bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Simulation of Fluid Flow with a Vortex Generator 35° toward the Y-axis to Heat Transfer in Spray Dryer
Authors: Setyadi P , Anggrainy R , Yoga N G , Syamsy Y F N , Hidayat O F
Published: November 2022

The Spray Dryer is a spray drying machine to change liquid into dry powder. The spray drying machine can be defined by the drying process in a cylinder, utilizing air heated in the heater and flowing through a blower connected to a vortex generator with an angle of 35° to the Y-axis. The vortex generator causes the formation of turbulence of airflow. Heat transfer occurs between the hot air flow and the milk droplets so that the liquid milk becomes a dry powder. This research aims to see the vortex phenomenon, namely the turbulence intensity, airflow velocity, heat flux, and temperature distribution in a cylinder, compared with an experiment that used four conditions of temperature inlet. There is 80°C, 90°C, 100°C and 110°C. The liquid used in this research is dairy cow’s milk mixed with water and maltodextrin, which has a density value of 1056 kg/m3 and a specific heat value of 3930 J/kg K. The machine’s cylinder has a diameter of 0.5 m with a wall thickness of 1 x 10−3 m and a height of 2 m with a capacity of 1.27 l/hour with a drying time of 80 minutes. The speed airflow of this machine into the cylinder has 16 m/s with a cross-sectional diameter of 9,5 x 10−2 m and a thickness of 1 x 10−3 m which has a debit of 0.11 m3/s. In addition, the injector used has a diameter of 2 x 10−4 m and a speed of 13,54 m/s with a flow rate of 4,5 x 10−4 kg/s with a spray angle of 45° u. Besides that, the analysis results show that the airflow turbulence area is in the form of a vortex so that the drying process of heat transfer that occurs between the product material and the airflow becomes faster.
Hydrogen Production as Alternative Energy Through the Electrolysis Process of Sea Water Originating from Mangrove Plant Areas
Authors: Sunaryo S
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted by utilizing seawater around mangrove forests, namely multi-functional areas in education. One of the objects of research by electrolysis seawater to determine the content of hydrogen gas is one of the renewable energy that has many advantages compared to other renewable energy. One simple method to produce hydrogen gas is by electrolysis of seawater whose source is unlimited. The electrolysis method in this study uses direct electric current or DC (Power Supply) and seawater with an electrolyte volume of 1000 ml, electrolysis time of 2, 4, 6, 8 minute using Copper electrodes (anode) and Aluminum (cathode) selection of cylindrical reactor types volume 1500 ml, operating conditions 36°C and 1 atm. As for the free variables, namely voltages of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 volt. With time variations, the results of the study showed that voltage greatly affects the decomposition of seawater into hydrogen gas. The highest hydrogen gas flow rate results can be at a voltage of 20 volts with 8 minutes of 1.8172 cc/sec (6545.51 ml/hour). The electrolysis time study on the decomposition of seawater into hydrogen gas had no significant effect. The electrolysis time of 6 and 8 minutes at a voltage of 20 and 15 volt showed high hydrogen gas results.
Assessing Environmental Physics: Tidal Flood Impact with Multidiscipline Approach (Case Study Coastal Cities Semarang Indonesia)
Authors: Hakim B A , Kustiyanto E , Cholisoh E , Airawati M N , Wibawa B , Susilo Y S , Asharo R K
Published: November 2022

Tidal floods and land subsidence often occur in the coastal areas of Semarang, Central Java. The coastal area of Semarang has an essential role in the economy of the city of Semarang, especially the Port of Tanjung Emas. Research with a multidisciplinary approach is expected to obtain conclusions on technical and non-technical problems to prepare mitigation measures and reduce the risk of tidal flooding. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of tidal flooding in the city of Semarang using a multidisciplinary approach. The data used for the analysis came from literature studies and field observations. This research method is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the tidal flood caused damage to infrastructure, houses, and other public facilities. This damage makes the infrastructure not function optimally. Other impacts the community feels are disruption of economic activities, lower productivity, and increased maintenance costs, thereby reducing overall community income. Therefore, tidal flood prevention is needed from all stakeholders, both individually and collectively.
The Competence of Prospective Physics Teachers in Making Interactive Teaching Materials in The PSAL Science Course
Authors: Sianipar L K , Sitompul H , Gunanto Y E , Izaak M P , Haeruman L D
Published: November 2022

Teaching materials are one of the essential components of learning. The use of appropriate teaching materials is one aspect that can help achieve the learning objectives that have been formulated. Therefore, teachers as learning designers must be able to choose and provide appropriate teaching materials for the instructional learning objectives to be achieved. Students of the Physics Education study program are prospective teacher students who teach in schools, so students should be able to make appropriate teaching materials that can be used in the learning process. The teaching materials to be designed must, of course, be by the characteristics of students and by technological developments. This study aims to describe and analyze students’ abilities in designing interactive teaching materials in PSAL science courses. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of data analysis show that, on average, students get a high score on aspects of completeness of identity, aspects of introduction, and aspects of the appearance of teaching materials. Teaching materials designed by students get low scores on content feasibility and assessment aspects. It happens because the ability of students to adjust the content of teaching materials to the learning objectives and assessment of learning contained in the teaching materials is still lacking.
Developing a Video Education on the topic of Modern Physics Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) assisted PhET Online Learning
Authors: Nasbey H , Raihanati R
Published: November 2022

The teaching materials in the form of video Education for modern physics lessons using problem-based learning (PBL) assisted PhET Online Learning and accessible via smartphones to support online learning are developed. Learning modern physics during the COVID-19 pandemic requires the right solution. Online learning is the right solution. Making video Education related to the topic of modern physics has become a need. The ADDIE method is used to develop video Education. The need for learning materials on modern physics was carried out with 39 students through questionnaires. 83% of respondents said that learning materials in video Education were needed for the topic of Modern Physics, and 17% of respondents said it was needed. The video is designed based on a problem-based learning method using the PhET website as an aid. Problem-based learning is organized in the following order: basic concepts, problem definition, independent learning, knowledge exchange, and evaluation. Learning materials in the form of produced videos can be accessed through smart devices (smartphones) and become a source of learning in the online learning process. PhET’s website is used as a tool to develop video ideas. Thirty-seven videos have been developed.
The Concept of Literacy Vocational-Based E-Module of Technical Mechanical Subject
Authors: Maulana A , Puspita A J , Pangastuti K K , Daryati D , Arthur R
Published: November 2022

Vocational literacy is the development of scientific literacy customized to the needs of the SMK level. This can be described as the use of literacy and numeracy to build skills related to their fields. This study aims to explain the concept of Technical Mechanics E-Module based on vocational literacy for SMK level, especially in building engineering. This subject is relevant to improving vocational literacy skills, considering that this subject is a derivative of Physics which is generally used to hone scientific literacy skills at the junior and senior high school levels. The method used is to study literature by identifying and processing the existing research results. The results of this study indicate that the development of the E-Module refers to knowledge, the process towards competence, and work attitudes by paying attention to work preparation, student responses to the latest technology, establishing networks and communication, and collaboration in work. A vocational literacy-based e-module is built based on abilities, problems, and needs that align with the characteristics of SMK Building Students, so it can be used to identify and improve their vocational literacy skills.
“Fire Phyghter” - The Development of Educational Games for Exploring Dynamic Fluids Topic
Authors: Muliyati D , Fatih F H A , Permana A H , Sari N L K , Purwahida R
Published: November 2022

Educational games have become an alternative way to increase student interest in learning. It can improve learning outcomes such as motivation and activeness. This study produces an educational game for physics learning on dynamic fluids that are suitable for inside and outside the classroom. This study uses the waterfall method as a software development reference. The games were assessed by material and media experts using a questionnaire. The results of the validation of the developed game obtained 90% by material experts and 85% by media experts. Therefore, the developed educational game can be declared feasible to be used in learning activities. The game was then tested for perception measurements by teachers and high school students and achieved 91.6% and 83.5%, respectively. From these results, the game developed can be declared very suitable for use in learning activities and is beneficial for teachers and students.
Dissemination of Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) to Sparking in STEM for Facilitating 21st - Century Skills (21-CS)
Authors: Wibowo F C , Priane W T , Darman D R , Guntara Y , Ahmad N J
Published: November 2022

This study of the dissemination of Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) to Sparking Innovation in STEM Education for Facilitating 21st-Century Skills (21-CS). The method applied to present work principles and critical parts of Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) Media Education is a mixture of informative and utilizing the Interactive Lecture Demonstration (ILD) method. The number sample of participants of 41 physics teachers with VMS. The results showed that the 21-CS skills questionnaire of teachers and students’ perceptions of their understanding of 21st-century skills. These results can reveal that VMS with a STEM approach provides a positive relationship to practice 21st-century skills for teachers. Based on these results, the simple impact is when teachers have strong perceptions about problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity, through STEM and VMS media.
The TPACK Implementation in Physics Textbook with Augmented Reality: Enhance The 4C Skills at Mechanics Wave Concept
Authors: Bakri F , Sunardi A K
Published: November 2022

The 21st-century skills require a minimum of 4C skills. Learning media also need to apply TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) framework. This article describes the research and development result of the TPACK implementation in a high school physics textbook to enhance 4C skills for students’ 21st-century skills. The obtained physics textbook uses dick and Carey’s research and development model. Technology in this textbook using augmented reality media. The TPACK physics textbook assisted by AR (Augmented Reality) had produced for the 11th grade even semester at mechanics wave concept to enhance students’ 4C skills. The book feasibility received an assessment from the content expert, media expert, and pedagogical expert using the continuum scale 4 in the questionnaire instrument. The final result shows the implementation of TPACK in a resulting high school physics textbook product is proper to enhance 4C skills as a provision for 21st-century skills.
Development of Problem-Based Learning E-Modules on Renewable Energy Subjects for Distance Learning
Authors: Ashnam M , Sunaryo S , Delina M
Published: November 2022

Understanding renewable energy in physics learning is imperative for students. This study aims to produce an E-Module learning media based on Problem Based Learning to support distance learning on the topic of renewable energy (renewable energy) using Weebly. Students are introduced to discoveries in renewable energy to support human life today and in the future. The research method used is the development of R&D with the ADDIE model. ADDIE model consists of Analyse, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. The N-Gain method tests the increase in students’ knowledge after learning to use e-module with Weebly in renewable energy topics. The results showed that the e-module could be used as a medium for learning physics in schools. The test results illustrate that students who use e-module with Weebly experience an increase in scores from pre-test to post-test by 0,58 in the medium interpretation.
Enhancing Primary School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills through the Integration of Inquiry-Based STEM Approach on Teaching Electricity in Science Learning
Authors: Amin M , Rahmawati Y , Sudrajat A , Mardiah A
Published: November 2022

This paper aimed to enhance primary school students’ critical thinking by implementing an interdisciplinary STEM approach using the inquiry method in science learning of energy and its changing topic. This innovative learning is designed to engage students in constructivism through project-making. This study involved twenty-five-six-grade primary school students at a public primary school in Java Province, Indonesia. The qualitative method was employed to explore and understand students’ experiences during learning in developing five aspects of critical thinking skills SCIT, including identifying questions at issues, conceptual understanding, ideas connection, assumptions, and inferences. The researchers collected the data through classroom observation, reflective journals, interviews, and a concept test. In this study, students are engaged in five learning stages: ask, investigate, create, discuss, and reflect. The findings obtained by the researchers reflected that students were actively involved in all phases of learning. They feel they are challenged to learn through a simple electrical circuit and a simple flood detector project. The analysis showed that students were experiencing the enhancement of critical thinking skills through information exploration and project discussion to engage them in identifying questions at issues raised in the learning. Besides, facilitating students to integrate their thought into real-life and project-making leads them to improve their conceptual understanding. In addition, interdisciplinary learning encouraged them to connect ideas and make assumptions and inferences by considering multiple perspectives on developing a project.
Fabrication, control, and modeling of robots inspired by flagella and cilia
Authors: Lim Sangmin , Du Yayun , Lee Yongkyu , Panda Shivam Kumar , Tong Dezhong , Khalid Jawed M
Published: November 2022

Flagella and cilia are slender structures that serve important functionalities in the microscopic world through their locomotion induced by fluid and structure interaction. With recent developments in microscopy, fabrication, biology, and modeling capability, robots inspired by the locomotion of these organelles in low Reynolds number flow have been manufactured and tested on the micro-and macro-scale, ranging from medical in vivo microbots, microfluidics to macro prototypes. We present a collection of modeling theories, control principles, and fabrication methods for flagellated and ciliary robots.
Mechanical properties of high strength concrete incorporating chopped basalt fibers: experimental and analytical study
Authors: Gupta Mohit , Raj Ritu , Sahu Anil Kumar
Published: November 2022

Many civil engineering structures are constructed in terms of aspect like economy, strength and serviceability requirement. The fibres play a prominent role in bridging the micro cracks at the early stage of crack propagation and makes the structure ductile. The impact of chopped basalt fibre on high-strength reinforced concrete composites is the focus of this research. The chopped basalt fibre hardened property of concrete was investigated and compared it with controlled concrete. Moreover, physical property of concrete i.e. slump cone and compaction factor incorporating chopped basalt fibre volume fraction in variation of 0%,0.75%,1.5%,2.25%,3% to the total volume of concrete mix was also investigated. To analyse the hardened properties of chopped basalt fibre high strength concrete, 135 test samples were made and cured for 7, 14, and 28 days. The test findings show that increasing the volume percentage of fibres reduces slump from 135 mm to 132 mm for BFHS0.75 but does not result in a significant increase in concrete compressive strength of 77.1 MPa for BFHS0.75 However, on addition of chopped basalt fibres at 2.25% (BFHS2.25) the percentage increment of flexural strength increases by 72.8% (10.3 MPa) with control mix (5.96 MPa) and after that it decreases when 3% fibres were incorporated. Similarly, split-tensile strength increases at all fibre dosage and fibre addition of 3% (BFHS3) increases by 12.28% (5.65 MPa) with controlled concrete (5.04 MPa). The analytical results and suggested regression model could be used in real-world situations with fiber reinforced high strength concrete related issues. There is a significant relationship between mechanical property and independent variable through ANOVA in SPSS.
Towards low-cost sodium-ion batteries: electrode behavior of graphite electrodes obtained from spheroidization waste fractions and their structure-property relations
Authors: Escher Ines , Mancini Marilena , Martin Jan , Janßen Knut Arne , Axmann Peter , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: November 2022

Electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically show spherical particle shapes. For cathode materials, the spherical shape is obtained through the synthesis method. For graphite, the by far most popular anode material for LIBs, spherical particles are obtained through a spheroidization process. The yield of that process is quite low and limited to about 50%, leaving substantial amounts of by-products. Using such lower quality by-products would be quite attractive for developing low-cost energy stores like sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), for which the requirements for particle sizes and shapes might be less strict as compared to high performing LIBs. Here, we study three different graphite ‘waste fractions’ as anode material for SIBs that are obtained from the spheroidization process and how they compare to LIB battery grade material. Only negligible differences between the fractions are found when analyzing them with x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). More clear differences can be seen from N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. For example, the surface areas of the ‘waste fractions’ can become roughly up to twice as large as compared to the battery grade fraction and the d
50 values shift by up to 11.9 µm to lower numbers. Electrochemical measurements show that the ‘waste fractions’ can deliver the full electrode capacity and behave similar to the battery grade fraction up to 10 C. However, the higher surface areas lead to more irreversible losses in the first cycle. A surprising finding is that all graphite fractions show almost identical discharge voltages, while the charging voltages differ by as much as 200 mV. This asymmetric behavior only occurs in SIBs and not in LIBs, which indicates a more complex storage behavior in case of sodium.
Bifunctional flexible electrochromic energy storage devices based on silver nanowire flexible transparent electrodes
Authors: Zhang He , Sun Fangyuan , Cao Ge , Zhou Dongyan , Zhang Guofan , Feng Jiayun , Wang Shang , Su Fengyu , Tian Yanqing , Liu Yan Jun , Tian Yanhong
Published: November 2022

Flexible electrochromic energy storage devices (FECESDs) for powering flexible electronics have attracted considerable attention. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one kind of the most promising flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) materials for the emerging flexible devices. Currently, fabricating FECESD based on AgNWs FTEs is still hindered by their intrinsic poor electrochemical stability. To address this issue, a hybrid AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS electrode is proposed. The PEDOT:PSS could not only improve the resistance against electrochemical corrosion of AgNWs, but also work as functional layer to realize the color-changing and energy storage properties. Moreover, the Co(OH)2 interlayer further improved the color-changing and energy storage performance. Based on the improvement, we assembled the symmetrical FECESDs. Under the same condition, the areal capacitance (0.8 mF cm−2) and coloration efficiency (269.80 cm2 C−1) of AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS FECESDs were obviously higher than AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS FECESDs. Furthermore, the obtained FECESDs exhibited excellent stability against the mechanical deformation. The areal capacitance remained stable during 1000 times cyclic bending with a 25 mm curvature radius. These results demonstrated the broad application potential of the AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS FECESD for the emerging portable and multifunctional electronics.
Advancing disease genomics beyond COVID-19 and reducing health disparities: what does the future hold for Africa?
Authors: Ibe Chibuike , Otu Akaninyene Asuquo , Mnyambwa Nicholaus P
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in high-throughput sequencing technology as an essential public health tool. Scaling up and operationalizing genomics in Africa is crucial as enhanced capacity for genome sequencing could address key health problems relevant to African populations. High-quality genomics research can be leveraged to improve diagnosis, understand the aetiology of unexplained illnesses, improve surveillance of infectious diseases and inform efficient control and therapeutic methods of known, rare and emerging infectious diseases. Achieving these within Africa requires strong commitment from stakeholders. A roadmap is needed to guide training of scientists, infrastructural development, research funding, international collaboration as well as promote public–private partnerships. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly boosted genomics capacity in Africa, the continent still lags other regions. Here, we highlighted key initiatives in genomics research and efforts to address health challenges facing the diverse and fast-growing populations on the continent. We explore the scalability of genomic tools and techniques to tackle a broader range of infectious diseases in Africa, a continent that desperately requires a boost from genomic science.
Easy NanoString nCounter data analysis with the NanoTube
Authors: Class Caleb A , Lukan Caiden J , Bristow Christopher A , Do Kim-Anh
Published: November 2022

The NanoTube is an open-source pipeline that simplifies the processing, quality control, normalization and analysis of NanoString nCounter gene expression data. It is implemented in an extensible R library, which performs a variety of gene expression analysis techniques and contains additional functions for integration with other R libraries performing advanced NanoString analysis techniques. Additionally, the NanoTube web application is available as a simple tool for researchers without programming expertise.

Availability and implementation

The NanoTube R package is available on Bioconductor under the GPL-3 license (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/NanoTube/). The R-Shiny application can be downloaded at https://github.com/calebclass/Shiny-NanoTube, or a simplified version of this application can be run on all major browsers, at https://research.butler.edu/nanotube/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Non-interactive Boolean Searchable Asymmetric Encryption With Bilateral Access Control
Authors: Wang Xiwen , Zhang Kai , Li Jinguo , Wen Mi , Xu Shengmin , Ning Jianting
Published: November 2022

Searchable asymmetric encryption (SAE) enables a client to search over a data owner’s encrypted data. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art SAE schemes allow a data owner to specify access control policy for a client, while they have not considered the threat case of a malicious data owner. To address the problem, this work presents a non-interactive SAE scheme with bilateral access control: (i) allowing data owner and client to both specify policies toward the other party; (ii) allowing client to perform arbitrary boolean queries with sub-linear search complexity. Technically, we extend Cash et al.’s highly scalable SSE into an asymmetric setting and introduce the property of data owner authenticity. By refining identity-based matchmaking encryption, we formalize the syntax and security definition of our SAE with identity-based bilateral access control. Moreover, the security of the proposed SAE can be reduced to discrete logistic assumption and decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption. As an enhanced extension, we present a non-interactive multi-client SAE scheme with fuzzy identity-based bilateral access control. In addition, we implement the proposed schemes in real cloud platform and evaluate their performance on a real-world dataset. The result confirms that our SAE schemes achieve bilateral access control for both data owner and client with highly acceptable efficiency.
The effect of a game-based mobile app ‘MyHeartMate’ to promote lifestyle change in coronary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gallagher Robyn , Chow Clara K , Parker Helen , Neubeck Lis , Celermajer David S , Redfern Julie , Tofler Geoffrey , Buckley Thomas , Schumacher Tracy , Hyun Karice , Boroumand Farzaneh , Figtree Gemma
Published: November 2022

Aims

Secondary prevention reduces coronary heart disease (CHD) progression. Traditional prevention programs including cardiac rehabilitation are under-accessed, which smartphone apps may overcome. To evaluate the effect of a game-based mobile app intervention (MyHeartMate) to improve cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours.

Methods and results

Single-blind randomized trial of CHD patients in Sydney, 2017–2021. Intervention group were provided the MyHeartMate app for 6 months. Co-designed features included an avatar of the patient’s heart and tokens earned by risk factor work (tracking, challenges, and quizzes). The control group received usual care. Primary outcome was self-reported physical activity [metabolic equivalents (METs), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire] and secondary outcomes included lipid levels, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, and smoking. Pre-specified sample size was achieved (n = 390), age 61.2 ± 11.5 years; 82.5% men and 9.2% current smokers. At 6 months, adjusted for baseline levels, the intervention group achieved more physical activity than control (median difference 329 MET mins/wk), which was not statistically significant (95% CI −37.4, 696; P = 0.064). No differences occurred between groups on secondary outcomes except for lower triglyceride levels in the intervention [mean difference −0.3 (95% CI −0.5, −0.1 mmoL/L, P = 0.004)]. Acceptability was high: 94.8% of intervention participants engaged by tracking exercise or BP and completing missions; 26.8% continued to engage for ≥30 days. Participants (n = 14) reported the app supported tracking behaviours and risk factors, reinforcing and improving self-care confidence, and decreasing anxiety.

Conclusion

A game-based app proved highly acceptable for patients with CHD but did not improve risk factors or lifestyle behaviours other than triglyceride levels.
The Kähler–Ricci Flow With Log Canonical Singularities
Authors: Chau Albert , Ge Huabin , Li Ka-Fai , Shen Liangming
Published: November 2022

We establish the existence of the Kähler–Ricci flow on projective varieties with log canonical singularities. This generalizes some of the existence results of Song–Tian [36] in case of projective varieties with klt singularities. We also prove that the normalized Kähler–Ricci flow will converge to the Kähler–Einstein metric with negative Ricci curvature on semi-log canonical models in the sense of currents. Finally, we also construct Kähler–Ricci flow solutions performing divisorial contractions and flips with log canonical singularities.
Famine, Inequality, and Conflict
Authors: Meriläinen Jaakko , Mitrunen Matti , Virkola Tuomo
Published: November 2022

This paper employs newly collected historical data from Finland to present evidence of historically contingent, long-run consequences of a famine. We document high levels of local inequality in terms of income and land distribution until a violent uprising in 1918. These inequalities partly originated from the famine of 1866–1868, which increased the concentration of land and power to large landowners. We further show that regions with more exposure to the famine had more labor coercion by the early 1900s. These inner tensions led to violent conflict following the Russian Revolution and the Finnish independence from the Russian Empire. Using microdata on all the casualties of the 1918 Finnish Civil War, we demonstrate that the famine plausibly contributed to local insurgency participation through these factors. Although unsuccessful in replacing the government, the insurgency led to significant policy changes, including radical land redistribution and a full extension of the franchise. These national reforms led to a more drastic shift toward equality in locations more affected by the famine with greater pre-conflict inequality. Our findings highlight how historical shocks can have large and long-lasting, but not straightforward impacts.
The Regulation of Hazardous Substances and Activities During Warfare
Authors: de Hemptinne Jérôme
Published: November 2022

Although hazardous activities and substances create significant environmental risks and damage during warfare, international humanitarian law contains very few provisions that specifically address this question. To reinforce the protection of the environment, these provisions should be interpreted in light of — and complemented by — international environmental instruments adopted during the last decades. Indeed, these instruments envisage important rules, mechanisms, and institutions which aim at preventing and redressing environmental threats and damage resulting from the production and use of hazardous substances and the dumping of wastes during peacetime. This article seeks precisely to examine how these rules, mechanisms and institutions could apply in the context of war-related incidents, not only during an armed conflict, but also before and after its occurrence. The article will show that sophisticated safety measures that help in preventing such incidents, which often create irreversible consequences, must be designed, tested, and implemented well before hostilities are taking place. Furthermore, environmental remediation of contaminated areas should also be considered after the end of the conflict.
On algebraic and topological semantics of the modal logic of common knowledge S4CI
Authors: Shamkanov Daniyar
Published: November 2022

For the modal logic $\textsf {S4}^{C}_{I}$, we identify the class of completable $\textsf {S4}^{C}_{I}$-algebras and prove for them a Stone-type representation theorem. As a consequence, we obtain strong algebraic and topological completeness of the logic $\textsf {S4}^{C}_{I}$ in the case of local semantic consequence relations. In addition, we consider an extension of the logic $\textsf {S4}^{C}_{I}$ with certain infinitary derivations and establish the corresponding strong completeness results for the enriched system in the case of global semantic consequence relations.
Law Applicable
Authors: Bork Reinhard
Published: November 2022

This chapter explains which laws should a jurisdiction court apply in particular circumstances amidst cross-border proceedings. It also notes the general rule and application in applying the law of another Member State while also covering the exceptions, rationales, and commonalities of the law governing insolvency proceedings. The system is required to be uniform and comprehensive while simultaneously covering procedural and substantive law. In line with EIR’s Article Seven, the rule of lex fori concurus coincides with private international law and the law applicable to insolvency proceedings. Moreover, the unclear boundaries of insolvency law remain a major issue when using international jurisdictions determined by the COMI and the applicable law of the insolvency proceedings.
Structural basis for the unique multifaceted interaction of DPPA3 with the UHRF1 PHD finger
Authors: Hata Keiichi , Kobayashi Naohiro , Sugimura Keita , Qin Weihua , Haxholli Deis , Chiba Yoshie , Yoshimi Sae , Hayashi Gosuke , Onoda Hiroki , Ikegami Takahisa , Mulholland Christopher B , Nishiyama Atsuya , Nakanishi Makoto , Leonhardt Heinrich , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Arita Kyohei
Published: November 2022

Ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (UHRF1)-dependent DNA methylation is essential for maintaining cell fate during cell proliferation. Developmental pluripotency-associated 3 (DPPA3) is an intrinsically disordered protein that specifically interacts with UHRF1 and promotes passive DNA demethylation by inhibiting UHRF1 chromatin localization. However, the molecular basis of how DPPA3 interacts with and inhibits UHRF1 remains unclear. We aimed to determine the structure of the mouse UHRF1 plant homeodomain (PHD) complexed with DPPA3 using nuclear magnetic resonance. Induced α-helices in DPPA3 upon binding of UHRF1 PHD contribute to stable complex formation with multifaceted interactions, unlike canonical ligand proteins of the PHD domain. Mutations in the binding interface and unfolding of the DPPA3 helical structure inhibited binding to UHRF1 and its chromatin localization. Our results provide structural insights into the mechanism and specificity underlying the inhibition of UHRF1 by DPPA3.
Intelligent indoor metasurface robotics
Authors: Zhao Hanting , Hu Shengguo , Zhang Hongrui , Wang Zhuo , Dong Hao , del Hougne Philipp , Cui Tie Jun , Li Lianlin
Published: November 2022

Intelligent indoor robotics is expected to rapidly gain importance in crucial areas of our modern society such as at-home health care and factories. Yet, existing mobile robots are limited in their ability to perceive and respond to dynamically evolving complex indoor environments because of their inherently limited sensing and computing resources that are, moreover, traded off against their cruise time and payload. To address these formidable challenges, here we propose intelligent indoor metasurface robotics (I2MR), where all sensing and computing are relegated to a centralized robotic brain endowed with microwave perception; and I2MR’s limbs (motorized vehicles, airborne drones, etc.) merely execute the wirelessly received instructions from the brain. The key aspect of our concept is the centralized use of a computation-enabled programmable metasurface that can flexibly mold microwave propagation in the indoor wireless environment, including a sensing and localization modality based on configurational diversity and a communication modality to establish a preferential high-capacity wireless link between the I2MR’s brain and limbs. The metasurface-enhanced microwave perception is capable of realizing low-latency and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of humans, even around corners and behind thick concrete walls, which is the basis for action decisions of the I2MR’s brain. I2MR is thus endowed with real-time and full-context awareness of its operating indoor environment. We implement, experimentally, a proof-of-principle demonstration at ∼2.4 GHz, in which I2MR provides health-care assistance to a human inhabitant. The presented strategy opens a new avenue for the conception of smart and wirelessly networked indoor robotics.
Activating sulfur oxidation reactionviasix-electron redox mesocrystal NiS2 for sulfur-based aqueous batteries
Authors: Yang Zhoudong , Wang Boya , Chen Yongjin , Zhou Wanhai , Li Hongpeng , Zhao Ruizheng , Li Xinran , Zhang Tengsheng , Bu Fanxing , Zhao Zaiwang , Li Wei , Chao Dongliang , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: November 2022

Sulfur-based aqueous batteries (SABs) are deemed promising candidates for safe, low-cost, and high-capacity energy storage. However, despite their high theoretical capacity, achieving high reversible value remains a great challenge due to the thermodynamic and kinetics problems of elemental sulfur. Here, the reversible six-electron redox electrochemistry is constructed by activating the sulfur oxidation reaction (SOR) process of the elaborate mesocrystal NiS2 (M-NiS2). Through the unique 6e− solid-to-solid conversion mechanism, SOR efficiency can reach an unprecedented degree of ca. 96.0%. The SOR efficiency is further revealed to be closely associated with the kinetics feasibility and thermodynamic stability of the M-NiS2 intermedium in the formation of elemental sulfur. Benefiting from the boosted SOR, compared with the bulk electrode, the M-NiS2 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (1258 mAh g−1), ultrafast reaction kinetics (932 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1), and long-term cyclability (2000 cycles at 20 A g−1). As a proof of concept, a new M-NiS2‖Zn hybrid aqueous battery exhibits an output voltage of 1.60 V and an energy density of 722.4 Wh kgcath−1, which opens a new opportunity for the development of high-energy aqueous batteries.
Effective transport network driven by tortuosity gradient enables high-electrochem-active solid-state batteries
Authors: Liu Qing-Song , An Han-Wen , Wang Xu-Feng , Kong Fan-Peng , Sun Ye-Cai , Gong Yu-Xin , Lou Shuai-Feng , Shi Yi-Fan , Sun Nan , Deng Biao , Wang Jian , Wang Jia-Jun
Published: November 2022

Simultaneously achieving high electrochemical activity and high loading for solid-state batteries has been hindered by slow ion transport within solid electrodes, in particular with an increase in electrode thickness. Ion transport governed by ‘point-to-point’ diffusion inside a solid-state electrode is challenging, but still remains elusive. Herein, synchronized electrochemical analysis using X-ray tomography and ptychography reveals new insights into the nature of slow ion transport in solid-state electrodes. Thickness-dependent delithiation kinetics are spatially probed to identify that low-delithiation kinetics originate from the high tortuous and slow longitudinal transport pathways. By fabricating a tortuosity-gradient electrode to create an effective ion-percolation network, the tortuosity-gradient electrode architecture promotes fast charge transport, migrates the heterogeneous solid-state reaction, enhances electrochemical activity and extends cycle life in thick solid-state electrodes. These findings establish effective transport pathways as key design principles for realizing the promise of solid-state high-loading cathodes.
An Elastic Net Regression Model for Identifying Long COVID Patients Using Health Administrative Data: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Binka Mawuena , Klaver Braeden , Cua Georgine , Wong Alyson W , Fibke Chad , Velásquez García Héctor A , Adu Prince , Levin Adeera , Mishra Sharmistha , Sander Beate , Sbihi Hind , Janjua Naveed Z
Published: November 2022

Background

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) patients experience persistent symptoms after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Healthcare utilization data could provide critical information on the disease burden of long COVID for service planning; however, not all patients are diagnosed or assigned long COVID diagnostic codes. We developed an algorithm to identify individuals with long COVID using population-level health administrative data from British Columbia (BC), Canada.

Methods

An elastic net penalized logistic regression model was developed to identify long COVID patients based on demographic characteristics, pre-existing conditions, COVID-19-related data, and all symptoms/conditions recorded >28–183 days after the COVID-19 symptom onset/reported (index) date of known long COVID patients (n = 2430) and a control group (n = 24 300), selected from all adult COVID-19 cases in BC with an index date on/before October 31, 2021 (n = 168 111). Known long COVID cases were diagnosed in a clinic and/or had the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA) code for “post COVID-19 condition” in their records.

Results

The algorithm retained known symptoms/conditions associated with long COVID, demonstrating high sensitivity (86%), specificity (86%), and area under the receiver operator curve (93%). It identified 25 220 (18%) long COVID patients among the remaining 141 381 adult COVID-19 cases, >10 times the number of known cases. Known and predicted long COVID patients had comparable demographic and health-related characteristics.

Conclusions

Our algorithm identified long COVID patients with a high level of accuracy. This large cohort of long COVID patients will serve as a platform for robust assessments on the clinical course of long COVID, and provide much needed concrete information for decision-making.
Rapid onset and unpredicted findings of a giant nodular melanoma arising on a congenital nevus: a case report
Authors: Mallouhy Alin , Kounsselie Edwar , Bitar Amira , Makhoul Ebrahim , Al-janabi Moatasem Hussein , Alshehabi Zuheir , Georgeos Michael
Published: November 2022

Melanoma is a malignancy that develops from pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. Although it is considered one of the most fatal tumors in the world, its early diagnosis is associated with a better prognosis and overall survival. A 49-year-old man was admitted to the dermatology department with a 15 cm lesion on the left arm. It was growing on a congenital nevus to reach an enormous size. Surgical excision was not possible and the treatment was controversial as the patient showed unpredicted resistance to immunotherapy. Further evaluations revealed false-negative BRAF mutation, which completely changed the course of treatment. Cutaneous melanoma is a rare malignancy, accounting only for 1% of skin cancer cases, and having it arising on a pre-existing congenital nevus is even much rarer. Although there is no decisive definition of giant melanoma, some authors define it as a lesion of more than 10 cm in diameter. Through the literature, only a few cases of giant melanoma on the arm have been reported. Through our paper, we are revealing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and confirming the significant role of regular follow-up for patients with a congenital melanocytic nevus. Moreover, we are showing the importance of having alternative methods for detecting BRAF mutations to avoid false-negative results and have better outcomes.
Management of Lung Cancer in the Patient with Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Frank Angela J , Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Dobre Ioana A , Tait Sarah , Schumacher Lana , Fintelmann Florian J , Fingerman Leah M , Keane Florence K , Montesi Sydney B
Published: November 2022

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially those with pulmonary fibrosis, are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. Management of lung cancer in patients with ILD is particularly challenging. Diagnosis can be complicated by difficulty differentiating lung nodules from areas of focal fibrosis, and percutaneous biopsy approaches confer an increased risk of complications in those with pulmonary fibrosis. Lung cancer treatment in these patients pose several specific considerations. The degree of lung function impairment may preclude lobectomy or surgical resection of any type. Surgical resection can trigger an acute exacerbation of the underlying ILD. The presence of ILD confers an increased risk of pneumonitis with radiotherapy, and many of the systemic therapies also carry an increased risk of pneumonitis in this population. The safety of immunotherapy in the setting of ILD remains to be fully elucidated and concerns remain as to triggering pneumonitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding consideration for tissue diagnosis, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, in this patient population and discuss emerging areas of research. We also propose a multidisciplinary approach and practical considerations for monitoring for ILD progression during lung cancer treatment.
Phase Ib Study of Ulixertinib Plus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Grierson Patrick M , Tan Benjamin , Pedersen Katrina S , Park Haeseong , Suresh Rama , Amin Manik A , Trikalinos Nikolaos A , Knoerzer Deborah , Kreider Brent , Reddy Anupama , Liu Jingxia , Der Channing J , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Lim Kian-Huat
Published: November 2022

Background

Ulixertinib is a novel oral ERK inhibitor that has shown promising single-agent activity in a phase I clinical trial that included patients with RAS-mutant cancers.

Methods

We conducted a phase Ib trial combining ulixertinib with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GnP) for untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The trial comprised a dose de-escalation part and a cohort expansion part at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Primary endpoint was to determine the RP2D of ulixertinib plus GnP and secondary endpoints were to assess toxicity and safety profile, biochemical and radiographic response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Eighteen patients were enrolled. Ulixertinib 600 mg PO twice daily (BID) with GnP was initially administered but was de-escalated to 450 mg BID as RP2D early during dose expansion due to poor tolerability, which ultimately led to premature termination of the study. Common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were anemia, thrombocytopenia, rash and diarrhea. For 5 response evaluable patients, one patient achieved a partial response and 2 patients achieved stable disease. For 15 patients who received the triplet, median PFS and OS were 5.46 and 12.23 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Ulixertinib plus GnP had similar frequency of grade ≥3 TRAEs and potentially efficacy as GnP, however was complicated by a high rate of all-grade TRAEs (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02608229).