bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive processes in EFL learners' reading comprehension: A comparative analysis of WhatsApp and traditional group-driven reading
Authors: Maruf Nirwanto , Husain Dahlia , Arifin Syaadiah
Published: April 2024

WhatsApp (WA) has become increasingly popular in second language (L2) instructional practices, primarily for assessing L2 learners’ outcomes. Despite this popularity, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding well-documented inquiries into the cognitive processes and reading comprehension of L2 learners. This study aimed to explain L2 learners’ reading comprehension abilities, and explore their cognitive processes between L2 learners who were taught using WA reading groups and those taught using the traditional group-driven reading approach. A mixed quantitative using an experimental design with 32 learners (12 males and 20 females) and a qualitative design was applied to address the two research purposes. The study results illustrated that learners' cognitive process in the WA reading group was effective, and their reading comprehension scores were higher than the traditional reading group. The effective cognitive strategies were visualized from learners’ WA chat histories. The WA reading group's cognitive process involved content discussion, self-reflection, and interpretation during online reading activities. They did not discuss from word to passage, but they tended to discuss the text's content and logical flow without finding the same difficult word for all group members. Conversely, the traditional reading group cognitive processes were less effective since the group member roles were not identified, such as all learners starting to find similar unfamiliar words and then discussing them again before interpreting the content of the texts. Study limitations and pedagogical implications from the study are adequately discussed.
Articulatory phonetic errors and patterns in Thai BIPA speakers: A study at SWM School Thailand
Authors: Salamah Salamah , Setiawati Eti
Published: April 2024

The tendency for Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) or Indonesian as a Foreign Language (IFL) speakers' pronunciation errors makes specific patterns from an articulatory phonetic perspective. This approach is still limited, and the competence in pronouncing language is challenging. This study analyzes articulatory phonetic errors of vowels and consonants of BIPA Songserm Wittaya Mulniti (SWM) School Thailand speakers to find their reasons and patterns. This type of qualitative research used the listening-involved-conversation data collection technique as well as the equivalence and distributional analysis methods. The results showed 671 pronunciation errors; 184 vowels and 389 consonants. The majority of vowel errors are double vowels [uwa], open front [a], and near-close near-back [ʊ] based on the proximity of the tongue positions, movements of the tongue, lip position, and English interference. The majority of consonant errors are apico-alveolar trill [r] and lateral [l], lamino-palatal [ɲ], and dorso-velar [ŋ] based on the articulator and points of articulation, the similarity of the air passages, movement of the vocal cords, interference of air currents, and the interference of another language. The patterns formed were tendencies based on most errors, replacements, omissions, additions, omissions-replacements, replacements-additions, cutting of syllables, and phoneme errors that change the morpheme. Therefore, many errors formed a series of similarities and structured patterns, especially for consonants that had different pronunciation rules from the mother tongue. Practically, this research can help BIPA teachers develop appropriate learning materials and strategies according to the error patterns and characteristics of learners when pronouncing the language.
Probabilistic investigation of the pounding effect in steel moment resisting frames with equal and unequal heights
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sadeghi Abbasali , Kazemi Hamid ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Razmkhah Mohammad Hossein ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Sadeghi Amirreza ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand
Published: April 2024

In this research, the influence of the pounding phenomenon of two adjacent steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs) with 2 and 5-story with an intermediate ductility is investigated by considering equal and unequal heights under seismic excitations. In this way, two scenarios are applied. The first and second scenarios are related to the pounding of two SMRFs with an equal height (both frames with 2-story) and an unequal height (2-story and 5-story frames), respectively. In the following, at first, sensitivity analysis is conducted by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. Then, the collapse performance of the studied SMRFs is evaluated by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), and fragility curves under 14 far-fault records and also, the failure probability is predicted by the Kriging meta-model. The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the yield strength of cross-sections and dead load were the greatest effect on failure probability computation. Also, in the statistical level of 50%, the collapse probability of SMRFs with an equal height is 17% compared to the SMRFs with an unequal height. Also, the results of the Kriging meta-model show that the failure probability is increased by 65% in an unequal height versus an equal height.
Blockchain-Driven Logistics Using Ethereum: A Review
Authors: Sachin Kumar, Abhishek Sharma Ashutosh Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Mishra, Gouri Shankar Mishra,
Published: April 2024

Everyday life depends heavily on the supply chain, and its traceability guarantees the quality and safety of the products. Thus, there is a pressing need for an effective and trustworthy solution to enhance logistic traceability. Traditional traceability systems suffer from low tracking efficiency and inconsistent data. However, the developing blockchain technology promises to improve these issues by being transparent, tamper-proof, and decentralised. This article analyses previous research, highlights problems, and investigates logistic traceability options based on blockchain. First, the conventional traceability approach and stakeholder demands are explained, along with the fundamentals of blockchain technology. Next, a thorough evaluation and analysis of the current publications and enterprise applications is conducted. Lastly, difficulties and potential lines of inquiry are explored. Subsequent studies may concentrate on developing focused consensus processes, creating suitable access controls, examining the function of regulators in the supply chain, etc. This analysis demonstrates that although there are still many obstacles to overcome, blockchain offers a lot of promise to solve traceability problems.
Modelagem matemática e a função quadrática: uma possibilidade de ensino
Authors: Felizardo Eliel , Sauer Laurete Zanol
Published: April 2024

Este artigo aborda a aplicação da modelagem matemática às funções quadráticas, explorando seu papel na representação de uma variedade de fenômenos do mundo real. As funções quadráticas possuem propriedades singulares que permitem a modelagem de comportamentos não lineares em diferentes áreas do saber. Por isso, este texto também destaca a importância da validação dos modelos matemáticos e da interpretação dos resultados, enfatizando que a modelagem matemática com funções quadráticas é uma ferramenta valiosa para entender, prever e tomar decisões informadas em uma variedade de áreas. Além disso,  discute-se desafios e considerações ao trabalhar com funções quadráticas, como a identificação adequada de variáveis e a quantificação de incertezas. Concluindo, este artigo demonstra a versatilidade e a relevância da modelagem matemática com funções quadráticas na resolução de problemas do mundo real. Enfatiza-se que essa abordagem desempenha um papel vital na pesquisa, na educação e na inovação, contribuindo para a compreensão e a solução de fenômenos complexos em uma ampla variedade de campos de estudo e aplicação.
Os animais do jardim: uma unidade temática integradora para a Educação Infantil
Authors: Débora Salvador Bizotto  , Ana Carla Lima Hoffman Acasigua  , Elisa Boff
Published: April 2024

O trabalho apresentado é uma proposta de construção coletiva de uma unidade didática integrada com o tema animais do jardim, destinada para uma turma de pré-escola, que abrange crianças na faixa etária entre 4 a 5 anos de idade. Esta proposta faz parte das disciplinas de Experimentação no Ensino de Ciências e Projetos Interdisciplinares, vinculadas ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (PPGECiMa) da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS). A proposta está organizada em 8 etapas, com atividades lúdicas e experimentais de acordo com o que propõe o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular para a Educação Infantil, e os princípios da teoria de desenvolvimento de Piaget. Tem como objetivo principal identificar, analisar e diferenciar as características dos animais do jardim, oportunizando o desenvolvimento de uma relação direta com o meio ambiente.
LAB_DID - Um repositório de objetos de aprendizagem para a Educação Básica
Authors: Junkes Dal Molin Ingrid , Boff Elisa
Published: April 2024

O Catálogo Virtual de Objetos de Aprendizagem (denominado LAB_DID) é um produto educacional (PE) desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Ele consiste em um repositório de Objetos de Aprendizagem (OAs) para subsidiar a pesquisa on-line de professores que buscam utilizar OA do tipo físico ao planejar suas atividades pedagógicas. A criação do catálogo faz uso da plataforma digital de criação de blog, o Blogger. Cada postagem do catálogo, apresenta os metadados sobre o material baseado nos padrões Dublin Core e LOM. Os metadados que descrevem os OAs tem a finalidade de detalhar as características dos materiais, bem como incluem sugestões de estratégias pedagógicas para o professor aplicar. A facilidade de encontrar os OAs no catálogo virtual e o detalhamento pedagógico dos materiais são importantes aliados para promoção e ampliação da utilização dos materiais disponíveis nas escolas. Com o catálogo acessível on-line, os professores poderão fazer uso do mesmo diversificando seus planejamentos com sequências didáticas organizadas por meio de UEPS (Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas) para a construção de conceitos matemáticos de forma significativa e contribuindo com suas experiências no espaço de comentários do blog.
Reflexões acerca da aprendizagem em matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Dall'Acua Graziele , Scotti Mônica
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre Ensino de Matemática que consistiu em investigar por que há um aumento significativo de alunos que estão desmotivados para estudar Matemática no Ensino Médio e como a inclusão da tecnologia nas aulas pode contribuir para que esses alunos recuperem a motivação para estudar o assunto. À luz das concepções de Freire e da Pedagogia do Oprimido, relacionaram-se as concepções históricas da educação latino-americana, a fim de buscar evidências de que os instrumentos metodológicos da dialogicidade e da educação libertadora podem promover a transformação e a motivação desses alunos nas aulas de Matemática. Contrariando a educação bancária contextualizada por Freire, propõe-se a utilização de recursos tecnológicos nas aulas de Matemática visando a construção do conhecimento e a promoção da autonomia, protagonismo e motivação para a aprendizagem dos conceitos, ao mesmo tempo em que promove uma transformação na sociedade e no ambiente onde os alunos vivem.
Uma proposta interdisciplinar acerca da formação da imagem no olho humano
Authors: Ferreira Fernando Hanig , Rauen Fernando , Mesquita Alexandre , Catelli Francisco
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma proposta de ação interdisciplinar voltada para a compreensão dos processos físicos e biológicos que ocorrem na formação da imagem no olho humano. A proposta está direcionada ao segundo ano do Ensino Médio que pode ser implementada nos itinerários formativos do Novo Ensino Médio. A ação interdisciplinar visa integrar objetos de conhecimento das disciplinas de Física, Matemática, Biologia e Desenho Geométrico envolvidos no processo de formação da imagem no olho humano. Para o desenvolvimento da proposta estão previstas aulas expositivas e dialogadas, uso da estratégia de aprendizagem ativa In-Class exercise, atividades práticas nos laboratório de ensino e a realização de testes rápidos para que os alunos possam desenvolver a capacidade estabelecer um melhor entendimento da estrutura do olho humano e, consequentemente, o desvio da luz por refração que ocorre na formação da imagem. Os alunos também realizam a autoavaliação e a avaliação da proposta e da equipe executora. Os resultados das avaliações podem servir para melhorar as ações da proposta interdisciplinar.
Água e seus estados físicos: uma proposta de ação interdisciplinar
Authors: Silva Cristiane Pacheco Pires , Bittencourt Oraide Suzana Antunes , Guzzo Guilherme Brambatti
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de trabalho interdisciplinar elaborada nas disciplinas de Experimentação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática e de Projetos Interdisciplinares, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), tendo como tema : A Água e Seus Estados Físicos, para uma turma de 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, englobando as disciplinas de Ciências, Geografia, Língua Portuguesa, Matemática e Tecnologia. A proposta tem como objetivo geral promover o estudo das mudanças físicas da água e sua interferência na vida e no ambiente. Utilizando como metodologia a Unidade Didática Integrada, a proposta integrada, tendo como produto final o hipertexto, os alunos visam construir saberes e relacionar esses conhecimentos, tornando mais fácil a assimilação do conteúdo, auxiliando na sua aprendizagem.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triphala, assa-foetida and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinses on salivary streptococcus mutans
Authors: H.T Ajay Rao , Simon Raena , Sargod Sharan S , Suvarna Reshma , Shabbir Afreen
Published: April 2024

Oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are major worldwide oral health problems. Poor oral health has a profound effect on general health and quality of life. Dental caries is still a major health problem in most industrialized countries, school-aged children and the vast majority of adults. Streptococcus mutans is considered as one of the most important cariogenic species of the human oral microbial flora. Studies have proved the association between S. mutans and dental caries. Traditional Indian system of medicine “Ayurveda” includes several important medicinal herbs, which are used since ancient days. Triphala, which has a wide range of systemic benefits, is one among them. Studies have shown that Triphala has good antimicrobial effects against S. mutans. Ferula assa-foetida (F.assa-foetida), is a large herbaceous perennial plant from the Apiaceae family. The properties of Assa-foetida according to Traditional Persian Medicine resources suggest it is very effective for relieving toothache. Different parts of F. assa-foetida have a wide variety of medicinal applications including antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-microbial effects.

To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, Assa-foetida and 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouth rinses on the salivary Streptococcus mutans level.

Saliva samples were collected from children of age group of 5-11 years with a DMFT/def score ≥4 and with minimum of four active caries. Triphala and Asafoetida mouth rinses were prepared indigenously. Samples were plated on the culture media and then smeared on MHA media for assessing the antimicrobial efficacy against Chlorhexidine. The zone of inhibition was measured which showed the resistance against S.mutans.

Results were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA. Significant resistance was noted with asafoetida mouth rinse by measuring the zone of inhibition.

Considering the results, Triphala and asafoetida mouth rinses serve as effective herbal mouth rinses for reducing the salivary Streptococcus mutans load and can be considered as an alternative to chemical mouthwash, like Chlorhexidine.
Anti-Leishmanial Effects of a Novel Biocompatible Non-Invasive Nanofibers Containing Royal Jelly and Propolis against Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER): an In-Vitro Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohsen , Mehravi Bita , Shabani Mohammad , Hadighi Ramtin , Badirzadeh Alireza , Dehdast Ahmad , Chizari-Fard Ghazale , Pirhajati-Mahabadi Vahid , Akbari Sekineh , Tabatabaie Fatemeh , Mohebali Mehdi
Published: April 2024

Background: Current medications especially the pentavalent antimonial compounds have been used as the first line treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), but they have limitations due to serious side effects such as drug resistance, cardio and nephrotoxicity, and high costs. Hence, the demand to find more usable drugs is evident. Synthesis and devel­opment of natural, effective, biocompatible, and harmless compounds against Leishmania major is the principal priority of this study.
Methods: By electrospinning method, a new type of nanofiber were synthesized from royal jelly and propolis with dif­ferent ratios. Nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Micros­copy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Contact angle, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), Half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for different concentrations of nanofibers were determined using quantitative calorimetric meth­ods. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and flow cytometry were performed as com­plementary tests.
Results: The results showed that the proposed formulas provide a new achievement that, despite the significant killing activity on L. major, has negligible cytotoxicity on the host cells. Royal jelly nanofibers have significantly shown the best 72 hours results (IC50= 35 μg/ml and EC50=16.4 μg/ml) and the least cytotoxicity.
Conclusion: This study presents a great challenge to introduce a new low-cost treatment method for CL, accelerate wound healing, and reduce scarring with minimal side effects and biocompatible materials. Royal jelly and propolis nanofibers significantly inhibit the growth of L. major in-vitro.
Spatial Mapping the Dengue and Chikungunya Burden in a Rural Area near Bangalore- a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nugehally-Raju Ramesh Masthi , Gattam Divya Bharathi
Published: April 2024

Background: The burden of dengue and chikungunya diseases across geographical regions of India is poorly quantified more so during Covid19 pandemic and from hospital-based studies. The objective was to assess the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in the study mainly area and to visualize the spatial distribution of dengue and chikungunya cases using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS).
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the population in villages coming under a medical college’s rural field practice area near Bangalore. A total of 31 villages were selected through a simple random sampling method and 3356 subjects were surveyed through household visits. QGIS was used for spatial mapping of cases.
Results: 3356 subjects were surveyed, and the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya was 1.13% and 0.02%, re­spectively. The overall prevalence of dengue and chikungunya cases together was 1.16%. All 39 (100%) cases had reported fever and 31 cases (79.5%) reported myalgia followed by arthralgia 22 (56.4%). QGIS supported spa­tial mapping of the cases and no clustering of cases was found in the study area.
Conclusion: The burden of dengue and chikungunya is under reported, and the surveillance system needs to be strengthened in the rural area. QGIS was found to be useful in the spatial mapping of the cases and there was no clustering of cases observed.
Comparative Effects of Elettaria cardamomum Essential Oil and Its Nanoliposomal State on Mortality of Anopheles stephensi Larvae
Authors: Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad , Hosseinizadeh Zahra-Sadat , Alipour Hamzeh , Heiran Roghayeh , Shahriari-Namadi Marzieh , Ghasemian Abdolmajid , Osanloo Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

Background: Malaria has remained the most dreadful vector-borne disease; hence, vector control is the most affordable and achievable approach to mitigate the disease burden. Due to the emergence of resistance and environmental pollu­tion, herbal larvicides are considered an alternative to chemical types. Also, nanotechnology has been proposed as a prom­ising solution to improve the efficiency of plant larvicides. This study aimed to develop an effective herbal larvi­cide.  
Methods: The chemical composition of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (EO) was first investigated. Nanolipo­somes containing the EO were then prepared using the ethanol injection method. After that, the larvicidal efficacy of the EO and its liposomal state were compared against Anopheles stephensi in laboratory conditions.
Results: Alpha-terpinyl acetate (77.59%), eucalyptol (4.38%), nerolidol (2.96%), linalool (1.77%), and limonene (1.69%) were the five major compounds of the EO. Nanoliposomes containing the EO with a particle size of 73±5 nm and a zeta potential of -16.3±0.8 mV were prepared. Additionally, the ATR-FTIR analysis verified the successful load­ing of the EO into nanoliposomes. The larvicidal activity of nanoliposomes exhibited remarkable potency, with an LC50 value of 14.35 (10–18) µg/mL, significantly more potent than the non-formulated EO, which had an LC50 value of 33.47 (28–39) µg/mL against Anopheles stephensi larvae.
Conclusion: The nanoliposomes containing E. cardamomum EO showed promising efficacy against An. stephensi lar­vae. It could thus be considered for further application against other species of mosquitoes.
Knowledge and Practices of Women Regarding Malaria and Its Prevention: A Community-Based Study in an Area under Malaria Elimination Programme in Iran
Authors: Zare Mehdi , Vatandoost Hassan , Soleimani-Ahmadi Moussa , Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Jaberhashemi Seyed Aghil , Mohseni Shokrollah
Published: April 2024

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are two core interventions for control and prevention of malaria infection. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of women regarding malaria and its preventive measures in a malarious area in the Jask County, southeast of Iran.
Methods: Data was collected from 400 households through a two-stage random cluster sampling method in six villages. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. During the survey, visual observations were also made by the interviewers to check use of LLINs and IRS. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.
Results: The majority of households had a high level of knowledge about symptoms (98%, n=392) and transmission (74.5%, n=298) of malaria. The main preventive measures against malaria were: LLINS (39.5%, n=158), IRS (32%, n=128), and screens on doors/windows (16.7%, n=67). In addition, participants with primary or higher educational level reported that they practice more malaria preventive measures, compared to those who were illiterate (OR=3.3, 95% CI= 1.6–6.6, p=0.0001, Table 6). In spite of positive perceptions about IRS and LLINs, only 35.5% (n=142) and 17% (n=68) of households used IRS and LLINs, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, despite a high level of knowledge about malaria and its preventive measures, a small number of participants use LLINs and IRS for malaria prevention. Therefore, implementation of ef­fective educational interventions is recommended to improve preventive practices against malaria in the study area.
Increased Nuchal Translucency and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Tertiary Center Data
Authors: Bağcı Mustafa , Uçkan Kazım , Şahin Hanım Güler , Karaaslan Onur , Karaman Erbil
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of patients who applied to our clinic between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy and whose nuchal translucency (NT) measurement was ≥1.5 multiples of the median (MoM).
Material and Methods: The study included 85 patients whose NT measurement was determined ≥1.5 MoM and pregnancy results were available. Demographic characteristics of the patients, prenatal invasive diagnostic test results, fetal anomaly screening, fetal echocardiography (ECHO) results, and neonatal and obstetric results were evaluated.
Results: Abnormal karyotype was detected in 10.6% (n=9) of the patients. Trisomy 21 was the most common chromosomal anomaly. Fetal structural anomaly was detected in 29.4% (n=25) of the patients. A structural fetal anomaly was detected in 21% (n=13) of fetuses with normal karyotypes and 66.7% (n=6) of fetuses with abnormal karyotypes. Cardiac anomalies were found to be the most common anomalies with 9.7% (n=6) in patients with normal karyotype. NT and NT MoM values in patients with fetal structural (both p=0.001) or chromosomal anomalies (p=0.011, and p=0.019, respectively) were found significantly higher than those without. NT and NT MoM values in patients whose pregnancies resulted in fetal loss were found significantly higher than in patients who had a live birth (both p=0.001).
Conclusion: Increasing NT or NT MoM values indicate an increase in the risk of chromosomal anomalies, structural anomalies, and poor pregnancy outcomes in the fetus. Fetal anomaly screening and fetal ECHO should be recommended in patients with increased NT, even if a normal karyotype is detected.
Identification and geovisualization of morphological-hydrographic changes in the area of the open pit "Turija"
Authors: Smajić Sabahudin , Hadžimustafić Edin , Kadušić Alma
Published: April 2024

In this paper morphological-hydrographic changes in the area of the coal open pit "Turija" in Banovići basin (north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) are researched. The study was based on the field data and comparative analysis of topographic maps, satellite images, Digital Elevation Model and situational plans of the open pit area. With conducted GIS analysis of natural and anthropogenic relief of open pit "Turija" the changes in the structure of hypsometric level, slope and aspect, and the changes in the surface hydrographical network etc. are determined. The general trend of ground levelling, decrease in altitude differences, gradual disappearance of physical micro relief, disappearance of geomorphologic boundaries on the surface, disorganization of hydrographical network, the development of positive and negative forms of relief, and greater presence of physical-anthropogenic processes and forms in relation to physical ones are determined. Reduction of territories with southerly, easterly and westerly aspects, and a significant increase in territories with northerly aspect is also determined. Geospatial data obtained by GIS after their analytical and synthetic processing are geovisualized. Ten thematic maps were made and they provide insight into resulted changes in the researched geographical area. The explored indicators can serve as a significant factor in the future planning and selection of the type of re-cultivation of degraded areas in the area of research.
Nature protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina: state and perspectives
Authors: Đug Samir , Drešković Nusret
Published: April 2024

Bosnia and Herzegovina is distinguished by a very unique mosaic of high biodiversity level. However, current development activities and initiatives for construction of new dams, together with activities in the forestry sector throughout the country, emphasizes the need for establishment of new protected areas in all major ecosystem types that should be ecologically viable and effectively managed. A review of the history of protected areas and administration developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina provide useful input for analysis. However, the data on the current state and size of protected areas in the country are obsolate and inaccurate. The results of the analysis have shown that in spite of a very high biodiversity level, Bosnia and Herzegovina managed to designate only 2.6% of its territory as protected areas, which is far below regional and European level. Lack of protected areas system is one of the main direct threats to biodiversity conservation. The primary objective of establishment of protected area network (PAN) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is to ensure conservation of valuable natural areas, which contain representatives of all main ecosystem types that could be found in the country. Only in this way, sustainable conservation of biodiversity could be achieved.
Human capital development programme for mid-career agricultural extension workers: The case of Sokoine University of Agriculture BSc. agricultural extension and education training programme
Authors:   Sokoine University of Agriculture, Busindeli IM , Nyamba SY ,   Sokoine University of Agriculture, Akeredolu M ,   Former Sasakawa Africa Association
Published: April 2024

Of recent, there is changing work environment for agricultural extension workers as they operate under the multi-stakeholders’ phenomenon. This increasingly poses a challenge to frontline extension workers trained on linear model (extension-researcher-farmer linkage) in extension services delivery. This is because, facilitating the multi-stakeholder processes requires competent agricultural extension workers well-versed in human relations. In recognizing the importance of human capital development for agricultural extension service delivery in Tanzania, Sokoine University of Agriculture established a mid-career agricultural extension training programme in 1998. Informed by the human capital theory, this study employed an evaluative study design to assess the impact of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) mid-career BSc. Agricultural Extension and Education training programme on human capital development. The study was conducted in five agro-ecological zones, that is, Eastern, Western, Central, Southern Highlands and Lake zones in Tanzania. The development of the sampling frame was done in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MLF) and President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG). A total of 200 respondents-100 alumni and 100 farmers were sampled proportionately. A snowball sampling technique was used to replace the respondents who were selected randomly but could not be reached for interview. Data were collected from respondents through a questionnaire that covered a set of competences through analysis of the mid-career agricultural extension curriculum and consultations with public and private employers. In addition, literature review and observations were also used to supplement the collected information. The findings indicate that the agricultural training programme at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) equipped graduates with appropriate knowledge, competencies and skills that improved their job performance and productive capacities that enabled them to interact with various stakeholders and facilitate multi-stakeholders’ processes. This is in line with the purpose of establishing the programme. Hence, this points to the need for continuous human capital building and motivations of agricultural extension workers for the improvement of their performance. Key words: Mid-career, Agricultural extension workers, Curriculum, Human capital, Multi-stakeholder processes
A cross-sectional study on level of participation of women in farm decision making processes: household approach in Mzimba north, Malawi.
Authors:   Mzuzu University, Mbakaya B , Ndengu DM ,   Mzuzu University, Tembo M ,   Mzuzu University, Mbukwa C ,   Mzuzu University, Njera D ,   Mzuzu University
Published: April 2024

Against the background of low women’s participation in farm decision making processes, Malawi’s agriculture sector adapted and up- scaled Household Approach, a gender transformative tool known for its impact in enhancing participation of women in farm decision making processes. In this study, participation in farm decision making is defined as the involvement of women, men and youth in decision making process in relation to visioning, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The objective of this study was to determine level of participation of women under Household Approach in farm decision making processes. This was a cross- sectional study. Using a semi-structured interview, a quantification of the extent of participation of various gender categories in decision making in various areas was determined. Thirty- three households were purposively selected due to their participation in Household Approach. Analysis of women participation in decision making, was done by computing women’s decision score. Decision score for men and youth was also computed so that a comparison is made to women’s level of participation. Women took joint decisions in all farm decision making processes with a higher participation score in household visioning (0.91) compared to men (0.83) and youth (0.44). When it came to implementing production activities of an enterprise (maize) which is a major source of their livelihood determining fulfilment of their visions, there were significant variations among their participation score in decision making in relation to maize enterprise production (χ2 (2) = 40.282, p = 0.000) with a mean rank participation score of 25.00, 39.94 and 8.56 in men, women and youth, respectively. This implies that much as implementation of maize production activities are jointly done with men, women still do a greater part of maize production work. When it came to monitoring, women had a lower participation score (0.68) compared to men (0.81), but higher than the youth (0.33). The lower participation score in monitoring among women was due to multiple roles the women have. This study recommends that sharing of roles be encouraged among peer households. Key words: Level, Women, participation, Household Approach, Farm, Decision making, Pragmatic, Cross- sectional
Media use for Soygari: A case study of women’s behaviour to nutrition-specific information in south west Nigeria
Authors:   Sasakawa Africa Association, Fadairo AO , Akinbile LA ,   University of Ibadan, Obatolu VA ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Atser G ,   Sasakawa Africa Association, Eni I ,   Sasakawa Africa Association
Published: April 2024

Gari is the most popular form in which cassava is consumed in most households in Nigeria. However, gari is deficient in most food nutrients and its excessive consumption without supplementation leads to malnutrition. Soygari (Gari fortified with soyabean) could help reduce malnutrition if positive behaviour is elicited through appropriate Communication Media (CM). However, empirical evidence on suitable CM mix to elicit positive behaviour towards Soygari nutrition is scarce. Therefore, CM mix for behavioural change in Soygari nutrition information dissemination among rural households in southwestern Nigeria was investigated. This study evaluated the effect of consistent dosage of Soygari information on rural women’s behaviour in South Western Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design was used. Data were collected from 224 women in soybean-producing households in the region through a systematic sampling procedure. This study trained women in Soygari information for twelve weeks using podcasts (audio and video messages), and interactive (demonstrations and visual teaching methods). The study targeted change in women’s knowledge, attitude, and utilization. Empirical analyses are described in tables and percentages, while parametric tests were used to analyze a priori hypotheses. The podcast method influenced higher change in Knowledge (Δx ̅ = 2.68) and attitude (Δx ̅=5.94) of women while a higher change in utilization (Δx ̅= 7.32) was found among women exposed to the interactive method. A significant difference existed in the utilization (T = 4.018; p < 0.05) of Soygari among women exposed to the podcast and interactive methods. Both media types effectively promoted positive behavioural change towards Soygari nutrition among rural households in South western Nigeria. Audio and practical demonstration mix were most suitable. An interactive method of communication is best if the target of nutrition information is for immediate household utilization. Multiple dosages of information can be a motivation to change an already existing human behaviour even when distractions exist. Key words: Change in behaviour, Soygari, Nutrition-Specific diet, media use, Women
Let us talk about Agricultural Extension
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

I have always been interested in agricultural extension from the time I used to see extension workers visit my mum, then a peasant farmer in the village, working hard to make sure her family was always food secure. Even though her husband (my father) was out on a government job, she understood that she had to do her bit. His salary would be reserved for paying school fees for the children, putting up good housing, and providing some material goods that could put them at a certain level in society. Cash was highly valued, as it still is today. My mother was not farming to sell. Whatever excess she had would be shared with needy relatives and neighbors. With the support of extension workers who used to provide free seeds, teach how to make compost manure, and then guide farmers all the way to harvest and storage, we never lacked food except when there was a very serious famine. I remember feeling hunger pangs, at a time when we had porridge only for breakfast, no lunch, and then had a full meal at dinner. The memory of those hunger pangs is the reason why I am not happy when I hear of children going hungry for whatever reason.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP SARJANA S1 YANG BELUM BEKERJA
Authors: Akhmad Ramidi Akhmad Ramidi Ramidi
Published: April 2024

Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti ingin melihat eksistnsi para sarjana S1 yang belum mempunyai pekerjaan sesuai dengan disiplin keilmuannaya yang ada di Desa Banyu Urip Kec. Praya Barat Kab. Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori masyarakat dan persepsi sebagai pisau analisis. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti juga mengguanakan dua jenis sumber data yaitu; data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer adalah data yang bersumber dari lapangan, observasi, dan wawancara. Sedangkan data sekunder adalah jenis data yang bersumbar dari karya ilmiah baik seperti buku, artikel, dokumen atau data lainnya yang berkaitan dengan konteks penelitian. Keberadaan para sarjana S1 di Desa Banyu Urip yang masih belum memiliki pekerjaan tetap, tentu menjadi sebuah polemik dalam kehidupan social masyarakat. Hal ini ditandai dengan berbagai asumsi atau persepsi masyarakat yang sangat beragam dimana para sarjana S1 tersebut masih ada yang dilihat hanya sebatas formalitas semata, ada pula yang menilainya sebagai sebuah identitas hanya untuk meningkatkan status sosialnya di lingkungan masyarakat dan ada juga yang dilihat sebagai sebuah kesuksessan sebagai individu yang berilmu tinggi.  Namun demikian, keberadaan para sarjana di Desa Banyu Urip, masyarakat menganggap sebagai sebuah kemajuan dan dedikasi pemuda untuk memajukan kampung halamannya. Keberadaan sarjana tersebut memberikan dampak yang sangat positif bagi Desa khususnya bagi masyrakat Desa Banyu Urip.
SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN DILEMA DAULAH ISLAMIYAH (INDONESIA CERMINAN NEGARA MADINAH)
Authors: RIDHO ALI
Published: April 2024

Pergolakan bangsa yang bernuansa sosial-politik dengan menggunakan semboyan agama (baca: Islam) semenjak pasca-Orde Baru hingga sekarang tidak kunjung menemui penyelesaian. Khususnya klaim yang dilakukan oleh sebagian kelompok Islam mainstream yang mengenai bentuk negara Indonesia dan penggunaan hukum syariat hukum Islam dalam tatanan sosial-politik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) menggunakan pendekatan analisis historis, yakni suatu metode penelaahan serta sumber-sumber lain yang berisi informasi mengenai masa lampau dan dilaksanakan secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan Islam tidak memberikan kepastian aturan terkait pergantian pemimpin secara eksplisit dan detail. Apalagi menyangkut konsepsi negara yang utuh: struktur dan sistem pemerintahan, cakupan wilayah serta hal-hal teknis semacamnya. Indonesia merupakan Darul Islam, bukan Daulah Islamiyyah. Darul Islam mengacu pada wilayah yang dihuni kaum muslimin dengan segenap haknya untuk menjalankan syari’at Islam secara aman sebagaimana di masa Nabi Muhammad SAW mendirikan negara Madinah, sedangkan Daulah Islamiyyah merujuk kepada konsep negara Islam integralistik.
PENGELOLAAN DANA INFAK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI UMAT OLEH LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT, INFAQ, DAN SADAQOH NAHDATUL ULAMA (NU CARE-LAZISNU) NTB
Authors: Nurhalifah  , Sofiana Wahyuningsih
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Management of infaq funds is one of the NU CARE-LAZISNU NTB programs in carrying out social functions. infaq funds originating from the people and managed productively for the economic development of the people. Economic constraints are the background for managing this infaq fund to help Mustahiq through KoinNU (infaq boxes) which are already scattered in various offices, homes and shops in West Nusa Tenggara and cooperate with Indomart Company in supporting the NU CARE-LAZISNU NTB program in the field of economic development through infaq funds. This form of implementation of infaq fund management provides assistance to people who have Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMK) in the form of tools or goods needed to assist business production and open businesses to people who have potential or expertise by utilizing natural resources that exist around the environment. The results showed that (1) the management of infaq funds for the economic development of the people starting from planning carried out data collection of mustahiq who would receive assistance, organizing a special team to manage the infaq funds, implementation by distributing assistance to mustahiq in the form of tools and goods needed to develop businesses. and evaluation is done by controlling via cellular. (2) the obstacle in managing infaq funds for the economic development of the people is the lack of supervision of the beneficiaries because the distance and access to locations are limited so that they are not well controlled.
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HAFALAN AL-QURAN SANTRI (Study Kasus pondok Pesantren Darun Hamzanwadi NW Nusa Jaya Kecamatan Manggelewa Kabupaten Dompu)
Authors: Haerunisa Haerunisa , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study aims to determine the application of leadership management in improving the memorization of the Qur'an in students at Darun Hamzanwadi Islamic Boarding School NW Nusa Jaya. In addition, this study also aims to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing leadership management when improving the memorization of the Qur'an of students at Darun Hamzanwadi Islamic Boarding School, NW Nusa Jaya. This research is motivated by the lack of optimal leadership management in improving the memorization of the Qur'an of students. Based on the research results, Darun Hamzanwadi Islamic Boarding School NW Nusa Jaya has implemented leadership management in memorizing the Qur'an. The application of management concepts which include planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, there are supporting and inhibiting factors in memorizing the Qur'an including: Supporting factors in improving the quality of memorizing the Qur'an For students, these are: the ideal age, good time management, a comfortable place to memorize. While the inhibiting factors are Internal Factors: (1) Lack of interest and talent (2) Lack of self-motivation (3) Health that is often disturbed (4) Low intelligence. External Factors: (1) Instructors in providing guidance (2) Problems with economic capacity
PENGARUH LITERASI MANASIK UMRAH DAN PELAYANAN TERHADAP KELANCARAN DAN KEPUASAN JAMA’AH DI PT. DPRIADI BAROKAH UTAMA MATARAM
Authors: Mirnasari Dewi
Published: April 2024

This research aims to find out whether there is an influence of literacy and Umrah ritual services on the smoothness and satisfaction of congregational worship at PT. Dpriadi Barokah Utama Mataram. The research method in this research uses a quantitative approach and is a population study with 30 respondents. The data collection technique used in this research uses questionnaires and the data analysis technique in this thesis uses Validity Test, Reliability, Classical Assumption Test, Simple Regression Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it is known that there is no positive and significant influence between literacy and Umrah ritual services on the smoothness of congregational worship at PT. Dpriadi Barokah Utama Mataram. This is proven by the results of the f test which simultaneously obtained a calculated f value of 0.28 with a significance level of 0.972. The value of Ftable is 3.34, therefore the value of fcount< ftabel. Meanwhile, the influence of literacy and Umrah ritual services on congregational worship satisfaction with a significance level of 0.005 and an F value of 6.460. The f table value is 3.34. The large influence of literacy and service on congregational worship satisfaction, with the results of a coefficient of determination of 32.4% and 67.6%, is influenced by other factors not examined in this research.
PERAN LEMBAGA DAKWAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI MAHASISWA DI JURUSAN MANAJEMEN DAKWAH
Authors: Fadilah Nurul Fadilah
Published: April 2024

This research aims to find out the role of da'wah institutions in developing the potential of da'wah management students, besides that this research aims to find out how these da'wah institutions can change da'wah management students to be able to think more critically, intelligently with a personality of faith and piety. This research is motivated by the role of da'wah institutions that are less than optimal in influencing and changing students of da'wah management. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach, in which researchers use interview techniques to collect relevant data, the interviews used are online interviews. The researcher gave questions to UIN Mataram students majoring in Da'wah Management.