bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights on magnetic spinel ferrites for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia applications
Authors: Abdel Maksoud Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Kodous Ahmad S. , Fahim Ramy Amer , Osman Ahmed I. , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Rooney David W. , Mamdouh Mohamed A. , Nady Norhan , Ashour Ahmed H.
Published: January 2022

Magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) attract high scientific attention from researchers due to their broad area for biomedicine applications, comprising cancer magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery. Uniquely, its excellent performance, namely, tuning size and surface morphology, excellent magnetism, extraordinary magnetically heat induction, promising biocompatibility, and specific targeting capacity, is essential for their effective utilization in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics of diseases. This review emphasizes the anticancer properties of nanoparticles of spinel ferrites with extra focus on the most recent literature. A critical review is provided on the latest applications of SFNPs in cancer therapy. Based on the results obtained from this review, SFNPs have the indefinite ability in cancer therapy through two mechanisms: (1) hyperthermia, where SFNPs, used as a hyperthermia mediator, elevated the tumor cells heat post-exposure to an external magnetic field and radiosensitizer during cancer radiotherapy; and (2) targeted drug delivery of cytotoxic drugs in tumor treatment. SFNPs induced apoptosis and cell death of cancer cells and prevented cancer cell proliferation.
On the Determinants of Online Short Videos’ Effectiveness Relative to Parents’ Attitudes, Behavioural Intentions and Consideration of Alternatives
Authors: Konstantoulaki Kleopatra , Rizomyliotis Ioannis , Lionakis Konstantinos , Chen Yiheng
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the key content factors of short videos and their influence on parents’ attitudes, behavioural intentions and consideration of alternatives in the education sector. In particular, the current study is the first to explore elements of online short videos (informative content, user interactivity, perceived usefulness, trust, entertainment and invasiveness) as predictors of parents’ attitudes toward, consideration of and intention to choose a nursery school. Using a sample of 178 participants, a conclusive research design applying structural equation modelling was employed to assess the effect of the aforementioned short videos’ key characteristics on attitude, intention and consideration. According to the results, short videos with informative and trusted content tend to enhance parents’ attitudes, consideration and behavioural intentions regarding the provider being promoted. Attitude is also affected by entertainment, while perceived usefulness, interactive features and lack of invasiveness increase scores pertaining to inclusion of alternatives in parents’ consideration choice sets and expression of intentions to ultimately select them. Managers in childcare operators should find a delicate balance among the aforementioned elements in order to include the appropriate ones into their videos depending on the promotional goals or indented outcomes and the targeted audience. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are thoroughly discussed.
Trust in Institutions, Social Solidarity, and the Perception of Social Cohesion in the Republic of Moldova in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Negură Petru , Gașper Lucia , Potoroacă Mihai
Published: January 2022

Research shows that social cohesion is crucial to the promotion of public health and the response to pandemic disease. This paper discusses a few key aspects of social cohesion in Moldova in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely trust in the government, social solidarity, and the perception of social cohesion. The article uses data from two sources: first from in-depth interviews carried out in May 2020 with 95 people of high status, and then from a nationally representative survey conducted in July 2020. We also compared the case of Moldova with those of other European countries regarding trust in institutions and success in combating the pandemic. The paper suggests that awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with socioeconomic status, education, and by respondents’ trust in institutions. The interviewees participating in the qualitative research defined social cohesion as the observance of health rules and suggested that solidarity and social support were uneven during the crisis.
Proleptic PPs are arguments: consequences for the argument/adjunct distinction and for selectional switch
Authors: Zyman Erik
Published: January 2022

One of the most significant results in syntax has been a deep empirical and, to some degree, theoretical understanding of the argument/adjunct distinction, which underlies a range of superficially disparate phenomena. Therefore, any phenomenon that seems to challenge the argument/adjunct distinction merits careful examination. This paper investigates just such a phenomenon: proleptic PPs. Previous claims about the argument/adjunct status of proleptic PPs are contradictory and mostly unsubstantiated. The paper subjects proleptic PPs to argument/adjunct diagnostics and shows that they unambiguously pattern as arguments: they cannot iterate, survivedo so–replacement, or be stranded undervP-pseudoclefting; reconstruct for Condition C undervP-preposing; and are L-selected. They also pattern as arguments on a novel argument/adjunct diagnostic developed here,selectional switch: if adding XP to a structure changes the selectional interactions between a head Y and some ZP ≠ XP, then XP is an argument. Finally, the paper considers counterarguments to the view it defends, showing that they are unsuccessful or irrelevant. Thus, even XPs whose argument/adjunct status initially seems murky can turn out on closer scrutiny to pattern unambiguously as one or the other, supporting the traditional but not uncontested view that the argument/adjunct distinction runs deep, and suggesting that it may be categorical.
Enregistered spellings in interaction
Authors: Busch Florian
Published: January 2022

Against the backdrop of the societal differentiation of literacy, the paper investigates spelling variation in digital written communication beyond the binary paradigm of standard and nonstandard. To this end, the paper proposes a formal classification of digital spelling variants and then focuses on the socio-communicative functions of these variants in usage. Theoretically grounded in the notions ofregisterandsocial indexicality, the paper discusses how spelling variants are metapragmatically ordered by social actors and deployed in text-messaging interactions in order to indicate interpretive context. To investigate these phenomena holistically, the paper furthermore presents a tripartite research framework that addresses digital writing regarding its I) structural variants, II) communicative practice, and III) reflexive awareness. Afterwards, this methodological approach is applied empirically. This is done based on a data set that includes samples of everyday literacy by 23 German adolescents: informal WhatsApp texting, on the one hand, formal school essays on the other. The exemplary analyses focus on phonostylistic spellings (e. g. elisions such as  instead of ) and graphostylistic spellings (e. g. graphemic substitutions such as  instead of ) in these WhatsApp interactions, reconstructing the metapragmatic status of standard orthography in digital writing. By combining structure-oriented, interactional, and ethnographic perspectives, the paper seeks a disciplinary dialogue by relating concepts of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology not only to research fields of media linguistics but also to research on writing systems.
Timing of Splenectomy after Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wu Feng , Li Xiao-Hui , Gong Min-Jie , An Jia-Qi , Ding Xiao-Yan , Huang Sheng-Li
Published: January 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition. Splenectomy may play a protective role in the development of SCI. However, little is known about whether the timing of splenectomy affects the outcome after SCI. Investigation into splenectomy after SCI would provide insight into how the timing can be selected following SCI to improve neurologic outcomes. Rats were randomized into a sham group, a nonsplenectomized group (NonSPX), four splenectomized groups with the surgery performed immediately, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after SCI (SPX0, SPX6, SPX12, and SPX24, respectively). Rats were subjected to severe contusive SCI at the level of the third thoracic vertebra. At different time points following SCI, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess the recovery of injury. The animals in each group were randomly selected for tissue collection at days 3, 14, and 28 after surgery. Then, immunohistochemistry of immunologic cells was performed and inflammatory mediators were determined. Our study showed that splenectomy within 6 h after SCI improved BBB scores as compared with splenectomy more than 12 h after SCI, and decrease the immune cell responses to SCI. Protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly elevated in nonsplenectomized group compared with sham group. No difference was observed in IL-10 at the lesion site between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized groups at 3 d post-SCI. The study demonstrates that splenectomy within 6 h after SCI would lessen the development of SCI and improve outcome.
Out of Rhythm: Compromised Precision of Theta-Gamma Coupling Impairs Associative Memory in Old Age
Authors: Karlsson Anna E. , Lindenberger Ulman , Sander Myriam C.
Published: January 2022

Episodic memory declines with advancing adult age. This decline is particularly pronounced when associations between items and their contexts need to be formed. According to theories of neural communication, the precise coupling of gamma power to the phase of the theta rhythm supports associative memory formation. To investigate whether age differences in associative memory are related to compromised theta-gamma coupling, we took EEG recordings during the encoding phase of an item-context association task. Fifty-eight younger (33 females) and 55 older (24 females) adults studied pictures of objects superimposed on background scenes. In a recognition test, objects were presented on old or new backgrounds, and participants responded if they had seen (1) the object and (2) the object/scene pair. Theta-gamma coupling supported pair memory formation in both age groups. Whereas pair memory was associated with coupling closer to the peak of the theta rhythm, item-only memory was associated with a deviation in phase angle relative to pair memory. Furthermore, a stable relation between coupling phase and pair memory performance demonstrated that coupling closer to the peak is beneficial for associative memory. Critically, older adults' lower pair memory was accompanied by a shift in coupling phase relative to that of younger adults. In concert, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that decrements in the temporal precision with which gamma power is coupled to a specific theta phase underlie the decline of associative memory in normal cognitive aging.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccording to prominent theories of neural communication, the precise coordination of oscillatory activity enables the formation of associative memories. We propose that normal cognitive aging impairs associative memory formation by compromising the temporal precision of neural communication. We show that the coupling of high-frequency gamma power to low-frequency theta phase supports associative memory formation in both younger and older adults, with coupling closer to the theta peak benefitting memory performance. However, compared with younger adults, the coupling phase angle is shifted in time and is more variable in the older adults. We conclude that alterations in the precise timing of theta-gamma coupling contribute to adult age differences in associative memory.
Key challenges for tropospheric chemistry in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Paton-Walsh Clare , Emmerson Kathryn M. , Garland Rebecca M. , Keywood Melita , Hoelzemann Judith J. , Huneeus Nicolás , Buchholz Rebecca R. , Humphries Ruhi S. , Altieri Katye , Schmale Julia , Wilson Stephen R. , Labuschagne Casper , Kalisa Egide , Fisher Jenny A. , Deutscher Nicholas M. , van Zyl Pieter G. , Beukes Johan P. , Joubert Warren , Martin Lynwil , Mkololo Thumeka , Barbosa Cybelli , de Fatima Andrade Maria , Schofield Robyn , Mallet Marc D. , Harvey Mike J. , Formenti Paola , Piketh Stuart J. , Olivares Gustavo
Published: January 2022

This commentary paper from the recently formed International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Southern Hemisphere Working Group outlines key issues in atmospheric composition research that particularly impact the Southern Hemisphere. In this article, we present a broad overview of many of the challenges for understanding atmospheric chemistry in the Southern Hemisphere, before focusing in on the most significant factors that differentiate it from the Northern Hemisphere. We present sections on the importance of biogenic emissions and fires in the Southern Hemisphere, showing that these emissions often dominate over anthropogenic emissions in many regions. We then describe how these and other factors influence air quality in different parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Finally, we describe the key role of the Southern Ocean in influencing atmospheric chemistry and conclude with a description of the aims and scope of the newly formed IGAC Southern Hemisphere Working Group.
Is timber management a realistic conservation alternative for indigenous Amazonian communities?
Authors: Fitts Lucia Alejandra , Cruz-Burga Zoila Aurora , Legatzke Hannah , La Torre-Cuadros María de los Ángeles
Published: January 2022

Indigenous people, who are often economically, socially, and culturally dependent on forests, represent important stakeholders in forest management. Due to high costs, indigenous communities partner with external institutions to harvest timber, often resulting in forest degradation within their territories, internal and external conflicts, and disinterest in starting new timber management projects. Using a standardized methodology to investigate the outcomes of previous community forestry projects presents an opportunity to better understand and potentially resolve further issues. To investigate this issue, we conducted research in the Sinchi Roca I native community in Peru. Our objectives were: (1) to describe the process of timber harvest; (2) to analyze gender differences in local perception of timber management; and (3) to evaluate the outcomes of the timber activity, applying socioeconomic criteria and indicators. Data collection included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and intra-household surveys. We found that locals partnered with a company for timber harvesting, which led to a sanction from the Peruvian government. Timber harvesting was negatively perceived in the community, with 83.75% of survey respondents dissatisfied with the activity and 88.75% reporting internal and external conflicts due to the presence of the company. Moreover, women did not have a major role in timber harvesting, nor did they actively participate in planning meetings. Results suggest that improving future timber management projects in indigenous communities requires that projects be adapted to local realities and encourage local participation, including training for locals in governance, administration of documents, and negotiations with external stakeholders.
Distribution of Costa Rican epiphytic bromeliads and the Holdridge Life Zone System
Authors: Rivas Rossi Marta , Méndez Víctor H. , Monge-Nájera Julián
Published: January 2022

Detailed distribution maps for the major bromeliad genera native to Costa Rica were prepared bases on the collections in the three largest herbaria of the country and on citations from the literature. Most records are from the montane habitats, probably reflecting the frequent need for moisture by these plants. Vriesea ans Guzmania have been collected mostly in moist lowland habitats. In 1975, Burt-Utley and Utley had hypothesized that the Holdridge Life Zone System should fit the distribution of epiphytic bromeliads because soil (a factor not considered in the System) is not important in their occurrence. However, on average, species were absent in about half of the Life Zones where they were expected to occur according to the Holdridge classification. It is hypothesized that the System failed because epiphytic bromeliad distribution reflects factor interactions rather than humidity, light or temperature individually.
Seasonal changes in the gonadal state of the oysters Crassostrea iridescens and Crassostrea corteziensis (Filibranchia: Ostreidae) in the Northwest coast of México.
Authors: Frías-Espericueta Martín G. , Páez-Osuna Federico , Osuna-López J. Isidro
Published: January 2022

The reproductive cycle in oysters has been the subject of several studies in temperate zones. However, little information is available for tropical and subtropical species. This study describes the seasonal changes in the gonadic index (GI) of two species of oysters, Crassostrea iridescens and Crassostrea corteziensis, which differ markedly in their hàbitad and time of reproduction. Both oysters were sampled at 45 days intervals in the Northwest coast of Mexico between November 1989 and October 1990. Gonadal and somatic tissue per individual were dried for three days at 90°C, weighed and recorded. The gonadic index (GI) applied in this work was calculated from: GI = Wg/ws. Were WG is the average gonadal tissue dry weight, and Ws is the average somatic tissue dry weight. Seasonal variations in the gonadal state were evident for the two species. C.iridescens exhibited only a single maximum in the year, while C. corteziensis two peaks. This situation is presumably related to the contrastable environmental conditions that prevail in the sites where each species inhabit.
Reproducción, distribución y abundancia del pez Pseudupeneus grandisquamis (Perciformes: Mullidae), en el Golfo de Tehuantepec, México
Authors: Ramos-Santiago Eduardo , Ramírez-Gutiérrez José Martín , Mendoza-Rodríguez Ricardo , Tapia-García Margarito
Published: January 2022

Como resultado de sus estrategias biológicas y ecológicas, el pez Pseudupeneus grandisquamis es una especie dominante en la comunidad demersal del Golfo de Tehuantepec. Nuestro principal objetivo fue conocer estas estrategias con base en su distribución, abundancia y reproducción. Se analizaron un total de 5 175 individuos que forman parte de las recolectas de peces obtenidas en cinco cruceros oceanográficos realizados en el Golfo de Tehuantepec, México, entre 1989-1990. Es una especie demersal típicamente marina, con amplia distribución en la plataforma continental. La mayor abundancia de P. grandisquamis se presenta en marzo y noviembre, alrededor de la isobata de los 40 m y frente a los sistemas lagunares Superior-Inferior y Laguna del Mar Muerto. La reproducción de la especie se presenta durante todos los meses analizados, principalmente durante los meses de agosto a octubre, correspondiente a la época de lluvias. La presencia de jóvenes, principalmente en noviembre y marzo, sugiere un amplio periodo de reclutamiento durante estos meses cuya distribución se refleja principalmente en el área influenciada por las lagunas Superior-Inferior, que representa un área de crianza. La proporción sexual total hembras:machos fue prácticamente 1:1. La talla máxima en la región es de 213 mm y la talla de primera madurez es de 138 mm LT. La alta abundancia y reproducción se presentan cuando el golfo tiene alta producción, acorde con la dinámica del sistema, donde tiene gran relevancia la influencia de las lagunas costeras. Se sugiere aplicar estrategias de protección a las zonas sobre la plataforma continental del Golfo de Tehuantepec influenciadas por procesos estuarinos y que representan áreas de reproducción y crianza para un gran número de especies, entre las que se encuentra P. grandisquamis.
Can rice field channels contribute to biodiversity conservation in Southern Brazilian wetlands?
Authors: Maltchik Leonardo , Rolon Ana Silvia , Stenert Cristina , Machado Iberê Farina , Rocha Odete
Published: January 2022

La conservación de especies en los agroecosistemas ha llamado la atención. Los canales de riego pueden mejorar los hábitats y ofrecer condiciones para la conservación de especies de agua dulce. Desde el punto de vista de conservación de la biodiversidad surgen dos preguntas: 1) ¿Pueden los canales de riego mantener una rica diversidad de vegetación acuática, invertebrados y anfibios en el ciclo de cultivo del arroz? 2) ¿Puede la riqueza, abundancia y composición de especies acuáticas cambiar durante el ciclo de cultivo del arroz? Para ello, en el Condado Mostardas, Brazil un grupo de cuatro canales de los campos de arroz fue seleccionado al azar. En cada canal, se llevaron a cabo seis muestreos durante el ciclo de cultivo del arroz (junio 2005 hasta junio 2006). Un total de 160 táxones fueron identificados en los canales de riego, que incluyen 59 especies de macrófitos, 91 táxones de macroinvertebrados y 10 especies de anfibios. La riqueza y la abundancia de vegetación acuática, invertebrados y anfibios no cambió significativamente durante el ciclo de cultivo del arroz. Sin embargo, la composición de las especies de estos grupos en los canales de riego varía entre períodos no cultivados y cultivados. Nuestros resultados muestran que la diversidad de especies en los canales de riego, junto con la permanencia del agua permite que estas redes acuáticas provocadas por el ser humano puedan funcionar como sistemas importantes que contribuyan con la conservación de la biodiversidad en las regiones donde los humedales se han convertido en campos de arroz. La conservación de las especies en la agricultura, tales como los campos de los canales de arroz, que pueden ser una alternativa importante para la conservación de la biodiversidad en el sur de Brasil, donde más del 90% de los sistemas de humedales ya se han perdido y los restantes aún se encuentran en alto riesgo debido a la expansión de la producción de arroz.
Sportolás elektronikus monitorozással időskorban
Authors: Balas E. Andrew , Kováts Tímea , Mikulán Rita , Székács Béla , Török László , Kollai Balázs
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. Idősebb korban a testgyakorlás különösen fontos az
izmok sorvadásának megelőzése, valamint a vérnyomás és a testsúly kontrollja
céljából. Ma már egyre gyakoribb az időskorúak részvétele sportversenyeken is.
Esettanulmányunk célja a késő felnőttkori, illetve időskori versenyszerű
sportolás egészségi alkalmassági feltételeinek, kockázatainak és a
teljesítőképesség változásainak bemutatása az elektronikus monitorozás és
virtuális versenyzés korában. Esetünkben ez egy időskorú személy 16 év során
(54–70 éves kor) teljesített maratoni futóversenyeinek, valamint virtuális
evezőversenyek részvételi és felkészülési adatainak elemzésével valósul meg.
Esetünk illusztrálja, hogy az észszerű túlterhelés elve alapján az izmok
adaptációja akkor következik be, amikor az edzés terhelése meghaladja az addig
már elért terhelési szintet. A sportóra használata az elektronikus pulzusszám és
a teljesítmény monitorozásával nemcsak a versenyek és edzések alatt a pulzusszám
céltartományban tartására, de hosszabb távú tendenciák felismerésére is
hasznosnak bizonyult. Az egészségi állapotnak megfelelő (sportág és intenzitás)
időskori testgyakorlás és sportversenyen való részvétel nemcsak az erőnlét
megtartását tűzheti ki célul, hanem értékes erőnlétfejlesztést is. Orv Hetil.
2021; 162(51): 2061–2066.

Summary. With advancing age, exercise becomes particularly important
to prevent muscle atrophy and to control blood pressure and weight. Today,
participation of aging people in athletic competitions is increasingly common.
The aim of our case study is to explore and illustrate the health conditions,
development and risk factors of competitive sporting activities of late adult
and elderly athletes in the age of electronic monitoring and virtual racing. We
processed the preparation and participation data of a total of 16 years of
marathon races as well as rowing machine races of an elderly male person (age
54–70). Using a sports watch with electronic heart rate and performance
monitoring has proved useful not only for keeping the heart rate in target
range, but also for assessing trends in the long run. Our case underscores the
value of reasonable overload with advancing age; beneficial muscle adaptation
occurs when the workload of an exercise exceeds the previously reached level.
Gradual exercise of older adults and participation in athletic competitions can
not only maintain fitness but also develop valuable additional strength. Orv
Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2061–2066.
Language and gender in North Africa
Authors: Sadiqi Fatima
Published: January 2022

This essay investigates and contextualises the emergence and evolution of the discipline of ‘Language and Gender’ in North Africa in an attempt to remedy the underrepresentation of this region in scholarship. I ground this essay in my experiences with Language and Gender in Morocco and the International Gender and Language Association (IGALA), both of which were central in shaping my academic journey. The pre- and post-Uprisings periods surrounding what is often discussed as the ‘Arab Spring’ in the early 2010s carried serious consequences for the emergence of Language and Gender as a discipline. These moments and my involvement in them were deeply impacted by specific historical, sociopolitical and intellectual dimensions, most saliently the women’s movement and the discipline of linguistics. My essay draws on these experiences to advocate for the importance of decolonising the international language and gender canon with North African perspectives that move beyond English and the Global North.
Lesbian at the vanguard
Authors: Barrett Rusty , Queen Robin
Published: January 2022

This tribute considers the work of linguist and novelist, Anna Livia (1955–2007). Anna was a noted fiction writer before becoming a linguist and much of her work considered language play in literature. Anna brought her experience as a lesbian activist to queer linguistics, where she played an important role in establishing the field. Her work continues to be an important example of linguistic research on lesbians, an area that continues to be underrepresented in the field.
Emma Frances Bloomleld, Communication Strategies for Engaging Climate Skeptics: Religion and the Environment
Authors: Lyons Barry J.
Published: January 2022

Emma Frances Bloomleld, Communication Strategies for Engaging Climate Skeptics: Religion and the Environment (London and New York: Routledge, 2019), 182 pp., $140 (hbk), ISBN: 978-1-138-58593-5.
The Power of Politeness Strategies in EFL Student-Teacher Interaction: Teacher’s Gender Perspective
Authors: Febriansyah Riyan
Published: January 2022

The nature of student-teacher interaction is often influenced by the teachers’ actions and utterances. In fact, student-teacher interaction could be felt like either threatening or enjoyable. Teachers’ politeness will result in enjoyable student-teacher interaction. Very few studies about politeness on the teachers’ gender perspectives have been conducted. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the kinds of politeness strategies used by male and female teachers in powering EFL classroom, and to elaborate how the power of politeness strategies run the EFL student-teacher interaction. The participants are several teachers and students who conduct the English Intensive Course Program in an undergraduate university. Many students-teacher interactions using English are found in those course program, since the courses require the classroom participants to communicate in English. This research followed qualitative research design and used observation to collect data. Applying Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness, the results show that politeness strategies bring a lively and friendly atmosphere during the classroom interaction. Specifically for female teachers who mostly use positive politeness strategy, they build more interaction with the student rather male teachers. Positive politeness strategy focused on the students’ positive face by expressing the number of utterances that want to be listened to by the students. It keeps students to have willingness to communicate so that the student-teacher interaction in EFL classroom can be maximized.
Factors Influencing Students’ Well-being on Educational Outcomes in the Indonesian Railway Polytechnic
Authors: Fikria Ainun , Hilmi Akhyat , Prastiwi Afita
Published: January 2022

Students’ well-being among Indonesian scholars might be still unpopular as this topic could lead to a blundered result in a certain area of disciplines. Yet, this topic is essential to reveal as it can be one of the indicators which can be taken into account on measuring the workload of students enrolling in this state-owned institution. Not only that, but this also might be an eminent output indicator for the quality of education specifically on educational outcomes. The instruments occupied in this study were interviews and surveys. Students and alumni of the polytechnic were asked to participate in this study and several key figures as well. This study applied a mixed-method research design, which is commonly accepted as there are both qualitative and quantitative parts combined in the study. The results showed that the quality of student well-being in an emotional, social, and school dimension of student PPIM is relatively at a good level. Hence, with the tight schedule and tough physical activity, the institution should pay attention to a psychological aspect.
The Use of Online Authentic Reading Materials In Online Reading Class
Authors: Ulwiyah Fifi Nur
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Education in Indonesia, as the large-scale power of the has to be compelled the continuity of teaching activities during the COVID-19 pandemic online learning. It inspires teachers to choose a suitable material to fulfill students’ needs and interests in teaching language. The appropriateness and well chosen authentic materials used by teachers in a context of reading have to cover meaningful content in which those are relevant. Thus, this study attempts to investigate those authenticity used as well as teachers’ challenges in implementing online authentic reading materials in online reading class of higher education. The study is a qualitative. The subjects are three EFL teachers of higher education that teach General English and English for Specific Purposes freshmen for two semesters. The data collection techniques are observation and interview. In analyzing the data, this study uses Ary et al. (2010) theory: familiarizing and organizing; coding and reduction; interpreting and representing. The findings revealed that authenticity is considered as the pivotal thing since, in this case, English is taught as foreign language. The authentic materials can be said its prevalence by measuring each authenticity based on three areas including SLA (Second Language Acquisition), language pedagogy and ICT (Information and Communication Technology). It could establish the applied authenticity to the language learning design materials, especially learning English language. Moreover, The challenge was about the materials, students’ interests, classroom activities and classroom interaction occurred among teachers and the students.
Impacts Of Extensive Reading on English Vocabulary Learning: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hakim M. Farkhi Faishol
Published: January 2022

There are many differences in sentence structure between English and Indonesian. In this study, the researchers conducted a comparative analysis of past sentence patterns in English and Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to find out the past sentence patterns of English and Indonesian, and the similarities and differences between them. The methods used to conduct research are qualitative research and descriptive research to compare patterns between English and Indonesian past sentence patterns. A high school textbook named "Interlanguage" is used as English data, which Indonesian students generally use and understand, rather than college students' books, while Indonesian data is a translation of the selected English text for each past sentence pattern. This research shows that there are more differences than similarities between the two languages. There are six differences, Namely: 1) Verb form; 2) Irregular verb be; 3) English generally has four past tenses, but Indonesian does not; 4) progress; 5) perfect progress; 6) English has 7 basics In the past, there are 2 sentence patterns in Indonesian. Researchers found some similarities, namely: 1) perfect aspect; 2) sentence pattern arrangement. Since English and Indonesian have more differences in past tense sentence patterns than similarities, it is expected that Indonesian learners will encounter some difficulties in learning English past.
Keywords: comparative analysis, past sentences, sentence patterns, English, Indonesian
The Implementation of Self Evaluation Teacher Talk (SETT) in Teaching English: A Case Study
Authors: Hartono Raden Panji , Setiawan Slamet , Mintowati Maria
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study analyzed the implementation of SETT (Self Evaluation Teacher Talk) (Walsh, 2011) by an English teacher in a senior high school in Surabaya. A descriptive analysis was conducted towards the talk used by teacher in delivering the material. As the law, the teacher regulated the students to speak the target language anyhow. On the other hand, the teacher applied a classroom interaction in English. There are four modes available based on the SETT criteria; managerial mode, material mode, skill and system mode, classroom context mode. The result shown that the teacher mostly applied two mode, namely managerial mode and skill and system mode, and was followed by classroom context mode, then material mode.
Analysis Minimal Exchange Structures and General Exchange Structure in English Classroom Interaction Found in Youtube
Authors: Silalahi Regina Marintan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This research reported study about analysis minimal exchange structures and general exchange structure in English classroom interaction found in you tube, (from mujikuy channel : asking and giving information about berbasis ganre in x class). This study direct to analysis the element of minimal exchange structures and general exchanges structures in English classroom interaction find in you tube. The data is the clauses obtained from conversation among teacher and students of X grade during English classroom learning process that find in you tube from (Mujikuy channel : asking and giving information about berbasis ganre in x class). This study uses theory of Halliday (1994) by qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that there are three (3) types of act as the element of exchange structures: Initiating, Responding,and Following-Up (I-R-F). Minimal exchange structure consists of: Initiating-Responding (I-R) or Initiating-Responding-Following Up (I-R-F). General structure of exchange in classroom situation consists of: greeting, giving order, giving information, asking question, and closing. In the learning process, things do not always go well. When the learning process students sometimes do not respond to conversations or instructions given by the teacher. Therefore teachers must take initiatives such as providing information, asking questions, and giving instructions. So that the learning process becomes more efficient. This study shows that the teacher has the authority to regulate learning activities
Identifying English Language Needs of Religious Guides at The General Presidency of The Grand Mosque and Prophet’s Mosque
Authors: Alsolami Turki , Aljadani Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to identify English language needs for religious guides at The General Presidency of The Grand Mosque and Prophet’s Mosque. This study adopted a quantitative approach methodology using needs analysis questionnaire. The quantitative data collection instrument was a questionnaire with (51) participants. SPSS was used as the quantitative data analysis method. Findings showed that listening and speaking were the most important skills, and reading was moderately important, while writing is not important at all. Also, English is greatly rated as a tool to effectively perform their tasks in term of preaching and advising guests and pilgrims. Difficulties are embodied in lacking English language, accents, and proper religious expressions and vocabulary. This study highlights an urgent need for English for Religious Purposes. The study proposes a general guideline for a course design framework based on participants’ needs.
The Tunic of Christ and the Crown Jewels: Relics in the Byzantine Diplomacy of the Fourteenth Century
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kushch Tatiana ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

ntroduction. This article discusses the “reliquary diplomacy” introduced by Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos during the Ottoman siege of Constantinople (1394–1402). The emperor widely used the relics in the creation of the anti-Ottoman alliance. This article addresses a specific case of this diplomatic practice, Manuel II Palaiologos’ request to Venice for a loan for the deposit on the Tunic of Christ and other relics. Methods. From the juxtaposition of sources and the comparative analysis of the fourteenth-century relations between Byzantium and Venice there are good reasons to discover the motives behind the Venetians’ denial of the emperors’ proposal. Analysis. After 1261 Constantinople kept numerous relics, particularly the Seamless Tunic of Christ and the Purple Robe. The sources in possession do not allow an unequivocal conclusion if the artifact offered to the Venetians was the Seamless Tunic or another one. In the author’s interpretation, the reason of Venice’s withdrawal from the deal was the empire’s bad “credit history.” In August 1343, the Senate of Venice gave credit of 30,000 gold ducats to the Empress Anna of Savoy for the deposit of the jewels of the crown. The Venetians permanently reminded Byzantium about the repayment of the debt and the ransom for the jewels, and, moreover, offered to take the island of Tenedos as a compensation. Therefore, the unsolved problem of the old debt made the new deal with the emperor hopeless in the Venetians’ eyes. Results. The case under analysis sheds light on the state of the Empire in the late fourteenth century. Manuel II Palaiologos put into the “diplomatic circulation” the relics which were convertible in the Christian West. The failure of his negotiations with Venice turned him to active search for other allies, whom he sent parts of the Tunic of Christ in order to gain their military and financial support.
The Byzantine Military Strategy in Asia Minor During the Early Palaiologan Period (1259–1328)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Zolotovskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the Byzantine war strategy in Asia Minor. A qualitative military and political characteristics of the main military expeditions to the eastern borders are crucial for the disclosure of this problem. From this aspect, the study addresses the following issues: defining of the role of the eastern military campaigns in the complex of military-strategic measures on the state scale; characteristics of the features the armed forces used, as well as the tasks solved during military expeditions to Asia Minor; disclosure of the features of military-technical measures to ensure the security of Byzantium eastern borders. Methods. Critical use of elements of civilizational, formational and systemic approaches is the methodological basis of this study. It should be noted that the use of a systematic approach in the analysis of the Byzantine troops combat practice in east direction, allows to determine the strategic objectives of military expeditions in Asia Minor, to reveal the logic of warfare in the eastern theater, to determine the functional purpose of military-technical measures. Analysis and Results. The study reveals the strategic concept of Byzantium armed forces military operations during the reign of the first Palaeologus on the Asia Minor territory. Analysis of combat practice allows us to conclude that the strategic priority of the western and northwestern directions, which required the use of the most combat-ready troops consisting of mercenaries during the reign of Michael VIII, determined the need to use the Byzantine troops at the eastern borders of the empire. TheByzantine army was episodically involved in major defensive expeditions to the borders of the empire. We determined that the purpose of these campaigns is to stop the advance of enemy armies and their subsequent expulsion from the empire. This logic of military operations does not mean the loss of strategic initiative at the eastern direction. The strategy of passive defense which determined the nature of the military confrontation in the Asia Minor region was ensured by the creation of a garrison system, or a line of fortresses, on the eastern borders of the empire. Fortification activities of Michael VIII and Andronikos II in 1280–1282 temporarily stopped the advance of the Turkish troops. However, natural factors and the intensification of the economic crisis at the end of the 13th century made it impossible to preserve the defensive line located along the banks of the rivers that served as the borders of the Byzantine state. In addition, the strengthening of the military-political power of the emirates of Menteşe, Aydinoglu and Osman led to the loss of the initiative by the Byzantine troops and, as a result, the reduction of the Asia Minor territories of the empire. In an effort to change the situation, Andronicus II proceeded to implement an active defense strategy.
The Concepts of Justice and Piety in the Byzantine Political and Philosophical Thought of the 4th Century
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Karchagin Evgeniy , Tokareva Svetlana ,   Volgograd State University, Yavorskiy Dmitriy ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the transformations of the concept of justice in early Byzantine thought. The purpose of the article is to test the hypothesis that the semantic shifts in the meaning of the concept of justice in the philosophical and theological literature were due to political processes and events. Methods. The article analyzes the political philosophical and political theological texts of the fourth century: “Oration in Honor of Constantine on the Thirtieth Anniversary of His Reign” by Eusebius of Caesarea; “Panegyric in Honour of Constantius” and “The Heroic Deeds of Constantius” by emperor Julian (“The Apostate”); “On Kingship” by Synesius of Cyrene. In the course of the analysis, the methodological tools of the history of concepts were used. Analysis. The analysis revealed a conflict between the concepts of “justice” and “piety”. It was found that the analyzed texts violate the ancient political and philosophical correlation of these concepts in which piety is considered as a form of justice. In the texts of Eusebius of Caesarea, piety is presented as a particular virtue without any connection with justice. Moreover, the frequency of using the concept of “piety” in the sense of the ruler’s virtue significantly exceeds the frequency of using the concept of “justice” in the sense of political virtue. In the texts of the Emperor Justinian, the discursive status of “justice” is restored. However, in the political philosophy of Synesius of Cyrene, the correlation of the concepts of “justice” and “piety” prescribed by Eusebius of Caesarea is fixed. Results. These processes is due to the influence of religious discourse on political one which is quite understandable in the works of theologians, on the one hand, and the crisis of polis and republican political technologies and discourses in the situation of increasing complexity of administrative tasks faced by the Roman emperors of the 4th century, on the other hand which subsequently led to the formation of a specific Byzantine “taxis” – a socio-cultural order. In this regard, the texts of Emperor Julian can be considered as an unsuccessful attempt to restore the previous discourse, an attempt to restore justice to a dominant place among the virtues of the ruler. The failure of this attempt is attested from the texts of Synesius of Cyrene. All the above allows us to conclude that a new Christian-imperial political discourse is being generated in the corpus of philosophical and theological texts in which the concept of justice is given a relatively modest place.
The Elevation of the See of Constantinople at the Council of Chalcedon: The Course of the Procedure
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University for the Humanities, Gratsianskiy Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Despite multiple references to the proposed topic in the scholarly literature, it still seems relevant to identify and consistently describe the entire set of measures taken at the Council of Chalcedon in order to raise the status of the see of Constantinople. Methods. The work is based on the application of the historicalcritical method of analysing source data of the original text, compiled in Greek and Latin. Analysis. The article consistently describes and analyses the church-political steps and actions taken during the conciliar meetings, which paved the way for the elevation (“addition to honour”) of the see of Constantinople, which took place during the 17th conciliar act. These measures included the corroboration of the status of the Council of Constantinople in 381 as the Second Ecumenical Council, the use of the ecclesiastical and political actions of the see of Constantinople in the previous period as court of appeal and “superprovincial” instance as precedents, as well as a demonstration of the equal status of the Archbishop of Constantinople in relation to his Roman counterpart. The result was the adoption of the so-called 28th canon and its approval by the officials presiding at the council, and then by the emperor Marcian himself. Results. The author concludes that the actions taken by the officials, who were presiding at the council, and the representatives of the Church of Constantinople during the council were planned and consistently aimed at establishing the equal honour of the see of Constantinople in relation to the see of Rome and its second place in regard to the latter. He also points to certain similarities in the process of elevation of both sees.