bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which group activities work best for persons with dementia? A comparison of ratings from therapeutic recreation staff and research observers
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield, PhD Jiska , Truong, PhD Linda , Gavendo, BA, CTRS Rachel , Blackburn, BA, CTRS Erin , Hirshfeld, MA, CTRS Karen
Published: May 2020

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the perceived impact of therapeutic recreation activities for Persons with Dementia (PwD) on the groups’ participants and on the staff running the groups in order to enhance the understanding of factors which impact the outcomes of therapeutic recreation. Ten therapeutic recreation staff (TRS) members led two series of 10 different group activities for 104 PwD. Afterward, they reported the activities they deemed most versus least successful for participants and for themselves. These evaluations were compared with observations of outcomes (attendance, engagement, affect) as rated by both TRS and research observers immediately after the activities. Choral-singing and brain games were most frequently reported as most successful for participants; holiday newsletter and creative storytelling were most often mentioned as least successful. Activities reported to be more successful for participants were also likely to be considered more successful for TRS. This work provides insight for future investigation on the variables affecting the impact of group activities on both the target audience and on the staff running them.
The vertical structure and spatial variability of lower-tropospheric water vapor and clouds in the trades
Authors: Naumann Ann Kristin , Kiemle Christoph
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Horizontal and vertical variability of water vapor is omnipresent in the tropics, but its interaction with cloudiness poses challenges for weather and climate models. In this study we compare airborne lidar measurements from a summer and a winter field campaign in the tropical Atlantic with high-resolution simulations to analyze the water vapor distributions in the trade wind regime, its covariation with cloudiness, and their representation in simulations. Across model grid spacing from 300 m to 2.5 km, the simulations show good skill in reproducing the water vapor distribution in the trades as measured by the lidar. An exception to this is a pronounced moist model bias at the top of the shallow cumulus layer in the dry winter season which is accompanied by a humidity gradient that is too weak at the inversion near the cloud top. The model's underestimation of water vapor variability in the cloud and subcloud layer occurs in both seasons but is less pronounced than the moist model bias at the inversion. Despite the model's insensitivity to resolution from hecto- to kilometer scale for the distribution of water vapor, cloud fraction decreases strongly with increasing model resolution and is not converged at hectometer grid spacing. The observed cloud deepening with increasing water vapor path is captured well across model resolution, but the concurrent transition from cloud-free to low cloud fraction is better represented at hectometer resolution. In particular, in the wet summer season the simulations with kilometer-scale resolution overestimate the observed cloud fraction near the inversion but lack condensate near the observed cloud base. This illustrates how a model's ability to properly capture the water vapor distribution does not necessarily translate into an adequate representation of shallow cumulus clouds that live at the tail of the water vapor distribution.
Long-term variance of heavy precipitation across central Europe using a large ensemble of regional climate model simulations
Authors: Ehmele Florian , Kautz Lisa-Ann , Feldmann Hendrik , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Widespread flooding events are among the major natural hazards in central Europe. Such events are usually related to intensive, long-lasting precipitation over larger areas. Despite some prominent floods during the last three decades (e.g., 1997, 1999, 2002, and 2013), extreme floods are rare and associated with estimated long return periods of more than 100 years. To assess the associated risks of such extreme events, reliable statistics of precipitation and discharge are required. Comprehensive observations, however, are mainly available for the last 50–60 years or less. This shortcoming can be reduced using stochastic data sets. One possibility towards this aim is to consider climate model data or extended reanalyses. This study presents and discusses a validation of different century-long data sets, decadal hindcasts, and also predictions for the upcoming decade combined to a new large ensemble. Global reanalyses for the 20th century with a horizontal resolution of more than 100 km have been dynamically downscaled with a regional climate model (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling – CLimate Mode; COSMO-CLM) towards a higher resolution of 25 km. The new data sets are first filtered using a dry-day adjustment. Evaluation focuses on intensive widespread precipitation events and related temporal variabilities and trends. The presented ensemble data are within the range of observations for both statistical distributions and time series. The temporal evolution during the past 60 years is captured. The results reveal some long-term variability with phases of increased and decreased precipitation rates. The overall trend varies between the investigation areas but is mostly significant. The predictions for the upcoming decade show ongoing tendencies with increased areal precipitation. The presented regional climate model (RCM) ensemble not only allows for more robust statistics in general, it is also suitable for a better estimation of extreme values.
Short communication: Landlab v2.0: a software package for Earth surface dynamics
Authors: Barnhart Katherine R. , Hutton Eric W. H. , Tucker Gregory E. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Lyons Nathan J. , Mouchene Margaux , Nudurupati Sai Siddhartha , Adams Jordan M. , Bandaragoda Christina
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Numerical simulation of the form and characteristics of Earth's surface provides insight into its evolution. Landlab is an open-source Python package that contains modularized elements of numerical models for Earth's surface, thus reducing time required for researchers to create new or reimplement existing models. Landlab contains a gridding engine which represents the model domain as a dual graph of structured quadrilaterals (e.g., raster) or irregular Voronoi polygon–Delaunay triangle mesh (e.g., regular hexagons, radially symmetric meshes, and fully irregular meshes). Landlab also contains components – modular implementations of single physical processes – and a suite of utilities that support numerical methods, input/output, and visualization. This contribution describes package development since version 1.0 and backward-compatibility-breaking changes that necessitate the new major release, version 2.0. Substantial changes include refactoring the grid, improving the component standard interface, dropping Python 2 support, and creating 31 new components – for a total of 58 components in the Landlab package. We describe reasons why many changes were made in order to provide insight for designers of future packages. We conclude by discussing lessons about the dynamics of scientific software development gained from the experience of using, developing, maintaining, and teaching with Landlab.
A geophone-based and low-cost data acquisition and analysis system designed to microtremor measurements
Authors: Kafadar Ozkan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The commercial data acquisition instruments designed for three-component microtremor measurements are usually very expensive devices. In this paper, a low-cost, computer-aided and geophone-based system designed to record, monitor and analyze the three-component microtremor data, is presented. This proposed system is not a simple data acquisition system. It is also an integrated system developed to interpret the microtermor data without any external software. Therefore, the predominant frequency and ground amplification factor of survey area can be easily estimated by using this system. The proposed system has several features such as 200 Hz sampling frequency, approximately 72 dB dynamic range, text data format and data analysis tools. This system consists of a graphical user interface developed by using .NET Framework 4.5.2 and an external hardware that includes signal conditioning circuits, voltage converter circuit, external analog-to-digital converter and Arduino Uno board. The proposed system uses the low-cost and high gain geophones with 4.5 Hz natural frequency to measure three-component microtremor data. The developed software undertakes many tasks such as communication between the external hardware and computer, transferring, monitoring and recording the seismic data to computer, and interpretation of the recorded data using the Nakamura method. To demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the proposed system, the channel consistency and internal noise measurement tests are performed. Besides, the proposed system is compared to a commercial digitizer and the obtained results are presented in this study.
Topographic uncertainty quantification for flow-like landslide models via stochastic simulations
Authors: Zhao Hu , Kowalski Julia
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Digital elevation models (DEMs) representing topography are an essential input for computational models capable of simulating the run-out of flow-like landslides. Yet, DEMs are often subject to error, a fact that is mostly overlooked in landslide modeling. We address this research gap and investigate the impact of topographic uncertainty on landslide run-out models. In particular, we will describe two different approaches to account for DEM uncertainty, namely unconditional and conditional stochastic simulation methods. We investigate and discuss their feasibility, as well as whether DEM uncertainty represented by stochastic simulations critically affects landslide run-out simulations. Based upon a historic flow-like landslide event in Hong Kong, we present a series of computational scenarios to compare both methods using our modular Python-based workflow. Our results show that DEM uncertainty can significantly affect simulation-based landslide run-out analyses, depending on how well the underlying flow path is captured by the DEM, as well as on further topographic characteristics and the DEM error's variability. We further find that, in the absence of systematic bias in the DEM, a performant root-mean-square-error-based unconditional stochastic simulation yields similar results to a computationally intensive conditional stochastic simulation that takes actual DEM error values at reference locations into account. In all other cases the unconditional stochastic simulation overestimates the variability in the DEM error, which leads to an increase in the potential hazard area as well as extreme values of dynamic flow properties.
Detecting seasonal ice dynamics in satellite images
Authors: Greene Chad A. , Gardner Alex S. , Andrews Lauren C.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Fully understanding how glaciers respond to environmental change will require new methods to help us identify the onset of ice acceleration events and observe how dynamic signals propagate within glaciers. In particular, observations of ice dynamics on seasonal timescales may offer insights into how a glacier interacts with various forcing mechanisms throughout the year. The task of generating continuous ice velocity time series that resolve seasonal variability is made difficult by the finite integration time over which ice velocities are measured from optical and repeat SAR imagery, and by a spotty satellite record that contains no optical observations throughout dark, polar winters. In this paper, we describe a method of analyzing feature-tracked velocities to characterize the magnitude and timing of seasonal ice dynamic variability. Our method is agnostic to data gaps and is able to recover climatological average winter velocities regardless of the availability of direct observations during winter. Using characteristic image acquisition times and error distributions from Antarctic image pairs in the ITS_LIVE dataset, we generate synthetic ice velocity time series, then apply our method to recover imposed magnitudes of seasonal variability within ±1.4 m yr−1. We then validate the techniques by comparing our results to GPS data collected on Russell Glacier in Greenland. The methods presented here may be applied to better understand how ice dynamic signals propagate on seasonal timescales, and what mechanisms control the flow of the world’s ice.
Parameterizing anisotropic reflectance of snow surfaces from airborne digital camera observations in Antarctica
Authors: Carlsen Tim , Birnbaum Gerit , Ehrlich André , Helm Veit , Jäkel Evelyn , Schäfer Michael , Wendisch Manfred
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The angular reflection of solar radiation by snow surfaces comprises an important boundary condition for radiative transfer simulations. In polar regions, the surface reflection is particularly anisotropic due to low sun elevations and the highly anisotropic scattering phase function of ice crystals. This anisotropy needs to be considered in the angular modeling of the surface reflection, which is essential for satellite remote sensing techniques. To quantify the snow reflection properties, the hemispherical-directional reflectance function (HDRF) of snow surfaces was derived from airborne measurements using a digital 180° fish-eye camera (green channel, 490–585 nm wavelength band) in Antarctica during austral summer in 2013/14. This function was measured for different surface roughnesses, optical-equivalent snow grain sizes, and solar zenith angles. The airborne observations covered an area of around 1000 × 1000 km2 in the vicinity of Kohnen station (75°0′ S, 0°4′ E) at the outer part of the East Antarctic Plateau. The observations over Dronning Maud Land include regions with higher (coastal areas) and lower (inner Antarctica) precipitation amounts and frequencies. The digital camera was calibrated in terms of spectral radiances and installed in a downward-looking configuration on a research aircraft. It provides upward, angular-dependent radiance measurements from the lower hemisphere. The comparison of HDRF data derived for smooth and rough snow surfaces (sastrugi) showed significant differences, which are superimposed on the diurnal cycle. By inverting a semi-empirical, kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model, the measured HDRF of snow surfaces was parameterized with respect to solar zenith angle, surface roughness, and optical-equivalent snow grain size. This allows a direct comparison of the HDRF measurements with the BRDF derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite product MCD43. For the analyzed cases, MODIS observations generally underestimated the anisotropy of the surface reflection. Some of these deviations between airborne and MODIS satellite retrievals are likely linked to short-term changes in snow properties.
Actuator line simulations of wind turbine wakes using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Asmuth Henrik , Olivares-Espinosa Hugo , Ivanell Stefan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The high computational demand of large-eddy simulations (LESs) remains the biggest obstacle for a wider applicability of the method in the field of wind energy. Recent progress of GPU-based (graphics processing unit) lattice Boltzmann frameworks provides significant performance gains alleviating such constraints. The presented work investigates the potential of LES of wind turbine wakes using the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (CLBM). The wind turbine is represented by the actuator line model (ALM). The implementation is validated and discussed by means of a code-to-code comparison to an established finite-volume Navier–Stokes solver. To this end, the ALM is subjected to both laminar and turbulent inflow while a standard Smagorinsky sub-grid-scale model is employed in the two numerical approaches. The resulting wake characteristics are discussed in terms of the first- and second-order statistics as well the spectra of the turbulence kinetic energy. The near-wake characteristics in laminar inflow are shown to match closely with differences of less than 3 % in the wake deficit. Larger discrepancies are found in the far wake and relate to differences in the point of the laminar-turbulent transition of the wake. In line with other studies, these differences can be attributed to the different orders of accuracy of the two methods. Consistently better agreement is found in turbulent inflow due to the lower impact of the numerical scheme on the wake transition. In summary, the study outlines the feasibility of wind turbine simulations using the CLBM and further validates the presented set-up. Furthermore, it highlights the computational potential of GPU-based LBM implementations for wind energy applications. For the presented cases, near-real-time performance was achieved using a single, off-the-shelf GPU on a local workstation.
Actitudes ante el recuerdo en el cine de ficción de Carlos Saura durante el tardofranquismo y la Transición Española: de la memoria activa de Los ojos vendados (1978) a la memoria pasiva de Dulces horas (1982)
Authors: Planes Pedreño José Antonio
Published: May 2020

Este artículo analiza el flashback, la imagen mental y la metalepsis en dos largometrajes esenciales dentro del ciclo memorístico que el cineasta Carlos Saura desarrolla durante el tardofranquismo y, sobre todo, la Transición democrática: Los ojos vendados (1978) y Dulces horas (1982). Aunque en ambas películas subyace una marcada dimensión metaficcional, el discurso mnemónico de cada una de ellas conduce a identificar, respectivamente, dos constructos opuestos: memoria activa o rehabilitadora, en la primera obra; memoria pasiva o narcotizante, en la segunda. La singularidad de los dos filmes seleccionados nos permite adentrarnos en estas dos actitudes recordatorias, las mismas con las cuales pueden ser agrupados los seis títulos restantes del mencionado ciclo.
Undercover for the Movement: The Story of Stanley Boyd
Authors: Hamlin Françoise N.
Published: May 2020

Drawing from archives, oral histories, interviews, and Boyd’s own writing, this article considers the fascinating story of Stanley Boyd, a white volunteer born in California who went undercover in Clarksdale, Mississippi, during the Mississippi Summer Project in 1964. Armed with his whiteness, a typewriter, and a carefully crafted cover, his mission was to acquire as much information as possible about the city’s power structure in order to assist civil rights activists on various fronts. With this research he also completed a master’s thesis. Situating Boyd in the surveillance culture of the 1960s, one dominated by the FBI, COINTELPRO, and the informants used against the movement, this essay explores how movement organizers utilized multiple strategies, even espionage, playing back at their enemies with their own game via the unadvertised and scarcely documented “special project.” This essay also expands the scope of movement activism beyond purely reactionary or protest-driven activities to include careful planning and strategizing to yield information for the most impact.
BUILD, Baltimore’s Working Poor, and Economic Citizenship in the 1990s
Authors: Deslippe Dennis
Published: May 2020

This essay examines the history of economic citizenship in urban America in the 1990s by focusing on Baltimoreans United in Leadership Development (known more commonly by its acronym BUILD). In 1994, this “citizens power organization” of churches and congregations won the first living wage ordinance in the United States. Its response to the urban redevelopment regime of the 1980s and 1990s focused on the needs of the Baltimore poor and working-class service workers. Although BUILD was a self-described “multiracial, ecumenical, city-wide institutionally based organization,” its agenda was attentive to the way differently situated workers experienced urban decline and redevelopment. This was the case in Baltimore where African American citizens—especially African American women—constituted a significant proportion of its service-workers ranks.
Direct Common Carotid Artery Puncture: Rescue Mechanical Thrombectomy Strategy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Akpinar Cetin Kursad , Gurkas Erdem , Aykac Ozlem , Inanc Yusuf , Giray Semih , Ozdemir Atilla Ozcan
Published: May 2020

Purpose: In a minority of cases, the transfemoral approach cannot be performed due to unfavorable anatomical barriers. In such cases, direct common carotid artery puncture (DCCAP) is an important alternative for rescue mechanical thrombectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCCAP in patients with an unaccessible femoral route for mechanical thrombectomy.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study using data in the Turkish Interventional Neurology Database recorded between January 2015 and April 2019. Twenty-five acute stroke patients treated with DCCAP were analyzed in this study. Among 25 cases with carotid puncture, 4 cases were excluded due to an aborted thrombectomy attempt resulting from unsuccessful sheath placement.Results: Patients had a mean age of 69±12 years. The average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16±4. Successful revascularization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b-3) rate was 86% (18/21), and 90-day good functional outcome rate (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was 38% (8/21).Conclusion: DCCAP is a rescue alternative for patients with unfavorable access via the transfemoral route. Timely switching to DCCAP is crucial in these cases.
Low-Dose Fluoroscopy Protocol for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Song Yunsun , Han Seongsik , Kim Byung Jun , Oh Seong Heum , Kim Jin Su , Kim Tae Il , Lee Deok Hee
Published: May 2020

Purpose: We applied a low-dose fluoroscopic protocol in routine diagnostic cerebral angiography and evaluated the feasibility of the protocol.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 60 patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography for various neurovascular diseases from September to November 2019. Routine protocols were used for patients in the first phase and low-dose protocols in the second phase. We compared radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, and complications between groups.Results: Age, diseases, and operators were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean fluoroscopy dose significantly decreased by 52% in the low-dose group (3.09 vs. 6.38 Gy·cm2 ); however, the total dose was not significantly different between the two groups (34.07 vs. 33.70 Gy·cm2 ). The total fluoroscopic time was slightly longer in the low-dose group, but the difference was not statistically significant (12.2. vs. 12.5 minutes). In all patients, angiography was successfully performed without complications.Conclusion: The low-dose fluoroscopy protocol is feasible to apply for diagnostic cerebral angiography in that this protocol could significantly reduce the fluoroscopic dose.
Effectiveness, Risks and Prospects of Legal Regulation and Practical Functioning of Electronic Visas in Saudi Arabia and Ukraine
Authors: Pyvovar Yuriy , Bandar Nizar
Published: May 2020

The Electronic visa legislative regulation is one of the highest priorities in the country's migration, security and visa policies. The purpose of this study is to compare the legal aspects of visa policy making in the process of issuing electronic visas in Ukraine and in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the distinctive and common features of this type of visa, legislative features, practical aspects, taking into account the specific national legislation of these countries; elicit the disadvantages and perspectives of e-visa. Over a period of 3 months, about 100 Saudi and 20 Ukrainian respondents were interviewed to identify the pros and cons of existing e-visa regulations in both countries. As a results of the research, the hypothesis put forward regarding the fact that in the next 5-10 years, e-visas will almost completely replace the visa application for obtaining short-term visas through diplomatic institutions. It was established that this required the creation of a more simplified and faster way to obtain an e-visa, while not losing ground in matters of state security and migration. As a result of comparison it has been established that service of electronic visas in Ukraine was launched one and a half years earlier than in Saudi Arabia, which enabled her to secure more completely the situation and take into account the nuances of the legislative level; the amount of the visa fee for applying for an electronic visa established by Ukraine and Saudi Arabia is acceptable for most applicants, although in comparison with a visa-free or one-time electronic authorization fee for several years, these amounts are large.
Political Extremism and Separatism: Brief Review and Analysis of Studies
Authors: Medvedev Nikolay P. , Slizovskiy Dmitry E. , Jawad Hafizullah , Madingue Randah , Oanh Nguyen Thi Hoang
Published: May 2020

The article presents a brief review of the studies of political extremism and separatism and the processes associated with them published in Russian and English over the past 10 years. In the center of the analysis is an attempt to describe the specifics and features of the dominant centers for the formation of a new academic and propaganda language that creates the content of ideas about the modern stage of separatism. The results of the study show that the current stage of the global world order and thinking form a different scale and priorities of the reasons and motives for the separatism use. The structure and significance of separatism factors and ideas about it change, but the content of power and politics and the dominant groups of influence, do not change. The separatism tension points have shifted from the traditional causes and motives for the growth of separatist sentiment to a combination of crude and veiled support for separatism and the use of its potential on a global scale by the governments of the leading countries. The process of reformatting the consciousness and politics of the supporters of separatism, who have created their own nation-states, has gained momentum.
Inhibitory Effect of Several Mangifera indica Cultivar Leaf Extracts on the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)
Authors: Itoh Kimihisa , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Minami Kanasa , Okamoto Mamoru , Tomohiro Norimichi , Shimizu Kosuke , Kajiyama Shin’ichiro , Endo Yuichi , Matsuda Hideaki , Shigeoka Shigeru
Published: May 2020

As a part of our ongoing research to find novel functions in mango leaves, we have reported that the methanolic extract of pruned old dark green mango leaf (Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’) exhibited inhibitory effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in nonenzymatic glycation of albumin. The purpose of this study was to find other mango cultivars with more potent activity in this regard. We examined the inhibitory effect of seventeen mango (Mangifera indica) cultivar leaf extracts on AGEs formation. We also investigated the relationship between the inhibitory activity of the extracts and the contents of their active components, 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), mangiferin (2) and chlorophyll (3). On the basis of the evaluation of the inhibitory activity of mango cultivar leaf extracts, the HPLC determination of the contents of 1 and 2, and the spectrophotometric determination of 3, it was found that almost all extract showed a significant activity, and the content of 2 and 3 detected in each was similar. In contrast, AGEs formation inhibition tended to be higher as the content of 1 in the leaf extracts increased. This is the first report of phytochemical analysis of compounds 1, 2 and 3 in various cultivars of mango leaf. From the phytochemical point of view, these results suggest that the pruned leaves of any cultivar of Mangifera indica except ‘Chiin Hwang No. 1’ and ‘Kyo Savoy’ may be useful for the preparation of natural ingredients with inhibitory activity of AGEs formation.
Achieving ‘Good Health and Well-Being’ for Women in Diverse Socio-Economic Neighbourhoods
Authors: Lee Seyeon
Published: May 2020

Designing a place for women facing daily hardships often demands a distinct set of interventions that often bring unique challenges to designers. The Northside neighborhood is a poor and racially tensioned neighborhood with a lack of opportunity and social support. Many families in this neighborhood experiencing economic difficulties rising from such inequality and inadequate provision of opportunity, have raised concerns for no or limited access to basic necessities such as housing and healthcare. Particularly women in the Northside neighborhood raised their concerns about not a having socially and culturally safe environment in which they can engage in wellness activities (Stasya Erickson and Jonathan Logan, Personal Communication, June 18, 2018). Having daily challenges with childcare, financial hardship, accessibility, communication, cultural traditions that prevent them from taking care of their mental and physical wellness, these women do not have the luxury to concern about their health and wellbeing. Besides, conventional health facilities have been designed rather emphasizing the functional delivery of the space, which often lacked or unsuited to satisfy the psychological or social needs. This paper discusses the processes and results of three community design charrettes conducted to gather information on the need for women's fitness center with an aim to promote holistic means of wellness. The three design charrettes were organized with a) residents from the Northside community (n=15); b) local organizational stakeholders and community leaders (n=7), and c) potential wellness center partners (n=2). In conjunction with the design charrettes, an alternative market study survey (n=108) was conducted to learn about people’s opinions and views on the community’s primary interests and the needs for the women-focused health system in the Northside neighborhood. Both charrettes and survey discovered that women’s immense needs for childcare, sense of community, security, and privacy can be pursued through their participation to participate in the wellness activities. This research posits that design based on community’s voices would help designers, educators, and policymakers to produce a realistic and impactful design that responds to the needs of women in diverse socio-economic neighborhoods.
Tendências e oportunidades em lógicas institucionais: um estudo baseado em pareamento bibliográfico
Authors: Zanin Luis Miguel , Da Cunha Júlio Araújo Carneiro
Published: May 2020

Objetivo do Estudo: Analisar, por meio do pareamento bibliográfico, as possibilidades e oportunidades de estudos futuros em lógicas institucionais, com destaque às oportunidades para a área de estratégia.Metodologia/Abordagem: Este é um estudo bibliométrico, no qual analisamos a produção em lógicas institucionais, por meio da técnica de pareamento bibliográfico.Originalidade/Relevância: Lógicas institucionais são um desdobramento recente do neoinstitucionalismo e oferece uma oportunidade de estudos, indicando as principais possibilidades de contribuição tanto no tema das lógicas institucionais em si, quanto na relação com a estratégia.Principais Resultados: Devido à maturidade da teoria neoinstitucional, as lógicas institucionais se apresentam, de certo modo, de forma coesa. No entanto, ao contrário do neoinstitucionalismo, apresenta-se como uma opção baseada na teoria institucional para explicar as mudanças e inovações, temas caros à estratégia.Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas: Este trabalho apresenta três contribuições principais: a) indica quais temas dentro do campo estão mais maduros, como complexidade institucional, e quais são emergentes, como a hibridização e categorização como elemento de mudança institucional; b) mostra que os estudos em estratégia estão mais relacionados a lógicas institucionais, como a teoria do alto escalão e a tomada de decisão; e c) entrega acompanhamento objetivo do alinhamento da identidade e seu reflexo no desempenho da organização, a considerar as lógicas institucionais como elementos que direcionarão as tomadas de decisão da organização, inclusive sob o ponto de vista da estratégia como prática. Por último, sob o ponto de vista metodológico, este trabalho contribui por utilizar o pareamento bibliográfico.
There’s More to Colour than Meets the Eye; Medieval and Early Modern Colour Perception
Authors: Bucklow Spike
Published: May 2020

This paper will review some ways in which colours could have been perceived in the Middle Ages in Western Europe. Central to the paper is an assertion that, historically, colour was perceived as an embodied phenomenon. Whilst colour was in itself immaterial, it was produced as the result of interactions between light and material and was received into the body as a vehicle that carried properties associated with the (earthly) material with which (heavenly) light had interacted. The question of colour is approached from the practical engagements of those who interacted with coloured artefacts – like craftspeople and consumers – and assumes a limited access to contemporary theories of colour.
Maternal killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and paternal human leukocyte antigen ligands in recurrent pregnancy loss cases in Turkey
Authors: Elbaşı Mehmet Onur , Tulunay Aysın , Karagözoğlu Hale , Kahraman Semra , Ekşioğlu-Demiralp Emel
Published: May 2020

Objective: The survival of a semi-allogeneic fetus depends on several immunological mechanisms, and it has been suggested that recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) could develop as a result of one or more immunological abnormalities.Methods: Compatibility between partners for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes and the relationships between maternal killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and paternal HLA-Bw4/Bw6 and HLA-C1/C2 supra-groups were investigated in 25 couples with RPL in comparison to healthy couples with children. HLA and KIR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers and/or sequence-specific oligonucleotides.Results: HLA class I incompatibility between partners, especially in HLA-B alleles, was more common in the RPL group (p= 0.01). HLA-C2 homozygosity was more frequent in the male partners of RPL couples than in other groups (p= 0.03). The KIR2DL5 gene frequency was significantly higher in both the female and male partners of RPL couples, whereas the KIR2DS3 gene frequency in male partners of RPL couples was significantly reduced (p= 0.03). The presence of KIR2DL3 in women with RPL was correlated with the presence of HLA-C2 alleles in their spouses (p= 0.03).Conclusion: Our data from a Turkish population suggest that male HLA-C2 homozygosity may play an important role in RPL. Additionally, an incidental match between male HLA-C2 and female HLA-C1 ligand KIR receptors might perturb the balance between activatory and inhibitory KIR-ligand interactions during pregnancy in couples affected by RPL. The roles of orphan KIR2DL5 and orphan KIR2DS3 in RPL remain obscure.
SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACTINIDE-CONTAINING SPECIES FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES: THORIUM AND AMERICIUM MONOXIDE MOLECULES
Authors: Smirnov Alexander N. , Solomonik Victor G. N.
Published: May 2020

A relativistic version of a composite ab initio treatment of molecular spectroscopy and thermochemistry is developed, focusing on high-accuracy description of the properties of actinide (An) containing species. It is based on combining the calculation results at levels of theory with sufficiently full account of electron correlation, e.g., at the CCSDT(Q) level, but tackling only scalar relativity, with those obtained from more rigorous four-component relativistic calculations with the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian. High accuracy achievable via this approach is revealed taking the examples of thorium and americium monoxide molecules. The errors in ab initio values for the bond length re, vibrational frequency ωe, and atomization energy D0 of the ThO molecule did not exceed 0.001 Å, 2.5 cm–1, and 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The composite numerical values for the first ionization potentials of the AmO molecule and the Am atom deviate from the experimental data just by 0.03 eV and 1 cm–1, respectively. For the first time, the proposed approach enabled high-accuracy evaluation of the molecular constants re, ωe and D0 for AmO and AmO+, as well as the second and third ionization potentials of the Am atom. The calculation results are indicative of a minor actinide contraction of the An–O bonds on going through the molecular series ThO → UO → AmO: the bond length in AmO is by 0.0073 Å shorter than that in ThO. The re(An–O) value is shown to be linearly dependent on the actinide atomic number in the periodic table. The results obtained may be used as benchmarks for parametrizing and calibrating the DFT functionals designed for treating An-containing molecules.
FEATURES OF BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC AMMONIUM SALTS WHEN ISOLATING RUBBER FROM LATEX
Authors: Nikulin Sergey S. , Nikulina Nadezhda S. , Bulatetskaya Tatyana M. , Verezhnikov Victor N.
Published: May 2020

The influence of low-and high-molecular substances on the stability of various lyophobic colloidal systems is among the earliest empirical and intuitively used phenomena. The water-soluble organic salts are applied in different industries including latex technology. This is related to a complex of various colloid-chemical phenomena and their interaction with latex dispersed phase and its components. Nowadays some high-molecular and low-molecular organic reagents are used to reduce the aggregate stability of latex system on an industrial scale. In the article, the coagulating ability of ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate and ammonium citrate were estimated for the latex coagulation in the comparison with an inorganic ammonium salt and sodium chloride. The influence of the nature of salt component, as well as its consumption, on the technological features of the coagulation process in the emulsion latex was established. The relationship between the consumption of organic ammonium salt and acidifying component on the complete coagulation was shown. It’s worth noting that the strength of the acid, which forms the ammonium salt, has an effect on the technological extraction process of rubber from latex. The stronger the organic acid, the lower the consumption of the acidifying agent, and complete coagulation is achieved at lower consumption of coagulants. Peculiar behavior of ammonium citrate has been noted: complete coagulation wasn’t achieved with the consumption of this salt over 200 kg/t of rubber and increased consumption of the acidifying agent. It can be due to the fact that citric acid is an oxyacid and shows properties characteristic for surfactants and increases the aggregate stability of the system. These rubbers, rubber compounds and vulcanizates obtained correspond to standard parameters.
DEPENDENCE OF DYNAMIC VISCOSITY OF NAPHTHENIC HYDROCARBONS IN CYCLOPENTANE SERIES ON QUANTUM AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Kovaleva Ella A. , Dolomatov Mikhail Yu.
Published: May 2020

Interrelation of parameters for Newtonian fluid viscous flow of monocyclic hydrocarbons with quantum and structural (topological) characteristics of molecules are considered. Ionization potentials and topological indices, respectively, were considered as quantum and topological characteristics. The vertical ionization potentials were calculated by the Koopmans ' theorem of quantum chemical methods with full molecular geometry optimization. We have studied topological indices that take into account the size and shape of the molecular graph. As a topological descriptors the Wiener index, the Balaban centric index, the Randic index (the index of molecular connectivity), Gutman (Szeged) index, Platt index and the Harary index were considered. For hydrocarbons in cyclopentane series with side chains, the kinetic compensation effect of dynamic viscosity has been established, which connects the activation energy and Arrhenius factor in the framework of the Frenkel-Eyring model. It is established that for compounds of a number of five-membered naphthenes, the apparent activation energy for viscous flow and the associated pre-exponential factor, depends on quantum parameters (ionization potentials) and the topology of the molecules.  In this paper, a regression quantitative structure−property relationship (QSPR) is proposed using as descriptors the ionization potentials and topological indices for the prediction of dynamic viscosity.  Prognostics capabilities of the proposed model and the adequacy of the forecast were verified by calculating the values of the dynamic viscosity of hydrocarbons that are not included in the base series. Experimental and theoretical substantiation of the proposed regularity was given within the framework of the representation of the viscous flow activation energy as a measure of intermolecular interaction and the predominance of dispersion interaction in hydrocarbon molecules for cyclopentane series. The equation obtained during the study can be used to predict the viscosity characteristics of synthesized and natural five-membered naphthenes.
INTERACTION OF α-CARBANIONS OF LITHIUM ACYLATES WITH 1,2-DIBROMOALKANES
Authors: Zorin Alexander V. , Chanysheva Aliya R. , Lenkova Anastasia O. , Zorin Vladimir V.
Published: May 2020

We have studied the interaction of α-carbanions of lithium acylates with 1,2-dibromoalkanes with different length of the carbon chain in order to establish the direction of the reaction. Interaction of α-carbanions of lithium acylates obtained by metallation of acetic, butyric and isobutyric acids with lithium diisopropylamide and 1,2-dibromoalkanes (1,2-dibromohexane, 1,2-dibromoheptane or 1,2-dibromononane) with a molar ratio of reactants equal to 1: 2: 1 in argon atmosphere in tetrahydrofuran under normal conditions (20-25 °C) for 2 h leads to the products of the oxidative coupling of enolate anions: succinic acid, 2,3-diethylsuccinic acid (mixture of diastereomers of meso- and (±) -form in a ratio of ~ 2: 1) and 2,2,3,3-tetramethylsuccinic acid with 10-70% yields. We didn’t observe any products of sequential nucleophilic substitution in reaction. The yields of dicarboxylic acids depend on the structure of the initial α-carbanion of lithium acylate and on the carbon chain length of 1,2-dibromoalkane involved in the reaction. We established that the oxidative coupling proceeds most effectively in the interaction of 1,2-dibromoalkanes with an α-carbanion containing an anionoid center at the secondary α-carbon atom - α-carbanion of lithium butyrate (2,3-diethylsuccinic acid yields are 31-70%). We suggested the most probable anion-radical scheme of the formation of the products of the oxidative coupling of α-carbanions of lithium acylates through electron transfer from the enolate anion to 1,2-dibromoalkane with the generation of its radical anion. The pathways for the formation of primary bromoalkanes (1-bromohexane, 1-bromoheptane, 1-bromononane) and terminal olefins (hexene-1, heptene-1, nonene-1) that are generated from the corresponding 1,2-dibromoalkanes during the elimination of their radical anions with the loss of the bromine anion and the subsequent stabilization of 1-bromoalkyl radicals by abstraction of the hydrogen atom from the solvent, or by bromine elimination, are shown.
SOLUBILITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SATURATED SOLUTIONS IN CESIUM MOLYBDATE – ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL – WATER SYSTEM AT 25 °C
Authors: Kyarov Aslan A. , Mukozheva Radina A. , Vindizheva Madzera K. , Hochuev Idris Yu. , Mirzoev Ruslan S.
Published: May 2020

The solubility in the Cs2MoO4 – iso-C4H9OH – H2O system at 25 °C was studied for the first time. It is shown that in this system no formation of new compounds occurs. Isobutyl alcohol has limited solubility in water. This is confirmed by the fact that when cesium molybdate is added to the system, the mutual solubility of isobutyl alcohol and water decreases significantly. In the lower aqueous layer the solubility of C4H9OH in water is from 8.13 wt.%, in pure water to 0.04 wt.% of C4H9OH in a saturated 79.91% aqueous solution of Cs2MoO4; in the upper alcohol layer the solubility of water in isobutyl alcohol decreases from 16.90 to 0.51 wt.% of H2O in the presence of 0.0069 wt.% of Cs2MoO4. In the nonvariant state the saturated liquid phases (L1 and L2), which are in equilibrium with the solid phase of Cs2MoO4, have the composition (wt.%): L1 – 79.58 Cs2MoO4, 0.04 C4H9OH and 20.38 H2O; L2 – 0.069 Cs2MoO4, 99.48 C4H9OH and 0.51 H2O. Stratification is observed throughout the concentration range. In this system there is neither upper nor lower critical point of solubility and there is no binoidal solubility surface of the ternary system. Only two open sections of this surface appear which are displayed as two isolated curves on the projections of the spatial diagram. The density, refractive index, and dynamic viscosity of saturated solutions of the system were determined, and the isotherms of specific and molar volumes were calculated. The results of the study of physico-chemical properties of this system of saturated solutions show a regular change of all properties of conjugate liquid phases in accordance with the changes in their composition and character of interaction of components in the system.
PLASMA PARAMETERS AND SiO2 ETCHING KINETICS IN C4F8 + Ar + O2 GAS MIXTURE
Authors: Efremov Alexander M. , Betelin Vladimir B. , Kwon Kwang-Ho
Published: May 2020

The effect of Ar/O2 mixing ratio on plasma parameters, steady-state densities of active species and SiO2 etching kinetics in the three-component C4F8+Ar+O2 gas mixture was studied under typical conditions of reactive ion etching process (inductive 13.56 MHz RF discharge, total gas pressure of 6 mTorr, input power of 700 W and bias power of 200 W). The investigation combined etching rate measurements, plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling in order to determine steady-state densities and fluxes of plasma active species. It was found that the full substitution of Ar for O2 at constant fraction of fluorocarbon gas (in fact, the transition from 50% C4F8 + 50% Ar to 50% C4F8 + 50% O2 gas system): 1) results in weakly non-monotonic (with a maximum) SiO2 etching rate with close values for both O2-free and Ar-free plasmas; 2) causes the monotonic decrease in both F atom flux and ion energy flux; and 3) suppresses the formation of the fluorocarbon polymer film on the etched surface through its oxidative destruction pathway. The model-based analysis of SiO2 etching kinetics allowed one to conclude that an increase in effective probability for SiO2 + F reaction contradicts with the behavior ion energy flux as well as demonstrate the agreement with the change in gas-phase parameters characterizing the fluorocarbon film thickness. Therefore, an increase in O2 content in a feed gas influences the effective reaction probability by decreasing fluorocarbon film thickness and providing better access of F atoms to the etched surface.