bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analytical approach for optimal secured data storage on cloud server for online education platform
Authors: Pandian R. Soundhara Raja , Columbus Christopher
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular in the IT business because of its higher performance, widespread access, cheap cost, and other benefits. It is also a pay-as-you-go approach; hence, anyone can access cloud data from anywhere, and it is employed in education platforms for online classes due to its ease of use. However, many educational institutions hesitate to use the cloud educational platform due to security and privacy issues. Hence in this study, the performance analysis of various cryptographic algorithms such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Advanced encryption standard (AES), Two Fish, Blowfish, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (TDES) and role-based access control (RBAC) was analyzed and compared with each other in a view to ensuring the protection of cloud data storage used for educational purpose in the NPTEL database. Encryption time, decryption time, and retrieval time with different data sizes were used as performance evaluation factors to figure out the best End-To-End Encryption security in a network system. Moreover, an ElGamal SBO with Delta Competitive NN Cryptography has been proposed in which ElGamal Stag beetle optimization performs ElGamal encryption with the generation of an optimized key with low execution time, thereby allowing only authorized users to access the educational data in the cloud and the data transmission has been secured using Delta Competitive NN that minimizes vulnerable attacks while controlling the decryption activity. Results showed that the proposed ElGamal SBO with Delta Competitive NN Cryptography performs better than all other techniques in terms of retrieval time, encryption time, communication cost, computational overhead and decryption time and hence when applied in a security scenario, it can improve the encryption effectiveness.
Exploring the Use of Multi-source High-Resolution Satellite Data for Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction over Mountainous Catchments
Authors: Premier Valentina , Marin Carlo , Bertoldi Giacomo , Barella Riccardo , Notarnicola Claudia , Bruzzone Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Seasonal snow accumulation and release are so crucial for the hydrological cycle to the point that mountains have been claimed as the "water towers" of the world. A key variable in this sense is the snow water equivalent (SWE). However, the complex accumulation and snow redistribution processes render its quantification and prediction very challenging. In this work, we explore the use of multi-source data to reconstruct SWE at a high spatial resolution (HR) of 25 m by proposing a novel approach designed for mountainous catchments. To this purpose, we exploit i) daily HR time-series of snow cover area (SCA) derived by high- and low-resolution optical images to define the days of snow presence, ii) a degree-day model driven by in-situ temperature to determine the potential melting, and iii) in-situ snow depth and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to determine the state of the catchment (i.e., accumulation or ablation) that is needed to add or remove SWE to the reconstruction. Given the typical high spatial heterogeneity of snow in mountainous areas, HR data sample more adequately its distribution thus resulting in a highly detailed spatialized information that represents an important novelty. The proposed SWE reconstruction approach also foresees a novel SCA time-series regularization from impossible transitions. Moreover it reconstructs SWE for all the hydrological season without the need of spatialized precipitation information as input, that is usually affected by uncertainty. Despite the simple approach based on a set of empirical assumptions, it shows good performances when tested in two different catchments: the South Fork catchment, California, and the Schnals catchment, Italy, showing a good agreement with an average bias of -40 mm when evaluated against a HR spatialized reference product and of 38 mm when evaluated against manual measurements. The main sources of error introduced by each step of the method have been finally discussed to provide insights about the applicability and future improvements of the method that may be of great interest for several hydrological and ecological applications.
In the Name of Freedom
Authors: Nick I. M.
Published: August 2022

The ubiquitous image of the sprawling 19th century Southern plantation has meant that much of the research on US slave names has focused on regions below the mid-Atlantic (Desrochers 2002). The resulting lack of attention that has been given to other times and spaces has necessarily limited our collective understanding of slave naming patterns. The purpose of the current investigation is to help address this geo-temporal oversight. With that goal in mind, the present empirical study explores the naming patterns of fugitive slaves as advertised in newspapers published in New York and New Jersey between 1730 and 1790. Using the techniques of corpus linguistics, this investigation analyzed 147 runaway slave advertisements featuring 150 slave names. These onomastic exemplars comprised four name-types: first names, surnames, nicknames, and aliases. Onomastic patterns were identified using descriptive statistics as well chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Special attention was paid to exploring the relationship between the runaways’ names and their reported age, gender, and racial classification. After a brief introduction to slavery in the New England colonies, this study presents the empirical results and compares them with previous findings on US slave names. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations and argues for more corpus-based research into slave names.
Book Review
Authors: Nick I. M.
Published: August 2022

Charles Darwin’s Barnacle and David Bowie’s Spider: How Scientific Names Celebrate Adventurers, Heroes, and Even a Few Scoundrels. By Stephen B. Heard. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2020. Pp. 254. ISBN-13: 978-0-300-23828-0. $28.00.
Book Review
Authors: Johnson Beth DiNatale
Published: August 2022

The Real McCoy and 149 Other Eponyms. By CLAIRE COCK-STARKEY. Oxford: The Bodleian Library. 2018. Pp. 131. ISBN-13: 978-1-85124-498-0. $17.50.
Narrative nudges to peace in protracted conflict: karabakh conflict as a case study
Authors:   Baku State University, Azerbaijan, Gadirova Rena , Garagozov Rauf ,   International Center of Sociological Research, Azerbaijan
Published: August 2022

Recent research in narrative psychology provides insights into the dynamics of collective memories and group identities and how they are exploited by populist and nationalist forces for instigating intergroup conflict. In particular, narrative approach to conflict is important in this regard. In one key way, this approach considers conflicts as competing stories and conflict resolution as narrative transformation and the creation of a common (shared) narrative. In this regard, two questions are of particular concern: 1) What kinds of narratives are conducive to reconciliation between adversaries? 2) Which strategies for dealing with narratives found in intergroup conflicts are effective? As a way of addressing these questions we have developed a theoretical model of narrative intervention which was empirically examined at the context of conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno Karabakh. These studies over the two decades have used different perspectives that enable us to identify “common suffering” type of narrative as a way of eliciting positive implicit attitudes and empathy among the conflicting parties. The research has also identified two psychological constructs - “painful collective memory” and “competitive victimhood”, which are often employed by political forces who are not interested in peace and reconciliation in the region.
Prevention of adaptive-defensive reactions in the student relationship process
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Furdui Emilia
Published: August 2022

In this article, some characteristics of the types of psychological blockages in communication/ relationship with students are elucidated. Against the background of the analysis of the educational, psychosocial experiences on the relational dimension of the students from the general education institutions, a series of preventive measures were adjusted at the level of the psychological factors that condition the appearance of the nominated phenomenon.
The role of differentiation strategy and organizational citizenship behavior in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on the performance of private high schools
Authors: Warman Defi , Budiyanto Budiyanto , Agustedi Agustedi
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model of the role of differentiation strategy and organizational citizenship behavior in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on the performance of private high schools in Pekanbaru. The sample was 140 principals and vice-principals of private high schools in Pekanbaru. The data obtained were processed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The findings in this study are that transformational leadership has a positive effect on the performance of private high schools in Pekanbaru, differentiation strategy and organizational citizenship behavior mediate the effect of transformational leadership on the performance of private high schools in Pekanbaru. The most effective pathway to affect the performance of private high schools is the mediating pathway of organizational citizenship behavior on the effect of transformational leadership on the performance of private high schools.
Dissolution of companies and partnerships: causes and effects in accordance with the legal environment in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Adosari Bader Nasser
Published: August 2022

The term dissolution of the company refers to the expiration of the legal relationship between the partners, in different words the dissolution of the moral character of the company. Basically, commercial companies are established for the purpose of achieving the objective and the profits which are impossible for each partner to achieve alone, so partners work hardly to keep this company standing and ongoing practicing its commercial activities.in this paper focuses on the most prominent reasons for the expiry of commercial companies, whether partnerships or corporations, whether by the expiration of the definite-period of the company on the Saudi System for Companies. Also each company represents a person with a moral character who is entitled to legal capacity which enables it to acquire the rights and bear the liabilities the same as the natural person. The company is entitled to practice its activities with the assigned purposes of establishment and to conclude all legal acts including selling, purchasing, renting, leasing and whatsoever. Gaining the moral character capacity makes the company entitled to be plaintiff or defendant in case of disputes with other parties. Thus, in this scientific paper shall discuss the independent reasons which are entitled by the companies in its capacity as moral persons, moreover it can go beyond to other factors as well as being dependent by liability against other companies liabilities, and having a deputy to represent this company. It is also entitled to have the nationality of the country where its management office is located.
An integrated approach of VIKOR and teaching learning based optimization algorithm for milling machinability computations
Authors: Kesarwani Shivi , Verma Rajesh Kumar , Dave Harshit K.
Published: August 2022

The significance of producing Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) reinforced polymer composites are increasing in manufacturing trades due to their exceptional performances. CNM modified composites are primarily employed in structural component needs due to expanded physicomechanical properties. This paper highlights a coherent approach of the VIšekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje(VIKOR) and Teaching learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) to evaluatethe Milling efficiency. The machining was performed for the Milling process of0-D carbon nano onion (CNO) reinforced polymer (Epoxy) composite at four different levels of Box Behnken Design (BBD). The Milling performances such as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface roughness (SR) were optimized to enhance product quality and productivity. The control of varying process constraints, viz. Weight % of CNO filler content(A), cutting speed (B), feed rate (C) and depth of cut (D), was used to optimize the machining response. The conflicting response is aggregated through the VIKOR method to develop the fitness function for an algorithm. The process constraints play a significant role in influencing the cost and productivity ofthe machined components. The objective function derived from VIKOR was supplied as input into the TLBO algorithm. The results demonstrated that the spindlespeed, feed rate, and weight % of CNO filler are the most contributing factors for machining indices. Also, the hybrid VIKOR-TLBO module shows a lower error percentage than the conventional VIKOR method. The microstructural investigation of the machined surface reveals the feasibility of the proposed hybrid module in a production environment.
Evaluación Silvícola de Bosques seminaturales de Roble y Pino Oregón
Authors: Müller-Using Sabine , Müller-Using Burkhard , Petersen Regina
Published: August 2022

Se efectuó un estudio sobre la compatibilidad silvícola de las especies Nothofagus obliqua (roble) y Pseudotsuga menziesii (pino oregón) en bosques mixtos de dos estratos, específicamente rodales de roble que en estado de latizal y fustal fueron enriquecidos con pino oregon. Para ello se midieron las condiciones de luminosidad en el estrato inferior de pino oregón de 5-8 años de edad en 3 fustales de distinta densidad y se relacionó la luz relativa expresado como ISF (Indirect Site Factor) con parámetros de crecimiento en ambos estratos. Dependiendo de las condiciones de luz el incremento en altura anual observado fue de 51 y 108 cm año-1. Adicionalmente se analizó el crecimiento en un rodal, donde el pino oregón ya tenía 26 años. En este caso la altura total los árboles de pino oregón estaban todavía lejos de la altura del estrato de los robles por lo que no ha habido peligro de competencia entre copas de las dos especies ni se proyecta que haya dentro de los próximos 20 años. Sin embargo en área basal a nivel de rodal, pino oregón ya ha superado a roble, lo que pudiera indicar la existencia de competencia por agua y/o nutrientes entre las especies. Esta se podría reducir a través de un raleo fuerte el estrato del pino oregón. El seguimiento en el manejo de esta mezcla, incluyendo la corta final, debe basarse en un analisis económico aún pendiente.
Antecedentes de abastecimiento de biomasa con fines energéticos, el caso del pellet en Chile
Authors: Pinilla Juan Carlos , Luengo Vergara Karina , Navarrete Torres Mauricio , Navarrete Ulloa Felipe
Published: August 2022

En Chile la producción, demanda y consumo del pellet presenta un permanente crecimiento, utilizando en este proceso subproductos derivados principalmente de la industria del aserrío y remanufactura de pino radiata. El crecimiento de la industria del pellet se deriva de problemas de contaminación ambiental atribuibles al mal uso de la leña, a programas de descontaminación, comodidad de su uso y por cambios culturales de los usuarios. En la producción de pellet, la calidad y cantidad de biomasa forestal es fundamental, permitiendo reducir emisiones de CO2 (mitigación) y con ello, garantizar el rendimiento y eficiencia. Una gran contrariedad de la industria del pellet es la incertidumbre respecto al abastecimiento de biomasa en cantidad y calidad adecuada, para responder a la demanda, por cuanto la variación en la actividad del aserrío afecta directamente a la disponibilidad de subproductos que son la materia prima para el pellet.
En apoyo al fortalecimiento de la industria del pellet en Chile, se presentan antecedentes respecto a disponibilidad y características de los subproductos que son potencialmente utilizables como materia prima, sus perspectivas, y opciones para suplir los mayores requerimientos de biomasa. Lo anterior con el objetivo de favorecer el desarrollo de las energías renovables y contribuir a la diversificación de la matriz energética, a partir de las potencialidades del territorio forestal del país. Se concluye que la estrecha relación entre la industria maderera y la productora de pellet, representa un escenario donde esta última actualmente tiene un límite que está dado por la oferta de biomasa de subproductos proveniente de la industria del aserrío.
Huertos melíferos con especies forestales nativas: Una alternativa para apoyar la Agricultura Familiar Campesina y la rehabilitación del bosque nativo degradado en Chile.
Authors: Molina Brand María , Soto Guevara Hernán , González Campos Jorge , Rojas Vergara Patricio , Koch Zúñiga Laura , Gutiérrez Caro Braulio , Ipinza Carmona Roberto , Chung Guin-Po Patricio
Published: August 2022

El equipo de Conservación y Mejoramiento Genético del Instituto Forestal de Chile (INFOR) está ejecutando un programa del Gobierno Regional del Biobío para aumentar la disponibilidad de flores melíferas para la apicultura, mediante el establecimiento de huertos melíferos con énfasis en especies forestales nativas. El programa también entrega herramientas tecnológicas a los apicultores para enfrentar fenómenos climáticos u otros que afecten la producción de la miel y sus derivados. El modelo de trabajo y el diseño de los huertos melíferos son aplicables a otras regiones geográficas del país involucrando diversas combinaciones de especies para mantener la oferta floral durante el año, y contribuyendo además a la restauración y conectividad biológica de la flora nativa chilena. Se presentan las bases del programa y los avances a 5 años de su puesta en marcha.
Coherencia curricular: profesores que viven el currículo
Authors: Vera-Monroy Sulma Paola , Gamboa Mora Maria Cristina
Published: August 2022

Coherencia curricular: profesores que viven currículo es una obra que recoge la experiencia vivida en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de La Sabana, en donde los profesores y administrativos trabajaron en cooperación para alinear curricularmente el programa de Ingeniería Química; se presentan los aprendizajes y desafíos que vivieron los participantes hasta convertirse en gestores curriculares. La ruta trazada como viviendo currículo se validó mediante la réplica en un programa de educación a nivel de Maestría en Educación en la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, y se corroboró que se puede aplicar en otros escenarios formativos. El libro es una guía para profesores, administrativos, programas, facultades e instituciones que quieran alcanzar la coherencia curricular de manera práctica, con ejemplos claros de cada uno de los elementos curriculares que se deben articular para alinear un programa académico.
Annexation Stability and Financial Markets
Authors: Khederlarian Kristina
Published: August 2022

Throughout the course of history, annexation has littered the international scene as major powers exert their force in the takeover of smaller lands. Sometimes these takeovers are violent and others are not, but what we undoubtably see is that annexation will be successful if economic indicators rise, post-acquisition. We will focus our attention to three prominent cases of annexation by major powers: Crimea, Kashmir and Hong Kong. We will briefly examine what our study suggests for Ukraine and Taiwan. Our first aim will be to arrive at a developed scenario analysis that identifies actions taken by governments to harmonize territorial integrity. The second aim is to identify the consequences of annexation from a financial pers. Results of this study suggest that financial conditions within the contested areas are an indicator of political stability and successful annexation. Regardless of external pressure from the international community, successful annexation can be achieved. Findings indicate that as overall GDPPC rises and property values rise, the contested area has support from local constituencies for annexation by the major power.
Efecto del tratamiento con aspersión de agua controlada por temperatura ambiental sobre la productividad y bienestar animal en cerdos de engorde
Authors: Silva-Riofrío Luis , Silva-Paredes Oscar , Lugo-Almarza María , Saquicela-Rojas Rodrigo , Fonseca-Restrepo Carolina , Angulo-Cubillán Francisco
Published: August 2022

Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del uso de aspersión de agua controlado por temperatura ambiental, sobre la productividad y bienestar animal en cerdos en fase de engorde, se desarrolló una investigación en una granja porcina comercial, ubicada en la provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. Se utilizaron 30 animales por tratamiento, los cuales recibieron el uso de aspersión regulado por temperatura ambiental y el grupo control, divididos equitativamente por sexo. Se evaluaron variables productivas (VP) y de bienestar animal (BA). Dentro de las VP se encuentran el peso final, ganancia de peso, ganancia diaria de peso, peso y rendimiento de la canal, y de BA, posición corporal, agresividad e interacción entre individuos y temperatura de la superficie dorsal del animal. Los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis de varianza-covarianza. El tratamiento mostró un efecto significativo (P<0,05) en la interacción peso de la canal y sexo, en las variables de posición, alimentación, interacción social y temperatura corporal dorsal; se observaron igualmente diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados. Las variables ganancia diaria de peso, rendimiento de la canal, peso final, consumo de agua, posición levantados y agresividad, no mostraron un efecto de la aspersión (P<0,05). El uso de aspersión de agua controlada por la temperatura ambiental es una estrategia favorable para mejorar VP y de BA en cerdos de engorde.
Note on the convergence of fractional conformable diffusion equation with linear source term
Authors: NGUYEN Tien
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the diffusion equation with conformable derivative. The main goal is to prove the convergence of the mild solution to our problem when the order of fractional Laplacian tends to $1^-$. The principal techniques of our paper is based on some useful evaluations for exponential kernels.
Short study of using ACE-V and GYRO for fingerprint examination and individualization
Authors: Matej Trapečar  , Patricija Jankovič  , Sašo Murtič
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a short study of fingerprint identification based on ACE-V method and use of GYRO system. In the field of criminalistics and forensics, fingerprint identification was in the past mainly carried out on a numerical standard. With the numerical standard an identification was possible given the finger mark and fingerprint had at least eight consistent morphological characteristics. Due to the need for a scientific approach to identification, the ACE-V method may be used. Donors intentionally placed fingerprints on glass surfaces and finger marks were recovered with fingerprint powder. Marks were examined in the AFIS system, followed by individualisation procedure using the ACE-V method and GYRO system. The study established and confirmed that fingerprint identification, using ACE-V method, has elements of more modern and scientific approach. The numerical standard for identification or individualization procedure for Slovenian fingerprint examiners shall be complemented by ACE-V procedure in GYRO system. Their expert opinions will be more detailed, extensive and with some scientific elements, which will be welcome to the courts.
新冠國族主義：疫情中臺灣職業棒球的媒體國族論述
Authors: 劉昌德 劉昌德
Published: August 2022

新冠肺炎於2020年爆發初期，臺灣管控相對得宜，中華職棒於4月以閉門比賽搶先全球開打，並於Twitter進行英語直播，吸引美日等地球迷關注。本研究探討2020年臺灣職棒於疫情中開打後，與象徵臺灣公衛的疫情控制成就互相結合，構成「新冠國族主義」。媒體國族論述將職棒賽事與防疫成就視為國族驕傲，藉由翻譯外電及外國球評推文，強調全世界「看見臺灣」。再者，「中職改名」論戰，反映了臺灣社會內部的國族認同之衝突。最後，疫情期間的國族論述複製全球化的世界體系，以美國與日本棒球作為標準。臺灣的新冠國族主義論述與其他國家的種族歧視與排外情緒有明顯差異，強調職棒與防疫作為國族之光，並作為全球危機中受到國際社會承認與接納的具體象徵。

 

Since Taiwan controlled well against the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in beginning of 2020, the Chinese Professional Baseball League in Taiwan (CPBL) was able to hold ball games without attendance in April and became the “only” professional baseball season in the world at that time. The CPBL launched live English-language broadcast on Twitter to attract sports fans from the U.S., Japan, and the rest of the world. This paper critically examined the “coronationalism” (the nationalist discourses during the outbreak) in Taiwan. First, Taiwanese professional baseball games, as well as the relative success in controlling the spread of coronavirus, were regarded as a national glory during the pandemic. Related news reports in foreign media and tweets from foreign baseball commentators were evidences that “the whole world was watching Taiwan.” Moreover, the debate of renaming the CPBL reflected the conflicting national identities within Taiwan society. Furthermore, the nationalist discourses duplicated the world system of baseball modeled after professional baseball leagues in the U.S. and in Japan. The nationalist discourses in Taiwan during the pandemic, which emphasized the CPBL games, the pandemic management as the national glory, and the world’s recognition of Taiwan, were distinctively different from racism and xenophobia observed in many other countries during this global public health crisis.

 
臺灣媒體運動複合體在新冠疫情下之變化歷程：以中華職棒為例
Authors: 許彥輝 許彥輝
Published: August 2022

2020年3至5月COVID-19造成運動賽事荒，媒體運動複合體、運動組織與廣告主之間連結關係轉弱，有價運動閱聽人重要性大幅提升。運動組織願意配合媒體運動複合體被動改變，目的一是維持有價運動閱聽人（或球迷），目的二是保有轉播權利金。媒體運動複合體大膽嘗試各式節目，以維持有價運動閱聽人收視慣習。研究更發現在疫情期間，有價運動閱聽人結構改變、影響力增強，維持有價運動閱聽人收視慣習，變成媒體運動複合體當下重點。中華職棒是當時疫情下唯一開打的職業體育組織，進而發展出英語轉播賽事，但其目標卻是宣傳品牌國際知名度而非增加海外有價閱聽人。Twitter的資料分析顯示英語轉播未獲得國外運動閱聽人青睞，這也是2021年中職不再進行英語轉播的主因。

 

Under COVID-19 from March to May 2020, the shortage of sports games weakened the links among media-sports complexes, sports organizations, and advertisers. The profitable audience thus became significantly more important. Sports organizations followed the changes initiated by media-sports complexes for two purposes. First, they want to maintain their profitable audience (or fans). Second, they want to continue earning broadcasting royalties. The media-sports complexes experimented boldly with a variety of programs to maintain the viewing habits of the profitable audience. The study also found that during the pandemic, there was a structural change in the profitable audience, and the audience became more influential. Thus, maintaining the viewing habits of the profitable audience became the current focus of media-sports complexes. Under the epidemic, CPBL was the only professional sports league in the world that was still running its regular season. In addition, CPBL even created its English-language broadcast. However, the goal of the English-language broadcast was to promote the international brand recognition rather than to attract more oversea viewers to become its profitable audience. Twitter data analysis showed that the English-language broadcast did not gain popularity among its foreign audience. This was the main reason why English broadcasting was discontinued in 2021.

 
新聞史論、時事評析與新聞教育：卓南生的傳播研究與實踐
Authors: 陽美燕 陽美燕 , 李傑瓊 李傑瓊 , 劉揚 劉揚
Published: August 2022

學者卓南生以新聞史研究和國際時評知名，歷任新加坡《星洲日報》社論委員與《聯合早報》東京特派員；而從上世紀80年代末在日本東京大學新聞研究所任教開始，投身中、日新聞教育三十餘年，迄今仍然以北京大學新聞學研究會為平臺，與青年學子保持對話。代表性著作為1990年、1998年、2002年及2015年出版的《中國近代報業發展史（1815-1874）》，與2010年、2020年出版的《東亞新聞事業論》等。本文從他幼年時期目睹南洋政治的經歷出發，並在日本與亞洲社會的變遷背景下，勾勒出卓南生在史論治學、時評寫作和新聞教育方面的思想觀點；而從中國報業的新聞發生史開始，經過長時期對日本社會、華文報業的親身經驗，及在時事評析與新聞教育中，發展出清晰穩固的亞洲視角，與論從史出的歷史是非觀。

 

Toh Lam Seng is a renowned scholar for his research on the history of journalism and a famous international affairs columnist. He worked as an editorial board member of Singapore’s Sin Chew Jit Poh and Lianhe Zaobao’s Tokyo correspondent. Starting from the late 1980s, when he began teaching at the Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies of the University of Tokyo late 1980s, Dr. Toh has been devoting himself in journalism education in China and Japan for more than 30 years. Currently, he still participates in the Institute of Journalism, Peking University and uses it as a platform to engage young scholars and students in dialogues. His representative works include The Beginnings of Modern Chinese Newspapers and their Development in the 19th Century (1815-1874) published in 1990, 1998, 2002, 2015, and East Asian Journalism published in 2010 and 2020. This study starts from Toh’s childhood experience, in which he witnessed the politics of Southeast Asia. Against the backdrop of social changes of Japan and other Asian societies, this study outlines Toh’s thoughts and views on historiography, column writing on international affairs, and journalism education. With his work on the history of the development of newspaper industry in China, his long years of personal experience of Japanese society and Chinese newspaper industry, and his career in international affairs column writing and Journalism education, he developed a clear and stable Asian perspective and an emphasis on historical evidence and critical analysis of history.

 
Introduction
Authors: Downey Dennis B.
Published: August 2022

Pennsylvania and the mid-Atlantic region have played a crucial role in the history and lived experience of individuals with a disability. From the colonial era to the present, disability as an individual and social phenomenon has strongly influenced a sense of self-identity, as well as public policy, medical science, public health, and popular attitudes toward the proverbial “other.” Disability Studies is an interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry that is wide-ranging, complex, and often contested. The very word “disability” has sparked a fierce debate about language, culture, and vernacular usage, but it should not distract historians from the crucial importance of research in the rich resources and archival collections now found in repositories throughout the Commonwealth and neighboring states. The challenge invites a more inclusive and complete narrative of Pennsylvania’s contribution to United States and global history.
“It Can Be Done Much Faster!”: The Transition from the Samuel G. Dixon State Hospital to the South Mountain Restoration Center
Authors: Yelinek Kathryn
Published: August 2022

The South Mountain Restoration Center currently is a Pennsylvania state-owned long-term care center, but it traces its beginnings to a small camp for consumptives in the early 1900s. From this camp, high atop a mountain in rural southcentral Pennsylvania, the Center transformed itself in the 1930s into a state-of-the art tuberculosis sanatorium. In the 1960s it reinvented itself as a geriatric center that stood at the forefront of the Commonwealth’s services for the aging. An examination of the pivotal years 1965–68, when the sanatorium gave way to the restoration center, will show how the state government’s rush to empty overcrowded state schools and hospitals led to the successful creation of the Center, even though its rural location meant it did not meet all of the state’s criteria. This article demonstrates the challenges the state experienced in transitioning the facility from one type to another.
Preserving Pennsylvania’s History of Disability Rights Advocacy: The Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance
Authors: Conroy James William , Downey Dennis B.
Published: August 2022

Sometimes a dark period of history must be preserved and publicized in order to avoid repeating the mistakes that led to a human tragedy, and this is the case with the notorious Pennhurst State School and Hospital. America endured a sad century and a half of segregating, isolating, overcrowding, and finally neglecting and abusing millions of its citizens with developmental disabilities. This must not be allowed to be hidden or forgotten, and Pennhurst is serving as an iconic symbol that is clear and simple for everyone to learn about and remember. During the past decade, one organization arose that is devoted to memory of the shameful treatment of citizens with disabilities: the Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance. The organization has utilized many methods of educate the public, and public officials, about the errors of past segregation and institutionalization.
Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Children below 5 Years of Age for Valuation of Rickets Caused by Nutritional Deficiency
Authors: Lala Gul E , Jabeen Nighat , Shaikh Saba Afzal , Shahzad Qamar Uz Zaman , Haq Hassan Ul , Chaudhry Abid Rafique
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the nutritional status of children under five-years of age, the factors related to it and the degree of malnutrition. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the department of Paediatrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for the duration of six months from July, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods: Using a non-probability-based convenient sampling technique, approximately 130 children under the age of five were selected. The nutritional status and physical development of children was assessed with simple anthropometric technique. A partially pre-tested organised survey form was given to collect the data by face-to-face interviews with the mothers of the children. SPSS version 22.0 was applied for data collection and to estimate percentages and numbers. Results: Of 130 children, 80(61.5%) were male and 50(38.5%) were female. According to the classification of Gómez's, 102 children had Malnutrition out of 130 children; 55 (42.3%) had grade I, and 24 (18.5%) had grade II and 23 (17.7%) had grade III malnutrition. Of 80 children, 32.3% had mild stunned growth, 16.9% moderate stunned growth, and 12.3% severe stunned growth. When status of immunization was calculated, 32 (24.6%) were nonimmunized, partially immunization was seen in 65 (50%) children and fully immunization in 33 (25.4%) cases. Of the 98 uneducated mothers, 60(63.2%) had malnourished children, 70(71.4%) had Kwashiorkor, and 28(28.6) had marasmus. Of 130 children, 90 were breastfed and children on bottle-fed were 40. Conclusions: The malnutrition rate was augmented among children <5 years of age (78.6%) due to inadequate eating habits. Accompanying influences were insufficient immunization and illiterate mothers. The education regarding health counting adequate weaning, exclusive breastfeeding, family planning and routine immunization via schedule of EPI should be encouraged. Keywords: Nutritional status, Child, Risk factors, Protein and Energy malnutrition.
Treatment of Recurrent Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint with the Injection of Autologous Blood in Superior Joint Space with and without Pericapsular Tissue: An Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar
Authors: Shah Aimen Mahmood , Khan Zakir Ullah , Shah Syeda Gulrukh Saba , Khan Zahid Sarfaraz , Hina Farkhanda , Zahid Hurraia , Din Kaleem Ud , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Background: Recurrent TMJ (temporomandibular joint) dislocation is a condition characterized by frequent dislocation events. Recurrent TMJ dislocation may be treated using a variety of techniques, including conservative therapy and surgical treatments. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of treatment of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint with injection of autologous blood in superior joint space with and without pericapsular tissue Methodology: The current study was prospective was carried out at the Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar for duration of one year from June 2021 to July 2022. The patients were categorized into group A and B, each having 50 patients. In group A patients the autologous blood was injected in superior joint space while in group B, autologous blood was injected in pericapsular tissue. The average reduction in mouth opening was recorded in both the groups. All the data analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In group A patients, a mean (±sd) decrease in mouth opening of 3.30 (0.77) mm was observed (p=0.001) while a mean (±sd) decrease in mouth opening of 4.56 (0.72) mm was observed in group B patients (p=0.001). Dislocation recurrence was observed in 4 (57.14%) patients in group A while in group B, dislocation recurrence was observed in 3 (42.86%) patients (p=0.001). Conclusion: Our study concludes that management of recurrent dislocation of TMJ with injection of autologous blood was safe, efficient, simple and economic procedure. Patients with recurrent TMJ dislocation should be encouraged to use autologous blood injection for their treatment. Keywords: Recurrent; Temporomandibular joint dislocation; Autologous blood injection
Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance in Differentiating Between Malignant and Benign Endometrial Soft-Tissue Lesions
Authors: Mughal Hina Hanif , Yaqoob Sana , Abbasi Hina Hafeez , Batool Fizza , Qaiser Irum
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Pathological variation and image overlapping due to several endometrial conditions could be challenging for radiologists. Diffused weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a reliable and promising imaging technique for the diagnosis and characteristics of endometrial lesions. The present study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of diffused weighted magnetic imaging resonance in differentiating between malignant and benign endometrial soft-tissue lesions. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 suspected endometrial lesions in the department of radiology, Benazir Bhutto hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2021 to December 2021. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for all the participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into two groups; Group I and Group II comprised 25 suspected benign and malignant endometrial lesions respectively. All the study patients were subjected to ultrasound and MRI examination of the pelvis. DWI imaging was done and the ADC value was calculated at a high b value. Histopathological data was collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Of the total 50 endometrial lesions, histopathological results were divided into the malignant group (25 lesions, 50%) and benign group (25 lesions, 50%). Out of 50, 38 lesions (21/25 benign and 17/25 malignant lesions) were correctly diagnosed by the conventional magnetic resonance imaging technique. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV), and negative-positive value (NPV) of conventional MRI were 76.82%, 79.41%, 74.12%, AND 81.5% respectively. However, combining the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value at b=1000 with DWI, about 48 lesions (24/25 benign and 24/25 malignant lesions) were correctly diagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV), and negative-positive value (NPV) of conventional MRI were 94.82%, 93.23%, 91.6%, and 97% respectively. Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MRI can help in distinguishing uterine endometrial lesions as benign and malignant. The diagnostic accuracy of Combined DWI with ADC mapping is higher than conventional MRI when differentiating benign lesions from malignant lesions. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined DWI with ADC mapping increased in pelvic MRI examination for differentiating endometrial focal lesions. Keywords: Pelvic ultrasound; MRI Pelvis; Benign and Malignant endometrial lesions, Validity.
Comparison of Efficacy of Oral Nifedipine Versus Vaginal Micronized Progesterone in Management of Preterm Labor
Authors: Sultana Bushra , Fatima Qirat , . Farzana
Published: August 2022

Objective: Preterm delivery causes the deaths of approximately 1 million children annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates a prevalence of 5--18% of births occur prematurely worldwide; exceptionally rare studies are published comparing nifedipine with progesterone for use in the maintenance of tocolysis. This study compares oral nifedipine to veginal micronized progesterone in preterm labor-prone women Methods: This randomized clinical study was carried out at gynecology department from 02-march 2021 to 01-March-2022. A total of 126 women with pre-term labor ware included. In group A, women took nifedipine 20mg sublingually 3 times every 30 minutes then maintained with nifedipine SR 20mg every 12 hours until 37 weeks of gestational amenorrhea or cervical dilatation >4cm (for 48 hours). In group B, women were asked to take vaginal micronized progesterone tablets of 200mg vaginally once a day or until 37 weeks of gestation amenorrhea or cervical dilatation at >4cm (for 48 hours). We compared premature birth, mode of delivery, side effects, neonate’s respiratory distress, ventilator time, ICU stay, and death rate between the groups. Results: Patients in both groups had similar demographics in terms of age and parity of patients. Pregnancy was delayed with a mean of 19.61±6.66 days in nifedipine group, at the same time the pregnancy was delayed for 33.06±8.66 days in progesterone group (p-value < 0.001). The average birth weight was 2.99 ± 0.29 Kg in nifedipine and 3.20 ± 0.17 Kg in progesterone group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, Progesterone did not affect overall mortality. Progesterone looks like a promising medicine in this aspect, Keywords: preterm, nifedipine, progesterone, tocolysis
Association Between Kinematic Center and Anatomy, The Function of Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Khan Zahid Sarfaraz , Shah Syeda Gulrukh Saba , Humayun Ambereen , Khan Zakir Ullah , Ali Waqas , Iqbal Maira , Naeem Nabiha , Farid Arshad , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Background: Evident from the literature, the kinematic center (KC) has been proposed as a reference point for representing movements of the TMJ, which includes jaw openings, closings, and protrusions and retrusions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the KC lies in a peculiar anatomical point and whether its trajectory reflects intra-articular distances. Methods: Dynamic stereo-metry was used to track Four closings and openings and Four protrusions/retrusion in fourteen asymptomatic individuals (8 females and 6 males, ages 21-40). Results: According to a 3D lattice (0.5 mm grid) constructed solidly around each condyle, the KC had the largest cross-correlation between protrusion-retrusion paths and opening-closing paths. On closing, KC trajectories were more cranial than on opening, consistent with smaller intraarticular distances on closing. Yet KCs never fell on main condylar axes (distance, 4.5 mm) or coincided with points approximating fossa shapes (distance, 12.5 mm). Conclusion: In this regard, it is unclear what the significance of the kinematic center is anatomically and functionally.
Chiral Phthalimides Demonstrated Bactericidal Effect Against Multi Drug Resistant Hyper Virulent Klebsiella Pneumonia
Authors: Khan Israr Ali , Ahmad Salman , Ullah Fahad , Niaz Falak , Iqbal Sajid , Khan Ejaz Ali , Khan Momin , Khan Sher Wali
Published: August 2022

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is global issue. Many antibiotics which is used is used in common practice against bacterial strain are no more effective against it. Same is the case of hyper virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) mostly clinical isolates of this bacteria are multi drug resistant and can cause a verity of infections. Our study aims to screen five novel chiral phthalimides (1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2-y1)-4-methytopheonic acid labelled as FIB, 2-(1, 3-dioxoisoindlin-2y1)-4(methythio) butamic acid (FIC), 2-(1,3dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3 meracaptopropanic acid (FIF) 2-(1-3-dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3(4-hydroxyphnyl prophanic acid(FIH) and 3-(1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2yl) prophanic acid (FII) against multi drug resistant hvKp and to check its cytotoxic effect against human red blood cells (RBC’s). Activity of these compounds were measured through different techniques e.g. Agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and macro broth dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds were measured as well. All five compounds were bactericidal and were observed with different concentration of inhibition e.g. MIC for FIC, FIB, FII, FIF and FIH against hvKp were 6mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml. This result show that FIC have strong activity against hvKp as compared to other compounds. None of these five compounds were toxic to human RBC’s. Chiral phthalimides showed strong antibacterial activity against hvKp and were none toxic to human RBC’s.
Diabetes: Insights into Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Shehzad Shahid , Naeem Muhammad , Khan Rasif , Khan Rashed Ali , Rehman Saqibah , Naz Rida
Published: August 2022

Numerous physiological and pathological processes must be controlled for the thyroid gland to function properly. Research utilising both animal models and human subjects has demonstrated that thyroid hormones regulate cellular processes that are crucial for most age-related diseases. Furthermore, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated to the onset of several kinds of diabetes, proving the intricacy of the molecular processes regulated by thyroid hormones. In this article, we provide a summary of the most recent thyroid hormone-related findings in the field of diabetes research. We contend that despite the difficulty in developing thyromimetics due to their inefficiency and potential toxicity, therapies based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone activity may be therapeutically beneficial in some kinds of diabetes.
Comparison of Efficacy of Pregabalin Vs Duloxetine in Peripheral Neuropathy Pain in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Low Doses
Authors: Shabbir Sumayya , Islam Asif , Zohaib Amer , Fatima Tooba , Riaz Saima , Malik Uzma
Published: August 2022

Objective: This research is specifically designed to compare the efficacy, safety and dosage pattern of DLX and PGB in peripheral neuropathy pain in type 2 diabetic patients . In this clinical trial, we have used a low dosage of both drugs to measure the outcomes. Place and Duration: Mayo Hospital Endocrine Out Patient Department . 01-01-2022 to 31-03-2022 Study type: Randomized controlled clinical trial Methodology: All the patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of pregabalin and duloxetine. For this study, some empty capsules were prepared which were filled with either duloxetine, pregabalin, or starch as a placebo. Initially, patients of the duloxetine group received a placebo capsule once daily as a washout period for ten days. Later on, they received a fixed dose of 30 mg/d duloxetine in the first week of treatment and different doses of 30 mg/d to 60 mg/d were used for the next eleven weeks based on drug efficacy and tolerability. However, the group of pregabalin patients received a placebo capsule twice a day for ten days as a washout period. After that, they received 75 mg/Bd for the first week of treatment and 75 mg/Bd to 150 mg/Bd for eleven weeks of treatment. Results: The current study reported 74% ADRs in the duloxetine group while pregabalin reported 37% adverse reactions to medication. The significant mean difference related to incidents was observed as (p<0.05, =0.01 and <0.001) between both groups. In some cases, mild and tolerable adverse reactions were reported however severe reactions led to discontinuation of the drug. In 19% of cases of the duloxetine group treatment discontinuation was reported while PGB only had a ratio of 7%. Conclusion: In conclusion despite both drugs having equal efficacy still, the DPNP patients had a better tolerability ratio for pregabalin than duloxetine. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Duloxetine, Pregabalin, Peripheral neuropathy pain