bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Improved Use Of Value Creation Measures In Financial Decision-Making
Authors: Hall John H.
Published: February 2016

In the last two decades,numerous studies have been conducted to find sources and explanations for valuecreation and the value drivers of share returns or shareholder value creationby firms. This study aimed to determinewhether more refined firm categorization and an increase in the number of variablesanalyzed would yield more robust information on value creation measures thatfinancial decision-makers can use. Fourdifferent categories of firms were compiled.For each category, 11 different internal performance measures wereregressed against two different external shareholder value creation measures. The empirical results show that differentvalue creation measures explain shareholder value creation best for differentcategories of firms. Economic-basedindicators provide higher information content than accounting-based indicatorsfor financial decision-making. Theinformation content of internal value drivers varied when different externalshareholder value indicators were used. Thisstudy provides financial decision-makers with a more specific indication of theuse of shareholder value creation measures for specific firm types.
Mapping An Internal-External (I-E) Matrix Using Traditional And Extended Matrix Concepts
Authors: Cassidy Christopher M. , Glissmeyer Michael D. , Capps III Charles J.
Published: February 2016

Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices allow an organization to visualize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats while a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) utilizes critical success factors to allow an organization to compare itself to competitors. Capps and Glissmeyer (2012) proposed an extension of the EFE and IFE concepts to an External Competitive Profile Matrix (ECPM) and an Internal Competitive Profile Matrix (ICPM) which provides greater insight in understanding the external and internal categories to which an organization must attend. The authors of this paper extend the observations of Capps and Glissmeyer (2012) by suggesting that visual mapping of the ECPM and ICPM, in a manner similar on the Internal-External (I-E) matrix, would enable greater comparative understanding of the relative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the respective companies.
The Influence Of Market Related Mobile Activities On The Acceptance Of Mobile Marketing And Consumer Intention To Purchase Products Promoted By SMS In South Africa
Authors: Chinomona Richard , Sandada Maxwell
Published: February 2016

There is an increasing attention being accorded to mobile marketing activities in recent business management literature in the past decade as both academicians and practitioners recognize that mobile activities have potential influence on mobile marketing acceptance and customer purchase intention. Notwithstanding this, there is dearth of research on the same in the African context. In view of this development, the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the extent to which mobile marketing activities influence customers mobile marketing acceptance and their purchase intention in South Africa. Five research hypotheses are postulated and using data collected from mobile marketing activities partakers, the hypotheses are tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach (Smart PLS). Managerial implications of the findings are discussed and limitations and future research directions are indicated.
Bank Deregulation And The Portfolios Of Savings And Loan Associations
Authors: Agbetsaifa Douglas
Published: February 2016

Carron (1982) has described the precarious condition of the thrift industry, which has been a subject of concern for over a decade. Unlike commercial banks, S&Ls have not been able to insulate themselves from interest rate risk, nor have they significantly altered the composition of their balance sheets. In contrast to the rapid growth of the industry up until the 1960s, the industry growth weakened by the turn of the decade. Abrupt swings in savings deposits became synchronized with the cyclical behavior of the national economy. Marked fluctuations in industry funds over time forced S&Ls to draw heavily upon non-deposit sources, particularly borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Banks, and other expensive deposits.
Using Statistical Models For Market Selection
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M.
Published: February 2016

Managers responsible for corporate development in growing firms are often called upon to identify promising new markets. Selecting such markets is a complex problem requiring the simultaneous consideration of many demographic, economic, business and competitive factors (Craig, et al, 1984). The need to examine a large pool of possible markets in order to identify those with the greatest potential further complicates the selection process. This article provides an overview of a statistical technique known as general linear modeling and explains how it can be successfully applied to the task of selecting markets.
Estimating The Number And Location Of Knots In Spline Regressions
Authors: Marsh Lawrence C.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a simple method of estimating the number and location of knots (join points) in spline regressions.Spline regression models offer a convenience alternative to dummy (binary) variable models. Using a dummy variable to alter the intercept or slope of a model generally results in a break in the regression line. For example, a substantial drop in a firms production may occur if it suddenly closes a major plant.
Organizational Contexts And Political Skills: The Challenge Of Being Politically Effective
Authors: Martin Donald R.
Published: February 2016

This essay describes three contexts in which political behavior routinely occurs in organizations. Factors contributing to participant perceptions of uncertainty in each context are described. Political effectiveness in light of contextual uncertainly is explained by integrating the self-monitoring construct.
Dollar Index Adjusted Stock Indices
Authors: Jalbert Terrance
Published: February 2016

This paper presents stock indices that reflect changes in both stock value and underlying currency value. An earlier study develops the first known currency adjusted stock index. This paper extends the literature by utilizing a better measure of US dollar value to develop currency value adjusted indices. We examine distributional properties of the indices and determine the portion of wealth change attributable to stock value change and currency value change. The results show significant differences in return variance between original and dollar adjusted indexes. The results further show that changes in the stock index level explain most wealth changes. However, changes in currency value explain as much as 14.9 percent of wealth changes.
Institutional Investors And The Finance-Growth Nexus: Evidence From South Africa
Authors: Sibanda Mabutho , Holden Merle
Published: February 2016

Since the 1990s assets of institutional investors have remained elevated in comparison to those of deposit-taking financial institutions in South Africa. This paradigm shift in the financial markets has provoked the ongoing theoretical and empirical debate, which, on the one hand, pits institutional investors as causing financial disintermediation against, on the other hand, deposit-taking financial institutions in promoting economic development. These and other conflicting views on financial intermediation have promoted the finance-growth nexus hypothesis, which draws lessons from the Patrick (1966) demand-following and supply-leading propositions (Patrick, 1966). The study uses the Johansen (1991) co-integration tests, the vector error correction and the Granger causality approaches to establish the role played by institutional investors in the finance-growth nexus in South Africa based on quarterly data spanning 1994 to 2009. Findings suggest that a demand-following phenomenon exists in South Africa in which the growth in the institutional investors industry is dependent upon the level of economic development and banking sector development.
Customer-Centric Knowledge Creation For Customer Relationship Management
Authors: Srisamran Phocharapol , Ractham Vichita Vathanophas
Published: February 2016

As the pace of todays world increases with advances in technology and globalization, the heat of rivalry and competition in the business world is also rising. It is a wake-up call for many firms that they can no longer just convince customers to buy whatever they sell. They have to understand their customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) can assist firms to know your customer and construct good relationships with customers. In order to know your customer and construct a good relationship, customer knowledge must be acquired and managed. However, this is no easy task since customer knowledge can be subjective and difficult to extract or manage. An approach is needed to acquire and manage customer knowledge. Knowledge management, including knowledge creation, can assist in terms of acquiring and managing customer knowledge. Knowledge management not only improves understanding of the customer, but also improves business process performance by enabling response to customer needs in a timely manner with better quality of service. Customer-Centric Knowledge Creation is the process for the creation of knowledge based on customer knowledge within the CRM contexts which are enterprise-wide, customer-centric, technology-driven, and cross-functional. The aims of this process are to assist organizations to gain more understanding of the customer, embedding customer knowledge into organization knowledge, and creating a customer-focused mindset in organizational members. In other words, it is to sustainably create knowledge focusing on customer knowledge in an organization.
Towards Greater Understanding Of Ecolabel Effects: The Role Of Country Of Origin
Authors: Dekhili Sihem , Achabou Mohamed Akli
Published: February 2016

This research explores the country of origin effect on the evaluation of ecolabelled products. Findings from experimentation indicate that the mention of a country of origin with favorable image in terms of sustainable development has a neutral effect on the evaluation of an ecolabelled product. However, the indication of a country with a negative image affects the product evaluation negatively.
The Effect Of CEO Change On Information Asymmetry
Authors: Sohn Sungkyu , Oh Yunsook , Kang Minjung , Bae Changhyun
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the relationship between CEO changes and information asymmetry. In the first year after a CEO change, management ability is evaluated in an atmosphere of high pressure and scrutiny regarding company performance. In such circumstances, CEOs selectively disclose information in an effort to inflate their performance evaluation. In addition, new CEOs influence not only management decisions, but also information disclosure strategies related to both financial and nonfinancial information. Therefore, the motivations of new CEOs regarding information disclosure can increase information asymmetry, and financial analysts must put extra effort toward reducing this asymmetry. This study measured information asymmetry by the unfaithful disclosure firm designation and analyst forecast errors. The sample is composed of firms active in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) from 2006 to 2009. We found that there is a significant positive relationship between CEO change and information asymmetry as measured by unfaithful disclosure firm designation and analyst forecast errors. These results imply that CEO turnover increases information asymmetry due to managers intentional efforts to reduce the level of available information.
Salesperson-Sales Manager Social Interaction And Communication Quality: The Impact On Salesperson Cooperation
Authors: Schetzsle Stacey , Delpechitre Duleep
Published: February 2016

To get the highest level of performance out of salespeople, companies are searching internally to identify factors that lead to salesperson cooperation. Sales managers create a normative culture that engages the salesperson, which is demonstrated through communication and social interaction. A salesperson who feels connected to the organization is more likely to exert additional effort, such as cooperating with the manager to meet sales objections. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the salespersons social interaction and communication quality with their sales manager on their willingness to cooperate with the manager. The results show that when salespeople interact with their manager in a social setting and discuss non-work related information, salespeople become more willing to cooperate with their manager. Sales managers communication quality was not found to have a significant relationship between the salespersons willingness to cooperate with the sales manager. Instead, we find that sales managers communication quality with the salesperson significantly moderates the relationship between salespersons social interaction with the sales manager and salespersons willingness to cooperate with the sales manager.
The Critical Success Factors Of The ERP System Project: A Meta-Analysis Methodology
Authors: Zouine Abdesamad , Fenies Pierre
Published: February 2016

Many articles have been written on enterprise resource planning success in the last two decades in both the public and private sector. An important number of empirical studies attempt to delineate the steps of ERP project integration and their specificities. These research works can be divided into two principal phases: the implementation and the post-implementation. The complex nature of the ERP system and its implementation stages lead us to investigate about the critical success factors mentioned in both phases of integration. Recently, several studies have tried to assess the success of ERP system and highlight the CSFs based on some theoretical models. This study uses a meta-analysis methodology to highlight the principal factors leading to ERP success, and it evaluates the weight of CSFs in the process of implementing the ERP project. Based on the best studies published in the last years about ERP success, we conduct this research to determine the most important factors highly correlated with the ERP success. Eleven CSFs are identified in our meta-analysis and classified according to their significant importance based on the correlation coefficients finding in 32 articles focus only on the ERP system. Some criteria were selected to choose studies such as: Sample size, the availability of correlation coefficient finding (quantitative empirical data), the availability of reliable constructs (Cronbachs alpha), and the measurement scale of each factor.
On-Line Destination Branding: An Investigation Into The Divergence Between Brand Goals And On-Line Implementation
Authors: Blumrodt Jens , Palmer Adrian
Published: February 2016

The marketing of tourism destinations has become increasingly competitive. However, a tourism destination cannot be seen as a single destination-based entity competing with other destinations. Each tourism destination manager must typically integrate a network of interested stakeholders and mediate between political aims and operational realities. Websites are an increasingly important focus for competitive differentiation of tourism destinations. This research examines the effects of cultural differences on website development by comparing cultural environments typified by a prevalence of collectivism with those typified by individualism. Websites from a sample of French and English seaside tourism destinations are compared, with a focus on tourism destination brand image elements. Our approach combines two methods. First, we analyse specific communicated images. Second, interviews with officials of these cities are undertaken to compare the communicated image to the desired one. We find that cities with a similar environment communicate elements of their natural settings as well as other brand elements, but the communicated image often does not correspond to the desired brand image. Therefore we propose a model to promote the desired destination brand image.
The Impact Of Social Capital On The Propensity And Properties Of Management Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Lu Xinyi
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the relationship between the regional variation in social capital in the United States and the propensity and properties of the management earnings forecasts. Social capital refers to connections among individualssocial networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them (Putnam 2000). Using a comprehensive sample of companies in the United States, we find that firms located in region with higher social capital are more likely to issue a management earnings forecast and are inclined to forecast more frequently. In addition, earnings forecasts made by those firms tend to be more specific. Our findings suggest that mangers of firms in the high social capital regions are more likely to be concerned about their reputation of providing transparent information regarding their businesses because of the close connections among individuals and the greater propensities to honor obligations. This study contributes to the accounting literature by identifying a non-financial factor (i.e., social capital) that affects managements voluntary disclosure practices.
Modeling The Effects Of Social Integration And Job Autonomy On Job Satisfaction Among School Sport Facilitators In Southern Gauteng
Authors: Dhurup M.
Published: February 2016

Research within the domain of job satisfaction has brought about renewed interest among human resource practitioners and researchers in the past twenty years. Furthermore, many studies have examined the antecedents of job satisfaction in various organisational settings. However, focusing on social integration and job autonomy relationships with work outcomes have been limited and worthy of empirical investigation. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between social integration and job autonomy on job satisfaction among school sport facilitators. The study is located with a quantitative research paradigm. A structured questionnaire consisting of validated scales for social integration, job autonomy and job satisfaction was administered to a sample of 201 school sport facilitators in the Southern Gauteng region of South Africa. The results show significant positive correlations among the constructs, social integration, and job autonomy and job satisfaction. In addition, social integration, a facet of QWL life and job autonomy was found to significantly influence job satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the fit to the proposed model and the path model using structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine casual relationships among the constructs. Results show satisfactory goodness-of fit indices. The path model showed strong casual relationships indicating that social integration and job autonomy of school sport facilitators significantly related to job satisfaction. The results demonstrate that the higher the prevalence of social integration and job autonomy, the higher the levels of job satisfaction. It is recommended that sport facilitators should be given adequate autonomy to make decisions about the services they render and any top-down imposition of change may be counter-productive to job satisfaction among sport facilitators.
An Examination Of The Museum Experience Based On Pine And Gilmore's Experience Economy Realms
Authors: Radder Laetitia , Han Xiliang
Published: February 2016

This study determined whether Pine and Gilmores four experience economy realms (education, entertainment, escapism and esthetics) were represented by visitors experiences of three South African heritage museums, evaluated whether their experience expectations associated with the experience realms had been met, and examined the relationship between the latter, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. In addition, the relationship between personal and trip-related factors and the experience realms was investigated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified three experience realms - edutainment, escapism and esthetics. While visitors had positive on-site experiences within all three experience realms, edutainment made the strongest contribution to the prediction of overall satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Age had a significant effect on respondents judgment about all three realms. Place of residence (local, national or international) had a significant effect on edutainment and esthetics.
A Retrospective Look at the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002- Has it accomplished its original purpose?
Authors: Basile Anthony , Handy Sheila , Fret Felisha N.
Published: February 2016

As a result of notable frauds including Enron, WorldCom and Waste Management, the United States Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The Act would forever change the accounting profession. After a little more than a decade, publicly traded companies have been able to create and implement policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the Act, specifically the provisions set forth in Section 404. Since all public companies have implemented SOX compliance together with other regulations imposed by the Internal Revenue Service and other regulatory agencies into their normal reporting routines, management of these companies have realized further benefits associated with SOX compliance. Because of these reported benefits many private companies have begun to voluntarily implement SOX-like policies and procedures into their own internal framework. This paper will discuss the perceptions of the enactment and implementation of the Act, the associated benefits derived from SOX compliance and reasons why private companies have begun voluntarily adopting SOX-like policiesprocedures and strategies.
E-Skills, Brains And Performance Of The Firms: ICT And Ability Of Firms To Conduct Successful Projects In Luxembourg
Authors: Chaibi Anissa , Ben Youssef Adel , Peltier- Ben Aoun Leila
Published: February 2016

This paper provides original empirical evidence on the causal links between e-skills, usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and firms performance using a sample of Luxembourgian manufacturing and services firms. Firm performance is measured in terms of innovation (success of new projects settled). Our main findings are: (i) theres no relationship between the absorptive technology capacity of the firm (measured by ICT staff and Training) and the probability of the implementation of successful ICT projects, (ii) there is a positive effect of e-applications usage (ICT usage) on the probability of the implementation of successful new projects, and (iii) there is an asymmetric effect of usage of e-commerce and e-administration confirming findings of the recent literature.
Collusions In Chinese Family Firms: An Informal Institution-Based View Of Multiple Large Shareholders
Authors: Lv Huaili , Li Wanli
Published: February 2016

Informal institutions such as culture is contingent condition affecting opportunism in large shareholders' relationships (Sauerwald and Peng, 2013). Using the data from 2003 to 2012 of Chinese family firms, our research finds that the collusions of multiple large shareholders (MLS) caused by Chinese family-oriented collectivism culture lead to firms investment inefficiency, including overinvestment and underinvestment. Unlike prior literature focusing merely on the agency problems of management or controlling shareholders, this study provides evidence of the agency problems of MLS. From examining the relations and allocations of shareholders ownership, we provide shareholders collusions, a new theoretical perspective to explain the investment inefficiency in Chinese family firms.
An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Organisational Justice Among Government Employees
Authors: Ledimo Ophillia
Published: February 2016

Organisational justice has become prominent within the leadership literature as an underlying and important aspect of governance. This study set out to examine factors influencing employees organisational justice perceptions in a South African government department. The perceptions of the 289 participants were investigated by using the Organisational Justice Measurement Instrument (OJMI) as a measure of organisational justice. Descriptive statistics of the sample and factor analysis were conducted to analyse the data and to determine the factors that contributed to the perceptions of organisational justice of government employees. Results of the Cronbach alpha indicated that the OJMI is a reliable measuring instrument for the construct of organisational justice. The findings of this study identified the nine underlying factors that contributed to the perceptions of organisational justice as strategic direction, distributive, procedural, interactional, informational, service delivery and innovation, diversity management, customer relations, ethical leadership and management. This study suggests that to enhance the perceptions of organisational justice, leaders in government departments should focus on the identified nine factors. The implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.
Revisiting The Relationship Between Financial And Environmental Performance: Does Granger Causality Matter?
Authors: Kim Kyungho
Published: February 2016

This study rigorously investigates two ongoing issues about the relationship between environmental performance and financial performance: its sign (negative or positive) and direction of causation. The results from the longitudinal sample of US heavy-polluting industries between 1991 and 2005 support the positive relationship between EP and FP. We also test the Granger causal relationship by applying Arellano-Bond estimator. The results present that the causal direction is contingent on the selection of financial performance measures and on the characteristics of sub-groups classified by environmental performance. Namely, we find that the causality is valid only in high pollution-intensive industry group in terms of the one-year lagged accounting-based FP. A weak reverse direction was found only in the pollution-intensive industry group with Tobins q. The findings clearly suggest that it is necessary to use a consistent estimator when examining causality with longitudinal data in a dynamic setting.
The Working Capital Basis: Testing The Concealment And Cost Hypotheses
Authors: Collins Karen M. , Koh Hian C.
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the validity of two hypotheses concerning the use of the working capital definition of funds in the Funds Statement. Statistical tests do not support the hypothesis that the working capital basis is used to conceal potentially damaging information. However, there is evidence that smaller companies avoid switching to the cash basis because of the costs involved. Thus, the FASBs proposed Statement of Cash Flows, if adopted, would affect smaller companies most.
Forecasting, Reporting, And Coping With Systematic Risk
Authors: Farrelly Gail E. , Sobol Marion G.
Published: February 2016

A sample of 123 corporate executives, from the Fortune 500 Industrial Corporations list, evaluate nine common systematic risk factors such as rate of inflation, long-term interest rates, level of money supply, price of crude oil, etc. Executives indicate their views on the significance of these risk factors as well as their ability to cope with, and report on, these factors. Future interest rate changes and inflation rate changes are considered to be the most significant risks. There is a high negative correlation between the significance of particular risks and the ability to cope with these risks.
Quality Control: An Investigation Of Alternative Management Policies
Authors: Korte Leon L. , Bean Virginia L.
Published: February 2016

Determining product quality can be accomplished by quality control personnel or production personnel. Either approach has identifiable costs. This paper presents a computer simulation model for a single channel, two stage process with a buffer inventory. The model provides for a control group (where inspection is performed by quality control personnel at the end of each process) and an experimental group (where inspection is made by production personnel during each process). The model is described using hypothetical parameters for production levels, machine deterioration, and repair times.
Economic Results Of Sampling Processes As A Consequence Of Sampling And Testing (Or Measuring) Errors In The Case Of Stratified Random Sampling
Authors: Benos Vassilios
Published: February 2016

Sampling is one of the methods of selecting and analyzing specific qualities which refer to statistical populations. The basic problem of sampling technique is that the estimates of population parameters from one part of it (sample) have the errors of sampling and testing (or measuring).
Vertical Integration, Regulation, & The Shifting Of Economic Profits
Authors: Fuhr, Jr. Joseph P.
Published: February 2016

A model which shows how a vertically integrated, multiproduct regulated monopolist can shift its monopoly profits to its upstream nonregulated affiliate is developed. The model is expanded to include a self-imposed constraint on the percentage mark-up of the transfer price which makes the regulatory constraint binding. The telecommunications industry is examined to determine what empirical evidence exists to support the shifting of profits hypothesis. Competitors are foreclosed from the market based on the desire to shift profits not on an economic efficiency criterion. How a multiproduct regulated monopolist reacts to competition in one of its product lines is analyzed.
Intermetropolitan Comparisons Of Production Function
Authors: Williams Martin , Ton-That Tuan
Published: February 2016

A nonhomogeneous production is used to study the features of the production technology across U.S. cities. We compute marginal productivities and scale elasticities for different levels of inputs and outputs. The form of the production function allows variable returns to scale. We can also test the Cobb-Douglas and constant elasticity of substitution forms within the nonhomogeneous specification. Conclusions are drawn concerning returns to scale across cities of different sizes.
Limited Assurance Engagements: Bankers, Auditors, And Reality
Authors: Pillsbury Ceil M.
Published: February 2016

Bankers are becoming increasingly reliant on limited assurance reports (LARs) issued by accountants. A clear understanding the level of assurance intended by these reports aids in optimal management of the credit function and leads to efficient allocation of scarce resources. The difficulty lies in that accountants cannot quantify, and thus users may not understand, how much assurance the accountant intends to convey in a LAR. This raises the concern that bankers may be making suboptimal decisions based upon a misconception of the assurance intended by the accountant. This paper presents the results o fan empirical test designed to access whether bankers and accountants have a congruent understanding of the assurance intended by several common LARs. The findings indicate a significant difference exists between bankers and accountants perceptions of the intended assurance levels. Particularly, bankers believe interim reviews provide more assurance than they really do and they believe reviews of financial forecasts provide less assurance than they really do.
Understanding Discount Rates Under SFAS 87
Authors: Bayer Frieda A.
Published: February 2016

FASB has redefined the role of the accountant in employers accounting for pensions. This paper reviews the process through which the accountant defines and applies the settlement rate under SFAS 87. An example illustrates the potential impact on income and the balance sheet of alternative rates. SFAS 87 guidelines regarding acceptable rates are examined to demonstrate the degree of flexibility still existing in the selection of an appropriate discount rate.
Integrated Business Information Systems Development: A Management Issue Not A Technological Solution
Authors: Bravoco Ralph R.
Published: February 2016

An overview of the role of enterprise issues in Business Information Systems Development is presented. The importance of information flow and data standards in the development of an enterprise view is discussed and the need of management control and coordination of information integration is emphasized. In addition, a tested phased approach to information architecture development and the components of this information architecture are presented.
Do Office Workers Resist Intensive Monitoring Procedures
Authors: Beckman Mary P.
Published: February 2016

Highly publicized employee complaints indicate that office workers may be seriously dissatisfied with computerized monitoring procedures. The results of the study described here, however, suggest that this may not be the case. After situating the discussion within the historical development of external control methods, the article outlines study findings and presents reasons employees may not resist this form of labor process control.
The Role Of The Audit And Agency Theory
Authors: Colbert Janet L. , Jahera, Jr. John S.
Published: February 2016

The audit function exists to monitor the activities of management and to attest to managements performance. The cost of the audit function is an example of an agency cost. This article discusses the role of the audit function within the context of agency relationships. Such relationships exist when one party is retained to act on behalf of and in the interest of another party. Given the natural preference to maximize ones own utility, conflicts are bound to arise. Knowledge of such potential conflicts can serve to reduce the cost of the resolution of these conflicts.
The Link Between Monetary Policy And Savings And Loans
Authors: Chan Anthony , Chen Carl R.
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy on the Savings and Loan industry as measured by several accounting proxies of net worth. To accomplish this task, the paper employs two monetary measures along with four accounting measures of capital. The empirical results suggest that the growth of the money supply is a good leading economic indicator of the future health of the industry as measured by several net worth accounting measures.
Effects Of Stockouts On Purchase Behavior And Retail Patronage: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Castleberry Stephen B. , Davis Brian
Published: February 2016

A longitudinal field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of out-of-stock conditions both during and after the stockout occurred. Findings suggest that when a brand goes out of stock, low-share brands tend to pick up more sales than high-share brands. After the stockout brands were reintroduced a moderate negative carryover effect was the results, with other low-share brands reaping a moderate positive carryover effect. When a brand was reintroduced at a higher price (than its pre-stockout level) a moderate positive carryover effect resulted. During the stockouts, customers did shop in other outlets. However, no negative consequences seemed to be present in terms of patronage behavior once the brand was again available at the regular outlet.
Bank Loan Accommodation
Authors: Batavia Bala , Lash Nicholas A.
Published: February 2016

The banking literature occasionally refers to bank loan accommodation, that is, the willingness of commercial banks to make loans at such favorable terms that they suffer a diminution of profits. Such behavior is explained by a strategy of temporarily reducing profits in order to increase long run gains through the strengthening of customer relations. This studys empirical analysis fails to find any evidence to support the accommodation view of bank behavior.
A Financial Profile Of Cash Generating Firms
Authors: Payne Bruce
Published: February 2016

The study clearly establishes a financial profile for firms that generate more cash than is necessary for dividends and capital replacement. This profile has implications for corporate managers, portfolio managers, and investors. Data were gathered from 120 firms and statistically analyzed. The cash generating firms were found to have higher systematic risk, and return to total capital, but lower unsystematic risk, price-earnings multiples, financial leverage, and dividend payout than firms in general.
The Relationship Between Bank Equity Returns And The Brazilian Interest Payments Moratorium
Authors: Mansur Iqbal , Cochran Steven J. , Cahill Dave T.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Brazilian announcement to suspend interest payments on the equity return levels of several large U.S. commercial banks. Using event study methodology, the evidence suggests that the equity prices of the sample banks fully and immediately reflected the relevant information associated with the Brazilian announcement. Additionally, the patterns of portfolio excess returns revealed that the less exposed banks experienced less loss than ether the total bank sample or the more exposed group.
The Constitutional Implications Of Employee Urine Testing
Authors: Bible Jon D.
Published: February 2016

Whether employers may resort to compulsory urine testing to detect workplace-related drug use is one of the most hotly debated legal issues of the 1980s. Testing advocates stress the myriad problems that drug-impaired workers cause, including safety risks and faulty products, and they emphasize the effectiveness of this technique in identifying such employees.Opponents grant the need for a drug-free work setting but argue that urine testing is an excessively unreliable and intrusive means of obtaining one.
Invidious Competition Or Benevolence: Does Not-For-Profit Status Constrain The Behavior Of Credit Unions?
Authors: Keating Maryann O. , Keating Barry P.
Published: February 2016

If one assumes that individuals who work in nonprofit institutions are no better or worse than others and hence operate in their own interest, an organization can be kept on track and be effective only if the incentives given to individuals in the ordinary performance of their duties reflect the original intent of the organization. Sponsors of not-for-profit institutions must take the time and make an effort to hold administrators to an objective function incorporating such goals.A model is presented describing two conflicts facing the managers of credit unions. Providing higher rates to large savers could lower cost and expand deposits but does not particularly conform with the democratic intent of credit union founders. Excluding the less creditworthy in favor of higher returns elsewhere will generate more revenue but also seems inconsistent with the original normative goals of credit unions.A data set for approximately 15,000 credit unions in 1985 is used to measure credit union behavior by size and type. It is argued here that the common bond under which a particular credit union operates acts as a constraint but not a brake on bureaucratic expansionary behavior.
A Simulation Study Of Economic Production Quantity Lot Size To Kanban For A Single Line Production System Under Various Setup Times With Average Work In Process (WIP) Inventory Cost As Performance Metric
Authors: Moran Terrence J. , Stevens John
Published: February 2016

The Setup time variable was evaluated for the two systems (Kanban and EPQ) against the performance measure of average WIP inventory cost. EPQ outperforms Kanban on average WIP inventory cost at setup times less than 8 minutes. The research helped clarify for practitioners whether EPQ might be more suitable than Kanban for their given situations.
Predicting Bankruptcy After The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Using The Most Current Data Mining Approaches
Authors: Kwak Wikil , Shi Yong , Kou Gang
Published: February 2016

Our study proposes several current data mining methods to predict bankruptcy after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) using 2007-2008 U.S. data. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was introduced to improve the quality of financial reporting and minimize corporate fraud in the U.S. Because of this SOX implementation, a companys financial statements are assumed to provide higher quality financial information for investors and other stakeholders. The results of our data mining approaches in our bankruptcy prediction study show that Bayesian Net method performs the best (85% overall prediction rate with 94% in AUC), followed by J48 (85% with 82% AUC), Decision Table (83.52%), and Decision Tree (82%) methods using financial and other data from the 10-K report and Compustat. These results are better than previous bankruptcy prediction studies before the SOX implementation using most current data mining approaches.
Survivor Bias In Firm Specific Longitudinal Studies: The Case Of ERP Systems
Authors: Morris John J.
Published: February 2016

Researchers in the field of accounting and finance often use event studies to measure the impact of various business decisions on the market value of stock. They argue that market reaction to the event is predictive of the future effect on the company. Sometimes researchers would like to follow up on these initial event studies to see if the market was correct in its predictions. However, many times the original sample used for the event study does not survive intact into future time periods, which then raises the issue of survivor bias. This paper examines one such event study in which the markets react favorably to announcements that ERP systems are being implemented. However, only 55% of the firms in the original sample survive through 2009, making any follow-up study subject to the survivor bias argument. The study examines the circumstances related to the non-survivors and, using proxies for the missing data, concludes that the results of a follow-up study would not have been impacted by survivor bias.
Accounting, Culture, And Emerging Economies: IFRS In The BRIC Countries
Authors: Borker David R.
Published: February 2016

The culturally derived accounting orientations of four major emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, India and China, the BRIC countries, are examined based on the Geert Hofstede work on cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1980) and the hypothetical derivation of related accounting values by S. J. Gray. (Gray, 1988) Results on Hofstedes four original cultural dimensions are analyzed and compared. An analysis of results for Grays derived accounting values is presented for these countries. An IFRS favorable profile based on Grays accounting value dimensions is developed and BRIC and G7 results on these dimensions are compared. Strategies to adjust for country cultural profiles at variance with the IFRS profile are proposed.
Path Dependence And Behavorial Lock-In At Work: The Challenge Of Sustaining High Performance Work Systems In The U.S.
Authors: Barnes William
Published: February 2016

This article draws on path dependency literature and recent extensions to frame the evolution of high performance work systems (HPWS) in the U.S. and to reflect on the implications for firms and policy. The article briefly discusses institutional and social influences in the U.S. context that may be locking in managerial behavior that can prevent HPWS from diffusing or that renders HPWS vulnerable over time. In the face of this, in the short run firms may need to insulate the organization from institutional pressures and behavior that can erode new work systems. The article concludes by noting corporate governance models that elevate employee voice and security may be more compatible with HPWS for the long term.
New ANCHORS For Business Schools In The New Economy
Authors: Hoque Monzurul
Published: February 2016

In this article we illustrate changes taking place in the context, economy and environment in which business schools currently operate.  These changes point out the continuous need to devise new business school models to survive and prosper.  Further, we elaborate a contextual perspective obtained from the current best practices of business schools to spring forth new strategies in a changing world.  After decades of unprecedented growth, business schools are facing an outlook that is suddenly looking much less sunny. Increasing pressure to globalize, declining enrollments, criticism from corporate America, and changes in both business and society are forcing business schools to face the fact that they must adapt or die.  As the economy continues to move toward an information-based system, and corporations more heavily favor active learning over theoretical studies, business schools are facing an intensifying crisis. The schools’ best hope is to systematically analyze their own strategies and integrate the concepts of the new economy with their own core values. To devise a strategy for succeeding in these turbulent times, we suggest schools base their strategies in the ANCHORS plan. This helps school officials build from a base that identifies their missions and core competencies, leads them to organizational effectiveness, and helps them create a sustainable advantage in their marketplace. The ANCHORS plan provides a multidimensional basis for coping with changing times and also helps schools identify the markets they will serve.
Criminal Law In Antarctica: Law West Of The Pecos Revisited
Authors: Seganish W. Michael
Published: February 2016

In a criminal law matter, jurisdiction is often a minor consideration.  That is, where the crime is committed determines who has the right to prosecute and what law applies.  There may be some jurisdictional issues whether state law or federal law governs in the United States; but this is by and large resolved by one taking jurisdiction.  The same would be normally true in the international law area where it was committed.  That is, if a crime is committed in France or Germany, then the law where it was committed would prevail subject to other international issues such as diplomatic immunity which would prevent a sovereign from prosecuting.  This is not the case in Antarctica because Antarctica belongs to no one particular nation.  It is governed by the Antarctic Treaty.  The Treaty is mindful of territorial claims and defers to a sector theory as to which criminal law applies.  This means in this sovereign-less continent that one cannot tell specifically what criminal law, if any, exists to regulate activities.  This has numerous ramifications other than the micro application in one particular case because from a macro point of view actions can occur for which there is no remedy.  The analysis limits itself to criminal law issues, but much larger implications exist in the event of an environmental disaster, for example, where there may be no remedy against an offending party.
Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) Program Dramatically Increases Knowledge Retention And Student Skills
Authors: Balden John , Stemkoski Michael , Bender Melinda A. , Allen Henderson S.
Published: February 2016

In academia, faculty have the challenge of developing programs that will instill in the students the core competencies and skills defined by the accounting profession as the benchmark for successful entry into the accounting profession by college graduates. By integrating participation in the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance program with the teaching of concepts in the classroom at Utah Valley State College, faculty have been able to increase the retention of knowledge and the development of practical skills that benefit students, potential employers, and the community.