bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion of operators involved in a process of calibration using genetic algorithms for a surface water quality model to work with the tool Qual2Kw
Authors: Vera-Puerto Ismael Leonardo , Lara-Borrero Jaime Andrés
Published: February 2024

At the beginning of the process of calibration of a water quality model, using the computational tool Qual2kw that includes a genetic algorithm as a mathematical tool for calibration, it is necessary to introduce some operators for the start of the calibration process that seeks the best combination of constants that represent the reality of the current in terms of water quality. In this work are made general recommendations on three operators that uses genetic algorithm: the seed used, the number of generations and the numberof populations; mainly the latter two are important because they involve partners computational times, since a combination that creates many runs could not present significant variations in the total adjustment of the model, so that a combination “optimal” could give good solutions in reasonable time. This study found that indeed there are points where the improvement in the quality of adjustment does not increase more than 5% variation in the value obtained by the function of error, so it is possible to recommend certain values for use by the modeler at the time of use this tool.
Deep Learning-Based Audio-Visual Speech Recognition for Bosnian Digits
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Fazli Husein , Almisre Ali Abd ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Md Tahir Nooritawati ,   Applied College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2024

This study presents a deep learning-based solution for audio-visual speech recognition of Bosnian digits. The task posed a challenge due to the lack of an appropriate Bosnian language dataset, and this study outlines the approach to building a new dataset. The proposed solution includes two components: visual speech recognition, which involves lip reading, and audio speech recognition. For visual speech recognition, a combined CNN-RNN architecture was utilised, consisting of two CNN variants namely Google Net and ResNet-50. These architectures were compared based on their performance, with ResNet-50 achieving 72% accuracy and Google Net achieving 63% accuracy. The RNN component used LSTM. For audio speech recognition, FFT is applied to obtain spectrograms from the input speech signal, which are then classified using a CNN architecture. This component achieved an accuracy of 100%. The dataset was split into three parts namely for training, validation, and testing purposes such that 80%, 10% and 10% of data is allocated to each part, respectively. Furthermore, the predictions from the visual and audio models were combined that yielded 100% accuracy based on the developed dataset. The findings from this study demonstrate that deep learning-based methods show promising results for audio-visual speech recognition of Bosnian digits, despite the challenge of limited Bosnian language datasets.
Book Review: Simon Hayhoe «Blind Visitor Experiences at Art Museums»
Authors: Prilevskaia S.A. , Basilova T.A.
Published: February 2024

The review introduces the book “The Experience of Blind Visitors to Art Museums” by Simon Hayhoe, a famous philosopher and professor at the University of Bath (UK), and presents the experience of blind visitors to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, as well as the experience of blind artists such as Esref Armagan and others. The author tries to answer the following questions: why do blind people want to visit art museums if they cannot see the works of fine art and cannot even touch them? How do people whose vision is impaired or absent understand the fine arts if this comprehension is possible primarily through visual perception? What are the consequences of vision loss for a sense of self-identity in a cultural space? Simon Hayhoe believes that blind and visually impaired people enter the world of fine art due to the existence of another, non-sensory dimension. And the portal which connects the materiality of works of art with the world of non-verbal awareness is outside of perceptual knowledge. This “bridge” between conscious and nonverbal knowledge is described as a transition that is provided by the museum environment and by the knowledge of the pieces of art and the whole cultural context. The very atmosphere of museums, galleries, and cultural heritage sites promotes contact between the spiritual world of visitors and works of art.
The Impact of Video Games on Cognitive Processes. Review of Modern Research
Authors: Lapteva N.M.
Published: February 2024

This review is aimed at systematizing the results of empirical and meta-analytical work on the problem of the influence of video games on cognitive processes. Psychology has accumulated a lot of facts indicating that computer games have positive effects, but sometimes it is impossible to fix them. Analysis of the literature has shown that video games have a positive effect on cognitive processes, but the size of this effect depends on the genre of the game. There is a largest effect of puzzle-games and the “arcade” genre on spatial thinking. “Action”, “shooter”, and “arcade” games have small but significant effects on some aspects of perceptual processing, as well as “action” games have a strong positive effect on problem solving speed. The effects on executive functions were small. A review of modern trends in gamification has shown that video games can be effective in teaching specific professional skills, for example, in the field of medicine, and in the treatment of psychological disorders, in particular dementia. The effectiveness of videogames as a part of cognitive learning products has not been confirmed, this area needs to be studied in more details. At the same time, only moderate video gaming is safe for development. Studies show that excessive video game passion causes gaming addiction and negatively affects attention, academic performance and emotional state. An analysis of the literature has shown that video games potentially have a positive effect on cognitive processes, but the size of this effect depends on the genre of the game. There is a largest effects of puzzle-games and the «arcade» genre on spatial thinking. «Action», «shooter», and «arcade» games have small but significant effects on some aspects of perceptual processing, as well as «action» games have a strong positive effect on problem solving speed. The effects on executive functions were small. A review of modern trends in gamification has shown that video games can be effective in teaching specific professional skills, for example, in the field of medicine, and in the treatment of certain psychological disorders, in particular dementia. The effectiveness of videogames as part of cognitive learning products has not been confirmed, this area need more detailed research. At the same time, despite the some positive effects of computer games, only moderate gaming is safe for development, studies show that excessive video game passion causes the gambling addiction and negatively affects attention, academic performance and emotional state.
Self-Rated Depression Scales in Chinese Adolescents: a Reliability Analysis
Authors: Zhang C.
Published: February 2024

This paper reviews several studies on depressive tendencies among adolescents in some regions of China (Jinan, the capital city of Shandong Province, Changsha, the capital city of Hunan Province, rural Yueyang County in Hunan Province, inner-city Beijing, and suburban Beijing), and evaluates scientificity of research processes as well as the validity of several depression questionnaires, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-C), the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item Depression Screen (PHQ-2-C) of adolescents. It also examines the shortcomings of multiple depression questionnaires in assessing depression among teenagers in various regions, as well as the causes behind them, taking into consideration regional differences in economic and educational development. It was concluded that when used with adolescents across China, each of the depression scales produced good results, that the CES-D is more sensitive to gender differences in adolescent depression than the SDS and BDI-II-C.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Crowd Motion and Firecracker Explosions in the Fireworks Show
Authors: Lin Jiangnan , Jiang Wenbin , Zhou Yong , Liu Bin , Zhao Minghui , Xiao Zhuo , Cao Lingmin , Xu Min
Published: February 2024

Urban seismology has recently emerged as a vibrant scientific field, driven by the growing interest in seismic signals generated by major public events, sports gatherings, and transportation services. However, deploying dense traditional seismometers in economically active, densely populated urban areas with heavy traffic poses significant challenges. In this study, we conducted a field experiment utilizing distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology during a fireworks display in Guangzhou on 5 February 2023. About 572 m of optical fiber was turned into 286 seismic sensors and deployed on LingShan Island to monitor various vibration signals generated during the fireworks show. Our analysis revealed substantial correlations between crowd motions during different phases of the event and ambient noise features recorded by DAS. Moreover, the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise with its dispersion characteristics pointed to near-field pedestrian activity as the primary noise source. Real-time heat maps of human crowd motions were reconstructed from DAS recording, offering significant insights into the variations of activity intensity across different locations. Discerning fireworks events on the DAS array is more effective than on a scattered seismometer array, because it is easier to ensure that the same event is picked for all the sites in the DAS dense linear configuration. The DAS data inspection allowed us to pick up a total of 549 firecracker explosions in comparison to the seismometer data that only allowed us to detect 116 firecracker events. The heights of fireworks were located by the grid-search method and predominantly distributed at 75–300 m, closely aligning with actual fireworks explosion locations. Our findings underscore that the DAS technology can monitor crowd motion and detect vibration signals in the air, bridging the gap between fundamental earth science research and human social activities.
Interprofessional Education to Impact Professional Nursing Clinical Practice
Authors: Penrod Debra , Whittington Kelli , Blumenstock Erica
Published: February 2024

Since the Joint Commission issued its roadmap for hospitals in 2010 outlining the need for interprofessional collaboration for safety, quality, and effectiveness in patient care, institutions have sought to improve the healthcare environment. While communication and teamwork have improved in recent years, the Joint Commission and the World Health Organization have continued to stress the importance of the key components of interprofessional collaboration: an understanding of other disciplines’ values/ethics and roles/responsibilities and the ability to communicate work as a team. Researchers have concluded the importance of introducing interprofessional education in pre-licensure settings to impact future healthcare professionals’ ability to collaborate with other disciplines in the workplace. Several nursing schools have implemented strategies for interprofessional education and are looking for new, innovative ways to simulate interprofessional collaboration for future practice.
Perianal warty dyskeratoma
Authors: Mohammed Otarid B. , Kadori Waad I. , Ebrahim Ebrahim , Gwea Ahmed , Telfah Hussam , Karzoun M. Zaki
Published: February 2024

Warty dyskeratoma is a rare keratinization disorder marked by acantholytic dyskeratosis and belongs to the spectrum of acantholytic dyskeratosis in dermatology. It was first documented in 1954 and typically manifests in the head, neck, oral mucosa, and trunk, with several cases reported since its discovery. A 35-year-old unmarried gentleman presented in April 2022 with a 5-year history of perineal itching and discomfort. His physical examination revealed a 7-8 centimeter perianal grouped papular plaque. His medical history was unremarkable, and he has no family history of similar conditions or other dermatological disorders. Lab results showed non-reactive rapid plasma reagin and human immunodeficiency antigen/antibody combo. Liver and renal function tests were within normal range as well. The microscopic findings revealed features including prominent hyperkeratosis, invagination filled with keratin, and the surrounding area exhibiting acantholysis and intercellular edema. In conjunction with the patient’s clinical presentation, this histological profile led to the diagnosis of warty dyskeratoma. After treatment with calcipotriene and other topical agents, the last presentation showed very good improvement; the physical examination indicated remarkable thin, flat, soft, grayish plaque in the perianal area. This case report presents a unique instance of warty dyskeratoma affecting the perianal area, shedding light on differential diagnosis and clinical management in this atypical context, which significantly broadens the understanding and emphasizing that the Warty dyskeratoma can manifest in diverse body regions, urging its consideration in the differential diagnosis of perianal papular lesions.
William Partlett, Herbert Küpper, The Post-Soviet as Post-Colonial. A New Paradigm for Understanding Constitutional Dynamics in the Former Soviet Empire, Edward Elgar Publ., Cheltenham-Northampton 2022
Authors: Czachor Rafał
Published: February 2024

Poniższa recenzja dotyczy niedawno wydanej monografii The Post-Soviet as Post-Colonial. A New Paradigm for Understanding Constitutional Dynamics in the Former Soviet Empire autorstwa W. Partletta i H. Küppera. W książce tej autorzy podjęli próbę analizy reform prawa ustrojowego dawnych państw postkomunistycznych w paradygmacie postkolonialnym. Recenzent wskazuje, że choć przyjęta perspektywa badawcza jest interesująca i w naukach prawnych mało popularna, rezultaty pracy nie są w pełni satysfakcjonujące. Wskazano, że błędne jest zbiorcze traktowanie wszystkich państw postkomunistycznych w kategoriach postradzieckości. Przyjęta przez autorów postkolonialna rama badawcza sprawdziła się w badaniu reform ustrojowych republik byłego Związku Radzieckiego, lecz nie jest dobrym narzędziem do badań innych państw Europy Środkowej.
Teachers’ attitudes on gamification: The Greek EFL context
Authors: Spathopoulou Filomachi , Pitychoutis Konstantinos M
Published: February 2024

This article explores teachers' attitudes towards the perceived usefulness and intention of using gamification in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. The study examines the impact of age, teaching experience, and educational background on teachers' attitudes towards gamification. The literature review highlights the potential benefits of gamification in enhancing student engagement, motivation, and positive learning behavior, as well as its potential to address affective factors and language skills. This quantitative study employed a correlational research design, involving a sample of 70 language instructors from five language schools in Greece. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research indicates that younger teachers are more willing to incorporate gamification into their lessons, while older teachers may require additional support. Teaching experience negatively influences teachers' intention to use gamification, indicating that less experienced teachers are more open to experimentation. Educational background, however, does not significantly impact teachers' intention to use gamification. Additionally, the study finds that the perceived usefulness of gamification is influenced by age, teaching experience, and attitudes towards control and student approval. The article concludes that while gamification can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes, its effectiveness depends on various factors. Recommendations include tailored training programs and support networks for older teachers and the promotion of collaborative communities to facilitate the integration of gamification in EFL classrooms. Further research is encouraged to explore public school EFL teachers' attitudes and develop effective strategies for gamification implementation.
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant’s Natural Extracts: Synthesis Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Bouttier-Figueroa Diego Carlos , Cortez-Valadez Jose Manuel , Flores-Acosta Mario , Robles-Zepeda Ramon Enrique
Published: February 2024

Metallic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in the sectors of health, electronics, optics, magnetism, bioremediation, chemistry, and materials science. Several methods used to produce nanoparticles are not friendly to the environment, so this review highlights the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare metallic nanoparticles to investigate an eco-friendly method. Plant extracts contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, amino acids, and proteins. The compounds present in the extracts can reduce metal ions from salts and allow the formation of nanoparticles. The fundamentals of the in-situ nanoparticle synthesis were reviewed, a list of various plants used, the mechanisms proposed for nanoparticle synthesis, and finally, applications in several areas were addressed.
Niepamięć i niedziałanie
Authors: Dobosz Kala
Published: February 2024

Autorka zarysowuje szereg kontekstów związanych z separatystyczną walką partyzantów z organizacji Tamilskie Tygrysy Wyzwolenia Eelamu, która doprowadziła do wojny domowej w Sri Lance trwającej od 1983 do 2009 roku. Wpisuje ją w zjawiska polityczno-społeczne związane z kolonializmem i globalizacją, poruszając problematykę kategoryzacji i ram, w jakich widziana jest historia Sri Lanki oraz jej, innych niż etniczne, konfliktów społecznych i politycznych. Historię walki Tamilskich Tygrysów prezentuje w kontekście równoległych walk toczonych w innych częściach kraju, ukazując kaskadowy charakter wojen i przemocy.
Książka zawiera chronologiczny opis rozwoju konfliktu – ostatecznie zamkniętego w ramach pojęciowych konfliktu etnicznego pomiędzy Tamilami i Syngalezami – oraz krytycznych punktów wcielanego po wojnie projektu pojednania. Autorka przygląda się, jak postrzegana jest w tym kontekście tamilska diaspora oraz jaki jest stosunek wobec wysuwanych przez nią wobec rządu oskarżeń o dokonanie ludobójstwa na tamilskiej mniejszości. Poruszane zagadnienia odnoszą się do kwestii wyłonionych z wywiadów przeprowadzonych przez autorkę w czasie jej badań w Holandii wśród osób z doświadczeniem uchodźczym oraz w Sri Lance, gdzie rozmawiała z pracownikami pozarządowych organizacji pomocowych i rozwojowych. Autorka wskazuje na nich jako na ważnych aktorów powojennego pejzażu. Prezentuje również szczególnie ważne uczestniczki procesu pojednania, jakimi są lankijskie kobiety. Oddaje także głos fizycznej przestrzeni, będącej świadkiem śmierci nie tylko żołnierzy obu walczących stron, ale też tysięcy cywilów, którzy znaleźli się pod koniec wojny w tzw. strefach bez ognia.
Una revisión bibliométrica del enfoque STEAM en educación universitaria 2010-2022
Authors: Tapullima-Mori Calixto , Pizzán-Tomanguillo Sandra Lucero , Pizzán-Tomanguillo Nieves del Pilar , Gómez Sangama Lorena Rocío , Vázquez Sánchez Miriam , Iñipe Cachay Milagros
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El presente estudio buscó explorar y caracterizar la producción científica del enfoque STEAM en la educación universitaria. Método: El estudio fue de diseño bibliométrico que analizó la base de datos de SCOPUS, se utilizó el programa VOSviewer, analyze search y la metodología PRISMA. Resultados: El enfoque STEAM se ha desarrollado en el campo de la educación universitaria a partir del 2010; no obstante, su continuidad entre 2012 y 2014 se vio afectada. Países como Estados Unidos y España lideran en la producción científica en revistas de alto impacto (Q1); además, los resultados reflejan la adecuada aplicabilidad del enfoque STEAM en el contexto universitario. Discusión: Los estudios poseen una marcada línea de estudio como ciencias sociales e ingeniería, por lo que permite el desarrollo de diversas habilidades en los estudiantes y promueve la solución de conflictos e innovación; no obstante, los resultados tienen que ser analizados con precaución.
Lived Experiences, Emotional and Psychological Needs of Covid-19 Emergency Service Nurses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Çelebi Cemile , Balcı Güngör Fatma , Sivrikaya İsmail , Çavdar İkbal
Published: February 2024

Nurses, who play an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, are exposed to emotional and psychological stress due to unforeseen risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of nurses who are at the forefront in the emergency department, where COVID-19 suspected cases are first encountered, and to analyze their emotional and psychological needs in the light of Alderfer's Existence-Relationship-Growth theory. Data were collected from 20 May to 15 June 2020 in Muğla, Türkiye. 10 nurses working in the COVID-19 emergency department constituted the study sample. The descriptive phenomenological study was planned according to the qualitative research paradigm, based on the Consolidated Qualitative Research Reporting Criteria checklist. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. As a result of the analysis of the data, when the psychological needs of clinical nurses were evaluated in terms of Existence-Relatedness-Growth theory, it was determined that their health and safety needs were priority and they needed respect and understanding in their relationships. The life experiences of nurses working in the emergency room, under two main themes as “patient care process experiences” and “feelings”, and their emotional and psychological needs under three themes as “need to exist”, “need to establish relationship” and “need to develop” gathered under. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that the existence, relationship, and growth needs of emergency nurses were affected by each other.
POTENTIAL OF RED OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) ETHANOL EXTRACT TO PROTECT AGAINST 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE-INDUCED DAMAGE IN RAT’S (Rattus norvegicus) Liver
Authors: Lukiteswari Dyah Tri Hapsari  , Kusuma Eko Purwantari  , Indri Safitri Mukono  , Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih  , Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira
Published: February 2024

Highlights:

Red okra pods have a potential antioxidant to protect against DMBA-induced damage in a rat’s liver.
The liver protection with ROE decreased reversible and irreversible cellular damage from 51.8% to 35%, 27.3%, and 18.9%.

 
Abstract
Background: Okra (Abelmonchus esculentus (L.) Moench) is a plant that has potential for humans and health because it contains high antioxidants such as polyphenols. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the red okra pods’ ethanol extract (ROE) antioxidant potential to protect rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) liver against damage by induction of 7, 12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Material and Method: The material used was various doses of red okra pods with ethanol as solvent. Twenty-five female rats (4 weeks, body weight 140—150 g) were divided into five groups: negative control (receiving a single dose of 0.5 mL corn oil as DMBA solvent), positive control (receiving a single dose induction of DMBA 80 mg/kg BW dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil), and treatment groups 1, 2, 3 (receiving a single dose of DMBA 80 mg/kg BW dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil and ROE of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively, daily for 35 days). On day 36, the livers were removed and prepared for histopathological observation using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The method of histopathological score was determined using an ordinal score. Result: The data were analyzed statistically (p>0.05). All ROE doses showed a significant decrease in the histopathological score of rats’ liver damage caused by DMBA-induced. The liver protection with ROE reduced the percentages of reversible and irreversible cellular damage from 51.8% to 35%, 27.3%, and 18.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The red okra pod ethanol extract can protect against DMBA-induced liver damage in rats.
EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKING AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION ON THE INCIDENCE OF ALVEOLAR OSTEITIS
Authors: Danang Dewantara Ananda Putra  , Indra Mulyawan  , Aris Setyawan
Published: February 2024

Highlights

Smoking is a notable and extensively debated risk factor for problems following tooth extraction, but research on electronic cigarettes remains scarce.
Electronic cigarettes contain various components comparable with those in conventional cigarettes, potentially resulting in similar chemical composition and effects on alveolar osteitis.

 
Abstract
Background: Tooth extraction is one of the minor dental surgical procedures involving the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity and has several possible complications. One potential risk is alveolar osteitis, also known as dry socket, which is an inflammation marked by intense pain and the dislodging of the blood clot. Smoking behavior is a significant risk factor for alveolar osteitis. Objective: This article aimed to analyze the effect of smoking and electronic cigarette ingredients on the incidence of alveolar osteitis after tooth extraction. Material and Methods: This research was conducted as a scoping review by performing thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Research published between 2013 and August 2023 in English language were assessed in this review. Result: A total of ten papers have been included in the analysis. Comparative studies consistently demonstrated that individuals who engage in smoking are at a significantly elevated risk of developing alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction. Discussion: Both conventional and electronic cigarettes can dislodge the blood clot that forms at the tooth socket after tooth extraction as a result of the sucking movement involved in smoking. Electronic cigarette components reduce oxygen delivery to healing tissues, hence accelerating fibrinolysis. Conclusion: Electronic cigarettes affect the occurrence of alveolar osteitis by the act of smoke inhaling and the presence of substances like carbon monoxide and nicotine.
SELECTION OF INDIGENOUS N-FIXING RHIZOBACTERIA FROM POST-TIN MINING AREAS
Authors: Wulandari D , Rosita R , Maulana A F , Mansur I , Kasam K
Published: February 2024

Tin mining is one industry that contributes to Indonesia’s economic development. However, because tin is always in high demand, this activity creates an environmental problem. Silica sand, the dominant soil in post-tin mining, is easily eroded by water and wind, resulting in soil nutrient deficiency including N. Because this condition makes it difficult for organisms to survive, rehabilitation is essential. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. N-fixing rhizobacteria are well-known for fixing N from the atmosphere, whether through symbiosis or otherwise. The goal of this study was to isolate indigenous N-fixing rhizobacteria from a post-tin mining area. The soybean plant was used as the testing plant. Three types of N-fixing rhizobacteria were isolated from the nodule of Acacia mangium growing in a post-tin mining area: B1, B2, and B3. To minimize the nutrient content in the growth media, the plant was grown in sterilized sand. Inoculated and non-inoculated soybean were grown in a greenhouse for three months without fertilizer. There were seven replications. Among the treatments, B3 had the highest soil and pod N content, best growth performance, nodule formation, and soybean production. This finding suggests that B3 could be used for future rehabilitation in the post-tin mining area.
Innovative Solution or Cause for Concern? The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in People Not Living with Diabetes: A Narrative Review.
Authors: Oganesova Zhanna , Pemberton John , Brown Adrian
Published: February 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant public health challenge. Prioritising its prevention is essential. With the growing interest in wearable health technologies continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) have expanded their scope, transitioning from exclusive use in diabetes management to lifestyle enhancement for individuals without diabetes. While CGMs primarily target glycaemic stabilization, their potential role in mitigating noncommunicable conditions, including T2DM, warrants exploration. This review examines the regulation of CGMs and critically assesses the purported benefits of CGMs for individuals without diabetes, as presented in the 'health and wellness' sector: (1) early dysglycaemia detection through glucose variability observation; (2) refining glycaemic control by tailoring nutrition according to postprandial glucose response; and (3) promoting and fine-tuning physical activity based on instantaneous data feedback. We find a lack of compelling evidence for the utility of CGMs in PNLD, including accuracy, data analysis and interpretation metrics, and user acceptability markedly under-researched. A paucity of research exists on the unanticipated negative consequences of CGM usage, such as obsessive symptom tracking and potential onset of disordered eating, like orthorexia. Given the increasing adoption of CGMs by individuals without diabetes, this review underscores the need of addressing these research gaps to ensure safety and reliability of CGMs in novel contexts. We emphasise the importance of refining CGM regulation in the UK, particularly when considering its ‘off-label’ use. Marrying robust scientific evidence with effective regulation is pivotal in fortifying the coherence, equity, and effectiveness of diabetes prevention initiatives, while protecting the wellbeing of CGM users.
Epidemiology of Suicide Mortality in Paraguay from 2005 to 2019: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Santacruz Ethel , Duarte-Zoilan Derlis , Benitez Rolandi Gilda , Canete Felicia , Smits Dins , Barengo Noel Christopher , Sequera Guillermo
Published: February 2024

Suicide is an important public health problem, fundamentally affecting the younger population and responding to multiple biological, psychological, and social causes. The objective of this study was to characterize changes suicide mortality, suicide methods and years of potential life lost during 2005 and 2019 in Paraguay. This observational, descriptive study used data from the Vital Statistics Information Subsystem of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. The average mortality rate from suicide was 4.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, with an increase from 4.2 between 200-2009 to 5.8 during 2014 and 2019. Suicide was more common in men (75%) than in women. In men, the highest mortality rate was observed among the 20-24 years-old whereas in women the age most affected were the 15–19-year-old age group. The most used method for suicide was strangulation. The most frequent places of suicide occurrence were at home (73%). The seasonality of suicide occurrence showed a slight increase in the spring-summer months compared with autumn winter (53% vs 47%). The rate of potential years of life lost statistically significantly increased from2005 to 2019. Public health measures need to be implemented to investigate the underlying reasons and to implement interventions in the population to decrease suicide mortality in Paraguay.
From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: the Origins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept
Authors: Paradiso Beatrice , Pauza Dainius , Limbaeck Clara , Ottaviani Giulia , Thiene Gaetano
Published: February 2024

In ancient Egyptian religion, psychostasis was the ceremony in which the deceased was judged before gaining access to the afterlife. This ritual was also known as the "weighing of the heart" or "weighing of the soul." The Egyptians believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of human wisdom, emotions, and memory. They were the first to recognize the cardiocentric nature of the body, identifying the heart as the center of the circulatory system. Aristotle (fourth century BC) considered the importance of the heart in human physiology in his philosophical analyses. For Galen (third century AD), the heart muscle was the site of the vital spirit, which regulated body temperature. Cardiology knowledge advanced significantly in the 15th century, coinciding with Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius's pioneering anatomical and physiological studies. It was William Harvey, in the 17th century, who introduced the concept of cardiac circulation. Servet's research and Marcello Malpighi's discovery of arterioles and capillaries provided a more detailed understanding of circulation. Richard Lower emerged as the foremost pioneer of experimental cardiology in the late 17th century. He demonstrated the heart's neural control by tying off the vagus nerve. In 1753, Albrecht von Haller, a professor at Göttingen, was the first to discover the heart's automaticity and the excitation of muscle fibers. Towards the end of the 18th century, Antonio Scarpa challenged the theories of Albrecht von Haller and Johann Bernhard Jacob Behrends, who maintained that the myocardium possessed its own "irritability," on which the heartbeat depended and was independent of neuronal sensitivity. Instead, Scarpa argued that the heart required innervation to maintain life, refuting Galenic notions. In contemporary times, the study of cardiac innervation has regained prominence, particularly in understanding the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), which frequently involves cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of the intrinsic cardiac innervation. Recently, it has been recognized that post-acute sequelae of ARIs (acute respiratory infections) due to other pathogens can also be a cause of long-term vegetative and somatic symptoms. Understanding cardiac innervation and modulation can help to recognize and treat long COVID and long non-COVID-19 ARIs.
A mini review on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and its role in blood pressure regulation
Authors: Alharbi Nora H. J
Published: February 2024

Incretin effect helps in regulating glucose homeostasis and maintaining glycaemic control within the human body. This effect is achieved by the two naturally occurring incretin hormones: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Such hormones released by specialized entero-endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract cause insulin augmentation after food consumption. However, incretin effects are impaired in type 2 diabetic, primarily attributed to the deterioration of GLP-1 function along with decreased GLP-1 receptor expression. Targeting this hormone has, therefore, become an important therapeutic approach to treat this diabetic condition. Native GLP-1’s brief half-life and rapid proteolytic degradation have generated significant enthusiasm in uncovering the long-acting GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists to manage type 2 diabetes. These synthetic peptides mimic the natural GLP-1 to activate GLP-1R and effectively exert various physiological benefits in terms of weight management, blood pressure, lipid profile, obesity and major adverse cardiovascular event. This review paper provides insights into the structure, function and expression of GLP-1 and its receptor. It also summarizes existing literature regarding different types of GLP-1 receptor agonists, their effects on blood pressure and how they exert their actions. While animal models have contributed significantly to this area of study, the scarcity of human studies is noted, indicating a need for more investigation in this domain. Expanding research in humans will help in comprehending the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on blood pressure regulation and their underlying mechanisms.
How Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Can Impact Market Design
Authors: Jawaid Syed Adnan , Qureshi Jamshir
Published: February 2024

Background: This research examines how market knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI) interact in different market designs such as business-to-business (B2B) settings while taking emerging technologies and the changing digitalization landscape into account. Objective: The main goal is to understand how AI affects market knowledge in different market designs such as business-to-business (B2B) contexts, taking into account language barriers, practical difficulties, and the revolutionary effects on decision-making and customer interactions. Result: They underscore the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) by highlighting how it shapes market knowledge, encourages customized approaches, and improves marketing efficacy in the business-to-business (B2B) space. Conclusion: In order to create a path for responsible AI integration in B2B marketing, the study concludes with recommendations for standardized terminology related to AI, practical insights into implementation challenges, and ethical issues.
Ultraminimally Invasive Surgery in Stress Urinary Incontinence Treatment: Prospective Comparative Analysis between Bulking Agent and Single Incision Sling.
Authors: Campanella Lorenzo , Gabrielli Gianluca , Chiodo Erika , Stefanachi Vitaliana , Pennacchini Ermelinda , Grilli Debora , Grossi Giovanni , Cignini Pietro , Morciano Andrea , Zullo Marzio Angelo , Palazzetti Pierluigi , Rappa Carlo , Calcagno Marco , Spina Vincenzo , Cervigni Mauro , Schiavi Michele Carlo
Published: February 2024

The study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bulking agents and single-incision slings in the treatment of urinary incontinence in 159 patients during a 29-month follow-up period. Of the 159 patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence, 64 were treated with bulking agents and 75 with a single incision sling. The ICIQ-UI-SF, PISQ-12, FSFI, FSDS, and PGI-I were used to assess efficiency and quality of life. In the 29-month follow-up, the bulking agents showed significantly increased efficacy and safety. Compared to the ones treated with a single-incision sling, the patients treated with bulking agents showed less and mild postoperative complications. Furthermore, at our follow-up there was no discernible difference in terms of effectiveness or quality of life between patients treated with bulking agents and those treated with single-incision slings
The Effect of Two Siderophore-Producing Bacillus Strains on the Promotional Growth of Perennial Ryegrass Under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Wu Ling Ling , Xie Li Yong , Li Xi Jun , Han Ming Rong , Yang Xue , Chang Fei Fei
Published: February 2024

Cadmium(Cd) is a highly toxic and cumulative environmental pollutant. Siderophores are heavy metal chelators with high tolerance to heavy metals such as Cd. Furthermore, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has potential remediation capacity for soils contaminated by heavy metals. Consequently, using ryegrass alongside beneficial soil microorganisms that produce siderophores may be an effective means to remediate soils contaminated with Cd. In this study, Bacillus strains WL1210 and CD303 that were previously isolated from the rhizospheres of Nitraria tangutorum in Wulan and Peganum harmala L in Dachaidan, respectively, both arid sandy environments, were evaluated for heavy metal pollution mitigation. The results indicate that both strains of Bacillus exhibit favorable biological characteristics and stress resistance, and they are both producers of siderophores, which promote the growth of ryegrass under Cd stress.
Quercetin, A Flavonoid With Great Pharmacological Capacity
Authors: Carrillo-Martinez Eber Josue , Flores-Hernández Flor Yohana , Salazar-Montes Adriana María , Nario-Chaidez Hector Fabián , Hernández-Ortega Luis Daniel
Published: February 2024

Quercetin is a flavonoid with a low molecular weight that belongs to the human diet's phenolic phytochemicals and non-energy constituents. Quercetin has a potent antioxidant capacity, being able to capture Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reactive nitro-gen species (RNS), and Reactive Chlorine Species (ROC), which act as reducing agents by chelating transition metal ions. Its structure has five functional hydroxyl groups, which work as electron donors and are responsible for capturing free radicals. In addition to its antioxidant capacity, it was described different pharmacological properties of Quercetin, such as carcinostatic properties, antiviral, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, protection of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and inhibi-tion of angiogenesis are developed in this review.
Involvement of the Cell Division Protein DamX in the Infection Process of Bacteriophage T4
Authors: Wenzel Sabrina , Hess Renate , Kiefer Dorothee , Kuhn Andreas
Published: February 2024

The molecular mechanism how the infecting DNA of bacteriophage T4 is passing from the capsid through the bacterial cell wall and entering the cytoplasm is essentially unknown. After adsorption, the short tail fibers of the infecting phage extend from the baseplate and trigger the contraction of the tail sheath, leading to a puncturing of the outer membrane by the tail tip needle composed of the proteins gp5.4, gp5 and gp27. To explore the events that occur in the periplasm and at the inner membrane, we have constructed T4 phage that have a modified gp27 in their tail tip with a His-tag. Shortly after infection with these phages, the cells were chemically cross-linked, solubilised, and the cross-linked products were affinity purified on a nickel column. The co-purified proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and we found that predominantly the inner membrane proteins DamX, SdhA and PpiD were cross-linked. The same partner proteins were identified when purified gp27 was added to Escherichia coli spheroplasts suggesting a direct protein-protein interaction.
Distribution and Dendrometry Evolution of Gall Oak (Quercus faginea Lam.) Forest Stands in the Region of Murcia (Southeastern Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Albacete Alfonso
Published: February 2024

The southeast of Spain is one of the most arid and desertification-prone areas in continental Europe, with climate change contributing to this situation. Climatic conditions affect the availability of water in the plant structures of wild species, facilitating the onset and/or spread of forest fires and increasing aridity. The Region of Murcia, in southeastern Spain, has small forest stands of gall oak (Quercus faginea) with relict value. It is of interest to investigate the situation of these stands, allowing us to know about their distribution and their evolution in the face of climate change. For this purpose, previous dasometric, available from a specific stand, studies are considered to be contrasted with current data, individual trees were geolocated, and distribution maps of contrasting environmental conditions were created. In general, gall oak has been observed to be distributed up to 1200 m altitude, especially in shady areas and embedded valleys and north-northeast orientations. Importantly, there was a positive evolution of the vegetative development, with increments in the number of trees during the study period, despite some negative affections in specific areas due to climate change.
Balancing Satisfaction and Clarity: Enhancing User Information Satisfaction with AI-Powered ChatGPT in Higher Education
Authors: Fu Chung-Jen , Silalahi Andri Dayarana K. , Shih I-Tung , Phuong Do Thi Thanh , Eunike Ixora Javanisa , Jargalsaikhan Shinetsetseg
Published: February 2024

Incorporating AI tools like ChatGPT into higher educational settings has been beneficial for education, yet the extent of user satisfaction with the information provided by these tools, known as user information satisfaction (UIS), remains underexplored. Our study introduces a UIS model specifically designed for ChatGPT's application in the educational sector. Drawing from established UIS theory, we crafted a model centered around seven essential factors that influence the effective use of ChatGPT, aiming to guide both educators and learners in overcoming common challenges such as plagiarism and ensuring the ethical use of AI. We gathered data from Indonesian university participants and applied Structural Equation Modeling using Smart-PLS 4.0 for our data analysis. The results reveal that completeness, precision, timeliness, convenience, and the format of information as the most influential factors driving user satisfaction with ChatGPT. Interestingly, our research indicated that the accuracy and reliability of the information, typically deemed paramount, were not the primary concerns in the academic use of ChatGPT. Our findings lead to a recommendation for a cautious approach to the integration of ChatGPT in higher education. We advocate for a strategic use that recognizes its innovative potential while also acknowledging its limitations, thus ensuring a responsible and effective application in educational contexts. This balanced perspective is crucial for integrating AI tools into the academic fabric without compromising educational integrity or quality.
Refracted Gravity Solutions from Small to Large Scales
Authors: Cesare Valentina
Published: February 2024

If visible matter alone is present in the Universe, General Relativity (GR) and its Newtonian weak field limit cannot explain several pieces of evidence, from the largest to the smallest scales. The most investigated solution is the cosmological model ΛCDM, where GR is valid and two dark components are introduced, dark energy and dark matter, to explain the ∼70% and ∼25% of the mass-energy budget of the Universe, respectively. An alternative approach is provided by modified gravity theories, where a departure of the gravity law from ΛCDM is assumed and no dark components are included. This work presents refracted gravity (RG), a modified theory of gravity formulated in a classical way where the presence of DM is mimicked by a gravitational permittivity ϵ(ρ) monotonically increasing with the local mass density ρ, which causes the field lines to be refracted in small density environments. Specifically, the flatter the system the stronger the refraction effect and, thus, the larger the mass discrepancy if interpreted in Newtonian gravity. RG presented several encouraging results in modelling the dynamics of disk and elliptical galaxies and the temperature profiles of the hot X-ray emitting gas in galaxy clusters and a covariant extension of the theory seems to be promising.