bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between postoperative nodal skip metastasis of mid-thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and patient prognosis and its value in guiding postoperative adjuvant treatment
Authors: Gao Hong-Mei , Zhao Xiao-Han , Shen Wen-Bin , Li You-Mei , Li Shu-Guang , Zhu Shu-Chai
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the predictive role of nodal skip metastasis (NSM) in the prognosis of lymph node-positive mid-thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and to evaluate the significance of postoperative adjuvant treatment in patients with different sites of metastatic nodes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 321 lymph node-positive mid-thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Based on the site and condition of lymph node metastasis by postoperative pathology, the patients were divided into two groups: NSM group and non-NSM (NNSM) group. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to match the two groups. The prognostic factors of patients before and after PSM as well as the effect of different adjuvant treatment modes on the prognosis of patients before and after PSM were analyzed. SPSS 29.0 statistical software was used for analysis.

Results

PSM in a 1 : 1 matching ratio was performed, 103 patients were assigned to NSM group and NNSM group respectively. Significant differences were found in the 3- and 5-year OS and DFS between the two groups before PSM, the 3- and 5-year OS also showed a significant difference after PSM (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis illustrated that gender, postoperative adjuvant treatment mode, N stage and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for OS and DFS after PSM (P < 0.05); for NSM patients, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy significantly prolonged OS and DFS before and after PSM (P < 0.05). But no significant difference was found in OS and DFS for NNSM patients after PSM (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Postoperative NSM is a good prognostic factor for patients with mid-thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was recommended for those group, thereby gaining survival benefits.
Simpson's paradox and the impact of donor-recipient race-matching on outcomes post living or deceased donor kidney transplantation in the United States
Authors: Lv Kaikai , Wu Yangyang , Lai Wenhui , Hao Xiaowei , Xia Xinze , Huang Shuai , Luo Zhenjun , Lv Chao , Qing Yuan , Song Tao
Published: January 2023

Background

Race is a prognostic indicator in kidney transplant (KT). However, the effect of donor-recipient race-matching on survival after KT remains unclear.

Methods

Using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, a retrospective study was conducted on 244,037 adults who received first-time, kidney-alone transplantation between 2000 and 2019. All patients were categorized into two groups according to donor-recipient race-matching, and the living and deceased donor KT (LDKT and DDKT) were analyzed in subgroups.

Results

Of the 244,037 patients, 149,600 (61%) were race-matched, including 107,351 (87%) Caucasian, 20,741 (31%) African Americans, 17,927 (47%) Hispanics, and 3,581 (25%) Asians. Compared with race-unmatching, race-matching showed a reduced risk of overall mortality and graft loss (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.87; and unadjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78–0.80, respectively). After propensity score-matching, donor-recipient race-matching was associated with a decreased risk of overall graft loss (P < 0.001) but not mortality. In subgroup analysis, race-matching was associated with higher crude mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.20 in LDKT and HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.09–1.14 in DDKT). However, race-matching was associated with a decreased risk of graft loss in DDKT (unadjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99), but not in LDKT. After propensity score-matching, race-matching had better outcomes for LDKT (patient survival, P = 0.047; graft survival, P < 0.001; and death-censored graft survival, P < 0.001) and DDKT (death-censored graft survival, P = 0.018). Nonetheless, race-matching was associated with an increased adjusted mortality rate in the DDKT group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Race-matching provided modest survival advantages after KT but was not enough to influence organ offers. Cofounding factors at baseline led to a contorted crude conclusion in subgroups, which was reversed again to normal trends in the combined analysis due to Simpson's paradox caused by the LDKT/DDKT ratio.
Case report and literature review: Primary leiomyosarcoma of the penis
Authors: Hao Yichang , Xia Li , Lu Min , Liu Chenhong , Zhang Fan , Yan Ye , Huang Yi , Zhang Shudong
Published: January 2023

Background

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant spindle-cell mesenchymal tumor originating from the smooth muscle cells, which mostly affects soft tissues and abdominopelvic organs over extremities. Primary LMS of the penis is a relatively uncommon mesenchymal tissue disease and a poorly understood condition.

Case Report

A 69-year-old man presented with a growing, painless mass protruding from the penis. The irregularly lobulated lump was roughly 3 cm × 2.5 cm, with a smooth surface, tough texture, distinct boundary, and no tenderness. It was determined to be a penile tumor during the preoperative radiological evaluation. The patient underwent resection of the penile mass, followed by extended resection in the second operation. The diagnosis of LMS was verified by pathological examination. During a 20-month follow-up, the patient made a smooth recovery and remained disease-free.

Conclusion

An immunohistochemical examination is essential for rendering this rare diagnosis. Radical excision of tumor lesions with negative cut margins is guaranteed to be the best treatment for primary penile LMS. Close follow-up should be provided due to the high rate of local recurrence.
Portal-mesenteric vein resection for pancreatic cancer: Results in par with the defined benchmark outcomes
Authors: Tsiotos Gregory G. , Ballian Nikiforos , Milas Fotios , Ziogou Panoraia , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Salla Charitini , Athanasiadis Ilias , Stavridi Flora , Strimpakos Alexios , Psomas Maria , Kostopanagiotou Georgia
Published: January 2023

Background

Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), which may involve major peripancreatic vessels, have been generally excluded from surgery, as resection was deemed futile. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of portomesenteric vein resection in borderline resectable or locally advanced PC. This study comprises the largest series of such patients in Greece.

Materials and Methods

Investigator-initiated, retrospective, noncomparative study of patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced adenocarcinoma undergoing pancreatectomy en-block with portal and/or superior mesenteric vein resection in a tertiary referral center in Greece between January 2014 and October 2021. Follow-up was complete up to December 2021. Operative and outcome measures were determined.

Results

Forty patients were included. Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to only 58% and was associated with smaller tumor size (median: 2.9 cm vs. 4.2 cm, p = 0.004), but not with increased survival. Though venous wall infiltration was present in 55%, it was not associated with tumor size, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status. Resection was extensive: a median of 27 LNs were retrieved, R0 resection rate (≥1 mm) was 87%, and median length of resected vein segments was 3 cm, requiring interposition grafts in 40% (polytetrafluoroethylene). Median ICU stay was 0 days and length of hospitalization 9 days. Postoperative mortality was 2.5%. Median follow-up was 46 months and median overall survival (OS) was 24 months. Two-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were 49%, 33%, and 22% respectively. All outcomes exceeded benchmark cutoffs. Lower ECOG status was positively correlated with longer survival (ECOG-0: 32 months, ECOG-1: 24 months, ECOG-2: 12 months, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

This series of portomesenteric resection in borderline resectable or locally advanced PC demonstrated a median survival of 2 years, extending to 32 months in patients with good performance status, which meet or exceed current outcome benchmarks.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain as a new driver in restoring the normal vaginal microbiota: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rapisarda Agnese Maria Chiara , Pino Alessandra , Grimaldi Raffaela Luisa , Caggia Cinzia , Randazzo Cinzia Lucia , Cianci Antonio
Published: January 2023

Probiotics play a key role in maintaining the health of the female reproductive tract, representing a promising alternative to safeguard or restore the homeostasis of the vaginal microbiota. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the ability of the potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain, orally administrated, to balance the vaginal microbiota of women with vaginal dysbiosis. Sixty women, with signs and symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis, were recruited and randomly allocated to receive oral capsules containing the L. rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain at 1.0 × 1010 colony-forming units or placebo once daily for 10 days. Clinical and microbiological parameters were evaluated in three scheduled appointments: at baseline (T0), 10 days after the start of the treatment (T1), and 30 days after the end of the treatment (T2). In addition, the quality of life, through the WHO quality of life assessment questionnaire, was assessed at baseline (T0) and 30 days after the end of the treatment (T2). The probiotic was well tolerated and no side effects were reported. The oral consumption of the potential probiotic L. rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain determined a significant improvement of both clinical signs and symptoms not only 10 days after the start of the treatment (T1) but also 30 days after the end of the treatment (T2). A significant reduction of potential pathogens and a concomitant increase of lactobacilli was revealed, by microbial count, at both T1 and T2 sampling times. In addition, the enhancement of the perceived physical health, social relations, and environment was reported. Differently, in placebo group clinical and microbiological parameters as well as quality of life remained almost unchanged. The potential probiotic L. rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain could be a safe and effective approach to restore and maintain a balanced vaginal microbiota.
3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation decreases the variability of patellar height in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Wang Xiaohua , Sun Bin , Yuan Liang , Zhang Ke , Yang Bin
Published: January 2023

Objective

Three-dimensionally (3D) printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) might help in this regard with individual design and more accurate osteotomy, but whether the utility of such instrumentations minimizes the variability of patellar height in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the reasons for this effect are unknown. Our aim is to compare and analyze the variability of patellar height with PSI and conventional instrumentation (CI) in TKA.

Methods

Between March 2018 and November 2021, 215 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who were treated with primary unilateral TKA were identified for this observational study. The patients were divided into the CI-TKA group and PSI-TKA group according to the osteotomy tools used in TKA. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters including hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), Insall–Salvati ratio, modified Caton–Deschamps (mCD) ratio, anterior condylar offset (ACO), and posterior condylar offset (PCO) were evaluated.

Results

The groups were similar in patients' demographic data, clinical scores, and radiographic parameters preoperatively. Overall, according to the results of the Insall–Salvati ratio, postoperative patellar height reduction was noted in 140 patients (65.1%). Interestingly, the variability of patellar height was smaller in the PSI-TKA group. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the Insall–Salvati ratio after TKA had a minor change in the PSI-TKA group (p = 0.005). Similarly, the mCD ratio after TKA also had a minor change in the PSI-TKA group (p < 0.001). Compared to those in the CI-TKA group, the ACO (p < 0.001) and PCO (p = 0.011) after TKA had a minor change in the PSI-TKA group, but no minor PTS change (p = 0.951) was achieved in the PSI-TKA group after TKA. However, even with 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation, there were still significant reductions in patellar height, ACO, PCO, and PTS after TKA (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The variability of patellar height was sufficiently minimized with more accurate anterior and posterior femoral condyle osteotomy when 3D printed PSI was used. Furthermore, there was a trend in over-resection of the femoral anterior and posterior condyle and a marked reduction in PTS during TKA, which could lead to a change in patellar height and might result in more patellofemoral complications following TKA.

Level of evidence

Level II.
Breast implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma in a male patient: A case report and review of the medical literature
Authors: Xia Zihuan , Han Bing , Wang Lei , Ning Guansen , Guo Zongke , Zhang Jue , Yu Bing , Chen Ming , Zhang Wanxing , Wang Ke , Ma Xiaojun
Published: January 2023

Background

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare tumor type. The diagnosis of this tumor type is more frequently made only after microscopy evaluation. Breast implant-associated SCC is rarer with medical literature review indicating only 18 cases reported in female individuals.

Case presentation

We reported an unusual case that a man found a 3-cm sized mass on his left breast at first, who had a implant surgery 18 years previously to reconstruct the deformed left breast, as related to the Poland's syndrome. More than 1 year after the mass was detected, the size of the mass gradually increased to 20 cm with swelling and severe pain, and the patient was admitted to our hospital. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, followed by removal of the implant, complete capsulectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The microscopy evaluation demonstrated the tumor as moderately and poorly differentiated invasive SCC. Follow-up at 12 months after showed multiple metastases, including the skin of the chest, axillary lymph nodes and pleura.

Conclusion

Breast implant-associated SCC can occur in male patients. Therefore, it should be considered when the clinical manifestation or histopathological appearance is not typical of other breast neoplasms. Malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells takes about 18 years, after which rapid evolution follows leading to fast growth of the tumor.
Plasma small extracellular vesicles from dogs affected by cutaneous mast cell tumors deliver high levels of miR-21-5p
Authors: Zamboni Clarissa , Zamarian Valentina , Stefanello Damiano , Ferrari Roberta , Auletta Luigi , Milanesi Samantha , Mauri Samuele , Grieco Valeria , Ceciliani Fabrizio , Lecchi Cristina
Published: January 2023

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are a class of extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm), delivering molecules including proteins, metabolites, and microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in physiological intercellular crosstalk and disease pathogenesis. The present pilot study aims are (I) to develop an easy and fast protocol for the isolation of sEV from plasma of mast cell tumor (MCT)-affected dogs; (II) to evaluate if miR-21-5p (sEV-miR-21-5p), a miRNA overexpressed by MCT, is associated with sEV. Seventeen dogs have been enrolled in the study: 4 healthy and 13 (6 with and 7 without nodal metastasis) MCT-affected dogs. sEV were isolated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (IZON column 35nm) and were characterized by Western blot, Nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. sEV-miR-21-5p was quantified using digital PCR. sEV expressed the specific markers CD9 and TSG101, and a marker of mast cell tryptase. The sEV mean concentration and size were 2.68E + 10 particles/ml, and 99.6 nm, 2.89E + 10 particles/ml and 101.7 nm, and 3.21E + 10 particles/ml and 124 nm in non-metastatic, nodal metastatic, and healthy samples, respectively. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the level of sEV-miR-21-5p was significantly higher in dogs with nodal metastasis compared to healthy (P = 0.038) and without nodal metastasis samples (P = 0.007). In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that a pure population of sEV can be isolated from the plasma of MCT-affected dogs using the SEC approach and that the level of sEV-miR-21-5p is higher in nodal metastatic MCT-affected dogs compared with healthy and MCT-affected dogs without nodal involvement.
Prevalence and etiology of dentoalveolar trauma in 1,592 United States military working dogs: A 1-year retrospective study
Authors: Bilyard Karin R. , Mullaney Sara B. , Henry Travis J.
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to quantify the overall prevalence and classification of traumatic dentoalveolar injury (TDI) in a large population of military working dogs (MWDs). The medical records of 1,592 MWDs undergoing routine oral exam and periodontal treatment over a 1-year period were reviewed. The MWDs were located at over 100 military veterinary treatment facilities across the globe. Patient signalment, occupational duty certification, tooth injured, and trauma etiology were recorded. The overall prevalence of TDI was 43.6%. The mean number of TDI per MWD was 1.2. Maxillary tooth fractures were the most common at 60.9% compared to mandibular tooth fractures 39.1%. The most common TDI was enamel-dentin-pulp fractures which accounted for 59.9% of all injuries. Specialized Search Dogs (SSDs) had the highest average of enamel-dentin and enamel-dentin-pulp tooth trauma. Incidental findings with an unknown cause accounted for the majority of tooth trauma 69.2% followed by housing 18.2%, bite work 6.2%, and blunt force trauma 6.0%. The frequency of TDI in the MWD population was substantial, with more than one out of every four MWDs requiring treatment. The probability of a tooth injury in the MWD population was nearly double compared to the pet dog population. Tooth type and age were significant predictors of severe tooth trauma requiring treatment. Improved understanding of MWD tooth trauma prevalence and risk factors will help drive change while maintaining deployment readiness of the team.
Evaluación de una metodología para potenciar el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Educación Básica Superior
Authors: Delgado-Cobeña Elan Ignacio , Briones-Ponce María Eulalia , Córdova-Cedeño Joselyn Johanna
Published: January 2023

El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje actual, requiere de la aplicación de metodologías innovadoras que estén acordes a los modelos educativos modernos, por ello, el presente trabajo muestra los resultados de la aplicación de recursos didácticos digitales, a través de una metodología que potencie el rendimiento académico. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la aplicación de una metodología sustentada en recursos didácticos digitales para potenciar el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Educación Básica Superior. La metodología se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo de nivel experimental, donde se desarrolló el diseño de un cuasi experimento. La población seleccionada fueron 98 estudiantes del subnivel de Educación Básica Superior, de la Escuela Particular Vicente Amador Flor, del cantón de Portoviejo. Se obtuvo una muestra representativa de 78 estudiantes, a través de la fórmula para el cálculo de muestras finitas. La técnica para la recolección de los datos fue una encuesta, además, se aplicaron pruebas de estadística inferencial para el procesamiento de los datos. Entre los principales resultados, los grupos experimentales tenían un rendimiento académico de nivel medio en el pre test, mientras que, en la medición realizada en el post test, su media alcanzó el nivel de rendimiento académico alto. En conclusión, la aplicación de una metodología que se sustentó en recursos didácticos digitales, logró potenciar el rendimiento académico de los grupos experimentales, debido a la novedad que generó en el aprendizaje.
Marketing Turístico: desde una perspectiva bibliométrica en los deportes de aventura
Authors: Guizado-Toscano Erick Daniel , Castro-Analuiza Juan Carlos , Medina-Chicaiza Patricio
Published: January 2023

La investigación en Marketing Turístico y Deportes de Aventura cuenta con un apreciable número de artículos que han contextualizado la corriente doctrinal según los diferentes autores. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios bibliométricos en las revistas científicas acerca de la temática abordada. El objetivo de este estudio es llenar el vacío en la literatura mediante el análisis de documentos de investigación sobre marketing en el turismo de aventura. La importancia de este artículo radica en la evaluación de la producción científica entre los años 2016-2021; en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Taylor & Francis (T&F) y Science Direct (SD), a través del método bibliométrico se utilizó las herramientas Bibliomterix y PowerBI que permiten la identificación de los años, instituciones, revistas, autores, documentos citados, países y palabras clave con mayor participación en las divulgaciones científicas acerca del Marketing Turístico y Deportes de Aventura. Para ello, se realizó un análisis descriptivo que consistió en la selección de 25 documentos extraídos mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión de las bases Scopus, WoS, T&F y SD. Entre los resultados se observa que la WoS y T&F, concentran la mayor cantidad de publicaciones y gran parte de los documentos se encuentran publicados en la Journal of Sport & Tourism. El país con más publicaciones fue Estados Unidos. Finalmente, en el seguimiento bibliográfico se evidencia que el campo de conocimiento presenta un crecimiento exponencial y resalta como oportunidad para el ingreso de nuevos autores, sin evidenciar saturación en la disciplina del turismo.
Influencia de las características personales y factores del entorno en la intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Garavito-Hernández Youseline , García-Méndez Sebastián , Ramírez-Torres William Eduardo , Avellaneda-Rueda Carlos
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años los jóvenes colombianos enfrentan diversos obstáculos para desarrollarse como profesionales debido a la situación económica del entorno nacional, a su falta de experiencia y de oportunidades para desempeñarse profesionalmente, lo que ha generado un aumento del desempleo particularmente en esta población. Al considerarse las universidades como espacios para fomentar el emprendimiento, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia de las características personales y de los factores del entorno en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de educación superior. Para ello, se analizó una muestra de 252 estudiantes pertenecientes a 13 programas académicos diferentes, todos matriculados en el curso: “proyecto emprendedor” de una universidad colombiana, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento conformado por 33 preguntas relacionadas con los factores objeto de estudio. La investigación contempla un análisis cuantitativo, bajo un diseño no experimental de corte transversal y explicativo. Los resultados revelan que la situación actual del país, el contexto familiar y las redes de apoyo tienen una influencia positiva y significativa en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios. Las conclusiones enfatizan en la importancia de “la universidad emprendedora”, antes de “los estudiantes emprendedores”, considerando que las Instituciones de Educación Superior son en realidad las generadoras de procesos asociados a la promoción del emprendimiento en la población objeto de estudio.
Study of Tire–Pavement Noise Acoustic Performance in Resilient Road Pavement Made of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites
Authors: Bawono Ali Aryo , NguyenDinh Nen , Thangaraj Janaki , Ertsey-Bayer Maximilian , Simon Christoph , Lechner Bernhard , Freudenstein Stephan , Yang En-Hua
Published: January 2023

A modified strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) material, fabricated using corundum aggregates (SHCC-Cor), has been proposed for roadway applications as it offers high structural performance and high skid resistance. However, the acoustic performance of SHCC is unclear and has not been well studied in the past. Theoretically, SHCC may not provide the optimum solution in acoustic performance as it provides a low texture profile, high density, and low porosity. In this study, the acoustic performance of pavement slabs made of SHCC and modified SHCC-Cor are investigated using a nondestructive method to determine the surface roughness (macro texture) of slab surfaces. The pavement–tire noise level was then simulated using SPERoN software. As result, the noise level coming from the pavement made of SHCC could be up to 65 dB(A), while the noise level for SHCC-Cor increased up to 69.2 dB(A) because of the lower shape factor (G) due to a rougher surface as a result of the existence of corundum aggregate on the SHCC surface. The aeroacoustics were also increased compared to the SHCC slab. The modification of SHCC-Cor by introducing grooves (SHCC-Cor-Gro) successfully reduced the sound level coming from the vibration.
Advances in Flow Control by Means of Synthetic Jet Actuators
Authors: Chiatto Matteo , de Luca Luigi
Published: January 2023

The need for flow control is widely recognized in various fields of technological applications such as fluid dynamics, atomization, heat transfer, and others [...]
An Origami-Inspired Negative Pressure Folding Actuator Coupling Hardness with Softness
Authors: Shao Zhaowen , Zhao Wentao , Zuo Zhaotian , Li Jun , Chen I-Ming
Published: January 2023

Soft actuators have a high potential for the creative design of flexible robots and safe human–robot interaction. So far, significant progress has been made in soft actuators’ flexibility, deformation amplitude, and variable stiffness. However, there are still deficiencies in output force and force retention. This paper presents a new negative pressure-driven folding flexible actuator inspired by origami. First, we establish a theoretical model to predict such an actuator’s output force and displacement under given pressures. Next, five actuators are fabricated using three different materials and evaluated on a test platform. The test results reveal that one actuator generates a maximum pull force of 1125.9 N and the maximum push force of 818.2 N, and another outputs a full force reaching 600 times its weight. Finally, demonstrative experiments are conducted extensively, including stretching, contracting, clamping, single-arm power assistance, and underwater movement. They show our actuators’ performance and feature coupling hardness with softness, e.g., large force output, strong force retention, two-way working, and even muscle-like explosive strength gaining. The existing soft actuators desire these valuable properties.
Seasonal Variations of the Protein Fractions and the Mineral Contents of the Cheese Whey in the Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Manufacture
Authors: Franceschi Piero , Martuzzi Francesca , Formaggioni Paolo , Malacarne Massimo , Summer Andrea
Published: January 2023

The milk whey remaining at the end of the cheese-making process is the main by-product of the dairy industries and it is currently used as a source of high added-value compounds by the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this research was to study the effects of the season on the residual whey characteristics in the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese-making process. Over two years, a total of 288 cheese-making trials of Parmigiano Reggiano PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) cheese were performed in three commercial cheese factories and, in each trial, a sample of the vat milk (V-milk) and of the residual whey (C-whey) were collected. The C-whey values of dry matter and non-fat matter were higher in winter and autumn than in spring and summer. Moreover, the C-whey fat and crude protein contents were also higher in autumn (0.52 and 0.89 g/100 g, respectively) and lower in spring (0.44 and 0.83 g/100 g, respectively) and summer (0.46 and 0.84 g/100 g, respectively). Furthermore, crude whey protein resulted to be the major fraction of crude protein (97.96%). Crude whey protein and true whey protein were higher in autumn and lower in spring and summer and their values mainly depended on milk whey protein. Finally, the C-whey average contents of phosphorus and magnesium were higher in autumn and winter than in summer.
Potential of Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma for Inhibition of Athelia rolfsii Causing Southern Blight Disease in Lettuce
Authors: Supakitthanakorn Salit , Ruangwong On-Uma , Sawangrat Choncharoen , Srisuwan Wimada , Boonyawan Dheerawan
Published: January 2023

Athelia rolfsii is one of the most destructive and aggressive fungal pathogens worldwide and causes southern blight disease of lettuce. A nonthermal atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has attracted interest as an alternative control method to chemical usage because of its antimicrobial activity. Exposure of A. rolfsii to DBD plasma for 5, 10, 15, and 20 min resulted in in vitro fungal inhibition of mycelial discs and sclerotia. The results showed that DBD plasma exposure for 10 min completely inhibited fungal growth of mycelial discs, whereas exposure for over 20 min was required to inhibit the hyphal growth of sclerotia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of mycelia and sclerotia abnormalities revealed laceration and damage of both mycelia and sclerotia. In addition, disease incidence and severity were reduced in mycelial and sclerotia inoculation following DBD plasma exposure for 15 and 20 min, respectively, compared with the positive control. In conclusion, the DBD plasma demonstrates antifungal activity against A. rolfsii via inhibition of fungal growth and reduction in disease incidence and severity. Therefore, DBD plasma has the potential to be applied in controlling southern blight disease of lettuce.
Role of Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Mitigating Salinity Stress: Recent Advances and Possibilities
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Raghuvanshi Nikhil , Pandey Abhay K. , Kumar Abhishek , Thoday-Kennedy Emily , Kant Surya
Published: January 2023

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic constraints in agricultural ecosystems worldwide. High salinity levels have negative impacts on plant growth and yield, and affect soil physicochemical properties. Salinity also has adverse effects on the distribution and abundance of soil microorganisms. Salinity problems have previously been addressed in research, but most approaches, such as breeding for salt tolerant varieties and soil amelioration, are expensive and require years of efforts. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (HT-PGPR) secrete secondary metabolites, including osmoprotectants, exopolysaccharides, and volatile organic compounds. The importance of these compounds in promoting plant growth and reducing adverse effects under salinity stress has now been widely recognised. HT-PGPR are emerging as effective biological strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of high salinity; improving plant growth, development, and yield; and remediating degraded saline soils. This review describes the beneficial effects and growth-promoting mechanisms of various HT-PGPR, which are carried out by maintaining ion homeostasis, increasing nutrient availability, and the producing secondary metabolites, osmoprotectants, growth hormones, and volatile organic compounds. Exploring suitable HT-PGPR and applications in agriculture production systems can play a crucial role in reducing the adverse impacts of salinity stress and sustainable crop productivity.
New Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Biofilm Formation from Swine in Heilongjiang Province of China
Authors: Dong Chun-Liu , Che Rui-Xiang , Wu Tong , Qu Qian-Wei , Chen Mo , Zheng Si-Di , Cai Xue-Hui , Wang Gang , Li Yan-Hua
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis in Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 29 S. suis were isolated from 332 samples collected from 6 pig farms. The results showed that serotypes 2, 4 and 9 were prevalent, and all the clinical isolates were resistant to at least two antibacterial drugs. The most resisted drugs were macrolides, and the least resisted drugs were fluoroquinolones. Resistant genes ermB and aph (3′)-IIIa were highly distributed among the isolates, with the detection rates of 79.31% and 75.86%. The formation of biofilm could be observed in all the isolated S. suis, among which D-1, LL-1 and LL-3 strains formed stronger biofilm structure than other strains. The results indicate that S. suis in Heilongjiang Province presents a multi-drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, which was caused by the same target gene, the dissemination of drug resistance genes, and bacterial biofilm.
Allium-Derived Compound Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) Reduces Vibrio Populations and Increases Body Weight of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles
Authors: Rabelo-Ruiz Miguel , Peralta-Sánchez Juan Manuel , Martín-Platero Antonio Manuel , Ruiz Ana J. , Agraso María del Mar , Bermúdez Laura , Ariza Juan José , Baños Alberto , Valdivia Eva , Martínez-Bueno Manuel
Published: January 2023

The global demand for fish products is continuously increasing as the population grows, and aquaculture plays an important role in supplying this demand. However, industrial antibiotic misuse has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria, therefore, several antibiotic alternatives have been proposed. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of Allium-derived propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in European seabass juveniles’ growth and performance. These effects were tested by measuring the body weight and analyzing the gut microbiome of fish after 89 days of feeding trial. The relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Vibrio in the foregut and hindgut of supplemented fish decreased, while Pseudomonas and Kocuria increased significantly. Alpha diversity indices significantly decreased in both gut regions of fish fed with Allium-derived PTSO supplemented diet, as well as between bacterial community composition. These results may indicate a positive effect of the supplementation in the diet with Allium-derived PTSO, reducing potentially pathogenic Vibrio and increasing body weight at the end of the experiment (89 days). However, this supplementation with Allium-derived PTSO produces changes in the diversity and composition of microbial communities, so further experiments would be necessary to explore bacterial community composition and health relationship.
Revalorisation of Sage (Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl) By-Product Extracts as a Source of Polyphenol Antioxidants for Novel Jelly Candies
Authors: Cedeño-Pinos Cristina , Martínez-Tomé Magdalena , Jordán María José , Bañón Sancho
Published: January 2023

Sage (Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl) aqueous extracts (SE) obtained from distillation by-products were assessed as antioxidants for nutritionally enhanced jelly candies. Two experimental SEs with a different content of phenolic acids and flavonoids were tested: (i) SE38 (37.6 mg/g) and (ii) SE70 (69.8 mg/g), with salvianic and rosmarinic acids as main polyphenols, respectively. Flavour alteration, stability of sage polyphenols, physical quality traits and antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied in strawberry candies formulated without sugars and enriched with SEs at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g/kg. Despite their different quantitative composition, SE38 and SE70 provided similar antioxidant properties, which were dose dependent. Salvianic and rosmarinic acids were stable without degrading to candy processing (up to 80 °C), keeping their antioxidant potential. There were no relevant differences in flavour or physical traits (pH, °Brix and CIELab colour) between untreated and SE-enriched strawberry candies. The addition of 0.75 g SE/kg resulted in relevant increases of candy AC: (i) from 30 to 38 mg GAE/100 g (total phenolics); (ii) from 10 to 17 mg TE/100 g (DPPH• radical scavenging assay); (iii) from 5 to 13 mg TE/100 g (ABTS·+ radical scavenging assay); (iv) from 84 to 163 µmol Fe2+/100 g (FRAP capacity) and (v) from to 75 to 83% (inhibition of deoxyribose damage). Sage distillation by-products can be revalorised as a source of natural antioxidants to produce healthier candies.
Effect of Interatomic Potential on Simulation of Fracture Behavior of Cu/Graphene Composite: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Safina Liliya R. , Rozhnova Elizaveta A. , Murzaev Ramil T. , Baimova Julia A.
Published: January 2023

Interatomic interaction potentials are compared using a molecular dynamics modeling method to choose the simplest, but most effective, model to describe the interaction of copper nanoparticles and graphene flakes. Three potentials are considered: (1) the bond-order potential; (2) a hybrid embedded-atom-method and Morse potential; and (3) the Morse potential. The interaction is investigated for crumpled graphene filled with copper nanoparticles to determine the possibility of obtaining a composite and the mechanical properties of this material. It is observed that not all potentials can be applied to describe the graphene–copper interaction in such a system. The bond-order potential potential takes into account various characteristics of the bond (for example, the angle of rotation and bond lengths); its application increases the simulation time and results in a strong interconnection between a metal nanoparticle and a graphene flake. The hybrid embedded-atom-method/Morse potential and the Morse potential show different results and lower bonding between graphene and copper. All the potentials enable a composite structure to be obtained; however, the resulting mechanical properties, such as strength, are different.
Sedimentation Rate of Dunaliella salina in Dark Conditions
Authors: Naka Angelica , Kurahashi Midori
Published: January 2023

Microalgae are a source of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Thus, they can be considered as raw material to transition from current fossil fuel-based refineries to biorefineries. Microalgae harvesting is considered a major challenge in biomass production. There are several harvesting techniques, but the majority of them are either expensive or not effective. The harvesting method that we propose is sedimentation-induced by light blockage, taking advantage of the motility characteristics of certain microalgae. In this research, the halophilic microalgae Dunaliella salina was selected. Experiments were conducted under light and dark conditions to compare the sedimentation rates. Sedimentation behavior was measured by collecting data on the optical density and cell count under both light and dark conditions. The results showed that, under light conditions, the cell count in the middle of the flask decreased from 1 × 106 cell/mL to 5 × 104 cell/mL after 50 days. Under dark conditions sedimentation took less than 10 days for complete settlement. Leaving Dunaliella salina under dark conditions may constitute a promising harvest method as this provides a high recovery rate and requires low energy.
Study on Optimal Sampling Analysis of Soil Moisture at Field Scale for Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Gu Xingfa , Wang Chunnuan , Yang Jian , Lu Yang , Chen Zou
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of soil moisture estimation techniques involving remote sensing technology, the sampling designs used in soil moisture research are very important. To estimate the rational sample number for measuring near-surface soil moisture (0–20 cm), a random combination method was used to study the relationship between the average measured soil moisture contents and the true values at given scales. Compared to classic statistics and stratified sampling, the random combination method easily obtained precision estimates from a small number of samples. Moreover, the random combination method was upscaled to further discuss the influence of the coefficient of variation and study-region scale on the rational sample numbers at different scales (2, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 m). The results showed that the rational sample numbers for measuring near-surface soil moisture at the 2, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 m scales were 2, 5, 5, 8, 20, and 42, respectively, under the relative error of 10% at the 95% confidence level. The rational sample numbers at different scales were proportional to the coefficient of variation and the regional scale.
Effects of Zearalenone on Apoptosis and Copper Accumulation of Goat Granulosa Cells In Vitro
Authors: Liu Liang , Ma Jianyu , Wei Zongyou , Yang Yingnan , Li Dongxu , Wan Yongjie
Published: January 2023

Zearalenone (ZEA), also known as F-2 toxin, is a mycotoxin. Despite numerous reports of ZEA impairing livestock production performance and fertility, little information is available, including information about the mechanism underlying damage to cell metal ion transport. Copper, which is essential for cell survival as a metal ion, can consist of a variety of enzymes that facilitate abundant metabolic processes. However, the accumulation of copper in cells can have toxic effects. Here, we intended to determine whether ZEA could impair goat granulosa cells (GCs) and alter the cellular copper concentration. GCs were divided into a negative control (NC) group (cells cultured with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 8 h) and a ZEA group (cells cultured with 200 μmol/L ZEA diluted in DMSO for 8 h). The results showed that ZEA could inhibit GC proliferation and impair cell viability. GCs showed significant increases in the apoptosis rate and oxidative stress levels, while their ability to synthesize estrogen decreased. In addition, RNA-seq results showed dramatic changes in the expression of copper transport-related genes. The expression levels of ATPase copper transporting alpha (ATP7A) and ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) were significantly downregulated (p < 0.01), while the expression of solute carrier family 31 member 1 (SLC31A1) was not modified in the ZEA group compared with the NC group. In accordance with these trends, the copper concentration increased significantly in the ZEA group (p < 0.01). In summary, our results show that ZEA can negatively affect GCs and cause copper accumulation. This finding may provide a prospective line of research on the relationship between ZEA and the transport of copper ions in GCs.
Foliar Roughness and Water Content Impact on Escherichia coli Attachment in Baby Leafy Greens
Authors: Truschi Stefania , Baldi Ada , Bruschi Piero , Cacciari Ilaria , Marvasi Massimiliano , Lenzi Anna
Published: January 2023

Understanding the relation between the susceptibility of different leafy greens to human pathogen contamination and leaf traits can contribute to increase the food safety of the fresh vegetable industry. The aim of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility to E. coli ATCC 35218 attachment in 30 accessions of baby leaves, and to identify leaf traits potentially involved in the contamination. The accessions were surface inoculated with a bacterial suspension containing 1 × 107 cells/mL and the attachment was measured 1.5 h after inoculation. Significant differences in attachment were detected between the accessions for p ≤ 0.05. The three most and the three least susceptible accessions were selected and characterized for leaf micro-morphological traits (stomata density and size, surface roughness) and water content. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the stomatal parameters. Roughness was measured by an innovative portable 3D digital microscope. No significant correlation between the attachment of E. coli ATCC 35218 and stomatal parameters was detected, while the attachment was positively correlated with roughness and water content. The E. coli ATCC 35218 population in surface-inoculated leaves was also measured after a UV treatment, which was found to be less effective in reducing bacterial contamination in the rougher leaves. This result suggested that roughness offers UV protection, further highlighting its impact on the microbiological safety of baby leafy greens.
The Efficacy of Gum Arabic in Managing Diseases: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Clinical Trials
Authors: Al-Jubori Yamamh , Ahmed Nazik Tayfour Babiker , Albusaidi Rawan , Madden James , Das Srijit , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao
Published: January 2023

Gum arabic (GA) is a natural product commonly used as a household remedy for treating various diseases in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Despite its claimed benefits, there has been a lack of research on the findings of current clinical trials (CTs) that investigated its efficacy in the treatment of various medical diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to study CTs which focused on GA and its possible use in the management of various medical diseases. A search of the extant literature was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to retrieve CTs focusing on evidence-based clinical indications. The databases were searched using the keywords (“Gum Arabic” OR “Acacia senegal” OR “Acacia seyal” OR “Gum Acacia” OR “Acacia Arabica”) AND (“Clinical Trial” OR “Randomized Controlled Trial” OR “Randomized Clinical Trial”). While performing the systematic review, data were obtained on the following parameters: title, authors, date of publication, study design, study aim, sample size, type of intervention used, targeted medical diseases, and main findings. Twenty-nine papers were included in this systematic review. The results showed that ingestion of GA altered lipid profiles, renal profiles, plaque, gingival scores, biochemical parameters, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and adiposity. GA exhibited anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and antibacterial properties. GA has been successfully used to treat sickle cell anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, periodontitis, gastrointestinal conditions, and kidney diseases. Herein, we discuss GA with respect to the underlying mechanisms involved in each medical disease, thereby justifying GA’s future role as a therapeutic agent.
Multiplexed smFRET Nucleic Acid Sensing Using DNA Nanotweezers
Authors: Kaur Anisa , Mahmoud Roaa , Megalathan Anoja , Pettit Sydney , Dhakal Soma
Published: January 2023

The multiplexed detection of disease biomarkers is part of an ongoing effort toward improving the quality of diagnostic testing, reducing the cost of analysis, and accelerating the treatment processes. Although significant efforts have been made to develop more sensitive and rapid multiplexed screening methods, such as microarrays and electrochemical sensors, their limitations include their intricate sensing designs and semi-quantitative detection capabilities. Alternatively, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based single-molecule counting offers great potential for both the sensitive and quantitative detection of various biomarkers. However, current FRET-based multiplexed sensing typically requires the use of multiple excitation sources and/or FRET pairs, which complicates labeling schemes and the post-analysis of data. We present a nanotweezer (NT)-based sensing strategy that employs a single FRET pair and is capable of detecting multiple targets. Using DNA mimics of miRNA biomarkers specific to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we demonstrated that the developed sensors are sensitive down to the low picomolar range (≤10 pM) and can discriminate between targets with a single-base mismatch. These simple hybridization-based sensors hold great promise for the sensitive detection of a wider spectrum of nucleic acid biomarkers.