bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routine Production of 89Zr Using an Automated Module
Authors: Wooten A. , Madrid Evelyn , Schweitzer Gordon , Lawrence Luke , Mebrahtu Efrem , Lewis Benjamin , Lapi Suzanne
Published: July 2013

89Zr has emerged as a useful radioisotope for targeted molecular imaging via positron emission tomography (PET) in both animal models and humans. This isotope is particularly attractive for cancer research because its half-life (t1/2 = 3.27 days) is well-suited for in vivo targeting of macromolecules and nanoparticles to cell surface antigens expressed by cancer cells. Furthermore, 89Zr emits a low-energy positron (Eβ+,mean = 0.40 MeV), which is favorable for high spatial resolution in PET, with an adequate branching ratio for positron emission (BR = 23%). The demand for 89Zr for research purposes is increasing; however, 89Zr also emits significant gamma radiation (Γ15 keV = 6.6 R×cm2/mCi×h), which makes producing large amounts of this isotope by hand unrealistic from a radiation safety standpoint. Fortunately, a straightforward method exists for production of 89Zr by bombarding a natural Y target in a biomedical cyclotron and then separation of 89Zr from the target material by column chromatography. The chemical separation in this method lends itself to remote processing using an automated module placed inside a hot cell. In this work, we have designed, built and commissioned a module that has performed the chemical separation of 89Zr safely and routinely, at activities in excess of 50 mCi, with radionuclidic purity > 99.9% and satisfactory effective specific activity (ESA).
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Sandwich ELISA for Peanut Allergen Ara h 1 in Food
Authors: Peng Juan , Song Shanshan , Xu Liguang , Ma Wei , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: July 2013

We have established a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to measure the content of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 in foods. Two mAbs were selected out of 12 murine hybridoma cells secreting Ara h 1-specific antibody. Using mAb 6 as the capture antibody and HRP-labelled mAb 4 as the detection antibody, the limit of detection (LOD) the assay was 0.34 ng/mL. Cross-reaction analysis showed that this method was strongly specific and had no cross-reactions with Ara h 2, pea protein or soy protein. Sample analysis showed that this ELISA was a useful tool to monitor peanut allergens in food products by measuring Ara h 1 content.
The Association of Lone-Motherhood with Smoking Cessation and Relapse: Prospective Results from an Australian National Study
Authors: Siahpush Mohammad , Shaikh Raees , Tibbits Melissa , Huang Terry , Singh Gopal
Published: July 2013

The aims were to examine the association of lone-motherhood with smoking cessation and relapse, and to investigate the extent to which this association was accounted for by socioeconomic status (education, occupation, and income), social support, and mental health. We used data from 10 yearly waves (2001 to 2010) of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Response rate in the first wave was 66%. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of lone-motherhood and other covariates on smoking cessation (n = 2,878) and relapse (n = 3,242). Results showed that the age-adjusted odds of smoking cessation were 32% smaller among lone mothers than partnered mothers (p = 0.004). The age-adjusted odds of relapse was 172% greater among lone mothers than partnered mothers (p < 0.001). We found that socioeconomic status, social support, and mental health account for some of the association of lone motherhood and cessation and relapse. While efforts to reduce the smoking prevalence among lone mothers should focus on their material deprivation, availability of social support, and addressing mental health issues, other factors unique to the lives of lone mothers also need to be taken into account. More research is needed to discover other factors that can explain the association of lone-motherhood and smoking behavior.
Near Infrared Optical Visualization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Levels in COLO205 Colorectal Cell Line, Orthotopic Tumor in Mice and Human Biopsies
Authors: Cohen Gadi , Lecht Shimon , Oron-Herman Mor , Momic Tatjana , Nissan Aviram , Lazarovici Philip
Published: July 2013

In this study, we present the applicability of imaging epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor levels in preclinical models of COLO205 carcinoma cells in vitro, mice with orthotopic tumors and ex vivo colorectal tumor biopsies, using EGF-labeled with IRDye800CW (EGF-NIR). The near infrared (NIR) bio-imaging of COLO205 cultures indicated specific and selective binding, reflecting EGF receptors levels. In vivo imaging of tumors in mice showed that the highest signal/background ratio between tumor and adjacent tissue was achieved 48 hours post-injection. Dissected colorectal cancer tissues from different patients demonstrated ex vivo specific imaging using the NIR bio-imaging platform of the heterogeneous distributed EGF receptors. Moreover, in the adjacent gastrointestinal tissue of the same patients, which by Western blotting was demonstrated as EGF receptor negative, no labeling with EGF-NIR probe was detected. Present results support the concept of tumor imaging by measuring EGF receptor levels using EGF-NIR probe. This platform is advantageous for EGF receptor bio-imaging of the NCI-60 recommended panel of tumor cell lines including 6–9 colorectal cell lines, since it avoids radioactive probes and is appropriate for use in the clinical setting using NIR technologies in a real-time manner.
Cascading cis-Cleavage on Transcript from trans-Acting siRNA-Producing Locus 3
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Li Guangping , Wang Jin , Zhu Shinong , Li Hailing
Published: July 2013

The production of small RNAs (sRNAs) from phased positions set by microRNA-directed cleavage of trans-acting-siRNA-producing locus (TAS) transcript has been characterized extensively; however, the production of sRNAs from non-phased positions remains unknown. We report three cis-cleavages that occurred in TAS3 transcripts in Vitis vinifera, by combining high-throughput sRNA deep sequencing information with evolutional conservation and genome-wide RNA degradome analysis. The three cis-cleavages can be deciphered to generate an orderly cleavage cascade, and can also produce distinct phasing patterns. Each of the patterns, either upstream or downstream of the cis-cleaved position, had a set of sRNAs arranged in 21-nucleotide increments. Part of the cascading cis-cleavages was also conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results will enhance the understanding of the production of sRNAs from non-phased positions that are not set by microRNA-directed cleavage.
Optical Constants of Crystallized TiO2 Coatings Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Wu Guangming , Zhou Bin , Shen Jun
Published: July 2013

Titanium oxide coatings have been deposited by the sol-gel dip-coating method. Crystallization of titanium oxide coatings was then achieved through thermal annealing at temperatures above 400 °C. The structural properties and surface morphology of the crystallized coatings were studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Characterization technique, based on least-square fitting to the measured reflectance and transmittance spectra, is used to determine the refractive indices of the crystallized TiO2 coatings. The stability of the synthesized sol was also investigated by dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. The influence of the thermal annealing on the optical properties was then discussed. The increase in refractive index with high temperature thermal annealing process was observed, obtaining refractive index values from 1.98 to 2.57 at He-Ne laser wavelength of 633 nm. The Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy studies indicate that the index variation is due to the changes in crystalline phase, density, and morphology during thermal annealing.
The Application of Transient-State Kinetic Isotope Effects to the Resolution of Mechanisms of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Fisher Harvey
Published: July 2013

Much of our understanding of the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is based on steady-state kinetic studies. Experimentally, this approach depends solely on the measurement of rates of free product appearance (d[P]/dt), a mechanistically and mathematically complex entity. Despite the ambiguity of this observed parameter, the method’s success is due in part to the elaborate rigorously derived algebraic theory on which it is based. Transient-state kinetics, on the other hand, despite its ability to observe the formation of intermediate steps in real time, has contributed relatively little to the subject due in, some measure, to the lack of such a solid mathematical basis. Here we discuss the current state of existing transient-state theory and the difficulties in its realistic application to experimental data. We describe a basic analytic theory of transient-state kinetic isotope effects in the form of three novel fundamental rules. These rules are adequate to define an extended mechanism, locating the isotope-sensitive step and identifying missing steps from experimental data. We demonstrate the application of these rules to resolved component time courses of the phenylalanine dehydrogenase reaction, extending the previously known reaction by one new prehydride transfer step and two new post hydride transfer steps. We conclude with an assessment of future directions in this area.
Studies toward the First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)-Quinolizidine 195C and Other Transformations
Authors: Chou Shang-Shing , Huang Jhih-Liang
Published: July 2013

Starting from a thio-substituted 4-quinolizidinone, a series of C-6 alkylated derivatives with a trans C-6, C-9a relationship was synthesized. Further transformations led to the first stereoselective total synthesis of the structure proposed for (±)-quinolizidine 195C, the major alkaloid isolated from the skin extracts of the Madagascan frog Mantella betsileo. Since the spectral data of the synthetic and natural products differed significantly, the true structure of (±)-quinolizidine 195C remains uncertain.
Echium Oil Reduces Plasma Triglycerides by Increasing Intravascular Lipolysis in apoB100-Only Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Forrest Lolita , Lough Christopher , Chung Soonkyu , Boudyguina Elena , Gebre Abraham , Smith Thomas , Colvin Perry , Parks John
Published: July 2013

Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in SDA (18:4 n-3), reduces plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations in humans and mice. We compared mechanisms by which EO and fish oil (FO) reduce plasma TG concentrations in mildly hypertriglyceridemic male apoB100-only LDLrKO mice. Mice were fed one of three atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and palm oil (PO; 20%), EO (10% EO + 10% PO), or FO (10% FO + 10% PO). Livers from PO- and EO-fed mice had similar TG and cholesteryl ester (CE) content, which was significantly higher than in FO-fed mice. Plasma TG secretion was reduced in FO vs. EO-fed mice. Plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size was ordered: PO (63 ± 4 nm) > EO (55 ± 3 nm) > FO (40 ± 2 nm). Post-heparin lipolytic activity was similar among groups, but TG hydrolysis by purified lipoprotein lipase was significantly greater for EO and FO VLDL compared to PO VLDL. Removal of VLDL tracer from plasma was marginally faster in EO vs. PO fed mice. Our results suggest that EO reduces plasma TG primarily through increased intravascular lipolysis of TG and VLDL clearance. Finally, EO may substitute for FO to reduce plasma TG concentrations, but not hepatic steatosis in this mouse model.
Development of a Network RTK Positioning and Gravity-Surveying Application with Gravity Correction Using a Smartphone
Authors: Kim Jinsoo , Lee Youngcheol , Cha Sungyeoul , Choi Chuluong , Lee Seongkyu
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes a smartphone-based network real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and gravity-surveying application (app) that allows semi-real-time measurements using the built-in Bluetooth features of the smartphone and a third-generation or long-term evolution wireless device. The app was implemented on a single smartphone by integrating a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) controller, a laptop, and a field-note writing tool. The observation devices (i.e., a GNSS receiver and relative gravimeter) functioned independently of this system. The app included a gravity module, which converted the measured relative gravity reading into an absolute gravity value according to tides; meter height; instrument drift correction; and network adjustments. The semi-real-time features of this app allowed data to be shared easily with other researchers. Moreover, the proposed smartphone-based gravity-survey app was easily adaptable to various locations and rough terrain due to its compact size.
Rice Seed Cultivar Identification Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Kong Wenwen , Zhang Chu , Liu Fei , Nie Pengcheng , He Yong
Published: July 2013

A near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system was developed in this study. NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate data analysis was applied to identify rice seed cultivars. Spectral data was exacted from hyperspectral images. Along with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), a novel machine learning algorithm called Random Forest (RF) was applied in this study. Spectra from 1,039 nm to 1,612 nm were used as full spectra to build classification models. PLS-DA and KNN models obtained over 80% classification accuracy, and SIMCA, SVM and RF models obtained 100% classification accuracy in both the calibration and prediction set. Twelve optimal wavelengths were selected by weighted regression coefficients of the PLS-DA model. Based on optimal wavelengths, PLS-DA, KNN, SVM and RF models were built. All optimal wavelengths-based models (except PLS-DA) produced classification rates over 80%. The performances of full spectra-based models were better than optimal wavelengths-based models. The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging could be used for rice seed cultivar identification, and RF is an effective classification technique.
Seamless Positioning and Navigation by Using Geo-Referenced Images and Multi-Sensor Data
Authors: Li Xun , Wang Jinling , Li Tao
Published: July 2013

Ubiquitous positioning is considered to be a highly demanding application for today’s Location-Based Services (LBS). While satellite-based navigation has achieved great advances in the past few decades, positioning and navigation in indoor scenarios and deep urban areas has remained a challenging topic of substantial research interest. Various strategies have been adopted to fill this gap, within which vision-based methods have attracted growing attention due to the widespread use of cameras on mobile devices. However, current vision-based methods using image processing have yet to revealed their full potential for navigation applications and are insufficient in many aspects. Therefore in this paper, we present a hybrid image-based positioning system that is intended to provide seamless position solution in six degrees of freedom (6DoF) for location-based services in both outdoor and indoor environments. It mainly uses visual sensor input to match with geo-referenced images for image-based positioning resolution, and also takes advantage of multiple onboard sensors, including the built-in GPS receiver and digital compass to assist visual methods. Experiments demonstrate that such a system can greatly improve the position accuracy for areas where the GPS signal is negatively affected (such as in urban canyons), and it also provides excellent position accuracy for indoor environments.
A review of local antibiotic implants and applications to veterinary orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Moens N. , Gibson T. , Hayes G.
Published: July 2013

In the face of increasing incidence of multidrug resistant implant infections, local antibiotic modalities are receiving increased attention for both infection prophylaxis and treatment. Local antibiotic therapy that achieves very high antibiotic drug concentrations at the site of the implant may represent an avenue for treatment of biofilmforming bacterial pathogens. Randomized controlled trials in human patients have demonstrated an infection risk reduction when antibiotic-impregnated cement is used for infection prophylaxis in implanted joint prostheses, and when a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge is used for infection prophylaxis in midline sternotomy. The other modalities discussed have for the most part yet to be evaluated in randomized controlled trials in veterinary or human patients. In general, the in vivo pharmacokinetics and appropriate dosing profiles for local antibiotic modalities have yet to be elucidated. Toxicity is possible, and attention to the dose applied is warranted.
Primary Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue the Axonal Phenotype of Twitcher Mice
Authors: Miranda Catarina Oliveira , Teixeira Carla Andreia , Sousa Vera Filipe , Santos Telma Emanuela , Liz Márcia Almeida , Marques Ana Maio , Pinto-Do-Ó Perpétua , Sousa Mónica Mendes
Published: July 2013

Krabbe's disease (KD) is a demyelinating disorder caused by the deficiency of lysosomal galactocerebrosi-dase (GALC), affecting both the central (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A current therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is ineffective at correcting the PNS pathology. We have previously shown that systemic delivery of immortalized bone marrow-derived murine mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) diminishes the neuropathology of transplanted Twitcher mice, a murine model of KD. In this study, to move one step closer to clinical application, the effectiveness of a systematic delivery of primary BM-MSCs to promote recovery of the Twitcher PNS was assessed. Primary BM-MSCsgrafted to the Twitcher sciatic nerve led to increased GALC activity that was not correlated to decreased psychosine (the toxic GALC substrate) accumulation. Nevertheless, BM-MSC transplantation rescued the axonal phenotype of Twitcher mice in the sciatic nerve, with an increased density of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons in transplanted animals. Whereas no increase in myelination was observed, upon transplantation an increased proliferation of Schwann cell precursors occurred. Supporting these findings, in vitro, BM-MSCs promoted neurite outgrowth of Twitcher sensory neurons and proliferation of Twitcher Schwann cells. Moreover, BM-MSCs expressed nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and promoted increased BDNF synthesis by neighboring Schwann cells. Besides their action in neurons and glia, BM-MSCs led to macrophage activation in Twitcher sciatic nerves. In summary, primary BM-MSCs diminish the neuropathology of Twitcher sciatic nerves by coordinately affecting neurons, glia, and macrophages.
Risk factors for bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a Turkish hospital
Authors: Kaya Onur , Akcam Fusun Zeynep , Gonen Ibak , Unal Onur , Ceylan Tennure
Published: July 2013

Introduction: Bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens has become a serious concern worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in a Turkish hospital. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with E. coli bacteremia in a tertiary care centre from January 2007 to October 2011. Data from patients such as demographic features, underlying conditions, and antibiotic exposure were analysed. Results: A total of 113 patients with bacteremia due to E. coli were included and data from patients with ESBL-producing E. coli (case patients) were compared to those with non-ESBL-producing E. coli (control patients). The frequency of ESBL producers was 38.9% (44/113). Exposure to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, history of intra-abdominal surgery intervention, and presence of central venous catheteter and urinary catheteter were more frequently detected among case patients (P < 0.05). Independent risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL-producing E. coli were exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR 13.39, 95% CI 1.28-140.03) and cephalosporins (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.03-11.74). Conclusions: Previous use of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin in patients with bacteremia caused by E. coli increased the risk for ESBL-producing strains.
Les grands travaux du plan Freycinet : de la subvention à la dépression ?
Authors: Le Bris David
Published: July 2013

En 1882 la finance internationale est ébranlée par un krach parti de France. La construction, subventionnée, d’un réseau secondaire de chemins de fer apparaît comme une manière de sortir de la crise. Pourtant la dépression sera particulièrement longue en France. En utilisant la capitalisation boursière des compagnies de chemins de fer et des données techniques, on reconstitue la valeur du kilomètre de voie ferrée chaque année entre 1841 et 1936. Après le sommet de 1846 et une chute rapide, ces valeurs sont stables à partir de 1865. Cette stabilisation indique l’arrivée à maturité du secteur après des années de croissance rentable. Les subventions garantissent la valeur du kilomètre en dépit des pertes occasionnées par le nouveau réseau. En revanche, les immenses capitaux ainsi engagés ne sont pas disponibles pour les secteurs de la seconde industrialisation. La France prend alors un important retard sur ses concurrents allemands ou américains.
Crises et apprentissage : la Banque de France en 1848
Authors: Jacoud Gilles
Published: July 2013

La Banque de France a non seulement surmonté la crise de 1848, l’une des plus importantes auxquelles elle ait été confrontée, mais cette crise a représenté pour elle une opportunité qui a conforté sa situation et elle a su en tirer des enseignements. Alors que la crise aurait pu l’emporter, la Banque de France en sort en position de force. La crise donne en effet un coup d’arrêt au mouvement en faveur de la pluralité des banques émettrices de billets. La Banque de France met en place à cette occasion une expérience réussie d’inconvertibilité de ses billets, qui se voient dotés du cours légal. Et surtout elle obtient le monopole national de l’émission des billets de banque et voit ses fonctions de banque centrale renforcées.
Le recours à un gendre en période de crise : innovation ou forclusion organisationnelle ? Jean Barennes chez Bardinet S. A. entre 1912 et 1934
Authors: Fonrouge Cécile
Published: July 2013

Bardinet, une entreprise familiale de spiritueux, recrute en 1912 le gendre du créateur comme administrateur délégué et il la dirige jusqu’à son décès brutal en 1934. Pendant cette période, l’entreprise traverse différentes crises dont celle de succession et celle de 1929 à la forte composante sectorielle qui a conduit à la disparition de nombreuses entreprises d’alcools. Le recrutement d’un gendre peut-il être considéré comme une innovation organisationnelle permettant de surmonter les différentes crises ? La consultation du fonds d’archives concernant Jean Barennes permet d’analyser comment cette entreprise a traversé ces crises.
Entre crises et réformes, la lente émergence de la gestion à l'hôpital de Beaujeu du XVI e au XX e siècle
Authors: Guilhot Nicolas , Claveranne Jean-Pierre , Vanhove Sébastien
Published: July 2013

L’objet de cet article est de montrer, en cernant l’impact de crises diverses sur l’évolution organisationnelle d’un hôpital de proximité depuis le XVI e siècle, la très lente montée en puissance de la gestion moderne. Il analyse en particulier la dialectique qui s’organise entre les réformes administratives et les crises économiques, sociales ou scientifiques, l’hôpital de Beaujeu n’adoptant parfois que tardivement les nouvelles formes d’organisation proposées ou imposées par les premières, et seulement après que les secondes ont eu des manifestations financières locales modifiant sa structure de revenus. Trois périodes sont étudiées : l’émergence d’une gouvernance détachée de l’échelle locale entre le XVI e et le XIX e siècle, l’adoption d’outils de calcul des coûts pour une maîtrise de l’activité au XIX e siècle, et l’appropriation du pilotage stratégique de cette activité au XX e siècle.
The role of firms in overcoming major economic crises: Switzerland in the 1930s and in the 1970s
Authors: Müller Margrit
Published: July 2013

On estime d’ordinaire que l’État peut jouer un rôle crucial pour surmonter une grande crise économique. Mais le rôle des firmes lorsqu’il s’agit de faire face à des récessions et de sortir des crises est, lui, rarement pris en considération par la théorie et l’histoire économiques. Or la perspective micro peut aider à explorer les discontinuités troublantes du développement macro-économique. Elle met en valeur des facteurs endogènes et place au centre les mécanismes de coordination des économies de marché. Fondé sur des recherches relatives à la Suisse au XX e siècle, cet article considère les firmes comme des systèmes de gouvernance qui initient et coordonnent des activités économiques. Elles ne sont donc pas seulement des acteurs institutionnels, elles fixent aussi des règles et des routines et contribuent à orienter les trajectoires de croissance. 1
« Anatomia artificiosa » Usages et manipulations du corps à l’époque moderne
Authors: Andretta Elisa , Mandressi Rafael
Published: July 2013

Sur le plan culturel, la pratique de la dissection est marquée par une série de faits, gestes et temporalités étroitement associés à son objet, le corps mort. On peut considérer le cadavre et les conditions matérielles de sa dissection comme les producteurs d’un ordre des savoirs. Le geste anatomique, dans sa matérialité, fonde un régime épistémologique dont il est aussi une émanation. Les structures théoriques et les modes de production de savoir sont étroitement liés aux objets concrets et aux pratiques matérielles d’intervention. La dissection peut donc être considérée comme un dispositif qui tout à la fois reflète et produit de la théorie. À partir de deux approches différentes et complémentaires, l’article est centré sur l’anatomia artificiosa, considérée comme un ensemble de manipulations et techniques d’interventions utilisées à l’époque moderne par les anatomistes pour mettre en évidence certaines spécificités des corps examinés. Dans une première section, l’article s’interroge sur les raisons épistémologiques qui guident l’anatomiste Bartolomeo Eustachi dans ses experientiae artificiosae, sur les savoir-faire et les techniques qui y sont mobilisées et sur leur mise en écriture. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude met l’accent sur les liens entre les techniques de manipulation et d’artificialisation du corps mises en œuvre dans le cadre de l’anatomie moderne et sur les présupposés épistémologiques articulés en tant que programme de recherche sous-tendant le recours à la pratique de la dissection comme procédé de connaissance. Il en résulte, entre autres, aussi bien des tactiques de démonstration qui ordonnent le dispositif technique de l’anatomie, que l’émergence d’une tradition du travail anatomique consistant à produire des objets corporels. À partir de ces deux volets, notre réflexion vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur le « programme sensoriel » qui caractérise l’étude du corps dans l’Europe moderne.
Écrits sur la colère et système des passions au xvie siècle
Authors: Arcangeli Alessandro
Published: July 2013

Au cours des dernières années, l'histoire des émotions a été un chantier dynamique de la recherche, et un territoire d'expérimentation méthodologique intéressant. Le xvie siècle est un laboratoire particulièrement prometteur, car les discours sur les passions traditionnellement prononcés par la médecine et la philosophie entrecroisent des préoccupations religieuses et politiques renouvelées. Bien que le stoïcisme et Thomas d'Aquin fourni encore les taxonomies les plus populaires, le vocabulaire et les schémas mentales ne sont pas statiques. Comme une étude de cas plus spécifique, nous examinons la littérature sur la colère et les contextes de sa production et circulation.
Composing Online
Authors: Bryant Kendra N.
Published: July 2013

This chapter invites writing instructors to consider integrating blogging practices as a writing exercise that both supports the 21st Century Google-aged learner and the contemplative writing classroom. The author suggests that blogging mirrors traditional personal voice writing and, if supported by a mindful practice such as freewriting, can assist students in bringing all of their faculties into the classroom, thus providing a more holistic and meaningful learning experience.
Rebooting Revision
Authors: Hopton Sarah-Beth
Published: July 2013

In the past decade, digital feedback tools to review and revise student writing have proliferated. Scholarship in rhetoric, composition, and professional writing has yet to consider how digital feedback systems might offer a promising alternative to traditional and arguably broken feedback practices. This chapter offers a review of the latest scholarship on the digital feedback and revision practices of students and professors, and demonstrates the use of a heuristic customized to college writing applications and programs, which can help professors review and assess new digital tools used to manage an electronic feedback and assessment protocol.
Exploring Tools, Places, and Ways of Being
Authors: Lammers Jayne C. , Magnifico Alecia Marie , Curwood Jen Scott
Published: July 2013

This chapter explores how writers respond to interactions with readers and audience members in two technology-mediated writing contexts: a Hunger Games fan’s use of FanFiction.net and a classroom using Scholar to write original narrative texts. The authors look across the two spaces to analyze similarities in how the technology is used to foster interaction with readers and develop writers’ craft through these interactions. In particular, they analyze how writing functions in each space as a tool, a place, and a way of being. By considering the affordances of these two contexts, the authors argue that technology is changing how we write and learn to write, in and out-of-school, by connecting writers with an audience that can significantly shape their goals, skills, and processes.
“The More I Write…The More my Mind Evolves into Something Outstanding”
Authors: Hines Mary Beth , Conner-Zachocki Jennifer M. , Rupert Becky
Published: July 2013

This chapter draws from a one-year qualitative investigation of a ninth-grade English classroom in a new technology-rich high school. The study explores the question, What identities did students compose as they alternately resisted and embraced the use of digital media in the writing classroom? Presenting a case study of one student, Shane, the chapter traces the ways in which he responded to the teacher’s invitations to use digital media, thereby discursively crafting particular identity performances in on-site and online communities. Analysis identifies a number of tensions specific to the use of authentic audiences and purposes in the 21st century digital writing classroom and reveals three identity performance categories: Shane the comedian, Shane the subversive, and Shane the artist. In analyzing the ways in which social networking tools, literacy practices, and identity performances converge in the classroom, the chapter challenges dominant pedagogical assumptions about using new technologies in the schools to engage learners.
“Memeration”
Authors: Simon Rob , Acosta Alisa , Houtman Eveline
Published: July 2013

This chapter examines how digital authorship in graduate education can broaden conceptions of scholarly engagement. Using a blog created by one of the authors in the context of a graduate literacy course as data, the authors explore how digital authoring practices influence both what counts as scholarly activity and how individuals approach scholarship. They analyze this blog using a framework that addresses four characteristics of academic writing in online spaces: remix, paratext, curation, and audience. This inquiry is guided by the following questions: What are implications of regarding multimodal practices as forms of scholarly work? What does it mean to invite multimodal work in graduate education? What are affordances and challenges of engaging in multimodal scholarship? In conclusion, the authors discuss several interconnected ways that multimodal authorship can contribute to renewed visions of what counts as writing, literacy, and scholarship in graduate education.
The Writing Process and Multimodal Composition
Authors: Kist William
Published: July 2013

This chapter expands upon an interior monologue the author created during the experience of composing a comic strip for publication. Building on this reflection regarding the processes of composing in multimodal form and on the work of John Steiner (1997), four professional artists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to get at the steps they take when writing multimodally. Categories of the data are uncovered and refined using the constant-comparative method. Some of these trends include: gaining knowledge through practice of a medium’s structure and affordances including the necessity of writing in nonlinear fashion and being able to write collaboratively. Implications for instruction are suggested.
Digital Writing and the Role of Critical Pedagogy in Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Albers Peggy
Published: July 2013

This chapter focuses on writing and the work of design (van Leeuwen & Kress, 2001) in creating digital projects. More specifically, this chapter focuses on a study of the digital writing, and the choices that preservice teachers made when they designed, developed, and wrote one minute Public Service Announcements (PSAs) that addressed social issues they saw operating in adolescent literature. Located in critical multimodality as a theoretical frame, this chapter positions digital writing as a critical endeavor, one that understands that modes are not neutral, and every choice made by the designer/writer of a digital text has intention and purpose.
Multimodal Response and Writing as Poetry Experience
Authors: Pet Sue Ringler , McVerry J. Gregory , O’Byrne W. Ian
Published: July 2013

What affordances do multimodal and digital information provide to the student and teacher with regard to responding to and writing poetry? This question juxtaposes one of the oldest literary genres in human history (i.e., poetry), with some of the newest technologies available. To enrich the content and effect as students experience poetry, technology may seem like an unwelcome stranger. Research has found, however, that “multimedia texts and multimodal composing may actually shift classroom culture toward a more learner-centered paradigm” (Chandler-Olcott & Mahar, 2003, pp. 381-382). This chapter explores the integration of technology with both response to poetry and authorship of poetic works as a means to enrich English classroom experiences. In the authors’ view, important work in this arena must not use technological tools for the sake of using technology in the classroom, but, rather, for the sake of enriching literary experiences. Ultimately, by connecting response, authorship, and multimodal technologies, the teaching of poetry may be enhanced by the teaching of 21st century literacy skills. Toward these ends, the authors share opportunities for intertwining multimodal text with the teaching of poetry to enrich literacy and literary experience in middle and high school classrooms.
Transnational Preservice Teachers’ Literate Lives and Writing Pedagogy in a Digital Era
Authors: López Minda Morren , Brochin Carol
Published: July 2013

This chapter focuses on the experiences of Latin@ transnational preservice teachers as they detail their (bi)literate lives through multimodal texts, specifically digital timelines and literacy narratives. Using qualitative methods, the authors examine the ways in which the production of multimodal texts became the medium through which participants could reflect on their own literacy processes through reflection and sharing. Preservice teachers were also asked to discuss their understandings of writing pedagogy and how they envisioned their future classrooms. Most of the Latin@ participants reported multiple language use and a variety of contexts where they learned about literacies. In addition, the multimodal and digital aspects of the assignments assisted students in recalling memories, widening their views of what counts as literacy, and fostering more inclusive writing pedagogy. Providing future classroom teachers with opportunities for engaging in mulitimodal composing along with critical reflection has the potential to transform and disrupt dominant ideologies towards literacy practices and English language dominance. Understanding the complex literacy practices of preservice teachers may also lead to shaping the future of literacy instruction to better serve an increasingly multilingual, multicultural student population.
Quality Assurance in Agile Software Development
Authors: Dubielewicz Iwona , Hnatkowska Bogumila , Huzar Zbigniew , Tuzinkiewicz Lech
Published: July 2013

Agile methodologies have become very popular. They are defined in terms of best practices, which aim at developing good quality software faster and cheaper. Unfortunately, agile methodologies do not refer explicitly to quality assurance, which is understood as a planned set of activities performed to provide adequate confidence that a product conforms to established requirements, and which is performed to evaluate the process by which products are developed. The chapter considers the relations of agile practices with software life cycle processes, especially those connected to quality assurance, and tries to answer the question of which agile practices ensure software quality. Next, agile practices associated with quality assurance are assessed from different perspectives and some recommendations for their usage are given. It is observed that modeling has a particular impact on quality assurance.
The Design of Voice Communication and Data Collection System Based on Double CAN Bus
Authors: Li Hui Dong , Zhang Jian Min , Wang Hao Zhou
Published: July 2013

Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional coal mine voice communication system such as short transmission distance, weak anti-jamming capability and poor voice quality, designed a voice communication and data collection system based on double CAN bus. The system adopts double CAN bus transmission design, CAN 1 bus is responsible for transmitting voice data, CAN 2 bus is responsible for real-time data acquisition. Double CAN bus design make voice information and control information does not interfere with each other, ensured the timely and accurate information transmission. Introduced hardware and software design of the system in detail, experimental tests showed that the system is stable with long transmission distance and high voice quality, and has certain application value.
Study on the Morphologies and Mechanical Properties of PP/EOC/SGF Composites with and without Compatilizers
Authors: Yang Ji Nian , Xu Ai Qin
Published: July 2013

The polypropylene/ethylene-1-octene/short glass fiber (PP/EOC/SGF) ternary composites were prepared by extrusion and subsequent injection processes. The effects of compatilizers, including maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MAH) and maleic anhydride grafted EOC (EOC-g-MAH), on the evolution of phase structures and mechanical properties of PP composites were examined. Results show that the interfacial adhesion between SGF and matrix are enhanced significantly. Moreover, the EOC-g-MAH promotes to form the elastomeric particle-embedded configuration. Mechanical testing reveals that the PP/EOC/SGF composites characterized by much higher impact toughness and keeping the competitively tensile properties could be obtained through co-incorporation of SGF and EOC as well as right compatilizers adopted.
A Novel Fluorinated Carbon Material for Primary Lithium Battery
Authors: Lu Jia Chun , Liu Zhi Chao , Huang Ping , Fang Quan , Zhu Min Hua
Published: July 2013

Li/graphite fluoride (GFx) cells have been widely noticed during the past decades due to its highest theoretical capacity in primary lithium batteries, high energy density, long shelf life, safety and a wide operating temperature. However, the low electronic conductivity and discharge potential Li/GFx cells obviously limited its applications. In order to improve the energy performance of Li/GFx cells, an efficient method is to increase the transportation ability of Li+ in cathode. Considering its high specific surface area and large layer spacing, bamboo charcoal is suitable for preparing the cathode materials with highly stored energy. Here, we synthesized the fluorinated bamboo charcoal (FBC) as the novel cathode materials based on gas-solid fluorination. Electrochemical assay show that the lithium/fluorinated bamboo charcoal cells have a novel discharged voltage of 3V versus Li/Li+ electrode, and a special capacity above 750 mAh g-1. The lithium/fluorinated bamboo charcoal cells may be used for new highly stored energy device in the future.
The Features of 304 Nitrogen Controlled Stainless Steel during Slow Strain Rate Test by Electrochemical Noise
Authors: Zhao Ru , Song Shi Zhe
Published: July 2013

An investigation was carried out on the features of electrochemical noises of 304 nitrogen controlled stainless steel (304NGSS) in solution 4mol/LNaCl +0.01mol/LNa2S2O3under slow strain rate testing (SSRT) conditions. Electrochemical voltage and current noise were measured simultaneously in the Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) mode. After experiment, there are several cracks on the edge of pit on the specimen. In order to characterize the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) processes of 304NGSS, time analysis of data alongwith the spectral estimation using FFT method, the results show SCC processes consisted of breakdown of the oxide film, the formation of pitting, crack initiation and crack propagation. According to the varieties of spectrums in time and frequency, the different state can be distinguished. The work in this paper will contribute to the research of indicator for real-time detection of SCC in plant.
Study on Texture and Deep Drawability of Ti-IF Steel Sheets Hot-Rolled in Ferrite Region
Authors: Han Fu Tao , Wang Zuo Cheng , Jing Cai Nian , Su Jie , Liu Xiao Min , Zhang Shao Yan
Published: July 2013

The effect of hot rolling temperature and reduction in ferrite region on the microstructure, texture and deep drawability of Ti-IF steel sheets were investigated. The results showed that after ferritic hot rolling and annealing, Ti-IF steel sheets developed uniform equiaxed ferrite grains and strong <111>//ND recrystallized fibers, the maximum r-value was 1.725 and good deep drawability was achieved. The deep drawability was improved with the decrease of ferritic hot rolling temperature, also enhanced with the increase of reduction in ferrite region. Texture analysis indicated that low hot rolling temperature and large reduction in ferrite region could increase the intensities of favorable {111}<112> and {554}<225> recrystallization textures and also reduce that of unfavorable {001}<110> recrystallization texture, therefore the r-value and deep drawability were enhanced.
Oil Spill Buoys Research for the Oil Spill Accidents Emergency
Authors: Zhao Ping , Cui Di
Published: July 2013

Oil spill accidents are seen relatively frequent and becomes a severe threat to coastal and marine ecosystems and water quality. Thus, this purpose of paper is developed for the active surveillance and rapid response to marine oil spills is important and essential to environment protection. It may appears of leak places for the monitoring needs, and to achieved instant alarm technology and equipment, guarantees leak occurred timely obtained alarm information. In order toproviding oil spill accidents emergency quickly reaction time and prepared, the maximum degree reduce oil leak and accidents caused influences are ensured. Furthermore, the new oil leak forecast warning (tracking &alarm-monitor) technologies are provided.All-weather real-time dynamic system has the function of off-shore oil spill tracking, the spread of oil spill surveillance and the real-time alarm, timely, accurately grasp the oil spill accident happened at the time and place for relevant departments, quickly take emergency and rescue measures to provide reliable basis, promote the oil spill response ability level..
Improving Pre-Stack Seismic Data Resolution Based on Inverse Q Filter
Authors: Zhang Hong Bing , Cao Cheng Hao , Dan Zhi Wei , Shang Zuo Ping , Li Tian Cai , Wan Huan
Published: July 2013

The precision of seismic reflection data does not fulfil to explore private and complex structure oil-gas pools. So we need to improve the resolution of seismic data. To achieve this, we used the inverse Q filter methods to improve the resolution for the seismic data. The results for processing the pre-stack seismic data indicated that the inverse Q filter method can improve peak frequency and frequency bandwidth. Low and middle-high frequency components in those results are reasonable, and its signal/noise ratios are obviously larger than that for other methods in middle-high frequency. Moreover, the results using various Q values indicated that the peak frequency is little added and the frequency bandwidth is expanded when Q value is reducing, but the signal/noise ratio is reducing. Moreover, the improving of the signal/noise ratio is very small when Q value is larger than 200.0, namely addition for Q value only gains reducing of the peak frequency and the bandwidth.
Simulation Research on Tooth Root Dynamic Stress of Marine Helical Gear Meshing Impact
Authors: Zhang Yu Bai , Yuan Hui Qun , Liang Ming Xuan
Published: July 2013

Finite element model of helical gear meshing of large burden marine is built based on explicit dynamics finite element method, dynamics stress variation of helical gear tooth is simulated under multiple working conditions, research is focused on the impact of changes in working conditions on the dynamic stress of the tooth root. The results show that helical gear pair speed and center distance error have great impact on dynamic stress of tooth root. The results provide reference for dynamic performance optimization of marine gears.