bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The non-economic consequences of disclosure in Islamic banks
Authors: El-Halaby Sherif , Hussainey Khaled , Abou-El-Sood Heba
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of sharia, social and financial disclosure on stakeholders’ loyalty towards Islamic banks (IBs). The paper also aims to examine the extent to which trust and satisfaction mediate this effect.

Design/methodology/approach

It uses data collected from 600 respondents to survey questionnaires disseminated to stakeholders from 15 countries dealing with IBs. Structural equation modelling is adopted with a partial least square approach.

Findings

The results indicate that there is a significant impact of disclosure on stakeholders’ trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. The results also indicate that there is a partial mediating effect of trust and satisfaction in the relationship between disclosure and loyalty. This paper is one of the first studies examining the effect of disclosure on stakeholders’ loyalty. The authors provide novel findings, which have theoretical and practical implications for disclosure in IBs and their relationship with stakeholders.

Originality/value

The analysis offers a novel contribution to the Islamic banking literature by offering the first evidence on the impact of disclosure on stakeholders’ trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.
Branded retailer expansion on a continent-sized emerging market
Authors: Gomes Renata Maria , Carneiro Jorge , Dib Luis Antonio
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify patterns for the intra-market expansion of international branded retailers on a continent-sized emerging market using the network approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A multiple-case study design of four foreign branded retailers that have expanded onto regional markets in Brazil is used.

Findings

The intra-market expansion process shares similarities with the cross-market expansion process; is influenced by the relationships of foreign branded retailers with local competitors and shopping mall firms; and market selection, mode of operation and store location decisions are interrelated and conjointly taken, instead of forming a three-stage process. Additionally, the importance of relationships with host market shopping malls firms is highlighted.

Research limitations/implications

This paper advances a conceptual model of the intra-market expansion process, which comprises a system of interrelated decisions – (regional) market selection, mode of operation and store location – influenced by several network effects.

Practical implications

Managers of foreign branded retail suffer from liability of foreignness when undertaking intra-market expansion. Although Brazil is a large market, the retail community is highly connected because of managers’ personal relationships. Brazilian shopping malls dominate suitable store locations, and represent a valuable source of knowledge and resources for the foreign branded retailer.

Originality/value

This paper addresses two under-researched aspects of international retail: branded retailers – manufacturers that develop brands and operate stores – and intra-market expansion (i.e. to geographic regions of a given foreign country). It also discusses the challenges of intra-market expansion in continent-sized emerging markets, with considerable regional diversity (culture, infrastructure and institutions).
Validity and reliability of rating scales for subjective breathing resistance of wearing respirators
Authors: Chen Yumiao , Yang Zhongliang
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Investigating the subjective breathing resistance of wearing respirators requires a valid and reliable technique to measure breathing resistance. The purpose of this study is to test the validity and reliability of several rating scales and select the best for investigation of breathing resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors designed three scales, that is, BRX scale, CP-100 scale and RVAS scale, and 30 subjects were separated into three groups, each group with a different scale. They sat for 5 min and walked for 5 min while wearing three models of respirators. After each trial, subjects were asked to complete subjective ratings of breathing resistance. Reliability was examined by the coefficient of Cronbach’s α, and validity was examined through content validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity. Generally, subjects were capable of reporting their sensation of breathing resistance by using the rating scale technique. However, the accuracy of rating strongly depended upon the properties of the scale.

Findings

The CP-100 scale was found to be highly reliable and most valid for rating subjective breath resistance. The validated CP-100 scale is very sensitive and accurate.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to select the best subjective scale for investigation of breathing resistance of respirators. The CP-100 scale will find wide applications in subjective breathing resistance evaluation for the use of respirators in industrial benchmarking activities. It will introduce the human factor engineering into the respirator manufacturing to improve the comfort of respirators.
Influence of the cutting condition on the wear and the surface roughness in the steel AISI 4140 with mixed ceramic and diamond tool
Authors: Aouad Razika , Amara Idriss
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth) on the roughness (Ra) and on the flank wear (Vb) of the steel AISI 4140.

Design/methodology/approach

Mixed ceramic (CC650) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) have been used to carry out straight turning tests under dry conditions.

Findings

The results indicate that PCBN is more efficient than mixed ceramic (Al2O3+TiC) used in terms of wear resistance regardless of the aggressiveness of the AISI 4140 at 50 hardness rockwell (HRC). Consequently, it is the most powerful. Surface quality attained with PCBN tool considerably compares with that of grinding. Even when the tool wear VB reached 0.3 mm, the majority of the recorded Ra values did not exceed 1 m at the various speeds tested. The correlation of tool wear Vb and surface roughness Ra established allows obtaining experimental empirical data on the cutting tool wear from measured surface roughness for practical use in industry. The values of constants and the coefficient of determinationR2of this mathematical model will be calculated. Mathematical models expressing the relation between the elements of the cutting regime and technological parameters (tool life and roughness) are proposed.

Originality/value

Many works have been already made in the similar manner, but this study of CC650 and PCBN wear is the first. Through this study, we propose a mathematical model expressing the relation between the elements of the cutting regime, tool life and roughness.
Commercial sexual exploitation of children: victim characteristics
Authors: Klimley Kristin Elizabeth , Carpinteri Alexis , Benson Brandy , Van Hasselt Vincent B. , Black Ryan A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The commercialized sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), specifically child trafficking, prostitution, pornography, and enticement, has become a burgeoning topic over the past several decades. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics of those victims who were at risk for sex trafficking, prostitution, pornography, and traveling/enticement.

Design/methodology/approach

This observational, survey design includes a records review of 18 victims who were identified by the FBI Miami Field Office. Case illustrations are provided for a more in-depth analysis of CSEC victims.

Findings

The results of this paper indicated that hands-on sexual abuse and child prostitution were the most common CSEC offenses that victims experienced. Additionally, Caucasian females, between 13 and 18 years of age, were often victimized. Victims more frequently experienced web forms of sexual abuse and engaged in risky sexual behaviors outside of the victimization. Further, the majority of victims in the sample came from a low socioeconomic background and lived in a single-parent home.

Practical implications

The current results, combined with prior research, may aid law enforcement, mental health, and medical professionals in understanding potential characteristics correlated with various forms of CSEC offenses.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first descriptive studies involving case illustrations of CSEC victims.
I think you can: transpersonal efficacy in teams
Authors: Dubrow Samantha , Emich Kyle J. , Behrend Tara S.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand the nomological network of a relational efficacy construct, transpersonal efficacy, and examine its effect on attitudes and behaviors important for team performance. The authors identify several antecedents to transpersonal efficacy, including task interdependence, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The authors also find that transpersonal efficacy is related to relational attitudes and behaviors in teams.

Design/methodology/approach

This study consists of an online cross-sectional survey completed by participants representing a wide range of occupations, team types, contexts and industries. Participants reported on their working relationships with team members and various behavioral outcomes. Participants used the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) to describe their teammates’ job requirements and to evaluate each teammate’s ability to complete required tasks. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test hypotheses.

Findings

Findings suggest that people in highly interdependent teams have more confidence in their teammates. Further, transpersonal efficacy predicts relationship, task and process conflict when controlling for team task interdependence and virtualness, along with individual differences including agreeableness and conscientiousness. Transpersonal efficacy also contributes to the prediction of relationship conflict beyond the explained variance of collective efficacy.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to our understanding of individuals in teams by using social cognitive theory, expectancy theory and uncertainty reduction theory as a base for predicting the value of transpersonal efficacy in driving relational team behaviors. The authors uniquely consider efficacy as an interpersonal construct that is related to individual behaviors and attitudes that target specific teammates, rather than the team as a whole.
Technological innovation and socioemotional wealth in family firm research
Authors: Martínez-Alonso Rubén , Martínez-Romero María J. , Rojo-Ramírez Alfonso A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

There are currently two issues that generate growing interest among specialized scholars within the family business field: technological innovation (TI) and socioemotional wealth (SEW). While it is true that both topics are highly popular among researchers, the joint study of both perspectives is scarce. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the interrelationships between TI and SEW in the context of family firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review systematically analyses the findings of 25 journal articles focusing on TI and SEW, published between 2012 and 2018.

Findings

The findings reveal an integrative approach, identifying different variables that relate TI and SEW. A conceptual framework is built in which these variables are incorporated into four categories (SEW, TI, moderating effects and performance). New lines of research emerge with the development of a conceptual model and the formulation of six propositions.

Practical implications

The conceptual framework can be useful as integrative summary of the factors that family business managers and directors should take into account to be successful in implementing innovative projects and strategies.

Originality/value

The study of TI from the SEW approach has emerged as a fruitful field of research in recent years, but the current knowledge of the role that SEW plays in family firms’ TI is still scarce. This paper contributes to the family business literature by offering a conceptual framework of the SEW–TI relationship and new research avenues that will provide a better comprehension for scholars and specialists for future investigations in the field.
How crucial is the social responsibility for tourism sustainability?
Authors: Paskova Martina , Zelenka Josef
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The paper aims to analyse the social responsibility concept and to explore its role in the implementation process of the tourism sustainability concept. The intention is to explore the way in which the social responsibility concept is implemented in the tourism and analyse how it contributes to its sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

In this interpretivist research, the authors implemented a qualitative strategy using the following methods: content, critical and comparative analyses of the results reported in available scientific studies, categorization, causal analysis and mental mapping. The authors identified 14 thematic categories of research on the tourism social responsibility. For the causal description, the authors used driving force, pressure, state, impact, response (DPSIR) method.

Findings

The results include identification of the categories of the research topics concerning tourism social responsibility as well as categories of the approaches to the implementation of the social responsibility into the practice of the tourism sector. The causal description of this implementation process is elaborated in the form of the DPSIR model. The created mental map shows the specific facets of the social responsibility concept applied to the diverse tourism subsectors.

Originality value

The main contribution lies in basic overview of the conceptual (theoretical) and instrumental (practical) base for implementation of the social responsibility concept into the tourism, providing in this way a critical analysis of examples of the social responsibility practice in the key tourism subsectors. The examination of the causal analyses in the form of DPSIR model as well as employment of the content analyses in the form of mental map represent innovative approach to the tourism responsibility research.
A new fluid factor and its application using a deep learning approach
Authors: Liu Changcheng , Ghosh Deva Prasad , Salim Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Chow Weng Sum
Published: October 2018

Amplitude interpretation for hydrocarbon prediction is an important task in the oil and gas industry. Seismic amplitude is dominated by porosity, the volume of clay, pore‐filled fluid type and lithology. A few seismic attributes are proposed to predict the existence of hydrocarbon. This paper proposes a new fluid factor by adding a correct item based on the J attribute. The algorithm is verified through stochastic Monte Carlo modelling that contains various rock physical properties of sand and shale. Both gas and oil responses are separated by the new fluid factor. Furthermore, an approach based on the neural network model is trained using the deep learning method to predict the new fluid factor. The confusion matrix shows that this model performs well. This model allows the application of the new fluid factor in the seismic data. In this study, the Marmousi II data set is used to examine the performance of the new fluid factor, and the result is good. Most hydrocarbon reservoirs are identified in the shale–sandstone sequences. The combination of deep learning and the new fluid factor provides a more accurate way for hydrocarbon prediction.
Loans from English provincial towns to the crown during the reigns of Edward II and Edward III*
Authors: McCallum Robin
Published: October 2018

This article examines the origins and evolution of the English crown's policy of requesting loans from towns to finance military campaigns between 1307 and 1377. By analysing the exchequer receipt rolls, it illustrates how Edward II experimented with urban loans from 1311 to circumvent the restrictions imposed by the ordinances. It subsequently examines when and why urban loans became a regular policy; how they were negotiated, collected and reimbursed; and why towns and their inhabitants contributed credit. Although they were of marginal financial value, these loans transformed the political relationship between the crown and towns in the later middle ages.
The doctrine of the Sabbath in the Edwardian Reformation*
Authors: Tong Stephen
Published: October 2018

This article charts the development and impact of the doctrine of the Sabbath within the thought and practice of mid Tudor evangelicals. Differing opinions about the application of the Sabbath during the Edwardian Reformation exposed competing concepts of the Church, which had practical ramifications for public worship. Although the doctrine has been given ample attention in studies focusing on the rise of puritanism, its significance during the Edwardian Reformation has been neglected. This article offers a fresh perspective on the topic and challenges long-held assumptions about attitudes toward the Sabbath throughout the English Reformation.
The Quest for Water, Rights and Freedoms: Informal Urban Settlements in India
Authors: Gimelli Francesco M. , Rogers Briony C. , Bos Joannette J.
Published: October 2018

In this article, we draw on the narratives of residents and development workers to understand what freedoms hinder and enable access to water services in informal settlements in the Indian cities of Faridabad, Delhi and Mumbai. We show that although development practice and thinking in the water sector often frame water deficiencies as politically neutral technical and governance challenges, residents and development workers on the ground identify a lack of freedoms relating to first of all, residents’ rights to the city and its resources, and secondly, meaningful engagement between residents and the political establishment as key causes for inadequate access to water services. Our findings indicate that water‐service development efforts can be more effective if they include strategies to strengthen informal settlers’ rights to the city through a politicization of public engagement. We discuss the implications of our findings for practice and outline a future research agenda geared towards operationalizing our key findings.
Estimating effective detection area of static passive acoustic data loggers from playback experiments with cetacean vocalisations
Authors: Nuuttila Hanna K. , Brundiers Katharina , Dähne Michael , Koblitz Jens C. , Thomas Len , Courtene‐Jones Winnie , Evans Peter G. H. , Turner John R. , Bennell Jim D. , Hiddink Jan G.
Published: October 2018

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is used for many vocal species. However, few studies have quantified the fraction of vocalisations captured, and how animal distance and sound source level affect detection probability. Quantifying the detection probability or effective detection area (EDA) of a recorder is a prerequisite for designing and implementing monitoring studies, and essential for estimating absolute density and abundance fromPAMdata.

We tested the detector performance of cetacean click loggers (C‐PODs) using artificial and recorded harbour porpoise clicks played at a range of distances and source levels. Detection rate of individual clicks and click sequences (or click trains) was calculated. A Generalised Additive Model (GAM) was used to create a detection function and estimate the effective detection radius (EDR) andEDAfor both types of signals.

Source level and distance from logger influenced the detection probability. Whilst differences between loggers were evident, detectability was influenced more by the deployment site than within‐logger variability. Maximum distance for detecting real recorded porpoise clicks was 566 m. MeanEDRfor artificial signals with source level 176dBre 1 μPa @ 1m was 187 m., and for a recorded vocalisation with source level up to 182dBre 1 μPa was 188 m. For detections classified as harbour porpoise click sequences the meanEDRwas 72 m.

The analytical methods presented are a valid technique for estimating theEDAof any logger used in abundance estimates. We present a practical way to obtain data with a cetacean click logger, with the caveat that artificial playbacks cannot mimic real animal behaviour and are at best able to account for some of the variability in detections between sites, removing logger and propagation effects so that what remains is density and behavioural differences. If calibrated against real‐worldEDAs (e.g., from tagged animals) it is possible to estimate site‐specific detection area and absolute density. We highlight the importance of accounting for both biological and environmental factors affecting vocalisations so that accurate estimates of detection area can be determined, and effective monitoring regimes implemented.
Plants: Crop diversity pre‐breeding technologies as agrarian care co‐opted?
Authors: Graddy‐Lovelace Garrett
Published: October 2018

Within the realm of international agricultural biodiversity conservation, there has been a surge of funding for “pre‐breeding” of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Molecular high‐throughput analysis, among other techniques, attempts to discern, document, and digitise the genomic traits of farmer/landrace varieties and crop wild relatives stored in gene banks to render them legible fodder for professional breeding. But pre‐breeding necessitates thorough phenotypic evaluation and characterisation to understand the physiological attributes, heritable traits, and responses of a plant through its life cycle, under various growing and climactic conditions. This paper explores the irony that a range of surveillance technologies have been developed and deployed to mimic the agrarian work and skills of observing plants and attending to how they are faring, what they like and do not like over many seasons and contexts. These calls and technologies acknowledge the need for heedful attention to crops, even as they further displace actual farmers and their longstanding modes of selecting and saving open‐pollinated seeds each harvest. Here, attending to crops entails remembering and communicating collectively gathered information of and from the plant. Such agrarian expertise of caring for plants has been systematically devalued and de‐intellectualised, with gendered implications. Drawing on feminist geographies and political ecology, a landscape of care framework discloses the matrix of human and beyond‐human care at work in cultivating agricultural biodiversity. Rather than ushering in a new valuation of this expertise, new pre‐breeding technologies and trainings continue to ignore on‐farm, plant‐based care work and the farmers who do it. Calling out this contradiction could help re‐centre such agrarian care skills as the crux to effective agricultural biodiversity utilisation. The proliferation of pre‐breeding technologies could signify the co‐optation of agrarian care skills or the opportunity to re‐centre and revalue them.
Unsupervised Deep Single‐Image Intrinsic Decomposition using Illumination‐Varying Image Sequences
Authors: Lettry L. , Vanhoey K. , Van Gool L.
Published: October 2018

Machine learning based Single Image Intrinsic Decomposition (SIID) methods decompose a captured scene into its albedo and shading images by using the knowledge of a large set of known and realistic ground truth decompositions. Collecting and annotating such a dataset is an approach that cannot scale to sufficient variety and realism. We free ourselves from this limitation by training on unannotated images.

Our method leverages the observation that two images of the same scene but with different lighting provide useful information on their intrinsic properties: by definition, albedo is invariant to lighting conditions, and cross‐combining the estimated albedo of a first image with the estimated shading of a second one should lead back to the second one's input image. We transcribe this relationship into a siamese training scheme for a deep convolutional neural network that decomposes a single image into albedo and shading. The siamese setting allows us to introduce a new loss function including such cross‐combinations, and to train solely on (time‐lapse) images, discarding the need for any ground truth annotations.

As a result, our method has the good properties of i) taking advantage of the time‐varying information of image sequences in the (pre‐computed) training step, ii) not requiring ground truth data to train on, and iii) being able to decompose single images of unseen scenes at runtime. To demonstrate and evaluate our work, we additionally propose a new rendered dataset containing illumination‐varying scenes and a set of quantitative metrics to evaluate SIID algorithms. Despite its unsupervised nature, our results compete with state of the art methods, including supervised and non data‐driven methods.
Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis of subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma: A retrospective study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Rutnin Suthinee , Porntharukcharoen Saneerat , Boonsakan Paisarn
Published: October 2018

Background

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTL) as strictly defined by World Health Organization‐European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification is a rare cytotoxic α/β T‐cell lymphoma, characterized by primary involvement of subcutaneous tissue mimicking panniculitis.

Objectives

To describe the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of SPTL.

Methods

A 10‐year retrospective study of 18 patients diagnosed with SPTL was thoroughly reviewed according to clinicopathology, immunophenotype, and T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement.

Results

Of the 18 patients, 16 patients were definitely diagnosed with SPTL. The median age was 26 years (ranged 14‐53 years) with female predominance. Most patients presented with prolonged fever and subcutaneous nodules and/or plaques, usually located on lower extremities. 37.5% of patients had hemophagocytic syndrome. The main histopathology was lobular panniculitis with rimming of atypical lymphocytes highlighted by CD3+, CD8+, Beta‐F1+, granzyme B+, and Ki‐67 (50%‐90%). Monoclonal TCR gene rearrangement was found in 50% of patients and upper extremities involvement indicated a poor prognosis.

Conclusion

The correlation between clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study is the most helpful method to give a precise diagnosis of SPTL. Rimming of CD8+ atypical lymphocytes highlighted by high Ki‐67 index is highly specific for the diagnosis of SPTL.
Ventricular mechanics in adolescent and adult patients with a Fontan circulation: Relation to geometry and wall stress
Authors: Rösner Assami , Khalapyan Tigran , Pedrosa João , Dalen Håvard , McElhinney Doff B. , Friedberg Mark K. , Lui George K.
Published: October 2018

Background

Patients with single ventricle physiology and Fontan circulation are at increased risk for late complications and reduced survival. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between ventricular geometry and systolic regional function in different underlying anatomic conditions in adolescent and adult Fontan‐palliated patients.

Method

In a retrospective cross‐sectional study, we measured 2D strain, ventricular diameters, ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (EF), global and segmental wall stress, and sphericity index. The same analyses were performed in 99 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals.

Results

One hundred and one patients were included at a mean age of 21 (range 14–59) years. In comparison with healthy subjects, patients with Fontan circulation displayed larger ventricular volumes (153 ± 78 mL vs 116 ± 38 mL P < 0.05), reduced EF (43% ± 15% vs 55% ± 8% P < 0.05), reduced longitudinal (−13% ± 6% vs −21% ± 4% P < 0.05) and circumferential strain values (−15% ± 7% vs −22% ± 4% P < 0.05). Functionally single ventricles were more spherical (ratio of longitudinal to short‐axis diameters 1.3 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.2 P < 0.05). Circumferential strain correlated well with global wall stress and the degree of sphericity (R2 = 0.320), while segmental strain did not correlate with segmental wall stress. The percentage of segments with akinesia was relatively high (16 ± 16% vs 0 ± 0% P < 0.05) indicating reduced segmental contractile function.

Conclusion

Functionally single ventricles after Fontan palliation have significantly reduced systolic regional and global function with a high intersegmental inhomogeneity. The underlying pathological mechanisms might be multifactorial, including ventricular geometry, sphericity, and regional contractile properties. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of ventricular geometry for clinical performance and outcome.
Income from nutrition and oral health management among long‐term care insurance facilities in Niigata Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kishimoto Natsuki , Stegaroiu Roxana , Shibata Satoko , Otsuka Hiromi , Ohuchi Akitsugu
Published: October 2018

Objective

To determine recent insurance claim rates for, facility income from, and the roles of professionals associated with management of nutrition, oral ingestion and oral health maintenance in long‐term care insurance facilities (LTCIFs) in Niigata Prefecture.

Methods

A questionnaire on current staffing, oral health professional (OHP) utilisation, and claims for insured benefits for the investigated services was mailed to all LTCIFs in Niigata Prefecture, Japan (n = 304). Claim rates for and average facility income from these benefits were calculated. Facility income was compared between facilities with and without employed OHPs. Statistically significant factors associated with claims for investigated benefits were identified by logistic regression.

Results

Responses from 111 facilities indicated that they made insurance claims for nutrition management (95%), transition from tube feeding to oral ingestion (9%), basic maintenance of oral ingestion (39%), additional services for maintenance of oral ingestion (23%), oral health management system (68%), and oral health management (17%). Most facilities established collaborations with private dental clinics, but only 16% of facilities employed OHPs. Facility income was significantly higher (P = 0.005) for facilities that employed OHPs. OHP employment by facilities was associated with claims for four of the six benefits (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Most facilities consulted with private dental clinics, and 16% of the facilities employed dentists or dental hygienists to help residents manage oral ingestion problems and oral health maintenance. The facility income associated with management of these problems was significantly higher in facilities employing dental professionals.
Changing Opportunities for Learning in Everyday Life: Infant Body Position Over the First Year
Authors: Franchak John M.
Published: October 2018

Developmental theories depend on characterizing the input to potential learning mechanisms—infants’ everyday experiences. The current study employed a novel ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure two aspects of the physical context of those experiences: body position and location. Infant body position was selected because it relates to the development of a variety of other skills. Caregivers of 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month‐olds reported infants’ body position—held, supine, reclined, prone, sitting, or upright—in response to text message notifications over a week to capture infants’ experiences across the entire range of their daily activities. Findings revealed a tremendous disparity in the distribution of body position experiences over the first year. Younger infants spend more time held, supine, and reclined, whereas older infants spend more time sitting and upright. Body position experiences differed substantially between same‐age infants who possess a motor skill (e.g., ability to sit or walk) compared with those who did not, suggesting that developing motor skills change infants’ everyday experiences. Finally, the success of the methodology suggests that similarEMAs might be used to study a wide range of infants’ naturalistic experiences.
Practitioner Review: Posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment in children and adolescents
Authors: Smith Patrick , Dalgleish Tim , Meiser‐Stedman Richard
Published: October 2018

Important advances in understanding traumatic stress reactions in children and young people have been made in recent years. The aim of this review was to synthesise selected recent research findings, with a focus on their relevance to clinical practice. We therefore address: findings on the epidemiology of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); recent changes to diagnostic classification; implications for screening and assessment of traumatic stress reactions; and treatment outcome studies including interventions for acute and chronic PTSD, dissemination of effective treatments into community settings, and early interventions. We conclude with recommendations for clinical practice and suggestions for future areas of research.
Adoption: A Strategy to Fulfill Sex Preferences of U.S. Parents
Authors: Larsen Gibby Ashley , Thomas Kevin J. A.
Published: October 2018

Objective: This article examines adoption as a strategy used by parents in the United States to fulfill their preference for a specific sex composition among their children.

Background: Evidence from the United States suggests that parents with children of the same sex are more likely to continue childbearing, as parents generally desire at least one girl and one boy. What is unknown, however, is whether parents use adoption to fulfill this same preference.

Method: Using data from the 2016 American Community Survey (n = 1,107,800 children), the authors test the relationships among the sex composition of preceding siblings, child sex, and adoption status.

Results: Children who had same‐sex preceding siblings were more likely to be adopted, as opposed to biologically related to their parents, than children who had mixed‐sex preceding siblings. Furthermore, adopted children were more likely to be of the missing sex (i.e., adopted girls were more likely than were adopted boys to have only preceding brothers).

Conclusion: These findings suggest a need to consider parental sex preferences and child sex in studies on adoption decisions. Furthermore, the results point to adoption as an additional mechanism parents can use to achieve a balanced sex composition among their children.
Interproximal Open Contacts Between Implant Restorations and Adjacent Teeth. Prevalence – Causes – Possible Solutions
Authors: Varthis Spyridon , Tarnow Dennis P. , Randi Anthony
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To present the prevalence and contributing factors of interproximal contact loss (ICL) between implant restorations and adjacent teeth, and to provide recommendations for possible prevention and treatment of this complication.

Materials and Methods

The authors explored the dental literature on PubMed on ICL between implants and adjacent teeth, interproximal contacts, open contacts, teeth migration causes, facial bone formation, and facial bone changes.

Results

ICL between fixed implant prostheses and adjacent teeth has been reported. A literature search revealed 7 studies showing a high prevalence of ICL between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth. The literature indicates that this ICL is greater in the mesial aspect in comparison with the distal. As identified by the literature review, ICL in the maxilla ranged between 18% and 66% versus 37% to 54% in the mandible. ICL might occur as early as 3 months after prosthetic treatment. The literature review documented possible tooth migration causes, crown‐related causes, and bone formation/growth‐related causes of ICL.

Conclusions

ICL is a common multifactorial implant complication. The clinical condition will dictate if the implant crown needs to be modified/replaced or the natural tooth needs to be restored to reestablish interproximal contact between an implant prosthesis and adjacent tooth. Periodic evaluations of interproximal contacts between implant restorations and the adjacent teeth and the use of screw‐retained restorations due to ease of removal is recommended to diagnose and mitigate the problem. An orthodontic retainer or occlusal guard may help prevent ICL between the implant restoration and the adjacent tooth.
A New Device to Prevent Aspiration or Swallowing of Implant Screwdrivers
Authors: Appelbaum Marc
Published: October 2018

The screwdriver harness is potentially a life‐saving device. It allows the clinician to work intraorally with a handheld screwdriver without the concern of unintentionally losing contact with the driver, risking the possibility of aspiration or swallowing by the patient.
Lexicon development for the sensory description of rye bread
Authors: Tran Thao , James Meetha Nesam , Chambers Delores , Koppel Kadri , Chambers Edgar
Published: October 2018

Rye bread constitutes a major part of the Northern European cuisine and is known for its flavor versatility. Due to the large flavor difference between rye bread from Northern Europe and the United States, this study was designed to develop and evaluate a lexicon which acts as a tool for understanding the flavor profile of rye bread consumed in the United States and Northern Europe. A highly trained panel developed, defined, and referenced a lexicon with 28 flavor attributes using a consensus descriptive analysis method with 32 Northern European and U.S rye bread. The lexicon was tested with 18 representative samples. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results confirmed the high versatility in flavor among rye breads and revealed clear differences between Northern European rye breads and the U.S rye breads. Northen European rye bread flavor was spread over a wider flavor range than the U.S. products, and scored higher in sweet, overall grain, bran, and rye than U.S. rye breads.

Practical applications

The development of this lexicon for rye bread can help researchers to better understand the flavor profile of rye bread and support manufacturers in differentiating their products from competitors as well as improving existing products on the market.
Photodynamic detection of a canine glioblastoma using 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Yamashita M. , Osaki T. , Sunden Y. , Takahashi K. , Ishizuka M. , Tanaka T. , Li L. , Okamoto Y.
Published: October 2018

Photodynamic detection using 5‐aminolevulinic acid has been used to identify the surgical margins during resection of human primary brain tumours. Although there are some reports on its use in malignant tumours in veterinary medicine, it has never been used for primary brain tumours. Here we describe a canine glioblastoma that was detected at autopsy with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence induced by orally administered 5‐aminolevulinic acid. The fluorescence was strongest towards the centre of the lesion and was absent in normal brain tissue. Moreover, the fluorescence findings were consistent with MRI and histopathological findings. Our findings suggest that photodynamic detection using 5‐aminolevulinic acid might be useful for intraoperative fluorescence‐guided resection of malignant gliomas in dogs.
Social Capital, Trust and Entrepreneurial Productivity
Authors: Salas‐Fumás Vicente , Sanchez‐Asin J. Javier
Published: October 2018

With an incomplete panel data from 63 countries over 25 years this paper finds that the average number of employees per entrepreneur increases with the countries' levels of social capital. This evidence is in line with predictions from occupational choice models, where the equilibrium average size of firms increases with lower internal costs of growth, when social capital supported trust reduces these costs facilitating the delegation of decision power in firms. We also find that the influence of social capital in self‐employed rates differs if the self‐employed have employees or not so entrepreneurs should be treated as a heterogeneous group.
Response regulator VemR regulates the transcription of flagellar rod gene flgG by interacting with σ54 factor RpoN2 in Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhao Zhiwen , Luo Xuming , Fan Xiaojing , Zhuo Tao , Hu Xun , Liu Jun , Zou Huasong
Published: October 2018

Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri, a polar flagellated bacterium, causes citrus canker disease worldwide. In this study, we found that the X. citri ssp. citri response regulator VemR plays a regulatory role in flagellum‐derived cell motility. Deletion of the vemR gene resulted in a reduction in cell motility, as well as reductions in virulence and exopolysaccharide production. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) demonstrated that vemR is transcribed in an operon together with rpoN2 and fleQ. In the vemR mutant, the flagellar distal rod gene flgG was significantly down‐regulated. Because flgG is also rpoN2 dependent, we speculated that VemR and RpoN2 physically interact, which was confirmed by yeast two‐hybrid and maltose‐binding protein (MBP) pull‐down assays. This suggested that the transcription of flgG is synergistically controlled by VemR and RpoN2. To confirm this, we constructed a vemR and rpoN2 double mutant. In this mutant, the reductions in cell motility and flgG transcription were unable to be restored by the expression of either vemR or rpoN2 alone. In contrast, the expression of both vemR and rpoN2 together in the double mutant restored the wild‐type phenotype. Together, our data demonstrate that the response regulator VemR functions as an RpoN2 cognate activator to positively regulate the transcription of the rod gene flgG in X. citri ssp. citri.
The effect of external shocks on Iran's oil economy: a BVAR‐DSGE approach
Authors: Esmailipour Masouleh Elham , Shirinbakhsh Masouleh Shamsolah , Ebrahimi Ilnaz
Published: October 2018

Given the economy's high dependence on oil revenues as well as oil's influential role in the government's budget, we seek to examine the impact of oil revenue shocks on Iran's economy by means of a DSGE‐BVAR model. To capture the intrinsic features of Iran's economy, we allow for a higher level of rigidity for government current spending as oil revenues play an integral role in public budget allocation to current and construction spending. As oil accounts for a high percentage of Iran's currency revenue, we take it as the sole source of export income. We identify technology shocks, oil revenue shocks, exchange rate shocks and money supply shocks as the main sources of business cycle fluctuations. After estimating the model with quarterly data over the period 1369:1–1392:4, the analysis of impulse response functions indicate that production and inflation responses to shocks confirm factual data and the relevant theories. In response to monetary and oil shocks, output rises in the short term while it falls as a result of a surge in the general price level. Exchange rate shock generates a decrease in output but it increases in the long run gaining support from better investment. Moreover, positive monetary, currency and oil shocks generate an increase in inflation while technology shocks induce a decrease in inflation.
Diagnostic value of HBME‐1, CK19, Galectin 3, and CD56 in the subtypes of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Cho Haeyon , Kim Ji‐Ye , Oh Young Lyun
Published: October 2018

Our aim is to explore differences in Hector Battifora mesothelial‐1 (HBME‐1), cytokeratin‐19 (CK19), Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), and CD56 expression in infiltrative follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (IFVPTC) and encapsulated follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (EFVPTC) and to provide clues for distinguishing the two subtypes preoperatively. Tissue microarrays from 100 EFVPTC (45 non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) and 55 invasive EFVPTCs), 43 IFVPTCs, and 64 follicular neoplasms (FN) were immunostained with HBME‐1, CK19, Gal‐3, and CD56. Each case was scored 1 point for every positive result. Immunohistochemical expression was not significantly different in invasive EFVPTC and NIFTP, except for that of HBME‐1. HBME‐1, CK19, Gal‐3, and CD56 expression were significantly higher in IFVPTC than in EFVPTC. At the cutoff of 3 points, the score method had special diagnostic value for differentiating IFVPTC from EFVPTC and FN and for predicting lymph node metastasis. Scoring of immunohistochemistry results may be applied to core biopsy or cell blocks to assist ultrasonographic, cytologic and molecular tests in differentiating IFVPTC and EFVPTC preoperatively, possibly appropriately guiding EFVPTC preoperatively for limited operation or active surveillance.
Fantasia on a Harpsichord Case: The Allegorische Voorstelling van Amsterdam als Centrum van de Wereldhandel of Pieter Isaacsz
Authors: Chan Eleanor
Published: October 2018

Lost for many years, the Amsterdam city harpsichord case (alias the Allegorische Voorstelling van Amsterdam) was ultimately identified in an auction in 1999 by its distinctive representation of the sky. The Allegorische Voorstelling is often taken to depict the successes of the Dutch East India Company, and thus seen predominantly as a colonial work. However, this reading suppresses the context of the case’s creation and the way in which it interacts with both the intellectual and musical culture of its time. It is a musical instrument, not simply a panel painting: it has sonic resonance. In this period, the senses were important cognitive tools. As a result, the sonic context of the Allegorische Voorstelling would have been far more resonant, and far more perceptible, to its original viewers than it is to twenty‐first century viewers. This article seeks to demonstrate the value of examining the Allegorische Voorstelling with full appreciation of what music and hearing meant for cognition reveals a subtler, undercurrent to its territorial statement than first appears.
Peritoneal dialysis has optimal intradialytic hemodynamics and preserves residual renal function: Why isn't it better than hemodialysis?
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Kazmi Isma
Published: October 2018

Rates of cardiovascular mortality are disproportionately high in patients with end stage kidney disease receiving dialysis. However, it is now generally accepted that patient survival is broadly equivalent between the two most frequently used forms of dialysis, in‐center hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). This equivalent patient survival is notable when considering how specific aspects of HD have been shown to contribute to morbidity and mortality. These include more rapid loss of residual renal function (RRF), HD‐induced myocardial and cerebral ischemia, and risk factors associated with the intermittent delivery of HD. Potential mechanisms specific to PD that may drive cardiovascular disease include the metabolic consequences of excessive absorption of glucose and glucose degradation products (GDPs), inadequate volume control, and high rates of hypokalemia. The aim of this review is to compare and contrast the different drivers of adverse outcomes between the dialysis modalities, as greater understanding of this may help in patient‐centered decision‐making when considering options for renal replacement therapy.