bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of investigation of the crimes with dissemination of NRM in the environment
Authors: Nitrean A I , Stebelkov V A
Published: November 2020

The crimes, which involve dissemination of NRM microparticles in the environment, are one of the possible types of terrorist attacks. These crimes aim to contaminate as large a territory as possible with radioactive particles and to irradiate as many people as possible. Therefore, they assume the dissemination in environment of NMR particles with sizes of about one micrometer. A full-scale investigation of such incidents includes the collection of environmental samples on the incident area and analysis of the collected NRM microparticles. Sampling at the scene of the incident should be carried out by an investigative team, including both law enforcement officials and NRM specialists. To determine the manufacturer of the disseminated material and the date of production of the material, the microparticles should be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Data on the informativeness of the morphological characteristics of microparticles, on the capabilities of methods for measuring the concentration of chemical elements in microparticles and on the accuracy of determining the isotopic composition of uranium are presented.
Bioassay of radioactive water contamination using duckweed Lemna minor and Spirodella polyrrhiza: experimental justification
Authors: Artamonova A A , Baldov D A , Mirzeabasov O A , Rasskazova M M , Synzynys B I , Shatalova R O
Published: November 2020

Experimental data on assessing the impact of acute gamma irradiation on growth parameters and the nature of damage to fronds of Lemna minor L. and Spirodella polyrrhiza L. is presented. An actuality of the study is determined by the need to identify radiosensitive species for their use as reference species. In this work, radiosensitivity of two species of duckweed was determined through different biological parameters. It is found that the growth parameters of Lemna minor L. are possible to use to assess the degree of radioactive contamination.
Methodology for assessing the impact of lead on farm animals under chronic intake with the ration
Authors: Mirzoev E B
Published: November 2020

The methodology for assessing the impact of lead on farm animals under chronic intake with the ration is based on the lead metabolism and mechanism of biological action. When assessing the impact of lead, the environmental and epizootic situations, as well as the health of farm animals at different levels of biological organization: cell – organ – organism – population are studied. According to the results of environmental and epizootic studies the acting and concomitant factors, the scope of pollution, levels of contamination of soil, drinking water and feeds, the duration of lead intake with the ration into farm animal are determined. Under assessment of the animals health, along with the biomarkers “exposure” and “effect”, generally established clinical, hematological and biochemical indicators are determined. If necessary, the morphological state of organs and tissues (liver, kidneys, spleen, bone marrow, heart, lungs) is studied. The presented methodology will allow us to more correctly assessing the impact of lead on farm animals in environmentally disadvantaged regions.
Main principles of robust Industrial Hygienic Monitoring Program at Pharmaceutical Production
Authors: Pozharnov I , Frantskevich E , Zhiltcov P
Published: November 2020

Producing life-changing medicines that patients need we must remember about our employees. Exposure assessment is a critical step in the chemical risk assessment process and must be evaluated based on the conditions at each specific facility, task or setting. An appropriately made estimate of potential exposure is the link between hazard identification and decisions about controls in the risk management approach. Exposure assessment may be qualitative, quantitative or a mixture of both. Qualitative means a study based on observation and indicative techniques to identify steps where there is potential for exposure. A quantitative study is based on measurements. But any quantitative study will be supported by qualitative as it is required by proper observation of the process.
Heavy metals in the snow cover in the area of the location of the Russian electrometallurgical plant LLC “NLMK-Kaluga”
Authors: Kurbakov D N , Kuznetsov V K , Sidorova H V , Andreeva N V , Sarukhanov A V , Nushtaeva V E
Published: November 2020

The object of the study was the snow cover in the 30 km zone of influence of the electrometallurgical plant LLC NLMK-Kaluga. As a result of the research, the polyelement composition of the solid fraction, dust load, influx of heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Zn Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cu, Cd), concentration factors and total indicators of contamination with heavy metals, as well as the cationic and anionic composition of thawed snow cover waters. It has been established that the intensity of snow cover pollution depends on the direction and distance from the source of pollution. The maximum effect of technogenic impact up to 8 times relative to background values was observed in the near 2 km zone. With increasing distance to 16 km, the dust load decreases and does not exceed 1.5 times. According to the research results, factors influencing the intensity of snow cover pollution have been established.
Personal protective equipment screening efficiency depends on power frequency electric field exposure conditions
Authors: Perov S Yu , Belaya O V , Konshina T A , Askerova S A
Published: November 2020

One of the main occupational factors of switchyard and overhead power lines is the power frequency electric field. The most optimal method provides safe occupational conditions (power frequency electric field levels lower maximum permissible) is using personal protective equipment. The aim of the research was personal protective equipment screening efficiency assessment under various work conditions. Two methods were used: indirect IEC 60895-2002 method measuring currents and direct GOST 12.4.172-2019 method measuring power frequency electric field strength. Screening efficiency assessment was carried out on two high-voltage laboratory test setup and in real work conditions on switchyard using human body phantoms. Data analysis showed high sensitivity of IEC 60895-2002 method in the case vertical position of human body phantom, and less sensitivity this method in the case horizontal position compared to the direct method. There were significant differences between screening factors were measured by two methods. Research results confirm screening factor changing to 60 dB in new GOST 12.4.172-2019 to comply with international requirements.
Induction of chromosome aberrations in B14-150 cells following carbon ions irradiation at low doses
Authors: Troshina M V , Koryakina E V , Potetnya V I , Koryakin S N , Pikalov V A , Antipov M Yu
Published: November 2020

Dose-dependences of the chromosomal aberrations induction in B14-150 cells were studied for carbon ions (E ∼455 MeV/nucleon) with different values of the linear energy transfer (LET): 10-12 keV/μm (proximal region of the Bragg curve - plateau) and 25-27 keV/μm (tail of the Bragg curve). It is shown that the level of chromosome aberrations was higher for irradiation at tail of carbon beam. The dose relations were described by a modified linear-quadratic model and had a similar character in the studied dose range of 0.05-2.5 Gy. A sharp increase of the chromosome aberrations yield at the dose range up to 0.1 Gy (hyper-radiosensitivity, HRS), slowdown in it at the range of 0.1-0.3 Gy (induced radioresistance, IRR) and a further its’ growth above 0.3 Gy were observed with a transformation to linear and linear-quadratic dependences. The results obtained agree with the known literature data and indicates the likeness of the biological effect of hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance (HRS/IRR) for different cell lines.
A review of climate-change impact and adaptation studies for the water sector in Thailand
Authors: Kiguchi Masashi , Takata Kumiko , Hanasaki Naota , Archevarahuprok Boonlert , Champathong Adisorn , Ikoma Eiji , Jaikaeo Chaiporn , Kaewrueng Sudsaisin , Kanae Shinjiro , Kazama So , Kuraji Koichiro , Matsumoto Kyoko , Nakamura Shinichiro , Nguyen-Le Dzung , Noda Keigo , Piamsa-Nga Napaporn , Raksapatcharawong Mongkol , Rangsiwanichpong Prem , Ritphring Sompratana , Shirakawa Hiroaki , Somphong Chatuphorn , Srisutham Mallika , Suanburi Desell , Suanpaga Weerakaset , Tebakari Taichi , Trisurat Yongyut , Udo Keiko , Wongsa Sanit , Yamada Tomohito , Yoshida Koshi , Kiatiwat Thanya , Oki Taikan
Published: November 2020

Thailand plays a central economic and policy-making role in Southeast Asia. Although climate change adaptation is being mainstreamed in Thailand, a well-organized overview of the impacts of climate change and potential adaptation measures has been unavailable to date. Here we present a comprehensive review of climate-change impact studies that focused on the Thai water sector, based on a literature review of six sub-sectors: riverine hydrology, sediment erosion, coastal erosion, forest hydrology, agricultural hydrology, and urban hydrology. Our review examined the long-term availability of observational data, historical changes, projected changes in key variables, and the availability of economic assessments and their implications for adaptation actions. Although some basic hydrometeorological variables have been well monitored, specific historical changes due to climate change have seldom been detected. Furthermore, although numerous future projections have been proposed, the likely changes due to climate change remain unclear due to a general lack of systematic multi-model and multi-scenario assessments and limited spatiotemporal coverage of the study area. Several gaps in the research were identified, and ten research recommendations are presented. While the information contained herein contributes to state-of-the-art knowledge on the impact of climate change on the water sector in Thailand, it will also benefit other countries on the Indochina Peninsula with a similar climate.
Phosphorus fate, transport and management on subsurface drained agricultural organic soils: a review
Authors: Grenon Geneviève , Singh Bhesram , De Sena Aidan , Madramootoo Chandra A , von Sperber Christian , Goyal Manish Kumar , Zhang Tiequan
Published: November 2020

Large quantities of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer are often applied to intensively cultivated organic soils. Although erosion and runoff can contribute to loss of P, the large amount of fertilizer applied causes a rapid build-up of this nutrient, resulting in the downward movement of excess P in the soil profile and subsequent loss through tile drainage water. For arable organic soils, these losses often occur through subsurface tile drains, a common requirement to maintain a favorable air–water balance in the crop root zone, as well as to prevent soil subsidence. As such, subsurface drainage is a major pathway for agricultural P loss, contributing to persistent eutrophication of rivers, lakes, and estuaries globally. Although studies have been conducted on P mitigation within organic soils, application of drainage water management (DWM) as a P mitigation strategy in these soils, has not been extensively studied. The objective of this paper is to address this gap in knowledge by reviewing previous studies on P losses from subsurface drained agricultural organic soils while evaluating potential mitigation strategies. Specifically, this paper assesses the unique properties of organic soils that could influence P fate and transport, such as the distribution of P pools within the soil pools; variable pore geometry, hydrophobicity, and shrinkage; P loads exiting tile drains; and DWM practices in mitigating P losses. It is concluded that P retention is affected by the dynamic nature of soil water movement in organic soils and that substantial P loads enter surrounding water bodies via subsurface drainage effluent. There is evidence that DWM is an effective best management practice in the abatement of subsurface P losses.
Adaptive Neural Tracking Control for an Autonomous Azimuthing Stern Drive (ASD) Tug
Authors: How Bernard Voon Ee , Jin Yuting , Yiew Lucas J , Liu Daniel , Magee Allan R
Published: November 2020

The ASD tug is considered the modern habour tug due to its versatility in performing a wide variety of tugging/towing operations. With the advent of autonomous systems and desire to improve operations, there are benefits to automating the tug operations. Under different operating environments, there could be uncertainties in the model and the disturbance from the environment significant enough to affect the performance and control of the tug. In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking a desired trajectory for an autonomous ASD tug in the presence of uncertainties and unknown disturbances. The numerical modelling of an ASD tug based on a modified 4-DoF MMG model is first presented. The modified Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG) model is then used to design a model based backstepping control. Thereafter, a adaptive neural network approximator is introduced which has the capability to account for uncertainties and unknown disturbance. The combination of approximation-based and backstepping design techniques allows us to handle time-varying model uncertainties. Stability analysis is carried out for the control design via Lyapunov analysis. Simulation are carried out for the tracking of maneuvering motion paths to demonstrate the performance of proposed approach.
Impact of cyber risk on the safety of the MilliAmpere2 Autonomous Passenger Ship
Authors: Amro Ahmed , Kavallieratos Georgios , Louzis Konstantinos , Thieme Christoph A.
Published: November 2020

The digitalization of the maritime sector is continuously growing, leading to increased automation, such as, the development of autonomous vessels. The Autonomous Passenger Ship (APS) is a characteristic instantiation of this development, aiming to transport people on urban waterways. Although emerging technologies deployed in such APS aim to facilitate the functions and operations of the navigation and communication systems, various safety and security risks are inherent to the communication infrastructure due to their interconnectivity. The aim of this work is to study the safety and cyber security of the communication system of an APS, namely the MilliAmpere2 APS. The six step model (SSM) is utilized to facilitate the joint analysis. The application of the SSM enables, among others, the capturing of relationships between cyber attacks and component failures, the assessment of safety and cyber security countermeasures, as well as, the synergies between them. It has been found that most countermeasures in both categories are reinforcing or are conditionally dependent on each other, while few antagonize each another. These findings will allow for improved design and implementation of integrated safety and security management solutions.
AEGIS: Advanced, efficient and green intermodal systems
Authors: Rødseth Ørnulf Jan , Psaraftis Harilaos N. , Krause Stefan , Raakjær Jesper , Coelho Nelson F.
Published: November 2020

The European maritime transport policy recognizes the importance of the waterborne transport systems as key elements for sustainable growth in Europe. A major goal is to transfer more than 50% of road transport to rail or waterways within 2050. However, waterways are at a disadvantage as they normally depend on transhipment and land transport to and from final destination. To meet this challenge we need a completely new approach to short sea and inland waterways shipping in Europe. This needs to include ships as well as ports and the digital information exchanges between them. A key element in this is automation of ships, ports and administrative tasks. The AEGIS project has been funded by the EU Commission to develop new knowledge and technology to address this challenge.
Natural Component in the Plan Composition Formation of Moscow Historical Settlements
Authors: Degtereva L , Degtereva S
Published: November 2020

The natural component in the formation of the historical settlements’ plan composition (on the example of the Moscow city) is studied in the article. A scientist Kudryavtsev believes that the main technique in the Russian medieval architects’ arsenal was the reception of the buildings’ location similarity, planning elements and compositional accents to the location of vegetation types on relief elements. This thesis was taken into account during conducting research on the subject to make a historical documentary compositional analysis of urban planning content - Petrov Drawing. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the drawing’s organic geometry of the Moscow 16th century plan, combined with the modern plan to confirm the truth of the town-documentary planning. In this research option, the combination of the compositional structural analysis’ method, which is typical for the art study, and the environmental approach, adopted to address issues of urban planning, are optimal.
Drinking Water Preparation for Water Supply of Villages in the Arctic Region
Authors: Skolubovich Y , Voitov E , Tsybai A , Balchugov D , Belonogov D
Published: November 2020

Our scientific research aim was to develop a technological scheme for drinking water preparation, taking into account the natural waters quality and the water supply conditions of small populated areas in the Far North of Russia. Preliminary experimental studies’ results of a new treatment technology, carried out on a pilot installation in the production conditions of the Yakutia settlement with the natural water purification of the river Vilyuy are presented in the article. Studies of drinking water preparation technology, developed by NSUACE (Sibstrin), Novosibirsk, show that it ensures the drinking water quality that meets regulatory requirements, minimizes the cost of building and operating water treatment plants. The cleaning technology is as follows: the source water is supplied to the source water tank from a water supply source. Next, water is supplied to the electrochemical processing unit by the booster pump, consisting of two electrocoagulators. In the electrocoagulators, the aluminum electrodes slowly dissolve; aluminum hydroxide flakes are formed; sorbing impurities of iron; manganese and other contaminants from the treated water.
Mathematical models of filtering in an extended loading layer
Authors: Chirkunov Y , Skolubovich Y
Published: November 2020

The study of liquid or gas motion in a porous medium in the framework of classical models does not always adequately describe the real processes. This is due to the fact that in these models the presence of a non-stationary source is not taken into account. The same applies to the models of a filtering in the extended loading layer. For a more adequate description of the real processes of the filtering in the extended loading layer in the presence of a non-stationary source, we took the invariant submodels of a well-tested, adequately reflecting real processes without a source, Leibenzon model, to which we added a non-stationary source, which is singular at the initial time. Such sources are often found in a practice. We studied the invariant submodels of this model, which are described by exact solutions. We found their physical meaning. For particular values of the parameters that determine these submodels, a pressure distribution grafs are constructed.
The features of small rivers monitoring in the Russian cities (on the example of the Novosibirsk city)
Authors: Sineeva N
Published: November 2020

Attention to such natural objects as small rivers of the Russian cities is constantly growing. This is due to the desire of urban citizens to create recreational zones near their homes, the central place of which are sections of small rivers. It explains the need to expand the network of hydrological posts in the agglomeration, where observations of water quality indicators, hydrological regime, etc. provide important information for the creation and implementation of improvement projects for the territories under consideration. This article provides a small part of the necessary hydrological and environmental monitoring on the small river Eltsovka-2 in the city of Novosibirsk.
Effective modes of driving piles into seasonally frozen Soilt
Authors: Verstov V , Serebrennikov A , Khritankovi V
Published: November 2020

The disadvantage of this method is the additional costs of using drilling machines and disposal of soil, which also leads to an increase in labor costs and a decrease in work productivity. It is necessary to place an additional set of drilling equipment, an excavator and vehicles for soil removal at the construction site. The authors proposed a technology, when the piles are driven into the leader wells to the depth of the frozen soil to solve this problem. The wells are arranged by means of a thermal vibrolider, installed on the head of a pile driver, on its adjacent face with a pile hammer and moved along it with the help of guides under the cable transmission action. Thermovibrolider is made in the form of a cylindrical hollow rod with a tip, where a vibrating submer is installed. A heating coil is installed in the tip, and there are ribs along its lateral surface, used for cutting soil and breaking its solidity, but also for transferring additional heat to it, which leads to intensification of thawing processes. The presented technological solution makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reliability of the driving piles process into such soil by eliminating of pile shafts destruction during their immersion through the frozen layer, as well as reducing the values of the piles deviations in the planned position.
Quality of Organizational Processes Assessing in Modeling a Low-Rise Construction System Development
Authors: Ikonnikova A , Ikinnikov V , Panova A
Published: November 2020

Main difficulties, arising in the selection of a workers link, as well as changes in the parameters of the model, depending on the composition of the link in organizational and technological planning are discussed in this article. The results, obtained in the course of the study, are summarized in graphs. Variant modeling of the technological process complexes implementation consists in finding a variant of teams’ composition, taking into account their intra-team plans and combining them at the work fronts, where the indicators of production program (construction plan) will be the best one, according to a given criterion and restrictions on resources and conditions of the customer. Otherwise, construction period of the first option was 22.46 months: the duration of each subsequent house construction was 19.5 days longer than the previous one. In variants 2 and 3, this difference decreased to 14.5 days, and the total duration decreased by 4.88 months and amounted to 17.58 months.
Construction of functional relationships providing cross-polarization equivalence of electromagnetic scatterers
Authors: Soppa M
Published: November 2020

Impedance coatings of cylindrical bodies’ synthesis in order to achieve their cross-polarization equivalence (coincidence of scattering diagrams for E - and H - polarizations of the incident wave) are considered in the work. The stationary model of electrodynamics’ two-dimensional equations with modified boundary conditions is used in order to construct dual distributions pairs of surface impedance. Using the Green’s function, a transition is made to the system of integral equations in the framework of the boundary element method. The operators’ appeal of solutions to direct problems made it possible to obtain functional relationships for the distribution of surface impedance at various polarizations. This made it possible to provide required ratios between the norms of dual coatings.
History of Novonikolaevsk City Formation (1877–1905)
Authors: Navolotskaya A
Published: November 2020

The official date of the Novosibirsk (Novo-Nikolaevsk) city foundation, established in the early 1990s, was the result of an opportunistic ideological agreement between Soviet party and economic bodies, representatives of science and the public. The city formation was considered both in the event and in the legal aspect. The article is based on the terms, accepted in science: “foundation of a settlement” and “transformation of a settlement into a city”. In chronological order, based on archival sources, the main foundation stages of the settlement and its transformation into the city of Novo-Nikolaevsk are highlighted. The report contains irrefutable evidence regarding 1904, as the date of the Novo-Nikolaevsk city formation, the key role of Emperor Nicholas II and the heterogeneous population, in the process of the city formation and development. The restoration of historical truth by returning true dates, names and events should become the norm for other Russian cities, the return of its true history.
Modeling the Escrow Financing Influence on the Efficiency of Development Project
Authors: Chayetskiy A , Evdokimenko A , Kogan A
Published: November 2020

The influence of financing forms on the development projects effectiveness for the creation of apartment buildings are examined in the article. The financial model of the project of creating an apartment building (PC AB) in terms of escrow financing is described. This method of financing appeared in Russia recently as a result of amendments to the Federal Law dated 30.12.2004 No. 214-FL. The study aim is to analyze the impact on PC AB financial characteristics of banks requirements for the minimum investments volume of developers’ own funds in such projects. The calculations are based on the financial model of PC AB developed by the authors (it is described in the text, made according to the data of a specific PC AB in Novosibirsk). As the study result, a description of PC AB main financial results and indicators of its effectiveness was obtained for the traditional condition of escrow financing (investment by the developer of its own funds in the amount of more than 10% of PC AB cost) and for an alternative condition (investment less than 10%). It follows from the study that the bank’s softening of the requirement on the amount of developers’ investments leads to an increase in the efficiency of their investments, i.e. more active developers. Therefore, there is a potential for growth in banks’ incomes both by increasing the average loan amount and by increasing the number of loans.
Problems of investment and construction business in an innovative economy
Authors: Kaverzina L A , Cherutova M I , Nuzhina I P
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the current research is identification of problems that the investment and construction business faces in conditions of innovative economics. The urgent necessity to systematize these problems and find ways of their solution determined the relevance of the research. Using the methods of statistical processing of information, economic groups and logical analysis, the authors assessed innovative activity of enterprises, concluded that it was reduced, and pointed out the main problems of the investment and construction sphere. The problems include technological backwardness and low level of innovation, insufficient qualification of stuff, which is able to generate and introduce innovations in construction, and lack of attention of company management to the strategic aspects of innovation. The problem of investment and construction enterprises related to the restoration of business that suffered from pandemic is especially highlighted. These problems are closely related to the low level of investment in the innovative development of the construction business. Financing of the innovative activity is directly related to all participants of the innovative process. It is necessary to organize a clear mechanism for participants’ interaction. As a result, authors of the current research classified the participants of the innovative process in investment and construction business, determined their functions. The authors suppose that the problems of innovative financing are the most significant. In this connection, the problem of venture financing of the innovative activity is considered in more detail and solutions are offered.
Calculation of foundation platforms on degraded permafrost bases
Authors: Inzhutov I , Zhadanov Vr , Semenov M , Polyakov I , Nazirov R , Amelchugov S , Rozhkov A
Published: November 2020

In connection with degradation of permafrost soils, the issue of designing and building foundations is acutely raised, taking into account the possible thawing of the soil at the base of structures. A spatial foundation platform is less sensitive to deformations of the foundation soil due to the integral work of the structure, compared to other foundations. For this and a number of other reasons, the use of the platform is promising. As the main structural material in spatial foundation platforms, it is advisable to use engineering wood, because of its advantages in comparison with reinforced concrete and metal. The article presents some results of calculations of the foundation platform of the folded type. The COMSOL Multiphysics software package simulates the process of thermal degradation of the soil under the foundation platform caused by an increase in air temperature. As a result, the soil warming zone was established, which is necessary for the design of the foundation platform taking into account changing boundary conditions. Preliminary conclusions are made about the influence of the degradation of the frozen base on the stress-strain state and the structure of the foundation platform of the folded type.
Problem of stabilizing the nonlinear “seesaw” model object
Authors: Frantsuzova G A , Votrina O A , Meleshkin K N
Published: November 2020

The objective of this paper is to discuss the problem of stabilizing the nonlinear type of oscillatory objects. The object under research is “Seesaw” model object which has many interpretations with different physical properties and mathematical models. Such a construction is used in biomechanics for implementing the “natural” gait of a human simulating the knee joint, for instance. This object can be stabilized by well-known techniques such as relay control, transitions controller, PI-regulator and others. Such a model has a lot of nonlinearities that makes the process of constructing the mathematical model and designing the stabilizing system more complicated. One of “Seesaw” models that consists of a mass suspended by an inelastic fiber was stabilized by methods of maximizing and minimizing the domain of attraction. The results of calculating and simulating the object within its stabilizing system show that the object can be successfully stabilized by relay control in case of minimizing the domain of attraction. However, the case of maximizing the domain of attraction leads to opposite transient process.
Neural network implementation of controllers for multi-channel objects synthesized by polynomial method
Authors: Voevoda A , Shipagin V I
Published: November 2020

The implementation of neural network multichannel controllers synthesized by polynomial matrix decomposition is analysed. Objects and controllers are assumed to be linear; these allow them to be described by matrix transfer functions. The transfer function of the object is converted to the right polynomial matrix inter-simple decomposition. The transfer function of the controller is sought in the form of a left polynomial matrix of inter-simple decomposition that allows leading the characteristic matrix to the form of a linear matrix polynomial equation with two matrix indeterminates. This equation is solved by leading to a matrix equation with numeric matrix indeterminates. Then the controller equation is converted to a discrete equation. The discrete sampling step is chosen small enough to allow the systems with continuous and discrete controllers have sufficiently close transient processes. The discrete controller is converted to a structure including delay elements, adder units and amplification coefficients. Then this structure is presented in the form of a set of neurons. The operation of the algorithm is illustrated by the example of the synthesis of an unstable inverted pendulum control, which includes two PID controllers. Possible increases in neuro controller performance are demonstrated. Two PID controllers are combined into one neural network in order to further optimization.
Algorithm for regional clustering of road freight transport in the Russian Federation
Authors: Gavrilenko N G
Published: November 2020

The road transport system of the Russian Federation is a system for managing road freight transport, which includes three levels: the macro-level is the federal level of management, the meso-level is the regional level of management, and the micro-level is the level of a motor transport enterprise (transport subdivision). According to the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation, the system of road freight transport is faced with the tasks of increasing competitiveness, improving quality indicators, safety and environmental friendliness of transportation. Within the framework of this paper, the meso-level of management is considered, and the solution of the indicated tasks is seen through the formation of clusters. The study was based on a review of scientific literature, study of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the use of expert and logical methods, methods of description and analogy, as well as correlation analysis and mathematical optimization. The presented clustering algorithm made it possible to distinguish two groups of regions. The first group is a group of innovators, regions with the greatest opportunities for the implementation and dissemination of innovations. The regions of this group are the cores of clusters. The second group is a group of imitators, regions with less innovative potential. The regions were grouped around the cores according to geography and the dominant mode of transportation. As a result, seven regional clusters were obtained. Optimization measures are aimed at increasing the efficiency of management in the field of road freight transport and enhancing the development and dissemination of innovations at the meso-level.
Implementation of investment and construction projects as part of the interior image formation
Authors: Ovchinnikova S , Sekisov A , Shinkareva I , Schneider E , Tamoshkina E
Published: November 2020

A methodology for the functional and artistic image of the interior as part of the implementation of investment and construction projects for a two-room apartment in the Scottish style is developed in the paper. Pre-project analysis, concept of the project and the formation of the visual environment of the interior based on consumer preferences were carried out. The initial stage of the formation of the functional and artistic image of the interior is described in the pre-project study: the design environment was analyzed taking into account the lifestyle and preferences of the customer. The choice of the style of the space being developed was based on the terms of reference drawn up together with the customers. The Scottish style was identified as a style solution. The aesthetic harmonization of the interior space was developed on the basis of the chosen style. The composition of the space of the room is focused on the organization of the main living areas of residents, hence the layout of the apartment was formed. The basis for the design methods for the functional and artistic image of the interior in the framework of the implementation of investment and construction projects for living space is based on the analog method. The additional methods are the method of getting used to the role, the method of aggregation and the piece method. The Autodesk 3ds MAX information environment has become a means of visual implementation of the interior. The choice of the program was based on realistic visualizations of the interior space. The planning solution of the developed environment was carried out in the ARCHICAD information environment. For high-quality preparation of textures, the Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW graphic editors were used.
On Possible Security Risks of Contract Tenders for Developers
Authors: Uskov V , Shariapova E , Ivanova A
Published: November 2020

Today, electronic processes of various types, including tenders and bidding, gain more relevance in the era of digital economy and informational technologies. Tender is a relatively recent procedure, though it is already undergoing changes. New ways to conduct tenders and bidding procedures are driven by urge for efficiency. The authors try to elicit the efficiency element for developers that participate in bidding auctions for development of built-up areas, integrated urban development and construction of standard housing. The paper pinpoints the possible risks, which may occur if procedure rules, including electronic tenders, are failed to comply with. The authors attempt to protect and maintain regulations for tenders that are to be held according to the law. Underdeveloped and haphazard regulatory framework may place national security in jeopardy. Thus, the work considers options to prevent and curb possible threats.
Bioinert coatings of Ti-Ta-N for medical implants obtained by electric explosion spraying and subsequent electron-ion-plasma modification
Authors: Romanov Denis A , Sosonin Kirill V , Pronin Sergei Yu , Moskovskii Stanislav V , Gromov Victor E , Bataev Vladimir A , Ivanov Yuriy F , Semin Alexander P
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the research was to form a Ti-Ta-N- system bioinert coating on Ti6Al4V alloy surface as well as to study its structure and properties. The main contribution of the research is in the following. Electro-explosion spraying of tantalum coating on VT6 titanium alloy surface was pioneered in the research. After that the processing of the coating by low-energy high-current electron beam and subsequent nitriding was carried out in a single technological cycle. It has been established that a nanocrystalline coating based on tantalum, nitrogen and titanium was formed as a result of the technological operations. The phase composition of the coatings has been detected. The variations in crystal lattice parameters being formed in coating of phases and coherent scallering regions of these phases depending on power density of electron beam have been determined. Structural characteristics of the coatings at nano- and microlevel have been detected. Tests of coatings for nanohardness, the Young modulus, wear resistance and friction factor have been carried out. By all technical characteristics Ti-Ta-N-system coating exceeds titanium of VT6 grade. The cause of the increase in mechanical characteristics of the Ti-Ta-N-system coating is their nanostructural state and strengthening phases. Tests for proliferation activity of fibroplasts and antimicrobial activity have shown better results in comparison with VT6 titanium alloy as well. It is due to escape of vanadium ions from VT6 alloy into nutrient cell medium and their destructive effect on cell cultures. Variations in proliferation and antimicrobial activity develop due to amplification of cell proliferation. A complex of the obtained characteristics makes it possible to recommend Ti-Ta-N-system coating for its application as a bioinert coating on different implants in furure.
The intrinsic axon regenerative properties of mature neurons after injury
Authors: Liu Chunfeng , Liu Jinlian , Liu Chaoqun , Zhou Qing , Zhou Yaodong , Zhang Boyin , Saijilafu
Published: November 2020

Thousands of nerve injuries occur in the world each year. Axon regeneration is a very critical process for the restoration of the injured nervous system’s function. However, the precise molecular mechanism or signaling cascades that control axon regeneration are not clearly understood, especially in mammals. Therefore, there is almost no ideal treatment method to repair the nervous system’s injury until now. Mammalian axonal regeneration requires multiple signaling pathways to coordinately regulate gene expression in soma and assembly of the cytoskeleton protein in the growth cone. A better understanding of their molecular mechanisms, such as axon regeneration regulatory signaling cascades, will be helpful in developing new treatment strategies for promoting axon regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on describing these regeneration-associated signaling cascades, which regulate axon regeneration.
Reduction of phone interruptions post implementation of a central call center in community pharmacies of an academic health system
Authors: Caffiero Nicole A , Nickman Nancy A , Drews Frank A , King Jordan B , Moorman Krystal , Tyler Linda S
Published: November 2020

Purpose

A pharmacy services call center (PSCC) was implemented to centralize pharmacy phone calls and reduce interruptions of dispensing activities in 7 community pharmacies of an academic health center. An evaluation was conducted to define, quantify, and compare the numbers and types of phone interruptions before and 3 months after PSCC implementation.

Methods

Through structured, direct observation of pharmacy staff, the numbers and types of “breaks in task” (BIT) due to phone interruptions and other distractions were identified. A standardized data collection tool formatted on tablet computers was used by trained observers to document BIT for 3-hour time blocks on 5 consecutive business days (2 days of pharmacist observation and 3 days of technician observation, for a total of 10 observation days per pharmacy).

Results

Over 5,000 prescriptions were processed during 414 hours of observation (13.3 prescriptions per observation hour). Overall, BIT due to phone interruptions totaled 2.2 BIT per observation hour, with those interruptions reduced by 46.4% overall after PSCC implementation (by 30.0% in 4 small pharmacies and by 57.5% in 3 large pharmacies). Technicians were more likely than pharmacists to be interrupted by phone vs nonphone BIT (eg, distraction by another technician, pharmacist, or patient). Comparison of phone vs nonphone BIT suggested an overall 46.0% reduction in phone BIT in all pharmacies (reductions of 42.4% and 45.0% in large and small pharmacies, respectively).

Conclusion

PSCC implementation noticeably decreased the amount of phone interruptions and distractions for employees.
The arbitrability of civil fraud in India: analysing the Supreme Court of India’s decision in Avitel Post Studioz Ltd
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sayantan , Ranawat Moksh
Published: November 2020

The arbitrability of civil fraud under Indian jurisprudence had been a victim of vaguely worded and scattered tests for a considerable period of time. In its recent decision in Avitel Post Studioz Ltd v HSBC PI Holdings (Mauritius) Ltd., the Supreme Court of India finally put the uncertainties regarding the matter to rest by harmonizing the existing law on it and crystallizing the ‘public flavour’ standard. According to this standard, allegations of fraud which find their roots in civil law and have no public considerations shall now be considered arbitrable in India. The judgment also clarified the impact that parallel criminal proceedings based on the same set of facts would have on the arbitrability of the civil aspects of such fraud, bringing necessary clarity to the erstwhile regime. In this article, we explore the implications of this judgment in detail, highlighting its relevance for arbitration in India, and how it impacts the jurisprudential position on the arbitrability of fraud in the country.
Comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis workflows: COVID-19 case study
Authors: Agapito Giuseppe , Pastrello Chiara , Jurisica Igor
Published: November 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak due to the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been classified as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization on the 12th March 2020. This world-wide crisis created an urgent need to identify effective countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2. In silico methods, artificial intelligence and bioinformatics analysis pipelines provide effective and useful infrastructure for comprehensive interrogation and interpretation of available data, helping to find biomarkers, explainable models and eventually cures. One class of such tools, pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) methods, helps researchers to find possible key targets present in biological pathways of host cells that are targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Since many software tools are available, it is not easy for non-computational users to choose the best one for their needs. In this paper, we highlight how to choose the most suitable PEA method based on the type of COVID-19 data to analyze. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of PEA techniques and the tools that implement them.
A Bayesian linear mixed model for prediction of complex traits
Authors: Hai Yang , Wen Yalu
Published: November 2020

Motivation

Accurate disease risk prediction is essential for precision medicine. Existing models either assume that diseases are caused by groups of predictors with small-to-moderate effects or a few isolated predictors with large effects. Their performance can be sensitive to the underlying disease mechanisms, which are usually unknown in advance.

Results

We developed a Bayesian linear mixed model (BLMM), where genetic effects were modelled using a hybrid of the sparsity regression and linear mixed model with multiple random effects. The parameters in BLMM were inferred through a computationally efficient variational Bayes algorithm. The proposed method can resemble the shape of the true effect size distributions, captures the predictive effects from both common and rare variants, and is robust against various disease models. Through extensive simulations and the application to a whole-genome sequencing dataset obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiatives, we have demonstrated that BLMM has better prediction performance than existing methods and can detect variables and/or genetic regions that are predictive.

Availabilityand implementation

The R-package is available at https://github.com/yhai943/BLMM.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.