bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Perceptions of Exporting Problems Based on Firm Size and
Export Market Experience
Authors: Katsikeas Constantine S. , Morgan Robert E.
Published: July 2002

There is a lacuna of empirical research in the international marketing
literature pertaining to problems and issues encountered by exporting
firms, particularly in relation to the Western European context. In
addressing this gap, reports the findings of an ethnocentric study,
which focused on the problems confronting the ongoing export activities
of indigenous Greek manufacturing firms within the trading sphere of the
European Community. Examines specifically the extent to which there are
significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based on
the organizational characteristics of firm size and export market
experience. Tests two hypotheses, and identifies a number of such
differences. Provides conclusions and implications, which furnish both
managers and public policy makers with an awareness of scenarios where
exporting problems may arise. Considers the research limitations, and
also appends suggestions for avenues of future research on which these
have some influence.
Religious Contrasts in Consumer Decision Behaviour Patterns: Their Dimensions and Marketing Implications
Authors: Delener Nejdet
Published: July 2002

Studying the influence of the religious construct on consumer decision making is important owing to its stability over time and the observable nature of many of its elements. This research is, therefore, designed to explore the relationships between religiosity and consumer‐related marital roles in the process of automobile purchase decision making. Data were collected from Catholic and Jewish households residing in the North‐East region of the USA. Findings suggest that differential role behaviour varies according to religious influences. Results may imply that marketers should seek a niche within a given market. Marketing should not be seen as a quick‐fix solution for current problems, but rather entailing sensitivity in meeting the needs and wants of the consumers served. In developing marketing mix strategies, the importance of the decision maker′s religiousness must be considered. Specifically, enhanced knowledge of religious differences in consumption decision processes should have significant impact on the effectiveness of global marketing strategies.
Legal Aspects of Euro‐marketing
Authors: Hildebr Doris
Published: July 2002

The development of a Euro‐marketing strategy requires a link between the
marketing and legislative dimensions. Practice has shown that legal
aspects are still the main obstacles. Describes a survey involving a
number of major companies, illustrating possible restraints from EU
legislation on the implementation of a Euro‐marketing strategy, at the
stages of design, testing, distribution and promotion. For the section
on EU competition rules an additional sample of 30 companies from The
Netherlands and Belgium were interviewed about their expenses in setting
up European distribution channels. One major conclusion is that the
legal dimension needs to be kept in mind at the earliest stages of
developing an international marketing strategy.
Marketing as Multiplex: Screening Postmodernism
Authors: Brown Stephen
Published: July 2002

Marketing academics have recently been exhorted to embrace postmodernism, the so‐called “new perspective on life and the human condition that is sweeping across the globe”. Using postmodernism′s own tools of playfulness, paradox and irreverence – in the shape of the multiplex cinema as a metaphor for marketing – attempts to clarify some of the confusion surrounding postmodernism. Argues that much of what passes for postmodern marketing, is not, and draws attention to several shortcomings in the postmodernist position. Concludes that, although the concept has much to contribute to marketing discourse, the adoption of postmodern perspectives is not without penalty.
The Rise and Fall of the Copy Point
Authors: Fay Michael , Currier Gregory
Published: July 2002

The extent to which advertisers choose to make more or less use of
“informative copy”, or “copy points”, as a communicative and persuasive
technique, represents a model of how an advertisement will work. With
changing media technology, changing popular culture, and changing
advertising fashions, it might be expected that models of effective
advertising would change over time. Such changes would be reflected in
the use of “copy points” in advertisements. Using a variant on the
methodology developed by Resnik and Stern, extends research on the
information content of advertising copy through a study of magazine
advertisements over a period of 40 years. The number of copy points
contained in an advertisement rose steadily from 1953 until the late
1970s. In the 1980s this trend was reversed, with the number of copy
points falling sharply to below the 1953 level. While the observed fall
in copy point level in the 1980s was expected, the long prior period of
increase was not and may go some way to explain why the 1980s fall
occurred.
Information systems in marketing
Authors: Talvinen Jari M.
Published: July 2002

Analyses traditional management marketing information systems
(MkIS) as well as the more operational day‐to‐day sales and marketing
process‐oriented MkIS, by the type of use and organizational position of
users. Presents a framework relating MkIS to other organizational IS,
based on marketing management processes which facilitate the search for
new applications and opportunities for redesigning marketing and other
management processes in a more innovative way using modern information
technology. Describes in more depth the functionality and information
content of MkIS sub‐systems and marketing– and management‐related
organizational IS in order to make the framework useful and applicable
for practitioners.
A causal model to evaluate the relationships among supervision,
role stress, organizational commitment and internal service quality
Authors: Boshoff Christo , Mels Gerhard
Published: July 2002

Organizational research has shown that certain supervisory
behaviours contribute to an environment conducive to superior job
performance. Hypothesizes that supervision and role stress influence the
internal service quality of an insurance salesforce through their impact
on organizational commitment as an intervening variable. To test this
theory, a causal model to evaluate exogenous latent variables and
endogenous latent variables was fitted to data obtained from a sample of
140 insurance salespeople. Reveals that the organizational commitment of
insurance salespeople exerts a strong, positive influence on their
internal service quality, and establishes that organizational commitment
is positively influenced by participation in decision making and
negatively influenced by role conflict. Suggests that the management of
an insurance salesforce can enhance internal service quality by creating
a working environment where employees identify with the goals,
objectives and values of their organization.
Use of foreign language and models in print advertisements in East
Asian countries
Authors: Neelankavil James P. , Mummalaneni Venkatapparao , Sessions David N.
Published: July 2002

The need for cultural sensitivity in global marketing is recognized
widely. Using content analysis of 543 advertisements from four East
Asian countries, determines the marketing factors which lead to the use
of two advertising strategies that might be perceived as culturally
insensitive. Indicates that, while foreign languages are used widely, a
substantial number of advertisements also employ western models. Shows
the use of western models to be influenced by five factors: use of a
foreign language, target audience, product′s country of origin, product
type and customer country. Shows the use of foreign language words, on
the other hand, to be influenced by just two factors: customer country
and product type.
Country of origin marketing over the product life cycle
Authors: Niss Hanne
Published: July 2002

Discusses the appropriateness of using national image for international marketing purposes, based on an empirical survey carried out among 100 Danish export firms, from which the marketing strategies underlying the use of nationality in the promotion of Danish products abroad have been identified. Presents some general guidelines for the building of international brands and product images based on national image, and submits suggestions for further research. Finally, suggests that while a symbolic linkage between product and country of origin can be a useful positioning strategy in the beginning of a product’s life cycle, brand building through more abstract and emotional imagery becomes increasingly important in the later stages of the product life cycle.
Setting socially responsible marketing objectives
Authors: Sirgy M. Joseph , Lee Dong‐Jin
Published: July 2002

Financial‐ and growth‐oriented marketing objectives of traditional marketers have been criticized by marketing ethicists, because these objectives may lead to socially irresponsible marketing practices. Marketing based on the quality‐of‐life (QOL) concept posits that marketers should strive to enhance consumers’ wellbeing without harming other publics or stakeholders. Shows how marketing managers can set marketing objectives based on the QOL concept to guide socially responsible marketing practices. Develops a conceptual framework for setting marketing objectives. The framework shows that marketing managers with a QOL frame of mind should first examine the marketing policies that have been criticized by marketing ethicists. Second, marketing managers should logically drive specific marketing mix objectives based on the QOL concept. Third, general marketing objectives should be deduced from the marketing mix objectives for socially responsible marketing.
Ethical issues in insurance marketing in the UK
Authors: Diacon Stephen R. , Ennew Christine T.
Published: July 2002

Concern about ethical practices in the marketing of financial services has increased in recent years, despite an apparent strengthening of the regulatory framework. In part the ethical problems associated with the promotion and distribution of financial services may be attributable to specific features of the market such as asymmetric information. From the consumers’ perspective, there is a range of anecdotal evidence concerning ethical problems in the marketing of financial services in general and insurance products in particular. Information concerning the industry perspective on these issues is limited. Presents evidence of the extent to which ethical problems in marketing are identified by those in the industry and the extent to which the views of marketing staff differ from those of non‐marketing staff.
Model for market segments evaluation and selection
Authors: Sarabia Francisco J.
Published: July 2002

Suggests that the tasks involved in the market segmentation process have not been studied and developed with the same depth. Most of the academic interest has been directed towards the identification of segments, while works dealing with their evaluation and selection are very rarely found. Similarly, little attention has been paid to these tasks in the professional world. Reviews the academic material dealing with segment evaluation and selection. Also provides results of empirical research. This investigation was carried out in order to assess the importance given to these stages of the process, as well as the methods employed. Taking into account the considerable gap existing in this field both in academic and professional circles, proposes a model for the evaluation and selection of segments. The final output is a selection matrix, where segments are situated according to two multivariate dimensions. Finally, discusses different characteristics of the model.
Is today the right time to buy? Analysis of the factors which shape this opinion
Authors: Díaz De Rada Igúzquiza Vidal
Published: July 2002

Aims to define the index of consumer sentiment (ICS) and the different aspects which influence it. To this end, uses the hypothetical starting point that the subjective perception of the consumer’s economic situation has more to do with aspects of lifestyle than with socio‐demographic or economic characteristics. To prove this hypothesis, uses the statistical technique called “logistic regression” which has been applied to research on “economic behaviours and attitudes”, carried out by the CIRES Foundation.
Speaking truth to power? Pollsters as campaign advisers
Authors: Kavanagh Dennis
Published: July 2002

Looks at the role of the pollster in the UK and the USA and suggests that the UK pollster’s influence is modest, particularly when compared to his counterpart in the USA. Tries to explain why a more enduring relationship between pollsters and parties has not emerged. Concludes by suggesting that the political role of communications professionals may be about to change, with the advent of a new generation of politicians, apparently more at ease with the political uses of market research and public relations.
Consumer knowledge and country of origin effects
Authors: Schaefer Anja
Published: July 2002

Consumer knowledge has frequently been mentioned in the literature as a potential mediating factor in consumers’ use of country of origin as a product information cue. However, there is little agreement on the appropriate definition and measurement of consumer knowledge in this context, nor on the likely direction of its impact. Reports of empirical findings concerning the issue are even scarcer. Looks at various dimensions of consumer knowledge and how they impact on consumers’ use of the country of origin cue in evaluations of alcoholic beverages. Finds that neither brand familiarity nor objective or subjective product knowledge has a general main effect on consumers’ use of the country of origin cue but there are significant interaction effects. Shows that objective product class knowledge can, under certain circumstances, increase consumers’ reliance on country of origin when evaluating products with unfamiliar brand names but not with familiar brand names.
Messianic eschatology
Authors: Murray John A. , O’Driscoll Aidan
Published: July 2002

States that a Messianic view of eschatology is one that directs its hopes to a salvatory or vindicating figure, event or philosophy. In applying the eschatology metaphor to marketing, makes the case that, despite apocalyptic forebodings about its shortcomings, marketing’s salvatory prospects are much improved by the adoption of some new concepts and practices. Suggests that it is now productive to add a strongly process‐based view of marketing to more traditional perspectives. Comprehending marketing in terms of four core processes ‐ a marketing strategy process, a marketing management process, an order generation, fulfilment and service process, and a new product development process ‐ facilitates a redemptive reconceptualization of marketing activity.
Theory and measurement of consumer innovativeness
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , d’Hauteville François , Flynn Leisa R.
Published: July 2002

Presents findings validating French and German versions of the domain specific innovativeness scale or DSI, which was designed to measure consumer innovativeness for a specific product category. The data came from self‐administered surveys of 409 consumers in three countries: the USA (n = 121), Germany (n = 113), and France (n = 175). The study participants completed a questionnaire asking them to describe their wine‐related attitudes and behaviours. Data analysis showed that the DSI was unidimensional, high in internal consistency, positively correlated as hypothesised with wine usage (criterion validity), positively correlated as hypothesised with knowledge of and involvement with wine and uncorrelated with opinion seeking for wine (nomological validity), and unaffected by social desirability and acquiescence response styles.
Cultural domination: the key to market‐oriented culture?
Authors: Harris Lloyd C.
Published: July 2002

The past decade has seen a flurry of academic and practitioner interest in organizational culture. This has coincided with an increase of theoretical interest in organizational marketing. However, despite some obvious linkages, there have been few studies examining the links between the two. This paper synthesises existing marketing and culture theory into conceptualisations of organizational and market‐oriented cultures. Specifically, such cultures are presented as stratified, processual and subcultural. Thereafter, the development of a market‐led culture is reviewed in terms of the ability of the subculture of marketing to dominate the wider organizational culture. A series of propositions is forwarded relating to factors which affect this interaction. Conclusions and implications for research are presented and discussed.
Fault location in transmission line using hybrid neural network
Authors: Osowski Stanislaw , Salat Robert
Published: July 2002

The paper presents the application of self‐organizing neural network for the location of the fault in the transmission line and estimation of the parameter of the faulty element. The location of fault is done on the basis of the measurement of some node voltages of the line and appropriate preprocessing it to enhance the differences between different faults. The hybrid neural network is used to solve the problem. The self‐organizing layer of this network is used as the classifier. The output postprocessing MLP structure realizes the association of the place of the fault and its parameter with the measured set of node voltages. The results of computer experiments are given in the paper and discussed.
High field mobility and diffusivity of an electron gas in silicon devices
Authors: Liotta S.F. , Majorana A.
Published: July 2002

In this paper we consider the Boltzmann equation describing the carrier transport in a semiconductor. A modified Chapman‐Enskog method is used, in order to find approximate solutions in the weakly non‐homogeneous case. These solutions allow us to calculate the mobility and diffusion coefficients as functions of the electric field. The integral‐differential equations derived by means of the above mentioned method are numerically solved using a combination of spherical harmonics functions and finite‐difference operators. The Kane model for the electron band structure is assumed; the parabolic band approximation is obtained as a particular case. The numerical values of the mobility and diffusivity in a silicon device are compared with experimental data. The Einstein relation is also shown.
Simulation of submicron pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Lamari Nadia , Mfitih Mohamed , Nassif Nabil
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we present the results of submicron pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/ GaAs HEMT simulations. Our main interest is the study of electronic temperature behavior in the device and improvement of the current‐voltage characteristic curves. Three types of models are being used. The first is the well known drift‐diffusion model. The second is of the hydrodynamic type and the third is a combination of the two preceding models. The numerical treatment is based on the discretization by the Galerkin finite element method for both Poisson and continuity equations with the streamline‐diffusion method being used for the energy equation. A comparison of the different approaches have been realized and a synthesis on the validity of each of these models is being drawn.
ANN‐based automatic contingency selection for electric power system
Authors: Lo K.L. , Luan W.P. , Given M. , Bradley M. , Wan H.B.
Published: July 2002

Automatic contingency selection aims to quickly predict the impact of a set of next contingencies on an electric power system without actually performing a full ac load flow. Artificial neural network methods have been employed to overcome the masking effects or slow execution associated with existing methods. However, the large number of input features for the ANN limits its applications to large power systems. In this paper, a novel feature selection method, named the Weak Nodes method, based on a heuristic approach is proposed for an ANN‐based automatic contingency selection for electric power system, especially for the voltage ranking problem. Pre‐contingency state variables of weak nodes in the power system are adopted as input features for the ANN. The method is tested on the 77 busbar NGC derived network by Counter‐propagation Method and it is proved that it reduces the input features for ANN dramatically without losing ranking accuracy.
An efficient time discretization procedure for finite element ‐ electronic circuit equation coupling
Authors: Dular Patrick , Kuo‐Peng Patrick
Published: July 2002

An efficient and robust time discretization procedure of theta type is proposed in the frame of the finite element‐circuit equation coupling for electronic circuits with switches, i.e. the use of diodes, thyristors and transistors. This procedure enables the use of the Crank‐Nicolson scheme whatever the circuit and its working conditions by eliminating the undesirable oscillations of the solution peculiar to this scheme. It is based on the accurate determination of the switching instants and on a local modification of the theta parameter.
Adaptive dynamic input‐output analysis using neural networks
Authors: Ito Yukio
Published: July 2002

Considers an application of adaptive control policy to dynamic input‐output systems of Japanese large‐scale industrial (primary, secondary and tertiary) sectors by neural networks. The adaptive control policy has three steps. The first is to obtain the optimal control policy such that the minimization of the weighted sum of the squared deviation between the actual targets and the desired subject to econometric models is achieved. The second is to determine the optimal outputs for each industrial sector through dynamic input‐output system under the optimal control policies. The third is to obtain the network outputs by neural network algorithm through the controlled output equations derived from DIO system. We consider what affects the outputs if the optimal control policy was adopted, and how the change of industrial structure has occurred after the bubble burst in 1990s in Japan during 1985 through 1993, and we predict the future of the industries up to 2010 by using DIO linked to the final demand econometric models of the Japanese industrial sectors by simulation.
Digital setting for instruction
Authors: Nigro Aldo
Published: July 2002

Considers learning as the passage of information from one code to another; from the biological ones (DNA/PROTEIN/PATTERN) to the psychic (LANGUAGE). Believes that the circulation of information between the codes is a spontaneous phenomenon due to the informational presence of the environment: teaching must technically accelerate learning, acting on environmental information. Considers the traditional school setting, where the environmental cultural source is the teacher. However, the teacher acts above all through his own presence, stimulating direct communication through gaze. Discusses how in the new education setting the cultural source is the computer, which can directly flood the environment with the whole of humanity’s knowledge. The teacher is therefore the catalyst providing above all the digital stimulus, with his gaze acting on the student’s halo/joint. Didactic communication technology must increase digital communication that is, usually, neglected: one of the solicitation means is represented by the chromatic environmental one, namely, blue, that is the most suitable, and by the strengthening of gaze, through telegaze.
Continuous logic – II. Main generalizations
Authors: Levin V.I.
Published: July 2002

Outlines the basic results in the generalization of continuous‐valued logic. The survey is based on Russian publications. We consider an order logic, which is a generalization of continuous‐valued logic where operations of maximum selection (disjunction) and minimum selection (conjunction) are substituted with operation of selection of rth order argument, following the values of the arguments. Shows that this new operation is expressed in a superposition of disjunctions and conjunctions of continuous‐valued logic. Various classes of logical determinants are considered; they are thought of as numerical characteristics of matrices, expressible in operations of continuous‐valued logic. Namely, investigates order determinants, which generalize order logical operation of several arguments in matrix form, and determinants with various constraints on subsets of matrix elements. Properties of all logical determinants are discussed, compared with properties of algebraic determinants; techniques of computation of logical determinants are supplied. Also investigates a predicate algebra of choice, which generalizes continuous‐valued logic in case of simulation of discontinuous functions; a hybrid logic of continuous and discrete variables; a logic‐arithmetic algebra, which includes, in addition to continuous‐logic operations, four arithmetical operations; a complex algebra of logic, where supportive set C is a field of complex numbers. A description of each algebra includes basic laws, which are compared with the laws of conventional continuous‐valued logic. Several generalizations of continuous‐value logic operations to operations over matrices, random and interval variables are discussed. Some applications of continuous logics are indicated.
Robust controller design based on model reference approach
Authors: Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. , Chang J. Ignacio
Published: July 2002

This paper presents a method for designing a fixed controller, which is able to control in a stable fashion a family of linear time‐invariant n‐th order plants with arbitrary relative degree. This plant family is defined in terms of a nominal transfer function of rational type and bounded variations of the coefficients of numerator and denominator polynomials. The design method is based on the algebraic relationship existing in the model reference adaptive control technique between the true plant parameters, the ideal controller parameters and the model reference parameters. While applying the proposed method, the resulting plant families are broader if compared with other techniques used to design robust controllers.
Corrosion inhibition of aluminium and zinc pigments by copolymers
Authors: Müller Bodo , Schubert Martin , Oughourlian Claude
Published: July 2002

Aluminium and zinc pigments corrode in aqueous alkaline paint media with the evolution of hydrogen. Maleic acid‐styrene‐acrylic ester copolymers were synthesized by copolymerisation of maleic acid anhydride, styrene and different (meth)acrylic esters. Three acrylic esters (ethyl, n‐butyl, n‐hexyl) and two methacrylic esters (n‐dodecyl, n‐octadecyl) were used; the copolymers with long‐chain acrylic esters are amphiphilic. Additionally, a commercial (non‐amphiphilic) styrene‐maleic acid copolymer (SMA) with similar molecular mass and acid number was tested. The corrosion reaction of aluminium and zinc pigments in aqueous alkaline media can be inhibited by addition of these copolymers. But aluminium and zinc pigments react completely differently with the examined copolymers. With addition of the amphiphilic maleic acid‐styrene‐acrylic ester copolymers to aluminium pigment dispersions the evolved hydrogen volumes decrease with increasing chain‐length of the acrylate monomer in the copolymers, whilst with zinc pigment the hydrogen volumes increase, which is just the opposite compared with aluminium. Furthermore, there exist mathematical correlations between the number of carbon atoms of the ester alcohol of the acrylate monomer in the copolymers and the hydrogen volumes evolved.
Keep them at home: juvenile curfew ordinances in 200 American cities
Authors: Ruefle William , Mike Reynolds Kenneith
Published: July 2002

Reviews the history of curfews, which began in England under Alfred the Great. Detects an increased interest in current literature in the use of curfews. Surveys 200 US cities and finds that juvenile curfew ordinances have become widespread in the 1990s. Gives data inter alia on age groups affected, time limits applied, geographical constraints applied and curfew enforcement. Recommends that this descriptive analysis be followed by further research to explain the social dynamics of curfew movements, the various impacts of curfew ordinances, the role of community policing, etc.
The performance of college‐educated police: a study of self‐rated police performance measures
Authors: Krimmel John T.
Published: July 2002

Addresses a long‐standing debate as to whether or not college‐educated police officers perform their jobs better than others. Of the 250 officers asked to complete a self‐assessment form, officers with a bachelor’s degree rated themselves higher in a number of performance indicators than did those without a degree. Points out that the results may indicate that educated officers perform better, or it may indicate differences in perceptions about their duties. Whichever is the case, education confers the advantage of better written and oral communication skills. Recommends the use of self‐administered questionnaires to provide data for policy making.
Tired cops: probable connections between fatigue and the performance, health and safety of patrol officers
Authors: Vila Bryan
Published: July 2002

Conducts a pilot study on excessive fatigue in patrol officers of high crime rate areas, using data collected by 53 telephone esquires. Compares police overtime to that considered acceptable in other professions where public safety is implicated and finds that police receive unfavorable treatment. Considers the vulnerability of police to the effects of fatigue and the potential costs of fatigue on cognitive performance, misconduct, health and safety. Remarks that police are culturally constrained to accept fatigue; that managers depend on overtime to cope with fluctuating demands and to operate within economic limits; that police are obliged to spend lengthy hours in court; that officers can become dependent on overtime pay. Suggests inter alia that community policing will help in avoiding “exhausted crusaders”. Advocates use of self‐regulation, peer monitoring and health care, use of improved technology, modifying work schedules, limiting exposure to high crime and considering reforms to civil liability.
Consumers’ perceptions of the country‐of‐origin effect on purchasing intentions of (in)conspicuous products
Authors: Piron Francis
Published: July 2002

The country‐of‐origin effect and product consumption conspicuousness are examined. This study strengthens our understanding of the importance of the COO effect as it is investigated with respect to consumers’ purchasing intentions of public vs. private and luxury vs. necessity products. For instance, does the COO effect differ in its importance in the purchasing decision of conspicuous vs. inconspicuous products? A product’s country of origin has a stronger effect when considering luxury products. The conspicuous aspect of the consumption comes second.
The used‐vehicle superstore: a flawed concept
Authors: Urban David J. , Hoffer George E. , Pratt Michael D.
Published: July 2002

In the early 1990s, several new entrants extended “category‐killer, big‐box” retailing concepts to the marketing of used vehicles. Despite promise, each entrant has either exited the market or changed its business plan. Based on both primary and secondary data, the authors find that, although the superstore maintains some advantages over traditional used‐vehicle retailers, it has cost disadvantages over the traditional retailer. These findings on both the demand and the supply side of the business explain the observed market failures.
The Impact of Media Stories Concerning Health Issues on Food Product
Sales
Authors: Dodd Tim H. , Morse Steve
Published: July 2002

Consumer interest concerning the health aspects of food products has
grown in recent years. Consequently, media attention to scientific
studies about the beneficial or detrimental effect on consumers′ health
has resulted in substantial changes to the consumption of certain
products. A recent CBS 60 Minutes program, The French Paradox,
highlighted the health issues concerning red wine consumption. As a
result, red wine sales have climbed significantly. Discusses the
managerial implications for preparing and reacting to similar
situations.
Brand name strategies in the service sector
Authors: Turley L. W. , Moore Patrick A.
Published: July 2002

Although research associated with branding′s influence on consumer
behavior has increased in recent years, the vast majority of this work
has focussed on tangible goods rather than intangible services. Focusses
on branding and brand name strategies for intangible services. Develops
a classification system for service brand names and describes a study
which explores the degree to which these diverse strategies are used by
different types of services.
Will this kill that?
Authors: Boutié Philippe
Published: July 2002

Quotes: “The archdeacon contemplated the gigantic cathedral for a time in silence, then he sighed and stretched out his right hand towards the printed book lying open on his table and his left hand towards Notre‐Dame, and he looked sadly from the book to the church: ‘Alas’, he said, ‘this will kill that’…This was the presentiment that as human ideas changed their form they would change their mode of expression…that the book of stone, so solid and durable, would give way to the book of paper, which was more solid and durable still” (Victor Hugo, Notre Dame de Paris). Asks: Will this kill that? Will new digital media ‐ particularly Internet‐based ‐ forever change the way companies communicate? Points out that one billion people will be connected to the Internet by the year 2000, and argues that this will affect marketing and communications as we know them today; the question is: how? Debates the long‐term implications of this media evolution.
Consumer behavior and AIDS: assessing the business impact
Authors: Freiden Jon , Takacs Scott
Published: July 2002

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has had a catastrophic impact on humanity. Presents the African experience to illustrate what can happen if the threat is not prevented. Presents AIDS statistics to show the current status of the threat, and discusses prospects for a cure. Explains a system for classifying consumers and presents possibilities for how businesses and organizations may respond. Delineates industries facing a direct impact, as well as those indirectly affected by the AIDS crisis and discusses the nature of these relationships. Offers possibilities for future research directions and conclusions for managers.
Sun‐sign astrology in market segmentation: an empirical investigation
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne , Haggett Sarah
Published: July 2002

Demographic segmentation variables are cheap and easy to measure, while psychographic variables are more expensive and harder to measure, but can provide more insight into consumers’ psychology. Suggests that a prima facie case exists for the suitability of astrology as a segmentation variable with the potential to combine the measurement advantages of demographics with the psychological insights of psychographics and to create segments which are measurable, substantial, exhaustive, stable over time, and relatively accessible. Tests the premise empirically using results from a Government data set, the British General Household Survey. The analyses show that astrology does have a significant, and sometimes predictable, effect on behavior in the leisure, tobacco, and drinks markets. Discusses managerial implications of the results in terms of market segmentation and promotion.
Bringing innovation to life
Authors: Davis Scott M.
Published: July 2002

Argues that to innovate is the only sure‐fire way to ensure long‐term stability, satisfy shareholder growth goals, maximize employee happiness, and stay at the forefront of industry. Identifies the contrarian views and guiding principles which are embraced by successfully innovative companies. Devises a process, involving five clearly‐defined stages, to assist in new product development.
Cohorts II: a new approach to market segmentation
Authors: Bickert Jock
Published: July 2002

Asserts that when faced with complex motives and behavior, humans tend to simplify and generalize in order to make sense of a bewildering set of complexities. Categorical systems are standard tools for boiling down the diversity of human behavior into manageable pockets (market segments) that allow us to predict future behavior. Discusses the merits of this process and also the risks of oversimplification. Examines examples of successful direct marketing to market segments, in particular the Cohorts II system, and makes suggestions as to how best to identify and reach market segments. Concludes by addressing current trends (e.g., using the Internet as a marketing medium) and how these will affect market segmentation.
The influence of firm behavior on purchase intention: do consumers really care about business ethics?
Authors: Creyer Elizabeth H.
Published: July 2002

Posits that although behaving “ethically” should be important for its own sake, whether a firm behaves ethically or unethically may also have a significant influence on consumers’ purchase decisions. Examines the issue of unethical corporate behavior from the perspective of consumers. Addresses several questions. First, what are consumers’ expectations regarding the ethicality of corporate behavior? Second, is whether a firm acts ethically or unethically an important consumer concern, and if so, will information regarding a firm’s behavior influence their purchase decision? Demonstrates that consumers say they do care about a firm’s ethics and will adjust their purchase behaviors accordingly.
Retailers’ perceptions of the Americans with Disabilities Act: suggestions for low‐cost, high‐impact accommodations for disabled shoppers
Authors: Kaufman‐Scarborough Carol
Published: July 2002

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ushered in an era of puzzling, sometimes confounding regulations for retailers. While the mandated changes were welcomed by disability advocate groups and by consumers at large, retailers have been uneven in their implementation and enactment of the ADA’s actual requirements. The present research reports on a study in which a cross‐section of retailers were interviewed concerning their understanding and their actions following the ADA’s implementation. The study examined anticipated differences among retail awareness of and compliance with the ADA at the local versus the regional or national levels. It was expected and found that national and regional chains have a corporate policy enforced by local management, while locally‐owned retailers interpret and develop their own reactions to the ADA. The level of formality, level of accommodation, and amount of investment differ by available resources of each retailer and the ability to effectively manipulate shopping access. Our findings suggest that retailers can choose to implement low‐cost, high impact accommodations which involve simple readjustments of their existing policies. A critical look at problems and solutions suggests that a no‐surprise, high‐respect environment can be achieved with minimal expense to retailers.
Parsimonious measurement of customer satisfaction with personal service and the service setting
Authors: Nicholls J.A.F. , Gilbert G. Ronald , Roslow Sydney
Published: July 2002

This paper develops a concise customer satisfaction survey instrument to help organizations measure satisfaction with their services. A seven‐stage process was used to develop the instrument. Following pilot studies, a preliminary instrument of 24 items was administered to consumers of a variety of business firms and government agencies providing service to customers or clients. After further analysis, a revised instrument was developed consisting of 18 statements. Additional analysis and further purification led to an even more parsimonious final version of the customer satisfaction survey, employing nine statements in two factors; satisfaction with the personal service (SatPers) and satisfaction with the service setting (SatSett). Organizations could use the scale internally to identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as measuring their customer satisfaction.
Motivating moral corporate behavior
Authors: Lantos Geoffrey P.
Published: July 2002

Although companies are institutionalizing ethics, ethical infractions continue unceasingly, causing questions as to where ethical emphasis is going awry. Suggests that businesspeople need not only the intellect but also the will to do the right thing in the face of temptation. Proposes several reasons why businesspeople should want to take the moral high road, including the fact that usually ethical behavior proves to be profitable in the long run. However, such a pragmatic consideration is not sufficient to motivate a person of ethical character. The ethical person chooses the moral course of action regardless of personal sacrifice. It is such virtuous people that business leaders should be hiring and cultivating in ethical mentoring and training which instills an absolutist (not relativist) philosophy and reinforces the importance of willpower. Uses an advertising case study to illustrate how common ethical fallacies can be uncovered and dispelled among employees.
Attitudes towards offensive advertising: an Australian study
Authors: Waller David S.
Published: July 2002

As society becomes more complex, as we become more aware of the harmful effects of some products and as agencies try to become more creative to “cut through the clutter” to gain awareness, there will be more advertisements which the general public perceive as “offensive”. Analyses the responses to a survey of attitudes towards the advertising of particular products and reasons for being offensive. The attitudes are examined by means of a survey which presents a series of potentially controversial/offensive products. The study can be used by advertising agencies to develop an understanding of which advertising is perceived by some people as offensive, and a list of potentially controversial clients.
Environmental segmentation alternatives: a look at green consumer behavior in the new millennium
Authors: Straughan Robert D. , Roberts James A.
Published: July 2002

Looking to the future of green marketing, examines the dynamic nature of ecologically conscious consumer behavior. The study also provides a method of profiling and segmenting college students based upon ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Findings indicate that, despite a significant amount of past research attention, demographic criteria are not as useful a profiling method as psychographic criteria. Consistent with past findings, the study indicates that perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) provides the greatest insight into ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Further, the inclusion of altruism to the profile appears to add significantly to past efforts. Additional constructs examined suggest that environmental segmentation alternatives are more stable than past profiles that have relied primarily on demographic criteria.
An electronic finding aid using extensible markup language (XML) and encoded archival description (EAD)
Authors: Chang May
Published: July 2002

Increasingly, XML applications are appearing on the World Wide Web, from e‐commerce to information management. In the case of libraries and archives, XML enables more flexible information management and retrieval than using MARC or a relational database management system. Describes a project to explore the use of XML and the EAD, and the development of a prototype electronic finding aid. It focuses on the technical aspects, and reviews the options available and the choices made. This is done within the setting of a small‐ to medium‐sized archive with minimal tools and resources.
Z39.50 – a review, analysis and some thoughts on the future
Authors: Needleman Mark
Published: July 2002

This article will examine the Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol. It will look at some of the history of the protocol, its operation, and some of the major projects that have made use of it. There has been enough written (perhaps too much) about Z39.50 in the last several years so it is not intended to be a tutorial or detailed description of the protocol. The material that will be presented will try and put some context around the discussion. For those readers who are interested in delving into Z39.50 in a more technical manner, references to much of the material that has been written about it over the years will be provided at the end. Finally, the article will conclude with some thoughts on how technology and technological infrastructure have changed in the years since Z39.50 was initially developed and deployed, and where the protocol has so far lived up to its goals, and where it has perhaps failed to meet some of the high expectations that at least some people involved in the Z39.50 community held for it. The article will conclude with some of the author’s speculations (and they are really no more than that) of what the future role of Z39.50 is likely to be.
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major characteristics of the emerging Chinese language virtual library and its supporting search engines
Authors: Lin Ziyu
Published: July 2002

An emerging, globally Web‐based Chinese language virtual library offers unprecedented content availability and user accessibility. Virtual and physical libraries are defined, and compared, in terms of bibliographical searching. Then, the size of the Chinese language virtual library is estimated and its future development is predicted. The quantitative analysis concentrates on the content of this virtual library through examining the subject directories of more than 100 of its search engines. The findings show that 20 percent of the subject categories provide 80 percent of online access activities. Many subject categories characterise values of the Chinese‐speaking world. Discussion continues with structural and functional analyses of Chinese language search engines that support this virtual library. Further, an analytic overview is presented of Chinese language applications that render the necessary and sufficient computational linguistic conditions for utilising Chinese language online resources.
The new Lied Library at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas: introduction
Authors: Eden Brad
Published: July 2002

This special issue of Library Hi Tech includes a collection of nine articles describing the planning, implementation, and preliminary measurements on the technology incorporated into Lied Library.
Vision vs reality: planning for the implementation of a Web‐based online catalogue in an academic library
Authors: Dennis Nancy K. , Carter Christina E. , Bordeianu Sever
Published: July 2002

Many academic libraries are migrating to Web‐based online catalogs from traditional text‐based versions. These Web OPACs function as gateways to resources held not only locally, but beyond the library’s physical boundaries, using a Web browser as a common user interface. As library planners prepare to shift to a Web‐based online catalog, they face a range of complicated challenges. The coordinated efforts of staff throughout the library organization are required to implement the new paradigm. This article presents the issues that will be confronted in implementing a Web OPAC by systems, reference and cataloguing staffs.