bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Bott Manifolds up to Dimension 8
Authors: Choi Suyoung
Published: December 2014

We show that three- and four-stage Bott manifolds are classified up to diffeomorphism by their integral cohomology rings. In addition, any cohomology ring isomorphism between two three-stage Bott manifolds can be realized by a diffeomorphism between the Bott manifolds.
Laboratory plasma physics experiments using merging supersonic plasma jets
Authors: Hsu S. C. , Moser A. L. , Merritt E. C. , Adams C. S. , Dunn J. P. , Brockington S. , Case A. , Gilmore M. , Lynn A. G. , Messer S. J. , Witherspoon F. D.
Published: December 2014

We describe a laboratory plasma physics experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory that uses two merging supersonic plasma jets formed and launched by pulsed-power-driven railguns. The jets can be formed using any atomic species or mixture available in a compressed-gas bottle and have the following nominal initial parameters at the railgun nozzle exit: ne ≈ ni ~ 1016 cm−3, Te ≈ Ti ≈ 1.4 eV, Vjet ≈ 30–100 km/s, mean charge $\bar{Z}$ ≈ 1, sonic Mach number Ms ≡ Vjet/Cs > 10, jet diameter = 5 cm, and jet length ≈20 cm. Experiments to date have focused on the study of merging-jet dynamics and the shocks that form as a result of the interaction, in both collisional and collisionless regimes with respect to the inter-jet classical ion mean free path, and with and without an applied magnetic field. However, many other studies are also possible, as discussed in this paper.
Developmental Planning in ‘Retreat’: Ideas, instruments, and contestations of planning in India, 1967–1971
Authors: KUDAISYA MEDHA
Published: December 2014

This article concerns the history of economic planning in India in the late 1960s, when a vigorous debate took place on the institutions, instruments, and ‘personnel’ of developmental planning. Examining the years from 1967 to 1971, this article shows how dramatic attempts were made by warring politicians with the help of technocrats to decentralize economic planning, grant states more fiscal autonomy, and drastically reduce the powers of the Planning Commission. This article examines how these critical economic initiatives unfolded but were ultimately overshadowed by political power struggles in which the planning process and the Planning Commission became important tools in attempts for centralization.
Diagnostics of warm dense matter by high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of hollow ions
Authors: Faenov A. Ya. , Skobelev I. Yu. , Pikuz T. A. , Pikuz S. A. , Kodama R. , Fortov V. E.
Published: December 2014

The short review on the possible applications of the hollow ion spectra for the diagnostics of the high-temperature plasma created by intensive laser and particle beams is presented. Because of the hollow ion spectra features are defined mainly by the mechanisms of their excitation, we consider the various types of the high-temperature plasma where different excitation processes are important. It is shown that like ordinary spectral lines, spectra of the hollow ions offer considerable diagnostic opportunities. At the present time, hollow ion spectra are used mainly to investigate plasma heated by X-ray radiation, but the hollow ions must be generated when plasma is heated by fast heavy ion beams too. In this case, the resultant substance state will be also characterized by solid-state density, and some spatial regions of targets will have relatively low temperatures, i.e., will be a nonideal plasma. It is emphasized that hollow ion spectra are promising diagnostic tool for both nonideal plasma and warm dense matter.
Completely -full ideals and componentwise linear ideals
Authors: HARIMA TADAHITO , WATANABE JUNZO
Published: December 2014

We show that the class of completely ${\mathfrak m}$-full ideals coincides with the class of componentwise linear ideals in a polynomial ring over an infinite field.
Ultra-trace analysis of Hg in alkaline lavas and regolith from James Ross Island
Authors: Coufalík Pavel , Zvěřina Ondřej , Krmíček Lukáš , Pokorný Richard , Komárek Josef
Published: December 2014

Polar regions represent a unique environment for the study of mercury cycling in the global ecosystem. Our research was focused on the assessment of the origin and mobility of mercury in the geochemical cycle in Maritime Antarctic (James Ross Island) by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. Mercury content in a set of extrusive (subaerial, subaqueous) and intrusive (dyke) alkaline basalts ranged between 1.6 µg kg-1 (for samples without xenoliths) and 8 µg kg-1 (for samples containing crustal xenoliths). The mercury content in alkaline basalts indicates a very low concentration of mercury in peridotitic mantle sources. Samples of regolith from James Ross Island were subjected to a comprehensive analytical procedure proposed for ultra-trace mercury concentrations involving fractionation and thermal analysis. Total mercury contents in regolith (2.7–11.3 µg kg-1) did not deviate from the natural background in this part of Antarctica. Additionally, the obtained results are about two orders of magnitude smaller than values formerly assumed for primary mercury contents in basaltic lavas. Our results from Antarctica were compared with mercury contents in basaltic rocks from Greenland and the findings were confirmed. It seems that the input of mercury of geological origin into the polar ecosystem is apparently lower than expected.
An existence result for a system of coupled semilinear diffusion-reaction equations with flux boundary conditions
Authors: MAHATO HARI SHANKAR , BÖHM MICHAEL
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we consider diffusion, reaction and dissolution of mobile and immobile chemical species present in a porous medium. Inflow–outflow boundary conditions are considered at the outer boundary and the reactions amongst the species are assumed to be reversible which yield highly nonlinear reaction rate terms. The dissolution of immobile species takes place on the surfaces of the solid parts. Modelling of these processes leads to a system of coupled semilinear partial differential equations together with a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with multi-valued right-hand sides. We prove the global existence of a unique positive weak solution of this model using a regularization technique, Schaefer's fixed point theorem and Lyapunov type arguments.
Free and Easy: a Guide for Occasional Users to the Irish Legal System and Resources
Authors: Furlong John
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this article, written by John Furlong, is to provide a comparative overview of the Irish legal system with that of the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom and will cover the range of free-to-use resources that are available in respect of Irish case law, legislation and commentaries. The content is aimed at librarians and legal information professionals who are required from time to time, to understand and source Irish law. The article is based on a paper presented at BIALL's 45th Annual Conference, which was held in Harrogate in 2014.
Explaining public opinion on international criminal justice
Authors: Meernik James
Published: December 2014

Despite the fact that international courts have proven popular in the last 20 years, systematic and empirical inquiry to determine whether they are beginning to realize their objectives is a fairly recent phenomenon. Support among the publics in the affected countries is critical to their success for, as deGuzman writes, ‘… the globalization of communications increasingly means that an institution’s legitimacy depends on the opinions of ordinary citizens around the world’. I develop a theory of public opinion regarding international criminal justice and test it on support for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), among peoples of the former Yugoslavia. I contend that support for the ICTY is filtered through individuals’ perceptions of the past, present, and future. As one’s beliefs about whether conditions are good or improving grow more positive, such positive perceptions are generalized to extend to international institutions that play a major role in shaping those conditions. In addition, I argue that support for the ICTY is strongly influenced by an individual’s views of the legitimacy and morality of the law. Ethnicity is also important in differentiating levels of support across the peoples of the former Yugoslavia.
Miniaturized printed monopole antenna with applying the modified conductor-backed plane and three embedded strips based on CPW for multi-band telecommunication devices
Authors: Alibakhshi-Kenari Mohammad
Published: December 2014

In this article, a new construction of a small planar dual-band fed printed monopole antenna based on coplanar waveguide is suggested. Impedance matching for dual-band operations is obtained by embedding three vertical strips with different sizes in the U-shaped conductor-backed plane. The main problem of the designed antenna is the measuring of the specifications with the Agilent 8722ES Vector Network Analyzer, when the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna. Hence, in this paper a new method for decoupling the cable from the antenna is presented. This method is based on using the ferrite bead. The ferrite bead reduces the cable radiation, so that its position plays the important part in the antenna radiation characteristics. The fabricated antenna includes the benefits of the miniaturized size and dual-band operating specifications, so that the mentioned properties have been achieved without modifying the coplanar-waveguide-ground surface or radiator patch. The antenna has the small size of 15 × 15 × 0.8 mm3and bandwidths with S11 < −10 dB about 2.2 GHz (5.05–7.25 GHz) for WLAN-band or IEEE 802.11a-band and 5.2GHz (7.6–12.8 GHz) for X-band, which correspond to 36 and 51% practical bandwidths, respectively. The antenna measured peak gains are about 1.8 dBi at WLAN-band and 4.3 dBi at X-band.
Phänotyp-spezifische Therapie der COPD
Authors: Rothe Thomas
Published: December 2014

COPD stellt kein homogenes Krankheitsbild dar. Mindestens vier häufigere klinische Phänotypen lassen sich differenzieren: COPD mit Emphysem, COPD vom bronchitischen Typ, Asthma-COPD-Overlap-Syndrome (ACOS) und COPD mit häufigen Exazerbationen. Die Festlegung des Phänotyps erlaubt eine Typ-spezifische Behandlung. Manche Therapieformen eignen sich nur für einzelne Phänotypen.
Intravenous Ethanol Increases Dopamine Release in the Ventral Striatum in Humans: PET Study Using Bolus-Plus-Infusion Administration of [11C]raclopride
Authors: Aalto Sargo , Ingman Kimmo , Alakurtti Kati , Kaasinen Valtteri , Virkkala Jussi , Någren Kjell , Rinne Juha O , Scheinin Harry
Published: December 2014

Ethanol increases the interstitial dopamine (DA) concentration in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of experimental animals, but positron emission tomography (PET) studies using the single-bolus protocol of the [11C]-raclopride competition paradigm have yielded conflicting results in humans. To resolve disparate previous findings, we utilized the bolus-plus-infusion (B/I) method, allowing both baseline and intervention quantification of [11C]raclopride binding during a single 105-minute PET scan, to investigate possible ethanol-induced DA release in nine healthy male subjects. A 25-minute intravenous ethanol (7.6%) infusion, resulting in a 1.3 g/L mean blood ethanol concentration, was administered using masked timing during the PET scan. Automated region-of-interest analysis testing the difference between baseline (40–50 minutes) and intervention (60–85 minutes) revealed an average 12.6% decrease in [11C]raclopride binding in the ventral striatum (VST, P=0.003) including the NAcc. In addition, a shorter time interval from the start of ethanol infusion to the first subjective effect was associated with a greater binding potential decrease bilaterally in the VST ( r=0.92, P=0.004), and the feeling of pleasure was associated with a decrease in binding potential values in both the caudate nucleus ( r=−0.87, P=0.003) and putamen ( r=−0.74; P=0.02). These results confirm that ethanol induces rapid DA release in the limbic striatum, which can be reliably estimated using the B/I method in one imaging session.
Oncogenic Kit signals on endolysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are essential for neoplastic mast cell proliferation
Authors: Obata Yuuki , Toyoshima Shota , Wakamatsu Ei , Suzuki Shunichi , Ogawa Shuhei , Esumi Hiroyasu , Abe Ryo
Published: December 2014

Kit is a receptor-type tyrosine kinase found on the plasma membrane. It can transform mast cells through activating mutations. Here, we show that a mutant Kit from neoplastic mast cells from mice, Kit(D814Y), is permanently active and allows cells to proliferate autonomously. It does so by activating two signalling pathways from different intracellular compartments. Mutant Kit from the cell surface accumulates on endolysosomes through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which requires Kit’s kinase activity. Kit(D814Y) is constitutively associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but the complex activates Akt only on the cytoplasmic surface of endolysosomes. It resists destruction because it is under-ubiquitinated. Kit(D814Y) also appears in the endoplasmic reticulum soon after biosynthesis, and there, can activate STAT5 aberrantly. These mechanisms of oncogenic signalling are also seen in rat and human mast cell leukemia cells. Thus, oncogenic Kit signalling occurs from different intracellular compartments, and the mutation acts by altering Kit trafficking as well as activation.
Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of innate immune response genes and neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism
Authors: Gupta Simone , Ellis Shannon E. , Ashar Foram N. , Moes Anna , Bader Joel S. , Zhan Jianan , West Andrew B. , Arking Dan E.
Published: December 2014

Recent studies of genomic variation associated with autism have suggested the existence of extreme heterogeneity. Large-scale transcriptomics should complement these results to identify core molecular pathways underlying autism. Here we report results from a large-scale RNA sequencing effort, utilizing region-matched autism and control brains to identify neuronal and microglial genes robustly dysregulated in autism cortical brain. Remarkably, we note that a gene expression module corresponding to M2-activation states in microglia is negatively correlated with a differentially expressed neuronal module, implicating dysregulated microglial responses in concert with altered neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism brains. These observations provide pathways and candidate genes that highlight the interplay between innate immunity and neuronal activity in the aetiology of autism.
A FRET-based DNA nano-tweezer technique for the imaging analysis of specific mRNA
Authors: Funabashi Hisakage , Shigeto Hajime , Nakatsuka Keisuke , Kuroda Akio
Published: December 2014

In this report, the feasibility of imaging analysis of target mRNA utilizing a novel FRET-based DNA nano-tweezer (DNA-NT) technique has been discussed.
Functionalized silicon nanoparticles from reactive cavitation erosion of silicon wafers
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Xu Zejing , Fink Mark J. , Shchukin Dmitry , Mitchell Brian S.
Published: December 2014

Sonochemical reactor used for reactive cavitation erosion formation of functionalized silicon nanoparticles.
The facile preparation of a cobalt disulfide–reduced graphene oxide composite film as an efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Bai Yu , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening
Published: December 2014

A CoS2–RGO composite film counter electrode was prepared by combining the layer by layer assembly method and thermal treatment process.
Red luminescence and ferromagnetism in europium oxynitridosilicates with a β-K2SO4 structure
Authors: Black Ashley P. , Denault Kristin A. , Oró-Solé Judith , Goñi Alejandro R. , Fuertes Amparo
Published: December 2014

LaSrSiO3N and LaBaSiO3N are the first examples of nitride-based alkaline earth orthosilicates with β-K2SO4 structure, and they show red-orange luminescence after activation with Eu2+. The analogous compound LaEuSiO3N is, in addition to a red phosphor material, a soft ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 3 K.
Cascade catalysis – strategies and challenges en route to preparative synthetic biology
Authors: Muschiol Jan , Peters Christin , Oberleitner Nikolin , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Rudroff Florian
Published: December 2014

In this feature article recent progress and future perspectives of cascade catalysis combining bio/bio or bio/chemo catalysts are presented.
Facile one-pot synthesis of MoS2 quantum dots–graphene–TiO2 composites for highly enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Gao Weiyin , Wang Minqiang , Ran Chenxin , Li Le
Published: December 2014

We reported a simple one-pot solvothermal approach to fabricate MoS2 quantum dots (QDs)–graphene–TiO2 (MGT) composite photocatalyst with significant improved photocatalysis property, which is caused by the increased charge separation, visible-light absorbance, specific surface area and reaction sites upon the introduction of MoS2 QDs.
Linear assembly of a porphyrin–C60 complex confined in vertical nanocylinders of amphiphilic block copolymer films
Authors: Kamimura Takuya , Komura Motonori , Komiyama Hideaki , Iyoda Tomokazu , Tani Fumito
Published: December 2014

Linear assemblies of a 1 : 1 porphyrin–fullerene C60 complex were formed in vertical cylindrical polyether nanodomains of amphiphilic block copolymer films.
Origins of improved carrier multiplication efficiency in elongated semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Sills Andrew , Califano Marco
Published: December 2014

Our calculations show that the origins of improved carrier multiplication efficiency in elongated semiconductor nanostructures can be attributed purely to electronic structure effects.
Large-scale virtual high-throughput screening for the identification of new battery electrolyte solvents: computing infrastructure and collective properties
Authors: Husch Tamara , Yilmazer Nusret Duygu , Balducci Andrea , Korth Martin
Published: December 2014

A volunteer computing approach is presented for the purpose of screening a large number of molecular structures with respect to their suitability as new battery electrolyte solvents.
Mechanistic analysis of oxygen-assisted coupling of methane and ammonia to hydrogen cyanide over polycrystalline Pt and Rh
Authors: Kondratenko V. A.
Published: December 2014

Factors determining selectivity of Pt and Rh in oxidative coupling of CH4 and NH3 to HCN were elucidated using isotopic tracers.
cis-{MoO2}2+ assisted Mannich-type addition of acetylacetonate methine to the azomethine of tridentate Schiff bases: racemic complexes with chiral transformed ligands
Authors: Kurapati Sathish Kumar , Pal Samudranil
Published: December 2014

A chiral multidentate ligand system produced by cis-{MoO2}2+ assisted Mannich-type nucleophilic addition of an acetylacetonate central CH– across the polarized azomethine of a tridentate Schiff base system and the racemic cis-{MoO2}2+ complexes formed from it are described.
Structural variations in metal complexes of a tertiary α-hydroxyoxime
Authors: D'Alessio Daniel , Lombardo Daniel M. , Vaughan Jamila G. , Skelton Brian W. , Barnard Keith R. , Ogden Mark. I.
Published: December 2014

A ligand based on commercial solvent extractant is found to support mono-, di-, and tri-nuclear coordination complexes.
Stability of inverted organic solar cells with ZnO contact layers deposited from precursor solutions
Authors: MacLeod Bradley A. , Tremolet de Villers Bertrand J. , Schulz Philip , Ndione Paul F. , Kim Hyungchul , Giordano Anthony J. , Zhu Kai , Marder Seth R. , Graham Samuel , Berry Joseph J. , Kahn Antoine , Olson Dana C.
Published: December 2014

Interstitial zinc defects in solution-processed ZnO can be mitigated by using a diethylzinc precursor instead of zinc acetate, or by modifying the ZnO surface with a phosphonic acid, resulting in improved organic solar cell stability.
Perovskite promoted iron oxide for hybrid water-splitting and syngas generation with exceptional conversion
Authors: He Feng , Li Fanxing
Published: December 2014

Under a cyclic redox mode, a perovskite promoted iron oxide exhibited 77% steam-to-hydrogen conversion in a layered reverse-flow reactor.
Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization modeling in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Fengwen , Lin Tian , Feng Jialiang , Fu Huaiyu , Guo Zhigang
Published: December 2014

Providing quantitative information on the sources of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban regions is vital to establish effective abatement strategies for air pollution in a megacity.
Optically anisotropic substrates via wrinkle-assisted convective assembly of gold nanorods on macroscopic areas
Authors: Tebbe Moritz , Mayer Martin , Glatz Bernhard A. , Hanske Christoph , Probst Patrick T. , Müller Mareen B. , Karg Matthias , Chanana Munish , König Tobias A. F. , Kuttner Christian , Fery Andreas
Published: December 2014

We demonstrate the large-scale organisation of anisotropic nanoparticles into linear assemblies displaying optical anisotropy on macroscopic areas. Monodisperse gold nanorods with a hydrophilic protein shell are arranged by dip-coating on wrinkled surfaces and subsequently transferred to indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by capillary transfer printing. We elucidate how tuning the wrinkle amplitude enables us to precisely adjust the assembly morphology and fabricate single, double and triple nanorod lines. For the single lines, we quantify the order parameter of the assemblies as well as interparticle distances from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. We find an order parameter of 0.97 and a mean interparticle gap size of 7 nm. This combination of close to perfect uni-axial alignment and close-packing gives rise to pronounced macroscopic anisotropic optical properties due to strong plasmonic coupling. We characterise the optical response of the assemblies on ITO-coated glass via UV/vis/NIR spectroscopy and determine an optical order parameter of 0.91. The assemblies are thus plasmonic metamaterials, as their periodicity and building block sizes are well below the optical wavelength. The presented approach does not rely on lithographic patterning and provides access to functional materials, which could have applications in subwavelength waveguiding, photovoltaics, and for large-area metamaterial fabrication.
Optimization of transition metal nanoparticle-phosphonium ionic liquid composite catalytic systems for deep hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions
Authors: Banerjee Abhinandan , Scott Robert W. J.
Published: December 2014

Stable metal nanoparticles in tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids can catalyze hydrogenations, as well as phenol hydrodeoxygenation, owing to presence of adventitious borates.
Structural elucidation of whole lignin from Eucalyptus based on preswelling and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Wen Jia-Long , Sun Shao-Long , Yuan Tong-Qi , Sun Run-Cang
Published: December 2014

The structural elucidation of whole lignin in the plant cell wall is extremely important for providing a representative lignin to understand the molecular characteristics of lignin in plants, and develop lignin-based polymers and green chemicals under the current biorefinery scenario.
A synergistic biorefinery based on catalytic conversion of lignin prior to cellulose starting from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Parsell Trenton , Yohe Sara , Degenstein John , Jarrell Tiffany , Klein Ian , Gencer Emre , Hewetson Barron , Hurt Matt , Kim Jeong Im , Choudhari Harshavardhan , Saha Basudeb , Meilan Richard , Mosier Nathan , Ribeiro Fabio , Delgass W. Nicholas , Chapple Clint , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. , Agrawal Rakesh , Abu-Omar Mahdi M.
Published: December 2014

One step conversion of lignin from intact biomass to two phenol products, improving access to aromatics and fuels.
Plasma-enabled sustainable elemental lifecycles: honeycomb-derived graphenes for next-generation biosensors and supercapacitors
Authors: Seo Dong Han , Pineda Shafique , Yick Samuel , Bell John , Han Zhao Jun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: December 2014

Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGS) transformed from honeycomb are used for high-performance supercapacitors and selective detection of amyloid-beta (Aβ) species.
Evidence for an unorthodox firing sequence employed by the Berlin Painter: deciphering ancient ceramic firing conditions through high-resolution material characterization and replication
Authors: Cianchetta I. , Trentelman K. , Maish J. , Saunders D. , Foran B. , Walton M. , Sciau Ph. , Wang T. , Pouyet E. , Cotte M. , Meirer F. , Liu Y. , Pianetta P. , Mehta A.
Published: December 2014

The firing conditions used to produce an Athenian vessel in the 5th century B.C. were determined by XANES spectroscopy.
What are the active carbon species during graphene chemical vapor deposition growth?
Authors: Shu Haibo , Tao Xiao-Ming , Ding Feng
Published: December 2014

Surface active carbon species depend on the type of metal substrates during graphene chemical vapor deposition, which implies different growth modes of graphene on the transition-metal surfaces.
Stamping colloidal photonic crystals: a facile way towards complex pixel colour patterns for sensing and displays
Authors: Ding Tao , Smoukov Stoyan K. , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: December 2014

Imprint lithography can be a versatile technique for the patterning of colloidal photonic crystals.
Near-instant surface-selective fluorogenic protein quantification using sulfonated triarylmethane dyes and fluorogen activating proteins
Authors: Yan Qi , Schmidt Brigitte F. , Perkins Lydia A. , Naganbabu Matharishwan , Saurabh Saumya , Andreko Susan K. , Bruchez Marcel P.
Published: December 2014

A bis-sulfonate linker modified malachite green fluorogen improves its specificity and allows rapid, no-wash labeling of receptors on living cells.
Pulsed-laser and quantum mechanics study of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and methyl methacrylate free-radical copolymerization
Authors: Rooney Thomas R. , Mavroudakis Evangelos , Lacík Igor , Hutchinson Robin A. , Moscatelli Davide
Published: December 2014

Improved control over polymer microstructure is achieved by radical copolymerization of n-butyl cyanoacrylate with methacrylates.
Surface modification of carbon nanotubes by combination of mussel inspired chemistry and SET-LRP
Authors: Wan Qing , Liu Meiying , Tian Jianwen , Deng Fengjie , Zeng Guangjian , Li Zhen , Wang Ke , Zhang Qingsong , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wei Yen
Published: December 2014

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes by the combination of mussel inspired chemistry and SET-LRP has been reported for the first time.
Catalytic enantioselective organic transformations via visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Chengfeng , Lu Zhan
Published: December 2014

Enantioselective transformations via visible light photocatalysis are discussed and could have a strong impact on asymmetric photoreactions.
I2catalyzed tandem protocol for synthesis of quinoxalines via sp3, sp2and sp C–H functionalization
Authors: Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Kalmode Hanuman P. , Murugan Kaliyappan , Chaskar Atul C.
Published: December 2014

An efficient metal-free tandem protocol for the synthesis of quinoxalinesviasp3, sp2and sp C–H functionalization has been developed.
A cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene: synthesis and host–guest complexation with long linear acids
Authors: Wu Gui-yuan , Shi Bing-bing , Lin Qi , Li Hui , Zhang You-ming , Yao Hong , Wei Tai-bao
Published: December 2014

A cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene has been synthesized and revealed to encapsulate linear acids in neutral, alkaline, and acidic conditions, driven by the hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions.
Glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquid over Cr3+-modified ion exchange resin
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Hongwei , Li Yuan , Yang Wei , Song Changhua , Li Huaming , Zhu Wenshuai , Jiang Wei
Published: December 2014

Cr3+-D001-cc resin shows excellent catalytic performance for the dehydration of glucose to 5-hydromethylfurfural, which is prepared by a simple ion-exchange method.
Zirconocene dichloride catalysed one-pot synthesis of pyrroles through nitroalkene-enamine assembly
Authors: Goyal Sandeep , Patel Jatinkumar K. , Gangar Mukesh , Kumar Kapil , Nair Vipin A.
Published: December 2014

Zirconocene dichloride was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of multi-substituted pyrroles by a three-component, one-pot reaction.
(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3:Eu3+/Bi3+: a novel, highly efficient, red light-emitting material with superior water resistance behavior
Authors: Zhang Qiwei , Sun Haiqin , Kuang Tao , Xing Ruiguang , Hao Xihong
Published: December 2014

Materials emitting red light (∼611 nm) under excitation with blue light (440–470 nm) are highly desired for fabricating high-performance white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Synthesis of porous MgAl2O4 spinel and its superior performance for organic dye adsorption
Authors: Tian Junying , Tian Peng , Ning Guiling , Pang Hongchang , Song Qiang , Cheng Hang , Fang Haixia
Published: December 2014

Hierarchical and porous MgAl2O4 spinel with excellent absorption performance has been synthesized via a facile hard template process.
Lanthanide complexes with 3,4,5-triethoxybenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis, crystal structures, thermal decomposition mechanism and phase transformation kinetics
Authors: Qi Xiao-Xia , Ren Ning , Xu Su-Ling , Zhang Jian-Jun , Zong Guang-Cai , Gao Jie , Geng Li-Na , Wang Shu-Ping , Shi Shi-Kao
Published: December 2014

In the temperature range of 280 to 350 K, there is a solid-to-solid phase transition for each complex, which is further evidenced by four thermal circulating processes with the scanning rate of 10 K min−1.
Synthesis of 7a-phenyl-1a,7a-dihydro-benzopyrano[2,3-b]azirin-7-ones via photoisomerization reaction
Authors: Wang Qiuya , Zhang Zunting , Zhang Xi , Zhang Jin , Kang Yang , Peng Jufang
Published: December 2014

An environmentally friendly and novel protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 7a-phenyl-1a,7a-phenyl-benzopyrano[2,3-b]azirin-7-ones in moderate to high yieldsviathe photoisomerization of 4-phenyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazoles.
Protective effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice
Authors: Zhai Qixiao , Xiao Yue , Tian Fengwei , Wang Gang , Zhao Jianxin , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Yong Q. , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: December 2014

Lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk protects against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice by increasing cadmium excretion and antioxidative abilities during fermentation.
Cyclic voltammetric deposition of discrete nickel phosphide clusters with mesoporous nanoparticles on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Mao-Sung , Chung Che-Ju , Ceng Zhi-Zhen
Published: December 2014

Largely spaced Ni5P4 nanoclusters are grown on FTO glass using cyclic voltammetric deposition which includes anodic dissolution of Ni-rich regions following the cathodic deposition, leading to a better activity than Pt in the I−/I3− electrolyte.
Hydrolytic polycondensation of diethoxydimethylsilane in carbonic acid
Authors: Kalinina A. A. , Elmanovich I. V. , Temnikov M. N. , Pigaleva M. A. , Zhiltsov A. S. , Gallyamov M. O. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2014

The new process for producing silicones, characterized by controllable ratio between linear and cyclic products and based on chlorine-free reagents, is suggested.
Functionalized protein nanoemulsions by incorporation of chemically modified BSA
Authors: Loureiro Ana , Abreu Ana S. , Sárria Marisa Passos , Figueiredo Mafalda C. O. , Saraiva Lígia M. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , Gomes Andreia C. , Cavaco-Paulo Artur
Published: December 2014

BSA-bioconjugates were synthesized for production of functionalized protein-based nanoemulsions using high pressure homogenization. These PEGylated nanoemulsions are designed for intravenous administration and drug delivery.
Tandem Click-Suzuki reactions in a novel flow reactor incorporating immobilized and exchangeable reagents
Authors: Tu Noah P. , Sarris Kathy , Djuric Stevan W.
Published: December 2014

A custom-built modular flow reactor featuring immobilized reagents in exchangeable cartridges has been developed.
Iron(iii) halide or iodine-promoted synthesis of 3-haloindene derivatives from o-alkynylarene chalcones
Authors: Akbar Sikkandarkani , Srinivasan Kannupal
Published: December 2014

The treatment of o-alkynylarene chalcones with ferric halides/iodine affords 3-haloindene derivatives in good yields.
New junction materials by the direct growth of ZnO NWs on organic semiconductors
Authors: Nair Santhosh S. , Kolodziejczyk Bartlomiej , West Keld , Hansen Thomas Steen , Adeloju Sam B. , Forsythe John S. , Winther-Jensen Bjorn
Published: December 2014

ZnO NWs were directly grown on vapour phase polymerised (VPP) PEDOT. I–V measurements of the ZnO grown on PEDOT showed an ohmic contact, whereas a PEDOT electrode sandwiched on top of ZnO NWs produced a Schottky contact.
Examining the relationship between 2D diagrammatic conventions and students' success on representational translation tasks in organic chemistry
Authors: Olimpo Jeffrey T. , Kumi Bryna C. , Wroblewski Richard , Dixon Bonnie L.
Published: December 2014

Two-dimensional (2D) diagrams are essential in chemistry for conveying and communicating key knowledge about disciplinary phenomena. While experts are adept at identifying, interpreting, and manipulating these representations, novices often are not. Ongoing research efforts in the field suggest that students' effective use of concrete and virtual manipulatives can support their development of representational competence in the domain. However, as these affordances are not always present within the learning environment, it is imperative that educators evaluate the influence diagrammatic conventions have on student success in the discipline, specifically on tasks requiring translation between two, 2D diagrams. In this study, we adopt a quantitative approach to examine students' accuracy at translating between Dash–Wedge and Newman projections, as well as Dash–Wedge and Fischer projections when the conventions of each of these representations are varied (e.g., staggeredvs.eclipsed conformation of the Dash–Wedge diagram, rotation of the Newman Projection). Results indicate two important findings. First, students perform significantly better on Dash–Wedge to Newman tasks when the Newman projection has undergone no rotation (i.e., when the two representations are exact conformers of one another) compared to simple or complex rotations. Second, students' degree of success on Dash–Wedge to Fischer translation tasks is directly related to the conformation and spatial arrangement of substituents on the Dash–Wedge diagram, with poorer performance noted on tasks in which the visuospatial conformation of the Dash–Wedge representation is both staggered and inconsistent with the participants' preferred viewing perspective. Together, these data reaffirm the need to explore in greater detail how 2D diagrammatic conventions impact novices' ability to successfully translate between representations in organic chemistry.
Coarse-grained simulation of dynamin-mediated fission
Authors: Fuhrmans Marc , Müller Marcus
Published: December 2014

We present computer simulations testing different hypotheses of how dynamin facilitates fission by constriction and curvature. Our results emphasize the importance of the local creation of a positive curvature and reveal that the topological transformation can become arrested if the proteins constituting the fission machinery are not adaptive.
Highly enhanced plasmonic photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl/TiO2 by CuO co-catalyst
Authors: Shah Zameer Hussain , Wang Jiasheng , Ge Yuzhen , Wang Cui , Mao Wenxin , Zhang Shufen , Lu Rongwen
Published: December 2014

The role of CuO as a co-catalyst was studied on plasmonic photocatalysis of Ag/AgCl/TiO2, and it was found that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and phenol under visible light was highly enhanced when CuO was incorporated into Ag/AgCl/TiO2.
Synthesis of TiO2 decorated Co3O4 acicular nanowire arrays and their application as an ethanol sensor
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Gao Zhenfei , Liu Chao , Zhang Yunhan , Tu Zhiqiang , Yang Xiaopeng , Yang Fan , Wen Zhen , Zhu Liping , Liu Rui , Li Yongfeng , Cui Lishan
Published: December 2014

A novel heterostructure of TiO2 modified Co3O4 (TiO2/Co3O4) acicular nanowire (NW) arrays has been fabricated. After decoration of TiO2 the TiO2/Co3O4 NW array sensor exhibits a much higher response to ethanol compared with the Co3O4 NW sensor.
A monolithic and standalone solar-fuel device having comparable efficiency to photosynthesis in nature
Authors: Jeon Hyo Sang , Koh Jai Hyun , Park Se Jin , Jee Michael Shincheon , Ko Doo-Hyun , Hwang Yun Jeong , Min Byoung Koun
Published: December 2014

A standalone solar-fuel device producing CO from CO2 is developed via integration with a solution processed CIGS module and electrocatalysts, achieving a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency over 4%.
K2Ln(PO4)(WO4):Tb3+,Eu3+ (Ln = Y, Gd and Lu) phosphors: highly efficient pure red and tuneable emission for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wen Dawei , Feng Jiajun , Li Junhao , Shi Jianxin , Wu Mingmei , Su Qiang
Published: December 2014

K2Tb0.5Eu0.5(PO4)(WO4) red phosphor with an internal quantum efficiency of 76.45% is produced. Furthermore, the luminescence colour can be tuned from green to red by adjusting the ratio of Tb3+ and Eu3+.
A strong influence of the positions of solubilizing alkyl side chains on optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of TTBTBTT-based conjugated polymers
Authors: Akkuratov A. V. , Susarova D. K. , Moskvin Y. L. , Anokhin D. V. , Chernyak A. V. , Prudnov F. A. , Novikov D. V. , Babenko S. D. , Troshin P. A.
Published: December 2014

It has been shown that positions and relative orientation of the alkyl side chains in the carbazole–TTBTBTT co-polymers affect significantly their optoelectronic, charge transport and photovoltaic properties.
Recent advances of the emitters for high performance deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Xu Xianbin , Zhou Guijiang
Published: December 2014

Recent advances in deep-blue emitters furnishing high performance OLEDs and associated critical issues are discussed and reviewed.
High-yield synthesis of gold nanoribbons by using binary surfactants
Authors: Xu Yong , Wang Xuchun , Chen Lei , Zhao Yang , He Liu , Yang Peipei , Wu Haihua , Bao Feng , Zhang Qiao
Published: December 2014

Gold nanoribbons with high morphological yield and great SERS performance have been successfully prepared by using binary surfactants.
Enhancing the bit error rate of indoor visible light communication systems using adaptive channel estimation algorithm
Authors: Zhang Tian , Guo Shuxu , Chen Haipeng , Zhong Fei , Ma Chunyang
Published: December 2014

In this study, the authors propose an adaptive channel estimation algorithm for asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing visible light communication (VLC) systems and analyse its optimal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) threshold through the simulation experiments. The novel estimation scheme combines the advantages of orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm and least‐square discrete Fourier transform algorithm. It is robust to the changes in channel distribution and SNR range. The performance for a VLC system using 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation is presented in terms of mean square error (MSE) and uncoded bit error rate. In the high SNR range, the proposed scheme improves the MSE up to more than 10 dB.
Characteristics of wrong‐way driving on motorways in Japan
Authors: Xing Jian
Published: December 2014

Characteristics of wrong‐way incidents and crashes that occurred on the entire motorway network in Japan are analysed in this study with an emphasis on wrong‐way crashes. Nearly 40% of vehicles in wrong‐way crashes took U‐turns on the main carriageway, followed by 20% entering the wrong way at interchanges after passing the tollgate, 18% before passing the tollgate and 12% at rest areas. Wrong entries and suspected dementia were the two main contributing factors for wrong‐way crashes, each accounting for nearly 30% of the total number of wrong‐way crashes, followed by each 8–10% for confusion with ordinary road, taking U‐turns on the main carriageway and driving under the influence of alcohol. Most wrong‐way crashes because of wrong entries were caused by older drivers over the age of 60 (61%) and young drivers (22%) and most of those because of confusion with ordinary road were also caused by older drivers (86%). All the wrong‐way crashes caused by suspected dementia were by older drivers over the age of 65 and occurred between 4–10 p.m. Finally some applications of recent ITS technologies to prevent wrong‐way driving that have been implemented recently on motorways in Japan are briefly introduced.
Slotted waveguide antenna with a near‐field focused beam in one plane
Authors: Clauzier Sébastien , Avrillon Stéphane , Le Coq Laurent , Himdi Mohamed , Colombel Franck , Rochefort Erwan
Published: December 2014

A slotted waveguide providing a two‐dimensional near‐field focused beam is presented. This antenna focuses the beam in the E‐plane and provides a wide beam in the H‐plane in order to illuminate a linear array as reflect‐ or transmit‐array antenna with a small width (100 mm) and a very large length (1530 mm) located in the near‐field region. The simulated field distribution on the array is found to be in very good agreement with the measurement of a prototype at 9.41 GHz.
Market value of solar power: Is photovoltaics cost‐competitive?
Authors: Hirth Lion
Published: December 2014

This paper reviews the economics of solar power as a source of grid‐connected electricity generation. It is widely acknowledged that costs of solar power have declined, but there is disagreement how its economic value should be calculated. ‘Grid parity’, comparing generation costs to the retail price, is an often used yet flawed metric for economic assessment, as it ignores grid fees, levies, and taxes. It also fails to account for the fact that electricity is more valuable at some points in time and at some locations than that at others. A better yardstick than the retail price is solar power's ‘market value’. This paper explains why, and provides empirical estimates of the solar market value from a literature review, German spot market analysis, and the numerical electricity market model EMMA. At low penetration rates (<2–5%) solar power's market value turns out to be higher than the average wholesale electricity price – mainly, because the sun tends to shine when electricity demand is high. With increasing penetration, the market value declines – the solar premium turns into a solar penalty. In Germany, the value of solar power has fallen from 133% of the average electricity price to 98% as solar penetration increased from zero to 4.7%. This value drop is steeper than wind power's value drop, because solar generation is more concentrated in time. As a consequence, large‐scale solar deployment without subsidies will be more difficult to accomplish than many observers have anticipated.
Search for liquids electrospraying the smallest possible nanodrops in vacuo
Authors: Alonso-Matilla R. , Fernández-García J. , Congdon H. , Fernández de la Mora J.
Published: December 2014

Prior work with electrosprays in vacuum of mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and the moderately high boiling point (Tb) solvents formamide (FM) and propylene carbonate (PC) (Tb of 210 and 241 °C) has shown that the charged drops produced have reasonably narrow charge/mass distributions, controllable over a wide mass/charge range. This enables their use as propellants in electrical propulsion with specific impulse Isp varying from a few hundred to a few thousand seconds (10 kV beam energy) and with excellent propulsion efficiency. However, some limitations are imposed by the finite room temperature volatility of FM and PC. Here, we seek improved performance from propellants based on the polar but viscous solvent Sulfolane (SF; ε = 43.2, μ = 10.3 cP) and the low viscosity but less polar solvent tributyl phosphate (TBP; ε = 8.9, μ = 3.4 cP), both with Tb > 280 °C. Neither TBP nor its low viscosity mixtures with SF achieve the electrical conductivities needed to yield high Isp. Most ILs used in SF/IL mixtures tested were based on the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI) or 1,3-dimethylimidazolium (DMI) cations, including EMI-BF4, EMI-N(CN)2, and DMI-N(CN)2. These combinations reach high conductivities, some approaching 3 S/m, but have limited propulsive performance because evaporation of ions directly from the electrified meniscus produces undesirable mixed beams of drops and ions. Exceptional characteristics are found in mixtures of SF with ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), where the small EA+ cation is strongly bound to the solvent, greatly delaying ion evaporation from the meniscus. Evidence on the formation of nano-jets with diameters as small as 1 nm is seen. Although unprecedented, this finding agrees with what would be expected if ion evaporation were suppressed. SF/EAN mixtures thus provide the best available sources to produce the smallest possible nanodrops, minimally polluted by ions.
Microscopic diamond solid-immersion-lenses fabricated around single defect centers by focused ion beam milling
Authors: Jamali Mohammad , Gerhardt Ilja , Rezai Mohammad , Frenner Karsten , Fedder Helmut , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: December 2014

Recent efforts to define microscopic solid-immersion-lenses (SIL) by focused ion beam milling into diamond substrates that are registered to a preselected single photon emitter are summarized. We show how we determine the position of a single emitter with at least 100 nm lateral and 500 nm axial accuracy, and how the milling procedure is optimized. The characteristics of a single emitter, a Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) center in diamond, are measured before and after producing the SIL and compared with each other. A count rate of 1.0 × 106 counts/s is achieved with a [111] oriented NV center.
Relations between environmental noise and electronic coupling for optimal exciton transfer in one- and two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous quantum systems
Authors: Forgy Charles C. , Mazziotti David A.
Published: December 2014

Recent studies have indicated that environmental noise may increase energy-transfer efficiency in quantum systems. For homogeneous networks of chromophores previous studies have primarily considered excitonic transport in one-dimensional (linear) networks. In our study, we expand previous research to a two-dimensional fully coupled topology of chromophore molecules. We demonstrate that not only does an optimal dephasing rate exist in both one- and two-dimensional networks but also that it increases in magnitude with increasing coupling strength between chromophores. Optimal transport occurs when the noise quenches the entanglement between local modes that prevent the exciton from moving efficiently to the target site. We find that these results are insensitive to minor site defects such as those found in realistic systems. We contrast these findings to systems with a high degree of inhomogeneity, in which the optimal dephasing rate is largely set by the system topology and does not vary significantly with respect to coupling strength. Our findings have potential applications to systems such as quantum dot arrays and carbon nanotube structures.