bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cuenca urbana: unidad territorial para el desarrollo sostenible de ciudades de media montaña en el tropico andino colombiano
Authors: Agredo Cardona Gustavo Adolfo , Alvarez Ysabel Santo Trinidad
Published: April 2017

Este artículo propone un modelo para el ordenamiento del territorio urbano, basado en el criterio de cuencas urbanas como las unidades de planificación para la sostenibilidad territorial como una visión alternativa, a la propuesta actual de la ciudad intermedia en el trópico andino - Manizales-Caldas-Colombia, que definió las actuales comunas, como una política de gobierno, que crea divisiones territoriales e intervenciones urbanas, con poca incorporación de conceptos sobre la conservación ambiental de los ecosistemas. El modelo propuesto, reconoce la transformación de las cuencas hidrográficas en cuencas urbanas como una necesidad de habitabilidad humana, basado en la búsqueda del equilibrio entre ecosistema y cultura. Se emplea información sobre la normatividad expedida por el Estado en Colombia y otras políticas y conceptos de orden nacional e internacional sobre ordenamiento territorial. Se recurre a cartografía base del Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) y a documentos bibliográficos que dan soporte a la investigación. Se plantea entonces, un modelo teórico o conceptual, otra espacialidad desde lo ecosistemico, con una cartografía, que define las nuevas unidades territoriales  y se propone la metodología de análisis para estas unidades y su intervención para la planificación territorial.
Una company town en la Bahía de Todos Santos por la international company of México 1886 y la mexican land and colonization company 1889, Ensenada
Authors: Gómez Cavazos Enrique Esteban
Published: April 2017

Las concesiones territoriales de finales del siglo XIX al capital extranjero implementan un magnífico y moderno proyecto urbanístico en Baja California, único en su tipo para la ocupación de la región del Noroeste de México. Se presenta la historia urbana de la población de Ensenada y lo que desarrollaron en ella los capitalistas norteamericanos y británicos en sus inicios. Se pretende comprobar los alcances urbanos e influencia arquitectónica que tuvo la compañía en esta población a principios del siglo XX. Se defiende la hipótesis de que su traza urbana responde más al modelo norteamericano y que contiene un rico número de edificaciones de la etapa industrial, hoy de carácter patrimonial, las cuales podrían ser consideradas un bien cultural para buscar líneas de intervención y oportunidades para su conservación.
Consumo, espaço e identificação: o sujeito rolêzeiro na rede de sentidos.
Authors: Carrozza Guilherme , Alvarenga Carina Carnevalli
Published: April 2017

O viver em sociedade no mundo contemporâneo traz questões que tocam nos modos como o sujeito lida com a ideologia, pensada como materialmente ligada ao inconsciente. Isso significa dizer que o sujeito se constitui pelos discursos que circulam socialmente e produzem lugares de identificação. Uma das entradas onde é possível observar esse funcionamento é o corpo do sujeito que, de acordo com Orlandi (2012), é tomado como materialidade significativa. Trazemos para a reflexão um tipo específico de manifestação pública, conhecido como rolêzinho, tendo como foco de observação o corpo do sujeito em movimento no espaço público, relacionando-o a uma lógica de funcionamento capitalista, na qual as relações de consumo são determinantes. Pretendemos levar às consequências as reflexões acerca da relação dos sujeitos com seus corpos inseridos em espaços determinados de circulação, onde a organização desponta como naturalmente necessária
Dialetos/Línguas do Brasil na desciclopédia
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cláudia Fernandes , Faria Joelma Pereira de
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os modos como alguns dialetos/línguas do Brasil são significados em três artigos da Desciclopédia: Paulistanês, Mineirês e Disschionario Aurélo da Língua Carioca. De uma perspectiva discursiva da história das ideias linguísticas no Brasil em articulação com a semântica da enunciação e com estudos sobre saber urbano e linguagem, propomos desenvolver nossas análises buscando responder a questões como: O que se constrói como coisas-asaber (Pêcheux, 1983) sobre dialetos e línguas nesses artigos? Que memórias da história contraditória da gramatização brasileira do português (Orlandi e Guimarães, 2001) vão sendo aí mobilizadas? De que maneiras essas memórias se mantêm no espaço do dizível que advêm de outras enciclopédias, bem como da gramática e da linguística? Em que medida a Desciclopédia promove uma abertura para a constituição de outros espaços de dizer sobre os dialetos/línguas do Brasil? Como os nomes, termos, títulos, definições, classificações e descrições presentes nesses artigos da Desciclopédia, em que o humor é parte constitutiva e fundamental, produzem efeitos sobre os modos de significação dos dialetos e línguas aí envolvidos?
A exibição da intimidade em meio à sociedade do espetáculo
Authors: Lima Mariana Marques de
Published: April 2017

Em “O Show do Eu: a intimidade como espetáculo”, obra gestada a partir da pesquisa de doutorado da argentina Paula Sibilia, são apresentados aspectos sociais e históricos do incessante comportamento de mostrar a intimidade nas redes sociais. O ensaio é um daqueles textos tão atuais que, independente da área acadêmica, se faz necessário devido à sua imediaticidade crítica e exposição dos hábitos assentados que permeiam o dia a dia. Em conversa constante com Guy Debord, no célebre “A Sociedade do Espetáculo”, a autora complementa as teses cunhadas em 1967, levandoas a um novo patamar ao apontar os processos entre o século XX e XXI que alavancaram as condutas de espetacularização do espaço íntimo
Apresentação
Authors: Rua Revista
Published: April 2017

É com prazer que lançamos o segundo volume do vigésimo segundo número da revista RUA. Neste volume, poderemos circular por entre artigos, na Seção Estudos da revista, que analisam práticas urbanas que se dão sob diferentes materialidades significantes, pensadas a partir de lugares e formas de presença, pertencimento, identificação e subjetivação diversos que indicam a complexidade desta reflexão iminentemente multi e interdisciplinar.
Estudo de caso sobre ensino de geociências em uma turma de ensino fundamental da rede privada de duque de Caxias - RJ
Authors: Vieira Thatianne Castro , Velloso Andrea , Rodrigues Ana Paula de Castro
Published: April 2017

Este estudo realizou um diagnóstico sobre o ensino de temas geocientíficos no sexto ano do ensino fundamental II, em instituição educacional da rede privada, Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxias-RJ. Questionários foram aplicados a um docente de Ciências e 37 discentes. Uma avaliação qualitativa de quatro diferentes metodologias de ensino sobre o ciclo da água foi realizada. A maioria dos discentes não soube dizer o que era Geociências, mas relatou alto interesse por Universo, Vulcanismo e Planeta Terra. Tanto o docente quanto os discentes apontaram os ciclos biogeoquímicos como temas menos interessantes. Das atividades aplicadas em sala de aula, as atividades lúdicas (jogo e modelo didático) foram as que fomentaram maior número de questionamentos. É necessário que os professores das séries do ensino fundamental II, em especial de Ciências e Geografia, se atualizem e diversifiquem as práticas de ensino para proporcionar uma melhor construção do conhecimento pelos discentes.
Preparação físico-química de esqueleto submerso encontrado na Caverna Poço Azul, Bahia
Authors: Vasconcelos André Gomide , Santos Luciano Vilaboim , Kraeme Bruno Machado
Published: April 2017

A preparação de fósseis é uma tarefa minuciosa, visto que qualquer procedimento incorreto pode causar danos irremediáveis às peças. Alguns autores brasileiros desenvolveram técnicas de preparação que permitem separar os restos esqueletais da rocha que os envolvem. Grande parte dos trabalhos no preparo de fósseis de paleovertebrados, por exemplo, concentram sua tônica no preparo de ictiólitos, assim é preciso desenvolver metodologias próprias para os outros grupos de paleovertebrados. O material deste estudo foi descoberto submerso na caverna Poço Azul do Milú, Bahia. Dentre o material, foi encontrado um esqueleto de preguiça-gigante, Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842). Tal pesquisa consiste na descrição de uma metodologia de preparação do material supracitado. A fase inicial deu-se com limpeza e estabilização do fóssil, que passou por dois banhos de acetato de polivinila, diluído em água. Após a secagem do material, iniciou-se a restauração das peças desarticuladas. Para isso foi utilizado acetato de polivinila, adesivo de cianoacrilato, gesso e estilete. Devido a seu peso e por ser um material mais fácil de partir-se, o gesso foi substituído pelo poliuretano para a confecção das camas de acomodação. Com as peças preparadas e acomodadas foi possível manuseá-las com maior segurança. Visto que o processo de fossilização do mesmo se deu em ambiente aquático ainda em atividade, o material fóssil apresenta-se melhor preservado em seus detalhes morfológicos. O que foge ao padrão dos achados de Eremotherium laurillardi, todos encontrados em ambientes já secos, sofrendo assim interferência maior do meio cárstico.
Um estudo dos modelos de geração interna do campo geomagnético
Authors: Albarell Daniel Seabra Nogueira Alves , Leite Emilson Pereira
Published: April 2017

Um dos principais desafios da geofísica global é entender como a dinâmica do núcleo externo líquido da Terra funciona na geração e manutenção do campo geomagnético, por meio de teorias de geodínamo. O campo geomagnético é de extrema importância para a manutenção da vida no nosso planeta, visto que nos protege das partículas de alta energia provenientes do Sol, além de ser útil para fins de navegação. Por ser inacessível ao homem, esses estudos são baseados nos resultados obtidos pela modelagem do núcleo em laboratórios e computadores, simulando as condições e parâmetros do interior do planeta. Cada modelo tem suas singularidades, semelhanças e restrições. Nesse contexto, este artigo reúne as informações básicas sobre o funcionamento dos modelos de geodínamo publicados. Foi realizada uma revisão dos artigos internacionais e livros sobre o assunto, de forma a compilar, organizar e sintetizar essas informações. São explicados conceitos, teorias e principais equações que descrevem esses modelos e são apresentadas análises estatísticas realizadas com os principais parâmetros utilizados pelos modelos.
Study on the Content Validity of the Essential Assessment Items Required for Visiting Nurses to Service Users in Japan
Authors: Ueda Izumi , Mizuguchi Wakako , Sasaki Masahiko , Yokoyama Madoka
Published: April 2017

Objective: We examined the content validity of the essential assessment items for service user recognized by visiting nurses. Methods: Anonymous self-reported questionnaire were sent by mail two times to nurses experts. The questionnaire comprised assessment items related to five major categories, and fist survey asked by 82 items, second survey asked by 83 items with 4-point scale. We analyzed the data using weighed average. Results: The final assessment items were 83. Conclusion: In the visiting nursing practice field, we think of easier ways to common view of assessment records all over the country and improvement of quality of visiting nursing practice by utilizing of assessment items of this study with considering of degree of priority.
Electromagnetic Performances Evaluation of an Outer-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Electrical-Thermal Two-Way Coupling Method
Authors: Shu Zhengming , Zhu Xiaoyong , Quan Li , Du Yi , Liu Chang
Published: April 2017

Flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motors have gained increasing attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) applications due to the advantages of high power density, high efficiency. However, the heat sources of both permanent magnet (PM) and armature winding are located on the limited stator space in the FSPM motors, which may result in the PM overheated and irreversible demagnetization caused by temperature rise and it is often ignored in the conventional thermal analysis. In this paper, a new electrical-thermal two-way coupling design method is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic performances, where the change of PM material characteristics under different temperatures is taken into consideration. Firstly, the motor topology and design equations are introduced. Secondly, the demagnetization curves of PM materials under different temperatures are modeled due to PM materials are sensitive to the temperature. And based on the electrical-thermal two-way coupling method, the motor performances are evaluated in details, such as the load PM flux linkage and output torque. Then, the motor is optimized, and the electromagnetic performances between initial and improved motors are compared. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured, and the results are validated by experimental measurements.
Sustainability & Risk Disclosure: An Exploratory Study on Sustainability Reports
Authors: Truant Elisa , Corazza Laura , Scagnelli Simone Domenico
Published: April 2017

Recent policies’ changes in sustainability reporting, such as the ones related to the new European Directive on non-financial disclosure, the standards issued by the American Sustainability Accounting Standard Board (SASB), the G4 guidelines issued by the Global Sustainability Standard Board (GSSB-GRI) and the framework of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) are stressing about the importance of extending the disclosure of ethical, social and environmental risks within social and environmental reporting. Institutional pressure has notably increased among organizations, in setting-up risk management tools to understand sustainability risks within managerial and reporting practices. Given such institutional pressure, the corporate reaction in providing additional sustainability risk disclosure call for attention and scrutiny. Therefore, this study aims at addressing such issues from an exploratory perspective. We based our analysis on a sample of organizations that issued sustainability disclosure in accordance with the GRI G4 guidelines, and we tested the relationship between risk disclosure and other relevant variables. Consistently with the literature, we found that “experienced” sustainable reporters provide a significant volume of disclosure, and that disclosure quality on risk is positively influenced by their international presence and reporting experience. However, when accounting for specific risk-related areas of disclosure, only few of them seems to adopt a management accounting perspective linking strategy, risk metrics and disclosure.
Nutrient Expert Improves Nitrogen Efficiency and Environmental Benefits for Summer Maize in China
Authors: Zhang J. J. , He P. , Xu X. P. , Wang Y. L. , Jia L. L. , Cui R. Z. , Wang H. T. , Zhao S. C. , Ullah S.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Nutrient expert is a nutrient decision support tool and this study confirmed that it could be used in north‐central China.

The continual performance of nutrient expert was evaluated through multiple‐point field experiments.

This is the first report of nutrient expert on improving environmental benefits of summer maize.

Modern agriculture needs environmentally friendly approaches to increase production, improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and promote ecologically sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 in 389 farmers’ fields across major summer maize growing regions in north‐central China to evaluate the continual performance of the nutrient expert (NE) system for improving NUE and environmental benefits. Results indicated that NE significantly increased grain yield and profitability by reducing N fertilizer rate by 35.1% (84.6 kg N ha−1), increasing the K rate by 68.1% (25.8 kg K2O ha−1), and keeping the P rate the same as the farmers’ practice (FP). On average, NUE achieved in the NE treatment was significantly higher than for FP and fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing (OPTS). The NE increased agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) by 50.8 and 17.3%, recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN) by 67.7 and 15.9%, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) by 43.8 and 21.2% compared with FP and OPTS, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated total N2O emission, total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and GHG emission intensity were 35.1 and 17.5%, 35.2 and 18.4%, and 37.3 and 17.4% lower in the NE treatment when compared with FP and OPTS, respectively. The differences in yield, economic benefits, NUE, and GHG emission among NE, FP, and OPTS treatments confirmed that NE is a promising nutrient decision support tool and has the potential to improve NUE and environmental benefits for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in north‐central China.
Rye–Vetch Spatial Arrangement and Tillage: Impacts on Soil Nitrogen and Sweet Corn Roots
Authors: Lowry C. J. , Brainard D. C.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Strip‐tillage decreased soil inorganic N within a rye–vetch organic system, but had minimal effect on sweet corn yield.

Strip‐intercropping rye–vetch increased N availability within the crop row of strip‐tillage.

Strip‐intercropping rye–vetch decreased root mass within the row, but had no effect on yield or shoot biomass.

Strip‐intercropping of functionally diverse cover crops, such as cereal rye (Secale cereal L.; “rye”) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth; “vetch”), may enhance N use efficiency in reduced‐tillage systems by concentrating N‐rich vetch residue within the subsequent crop row, thereby increasing root access to pools of organic N. We established a field study in southwestern Michigan between 2011 and 2014 to compare the effects of rye–vetch spatial arrangement and tillage on soil N, soil moisture, sweet corn (Zea mays L.) above‐ and belowground biomass, and root morphology. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial with two levels of rye–vetch spatial arrangement: segregated into strips (SEG) and full‐width mixture (MIX), and two levels of tillage: strip‐tillage (ST) or full‐width tillage (FWT). Strip‐tillage reduced soil inorganic N compared to FWT in 2 out of 3 yr, but increased soil moisture and sweet corn shoot biomass in 2 out of 3 yr. Segregating rye and vetch into strips increased inorganic N within the crop row, but had minimal impact on sweet corn biomass or yield. In contrast, sweet corn roots were responsive to relatively small changes in the distribution of soil N or moisture resulting from strip‐tillage and segregated plantings. Strip‐tillage and strip‐intercropping show promise in adapting reduced‐till systems for organic production, but future research should evaluate the response of other crops, and adjustments in cover crop species and termination methods to help optimize these practices.
Can Partial Cultivation of Only The Sugarcane Row Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions in an Oxisol and Ultisol?
Authors: Castro de Souza Luma , Fernandes Carolina , Santos Nogueira Deise Cristina , Moitinho Mara Regina , da Silva Bicalho Elton , La Scala Newton
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

The use of soil management at line (alone) reduces the CO2 emission.

The higher soil aggregation favorece the higher CO2 emission.

The soil management at line (alone) improve the lower soil desegregation.

The objective was to determine the influence of partial cultivation of only the crop row on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an Oxisol and Ultisol. The experimental design was a large paired‐plot design with treatments consisting of targeted chiseling to only the planting row to chiseling the whole field. Soil CO2 emissions, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured daily for 12 d after tillage. In the Oxisol, CO2 emissions were higher on the second day after tillage and then decreased until Day 6. When analyzing the effect of tillage, chiseling in the planting row (CPR) showed, in general, lower CO2 emissions (2.54 µmol m−2 s−1) when compared to chiseling in total area (CTA) (3.32 µmol m−2 s−1), regardless of the day after tillage. However, the linear regression analysis between soil CO2 emissions and soil moisture in the Ultisol was significant for CPR (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.01) and CTA (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.01). Total soil CO2 emissions were higher in the Oxisol for both tillage systems (CPR = 1020.9 kg CO2 ha−1 and CTA = 1336.3 kg CO2 ha−1) than the Ultisol (CPR = 587.0 kg CO2 ha−1 and CTA = 649.3 kg CO2 ha−1). These results indicate that soil tillage by using CPR favors a lower soil CO2 emission to the atmosphere and contributes to a reduction in soil degradation when cultivated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.).
Eleven Years' Effect of Conservation Practices for Temperate Sandy Loams: II. Soil Pore Characteristics
Authors: Abdollahi Lotfollah , Munkholm Lars Juhl
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Long‐term effects of tillage, rotation, and residue management studied.

Residue retention increased porosity, air permeability, and gas diffusivity.

Residue retention alleviated negative effects of reduced tillage on soil pores.

Moldboard plowing caused best topsoil (0‐20 cm depth) quality.

Direct drilling resulted in highest air permeability at the 18‐ to 27‐cm depth.

Conservation agriculture (CA) is regarded by many as a sustainable intensification strategy. Minimal soil disturbance in combination with residue retention are important CA components. This study examined the long‐term effects of crop rotation, residue retention, and tillage on soil pore characteristics of two Danish sandy loams. Rotation R2 is a rotation of winter crops (mainly cereals) with residues retained, rotation R3 a mix of winter and spring crops (mainly cereals) with residues removed, and rotation R4 the same mix of winter and spring crops, but with residues retained. Each rotation included the tillage treatments: moldboard plowing to 20‐cm depth (MP), harrowing to 8‐ to 10‐cm depth (H) and direct drilling (D). Soil cores were taken from the topsoil (4–8, 12–16, 18–27 cm) in mid‐autumn 2013 and early spring 2014. Water retention, air permeability, and gas diffusivity was determined for the first two depths (100‐cm3 cores), and air permeability for the 18‐ to 27‐cm depth (250‐cm3 cores). Moldboard plowing resulted in the best soil quality at two upper depths with higher total porosity, air‐filled porosity, air permeability, and gas diffusivity compared with reduced tillage. For instance, the volume of pores > 30 µm was more than 0.03 m3 m‐3 larger for MP than for D in spring 2014 at the 4‐ to 8‐cm depth. At the 18‐ to 27‐cm depth, direct drilling resulted in a better air permeability and pore continuity index (e.g., air permeability of 18.2 and 11.2 μm2 for D and MP, respectively at −10 kPa for the Foulum location). Residue retention, especially when combined with direct drilling, increased total porosity, air‐filled porosity, air permeability, and gas diffusivity and decreased blocked air porosities. Our results suggest residue management can be used to alleviate the negative effects of reduced tillage on soil structural quality.
Late‐Fall, Winter, and Spring Broadcast Applications of Urea to No‐Till Winter Wheat II. Fertilizer N recovery, Yield, and Protein as Affected by NBPT
Authors: Romero Carlos M. , Engel Richard E. , Chen Chengci , Wallander Roseann , Jones Clain A.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Fertilizer 15N recovery of urea (with and without NBPT) was directly related to cumulative NH3 loss.

Spring applied urea provided better recovery than late‐fall and winter applications.

NBPT improved fertilizer 15N recovery, particularly for late‐fall and winter applications that were most susceptible to volatility.

Surface application of urea to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the late‐fall, winter, or spring is a common practice in the northern Great Plains (NGP). However, surface applications are susceptible to volatilization, and management strategies are needed to enhance fertilizer‐N recovery (FNR). This study was conducted to determine the effect of urea application timing (late‐fall, winter, spring) and N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on FNR in grain (FNRG) and grain plus straw (FNRT), and grain yield and protein. Replicated small‐plot experiments were conducted in no‐till winter wheat fields over 3 yr in Montana, and FNR was quantified using 15N‐enriched labeled urea (5% atom). Fertilizer‐N recovery was greater (P < 0.05) for spring (FNRG 36.5%, FNRT 46.1%) than late‐fall (FNRG 24.9%, FNRT 31.7%) and winter (FNRG 26.8, FNRT 34.1%) applications. Addition of NBPT to urea improved FNR of all urea timings, but the response was greater for late‐fall and winter compared with spring applications. Fertilizer‐N recovery among the management strategies tested was directly related to cumulative NH3 emissions (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.0001) measured in a companion study, indicating that volatilization represented an important pathway for N loss. Grain yield was not sensitive to application timing or NBPT. However, grain protein increased 6 to 8 g kg–1 from spring applications or NBPT additions. This study found that management strategies to enhance urea FNR in the NGP should consider delaying applications until the spring or addition of NBPT for late‐fall and winter applications that are more susceptible to NH3 volatilization.
Rogamus te, Domina nostra – sześć modlitw maryjnych św. Antoniego z Padwy jako świadectwo mariologii franciszkańskiej XIII wieku
Authors: Siwiński Norbert M.
Published: April 2017

Abstrakt
Biuletyn teologicznomoralny
Authors: Zabielski (red.) Józef
Published: April 2017

Abstrakt
EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Mohanty Debapriya , Ray Pratima
Published: April 2017

Objective: Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products.Methods: The study used yogurt sample prepared from raw buffalo milk to isolate Lactobacillus strains by following pour plate technique. All isolated Lactobacillus strains were systematically screened for their probiotic attributes. Here, functional criteria studies for successful probiotics mainly included survival ability of the strains. The capability of the selected Lactobacillus isolates to inhibit the growth of several pathogens was evaluated by the well diffusion method. Based on phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests and of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the potent probiotic strain was identified. Further study was emphasized on its optimum parameters required for its growth. Again, its activity was characterized with respect to pH, NaCl and thermal stability along with susceptibility to enzymes. Results: A preliminary subtractive screening based on antimicrobial potency and probiotic properties revealed the maximum effectiveness of Lactobacillus DM 69 among all and it was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. The inhibitory substance obtained from DM 69 was relatively heat stable and active under acidic conditions. No susceptibility was found in the presence of α-amylase, lipase and lysozyme.Conclusion: Excellent probiotic and an antimicrobial strain was isolated from buffalo milk and can be formulated and developed as a good nutraceutical food supplement.
ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE P34 INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES GROWING IN SOFT CHEESE
Authors: Vaucher Rodrigo De Almeida , Giongo Janice Luehring , Rech VÍrginia Cielo , Santos Roberto Christ Vianna , Lopes Leonardo Quintana S. , Ebling MÁrcia , DelamÉa Matheus , Silva Aleksandro Schefer , Brandelli Adriano
Published: April 2017

Objective: To evaluate whether antimicrobial substances produced by autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Minas Frescal cheese are able to enhance the activity of bacteriocin P34 against Listeria monocytogenes and investigate the influence of P34 in specific gene expression of this bacterium after the inoculation in Minas Frescal cheese.Methods: Bacillus sp. P34 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 were used in this study. The antimicrobial peptide P34 was purified and applied (0, 800 or 6400 AU/ml) to cheese surface before inoculation with L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial activity and synergism were detected using the agar diffusion technique. Expression levels of D-Alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase (dltA), Putative phospholipid lysinylation (Imo 1695) and EIIABMan of mannose-specific PTS (mptA) mRNAs in bacteriocin-treated L. monocytogenes growing in Minas Frescal cheese were determined using real-time PCR.Results: The peptide P34 showed increased antilisterial activity when combined with culture supernatants of some selected LAB isolated from Minas Frescal cheese. The addition of peptide P34 to cheese caused a decrease of up to 3 log cycles in viable counts of artificially inoculated L. monocytogenes. The influence of peptide P34 on the expression of genes associated with components of the cell surface of L. monocytogenes was investigated by real-time PCR. A significant increase in the expression of the genes dltA, Imo 1695 and mptA was observed after 96 h in the presence of peptide P34.Conclusion: These results suggest that the peptide P34 influences the expression of genes involved in D-alanylation of teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids and lysination of the cell membrane of phospholipids.
THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FLAXSEED LIGNAN IN MALE RABBITS WITH HIGH-FAT DIET: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Okhti Zahraa Ahmed , Al-ezzi Muthanna I. , Abdulmahdi Raghad
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary flaxseed-derived lignan supplement as anti-hyperlipidemic (fatty liver changes) on rabbit liver.Methods: Rabbits were assigned randomly into three groups (five rabbits for each group): group-1, normal diet (negative control); group-2, 1.6 % cholesterol diet for 30 d (positive control) and group-3, 1.6 % cholesterol for 30 d then gave 40 mg/kg/day of pure flax lignan for 14 d.Results: Marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with mononuclear cells was recorded; congested dilated of sinusoids and fibrosis in the portal area around the proliferation of bile ducts and congested portal blood vessels with the proteinous material in the lumen of bile ducts were also recorded. In other sections, the liver showed large necrotic area replacement with RBCs as well as enlarged foamy hepatocytes with mononuclear cells in narrowing sinusoids were seen.Conclusion: From the results of this study we can conclude that lignan has been used successfully in decreasing the inflammatory cells in congested blood vessels and sinusoids and has decreased the inflammatory cells infiltration in moderate fibrosis in the portal area around the bile ducts of rabbit liver tissue.
STUDIES ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF HEPTOPLUS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: Sankar M. , Rajkumar Johanna
Published: April 2017

Objective: To evaluate acute toxicity of Heptoplus (polyherbal drug) in Sprague-Dawley rats and to identify the active ingredients of the herbal drug.Methods: Heptoplus was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and the HPTLC fingerprint profile of herbal drug was documented. OECD guideline 423-Acute toxic class method was followed to evaluate the oral toxicity of Heptoplus in Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute toxicity studies, Group I (control) rats received 0.5% of carboxymethyl cellouse (Vehicle). Group II rats received 2000 mg/kg b. w of Heptoplus. The rats were observed on the day of dosing and thereafter for 14 d, for any toxic effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Heptoplus revealed total phenol, flavonoid, carbohydrate, and tannins as its major constituents. The total phenol and flavonoid content of Heptoplus was found to be 170 μg of gallic acid and 162 μg of quercetin equivalent. HPTLC analysis proved that phyllanthin is an active compound of Heptoplus. Acute oral toxicity assays showed Heptoplus administration did not result in any treatment-related mortality, abnormal clinical signs, and loss of body weight or gross pathological changes in rats. Hence, LD50 value of Heptoplus was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b. wt.Conclusion: Heptoplus contain phyllanthin as an active ingredient. LD50 value of Heptoplus was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b. wt.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS INDOFISCHERI BENNET
Authors: S Kalpana , B. Ramakrushna , S. Anitha
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study evaluates the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of leaf and bark extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri with methanol and water as solvents. In addition to this, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was determined.Methods: The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by folin ciocaletus reagent method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured by various assays, including α, α-diphenyl-ẞ-dipicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdate method and porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory assay. The IC50 values were calculated and compared with standards such as gallic acid, ascorbic acid and α-acarbose.Results: The results illustrated that all the extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri exhibit significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the extracts, methanolic leaf extract showed high levels of activity followed by bark water extract.Conclusion: Phyllanthus indofischeri extracts had shown antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these results, Phyllanthus indofischeri can be used as a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent against various disorders related to oxidative stress; and the isolation of bioactive compounds was warranted.
EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF PLEUROTUS SAPIDUS QUÉL.
Authors: Kaur Balwinder , Atri Narender Singh
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biochemical sources viz., growth regulators and trace elements on the vegetative growth of Pleurotus sapidus Quél. It has a great commercial potential being an edible and wood decaying fungus. Mushrooms need carbon and nitrogen for structural and functional purposes in addition to trace elements, growth regulators and vitamins. Therefore, evaluation of their role in influencing the growth of the mushroom is a necessary aspect to be studied.Methods: Fresh sporocarps of P. sapidus were collected from rotten stumps of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br and its pure culture was raised on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. The malt broth liquid medium at 28±1 °C was used as a basal medium for investigating the role of growth regulators (gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and kinetin) and trace elements (manganese, iron, molybdenum, boron and zinc). Different concentrations of growth regulators and salts with trace elements were added to separate medium flask to compare the growth.Results: The comparative study of various concentrations of growth regulators and trace elements has shown that the cultures supplemented with 5 ppm gibberellic acid and 5 ppm boron, respectively gave maximum mycelial growth of P. sapidus.Conclusion: The vegetative growth of P. sapidus can be enhanced by adding gibberellic acid and boron in the basal medium.
ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)
Authors: Jamakala Obaiah , Rani A. Usha
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P<0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.
PREDICTION OF LOG P AND SPECTRUM OF QUERCETINE, GLUCOSAMINE, AND ANDROGRAPHOLIDE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LABORATORY ANALYSIS
Authors: Megantara Sandra , Mutakin Mutakin , Levita Jutti
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to confirm the result of computational prediction of log P and spectrum (ultraviolet-visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) of quercetin, glucosamine and andrographolide with laboratory analysis.Methods: Quercetine, glucosamine and andrographolide, were downloaded from ChemSpider and were geometry optimised. Log P and spectrum were calculated and predicted and the data obtained were compared with laboratory results. The correlation was calculated by employing mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean square error (MSE), mean forecast error (MFE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) parameters.Results: The smallest energy value of geometry optimisation was provided by ab initio method. Log P prediction showed good accuracy, with r-value 0.995 and p-value 0.05 respectively. The error parameters were: MAD 0.19; MSE 0.06; MFE 0.16, and MAPE 8.62%, respectively. Prediction of λ maximum by ab initio, semiempirical, and molecular mechanics were respectively: MAD 2.67, 6.67, and 28.67; MSE 8.67, 45.33, and 830; MFE 2.67, 6.67, and 28.67; and MAPE 1.10%, 2.79%, and 11.99%; r-value 0.997, 0.997, and 0.979; and p-value 0.044, 0.043, and 0.129. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra prediction were: MAD 0.73 and 1.58; MSE 1.15 and 7.41; MFE 0.27 and 0.69; MAPE 18.35% and 2.68%; r-value 0.942 and 0.986; and p-value 0.001 and 0.001.Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between computational ab initio calculation method with experimental results in predicting log P and spectrum of quercetine, glucosamine, and andrographolide.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM RAUVOLFIA SERPENTINA (L.) BENTH. EX KURZ
Authors: Sahu Rajshree , Kumar Suneel , Aharwal Ravindra Prasad , Sandhu Sardul Singh
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of the present study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. (Family Apocynaceae) and observed their antibacterial activity against bacteria as well as the molecular characterization of most potent fungal strain. Methods: Collection and isolation of endophytic fungi from different parts (root, shoot, leaves) of Rauvolfia serpentina plant. Screening of endophytic fungi for antibacterial activity was scrutinised against six bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus pyogenes by using Agar well diffusion method. For molecular sequencing of potent fungi, the DNA was extracted, quantified and amplified by using two oligonucleotide primers ITS4 and ITS6 in PCR.Results: A total seven endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus were isolated from different parts of Rauvolfia serpentina and fungal strain Penicillium citrinum was shown the maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (23.0±0.12 mm), Escherichia coli (19.9±0.16 mm), Streptococcus pyrogens (19.2±0.59 mm), Enterococcus sp., (17.2±0.08 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9±0.16 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (15.1±0.16 mm). The molecular sequencing of the potent fungi was done by primers (ITS4 and ITS6) which showed strong specificity with fungal DNA and the percentages of identical matches of ITS4 and ITS6 DNA sequences in the GeneBank database (NCBI) were determined to 98 %.Conclusion: In the present study, the endophytic fungal strain Penicillium citrinumshowed the potential source of antibacterial bioactive compounds and molecular sequencing of this fungus helps in future to determine the various metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of such type of novel compounds.
IN VITRO STUDY ON RELEASE OF BIOACTIVE ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS BY CERTAIN PROMISING PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS
Authors: Mohanty Debapriya , Saini Manish Ranjan , Mohapatra Swati
Published: April 2017

Objective: The antimicrobial activity and Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus species were evaluated. The antimicrobial compound of potent antimicrobial probiotic Lactobacillus was purified by column chromatography and its nature and stability were determined.Methods: This investigation was performed with few Lactobacillus strains of ATCC and MTCC along with certain strains isolated from different dairy sources. They were evaluated for their probiotics properties (acid tolerance, bile tolerance, bile salt hydrolase activity, cell autoaggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and haemolytic behaviour). Agar well diffusion method was used to screen their potency to release bioactive compound against several pathogens. This potent antimicrobial compound was purified by chromatography as well as its molecular mass was estimated by following SDS-PAGE. Finally, the stability of the compound was determined against various ranges of temperature and pH.Results: Among all Lactobacillus strains, R1 was found to be a potent probiotic strain as well as cell free supernatant (CFS) of R1 showed more strong antagonistic effect against most of the pathogens. Carbohydrate fermentation and physiological characterization of strain R1 matched with Lactobacillus fermentum as per Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. The molecular mass of the purified fraction was estimated at approximately 25 kDa and could be stable after heat treatment of 100 °C for 30 min and pH range of 4.5-7.0Conclusion: R1 showed highest antimicrobial activity while it has been found as Lactobacillus fermentum. It is due to the release of a bioactive compound having a molecular mass of 25 kDa.
KARYOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM IN RELATION TO REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE
Authors: Vaghasia Ketan K. , Shah Nidhi D. , Shah Parth S. , Bhatt Vidhi M. , Shah Sandip C. , Rao Mandava V.
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of heteromorphism in causation of reproductive anomalies like infertility.Methods: In our study, cytogenetic analysis of 830 suspected referral cases of both sexes were assessed using standard karyotypic technique with Giemsa staining from their blood samples. We identified heteromorphism of D/G groups and non-acrocentric chromosomes following WHO nomenclature.Results: Our data revealed that most of our heteromorphic cases (38;4.58%) were related to p arm satellites (ps+) of the chromosomes and are related to infertility and abortion. No significant gender variation was noticed in this study.Conclusion: We hence, suggest that heteromorphism is associated with a loss of reproductive function, as heterochromatin may contain genes that regulate cellular roles in reproduction. Further, it becomes important that such cases are considered for molecular studies, genetic counseling and prenatal/pre-implantation screening.
COLOMBIAN STRAIN OF DUNALIELLA SALINA AS A SOURCE OF METABOLITES OF HIGH COMMERCIAL VALUES
Authors: Euler Gallego Cartagena , Margarita Castillo RamÍrez , Walter MartÍnez Burgos
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of stressful and non-stressful conditions on the growth and production of pigments in a strain of Dunaliella salina (D. salina) isolated from the artificial saline of Manaure municipality, department of La Guajira, Colombia in laboratory conditions.Methods: Two treatments were performed, one in non-stressful growing conditions with medium J/1 to 1 M NaCl, 190-µmol. m-2. s-1, 5.0 mmol KNO3, pH 8.2 and another in stressful conditions with medium J/1 to 4.0 M NaCl, 390 µmol. m-2. s-1, 0.50 mmol KNO3, each in triplicate. Population growth was assessed by cell count, and the pigment content was performed by spectrophotometric techniques.Results: It was found that the conditions of stressful influences in the growth and the production of carotenoids of D. salina in comparison with those cultures not stressed. There was a significant difference between the average values of total carotenoids in the experiment with stressful conditions with 9.67±0.19 µg/ml and the experiment with conditions not stressful with 1.54±0.08 µg/ml at the level of significance of p<0.05.Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the stressful condition in the culture is associated with an increase in the production of lipophilic antioxidants, among these carotenoids. The knowledge of the stressful conditions for the production of carotenoids from D. salina isolated from the saline of Manaure opens a field in the use of this biotic resource with biotechnological purposes, production of new antibiotics, nutraceuticals and/or production of biofuels.
ASPERGILLUS TERREUS KMBF1501 A POTENTIAL PIGMENT PRODUCER UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Authors: Akilandeswari P. , Pradeep B. V.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the fungal isolate from soil and to understand the different optimized parameters better to facilitate the pigment production that has high yield and stability.Methods: Aspergillus sp. was isolated from Western Ghats soil by the conventional serial dilution technique and assessed as a potential pigment producer. Different broth medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), czapek-dox broth (CDB), malt extract broth (MEB), rose bengal broth (RBB), sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast malt extract broth (YEMB), pH (3-9), temperature (24, 27, 30, 33, 37 and 40 °C), carbon (lactose,glucose,sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) and nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate), mineral salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2H2Po4), magnesium sulphate (Mg2So4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), copper sulphate (Cu2So4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2Po4) and manganese sulphate (Mn2So4) and inoculum age (2-7 d) of the medium related to high pigment production were analysed.Results: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing showing 99% similarity with other Aspergillus terreus and the Accession number (KX113516) was assigned. The optimum culture conditions for pigment production by Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was achieved at pH 5 (0.563±0.012 nm), temperature of 27 °C (0.382±0.001 nm) with glucose (0.501±0.002 nm) as carbon source, peptone (2.147±0.004 nm) as nitrogen source, Mg2SO4 (0.401±0.001 nm)as mineral salt and 4 d (0.324±0.001 nm) of inoculum age in PDB (0.761±0.006 nm).Conclusion: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 produced maximum pigment when cultured in modified PDB than in common PDB medium. The high concentration of the pigment can be used for various industrial purposes.