bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ursids evolved early and continuously to be low-protein macronutrient omnivores
Authors: Robbins Charles T. , Christian Amelia L. , Vineyard Travis G. , Thompson Debbie , Knott Katrina K. , Tollefson Troy N. , Fidgett Andrea L. , Wickersham Tryon A.
Published: September 2022

The eight species of bears world-wide consume a wide variety of diets. Some are specialists with extensive anatomical and physiological adaptations necessary to exploit specific foods or environments [e.g., polar bears (Ursus maritimus), giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), and sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)], while the rest are generalists. Even though ursids evolved from a high-protein carnivore, we hypothesized that all have become low-protein macronutrient omnivores. While this dietary strategy has already been described for polar bears and brown bears (Ursus arctos), a recent study on giant pandas suggested their macronutrient selection was that of the ancestral high-protein carnivore. Consumption of diets with inappropriate macronutrient profiles has been associated with increased energy expenditure, ill health, failed reproduction, and premature death. Consequently, we conducted feeding and preference trials with giant pandas and sloth bears, a termite and ant-feeding specialist. Both giant pandas and sloth bears branched off from the ursid lineage a million or more years before polar bears and brown bears. We found that giant pandas are low-protein, high-carbohydrate omnivores, whereas sloth bears are low-protein, high-fat omnivores. The preference for low protein diets apparently occurred early in the evolution of ursids and may have been critical to their world-wide spread.
Spiking neural networks based on two-dimensional materials
Authors: Roldan Juan B. , Maldonado David , Aguilera-Pedregosa Cristina , Moreno Enrique , Aguirre Fernando , Romero-Zaliz Rocío , García-Vico Angel M. , Shen Yaqing , Lanza Mario
Published: September 2022

The development of artificial neural networks using memristors is gaining a lot of interest among technological companies because it can reduce the computing time and energy consumption. There is still no memristor, made of any material, capable to provide the ideal figures-of-merit required for the implementation of artificial neural networks, meaning that more research is required. Here we present the use of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride based memristors to implement spiking neural networks for image classification. Our study indicates that the recognition accuracy of the network is high, and that can be resilient to device variability if the number of neurons employed is large enough. There are very few studies that present the use of a two-dimensional material for the implementation of synapses of different features; in our case, in addition to a study of the synaptic characteristics of our memristive devices, we deal with complete spiking neural network training and inference processes.
Compatibility between snails and schistosomes: insights from new genetic resources, comparative genomics, and genetic mapping
Authors: Bu Lijing , Zhong Daibin , Lu Lijun , Loker Eric S. , Yan Guiyun , Zhang Si-Ming
Published: September 2022

The freshwater snailBiomphalaria glabratais an important intermediate host of the parasiteSchistosoma mansonithat causes human intestinal schistosomiasis. To better understand vector snail biology and help advance innovative snail control strategies, we have developed a new snail model consisting of two homozygousB. glabratalines (iM line and iBS90) with sharply contrasting schistosome-resistance phenotypes. We produced and compared high-quality genome sequences for iM line and iBS90 which were assembled from 255 (N50 = 22.7 Mb) and 346 (N50 = 19.4 Mb) scaffolds, respectively. Using F2 offspring bred from the two lines and the newly generated iM line genome, we constructed 18 linkage groups (representing the 18 haploid chromosomes) covering 96% of the genome and identified three new QTLs (quantitative trait loci), two involved in snail resistance/susceptibility and one relating to body pigmentation. This study provides excellent genomic resources for unveiling complex vector snail biology, reveals genomic difference between resistant and susceptible lines, and offers novel insights into genetic mechanism of the compatibility between snail and schistosome.
Peroxisomal very long-chain fatty acid transport is targeted by herpesviruses and the antiviral host response
Authors: Weinhofer Isabelle , Buda Agnieszka , Kunze Markus , Palfi Zsofia , Traunfellner Matthäus , Hesse Sarah , Villoria-Gonzalez Andrea , Hofmann Jörg , Hametner Simon , Regelsberger Günther , Moser Ann B. , Eichler Florian , Kemp Stephan , Bauer Jan , Kühl Jörn-Sven , Forss-Petter Sonja , Berger Johannes
Published: September 2022

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are critical for human cytomegalovirus replication and accumulate upon infection. Here, we used Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human B cells to elucidate how herpesviruses target VLCFA metabolism. Gene expression profiling revealed that, despite a general induction of peroxisome-related genes, EBV early infection decreased expression of the peroxisomal VLCFA transporters ABCD1 and ABCD2, thus impairing VLCFA degradation. The mechanism underlying ABCD1 and ABCD2 repression involved RNA interference by the EBV-induced microRNAs miR-9-5p and miR-155, respectively, causing significantly increased VLCFA levels. Treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol, an antiviral innate immune modulator produced by macrophages, restored ABCD1 expression and reduced VLCFA accumulation in EBV-infected B-lymphocytes, and, upon lytic reactivation, reduced virus production in control but not ABCD1-deficient cells. Finally, also other herpesviruses and coronaviruses target ABCD1 expression. Because viral infection might trigger neuroinflammation in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD, inherited ABCD1 deficiency), we explored a possible link between EBV infection and cerebral X-ALD. However, neither immunohistochemistry of post-mortem brains nor analysis of EBV seropositivity in 35 X-ALD children supported involvement of EBV in the onset of neuroinflammation. Collectively, our findings indicate a previously unrecognized, pivotal role of ABCD1 in viral infection and host defence, prompting consideration of other viral triggers in cerebral X-ALD.
A RUNX-targeted gene switch-off approach modulates the BIRC5/PIF1-p21 pathway and reduces glioblastoma growth in mice
Authors: Hattori Etsuko Yamamoto , Masuda Tatsuya , Mineharu Yohei , Mikami Masamitsu , Terada Yukinori , Matsui Yasuzumi , Kubota Hirohito , Matsuo Hidemasa , Hirata Masahiro , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Ikeda Shuji , Miyamoto Susumu , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kamikubo Yasuhiko
Published: September 2022

Glioblastoma is the most common adult brain tumour, representing a high degree of malignancy. Transcription factors such as RUNX1 are believed to be involved in the malignancy of glioblastoma. RUNX1 functions as an oncogene or tumour suppressor gene with diverse target genes. Details of the effects of RUNX1 on the acquisition of malignancy in glioblastoma remain unclear. Here, we show that RUNX1 downregulates p21 by enhancing expressions of BIRC5 and PIF1, conferring anti-apoptotic properties on glioblastoma. A gene switch-off therapy using alkylating agent-conjugated pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, designed to fit the RUNX1 DNA groove, decreased expression levels of BIRC5 and PIF1 and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p21. The RUNX1-BIRC5/PIF1-p21 pathway appears to reflect refractory characteristics of glioblastoma and thus holds promise as a therapeutic target. RUNX gene switch-off therapy may represent a novel treatment for glioblastoma.
Theoretical Tools and Concepts for Modelling Growing Plant Tissues
Authors: Jensen Oliver E.
Published: September 2022

Theory provides an important complement to experiment in understanding the role of mechanical forces in plant growth and development, and the associated concepts underpin our interpretation of observations. In an area where biology, engineering, physics, chemistry and mathematics converge, the individual researcher is likely to be challenged to step outside their area of primary expertise. To help open a few doors between disciplines, this chapter aims to show readers who may have some familiarity with basic mechanics how traditional approaches can be adapted to develop new theoretical models describing growing multicellular plant tissues. More mathematical material appears within a handful of Technical Comments that can be ignored by readers uncomfortable with unfamiliar notation. There is not space here to be fully comprehensive, and the topics presented are deliberately selective, influenced by the author's experience working on root growth.1 A wider view of mechanical modelling of growing tissues is provided by Goriely;2 a number of plant-specific reviews are also available.3–6
Future performance of rainwater tanks and impacts on weather variability under climate change scenarios
Authors: Khan Mohammad Saarim , Imteaz Monzur Alam
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding the financial and environmental benefits of adopting a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS).
Acetylcholinesterase–Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of dichlorvos using square-wave voltammetry
Authors: Yang Limin , Zhang Xiaolong , Li Mingming , Qu Linjiao , Liu Zhen
Published: September 2022

Acetylcholinesterase–Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers was synthesized for electrochemical detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using square-wave voltammetry.
Determination of ofloxacin in the presence of dopamine, paracetamol, and caffeine using a glassy carbon electrode based on carbon nanomaterials and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Silva Rebeca M. S. , Santos Anderson M. , Wong Ademar , Fatibello-Filho Orlando , Moraes Fernando C. , Farias Marco A. S.
Published: September 2022

A new electrode was prepared based on functionalized graphene and gold nanoparticles dispersed in a chitosan film.
Impact of band-gap graded structures artificially implemented in Mg–ZnO epitaxial films on photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Sato Yuta , Kaminaga Kenichi , Takahashi Ryota , Maruyama Shingo , Matsumoto Yuji
Published: September 2022

The impact of band gap-graded structures artificially implemented in a photocatalyst on the photoelectrochemical properties was investigated in a model system of epitaxial thin film Mg–ZnO.
Localized surface plasmon resonance effect enhanced Cu/TiO2 core–shell catalyst for boosting CO2 hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Shi Lizi , Liu Huimin , Ning Shangbo , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2022

Inexpensive and nontoxic Cu/TiO2 catalysts based on the LSPR effect for boosting the CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
Antimould action of Ziram and IPBC loaded in functionalised nanogels against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Raimond Laurine , Halbus Ahmed F. , Athab Zahraa H. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: September 2022

We report novel insights into treating mould with nanocarrier-loaded antimould agents Ziram and IPBC and explore the effects of surface coating and method of delivery.
Ultrahigh energy storage performance of all-organic dielectrics at high-temperature by tuning the density and location of traps
Authors: Feng Mengjia , Feng Yu , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Chen Qingguo , Chi Qingguo
Published: September 2022

An improved composite dielectric with an excellent high-temperature energy storage performance has been obtained by modulating the trap parameters.
Dinuclear nickel(ii) supramolecular helicates down-regulate gene expression in human cells by stabilizing DNA G-quadruplexes formed in the promoter regions
Authors: Malina Jaroslav , Kostrhunova Hana , Brabec Viktor
Published: September 2022

Dinuclear nickel(ii) supramolecular helicates selectively stabilize DNA G-quadruplexes and suppress G-quadruplex-regulated genes.
CaCe(IO3)3(IO3F)F: a promising nonlinear optical material containing both IO3− and IO3F2− anions
Authors: Ma Nan , Hu Chun-Li , Chen Jin , Fang Zhi , Huang Yu , Li Bing-Xuan , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: September 2022

A promising nonlinear optical material, CaCe(IO3)3(IO3F)F, containing both IO3− and IO3F2− anions, has been reported.
Cu-Catalyzed synthesis of spiroimidazole derivatives via an indolyl mediated cyclization–rearrangement reaction
Authors: Chen Shanping , Xia Yi , Feng Wei , You Kuiyi , Mao Guojiang , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: September 2022

A novel Cu-catalyzed synthesis of structurally valuable spiroimidazole derivatives from 2-(indol-3-yl)cyclohexanones and amidines via an indolyl mediated cyclization–rearrangement reaction is described.
Azo-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: an efficient adsorbent for the removal of bromocresol green from contaminated water
Authors: Saad Hadeel , El-Dien F. A. Nour , El-Gamel Nadia E. A. , Abo Dena Ahmed S.
Published: September 2022

An efficient adsorbent based on azo-dye-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized for the removal of the anionic dye, bromocresol green, from wastewater.
Optical bio-sensing of DNA methylation analysis: an overview of recent progress and future prospects
Authors: Adampourezare Mina , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Seidi Farzad
Published: September 2022

Here, we provide an overview on the optical biosensors (including fluorescence, FRET, SERs, colorimetric) that have been applied to detect the DNA methylation.
Insights into the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of pure Aum (2 ≥ m ≤ 7) and copper-doped Aum–xCux clusters
Authors: Hussain Fakhar , Hussain Riaz , Adnan Muhammad , Muhammad Shabbir , Irshad Zobia , Khan Muhammad Usman , Yaqoob Junaid , Ayub Khurshid
Published: September 2022

A series of small pure Aum (2 ≥ m ≤ 7) and copper-doped Aum−xCux clusters was evaluated by density functional theory (DFT) at the CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ level for their geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.
Optimization of uric acid detection with Au nanorod-decorated graphene oxide (GO/AuNR) using response surface methodology
Authors: Safitri Hana , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Rohaeti Eti , Khalil Munawar , Marken Frank
Published: September 2022

Optimization of graphene oxide and Au Nanorod composite and application of GO/AuNR modified electrode for uric acid detection.
Fluorescent polymer films based on photo-induced electron transfer for visualizing water
Authors: Miho Saori , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: September 2022

Photo-induced electron transfer (PET)-type fluorescent polymer films based on a fluorescence enhancement system have been prepared as one of the most promising and convenient functional dye materials for visualizing moisture and water droplets.
A computational protocol for the calculation of the standard reduction potential of iron complexes: application to Fe2+/3+-Aβ model systems relevant to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Orjuela Adrián L. , Núñez-Zarur Francisco , Alí-Torres Jorge
Published: September 2022

Iron complexes play a key role in the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. We provide a computational protocol based on DFT for the calculation of standard reduction potentials of iron complexes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
Evaluating the effects of OH-groups on the Ni surface on low-temperature steam reforming in an electric field
Authors: Nagakawa Kaho , Sampei Hiroshi , Takahashi Ayako , Sasaki Jun , Higo Takuma , Mori Naoya , Sato Hideto , Sekine Yasushi
Published: September 2022

The effect of OH-groups on the surface of a Ni catalyst for low-temperature (473 K) steam reforming of methane in an electric field (EF) was investigated.
New dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Kadsura induta with their anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Tai Bui Huu , Yen Pham Hai , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Dung Nguyen Viet , Van Thanh Bui , Cuong Nguyen The , Bang Ngo Anh , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: September 2022

Five new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from the stems of Kadsura induta. Their anti-inflammatory activities were studied by molecular docking and inhibition of NO production in LPS activated-RAW264.7 cells.
Correction: Mixing and flow-induced nanoprecipitation for morphology control of silk fibroin self-assembly
Authors: Matthew Saphia A. L. , Rezwan Refaya , Kaewchuchuen Jirada , Perrie Yvonne , Seib F. Philipp
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Mixing and flow-induced nanoprecipitation for morphology control of silk fibroin self-assembly’ by Saphia A. L. Matthew et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 7357–7373. https://doi.org/10.2039/D1RA07764C.
Rational designviadual-site aliovalent substitution leads to an outstanding IR nonlinear optical material with well-balanced comprehensive properties
Authors: Yang He-Di , Ran Mao-Yin , Zhou Sheng-Hua , Wu Xin-Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: September 2022

A new promising IR-NLO material SrCdSiS4with a 2D layered structure has been designedviaa dual-site isovalent substitution strategy. Remarkably, it is the first report on an alkaline-earth metal-based IR-NLO material that breaks through the wall ofEg> 3.5 eV anddeff> 1 × AgGaS2.
Binder-free Mn–V–Sn oxyhydroxide decorated with metallic Sn as an earth-abundant supercapattery electrode for intensified energy storage
Authors: Ghanem Loujain G. , Taha Manar M. , Salama Mohamed , Allam Nageh K.
Published: September 2022

The integration of battery and capacitor merits into one device would achieve the best energy storage performance.
Discontinuous Galerkin discretization in time of systems of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations
Authors: Shao Aili
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study the finite element approximation of systems of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations. The proposed numerical method combines ahp-version discontinuous Galerkin finite element approximation in the time direction with anH1(Ω)-conforming finite element approximation in the spatial variables. Error bounds at the temporal nodal points are derived under a weak restriction on the temporal step size in terms of the spatial mesh size. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical results.
Efficient computation of the Wright function and its applications to fractional diffusion-wave equations
Authors: Aceto Lidia , Durastante Fabio
Published: September 2022

In this article, we deal with the efficient computation of the Wright function in the cases of interest for the expression of solutions of some fractional differential equations. The proposed algorithm is based on the inversion of the Laplace transform of a particular expression of the Wright function for which we discuss in detail the error analysis. We also present a code package that implements the algorithm proposed here in different programming languages. The analysis and implementation are accompanied by an extensive set of numerical experiments that validate both the theoretical estimates of the error and the applicability of the proposed method for representing the solutions of fractional differential equations.
A cutFEM divergence–free discretization for the stokes problem
Authors: Liu Haoran , Neilan Michael , Olshanskii Maxim
Published: September 2022

We construct and analyze a CutFEM discretization for the Stokes problem based on the Scott–Vogelius pair. The discrete piecewise polynomial spaces are defined on macro-element triangulations which are not fitted to the smooth physical domain. Boundary conditions are imposed via penalization through the help of a Nitsche-type discretization, whereas stability with respect to small and anisotropic cuts of the bulk elements is ensured by adding local ghost penalty stabilization terms. We show stability of the scheme as well as a divergence–free property of the discrete velocity outside an O(h) neighborhood of the boundary. To mitigate the error caused by the violation of the divergence–free condition, we introduce local grad–div stabilization. The error analysis shows that the grad–div parameter can scale like O(h−1), allowing a rather heavy penalty for the violation of mass conservation, while still ensuring optimal order error estimates.
Impact of remanufacturing optimism on competitive quality choice and product-design strategy
Authors: Cheng Fei , Chen Tong , Jing Xiaodong , Shen Yuting
Published: September 2022

Research has shown that managers typically display optimistic expectations for the future. In a competitive market, remanufacturers may overestimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for remanufactured products. We develop a game-theoretic model of competition between an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and an independent remanufacturer (IR), where the OEM determines interchangeability in product design, and the IR may have an optimistic bias about remanufacturing market demand and adopt different quality strategies. We find that the OEM is always strategic about the interchangeability design of its products. Interestingly, remanufacturing optimism triggers more significant changes in the degree of interchangeability. In some cases, the IR’s optimistic bias can lead to a win–win outcome for both firms. In addition, we find that a moderate increase in the quality of remanufactured products alleviates the weak situation in consumer quality perception. But when the WTP of remanufactured products is generally low, it is more profitable for the optimistic IR to keep the quality of remanufactured products equivalent to new products than to blindly upgrade the product quality. Our findings suggest that applying bounded rationality to issues in remanufacturing may yield new insights into the determinants of product design and quality management.
Neurorehabilitation in Australien
Authors: Williams Gavin
Published: September 2022

Die neurologische Rehabilitation und die physiotherapeutische Praxis haben sich
in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark verändert. Einige dieser
Veränderungen sind auf Ressourcen und Finanzierung
zurückzuführen, andere sind das direkte Ergebnis von
Forschungsergebnissen und den darauffolgenden Programmen zur Wissensumsetzung
und -implementierung. Die neurologische Physiotherapie hat sich wohl mehr
verändert als jeder andere Bereich der Physiotherapie.
Botulinum-Neurotoxin (BoNT-A) hat die Behandlung von Spastizität
revolutioniert, und Krafttraining ist für viele Menschen mit
neurologischen Erkrankungen zu einem zentralen Bestandteil der Therapieprogramme
geworden, was vor 30 Jahren noch nicht vorstellbar war. In diesem Beitrag werden
die neurologische Physiotherapie und Rehabilitation in Australien, die aktuellen
Herausforderungen und die zukünftigen Richtungen diskutiert.
Neurorehabilitation in den USA – Interview mit Professor T.
George Hornby
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: September 2022

Professor T. George Hornby ist Physiotherapeut und arbeitet seit vielen Jahren in der klinischen
Forschung, unter anderem zum Training von Patienten nach Schlaganfall. Eines seiner
Forschungsthemen in der neurologischen Rehabilitation ist das Gehtraining für Patienten in
verschiedenen Phasen nach Schlaganfall mit leichten bis moderaten Gangstörungen.
Neurorehabilitation in Japan – Interview mit Dr. Yusuke
Hayashi
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: September 2022

Dr. Yusuke Hayashi arbeitet als Physiotherapeut in der klinischen Praxis und
Forschung an einer Universitätsklinik in Tokio. Sein Thema in der
neurologischen Rehabilitation ist das spezifische Gehtraining für akute
Schlaganfallpatienten mit schwerer Gangstörung.
Impacts of wind power policies on the total factor productivity of the Chinese wind power industry
Authors: Jiang Zihao , Shi Jiarong
Published: September 2022

Wind power has been treated as a strategic choice to decarbonize the Chinese electricity market, so the Chinese government has introduced various policies to improve the wind power industry's total factor productivity (TFP). However, the impacts of policies and their mixes on TFP are still unclear. In addition, the Chinese wind power industry is supervised and regulated by several agencies, so assessing and comparing the effectiveness of policies from different agencies is also an urgent task. This study evaluates the impacts of different categories of policies and their mixes on the TFP of the Chinese wind power industry based on micro-data from the listed Chinese wind power enterprises from 2006 to 2020. The heterogeneity in policy effectiveness is probed with respect to the policy-issuing agencies. The empirical results indicate that economic, regulatory, and soft policies and their mixes significantly facilitate the TFP. Further analysis suggests that the policies of the National People's Congress and the State Council have no significant effect, while the policies of the State Council's departments can significantly improve the TFP of the wind power industry in China.
Study on the formation of alligator crack and edge crack in high silicon grain oriented electrical steel during cold rolling
Authors: Jain Vipul , Patra Sudipta , Halder Chandan , Hasan Sk. Md. , Ghosh Abhijit
Published: September 2022

Production of a thin cold rolled sheet of high silicon electrical steel is industrially challenging as it is associated with the formation of different types of cracks. The present study investigates the role of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and analytical stress state on the formation of alligator crack and edge crack during cold rolling of Fe-3.78 wt. % Si electrical steel. Owing to high strain incompatibility, alligator crack initiates from shear bands, which develops during cold rolling. Furthermore, the large difference in Taylor factors of {111}⟨110⟩ and {001}⟨110⟩ oriented grains assisted the crack to follow the hot band interface. Stress analysis based on the finite element method indicates that minor tensile stress in the normal direction develops during the exit stage of cold rolling. This tensile stress has been found to be sufficient to cause cleavage fracture during the last step of alligatoring. The crack propagation is assisted by the large size and favorable orientation of θ-fiber (ND||⟨001⟩) textured grains. On the other hand, the finite element method-based analysis suggests that high tensile stress at the edges during steady state condition initiates the cleavage edge crack, which propagates inward along the transverse direction during the final exit stage. Intermediate annealing and hot band annealing were found to be effective in eliminating the formation of alligator crack and edge crack, respectively.
Numerical study of flow separation control over a circular hump using synthetic jet actuators
Authors: Ja’fari Mohammad , Jaworski Artur J. , Rona Aldo
Published: September 2022

This study deals with the wall resolved Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation of boundary layer flow separation over a circular hump model and its active control. An array of Synthetic Jet Actuators (SJAs) is implemented in the hump model to introduce a train of vortex rings into the boundary layer to control flow separation. The OpenFOAM solver is used to numerically simulate and analyze the fluid flow using the k–ω shear stress transport model. Hot wire anemometry and particle image velocimetry measurements are carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the URANS technique as well as the effectiveness of SJAs by comparing numerical predictions to experimental data. The time-averaged results are in a good agreement with experimental results and demonstrate a successful application of SJAs to delay the flow separation by the interactions of vortical structures with the separated shear flow. The three-dimensional simulation also reveals that near wall coherent flow structures (streamwise and spanwise vortices) are responsible for the wall shear stress components. The results can be used to better understand the performance of SJAs and to further improve future actuator configurations.
RF with linearity and non-linearity parameter analysis of gate all around negative capacitance junction less FET (GAA-NC-JLFET) for different ferroelectric thickness
Authors: Raut Pratikhya , Nanda Umakanta , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: September 2022

A novel Gate All Around Negative Capacitance Junction less FET (GAA-NC-JLFET) is proposed in this work, where different RF/Analog, Linear, and Non-linear parameters were investigated for different ferroelectric thickness in depth. The simulation result is calibrated with the available experimental data from literature. Adding a layer of ferroelectric material to a JLFET is a good means of decreasing short channel effects when compared to typical GAA JLFETs. The effect of ferroelectric layer thickness on DC parameters such as drain current (IDS), subthreshold swing (SS), threshold voltage (Vth), and Ion/Ioff as well as linear parameters such as transconductance coefficients (gm2 and gm3), voltage intercept points (VIP2 and VIP3), and input intercept point (IIP3) have been studied. Furthermore, this paper investigates non-linearity parameters such as harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion in relation to various ferroelectric thicknesses. The TCAD device simulator was extensively used to conduct this analysis, and the results revealed that increasing the ferroelectric layer resulted in a significant improvement in the values of RF and linear parameters, as well as a decrease in the values of non-linearity parameter values, resulting in an increase in the device’s linearity, which can be used in wide range of RFIC applications.
Cosmology in Painlevé-Gullstrand coordinates
Authors: Gaur Rudeep , Visser Matt
Published: September 2022

Cosmology is most typically analyzed using standard co-moving coordinates, in which the
galaxies are (on average, up to presumably small peculiar velocities) “at rest”, while “space”
is expanding. But this is merely a specific coordinate choice; and it is important to realise that
for certain purposes other, (sometimes radically, different) coordinate choices might also
prove useful and informative, but without changing the underlying physics. Specifically, herein
we shall consider the k= 0 spatially flat FLRW cosmology but in Painlevé-Gullstrand
coordinates — these coordinates are very explicitly not co-moving: “space” is now no
longer expanding, although the distance between galaxies is still certainly increasing. Working
in these Painlevé-Gullstrand coordinates provides an alternate viewpoint on standard cosmology,
and the symmetries thereof, and also makes it somewhat easier to handle cosmological horizons.
With a longer view, we hope that investigating these Painlevé-Gullstrand coordinates might
eventually provide a better framework for understanding large deviations from idealized FLRW
spacetimes. We illustrate these issues with a careful look at the Kottler and McVittie spacetimes.
Saturated absorption technique used in potassium microcells for magnetic field sensing
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Momier Rodolphe , Leroy Claude , Sarkisyan David
Published: September 2022

It is demonstrated that the use of a micrometric thin 39K vapor cell (MTC) and saturated absorption (SA) spectroscopy allows the formation of narrow atomic lines in the transmission spectrum without unwanted cross-over resonances. Another important feature is the small characteristic magnetic field value

B
0

=

A

h
f

/

μ
B

of 39K, significantly smaller than for Rb and Cs. As a consequence, decoupling of J and I can be observed at relatively low magnetic fields ∼300 G, which results in the formation of two groups of four spectrally-resolved and equidistantly-positioned atomic transitions having the same amplitude (each group corresponds to a given circular polarization

σ
±

) which we record using a simple experimental setup with a linearly polarized tunable diode-laser and a longitudinal magnetic field obtained with two permanent magnets. Fabrication of a MTC is much easier than the fabrication of the 39K nanocells used in our previous works. A simple method to determine the magnitude of a wide range of B-fields with a spatial resolution of 30 µm is presented, which is intrinsically calibrated and does not require a frequency reference.
One-dimensional

PT

-symmetric acoustic heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Hai-Xiao , Xiong Wei , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiao-Jun
Published: September 2022

The explorations of parity–time (

P
T

)-symmetric acoustics have resided at the frontier in physics, and the pre-existing accessing of exceptional points typically depends on Fabry–Perot resonances of the coupling interlayer sandwiched between balanced gain and loss components. Nevertheless, the concise

P
T

-symmetric acoustic heterostructure, eliminating extra interactions caused by the interlayer, has not been researched in depth. Here we derive the generalized unitary relation for one-dimensional (1D)

P
T

-symmetric heterostructure of arbitrary complexity, and demonstrate four disparate patterns of anisotropic transmission resonances (ATRs) accompanied by corresponding spontaneous phase transitions. As a special case of ATR, the occasional bidirectional transmission resonance reconsolidates the ATR frequencies that split when waves incident from opposite directions, whose spatial profiles distinguish from a unitary structure. The derived theoretical relation can serve as a predominant signature for the presence of

P
T

symmetry and

P
T

-symmetry-breaking transition, which may provide substantial support for the development of prototype devices with asymmetric acoustic responses.
Forward-wave enhanced radiation in the terahertz electron cyclotron maser
Authors: Gao Zi-Chao , Du Chao-Hai , Li Fan-Hong , Zhang Zi-Wen , Li Si-Qi , Liu Pu-Kun
Published: September 2022

Based on the principle of electron cyclotron maser (ECM), gyrotrons are among the most promising devices to generate powerful coherent terahertz (THz) radiation and play a vital role in numerous advanced THz applications. Unfortunately, THz ECM systems using a conventional high-Q cavity were theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to suffer from strong ohmic losses, and, accordingly, the wave output efficiency was significantly reduced. A scheme to alleviate such a challenging problem is systematically investigated in this paper. The traveling-wave operation concept is employed in a 1-THz third harmonic gyrotron oscillator, which strengthens electron-wave interaction efficiency and reduces the ohmic dissipation, simultaneously. A lossy belt is added in the interaction circuit to stably constitute the traveling-wave interaction, and a down-tapered magnetic field is employed to further amplify the forward-wave (FW) component. The results demonstrate that the proportion of ohmic losses is nearly halved, and output efficiency is nearly doubled, which is promising for further advancement of high-power continuous-wave operation of the ECM-based devices.
Review of a direct epitaxial approach to achieving micro–LEDs
Authors: Cai Yuefei , Bai Jie , Wang Tao
Published: September 2022

There is a significantly increasing demand of developing augmented reality and virtual reality (AR and VR) devices, where micro-LEDs (μLEDs) with a dimension of ≤ 5 μm are the key elements. Typically, μLEDs are fabricated by dry-etching technologies, unavoidably leading to a severe degradation in optical performance as a result of dry-etching induced damages. This becomes a particularly severe issue when the dimension of LEDs is ≤ 10 μm. In order to address the fundamental challenge, the Sheffield team has proposed and then developed a direct epitaxial approach to achieving μLEDs, where the dry-etching technologies for the formation of μLED mesas are not needed anymore. This paper provides a review on this technology and then demonstrates a number of monolithically integrated devices on a single chip using this technology.
Quantum control of ultrafast magnetic field in

H32+

molecules by tricircular polarized laser pulses
Authors: Xu Qing-Yun , He Yong-Lin , Yang Zhi-Jie , Lei Zhi-Xian , Yan Shu-Juan , Liu Xue-Shen , Guo Jing
Published: September 2022

We present a scheme to control the generated ultrafast magnetic field in

H
3

2
+

molecules using multi-frequency tricircular pulses composed of co- and counter-rotating bicircular pulses. Simulations show that the field amplitude and the wavelength are two significant factors for magnetic field generation by tricircular pulses. Specifically, the strength of the magnetic field is linearly related to the field amplitude at λ
0 = 50 nm, while at λ
0 = 70 nm, the strength first increases and then decreases with the amplitude, this can be attributed to the resonance between the ground and excited states. Moreover, the phase and helicity of bicircular pulses are shown to have important effects on the magnetic field. The dependence of the magnetic field on the phase arises from the interference effect between multiple ionization pathways. These findings illustrate a guiding principle for controlling the magnetic field in molecular systems for future research in ultrafast magneto-optics.
Bound on Lyapunov exponent in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black holes*
Authors: Yu Chengye , Chen Deyou , Gao Chuanhong
Published: September 2022

In this study, we investigate the influence of the angular momentum of a charged particle around non-extremal and extremal Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black holes on the Lyapunov exponent. The angular momentum's ranges and spatial regions where the bound of the exponent is violated are found for certain values of the rotation parameter and dilatonic constant of the black holes. This violation always exists when the rotation parameter is large enough and the rotation direction of the particle is opposite to that of the black holes. The spatial region outside the extremal black hole of the violation is relatively large. In the near-horizon regions of the extremal black holes, the violation depends on the rotation directions of the black holes and particles and not depend on the value of the angular momentum.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Studies for Two Magnetic-activity Contact Binaries: V724 And and QR Com
Authors: Wang Shuang , Meichel Raúl , Yuan Huiyu , Yang Yuangui
Published: September 2022

We presented new CCD photometry for two contact binaries, V724 And and QR Com, which were observed during the 2020–2022 observing seasons. By using the Wilson–Devinney method, the photometric solutions were deduced from new observed data and TESS ones. Their asymmetric light curves were modeled by a dark spot on the more massive component. Results indicate that the starspot may immigrate or disappear on the surface of the active component. From the TESS observations of QR Com, it is discovered that the difference between light maxima exhibits a 29.5 day oscillation, which implies the continuous evolution of spot feathers on the timescale of several weeks. Their mass ratio and fill-out factor are q = 2.308 and f = 11.55% for V724 And, and q = 0.624 and f = 12.77% for QR Com, respectively. From the (O–C) curve, the orbital period secularly decrease at a rate of dP/dt = −1.66 × 10−7 day yr−1 for V724 And and dP/dt = −3.98 × 10−7 day yr−1 for QR Com, which was interpreted by mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive one. With period decreasing, this kind of shallow-contact binaries, V724 And and QR Com, will evolve into the deep-contact configurations.
Interaction between disclinated non-equilibrium grain boundaries and radiation-induced interstitial/vacancy in tungsten
Authors: Zhou Zhenzhong , Xie Hongxian , Lu Guang-Hong
Published: September 2022

Experimental works show that there are plenty of disclinated non-equilibrium grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline materials obtained by the severe plastic deformation method. How these GBs affect the irradiation-induced defects is still an open question. In the present work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the interaction between disclinated non-equilibrium GBs and irradiation-induced interstitial/vacancy in tungsten. There exists a long-range stress field around the disclinated non-equilibrium GBs. Such a long-range stress field leads to strong interaction between interstitial/vacancy and the GB. The interaction energy calculations suggest that interstitial and vacancy can be attracted strongly by non-equilibrium GBs containing negative and positive disclinations, respectively. This unique interaction behavior is further confirmed by diffusion of interstitials/vacancies near these GBs. The present work clearly demonstrates that disclinated non-equilibrium GBs are stronger irradiation-induced defect sinks than their equilibrium counterparts. So increasing the proportion of disclinated non-equilibrium GBs may be an effective way to develop new-generation irradiation-resistant materials.
Extensive air shower tracker using Cherenkov detection
Authors: Leach S.A. , Lapington J.S.
Published: September 2022

Cosmic rays continuously bombard Earth’s atmosphere triggering cascades of secondary particles. Many constituents progress to reach the surface and capturing these events can intrigue and awe young curious minds, opening them to the amazing world of physics. Cloud chambers are an established method of revealing the subatomic world; frequently used by universities to introduce cosmic rays to visitors and prospective students, they provide a fascinating real-time display of the ‘ghostly’ particles showering upon those viewing.

Using the Cherenkov radiation detection technique, we have developed a novel, compact, Extensive Air Shower (EAS) particle tracking method that enhances the cloud chamber visualisation of cosmic ray interactions towards a digital audience. Once digital, live event interaction can be streamed to multiple display devices presenting an immediate illustration of the event that showered in that location.

Our instrument hardware is built around Cherenkov-optimised silicon photomultiplier sensors. Each single detection unit monitors particle event rate and tracks incident angle by measuring Cherenkov intensity. By operating multiple detection units in one location, we can record time correlated air shower events to monitor and collate information on the primary cosmic rays.

We introduce first results, illustrating instrument response and EAS rate variations, compiled from the initial running period of our development instruments. We present intensity spectra, compare with simulation, and describe the instrument response due to sensor location, Cherenkov intensity, mean muon energy and detector acceptance angle.

With further development towards low-cost readout electronics, we aim to build a networked array of trackers, located around the campus, to expand data gathering ability and scientific potential.
A novel time-domain fitting method for estimating Fricke-Morse model parameters
based on single-frequency sinusoidal complete response measurements
Authors: Zhang F. , Liu F. , Zhong H. , Li J. , Lin H. , Yang Y.
Published: September 2022

Fricke-Morse model is a widely-used 2R-1C equivalent circuit for electrical bioimpedance (EBI) analysis, whose model parameters are usually fitted in multi-frequency (MF) EBI
measurements. This paper proposes a novel time-domain fitting method on estimation of the model
parameters in single-frequency (SF) sinusoidal complete response (SCR) (the combination of initial
transient and steady-state response) measurements. The analytical expressions of the model
parameters are firstly deduced based on SCR analysis. Then a time-domain least square iterative
optimization algorithm is developed to fit the model parameters, in which the analytical model
expressions are calculated as the iterative initial values. Experimental measurements conducted
on a 2R-1C circuit and the biceps brachii of a healthy volunteer in SF-SCR measurements show the
mean difference less than 1% and 5%, respectively, compared to the results estimated using a
commercial EBI device in reference MF-EBI measurements. The proposed SF-SCR method provides an
alternative to EBI analysis, which could greatly simplify the hardware design and thus
significantly reduce the equipment cost compared to the traditional MF-EBI method.
The role of third-party audits in ensuring producer compliance with the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system
Authors: Bishop K J , Carlson K M
Published: September 2022

Certification systems for sustainable agricultural commodities typically rely on auditors to verify that producers comply with environmental, social, and legal standards. In the oil palm industry, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system promises to address core sectoral sustainability concerns—including deforestation, fire, biodiversity loss, peatland drainage, forced labor, and land tenure conflict—by applying third-party audits to large-scale oil palm growers. Audits are designed to detect noncompliances with the standard, and to ensure that growers resolve these nonconformities. Yet, the role of RSPO audits in generating additionality across key sustainability issues remains unclear. Here, we compiled and analyzed data from a timeseries of annual audit reports for two-thirds of all certified oil palm growers in Indonesia as of December 2015 (n = 114 certified growers and 262 reports). We found that certified growers were required to address a median of four noncompliances per audit (range 0–37), with more noncompliances detected at initial certification than during subsequent audits. Certification demanded the most changes under our thematic areas of Waste & Pollution (9% of all noncompliances) and Employment (7%) and the least changes in Fire (<1%) and Corporate Social Responsibility programs (<1%). Thus, while many RSPO certified growers make real changes to achieve certification, these changes do not always address core sectoral performance concerns. Regression analysis indicated that RSPO member and certification body were significantly correlated with noncompliance frequency. This suggests that each member has a different cost of compliance and indicates heterogeneous stringency of standard application by certification bodies. We recommend that future research evaluate how post-2015 changes in RSPO assurance processes have interacted with a more robust and comprehensive certification standard to alter the additionality from third-party audits.
Comparing simulated and experimental spectral line splitting in visible spectroscopy diagnostics in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: WU Jing , DU Yongqin , CHEN Peng , ZHOU Hangyu , HOU Yumei , YAO Lieming
Published: September 2022

We established the passive-visible spectroscopy diagnostics (P-VSD) and active-VSD (A-VSD) spectral splitting models for the HL-2A tokamak. Spectral splitting due to the influence of electromagnetic fields on the spectra in VSD is studied. Zeeman splitting induced by the magnetic field (
B
) is used to distinguish reflected light overlap in the divertor for P-VSD. Stark splitting caused by the Lorentz electric field (
E

Lorentz) from the neutral beam injection particle’s interaction with the magnetic field (
V

beam×
B
) is used to measure the safety factor q profile for A-VSD. We give a comparison and error analysis by fitting the experimental spectra with the simulation results. The distinguishing of edge (scrape-off layer and divertor) hydrogen/deuterium spectral lines and the q profile derived from the spectra provides a reference for HL-2M VSD.