bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light People: Professor Che Ting Chan, curiosity drives to create the impossibilities
Authors: Sun Tingting , Xiong Ying
Published: June 2024

Editorial

“When something is said to be impossible, there are two points for researchers to initially clarify: whether it really is forbidden by the laws of nature; or whether it is simply that no material that currently exists in nature can do that.” Metamaterials are such magical beings, which have physical properties like invisibility, negative refraction, super-resolution, and perfect absorption that are absent from natural materials. It has been rated by Science as one of the top ten scientific and technological breakthroughs affecting human beings in the 21st century.

In this issue of Light People, we spoke with a “magic” creator, Professor Che Ting Chan, the Associate Vice-President (Research & Development) of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Member of the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences and Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has researched a number of theoretical problems in material physics, investigated the theory behind what they seek to achieve, and modulated light (electromagnetism) and acoustic waves through metamaterials. In the following, let’s take a closer look at Professor Che Ting Chan’s research life, and appreciate his style and the background of his accomplishment.
Downfolding from ab initio to interacting model Hamiltonians: comprehensive analysis and benchmarking of the DFT+cRPA approach
Authors: Chang Yueqing , van Loon Erik G. C. P. , Eskridge Brandon , Busemeyer Brian , Morales Miguel A. , Dreyer Cyrus E. , Millis Andrew J. , Zhang Shiwei , Wehling Tim O. , Wagner Lucas K. , Rösner Malte
Published: June 2024

Model Hamiltonians are regularly derived from first principles to describe correlated matter. However, the standard methods for this contain a number of largely unexplored approximations. For a strongly correlated impurity model system, here we carefully compare a standard downfolding technique with the best possible ground-truth estimates for charge-neutral excited-state energies and wave functions using state-of-the-art first-principles many-body wave function approaches. To this end, we use the vanadocene molecule and analyze all downfolding aspects, including the Hamiltonian form, target basis, double-counting correction, and Coulomb interaction screening models. We find that the choice of target-space basis functions emerges as a key factor for the quality of the downfolded results, while orbital-dependent double-counting corrections diminish the quality. Background screening of the Coulomb interaction matrix elements primarily affects crystal-field excitations. Our benchmark uncovers the relative importance of each downfolding step and offers insights into the potential accuracy of minimal downfolded model Hamiltonians.
Orpinolide disrupts a leukemic dependency on cholesterol transport by inhibiting OSBP
Authors: Cigler Marko , Imrichova Hana , Frommelt Fabian , Caramelle Lucie , Depta Laura , Rukavina Andrea , Kagiou Chrysanthi , Hannich J. Thomas , Mayor-Ruiz Cristina , Superti-Furga Giulio , Sievers Sonja , Forrester Alison , Laraia Luca , Waldmann Herbert , Winter Georg E.
Published: June 2024

Metabolic alterations in cancer precipitate in associated dependencies that can be therapeutically exploited. To meet this goal, natural product-inspired small molecules can provide a resource of invaluable chemotypes. Here, we identify orpinolide, a synthetic withanolide analog with pronounced antileukemic properties, via orthogonal chemical screening. Through multiomics profiling and genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 screens, we identify that orpinolide disrupts Golgi homeostasis via a mechanism that requires active phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi membrane interface. Thermal proteome profiling and genetic validation studies reveal the oxysterol-binding protein OSBP as the direct and phenotypically relevant target of orpinolide. Collectively, these data reaffirm sterol transport as a therapeutically actionable dependency in leukemia and motivate ensuing translational investigation via the probe-like compound orpinolide.
A chromosome-level genome of the striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus)
Authors: Hu Mingliang , Fan Deqian , Hao Jiaqi , Zhang Fenghua , Xu Wenjie , Zhu Chenglong , Wang Kun , Song Xiaojing , Li Lisen
Published: June 2024

The striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus), a member of the sub-order Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, possesses remarkable adaptations. These include the ability to modulate body coloration for camouflage, utilize bioluminescent esca for predation, and employ elbow-like pectoral fins for terrestrial locomotion, making it a valuable model for studying bioluminescence, adaptive camouflage, fin-to-limb transition, and walking-like behaviors. To better study and contribute to the conservation of the striated frogfish, we obtained the micro-CT image of the pectoral fin bones and generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly using multiple sequencing technologies. The assembly spans 548.56 Mb with a contig N50 of 21.05 Mb, and 99.35% of the genome is anchored on 24 chromosomes, making it the most complete genome available within Lophiiformes. The genome annotation revealed 28.43% repetitive sequences and 23,945 protein-coding genes. This chromosome-level genome provides valuable genetic resources for frogfish conservation and offers insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying its unique phenotypic evolution. Furthermore, it establishes a foundation for future research on limb development and adaptive camouflage in this species.
Prevalence and relevant factors of nocturia and its impact on sleep quality in Chinese university students
Authors: Liu Yakai , Zhang Zhenwei , Huijie Hu  , He Xiangfei , Xu Pengchao , Qifeng Dou  , Song Cuiping , Zhang Huiqing , Franco Israel , Kamperis Konstantinos , Rittig Søren , Jianguo Wen
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and relevant factors of nocturia and its impact on sleep quality in university students in Mainland China. A large-scale survey was conducted on 14,000 university students from 3 universities in Henan province, China by using an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire collected the information from the past six months. The relationships between the prevalence of nocturia and its relevant factors were evaluated. A total of 13,874 questionnaires were collected and 13,104 qualified for statistical analysis. A total of 659 students suffered from clinically relevant nocturia (CRN) (4.56% in male and 5.34% in female). Both univariate analysis and the logistic stepwise regression model showed that the prevalence of nocturia was significantly related to female, history of enuresis, ease of waking up, urgency, frequency and RUTI (P < 0.05). The sleep quality and the university entrance score of CRN group was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). Nocturia was common in Chinese university students and showed a negative impact on sleep and academic performance. Gender of female, history of enuresis, ease of waking up, urgency, frequency and RUTI were relevant factors for CRN.
Magneto-optical assessment of Plasmodium parasite growth via hemozoin crystal size
Authors: Orbán Ágnes , Schumacher Jan-Jonas , Mucza Szilvia , Strinic Ana , Molnár Petra , Babai Réka , Halbritter András , Vértessy Beáta G. , Karl Stephan , Krohns Stephan , Kézsmárki István
Published: June 2024

Hemozoin is a natural biomarker formed during the hemoglobin metabolism of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. The rotating-crystal magneto-optical detection (RMOD) has been developed for its rapid and sensitive detection both in cell cultures and patient samples. In the current article we demonstrate that, besides quantifying the overall concentration of hemozoin produced by the parasites, RMOD can also track the size distribution of the hemozoin crystals. We establish the relations between the magneto-optical signal, the mean parasite age and the median crystal size throughout one erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, where the latter two are determined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The significant correlation between the magneto-optical signal and the stage distribution of the parasites indicates that the RMOD method can be utilized for species-specific malaria diagnosis and for the quick assessment of drug efficacy.
Extended phase space thermodynamics of regular-AdS black hole
Authors: Rehan Mohd , Islam Shafqat Ul , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: June 2024

After obtaining an exact regular-AdS black hole resulting from the coupling of general relativity with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED), we explore the thermodynamics of the extended phase space, treating the cosmological constant ($$\Lambda$$
Λ
) as the pressure (P) of the black holes and its conjugate as thermodynamic volume (V). Considering the NED parameter (g), we investigate the Hawking temperature, entropy, Gibb’s free energy and specific heat at the horizon radius. Due to the presence of NED charge, the black hole exhibits van der Waals-like phase transition instead of Hawking-Page phase transition, which could be observed through the $$G-T$$

G
-
T

plots, which display a swallowtail pattern below the critical pressure, and it gives rise to second-order phase transitions when pressure attains its critical value. The first-order phase transition shares similarities with the liquid-gas phase transition. We determine the exact critical points and explore the influence of NED on $$P-V$$

P
-
V

criticality, revealing that the isotherms undergo a liquid-gas-like phase transition for temperatures below its critical value $$T_C$$

T
C

, especially at lower $$T_C$$

T
C

. The identical critical exponent to that of the van der Waals fluid suggests that the NED does not alter the critical exponents, as observed in other arbitrary AdS black holes.
A fully coupled system of generalized thermoelastic theory for semiconductor medium
Authors: Sherief H. , Naim Anwar M. , Abd El-Latief A. , Fayik M. , Tawfik A. M.
Published: June 2024

This study presents a new mathematical framework for analyzing the behavior of semiconductor elastic materials subjected to an external magnetic field. The framework encompasses the interaction between plasma, thermal, and elastic waves. A novel, fully coupled mathematical model that describes the plasma thermoelastic behavior of semiconductor materials is derived. Our new model is applied to obtain the solution to Danilovskaya’s problem, which is formed from an isotropic homogeneous semiconductor material. The Laplace transform is utilized to get the solution in the frequency domain using a direct approach. Numerical methods are employed to calculate the inverse Laplace transform, enabling the determination of the solution in the physical domain. Graphical representations are utilized to depict the numerical outcomes of many physical fields, including temperature, stress, displacement, chemical potential, carrier density, and current carrier distributions. These representations are generated for different values of time and depth of the semiconductor material. Ultimately, we receive a comparison between our model and several earlier fundamental models, which is then graphically represented.
Experimental demonstration of cyclotron emissions in micro-scale graphene structures
Authors: Planillo Jordan , Grbovic Dragoslav , Alves Fabio
Published: June 2024

A solid-state implementation of a cyclotron radiation source consisting of arrays of semicircular geometries was designed, fabricated, and characterized on commercially available graphene on hBN substrates. Using a 10 µm design radius and device width, respectively, such devices were expected to emit a continuous band of radiation spanning from 3 to 6 GHz with a power 3.96 nW. A peak emission was detected at 4.15 GHz with an effective array gain of 22 dB. This is the first known experimental measurement of cyclotron radiation from a curved planar graphene geometry. With scaling, it may be possible achieve frequencies in the THz range with such a device.
Probing the design principles of photosynthetic systems through fluorescence noise measurement
Authors: Maroudas-Sklare Naama , Goren Naama , Yochelis Shira , Jung Grzegorz , Keren Nir , Paltiel Yossi
Published: June 2024

Elucidating the energetic processes which govern photosynthesis, the engine of life on earth, are an essential goal both for fundamental research and for cutting-edge biotechnological applications. Fluorescent signal of photosynthetic markers has long been utilised in this endeavour. In this research we demonstrate the use of fluorescent noise analysis to reveal further layers of intricacy in photosynthetic energy transfer. While noise is a common tool analysing dynamics in physics and engineering, its application in biology has thus far been limited. Here, a distinct behaviour in photosynthetic pigments across various chemical and biological environments is measured. These changes seem to elucidate quantum effects governing the generation of oxidative radicals. Although our method offers insights, it is important to note that the interpretation should be further validated expertly to support as conclusive theory. This innovative method is simple, non-invasive, and immediate, making it a promising tool to uncover further, more complex energetic events in photosynthesis, with potential uses in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food-tech.
Multimodal deep learning for dementia classification using text and audio
Authors: Lin Kaiying , Washington Peter Y.
Published: June 2024

Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the daily lives of older adults, impacting their verbal communication and cognitive function. Early diagnosis is important to enhance the lifespan and quality of life for affected individuals. Despite its importance, diagnosing dementia is a complex process. Automated machine learning solutions involving multiple types of data have the potential to improve the process of automated dementia screening. In this study, we build deep learning models to classify dementia cases from controls using the Pitt Cookie Theft dataset from DementiaBank, a database of short participant responses to the structured task of describing a picture of a cookie theft. We fine-tune Wav2vec and Word2vec baseline models to make binary predictions of dementia from audio recordings and text transcripts, respectively. We conduct experiments with four versions of the dataset: (1) the original data, (2) the data with short sentences removed, (3) text-based augmentation of the original data, and (4) text-based augmentation of the data with short sentences removed. Our results indicate that synonym-based text data augmentation generally enhances the performance of models that incorporate the text modality. Without data augmentation, models using the text modality achieve around 60% accuracy and 70% AUROC scores, and with data augmentation, the models achieve around 80% accuracy and 90% AUROC scores. We do not observe significant improvements in performance with the addition of audio or timestamp information into the model. We include a qualitative error analysis of the sentences that are misclassified under each study condition. This study provides preliminary insights into the effects of both text-based data augmentation and multimodal deep learning for automated dementia classification.
Outcomes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after recovery from COVID-19 infection of different severity
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Chau Chi Hung , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Lam Fai Man , Ho James Chung Man
Published: June 2024

While studies have suggested increased risks of severe COVID-19 infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the persistent and delayed consequences of COVID-19 infection on patients with COPD upon recovery remain unknown. A prospective clinical study was conducted in Hong Kong to investigate the persistent and delayed outcomes of patients with COPD who had COVID-19 infection of different severity (mild-moderate COVID-19 and severe COVID-19), compared with those who did not. Chinese patients with COPD ≥ 40 years old were recruited from March to September 2021. They were prospectively followed up for 24.9 ± 5.0 months until 31st August 2023. The primary outcome was the deterioration in COPD control defined as the change in mMRC dyspnea scale. The secondary outcomes included the change in exacerbation frequency and non-COVID-19 respiratory mortality (including death from COPD exacerbation or bacterial pneumonia). 328 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with mild-moderate and severe COVID-19 infection had statistically significant increased risks of worsening of mMRC dyspnoea scale by increase in 1 score from baseline to follow-up with adjusted odds ratios of 4.44 (95% CI = 1.95–10.15, p < 0.001) and 6.77 (95% CI = 2.08–22.00, p = 0.001) respectively. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection had significantly increased risks of increase in severe COPD exacerbation frequency with adjusted odds ratios of 4.73 (95% CI = 1.55–14.41, p = 0.006) non-COVID-19 respiratory mortality from COPD exacerbation or pneumonia with adjusted hazard ratio of 11.25 (95% CI = 2.98–42.45, p < 0.001). After recovery from COVID-19, worsening of COPD control from worsening of dyspnea, increase in severe exacerbation frequency to non-COVID-19 respiratory mortality (COPD exacerbation and pneumonia) was observed among patients with severe COVID-19. Mild to moderate COVID-19 was also associated with symptomatic deterioration.
MiR-503-5p alleviates peripheral neuropathy-induced neuropathic pain in T2DM mice by regulating SEPT9 to inhibit astrocyte activation
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Zeng Jingyang , Zhuang Yuanzhao , Jiang Changcheng , Xie Wenqin
Published: June 2024

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that causes peripheral and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Dysregulation of miRNAs plays a crucial role in DPN development. However, the role of miR-503-5p in DPN remains unknown. Herein, T2DM mice (db/db) were used as a DPN model in vivo, and astrocytes isolated from db/db mice were induced with high glucose levels as a DPN model in vitro. MiR-503-5p expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. GFAP, MCP-1, and SEPT9 protein levels were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Luciferase assays were performed to investigate the interaction between miR-503-5p and SEPT9. We found that miR-503-5p expression decreased in the spinal cord of DPN model mice and astrocytes treated with high glucose (HG). The db/db mice displayed higher body weight and blood glucose, lower mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency, and higher GFAP and MCP-1 protein levels than db/m mice. However, tail vein injection of agomiR-503-5p remarkably reversed these parameters, whereas antigomiR-503-5p enhanced them. HG markedly facilitated GFAP and MCP-1 protein expression in astrocytes, whereas miR-503-5p mimic or inhibitor transfection markedly blocked or elevated GFAP and MCP-1 protein expression, respectively, in astrocytes with HG. SEPT9 was a target of miR-503-5p. In addition, SEPT9 protein levels were found to be elevated in db/db mice and astrocytes treated with HG. Treatment with agomiR-503-5p and miR-503-5p mimic was able to reduce SEPT9 protein levels, whereas treatment with antigomiR-503-5p and miR-503-5p inhibitor led to inhibition of the protein. Furthermore, SEPT9 overexpression suppressed the depressing effect of miR-503-5p overexpression in astrocytes subjected to HG doses. In conclusion, miR-503-5p was found to alleviate peripheral neuropathy-induced neuropathic pain in T2DM mice by regulating SEPT9 expression.
Analysis of the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with contralateral hip fracture after initial hip fracture in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Liping , Tian Shoujin , Sha Weiping , Wang Liming , Xu Youjia
Published: June 2024

Fractures of the contralateral hip may easily occur in elderly patients after an initial hip fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and major predisposing risk factors of contralateral hip fracture after initial hip fracture in the elderly, to provide a clinical basis for preventing contralateral hip fracture. The data of 1586 patients who had sustained first or second hip fractures and had been surgically treated in our department were retrospectively analyzed. Potential predictive factors for contralateral hip fracture and descriptive statistics associated with surgery (such as blood loss, operation time, and length of hospital stay) were recorded. Of these patients, 133 (8.4%) suffered contralateral hip fracture. The rates of contralateral fracture after femoral neck and intertrochanteric fracture were 5.4% and 10.7% respectively (P < 0.01). Fifty-four cases of contralateral hip fracture occurred within one year, an incidence of 40.6%, while 95 cases (71.4%) and 105 cases (78.9%) occurred within two and three years, respectively, with a interval duration of 21.6 months. The risk factors for contralateral hip fracture were found to be age, type of first fracture, bone mineral density, the Singh index, and concomitant internal medical diseases, which were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of contralateral hip fracture in multivariate logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the presence of concomitant internal diseases, type of first fracture, bone mineral density, the Singh index, and age were found to be significant predictors of the risk of contralateral hip fracture in elderly patients after a first hip fracture.
Topological indices and patterns in iron telluride networks
Authors: Yang Hong , Hanif Muhammad Farhan , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Hanif Muhammad Faisal , Ahmed Hira , Fufa Samuel Asefa
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the complex interplay between topological indices and structural patterns in networks of iron telluride (FeTe). We want to analyses and characterize the distinct topological features of (FeTe) by utilizing an extensive set of topological indices. We investigate the relationship that these indicators have with the network’s physical characteristics by employing sophisticated statistical techniques and curve fitting models. Our results show important trends that contribute to our knowledge of the architecture of the (FeTe) network and shed light on its physiochemical properties. This study advances the area of material science by providing a solid foundation for using topological indices to predict and analyses the behavior of intricate network systems. More preciously, we study the topological indices of iron telluride networks, an artificial substance widely used with unique properties due to its crystal structure. We construct a series of topological indices for iron telluride networks with exact mathematical analysis and determine their distributions and correlations using statistical methods. Our results reveal significant patterns and trends in the network structure when the number of constituent atoms increases. These results shed new light on the fundamental factors that influence material behavior, thus offering a deeper understanding of the iron telluride network and may contribute to future research and engineering of these materials.
Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with ischemic colitis
Authors: Ahn Byoung Chan , Sagong Min , Kim Jeongseok , Park Myeongsoon , Bae Jinmok , Lee Jin Wook , Lee Yoo Jin , Lee Ju Yup , Jang Byung Kuk , Chung Woo Jin , Cho Kwang Bum , Hwang Jae Seok
Published: June 2024

Ischemic colitis (IC) and sarcopenia are associated with aging and multiple comorbidities. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictive role of sarcopenia in patients with IC. We retrospectively analyzed 225 hospitalized patients (median age, 72 years; women, 67.1%; severe IC, 34.2%) who were diagnosed with IC between January 2007 and February 2022. Sarcopenia was defined as the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra determined by computed tomography. It was present in 49.3% (n = 111) of the patients and was significantly associated with severe IC compared to those without sarcopenia (48.6% vs. 20.2%, P < 0.001). Sarcopenia was associated with extended hospitalization (median: 8 vs. 6 days, P < 0.001) and fasting periods (4 vs. 3 days, P = 0.004), as well as prolonged antibiotic use (9 vs. 7 days, P = 0.039). Sarcopenia was linked to a higher risk of surgery or mortality (9.0% vs. 0%, P = 0.001) and independently predicted this outcome (odds ratio [OR], 11.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24‒1467.65, P = 0.027). It was prevalent among hospitalized patients with IC, potentially indicating severe IC and a worse prognosis. This underscores the importance of meticulous monitoring, immediate medical intervention, and timely surgical consideration.
A Mendelian randomization study between metabolic syndrome and its components with prostate cancer
Authors: Xia Long , Yu Xiao-dong , Wang Li , Yang Lin , Bao Er-hao , Wang Ben , Zhu Ping-yu
Published: June 2024

Previous research has produced inconsistent findings concerning the connection between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer. It is challenging for observational studies to establish a conclusive causal relationship between the two. However, Mendelian randomization can provide stronger evidence of causality in this context. To examine the causal link between a metabolic composite and its components with prostate cancer, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilizing aggregated data from genome-wide association studies, followed by meta-analyses. In our study, we employed inverse variance weighting as the primary method for MR analysis. Additionally, we assessed potential sources of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy through the Cochran’s Q test and MR-Egger regression. Moreover, we used multivariate MR to determine whether smoking versus alcohol consumption had an effect on the outcomes. We found no causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components and prostate cancer(MetS, odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.738–1.223, p = 0.691; TG, [OR] = 1.02, 95%[CI] = 0.96–1.08, p = 0.59); HDL, [OR] = 1.02, 95% [CI] = 0.97–1.07, p = 0.47; DBP, [OR] = 1.00, 95%[CI] = 0.99–1.01, p = 0.87; SBP, [OR] = 1.00, 95%[CI] = 0.99–1.00, p = 0.26; FBG [OR] = 0.92, 95%[CI] = 0.81–1.05, p = 0.23; WC, [OR] = 0.93, 95%[CI] = 0.84–1.03, p = 0.16). Finally, the MVMR confirms that the metabolic syndrome and its components are independent of smoking and alcohol consumption in prostate cancer. We didn’t find significant evidence to determine a causal relationship between the metabolic syndrome and its components and prostate cancer through MR analysis. Further research is necessary to explore the potential pathogenesis between the two diseases.
Magnetocaloric efficiency tuning through solvent-triggered 3D to 2D interconversion in holmium(iii)-based dynamic MOFs
Authors: El Alouani Dahmouni Nadia , Orts-Arroyo Marta , Sanchis-Perucho Adrián , Moliner Nicolás , Mayans Júlia , Pacheco Mario , Castro Isabel , De Munno Giovanni , Marino Nadia , Ruiz-García Rafael , Martínez-Lillo José
Published: June 2024

Magnetothermal solvatoswitching in the family of holmium(iii) sesquioxalate hydrates takes place through a crystalline-to-amorphous-to-crystalline 3D to 2D MOF structural transformation.
The elusive phenylethynyl radical and its cation: synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity
Authors: Karir Ginny , Mendez-Vega Enrique , Portela-Gonzalez Adrian , Saraswat Mayank , Sander Wolfram , Hemberger Patrick
Published: June 2024

The reactive phenylethynyl radical, a key to PAHs in the ISM, was detected and spectroscopically characterized along with its singlet and triplet cations, and thermal products revealing a complex puzzle containing C8H5, C8H4, and C8H2 species.
The chemical assessment of surfaces and air (CASA) study: using chemical and physical perturbations in a test house to investigate indoor processes
Authors: Farmer Delphine K. , Vance Marina E. , Poppendieck Dustin , Abbatt Jon , Alves Michael R. , Dannemiller Karen C. , Deeleepojananan Cholaphan , Ditto Jenna , Dougherty Brian , Farinas Olivia R. , Goldstein Allen H. , Grassian Vicki H. , Huynh Han , Kim Deborah , King Jon C. , Kroll Jesse , Li Jienan , Link Michael F. , Mael Liora , Mayer Kathryn , Martin Andrew B. , Morrison Glenn , O'Brien Rachel , Pandit Shubhrangshu , Turpin Barbara J. , Webb Marc , Yu Jie , Zimmerman Stephen M.
Published: June 2024

The Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA) study investigated how chemicals transform in the indoor environment using perturbations (e.g., cooking, cleaning) and additions of indoor and outdoor pollutants in a test house.
A highly birefringent metal-free crystal assembled by cooperative non-covalent interactions
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Zhou Yang , Ahmed Belal , Xu Qianting , Huang Weiqi , Song Yipeng , Song Xianyu , Chen Bin , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen
Published: June 2024

By the cooperation of non-covalent interactions, we designed a metal-free birefringent crystal, NH4(H2C6N7O3)·2H2O, which possesses high birefringence Δn(exp) = 0.54@550 nm for effective modulation of polarized light.
Sulfur-regulated CoSe2 nanowires with high-charge active centers for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonium
Authors: Zhang Wuyong , Wen Yingjie , Chen Haocheng , Wang Minli , Zhu Caihan , Wang Yunan , Lu Zhiyi
Published: June 2024

The structural evolution of CoSe2 from 2D to 1D is achieved through the precise regulation of sulfur. The obtained S-CoSe2 NWs can efficiently mobilize nitrate reduction to ammonia in temperate environments.
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over silica supported FeCoNiCuRu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Lan Guojun , Zhang Liping , Xie Huimin , Shi Tuo , Luo Wen , Wang Yuxiang , Cheng Zaizhe , Sun Xiucheng , Qiu Yiyang , Li Ying
Published: June 2024

A simple organic ligand chelate-assisted thermal-reduction method provides a universal strategy for generating high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles catalysts with uniformly dispersed particles for efficient catalytic hydrogenation.
Crystal structure, semiconducting and photoluminescence (PL) properties of hybrid tin perovskite-like materials: [Cl–(CH2)2–NH3]2SnCl6 and [Cl–(CH2)2–NH3]2SnBr5.65Cl0.35
Authors: Elghoul Amal , Hajlaoui Fadhel , Karoui Karim , Allain Magali , Mercier Nicolas , Kozma Erika , Botta Chiara , Zouari Nabil
Published: June 2024

Hybrid halide perovskite-like materials have recently attracted great interest due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices, energy storage and the semiconductor industry.
Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of porosity evolution and inheritance from biomass to biochar through pyrolysis
Authors: Shen Kai , Wang Zhi , Xia Liwei , Ding Wei , Pan Fanda , Jiao Kaixuan , Gao Xuefeng , Xia Chen , Cao Jie , Hu Shengyu , Sun Tulai , Fan Hu , Chen Qiaoli
Published: June 2024

Electron tomography is employed to conduct a comprehensive porosity analysis of the biomass tobacco and its derived carbon materials.
FCC/α-Fe biphasic nano-sites synergize with CNTs to enhance reversible hydrogen storage of MgH2
Authors: Wan Haiyi , Qiu Junqi , Guan Haotian , Ding Zhao , Lu Yangfan , Chen Yu'an , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: June 2024

A ternary VTiFe solid solution alloy catalyst was strategically integrated with CNTs through a two-step ball milling process, which greatly improved the reversible hydrogen storage performance of MgH2via a synergistic mechanism.
Enzyme immobilization in a Ru(N^N)3-modified covalent organic framework for photoenzymatic cascade catalysis
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Guo Bingchen , Chai Zhihua , Gao Ming , Li Yanlin , Yu Yang , Huang Shengli
Published: June 2024

A covalent organic framework integrated photocatalysis, cofactor regeneration, and enzyme catalysis, forging a photobiocatalytic platform for producing enantiomerically pure 1-(propylthio)pentan-3-ol.
Site specific descriptors for oxygen evolution reaction activity on single atom catalysts using QMML
Authors: Siddharthan Erakulan E. , Ghosh Sourav , Thapa Ranjit
Published: June 2024

Descriptors are properties or parameters of a material that are used to explain any catalytic activity both computationally and experimentally.
Iron single-atom anchored N-doped carbon: an efficient catalyst for one-pot, scaled-up pentazolate synthesis
Authors: Wang Pengbo , Zhang Xiaopeng , Jiang Shuaijie , Dong Zheting , Lu Ruyi , Xu Yuangang , Wang Pengcheng , Lu Guo-Ping
Published: June 2024

An efficient and recyclable iron single-atom catalyst with FeN4 sites has been fabricated, which can facilitate the formation of an Fe(iv)O intermediate and achieve scaled-up pentazolate synthesis via a three-step, one-pot process.
Interior point methods in optimal control
Authors: Malisani Paul
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with Interior Point Methods (IPMs) for Optimal Control Problems (OCPs) with pure state and mixed constraints. This paper establishes a complete proof of convergence of IPMs for a general class of OCPs. Convergence results are proved for primal variables, namely state and control variables, and for dual variables, namely, the adjoint state, and the constraints multipliers. In addition, the presented convergence result does not rely on a strong convexity assumption. Finally, this paper compares the performances of a primal and a primal-dual implementation of IPMs in optimal control in three examples.
Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources based Mobile Charging Unit for Public Usage
Authors: Prakash Kandi Bhanu , Kakinatla Suresh , Burada Sankara Rao , Malla Siva Ganesh
Published: June 2024

Mobiles are becoming a part of our daily life and the usages of mobile phones are increasing day by day to simplify our lifestyle. The charging in the battery is very important to operate the mobile. However, the availability of charging points is very difficult to find in public places including bus stands, railway stations, most populated areas etc. Hence installing a charging device to charge various mobiles effectively is needed at many places in the society. Moreover, unlimited power supply is required to such a device for an effective operation. Further the utilizing of renewable energy sources to provide sufficient power supply to the charging device will be more effective. Renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic (PV) and wind based hybrid power supply systemsare incorporated into the charging device to supply required reliable power. However, different voltage levels are required to charge batteries of various mobiles. Hence, a multi-output dc to dc converter along with a master control unit is implemented in this paper. OPAL RT modules are utilized to create a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) system, which showcases outcomes across different operational modes.
IoT-Powered Innovations in Renewable Energy Generation and Electric Drive
Authors: Mohammed Al-Nafei Abbas Ali , Sharanya M. , Saxena Antima , Janakiraman V. , Gehlot Anita , Maheshwari A.
Published: June 2024

This review explores the growing impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on the energy sector, particularly in the context of renewable energy generation and electric drive systems. IoT technology has rapidly expanded into various sectors, including energy, smart cities, and industrial automation, revolutionizing monitoring, control, and management processes. In this paper, we examine the existing literature on IoT applications in energy systems, with a focus on smart grids. We also delve into the core IoT technologies, such as cloud computing and data analysis platforms, that underpin these innovations. Additionally, we address challenges associated with IoT implementation in the energy sector, notably privacy and security concerns, and suggest potential solutions, such as blockchain technology. Our findings provide valuable insights for energy policy-makers, economists, and managers, offering a comprehensive overview of how IoT can optimize energy systems. Furthermore, we highlight IoT’s expanding role in renewable energy and electric drive applications, enhancing performance monitoring, management, and energy savings while also advancing research and education in engineering.
Solar-Driven Wireless Charging: Innovations in Electric Vehicle Energy Systems
Authors: Abd Ali Al-Musawi Ali Nofal , Shree V Divya , Nema Ashish , Femilinjana D. Little , Joshi Ankita , Vimala Devi R.
Published: June 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining traction globally due to their energy efficiency and eco-friendliness compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the limited availability of charging infrastructure impedes their widespread adoption. As EV usage grows, public spaces are installing EV charging stations, but charging via fossil fuel-powered grids harms the environment. Utilizing solar power through photovoltaic (PV) panels offers a sustainable solution. This review examines recent developments in solar PV-EV charging systems worldwide, covering EV charging behaviour, station operations, and user geography. The proposed analytical methods are efficient and beneficial for researchers and students in the field. The article also explores innovations in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for charging EV batteries using solar panels. Various solar-powered EV charging station types and WPT components, such as compensators and coil structures, are analysed. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within WPT systems is discussed, emphasizing its role in enhancing efficiency. This review consolidates the evolving landscape of solar-driven wireless charging systems, advancing our understanding of sustainable transportation.
Short Review of Solar Energy Markets and Policies for Smart Cities Development
Authors: Gautam Chandra Kant , Das Neeraj , Kumar Ravindra , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a meticulous review of the solar energy markets and their instrumental role in driving the growth of smart cities. Drawing from extensive research, the review delves into urban metamorphoses spurred by the burgeoning growth of megacities, highlighting the significance of sociotechnical systems, evolved institutional practices, and energy material flows. The study identifies seven pivotal models for smart city energy governance, encompassing distributed energy resources, energy storage, microgrids, demand response, smart measuring systems, energy harvesting, and green technological innovations. A comparative analysis of urban developments in cities such as Singapore, Shanghai, and the greater Jakarta area reveals diverse trajectories in energy system evolution and business model shifts. The surging growth of solar energy, underpinned by technological breakthroughs, cost efficiencies, and robust governmental policies, is also explored. Although solar energy has been bolstered by a myriad of fiscal and regulatory incentives, it faces persistent challenges like technical impediments, financial barriers, and regulatory obstacles. The paper also introduces an innovative compound Real Options Approach (ROA) for appraising solar energy projects within smart cities, arguing its efficacy over the traditional Expected Net Present Value methods by recognizing managerial adaptability. In summation, this review accentuates the imperative of enduring policy support to amplify solar energy adoption worldwide, setting the stage for a sustainable smart city future.
Advanced Control Techniques for High-Power Power Converters
Authors: Nirmala D. , Ahila R. , Rawat Vidhi , Gehlot Anita , Alkkhayat A.H. , Wadhwa Lalitkumar
Published: June 2024

This paper offers a comprehensive review of the advancements in the domain of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers for Green Hydrogen Production. The review encompasses the exploration of various advanced control methods that have emerged as alternatives to traditional cascaded linear controllers, specifically for power converters in distributed generation systems and microgrids. The significance and functionalities of voltage source converters (VSCs) in these systems are elucidated, followed by a discussion on the dynamic performance limitations of linear controllers. The paper delves into the most notable advanced control methods, shedding light on their implementation principles, merits, and demerits. Furthermore, the paper touches upon the application of modelling methods apt for control and simulation of power electronic systems, emphasizing the benefits of non-linear modelling for controller design. The review also covers the state-of-the-art integrated switchedcapacitor and inductive power converters, providing insights into the utilization of transistor technology and various control strategies. By drawing comparisons and categorizing different converter technologies, the paper aims to present a holistic view of the current landscape and potential future directions in the realm of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Green Hydrogen Production.
Grid-Forming Converters: Stability and Control in Islanded Power Systems
Authors: Revathi V.M. , Sasikala R. , Geetha B. , Al-Attabi Kassem , Aggarwal Saurabh , Sherje Nitin P.
Published: June 2024

This review paper delves into the burgeoning field of Grid-Forming (GFM) Converters, particularly focusing on their role in ensuring stability and control in islanded power systems. The paper reviews work in three broad areas. The first area explores the various control schemes for GFM converters, offering a generalized control structure and comparing different solutions for each of the main subsystems. It also discusses open issues such as angle stability, fault ride-through capabilities, and the transition between islanded and grid-connected modes. The second area of study scrutinizes the challenges posed by low-inertia grids, which have become increasingly prevalent due to the integration of renewable energy sources. It evaluates the performance of GFM converters in the context of both small-signal and large-signal stability, filling a gap in the literature by offering a comparative study of various GFM control schemes for largesignal stability. The paper concludes by outlining the challenges and future trends in the application of GFM converters.
Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Platforms in Local Energy Markets
Authors: Alzubaidi Laith H. , Thakur Gaurav , G Vijayalakshmi , Mishra Ajit Kumar , Saritha G. , Dhabliya Dharmesh
Published: June 2024

This review explores Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading Platforms in Local Energy Markets, drawing insights from three key studies. These markets, using P2P trading, efficiently distribute electricity within communities. Research assesses P2P trading’s impact in a Norwegian neighbourhood, comparing it to scenarios without local markets. It also examines integrating PV systems, batteries, and electric vehicles on grid operations. Findings reveal minimal grid impacts with PVs alone, but adding batteries increases voltage fluctuations and losses. However, P2P trading benefits end-users with cost savings and supports Distribution System Operator operations. The paper surveys global P2P energy trading projects, emphasising communication and control networks within local Microgrids. It discusses the transition from passive consumers to prosumers in power networks and introduces the concept of a federated power plant, combining virtual power plants and P2P transactions among prosumers to address challenges and unlock additional value. This review fills research gaps, shedding light on P2P energy trading’s multifaceted aspects in local markets and its transformative potential for the energy sector.
Mobility Based Energy Efficient Mobile Handover for Improved Data Streaming in Mobile Networks
Authors: Pillai Anu G. , Madhavrao Deshmukh Shailesh
Published: June 2024

Data streaming has been identified as a key challenge in Mobile networks. Mobile handover is the key factor in maintaining data streaming and there exist number of approaches available which perform mobility handover according to energy, signal strength, and mobility speed. However, the methods suffer to achieve higher performance in data streaming. To handle this issue, an efficient Mobility and Energy based Streaming Model (MESM) is presented in this article. The method maintains the traces of streaming and network conditions like number of base stations with node details like energy, mobility speed and data rate received, signal strength, data rate required. Using all these details, the proposed model estimates Data Rate Factor (DRF) at each interval. The method identifies set of base station and routes to compute DRF factor according to the statistics. Based on the value of DRF value, the method performs handover with different base station. The proposed MESM improves the performance of handover and data streaming.
System for Locating Faults in Multiterminal Transmission Lines
Authors: Nabi M.A. , Deepak Karanam , Reddy S. Namitha , Bhargavi Y. , Bai B. Pavani , Karunya S.
Published: June 2024

In this project, the creation and application of computer-based fault detection methods for transmission lines with multiple terminals are discussed.These methods are part of a fault-finding system that precisely locates the fault site by using voltage and current signal measurements from smart electronic devices installed on transmission-line terminals. The transformer loading, connection type, and electrical characteristics are all data that the algorithms have access to. The power system components used by the fault-location techniques are likewise presented in this project’s phase component models.
Sustainable Mobility and Environmental Impacts of Green Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: S S Abhishek , Malik Gopalam Rahul , Suresh Devadath T. , B Anudev , Prasad Geena
Published: June 2024

The comprehensive study explores the vital role of the batteries in sustainable development. It evaluates the performance of batteries in both internal combustion engine (ICE) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) while emphasizing the environmental benefits of Green Batteries. The study also explores the battery maintenance and recycling practices for everyday automotive use. Based on lithium-ion battery data, it underscores the urgent need for effective recycling solutions and the rising battery recycling sector. The environmental impacts of battery production, especially for EVs, are recognised, emphasising the importance of transition to renewable energy sources. A comparison between fossil and nonfossil fuels demonstrates the potential benefits of cleaner energy sources. The study also compares the performance of conventional batteries with green batteries, and ultimately recommends the adoption of green batteries powered by renewable energy as a sustainable solution.