Marion Bruno
Published: September 2015

The human world as a system has become chaotic due to rapid population growth and ever-increasing connectivity among people. This has led to a number of systemic crises such as the ecological, financial, and societal crises. Conventional wisdom and Newtonian approaches to these problems are inadequate for understanding the new chaotic world. It is imperative that we develop a new theoretical approach to better decipher today’s reality. Chaos theory indicates that human civilization may either be on the brink of a huge collapse or the formation of a whole new civilization. This article aims to explore why the world became chaotic and how we can contribute to either a “clash of civilizations” or, instead, the “shock of a new civilization.” The findings can contribute to understanding and action to promote the emergence of a new, more complex and more harmonious civilization.
Text to sex: The impact of cell phones on hooking up and sexuality on campus
Authors: Goluboff Sascha L.
Published: September 2015

By centering attention on how students feel after casual sex, studies of the college social scene miss an extremely important phenomenon—namely, how hookups get started. This article argues that it is in the negotiation of contact during hookups that college students creatively navigate their sexual identity. Using a mixed methodology, this research reveals that the cell phone, as both an object of communication and consumption, is essential to the formation of self, and, as such, it provides the means by which men and women can play with gender boundaries. And yet, the male dominated fraternity system at college restricts the ability of women to realize full agency within the hookup scene.
Patterns of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in South India
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Dharmalingam , Udhaya Visvanathan , Iqbal Hussain Syed , Umaarasu Thirunavukarasu
Published: September 2015

Background:

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved the quality of life among HIV-infected people in India, the emergence of drug resistance along with the limited access and affordability to routine monitoring continues to be a challenge worldwide.

Methods:

The frequency and patterns of HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations among the first-line failing HIV-infected patients attending a hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, were genotypically analyzed using the online Stanford HIV Database.

Results:

Of the study patients followed up for 6 months, 23 patients failed first-line therapy and the mutation of I135R/T/V/X, L178 I/M, M184V/I, D67N, K70R, and K103N was most common. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of these patients belonged to HIV subtype C.

Conclusion:

The study documents the frequency of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations that are prevalent in the first-line failing HIV-infected patients of South Indian region and adds up to the data for developing future algorithms to study the drug-resistance mutations of HIV subtype C. Thus, the results of the study call for the need for rational approach for selecting and for frequent viral monitoring to be performed to detect failure, followed by genotyping.
Pathogenesis of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in College Soccer Players
Authors: Fujitaka Kohei , Taniguchi Akira , Isomoto Shinji , Kumai Tsukasa , Otuki Shingo , Okubo Mamoru , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: September 2015

Background:

The pathogenesis of fifth metatarsal stress fractures remains uncertain.

Hypothesis:

Physical characteristics and environmental factors, which have received limited attention in the literature thus far, might be involved in the development of fifth metatarsal stress fractures.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

To test the study hypothesis, a medical examination and survey of the living environment of collegiate soccer players was conducted and correlated with the existence of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. The survey and measurements were conducted in 273 male athletes from the same college soccer team between 2005 and 2013. A medical examination comprising assessment of stature, body weight, body mass index, foot–arch height ratio, toe-grip strength, quadriceps angle, leg-heel angle, functional reach test, single-leg standing time with eyes closed, straight-leg raise angle, finger-floor distance, heel-buttock distance, ankle joint range of motion, and a general joint laxity test were performed once a year, along with a questionnaire survey. The survey was also repeated when a fifth metatarsal stress fracture was diagnosed. The study participants were separated into a fifth metatarsal stress fracture injury group and a noninjury group. The measurement items and survey items were compared, and the association between the factors and the presence or absence of injuries was analyzed.

Results:

Toe-grip strength was significantly weaker in the injury group compared with the noninjury group, suggesting that weak toe-grip is associated with fifth metatarsal stress fracture ( P < .05). In addition, fifth metatarsal stress fractures were more common in the nondominant leg ( P < .05). Between-group comparisons of the other items showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:

The association between weak toe-grip strength and fifth metatarsal fracture suggests that weak toe-grip may lead to an increase in the load applied onto the lateral side of the foot, resulting in stress fracture. The finding of stress fracture being more common in the nondominant leg needs further study.
Hematopoietic stem cells develop in the absence of endothelial cadherin 5 expression
Authors: Anderson Heidi , Patch Taylor C. , Reddy Pavankumar N. G. , Hagedorn Elliott J. , Kim Peter G. , Soltis Kathleen A. , Chen Michael J. , Tamplin Owen J. , Frye Maike , MacLean Glenn A. , Hübner Kathleen , Bauer Daniel E. , Kanki John P. , Vogin Guillaume , Huston Nicholas C. , Nguyen Minh , Fujiwara Yuko , Paw Barry H. , Vestweber Dietmar , Zon Leonard I. , Orkin Stuart H. , Daley George Q. , Shah Dhvanit I.
Published: September 2015

Key Points

HSCs emerge, engraft, and differentiate in the absence of cdh5. HSCs emerging from Cdh5−/−GFP+/+ endothelium of mouse chimeric embryos are functional.
A crayfish molar tooth protein with putative mineralized exoskeletal chitinous matrix c properties
Authors: Tynyakov Jenny , Bentov Shmuel , Abehsera Shai , Yehezkel Galit , Roth Ziv , Khalaila Isam , Weil Simy , Berman Amir , Plaschkes Inbar , Tom Moshe , Aflalo Eliahu D. , Sagi Amir
Published: September 2015

Some crustaceans possess exoskeletons that are reinforced with calcium carbonate. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, the molar tooth, which is part of the mandibular exoskeleton, contains an unusual crystalline enamel-like apatite layer. As this layer resembles vertebrate enamel in composition and function, it offers an interesting example of convergent evolution. Unlike other parts of the crayfish exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and regenerated during the molt cycle, molar mineral deposition takes place during the pre-molt stage. The molar mineral composition transforms continuously from fluorapatite through amorphous calcium phosphate to amorphous calcium carbonate and is mounted on chitin. The process of crayfish molar formation is entirely extracellularand presumably controlled by proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight molecules and calcium salts. We have identified a novel molar protein termed Cq-M15 from C. quadricarinatus and cloned its transcript from the molar-forming epithelium. Its transcript and differential expression were confirmed by a next generation sequencing library. The predicted acidic pI of Cq-M15 suggests its possible involvement in mineral arrangement. Cq-M15 is expressed in several exoskeletal tissues at pre-molt and its silencing is lethal. Like other arthropod cuticular proteins, Cq-M15 possesses a chitin-binding Rebers-Riddiford domain, with a recombinant version of the protein found to bind chitin. Cq-M15 was also found to interact with calcium ions in a concentration dependent manner. This latter property might make Cq-M15 useful for bone and dental regenerative efforts. We suggest that, in molar, this protein might be involved in calcium phosphate and/or carbonate precipitation.
Differences in the escape response of a grapsid crab in the field and in the laboratory
Authors: Hemmi Jan M. , Tomsic Daniel
Published: September 2015

Escape behaviours of prey animals are frequently used to study the neural control of behaviour. Escape responses are robust, fast, and can be reliably evoked under both field and laboratory conditions. Many escape responses are not as simple as previously suggested, however, and are often modulated by a range of contextual factors. To date it has been unclear to what extent behaviours studied in controlled laboratory experiments are actually representative of the behaviours that occur under more natural conditions. Here we have used the model species, Neohelice granulata, a grapsid crab, to show that there are significant differences between the crabs' escape responses in the field compared to those previously documented in laboratory experiments. These differences are consistent with contextual adjustments such as the availability of a refuge and have clear consequences for understanding the crabs' neural control of behaviour. Furthermore, the methodology used in this study mirrors the methodology previously used in fiddler crab research, allowing us to show that the previously documented differences in escape responses between these grapsid species are real and substantial. Neohelice's responses are delayed and more controlled. Overall, the results highlight the adaptability and flexibility of escape behaviours and provide further evidence that the neural control of behaviour needs to be address in both the laboratory and field context.
Biochemical analysis of hatchet self-cleaving ribozymes
Authors: Li Sanshu , Lünse Christina E. , Harris Kimberly A. , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: September 2015

Hatchet RNAs are members of a novel self-cleaving ribozyme class that was recently discovered by using a bioinformatics search strategy. The consensus sequence and secondary structure of this class includes 13 highly conserved and numerous other modestly conserved nucleotides interspersed among bulges linking four base-paired substructures. A representative hatchet ribozyme from a metagenomic source requires divalent ions such as Mg2+ to promote RNA strand scission with a maximum rate constant of ∼4 min−1. As with all other small self-cleaving ribozymes discovered to date, hatchet ribozymes employ a general mechanism for catalysis involving the nucleophilic attack of a ribose 2′-oxygen atom on an adjacent phosphorus center. Kinetic characteristics of the reaction demonstrate that members of this ribozyme class have an essential requirement for divalent metal ions and that they might have a complex active site that employs multiple catalytic strategies to accelerate RNA cleavage by internal phosphoester transfer.
Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and SDSdegrading Klebsiella oxytoca strain Aft-7 and its bioremediation application in the environment
Authors: MASDOR NORAZLINA , SHUKOR MOHD SHUKRI ABD , KHAN AFTAB , BINMOHD HALMI MOHD IZUAN EFFENDI , ABDULLAH SITI ROZAIMAH SHEIKH , SHAMAAN NOR ARIPIN , SHUKOR MOHD YUNUS
Published: September 2015

Masdor N, Shukor MSA, Khan A, Halmi MIE, Abdullah SRS, Shamaan NA, Shukor MY. 2015. Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Biodiversitas 16: 238-246.Pollution as a result of anthropogenic activities is a severe global issue. These activities including inappropriate disposal, industrialand prospecting activities and unnecessary use of agricultural chemicals have triggered international initiatives to eliminate thesecontaminants. In this work we screen the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from contaminated soil to grow andreduce molybdenum on various detergents. The bacterium was able to grow on SDS as a carbon source although the compound did notsupport molybdenum reduction. The bacterium reduces molybdate to Mo-blue optimally between pH 5.8 and 6.3 and between 25 and34oC. Glucose was the best electron donor for supporting molybdate reduction followed by sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, lactose,salicin, trehalose, maltose and myo-Inositol in descending order. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration between 5.0 and7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration between 5 and 20 mM. The absorption spectrum of the Mo-blue produced was similar toprevious Mo-reducing bacterium, and closely resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by mercury(ii), silver (i) and copper (ii) at 2 ppm by 62.1, 33.9 and 33.6%, respectively. Biochemical analysis resulted in a tentative identificationof the bacterium as Klebsiella oxytoca strain Aft-7. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify molybdenum and degrade detergent makesthis bacterium an important tool for bioremediation.
Assessment of genetic diversity among soursop (Annona muricata) populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers
Authors: SURATMAN SURATMAN , PITOYO ARI , MULYANI SRI , SURANTO SURANTO
Published: September 2015

Suratman, Ari Pitoyo, Sri Mulyani, Suranto. 2015. Assessment of genetic diversity among soursop (Annona muricata)populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 16: 247-253. The objective of this study was to determine geneticdiversity of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) populations from Java (Indonesia) using RAPD markers. A total of 70 individuals werecollected from 7 soursop populations, distributed along the geographical range of natural distribution in Java. Genetic diversity wasestimated by RAPD technique using 6 arbitrary selected primers. Those primers produced 151 polymorphic bands with the percentageof polymorphism for each primer ranged from 95% to 100%. The genetic diversity value (h) within each population ranged from 0.0418to 0.0525. The highest h value (0.0525) was found in the KRA population whereas the lowest h value was observed in the PCTpopulation. The highest genetic distance value (0.0410) was observed in SKH-GKD populations pair whereas the lowest geneticdistance value (0.02448) was estimated in KRA-PCT populations pair. Based on the dendogram, the seven soursop populations weresegregated into three major clusters. The first cluster consisted of SKH, KRA, PCT, NGW, and KPG populations. The GKD populationwas then grouped into second cluster. In the third cluster, the BGR population was grouped separately and more genetically distant thanthe others. However, the relationship dendrogram showed that the grouping did not always indicate the geographical origins similarity,but possibly showed the genetic similarity.
Clarks ‘star’ advertisements of the 1940s: Classificatory terms and practices of historical interpretation
Authors: McDowell Felice
Published: September 2015

In a number of studies that look at the cultural history of post-war Britain, class is referred to and used as a concept and a theoretical model of analysis. This article discusses aspects of the interdependent relationship between class, consumption, film and fashion in its analysis of a Clarks shoes advertising campaign from the 1940s, which featured an array of contemporary and mostly British actresses of both screen and stage. Unpacking how these elements work together in a network of meanings and values, this article suggests that the ways in which these various actresses are grouped together and represented in the branding of Clarks shoes is a process and practice of classification. Here, amongst other things, the actresses are defined by their ‘work’ and ‘labour’. By questioning how these elements also work to classify and categorize the actresses, this article invites alternative ways to think about and employ the concept of ‘class’ in practices of historical interpretation.
Developing Extracellular Matrix Technology to Treat Retinal or Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Ren Tanchen , van der Merwe Yolandi , Steketee Michael B.
Published: September 2015

Adult mammalian CNS neurons often degenerate after injury, leading to lost neurologic functions. In the visual system, retinal or optic nerve injury often leads to retinal ganglion cell axon degeneration and irreversible vision loss. CNS axon degeneration is increasingly linked to the innate immune response to injury, which leads to tissue-destructive inflammation and scarring. Extracellular matrix (ECM) technology can reduce inflammation, while increasing functional tissue remodeling, over scarring, in various tissues and organs, including the peripheral nervous system. However, applying ECM technology to CNS injuries has been limited and virtually unstudied in the visual system. Here we discuss advances in deriving fetal CNS-specific ECMs, like fetal porcine brain, retina, and optic nerve, and fetal non-CNS-specific ECMs, like fetal urinary bladder, and the potential for using tissue-specific ECMs to treat retinal or optic nerve injuries in two platforms. The first platform is an ECM hydrogel that can be administered as a retrobulbar, periocular, or even intraocular injection. The second platform is an ECM hydrogel and polymer “biohybrid” sheet that can be readily shaped and wrapped around a nerve. Both platforms can be tuned mechanically and biochemically to deliver factors like neurotrophins, immunotherapeutics, or stem cells. Since clinical CNS therapies often use general anti-inflammatory agents, which can reduce tissue-destructive inflammation but also suppress tissue-reparative immune system functions, tissue-specific, ECM-based devices may fill an important need by providing naturally derived, biocompatible, and highly translatable platforms that can modulate the innate immune response to promote a positive functional outcome.
Identification of the Bile Acid Transporter Slco1a6 as a Candidate Gene That Broadly Affects Gene Expression in Mouse Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Tian Jianan , Keller Mark P , Oler Angie T , Rabaglia Mary E , Schueler Kathryn L , Stapleton Donald S , Broman Aimee Teo , Zhao Wen , Kendziorski Christina , Yandell Brian S , Hagenbuch Bruno , Broman Karl W , Attie Alan D
Published: September 2015

We surveyed gene expression in six tissues in an F2 intercross between mouse strains C57BL/6J (abbreviated B6) and BTBR T+tf/J (abbreviated BTBR) made genetically obese with the Leptinob mutation. We identified a number of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) affecting the expression of numerous genes distal to the locus, called trans-eQTL hotspots. Some of these trans-eQTL hotspots showed effects in multiple tissues, whereas some were specific to a single tissue. An unusually large number of transcripts (∼8% of genes) mapped in trans to a hotspot on chromosome 6, specifically in pancreatic islets. By considering the first two principal components of the expression of genes mapping to this region, we were able to convert the multivariate phenotype into a simple Mendelian trait. Fine mapping the locus by traditional methods reduced the QTL interval to a 298-kb region containing only three genes, including Slco1a6, one member of a large family of organic anion transporters. Direct genomic sequencing of all Slco1a6 exons identified a nonsynonymous coding SNP that converts a highly conserved proline residue at amino acid position 564 to serine. Molecular modeling suggests that Pro564 faces an aqueous pore within this 12-transmembrane domain-spanning protein. When transiently overexpressed in HEK293 cells, BTBR organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A6-mediated cellular uptake of the bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) was enhanced compared to B6 OATP1A6. Our results suggest that genetic variation in Slco1a6 leads to altered transport of TCA (and potentially other bile acids) by pancreatic islets, resulting in broad gene regulation.
The Genomic Impacts of Drift and Selection for Hybrid Performance in Maize
Authors: Gerke Justin P , Edwards Jode W , Guill Katherine E , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , McMullen Michael D
Published: September 2015

Although maize is naturally an outcrossing organism, modern breeding utilizes highly inbred lines in controlled crosses to produce hybrids. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s reciprocal recurrent selection experiment between the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and the Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic No. 1 (BSCB1) populations represents one of the longest running experiments to understand the response to selection for hybrid performance. To investigate the genomic impact of this selection program, we genotyped the progenitor lines and >600 individuals across multiple cycles of selection using a genome-wide panel of ∼40,000 SNPs. We confirmed previous results showing a steady temporal decrease in genetic diversity within populations and a corresponding increase in differentiation between populations. Thanks to detailed historical information on experimental design, we were able to perform extensive simulations using founder haplotypes to replicate the experiment in the absence of selection. These simulations demonstrate that while most of the observed reduction in genetic diversity can be attributed to genetic drift, heterozygosity in each population has fallen more than expected. We then took advantage of our high-density genotype data to identify extensive regions of haplotype fixation and trace haplotype ancestry to single founder inbred lines. The vast majority of regions showing such evidence of selection differ between the two populations, providing evidence for the dominance model of heterosis. We discuss how this pattern is likely to occur during selection for hybrid performance and how it poses challenges for dissecting the impacts of modern breeding and selection on the maize genome.