bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I. Howard Marshall’s Luke: Historian and Theologian
Authors: Strauss Mark L.
Published: August 2022

I. H. Marshall’s Luke: Historian and Theologian was a relatively short volume published in 1970. It was written primarily to respond to Hans Conzelmann’s book, Die Mitte der Zeit (‘The Middle of Time’), which claimed that the author of Luke-Acts redacted his sources to respond to the crisis provoked by the delay of the parousia in the church of his day. While Marshall’s work had a relatively narrow focus, it had a surprisingly significant impact, not only defending the historicity of Luke-Act but also introducing evangelical readers to redaction criticism and the theological purposes of the Evangelists. Fifty years after its original publication, we survey the book’s contents and reflect on its impact for evangelical scholarship and New Testament studies in general.
First description of males of Ensiferothrips wallacei Mound & Tree (Thripidae: Dendrothripinae) with variation in fore wing setae
Authors: LI SHENLEI , SONG ZHENDONG , CHENG FENGXIAN , MAO RUNQIAN , WANG ZHAOHONG
Published: August 2022

The genus Ensiferothrips now includes four described species, it is similar to Dendrothrips in the structure of the abdominal tergites and hind coxae, also the position of the fore wing cilia, but the wing apex bears a stout seta, and the costal setae are very stout. It was originally known from New Caledonia based on a single species, E. primus Bianchi, but subsequently E. secundus Mound was described from Lord Howe Island on Smilax australis [Smilacaceae](Mound 1999). More recently, Mound and Tree (2016) described two further species, E. lamingtoni from Queensland, Australia on Quintinia sieberi [Grossulariaceae] and E. wallacei from Indonesia without host plant information. A single specimen of the later species has also been recorded from Hainan, China (Zhang et al. 2018). The genus is clearly tropical in distribution, from south China to northern Australia, revealing the strong connection between south China, southeast Asia and northern Australia. Little biological information is known of these species, though they seem to live on hard mature leaves (Mound & Tree 2020). In this study, a series of specimens of E. wallacei was found from Hainan on Smilax sp. The first description of the male of this species is presented here, together with interesting variation in the chaetotaxy of the fore wings.
Dual Solution of Sisko Nanofluid Flow with Gyrotactic Microorganisms Over Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in Non-Darcy Porous Medium
Authors: Sangeetha E. , De Poulomi
Published: August 2022

The objective of this paper is to determine the dual solution of bioconvection Sisko nanofluid flow comprising gyrotactic micro-organism enclosed in a porous medium. The flow analysis is incorporated with the presence of Darcy–Forchhemier inertia effect, chemical reaction and
magnetohydrodynamic flow over a non-linear stretching sheet. With regard to these assumptions the regulating non-linear partial differential equations for the fluid flow are drafted and turned into ordinary differential equations by means of relevant similarity transformation. Fifth order
Runge–Kutta Felhberg method with shooting technique is applied to obtain numerical solution of the transformed ordinary differential equations. Graphs are sketched out to observe and interpret variation in velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration and density of micro-organism
profiles for respective determining factors. Comparison of the obtained results for local Nusselt number with Prandtl number reveals commendable agreement with earlier reported results. Bioconvection Lewis number, Prandtl number, Peclet number and microorganism difference parameter for escalating
values discloses a declining behaviour of motile micro-organism density distribution.
Casson-Nano-Magneto Hydrodynamics Boundary Layer Fluid Flow Towards a Stretching Sheet Including the Effects of Cross Diffusion, Velocity and Thermal Wall Slips
Authors: Chandrasekhar B. , Subba Lakshmi B. , Chenna Krishna Reddy M.
Published: August 2022

In the occurrence of velocity, thermal wall slip, cross-diffusion belongings (thermal diffusion also thermal diffusion), the possessions of Thermophoresis & Brownian action on the magneto hydro dynamic border coating of Casson-nano fluids in the direction of the stretched layer
are studied through numerical solutions. The diffusion thermo effect is added to the energy equation, and the thermal diffusion effect is introduced into the concentration equation. Use similar values to convert the basic flow control equations hooked on ordinary standard differential calculations,
& then use the Runge-Kutta method to numerically solve them based on these basic equations. The influence of many technical factors can be determined from these basic equations. Using these basic equations, imaging techniques were worn to learn the influence of a variety of technical factors
on various flow variables (such as the velocity, temperature, concentration, & concentration sharing of nanoparticles). In addition, the numerical form also shows the quantity related to the flow factor, such as surface friction, Nusselt number & Sherwood number. Finally, the numerical
results attained are compared, and they are completely consistent through the published results in the literature. The experimental results show that as the magnetic field and casson fluid parameters are increased, the velocity profiles decrease. With increasing effects of Thermophoresis and
Brownian motion, the temperature profiles are increase. As the values of Dufour number increases, the temperature profiles are also increases. An expansion of the Thermophoresis parameter leads to increased nanoparticle volume concentration distribution and the reverse effect is detected in
case of Brownian motion effect. With increasing values of the Soret number parameter, the concentration profiles increase.
Entropy Optimization and Heat Transfer Analysis of Magneto-Bioconvective Powell Eyring Nanofluid with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction Over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Mondal Surya Kanta , Pal Dulal
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the entropy generation in the bioconvection of Powell Eyring nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms over a convectively stretching sheet. The influences of magnetohydrodynamic forces, nonlinear thermal radiation effects, chemical reactions of species
in a Powell Eyring nanofluid flow are analyzed. Motile microorganisms are added along with nanoparticles in the Powell Eyring base fluid for the prevention of nanoparticles agglomeration and to stabilize the nanoparticles in the suspension. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations
along with boundary conditions are solved numerically after these equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformation. The results are compared with previously published research papers. The impact of significant physical
and bioconvection parameters on the profile of nanofluid velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, the density of motile microorganisms, and entropy generation are analyzed graphically. It is noticed that the velocity profile increases by increasing the values of the Powell Eyring
fluid parameter. The incidence of nanoparticles in Powell Eyring nanofluid decreases the nanoparticle concentration due to an increase in the value of the chemical reaction parameter and Lewis number. Also, the profile of entropy generation increases as the values of Br, γ1,
and γ2 are increased.
Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers Performance Using Water Based Nanofluids
Authors: Alsahil Muath I. , Oreijah Mowffaq M. , Mohamed Mohamed H.
Published: August 2022

The heat transfer performance of base fluids is greatly improved with suspended nanoparticles in a variety of applications such as solar collectors, heat pipes, nuclear reactors, cooling systems, automotive radiators, and more. In the present paper, the problem of flow of nanofluids
with forced convection is studied in detail in three cases, under constant mass flow rates (Case 1), under optimized mass flow rates with two different geometric configuration scenarios of the heat exchangers, N-shaped pipe heat exchanger (Case 2) and M-shaped pipe heat exchanger (Case 3).
Numerical results in the previous works, as obtained for water–Al2O3 mixture, have been demonstrated that of nanoparticles into the base fluids fluid led to a significant increase of the heat transfer coefficient, which clearly increases with an increase in particle
concentration. However, those particals also caused drastic effects on the wall shear stress that increases correspondingly with the particle loading. Therefore, in the current study the full performance of the different heat exchanger designs will be investigated numerically under the effect
of different particle concentrations and different nano materials such as Al2O3, CuO, TiO2 and SiO2. Additionally, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) single-phase model is adopted for predicting the heat transfer performance in fluent using ANSYS.
Therefore, the results show enhancement in heat transfer for the heat exchanger is due to increased volume fraction, and a direct correlation between overall heat transfer effectiveness and volume fraction percentage of nanofluids, while CuO was proven most effective amongst considered nano
particles. Besides, adjusting the geometry into an M-shaped pipe had resulted in an enhanced heat transfer effectiveness.
Ramping Wall Boundary Analysis of Buoyant-Driven Convection Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Flow of B–H2O and Al2O3–H2O Nanofluid Past Vertical Edge in a Porous Zone
Authors: Kayalvizhi J. , Vijaya Kumar A. G.
Published: August 2022

An analysis is explored to study ramping wall velocity, temperature and concentration as well as isothermal case of a nanofluid flow, suspended boron and aluminium oxide nanoparticles in the seawater at 20°celcius influenced by magnetic and gravitational forces in a semi-infinite
flow region using integral transform method. Thermal radiation and heat injection/suction are also investigated. Rosseland’s approximation is used for radiative heat flow in the energy equation, whereas Bousinessq’s approach is used in the momentum equation. Fluid temperature,
species concentration, and transport are solved using Heaviside, exponential and complementary error functions; friction drag, heat and mass transfer rates are solved using Gaussian error functions. Temperature, transport and species concentration are graphically exhibited while the numerical
calculations have been carried out for friction drag, rate of heat transmission and Sherwood number are performed for both the ramped wall and isothermal cases, and the effects of emerging parameters are tabulated and discussed. Higher radiation parameters lead to an increase in fluid temperature.
The velocity boundary layer is lowered by the magnetic field and porous media parameters. The Nusselt number drops as Prandtl number, radiation parameter and volume fraction grows for both ramping and isothermal situations, whereas increases when time and heat source parameter increases.
Unsteady Radiative Flow of Particular Nanoliquids Along an Infinite Vertical Flat Plate in the Proximity of Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , Rami Reddy P. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: August 2022

In this article, the heat transfer and flow pattern characteristics are restudied in the proximity of convective boundary condition for three kinds of nanoliquids, namely copper oxide-water nanoliquid (CuO–H2O), silverwater nanoliquid (Ag–H2O), and titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid (TiO2–H2O). The thermal radiation impact is assumed into account. The partial differential equations are shifted into ordinary differential equations by applying an acceptable transformation and then exact solutions are acquired by promoting the Laplace transform technique. Solid volume fraction is fluctuated as 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The variations of nanoliquid motion and energy transmit are displayed graphically as well as the numerical values of friction factor and rate of heat transfer at the plate are displayed in tabular pattern. In particular, the least shear stress occurs for silverwater nanoliquid and the greatest shear stress occurs for titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid as well as the least heat transfer coefficient occurs for titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid and the greatest heat transfer coefficient occurs for copper oxide-water nanoliquid. This report can be further utilized to authenticate the effectiveness of acquired mathematical results for another sophisticated nanoliquid stream problems.
Mass Diffusion Effect on Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) Unsteady Free Convective Flow with Viscous Dissipation and Radiation Absorption
Authors: Vijayakumari P. , Venkata Ramana K. , Gangadhar Kotha , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: August 2022

The current research analyzed unsteady viscous dissipation, comprehensive radiation absorption consequence on hydrodynamic free-convective movement on perpendicular porous plate beyond chemical reaction and heat generation. Doufour effect is also introduced to solve utilizing multiple
perturbation law momentum, heat and mass fields of outcome are inspected through pertinent parameters. Doufour consequence and comprehensive thermal radiation enhances it tends to enhance in duel temperature. Skinfriction, Nusselt number is diminished when enhancing Prandtl number. Skinfriction,
Sherwood number and Nusselt number are examined.
The changing ethno-racial profile of ‘very walkable’ urban neighbourhoods in the US (2010–2020): Are minorities under-represented?
Authors: Bereitschaft Bradley
Published: August 2022

Neighbourhood walkability has increasingly been viewed as an amenity that may confer substantial health, social and economic benefits. As walkable neighbourhoods become increasingly desirable, there is concern that disadvantaged groups – particularly lower-income and minority households – may be displaced or excluded from these spaces. This investigation assesses whether minorities, and Black residents in particular, are increasingly under-represented in urban neighbourhoods with high walkability by examining demographic changes between 2010 and 2020 across approximately 43,000 urban census tracts. The results suggest a negative association between Black and ‘other’ non-White residents and neighbourhood walkability when controlling for confounding factors. Blacks were also the only major ethno-racial group to decline in absolute number within the nation’s most walkable (i.e. Walk Score®≥90) urban neighbourhoods between 2010 and 2020. Implications for social equity and justice are discussed.
The role of associational life in the development of social capital: Theoretical considerations for Christian NGOs engaged in development initiatives
Authors: Huang Lindsey A.
Published: August 2022

Relying on social science and missiological research, the purpose of this article is to discuss theoretical considerations of associational life as a strategy of Christian NGOs involved in development initiatives in majority-world countries. Research has revealed the unintended consequences of NGOs as well as the complexity of local community dynamics where NGOs work. It is also well known that religion plays an important role in the functioning of society. Therefore, while Christian NGOs working in majority-world countries are not immune from the same challenges as secular NGOs, by recognizing and understanding the value of religion, Christian NGOs may be better equipped than their secular counterparts to incorporate this aspect of social life into their development activities.
Can the State Take the Burden? Implementation of Policies to Increase Elderly Enrollment in SNAP
Authors: Negoita Marian , Levin Madeleine , Paprocki Anne
Published: August 2022

Extant literature has emphasized the role of significant inconveniences for participants as a chief reason for under-enrollment in a variety of social safety net programs. Consequently, a variety of policies have been proposed to address this issue. This paper asserts that the capacity of states, especially of frontline workers, to implement these policies should not be taken for granted. Our analysis of two policies aimed at increasing elderly participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program suggests that policies that increased burdens for frontline workers were implemented less faithfully and more unevenly, possibly leading to more administrative burden on program participants. The article proposes several methods to decrease implementation burden on frontline workers.
Rock response characteristics in the area of the hidden collapse column induced by mining
Authors: Lin Haixiao , Zhang Duan , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Boyang , Feng Xin
Published: August 2022

The hidden collapse column has the characteristics of concealment, suddenness and connection with karst water, which pose a serious threat to safe production in coal mines. In this study, a numerical model of collapse columns with a random distribution of pores was constructed by a finite difference calculation program. Numerical simulation analyses of the coal mining face advance were carried out to explore the response characteristics of rock in the collapse column area under the influence of four factors: mining impact, lateral pressure coefficient, pore water and confined groundwater. The results show that the abutment pressure reaches its maximum when the working face advances to the boundary of the elastic stress elevated zone of the collapse column. The plastic zone above the collapse column shows a "Λ" shape and keeps growing during the advance of the working face. The height of the plastic zone in the top and bottom of the coal seam increases with the increasing lateral pressure coefficient. An increase in the lateral pressure coefficient can amplify the effect of mining on the vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution of the collapse column. When the collapse column is connected to the confined groundwater, the pore water pressure will increase significantly with the advancement of the working face. Under the joint action of confined groundwater and pore water, the extent of the plastic zone around the collapse column will be larger, and the development of the plastic zone inside the collapse column is especially obvious. This study will provide a basis for revealing the rock response rules in the area of the hidden collapse column during mining.
Optimized Reconstruction Procedure of Photoacoustic Imaging for Reflection Artifacts Reduction
Authors: Qi Yuexin , Cao Hui , Yin Guanjun , Zhang Beilei , Guo Jianzhong
Published: August 2022

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology is of some value in medical diagnoses such as breast cancer detection, vasculature imaging, and surgery navigating. While as most imaging objects are bounded, the received RF signals consist of the direct-arrived signals (DAS) from the PA sources and the boundary-reflected signals (BRS). The undesired BRS will severely impair the quality during the image reconstruction. They will bring in many artifacts and confuse the actual shape and location of the PA sources. We improved the reconstruction procedure by removing the BRS before the regular reconstruction process to suppress those artifacts. To verify our proposed method, we compared the results of the conventional and optimized procedures experimentally. In terms of qualitative observation, the reconstructed images by the optimized procedure illustrate fewer artifacts and more accurate shapes of the PA sources. To quantitatively evaluate the traditional and the optimized imaging procedure, we calculated the Distribution Relative Error (DRE) between each experiment result and its standard drawing of the phantoms. For both phantoms and the ex-vivo sample, the DREs of reconstruction result by the optimized reconstruction procedure decrease significantly. The results suggest that the optimized reconstruction process can effectively suppress the reflection artifacts and improve the shape accuracy of the PA sources.
Delivering Peer-Based Support in Prisons During the COVID Pandemic and Lockdown: Innovative Activities Delivered by People Who Care
Authors: Best David , Critchlow Theresa , Higham David , Higham Kerrie , Thompson Ray , Shields Darren , Barton Paul
Published: August 2022

During COVID and lockdown, many prisoners have not only been affected by infection transmission in crowded and ill-equipped institutions, they have also been separated from a range of supports, including loss of family and professional supports and support for prisoners with addiction and/or mental health problems has been disrupted. This paper reports on evidence of how peer-based recovery organizations have attempted to mitigate these adverse effects, based on a case study of one prison in the North-West of England, using a range of routine reporting data and original research data. The paper shows how prison-based peer recovery support has not only continued through lockdown but grown both in the prison and in continuing care on release. The key conclusion is that Lived Experience Recovery Organizations (LEROs) have a vital role to play in offering continuing care to prison populations both to support early recovery and to sustain change around release back into the community, in COVID but also more generally.
Age, Autonomy, and Authority of Knowledge: Discursive Constructions of Youth Decision-Making Capacity and Parental Support in Transgender Minors’ Accounts of Healthcare Access
Authors: Shook Alic G. , Tordoff Diana M. , Clark April , Hardwick Robin , St. Pierre Nelson Will , Kantrowitz-Gordon Ira
Published: August 2022

While access to care is known to improve health outcomes for transgender youth, these youth often face challenges in accessing care related to decision-making capacity and the legal limitations regarding age of consent. In this study, we utilize discourse analytic methods to identify how notions of age, autonomy, and authority of knowledge influence transgender youths’ ability to make agentic decisions about their bodies and health, and better understand the power dynamics present in youths’ relations with parents and providers. We conducted 11 one-on-one interviews with transgender youth between the ages of 13 to 17 and one focus group with high school-age trans youth ( n = 8) in the Seattle-Tacoma area of Washington state. We identified two sets of discourses: (1) discourses of autonomy, which included self-determination, confidentiality, and authority of knowledge and (2) discourses of support, which included role ambiguity, trust/mistrust, and good and bad parents. Findings from this study highlight power dynamics present in trans youths’ relations with parents and providers.
Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Relationship With Nature Visits, Connectedness to Nature and Physical Activity
Authors: Teixeira Andreia , Gabriel Ronaldo , Martinho José , Santos Mário , Faria Aurélio , Oliveira Irene , Moreira Helena
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Examine the association of visits to the natural environment, connectedness to nature, physical activity, and the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) in individuals aged 18 years or older.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

City of Vila Real, located in the north of Portugal.

Subjects

We recruited 194 individuals (61 men and 133 women) aged 18-75 years.

Mesures

A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure nature visits, connectedness to nature, PEBs, and demographic characteristics. Neighborhood green space was appreciated through a Simplified Land Occupation Map and physical activity was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers (wGT3X-BT).

Analysis

Correlations and nonlinear canonical correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The coefficients of canonical and multiple correlations were calculated.

Results

Nature visits were associated with involvement in environmental volunteering (V = .317, P ≤ .05) among men. In these, higher levels of moderate-vigorous PA were associated with green travel behavior (η2 = .325, P ≤ .05). Connectedness with nature was related (P ≤ .05) to private sphere behaviors, such as purchase of eco-products (η2 = .191) and local/seasonal products (η2 = .186) in females and encouraging care and protection of natural environment (η2 = .336, P ≤ .01) in males.

Conclusions

Nature visits, connection to nature, and physical activity levels were related to the adoption of PEBs in the private and public sphere, and these relationships differed between men and women.
Flow and heat transfer analysis of a special third grade fluid over a stretchable surface in a parallel free stream
Authors: Swain Sradharam , Sarkar Golam Mortuja , Sahoo Bikash
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to investigate a boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of a special third grade fluid over a stretchable surface in a parallel free stream. Using the similarity variables generated by the Lie group analysis, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The transformed equations are then solved numerically using the shooting technique. In addition, an attempt is made to carry the asymptotic solution behavior for large stretching and suction parameters, and the asymptotic results of skin friction coefficient are then compared with the direct numerical solutions, which shows a good agreement. It is observed that the similarity equations exhibit dual solutions in a certain range of shrinking strength. These two solution branches show different behavior on the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, velocity, and temperature profiles. Thus, emphasis has been given to carrying out a stability analysis to determine the physically reliable solution. The stability analysis shows that the upper branch solution is stable. It is observed that the suction parameter increases the range of dual solutions and the magnitude of the critical point from where the dual solutions bifurcate; however, the non-Newtonian parameter shows the opposite behavior. The momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses in the upper branch solution are lower than the lower branch solution.
Course enhancement conversations: A holistic and collaborative evaluation approach to quality improvement in higher education
Authors: Forbes Melissa , Murphy Angela , Alderman Lyn
Published: August 2022

This practice article describes the use of collaborative evaluation for institutional improvement leading to continuous learning at a regional university in Australia. The University of Southern Queensland’s Academic Quality Framework (2019–2022) was developed in response to external drivers to improve practices relating to the comprehensive and systematic analysis of academic data. One aspect of the response was to introduce ‘course enhancement conversations’, which were a collaboration between the central Academic Quality Unit and academic staff, including course teams and learning and teaching leaders within schools and faculties. A feature of these conversations was the use of sentinel rather than performance indicators of course (not teaching) quality to prompt the holding of conversations. Conversations were conducted in a spirit of constructive collaboration, where the shared goal was to support course teams to deliver an outstanding student experience. Through adopting a collaborative approach to evaluation, Academic Quality Unit staff were evaluation champions who gradually acculturated academic staff and learning and teaching leaders to evaluative thinking and data-informed decision-making. Issues brought to light during these conversations have informed changes in practice at the university level, including the development of a new evaluation procedure to embed best-practice monitoring and evaluation across all levels of curriculum delivery.
Rates of Emotional Disturbance Among Children in Foster Care: Comparing Federal Child Welfare Data and Medicaid Records in Two States
Authors: Palmer Lindsey , Font Sarah , Herd Toria , Prindle John , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of emotional disturbance (ED) among children in foster care and assess the validity of the national foster care census data (AFCARS) measure of ED. This study used linked child protection and Medicaid records from 2014 and 2015, for the states of California and Wisconsin, as well as data from AFCARS, a federal population census of children in foster care which states are mandated to contribute to. ED is defined by AFCARS and includes an array of mental and behavioral health diagnoses. According to AFCARS, 13% of CA children in foster care and 15% of WI children in foster care had an ED, whereas Medicaid claims produce rates of 45% and 48%, respectively. Rates of ED among children in congregate care were underestimated by 43–46 percentage points, with substantial proportions having diagnoses of disruptive behavioral disorders. Despite the AFCARS ED measure being cited in congressional testimonies and its wide use in research, results from this study suggest that the AFCARS ED estimates are an unreliable metric for use in research, policy, or practice.
High Levels of the Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNAL and Associated Findings in Children of Smokers: A Case Series
Authors: Mahabee-Gittens E Melinda , Matt Georg E , Merianos Ashley L
Published: August 2022

High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers’ children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. Therefore, we conducted a case series to examine the sociodemographics, TSE and clinical patterns, and other TSE biomarker levels in 9 children with extreme NNAL levels of >200 pg/ml to generate hypotheses and explore potential causes and implications. We identified 0 to 4-year-olds who presented to an emergency setting and lived with ⩾1 smoker who were part of a parental tobacco cessation trial (n = 461). Of these children, 52 had urinary NNAL, cotinine, and N-oxides results (n = 52). Nine children (17.3%) had NNAL levels >200 pg/ml, ranging from 206.4 to 1399.0 pg/ml (Median (Mdn) = 489.2 pg/ml; Interquartile Range (IQR) = 222.7-1289.3 pg/ml). The cotinine Mdn (IQR) was 38.5 (10.3-102.2) ng/ml and the N-oxides Mdn (IQR) = 93.8 (24.7-109.6) pg/ml. While all biomarker levels were alarmingly high, these young children would not have been flagged for very high cancer risk based on urinary cotinine levels alone. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive TSE biomarker measurement in capturing different TSE exposure patterns and assessing children’s future risk for cancer and other TSE-related morbidities.
Escaping the house of secrets: Auto-ethnographic reflections on the complexities of field exit
Authors: Ismail Abir Mohamad
Published: August 2022

While a large body of auto-ethnographic literature focuses on the bias associated with conducting methodological research as ‘insiders’ and examines the implications of their backgrounds for their research design, the interpretation of the data and the complexities of their position for the research, less reflection exists in the literature on the complexities of exiting the field. Drawing on auto-ethnographic reflections from fieldwork among Arab Muslim families in Denmark, I discuss field exit in relation to field access and field behaviour. I show how the established trust, friendship and intimate relationships with our interlocutors can position us as the subject and the object of our study. While embracing familiarity and being intimately inside one’s field offer significant advantages, I argue that it simultaneously reshapes and complicates the researcher’s insider role experiences and expectations, as the strategies, behaviour and negotiations we make in the field often have an impact on field exit.
Anticipated and Experienced Stigma After Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Facente Shelley N. , De Zuzuarregui Mariah , Frank Darren , Gomez-Aladino Sarah , Muñoz Ariel , Williamson Sabrina , Wang Emily , Hunter Lauren A. , Packel Laura , Reingold Arthur
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Stigma has inhibited public health practitioners’ influence during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the experienced and anticipated stigma of people affiliated with a large university in the United States, using the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative secondary substudy of 20 people who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive and 10 who tested negative in the summer of 2020, selected from a study of 3,324 university students and employees.

Findings

No participants reported anticipated stigmatization prior to testing positive. However, eight of 20 participants recounted stigma marking (being marked by COVID-19 diagnosis or membership in a “high-risk” group) or manifestations of stigma after testing positive, including feelings of guilt or shame, and concerns about being judged as selfish or irresponsible. Three described being denied services or social interactions as a result of having had COVID-19, long after their infectiousness ended. Participants noted that clear public health messaging must be paired with detailed scientific information, rather than leaving people to resort to non-experts to understand the science.

Discussion

Public health messaging designed to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 and protect the community may perpetuate stigma and exacerbate inequities. As a result, people may avoid testing or treatment, mistrust public health messaging, or even use risk-increasing behavior as coping mechanisms.

Implications for Practice

Intentional use of language that promotes equity and deters discrimination must be high priority for any COVID-19-related public health messaging. Partnership with community leaders to co-create programs and disseminate messaging is a critical strategy for reducing stigma, especially for historically mistreated groups.
Development of Structural and Pragmatic Language Skills in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Vassiliu Chrysoula , Mouzaki Angeliki , Antoniou Faye , Ralli Asimina M. , Diamanti Vassiliki , Papaioannou Sophia , Katsos Napoleon
Published: August 2022

The few reports on the language skills of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) offer conflicting evidence on whether they face significant challenges, and if so, whether these challenges are present in all aspects of language. Here, we investigated a sample of Greek-speaking children with ADHD ( n = 29) using a structural language (vocabulary, grammar) and a pragmatic language assessment. To ascertain the extent of strengths and weaknesses, we compared the performance of children with ADHD to typically developing (TD) peers ( n = 29) and also to children with developmental language disorder (DLD; n = 25), who face challenges particularly in structural language. As regards structural language, ADHD children performed significantly lower than their TD peers but significantly higher than the DLD group. In pragmatics, ADHD children performed numerically lower than any other group, but differences did not reach statistical significance. Children with ADHD face difficulties with language skills and especially with structural language. Sophisticated linguistic assessment is crucial, as it facilitates the identification of children with different challenges by measuring performances on distinct components. Language difficulties in ADHD should not be overlooked but must be evaluated thoroughly for more effective intervention planning.
Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Dong Zihe , Liao Zhipeng , He Yonglin , Wu Chengye , Meng Zixiang , Qin Baolong , Xu Ge , Li Zeyang , Sun Tianxin , Wen Yuyan , Li Guangjie
Published: August 2022

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high morbidity and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25 nucleotides, are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis to regulate the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Studies have found that microRNAs are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients and have an important role in improving drug resistance in osteosarcoma. This paper reviews the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and their clinical value, aiming to provide a new research direction for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma and achieving a better prognosis.
Pancreatic Ducts Obliteration With Controlled Injection of Onyx®: A Proposal of New Onyx® Pancreatic Ducts Obliteration Scoring System
Authors: Crafa Francesco , Vanella Serafino , Noviello Adele , Lombardi Giulio , Coppola Bottazzi Enrico
Published: August 2022

Background

The aim of this study was confirm the efficacy and feasibility of Onyx injection for pancreatic stump management after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and investigate a new Onyx® Pancreatic Ducts Obliteration (OPDO) scoring system of pancreatic duct obliteration (PDOb) in patients with high risk of Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF).

Study Design

We enrolled ten patients undergoing PDOb with Onyx® intraoperative controlled injection after elective PD.

Results

PDOb with Onyx® controlled injection was classified according to the OPDO scoring system in three degrees: complete 5/10 (50%), medium 2/10 (20%) and bad 3/10 (30%). Increased amylase in abdominal drainage was identified in two patients (20%) with a degree II and III, and resolved spontaneously within a week. A “clinically relevant” POPF (CR-POPF) was observed in one patient (10%) with a degree III and none in the patients with degree I and II.

Discussion

We confirm that intraoperative injection of Onyx® is a valid solution in high-risk POPF patients and our OPDO scoring system allows obtain an intraoperative classification of the degree of PDO to prevent the CR-POPOF; furthermore, it may be suggested that the viscosity of the injected product (Onyx®) reduce parenchymal fibrosis.
Revisiting the Effect of 3 Sesquiterpenoids From Conocephalum conicum (Snake Liverwort) on Rat Spleen Lymphocyte Viability and Membrane Functioning
Authors: Filipović Sonja I. , Stojanović Nikola M. , Mitić Katarina V. , Ranđelović Pavle J. , Radulović Niko S.
Published: August 2022

Previously 3 sesquiterpenoids from Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum. (Conocephalaceae) were found to modulate lymphocyte response to different stimuli, suggesting their immunomodulatory potential. Herein we evaluated the impact of low concentrations of these sesquiterpenoids on rat splenocyte viability and membrane permeability, as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, in order to, possibly, shed light on their mechanism of action. After a 24 h incubation of splenocytes with the sesquiterpenoids (from 10−8 to 10−6 M), MTT and trypan blue (TB) assays, as well as histochemical staining for LDH, were performed. The tested compounds were shown not to reduce the ability of cells to metabolize MTT; however, cell membrane permeability to TB was altered, suggesting that a certain percentage of cells were dead. Histochemical staining for LDH presence releveled that only 2, out of the 3 sesquiterpenoids, decreased the staining intensity, indicating either LDH leakage or its inhibition. In conclusion, having in mind the already proven modulatory potential of the tested sesquiterpenoids, the present results suggest that through the changes in the cell membrane function and leakage/inhibition of LDH in unaltered immune cells, some of the tested compounds could be considered promising candidates for further research as anticancer agents.
Advances and Missed Opportunities in the Development of the 2026 NAEP Reading Framework
Authors: Forzani Elena , Afflerbach Peter , Aguirre Sarah , Brynelson Nancy , Cervetti Gina , Cho Byeong-Young , Coiro Julie , García Georgia Earnest , Guthrie John T. , Hinchman Kathleen , Lee Carol D. , Pacheco Mariana , Pearson P. David , Ross Alicia , Skerrett Allison , Uccelli Paola
Published: August 2022

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in Reading aims to measure reading comprehension for students in the United States and to monitor progress in our education system. NAEP Reading is developed based on an assessment framework document that is periodically revised to reflect the latest understandings about reading comprehension and its assessment. A key goal of the Visioning Panel (VP) and the Development Panel (DP) charged with updating the NAEP Reading Assessment Framework for 2026 was to lay the foundation for an assessment that made progress toward greater fairness, equity, and validity. In this essay, we discuss how the Framework development process unfolded and its results. We document the unusual ways the National Assessment Governing Board (“the Board”) shaped the development process. We provide evidence that a small group of Board members aimed to preserve the status quo in reading assessment by downplaying reliance on expertise and authoritative sources of research on reading, learning, and assessment and by removing attention to equity in NAEP Reading. We also discuss both successful (i.e., approved by the Board) and unsuccessful (i.e., rejected by the Board) recommendations for changes to the 2026 Framework that initially were proposed by the DP. We end by considering how, despite the efforts of the small group of Board members, we as a literacy field can improve the nature and impact of our large-scale reading assessments, and NAEP in particular.
A Review of Nano/Micro/Milli Needles Fabrications for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Liu Bin , Yi Xin , Zheng Ying , Yuan Zhishan , Yang Jingbo , Yang Jian , Yu Xiao , Jiang Lelun , Wang Chengyong
Published: August 2022

Needles, as some of the most widely used medical devices, have been effectively applied in human disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling, biosensing, drug delivery, surgery, and other such applications. In this review, we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications. Needles are classified as nanoneedles, microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter, and their fabrication techniques are highlighted. Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells, achieving intracellular electrical recording, biochemical sensing, and drug delivery. Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system. Millineedles, including puncture, syringe, acupuncture and suture needles, are presented. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.
Design Theory and Method of Complex Products: A Review
Authors: Qiu Chan , Tan Jianrong , Liu Zhenyu , Mao Haoyang , Hu Weifei
Published: August 2022

Design is a high-level and complex thinking activity of human beings, using existing knowledge and technology to solve problems and create new things. With the rise and development of intelligent manufacturing, design has increasingly reflected its importance in the product life cycle. Firstly, the concept and connotation of complex product design is expounded systematically, and the different types of design are discussed. The four schools of design theory are introduced, including universal design, axiomatic design, TRIZ and general design. Then the research status of complex product design is analyzed, such as innovative design, digital design, modular design, reliability optimization design, etc. Finally, three key scientific issues worthy of research in the future are indicated, and five research trends of “newer, better, smarter, faster, and greener” are summarized, aiming to provide references for the equipment design and manufacturing industry.
High Performance Flip-Structure Enhancement-Mode HEMT with Face-to-Face Double Gates
Authors: Deng Siyu , Wei Jie , Zhang Cheng , Liao Dezun , Sun Tao , Yang Kemeng , Xi Lufan , Zhang Bo , Luo Xiaorong
Published: August 2022

A novel double gates flip-structure enhancement-mode (E-mode) high electron mobility transistor with step field plate (DFF HEMT) is proposed. It features face-to-face double gates, including a top trench MIS gate with a step field plate and a bottom planar MIS gate, which is shorted together. In the on-state, the double gates not only can restore the 2DEG by the higher electric potential, but also can form the electron accumulation layers, and thus increase the saturation output current and reduce the on-resistance. The face-to-face double gates together deplete the 2DEG by using the work function difference to realize E-mode, instead of by etching the AlGaN layer under the gate for the conventional MIS gate E-mode HEMT. The double-gate structure not only avoids etch damage, but also maintains both high threshold voltage and low on-resistance. Meanwhile, the step gate field plate modulates E-field distribution to increase the BV. In order to easily fabricate, the trench gate with step field plate must be located on the top of device, forming the flip-structure. The flip-structure is also beneficial to decrease the leakage current in the substrate. The simulated Vth, BV and Id of the DFF HEMT are 0.8 V, 465 V and 494 mA/mm, respectively. The FOM of the DFF HEMT is 79.8% and 444.2% higher than those of the conventional MIS-FP HEMT and MIS HEMT.
Integration of protein context improves protein-based COVID-19 patient stratification
Authors: Gao Jinlong , He Jiale , Zhang Fangfei , Xiao Qi , Cai Xue , Yi Xiao , Zheng Siqi , Zhang Ying , Wang Donglian , Zhu Guangjun , Wang Jing , Shen Bo , Ralser Markus , Guo Tiannan , Zhu Yi
Published: August 2022

Background

Classification of disease severity is crucial for the management of COVID-19. Several studies have shown that individual proteins can be used to classify the severity of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to investigate whether integrating four types of protein context data, namely, protein complexes, stoichiometric ratios, pathways and network degrees will improve the severity classification of COVID-19.

Methods

We performed machine learning based on three previously published datasets. The first was a SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra) MS (mass spectrometry) based proteomic dataset. The second was a TMTpro 16plex labeled shotgun proteomics dataset. The third was a SWATH dataset of an independent patient cohort.

Results

Besides twelve proteins, machine learning also prioritized two complexes, one stoichiometric ratio, five pathways, and five network degrees, resulting a 25-feature panel. As a result, a model based on the 25 features led to effective classification of severe cases with an AUC of 0.965, outperforming the models with proteins only. Complement component C9, transthyretin (TTR) and TTR-RBP (transthyretin-retinol binding protein) complex, the stoichiometric ratio of SAA2 (serum amyloid A proteins 2)/YLPM1 (YLP Motif Containing 1), and the network degree of SIRT7 (Sirtuin 7) and A2M (alpha-2-macroglobulin) were highlighted as potential markers by this classifier. This classifier was further validated with a TMT-based proteomic data set from the same cohort (test dataset 1) and an independent SWATH-based proteomic data set from Germany (test dataset 2), reaching an AUC of 0.900 and 0.908, respectively. Machine learning models integrating protein context information achieved higher AUCs than models with only one feature type.

Conclusion

Our results show that the integration of protein context including protein complexes, stoichiometric ratios, pathways, network degrees, and proteins improves phenotype prediction.