bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Hock Ong Ghim , Cheng Ho Cheng , Fang Vivian Lim Bi , Yong Wong Yieng , Shing Wong Ling
Published: June 2018

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.
A noniterative sample size procedure for tests based on t distributions
Authors: Tang Yongqiang
Published: June 2018

A noniterative sample size procedure is proposed for a general hypothesis test based on the t distribution by modifying and extending Guenther's approach for the one sample and two sample t tests. The generalized procedure is employed to determine the sample size for treatment comparisons using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the mixed effects model for repeated measures in randomized clinical trials. The sample size is calculated by adding a few simple correction terms to the sample size from the normal approximation to account for the nonnormality of the t statistic and lower order variance terms, which are functions of the covariates in the model. But it does not require specifying the covariate distribution. The noniterative procedure is suitable for superiority tests, noninferiority tests, and a special case of the tests for equivalence or bioequivalence and generally yields the exact or nearly exact sample size estimate after rounding to an integer. The method for calculating the exact power of the two sample t test with unequal variance in superiority trials is extended to equivalence trials. We also derive accurate power formulae for ANCOVA and mixed effects model for repeated measures, and the formula for ANCOVA is exact for normally distributed covariates. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methods particularly in small samples.
Structural Modeling of New Polymorphism Clusters of HCV Polymerase Isolated from Direct‐Acting Antiviral Naïve Patients: Focus on Dasabuvir and Setrobuvir Binding Affinity
Authors: Romeo Isabella , Marascio Nadia , Pavia Grazia , Talarico Carmine , Costa Giosuè , Alcaro Stefano , Artese Anna , Torti Carlo , Liberto Maria Carla , Focà Alfredo
Published: June 2018

Management of Hepatitis C virus infection changed after the development of direct‐acting antiviral agents, including NS5B polymerase inhibitors. However, the presence of non‐synonymous substitutions could lead to therapy failure. Herein, we analyzed novel polymorphism clusters in NS5B polymerase from Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtype 1b isolates of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) naïve patients by Sanger population sequencing. By means of computational approaches, we investigated the impact of these polymorphisms on the apo‐polymerase stability and on the binding affinity of dasabuvir and setrobuvir. Our thermodynamic and structural analysis highlighted that some mutational patterns could enhance or reduce the drug's affinity if compared to the wild‐type complexes and allowed us to well characterize the binding mode of the known drugs into the NS5B binding pocket. Our computational findings agreed with dasabuvir and setrobuvir in vitro reduced binding affinities against C316N mutant and could be useful in guiding the therapeutic approaches in presence of specific natural polymorphisms on HCV polymerase.
Synthesis, Antioxidant Evaluation, Density Functional Theory Study of Dihydropyrimidine Festooned Phenothiazines
Authors: Padmavathy Krishnaraj , Krishnan Kannan Gokula , Kumar Chandran Udhaya , Sutha Peramasivan , Sivaramakarthikeyan Ramar , Ramalingan Chennan
Published: June 2018

A series of dihydropyrimidine decorated phenothiazine and their derivatives 7 a‐7 i possessing a diverse range of functionalities such as isopropyl, methoxy, chloro, fluoro, nitro, naphthyl have been synthesized by adopting a multistep synthetic strategy and characterized using various physical and spectroscopic techniques. Preliminary antioxidant evaluation of all the molecules has been executed and exerted activity upto 69.34% (IC50 148 μM) with respect to the standard ascorbic acid. Computational studies of a representative molecule 7 a have also been executed and appropriate results are compared with the experimental ones. The optimized structure with their bonding features and vibrational frequencies of 7 a have been determined by employing DFT−B3LYP method with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. The theoretically calculated and experimentally resulted vibrational frequencies of 7 a are in good harmony with each other. Further, the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of 7 a have been calculated by the Gauge Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) technique and compared with the experimental ones.
Total Synthesis of Natural Product Piperodione and Its Analogues
Authors: Tiwari Praveen Kumar , Ballav Hemkalyan , Aidhen Indrapal Singh
Published: June 2018

Two new approaches for the synthesis of natural product piperodione, secondary metabolite have been achieved. Hitherto, unknown and easily accessible piperidine and morpholine based α‐ketoamide phosphoranes obtained from pyruvic acid have served as key building blocks for synthesis based on Wittig reaction. The alkylation of β‐keto esters with 3‐bromo derivative of pyruvic acid amides has been equally successful. Both the developed routes have enabled access to several new analogues of piperodione, opening up opportunities for systematic structure activity relationships studies during evaluation of biological activity.
Study on the Electromagnetic Field, Fluid Flow, and Solidification in a Bloom Continuous Casting Mold by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Shaoxiang , Lan Peng , Tang Haiyan , Tie Zhanpeng , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: June 2018

Based on the Maxwell's equations and low‐Reynolds number turbulence model, a coupled three‐dimensional numerical model has been developed to describe the electromagnetic field, fluid flow, and solidification in a bloom continuous casting mold with electromagnetic stirring (M‐EMS). The optimum frequency is obtained by calculating the maximum electromagnetic torque of the strand with consideration of mold tube shield effect. The effect of stirring current intensity on the turbulent flow, temperature distribution, and shell growth has been investigated numerically. According to the simulation results, the electromagnetic force with a circumferential distribution on the strand transverse section, and a swirling flow field along the axial direction of the strand are observed in the mold region with the application of M‐EMS. It is shown that the melt maximum swirling flow velocity decreases from 0.420 to 0.226 m s−1 and the flow field changes remarkably when solidification is involved in the model. With the current intensity increasing from 260 to 500 A, the swirling flow intensifies significantly, which prevents the superheated molten steel moving downwards to the liquid core and promotes the superheat dissipation in mold.
Molecularly imprinted cryogel columns for Concanavalin A purification from jack bean extract
Authors: Çimen Duygu , Bereli Nilay , Andaç Müge , Denizli Adil
Published: June 2018

Concanavalin A, one of most studied lectins for the purification of glycoproteins and sugars, is selected as a model protein. In this study, a Concanavalin A imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) supermacroporous cryogel was prepared for the purification of Concanavalin from jack bean extract. N‐Methacryloyl‐l‐histidine methyl ester with nickel(II) ions was used as the metal ion coordination complex. Concanavalin A imprinted cryogels were characterized by swelling degree, surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomography measurements. Concanavalin A rebinding and desorption on Concanavalin A imprinted and non‐imprinted cryogels were measured using a continuous system. Selective binding studies were carried out in the presence of Concanavalin B and bovine serum albumin. The selectivity studies were confirmed by fast protein liquid chromatography studies using jack bean extract from Canavalia ensiformis.
A new selection principle for model compounds in quantitative structure–retention relationship by HPLC for the determination of n‐octanol/water partition coefficients of bisphenols
Authors: Han Shuying , Song Yilin , Guan Hanyu , Chen Tao , Chi Yumei , Deng Haishan
Published: June 2018

The n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) is an important parameter for evaluating the migration rules of pollutants in food, as well as assessing their risks to environment and biology. A high‐performance liquid chromatography method based on the quantitative structure–retention relationship was used for Kow determination in this work. The logkw–S linear relationship was established between the slope S of the Snyder–Soczewinski equation, and its intercept, which represents the logarithm of the high‐performance liquid chromatography retention factor of the solute corresponding to 100% water as the mobile phase (logkw) in methanol/water binary system. As a criterion of material structure similarity, the linearity of the logkw–S relationship was used to assess the rationality of the selected model compounds. Based on this principle, 18 analogues with reliable experimental Kow data were chosen as the quantitative structure–retention relationship model compounds for establishing linear relationship between the logarithm of apparent n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (logKow″) and logkw. A good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.976), as well as satisfactory results in internal and external validation (the cross‐validated correlation coefficient R2cv of 0.971, and relative error ≤8.8% for nine validation compounds) indicated the reliability and accuracy of the proposed quantitative structure–retention relationship model to predict the Kow. This model was applied to measure the Kow of 11 bisphenols, and the predicted data were compared with software‐calculated values. The result suggests that the method for Kow determination developed in this work is accurate and provides a new protocol to determine the Kow accurately. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on measured Kow data for these bisphenols.
Integrated response surface methodology and UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS quantitation to investigate the salt‐processing chemistry of traditional Chinese medicines: A case study on Achyranthes bidentata
Authors: Tao Yi , Ni Jia , Li Weidong , Cai Baochang
Published: June 2018

A sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry approach for the quantification of eight bioactive constituents, including β‐ecdysterone, 25S‐inokosterone, achyranthoside D, ginsenoside Ro, chikusetsusaponin IV, achyranthoside C, chikusetsaponin IVa, and 13‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, in raw and salt‐processed Achyranthes bidentata was developed and validated. Response surface methodology was employed for optimization of three parameters of ultrasound‐assisted extraction process, including the extraction time, methanol percentage, and solvent volume, to give optimum extraction conditions as follows: extraction time of 40.2 min, methanol percentage 67.2% v/v, and solvent volume of 48.4 mL. The established approach was interrogated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability as well as recovery. Intra‐ and inter‐assay variability for all analytes ranged from 1.6 to 3.1% and from 2.0 to 3.2%, respectively. The standard addition method determined recovery rates for each analyte (99.2–103.6%). In addition, the developed approach was applied to 20 batches of collected raw samples of Achyranthes bidentata and their salt‐processed products. After salt‐processing, the contents of β‐ecdysterone, 25S‐inokosterone, achyranthoside D, chikusetsusaponin IV and achyranthoside C were elevated, while the content of ginsenoside Ro was decreased. The results showed that experimental design in combination with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry quantification provided insights into the chemistry alteration between raw Achyranthes bidentata and its salt‐processed product.
Time‐Dependent Rheological Behavior of Starch‐Based Thickeners and Herb Infusion Dispersions for Dysphagia Management
Authors: Martínez Macarena P. , Troncoso Elizabeth , Robert Paz , Quezada Camilo , Zúñiga Rommy N.
Published: June 2018

The causes of dysphagia include neurological conditions and cancer. Swallowing impairment of liquids represents a risk of aspiration, pneumonia, dehydration, and nutritional deficiencies. Commercial thickeners often based on modified cornstarch address this issue. The herb Matico (Buddleja globosa Hope) is used as a wound‐healing adjuvant treatment for oral mucositis caused by cancer therapies. This study analyzes the flow behavior of Matico infusion with two thickeners, Thick & EasyTM, and Enterex® Food Thickener at three concentrations. A rheological assessment is performed (20 ± 1 °C subsequent intervals: 1–100 s−1, constant shear step at 100 s−1, and 100–1 s−1, each one with a 120 s span) at five time points (0–60 min). Rheological behavior is adjusted to the Herschel–Bulkley model. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are obtained for yield stress (σ0), consistency coefficient (K), and flow behavior index (n) between time‐points, supporting the increase in apparent viscosity (ηa) during rest. Shear thinning, Bingham plastic, and shear thickening behaviors are obtained for the three concentrations 4.5, 6.75, and 9.0 g 100 mL−1. Besides, a non‐reported rheopectic effect is found at the highest concentration, showing a consistent increase in ηa. These findings reveal the critical effect of time on thickener dispersions that might reduce safety and efficiency during the eating process.
MuMonDE: A framework for evaluating model clone detectors using model mutation analysis
Authors: Stephan Matthew , Cordy James R.
Published: June 2018

Model‐driven engineering is an increasingly prevalent approach in software engineering where models are the primary artifacts throughout a project's life cycle. A growing form of analysis and quality assurance in these projects is model clone detection, which identifies similar model elements. As model clone detection research and tools emerge, methods must be established to assess model clone detectors and techniques. In this paper, we describe the MuMonDE framework, which researchers and practitioners can use to evaluate model clone detectors using mutation analysis on the models each detector is geared towards. MuMonDE applies mutation testing in a novel way by randomly mutating model elements within existing projects to emulate various types of clones that can exist within that domain. It consists of 2 main phases. The mutation phase involves determining the mutation targets, selecting the appropriate mutation operations, and injecting mutants. The second phase, evaluation, involves detecting model clones, preprocessing clone reports, analyzing those reports to calculate recall and precision, and visualizing the data. We introduce MuMonDE by describing each phase in detail. We present our experiences and examples in successfully developing a MuMonDE implementation capable of evaluating Simulink model clone detectors. We validate MuMonDE by demonstrating its ability to answer evaluation questions and provide insights based on the data it generates. With this research using mutation analysis, our goal is to improve model clone detection and its analytical capabilities, thus improving model‐driven engineering as a whole.
Fetal cardiac tumor: echocardiography, clinical outcome and genetic analysis in 53 cases
Authors: Chen J. , Wang J. , Sun H. , Gu X. , Hao X. , Fu Y. , Zhang Y. , Liu X. , Zhang H. , Han L. , He Y.
Published: June 2018

Objective

To analyze the imaging and clinical features of fetal cardiac tumors, and to explore the relationship between tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and cardiac rhabdomyoma in the fetus.

Methods

Fifty‐three women pregnant with a fetus affected by cardiac tumor(s) were examined by standardized fetal echocardiography (FE), and fetuses, mothers and fathers, including other relevant family members if necessary, underwent familial TSC genetic testing. Relevant pathological features, including pathological findings at clinical examination of liveborn infants and autopsy findings in terminated cases, were noted.

Results

Of the 53 fetuses, 37 had multiple cardiac tumors and 16 had a single cardiac tumor detected by FE. In all 53 fetuses and their families, TSC genetic testing was successful, showing that 37 of the fetuses had a TSC1 (n = 6) or TSC2 (n = 31) pathogenic or suspected pathogenic mutation, of which 25 were spontaneous and 12 were familial mutations. The proportion of single and multiple cardiac tumors at FE was significantly different between the group of fetuses with positive genetic test results and that with negative results for TSC (31% and 86%, respectively), although the presence of multiple or single tumors was not associated with the type of TSC mutation. The decision to terminate the pregnancy was made by 45 women and their families, and eight fetuses were liveborn. Autopsy was performed in 38 fetuses, which revealed 36 cases with pathologically confirmed cardiac rhabdomyoma, one case of hemangioma and one case of fibroma. 93% of fetuses with multiple rhabdomyomas at autopsy and 71% of those with a single cardiac rhabdomyoma harbored a TSC1 or TSC2 mutation.

Conclusion

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumor in the fetus. The correlation between cardiac rhabdomyoma and TSC is strong regardless of the presence of single or multiple tumors. For fetuses with suspected cardiac rhabdomyoma identified by FE, prenatal genetic testing for TSC of both fetus and family members is recommended. A positive genetic diagnosis can help in counseling and planning for neonatal treatment. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Post‐synthetic Modification of a Dinuclear Spin Crossover Iron(III) Complex
Authors: Komatsumaru Yuki , Nakaya Manabu , Kobayashi Fumiya , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: June 2018

The dinuclear iron(III) complex [Fe(salten)2(bipytz)](BPh4)2·EtOH (1) was synthesized and its post‐synthesis modification yielded [Fe(salten)2(bipydz)](BPh4)2·EtOH (2). The crystal structures and magnetic behaviors of 1 and 2 were investigated by variable temperature XRD, magnetic susceptibility, and Mössbauer spectra measurements, with each of these dinuclear iron(III) complexes exhibiting gradual spin crossover behavior.
Synthesis and X‐ray Crystal Structures of Zinc Complexes Supported by Chelating Ligands: Various Reactions of α‐Iminopyridines with ZnEt2
Authors: Wang Haimang , Guo Zhiqiang , Yang Jihong , Cao Wei , Hua Yupeng , Wei Xuehong , Li Jianfeng
Published: June 2018

α‐Iminopyridine (α‐IP) is an important redox‐noninnocent ligand. The substituents on the imino function of α‐IPs have important impact on the reaction selectivity with diethylzinc. For the α‐IPs with a hydrogen substituent on the imino carbon, reduction occurred for the non‐bulky N‐substituents phenyl and 2‐methylphenyl groups, whereas alkyl addition and coupling reactions can be selectively achieved for the sterically bulky N‐substituents 2,6‐dimethylphenyl or 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl group. However, for the α‐IPs with a CH3 substituent on the imino carbon, the deprotonation reaction happened regardless of the N‐substituents of 2‐methylphenyl or 2,6‐dimethylphenyl group. All the products were isolated and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The possible mechanisms of these reactions were also discussed.
Comparison of a Manual and an Automated Tracking Method for Tibetan Plateau Vortices
Authors: Curio Julia , Chen Yongren , Schiemann Reinhard , Turner Andrew G. , Wong Kai Chi , Hodges Kevin , Li Yueqing
Published: June 2018

Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) are mesoscale cyclones originating over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the extended summer season (April–September). Most TPVs stay on the TP, but a small number can move off the TP to the east. TPVs are known to be one of the main precipitation-bearing systems on the TP and moving-off TPVs have been associated with heavy precipitation and flooding downstream of the TP (e.g., in Sichuan province or over the Yangtze River Valley). Identifying and tracking TPVs is difficult because of their comparatively small horizontal extent (400–800 km) and the limited availability of soundings over the TP, which in turn constitutes a challenge for short-term predictions of TPV-related impacts and for the climatological study of TPVs.

In this study k](i) manual tracking (MT) results using radiosonde data from a network over and downstream of the TP are compared with (ii) results obtained by an automated tracking (AT) algorithm applied to ERA-Interim data. Ten MT-TPV cases are selected based on method (i) and matched to and compared with the corresponding AT-TPVs identified with method (ii). Conversely k]ten AT-TPVs are selected and compared with the corresponding MT-TPVs. In general k]the comparison shows good results in cases where the underlying data are in good agreement k]but considerable differences are also seen in some cases and explained in terms of differences in the tracking methods k]data availability/coverage and disagreement between sounding and ERA-Interim data. Recommendations are given for future efforts in TPV detection and tracking k]including in an operational weather forecasting context.
Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases
Authors: Kim Dasom , Chen Zi , Zhou Lin‐Fu , Huang Shou‐Xiong
Published: June 2018

Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long‐term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
MicroRNA‐21 is upregulated during intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Feng , He Dai‐Kun , Fan Xiao‐Ming , Shen Jie
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the expression of miRNA‐21 during intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion. Forty SPF SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly. Intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) was induced by mesenteric artery occlusion for 1 h and reperfusion for 1 h, and the rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after reperfusion. Fresh intestine tissues were immediately isolated for the measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). The levels of cytokines, ICAM‐1, DAO, iFABP and MPO in serum were determined by ELISA. Intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and claudin‐1 were detected by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot analysis. miR‐21 expression in intestinal tissues was measured by RT‐PCR. Compared with sham group, the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 and ICAM‐1, DAO, iFABP and MPO increased while IL‐10 level decreased in intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion group. In addition, the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and claudin‐1 decreased while miR‐21 level increased in intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion group, compared with sham group. In conclusion, miR‐21 expression is upregulated during intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by IRI. miR‐21 may play an important role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function.
C and Sr isotope chemostratigraphy of Vendian–Lower Cambrian carbonate sequences in the central Siberian Platform
Authors: Kochnev B.B. , Pokrovsky B.G. , Kuznetsov A.B. , Marusin V.V.
Published: June 2018

We propose a detailed δ13C curve for the Vendian and Lower Cambrian (Tommotian) strata of the central Siberian Platform. Two positive carbon isotope excursions identified near the base of the Yuryakh Formation (up to 5.5‰) and in the lower Bilir Formation (up to 5‰) are assigned to the lowermost and middle Tommotian, respectively. This correlation is supported by paleontological data, specific 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70845–0.70856), and similar C isotope record in coeval Early Cambrian basins. The documented minor vertical oscillations (a few meters) of these isotope excursions relative to the formation boundaries in remote boreholes is presumably caused by the spatiotemporal migration of facies. A high-amplitude negative δ13C excursion (–8 to –11‰) in the upper Nepa Regional Stage putatively corresponds to the global Shuram–Wonoka negative carbon isotope excursion (Middle Ediacaran). Carbonates of the lower Nepa Regional Stage (Besyuryakh Formation) demonstrate positive δ13C values (up to 5‰) and minimum 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70796–0.70832. The C and Sr isotope record of the Nepa Regional Stage provides its robust correlation with the Dal’nyaya Taiga and Zhuya Groups of the Patom Foredeep. Micropaleontological data herein reported and glacial diamictites documented at the base of the Vendian sedimentary cover both in the central Patom Foredeep and on its periphery suggest a full stratigraphic volume of the Ediacaran System in the most stratigraphically complete sections of the central Siberian Platform.
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a retrogradational fan-delta system within Lower Triassic in the Mabei area, Junggar Basin (northwestern China)
Authors: Peng B. , Jin Z. , Wang J. , Jia H. , Zhu X. , Chang T. , Yuan K.
Published: June 2018

The sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a retrogradational fan-delta system within Lower Triassic in the Mabei area of Junggar Basin in northwestern China were investigated using seismic, well log, and core data, complemented by the modern deposition and a flume tank experiment. The Lower Triassic in the Mabei area is dominated by fan deltas, which are composed of fan-delta plain (including subaerial debris flow, braided channel, conglomerate overbank, and floodplain), fan-delta front (including conglomerate shoal and sandy shoal), and prodelta. The braided channels form during the low flood period. The conglomerate overbanks form during the flood period and occupy most part of the fan-delta plain. The conglomerate shoals and sandy shoals form by a sheet flow prograding into lakes and occur as a sheet. The braided channels, conglomerate shoals, and sandy shoals are easy to form high-porosity reservoirs. One long-term base level cycles (LSC1), three middle-term base level cycles (MSC1, MSC2, and MSC3), and fifteen short-term base level cycles are identified. MSC1 is dominated by the fan-delta plain; MSC2 is dominated by the fan-delta front; and MSC3 is dominated by the fan-delta front and prodelta. The stratigraphy shows a proximal-middle-distal trend demonstrating an overall retrogradation stacking pattern. The sequence architecture is controlled by an interplay between lake level changes and sediment supply. The quick rise in the lake level and the creation of accommodation outpacing the rate of sediment supply result in a retrogradational fan-delta syste.
Death on the Dome: Epidemiology of Recreational Deaths on Half Dome in Yosemite National Park
Authors: Richardson Gregory D. , Spano Susanne J.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

One of the most popular destinations in Yosemite National Park is Half Dome. Overcrowding at the turn of the 21st century prompted a restriction of hiker access to cable handrails to the summit without technical rock climbing equipment. Prior epidemiological study of Half Dome deaths is not known to the authors. Our goal was to identify trends among all Half Dome–related fatalities in Yosemite National Park.

Methods

Multimedia sources were searched for deaths involving the cable handrails, subdome, summit, technical climbing, or base jumping. Results are reported as mean±SD (range).

Results

Twenty-nine confirmed deaths occurred on Half Dome, with 2 additional deaths likely on Half Dome. Age was 32±14 (16–86) y; 4 were female. Activity at time of death included technical climbing (36%), suicide (26%), utilizing cable handrails (16%), hiking (16%), and base jumping (6%). Of the cable handrail-related fatalities, only 2 were due to weather. There were 3 medically related deaths due to cardiac disease and altitude.

Conclusions

We identified 31 Half Dome deaths over 85 y. A minority were attributable to unfavorable weather or unskilled hiking participants. Climber registration could provide dependable denominators for accident incidence statistics. A renewed focus on suicide prevention is warranted.
Driving antimicrobial use improvement: attitudes of providers of adult hospital care on optimal attribution and feedback
Authors: Lines Tara H. , Nesbitt Whitney J. , Nelson George E.
Published: June 2018

Understanding provider perceptions of antimicrobial use (AU) feedback is important for optimal implementation. A survey addressing AU attribution scenarios, feedback methods, and implementation barriers was distributed to inpatient providers. As AU scenarios became more complex, disagreement regarding AU attribution arose. All providers were highly concerned about barriers to AU reporting.
GORENSTEIN HOMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TENSOR RINGS
Authors: CHEN XIAO-WU , LU MING
Published: June 2018

Let $R$ be a two-sided Noetherian ring, and let $M$ be a nilpotent $R$-bimodule, which is finitely generated on both sides. We study Gorenstein homological properties of the tensor ring $T_{R}(M)$. Under certain conditions, the ring $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if so is $T_{R}(M)$. We characterize Gorenstein projective $T_{R}(M)$-modules in terms of $R$-modules.
Sympathy for the devil? A defence of EAP
Authors: Hyland Ken
Published: June 2018

The ability to communicate in English is now essential to academic success for many students and researchers. Not only has the language established a fairly firm grip in higher education, particularly in the lives of postgraduate students, but also in academic research, where careers are increasingly tied to an ability to publish in international journals in English. Countless students and academics around the world, therefore, must now gain fluency in the conventions of relatively ‘standardized’ versions of academic writing in English to understand their disciplines, to establish their careers or to successfully navigate their learning (e.g. Hyland 2009). English for Academic Purposes (EAP), and the teaching of academic writing in particular, has emerged to support this process (Hyland & Shaw 2016; Hyland 2017a). However, EAP, and its relationship to English language education more generally, is seen from a number of different perspectives, not all of which flatter the field. Among the more critical are that it is complicit in the relentless expansion of English which threatens indigenous academic registers (e.g. Phillipson 1992; Canagarajah 1999), that it is a remedial ‘service activity’ on the periphery of university life (Spack 1988), and that it imposes an imprisoning conformity to disciplinary values and native norms on second language writers (e.g. Benesch 2001).
Explicit Versus Performative Assessments in Music Pedagogical Interactions
Authors: Ivaldi Antonia
Published: June 2018

Research on teachers’ assessments of students’ playing within music lessons has mainly focused on verbal (spoken) evaluations of their learning. However, closer exploration of these interactions shows that embodied assessments, that is, those that also include non-verbal, multi-modal features as part of the interaction, are found to be particularly relevant when making assessments in performing domains such as music. The study's aim was to examine the different types of assessments made by teachers of their students’ playing, how they were responded to by the student, and the function they served in opening up the learning dialogue. 18 video recordings from one-to-one conservatoire music lessons were analysed and two types of assessments were identified: (1) Explicit, definite assessments that provided a clear statement of the students’ playing (e.g., ‘excellent’, ‘very good’) that resulted in closing down the learning dialogue; and (2) Performative, instructive assessments that were more complex evaluations of the students’ playing (e.g., ‘that's closer’, ‘it's too top heavy’) that necessitated further work, thus leading to a more detailed pedagogic interaction. Findings highlight the importance of looking at embodied assessments as essential components to the learning dialogue in music, as well as discussing the implications that the different types of assessments have for opening up and closing learning interaction.
Evaluating Proactive Strategy in Patients With OCD During Stop Signal Task
Authors: Martoni Riccardo M. , Risso Gaia , Giuliani Mattia , de Filippis Roberta , Cammino Stefania , Cavallini Cristina , Bellodi Laura
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate “Proactive-Adjustment hypothesis” (PA) during the Stop Signal Task (SST). The PA is implied in the highly inconsistent literature, and it deals with the role of response inhibition (RI) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This hypothesis assumed that participants would balance stopping and going by adjusting the response threshold (RT) in the go task. We verified whether the PA strategy was also implemented in our clinical group. Methods: To reach this goal, we analyzed SST performances in a group of 36 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls (HCs). To identify different participants’ behaviors during the task, without preconceived notions regarding the diagnosis, we performed a cluster analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of drug therapy and we investigated whether the rule and reversal acquisition investigated with the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift, differed in the two clusters. Results: We did not find any difference relative to the number of patients with OCD and HCs included in the two clusters. Furthermore, we found that only Not Proactive participants performed the task as fast as possible, while Proactive participants consistently slowed down their RTs and showed a lower number of Direction Errors, higher Stop Signal Delay, and worse cognitive flexibility. Conclusions: Our results show that among patients with OCD the use of PA is changeable and does not differ from HCs. This finding supports the idea that the RI heterogeneity concerning patients with OCD could be related to PA. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–12)
INTEGRAL AND ADELIC ASPECTS OF THE MUMFORD–TATE CONJECTURE
Authors: Cadoret Anna , Moonen Ben
Published: June 2018

Let $Y$ be an abelian variety over a subfield $k\subset \mathbb{C}$ that is of finite type over $\mathbb{Q}$. We prove that if the Mumford–Tate conjecture for $Y$ is true, then also some refined integral and adelic conjectures due to Serre are true for $Y$. In particular, if a certain Hodge-maximality condition is satisfied, we obtain an adelic open image theorem for the Galois representation on the (full) Tate module of $Y$. We also obtain an (unconditional) adelic open image theorem for K3 surfaces. These results are special cases of a more general statement for the image of a natural adelic representation of the fundamental group of a Shimura variety.
Assessment of Soil Moisture‐Temperature Feedbacks With the CCSM‐WRF Model System Over East Asia
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Jingyong , Wu Lingyun
Published: June 2018

In this study, we perform two regional climate simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model driven by outputs from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM‐WRF) to investigate the role of soil moisture feedbacks in summer surface air temperature variability over East Asia for the period of 1976−2005. Strong soil moisture feedbacks on the daily mean and maximum temperatures identified by the CCSM‐WRF model system mainly appear over the region from southern Siberia through eastern Mongolia to northeast China, the Tibetan Plateau, and most areas of central and east China, accounting for 30%−70% of the total variances. Meanwhile, the simulated soil moisture feedbacks on daily minimum temperature are shown to be much weaker than those on daily mean and maximum temperatures. The soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks in the CCSM‐WRF model system are generally well validated with those from two reanalysis products. The analysis of the physical processes shows that soil moisture feedback strength is mainly determined by the ability of soil moisture to influence the local surface heat fluxes and planetary boundary layer processes. The reasonable simulations of present soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks indicate that the CCSM‐WRF model system can be further applied to understand the role of soil moisture in influencing projected climate change over East Asia.
Late Quaternary Eruption Record and Probability of Future Volcanic Eruptions in the Long Valley Volcanic Region (CA, USA)
Authors: Bevilacqua Andrea , Bursik Marcus , Patra Abani , Bruce Pitman E. , Yang Qingyuan , Sangani Radhika , Kobs‐Nawotniak Shannon
Published: June 2018

The Long Valley volcanic region, eastern California, has been characterized by recurrent and generally explosive eruptions in the past 180,000 years, originating from a N/S elongated area ~50 km in extent, including the Mammoth Mountain lava dome complex, the Mono‐Inyo volcanic chain, and their peripheries. Several temporal clusters of activity have been observed in a relatively well‐preserved time‐stratigraphic record, which is nevertheless affected by uncertainties. This study has two main objectives: (1) to fully describe the past eruption record by using a stochastic model capable of combining radiometric ages and stratigraphic constraints and, (2) based on the uncertainty assessment, to develop a doubly stochastic, long‐term temporal model based on the current situation. Multiple approaches are described and compared, and multimodel forecasts are also presented. Our findings provide fundamental information for hazard assessment and forecasting of the next eruption in the Long Valley volcanic region, of which the mean probability of occurrence is estimated to be ~2.5% in the next 10 years and ~22.5% in the next 100 years.
Can We Model the Effect of Observed Sea Level Rise on Tides?
Authors: Schindelegger M. , Green J. A. M. , Wilmes S.‐B. , Haigh I. D.
Published: June 2018

The link between secular changes in the lunar semidiurnal ocean tide (M2) and relative sea level rise is examined based on numerical tidal modeling and the analysis of long‐term sea level records from Europe, Australia, and the North American Atlantic coasts. The study sets itself apart from previous work by using a 1/12° global tide model that incorporates the effects of self‐attraction and loading through time‐step‐wise spherical harmonic transforms instead of iteration. This novel self‐attraction and loading implementation incurs moderate computational overheads (some 50%) and facilitates the simulation of shelf sea tides with a global root mean square error of 14.6 cm in depths shallower than 1,000 m. To reproduce measured tidal changes in recent decades, the model is perturbed with realistic water depth changes, compiled from maps of altimetric sea level trends and postglacial crustal rebound. The M2 response to the adopted sea level rise scenarios exhibits peak sensitivities in the North Atlantic and many marginal seas, with relative magnitudes of 1–5% per century. Comparisons with a collection of 45 tide gauge records reveals that the model reproduces the sign of the observed amplitude trends in 80% of the cases and captures considerable fractions of the absolute M2 variability, specifically for stations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Chesapeake‐Delaware Bay system. While measured‐to‐model disparities remain large in several key locations, such as the European Shelf, the study is deemed a major step toward credible predictions of secular changes in the main components of the ocean tide.
Future Changes of Wind Speed and Wind Energy Potentials in EURO‐CORDEX Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Moemken Julia , Reyers Mark , Feldmann Hendrik , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: June 2018

Renewable energy production is strongly influenced by weather and climate. Regional climate projections can be useful to quantify climate change impacts on renewable energies. With this aim, we analyze future changes of wind speed and wind energy potentials using a multimodel ensemble of EURO‐CORDEX simulations at 12 km and three‐hourly resolution, considering nine different global and regional climate model chains. A comparison between modeled historical 10 m wind speeds and ERA‐Interim‐driven evaluation runs for the same regional climate models uncovers some substantial model biases. The bias‐corrected 10 m wind speeds are extrapolated to the hub height of a wind turbine to derive gridded wind energy output (Eout). The ensemble mean responses project only small changes of mean annual and winter Eout for large parts of Europe in future decades, but a considerable decrease for summer Eout. In terms of variability, increasing intraannual and interdaily variabilities are projected for large parts of northern, central, and eastern Europe. While the ensemble spread is quite large for interdaily variability, results are more robust for intraannual variability. With respect to wind speed characteristics relevant for wind energy production, a robust increase in the occurrence of low wind speeds (<3 m/s) is detected. Due to a combination of higher annual mean Eout and lower intraannual variability, climate change could be beneficial for regions like Baltic and Aegean Sea. For large parts of Germany, France, and Iberia, a lower mean Eout and increased intraannual variability may imply larger temporal/spatial fluctuations in future wind energy production and therefore a more challenging wind energy management.
Development of the Resource Use Questionnaire (RUQ–P) for Families With Preschool Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Validation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ungar Wendy J. , Tsiplova Kate , Millar Noreen , Smith Isabel M.
Published: June 2018

Cost-effectiveness and burden-of-illness research of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) requires accurate and comprehensive captures of health and non-health-sector costs and family out-of-pocket costs. The objective was to develop and validate the Resource Use Questionnaire—Preschool (RUQ–P) as a tool to capture intersectoral service use and family out-of-pocket costs in preschool children with an NDD from multiple-payer perspectives. The major categories of the RUQ–P include primary intervention, such as programs based on applied behavior analysis; childcare or school programs; other interventions, such as speech−language therapy or occupational therapy; other resources, such as medications, respite support, complementary and alternative medicine, and other services and treatments; productivity losses; and government subsidies and charitable gifts. The RUQ–P targeted preschool children ages 2–6 years with an NDD with completion by interview with the primary caregiver. It underwent pilot testing and was validated in a cohort of children in the Preschool Autism Treatment Impact study comparing early preschool behavioral interventions in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. The RUQ–P collected data on resource use; service intensity; and out-of-pocket costs, such as hourly rates, costs of materials, and travel costs. A cost analysis was undertaken to determine whether the RUQ–P was responsive to differences between treatment groups and changes over time. Modifications were subsequently made to reduce respondent burden and missing data (i.e., more closed-ended and structured questions and removal of travel costs). Versions of the RUQ are being developed for 3 additional age groups, and the tool is being further validated in observational and experimental studies.
Cost-Savings Analysis of Primary Care Behavioral Health in a Pediatric Setting: Implications for Provider Agencies and Training Programs
Authors: Dopp Alex R. , Smith Allison B. , Dueweke Aubrey R. , Bridges Ana J.
Published: June 2018

This study investigated economic savings associated with primary care behavioral health (PCBH) in a diverse sample of 248 pediatric patients seen at a Federally Qualified Health Center. We sought to determine the (a) overall cost savings from PCBH and (b) incremental costs and savings of services provided by doctoral trainees versus full-time behavioral health employees (BHEs). Data were extracted from patient medical records for the 2015–2016 training year. We calculated the per-patient costs for BHEs ( n = 5; served 223 patients) and trainees ( n = 2; served 25 patients) from administrative data. Savings associated with PCBH were computed based on reductions in monthly health care charges after versus before the initial PCBH visit for each patient. There was a significant reduction in health care charges after an initial PCBH visit, with an overall (i.e., average across provider types) net savings of $38 per patient. Stated differently, each dollar spent on PCBH returned approximately $1.16 in reduced health care charges. There was no significant difference in cost-savings between BHEs and trainees. Uncertainty in several key study parameters (i.e., BHE salary, changes in health charges) may have influenced the results. These findings suggest that PCBH services with pediatric patients hold promise in terms of economic sustainability, including when trainees are involved in service delivery. Implications of the study findings for policymakers, provider agencies, and doctoral training programs in psychology are discussed.

Implications for Impact Statement

This study suggests that including social workers and psychology trainees in pediatric primary care services can result in savings on overall health care expenses. Trainees showed promise in producing the same savings as full-time employees.