bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Net Albumin Leakage in Patients in the Icu with Suspected Sepsis. A Prospective Analysis Using Mass Balance Calculations
Authors: Selden Dag , Tardif Nicolas , Wernerman Jan , Rooyackers Olav , Norberg Åke
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Albumin kinetics in septic shock have been extensively studied, but clinical recommendations remain weak. An increased transcapillary escape rate (TER) of albumin has been demonstrated, though TER does not account for lymphatic return. Mass balance calculations, considering lymphatic return, have been used to assess net albumin leakage (NAL) in major surgery but not in sepsis.
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate NAL in ten ICU patients with suspected sepsis, hypothesizing a net positive leakage. Secondary aims included investigating associations between NAL and fluid overload, glycocalyx shedding products, and cytokines, as well as identifying factors associated with NAL.
Methods
This prospective, observational study included ten patients within twelve hours of ICU admission for suspected sepsis at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge. Albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. NAL was estimated using mass balance calculations, comparing proportional changes in albumin and hemoglobin concentrations over time, adjusted for albumin and hemoglobin infusions and losses. A proportionally greater decrease or smaller increase in albumin compared to hemoglobin indicated NAL, representing the net leakage from the circulation to the interstitium minus lymphatic return.
Results
Over 24 hours, patients exhibited a net positive albumin leakage to the interstitium of 8 ± 10g (p = 0.029). NAL showed no correlation with glycocalyx shedding products or fluid overload but had a weak correlation with interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the first 4 hours. Albumin infusions appeared to increase net leakage.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated a net positive albumin leakage of 8 ± 10g over 24 hours in ICU patients with suspected sepsis, with a weak early correlation to pro-inflammatory cytokines but no significant link to fluid balance or glycocalyx shedding. Notably, albumin infusions were associated with increased net leakage.
Trial Registration
The study protocol was published before patient enrollment at www.anzctr.org.au (UTN: U1111-11-88-1309, Principal investigator: Åke Norberg, registered: October 31, 2016).
Microstructure and Creep Rupture Characteristics of MarBN Welded Joint
Authors: Guo Yang , Sun Xiaoxiang , Zhang Yusheng , Xu Jian , Yang Lin , Mao Guijun , Wang Xue
Published: October 2024

The welded joint of a new kind of martensitic heat resistant steel, namely MarBN, was made by using matching welding rods. Creep rupture tests were carried out in the condition of 650 ℃/120–220 MPa. Microstructure before and after creep rupture tests was observed and hardness tests on the welded joint were performed. Results showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ was finer than those of FGHAZ, ICHAZ and base metal after PWHT. FGHAZ and ICHAZ inherited the coarse lath morphology from base metal but with fine grains in some areas. Before creep, CGHAZ had the highest hardness, while FGHAZ and ICHAZ had the lowest. It was also worth noting that hardness of weld metal was higher than that of base metal before creep. During the process of long-term creep, weld metal experienced the most severe degradation as a result of the most serious ripening of M23C6 and it eventually fractured in the form of cavity aggregation. Therefore, weld metal was the weakest region throughout the whole welded joint during creep and the welded joint exhibited no tendency towards type IV creep cracking.
Contraceptive use, both oral and parenteral, is associated with increased arterial stiffness in young healthy women
Authors: Pettersson-Pablo Paul , Nilsson Torbjörn K , Hurtig-Wennlöf Anita
Published: October 2024

Purpose:Previous studies on the impact on arterial health of contraceptive use, or across the menstrual phases, have yielded differing results. Furthermore, there is little research on the differences based on the delivery method of the contraceptive, oral vs parenteral contraceptives. In this study, we examine arterial health using three different clinical physiological measures of arterial function and structure in contraceptive users and non-users.
Methods: Young, healthy, non-smoking, women, between 18.0-25.9 years of age were enrolled in the study (n = 577). Menstrual phase and contraceptive use and type were assessed by questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was measured using pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Arterial thickness was measured using carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT). Venous blood samples were analysed for various biomarkers, which were used in multivariate regressions to adjust for the effects of contraceptive use on the vascular measures.
Results: Contraceptive users had a significantly higher PWV than non-users. The menstrual phase did not significantly impact PWV. The type of contraceptive, oral or parenteral, did not impact PWV. AIx and cIMT did not differ between any studied groups. Systolic blood pressure, Body Mass Index, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were higher in the contraceptive using group, but in multivariable models, adjusting for age, these biomarkers had only limited impact on the positive association between contraceptive use and PWV.
Conclusion: Contraceptive users have higher PWV than non-users already in young healthy women.
Movement and Dietary Behaviours and Mental Health among University Students: The Health@NUS Study
Authors: Zheng Shenglin , Chua Xin Hui , Edney Sarah Martine , Goh Claire Marie , Tai Bee Choo , Chia Janelle , Koek Daphne , Dam Rob Martinus van , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk
Published: October 2024

Introduction University is a crucial time when students face mounting pressures on their mental health and are establishing health behaviours that may persist in later life. This study investigated the associations between movement and dietary behaviours and mental health among university students. It further explored the potential role of sex differences in these associations. Methods This cross-sectional study used data (2020–2022) from the Health@NUS prospective cohort study. Six behaviours—moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, sleep duration, and intake of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy food—were assessed and classified as either healthy or unhealthy based on established recommendations. Mental health was measured using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress scale and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the associations between the behaviours and mental health, and to evaluate effect modification by sex. Results Among 773 students (mean age 22.7 years, 56.8% female), 23.3% practiced 4–6 healthy behaviours; 14.1% and 37.7% reported high distress and poor well-being, respectively. Compared to students engaging in 0–1 healthy behaviour, those engaging in 2 or more healthy behaviours reported less distress and greater well-being. Students who practiced 4–6 behaviours reported lowest distress (females: -1.51, 95% CI -2.75, -0.27; males: -1.72, 95% CI -3.06, -0.39) and the best well-being (females: 10.66, 95% CI 6.04, 15.23; males: 9.98, 95% CI 6.04, 15.23). For individual behaviours, more sleep and less intake of unhealthy foods were associated with less distress, whereas more MVPA and sleep were associated with better well-being. Additionally, among female students, less sedentary time and unhealthy food intake were associated with better well-being. Conclusions The more healthy movement and dietary behaviours that students practiced, the better their reported mental health outcomes. The type of behaviour and sex also appear to play a role. These findings highlight the need for interventions addressing both lifestyle behaviours and mental health in students concurrently, potentially using sex-tailored strategies.
Enhanced Sensitivity in Bromochlorodifluoromethane Detection: A Comparative Study of B12N12 and B12P12 Nanocages
Authors: Abrar Ayesha , Ahmed Qazi Muhammad , Arshad Farrah , Shahzad Nasir , Ayub Khurshid , Sheikh Nadeem S. , Jadoon Tabish , Ullah Faizan
Published: October 2024

This Density Functional Theory (DFT) study, utilizing the B3LYP-D3 functional with a 6-311 + + G (d, p) basis set, explores the efficacy of B12N12 and B12P12 nanocages for detecting Bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance. Our investigations reveal that both B12P12 and B12N12 nanocages show a notable affinity for BCF. Specifically, B12P12 nanocage demonstrates a stronger interaction with BCF, evidenced by an interaction energy of − 23.89 kJ mol− 1 compared to − 19.16 kJ mol− 1 for BCF@B12N12. The interaction energy, along with charge transfer and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses, confirms the physisorption nature of the BCF adsorption on the nanocages. UV/Vis spectroscopy predicts significant bathochromic shifts upon BCF adsorption, indicating potential for optical sensing. Moreover, BCF adsorption significantly reduces the HOMO-LUMO gap by 43.9% for BCF@B12P12 and by 22.3% for BCF@B12N12, thereby enhancing conductivity. This increased conductivity can be converted to an electrical signal, that correlates with the presence of BCF in the environment, affirming the potential of these nanocages as effective BCF detectors.
Delivery of dsRNA to improve RNAi efficiency by cell-penetrating disulfide polymer for spodoptera frugiperda control
Authors: Wu Xu , Li Wenmei , Xu Qiang , Yi Xiaoping , Zhang Dahe , He Mingzhe , Ren Yuhong
Published: October 2024

The application of RNA is regarded as innovative and sustainable, and it has shown excellent control efficiency against pest control in the world. However, the efficiency of RNAi in insects could be more inefficient and unreliable, and exploring a superb delivery system is considered a crucial factor in improving RNAi. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), is a worldwide agricultural pest and has caused enormous losses to global food production. Herein, a novel and effective method of conjugating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with cell-penetrating disulfide polymer (CPD) was reported to improve the stability and RNAi efficiency of the dsRNA. Chitin synthase B gene (CHSB) and methoprene-tolerant gene (Met)gene were used as the target genes, which are essential for the development and growth of FAM. The CPD was prepared using a two-step method to deliver the dsRNA. The synthesized CPD/dsRNA reached a size from 161.9 nm to 226.2 nm and protected dsRNA from nuclease degradation. The biological application of CPD in Sf9 cells and fall armyworm(FAW)indicated the low cytotoxicity and high cell viability of CPD. Moreover, the dsRNA loaded by CPD could enter the cell within 6 h and had excellent lysosomal escape function and gene transfection efficiency. The bioassays of FAW showed the relative expression levels of CHSB and Met genes were 48.14% and 37.60% of the control at 72 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the weight and body length of the larval decreased significantly on the sixth day, and the mortality rate of CPD/dsCHSB reached 30% on the 10th day. This CPD has been shown for the first time to have excellent delivery performance in insects and is expected to become a new and effective tool for pest control, marking a significant advancement in the field of pest management.
Intellectual Capability and Its Association with Severe Dental Caries Treatment Needs in Young Israeli Adults: A Cross-Sectional Record-Based Study.
Authors: Levy Dan Henry , Yavnai Nirit , Itzhak Joe Ben , Hamzani Yafit , Zusman Shlomo Paul , Solomonov Michael
Published: October 2024

Background: Disparities in dental health resulting from social and economic inequality are a pressing public health concern. Poor and vulnerable populations bear a higher burden of caries exacerbated by limited access to quality dental care. Recent publications have suggested a possible association between intellectual capability and caries risk, as well as lower compliance with publicly funded healthcare services among populations with lower educational levels. The objective of this study was to explore potential associations between severe dental caries treatment needs (root canal treatments and extractions), socioeconomic factors and intellectual capability.
Methods: Dental records of 21,052 soldiers recruited into Israeli military service between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed, and data on the need for root canal treatments and extractions were retrieved. Sociodemographic information, including age, sex, socioeconomic strata, intellectual capability scores, body mass index, and place of birth, were extracted and analyzed.
Results: The findings from the multivariate generalized linear model indicated that lower intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata were associated with a significantly greater requirement for root canal treatments and extractions (p< 0.001). The model also identified male gender and older age as predictors for higher treatment needs. Non-native Israelis were found to be at a greater risk for needing root canal treatments compared to native Israelis. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Groups with lower intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata exhibited a greater need for dental treatments, including root canal treatments and extractions. Given their higher likelihood of requiring more invasive treatments, health policy should prioritize intervention plans aimed at improving attendance at preventive care services for these disadvantaged populations under the Israeli free dental care reform.
Microbial Risk Assessment Across Diverse Environments Based on Metagenomic Absolute Quantification with Cellular Internal Standard
Authors: Zhang Tong , Shi Xianghui , Yang Yu , Wang Chunxiao , Xu Xiaoqing , Mao Xuemei , Chen Xi , Ding Jiahui , Li Shuxian
Published: October 2024

The risk posed by microorganisms in diverse environments has emerged as a significant concern. Despite this, existing microbial risk assessment frameworks often lack comprehensiveness and systematicness. To tackle this constraint, we developed a cellular spike-in (one Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacteria) method that enables absolute quantification of microorganisms in various environmental compartments. This method was rigorously evaluated for reproducibility, accuracy, and applicability. Furthermore, we investigated biases that might arise from DNA extraction to sequencing under different cell lysis conditions for both types of bacteria, and importantly, demonstrated that this spike-in absolute quantification method could correct such biases. We then applied this method to a range of samples to determine the absolute abundance of various microorganisms, pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across eight different sample types, including influent, effluent, primary sludge, activated sludge, marine water, marine bathing beach water, marine fishery water, and river water. Based on the results, we evaluated and compared the treatment efficiencies in terms of pathogens and ARGs in five WWTPs of different operational modes. Finally, we integrated the absolute abundances of 1) total pathogens and key pathogens used for cumulative pathogenic possibility calculation in the framework of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA); 2) Risk Rank1&2 ARGs and high-risk ARGs associated with ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) + EV (E.coli and Vibrio spp.); 3) two most common fecal indicator bacteria (FIBs), namely Escherichia coli and Enterococci; and 4) plasmids and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs), into an index to facilitate comprehensive microbial risk assessment and comparison across different environments.
Unveiling the atomistic mechanism of oxide scale spalling in heat-resistant alloys
Authors: Jiang Suihe , Li Congcong , Zheng Wenjin , Zhong Haonan , Liu Xiongjun , Zhu Huihui , Wang Hui , Wu Yuan , Zhang Xiaobin , Yu Zhiyang , Lu Zhaoping
Published: October 2024

Metallic materials often undergo oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. Only by forming an intact and dense oxide scale adhering well to the matrix can metallic materials be safely utilized. Due to the large difference of thermal expansion properties, the formed oxide scale often spalls from alloy matrix, leading to premature failure of the material. Few mechanisms have been proposed for understanding this phenomenon, nevertheless, consensus has not yet been reached. In this study, we revealed that trace sulfur impurities contaminated in high-purity raw materials prominently segregates to the interface between the oxide scale and alloy matrix, forming a thin intermediate amorphous-like layer during the oxidation process of a model alloy at 900 oC. Preferential cracking between the sulfur-rich layer and the alumina scale easily occurred due to the weak chemical bonding between sulfur and alumina atoms, as confirmed by our atomistic simulation. Based on these findings, we successfully eliminated S segregation by microalloying and significantly improved the oxide scale adhesion. Our work clearly verifies the atomistic spalling mechanism of the oxide scale (i.e., the sulfur effect), which is useful for improving oxide scale adhesion and enhancing heat-resistant properties of high-temperature alloys.
Effect of Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) therapy for enhancing Final-Year High School Students Career Choices
Authors: MAHMOOD AMIR , Huang Xiao , Rehman Nadia , Zamani Noushin
Published: October 2024

The SMART program improves students' memory, reasoning, and strategic thinking skills, crucial for academic success and career planning. This study explored the effect of Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) for final-year high school students, aiming to enhance their decision-making abilities and prepare them for university. Based on the literature, nine hypotheses were developed with SMART program implementation therapy as an independent variable with four sub-variables: cognitive skills, professional development, social skills, and academic skills, and their impact on the dependent variable, such as career decision-making. Using a smart partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on 284 high school students, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) was implemented to confirm the measurement model. Path analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results of the study revealed that SMART therapy significantly enhances cognitive abilities, academic performance, personal development, and social skills, collectively contributing to better career decision-making among final-year high school students. However, the direct impact of SMART on career decision-making was not supported, indicating that additional factors, such as social and emotional influences, play a role. These findings suggest that integrating SMART therapy into high school curricula can better prepare students for future challenges and career opportunities, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). A collaborative approach among stakeholders, policy support, and innovative practices are recommended to overcome potential obstacles and ensure the successful implementation of SMART therapy in educational settings.
Investigation of Thermally Assisted End Milling of 254 SMO Super Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Passari Émerson , Souza André J. , Aita Carlos A. G. , Schirmer Guilherme V. , Barros Liu Y.
Published: October 2024

Given the challenges associated with machining super austenitic stainless steels (SASS), including their high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, high work-hardening tendency, and high ductility, thermally assisted machining (TAM) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the machinability of these materials. Thus, in this study, the machining forces, tool wear, and surface finish generated under different cutting conditions in the milling of SASS 254 SMO heated to 200 ºC were compared to the results obtained in a related study applying dry cutting and commercial nanofluid in minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL). The results showed that machining forces in TAM were, on average, 18.4% lower than in dry cutting and similar to those in NMQL milling (reduction of 19.3%), indicating that thermal softening facilitated chip deformation and reduced machining forces. The tool wear rate in TAM was lower than that in dry cutting, although it was slightly higher than that in NMQL milling (mainly at the end of the test). However, the presence of adhered material on the machined surface and the formation of defects, such as smearing and side flow, imply that the elevated temperature of the workpiece may adversely affect its surface quality.
The Silent Crisis: Rising Trends in Adolescent Suicide in Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Moreira Marcelo Rasga , Costa Nilson do Rosário
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to analyze trends in youth suicide rates and the odds of suicide comparing different age groups from 2000 to 2022 in Brazil.
Methods
We conducted a temporal trend study on suicide mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022, using data from the Mortality Information System and population projections from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated mortality rates for the following age groups: adolescents (10–19 years), young adults (20–29 years), youth (10–29 years), adults including youth (20 years and older), and adults excluding youth (30 years and older). We applied Joinpoint regression to identify changes in trends and calculated the Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR) to compare suicide mortality between youth and adults.
Results
Between 2000 and 2022, suicide mortality significantly increased among adolescents, with a higher average annual percentage change compared to young adults. The Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR) for youth was 5.05 in 2000, rising to 8.56 in 2022. For adolescents, the MOR increased from 3.27 to 8.86 over the same period, indicating that in 2022, the suicide risk was 21% higher among adolescents than young adults, highlighting a significant reversal in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Discussion
These findings underscore the urgent need for national mental health policies targeted at adolescents, particularly those in high vulnerability. The results of this study provide an evidence base for policymakers and public health officials to develop and implement interventions aimed at curbing the rising trend of youth suicide in Brazil.
Physical Activity in Socially Less-advantaged Bangladeshi Manual Workers – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hossain Nabila , Pedersen Arve Vorland , Stalsberg Ragna
Published: October 2024

Background International recommendations for the regular physical activity required to maintain mental and physical health are mainly based on leisure-time physical activity in high-socioeconomic groups and developed countries. This social and methodological bias in the literature contributes to less-advantaged groups in other parts of the world not being given justice regarding physical activity. This qualitative study aims to explore Bangladeshi manual workers’ descriptions and perceptions of physical activity practices in their everyday lives.
Methods Twelve interviews were conducted with house helpers, street vendors, garment manufacturing company workers, one rickshaw puller, and one carpenter recruited from the streets and neighbourhoods of Dhaka. The interview analyses were inductive and data-driven, adopting a reflexive thematic analysis approach.
Results Seven themes were identified from the interviews, including two exhibiting physical activity perceptions of the informants representing a less-advantaged social group. According to the results, the low incomes of workers drive them to manually ‘work around the clock’, without any day off. Strenuous work for 12–17 h per day and additional hours of manual domestic activities for the women, in addition to active transport to and from work, result in a physically active day of up to 20 h. Being tied up with occupational and transport physical activity in busy surroundings, the informants lack the time and space, as well as the energy, for recreational activities. In addition, their working conditions cause body pain and discomfort. Physical activity is perceived as good for people who are treated for hypertension or diabetes; however, it is perceived as superfluous in the lives of manual workers. In addition, the desired recreational physical activity is seen as a luxury reserved for the rich.
Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence about the physically strenuous everyday lives of less-advantaged workers in an underdeveloped country. The results can inform future researchers and policymakers about the importance of an integrated approach, taking into account all physical activity domains and the limited possibilities within a tough socioeconomic context, while simultaneously moderating the exalted eagerness of counting minutes per week in leisure-time physical activity.
Evaluating the Efficacy and Characterization of Plantago major Extract Microspheres for Novel drug Delivery
Authors: Nongsiej Banshaiborlang , Roy Probin Kr , . Lalruatsangi , . Laldinchhana , Lalhlenmawia H , Das Sonjit , Sawant Sanjay D.
Published: October 2024

Background
In the recent years, advancement in novel drug delivery system with new technologies have emerged to deliver plant bioactives and extracts. The delivery system offers enhanced efficacy, better compatibility and enhanced shelf life and stability of the product. The current study aimed to formulate microspheres containing Plantago major extract and its evaluation and characterization.
Methods
Extract loaded microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique and were characterized using sophisticated tools like FTIR, DSC, SEM etc.
Results
Phytochemical screening of PME confirmed presence of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols etc. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 126 mg GAE/g and 312.54 mg QE/g respectively. LCMS analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds including luteolin, baicalein etc. SEM revealed spherical and porous microspheres and DSC/FTIR confirmed PME-polymer compatibility. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 7.211–19.687% and drug release was negligible in an acidic environment, sustained alkaline media. F1 with low polymer, content release was 64% and F5 with highest polymer, content release was 41% over 12 hours. The release profile of the microspheres involves polymer relaxation and erosion along with drug diffusion
Conclusion
PME-loaded microspheres show potential for sustained release of contents for inflammation.
Lawsonia inermis (Henna) Extracts as a Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Surface Water, Sewage, and Abattoir Leachate: A Quantitative Antimicrobial Analysis
Authors: Olaitan Morufat Oluwatosin , Nwadike Blessing Ifeoma
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global public health threat, exacerbated by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in environmental matrices, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This study investigated the potential of Lawsonia inermis (Henna) extracts to inhibit MDR bacteria in surface water, sewage, and abattoir leachate. Using cold maceration extraction method, and methanol and aqueous as solvent, the antibacterial activity of Henna leaf and seed extracts was assessed against eight MDR isolates obtained from surface water, sewage, and abattoir leachate. The results showed exceptional antimicrobial activity, especially with seed methanol extracts demonstrating 100% inhibition against MDR bacteria, followed by the seed aqueous and leaf methanol (93.7%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values confirmed the efficacy of Henna extracts. All the extracts displayed profound activity (AI) against S. enterica AGS2 strain. Citrobacter freundii ADAI was the most susceptible isolate. Our findings suggest that Henna extracts could serve as a viable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution for reducing MDR bacteria in environmental matrices, particularly in LMICs. This study highlights the potential of plant-based products in combating AMR in environmental matrices and promoting global public health. The results have significant implications for the development of sustainable sewage, abattoir leachate and water treatment strategies and the control of AMR in LMICs through plant-based solutions.
Fermented buttermilk drinks fortified by plant raw materials
Authors: Reshetnik Ekaterina , Gribanova Svetlana , Derzhapolskaya Yulia , Li Chun , Liu Libo , Zhang Guofang , Korneva Nadezhda , Shkolnikov Pavel
Published: October 2024

The research featured fortified fermented drinks from pasteurized buttermilk with such natural additives as Jerusalem artichoke syrup and beetroot dietary fiber.
The optimal symbiotic culture included Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: it provided rapid fermentation and a creamy, homogeneous structure with delta pH time = 3.5 h. Jerusalem artichoke syrup was added in amounts of 3, 6, and 9%. Its optimal share proved to be 6% by the weight of the finished product. Beet dietary fiber was added in amounts of 2, 4, and 6%, where the optimal amount was 4%. A higher percentage affected the consistency of the finished product but not its clotting or taste. The experimental drinks were produced by the tank method and fermented at 42 ± 2°C until dense clotting and titratable acidity = 72 ± 2°T. The finished product was stored at 4 ± 2°C. The shelf-life was 12 days for the sample with Jerusalem artichoke syrup and 14 days for the drink fortified with beetroot fiber. The physical and chemical indicators showed that the energy value of the fortified fermented buttermilk drinks was on average 45.3% lower compared to conventional fermented dairy drinks.
As a result of research, it has been established that the use of plant components, namely Jerusalem artichoke syrup and beet dietary fiber in the production technology of fermented milk drink from buttermilk makes it possible to obtain a finished product with improved consumer properties.
Review of the research on the qualitative theory of differential equations at St. Petersburg University. II. Locally qualitative analysis of essentially nonlinear systems
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Begun Nikita A. , Vasil’eva Ekaterina V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Zvyagintseva Tatiana E. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Iljin Yurii A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

This article is the second one in a series of articles devoted to a review of the results of scientific research that have been carried out at the Department of Differential Equations of St.Petersburg University over the past three decades and continue to be carried out at the present time. The first article talked about studies of stable periodic points of diffeomorphisms with homoclinic points and systems of differential equations with weakly hyperbolic invariant sets. This paper presents the results of locally qualitative analysis of essentially nonlinear systems in the neighbourhood of the zero solution, obtained by employees and graduates of the department. A system is said to be essentially nonlinear if the Taylor series expansion of its right-hand sides does not contain linear terms. The study of such systems, firstly, is complicated by a more complex picture of the behavior of solutions compared to quasilinear systems. Secondly, there are not even theoretical formulas for the general solution of a nonlinear first-approximation system, the presence of which is so helpful in the quasi-linear case. All this complicates analysis and significantly limits technical capabilities. Therefore, almost any new results and any new methods of working with such systems are of great interest. One of the most effective tools for working with essentially nonlinear systems turned out to be the logarithmic Lozinsky norms. In a sense, they are an analogue of the characteristic exponents (eigenvalues) used in the theory of quasilinear systems. Research conducted at the department has demonstrated the wide possibilities of using logarithmic norms in a wide variety of problems.
On the asymptotic power of the “energy” test for equality of two distributions
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Melas Vyacheslav B. , Salnikov Dmitrii I. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

In the paper the asymptotic distribution and the formula for the asymptotic power are found for the "energy" test in the case of alternative distributions differ from zero distribution by the parameter of shift and/or the parameter of scale. This criterion is an alternative for the well-known Mann-Whitney test but allows to compare distributions that differ by the scale parameter. The efficiency of the results obtained is demonstrated by the stochastic simulation for the normal distribution and the Cauchy distribution.
On the robustness of Singular Spectrum Analysis for long signals
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nekrutkin Vladimir V.
Published: October 2024

The paper is devoted to theoretical investigation of the robustness for Singular Spectrum Analysis (briefly, SSA) if the length N of time series tends to infinity. The last condition discerns the paper from many other works on this theme. Note that here the general theoretical approach to the asymptotic extraction of the signal series from the additively perturbed signal with the help of SSA was used. Therefore, taking the series corresponding to the outliers as the noise series, we can check whether the so-called reconstruction errors tend uniformly as N to infinity. If this convergence takes place then the method is robust. Several examples of such an approach for concrete signals and outlies are considered, some of them are illustrated by computational experiments.
On the zero bounds of quaternionic polynomials with restricted coefficients
Authors:   University of Kashmir, Hussain Adil , Wani Irfan Ahmad ,   School of Chemical and Physical Science, Lovely Professional University
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this paper is to explore extensions of the classical Enestorm-Kakeya theorem and its diverse generalizations regarding the distribution of polynomial zeros, transitioning from the complex domain to the quaternionic context.
Asymptotic model of long-wave vibrations of an ultrathin strip-beam taking into account surface effects
Authors:   School of Astronautics, Mikhasev Gennadii I. , Le Nguen D. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: October 2024

The paper is concerned with the derivation of asymptotically consistent equations governing long-wave vibrations of an ultrathin elastic strip-beam taking into account surface effects within the framework of the Gurtin-Murdoch theory of the surface elasticity. Two dimensional equations of motion of an elastic isotropic medium are used as the initial ones. In the general case, the strip-beam is under the action of variable unsteady surface forces. The presence of residual shear stresses is assumed on the face surfaces. The ratio of the strip thickness to the characteristic length of bending deformation is considered as a small parameter. Within the framework of the Gurtin-Murdoch theory, two cases are considered, providing for the presence of large a) residual stresses on the faces, b) effects of surface inertia. Using the method of asymptotic integration over the transverse direction, relations for displacements and stresses in an ultra-thin strip-beam are obtained, and equivalent one dimensional the Timoshenko type equations taking into account surface effects are derived. As an example, free vibrations of a simply supported beam accounting for the surface effects are considered.
Methods for modeling the dissipative characteristics of layered composites
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ryabov Victor M. , Yartsev Boris A. ,   Krylov State Research Center
Published: October 2024

The main methods for modeling dissipative characteristics of layered composites are considered: the principle of elastic-viscoelastic correspondence and energy method. Mathematical models of damped oscillations are given for layered anisotropic plates. A numerical procedure for solving the problem of damped oscillations of a three-layer monoclinic plate containing a two-stage method for solving a complex eigenvalue problem. It is noted that the energy method for modeling energy dissipation at vibrations of layered composite structures is a special case of the method, based on the principle of elasticviscoelastic correspondence. Shown, that in addition to the classical formulation of the energy method, in which the terms energy balance equations are approximately found by their own forms and vibration frequencies of a conservative mechanical system, there is one more an approximate method for calculating the dissipative characteristics of orthotropic composite structures. The advantages of this method are the possibility of using existing commercial software systems (Ansys et al.), which numerically implement the finite element method, and shortcomings - the need to be limited to the use of classical theories of thinwalled structures (Bernoulli-Euler, Kirchhoff-Love) for descriptions of deformation of composite structures. It has been found that the use the classical formulation of the energy method allows with a high accurately predict the values of mechanical loss coefficients up to ηmax = 0.02. Further increase in damping levels construction is accompanied by a decrease in the accuracy of the forecast.
Elderly patient with syncope: the clinical case
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Korneev Aleksandr ,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias,   St. Petersburg State University,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias, Shubik Yuri ,   St. Petersburg State University,   North-West Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias
Published: October 2024

Recurrent syncope in the elderly is of particular concern to the clinician. Differential diagnosis of syncope in such patients presents significant difficulties due to high comorbidity. For patients over 70 years old, an increased number of syncopal episodes is typical; syncope becomes one of the leading reasons for their emergency hospitalization. The importance of determining the exact cause of syncope in this case cannot be overestimated: frequent falls significantly reduce the quality of life and can lead to serious injuries or even be fatal. Therefore, today it is critically important to have modern diagnostic methods that can help determine the etiology of syncope. The presented clinical case demonstrates a diagnostic search using continuous non-invasive “beat-to-beat” blood pressure measurement methods during such provocative tests as a passive orthostatic test and a carotid sinus massage. This technique is used routinely in the USA and European countries but is not enough widespread in the Russian Federation. Such a tool may simplify the differential diagnosis of syncope.
Melatonin levels and fetal growth restriction: Clinical insights and analytical approaches
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bolotskikh Vyacheslav ,   Maternity Hospital no. 9, Novitskaya Ekaterina ,   Alfa Med Medical Center, Polyakova Victoria ,   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Marin Egor ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: October 2024

Fetal growth restriction is a prevalent complication of pregnancy. Fetal growth restriction entails the pathological restriction of fetal growth, leading to heightened perinatal risks. Placental histopathology in fetal growth restriction typically involves incomplete invasion and transformation of spiral arteries, as well as impaired uteroplacental blood flow. Often, fetal growth restriction is comorbid with preeclampsia. Several theories propose the beneficial role of melatonin in reducing fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. Studies suggest that melatonin may enhance neoangiogenesis and oxygenation, crucial processes in pregnancy. Melatonin’s expression throughout pregnancy in the human placenta underscores its importance in placental function and pregnancy outcomes. This research aims to study clinical and anamnestic data in women with fetal growth restriction compared to a control group and analyze urinary melatonin levels in both groups. The study, conducted between 2018 and 2021, included 66 pregnant women (34 with fetal growth restriction, 32 controls). Enzyme immunoassay of urine revealed significantly lower melatonin levels in the fetal growth restriction group compared to controls. In conclusion, fetal growth restriction remains a significant challenge, warranting new therapeutic approaches. Lower urinary melatonin levels in fetal growth restriction patients suggest its potential role in disease pathogenesis. Further research into melatonin’s mechanisms and therapeutic applications is essential for preventing or mitigating fetal growth restriction’s clinical manifestations.
Current aspects of information hygiene
Authors:   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Glushkova Anzhela ,   Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Yeremin Gennadiy ,   North-West Public Health Research Center,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Mironenko Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

Information hygiene is a list of skills that allow a person to safely use information technology. At the same time, despite the growing popularity of digital hygiene research, the relative novelty of this research area largely prevents the formation of stable analytical traditions and methodology. The purpose of this is to consider the basics of information hygiene as a new direction at the intersection of hygiene, physiology, and psychology. The article examines the basics of information hygiene as a new direction at the intersection of hygiene, physiology and psychology, analyzes publications in international and local peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Legal regulation of euthanasia of animals without an owner: Pros and cons
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Anisimov Aleksey P. , Burkova Valentina N. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkov Igor K. ,   Don State Technical University, Ermakov Alexey M. ,   Don State Technical University, Fomina Anna S. ,   Don State Technical University, Shebeko Sergey K. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article argues for the conclusion that the actual conditions in which animals in shelters are kept often do not meet the requirements of humane treatment. Releasing animals without owners into their former habitats (outside or into the wild), in our opinion, does not meet humane considerations at all. If animals are sterilized and released into the street, then they remain neglected in search of food. Partial catching of individual representatives of stray animal populations and placing them in shelters does nothing to solve the problem, since the population size depends on the food supply, the presence of diseases of individual individuals, as well as other factors that are in no way related to government policy. The removal or sterilization of individual dogs puts a strain on the regional budget, but does not reduce the size or aggressiveness of stray dog populations. To keep stray animals in shelters, large premises, land plots, special instructors, etc. are required. All this is missing, which means we can talk about cruelty to animals placed in cages and unable to move normally. A solution to this problem may be to gradually expand the scope of euthanasia to all captured animals that could not be transferred to new owners. The use of similar practices in a number of foreign countries has already shown their effectiveness and relevance.
Genesis of the notion “cybersecurity” in the fuel and energy sector of the European Union: Legal analysis
Authors:   A. Y. Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Shestak Viktor A. , Savenkova Polina G. ,   LLC “FINMARSH”
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes cybersecurity as a legal institution, gives its detailed theoretical and legal characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal acts, and in particular the criminal law, in order to summarize the existing regulations related to the means of ensuring cybersecurity in the European Union (EU), the study of this institution, both in general and in relation to individual industries, first of all, to the fuel and energy complex. When writing this work, both doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods were used, including: comparative legal and historical-legal methods, as well as macro-comparison and micro-comparison, normative comparison. Based on the results of the study, the authors came to the following conclusions: cybersecurity, like other concepts related to information technology, cannot have a single regulatory fixation due to the nature of such phenomena; at the moment, the priority task of the state authorities of the EU and member states is to create a regulatory framework for the regulation of cybercrime and other threats to cybersecurity and develop legal means and methods to ensure it; among all areas where cybersecurity is necessary, special attention should be paid to the fuel and energy complex, since this sector is inextricably linked not only with national security and welfare, but can also affect other countries, which seems to be especially relevant within the framework of a single internal market European Union. Thus, information technologies have a significant impact on modern society, and ensuring the protection of society from traditional crimes committed using information systems or new types of crimes that are inherently associated with digital devices seems to be one of the most important tasks of each state.