bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Concentration and Time Interval of Kinetin Application on The Growth of Daun Duduk (Desmodium triquetrum L.) Seeds
Authors: Magdhalena Asty Pratista , Asmanto Bambang Puji , Sulandjari Sulandjari , Yunus Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Daun duduk (Desmodium triquetrum L.) is a medicinal plant that has the power to treat hemorrhoids, but has not been widely cultivated. This research was conducted to obtain the right concentration and time interval of kinetin application to increase the growth of Daun duduk seedlings. This research was conducted from November 2019 until March 2020 at the Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS. The factors of the experiment were concentration of kinetin (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm) and the time interval of application (once every three months, once every 1.5 months and once a month). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, number of roots, root length, fresh stover and dry stover. The results showed that the single factor of kinetin concentration could increase plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches and dry stover. Meanwhile, the time interval for application and the interaction between the two factors did not have any significant effect. The most effective kinetin concentration in increasing the growth of Daun duduk was 30 ppm.

 

Keywords: growth regulators; herbal medicines; plant height.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract and SAP of Betung Bamboo Shoot (Dendrocalamus asper) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria
Authors: Artanti Anif Nur , Mujahidah Farikatul Sufi
Published: June 2021

Boiled water from bamboo shoots is often used for pneumonia and a cleanser for the wound. It is known that bamboo can be an antibacterial agent because it has saponin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This research aims to study whether ethanol extract and sap from bamboo betung shoot (Dendrocalamus asper) has secondary metabolism and antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract was taken by maceration method using ethanol 96%, and the sap was taken from the water of bamboo shoot. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using disc diffusion method to measure the magnitude of inhibitory power at six concentration ratios of b/v solutions (10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%). The result showed that ethanol extract and sap of bamboo betung shoot contained saponin, quercetin, and quinine which were supposed to have antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The largest inhibitory zone diameter was found in ethanol extract 60% with the category of moderate inhibition of 9.05 ± 0.12 mm against Kliebsiella pneumoniae and 5.07 ± 0.13 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While the sap with a concentration of 60% was included in the weak inhibitory category, which was 5.65 ± 0.05 mm in the Kliebsiella pneumoniae and 4.81 ± 0.22 mm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 
Keywords: antibacterial; bamboo shoot; betung bamboo.
FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL SHAREHOLDERS AND CORPORATE PAYOUT POLICY
Authors:   Airlangga University, Setiawan Rahmat , Christiana Nova ,   Airlangga University, Singh Sanju ,   Airlangga University
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of foreign institutional shareholders (FIS) on corporate payout policy. The study employs 97 Indonesian manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011-2015. Multivariate Tobit and Logit are employed to estimate the model. The result confirms the bird in the hand theory that FISs need assurance of their investments in the emerging market. FIS has a monitoring role over the firms since they have the ability to detect the firm’s quality and the agency problem within. The result confirms that the presence of the FIS in the firm has a positive and significant effect on both measures of corporate payout policy, dividend to net income and dividend to total asset. The presence of the FIS increases the propensity of the firm to pay a dividend.
Preparation of one-component addition-cure liquid silicone rubber coating with enhanced storage stability and bond strength
Authors: Li Chaohua , Su Shengpei , Wang Bikui , Zhou Jijia
Published: June 2021

It is of great interest and challenge to simultaneously improve the storage stability and bond strength of one-component addition-cure liquid silicone rubber (OLSR) coating for electronic circuit board. In this work, we proposed an efficient approach to address this issue by incorporating both cyano-modification platinum catalyst (CN-PT) and urethane-containing poly(hydromethylsiloxane) (N-PHMS) into OLSR coating using a mechanical mixer. The CN-PT and N-PHMS were synthesized through thermal polymerization reaction and hydrosilylation reaction, respectively. The OLSR coating containing 0.3 phr CN-PT and 3 phr N-PHMS showed the best properties, with a tensile bond strength of 1.63 MPa, a storage period > 180 d at 25°C, and a curing rate < 2 h at 80°C. The salt-spray resistance and continuous power-on performance of OLSR coating were also improved, compared with pure OLSR coating. The synergism of CN-Pt and N-PHMS on the enhancement both the storage stability and bond strength of OLSR coating was also explored. Our findings exhibited great potentials for fabricating OLSR coating with excellent long-term stable service performance including high storage stability and protective ability.
Novel Pediatric Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis With a Marked Bloody Pericardial Effusion and Bloody Stool: A Case Report
Authors: Kato Memi , Jimbo Keisuke , Nagata Masumi , Endo Yoshiko , Kashiwagi Kousuke , Maruyama Kimiko , Ito Natsuki , Tokushima Kaori , Arai Nobuyasu , Kyodo Reiko , Sato Masamichi , Miyata Eri , Hosoi Kenji , Ikuse Tamaki , Fukunaga Hideo , Kudo Takahiro , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: June 2021

Background
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a syndrome of refractory vasculitis in the upper respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys, and systemic small and medium-sized arteries; adults and children have similar courses. A pediatric GPA case with a preceding bloody pericardial effusion, which caused cardiac tamponade, and bloody stool has not been reported.
Case presentation:
A 14-year-old boy was referred for the evaluation of prolonged fever. He had chest pain and bloody stools, and diagnostic imaging showed a pericardial effusion. Immediately after admission, his systolic blood pressure decreased (85/70 mmHg), and pericardiocentesis was performed, with aspiration of approximately 500 mL of bloody pericardial fluid. Because pericardiocentesis increased the blood pressure (115/65 mmHg), the cause of the blood pressure decrease was diagnosed as cardiac tamponade. Because the pericardial fluid cytology was negative for malignant disease, as were chest MRI and gallium scintigraphy, colonoscopy was performed and showed multiple irregular-shaped aphthae from the right transverse colon to the cecum on the contralateral side of the mesenteric attachments, and a biopsy of the aphthous region showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. The patient also had an elevated serine proteinase 3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) level (141 IU/mL) on serological examination. Head MRI showed thickening of nasal and sinus mucosa and a cystic mass in the left sphenoid sinus. Therefore, GPA was diagnosed based on these findings, and treatment with oral prednisolone (PSL) and azathioprine was started. After the treatment, the bloody stool disappeared, and there was no recurrence of pericardial effusion even after completing PSL tapering, and the PR3-ANCA level was maintained in the normal range.
Conclusions
Although pericarditis is a common cardiac complication of GPA, there have been no previous reports of cardiac tamponade due to pericarditis. This is the first case of a pediatric patient with cardiac and gastrointestinal complications preceding the main symptoms, including upper and lower respiratory tract and renal symptoms, although cases of GPA with bloody stools are extremely rare. In conclusion, the sequencing of measuring ANCA levels appears important assuming the vasculitic syndrome as one of differential diseases causing persistent fever and bloody stool including such as the inflammatory bowel disease.
An Efficient Parallel Block Compressive Sensing Scheme for Medical Signals and Image Compression
Authors: Chakraborty Parnasree , C Tharini
Published: June 2021

With rapid development of real-time and dynamic application, Compressive Sensing or Compressed sensing (CS) has been used for medical image and biomedical signal compression in the last decades. The performance of CS based compression is mostly dependent on decoding methods rather than the CS encoding methods used in practice. Many CS encoding and decoding algorithms have been reported in literature. However, the comparative study on performance metrics of CS encoding with block processing and without block processing is not investigated by the researchers so far. This paper proposes block CS based medical images and signals compression technique and the proposed technique is compared with standard CS compression. The proposed algorithm divides the input medical images and signals to blocks and each block is processed parallel to enable faster computation. Three performance indices, i.e., the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), reconstruction time (RT) and structural similarity index (SSIM) were tested to observe their changes with respect to compression ratio. The results showed that block CS algorithm had better performance than standard CS based compression. More specifically, the parallel block CS reported the best results than standard CS with respect to less reconstruction time and satisfactory PSNR and SSIM.
Fuscibacter Oryzae Gen. nov., sp. nov., A Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Rice Plant
Authors: Chhetri Geeta , Kang Minchung , Kim Jiyoun , Kim Inhyup , So Yoonseop , Seo Taegun
Published: June 2021

An ovoid to rod shaped, white tobrown pigmented, facultative anaerobic, mesophilic, non-phototrophic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, multiply by binary fission designated strain KVB23T, which was isolated from root of rice plant, near Ilsan, South Korea, was investigated for its taxonomic position by polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was found to occur at 30˚C, at pH 6.5 and in the absence of NaCl on R2A. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KVB23Trevealed that it formed a distinct lineage, as a separate deep branch within the family Rhodobacteriaceae, with <96.5% sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Rhodobacter, Xinfangfangia, Tabrizicola, Falsirhodobacter, Haematobacter, Paenirhodobacter, Pseudorhodobacter and Pararhodobacter. Based in 16S rRNA sequences strain KVB23T was most closely related to Tabrizicola fusiformis KCTC 62105T (96.5%) and Rhodobacter thermarumKCTC 52712T(96.2%).The draft genome of strain KVB23Twas 3.80 bp long with a DNA G + C content of 63.1 %. Genome of strain KVB23T harboured gene clusters for tryptophan and cobalaminbiosynthesis. The strain contained Q-10 as the sole respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were found to consist of C16:0, C18:0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1 ω7c and / or C18:1 ω6). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine,seven unidentified phosphoglycolipids, two unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids.Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphates and enhance the soil fertility. Strain KVB23Tcan solubilize calcium phosphate tribasic. Phosphate solubilizing and tryptophan biosynthesis property of strain KVB23T could be a possible factor for the increase in growth of rice plant. Differential phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain KVB23T was found to represent a novel genus in the Rhodobacteriaceaefamily, for which the name Fuscibacteroryzae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KVB23T(=KACC 21711T =NBRC 114716T).
Surgical Treatment of Costal Cartilage Fractures With Titanium Plate Internal Fixation
Authors: Li Yang , Zhao Yonghong , Yang Yi , Wu Weiming , Guo Xiang , Zhao Tiancheng
Published: June 2021

Background: This study aim to evaluate surgical procedures for titanium plate internal fixation of costal cartilage fractures with displacement or nonunion. Methods: From January 2019 to October 2020, 13 patients with costal cartilage fractures were treated with titanium plate internal fixation in the thoracic surgery department of the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital. Pain severity scale scores and respiratory function were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. All the patients had a 6-month follow-up for treatment evaluation. Results: The mean hospital length of stay was 10.7 days. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between preoperative and postoperative pain severity scores( 7.69 vs. 5.00). VC (24.6% vs. 44.5%) and FEV1 (25.3% vs. 44.0%) were also significantly different before operation and after operation (P<0.05). At follow-up, healing of the nonunion or fracture was confirmed in all the cases. Conclusion: The rigid titanium plate application ensured a safe and easy management of costal cartilage fractures and nonunion with a good prognosis as compared with other methods.
Recycling of Waste Tyre into Silica-Rubber Compounds for Green Tyre Application
Authors: Ghosh Joyeeta , Hait Sakrit , Ghorai Soumyajit , Mondal Dipankar , Heinrich Gert , Wießner Sven , Das Amit , De Debapriya
Published: June 2021

The prevention of detrimental effects to environment, owing to generation of a huge amount of rubber wastes, is a big challenge across the globe that warrants a thorough investigation of recycling and reuses waste of rubber products. In this spirit a sustainable development of a devulcanization process along with the production of value added devulcanized rubber is a task of hours. The present work describes a simultaneous devulcanization and chemical functionalisation process of waste solution styrene butadiene rubber (S-SBR). This kind of rubber is generally used as the main polymer component in silica filled tread rubber compounds for high-performance passenger car tyres. As-grown ethoxy groups on the functionalized devulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (D-SBR) are exploited for the coupling between silica and the devulcanized rubber chains. We compare the mechanical and dynamic mechanical performance of D-SBR with that of virgin SBR control composites. Covalently bonding interfaces developed from the pendent ethoxy groups of D-SBR and silanol groups on the silica surface offer a competitive and promising performance of the D-SBR based composites. We conclude that the present approach can be further utilized for the large-scale production of different rubber products with satisfied elastomeric performance.
Divergence in Accuracy of Diabetes Screening Methods in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross- Sectional Study from Brazil and Peru
Authors: Carmo Thomas A. , Fernandes Catarina D. , Neto José F. Fróes , Araújo Davi Neri , Vinhaes Caian L. , Cubillos-Angulo Juan M. , Nogueira Betânia M. F. , Rocha Michael S. , Nascimento Vanessa , Calderon Roger I. , Lecca Leonid , Netto Eduardo M. , Andrade Bruno B. , Arriaga María B.
Published: June 2021

Background: To evaluate the accuracy of distinct diabetes mellitus (DM) screening methods in persons with active Tuberculosis PWTB.Methods: Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis at the study clinics were assessed from two distinct retrospective cohorts of PWTB from Brazil (n=116) and Peru (n=136) to evaluate accuracy for detecting pre-DM and DM cases. Additionally, we investigated the association of clinical and sociodemographic factors with tuberculosis and pre-DM or DM in each country.Results: When comparing PWTB from Brazil and Peru, Peruvian individuals presented higher FPG levels at baseline (median [IQR] 91 [81–106 vs 95 [88.4–102.1]]; p=0.02), while those from Brazil had significant higher levels of HbA1c (median [IQR] 6.3 [5.7-7.15] vs 5.1 [4.9-5.4]; p<0.01). Additional analysis using the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the markers showed distinct accuracy to identify dysglycemia among PWTB in each country. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the total accuracy of the glycemic screening methods evaluated between PWTB from two highly endemic countries from South America, highlighting the need to revisit the diagnostic criteria of DM/PDM in individuals with tuberculosis.
A Knowledge Discovery Method for Landslide Monitoring Based on K-core Decomposition and the Louvain Algorithm
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhu Jun , Li Wei-lian , Xie Ya-kun , Lin Fu
Published: June 2021

Landslide monitoring plays an important role in predicting, forecasting and preventing landslides. Quantitative explorations at the subject level and fine-scale knowledge in landslide monitoring research can be used to provide information and references for landslide monitoring status analysis and disaster management. In the context of the large amount of keyword co-occurrence network information, it is difficult to clearly determine and display the domain topic hierarchy and knowledge structure. This paper proposes a landslide monitoring knowledge discovery method that combines the K-core decomposition and Louvain algorithms. In this method, author keywords from the literature are used as nodes to construct a weighted co-occurrence network, and a pruning standard value is defined for K. The K-core approach is used to decompose the network into subgraphs. Combined with the unsupervised Louvain algorithm, subgraphs are divided into different topic communities by setting a modularity change threshold, which is used to establish a topic hierarchy and identify fine-scale knowledge related to landslide monitoring. Based on the Web of Science, a comparative experiment involving the above method and a high-frequency keyword subgraph method for landslide monitoring knowledge discovery is performed. In the resulting 5-core network subgraph of landslide monitoring keyword co-occurrence, 17 community structures can be identified, and the degree value and density of subcommunities are analysed by taking the community with the largest proportion of nodes as an example. The results show that the retention time of the proposed method is significantly lower than that of the traditional method.
UWB fastly-tunable 0.5-50 GHz RF transmitter based on integrated photonics
Authors: Falconi Fabio , Porzi Claudio , Scotti Filippo , Serafino Giovanni , Malacarne Antonio , Ghelfi Paolo , Bogoni Antonella
Published: June 2021

In the last decade, the interest in software-defined ultra-wideband (UWB) and tunable radio frequency (RF) apparatuses with low size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP), has grown dramatically, pushed by the new 6G vision where, RF equipment shall enable a large number of fundamental applications as UWB communications, robot localization mapping and control and high precision radars, all of them contributing in revolutionizing our life style.
Unfortunately, the coexistence of ultra-wideband and software-defined operation, tunability and low SWaP represents a big issue in the current RF technologies.
In this article, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a complete tunable software-defined RF transmitter with low footprint (i.e. on photonic chip) is presented exceeding the state-of-the-art for the extremely large tunability range of 0.5-50 GHz without any parallelization of narrower-band components and with fast tuning (<200micros). This first implementation, represents a breakthrough in microwave photonics.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells prune axons in the mouse neocortex
Authors: Buchanan JoAnn , Elabbady Leila , Collman Forrest , Jorstad Nicholas , Bakken Trygve , Ott Carolyn , Glazer Jenna , Bleckert Adam , Bodor Agnes , Brittain Derrick , Bumbarger Dan , Mahalingam Gayathri , Seshamani Sharmishtaa , Schneider-Mizell Casey , Takeno Marc , Torres Russel , Yin Wenjing , Hodge Rebecca , Castro Manuel , Dorkenwald Sven , Ih Dodam , Jordan Chris , Kemnitz Nico , Lee Kisuk , Lu Ran , Macrina Thomas , Mu Shang , Popovych Sergiy , Silversmith William , Tartavull Ignacio , Turner Nicholas , Wilson Alyssa , Wong William , Wu Jingpeng , Zlateski Aleksandar , Zung Jonathan , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Lein Ed S. , Seung H. Sebastian , Bergles Dwight , Reid R. Clay , Costa Nuno da
Published: June 2021

Neurons in the developing brain undergo extensive structural refinement as nascent circuits adopt their mature form1. This transformation is facilitated by the engulfment and degradation of excess axonal branches and inappropriate synapses by surrounding glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes2,3. However, the small size of phagocytic organelles and the complex, highly ramified morphology of glia has made it difficult to determine the contribution of these and other glial cell types to this process. Here, we used large scale, serial electron microscopy (ssEM) with computational volume segmentation to reconstruct the complete 3D morphologies of distinct glial types in the mouse visual cortex. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the fine processes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a population of abundant, highly dynamic glial progenitors4, frequently surrounded terminal axon branches and included numerous phagolysosomes (PLs) containing fragments of axons and presynaptic terminals. Single- nucleus RNA sequencing indicated that cortical OPCs express key phagocytic genes, as well as neuronal transcripts, consistent with active axonal engulfment. PLs were ten times more abundant in OPCs than in microglia in P36 mice, and declined with age and lineage progression, suggesting that OPCs contribute very substantially to refinement of neuronal circuits during later phases of cortical development.
Molecular triggers of symptoms of parosmia and insights into the underlying mechanism
Authors: Gane Simon , Parker Jane , Kelly Christine
Published: June 2021

The molecular stimuli that trigger a parosmic response have been identified. Parosmia is a debilitating condition in which familiar smells become distorted and unpleasant, frequently leading to clinical depression. Often a result of post infectious smell loss, incidences are increasing as COVID-19 cases escalate worldwide. Until now, there was little understanding of its pathophysiology, and the prevailing hypothesis for the underlying mechanism is a mis-wiring of olfactory sensory neurons. However, with novel application of flavour chemistry techniques as a relatively rapid screening tool for assessment of both quantitative and qualitative olfactory loss, we identified 15 different molecular triggers in coffee. This provides evidence for peripheral causation, but places constraints on the mis-wiring theory. Furthermore, it provides the basis for development of a practical diagnostic tool and treatment strategies.
Performance of Gridded Precipitation Products in the Black Sea Region for Hydrological Studies
Authors: SWALIH SEAD AHMED , Kahya Ercan
Published: June 2021

Gridded precipitation products are becoming good alternative data sources for regions with limited weather gauging stations. In this study, four climate gridded precipitation products were utilized, namely: Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim/land, the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), and Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP). The key novelty of this study is to fill the gap in one of important areas of the transcontinental region of Eurasia, namely Rize province in the Black Sea region being selected as a study area since it has complex topography and climatology in addition to a limited number of gauging stations. A set of precipitation products were assessed for performance with the observed precipitation data before using a hydrological model (SWAT) to evaluate the basin response for the climate products. Three methods were considered in this study: (i) spatial comparison; (ii) hydrological, and (iii) statistical evaluation. Along with precipitation forcing, the SWAT model simulations were analysed in conjunction with streamflow observations. In an overall evaluation, the percentage bias of ERA-Interim/land, CFSR, APHRODITE, and MSWEP mean monthly precipitation is 19.9%, 33.4%, 41.4% and 85.0% respectively. For the flow simulations, the CFSR and MSWEP have resulted in exaggerated peak flows in the high flow season due to overestimated precipitation forcing (Nash Sutcliffe efficiency [NS] equal to 0.22 and -0.73, respectively). On the contrary, the APHRODITE underestimated the peak flows due to lower precipitation estimates (NS = 0.38). The ERA-Interim land showed good agreement with the observed flows (NS = 0.53). From these readings we stated that the ERA-Interim land exhibited improved performance with the observed precipitation whereas the CFSR showed the worst performance. The study suggests that gridded precipitation products could supplement observed precipitation data for observational data scarcity in mountainous regions.
Soil Dynamics of Cr(VI) and Responses of Portulaca Oleracea Grown in a Cr(VI)-Spiked Soil under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes
Authors: Thalassinos Georgios , Nastou Elina , Petropoulos Spyridon A. , Antoniadis Vasileios
Published: June 2021

The reduction potential of the highly toxic Cr(VI) to the inert Cr(III) in an alkaline soil was studied during a 50-day experiment with Portulacaoleracea grown in pots. We aimed at assessing whether our test species can be a phytoremediation candidate for Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. We measured the Cr(VI) reduction rate in soil, determined the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations in aerial and root P. oleracea tissues, calculated the Transfer coefficient (TC=metal in plant over metal in soil) and the Translocation factor (TF=metal in aerial biomass over metal in roots) in order to assess Cr(VI) uptake and distribution in plant tissues, while we also studied the effect of added nitrogen in the studied parameters. We added five different Cr(VI) levels,reaching 148.6 mg Cr(VI) kg-1soil and also had two N levels (equivalent to 0 and 200kg ha-1). The results indicated that Cr in plant tissues was mainly found in its reduced form (Cr(III)) and only a minor fraction of Cr was detected in its oxidized form (Cr(VI)). The main remediation mechanism was found to be that of the naturally occurring Cr(VI) reduction that effectively produced Cr(III), followed by the uptake of Cr(VI) from our test plants. We also found that Cr(VI) in P. oleracea tissues was mainly found in roots and relatively low Cr(VI) concentrations were found in the above ground tissues. We concluded that P. oleraceais a tolerant plant species, especially if assisted with a sufficient level of N fertilization, although it failed to approach the threshold of being categorized as an accumulator species.However, before reaching more conclusive suggestionsabout P. oleracea as a potential phytoremediation species, further investigation is necessary.
An Energy Efficient Resource Allocation and Transmit Antenna Selection Scheme in mm-Wave Using Massive MIMO Technology
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Kishoreraja P C
Published: June 2021

The massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) improves the reliability of transmission and capacity of the channel. Resource allocation (RA) and Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) can minimize the complexity in implementation and hardware costs. In this research, both the RA as well as the TAS of wireless communication in millimetre- wave (mm-wave) with massive MIMO technology is considered. Two different solutions are developed for this research such as the Deep Learning method for efficient resource allocation process and optimization algorithm for Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) process. Here, the RA process is done with the help of Attention Based Capsule Auto-Encoder (ACAE) architecture which allocates the radio resources like power, space, time and frequency to all the available users in the system. Further, Battle Royale Optimization (BRO) algorithm is utilized to select an efficient antenna from multiple antennas at BS. This optimization algorithm optimally selects an efficient antenna so that, user equipments (UEs) can create high quality links and achieves a reduced power consumption rate of the whole architecture. The overall system performance depends on the selection of optimal antenna which in terms enhances Spectral Efficiency (SE), Energy Efficiency (EE), reliability, and diversity gain of MIMO technology. In this way, both RA and optimal antenna selection schemes are performed to maximize the overall performance of wireless communication with massive MIMO technology for 5G wireless communication applications. The implementation of the proposed methodology is evaluated on MATLAB. Finally, the efficiency of the developed method is improved with respect to the capacity, EE and SE.
Optically Powered Gas Monitoring System Using Single-Mode Fibre for Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Chen Yingge , Silvestri Leonardo , Lei Xinyue , Ladouceur François
Published: June 2021

We present an optically powered, intrinsically safe gas monitoring system to measure four essential environmental gases (CH4, CO2, CO and O2), together with ambient temperature and pressure, for underground mines. The system is based on three key technologies developed at UNSW: (1) power-over-fibre (PoF) at 1,550 nm using a single industry-standard, low-cost single-mode fibre (SMF) for both power delivery and information transmission, (2) liquid-crystal-based optical transducers for optical telemetry, and (3) ultra-low power consumption design of all electronics. Together, this approach allows each gas monitoring station to operate with less than 150 mW of optical power, meeting the intrinsic safety requirements specified by the IEC60079-28 standard. A 2-month field trial at BMA’s Broadmeadow underground mine proved the cabling compatibility to the mine’s existing optical network and the stability of the system performance. Compared with conventional electrically powered gas sensors, this technology bypasses the usual roadblocks of underground gas monitoring where electrical power is either unsafe or unavailable. Furthermore, using one fibre for both power delivery and communication enables longer distance coverage, reduces optical cabling and increases multiplexing possibilities and data throughput for better awareness of underground environment.
Identification of Visual Imagery by Electroencephalography Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and an Auto-Regressive Model
Authors: Fu Yunfa , Gong Anmin , Qian Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2021

The traditional imagery task for brain−computer interfaces (BCIs) consists of motor imagery (MI) in which subjects are instructed to imagine moving a certain part of their body. This kind of imagery task is difficult for subjects. In this study, we used a less studied yet more easily performed type of mental imagery—visual imagery (VI)—in which subjects are instructed to visualize a picture in their brain to implement a BCI. In this study, 18 subjects were recruited and instructed to observe one of two visual-cued pictures (one was static, while the other was moving), and then imagine the cued picture in each trial. Simultaneously, electroencephalography (EEG) signals were collected. Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), auto-regressive (AR) models and the combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and AR were used to extract features, respectively. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the two kinds of VI tasks. The average, highest, and lowest classification accuracies of HHT were 68.143.06%, 78.33%, and 53.3%, respectively. The values of the AR model were 56.292.73%, 71.67%, and 30%, respectively. The values obtained by the combination of EMD and the AR model were 78.402.07%, 87%, and 48.33%, respectively. The results indicate that multiple VI tasks were separable based on EEG, and that the combination of EMD and an AR model used in VI feature extraction was better than that of an HHT or AR model alone. Our work may provide ideas for the construction of a new online VI-BCI.
Application of SWSFET in Image Segmentation
Authors: Karmakar Supriya
Published: June 2021

Image segmentation is a fundamental image processing technique to extract the required information from an image. The core element of any integrated circuit (IC) chip for signal processing is the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). There are various limitations of MOSFET in sub-nm process technology. This work introduces the application of a new type of MOSFET, which is known as the spatial wave function switched field effect transistor (SWSFET), in the image processing application. The channel in a SWSFET is comprised of various low bandgap semiconductor layers. The charge carriers move across various channels and generate current through different drain terminals. The SWSFET is used to design a window detector which is applied in image segmentation.
Multimodality Approach to Characterizing the Distinctive Hallmarks of Lung Fibrosis: A Mouse Model with Bleomycin and Indocyanine Green
Authors: Grandi Andrea , Ferrini Erica , Ciccimarra Roberta , Mambrini Martina , Mecozzi Laura , Leo Ludovica , Silva Mario , Sverzellati Nicola , Donofrio Gaetano , Ruffini Livia , Villetti Gino , Stellari Franco Fabio
Published: June 2021

Background.Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a progressive disease with short life expectancy and no disease-modifying pharmacological therapy. The continuous refinement of animal models and the integration of in-vivo imaging techniques is fundamental for the selection of new antifibrotic drugs.Indocyanine Green (ICG), a fluorescent dye, was administered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) to mice with Bleomycin (BLM) to map the lung exposure.Methods.Female mice C57bl/6 were treated via OA with BLM+ICG or ICG. Animals were imaged at 7, 14 and 21 days either with the fluorescent system or Micro-CT. At each time point subsets of mice were sampled for ex-vivo assessment. Histological assessment of fibrosis by Ashcroft score, airspace enlargements and mean linear intercept (MLI) were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days. Leukocytes and cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results.Fluorescence imaging revealed a persistent lung signal in both groups until 21 days. In BLM+ICG group, Micro-CT detected a marked increase in hypo- and non-aerated tissues throughout the study. At later time points hyper-inflated tissue was detected. Histology revealed high Ashcroft score throughout the time-course with a prominent increase in airspace size and MLI at day 21. ICG mice had healthy lungs.Conclusions.We showed that ICG can be used as a tracer to map the distribution of BLM in lungs. However, BLM+ICG produced unexpected severe lung changes different from pure BLM model, such as emphysema-like features which progressively worsened. The multimodalities approach warranted characterization of the distinctive features of this new pulmonary fibrosis model and provided fundamentals for in-vivo translation.
Pythagorean fuzzy time series model based on Pythagorean fuzzy c-means and improved Markov weighted in the prediction of the new COVID-19 cases
Authors: Xian Sidong , Cheng Yue
Published: June 2021

Time series is an extremely important branch of prediction and the research on it plays an important guiding role in production and life. To get more realistic prediction results, scholars have explored the combination of fuzzy theory and time series. Although some results have been achieved so far, there are still gaps in the combination of n-Pythagorean fuzzy sets and time series. In this paper, a pioneering n-Pythagorean fuzzy time series model (n-PFTS) and its forecasting method (n-IMWPFCM) is proposed to employ a n-Pythagorean fuzzy c-means clustering method (n-PFCM) to overcome the subjectivity of directly assigning membership and non-membership values, thus improving the accuracy of the partition the universe of discoure. A novel improved Markov prediction method is exploited to enhance the prediction accuracy of the model. The proposed prediction method is applied to the yearly University of Alabama enrollments data and the new COVID-19 cases data. The results show that compared with the traditional fuzzy time series forecasting method, the proposed method has better forecasting accuracy. Meanwhile, it has the characteristics of low computational complexity and high interpretability and demonstrates the superiority of this model from a realistic perspective.
Comprehensive Analysis of SRAM Cell Architectures With 18nm FinFET for Low Power Applications
Authors: Kumar T. Santosh , Tripathi Suman Lata
Published: June 2021

The SRAM cells are used in many applications where power consumption will be the main constraint. The Conventional 6T SRAM cell has reduced stability and more power consumption when technology is scaled resulting in supply voltage scaling, so other alternative SRAM cells from 7T to 12T have been proposed which can address these problems. Here a low power 7T SRAM cell is suggested which has low power consumption and condensed leakage currents and power dissipation. The projected design has a leakage power of 5.31nW and leakage current of 7.58nA which is 84.9% less than the 7T SRAM cell without using the proposed leakage reduction technique and it is 22.4% better than 6T SRAM and 22.1% better than 8T SRAM cell when both use the same leakage reduction technique. The cell area of the 7T SRAM cell is 1.25µM2, 6T SRAM is 1.079µM2 and that of 8T SRAM is 1.28µM2all the results are simulated in cadence virtuoso using 18nm technology.
Analysis of Pir Gene Expression Across the Plasmodium Life Cycle
Authors: Little Timothy S. , Cunningham Deirdre A. , Vandomme Audrey , Lopez Carlos Talavera , Amis Sarah I. , Alder Christopher , Addy John W.G. , McLaughlin Sarah , Hosking Caroline , Christophides George K. , Reid Adam J. , Langhorne Jean
Published: June 2021

Background Plasmodium interspersed repeat ( pir ) is the largest multigene family in the genomes of most Plasmodium species. A variety of functions for the PIR proteins which they encode have been proposed, including antigenic variation, immune evasion, sequestration and rosetting. However, direct evidence for these is lacking. The repetitive nature of the family has made it difficult to determine function experimentally. However, there has been some success in using gene expression studies to suggest roles for some members in virulence and chronic infection. Methods Here we examined pir gene expression across the life cycle of P. berghei using publicly available RNAseq data-sets, and at high resolution in the intraerythrocytic development cycle using new data from P. chabaudi . Results Expression of pir genes is greatest in stages of the parasite which invade and reside in red blood cells. The marked exception is that liver merozoites and male gametocytes produce a very large number of pir gene transcripts, notably compared to female gametocytes, which produce relatively few. Within the asexual blood stages different subfamilies peak at different times, suggesting further functional distinctions. Representing a subfamily of its own, the highly conserved ancestral pir gene warrants further investigation due to its potential tractability for functional investigation. It is highly transcribed in multiple life cycle stages and across most studied Plasmodium species and thus is likely to play an important role in parasite biology. Conclusions By identifying distinct expression patterns for different pir genes and subfamilies we hope to provide a basis for the design of future experiments to uncover their function.
Increased Cerebrovascular Reactivity In Selected Brain Regions After Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Improves The Speed of Visual Cancellation In Patients With Severe Steno-Occlusive Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shimonaga Koji , Hama Seiji , Furui Akira , Yanagawa Akiko , Kandori Akihiko , Atsumori Hirokazu , Yamawaki Shigeto , Matsushige Toshinori , Tsuji Toshio
Published: June 2021

The effect of the change in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in each brain area on cognitive function after extracranial-intracranial bypass was examined as a preliminary study in 20 patients with severe steno-occlusive disease. CVR studies and the visual cancellation task (VC) were performed before and after surgery. The Speed and Accuracy scores of the VC, which increased with improvement after the operation, were evaluated. CVR increased postoperatively both ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the surgery. Before surgery VC completion time was delayed, but accuracy was relatively maintained. In stepwise and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models, two regions (right inferior frontal gyrus and right uncus) for the Speed score and one region (right superior occipital gyrus) for the Accuracy score were common brain regions associated with CVR change after surgery. The Speed and Accuracy scores of brain regions of the right cerebral hemisphere, which may be anatomically distant from the blood vessel anastomosis, were related to CVR change. Moreover, in the ischemic stage, with reduced CVR but no cerebral infarction, processing speed might decrease to maintain accuracy, and revascularization might increase the processing speed. In revascularization, the relationship between CVR change and the speed-accuracy trade-off in each brain region should be considered.
Dual Activity of Serratia Marcescens Pt-3 in Phosphate-solubilizing and Production of Antifungal Volatiles
Authors: Gong Andong , Wang Gaozhan , Song Mengge , Dimuna Cheelo , Gao Zhen , Wang Hualing , Yang Peng
Published: June 2021

Background: Soil fertility decline and pathogen infection are severe issues for crop production all over the world. Microbes as inherent factors in soil were effective in alleviating fertility decrease, promoting plant growth and controlling plant pathogens et al. Thus, screening microbes with fertility improving and pathogen controlling are great importance to humans.Results: Bacteria Pt-3 isolated from tea rhizosphere showed multiple functions in solubilizing insoluble phosphate, promoting plant growth, producing abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inhibiting the growth of important fungal pathogens in vitro. According to the 16S rRNA phylogenetic and biochemical analysis, Pt-3 was identified to be Serratia marcescens. The solubilizing zone of Pt-3 in the medium of lecithin and Ca3(PO4)2 was 2.1 cm and 1.8 cm respectively. In liquid medium and soil, the concentration of soluble phosphorus reached 343.9 mg.L-1, and 3.98 mg.kg-1, and significantly promoted the growth of maize seedling, respectively. Moreover, Pt-3 produced abundant volatiles and greatly inhibited the growth of seven important phytopathogens. The inhibition rate ranged from 75.51 to 100% respectively. Solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proved that the antifungal volatile was dimethyl disulfide. Dimethyl disulfide can inhibit the germination of Aspergillus flavus, and severely destroy the cell structures under scanning electron microscopy.Conclusions: S. marcescens Pt-3 with multiple functions will provide novel agent for the production of bioactive fertilizer with P-solubilizing and fungal pathogens control activity.
The tumor immune microenvironment of primary and metastatic HER2- positive breast cancers utilizing gene expression and spatial proteomic profiling
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Church Sarah E. , Hether Tyler D , Chaldekas Krysta , Hudson Briana M , White Andrew M , Maisonet Emily , Harris Brent T , Swain Sandra M
Published: June 2021

Background
The characterization of the immune component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer has been limited. Molecular and spatial characterization of HER2 + TME of primary, recurrent, and metastatic breast tumors has the potential to identify immune mediated mechanisms and biomarker targets that could be used to guide selection of therapies.
Methods
We examined 15 specimens from eight patients with HER2 + breast cancer: 10 primary breast tumors (PBT), two soft tissue, one lung, and two brain metastases (BM). Using molecular profiling by bulk gene expression TME signatures, including the Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS) and PAM50 subtyping, as well as spatial characterization of immune hot, warm, and cold regions in the stroma and tumor epithelium using 64 protein targets on the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler.
Results
PBT had higher infiltration of immune cells relative to metastatic sites and higher protein and gene expression of immune activation markers when compared to metastatic sites. TIS scores were lower in metastases, particularly in BM. BM also had less immune infiltration overall, but in the stromal compartment with the highest density of immune infiltration had similar levels of T cells that were less activated than PBT stromal regions suggesting immune exclusion in the tumor epithelium.
Conclusions
Our findings show stromal and tumor localized immune cells in the TME are more active in primary versus metastatic disease. This suggests patients with early HER2 + breast cancer could have more benefit from immune-targeting therapies than patients with advanced disease.
60 GHz Double Deck T-Gate AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT for V-Band Satellites
Authors: Fletcher A.S. Augustine , Nirmal D , Ajayan J , Arivazhagan L , K Husna Hamza , Murugapandiyan P
Published: June 2021

The influence of double deck T-gate on LG=0.2 μm AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT is analysed in this paper. The T-gate supported with Silicon Nitride provides a tremendous mechanical reliability. It drops off the crest electric-field at gate edges and postponing the breakdown voltage of a device. A 0.2-μm double deck T-gate HEMT on Silicon Carbide substrate offer fMAX of 107 Giga Hertz, fT of 60 Giga Hertz and the breakdown voltage of 136 Volts. Furthermore, it produces the maximum-transconductance and drain-current of 0.187 Siemens/mm and 0.41 Ampere/mm respectively. In addition, the lateral electric-field noticed at gate-edge shows 2.1×106 Volts/cm. Besides, the double deck T-gate AlN/GaN HEMT achieves a 45 % increment in breakdown voltage compared to traditional GaN-HEMT device. Moreover, it reveals a remarkable Johnson figure-of-merit of 7.9 Tera Hertz Volt. Therefore, the double deck T-gate on AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMT is the superlative device for 60 GHz V-band satellite application.
Energy and Momentum Eigenspectrum of the Hulthén-screened Cosine Kratzer Potential Using Proper Quantization Rule and SUSYQM Method
Authors: Purohit Kaushal R , PARMAR Rajendrasinh H , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: June 2021

Using the Qiang-Dong proper quantization rule (PQR) and the supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, we obtained the eigenspectrum of the energy and momentum for time independent and time dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potentials. For the suggested time independent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential, we solved the Schrodinger equation in D dimensions (HSCKP). The Feinberg-Horodecki equation for time-dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential was also solved (tHSCKP). To address the inverse square term in the time independent and time dependent equations, we employed the Greene-Aldrich approximation approach. We were able to extract time independent and time dependent potentials, as well as their accompanying energy and momentum spectra. In three-dimensional space, we estimated the rotational vibrational (RV) energy spectrum for many homodimers ($H_2, I_2, O_2$) and heterodimers ($MnH, ScN, LiH, HCl$). We also used the recently introduced formula approach to obtain the relevant eigen function. We also calculated momentum spectra for the dimers $MnH$ and $ScN$. The method is compared to prior methodologies for accuracy and validity using numerical data for heterodimer $LiH, HCl$ and homodimer $I_2, O_2,H_2$. The calculated energy and momentum spectra are tabulated and analysed.