bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P01-30 - Folate Deficiency in Outpatients with a Diagnosis of Unipolar Depression in Mental Health Center
Authors: Doll A. , Perez A. , Pina L. , Mena A. , Martin M. , Portoles J.J.
Published: June 2010

Folate deficiency have been linked to depression, anxiety, persistent depressive symptoms, and poor antidepressant response.

Objectives

Determine levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 in a sample of depressed patients in the first visit to mental health center.

Aims

Demonstrate a high prevalence of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in this group of patients and the relation with the depression and treatment resistant.

Method

The sample was all the patients with a diagnosis of unipolar depression, who were derivated by general practitioner (GP) between January and June 2009 to Vallecas Villa Mental Health Center in Madrid. The sample was 82 patients, they were between 20 and 86 years old. In 62 cases the GP derivated the patients because resistant to treatment, and in 20 cases were naive-treatment. In the first visit folate serum and vitamin B12 were measured.

Results

69 patients present low levels of folate (84,14%), and 4 low levels of vitamin B12 (4,87%). The mean of folate was 2,2 ng/ml in low-serum folate sample and the mean of vitamin B12 was 93 pg/ml in low vitamin B2 sample. 90,80% (56) of the resistant-treatment group presents low folate serum, in the naive sample was 65% (13).

Conclusions

In our sample depression is associated to a very high prevalence of folate deficiency. The highest prevalence appeared in the resistant-treatment group, so it could be a factor that influence in the persistent depressive symptoms, and poor antidepressant response.
P01-33 - System of Screening for the Depressive Pattern
Authors: Enatescu V. , Enatescu V.R.
Published: June 2010

The models of non-verbal behavior and communication constitute the basis of the clinical experience that determinate the presumptive diagnoses or initial diagnoses.

In depression, according to statistics, the majority of cases aren’t detected being treated by other medicine specialties or remaining without being treated.

We propose a study that would develop a system of screening which would detect the cases suspected of depression. This is based on the gait pressure analyses, model AGILE, the analyses of the physical specter of speech, the automatic analyses of gesture. All these three investigations can be realized in a very short period of time, of a few minutes for every case.

The pressure of the gat analyses took only tens of seconds. The suspected cases go forward to gesture and speech analyses, which took three minutes.

The determination of the diagnostic is made after the psychiatric clinical examination, after the known criteria.

At this system can be add the recognizing of depressive facies, after methods known in the natural intelligence.

Between the non-verbal communication channels: gait, voice, gesture, mimic, exists a solidarity, which increases the chance of recognizing the depression, the solidarity loosing in schizophrenia and this could be recognized as an element of semiology in the differential diagnostic.
P01-34 - The Influence of Clinical and non Clinical Factors on Academic Skills in a Romanian Sample with Recurrent Depression
Authors: Enatescu V.R. , Enatescu I.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Recurrent depression could be considered as a stumbling block for the individuals during their active period of life. Beside the global functionality, recurrent depression could affect negatively academic skills of depressed subjects that will result in considerable higher indirect costs of the disorder. Our main objective was to reveal the clinical and non clinical factors correlated with academic impairment in subjects with recurrent depression.

Material and methods

We performed a longitudinal retrospective study on 248 patients admitted in our Clinic for Recurrent depressive disorder during 2001 - 2005. Two control samples were done, one with Bipolar affective disorder (N=44) and other with Persistent delusional disorder (N=59).

Results

From 90 depressed subjects who were employed at the onset of psychiatric disorder, 56 (62.2%) became retired and another 6 (6.6%) became unemployed. Despite the treatability of recurrent depression the negative outcome on academic skills was similar to that occurring in both control groups that traditionally are considered as being more disabling. The clinical factors that concurred to the worsening of academic status were the more advancing age at the onset and actual moment of recurrent depression (p=0.006 and p=0.012 respectively), along with longer total duration of recurrent depression (p< 0.001), the absolute total number of depressive episodes and psychiatric hospitalizations (p=0.001).

Conclusions and discussions

Recurrent depression has a significant negative outcome on academic skills. The disabling character of recurrent depression could be caused by its high chronicity along with high recurrent pattern of clinical evolution.
P01-44 - Euthymic Bipolar Patients’ Deficits in in Social Cognition Tasks
Authors: Hajnal A. , Varga E. , Herold R. , Tényi T. , Fekete S. , Simon M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Theory of mind (ToM) has been proved to play a crucial role in social cognition and functioning. In our study, higher order mentalization performance of euthymic bipolar I patients were compared with that of healthy controls. The impact of demographic data, course of the disorder and patients’ current functioning were also considered while interpreting mentalization data.

Methods

The mentalizing performance (computerized faux pas task and false irony task), neurocognitive functioning, and IQ of twenty-three euthymic bipolar I patients and 31 matched (IQ, age) healthy controls were examined. In the patients group, the age at onset, the occurrence of psychotic symptoms, age, education, current employment status, and global functioning were also taken into account.

Results

Bipolar patients scored significantly lower in false irony tasks than healthy controls (p< 0,02). The deficit in irony tasks positively correlated with the number of episodes. Among the examined variables, the performance in the faux pas task predicted most closely the functional outcome in bipolar I disorder. No correlation was found between the ToM and irony deficits and the occurrence of psychotic symptoms, the length of the bipolar disorder or neurocognitive functioning.

Conclusion

Our results showed impaired performance in faux pas and irony tasks, which correlates with the number of previous episodes. Additionally, the impairment of ToM functions predicts a worse functional outcome.
P01-46 - Depression in Diabetic Women and Identification by Primary Care Physicians in UAE
Authors: Hawamdeh S.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aim was to:

1)

identify the prevalence of depression in diabetic women presenting in a primary care clinic;

2)

determine if the primary care physician detected depression in these patients; and

3)

determine if a relationship existed between depression and glycemic control (Hgb A1C) in these patients.

Method

Prospective, convenience sample. All women with a diagnosis of Type I or II Diabetes Mellitus were included. Participant's charts were audited for documentation of Hgb A1C levels, and the diagnosis of depression. Patients were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) scale. Participants who score 16 or higher on the BDI were considered depressed. Participants' scores on BDI II and their Hgb A1C levels were compared with demographic data, and chart verification of depression. Statistical analyses was accomplished using Chi-Square for categorical variables and student's t-test for independent variables all analyses was run using SPSS v. 10

Results

61 patients participated. When prevalence of depression in diabetic participants was compared with BDI II scores, 47% (N=24) of participants were found to be depressed. Primary care physician recognized and documented depression in 4% (N=2) of the depressed participants. The mean Hgb A1C was higher for depressed participants (9.31%) when compared to non-depressed participants (8.03%), but was not statistically significant I II (p =.788).

Conclusions

Depression was a major problem for patients with diabetes presenting to primary care clinic, and that diabetes was under diagnosed. Contrary to previous studies, patients in this study with diabetes and depression had similar glycemic control.
P01-48 - Haloperiol is a Better Choice than Risperidone for Patients with Schizopherenia with Positive Familial History
Authors: Kalbasi Anaraki P.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Schizophrenia is still one of the most mysterious and costliest mental disorders in terms of human suffering and societal expenditure that affects about 1.1 percent of the world population. But is there any difference for treating schizophrenia due to its cause? In this study we evaluate the therapeutic effect of haloperidol and risperidone in patients with positive familial history.

Method and materials

We had chosen 110 men with schizophrenia with positive familial history, who refer to psychology institute of Rasul Hospital in Tehran in 2000 to 2009. We divided these patients into two main groups by random, each group have 55 patients. For case group Haloperidol was used to control their symptoms and for the control group risperidone was used. During a period of one year we evaluate their response to the treatment in different groups.

Results

The mean age of patients in case group was 34.8 and for control group it was 34.4. From the case group 45.2% show decrease in their symptoms and in control group just 36.6% so the therapeutic effect of haloperidol was significantly better than risperidon for patients who have positive familial history. In addition after 6 months of therapy just 12% of patient in case group have remission but is control group we faced 28.3%.

Discussion

It is better to use the first line anti psychotic, haloperidol, in patients with positive familial history. This help to more decrease in symptoms and also the less chance for remission.
P01-49 - The Study Protocol of the Norwegian Randomized Controlled Trial of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment Resistant Depression in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Kessler U. , Schøyen H. , Vaaler A. , Ødegaard K. , Bergsholm P. , Andreassen O.A. , Malt U. , Morken G.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The treatment of depressive phases of bipolar disorder is challenging. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is generally considered to be the most effective treatment even if there are no randomized controlled trials (RCT) of ECT in bipolar depression. The safety of ECT is well documented, but there are some controversies as to the cognitive side effects.

Objectives

To compare the effects and side effects of ECT with pharmacological treatment in treatment resistant bipolar depression. Cognitive changes during the treatment will be measured, as well as quality of life.

Method

A prospective, randomised controlled multi-centre trial. 6- week acute treatment trial with 7 clinical assessments. Follow up visit at 26 weeks or until remission (max 52 weeks). A neuropsychological test battery designed to be sensitive to changes in cognitive function will be used.

Setting

Nine study centres across Norway, all acute psychiatric wards

Sample

132 patients aged 18 and over, who fulfil criteria for treatment resistant depression in bipolar disorder, MADRS score of at least 25 at baseline

Intervention

Intervention group: 3 sessions per week for up to 6 weeks, total up to 18 sessions. Control group: algorithm-based pharmacological treatment as usual.

Results

Six departments have included 43 patients since start in May 2008.

Conclusion

This study is the first randomized controlled trial that aims to investigate whether ECT is better than pharmacological treatment as usual in treatment resistant bipolar depression. Possible long lasting cognitive side effects will be evaluated. The study is investigator initiated, without support from industry.
P01-51 - Depressed Mood in Divorced and Undivorced Women
Authors: Khanmohammadi Otaghsara A. , Yaghoubi Hasankola G.
Published: June 2010

Objective & aim

The study aims to investigate depression in sample of women in divorced situation and comparison with normal ones (undivorced women).

Method

Method research is causative-comparative (Ex post facto). 30 divorced and 30 undivorced women age between 25-30 randomly were selected and Beck's depression questionnaire was administered on them. T independence test was used to analyze the data.

Results

Findings shows significant differences between tow groups. Divorced women have high scores in depression questionnaire. Also 70 percent of divorced women were in deep depression.

Conclusion

The findings indicated rate of depression in divorced women range from moderate to deep with affective and emotional disturbances that shows psychiatric disorders in the women and is needed plans and programs to relieve their depression and back them to social life.
P01-52 - State-of-art Neuroimaging Technologies and Negotiation of the Pharmacological Resistance in Anxious-obsessive and Depressive Disorders
Authors: Korzenev A. , Shamrey V. , Abritalin E. , Tarumov D. , Lebedev A. , Belousova A. , Fokin V. , Sokolov A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The neuroleptics, which were invented in the middle of the last century, have changed psychiatry as the clinical discipline, and a problem of the pharmacological resistance insensibly has become the main problem. A radical way to overcome the resistance of the anxious and depressive disorders lies in the field of the modern neurosurgical techniques. However, the verification of the resistance still requires more developed approach.

Aim

The main aim of our study was to develop and test an integrated neuropsychiatric approach in order to objectify the resistance and the disease severity for the selection of patients for surgical treatment.

Methods and participants

We used different types of neuroimaging techniques for reviewing clinical and neurophysiological correlations: positron-emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and its relations to the electroencephalography (EEG) data.

We examined 110 patients with depressive and anxious-obsessive disorders. 40 of them were examined using fMRI, 35 using PET and 35 using DTI. The patients were divided into groups by the ICD-10 criteria. The average age of the group was 46.3 years, the number of males and females in groups was approximately equal.

Results

It was revealed that the degree of resistance had a significant correlation with the number of functional and structural neuroimaging indicators.

Conclusions

We obtained data which objectifies the concept of resistance. We also represent our understanding of clinical and physiological approach to the selection of target structures for stereotaxic neurosurgical exposure (in particular for deep brain stimulation) in the complex treatment.
P01-53 - Local Adherence to National Guidelines in the Management of Bipolar Affective Disorders
Authors: Kumar A. , Rao K.P.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Bipolar affective disorders contribute significant mortality and morbidity in the management of mental disorders in developed and developing countries. A recent review reported 12- month estimates of approximately 1% (range 0.5% - 1.1%). The current practice reveals large variations in the standards of care delivery with non existent protocols in third world countries. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, United Kingdom) has developed guidelines that dictate the best practice in the management of Bipolar disorder in England and Wales.

Objectives

We compared local adherence to and uptake of NICE guidelines for Bipolar affective disorders (supposedly the best practice).

Aims

To feedback Managers and practicing psychiatrists in the local trust about the shortcomings in the best practice as per national guidelines.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical notes of nearly one-third of all the service users diagnosed with Bipolar Affective Disorder (ICD code F31) in a rural county in England.

Results & conclusions

The need to discuss pharmacological options with the patients to help make them an informed choice as well as offering psychological treatments and life style advice were the most deficient areas of practice. We plan to reaudit the practice to document changes in practice.
P01-54 - Stability Over Time in the Diagnosis of Functional Psychoses
Authors: Lazarescu M. , Durla A. , Tuculan A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To study the evolution of Functional Psychoses through continual supervision.

Material and method

A sample of 123 cases with Functional Psychotic Disorder were studied, observed and treated continually by the same team in the framework of the STEPF project that studies the evolution of psychoses through a Case Register established and exploited since 1985. The average period of evolution was 13 years. We studied the metamorphosis of the diagnosis over time in correlation with the demographic parameters and therapy.

Results

The stability of the diagnosis, in the sense of persistence of the first year diagnosis, was: Schizophrenia (41 cases) - 85%; Bipolar Disorder (22 cases) - 81%; Recurrent Depressive Disorder (20 cases) - 100%; Persistent Delusional Disorder (10 cases) - 80%; Paranoid Depressive Disorder (11 cases) - 27%. The majority of changes in the diagnosis happen during the first 5 years of illness. The last 10 years see changes in approximately 30% of the cases.

Conclusion

The stability over time of the diagnosis of Functional Psychoses is relative.
P01-55 - Melancholic Personality and Resistant Depression
Authors: Ledo Rubio A.I. , Coullaut Valera J. , Arrue Ruiloba R.D. , Coullaut Valera R. , Uribe Ladrón de Cegama F. , Blanco Garrote J.A. , Arbizia I.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Personality (according to Cloninger) responds to Biological aspects (temperamental) and Psychosocial (characterological), thereby forming the complex pattern of human behavior. High level of avoidance of harm and stiffness are factors associated with depressive disorders, closely linked to the Serotoninergic System. Melancholicus Typus (MT) is characterizes by its seriousness, scrupulousness of conscience, perfectionism, responsibility and order at all levels among other features.

Objective

Develop an inventory psychometrically to assess the influence of personality traits Melancholicus Typus in the appearance of resistant depression throughout life.

Method

Retrospective observational study. We designed a questionnaire with a total of 70 items that shaped the personality of Melancholicus Typus. We explored the internal consistency using statistical factor analysis, as well as discriminate validity of these. This questionnaire was applied to the sample of 100 patients signed informed consent prior. They met criteria for inclusion/exclusion. The patient population is from the Institute of Psychiatry Rafael Coullaut. Madrid.

Conclusion

The existence of personality traits of Melancholicus Typus identifies a vulnerability to developing relevant resistant depression over the life of individuals. The inventory developed for this study is a useful test to assess personality traits such as Melancholicus Typus both clinical populations and general population.

Results

The scale shows good construct validity, as well as good internal consistency through correlations Item/Total. The reliability of the scale is high.
P01-56 - Screening for Heavy Drinking among the Depressed
Authors: Levola J. , Aalto M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Heavy drinking commonly complicates treatment of depression. This study evaluated how the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its abbreviations perform in mild and moderate depression.

Methods

In a subsample (2086/4020, response rate 51.9 %) of the National FINRISK 2007 Study a modified Beck Depression Inventory (short form) was administered to evaluate depression. The AUDIT, AUDIT-C and AUDIT-3 were tested against the gold standard of heavy drinking according to the definition of the World Health Organization calculated from the Timeline Followback.

Results

Mild depression was found in 32 % of men and 40 % of women, moderate depression in 13 % and 18 %, respectively. In the mildly depressed, 44 % of men and 30 % of women were defined as heavy drinkers, in the moderately depressed 49 % and 27 %, respectively.

The AUDIT and AUDIT-C performed consistently in mild and moderate depression. The optimal cut-offs (sensitivity and specificity ≥ 0.75) for men were of ≥ 8 or ≥ 9 for the AUDIT and ≥ 6 for AUDIT-C. The optimal cut-offs for women were ≥ 5 for the AUDIT and ≥ 4 for AUDIT-C. The AUDIT-3 did not perform well in women, but in men a good level of sensitivity and specificity was reached with a cut-off of ≥ 2.

Conclusions

The AUDIT and AUDIT-C performed well in screening for heavy drinking among the depressed. In depressed men, the AUDIT-3 i.e. a single question was efficacious in detecting heavy drinking. The need for sex-specific cut-offs was highlighted.
P01-57 - Analysis of Pooled Safety Data from three Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies of Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Loze J.-Y. , Gismondi R. , McQuade R. , Carson W. , Berman R.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

To evaluate the safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD) without psychotic features within different patient subgroups.

Methods

Data were pooled from three multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (CN138-139, CN138-163 and CN138-165). Patients who did not respond adequately to an 8-week course of standard ADT were randomized to receive adjunctive aripiprazole or placebo for a further 6 weeks. To assess differences in the adverse events (AE) profile of aripiprazole for demographic subgroups, the incidence of AEs was presented for the pooled placebo-controlled MDD studies by gender, age, and race. An odds ratio (OR) estimate was calculated and the ORs compared across all categories using the Breslow-Day test for AEs with incidence ≥5% in the pooled aripiprazole group.

Results

In total, 14.3% of aripiprazole-treated patients and 12.5% of placebo-treated patients discontinued treatment. Treatment-emergent AEs were reported by 65.4% and 82.3% in the adjunctive placebo and adjunctive aripiprazole groups, respectively. Most aripiprazole-related AEs were, however, mild to moderate in severity. With the exception of blurred vision, which occurred in white patients only (p=0.002), there were no significant differences in the incidence of treatment-emergent AEs across different age groups, racial groups or between the genders in the aripiprazole- and placebo-treated groups.

Conclusion

Adjunctive aripiprazole was generally well tolerated and most treatment-emergent AEs were of mild to moderate severity. The AEs profile of adjunctive aripiprazole did not show significant variation in relation to age, gender or race, compared with that of placebo.
P01-58 - Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Pooled Data on Functioning from three Clinical Trials
Authors: Loze J.-Y. , Gismondi R. , Baker R. , Nashat M. , Corey-Lisle P. , Rollin L. , Tran Q.-V. , Forbes R. , Berman R. , Marcus R.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive antidepressant therapy (ADT) with regard to functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who did not achieve an adequate response with standard ADT.

Methods

Pooled data were analyzed from three nearly identically designed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials: CN138-139, CN138-163 and CN138-165. These included patients with MDD, without psychotic features, who had failed at least one ADT treatment in the present episode. Patients completing an 8-week prospective ADT phase with inadequate response were randomized to 6-weeks’ treatment with adjunctive aripiprazole (n=508) or placebo (n=494). Functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Comparisons of mean change from baseline in total SDS score, and domains of family life, social life and work/school were performed using ANCOVA.

Results

Adjunctive aripiprazole produced significant improvements in total SDS (-1.2 on an adjusted scale of 1-10, with 10=worst level of functioning/1=best) vs adjunctive placebo (-0.7, p< 0.001). Adjunctive aripiprazole produced significant changes in the family life domain (-1.4 for adjunctive aripiprazole vs -0.7 for adjunctive placebo, p< 0.001) and the social life domain (-1.4 for adjunctive aripiprazole vs -0.7 for adjunctive placebo, p< 0.001). No difference between groups was observed on the work/school domain (-0.8 for adjunctive aripiprazole and -0.6 for adjunctive placebo, p=0.34).

Conclusions

Adjunctive aripiprazole showed significant improvements in overall SDS scores, and family and social life domains. Less change was observed in the work/school domain. The results emphasize that assessment of patient functioning may have utility both in clinical trials and clinical practice.
P01-62 - An Audit Comparing Suicidality Rates between Antidepressant Monotherapies Prescribed for Unipolar Depression
Authors: Agius M. , Gardner J. , Liu K. , Zaman R.
Published: June 2010

Background

It has been demonstrated that there are differences in efficacy and acceptability of commonly prescribed anti-depressants (Cipriani et al. 2009). Escitalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine and mirtazapine were the most effective.

Objectives

We wished to see whether our own data showed similar outcomes to the data from the metanalysis using decrease in suicidality as an outcome measure.

Aim

To compare the efficacy of anti-depressant monotherapies in patients with unipolar depression at Bedford Hospital, using suicidality (suicidal ideation and behaviour) as the outcome measure.

Method

We included all patients with unipolar depression on an antidepressant monotherapy in Bedford hospital in our analysis (145 in total). We examined the clinical notes for each patient to assess whether they demonstrated suicidality after being prescribed the antidepressant. This allowed us to calculate rates of suicidality for each antidepressant monotherapy.

Results

The prescription of sertraline was associated with the greatest reduction in suicidality, closely followed by citalopram.

Discussion

Our results support the findings of the meta-analysis. None of the patients on Escitalopram expressed suicidality, so a reduction in suicidality rates could not be demonstrated for this monotherapy.

Conclusion

This audit in a small group of patients suggests that sertraline is associated with the greatest reduction in suicidality compared to the other monotherapies prescribed.
P01-66 - Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder -Case Study
Authors: Martins A. , Moreira R. , Silva A.
Published: June 2010

The association between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder has been suggested since Morel (1860) who described obsessive-compulsive symptoms among bipolar patients. Pierre Janet (1898) created the concept of Psychasthénie, in which he included: obsessions and impulsions, most of anxious and phobic symptoms, some delusional states, some forms of periodic depression and episodic mood disorders. Other classic authors have mentioned this comorbidity.

According to more recent studies, the prevalence of OCD among patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder varies from 16 to 35%. On the other hand some obsessive patients seem to present a Cyclothymic OCD, pointing to a co-morbid Bipolar Disorder.

The authors present one case study of a 50-year-old Caucasian male with present diagnostic of Bipolar Disorder and previous history of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

This comorbidity constitutes a diagnostic challenge with therapeutic implications. Sometimes the obsessive symptoms are underdiagnosed at the depressed patient delaying the adequate treatment with anti-obsessive agents. The bipolar OCD has deficient response to antidepressants and usually requires treatment with a mood stabilizer.
P01-68 - Factors Associated to Course of Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder: Acutely Depressed Versus Subthreshold Mixed Patients
Authors: Mazza M. , Mandelli L. , Di Nicola M. , Martinotti G. , Harnic D. , Bruschi A. , Catalano V. , Tedeschi D. , Colombo R. , Bria P. , Serretti A. , Janiri L.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the clinical characteristics of the bipolar spectrum by examining factors associated to course of symptoms in BP patients. We evaluated differences between acutely depressed versus subthreshold mixed patients.

Methods

90 depressed patients (Group 1, HDRS: 18.2±4.6, YMRS: 1.4±2.9) and 41 patients presenting a mixed subthreshold symptomathology (Group 2, HDRS: 9.1±3.2, YMRS: 9.6±6.4) were included in the study. All patients underwent structured diagnostic interviews for axis I and axis II disorders (SCID-I, SCID-II) and have been submitted to psychometric assessment with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Global Assessment Scale (GAS), Social Adjustment Self-reported Scale (SASS), Quality of Life Scale (QoL), at baseline and repeated follow-up (1, 3, 6, 12 months). Personality dimensions were evaluated by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R).

Results

The most important result is the slight increase in depressive symptoms in subthreshold mixed patients after 3 months of treatment. These patients were more likely diagnosed as BP-I, were non-SUD patients and/or non-comorbid for axis II personality disorders and had a shorter duration of current episode prior intake. Measures of social and functional adjustment were not different in the two groups, though a slight trend for depressed patients to report a poorer quality of life. No difference in personality traits were observed among the two samples.

Conclusions

Our study confirms the importance of considering subthreshold symptoms in the evaluation and treatment of patients with Bipolar Disorder.
P01-72 - Depression and Neuropsychological Functions in Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Messinis L. , Lyros E. , Papathanasiou T. , Andrian V. , Papathanasopoulos P.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The issue of the association between depression and neurocognitive functions is of special interest due to the strong relation between primary depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments, but this relationship in PD is far from clear at present.

Objectives

To examine the influence of depression on cognitive and speech performance in various stages of PD.

Methods

Forty four patients with PD were recruited from the neurology department, University Hospital of Patras in Greece. All patients satisfied PDSBB criteria and dementia was ruled out (MMSE < 24) in all cases. Patients were then divided into six groups, based on severity of PD symptoms and presence of depression. Stage of disease severity was determined using the Hoehn - Yahr Rating Scale. Presence and severity of depression was established using the Beck Depression Inventory and DSM -IV-TR diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and dysthymia. Patients were further assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery and the dysarthria examination battery. All patients were receiving standard medications for their PD symptoms.

Results

Deficits in executive functions, prosody and speech intelligibility were most profound in the late stage depressed PD group. Phonetic impairments were most profound across all stages compared to articulatory and prosodic impairments.

Conclusions

Depressed mood may exacerbate cognitive and speech impairments and affective variables should be an integral part in the treatment of PD in all stages of the disease process, but especially in the later stages.
P01-84 - Deep Brain Stimulation, Electroconvulsive Therapy, or Both? A Two Case Report
Authors: Portella M.J. , Puigdemont D. , Pérez-Egea R. , de Diego-Adeliño J. , Molet J. , Gironell A. , Alvarez E. , Pérez V.
Published: June 2010

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) cannot always be effective for Treatment Resistant Depression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a procedure that involves the direct implantation of stimulation electrodes in localized brain regions with the aim of modulating local and connected abnormal activity, has recently been gaining momentum as an alternative treatment modality for the most severe TRD patients. However, there is minimal experience with ECT in patients who have undergone DBS procedures.

Methods

We present two cases of patients who remitted from TRD after SCG-DBS, and some months after they suffered a relapse that was treated with ECT.

Results

Before DBS intervention, ECT was not capable to sustain response more than two weeks beyond and was even bad tolerated by these patients. DBS was effective for both patients until a severe relapse occurred (after 4 and 14 months, respectively). Optimization of medication did not elicit response, given the seriousness of symptoms and their previous treatment resistance. Therefore, neurostimulator was turned off in order to administer ECT to both patients. After usual series of sessions set at corresponding parameters over 3 weeks, using bitemporal electrode placement, the episode remitted. Deep brain stimulator was turned on again, and they were in remission until the present moment.

Conclusions

The use of ECT proved to be effective without adverse effects to the patients or to the DBS hardware. The modulation of SCG activity and its downstream targets might also serve as a trigger for the therapeutic effect of formerly useful or even never-effective antidepressant strategies.
P01-85 - Monitoring of Urea and Electrolytes in Older Mental Health on Antidepressants with co Morbid Risk Factors
Authors: Reddy H.
Published: June 2010

Most Antidepressants have been associated with hyponatremia.The mechanism of this adverse effect is probably due the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone(SIADH).Hyponatremia is a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of anti depressants that demands careful monitoring in those patients at risk. It has been suggested that sertonergic drugs are relatively more likely to cause Hyponatremia.

Risk factors

:

Extreme old Age

History of Hyponatremia

Co- therapy with other drugs known to be associated with Hyponatremia

Reduced renal function

Medical Co morbidity.

Objectives

To monitor baseline investigations like urea and electrolytes at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months when starting antidepressants, documentation of co morbid medical conditions, past history of Hyponatremia and monitoring of risk factors.

Methodology

A total of 17 patients were randomly selected and the case notes were reviewed for demographic details, diagnosis, type and dose of Antidepressant, co morbid medical condition, risk factors and details of investigation at base line and follow up appointments.

Results

:

-

41% had baseline investigations, 18%at 2 weeks, 12% at 4 weekly and 6% at 3 monthly.

-

6% had Abnormal Blood results and one patient was referred to medicine.

-

None of these patients had developed Hyponatraemia.

Conclusions

47% patients had depression, 6% had bipolar affective disorder, 6% had Dementia, 6% had Mixed Anxiety Disorder, 12 % had vascular dementia and 6 % had Psychotic Depression.

24% of the patients were on diuretics, 12% on NSIADS, 6% each on Carbamazepine and Cancer Chemotherapy.
P01-88 - Evaluation of the Rate of Depression between out Addict Patients and Healthy Poeople in Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Kazemi R.
Published: June 2010

Background

Our main goal of this study is the investigation of depression prevalence between addict people and normal people. We decided to show main emotional problems of addict people.

Methods

This investigation is a descriptive study that 30 normal people and 30 addict people as the accident samples by Beck Depression inventory test and with clustered way are collected. We have gained results by SPSS and statistical analysis.

Results

Our study shows that 33.3% of people are normal and 66.7% of our cases are depressed, 51.7% are married and 51.2% poor, 36.7% young, 31.7% low grade educations and finally 83.3% of them are employed. 45% of cases have major depression.

Discussion

Our research explains that there isn’t meaningful relation between depression, age, occupation, marriage situation, income and education status of addict people and their addiction. We suggest decreasing the reasons of depression in humans.
P01-90 - Depression and Anxiety in Caregivers
Authors: Ruiz Peña M. , Iglesias Hernández M.I. , Madueño Caro A.J. , Fernández Crespo M.T. , Barros Rubio C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in caregivers of dependent grade II and III of a health center. Calculate the perceived social support for caregivers. Estimating the degree of caregiver stress. Assess the socio-demographic factors associated.

Design

Descriptive and transversal.

Scope

Primary Health Care.

Subjects

We selected 55 dependent caregivers grade II and III consecutive sample, according to the law of dependence, belonging to the health center Algeciras-North and were registered in the database of the Center on January 31, 2009. Exclude those who would not participate in the study, did not understand the Spanish language or could not contact with them.

Method

We conducted through a questionnaire that contained heteroadministrated Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety, social support scale of the Duke, caregiver overload of Zarit and sociodemographic variables. The accomplishment was held at the home of the caregiver.

Results

We detected the presence of depressive disorders in 47.3% (95% 14,6-39%) respondents and anxiety disorders in 25.5% (95% 23-6-61,1%). 36.4% (CI 95% 23,8-50,4%) of caregivers had low social support and overhead was 57.1% (CI 95% 43,2-70,9%).

Conclusions

Caregivers of Dependent grade II and III in our area are at risk of depressive disorders and anxiety. At the same time, they feel helpless, so we think it would be interesting to be given greater attention from health centers in order to identify them early.
P01-92 - Early Changes are Associated with late Changes of BDNF Serum Levels in Inpatients with Major Depression During Short-term Antidepressant Treatment
Authors: Schlicht K.F. , Wagner S. , Peetz D. , Borysenko L. , Krannich D. , Bernius A. , Hiemke C. , Lieb K. , Tadić A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Mean BDNF serum concentration is lower in patients with major depression (MD) as compared to healthy controls. BDNF increases during the course of antidepressant treatment. This increase has been associated with symptom amelioration. The aim of this study was to analyse the relation between early and late BDNF changes during antidepressant treatment.

Methods

Forty-six patients with MD according to DSM-IV were included for this study. Patients were treated as clinically indicated. Depression severity was assessed by HAMD-17 by trained raters from baseline to week 6 in weekly intervals. Serum at each visit (baseline, V1-V6) was obtained from whole blood after centrifugation with 1.000 × g for 15 minutes. Aliquots were frozen at −80°C until analysis. BDNF serum concentration was determined with ELISA (R&D Systems). We analysed correlations between early changes of BDNF level (baseline to weeks 1 and 2) with BDNF changes in the later course of treatment (change from baseline to weeks 4, 5 and 6). Further, the association between early and late BDNF changes was calculated by means of linear regression analysis.

Results

There was a high correlation between BDNF changes in the early course of treatment and final BDNF changes (p< 0.05 for each analysis). Early BDNF changes accounted for a high percentage of the variance of late BDNF changes (p< 0.05 for each analysis).

Conclusions

These results suggest that an early change of BDNF serum level is predictive for BDNF change in the later course of antidepressant treatment in patients with Major Depression.
P01-114 - Abating Anxiety & Sustaining Peace in Mind is Possible Through Continious Practice and Devotion in Eastern Philoshopical Doctrine
Authors: Acharya A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Keeping off anxiety from mind & it's bodily symptoms is a challenging task through centuries. Cause of anxiety is broadly viewed as Heriditary & Environmental factors. We have some drugs to lessen acute/ generalised anxiety. What will happen if the environmental stimulus is sharpen or reduced gradually.

Objective

In eastern philoshopical doctrine anxiety is seen aroused as either sexual urges oriented or materialistic sences. In psycho-analytical theory of Sigmoid Freud, diguised libidonal senses that are trying to come in surface is viewed as the primary cause of anxiety. There is a similarity that libidonal or sex thoughts, usually socialy unacceptable are seen as the sole cause of anxiety mainly.

Aims

Unfolding of eastern spiritual or philoshophical doctrine will show some path in attaining a less anxiety state in an enduring pattern.

Methods

Hindu saints saying, “women and financial assettes or materiastic objects are all evils like poison, if you are diped into it, peace will not be achieved in your mind”-Sree Ramkrihna.

Anxiety reliefing is attainable through lifelong practice & devotion. According to Swami Vivekanata who delivered excellent speaches in Religions of Parliament in Chicago, in 1851 said “If you are honest for each moments…you have gained the highest state, nothing (worry or anxiety) could touch you.”

What is practice? Meditation meaning cutting the mind from external world for few minutes or hours and keep the body & mind calm, tranquil & free from all earthly thinking.

In perfoming Work, stay in a non self, or a non “I” doing way of thinking.

Results

Meditation, nonattachment will bring relief.

Conclusion

Dispassionate, non myself sencse woking&de-atachement are key-factors.
P01-123 - I Need to Live a Life that I can Accomplish
Authors: Bjerke T.N. , Wynn R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Individuals’ self-image and how they view their personal qualities can be of great importance for how and where they seek help for their health problems. Few have studied in-depth the connection between self-image and the use of text-based Internet communication.

Objectives/aims

We examined how members of two Internet-based Alcoholic Anonymous groups explained their preferences for using Internet-based AA groups, either alone or in combination with face-to-face AA groups.

Methods

Data were obtained over the course of one year by means of participant observation and in-depth e-mail interviews with 11 members from different countries. The first author participated in two online AA groups by posting and responding to the topics in the e-mail meeting, bulletin board and discussion forum. The 11 e-mail interviews were semi-structured and asynchronous, that is, they were not conducted in real-time but over a period ranging from five weeks to three months.

Results

Online AA members explain their preferences for using Internet-based self-help groups by referring to their self-image and personal qualities as well as their self-diagnoses (e.g. social anxiety, aspergers syndrom, compulsiveness and impulsiveness). Some use a combination of online and face-to-face groups which helps them to overcome their social phobia.

Conclusion

Internet self-help groups seem to represent an important alternative for people who experience difficulties with face-to-face communication. Participation in online AA groups is easier to combine with everyday life. The Internet groups provide a more anonymous context for people who want to be heard, but not necessarily seen.
P01-124 - Treatment of Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Elderly People wih Pregabaline
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The aim of the current study is to analised our clinical experience with pregabalin, evaluate his efficacy and safety in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in elderly people.

And safety in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in elderly people.

Methods

The patients sample was selected of 3 psychogeriatric centers, considering patients 65 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder with or without psychiaric comorbidity.

Results

The treatment with pregabalin has improved both somatic and mental symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder in the 15 patients analised.

The mean age was 71 years (women 68%). Significant improvement has been observed in the control of psychic and somatic anxiety symptoms in 10 of the 15 patients. In 3 patients the control of the symptoms was partial.

The tolerability of the product has been good in medium doses of 250 mg/day. The most frequently adverse events were somnolence and dizzeness. Discontinuations due to adverse events were in 2 patients

Conclusions

Pregabalin is a novel compound, a structural analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the key inhibitory neurotrnsmitters in the brain. Its mode of action is believed to be mediated by alpha-2-delta-1 subunit protein of voltage-gated calcium channels to bring about its anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects.

Pregabalin has been shown to be safe, well tolerated and effective in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in patients 65 years old and older.
P01-126 - Olanzapine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report
Authors: Darghal M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

We report the case of a patient with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that had a significant reduction in obsessive-compulsive symptoms after the addition of the atypical antipsychotic to the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Methods

Ms. A, a 31-year-old woman, with no family history of psychiatric disorders has been suffering from OCD for 4 years. His main obsession was contamination, and his compulsions (washing rituals) occupied 12 hours a day, rendering him unfit for work in there house or employment. Various treatments had been ineffective. His Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score (Y-BOCS) at his first psychiatric interview was 38. He was taking clomipramine, sertraline, haloperidol, amisulpride, and alprazolam. Previous trials did not result in clinically meaningful responses (side effects prevented titration to higher doses), however all psychiatric drugs were discontinued except sertraline (100 mg/day) associated with olanzapine (5 mg/day).

Results

After 10 days, Ms. A reported significantly lessened anxiety and, after three months, significantly lessened obsessive-compulsive symptoms. By the fourth month, his symptoms were occurring for only few hours week Y-BOCS total score of 16). At this point, the addition of olanzapine would appear to be a useful short- and long-term strategy for augmenting SRI effectiveness in resistant OCD patients.

Conclusion

Current options for treatment-resistant OCD include switching to an alternative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or augmentation with other agents. Our case suggests that olanzapine may be an option for treatment-resistant OCD, but controlled studies are needed to substantiate this observation.