Accelerated Metabolism and Inflammatory Response: Crucial Roles in Homeostasis and Regeneration
Authors: SILVA GUSTAVO VILELA 
Published: January 2024

Tumor suppressor protein p53: The p53 protein is known as the “guardian of the genome”. It plays a crucial role in tumor suppression by monitoring damaged DNA and activating cellular responses, such as cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death), to prevent the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.Retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins: Rb proteins act as negative regulators of the cell cycle. They control cell cycle progression by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) and preventing cells from entering the division stage. Defects in Rb proteins are associated with several types of cancer.BRCA tumor suppressor gene signaling pathway proteins: BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are involved in DNA repair. They play a crucial role in detecting DNA damage and activating repair mechanisms. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and other types of cancer.Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family proteins: CDKs are enzymes that regulate cell cycle progression, controlling the transition between phases of the cell cycle. Some CDKs, such as CDK4 and CDK6, are involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle and tumor suppression.DNA repair pathway proteins such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins and homologous recombination repair (HR) proteins: These proteins play important roles in detecting and repairing DNA damage. They help correct mutations and DNA chain breaks, thus preventing the formation of cancer cells.These are just some of the proteins involved in regulation, tumor suppression and DNA repair. There are many other proteins and signaling pathways involved in these complex processes, and the interaction between them is essential to maintain the integrity of the genome and prevent the development of invasive or cancerous cells.Nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins and homologous recombination repair (HR) proteins are two DNA repair mechanisms that play essential roles in maintaining the integrity of genetic material. Both processes aim to correct DNA damage, but they act on different types of lesions and use different repair strategies.Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER): Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism that deals with lesions that distort the structure of the DNA double helix, such as pyrimidine dimers induced by UV radiation or DNA adducts caused by Chemicals. The text highlights several proteins and signaling pathways involved in regulation, tumor suppression and DNA repair. The p53 protein, known as the "guardian of the genome", plays a crucial role in preventing the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA. It monitors damaged DNA, activating cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Rb family proteins act as negative regulators of the cell cycle, controlling progression and inhibiting cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) activity. Defects in these proteins are associated with several types of cancer.The BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins, belonging to the BRCA tumor suppressor gene signaling pathway, play a crucial role in detecting DNA damage and activating repair mechanisms. Mutation in these genes is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and other types of cancer. CDKs, such as CDK4 and CDK6, regulate the transition between cell cycle phases, contributing to tumor suppression.Furthermore, the text highlights the importance of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins and homologous recombination repair (HR) proteins in maintaining the integrity of genetic material. NER addresses lesions that distort the structure of the DNA double helix, such as pyrimidine dimers and DNA adducts, by removing and replacing damaged regions. These processes are essential for correcting mutations and DNA chain breaks, preventing the formation of cancer cells. The text emphasizes that these proteins and signaling pathways work interconnectedly to maintain the integrity of the genome and prevent the development of invasive or cancerous cells.