bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las tesis doctorales en España (1997-2008): análisis, estadísticas y repositorios cooperativos
Authors: Fuentes Pujol Eulàlia , Arguimbau Vivó Llorenç
Published: February 2010

El artículo analiza el estado de la producción y difusión de tesis doctorales en las universidades españolas, a la luz de los cambios acaecidos en el período 1997-2008. Entre los factores de transformación cabe señalar el proceso de adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), el enorme impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones (TIC) y el movimiento orientado al acceso abierto (Open Access) de los documentos científicos. Después de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica de la literatura profesional sobre tesis doctorales, se examinan las series estadísticas elaboradas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), EUROSTAT y otras fuentes especializadas. A continuación, se describen algunas de las principales bases de datos y repositorios cooperativos de tesis existentes a nivel español e internacional. Finalmente, se analizan los datos obtenidos y se extraen algunas conclusiones sobre la capacidad del sistema académico español para generar y difundir conocimiento a partir de la formación de nuevos investigadores.
VARIATIONS IN THE WING EXPANSE OF PEZOTETTIX
Authors: Dodge G. M.
Published: February 2010

In the Can, Ent., vol, ix., p. 112, I have described as a new species,under the name of Caloptenus volucris, a long-winged variety of Pezotettix autumnalis Dodge. I separated it because of its great length of wing, in which respect it equals many specimens of Cal. spretus, while in the typical autumnalis the elytra are very short, ovate and pointed. It also exhibited sonie variations in color. The latter I have since seen paralleled irt autumnalis, and having found long-winged varieties of two other species of Pezotettix, I am now fully satisfied of the varietal character of volucris.
MISCELLANEOUS MEMORANDA
Authors: Worthington C. E.
Published: February 2010

Larva of Arzama obliquate Grote.–Found April 23rd, under the bark of a dead maple about three feet from the ground, where it had made for itself an oval cavity in the dust.

Head small and black; head and first four segments flattened above Ist segment black, edged with light brown and with a light brown dorsal stripe; remaining segments dull olivaceous brown, slightly pubescent,and having the greasy appearance of an Agrotis larva. No dorsal stripe back of Ist segment; Ist and 2nd segments project laterally over stigmata; immediately below the stigmata on each side is a faint, narrow, brown stripe, below which the color is much lighter. Anal segment with a fleshy fold slightly resembling that of Catocala crataegi.
THE GENERA OF THE HESPERIDÆ OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNAL–REGION
Authors: Speyer A.
Published: February 2010

♂. Antennæ much longer than half the costal margin of the forewings, nearly three-fourths as long as the body, uniform black, at two-thirds of their length expanding into a slender fusiform club, the last third of which is suddenly bent at a right angle; from this point forwards it is rapidly narrowed, but not very acute, nor curved into a hook. Locklet of hair of medium length and of the usual structure. palpi projecting the
full length of the eyes beyond the front, the first joint thickly hair-scaled, the end joint moderately short, conical, almost horizontal.
ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GALL INSECTS
Authors: Hagen H.
Published: February 2010

The natural history of the interesting gall insects is still somewhat mysterious. A large number of observations have been made here and in Europe by prominent Entomologists; nevertheless, a careful study of the most detailed papers always gives the impression that something is still wanting to explain the various facts related by the authors. Among the Hymenopterous gall insects important progress was made in the discovery by the late B. Walsh of the dimorphism of C. q. spongifica and C. q. aciculata, the latter one a parthenogenetic species. But even here new observations are wanted to fill some gaps in the history of those species. Mr. W. F. Bassett, of Waterbury, Conn., draws my attention to the fact that in a letter in the Proc. Entom. Soc. Lond., April, 1873, p. xv., he “did state most emphatically his belief that all one-gendered gall flies were the alternate of a two-gendered brood from galls of a different form,”
NOTES ON THE HUMBLE BEES
Authors: Bowles G. J.
Published: February 2010

Packard places the Hymenoptera at the head of the Class Insecta, on account of the completeness of their transformations and the perfection of their instincts. This is also the position assigned to this Order by Dana. Packard ranks the Bees (Apidæ) at the head of the Hymenoptera, thus placing them at the very summit of the insect creation.
THE TAILS OF CALLIMORPHA INTERRUPTO-MARGINATA ♂
Authors: Siewers C. G.
Published: February 2010

In a former article in the Canadian Entomologist I mentioned a large capture of the above moth in July, 1876 and '77. At the first I ran out of pins, and so had recourse to the time-honored practice of squeezing—when, lo! out of the hind segments there issued two plumes over an inch long and less than one-sixteenth in diameter, so light that the least breath of air fluttered them from side to side.
ON THE LARVAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORYDALUS AND CHAULIODES AND ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORYDALUS CORNUTUS
Authors: Riley Chas. V.
Published: February 2010

The paper relates to the development of one of the most singular and interesting of North American insects–the largest of the Order Neuroptera. In its perfect state this insect is a great, clumsy, nocturnal fly, popularly called Hellgrammite, and characterized by the jaws of the male being converted into a pair of long, curved, cylindrical and tapering prehensile organs, like the finger of a grain-cradle.
A NEW SILK-SPINNING CHALCID
Authors: Howard L. O.
Published: February 2010

During the summer of 1879, while working with Professor Comstock upon the natural enemies of the cotton worm, I came across the following passage in his fleld notes of the previous year :—

“August 27.–I found yesterday a cotton worm about five-eighths of an inch in length, which, though yet alive, was being destroyed by three green larvæ which were upon it. I found the specimens abont 10 a. m. Last evening I observed that the cotton worm was nearly eaten. The parasites had very short bodies, which, when they moved, were pointed at one end. I had intended to describe the specimens, but I find that they have spun cocoons about their bodies.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAMPHILA FROM FLORIDA
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Pamphila Byssus.

Male.—Expands 1.6 inch.

Upper side dark glossy brown ; the basal half of costa of primaries ferruginous, as well as a little of cell below adjoining; at the end of cell an irregular yellow-fulvous bar within ; across disk a bent yellow-fulvous band, starting on costal margin about three-fifths the distance from base to apex, bending round cell and continued to middle of submedian nervure, narrow at top, but below cell widening rapidly; the basal half of inner margin washed fulvous.
DIFFERENCES WITHOUT DISTINCTIONS
Authors: Worthington C. E.
Published: February 2010

If there is one thing more than another that fills the brain of an amateur Entomologist with despair, when he first makes the acquaintance of the long lists of largely incongruous and incomprehensible names that he is expected to master, it is the utter absence of anything in the system of nomenclature tending to show the relations of various forms to each other, or of varieties to the parent or more abundant form.
ON THE EARLY STAGES OF HYPENA SCABRA, Fabr.
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Globular, slightly flattened above, more decidedly so below; lower half smooth; upper half deeply grooved, the interspaces rounded and marked with fine transverse impressed lines ; whitish, the upper half sometimes dotted with dark brown ; transverse diameter nearly ½ mm. [The top of this egg closely resembles that of the unarmed Rustic (Agrotis saucia) figured in Riley's 8th Report, page 37, fig. 24.]
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: Bethune C. J. S.
Published: February 2010

429. Plusia rectangula Kirby.—Expansion of wings 1½ inch. Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby.

Body cinereous, underneath whiter. Antennæ testaceous ; thorax crested ? as the scales are mostry rubbed off this cannot however be positively asserted; wings incumbent ; primaries with a subcrenate edge ; inclining to ash-colored, clouded with black, with a subramose rectangular somewhat silvery spot, extending from near the base to the middle of the wing; between which and the apex is a narrow white wavy band, edged with black; and still nearer the margin a zigzag transverse black line; the secondary wings are plicatile, cinereous, and dusted at the apex with brown.
NOTE ON HEMARIS BUFFALOENSIS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

The Rev. Mr. Hulst, who has arbitrarily drawn together distinct species of Catocala, as C. crataegi and C. polygama, forgetting that the larva of the former is described.
ON THE LENGTH OF LIFE OF BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Not long since I received a letter from a correspondent in Europe, asking what my experience was in regard to the life of butterflies, and this led to much thinking of the matter and reference to my note books, in which for more than fifteen years I have put down everything that has come under my observation relating to butterflies.
OBSERVATIONS ON SEVERAL SPECIES OF AEGERIADÆ INHABITING THE VICINITY OF BUFFALO, N. Y.
Authors: Kellicott D. S.
Published: February 2010

In this communication it is my purpose to record such of my observations on some local species of the “clear-wings” as it is deemed are real contributions to our knowledge of the group. I shall say more or less about the following species : Aegeria tricincta, pini n. s., pictipes, acerni, pyri, tipuliformis, exitiosa and Trochilium denudatum. There are other species known in our fauna, but these only have been encountered in the fields.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS ANTIGASTER OF WALSH
Authors: Howard L. O.
Published: February 2010

In the light of Professor Riley's recent criticism (American Entomologist, December, 1880,) upon my conclusion that Antigaster Walsh is synonymous with Eupelmus Dalm., I have gone over the ground again with his objections before me, and still adhere to my original view. The objections may be summed up as follows :

1st. Antigaster has 10-jointed antennæ ; Eypelmus (according to Westwood) has 13.
REMARKS ON AGONODERUS COMMA Fab., PALLIPES Fab., RUGICOLLIS Lec., AND TACHYCELLUS (Bradycllus) ATRIMEDIUS Say
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Experience in exchanging Coleoptera shows that the first two and the last of these forms are greatly confused in collections. Their appearances are so similar as easily to deceive, and they are only to be separated by a close observance of two or three characters. Comma and atrimedius are abundant here, and pallipes is not rare. Comma and pallipes are usually confounded, the former being labelled pallipes; and atrimedius is often marked pallipes also. The typical comma has a black vitta on each elytron extending from the first to the fifth stria, which does not reach the apex, and may be more or less abbreviated anteriorly. The vitta on each elytron is therefore separated by a yellow suture. The scutellar stria is long. The typical pallipes has a broad black vitta on the disk of the elytra extending from the fourth stria on one side to the same on the other, and not separated by a yellow suture. It does not reach the apex and may be abbreviated in front, in which case it is narrowed towards the scutellum. The scutellar stria is short. The thoracic characters are omitted here, being so inconstant as to be of no diagnostic value. Had all the specimens of each species the typical coloration as given, recognition by this character would be easy; but the extent of variation is so great as to render it absolutely useless. While I have not yet seen a specimen of comma without the yellow suture, many specimens of pallipes occur with it where the broad elytral vitta is abbreviated and disintegrated so as to form a short, narrow vitta on each side. The vitta of comma is similarly reduced, and the separation by color becomes impossible. In other specimens of each the colors are so suffused and blended as to present no typical characters.
PROFESSOR FERNALD'S SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE OF NORTH AMERICAN TORTRICIDÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

The reader of the Canadian Entomologist will recall the first paper on the Tortricidœ, by Professor Fernald, who has been kind enough to send me advance sheets of his Catalogue of the Family now being published in Philadelphia.

At the time when Professor Fernald commenced his studies he paid me the complinent of asking my advice as to the group of Lepidoptera he should work upon. In advising him to take the Tortricidœ, I was influenced by my belief in his patience and scientific ability. No family of Lepidoptera which I have studied, except perhaps the phycidœ, are as difficult as the Tortrices, or call for more diligent examination and careful manipulation. I had been bringing together material for a study of the Tortricidœ, and had described a few species and the genus Phaecasiophora, when Professor Fernald wrote to me. I was thus in a position to be of the slight assistance which Professor Fernald has, I am afraid, overestimated in his original paper alluded to above.
NEW MOTHS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Copablepharon Longipenne, n. s.

Eyes naked; tibiæ spinose. Fore wings clear light buff yellow with an outer line merely a succession of minute dots, at usual place of s. t. line. Hind wings fuscons with pale fringes. Head and thorax yellow; pectus and palpi whitish. Beneath the whitish wings are clouded with pale fuscous. A little slighter than Absidum (= Aedophron grandis of Strecker). Montana Coll. B. Neumoegen, Esq.

Copablepharon Subflavidens, n. s.

Eyes naked; tibiæ armed; fore tibiæ with a very slight claw in addition. Primaries pure light yellow, immaculate. Hind wings pure white, immaculate. Abdomen white; white beneath. Montana, Coll. B. Neumoegen, Esq. Size of the other species. C. Album is also in the collection before me.
NEW MOTHS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Fota armata Grote.

This has somewhat the form of Stilbia; the fringes are long on secondaries. A second female like type in size has the black submedian dash wanting, and the filling on cell, but hind wings are like type in being pale fuscous. Base of forewings above pale ochrey shaded. Another has the primary all gray; Armata may be known by its larger size, fuscous secondary and different sculpture of clypeal armature.

Whether the following are really different I do not know I they appear to be so most certainly.
TABLE OF SPECIES OF EUCHAETES
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

The number of described species of this Arctian genus is increasing, and from my own collections in New York, I do not believe that our Eastern forms are at all well known. Among the most interesting recent discoveries in in Arizona is E. zonalis, Grote, a form in which the abdomen is banded with crimson and black and unlike the other species in this respect.
ARSILONCHE AND LEUCANIA
Authors: Smith John B.
Published: February 2010

During the past two years I have found on the exchange lists of most northern, and all Canadian collectors with whom I have done any exchanging, Arsilonche albovenosa Goetze under its synonym Ablepharon Henrici Grt., and on their list of “wants” as uniformly appeared Leucania phragmitidicola Guen. I always sent for Arsilonche, and always received Leucania phragmitidicola. The latter is a common insect, but the former is more rare, and it may be interesting to know how the two can be distinguished. Superficially they are very much alike; generically they differ as follows: Arsilonche has lashed eyes, Leucania has them hairy; the tongue in Arsilonche is weak and short, in Leucania long and corneous; the legs in the former are shorter and more compact than in the latter, and the spurs of middle and posterior tibiæ are much shorter. The vestiture of Arsilonche on thorax and body is entirely hairy, fine and long; in Leucania the hair is somewhat flattened, more scale-like and shorter Arsilonche has also the head more retracted, the abdomen longer and the primaries rather more lanceolate. The secondaries in albovenosa are pure white, in phragmitidicola they are more smoky and have a darker border.
ON TWO GENERA OF PHYCIDÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

I find that unless we use neurational characters to separate the genera of Phycidœ, that it will be impossible to classify the species with accuracy. All characters drawn from the periphery, the appendages of the body, will be found subject to very gradual modifications, but I do not think we can afford to reject any of them, because of their relative want of stability. Indeed the neuration in the Lepidoptera seems to be as useful as in the Diptera, although there are certain cases (as I long ago pointed out with regard to Thyridopteryx) where it varies not only in the species, but in the opposite wings of the same specimen. I think that we must regard as generically distinct from Penmpelia the North American species Pravella, which has 8, instead of 7 veins to the hind wings (see Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 4, 694). For this species, the structure of which I have quite fully described, I propose the generic name Meroptera. I also find that our two species, found in Texas and Colorado, and which probably mine the Agave, viz., Bollii and Dentata, are distinct from the European types of Zophodia, to which Prof. Zeller referred Bollii, the type of the new genus Megaphycis. In the structure of the palpi, shape of the wings, greater size and length of body, our two large species differ strongly.
ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CALPINÆ TO HELIOTHINÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Form slender; vestiture scaly; clypeus rough, with a superior arched ridge, infra-clypeal plate prominent; wings very wide, entire; apex determinate; external margin regularly rounded. Labial palpi short. Legs slender and apparently unarmed. Eyes naked, unlashed. Abdomen hardly exceeding secondaries. Body untufted on the dorsal line. The type and only species is snow white, with a large, golden, metallic, trigonate, median patch on primaries above, leaving of median vein and a reddish stain near the base of the wing.

1. Poetica Gr. Arizona.

This is one of the prettiest moths allied to Plusia in our fauna.

This paper is the result of my studies upon Mr. Neumoegen's collection, commenced last autumn, but interrupted and delayed by my bad health.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THECLA FROM FLORIDA
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Thecla Wittfeldii.

Male—Expands 1.5 inch.

Upper side black-brown; primaries have a large oval stigma; secondaries have the edge of hind margin on posterior half pale metallic blue; a large fulvous spot in second median interspace over a black spot on the margin; two tails, the posterior one very long, measuring .24 inch on anterior side, the other .1 inch; black, tipped with white; fringes of primaries fuscous, of secondaries same to upper median nervule, then white, and next anal angle, long, brown, with a whitish line running through them.
NOTES ON SOLPUGIDÆ
Authors: Wright W. G.
Published: February 2010

My first Solpuga was found under a clod of hard earth, which I overturned in search of spiders. Upon being uncovered, it reared its palpi aloft with a menacing motion, and backing down as closely as possible into a little depression, stood motionless till captured. This was in August, 1882. The specimen is apparently a ♀, Datrines constricta, of medium size. The head and mandibles conform closely to the figure of that species, but it differs materially from the letter-press description of Constricta; as to the other parts.
POLENTA, SCOLECOCAMPA AND EUCALYPTERA
Authors: Smith John B.
Published: February 2010

In my synopsis of the genera of the Noctudiœ I placed Polenta, Morr., in a section with the anterior tibia unarmed at tip, and Eucalyptera, Morr., I retained as distinct from Scolecocampa, Gn., the genera coming into different sections by the form of the palpi, and no particular comparisons being made, because I considered the genera so widely distinct that there was no possible chance of confounding them. On this account I have been criticised by Mr. Grote, and attention has been called in the case of Polenta to the fact that a specimen in Mr. Neumoegen's collection had a claw terminating the anterior tibia, and that, therefore, I had inexcusably overlooked an important and obvious structural character. With all due deference to Mr. Grote, I think the mistake is not on my side; of Polenta I saw Mr. Morrison's type and three other specimens; these I carefully re-examined, after reading Mr. Grote's strictures, and not a single one of the specimens has any trace of armature at the tip of the anterior tibia. That Mr. Grote has seen a claw terminating the anterior tibia of an insect labelled Polenta Tepperi, Morr., it would be folly for me to dispute. That the insect is correctly determined I may be permitted to doubt, for it is scarcely possible that on all of the specimens I have examined the claw was so broken off as to leave no trace. I believe, therefore, that I was right, and that Mr. Morrison's generic diagnosis in this particular was correct.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, FOUND IN BRITISH AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Upper side dark fulvous, the base of primalies largely black, of secondaries still more, the black area extending to middle of disk, effacing all markings; the spots of both wings outside the basal area as in Chariclea, but the narrow spots on primaries are unusually large, with ragged edges, and the mesial band is heavy and diffused; on secondaries this band is lost in the black ground.

Under side of primaries nearly as in Chariclea, but there is scarcely any yellow at apex or along hind margin, all this area being deep red; a few yellow scales only at apex and in middle of the marginal interspaces, to represent the spots and patches of Chariclea; the submarginal lunules almost lost in the red ground.
OBSERVATIONS ON LIMENITIS ARTHEMIS
Authors: Heustis C. E.
Published: February 2010

I was much interested in an article in Vol. xiii. of the Canadian Entomologist, by Mr. W. H. Edwards, entitled. “Is Limenitis arthemis double-brooded?” My own observations previous to the time of reading the article were confirmatory of Mr. Edwards' theory; but I wished to learn more of this interesting species before hazarding any remarks concerning its habits.

I have never reared or attempted to rear arthemis from the egg, but have one specimen obtained from a full-fed larva found on the 2nd July, 1877. It went into chrysalis on the 3rd, and the imago appeared on the 16th, I have seen fresh looking specimens on 1st July, when enjoying, with other citizens, “Dominion Day” in the country. Later than this I have not seen a fresh specimen, excepting the example before recorded.
ON VALGUS CANALICULATUS AND SQUAMIGER: ELLESCHUS BIPUNCTATUS, XYLORYCTES SATYRUS
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Valgus canaliculatus Fab. and V. squamiger Beauv., have, so far as I am aware, escaped the notice of American writers on Coleeptera, except that it is mentioned in the U. S. Agricultural Report for 1868, p. 90, that V. squamiger was found in great numbers in January, in Maryland, under the bark and in the rotten wood of a pine stump; and that Fitch gave some account of it, under the name seticollis, in his report for 1857, p. 695, which I have not seen.
CITHERONIA REGALIS, Hubner
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

In a late number of this journal, Mr. Hamilton makes some criticisms upon an article contributed by me to the January number, having reference to the transformations of this moth. That article was prepared having regard, as a matter of course, to the climate of this locality, and as the specimens referred to were developed in the one season, the question of variation of temperature was not under consideration. That the transformation of the pupa can be furthered or delayed by atmospheric conditions, is well established; a warm room developing the imago at an earlier period than natural, and an ice-house holding it in check over one season, to be developed when restored to the climatic influence of another. My point was, from facts ascertained by rearing in confinement, with surroundings as near natural as possible, that the period of pupation, whether early or 1ate, did not create an earlier or later development of the imago, which commonly occurred at the end of May. The history of the transformation of this moth under natural conditions, would be more satisfactory than that which results from rearing in confinement, and I regret that my town residence in winter denies me this study. That extraordinary seasons further or hinder the advent of insects, is undoubtedly true, but as a general rule their time-table is quite as exact as the migratory birds.
THE ASH SAW-FLY (Selandria barda Say)
Authors: Osborne Herbert
Published: February 2010

During the summer of 1882 a few of the ash trees on the college lawn became infested with a Saw-fly worm which for a few days threatened to be quite serious. I made a few trials of London purple on the trees most seriously infested, but before I had gained results from many trees or had completed a study of the larvæ, they suddenly disappeared. So far as my experiments went they showed the London Purple to be a successful remedy and as applicable to these worms as to any of the Saw-Fly group. No adults were observed, and none of the larvæ I had under my observation matured; so the matter necessarily came to a rest.
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECT OF COLD APPLIED TO THE CHRYSALIDS OF BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

In Can. Ent., vii., p. 236-240, I gave an account of experiments with P. Ajax, placing the chrysalids on ice. In vol. ix., 4 and 203, of Ajax, P. Tharos and L. Pseudargiolus. In Psyche, iii., 6 and 15, these were all brought together, and additional observations on G. Interrogationis were given; also p. 174, on L. Disippus. In the case of the seasonally-dimorphic Ajax, the conclusion was reached, Psyche, iii., 18, that the longer the exposure the more decided the change, but changes had been produced at 11 to 30 days; at and under 8 days no change was perceptible. That 30° to 40° Far. seemed to be the proper temperature for the purpose. That the effect of the cold was to albinize the butterfly, the black area being constantly reduced.
GLAUCOPTERYX CUMATILIS AND MAGNOLIATA
Authors: Moffat J. Alston
Published: February 2010

Cumatilis, G. & R.

Color of front wings greenish white, with heavy black markings; in one light the whole front wing is suffused with a rich smoky brown, whilst in another it has a beautiful green gloss deepest in the centre. Hind wings brownish gray. Two specimens.

Magnoliata, Guen.

Color of front wings white with black and light gray markings. Five specimens, varying considerably from one another. Hind wings white, more or less pure.
NOTES ON THE ENTOMOLOGY OF VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: Taylor Geo. W.
Published: February 2010

Since I came to this island, a couple of seasons ago, I have made a practice of capturing any insects that came in my way, and I have sometimes made an expedition purposely in pursuit of such prey. The result is an accumulation of about one thousand species of all orders, which probably represents not more than five per cent. of our insect population.

As my favorite studies are in another department of Zoology, I have neither the inclination nor sufficient knowledge to work out all this material myself, but with the help of entomologicai friends, resident, alas! sadly, too far off, I am gradually making progress with the naming of my captures, and I propose, with your permission, to publish from time to time in the Canadian Entomologist, lists, with notes, of the species that have occurred to me. I hope that this will be both useful and interesting to Eastern entomologists, as I notice that hardly more than one half of the insects I have already identified are named in the recently published check list of Messrs. Brodie & White, and many of them will prove, I think, new to science.
SEASIDE CAPTURES
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

I visited Fire Island, Rockaway Beach, Long Beach and Coney Island during the seasons of 1883 and 1884. Found myriads of Cicindela hirticollis and dorsalis, Say. The beaches were fairly alive with these beetles. The hirticollis were most abundant in the latter part of June and early part of July, and dorsalis at the end of July and beginning of August. These beetles may be found throughout the length of these beaches. They have a singular habit of collecting in great numbers at certain points, where in spaces of about fifty feet square they are as numerous as flies about a stable. This was frequently observed, and so far as the general character of the beach and the surroundings were concerned there was nothing to favor the particular locality. My activity and success in taking these interesting hexapods at the seaside excited on many occasions the curiosity of some equally interesting bipeds, who, barefooted and wading through the surf, doubtless ridiculed my energy and thought me mad.
ELAPHIDION VILLOSUM, Fabr
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

There is in the study of Entomology a fascination and delight that captivates the imagination, and renders the enthusiast liable to construct theories based upon such slender foundations that they fail to reach the dignity of assured facts. This, I think, may be said of much that has been written concerning the habits of this beetle. The record which I have thought proper to make relates to veritable facts, but whether in the particular instance referred to they are to be regarded as extraordinary and not of common occurrence, may be a problem yet to be solved. I trust that in offering this paper I may not be thought presumptuous in differing with so distinguished Entomologists as Drs. Harris and Fitch, yet as my observations do not bear out the conclusions which they have reached, and apprehending that the best interests of the science are served by that record or enquiry which relates to the discovery of facts, I make no apology to these fathers in the science for transcribing in relation to this subject views somewhat dissimilar to theirs.
LARVA OF CHRYSOMELA CLIVICOLLIS, Kirby
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Length .30 of an inch; abdomen nearly globular, flattened beneath; head and thorax narrow. Head pale grayish yellow; thorax and abdomen pale gray, a dorsal blackish line on the abdomen and a transverse stripe of the same on the thorax. Stigmata black, legs pale, the articulations dark; two black spots on each side of the head. Body smooth, shinine, a few hairs on the anterior part.

Chrysalis.—Length .40 of an inch; thorax, wing and leg cases rose pink, as also the under side of abdomen; upper side of abdomen pinkish gray with a dorsal pink line. Stigmata black. Each joint of abdomen has a transverse row of black points on its posterior edge.
NOTES ON APATELODES ANGELICA, Grote
Authors: Moffat J. Alston
Published: February 2010

Being on a visit to Ridgeway in July, 1882, when out one day with Mr. Kilman on a hunt, as I beat a high branch for beetles, a large moth new to me dropped into my umbrella. Having secured it in my poison bottle and remarked that I must now find its mate, another stroke, and sure enough, I got it. I took a third at that time sitting on the trunk of a tree, which I left with Mr. Kilman. The following season he took one or two, and last spring he found some cdhrysalids under moss, from which he raised a pair. On visiting Prof. Kellicott, of Buffalo, Mr. Kilman left with him an example, that he might obtain its name. Mr. Kilman now writes to me that Prof. Kellicott has identified it as the Apatelodes angelica of Grote's Check List, with hyalinopunctata Pack as a synonym, which latter name would have been more appropriate. Prof. Kellicott conveys the information that it is described and figured in the Proc. of the Ent. Soc. of Phil., iii., 322, plate iv., fig. 1. It is quite a fine moth.
NOTES ON AN UNDETERMINED LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVA
Authors: Eliot Ida M. , Soule Caroline G.
Published: February 2010

We have found a caterpillar which lve cannot identify, nor can any one to whom we have shown the description and a water-color drawing.

“Papilio,” Vol. iii., No. I., p. 14, has a description which is nearest it, but is not exactly like our larva, as ours has no tufts.

Our first specimeu was found Sept. 12th, 1883, and our last one Aug. 13th, 1886. Between these we have three others; all of them pupated, but none emerged.

The larva is 1½ inches long; the head is brownish-green with a whitish bloom over it; mouth parts dark; no marks or hairs.
NOTES OF 1885 ON SOME INJURIOUS AND OTHER COMMON INSECTS
Authors: Jack John G.
Published: February 2010

The past season was remarkable, in our locality, for the general scarcity of diurnal Lepidoptera, and also of many of the Coleoptera, especially among the Scarabeidæ, Cerambycidæ and Buprestidæ. Many species of these, usually plentiful, seemed rare this year, and even Lachnosterna fusca was not nearly so abundant or injurious as it is generally. Perhaps, with the exception of Colias philodice, the most common butterfly was D. archippus, which I have never seen so common. I do not think I saw a single specimen of P. cardui, although it was very abundant last year. Pieris rapœ was less numerous and appears to be decreasing in numbers every year, largely owing, no doubt, to the attacks of the parasite Pteromalus puparum. The birds also, especially the Fly-catchers, do not get full credit for the good work they do. Insects of all other orders seemed to be about as abundant as usual, and several species proved to be more than usually numerous and destructive.
NOTES ON THE LARVÆ OF HARRISIMEMNA SEXGUTTATA, Harr
Authors: Goodhue Charles F.
Published: February 2010

During August and September the larvæ of this fine moth are often seen feeding on the lilac. When full grown it is of peculiar shape and markings, and taken altogether, a hideous looking object, and one which few people besides an entomologist would care to have anything to do with.

Mature larva, 1.75 inches long.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF SATYRUS CHARON, Edw
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Conoidal, somewhat rounded at base; truncated, nearly flat, a very little convex, at top; the sides a little convex, and marked by about twenty-two sharp vertical ridges, which start from edge of base and end at rim of summit, the spaces between these ridges deeply and roundly excavated; the summit is covered with shallow cells, irregularly five and six-sided, in four rows, not concentric, but somewhat spiral, about a central rosette of rhomboids. Very like the egg of Alope, but there are a greater number of flutings on sides. Color lemon-yellow. Duration of this stage about 12 days.
ELAPHIDION VILLOSUM, Fab
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

The account of this insect given by the early fathers of Œconomic Entomology is so charming that it seems almost profane to disturb a history accepted by most of their credulous offspring with unquestioning faith. Its wonderful habits and spura-rational instincts have been stock in trade ever since, and, like the fiction of the fly walking on glass by a sucker arrangement of its feet, is likely to hold its place in paste and scissor literature for all time to come.
NOTE ON HEMARIS UNIFORMIS AND ARCTIA SAUNDERSII
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

I have sufficiently shown in various places (and the enquiring student may consult the originals) that Kirby's description of Ruficaudis contradicts that of Uniformis, in what we must regard as essential partiuclars in this genus. We have not here to do with a species; but, according to Mr. Hulst's statements, with a dimorphic form of Thysbe, in which the inner margin of the terminal band of primaries is even, not dentate, on the interspaces.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN CHALCIDIDÆ
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

(1) Asthichus arizonensis n. sp.

♂. Length .04 inch. Steel blue, finely scaly, with a slight metallic tinge on thorax; the knees and tarsi white. Antennæ dark blue, the funicle joints excised, pedunculated, with whorls of very long hairs. Wings hyaline; veins pale, the marginal vein very long.

Hab.—Arizona.
THE ORIGIN OF ORNAMENTATION IN THE LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Elsewhere I have ventured to call attention to the interesting chapter in Mr. Scudder's book on Butterflies, in which the theory as to the primitive pattern of ornamentation is given. By this we are told that the complex patterns, the seemingly chiselled lines and the eye-like spots, arose from simple transverse shade bands running parallel to the outer margins of the wings themselves. Such bands we yet find on the wings of many Owlet Moths.
CEYLON BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Scudder Samuel. H.
Published: February 2010

The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, by F. Moore, F.Z.S., Vol. I., (published under the special patronage of the Government of Ceylon) London, L., Reeve ' Co., 1880–81. 4°.

The butterflies of the East India region apper to be now in a fair way of receiving their due share of attention. We have already called attention to Distant's invaluable work on the Malayan butteflies, and to the handbook to the butteflies of India and Burmah, by Marshall and De Nicéville. On many accounts neither ofthese is so important as the earlier work on the Lepidoptera of Ceylon by Frederick Moore, Which we desire to introduce to the readers of the Canadian Entomologist, principally on account of the very considerable accession to our knowledge of the eariler stages of eastern butterflies which is here given in the plates, and also to draw attention to the notes on the natural history of the insects given by Dr. Thwantes, which are emboided in the text.
THE HESSIAN FLY AN IMPORTED INSECT
Authors: Riley C. V.
Published: February 2010

As the readers of the Canadian Entomologistare aware Dr. H. A. Hagen has argued at length to the effect that the Hessian Fly was, first not imported by the Hessian troops; secondly, that it was not imported from Europe at all, and that it is an indegenous North American insect. In the Third Report of the U.S. Entomological Commission, Dr. Packard has an extended article upon the Hessian Fly, and while he alone is responsible for the general position there taken on this subject, we discussed the matter together, and the views there presented are substantially those which I held at the time, as it was Dr. Packard's desire to arrive at an impartial judgement.
PARASITES ON DANAIS ARCHIPPUS AND ANTHOMYIA RAPHANI
Authors: Gillette C. P.
Published: February 2010

I am not aware that any parasites have ever been reported as attacking the larvæ of Danais archippus of the maggots of Anthomyia raphani. However that may be, it will be interest to the readers of the Entomologist to know that last fall I obtained from a single chrysalis of D. archippus over fifty speciments of a new species of Pteromalus. The parasites came forth September 13, the chrysalis having been brought into the laboratory a few days before, and inclosed with a bell-jar. Specimens were sent to Mr. L.O. Howard, who has since described the species and given it the name of Pteromalus archippi.
LIST OF THE SPIDERS, MYRIOPODS AND INSECTS OF LABRADOR
Authors: Packard A. S.
Published: February 2010

A list of all the known species of terrestrial Arthropods of the Labrador coast may prove convenient as a starting point for future investigations. Hence I have, besides enumerationg the species of ohter groups, revised the list of Lepidoptera—Mr. Sucdder kindly contributing the list of butterflies. For changes in the names of the Torticidæ I am indebted to Prof. C.H. Fernald's excellent catalogue of the Torticidæ of the United States.
DESCRIPTION OF TWO LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Beutenmuller W. M.
Published: February 2010

Botis magistralis, Grote.

Head pale brown, smooth, shining; mouth parts dark brown; cervical shield brown, divided in the middle by the color of the body, which is translucent greenish-white; along the dorsal region two rows of shining pale brown piliferous spots, four on each segment, those on the first segment darker in color. All the spots bear a short light brown hair. Thoracic feet, abdominal and anal legs concolorous with the body. Length 30 mm. Lives singly on Clethra alnifolia, in a number of leaves fastened together with silken threads. Pupated July 6th. Imagos emerged July 17th and 18th.
JOHN ABBOT, THE AURELIAN
Authors: Scudder Samuel. H.
Published: February 2010

It has been a fortunate thing for the study of butteflies in this country that the earlier students were those who devoted themselves very largely to the natural history of these insects rather than to their systematic or descriptive study. It was indeed a natural and healty result of the proverty of extrenal resources in earlier times; and I have though that it would not be devoid of interest to present a few facts concerning the life and iindustry of one of these earlier naturalists, who worked to such good purpose and accomplished so much, under circumstances that would now seem very forbidding.
CHARACTERS OF PROTECTION AND DEFENCE IN INSECTS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

A few years since I described a colony of Spanner caterpillars (Geometridœ) belonging to an undeterminded species, and the description appeared afterwards in this journal. These larvæ were remarkable for their mimicry, in color and shape and attitude, of dead leaves. There could be no question that they belonged to the category of protective appearance, to which so many green and brown tinted larvæ belong, which share these “cosmical color.s”
THE ORANGE SPOT IN NATHALIS IOLE, Bdw
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

On November 1st, 1887, I took in this locality (Swift Creek, near West Cliff,) an example of Nathalis iole, and was thereby led to examine its characters. The general colour of the upperside of this insect is pale yellow. The primaries are marked with pale black (if one may use such a term,) after teh manner described in the text books, and the upper margins of the secondaries also present a black patch, covering the area which is normally overlapped by the primaries.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANTHOCHARIS
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Anthocharis Pima

Male—Expands 1.75 inch.

Upper side yellow; the bases of wings dusted black; primaries have the basal half of costa white, crossed by dark brown streaks; the apex also edged white on both margins, and next this is series of five large, elongated, dark brown spots, almost confluent, filling the interspaces to second medium nervule, each sending a narrow projection to the margin; on the arc of black rectangular bar, the area between this and the apical spots and costal edge orange; fringes whitish; a few blackish hairs at the end of eacch nervule on secondaries.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BOMBYCIDÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

We have seen, Can. Ent., xix., p.156 et seq., that the Bombycidæ, or Spinner Moths, are characterized, as a whole, by their short, pecitnate antennæ, ample, velvety wings, thich bodies, small heads and sluggish habit, while the pupa is usually contained in a cocoon made by the caterpillar in its last stage. To almost all these characters the sub family groups offer exceptions, and we have seen that while Dr. Packard follows the tradition of Harris, Latreille and Linneaus, modern German writers break up the family into independent groups limited by structural features taken from the imago.
ON THE CHALCIDEOUS TRIBE CHIROPACHIDES
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

Below I give an analytical table for recoginzing the genera in the tribe Chriopachides Thomspn. It will be seen that I have placed in this group the genus Schizonotus Ratzburg, which Dr. Arnold Foerster, in his Hymenopterologische Studien (1856), says is identical with Seladeram Walker, an opinion in which I cannot concur, my type of Schzonotus Siebaldi Ratz not agreeing at all with Walker's definition; also the genera Mesopolobus and Platymesopus Westwood, which were subpressed by Walker and other authorities, and placed in the genus Pteromalus; they agree in all essential characters with this group, the anterior femora being very similar to Chiropachys, the type of the tribe.
CAN INSECTS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RED AND YELLOW?
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

In this neighborhood (Custer Co., Colorado,) one very frequently finds a yellow spider of the genus Thomisus or allied thereto, seated in the middle of the umbels Ligusticum montanum Benth and Hook., and on other yellow flowers. This spider, so seated, has nothing to cover it from direct observation, and from its size and colour would be conspicuous enough elsewhere; but on the yellow flowe, sitting in the depression in the centre of the umbel, it is quite invisible unless specially looked for.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BOMBYCIDÆ.
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

A study of the American genus Lagoa in its various stages of growth shows a manifest approach to the present group, so that we are warranted in following the Dasychirinœ with the Cochliinœ. This sub-family is remarkable for its peculiar larvæ, called “slug caterpillars” or “saddlebacks.” The first name is given on account of their snail-like appearance, the form being elliptical or oval, the false feet replaced by swellings on the abdominal segments, so that the larva lies flat and close tothe leaf. The head is also retractille.
THE CHALCID GENUS RILEYA
Authors: Howard L. O.
Published: February 2010

An interesting interference in the adoption of the generic name Rileya has recently taken place between Mr.Ashmead and myself, and as I am of the opinion that this name should apply to the genus of Encyrtinæ defined by myself, rather than to the genus of Eurytominæ defined by Mr. Ashmead, I state in this note the circumstances of the interference, and print in full the paper in which my description occurred.
AN EXTREME CASE OF SEASONAL DIMORPHISM IN COLIAS
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

It was thought strange when it was proved that Colias Keeivaydin and C. eurytheme were seasonal forms of a single species. Still stranger did it seem when Mr. W. H. Edwards proved by breeding that C. eriphyle (alias Hagenii) was also a form of eurytheme, but even after this I was not quite prepared for the conclusiton, forcced upon me by irresistible facts, that in this locality the orange and yellow forms were not only of one species, but actually alternated seasonally, the former being the summer, and the latter the winter form.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ORTHESIA FROM CALIFORNIA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

In a collection of Hemiptera sent me some time since for identification, were two male specimens of a coccid, and a single white waxy sac, from which one had issued, attached to the upper surface of a small, oval leaf, which at the time, from a supeficial examination, I took to be a mealy bug, Dactylopius longifilis Comstock; but recently on a more careful examination I find to be a species of that interseting genus Orthesia Bosc.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF COLIAS CAESONIA, Stoll
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Fusiform thick in middle, tapering to a small rounded summit; marked by about 18 longitudianl ribs, these being low, narrow, the spaces between flat and crossed by many fine ridges. Color yellow-green. Duration of this stage about four days.