Pengaruh Komposisi Media Terhadap Induksi Tunas dan Akar Lima Genotipe Tanaman Agave Pada Kultur In Vitro
Authors: Ridhawati Aprilia , Anggraeni Tantri Dyah Ayu , Purwati Rully Dyah 
Published: August 2018

<p><span lang="IN">Agave (<em>Agave sisalana</em> Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam</span><span lang="IN">. Pengembangan agave terkendala penyediaan bahan tanam bermutu. Teknik kultur jaringan dapat menghasilkan</span><span lang="IN"> benih agave dalam jumlah banyak dengan kualitas yang seragam</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span lang="IN">Tujuan penelitian </span><span lang="IN">adalah </span><span lang="IN">untuk </span><span lang="IN">mendapatkan </span><span lang="IN">komposisi media</span><span lang="IN"> terbaik dalam induksi tunas dan akar lima genotipe agave pada kultur <em>in vitro</em>. </span><span lang="IN">Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balittas dari bulan Juli</span><span lang="IN"> 2015</span><span lang="IN"> sampai Juni 2016. Sumber eksplan adalah tunas aseptik agave genotipe Balittas 10, Balittas 12, Balittas 13, Balittas 14</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> dan H-11648 dari kultur <em>in vitro</em></span><span lang="IN">. </span><span lang="IN">Rancangan penelitian </span><span>yang di</span><span lang="IN">gu</span><span lang="IN">nakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial </span><span lang="IN">(</span><span lang="IN">dua faktor</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="IN"> tiga ulangan</span><span lang="IN">)</span><span lang="IN">. Faktor I</span><span lang="IN"> adalah komposisi media dan faktor II adalah genotipe. Komposisi media induksi tunas: </span><span lang="IN">M1 (MS + BAP 0,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l)</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> dan M3 (MS + BAP 1,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l)</span><span lang="IN">. Komposisi media perakaran: </span><span lang="IN">M1 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l); M2 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M3 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + IBA 1 g/l); M4 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l)</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> dan M5 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 1 mg/l)</span><span lang="IN">. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi media induksi tunas menghasilkan jumlah tunas (1,09–1,33) dan kecepatan induksi (4 minngu) yang tidak berbeda nyata. Komposisi media induksi akar yang terbaik adalah media M4 (</span><span lang="IN">MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l</span><span lang="IN">) dengan jumlah akar 4,53. Genotipe Balittas 14 menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan jumlah akar yang paling tinggi dibandingkan genotipe lain (1,56 tunas dan 4,59 akar).</span></p><p> </p><p><strong>The Effect of Media Composition on The Induction of Shoot and Roots and of Five Agave Clones on In Vitro Culture</strong></p><p><span lang="IN">Agave (<em>Agave sisalana</em> Perrine) </span><span lang="IN">is a plant that produce</span><span lang="IN">natural</span><span lang="IN">fibre. </span><span lang="IN">Agave </span><span lang="IN">cultivation for commercial use </span><span lang="IN">is </span><span lang="IN">still limited by the availability of good plant materials. <em>In vitro</em> culture technique can produce  </span><span lang="IN">a large amount of plant material with same quality in relatively short time. The </span><span lang="IN">study aimed </span><span lang="IN">to obtain a suitable medi</span><span>um</span><span lang="IN"> composition </span><span lang="IN">for <em>in vitro</em> </span><span lang="IN">shoot multiplication</span><span lang="IN"> and root induction for five agave genotypes.</span><span lang="IN"> The experiment </span><span lang="IN">was </span><span lang="IN">conducted from Jul</span><span lang="IN">y 2015</span><span lang="IN"> to Jun</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span lang="IN"> 2016 in Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute. Explant source </span><span lang="IN">derived</span><span lang="IN"> from </span><span lang="IN">aseptic shoot of agave genotypes</span><span>Balittas </span><span lang="IN">10, 12, 13, 14</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> and</span><span lang="IN">H-11648 in </span><em><span lang="IN">in </span><span lang="IN">vitro</span></em><span lang="IN"> ISFCRI germplasm collection. The experiment was arranged in factorial complete random design </span><span lang="IN">(</span><span lang="IN">two factors</span><span lang="IN">: media composition, genotype</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> and  </span><span lang="IN">three replication</span><span lang="IN">). Shoot induction media:</span><span lang="IN"> M1 (MS + BAP 0</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l + IBA 0</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l)</span><span>;</span><span lang="IN">and</span><span lang="IN"> M3 (MS + BAP 1</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l + IBA 0</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l)</span><span lang="IN">. Root induction media: </span><span lang="IN">M1 (MS + </span><span lang="IN">active carbon</span><span>(AC) </span><span lang="IN">2 g/l); M2 (MS + </span><span>AC</span><span lang="IN">2 g/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M3 (MS + </span><span>AC</span><span lang="IN"> 2 g/l + IBA 1 g/l); M4 (MS + </span><span>AC</span><span lang="IN"> 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l)</span><span>;</span><span lang="IN">and</span><span lang="IN"> M5 (MS + </span><span>AC</span><span lang="IN"> 2 g/l + NAA 1 mg/l)</span><span lang="IN">. The results showed that the shoot induction media compositions were not differ significantly on shoot numbers (1</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">09–1</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">33) and time for shoot induction (4 weeks). The best composition medi</span><span>um</span><span lang="IN"> of root induction was M4 (</span><span lang="IN">MS + </span><span>AC</span><span lang="IN"> 2 g/l + NAA 0</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">5 mg/l</span><span lang="IN">), that yielded 4</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">53 root numbers. Balittas 14 genotype yielded the highest shoot and root numbers (1,56 shoot numbers and 4</span><span>.</span><span lang="IN">59 root numbers).</span></p>