bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beware of Pity: Stefan Zweig and the Fate of Narrative Empathy under Surveillance
Authors: Ridge Emily
Published: August 2019

In the epigraph to his 1939 novel Beware of Pity, Stefan Zweig distinguishes between a form of “unsentimental but creative” empathy and a mode of “weak-minded, sentimental pity” that serves only as a “way of defending yourself against someone else's pain.” Focusing on Beware of Pity as well as The Post Office Girl and Chess, this article interprets Zweig's epigraph as a commentary on narrative as well as interpersonal forms of engagement, centered upon his conception of the relationship between author/narrator and suffering protagonist. Drawing on the work of David Rosen and Aaron Santesso, it further posits “empathetic surveillance” as a figure through which to assess this relationship, because Zweig can frequently be found to experiment with narrative distance and observation where the scene of suffering is concerned. His late writing demonstrates an attempt to work through his own conflicting wartime experiences of fellow feeling, but it also offers a sustained reflection on the implications of a broader crisis in empathy on a narrative level around the Second World War. The article characterizes Zweig's particular approach to narrative empathy in terms of an “empathic realism,” which can be defined both against what Meghan Marie Hammond has recently called “empathic modernism” and in contradistinction to nineteenth-century “sympathetic realism.” Poised between pre- and postwar outlooks, his work provides valuable insights on the changing contours of empathetic authorship across the twentieth century.
Bothering to Believe: Acts of Faith in J. M. Coetzee's Late Novels
Authors: Googasian Victoria
Published: August 2019

J. M. Coetzee's late fictions display a recurrent fascination with attitudes of faith and belief. This preoccupation has been read sometimes as an effort to reinvigorate the novel's engagement with materiality and embodied life, other times as an elegy to the waning power of belief in fiction. But belief is not a monolithic term in Coetzee's late work, nor does his disposition toward it remain static. This article examines two texts that display a related yet evolving concern with faith and belief—Elizabeth Costello (2003) and The Childhood of Jesus (2013). These works not only share a thematic interest in various forms of belief; they are also linked by the scene of a petitioner “at the gate.” In the final lesson of the earlier novel, aging novelist Elizabeth Costello finds herself in a purgatorial border town, where she must produce a statement of belief in order to pass on. In the opening paragraphs of Childhood, the characters arrive on the other side of a similar portal, entering a world whose institutions reject belief as a form of unreasoned, passionate commitment. Where Costello refuses the institutional demand for belief, insisting that belief in fiction is incompatible with the stronger form of commitment in excess of reason, Childhood's characters attempt a reconciliation between reading and believing. Read together, these texts present an apocalyptic vision of the novel after the end of formal realism, when readerly belief requires more than a weak trust in fiction's mimetic capacities.
De novo genesis of retinal ganglion cells by targeted expression of Klf4 in vivo
Authors: Rocha-Martins Maurício , de Toledo Beatriz C. , Santos-França Pedro L. , Oliveira-Valença Viviane M. , Vieira-Vieira Carlos H. , Matos-Rodrigues Gabriel E. , Linden Rafael , Norden Caren , Martins Rodrigo A. P. , Silveira Mariana S.
Published: August 2019

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a hallmark of glaucoma, the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness. Thus, therapeutic strategies are needed to protect and replace these projection neurons. One innovative approach is to promote de novo genesis of RGCs via manipulation of endogenous cell sources. Here, we demonstrate that the pluripotency regulator gene Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is sufficient to change the potency of lineage-restricted retinal progenitor cells to generate RGCs in vivo. Transcriptome analysis disclosed that the overexpression of Klf4 induces crucial regulators of RGC competence and specification, including Atoh7 and Eya2. In contrast, loss-of-function studies in mice and zebrafish demonstrated that Klf4 is not essential for generation or differentiation of RGCs during retinogenesis. Nevertheless, induced RGCs (iRGCs) generated upon Klf4 overexpression migrate to the proper layer and project axons aligned with endogenous fascicles that reach the optic nerve head. Notably, iRGCs survive for up to 30 days after in vivo generation. We identified Klf4 as a promising candidate for reprogramming retinal cells and regenerating RGCs in the retina.
seqCAT: a Bioconductor R-package for variant analysis of high throughput sequencing data
Authors: Fasterius Erik , Al-Khalili Szigyarto Cristina
Published: August 2019

High throughput sequencing technologies are flourishing in the biological sciences, enabling unprecedented insights into e.g. genetic variation, but require extensive bioinformatic expertise for the analysis. There is thus a need for simple yet effective software that can analyse both existing and novel data, providing interpretable biological results with little bioinformatic prowess. We present seqCAT, a Bioconductor toolkit for analysing genetic variation in high throughput sequencing data. It is a highly accessible, easy-to-use and well-documented R-package that enables a wide range of researchers to analyse their own and publicly available data, providing biologically relevant conclusions and publication-ready figures. SeqCAT can provide information regarding genetic similarities between an arbitrary number of samples, validate specific variants as well as define functionally similar variant groups for further downstream analyses. Its ease of use, installation, complete data-to-conclusions functionality and the inherent flexibility of the R programming language make seqCAT a powerful tool for variant analyses compared to already existing solutions. A publicly available dataset of liver cancer-derived organoids is analysed herein using the seqCAT package, corroborating the original authors' conclusions that the organoids are genetically stable. A previously known liver cancer-related mutation is additionally shown to be present in a sample though it was not listed in the original publication. Differences between DNA- and RNA-based variant calls in this dataset are also analysed revealing a high median concordance of 97.5%. SeqCAT is an open source software under a MIT licence available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/seqCAT.html.
Pseudo-symmetric structures on almost Kenmotsu manifolds with nullity distributions
Authors: De U. C. , Dey Dibakar
Published: August 2019

The object of the present paper is to characterize Ricci pseudosymmetric and Ricci semisymmetric almost Kenmotsu manifolds with (k; μ)-, (k; μ)′-, and generalized (k; μ)-nullity distributions. We also characterize (k; μ)-almost Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying the condition R ⋅ S = LꜱQ(g; S2).
Some Hermite–Hadamard and Ostrowski type inequalities for fractional integral operators with exponential kernel
Authors: Budak Hüseyin , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki , Usta Fuat , Yildirim Hüseyin
Published: August 2019

We rstly establish Hermite–Hadamard type integral inequalities for fractional integral operators. Secondly, we give new generalizations of fractional Ostrowski type inequalities through convex functions via Hölder and power means inequalities. In accordance with this purpose, we use fractional integral operators with exponential kernel.
Natural vibrations of stepped nanobeams with defects
Authors: Lellep Jaan , Lenbaum Artur
Published: August 2019

Exact solutions for the transverse vibration of nanobeams based on the nonlocal theory of elasticity are presented. The nanobeams under consideration have piecewise constant dimensions of cross sections and are weakened with crack-like defects. It is assumed that the stationary cracks occur at the re-entrant corners of steps and that the mechanical behaviour of the nanomaterial can be modelled with the Eringen's nonlocal theory. The influence of cracks on the natural vibration is prescribed with the aid of additional local compliance at the weakened cross section. The local compliance is coupled with the stress intensity factor at the crack tip. A general algorithm for determination of eigenfrequencies is developed. It can be used in the case of an arbitrary finite number of steps and cracks.
Good and bad
Authors: McCormack Andy
Published: August 2019

The good, the bad and the ugly: what picturebooks teach children about beauty and self-worth. By Andy McCormack
An essential guide to… interactions
Authors: Ouvry Marjorie
Published: August 2019

Marjorie Ouvry explains ‘The 6 As of behaviour management and interaction’, her guide to getting the most out of interactions with young children
Systemic experiential learning model for the evaluation of technological learning: The case of small satellite capability-building in Algeria
Authors: Ayad Ahmed , Wilkinson Edith , Matthews Ron
Published: August 2019

This article proposes a ‘systemic experiential learning model’ for the evaluation of technological learning. Technological learning is effective when combining learning by doing, by searching and by interacting. The proposed model is based on parallels drawn between the typology – learning by doing, by searching and by interacting – and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory through its cyclical combination of action and reflection. It argues that learners, whether they be individuals, groups, organizations or inter-organizations, are more effective when completing Kolb-like cycles. The proposed model is the combination of horizontal and vertical processes. Each learning level (individual, group, organization or inter-organization) is modelled, horizontally, according to a Kolb-like learning cycle. Vertical connections are made between the horizontal levels of aggregation by borrowing March’s concepts of exploration and exploitation. The model has been used for the evaluation of learning occurring in the Algerian small satellite capability-building programme. The implementation of the model revealed that learning is not systemic and therefore ineffective. Findings are reflective of the difficulty of striking the right balance between action (learning by doing) and reflection (learning by searching) and densifying interactions (learning by interacting) within and between learning levels.
URGENSI GOOD JUDICIARY GOVERNANCE PADA PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI LEMBAGA PENGADILAN KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI JAMINAN BAGI AKSES PUBLIK UNTUK MEMPEROLEH KEADILAN
Authors: Adiyanta F.C. Susila
Published: August 2019

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (MKRI) berfungsi menjaga tegaknya prinsip konstitusionalitas hukum di Indonesia dan mempunyai kewajiban dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sesuai dengan bidang yang menjadi kewenangannya. Akses individu dan publik untuk memperoleh keadilan seringkali berhadapan dengan kekuatan-kekuatan yang memiliki kapasitas sosial, budaya, politik dan ekonomi yang tidak seimbang  bahkan menghasilkan putusan pengadilan yang mencederai nilai-nilai keadilan. Artikel ini akan membahas unsur utama dan tolok ukur layanan Administrasi Peradilan bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh akses kepada keadilan dalam peradilan formal, khususnya Mahkamah Konstitusi. Adapun rekomendasi pada artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan akses keadilan pada masyarakat di arena yudisial, dari perspektif hukum dan tata pemerintahan. Paling utama dan penting untuk dilakukan dalam bentuk tindakan dan pelayanan administrasi tidak hanya sebagai ajudikasi, tetapi juga untuk mensosialisasikan dan menegakkan peraturan.
Utilizing the Consensual Assessment Technique to Compare Creativity in Drama Spaces
Authors: Phonethibsavads Anthony , Bender Sophia , Peppler Kylie
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study examines the validity of Amabile’s (1982) consensual assessment technique in measuring creativity in a warm-up activity in fourth-grade drama classrooms and compares the scores between warm-ups occurring in a blackbox theater setting (experimental) vs. a traditional classroom (control). Method: Four professional actors viewed 60 clips of children’s drama warm-ups and scored for creativity, using a 5-point scale. After establishing sufficient inter-rater reliability (IRR), we used the average scores of the raters to compare creativity between the experimental and control groups. Results: The raters demonstrated high agreement, with a coefficient alpha estimate of .819. An independent samples t-test between the experimental and control groups was significant at p < .001, with the experimental group receiving higher scores. Conclusions: The results suggested that creativity was significantly higher in the experimental group, and the context correlated with creativity, despite neither group having yet received drama instruction at that time. This paper presents discussions about validity, opinions of the raters, possible implications for the activity itself, and possible effect of setting on creativity.
Shaping Strömsö: Examining Elements in a Creative Process for the Design of New Television Content
Authors: Shepard Aubra C. , Morney Elisabeth , Sumners Sarah E.
Published: August 2019

This paper explores elements in the creative process of the development of a new television format from both practice and research-based perspectives. We compare and integrate findings from an unpublished case study of the popular Finnish lifestyle television program,Strömsö, with the broad research literature on creativity. Through this lens, fourteen elements, which were identified through this case study to be present in the creation ofStrömsö, are explored and contextualized with examples from the show’s creation. These elements were: 1) idea, 2) analyze, 3) brainstorm, 4) research, 5) benchmark, 6) toss ideas, 7) temporary input, 8) inspiration from an unexpected source, 9) rest, 10) formulate, 11) concretize, 12) pilot, 13) make mistakes, and 14) chaos. Research on multiple subtopics related to creativity is utilized to illustrate how knowledge gained through the academic literature can be integrated with these findings to provide possible guidance for practice. In doing so, we show how diverse epistemological and methodological approaches to examining the same phenomena can bolster insight and understanding for researchers and practitioners alike. Researchers will be able to note how topics that they are familiar with manifested in a practical setting, and non-academic professionals involved in creating content for television and new media will be introduced to theory and research that may aid in their creative endeavors. We intend this manuscript to provide useful information to such professionals and inspire additional research in the academic community.
Processes Stimulating Dynamic Cooperation in Female Art Groups. A Qualitative Research Report
Authors: Sasin Magdalena , Sass Tamara , Modrzejewska-Świgulska Monika
Published: August 2019

The subject of the article is the activity of female artistic groups, with a particular focus on development and its dynamics. The aim of the research was to reconstruct the experiences and meanings that professional artists attribute to functioning in such groups. The analysis of the activities of such groups is part of the study of the environmental aspect of creativity. For the purposes of the article, qualitative research was conducted using the technique of free interviews with representatives of four artistic groups representing fine arts, cooperating in Łodz/Poland. The artists represent different generations.
Education and Creativity-Reflection After the Turn of the Century
Authors: Nalaskowski Aleksander
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with social and family conditions for the development of creative thinking. It is a voice in the dispute between supporters of the view that creative thinking is inherited and supporters of the thesis that it is shaped socially and within the process of education. The author presents an argument for the role of childhood and the mother in shaping creative predispositions. An attempt at polemics with concepts such as the “creative school” or the “creative teacher” is made.
Severe apathy due to injury of prefronto-caudate tract
Authors: Ho Jang Sung , Gyu Kwon Hyeok
Published: August 2019

The caudate nucleus, which is vulnerable to hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HI-BI), is important to cognitive function because it is connected to the prefrontal cortex. Using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), no study on injury of the prefronto-caudate tract in a patient with HI-BI has been reported so far. Here, we report a patient with severe apathy who showed injury of the prefronto-caudate tract following HI-BI, which was demonstrated by DTT. A 38-year-old female patient suffered HI-BI induced by carbon monoxide poisoning following attempted suicide for a period of approximately four hours. From the onset, the patient showed severe apathy (7 months after onset-the Apathy Scale score was 24 [full score: 42]). Brain MR images taken at seven months after onset showed no abnormality. On 7-month DTT, the neural connectivity of the caudate nucleus to the medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area: 10 and 12) and orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area: 11 and 13) was decreased in both hemispheres. Using DTT, injury of the prefronto-caudate tract was demonstrated in a patient who showed severe apathy following HI-BI. We believe that injury of the prefronto-caudate tract might be a pathogenetic mechanism of apathy in patients with HI-BI.
Foraging, farming and village formation in the American Southwest
Authors: Preucel Robert W.
Published: August 2019

Over 30 years ago, Paul Minnis (1985) proposed the distinction between ‘pristine domestication’ and ‘primary crop acquisition’. The former refers to the initial domestication of wild plant resources and is characterised by only a dozen or so places in the world, most notably China, the Near East and Mesoamerica. The latter refers to the local integration of crops that were domesticated elsewhere and is the more common process. The American Southwest, here defined as the U.S. states of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, and the Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua, is a classic case of primary crop acquisition. Cultigens, first maize and then squash and beans, originally domesticated in Mesoamerica, were brought north by immigrant groups who joined with local hunter-gatherer communities. The introduction of these cultigens did not initiate major immediate changes in ecological or social relationships, instead the shift to agriculture as the central subsistence practice took millennia. Just why this is the case continues to be hotly debated. The two volumes under review offer new data and valuable syntheses relevant to scholars interested in the interrelationships between the adoption of cultigens, mixed mobility strategies, and trade and exchange relationships.
miRNA-155 silencing reduces sciatic nerve injury in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Chen Ji , Li Chao , Liu Wenjie , Yan Bin , Hu Xiaoling , Yang Fengrui
Published: August 2019

Neuropathic pain represents one of the most common complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) that impacts quality of life. Accumulating studies have highlighted the involvement of miRNAs in DM. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-155 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In vitro DPN models were established using rat Schwann cells (SCs) by treatment with 5.5 mM glucose. Gain- or loss-of-function studies were conducted to determine the effect of miR-155 on Nrf2, cellular function, reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Rat DNP models were established by streptozotocin injection and damage of sciatic nerve. Next, miR-155 antagomir or agomir was employed to investigate the effects associated with miR-155 on motor and sciatic nerve conduction velocity (MNCV, SNCV), angiogenesis and inflammatory response in vivo. Nrf2 was identified to be a target of miR-155 by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Silencing of miR-155 or restoration of Nrf2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and alleviated inflammation in vitro. miR-155 antagomir-induced inhibition increased MNCV and SNCV, strengthened angiogenesis and alleviated inflammation in DPN rats. Additionally, the effects exerted by miR-155 were reversed when Nrf2 was restored both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the key findings of our study provide evidence indicating that miR-155 targeted and suppressed Nrf2 in DPN. miR-155 silencing was found to alleviate sciatic nerve injury in DPN, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for DPN.
GPCR transactivation signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Mohamed Raafat , Janke Reearna , Guo Wanru , Cao Yingnan , Zhou Ying , Zheng Wenhua , Babaahmadi-Rezaei Hossein , Xu Suowen , Kamato Danielle , Little Peter J
Published: August 2019

The discovery and extension of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transactivation-dependent signalling has enormously broadened the GPCR signalling paradigm. GPCRs can transactivate protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKRs) and serine/threonine kinase receptors (S/TKRs), notably the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1), respectively. Initial comprehensive mechanistic studies suggest that these two transactivation pathways are distinct. Currently, there is a focus on GPCR inhibitors as drug targets, and they have proven to be efficacious in vascular diseases. With the broadening of GPCR transactivation signalling, it is therefore important from a therapeutic perspective to find a common transactivation pathway of EGFR and TGFBR1 that can be targeted to inhibit complex pathologies activated by the combined action of these receptors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules and they act as second messengers, thus modulating cellular signal transduction pathways. ROS are involved in different mechanisms of GPCR transactivation of EGFR. However, the role of ROS in GPCR transactivation of TGFBR1 has not yet been studied. In this review, we will discuss the involvement of ROS in GPCR transactivation-dependent signalling.
MicroRNAs orchestrating senescence of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Colpani Ornella , Spinetti Gaia
Published: August 2019

During organism aging, the process of cellular senescence is triggered by critical stressors such as DNA damage, oncogenes, oxidative stress, and telomere erosion, and vascular cells are not exempted. Senescent cells stop proliferating but remain metabolically active producing pro-inflammatory signals in the environment collectively named senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that contribute to the amplification of the response to the neighbor and distant cells. Although the shift toward senescence is protective against tumors and needed during wound healing, the accumulation of senescent cells during aging due to an impairment of the immune system deputed to their clearance, can predispose to diseases of the cardiovascular system such as atherosclerosis. In this short review, we describe the main features of senescence of endothelial and smooth muscle cells and focus on the role non-coding RNAs of the microRNAs class in controlling this process. Finally, we discuss the potential of new strategies based on senescence removal in counteracting vascular disease burden.
Interpretation and Translation of Intertextual Meanings of Lithuanian Literature into French
Authors: Leonavičienė Aurelija
Published: August 2019

This article analyses the intertextual meanings of Lithuanian literature, how they are interpreted, and some tendencies of their translation into French. The material for the analysis comprises 27 Lithuanian literature novels and ten poems, together with their translations into French (published from 2000–2010). The analysis shows the tendencies of translation of intertextual meanings during the last decade. The results of the quantitative research indicate that intertextual meanings are mainly translated by proper names, meaningful word groups, and phrases. A dominant tendency when translating intertextual meanings into French is translation without changes, when the intertextual meaning is understood equivalently in both the source and target cultures, without the need for additional explanation. Other translation strategies (explicit rendering of intertextual meaning; wordfor-word translation or “internal emphasis”) were applied more rarely. Even though the examples of word-for-word translation comprise only one-fifth of all analysed intertextual meanings, the results of their analysis suggest that translators sometimes fail to choose appropriate translation strategies and translate the word forms of the intertextual units; in such cases, the translations lose important intertextual connections, intellectual and emotional connotations are neutralized, and the readers of the translation face “culture bumps.”
The Dynamics of the Conceptualization and Categorization of Space in the Russian Language
Authors: Romanova Tatyana
Published: August 2019

This article presents examples taken from the National corpus of Russian language dictionar­ies which illustrate the objectification of space in the linguistic picture of the world. The examined data, taken from linguistic dictionaries and en­cyclopaedic sources, allow the dynamics of the process of conceptualization and peculiarities of the categorization of space in the Russian-language mentality to be identified, and verify the formed hypotheses. The formats of the conceptualization of space (starting from an image and mental picture to the notion of frame) and the language dynamics of the objectification of these formats are discussed. Examples from dictionaries of the National Russian Corpora illustrate the objectification of the language world map most vividly. The analysed data from the linguistic dictionaries and encyclopaedic sources prove the working hypothesis by defining the set of attributes which define the concept SPACE, the dynamics of the conceptualization process, and peculiarities of the categorizatition of space in the Russian language mind. The conclusion is drawn that the concept SPACE is an integrated, multiple-aspect, conceptional compound which is connected with the categorization of reality. The basis of the categorization of space is the prototypi­cal approach. In the Russian language world map, the prototype of SPACE is FIELD. Numerous new attributes of the word space show the broadening of the human idea about this universal phenomenon, which is already considered to be not only a form of substance existence, but also one of many forms of spiritual activities. The method of identifying the conceptional attributes is conceptually defini­tional analysis. Multidirectional tendencies to both widening and narrowing areas of space conceptu­alization were found, together with the tendency to integrate different formation-spaces.
Word Usage of ‘Ксива’ and ‘Малява’ in Russian Criminal Discourse
Authors: Zubkov Eugene
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes the dynamics of usage of the lexical units ксива and малява (types of slip) in Russian criminal discourse. We are led to believe that, despite the large variety in understanding of the term “discourse,” it can be defined as a sphere of human linguosemiotic experience which is determined by the pragmatics of activity carried out within it, the socio-psychological features of the participants of interactions, the specifics of time and space, and topics according to the methodology proposed by O. Leszczak. Nowadays, a growing interest in criminal discourse has been observed and implies “complex research on the discourse about crime, which enables better understanding of its participants, their criminal positions and functions, the problematics and issues for discussions about crime, along with its influence on modern criminology and crime prevention” (Жалинский 2009). All these factors should be taken into account, making the researcher verify the sources of language material in order to avoid distorting meanings in the word usage under study. This is caused by the notional sphere itself, which, in certain types of discourse, can be verbalized by the word group, which may be represented by a word expression, phrase, speech segment, etc. Words and word expressions considered as phraseological units of criminal discourse were analyzed in this paper.
“Middle Ground,” “Duality,” and “Diversimilarity” as Responses to Postcolonial and Global Challenges in Chinua Achebe’s “The Education of a British-Protected Child” and “No Longer at Ease”
Authors: Culea Mihaela
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses two literary works by Chinua Achebe—No Longer at Ease (1960) and The Education of a British-Protected Child (2011)—in the context of the issue of diversity in the postcolonial setting. It aims to approach Achebe’s work from a new perspective, by applying a theoretical paradigm employed in business to the study of literature and culture. The “diversimilarity” paradigm, used for managing cultural diversity in organisations, is applied and shown to be pertinent to the investigation of literature, too. The methodology employed combines theoretical data with the practical implications of the conceptual framework on Achebe’s work. The paper starts with a discussion of the diversity concept and then moves on to tackle the diversimilarity paradigm in business. Then the investigation focuses on Achebe’s “duality” and “middle ground” concepts as they assist diversimilarity, concepts which work together at the levels of mentality, ideology, and identity. Finally, the paper focuses on language and the methods proposed by Achebe to manage and solve the existing linguistic diversity problems in Nigeria. The findings show that in the works explored, the diversimilarity paradigm is assisted by other concepts as solutions for the Nigerian people to cope with diversity. Moreover, Achebe shows that the other conceptions that support diversimilarity are still effective, even though they are rooted in the ancestral values of his Igbo people. The originality of the paper results from placing Achebe’s literary work in the context of contemporary concerns related to human identity in the postcolonial globalized environment and from expanding the scope and methods of literary research by employing concepts from other areas of human activity. Thus, the intersection between the worlds of the economy and culture seems fruitful for the investigation of cultural diversity.
The Cityscape in the Contemporary African-American Urban Novel
Authors: Stulov Yuri
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the cityscape as an essential element of African American fiction. Since the time of Romanticism, the city has been regarded as the embodiment of evil forces which are alien to human nature and radiate fear and death. For decades, African-Americans have been isolated in the black ghettos of major American cities which were in many ways responsible for their personal growth or their failure. Often this failure is determined by their inability to find their bearings in a strange and alien world, which the city symbolizes. The world beyond the black ghetto is shown as brutal and terrifying, while the world inside is devoid of hope. Crime, vandalism, poverty, overcrowding, and social conflicts turn out to be the landmarks of big cities, because the people who migrate to them and make up most of their population are also the poorest and least adapted to urban life: they have lost their roots, and feel displaced in the anonymous urban society. A number of African-American novels depict protagonists who are unable to adapt to life in a big city, and end in degradation and misery. James Baldwin’s novels are among the most representative. His disordered and dislocated characters are products of the external world of the city of the machine age, and as such they are characteristic of all African-American fiction. This paper analyzes some of the recent black novels that reverberate with Baldwin’s ideas.
Kessler, Stephan, 2013. Theories of Metaphor Revised
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa
Published: August 2019

KESSLER, Stephan, 2013. Theories of Metaphor Revised. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 150 pp.
Editorial
Authors: Casteñeda Victor
Published: August 2019

Las últimas editoriales de INNOVAR han tenido una característica particular, que responde a la coyuntura en materia tributaria y fiscal propia del periodo de publicación de cada número. En el momento en que escribo estas líneas, me interesa comentar algunas medidas establecidas por la Ley de Financiamiento y, más recientemente, por el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022, titulado “Pacto por Colombia, pacto por la equidad”, que ponen en riesgo el adecuado financiamiento del Sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud (SSSS) y de entidades como el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) y el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF).
El factor institucional en el emprendimiento por oportunidad de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Saavedra Leyva Rafael Eduardo , Texis Flores Michelle
Published: August 2019

Este artículo estudia el efecto de las instituciones en los emprendimientos por oportunidad en América Latina y el Caribe durante el periodo 2005-2016. Se propone un modelo de emprendimiento, en el que se emplean indicadores de gobernabilidad y un índice de eficiencia gubernamental como proxies institucionales junto con otras variables explicativas. A través de un panel desbalanceado, los resultados muestran la existencia de un efecto positivo y significativo en cada una de las variables institucionales con relación a la actividad emprendedora, confirmando la importancia del papel institucional en el emprendimiento por oportunidad. En conclusión, aquellas naciones que pretendan fomentar este tipo de actividad emprendedora deberán generar y conservar un entorno institucional transparente y diligente, permitiendo a los emprendedores aprovechar las oportunidades de negocio.
LAUNDRY WASHING MACHINE FOR CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHING, WATER AND ENERGY IN EGYPT
Authors: ElNashar Zeinab , Cherkaoui Omar , Zlatev Zlatin , ElNashar ElSayed
Published: August 2019

Consumption of clothing, water and energy by washing laundry is one of the most widespread housework in the Egypt. Today, washing machines do this work in many private households, using water, energy, chemical substances, and process time. Although energy efficiency is in the focus of many regulations which have already achieved significant improvements, the question remains, how relevant these processes are in terms of the absolute impact on resources and whether there are possibilities to improve even further by looking abroad. This survey, which is based on published data, compares the energy and water consumption for automatic laundry washing in an average private household with the total energy and water consumption of private households. Only little data are available on resource consumption for laundry washing based on in-use measurements are hard to obtain. But although some of the data in this report are poor, this is the first work that tries to elucidate the contribution of automatic laundry washing to the total energy and water consumption of households in selected countries North Africa. The report estimates the resource consumption of roughly about 37.72 Million only household washing machines in five countries (Egypt, Libya, Algeria Tunes, Morocco,) with about 188.6 Million people, which is about one third of the North Africa population. The results of this work show that laundry washing in private households is done with quite different amounts of energy and water in different parts of the North Africa both in absolute and relative comparison to the overall household consumption. But due to different consumer habits in dealing with the achieved washing performance in the different global regions, the best practice in washing laundry in a most sustainable way cannot be determined yet. Further research is needed to form a basis for a most sustainable development of resource consumption in Private households.
INCREASING THE QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC THINKING
Authors: Perjan Carolina , Sanduleac Sergiu
Published: August 2019

The paper examines theoretical perspectives of scientific thinking development in university students as an element of quality. Scientific thinking is a key element that serves as a base in scientific and professional formation of university students. The problem of its development in students was first raised in 20th century. Students encounter the activities in line with their professional goals but there are no specific activities oriented specifically towards scientific thinking development. As a result of this study, a theoretical model of scientific thinking development is proposed. It is based on three components that suggest a solution to improve quality in university studies, and enable ways for students to explore the concepts of spinning across the science projects. It is also presented a psychological portrait of a student with high level of scientific thinking and the most important traits that emphasize cognitive dispositions are highlighted. This can engage and also help students to make a research and to be creative in their own scientific activity.
RATING OF THE KORKYT ATA KSU IN THE CONTEXT OF ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION QUALITY
Authors: Zhaksylykova Zhanna , V. Milova Elena , Iztleuova Zhanna
Published: August 2019

This article discusses rating issues in the context of assessing the quality of higher education. In recent years, ratings have become an important attribute of the global educational services market. The main factor of the university's competitive success is its reputation in the national and international educational areas. Therefore, the institution chooses to participate in a particular rating based on its mission. The article tells about the experience of participation of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University in national and world rankings. It is noted that the worthy position of the Korkyt Ata KSU in the ratings is another confirmation and recognition of the quality of education in the university, the result of the painstaking work of the entire university staff. To improve the position of the Korkyt Ata KSU, the main directions are defined in the ratings.
TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF HOT METHODS FOR RECONDITIONING OF WEAR DETAILS
Authors: Todorov Iliya , Stoyanov Mitko , Nikolov Mitko , Ivanov Vladislav
Published: August 2019

The structure, trends and perspectives in development of hot methods as such used for reconditioning of worn details during the new Millennium are presented in the article as well as trends in production of consumables in industrially developing countries. The structure of welding methods is also shown giving priority to its development until 2020. It can be concluded that in the industrially developed countries by 2020 the share of arc welding will be stabilized at levels of 10-15% of the total number of methods used for weld overlaying of worn-out components. These figures will be 45-55 % and 7-9% for gas shielded and submerged arc welding respectively. The welding methods that will be prioritized for the period until 2020 will be gas shielded arc welding, contact, laser beam and hybrid welding.
PHASE PORTRAIT OF SECOND-ORDER DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Yankov Kaloyan
Published: August 2019

The phase portrait of the second and higher order differential equations presents in graphical form the behavior of the solution set without solving the equation. In this way, the stability of a dynamic system and its long-time behavior can be studied. The article explores the capabilities of Mathcad for analysis of systems by the phase plane method. A sequence of actions using Mathcad's operators to build phase portrait and phase trace analysis is proposed. The approach is illustrated by a model of plasma renin activity after treatment of experimental animals with nicardipine. The identified process is a differential equation of the second order. The algorithm is also applicable to systems of higher order.
BIO- AND TOXIC ELEMENTS IN EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS (SUILLUS LUTEUS)
Authors: Papazov Penko
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to perform analysis by flame and graphite furnace AAS the content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and Fe in wild edible mushrooms Suillus luteus. The samples were collected from the Batak Mountain. All metals concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. The average content of studied elements: Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and Fe in Suillus luteus samples were: 0.66 mg kg-1, 0.52 mg kg-1, 0.55 mg kg-1, 0.51 mg kg-1, 11.33 mg kg-1, 0.98 mg kg-1, 19.28 mg kg-1, 51.67 mg kg-1, and 114.41 mg kg-1.
THE STUDY OF THE TEACHERS' READINESS IN APPLYING CLOUD COMPUTING IN LEARNING
Authors: Kiryakova Gabriela , Angelova Nadezhda , Yordanova Lina
Published: August 2019

Digital learners prefer to learn in a digital environment and use the technologies of their everyday life. To meet the expectations of the new generation learners, modern education relies on information and communication technologies. They help create an educational environment where innovative ideas and approaches are implemented. The readiness and attitudes of the teachers to use new technologies is a key factor that determines their effective application in training. The purpose of the current work is to present the results of a study which examines and analyzes the degree of readiness of teachers in Bulgaria and their attitude towards the application of cloud computing in the learning process.
A vena cava inferiort infiltráló májtumorok kapcsán végzett reszekciókról
Authors: Lukovich Péter , Pőcze Balázs , Nagy Jenő , Szpiszár Tamás , György Alpár , Boga Adrienn , Merza Emese , Szabó Huba , Tóth Gábor Tamás , Demeter Gyula , Bodoky György
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Despite all new promising agents of oncotherapy, it is still liver resection that gives potential curative solution for primary and secondary liver tumors. The size of tumorous liver section for resection means no question any more but major vessel infiltration of tumor proposes challenge in liver surgery. Patients and method: Retrospective analysis was carried out covering 33 patients who underwent liver resection in St. Janos Hospital Surgery Department between 1st May 2017 and 1st May 2019. Demographic, surgical, histological data and postoperative course were taken into consideration and comparison with two of our patients who needed vena cava excision simultaneously with liver resection. Results: Patients with liver resection only (LR) had a mean operation time of 91.7 minutes, while operation time for patients with cava resection (CR) was 250 minutes. The average amount of blood transfusion was 1.2 units (200 ml) in group LR and 5 units in group CR. Among LR patients, resection was rated R0 in 23 and R1 in 8 cases, R2 resection could be performed in 2 cases, in group CR in both cases R1 resection was registered. 5 patients with colorectal liver metastasis were operated after previous chemotherapy. Two patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection and two had synchronous colorectal and liver resection, one of these was treated via laparoscopic approach. Conclusion: Liver resections in case of large vessel (vena cava, hepatic vein) infiltrating by liver tumors are indicated the most challenging procedures of liver surgery. The relating literature refers to oncological liver resections with vena cava excision and reconstruction to be safe and applicable. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(33): 1304–1310.
Manajemen Strategik Kepala Madrasah Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Mashar Ali
Published: August 2019

Pendidikan akan mengalami peningkatan apabila subyek pendidikan yang ada kepala madrasah mampu mengelola manajemen strategic dengan baik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif  dengan rancangan studi multikasus yang terdiri sebagai informan penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dan guru. Data diperoleh dengan cara : wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data, induktif deskriptif dengan alur reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, untuk keabsahan data digunakan uji trianggulasi. Mutu akan meningkat dengan kepala madrasah melaksanakan peningkatan mutu pendidikan  yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung dan MAN 3 Tulungagung dan  kepala madrasah melaksanakan pengawasan dalam peninkatan mutu pendidikan yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung dan MAN 3 Tulungagung.
Modelling of landslides in a scree slope induced by groundwater and rainfall
Authors: Lucas Daisy , Herzog Ralf , Iten Markus , Buschor Heinz , Kieper Andreas , Askarinejad Amin , Springman Sarah M.
Published: August 2019

Predicting the trigger of a slope failure of a steep Alpine scree slope in south-west Switzerland is challenging. The groundwater (GW) flow from snow-melting and rainfall infiltration during summer changes the susceptibility to surficial failure, which also depends on the slope angle, bedrock geometry, stratigraphy and the shear strength of the soil. Surficial failure mechanisms are investigated using prototype ground models that integrate input from field monitoring, geological observations and soil properties and account for relevant factors and constraints for physical and numerical modelling. Shallow scree deposits overlying various bedrock configurations (parallel to the slope, with and without a step) were tested under two hydrological regimes: GW flow, and GW combined with additional intense rainfall. Numerical modelling was used to study the parameter combinations that would lead to failure, and worst-case scenarios were defined in terms of the bedrock geometry and hydraulic perturbations. These results were verified using advanced physical modelling techniques in a geotechnical drum centrifuge. Physical modelling results indicated that, for a given GW condition, slope stability decreases (a) as the depth of the soil cover over the bedrock decreases and (b) the higher the bedrock step. Furthermore, a bedrock step impacts the volume and the location of the triggered failure. Rainfall exacerbates the situation.