bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arctic Plant Responses to Climate Warming: It’s Not all about Nitrogen
Authors: Masud Sanna
Published: April 2021

Climate change is increasing air and soil temperatures in the Arctic, likely enhancing microbial activity. Consequently, increased decomposition rates of soil organic matter and increasing nutrient supply to tundra vegetation can be expected. The impacts of experimental warming and fertilization on growth have been investigated by studying the availability of macronutrients such as N, P and C. However, other  

macronutrients such as S, Ca, Mg, K, and micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn have received little research attention to determine their function, biogeochemical cycling, and effect on vegetation growth in response to warming. This study investigated the impact of experimental warming responses on availability and accumulation of the latter nutrients in the principal plant species located in mesic birch hummock tundra near Daring Lake, Northwest Territories in the Canadian Low Arctic Tundra. Plants were sampled in 2011 from the replicated summer greenhouse treatment that was established in 2004.

In response to warming, the principal evergreen shrub (Rhododendron) had the most enhanced growth, followed by the deciduous shrub (Birch). Since the total plant pools of these nutrients were also enhanced in the evergreen, my results strongly suggest that availability of these nutrients was not limiting growth. By contrast, the birch total plant nutrient pools were not enhanced and significant decreases in Mg, S, and K leaf concentrations were observed, suggesting that these elements may be limiting birch growth. Together, our results suggest that plant growth response to climate change in the low Arctic may depend on previously overlooked nutrient elements, and that deciduous shrub growth may be constrained relative to the evergreen response as the arctic climate warms.
GONZÁLEZ BUSTOS, María Ángeles: Mujer y desarrollo sostenible en el medio rural
Authors: Domínguez Álvarez José Luis
Published: April 2021

Recensión del libro de González Bustos, María Ángeles: Mujer y desarrollo sostenible en el medio rural, Atelier, 1.ª edición, 2020, 166 págs.
GARRIDO JUNCAL, Andrea, Los Servicios Sociales en el s. XXI. Nuevas tipologías y nuevas formas de prestación
Authors: Agra Costa Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Reseña del libro de Andrea Garrido Juncal, Los Servicios Sociales en el s. XXI. Nuevas tipologías y nuevas formas de prestación, Aranzadi, Pamplona, 2020, 320 pp. En este libro tras una detallada revisión de la evolución histórica de los servicios sociales y de un minucioso análisis del complejo marco legislativo de estos, consecuencia de nuestro Estado autonómico compuesto, se aborda la delimitación conceptual y la naturaleza jurídica de los antedichos servicios.
La regulación municipal de las viviendas de uso turístico: soluciones a través del urbanismo
Authors: Aguirre i Font Josep M.
Published: April 2021

El auge de las viviendas turísticas en España, a lo largo de la última década, ha puesto el fenómeno en el centro del debate público y ha llevado a muchos municipios a plantearse la necesidad de ordenarlos o limitarlos. Este artículo analiza, a través de la óptica de la jurisprudencia, las experiencias acumuladas de los últimos años mediante la legislación turística, las ordenanzas municipales y la planificación urbanística. El análisis de los diferentes instrumentos normativos, y singularmente los ejemplos de Barcelona y Bilbao, nos permite extraer algunas conclusiones útiles y al mismo tiempo proponer soluciones normativas óptimas para abordar este fenómeno, compatibilizando el derecho a la ciudad o a una vivienda digna y la libertad de prestación de servicios.
¿Un estatuto básico para los municipios pequeños?: Un comentario de urgencia
Authors: Carbonell Porras Eloisa
Published: April 2021

Desde el verano de 2020, han sido frecuentes las noticias relativas a la intención del Gobierno de adicionar un nuevo título a la legislación básica de régimen local, que estaría dedicado a los municipios pequeños. Este Estatuto Básico para los Municipios de Menor Población se ha vinculado además con el denominado reto demográfico. Se delimita así el objeto de este trabajo, centrado en el estudio del régimen actual de estos municipios, el carácter rural de muchos de ellos y reflexionar sobre el contenido que podría tener el Estatuto Básico y su relación con los problemas demográficos.
ZAFRA VÍCTOR, Manuel, La autonomía local en una Constitución reformada
Authors: García-Villanova Zurita Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Recensión del libro de Manuel ZAFRA VICTOR, La autonomía local en una Constitución reformada. Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales. Madrid, 2020.La autonomía local se ha visto convertida en una materia sometida a reparto competencial entre Estado y Comunidades Autónomas, apartándose por este motivo de su concepción original. En la medida en que las Comunidades Autónomas la han intentado interiorizar, ha sido el legislador estatal quien ha salido en su defensa. La salida a esta situación se basa en la propuesta de una regulación de detalle en una posible reforma constitucional, que delimite un núcleo de funciones claras sobre materias concretas que permitan un desarrollo real de la autonomía política de los gobiernos locales.
Book Review of Refugee Law’s Fact-Finding Crisis: Truth, Risk, and the Wrong Mistake by Hilary Evans Cameron
Authors: Anderson Melissa M.
Published: April 2021

n/a
Film Review of Sky and Ground by Tayla Tibbon & Joshua Bennett
Authors: Moayerian Neda , Stephenson Max
Published: April 2021

n/a
Weep for the Coming of Men: Epidemic and Disease in Anglo-Western Colonial Writing of the South Pacific
Authors: Spicer Chrystopher J.
Published: April 2021

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, epidemics ravaged South Pacific islands after contact with Westerners. With no existing immunity to introduced diseases, consequent death tolls on these remote islands were catastrophic. During that period, a succession of significant Anglo-Western writers visited the South Pacific region: Herman Melville, Robert Louis Stevenson, Louis Becke, Jack London, and Fredrick O’Brien. In a remarkable literary conjunction, they each successively visited the Marquesas Islands, which became for them a microcosm of the epidemiological disaster they were witnessing across the Pacific. Instead of the tropical Eden they expected, these writers experienced and wrote about a tainted paradise corrupted and fatally ravaged by contact with Western societies. Even though these writers were looking through the prism of Social Darwinism and extinction discourse, they were all nevertheless appalled at the situation, and their writing is witness to their anguish. Unlike the typical Victorian-era traveller described by Mary Louise Pratt as the “seeing-man”, who remained distanced in their writing from the environment around them, this group wrote with the authority of personal felt experience, bearing witness to the horrific impact of Western society on the physical and mental health of Pacific Island populations. The literary voice of this collection of writers continues to be not only a clear and powerful witness of the past, but also a warning to the present about the impact of ‘civilisation’ on Pacific Island peoples and cultures.
Tropicality and the Choc en Retour of Covid-19 and Climate Change
Authors: Clayton Daniel
Published: April 2021

This article reads ‘pandemic, plague, pestilence and the tropics’ through Covid-19, climate change and the discourse of tropicality.  It asks: What happens, as seems to be the case today, when the temperate/tropical oppositions around which tropicality revolves start to unravel because the aberrations and excesses (here of epidemic disease and extreme weather) hitherto deemed to belong to tropical areas, and as constitutive of their otherness, are found in temperate ones? This question is broached with a focus on the United Kingdom as one such ‘temperate’ place that currently finds itself in this situation (although the argument has broader resonance), and with Aimé Césaire’s ideas about the choc en retour (boomerang effect) of Western colonisation and la quotidienneté des barbaries (the daily barbarisms) by which this effect works. Evidence and feelers from science, theory, politics, and the media are used to consider how sensibilities of tropicality, and especially (as Césaire enquired) distinctions between the ‘normal’ and ‘pathological,’ and ‘immunity’ and ‘susceptibility,’ permeate the way Covid-19 and climate change are perceived and felt in the temperate world.
Diabetes Mellitus Blunts the Symptoms, Physical Function, and Health-Related Quality of Life Benefits of Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Data From More Than 17 000 Patients
Authors: Na Annalisa , Oppermann Laura M. , Jupiter Daniel C. , Lindsey Ronald W. , Coronado Rogelio A.
Published: April 2021

Objective

To compare physical function, pain, impairments (stiffness, range of motion, and strength), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes between patients with and without diabetes mellitus, before and after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design

Prognosis systematic review.

Literature Search

We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science to August 2019.

Study Selection Criteria

We included longitudinal studies that examined physical function, pain, impairments, and HRQoL outcomes among patients receiving a TKA and with or without diabetes.

Data Synthesis

For quantitative synthesis, we stratified outcomes based on time relative to TKA: preoperative, less than 1 year after a TKA (early postoperative), and 1 year or more after a TKA (late postoperative). We used random-effects meta-analysis to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system for qualitative synthesis.

Results

We included 21 studies (n = 17 472 patients). Patients with diabetes mellitus had worse preoperative physical function (SMD, −0.16; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.08) and HRQoL (SMD, −0.16; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.05), worse early postoperative pain (SMD, −0.22; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.05) and strength (SMD, −0.45; 95% CI: −0.77, −0.14), and worse late postoperative physical function (SMD, −0.23; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.06), range of motion (SMD, −0.23; 95% CI: −0.46, 0.00), and HRQoL (SMD, −0.19; 95% CI: −0.29, −0.08) than patients without diabetes mellitus. The overall risk of bias across studies was high, and the certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low.

Conclusion

Patients with diabetes mellitus had worse patient-reported and clinician-assessed outcomes before and after a TKA. Given the limitations of included studies, these results may change with future research. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(6):269–280. Epub 19 Apr 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9515
Neurochips: Considerations from a neurosurgeon’s standpoint
Authors: Rabadán Alejandra T.
Published: April 2021

A neurochip comprises a small device based on the brain-machine interfaces that emulate the functioning synapses. Its implant in the human body allows the interaction of the brain with a computer. Although the data-processing speed is still slower than that of the human brain, they are being developed. There is no ethical conflict as long as it is used for neural rehabilitation or to supply impaired or missing neurological functions. However, other applications emerge as controversial.

To the best of our knowledge, there have no been publications about the neurosurgical role in the application of this neurotechnological advance. Deliberation on neurochips is primarily limited to a small circle of scholars such as neurotechnological engineers, artists, philosophers, and bioethicists. Why do we address neurosurgeons? They will be directly involved as they could be required to perform invasive procedures.

Future neurosurgeons will have to be a different type of neurosurgeon. They will be part of interdisciplinary teams interacting with computer engineers, neurobiologist, and ethicists. Although a neurosurgeon is not expected to be an expert in all areas, they have to be familiar with them; they have to be prepared to determine indications, contraindications and risks of the procedures, participating in the decision-making processes, and even collaborating in the design of devices to preserve anatomic structures. Social, economic, and legal aspects are also inherent to the neurosurgical activity; therefore, these aspects should also be considered.
Co-existence of multiple sclerosis and germinoma in an adult male: Case report
Authors: Bian Jan , Westrup Alison , Sung Sarah , Anadani Nidhiben A. , Fung Kar-Ming , Conner Andrew K.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Concurrent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the central nervous system (CNS) germinoma is rare. The diagnostic criteria for MS rely primarily on clinical presentation, and CNS germinoma can present as an MS mimic. These factors contribute to the rarity of dual diagnosis.

Case Description:

A 28-year-old man presented initially with bilateral optic neuritis, manifesting as persistently worsening vision for 2 years, and demyelinating plaques identified within the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging. Initial work-up, in addition to clinical presentation, led to diagnosis of MS. Three months following the diagnosis of MS, the patient then presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to a newly diagnosed intraventricular mass. The patient underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy which confirmed diagnosis of CNS germinoma.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, dual presentation of both MS and CNS germinoma has never been reported in the literature. The clinical presentation of bilateral optic neuritis (persisting for roughly 2 years before initial MS diagnosis), demyelinating plaques, and intrathecal oligoclonal bands before the development of an intraventricular mass indicates that both MS and CNS germinoma presented simultaneously in this patient. The treatment plan for this patient included carboplatin + etoposide, followed by adjuvant radiation and subsequent IVIG therapy.
Profesjonalizacja polskiej służby cywilnej po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Bielecka Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

W artykule podjęto rozważania dotyczące europeizacji polskiej służby cywilnej po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej. Autorka stara się wykazać, że wraz z akcesją Polski w struktury europejskie służba cywilna przejęła wiele zasad i wartości z poziomu europejskiego. Wartości owe w postaci hard law, jak i soft law wdrożono do krajowego porządku prawnego.

Słowa kluczowe: służba cywilna, europeizacja, integracja europejska
Talha H. Fadaak, Ken Roberts, Młodzież w Arabii Saudyjskiej, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing House, Cham 2019, ISBN 978-3-030-04380-3, s. 203
Authors: Pietrasik Kamil
Published: April 2021

Artykuł to recenzja pozycji Talha H. Fadaak, Kena Roberts'a "Młodzież w Arabii Saudyjskiej".
Low Density Interior in Supercooled Aqueous Nanodroplets Expels Ions to the Subsurface
Authors: Malek Shahrazad Moh'd , Saika-Voivod Ivan , Consta Styliani
Published: April 2021

The interaction between water and ions within droplets plays a key role in the chemical reactivity of atmospheric and man-made aerosols. Here we report direct computational evidence that in supercooled aqueous nanodroplets

a lower density core of tetrahedrally coordinated water expels the Na+ ions to a denser and more disordered subsurface. In contrast, at room temperature, the radial distribution of a single Na+ ion in the droplet core

is nearly uniform. We analyze the spatial distribution of a single ion in terms of a new reference electrostatic model that we present here. The energy of the system in the analytical model is expressed as the sum of the electrostatic and surface energy of a deformable droplet. The model predicts that the ion is subject to a harmonic potential centered at the droplet's center of mass. We name this effect ``electrostatic confinement''.

The model's predictions are consistent with the simulation findings for a single Na+ ion at room temperature but not at supercooling. Because of the droplet's core organization at supercooling the distribution of multiple ions cannot be explained by the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

Our study provides insight into the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. We anticipate it to be the starting point for investigating the structure of supercooled electrosprayed droplets that are used to preserve the conformations of macromolecules originating from the bulk solution.
The Law of Attraction: Relating Computed Energetics of Physisorption with Performance of Graphene-Based Sensors for Nitroaromatic Contaminants
Authors: Piras Anna , Gryn'ova Ganna
Published: April 2021

The ability to detect persistent nitroaromatic contaminants, e.g. DNT and TNT, with high sensitivity and selectivity is central to environmental science and medicinal diagnostics. Graphene-based materials rise to this challenge, offering supreme performance, biocompatibility, and low toxicity at a reasonable cost. In the first step of the electrochemical sensing process, these substrates establish non-covalent interactions with the analytes, which we show to be indicative of their respective detection limits. Employing a combination of semiempirical tight binding quantum chemistry, meta- dynamics, density functional theory, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory in conjunction with curated data from experimental literature, we investigate the physisorption of DNT and TNT on a series of functionalised graphene derivatives. In agreement with experimental observations, systems with greater planarity and positively charged substrates afford stronger non-covalent interactions than their highly oxidised distorted counterparts. Despite the highly polar nature of the investigated species, their non-covalent interactions are largely driven by dispersion forces. To harness these design principles, we considered a series of boron and nitrogen (co)doped two-dimensional materials. One of these systems featuring a chain of B–N–C units was found to adsorb nitroaromatic molecules stronger than the pristine graphene itself. These findings form the basis for the design principles of sensing materials and illustrate the utility of relatively low cost in silico procedures for testing the viability of designed graphene-based sensors for a plethora of analytes.
Identification of the FDA-Approved Drug Pyrvinium as a Novel Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction
Authors: Fattakhova Elena , Hofer Jeremy , DiFlumeri Juliette , Cobb Madison , Dando Timothy , Romisher Zachary , Wellington Justin , Oravic Michael , Radnoff Madison , Patil Sachin
Published: April 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade involving inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has provided unprecedented clinical benefits in treating a variety of tumors. To date, a total of six antibodies that bind to either PD-1 or PD-L1 protein and in turn inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have received clinical approvals. Despite being highly effective, these expensive large biotherapeutics possess several inherent pharmacokinetic limitations that can be successfully overcome through the use of low-molecular-weight inhibitors. One such promising approach involves small-molecule induced dimerization and sequestration of PD-L1, leading to effective PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Herein, we present discovery of such potential bioactive PD-L1 dimerizers through a structure- and ligand-based screening of a focused library of approved and investigational drugs worldwide. The most promising compound Pyrvinium, an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug, showed IC50 value of ~29.66 µM. It is noteworthy that Pyrvinium, being an approved drug, may prove especially suitable as a good starting point for further medicinal chemistry efforts, leading to design and development of even more potent structural analogs as selective PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Furthermore, the adopted integrated virtual screening protocol may prove useful in screening other larger databases of lead- and drug-like molecules for hit identification in the domain of small-molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Magnetically Induced Ring-Current Strengths of Planar and Nonplanar Molecules: New Insights from the Pseudo-π Model
Authors: Orozco-Ic Mesías , Dimitrova Maria , barroso jorge , Sundholm Dage , Merino Gabriel
Published: April 2021

The π-contribution to the magnetically induced current densities, ring-current strengths, and induced magnetic fields of large planar molecules (as kekulene) and three-dimensional molecules (as [10]cyclophenacene and chiral toroidal nanotubes C2016 and C2196) have been computed using the pseudo-π model with the gauge-including magnetically induced currents method. The magnetic response analysis shows that π-electrons are the main actors of the electron delocalization in carbon systems regardless of their size, suggesting that the π- component of the ring-current strengths can be used for assessing the aromatic character of this kind of molecules. Computations using the pseudo-π model yield current densities and induced magnetic fields that are not contaminated by contributions from core and σ-electrons allowing investigations of large molecular structures as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cylindrical or toroidal carbon nanotubes.
Snapshots of Ce70 Toroid Assembly from Solids and Solution
Authors: Colliard Ian , Brown Jessica C. , Fast Dylan B. , Sockwell Ashleigh , Hixon Amy , Nyman May
Published: April 2021

Crystallization at the solid-liquid interface is difficult to spectroscopically observe and therefore challenging to understand and ultimately control at the molecular level. The Ce70-torroid formulated [CeIV70(OH)36(O)64(SO4)60(H2O)10] 4- , part of a larger emerging family of MIV70- materials (M=Zr, U, Ce), presents such an opportunity. We have elucidated assembly mechanisms by X-ray scattering (small-angle scattering and total scattering) of solutions and solids, as well as crystallizing and identifying fragments of Ce70 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Fragments show evidence for templated growth (Ce5, [Ce5(O)3(SO4)12] 10- ) and modular assembly from hexamer (Ce6) building units (Ce13, [Ce13(OH)6(O)12(SO4)14(Η2Ο)14] 6- and Ce62, [Ce62(OH)30(O)58(SO4)58] 14- ). Ce62, an almost complete ring, precipitates instantaneously in the presence of ammonium cations as two torqued arcs that interlock by hydrogen boding through NH4 +, which can also be replaced by other cations, demonstrated with CeIII. Room temperature rapid assembly of both Ce70 and Ce62, respectively, by addition of Li+ and NH4 +, along with ion?exchange and redox behavior, invite exploitation of this emerging material family in environmental and energy applications.
Effect of whole body vibration on bone nanocomposites organisation and prevention of loss of bone mineral density under conditions of modeling obesity and sedentary lifestyle: experimental study
Authors: Kostyshyn N.M. , Gzhegotskyi M.R. , Yarova O.A. , Kostyshyn L.P. , Kulyk Yu.O.
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the influence of high-frequency whole body vibration (WBV) on metabolic and structural responses of rats' bone tissue under the sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Obesity combined with a sedentary lifestyle can present the potential negative health effects. However, whole body vibration can be used as a means of non-pharmacological correction of bone mineral density. For characterization of bone nanocomposites organisation and prevention of mineral density loss, X-ray diffraction method was used. Markers of bone remodeling in the rats' blood: leptin, osteocalcin, tartarate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, alkaline phosphatase. Using a high-calorie diet and low-mobility model, we proved that bone mineral mass had been decreasing since 8th week. It should be noted that the decrease in the relative amount of crystalline phase (hydroxyapatite) continued throughout the experiment, up to 24 weeks (p<0.05). These structural changes were accompanied by changes in quantitative indicators of the bone remodeling markers. Rats had lower bone mineral density compared to the animals that were on the normal diet and were additionaly affected by WBV. We observed the increase of the crystalline phase volume fraction from 84% to 93% (p<0.05) in group with additional whole body vibration and the decrease of the mineral component in rats with limited mobility and high-calorie diet. Therefore, WBV could improve structural conditions of bone and prevent fat accumulation and obesity-associated biochemical markers in obese rats. This can be an effective method to improve the structural and functional state of the bones while preventing the loss of bone mineral density.
The Role of Higher Education as a Catalyst of Peacebuilding in Conflict Affected Regions: The Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after FATA Amalgamation
Authors: Shahab Shabnam , Ullah Samee
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The study critically reviews the educational structure, policies, emphasis, application of educational goals, achievements from rural to Higher education and protecting measures enabling the youth to get easy access to education. Since the creation of Pakistan emphasis laid down on the free and compulsory education for all but failed to address the nascent challenges surfaced in the form of violent extremism, sectarianism, intolerance, and lingual discrepancies. Although the literacy rate has been increased with the passage of time but the quality of education and practical application remains under darkness.

Methodology: To evaluate the educational targets and achievements of the elementary and secondary education in former FATA. Historical method of research was adopted and Education policies from the dawn of freedom 1947 to 2010 were studied. Moreover, The provincial initiative of Educational sector plan (ESP) and its practical outcomes were critically analyzed.

Findings: This research in its findings proposed that structure and curriculum of higher education be revisited and expanded promptly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) particularly within the newly merged areas for the restoration of social justice, cultural diversity, educational growth, state-building and peace building community.

Implications: The research addresses that after the amalgamation of Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa how these conflicts affected areas can be reconstructed or rebuild through higher education. The research has focused on the universal mechanism of peacebuilding education in post conflict areas keeping in view the three approaches namely, Stability, Restructuring and peacebuilding through higher education.
The Effect of Starfruit Juice to Reduce The Blood Pressure In Elderly Patients
Authors: Farida Endhar Arifathul , Budi Ilham Setyo , Jamaludin Jamaludin
Published: April 2021

Hypertension is classified as a disease that is often called the Silent Killer. Hypertension can attack various ages, including the elderly. Hypertension in the long term will cause various complications. In the Treatment of hypertension, many natural plants can be consumed, one of which is star fruit. Sweet starfruit juice is very useful for lowering blood pressure because of its fibre, potassium, phosphorus and vitamin C content.  This study was to determine the effect of starfruit juice on lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at the integrated service centre in the working area of Rejosari Dawe Kudus Public Health Center. This study used a Quasy experiment method with a pre-test-post-test research design with a control group. A sample of 20 people, divided into two groups, namely 10 people in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group.  The results of the independent t-test, the results of the posttest systolic blood pressure p-value = 0.004, while the diastolic blood pressure posttest p-value = 0.014, so it can be seen that the p-value <0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.  In this study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving star fruit juice on reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at the integrated service centre in the working area of the Rejosari Dawe Kudus Community Health Center.
Correlation Knowledge to Hypothermic Handling Practices in Students
Authors: Kustina Dewi Sinta Windya
Published: April 2021

Hypothermia is a decrease in core body temperature to <35˚C due to heat loss. Factors causing hypothermia are cold weather, exposure to cold winds at high altitudes, immersion in cold water, and prolonged exposure to cold. Hypothermia is more common in hikers or mapala because they do activities exploring the highlands. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of hypothermia and the practice of handling hypothermia in Mapala. This study used a correlation study method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were Mapala UNISSULA, UNNES, and USM with a total of 52 students. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, the number of samples of this study was 30 students. The results of the Spearman Rank statistical test obtained a value of ρ value of 0.738 (ρ ≥ 0.05), so it was stated that there was no relationship between knowledge of hypothermia and the practice of handling hypothermia in Nature Lovers Students. Recommendations from research so that mapala members increase their knowledge and practice in handling emergency hypothermia by conducting ongoing training.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Konsep Pra Aksara Melalui Strategi Digital Pre-Historic Assesment
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Endang Winih
Published: April 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul “Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VII.B Konsep Pra Aksara Melalui Strategi Digital Pre-Historic Assesment (Dipha)” ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi Dipha dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar konsep pra aksara serta untuk mengetahui seberapa besar ketercapaian peningkatan hasil belajar materi pra aksara pada peserta didik kelas VII. B SMP IT Ummu’l Quro Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas di kelas VII.B sebanyak 23 peserta didik selama dua siklus. Masingmasing siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, pembelajaran menggunakan strategi Dipha dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Keberhasilan tersebut ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan ketercapaian hasil belajar peserta didik meliputi meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar pada penilaian sikap sebesar 33%, penilaian pengetahuan sebesar sebesar 91%, dan keterampilan sebesar 74%, rata-rata tes meningkat dari 69 % menjadi 91%. Dari perolehan data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi Dipha dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII.B SMP IT Ummu’l Quro Depok pada konsep pra aksara.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kincir Angin Berbasis Stem Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mengomunikasikan Siswa Inklusi Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Astutik Ida Sri
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran kincir angina berbasis SEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic), meningkatkan keterampilan mengomunikasikan, dan mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media pembelajaran kincir angin berbasis STEM) dalam pembelajaran siswa berkebutuhan khusus atau inklusi kelas 4 sekolah dasar, karena mereka memiliki kekhasan yang berbeda dengan anak lainnya. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan sebuah lembaga pendidikan khusus agar kemampuan yang mereka miliki bisa terasah dengan maksimal. Sekolah Inklusi merupakan salah satu alternatif lembaga pendidikan formal yang menampung dan mengarahkan anak-anak ini untuk mengenal dan memahami tentang ilmu pengetahuan serta ketrampilan yang dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keterampilan mengomunikasikan pada siswa inklusi kelas 4 sekolah dasar belum bisa maksimal, hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh yaitu hanya 66,67. Pekerjaan rumah yang harus segera diselesaikan dan dicarikan solusinya. Selama ini  pendidik hanya menggunakan metode ceramah dan kurang melibatkan aktivitas siswa di dalam kelas sehingga siswa tidak tertarik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran kincir angin berbasis STEM terjadi peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam mengomunikasikan. Hasill menunjukkan nilai rata-rata meningkat sebesar 19,04 secara signifikan. Nilai rata-rata sebelumnya 66.67 menjadi 85,71. Selama proses pembelajaran disimpulkan bahwa menggunaan media pembelajaran kincir angin berbasis STEM dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mengomunikasikan pada siswa inklusi kelas 4 sekolah dasar.
Pengembangan Media Tak Tik Butarna Berbasis STEAM pada Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas 1 SD
Authors: Twiningsih Anik
Published: April 2021

Abstrak harus mencerminkan keseluruhan substansi isi artikel dan mampu membantu pembaca untuk menentukan relevansinya dengan minat serta memutuskan apakah akan membaca dokumen secara keseluruhan. Abstrak berisi pernyataan tentang latar belakang masalah, tujuan penelitian atau fokus masalah, metode atau tahapan penting penelitian, serta temuan dan simpulan utama. Abstrak disajikan dalam dua bahasa, yaitu bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris dengan panjang antara 150-200 kata. Abstrak ditulis dalam huruf miring, spasi 1, ukuran 10,5, dengan menggunakan Font Book Antiqua serta mencantumkan antara 3-5 kata kunci. Kata kunci berisi istilah penting dan substansi naskah. Kata kunci dapat diambil dari variabel penelitian. Kata kunci bukan berupa singkatan atau akronim kreasi penulis.
Servant Leadership Styles: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Hai Thanh Nguyen , Van Quang Nguyen
Published: April 2021

The main objective of the article is to examine the leadership style through a number of analyses, evaluations and researches from available sources, in order to discover suggested facts related to leadership activities through the prisms of servant leadership theory. So far, many leadership theories have been developed, proposing different leadership styles. One of the most discussed leadership styles is the servant leadership, which implies that a person must be human first, leader second. Every leader must whole heartedly serves an organization to which he/she belongs. This is both an honor and a great responsibility for the leader. The main methods used in the article are analysis, synthesis, evaluation based on literature review. The article aims to point out the outstanding strengths of the servant leadership style that a leader needs. The article focuses on specifying the strengths in servant leadership that leaders need in the current context of ever changing world, and hence, proposes guidelines for leaders to learn and practice so that they can better serve their public organizations. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01273 Full Text: PDF
Modern ideas about natural monopolies and their tariff regulation. Part 1. Natural monopolies
Authors: Сериков Павел Юрьевич , Гончарова Надежда Викторовна , Серикова Ирина Павловна
Published: April 2021

Определение естественных монополий, закрепленное в российском законодательстве, недостаточно корректно, что негативно сказывается на практике их государственного регулирования в нашей стране. В этой связи авторами рассмотрено становление отечественного института естественных монополий, исследована «эволюция» понятия «естественная монополия», проанализированы подходы российских и зарубежных экономистов к регулированию деятельности естественных монополий. Отмечено, что у отечественных исследователей отсутствует консолидированный взгляд на природу и процедуру идентификации естественных монополий, в то же время имеющиеся теоретические разработки в этой области недостаточно учитываются на практике. Констатируется, что дискуссия по вопросам регулирования естественных монополий продолжается. Необходимость заполнения пробелов в законодательстве очевидна, и в первую очередь это касается обоснования собственно понятия естественных монополий и процедуры их идентификации. По мнению авторов, предпочтительным с указанной целью является обновление Федерального закона «О естественных монополиях» № 147-ФЗ - его своего рода реновация, которая позволила бы наполнить закон содержанием, соответствующим современным реалиям, в том числе актуализировать определение естественных монополий как объектов регулирования, определить адекватные времени методические подходы к их регулированию и т. д.

The definition of natural monopolies, enshrined in Russian legislation, is not correct enough, which negatively affects the practice of their state regulation in our country. In this regard, the authors considered formation of national institute of natural monopolies, investigated the “evolution” of “natural monopoly” concept, analysed the approaches of Russian and foreign economists to regulate natural monopoly activities. It is stated that the discussion on the regulation of natural monopolies continues. The need to fill the gaps in legislation is obvious, and first of all it concerns the substantiation of the actual concept of natural monopolies and the procedure for their identification. According to the authors, it is preferable for this purpose to update the Federal Law “On Natural Monopolies” No. 147-FZ - a kind of renovation that would fill the law with content that meets modern realities, including updating the definition of natural monopolies as objects of regulation, determining adequate time methodical approaches to their regulation, etc.
Research of atmospheric corrosion activity on oil pumping stations with tank farms
Authors: Ревин Павел Олегович , Макаренко Алексей Витальевич , Губенков Андрей Алексеевич , Осина Ирина Олеговна
Published: April 2021

В настоящее время в отечественных национальных и международных стандартах отсутствуют данные по коррозионной активности атмосферы регионов, в которых расположены нефтеперекачивающие станции с резервуарными парками, эксплуатируемые российским оператором магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводов. В нормативных документах ПАО «Транснефть», регламентирующих требования к антикоррозионным покрытиям для наружной поверхности резервуаров, определены три категории коррозионной активности атмосферы по ISO 12944-2:2017. Данная классификация учитывает климатические условия регионов, но не учитывает скорость коррозии стали. В этой связи с целью определения скорости коррозии стальных конструкций в различных климатических районах, где расположены объекты организаций системы «Транснефть», была проведена серия испытаний. На 28 НПС в восьми климатических районах были установлены стенды с образцами из стали 09Г2С. Скорость коррозии металла образцов определяли гравиметрическим методом после выдержки в течение шести месяцев, одного года, двух, трех, четырех и пяти лет. Установлено, что скорость коррозии металлических образцов составила от 55 до 236 г/(м∙год), что соответствует категории коррозионной активности атмосферы С2 и С3 по ISO 12944-2:2017 и ГОСТ 34667.2-2020. Наибольшая скорость коррозии - от 177 до 236 г/(м∙год) - наблюдалась в районах расположения НПС в непосредственной близости от моря (до 1,5 км от береговой линии).

Currently, there is no data included in the state and international standards on the corrosion activity of the atmosphere in the regions in which oil pumping stations with tank farms are situated, which are operated by Russian main oil and oil products pipeline operators. In the regulatory documents of Transneft PJSC, which specify the requirement for anticorrosion coatings for the outer surfaces of tanks, three categories of atmospheric corrosion activity are defined as per ISO 12944-2:2017. This classification takes into account the climatic conditions of the regions, but not the steel corrosion rate. In this regard, in order to determine the corrosion rate of steel structure in various climatic regions, where Transneft facilities are situated, a series of tests was performed. The test bench with 09G2S steel samples was installed on 28 oil pumping stations in eight climatic regions. The corrosion rate of the metal samples was determined by the gravimetric method after tempering within the period of six months, one year, two, three, four and five years. It has been established that the corrosion rate of the metal samples amounted from 55 to 236 g/(m·per year), which corresponds to the atmospheric corrosion activity category C2 and C3 as per ISO 12944-2:2017 and GOST 34667.2-2020. The highest corrosion rate, from 177 to 236 g/(m·per year) - was observed in the OPS location regions with close proximity to sea (1,5 km to shore line).
Speed Control of DC Motor under Reverse Torque Disturbance with Ant Colony Optimized PID Controller
Authors: KASIM Ömer
Published: April 2021

Direct Current (DC) motors are widely used in industrial systems due to their high torque. In ensuring the stability and productivity of a system, it is important that the DC motor within the automation system reaches the reference speed value quickly and its speed remains constant under load. In this study, it is aimed to keep the speed value of DC motor constant under load by optimizing the gain parameters of the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller, which is widely used in industrial applications. In the optimization of these parameters, the Ziegler Nichols method (ZNM) and the Ant Colony Optimization method (ACO) were examined comparatively in the simulation environment. PID parameters were determined by open loop responses under the running system with the ZNM. On the other hand, the most optimum solution was obtained among many parameters with the ACO method. Speed control of DC motor was performed with PID controller parameters which are determined according to the best ACO response. Simulation results are presented in comparison with the parameters of settling time, peak time, rising time and response of the system under load. As a result, PID controller run with Kp, Ki, and Kd parameters obtained by ACO algorithm generally gave better results than ZNM.
EFFECT OF REPLACING SHARP SAND WITH STONE DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
Authors: Ubi Stanley Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Concrete is very variable material, having a wide range of strengths and stress-strain curve. Concrete composite material whose basic properties   are   related to the characteristic of constituent element, especially the aggregate. This research aimed to investigate the effect of replacing sharp sand with stone dust as an alternative to only river sand. Sieve analysis was carried out on the aggregate to determine the size of particle distribution. Slump test was carried out to compare the batches of concrete for the grade, water content between batches of concrete and amount of aggregate. Compressive strength test was carried out on concrete cubes made from sharp sand and   concrete   cubes   made   from replacement of sharp sand with stone dust also concrete made from ordinary stone dust at constant of free water/cement ratio 0.5. To check the properties of concrete produced with different materials, the tests were done for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The result obtained indicated that the strength of using sharp sand with stone dust in concrete production was higher than the strength of stone dust in concrete also higher than the strength of using sharp sand in concrete.
Taguchi Metodu ve Gri İlişkisel Analizi Kullanılarak 1,2316 Paslanmaz Çeliğin (R65) Mikro-Elektro Erozyon Delme Kabiliyetinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKINCIOĞLU Sıtkı
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada kalıp çeliği olarak kullanılan R65 paslanmaz çeliğin Mikro-Elektro Erozyon İşleme (Mikro-EDM) ile delinmesi incelenmiştir. Mikro-EDM işleminde Akım A (3, 4 ve 5 A), darbe süresi (Ton) (3, 4, ve 5 µs) ve Bekleme süresi (Toff) (2, 3, ve 4 µs) faktörlerinin delaminasyon faktörü (FdT ve FdB) ve Kerf açısına (Kº) etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deney düzeni Taguchi metodu L9 ortogonal dizilime göre yapılmıştır. Mikro-EDM işleminde sonuçlara çoklu faktörler etki ettiği için Gri İlişki Analizi (GRA) çoklu karakterizasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. En etkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi için ANOVA analiz yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre en düşük kerf açısı, FdT ve FdB değerleri sırasıyla 0,267 (Kº) 24,259 µs ve 59,534 µs olarak tespit edilmiştir. Taguchi metoduyla tahmin edilen değerlerin %95 güven aralığında (CI) içinde olduğu görüldü. ANOVA analizine göre sonuçlara etki eden en önemli faktör %99,1 katkı oranı ile Akım olarak belirlenmiştir.
Overview of Polio Outbreak Response in Kenya, 2013 to 2015
Authors: Nwogu Chidiadi , Musyoka Johnny , Gathenji Carolyne , Nzunza Rosemary , Onuekwusi Iheoma , Okeibunor Joseph , Mkanda Pascal , Shukla Hemant , Humayun Kabir Shaikh , O Okiror Sam
Published: April 2021

Background: Globally, tremendous improvement has been made in Polio eradication since its inception in 1988. For the third time in a decade, Kenya has experienced a Polio outbreak along the border with Somalia. The affected areas were in Garissa County, replete with previous occurrences in 2006 and 2012. This article, give an account of series of events and activities that were used to stop the transmission within 13 weeks, an interval between the first and the last case of the 2013 outbreak. Methods: In an attempt to stop further transmission and time bound closure of the outbreak, many activities were brought to fore: the known traditional methods, innovative approaches, improved finances and surge capacity. These assisted in case detection, implementation, and coordination of activities. The external outbreak assessments and the six-monthly technical advisory group recommendations were also employed. Result: There were increased case detections of >=2/100,000, stool adequacy >=80%, due to enhanced surveillance, timely feedbacks from laboratory investigation and diagnosis. Sustained coverage in supplemental immunisation of > 90%, ensured that immune profile of >=3 polio vaccine doses was quickly attained to protect the targeted population, prevent further polio infection and eventual reduction of cases coming up with paralysis. Conclusion: Overall, the outbreak was stopped within the 120 days of the first case using 14 rounds of supplemental immunisation activities.
Simulation Exercises To Strengthen Polio Outbreak Preparedness in The Horn of Africa: Experiences and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Okiror Samuel , Nwogu Chidiadi , Igweonu Obianuju , Hydarov Rustam , Karim Djiboui , Imambakiev Farkhard , Ogange John , Kisakye Annet , Okeibunor Joseph , Shukla Hemant
Published: April 2021

Background: Poliovirus importations and related outbreaks occurred in the Horn of Africa (HoA) following an initial outbreak, which started in Somalia, spread into Kenya within ten days and later into Ethiopia and gradually to other countries in the region. National preparedness plans for responding to poliovirus introduction were insufficient in many countries of the Region. We describe a series of polio outbreak simulation exercises that were implemented to formally test polio outbreak preparedness plans in the HoA countries, as a step to interrupting further transmission. Methods: The Polio Outbreak Simulation Exercises (POSEs) were designed and implemented. The results were evaluated and recommendations made. The roles of outbreak simulation exercises in maintaining regional polio-free status were assessed. In addition, we performed a comprehensive review of the national plans of all for seven countries in the HoA Region. Results: Seven simulation exercises, delivered between 2016 and 2017 revealed that participating countries were generally prepared for poliovirus introduction, but the level of preparedness needed improvement. The areas in particular need of strengthening were national preparedness plans, initial response, plans for securing vaccine supply, and communications. Conclusions: Polio outbreak simulation exercises can be valuable tools to help maintain polio-free status and should be extended to other high-risk countries and subnational areas in the HoA Region and elsewhere. There is also need to standardize the process and methods for conducting POSE for comparability.