bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Glance Patterns under Distraction in Level 2 Automated Driving
Authors: Yang Shiyan , Kuo Jonny , Lenné Michael G.
Published: February 2021

This paper investigated individual differences in attentional strategies during the non-driving-related tasks in Level 2 automated driving. Ward’s method was used to cluster participants into different groups according to the characteristics of their sequential off-road glances in the email-sorting task: duration, frequency, variance, and intensity. The clustering results showed two types of sequential off-road glance patterns in distracted Level 2 driving: infrequent long glances vs. frequent short glances. However, participants in the two groups showed similar workload, driving engagement, and email-sorting accuracy. They also reported similar feelings of safety and feedback about the Level 2 vehicle automation. The glance differences demonstrated the complexity of attentional strategies among individual drivers, which is a necessary aspect of driver state to be monitored in automated driving.
Soda Machine and User Experience: A Study of Icon Display
Authors: Puglisi Vera , Ghorbani Jasmine , Chen Yan , Nyagisere Manuel , Babalola Grace , Smith Tianqi “Tenchi” Gao
Published: February 2021

Touch-screen GUIs have become a key feature of modern consumer electronics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect that reducing the number of icons on the GUI of a popular soda machine has on drink selection time and user satisfaction. Twenty subjects participated in the study, with 10 assigned to the control and experimental groups respectively. Time to make a drink selection was recorded and compared between groups using unpaired t-test. User satisfaction was measured using a five-point scale questionnaire. The results suggested that user satisfaction, except for the display dependability category, is not affected by the reduction of the number of icons on the soda machine GUI and no change was observed in drink selection time.
Investigating a Virtual Reality-based Emergency Response Scenario and Intelligent User Interface for First Responders
Authors: Spain Randall , Saville Jason , Lui Barry , Slack Donia , Hill Edward , Holloway John , Norswothy Sarah , Mott Bradford , Lester James
Published: February 2021

Because advances in broadband capabilities will soon allow first responders to access and use many forms of data when responding to emergencies, it is becoming critically important to design heads-up displays to present first responders with information in a manner that does not induce extraneous mental workload or cause undue interaction errors. Virtual reality offers a unique medium for envisioning and testing user interface concepts in a realistic and controlled environment. In this paper, we describe a virtual reality-based emergency response scenario that was designed to support user experience research for evaluating the efficacy of intelligent user interfaces for firefighters. We describe the results of a usability test that captured firefighters’ feedback and reactions to the VR scenario and the prototype intelligent user interface that presented them with task critical information through the VR headset. The paper concludes with lessons learned from our development process and a discussion of plans for future research.
Prenatal Substance Exposure and Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Austin Anna E. , Gest Caitlin , Atkeson Alexandra , Berkoff Molly C. , Puls Henry T. , Shanahan Meghan E.
Published: February 2021

State and federal policies regarding substance use in pregnancy, specifically whether a notification to child protective services is required, continue to evolve. To inform practice, policy, and future research, we sought to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing literature regarding the association of prenatal substance exposure with child maltreatment. We conducted a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CHINAL, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts. We identified 30 studies that examined the association of exposure to any/multiple substances, cocaine, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, and amphetamine/methamphetamine with child maltreatment. Overall, results indicated that substance exposed infants have an increased likelihood of child protective services involvement, maternal self-reported risk of maltreatment behaviors, hospitalizations and clinic visits for suspected maltreatment, and adolescent retrospective self-report of maltreatment compared to unexposed infants. While study results suggest an association of prenatal substance exposure with child maltreatment, there are several methodological considerations that have implications for results and interpretation, including definitions of prenatal substance exposure and maltreatment, study populations used, and potential unmeasured confounding. As each may bias study results, careful interpretation and further research are warranted to appropriately inform programs and policy.
Persistence and Potential Lethality in Intimate Partner Violence: Evaluating the Concurrent and Predictive Validity of a Dual Risk Assessment Protocol
Authors: Williams Kirk R. , Stansfield Richard , Campbell Jacquelyn
Published: February 2021

This study seeks to determine the concurrent and predictive validity of a dual risk assessment protocol. It combines the risk of persistence in intimate partner violence (IPV) measured via the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument–Revised (DVSI-R) with supplemental items from the Danger Risk Assessment (DRA) bearing on the risk of potential lethality. We further test whether this assessment protocol reproduces disparities by race and ethnicity found in the larger population. Using a sample of 4,665 IPV male defendants with a female victim, analyses support both types of criterion validity. The DRA risk score is associated with felony charges, incarceration at the initial arrest, and the frequency of subsequent dangerous behavior. Results also suggest minimal predictive bias or disparate impact by race and ethnicity. Incorporating supplemental items bearing on potential lethality risk adds important information concerning the risk management strategies of those involved in IPV.
Robotic chemotherapy compounding: A multicenter productivity approach
Authors: Riestra Ana C , López-Cabezas Carmen , Jobard Marion , Campo Mertxe , Tamés María J , Marín Ana M , Brandely-Piat Marie L , Carcelero-San Martín Esther , Batista Rui , Cajaraville Gerardo
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study is to compare productivity of the KIRO Oncology compounding robot in three hospital pharmacy departments and identify the key factors to predict and optimize automatic compounding time.

Methods

The study was conducted in three hospitals. Each hospital compounding workload and workflow were analyzed. Data from the robotic compounding cycles from August 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively obtained. Nine cycle specific parameters and five productivity indicators were analysed in each site. One-to-one differences between hospitals were evaluated. Next, a correlation analysis between cycle specific factors and productivity indicators was conducted; the factors presenting a highest correlation to automatic compounding time were used to develop a multiple regression model (afterwards validated) to predict the automatic compounding time.

Results

A total of 2795 cycles (16367 preparations) were analysed. Automatic compounding time showed a relevant positive correlation (ǀrs|>0.40) with the number of preparations, number of vials and total volume per cycle. Therefore, these cycle specific parameters were chosen as independent variables for the mathematical model. Considering cycles lasting 40 minutes or less, predictability of the model was high for all three hospitals (R2:0.81; 0.79; 0.72).

Conclusion

Workflow differences have a remarkable incidence in the global productivity of the automated process. Total volume dosed for all preparations in a cycle is one of the variables with greater influence in automatic compounding time. Algorithms to predict automatic compounding time can be useful to help users in order to plan the cycles launched in KIRO Oncology.
“I Would Report It Even If They Have Not Committed Anything”: Social Service Students’ Attitudes Toward Minor-Attracted People
Authors: Walker Allyn , Butters Robert P. , Nichols Erin
Published: February 2021

This study explores future mental health providers’ assumptions about minor-attracted people, using data from a survey of 200 students preparing for entry into social service professions at a public university in the state of Utah. Survey results show that more than half of the students believe clients who identify themselves as pedophiles must be automatically reported to the police, which has implications for providers’ understandings about the term “pedophile,” as well as their knowledge of guidelines for when clinicians may break client confidentiality. This belief was not significantly affected by taking ethics courses, nor courses that discussed mandated reporting guidelines. Despite this finding, 91% of students did not believe that they would need to report a client who had attractions to children, but who had never committed a sexual offense against a child. The majority of students indicated a willingness to work with minor-attracted clients, and commonly indicated in comments that they wanted more information about MAPs and when to break client confidentiality in their programs of study. Study results indicate a need for education among social service students about these issues.
Palmitoylethanolamide: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats
Authors: Deshmukh Narendra S. , Gumaste Shailesh , Subah Silma , Bogoda Nathasha Omal
Published: February 2021

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous ethanolamine playing a protective and homeodynamic role in animals and plants. Prenatal developmental toxicity of PEA was tested following oral administration to pregnant female Wistar rats, from days 0 to 19 of gestation, at dosage of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg body weight, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 414. On gestation day 20, cesarean sections were performed on the dams, followed by examination of their ovaries and uterine contents. The fetuses were further examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Palmitoylethanolamide did not cause any alterations at any of the given dosages in the measured maternal parameters of systemic toxicity (body weight, food consumption, survival, thyroid functions, organ weight, histopathology), reproductive toxicity (preimplantation and postimplantation losses, uterus weight, number of live/dead implants and early/late resorptions, litter size and weights, number of fetuses, their sex ratio), and fetal external, visceral, or skeletal observations. Any alterations that were recorded were “normal variations” or “minor anomalies,” which were unrelated to treatment with PEA. Under the condition of this prenatal study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of PEA for maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats was found to be >1,000 mg/kg body weight/d. It indicates that PEA is well tolerated by and is safe to pregnant rats even at a high dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight/d, equivalent to a human dose of greater than 9.7 g/d. This prenatal developmental toxicity study contributes greatly in building a robust safety profile for PEA.
Effects of Behavioral and Functional Training on Japanese Preschool Teacher Knowledge and Child Behavior
Authors: Inoue Masahiko , Inoue Naho
Published: February 2021

We conducted a school-wide training for Japanese preschool teachers based on the behavioral and functional approach to children with problem behaviors. Twenty-five Japanese teachers at a kindergarten and nursery school participated in the program, attending six training sessions and four case-study meetings. The training sessions consisted of (a) lectures on behavioral and functional approaches and (b) group work to develop individual support plans. Following training, improvement was seen in both teachers’ knowledge of applied behavior analysis as well as children’s behaviors targeted in the training plans. In addition, the overall behavior of the children improved, and the postprogram questionnaire showed that participants’ satisfaction and acceptance were high. A case-study meeting had been maintained weekly at both schools for 1 year. Although these results are promising, the current investigation has limitations, and the results should be interpreted with caution.
Associations between early neutering, obesity, outdoor access, trauma and feline degenerative joint disease
Authors: Maniaki Evangelia , Murrell Jo , Langley-Hobbs Sorrel J , Blackwell Emily J
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The aim of this case-control study was to identify early-life risk factors associated with the occurrence of owner-reported mobility changes in 6-year-old cats by examining prospective data from a longitudinal cohort study of pet cats, the Bristol Cats study.

Methods

Data on potential risk factors were obtained from seven sequential questionnaires completed between the ages of 2–4 months and 5 years. Mobility-related questions from the study questionnaire distributed at the age of 6 years were used to calculate each cat’s mobility score. Cats with mobility scores of ⩾2 and 0 were allocated to the case and control groups, respectively, and the cat’s status was the outcome variable.

Results

Of the 799 cats included for analysis, 238 (29.8%) had owner-reported mobility changes. Binomial logistic regression using backwards elimination identified four risk factors for owner-reported mobility changes at 6 years of age: entire neuter status at 6 months of age (odds ratio [OR] 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–3.07), sustained trauma before 6 years of age (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.30–2.60), outdoor access at 6 years of age (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.96–2.90) and overweight/obese status at 6 years of age (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.13–2.33).

Conclusions and relevance

Risk factor analysis demonstrated that obesity, outdoor access and a history of trauma may predispose cats to developing owner-reported mobility changes associated with degenerative joint disease, whereas neutering before 6 months of age appears to decrease that risk.
Trans-scleral plugs scleral fixation IOL and penetrating keratoplasty to restore vision in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: de Angelis Lorenzo , Barca Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao , Di Leo Laura , Oliverio Leandro , Caporossi Tomaso
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To report the surgical outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and sutureless scleral fixation (SSF) using Carlevale Lens (Soleko) combined procedure to solve corneal failure and aphakia in vitrectomized eyes and discuss eventual advantages of this new approach.

Methods:

Two patients underwent primary wound repair and pars plana vitrectomy after a penetrating ocular trauma and were referred to the author’s clinic. The PKP and SSF-Carlevale lens implantation were performed under retrobulbar anesthesia. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded, intraocular lens positioning was evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and endothelial cell density was determined using an endothelial microscope. Both patients completed 12 months follow-up.

Results:

The surgery was performed without intraoperative complications. After 1 month, the lens was fixed well, and the graft showed no sign of rejection. At the last visit after 12 months, the corneal graft remained transparent with good endothelial cell density in both cases; conjunctival scarring or inflammation and plugs externalization did not occur during follow-ups. Best-corrected visual acuity was 4/10 Snellen in the first case, while in the second case, we witnessed a limited visual recovery of 1/20 Snellen due to retinal issues.

Conclusion:

We report the feasibility of secondary IOL implantation using Carlevale with penetrating keratoplasty. The relative of ease of Carlevale lens implantation through the transscleral plugs reduces the open globe length resulting in a safer procedure, especially for vitrectomized eyes.
Effect of smoking on the macula and optic nerve integrity using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Aboud Safaa Awad-Allah , Hammouda Layla Mohamed , Saif Mohamed Yasser Said , Ahmed Samar Said
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To investigate the effect of chronic smoking on the macula and optic nerve integrity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:

This prospective, comparative study involved the right eyes of 160 healthy subjects (80 smokers group, and 80 control group). OCTA scanning was performed for all subjects. All macular subfields thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, superficial and deep macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and the macular outer retina flow area, were measured and analyzed.

Results:

The thickness of some macular subfields, inferior GCC, and RNFL was statistically significantly lower in the smokers’ group ( p  < 0.05). The FAZ area was 0.409  ± 0.048 mm2 in the smokers' group and 0.327  ± 0.055 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001). The superficial foveal VD was 31.35  ± 5.79% in the smokers’ group and 33.63  ± 4.78% in the control group ( p  = 0.06). The deep foveal VD was 39.38  ± 4.56% in the smokers’ group and 34.15  ± 6.57% in the control group ( p  ≤ 0.001). The superficial and deep parafoveal VD was 52.09  ± 4.56% and 59.99  ± 2.25% respectively in the smokers’ group, and 54.75  ± 2.30% and 55.58  ± 4.69% respectively in the control group ( p  < 0.05). The macular outer retina flow area was 1.29  ± 0.12 mm2 in the smokers’ group and 1.16  ± 0.11 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Chronic smoking affected the integrity of the macula and optic nerve. It decreased the macular VD, enlarged the FAZ, and increased outer retinal flow area.
Peripherally inserted central catheter versus totally implanted venous port for delivering medium- to long-term chemotherapy: A cost-effectiveness analysis based on propensity score matching
Authors: Wang Kairong , Zhou Yingfeng , Huang Na , Lu Zhenqi , Zhang Xiaoju
Published: February 2021

Background:

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and totally implanted vascular access ports (PORTs) have been widely used for medium- to long-term chemotherapy. PICCs are associated with lower insertion cost, but higher complication rates than PORTs. However, there is a paucity of cost-effectiveness comparisons between the devices. We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of PICCs and PORTs for medium- to long-term chemotherapy from catheter insertion to removal.

Methods:

A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted based on propensity score matching (PSM) from the hospital perspective. Data were collected from a retrospective cohort study. The total cost outcome comprised insertion, maintenance, removal and complication costs. The effectiveness outcome was the complication-free rate. The primary and supplemental outcomes were cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results:

A total of 1050 patients (after PSM for 417 patients) were included. The average total cost for 3–6 month ($603.55 ± 78.68 vs $1270.21 ± 128.84), 6–9 month ($731.40 ± 42.97 vs $1414.48 ± 155.43), and 9–12 month ($966.83 ± 53.78 vs $1587.76 ± 160.56) dwell times were all significantly lower for PICCs than for PORTs ( p < 0.001). PICCs were associated with significantly lower complication-free rates than PORTs during the 3–6 month (65.22% vs 90.58%, p < 0.001), 6–9 month (53.33% vs 91.80%, p < 0.001), and 9–12 month (44.44% vs 88.46%, p = 0.015) dwell times. Ultimately, PICCs were associated with lower CERs than PORTs for the 3–6 month (928.54 vs 1395.84) and 6–9 month (1380.00 vs 1537.48) but higher CER for the 9–12 month (2197.34 vs 1804.27) dwell times. ICERs were 2564.08 and 1751.49 with dwell times of 3–6 months and 6–9 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study provided economic evidence that informs vascular access device choice for medium- to long-term chemotherapy. For 3–9 month dwell times, PICCs were more cost-effective than PORTs. Furthermore, ICERs were applied and the choice was determined by willingness-to-pay. For 9–12 month dwell times, PORTs might be more cost-effective than PICCs, and studies with larger sample size would be needed to verify this finding in the future.
Identification and Characterisation of Putative Enhancer Elements in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Mantsoki Anna , Parussel Karla , Joshi Anagha
Published: February 2021

Enhancer elements control mammalian transcription largely in a cell-type-specific manner. The genome-wide identification of enhancer elements and their activity status in a cellular context is therefore fundamental to understanding cell identity and function. We determined enhancer activity in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells using chromatin modifications and characterised their global properties. Specifically, we first grouped enhancers into 5 groups using multiple H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 modification data sets. Active enhancers (simultaneous presence of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) were enriched for binding of pluripotency factors and were found near pluripotency-related genes. Although both H3K4me1-only and active enhancers were enriched for super-enhancers and a TATA box like motif, active enhancers were preferentially bound by RNA polII (s2) and were enriched for bidirectional transcription, while H3K4me1-only enhancers were enriched for RNA polII (8WG16) suggesting they were likely poised. Bivalent enhancers (simultaneous presence of H3K4me1 and H3K27me3) were preferentially in the vicinity of bivalent genes. They were enriched for binding of components of polycomb complex as well as Tcf3 and Oct4. Moreover, a ‘CTTTCTC’ de-novo motif was enriched at bivalent enhancers, previously identified at bivalent promoters in ES cells. Taken together, 3 histone modifications successfully demarcated active, bivalent, and poised enhancers with distinct sequence and binding features.
Appearance of Acute Inflammatory State Indicates Improvement in Atopic Dermatitis Cases Under Classical Homeopathic Treatment: A Case Series
Authors: Mahesh Seema , Mallappa Mahesh , Habchi Olga , Konstanta Vasiliki , Chise Cristina , Sykiotou Panagiota , Vithoulkas George
Published: February 2021

The Continuum theory and the Levels of Health theory propound the idea that return of efficient acute inflammation (high fever) heralds true improvement in chronic inflammatory states. We present 6 cases of atopic dermatitis (AD), which had stability in their improvement for 1 year or more, under classical homeopathy. The cases were retrospectively assessed with selected based on the Hanifin Rajka atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria and the follow ups evaluated according to changes on SCORing Atopic Dermatitis scale (SCORAD) scale. The pictures are presented as evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for assessing causal attribution of clinical outcome to homeopathic intervention was used to assess the effect of homeopathy in these cases. All the cases improved and stabilised with complete skin clearance (those that relapsed within 1 year were not included). These patients had not suffered high fevers/acute inflammatory diseases since onset/aggravation of AD. Five of the 6 cases developed acute inflammatory diseases as the chronic condition improved. The last case showed return of an old, lesser pathology. The control cases – which were selected for non-improvement under classical homeopathy also showed remarkable skin clearance when there was appearance of acute inflammatory states. In this study, there is a mutually exclusive relationship between efficient acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, which is in accordance with the 2 theories considered here. Further scientific studies are necessary to establish the phenomenon at tissue level.
The Oncolytic Activity of Myxoma Virus against Soft Tissue Sarcoma Is Mediated by the Overexpression of Ribonucleotide Reductase
Authors: Woo Yanghee , Warner Susanne G , Geha Rula , Stanford Marianne M , Decarolis Penelope , Rahman Masmudur M , Singer Samuel , McFadden Grant , Fong Yuman
Published: February 2021

Background:

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is an oncolytic poxvirus that lacks the gene for 1 of the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), a crucial DNA synthesis and repair enzyme. The overexpression of RR has been implicated in the invasiveness of several cancers, including soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The purpose of the study was to investigate the oncolytic efficacy of MYXV in STS with different levels of RR expression.

Methods:

The oncolytic effect of recombinant MYXV was evaluated in 4 human STS cell lines, LS141 (a dedifferentiated liposarcoma), DDLS8817 (a dedifferentiated liposarcoma), RDD2213 (recurrent dedifferentiated liposarcoma), and HSSYII (a synovial sarcoma) using infectivity and cytotoxicity assays. Following the overexpression of RRM2 by cDNA transfection and silencing of RRM2 by siRRM2 in these STS cell lines, the RRM2 expression levels were analyzed by Western blot.

Results:

We observed a direct correlation between viral oncolysis and RRM2 mRNA levels ( R = 0.96) in STS. Higher RRM2 expression was associated with a more robust cell kill. Silencing the RRM2 gene led to significantly greater cell survival (80%) compared with the control group ( P = .003), whereas overexpression of the RRM2 increased viral oncolysis by 33% ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Our results show that the oncolytic effects of MYXV correlate directly with RR expression levels and are enhanced in STS cell lines with naturally occurring or artificially induced high expression levels of RR. Myxoma virus holds promise in the treatment of advanced soft tissue cancer, especially in tumors overexpressing RR.
Bolstering responsible management education through the sustainable development goals: Three perspectives
Authors: Moratis Lars , Melissen Frans
Published: February 2021

Acknowledging the roles and responsibilities of business in society and the importance of realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), contemporary management education is characterized by the integration of a rich palette of initiatives in the field of Responsible Management Education (RME). It is important though to recognize that these initiatives, however laudable, so far represent rather basic, and thus insufficient, ways of truly integrating sustainability into management education. This Provocation to Debate essay therefore identifies three perspectives for bolstering RME through the SDGs: (1) addressing the fact that SDGs incorporate trade-offs, tensions, and paradoxes; (2) realizing the SGDs implies engaging in systemic activism; and (3) embracing the SDGs comes with emotional affect. As such, this essay is an invitation to critically reflect on the roles and contents of management education in spurring sustainable development and to engage in a meaningful discussion about the value and the limitations of the SDGs for advancing the RME agenda.
Serum neurofilament light in MS: The first true blood-based biomarker?
Authors: Thebault Simon , Bose Gauruv , Booth Ronald , Freedman Mark S
Published: February 2021

A simple blood-derived biomarker is desirable in the routine management of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is the most promising candidate. Although its utility was first shown in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), technological advancements have enabled reliable detection in serum and less frequently plasma, obviating the need for repeated lumbar punctures. In this review, after defining the knowledge gap in MS management that many hope sNfL could fill, we summarize salient studies demonstrating associations of sNfL levels with outcomes of interest. We group these outcomes into inflammatory activity, progression, treatment response, and prediction/prognosis. Where possible we focus on data from real-world perspective observational cohorts. While acknowledging the limitations of sNfL and highlighting key areas for ongoing work, we conclude with our opinion of the role for sNfL as an objective, convenient, and cost-effective adjunct to clinical assessment. Paving the way for other promising biomarkers both blood-derived and otherwise, sNfL is an incremental step toward precision medicine for MS patients.
To share or not to share? That is the (social media) dilemma. Expectant mothers questioning and making sense of performing pregnancy on social media
Authors: Cino Davide , Formenti Laura
Published: February 2021

Posting about one’s pregnancy on social media has become a common practice for many expectant mothers in the global North. However, social media sharing implies transcending the conventional time and space boundaries of interpersonal communication. As such, women may feel ill at ease when deciding whether and how to narrate their journey online. This article examines mothers’ pre-birth social media dilemmas via a thematic analysis of 1237 posts from 26 threads on a parenting forum in which expectant mothers discussed their doubts and fears about sharing their pregnancy on social media. The dilemmatic dimension of social media sharing challenges the simplistic idea that sharenting is a practice most women naively adhere to without question. Indeed, the present research shows that online posters face dilemmas about performing their pregnancies on social media and collectively learn to make sense of and question a culture of surveillance, while reclaiming their self-representational agency in the process.
Primary field experiences: Critical for primary generalist physical education teachers?
Authors: Murphy Frances , Marron Susan , Coulter Maura
Published: February 2021

Generalist primary teachers teach physical education in many countries, and their preparation has been the subject of attention internationally. While they undertake field experiences as part of their preparation to teach, it is unclear how much of their teaching is focused on physical education. Reflective practice is recognised as a significant element of their preparation (Korthagen, 2014) with a view to improving practice. The focus of this study is on field experiences and reflective practice of a cohort of generalist primary pre-service teachers (PSTs) ( N=25). This study is a qualitative descriptive study. Data analysed were written reflections chosen because they were considered a powerful professional learning tool. The reflections focused on a particular field experience that consisted of teaching physical education supported by their peers and teacher educators. Findings of the study reveal that the PSTs appreciated the learning environment provided by the field experience, characterised by dialogue, support and encouragement. They saw merit, relevancy and meaningfulness in the experience prior to embarking on it, where both anxiety and excitement were highlighted. While their learning focused on lesson planning, resource management and class organisation, they wrote of learning from observing their peers teaching, from co-teaching and from receiving feedback from teacher educators and peers. They identified the potential to build on this experience within their future evaluated experiences. The focus on physical education within a particular field experience is significant in building the confidence and competence of PSTs.
Gait changes after supervised exercise training in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease
Authors: Lanzi Stefano , Boichat Joël , Calanca Luca , Aubertin Pauline , Malatesta Davide , Mazzolai Lucia
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of supervised exercise training (SET) on walking performance and spatiotemporal gait changes in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this single-arm prospective nonrandomized cohort study, patients with Fontaine stage II PAD following a 3-month SET program were included. Before and after SET, a constant-load treadmill test was performed to determine the pain-free and maximal walking distances (PFWD and MWD, respectively). During this test, spatiotemporal gait parameters were assessed. The ankle–brachial index (ABI) and toe–brachial index (TBI) were also measured. Twenty-seven patients with PAD (64.0 ± 1.9 y, 74% men) were included. Following SET, the PFWD (+68%; p = 0.001) and MWD (+79%; p ⩽ 0.001) significantly increased. The ABI and TBI did not change significantly. Following SET, the stride duration, stride frequency, stride length, and double support phase duration did not change significantly. In contrast, subphases of stance showed significant changes: the loading response (+8%; p = 0.03) and foot-flat (+2%; p = 0.01) phases were significantly longer, whereas the push-off phase (–7%; p = 0.002) was significantly shorter. A significant positive correlation was found between changes in the foot-flat phase and changes in PFWD ( r = 0.43, p = 0.03). A significant negative correlation was found between changes in the push-off phase and changes in PFWD ( r = −0.39, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between changes in relative durations of the subphases of stance and MWD. These results indicate that changes in temporal gait parameters during the foot contact phase potentially constitute an underlying mechanism of delayed claudication distance in patients with symptomatic PAD.
Men’s attitudes toward mask-wearing during COVID-19: Understanding the complexities of mask-ulinity
Authors: Mahalik James R , Bianca Michael Di , Harris Michael P
Published: February 2021

Path analyses indicated that the relationship between conformity to masculine norms (CMN) and attitudes toward mask-wearing to protect from COVID-19 was mediated by perceived benefits, perceived barriers, confidence in the scientific community, and empathy toward vulnerable persons, and that political ideology moderated the indirect effects from CMN to men’s attitudes. Efforts to improve men’s participation in combatting COVID-19 should address the perceptions and attitudes related to conforming to traditional masculine norms and moderated by political ideology, and might reconstruct masculinity to focus on being a guardian and protector of public health.
Dangerous data: Seeing social surveys through the sexuality prism
Authors: Westbrook Laurel , Budnick Jamie , Saperstein Aliya
Published: February 2021

Social surveys both reflect and shape beliefs about sexuality. Social norms construct the “authorized vocabulary” of surveys and the resulting data influence the research questions that can be answered and the policies likely to be inspired by study findings. Scholars have called for balancing attention to pleasure vs. danger and normative vs. non-normative practices in studies of sexuality as well as for collection of data on sexual desires, behaviors, and identities. We combine these calls into what we term the sexuality prism. To better understand how data about sexuality are typically collected and what research they facilitate or constrain, we analyze six decades of materials from four of the largest social surveys in the United States and five national surveys focused on sexuality, health, and family formation. We find that these surveys do not allow for investigations of the full sexuality prism. Instead, they tend to assume and narrowly investigate the “charmed circle” of sexuality: heterosexual, married, monogamous, and potentially procreative couplings. When surveys ask about non-normative practices, they do so primarily in the context of risk (e.g. sexually transmitted diseases) and ignore non-normative practices that are not deemed “risky.” The focus on risk likely explains the greater attention to sexual behaviors and the shortage of questions about sexual desires and identities. Moreover, most questions about sexual practices highlight the dangers of sex, rather than the pleasures. Not only does this severely limit the scope of U.S. sexuality research, it also means that, individually and collectively, these surveys reify “sex negativity.”
Using an App to monitor postoperative pain at home in pediatric patients
Authors: Tiozzo Emanuela , Biagioli Valentina , Brancaccio Matilde , Ricci Riccardo , Marchetti Anna , Dall’Oglio Immacolata , Gawronski Orsola , Bonanni Fabiana , Piga Simone , Celesti Lucia , Offidani Caterina , Tozzi Alberto Eugenio , Cirulli Luisa , Raponi Massimiliano
Published: February 2021

A prospective comparative study was conducted in 487 pediatric patients (69% male, mean age = 6.4 ± 4.0) to evaluate (a) the incidence, intensity, and characteristics of pain in pediatric patients at home during the first 24 hours and 5 days after surgery and (b) the factors associated with higher pain intensity, including the impact of an application (App) compared to the paper-and-pencil approach. Postoperative pain was assessed by patients or their parents at home using the ‘Bambino Gesù’ Children’s Hospital (Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, OPBG) tool for participants aged 4–17 years or the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry, and Consolability scale for participants less than four years old. Participants were assigned to two groups: those who used the paper-and-pencil version of the pain scale and those who used the App. Overall, 209 of the 472 (44%) participants reported pain during the first 24 hours, and 92 of the 420 (22%) reported pain between one and five days after surgery. Higher pain intensity scores were associated with being in the App group, directly assessing own pain, and using the OPBG tool. The App was effective in facilitating pain assessment. Health professionals could empower pediatric patients and their parents in assessing pain at home through a dedicated App.
Exploring parental perceptions of a family-centred model of care in a public child development service
Authors: Argall Nicole L , Johnson Emma , Cox Elissa , Hislop Carly , Lefmann Sophie A
Published: February 2021

Family-centred care (FCC) is recognised as a fundamental practice principle in the delivery of contemporary paediatric allied health care; however, limited evidence exists on how to translate FCC theory into practice for Child Development Services (CDS). This study describes and evaluates parent perceptions of a family-centred model of care at a publicly funded CDS where a care pathway consists of parent orientation-to-service session, integrated transdisciplinary allied health assessment, feedback and goal setting appointments. 15 participants completed a semi-structured in-depth interview and rating scales of service satisfaction. Interview data were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis and data triangulation were completed by three investigators to enhance validity and descriptive statistics were identified. The model of care was positively perceived by families, with participants identifying value in communication; fostering of respect and partnership and therapist skills. Service themes that influenced parents’ perception of the model included benefits of a holistic approach to care and staffing continuity. Uncertainty of wait list time frames and transition/discharge points were identified as a source of stress by families. This research investigates what components of FCC are meaningful to consumers and considers practical ideas of delivering care within a family-centred framework.
“The Struggle is Real”: Punitive assessment in community services
Authors: Quirouette Marianne
Published: February 2021

Assessment tools are pivotal for the work of frontline community services providers, shaping client relationships, access to supports and producing evidence for agencies that need to allocate resources, demonstrate outcomes and secure funding. These tools are combined and used cumulatively, as marginalized individuals are cared for – but also controlled and punished - within these systems (e.g. in shelters, street outreach, mental health or re entry supports). Punishment literature has clarified that risk tools are impactful but also contested and resisted. Still, we know little about how the process is experienced and negotiated by frontline by practitioners working with people pushed through the ‘revolving doors'. Drawing from two years of ethnographic fieldwork and 105 interviews with community practitioners, I examine tools and practices used to ‘assess’ criminalized and marginalized individuals. I show that practitioners are producing evidence about problems occurring outside legal institutions while relying on criminal justice logics and engaging with criminal justice spaces and paces. I highlight the challenges service providers face and negotiate, focusing on three themes: the composition of tools, the process of using them, and the service context in which they are used. I argue that despite discretionary efforts and adaptations, community practitioners remain frustrated by assessment tools and practices, and particularly by their inability to meet the needs they are assessing.
Flexural and flammability evaluation of a new bio-based polyurethane foam with alumina trihydrate
Authors: Silva EHP , Souza GSC , Janes DB , Waldow G , Sales FCP , Guedes RM , Tita V , Costa RRC
Published: February 2021

Flexural and flammability evaluation of a new bio-based polyurethane foam (PUF) with alumina trihydrate (ATH) added as flame retardant were carried out. The PUF was obtained from a blend of vegetable oils. Flexural behavior of the polyurethane with different mass fractions of flame retardant (ATH) was investigated according to ASTM D790-17. Flammability tests were performed according to ASTM D3801-20 and ASTM D635-14 for the vertical and horizontal positions, respectively. The ATH addition influenced the flexural strength of the tested specimens, showing mean values for pure PUF and PUF with 50% of ATH were very close, but the highest value was obtained for PUF with 20% of ATH. Besides, the maximum strain value under flexural load was substantially reduced as the ATH mass increased, which was 11.4% for pure PUF and 3.38% for PUF with 50% of ATH. The flexural modulus increased with ATH incorporation up to 40% mass fraction. The obtained values for pure PUF, PUF with 40% of ATH and PUF with 50% of ATH specimens were 30.63 ± 1.95 MPa, 73.01 ± 2.82 MPa, and 62.16 ± 2.30 MPa, respectively. In addition, flammability test results presented better responses as the amount of ATH increased. PUF with 40% of ATH received V-2 classification, and PUF with 50% of ATH obtained HB classification. Therefore, the results for PUF with the addition of ATH show that the new bio-based material can be designed by using different mass fractions. Thus, this material becomes very useful for many types of applications, such as furniture and automobile industries, as well as sandwich structures and building constructions.
Procedure to find out the optimal ranges of process parameters for friction stir welding
Authors: Verma Shubham , Misra Joy Prakash , Gupta Meenu
Published: February 2021

The present study deals with the application of sequential procedure (i.e. steepest ascent) to obtain the optimum values of process parameters for conducting friction stir welding (FSW) experiments. A vertical milling machine is modified by fabricating fixture and tool ( H13 material) for performing FSW operation to join AA7039 plates. The steepest ascent technique is employed to design the experiments at different rotational speed, welding speed, and tilt angle. The ultimate tensile strength is considered as a performance characteristic for deciding the optimal levels. The mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the joints are studied by executing tensile and microhardness tests. It is concluded from the graphical analysis of the steepest ascent technique that the optimal maximum and minimum values are 1812–1325 r/min for rotational speed, 43–26 mm/min for welding speed, and 2°–1.3° for tilt angle, respectively. Besides, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope are utilized for microstructural and fractographic analyses for a better understanding of the process.
Epistemic work in Portuguese parliamentary education debates: Externalisation to world situations as a source of epistemic capital
Authors: Santos Íris
Published: February 2021

This article seeks to analyse how epistemic work (Alasuutari, 2018; Alasuutari and Qadir, 2019) in Portuguese parliamentary education debates develops through externalisation to world situations (Schriewer, 1990) whose references are used as epistemic capital (Alasuutari, 2018). The study explores debates occurring during Legislature X (2005–2009), in which the number of external references in plenary education debates significantly peaked compared with previous and subsequent legislatures. The analysis demonstrates that there was a change in the (de-)legitimation strategies policymakers used during this legislature. In addition to using the traditional ideological principles associated with each party, deputies often opted to use international organisations and their instruments, alongside reference societies, as authoritative sources to strengthen arguments and persuade their audience of their validity. This suggests that parliamentary policymakers assume that these external elements are useful in earning support for their policy ideas and promoting reform proposals.
Integrating Trauma and Violence Informed Care in Primary Health Care Settings for First Nations Women Experiencing Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cullen Patricia , Mackean Tamara , Walker Natasha , Coombes Julieann , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Clapham Kathleen , Ivers Rebecca , Hackett Maree , Worner Faye , Longbottom Marlene
Published: February 2021

It is imperative that access to primary health care services is equitable as health care practitioners are often the first responders to women who experience violence. This is of particular importance for First Nations women who disproportionately experience interpersonal and structural violence when compared to non-First Nations women, as well as the ongoing impact of colonization, racism, and intergenerational trauma. To understand how primary health care services can provide equitable and effective care for First Nations women, we explored how trauma and violence informed care is integrated in primary health care settings through the lens of an equity-oriented framework. A systematic search of electronic databases included Medline (via Ovid), Scopus, Informit, and PubMed and grey literature. Six studies were included in the review and we undertook a narrative synthesis using the equity-oriented framework to draw together the intersection of trauma and violence informed care with culturally safe and contextually tailored care. This review demonstrates how equity-oriented primary health care settings respond to the complex and multiple forms of violence and intergenerational trauma experienced by First Nations women and thus mitigate shame and stigma to encourage disclosure and help seeking. Key attributes include responding to women’s individual contexts by centering family, engaging elders, encouraging community ownership, which is driven by a culturally competent workforce that builds trust, reduces retraumatization, and respects confidentiality. This review highlights the importance of strengthening and supporting the workforce, as well as embedding cultural safety within intersectoral partnerships and ensuring adequate resourcing and sustainability of initiatives.