bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Protective Impact of Residual Cholesterol on Mortality Risk in Oldest Old
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jun , Xu Zinan , Xu Lanjing , Chen Chen , Wei Yuan , Zhou Jinhui , Liu Sixin , Xia Yuan , Zhang Min , Qi Li , Lv Yuebin , Shi Xiaoming
Published: March 2024

Background: Residual Cholesterol (RC), similar to triglycerides, is recognized as an underlying mortality risk factor in the general adults,but it is unknown whether risks also increase with advancing age. Evidence regarding the effect of RC on cause-specific mortality risk among older adults, specifically the oldest old (80 years and above), are lacking.
Methods: We encompassed 4,289 Chinese older adults from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (a prospective, community-based cohort study, 2008–2021). RC was calculated using the formula of fasting total cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray’s semi-parametric method for competing risks analysis were used to estimate the association between RC and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk, respectively.
Results: As compared with participants in the lowest tertile RC group, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for those in the highest tertile were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.784–0.960) for all-cause mortality. A significant inverse linear relationship between RC levels and the risk of all-cause mortality, indicating a consistent decrease in risk until a threshold of 0.88 mmol/L is reached. An increment of 0.1 mmol/L of RC was associated with a reduction of 3.4% in all-cause mortality risk and a 5.6% decrease in non-CVD mortality. The inverse linear association remained significant for the oldest old, but not younger older adults.
Conclusions: In the oldest old, a higher concentration of RC was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CVD mortality. The paradoxical association between higher RC and lower risk of mortality risk among the oldest old suggests that cholesterol-lowering therapy should be carefully considered for the oldest old with elevated concentrations of RC, as it may provide little to no benefit and could even be potentially harmful.
Ruled surfaces as self-similar solutions to the harmonic mean curvature flow in Minkowski 3-space
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh , Yadav Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we fully classify the ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space that are self-similar solutions to the harmonic mean curvature flow (HMCF) under the translation and homothetic motion.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 53C42, 53E10.
Comparison of oral versus intravenous antimicrobial therapy for patients who were diagnosed with bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacilli after discharge from the emergency department: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Doi Asako , Iwata Kentaro
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in the emergency department (ED) are common, and the blood cultures taken at the visit can turn positive often after the discharge. However, the differences in the clinical outcomes depending on the subsequent decision-making, either to giving the patients intravenous or oral antibiotics remain unknown.
Methods
A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted for the outcome of the patients whose blood cultures at the visit turned positive and detected GNB. The primary outcome was 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality from the first positive blood cultures, comparing those who received intravenous treatment (IVT) and those who were given oral treatment (OT). The propensity score analysis was used to adjust the potential confounding factors.
Results
A total of 283 patients were diagnosed as GNB bloodstream infections (BSIs) after discharge from ED, and those whose each outcome was known were included in the analysis. No death occurred in either group within 30 days, with the average treatment effect (ATE) of OT being < 0.001 (p = 0.45) after inverse probability weighting (IPW). The 90-day mortality was 2.5% and 0% for the OT and IVT groups respectively (ATE 0.051; 96%CI 0.013–0.098; p = 0.001).
Conclusion
All of the patients with GNB-BSIs upon visiting ED who were treated with oral antibiotics were alive at 30 days but had higher mortality than those who received intravenous agents within 90 days. The results were consistent after adjusting the potential confounders by using IPW. Given the overall low mortality in both groups after 90 days, even though oral antibiotic therapy was associated with higher mortality statistically, one might consider this as an option especially when the patient’s preference was compelling.
In vitro induction of tetraploids in the ornamental plant Melastoma candidum using colchicine treatment
Authors: Zou Peishan , Zheng Yongxiao , Wang Yani , Hu Xing , Dai Seping , Wang Wei , Lee Shiou Yih , Liu Guofeng
Published: March 2024

Artificially inducing tetraploids can aid in breeding new acarpous varieties and distant hybridization. This study firstly achieved polyploid induction in Melastoma, a popular ornamental shrub in southern China and northern Vietnam. The mature tetraploid obtained was identified and characterized. Colchicine was used as a mutagenic agent for doubling of germinating seed explants. By in vitro method, survival rate and tetraploid rate were affected by pre-culture, chemical concentration, and exposure duration. Explants treated with 0.2% concentration for four or more days showed 100% polyploid induction based on radicle morphology. However, considering induction success and mortality, the best option was 0.2% concentration for two days, resulting in a 71.9% polyploidization rate and 71.7% survival rate. Plantlets were then inoculated on MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA for shoot induction and ½ MS + 0.5 g/L NAA for further rooting. Twelve mature tetraploid plantlets were finally confirmed by flow cytometry. Phenotypic analysis revealed smaller, rounder, and thicker leaves with more abundant and longer epidermal hairs in polyploid and mixoploid plants compared to diploids. Also, stomata of polyploid were larger and sparser than those of the diploid wild type. These findings unprecedentedly provided an effective methodology for artificial polypoidy germplasm resources acquisition within Melastomataceae, which lay an important foundation for breeding fruitless cultivars.
Preparation of phosphinimide and their adsorption of uranium in aqueous solution
Authors: liu zengcheng , Wang Zhongchao , Wang Yanfei
Published: March 2024

The phosphinimide materials described in this paper were synthesized by polymerization precipitation. The properties of complexes coordinated with metal ions can be used as adsorbents for the adsorption of radioactive elements by using ligands such as imide and phosphorus groups. Then, the synthetic phosphinimide was characterized in detail by FT-IR, SEM, EDS and XPS, and its morphology and structural changes were studied. In addition, the effects of the material on the removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions at different pH, sorbent doses, contact times, initial concentrations, and temperatures were studied. The experimental data show that the adsorption process can fit the second-order kinetic model well, which is in line with the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic study of adsorption shows that the adsorption process is a spontaneous endothermic process. In addition, at a temperature of 303.15 K and pH = 6, the maximum adsorption of uranium (VI) by phosphinimide in 25 minutes can reach 276.2 mg⋅g− 1.
MFAP5+ Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote EMT in gastric cancer via lactylation modification leading to CT-detected extramural venous invasion
Authors: Yang Hao , Gou Xinyi , Feng Caizhen , Zhang Yinli , Gu Huining , Chai Fan , Wang Yi , Ye Yingjiang , Hong Nan , Hu Guohua , Sun Boshi , Cheng Jin , Gao Bo
Published: March 2024

Background
Computed tomography (CT)-detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI) has been identified as independent risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial for remodeling the tumor microenvironment in GC. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CAFs and EMVI imaging characteristics to provide a new entry point for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Methods
We collected postoperative pathological specimens from 13 patients with advanced GC associated with EMVI. Next generation sequencing and radiogenomics correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between the EMVI score and the degree of CAFs infiltration in GC. Based on single-cell sequencing data, we completed pathway activity and functional enrichment analyses for specific CAF subtypes in GC. CAFs were extracted using the collagenase method and were cocultured with GC cell line in vitro. After lentivirus-mediated regulation of MFAP5 and LDHA expression, we detected changes in the degree of EMT and the invasion ability in GC cell. A nude mouse orthotopic EMVI model was constructed, and MRI and Immunohistochemistry were performed to verify that MFAP5 affected EMVI in GC by regulating LDHA.
Results
The correlation analysis results showed that the EMVI score of GC patients was directly proportional to the degree of CAFs infiltration, and the degree of CAFs infiltration in GC was closely related to EMT pathway Single-cell data analysis suggested that the Fibro-MFAP5+ subtypes were enriched in tumor lactylation modification and EMT. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of MFAP5, L-lactyl and EMT markers in GC tissues was proportional to the EMVI score. After knocking down MFAP5 in CAFs, the levels of L-lactyl and histone lactylation modifications were significantly reduced, and the sphere-forming ability and blood vessel formation ability of CAFs were significantly inhibited. Cell functional experiments demonstrated that MFAP5+ CAFs could affect EMT and the metastasis and invasion capabilities of GC cells. The results obtained with the nude mouse EMVI model suggested that MFAP5+ CAFs may promote the acquisition of EMVI features in GC by regulating lactylation modification.
Conclusions
This study explores the relationship between radiographic features of GC and the tumor microenvironment, and preliminarily elucidates its potential mechanisms. This innovative work may provide important new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
A Case Study of The Critical Role of Accurate Assessment and Objectivity in Species Prioritization for Conservation
Authors: Kınay A. Övgü , Çakar Uğur , Sakin Bensu , Yıldırım Ezgi Alaca , Matur Ferhat
Published: March 2024

This study aims to prioritize species conservation using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS methods. Conservation planning involves a range of conditions, from biological factors to individual biases and the allocation of economic resources. This broad spectrum involves a selection process that needs to be done carefully to avoid wrong choices and reduced effectiveness of conservation measures. In the last two decades, scientists have been using more quantitative methods in decision-making situations. This is because quantitative data gives more objective results and removes bias from the decision-making process. In this study, scientific facts are added to the species prioritization process based on the results obtained using AHP and TOPSIS methods. AHP and TOPSIS are widely used methods in multi-criteria decision-making situations. The combination of these two methods reduces individual bias, as TOPSIS can correct for possible arbitrary comparisons in AHP. The IUCN Red List is a useful tool providing information on the threat status of species, related studies, distribution and population trends. However, IUCN alone is not sufficient to prioritize species. Therefore, the species prioritization process should include a wide range of criteria to assess all aspects of species status. These criteria can be collected from real studies to establish a reliable standard of assessment. In the study, seven of the 40 second and third level criteria were identified and 52 per cent of their weights were dropped. These criteria include population decline, niche breadth, species range, habitat loss and fragmentation, habitat specificity, genetic diversity and endemism. Based on the results of AHP and TOPSIS, it was determined that Acomys cilicicus should be prioritized for conservation among the nine candidate species. Although this species was not based on IUCN threat status information and showed a lack of data, a study showed that this species is facing population decline and limited distribution. Ex situ and in situ conservation programs are recommended to protect this species against habitat loss and to increase its population.
Autoencoder-based Deep Learning Approach for Intrusion Detection System using Firefly Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Bukka Narendra kumar , Jagadeesh S. , Reddy K Sivanagi
Published: March 2024

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is software that specializes in analysing activities that has taken place on a computer system and aims to uncover indications on whether the computer system has been maliciously misused. IDS are majorly classified into two categories such as anomaly-based and signature based. Signature based systems rely on having an understanding of manually identified patterns for which rules is defined for detecting them. Anomaly-based systems are systems that attempt to automatically identify anomalies from examples of normal data and perhaps abnormal data. Traditionally, several machine learning algorithms are used to find the anomalies in the network data. In last decade, researchers are shifted the attention to deep learning techniques to detect the anomalies in the different types of standard datasets. Unlike classification and regression tasks, there is no straightforward way to program neural networks to detect anomalies. In this work, a deep learning technique of autoencoders is used to detect the anomalies in the CSE-CIC IDS dataset. The autoencoders contains encoder and decoder networks. The encoder network compresses the input samples and decoder network reconstruct input from the compressed input samples. The autoencoder identify the anomalies based on the reconstruction error which is the amount of difference in original input sample and reconstructed sample. When the reconstruction error is higher than the threshold value the connection is treated as anomaly. The performance of autoencoder mainly depends on the features that are used in the encryption process of input samples. In this work, a firefly optimization algorithm is used as a feature selection algorithm to find the most relevant features for the experiment. The proposed autoencoder based deep learning approach attained best accuracy of 99.2% for intrusion detection.
Application of a Two-Step Fuzzy-AHP and TOPSIS Methodology in Urban Access Road Route Selection
Authors: Sulistyorini Rahayu , Yuliyanto Andry , Ekaputra Reza , Setiawan Bima , S Andi
Published: March 2024

Route selection is a critical component in establishing a sustainable infrastructure. The goal of this study is to evaluate and rank alternative access routes based on relevance, and subsequently identify the most efficient route. This process involves an exhaustive literature review and consultations with transportation planning experts to determine the criteria for selection. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) was utilized to determine the weights of these criteria, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was implemented in the decision-making process to identify the optimal route. This research focuses on a specific route selection problem between Kunyit Beach and Puri Gading Beach. The findings of the study reveal that area development is the primary criterion for road route selection. The integration of F-AHP and TOPSIS proved to be an effective method for route selection, providing a systematic and quantifiable decision-making tool. These results suggest potential wider applications of the combined F-AHP and TOPSIS methodology in infrastructure planning and sustainable development. Future research should focus on the utilization of this combined method in various contexts and its potential implications in other aspects of transportation engineering. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the potential benefits of integrating multiple decision-making techniques in route selection, aiming to promote sustainability and efficiency in infrastructure planning.
Glutamine deprivation in glioblastoma stem cells triggers autophagic SIRT3 degradation to epigenetically restrict CD133 expression and stemness
Authors: Xing Zhengcao , Jiang Xianguo , Chen Yalan , Wang Tiange , Li Xiaohe , Wei Xiangyun , Fan Qiuju , Yang Jie , Wu Hongmei , Cheng Jinke , Cai Rong
Published: March 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor, and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are the primary cause of GBM heterogeneity, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is mainly localized in the mitochondrial matrix and plays an important role in maintaining GSC stemness through cooperative interaction with the chaperone protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) to modulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to further elucidate the specific mechanisms by which SIRT3 influences GSC stemness, including whether SIRT3 serves as an autophagy substrate and the mechanism of SIRT3 degradation. We first found that SIRT3 is enriched in CD133+ GSCs. Further experiments revealed that in addition to promoting mitochondrial respiration and reducing oxidative stress, SIRT3 maintains GSC stemness by epigenetically regulating CD133 expression via succinate. More importantly, we found that SIRT3 is degraded through the autophagy–lysosome pathway during GSC differentiation into GBM bulk tumor cells. GSCs are highly dependent on glutamine for survival, and in these cells, we found that glutamine deprivation triggers autophagic SIRT3 degradation to restrict CD133 expression, thereby disrupting the stemness of GSCs. Together our results reveal a novel mechanism by which SIRT3 regulates GSC stemness. We propose that glutamine restriction to trigger autophagic SIRT3 degradation offers a strategy to eliminate GSCs, which combined with other treatment methods may overcome GBM resistance to therapy as well as relapse.
Investigation of serum elements and biochemical variables as a risk factor for female infertility
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Kaur Rajinder , Kapoor Harmanpreet Singh , Chhabra Kiran , Khetarpal Preeti
Published: March 2024

Essential elements perform variety of cellular functions of the body and are required in trace amounts. However, non-essential elements are harmful even in small quantities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of a) eight essential (Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se), and seven non-essential elements (Pb, Cd, As, Ba, Bi, U, V); and b) seven biochemical parameters namely, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), albumin, total protein. A total of 139 adult women (49 with primary infertility, 32 with secondary infertility, and 58 with healthy pregnancy) were enrolled from the Malwa region of Punjab, India. Serum element levels were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and biochemical variables were evaluated by colorimetric methods. Statistical analysis was conducted using software IBM SPSS statistic version 26 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and R package version 4.1.3. A significant difference was observed for Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, Se, U, V, and Bi between the studied groups. Triglyceride and LDL levels are significantly higher among infertile women (p < 0.05). High serum copper levels are associated with elevated triglyceride levels; however, bismuth is negatively correlated with LDL levels. A higher risk of primary and secondary infertility was found with altered Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Se, U, V, Bi, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels. Investigation of metals in the patients with infertility may help to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and could also be useful to plan treatment strategies in future.
Effect of Biological shells aggregate on the Mechanical properties and sustainability of concrete
Authors: Wang Xianpeng , LI Fulong , Yu Haoxuan
Published: March 2024

To solve waste bio-shell and put them into recycle, the researchers proposed using waste bio-shells as aggregate matrix for concrete. In order to determine the substitution amount of shells, the researchers used the orthogonal experimental method, and designed shell concrete experiments with gradient substitution rates at 10%, 30% and 50%, with a total of 78 groups of specimens. By analyzing the tensile, bending and frost resistance of these specimens, the experimental data show that adding shells as aggregate at 10%, 30% or 50% can improve the mechanical properties of the concrete, the maximum flexural strength can be increased by 3.96Mpa, the maximum compressive strength can be increased by 2.5Mpa, but with a degradation of frost resistance. With the investigate of economic performance, it was found that the costs of frame-shear structure, frame structure, and tube-in-tube structure were reduced by 10.2%, 10%, and 10.3% respectively. In the carbon environmental assessment, the carbon reduction of a single specimen with 10%, 30%, and 50% shell addition were 0.003, 0.0010, and 0.0015 kg respectively. In summary, compared with ordinary concrete materials, it is very possible to use waste bio-shells as a substitute for aggregates to develop the sustainable recycling development of concrete materials.
Using Multi-Point Activity Surveys for identification of bat commuting routes and selection of candidate urban dark corridor sites
Authors: Hughes Morgan , Brown Scott K , Redfern Tamar , Perry Rebecca , Maddock Simon T , Young Christopher H
Published: March 2024

Context. In the complex balance between the landscapes of energy and fear, urban artefacts impact the routes taken by commuting bats. Little is known about the movements of urban bats, with mitigation efforts seldom being evidence-based. Knowledge of existing bat movements to inform urban sustainability is crucial.
Objectives. We applied the Multi-Point Activity Survey (MultiPAS) method in two case studies to quantify the use of nightly commuting routes used by bats in an urban landscape and to use those data to select candidate dark corridor sites and key points for retention of vegetation at crossing points.
Methods. Two models of MultiPAS were tested on urban canals, comprising one 2.8 km linear site and five canal junctions in the West Midlands, UK.
Results. The linear model identified important bat ingress and egress points, and a key candidate dark corridor site through a residential area. The junction survey model yielded candidate dark corridors at three junctions, and a crossing point for the retention of vegetation. The combined data also identified two major feeding areas for bats.
Conclusions. The knowledge of existing commuting routes and crossing points is invaluable in urban planning for bat conservation. The knowledge gained by using MultiPAS methods would allow local authorities to select appropriate dark corridor sites in effective, evidence-based and landscape-scale conservation efforts.
Exploring Technology Adoption Trends Among Entrepreneurial Start-ups on the Digital Frontier
Authors: Cooper Mason
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic landscape of the digital frontier, entrepreneurial start-ups play a pivotal role in driving innovation and leveraging technology to disrupt industries and create new markets. Understanding the patterns of technology adoption among these ventures is crucial for both academic research and practical implications. This qualitative research delves into the nuanced factors influencing technology adoption decisions among entrepreneurial start-ups, aiming to shed light on the motivations, challenges, and strategies driving digital innovation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, this study explores the experiences and perspectives of founders, executives, and technology leaders within start-up ventures. The findings reveal several key themes shaping technology adoption patterns. Firstly, the innovation imperative emerges as a primary driver, with start-ups recognizing the strategic importance of embracing digital solutions to maintain competitiveness and drive innovation. Secondly, resource constraints pose significant challenges, with limited financial resources and technical expertise hindering technology adoption efforts, particularly for early-stage ventures. Furthermore, risk perception varies among start-ups, influencing their technology adoption decisions. While some entrepreneurs are willing to embrace disruptive technologies despite uncertainties, others prioritize risk mitigation and opt for more established solutions. Additionally, the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem exerts significant influence on technology adoption patterns, with external pressures and expectations shaping strategic choices. The insights generated from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of technology adoption in the entrepreneurial context. By uncovering the motivations, challenges, and strategies driving technology adoption among start-ups, this study offers valuable implications for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the digital frontier and foster innovation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Lysine-Cysteine-Serine-Tryptophan Inserted into the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Mineralocorticoid Receptor Increases Transcriptional Activation by Aldosterone
Authors:   Yoshinao Katsu1, Zhang Jiawen , Baker Michael
Published: March 2024

Due to alternative splicing in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), humans contain two almost identical MR transcripts with either 984 amino acids (MR-984) or 988 amino acids (MR-988), in which their DBDs differ by only four amino acids, Lys,Cys,Ser,Trp (KCSW). Human MRs also contain mutations at two sites, codons 180 and 241, in the amino terminal domain (NTD). Together, there are five human MR genes in GenBank. Human MR-984, which was cloned in 1987, has been extensively studied. Human MR-988, cloned in 1995, contains KCSW in its DBD. Neither this human MR-988 nor the other human MR-988 genes have been studied for their response to aldosterone and other corticosteroids. Here, we report that transcriptional activation of human MR-988 by aldosterone is increased by about 50% compared to activation of human MR-984 in HEK293 cells transfected with the TAT3 promoter, while the half-maximal response (EC50) is similar for aldosterone activation of MR-984 and MR-988. The physiological responses in humans with MR genes containing KCSW and with differences in the NTD warrant investigation.
NEW MEANING OF I'JÂZ AL-QUR`ÂN IN M. QURAISH SHIHAB'S THINKING
Authors: Musyafa Mochamad Choirul , Abidin Ahmad Zainal
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The meaning of I’jaz underwent development in the hand of Quran believers. Quraish Shihab, one of Indonesia mufassir said that the Holy Quran and its miracles do not know the limit of time and space. In ‘Ulûm al-Qur`ân, the speciality which is owned by the Holy Quran is its miracle’s aspects. Those aspects include the spects of its literary, law and creed, science and unseen signals. According to Quraish Shihab, the speciality of the Holy Quran is divided into two; miracles and privileges. For him, the miracle’s aspects of the Holy Quran are literary aspects, scientific and unseen signals. While the privilege of the Holy Koran are another things which are not included in the Holy Koran’s miracles. The things under consideration to say about the miracle of the Holy Quran is that the Prophet Muhammad is an ummî, social circumstances of the Arab community when The Holy Koran was revealed and the type of the Holy Quran’s gradual revelation in some years.

Keywords: I’jaz, Miracle, Privilege, Ummi

 

Abstrak

Makna I'jaz mengalami perkembangan di tangan orang-orang yang mengimani Al-Quran. Quraish Shihab sebagai salah satu mufassir Indonesia mengatakan bahwa Alquran dan mukjizatnya tidak menegenal batas waktu dan ruang. Dalam ‘Ulûm Al-Quran, kekhasan yang dimiliki oleh Al-Quran adalah aspek i’jaz-nya. Aspek itu meliputi sastra, hukum dan kepercayaan, sains dan isyarat gaib. Menurut Quraish Shihab, kekhasan atau spesialisasi Al-Quran dibagi menjadi dua; keajaiban dan hak istimewa. Baginya, aspek mukjizat Al-Quran adalah aspek sastra, ilmiah dan berita gaib. Sementara keistimewaan Alquran adalah aspek lain yang tidak termasuk dalam mukjizat Alquran. Hal-hal yang mesti dipertimbangkan untuk mengatakan tentang realitas mukjizat Al-Quran adalah bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW tidak bisa baca tulis (ummî), keadaan sosial jahiliyyah masyarakat Arab ketika Al-Quran diturunkan dan pola pewahyuan Al-Quran bertahap dalam beberapa tahun.

Kata kunci: I'jaz, Keajaiban, Keistimewaan, Ummi
JIHAD GLOBAL
Authors: Fata Ahmad Khoirul , Khamdan Muh.
Published: March 2024

Abstrak: Radikalisme atas nama Islam kembali marak di Dunia Islam kontemporer. Gerakan ini mewujud dalam berbagai aksi kekerasan dan perlawanan terhadap kelompok-kelompok yang dianggap sebagai musuh Islam. Faktor politik, ekonomi, dan ketidakadilan global yang dbungkus dengan sentimen keagamaan menjadi pendorong kebangkitan gerakan ini. Dengan ideologi “jihad”-nya, mereka menyebarkan pahamnya ke berbagai belahan dunia, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan sosio-politik, kajian ini hendak mengkaji ideologi gerakan Jihad Global, pengaruh, dan jaringannya di Indonesia. Dari kajian ini terlihat bahwa gerakan Jihad Global memiliki kaitan erat dengan gerakan reformasi Islam yang merupakan respons atas kemunduran Dunia Islam berhadapan dengan Dunia Barat. Pengembangan ide ini oleh Sayyid Quthb membuat gerakan reformasi bukan sekedar sebagai otokritik atas kondisi umat, namun juga mengeras menjadi ideologi perlawanan terhadap sistem yang dianggap menindas. Ideologi perlawanan inilah yang kemudian mengilhami berbagai gerakan ekstrem di Indonesia pasca reformasi.

Abstract: Radicalism in the name of Islam is re-emerging in the contemporary Islamic world. This movement manifested in various acts of violence and resistance against “enemies of Islam”. Political, economic, and global injustice factors wrapped in religious sentiments are the driving forces for the revival of this movement. With ideology of "jihad", they spread their understanding to various parts of the world, including Indonesia. With a socio-political approach, this study aims to examine the ideology of the Global Jihad movement, its influence, and its network in Indonesia. From this study, it can be seen that the Global Jihad movement is closely related to the Islamic reform movement which is a response to the decline of the Islamic world in dealing with the West. The development of this idea by Sayyid Qutb made the reform movement not only as an autocritic of the condition of the ummah, but also hardened into an ideology of resistance to a system that is considered oppressive. This ideology of resistance then inspired various extreme movements in post-reform Indonesia.
THE STORY OF THE PROPHET YUSUF IN THE QUR'AN: JULIA KRISTEVA'S INTERTEXTUAL APPROACH
Authors: Purnama Rizal Faturohman
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the story of the Prophet Joseph in the Qur'an. As the story of the Qur'an and the Bible, the story of the Prophet Joseph is very important to find out the difference between the two. Therefore, the approach used is intertextual initiated by Julia Kristeva who seeks to compare the two. By using this approach. There are a lot of differences. In terms of the structure of the Qur'an many simplifications, so the principle of haplology becomes dominant in every fragment. The most fundamental difference between the two is in terms of the theme to be raised, the story of the Prophet Joseph in the Qur'an is themed around the teachings of tawhid, while in the Bible themed power.

Keywords: Prophet Joseph, al-Qur'an, Intertextual

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas tentang kisah Nabi Yusuf dalam al-Qur’an. Sebagai kisah yang termuat dalam al-Qur’an dan Alkitab, kisah Nabi Yusuf  sangat penting untuk ditemukan letak perbedaan antara keduanya. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah intertekstual yang digagas oleh Julia Kristeva yang berusaha untuk membandingkan keduanya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini. Ditemukan banyak perbedaan. Dari segi struktur al-Qur’an banyak melakukan penyederhanaan, sehingga prinsip haplology menjadi dominan dalam setiap fragmen. Perbedaan yang paling mendasar antara keduanya adalah dari segi tema yang hendak dimunculkan, kisah Nabi Yusuf dalam al-Qur’an bertemakan ajaran tauhid, sedangkan dalam Alkitab bertema kekuasaan.

Kata Kunci: Nabi Yusuf, al-Qur’an, Intertekstual
THE MEANING OF THE BODY IN OF DEATH TERROR
Authors: Hudda Safaat Ariful , Najib Abdul
Published: March 2024

death. Its highly contagious nature makes this disease difficult to treat. This condition forces everyone to rely on their own body’s immune system to survive. However, the negative perspective on the body, that is as an object, often makes people fall into panic, so that it can be fatal. Thus, this article was written in context to give a reflective meaning to the body with the philosophical investigation. The body itself is a facticity for "being" together with the soul (mind) and spirit. By understanding the body as the subject’s mode of existence, that is as being-in-the-world, humans can prepare themselves for any eventuality that may occur, including death.

Keywords: Covid-19, Body, Death

Abstrak

Pandemi Covid-19 saat ini menghadirkan teror kepada manusia berupa kematian massal. Sifatnya yang sangat menular membuat penyakit ini sulit diobati. Kondisi ini memaksa setiap orang untuk mengandalkan sistem kekebalan tubuhnya sendiri untuk bertahan hidup. Namun, cara pandang negatif terhadap tubuh, yaitu sebagai objek, seringkali membuat orang menjadi panik, sehingga bisa berakibat fatal. Dalam konteks inilah artikel ini ditulis yaitu untuk memberi makna reflektif terhadap tubuh menggunakan perspektif filosofis. Tubuh sendiri merupakan sebuah faktisitas bagi “ada” bersama dengan jiwa (akal budi) dan ruh. Dengan memahami tubuh sebagai cara keberadaan subjek, yaitu sebagai eksistensi di dunia (being in the world), manusia dapat mempersiapkan diri untuk segala kemungkinan yang mungkin terjadi, termasuk kematian.

Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Tubuh, Kematian
Improving Self-Awareness Through Islamic Education: its Implication on Life Detecting Good Awareness Impacts a Good Lifestyle an Analysis of Literature Study
Authors: Jailani Mohammad Mohammad Jailani , Risma Mega Utami Risma Mega Utami
Published: March 2024

Self-awareness is something that distinguishes it from other creatures. In Islamic Education, self-awareness is self-reflection. Awareness can change life into the latest version through the sensitivity of the heart to know the values of events in his life. Every human being has a different level of consciousness. There are still many Muslims who abandon the obligation to worship including a lack of self-awareness of their responsibilities as Muslims or Muslim women. The word awareness looks trivial to some people who do not understand the importance of the awareness that exists within. If you are able to contemplate it, there will be a lot of awareness that comes to mind about what is the purpose of human life in the world. This journal aims to increase the awareness of every Muslim towards a rational (reasonable) life in order to build self-existence and achieve the grace of Allah SWT. So that Islamic education does not only aim to produce knowledgeable human beings, but also faithful and civilized. Islamic education will always influence every individual to make a person who is always aware in the future. The world is the best charity field to achieve happiness in the hereafter, so the level of awareness is very important for it self.
NALAR ‘IRFANI DALAM PENAFSIRAN: STUDI TAFSIR SUFI ‘ISYARI SAHL AL-TUSTARY
Authors: Azmin Sirojul
Published: March 2024

Al-Qur'an is a sacred doctrine for the Islamic community. It requires sincere effort and sound reasoning to delve into its interpretative meanings. In the epistemology of Islamic scholarship, three types of reasoning are known: bayani, Irfani, and burhani. Irfani reasoning comprises a set of epistemological principles that have garnered much debate, including strong opposition, with some figures vehemently prohibiting its use in interpreting the meanings of the Qur'an. This opposition aims to prevent the potential deviation from Islamic law, especially in matters of creed. Sahl al-Tustari is a renowned figure considered to be qualified in interpreting the Qur'an using Irfani or ishari reasoning. He is regarded as a moderate ishari figure, minimizing the likelihood of misinterpretation. The epistemology of Irfani reasoning has been practiced since the time of the Prophet Muhammad and has received direct approval from him. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this writing attempts to present and analyze the discourse on Sufi ishari commentary, along with the associated pros and cons.
The 2021 Sarawak State Election: The Rise of Gabungan Parti Sarawak and Prospects for Sarawak Politics
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia, Mersat Neilson Ilan , Puyok Arnold ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia, Zaini Farah ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

This article examines the results of the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21) and explains Gabungan Parti Sarawak’s (GPS) major victory. Analysts had predicted an unassailable success for GPS but stopped short of giving the coalition more than 70 seats (out of the 82 seats contested). This was due to restricted candidates’ movements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, political uncertainties at the federal level and the challenges posed by newcomers such as Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) and Parti Bumi Kenyalang (PBK). However, the results indicated otherwise: GPS did the unthinkable, winning more than 90% of the seats in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, including recapturing some of the traditional seats held by the opposition. Moreover, it turned out that the COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) were advantageous to GPS and disadvantageous to the opposition. The article also explores a host of other factors contributing to GPS’s rise such as the coalition’s incumbency advantage, low voting turnout and the unhappiness towards the opposition among some segments of voters. GPS’s sweeping win has cemented its position in local politics and has given it more leverage as a kingmaker at the federal level. Even though the future looks promising for GPS, the prevailing political conditions at the federal level and the changing mood of the electorates will set to test the coalition’s dominance in Sarawak.
Pakatan Harapan’s Performance in the 2021 Sarawak State Election
Authors:   Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak, Malaysia, Jugah Ivy , Mohamad Naim Hafizan ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

This article aims to examine the performance of Pakatan Harapan (PH) in the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21). It explains the three main reasons for PH’s dismal showing. First, local-based political parties took advantage of structural weaknesses in Sarawak PH and managed to convince Sarawakians that state rights could only be protected by political entities controlled by Sarawak leaders. Second, the “Sarawak First” sentiment changed the political landscape of Sarawak and increased the sense of solidarity among Sarawakians. It was the driving force behind the campaign messages of the local-based political parties that resonated well among the majority of the Sarawakian voters. Third, the three PH coalition parties in Sarawak, namely Democratic Action Party (DAP), Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) and Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH) did not have a common political ideology to bind them together, strengthening the common belief that DAP, PKR and AMANAH came together simply out of convenience to gain power. In order to survive in Sarawak, PH needs to rebuild its image and political strategies relevant to the needs of the Sarawakians voters. This article is based on data from online media sources and observations made during the election on 18 December 2021.
Patriotic education as a necessary factor for Russian statehood
Authors: Aksenov A. A. , Fofanova A. Yu
Published: March 2024

The article examines the term “patriotism” and the significance of its meaning, drawing attention to the changes taking place in society and patriotic activities being conducted in Voronezh and Murmansk Regions in order to promote patriotism among young people.

The presented material proves the need for constant work on promoting patriotism in society as a factor in the development of civic engagement among the citizens of the country, readiness to selflessly serve their country, and respect for law and order, which is a mobilizing resource for the development of modern Russian society.
Modern prospects for the port infrastructure development of the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Leonteva E. O. , Agafonov S. A.
Published: March 2024

The current development stage of the Northern Sea Route is associated with the active port infrastructure development and an increase in cargo traffic. This development dynamics is attributed to national strategic priorities and targeted funding of projects. In this connection, administrative regulation and regulatory lawmaking are actively developing. One of the difficulties in implementing infrastructure projects in the Arctic region is related to the trend of permafrost soil degradation. The system of geocryological monitoring of the Arctic allows the state of the permafrost zone to be taken into account when implementing projects.
"desbravador de novos mares": Surfe, Turismo e Sociologia por Christophe Guibert
Authors: De Souza Sartore Marina , Rodrigues Cae , José Francisco Gomes Wanderson
Published: March 2024

Nesta entrevista, cedida em 01 de Junho de 2023, Christophe Guibert compartilhou a sua trajetória acadêmica como desbravador de novos mares, pois foi um dos primeiros sociólogos a estudar o surf na França. A sua trajetória é ilustrativa de que para a Sociologia pode ser muito fecundo compreender temas e problemas que, tradicionalmente, não estão na sua agenda de pesquisa. Nesta entrevista, Guibert traz o cenário editorial no qual está inserido o periódico pluridisciplinar “mondes du turisme” de cujo conselho editorial ele faz parte há anos. Ele também mostra como abordar o Surfe sociologicamente, os desafios de estudar o turismo em escala internacional e as possíveis conexões entre a sociologia (principalmente a de Bourdieu) e os estudos do turismo.
Deformable Vesicles with Edge Activators for the Transdermal Delivery of
Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids
Authors: Vettorato Elisa , Fiordelisi Marisa , Ferro Silvia , Zanin Desirè , Franceschinis Erica , Marzaro Giovanni , Realdon Nicola
Published: March 2024

Background:

Transdermal delivery of highly lipophilic molecules is challenging due to the strong
barrier function of the skin. Vesicles with penetration enhancers are safe and efficient systems that could improve
the transdermal delivery of non-psychoactive cannabinoids such as cannabidiol and desoxy-cannabidiol.
In the last decades, research interest in desoxy-cannabidiol as a potent drug with anti-nociceptive properties
has risen. Still, its scarce market availability poses a limit for both research and clinical applications. Therefore,
it is necessary to improve the synthesis to produce sufficient amounts of desoxy-cannabidiol. Moreover,
also the formulation aspects for this drug are challenging and require to be addressed to meet an efficient delivery
to the patients.

Objective:

This work aimed to develop innovative phospholipid-based vesicles with propylene glycol (PG),
oleic acid (OA), or limonene as edge activators, for the transdermal delivery of highly lipophilic drugs such as
non-psychoactive cannabinoids. In particular, desoxy-cannabidiol was selected thanks to its anti-nociceptive
activity, and its synthesis was improved enhancing the stereoselectivity of its synthon's production.

Methods:

Desoxy-cannabidiol was synthesized by Lewis acid-mediated condensation of p-mentha-2,8-dien-
1-ol and m-pentylphenol, improving the stereoselectivity of the first synthon's production. Transethosomes
containing 20-50% w/w PG, 0.4-0.8% w/w OA, or 0.1-1% w/w limonene were optimized and loaded with
cannabidiol or desoxy-cannabidiol (0.07-0.8% w/w, 0.6-7.0 mg/mL). Ex-vivo studies were performed to assess
both the skin permeation and accumulation of the cannabinoids, as well as the penetration depth of fluorescein-
loaded systems used as models.

Results:

An enantioselective bromination was added to the pathway, thus raising the production yield of pmentha-
2,8-dien-1-ol to 81% against 35%, and the overall yield of desoxy-cannabidiol synthesis from 12% to
48%. Optimized transethosomes containing 0.6 mg/mL cannabinoids were prepared with 1:10 PG:lipid weight
ratio, 0.54 OA:lipid molar ratio, and 0.3 limonene:lipid molar ratio, showing good nanometric size (208 ± 20.8
nm - 321 ± 26.3 nm) and entrapment efficiency (> 80%). Ex-vivo tests showed both improved skin permeation
rates of cannabinoids (up to 21.32 ± 4.27 μg/cm2 cannabidiol), and skin penetration (depth of fluorescein up to
240 μm, with PG).

Conclusion:

Desoxy-cannabidiol was successfully produced at high yields, and formulated into transethosomes
optimized for transdermal delivery. Loaded vesicles showed improved skin penetration of desoxy-cannabidiol,
cannabidiol and a lipophilic probe. These results suggest the potential of these carriers for the transdermal
delivery of highly lipophilic drugs.
Investigation of the Role of Zirconia and Zirconia-containing Systems as Catalysts in
Organic Transformations
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Shaddel Negin , Jozi Fatemehsadat
Published: March 2024

This review article discusses the applications of zirconia as a catalyst to promote
various organic reactions and transformations. The article is subdivided into four main
parts: 1) introduction, which consists of the history and introduction of zirconia, elaboration
of its synthetic procedures, its application in various fields of science and technology with
specified examples, and previously published review articles on ZrO2; 2) applications of
sole zirconia and zirconia-based catalytic systems to promote various organic transformations,
subdivided into oxidation reactions, hydrolysis and methanation reactions, reduction
and hydrogenation reactions, furfural and synthesis of its derivatives, and miscellaneous
reactions; 3) applications of sole zirconia and nano-sized ZrO2 to catalyze organic reactions
and MCRs, classified as two-component reactions, three-component reactions (by a
glance at pseudo 3-CRs), and four-component reactions (by a glance at pseudo 4-CRs); and 4) applications of
zirconia-containing catalytic systems to catalyze organic transformations and MCRs classified as twocomponent
reactions, three-component reactions, and four-component and higher-component reactions. According
to investigations, some of the zirconia-based catalysts exist in nano-sized systems. Moreover, the literature
survey contains publications up to the end of July 2023.