bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A long‐term prospective cross‐lagged study of gender‐typed play and mental transformation in children
Authors: Wong Wang Ivy , Shi Sylvia Yun , Li Gu , Ng Pak Ho
Published: December 2024

Gender‐typed play may contribute to gender disparities in spatial skills, but evidence of this link is limited. Gender‐typed play and mental transformation, an important spatial skill, were studied using age‐appropriate and comprehensive measures. Chinese children were tested at 5–6 years and at 11–14 years (N = 210), creating a long‐term data set considering bidirectional associations. Play and mental transformation showed moderate to large gender differences. Importantly, boy‐typical play positively predicted mental transformation, while girl‐typical play negatively predicted it. Results were largely consistent across gender and socioeconomic status and when play was coded by spatialness. They suggest that play is an important socialization experience and illuminates the developmental origins of gender disparities in spatial skills.
Early Lifespan Trauma in Finnish Young Adults With an Out‐of‐Home Care Background—An Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: Leinonen Leena , Kaittila Anniina , Alin Minna , Vornanen Riitta , Anis Merja
Published: December 2024

Young people living in out‐of‐home care often have a history of adverse childhood experiences which are traumatic in nature and have long‐term influence on individuals. This article analyses the experiences of Finnish young adults with a history of out‐of‐home care and mental health challenges, in regard to their experienced trauma and interpretations of the traumatizing factors during their early lifespan. The ecological systems theory by Bronfenbrenner is used as a tool in the analysis. The article sheds light on how the experiences of trauma are connected to the levels of the ecological systems theory and how different social factors can contribute to the experience of trauma. Understanding the traumatic experiences of adolescents with an OOHC background requires a thorough consideration of all the levels of the ecological systems theory. Traumatization is often a fusion of acute, chronic and complex traumas that should be better acknowledged in child welfare work.
Effectiveness and Impact of Transcript Analysis in Clinical Genetics Daily Practice
Authors: Innella Giovanni , Coccia Emanuele , Cristalli Carlotta Pia , Zacchi Eliana , Calabrese Sara , Bacchi Isabelle , Palombo Flavia , Taormina Sara , Evangelisti Cecilia , Lanzoni Giulia , Carelli Valerio , Diquigiovanni Chiara , Ferrari Simona , Panza Emanuele , Rossi Cesare , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Bonora Elena , Turchetti Daniela
Published: December 2024

Broad‐spectrum genetic tests often lead to the identification of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), a major issue in modern clinical genetics. A fair proportion of VUS may alter the splicing processes, but their interpretation is challenging. This study aimed at providing a classification approach for VUS potentially‐affecting splicing by integrating transcript analysis from peripheral blood mRNA into routine diagnostics. VUS in DICER1, MSH2, MLH1, DYNC1H1, RPS6KA3, and SCN9A, found in patients with phenotypes compatible with the related syndromes, altered splicing, leading to their re‐classification as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic. This had a significant clinical impact for different diseases, from hereditary tumor predisposition to neurological and congenital syndromic disorders. Transcript analysis is valuable in VUS clinical evaluation, and its incorporation into routine diagnostic workflows facilitates timely and accurate clinical decision‐making.
One‐Piece Monolithic Zirconia Single Tooth Implant‐Supported Restorations in the Posterior Region: A 1‐Year Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Donker Vincent J. J. , Meijer Henny J. A. , Slot Wim , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures, and the success of screw‐retained one‐piece monolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations in the posterior region during a 1‐year follow‐up.

Methods

In a prospective case series, 50 single molar sites in the posterior region of 41 patients with a minimum age of 18 years and sufficient bone volume for placing an implant (≥ 8 mm) and space for an anatomical restoration were included. Following prosthetic‐driven digital three‐dimensional treatment planning, a tissue‐level implant with an internal connection was inserted during a one‐stage surgical procedure. Three months later, the implant was restored with a screw‐retained one‐piece monolithic zirconia restoration. Clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures, and restoration survival and success according to the modified USPHS criteria were assessed at baseline prior to and immediately after implant placement, and 1‐month and 1‐year after definitive restoration placement.

Results

At the 1‐year follow‐up, 1 implant had been lost (implant survival rate 98%) hence, 49 restorations were evaluated. The restoration survival and success rates were 100% and 98%, respectively. Plaque, calculus, bleeding and suppuration on probing and peri‐implant inflammation were absent in most cases. The mean (SD) marginal bone level change between implant placement and the 1‐year follow‐up was −0.14 mm (0.27) on the mesial and −0.25 mm (0.31) on the distal side. The mean (SD) patient satisfaction (0–10) was 9.2 (0.8) at the 1‐year evaluation.

Conclusion

One‐piece monolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations exhibited favourable outcomes over 1 year in situ.

Trial Registration: Registered in the National Trial Register (NL9059)
Prevalence and Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Adolescents With Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Rajeswary Amritha , Rahul Morankar , Tewari Nitesh , Sagar Prem , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana , Upadhyay Ashish Datt
Published: December 2024

Background/Aim

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are an emerging public health problem and a realm of research for oral health enthusiasts. Certain populations can be more vulnerable to injuries such as those with a sensory deficit. Nevertheless, literature is scarce, especially for those with hearing impairment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and patterns of TDI in children and adolescents with severe‐to profound hearing impairments and children without hearing impairments.

Material and Methods

Three hundred and ninety participants (195 severe to profound hearing impaired and 195 age and sex‐matched controls) between 4 and 18 years were recruited from a tertiary care setting. A single calibrated examiner evaluated TDI for both groups. Among those with TDI, a vestibular function test (VFT) was also performed to assess postural balance. A single examiner from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology evaluated the VFT results.

Results

The overall prevalence of TDI was found to be 12.82% among the severe to profound hearing‐impaired individuals, and 11.79% in controls. The majority of participants were aged between 7 and 13 years, in the mixed dentition stage, and were males. Among the cases, the majority had profound hearing loss (≥ 91 dB HL) and bilateral ear involvement. The most common type of TDI was uncomplicated crown fractures. Falls were identified as the most common cause of TDI in both groups. Vestibular dysfunction and loss of postural control were identified in 12 out of 14 patients tested with VFT. A significant association was found between TDI and the dentition type, that is, primary dentition was more affected among the severe to profound hearing impaired as compared to controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was no significant association between the severity of hearing impairment and the prevalence of dental trauma in children and adolescents with severe to profound hearing impairment. However, hearing‐impaired individuals were susceptible to trauma at an early age compared to their healthy counterparts.
Deepening Megaregional Interrelatedness Through Migration: The Case of the Northern California Megaregion
Authors: Comandon Andre , Rodnyansky Seva , Boarnet Marlon G.
Published: December 2024

The increasing connectedness between neighboring metropolitan areas anchored by global economic centers highlights the relevance of the megaregional scale for government and governance. Yet, there is a lack of data to examine the expansion of megaregions and understand prevalent challenges to coordination. We use data from the Census Bureau and the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) to analyze migration patterns within the Northern California Megaregion that combines the San Francisco Bay Area and California Central Valley and highlight different trends underlying regional expansion. We find that people are leaving Bay Area zip codes at the edge of the urbanized area where population growth is robust, migration rates lower, job accessibility is low, rents are nearly as high as the more central locations, and home values are lower, making it difficult to move elsewhere within the Bay Area. Moves into the Central Valley are divided between the suburbs of the main urban centers and isolated towns leading to fragmented growth that increases stress on transportation infrastructure and worsens spatial inequality in the region.
Investigation of Gd2(Hf0.7Ti0.3)2O7 ceramics as a potential thermal barrier coating
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Xu Yiyan , Lu Xianjun , Wang Yi , Sun Junbin , Liu Bing , Wang Jinshuang , Zhang Hao , Tian Yongshang , Liu Zuodong , Jing Qiangshan
Published: December 2024

In this study, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramics were synthesized by a high‐temperature solid‐state method, and the feasibility of using it as thermal barrier coating was systematically studied. This study primarily investigated the thermal physical properties, mechanical properties, and calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate oxides (CMAS) corrosion resistance of the Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramic bulk. The results indicated that the thermal expansion coefficient of Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramics was close to that of 6∼8wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). At 1000°C, the thermal conductivity of Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ (1.43 W/(m·K)) was about 43% lower than that of YSZ (2.5 W/(m·K)). Furthermore, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ also exhibited significant advantages in mechanical properties. Its hardness, fracture toughness, and Young's modulus are 10.00 ± 0.28 GPa, 2.53 ± 0.06 MPa·m¹/2, and 124.91 ± 17 GPa, respectively. In addition, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ exhibited excellent CMAS corrosion resistance, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of thermal barrier coating materials.
The challenge and promise of disentangling neurodevelopmental conditions a commentary on Davis et al. (2024)
Authors: Bathelt Joe
Published: December 2024

This commentary evaluates the study by Davis et al. on the early behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum condition (ASC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. Davis et al. show how children who later receive dual diagnoses exhibit significantly more severe symptoms and greater behavioural challenges compared to their peers. The study's methodological strengths, including its prospective longitudinal design and well‐validated measures, are highlighted. However, the commentary also critiques the reliance on the traditional diagnostic paradigm, advocating for a shift towards data‐driven or dimensional approaches to better capture the complexities of neurodevelopmental conditions. By adopting such methodologies, the commentary suggests improvements in clinical practices through more personalised interventions, thereby advancing our understanding and treatment of ASC and ADHD.
Perceptions, attitudes, and management of obesity in East Asians vs global: A pooled analysis of the ACTION IO survey
Authors: Kang Jae‐Heon , Lim Soo , Kang Jee‐Hyun , Kim Yang‐Hyun , Ko Hae‐Jin , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Shimomura Iichiro , Ha YouSun , Wada Shogo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Iwabu Masato
Published: December 2024

Objective

This ACTION‐IO sub‐analysis compared attitudes of people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) between South Korea/Japan and global.

Methods

Responses from overall (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) and higher BMI (30.0–34.9 kg/m2) groups were compared descriptively; t‐and z‐tests were used to test for statistical significant difference.

Results

Total responses from South Korea/Japan vs global were as follows: overall (PwO: 3,501 vs 14,502; HCPs: 502 vs 2,785); higher BMI (PwO: 530 vs 7,460) groups. Compared to global, more South Korea/Japan‐PwO considered improving existing health condition as top weight loss (WL) goal (overall: 37% vs 28%, higher BMI: 35% vs 26%; P < 0.05) and fear of weight regain as top WL barrier (overall: 52% vs 45%, higher BMI: 65% vs 42%; P < 0.05). Fewer South Korea/Japan‐PwO reported discussing weight (overall: 25% vs 51%, higher BMI: 31% vs 54%; P < 0.05). More South Korea/Japan‐HCPs felt PwO as themselves responsible for WL (74% vs 55%; P < 0.05). More than two‐of‐three South Korea/Japan‐HCPs (vs four‐of‐five global) were motivated to help PwO in WL.

Conclusions

South Korea/Japan PwO had differences in their attitudes and behaviors toward obesity care. These findings support the need for increased public awareness of obesity as a disease and for HCPs to play active role initiating weight management dialogue.
Individual and prescription level factors associated with overdose in opioid naïve older people
Authors: Little Kacey , El Ibrahimi Sanae , Yoo Jiah , Flores Diana , Hendricks Michelle , Hildebran Christi , Ritter Grant , Wright Dagan , Loy Bryan , Weiner Scott G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Opioid naïve older adults may be at risk of overdose after receiving an initial opioid prescription.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study from a linked dataset of patients in Oregon, linking all payer claims data to other administrative datasets, aimed to assess the prescription‐ and patient‐level characteristics associated with increased odds of opioid overdose after an initial opioid prescription. Included patients were ≥65 years old and received an index pain‐formulation opioid prescription between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was an index nonfatal or fatal overdose within 6‐ or 12‐months following index prescription. Patient characteristics included age, sex, insurance plan, number of medical comorbidities, and presence of psychiatric comorbidities. Prescription characteristics included opioid type, duration of action, and days' supply. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association with opioid overdose.

Results

There were 223,799 individuals included for analysis (58.6% 65–74 years old, 53.9% female). There were 183 fatal or nonfatal opioid overdoses in 6 months and 232 in 12 months following the index prescription. Adults aged ≥85 years were less likely to experience an overdose versus those 65–74 years (6‐month adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.35, [95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.59]; 12‐month aOR 0.38 [0.24–0.60]). Multiple factors were associated with increased odds, including dually enrolled in Medicare/Medicaid compared to commercial insurance (6‐month aOR 5.99, [1.93–19.65]; 12‐month aOR 3.53, [1.58–7.90]), three or more comorbidities compared to none: (6‐month aOR 3.69, [1.91–8.13]; 12‐month aOR 4.24, [2.32–7.74]), history of depression: (6‐month aOR 1.94, [1.34–2.81]; 12‐month aOR 2.20, [1.60–3.04]), received long‐acting opioids (6‐month aOR 5.76, [1.56–21.22]; 12‐month aOR 4.0, [1.39–11.55]) compared to short‐acting.

Conclusions

For older adults, there is an association between opioid overdose risk and factors including patient insurance type, patient comorbidities, and receiving a long‐acting opioid prescription. Providers should be aware of the risks of opioids in this population.
A complete workflow from embalmed specimens to life‐like 3D virtual models for veterinary anatomy teaching
Authors: Durrani Zeeshan , Penrose Fay , Anderson James , Ricci Emanuele , Carr Stephanie , Ressel Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Understanding normal structural and functional anatomy is critical for health professionals across various fields such as medicine, veterinary, and dental courses. The landscape of anatomical education has evolved tremendously due to several challenges and advancements in blended learning approaches, which have led to the adoption of the use of high‐fidelity 3D digital models in anatomical education. Cost‐effective methods such as photogrammetry, which creates digital 3D models from aligning 2D photographs, provide a viable alternative to expensive imaging techniques (i.e. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) whilst maintaining photorealism and serving multiple purposes, including surgical planning and research. This study outlines a comprehensive workflow for producing realistic 3D digital models from embalmed veterinary specimens. The process begins with the preservation of specimens using the modified‐WhitWell (WhitWell‐Liverpool) embalming protocol, which ensures optimal tissue rigidity and improved colour enhancement, facilitating easier manipulation and better photogrammetry outcomes. Once embalmed, specimens are photographed to create digital 3D models using photogrammetry. Briefly, all images are processed to generate a sparse point cloud, which is then rendered into a 3D mesh. The mesh undergoes decimation and smoothing to reduce computational load, and a texture is applied to create a lifelike model. Additional colour enhancements and adjustments are made using digital tools to restore the natural appearance of the specimens. The 3D models are stored on a cloud repository and integrated into the University of Liverpool's Virtual Learning Environment, providing continuous, remote access to high‐quality anatomical resources. The switch to embalmed specimens during the COVID‐19 pandemic allowed for longer‐term use and detailed dissections, enhancing the quality of digital models. Fresh specimens, though naturally coloured, are less stable for photogrammetry, making embalmed specimens preferable for accurate 3D modelling. Our method ensures embalmed specimens are rigid enough for precise modelling while allowing texture adjustments to enhance digital representation. This approach has improved logistical efficiency, educational delivery, and specimen quality. Innovative embalming techniques and advanced photogrammetry have the power to revolutionise anatomical education with the creation of a vast digital library accessible online to students at any time. This approach paves the way for integrating digital 3D models into immersive environments and assessing their impact on learning outcomes.
The Global Credit Spread Puzzle
Authors: HUANG JING‐ZHI , NOZAWA YOSHIO , SHI ZHAN
Published: December 2024

We examine the ability of structural models to predict credit spreads using global default data and security‐level credit spread data in eight developed economies. We find that two representative, pure default‐risk models tend to underpredict the average credit spreads on investment‐grade (IG) bonds, especially their spreads over government bonds, thereby providing evidence for a “global credit spread puzzle.” However, a model incorporating endogenous liquidity in the secondary debt market helps mitigate the puzzle. Furthermore, the model captures certain determinants of corporate bond market frictions across the eight economies and substantially improves the cross‐sectional fit of individual IG credit spreads.
The Relationship Between Cognitive and Emotional Abilities and Ideological Attitudes Among Adolescents
Authors: Van Hiel Alain , Dierckx Kim , Depauw Hilde , Tissot Tassilo , Van Severen Ruben , Fontaine Johnny , Roets Arne
Published: December 2024

Objective

A large number of studies—usually based on samples of adults—have revealed a negative relationship between cognitive abilities and right‐wing ideological attitudes. Recently, this relationship has been claimed to be weaker among adolescents.

Method

We administered data in a sample of adolescents (N = 531) who completed a full cognitive abilities test, as well as a number of abridged, performance‐based emotional abilities tests. We also administered Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and Left‐Wing Authoritarianism (LWA).

Results

The results revealed the relationships that mirror the pattern obtained in adult samples, both among middle (age 17 or younger) and late adolescents (age 18 or older). Specifically, the relationship between cognitive abilities and ideological attitudes emerged with a similar magnitude. Not only did the analyses reaffirm previous studies with regard to the relationships for RWA and SDO, but we also revealed meaningful relationships for LWA. Moreover, emotional abilities bore out even stronger relationships than cognitive abilities.

Conclusions

The present results thus show that the relationships between cognitive and emotional abilities on the one hand and ideological attitudes on the other hand also apply to adolescents. We discuss the need to better understand the development of ideological attitudes throughout childhood and adolescence.
The association of social determinants of health with oral health status among patients of health resources and services administration funded health centers in the United States
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Lu Connie , Yu‐Lefler Helen , Picillo Benjamin , Wendt Minh
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study examined the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) domains on oral health status.

Methods

We used the nationally representative 2022 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2021–2022 Area Health Resource File. We constructed seven domains on burden of SDOH disadvantage: (1) oral health behavior, (2) dental service use and access, (3) general health service use and access, (4) social, (5) economic, (6) contextual or physical environment, and (7) health condition indicators, and calculated a score per domain. We assessed the association between SDOH domains and four oral health measures: (1) poor self‐assessed oral health, (2) low functional dentition, (3) acute dental need, and (4) chronic symptoms in logistic regressions.

Results

SDOH domains had different degrees of association with outcomes. Oral health behavior, health condition, and economic indicators were positively associated with all outcomes. General health service use and access, and contextual or physical environment were positively associated with all outcomes except for low functional dentition. Dental service use and access indicators were associated with higher likelihood of poor oral health (7.3%) and low functional dentition (2.5%). Social indicators were associated with higher likelihood of poor oral health (3.1%).

Conclusions

Findings highlight the importance of measuring the burden of SDOH disadvantage and including it in care provision. Findings indicate the need for more access through better integration of oral health within primary care, provision of nonclinical services to link patients with social services to promote oral health, and further support of these approaches by payer.
A Health Systems Strengthening Approach to Address the High Burden of Hepatitis C in Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Mahnoor
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis C virus infection is a serious liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis and, in chronic cases, lead to liver cancer or liver failure. Pakistan has the second highest burden of HCV in the world, a rising number of liver cancer cases and a unique pattern of healthcare‐associated HCV transmission. Unfortunately, the country is not on track to meet the WHO's target of complete elimination of HCV by 2030. The current reliance on vertical programmes for hepatitis elimination may seem effective in the short term, but is often unsustainable, ineffective and contributes to the fragmentation of the health system. This review proposes a health system strengthening approach to HCV detection and prevention in the country. It critically evaluates the country's health system and the existing evidence on HCV prevention and treatment, proposing evidence‐based strategies for decentralising HCV services and integrating them into the primary healthcare infrastructure. It examines the effectiveness of methods such as task shifting and targeted interventions while suggesting changes to healthcare practices to reduce healthcare‐associated transmission of HCV and other blood‐borne pathogens.
Revisiting the public versus private debate on model statutes for collective copyright management organisations in China
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: December 2024

China received the collective copyright management concept during a period of economic transition and constructed collective management organisations (CMOs) as social organisations exhibiting a discernible inclination towards a public administrative objective rather than one concerned with market considerations. Consequently, CMOs in China have manifested behavioural patterns distinct from those of other private entities. This paper revisits the problem of CMOs in China with a focus on organisational structure issues. The contention posited in this paper is that the correct focal point for current debate should not concern the feasibility of multiple CMOs coexisting, but rather should revolve around the essential discussion between public versus private legal model statutes for CMOs in China, and thereafter on the regulatory architecture governing the coexistence of CMOs alongside alternative independent rights‐clearing entities.
Don DeLillo's descent into posthuman anxieties in Zero K and The Silence
Authors: Suyoufie Fadia F. , Dagamseh Abdullah M.
Published: December 2024

This study provides an exponential reading of the (re)presentation of posthuman technology in relation to human anxieties in Don DeLillo's Zero K (2016), a novel in which technology is very much “alive” and The Silence (2020), in which technology is “dead.” It focuses on DeLillo's apprehension about the impact of technology in relation to everyday life and to the future of humanity. The anxiety over a posthuman existence where Man is reduced to impotence in his total surrender to the control of technology is examined to show DeLillo's concern over the insidious process of dehumanization and depersonalization of the human subject. The discussion is carried out by applying a close textual analysis of the novels within the context of the existential, environmental, and eschatological issues that are considered staples of his narratives. The conclusion affirms DeLillo's stand on the ambiguity of technology and his implicit commitment to ordinary life and to the ethics of human interrelationships as a confirmation of human identity.
Combined Sclerotherapy With Surgical Resection in the Management of Oral Vascular Malformations: A Narrative Review With an Illustrative Two Case Series
Authors: Prestes Pietra Bezerra , Neves Kahlil Rodrigo Martins , Leite Jorge Henrique Oliveira , de Oliveira Kayteanne Costa , Barbosa Rebeca Luzia Solarte , Câmara Jeconias , Abrahim Naíza Menezes Medeiros , Cabral Lioney Nobre , Pinheiro Tiago Novaes , de Vasconcelos Antonio Jorge Araújo
Published: December 2024

Aim

To report a case series of two large VMs treated by sclerotherapy with further surgical resection for aesthetic purposes and discuss its outcomes.

Case Reports

Case 1: Six applications were performed with different volumes (1.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 and 0.5 mL, respectively) of Monoethanolamine Oleate (EO) in a VM lesion that affected the buccal mucosa and labial commissure (lesion size: 50 × 33.3 mm), associated with late surgical resection of exceeding cicatricial tissue in a 24‐year‐old female patient. Recurrence occurred after 120 days of follow‐up due to parafunctional suction. Case 2: three applications with different volumes of EO (1.0, 0.8 and 0.8 mL respectively) were performed in an upper lip VM lesion (lesion size: 30 × 40 mm) associated with late surgical resection and cheiloplasty in a 19‐year‐old male patient. Two months of follow‐up showed no signs of recurrence. At the present time, both patients are under observation.

Conclusion

Resolution of VMs can be achieved with different treatment options; especially in arteriovenous VMs, the definitive resolution it is challenging. Recurrence can happen if the main vessel was not achieved by sclerosing agent or if adjuvant parafunction is involved. VMs correct clinical diagnosis and classification is crucial in order to achieve optimal outcomes and prognosis.
Oral Lichen Planus Associated With Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Rare Finding
Authors: Ramanathan Anand , Hii Erica Pey Wen , Shuhairi Nadia Najwa bt , Fa Toh Yen , Valiappan Valliammai , Warnakulasuriya Saman
Published: December 2024

Background

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a noncontagious rare chronic inflammatory disease of the liver characterised by interface hepatitis, circulating autoantibodies and increased serum IgG in the absence of other liver diseases. Only two cases of OLP in the background of AIH had been reported.

Case Presentation

A 24‐year‐old female presented to oral medicine clinic with an intraoral white lesion associated with pain while taking spicy and hot food. The pain was described as pricking‐like pain and limited to the tongue and bilateral buccal mucosa. She was diagnosed with AIH when she was 2 years old and is on Azathioprine 150 mg and oral prednisolone 5 mg once daily. She has no known allergy and risk habits. The social and dental history was noncontributory. Intraoral examination revealed poor oral hygiene, multiple unscrapable, nontender and nonfirm white lesions in the oral cavity. On biopsy, these lesions were confirmed as OLP.

Conclusion

We present a rare case of OLP in a known case of AIH, and this is the third to be reported in the literature. Future investigation might warrant a new insight on the correlations between AIH and OLP as there are increasing reports on OLP and autoimmune diseases.
A role for root carbonic anhydrase βCA4 in the bicarbonate tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pérez‐Martín Laura , Almira Maria‐José , Estrela‐Muriel Laura , Tolrà Roser , Rubio Lourdes , Poschenrieder Charlotte , Busoms Silvia
Published: December 2024

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are the main enzymes handling bicarbonate in the different cell compartments. This study analyses the expression of CAs in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana demes differing in tolerance to bicarbonate: the tolerant A1(C+) deme and the sensitive deme, T6(C‐). Exposure to 10 mM NaCl caused a transient depolarization of the root cell membranes, and in contrast, the supply of 10 mM NaHCO3 caused hyperpolarization. This hyperpolarization was much stronger in A1(C+) than in T6(C‐). Acetazolamide (AZ), a specific inhibitor of CAs, abolished the hyperpolarizing effect in A1(C+), indicating the implication of CAs in this fast membrane response. The time‐dependent (3 to 72 h) expression profiles of 14 CAs in roots of A1(C+) and T6(C‐) exposed to either control (0 mM NaHCO3, pH 5.9), or bicarbonate (10 mM NaHCO3,pH 8.3) conditions revealed a bicarbonate specific upregulation of BCA4.1 (from 3 to 12 h) in A1(C+). Contrastingly, in T6(C‐) BCA4.1 was downregulated by NaHCO3. Exclusively in A1(C+), the enhanced expression of BCA4.1 under bicarbonate was parallelled by an increase of PIP1,3, SLAH1, SLAH3, AHA2, and FRO2 gene expression levels. Under HCO3− exposure, a bca4 knockout mutant had a lower number of lateral roots, lower root diameters, and higher root lipid peroxidation than the WT. These results indicate that bicarbonate‐induced root membrane hyperpolarization is the fast (minutes) initial signalling event in the tolerance response. This is followed by the specific upregulation of BCA4.1 and genes involved in H2O and CO2 transport, apoplast acidification, and iron acquisition.
Reducing homelessness: An intergovernmental challenge
Authors: Callahan Richard F. , Redburn Steve , Larson Lauren , Riley Brad
Published: December 2024

To increase understanding of the intergovernmental dimension of addressing homelessness, the National Academy of Public Administration in 2022 formed a Working Group of Academy Fellows. In researching three case studies that have had a measure of success, local leaders reached across geographic and functional boundaries to forge agreement on shared goals and joint strategy. Five basic tasks at the local level contributed to effective initiatives: One, defining, committing to, and communicating the challenge of homelessness, with agreement on shared objectives and a coordinated strategy. Two, building a network to coordinate the contributions of each partner. Three, designing and delivering timely integrated services by aligning federal and state programs to the local context. Four, collecting, using, and sharing data to inform planning and targeted delivery of assistance. Five, building or strengthening governance and financing structures that support continued action and learning to sustain and improve local efforts over time.
Dental management of people with congenital hemophilia: An integrative review of case reports and case series from a global scenario
Authors: Kumar Mathangi , Badagabettu Sulochana , Pai Keerthilatha M. , Nayak Baby S.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To analyze the various dental management strategies adopted to manage patients with hemophilia in a dental clinical setup.

Methods

An electronic database search was carried out using MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from January 2000 to August 2023 for case reports and case series published in English language. Case reports addressing the dental treatments for people with hemophilia A/hemophilia B were included. Cases of acquired hemophilia and cases of hemophilia who are inhibitor positive were excluded.

Results

There was a total of 286 articles that were identified of which 24 reports were included for the review. This included 20 case reports and four case series which addressed various dental treatment procedures performed on people with mild/moderate/severe hemophilia A or hemophilia B. A total of 28 patients were presented with a mean age of 20.4 years. The pre‐treatment factor ranged from 200 to 2500 IU and the post‐treatment factor range was 1000–3000 IU.

Conclusions

There was a wide range of variation in the utilization of prophylactic factors for dental treatment procedures among people with hemophilia. This variation highlights the need for larger prospective clinical studies that address the rationale for using clotting factor concentrate and its impact on dental treatment outcomes for individuals with mild, moderate, or severe hemophilia.
Development of Scaling Parameter SR for Negative Stress Ratios R Based on Trend in Experimental Data for Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Austenitic Stainless Steels for ASME Code Section XI
Authors: Negyesi Martin , Yamaguchi Yoshihito , Hasegawa Kunio , Lacroix Valery , Morley Andrew
Published: December 2024

Fatigue crack growth rates da/dN for stainless steels in air environment are provided by the ASME Code Section XI. The fatigue crack growth rates are given by da/dN = CF(ΔK)n, where CF is the fatigue crack growth rate coefficient, n is the fatigue crack growth rate exponent and ΔK is the stress intensity factor range. The coefficient CF contains a temperature parameter ST, and a scaling parameter SR, which is a function of the stress ratio R. When the stress ratio R is positive from 0 to 1, the parameter SR increases with the increasing ratio R, and da/dN increases with the increasing stress ratio R. When R is less than 0, SR = 1. Hence, fatigue crack growth rates under negative stress ratios are independent of stress ratios according to the ASME Code Section XI. However, from the results of literature survey, experimental data reveal that the fatigue crack growth rates decrease with decreasing R ratios below zero, i.e., negative stress ratios, when being expressed by da/dN = CF(ΔK)n, where ΔK is the full range of the stress intensity factor. The objective of this paper is to assess fatigue crack growth rates under such negative stress ratios for stainless steels in air environment. An equation determined from trends in experimental data surveyed in this study is proposed for negative R ratios to calculate the parameter SR for the ASME Code Section XI, Appendix Y.
An Integrated Sensor Fault Estimation and Fault-Tolerant Control Design Approach for Continuous-Time Switched Systems
Authors: Elouni Mohamed , Hamdi Habib , Rabaoui Bouali , Rodrigues Mickael , Braiek Naceur Benhadj
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a robust integrated fault estimation (FE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for a class of continuous-time switched systems in the presence of unknown external disturbances and sensor faults. The main idea focuses on designing a switched descriptor observer to achieve simultaneous estimations of system states and sensor faults. With the acquired estimation information, an integrated development of the estimated state feedback fault-tolerant controller is constructed to compensate for the fault effects by stabilizing the switched closed-loop system. Based on the average dwell time (ADT) concept and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, new and less conservative stability conditions are established with a prescribed H∞ performance level in a single-step linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. Finally, both a numerical example and a highly maneuverable aircraft technology (HiMAT) vehicle are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed strategy.
Stabilization of a Rigid Body in Two Fluids With Surface Tension
Authors: Do K. D.
Published: December 2024

This paper poses and solves a stabilization problem of a rigid body governed by nonlinear differential equations in two viscous incompressible fluids governed by Navier–Stokes equations (NSEs), where surface tension of the interface between the two fluids is considered, in a bounded domain in three dimensional space. Since only weak solutions of the NSEs exist globally while global existence of their strong/smooth solutions is a millennium problem, point-wise fluid forces and moments acting on the rigid body are not able to bound. This difficulty is overcome by designing an appropriate control law and performing stability analysis of the closed-loop system including the NSEs and surface tension, where “work and power of the two fluids” instead of forces and moments on the rigid body are used. A simulation is included to illustrate the results.
Teaching quantum formalism and postulates to first-year undergraduates
Authors: Levy Jeremy , Singh Chandralekha
Published: December 2024

Traditional approaches to undergraduate-level quantum mechanics require extensive mathematical preparation, preventing most students from enrolling in a quantum mechanics course until the third year of a physics major. Here we describe an approach to teaching quantum formalism and postulates that can be used with first-year undergraduate students and even high school students. The only pre-requisite is a familiarity with vector dot products. This approach enables students to learn Dirac notation and core postulates of quantum mechanics at a much earlier stage in their academic career, which can help students prepare for careers in quantum science and engineering and advance the Second Quantum Revolution.
Introductory learning of quantum probability and quantum spin with physical models and observations
Authors: Lonshakova Anastasia , Adams Kyla , Blair David
Published: December 2024

Quantum probability and quantum spin are foundational concepts in quantum physics, not normally taught in pre-university education. In line with recent efforts to modernize quantum science education in schools, this paper presents learning sequences designed to provide an introductory conceptual understanding of these core physical concepts. This is achieved by choosing physical models that provide tangible classical representations that can be contrasted with quantum observations relevant to modern science and technology. This approach allows activity-based learning without the use of algebra. The concept of quantum probability is taught through activities with phasor wheels in which quantum probability is obtained graphically and interpreted using single-photon interference data. Quantum spin and spin vectors are taught by contrasting quantum spin with classical spin, explored through activities with gyroscopes and spinning tops. Quantum concepts are evoked by emphasizing how spin is different and how it manifests in real-world technologies such as magnets and MRI imaging. We describe learning sequences developed following the Model of Educational Reconstruction in which historical discoveries are combined with activities based on classical models and relevant quantum applications. We summarize test results from programs conducted with students aged 11–15. Most students connect the models and activities to quantum concepts and retain knowledge of quantum spin six months after the program. The successful learning outcomes indicate that teachers can effectively introduce quantum probability and quantum spin concepts to middle school using learning sequences such as those presented here.
Manual Dexterity in Open-Water Wetsuited Swimmers: A Cohort Crossover Study
Authors: Morton William J. , Melau Jørgen , Olsen Roar A. , Løvvik Ole Martin , Hisdal Jonny , Søvik Signe
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Laboratory studies have demonstrated that manual dexterity decreases with increasing cold, which may adversely affect performance. Dexterity may be impaired by cooling of the hand, cooling of the lower motor neurons, and cognitive impairment. Wetsuits are commonly used in open-water swimming and are mandated in some situations. This study investigates the effects of cold-water wetsuited swimming on dexterity. Methods: Five male and 4 female trained swimmers were recruited for this cohort crossover study. Following dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to determine body composition, they swam in a freshwater lake on 7 occasions with water temperatures between 24.5 °C and 8.4 °C. Dexterity was measured preswim and postswim with a “nut–washer–bolt assembly time test” and cognition with a Stroop test. Core and peripheral body temperatures were continuously monitored. Effects were analyzed by linear mixed-model regression. Results: Pre–post swim difference in time to complete the nut–bolt assembly increased as water temperatures decreased (1.0 s, 95% CI, 0.5–1.5 per 1 °C, P < .0001; R2 = .456), to a maximum of 14.7 seconds (95% CI, 3.3–26.0). This represented a 47.5% increase in assembly time from 24.5 °C to 8.4 °C, which we consider to be of practical significance. Decreased dexterity was associated with decreased forearm and scapular temperature and decreased cognitive function. Body composition did not affect dexterity, cognitive function, or body temperature during swims. Water temperature did not affect swim speed. Conclusions: Despite the use of wetsuits, manual dexterity decreased with cold-water swimming. Swimmers, triathletes, and event organizers should consider the implications for safety, performance, and equipment utilization.
A Racialized Examination of the Programmatic Utility and Salary Distribution of Football Bowl Subdivision Football Coaches
Authors: Corr Chris , Macaulay Charles D.T. , Caro Cary A.
Published: December 2024

Extensive research explores a variety of factors contributing to coaching salaries. This study demonstrates a racial compensation discrepancy among Football Bowl Subdivision football coaches. When factoring for variations (i.e., recruiting responsibilities and team performance), compensation disparities result in Black coaches receiving lesser salaries than their White counterparts. We elaborate on historical and contemporary factors influencing compensation discrepancies reflecting structural racism permeating U.S. society. We also discuss the practical and theoretical implications of disparities in Football Bowl Subdivision football coaches’ salaries and advocate for increased compensation and advancement opportunities for highly qualified, but currently underpaid, Black coaching talent. Results indicate how, despite gains in representation, Black coaches still experience racial discrimination in compensation, demonstrating yet another example of institutionalized racial stratification.
Erratum to: Activation Analysis of the Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Constant of Ferroelectrics
Authors: Kuzenko D. V.
Published: December 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062873824110042
FOLFOX regimen induced severe hypokalaemia with hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Mahadevappa Manjappa , Krishnamurthy Kiran Pura , Hussain Sakeer , Shetty Mahesh S
Published: December 2024

FOLFOX regimen is a chemotherapy regimen commonly used to treat colorectal cancers and other gastrointestinal malignancies. It comprises a combination of drugs, including leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Hypokalaemia can be a potential adverse drug reaction to the FOLFOX regimen, along with other haematological or metabolic adverse effects. Causes for hypokalaemia include chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and increased renal loss of potassium. The oxaliplatin used in the FOLFOX regimen is often associated with hypokalaemia due to intracellular shift, secondary to using 5% dextrose for infusion. Therefore, close monitoring of electrolyte levels, including potassium, is essential during chemotherapy treatment. Patients may require supplementation with potassium, either orally or intravenously, to maintain adequate levels and prevent complications. Additionally, managing diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting can help minimise potassium loss during chemotherapy. This case describes a patient who developed severe hypokalaemia (1.4 mmol/L) associated with the use of the FOLFOX regimen without any cardiac arrhythmia.
Fingolimod-associated cryptococcal choroiditis and osseous cryptococcosis in a case of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sharma Ishta , Abdulhussein Dalia , Minakaran Neda , Harvey Joshua
Published: December 2024

A man in his 20s with a background of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis developed spinal cryptococcosis and choroiditis after 8 years of therapy with the oral immunomodulator fingolimod. The osseous cryptococcosis was diagnosed with a vertebral biopsy, after radiological changes in the C5 vertebra were incidentally identified during routine biannual neuroimaging. He was subsequently admitted for intravenous antifungal therapy. During admission, the patient reported bilateral floaters and was subsequently found to have bilateral choroidal lesions suggestive of a partially treated cryptococcal choroiditis with normal vision. This case is, to our knowledge, the first report of cryptococcal choroiditis secondary to fingolimod therapy and reaffirms the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion of ocular infections in the setting of chronic immunosuppression.