bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Indexing Approach	for Pond Water in Angul District, Orissa, India
Authors: Reza Rizwan , Singh Gurdeep
Published: November 2024

The study was carried out in Angul–Talcher region of Orissa to investigate the metal contamination in various ponds. In order to achieve the objective, fourteen water samples were collected from ponds during summer and winter seasons. The concentrations of trace metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Co Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Hg and Zn were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The obtained data is used for calculating the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) to know the existing water quality status of ponds. The maximum value of HPI was 79.01 and 63.83 in summer and winter season respectively, which is below the critical index limit of 100. Hg and Cr could not be detected in any sample of the study area.
Genotoxicity of Bisphenol A on Root Meristem Cells of Allium cepa:	A Cytogenetic Approach
Authors: Jadhav V.V. , Jadhav A.S. , Chandagade C.A. , Raut P.D.
Published: November 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic effect of a plasticizer, Bisphenol A (BPA). Cytogenetic damaging effect of BPA was examined through chromosomal aberrations (CA) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. In order to identify the genotoxicity effect, root meristem cells were exposed to BPA at 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015% and 0.020% for five days. Cells in the interphase and undergoing division were examined to assess the presence of Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Mitotic Index (MI), Mitotic Aberration (MA) and Micronucleus (MN) formation. At a lower concentration, i.e. 0.005% BPA induce mutagenetic alteration in the roots of A. cepa. At a higher concentration, i.e., 0.020% BPA inhibits root growth and Mitotic Index (MI). These findings are of concern, since cell damage may be transmitted to subsequent generation, possibly affecting the organism as a whole. If the damage results in cell death, the development of the organism may be affected which could lead to its death. The results are discussed in the paper.
Second Order Kinetic Model for the Adsorption of Cobalt(II) Ions	onto Two Cameroonian Clays: Kaolinite and Smectite
Authors: Ngomo Horace Manga , Abi Charles Fon , Tuemgnie Gaëlle Tatiana Ngnie , Tsobnang Patrice Kenfack , Mbadcam Joseph Ketcha
Published: November 2024

The removal of Co(II) ions by two Cameroon clays – kaolinite and smectite as adsorbents – was investigated in a batch system. The effect of Co(II) ions initial concentration, Co, pH and contact time, t, has been studied in terms of kinetic models. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo-second order kinetic model allowing the rate constant to be evaluated. This study shows that these clays could be used as important efficient adsorbent materials for the uptake of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution at low initial concentrations. This study is important for the treatment of Co(II) ions effluent where continuous removal can be achieved on a large scale.
Increasing Nitrogen Uptake and Removal Efficiency of Eichhornia	crassipes from Domestic Sewage through Dilution Culture Study
Authors: Giri A.K. , Sachan P. , Kushwaha S. , Singh M.P. , Verma S.
Published: November 2024

Effluent from an urban pond receiving domestic sewage for many decades was investigated. The chemical analysis of sewage of the pond revealed very high concentrations of BOD, COD, total N, NH $_4^ +$ -N at alkaline pH with very low concentration of DO and caused stunted growth of Eichhornia crasspes. Hence, biomass productions by E. crassipes in different rate of diluted cultures, sewage with tap water were studied. The plant recorded significantly (p < 0.01) increased biomass production, N uptake efficiency as well as N removal efficiency in two times dilution than undiluted sewage culture. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among different rate of dilutions for net biomass production (F = 58.13), N uptake efficiency (F = 89.80) and N removal efficiency (F = 18.61) by E. crassipes at the end of two months culture study.
Quantitative Analysis of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 Emission from Thailand	Industries
Authors: Sriruang Varittha , Pumijumnong Nathsuda , Nutmagul Winai , Surapipith Vanisa
Published: November 2024

This study is a documented research work that determines the emission quantities of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 in Thailand. The information included in this study is comprised of secondary data that have been collected from relevant government agency sources and the results of a field survey. The field survey provides information about the production process, the production output, and the emission factors for each specific production process, extracted from the Revised 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories, Volume 3. The effect of the use of HFC-134a in the manufacturing and servicing of household refrigerators and automobile air-conditionings was calculated during 2001–2006 and the results indicated that the direct emission of HFCs based on CO $_2$ and carbon equivalent was 59,280,394 and 16,300,616 MT carbon, respectively. Similarly, the effect of the use of SF6 in the manufacture was calculated during 2001-2006 and the results indicated that the direct emission of SF6 based on CO2 and carbon equivalent was 29,473 and 8038 MT carbon, respectively. The direct emission was calculated from the amount of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 that had leaked or had purged directly into the atmosphere. It was found that the direct emissions from manufacturing and servicing refrigerator had increased and the different emissions depend on the amount of GHG that was converted which was compared to the amount of equivalent CO $_2$ .
Plasma Pyrolysis/Gasification of Cotton Waste and Energy Recovery	Possibilities
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Joshi Asim
Published: November 2024

In this study of plasma pyrolysis of cotton, main focus was drawn on the energy recovery possibilities by generating Syn gas (H $_2$ + CO) by thermal pyrolysis and gasification (cracking) of cotton through plasma as heat source. Through GC analysis, we concluded that plasma pyrolysis of cotton in temperature range of 500 to 700°C yields H2 as main component around 15–25% volume basis and other compounds like CO, CO $_2$ , CH $_4$ , C $_2$ H $_6$ , C $_2$ H $_4$ , C2H2 and soot (carbon). Dioxin and furan formation do not take place as we worked in higher temperature ranges and then provided sudden fast quenching to avoid De-Nevo synthesis. The theoretical and experimental energy recovery comparisons have also been done and shown.
A Comparative Study of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Isolates	from Industrially Polluted and Unpolluted Water
Authors: Mohan Divya , Philip Suja , Mathew Jyothis
Published: November 2024

The antibiotic resistance shown by bacterial isolates from aquatic sources was studied. Resistance towards ampicillin was higher compared to the other antibiotics viz. amikacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline. Compared to the isolates from unpolluted water sources the isolates from industrially polluted water showed higher incidence of resistance towards antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was compared. Incidence of multiple drug resistance to three or more drugs was more in isolates from polluted water. The results suggest that industrially polluted water bodies can act as reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria from where they can spread to the environment.
Characterization, Physicochemical and Biological Treatment of	Sweet Whey (Major Pollutant in Dairy Effluent)
Authors: Baroudi Moomen , Kabbout Rana , Bakkour Hiba , Dabboussi Fouad , Taha Samir , Halwani Jalal
Published: November 2024

The sweet whey resulting from cheese production is the most polluting among all types of dairy waste waters given that it contains a huge quantity of organic biodegradable matters. In this study, we realize a physicochemical treatment of sweet whey, by coagulation-flocculation using aluminum sulphate as a coagulant and sodium alginate as flocculent and a biological treatment in suspension, using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp.

The physicochemical treatment by coagulation-flocculation has reduced 33% of the chemical oxygen demand, 45% of the turbidity, 72% of suspended matter and 20% of total phosphorus. The biological treatment has reduced considerably all the studied parameters; the organic charge determined by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) has received a very significant reduction upto 90% using Pseudomonas fluorescens during 20 days. On the other side, the biological treatment realized with Bacillus spp. was less effective, reduced the COD with 54% under the same conditions of the treatment by Pseudomonas fluorescens and for the same period. But these two bacteria are equally effective in reducing the total nitrogen TN (92% reduction/20 days).

This work presents a biotechnology for the treatment of sweet whey. It's an economic method, simple and environment friendly.
Assessment of Significant Sources Influencing the Variation of	Water Quality of the River Damodar through Factor Analysis
Authors: Banerjee U.S. , Gupta S.
Published: November 2024

In the present study, a large environmental data matrix, obtained during one year monitoring programme of 18 parameters at 16 different sites, subjected to factor analysis (FA) to study the geochemical status and to discriminate the different pollution sources of the river Damodar. Various physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), ammonia (NH $_4^ +$ ), chloride (Cl $^-$ ), nitrate (NO $_3^ -$ ), sulphate (SO $_4^{2-}$ ), phosphate (PO $_4^{3-}$ ), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) were determined following the standard methods of APHA (1998). The average concentrations (μg/l) of the heavy metals in the water are Fe (598.4) > Pb (2.813) > Mn (1.369) > Cd (0.538). Factor analysis reveals four factors like industrial effluents, geogenic sources, agricultural activities and natural factors controlling the variability in waters of the river Damodar. The study of cluster analysis classified monitoring sites (16) into three clusters i.e., relatively less polluted, moderately polluted and highly polluted area. These results indicate that heavy metal pollution and toxicity might pose serious risks to the health of communities using these surface waters for domestic, commercial and socio-cultural purposes. It is, therefore, recommended that more strict methods of waste effluent management should be adopted to reduce further inputs into the study area.
Spatio-temporal Variations in Nutrient Supply of the Brantas River	to Madura Strait Coastal Waters, Java, Indonesia, Related to Human Alterations	in the Catchment and a Mud Volcano
Authors: Jänen Ingo , Adi Seno , Jennerjahn Tim C.
Published: November 2024

The Brantas River is a tropical mid-sized river with mountainous headwaters, covering a catchment area of around 11,050 km $^2$ at the east coast of Java, Indonesia. Its watershed is located in one of the most densely populated regions worldwide, facing alterations by agriculture, urbanization and aquaculture ponds. Additionally, one of the two major distributaries of the Brantas River in the lowlands, the Porong River is affected by inputs from the "LUSI" mud volcano since April 2006. We investigated spatio-temporal variations in inorganic nutrient biogeochemistry of the Brantas River, its major distributaries in the lower reaches and its coastal-estuarine regions and related them to land use and hydrology.

Highest nutrient loadings occurred during the wet periods (November to April) making up 80% and 87% of the annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NO $_3^-$ , NO $_2^-$ , NH $_4^ +$ ) and phosphorus (PO $_4^{3-}$ ) loads, respectively, with the Porong River accounting for 90% and 82% of the annual DIN and PO $_4^{3-}$ input. During wet periods the estuaries were flushed with DIN and PO $_4^{3-}$ rich freshwater, leading to high concentrations in coastal waters. Much lower nutrient concentrations were observed in coastal waters during dry periods because of low river discharge and nutrient load. During dry periods an increased exchange time and increased biological activity were responsible for estuaries acting as a sink for NO $_3^-$ and a source for NH $_4^ +$ and PO $_4^{3-}$ . In contrast, during wet periods most of the introduced NO $_3^-$ was directly discharged into coastal waters without further processing and NH $_4^ +$ and PO $_4^{3-}$ fluxes were slightly lower. Variations in the DIN composition were mainly related to differences in land use with NO $_3^-$ dominating the agriculture-dominated upper Brantas River and increasing NH $_4^ +$ and NO $_2^-$ content in the lower reaches affected by urban wastewater and aquaculture. The mud volcano affected parts of the Porong River showed drastic changes in the DIN composition and depletion of dissolved oxygen during low flow periods. In contrast, during wet periods most of the mud volcano input was diluted by the large freshwater and inorganic nutrient supply from the upstream regions. Our results suggest that the densely urbanized Brantas River with multiple anthropogenic nutrient sources (agriculture, urban sewage release, aquacultures) leads to an increased export of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus into coastal waters. The enhanced nutrient export supports nutrient enrichment in coastal waters, can possibly affect the phytoplankton production and composition, leading to eutrophication within nearshore regions of the Madura Strait.
Arsenic in Coconut Water: A Case Study
Authors: Safiullah S. , Mahamud-Ul-Hoque M. , Sabur M.A. , Haque M. Emdadul
Published: November 2024

Coconut water samples collected from both high and low ground water arsenic contaminated area were analyzed and it was observed that concentration of arsenic varies from 0.000 to 0.170 ppm. Arsenic concentration in the coconut water of Char Bhabanathpur (Sonargaon), one of the most arsenic affected zones in Bangladesh, ranges from 0.005 to 0.170 ppm with an average value of 0.070 ppm, whereas zero or sometimes trace arsenic concentrations were observed in the coconut water of both Manikganj and Dinajpur Sadar. In our study, we notice that the concentration of arsenic in coconut water is related to the age of coconut where the concentration of arsenic increases linearly from baby coconut to matured coconut. The arsenic concentrations in soil adjacent to the coconut trees in Char Bhabanathpur area shows a positive correlation with the arsenic concentrations in coconut water but interestingly the trend does not exist in case of other two study areas. This indicates that bioaccumulation of arsenic at least in case of coconut has a strong relationship with the biogeochemistry of the relevant soil.
Spatial Modelling for Nitrogen Leaching from Intensive Farming in	Red River Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Mai V.T. , Hoanh C.T. , Van Keulen H. , Hessel R.
Published: November 2024

In this study, a spatial dynamic model was developed, to simulate nitrogen dynamics in Van Hoi commune, Tam Duong district, Vietnam, for different soil and land use types, under different irrigation and fertilizer regimes. The model has been calibrated using measured nitrogen concentrations in soil solution in March and August 2004 and validated for data from March and August 2005. Lateral flow was low in this level area. Percolation was the main process leading to high nitrogen leaching losses to ground water. Calculated annual leaching losses varied from 88 to 122 kg N ha $^{-1}$ in flowers, 64 to 82 in vegetables of the cabbage group, 51 to 76 in chili, 56 to 75 in vegetables of the squash group, and 36 to 55 in rice.
Effects of Re-suspended Roadside Dusts and Its Elemental	Constituents on the Phylloplane Microflora
Authors: Ram S.S. , Majumder S. , Kumar R.V. , Chaudhuri P. , Chanda S. , Santra S.C. , Maiti P.K. , Mukhopadhyay U.K. , Sudarshan M. , Chakraborty A.
Published: November 2024

In the present paper the effect of traffic generated dust pollution on phylloplane microflora of Polyalthia longifolia was studied. More dust and absence of micro-flora especially fungi was observed in the leaves from roadside site unlike that of non-roadside site. Elemental profiling of dust on leaves has shown the presence of trace elements like Al, Si, Cl, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn and toxic elements like As and Hg. Presence of such elements in dust may be attributed to retardation of micro-flora on leaf surfaces exposed to traffic generated dust particulates.
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphate in the Human Affected Blackwater River Siak, Central Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Baum Antje , Rixen Tim
Published: November 2024

Increases in domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents have nearly doubled global riverine N and P fluxes into the coastal ocean during the last few decades. Indonesian rivers were modelled to be one global "hot spot" with respect to N and P yields (kg km $^{-2}$ yr $^{-1}$ ) as a consequence of large-scale deforestation, intensive agriculture, urbanization and wastewater disposal. The objectives of this field study were (i) to identify sources of dissolved nutrients and (ii) to investigate the impact of anthropogenic activities on nutrient levels in the peat-draining blackwater river Siak. During seven expeditions between 2004 and 2009 dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO $_3^-$ , NO $_2^-$ , NH $_4^+$ and PO $_4^{3-}$ ), chlorophyll-a (chl a), particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM, DOM) and stable carbon isotopes (δ $^{13}$ C $_{org}$ ) of POM were determined along the river continuum as well as in urban sewage channels. The results showed that the Siak is a classical blackwater river characterized by high levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and low nutrient concentrations. Nevertheless, compared to other tropical blackwater rivers, nutrient concentrations are enriched indicating that the Siak is eutrophied. Decomposition of DOM leached from the surrounding peat soils is one factor controlling the DIN and the PO $_4^{3-}$ concentration in the Siak. Wastewater discharges increased especially the PO $_4^{3-}$ concentrations, which exceed the background concentration locally by a factor >4. The washout of N-fertilizers from palm oil estates seems to be a main factor influencing the DIN concentration and could even double the riverine DIN concentration as seen in March, 2004.
Biomarkers in the Siak River System, E. Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Liebezeit Gerd , Wöstmann Ralf , Ziehe Daniel
Published: November 2024

A total of 33 plant species and 122 surface sediments were obtained from March 2004 to November 2008 in the Siak River system including its major tributaries and coastal areas. Grain size distribution shows the sediments to be sands to silt with a general trend of coarser sediments in the upper reaches and fi ner ones in the estuary. The expected linear relationship between the content of organic carbon and the mud fraction of the sediments (<63 μm) is distorted by input of (a) clay-sized, organic-poor material from river bank erosion and (b) input of coarse plant detritus. All samples were analysed for n-alkanes and steroids. For all plant samples and a limited number of sediment samples, fatty acids were also determined. The data indicate a variety of organic carbon sources, the dominant one being river bank vegetation. Urban and industrial discharges, peat erosion and atmospheric deposition of black carbon and biomarkers might also play a role in controlling the lipid composition of the sedimentary organic carbon pool.
Heavy Metal Concentration in Soils from Enyimba Dumpsite in Aba,	Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Akobundu N.
Published: November 2024

The manner in which municipal wastes generated are disposed in most urban areas in Nigeria is worrisome. The upsurge in population density and its resultant increase in urbanization and industrialization and the amount of waste generated in Aba, are of great concern. The objective of this research is to evaluate the concentration of some heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Enyimba dumpsite in Aba, Nigeria. Thirty soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for some heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and multivariate statistical techniques. Twenty-fi ve of the samples were obtained from the vicinity of the dumpsite while fi ve samples are collected far away from the dumpsite to serve as control samples. The overall decreasing metal concentration in the dumpsite soil is: Cd > Co > Cu > Zn > As > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr. A positive correlation exists between Cd and organic matter (r=0.598). Geo-accumulation index and contamination factor showed a moderate contaminated with Cd only while the other metals are in their uncontaminated level. Factor analysis revealed four major components accounting for 78.82% of cumulative variance of the contamination: Cd, Cu, Co and organic matter; Pb, Zn and pH; Mn, As, clay + silt and fi nally Cr and Ni. From the above observations, it is evident that only Cd showed more pronounced level of pollution than any other metal. The need to replace open dumpsites with well designed sanitary landfi lls is advocated.
Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton Diversity in Relation to	Eutrophication of Mathura Beel, a Floodplain Lake in West Bengal, India
Authors: Maiti Sudipta Kumar , Saha Sarmistha , Adkikary Suman , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha , Saha Tapan
Published: November 2024

Current study deals with the phytoplankton structure and seasonal variation in Mathura Beel (wetland), a floodplain lake in Gangetic plane of West Bengal, India. The generic composition of phytoplankton was studied monthly during August 2008 to February 2011. All the relevant calculations were done according to three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. A total of 96 species belonging to 87 genera were identified under six algal classes. Chlorophyceae showed their maximum species diversity with 45% whereas the Cyanophycean algae showed maximum relative density i.e. 93.11% throughout the study period with Microcystis aeruginosa (45.08%) followed by Aphanocapsa rosena (15.53%). Phytoplankton species of Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Dinophyceae were negligible in number. Maximum and minimum phytoplankton diversity was found in post-monsoon (H' = 0.38) and pre-monsoon (H' = 0.09) respectively. Cyanophycean algae (D = 0.97) dominated in pre-monsoon season. The temperature increased upto 2°C in pre-monsoon season during the study period. Dominance of cyanophycean algae (Microcystis sp.) has been found to be the main reason of eutrophication in Mathura beel.
Understanding Levels and Sources of PAHs in Water of Bharalu	Tributary of the Brahmaputra River
Authors: Hussain Karishma , Rajbangshi Rajesh , Hoque Raza Rafiqul
Published: November 2024

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in Bharalu River water of Guwahati city area during two seasons of 2012-2013. Water samples of seven representative locations were analysed for USEPA's priority 16 PAHs. PAHs were extracted from water samples by organic-aqueous partitioning and were cleaned up by a silica column. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the PAHs were performed by HPLC. Concentrations of Σ $_{16}$ PAHs were found to be in the range 3.351-72.893 ng/ml. When compared with other studies elsewhere, levels of the present study were found to be on higher side. Profiles of PAHs were dominated by 3-, 4- and 5-ring compounds. Flan, Pyr, BaA, Chry, BkF, IP and Σ $_{16}$ PAHs showed good correlations with OC and TC. Sources of PAHs were empirically explored on the basis of diagnostic ratios, which indicated for pyrogenic sources mainly from diesel, gasoline, coal and wood combustion. Petrogenic signature ratios of PAHs were also found.
Preparation of Water Absorbing Pavement Material from Fly Ash
Authors: Kar B.B. , Dash S.K.
Published: November 2024

Fly ash generated from thermal power plants are considered to be a major environmental pollutant due to the toxic material. As per the recent development, fly ash presently is getting dumped as a waste. Being highly fine in nature, it has got high contribution in air pollution and water pollution. Many attempts have been made to utilize fly ash in various aspects such as mine filling, preparation of bricks, different concretes, textiles and many other applications. In concrete most of the research are concentrating on preparation of high tensile strength concrete which can't absorb water into it. In the present study, an attempt has been made to prepare a pavement composite which can absorb water. It has been found that utilization of such a composite material for the purpose of pavement preparation will help for groundwater recharging.
Aquatic Toxicity of Antibiotic Contaminant Doxycycline	Hydrochloride on Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Wu Liang , Wang Jie , Zhang Ying , Wang Lumei , Ye Jing
Published: November 2024

Veterinary antibiotics have been used extensively in many countries to treat diseases and protect the health of animals. As they are poorly adsorbed in the gut of the animals, the majority of antibiotics are excreted unchanged in faeces and urine. Therefore, antibiotic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems may pose physiological effects on aquatic lives. In the present study, growth inhibition and oxidative damage in cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to doxycycline hydrochloride were investigated. The results showed that doxycycline hydrochloride could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa under laboratory conditions. The inhibition percentages after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposure at the concentration of 1 mg/L were 8.13%, 16.49%, 39.56% and 55.31%, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in M. aeruginosa were stimulated by doxycycline hydrochloride after 24 h exposure under a series of concentrations. The results are useful for environmental assessment of antibiotics. Besides, it is also helpful for guiding the application of doxycycline hydrochloride in agricultural settings.
Physical, Chemical and Biological Parameters of Water from Medical	Waste Dumpsites in South-Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbo Marian Isi , Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi
Published: November 2024

Water pollution by effluent has become a question of considerable public and scientific concern in the light of evidence of their extreme toxicity to human health and to biological ecosystems. Hospital wastewater poses serious health hazard to healthworkers, the general public and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the physical, chemical and biological parameters of hospital wastewater in South-Western Niger Delta, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from the Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Irrua Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Stella Obasanjo Hospital, Benin City, Edo State and Central Hospital, Warri, Delta State and from general (non-medical) dumpsites in all the locations where the medical wastes were collected, and these served as controls. The water samples collected were analyzed using standard techniques. There was no significant difference in physical, chemical and biological qualities of water from medical and non-medical waste dumpsites (P > 0.05). The only organism isolated was Bacillus species while Aspergillus species was the only fungi found in this study with total counts within acceptable limits. Medical and non-medical wastes do not have significant impact on physical and chemical properties of surface water.
Hydro-geochemistry and Water Quality Assessment of Surface and	Groundwater Resources of Deogarh District, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Mondal G.C. , Mahato Mukesh Kumar , Singh T.B.
Published: November 2024

The hydrogeochemical study of surface and sub-surface water resources of Deogarh district of Jharkhand state was undertaken to assess major ion chemistry and water quality in relation to domestic and irrigation uses. Analytical results show mildly acidic to alkaline nature of water and dominance of Ca $^{2+}$ and Na $^+$ in cationic and HCO $_3^-$ and Cl $^-$ in anionic abundance. In general, alkaline earth elements (Ca $^{2+}$ +Mg $^{2+}$ ) exceed alkalies (Na $^+$ +K $^+$ ) and weak acids dominate (HCO $_3^-$ ) over strong acids (SO $_4^{2-}$ +Cl $^-$ ) in majority of water samples. Ca-Mg-HCO $_3$ is the dominant hydrochemical facies both in surface and groundwater of the area. Weathering of rock forming minerals and ion exchange processes mainly controlled solute chemistry with secondary contribution from anthropogenic sources. Assessments of water quality for drinking purposes pointed that majority of water samples are suitable for drinking. Concentration of TDS, TH, F $^-$ , Cl $^-$ and NO $_3^-$ are exceeding desirable levels prescribed for drinking water at some sites. However, these parameters are well within the maximum permissible limit except for some cases. SAR, RSC, %Na, MH and PI values suggest that both surface and groundwater are good for irrigation uses except at some sites, where salinity, MH and PI values are higher than the prescribed levels.
Innovative Teaching Materials for Balaghah: Enhancing Literary Appreciation through Syawahid Adabiyah in Ilmu Badi'
Authors: Ulin Nuha Muhammad Afthon , Ahmad Fikri Amrullah  , Rizka Widayanti  , Ida Fauziatun Nisa’  , Murdiono Murdiono
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop innovative teaching materials for Balaghah and Ilmu Badi' using Syawahid Adabiyah to enhance literary appreciation among students in the Arabic Language Education Program at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. The term "Syawahid Adabiyah" refers to examples from literary texts that serve as a foundation for understanding the beauty and intricacies of language, making it a valuable resource for students. This study formulates two main research questions: 1) What are the steps for developing and assessing the feasibility of Ilmu Badi's teaching materials? 2) What is the effectiveness of these developed materials in improving students' literary appreciation? To address these questions, the research employs the Research and Development (R&D) model by Borg and Gall, focusing on contextual and varied teaching materials that integrate literary examples as learning media. The results are expected to demonstrate that the developed materials are viable and significantly enhance students' interest and skills in analyzing and creating beautiful literary works. This study contributes positively to the broader field of Arabic language education in Indonesia by providing a comprehensive approach that combines theory and practice.
StreamAdapter: Efficient Test Time Adaptation from Contextual Streams
Authors: Muhtar Dilxat , Shen Yelong , Yang Yaming , Liu Xiaodong , Lu Yadong , Liu Jianfeng , Zhan Yuefeng , Sun Hao , Deng Weiwei , Sun Feng , Zhang Xueliang , Gao Jianfeng , Chen Weizhu , Zhang Qi
Published: November 2024

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks directly from the given demonstrations without requiring gradient updates. While recent advances have expanded context windows to accommodate more demonstrations, this approach increases inference costs without necessarily improving performance. To mitigate these issues, We propose StreamAdapter, a novel approach that directly updates model parameters from context at test time, eliminating the need for explicit in-context demonstrations. StreamAdapter employs context mapping and weight absorption mechanisms to dynamically transform ICL demonstrations into parameter updates with minimal additional parameters. By reducing reliance on numerous in-context examples, StreamAdapter significantly reduce inference costs and allows for efficient inference with constant time complexity, regardless of demonstration count. Extensive experiments across diverse tasks and model architectures demonstrate that StreamAdapter achieves comparable or superior adaptation capability to ICL while requiring significantly fewer demonstrations. The superior task adaptation and context encoding capabilities of StreamAdapter on both language understanding and generation tasks provides a new perspective for adapting LLMs at test time using context, allowing for more efficient adaptation across scenarios and more cost-effective inference.
Deep Learning-Based CKM Construction with Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Xu Xiaoli , Zeng Yong
Published: November 2024

Channel knowledge map (CKM) is a novel technique for achieving environment awareness, and thereby improving the communication and sensing performance for wireless systems. A fundamental problem associated with CKM is how to construct a complete CKM that provides channel knowledge for a large number of locations based solely on sparse data measurements. This problem bears similarities to the super-resolution (SR) problem in image processing. In this letter, we propose an effective deep learning-based CKM construction method that leverages the image SR network known as SRResNet. Unlike most existing studies, our approach does not require any additional input beyond the sparsely measured data. In addition to the conventional path loss map construction, our approach can also be applied to construct channel angle maps (CAMs), thanks to the use of a new dataset called CKMImageNet. The numerical results demonstrate that our method outperforms interpolation-based methods such as nearest neighbour and bicubic interpolation, as well as the SRGAN method in CKM construction. Furthermore, only 1/16 of the locations need to be measured in order to achieve a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.1 dB in path loss.
ANALISIS ALTMAN Z-SCORE UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN
Authors: Nofitasari Heni , Nurulrahmatia Nafisah
Published: November 2024

This study aims to predict bankruptcy in pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX for the 2015-2019 period using the Altman Z-Score method. The research method used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies in the pharmaceutical sub-sector consumer goods industry which consisted of 9 companies listed on the IDX from 2015 to 2019 with a sample of 4 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research instrument used in this research is financial statements. The data collection technique used was literature study and the data analysis technique used was the one-sample t-test. The results of this study prove that by using the Altman Z-Score analysis method, it is known that pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX for the 2015-2019 period are predicted not to have the potential to experience bankruptcy because the average Z value ? 1.81. this means that pharmaceutical companies are in a prone condition of bankruptcy to health.
TANTANGAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DI TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Anggraini Winda Ayu , Rosidah Euis
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the business challenges of small, micro, and medium enterprises in Tasikmalaya. This study uses a case study method using triangulation at Sale Pusaka which produces banana sale products. Sale Pusaka is located in Cibanteng Village, Tasikmalaya and has been producing banana sale since 1979. The results of the study explain that Sale Pusaka faces business challenges in the form of a limited financing structure, management of marketing strategies that are not optimal, preparation of financial reports that are not adequate and the availability of quality human resources which is lacking. The solution that researchers can submit in facing these challenges is to open up additional opportunities by applying for credit, updating the quality of resources and adding workers for the business’s continuity. In addition, researchers suggest that Sale Pusaka remain focused and diligent in managing their business consistently and sustainably by producing daily, routine promotions and evaluations.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Tradisi Suroan pada Masyarakat Jawa
Authors: Usman Mudyo  , Arlina
Published: November 2024

One of the combinations of Javanese traditions with Islamic teachings is the Suroan tradition.  Suroan is an activity that is often carried out by ancestors to pray to avoid anger, danger, plague, disease and others, of course there are Islamic educational values in it. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Suroan tradition and analyze the values of Islamic education in the Suroan tradition in Sumberejo Village, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used in this study used observation, interview and documentation analysis techniques. The results of this study found the existence of Islamic education values in every activity of the Suroan tradition which cannot be separated from the main points of Islamic education values, namely the value of Akidah, Ibadah and Akhlak education. This research is recommended to the community so that they can maintain traditions, especially the Suroan tradition, especially the Javanese community, so that these traditions do not disappear as the times develop
EDUKASI DETEKSI DINI KEHAMILAN BERISIKO PADA IBU HAMIL DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN GRATIS
Authors: Andriani Liza , Ernita Lisa , Febria Chyka , Yasti Miftah Amalia , Anggraini Yuliza , Selvia Frada , Nazwa Aprillia Nurul , Qalbani Hazzahra
Published: November 2024

Kabupaten Sijunjung memiliki AKI yang cukup tinggi pada tahun 2020 yaitu 143,3 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan pada tahun 2022 menyumbang 5 kasus kematian maternal. Perbaikan kesehatan masyarakat perlu ditingkatkan khususnya kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan kader kesehatan tentang  deteksi dini kehamilan berisiko dan meningkatkan cakupan kunjungan ANC sehingga bisa menurunkan angka kematian ibu. PKM ini menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab terkait penyuluhan dengan tema edukasi deteksi dini kehamilan berisiko pada ibu hamil dan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis dilaksanakan di Kenagarian Sumpur Kudus Kabupaten Sijunjung dengan pendekatan analisis situasi dan masalah. Hasil kegiatan diperoleh sebagian besar (86%) ibu hamil telah melakukan kunjungan secara teratur ke puskesmas dan kurang dari setengah (40%) kader dan ibu hamil memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah tentang deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi. Disimpulkan tingkat pengetahuan, motivasi dan perilaku masyarakat tentang deteksi dini kehamilan berisiko pada ibu hamil masih kurang, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan, edukasi dan sosialisasi tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak khususnya deteksi dini kehamilan yang berisiko.
Hospitalization of Pediatric Patients with Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer in Brazil’s National Health System from 2008 to 2023
Authors: Lima Ricardo Barbosa , Bispo Stefany Santana , Fontes Nathan Henrique de Santana , Santos Everton Guilherme Jesus dos , Sobral Talita Silva , Sarmento Aquiles Sales Craveiro , Gomes Breno Gustavo do Nascimento , Garcia Silas Zambaldi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Pediatric cancer patients often need inpatient admissions due to treatment or complications, but this variable was notsystematically evaluated in Brazil’s public health services. Objective: To evaluate inpatient admissions of children and adolescents withoral and pharyngeal cancer in the Brazilian public healthcare system. Method: Population-based approach study from 2008 to 2023 of the annual hospitalizations recovered and normalized per 1,000,000 inhabitants aged 0-19 years (person-year incidence), in addition to the annual deaths, hospital mortality (%), length of hospital stay (days), costs (R$), and conditions (elective or urgent). The significance level was adjusted to 5%, according to Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression models. Results: From 2008 to 2023, 24,662 inpatient admissions were approved, 50.5% of which classified as urgent. The incidence was 395 per 1,000,000 0-19 aged children. During this period, 626 deaths were reported, representing 2.5% of all hospitalizations. Moreover, the mean length of stay was 5.8 days and the mean cost was R$ 1,526.87. There was a decreasing time trend in the incidence of hospitalizations of children and adolescents (both p < 0.001). The incidence and hospital mortality were significantly lower among children and adolescents compared to other age groups (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Over the last 16 years, an important number of inpatient admissions of children and adolescents with oral and pharyngeal cancer in the Brazilian public healthcare system was recorded, revealing specific patterns of hospital morbidity.
The creation of the Indonesian TreeTagger for use in LancsBox and CQPweb
Authors: Prihantoro Prihantoro
Published: November 2024

TreeTagger is a multilingual tagger capable of performing headword and POS tagging. However, before the completion of this project, Indonesian had not been supported. Thus, corpus query systems employing TreeTagger as a subsystem, such as CQPweb v.3.3.10 and LancsBox v.5, were incapable of annotating Indonesian texts. This context leads to the following research: 1) develop Indonesian language support for TreeTagger, 2) evaluate its performance, and 3) integrate the support into two popular corpus query systems, namely CQPweb and LancsBox, and demonstrate its functionalities. The research procedure can be concisely summarised as follows: training, annotation and evaluation, and incorporation. A pre-annotated corpus and lexicon were used in the training process. Headwords for the lexicon and corpus were semi-automatically added using MorphInd, augmented with expert revisions. The training produced an Indonesian TreeTagger parameter file, whose accuracy for POS and headword annotation was 96 per cent and 91 percent respectively. The parameter file has been incorporated into LancsBox v.6 and CQPweb 3.3.11, enabling support for the Indonesian language.
Analisis Risiko Pajanan Gas Karbon Monoksida pada Petugas Parkir di Pusat Perbelanjaan X Surabaya
Authors: Devy Ayu Puspita , Rachmaniyah  , Sari Ernita , Khambali
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Kendaraan bermotor yang masuk dan keluar area parkir pusat perbelanjaan X Surabaya menghasilkan emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor yaitu gas karbon monoksida. Petugas parkir yang berada di area parkir dapat terpajan gas karbon monoksida yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan petugas parkir. Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat risiko paparan gas karbon monoksida pada petugas parkir di pusat perbelanjaan X Surabaya. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional dan menggunakan pendekatan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Sampel yang digunakan adalah total populasi sebanyak 34 orang. Pengambilan sampel gas CO dilakukan di area parkir pusat perbelanjaan X Surabaya. Hasil: pengukuran rata-rata konsentrasi gas CO di area parkir adalah 1,589 ppm. Konsentrasi gas CO dibawah Nilai ambang Batas (NAB) berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2018. Nilai intake tertinggi yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan sebesar 0,159 mg/kg/hari dan tingkat risiko yang didapatkan 0,174 (RQ ≤ 1). Kesimpulan: paparan gas CO di area parkir pusat perbelanjaan X Surabaya RQ ≤ 1 aman atau tidak berisiko terhadap gangguan kesehatan petugas parkir.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ І АНАЛІЗУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Андрушкевич Н. В. , Телепенько О. В. , Тараненко А. А.
Published: November 2024

Важливою характеристикою потенціалу підприємства є взаємозамінність і збалансованість його складових. Хоча баланс потенційних компонентів, що є запорукою його успішного функціонування, потребує комплексного догляду та прагне до абсолютності як у просторі, так і в часі, взаємозамінність завжди відносна, обмежена і залежить від економічної ситуації, рівня розвитку та особливостей господарювання. система. Функціональне поєднання складових компонентів потенціалу, кожна з яких складається з окремих частин, реалізується через численні прямі та зворотні матеріально-інформаційні зв’язки, що підтверджує його комплексність. Удосконалення та поглиблення зв’язків між складовими потенціалу підприємства, а також їх інтеграція є ключовими факторами розвитку та критеріями прогресу. Оптимальне використання економічного потенціалу сільськогосподарських підприємств в умовах нестабільності національної та світової економіки вимагає досягнення оптимальної пропорційності та збалансованості розвитку всіх елементів потенціалу підприємств, орієнтуючись на основні параметри економічного зростання: стабільно високі темпи, обсягів абсолютних приростів, структурних змін у виробництві відповідних видів продукції та забезпеченні їх якості. Здатність підприємства досягати поставленої мети та отримувати заплановані результати фінансово-господарської діяльності, зберігаючи здатність до розвитку, є його потенціалом. Визначення потенціалу підприємства нерозривно пов’язане зі структурою його ресурсів. Саме ресурсну структуру потенціалу розглядає більшість дослідників, виокремлюючи при цьому різну кількість його складових. Ресурсний підхід визначає економічний потенціал підприємства як систему ресурсів, у результаті взаємодії яких досягаються поставлені цілі фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати та обґрунтувати структуру та особливості формування економічного потенціалу сільськогосподарських підприємств. Проведено категоріальний аналіз різновидів термінології «ресурси» та «потенціал підприємства». У статті представлено розроблений авторами алгоритм процесу оптимізації структури економічного потенціалу сільськогосподарських підприємств, а також необхідність урахування галузевої специфіки при аналізі економічного потенціалу сільськогосподарських підприємств.
СТАН ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ: ОБЛІКОВИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Лагутін С. С.
Published: November 2024

Стаття розглядає проблему облікового забезпечення зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємств України. На основі вивчення нормативних джерел та наукових робіт українських та іноземних вчених-економістів з’ясовано значення поняття «зовнішньоекономічна діяльність» в контексті обліку і контролю як господарської діяльності економічних суб’єктів в межах кількох юрисдикцій із перетином митного кордону між ними, що потребує облікового оформлення та оцінки відповідно до регулювання та вимірників вартості, прийнятих в таких юрисдикціях, із подальшим їх узгодженням. Для встановлення пріоритетів облікового забезпечення досліджено стан зовнішньоекономічної діяльності українських підприємств за даними Державної служби статистики та Національного банку України. Встановлено, що Україна має від’ємний платіжний баланс, імпорт переважає експорт майже протягом усього періоду незалежності. Вплив війни в Україні значно збільшив цю різницю. Нині держава має високий рівень залежності від імпорту, зокрема, енергоресурсів, продуктів хімічної промисловості, високотехнологічної продукції. Натомість у товарній структурі експорту переважає продукція сільського господарства, зокрема, зернові та олійні культури та продукти їх переробки, а також чорні метали та їх руди. На основі таких даних зроблено висновок про низьку технологічність та ресурсоорієнтованість української економіки. Однак у структурі експортованих послуг найбільшу частку займають послуги у сфері інформаційних технологій та ділові послуги. Аналіз прямих іноземних інвестицій показав нетипову ситуацію, коли найбільшими інвесторами в Україну виступають країни, які визнані офшорними зонами. Також маємо від’ємні показники прямих іноземних інвестицій із України. За підсумками проведеного аналізу, визначено, що пріоритетами облікового забезпечення зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємств України є підвищення загального рівня довіри і порозуміння, а також прозорості і керованості серед господарюючих суб’єктів, що могло б стати основою зростання технологічної української економіки.