bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of three wetland plants distributed along an elevation gradient in Dongting Lake, China
Authors: Li Feng , Gao Han , Zhu Lianlian , Xie Yonghong , Yang Guishan , Hu Cong , Chen Xinsheng , Deng Zhengmiao
Published: May 2017

We examined foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of 3 wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Carex brevicuspis) distributed along an elevation gradient in the Dongting Lake, China, and how this stoichiometry is related to soil physico-chemical characteristics, elevation, and flooding days. Plant and soil samples were collected from 3 lakeshore sites. Total N and P concentrations of plants and six physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were measured, in addition to the elevation and flooding days. P. arundinacea and M. sacchariflorus had higher total N and P concentrations than C. brevicuspis. The foliar N:P ratio decreased with increasing elevation, and only increased with increasing foliar total N concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the foliar stoichiometry was primarily regulated by soil water content, followed by soil nutrient concentration. The foliar N and P stoichiometry of the 3 wetland plants was insignificantly correlated with soil total P concentration. However, foliar stoichiometric characteristics and soil total N concentration significantly differed among the 3 species. These results demonstrate that spatial variation of foliar stoichiometry in wetland plants exists along an elevation gradient, with this information being useful for the conservation and management of wetland plants in this lake.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of JAZ gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Li Wen , Xia Xiao-Cong , Han Li-Hong , Ni Ping , Yan Jing-Qiu , Tao Miao , Huang Geng-Qing , Li Xue-Bao
Published: May 2017

Plant JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain) proteins play versatile roles in multiple aspects of plant development and defense. However, little is known about the JAZ family in allotetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) so far. In this study, 30 non-redundant JAZ genes were identified in upland cotton through genome-wide screening. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 30 proteins in cotton JAZ family are further divided into five groups (I – V), and members in the same group share highly conserved motif structures. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that GhJAZ proteins are localized in the cell nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that GhJAZs display different expression patterns in cotton tissues, and most of them could be induced by Jasmonic (JA). Furthermore, some GhJAZ genes are preferentially expressed in cotton ovules and fibers, and showed differential expression in ovules of wild type cotton and fiberless mutant (fl) during fiber initiation. GhJAZ proteins could interact with each other to form homodimer or heterodimer, and they also interacted with some JA signaling regulators and the proteins involved in cotton fiber initiation. Collectively, our data suggested that some GhJAZ proteins may play important roles in cotton fiber initiation and development by regulating JA signaling as well as some fiber-related proteins.
Development of an orally available inhibitor of CLK1 for skipping a mutated dystrophin exon in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Sako Yukiya , Ninomiya Kensuke , Okuno Yukiko , Toyomoto Masayasu , Nishida Atsushi , Koike Yuka , Ohe Kenji , Kii Isao , Yoshida Suguru , Hashimoto Naohiro , Hosoya Takamitsu , Matsuo Masafumi , Hagiwara Masatoshi
Published: May 2017

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal progressive muscle-wasting disease. Various attempts are underway to convert severe DMD to a milder phenotype by modulating the splicing of thedystrophingene and restoring its expression. In our previous study, we reported TG003, an inhibitor of CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), as a splice-modifying compound for exon-skipping therapy; however, its metabolically unstable feature hinders clinical application. Here, we show an orally available inhibitor of CLK1, named TG693, which promoted the skipping of the endogenous mutated exon 31 in DMD patient-derived cells and increased the production of the functional exon 31-skipped dystrophin protein. Oral administration of TG693 to mice inhibited the phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins, which are the substrates of CLK1, and modulated pre-mRNA splicing in the skeletal muscle. Thus, TG693 is a splicing modulator for the mutated exon 31 of the dystrophin genein vivo, possibly possessing therapeutic potential for DMD patients.
PCLO rs2522833-mediated gray matter volume reduction in patients with drug-naive, first-episode major depressive disorder
Authors: Igata R , Katsuki A , Kakeda S , Watanabe K , Igata N , Hori H , Konishi Y , Atake K , Kawasaki Y , Korogi Y , Yoshimura R
Published: May 2017

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to differences in the volume of certain areas of the brain and to variants in the piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein (PCLO), but the relationship between PCLO and brain morphology has not been studied. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PCLO, rs2522833, is thought to affect protein stability and the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. We investigated the relationship between cortical volume and this SNP in first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD or healthy control subjects. Seventy-eight participants, including 30 patients with MDD and 48 healthy control subjects, were recruited via interview. PCLO rs2522833 genotyping and plasma cortisol assays were performed, and gray matter volume was estimated using structural magnetic resonance images. Among the individuals carrying the C-allele of PCLO rs2522833, the volume of the left temporal pole was significantly smaller in those with MDD than in healthy controls (family-wise error-corrected, P=0.003). No differences were detected in other brain regions. In addition, the C-carriers showed a larger volume reduction in the left temporal pole than those in the individuals with A/A genotype (P=0.0099). Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in MDD-affected C-carriers than in the healthy control C-carriers (12.76±6.10 vs 9.31±3.60 nm, P=0.045). We conclude that PCLO SNP rs2522833 is associated with a gray matter volume reduction in the left temporal pole in drug-naive, first-episode patients with MDD carrying the C-allele.
Genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and risk of dementia
Authors: Karlsson I K , Ploner A , Song C , Gatz M , Pedersen N L , Hägg S
Published: May 2017

Several studies have shown cardiovascular disease (CVD) to be associated with dementia, but it is not clear whether CVD per se increases the risk of dementia or whether the association is due to shared risk factors. We tested how a genetic risk score (GRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) affects dementia risk after CVD in 13 231 Swedish twins. We also utilized summarized genome-wide association data to study genetic overlap between CAD and Alzheimer´s disease (AD), and additionally between shared risk factors and each disease. There was no direct effect of a CAD GRS on dementia (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.01). However, the GRS for CAD modified the association between CVD and dementia within 3 years of CVD diagnosis, ranging from a hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.05–2.41) in the first GRS quartile to 1.91 (95% CI: 1.28–2.86) in the fourth GRS quartile. Using summary statistics, we found no genetic overlap between CAD and AD. We did, however, find that both AD and CAD share a significant genetic overlap with lipids, but that the overlap arose from clearly distinct gene clusters. In conclusion, genetic susceptibility to CAD was found to modify the association between CVD and dementia, most likely through associations with shared risk factors.
Ultrasmall NiO nanoclusters modified with conical Ni(ii)-SR staples for high performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Pandurangan Prabhu , Parvin Thansila Nainar , Soundiraraju Bhuvaneswari , Johnbosco Yesuraj , Ramalingam Manikanadan , Bhagavathiachari Muthuraaman , Suthanthiraraj Samuel Austin , Narayanan Sangilimuthu Sriman
Published: May 2017

We report MPS stabilized ultrasmall NiO NCs for high performance supercapacitors.
An improved quantum biochemistry description of the glutamate–GluA2 receptor binding within an inhomogeneous dielectric function framework
Authors: Martins A. C. V. , de-Lima-Neto P. , Caetano E. W. S. , Freire V. N.
Published: May 2017

A new methodology to define the inhomogeneous dielectric constant of protein residues, to apply to the calculation of protein–ligand properties such as the electrostatic interaction.
Amorphization and disordering of metal–organic framework materials for rechargeable batteries by thermal treatment
Authors: Hu Xiaoshi , Lou Xiaobing , Li Chao , Chen Qun , Yang Qi , Hu Bingwen
Published: May 2017

A disordered MOF framework upon evacuation with improved Li storage properties. The structure order can be reestablished upon exposure to water.
A high-performance enzyme entrapment platform facilitated by a cationic polymer for the efficient electrochemical sensing of ethanol
Authors: Adhikari Bal-Ram , Schraft Heidi , Chen Aicheng
Published: May 2017

An efficient enzyme entrapment approach using a cationic polymer has been demonstrated for the development of a high-performance ethanol biosensor.
Use of Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy combined with a relevance vector machine to discriminate Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Sanyeqing) from other related species
Authors: Fu Caili , Li Ying , Wang Wu , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Wang Shaoyun , Wang Suhua , Asiri Abdullah M. , Alamry Khalid A.
Published: May 2017

Few studies have been carried out on the discrimination of preciousTetrastigma hemsleyanum, also known as Sanyeqing in China.
Forensic discrimination between authentic and counterfeit perfumes using paper spray mass spectrometry and multivariate supervised classification
Authors: Teodoro J. A. R. , Pereira H. V. , Correia D. N. , Sena M. M. , Piccin E. , Augusti R.
Published: May 2017

Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is combined with chemometric methods (PCA, SIMCA and PLS-DA) for a fast and reliable forensic discrimination between authentic and counterfeit perfumes.
Crosslinked shells for nano-assembled capsules: a new encapsulation method for smaller Gd3+-loaded capsules with exceedingly high relaxivities
Authors: Farashishiko Annah , Plush Sally E. , Maier Karley B. , Dean Sherry A. , Woods Mark
Published: May 2017

Nano-capsules with robust, covalently bound, crosslinked shells can be used to encapsulate large payloads of MRI contrast agent, such as GdDOTP5−, that exhibit very high per-Gd3+ relaxivities.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed intermolecular synthesis of 2-arylindolines through C–H activation/oxidative cyclization cascade
Authors: Manna Manash Kumar , Bhunia Samir Kumar , Jana Ranjan
Published: May 2017

A novel ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed, pyrimidine-directed synthesis of 2-arylindolines with unbiased vinyl arenes via interrupted Heck manifold is reported.
Lewis acid catalyzed cascade annulation of alkynols with α-ketoesters: a facile access to γ-spiroketal-γ-lactones
Authors: Kambale Digambar A. , Thorat Sagar S. , Pratapure Madhukar S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Kontham Ravindar
Published: May 2017

A simple protocol for the synthesis of diverse unsaturated γ-spiroketal-γ-lactones has been developed by employing a Bi(OTf)3catalyzed cascade annulation of alkynols with α-ketoestersviaa dual (π and σ) activation process.
The effect of hydroxyl on the solution behavior of a quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant
Authors: Wu Xuepeng , Dai Caili , Fang Sisi , Li Hao , Wu Yining , Sun Xin , Zhao Mingwei
Published: May 2017

The influence of the introduction of a hydroxyl group into the system is studied at the macro and micro levels.
Stabilization of ultra-small [Ag2]2+ and [Agm]n+ nano-clusters through negatively charged tetrahedrons in oxyfluoride glass networks: To largely enhance the luminescence quantum yields
Authors: Ma Ronghua , Zhao Junjie , Chen Xiaotong , Qiao Xvsheng , Fan Xianping , Du Jincheng , Zhang Xianghua
Published: May 2017

Sub-nanometer [Ag2]2+ and [Agm]n+ were highly stabilized in inorganic glass to achieve heavy doping and high luminescence QYs.
A phenomenological order approach to the volume phase transition in microgel particles
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Fernando , Castellanos-Suárez Aly , Lozsán Aileen
Published: May 2017

A phenomenological insight into the volume transition of microgel particlesvianematic-like ordering behavior through solvation processes of a polymer matrix.
Carbon nitrides: synthesis and characterization of a new class of functional materials
Authors: Miller T. S. , Jorge A. Belen , Suter T. M. , Sella A. , Corà F. , McMillan P. F.
Published: May 2017

We examine the characterization of carbon nitrides and provide a perspective on their functional properties as next-generation materials.
Ion dynamics in halogen-free phosphonium bis(salicylato)borate ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shah Faiz Ullah , Gnezdilov Oleg I. , Filippov Andrei
Published: May 2017

Halogen-free and hydrolytically stable phosphonium bis(salicylato)borate ionic liquid electrolytes for enhanced safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries.
Gas/vapour separation using ultra-microporous metal–organic frameworks: insights into the structure/separation relationship
Authors: Adil Karim , Belmabkhout Youssef , Pillai Renjith S. , Cadiau Amandine , Bhatt Prashant M. , Assen Ayalew H. , Maurin Guillaume , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: May 2017

In this tutorial review we discuss the latest developments in ultra-microporous MOF adsorbents and their use as separating agentsviathermodynamics and/or kinetics and molecular sieving.
Rhenium-catalysed hydroboration of aldehydes and aldimines
Authors: Arévalo Rebeca , Vogels Christopher M. , MacNeil Gregory A. , Riera Lucía , Pérez Julio , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: May 2017

The first examples of the catalysed hydroboration of aldehydes and aldimines using low- and high-valent rhenium complexes are reported.
Graphene oxides in water: assessing stability as a function of material and natural organic matter properties
Authors: Jiang Yi , Raliya Ramesh , Liao Peng , Biswas Pratim , Fortner John D.
Published: May 2017

Interactions with natural organic matter (NOM) are critical to consider when evaluating the stability of nanoscale materials, including graphene oxide (GO), in aquatic environments.
A1H-NMR based metabolomics study of the intervention effect of mangiferin on hyperlipidemia hamsters induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Guo Fuchuan , Zi Tianqi , Liu Liyan , Feng Rennan , Sun Changhao
Published: May 2017

Mangiferin ameliorated hyperlipidemia by intervening in some major metabolic pathways.
Ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using ruthenium(0) nanoparticles and a continuously irradiating microwave system
Authors: Akiyama Toshiki , Taniguchi Takahisa , Saito Nozomi , Doi Ryohei , Honma Tetsuo , Tamenori Yusuke , Ohki Yuuta , Takahashi Naoyuki , Fujioka Hiromichi , Sato Yoshihiro , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2017

A good combination between a continuously irradiating microwave system and recyclable Ru(0) nanoparticle for ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling.
Effects of cations, anions and H+ concentration of acidic ionic liquids on the valorization of polysaccharides into furfural
Authors: Matsagar Babasaheb M. , Dhepe Paresh L.
Published: May 2017

The valorization of hemicellulose into valuable chemicals, such as C5 sugars and furfural, in a one-pot fashion.
Nanoscale hydrophilic colloids with high relaxivity and low cytotoxicity based on Gd(iii) complexes with Keplerate polyanions
Authors: Elistratova Julia , Akhmadeev Bulat , Gubaidullin Aidar , Korenev Vladimir , Sokolov Maxim , Nizameev Irek , Stepanov Alexey , Ismaev Ildus , Kadirov Marsil , Voloshina Alexandra , Mustafina Asiya
Published: May 2017

Efficient hydrophilic stabilization of Gd(iii) complexes with Keplerate polyanions for high relaxivity, colloid stability and low cytotoxicity.
Transition-metal-free oxidative intermolecular cyclization reaction: synthesis of 2-aryl-4-quinolones
Authors: Ma Haojie , Guo Cui , Zhan Zhenzhen , Lu Guoqiang , Zhang YiXin , Luo Xinliang , Cui XinFeng , Huang Guosheng
Published: May 2017

Herein, a novel and efficient intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminoacetophenones with aldehydes was developed for the synthesis of 2-aryl-4-quinolones through C–C and C–N bond formation.
Defect accumulation in swift heavy ion-irradiated CeO2 and ThO2
Authors: Palomares Raul I. , Shamblin Jacob , Tracy Cameron L. , Neuefeind Joerg , Ewing Rodney C. , Trautmann Christina , Lang Maik
Published: May 2017

Neutron total scattering is applied to investigate effects of ion irradiation, which is a promising means for improving oxygen conductivity.
Benzimidazolium salt-based solid-state electrolytes afford efficient quantum-dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dang Ruijuan , Wang Yefeng , Zeng Jinghui , Huang Zhangjun , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J.
Published: May 2017

A novel solid-state electrolyte based on 1,3-dihexylbenzimidazolium ([DHexBIm]) cations combined with Br−, BF4−or SCN−anions is used in CdS/CdSe sensitized quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs).
Interplay between local structure and transport properties in iron-doped LiCoPO4 olivines
Authors: Brutti Sergio , Manzi Jessica , Meggiolaro Daniele , Vitucci Francesco M. , Trequattrini Francesco , Paolone Annalisa , Palumbo Oriele
Published: May 2017

LiCoPO4 (LCP) is a challenging high voltage positive electrode material for next-generation secondary Li-ion cells.
BBP-functionalized biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds can capture BMP2 and promote osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Yao Qingqing , Sandhurst Eric S. , Liu Yangxi , Sun Hongli
Published: May 2017

Bone matrix-mimicking nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds functionalized with BMP binding moieties can selectively capture and stabilize BMP2, and thereby promote BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation.
A new n-type semiconducting molecule with an asymmetric indenothiophene core for a high-performing non-fullerene type organic solar cell
Authors: Un Kim Young , Eun Park Gi , Choi Suna , Hee Lee Dae , Ju Cho Min , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: May 2017

Herein, a new asymmetric n-type semiconducting molecule (PhITBD) with an indenothiophene core was designed, synthesized using tethering 2-(benzo[c][1,2,5]-thiadiazol-4-ylmethylene)-malononitrile (BM) as terminal groups, and applied to polymer solar cells (PSCs).
White Blood Cell Changes Following Treatment with a Combination of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Authors: Kocherlakota Prabhakar , Narayana Sri , Blau Jonathan , La Gamma Edmund
Published: May 2017

Objective We sought to determine whether recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination can increase white blood cell (WBC) count and improve the survival of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates having necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with Bell stage II or above.

Methods This retrospective chart review consisted of ELBW neonates with NEC provided with standard of care (standard group) or standard of care and a combination of rhG-CSF along with IVIG (treated group) at the discretion of the treating physician. Serial blood counts (days 0,1,2,3, and 7 to 10), survival, need for surgical intervention, time to reach full feeds, and time to discharge were compared between the two groups.

Results The treated (27 neonates) and the standard (35 neonates) groups had birth weights of 857 ± 52 g and 1,009 ± 50 g; gestational ages of 26 ± 0.5 and 28 ± 0.5 weeks; WBC counts of 7,950 ± 6,452 and 14,105 ± 9,578/mm3; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 3,930 ± 5,152 and 7,117 ± 7,545/mm3, respectively (p < 0.05). During the study, WBC count and ANC increased in the treated group till days 7 to 10, but decreased till day 3 in the standard group (p < 0.05). ANC (11-fold) and monocytes (4-fold) increased in the treated patients with neutropenia by days 7 to 10 (p < 0.05). There was no change in the survival, need for surgery, time to reach full feed, or time to discharge between the two groups.

Conclusion The combination of rhG-CSF and IVIG increased WBC, ANC, and monocytes in the treated group but did not affect the survival, need for surgery, time to reach full feed, or time to discharge.
Implantation einer Hüft- oder Knietotalendoprothese und die Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation
Authors: Ritter S. , Dannenmaier J. , Jankowiak S. , Kaluscha R. , Krischak G.
Published: May 2017

Hintergrund Nach der Akutbehandlung bei Implantation einer Hüft- oder Knietotalendoprothese (TEP) erfolgt meist eine sich daran anschließende Rehabilitationsmaßnahme, entweder unmittelbar im Anschluss oder nach vorangegangener häuslicher Übergangszeit. Aber auch eine ausschließlich ambulante Nachbehandlung ohne Rehabilitation ist möglich. Ziel der Arbeit war die Analyse von personen- und behandlungsbezogenen Faktoren auf die Inanspruchnahme der jeweiligen Nachbehandlung.

Methode Auf Basis eines verknüpften Datensatzes bestehend aus Routinedaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg sowie der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg erfolgte eine sektorenübergreifende Analyse des Versorgungsgeschehens. Mittels 2 logistischer Regressionsmodelle (Backward-Selektion) wurden Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) sowie einer häuslichen Übergangszeit getrennt für Hüft- und Knie-TEP-Patienten ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Von 9 232 Hüft-TEP-Patienten nahmen 82,6% eine AR entweder direkt nach dem Akutaufenthalt (58,7%) oder nach häuslicher Übergangszeit (23,9%) in Anspruch. Jüngere, männliche und nicht-deutsche Hüft-TEP-Patienten gingen dabei deutlich seltener zur AR. Von den insgesamt 7 656 Knie-TEP-Patienten nahmen 83,9% eine AR in Anspruch, 59,7% direkt und 24,2% mit Übergangszeit. Dabei waren ebenfalls soziodemografische Merkmale für die Inanspruchnahme prognostisch bedeutsam. Die Analyse zeigte, dass die Inanspruchnahme einer AR sowohl von Alter, Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit, als auch von Komorbiditäten, Behandlungen sowie Medikamentenverordnungen beeinflusst wird.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise auf eine höhere Fallschwere von direkt verlegten Patienten, was für eine bedarfsorientierte Inanspruchnahme einer Rehabilitation spricht. Dennoch lassen einige Anhaltspunkte für bestimmte Patientengruppen eine Unterinanspruchnahme vermuten.
Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der vergleichenden Berufsfeldforschung: Psychische Belastungen und Burnoutrisiken im Handlungsfeld der Suchthilfe
Authors: Kuhn Ulrike , Graß Julia , Klein Michael
Published: May 2017

Ziele Ziel des Studienvergleichs war die Untersuchung von Arbeitsbeanspruchungen und der psychischen Gesundheit bei Fachkräften, die in der Suchthilfe tätig sind.

Methodik Berichtet werden Ergebnisse aus 2 Studien. Beim Studienvergleich der 3 Untersuchungsstichproben kommt der Fragebogen zu Beanspruchungen in Humandienstleistungen (BHD) sowie eine Kurzversion der Symptom-Checkliste SCL-90-R (SCL-14) zum Einsatz.

Ergebnisse Die Skalenmittelwerte der betrachteten Beanspruchungsfolgen (u. a. in den Bereichen emotionale Erschöpfung) sind bei allen Stichproben neutral ausgeprägt. Bei der psychischen Belastung bestehen signifikante Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz der positiven Ergebnisse zum Burnoutrisiko ist eine substanzielle Subgruppe der Befragten risikobehaftet. Auch die erhöhten Werte der psychischen Belastung machen die Entwicklung geeigneter Präventionsstrategien notwendig.
Übertragbarkeit der Theorie „Therapeutische Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-)Rehabilitation“ in die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis – Eine Fallstudie
Authors: Lautenschläger Sindy , Muser Jürgen , Müller Elisabeth ,   und weitere Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe
Published: May 2017

Zielsetzung Das Ziel dieser Studie besteht darin, zu beschreiben, wie die Theorie zur therapeutischen Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-)Rehabilitation anhand einer Fallstudie auf die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis übertragen werden kann.

Material und Methoden Die Theorie wurde anhand der Grounded Theory nach Glaser und Strauss entwickelt. In 5 Rehabilitationskliniken wurden teilnehmende Beobachtungen (n=92) und episodische Interviews (n=10) durchgeführt. In die Untersuchung wurden die Berufsgruppen der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege, der Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege, der Altenpflege sowie der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegehilfe eingeschlossen. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte anhand der Methode des konstant komparativen Vergleichens nach Glaser und Strauss.

Ergebnisse Die Übertragbarkeit der Theorie in die Versorgungspraxis wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels in Bezug auf die pflegerischen Handlungssituationen (1) Training der Körperpflege, (2) Therapeutische Positionierung, (3) Stimulierende Mundpflege, (4) Wahrnehmungstraining und (5) Beratung von Angehörigen beschrieben. Dabei werden die in der Theorie entwickelten Kategorien: (1) Pflegerische Handlungen, (2) Beobachtung/Wahrnehmung, (3) Kommunikation, (4) Autonomie und individuelle Bedürfnisse von Rehabilitanden und ihren Angehörigen, (5) multiprofessionelles Team und (6) Voraussetzungen auf das Fallbeispiel übertragen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Fallstudie zeigt, wie die Theorie zur therapeutischen Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-) Rehabilitation auf die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis übertragen werden kann und verdeutlicht die Komplexität pflegerischer Interventionen.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Misty, Spellbound and the lost Gothic of British girls’ comics
Authors: Round Julia
Published: May 2017

Correction to: Palgrave Communications (2017) 3 Article number: 17037 doi:10.1057/palcomms.2017.37; Published 16 May 2017; Updated 30 May 2017 Previously the caption for Figure 3 read “ ‘The Rocking Chair’ (Spellbound #22). Artist and writer unknown”. This has been corrected to “ ‘The Rocking Chair’(Spellbound #22).
Stochastic mechanics of loose boundary particle transport in turbulent flow
Authors: Dey Subhasish , Ali Sk Zeeshan
Published: May 2017

In a turbulent wall shear flow, we explore, for the first time, the stochastic mechanics of loose boundary particle transport, having variable particle protrusions due to various cohesionless particle packing densities. The mean transport probabilities in contact and detachment modes are obtained. The mean transport probabilities in these modes as a function of Shields number (nondimensional fluid induced shear stress at the boundary) for different relative particle sizes (ratio of boundary roughness height to target particle diameter) and shear Reynolds numbers (ratio of fluid inertia to viscous damping) are presented. The transport probability in contact mode increases with an increase in Shields number attaining a peak and then decreases, while that in detachment mode increases monotonically. For the hydraulically transitional and rough flow regimes, the transport probability curves in contact mode for a given relative particle size of greater than or equal to unity attain their peaks corresponding to the averaged critical Shields numbers, from where the transport probability curves in detachment mode initiate. At an inception of particle transport, the mean probabilities in both the modes increase feebly with an increase in shear Reynolds number. Further, for a given particle size, the mean probability in contact mode increases with a decrease in critical Shields number attaining a critical value and then increases. However, the mean probability in detachment mode increases with a decrease in critical Shields number.
A metal/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/SiO2/Si single film device for charge trapping memory towards a large memory window
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Tao , Yan Xiaobing , Zhang Zichang , bai Gang , Lu Chao , Jia Xinlei , Ding Bangfu , Zhao Jianhui , Zhou Zhenyu
Published: May 2017

In this study, we present a metal/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/SiO2/Si (MBOS) structure for charge trapping memory, where the single Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film acts as the blocking layer and charge trapping layer. This MBOS device structure demonstrates excellent charge trapping characteristics, a large memory window up to 8.4 V under an applied voltage of ±12 V, robust charge retention of only 4% charge loss after 1.08 × 104 s, fast switching rate, and great program/erase endurance. These attractive features are attributed to the high density of defect states in the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film and its inter-diffusion interface with SiO2. The properties of defect states in the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film are investigated through measurements of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. The energy levels of these defect states are found to be distributed between 2.66 eV and 4.05 eV above the valence band. The inter-diffusion at the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/SiO2 interface is observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. More defect sites were created to obtain a better charge trapping capability and retention characteristics.
Effects of electron confinement on the acoustoelectric current in suspended quantum point contacts
Authors: Mourokh Lev G. , Ivanushkin Pavel , Kreft Dustin J. , Shin Hyuncheol , Bichler Max , Wegscheider Werner , Zhao Pai , Tiemann Lars , Blick Robert H.
Published: May 2017

An acoustoelectric current driven through a quantum point contact (QPC) on a suspended nanobridge by surface acoustic waves displays a non-trivial behavior in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. Our study reveals that the dependencies of this current on the QPC gate voltage and magnetic field can be explained by a variable material parameter σm. We develop a theoretical model for this phenomenon based on the modification of the Coulomb interaction and, correspondingly, the electron-SAWs coupling in the presence of the electron confinement.
Double-sided coaxial circuit QED with out-of-plane wiring
Authors: Rahamim J. , Behrle T. , Peterer M. J. , Patterson A. , Spring P. A. , Tsunoda T. , Manenti R. , Tancredi G. , Leek P. J.
Published: May 2017

Superconducting circuits are well established as a strong candidate platform for the development of quantum computing. In order to advance to a practically useful level, architectures are needed which combine arrays of many qubits with selective qubit control and readout, without compromising on coherence. Here, we present a coaxial circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture in which qubit and resonator are fabricated on opposing sides of a single chip, and control and readout wiring are provided by coaxial wiring running perpendicular to the chip plane. We present characterization measurements of a fabricated device in good agreement with simulated parameters and demonstrating energy relaxation and dephasing times of T1 = 4.1 μs and T2 = 5.7 μs, respectively. The architecture allows for scaling to large arrays of selectively controlled and measured qubits with the advantage of all wiring being out of the plane.
Health professionals’ perception of patient safety culture in acute hospitals: an integrative review
Authors: Willmott Julie , Mould Jon
Published: May 2017

Objective Globally, the degree of patient harm occurring in healthcare was first publicised in the 1990s. Although many factors affect patient safety, in the US the Institute of Medicine identified hospital organisational culture as one factor contributing to a reduction in errors. This led to the development of many tools for measuring the safety culture of hospital staff. The aim of the present study was to review the literature on patient safety culture in acute hospitals to identify: (1) how patient safety is viewed by health professionals; (2) whether patient safety culture is perceived differently at the hospital versus ward level; and (3) whether clinicians and managers place the same importance on patient safety. Methods Following a search of electronic databases using OneSearch and a manual search of grey literature, an integrative review method identified 11 articles as being suitable to meet the review’s aims. The search terms of patient safety culture, patient safety and safety climate were used. To ensure relevancy to current practice, the search was restricted to the period 2010–15. Results Hospital patient safety culture is not a shared vision, because health professional groups have different views. In the present study, 67% of articles examined found doctors to have a poorer perception of the patient safety culture than nurses and allied health professionals. All health professional groups reported a more positive view of their ward safety culture than that of the hospital safety culture. Furthermore, managers of the health professionals reported more positively on patient safety culture than bedside clinicians. Conclusion This review provides an international understanding of health professionals’ views of patient safety. From an Australian context, the review highlights the need for further investigation, because there is a lack of recent Australian literature in the acute hospital setting relating to patient safety culture. What is known about the topic? Globally, many research papers have reported upon the correlation between a positive patient safety culture and a reduction in healthcare errors. What does this paper add? The present integrative review highlights that regardless of the country of origin, there are differences in the way that a hospital patient safety culture is perceived among different health professional groups, particularly between managers and bedside clinicians. What are the implications for practitioners? Individual health professional groups, and managers and clinicians, have different views on the patient safety culture; therefore, training needs to involve everyone to create a shared vision for patient safety.
Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office
Authors: Fry Martin
Published: May 2017

The obvious commercial benefits of centralising operational functions mean that commercial ‘hubs’ within multinational enterprises will continue to proliferate. More and more so, this will create challenges for the revenue authorities of the high tax jurisdictions such as Australia and the United States, and also the ‘hub-destination’ jurisdictions such as Singapore. For the Australian revenue authority, the challenges are heightened by the fact that the Australian public debate on these issues occurs, it seems, within a framework of suspicion that multinational enterprises set about to avoid paying their ‘fair share’ of tax.
As there is ultimately only one value chain spread across more than one tax jurisdiction – whether that be from the hydrocarbons under an Australian sea bed through to a customer sale in North Asia, or the purchase of crude in Singapore through to a point of retail distribution in Australia – it is essential that the tax laws arrive at an international organising principle that fairly allocates taxing rights between the tax jurisdictions affected by a global value chain. Double taxation will arise and economic efficiencies will be destroyed if multiple tax jurisdictions seek to tax the same parts of the single global value chain. That organising principle should be the ‘arm’s length principle’, the fundamental basis upon which Australia enters into double tax treaties with its trading partners.
This paper analyses the manner in which the Australian tax laws attempt to deal with the advent of offshore centralised hubs. It argues that the Australian tax laws overreach and, as such, create an environment for double taxation and dispute between competing revenue authorities and between revenue authorities and multinational enterprises. The tax laws are complex, incomplete and, at the time of writing, evolving at a speed not often witnessed in the field of taxation.
Golden safety rules: are they keeping us safe?
Authors: Fraser Samantha J. , Colgan Daryl
Published: May 2017

Golden safety rules (GSR) have been in existence for decades across multiple industry sectors – championed by oil and gas – and there is a belief that they have been effective in keeping workers safe. As safety programs advance in the oil and gas sector, can we be sure that GSR have a continued role? ERM surveyed companies across mining, power, rail, construction, manufacturing, chemicals and oil and gas, to examine the latest thinking about GSR challenges and successes. As we embarked on the survey, the level of interest was palpable; from power to mining it was apparent that companies were in the process of reviewing and overhauling their use of GSR. The paper will present key insights from the survey around the questions we postulated. Are GSR associated with a punitive safety culture, and have they outlived their usefulness as company safety cultures mature? Is the role of GSR being displaced as critical control management reaches new pinnacles? Do we comply with our GSR, and how do we know? Do our GSR continue to address the major hazards that our personnel are most at risk from? How do we apply our GSR with contractors, and to what extent do our contractors benefit from that? The paper concludes with some observations of how developments outside of the oil and gas sector provide meaningful considerations for the content and application of GSR for oil and gas companies.
An integrated operations team, to drill the Prelude big bore gas wells in Western Australia. Working together delivers solutions
Authors: Bacarreza L. , Singam C. , Buchan M. , May A. , Leung A. , Pallikathekathil Z. , Shehryar M. , Jansen K. , Naveed M. , Bafor O. , Brigham S. , Sadawarte S.
Published: May 2017

The Prelude gas field – located in the Browse Basin, north-western Australia, 260 nautical miles from the port of Broome, WA – was selected for the implementation of a revolutionary technology for stranded gas reserves.
The wells drilled and completed in this field are intended to feed the floating liquefied natural gas facility (Prelude FLNG) for the next 25 years, so integrity, robustness and equipment reliability were key issues in their construction. The field development plan consisted of seven high-rate, high-angle wells drilled in batch mode using a semi-submersible.
It very quickly became clear that the lessons captured during the vertical exploration and appraisal phases were insufficient for high-angle directional development wells. While the offset information was important, it did not address the intra-reservoir challenges (i.e. fractures, loss zones), wellbore instability, string vibration, stick-slip, high torque and drag, or reduced operational mud weight window.
This paper presents the measures implemented to mitigate those challenges. It also addresses the enablers that allowed the successful delivery of this project.
Prelude was the first project in the Browse Basin to drill horizontal wells.
More haste, less speed: pilot study suggests camera trap detection zone could be more important than trigger speed to maximise species detections
Authors: Fancourt Bronwyn A. , Sweaney Mark , Fletcher Don B.
Published: May 2017

Camera traps are being used increasingly for wildlife management and research. When choosing camera models, practitioners often consider camera trigger speed to be one of the most important factors to maximise species detections. However, factors such as detection zone will also influence detection probability. As part of a rabbit eradication program, we performed a pilot study to compare rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) detections using the Reconyx PC900 (faster trigger speed, narrower detection zone) and the Ltl Acorn Ltl-5310A (slower trigger speed, wider detection zone). Contrary to our predictions, the slower-trigger-speed cameras detected rabbits more than twice as often as the faster-trigger-speed cameras, suggesting that the wider detection zone more than compensated for the relatively slower trigger time. We recommend context-specific field trials to ensure cameras are appropriate for the required purpose. Missed detections could lead to incorrect inferences and potentially misdirected management actions.
Impact of dietary carbohydrate balance on rumen fermentation, eating behaviour, growth and development of 8–10-month-old heifers
Authors: Xu Jinhao , Wang Hongrong , Shen Yizhao , Zhao Rui , Ge Rufang , Yu Lihuai , Wang Mengzhi
Published: May 2017

The present study was undertaken to determine an optimal balance between the amount of physically effective fibre and rumen readily fermentable carbohydrates in the diets of heifers. The dietary carbohydrate balance index (CBI) was expressed as the ratio of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (g/kg of DM) to rumen degradable starch (g/kg of DM). Twenty-four Chinese Holstein heifers aged ~8 months were randomly divided into four groups of six. The length and content of Chinese wild-rye hay and the content of rumen degradable starch in diets were used to adjust dietary CBI, and treatment diets consisted of the following four CBI levels: 1.21 (Treatment A), 1.53 (Treatment B), 1.86 (Treatment C) and 2.29 (Treatment D). The feeding trial lasted 75 days, with 15 days for adaptation. DM intake of heifers was not influenced by different treatments (P > 0.10). Average daily gain of heifers varied (0.86 ± 0.10, 1.03 ± 0.06, 1.12 ± 0.08 and 0.98 ± 0.04 (mean ± s.d.) kg/day among groups respectively), with significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatments, but the initial and final bodyweight of heifers were not different (P > 0.10). In addition, the abdominal girth of heifers in Treatments C and D was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in Treatment A. With the increment of CBI, eating and chewing time increased significantly (P < 0.05), while eating frequency decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Rumen fluid pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing of CBI level, while there was little difference in total volatile fatty acid concentration, and propionate, butyrate and valerate concentrations. Acetate concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Treatments C and D than in Treatment A. Moreover, ammonia-nitrogen concentration of Treatments B and C was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of Treatment D. These results indicated that 1.86 is the optimal CBI in diets for 8–10-month-old heifers in the present study.
Compositional, organoleptic, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of muscle from bulls with different growth paths to a common carcass weight
Authors: Mezgebo G. B. , Monahan F. J. , McGee M. , Riordan E. G. O' , Picard B. , Richardson R. I. , Moloney A. P.
Published: May 2017

The proximate composition, organoleptic quality, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls assigned to three target indoor winter (from 9 to 13 months of age approximately) growth rates (average daily gain of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 kg; n = 14/group) were investigated. The feeding regimes to achieve the target average daily gains were 2, 4 and 6 kg of concentrate respectively, plus grass silage ad libitum. The duration of the winter feeding period was 123 days, after which bulls were turned out to pasture and grazed for 99 days before re-housing and finishing on concentrates ad libitum plus grass silage until they reached a liveweight to yield a target carcass weight of 380 kg. The average daily gain during the grazing period was higher (P < 0.001) for the 0.6 than for the 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups, which did not differ. Proximate composition, collagen content, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre-type distribution of the longissimus thoracis muscle were similar (P > 0.05) between the 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups. Apart from tenderness, which was rated higher (P < 0.05) for the 0.6 group than for the 1.0 average daily-gain group, the sensory characteristics of the beef were not influenced by the different winter growth rates applied. Overall, restricting the growth rate during winter had little effect on subsequent beef appearance or eating quality.
Intraspecific diversity of terpenes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) at a continental scale
Authors: Bustos-Segura Carlos , Dillon Shannon , Keszei Andras , Foley William J. , Külheim Carsten
Published: May 2017

Plants show a high degree of intraspecific variation in several traits including plant secondary metabolites. This variation can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors that result in geographical structure in their distribution. By growing plants from several populations in a controlled environment, we studied variation in foliar terpenes in Eucalyptus camaldulensis, which is the widest distributed eucalypt, with a large range both latitudinally and longitudinally. We found that the concentration of terpenes is highly variable among subspecies. We identified four chemotypes dominated by 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, α- and β-phellandrene. While the 1,8-cineole chemotype is abundant in all populations, the other three chemotypes are rare in the central area and the north-east of Australia. The γ-terpinene chemotype is mainly restricted to the north and west of Australia, whereas the α- and β-phellandrene chemotypes show an opposite distribution in the north and south of the continent. The annual mean temperature and humidity of the source populations correlate with the abundance of the dominant terpenes. We also tested the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the terpene concentration and found that elevated CO2 atmosphere reduces the overall accumulation of foliar terpenes. The results suggest that variation in terpene composition in E. camaldulensis can be influenced by environmental variables, mainly favouring the 1,8-cineole chemotype in arid locations.
Attempted Synthesis and Unexpected β-Fragmentation of a Hindered β-Keto Nitroxide
Authors: Edwards Chris , Healy Peter C. , Busfield W. Ken , Rizzardo Ezio , Thang San H. , Jenkins Ian D.
Published: May 2017

The attempted synthesis of a β-keto imidazolidinone nitroxide by oxidation of the β-hydroxy imidazolidinone precursor with hydrogen peroxide and sodium tungstate led to an unexpected ring-opening reaction to produce 1,4-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-3-oxo-2-pentanoic acid 1-oxide (13) in high yield. The structure of 13 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. A β-fragmentation mechanism is suggested for the oxidative ring-opening reaction.
Splicing-related single nucleotide polymorphism of RAB, member of RAS oncogene family like 2B (RABL2B) jeopardises semen quality in Chinese Holstein bulls
Authors: Wang Xiuge , Cui Xiaohui , Zhang Yan , Hao Haisheng , Ju Zhihua , Liu Deyu , Jiang Qiang , Yang Chunhong , Sun Yan , Wang Changfa , Huang Jinming , Zhu Huabin
Published: May 2017

RAB, member of RAS oncogene family like 2B (RABL2B) is a member of a poorly characterised clade of the RAS GTPase superfamily, which plays an essential role in male fertility, sperm intraflagellar transport and tail assembly. In the present study, we identified a novel RABL2B splice variant in bovine testis and spermatozoa. This splice variant, designated RABL2B-TV, is characterised by exon 2 skipping. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), namely c.125G>A, was found within the exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) motif, indicating that the SNP caused the production of the RABL2B-TV aberrant splice variant. This was demonstrated by constructing a pSPL3 exon capturing vector with different genotypes and transfecting these vectors into murine Leydig tumour cell line (MLTC-1) cells. Expression of the RABL2B-TV transcript was lower in semen from high- versus low-performance bulls. Association analysis showed that sperm deformity rate was significantly lower in Chinese Holstein bulls with the GG or GA genotype than in bulls with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). In addition, initial sperm motility was significantly higher in individuals with the GG or GA genotype than in individuals with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that the difference in semen quality in bulls with different RABL2B genotypes is generated via an alternative splicing mechanism caused by a functional SNP within the ESE motif.