bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Land Deformation Monitoring Using Quasi-Persistent Scatterer (Q-PS) Technique Observed by Sentinel-1A: Case Study Kelok Sembilan
Authors: Razi Pakhrur
Published: May 2019

Located on the mountainous area, Kelok Sembilan flyover area in West Sumatra, Indonesia has a long history of land deformation, therefore monitoring and analyzing as continuously is a necessity to minimize the impact. Notably, in the rainy season, the land deformation occurs along this area. The zone is crucial as the center of transportation connection in the middle of Sumatra. Quasi-Persistent Scatterer (Q-PS) Interferometry technique was applied for extracting information of land deformation on the field from time to time. Not only does the method have high performance for detecting land deformation but also improve the number of PS point, especially in a non-urban area. This research supported by 90 scenes of Sentinel-1A (C-band) taken from October 2014 to November 2017 for ascending and descending orbit with VV and VH polarization in 5 × 20 m (range × azimuth) resolution. Both satellite orbits detected two critical locations of land deformation namely as zone A and Zone B, which located in positive steep slope where there is more than 500 mm movement in the Line of Sight (LOS) during acquisition time. Deformations in the vertical and horizontal direction for both zone, are 778.9 mm, 795.7 mm and 730.5 mm, 751.7 mm, respectively. Finally, the results were confirmed by ground truth data using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) observation.
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN DANA KAS PADA DEPARTEMEN KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DAN EKOWISATA IPB
Authors: UTAMI SITI BUNGA , Wahyuningsih Diah
Published: May 2019

Kas adalah aset perusahaan yang paling likuid dan juga merupakan sumberdaya yang mutlak diperlukan untuk menjalankan kegiatan operasional perusahaan. Keberadaan kas sangat mudah dipindahtangankan sehingga beresiko tinggi dari tindakan penyelewengan dan penyalahgunaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya pengelolaan yang baik dan transparan agar tidak memberikan pengaruh yang buruk terhadap perusahaan dan mengganggu kelancaran kegiatan operasionalnya.Tujuan peninjauan ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengelolaan dana kas kecil pada sebuah lembaga pendidikan dalam melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya dengan cara mengetahui bagaimana sistem dan posedur pembentukan, pencatatan, penggunaan dan pengisian dana kas serta sistem pengendalian dan pengawasan dana kasnya. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pengelolaan dana kas yang dilakukan pada lembaga pendidikan tersebut sudah berjalan secara baik berdasarkan sistem dan prosedur yang diterapkan. Peninjauan yang dilakukan penyusun adalah di Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata (DKSHE) IPB, yang berlokasi di Dramaga Bogor. DKSHE merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang menyelenggarakan dan mengembangkan pendidikan akademik pada Program Sarjana dan Pasacasarjana.Hasil peninjauan menunjukkan bahwa sistem dan prosedur pembentukan dana kas kecil DKSHE mengikuti aturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku di IPB, pencatatan yang dilakukan Bendahara Pengeluaran Pembantu (BPP) hanya berupa Kas Tunai Manual dan mengisi Sistem Informasi Keuangan (SIMKEU) IPB, masih terdapat kelemahan dari segi arus dokumen dalam penggunaan dana kasnya, pengisian kembali dana kas dilakukan ketika sudah mencapai batas minimum dengan mengikuti sistem dan prosedur yang berlaku di IPB, terdapat adanya otorisasi pihak yang berwenang pada pengendalian dan pengawasan dana kasnya, dan tidak adanya fungsi pemisahan tugas dan tanggung jawab bagian yang mengelola dana kas DKSHE. Keywords : evaluasi, pembentukan, pengendalian, pengelolaan
TINJAUAN ATAS PROSEDUR PEMBAYARAN DAN PELAPORAN PAJAK DAERAH SECARA ONLINE MELALUI SISTEM E-SPTPD PADA DINAS PENDAPATAN DAERAH KOTA BOGOR
Authors: HERDIYANA WINDA , Pramiudi Udi
Published: May 2019

Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor merupakan Kantor yang bergerak di bidang Perpajakan untuk pelayanan umum dengan tujuan memperoleh penerimaan dalam melakukan kegiatan pemungutan pajak daerah termasuk pelaporan dan pembayaran pajak daerah.Sistem E-SPTPD adalah suatu system aplikasi yang dibangun berbasis web yang dikembangkan sebagai sarana dimana Wajib Pajak dapat mendaftarkan, membayar dan melaporkan kewajiban Pajak Daerahnya secara online serta dapat diakses dimana saja. Aplikasi ini terkoneksi secara real time dengan system informasi pajak asli daerah (SIP Deh) yang sudah berjalan di Dispenda Kota Bogor.Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Bagaimana prosedur pembayaran dan pelaporan pajak daerah secara online melalui sistem e-SPTPD (2) Apa kendala yang dihadapi oleh Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor dalam memberikan pelayanan pajak (3) Apa upaya yang dilakukan Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor untuk mengatasi Kendala dalam pelayanan Pajak. Penyusunan tugas akhir ini menggunakan pengamatan secara langsung dan metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) dari tanggal 1 April-1 Juni 2015.Hasil peninjauan didapatkan prosedur pembayaran dan pelaporan pajak daerah secara online melalui sistem e-sptpd setelah berhasil masuk sistem E-SPTPD kemudian melakukan pengisian data SPTPD dan melaporkan omzet serta mengunggah dokumen pendukung setelah itu mencetak slip nomor bayar untuk selanjutnya digunakan sebagai sarana pembayaran pada Bank BJB; adapun kendala pelayanan pajak daerah seperti adanya wajib pajak melakukan kesalahan penghitungan omzet dan pajak terhutangnya serta adanya sebagian wajib pajak yang tidak mengerti prosedur sistem E-SPTPD secara online yang merupakan kendala dalam pelayanan pajak daerah; maka upaya yang dilakukan dalam pelayanan pajak ialah melakukan pelaksanaan sosialisasi peraturan daerah tentang pembayaran dan pelaporan pajak daerah secara online terutama pajak hotel, dan memasang suatu alat yang dihubungkan ke alat pembayaran/transaksi di setiap usaha hotel atau yang disebut tapping box yang terkoneksi dengan Sistem aplikasi e-SPTPD sehingga dapat memonitoring pelaporan transaksi harian wajib pajak hotel dan diharapkan dapat meminimalisir wajib pajak yang melakukan planning tax atau kecurangan pelaporan omzet.
Mindfulness in Politics and Public Policy
Authors: Bristow Jamie
Published: May 2019

A key factor in the popularity of mindfulness training in public life is the conviction of grassroots advocates seeking to pass on the benefits they have experienced through personal practice. In this manner, mindfulness training has found its way into the realm of government, with parliamentary programmes seeding ambition among politicians to research and employ its transformative potential at both interpersonal and policy levels. In a high-stakes, adversarial setting, mindfulness practice helps elected representatives to cope with specific challenges, and an inquiry by the UK Mindfulness All-Party Parliamentary Group has contributed to the emergence of mindfulness training in numerous policy narratives. By developing a new kind of familiarity with their own inner lives, a growing number of politicians are finding a new way to approach political discourse, and a corresponding enthusiasm for policy that tackles society’s problems at the level of the human heart and mind. Some are starting to ask whether mindfulness might be more than a targeted intervention for specific issues, and may in fact contribute to the flourishing of society more broadly - marking an important development from concern with individual benefits to benefits for the whole.
Penelitian Kamu Pacar atau Budak pada Kalangan Mahasiswa Atma Jaya
Authors: Rahma Ashailla
Published: May 2019

Kamu Pacar atau Budak
Generative Adversarial Phonology: Modeling unsupervised allophonic learning with neural networks
Authors: Begus Gasper
Published: May 2019

Training deep neural networks on well-understood dependencies in speech data can provide new insights into how they learn internal representations. This paper argues that acquisition of speech can be modeled as a dependency between random space and generated speech data in the Generative Adversarial Network architecture and proposes a methodology to uncover the network's internal representations that correspond to phonetic and phonological properties. The Generative Adversarial architecture is uniquely appropriate for modeling phonetic and phonological learning because the network is trained on unannotated raw acoustic data and learning is unsupervised without any language-specific assumptions or pre-assumed levels of abstraction. A Generative Adversarial Network was trained on an allophonic distribution in English, in which voiceless stops surface as aspirated word-initially before stressed vowels, except if preceded by a sibilant [s]. The network successfully learns the allophonic alternation: the network's generated speech signal contains the conditional distribution of aspiration duration. The paper proposes a technique for establishing the network's internal representations that identifies latent variables that correspond to, for example, presence of [s] and its spectral properties. By manipulating these variables, we actively control the presence of [s] and its frication amplitude in the generated outputs. This suggests that the network learns to use latent variables as an approximation of phonetic and phonological representations. Crucially, we observe that the dependencies learned in training extend beyond the training interval, which allows for additional exploration of learning representations. The paper also discusses how the network's architecture and innovative outputs resemble and differ from linguistic behavior in language acquisition, speech disorders, and speech errors, and how well-understood dependencies in speech data can help us interpret how neural networks learn their representations.
Penataan Administrasi Data Siswa Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an An-Nida Menggunakan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
Authors: Pandunata Priza , Juwita Oktalia , Prakoso Aryo
Published: May 2019

Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) An-Nida berada di wilayah Desa Dukuhdempok, Kecamatan Wuluhan, Kabupaten Jember. Alamat tepatnya berada di Jl. Moch. Serueji No. 18 B, Wuluhan. Lokasi TPA An-Nida berada sejauh 32 km dari Universitas Jember. Di era digital saat ini, manajemen dan layanan TPA An-Nida masih konvensional. Di antaranya adalah pencatatan data santri, presensi, dan prestasi santri yang masih dikelola secara manual. Hal ini menyulitkan saat pencarian data santri. Terjadinya duplikasi data santri juga memungkinkan. Selain itu, TPA An-Nida masih belum memiliki sarana dan prasarana teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Padahal, TIK ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan layanan dan manajemen TPA serta dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pembelajaran berbasis TIK bagi santri. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, pada Progran Pengabdian Pemula (PPP) ini, dilakukan pembuatan aplikasi database untuk menampung data administrasi santri, data presensi dan prestasi santri, dokumentasi kegiatan TPA, serta data pengajar TPA. Pengadaan alat TIK berupa PC tablet untuk meningkatkan layanan dan manajemen TPA serta digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi santri. Pelatihan pemakaian aplikasi database santri serta aplikasi media belajar santri berbasis TIK. Hasil dari kegiatan PPP ini adalah (1) Meningkatkan layanan pengelolaan TPA An-Nida dengan adanya aplikasi database santri yang terpusat untuk penyimpanan data santri, data keluar/masuk santri, prestasi santri, serta pengajar TPA, (2) Mendigitalkan dokumentasi kegiatan TPA yang tersusun rapi berupa portofolio TPA An-Nida. (3) Mengelola TPA dan pembelajaran menggunakan TIK, (4) Menulis artikel ilmiah dalam jurnal nasional, serta (5) Mendokumentasikan kegiatan PPP dalam bentuk video.
PKM Strategi Membangun Bisnis Yang Kuat Melalui Pendampingan Pada Komunitas Kebon Pala Berseri Kecamatan Makasar Jakarta Timur
Authors: Setyaningsih Eka Dyah , Zuniarti Ida , Misriati Titik
Published: May 2019

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah yang terdapat di Komunitas Usaha Kebon Pala Berseri masih belum maksimal dalam mengembangkan usaha di bidang makanan olahan, obat herbal, dan kerajinan tangan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya pelatihan tentang kewirausahaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan soft skill dari peserta pengabdian masyarakat agar memiliki mental yang kuat dalam menjalankan usaha. Selain pelatihan, dilakukan juga pendampingan terhadap mitra agar mampu menjalankan usaha dan membangun bisnis yang kuat untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dari usaha yang dijalankan. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pendampingan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemahaman mitra meningkat sebanyak 77%.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PESNORKEL UNTUK PENGELOLAAN WISATA SNORKELING PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG (Studi Kasus di Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu)
Authors: Rosalina Anastasia Dian , Yonvitner Yonvitner , Imran Zulhamsyah
Published: May 2019

Mengelola kepuasan pesnorkel  dalam melakukan aktivitas snorkeling merupakan salah satu upaya menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kepuasan pesnorkel saat bersnorkeling pada ekosistem terumbu karang di TNLKpS serta mengidentifikasi atribut yang perlu ditingkatan untuk pengelolaan wisata snorkeling di pada ekosistem terumbu karang di TNLKpS. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi dan survey  dengan distribusi kuisoner pada pesnorkel. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung  tingkat kepuasan pesnorkel menggunakan importance-satisfaction analysis (ISA) dan indeks kepukasan pengunjung (IKP). Indeks Kepuasan menunjukan bahwa wisata snorkeling 66,82% memuaskan pesnorkel.  Artinya pesnorkel merasa sangat puas dengan pengalaman snorkeling di TNLKpS. Dari 18 atribut yang dianalis menggunakan  ISA diperoleh perbaikan yang harus dilakukan pada pengelolaan wisata snorkeling yaitu pada atribut perahu aman dan nyaman, peralatan cukup. Pengelola  perlu  untuk mengontrol kepuasan pesnorkel dalam melakukan aktivitas  memberi makan ikan dan foto bawah air, menjaga kepadatan wisatawan dalam melakukan snorkeling dan menjaga kualitas ekosistem terumbu karang.
MANAJEMEN ISTANO BASA PAGARUYUNG
Authors: Pasaribu Fani Ratny
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTManagement of the Istano Basa Pagaruyung management in Batusangkar is very important to consider in its implementation, because it must be approved that Istano's administrative management is not carried out properly so that it will be a big problem for the City of Batusangkar. The question in this study is to find out the Istano Basa Pagaruyung management. Problems can be seen from the challenges that occur. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with basic research in the form of case studies. Data collection techniques were carried out in the form of library studies and in-depth interviews. Based on research obtained from the management of Istano Basa Pagaruyung in Batusangkar, it has not run optimally. Because difficulties are still found in management, only a portion of it is of concern to the Regional Government regarding Istano's needs regarding the number of employees and the budget. The importance that occurs in the Istano environment. The government should pay special attention to the development of tourism objects. Taking Istano Pagaruyung is a high cultural value building, and asking the Government to ignore it will have a negative impact on the City of Batusangkar.Keywords: Management, Istano Basa Pagaruyung, Tourism Object
The Study of Household Food Security Levels in Palangka Raya City
Authors: Wardie Jhon , Masliani Masliani , Sintha Tri Yuliana Eka
Published: May 2019

This study aims to examine the level of household security in Palangka Raya City. This study was carried out in the area of Palangka Raya City which covers five subdistricts.  Those include Menteng, Pahandut, Kereng Bangkirai, Tumbang Tahai, and Petuk Bukit. In each sub-districts (kelurahan), 10 household respondents were determined as samples, so the total samples were 50 household respondents. The research data collected were from primary and secondary data. The results of the study revealed that the level of household food security in Palangka Raya City was categorized as food resistance. This category was obtained by using the portion of total food expenditure which did not exceed 60% (52.43%, categorized as low), and was sufficient energy consumption exceeding 80% of the national recommendation (97.22%, categorized as sufficient).  JEL Classification: D19, Q18, R20
Evolution of views on the structure of sources of strong earthquakes
at the end of XX and beginning of XXI centuries
Authors: Rogozhin E. A.
Published: May 2019

The paper addresses the evolution of scientific views on the structure of the sources of strong earthquakes at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21th century in Russia. The scientific concepts that emerged in the main developed countries initially typically lacked a clear and consistent understanding of the structure of sources of the strongest seismic events. In the 1950s, at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the USSR Academy of Sciences, G.A. Gamburtsev formulated a hypothesis of a long-term (a few hundred years) stability of seismic regime of a system of seismic sutures. The recently studied earthquakes have their sources in the regions of the large faults. The earthquakes of larger magnitudes have more extended and structurally more complex sources. Some sources in the considered cases are relatively simple to reconstruct (they encompass the fault planes of the large faults, e.g., the Spitak source, M = 6.8). Other sources are more complex; they are formed in the disjunctive nodes or encompass the crustal blocks. For example, the seismic source of the Altai earthquake (M = 7.3) has a volumetric structure and is developed along the boundaries of the large seismogenic blocks. The Wenchuan earthquake (M = 7.9) has a most complicated source which looks as a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of a few crustal blocks framed by two extended northeast striking faults and separated by the northwesterly trending transverse fault. The structurally different sources differently manifest themselves in the pattern of seismic dislocations on the surface and in the distribution of aftershock hypocenters at depth. The anomalously low velocity “pockets” identified by local seismic tomography in the source areas of the Spitak and Altai earthquakes which accompany the main and secondary faults at depth are likely to be the zones of dynamic control of these faults. The breaked near-fault zones abundant with cracks and fractures are the severely looze inclusions in the crustal rocks hampering the propagation of seismic waves. Therefore, the P-waves in these pockets propagate at lower velocities than in the undamaged geological medium. The paleoseismological studies of seismic faults in trenches have shown that the strong earthquakes have occurred in the same sources in the past and the recurrence period of the strongest seismic events ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand years. Thus, the combined studies of the source zones of the strongest earthquakes conducted in the past decades in the different regions of Eurasia have shown that Gamburtsev’s hypothesis has remained relevant.
Problems of global geodynamics
Authors: Trubitsyn V. P.
Published: May 2019

Global geodynamics is determined by thermal convection in the mantle which manifests itself on the surface by movements, relief, heat flow, and volcanism. Thermal convection in the Earth is complicated by the fact that the lithosphere is broken into rigid plates, the crust is broken into six separate floating continents and a number of islands, on the mantle bottom there are two giant piles of heavy material, at high convection intensity the ascending convective flows acquire a plume shape, and phase transformations take place in the mantle. The impacts of many factors on the mantle structure have been thoroughly studied and fairly well understood. It is pertinent to reconcile the new data on phase transformations at depths of 650 to 700 km with the seismic data on the positions of these boundaries. The ultimate problem of global geodynamics has not yet been solved; the three-dimensional structure of the whole-mantle flows, consistent with the observations in geophysics, geochemistry, geology, and numerical modeling, is not known even on a semischematic level.
Analysis of the hypothesis of a giant gaussian process as a means for describing secular variations of the geomagnetic field vector
Authors: Scherbakov V. P. , Khokhlov A. V. , Sycheva N. K.
Published: May 2019

The consistency of the empirical data on paleointensity and paleoinclinations contained in the BOROKPINT paleointensity world database with the Geocentric Axial Dipole (GAD) hypothesis and Giant Gaussian Process (GGP) model describing the geomagnetic field variations in the Brunhes epoch is tested. The calculations are based on the geomagnetic field potential representation by the sum of spherical functions of spatial coordinates with random coefficients, enabling computer simulation of the data with the given statistical characteristics of the coefficients. The estimates show that the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling tests reject the GAD hypothesis in its canonical form. The extension of GAD to GGD with nonzero time-average quadrupole and octupole terms makes the paleointensity and paleoinclination data to comply with GGP model realizations; however, these models are mutually exclusive because of mutual inconsistency of their parameters. Testing the paleoinclination data against GDP model shows that a small correction to the purely dipole component of the geomagnetic field should be introduced. At the same time, the paleointensity data analysis suggests that these data highly probably agree with GGP models with a high quadrupole contribution making up 1/3 of the dipole coefficient, which is strongly at odds with the parameters of the model corresponding to paleoinclination data. This inconsistency is most likely to be due to the artifacts associated with incorrect paleointensity determinations; however, this interpretation does not explain the causes of the strong latitudinal dependence of the intensity of the Virtual Axial Dipole Moment (VADM) which follows from the empirical data.
Problems of interaction of geospheres and physical fields in near-surface geophysics
Authors: Adushkin V. V. , Spivak A. A.
Published: May 2019

The main directions and problems addressed by near-surface geophysics – the new currently actively developing scientific discipline – are formulated and discussed. A combined approach is proposed for exploring the geospheres’ interactions at the Earth’s crust – atmosphere boundary where mass- and energy exchange between the internal and external geospheres is most intense and for studying the interactions and transformations of the geophysical fields in the surface zone of the Earth including its biosphere. New results obtained in the studies of inter-geosphere interactions and physical fields of the Earth are presented. It is emphasized that establishing the geophysical conditions of human environment and characteristics of manmade activity is of great importance.
Geoinformatics and systems analysis in geophysics and geodynamics
Authors: Kaftan V. I. , Krasnoperov R. I. , Tatarinov V. N. , Vavilin E. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper is devoted to the application of geoinformatics and systems analysis methods for processing and interpretation of geospatial data in geophysics and geodynamics. The modern uses of observations with Global Navigational Satellite Systems as a main source of geospatial data are discussed. The advances in the interpretation of geomagnetic data are described and basic points of systems analysis are presented in this context. The systems analysis in geophysics and geodynamics is illustrated by the approaches to estimating and forecasting the stability of structural-tectonic blocks of the Earth’s crust aimed at geoecologically safe burial of high-level radioactive waste in the Nizhne-Kanskii granitoids massif (Krasnoyarsk krai).
Recent geodynamics: from crustal movements to monitoring the critical objects
Authors: Kuzmin Yu. O.
Published: May 2019

The evolution of the views on the subject and methods of recent geodynamics over the past fifty years is outlined. Metrological provision of the results obtained by repeated observations by means of ground-based and satellite geodesy is discussed. The substantial dependence of the main characteristics of recent geodynamical processes on the degree of spatiotemporal detail of the observational systems is demonstrated.

A possible solution of the paradoxes of large and small strain rates which were detected in the studies at geodynamical sites in seismically active and aseismic regions is proposed. To explain the anomalous deformational activity on the platform faults, the mechanism of parametric excitation is suggested. According to this mechanism, the time fluctuations in the internal parameters of a fault zone (stiffness, pore pressure, friction coefficient) create local strain anomalies under quasi static external loading.

The results of strain monitoring are demonstrated by the example of a shelf oil field. It is substantiated that the geodynamical testing sites are a universal instrument for exploring recent deformational processes which offers a unified framework for establishing the spatiotemporal structure of different-scale geodynamical phenomena addressed in the fundamental and applied studies.
An overview of wellbore methods of investigating stress state of the upper layers of the earth’s crust
Authors: Dubinya N. V.
Published: May 2019

The wellbore methods for studying the stress-strain state of the upper layers of the Earth’s crust are overviewed. Some main methods for stress estimating from wellbore data are presented alongside with the analysis of their applicability and uncertainty appearing after their application. The reconstruction of stress profiles along the well trajectory based on the data on wellbore breakouts, drilling-induced tensile fractures, elastic wave propagation in the well surrounding the rock masses, and regularities in the spatial orientation and distribution of natural fractures is discussed. The estimation of stress state parameters based on minifracs and leakoff tests as well as on strain recovery techniques from the oriented core samples from wells is described.
Radial anisotropy in the European upper mantle from surface waves
Authors: Yanovskaya T. B. , Lyskova E. L. , Koroleva T. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The group velocity dispersion curves of the Rayleigh and Love waves are constructed along the paths intersecting the European continent in the interval of periods from 10 to 100 s from the records of earthquakes and seismic noise. The radial anisotropy of the European upper mantle is estimated from these data. Primarily, along each path, the average velocity sections of the SV- and SH-waves were calculated from the Rayleigh and Love wave data, respectively. Based on these sections, the average anisotropy coefficient was determined for each path in four depth intervals (the crust + three 30-km upper mantle layers). These results were used for identifying variations in lateral anisotropy in the studied region based on tomographic inversion. This approach eliminates different degree of smoothness of lateral variations of the SV- and SH-waves when these variations are determined separately from the Rayleigh and Love waves: in this case, the anisotropy coefficient can have large errors due to the different sets of the paths. The resolution of the data used for tomography was estimated by a “checkerboard test,” which demonstrated the possibility to resolve structural features with a linear size of 1200 to 1300 km in the central part of the studied area, i.e., approximately 15°–50° in longitude and 40°–65° in latitude. The tomographic inversion of lateral variations in the anisotropy coefficient shows that in the continental part of the studied region, the anisotropy coefficient at all depths in the upper mantle is zero within the error limits, whereas in the region of the Black and Baltic seas, it is positive and equal to 4–4.5% in the subcrustal mantle at the depths of 34 to 64 km. In the underlying layer in the Baltic Sea region, this coefficient is close to zero, whereas beneath the Black Sea Basin it remains positive albeit decreases to 2–3%. In the lowermost layer, anisotropy is not observed anywhere in the entire region; however, this can be due to the lack of the data for the large periods. Positive anisotropy (VSH > VSV) is typical of the oceanic areas, which can testify in favor of the oceanic hypothesis of the origin of the Black Sea basin.
Rapid growth of shear strain in weakened zones of the lithosphere
Authors: Birger B. I.
Published: May 2019

A weakened zone in the lithosphere plunging into the mantle can lead to an earthquake after the application of a shear stress only in the case if the effective viscosity of this zone is very low. At low viscosity, in the short time that elapses after the application of stress, significant displacements of the walls of the zone emerge causing high-amplitude seismic waves. The Andrade law describing the transient creep under constant stress applied at the initial time instant leads to very low effective viscosity a few first seconds after the initial time instant. The effective viscosity also decreases due to the temperature rise in the weakened zone caused by the dissipative release of heat. However, this process is not rapid enough to noticeably change the temperature and effective viscosity in a short time.
Standard enthalpy of formation kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Stolyarova T. A. , Osadchii E. G. , Baranov A. V.
Published: May 2019

The standard enthalpy of kesterite formation (Cu2ZnSnS4) is calculated from the calorimetric determinations of the enthalpy of its formation from simple sulphides: 2CuS + ZnS + SnS → Cu2ZnSnS4 using literature data on the standard enthalpies of the formation of simple sulphides. As a result, the standard enthalpy of kesterite formation was determined: ΔfHo298.15 (Cu2ZnSnS4) = -(467.62±2.28) kJ mol-1.
Modification of Laptev sea freshened shelf waters based on isotope and salinity relations
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Miroshnikov A. Yu. , Kossova S. A. , Shсhuka S. A.
Published: May 2019

This paper is dedicated to the estimation of the river runoff contribution to the Arctic shelf waters, where freezing and melting of desalinated waters are intensively proceeding. A mixing-modification model is offered. The model takes into account the sea ice formation from desalinated waters on the shelf. The model was used to explain the data obtained from 63 and 69 cruises of the research vessel “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” (2015 and 2017). Two sources of water masses — the Atlantic waters and the Lena river were established for the studied area of Laptev Sea. The waters in this zone are modified, i.e. they have a higher salinity than the one that corresponds to the two components mixing. The presence of modified waters generated at the Laptev Sea shelf is traced in the continental slope zone. Desalination in the continental slope zone reaches 15–27% and affects depths no more than 20 m, at more than 50 m depths it is practically disappeared. A mixing-modification model was proposed to calculate river water input in the modified waters. The data obtained for the Laptev Sea shelf were used to calculate the fraction of river waters according to both the proposed model and the conventional three-component mixing model of Ostlund and Hut, 1984. A comparison of the estimates obtained by both models has shown that the application of the three-component mixing model to modified waters leads to an overestimation of the river water contribution, which can reach 20%.

Each sample of shelf waters can be processed using either a mixture-modification model or a three-component mixing model. To choose the appropriate model the special criterion is proposed. Using this criterion, the calculations of river water and melted ice contribution will be free from the unrealistic or negative values.
Hg- and Cd-bearing Pd, Pt, Au, AND Ag minerals in sulfide-bearing mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Yoko-Dovyren intrusion in the baikalides of the Northern Baikal area
Authors: Spiridonov E. M. , Orsoev D. A. , Ariskin A. A. , Nikolaev G. S. , Kislov E. V. , Korotaeva N. N. , Yapaskurt V. O.
Published: May 2019

Hg and Cd are rare chemical elements found in magmatic PGE and Au mineralization and typical of this mineralization in the Late Riphean Yoko-Dovyren plagioperidotite–troctolite–gabbronorite intrusion hosted in the Baikalides of the Baikal area. The paper discusses variations in the composition, associations, and distribution traits of the Hg- and Cd-bearing Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag minerals. Many of the precious-metal minerals are Pt, Pd, and Au chalcogenides and intermetallic compounds of postmagmatic genesis and occur as single crystals and stringers in sulfides and silicate matrix and at their contacts. The minerals were formed with the participation of fluids from the crystallizing Cu–Fe–Ni sulfide melts. They are constrained to the central part of the intrusion and found in sulfide-bearing plagiolherzolite (PL) in the lower part of the intrusion, in sulfide-bearing pegmatoid troctolite (T) in the bottom portion of the troctolite unit, and in sulfide-bearing pegmatoid anorthosite (A) in the top part of the troctolite unit. From PL to T and further to A, the content and diversity of the Hg-bearing minerals remarkably increase, with Hg distributed in these minerals very unevenly, and with Cd-bearing minerals identified only in A. The leading Hg concentrators in T and A are pneumatolytic (fluid–metasomatic) moncheite and, particularly, later telargpalite (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Pd,Hg), which contains up to 11 wt % Hg. The latter mineral is sometimes found in association with Hg-electrum, kustelite, and potarite. Potarite in T is Pb-rich, and this mineral in A is Pb-free. Appreciable Hg concentrations in precious-metal minerals in the Yoko-Dovyren intrusion suggest that these minerals crystallized in a closed system at high temperatures. Potarite content in A is much higher, and Hg concentration in telargpalite in A is notably lower (2.9 wt % Hg on average) than in this mineral in T (5.9 wt % Hg on average). The potarite might have been produced by epigenetic serpentinization processes (low-grade metamorphism) at the expense of the material of pneumatolytic Hg-bearing telatgpalite, kotulskite, and zvyagentsivite. This corresponds to specifics in Hg distribution in the telatgpalite, kotulskite, and zvyagentsivite in T and A and much higher intensity of metamorphism.
Long-lasting influence of the Discovery plume on tholeiitic magmatism in the South Atlantic: data on basalts recovered by hole 513a, dsdp leg 71
Authors: Sushchevskaya N. M. , Shishkina T. A. , Portnyagin M. V. , Batanova V. G. , Belyatsky B. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the very first data on concentrations of major and trace elements; Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic ratios of rocks; and the composition of olivine phenocrysts of 38-Ma basalts recovered by Hole 513a (DSDP Leg 71) in the South Atlantic. The bulk-rock samples and the chilled glasses are mildly magnesian (7–8 wt % MgO) and bear elevated FeO and low Na2O concentrations, as is typical of MORB of the TOR-1 type. Olivine phenocrysts (Fo84.5–88) in these rocks contain concentrations of trace elements (Ni, Mn, Cr, and Zn) that are typical of classic MORB, which are produced by partial melting mantle peridotite. The rocks are strongly depleted in incompatible elements [(La/Sm)n ~ 0.6] but have elevated Ba/Nb, K/Nb, and Pb/Ce ratios and Cu, Ag, and Au concentrations that are 1.5–4 times higher than in typical depleted MORB (N-MORB) and in most rift basalts in the South Atlantic. Isotope compositions of the basalts (average ratios 206Pb/204Pb ~ 18.0; 207Pb/204Pb ~ 15.6, 208Pb/204Pb ~ 38.0, 143Nd/144 Nd ~ 0.5130, and 87Sr/86Sr ~ 0.7040) are close to those in modern tholeiites from the southern MAR segment (SMAR) north of the Agulhas Fracture Zone. The data indicate that the magmas were derived from a strongly depleted mantle source that contained a minor (~3%) admixture of an enriched component, which is discernible in the magmas of the Discovery hotspot. The composition of the source, which is more depleted than DM, and the high degrees of melting of this source explain why the basalts from DSDP Hole 513a are enriched in chalcophile elements. It is believed that spreading magmatism at 45°–48° S in SMAR as far back as 40 Ma was already affected by the Discovery hotspot. This hotspot might be related to the Tristan plume system, and its origin and long-lasting influence on spreading magmatism in the South Atlantic are regarded as evidence of the extensive effect of the Tristan plume.
Origin of Skarns at Migmatization on Ol’khon Island, Lake Baikal, Russia
Authors: Kushch L. L. , Makrygina V. A. , Suvorova L. F. , Oshchepkova A. V.
Published: May 2019

Migmatites on the western shore of Ol’khon Island host unusual rocks: zoned lenses of hedenbergite–garnet–epidote–anorthite metasomatites coupled with the migmatites. No intrusive granites were found nearby. The skarn-forming process operated at the interface of the granite gneiss and skarn protolith (perhaps, carbonate rocks). The composition of the metasomatites is analogous to that of calcic skarns with high Al2O3, FeO, and CaO concentrations. The compositions and relations of the minerals provide evidence of the successive development of the hedenbergite–anorthite outer zone, dominantly anorthite–garnet main zone, and quartz-enriched inner zone, with all of the zones parallel to contact with the granite gneiss. The granite gneiss itself is also likely of metasomatic nature, as follows from its supraeutectic concentration of potassic feldspar in the leucosome and low crystallization temperatures. A minimum of the Gibbs free energy (calculated with the SELECTOR-C program package) was reached at 8 kbar and temperatures of 600– 625°C. These parameters are lower than the melting temperature of the granite eutectic, and the absence of melt is confirmed by the absence of melt inclusions in minerals of the granite gneisses. This indicate that the driving force of the process was migmatizing silicic–potassic solutions. The P–T parameters of the skarns are close to the foregoing values. The very high Sr and Ca and low Mg concentrations suggest that the protolith of the skarns was calcite marble. The enrichment of the skarns in the granitophile elements suggests that the skarns were produced simultaneously with and in genetic relation to the migmatization processes. The metasomatites were formed before the partial melts were derived, early in the course of the granite-forming processes and provide important information for better understanding the metasomatic process responsible for the exchange of chemical elements between the rocks.
Nanoparticles and nanofluids in “water–rock” interactions
Authors: Alekseyev V. A.
Published: May 2019

A brief review of published papers was done in nanogeochemistry, a new field of geochemistry in which particles and fluids of small size (<100 nm) were investigated. They are different in properties from their larger analogs because of the greater contributions of their surface energy. Conditions, forms, and mechanisms of their formation and evolution were considered. Examples of size dependencies of nanoparticle and nanofluid properties (solubility and stability, melting temperature, inner pressure, surface charge and sorption, rates of evaporation, chemical reactions, and transport) were shown. Different influence of convex and concave surface on properties was noted. Widespread distribution of nanoparticles and nanofluids in nature provides their influence on various geochemical processes. Nanoparticles sorbs heavy metals and are the main form of their transport in natural waters. Nanofluids (nanopors) control the processes of diagenesis, metasomatic substitution and weathering, gas migration in shales. Even with a small content, nanoparticles can change behavior of macro systems dramatically. The main development directions of nanogeochemistry were summarized.
Isotopic (δ34s, δ13c, δ18o) properties of the disseminated mineralization of plutonic rocks in the Dukat ore field (Northeast of Russia)
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Filimonova L. G. , Kossova S. A.
Published: May 2019

The variations in the δ34S, δ13C, and δ18O values of the disseminated sulfides and carbonate phase, which occurred in trace amounts in the plutonic rocks controlling the position of the unique Dukat Au-Ag field (Northeast of Russia), were examined. These properties were compared with similar isotopic parameters of the ore associations in the field. The δ34S values of sulfides and jarosite obtained from plutonic rocks were in a relatively narrow range (from -3.4 to +3.6‰) when compared with the range of variation of the δ34S values of sulfides obtained from the ore bodies (from 4.5 to +2.0 ‰). Pyrite sulfur obtained from the early mineralization of K-Na-leucogranite and pyrite obtained from the ore bodies were observed to have the same source. Pyrite formed during the later magmatic stages is characterized by a small amount of lighting based on the sulfur isotopic signature. The carbonate phases of the plutonic ore in the Dukat ore field are characterized by the δ13С values (from 12.8 to 8.8‰). The carbonates are split into groups according to the oxygen isotopic signature: carbonate balanced with the rock silicate matrix at high temperatures and carbonate with abnormally low δ18О values (from -0.8 to +0.9 ‰). The obtained data can be described using the model that assumes that the formation of the isotopic parameters of sulfide sulfur and carbonate carbon occurs during the process of sulfate recovery using organic carbon oxidation (TSR). Further, the calculations revealed that the observed δ34S and δ13С values in the rocks and ore associations in the Dukat field can be obtained during the abiogenic recovery of marine sulfate in a temperature range of 300 °C–450 °C. The comparison of the isotopic parameters of the rock carbonate with those of the ore association carbonate demonstrated that the surrounding/base rocks and fluid that separated during the cooling of the K-Na-leucogranite intrusion bodies, which resulted in a loss of approximately 80% CO2, could serve as the source of the carbonates of the ore bodies.
South Urals and Rudny Altai: a comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis
Authors: Seravkin I. B. , Kosarev A. M.
Published: May 2019

A comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis of two massive-sulphide-bearing regions, the Southern Urals and Ore Altai, located in different parts of the Ural-Mongolian folded belt, was performed. Comparison of the geodynamic evolution of these areas, the formation and facies composition of the ore-bearing strata and types of massive-sulphide deposits has led to the conclusion that the regions are similar only in the most general terms. Fundamental differences in the structure and composition of the crust of the regions led to differences in the profile of island-arc magmatism: basaltoid in the Southern Urals and rhyolitoid in Ore Altai. This, in its turn, determined the predominant composition of massive-sulphide mineralization: copper-zinc in the first of the regions and polymetallic — in the second. Opposite tendencies in the evolution of volcanism are also characteristic: homodromic in the Southern Urals and antidromic in the Ore Altai, which resulted in a different position of the types of massive-sulphide deposits in the ore districts: the bottom-up change of copper — massive-sulphide deposits by the massive-sulphide -polymetallic in the Southern Urals and barite polymetallic by massive-sulphide polymetallic and copper- massive-sulphide in the Ore Altai. Significant differences are also in the lateral distribution patterns of mineralization: a more pronounced control of mineralization by paleovolcanic structures of the central type in the Southern Urals and the frequent position of mineralization in intermediate and remote facies of volcanism in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic sections in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and the larger majority of the volcanic rocks in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic rocks in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and in the Ore Altai most of the volcanic minerals and the larger majority of the mineral rocks (20–80%) in the strata containing mineralization in the Ore Altai.
Comparative geodynamics of Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Mariana island-arc systems
Authors: Chekhovich V. D. , Sukhov A. N. , Kononov M. V. , Sheremet O. G.
Published: May 2019

Fulfilled comparative analysis of the Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems structure and geodynamic development. Izu-Bonin-Maian island-arc systems situated along сontinental margin of Eurasia in the West of Pacific Ocean. The Aleutian island-arc system is situated between the North American and Eurasian continents. Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems appeared to be of the same age. Both island-arc systems form autonomous Philippine and Beringia small lithospheric plates. Izu-Bonin-Marianas island-arc system formed on exclusively geodynamic interaction of oceanic plate and back-arc basins, with the main role of the Pacific subduction. Aleutian system at the initial stage was formed as a result from separation of the part of Pacific Cretaceous crust by Aleutian subduction zone.

The subsequent process of Aleutian system development was caused by geodynamics of movement of North American and Eurasian lithospheric plates. Pacific plate constant oblique subduction led to expansion of Aleutian island-arc system in the Western direction.
Thermobaric depth settings of sedimentary rock basins and their fluid dynamics: Communication 3. Superhigh pressures in the stratisphere and salt diapirs
Authors: Kholodov V. N.
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the patterns of location and the conditions for the formation of salt diapirs. Their formation is associated with thick salt cjmpleses in which phase transformations within closed physicochemical systems form ultrahigh pressures. The latter are the cause of the flow of salts and their penetration through tectonic cracks and fractures to the earth's surface. The similarity of the formation of salt diapirs and mud volcanoes is emphasized. The possibility of the influence of ultrahigh pressures on the autonomous folding of the sedimentary cover is assumed.
Мetasomatic rocks after shungite-bearing rocks of the Maksovo Deposit, Onega Structure, Karelia
Authors: Kuleshevich L. V. , Filippov М. М. , Goltsin N. А. , Krymsky R. Sh. , Lokhov K. I.
Published: May 2019

The Maksovo metasapropelite deposit, which contains shungite matter and is called maksovite, is located in the eastern Onega structure. The deposit is a diapiric fold which formed ca. 2070±10 Ma ago. It is underlain by carbonate rocks and overlain by tuff siltstones and is cross-cut by 1956±5 Ma gabbro-dolerites. Unaltered maksovites are pelitomorphic rocks with a massive to mildly layered texture and moderate concentrations of all petrogenic components and Сorg of about 30%. Fe-Mg rich and alkaline metasomatic rocks evolve after maksovites and mafic and carbonate tuff siltstones in the northwestern part of the deposit within a multiple ridge-like fold after brecciation zones. They differ from unaltered sedimentary rocks in heterogeneous (brecciated, streaky) textures, mineral and chemical composition and are saturated with numerous sulphide, carbonate, quartz and albite veinlets. They are identified by intense biotitization, chloritization and the presence of calcite, microcline metacrystals, albite-carbonate metacrystals with apatite and carbonate-quartz metacrystals with sulphides and rutile, veinlets and disseminated mineralization. Na concentration rises to 5.67% and K concentration to 7.57%. P and Ti concentrations, accompanying alkaline metasomatism, as well as Mg-Fe and ore-bearing components (often incompatible), increase locally. Metasomatic rocks evolve heterogeneously and are represented by breccia zones. Their slightly elevated radioactivity disturbs the qualitative characteristics of primary maksovite as a useful mineral. Maksovites were dated at 1558±61 Ma by the Re-Os method from sulphides.