bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Implementation of Theoretical Teaching Reforms in the Water Environmental Chemistry Course
Authors: Li Haixiang , Zeng Honghu , Sin Jin Chung , Lam Sze-Mun
Published: January 2025

"Water Environmental Chemistry” is a crucial component of Environmental Chemistry and serves as an elective course in the field of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering. This article systematically examines the existing issues in the current teaching process from multiple perspectives and proposes targeted directions for future teaching reforms. These reforms aim to reflect professional characteristics and enhance the quality of applied talent cultivation. Post-reform, the course is expected to boost the enthusiasm and initiative of students for learning, improve their problem-solving abilities, and establish a solid foundation for their future career in Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering.
The Private Undergraduate Colleges in China: The Development, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hu Xiaoling , Ghasemy Majid
Published: January 2025

The structure of private undergraduate colleges in China can be confusing because it includes two distinct types: Independent Colleges and Minban Undergraduate Colleges. Research on their development, challenges, and opportunities remains limited. This study uses qualitative document analysis to examine the history, challenges, and prospects of private undergraduate colleges. The findings show that Independent Colleges, which emerged during the late 20th century under the Open-Door Policy, grew quickly but faced criticism for disrupting the balance with Minban Undergraduate Colleges. In response, the Chinese government implemented policies to transform Independent Colleges and support the growth of Minban Undergraduate Colleges, creating a fairer and more competitive environment. Despite these improvements, private undergraduate colleges still face challenges such as funding shortages, limited research capacity, and high faculty turnover. However, changing market conditions and supportive policies offer significant opportunities for growth. This study provides useful insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting the potential of private undergraduate colleges to strengthen China’s higher education system and meet the needs of a rapidly changing economy.
Sinkretisme Agama dan Fungsinya dalam Karya Historiografi Melayu Sulalatus Salatin
Authors: Raja Jaafar Raja Faris Hakimi , Hamdan Rahimah
Published: January 2025

Fungsi Selat Melaka sebagai laluan perdagangan antara Timur dengan Barat menyebab masyarakat Melayu sentiasa terdedah kepada dunia luar sehingga menganut beberapa agama berbeza dari satu zaman ke zaman yang lain. Walaupun telah memeluk Islam seawal kurun ke-13 Masihi, agama dan kepercayaan yang lampau masih menebal malahan dipertindankan dengan agama Islam sehingga membentuk sinkretisme dalam pandangan Alam Melayu. Hal tersebut terpancar dalam penulisan yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat ini termasuklah Sulalatus Salatin yang merupakan salah satu karya historiografi terawal serta terpenting dalam sejarah kesusasteraan Melayu. Namun, sebagai karya yang dihasilkan di bawah naungan istana, Sulalatus Salatin ditulis dengan memasukkan idea-idea tertentu yang menjurus kepada kepentingan golongan raja. Persoalannya, apakah fungsi sinkretisme agama dipaparkan dalam Sulalatus Salatin? Bagaimanakah kemasukan sinkretisme e agama mampu memberi manfaat kepada raja, sesuai dengan tujuan asal penulisan karya historiografi? Bertitik-tolak dari itu, kajian ini dilakukan dengan dua objektif iaitu untuk mengenal pasti elemen sinkretisme agama dalam pandangan Alam Melayu tradisional, serta menganalisis fungsi sinkretisme agama dalam karya historiografi Melayu Sulalatus Salatin. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah analisis teks terhadap Sulalatus Salatin serta kaedah kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan bahan rujukan mengenai sinkretisme agama. Kajian ini mendapati, elemen magis adalah tumpuan utama masyarakat Melayu dalam mana-mana agama yang sedang atau pernah dianutinya. Oleh itu, elemen magis yang diwarisi dari zaman pra-Islam tidak disingkirkan sepenuhnya bahkan melengkapi elemen magis dalam agama Islam. Sumbangan kajian ini mendapati elemen agama amat penting dalam mengangkat legitimasi raja agar kedudukannya sebagai pemerintah berdaulat terus terpelihara dalam sesebuah negara kota.
Reliability and Validity of An Instrument Modified Based on The TAM for Piano Learning
Authors: Huang Wenjun , Poon Chiew Hwa , Wang I Ta
Published: January 2025

This study aims to modify and assess the validity and reliability of an instrument designed to measure middle school students' perceptions of using a short video platform as an aid in piano learning. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was chosen as the theoretical framework because it is a well-established model for assessing user acceptance of technology. The absence of instruments for assessing TAM-based attitudes limits a comprehensive understanding of students' acceptance and the effectiveness of these platforms. The instrument of the current study is based on the modified model by Lee et al. (2009) following the Learners' Acceptance of E-learning framework. Models of self-directed learning and perceived satisfaction are incorporated into the original framework (service quality constructs, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intent to use). The instrument was distributed to 100 students and 95 valid responses were returned. Instrument content was modified from the four established instruments from past studies and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of each construct was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and the internal consistency of individual items within each construct was assessed using Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC). The findings indicate that the Cronbach's alpha values for all constructs were between 0.812 and 0.9, which ensures their internal reliability. Ultimately, 33 out of 36 items are retained. The results indicate that the instrument is valid and reliable.
Analysis of psychomotor skills and their contribution to the socio-affective development of 5-year-old children
Authors: Medina-Marchena Melva
Published: January 2025

Socio-affective development in 5-year-olds is characterized by significant growth in their ability to understand and manage their emotions and interact with others. Children begin to develop empathy at this age, understanding how their actions may affect others. In this work, psychomotor skills in 5-year-old children have been analyzed, to know its effect on socio-emotional behavior. To this end, a documentary review of academic and research material has been carried out, where the main characteristics that link psychomotor skills with socio-affective behavior were identified. The main results revealed a close relationship and that promoting programs that promote psychomotor skills in school, contributes significantly to improving children's social and emotional behavior.
Methodology for fostering historical interpretation in the classroom
Authors: Tumi Anton Blas Enrique , Pacherres Valladares Maria Elena , Velez Guaylupo Jessica Alcira
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a scientific essay on the relevance of "The Vitruvian Man" in the social sciences, highlighting its historical, scientific, and cultural value. The main philosophical elements that compose it are described and a look at the social and cultural impact of the time is given, as well as the repercussions today. This figure is analyzed as a drawing involving science, technology,y, and society transcending historical and geographical spaces. In this essay, the author highlights the importance of the technical sciences in conjunction with the social sciences. In this sense, "The Vitruvian Man" not only represents an icon of the Renaissance and a bridge between disciplines, symbolizing the search for balance and harmony in human knowledge. This essay highlights how the interplay between science, art, and society has shaped the understanding of the human body and how we conceive of our place in the world. This reaffirms that interdisciplinary contributions are essential to face contemporary challenges and promote an integrated vision of human progress.
Editorial
Authors: Subía Cabrera Andrea
Published: January 2025

La Revista Justicia (s), en el Volumen 3, Número 2, de diciembre de 2024, cuyo monográfico se titula “Derecho a la ciudad, seguridad y territorio”, reflexiona respecto al derecho a la ciudad: inteligente, sostenible, segura e inclusiva. Debido a que, en el mundo el 55% de la población reside en las ciudades, y en particular, que Latinoamérica es la zona geográfica con el mayor número de habitantes urbanos; espacios en los cuales miles de personas viven en tugurios, villas miseria y barrios marginados, junto a otras que, residen en zonas con todos los servicios, conformando una ciudad contradictoria y en disputa (Slavin, 2021)
Entrevista a: PhD. Pablo Slavin. El derecho a la ciudad. de la teoría a la práctica
Authors: Páez Terreros Daniel
Published: January 2025

La entrevista a Pablo Slavin PhD, reflexiona sobre los desafíos del derecho a la ciudad en el contexto actual, con fundamento en las desigualdades interseccionales, los efectos del neoliberalismo, el impacto de las tecnologías digitales y el protagonismo de los movimientos sociales en la construcción de ciudades más justas y democráticas. El propósito de esta entrevista es explorar, desde la visión de Pablo Slavin PhD., cómo el derecho a la ciudad puede responder a las problemáticas multidimensionales que enfrentan las ciudades contemporáneas. Se analiza la integración de las interseccionalidades de género, raza, clase y otras identidades en este marco, examina los efectos del modelo neoliberal en la vida urbana y propone estrategias para avanzar hacia un modelo de ciudad equitativo.
Entrevista a: MSc. José Luis Vacacela Jaramillo la imputabilidad como presupuesto indispensable de la culpabilidad: trastorno mental comprobado en el ámbito del derecho penal ecuatoriano
Authors: Santillán Montenegro Leslie
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de esta entrevista fue analizar los fundamentos jurídicos y procesales que sustentan la inimputabilidad en casos de trastorno mental comprobado en el marco del proceso penal ecuatoriano. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario que aborda criterios técnico-jurídicos sobre la intersección entre la norma penal y la materialidad de esta, con especial énfasis en la comprensión integral de la inimputabilidad. La entrevista destaca la importancia de una comprensión integral del caso, que considere no solo los aspectos médicos, sino también la complejidad jurídica de la responsabilidad penal en contextos de trastorno mental comprobado.
21. Yüzyıl Matematik Eğitiminde Yapay Zekâ: Teknolojik Dönüşümde Global Stratejiler
Authors: Kara Ezgi
Published: January 2025

Dijitalleşme ile yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojileri hem ülke stratejilerinde hem de eğitim sistemlerinde köklü değişimlere yol açmıştır. 21. yüzyıl becerileri teknolojik dönüşüm perspektifinde tanımlanmış ve bu kapsamda eğitim-öğretim uygulamalarında güncel yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Makalede, tespit edilen bu becerilerde matematik eğitiminin rolü ve önemi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, matematik eğitiminin bireyleri YZ tabanlı iş gücüne hazırlama ve bilgi tüketicisinden bilgi üreticisine dönüştürme misyonunu desteklemesi için gerekli argümanların sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, matematik müfredatlarının YZ üretimi için gerekli temel becerileri kazandıracak şekilde yenide yapılandırılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bunun için YZ teknolojilerinin üretim aşamalarında kullanılan matematik konuları verilmiştir. Bu temel konuların hangi öğretim düzeylerinde öğretilebileceği ile ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
YZ araçlarının eğitim-öğretime entegrasyonu, bireysel öğrenme hızına uyum sağlayan kişiselleştirilmiş öğrenme gibi olanaklar sunmaktadır. Makalede, eğitimde kullanılan YZ tabanlı araçların sistem türü ve kullanıldığı alanlar sınıflandırılmıştır. Matematik eğitimi ölçeğinde daraltılarak YZ tabanlı araçların özellikleri, sunduğu imkanlar ve örnek YZ araçları ayrıca sunulmuştur. Araçların eğitim-öğretim sürecindeki katkıları detaylandırılmış ve mevcut geleneksel duruma etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Yeni yüzyılda matematik eğitiminde YZ’nin rolü, küresel başarı örnekleri ile ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla OECD ve UNESCO gibi uluslararası kuruluşların verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Matematik ve YZ eğitimi üzerine yazılmış bilimsel makaleler, raporlar ve diğer akademik kaynaklar üzerinden kapsamlı bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Özellikle PISA değerlendirmelerinde matematik alanında yüksek başarı göstermeleri nedeniyle Singapur ve Çin uygulamaları detaylı incelenmiş, eğitim politikaları ve kullandıkları YZ teknolojileri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca makalede Türkiye’de yürütülen YZ stratejileri eğitim bağlamında incelenerek öneriler sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın temel amacı, matematik eğitiminde YZ’nin rolünü daha iyi anlamak ve bu alandaki eksiklikleri belirleyerek strateji geliştiricilere yol göstermektir. Elde edilen bulgular betimsel analiz yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiş ve sonuçlar ışığında öneriler sunulmuştur.
Özel Yetenekli Birey Olarak Tanılanmanın Ortaöğretim Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bu Bireylerin Kariyer Planları
Authors: Özdemir Melih Burak
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel yetenekli birey olarak tanılanmanın ortaöğretim öğrencileri üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu bireylerin kariyer planlarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması olup, veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2024-2025 eğitim-öğretim yılında Fen lisesine devam eden yirmi (20) özel yetenekli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ve alanında uzman akademisyenlerin görüşleri alınarak son hali verilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu özel yetenekli birey olarak tanılanmanın kendileri üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğunu ve çevrelerinden de olumlu geri dönütler aldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Eğitim ortamında karşılaştıkları güçlükleri ise; birden fazla kuruma devam etmenin yorgunluğu, daha fazla görev/sorumluluk ve ödev, yapamadığında hissedilen gerginlik vb. ifade etmişlerdir. Kariyer planları noktasında ise öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun kendilerinden emin bir şekilde tek bir kariyer planı yaptıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak özel yetenekli bireylerin çevrelerinden algıladıkları sosyal destek ne kadar anlamlı olursa, bu bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlılıklarının da o denli güçlü olacağı yorumunda bulunulabilir. Evde, okulda ya da sosyal çevrelerinde zengin uyarıcıların sunulması, bu bireylerin gelişimlerini destekleyici ve itici bir güç etkisi yaratabilir. Ayrıca, geleceğin inşası noktasında eğitimin fonksiyonları dikkate alındığında özel yetenekli bireylerin eğitimine olan özenin önemi de yadsınamaz.
Academic Grit and Mathematical Mindset of BSEd-Mathematics Students in a State University
Authors: Aransado Jefry E. , Prudente Maricar S.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the academic grit and mathematical mindset of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics (BSEd-Math) students at a state university in Naval, Biliran, Philippines, during the academic year 2024–2025. Using a descriptive survey design, the research employed validated instruments, the Academic Grit Scale and Mathematical Mindset Scale, to assess perseverance and mindset attributes. The findings revealed that students demonstrated high levels of academic grit (M = 4.19, SD = 0.52) and very high levels of mathematical mindset (M = 4.33, SD = 0.43). No significant differences were observed in these traits based on sex, age, or year level, highlighting their consistency across demographic groups. A positive, moderate correlation (rₛ = 0.442, p < 0.001) was found between academic grit and mathematical mindset, indicating a reinforcing relationship. The results underscored the importance of resilience and growth-oriented beliefs in fostering academic success, particularly in mathematics. Challenges such as balancing academic responsibilities with personal interests were identified, revealing opportunities for further support. Based on these findings, the study recommended implementing mindset-oriented teaching practices, offering workshops on time management and stress reduction, and fostering environments that encouraged perseverance and continuous learning. These insights aimed to guide educators and policymakers in enhancing student engagement and achievement in mathematics education.
Employee Training Cost and Shareholder Value of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Shekwolo Ann , Peters George T.
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the relationship between employee training cost and shareholder value of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. To achieve the specific aim of the study; the study assessed the relationship that exists between employee training cost and cash flow return on investment of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. 191 top and middle managers randomly selected from top twenty oil and gas companies formed the population of this study. Using census sampling technique 191 formed the sample size; meanwhile, the instrument for data collection was the questionnaire rated on five-point Likert scale. Data collected from the respondents through the use of questionnaire were analyzed with the aid of a Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for the purpose of examining the nature and associations existing between the variables. Based on the findings, it is revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between employee training cost and shareholder value. Hence, the study recommends that the management of oil and gas companies should regularly disclose employee training cost as it has been proven to enhance shareholder value when measured with cash flow return on investment
Macraspis chrysis (L., 1764) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) asociado con Mangifera indica L. en Bágala, Chiriquí, Panamá
Authors: Araúz-Ábrego Edgar , Santos-Murgas Alonso , Collantes - González Rubén Darío
Published: January 2025

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la especie de escarabajo de coloración verde metálica, encontrada alimentándose de flores y follaje de mango (Mangifera indica L.), en Bágala, distrito de Boquerón, provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá (8°29’3” N 82°32’5” O, 127 msnm).  La investigación fue de carácter conservacionista, descriptivo y exploratorio. Los especímenes fueron fotografiados en campo y se colectaron algunos para observar en detalle caracteres morfológicos, consultándose literatura especializada y comparando dicho material con una colección de referencia para confirmar la identidad del insecto. De acuerdo con los resultados, la especie se identificó como Macraspis chrysis (L., 1764) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), la cual en su etapa adulta tiene hábitos diurnos, se alimenta del néctar de flores y por su coloración llamativa tienen potencial de ser aprovechados como recurso ecoturístico; mientras que, en sus estados larvarios se alimentan de troncos en proceso de descomposición. M. chrysis está presente desde México hasta Paraguay y se ha reportado su presencia en varias localidades de Panamá. En conclusión, el conocer más sobre la biodiversidad presente en los agroecosistemas ayuda a comprender las dinámicas complejas que ocurren en el mismo, así como los servicios naturales que pueden ser aprovechados en aras del desarrollo sostenible.
Determinants of Government Debt in ASEAN-5 Nations: An ARDL Analysis of Economic Factors
Authors: Helmi bin Hidthiir Mohammad , Ahmad Zaki , Kai Lun Lee , Mansur Mustazar , Abdalla Mohammed Abubakr Ayman , Sahal Gomaa Sahal Mastora
Published: January 2025

In the context of the global health crisis and economic downturn, ASEAN nations experienced a significant rise in public debt, highlighting the need to examine key economic determinants for sustainable debt management. This study investigates the impact of budget balance, real interest rate, current account balance, and GDP growth on public debt in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) from 1990 to 2021. Using the ARDL model, the findings suggest that, except for Indonesia and Singapore, budget balance has a negative correlation with public debt in both the short and long run, while real interest rates exhibit a significant positive long-run relationship across all countries. The current account balance shows a significant positive relationship with public debt in Indonesia and the Philippines, whereas GDP growth reveals a positive long-run impact only in Singapore, with other countries showing a negative impact. In the short run, budget balance and interest rates have more immediate effects, while GDP growth and current account balances show delayed impacts, becoming more significant in the long run. Policy implications suggest that maintaining budget discipline and managing interest rates are key strategies for controlling debt, though country-specific approaches are necessary given the mixed effects of GDP growth and current account balances. The study acknowledges limitations such as data gaps and the exclusion of variables like inflation and exchange rates, which may affect the generalizability of the results across different economic conditions.
Challenges Faced by Migrant Students in Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Legal, Psychological, and Economic Barriers
Authors: Abdusamatov Khasanboy , Babajanova Dinara , Egamberdiev Dilshodjon , Xodjiyev Yunus , Tukhtaev Uktamjon , Yusupov Nodirbek , Shoislomova Sitora
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the multifaceted challenges faced by migrant students in educational settings, focusing on legal, psychological, and economic barriers. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive analysis. A survey was conducted with 500 migrant students from various educational institutions across five countries, examining their experiences with legal, psychological, and economic challenges. In addition, 50 in-depth interviews with educators, policy makers, and migration experts were conducted to gain insights into systemic issues. The study revealed that migrant students face significant challenges across all three dimensions—legal, psychological, and economic. Over 60% of students in the study cited issues with residency permits, affecting their eligibility for financial aid, participation in extracurricular activities, and in some cases, their ability to enroll in school at all. Over 70% of the surveyed students reported experiencing social isolation, bullying, or discrimination in school environments. This negatively affected their academic performance and mental well-being. Financial instability was another prominent barrier, with 65% of the migrant students’ families reporting difficulty in affording school supplies, technology, or transportation to school. The study concludes that legal, psychological, and economic barriers significantly hinder the educational outcomes of migrant students. Legal documentation issues prevent many students from fully participating in educational programs, while psychological challenges such as social isolation and mental health struggles lead to poorer academic performance. Economic barriers exacerbate these issues by limiting access to necessary educational resources and support.
Current State of Logistics Development and Its Role in the China’s Regional Economy
Authors: Sun Xiaomei , Zhumadilov Amangeldi , Myrzalieva Madina , Kazakov Avaz , Akmatova Aigerim
Published: January 2025

In modern conditions logistics plays a particularly important role in the context of the development of the country, as it allows more effective development of other areas of economic activity of the country due to the speed and quality of movement of goods or people. This study examined this area in China in comparison with data from Kyrgyzstan. The main methods used during the study were analysis, historical method, forecasting, comparison. The study investigated the role of logistics in regional development, drawing on the experience of Kyrgyzstan and China. The objectives of regional development policy were shown at the beginning, emphasizing the importance of a balanced distribution of resources and economic activities between regions. Logistics becomes a key factor in achieving these goals, ensuring connectivity, economic growth, and efficiency in resource allocation. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the unique challenges and opportunities faced by Kyrgyzstan in the logistics sector. For this, the study also considered selected statistical data that can characterize this area. The paper also presented comparative data of China’s logistics industry, demonstrating its complexity and crucial role in global trade. Assessing the country’s experience, strategic ideas for improving the logistics industry in Kyrgyzstan were also presented, which included many diverse types of recommendations. The study brings new knowledge in the field of logistics for its development in the country, as well as provides an opportunity to assess the state of these areas in China and Kyrgyzstan.
Business Performance Model: The Role of Management Abilities and Entrepreneurial Character in Penta helix Coaching Collaboration
Authors: Mudjijah Slamet , Dita Meirina Astrid , Bagus Artanta Priyambada
Published: January 2025

This research aims to reveal the impact of the Penta-Helix collaborative business coaching process on entrepreneurial character, management abilities, and business performance. The study used a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 250 active members of the Tangerang MSME community. The research sample was 150 MSMEs. Data was processed using SEM PLS software. The results indicate that coaching improves entrepreneurial character and management abilities but does not directly enhance business performance. This research proves that entrepreneurial character and Management Capability mediate the influence of coaching on business performance. This research provides theoretical implications for developing corporate resource-based strategic management theory, where external parties must mobilize company resources, which are the primary key to achieving business performance. The practical implications of the findings include how they can guide MSME coaching programs. Further research should explore whether collaborative business coaching can directly improve business performance.
Turmeric as a Medicinal Herb
Authors: Yash Sunil Gulhane
Published: January 2025

Turmeric is an ancient spice derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, which is part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Also known as the “Golden Spice of India”, turmeric has been used in India for medicinal purposes for centuries. It is used in traditional medicine as a home remedy for many ailments, including biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic ulcers, peptic disorders, rheumatism and sinusitis. In addition to its use as a spice and pigment, turmeric and its components, mainly curcumin and essential oils, exhibit a wide range of biological activities. These include its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic activities. Modern interest in turmeric began in the 1970s when researchers discovered that the herb may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Safety evaluation studies show that turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at very high doses without toxic effects. Thus, turmeric and its components have the potential to advance modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Keywords-Turkuma Curcuma longa sprain Haridra" or "Haldi, Curcumin
Three Novel Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Stichopus chloronotus with Potent Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Althunibat Osama , Hashim Ridzwan , Taher Muhammad , Daud Jamaludin
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to isolate the active cytotoxic compounds from Stichopus chloronotus. The isolation process was carried out by using successive separation methods including liquid-liquid partitioning, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), size exclusion chromatography, normal and reverse phase chromatography, and HPLC which had been guided by the cytotoxic assay (MTT). The bioassay guided separation technique led to isolation of three new cytotoxic saponins (A, B, and C), which exhibited positive reactions with Liebermann–Burchard reagent. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the interpretation of their spectra upon analyzing them with various spectroscopic methods including infra-red spectrophotometry (IR), one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in addition to the positive mode of electrospray mass analysis (+ESI-MS). Based on the analysis, the structures of the isolated compounds were concluded as triterpene glycosides composed of holostane type aglycones attached to various sulphated sugar units.  The molecular formula of the glycoside A was suggested as C66 H104Na2O36S2 (calculated molecular weight = 1583.62 Da), B as C66H103Na3O40S3 (MW= 1701.66 Da) and glycoside C as C66H100Na4O43S4 (MW= 1801.69 Da).  Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the isolated glycosides (A, B, and C) were evaluated against various cancer cell lines and found that the glycoside C (IC 50 = 0.9-2.4 µM) was the most potent cytotoxic glycoside, followed by glycoside B (IC 50 = 1.3-2.9 µM) and A (IC50 = 2.4-7.5 µM). These findings, therefore, present S. chloronotus as a promising source of novel cytotoxic saponins with potent anti-cancer activities that require further research into their modes of action and therapeutic applications.
Frequency of Malignancy on Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy in Patients with Exudative Pleural Effusion
Authors: Ullah Farhan , Majeed Farhan Ahmed , Umair Bilal , Ullah Muhib , Jawad  , Farhan Warda
Published: January 2025

Objective: To identify the frequency of malignancy upon Video-assisted thoracoscopic pleural biopsy in patients with exudative pleural effusion.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Thoracic Surgery Department, CMH Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan 2022 to Aug 2023.
Methodology: The study included 273 patients having exudative pleural effusion diagnosed upon pleural tap. Patients who had negative cytology and mycobacterial cultures were included in the study. The previous diagnostic procedures, histopathology, along with culture reports, were collected for all patients. Any additional procedures and complications of VATS were also documented in the patients.
Results: Of 273 patients, 183(67.03%) male and 90(32.96%) females. VATS pleural biopsy revealed cancer in 81(29.67%) patients.  Lung cancer was the most frequent malignancy, accounting for 49(17.94%) cases. Mesothelioma was found in 11(4.02%) cases, metastatic carcinoma in 21(7.69%) cases. 128(46.88%) were proven to have tuberculosis, non-specific inflammation was diagnosed in 64(23.44%) cases. VATS-related complications occurred in 34(12.45%) patients. No mortality was observed within 30 days of admission.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions can be safely and efficiently made by VATS pleural biopsy. The most prevalent diagnosis in our setup was pulmonary tuberculosis, followed by malignancies.
Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as an Early Predictor of Severity in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Nafe Bin , Roshnik Ayub  , Awaba Hanya , Abbasi Shehzad Ahmed , Shah Muhammad Yousaf , Muhammad Ans
Published: January 2025

Objective: To establish diagnostic precision regarding platelet-lymphocyte ratio for prophesying the severity of acute biliary pancreatitis in the early diagnostic phase, taking the Computed Tomography Severity Index as the gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Air Force Hospital Mushaf Base, Sargodha Pakistan, Jan to Dec 2023.
Methodology: Two hundred and twenty-five (n=225) patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis lying within an age bracket of 18-70 years (male and female) were inculcated. Patients having chronic diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, end-stage renal and hepatic diseases, and other causes, e.g., Trauma, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, (iatrogenic), hypertriglyceridemia, and alcohol, were excluded. All patients were treated for acute pancreatitis. Seventy-two hours after admission, all patients underwent a Computed Tomography scan for Computed Tomography Severity Index.
Results: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio supported the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis in 99(44.0%) patients. Computed Tomography Severity Index findings confirmed severe acute pancreatitis in 93(41.33%) cases. In patients having platelet-lymphocyte ratio positive, 83 were TP, and 16 were FP. In 126 platelet-lymphocyte ratio-negative patients, 10 were FN, and 116 were TN (p=0.0001). Overall sensitivity was 89.25%, specificity was 87.88%, Positive and negative predictive values were 83.84% and 92.06%
Conclusion: The diagnostic precision of platelet-lymphocyte ratio in forecasting the extent of acute biliary pancreatitis during the early diagnostic stage is quite high.
Breathe Stronger, Walk Farther: Inspiratory Muscle Training Post Lung Resection Surgery A Systematic Review
Authors: Shahzad Sana , Sonia Ayesha , Zaman Danish , Ali Saima , Ahmed Hamza , Raza Muhammad haris
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on functional exercise capacity and pulmonary functions using the six-minute walk test and spirometry in patients undergoing lung resection surgery.
Study Design: Systematic review.
Methodology: Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were selected from four databases, including Google Scholar, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies' quality. Eight randomized controlled trials examined the effectiveness of IMT on pulmonary functions and functional exercise capacity following lung resection surgeries.
Results: High-to-moderate evidence shows that inspiratory muscle training is effective in improving functional exercise capacity and pulmonary functions post-operatively in patients with lung resection surgery.
Conclusion: The conclusions of this systematic review indicated that postoperative inspiratory muscle training, either administered alone or in conjunction with other combined interventions, improved patients' functional pulmonary capacity and further enhanced other outcomes, such as physical activity and muscle strength.
Assessment of Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy Among Medical Students of HITEC-IMS
Authors: Farooq Sidra , Bibi Anwar , Basim Furqan , Khan Waqas , Sani Abdul Rehman , Ali Muhammad Shoaib , Ahmed Aashi
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To Assess Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy among medical students in HITEC-IMS, evaluate their relation to sociodemographic variables, and determine the correlation between Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Medicine, HITEC-IMS, Taxila Pakistan, from Nov 2023 to Apr 2024.
Methodology: Two hundred six participants from MBBS students of HITEC-IMS participated, using a consecutive sampling method (five groups based on year of study). The structured proforma with three parts was used, the first part started with collecting demographic variables. The second part consisted of the pre-validated Mental Health Literacy Scale for assessing Mental Health Literacy, and the third part included the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for evaluating mental health. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis.
Results: Out of total students, 92(41.8%) students were males and 128(58.2%) were females. However, 85(38.6%) students had mild Mental health, 131(59.5%) had moderate mental health and 4(1.8%) had high mental health. Furthermore, 134(60.9%) students had low mental health literacy, 38(17.3%) had below average, 45(20.5%) had average and 3(1.4%) had above average. Correlation between Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy resulting in a considerable positive correlation (r=0.192, p=0.004).
Conclusions: Mental Health Literacy is an important concept, with its relation to Mental Health, highlighting the need for timely interventions necessary for the improvement of Mental Health Literacy, and to achieve meaningful outcomes in the realm of Mental Health.
Immune Response to Dengue Virus Infection: Mechanisms and Implications
Authors: Thuy Linh Dr. Duong , Shabbir Muhammad Nadir
Published: January 2025

Particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, dengue fever is a fast-expanding worldwide health concern with major hazards from severe forms including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. With an eye toward processes including antibody-dependent enhancement, T-cell dysregulation, and the cytokine storm—all of which are vital in the pathophysiology to severe disease—this article discusses the immune-mediated pathogenesis of dengue. A serious issue during heterotypic serotype secondary dengue infections, antibody-dependent enhancement aggravates immune activation and promotes virus multiplication, therefore contributing to severe results. By causing an overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulated T-cell responses exacerbate the situation even more and cause shock and vascular leaks. The consequences of these immune systems for the creation of dengue treatments and vaccines also are covered in the paper. The first licensed vaccination, Dengvaxia®, has sparked questions concerning antibody-dependent enhancement in people who are not dengue-naive, therefore stressing the need of safer substitutes. Though they show promise, new vaccination candidates such TAK-003 and TV003/TV005 need more research. Though further study is required, treatment choices like monoclonal antibodies and antivirals have promise for controlling severe dengue. Future studies underline enhancing vaccination safety, knowledge of immunological pathophysiology, and creation of creative treatments to better control and avoid severe dengue. Reducing the worldwide dengue load and improving disease outcomes in impacted populations depend on addressing these obstacles.
Outcome of Pedicled Perforator Flaps in Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects in Lower One-Third of the Leg
Authors: Ayub Afia , Choudhary Shahid Hameed , Majid Abdul , Faisal Shah , Khalid Liaque , Qureshi Muhammad Umer
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the versatility of pedicled perforator flaps in lower one third of leg in terms of outcomes, postoperative complications and role in early rehabilitation of patients.
Study Design: Observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2019 to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Thirty-seven patients meeting the exclusion and inclusion criteria for reconstruction of lower 1/3rd of leg were included. Pedicled perforator flaps based on the perforators of anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery or peroneal artery was harvested for wound reconstruction. Outcomes of the flaps were measured in terms of wound healing time, donor site management, its complication and return to the work of all patients.
Result: Overall success of pedicled perforator flaps in lower one third of leg was seen in 33(81.1%) patients. Donor site was covered with partial thickness skin graft in 33(89.2%) patients. Complications included 4(10.8%) wound infection, 2(5.4%) partial flap necrosis and 1(2.7%) case of flap failure. Mean healing time of flap was 18.56±11.50 days and patients returned to work in 3±1.39 months.
Conclusion: Pedicled perforator flaps are a technically straightforward procedure, provide localized like-for-like skin coverage of complex wound in lower 1/3rd of leg with excellent results and significantly low complication rate.
Evaluation of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Malik Momna Arooj , Anwar Muhammad , Haroon Zujaja Hina , Bibi Afshan , Munir Muhammad Usman , Younas Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate subclinical thyroid dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients compared to healthy individuals.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from July 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: A total of 437 participants, of which 207 had Type II Diabetes Mellitus and 230 had no comorbidities, were included in the study. Thyroid hormone levels were analyzed from serum samples by chemiluminescent method on automated immunoassay analyzer (Advia centaur). Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare thyroid hormone levels between both groups, and p-value of ≤0.05 was regarded as significant. For risk assessment, frequency and odds ratios, with 95% confidence interval, were determined.
Results: There was a significant difference in the medians of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (p=0.002) and total Triiodothyronine (T3) (p=0.004), while no significant difference was observed in the medians of Free Thyroxine (fT4) (p=0.573) between patients with Type II Diabetes and healthy participants. Diabetic participants had a higher frequency of subclinical thyroid dysfunction than healthy individuals (36% vs 1.3%). Diabetic patients had a greater risk of subclinical thyroid dysfunction than healthy participants (OR: 2.62 vs 0.06) while female participants risk of thyroid dysfunction was higher than males.
Conclusion: Risk of subclinical thyroid dysfunction was greater in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients while subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid dysfunction.
Trends in Nosocomial Blood Stream Infection in PICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Azeem Umer Waqar , Sultana Nighat , Sarwar Muhammad , Shaffqat Ghazala , Jamil Anila , Jamil Sana
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the local pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in the Pediatric intensive care unit of Children Hospital Lahore and its impact on patients’ outcomes.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric intensive care unit of Children Hospital, Lahore Pakistan from Feb 2021 to Feb 2022.
Methodology: All the children who were admitted to Pediatric intensive care unit during the study period were included; those having positive blood culture at admission, discharged, or who died within the 48 hours of admission were excluded. Blood cultures were sent after 48 hours of admission in patients having features suggestive of nosocomial BSI; those having positive blood cultures were considered to have nosocomial bloodstream infection(BSI) as per the definition of CDC. Demographic, microbiological, and other variables were documented.
Results: The mean age of patients was 3.0± 4.7 with age ranges from 1 month to 14 years 734(63.9%) were males and 423 (36.1%) were females. The bloodstream infection was confirmed by a positive blood culture report in 169(14.7%) patients. The normage of patients with BSI (n=169) was 1.6 ±6.04 and the average duration of stay of children with nosocomial BSI was 15.0± 39.97 (p-value < 0.001). The average days of mechanical ventilation in children with nosocomial BSI were 9.0±37.04 (p-value = 0.003).  Among the 
Conclusion: The frequency of nosocomial BSI in PICU is quite high, which in turn is associated with a longer duration of stay and poor outcomes. The emergence of highly resistant organisms,
Kişi Özdeşliği Problemi: Devamlılık Koşuluna Eleştirel Bir Bakış
Authors: Sincar Yusuf
Published: January 2025

Doğumdan ölüme tüm değişimlerimize rağmen, doğal sezgilerimiz bizde hiç değişmeyen bir özü salık verir. İnsanda ölümsüz bir özün varlığına işaret eden bu inanç, tarihte oldukça geriye götürülebilir ve bu “öz” çoğu zaman ruh ile özdeşleştirilerek, ruhu olduğuna inanılan varlıklara aynı zamanda bir “benlik” atfedilir. Bu şekilde dini inanç zemininde başlayan benlik problemi, Locke ile felsefi zemine taşınmıştır. Hume ve Parfit’in de işlediği bu problem, mantıksal bir koşul olarak “devamlılık” ilkesine bağlanmıştır. Ancak "devamlılık" koşulu başlı başına bir problematiğe dönüştürülmemiştir. Tartışmalar, daima "devamlılık" koşuluna yüklenen farklı yorumlamalar çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu makalede, “devamlılık” koşulu Kripke’nin “katı belirleyiciler” (rigid designators) kavramı kullanılarak eleştirilecek ve “devamlılık” koşulunun sağlandığı mümkün bir evrende bilinçler tek düzey olmadığından dolayı kişi özdeşliğinin gerçekleşmediği bir senaryo tanıtlanacaktır. Ancak ondan önce, Hume ve Parfit’in ben’in varlığına yönelik şüphelerine, Descartes’ın özne/ben kanıtlaması ile cevap verilecek ve bu cevaplar sonucunda, kişi özdeşliği probleminde ben'i şart koşmadan yapılan temellendirmeler eleştirilecektir.
Aprendizaje por competencias del Modelo Atómico de Bohr a través del programa Autoplay en educación superior
Authors: Zeledón Herrera Gretell Judith , Pérez Aguilar Kathering Amada , Laguna Laguna Yirlanis Jaleska , Herrera Castrillo Cliffor Jerry
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación desarrollada en el ámbito de la educación superior, enfocándose en la utilización del programa Autoplay Media Studio para la elaboración y desarrollo de guías de aprendizaje con un enfoque por competencias sobre el Modelo Atómico de Bohr, correspondiente al componente de Física Cuántica. El objetivo principal del estudio fue validar la efectividad de Autoplay Media Studio en el desarrollo de capacidades, habilidades, destrezas, actitudes y valores que faciliten el análisis de información científica por parte de los estudiantes. La investigación se desarrolló dentro del marco del enfoque mixto, diseño preexperimental e investigación acción sobre una muestra de 23 estudiantes y un docente. Se aplicaron técnicas como revisión documental, cuestionarios, entrevistas, rúbricas y pruebas estandarizadas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial (t de Student, factor de Bayes₁₀ y W de Wilcoxon) para parte cuantitativa y la categorización parte cualitativa. Se concluye que Autoplay Media Studio es un medio eficaz para producir materiales educativos atractivos y visualmente estimulantes, los cuales pueden ser utilizados por docentes y estudiantes.
Traducción y cosmovisión en nuevos y viejos cronistas y creadores del mundo quechua
Authors: Huamán López Carlos
Published: January 2025

En el presente ensayo se analizan cánticos y poemas religiosos quechuas, tanto de autores antiguos como contemporáneos, con el objetivo de demostrar que la comprensión y traducción del discurso nativo quechua pasan por entender la naturaleza de su cosmogonía y de sus lenguas originarias. Las obras analizadas representan la permanencia y continuidad de la memoria cultural quechua. Más allá de cualquier intento de borrarla bajo acusaciones de “idolatría” o de otros calificativos que buscan menoscabarla, estas obras son manifestaciones de un contra discurso frente al hegemónico hispano.