bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Earth Now in a Multifactorial CO2 Tipping Point? The Case for More Aggressive Carbon Dioxide Removal
Authors: Comings David Edward
Published: August 2024

The Keeling Curve shows that in addition to the progressive increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, the rate of increase in the rate of uptake of CO2 into the atmosphere, both in ppm and gigatons C/year, has been progressively increasing from 1960 to the present, despite some leveling off of man-made emissions. There is a similar processive increase in the earth’s heat imbalance. I propose that this is due to the additive effect of multiple partially activated tipping points putting the earth into a positive feedback mode such that these increases in rate will continue even after net zero emissions from fossil fuels is attained. As a result, controlling global warming will require a marked acceleration of Carbon Dioxide Removal using multiple Negative Emission Technologies.
Different Processing Methods of Illie Clay for the Development of Zeolites
Authors: Randers Martins , Sedmale Gaida , Rundans Maris , Grase Liga
Published: August 2024

Alkaline and alkaline-thermal activation were used in an attempt to synthesize zeolites using the sedimented illite fraction of raw Devonian clays from the Kuprava clay pit in Latvia. The Si/Al molar ratio of these clays is 2.79. Thermal and hydrothermal treatments were conducted using 6M and 10M NaOH solutions, along with different curing environments. The treated samples were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM, and were compared to the raw and calcined illite fraction samples. The main phase that forms after alkaline treatment is hydrosodalite (Na8[AlSiO4]6(OH)2∙2H2O). Using a higher concentration of NaOH leads to a significant increase in hydrosodalite formation. Increasing the curing temperature from 120°C to 600°C slightly reduces hydrosodalite formation due to the crystallization of the nepheline (Na3K(Al4Si4O16)) phase. This phase forms relatively intensively when the chemically treated samples are cured in a nitrogen environment at 600°C, thereby reducing the formation of hydrosodalite. The characteristic layered-fused structure of clay minerals remains in all chemically treated samples when cured at 600°C in air, but it does not remain when cured at the same temperature in nitrogen. The intensive formation of hydrosodalite is mainly achieved through hydrothermal treatment, along with a primary treatment using 10M NaOH. Considering the calculated size of the crystallites, treatment with 6M NaOH and curing at 120°C can also be seen as beneficial for hydrosodalite formation.
Interactions Between Folic Acid Supplementation and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Pregnant Women with Celiac Disease and Associated Maternal/Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Lev Lily , Petersen Katherine , Roberts Joseph L , Kupferer Kevin , Werder Steven
Published: August 2024

Celiac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten, affecting approximately 1% of the global population and two million Americans. An increasing number of studies have identified a link between celiac disease and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy and after birth. Additionally, both celiac disease and pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for nutrient deficiencies, specifically vitamin B12 and folate. Deficiencies in these key nutrients are linked with several negative maternal and fetal health outcomes including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion/miscarriage, preterm birth, NTDs, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and low gestational age and birthweight. This review examines the current literature related to the folate trap and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with celiac disease and pregnant women independently, and to provide rationale for future research to explore the correlation between the folate to B12 ratio in pregnant woman with celiac disease.
Generalized Dynamics and Generation Mapping for Collatz-type Sequences
Authors: Goyal Gaurav
Published: August 2024

Let an odd integer $\mathcal{X}$ be represented as $\sum \limits_{M > m} 2^M + 2^m - 1$ for $m \geq 1$, where $2^m - 1$ is called the Governor. The general dynamics is such that applying the Collatz-type function iteratively lead to $\sum \limits_{N > 1} 2^N + 2^{\mathcal{T}} - 1$, where $2^{\mathcal{T}} - 1$ is referred to as the Trivial Governor. For the $3\mathcal{Z} + 1$ sequence, the Trivial Governor is $2^1 - 1$, while for the $5\mathcal{Z} + 1$ sequence, the Trivial Governors are $2^2 - 1$ and $2^1 - 1$. It is demonstrated that for $\mathcal{X}$ to reappear in a Collatz-type sequence, its Governor must be the Trivial Governor. Specifically, in the $3\mathcal{Z} + 1$ sequence, ancestor mapping shows that odd integers in a repeating cycle are separated by two even integers. Successor mapping further indicates that there are no auxiliary cycles, as the Trivial Governor is transformed into a Governor with a different index. Similarly, in the $5\mathcal{Z} + 1$ sequence, successor mapping reveals that the smallest odd integers that form an auxiliary cycle are found between $2^2$ and $2^5$. Finally, attempts to construct integers that diverge in the $3\mathcal{Z} + 1$ sequence suggest that no such integers exist.
The Successful Management of a 9-Year-Old Golden Retriever Treated for a Nasal Carcinoma with a Prednisolone/Chlorambucil Metronomic Combination after Radiation Therapy
Authors: Choi Kyuhyung
Published: August 2024

Nasal tumors are some of the most common tumors in aged golden retrievers. Nasal tumors are mostly found to be adenocarcinomas or carcinomas. Radiation therapy is the first option to debulk the tumor, and oral or intravenous chemotherapy is administered depending on the prognosis. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate drug for chemotherapy considering the price and the presence of concurrent disease. Anticancer drugs include first-generation chemotherapies, second-generation targeted anticancer drugs, and third-generation immunotherapy drugs. Considering their price and effectiveness, first- or second-generation anticancer drugs are mainly used.
We report a case in which a retriever with a nasal tumor was successfully treated and managed using a combination of chlorambucil (4mg/day, SID) and prednisolone (10mg/day) orally for 9 months at a general practice. A 35 kg spayed female golden retriever aged 8 years and 8 months visited the Bundang New York Animal Hospital in July 2023. A protocol of 4 weeks of chemotherapy followed by 1 week of rest was repeated, and the nasal exudate persisted. The exudate was significantly reduced. The size of the nasal tumor was monitored using CT imaging at a referral hospital, and the images were taken in the following order: 1. before radiation therapy at the referral hospital and before chemotherapy; 2. after radiation therapy and before chemotherapy; and 3. after radiation therapy and after chemotherapy. Since the first instance of nasal bleeding, 12 months have passed (as of July 24). The nasal exudate is barely visible, and the retriever’s vital signs and weight remain stable. The size of the nasal tumor significantly decreased after 9 months of chemotherapy without moderate side effects. This study demonstrates that a prednisolone/chlorambucil metronomic combination can be an alternative to second-generation anticancer drugs as it is the cheapest and most effective way to manage tumors along with conventional radiation therapy.
Therapy of Non-Diabetic Foot Infections after Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery: The Duration Of Post-Debridement Antibiotic Treatment Does Not Alter Failure Risk
Authors: Scherer Martina , Soldevila-Boixader Laura , Yildiz Inci , Furrer Pascal Raffael , Beeler Silvan , Wirth Stephan Hermann , Viehöfer Arnd , Uckay Ilker
Published: August 2024

Whereas there is an increasing number of scientific publications investigating the optimal anti-biotic treatment for diabetic foot infections, we are lacking corresponding data in the adult non-diabetic (postsurgical) foot infection population. We therefore established one of the largest single-center databases on this topic and retrospectively investigate failures of a combined sur-gical and antibiotic therapy for surgical site foot infections. Overall, 17.4% of the episodes expe-rienced any therapeutic failures; especially among the infected ankle prostheses. In contrast, neither the age, the biological sex, pathogens, the duration of post-debridement antibiotic treatment, the number of surgical debridement, or the use of negative-pressure wound care could alter the failure risk. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the duration of postsur-gical antibiotic use was completely indifferent (as a continuous variable with odds ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.03), or when stratified into inter-tertiary groups. Our results poten-tially enable shorter applications of systemic antibiotics in favor of a better stewardship in the non-diabetic adult population. Consecutive prospective-randomized trials are under way to identify eligible patient populations for a potentially shorter durations in surgical site infections after elective foot and ankle surgery.
The Transformative Role of Digital Health in Nigeria's Remote Communities
Authors: Fabuluje Joy
Published: August 2024

Delving into the transformative role of digital health in Nigeria's remote communities, aiming to bridge healthcare gaps and enhance overall well-being. As digital interventions gain prominence, their impact on healthcare accessibility, quality, and awareness becomes pivotal in the unique context of remote regions. We explore the historical overview of digital health initiatives in Nigeria, contextualize healthcare challenges, and analyse the global and regional influences shaping digital health adoption. Challenges such as digital literacy, infrastructural constraints, and cultural barriers are addressed alongside solutions, emphasizing the need for inclusive policies and community engagement. Through examining the quantitative and qualitative impacts of digital health interventions, including telehealth, mobile applications, and electronic health records, we unveil the strides made in healthcare delivery. Voices from communities, healthcare providers, and leaders provide first-hand perspectives, offering insights into the effectiveness and challenges faced. Additionally, policy implications, grassroots advocacy, and collaborative efforts between public and private sectors are discussed as integral components for sustainable change. As we measure the data-driven insights and envision future directions, this article advocates for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to digital health, envisioning a future where remote communities in Nigeria experience improved healthcare outcomes and resilience.
Soil Dynamics in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Soil Enzymatic Activity under Maize-Green Manure Cropping Sequences
Authors: Abreu-Junior Cassio Hamilton , Melo Wanderley José de , Oliveira Roberto Alves de , Cardoso Paulo Henrique Silveira , Dantas Raíssa de Araujo , Sousa Rodrigo Nogueira de , Silva Dalila Lopes da , Nogueira Thiago Assis Rodrigues , Jani Arun Dilipkumar , Capra Gian Franco , Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca de
Published: August 2024

Diversification of cropping sequences has a positive impact on soil organic carbon, while improving nutrient cycling and crop yields. The objective of this research was to assess amylase and cellulase activity, C and N dynamics, and maize yield on a low fertility Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted under field conditions during three maize crop succession cycles. Treatments consisted of cultivating maize during the summer, after sorghum and lablab cropped as green manure and fallow during the winter. Higher maize yields were achieved by sorghum-maize succession compared to monocropping, due to higher N fertilizer and biomass in-puts to topsoil. Sorghum-maize succession also provided a higher proportion of stable C and N compared to other successions. Maize yields declined as tropical soil fertility intrinsically de-creased along three crops succession cycles. Cellulase activity decreased over time, whereas amylase activity increased as the plant residues were already in advanced stages of decomposition. The sorghum-maize crop succession stood out compared to lablab and fallow as it provided the high-est maize yields, while, maintaining higher C and N levels, and amylase activity. This better performance was likely due to larger amounts of incorporated biomass and better mineral N fertilizer management.
Media pembelajaran torah pedia untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tokoh sejarah indonesia peserta didik sekolah dasar
Authors: Azis Abdul
Published: August 2024

Social Sciences are very useful in everyday life. Based on this, Social Sciences becomes important to learn. Even so, there are still many facts found in the field regarding social science learning outcomes very low. Learning media is one of the things that can affect the quality of learning mathematics. Based on the results of interviews and observations at several elementary schools in the Gajah Mada Kerten cluster, it is known thatthere is a problem of limitations of IPS learning media on national historical figures material. Therefore, this study aims to develop interactive learning media based on storylines articulated on national historical figures.This type of research is development research using the 4D research model (Define, design,develop, and disseminate). The implementation of this research was only carried out on development stage. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observation, documentation studies, and questionnaires. The results of this study are valid learning media based on the proportion of the material expert's assessment of 88.4% and the proportion of the media's assessment expert judgment of 93.2%. The results of this study are also in the form of learning practices media based on teacher assessment with a proportion of 96.4% and student assessment with the proportion was 91.54%.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY, TINGKAT PENDAPATAN, LAMA USAHA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS UMKM KECAMATAN ARJASA KEPULAUAN KANGEAN
Authors: Nur Fajariyah Santi , Indah Mustikowati Rita , Mardiana Firdaus Riril
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh financial technology, tingkat pendapatan dan usia dalam usaha terhadap profitabilitas UMKM di Kecamatan Arjasa Kepulauan Kangean. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah UMKM Kabupaten Arjasa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 66 responden. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa financial technology, tingkat pendapatan dan lama usaha berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap profitabilitas, dan financial technology berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan tingkat pendapatan dan lama usaha berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan. Ada pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas
Seasonal climatic effects on the Lepidoptera diversity in a peri-urban patch of “restinga” in Brazil
Authors: Guedes Camila Tavares Brito , Miranda Amanda Soares , Soares Alexandre , Bacci Leandro , Antonini Yasmine , Araújo Vinícius Albano
Published: August 2024

Global climate change and the accelerated urbanization process of coastal habitats have resulted in a drastic reduction in biodiversity, including lepidopteran fauna. In the Atlantic Forest, “restingas” are among the most threatened phytophysiognomies because they are located on the coastal strip, where high demographic densities are concentrated. Therefore, restinga areas have been strongly affected by actions of urbanization, but data on species composition, endemism, or extinction risks, mainly for its entomofauna, remains scarce. In this work, we evaluated whether the abundance and richness of butterfly and diurnal moth species respond to seasonal variations at the Restinga of Barreto Municipal Natural Park (PNMRB) in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We actively searched for butterflies and diurnal moths between 2019 and 2020 and captured them using an entomological net. We tested whether species richness and abundance varied between different periods of the day (morning and afternoon) and seasons (dry and rainy season). We sampled a total of 236 individuals representing 40 butterflies and diurnal moth from eight families. Species abundance and richness were higher during the dry season, when average temperature, relative humidity and rainfall are lower. We observed two peaks of species abundance during the day, one at ~ 10:00 am and the other at ~ 2:00 pm. Nymphalidae was the family with the greatest richness and abundance and the most abundant species were Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, 1819), Heliconius sara apseudes (Hubner, 1813) and Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779). The lepidopteran fauna of PNMRB presented a clear seasonal pattern, showing that climatic fluctuations related to variations in average temperature and rainfall can negatively affect this important group of pollinating insects. Studies involving Lepidoptera communities are fundamental to management and conservation plans of insect fauna and the ecosystem services. In this sense, the survey of Lepidoptera diversity in the PNMRB can be relevant information for the maintenance or expansion of protected areas. Also generate data that can increase the knowledge about climatic effects on the temporal distribution and conservation of Neotropical Lepidoptera.
Feasibility Testing of an Application to Improve the Diagnosis and Management of Febrile Illnesses by Frontline Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Akwaowo Christie , Ekpin Victory , Ekpenyong Nnette , Motilewa Olugbemi , Isiguzo Chimaobi Markson , Umoh Edidiong , Attai Kingsley , Akwa Clarkson , Udoh Owoidogho , Arnold Kyrria , Bassey Brian , Maduka Omosivie , Ekanem Uwemedimbuk , Obot Okure , Uzoka Faith-Michael
Published: August 2024

Background
The Febra Diagnostica App (Febra App) is an intelligent medical decision support system for diagnosing and managing febrile illnesses among frontline health workers (FHWs). It addresses the global health workforce shortage, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where diagnosing fevers can be challenging due to limited skilled personnel and resources. Task-shifting to frontline health workers is increasingly common, making accurate diagnostic tools crucial. This pilot study assesses implementation outcomes including feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the Febra App among FHWs in Nigeria.
Methods
A 3-month single-arm pilot study was conducted in government-owned primary health centres (PHC) across four Nigerian states (Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Imo, and Rivers states). Implementation strategies included App development, FHW training, provision of tablets and power banks, utilization of the App by FHWs, and continuous technical assistance. Mixed methods, including a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews, were employed to evaluate the intervention. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic coding and analysis for qualitative data.
Results
FHWs demonstrated high acceptability to using the Febra App for diagnosis of febrile illnesses, with the majority expressing approval of its ease of use, appropriateness, and relevance to their clinical practice. FHWs also found it to be feasible for routine use in PHCs, however, technical challenges, such as application crashes and poor network connectivity, posed challenges to the routine integration of the App into workflow processes.
Conclusion
The pilot study highlights the potential of the Febra App to enhance diagnostic accuracy and simplify the management of febrile illnesses in resource-limited settings. Recommendations for improvement included streamlining the App's usability and addressing technical issues. Addressing these implementation challenges will be critical for ensuring the sustainable adoption and scalability of the intervention.
Cell lineage-resolved embryonic morphological map reveals novel signaling regulating cell fate and size asymmetry
Authors: Zhao Zhongying , Guan Guoye , Li Zelin , Ma Yiming , Ye Pohao , Cao Jianfeng , Wong Ming-Kin , Ho Vincy Wing Sze , Chan Lu-Yan , Yan Hong , Tang Chao
Published: August 2024

Understanding the dynamic evolutions of cellular morphology throughout development is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of morphogenesis and organogenesis. However, a systematic and detailed characterization of these processes poses a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive real-time morphological map covering over 95% of the cells produced during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis, constituted by nearly 400,000 3D cell regions. Our map integrates information about identity, lineage, fate, shape, volume, surface area, and contact area for each individual cell, together with lineage-specific gene expression profiles, all of which are accessible through our custom-designed software and website. This morphological map enables vivid and precise characterization of key morphogenetic events, such as dorsal intercalation, intestinal morphogenesis, and body-wall muscle assembly. Furthermore, we reveal that the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, in concert with mechanical forces from cell-cell interactions, orchestrate the asymmetry of both cell fate and cell size. Additionally, our analysis of cell-cell contact maps and lineage-specific gene expression profiles uncovers a cascade of Notch signaling events that drive the cell size asymmetries critical for kidney development. This resource lays the foundation for in-depth studies of the regulatory networks that determine cell fate, size, and cell cycle length throughout C. elegans embryogenesis.
Study on the dissociation of cryolite in SPL
Authors: Chen Xiping , Tang Fangheng Fang , Liu Hao , Xuan Hongwei
Published: August 2024

The spent pot lining of aluminum electrolysis (SPL) is a typical harmful solid waste discharged from the production process of primary aluminum. It contains about 30% of fluoride and 0.2% of cyanide, which is a valuable fluorine-containing resource. With SPL as raw material, sodium carbonate was used as a reagent, and dissociation of cryolite was investigated by baking process. Gibbs free energy of cryolite dissociation was calculated and reaction mechanism of cryolite was discussed. At the same time, the effects of reagent addition ratio, baking temperature and reaction time on the dissociation of cryolite in SPL were discussed. The results show that under the conditions of a reagent addition ratio of 30 ~ 35wt%, baking temperature of 800 ~ 850 ℃ and reaction time of 3 ~ 3.5 h, the phase of cryolite and mullite in the SPL disappears, cryolite is transformed into sodium fluoride and sodium metaaluminate compounds, and mullite is transformed into nepheline or feldspar. The concentration of fluoride ion in clinker leaching solution increased to 8.84 g/L, almost two times of primary concentration 4.56 g/L in SPL, and the effect of dissociation was obvious, which will be beneficial to the subsequent recovery of fluorides.
Ecological functioning of Johor Strait’s macrobenthic communities
Authors: Kasihmuddin Mohd Sophian bin Mohd , Cob Zaidi Che
Published: August 2024

Trait assessment takes account of physiological features and aspects of the taxa, accurately describes how macrobenthic taxa interact with biotic and abiotic element of the ecosystem; this method is underutilized in in Malaysian waters. This study intended to assess current state of seafloor ecosystem in several key locations of Johor Straits, Malaysia using assemblages of benthic traits. Sampling took place in several key locations in the strait. nMDS and PCA analyses indicated higher percentages of subtraits related to Sedentaria polychaetes in polychaete-dominated communities (POL: J1, J3 and J4), while subtraits related to bivalves were higher in bivalve-dominated communities (BIV) in J2. J10 to J13, comprising the entire key locations at strait’s east end, contained mixed percentages of macrobenthic subtraits from all phyla (MIX). Functional diversity (FD) was highest only in reproductive strategy trait category in POL communities; other trait category, notably feeding mode, adult mobility and body shape, were higher in MIX communities. SIMPER analysis indicated vermiform, burrower and upward-downward conveyors as universal traits, readily available every locations regardless of differences in percentages. BIOENV test identified pH, chl-a and TOC as driving abiotic factor for subtrait differences in Johor Strait (p < 0.05, r = 0.67), but for FD, the parameters were D, Chl-a, Cl and TOC (p < 0.05, r = 0.52). This study identifies subtraits related to Sedentaria polychaetes prevails in ecologically disturbed seafloor habitat, as in central region. This study showcased the effectiveness of using ecological functioning of macrobenthos as indicating subject to understand the extent of environmental damage occurring in Johor Straits, Malaysia.
Secreted Particle Information Transfer (SPIT) – A Cellular Platform for In Vivo Genetic Engineering
Authors: Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Charlesworth Carsten , Homma Shota , Suchy Fabian , Wang Sicong , Bhadhury Joydeep , Amaya Anais , Camarena Joab , Zhang Jinyu , Tan Tze , Igarashi Kyomi
Published: August 2024

A multitude of tools now exist that allow us to precisely manipulate the human genome in a myriad of different ways. However, successful delivery of these tools to the cells of human patients remains a major barrier to their clinical implementation. Here we introduce a new cellular approach for in vivo genetic engineering, Secreted Particle Information Transfer (SPIT) that utilizes human cells as delivery vectors for in vivo genetic engineering. We demonstrate the application of SPIT for cell-cell delivery of Cre recombinase and CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes, we show that genetic logic can be incorporated into SPIT and present the first demonstration of human cells as a delivery platform for in vivo genetic engineering in immunocompetent mice. We successfully applied SPIT to genetically modify multiple organs and tissue stem cells in vivo including the liver, spleen, intestines, peripheral blood, and bone marrow. We anticipate that by harnessing the large packaging capacity of a human cell’s nucleus, the ability of human cells to engraft into patients’ long term and the capacity of human cells for complex genetic programming, that SPIT will become a paradigm shifting approach for in vivo genetic engineering.
Shared bottleneck detection based decoupled congestion control for multipath TCP in wireless networks
Authors: Xie Guannan , Chen Huifang , Xie Lei , Wang Kuang
Published: August 2024

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) can aggregate the bandwidth of all connected paths, providing high data rate and transmission reliable service in wireless networks, especially for video streaming. To avoid network congestion and be fair to TCP users, extending the single-path congestion control to multipath has become a hot research issue in MPTCP. Because coupled multipath congestion control dominates existing MPTCP strategies, we analyze four classic coupled congestion control algorithms from the perspective of bandwidth competition, indicating that they can only achieve trade-off between the aggregate throughput and fairness on the shared bottleneck. Some shared bottleneck detection based MPTCP congestion control strategies fully utilize the available bandwidth on non-bottleneck links, but being unfair to legacy TCP compared to the coupled algorithms. This motives us to propose a new Shared bottleneck Detection based Decoupled Congestion Control (SD-DCC) scheme, which includes a more applicable shared bottleneck detection method and more suitable decoupled congestion control strategy in consideration of the wireless link conditions. The performance of our proposed SD-DCC scheme is evaluated through extensive simulations, which demonstrates that the SD-DCC scheme achieves better transmission performance to meet the requirements of video streaming services, while keeping fairness to legacy TCP users.
High prevalence of malnutrition in geriatric patients with solid organ cancer: An institutional study
Authors: Shriwastav Ujjawal Kumar , Sundriyal Deepak , Khanna Mridul , Sunny Neethu , Sehrawat Amit , Dhar Minakshi
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The demographic transition towards aging heralds an increase in the number of geriatric patients with cancer in India. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a sine qua non for the treatment planning and shared decision-making in this group of patients. We aimed to study the prevalence of malnutrition and the associated risk factors in geriatric patients with solid organ cancer (SOC).
Methods
In this observational study, geriatric patients with cancer and naïve to systemic anti-cancer therapy underwent CGA. was We performed a Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) to diagnose malnutrition status. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-Square, Spearman correlation, and multivariable regression analysis to assess the factors associated with malnutrition.
Results
One hundred and forty-two patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 67 (range 60–88) years, with a male preponderance (73.2%) and a stage IV (75.4%) disease. The majority of the patients, 91.6% (n = 130), had abnormal MNA scores during CGA. Nearly 1/3rd of the subjects, 35.2% (n = 50), were underweight (Body-mass index < 18.5 Kg/m2). Poor performance status was seen in 30.3% of the subjects. Poor appetite (79.6%) was the most common risk factor, followed by addictions (73.1%), chronic constipation (35.9%), and polypharmacy (21.8%). Cognitive impairment and depression were seen in 35.2% and 57.1% of the subjects, respectively. The study found a significant correlation of MNA with age (p = 0.048), depression (P < 0.001), PS (P < 0.001), functional decline (P < 0.001), and cognition (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
There exists a widespread prevalence of malnutrition and amenable risk factors in geriatric cancer patients. Nutritional assessment is essential, and interventions should be implemented to improve clinical outcomes.
City life does not change a small mammal community composition
Authors: Rimbach Rebecca , Heinze Kerrin , Poorthuis Lars , Petit Jules , Dammhahn Melanie
Published: August 2024

Urbanization is a known widespread phenomenon with profound forms of land use changes. Urban areas are characterized by habitat fragmentation and the replacement of natural habitat by human-made structures impacting various environmental conditions (e.g., natural resources, light and noise level, temperature) and transforming wildlife communities. The overall effect of urbanization on wildlife communities can differ between taxa, although most results suggest an overall decrease of species abundance and evenness in urbanized areas. In this study, we analyzed 25,982 photos from a camera trap survey in 33 gardens in the city of Münster, Germany. Our goal was to investigate if community composition, species diversity and evenness, and species co-occurrence patterns of terrestrial small mammals change as a function of impervious surface cover. Eight taxa were recorded and Apodemus spp. predominated (73.8%) the captured photos. We found that community composition, species diversity and evenness do not change along the urbanization gradient (i.e., impervious surface cover). In addition, we observed mainly neutral associations between species, although one trend for a positive association between Myodes glareolus and Crocidura spp., and two trends for negative associations between Apodemus spp. and Crocidura spp., and Rattus norvegicus and Sciurus vulgaris were discernable. Overall, our results suggest that this small mammal community is not impacted by urbanization. The small mammal species community of Münster is likely the result of generalist species expressing high phenotypic plasticity to bypass the urban filters explaining our overall neutral results. Further studies will be needed to address whether our findings for this small mammal species community are generalizable to multiple cities in Europe.
MWMOTE-FRIS-INFFC：An Improved Majority Weighted Minority Oversampling Technique for Solving Noisy and Imbalanced Classification Datasets
Authors: ZHANG Dong , HUANG XIANG , LI GEN , KONG SHENGJIE , DONG LIANG
Published: August 2024

The utilization of high-noise unbalanced data poses significant challenges. In order to address this issue, an Enhanced Majority Weighted Minority Oversampling Technique is introduced, named MWMOTE-FRIS-INFFC, which specifically tackles noisy and imbalanced classification datasets. This approach leverages Euclidean distance for the allocation of sample weights, synthesizes, and incorporates novel samples into those of greater weights but belonging to minority classes, thereby addressing the data scarcity within smaller class clusters. Subsequently, the application of the fuzzy rough instance (FRIS) selection methodology eliminates a subset of synthetic minority samples exhibiting low cluster membership, effectively mitigating the overfitting tendency associated with synthetic oversampling of minority samples. Furthermore, the integration of the classification fusion iterative filter (INFFC) serves to mitigate synthetic noise issues, including both original and synthesized data noise. Following this, a series of experiments are designed to enhance the performance of six oversampling algorithms across eight datasets, utilizing the proposed MWMOTE-FRIS-INFFC algorithm.
Combinatorial Chance-constrained Economic Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Sager Jens , Nieße Astrid
Published: August 2024

The transformation of the energy system towards sustainable energy sources is characterized by an increase in weather dependent distributed energy resources (DER).
This adds a layer of uncertainty in energy generation on top of already uncertain load distribution.
At the same time, many households are fitted with renewable generation units and storage systems.
The increased intermittent generation in the distribution grid leads to new challenges for the commitment and economic dispatch of DER.

The main challenge addressed in this work is to decide which available resources to select for a given task.
To solve this, we introduce Stochastic Resource Optimization (SRO), a combinatorial chance-constrained optimization problem for the economic selection of stochastic DER.
In this mode, correlations between stochastic resources are based on copula theory which has been used in many recent works on the modeling of stochastic load and generation.

The contributions of this paper are twofold:
First, we validate the applicability of the SRO formulation on a simplified congestion management use-case in a small neighbourhood grid comprised of prosumer households.
Second, we provide an analysis of the performance of different solving algorithms for SRO problems and their run-times.
Our results show that a fast metaheuristic algorithm can provide high quality solutions in acceptable time on the evaluated problem sets.
Design of Phased Array Radar Signal Processor based on Multi-core DSP
Authors: Li Jianwu , Yang Dong , Wang Chaoyue , Li Jingwen , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaoran , Wang Xinghua
Published: August 2024

Aircraft phased array radar systems using planar arrays have larger detection areas and higher target detection efficiency, but also require larger real-time computational resources and more complex resource scheduling algorithms to support them. In this paper, based on the multi core Digital Signal Proces-sor (DSP) signal processing hardware platform, the target identification, de-tection, ranging and angular measurement of the radar signal after pulse-pressure, as well as based on multi-frequency waveforms to complete the airspace search for far, medium and near range targets, target interception and tracking. In this manuscript, the multi-core deployment of moving targets detection (MTD) algorithm is realized by using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) filter scheme, and the acceleration ratio of 8.22 times is obtained com-pared with that of single-core. The multi core deployment of the Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR) algorithm is achieved using three different strate-gies, namely, the Greatest of CFAR algorithm (GO\_CFAR), the Smallest of CFAR algorithm (SO\_CFAR), and the Mean Level CFAR algorithm, and achieves a speedup ratio of 19.61 times as compared to that of a single core. Finally, the internal and exter nal field tests are conducted, and excellent re-sults of the internal and external flight following test verification are ob-tained. The experiments show that the proposed design has better azimuth and pitch angle accuracy compared with others.
The development and destruction of foreland structures in the South Yellow Sea basin during the collision between the North China and South Block
Authors: Xu Ming , Chen Jianwen , Lan Haoyuan , Ji Huili , Yuan Yong , Liang Jie , Wang Jianqiang , Meng Lingdong
Published: August 2024

The South Yellow Sea Basin is the extension of the Yangtze Plate, which is regarded as the main part of Lower Yangtze block. The basin had suffered several episodes of tectonic movements, in which the Indosinian movement caused by the collision of the North and South China Plates had modified critically the basin. The Indosinian movement had vital influence on the structural and sedimentary features, basin modification and evolution of the South Yellow Sea Basin. We had analyzed the deformation and the differences in three secondary tectonic units. In the 2D seismic data, the Indosinian movement had resulted in the opposite thrust structures, in which the Northern Depression developed the strongest deformation. Based on the sediment distribution, deformation strength, formation preservation, we had proposed a new foreland basin model for the South Yellow Sea Basin. The Northern Depression could be recognized as orogenic front, the intense compressional structures caused the largest amount of erosion in three units. The Middle Uplift had foreland depositions developed corresponding to the foredeep of foreland basin. The new model has important scientific significance and application value to promote the investigation and exploration of oil and gas resources in this area.
Netarsudil v/s Ripasudil: The Battle of Supremacy between two ROCKS-I (Rho kinase Inhibitors)
Authors: Juneja Riddhima , Khan Taskin , Gupta Vishnu Swarup , Chaudhary Niharika
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE
To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and safety of topical netarsudil 0.02% once daily with topical ripasudil 0.4% twice daily in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.
METHODS
A prospective, comparative, randomized study conducted on 140 eyes of patients diagnosed to have POAG, in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Patients divided into groups, A and B in a 1:1 ratio and were treated with ripasudil 0.4% or netarsudil 0.02% respectively and followed up. The mean diurnal IOP noted at 3rd week and 3rd month comparing it from baseline values, with their side effects.
RESULTS
At 3rd month, mean diurnal IOP for ripasudil 0.4% group ranged from 19.22 to 20.69 mmHg whereas for netarsudil group it was 17.11 to 18.47mmHg, an intergroup statistically significant difference in IOP of 2.3mmHg (p˂0.0001) noted. At 3rd month the difference from baseline was 2.77 mmHg (p = 0.048) for ripasudil and 4.64 mmHg (p = 0.001) for netarsudil. At the end of 3 months the adverse events were seen less in group B than group A (59.8% and 66.7% respectively. Eye irritation followed by conjunctival hyperemia was seen. Overall incidence of adverse events was 32.9% and 44.3% for topical netarsudil and ripasudil respectively.
CONCLUSION
Topical netarsudil 0.02% once daily was well tolerated with fewer side effects and in reducing IOP than topical ripasudil 0.4% twice daily dosing in POAG patients. Netarsudil 0.02% once daily may be considered an important option for the IOP control in POAG.
Moringa Dried Leaf Extract as Bio-Foliar Fertilizer for Revitalizing Performance and Nutritional Status of Soybean
Authors: Irshad Sohail , Matloob Amar , Mehmood Kashf , Nawaz Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Wahid Muhammad Ashfaq , Ikram Rao Muhammad , Ghafoor Muhammad Atif , Alamri Saud , Khan Shahbaz
Published: August 2024

Naturally occurring plant based biostimulants can be used to improve crop productivity and quality as an eco-friendly approach. Moringa oleifera, known as the miracle tree, is a rich source of essential nutrients and beneficial compounds that can act as potent growth enhancer. The current work aimed to appraise whether moringa dried leaf extract (MDLE) could improve growth, physiology, seed nutritional and quality attributes of soybean. The designed study followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement having four replications examining various MDLE concentrations [water spray as control, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (w/v)] and growth stages (vegetative and reproductive) of soybean. The results revealed that foliar application of 1.5% MDLE during the reproductive stage of soybean showcased remarkable enhancements. Notably, seedling growth metrics, photosynthetic pigments, leaf area, gas exchange parameters, yield attributes, seed nutritional and quality attributes were significantly boosted. Overall, a noteworthy increase in seedling growth metrics (22%), carotenoids (8.33%), gas exchange attributes (18%), yield components (37%) and seed nutritional attributes (18%) was observed with 1.5% MDLE application during the reproductive stage. This underscores the potential of MDLE foliar application during reproductive stage in improving soybean growth, quality and seed nutritional contents.
KLF2 determines the susceptibility of T cells to immunoregulatory NK cells.
Authors: Waggoner Stephen , Cox Andrew , Canaday Laura , Katko Alexander , Feldman Harrison , Warrick Kathrynne , Tselikova Anastassia , Seelamneni Harsha , Roskin Krishna
Published: August 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells suppress cellular and humoral immune responses via killing of T cells, resulting in diminished vaccine responses in mice and humans. Efforts to overcome this roadblock and achieve optimal immunity require an improved understanding of the molecular mediators facilitating NK cell-targeting of discrete subsets of CD4 T cells. We employed single-cell forensic victimology and CRISPR-Cas9 editing to delineate a transcriptional program uniquely responsible for the susceptibility of a subpopulation of CD4 T cells to perforin-dependent immunoregulation by NK cells. The unique vulnerability of these CD4 T cells relative to other subsets of CD4 T cells was not associated with a pattern of NK-cell-receptor ligand expression that would favor activation of NK cells. Instead, susceptible CD4 T cells were skewed toward follicular helper T cell (Tfh) differentiation and exhibited intermediate expression of Klf2 and a related suite of KLF2-target genes (e.g. S1pr1) involved in cell migration and spatial positioning. NK-cell dependent suppression of the subset of Tfh exhibiting intermediate expression of KLF2 and S1PR1 was confirmed with single-cell proteomics. CRISPR targeting of KLF2 in CD4 T cells prevented suppression by NK cells. Thus, KLF2 regulation of spatial positioning of T cells is a key determinant of NK-cell immunoregulatory function and a possible target for strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Au-Pt Alloy Nanowires:
Effects of Strain Rate, Temperature, and Composition
Authors: Guha Souvik , Guha Sirshendu
Published: August 2024

The mechanical properties exhibited by nanostructures of a metal alloy are significantly different from those exhibited by the same alloy in the bulk state. Molecular dynamics is a powerful simulation method to analyze the properties of metal alloy nanostructures. In this work, yield stress, elastic modulus, and modulus of resilience of Au-Pt alloy nanowires are studied using molecular dynamics, and how the temperature, the alloy composition, and the strain rate at which the nanowires are subjected to tension affect these properties have been analyzed. Results demonstrate that yield stress, elastic modulus, yield strain, and resilience modulus, deteriorate with temperature irrespective of applied strain rates of 0.0002 ps-1 and 0.02 ps-1. At low strain rates, the deformation mechanism involves cyclical yielding and recrystallization, whereas higher strain rates cause amorphization of the crystal structure. Increased strain rate causes higher yield stress, higher modulus of resilience, and lower modulus of elasticity. It is found that alloy nanowires with higher Au concentrations generally show a reduction in all mechanical properties. We observed that Au75Pt25, and Au50Pt50 nanowires yield just after commencement of elongation at 600K. Simulation results indicate that the absolute value of the potential energy of pure Au after conjugate-gradient minimization and thermal equilibration at 300K is the lowest whereas the absolute value of the potential energy of pure Pt is the highest at the same conditions. The simulation also shows that as the percentage of Pt increases in Au-Pt alloys, the absolute value of potential energy increases at the same conditions.
Circulating Proteomic Profiles in Women with Morbid Obesity Compared to Normal-Weight Women
Authors: Bertran Laia , Rusu Elena Cristina , Guirro Maria , Aguilar Carmen , Auguet Teresa , Richart Cristóbal
Published: August 2024

In this study, we aimed to evaluate circulating proteomic levels in women with morbid obesity (MO) compared to normal-weight (NW) women. Moreover, we have compared the proteomic profile between women with metabolically healthy (MH) MO and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study included 66 normal-weight (NW) women and 129 women with MO (54 MH and 75 with T2DM). Blood samples were processed for proteomics, involving protein extraction, quantification, digestion with peptide labelling and NanoLC-(Orbitrap)MS/MS analysis. Statistical analyses were performed. We identified 257 proteins. Women with MO showed significantly increased levels of 35 proteins and decreased levels of 45 proteins compared to NW women. Enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways revealed significant findings. Women with MO have an altered proteomic profile compared to normal-weight women, involving proteins significantly related to chylomicron assembly, complement cascade, clotting pathways and the insulin growth factor system. Regarding women with MO and T2DM compared to MHMO women, the proteomic profile shows alterations in mostly the same pathways associated with obesity. These findings confirmed in previous reports can help us better understand the pathophysiology of obesity and associated diseases.