bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media and State Action: Click "Like" and Follow This Two-Part Test
Authors: Spicer Jacob E.
Published: December 2023

The right to free speech was deemed so important by the Framers of the Bill of Rights that they enshrined this right in the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. There was, however, no way they could have envisioned how communication would evolve to what it is now in the twenty-first century and the related issues that would arise. The threshold question to all alleged First Amendment violations is whether the action at issue is state action. As means of communication progressively move more online to social media, this question has become more difficult to answer. Many government officials now use social media to espouse their policies and interact with their constituents, which has been beneficial in many senses. But this has also led to many contentious interactions between government officials and private citizens. These contentious interactions have resulted in courts grappling with the question of whether certain actions on social media, such as blocking a person from interacting with an account, constitute state action.

Most of the federal courts of appeals use a purpose and appearance test to answer this question. This test considers the purpose and appearance of the social media account at issue by weighing several factors to determine whether a government official’s activity while using that account is state or private action. The Sixth Circuit, however, has opted to perform the state-official test to determine whether action taken on social media is state action. This test asks whether certain social media activity is part of an official’s actual or apparent duties or could not have happened in the same way without the authority of their office. This has led to a circuit split as to how to best handle this issue.

This Comment examines the federal courts of appeals cases utilizing these tests and proposes a solution to this circuit split by creating a two-part test using both the state-official and the purpose and appearance tests. The first part of this two-part test calls for the use of the state-official test. The stateofficial test is a bright-line test that, if satisfied, would find state action without the need to consider the purpose and appearance of a social media account. If no state action is found, however, then the second part of this two-part test uses the more flexible, multi-factor purpose and appearance test to determine if there is state action. By combining these separate tests into a two-part test, in this order, it both takes advantage of their inherent strengths and mitigates their weaknesses. Social media has established itself as a major tool for private citizens and government officials to interact with each other to an extent previously not possible. It is imperative, therefore, that United States courts be prepared to uniformly handle this issue that has occurred numerous times and will continue to occur as long as social media exists.
THE MICROENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE ON THE CRIMINAL FEMALE BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Кунц Е.В.
Published: December 2023

В статье системно анализируется влияние микросреды на преступное поведение женщин. Отмечается, что современное российское общество демонстрирует свое развитие, изменчивость, появление новых подходов к пониманию традиционной культуры. В обществе это стало проявляться противоположным отношением к насилию и преследованиям, к социальным нормам, когда было принято замалчивать наличие насильственных методов воспитания в семье, насильственного характера взаимоотношений между супругами, что не может не влиять на преступное поведение женщин. Цель исследования – комплексное научное обоснование влияния микросреды на преступное поведение женщин. В процессе исследования использован диалектико-мировоззренческий подход, который определяет основные направления и общие принципы познания. По итогам проведенного анализа, путем обоснования на теоретическом уровне дается анализ влиянию микросреды на преступное поведение женщин. Установлено, что микросредовое окружение порождает уголовно наказуемые деяния женщин-преступниц, находит свое выражение в той среде, в которой женщина воспитывалась, живет, работает, учится. Круг общения лиц женского пола оказывает непосредственное влияние на их образ жизни, поведение, целевые установки.

The article systematically analyzes the influence of the microenvironment on the criminal behavior of women. It is noted that modern Russian society demonstrates its development, variability, and the emergence of new approaches to understanding traditional culture. In society, this began to manifest itself in an opposite attitude towards violence and persecution, towards social norms, when it was customary to hush up the presence of violent methods of education in the family, the violent nature of relationships between spouses, which cannot influence the criminal behavior of women. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive scientific substantiation of the influence of the microenvironment on the criminal behavior of women. In the research process, a dialectical worldview approach was used, which determines the main directions and general principles of knowledge. Based on the results of the analysis, through justification at the theoretical level, an analysis is given of the influence of the microenvironment on the criminal behavior of women. It has been established that the micro-environmental environment gives rise to criminal acts of female criminals, which find their expression in the environment in which the woman was raised, lives, works, and studies. The social circle of females has a direct impact on their lifestyle, behavior, and goals.
Type I error rates and power of two randomization test procedures for the changing criterion design
Authors: Manolov Rumen , Tanious René
Published: December 2023

Single-case experimental design (SCED) data can be analyzed following different approaches. One of the first historically proposed options is randomizations tests, benefiting from the inclusion of randomization in the design: a desirable methodological feature. Randomization tests have become more feasible with the availability of computational resources, and such tests have been proposed for all major types of SCEDs: multiple-baseline, reversal/withdrawal, alternating treatments, and changing criterion designs. The focus of the current text is on the last of these, given that they have not been the subject of any previous simulation study. Specifically, we estimate type I error rates and statistical power for two different randomization procedures applicable to changing criterion designs: the phase change moment randomization and the blocked alternating criterion randomization. We include different series lengths, number of phases, levels of autocorrelation, and random variability. The results suggest that type I error rates are generally controlled and that sufficient power can be achieved with as few as 28–30 measurements for independent data, although more measurements are needed in case of positive autocorrelation. The presence of a reversal to a previous criterion level is beneficial. R code is provided for carrying out randomization tests following the two randomization procedures.
El Paradigma de la Complejidad
Authors: Rentería Rentería Alan Roberto , Martínez Ponce Juan Pablo
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo pretende realizar una investigación sobre el entendimiento que actualmente se tiene respecto al concepto de complejidad. Partimos de la tesis de que, a pesar de las diferentes ideas que el Pensamiento Complejo y las Ciencias de la Complejidad puedan tener respecto a la complejidad en sí mismas, tales diferencias no son sustanciales para considerarse aisladas o independientes, sino que por el contrario, conforman la generalidad de lo que se puede definir como el paradigma de la complejidad. Para argumentar esta afirmación, se analizarán a los principales autores en torno al tema de lo complejo, para dialogar entre sus debates y argumentar una postura de unicidad ligada a temas esenciales como la epistemología y el sujeto.
PopSED: Population-level Inference for Galaxy Properties from Broadband Photometry with Neural Density Estimation
Authors: Li 李 Jiaxuan 嘉轩 , Melchior Peter , Hahn ChangHoon , Huang 黄 Song 崧
Published: December 2023

We present PopSED , a framework for the population-level inference of galaxy properties from photometric data. Unlike the traditional approach of first analyzing individual galaxies and then combining the results to determine the physical properties of the entire galaxy population, we directly make the population distribution the inference objective. We train normalizing flows to approximate the population distribution by minimizing the Wasserstein distance between the synthetic photometry of the galaxy population and the observed data. We validate our method using mock observations and apply it to galaxies from the GAMA survey. PopSED reliably recovers the redshift and stellar mass distribution of 105 galaxies using broadband photometry within <1 GPU hr, being 105–6 times faster than the traditional spectral energy distribution modeling method. From the population posterior, we also recover the star-forming main sequence for GAMA galaxies at z < 0.1. With the unprecedented number of galaxies in upcoming surveys, our method offers an efficient tool for studying galaxy evolution and deriving redshift distributions for cosmological analyses.
Quelle thérapie pour les pédophiles ?
Authors: Joulain Stéphane
Published: December 2023

Il y a une nette différence entre la perception des pédophiles par l’opinion et le regard des thérapeutes. Les considérer comme des « monstres » ne contribue pas à les aider. Qu’est-ce qui peut le faire ? Une attitude d’empathie permet un chemin, sinon de guérison, au moins de réintégration sociale.
Preparing Nurse Educator Students for the New National Council of State Boards of Nursing NCLEX and AACN Essentials
Authors: Cline Genieveve J. , Rinaldi Kailey , Pryor Stacy , Messer Monica
Published: December 2023

Background:

Graduate nursing education students are required to complete essential core content (such as education theory, accreditation, evidence-based teaching strategies, and evaluation methods) to prepare them to transition into independent practice. The 2021–2022 academic year required a monumental change in the existing curriculum to incorporate the 2021 American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Essentials
and the Next Gen National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) content.

Method:

An innovative, prioritized, learner-centered, backward design was used to update the existing curriculum to add the new core content to the nursing education student curriculum.

Results:

The end of program comprehensive exams revealed that the students were able to successfully develop a test blueprint, utilizing case studies with Next Gen NCLEX question types designed to measure clinical judgment, and map to the 2021 AACN
Essentials
.

Conclusion:

The timely implementation of the curriculum revisions resulted in the achievement of desired student learning outcomes.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(3):192–196.]
Settlement Patterns and Residential Choices of the Chinese-Born Immigrants of Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis Department
Authors: Attané Isabelle , Chuang Ya-Han , Wang Su
Published: December 2023

This article uses 2015 census data to describe and analyse the settlement and residential practices of the Chinese-born in the Île-de-France region, particularly in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis, where the majority of them live. It first shows that their habitat now extends beyond the previously identified residential enclaves and highlights the neighbourhoods in which they are most overrepresented. It then examines the rationale for their location. Three main results emerge from the analyses. On the one hand, more Chinese-born people now live outside areas of commercial centrality characterised by social marking of space than within their boundaries. On the other hand, the places where they work are not confined to these areas of commercial centrality. Finally, the workers’ residential locations respond to rational logic, favouring the acquisition of housing in areas close to their workplaces.
A Quasi-Newton Matrix Factorization-Based Model for Recommendation
Authors: Shao Shiyun , Xia Yunni , Bai Kaifeng , Zhou Xiaoxin
Published: December 2023

Solving large-scale non-convex optimization problems is the fundamental challenge in the development of matrix factorization (MF)-based recommender systems. Unfortunately, employing conventional first-order optimization approaches proves to be an arduous endeavor since their curves are very complex. The exploration of second-order optimization methods holds great promise. They are more powerful because they consider the curvature of the optimization problem, which is captured by the second-order derivatives of the objective function. However, a significant obstacle arises when directly applying Hessian-based approaches: their computational demands are often prohibitively high. Therefore, the authors propose AdaGO, a novel quasi-Newton method-based optimizer to meet the specific requirements of large-scale non-convex optimization problems. AdaGO can strike a balance between computational efficiency and optimization performance. In the comparative studies with state-of-the-art MF-based models, AdaGO demonstrates its superiority by achieving higher prediction accuracy.
Imipenem/cilastatin-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Jesrani Gautam , Gupta Samiksha , Lamba Amtoj Singh , Arora Shreya , Gupta Monica
Published: December 2023

Rationale:

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is an acute pulmonary illness caused by eosinophilic infiltration of the lung parenchyma. It can happen after using drugs such as daptomycin and minocycline. AEP induced by imipenem/cilastatin is a rare condition.

Patient's Concern:

A 45-year-old male patient, who previously suffered from a urinary tract infection and treated with imipenem/cilastatin antibiotic, was presented to us with acute respiratory distress, soon after the initiation of the antibiotic. Computed tomography identified pulmonary infiltrates in the upper and middle lung fields and eosinophils were found to account for 36% of differential count of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. He also developed peripheral eosinophilia as the disease progressed.

Diagnosis:

AEP, secondary to imipenem/cilastatin therapy.

Interventions:

Steroid therapy was administered and imipenem/cilastatin antibiotic was discontinued.

Outcomes:

The patient improved completely following the therapy and had clear lung fields on follow-up.

Lessons:

Imipenem/cilastatin is an uncommon cause of AEP and requires close monitoring during therapy.
Clinical Profile of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Vakil Zahaan , Ahire Kiran
Published: December 2023

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been projected, within the next 20 years, to become the major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality as well as a leading indication for liver transplantation. Affected South Asian Indians are at higher risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. There is a dearth of data related to NAFLD and its various sequelae and correlation with cardiovascular disease in South Asia.

Materials and Methods:

It was an observational, prospective study conducted over 2 years on 80 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. All patients diagnosed with NAFLD were investigated for MS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and a relationship between NAFLD and MS was correlated.

Results:

MS was found to be present in 72.5% of the patients. Significant results were obtained while correlating MS parameters and fatty liver grading, implying that patients with a higher fatty liver grading were more likely to have derangements in metabolic markers.

Conclusion:

NAFLD was found to be associated with an increased incidence of MS and thereby a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, warranting a high index of suspicion for both. A higher ultrasound grading of fatty liver was found to be associated with an increased incidence of MS.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters on Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Obese versus Nonobese Adults
Authors: Gupta Aditya , Garg Ravinder , Chawla Sumit Pal Singh , Kaur Sarabjot , Goyal Shiwali
Published: December 2023

Background:

Obesity and overweight, irrespective of metabolic status, confer an increased risk of adverse consequences including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The mechanisms underlying altered cardiovascular responses in obese individuals during and after submaximal treadmill exercise are the subjects of great interest to public health. After graded exercise, delayed heart rate recovery (HRR), exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response, and prolongation of QT interval are the powerful predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may facilitate timely identification of individuals at risk of CVD and help to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment interventions.

Aim:

To compare the cardiovascular parameters on submaximal treadmill exercise in obese and nonobese adults.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 80 subjects, 40 obese (cases) and 40 normal-weight individuals (controls), belonging to the age group of 18–60 years. Each participant was subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured preexercise, immediately after exercise, and during passive recovery at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. The Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test, whichever is appropriate, were employed for the comparison of variables between the two study groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Mean HR immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min postexercise was significantly higher in obese when compared to nonobese participants (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, P = 0.001) despite similar resting HR in both the groups (P = 0.874). Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly higher in obese in comparison to nonobese subjects in all stages, i.e. before exercise, immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. QT and QTc intervals were also found to be significantly greater in obese than nonobese subjects in all stages (P = 0.001 each).

Conclusion:

Obese subjects had higher resting BP (SBP, DBP, and MAP), QT/QTc interval, RPP, and increased response to submaximal treadmill exercise activity. Delayed HRR after exercise was also noted in obese subjects which indicates that obese populations are at risk of developing CVDs due to alteration in autonomic functions with sympathetic hyperactivity.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritic Changes Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography in South Indian Population
Authors: Pattugayathri S. , Harshavardhan B. G. , Poongodi V. , Gopal K. Saraswathi
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by synovitis, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone remodeling and it is an age-related disorder. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used for diagnosis of degenerative changes in TMJ, at the same time ensuring lower radiation dose, a shorter exposure time, and a higher spatial resolution.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of osteoarthritic changes of TMJ using CBCT.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred fifty CBCT images were collected from the department database and the condylar morphology and the degenerative changes were evaluated in the coronal and sagittal sections. The CBCT images which had changes were only included in the study. The left and right TMJ were evaluated separately.

Results:

In our study, the prevalence of osteoarthritic changes of TMJ was higher in females than males. TMJ on the right side was more affected than the left side. Among the study population, 40–49 years age group had extensive changes than other age groups, and severity increases in the older age group. The flattening was the most common change, followed by thinning, erosion, osteophyte, and sclerosis.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that there is significant gender- and age-related variation in the osteoarthritic changes of TMJ. This study showed that the occurrence of degenerative changes is much higher in females and the prevalence increases with advancement of age and was also seen in younger age groups. The occurrence of osteoarthritic changes was also much prevalent among the population.
Incidence of refractive surprise after phacoemulsification in patients of cataract with primary pterygium
Authors: Jain Pragati , Nema Nitin
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to find the incidence of refractive surprise in patients of cataract with primary pterygium and compare it with patients of cataract without pterygium after phacoemulsification surgery.

METHODS:

The present observational study included 30 patients who had cataract with pterygium and 30 patients of cataract without pterygium. A detailed ophthalmic examination was done in all the cases. Horizontal corneal encroachment of pterygium from the limbus was measured. Keratometry and biometric measurements were performed preoperatively to determine the target refraction which was kept between − 0.50D and + 0.50D. The achieved spherical equivalent (SE) and prediction error were calculated postoperatively. A difference of >± 1.00D SE from the targeted postoperative refraction was considered a refractive surprise.

RESULTS:

The mean age of patients was 61 ± 8.32 years. The mean extension of pterygium on the cornea was 2.3 ± 0.91 mm. Refractive surprise was seen in 16.7% of cases of cataract with pterygium and 10% of cases of cataract without pterygium.

CONCLUSION:

Only cataract surgery can be performed in patient having cataract with primary pterygium of up to 2.3 ± 0.91 mm horizontal corneal length, and the incidence of refractive surprise in these cases is comparable to that in patients of cataract without pterygium.
Can chromatic text/background improve Arabic reading performance?
Authors: Alsalem Norah I. , Almustanyir Ali , Alhassan Mosaad , Almutleb Essam , Alluwimi Muhammed , Alabdulkader Balsam
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE:

Colors have been shown to improve reading performance; however, the effect of colors on Arabic orthography has not been studied. This study aimed to design and create a chromatic acuity chart to evaluate the effect of chromatic contrast on Arabic reading performance.

METHODS:

Color selection for the newly developed chromatic acuity chart was based on the contrast between the L, M, and S cones. The colors were chosen to have a luminance of approximately 13.6 cd/m2 with red text on a green background. A Pantone color guide set was used to choose the colors. Fifteen healthy individuals aged 19–27 years were recruited. Reading performance was measured using the newly developed red-green (R-G) chart and compared with the original achromatic Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) chart with a luminance of 95 cd/m2. The outcomes were maximum reading speed in standard-length words per minute (SLWPM), reading acuity (RA), and critical print size (CPS).

RESULTS:

The mean R-G SLWPM of 201 wpm was similar to that of the BAL chart (P < 0.05). The mean RA for the R-G chart was − 0.05 logMAR and − 0.20 logMAR for the BAL chart (P < 0.05). The CPS for the R-G chart was 0.36 logMAR, significantly higher than the original chart of 0.17 logMAR (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

This study showed that the reading performance for a text that varies only in chromatic contrast along the R-G axis reduces the reading performance for CPS and RA. Individuals showed an approximate decline of two lines on an Arabic continuous text chart compared with a high-contrast achromatic chart. This information can be used to further develop a set of near-reading charts that can efficiently determine whether there is a differential loss in chromatic and achromatic sensitivity in patients with various vision disorders.
Effect of pranayama and mindfulness meditation on emotional distress and fatigue in adult hematological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Joshi Anjali Mangesh , Mehta Suchitra Ajay , Dhakate Nishad Gajanan , Mehta Ajay Omprakash
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Hematological cancer patients often experience anxiety, depression, and fatigue during chemotherapy. Addressing these issues can improve the quality of life and long-term well-being. This study evaluated the effects of pranayama and mindfulness meditation intervention on emotional distress and fatigue in hematological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

Adult hematological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 27) were randomized into the intervention group (n = 12) or control group (n = 15). Baseline and post-6 weeks assessment was made using the Emotion Thermometer (ET) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). The intervention included daily practice of slow-paced pranayama and mindfulness meditation for 15 min each.

Results:

Statistical software SPSS v20.0 was used for data analysis. Within the intervention group, the pre–post comparisons indicated a statistically significant reduction in distress (p = 0.002), anxiety (p = 0.02), anger (p = 0.03), depression (p = 0.004), and need for help (p = 0.0005) scores of ET. Total fatigue (p = 0.002), physical fatigue (p = 0.002), and mental fatigue (p = 0.002) scores of FAS declined significantly within the intervention group. There was no statistically significant improvement for any parameter of ET or FAS within the control group. Between the groups, comparison showed a statistically significant reduction in distress (p = 0.004), anxiety (p = 0.02), anger (p = 0.03), need for help (p < 0.0005), total fatigue scores (p < 0.0001), physical fatigue (p < 0.0001), and mental fatigue (p < 0.0001) in the intervention group as compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

The results suggest the potential role of integrated pranayama and mindfulness meditation intervention in reducing emotional distress and fatigue in hematological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further validation with a larger sample size is required.
Dengue in Cebu City, Philippines: A Pilot Study of Predictive Models and Visualizations for Public Health
Authors: Snyder Johnny , Maglasang Gibson
Published: December 2023

Dengue is a global health issue, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Prevention is the most appropriate method to fight the spread of the virus. The objective of this research is to present a model, along with visualizations, that will enable health officials and community leaders to identify when and where potential dengue outbreaks are likely to occur. Armed with this information, local resources can be adequately deployed in an effort to use limited supplies effectively. A mathematical model that uses easily obtainable data, along with visualizations for the 80 barangays of Cebu City, Philippines, is presented. Visualizations are constructed appropriate for a generalist audience to comprehend and use for dengue mitigation. Results of this study include a model that uses readily available data to predict dengue outbreaks one month in advance and visualizations appropriate for decision-makers in public health. Additional items are identified that could enhance the explanatory power of the model, and future directions are discussed.
The Unique Strategy in Digital Cooperatives to Increase Benefit for Members
Authors: Ermaya Sir Kalifatullah , Ermaya Husnah Nur Laela , Azhar Shofwan , Mulyana Iwan
Published: December 2023

The focus of this research is to analyze the uniqueness of the strategy in the cooperative business to increase profits for its members. This research is qualitative and descriptive. This research was conducted on 10 healthy cooperatives that have used digital applications in their daily operations registered in department of cooperatives and SMEs. The purpose of cooperatives is to prosper members and provide benefits either directly or indirectly. Some of the cooperative business uniqueness, namely: open and voluntary membership, democratic management system and the distribution of residual income is carried out fairly according to the business services of each member.From the results of study, the obstacles that occured in the implementation of digital cooperatives were: low capital provided by members, the lack of technology understanding in human resources, weak soft and hard skills, the existence of strong competition with other businesses, low interest in young people towards cooperative business, the low quality of the cooperative business planning.Revitalization is urgently needed so that cooperatives do not get worse. The authors suggested that cooperatives needed to develop the right strategy in order to survive in the storm of economic competition. The governmenthad to provide financial assistance for human resource development and provide training for cooperative employees. In addition, it is necessary to revamp the digital business comprehension for young people as new generation so that they can focus more on developing cooperative businesses for giving nation economic contribution.
Social Investment Programme and Livelihood of the Vulnerable: A Focus on Nigeria Post COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Onuoha Onyekachi Chibueze , Okafor Nnamdi Ikemefuna
Published: December 2023

Introduction: In an effort curb the effect and the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries’ governments took firm decisions and actions to ensure that the pandemic was contained before vaccines were developed including the closure of sea, land, and airport borders, banning all gatherings, closure of schools, and all forms of gathering, social distancing as well as locking down their economies to restrict vehicular and human movement. Nigeria was one of the most affected African countries, the Government therefore adopted strategies to minimize the effect of the lockdown on the citizens which included the distribution of relief materials and the re-engineering of its social investment programme that was earlier established in 2016, targeting the vulnerable people including the youths, children, and women. However, lack of transparency, and accountability of the funds by the assigned government personnel have been highly reported. Therefore, this research aimed at carrying out an in-depth investigation and evaluation of the social investment programmes on the livelihood of the vulnerable in Nigeria.Methodology: The descriptive survey method was adopted as the research design for the study. The primary data from strategic community leaders who are privy to information on all financial and material support provided to any member of their communities were generated. Seventy-nine (79) communities were studied across all six geopolitical zones in the country using a structured questionnaire. The data generated were analysed using simple percentages, mean, and standard deviation.Results: The results for N-power programme, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, government enterprise and empowerment programme (GEEP), the home-grown-school feeding programme (HGFP) were established. The obtained results in general demonstrated a low and a moderate impact or effect of the government social programmes on the livelihood of the targeted Nigerians (vulnerable). This was evident enough across all the results discussed below with a low mean value which is a clear indication of the misappropriation, little or no transparency, dishonesty and corruption involved by the assigned government agencies or officials to carry out these tasks.
Post-Covid Adaptation: Students' Mental Health and Higher Education System in Indonesia
Authors: Pandia Weny Savitry S. , Suryani Angela Oktavia , Irwanto Irwanto
Published: December 2023

The pandemic brought many changes, including for students. Various negative things experienced by students have an impact on their mental health. However, there are coping mechanisms that can bring positive changes to students' lives and help them survive the post-pandemic period. This research aimed to explore: the problems, level of stress, coping mechanisms carried out by students, and resilience level during the pandemic; the student's mental health situation during post-pandemic; and the recommendation for higher education (HE) institutions to support students' mental health. The research included 5018 students in bachelor's programs from 20 universities of APTIK members via quota sampling method on gender and class year (stage 1); and reports from students about their psychological symptoms during classes (n =  5 classes) and counseling (n = 10 cases) and literature review from explore 13 articles via Google scholar and Google search engine (stage 2). The study results show that students had many learning and social life challenges. Students who can develop positive coping with stress will be resilient and benefit from the experience during the pandemic, such as increased online learning skills, health awareness, and good time management. A positive coping strategy empowers the students to develop good mental health and survive during the pandemic, together with the support of the education system in higher education institutions. The institution should provide leadership, a good governance system, conducive teaching and learning system, and an appreciation for diversity and inclusivity to support students' mental health. The system should support the various changes experienced by students. With a good strategy and governance, there will be clarity and comfort so that it does not exacerbate the mental health problems encountered by many students. The impact is that students are more prepared and confident to connect with the industry world.
ANALISIS EKSPOSUR RISIKO REKSADANA SYARIAH DAN REKSADANA KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN CAPM, MARKET TIMING ABILITY DAN DOWNSIDE RISK
Authors: Sapsuha Mubasysyyratul Ummah
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to determine the risks of conventional mutual funds and sharia types of stocks in Indonesia during the period 2017-2021. Through this research, the public as potential investors, general investors, and investment managers will get information about the risk of mutual fund by comparing the results of risk, measurements of each mutual fund, considering the increasing number of mutual fund investment instruments of either type or number. The measurement methods used are capm beta value, beta market timing ability and beta downside (downside risk). The results showed that using these three measurements, the total risk exposure of Islamic mutual funds was lower than that of conventional mutual funds.
A Regression Model for Finding Optimal Solar Panel Inclination Angles
Authors: KALLİOĞLU Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2023

Energy efficiency is at the top of the measures created against the ever-increasing energy need for supply. Moreover, the global climate crisis, the protection of the environment, and the improvement of the economy are only possible by optimizing active energy systems. For this purpose, it is a requirement that the solar panels have the appropriate tilt angles and correct positions in order to maximize the efficiency of solar energy systems. In this study, for the province of Van (43°38’ N-38°50’ E), whose solar energy potential is higher than the average of Turkey, the optimum solar panel angle according to the months of the year was determined for the south-facing solar panels. It has been determined that the annual panel inclination angle is 30.540 and in the case of monthly change of panel angles, the annual yield increases up to 14% compared to the horizontal plane, reaching an average annual radiation value of 5090 Wh/m2-day. 8 different mathematical models have been developed from 4 different variables for estimating the optimum angle value specific to the latitude of the region. The statistical coefficient of certainty (R2) range of these models varies between 0.9068 and 0.9964. As a result of these findings, the regression model, whose applicability and reliability have been proven, can serve as examples of locations at different coordinates in the same latitude. Furthermore, the results set an example for academics and industrialists in terms of the proposed model's engineering design, eco-energy analysis, and use in optimal design processes.
Voices of IB Learners: Social Justice Education in the EFL Classroom – Opening Doors to a More Communicative Approach
Authors: Jiménez Carlos Tania Alexandra , Fajardo Dack Tammy
Published: December 2023

This research article describes a qualitative study conducted with 14 high school seniors currently enrolled in the International Baccalaureate Diploma program at a private educational institution in Cuenca, Ecuador. This article aims to explore the impact of social justice issue-based education on the development of oral communication in the English as a foreign language classroom. As part of the process, it was essential to analyze the participants’ perceptions and experiences as integral components of language learning. The data obtained was collected in two phases. First, a questionnaire composed of six questions was applied to explore the students’ perceptions of the issue in question. In the second phase, a discussion was held with the intervention of a focus group including five students, which allowed them to openly share their points of view on the subject of this exploration. In this way, it was evident that the topics related to social justice had a positive impact on the development of the student’s oral communication and that they constituted a useful learning approach for students to increase their knowledge of English. The results achieved through the present study aim to improve English-language teaching at different levels, and consequently strengthen oral communication development in class.
Book Review: Bilinguals are not two monolinguals in one
Authors: Greene Kai
Published: December 2023

Key tenets of bilingual education involve connectedness in the ability to collaborate with students and colleagues while establishing vital connection to families and communities. This book review examines Francois Grosjean’s Life as a bilingual: Knowing and using two or more languages (2021); a compilation of blogs published from 2010 to 2020. Written from a psycholinguistic perspective, the author effectively expands upon the Complementarity Principle which supports how bilinguals usually acquire and use their languages for different purposes, with different people, across the lifespan. Across fifteen chapters, this collection offers an assortment of topical and informative snippets fitting for any bilingual-curious audience: university professors, researchers, educational practitioners, students, community workers, and families.
Penerapan Algoritma Hamming Distance Untuk Pencarian Teks Pada Aplikasi Ensiklopedia Indonesia
Authors: Gulo Yunimawar Niati
Published: December 2023

String Matching (pencocokan string) adalah algoritma untuk melakukan pencarian semua kemunculan string pendek (pattern) yang muncul dalam teks. Contoh implementasi string matching adalah pencocokan string pada Microsoft word,editor atau pencocokan website dengan memasukkan kata kuci sebagai mana yang telah diterapkan pada search engine seperti yahoo, atau google. Algoritma Hamming Distance merupakan salah satu dari algoritma approximate string matching, algoritma ini digunakan untuk teori informasi sebagai estimasi error. Pada masa sekarang algoritma ini banyak digunakan untuk teori informasi,teori pengkodean dan kriptografi. Cara kerja Algoritma Hamming Distance yaitu dengan mengukur jarak antara dua string yang ukurannya sama dengan membandingkan simbol-simbol yang terdapat pada ke dua string pada posisi yang sama. Maka dari itu pada metode atau algoritma diatas dalam Skripsi ini Penulis ingin menginplementasikan Penerapan algoritma Hamming Distance untuk pencarian teks pada aplikasi Ensiklopedia Indonesia.
Perancangan Aplikasi Kompresi File Audio Dengan Menerapkan Algoritma Additive Code
Authors: Pratiwi Anggi
Published: December 2023

Proses kompresi data didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa pada hampir semua jenis data selalu terdapat pengulangan pada komponen data yang dimilikinya, misalnya dalam suatu teks kalimat akan terdapat redudansi huruf alfabet dari huruf a sampai dengan huruf z . Kompresi data melalui proses encoding berusaha untuk menghilangkan unsur pengulangan ini dengan mengubahnya sedemikian rupa sehingga ukuran data menjadi lebih kecil. Dalam penelitian ini, dibangun sebuah aplikasi kompresi file audio dengan menggunakan algoritma Additive Code. Tool pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah Unified Modelling Language (UML). Dalam pembuatan aplikasi ini ditekankan untuk melakukan kompresi pada file audio berekstensi *.mp3. Pengujian aplikasi kompresi ini dilakukan dengan menguji file yang mempunyai ukuran berbeda-beda dengan nilai sampel rate dan bitrate yang sama. Disimpulkan bahwa file audio dengan ukuran yang besar membutuhkan waktu lebih lama dalam melakukan proses kompresi. File audio hasil kompresi tidak dapat dijalankan sebelum melewati proses dekompresi hal tersebut disebabkan terjadi perubahan struktur pada file audio saat proses dekompresi.
Unusual Case of Bowel Infarction with Invasive Aspergillus in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Tay MH , Balram C , Foo KF , Busmanis I , Raman S , Koo KS
Published: December 2023

Introduction: We report a patient with bowel infarction due to invasive Aspergillus infection as a result of prolonged chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Clinical Picture: The patient was given neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, docetaxel, and capecitabine for a breast tumour. She developed prolonged neutropenia, Escherichia coli and Candida krusei sepsis, acute arterial thrombosis of the left lower limb, and invasive Aspergillus infection.
Treatment: She underwent a subtotal colectomy, small intestine resection and an above-knee amputation.

Outcome: The hospitalisation was complicated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and short gut syndrome. She subsequently underwent simple mastectomy with axillary clearance and received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation without complication.

Conclusion: Chemotherapy should be protocol-directed. In a non-trial situation, protocol must have a sound basis, proven safety, and efficacy. Aspergillus infection is uncommon in patients with solid tumours; prompt treatment must be started on high suspicion.
The Perils of Puberty
Authors: Loke KY , Viner RM
Published: December 2023

Puberty and adolescence represent a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, and are defined by the attainment of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive capability, occurring concomitantly with psychological and social development. The perils of puberty lie in the difficult and complex inter-relationship of biological, psychological and social changes, as the adolescent strives to adjust to new social roles and identities, and new reproductive capacities. An appreciation of these changes in normal puberty is essential to all professionals caring for adolescents.
BİR RUH SAĞLIĞI VE HASTALIKLARI HASTANESİNDEKİ SAĞLIK PROFESYONELLERİNİN EL HİJYENİ İNANÇ VE UYGULAMALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Figen , SEVİNÇ Derya , YİĞİT Nejla
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırma bir ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hastanesindeki sağlık profesyonellerinin el hijyeni inanç ve uygulamalarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın türü tanımlayıcı olup ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hastanesinde sağlık bakım hizmeti veren çalışanlarla yapılmıştır. Evren 279 sağlık çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. 240 katılımcı ile veri toplama sonlandırılmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, El Hijyeni İnanç Skalası (EHİS) ve El Hijyeni Uygulama Envanteri (EHUE) aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiş, non-parametrik testlerle birlikte sayı, yüzde, medyan ve aritmetik ortalama değerleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın etik kurul izni, kurum izni ve katılımcıların onamları alınmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 39.90±7.71 (min/mak:21-62), %62.1’i kadın, %78.3’ü evli, %60’ı lisans mezunudur. Araştırmadaki bireylerin EHUE puan ortalamaları 67.60±4.02 (min/mak: 42-70), EHİS puan ortalamaları ise 82.56±8.62 (min/mak: 54-110) dur. Katılımcıların EHİS ile EHUE puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r: 0.281; p
Implementasi PBL dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Gotong Royong dan Penguasaan Konsep Sistem Imunitas di SMAN 1 Rogojampi
Authors: Fitri Ayu Nur , Utomo Agus Presto , Arabia Arabia
Published: December 2023

Fenomena yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran ialah terdegradasinya karakter gotong royong dalam diri peserta didik. Hal ini diakibatkan perkembangan teknologi yang pesat dan rasa egoisme yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan tidak meratanya penyampaian aspirasi dalam suatu kelompok saat proses diskusi. Selain itu juga permasalahan terkait rendahnya pemahaman konsep materi yang ditandai dengan ketidaktuntasan hasil belajar peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peningkatan karakter gotong royong dan penguasaan konsep pada materi sistem imunitas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning.  Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian Tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah kelas XI MIPA 3 SMAN 1 Rogojampi berjumlah 35 orang, terdiri dari 10 laki-laki dan 25 perempuan pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa instrumen pengamatan dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan karakter gotong royong yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya tiga indikator penilaian yaitu berkolaborasi, peduli, dan mampu berbagi solusi dalam penyelesaian masalah dengan persentase peningkatan berkisar 80-89%. Hasil juga menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan penguasaan konsep pada materi sistem imunitas sebesar 86% peserta didik yang mendapat nilai diatas KKM. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning sangatlah penting diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran karena mampu meningkatkan karakter gotong royong dan penguasaan konsep pada peserta didik.