bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Competition Law to Platform Regulation – Regulatory Choices for the Digital Markets Act
Authors: Podszun Rupprecht
Published: August 2023

The digital landscape is characterized by the concentration of power in the hands of a few “gatekeepers.” Europe’s legal answer, the Digital Markets Act (DMA), constitutes a new legal approach. It aims at restricting this power and ensuring “fairness and contestability.” Traditionally, the tools of competition law were used to set the basic rules of how to operate in markets. The shift to a different technique, regulatory law, prompts three questions: First, why is it necessary to deviate from the path set in competition law? Second, what are the differences between the competition law approach and the regulatory approach of the DMA? Third, what are key decisions to be taken within the new regulatory framework? At the outset, the DMA is presented.
A landslide susceptibility assessment method based on auto-encoder improved deep belief network
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Pu Hongyu , Yan Haowen , He Yi , Yao Sheng , Zhang Yali , Ran Ling , Chen Yi
Published: August 2023

The landslide susceptibility assessment is an essential part of landslide disaster risk identification and prevention. However, the binarization of the hidden layer limits the parameterization ability of the conditional probability of visible layer, making the training process of restricted Boltzmann machine more difficult and further limiting the accuracy and efficiency of deep belief network (DBN) model in landslide susceptibility assessment. Therefore, this study proposed a landslide susceptibility assessment method based on Auto-Encoder (AE)-modified DBN. Zhouqu County, Gansu Province in the People’s Republic of China, was selected as the study area. Historical landslides in Zhouqu County were identified using small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology and optical image. Landslide factors were screened based on a geographical detector and stepwise regression method. The Logcosh loss function and determinant coefficient R
2 index were used to evaluate the training process of the AE model, and the balanced cross entropy loss function was used to evaluate the entire network training process. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of the synthetical index model (SIM), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were compared and evaluated. The results indicated that the proposed model could significantly improve the accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment. The AUC value of the proposed model was 0.31, 0.12, and 0.11 higher than that of SIM, SVM, and MLP, respectively. Therefore, the improved DBN model based on AE proposed is reliable for early landslide identification and prediction.
Corona and the Cross: Religious Affiliation, Church Bans, and Covid Infections
Authors: Strulik Holger , Yakubenko Slava
Published: August 2023

We examine the effectiveness of church service bans in containing the spread of Covid-19 in Germany. We furthermore investigate how differences in the local religious affiliations affect infections and the effectiveness of church bans and other church-related restrictions. We find that, without a ban, infections per capita are higher in districts (Landkreise) with larger shares of religious population. In panel analysis, controlling for district fixed effects and a host of potential confounders, we find that church bans effectively reduce infections. For a ban in place for 14 days before a considered day, the predicted growth factor of infections is lower by 0.9 of its standard deviation. Finally, we show that Easter contributed significantly to the growth of infections in 2020 and 2021. The growth factor of infections was lower in regions with larger shares of Catholics and Protestants during Easter 2020 (when a church ban was in place) but not in 2021 (without a ban).
Sub-disciplinary variation of metadiscursive verb patterns in English research articles: a functional analysis of medical discourse
Authors: Chen Songyun , Xu Jiajin , Feng Xin
Published: August 2023

As a cover term for the negotiation of propositional information and reader engagement, metadiscourse has gained considerable attention from scholars of academic discourse. Recent studies have extended to previously unexplored structures that realize metadiscourse, such as ‘metadiscursive nouns’ (Jiang and Hyland 2018. Nouns and academic interactions: A neglected feature of metadiscourse. Applied Linguistics 39. 508–531). Among various linguistic resources, verbs are often regarded as a linguistic element undertaking multiple discourse acts and functions in different contexts, with some acts and functions being metadiscursive. Based on previous studies on reporting verbs and functional sentence stems, this study proposes the concept of metadiscursive verb patterns (MVPs) and examines this linguistic resource in a self-built MedDEAP corpus of five million words, a clinical medicine English research article corpus consisting of 18 sub-disciplines. We conducted an intradisciplinary investigation into MVPs to analyze their structural and functional variations across the sub-disciplines of medical academic English. The findings revealed that most MVPs exhibit a preference for some sub-disciplines, and a few sub-disciplines reflect certain characteristic genre features in the use of certain MVPs. It is shown that medical academic discourse is characterized by methodological and conceptual cross-fertilization. Hence, variation in MVPs is a natural linguistic representation of interdisciplinary synergy. Based on our findings, we conclude by addressing the pedagogical implications for proper use of MVPs in academic writing.
Glucose levels are not the same for everyone: a real-world big data study evaluating fasting serum glucose levels by sex and age among children
Authors: Avnon Ziv Carmit , Banon Tamar , Ben Tov Amir , Chodick Gabriel , Gabay Linoy , Auerbach Adi , Hirsch Harry J. , Levy Khademi Floris
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Understanding the normal range of laboratory values as pertained to different age groups and males or females is paramount in health care delivery. We aimed to assess the distribution of morning fasting serum glucose levels by age and sex in the general population of children using a large-scale population-based cohort.

Methods

A retrospective study with real-world de-identified data from a large, state mandated health fund in Israel among children aged 2–18 years old between 2006 and 2019. Age, sex, and BMI differences in mean glucose levels were evaluated.

Results

Study included 130,170 venous blood samples from 117,411 children, 53.3 % were female. After adjusting for age boys had higher fasting serum glucose levels than girls, with a mean of 89.21 ± 8.66 mg/dL vs. 87.59 ± 8.35 (p<0.001) [4.95 ± 0.48 mmol/L vs. 4.86 ± 0.46]. Compared to the 15 to 18 year-olds (88.49 ± 7.63 mg/dL) [4.92 ± 0.42 mmol/L], 2 to 5 year-olds had lower glucose levels (84.19 ± 10.65, [4.68 ± 0.59] (p<0.001)), 11 to 14 year-olds had higher glucose (90.40 ± 7.42 [5.02 ± 0.41], (p<0.001)) and 6 to 10 year-olds showed no difference (88.45 ± 8.25) [4.91 ± 0.46]. 33.0 % (n=42,991) had a BMI percentile record the same year as their glucose test result. There was a weak yet significant positive association between blood glucose levels and BMI.

Conclusions

Our large cohort indicates that boys have slightly higher fasting serum glucose levels than girls, as do adolescents compared to younger children. This finding is important for the delivery of adequate health care, screening for illness and avoiding unnecessary investigations and tests.
Modular Direct Laser Writing setup for high precision nanostructuring
Authors: Häcker Annika-Verena , Stauffenberg Jaqueline , Leineweber Johannes , Ortlepp Ingo , Hoffmann Maximilian , Manske Eberhard
Published: August 2023

The increasing demand for micro- and nanofabrication and in parallel the increasing requirements on feature size and resolution is leading to an enormous growth in the field of multi-photon three-dimensional fabrication. To enable new and diverse investigations in this field and to enable high precision for nanofabrication on large areas, a high precision positioning system is combined with an ultra-short pulse laser system. The aim is a modular setup with constant adherence to the Abbe-comparator principle in order to achieve systematic improvements in the area of Direct Laser Writing. For a high-quality identification of the microstructures a measurement tool based on atomic force microscopy is used. To enable the fabrication of continuous micro- and nanostructures on large area, an extremely high positioning precision is used, where no further stitching methods are necessary. Therefore as base of the Direct Laser Writing system the nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine (NMM-1) is used, which was developed at Technische Universität Ilmenau together with SIOS Meßtechnik GmbH, with a positioning volume of 25 mm × 25 mm × 5 mm and a positioning resolution in the sub-nanometer range. First investigations already confirmed that microfabrication with a Femtosecond Laser and the NMM-1 could be realized and showed the possibility of further developments in the field of Direct Laser Writing. Now the modular structure as a research platform is designed in such a way that the various extensions and measurement setups for large-scale investigations can always be implemented in a metrologically traceable manner. The presented work shows the development of a modular functional setup of an exposure system and NMM-1, which enables micro- and nanofabrication and an improvement in the structure size over large areas.
Laststeuerungsprogramme am Beispiel der Maschinenbelegungsplanung
Authors: Füchtenhans Marc , Glock Christoph H.
Published: August 2023

Angesichts des hohen Energiebedarfs in der verarbeitenden Industrie und der Notwendigkeit, erneuerbare Energiequellen trotz ihrer natürlichen Schwankungen weiter auszubauen, wird es immer wichtiger, Energienachfrage und Energieverfügbarkeit aufeinander abzustimmen. Mithilfe von Laststeuerungsprogrammen können Netzbetreiber Anreize für Verbraucher schaffen, den Energiebedarf in kritischen Situationen so anzupassen, dass die Netzstabilität nicht gefährdet wird. Auf der Verbraucherseite können mathematische Planungsmodelle genutzt werden, um Potenziale zur Flexibilisierung des Energieverbrauchs zu identifizieren und nachhaltige Produktionsprozesse zu schaffen. Dabei zeigt eine durchgeführte Studie, dass Laststeuerungsprogramme durchaus wirksam eingesetzt werden können, jedoch mit Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Performance von Produktionsprozessen.
Kornfeinung mittels Flachbackenwalzen
Authors: Peter Roe Christopher , Viertel Lars , Kriwall Mareile , Hedicke-Claus Yorck , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno
Published: August 2023

Durch die Erzeugung ultrafeinkörniger Gefüge können die Materialeigenschaften eines Werkstoffs verbessert werden. Ultrafeinkörniges Gefüge besitzt eine hohe Festigkeit bei gleichzeitig hoher Duktilität. In dieser Arbeit wird beschrieben, wie mithilfe eines Walzprozesses Einfluss auf das Gefüge eines Werkstoffs genommen werden soll. Der Prozess wird simulativ untersucht und Prozessfenster mithilfe der statistischen Versuchsplanung für die praktische Erprobung bestimmt.
Wirkleistungsbasierte Bohrprozessüberwachung
Authors: Esch Philipp , Begemann Eva
Published: August 2023

In der Luftfahrt kommen hochfeste Schichtverbundwerkstoffe zum Einsatz, welche zumeist im Nietverfahren gefügt werden. Dies erfordert eine vorausgehende Bohrbearbeitung des Werkstoffverbunds. Da die beiden Einzelwerkstoffe meist gegensätzliche Bohrparameter erfordern (z. B. Titan und CFK) kommen derzeit Kompromissparameter zum Einsatz. Die Fertigungsqualität ist dadurch beschränkt und der Werkzeugverschleiß hoch. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine wirkleistungsbasierte Bohrprozesssteuerung vor, welche die materialspezifische Umschaltung der Prozessparameter ermöglicht. Die Detektionslogik basiert auf dem dynamischen Anteil der Spindelwirkleistung und erweist sich in mehreren Bohrserien als präzise und robust. Zudem ist eine erhöhte Fertigungsqualität zu verzeichnen.
Untersuchung thermo-elastischer Maschineneinflüsse
Authors: Plum Franziska , Brecher Christian , Neus Stephan
Published: August 2023

Die Anforderungen an die Fertigungsqualität steigen in der Produktion stetig. Um diesen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden, müssen Fertigungsfehler, die zumeist thermo-elastische Fehler sind, vermieden werden. Interne und externe Wärmequellen und -senken, wie z. B. das maschineninterne Kühlsystem und das Hallenklima, beeinflussen das thermoelastische Maschinenverhalten. Der Einfluss dieser beiden Faktoren wird in dieser Arbeit an einer Werkzeugmaschine zur Erweiterung eines Korrekturmodells untersucht.
Kostenreduktion in der Prototypenfertigung
Authors: Holzer Katja , Schaal-Mulacek Henrik , Marker Edgar , Volk Wolfram
Published: August 2023

Am Beispiel von Tiefziehwerkzeugen aus Hochleistungsbeton (engl. Ultra-High Performance Concrete, UHPC) und additiv aufgebautem Polylactide (PLA) wird die Wirtschaftlichkeit von alternativen Fertigungsmethoden für die Prototypenfertigung aus Anwendersicht untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass gerade bei geringen Losgrößen die Analyse der Kosten und Identifizierung von Kostentreibern essentiell ist. Dieser Beitrag soll dabei helfen zu entscheiden, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen der Einsatz von alternativen Werkzeugwerkstoffen ökonomisch sinnvoll ist.
Automatisierte Erfassung des Freiflächenverschleißes
Authors: Nebeling Paul Helmut , Burghardt Max
Published: August 2023

Verschleiß an Zerspanwerkzeugen mit geometrisch definierter Schneide führt zu schlechter Oberflächenqualität, erhöhten Kräften, Maßabweichungen und Bruch. Bisher wird dieser Verschleiß außerhalb der Maschine oder indirekt (z. B. Durchmesser) erfasst. Der Tausch der Werkzeuge findet nach einer bestimmten Werkstückzahl, Zeit, oder einem Standweg statt. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiges System zur direkten Ermittlung des Freiflächenverschleißes im Arbeitsraum eines Bearbeitungszentrums dargestellt. Dabei wird eine geschützt integrierte Industriekamera mit Objektiv im Arbeitsraum installiert. Die Maschinenachsen bzw. die Bearbeitungsspindel positionieren das Werkzeug davor. Nach einer nur wenige Sekunden dauernden Messung findet die Auswertung des Verschleißes hauptzeitparallel statt.
Fertigungsverfahren PBF-LB/M
Authors: Deckers Tobias , Ammann Thomas , Forêt Pierre , Dubiez-Le-Goff Sophie , Witt Gerd
Published: August 2023

Neuste Studien belegen, dass innerhalb der additiven Fertigungsverfahren, speziell dem pulverbettbasierten Laserstrahlschmelzen (PBF-LB/M) Argon-Helium-Gemische, wie z. B. ADDvance® Laser 230, Vorteile gegenüber Argon oder Stickstoff aufweisen. Diese liegen u. a. in einer Reduktion der Anzahl und der Temperatur von Spritzerpartikeln begründet. Eine Verringerung beider Größen resultiert in einer gesteigerten Prozessstabilität und Bauteilqualität. Die positiven Einflüsse dieses Gemisches werden vorliegend anhand eines komplexen, großflächigen Bauteils aufgezeigt. Anschließend werden die Bauteile, der Prozess und das Pulver aus unterschiedlichen Prozessatmosphären miteinander verglichen. So sind neben einer verbesserten Bauteilqualität eine erhebliche Verringerung der Filterbelegung und Pulververluste feststellbar.
Feeding the Roman Army in Britain
Authors: Guest Peter , Ma Hongjiao , Mion Leïa , Lamb Angela L. , Madgwick Richard
Published: August 2023

How did the Roman Empire supply and maintain its frontier garrisons? What was the impact on populations and landscapes of conquered territories? TheFeeding the Roman Army in Britainproject will answer these questions by establishing how soldiers were provisioned and how frontiers operated as economic as well as militarised zones.
Dense pasts: settlement archaeology after Fox's The archaeology of the Cambridge region (1923)
Authors: Evans Christopher , Aldred Oscar , Cooper Anwen
Published: August 2023

Cyril Fox's publication The archaeology of the Cambridge region (1923) is celebrated as a milestone in the development of landscape archaeology. Its centenary invites reflection on Fox's approach to landscape and on the development of knowledge about the archaeology of the Cambridge region over the intervening years. Here, the authors compare the evidence available to Fox with the results of three decades of development-led archaeology. The latter have revealed very high numbers of sites, with dense ‘packing’ of settlements in all areas of the landscape; the transformation in knowledge of clayland areas is particularly striking. These high-density pasts have far-reaching implications for the understanding of later prehistoric and Roman-period land-use and social relations.
Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Extruded Joints of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Varshith Shankar Emani , Veeresh Kumar G. B.
Published: August 2023

The welding of steel and aluminum is difficult to join because of their differences in solid solubility, melting points, and formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which may weaken the welded joints. Friction stir welding (FSW) has more feasibility for joining aluminum and mild steel (MS), but IMCs may form, affecting the joint properties. Friction stir extrusion (FSE) is a new derivative technique of FSW that reduces the tool wear and eliminates the formation of IMCs by forming mechanical interlocking joints at the interface. This present study applies the FSE process to join two dissimilar metals: Al6082 alloy and AISI 1020 MS. The FSE process is optimized by adjusting axial force, tool rotation rate, and traverse rate parameters. The mechanism of groove filling was observed and compared (at optimum parameters) with two different profile tools: one is a plain tapered tool and another is a tapered threaded tool; both were made of high-speed steel. The aluminum-MS joints were subjected to shear strength by conducting tension-shear tests using a dynamic servo-controlled fatigue testing machine, as per ASTM E466, Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials. The hardness at the joint is evaluated by conducting Rockwell hardness tests, as per ASTM E18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials. The microstructural characterization is done using optical electron microscope (OEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained results concluded that 30 mm/min is the optimum traverse rate for complete filling of the groove at 14.7-kN axial force and a tool rotation rate of 1,000 rpm. Furthermore, the discussions were made using hardness tests, OEM, SEM, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis.
Dissociable Cognitive Systems for Recognizing Places and Navigating through Them: Developmental and Neuropsychological Evidence
Authors: Kamps Frederik S. , Rennert Rebecca J. , Radwan Samaher F. , Wahab Stephanie , Pincus Jordan E. , Dilks Daniel D.
Published: August 2023

Recent neural evidence suggests that the human brain contains dissociable systems for “scene categorization” (i.e., recognizing a place as a particular kind of place, for example, a kitchen), including the parahippocampal place area, and “visually guided navigation” (e.g., finding our way through a kitchen, not running into the kitchen walls or banging into the kitchen table), including the occipital place area. However, converging behavioral data — for instance, whether scene categorization and visually guided navigation abilities develop along different timelines and whether there is differential breakdown under neurologic deficit — would provide even stronger support for this two-scene-systems hypothesis. Thus, here we tested scene categorization and visually guided navigation abilities in 131 typically developing children between 4 and 9 years of age, as well as 46 adults with Williams syndrome, a developmental disorder with known impairment on “action” tasks, yet relative sparing on “perception” tasks, in object processing. We found that (1) visually guided navigation is later to develop than scene categorization, and (2) Williams syndrome adults are impaired in visually guided navigation, but not scene categorization, relative to mental age-matched children. Together, these findings provide the first developmental and neuropsychological evidence for dissociable cognitive systems for recognizing places and navigating through them.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTwo decades ago, Milner and Goodale showed us that identifying objects and manipulating them involve distinct cognitive and neural systems. Recent neural evidence suggests that the same may be true of our interactions with our environment: identifying places and navigating through them are dissociable systems. Here we provide converging behavioral evidence supporting this two-scene-systems hypothesis — finding both differential development and breakdown of “scene categorization” and “visually guided navigation.” This finding suggests that the division of labor between perception and action systems is a general organizing principle for the visual system, not just a principle of the object processing system in particular.
ETLİK PİLİÇ GÖĞÜS ETİNİN MARİNE EDİLMESİNDE BAZI ANTİOKSİDAN İÇEREN MARİNATLARIN KULLANIMI
Authors: BIÇAKCI Gülsüme , TÜRKER Damla Nur , ERTAŞ Elif
Published: August 2023

Meyve-sebzelerde bulunan antioksidanlar, hastalık riskini azaltma ve lipid oksidasyonunu azaltarak gıda ürünlerinin raf ömrünü artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu amaçla nar ekşisi, şalgam suyu, karadut suyu, elma özü, karadut özü marinat olarak kullanılarak etlik piliç göğüs etlerinin kalite ve biyoaktif özellikleri üzerine etkisi vakum ambalajlı donmuş depolama sırasında incelenmiştir. Marinasyon işlemi sonrası örnekler 175°C’de 15 dakika pişirilmiştir. Tüm işlemlerin sonunda marinatlarla muamelenin toplam fenolik madde içeriği, antioksidan aktivite değeri kontrol grubuna kıyasla yüksek bulunmuştur. Marinat absorbsiyonu en yüksek karadut suyu, pişirme kaybı ve çözünme kaybı en yüksek şalgam suyu ile gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak kullanılan marinatlar tavuk göğüs etinin fenolik madde içeriğini ve antioksidan aktivite kapasitesini arttırmış ve pişirme sonrasında tavuk göğüs etlerine parlaklık kazandırmış ve ürün çeşitliliği sağlamıştır.
MARCH5‐dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination is required for mitochondrial NLRP3‐NEK7 complex formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Park Yeon‐Ji , Dodantenna Niranjan , Kim Yonghyeon , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Lee Ho‐Soo , Yoo Young‐Suk , Heo June , Lee Jae‐Ho , Kwon Myung‐Hee , Kang Ho Chul , Lee Jong‐Soo , Cho Hyeseong
Published: August 2023

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in responding to pathogens, and endogenous damage and mitochondria are intensively involved in inflammasome activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome forms multiprotein complexes and its sequential assembly is important for its activation. Here, we show that NLRP3 is ubiquitinated by the mitochondria‐associated E3 ligase, MARCH5. Myeloid cell‐specific March5 conditional knockout (March5 cKO) mice failed to secrete IL‐1β and IL‐18 and exhibited an attenuated mortality rate upon LPS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge. Macrophages derived from March5 cKO mice also did not produce IL‐1β and IL‐18 after microbial infection. Mechanistically, MARCH5 interacts with the NACHT domain of NLRP3 and promotes K27‐linked polyubiquitination on K324 and K430 residues of NLRP3. Ubiquitination‐defective NLRP3 mutants on K324 and K430 residues are not able to bind to NEK7, nor form NLRP3 oligomers leading to abortive ASC speck formation and diminished IL‐1β production. Thus, MARCH5‐dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination on the mitochondria is required for NLRP3‐NEK7 complex formation and NLRP3 oligomerization. We propose that the E3 ligase MARCH5 is a regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on the mitochondria.
PTEN deficiency exposes a requirement for an ARF GTPase module for integrin‐dependent invasion in ovarian cancer
Authors: Nikolatou Konstantina , Sandilands Emma , Román‐Fernández Alvaro , Cumming Erin M , Freckmann Eva , Lilla Sergio , Buetow Lori , McGarry Lynn , Neilson Matthew , Shaw Robin , Strachan David , Miller Crispin , Huang Danny T , McNeish Iain A , Norman James C , Zanivan Sara , Bryant David M
Published: August 2023

Dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is a common occurrence in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), with the loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN in HGSOC being associated with poor prognosis. The cellular mechanisms of how PTEN loss contributes to HGSOC are largely unknown. We here utilise time‐lapse imaging of HGSOC spheroids coupled to a machine learning approach to classify the phenotype of PTEN loss. PTEN deficiency induces PI(3,4,5)P3‐rich and ‐dependent membrane protrusions into the extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in a collective invasion phenotype. We identify the small GTPase ARF6 as a crucial vulnerability of HGSOC cells upon PTEN loss. Through a functional proteomic CRISPR screen of ARF6 interactors, we identify the ARF GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) AGAP1 and the ECM receptor β1‐integrin (ITGB1) as key ARF6 interactors in HGSOC regulating PTEN loss‐associated invasion. ARF6 functions to promote invasion by controlling the recycling of internalised, active β1‐integrin to maintain invasive activity into the ECM. The expression of the CYTH2‐ARF6‐AGAP1 complex in HGSOC patients is inversely associated with outcome, allowing the identification of patient groups with improved versus poor outcome. ARF6 may represent a therapeutic vulnerability in PTEN‐depleted HGSOC.
Trend in global burden attributable to low bone mineral density in different WHO regions: 2000 and beyond, results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019
Authors: Panahi Nekoo , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Fahimfar Noushin , Rezaei Negar , Sanjari Mahnaz , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Shobeiri Parnian , Larijani Bagher , Ostovar Afshin
Published: August 2023

Background

We aimed to document the current state of exposure to low bone mineral density (BMD) and trends in attributable burdens between 2000 and 2019 globally and in different World Health Organization (WHO) regions using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.

Methods

We reviewed the sex-region-specific summary exposure value (SEV) of low BMD and the all-ages numbers and age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and deaths attributed to low BMD. We compared different WHO regions (Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Europe, Region of the Americas, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific), age categories, and sexes according to the estimates of the GBD 2019 report.

Results

The global age-standardized SEV of low BMD is estimated to be 20.7% in women and 11.3% in men in 2019. Among the WHO regions, Africa had the highest age-standardized SEV of low BMD in women (28.8% (95% uncertainty interval 22.0–36.3)) and men (16.8% (11.5–23.8)). The lowest SEV was observed in Europe in both women (14.7% (9.9–21.0)) and men (8.0% (4.3–13.4)). An improving trend in the global rate of DALY, death, and YLL was observed during 2000–2019 (−5.7%, −4.7%, and −11.9% change, respectively); however, the absolute numbers increased with the highest increase observed in global YLD (70.9%) and death numbers (67.6%). Southeast Asia Region had the highest age-standardized rates of DALY (303.4 (249.2–357.2)), death (10.6 (8.5–12.3)), YLD (133.5 (96.9–177.3)), and YLL (170.0 (139–197.7)).

Conclusions

Overall, the highest-burden attributed to low BMD was observed in the Southeast Asia Region. Knowledge of the SEV of low BMD and the attributed burden can increase the awareness of healthcare decision-makers to adopt appropriate strategies for early screening, and also strategies to prevent falls and fragility fractures and their consequent morbidity and mortality.
Factores psicosociales que determinan el aprendizaje significativo desde la motivación intrínseca
Authors: Reyes Gamarra Diana María
Published: August 2023

El presente articulo ha sido editado del trabajo investigativo elaborado entre el 2021 y 2022 para la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Artes de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. LA intención es identificar los factores psicosociales que determinan el aprendizaje significativo, desde la motivación intrínseca de los estudiantes de la Corporación Unidades Técnicas del Oriente – UTO. Para ello se contó con la colaboración de nueve estudiantes de la institución de la carrera técnica de Asistencia Administrativa a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento de investigación tipo entrevista semiestructurada que permitió conocer el sentir y pensar de los participantes y en la que se indagó acerca de las condiciones personales, escolares y sociofamiliares que inciden en la motivación intrínseca del alumno por ende en su aprendizaje significativo. De este modo, se establecieron tres categorías y doce subcategorías que configuraron la orientación, características y significancia, determinando así los factores más simbólicos o figurativos. La investigación de enfoque cualitativo se desarrolló por medio del método fenomenológico a través de la técnica de grupos focales. Los resultados permitieron considerar que las subcategorías más representativas son: las expectativas y aspiraciones, el autoconcepto, la calidad de los profesores y la dinámica familiar que irrumpió en la categoría personal siendo una subcategoría de la categoría sociofamiliar.
Aplicación de ratios de energía para la mejora de la ventilación en la Mina Huaron
Authors: Baca Mena Alexis
Published: August 2023

La presente investigación busca optimizar la ventilación en la industria minera utilizando el método de ratios de energía. Para ello, hace la estimación del consumo de energía en ventilación, obteniendo los ratios de producción en la unidad Huaron y aplicando los ratios de energía para determinar la eficiencia del consumo en cada zona, logrando un comparativo de costos para conseguir una distribución eficiente de la ventilación, así mismo recomienda formas de optimizar el consumo de energía por ventilación mediante el uso de los ratios de energía y producción.
Mediante esta metodología se ha podido mantener el ratio de energía y producción por debajo de 2.9 US$/TMS, optimizando el consumo de energía en las 3 zonas operativas de Huaron, así mismo, permitió una eficiencia en el consumo de cada zona de la mina, mediante el cual pudo generar un ahorro en el consumo de energía de 35 millones de kWh/mes a 30 millones de kWh/mes, que en términos económicos corresponde a un ahorro de US$ 358 mil dólares a la unidad Huaron.
Proceso de control de la gestión de Seguridad y Medio Ambiente mediante la aplicación de un sistema web
Authors: Alonzo Gomero Nadia Violeta , Lovera Dávila Daniel Florencio
Published: August 2023

Las muertes por accidentes laborales, ha motivado en las organizaciones la implementación de sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, como medida para prevenir la ocurrencia de accidentes. La presente investigación plantea que la implementación de un sistema de gestión genera grandes volúmenes de información y compromisos que requieren atención oportuna, por tanto, para alcanzar mejores resultados, se necesita de herramientas eficaces para administrar la información, en ese sentido, se implementó una aplicación informática desarrollada para un entorno web, en el proceso de control de seguridad, salud ocupacional y medio ambiente, posteriormente mediante entrevistas a los responsables del proceso, describir los efectos y percepciones sobre resultados del uso de herramientas ofimáticas y la aplicación web. Para tal efecto, la investigación se efectuó a un nivel descriptivo, enfoque cualitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal.
La investigación concluye que, usar herramientas de Office para controlar un sistema de gestión es insuficiente para procesar y analizar grandes volúmenes de información, no obstante emplear aplicaciones web, además de eliminar limitaciones de tiempo, volumen y distancia, su disponibilidad continua desde cualquier PC o dispositivo móvil con acceso a internet, facilitan la definición de estrategias y toma de decisiones a tiempo, para prevenir accidentes.
Las alteraciones hidrotermales en las exploraciones geológicas por yacimientos tipo Skarn de Cobre‐Zinc
Authors: Rodríguez Delgado Mario Dominico , Mayorga Rojas Jaime Cesar , Torres Guerra Jesús Alberto
Published: August 2023

Los depósitos tipo skarn muestran complejas relaciones mineralógicas y texturales como resultado de la variedad de procesos geológicos involucrados en su desarrollo. Las asociaciones minerales pueden complicarse aún más por la lixiviación y oxidación supergena. Consecuentemente las alteraciones hidrotermales constituyen complejas firmas geoquímicas a analizar bajo una serie de factores en estos sistemas mineralizados, los cuales son concluyentes a la hora de vectorizar este tipo de depósitos. Se propone este estudio a fin de comprender estas alteraciones y plantear su utilidad en la exploración de depósitos skarn de Cu-Zn. Se utilizó la metodología de investigación bibliográfica y estudio de casos, de tres fuentes principales de datos: información de la franja sedimentaria mesozoica de la cordillera interandina y el domo de Yauli, estudio de casos de diferentes partes del mundo y análisis de las condiciones geológicas, magmáticas y petrológicas de su formación. El análisis de los datos en concordancia al diseño de la investigación permite establecer resultados como: la caracterización de un Skarn Cu-Zn, definición de su ambiente geológico y tectónico, ubicación espacial y zonación mineral, los cuales resaltan la importancia y utilidad de las alteraciones hidrotermales en la ubicación de estos importantes depósitos minerales.
Impactos en un bosque tropical ralo con paca en la selva amazónica sur del Perú
Authors: Vásquez Flores Marco Antonio , Jave Nakayo Jorge Leonardo
Published: August 2023

Debido a diversas actividades de extracción de recursos naturales, se generan impactos ambientales, en este caso el objetivo es analizar cuáles son estos impactos en un bosque tropical ralo con paca en la selva amazónica sur del Perú, los cuales pueden ser restaurados con medidas y procedimientos adecuados, lo cual parte de una metodología que comprende el conocimiento profundo antes de iniciar la deforestación del bosque, realizando un detallado inventario de la flora, fauna y suelo existente en el área a intervenirse, continuar este trabajo durante las actividades de perforación de los pozos de exploración y posteriormente con la revegetación y monitoreo, realizando observaciones y captando información de los bosques aledaños. A fin de minimizar los impactos ambientales y compensar la deforestación es necesario diseñar la estrategia de restauración del bosque tropical en el área intervenida para lograr la recuperación del ecosistema afectado y procurar darles el beneficio directo a las comunidades apoyando su desarrollo autosostenible.

El análisis del impacto en el suelo, vegetación, fauna y en las comunidades cercanas trae como consecuencia un conocimiento importante para que posteriormente se restaure el ecosistema, el sistema de captura de información de la composición del suelo mediante análisis de muestras, el inventario de la flora en el área y con la metodología de las cámaras trampa permitió conocer la fauna existente, a la vez complementado con las necesidades de las comunidades cercanas, se obtiene una amplia información que da buenos resultados, los impactos alcanzados en estos cuatro análisis pueden ser revertidos, y ayudan a realizar una buena estrategia de restauración del área afectada.

 Los indicadores resultantes deberán ser monitoreados por 3 años, con visitas físicas y por 10 años adicionales mediante tecnología remota.
Evaluación de Metales Traza en Agua y Sedimento Marino en la Ensenada Mackellar, Antártica (2018-2019)
Authors: Alfaro Jaucha Jonathan Delio , Martínez Gamboa Carlos Alberto , Tam Málaga Jorge , Orozco Moreyra Rita
Published: August 2023

Existe preocupación por el impacto antropogénico sobre el ecosistema Antártico, por tal motivo el Instituto del Mar del Perú realizó las expediciones científicas Vigésimo Quinta y Sexta del Perú hacia la Antártica.  Las investigaciones se llevaron a cabo en el verano austral 2018-2019 a bordo del buque BAP Carrasco en la ensenada Mackellar ubicada en la Isla Rey Jorge, en la cual se tomaron muestras de agua y sedimento marino en 11 estaciones de muestreo para la evaluación de metales traza (Cu, Zn, As y Pb) mediante espectrometría de masas por plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS). Se observó que los mayores niveles de concentración de Cu, As y Pb en matriz agua correspondieron al año 2019, en comparación con el año 2018. Asimismo, estos metales, no superaron los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA), por lo que se considera que aún no hay riesgos de contaminación acuática. Sin embargo, hay una tendencia de incremento de concentración de estos metales cada año.  Por otro lado, las concentraciones de Cu y As en sedimento superaron los ECA, por lo que estos metales podrían causar efectos adversos en el ecosistema marino.
REGULATORY AND LEGAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Khomyn V.S.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the retrospective analysis and assessment of the current state regulatory and legal basis of energy transformation as a process of direction dynamics of the energy policy of Ukraine. Periods classification of the energy transformation of Ukraine has been developed, based on the temporary effect of the relevant legal framework in the field of energy policy, determined by the peculiarities of the internal energy course and the existing factors of external influence: the 1st post-Soviet period (1990—1996): the first stage (1990—1994); the second stage (1994—1996); II stabilization period (1996—2006); III early European integration period (2006—2013); IV latest European integration period (2013—2023): first stage (2013—2017); the second stage (2017—2022); the third stage (approximately 2022—2023); 5th early post-military period (approximately 2023—2050). It was established that such regulatory and legal framework for the implementation of Ukrainian energy transformation based on previous multi-term concepts, programs, and energy policy strategies was developed separately, reacting mainly to current intra-industry problems and, at the same time declared, did not take into account or insufficiently regulated not only the energy itself but related relations with them. It is proposed to form the provisions of the latest post-military Energy Strategy based on: cross-industry harmonization and synchronization of sectoral programs of related spheres of the economy; through consideration of the best foreign practices, Ukraine's international obligations and its strategic national interests in sustainable development; increasing energy efficiency of the national economy and establishing an energy-saving mentality in Ukrainian society; economically justified development, first of all, of those industries where there will be a permanent decrease in the share of imported of fuel and energy resources; regulation of new and strengthening provisions regarding existing energy-related relations of a European integration nature.
http://economiclaw.kiev.ua/index.php/economiclaw/article/view/1116
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Trehub О.A.
Published: August 2023

The present paper examines the problems and prospects of preferential taxation of carbon dioxide emissions from biofuel combustion in the context of reassessing climate impacts of bioenergy. Special attention is given to the analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine “On amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine regarding the establishment of a zero-tax rate for carbon dioxide emissions from installations that produce such emissions as a result of biofuel combustion”, the latest version of which was published by the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine in August 2022. Scientific approaches that express a critical view of the carbon neutrality of bioenergy and indicate the possibility of its adverse climate impacts are generalized. Potentially conflict zones where bioenergy capacity growth may conflict with climate policy are discussed. It is demonstrated that recent changes in European Union legislation are designed to ensure that zero-emission biomass shall fulfil the sustainability and the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria. The extension of these criteria to relations in the field of emissions trading indicates significant progress in ensuring the objectivity of assessing the climate potential of bioenergy. Joining such progressive changes is complicated in Ukraine by the lack of the criteria at the level of national legislation, the energy crisis, the reduction of sustainable biomass due to hostilities and other factors. In this regard, the paper provides suggestions to establish a zero-tax rate for carbon dioxide emissions from installations that use biofuel as the only type of fuel, without reference to the sustainability and the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria, at least in the short term to stimulate investment processes in the field of renewable energy.
ШКОДОЧИННІСТЬ ЖОВТОЇ ІРЖІ ПШЕНИЦІ ТА ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ГЕНІВ СТІЙКОСТІ ДО ЇЇ ВИСОКОВІРУЛЕНТНИХ РАС
Authors: Чугункова Т. , Пастухова Н. , Топчій Т. , Пірко Я. , Блюм Я.
Published: August 2023

Вступ. Грибні хвороби, зокрема, жовта іржа, є найбільш шкодочинними і широко розповсюдженими серед захворювань пшениці. Через екологічні та кліматичні зміни збудник жовтої іржі (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici) активно поширюється і завдає шкоди посівам пшениці, зокрема й в Україні. Одним з аспектів подолання цієї проблеми може бути моніторинг розповсюдження хвороби та використання сучасних методів молекулярної генетики і селекції для створення нових стійких сортів.Проблематика. Специфічність рас патогена ускладнює боротьбу з грибним захворюванням, а епіфітотії призводять до значних втрат врожаю пшениці. Уникнути суттєвих економічних збитків дозволить застосування сучасних способів виявлення генотипів з ефективними генами стійкості Yr до жовтої іржі за допомогою молекулярно-ге нетичних маркерів.Мета. Узагальнення даних щодо шкодочинності жовтої іржі пшениці та оцінювання можливостей використанняметодів молекулярно-генетичного аналізу генів стійкості.Матеріали й методи. Матеріалом слугували сорти пшениці української селекції, стійкі до відомих рас жовтої іржі. Ідентифікацію генів стійкості до жовтої іржі (Yr10 та Yr36) здійснювали з використанням власних оригінальних праймерів методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції (ПЛР).Результати. Показано, що втрати врожаю пшениці за ураження рослин жовтою іржею залежать від стійкості сорту, періоду зараження, тривалості розвитку хвороби, кліматичних умов вирощування. На основі молекулярно-біологічних підходів розроблено оригінальні праймери та підібрано оптимальні умови для проведення ПЛР, які дозволяють здійснювати ідентифікацію генів стійкості до жовтої іржі в сортах пшениці м’якої озимої.Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про відсутність у проаналізованих сортів пшениці української селекції алелів, які можуть забезпечити стійкість до нових шкодочинних рас жовтої іржі. Це потребує залучення у селекційний процес джерел, що є носіями генів Yr10 та Yr36.
STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING COHERENT TYPE NOZZLES FOR BOF BLOWING AT THE GAS DYNAMIC SIMULATION STAND
Authors: Golub T. , Molchanov L. , Semykin S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The BOF technology is the leading one in the production of structural steel due to its undeniable advantages.Problem Statement. In the conditions of most Ukrainian converter shops, when the blowing parameters change significantly during the campaign (temperature of the lining, dimensions of the workspace, quality of scrap metal, temperature and composition of iron), and the bath is blown at a constant flow rate with conventional Laval nozzles, sometimes it is impossible to ensure a stable purging process with high rate of post-combustion of CO up to CO2. Therefore, one of the main problems of oxygen conversion is the improvement of the designs of blowing devices, in particular, the nozzles.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of using nozzles of the coherent type for the top oxygen blowing of the converter.Material and Methods. In the research, we have used samples of coherent-design laboratory nozzles having different central part-to-periphery ratio under fixed equal general conditions of jet output (percentage of the annular gap to the total area of the nozzle, %: 75, 65, 50, 45, 35, 25). They have been studied by calculating the jet momentum, through weighing and taking shadow shots when the gas flow velocity reaches 2 M. The results have been compared with those for the cylindrical nozzle.Results. When the gas is supplied at 2 M, the coherent-type nozzles with a fraction of the outer part of 65—75% contribute to the formation of 1.5—1.6 times wider jets as compared with the cylindrical nozzle, with a multinode structure. It helps to increase the jet momentum by 45—55%.Conclusions. The design of a coherent type nozzle with an outer part share of 75% can be recommended to be used as the second tier or the second level nozzles of the top oxygen lance for post-combustion in an oxygen converter due to an increase in the surface area of the jet contact. The efficiency of post-combustion of CO from waste converter gases is expected to increase due to the increasing reaction surface area of additional oxygen jets.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕРОБКИ АЛЮМІНІЄВОГО ШЛАКУ СОДОВИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: Довбенко В. , Верховлюк А.
Published: August 2023

Вступ. Відомо, що легкий алюмінієвий брухт і відходи алюмінієвого виробництва важко ефективно плавити, оскільки він дуже легко окислюється.Проблематика. Технологія одержання алюмінію шляхом відновлення ливарних шлаків дозволяє суттєво зменшити кількість відходів, знизити витрати електроенергії на виробництво виливок.Мета. Розробка теоретичних і технологічних основ переробки алюмінієвих відходів та одержання з них високоякісного продукту.Матеріали й методи. Для визначення металургійного виходу алюмінію однієї плавки в індукційній печі брали 300 г ливарного шлаку. Реагент (каустичну соду 2,0 % від маси шлаку) прожарювали при температурі 250 °С протягом 1 год для видалення вологи та органічних домішок. Шлак поміщали в алундовий тигель та включали нагрів, а при 700 °С додавали соду. Після цього рідкий алюміній заливали у форму й після кристалізації його зважували на аналітичних терезах. Проби для хімічного та спектрального аналізів алюмінію брали згідно з ГОСТ 7565-81. Дослідження структурних і фазових перетворень при нагріванні й охолодженні алюмінієвих зразків проводили диференціально скануючою калориметрією (синхронний термічний аналізатор STA 449F1 Jupiter фірми NETZSCH).Результати. На рівні гіпотези розроблено механізм процесу переробки металургійного шлаку, який базується на зміні валентності алюмінію з (ІІІ) до (І) і навпаки, залежно від температури протікання реакцій. Встановлено закономірності величини металургійного виходу при переробці низькосортних алюмінійвмісних шлаків. Показано, що при інтенсифікації процесів теплообміну діапазон оптимальних значень параметрів зменшується, а величина металургійного виходу зростає. Досліджено фазові переходи алюмінієвих зразків, які одержано при переробці ливарного алюмінієвого шлаку. Доведено, що такий метод переробки дозволяє отримати алюміній порівняно високої чистоти.Висновки. Результати роботи можна використовувати для удосконалення технології одержання вторинного алюмінію з відходів алюмінієвого виробництва.