bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Development and Progression of Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Importance of Blood Pressure Parameters
Authors: Cardoso Claudia R. L. , Leite Nathalie C. , Dib Eduardo , Salles Gil F.
Published: July 2017

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic microvascular complication associated a worse prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of development/progression of DR in a cohort of 544 high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes who had annual ophthalmologic examinations over a median follow-up of 6 years. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and aortic stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were performed. Multivariate Cox survival analysis examined the independent predictors of development or progression of DR. During follow-up, 156 patients either newly-developed or worsened DR. Patients who developed/progressed DR had longer diabetes duration, higher ambulatory and clinic BP levels, higher aortic stiffness, and poorer glycemic control than patients who did not developed/progressed DR. After adjustments for baseline retinopathy prevalence, age and sex, a longer diabetes duration (p < 0.001), higher baseline ambulatory BPs (p = 0.013, for 24-hour diastolic BP), and higher mean cumulative exposure of HbA1c (p < 0.001), clinic diastolic BP (p < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.05) during follow-up were the independent predictors of development/progression of DR. BP parameters were only predictors of DR development. In conclusion, a longer diabetes duration, poorer glycemic and lipid control, and higher BPs were the main predictors of development/progression of DR. Mean cumulative clinic diastolic BP was the strongest BP-related predictor.
Spectral Tuning Mechanism of Primate Blue-sensitive Visual Pigment Elucidated by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Katayama Kota , Nonaka Yuki , Tsutsui Kei , Imai Hiroo , Kandori Hideki
Published: July 2017

Protein-bound water molecules are essential for the structure and function of many membrane proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Our prior work focused on studying the primate green- (MG) and red- (MR) sensitive visual pigments using low-temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which revealed protein-bound waters in both visual pigments. Although the internal waters are located in the vicinity of both the retinal Schiff base and retinal β-ionone ring, only the latter showed differences between MG and MR, which suggests their role in color tuning. Here, we report FTIR spectra of primate blue-sensitive pigment (MB) in the entire mid-IR region, which reveal the presence of internal waters that possess unique water vibrational signals that are reminiscent of a water cluster. These vibrational signals of the waters are influenced by mutations at position Glu113 and Trp265 in Rh, which suggest that these waters are situated between these two residues. Because Tyr265 is the key residue for achieving the spectral blue-shift in λmax of MB, we propose that these waters are responsible for the increase in polarity toward the retinal Schiff base, which leads to the localization of the positive charge in the Schiff base and consequently causes the blue-shift of λmax.
The chloride/phosphate ratio combined with alkaline phosphatase as a valuable predictive marker for primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese individuals
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Li Xu , Chen Haibing , Yu Haoyong , Li Lianxi , Yin Jun , Zhou Jian , Li Ming , Li Qing , Han Junfeng , Wei Li , Liu Fang , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping
Published: July 2017

The chloride/phosphate ratio (Cl/PO4) has been suggested to have a role in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but the associations between Cl/PO4 combined with ALP level and PHPT has not been well-studied. Our aim was to investigate the predictive value of combination Cl/PO4 with ALP for PHPT. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted to examine 172 patients diagnosed with PHPT categorized into two groups: normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) group and hypercalcaemia PHPT group. We found that Cl/PO4 levels and ALP levels in the NPHPT and hypercalcaemia PHPT group were both significantly higher than normal controls. Cl/PO4 and ALP levels were an independent risk factor for PHPT. Cl/PO4 combined with ALP increased the receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUC) and the diagnostic value in NPHPT and hypercalcaemia PHPT group (0.913; 95% CI, 0.744–1.000 and 0.932; 95% CI, 0.897–0.966, respectively), specificity of 92.8% and sensitivity of 98%. In conclusion, combination Cl/PO4 with ALP might be a low-cost, simple, available predictive marker of PHPT in Chinese individuals, particularly Chinese remote region where the method used to measure PTH cannot be done. Moreover, due to serum calcium level in NPHPT, Cl/PO4 combined with ALP level measurement have great potential to predict significant occurrence of NPHPT.
Potential risk of re-emergence of urban transmission of Yellow Fever virus in Brazil facilitated by competent Aedes populations
Authors: Couto-Lima Dinair , Madec Yoann , Bersot Maria Ignez , Campos Stephanie Silva , Motta Monique de Albuquerque , Santos Flávia Barreto dos , Vazeille Marie , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo , Failloux Anna-Bella
Published: July 2017

Yellow fever virus (YFV) causing a deadly viral disease is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. In Brazil, YFV is restricted to a forest cycle maintained between non-human primates and forest-canopy mosquitoes, where humans can be tangentially infected. Since late 2016, a growing number of human cases have been reported in Southeastern Brazil at the gates of the most populated areas of South America, the Atlantic coast, with Rio de Janeiro state hosting nearly 16 million people. We showed that the anthropophilic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as well as the YFV-enzootic mosquitoes Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Sabethes albiprivus from the YFV-free region of the Atlantic coast were highly susceptible to American and African YFV strains. Therefore, the risk of reemergence of urban YFV epidemics in South America is major with a virus introduced either from a forest cycle or by a traveler returning from the YFV-endemic region of Africa.
Partial Melting of Subducted Sediments Produced Early Mesozoic Calc-alkaline Lamprophyres from Northern Guangxi Province, South China
Authors: Su Hui-Min , Jiang Shao-Yong , Zhang Dong-Yang , Wu Xiang-Ke
Published: July 2017

There is growing agreement that subducted sediments recycled into the deep mantle could make a significant contribution to the generation of various mantle-derived rocks. However, solid evidence and examples to support this view are few, and whether or not the subducted sediments can act as the dominating material source for the magma is unclear. Here, we report a comprehensive geochemical study that demonstrates that the newly identified Early Mesozoic calc-alkaline lamprophyres in the northern Guangxi Province, southeastern Yangtze Block in South China were likely derived in large part from the partial melting of the subducted terrigenous sediments in the deep mantle. The investigated lamprophyres are SiO2-rich minettes, characterized by moderate TFeO and MgO and high Mg# (>70). The multi-element pattern shows a typical crustal-like signature, such as enrichments in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) with troughs in Nb-Ta, Ti and Eu and peaks in Th-U and Pb. These rocks also show sediment-like ratios of Nb/U, Nb/Th and Ce/Pb, together with extremely radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr (0.71499–0.71919), unradiogenic 143Nd/144Nd (0.51188–0.51195) and radiogenic 207Pb/204Pb (15.701–15.718) isotopic compositions.
Impacts of increasing typhoons on the structure and function of a subtropical forest: reflections of a changing climate
Authors: Lin Kuo-Chuan , Hamburg Steven P. , Wang Lixin , Duh Chin-Tzer , Huang Chu-Mei , Chang Chung-Te , Lin Teng-Chiu
Published: July 2017

Due to their destructive and sporadic nature, it is often difficult to evaluate and predict the effects of typhoon on forest ecosystem patterns and processes. We used a 21-yr record of litterfall rates to explore the influence of typhoon frequency and intensity, along with other meteorological variables, on ecosystem dynamics in a subtropical rainforest. Over the past half century there has been an increasing frequency of strong typhoons (category 3; >49.6 m s−1; increase of 1.5 typhoons/decade) impacting the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan. At Fushan strong typhoons drive total litterfall mass with an average of 1100 kg ha−1 litterfall typhoon−1. While mean typhoon season litterfall has been observed to vary by an order of magnitude, mean litterfall rates associated with annual leaf senescence vary by <20%. In response to increasing typhoon frequency, total annual litter mass increased gradually over the 21-year record following three major typhoons in 1994. Monthly maximum wind speed was predictive of monthly litterfall, yet the influence of precipitation and temperature was only evident in non-typhoon affected months. The response of this subtropical forest to strong typhoons suggests that increasing typhoon frequency has already shifted ecosystem structure and function (declining carbon sequestration and forest stature).
Preparation of carbon nanodots capped by polyethylene glycol as a multifunctional sensor for temperature and paracetamol
Authors: Qu Fei , Xue Fangfang , Liu Jing , You Jinmao
Published: July 2017

Carbon nanodots with different functions are obtained through changing the amount ratio of PEG-1500 to ascorbic acid in the synthesis.
Development and validation of a novel fluorometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide monitoring in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Abdolmohammad-Zadeh Hossein
Published: July 2017

A novel fluorometric sensor based on catalyzed 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)/H2O2 systems was developed to detect trace levels of H2O2 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).
Metal–organic framework derived carbon-confined Ni2P nanocrystals supported on graphene for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Manman , Lin Mengting , Li Jiantao , Huang Lei , Zhuang Zechao , Lin Chao , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: July 2017

Metal–organic framework derived carbon-confined Ni2P nanocrystals supported on graphene with high effective surface area, more exposed active sites, and enhanced charge transport were successfully designed.
Interaction between aromatic rings as organizing tools and semi-coordination in Cu(ii) compounds
Authors: Martínez-Vargas Sergio , Dorazco-González Alejandro , Hernández-Ortega Simón , Toscano Rubén A. , Barquera-Lozada José Enrique , Valdés-Martínez Jesús
Published: July 2017

We present the use of the interaction between aromatic rings as the main tool in the organization of coordination compounds in a crystal.
Surface hydration drives rapid water imbibition into strongly hydrophilic nanopores
Authors: Fang Chao , Qiao Rui
Published: July 2017

Surface hydration-driven imbibition of water into strongly hydrophilic pores follows a diffusive scaling law and exhibits effective diffusion coefficients much higher than water molecules.
Effects of atomic vacancies and temperature on the tensile properties of single-walled MoS2nanotubes
Authors: Xiong Qi-lin , Zhang Jin , Xiao Chu , Li Zhen-huan
Published: July 2017

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the effects of Mo and S atomic vacancies and different temperatures on the tensile properties of single-walled MoS2nanotubes through a series of tensile tests.
Power output and carrier dynamics studies of perovskite solar cells under working conditions
Authors: Yu Man , Wang Hao-Yi , Hao Ming-Yang , Qin Yujun , Fu Li-Min , Zhang Jian-Ping , Ai Xi-Cheng
Published: July 2017

By simulating the working conditions of devices, quantitative results of power output and the corresponding carrier dynamics were investigated.
A fluorescence-electrochemical study of carbon nanodots (CNDs) in bio- and photoelectronic applications and energy gap investigation
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Zhang Wendi , Arvapalli Durga M. , Bloom Brian , Sheardy Alex , Mabe Taylor , Liu Yiyang , Ji Zuowei , Chevva Harish , Waldeck David H. , Wei Jianjun
Published: July 2017

A new perspective on the optoelectronic properties of CNDs is obtained from a novel fluorescence spectroelectrochemistry and comprehensive energy gap investigation.
Tuning band gaps and optical absorption of BiOCl through doping and strain: insight form DFT calculations
Authors: Zhang Le , Tang Zhen-Kun , Lau Woon-Ming , Yin Wen-Jin , Hu Shu-Xian , Liu Li-Min
Published: July 2017

Doping and strain were used to tune the electronic structures and optical properties of BiOCl using first principle calculations.
Directed assembly of functionalized nanoparticles with amphiphilic diblock copolymers
Authors: Zhou Yaru , Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Liangshun , Lin Jiaping
Published: July 2017

We theoretically propose a simple approach to achieve soft nanoparticles with a self-patchiness nature, which are further directed to assemble into a rich variety of highly ordered superstructures.
The mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated enhanced energy transfer during high-intensity focused ultrasound sonication
Authors: Bera Chandan , Devarakonda Surendra B. , Kumar Vishal , Ganguli Ashok K. , Banerjee Rupak K.
Published: July 2017

A fundamental understanding of the physics (phonons) behind HIFU attenuation and the associated temperature rise in media.
The effects of ice on methane hydrate nucleation: a microcanonical molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhang Zhengcai , Guo Guang-Jun
Published: July 2017

The NVE simulations realize the ice shrinking when methane hydrate nucleates both heterogeneously and homogeneously.
Counterintuitive trends of the wetting behavior of ionic liquid-based electrolytes on modified lithium electrodes
Authors: Schmitz Paulo , Kolek Martin , Diddens Diddo , Stan Marian Cristian , Jalkanen Kirsi , Winter Martin , Bieker Peter
Published: July 2017

Insights into the wetting behaviour of ionic liquid-based electrolytes on modified lithium metal surfaces – an analysis of counterintuitive trends.
A polyacrylonitrile copolymer-silica template for three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon as a Pt catalyst support for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Minmin , Li Jian , Cai Chao , Zhou Ziwei , Ling Yun , Liu Rui
Published: July 2017

Herein, we report a novel route to construct a hierarchical three-dimensional porous carbon (3DC) through a copolymer-silica assembly.
Retracted Article: The feasibility of char and bio-oil production from pyrolysis of pit latrine sludge
Authors: Bond Tom , Tse Queenie , Chambon Clementine L. , Fennell Paul , Fowler Geoff D. , Templeton Michael R.
Published: July 2017

Biochar production is favoured from stabilised pit latrine sludge with lower water and volatile solids content.
Microengineered cultures containing human hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes for drug development
Authors: Davidson Matthew D. , Kukla David A. , Khetani Salman R.
Published: July 2017

Micropatterned tri-cultures (MPTCs) containing human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts in a high-throughput format are used to mimic aspects of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) for drug screening.
Twisted intramolecular charge transfer in a carbazole-based chromophore: the stable [(4-N-carbazolyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl]bis(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)methyl radical
Authors: Gilabert Alejandra , Fajarí Lluís , Sirés Ignasi , Reig Marta , Brillas Enric , Velasco Dolores , Anglada Josep M. , Juliá Luis
Published: July 2017

A stable radical adduct 1 with carbazole as an electron-donor and polychlorotriphenylmethyl radical as an electron-acceptor shows interesting properties.
In situ polymerization of supramolecular nanorods assembled from polymerizable perylene bisimide
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Zhibo
Published: July 2017

Dimethacryl amide functionalized perylene bisimide monomer was synthesized, in-situ free radical polymerization was then performed in the organized state to maintain the assembly structures.
An improved methodology for the synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-vitamin D3 (MC 1288) and Gemini analog Ro-438-3582
Authors: Santalla Hugo , Martínez Andrea , Garrido Fátima , Gómez Generosa , Fall Yagamare
Published: July 2017

Control over the C-20 stereochemistry allows a versatile method to introduce novel side-chains into the vitamin D scaffold.
Computational study on NHC-catalyzed enantioselective and chemoselective fluorination of aliphatic aldehydes
Authors: Wang Yang , Qiao Yan , Wei Donghui , Tang Mingsheng
Published: July 2017

A mechanistic study on NHC-catalyzed enantioselective and chemoselective fluorination of aliphatic aldehydes has been performed for the first time.
Curcumin re-sensitizes multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer to cisplatin through inducing autophagy by decreasing CCAT1 expression
Authors: Xiao-ai Lv , Bei Wang , Xiao-hong Xu , Lei Pan , Bin Wang , Xiao-xue Dong , Chen-hui Zheng , Qi-wei Du
Published: July 2017

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the chemotherapeutic treatment of breast cancer.
Kinetics and mechanistic investigation into the degradation of naproxen by a UV/chlorine process
Authors: Gao Yu-qiong , Gao Nai-yun , Chu Wen-hai , Yang Qin-lin , Yin Da-qiang
Published: July 2017

The degradation kinetics and mechanism of naproxen during UV/chlorine treatment were investigated.
A ternary composite with manganese dioxide nanorods and graphene nanoribbons embedded in a polyaniline matrix for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Tong , Wang Chaonan , Mo Yao , Wang Xinran , Fan Jinchen , Xu Qunjie , Min Yulin
Published: July 2017

A new ternary composite of manganese dioxide (MnO2), polyaniline (PANI) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been fabricated through a two-step polymerization process.
Formation mechanism of multilayer TiO2nanotubes in HBF4electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Shaoyu , Yu Mengshi , Xu Liming , Zhao Siwei , Che Jianfei , Zhu Xufei
Published: July 2017

Multilayer anodic TiO2nanotubes with A-shaped sidewalls are first fabricated in HBF4-containing electrolyte by a one-step galvanostatic anodization.
Highly selective production of heavy hydrocarbons over cobalt–graphene–silica nanocomposite catalysts
Authors: Huang Jian , Qian Weixin , Ma Hongfang , Zhang Haitao , Ying Weiyong
Published: July 2017

Cobalt–graphene–silica nanocomposites catalysts were applied in FTS and showed highly selective production of heavy hydrocarbons.
Bioinspired enantioselective synthesis of crinine-type alkaloids via iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enones
Authors: Zuo Xiao-Dong , Guo Shu-Min , Yang Rui , Xie Jian-Hua , Zhou Qi-Lin
Published: July 2017

A bioinspired enantioselective synthesis of crinine-type alkaloids was developed by iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enones, providing 24 crinine-type alkaloids and 8 analogues with high yield and high enantioselectivity.
Ni12P5 nanoparticles embedded into porous g-C3N4 nanosheets as a noble-metal-free hetero-structure photocatalyst for efficient H2 production under visible light
Authors: Zeng Deqian , Ong Wee-Jun , Zheng Hongfei , Wu Mingda , Chen Yuanzhi , Peng Dong-Liang , Han Ming-Yong
Published: July 2017

Colloidally synthesized Ni12P5 nanoparticles were embedded into g-C3N4 nanosheets via a solution-phase approach. The Ni12P5/g-C3N4 photocatalysts manifested significantly improved noble-metal-free H2 evolution.
Rapid detection of an anthrax biomarker based on the recovered fluorescence of carbon dot–Cu(ii) systems
Authors: Li Pingjing , Ang Ann Nee , Feng Huatao , Li Sam F. Y.
Published: July 2017

The sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) is strongly associated with the sensing of bacterial organisms in environmental and biological samples.
A portable multi-channel sensing device using Au nano-urchins as probes for melamine detection in milk
Authors: Chen Lin , Huang Ying , Xing Tian Tian , Ge LingPu , Yang Tong , Chen Bin , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: July 2017

Facile detection of melamine in milk was realized through a portable multi-channel sensing device using Au nanoparticles with urchin-like structures as sensing probes.
Magnetic ordering in 45 nm-diameter multisegmented FeGa/Cu nanowires: single nanowires and arrays
Authors: Ortega Eduardo , Reddy Sai Madhukar , Betancourt Israel , Roughani Sina , Stadler Bethanie J. H. , Ponce Arturo
Published: July 2017

Electron holograms allowed us to visualize the magnetic induction in a row of FeGa/Cu nanowires to see their neighboring effect, this observation demonstrate a limit to the density of individual bits in 3D memory.
Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Intervention Delivered by Educators for Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: McLeod Sharynne , Baker Elise , McCormack Jane , Wren Yvonne , Roulstone Sue , Crowe Kathryn , Masso Sarah , White Paul , Howland Charlotte
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-assisted input-based intervention for children with speech sound disorders (SSD).

Method

The Sound Start Study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Seventy-nine early childhood centers were invited to participate, 45 were recruited, and 1,205 parents and educators of 4- and 5-year-old children returned questionnaires. Children whose parents and educators had concerns about speech were assessed (n= 275); 132 children who were identified with phonological pattern-based errors underwent additional assessment. Children with SSD and no difficulties with receptive language or hearing, typical nonverbal intelligence, and English as their primary language were eligible; 123 were randomized into two groups (interventionn= 65; controln= 58), and 3 withdrew. The intervention group involved Phoneme Factory Sound Sorter software (Wren & Roulstone, 2013) administered by educators over 9 weeks; the control group involved typical classroom practices. Participants were reassessed twice by a speech-language pathologist who was unaware of the initial assessment and intervention conditions.

Results

For the primary outcome variable (percentage of consonants correct), the significant mean change from pre- to postintervention for the intervention group (mean change = +6.15,p< .001) was comparable in magnitude to the significant change for the control group (mean change = +5.43,p< .001) with a small between-groups effect size for change (Cohen'sd= 0.08). Similar results occurred for measures of emergent literacy, phonological processing, participation, and well-being.

Conclusion

Computer-assisted input-based intervention administered by educators did not result in greater improvement than typical classroom practices.
Using the Rasch Model to Develop a Measure of Participation Capturing the Full Range of Participation Characteristics for the Patients with Hand Injuries
Authors: Farzad Maryam , Layeghi Fereydoun , Hosseini Ali , Whiteneck Gale , Asgari Ali
Published: July 2017

Objective The purpose of this paper was to report on the first step in the development of a new instrument to measure participation including the full range of its characteristics.

Methods The 30-item participation behavior questionnaire (PBQ) was developed from four main sources (a literature review of the theatrical basis of participation, available participation measures, and interviews with patients and experts about participation). Item selection and the reliability and validity of the measure were explored using Rasch measurement modeling for analysis.

Participants A total of 404 individuals referred to rehabilitation after hand, wrist, or upper extremity surgery to reduce impairment from trauma, at least 2 months post-injury.

Results An initial pool of 100 items; reflecting 14 characteristics of participation was initially reduced to 91 items after review by 15 participation experts and then further reduced to 30 items by three rounds of Rasch analysis removing misfitting items. The final PBQ has a person reliability of 0.91 with separation of 3.22, indicating it can reliably differentiate four levels of participation. There are no misfitting items and the instrument is unidimensional. All 14 characteristics of participation were retained in the PBQ, and none of the 30 items refer specifically to upper extremity issues.

Conclusion The 30 participation behavior items of the PBQ show promise of being a psychometrically sound measure of participation. Further research is needed to validate the PBQ in samples of people with a range of other disabilities.
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Spinal Fusion
Authors: Vasques Marco , Fonseca Eliana
Published: July 2017

The surgical techniques of spinal fusion are frequently used in the treatment of many spine conditions. Apart from having anatomical knowledge, in order to perform those procedures safely, it is essential to utilize all the tools available to assure the appropriate positioning of the materials and avoid neural injury. The goal of this article is to review the literature on the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for spinal fusion procedures and to discuss the controversies regarding this issue.
30-jähriger Patient mit V. a. Marfan-Syndrom und zunehmend beeinträchtigter Gehfähigkeit
Authors: Balke Maryam , Lehmann Helmar , Fink Gereon , Wunderlich Gilbert
Published: July 2017

Anamnese Bei einem 30-jährigen Mann mit seit der Kindheit zunehmender Muskelschwäche, Konzentrationsstörungen, schlankem Habitus und leichter Aortenklappeninsuffizienz wurde im Alter von 14 Jahren ein Marfan-Syndrom diagnostiziert.

Untersuchungen 13 Jahre später wurde genetisch und nach der Gent-Nosologie interdisziplinär die Diagnose ausgeschlossen. Die klinische und elektrophysiologische Verdachtsdiagnose einer myotonen Dystrophie Typ 1 wurde genetisch gesichert.

Therapie und Verlauf Wie beim Marfan-Syndrom handelt es sich bei der Myotonen Dystrophie um eine Multisystemerkrankung mit der Gefahr tödlicher Herzrhythmusstörungen. Eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch Neurologen, Internisten, Augenärzte, Logopäden und Physiotherapeuten ist notwendig.

Folgerung Der Habitus allein als Grundlage für die Diagnose eines Marfan-Syndroms ist nicht ausreichend. Vor allem müssen Marfan-untypische Symptome wie kognitive Defizite und progrediente Paresen beachtet werden.
„Wohlfühlen trotz Diabetes“: Ein verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppenprogramm zur Steigerung der Lebensqualität bei älteren Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes und leichten Depressionen
Authors: Petrak Frank , Hautzinger Martin , Müller Matthias , Herpertz Stephan
Published: July 2017

Ältere depressive Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 haben durch ihre komorbide depressive Störung nicht nur eine erhebliche psychische Belastung, sondern auch eine deutliche Risikoerhöhung für diabetesbezogene Komplikationen, funktionelle Beeinträchtigungen und Mortalität. Diese Zusammenhänge scheinen kaum vom Schweregrad der Depression abhängig zu sein, sondern zeigen sich bereits bei subklinischen und leichten depressiven Störungen. Bislang liegen spezifische psychotherapeutische Behandlungskonzepte für diese Patientengruppe nicht vor. Aus diesem Grund entwickelten und überprüften wir im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie ein diabetesspezifisches manualisiertes Gruppenpsychotherapieprogramm zur ambulanten Verhaltenstherapie für ältere Menschen mit Typ 2 Diabetes und leichten depressiven Symptomen. Die Behandlungsziele fokussieren auf eine Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität, der depressiven Symptomatik, der Qualität der Stoffwechseleinstellung und der Kosteneffektivität. Im vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir das Behandlungskonzept im Überblick vor.
Efficient switching of mCherry fluorescence using chemical caging
Authors: Cloin Bas M. C. , De Zitter Elke , Salas Desiree , Gielen Vincent , Folkers Gert E. , Mikhaylova Marina , Bergeler Maike , Krajnik Bartosz , Harvey Jeremy , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Van Meervelt Luc , Dedecker Peter , Kapitein Lukas C.
Published: July 2017

Significance

In contrast to diffraction-limited microscopy, superresolution microscopy highly depends on the used fluorescent label. However, introducing a new label with suitable dynamics is not always straightforward. Here we describe how mCherry, a frequently used fluorescent protein in conventional microscopy, can be used for superresolution microscopy via a new caging mechanism involving the addition of β-mercaptoethanol. Moreover, we investigate the structural mechanism behind this chemical caging, using X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. These show that the mechanism is twofold: β-mercaptoethanol adds covalently to the protein’s chromophore, whereas it also acts as a reducing agent for the chromophore.
A null model for microbial diversification
Authors: Straub Timothy J. , Zhaxybayeva Olga
Published: July 2017

Significance

When evolutionary histories of closely related microorganisms are reconstructed, the lineages often cluster into visibly recognizable groups. However, we do not know if these clusters represent fundamental units of bacterial diversity, such as “species,” nor do we know the nature of evolutionary and ecological forces that are responsible for cluster formation. Addressing these questions is crucial, both for describing biodiversity and for rapid and unambiguous identification of microorganisms, including pathogens. Multiple competing scenarios of ecological diversification have been previously proposed. Here we show that simple cell death and division over time could also explain the observed clustering. We argue that testing for the signatures of such “neutral” patterns should be considered a null hypothesis in any microbial classification analysis.
Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
Authors: Ericsson Malin , Lundholm Cecilia , Fors Stefan , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Zavala Catalina , Reynolds Chandra A. , Pedersen Nancy L.
Published: July 2017

Significance

There is a previously well-established relationship between socioeconomic status and cognitive ability. By having access to repeated measures of cognitive data across the second part of the life span, we were able not only to study the influence of childhood social class on mean-level cognitive performance, but also on change over time. Using reared-apart monozygotic and dizygotic twins and a control sample of twins reared together, we studied the effects of childhood socioeconomic environment on cognition in later life. We found an association between childhood social class and mean levels of cognitive performance, but not longitudinal trajectories of change. When controlling for genetic influences, there was no association of childhood social class and cognitive performance late in life.
Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Rosenlof Karen H. , Liu Shang , Telg Hagen , Thornberry Troy D. , Rollins Andrew W. , Portmann Robert W. , Bai Zhixuan , Ray Eric A. , Duan Yunjun , Pan Laura L. , Toon Owen B. , Bian Jianchun , Gao Ru-Shan
Published: July 2017

Significance

Nonvolcanic stratospheric aerosols account for 20% of the radiative forcing of the entire atmospheric aerosol system since 1850. The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) effectively pumps Asian pollutants to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, leading to enhanced aerosol formation. Our in situ measurements combined with modeling work show that the aerosol formed within the ASM anticyclone is exported to the entire Northern Hemispheric stratosphere. On an annual average basis, we estimate that ∼15% of the Northern Hemisphere column stratospheric aerosol surface area originates from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone region. This surface area is comparable to the modeled contribution from the sum of the small volcanic eruptions over the period 2000 to 2015.
Uncovering BRD4 hyperphosphorylation associated with cellular transformation in NUT midline carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ranran , Cao Xing-Jun , Kulej Katarzyna , Liu Wei , Ma Tongcui , MacDonald Margo , Chiang Cheng-Ming , Garcia Benjamin A. , You Jianxin
Published: July 2017

Significance

BRD4 plays a vital role in cellular growth control. Because BRD4 is dysregulated in a wide range of aggressive malignancies, it is being increasingly implicated as a major driver of oncogenic growth and a novel target for cancer therapy. However, how BRD4 is regulated to maintain its normal function in healthy cells and how alteration of this process leads to cancer remain poorly understood. We discovered that BRD4 is hyperphosphorylated in cancers and that this hyperphosphorylation may be a general mechanism to support its oncogenic activities. Our study shows how dysregulation of BRD4 function could lead to tumorigenesis. Our discovery also provides the rationale for investigating how cellular signaling pathways modulate BRD4 phosphorylation to control its function during cancer development.
Potential high-

T
c

superconducting lanthanum and yttrium hydrides at high pressure
Authors: Liu Hanyu , Naumov Ivan I. , Hoffmann Roald , Ashcroft N. W. , Hemley Russell J.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Theoretical predictions and subsequent experimental observations of high-temperature superconductivity in dense hydrogen-rich compounds have reinvigorated the field of superconductivity. A systematic computational study of the hydrides of lanthanum and yttrium over a wide composition range reveals hydrogen-rich structures with intriguing electronic properties under pressure. Electron–phonon coupling calculations predict the existence of new superconducting phases, some exhibiting superconductivity in the range of room temperature. Moreover, the calculated stabilities indicate the materials could be synthesized at pressures that are currently accessible in the laboratory. The results open the prospect for the design, synthesis, and recovery of new high-temperature superconductors with potential practical applications.
Phonetically conditioned sound change
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander
Published: July 2017

All modern Basque dialects have at least 5 contrastive vowels /i, e, a, o, u/. One Basque dialect, Zuberoan, has developed a contrastive sixth vowel, the front rounded high vowel /y/. This development is arguably due to sustained contact with neighboring Gallo-Romance languages. This paper supports empirically the historical development of the /u/ vs. /y/ contrast and provides a detailed analysis of the contexts that inhibited the /u/ > /y/ sound change. Fronting was inhibited when the vowel was followed by an apical sibilant, a tap /ɾ/ or an rT cluster (where r is a rhotic, and T an alveolar obstruent), arguably due to coarticulatory effects. Fronting occurred when /s̻/, /r/ or non-coronal rhotic-obstruent clusters followed /u/. Zuberoan /u/-fronting illustrates the importance of language contact and phonetics in the phonological analysis of historical developments.
Semantic and cognitive factors of argument marking in ancient Indo-European languages
Authors: Viti Carlotta
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses how the argument structure of experience predicates may be affected by semantic factors in Indo-European. I investigate whether the semantic role of the experiencer is preferably expressed by the nominative or by an oblique case in various predicates of volition, cognition, propositional attitude, psychological experience and physical perception in each Indo-European branch, with particular consideration of Hittite, Old Indic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Classical Armenian and Tocharian. In my data, while the nominative coding of the experiencer tends to be generalized to heterogeneous semantic classes of experience predicates, an oblique experiencer occurs with more specific lexical categories, that is, the predicatelike/pleaseon the one hand and predicates of negative experience on the other. Interestingly, negative experiences ofbeing sad, sickorunluckyare syntactically associated with oblique experiencers much more commonly than their correspondent positive experiences ofbeing happy, healthyorlucky. This asymmetrical representation of negative and positive experiences has parallels in other language families and may have a cognitive motivation, whereby bad physical or psychological conditions are conceptualized as external forces attacking unwilling humans who have no control of them. This may be relevant not only for the currently debated issue of Indo-European argument marking, but also for an integration of semantic and cognitive principles into historical linguistics.
Efficiency of antibody therapy in demyelinating diseases
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Nakashima Ichiro
Published: July 2017

Monoclonal antibody therapy is a new treatment strategy for many types of diseases including cancers and autoimmune diseases, realizing a high efficacy and tolerability. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders, several monoclonal antibodies have been suggested to decrease the incidence of clinical relapse and the disease activity. In MS, anti-α4 integrin (natalizumab), anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab), anti-CD25 (daclizumab) and anti-CD20 (ocrelizumab) have been shown to effectively reduce the relapses in randomized controlled trials and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Specifically, ocrelizumab is the first drug that has shown significant suppression of brain volume loss and suppression of chronic disability progression. In NMO, though there have yet to be any approved monoclonal antibodies, rituximab, anti-complement C5 (eculizumab), anti-IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab), anti-CD19 (inebilizumab) and non-pathogenic anti-aquaporin 4 (aquaporumab) have been suggested to be effective, and some of these are now under clinical trials. Aquaporumab is a non-pathogenic recombinant human monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits the binding of the pathogenic auto-antibody against aquaporin 4 in NMO patients; thus, it is expected to be highly disease specific with less non-specific adverse events. Some of these monoclonal antibodies in MS and NMO are known to cause several notable adverse events. Natalizumab and rituximab increase the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Eculizumab increases the risk of meningococcal infection. Tocilizumab is known to cause intestinal diverticulitis that can cause intestinal perforation. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of, evidence for and notable adverse events of each monoclonal antibody in MS and NMO.
Initial Experience Using a High-Definition 3-Dimensional Exoscope System for Microneurosurgery
Authors: Sack Jayson , Steinberg Jeffrey A , Rennert Robert C , Hatefi Dustin , Pannell Jeffrey S , Levy Michael , Khalessi Alexander A
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The operative microscope and endoscope have significantly advanced modern neurosurgery. These devices are nonetheless limited by high costs and suboptimal optics, ergonomics, and maneuverability. A recently developed extracorporeal telescope (“exoscope”) operative system combines characteristics from both the operative microscope and endoscope and provides an affordable, portable, high-definition operative experience. Widespread use of exoscopes in neurosurgery has previously been limited by a lack of stereopsis with 2-dimensional(2-D) monitors.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the surgical potential of a novel, 3-D, high-definition (4K-HD) exoscope system.

METHODS

Assess dissection time and visualization of critical structures in a series of human cadaveric cranial neurosurgical approaches with the 3-D 4K-HD exoscope as compared to a standard operating microscope.

RESULTS

Dissection times and visualization of critical structures was comparable with the 3-D 4K-HD exoscope and a standard operating microscope. The low-profile exoscope nonetheless allowed for larger operative corridors, enhanced instrument maneuverability, and less obstruction in passing instrumentation. The large monitor also resulted in an immersive surgical experience, and gave multiple team members the same high-quality view as the primary operator. Finally, the exoscope possessed a more ergonomically favorable setup as compared to the traditional microscope, allowing the surgeon to be in a neutral position despite the operative angle.

CONCLUSION

The novel 3-D 4K-HD exoscope system possesses favorable optics, ergonomics, and maneuverability as compared to the traditional operating microscope, with the exoscope's shared surgical view possessing obvious educational and workflow advantages. Further clinical trials are justified to validate this initial cadaveric experience.
Host Microbiome Richness Predicts Resistance to Disturbance by Pathogenic Infection in a Vertebrate Host
Authors: Harrison Xavier A. , Price Stephen J. , Hopkins Kevin , Leung William T. M. , Sergeant Chris , Garner Trenton W. J.
Published: July 2017

Environmental heterogeneity is known to modulate the interactions between pathogens and hosts. However, the impact of environmental heterogeneity on the structure of host-associated microbial communities, and how these communities respond to pathogenic exposure remain poorly understood. Here we use an experimental framework to probe the links between environmental heterogeneity, skin microbiome structure and infection by the emerging pathogenRanavirusin a vertebrate host, the European common frog (Rana temporaria). We provide evidence that environmental complexity directly influences the diversity and structure of the host skin microbiome, and that more diverse microbiomes are more resistant to perturbation associated with exposure toRanavirus. Our data also indicate that host microbiome diversity covaries with survival following exposure toRanavirus. Our study highlights the importance of extrinsic factors in driving host-pathogen dynamics in vertebrate hosts, and suggests that environment-mediated variation in the structure of the host microbiome may covary with observed differences in host susceptibility to disease in the wild.
Paradox resolved: stop signal race model with negative dependence
Authors: Colonius Hans , Diederich Adele
Published: July 2017

The ability to inhibit our responses voluntarily is an important case of cognitive control. The stop-signal paradigm is a popular tool to study response inhibition. Participants perform a response time task (go task) and, occasionally, the go stimulus is followed by a stop signal after a variable delay, indicating subjects to withhold their response (stop task). The main interest of modeling is in estimating the unobservable stop-signal processing time, that is, the covert latency of the stopping process as a characterization of the response inhibition mechanism. In theindependent race modelthe stop-signal task is represented as a race between stochastically independent go and stop processes. Without making any specific distributional assumptions about the processing times, the model allows to estimate the mean time to cancel a response. However, neurophysiological studies on countermanding saccadic eye movements have shown that neural correlates of go and stop processes consist of networks of mutuallyinteractinggaze-shifting and gaze-holding neurons. This poses a major challenge in formulating linking propositions between the behavioral and neural findings. Here we propose adependent race modelthat postulates perfect negative stochastic dependence between go and stop activations. The model is consistent with the concept of interacting processes while retaining the simplicity and elegance of the distribution-free independent race model. For mean data, the dependent model’s predictions remain identical to those of the independent model. The resolution of this apparent paradox advances the understanding of mechanisms of response inhibition and paves the way for modeling more complex situations.
Usage of electronic resources at University of Delhi: a case study
Authors: Kumar Narender , Lalita Lalita
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to know the cost of per use, to analyze the cost per use in different subjects, to analyze the most economical as well as expensive electronic database being subscribed by the University of Delhi, to identify the database(s) for cancellation and to highlight issues related to usage statistics.

Design/methodology/approach

Usage statistics have been collected from the publishers for the period under study of full-text databases in the counting online usage of networked electronic resource (COUNTER) JR1 excluding downloads from an archive and Indian databases not providing COUNTER compliance usage. Usages of foreign databases have been analyzed through different parameters like yearly average cost per down load, subject-wise average cost per down, most economical databases and most expensive databases have been identified. A total approximation cost has also been worked by adopting standards practice to know the saving of University of Delhi by subscribing these databases.

Findings

The study concludes that in case of foreign databases, the cost per use has increased by 41.77 per cent in the past 10 years and the cumulative average cost per use has been Rs.55.07 less than $1 if converted into US$. In case of subject, the cheapest cost per use has been from the databases providing statistical data (Rs.26.50) and the costliest cost per use has been from discipline social science (99–196.61), followed by management (Rs.37.33), general databases (Rs.40.58), science (Rs.41.66), humanities (Rs.48.73), technology (Rs.93.22) and computer science (Rs.102.09) per use. It has also been found that the Britannica Online has been the most economical database costing Rs.2.33 and World Intellectual Property Search as most expensive costing Rs.14,902.19 per use. The study concludes that University of Delhi have saved substantial amount by subscribing these databases instead of purchasing these article from open market. The study concluded that though the usage statistics is an important parameter for renewal or cancellation, it should not be the only criteria.

Research limitations/implications

This study could not able to work out the cost per use of Indian databases, as they were not able to provide COUNTER statistics.

Practical implications

On the basis of the study, University of Delhi and institute may decide on renewal of these databases. The institute may take necessary action to promote these databases through information literacy program. On the basis of the study, University of Delhi and institute may decide on renewal of these databases. The institute may take necessary action to promote these databases through information literacy program.

Originality/value

This study is an empirical research based on original usage statistics provided by the publishers in COUNTER format. Earlier literature has also been studied and used. Proper citation and reference have been acknowledged. The study has been checked through plagiarism detecting software.
Transformational leadership and cultural minorities: a conceptual model
Authors: Malik Amina Raza , Singh Parbudyal
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how diversity of cultural minority newcomers and transformational leadership affect the socialization process of cultural minorities in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model is developed based on diversity theory and past research studies.

Findings

The authors highlight the roles of transformational leadership and diversity mindsets in facilitating their socialization process.

Research limitations/implications

Using quantitative studies, future research should attempt to test the propositions presented in this paper by conducting employee-level studies.

Practical implications

The focus of diversity training needs to be changed from preventing unfairness and discrimination to viewing diversity as an important informational resource. Leaders of cultural minority newcomers should be trained to lead in a more transformational manner.

Originality/value

Scholars suggest that research on cultural minorities is lacking and their integration in organizations is examined less extensively. In this paper, the authors fill this gap and present a conceptual model examining the socialization process of cultural minorities.