bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roles of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fungus-growing termite nests
Authors: Sun Qibiao , Li Jing , Syed Shameer , Li Xiaofang , Yuan Huatao , Lian Bin
Published: August 2024

Fungus-growing termite (FGT) nests possess an oxalate pool derived from termite input and fungal oxalogenesis. The effect of oxalate biotransformation in the termite nest on the symbiotic association between FGTs and Termitomyces fungi is poorly understood. Here, we measured the pH value, mineral composition, oxalate and carbonate contents, along with the abundance and composition of oxalotrophic bacteria (OxB) in termite nests. The results showed the community structures of OxB in different parts of the termite nest across fungus comb, termite nest wall and surface soil, were significantly different. The diversity of OxB in the fungus comb was significantly lower than that in the termite nest wall and surface soil. Results also showed the abundance of OxB in the fungus comb was higher than that in the termite nest wall and significantly lower than that in the surface soil. In addition, we isolated and screened an oxalotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium sp. TA1 from the fungus comb, which can degrade calcium oxalate and convert it into calcite. Our results from the perspective of oxalate biodegradation and transformation show that the oxalate-carbonate pathway driven by OxB in active termite nests can maintain stable microecological environments in termite nests and is beneficial to the symbiotic association between FGTs and Termitomyces.
Des archives en mouvement ? Les châteaux des ducs de Bourgogne et la circulation des archives (fin xiii e -début xiv e siècle)
Authors: Bardey David
Published: August 2024

Où le chartrier des ducs de Bourgogne est-il conservé à la fin du xiii e et au début du xiv e siècle ? Si l’historiographie bourguignonne s’accorde sur une conservation du chartrier à Talant au milieu du xiv e siècle, la situation est beaucoup plus trouble pour la période antérieure. La documentation diplomatique et comptable, ainsi que plusieurs bilans de transferts d’archives, montrent que les archives des ducs étaient probablement dispersées à l’échelle du duché et conservées dans les différents châteaux ducaux. Les pièces scellées, conservées dans des boîtes et des écrins, circulaient entre les résidences ducales selon les nécessités du gouvernement. Certaines étaient même amenées à quitter le duché pour rejoindre des dépôts ducaux situés hors du duché, notamment à Paris, tandis que d’autres pouvaient sortir définitivement du chartrier ducal pour en intégrer un autre. Clercs et agents du prince administraient et géraient les affaires courantes en prenant appui sur des écrits qu’ils devaient déplacer. Ainsi, c’est l’image d’un chartrier vivant et en mouvement qui s’esquisse.
Choses vues, choses vécues : trois histoires d’« archives au château »
Authors: Le Clech Sylvie
Published: August 2024

À partir de trois expériences personnelles et professionnelles sur une longue durée (1983 – 2020) concernant des fonds d’« archives au château », l’article part des circonstances du contact initial avec les propriétaires, pour arriver à qualifier les lieux de conservation et les modes de traitement de trois fonds d’archives privées en Normandie, Bretagne et Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Circonstances de la sollicitation du propriétaire, lieux, absence de classement ou classements généralement familiaux apparaissent révélateurs de l'organisation d'une pensée de propriétaire foncier mais aussi d’acteurs de l’histoire qui associent les échelles nationale et locale. La structure des fonds dessine le portrait des « châtelains », personnages appartenant aujourd’hui à une culture minoritaire. La conservation et le traitement de ces trois fonds d’archives se situent alors dans l'objectif de la transmission et de la défense des droits du groupe familial mais aussi dans l’intérêt de la conservation des archives pour incarner une symbolique familiale réactualisée à la période contemporaine. Ainsi, d'un point de vue sociologique, les archives au château, jouent encore un rôle dans ce qui subsiste de la notion révolue de « lignages ». Les objets sont des intermédiaires. Ces trois exemples sont très différents de ceux de propriétés bourgeoises souvent situées dans des régions telles que l’Ile-de-France, où les hybridations familiales apparaissent comme des facteurs de mobilité sociale, mais aussi d’instabilité et d’hétérogénéité des modèles.
La cargaison d’une coque languedocienne arrivant de Chypre en 1358
Authors: Claverie Pierre-Vincent
Published: August 2024

Le présent article étudie un registre douanier du port d’Aigues-Mortes des années 1357–1358. La fin du manuscrit décrit la cargaison d’une coque chargée d’épices, que 33 négociants occitans rapportèrent de Chypre le 17 novembre 1358. Une présentation liminaire met en exergue la façon de procéder de l’administration française, avant de décrire les produits coloniaux chargés sur la Cigala . Il s’ensuit une analyse du chargement de chaque marchand, avant une comparaison avec les produits importés en Catalogne à la même époque. La cargaison globale du navire atteint les 910 969 besants blancs de Chypre.
La « liberté des plages » : un droit commun d’accès au littoral dans la Livonie médiévale ( xii e – xv e siècle)
Authors: Boestad Tobias
Published: August 2024

Les privilèges accordés aux marchands allemands au xiii e  siècle en Livonie mentionnent un accès libre aux plages de cette région et le droit d’en exploiter certaines ressources (bois, fourrage). Alors que ces clauses ont souvent été interprétées comme des variations sur le thème de la protection des naufragés contre le pillage de leur épave, une copie peu connue d’une charte de l’évêque Nicolas de Riga publiée en 1231 révèle que leurs origines sont plus anciennes. D’autres sources suggèrent que la plage livonienne était alors considérée comme un bien commun : les privilèges commerciaux n’auraient fait qu’étendre aux marchands étrangers les droits dont jouissaient déjà les communautés littorales. Cet article s’efforce donc de comprendre l’évolution de la « plage libre » livonienne de l’époque qui précède la conquête militaire chrétienne de la région à partir de la fin du xii e  siècle jusqu’à sa remise en cause par les pouvoirs seigneuriaux dans le courant du xv e  siècle, sur fond de concurrence pour les ressources halieutiques.
La femme provençale et sa ceinture. Étude croisée des sources pour les xiv e – xvi e siècles
Authors: Thuaudet Olivier
Published: August 2024

À compter de la seconde moitié du xiii e  siècle, les éléments métalliques appartenant à la ceinture que met au jour l’archéologie et les types de ceinture rencontrés atteignent une variété qui n’avait pas été observée depuis l’époque mérovingienne. L’archéologie, les sources archivistiques et littéraires ainsi que l’iconographie témoignent du fait que la ceinture est à la fois accessoire fonctionnel, accessoire de mode et objet signifiant. Il est possible au moyen de ces sources de caractériser des ceintures typiquement féminines. L’article en propose une typologie et une anthropologie dans le contexte provençal tout en restant ouvert à un contexte plus général.
The Basics of Perimenopause
Authors: Kalita Karabi , Raina Deepika , Mall Prachi
Published: August 2024

Perimenopause (menopausal transition) is the period preceding the end of menstrual cycle. Perimenopausal phase lasts an average of 5 years, ranging from 2-8 years, while the average age of menopause is 45.5 (±5.5) years. Hormone fluctuations induce menopausal symptoms in women, variances in progesterone and estrogen levels, and sudden increase in follicle stimulating hormone without an apparent decline in estradiol. It is common for women to display clinical symptoms linked to hormonal, psychological, and physiological system changes. Hot flashes, dry vagina, migraines, breast soreness, and insomnia are frequent physical problems while psychological ailments include depression, anxiety, erratic emotions, and stress. This chapter is about comprehending perimenopause. Overall, it shows that alterations in neurological system, in addition to ovarian or hormonal changes are linked to perimenopause. Perimenopause is clearly a stage of a female's reproductive cycle associated with unpleasant symptoms and irregular happenings. Therapy or lifestyle alteration can manage perimenopause.
Harnessing Advanced Digital (AI) Technologies for Environmental Applications
Authors: Jaganraja V. , Seidakhmet Nurpatsha , Guhan T. , R. Durai Vasanth , Revathy N. , Premkumar R.
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, in particular machine learning algorithms and big data analytics, can enhance these materials' effectiveness and performance, promoting environmental sustainability. It talks about how AI may be used with carbon-based materials, emphasizing the advantages for the environment such as pollutant detection platforms and self-governing monitoring systems. Notwithstanding obstacles like technology limitations, scalability issues, and data protection, its goal is to close the gap between laboratory research and practical application. To achieve maximum environmental sustainability, cooperation and strategic alliances are required.
Methodical Review of Nanomaterials for Sustainable Environmental Applications
Authors: Bahadur Preeti Singh , Rana Ajay
Published: August 2024

The development of novel approaches, instruments, and strategies to address quantitative and qualitative environmental issues is greatly aided by science and technology. Nanotechnology is very effective at removing and detecting pollutants in the fields of air, water, and wastewater. The techniques for treating water and wastewater, air, and pollution detection that have been created using nanotechnology include nano adsorbents, nanofiltration, nano photocatalysts, magnetic nanoparticles, and nano sensors. Nanotechnology can be regarded as green technology and a useful tool for achieving sustainable development because of its capacity to remove and regulate environmental toxins as well as to cleanse and stop their spread.
Green Supply Chain Management in Eco-Friendly Sustainable Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Vangeri Ashok Kumar , Bathrinath S. , Anand M. Clement Joe , Shanmugathai M. , Meenatchi N. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2024

The circular economy is a sustainable approach in the manufacturing sector that focuses on long-lasting product design, remanufacturing, recycling, and waste reduction. This approach optimizes resource utilization, reduces reliance on finite resources, and minimizes waste generation, contributing to environmental conservation and mitigating climate change's effects. Digital technologies and data analytics play a crucial role in promoting a circular economy in manufacturing supply chains, with IoT, AI, and blockchain enhancing visibility, traceability, and collaboration. The challenges of implementing circular economy principles are discussed, along with the potential economic benefits of sustainable production and consumption patterns. Case studies from successful manufacturing companies are also examined.
Efeito da Posição de Ninhos-Isca na Captura de Espécies de Abelhas sem Ferrão
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Puhl , Rodrigues Miria Teresinha Puhl , Rodrigues Reginaldo Acylino de Moura , Oliveira Jânio Alves , Kiefer Charles , Barreto Lidia Maria Ruv Carelli , Belisario Denise de Lima
Published: August 2024

Realizou-se a presente pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da posição de ninhos-isca na captura de espécies de abelhas sem ferrão. O experimento foi conduzido na área rural do município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de maio de 2022 a setembro de 2022. Foram utilizados 30 ninhos-isca, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (A: ninhos-isca armados a um metro de altura do chão, e B: ninhos-isca enterrados no chão), com 15 repetições por tratamento. A posição do ninho-isca influenciou (p<0,05) no sucesso na captura de espécies de abelhas sem ferrão, sendo o tratamento B, com as iscas enterradas no chão, significativamente superior ao tratamento A, com as iscas armadas a um metro de altura.
Performance, digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics of goats fed leaf meals of Vernonia amygdalina or Moringa oleifera
Authors: Omotoso Oluwatosin Bode , Adeniran Catherine Olukemi , Fajemisin Adebowale Noah , Alokan Julius Adebayo
Published: August 2024

A 84-day trial was conducted to investigate the potentialities of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera leaves as natural growth promoters in ruminant production. Hence, the leaves were identified, collected, screened, air-dried, and milled separately into powdery form to make the leaf meals. A basal concentrate diet (BCD - control diet) was formulated, and were divided into nine equal portions while the leaf meals: V. amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) or M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) were added and thoroughly mixed with concentrate diet at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 w w-1, per each leaf meal, respectively. Thereafter fed to forty-five West African Dwarf growing goats, randomly allocated to the diets. Nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and weight change of goats were used as response criteria. The results revealed that 20% VALM improved (p < 0.05) crude protein intake, nitrogen retention, final live-weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion ratio. VALM affected rumen fermentation (p < 0.05) increasing propionic, butyric acids and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations, and total viables bacterial. Further, positive strong correlation (R2 = 0.9498) existed between ADWG and TVFA. It can be concluded that VALM and MOLM are potential phytogenic plants capable of altering the rumen ecosystem for improved nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, better than the control diet, without any detrimental effects on growing goats' performance. Summarily, dietary inclusion of VALM at 20% improved feed utilization and animal performance.
­Two-Stage Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes with Variations of TiO2/NaOH Molar Ratio
Authors: Haryati Tanti , Metiardo Dzulkifli Florenda , Diana Alvina Nur , Suwardiyanto Suwardiyanto , Sulistiyo Yudi Aris , Andarini Novita
Published: August 2024

TiO2 nanomaterial is a semiconductor material that exhibits promising photocatalysis activity. TiO2 nanomaterials can be converted into several forms, including TiO2 nanotubes, which have a larger surface area and more applications. In this study, TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized hydrothermally using TiO2 micro powder precursors. The synthesis involved two hydrothermal stages: the first to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles from TiO2 micro powder precursors, and the second to synthesize TiO2 nanotubes from TiO2 nanoparticle precursors. TiO2 micro powder was added to the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal at mole ratios of TiO2/NaOH of 0.01, 0.025, and 0.04, respectively. The TiO2 nanoparticles obtained exhibit a morphology in the form of short fibers, with particle sizes increasing as the mole ratios are added. Furthermore, they possess an anatase crystal structure at all mole ratios of TiO2/NaOH. Subsequently, the TiO2 nanoparticles are calcined at 450°C. The results of the TiO2 nanoparticle calcination show that the morphology is in the form of short fibers, which are smaller than those of the uncalcinated sample. The calcinated sample also has larger particle sizes and an anatase crystal structure, compared to the uncalcinated sample. The TiO2 nanotubes obtained exhibit an elongated tube morphology with outer diameters ranging from 3.93 to 11.44 nm, inner diameters ranging from 2.5 to 4.25 nm, and a wall thickness of 1.09 to 3.4 nm. The surface area of the TiO2 nanotubes is 256.744 m2/g.
Development of a Cost-Effective Twin-Disc Test Rig for Railway Wear Simulation
Authors: Leso Tshenolo P. , Siyasiya Charles Witness , Mostert Roelf J. , Moema Joseph
Published: August 2024

Maintenance due to the replacement of damaged wheels and rails due to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and wear has been found to be the major problem to rail operating companies. This problem tends to lead to unavailability of railway networks. To solve this problem, costly wear simulators are developed to predict the wear behaviour of the rails and wheels to improve the preventive maintenance in pursuit of operational efficiency. Therefore, more studies that simulate a combination of rolling and sliding wear, together with RCF, are required, specifically for the Southern African, where good and cost-effective rail wear simulators are not readily available. The problem with wear and RCF simulators is high production costs, so this work aims to solve this problem by developing a cost-effective wear test rig that is capable of simulating RCF, sliding and rolling wear as experienced by the train wheel while moving along railway tracks. For this work, it was decided that twin-disc concept would be used, since literature clearly shown that the method was able to simulate the three damage mechanisms mentioned. The developed twin-disc wear simulator was able to simulate both rolling and sliding wear and parameters including contact load and slip ratio could be changed with ease so to simulate the actual contact conditions between the wheel and rail. Outputs such as coefficient of friction and wheel disc temperature were obtained. The results showed that the severity of wear is heavily dependent on slip ratio i.e., increased with slip ratio, with both coefficient of friction and wear rate increasing with slip ratio.
The Study of the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Cu-30%Fe Nanoalloy
Authors: Laslouni Warda , Haddad Ahmed , Mechri Hanane , Hamlati Zineb , Azzaz Mohamed
Published: August 2024

In this work, we have developed Cu-Fe alloys with a nanometric structure through the process of mechanosynthesis. We then followed the formation mechanism of these alloys and proceeded with a crucial step, which is cold compaction. We have elaborated Cu-Fe alloys with a nanometric structure by mechanosynthesis and following the mechanism of formation of these alloys, the we employed various analytical techniques to characterize the structural and microstructural properties of our powders. The X-ray diffraction method (XRD) was used to calculate the structural parameters, while laser granulometry was employed to study the evolution of particle size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then utilized to examine the morphology of the powders. Additionally, we investigated the electrochemical behavior of our alloys, focusing on their corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 15 mHz to evaluate the corrosion performance.
Forging Die Wear Optimization: A Combined Approach with Finite Element Analysis and Taguchi Methodology
Authors: Equbal Md. Israr , Saood Ahmad , Hussain V.M.S.
Published: August 2024

Forging dies serve as essential tools in shaping workpieces during the forging process to achieve the desired shape and geometry. In hot forging processes, wear is a significant concern due to the high temperatures involved. The repeated contact between the die and the hot workpiece can lead to abrasive and adhesive wear, where material is gradually removed from the die surface. This wear directly impacts the overall production cost. It also affects the shape, dimensions, and surface quality of the final product. The present study focuses on a comprehensive wear analysis of a hot forging die. The influence of critical process variables, including billet temperature, die temperature, friction coefficient, and percentage deformation on die wear, was examined. Employing three-dimensional finite element analysis with DEFORM software, the study utilizes the Taguchi experimental method to systematically design parametric combinations. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is then applied to determine the parameters significantly influencing die wear. The results highlight that the billet temperature and percentage deformation are critical factors affecting die wear. The optimal process settings, which lead to minimal die wear, were validated through a confirmation experiment. Additionally, empirical models were developed to establish correlations between die wear and various forging parameters.
Characterization and Properties of ZnO:Nd3+ Nanomaterial Synthesized by Chemical Synthesis Method
Authors: Pal Sudha , Singh Jitendra Pal , Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Nag Atanu , Huang Shu Chi , Chung Shyan Lung
Published: August 2024

Nd3+ ion-doped ZnO nanomaterial was prepared using chemical synthesis method and its fluorescence spectra have been investigated at room temperature. From SEM images of the synthesized ZnO: Nd3+ nanoparticles it is observed that an increase in concentration of Nd3+ ions leading to the decrease in the particle size. Nearly hexagonal shapes for the dark spots in the SAED images indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles are almost hexagonal. The oscillator strengths leading to 4f ↔ 4f transitions are characterized by different Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6). These Ωλ parameters along with the fluorescence data and various radiative properties viz., spontaneous emission probability (A), radiative life time (t), fluorescence branching ratio (b) and stimulated emission cross-section (sp) were evaluated and compared with the reported values. The values of these parameters indicate that the observed transitions 4F3/2 → 4I11/2, 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I15/2 can be considered to be good laser transitions in the near infrared region for different optoelectronic and spintronic uses.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of the Piezoelectric Circular Diaphragm Energy Harvester
Authors: Le Van Duong
Published: August 2024

The effectiveness of power generation of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) depends on the coupling between its resonant frequency and the oscillation frequency of the vibration source. The resonant frequency of a PEH is determined by its structural design, and therefore, to improve piezoelectric energy harvester performance, the piezoelectric energy harvester must be optimally designed to achieve the resonant frequency that matches the excitation frequency of the vibration source. This paper presents the design and detailed calculation of the piezoelectric energy harvester in the form of a bimorph piezoelectric circular diaphragm (PCD) structure by finite element analysis (FEA) using the software package ANSYS. Based on analyses and calculations, the optimal structure of the piezoelectric circular diaphragm energy harvester is proposed to meet the specified resonant frequency response matching the vibration source frequency. Detailed calculations of the PEH were performed with an excitation frequency of 100 Hz. With an optimal load resistor of 10.1 kΩ, an output power of 0.287 W was generated at 100 Hz (equal to the resonant frequency of the PEH) under an amplitude of harmonic excitation of 0.1mm. In addition, the research results can be used to fabricate piezoelectric circular diaphragm energy harvester operating at a resonant frequency suitable for the available vibrations.
Dielectric Fluids for the Electrical Discharge Machining: A Review
Authors: Kunal Kunal , Singh Kishan Pal , Khan Mohd. Yunus
Published: August 2024

An extensive examination of the effect of dielectric properties of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) operation machining variables is being done in the present study. Irrespective of the material's hardness, an EDM is an unconventional thermo-erosion machining procedure. It gave the workpiece a better and more detailed surface topography. Dielectric is an essential EDM component that typically affects the operation's high material removal rate and surface integrity. The dielectric fluid acts as a medium that modulates electrical sparks and traps energy due to the operation. It cleans up the trash and cools the workpiece. Whenever powders like Ti, Si, graphite, Cu, Al2O3, and others are added to the dielectric fluid, the fluid's conductivity increases the micro-hardness of the substance. For executing studies in EDM, choosing a proper dielectric from the number of fluids now offered is crucial. Adopting different additives in the dielectric fluid impacts the optimization of machining parameters and related characteristics are addressed in this study in light of existing research. The studies show the effect on various output parameters.
Investigation of Strength Concrete Materials Using Pozzolanic Additives
Authors: Yusra Andi , Hasan Muttaqin , Aulia Teuku Budi , Fachruddin Fachruddin
Published: August 2024

In the study, pozzolanic materials serve as replacements for additives, namely Palm Shell Ash (PSA), Coal Fly Ash (CFA), and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The purpose of the study is to determine the optimum proportion of additives used in high-performance concrete. The addition of 15% PSA resulted in a strength of 69.227 MPa over a test period of 56 days, while the addition of 15% CFA yielded a strength of 69.369 MPa, and the addition of 5% RHA resulted in a strength of 59.984 MPa. The maximum concrete strength is achieved by adding 15% PSA. Correlation analysis between stress-strain indicates that aggregates exhibit higher strength compared to cement paste, mortar, and concrete, highlighting the relationship between the aggregate, cement paste, mortar components, and concrete as a composite material. Aggregate strength values found to be the highest among concrete, cement paste, and mortar, indicating that cement paste contributes the least to the strength of concrete, followed by mortar as concrete reinforcement. The results suggest that aggregates remain the primary strength component supporting concrete. The finding indicates that the relationship between the basic substances in this study aligns closely with existing theory. Moreover, it suggests that all concrete materials with pozzolan variants can classified as high-quality concrete. The optimum percentage is obtained by adding 15% palm shell ash, resulting in the highest compressive strength compared to counterparts and test objects with other types of pozzolan additions. The relationships between the constituents of concrete demonstrate that aggregates continue to be important contributors to concrete strength, with the cement paste contributing the least. Concrete strength values fall between those of aggregates and those of cement and mortar pastes.
IFNs: Maestros of the Immune System
Authors: Fox Lindsey E , Lenschow Deborah J
Published: August 2024

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense,” a pivotal article written by U. Müller, U. Steinhoff, L. F. L. Reis, S. Hemmi, J. Pavlovic, R. M. Zinkernagel, and M. Aguet, and published in Science, in 1994. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8009221.
Analyses on Aeroacoustic Characteristics of Coaxial Rotor in Forward Flight
Authors:   Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhu Zheng , Zhao Qijun , Jing Simeng , Yuan Xin , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

Based on CFD method and FW-Hpds equations, a numerical method for predicting aeroacoustic characteristics of coaxial rotor is established. In order to accurately simulate the flowfield of coaxial rotor, several techniques including moving-embedded grids, implicit LU-SGS scheme, ROE-MUSCL scheme and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are adopted to solve the RANS equations. The aeroacoustic characteristics of coaxial rotor in forward flight are calculated and analyzed by using FW-Hpds equations. The calculated acoustic characteristics of the AH-1/OLS model in forward flight for validation are in good agreements with the experimental data. The acoustic characteristics of coaxial-rotor in forward flight including the sound pressure time history and directivity patterns are investigated in detail. Some meaningful conclusions are obtained from the calculated results. The counter-rotation of upper and lower rotors has significant effects on the sound pressure time history and leads to different phases of peak value at different observation points. The noise radiation intensity of coaxial rotor in forward flight exhibits an approximately symmetrical distribution on both sides of the forward flight direction, which is one of the important differences between the coaxial rotor and the single rotor.
Rotorcraft External Far-Field Noise Measurement Using a Hot Air Balloon
Authors:   Delta Group International LLC, Sickenberger Richard ,   University of Maryland, Schmitz Fredric ,   Colin Gordon Associates, Jaeger Stephen
Published: August 2024

A new method is demonstrated for measuring the noise radiated by a helicopter using a hot air balloon as the measurement platform to support one or more microphones below the hot air balloon basket. Similar to studies with stationary ground microphones, the vehicle is flown past the microphone to gather forward flight external noise data. Because the helicopter and the hot air balloon are both moving in the same air mass when the acoustic measurements are acquired, the new method has many advantages that can be exploited to better investigate helicopter noise sources. One particular advantage is that acoustic data can be taken above the tip-path plane of the rotor without introducing reflections from the ground. Results are presented for a Bell 206B-3 helicopter for several flight conditions demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of this new acoustic flight testing method.
Helicopter Cabin Noise Reduction Based on Compounded Periodic Struts
Authors:   Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Wang Fengjiao , Lu Yang , Li Jianbo
Published: August 2024

To reduce the harmonic noise generated by gear meshing of the main gearbox, a novel compounded periodic strut for helicopter main gearbox is adopted, and its performance of vibration and noise reduction is characterized in this paper. The dynamic models of a single strut and the gearbox/struts coupling system are established based on the spectral element method firstly. Simulation results show that the periodic strut exhibits good abilities of broadband vibration attenuation, not only in the axial direction but also in the lateral and torsional directions. Also, a good broadband vibration isolation characteristic of the gearbox/struts coupling system is obtained with the new struts. Based on the helicopter model test system, experimental research is carried out. The effectiveness of the novel strut used for helicopter cabin broadband noise reduction is demonstrated by the experimental results, where maximum attenuations of measured fuselage vibration and cabin noise exceed 40dB and 30dB respectively in the frequency range from 300 to 2000 Hz.
Advances in Cardiac Telerehabilitation for Older Adults in the Digital Age: A Narrative Review
Authors: Liu Tiansheng , Zou Jieru , Geng Qingshan , Liu Jingjin
Published: August 2024

The population of older adults is growing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains their leading cause of death. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective secondary prevention measure that has been shown to improve quality of life and exercise function, along with reducing recurrence, rehospitalization, and disability risks among older adults. However, CR participation rates are very low, at <50% of CVD patients, due to transportation issues, travel costs, and long distances to rehabilitation centers, among numerous other reasons. Recently, a novel CR model, cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR), has been suggested to address many of the barriers otherwise encountered in implementing traditional center-based CR (CBCR) programs and subsequently increasing patient participation rates. CTR is a part of telemedicine, involving the provision of personalized telehealth services via wireless devices, such as smartphones, wearables, and video consultations, which can remotely monitor patients and provide objective feedback to those unable or unwilling to participate in traditional CBCR. This article reviews CTR importance, safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and implementation to draw attention to such programs for older adults, enhance secondary prevention, and provide a reference basis for future users.
Unveiling the molecular and comorbidity profile among transfusion-dependent and nontransfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic patients in Baghdad city
Authors: Alaqidi Atyab Abdulhameed , Al-Mamoori Hind Shaker
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Beta-thalassemia (BT) is the most common hereditary hemolytic disease in Iraq. The high prevalence rate of this disorder, coupled with, frequently encountered severe clinical course, as well as the life-long burden of comorbidities and complications, have all contributed to its status as one of the most clinically and epidemiologically significant global health issues. This has prompted our efforts to study the molecular map of BT in Baghdad city.

OBJECTIVES:

The aims of this study as to identify the molecular map of BT in patients from Baghdad city with investigating the data from several clinical and disease-associated morbidity parameters to establish potential correlation points.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The molecular profile of HBB gene of 80 transfusion-dependent (TD) and non-TD BT patients from Baghdad thalassemia centers was examined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization technique and direct gene sequencing.

RESULTS:

In the current study, 27 different genotypes were characterized. The most predominant displayed genotypes were IVS 1.110 (G>A)/IVS 1.110 (G>A), and IVS 2.1 (G>A)/IVS 2.1 (G>A). Our data also revealed that 70% of the exhibited genotypes were homozygous, and most of those (78.6%) were TD. As for disease comorbidities, cholelithiasis (53.8%), osteoporosis (51.3%), and facial bone deformity (45%) were among the most frequently encountered in our study.

CONCLUSIONS:

The compiling clinical and molecular data revealed in the current study, has indicated an aggregation of certain homozygous BT genotypes in Baghdad city that possibly influenced the comorbidity profiles of our patients.
Seasonal variations in psychiatry outpatient service utilization in a tertiary health care center in subtropical arid regions of northwestern India
Authors: Meena Parth S. , Sharma Anubhuti , Maurya Ayush , Bansal Varun
Published: August 2024

Background:

Research on climatic parameters contributing to psychiatric disorder seasonality is limited, particularly in subtropical, arid climates like Rajasthan, necessitating investigation into seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder incidence in the region. This study investigates seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder prevalence over 2 years at a Rajasthan tertiary healthcare center, aiming to uncover links with climatic factors.

Aims:

To investigate seasonal variations in the utilization of outpatient psychiatry services and elucidate potential determinants contributing to these temporal variations.

Settings and Design:

This is a hospital-based study. A retrospective chart review of all new patients who utilized psychiatry outpatient services from July 2021 to July 2023 was conducted.

Methods and Material:

Data were gathered from psychiatric outpatient records of adults (July 2021 to July 2023), diagnosed using ICD-10. Seasons were categorized: winter (November–January), spring (February–April), summer (May–July), and rainy (August–October). Meteorological data, temperature, and day length were obtained. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and Chi-square fitness, assessed seasonal associations with psychiatric disorders.

Results:

A total of 29,164 patient records were observed. Depression correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Mania peaked in August, linked to day length. Schizophrenia showed seasonal variation without environmental correlation. Anxiety peaked in March with no statistical significance. Obsessive compulsive disorder cases spiked in June, moderately correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Alcohol-related disorders peaked in December, while opioid dependence remained steady. Cannabis-induced psychosis peaked in summer, strongly correlated with temperature and day length. Headaches surged in August, positively correlated with temperature and day length.

Conclusions:

This study reveals complex relationships between seasonality, environmental factors, and psychiatric disorders, emphasizing their importance in mental health research and practice.
Role of culture and religious beliefs on non-medical help-seeking behavior among patients with chronic mental illnesses (CMIs) in Türkiye
Authors: Ediz Çiçek , Uzun Sevda , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Erdaş Mehmed B.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Cultural beliefs significantly shape societal attitudes toward mental illness, and these social attitudes profoundly impact help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, it is important to focus on understanding and addressing these social behaviors.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic mental illness interpretations based on culture and religious beliefs on non-medical help-seeking behaviors among patients in Türkiye.

Methods:

The study was conducted from September to October 2023 using an inductive qualitative approach. In-depth face-to-face interviews were carried out with individuals diagnosed with chronic mental illness and their relatives, registered in a state-owned Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) in Türkiye. Using purposive sampling, 13 individuals who met the criteria were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes.

Results:

Three main themes and eight sub-themes were identified, including the reasons for seeking non-medical help (psychological challenges, subjective norms, physical requirements), factors contributing to seeking non-medical help (predisposing factors, enabling factors, and myths), and reflections on the benefits of non-medical practices (perceived physical benefits, perceived psychological benefits).

Conclusions:

It was concluded that individuals with chronic mental illness and their relatives living in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye engaged in non-medical help-seeking behaviors and mostly turned to traditional religious practices. Culture and religious beliefs emerged as primary factors leading patients to seek non-medical treatment approaches. Consequently, there is a perceived need to explore non-medical alternative methods across various mental health settings and with diverse samples in future research endeavors.
Significance of Wellens Pattern in Electrocardiogram Revisited – Electrocardiogram and Angiographic Correlation
Authors: Chelakkat Mukundan , Karunadas C. P. , Bijilesh U. , Mathew Cibu
Published: August 2024

Background:

In patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS), electrocardiogram (ECG) may show deep or biphasic T-wave inversions in precordial leads. Previous reports had linked this ECG change with a lesion in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). However, it is often overlooked in the emergency department and is not included in the major scoring systems for risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives:

We assessed coronary angiogram (CAG) lesions in patients with biphasic T inversion and/or deep T inversions by ECG.

Methods:

From July 2019 to November 2021, ECGs of all NSTEACS patients were analyzed and 202 patients who satisfied the criteria were chosen. CAGs were analyzed for the site, severity, and type of lesion. Treatment modality advice was noted.

Results:

One hundred and ninety-five patients had severe disease in the LAD, of which 178 patients had a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator branch. LAD lesions were discrete in 98, tubular in 68, diffuse in 25, and total occlusion in 11 patients. One hundred and thirty-four patients were advised to have percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as treatment. Sixty-three patients with a severe lesion had no recurrent angina and 103 were negative for troponin.

Conclusion:

96.5% of patients with NSTEACS and an ECG abnormality had a significant lesion in the LAD. In 88.1% of patients, the lesion was before the first septal perforator branch. Overall, 66.3% of patients were advised to undergo PCI. The sensitivity of troponin in predicting severe lesion was 47.7%, and the sensitivity of recurrent angina was 67.7% only. This ECG abnormality by itself, even without recurrent angina or troponin elevation, should be an indication for invasive evaluation such as CAG.
Effect of acute and chronic stress on memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress following global cerebral ischemia in adult male rats
Authors: Forghani Nafiseh , Hosseinian Sara , Akhoond-Ali Zahra , Gholami Arman Abroumand , Assaran-Darban Reza , Vafaee Farzaneh
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose:

Stress, especially immobility stress, is quite common and one of the most important and influential risk factors in neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic immobility stress on the level of cortical and hippocampal oxidative stress indicators and memory impairment following global cerebral ischemia.

Experimental approach:

In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: 1, sham (S); 2, sham-acute stress (SSA); 3, sham-chronic stress (SSC); 4, ischemia (IS); 5, ischemia-acute stress (ISA); 6, ischemia-chronic stress (ISC). The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed 14 days after surgery, and cortisol levels and oxidative stress factors such as malondialdehyde MDA and total thiol were measured.

Findings/Results:

In the MWM test, the time to find the platform (latency time) in the ISC and IS groups significantly increased compared to the S group. The time spent in the target quarter in these two groups was significantly reduced compared to the S group on the day of the probe. The results showed a significant increase in cortisol levels and malondialdehyde concentration in the ISA, ISC, and IS groups compared to the S group, but there was no significant difference in total thiol concentration. No significant difference was observed in the level of oxidative stress factors in the cortex.

Conclusion and implication:

Chronic immobility stress could reduce antioxidant factors in the hippocampus and exacerbate memory impairment caused by global ischemia.
Cannabidiol attenuates arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity via the NOX4 and NF-κB pathways in mice
Authors: Vadizadeh Ali , Salehcheh Maryam , Kalantar Hadi , Khorsandi Layasadat , Rashno Mohammad , Mahdavinia Masoud
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose:

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phenolic terpene compound with anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant properties. Since the effects of CBD on sodium arsenite (As)-induced nephrotoxicity have not been fully determined, this study investigated the effect of CBD on As-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the NOX4 and NF-kB pathways in mice.

Experimental approach:

48 male mice were divided into six groups (8 each) including group 1, receiving saline for 14 days; group 2, receiving CBD (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) from the 7th to the 14th day; group 3, receiving As (10 mg/kg) for 14 days by gavage; and treatment groups 4-6, receiving CBD (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) 1.5 h before As (10 mg/kg by gavage, for 14 days) from the 7th to the 14th day. Mice were anesthetized after overnight fasting on day 15, and the blood sample was collected from their hearts. The level of antioxidants and pro-inflammatory factors, the expression of ROS and TNF-α, NF-kB, NOX4, iNOS, cleaved PARP, and caspase-3 proteins were measured and histological studies were performed.

Findings/Results:

Exposure to As significantly increased kidney markers, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in mice kidney tissue, and pretreatment with CBD reversed these changes. In addition, CBD significantly decreased the expression of NF-kB and NOX4, and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of cleaved PARP and increased the level of antioxidants.

Conclusion and implications:

CBD ameliorated As-induced nephrotoxicity related to inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, potentially through the NF-kB/Nox4 pathway.
Bilirubin, once a toxin but now an antioxidant alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an autophagy-dependent manner in high-fat diet-induced rats: a molecular and histopathological analysis
Authors: Tavakoli Ramin , Maleki Mohammad Hasan , Vakili Omid , Taghizadeh Motahareh , Zal Fatemeh , Shafiee Sayed Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose:

As an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin has surprisingly been inversely correlated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thereupon, the current evaluation was designed to assess the positive effects of bilirubin on the autophagy flux, as well as the other pathogenic processes and parameters involved in the expansion of NAFLD.

Experimental approach:

Thirty adult male rats weighing 150-200 g with free access to sucrose solution (18%) were randomly subdivided into 5 groups (n = 6). Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and their blood specimens and liver tissue samples were collected to measure serum biochemical indices, liver histopathological changes, intrahepatic triglycerides content, and tissue stereological alterations. Furthermore, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) were measured to assess the state of the autophagy flux.

Findings/Results:

Fasting blood glucose, body weight, as well as liver weight, liver-specific enzyme activity, and serum lipid profile indices markedly decreased in rats that underwent a six-week bilirubin treatment compared to the control group. In addition, histopathological studies showed that hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis significantly decreased in the groups that received bilirubin compared to the control animals. Bilirubin also caused significant alterations in the expression levels of the Atgs, as well as the Beclin- 1 protein.

Conclusion and implication:

Bilirubin may have potential ameliorative effects on NAFLD-associated liver damage. Moreover, the beneficial effects of bilirubin on intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis were comparable with the group that did not ever receive bilirubin.
Cinnamaldehyde potentiates cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of doxorubicin in prostate cancer cell line
Authors: Abbassi Abbas , Yaghmaei Parichehr , Hosseinzadeh Leila
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose:

Nowadays, herbal medicine has been utilized to treat various diseases such as cancer, which showed successful therapeutic efficacy in previous studies. This study for the first time evaluated the cytotoxic potential of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) alone and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known potent anti-tumor agent, on the proliferation of prostatic cancer cell line (PC3).

Experimental approach:

The cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities of CIN and DOX, either separately or together, were determined on PC3 cells by the MTT test and Annexin V/PI assay, respectively. To further investigate which apoptotic pathway participated in cell death a collection of prominent markers of apoptosis induction including caspase-3/7 activations, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and phosphatidyl serine translocation were detected.

Findings/Results:

The different concentrations of CIN and DOX significantly inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells in a concentration-dependent way within a 24-h treatment. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by CIN was accompanied by an increase in the activation of caspase-3/7 in PC3 cells with IC50 concentrations of 12.5 and 10 μg/mL for CIN and DOX, respectively. Moreover, the morphological observations obtained from flow cytometry MMP and caspase-3/7 activity assays, altogether, revealed the potential effect of CIN on apoptosis induced in PC3 cells by DOX.

Conclusions and implications:

Taken together, the current study concluded that the combination of CIN and DOX could lead to the production of a potential therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are still needed to validate this combination in prostate cancer therapy.