bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fluorescent Cy7-Mercaptopyridine for the Selective Detection of Glutathione over Homocysteine and Cysteine
Authors: Yoon Shin A , Kim Wantae , Sharma Amit , Verwilst Peter , Won Miae , Lee Min Hee
Published: September 2018

We describe a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe 1 for the selective detection of GSH over Hcy and Cys under physiological conditions. Probe 1 was composed of Cy7 as a NIR dye and 2-mercaptopyridine as a GSH-reactive site and fluorescence quencher. In the presence of GSH, the 2-mercaptopyridine functionality of probe 1 was replaced by the thiolate group of GSH through a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a fluorescence increase at 818 nm. The probe was found to be highly selective for GSH over Hcy, Cys, and other tested potential interferants, including ROS and metal ions. In addition, probe 1 successfully displayed fluorescence changes in response to changing the GSH concentrations in MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of external agents i.e., N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; as GSH inducer) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; as GSH inhibitor). We envision that probe 1 will serve as a promising sensing tool for monitoring the changes of the GSH level and the understanding of the roles of GSH under physiological and pathological conditions.
Potentiality of Using Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery to Investigate Artificial Light Pollution
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Guojin , Long Tengfei , Guo Hongxiang , Yin Ranyu , Leng Wanchun , Liu Huichan , Wang Guizhou
Published: September 2018

The successful launch of Luojia 1-01 complements the existing nighttime light data with a high spatial resolution of 130 m. This paper is the first study to assess the potential of using Luojia 1-01 nighttime light imagery for investigating artificial light pollution. Eight Luojia 1-01 images were selected to conduct geometric correction. Then, the ability of Luojia 1-01 to detect artificial light pollution was assessed from three aspects, including the comparison between Luojia 1-01 and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS), the source of artificial light pollution and the patterns of urban light pollution. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of Luojia 1-01 were discussed. The results showed the following: (1) Luojia 1-01 can detect a higher dynamic range and capture the finer spatial details of artificial nighttime light. (2) The averages of the artificial light brightness were different between various land use types. The brightness of the artificial light pollution of airports, streets, and commercial services is high, while dark areas include farmland and rivers. (3) The light pollution patterns of four cities decreased away from the urban core and the total light pollution is highly related to the economic development. Our findings confirm that Luojia 1-01 can be effectively used to investigate artificial light pollution. Some limitations of Luojia 1-01, including its spectral range, radiometric calibration and the effects of clouds and moonlight, should be researched in future studies.
Flood Detection in Gaofen-3 SAR Images via Fully Convolutional Networks
Authors: Kang Wenchao , Xiang Yuming , Wang Feng , Wan Ling , You Hongjian
Published: September 2018

Emergency flood monitoring and rescue need to first detect flood areas. This paper provides a fast and novel flood detection method and applies it to Gaofen-3 SAR images. The fully convolutional network (FCN), a variant of VGG16, is utilized for flood mapping in this paper. Considering the requirement of flood detection, we fine-tune the model to get higher accuracy results with shorter training time and fewer training samples. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our proposed algorithm not only gives robust and accurate detection results but also significantly reduces the detection time.
Electronic Systems Diagnosis Fault in Gasoline Engines Based on Multi-Information Fusion
Authors: Hu Jie , Huang Tengfei , Zhou Jiaopeng , Zeng Jiawei
Published: September 2018

The rapid development of electronic techniques in automobile has led to an increase of potential safety hazards, thus, a strong on-board diagnostic (OBD) system is desperately needed. To solve the problem of OBD insensitivity to manufacture errors or aging faults, the paper proposes a novel multi information fusion method. The diagnostic model is composed of a data fusion layer, feature fusion layer, and decision fusion layer. They are based on the back propagation (BP) neural network, support vector machine (SVM), and evidence theory, respectively. Algorithms are mainly focused on the reliability allocation of diagnostic results, which come from the data fusion layer and feature fusion layer. A fault simulator system was developed to simulate bias and drift faults of the intake pressure sensor. The real vehicle experiment was carried out to acquire data that are used to verify the availability of the method. Diagnostic results show that the multi-information fusion method improves diagnostic accuracy and reliability effectively. The study will be a promising approach for the diagnosis bias and drift fault of sensors in electronic control systems.
The Dynamic EEG Microstates in Mental Rotation
Authors: Kong Wanzeng , Wang Luyun , Zhang Jianhai , Zhao Qibin , Sun Junfeng
Published: September 2018

Mental rotation is generally analyzed based on event-related potential (ERP) in a time domain with several characteristic electrodes, but neglects the whole spatial-temporal brain pattern in the cognitive process which may reflect the underlying cognitive mechanism. In this paper, we mainly proposed an approach based on microstates to examine the encoding of mental rotation from the spatial-temporal changes of EEG signals. In particular, we collected EEG data from 11 healthy subjects in a mental rotation cognitive task using 12 different stimulus pictures representing left and right hands at various rotational angles. We applied the microstate method to investigate the microstates conveyed by the event-related potential extracted from EEG data during mental rotation, and obtained four microstate modes (referred to as modes A, B, C, D, respectively). Subsequently, we defined several measures, including microstate sequences, topographical map, hemispheric lateralization, and duration of microstate, to characterize the dynamics of microstates during mental rotation. We observed that (1) the microstates sequence had a specified progressing mode, i.e., A → B → A ; (2) the activation of the right parietal occipital region was stronger than that of the left parietal occipital region according to the hemispheric lateralization of the microstates mode A; and (3) the duration of the second microstates mode A showed the shorter duration in the vertical stimuli, named “angle effect”.
Analysis and Self-Calibration Method for Asynchrony between Sensors in Rotation INS
Authors: Sui Jie , Wang Lei , Huang Tao , Zhou Qi
Published: September 2018

The gyroscope, accelerometer and angular encoder are the most important components in a dual-axis rotation inertial navigation system (RINS). However, there are asynchronies among the sensors, which will thus lead to navigation errors. The impact of asynchrony between the gyroscope and angular encoder on the azimuth error and the impact of asynchrony between the gyroscope and accelerometer on the velocity error are analyzed in this paper. A self-calibration method based on navigation errors is proposed based on the analysis above. Experiments show that azimuth and velocity accuracy can be improved by compensating the asynchronies.
Fraud, Economic versus Social-Psychological Losses, and Sustainable E-Auction
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Tsai Fu-Sheng , Lin Chih-Chen , Cheng Ya-Fang , Lu Kun-Hwa
Published: September 2018

As compared to the economic losses, social and psychological losses are of equal importance in discussing the losses when encountering fraud. Taking advantage of a perspective paper form (i.e., free writing style with a mix of description, analysis, and comments) with in-depth discussions and well-developed propositions, we combine considerations from the knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management to discuss the comparative seriousness of different fraud-caused losses. The conceptual model mainly articulates on a series of relationships among different degrees of knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management in predicting the various combinative losses in the economic, social, and psychological aspects. Propositions follow. First, when the knowledge gap is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be higher, while lower in social and psychological losses. Second, when perceived platform quality is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be lower, while higher in social and psychological losses. Third, when platform risk management is better, all aspects of being cheated on the internet will be lower. Based on the assumption of network externality, we also argue that the multiple dimensions of fraud-caused losses may damage e-auction sustainability. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
Multimedia Data Modelling Using Multidimensional Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: He Zhen , Gao Shaobing , Xiao Liang , Liu Daxue , He Hangen
Published: September 2018

Modelling the multimedia data such as text, images, or videos usually involves the analysis, prediction, or reconstruction of them. The recurrent neural network (RNN) is a powerful machine learning approach to modelling these data in a recursive way. As a variant, the long short-term memory (LSTM) extends the RNN with the ability to remember information for longer. Whilst one can increase the capacity of LSTM by widening or adding layers, additional parameters and runtime are usually required, which could make learning harder. We therefore propose a Tensor LSTM where the hidden states are tensorised as multidimensional arrays (tensors) and updated through a cross-layer convolution. As parameters are spatially shared within the tensor, we can efficiently widen the model without extra parameters by increasing the tensorised size; as deep computations of each time step are absorbed by temporal computations of the time series, we can implicitly deepen the model with little extra runtime by delaying the output. We show by experiments that our model is well-suited for various multimedia data modelling tasks, including text generation, text calculation, image classification, and video prediction.
3D Spatial Pyramid Dilated Network for Pulmonary Nodule Classification
Authors: Zhang Guokai , Liu Xiao , Zhu Dandan , He Pengcheng , Liang Lipeng , Luo Ye , Lu Jianwei
Published: September 2018

Lung cancer mortality is currently the highest among all kinds of fatal cancers. With the help of computer-aided detection systems, a timely detection of malignant pulmonary nodule at early stage could improve the patient survival rate efficiently. However, the sizes of the pulmonary nodules are usually various, and it is more difficult to detect small diameter nodules. The traditional convolution neural network uses pooling layers to reduce the resolution progressively, but it hampers the network’s ability to capture the tiny but vital features of the pulmonary nodules. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel 3D spatial pyramid dilated convolution network to classify the malignancy of the pulmonary nodules. Instead of using the pooling layers, we use 3D dilated convolution to learn the detailed characteristic information of the pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, we show that the fusion of multiple receptive fields from different dilated convolutions could further improve the classification performance of the model. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves a better result with an accuracy of 88.6 % , which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Development of a Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Rapid Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Strip for Detecting Citrinin in Monascus Fermented Food
Authors: Wu Shih-Wei , Yu Yao-An , Liu Biing-Hui , Yu Feng-Yih
Published: September 2018

Antibodies against citrinin (CTN) were generated from rabbits, which were injected with CTN-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). This work involved the development of a sensitive competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cdELISA) and a rapid gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip (immunostrip) method for analyzing CTN in Monascus-fermented food. CTN at a concentration of 5.0 ng/mL caused 50% inhibition (IC50) of CTN-horseradish peroxidase (CTN-HRP) binding to the antibodies in the cdELISA. The capable on-site detection of CTN was accomplished by a rapid antibody-gold nanoparticle immunostrip with a detection limit of 20 ng/mL and that was completed within 15 min. A close inspection of 19 Monascus-fermented foods by cdELISA confirmed that 14 were contaminated with citrinin at levels from 28.6–9454 ng/g. Further analysis with the immunostrip is consistent with those results obtained using cdELISA. Both means are sensitive enough for the rapid examination of CTN in Monascus-fermented food products.
Identification of the Potential Virulence Factors and RNA Silencing Suppressors of Mulberry Mosaic Dwarf-Associated Geminivirus
Authors: Yang Xiuling , Ren Yanxiang , Sun Shaoshuang , Wang Dongxue , Zhang Fanfan , Li Dawei , Li Shifang , Zhou Xueping
Published: September 2018

Plant viruses encode virulence factors or RNA silencing suppressors to reprogram plant cellular processes or to fine-tune host RNA silencing-mediated defense responses. In a previous study, Mulberry mosaic dwarf-associated virus (MMDaV), a novel, highly divergent geminivirus, has been identified from a Chinese mulberry tree showing mosaic and dwarfing symptoms, but the functions of its encoded proteins are unknown. In this study, all seven proteins encoded by MMDaV were screened for potential virulence and RNA silencing suppressor activities. We found that V2, RepA, and Rep affect the pathogenicity of a heterologous potato virus X. We showed that V2 could inhibit local RNA silencing and long-distance movement of the RNA silencing signal, but not short-range spread of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana 16c plants. In addition, V2 localized to both subnuclear foci and the cytoplasm. Deletion mutagenesis of V2 showed that the basic motif from amino acids 61 to 76 was crucial for V2 to form subnuclear foci and for suppression of RNA silencing. Although the V2 protein encoded by begomoviruses or a curtovirus has been shown to have silencing suppressor activity, this is the first identification of an RNA silencing suppressor from a woody plant-infecting geminivirus.
Investigating the Dynamic Influence of Hydrological Model Parameters on Runoff Simulation Using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-2-Based Multilevel-Factorial-Analysis Method
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Wang Yimin , Chang Jianxia , Guo Aijun , Li Ziyan
Published: September 2018

Hydrological model parameters are generally considered to be simplified representations that characterize hydrologic processes. Therefore, their influence on runoff simulations varies with climate and catchment conditions. To investigate the influence, a three-step framework is proposed, i.e., a Latin hypercube sampling (LHS-OAT) method multivariate regression model is used to conduct parametric sensitivity analysis; then, the multilevel-factorial-analysis method is used to quantitatively evaluate the individual and interactive effects of parameters on the hydrologic model output. Finally, analysis of the reasons for dynamic parameter changes is performed. Results suggest that the difference in parameter sensitivity for different periods is significant. The soil bulk density (SOL_BD) is significant at all times, and the parameter Soil Convention Service (SCS) runoff curve number (CN2) is the strongest during the flood period, and the other parameters are weaker in different periods. The interaction effects of CN2 and SOL_BD, as well as effective hydraulic channel conditions (CH_K2) and SOL_BD, are obvious, indicating that soil bulk density can impact the amount of loss generated by surface runoff and river recharge to groundwater. These findings help produce the best parameter inputs and improve the applicability of the model.
From "Withered Wood" to "Dead Ashes": Burning Bodies, Metamorphosis, and the Ritual Production of Power
Authors: Meulenbeld Mark r.e.
Published: September 2018

Cet article porte sur le rituel taoïste de transformation du corps tel qu'il est couramment accompli dans la province du Hunan, et aussi tel qu'il apparaît dans une série de sources canoniques et apocryphes. L'auteur soutient que la métaphore rituelle constitue une clé pour comprendre les « formes poétiques du pouvoir » du taoïsme. En considérant la transformation du corps en tant que narration discursivement structurée d'une incinération sacrificielle, l'auteur montre combien le langage de la victime humaine brûlée participe de l'efficacité rituelle, en particulier dans le cas du rituel pour faire venir la pluie. Les narrations qui, historiquement, précédent les accomplissements modernes du rituel de la métamorphose, peuvent être mieux comprises si on les situe dans un contexte social tel que celui du Hunan. Autrement dit, à première vue, la narration dans les textes classiques semble construire la transformation du corps en tant que discours autonome, exclusivement tourné vers la transformation intérieure de personnages reclus. Mais compte tenu du fait que ce genre de discours sur la transformation intérieure fait l'objet de célébrations publiques se déroulant dans un cadre social de patronage du rituel, et étant donné l'efficacité rituelle attendue de telles performances de nos jours, il est peut-être plus pertinent de considérer les textes classiques comme les produits d'un environnement où les pratiques spirituelles autorisaient les pratiquants à pouvoir incarner les forces commandant sur les puissances cosmiques — puissances qui pouvaient être utilisées pour le bénéfice de la société.
Two new species of Hydromedusae from Queensland, Australia (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata)
Authors: Uribe-Palomino Julian , Pausina Sarah , Gershwin Lisa-Ann
Published: September 2018

Two new species of small hydromedusae were found during routine monitoring in coastal waters of eastern Australia and are here described. The first,MelicertissaantrichardsoniUribe-Palomino & Gershwin,sp. n., from Moreton Bay, Queensland, is placed in its genus because of its possession of both cordyli and eight-fold symmetry. It differs from its congeners in two conspicuous features: firstly, having small, oval split gonads located adjacent to the base of the stomach, and secondly, in its extremely small size at maturity (2 mm bell diameter, compared to the next smallest species at 7 mm). Moreover, it possesses a unique combination of other characters. This species appears to be endemic to Moreton Bay. The second new species,ParaloveniayongalensisGershwin & Uribe-Palomino,sp. n., from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, is placed in its genus because of its two opposite normal tentacles and two opposite marginal clusters of cirri. It differs from its congeners primarily in a more rounded body than the others; the shape, length, and position of its short spindle-shaped, distal gonads; possession of subumbrellar nematocyst clusters; and possession of statocysts. These discoveries bring the total number ofMelicertissaspecies to eight and the total number ofParaloveniaspecies to three. The discovery of these two micromedusae underscores the need for further examination of the often-ignored minute and/or gelatinous fauna.
 Os desafios da humanização dentro de unidades de pronto atendimento: a visão dos gestores/ The challenges of humanization within units of ready attendance: the vision of managers
Authors: Leite Tereza Emanuelle Holanda Pereira , Nunes de Sousa Francisco Ionário , Ponte Vanessa Aguiar , Mariano Monaliza Ribeiro , Barbosa Priscilla Mayara Estrela , Araújo Thiago Moura
Published: September 2018

A Política Nacional de Humanização do Sistema Único de Saúde tem provocado mudanças no cenário nacional com impactos também na rede de atendimento de urgência e emergência. Objetivou-se identificar os desafios da humanização dentro de Unidades de Pronto Atendimento na visão dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e registro em gravador de voz, com 18 gestores médicos e enfermeiros. Para análise sistemática dos dados utilizou-se a proposta operativa para análise de dados qualitativos. Emergindo as seguintes categorias: a Política Nacional de Humanização nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento na visão dos gestores; fatores influentes que interferem no processo de humanização; e ações dos gestores na promoção da humanização nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. Constatou-se que a política nacional de humanização do SUS não está clara para todos os gestores, os quais indicam como fatores prejudiciais para humanização a elevada demanda de usuários, os fatores pessoais dos profissionais e dos usuários e as condições de serviço ofertadas. Manter-se presente nos serviços de saúde e desenvolver atividades de capacitação e orientação são atitudes positivas na visão dos gestores para o desenvolvimento da humanização.
Experiência do adoecimento por câncer de uma jovem e a constelação do cuidado familiar/ Experience of a young woman’s cancer and the family care constellation
Authors: Bezerra Maria Simone Mendes , Souza Ítala Paris de , Souza Solange Pires Salomé de , Barbosa Maria Aparecida Rodrigues da Silva
Published: September 2018

Objetivamos compreender o movimento do cuidado tecido pela família frente ao adoecimento por câncer de uma jovem e como esse cuidado ocorreu segundo o envolvimento familiar, profissional e institucional. Optamos pela abordagem compreensiva, pelo estudo de situação e pela história de vida que foi operacionalizada pela entrevista em profundidade e observação. Realizamos a análise por meio de leituras e reflexões/discussões no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa com elaboração de desenhos sintetizadores. Nesse processo, as narrativas se aglutinaram em torno do tema “cuidado familiar” originando a imagem da “Constelação do Cuidado”. O estudo mostrou que a família se articulou, em movimento sinergético, para modelar o cuidado e, mesmo estando imersa em vulnerabilidade, consegui encontrar forças ao utilizar o potencial de cada ente familiar no cuidado. Nesse percurso, o cuidado foi ofertado, geralmente de forma crescente, pelos amigos e pelas instituições religiosas. Todavia, os profissionais e as instituições de saúde, quando a cura deixou de ser possível, se distanciaram progressivamente da família. Propomos reflexões acerca do valor do cuidado familiar e de como ele é modelado, permitindo compreensão e aproximação por parte da enfermagem para uma prática de cuidado que atenda às necessidades da pessoa adoecida, incluindo e reforçando os potenciais da família.
Economic Analysis of the Using of Traditional Fuel and Solar Energy to Power Irrigation Pumps in Egypt
Authors: Shouman Enas R. , Ezz Hesham , Bakhoum Emad S.
Published: September 2018

Water requirements in Egypt are growing due to population rise, improving living standard, and agriculture expansion. Nowadays, the agricultural sector represents the largest amount of the total water consumption in Egypt. In addition, the Egyptian government goal is to reclaim - as much - land in the desert to meet the food needs. In Egypt, most of electric energy depends on diesel powered generators; furthermore, desert areas are far away from the electric grids. These are the current considerable problems to reclaim desert in Egypt. On the other hand, delivering and using diesel is facing different economic and environmental risks due to its raising price as well as air pollution and global warming. Sustainable development is a challenge of Egyptian government; therefore, using solar energy applications can serve the unique needs of Egyptians who inhabit in desert area. One of these applications is the “off-grid solar water pumps” that discharge underground water from deep wells for agricultural uses. In this paper an economic study is presented to compare between using pumping system powered by traditional fossil fuel and another system powered by solar energy generated from PV panels to operate a farm in the desert fringes. The water pumping system is designed to irrigate a farm of 10 feddans. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to use solar energy in desert reclamation due to its long run efficiency, environment conservation, and lower total life cycle cost.
Establishing Long-term Measurements of Halocarbons at Taunus Observatory
Authors: Schuck Tanja J. , Lefrancois Fides , Gallmann Franziska , Wang Danrong , Jesswein Markus , Hoker Jesica , Bönisch Harald , Engel Andreas
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In late 2013, a whole air flask collection program started at the Taunus Observatory (TO) in central Germany. Being a rural site in close vicinity to the densely populated Rhein-Main area, Taunus Observatory allows to assess local and regional emissions. Owed to its altitude of 825 m, the site also regularly experiences background conditions, especially when air masses approach from north-westerly directions. With a large footprint area mainly covering central Europe north of the Alps, halocarbon measurements at the site have the potential to improve the data base for estimation of regional and total European halogenated greenhouse gas emissions. Flask samples are collected weekly for offline analysis using a GC-MS system employing a quadrupole as well as a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As background reference, additional samples are collected approximately bi-weekly at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station (MHD) when air masses approach from the site's clean air sector. Thus the TO time series can be linked to the in-situ AGAGE measurements and the NOAA flask sampling program at MHD. An iterative baseline identification procedure separates polluted samples from baseline data. While there is good agreement of baseline mixing ratios between TO and MHD, with a larger variability of mixing ratios at the continental site, measurements at TO are regularly influenced by elevated halocarbon mixing ratios. Here, first time series are presented for CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, HFC-134a, HFC-227ea, HFC-245fa, and dichloromethane. While atmospheric mixing ratios of the CFCs decrease, they increase for the HCFC and the HFCs. Small unexpected differences between CFC-11 and CFC-12 are found with regard to the occurrence of high mixing ratio events and seasonality, although production and use of both compounds are strictly regulated by the Montreal Protocol, and therefore a similar decrease of atmospheric mixing ratios should occur. Dichloromethane, a solvent about which recently concerns have risen regarding its growing influence on stratospheric ozone depletion, does not show a significant trend with regard to both, baseline mixing ratios and the occurrence of pollution events at Taunus Observatory for the time period covered, indicating stable emissions in the regions that influence the site. An analysis of HYSPLIT trajectories reveals differences in halocarbon mixing ranges depending on air mass origin.
Estimating the thickness of unconsolidated coastal aquifers along the global coastline
Authors: Zamrsky Daniel , Oude Essink Gualbert H. P. , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Knowledge of aquifer thickness is crucial for setting up numerical
groundwater flow models to support groundwater resource management and
control. Fresh groundwater reserves in coastal aquifers are particularly
under threat of salinization and depletion as a result of climate change,
sea-level rise, and excessive groundwater withdrawal under urbanization. To
correctly assess the possible impacts of these pressures we need better
information about subsurface conditions in coastal zones. Here, we propose a
method that combines available global datasets to estimate, along the global
coastline, the aquifer thickness in areas formed by unconsolidated sediments.
To validate our final estimation results, we collected both borehole and
literature data. Additionally, we performed a numerical modelling study to
evaluate the effects of varying aquifer thickness and geological complexity
on simulated saltwater intrusion. The results show that our aquifer thickness
estimates can indeed be used for regional-scale groundwater flow modelling
but that for local assessments additional geological information should be
included. The final dataset has been made publicly available
(https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880771).
Theoretical Interpretation of the Exceptional Sediment Transport of Fine-grained Dispersal Systems Associated with Bedform Categories
Authors: Zhao Tian , Yu Qian , Wang Yunwei , Gao Shu
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Being a widespread source-to-sink sedimentary environment, the fine-grained dispersal system (FGDS) features remarkably high sediment flux, interacting closely with local morphology and ecosystem. Such exceptional transport is believed to be associated with changes in bedform geometry, which further demands theoretical interpretation. Using van Rijn (2007a) bed roughness predictor, we set up a simple numerical model to calculate sediment transport, classify sediment transport behaviors into dune and (mega-)ripple dominant regimes, and discuss the causes of the sediment transport regime shift linked with bedform categories. Both regimes show internally consistent transport behaviors, and the latter, associated with FGDSs, exhibits considerably higher sediment transport rate than the previous. Between lies the coexistence zone, the sediment transport regime shift accompanied by degeneration of dune roughness, which can considerably reinforce sediment transport and is further highlighted under greater water depth. This study can be applied to modeling of sediment transport and morphodynamics.
How steady are steady-state mountain belts? – a re-examination of the Olympic Mountains (Washington State, USA)
Authors: Michel Lorenz , Glotzbach Christoph , Falkowski Sarah , Adams Byron A. , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Olympic Mountains of Washington State (USA) represent the aerially exposed accretionary wedge of the Cascadia subduction zone and are thought to be in flux steady-state, whereby the mass outflux (denudation) and influx (tectonic accretion) into the mountain range are balanced. We use a multi-method approach to investigate how temporal variations in the influx and outflux could affect previous interpretations of flux steady-state. This includes published and new thermochronometric ages for (U-Th)/He dating of apatite and zircon (AHe and ZHe, respectively) and fission track dating of apatite and zircon (AFT and ZFT, respectively), 1D thermo-kinematic modelling of thermochronometric data and independent estimates of outflux and influx. We present 61 new thermochronometric ages. AHe ages are generally young ( 2 km/Myr to  1 km/Myr. This demonstrates that the material outflux is varying through time, requiring a commensurate variation in influx to maintain flux steady-state. Evaluation of the offshore and onshore sediment record shows, that the material influx is also variable through time and that the amount of sediment residing in the wedge is spatially variable. Our quantitative assessment of influx and outflux indicates that the Olympic Mountains could be in flux steady-state on long timescales (107 yr), but significant perturbations of steady-state occur on shorter timescales (105–106 yr), e.g., during the Plio-Pleistocene glaciation.
Analysis of Territorial Accessibility to the Nodes of Health Activity in the Municipality of Pitalito, Colombia
Authors: Escobar Diego A. , Montoya Jorge A. , Moncada Carlos A.
Published: September 2018

The current population growth links different social and economic development problems that must be addressed, within these public health, which should be of high priority in order to minimize the threats of health in the citizenry; therefore, administrative entities must get strong commitments in minimum periods of time. Taking into account the above, it is proposed to evaluate the level of accessibility offered by the road infrastructure network in the municipality of Pitalito, department of Huila, as well as the level of coverage by population and area for the years 2015 (base scenario) and 2031 (intervened scenario), through the use of geostatistical methods from digital tools.
O Nacionalismo de Vieira Brandão na Tocata 1 (Estudo n.4) para piano solo
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rodrigues Mauren Liebich Frey , Gerling Cristina Maria Pavan Capparelli ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo discute a postura e o engajamento do compositor José Vieira Brandão (1911-2002) frente às correntes nacionalistas brasileiras a partir dos escritos teórico-analíticos do compositor na Tese de Livre Docência (1949). Este posicionamento se evidencia na sua prática composicional. A análise da Tocata n.1 (Estudo n.4) foca na obra dedicada a Villa-Lobos, acatado como o representante máximo do modernismo nacionalista e com quem Brandão teve uma maior proximidade. Este procedimento analítico leva em consideração alguns dos principais aspectos socioculturais compartilhados por Brandão. Como ferramentas analíticas para o discurso musical, são adotados alguns parâmetros estabelecidos por Agawu (2009) com foco nas tópicas, adaptadas para a música latino-americana por Plesch (1996) e para a brasileira por Piedade (2013). Através desta obra torna-se possível compreender como os “novos rumos estéticos” (BRANDÃO, 1949) retratam em música a construção de um ideário nacional brasileiro. Por fim, é possível compreender como a Tocata 1 para piano representa a maneira como o compositor apropria-se de elementos musicais característicos desta época para se posicionar quanto ao seu meio cultural e sua visão artística.
Vetores harmônicos: Ensaio de uma sistemática das progressões harmônicas
Authors:   University Paris-Sorbonne, Meeùs Nicolas , Carvalho Marília do Espírito Santo ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Freitas Sérgio Paulo Ribeiro de ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: September 2018

Apresenta-se aqui uma versão em português daquele que é considerado por seu autor, o musicólogo belga Nicolas Meeùs (1944-), como o ensaio fundador da teoria dos vetores harmônicos. O texto foi originalmente publicado em francês em 1988 pela revista Fascicules d’Analyse Musicale e, na presente tradução, recebe alguns adendos e comentários. Neste ensaio, Meeùs retoma o debate acerca da classificação das progressões harmônicas, revisa a argumentação de autores que marcam a história da teoria musical ao longo do século XX – Hugo Riemann, Heinrich Schenker e Arnold Schoenberg – e percebe, nessa argumentação, a contribuição de teóricos anteriores, tais como Jean-Philippe Rameau, Gottfried Weber, Anton Bruckner e Simon Sechter. Destaca- -se também o diálogo que Meeùs estabelece com a sistematização recente, publicada em 1980, por Yitzhak Sadai. Por fim, para ilustrar a tese de que é possível reduzir a sintaxe das progressões harmônicas a apenas duas categorias – chamadas então de “vecteur dominant” e “vecteur sous-dominant” –, Meeùs experimenta a análise vetorial em obras de J. S. Bach, Beethoven e Chopin.
The Most Suitable Scoring Method to Assess Essay Writing in ESL Classrooms
Authors: Veloo Arsaythamby , Hashima Abd Aziz Noor , Yaacob Aizan
Published: September 2018

The Malaysian Education Act in 1996 states that the national language which is the Malay language becomes the main medium of instruction in educational institutions and English is accorded the status of a second language. In Malaysian schools, teachers are given the freedom to use their own teaching and assessment methods in assessing their students’ writing. However, majority of the English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers use a scoring method adapted from the Malaysian Examination to assess their students’ writing. For the Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) English Language 1119 subject, students are required to write an essay of more than 350 words and they must be eloquent in their writing style with flawless grammatical errors to obtain the highest score for the subject. The purpose of this study was to explore the ESL teachers’ preference towards the most suitable scoring method to assess essay writing in the classrooms. The study used qualitative approach which involved 25 grade 10 ESL teachers at 12 secondary schools in one of the states in Malaysia. The teachers in this study were trained on how to use the three types of scoring method to examine the students’ continuous essay writing based on the three types of scoring methods namely Holistic, Analytical and Primary Traits. After the training, a few teachers were selected to be interviewed to get their perspectives of the three scoring methods used for classroom-based assessment. The research involved multiple data collection methods: verbal protocol, documents in the form of students’ essays and interviews with the teachers. The findings indicated that the majority of the ESL teachers in this study preferred the holistic scoring method over the other two scoring methods due to its time saving characteristic when it involved a large scale marking and the results were needed to be completed within a short period of time. In addition, the ESL teachers in this study liked the idea of having to give overall evaluation of the essays whereby they could identify not only the overall band, but also the strengths and weaknesses of their students’ writing. The teachers discovered that the holistic scoring method helped them to improve their students’ learning as they could evaluate their students’ overall performance.
The Effects of Reciprocal Teaching on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Ashegh Navaie Leila
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the Reciprocal Teaching Procedure (RTP) on reading comprehension of intermediate Iranian EFL learners in Iran. Two intact groups were chosen non-randomly, one as the control group and the other as the experimental group. Then an IELTS reading test was administered to both groups as pretest. After analyzing the collected scores by independent t-test it was known that there was no meaningful difference between control and experimental groups before the treatment. Both groups were offered 15 sessions of reading, the experimental group received treatment, they were taught reading by applying RTP as an instructional strategy, but the control group was taught reading through the conventional method. The results showed that reciprocal teaching can improve reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
The effect of task relevance instructions on memory for text with seductive details
Authors: McCrudden Matthew T.
Published: September 2018

Seductive details in text are interesting but unimportant text segments. Although seductive details can make expository text more interesting, they do not necessarily promote learning of main ideas. This study investigated whether task relevance instructions that targeted main ideas would promote memory for main ideas when students read a text with seductive details.

Undergraduates (n = 102) read a text with seductive detail sentences and then did a free recall task. Before reading, participants received pre‐reading questions that either targeted main ideas or seductive details, or they read for understanding. The main finding was that students in the main idea relevance instruction condition recalled main ideas better than students in the control or seductive detail relevance instruction conditions. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed, and directions for future research are provided.
Tocilizumab and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Direct Comparison Among Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Xie Fenglong , Yun Huifeng , Levitan Emily B. , Muntner Paul , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Multiple studies have shown seemingly unfavorable changes in lipid profiles associated with interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) antagonists and some other therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to assess the real‐world cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with tocilizumab, the first anti–IL‐6R medication approved for the treatment of RA.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using 2006–2015 Medicare and MarketScan claims for patients with RA in whom treatment with biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs was initiated after January 1, 2010. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and fatal CVD, assessed using a validated method. The influence of potential confounding due to RA disease activity was assessed in a subgroup analysis (~5–10% of biologic therapy initiations) using the multi‐biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score.

Results

A total of 88,463 patients with RA were included. The crude incidence rate (IR) per 1,000 patient‐years for composite CVD events among Medicare patients ranged from 11.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7–14.4) for etanercept users to 17.3 (95% CI 15.2–19.7) for infliximab users. The crude IR for pooled users of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor was 15.0 (95% CI 13.9–16.3). Compared to tocilizumab, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.01 (95% CI 0.79–1.28) for abatacept, 1.16 (95% CI 0.89–1.53) for rituximab, 1.10 (95% CI 0.80–1.51) for etanercept, 1.33 (95% CI 0.99–1.80) for adalimumab, and 1.61 (95% CI 1.22–2.12) for infliximab. There were no statistically significant differences in the risk of CVD between tocilizumab and any other biologic when MarketScan data were used. Results were robust in numerous subgroup analyses and after external adjustment to control for RA disease activity in the subgroup of patients with linked MBDA test results (n = 4,156).

Conclusion

Tocilizumab was associated with a CVD risk comparable to that for etanercept as well as a number of other biologics used for the treatment of RA.
The Application of Biomaterials to Tissue Engineering Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Hunt Nicola C. , Hallam Dean , Chichagova Valeria , Steel David H. , Lako Majlinda
Published: September 2018

The prevalence of degenerative retinal disease is ever increasing as life expectancy rises globally. The human retina fails to regenerate and the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to engineer retinal tissue is of particular interest due to the limited availability of suitable allogeneic or autologous tissue. Retinal tissue and its development are well characterized, which have resulted in robust assays to assess the development of tissue‐engineered retina. Retinal tissue can be generated in vitro from hESCs and hiPSCs without biomaterial scaffolds, but despite advancements, protocols remain slow, expensive, and fail to result in mature functional tissue. Several recent studies have demonstrated the potential of biomaterial scaffolds to enhance generation of hESC/hiPSC‐derived retinal tissue, including synthetic polymers, silk, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular matrix molecules. This review outlines the advances that have been made toward tissue‐engineered neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for clinical application in recent years, including the success of clinical trials involving transplantation of cells and tissue to promote retinal repair; and the evidence from in vitro and animal studies that biomaterials can enhance development and integration of retinal tissue.
Development of Organic Semiconductor Photodetectors: From Mechanism to Applications
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge
Published: September 2018

Photodetectors that convert a light signal into an electrical signal have wide applications in light signal detection. As an emerging candidate for next‐generation light sensing, organic photodetectors compensate well for the shortages of the traditional inorganic photodetectors in terms of ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, tunable absorption characteristics, low‐cost manufacturing, and being lightweight. Currently, regular improvements in organic photodetectors are made with respect to their important figure‐of‐merit performances, which have caught up to or even surpassed the performances of inorganic Si and Ge‐based photodetectors. Importantly, the spectral response of organic photodetectors covers a wide range of wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to near‐infrared regions, with low‐band‐gap organic semiconductors as the active medium. In this paper, the working mechanism and recent advances in organic semiconductor photodetectors are comprehensively reviewed and the challenges in the field, mainly focusing on the performance of organic photodetectors, studies oriented toward applications, and the expectations of organic semiconductor photodetectors in the future, are disclosed.
Highly Efficient and Stable Self‐Powered Ultraviolet and Deep‐Blue Photodetector Based on Cs2AgBiBr6/SnO2 Heterojunction
Authors: Wu Cuncun , Du Bowen , Luo Wei , Liu Yang , Li Tieyi , Wang Duo , Guo Xuan , Ting Hungkit , Fang Zheyu , Wang Shufeng , Chen Zhijian , Chen Yanxue , Xiao Lixin
Published: September 2018

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with high responsivity and fast response are crucial for practical applications. Double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has emerged as a promising optoelectronic material due to its excellent physics and photoelectric properties. However, no work is reported based on its film for photodetector applications. Herein, an ITO/SnO2/Cs2AgBiBr6/Au hole‐transport layer free planar heterojunction device is fabricated for photodetector application. The device is self‐powered with two responsivity peaks at 350 and 435 nm, which is suitable for ultraviolet‐A (320–400 nm) and deep‐blue light detecting. A high responsivity of 0.11 A W−1 at 350 nm and a quick response time of less than 3 ms are obtained, which is significantly higher than other semiconductor oxide heterojunction‐based UV detectors. More importantly, the stability is significantly better than most of the hybrid perovskite photodetectors reported so far. Its photocurrent shows no obvious degradation after more than 6 months storage in ambient conditions without any encapsulation. Consequently, the utilization of Cs2AgBiBr6 film is a practical approach for high performance, large‐area lead‐free perovskite photodetector applications. For the mechanism, it is found that photogenerated carriers in Cs2AgBiBr6 film are separated at the Cs2AgBiBr6/SnO2 heterojunction interface by its built‐in field. The low toxicity and high stability of this double perovskite active layer make it very promising for practical applications.