bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de mujeres embarazadas con lupus eritematoso sistémico y resultados materno-fetales en el noroeste de Colombia. Estudio descriptivo
Authors: Ocampo-Ramírez Sara Manuela , Hoyos-Patiño Simón , Lambertino-Montaño José Raúl , Gutiérrez-Marín Jorge Hernán , Campo-Campo María Nazareth , Sanín-Blair José Enrique , García-Posada Raúl Alejandro , Rodríguez-Padilla Libia María , Velásquez-Franco Carlos Jaime , Mesa-Navas Miguel Antonio
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: evaluar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y de tratamiento de las mujeres embarazadas con lupus eritematoso sistémico, así como sus resultados obstétricos, en dos centros de referencia en el noroeste de Colombia.Métodos: serie de casos retrospectiva que evaluó las gestantes atendidas en la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal y en el servicio de Reumatología entre 2010 y 2015.Resultados: se incluyeron 40 pacientes y 43 embarazos. Edad promedio al diagnóstico: 24 ± 7 años; 22 (55 %) fueron primigestantes. La afectación clínica más frecuente fue articular (n = 32; 80 %). Ocho de 43 embarazos (18,6 %) presentaron actividad lúpica al inicio de éste. La complicación obstétrica más frecuente fue preeclampsia en 11/43 (25,6 %) embarazos. La complicación fetal más común fue el parto prematuro (8/43; 18,6 %). Los anticuerpos anticardiolipinas y anti-DNA fueron positivos en 10/43 (23,3 %) y en 15/38 (39,5 %) embarazos, respectivamente. En 13 gestaciones (31,7 %) hubo recaídas durante el tercer trimestre, y de éstas, en seis casos (46,1 %) fue grave, especialmente nefritis. Al ingreso, en 29/43 (65 %) embarazos se utilizó prednisona y en 32/43 (74,4 %) antimaláricos. En el puerperio dos pacientes presentaron recaída moderada y dos madres tuvieron preeclampsia. No se encontraron muertes maternas y la supervivencia perinatal fue 86 % (37/43 gestaciones).Discusión: en esta cohorte de pacientes con LES y embarazo, la nefritis y los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos estaban presentes en gran parte de las pacientes con complicaciones obstétricas, aunque un bajo porcentaje de pacientes estuvo activa antes de la gestación; las complicaciones maternas y fetales fueron frecuentes.
Hacia la consolidación de una trayectoria internacional para Uni-pluriversidad.
Authors: Villa-Ochoa Jhony Alexander
Published: May 2019

Esta editorial ofrece una descripción de las acciones que actualmente se vienen realizando en la revista Uni-pluriversidad y sobre cómo se proyecta a continuar en la consolidación de la trayectoria internacional de la revista. Se ofrece una descripción de los documentos que componen el número 50 de la Revista (Vol 18(2)). Se muestra que los diferenes artículos de este número dialogan con otros documentos publicados a lo largo de la historia de Uni-pluriversidad.
Public services and digital technologies: legal registration in constitutional law
Authors: Voronyuk E. P.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to identify the role and place of digital technologies in public services. Considering the content and importance of the constitutional and legal regulation of public services using digital technologies in the context of the implementation of the constitutionally enshrined social statehood of Russia, the author draws the following conclusion: the objective of the modern State is to fully ensure enforcement of the needs of citizens and the provision of public services using digital technologies.

The analysis of doctrinal approaches and normative consolidation of information and technological organization of interaction between citizens and public authorities showed that the innovative way of digital technologies has been chosen and normatively consolidated in modern Russia as the basis for economic development — the basis of Social Statehood. This requires scientific understanding and development of mechanisms for its implementation in social issues in the legal context.

Also, the author gives a brief overview of the main risks of introduction of digital technologies in Russian constitutional law at the present stage of development. The paper reveals topical issues in heoretical and practical contexts; the author suggests the ways how they can be resolved.
Nature of legal status of the subjects of forensic activities
Authors: Lazareva L. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper discusses the main problems of the enforcement mechanism in the appointment and production of forensic examination. It is shown that the provisions of the current criminal procedural legislation inadequately carry out the legal regulation of the subjects of forensic activities. Particular attention is given to ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of those participating in the expert study of individuals. Analyzing the rules governing the procedure for the appointment of forensic examinations, the author draws attention to the absence of temporary restrictions on familiarizing the participants in the criminal process with the resolution on the appointment of the examination. The author justifies the possibility of vesting the defense with the right to assign expertise, which could be implemented through non-state forensic institutions or private experts. Proposals for the improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice are formulated. The theoretical conclusions formulated in the paper serve as a basis for further research of forensic issues, and can also contribute to the improvement of rule-making in this area.
Network paradigm of private international law: concept contouring
Authors: Mazhorina M. V.
Published: May 2019

Modern society is characterized as a network, which makes it necessary to rethink its superstructure — law — in the logic of the network paradigm of scientific knowledge. At the interface of law and information technology, new legal and sub-legal phenomena arise that need to be conceptualized. International private law, being in the forefront of the changes that are taking place, possesses a special methodology that can adapt to the network society. The paper analyzes the individual signs of the formation of a new paradigm. One of the most revolutionary products of the Network are global technological or digital platforms, within which predominantly cross-border private law relationships are formed, mediated by transactions, collectively understood as e-commerce or m-commerce. The legal analysis suggests that americanization of «platform law» is observed. Of interest for the study of the network paradigm is the emerging practice of online arbitration in disputes involving consumers. A significant role in the regulation of modern cross-border relations is assigned to the norms of non-state regulation, traditionally conceptualized through the prism of lex mercatoria, which is now systematized in the logic of the legal system, highlighting the subsystems brought to life by globalization processes. The corresponding changes testify to the modification of the architecture of the regulation of cross-border relations.
Problems of improving conceptual apparatus in the field of protection and use of natural medicinal resources, medical and recreational areas and resorts
Authors: Zhavoronkova N. G. , Vypkhanova G. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper contains an analysis of theoretical problems associated with the conceptual apparatus in the sanatorium and resort sphere. They are largely due to the complex nature of the legal regulation of relations on the use and protection of natural medicinal resources, medical and recreational areas and resorts by the norms of legislation on public health, civil, urban planning, environmental, land and other branches of legislation. Accordingly, the assessment of legal concepts should cover the sphere of regulation of natural resource relations related to the use of natural resources for therapeutic and recreational purposes; the provision of services, the implementation of sanatorium-resort activities as an integral part of health and socio-economic relations; territorial (spatial) development of resort areas, medical and recreational areas; ecological relations due to the classification of such areas as specially protected. In the study of basic concepts — «health-improving terrain», «resort» — their characteristics such as «curative», «preventive», «wellness» are examined, contradictions in legislation are revealed, the necessity of expanding the criteria that are the basis for imparting with therapeutic natural resources, the corresponding legal status is justified. The necessity of expanding the terms and concepts related to the resort sphere — «resort infrastructure», «resort infrastructure user», «accommodation object», etc. is shown. The authors justify other proposals in the context of recent legislative initiatives in this area.
Ethnocultural training as a factor in preventing ethnic alienation of a personality
Authors: Stepanova A. A. , Symaniuk E. E.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. In the modern world, the expansion of cross-cultural and international contacts, which are not necessarily positive and constructive, is a natural consequence of activisation of territorial and labour mobility of the population. The difficulty of adaptation of migrants to new living conditions belongs to the main causes of tension in interethnic relationship between indigenous peoples and migrants. The process of acculturation of migrants is accompanied by their desire to isolate themselves, which is perceived as a threat by the indigenous population of the country. Relevant scientific problem is the adaptation of migrants to unfamiliar socio-cultural environment without threatening the values of their own ethnic group.

The aim of this research was to present the results of approbation of ethnocultural training for the prevention of ethnic alienation and the formation of biethnic identity.

Methodology and research methods. The present research was based on the concept of “alienation-identity”. In the course of the ascertaining stage of diagnosis of migrants (n = 410), a set of methods of cross-cultural and ethnic psychology was used. The obtained results were processed through mathematical and statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient. A specially designed training for examinees with high rates on the scale of “alienation” (n=15) was developed and conducted. The results of the control stage of diagnosis were processed through mathematical and statistical procedures using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results and scientific novelty. The main characteristics of ethnic alienation are defined: social disadaptation, depression and disharmony of a personality, nostalgia for native culture, individualism, identification with native ethnos. It is revealed that ethnocultural training contributes to the successful adaptation of migrants: personal development, instruction on the accepted standard of behaviour in a multicultural society and acquisition of intercultural communicative competence allow migrants to adapt to a new environment and to feel more confident and comfortable.

Practical significance. The proposed methodological tool can be employed by experts, who implement the state programme on the migrants’ adaptation. Moreover, the methodological toolkit can be useful for representatives of social services, workers of information and adaptation centres and staff of other organisations working on migration issues.
Reconsidering Inclusion: Western theory and post-Soviet reality
Authors: Hallett Fiona , Allan David , Hallett Graham
Published: May 2019

This article analyses the views of individuals from a post-Soviet context in order to better understand current thinking around difference and disability. In this study, the multiplicity of human experience articulated by the research participants highlights immediate, rather than philosophical, priorities. The particular social, cultural and political history of the Republic of Armenia offers an insight into the challenges of, and opportunities for, the development of inclusive practices in the former Soviet Union. As such, it could be argued that the West has much to learn from national contexts that might be dismissed as exclusionary.
How Screendance Was Invented While We Were Busy Claiming It Wasn’t
Authors: Vaghi Katja
Published: May 2019

Many screendance authors seem to worry about the marginalized state of the practice and its lack of a solid scholarly discourse. This leitmotif goes against my perception of screendance as one of the fastest growing fields in dance, both in practice and theory. This short provocation considers some reasons for this feeling of lack and, by juxtaposing them with reflections on the advent of new institutionalized courses in screendance, invites us to revise our perception of the field. Screendance has finally reached a critical mass of works and research to ‘stand by itself.’
Digital Spaces, Analogue Thinking: Some Thoughts on Screendance
Authors: Zanotti Marisa
Published: May 2019

With the rapid development of camera technologies and screening platforms over the past 10 years comes an expanded screendance field that opens itself up to new screen bodies, sites, and audiences. Are there new considerations and indeed less-positive effects in this potential? This writing reflects on process, production, and duration—now and in the past—in screendance, performance, and artists’ films, to address the question, ‘where are we now?’
What Are We Doing?
Authors: Rosenberg Douglas , Ellis Simon
Published: May 2019

An interview of Douglas Rosenberg by Simon Ellis, conducted via Skype on 20 December 2018.
Consuming Dance: Choreography and Advertising by Colleen Dunagan. 2018. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 264 pp.48 screen stills. Paperback $29.95. Hardcover $99.00. ISBN: 9780190491376
Authors: Forbez Xiomara
Published: May 2019

A review of Consuming Dance: Choreography and Advertising by Colleen Dunagan.
Pathways, Histories, and ScreenDance Diaries: Sarah Elgart in Conversation
Authors: Elgart Sarah , Bench Harmony
Published: May 2019

An interview of Sarah Elgart by Harmony Bench, which took place via Skype on January 11, 2019.
Issues and Challenges in Functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Sustainable Development: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Lata Bajpai
Published: May 2019

Sustainable developmental goals (SDG’s) are new global level of goals,
with targets and indicators that 193 member countries of United
Nations in the world have mutually set and agreed upon. There are
17 goals on which the entire world is focusing at present to ensure
sustainable development. For attaining these goals, local self-governance
is used at the grassroots levels and in India the machinery is
Panchayati raj Institutions. These institutions operate from central
and state government level and include all the villages in it.
These villages have panchayats and it is maintained by Gram
Pradhans i.e. elected representatives, Secretary and other members
of the gram panchayats. Though a lot is being done at grassroot
level by these Gram Pradhans, under the mechanism of Panchayati
raj institution and other administrative bodies, however it is not
free from challenges. The present case study is a descriptive study
which focuses attention to identify different challenges the elected
representatives experience, in Panchayati raj institutions in India,
which contribute directly for the sustainable development.
Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Growth Enhancement of a Multipurpose crop Crotalaria Juncea (Sunhemp) in Saline Soil
Authors: Verma Maya , Arora Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2019

Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits the crop productivity.
In this study salt tolerant bacteria were isolated from root nodules
of Crotalaria juncea plant collected from different salt affected sites.
Salt tolerance activity of all the isolates was checked and it was
observed that 47% of the isolates showed up to 8% salt tolerance.
On the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization
isolates were found to be Gram negative, rod shaped
and motile bacteria that belong to rhizobia. All the isolates also
showed nodulation in host plant. Most of the isolates were positive
for various plant growth promoting attributes. On the basis of salt
tolerance and plant growth promoting characterization isolate CR6
was selected for further studies. CR6 showed positive results for
phosphate and zinc solubilisation, and was able to produce indole
acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and exopolysaccharides (EPS). CR6
also showed nitrogen fixation and ACC deaminase activity. CR6 was
applied on Crotalaria plant to enhance growth in saline soil. After
application of CR6 seed germination rate and various growth parameters
such as root length, shoot length, nodule number, fresh weight,
dry weight, leaves count, chlorophyll and proline content of plants
were enhanced in comparison to control, hence CR6 can be used as
an efficient bioinoculant to enhance crop growth in saline soil.
Novel Utilization of Biofertilizers in Crop and Soil Improvement
Authors: Yadav Juhi , Yadav Swati , Singh Samuel
Published: May 2019

The study was carried out to investigate the yield and soil quality of
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and moong (Vigna radiate L.) crop. In order
to obtain high precision in the results of the present investigation, the
research trials were conducted for two consecutive years 2008-09 and
2009-10 under field conditions at Artoni (Agra) site. The experiment was
laid out in RBD with five microbes (Azospirillum, Azotobactor, PSB, Azolla
and Rhizobium) and four levels (120 and 60 kg N for wheat and 25 and 10 kg
N for moong crop) of nitrogen. The results of this experiment proved that
T2 treatment (Azospirillum +60 kg N ha-1) showed the best outcome during
both the years for wheat crop and in moong crop. The growth and yield
parameters i.e. plant height, no. of branches plant-1 no. of pods plant-1, pod
length and grain yield were observed and treatment T7 (Rhizobium +10 kg
N ha-1) was found to be better combination than others. The soil in respect
to its physico-chemical properties showed an improvement due to the use
of biofertilizers when compared to control and farmers practice.
A 9M modell motivációs vizsgálata egy vidéki egyetem gazdasági szakos hallgatóinak körébe
Authors: Balogh Péter , Nagy Richárd
Published: May 2019

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The Generalization of Inflectional and Derivational Patterns to Novel Stems by L1 Turkish Learners of L2 English
Authors: ATAMAN Esra , ÇAĞLAR Ozan Can , KIRKICI Bilal
Published: May 2019

Studies investigating the morphological
processing of affixed forms have to date focused predominantly on inflectional
rather than derivational forms and have mostly tested L1 speakers. The present
study investigated how high and low proficiency Turkish learners of L2 English
generalize regular/irregular verbal inflection and deadjectival un-/in- derivatives
to novel stems in an acceptability judgment task. The results showed that the
participants generalized both the inflectional and derivational affixes to
novel stems when these stems were similar to the existing stems appearing
together with these affixes. However, the participants showed no preference
when novel stems were dissimilar both in the case of verbal inflection and deadjectival
derivatives. The proficiency level of the participants did not affect the
overall response patterns. The results are discussed in terms of different
models proposed for the morphological processing of complex word forms.
Aceptación de servicios financieros en línea por los consumidores del área metropolitana de Monterrey
Authors: Araiza Vázquez María de Jesús , Pedraza Sánchez Erika Yadira
Published: May 2019

Este estudio identifica los posibles factores que pueden motivar u obstaculizar la aceptación de servicios financieros en línea. Los resultados apuntalan que el tam2 es un modelo válido para predecir el propósito de los consumidores objeto de estudio para explicar la diferencia entre adoptantes y no adoptantes. Los indicadores como la protección de la privacidad percibida, la seguridad percibida y la capacidad de innovación del consumidor demuestran tener una relación positiva significativa con estos y predecir significativamente quién es más probable que los adopte. Los hallazgos pueden ayudar a las instituciones financieras a expresar las estrategias de comercialización adecuadas, diseñar sistemas en línea efectivos y acelerar la difusión y uso de estos.
Análisis comparado de la internacionalización de la educación superior: caso de estudio argentino
Authors: Persson Micaela
Published: May 2019

Basado en el análisis comparado de Burton Clark, se plantea un breve estudio de caso de una universidad argentina con el fin de marcar las tensiones actuales en la internacionalización de la educación superior. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativa, exploratoria/descriptiva, utilizando base de datos indizadas y fuentes secundarias de trabajos latinoamericanos. El análisis arroja la importancia de la circulación del conocimiento en la actualidad y resalta el posicionamiento de la marca internacional logrado de la universidad analizada, donde resulta necesario priorizar e invertir en espacios de investigación y docencia para generar un círculo virtuoso de crecimiento en cuanto a la calidad académica, cantidad de alumnos y graduados.
La innovación en Cuba: una valoración crítica
Authors: Díaz Fernández Ileana
Published: May 2019

El artículo realiza un análisis de las tendencias actuales internacionales de la innovación, tomando para ello los resultados del informe global de innovación del 2018, en el que se muestra el bajo perfil de los países de América Latina. Cuba también presenta limitaciones que se muestran en las insuficiencias de su sistema nacional de innovación. El centro del trabajo es mostrar el papel que desempeña la innovación desde los documentos programáticos del país y los resultados del análisis de un conjunto de aspectos, tales como: regulaciones, planificación, fuerza de trabajo, cultura e interacciones en la práctica empresarial estatal cubana.
Empresas e infância no Brasil: a responsabilidade das corporações em coibir a exploração do trabalho infantil
Authors: Atchabahian Ana Cláudia Ruy Cardia , Magnani Hiromoto Carolina
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar criticamente as ações do Estado brasileiro para garantir a efetiva interpretação das normas de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes diante de casos envolvendo a violação de direitos humanos praticados pelas empresas nacionais e internacionais que aqui atuam. A análise ocorre levando em consideração o panorama histórico do desenvolvimento da Teoria da Proteção Integral de crianças e adolescentes, bem como a evolução do arcabouço normativo de proteção da infanto-adolescência no contexto dos Direitos Humanos e Empresas. Por fim, são propostas possíveis soluções aos intérpretes de tais normas para garantir a efetiva responsabilização das empresas que as desrespeitarem. Será utilizado o método indutivo para o alcance das principais conclusões.
Hydration and Strength Characteristics of Green Cementitious Mortars with Ultrahigh-Volume Limestone-Calcined Clay and Class F Fly Ash
Authors: Yu Jing , Mishra Dhanada , Leung Christopher
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate the hydration and strength characteristics of green cementitious mortars with ultrahigh-volume limestone-calcined clay as well as two kinds of Class F fly ash. Using the ASTM C311 strength activity index test method, the effect of different pozzolan replacement levels of cement (0%, 20%, 50%, and 80%, by weight) were investigated. Compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days under standard curing was recorded, and hydration heat of the 20% and 80% replacement mixes was studied using iso-thermal calorimetry. It was observed that the effectiveness of the pozzolan in mortars depends on particle size distribution, glassy or amorphous nature, surface area and replacement level. The sum of all these effects can be captured by the strength activity test only if the standard recommended 20% pozzolan mix is substituted with the actual mix composition. The results in this study provide insights into the mix design and applications of ultrahigh-volume pozzolanic cementitious materials specifically made with limestone-calcined clay, and promote greener cement and concrete in construction industry.
Analisis Anatomi dan Trikoma Tanaman Obat Dandang Gendis Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau
Authors: Tambaru Elis , Paembonan Samuel A , Ura' Resti , Tuwo Mustika
Published: May 2019

Research on the analysis of the anatomy of the stomatal and trichomes of the medicinal plant Dandang Gendis Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau in Makassar City. This study aims to determine the anatomical structure of the stomatal and trichomes of longitudinal cross-section of leaves that are used as herbal medicines. This research method was used to spread acetone to obtain stomatal prints on the leaf surface, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis of the anatomy of the stomatal and trichomes of leaves of the medicinal plant Dandang Gendis Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau was a diacytic type of stomatal, the spread of stomatal was only found on the surface of the abaxial leaf including the apple type. The number of abaxial stomatal was 160 stomatal/mm2. The number of epidermal cells was 748 epidermis/mm2 and abaxial 504 epidermis/mm2, stomatal index 23.95%, and stomatal size 159.26 µm. On the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of Dandang Gendis Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau, glandular and lithocyst trichomes were encountered.
Significance of Electromagnetic Surveys at Active Volcanoes: Toward Evaluating the Imminence of Wet Eruptions
Authors: Hashimoto Takeshi , Kanda Wataru , Morita Yuichi , Hayakawa Midori , Tanaka Ryo , Aoyama Hiroshi , Uyeshima Makoto ,   Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan,   Volcanic Fluid Research Center, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: May 2019

The detection capability of various anomalous phenomena preceding volcanic eruptions has considerably progressed as the geophysical monitoring networks have become denser and multi-disciplinary. However, current eruption forecasting techniques, from a practical perspective, still have much scope for improvement because they largely depend on empirical techniques. In the past decade, three-dimensional modeling based on the electromagnetic sounding methods such as magnetotellurics (MT) have become a practical choice, and its recent applications to active volcanic fields has revealed certain common features among volcanoes. Information about the resistivity structure, especially in ‘wet’ volcanic fields, is useful for the provisional screening of the eruption potential from the viewpoint of the subsurface structure, and, thus, may contribute to the evaluation of eruption imminence in a broad sense. In this study, for evaluation purposes, we present the roles and possible further applications of the subsurface resistivity structure studies by demonstrating the preliminary results and interpretations of an MT survey that we performed in the Kuttara Volcanic Group, northern Japan.
A Simple Procedure for Measuring Magma Rheology
Authors: Kurokawa Aika K. , Miwa Takahiro , Ishibashi Hidemi ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
Published: May 2019

In this study, a procedure to measure the viscosity of multi-phase magma at high temperatures (>1000°C) was developed by using a simple apparatus comprising a commercially available desktop furnace and viscometer. In particular, the use of a disposable container enabled observations of the microstructure of an entire sample. The procedure was applied to basaltic andesite magma of the 1986 Izu–Oshima fissure eruption, Japan. The results show that reliable data, consistent with previous studies, were obtained and that the magma rheology became non-Newtonian with decreasing temperature, showing clear shear-thinning behavior. The rheological properties of the magma at 1180°C are quantitatively described as a function of shear rate based on three simple non-Newtonian fluid models. Sectional views of the sample confirm that plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide crystals were nearly uniformly dispersed in the sample. The mean crystal volume fraction of 0.14 enabled crystal interactions inducing changes in crystal arrangement, affecting the rheology.
Conveying Volcano Information Effectively to Stakeholders – A New Project for Promotion of Next Generation Volcano Research
Authors: Nakada Setsuya ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Miyagi Yousuke , Kubo Tomohiro , Fujita Eisuke
Published: May 2019

A new program for the Next Generation Volcano Research and Human Resource Development started in 2016, following the government’s analysis of a volcanic disaster at Mount Ontake in 2014. One of its important purposes is the development of a technology that can provide visualized information of imminent volcanic hazards to the stakeholders. The latter include researchers in the Volcano Disaster Prevention Councils. Since the volcanic activity in Japan has been relatively less in the past few hundred years, larger eruptions are certainly expected to occur in the near future. Volcanic risk management has developed in Japan independently of university or institutional research, and by a national law, researchers are not allowed to officially forecast imminent volcanic eruptions. In the case of large eruptions never being observed, a close communication between the Japan Meteorological Agency and researchers becomes very important. Our project goal is issuing effective information on real-time observational and hazard mitigation simulation data to the stakeholders and researchers. Based on our inspection and interviews we develop information tools using which the above data are provided effectively and the dissemination and education of volcanic disasters are performed.
Public Private Partnership Operational Model – A Conceptual Study on Implementing Scientific-Evidence-Based Integrated Risk Management at Regional Level
Authors: Lee Yanling , Watanabe Kenji , Li Wei-Sen ,   APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center & National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction 9F, No.200, Sec.3, Beixin Rd., Xindian District, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan,   Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi, Japan
Published: May 2019

The 2004 South-East Asia earthquake and tsunami as well as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquakes and tsunamis caused the greatest economic losses and challenged the continuity of business operations across the continents. Thereafter, regions most at risk when the 2016 Kaohsiung earthquake shook an electronics hub in Southern Taiwan, where lies at the heart of Apple’s supply chain. The large-scale disasters demonstrate the fragility of supply chains and the importance of enhancing disaster resilience through innovative technology and keen collaboration on information sharing/dissemination, resources allocations and risks communication/awareness across borders. With review of the global and regional lessons learn from the large-scale disasters, the increasing threats from devastating earthquakes and extreme weather call for the actions to enhance economic security. Base on the practical experience of DRR project implementations in decades, APEC identifies several key factors to promote disaster resilience in business sectors while the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) declared to promote the disaster risk governance and encourages innovation, science and technology DRR approaches on raising the risk awareness and level of preparedness. At regional level of disaster risk management, empowering the cross-cutting collaborations on science and technology as well as enabling the inter-disciplinary information intelligence platform for communications are keys to resilient society and human well-being. This paper aims to identify conceptual model for enhancing regional resilience and connectivity through public-private partnership. The country-level case studies and comprehensive regional reviews for promoting inclusive and disaster resilient development will be cover.
Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia
Authors: Deribe Elias Seyoum , Bitew Adane , Mihret Amete
Published: May 2019

Background
Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples.

Method
A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Result
A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide.

Conclusion
C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.
Reactivity of tuberculin among Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated school children, Kassala State, Sudan Fatima A. Khalid1. Elderidiry MM2, MM Mukhta3
Authors: Khalid Fatima Abbas , Eldirdery Muataz Mohamed , Mukhtar Maowia Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Background

Tuberculin skin test (TST) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction of latent TB infected patients and BCG vaccinated individuals. It is recommended for screening of mycobacterium infection in many countries. Kassala state in eastern Sudan is known as the highest pulmonary TB endemic region in Sudan. Little data is available on the TST reactivity among school children in Kassala. This activity aimed to measure the prevalence of TST reactivity among school children in Kassala as indictor for exposure and response to BCG vaccination.

Method

Five tuberculin units of PPD were injected intradermally in the left forearm of 2600 children aged 5-15 years attending governmental basic schools in Kassala. BCG scar, child health and nutrition status were assessed before the test. The reactivity of TST was read for 2568 children after 48- 72 hours, interpreted at different cut-off level based on published guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V. 20.0)

Results

Tuberculin reactivity was measured to 2568 out of the 2600, 32 were absent during the measurement. Most of children 2100 (81.8%) had no reaction with TST (no induration). Four hundred and sixty eight (18.2%) had induration ranged from 1mm to 28 mm with mean 3.1mm ±3.29, among them, 17 cases had induration ranged from 10- 28mm. prevalence of BCG scar was 1688 (64.9%). TST reactivity was statistically associated with geographical localities, child gender, and age (P<0.001). High percentage of TST reactivity was recorded in females (65.8%) compared to males (34.1%). Furthermore, TST reactivity was increased with the age, among the strong positive reaction, 9/17 were in age 13-15 years. Also TST reactivity was statistically correlated with nutrition and socioeconomic status ((P<0.001). TST reactivity was not affected by BCG vaccine (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The study provides data on BCG vaccination coverage in Kassala state, the prevalence of non reactivity of TST. No effect of BCG vaccine on reactivity of TST, hence it can be used as the diagnostic tool for detection of LTBI in children. Different confounding factors were associated with TST reactivity including child age, gender and nutrition status, health and socioeconomic status.
Relating Whole-plant Photosynthesis to Physiological Acclimations at Leaf and Cellular Scales under Drought Stress in Bedding Plants
Authors: Nemali Krishna , van Iersel Marc W.
Published: May 2019

Bedding plants are at increased risk for exposure to drought stress during production because they are grown in small containers. Physiological mechanisms of bedding plants at leaf and cellular scales that regulate whole-plant photosynthesis under drought conditions are not well understood. This information can be useful for screening bedding plant cultivars with improved drought-tolerance and generate guidelines to mitigate drought stress during production. We subjected drought-sensitive salvia (Salvia splendens ‘Bonfire Red’) and drought-tolerant vinca (Catharanthus roseus ‘Cooler Peppermint’) to gradual drought stress inside whole-plant gas exchange chambers. Substrate water content (Θ), whole-plant net photosynthesis (Pn_avg), whole-plant respiration (Rd_avg), and daily carbon gain (DCG) were measured continuously, whereas stomatal conductance (gS) to water, leaf water (ΨL), osmotic (ΨS), and turgor (ΨP) potentials were measured at the start and end of the drought phase. In addition, ΨS was measured before exposure to stress and after thoroughly rehydrating plants. Dark-adapted quantum efficiency (dark-adapted ΦPSII) was measured after rehydrating plants. The results indicated that, at whole-plant scale, vinca continued to uptake water at lower Θ levels than the Θ level that resulted in wilting of salvia. There were no differences in Rd_avg; however, Pn_avg and DCG of salvia decreased at a higher Θ level than that of vinca. This indicated that salvia experienced drought stress at a higher Θ level than did vinca. At the leaf scale, there were no differences in ΨL; however, a more negative ΨS (P = 0.06) and significantly higher ΨP were observed in vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions. In addition, ΨS was not different between species before exposure to drought, whereas ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought in vinca was significantly lower than that in salvia. Moreover, ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought was significantly lower than that observed before exposure to drought in vinca. This indicated osmotic adjustment (OA) in vinca under drought conditions. Dark-adapted ΦPSII was lower in salvia than in vinca after exposure to drought, indicating damage to photosynthetic mechanisms. Our results suggested that increased OA likely helped to maintain higher ΨP under drought conditions and continuation of water uptake at lower Θ in vinca compared to salvia. In addition, healthier photosynthetic mechanisms of vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions likely resulted in its higher Pn_avg and DCG at lower Θ. Screening for OA and dark-adapted ΦPSII may be useful for developing drought-tolerant bedding plant cultivars.
SAİT HALİM PAŞA'NIN EGEMENLİK ANLAYIŞI VE ÖNGÖRDÜĞÜ HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİ
Authors: NAL Sabahattin
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, Osmanlının son döneminde yüksek memuriyetlerde bulunmuş, dönemin en güçlü partisi olan İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetinin genel başkanlığını yapmış, sadrazamlık görevinde bulunmuş, İslamcı bir düşünür olan Said Halim Paşa’nın egemenlik anlayışı ve geliştirdiği hükümet sistemi incelenmiştir. İslamcı düşünce yapısına uygun olarak, kanun yapma yetkisiyle donatılmış organ olan teşri merci (yasama kurulu) hariç, devletin etkili makamlarının seçimle işbaşına gelmesini önermiştir. Bu çerçevede, devlet başkanı ve millet meclisi halk tarafından seçilecektir. Fakat bunlar seçimle işbaşına gelseler de şeriattan kaynaklanan bir iktidarı temsil ettiklerinden meşruiyetlerini milletten değil, İslami ilkelere bağlılıktan aldıklarından egemenlik nihai olarak halka ait değildir. Halkın iradesinin üstünde bir ilahi irade vardır. Dolayısıyla onun egemenlik konusundaki yaklaşımı, providansiyel egemenlik anlayışını çağrıştırmaktadır. Devlet bakanının seçimle işbasına gelmesini önerdiğinden, devlet şekli olarak da cumhuriyeti benimsemiştir. Geliştirdiği hükümet sistemi, bazı yönleriyle parlamenter sistemi, bazı yönleriyle başkanlık sistemini çağrıştırmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle geliştirdiği hükümet sisteminin, eklektik bir sistem olduğu söylenebilir. Önerdiği sistemde, kanun yapma yetkisi, halk tarafından seçilmiş meclise değil, İslam hukukçularına ait olacaktır. Bu yönüyle önerdiği hükümet sisteminin günümüz demokratik hükümet sistemleriyle uyumlu olduğu söylenemez.
Patologías de la prueba indiciaria en el delito contra la administración pública: delito de colusión
Authors: Cusi Rimache Jhon Eber
Published: May 2019

En estas líneas alcanzo algunas ideas introductorias de las patologías de la prueba indiciaria. La prueba indiciaria es imprescindible en el proceso penal para la construcción detallada de la historia criminal, construcción rigurosa que determinará la verdad objetiva del hecho punible. Sin embargo, tal importancia se debe realizar evitando las patologías de la prueba indiciaria como la generalidad, ambigüedad, insuficiencia, etc.
Las especies en peligro de extinción y los mecanismos para la recuperación y conservación de la biodiversidad: un estudio sobre la viabilidad de los mecanismos y las trabas burocráticas
Authors: López Alfonsín Marcelo , Sol Bucetto María
Published: May 2019

La biodiversidad mundial se ha visto afectada por el fenómeno de la extinción de especies. La UICN utiliza categorías y criterios preestablecidos que tienen la intención de ser un sistema de fácil comprensión para clasificar especies en alto riesgo de extinción global. Para hacer frente a este dramático escenario, la mejor estrategia es la preservación del medio natural, pero cuando ello no es posible existen otras propuestas como lo dispuesto en la Ley de Especies en Peligro de Extinción (ESA) de Estados Unidos y los mecanismos de incentivo y los centros de reproducción en cautividad y las biotecnologías reproductivas. Todos estos procesos están sujetos a tediosos escollos burocráticos que dificultan el éxito de los programas. Al analizar el caso del huemul, en tanto monumento natural argentino, consideramos que el futuro de la recuperación y conservación se encuentra en los centros de reproducción en cautiverio.
Estimating evapotranspiration over vegetated surfaces based on wet patch patterns
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Wang Zhi-Hua
Published: May 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle and natural water-energy nexus. The dynamics of soil water content (θ) in the top surface layer, regulated by local climate, predominates the surface energy exchange and ET behavior. In this study, we proposed a novel ET-θ relation using a physically based wet patch radius coupling the near surface turbulent transfer and soil water availability. The model is tested against the dataset from eddy covariance (EC) sites in the AmeriFlux network. The results show that ET rate is supply-driven under low soil moisture conditions since the plant controls the transpiration rate to conserve water due to water stress. While in energy-limited condition, increasing soil moisture will not promote ET rate as it is bounded by the lower atmospheric demand. The proposed method is practically designed to calculate ET using variables readily measured by standard EC towers such as soil moisture and meteorological measurements. The method can also potentially be extended to predict the spatial and physical patterns of ecosystem services under different hydroclimatic conditions.
Distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the sediments of Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Liu Shuli , Jian Minfei , Zhou Longyin , Li Wenhua
Published: May 2019

Microplastics are considered to be a widespread environmental contaminant, posing a serious threat to the aquatic environment. We addressed this issue based on field observations and laboratory analysis of samples from Poyang Lake. We collected sediment samples from 10 sites across Poyang Lake during 2017. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 11 to 3,153 items/kg dw in the sediment samples. Except at Nanjishan, the amount of microplastics in different periods decreased in the order: December > April > July. Microplastics with a size <1 mm were the most abundant fraction in sediments, reaching over 50%. Observations under microscope revealed four types of microplastics in Poyang Lake: fragments, films, foams and fibers. Fragments were more common in sediments. Microplastics have complex surface topography, typically including rough surfaces, porous structures, cracks and extensive damage. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that most microplastics contained Si, Na, Ca, Cl and Al. Overall, the results provided strong evidence of high levels of microplastics in Poyang Lake, suggested that the microplastics pollution status in Poyang Lake should continue to be monitored.
Evaluation of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Level in Type 2 Diabetic Chronic HCV Non-cirrhotic Treatment-Naïve Egyptian Patients Eradicated with Sofosbuvir Plus Daclatasvir
Authors: Hussein Hany Aly , Allam Ahmed Samir , Moaty Ahmed Samir Abdel
Published: May 2019

Background /Introduction:

A high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was
seen in association with hepatitis C virus infection; moreover, risk of development of T2DM is increased
about 11 folds in patients with risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the presence of chronic
hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There is a few available data on the effect of HCV eradication by
the new direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) on the glycemic control; hence the aim of our study is to
evaluate the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level changes in type 2 diabetic chronic HCV non cirrhotic
treatment-naïve Egyptian patients after eradication with sofosbuvir (SOV) plus daclatasvir (DCV).

Patients and Methods:

A prospective observational cross-sectional study, included 128 type 2 diabetic
HCV patients with easy to treat criteria (non cirrhotic treatment-naïve patients with the following
liver biochemical markers; total serum bilirubin ≤ 1.2 mg/dl, serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dl, INR≤ 1.2 and
Platelet count≥ 150.000/mm3); according to the protocol of the Egyptian National Committee for Controlling
HCV and the guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver. HbA1c was
done for all patients enrolled in the study before starting antiviral treatment, at the end of treatment and
3 months (12 weeks) after the end of treatment to patients who achieved sustained virological response
(SVR) 12 only.

Results:

According to their antidiabetic medications, patients were classified to Group I: 70 patients taking
oral hypoglycemic drugs, Group II: 58 patients taking insulin therapy +/- oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Regarding the glycemic profile, a statistically significant decrease of mean HbA1c % values was found
in the studied patients (n=128), over the period of the study with p-value < 0.05. For better evaluation
of improvement of glycemic control, we used a composite endpoint given by the reduction of HbA1c
% (of a minimum of 0.5%). The endpoint was reached to 79% (101 patients) of all studied patients 3
months after the end of treatment. 75.7% (53 patients) reached the endpoint in group I, while 82.75 %
(48 patients) of group II reached the endpoint 3 months after the end of treatment.

Conclusion:

This study supports the idea that HCV eradication leads to a reduction in HbA1c in patients
with diabetes, which could delay the onset and progression of microvascular diabetes complications.