bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Non Productive Time While Drilling in Southern Sumatra Field with Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling
Authors: Zein Joydi , Iskandar Yoshua , Dharma Dion , Ali Ali
Published: October 2017

Drilling through a carbonate formation characterized bymassive vugulars and fracturescreates a difficult and high-risk operation when using conventional drilling methods. Total lost of circulation, accompanied byinflux or kicks may be encountered when drilling through high volumes of pores and numerous fracture zones. Using managed pressure drilling (MPD) techniques when drilling through vugs and severely fractured formations can reduce non-productive time in combatting lost circulation problems and preventingformation fluid influxes from reaching the surface during drilling operation. The application of a pressurized mud cap drilling (PMCD) variant of MPD in a recent project in Indonesia was key in allowing the operator to reach their targeted depth.

PMCD is a non-conventional drilling technique designed to maintain annular wellbore pressure when total loss of circulation occurs. With the utilization of MPD equipment and PMCD techniques, mitigation of drilling hazards caused by lost circulation or influx was successfully performed in this project without stopping the drilling operation. The decision of calling out the MPD to the rig site saved the operator drilling days followingunsuccessful attempts to cure the lost circulation by pumping cement for several days.

With PMCD, the proper bullheading sequence was carried outin order to control influxes which weremigrating through the mud-cap to the surface. With applications and actual operations on location, drilling operations successfully reachedthe targeted depth with minimum NPT and optimum hazard and cost reduction.

This paper will describethe planning phase, operational aspects, and results of drilling with the PMCD technique through challenging carbonate formations in a Southern Sumatra oil and gas field.
A Clean and Efficient Development Mode Boosts Community Development and Environment Protection: Development of Keshen Gas Field, Western China
Authors: Jiang Tongwen , Liu Huifeng , Yang Xiangtong , Xu Zhixiong , Zhou Lixia , Wang Kelin , Li Songlin
Published: October 2017

Keshen gas field is located at Kuqa foreland area of Tarim Basin, western China. The surface is mountainous, the environment is tough and the ecosystem is fragile. Through seven years’ development of this field, a natural gas productivity of 5 billion cubic meters per year was obtained by drilling 45 ultra-deep HPHT wells and building a pipeline system of 140km long with zero environment pollution. 41 towns and 4 million residents benefited from this project.

The location of processing plant and pipeline network pattern were selected through node analysis and topology analysis. A fishbone-like pipeline system was selected to avoid the mountainous area and minimize disturbance to the local environment. High-pressure throttling refrigeration technique and high-efficient gas separation technique were also used, reducing the energy consumption for processing by 45%. Electricity was used in drilling instead of diesel, which reduced CO2 emission by 220,000 tons. 140MPa wellhead and 13Cr tubing were used to maintain well integrity. Processing and recycling of oil-based drilling fluids, flow-back fracturing fluids, etc. were also conducted to avoid environmental pollution.

By July 2015, Keshen gas field was successfully established with natural gas productivity of 5 billion cubic meters per year. No pollution to the environment and no harm to the ecosystem occurred. No personal injuries were encountered during 27 million man-hours. A road in the mountainous area which is 108km long was built for the gas field and shared by the local residents. Based on Keshen gas field, a gas supply project was established with cooperation with local government, changing the local fuel type from firewood to clean natural gas, which reduces the annual emission of SO2, NO2 and CO2 by 790 tons, 660.27 tons and 61,500 tons respectively. More than 2,000 job opportunities in the gas field were created for the local Uygur and other minority residents. Totally, 41 towns with 4 million residents benefited from this project. The increase rate of the GDP of Baicheng city was doubled with influence of this project. Not only satisfying the local use, the natural gas produced from Keshen gas field is also transported to eastern coastal cities like Shanghai, Nanjing.

Keshen gas reservoir is an ultra-deep HPHT reservoir with buried depth from 6500m to 8000m, temperature from 150°C to 182°C and pressure from 116 MPa to 136 MPa. With use of many advanced technologies, the reservoir was not only efficiently developed, but with no injuries and no pollution to the environment. It also significantly boosts local community development. It provides a good reference for the development of unconventional reservoirs in the world.
Brownfield Redevelopment Strategies in Offshore North West Java
Authors: Arachman F. , Utami F. , Wasonoaji A. , Tobing D.
Published: October 2017

Offshore Noth West Java (ONWJ) production sharing contract block has been producing since 1970s. The block consists of many oil and gas sturctures, both clastic and carbonate reservoirs. The era of "easy reservoirs" is almost to an end as the fields are maturing over time. Long term development plan is desired to sustain the ONWJ block oil and gas production. The development strategies are focusing on low resistivity development, bypassed oil as the low hanging fruit, add reserves from deeper reservoir and shallow gas development.

Bypassed zones exploitation contributes in sustaining ONWJ oil and gas production. Drill stem test data back from the 70s was revisited, well log and correlation was reviewed to find the proven "low hanging fruit" and possible reserves. Sidetracking well to twin the proven exploration well or simply recomplete existing wells were done to add reserves.

Low resistivity reservoir was considered unattractive or even identified as non-reservoir in the early life of the block exploitation. However, with thourough evaluation and suitable hydraulic fracturing treatment, the reservoir contributes significantly in sustaining production decline. These zones become one of the keys in future development

The gas demand from the near market is continue growing with attractive price. It becomes one of the drivers to find more hydrocarbon gas. In the old days, shallow gas became one of hazard that need to be mitigated. Recently, as the major gas reservoirs continue on its depletion, this shallow was produced; converting from hazard to reserves.

Above strategies were successfully applied within fields in ONWJ block and doubled its production to the level of 43,000 bopd and 180 mmscfd within less than 5 years since operated by Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) ONWJ. This paper will discuss subsurface strategies to achieve and sustaining hydrocarbon production and related case studies of several fields in Offshore North West Java. It will also discuss the learning curve for future strategy and application in further redevelopment.
Service Level Agreement: An Effective Communication Flow in the Implementation of Manpower Contract Management
Authors: Hidayatullah Aulia S. , Ismail M. Hasan , Jaya M. Utama
Published: October 2017

There are several parties involved in the implementation of manpower contract management in Total E&P Indonesie (TEPI); the manpower contract personnel, the contractor, Manpower Contract Department (specific department in TEPI who in charge for managing labor supply), and User wherein the personnel deliver their services. Employment issues, grievance or complaint regarding administrative matters may appear in day to day operation which may lead to disruption of work or dissatisfied personnel. However, personnel tend to raise their inquiries to User and Manpower Contract Department (MPC) rather to their real employer, the contractor. As a result, User and MPC will be preoccupied with administration matters and the contractor will have no clue on the ongoing issues. In the present work, SLA 257 is introduced and built to fix the communication flow in this manpower contract management case. By implementing the SLA 257, the effectiveness of communication and problem solving in the implementation of manpower contracts in TEPI have improved significantly. Users and MPC could focus on their operational activities and no longer busy with personnel's questions related to administration matters. In the other hand, effective communication between contractor and their employee impacting to their engagement and personnel satisfactory. In conclusion, the implementation of SLA 257 is not only promoting an effective communication in manpower contract management but also supporting the smooth operational activities in general.
Foam-Assisted WAG: Injection Strategies to Optimize Performance
Authors: Groenenboom Jeroen , Kechut Nor Idah , Mar-Or Assaf
Published: October 2017

Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (WAG) projects can be enhanced by using foaming surfactant in the water slugs with the objective to create viscous foam thereby improving the mobility ratio between gas and the liquid phases. The effective dynamic behavior of foam is complex and dependent on many parameters, such as water saturation, oil saturation, surfactant concentration, and capillary number. Besides the WAG design parameters, such as WAG slug size, and WAG ratio, one should also consider how to time and scale the amount of surfactant to be injected, in terms of concentration and slug size. Part of the dynamics of foam behavior has been calibrated in laboratory experiments showing the effective foam strength in foam scans and its dependency on foam quality (With foam quality defined as the gas volumetric flow rate compared to total gas and liquid volumetric flow rate). Nevertheless, small scale experiments have their limitations and uncertainties remain on field scale performance. Deep down in the formation, factors such as foam strength and stability, and adsorption of surfactant are considered uncertain. These factors call for pilots to de-risk the application further. Simulation studies show that foam strength has a major impact on both ultimate recovery as well as surfactant concentration in the produced streams – stronger foam resulting in lower surfactant concentrations.

The injection strategy also has an important impact on recovery. In some cases, recovery efficiency can be impaired if strong foam is created in the immediate wellbore environment, thereby hampering injection and pore-volume throughput. Sustained injectivity during FAWAG is hence an important component to derisk either in pilots, or lab and simulation studies. This paper demonstrates the impact of different injection strategies and offers some suggestions to mitigate the risk of reduced injectivity during FAWAG.
A Fit of Art of Dynamic Monitoring Technology for Chemical Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Liu He , Yang Siyu , Wei Chenji , Yao Zixiu , Ye Peng
Published: October 2017

Daqing oilfield is the largest chemical flooding oilfield in the world. The polymer flooding can enhance oil recovery by 10-15%, while the ASP flooding can enhance oil recovery by over 20%, which is 1.5 times more efficient than the polymer flooding. By the end of 2016, there are 31529 chemical flooding wells, which cover the already proved reserves of more than 1 billion tons. These wells have had cumulative oil production of 0.2 billion tons, and have production more than 10 million tons each year since 2001, thus playing an important role in the production of Daqing Oilfield.

Dynamic monitoring, as an important part for oilfield development, aims to acquire the dynamic and static information in oilfield development, and to provide data for oilfield development dynamic analysis and adjustment by means of testing, logging, coring and analyzing. Since chemical flooding is different from water flooding in oil displacement mechanism, oil-water migration and development process, some indexes in chemical flooding process are especially significant, which are directly related to the development effects, and require timely and dynamic monitoring. Because of the high viscosity of chemical flooding fluids, the monitoring techniques based on the radioactive isotope carrier method of water flooding is not suitable due to problems such as serious contamination and no even dispersion. Therefore, on the basis of tracer monitoring technique for water flooding wells, chemical injection profile logging technique based on electromagnetic flowmeter, oxygen activation and tracer correlation is formed for high viscosity fluids, and has been applied in Daqing Oilfield in more than 4000 wells. This technology could guide dynamic analysis and tracking adjustment, and could have further development of continuous fluid monitoring chemical flooding, and then expand the electromagnetic exploration techniques into the chemical flooding fluid description.
Large-Scale Visual Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Acid Fingering during Carbonate Acid Fracturing
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Chen Yusong , Yang Zhaozhong , Chen Fei
Published: October 2017

While flowing in the fracture, acid may leak off through the wormholes and appear a finger-like pattern during the process of acid fracturing, which is commonly called "acid fingering". Acid fingering is an unsteady hydrodynamic phenomenon that happens when low viscous acid displaces more viscous pad fluid. Many researchers have studied the acid leak-off and viscous fingering, however, there are still many unsolved problems so that the acid fingering has to be ignored, while describing the acid flowing and reaction process.

To solve the discrepancy, a comprehensive study on the moving interface of acid fingering has been conducted with both experimental study and numerical method. Firstly, the laboratory experiments were performed using a self-developed large-scale visual physical device with the structure of three-plates and double-slits, and it perfectly simulated the phenomenon of acid fingering. Secondly, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) equation based on previous large-scale visual physical simulation device has been established and been set up with the similar sizes of it as well. Thirdly, the orthogonal design has been used to analyze the morphologies of acid fingering under the different influence factors, which includes acid type (acid concentration and pad fluid/acid viscosity ratio), acid concentration and acid injection flow rate.

The reasonable agreements between the experimental and numerical results indicate the capability of the finger interface in simulating acid fluid and pad fluid. On the one hand, the acid fingering in the fractures would strengthen the uneven surface etched by contacted fresh acid. On the other hand, this phenomenon will reduce the acid leakage as well as the reaction rate between acid and carbonate rock, consequently improving the effect of acid fracturing. Besides, the acid is more inclined to the flow through lower area under gravity, and the acid fingering would be more significant. Consequently, the finger branches increase, so does the degree of bifurcation.

A combined experimental and numerical approach is adopted to investigate acid fingering in carbonate. Acid fingering could be successfully simulated by large-scale visual laboratory experiment. And numerical method provides a simple but effective way for the operators to predict finger interface under different flow patterns because of low CPU demands and minimal experimental materials requirement of this model, which might reconcile the discrepancy between laboratory study and production practice.
Evaluation of LCMs in Cement to Seal Wide Natural Fractures
Authors: Lewis Sam , Tambe Romana , Dumbre Maithili , Ahuja Gopal , Sharma Abhishek
Published: October 2017

Lost circulation is a major contributor to nonproductive time (NPT). It occurs during drilling as well as while cementing the well. To cure the losses, lost circulation materials (LCMs) are widely used. In severe cases when the fracture size is larger than the LCMs, sealing is not effective and does not sustain high differential pressures. The focus of this study is to provide a solution to plug wide natural fractures at high differential pressures using LCM in cement.

Evaluation of LCMs was based on performance tests conducted using a permeability plugging apparatus (PPA). The individual LCMs and combinations of them were used to perform the study. High differential pressures of 2,500 psi and slot widths of 1, 3, and 5 mm were used during testing. Observations were made in terms of time to form the seal, cumulative volume of cement slurry lost before a seal was formed, and the efficiency of the seal. The cement slurry loaded with LCM was tested for rheology, suspension, and compressive strength development.

LCMs having different geometry, such as granular, lamellar, fibers, and resilient graphite, were studied either individually or in combination. For a 5-mm slot and differential pressure of 2,500 psi, it was observed that the combination of LCMs performed superiorly compared to the individual LCMs in terms of loading required, time to plug, and slurry lost before an effective seal was formed. Fibers are bridging material that form an interlocking net over the pores or fracture and prevent other particles and fluids from passing through. This physical interaction of LCMs with the cement slurry forms an effective seal that demonstrates resiliency at high differential pressures and wide fracture widths. Inclusion of these LCMs has minimal effect on other slurry properties, such as compressive strength and stability. This paper also presents observations for various potential fracture widths vs. LCM combinations based on these results.

A combination of LCMs was developed that can be used in extreme loss circulation zones to seal wide fractures at high differential pressures.
Ultra-Long Stroke and Intelligent Rod Pumping System for Producing Difficult Wells and/or Fluids
Authors: Kennedy Dave M. , Ghareeb M.
Published: October 2017

Worldwide, as conventional oil resources are depleted, the reciprocating sucker rod pumping systems recognized as the most widely applied mean of artificial lift system for onshore wells. The popularity of this system is attributed to its durability, simplicity, and flexibility. The advanced technologies in surface and downhole equipment overcome many of the old problems, such as; producing difficult fluids (high gas and/or sand, corrosive fluids and heavy crude) and producing unconventional wells.

The necessity to maximize production and produce difficult fluids in higher economic efficiencies for rod pumped wells has created a high demand for ultra-long stroke lengths and high capacity units. The reasons behind that are the advantages of using this type of surface pumping units as compared with conventional beam units. This system allow for producing greater liquid rates with less downhole pump/rods/tubing problems. This increases the mean time between failures (MTBF) due to the reduced number of stress reversals, peak load and stresses (total amount of rod stretch caused by the load differentials between minimum and maximum polished rod loads).

This paper will present the new intelligent long stroke reciprocation pumping system for well production & cost optimization and produce difficult wells and/or fluids. This is additional to enhancing the safety by reducing the well site operations to change well running parameters for well optimization. All will perform automatically without relying on manpower interference at well-site. This achieved by the World's Longest Intelligent sucker rod unit stroke length (up to 372 inch) with highest lifting Capability up to 80,000 lbs. The system is fully Automatic/Independent Variable Speed Up or Down and control pumping speed with and integrated expert supervisory control. Also it will highlight the benefits achieved by applying the up-to-date in reciprocating pumping technology as well as the use of expert supervisory control which analyzes the wells using intelligent artificial lift system. Actual well data will be shown from successful field results.

The application of this novel technology will help to:Allow to produce high volume from deep wells.Reduce OPEX by Minimize Well InterventionsDue to the long slow stroke and soft turn-around and less friction between the rods and tubing will greatly decrease side loading. Also the fewer Cycles will Extended BHP, tubing and sucker rod lifeEqual or provide greater production at a Lower SPM
MOLECULAR DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES OF WIDE RANGE
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Ivanova Svetlana , Astakhova Lydia , Astakhova Lydia , Piskaeva Anastasia , Piskaeva Anastasia , Dyshlyuk Lyubov , Dyshlyuk Lyubov , Mercè Pallàs , Mercè Pallàs
Published: October 2017

Lactic acid bacteria form a wide range of bacteriocins, the compounds that inhibit ineligible food product microflora. New producers are vigourously searched and bacteriocin properties are actively studied. Creation of new antimicrobial peptides consisting of C- and N-parts of various bacteriocins is of great concern. Based on co-use of nisin, lactocin and enterocin, their antimicrobial effect is proved to increase with the well matching combination of bacteriocins of different origin. Either, development of genetically altered strains of fungi and bacteria is promising that are capable of producing one or more enterococcus bacteriocins and other LAB. This work describes procedures to integrate structures producing Lactobacillus paracasei and Pediococcus acidilactici strain bacteriocins isolated from fermented milk products used by people residing in the south of the Western Siberia into E. coli BL21DE3 competent cells using the commercial vector Mud5005-13. The strains obtained were analyzed for successful integration by induction of pathogenic bacteria by lysates and it was shown that, irrespective of the induction time, the recombinant strain effectively synthesizes the bacteriocin construct integrated. Best conditions were developed for the strain culturing to achieve the highest yield of the recombinant peptide into the culture medium comprising of: medium № 6 containing the following per 1 liter: tripton - 12 g, sucrose - 12 g, sodium acetate 0.5 g, magnesium sulfate - 0.2 g, ammonium sulfate - 0.5 g, sodium chloride - 6 g, calcium chloride - 2 g; culturing temperature - 40°C; agitation speed - 200 rpm; aeration value is 1 l/l*min.
FUNCTIONAL SPORTS FOOD BASED ON THE OAT GRAIN PROTEIN CONCENTRATE
Authors: Yang Yonga , Yang Yonga , Kashirskikh Egor , Kashirskikh Egor , Garmashov Sergey , Garmashov Sergey , Izgaryshev Alexander , Izgaryshev Alexander , Kriger Olga , Kriger Olga , Evsyukova Alexandra , Evsyukova Alexandra
Published: October 2017

Recently, the market of sport nutrition has been expanding due to high popularity of sports in human everyday life as well as popularity of healthy lifestyle principles. This article offers to consider and validates main stages to produce functional sport products based on oat grains. The production technology includes the following stages: Acceptance and quality evaluation of the raw stock; interim storage and preparation of raw stock for production stage; oat grain grinding; protein extraction from the raw stock; ultrafiltration; protein sedimentation; addition of vitamin and mineral mixture and cocoa powder; mixing; packing, labeling and storage of the end product. It is found that the greatest volume protein is extracted when the aqueous solution of 1 M sodium hydroxide is used (protein volume totaled to 93.65 ± 5.62%) at the similar technical parameters of acidic and alkali extraction. Ultrafiltration used to concentrate proteins with UPM-100 membrane contributes to the maximum degree of protein concentration (3.50 ± 0.21%). The protein is sedimented by the 10% aqueous solution of amber acid at the rate of active acidity of 4.4 units that allows an increase in the extent of protein sedimentation to 86.9 ± 5.21%. The end product obtained as per the scheme submitted has been studied for its organoleptic, physical and chemical and microbiological properties, including its blend composition. It’s been identified that the food product has pure taste and flavor appropriate of this product, with no foreign flavor and aroma. High content of protein, Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, as well as all essential amino acids are reported. The daily portion of the developed functional product contains 46.0% of vitamins and mineral substances against the rate of physiological need in them.
In vitro analysis of the internal anatomy of lower incisors by cone beam computerized tomography
Authors: Gomes Fabio De Almeida , Barbosa Renata Ferreira Pinto , Mesquita Yvelise Aquino , Ferreira Cláudio Maniglia , Teixeira Renata Cordeiro , Viana Luiz Carlos Trévia Morais Correia
Published: October 2017

For the success of endodontic treatment, the knowledge of the internal anatomy becomes essential. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of lower incisor canals in a clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and methods: 148 lower incisors were used, measured, and evaluated through periapical radiograph and computed tomography. Results: in relation to the number of canals, 107 teeth(72.3%) presented a single canal, while 41 teeth (27.7%) presented two canals. Of the 41 teeth presenting 2 canals, 3 teeth presented independent canals (2.03%) and 38 teeth had 2 canals that joined at some point of the canal path (25.67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of two canals in the lower permanent human incisors was 27.7%; of these, 2.03% were independent. The main point of root canal union was at the apical third (20.94%). The most commonly found root canal shape was round in cervical third, flattened in middle third, and round in third apical.
Prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with Singleton Merten syndrome and acrylic resin hypersensitivity
Authors: Faria Natália Spadini de , Souza Filho Celso Bernardo de , Kanaan Delsa Deise Maccketti , Silva-Sousa Yara Teresinha Corrêa , Gomes Érica Alves
Published: October 2017

Singleton Merten Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by the presence of the dental dysplasia phenotype, calcifications in the aorta, progressive wear and loss of bone protein (osteoporosis) in the hands and feet. Patients have muscle weakness, poor motor development, abnormal dentition, deformities of thefeet and hands, and skin lesions. Objective: This report describes the maxillomandibular rehabilitation of a patient with Singleton Merten Syndrome and an allergic reaction to the acrylic resin through maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture. Case report: Female patient, 18 years old, with clinical characteristics of Singleton Merten Syndrome and allergic reaction to acrylic resin, with complaints of loss of function and esthetics dueto the absence of several teeth, but with the presence of unerupted maxillary and mandibular tooth buds. Maxillary overdenture and mandibular removable partial denture were made of polyethylene. Conclusion: The rehabilitation treatment with maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture provided better facial muscle support, restoring masticatory function and facial esthetics. With this treatment, it was possible to reestablish patient’s satisfactionand self-esteem due to the correct construction of the prostheses, and minimize hypersensitivity reactions in the oral mucosa, which allowed the use of these prostheses by the patient without any complications.
Development of Potential Small Molecule Therapeutics for Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Schafer Adam , Cheng Han , Lee Charles , Du Ruikun , Han Julianna , Perez Jasmine , Peet Norton , Manicassamy Balaji , Rong Lijun
Published: October 2017

Ebola virus has caused 26 outbreaks in 10 different countries since its identification
in 1976, making it one of the deadliest emerging viral pathogens. The most recent
outbreak in West Africa from 2014-16 was the deadliest yet and culminated in 11,310
deaths out of 28,616 confirmed cases. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapeutics
or vaccines to treat Ebola virus infections. The slow development of effective vaccines
combined with the severity of past outbreaks emphasizes the need to accelerate research
into understanding the virus lifecycle and the development of therapeutics for post exposure
treatment. Here we present a summary of the major findings on the Ebola virus replication
cycle and the therapeutic approaches explored to treat this devastating disease. The
major focus of this review is on small molecule inhibitors.
ATP-binding Cassette Exporters: Structure and Mechanism with a Focus on P-glycoprotein and MRP1
Authors: Arana Maite Rocío , Altenberg Guillermo Alejandro
Published: October 2017

Background:

Proteins that belong to the ATP-binding cassette superfamily include transporters that mediate the efflux of substrates from cells. Among these exporters, P-glycoprotein and MRP1 are involved in cancer multidrug resistance, protection from endo and xenobiotics, determination of drug pharmacokinetics, and the pathophysiology of a variety of disorders.

Objective:

To review the information available on ATP-binding cassette exporters, with a focus on Pglycoprotein, MRP1 and related proteins. We describe tissue localization and function of these transporters in health and disease, and discuss the mechanisms of substrate transport. We also correlate recent structural information with the function of the exporters, and discuss details of their molecular mechanism with a focus on the nucleotide-binding domains.

Methods:

Evaluation of selected publications on the structure and function of ATP-binding cassette proteins.

Conclusions:

Conformational changes on the nucleotide-binding domains side of the exporters switch the accessibility of the substrate-binding pocket between the inside and outside, which is coupled to substrate efflux. However, there is no agreement on the magnitude and nature of the changes at the nucleotide- binding domains side that drive the alternate-accessibility. Comparison of the structures of Pglycoprotein and MRP1 helps explain differences in substrate selectivity and the bases for polyspecificity. P-glycoprotein substrates are hydrophobic and/or weak bases, and polyspecificity is explained by a flexible hydrophobic multi-binding site that has a few acidic patches. MRP1 substrates are mostly organic acids, and its polyspecificity is due to a single bipartite binding site that is flexible and displays positive charge.
Insulin Resistance the Link between T2DM and CVD: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Muhammad A. , Jayyousi Amin , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Asaad Nidal , Al-Suwaidi Jassim
Published: October 2017

Insulin resistance (IR) is a cardinal feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities which are known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Thus, IR not only contributes to the development of hyperglycemia in T2DM patients, but also to the elevated CVD risk. Improving insulin sensitivity is anticipated to both lower the plasma glucose concentration and decrease CVD risk in T2DM patients, independent of glucose control. We review the molecular mechanisms and metabolic consequences of IR in T2DM patients and discuss the importance of addressing IR in the management of T2DM.
Possibilities for Home and School Partnering Interactions Among Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Attachment Issues
Authors: Schlein Candace , Taft Raol J.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD) and those with attachment issues, such as Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), present school professionals with some of the most challenging behaviors experienced in schools. Family participation can be critical for promoting positive outcomes for children with behavioral concerns. Positive school and family partnering interactions can positively impact students behaviorally, academically, and socially.

Objective:

This article aims to provide an introductory framing for this special issue regarding school and family partnering interactions among students with EBD, including those with attachment issues, such as RAD.

Method:

Qualitative research was employed to consider this topic across included special issue articles.

Conclusion:

A variety of studies showcase ways of effectively attending to the experiences of students with EBD and RAD and their families. There is further much that might be gained by making use of an interdisciplinary lens for approaching this issue, such as from the perspective of education, psychotherapy, educational psychology, and family studies. This multi-perspectival approach might contribute to the life quality and success of youth with EBD and RAD and their families.
Attachment Aware Schools: Working with Families to Enhance Parental Engagement and Home-School Relationships
Authors: Rose Janet , Gilbert Louise , McGuire-Snieckus Rebecca , Gus Licette , McInnes Karen , Digby Rebecca
Published: October 2017

Background:

Application of attachment theory in school contexts lacks empirical evidence. The Attachment Aware Schools pilot project was commissioned by two Local Authorities in England to improve the educational outcomes of Looked After Children, and to build an evidence base. Informed by attachment research, the Attachment Aware Schools program provides a coherent and integrated theoretical framework, discourse, and practice for all practitioners working with children and young people.

Objective:

The primary focus was to provide whole school and targeted attachment-based strategies to support children’s well-being, behavior, and academic attainment. This paper; however, documents a secondary objective, which was to facilitate collaborative partnerships with families.

Method:

As part of the mixed methods approach to the Attachment Aware Schools project, a series of case studies were collected and thematically coded. The case studies were generated by practitioners using an outcomes-based framework.

Results:

Although the case study sample size is small (N=10), the case studies presented here illustrate how the Attachment Aware Schools program can promote increased home-school engagement and shared practice between home and school. Outcomes include improved home-school relationships, reductions in behavioral incidents, and improved family dynamics.

Conclusion:

Attachment Aware Schools can be a vehicle for facilitating supportive home-school collaborative partnerships with positive outcomes for vulnerable children and young people.
Uso y disponibilidad de leña en la región de La Montaña en el estado de Guerrero y sus implicaciones en la unidad ambiental
Authors: Salgado Terrones Omar , Borda Niño Mónica Lorena , Ceccon Eliane
Published: October 2017

La región de La Montaña en el estado de Guerrero, al sur de México, presenta altos índices de pobreza y deforestación. Al mismo tiempo, sus habitantes muestran una particular dependencia de los bosques para la extracción de madera para leña. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar y cuantificar el uso de la leña y determinar su disponibilidad en las diferentes unidades del paisaje. Para identificar especies utilizadas y preferidas, fueron encuestadas 60 viviendas en tres localidades con diferentes altitudes. Se midió la cantidad de leña consumida usando los métodos Día promedio y Medición directa, basados en el peso de la leña utilizada. Para evaluar la disponibilidad de leña se caracterizó la composición y estructura florística de los fragmentos de bosques más conservados y con extracción mínima de leña, y se extrapoló para toda el área de estudio. Se encontró que el proceso de utilización de las especies es similar a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal: en 100% de las viviendas se utiliza leña diariamente con un promedio de consumo per cápita de 2.06 kg y 1.70 kg (según el método) y 63% de los usuarios realiza la extracción de árboles completos principalmente de especies del género Quercus. Se estimó una disponibilidad de biomasa viva para leña de 28 t ha-1 y 14 t ha-1en fragmentos de bosque cerrado y abierto, respectivamente. Por las similitudes encontradas en términos de uso y disponibilidad, es posible considerar, para el establecimiento de proyectos de restauración productiva, las diferentes unidades estudiadas como una unidad ambiental.
Respuesta climática de Pinus oocarpa Schiede Ex Schetol en el Bosque La Primavera, Jalisco
Authors: Villanueva-Díaz José , Rubio Camacho Ernesto Alonso , Chávez Durán Alvaro Agustín , Zavala Aguirre José Luis , Cerano Paredes Julian , Martínez Sifuentes Aldo Rafael
Published: October 2017

El Bosque La Primavera (BLP) constituye una reserva de importancia ecoturística y proveedora de servicios ambientales para la metrópoli de Guadalajara. Sin embargo, las actividades humanas han alterado la estabilidad de sus ecosistemas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la variabilidad hidroclimática de la especie dominante Pinus oocarpa de alta sensibilidad climática. Cronologías de madera temprana (EWI), tardía (LWI) y de anillo total (RWI), con 165 años de extensión (1850-2014), se generaron para la especie en BLP. La serie residual EWI se correlacionó significativamente con la precipitación acumulada octubre-mayo (r = 0.775, p < 0.000), de estaciones climáticas aledañas a la reserva y se utilizó para una reconstrucción de precipitación; asimismo, se encontró una asociación negativa, pero significativa, entre temperatura máxima promedio en enero-junio y la serie EWI (r = -0.622, p < 0.000).La sequía más prolongada en la reconstrucción se detectó de 1909 a 1925, otras más como las de las décadas 1850, 1890, 1950, 1990 y 2000 se encuentran presentes en otras reconstrucciones climáticas para Jalisco, lo que es indicativo de la influencia de fenómenos de circulación general como El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO). El incremento en la temperatura máxima en las últimas tres décadas en el BLP ha afectado el crecimiento de la especie con una tendencia a reducirlo, situación que pone en riesgo la estabilidad de esta y de otras especies asociadas y, por ende, la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos a la metrópoli.
Mental and Emotional Self-Help Technology Apps: Cross-Sectional Study of Theory, Technology, and Mental Health Behaviors
Authors: Crookston Benjamin T , West Joshua H , Hall P Cougar , Dahle Kaitana Martinez , Heaton Thomas L , Beck Robin N , Muralidharan Chandni
Published: October 2017

Background

Mental and emotional self-help apps have emerged as potential mental illness prevention and treatment tools. The health behavior theory mechanisms by which these apps influence mental health–related behavior change have not been thoroughly examined.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the association between theoretical behavior change mechanisms and use of mental and emotional self-help apps and whether the use of such apps is associated with mental health behaviors.

Methods

This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of 150 users of mental or emotional health apps in the past 6 months. Survey questions included theory-based items, app engagement and likeability items, and behavior change items. Stata version 14 was used to calculate all statistics. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the demographic, theory, engagement, and behavior variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with reported changes in theory and separately for reported changes in actual behavior after controlling for potentially confounding variables.

Results

Participants reported that app use increased their motivation, desire to set goals, confidence, control, and intentions to be mentally and emotionally healthy. Engagement (P<.001) was positively associated with the reported changes in theory items, whereas perceived behavior change was positively associated with theory (P<.001), engagement (P=.004), frequency of use of apps (P=.01), and income (P=.049).

Conclusions

Participants reported that app use increased their motivation, desire to set goals, confidence, control, and intentions to be mentally and emotionally healthy. This increase in perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes surrounding their mental and emotional health was considerably associated with perceived change in behavior. There was a positive association between the level of engagement with the app and the impact on theory items. Future efforts should consider the value of impacting key theoretical constructs when designing mental and emotional health apps. As apps are evaluated and additional theory-based apps are created, cost-effective self-help apps may become common preventative and treatment tools in the mental health field.
La pintura como exceso. Algunas consideraciones sobre la pintura mexicana desde la década de los ochenta hasta el presente
Authors: Montero Fayad Daniel
Published: October 2017

El presente texto es una reconsideración histórica del estatus actual de la pintura en México, a partir de una serie de exhibiciones que sucedieron tanto en el país como en los Estados Unidos desde comienzos de la década de los años noventa. Se muestran además las tensiones de la crítica respecto a este tipo de práctica y cómo es que se produjo una imagen singular del arte en México con relación a la especificidad de ese medio. Por otra parte, se señala cómo es que el discurso sobre la pintura se construyó a partir de un diálogo internacional compartido entre México y los Estados Unidos que entró en crisis hacia finales de la década de los años noventa como producto de la globalización.
Cosmovisión nonuya e imagen poscolonial en el arte colombiano: una mirada a la obra de Abel Rodríguez
Authors: Lopera Gómez Jorge , Betancur Betancur Juan Gonzalo
Published: October 2017

Este artículo propone una mirada a la obra de Abel Rodríguez, un indígena de la comunidad nonuya que ha contribuido mediante pinturas y dibujos a la comprensión de los ecosistemas sociales de la Amazonía colombiana, y que ha empezado a ser reconocido por la institucionalidad del arte contemporáneo mediante la participación en exposiciones a nivel nacional e internacional. Para este estudio se revisan algunos relatos tradicionales representados por Rodríguez, se analiza la relación entre imagen y narración, y se considera su obra a la luz de los estudios culturales, el llamado “poscolonialismo” y la institucionalidad del arte, a sabiendas de que la emergencia de discursos “menores”, como sucede en este caso, puede permitir nuevas discusiones en el arte contemporáneo.
Effects of facial trustworthiness and gender on decision making in the Ultimatum Game
Authors: Wu Yujia , Gao Li , Wan Yan , Wang Fang , Xu Sihua , Yang Zijing , Rao Hengyi , Pan Yu
Published: October 2017

As little is yet known about the influence of facial trustworthiness and gender on fairness consideration in decision making, we examined whether a proposer's facial trustworthiness and gender would influence a responder's willingness to accept the proposer's monetary offer. Participants
in our study were 79 Chinese undergraduate students (responders) who played the Ultimatum Game with 4 proposers (2 male and 2 female) with different facial trustworthiness. As predicted, responders were more willing to accept offers from trustworthy-looking proposers. We found that facial
trustworthiness was a more salient cue when proposers were men than when they were women and, furthermore, that the students' emotional response to faces was correlated with their fairness consideration. Considering the implicit influence of facial trustworthiness and gender on decision making,
potentially there are broader implications of our findings for certain business activities, such as negotiation and bargaining.
CEO long-term incentive pay in mergers and acquisitions.
Authors: Beavers Randy
Published: October 2017

This paper analyzes the CEO incentives of inside debt in the form of deferred equity compensation in the context of M&A decisions.
This study runs statistical regressions on the likelihood of a merger, whether the deal is diversifying, how much stock is used to pay for the deal, and the relative deal size controlling for CEO long-term incentive pay as the main variable of interest and including controls for firm characteristics, merger characteristics, industry, and year. This paper sheds light on LTIP effects before compensation changes occur after an M&A event.
This study uses archival data from 1996 to 2005 for the United States with data collected from CRSP, Compustat, and SDC Platinum. This is one of the first studies to focus on the United States.
When firms with higher levels of CEO long-term incentive pay decide to engage in an acquisition, those acquisitions are non-diversifying, relatively smaller deals, and are paid using a greater portion of stock. The evidence indicates that long-term incentive pay incentivizes CEOs to make less risky decisions for the benefit of debt holders and at the expense of shareholders. In addition, deals made are not necessarily diversifying as once believed
Corporate governance and internal control deficiencies in financial institutions: Direct causes of sanctions by the supervisory authority
Authors: Giovando Guido , Crovini Chiara
Published: October 2017

The present study represents an original and empirical investigation on the topic of prudential vigilance and financial sanctions inflicted to financial intermediaries by the Bank of Italy during the period between 2013-2016.
This paper seeks to analyse the trend of sanctions during the period between 2013 and 2016 and if sanctions in 2016 were influenced by the dimension of the financial institution, corporate governance and financial reporting items of the previous year (2015).
Consequently the study was divided into two parts: in the former a unique dataset was accumulated and considers all the documents and related information on the financial penalties inflicted by Banca d’Italia in the period between 2013 and 2016. For the second part, a multivariate regression model was elaborated with variables linked to specific types of sanctions and items of the 2015 financial reporting standards of all the Italian financial institutions involved and we hand-collected data by downloading the financial reporting standards from the websites of each entity and by analysing in depth the information regarding those sanctions.
Misconduct, corporate governance and internal control deficiencies, and the dimension of the financial entities are of major concern because this sector is based on trust.
Weak corporate governance and $1.5 trillion of investment losses
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Maclyn
Published: October 2017

Weak corporate governance facilitated over $1.5 trillion in investment losses in the 21st Century in just 17 primarily U.S. public companies. Sir David Tweedy, the former chair of the International Accounting Standards Board, has commented: “The scandals that we have seen in recent years are often attributed to accounting although, in fact, I think the U.S. cases are corporate governance scandals involving fraud” (Tweedy, 2007). Thirteen prominent U.S. business leaders from industry, asset management firms, and an activist investment firm secretly worked for one year to develop corporate governance principles that would become a pathway for the future. The importance of implementing good corporate governance principles, as developed by this committee in 2016, is stressed by these $1.5 trillion of investment losses. This paper has developed lessons learned from these scandals which reinforce these corporate governance principles as a pathway to avoid such malpractices in the future. Attention should be particularly paid to the violations of two critical principles which amassed the majority of these investment losses: Principle I. Board of Directors – Composition and Internal Governance, especially Composition and Independence and Director Effectiveness, and Principle IV. Public Reporting, especially Transparency and Non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.