bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of pulsed electric field processing time and hydrolyzed bovine collagen concentration in pasteurized milk
Authors: Wahyu Putranto Angky , Dany Priyanto Anugerah , Firmanda Al Riza Dimas , Tiara Safitri Ferina , Istiqomah Khoirunnisa Nurul , Estuwilujeng Arrahmadiana , Pambayun Candika
Published: July 2022

Milk is a highly perishable food due to its nutritional composition for microbial growth. Improper milk handling practices cause nutritional reduction and microbial contamination in milk. Collagen drinks are currently a growing commercial product. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of hydrolyzed bovine collagen concentration and pulsed electric field (PEF) time on the physical, microbiological, and organoleptic qualities of milk enriched with hydrolyzed bovine collagen, as well as to determine the best treatment. Central composite design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in this experimental design to explore optimal response based on the relationship between collagen concentration and PEF processing time. This CCD experiment was proposed to optimize TPC and viscosity and obtained a total of 13 experimental designs. The model results suggested by RSM-CCD are quadratic models. The result showed the optimization of the supplemented milk using a concentration of 2.837% hydrolyzed bovine collagen and PEF processing time of 116.369 seconds were the optimal designs with the desirability value of 0.809. Validation results using three repetitions produced an average TPC of 3.38 log CFU/mL and viscosity results of 4.56 mPas. Under these conditions, the error rate value of both responses is less than 5%, indicating that the model optimization can be accepted.
Integrated and partial process of xylitol and bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Mardawati Efri , Mandra Harahap Budi , Ayu Febrianti Emilda , Try Hartono Agus , Putri Siahaan Natasha , Wulandari Anting , Yudiastuti Silvia , Suhartini Sri , Kasbawati Kasbawati
Published: July 2022

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) are highly abundant in Indonesia and have been highlighted as a potential feedstock for bioethanol and xylitol production. However, the efficacy of the fermentation technology to convert OPEFBs to bioethanol and xylitol, either in partial (i.e. mono-production) or integrated (i.e. co-production) process, still needs further improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the partial and integrated process for xylitol and bioethanol production from OPEFBs. In the integrated process, the remaining solid residues after xylitol extraction are used as feedstock for bioethanol due to their high cellulose compounds. This solid residue is more susceptible to be degraded by cellulase enzymes into glucose and further transformed into bioethanol. In the partial process of xylitol production, xylanase enzyme was used to hydrolyze xylan into xylose, which was then converted into xylitol using Debaryomyces hansenii. While in the partial process of bioethanol production, the hydrolysis of cellulose in the OPEFB into glucose was carried out using cellulase enzymes, followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results show that the partial process produced xylitol yield (Yp/s) of 0.10 g-xylitol/g-xylose, while bioethanol at yield (Yp/s) of 0.32 g-bioethanol/g-glucose, respectively. The integrated process generates xylitol yield (Yp/s)of 0.298 g-xylitol/g-xylose, with bioethanol yield from the remaining solid at 0.051 g-bioethanol/g-OPEFB (or 0.078 g-bioethanol/g-glucose). These findings, therefore, confirmed that the integrated process of xylitol with bioethanol production might offer higher efficacy of OPEFB utilization into high value-added products.
Potential use of coal ash as growing media: Effect on the plant’s growth and future estimation for land reclamation
Authors: Suhartini Sri , Nurul Utami Reny , Kurniati Evi , Listy Simamora Laura , Abigail Utomo Putri Catherine , Supartono Baskorohadi , Melville Lynsey
Published: July 2022

Coal ash, such as fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) is mostly generated from a Coal-fired Steam Power Generation (PLTU) process. An increase in the number of PLTUs in Indonesia is proportional to the high volume of FA and BA generated, causing adverse environmental impacts if not properly treated. Various studies have highlighted the potential valorization of FA and BA, including building materials, cement ingredients, concrete, and growing media. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of FA and BA as a growing media and to explore the potential future application for reclamation of heavy-metal-contaminated (or ex-mining) land. The results showed that composting FA with blackwater sludge (BWS) and rice straw (RS) produced compost that complied with the targeted standard. The addition of FA, BA, and composted FA in the growing media impact the growth and Zn adsorption ability of the dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). However, the composted FA has superior performance in general as a growing media. The future estimation of the application FA and BA combined with domestic waste (blackwater and greywater) for reclamation of ex-mining land is proposed. By integrating the phytoremediation ability of the grass plants and the biorefinery approach, the proposed future estimation may provide a sustainable valorization pathway of FA and BA for heavy metal-contaminated or ex-mining land reclamation. Thus, transforming FA and BA as a component of growing media could reduce the potential risk of heavy metals distribution into the food chain and the surrounding environment.
Utilization of agricultural waste biomass for co-firing fuel for coal-fired power plant with consideration of the potential of slagging, fouling, and abrasion in pulverized coal (PC) boilers
Authors: Hariana Hariana , Prida Putra Hanafi , Lutfi Musthofa , Prismantoko Adi
Published: July 2022

The world is moving towards clean energy, especially since the Paris Agreement in 2016. Indonesia is no exception, which must reach 23% of its total energy mix usage from renewable energy sources by 2025, as stated in President Regulation No. 22/2017. Biomass as a renewable energy source can be used as a co-firing fuel for power plants based on its calorific value. This study discusses some of the most important characteristics needed in co-firing fuels, including slagging, fouling, and abrasion, using palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), rice husk (RH), and EFB-RH blended with the composition of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% on low-rank coal (LRC) and bituminous coal (BTC). The results showed that the addition of biomass on BTC has no significant effect on the slagging and fouling potential. Conversely, the addition of biomass to LRC significantly reduced the potential of slagging and fouling with the composition of up to 35% biomass which has EFB up to 20%. For blends with 75% of LRC and 25% of biomass blends, only biomass blends with 100% RH can be considered from the aspect of slagging and fouling risk. From potential abrasion characteristics, the addition of biomass on two types of coals did not show any problem for all compositions studied.
Optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) on total phenolics, antioxidant activity and loaf volume of bread
Authors: Nur An Shilbi Az Zahra , Sofia Murtini Erni
Published: July 2022

As human awareness increases with healthy consumption patterns, food products can be developed into functional foods, one of which is white bread with the addition of ginger and cinnamon. Ginger and cinnamon have phenolic compounds that act as an antioxidant, but the addition in white bread affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the dough and the loaf volume of white bread. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of ginger and cinnamon to produce white bread with the highest total phenol, antioxidant activity, and loaf volume. The research was established with the Response Surface Methodology method using Central Composite Design withtwo factors: concentration of ginger and cinnamon. Minimum and maximum concentrations used for ginger and cinnamon were 1-3% (flour-based) and 2-4% (flour-based), respectively. The optimum result obtained from the program was ginger and cinnamon, at concentration approximately 2.68% and 4% (flour-based), with total phenolic content of 47.90 mgGAE/100g, antioxidant activity of 32.30%, and loaf volume of 154.29%. Optimum white bread had lower loaf volume than controlled white bread.
Exploring teachers’ perspectives on using gamification in teaching science in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Curriculum and Instruction Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Alqarni Ali , Alabdan Monira ,   Curriculum and Instruction Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2022

This study explores utilizing gamification in teaching science at the school level in Saudi Arabia. Towards this end, a mixed-method approach, viz. parallel convergent, was adopted to collect data from a sample of teachers (n=200) via a questionnaire and an interview. The questionnaire encompassed two parts. The first part elicits information about the teachers. The second comprised 36 items making the three areas of the investigation- importance, use, and obstacles. Besides the questionnaire, six teachers were interviewed for an in-depth understanding of the findings surfaced from the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics yielded actual results, at the top of which the teachers’ favorable view of gamification in science lessons. They use gamification to a moderate degree in their teaching due to some obstacles, ranging from medium to high. The obstacles, administrative-based and teacher-related, led to reduced gamification uses. The statistical analysis of the data probed through a questionnaire identifies the variation in the informants’ responses according to their specializations, qualifications, and teaching experiences. Data elicited from the interviews reinforced such statistical findings that concluded showing no statistically significant differences between their responses at the level of significance (α≤0.05).
Flexible control of grid-connected renewable energy systems inverters under unbalanced grid faults
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, et al. Alhamazani
Published: July 2022

The sustainable energy opportunity of the future lies in the renewable energy-based distributed Power Generation systems (DPGSs). However, there are different concerns and integration issues that surround them. To increase the rate at which renewable energy can be used, this paper focuses on an integrated utility grid system. A novel strategy to control the grid side inverter is developed for a DPGS when considering an unbalanced grid. First, an analysis of the consequences of the occurrence of a fault on the grid is performed. Secondly, a control strategy is proposed to ensure the operation of the DPGS connected to the grid even if the latter is unbalanced. The proposed approach consists in developing control loops for each of the three symmetrical sequences in a specific reference frame to ensure the operation of the grid-connected DPGS even during asymmetrical grid voltage fault. The found results are promising in terms of the guarantee of service continuity during faulty conditions.
Patients Managing Their Medical Data in Personal Electronic Health Records: Scoping Review
Authors: Damen Debby J , Schoonman Guus G , Maat Barbara , Habibović Mirela , Krahmer Emiel , Pauws Steffen
Published: July 2022

Background

Personal electronic health records (PEHRs) allow patients to view, generate, and manage their personal and medical data that are relevant across illness episodes, such as their medications, allergies, immunizations, and their medical, social, and family health history. Thus, patients can actively participate in the management of their health care by ensuring that their health care providers have an updated and accurate overview of the patients’ medical records. However, the uptake of PEHRs remains low, especially in terms of patients entering and managing their personal and medical data in their PEHR.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators that patients face when deciding to review, enter, update, or modify their personal and medical data in their PEHR. This review also explores the extent to which patient-generated and -managed data affect the quality and safety of care, patient engagement, patient satisfaction, and patients’ health and health care services.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar web-based databases, as well as reference lists of all primary and review articles using a predefined search query.

Results

Of the 182 eligible papers, 37 (20%) provided sufficient information about patients’ data management activities. The results showed that patients tend to use their PEHRs passively rather than actively. Patients refrain from generating and managing their medical data in a PEHR, especially when these data are complex and sensitive. The reasons for patients’ passive data management behavior were related to their concerns about the validity, applicability, and confidentiality of patient-generated data. Our synthesis also showed that patient-generated and -managed health data ensures that the medical record is complete and up to date and is positively associated with patient engagement and patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest recommendations for implementing design features within the PEHR and the construal of a dedicated policy to inform both clinical staff and patients about the added value of patient-generated data. Moreover, clinicians should be involved as important ambassadors in informing, reminding, and encouraging patients to manage the data in their PEHR.
Digital Interventions to Enhance Readiness for Psychological Therapy: Scoping Review
Authors: Jardine Jacinta , Bowman Robert , Doherty Gavin
Published: July 2022

Background

Psychological therapy is an effective treatment method for mental illness; however, many people with mental illness do not seek treatment or drop out of treatment early. Increasing client uptake and engagement in therapy is key to addressing the escalating global problem of mental illness. Attitudinal barriers, such as a lack of motivation, are a leading cause of low engagement in therapy. Digital interventions to increase motivation and readiness for change hold promise as accessible and scalable solutions; however, little is known about the range of interventions being used and their feasibility as a means to increase engagement with therapy.

Objective

This review aimed to define the emerging field of digital interventions to enhance readiness for psychological therapy and detect gaps in the literature.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Embase, ACM Guide to Computing Literature, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library from January 1, 2006, to November 30, 2021. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) methodology was applied. Publications were included when they concerned a digitally delivered intervention, a specific target of which was enhancing engagement with further psychological treatment, and when this intervention occurred before the target psychological treatment.

Results

A total of 45 publications met the inclusion criteria. The conditions included depression, unspecified general mental health, comorbid anxiety and depression, smoking, eating disorders, suicide, social anxiety, substance use, gambling, and psychosis. Almost half of the interventions (22/48, 46%) were web-based programs; the other formats included screening tools, videos, apps, and websites. The components of the interventions included psychoeducation, symptom assessment and feedback, information on treatment options and referrals, client testimonials, expectation management, and pro-con lists. Regarding feasibility, of the 16 controlled studies, 7 (44%) measuring actual behavior or action showed evidence of intervention effectiveness compared with controls, 7 (44%) found no differences, and 2 (12%) indicated worse behavioral outcomes. In general, the outcomes were mixed and inconclusive owing to variations in trial designs, control types, and outcome measures.

Conclusions

Digital interventions to enhance readiness for psychological therapy are broad and varied. Although these easily accessible digital approaches show potential as a means of preparing people for therapy, they are not without risks. The complex nature of stigma, motivation, and individual emotional responses toward engaging in treatment for mental health difficulties suggests that a careful approach is needed when developing and evaluating digital readiness interventions. Further qualitative, naturalistic, and longitudinal research is needed to deepen our knowledge in this area.
Testing the Effectiveness of an Animated Decision Aid to Improve Recruitment of Control Participants in a Case-Control Study: Web-Based Experiment
Authors: Stoffel Sandro T , Law Jing Hui , Kerrison Robert , Brewer Hannah R , Flanagan James M , Hirst Yasemin
Published: July 2022

Background

Participation in case-control studies is crucial in epidemiological research. The self-sampling bias, low response rate, and poor recruitment of population representative controls are often reported as limitations of case-control studies with limited strategies to improve participation. With greater use of web-based methods in health research, there is a further need to understand the effectiveness of different tools to enhance informed decision-making and willingness to take part in research.

Objective

This study tests whether the inclusion of an animated decision aid in the recruitment page of a study website can increase participants’ intentions to volunteer as controls.

Methods

A total of 1425 women were included in a web-based experiment and randomized to one of two experimental conditions: one in which they were exposed to a simulated website that included the animation (animation; n=693, 48.6%), and one in which they were exposed to the simulated website without the animation (control; n=732, 51.4%). The simulated website was adapted from a real website for a case-control study, which invites people to consider taking part in a study that investigates differences in purchasing behaviors between women with and without ovarian cancer and share their loyalty card data collected through 2 high street retailers with the researchers. After exposure to the experimental manipulation, participants were asked to state (1) their intention to take part in the case-control study, (2) whether they would be willing to share their loyalty card for research, and (3) their willingness to be redirected to the real website after completing the survey. Data were assessed using ordinal and binary logistic regression, reported in percentages (%), adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Including the animation in the simulated website did not increase intentions to participate in the study (AOR 1.09; 95% CI 0.88-1.35) or willingness to visit the real study website after the survey (control 50.5% vs animation 52.6%, AOR 1.08; 95% CI 0.85-1.37). The animation, however, increased the participants’ intentions to share the data from their loyalty cards for research in general (control 17.9% vs animation 26%; AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23-2.18).

Conclusions

While the results of this study indicate that the animated decision aid did not lead to greater intention to take part in our web-based case-control study, they show that they can be effective in increasing people’s willingness to share sensitive data for health research.
Development and Evaluation of a Natural Language Processing Annotation Tool to Facilitate Phenotyping of Cognitive Status in Electronic Health Records: Diagnostic Study
Authors: Noori Ayush , Magdamo Colin , Liu Xiao , Tyagi Tanish , Li Zhaozhi , Kondepudi Akhil , Alabsi Haitham , Rudmann Emily , Wilcox Douglas , Brenner Laura , Robbins Gregory K , Moura Lidia , Zafar Sahar , Benson Nicole M , Hsu John , R Dickson John , Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Hyman Bradley T , Blacker Deborah , Westover M Brandon , Mukerji Shibani S , Das Sudeshna
Published: July 2022

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) with large sample sizes and rich information offer great potential for dementia research, but current methods of phenotyping cognitive status are not scalable.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether natural language processing (NLP)–powered semiautomated annotation can improve the speed and interrater reliability of chart reviews for phenotyping cognitive status.

Methods

In this diagnostic study, we developed and evaluated a semiautomated NLP-powered annotation tool (NAT) to facilitate phenotyping of cognitive status. Clinical experts adjudicated the cognitive status of 627 patients at Mass General Brigham (MGB) health care, using NAT or traditional chart reviews. Patient charts contained EHR data from two data sets: (1) records from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, for 100 Medicare beneficiaries from the MGB Accountable Care Organization and (2) records from 2 years prior to COVID-19 diagnosis to the date of COVID-19 diagnosis for 527 MGB patients. All EHR data from the relevant period were extracted; diagnosis codes, medications, and laboratory test values were processed and summarized; clinical notes were processed through an NLP pipeline; and a web tool was developed to present an integrated view of all data. Cognitive status was rated as cognitively normal, cognitively impaired, or undetermined. Assessment time and interrater agreement of NAT compared to manual chart reviews for cognitive status phenotyping was evaluated.

Results

NAT adjudication provided higher interrater agreement (Cohen κ=0.89 vs κ=0.80) and significant speed up (time difference mean 1.4, SD 1.3 minutes; P<.001; ratio median 2.2, min-max 0.4-20) over manual chart reviews. There was moderate agreement with manual chart reviews (Cohen κ=0.67). In the cases that exhibited disagreement with manual chart reviews, NAT adjudication was able to produce assessments that had broader clinical consensus due to its integrated view of highlighted relevant information and semiautomated NLP features.

Conclusions

NAT adjudication improves the speed and interrater reliability for phenotyping cognitive status compared to manual chart reviews. This study underscores the potential of an NLP-based clinically adjudicated method to build large-scale dementia research cohorts from EHRs.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI TEBU DI DESA PAMOTAN KECAMATAN DAMPIT KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Setiawan Rizal Anam , Hidayat Wahyu , Kusuma Hendra
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTRevenue is the amount of income received by a resident on his performance during a given period, whether daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly. This study aimed to find out the factors that affect the income of cane farmers. The methods used are validity, reliability test, multiple linear regression tests, test classic assumptions test and hypothesis testing. The sampling technique using random sampling method formula. The samples use in this research is 75 respondents. The dependent variable in this research is the revenue of the cane farmer’s in Dampit and the independent variables include the labor, production cost, land area, and level education. The result of this research is that the labor, production cost and land area have significant and positive effect to income of public transportations drivers with a significant level 0,05 (5%). While variables include level of education have no significant.Keywords: income of cane farmers, labour, production cost, land area, andlevel of education
THE EFFECTIVE VISCOSITY OF TRIBOLOGICAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL ULTRAN 630CF
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, SHITOV ALEKSANDR , KAZBEROV ROMAN , GONCHAROVA YULIYA
Published: July 2022

The main methods of forming polymer composite materials based on thermoplastic matrices are injection molding and extrusion. All of them realize the process of viscous flow, in which an internal friction force occurs, characterized by the melt viscosity. This parameter determines the method of processing the material into a product. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the value of the effective viscosity of a composite tribotechnical material ULTRAN 630CF based on polyamide, depending on the temperature and the applied force. (Materials and methods) The samples were granules of ULTRAN 630CF. The rheological properties of ULTRAN 630CF were measured using an extrusion plastometer PTR-LAB-02. The experiment consisted in evaluating the effective viscosity of the material with varying temperatures and operating loads. The heating temperatures of the samples were 250, 270 and 290 degrees Celsius. During the measurements, the melt shear rate varied by installing loads of various weights: 3.8; 5; 7 kilograms. (Results and discussion) Based on the data obtained experimentally, the article presents the calculated viscosity value and a graphical interpretation. With increasing temperatures and loads, the viscosity of the material drops to 6.1 times. The influence of the load value is noticeable only at a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius, which is associated with a viscosity anomaly. At temperatures of 270 and 290 degrees Celsius, the shear stresses are small, the material flows with a constant viscosity. (Conclusions) The viscosity of ULTRAN 630CF decreases linearly with increasing temperatures and loads, which indicates its high stability and a wide range of processing methods: extrusion, injection molding, pressing, 3D printing.
CALCULATING THE ACCURACY OF THE SPINDLE ASSEMBLY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE ELECTRIC COATINGS
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, ZHACHKIN S. , PEN'KOV NIKITA , ZAVRAZHNOV ANATOLIY ,   Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force "Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin", SIDORKIN OLEG , SVIRIDOV SERGEY ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University
Published: July 2022

In modern repair production, materials are used that change the structure of the surface layer during their machining. This leads to a significant decrease in the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and the spread of residual stresses of the sub-strate into the coating. As a result, the coating cracks much often, which imposes sig-nificant restrictions on the use of galvanic deposition technology in the restoration of parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to select a variant of numerical cal-culation of the parameters of the spindle assembly of the tool head for the application of dispersed-hardened galvanic composite coatings based on chromium, which allows obtaining coatings with a given roughness. (Materials and methods) Based on the re-sults of calculations, there were manufactured a special installation for applying dis-persed-hardened galvanic composite coatings. It is possible to change the deposition parameters of the composite coating in wide ranges at the installation. (Results and discussion) The article proposes the calculation algorithm using numerical methods, parameters of oscillation of the rotating spindle of the tool head for various design variants of spindle assemblies, implemented using an electronic computer. The calcu-lation of the spindle node is significantly facilitated when using the method of initial parameters in matrix form. The method allows you to link the parameters of the spin-dle node in the initial section (at the front end of the spindle) with similar parameters in any other section. (Conclusions) The experiment showed that the calculations were correct: the proposed method of applying dispersed-hardened coatings allows pro-cessing parts of 7-8 accuracy quality with dimensional dispersed-hardened galvanic composite coatings without mechanical treatment with a coating surface roughness based on a chrome matrix equal to 0.02-0.04 micrometers with coating thicknesses from 20 to 300 micrometers.
NEW PLANNING SOLUTIONS FOR PRODUCTION SITES OF VEHICLE ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Polotsk State University, IVANOV VLADIMIR , VIGERINA TAT'YANA , VEREMEY GENNADIY
Published: July 2022

The article proposes the new planning solutions for the production sites and the layout of the production building of vehicle enterprises, including with in-line labor organization. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing and justifying the best planning solutions for the main production sites of vehicle enterprises. (Materials and methods) The basis for optimizing the planning solutions of production sites is the graph-analytical methods of research and calculation. (Results and discussion) In the areas of daily maintenance and maintenance No. 1, joined with workstations for diagnosing systems and aggregates, it is advisable to move cars between positions using a plate conveyor. The article justifies the choice of the number of different jobs. The organization of washing and cleaning works with regeneration of the cleaning solution, providing effective environmental protection has been proposed. Using the previously described method of selecting the composite center of production sites, the optimal layout of the production building with the location relative to the specified center of the associated production sites and warehouses was selected. The compositional center of the vehicle enterprise is a site of routine maintenance, equipped with dead-end or travel ditches and equipment in accordance with the nature of the work performed. Maintenance work No. 2 is performed at dead-end workplaces due to a small production program. The article presents the layouts of the main production sites. (Conclusions) The proposed technical solutions increase the technical level of vehicle enterprises, minimize the transport work on moving serviced and repaired products inside the production building and its production area.
CREATION OF THE FIRST DIESEL ENGINES FOR TRACTORS IN THE USSR
Authors:   Vavilov Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences NAMI Research automobile and motor Institute, KARASEV ANDREY
Published: July 2022

It was decided to use the achievements in diesel engineering to create the first domestic diesel engines for mass-produced tractors. The preservation of technological dimensions in the production of diesel made it possible to use the main equipment of domestic factories that had machines with rigid spindles. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to establish the key points that influenced the creation of the first tractor diesel engines by the Scientific Automotive Institute, the choice of the type and characteristics of these engines, to identify the factors that influenced the embodiment of these structures in metal. (Materials and methods) The article presents the sources stored in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Economics, printed sources of periodicals, works of the Tractor Research Institute, materials from the funds of the Research Museum of the Scientific Automotive Institute. (Results and discussion) The Scientific Automotive Institute carried out work on the design of diesel engines together with the Kharkov and Stalingrad tractor plants. The design of the diesel engine had to match the equipment of the factories. When choosing materials for the designed diesel engine, the specification of materials adopted at the plant was used to the maximum. (Conclusions) Tests of prototypes of diesel engines of the Scientific Automotive Institute showed that the main problem when creating a diesel engine were materials, their heat treatment and manufacturing quality. Built using existing technologies, the diesel could not operate without significant wear and failures. Diesel parts required great precision in processing. Careful selection of steels, special heat treatment of sleeves, piston rings, etc. were necessary. The engine oil commonly used on tractors and automobiles was also not suitable for diesel engines with their high stresses in rubbing parts. Diesels required exceptionally clean fuel, which had to be cleaned during production.
TECHNOLOGIES AND FEATURES OF DISPOSAL OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, KATAYEV YURIY , GERASIMOV VALERIY , BAULIN NIKOLAY
Published: July 2022

Lithium-ion batteries are the main type of battery used to power electrified energy-saturated vehicles. The mass of lithium-ion batteries is 15-30 percent of the total mass of the machine. They include a significant amount of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as other valuable materials, which, at the end of its operation, is advisable to restore and reuse. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to show the relevance and prospects of utilization of lithium-ion batteries of energy-saturated equipment with an electric drive. (Materials and methods) With the increase in the total number of energy-saturated vehicles in the national economy, in particular, in the agro-industrial complex, the question of their negative impact on the environment at the end of the life cycle is increasingly being raised. There is the need to dispose of environmentally hazardous materials that are used in the production of parts of energy-saturated vehicles, for example, lithium-ion batteries, the number of which is constantly growing from year to year. (Results and discussion) The disposal of lithium-ion batteries is a new serious and urgent problem that needs to be solved in the shortest possible time in all sectors of the national economy, including the agro-industrial complex. The methods of utilization of these elements of energy-saturated self-propelled equipment presented in the article partially solve this problem. (Conclusions) The considered methods of disposal of lithium-ion batteries reflect the real possibilities of their implementation at specialized enterprises for the disposal of equipment and its elements and in organized workshops (sites) created at enterprises for the technical support of machines.
STUDYING OF THE USE OF A WHEELED TRACTOR AND THE UPGRADED DISC HARROW
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, SLEPENKOV ALEKSANDR , LEONOV VLADIMIR , MITROKHINA OLESYA , KIDYAYEVA NATAL'YA , SHCHITOV SERGEY , KUZNETSOV EVGENIY
Published: July 2022

Timely preparation of the soil for the future harvest is one of the main tasks facing agricultural producers in the Amur region. There are a number of reasons related to the features of the natural production conditions of the region: late harvesting of branded legumes (soybeans) and abundant precipitation during the spring and autumn field and harvesting operations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of using machine-tractor units during harrowing by improving the design and technological parameters of disc harrows. (Materials and methods) The article presents the device that allows adjusting the coupling weight in the scheme of a machine-tractor unit, for which RF patent No. 196181 was applied. The article also presents photos of the general types of connection of the device with the disk harrow frame, the processing depth was measured. (Results and discussion) All fields suitable for agricultural activity in the region have been developed and used by large agricultural producers, the remaining land reserves consist of slope and small-contour fields, small in size, operated by peasant farms. In small farms, the machine-tractor fleet consists of several units of tractors and a small set of agricultural machines for completing machine-tractor units. (Conclusions) The issue of increasing the efficiency of using machine-tractor units for peasant farms in the Amur region is relevant and requires a modern solution. The article presents the results of research on improving the efficiency of using a tractor unit consisting of a class 1.4 tractor and a BDT-3 disc harrow by increasing traction properties and improving the quality of soil preparation.
TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF THE DRIVE LEVER OF THE MODULAR ROTARY PLANT FOR A CITY FARM
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, SKOROKHODOV DMITRIY , SKOROKHODOVA ANASTASIYA , BOBROV MAKSIM , PUSTOBAYEV LEONID , SVIRIDOV ALEKSEY ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Centre VIM
Published: July 2022

The design of automated block-modular devices for growing fresh vitamin products in urban agriculture is becoming urgent. Topological optimization of components and parts of these devices will significantly reduce the cost of products, reduce the material and weight and preserve their strength and rigidity. The article gives an example of topological optimization of the drive lever of a modular rotary installation for city farms. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to optimize topologically the drive lever of a modular rotary installation for city farms, to reduce material consumption and to reduce the weight of the part. (Materials and methods) The SolidWorks program was used as a computer-aided design system, which allows for topological optimization of parts. The methods of manufacturing topologically optimized parts are: additive technologies (3D printing), casting technologies, manufacturing of composite materials under pressure, cutting processing. (Results and discussion) The article presents the stages of topological optimization of the drive lever, including the preparation of computer-aided design of the lever geometry, static analysis of the initial model, creation of a parametric grid, processing of a topologically optimized model of the drive lever, the results of primary static analysis, the output of data plots of static displacement, the output of data plots for the safety margin of the material. (Conclusions) According to the results of the study, the mass of the topologically optimized drive lever decreased by 42 percent, as a result, the safety margin of the part decreases, which entails an increase in the operating stress up to 183 megapascals, but taking into account the strength of steel 45, the stresses remain within acceptable values (530 megapascals).
THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ENSURING THE REPAIRABILITY OF ENERGY-SATURATED EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, KATAYEV YURIY , KOSTOMAKHIN MIKHAIL , PETRISHCHEV NIKOLAY , KAZAKOVA VERA
Published: July 2022

The high dynamics of the production of new agricultural machinery in recent years is the result of the phased implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Machinery until 2030. Currently, it is necessary to work out an integrated approach to ensuring the effective use of manufactured equipment for its entire service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the existing experience of “Sel’khoztekhnika” to ensure the maintainability of energysaturated equipment and to identify opportunities for further improvement of the dealer service of equipment manufacturers belonging to the association "Ros-Spetsmash". (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of previously manufactured products for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in the workshops of enterprises including " Sel’khoztekhnika ". At the present stage, for the further effective use of new equipment, it is necessary to conduct a survey of dealers about the availability and condition of existing service equipment, diag-nostic devices, stands for runningin and testing of components and assemblies. (Results and discussion) The article presents a version of the questionnaire to assess the equipment level of service enterprises, as well as proposals for the unification of control, diagnostic and service equipment. The lack of coordination in the maintenance and repair work gives certain negative risks in ensuring maintainability, especially of energysaturated equipment. (Conclusions) It is necessary to conduct a survey of the dealer service of agricultural machinery enterprises that are members of the Rosspetsmash Association for the availability and need of equipment for maintenance, including resource diagnostics and repairs. Based on the data obtained, determine the state of the engineering infrastructure and make recom-mendations to improve the efficiency of using new domestic energysaturated equipment through an integrated approach to ensuring high maintainability for the entire service life.
OPERATIONAL AND PRODUCTION RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON THE ADAPTATION OF ENERGY FACILITIES TO LOW-TEMPERATURE USE
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, KUCHER ALEKSANDR , ZAMYATIN ALEKSANDR , KOVALEVSKIY VYACHESLAV , KRIVUTSA ZOYA , SHCHITOV SERGEY , KUZNETSOV EVGENIY
Published: July 2022

The natural conditions of the Amur region are characterized by the low temperatures up to minus 35-40 degrees Celsius in winter. Production experience shows that currently produced KamAZ family cars are not fully adapted for operation in such conditions, therefore they cannot realize all their potential operational capabilities. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to increase the efficiency of using KamAZ-55111 family cars by installing additional devices that help maintain an optimal temperature mode in operation, allowing the units to adapt to winter operating conditions. (Materials and methods) One of the effective methods is adaptation to natural and industrial operating conditions, in particular, hydraulic and fuel systems as the main ones responsible for the operability, as well as improving the start-up qualities of the engine through the use of electric heating devices and recovery modules using the heat of the exhaust gases. The article presents the serial KamAZ-55111 and KamAZ-55111, adapted to low-temperature conditions, with a thermoelectric heating module installed, a heat storage device of the battery and a belt heater of the coarse fuel filter. (Results and discussion) The results of research on improving the efficiency of the use of KAMAZ family cars in their adaptation to operation in low temperatures were presented. (Conclusions) The issue under consideration is especially relevant in the agricultural production of regions with a long cold period, since the operation of cars in rural areas differs significantly from operation at transport enterprises and in urban conditions.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOADING-DISTRIBUTING MODULE ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WHEELED TRANSPORT UNIT
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, MARKOV SERGEY , GONCHARUK ALEKSEY , PETROCHENKO VITALIY , SHCHITOV SERGEY , KUZNETSOV EVGENY , EVDOKIMOV VYACHESLAV ,   Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School of the Order of Zhukov named after Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky
Published: July 2022

The Amur Region is the main agricultural region of the Far Eastern Federal District. In terms of the volume of grown products (soybeans), the Amur Region accounts for over 40 percent of the total gross harvest of the Russian Federation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the effect of the loading-distributing module on the technological characteristics of a wheeled transport unit. (Materials and methods) The main task when harvesting crops in conditions of the weak bearing capacity of soil is to timely transport the resulting crop out of the fields. The weak bearing capacity of the soil is because of that during the harvesting period (August-October) there is greatest amount of precipitation falls. One of the ways to solve this problem is to increase the traction properties of the energy vehicle due to the rational distribution of the coupling weight with an increase in the support area of its propellers. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of improving the traction properties of a road train as part of a KamAZ-4350 car and a 2PN-4M trailer due to the use of a loading module for a truck and the installation of arched tires. These make it possible to expand the technological characteristics of the unit in cross-country ability and reduce the anthropogenic impact of its running system on the fertile soil layer in motion. The proposed method makes it possible to increase the increasing of power and traction characteristics of the propulsion by 12-14 percent compared to the serial KAMAZ-4350 on arched tires. (Conclusions) An increase in the efficiency of transport and technological support of the harvesting process is possible by increasing the traction properties of the car due to the redistribution of the coupling weight in the system of the transport unit, directly between the trailer and the car.
NANOSTRUCTURING WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR THE WORKING PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES BY VIBRATION PLASMA TREATMENT
Authors:   Federal University, SHARIFULLIN SAID
Published: July 2022

The use of technologies for hardening the surfaces of machine parts and mechanisms using concentrated energy flows increases the competitiveness of products. The simplest and most accessible of them are plasma technologies for hardening worn surfaces using electric spark and vibration arc discharges. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibilities of vibrating plasma technologies for hardening the surfaces of metal products for use in the real sector of the economy, the physical and mechanical properties and structural changes of the surface layer of these products. (Materials and methods) Two batches of samples from 65G steel, widely used for working bodies of agricultural machinery, were processed. One batch consisted of three samples: first sample is initial, second sample with electric spark treatment, third sample was subjected to vibration arc treatment with additional hardening by an electric spark. The morphology of the surface and the elemental composition of the samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope EVO 50 XVP from Zeiss. The microstructure was determined using an inverted metallographic microscope Olympus GX51 with magnification from 50 to 1000x. (Results and discussion). Vibrating plasma methods allow nanostructuring of the surface layer of metal products with the introduction of a whole list of alloying elements of carbide materials into the structure of the surface layer of the product, carburization of this layer and the creation of a hardened layer consisting of oxides, carbides, borides and nitrides. In the process of vibrating plasma treatment, a hardened zone of the surface layer with mixed elements of the base and filler material and a zone of thermal influence are formed in the surface layer of the sample. (Conclusions) The surface layer formed during vibrating plasma treatment is a new nanostructured composite structure. The upper thin layer consists of the anode material modified by elements of the cathode material and the interelectrode medium. Under the upper layer there is a modified hardened layer consisting of a mixture of anode and cathode materials.