bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Envisioning Human–Machine Relationship Towards Mining of the Future: An Overview
Authors: Kolapo Peter , Ogunsola Nafiu Olanrewaju , Komolafe Kayode , Omole Dare Daniel
Published: January 2025

Automation is increasingly gaining attention as the global industry moves toward intelligent, unmanned approaches to perform hazardous tasks. Although the integration of autonomous technologies has revolutionized various industries for decades, the mining sector has only recently started to harness the potential of autonomous technology. Lately, the mining industry has been transforming by implementing automated systems to shape the future of mining and minimize human involvement in the process. Automated systems such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), and data analytics have contributed immensely towards ensuring improved productivity and safety and promoting sustainable mineral industry. Despite the substantial benefits and promising potential of automation in the mining sector, its adoption faces challenges due to concerns about human–machine interaction. This paper extensively reviews the current trends, attempts, and trials in converting traditional mining machines to automated systems with no or less human involvement. It also delves into the application of AI in mining operations from the exploration phase to the processing stage. To advance the knowledge base in this domain, the study describes the method used to develop the human–machine interface (HMI) that controls and monitors the activity of a six-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm, a roof bolter machine, and the status of the automated machine. The notable findings in this study draw attention to the critical roles of humans in automated mining operations. This study shows that human operators are still relevant and must control, operate, and maintain these innovative technologies in mining operations. Thus, establishing an effective interaction between human operators and machines can promote the acceptability and implementation of autonomous technologies in mineral extraction processes.
Rare-Earth Pretreatment Improves Performance of Reactive Dye Argazol Navy Blue on Banana-Fiber Fabric
Authors: Du Ao , Zheng Yongjie , Jiang Wenqi , Liu Jie
Published: January 2025

At present, the use of conventional reactive dyes on banana-fiber fabric leads to the problem of excessive salt consumption, which is not conducive to environmental protection. In this experimental study, rare-earth-pretreated banana-fiber fabric was dyed with the reactive dye Argazol Navy Blue. The rare-earth pretreatment was carried out to reduce the level of salt consumption, improve dyeing and fixation rates, and reduce the treatment burden of printing and dyeing wastewater. Dye uptake and fixation rates were used as indicators. Single-change factors were assessed by analyzing different amounts of rare earth, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride, as well as different fixation times and temperatures, so that the effects of the dye additive on the dyed banana-fiber fabric could be investigated. After appropriate ranges were determined for single-change factors, an orthogonal experiment was carried out to establish optimal parameters for the process of dyeing rare-earth-pretreated banana-fiber fabric with Argazol Navy Blue. These parameters were as follows: the required amount of rare earth was 0.40% (o.w.f.); the amount of dye was 2% (o.w.f.); the amount of sodium chloride was 15 g/L; the amount of sodium carbonate was 9 g/L; the fixing temperature was 75 °C; and the fixing time was 45 min. These optimized process parameters were then used to dye the banana-fiber fabric as a whole. Our results showed that the dye uptake and fixation rates for rare-earth-pretreated banana-fiber fabric dyed with navy-blue dye reached 56.85% and 45.32%, respectively. Finally, the effect of rare-earth pretreatment on dyeing performance was analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, and EDS.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Co-MOF for the Detection of Dihydromyricetin in Ampelopsis grossedentata
Authors: Si Xiaojing , Huang Yue , Han Mei , Luo Liqiang
Published: January 2025

Dihydromyricetin (DMY), as the main active ingredient in Ampelopsis grossedentata, is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has attracted extensive attention for its multiple biological activities. For the quick and accurate measurement of DMY, a novel electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a cobalt metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) was proposed in this work. The Co-MOF was synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal process using Co(NO3)2·6H2O. Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the morphology and structure of the synthesized Co-MOF. Utilizing differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry methods, the effectiveness of DMY electro-oxidation on the Co-MOF/GCE was examined. The results showed that, in comparison to the bare GCE, the electro-oxidation peak current of DMY was considerably increased by the Co-MOF/GCE. The detection limit was 0.07 μM, and the peak current demonstrated two linear relationships in the ranges of 0.2−20 μM and 20−100 μM, with the linear equations of Ip (μA) = 0.4729c (μM) + 1.0822 (R2 = 0.9913) and Ip (μA) = 0.0939c (μM) + 8.4178 (R2 = 0.9971), respectively. The average DMY content in Ampelopsis grossedentata samples was measured to be 3.275 μM, with a good recovery of 108.27% and a relative standard deviation value of 3.46%. The proposed method is simple, rapid and sensitive and can be used for the determination of DMY in Ampelopsis grossedentata.
The Effect of Alkyl Substituents on the Formation and Structure of Homochiral (R*,R*)-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2R′)]2 Species—Towards the Factors Controlling the Stereoselectivity of Dialkylgallium Alkoxides in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide
Authors: Kaźmierczak Magdalena , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Dranka Maciej , Horeglad Paweł
Published: January 2025

Building on our previous studies, which have demonstrated that homochiral propagating species—(R*,R*)-[Me2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2R)]2—were crucial for the heteroselectivity of [Me2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2Me)]2 in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac-LA), we have investigated the effect of alkyl groups on the structure and catalytic properties of dialkylgallium alkoxides in the ROP of rac-LA. Therefore, we have isolated and characterized the rac-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2Me]2 (R = Et (1), iPr (2) and rac-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)C5H4N]2 (R = Et (3), iPr (4)) complexes, to demonstrate the effect of alkyl groups on the chiral recognition induced the formation of the respective homochiaral species—(R*,R*)-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2Me)]2 and (R*,R*)-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)C5H4N]2. Moreover, we have investigated the structure of (S,S)-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2Me]2 (R = Et ((S,S)-1, R = iPr ((S,S)-2,) and their catalytic activity in the ROP of rac-LA. With an increase in the bulkiness of alkyl substituents on gallium the following can be observed: (a) the tendency for the formation of homochiral complexes decreased, (b) the symmetry of homochiral (S,S)-[R2Ga(µ-OCH(Me)CO2Me]2 (M = Me, Et (S,S)-1), iPr (S,S)-2) changed, and both have resulted in (c) lower or no heteroselectivtity across these complexes in the ROP of rac-LA. Importantly, the results have confirmed the crucial role of the chiral-induced formation of homochiral asymmetric dimers on the heteroselectivity of dialkylgallium alkoxides in the ROP of rac-LA.
Scaling Behavior of Ionic Conductance Dependent on Surface Charge Inside a Single-Digit Nanopore
Authors: Ji Anping , Zhou Lang , Xiao Qiming , Liu Jigang , Huang Wenqian , Yu Yun , Zhang Zhengwei , Pi Junhao , Yang Chenxi , Chen Haoxuan
Published: January 2025

The ionic conductance in a charged nanopore exhibits a power-law behavior in low salinity—as has been verified in many experiments (G0∝c0α)—which is governed by surface charges. The surface charge inside a nanopore determines the zeta potential and ion distributions, which have a significant impact on ion transport, especially in a single-digit nanopore with potential leakage. However, precisely measuring surface charge density in a single-digit nanopore remains a challenge. Here, we propose a methodology for exploring the power-law variation of ionic conductance, with potential leakage taken into account. We conducted experiments to measure the ionic current using silicon nitride nanopores and employed a continuous theory to explore the relationship between pore-bound concentration and surface charges. Considering that the influence of potential leakage on concentration follows a power-law relationship, we established a coefficient (α) to examine the controlling factors of potential leakage and modified the conductance model to obtain the ion mobility inside a nanopore.
Artemisinin Stimulates Neuronal Cell Viability and Possess a Neuroprotective Effect In Vitro
Authors: Pukhov Sergey A. , Semakov Alexey V. , Pukaeva Nadezhda E. , Kukharskaya Olga A. , Ivanova Tatyana V. , Kryshkova Viktoriya S. , Bachurin Sergey O. , Kukharsky Michail S.
Published: January 2025

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the plant Artemisia annua L., renowned for its antimalarial activity. Based on this compound, various derivatives and analogues have been obtained that exhibit diverse biological activities, including clinically approved drugs. Recently, increasing evidence has highlighted the neuroprotective potential of artemisinin. In this study, we evaluated the effects of artemisinin on the viability of neuronal-like cells, including primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. Artemisinin exhibited a stimulating effect on SH-SY5Y and HEK-293 cells and enhanced the survival of primary neurons at low concentrations (1 µM). In contrast, artemisinin derivatives, such as dihydroartemisinin, anhydrodihydroartemisinin, and artemisitene, did not display similar stimulatory activity, suggesting that the intact lactone ring is crucial for this property. Furthermore, artemisinin demonstrated a protective effect against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 in SH-SY5Y cells. However, it did not exhibit protective activity against oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenite. Additionally, artemisinin effectively inhibited the aggregation of mutated TDP-43 protein in transfected SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that artemisinin exerts neuroprotective effects by targeting key molecular pathways associated with neurodegeneration, offering potential therapeutic insights for related conditions.
Brain-Homing Peptide Expression on the Membrane Enhances the Delivery of Exosomes to Neural Cells and Tissue
Authors: Smith Jonhoi , Field Melvin , Sugaya Kiminobu
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive grade IV astrocytoma, poses a major therapeutic challenge due to the resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) existing within its cell population to the conventional therapies. Recently, we reported that RNA interference targeting CSC protection mechanism significantly improved therapeutic efficacy. However, challenges remain, including limited transfection efficiency in neural cells and the difficulty of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Methods: In this study, we investigated the potential of exosome-mediated delivery of therapeutic cargo to GBM cells by engineering the exosomes to carry green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressing brain-homing peptide (BHP) on their surface, which has high affinity to the neural cells. Results: We found that BHP-modified exosomes doubled GFP delivery efficacy from 20% to 40%, outperforming traditional transfection methods like lipofection in vitro. In vivo, BHP-modified exosomes demonstrated an ability to cross the BBB and targeted cargo delivery to brain regions following intranasal and subcutaneous administration. Conclusions: These results underscore the potential of engineered exosomes for efficient cargo delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy against brain tumors and suggest novel avenues for delivering biomolecules to the brain in the treatment of neurological disorders.
The Power of Movement: Linking Physical Activity with Nutritional Health and Blood Sugar Balance in a Dalmatian Type 2 Diabetic Population
Authors: Radić Josipa , Belančić Andrej , Đogaš Hana , Vučković Marijana , Đogaš Tina , Tandara Leida , Grubić Marina , Šolić Šegvić Lucija , Novak Ivana , Radić Mislav
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Regular physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MeDi) adherence independently improve glycemic control and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study examined the associations between PA, body composition (BC), MeDi adherence, and glycemic control in Dalmatian T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital of Split (November–December 2023) during an open call for T2DM patients. Data collected included blood/urine samples, blood pressure, BC, and anthropometrics. MeDi adherence and PA were assessed via the Mediterranean Diet Service Score and the International PA Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Among 252 participants (median age: 67 years, IQR: 60–73; 51.6% women; median T2DM duration: 10 years, IQR: 6–20), PA levels were low (31.4%, N = 79), moderate (45.2%, N = 114), and high (23.4%, N = 59), with uniformly low MeDi adherence across groups. Low PA was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and lower phase angle (PhA). PA negatively correlated with fat mass (FM; %) and visceral adiposity. Positive BMI predictors included FM (kg), total body water, visceral fat level, and PhA, while fat-free mass, intracellular water, and FM (%) were negative predictors. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was the only positive predictor of the total metabolic equivalent of the task score. Conclusions: PA enhances BC and metabolic health, but inadequate MeDi adherence limits these benefits in the T2DM population. To optimize glucose control and health outcomes, public health initiatives must emphasize MeDi adherence and a combination of aerobic and resistance training.
The Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Disordered Eating Among Adult Athletes in Italy and Lebanon
Authors: Cavedon Valentina , Kreidieh Dima , Milanese Chiara , Itani Leila , Pellegrini Massimo , Saadeddine Dana , Berri Elisa , El Ghoch Marwan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Disordered eating (DE) is a wide-spectrum condition, represented by altered eating patterns, behaviors, and attitudes aimed at controlling food intake, body weight, and shape, which does not necessarily satisfy the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder of clinical severity. DE is frequently reported among athletes, but its prevalence and associated factors have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of DE among adult athletes from different sports disciplines in Italy and Lebanon and to identify the factors associated with DE. Methods. A validated questionnaire (Eating Attitude Test [EAT-26]) was administered to determine the prevalence of DE, which was indicated by a score ≥ 17. Sport-related information, such as the type of sport, level of competition, training volume, and years of athletic experience, was also collected. Results: Among the total sample of 881 athletes, 78 were identified as having DE, with a prevalence of 6.1% (7.8% of females and 4.9% of males) in Italian athletes and 21.3% (27.3% of females and 17.0% of males) in Lebanese athletes. In addition, among male athletes, the risk of having DE was more than threefold in those practicing weightlifting or bodybuilding (odds ratio [OR] = 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–10.08, and p < 0.05), while females with more athletic experience had almost 10% less risk of having DE (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.86–0.98, and p < 0.05). Conclusions: DE is a prevalent condition among athletes. Therefore, it is crucial that sports federations and committees consider adopting standardized practical guidelines that focus on routinely screening for the early identification of DE in this population and implementing strategies for its timely management. In the future, longitudinal studies are also needed to clarify the impact of DE on athletes’ clinical condition as well as their physical fitness and sports performance.
Fecal Calprotectin Determination in a Cohort of Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy
Authors: Anania Caterina , Mondì Filippo , Brindisi Giulia , Spagnoli Alessandra , De Canditiis Daniela , Gesmini Arianna , Marchetti Lavinia , Fichera Alessia , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Zicari Anna Maria , Olivero Francesca
Published: January 2025

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy among children. An oral food challenge (OFC) remains a mainstay of the diagnosis of CMA, especially for the non-IgE-mediated type; however, this test can be risky and time-consuming. Hence, there is a need to identify biomarkers. Fecal calprotectin (FC) showed variable results, with good reliability and reproducibility in CMA patients. In this prospective study, we enrolled 76 children (aged 5–18 months) with CMA-related gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms following guidelines from the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Clinical assessments included history, physical examination, skin prick tests, and IgE assays. FC levels and the Cow’s Milk Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) were measured in 51 patients pre (T1) and post-diet (T2), with a subgroup analysis of 15 patients with elevated baseline FC (>50 mg/kg). The results showed that FC levels significantly decreased after the elimination diet (median: 30 mg/kg at T1, 16 mg/kg at T2; p < 0.01). In the subgroup with higher FC levels, median values dropped from 90 mg/kg to 33 mg/kg (p < 0.01). CoMiSS also improved (median: 8.50 at T1, 3.00 at T2; p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between FC values and the CoMiSS at T1 and T2. In conclusion, the reduction in FC value after an elimination diet suggests that it could be considered a possible biomarker of bowel inflammation in CMA patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data and to evaluate and standardize the use of FC for diagnosis and follow-up of CMA.
Assessing Knowledge Gaps and Referral Practices in Pediatric Malocclusion Etiology: A Cross-Sectional E-Survey of Pediatricians and Family Physicians in Croatia
Authors: Dzaja Karmela , Tadin Antonija
Published: January 2025

Objective: Malocclusion affects oral health and quality of life, emphasizing the critical need to assess the knowledge and practices of healthcare providers in the prevention and treatment of malocclusion. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of Croatian pediatricians and family physicians regarding malocclusion, its causes and its impact on children’s health. Methods: An online self-structured questionnaire with 34 closed-ended questions was distributed to pediatricians and general practitioners throughout Croatia. The questionnaire addressed demographic data, knowledge of the causes of malocclusion, impact on children’s health and referral practices. Data were summarized in descriptive statistics, and a generalized linear model (GLM) examined the relationships between knowledge, referral practices and sociodemographic factors (p < 0.05). Results: Of 446 participants, including 364 general practitioners and 82 pediatricians (77.8% women), the mean knowledge score was 12.77 ± 3.41 out of 18, with 54.9% scoring at or above the median (Md = 13.00). Pediatricians had a higher mean score (13.77 ± 1.19) than family physicians (12.54 ± 3.60, p = 0.042). A higher level of knowledge was found among physicians working in community health centers (p ≤ 0.001) and among those recommending orthodontic examinations (p = 0.042). Over 90% of pediatricians and family physicians recognized hereditary factors, pacifier use, thumb and finger sucking, bottle feeding, trauma and accidents as causes of malocclusion. In addition, over 80% of respondents reported informing parents about harmful habits that can lead to misaligned teeth, with 100% of pediatricians giving such advice. Conclusions: Pediatricians have better knowledge about malocclusion compared to family physicians, and physicians in community health centers have the highest level of knowledge. It is recommended to improve the training of general practitioners and to promote early orthodontic examinations to improve preventive care.
Pathogen Detection and Resistome Analysis in Healthy Shelter Dogs Using Whole Metagenome Sequencing
Authors: Shringi Smriti , Shah Devendra H. , Carney Kimberly , Verma Ashutosh
Published: January 2025

According to the Humane Society, 25 to 40 percent of pet dogs in the United States are adopted from animal shelters. Shelter dogs can harbor bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal pathogens, posing risks to canine and human health. These bacterial pathogens may also carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), serving as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. This study aimed to utilize whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) to screen for microbial pathogens and assess the resistome in healthy shelter dogs. Fecal samples from 58 healthy shelter dogs across 10 shelters in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia were analyzed using WMS. Genomic DNA was extracted, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify pathogens and ARGs. The WMS detected 53 potentially zoonotic or known pathogens including thirty-eight bacterial species, two protozoa, five yeast species, one nematode, four molds, and three viruses. A total of 4560 ARGs signatures representing 182 unique genes across 14 antibiotic classes were detected. Tetracycline resistance genes were most abundant (49%), while β-lactam resistance genes showed the highest diversity with 75 unique ARGs. ARGs were predominantly detected in commensal bacteria; however, nearly half (18/38, 47.4%) of known bacterial pathogens detected in this study carried ARGs for resistance to one or more antibiotic classes. This study provides evidence that healthy shelter dogs carry a diverse range of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, posing a transmission risk through fecal shedding. These findings highlight the value of WMS for pathogen detection and AMR surveillance, informing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to mitigate the transmission of pathogens among shelter dog populations and the risk associated with zoonoses.
Borrelia, Leishmania, and Babesia: An Emerging Triad of Vector-Borne Co-Infections?
Authors: Piloto-Sardiñas Elianne , Cano-Argüelles Ana Laura , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and transmitted primarily by phlebotomine sand flies, poses significant challenges for zoonotic disease management [...]
Preparation of pH-Responsive Tanshinone IIA-Loaded Calcium Alginate Nanoparticles and Their Anticancer Mechanisms
Authors: Ren Tianying , Wang Jing , Ma Yingxin , Huang Yichen , Yoon Somy , Mu Lijun , Li Ru , Wang Xuekun , Zhang Lina , Li Pan , Ji Lusha
Published: January 2025

Background: Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a lipophilic active constituent derived from the rhizomes and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a common Chinese medicinal herb. However, clinical applications of Tan IIA are limited due to its poor solubility in water. Methods: To overcome this limitation, we developed a calcium alginate hydrogel (CA) as a hydrophilic carrier for Tan IIA, which significantly improved its solubility. We also prepared nanoparticles with pH-responsive properties to explore their potential for controlled drug delivery. The physicochemical properties of Tan IIA/CA nanoparticles were evaluated, including their size, stability, and release profile. We also utilized RNA sequencing to further investigate the underlying anticancer mechanisms of Tan IIA/CA nanoparticles. Results: The Tan IIA/CA nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced solubility and exhibited potent anticancer activity in vitro. Additionally, the nanoparticles showed promising pH-responsive behavior, which is beneficial for controlled release applications. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms revealed that the anticancer effects of Tan IIA/CA were mediated through apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy pathways. Conclusions: This study confirms the anticancer potential and mechanisms of Tan IIA, while also presenting an innovative approach to enhance the solubility of this poorly soluble compound. The use of CA-based nanoparticles could be a valuable strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of Tan IIA in cancer treatment.
Integrated Photonic Neural Networks for Equalizing Optical Communication Signals: A Review
Authors: Silva Luís C. B. , Marciano Pablo R. N. , Pontes Maria J. , Monteiro Maxwell E. , André Paulo S. B. , Segatto Marcelo E. V.
Published: January 2025

The demand for high-capacity communication systems has grown exponentially in recent decades, constituting a technological field in constant change. Data transmission at high rates, reaching tens of Gb/s, and over distances that can reach hundreds of kilometers, still faces barriers to improvement, such as distortions in the transmitted signals. Such distortions include chromatic dispersion, which causes a broadening of the transmitted pulse. Therefore, the development of solutions for the adequate recovery of such signals distorted by the complex dynamics of the transmission channel currently constitutes an open problem since, despite the existence of well-known and efficient equalization techniques, these have limitations in terms of processing time, hardware complexity, and especially energy consumption. In this scenario, this paper discusses the emergence of photonic neural networks as a promising alternative for equalizing optical communication signals. Thus, this review focuses on the applications, challenges, and opportunities of implementing integrated photonic neural networks for the scenario of optical signal equalization. The main work carried out, ongoing investigations, and possibilities for new research directions are also addressed. From this review, it can be concluded that perceptron photonic neural networks perform slightly better in equalizing signals transmitted over greater distances than reservoir computing photonic neural networks, but with signals at lower data rates. It is important to emphasize that photonics research has been growing exponentially in recent years, so it is beyond the scope of this review to address all existing applications of integrated photonic neural networks.
Wiener Filtering in Wavelet Domain on Laser Self-Mixing Interference for Micro-Displacement Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Xintao , You Yaqiang , Liu Xia , Zhao Xiaohui , Sun Jian , Wang Jingwei , Hou Dong
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a Wiener filtering algorithm in the wavelet domain is proposed to filter the laser self-mixing interference (SMI) signals, which is used to improve the accuracy of displacement reconstruction. The Wiener filter is theoretically constructed and applied to filter both high-frequency coefficients and low-frequency coefficients in the wavelet domain, which are obtained by two-level discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) decomposition from unfiltered SMI signals. Two-level wavelet decomposition in wavelet threshold filtering is determined without any manual judgment. Subsequently, the inverse DWT is employed to generate the filtered SMI signals. Compared with that, using wavelet threshold denoising, the results of the simulation and experiments demonstrate that the displacement reconstruction from the filtered SMI signals exhibits better accuracy when using Wiener filtering in the wavelet domain with two levels of wavelet decomposition. Also, the fake peaks due to local oscillation caused by wavelet threshold filtering can be eliminated effectively. The proposed method employs two-level wavelet decomposition, ensuring computational efficiency and achieving an 11.3% improvement in displacement reconstruction accuracy compared to wavelet threshold filtering. The maximum error ratio of the micro-displacement reconstruction is reduced to 2.7% using the Wiener filter in the wavelet domain.
Indexes of Fat Oxidation from Ramp vs. Graded Incremental Protocols in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Teso Massimo , Ferrari Luca , Colosio Alessandro L. , Pogliaghi Silvia
Published: January 2025

The maximal rate of fat oxidation (MFO, in g∙min−1) and the relative exercise intensity at which it occurs (FATmax, as %V̇O2max) are indexes of metabolic flexibility. The time-consuming, graded exercise protocol required for MFO/FATmax determination hinders the extensive use of these indexes for individualized exercise prescription and monitoring. Purpose: validate ramp testing for MFO and FATmax measures in postmenopausal women. Methods: Seventeen healthy women (age: 54 ± 4 years, BMI 22 ± 3 kg·m−2, and V̇O2max 36.4 ± 5.3 mL·min−1), who were 4 ± 3 years from menopause, performed on a cycle-ergometer, a ramp, and a graded incremental test. Based on V̇O2 and respiratory exchange ratio from the ramp and graded protocol (i.e., the 5th minute of each step), MFO and FATmax were determined. Data from the two protocols were compared using paired t-tests, linear regression, and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The MFO measured with a ramp protocol was not different from (0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 g·min−1, p = 0.10), and moderately associated with, that of the graded protocol (r2 = 0.46). FATmax occurred at similar exercise intensity for both protocols (47.8 ± 5.1 vs. 47.5 ± 4.3 %V̇O2max, p = 0.91, r2 = 0.52). The comparison of MFO and FATmax across the protocols yields a non-significant bias but a relatively large limit of agreement (respectively, 0.05 g·min−1, LOA = −0.08, and 0.19 g·min−1; 0.3 %V̇O2max, LOA = −7.8, and 10.6 %V̇O2max). Conclusions: In postmenopausal women, ramp testing offers a valid alternative to the graded protocol for identifying MFO and FATmax. The availability of a time- and cost-efficient approach, which can be incorporated into standard ramp incremental testing, can facilitate using these indexes of metabolic flexibility in research and medicine.
Recent Developments in Citrus aurantium L.: An Overview of Bioactive Compounds, Extraction Techniques, and Technological Applications
Authors: Fernández-Cabal Joaquín , Avilés-Betanzos Kevin Alejandro , Cauich-Rodríguez Juan Valerio , Ramírez-Sucre Manuel Octavio , Rodríguez-Buenfil Ingrid Mayanin
Published: January 2025

This review provides an overview of recent developments in Citrus aurantium L. (sour or bitter orange), focusing on its bioactive compounds, innovative extraction techniques, and technological applications. C. aurantium is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (naringin, hesperidin, kaempferol, quercetin), essential oils (β-pinene, limonene), and vitamin C, which represents significant biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The review discusses traditional extraction methods, such as solvent extraction and hydrodistillation, alongside newer, eco-friendly approaches like ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and natural deep eutectic solvents. It also highlights cutting-edge techniques, including molecular imprinting polymer-based extraction, which enable the more efficient enrichment and purification of specific compounds like synephrine. Finally, the review examines the diverse industrial applications of these bioactive compounds in sectors such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, while emphasizing the growing need for sustainable and efficient extraction technologies.
Intelligent Oil Production Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Sui Xianfu , Lu Xin , Ji Yuchen , Yang Yang , Peng Jianlin , Li Menglong , Han Guoqing
Published: January 2025

Production management serves as a pivotal component in the operational activities of oilfield sites, with the effectiveness of management practices directly influencing the success of developmental outcomes. To enhance the maintenance-free operational period of oil production systems, elevate management standards, and reduce overall operational costs, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics have been strategically integrated into oilfield operations. These technologies are able to incorporate data resources from all stages of oilfield production, thus providing a comprehensive view of oilfield production and guidance for production. This study uses a series of diagnostic and predictive methods to construct a management system that allows for the comprehensive monitoring and fault diagnosis of oil production systems, which can ensure the intelligent management of oil production systems at multiple levels throughout their life cycle. Automated monitoring workflows and proactive analytical processes are at the heart of the framework, enabling real-time monitoring and predictive decision-making. This not only minimizes the likelihood of system failure but also optimizes resource allocation and operational efficiency.
Overlay Preparation Accuracy: An In Vitro Study on the Influence of Magnification and Operator Expertise
Authors: Tafuri Giuseppe , D’Addazio Gianmaria , Santilli Manlio , Argentieri Giulio , Murmura Giovanna , Caputi Sergio , Sinjari Bruna
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the precision and amount of dental tissue removed during overlay preparation by experienced and less experienced operators, with and without magnification systems. Methods: Sixty-four first upper molar Frasaco Typodonts were divided into four groups: experienced operators with magnification (Group 3, EXP+LOU), experienced operators without magnification (Group 1, EXP), dental students with magnification (Group 4, STU+LOU), and dental students without magnification (Group 2, STU). Preparations including an occlusal reduction of 1.5 mm and an interproximal box of 1 mm width. The prepared teeth were scanned and analyzed using reverse engineering software (Geomagic Control X, Oqton, San Francisco, CA, USA) to evaluate preparation accuracy, dental substance removal, and comparison to a control unprepared tooth. Results: The analysis showed that the average reduction was 32.19%. Group 4 (STU+LOU) showed significantly improved accuracy with magnification compared to Group 2 (STU). Group 3 (EXP+LOU) achieved the best result with an average reduction of 23.96%, while Group 2 (STU) had the worst result with 41.28%. Conclusions: Conservative indirect restorations, such as overlays, effectively preserve dental tissue. Operator experience and magnification systems are crucial for preparation accuracy. Magnification improves precision for less experienced operators, reducing tooth volume loss by 9.1%, and enhances cavity design accuracy, ensuring a better restoration fit and minimizing the marginal gap.
Roots of 20th-Century Western Counterculture: From Guillem Rovirosa’s Catalonia to Its Antipode
Authors: Andrés-Gallego José
Published: January 2025

The point of departure for this essay is the first part of the life of Guillem Rovirosa (1915–1934), before he became one of the most important social activists in post-war Spain. During those years he abandoned his Catholic faith and, accompanied by a few friends, embarked on a journey of exploration through Esperanto, naturism, spiritualism, and theosophy. This essay proposes the application of comparative microhistory to religious sociology. The author has sourced similar combinations from around the world in the same period and concludes that this melting pot was not unique. Quite the contrary, from Europe to the Far East, many people underwent similar experiences, usually of a countercultural nature and often linked to the idea of anti-authoritarianism and to its possible religious foundations.
Passional Atheism, Passional Agnosticism and ‘The Will to Believe’
Authors: Molto Daniel
Published: January 2025

Jack Warman and Joshua Cockayne have recently claimed that the arguments that William James provides in his famous lecture ‘The Will to Believe’ to justify passional theism would equally justify passional atheism. They are correct in this claim, but there is in fact more than one way that a non-theistic doxastic attitude can be passionally justified given what is said in James’s lecture. In addition to outright, passionally motivated, atheistic belief, there is also the possibility of arriving at theistic non-belief (henceforth ‘agnosticism’) when the passional reasons for adopting theism (even where that option is “live”) are overcome by the passional reasons for not adopting theism. James takes great pains to argue against the claim that we must prefer passional non-belief over passional belief, but he does not argue that we must prefer passional belief over passional non-belief and, in fact, he explicitly denies this, or so I shall argue. Thus, on my interpretation of the lecture, the choice to go without religious belief, even where that option is presented as forced, momentous and live, can be passionally justified. Moreover, so can the adoption of outright atheistic belief for passional reasons.
Response of Natural Forests and Grasslands in Xinjiang to Climate Change Based on Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: He Jinrun , Fan Jinglong , Lv Zhentao , Li Shengyu
Published: January 2025

In arid regions, climatic fluctuations significantly affect vegetation structure and function. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can quantify certain physiological parameters of vegetation but has limitations in characterizing responses to climate change. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal differences in response to climate change across various ecological regions and vegetation types from 2000 to 2020 in Xinjiang. According to China’s ecological zoning, R1 (Altai Mountains-Western Junggar Mountains forest-steppe) and R5 (Pamir-Kunlun Mountains-Altyn Tagh high-altitude desert grasslands) represent two ecological extremes, while R2–R4 span desert and forest-steppe ecosystems. We employed the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at different timescales to represent drought intensity and frequency in conjunction with global OCO-2 SIF products (GOSIF) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess vegetation growth conditions. The results show that (1) between 2000 and 2020, the overall drought severity in Xinjiang exhibited a slight deterioration, particularly in northern regions (R1 and R2), with a gradual transition from short-term to long-term drought conditions. The R4 and R5 ecological regions in southern Xinjiang also displayed a slight deterioration trend; however, R5 remained relatively stable on the SPEI24 timescale. (2) The NDVI and SIF values across Xinjiang exhibited an upward trend. However, in densely vegetated areas (R1–R3), both NDVI and SIF declined, with a more pronounced decrease in SIF observed in natural forests. (3) Vegetation in northern Xinjiang showed a significantly stronger response to climate change than that in southern Xinjiang, with physiological parameters (SIF) being more sensitive than structural parameters (NDVI). The R1, R2, and R3 ecological regions were primarily influenced by long-term climate change, whereas the R4 and R5 regions were more affected by short-term climate change. Natural grasslands showed a significantly stronger response than forests, particularly in areas with lower vegetation cover that are more structurally impacted. This study provides an important scientific basis for ecological management and climate adaptation in Xinjiang, emphasizing the need for differentiated strategies across ecological regions to support sustainable development.
Research on Cam–Kalm Automatic Tracking Technology of Low, Slow, and Small Target Based on Gm-APD LiDAR
Authors: Guo Dongfang , Qu Yanchen , Zhou Xin , Sun Jianfeng , Yin Shengwen , Lu Jie , Liu Feng
Published: January 2025

With the wide application of UAVs in modern intelligent warfare as well as in civil fields, the demand for C-UAS technology is increasingly urgent. Traditional detection methods have many limitations in dealing with “low, slow, and small” targets. This paper presents a pure laser automatic tracking system based on Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD). Combining the target motion state prediction of the Kalman filter and the adaptive target tracking of Camshift, a Cam–Kalm algorithm is proposed to achieve high-precision and stable tracking of moving targets. The proposed system also introduces two-dimensional Gaussian fitting and edge detection algorithms to automatically determine the target’s center position and the tracking rectangular box, thereby improving the automation of target tracking. Experimental results show that the system designed in this paper can effectively track UAVs in a 70 m laboratory environment and a 3.07 km to 3.32 km long-distance scene while achieving low center positioning error and MSE. This technology provides a new solution for real-time tracking and ranging of long-distance UAVs, shows the potential of pure laser approaches in long-distancelow, slow, and small target tracking, and provides essential technical support for C-UAS technology.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Drought and the Ecohydrological Response in Central Asia
Authors: Feng Keting , Cao Yanping , Du Erji , Zhou Zengguang , Zhang Yaonan
Published: January 2025

Due to the influences of climate change and human activities, the resources and environments of the “One Belt and One Road” initiative are facing severe challenges. Using drought indicators, this study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the drought environment and the response of vegetation cover in the area to drought conditions. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) drought severity index (GRACE-DSI), GRACE water storage deficit index (GRACE-WSDI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were calculated to measure hydrological drought. Additionally, based on GRACE and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data, groundwater data in Central Asia was retrieved to calculate the groundwater drought index using the GRACE Standardized Groundwater Level Index (GRACE-SGI). The findings indicate that, from 2000, Central Asia’s annual precipitation decreased at a rate of 1.80 mm/year (p < 0.1), and its annual temperature increased slightly, at a rate of 0.008 °C/year (p = 0.62). Water storage decreased significantly at a rate of −3.53 mm/year (p < 0.001) and showed an increase-decrease-increase-decrease pattern. During the study period, the aridity in Central Asia deteriorated, especially on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea basin. After 2020, most of Central Asia experienced droughts at both the hydrological and groundwater droughts levels and of varying lengths and severity. During the growing season, there was a substantial positive association between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and drought indicators such as GRACE-DSI and GRACE-WSDI. Nonetheless, the NDVI of cultivated land and grassland distribution areas in Central Asia displayed a strong negative correlation with GRACE-SGI. This study concludes that the arid environment in Central Asia affected the growth of vegetation. The ecological system in Central Asia may be put under additional stress if drought conditions continue to worsen. This paper explores the drought characteristics in Central Asia, especially those of groundwater drought, and analyzes the response of vegetation, which is very important for the ecological and environmental protection of the region.
A Study on Remote Monitoring of NOx Emissions from Inland Vessels
Authors: Deng Mengtao , Hu Jianbo , Qi Zhaoyu , Peng Shitao
Published: January 2025

In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology for monitoring NOx emissions from inland vessels, an equipment is designed to monitor emissions for inland vessels. The equipment was installed at the Jianbi locks, where experimental measurements were conducted on vessels passing through the locks, with a total of 330 vessels being measured. The detection rate for vessels was 50.3%, with a detection rate of 72.4% for fully loaded vessels and 24.7% for unloaded vessels. In addition, the exhaust emission patterns of inland vessels, the NOx emission patterns and detection rate of fully loaded and unloaded vessels, and the key parameter of the NOx emission factor of inland vessels were comprehensively analyzed. The experimental results show that CO2 and NOx in the exhaust gas of inland vessels have high signal intensity and good synchronization and can be applied to the regulatory monitoring of NOx emissions from inland vessels. Furthermore, the ratios of NO/CO2 and NO2/CO2 from fully loaded and unloaded vessels were significantly different. indicating that the NO2 indicator must be included in the remote monitoring indicators for inland vessel exhaust gases. Otherwise, the remote monitoring results for NOx may be significantly underestimated.
Ensuring Reliable Network Communication and Data Processing in Internet of Things Systems with Prediction-Based Resource Allocation
Authors: Symbor Weronika , Falas Łukasz
Published: January 2025

The distributed nature of IoT systems and new trends focusing on fog computing enforce the need for reliable communication that ensures the required quality of service for various scenarios. Due to the direct interaction with the real world, failure to deliver the required QoS level can introduce system failures and lead to further negative consequences for users. This paper introduces a prediction-based resource allocation method for Multi-Access Edge Computing-capable networks, aimed at assurance of the required QoS and optimization of resource utilization for various types of IoT use cases featuring adaptability to changes in users’ requests. The method considers the current resource load and predicted changes in resource utilization based on historical request data, which are then utilized to adjust the resource allocation optimization criteria for upcoming requests. The proposed method was developed for scenarios utilizing edge computing, e.g., autonomous vehicle data exchange, which can be susceptible to periodic resource demand fluctuations related to typical rush hours, predictable with the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach can increase the reliability of processes conducted in IoT systems.
The Construction of a Stream Service Application with DeepStream and Simple Realtime Server Using Containerization for Edge Computing
Authors: Shih Wen-Chung , Wang Zheng-Yao , Kristiani Endah , Hsieh Yi-Jun , Sung Yuan-Hsin , Li Chia-Hsin , Yang Chao-Tung
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the increasing demand for efficient and scalable streaming service applications within the context of edge computing, utilizing NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX hardware and Docker. The study evaluates the performance of DeepStream and Simple Realtime Server, demonstrating that containerized applications can achieve performance levels comparable to traditional physical machines. The results indicate that WebRTC provides superior low-latency capabilities, achieving delays of around 5 s, while HLS typically experiences delays exceeding 10 s. Performance tests reveal that CPU usage for WebRTC can exceed 40%, which is higher than that of HLS and RTMP, while memory usage remains relatively stable across different streaming protocols. Additionally, load testing shows that the system can support multiple simultaneous connections, but performance degrades significantly with more than three devices, highlighting the limitations of the current hardware setup. Overall, the findings contribute valuable insights into building efficient edge computing architectures that support real-time video processing and streaming.