bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Study of High Altitude Micro Gliding Air Vehicle Re-Entry Path Characteristics
Authors: Qu Zhengyu , Yang Yanchu , Yan Feng
Published: January 2020

Based on the characteristics of the configuration and flight of the micro gliding air vehicle (MGAV), an analysis and optimization for general gliding path of different mission demands is carried out. Firstly, an overall design method and parameters are summarized. Secondly, the equilibrium glide launching parameters are determined based on the general aircraft re-entry equation. The real launching parameter are also developed by considering the real launching facility. Furthermore, the un-controlled maximum-range-towards path characteristics for the real and equilibrium glide are compared and analyzed. The range in equilibrium glide is 5 km larger than real glide. Then, two potential flight demand are explained and the Gauss pseudo-spectral method is adopted to solve the maximum endurance and the maximum endurance and range with the process constraint and final constraint. The first target is 8 minutes longer than the original glide path but the range is 20 km less compared to the maximum range. The second target could keep the maximum range and at the meantime, the endurance could be increased 2 minutes. Finally, the control variables are substituted into the dynamic equations to validate the results. The result shows that the Gauss pseudo-spectral method is an effective and feasible way to solve the optimum gliding path.
Object Scanning of Windows Kernel Driver Based on Pool Tag Quick Scanning
Authors: Zhai Jiqiang , Xiao Yajun , Yang Hailu , Wang Jian
Published: January 2020

In the memory forensics, the Pool Tag Scanning based on the memory pool tag requires a detailed search of the physical memory when scanning the kernel driver object, which is very inefficient. The object scanning of Windows kernel driver by using the pool tag quick scanning is proposed. The method uses the quick pool tag scanning to reduce the memory range of the scan, and then scan the driver object according to the characteristics of the kernel driver object quickly, to help investigator to determine whether the driver is normal. Experimental results shows that the scanning efficiency for object scanning of kernel driver is improved greatly by using the quick pool tag scanning technology and the time spent in the scanning step is reduced while ensuring the false alarm rate is same.
Person Re-Identification Net of Spindle Net Fusing Facial Feature
Authors: Wu Dan , Fang Ming , Fu Feiran
Published: January 2020

In the field of person re-identification, the extraction of pedestrian features is mainly focused on the extraction of features from the whole pedestrian or limb torso, and the facial features are less used. The facial features is integrated into the network to enhance pedestrian recognition accuracy rate. By introducing the MTCNN facial extraction network in the framework of person re-identification network Spindle Net, and improves the accuracy of person re-identification by improving the weight of facial features in the overall pedestrian characteristics. The experimental results show that the accuracy of Rank-1 on the CUHK01, CUHK03, VIPeR, PRID, i-LIDS, and 3DPeS data sets is 7% higher than that of Spindle Net.
Experimental Research on Static Stiffness of the Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism
Authors: Shangjun Ma , Guanyu Wu , Jianxin Zhang , Geng Liu
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the static stiffness characteristics of the planetary roller screw mechanism (PRSM). Firstly, an analytical model of elastic deformation in the PRSM considering contact deformation, combined deformation of screw shaft and thread deformations is established. Then, an accuracy coefficient is introduced to take into account the effect of machining error and assembly error on elastic deformation. Secondly, the stiffness tests of the PRSM are performed under different loads and nut positions. Lastly, the correctness of the analytical results is verified via the comparison with experimental results. The results show that the analytical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the stiffness variations under different loads and nut positions are obtained.
Numerical Investigation on Magnetically Actuated Tunable Micro Liquid Lens
Authors: Wu Shi-Hua , Zhu Gui-Ping , Huang Hu-Lin
Published: January 2020

In this paper, magnetically actuated tunable liquid lens is fundamentally studied to have further potential application scope in research, industrial, aeronautical and astronautical areas. The magnetic field, which is generated by a magnetic potential applied to the permanent magnet domain, distributes non-uniformly in the computational domain and generates magnetic field force to obtain the deformation of the ferrofluid droplet. Consequently, the light-transmitting droplet deforms due to direct contact with the ferrofluid droplet by a connecting channel. The combined effects of gravitational, frictional, interfacial and pressure-driven force make light-transmissive droplet to be a programmable liquid lens. The light-transmissive droplet exhibits changes in the curvature of the contour, which results in different focal lengths for realizing the variable-focus liquid lens. This work focus on the driven mechanism by the magnetic force for a better understanding. The performance is numerically studied for a magnetically actuated varifocal liquid lens by finite element method. The results are presented individually for the distribution of magnetic and flow field, and light refraction.
Design of Dynamic Controllers for Continuous Paths on Parallel Platforms (Slide Modes and PD+)
Authors: Valencia Angie , Mauledoux Mauricio , Castañeda Claudia
Published: January 2020

A parallel robot is defined as a mechanism of closed kinematic chains with rigid movements, high speed, precision and better inertias, in respect to those with structures composed by open links. besides these configurations describe highly nonlinear behaviours, reflected in the complexity of their kinematic and kinetic models. Finally, these systems are integrated with control techniques that obtain the desired trajectories in this paper for continuous 3D printing applications. For this reason, the development of control techniques based on dynamics by torque control law using drivers for the actuators maintaining the desired torque are described, these control techniques allow to obtain continuous behaviours in the final effector in order to make uniform impressions for biopolymer scaffolds.
Vibration and cooling performances of piezoelectric cooling fan: numerical and experimental investigations
Authors: Liu Thomas Jin-Chee , Chen Yu-Shen , Ho Hsi-Yang , Liu Jyun-Ting
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the vibration and cooling performances of the piezoelectric cooling fan are studied. The finite element and experimental methods are adopted for the analyses. The natural frequency, mode shape, flapping amplitude, and cooling performance are discussed for the primary design. The numerical results have good agreement with the experimental measurements. For the cooling purpose, the piezoelectric cooling fan has to work under the natural frequency. The aspect ratio 2:3 is the optimal geometry of the fan blade.
Vibration Energy Harvest for Low Frequency using Double- piezoelectric Cantilever Beam
Authors: Tuma Chuttipong , Phaoharuhansa Danai
Published: January 2020

This study introduces design methods of natural frequency for double-piezoelectric cantilever beams in order to absorb electricity from mechanical vibration. The natural frequencies of double cantilever beams are designed by quadratic equation such as 6.45 and 18.14 Hz. On the other hands, FEA is used to recheck the result. FEA simulation presents the natural frequencies such as 4.4614, 8.4793, 13.8020 and 25.1050 Hz. It works in low frequency and large bandwidth. The experimental results show the peak electric power at 5 and 22 Hz. The error may occur by stiffness of piezoelectric and effective of mounting position.
Verification of Strain Transfer Characteristics of Distributed Surface-attached FBGs on Aircraft Wings
Authors: Ma Zhen , Chen Xiyuan
Published: January 2020

In order to provide higher accuracy for transfer alignment on aircraft, a surface-attached FBGs is designed for distributed deformation measurement of aircraft wing. To verify the measurement accuracy of the surface-attached FBGs, a strain calibration method of the surface-attached FBGs applied with the wing strain measurement is proposed. Two Aluminium Alloy Test Plates(AATP) with different sizes were designed as the matrix material for tensile test. The test results show that AATP-A has better test effect. Through the two sets of tensile tests, the change of wavelength measured on the surface-attached FBGs is in good agreement with the change of strain value of strain gauge.The experimental results prove that the method based on surface-attached FBGs is feasible for the strain measurement of aircraft wing. The method is simple and reliable, which lays a foundation for the follow-up study of the full-field deformation measurement of aircraft wing.
Aerodynamic effects of corrugation configurations in sweeping- pitching flight
Authors: Xuan Haibin , Hu Jun , Yu Yong , Zhang Jiaolong
Published: January 2020

Some insects possess corrugated wings, which distinguish from the ordinary airfoils. It is important to research the corrugation effect on the aerodynamic performances. A series of corrugated wing models were designed based on former research in represent study to find out the underlying mechanisms. The effects of the corrugation pattern and inclination angle were studied using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method during hovering flight at Reynolds numbers in the order of 104. The instantaneous aerodynamic forces and the vorticity field around the wing models were provided. The findings are as follows: (1) the results of this paper show that patterns of corrugation have different effect on aerodynamic performances. The corrugated wing like Corrug-1 changes the lift and drag very slightly compared with a flat-plate. The corrugation patterns like Corrug-2 and 3 of wing model reduce the lift and drag force. (2) the increase in the inclination angle has limited effect the aerodynamic forces. The inclination angles like corrug-3 and 4 produce almost the same forces.
Allergietherapie und Allergie-Immuntherapie im Kindesalter
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Chaker Adam M. , Casper Ingrid , Sperl Annette , Strieth Sebastian , Mösges Ralph
Published: January 2020

Inhalationsallergien bei Kindern erfordern eine umfassende Diagnostik und konsequente Therapie. Das Behandlungsspektrum umfasst neben der Allergenkarenz die symptomatische Pharmakotherapie und die kausale Allergie-Immuntherapie (AIT). Kinder sind eine wichtige Zielgruppe für eine AIT, da sie aufgrund ihrer Langzeiteffekte und sekundär-präventiven Eigenschaften den Verlauf der Erkrankung nachhaltig beeinflussen kann.
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval
Training on Physical Parameters, Metabolomic
Indexes and Serum Ficolin-3 Levels in Patients
with Prediabetes and Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Wang Gaifeng
Published: January 2020

Background Exercise benefits people with
abnormal glucose metabolism, and serum ficolin-3
levels have been reported to be associated with
diabetes. However, no relevant study has discussed
the relationship between high-intensity interval
training (HIIT) and ficolin-3 in a Chinese
population.

Objective To compare the effect of HIIT and
moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on
blood pressure, glucose control, the lipid profile
and the serum ficolin-3 level in patients with
prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods We recruited 145 patients with
prediabetes and 196 T2D patients from March to
June 2018. All participants were randomly grouped
into HIIT and MICT groups. HIIT consisted of
progressing to twelve 1-min bouts at 90% maximal
aerobic capacity (1 min recovery), and MICT
consisted of progressing to 20 min at 65% maximal
aerobic capacity. ˙VO2peak, body
composition, blood pressure, glucose, the lipid
profile and the serum ficolin-3 level were
measured before and after three weeks of
training.

Results After 3 weeks of training,
participants in both the HIIT and MICT groups had
significantly lower SBP, BMI, waist circumference,
% body fat, and serum levels of FPG, TC, TGs, UA
and ficolin-3, as well as increased vital capacity
and VOmax. Additionally, the patients in the HIIT
group still had significantly lower levels of 2hPG
and LDL-C, regardless of prediabetes or diabetes
status. After comparing the differences in the
variation in parameters between the HIIT and MICT
groups, we found that HIIT could help patients
with prediabetes or diabetes acquire better
effects of treatment in regard to anthropometry,
blood pressure, glucose control, UA and ficolin-3
levels than MICT. Finally, the patients in the
HIIT group had a lower rate of loss to follow-up
and a higher rate of session attendance.

Conclusions Both HIIT and MICT were
beneficial exercise strategies for health in
patients with prediabetes or T2D. However, HIIT is
a more time-efficient strategy and could lower the
serum level of ficolin-3 in patients after 3 weeks
of training.
Die Behandlung der Aneurysmen der Extremitätenarterien – ein systematischer Überblick
Authors: Pfabe Frank-Peter
Published: January 2020

Aneurysmen der Extremitätenarterien haben eine geringe Inzidenz und manifestieren sich häufig durch Komplikationen. Schwerste Komplikationen sind die Ruptur und die extremitätenbedrohende Ischämie. Beide sind diagnoseführend. Eine absolute Therapieindikation besteht bei symptomatischen Aneurysmen und bei asymptomatischen ab einer Größe von 2,0 cm. Goldstandard ist extrailiakal das Interponat oder der Bypass mit venösem Graftmaterial. Endovaskuläre Methoden sind inoperablen Patienten vorbehalten und klinische Einzelfallentscheidungen. Im Gegensatz dazu sind komplexe endovaskukläre Techniken beim isolierten Iliakalaneurysma etabliert und haben die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten deutlich verbessert. Ihre Realisierung ist an die Existenz einer geeigneten Landungszone gebunden. Diese ist Grundlage einer neuen Klassifikation des isolierten Iliakalaneurysmas. Anhand morphologischer Subtypen ist mit dieser Klassifikation eine standardisierte Prozedurplanung zum Perfusionserhalt der
A. iliaca interna möglich. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Behandlungsstrategie der Extremitätenarterienaneurysmen. Gemeinsamkeiten und regionale Unterschiede in der Therapie werden diskutiert.
Injektionsglottoplastik
Authors: Mainka Alexander
Published: January 2020

Die eingeschränkte Stimmleistung ist das Hauptsymptom der glottalen Insuffizienz. Dazu können Schluckbeschwerden, Atemnot beim Sprechen sowie eine verminderte allgemeine Leistungsfähigkeit kommen. Die Injektionsglottoplastik ist eine mögliche interventionelle Therapieoption.
The Effect of Tracheal Fluid Culture Sampling Method and Culture Results on Antibiotic Use in Neonates
Authors: Attar Mohammad A. , Iannetta Anthony , Mitri George E. , Pace Rachael A. , Schumacher Robert E.
Published: January 2020

Objective As part of quality improvement effort to decrease antibiotic use for presumed pneumonia (PNA) in our neonatal intensive care unit, we introduced minibronchoalveolar lavage (mBAL) to obtain culture specimens. We evaluated the effect of tracheal sampling method and culture results on antibiotic use.

Methods We performed a retrospective review of culture results of samples obtained by tracheal aspirates (TAs) and mBAL between January 2017 and April 2018. Noting the time cultures were obtained, we reviewed the records to determine if the patients met the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for PNA and evaluated culture results and antibiotic treatment practice. Fisher's exact and Mann–Whitney's tests when appropriate were used for the analysis.

Results Thirty-five (35) mBAL (on 21 patients) and 42 TAs (on 39 patients) were done prior to antibiotic therapy. The tests were done at similar median day of life in both groups (mBAL 55 days and TA 62 days). The frequencies of positive culture were similar in both groups (mBAL 60% and TA 57%). At the time of obtaining the sample, more mBAL patients met the CDC criteria for PNA (mBAL 54% and TA 26%). Antibiotic days and duration of antibiotic treatment were significantly higher in the mBAL group compared with the TA group. In patient with no clinical PNA, antibiotic days were significantly higher in those with positive cultures (which more likely reflect colonizing microbes) than those with negative cultures and were also higher in the mBAL group than in the TA group. There was a significant increase in the frequency of positive cultures in patients with longer hospital stay.

Conclusion Our results show that tracheal cultures on sick neonates with no clinical PNA and with long hospital stay might contribute to unnecessary antibiotic use regardless of the tracheal sampling method.
Use of Salvage Surgery or Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Multiply Recurrent Skull Base Chordomas: A Single-Institution Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yoo Stella K. , Strickland Ben A. , Zada Gabriel , Bian Shelly X. , Garsa Adam , Ye Jason C. , Yu Cheng , Weiss Martin H. , Wrobel Bozena B. , Giannotta Steven , Chang Eric L.
Published: January 2020

Introduction Chordomas are locally destructive neoplasms characterized by appreciable recurrence rates after initial multimodality treatment. We examined the outcome of salvage treatment in recurrent/progressive skull base chordomas.

Methods This is a retrospective review of recurrent/progressive skull base chordomas at a tertiary urban academic medical center. The outcomes evaluated were overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and incidence of new toxicity.

Results Eighteen consecutive patients who underwent ≥1 course of treatment (35.3% salvage surgery, 23.5% salvage radiation, and 41.2% both) were included. The median follow-up was 98.6 months (range 16–215 months). After initial treatment, the median PFS was 17.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9–22.6 months). Following initial therapy, age ≥ 40 had improved PFS on univariate analysis (p = 0.03). All patients had local recurrence, with 15 undergoing salvage surgical resections and 16 undergoing salvage radiation treatments (mostly stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]). The median PFS was 59.2 months (95% CI: 4.0–99.3 months) after salvage surgery, 58.4 months (95% CI: 25.9–195 months) after salvage radiation, and 58.4 months (95% CI: 25.9.0–98.4 months) combined. Overall survival for the total cohort was 98.7% ± 1.7% at 2 years and 92.8% ± 5.5% at 5 years. Salvage treatments were well-tolerated with two patients (11%) reporting tinnitus and one patient each (6%) reporting headaches, visual field deficits, hearing loss, anosmia, dysphagia, or memory loss.

Conclusion Refractory skull base chordomas present a challenging treatment dilemma. Repeat surgical resection or SRS seems to provide adequate salvage therapy that is well-tolerated when treated at a tertiary center offering multimodality care.
Pain and Psychological Distress: Effect of Microvascular Decompression on Sleep Disorders and Obsessions in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Wang Yanglingxi , Sun Kai , Zhang Wenling , Zhang HaiTao , Wang Chong
Published: January 2020

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effects of microvascular decompression (MVD) on sleep disorders and obsessions in trigeminal neuralgia.

Methods Clinical data from 115 patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated with MVD from August 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 at Jining First People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative risk factors for sleep disorders and obsessions, as well as the effects of MVD on sleep disorders and obsessions, were examined.

Results In 115 patients, there were significant differences in preoperative sleep disorders associated with sex, monthly household income, pain in multiple branches, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score (p < 0.05). Preoperative obsessions were significantly different according to age, gender, pain in multiple branches, monthly household income, VAS score, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score groups (p < 0.05). A 1-year recurrence was positively correlated with sleep disturbance (odds ratio = 3.829) and obsessions (odds ratio = 4.507). In addition, the results revealed a negative correlation between the manipulation of trigeminal neuralgia and postoperative sleep disorders (B ≥ 1.043). Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep disorders and obsessions before and 1 year after MVD (p < 0.05).

Conclusion For patients with trigeminal neuralgia, pain caused by sleep and obsession disorders should be examined early to identify an effective solution. Moreover, MVD, as a first treatment, is valuable for improving the physiological and psychological prognosis of patients.
Interplay of network structure and neighbour performance in user innovation
Authors: Yang Kunhao , Fujisaki Itsuki , Ueda Kazuhiro
Published: January 2020

Previous studies showed that regular users have become an important source of innovation (called user innovation). Previous studies also suggested that two factors have significant impacts on user innovation: the social network structure of the users and neighbours’ innovation performance (neighbours mean users having interactions with the focal user). However, in these studies, the influence of the two factors were only discussed separately, and it remained unclear whether these two factors interdependently affected a focal user’s innovation. To examine the interplay between the network structure and the neighbours’ innovation performance, we harnessed data sets from “Idea Storm”, which collects data on user network and idea submission. Through panel regression analyses, we found that—within an open-network structure—the higher innovation performance of neighbours has a larger positive impact on the focal user’s innovation ability. Conversely, in an enclosed network structure, neighbours’ higher performance has a larger negative impact on the focal user’s innovation ability. Our findings filled an important gap in understanding the interplay between the network structure and the neighbours’ performance in user innovation. More broadly, these results suggested that the interplay between the neighbours and the network structures merits attention that even goes beyond user innovation.
Launching a new dimension with 3D magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Fischer Peter , Sanz-Hernández Dédalo , Streubel Robert , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio
Published: January 2020

The scientific and technological exploration of three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures is an emerging research field that opens the path to exciting novel physical phenomena, originating from the increased complexity in spin textures, topology, and frustration in three dimensions. One can also anticipate a tremendous potential for novel applications with those systems in a magnetic sensor and information processing technologies in terms of improved energy efficiency, processing speed, functionalities, and miniaturization of future spintronic devices. These three-dimensional structures are distinct from traditional bulk systems as they harness the scientific achievements of nanomagnetism, which aimed at lowering the dimensions down to the atomic scale, but expand those now in a tailored and designed way into the third dimension. This research update provides an overview of the scientific challenges and recent progress with regard to advances in synthesis approaches and state-of-the-art nanoscale characterization techniques that are prerequisite to understand, realize, and control the properties, behavior, and functionalities of three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures.
Ralph Owen Slatyer 1929–2012
Authors: Farquhar Graham
Published: January 2020

Ralph Slatyer (16 April 1929–26 July 2012) had a distinguished career in the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and the Australian National University, in plant-water relations and plant succession, leading the development of physiological plant ecology. He was the founding Professor of Environmental Biology at the Research School of Biological Sciences, at the Australian National University and then Director of the Research School of Biological Sciences, 1984–9. He was Australian Ambassador to United Nations Educational and Scientific Cultural Organisation (1978–81), and as Australia’s first Chief Scientist (1989–92), he set up the Cooperative Research Centres.
Historical dynamics of the demersal fish community in the East and South China Seas
Authors: Gao Jin , Thorson James T. , Szuwalski Cody , Wang Hui-Yu
Published: January 2020

Taiwan has a long history of fishery operations and contributes significantly to the global fishery harvest. The East and South China seas are important fishing grounds for which publicly available data are very limited. More efforts are needed to digitise and analyse historical catch rate data to illuminate species and community changes in this region. In this study we digitised historical records of catch and effort from government fishery reports for nine commercial species caught by otter trawl, and reported quarterly from 1970 to 2001, from the East and South China seas. We analysed the four seasons and present abundance indices, distributions and among-species correlations for nine commercially important species from 1970 to 1988 (a period with high fishing effort) using a multispecies spatiotemporal model that estimates both covariation in multispecies catch rates, attributed to spatial habitat preferences and environmental responses, and indices representing trends in abundance and distribution. We found substantial spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of fishes and season-specific patterns. We recommend collaborative work from various adjacent countries to digitise historical records of fishing catch rates, because more records would potentially address scientific disagreements regarding trends in the abundance and distribution of commercial fishes in this region through comparative studies.
Description of the glochidia of Alathyria pertexta pertexta Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia : Hyriidae) from south-eastern Queensland
Authors: Klunzinger Michael W.
Published: January 2020

Most freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) have larvae (glochidia in Margaritiferidae, Hyriidae and Unionidae) that are parasitic on fishes. Mechanisms of glochidia release and morphological features (size, shape, larval teeth, etc.) vary across taxa and geography. Among the Australasian Hyriidae, glochidia have been described from 12 of the 28 putative species. Alathyria pertexta Iredale, 1934 is a widespread species from subtropical/semitemperate south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales to the northern wet tropics of Queensland and southern New Guinea. Little information is available on its biology and its glochidia have not been described in detail. The aim of this study was to describe the glochidia of A. pertexta pertexta and the method of their release. Gravid females collected from Mary River, near Kenilworth, and Isaac River, north-west of Rockhampton, Queensland, released glochidia in ‘amorphous mucus conglutinates’, in which glochidia are released from exhalent siphons of females in a loose mucus matrix that dissociates in water, during the austral spring (August–October); they then hatched from vitelline membranes but remained tethered by a larval thread and began characteristically ‘winking’. Shells (n = 80) are subtriangular and scalene in shape, 268.1 µm long (±1.21, s.e.), 242.9 µm high (±1.22, s.e.) and have a hinge length of 191 µm (±0.63, s.e.). Larval teeth are spineless, S-shaped hooks with singular interlocking cusps on opposing valves. The surface of the apex and valve margins are crenulated, and valves are smooth and porous, held together by a hinge and a singular internal adductor muscle.
LINGO1 is a regulatory subunit of large conductance, Ca
2+
-activated potassium channels
Authors: Dudem Srikanth , Large Roddy J. , Kulkarni Shruti , McClafferty Heather , Tikhonova Irina G. , Sergeant Gerard P. , Thornbury Keith D. , Shipston Michael J. , Perrino Brian A. , Hollywood Mark A.
Published: January 2020

Significance

Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitously expressed and alter cellular excitability. These channels are formed by four pore-forming α subunits whose biophysical and pharmacological properties are modulated by regulatory β and γ subunits. LINGO1 is a protein, previously shown to be upregulated in both Parkinson’s disease and Essential Tremor. Consequently, we investigated its effects on BK channels and demonstrate that LINGO1 associates with these channels in human cerebellum. LINGO1 causes BK channels to inactivate and to open at more negative potentials. Furthermore, coexpression of BK with LINGO1 also led to a reduction in BK channels in the membrane. Our data support the idea that LINGO1 is a regulatory subunit of BK channels.
限定性和汉语主句
Authors: Sybesma Rint
Published: January 2020

本文通过对含有光杆动宾结构和体标记的汉语非自足句的考察，提出这些句子不合法的原因在于它们都是非限定句。在对非限定句做出的功能定义的基础上，本文指出事件句的时间理解需要三类抽象“时间”，即事件时间（Situation Time, SitT），声称/指称时间（Topic/Reference Time, TT），和说话时间（Utterance Time, UT）。在此基础上，我们进一步指出限定句的骨架的必有成分包括 CP, TP, AspP 和 VP（即 VP-e）。因此，本文讨论的句子之所以不合法，可以归因于骨架的不完整。同时，本文也检验了几种修补该类句子的手段，指出其目的多是加强了谓语的潜在的事件性，以满足限定事件句骨架的需要。由此，本文提出了一种分析汉语非自足句的新的理论框架。
Hotel management’s attempts at repairing customers’ trust
Authors: Ho Victor
Published: January 2020

The present study explores the discursive practice of the hospitality industry in addressing competence-based,
benevolence-based, and integrity-based accusations of trust violation made by dissatisfied customers on TripAdvisor. Authentic
negative online reviews written by dissatisfied customers and the corresponding responses by hotel management downloaded directly
from TripAdvisor are analyzed qualitatively with Nvivo10. Results show that hotel management has the strongest preference for
apology, followed by implicit denial and then explicit denial when dealing with the three different types of accusations of trust
violation. The findings will enhance our understanding of trust and its repair, and benefit hospitality practitioners responsible
for handling online criticisms and complaints.
A new model for evaluating the diffraction elastic constants of WC-Co
Authors: Liu Li , Chen Qiang , Zhu Changjun , Chen Kanghua
Published: January 2020

A new model was developed to calculate the diffraction elastic constants (DECs), [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of a [Formula: see text] C-Co cemented carbide. In this model, the polycrystal is treated as an agglomerate of randomly orientated anisotropic grains, which are assumed to be spherical and embedded within a homogenous effective medium which is determined as the average of all grains. The accuracy of the predicted value is confirmed by in situ X-ray diffraction method under uniaxial loading. The model predictions fit well with the test results, since the largest deviations between the measured and calculated values for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the Co phase are less than 3.6% and 13.1%, respectively. The good agreement shows the reliable predictability of the model.
Characterization of cold-tolerant trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the deep-sea bacterium Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01
Authors: Tang Xixiang , Yi Zhiwei , Xu Xiashutong , Xu Rufang , Huang Ping , Yu Libo
Published: January 2020

A gene encoding the enzyme trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), which is part of the TPS trehalose synthesis pathway, was cloned from the deep-sea psychrotolerant bacterium Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The exogenously expressed TPS exhibited highest similarity (80.93% identity) to Microbacterium sp. TPS. The purified recombinant TPS was cold-tolerant, with low thermostability. The optimum temperature for TPS activity was 40°C, and the enzyme retained 72.6% of its maximal activity at 4°C. The optimum pH was 7.5. TPS activity was cation-dependent, with Mg2+, Co2+, or Ba2+ being essential for maximum activity. The kinetic constants of the recombinant TPS reaction rates confirmed that it was cold-tolerant. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that TPS was more flexible (0.8741Å) at 4°C than 1GZ5, its homolog in the mesophilic bacterium E. coli, and superposition of the 3D enzyme structures supported this.
Metallic alloys at the edge of complexity: structural aspects, chemical bonding and physical properties*
Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexander , Smetana Volodymyr , Mudring Anja-Verena
Published: January 2020

Complex metallic alloys belong to the vast family of intermetallic compounds and are hallmarked by extremely large unit cells and, in many cases, extensive crystallographic disorder. Early studies of complex intermetallics were focusing on the elucidation of their crystal structures and classification of the underlying building principles. More recently, ab initio computational analysis and detailed examination of the physical properties have become feasible and opened new perspectives for these materials. The present review paper provides a summary of the literature data on the reported compositions with exceptional structural complexity and their properties, and highlights the factors leading to the emergence of their crystal structures and the methods of characterization and systematization of these compounds.
A new AI-surrogate model for dynamics analysis of a magnetorheological damper in the semi-active seat suspension
Authors: Liu Xinhua , Wang Ningning , Wang Kun , Chen Shumei , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Zhixiong , Li Weihua
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to develop a surrogate model for dynamics analysis of a magnetorheological damper (MRD) in the semi-active seat suspension system. An improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA) which enhances the global search capability of the original FOA is proposed to optimize the structure of a back propagation neural network (BPNN) in establishing the surrogate model. An MRD platform was fabricated to generate experimental data to feed the IFOA-BPNN model. Intrinsic patterns about the MRD dynamics behind the datasets have been discovered to establish a reliable MRD surrogate model. The outputs of the surrogate model demonstrate satisfactory dynamics characteristics in consistence with the experimental results. Moreover, the performance of the IFOA-BPNN based surrogate model was compared with that produced by the BPNN based, genetic algorithm-BPNN based, and FOA-BPNN based surrogate models. The comparison result shows better tracking capacity of the proposed method on the hysteresis behaviors of the MRD. As a result, the newly developed surrogate model can be used as the basis for advanced controller design of the semi-active seat suspension system.
Rapid and transient enhancement of thalamic information transmission induced by vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Rodenkirch Charles , Wang Qi
Published: January 2020

Objective. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been FDA-approved as a long-term, therapeutic treatment for multiple disorders, including pharmacoresistant epilepsy and depression. Here we elucidate the short-term effects of VNS on sensory processing. Approach. We employed an information theoretic approach to examine the effects of VNS on thalamocortical transmission of sensory-related information along the somatosensory pathway. Main results. We found that VNS enhanced the selectivity of the response of thalamic neurons to specific kinetic features in the stimuli, resulting in a significant increase in the efficiency and rate of stimulus-related information conveyed by thalamic spikes. VNS-induced improvements in thalamic sensory processing coincided with a decrease in thalamic burst firing. Importantly, we found VNS-induced enhancement of sensory processing had a rapid onset and offset, completely disappearing one minute after cessation of VNS. The timescales of these effects indicate against an underlying mechanism involving long-term neuroplasticity. We found several patterns of VNS (tonic, standard duty-cycle, and fast duty-cycle) all induced similar improvements in sensory processing. Under closer inspection we noticed that due to the fast timescale of VNS effects on sensory processing, standard duty-cycle VNS induced a fluctuating sensory processing state which may be sub-optimal for perceptual behavior. Fast duty-cycle VNS and continuous, tonic VNS induced quantitatively similar improvements in thalamic information transmission as standard duty-cycle VNS without inducing a fluctuating thalamic state. Further, we found the strength of VNS-induced improvements in sensory processing increased monotonically with amplitude and frequency of VNS. Significance. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of utilizing specific patterns of VNS to rapidly improve sensory processing and confirm fast duty-cycle and tonic patterns as optimal for this purpose, while showing standard duty-cycle VNS causes non-optimal fluctuations in thalamic state.
Projected effects of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming levels on the intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics over the Greater Horn of Africa
Authors: Gudoshava Masilin , Misiani Herbert O , Segele Zewdu T , Jain Suman , Ouma Jully O , Otieno George , Anyah Richard , Indasi Victor S , Endris Hussen Seid , Osima Sarah , Lennard Christopher , Zaroug Modathir , Mwangi Emmah , Nimusiima Alex , Kondowe Alfred , Ogwang Bob , Artan Guleid , Atheru Zachary
Published: January 2020

This study examines the effects of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming levels (GWLs) on intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics over the Greater Horn of Africa. The impacts are analysed based on the outputs of a 25-member regional multi-model ensemble from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment project. The regional climate models were driven by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Global Climate Models for historical and future (RCP8.5) periods. We analyse the three major seasons over the region, namely March–May, June–September, and October–December. Results indicate widespread robust changes in the mean intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics at 1.5 °C and 2 °C GWLs especially for the June–September and October–December seasons. The March–May season is projected to shift for both GWL scenarios with the season starting and ending early. During the June–September season, there is a robust indication of delayed onset, reduction in consecutive wet days and shortening of the length of rainy season over parts of the northern sector under 2 °C GWL. During the October–December season, the region is projected to have late-onset, delayed cessation, reduced consecutive wet days and a longer season over most of the equatorial region under the 2 °C GWL. These results indicate that it is crucial to limit the GWL to below 1.5 °C as the differences between the 1.5 °C and 2 °C GWLs in some cases exacerbates changes in the intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics over the Greater Horn of Africa.
The energy and ecological performance of the hot water boiler burning linden bark and wood briquettes
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I
Published: January 2020

The North-West of Russia possesses huge wood resources reserves, therefore the issues of the most efficient use of wood biomass are relevant for this region. The implication of wood biofuels into fuel and energy budget provides an opportunity to reduce the negative impact of power industry facilities on the environment and preserve the potential of non-renewable fuels for future generations. An effective way of the complex solution of energy and ecological problems, while providing heating loads for consumers, is the use of modern devices operating on solid biofuel. Technical analysis of foreign and domestic high-performance heating units has great importance. The aim of the research is an evaluation of energy and ecological performance of the Firematic 60 hot water boiler burning bark of linden, briquettes from wood sanding dust and sawdust of plywood processing, as well as briquettes obtained by pressing softwood sawdust and shavings. The paper presents thermotechnical characteristics of burning biofuels and the components of boiler heat balance and gaseous emission from the burning linden bark and briquettes. Particulate matter emission and content of soot were studied. The shape and composition of soot particles were determined with a Zeiss SIGMA VP electronic scanning microscope. Presented data were obtained using equipment of the Research Center of Power Engineering Innovations. The results of the comprehensive energy audit have shown that the Firematic 60 boiler provides high technical and economic performance with minimum emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere. It can be used for low-rise buildings heat supply in weather conditions of the Arctic region especially.
Forest fires and their environmental problems on the territory of Irkutsk Region
Authors: Belykh L I
Published: January 2020

The dynamics of forest fires in the Irkutsk region and its districts was studied. Over the past 30 years, there has been a tendency to increase the area of forest fires covered by fire. Areas with high forest burning were identified. Dynamics of the content of Benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of cities and indicators of fires in the region and its districts are compared. It is established that the content of Benzo(a)pyrene in the air in many cities linearly depends on the area of forest fires. Dynamics of forest fires and the number of hunting fauna in the Irkutsk region districts were studied. With the help of linear correlations, the positive impact of fires on the population of the family of deer (Cervidae), canids (Canidae), cats (Felidae), bears (Ursidae) and pheasants (Phasianidae), due to one of such factors as the migration of animals from the burning nearby areas, was confirmed. Unstable and negative population dynamics was revealed for the populations of the Kunya family (Mustelidae).
Assessment of environmental damage from oil sludge to land resources in the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Timofeeva S S
Published: January 2020

In Russia, the problem of sustainable development is most acute and representative. For the vast territories and rich natural subsoil resources, the environmental issue becomes the most acute. In Russia, from an environmental point of view, there are many territories of concern which make it clear that theoretical issues gain practical importance. The Central Siberian Plateau with its large reserves of raw hydrocarbons - the Lena-Tunguska oil and gas province with a total area of about 2.8 million km2 - is a region of intensive oil and gas production. The amount of ecosystem transformations has no analogues in Russia; all transformations were formed in a short period of time (30-50 years). To maintain this industry, linear and non-linear structures were built, which transformed the landscape and territories not only superficially: the exploration and well construction transformed the geology of the region. This article addressed the damage caused to the soils of the Irkutsk Region in oil and gas production by the three most promising fields: the Yarakta, Markovo and Dulisma fields. The calculation was made in accordance with the methodology for calculating the amount of damage caused to the soil as an object of environmental protection. The calculated damage without taking into account possible emergencies at oil and gas production facilities amounted to almost 100 million rubles.
Methods and techniques for controlling knowledge acquired at instructional briefings while occupational safety training
Authors: Sevastyanov B V , Lisina E B , Selyunina N V , Shadrin R O , Shalamova A V
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of control procedure organization as the final stage of labor protection educational process when studying the causes and prevention of injuries. In the course of the control procedures analysis,traditional and innovative methods of control has beenidentified and put into practice, considering the aspect of their effectiveness and efficiency. An examination of the methods of controlling knowledge mastering, as a result of safety briefings on avoiding industrial injuries, has been carried out. The potential of different methods of control has been revealed. It is assumed that the use of interactive methods and innovative forms of control increases the effectiveness of labor protection instructions, since besides the controlling function, they have the training potential.
Land reclamation technologies for direct dumping
Authors: Dudinskiy F V , Nechaev K B
Published: January 2020

The article describes features of the direct dumping method and analyzes various profiles of group dumps that meet land reclamation requirements. Main provisions oftechnological overburden and dumping schemes using draglines were analyzed. Three groups of technological schemes of overburden and dumping works were analyzed. They differ in methods of fillingof intermediate dumps when forming a group dump and land reclamation objectives. Technical and economic assessment of mining options using draglines for overburden and dumping works was carried out.Technical, economic and ecological results of mining operations were identified and analyzed.
An innovative solution to the problem of reclamation of the dusting surface of the tailings of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky territory
Authors: Krupskaya L T , Bubnova M B , Golubev D A
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the innovative solution of the issues of reclamation of dusting surfaces of the tailing dump man-made surface formations (MSF) containing toxic waste from the processing of polymetallic ore raw materials of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky Territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). It is shown that the large amounts of enrichment waste accumulated in the last century during the intensive development of tin mineral deposits led to the destruction and degradation of forest ecosystems, which create a real threat to the health of the population of the mining village. Dangerous disturbances of ecological equilibrium, pollution of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere by a wide range of compounds of toxic heavy metals and arsenic are revealed. The enrichment wastes stored in tailings, the conservation and reclamation of which were not carried out contrary to Russian legislation, contributed to the large-scale transformation of the basic component of ecosystems-soil, as well as vegetation. In the vicinity of a closed mining enterprise, the migration of pollutants and erosion processes (water and wind) led to a crisis ecological situation. A negative factor for the soil and vegetation cover is atmospheric precipitation, dissolving a large amount of toxic substances. The relevance of research of the above issue is related to the need to preserve and restore an environmentally friendly environment within the influence of the man-made system. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to recreate the productivity of man-made surface formations (disturbed by the tailing of land) using bioremediation to ensure the environmental and social safety of toxic waste from the processing of polymetallic ores in the Primorye Territory. Based on experimental studies, an assessment was made of waste as a potential source of technogenic pollution of the ecosphere and an innovative technological solution was developed to rehabilitate the dusting surface of the tailings pond is developed. Experimentally proved the possibility of using to recreate the productivity of technologically polluted substrate tailings of the following composition: 1) biochar – 30%; 2) zeolites – 5%; 3) humic acids – 5%; 4) waste of oreenrichment of tin-containing raw materials – 60%. The novelty of the proposed composition is confirmed by the Patent of the Russian Federation (2018).