bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparansi Pemberian Insentif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Ditanggung Pemerintah Pada Sewa Toko di Mal
Authors: Rahma Noor Eva
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected and changed the system of order in almost all aspects of world life, including the economic aspect. The Ministry of Finance currently has three focuses, namely providing funding for the health sector, providing social protection for the community, and supporting the business world as outlined in the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program. Based on Article 3 of Law No. 9 of 2020 concerning the State Budget for the 2021 Fiscal Year, tax revenues are planned to contribute Rp. 1,444 trillion, or 82.8% of the 2021 APBN target of Rp. 1,743 trillion. One of the government's efforts to support PEN is to provide incentives for Government Borne Value Added Tax, which is given for room rentals carried out by retail traders as regulated in PMK No. 102/PMK.010/21 concerning VAT on the Delivery of Room or Building Rental Services to Retail Traders Borne by the Government for the 2021 Fiscal Year. Problems arise when the PMK does not explain it in detail.Keywords: Tax Incentives; Value Added Tax; Room Rent.
AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 telah mempengaruhi dan mengubah sistem tatanan hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan dunia, tidak terkecuali aspek ekonomi. Fokus Kementerian Keuangan saat ini ada tiga, yaitu penyediaan pendanaan sektor kesehatan, pemberian perlindungan sosial untuk masyarakat serta dukungan kepada dunia usaha yang dituangkan dalam program Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional (PEN). Berdasarkan Pasal 3 UU No. 9 Tahun 2020 tentang APBN Tahun Anggaran 2021, penerimaan pajak direncanakan dapat menyumbang sebesar Rp1.444 triliun atau 82,8% dari target APBN 2021 sebesar Rp1.743 triliun. Salah satu usaha pemerintah untuk mendukung PEN adalah memberikan insentif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Ditanggung Pemerintah yang diberikan atas sewa ruangan yang dilakukan oleh pedagang eceran yang diatur dalam PMK No. 102/PMK.010/2021 tentang PPN atas Penyerahan Jasa Sewa Ruangan atau Bangunan kepada Pedagang Eceran yang Ditanggung Pemerintah tahun Anggaran 2021. Permasalahan timbul ketika PMK tersebut tidak menjelaskan secara rinci. Kata Kunci: Insentif Pajak; Pajak Pertambahan Nilai; Sewa Ruangan.
Penerapan Prinsip yang Sama Dalam Investasi Terhadap Hak Asasi Investasi Lokal
Authors: Korompot Ratu Ratna
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe application of the same principle or the application of non-discrimination against foreign investors to come to invest in Indonesia, increase economic growth in Indonesia, the application of the Investment Law no. 25 of 2007 in article 3 letter d. However, what about local Indonesian investors as TKI, the arrival of TKA which reached 36.17 percent, most of whom were unskilled laborers, which should have occurred in the transfer of technology to potential workers who have the ability to work skills, did not occur, as well as highly discriminatory wages locally 100,000 and 800,000 TKA. There is a waiver of the 1945 Constitution, Article 33 and Article 27. The presence of the Job Creation Law can reduce the gap in investment. Answering local labor problems and clarifying the same principle without discrimination. Business companies must respect human rights. The responsibility of business companies to respect human rights refers to internationally recognized human rights. Keywords: Local Investors; The Principle of Equality in Investment; Local Workers.
AbstrakPenerapan prinsip yang sama atau pemberlakuan non diskriminasi terhadap para investor asing untuk datang menanamkan modal ke Indonesia, meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, penerapan UU Penanaman Modal no 25 tahun 2007 pada pasal 3 huruf d. Namun bagaimana dengan investor lokal Indonesia sebagai TKI, kedatatangan TKA yang mencapai 36, 17% , yang umumnya adalah buruh kasar, yang mestinya terjadi alih teknologi terhap tenaga kerja potensial yang memiliki kemampuan ketermpilan kerja, tidak terjadi, serta pengupahan yang sangat diskriminasi lokal 100.000 dan 800.000 TKA. Adanya pengabaian terhadap UUD 1945, pasal 33 dan pasal 27. hadirnya UU Cipta Kerja dapat mengurangi kesenjangan dalam investasi. Menjawab permasalahan tenaga kerja lokal dan lebih memperjelas tentang prinsip yang sama tanpa diskriminasi. Perusahaan bisnis harus menghormati hak asasi manusia.Tanggung jawab perusahaan bisnis untuk menghormati hak asasi manusia mengacu pada internasional hak asasi manusia yang diakui.Kata Kunci: Investor Lokal; Prinsip Persamaan Dalam Investasi; Tenaga Kerja Lokal.
Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Pemungutan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Bagi Pedagang Online Berbasis Marketplace
Authors: Suhardi Steven Jonathan
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of Science and Technology today has driven changes in various fields of Indonesian people's lives. One of the most developed areas is progress in the economic field. One example of progress in the economic field can be seen from the increase in the number of parties using marketplace applications to earn a living or fulfill their daily needs. With the rapid use of marketplaces, a tax arrangement from the government is needed to create equality between traders using marketplace applications and also conventional traders. However, in practice, there are still many marketplace-based online traders who do not report their Value Added Tax in their SPT. Thus, there is a need for stricter rules and counseling regarding Value Added Tax for traders using marketplace applications to create a fair business competition environment with conventional traders.Keywords: Marketplace; Value Added Tax; Traders.
AbstrakPerkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi dewasa ini telah mendorong perubahan dalam berbagai bidang dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu bidang yang paling berkembang adalah kemajuan di bidang ekonomi. Salah satu contoh kemajuan di bidang ekonomi dapat dilihat dari kenaikan jumlah pihak yang menggunakan aplikasi marketplace untuk mencari nafkah ataupun memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Dengan pesatnya penggunaan marketplace, diperlukan sebuah pengaturan perpajakan dari pemerintah untuk menciptakan kesetaraan antara pedagang penggunaan aplikasi marketplace dan juga pedagang konvensional. Namun dalam praktiknya, pedagang online berbasis marketplace sampai saat ini masih banyak yang tidak melaporkan Pajak Pertambahan Nilainya di dalam SPTnya. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkannya aturan-aturan yang lebih tegas serta penyuluhan-penyuluhan mengenai Pajak Pertambahan Nilai bagi pedagang pengguna aplikasi marketplace agar menciptakan lingkungan persaingan usaha yang adil dengan pedagang konvensional.Kata Kunci: Marketplace; Pajak Pertambahan Nilai; Pengusaha.
Diversion Toward Juvenile Crime In South Sulawesi
Authors: Heri Ririn Nurfaathirany
Published: May 2022

Juvenile offenders do not all end in diversion. According to Article 7 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law, there are two categories that cannot get diversion, namely children who commit repeat crimes or are recidivist, and children who commit criminal acts and are threatened with coaching 7 years and over. Diversion is given when it has obtained approval from various parties, and a diversion agreement is reached by the victims and their families, the perpetrators and their families. Diversion deliberation does not always end well; if no agreement is reached, then the diversion is considered a failure or unsuccessful. Besides that, diversion can also fail if the perpetrators reject it.
This research is a legal research. using a case approach, a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The focus of the research is the target to be observed or measured, namely the provision of diversion for juvenile offenders, as well as obstacles in efforts to provide diversion to juvenile offenders. Giving diversion to children in an effort to foster a sense of responsibility shows good results, seeing the enthusiasm of children who show remorse for their actions so that there is good faith to listen and learn to be better people in the future. The obstacles faced in efforts to provide diversion to children who are in conflict with the law are that the proposed diversion consultations are not all agreed upon by the conflicting parties because of the siri' culture among Bugis-Makassar and the community's paradigm of retaliation,which is still entrenched
IDENTIFIKASI REKAHAN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BATUAN ALTERASI DAERAH BONTOCANI, KABUPATEN BONE, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Chalik Citra Aulian , Firdaus Firdaus , Harwan Harwan , Heriansyah Andi Fahdli , Wakila Muhamad Hardin , Jafar Nurliah
Published: May 2022

Alterasi batuan menjadi penciri adanya rekahan-rekahan pada batuan yang menjadi jalur fluida hidrotermal. Di daerah penelitian Kecamatan Bontocani, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan ditemukana danya batuan terubah atau batuan teralterasi. Lokasi batuan tersebut diperkirakan berada pada jalur rekahan dimana fluida hidrotermal berinteraksi dengan batuan. Interaksi fluida hidrotermal dengan batuan sekitar atau batuan samping merupakan potensi mineral-mineral berharga yang berasosiasi dengan mineral alterasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya rekahan sebagai zona alterasi yang menyebabkan batuan terubah. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra ALOS PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) on Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)). Citra ALOS PALSAR digunakan untuk memperoleh data kelurusan morfologi yang terdapat di daerah penelitian, kelurusan tersebut dianalisis untuk menunjukan densitas kelurusan yang dapat menunjukan tingkat rekahan di daerah penelitan. Hasil metode kelurusan dikolerasikan dengan data alterasi yang didapatkan di daerah penelitian. Hasil observasi dilapangan berupa sampel batuan akan dilakukan uji X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil pengujian XRD digunakan untuk menunjukan adanya mineral alterasi dan menentukan tipe alterasi di daerah penelitian.
ANTAGONISM OF Bacillus licheniformis M2–7 AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGEN FUNGI OF Mangifera indica L.
Authors: Albarrán-de la Luz Lizandra , Rodríguez-Barrera Miguel A. , Hernández-Flores Giovanni , Lopezaraiza Mikel Martha , Alemán-Figueroa Lorena , Toribio-Jiménez Jeiry , Romero-Ramírez Yanet Romero-Ramírez
Published: May 2022

The biological control using organisms that inhibit growth or the appearance of pests or diseases has proven to be a successful alternative for mango disease control. In this work, in vitro analyses were carried out with Bacillus licheniformis M2–7 and B. licheniformis LYA12 strain derived from M2–7 against the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus oryzae, Colletotrichum sp., and Aspergillus niger. Besides, the effect of bacteria on the micellar structure of phytopathogenic fungi was observed and evaluated through real-time PCR, the expression of two main metacaspases (casA and casB) that triggers the process of programmed cell death in fungi. The results obtained showed that both bacterial species inhibited by 45, 40, and 35 % the fungal growth of Aspergillus oryzae , Colletotrichum sp., and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The bacteria presence affected the mycelial appearance of the fungi because they presented fragmentation of the hyphae with intracellular inclusion bodies, swellings, malformations and scarce growth of the hyphae. The gene expression results conclude that the LYA12 and M2-7 strains against A. oryzae and A. niger have a fungicidal effect; therefore, the bacterial strains could be used in disease control in mango.
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Parkinson’s Disease: A Bibliometric Assessment of the 100 Most Cited Papers
Authors: Perdigão José Messias , Teixeira Bruno José Brito , Baia-da-Silva Daiane Claydes , Nascimento Priscila Cunha , Lima Rafael Rodrigues , Rogez Hervé
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on Parkinson's disease (PD) and phenolic compounds (PCs). Methods: Articles were selected in the Web of Science Core Collection up to January 2022 based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and the following bibliometric parameters were extracted: the number of citations, title, keywords, authors, year, study design, tested PC and therapeutic target. MapChart was used to create worldwide networks, and VOSviewer software was used to create bibliometric networks. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify the most researched PCs and therapeutic targets in PD. Results: The most cited article was also the oldest. The most recent article was published in 2020. Asia and China were the continent and the country with the most articles in the list (55% and 29%, respectively). In vitro studies were the most common experimental designs among the 100 most cited articles (46%). The most evaluated PC was epigallocatechin. Oxidative stress was the most studied therapeutic target. Conclusion: Despite the demonstrations in laboratorial studies, the results obtained point to the need for clinical studies to better elucidate this association.
The concept of creating an automated system of aerospace monitoring of forest fires
Authors: Zhukov Victor Timofeevich , Koldomov Andrey Valentinovich , Orlov Yurii Nikolaevich , Shakhramanyan Mikhail Adranikovich
Published: May 2022

A structure of an automated aerospace monitoring system for monitoring of forest fires and a model for the joint use of satellite monitoring data of the forest fire situation in Russia and clarifying observations of unmanned aerial vehicles are proposed. A comparison of the effectiveness of each of the methods separately is carried out and an assessment of the improvement of the quality of control when they are used together is given. It is shown at the theoretical level that aerial monitoring using satellite observation data gives a significant reduction in the average time to detect a forest fire. To simulate the movement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a non-stationary multidimensional Fokker-Planck equation is used with varying diffusion and drift coefficients, determined both by the initial goal of the flight task and by local measurements of gradients of atmospheric parameters (smoke content, temperature). The simulation principle is formulated, which is proposed to be the basis for the optimization of the projected aerospace monitoring system.
Blended Tutorials: Blended Synchronous Learning in Mathematics
Authors: Potter Andrew David James , Blundell Colin
Published: May 2022

A blended tutorial is a single learning event which gives students the opportunity of attending face-to-face or online. This article reports the findings of a scholarship of teaching and learning project conducted at The Open University, and considers the barriers and opportunities to using blended tutorials to support distance learning. Two pilot blended tutorials were carried out on the honours mathematics module M337 Complex Analysis, and the results of the evaluation are presented. Using qualitative data from practitioner reflections, lesson observations and semi-structured student interviews, this project uses thematic analysis to identify barriers and opportunities to using blended tutorials. Particular emphasis is given to the unique challenges in learning mathematics, and in the distance learning context of The Open University. The report concludes with recommendations for the design of blended tutorials, and recommendations for future research.
MOTIVASI GENERASI MUDA DALAM MELAKUKAN USAHATANI DESA PANGKATREJO KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Oktavia Sistri Etika , Suprapti Isdiana
Published: May 2022

Petani dan buruh tani di Desa Pangkatrejo didominasi oleh penduduk yang berumur kisaran 45-65 tahun, pada umur tersebut petani sangat rentan dalam mengadopsi teknologi terbaru sehingga perlu adanya peran pemuda untuk melakukan usahatani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) mengetahui persepsi generasi muda tentang pekerjaan pertanian (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani (3) mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi tentang pertanian terhadap motivasi dalam melakukan usahatani. Penelitian menggunakan 42 responden yang diambil dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan pengamatan, wawancara dan penyebaran kuisioner. Data dianalisis dengan regresi linear berganda dan korelasi. Persepsi pemuda tentang pekerjaan di sektor pertanian meliputi persepsi tentang pendapatan yang bernilai positif, persepsi tentang risiko usahatani yang bernilai negatif, dan  persepsi tentang kenyamanan kerja bernilai negatif. Secara simultan variabel pendidikan, pengalaman berusahatani, pengaruh lingkungan sosial, pengaruh orang tua dan teknologi berpengaruh  signifikan terhadap motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani. Secara parsial variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani yaitu variabel pendidikan, pengaruh lingkungan sosial, dan teknologi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan persepsi dengan motivasi generasi muda dalam melakukan usahatani. Saran yang bisa direkomendasikan adalah terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi. Sekolah harus mempunyai kegiatan yang memperkenalkan dunia pertanian sejak dini kepada pemuda. Penyuluhan di Desa Pangkatrejo harus lebih intensif lagi dengan cara memperkenalkan teknologi modern dan mengajak pemuda untuk gabung dalam kegiatan sosialisasi penyuluhan tentang pertanian.
ANALISIS STUDI KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA UD. TAJUL ANWAR JAYA KECAMATAN TRAGAH KABUPATEN BANGKALAN
Authors: Husna Adillah Syayyidatul , Suprapti Isdiana
Published: May 2022

UD. Tajul Anwar Jaya merupakan UMKM yang menghasilkan produk turunan jagung dengan memanfaatkan jagung lokal sebagai bahan baku utama yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Tragah Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha baik dari segi finansial maupun non finansial pada UD. Tajul Anwar Jaya. Metode analisis meliputi kelayakan finansial dan kelayakan non finansial dengan indikator aspek pasar dan pemasaran, aspek teknis, aspek manajemen, aspek lingkungan, dan aspek hukum. Hasil analisis finansial menunjukkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp390.433, nilai IRR sebesar 10,79%, nilai B/C ratio sebesar 0,13, nilai R/C ratio 1,13 dan nilai payback period 3 tahun 8 bulan.Kata Kunci: Metode Kelayakan Bisnis, UMKM Keripik Jagung.
THE POSITION OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY OF SUMENEP REGENCY
Authors: Yusup Akhmad
Published: May 2022

Sumenep is one of the largest agricultural commodity producing areas in Madura, especially food commodities. So that the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Business Fields become one of the idols in the economy in the Regency. The purpose of the study is to determine the state of the position of the agricultural sector in the economy in the period 2017 to 2019 in the Sumenep Regency area. 2) Knowing the description of the field in Sumenep Regency in the future. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis with Location Quotient data analysis, and Dynamic Location Quotient. The results of the study show: 1) The existing economic sources in Sumenep Regency in 2015-2019 are agriculture, electricity and gas sector, mining and excavation sector, clean water, business sector, restaurant and hotel, finance, company services and rental. The sub-sector as the basic sub-sector for the economy in Sumenep Regency during 2015-2019 consists of the plantation crop agriculture sub-sector, plantation agriculture sub-sector, food agriculture and search. 2) The economic sector of Sumenep Regency during 2015-2019 which experienced a change in position in the future there were 15 sectors and which did not experience a change in position and remained in the previous position there were two sectors. The sector changed from the basic sector to non-base. The sub-sectors of Sumenep Regency where there will be a change in position in the future during 2015-2019 are agricultural crops, plantation crops and agricultural services from base to non-basic, while horticultural crops and livestock from non-basic.
DETERMINASI REVISIT INTENTION WISATAWAN WANAWISATA SUMBER BIRU KABUPATEN JOMBANG JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Anugraini Febi , Ihsannudin Ihsannudin
Published: May 2022

Sektor pariwisata semakin dilirik dalam meningkatkan perekonomian terutama bagi masyarakat sekitar destinasi dan akan terus meningkat jika mendapatkan kunjungan banyak wisatawan. Tingginya persaingan antar objek wisata di Jombang maupun di daerah lain mengakibatkan pentingnya eksplorasi strategi kunjungan wisatawan demi keberlanjutan wisata. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan destinasi Wanawisata Sumber Biru (WSB), menganalisis kunjungan wisatawan WSB, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpeluang mempengaruhi revisit intention wisatawan WSB. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan (1) WSB di Jombang menjadi salah satu destinasi wisata desa yang unik dan berbeda dengan konsep warung di atas sungai; (2) Wisatawan rata-rata berusia 17-22 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, bekerja sebagai pegawai atau karyawan swasta, berpendapatan kurang dari 1.000.000, dan mayoritas kunjungan perdana dan memperoleh informasi destinasi dari keluarga atau teman; (3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi revisit intention wisatawan WSB adalah faktor kualitas pelayanan, citra destinasi, dan electronic word of mouth dimana terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara simultan, akan tetapi hanya kualitas pelayanan tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap revisit intention.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial dan Strategi Pemasaran pada UD. Abiyon Jaya di Kecamatan Socah Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Permatasari Ninda , Nugroho Taufik Rizal D. A
Published: May 2022

UD. Abiyon Jaya merupakan industri rumahan yang menghasilkan kerupuk ikan dengan memanfaatkan tiga jenis ikan sebagai bahan baku utama yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Socah Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kelayakan finansial serta strategi pemasaran. Metode yang digunakan meliputi kelayakan finansial menggunakan Net Present Value (NPV), B/C Ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Payback Period (PP), sedangkan strategi pemasaran meliputi Segmenting, Targeting dan Positioning. Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial menunjukkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 460.395, nilai B/C Ratio sebesar 0,28, nilai IRR sebesar 10,73% dan nilai payback period yaitu 3 tahun 8 bulan. Strategi pemasaran mencakup segmentasi geografis, demografis dan psikografis serta target pemasaran seluruh segmen pasar yang berada di wilayah Madura dan luar Madura, namun terdapat hambatan.UD. Abiyon Jaya memposisikan sebagai kerupuk ikan yang memiliki rasa yang khas dengan harga terjangkau serta menjaga kualitas dan mutu produk.
Brechas en el capital humano en empresas del sector metalmecánico de Manizales, Caldas - Colombia
Authors: Ocampo-López Olga Lucía , Naranjo-Herrera Cristhian Guillermo , Salinas-Morales Alexander
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación tuvo por objeto identificar las brechas en el capital humano del sector metalmecánico de Manizales, Caldas – Colombia, como insumo crítico dirigido a la formulación de estrategias y acciones para fortalecer el talento/capital humano del sector. Se realizó un estudio con cuarenta empresas cuya actividad económica está comprendida bajo los códigos CIIU 2410 al 2599, a través de la aplicación de una encuesta basada en los lineamientos del Consejo Privado de Competitividad para la identificación y el cierre de brechas en capital humano con miras a las apuestas productivas del país. Esta información, predominantemente de tipo cuantitativo, fue obtenida en relación con la tipología del personal, la gestión por competencias, los perfiles ocupacionales y las competencias genéricas y específicas por niveles organizativos. Los hallazgos del estudio establecen la existencia de brechas de cantidad, calidad y pertinencia. Se concluye que es necesario fortalecer el área responsable de la gestión del talento humano con personal más calificado y de trayectoria en el campo; incorporar el sistema de gestión del talento/capital humano por competencias y definir los perfiles ocupacionales y las competencias genéricas y específicas discriminadas para los niveles estratégico, táctico y operativo, ya que en el trabajo de tipo colaborativo o en red el clúster metalmecánico es fundamental para el cierre de brechas y fallas en capital humano, en el marco de la agenda de competitividad priorizada por la Comisión Regional de Competitividad de Caldas.
Well Path Design and Optimization Using Composite Cubic Bezier Curves
Authors: Cao Jie , Sui Dan
Published: May 2022

Well path design is a primary part of the well plan for well drilling. The main objective of well path design is to generate a continuous and smooth trajectory from a start point to a target point under various design constraints. The conventional approaches usually consist of a number of circular arcs and straight lines, representing build and turn sections and hold sections, respectively. This study presents a new methodology to generate a continuous and smooth well path trajectory with low dogleg severity (DLS) using composite Bezier curves. The trajectory consists of a number of piecewise cubic Bezier curves that satisfy C1 and/or C2 continuity conditions, meaning that the joining curves share the first and second derivatives at the joining points, respectively. The comprehensive methodology for determining the composite curve and the primary properties of the well trajectory is presented. Their advantages regarding feasibility and efficiency are demonstrated in case studies. The proposed method is also applied in a field case, where the automatically generated well path using composite Bezier curves is smoother with a smaller DLS. It can also be quickly updated if a real-time anticollision adjustment is required. The presented work has strong potential to be an efficient and automatic tool for path design and optimization in well planning.
Fabrication of covalently linked ruthenium complex onto carbon nitride nanotubes for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic
Authors: Nejad Mohaddeseh Shahabi , Vakily Zahra , Mostafavi Ali , Sheibani Hassan
Published: May 2022

Due to the problem of direct disposal of effluents containing antibiotics to the environment and the emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens, the wastewater treatment of the pharmaceutical industry has been known as an important research background. In this study, the refinement and photodegradation ability of one of the most widely used antibiotics, “tetracycline” was investigated by ruthenium complex immobilized on the modified graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes. For this purpose, graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (g-C3N4 NTs) were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method and functionalized with 1,10-Phenantroline-5,6-dione ligand during another step. Then, the functionalized g-C3N4 NTs were reinforced with immobilization of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer. The structure and morphology of the prepared photocatalyst was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM) analyses. In the following, the photocatalyst's ability to optically degrade the tetracycline antibiotics was performed in a suspension reactor equipped with a LED lamp (60 W), and effective parameters such as the amount of catalyst, and irradiation time, temperature, and pH were optimized. The results showed that the immobilization of Ru complex onto functionalized g-C3N4 NTs improved the photocatalytic activity and increased the degradation efficiencies to an amount of 43%. Furthermore, COD analysis has used the determination of the amount of mineralization and results showed that the mineralization of 10 mg/L tetracycline solution of about 90% can be performed using 20 mg of Ru (II) complex/ g-C3N4 NTs at pH = 7 after 480 min without any additive oxidant.
Periradicular repair after single- and two-visit root canal treatments using ultrasonic irrigant activation and calcium hydroxide dressing of teeth with apical periodontitis: study protocol for randomized controlled trials
Authors: Almeida Gustavo M. , Carvalho Vitor Hugo M , Silva Erika B. P. , Cançado Marco Antonio F , Barroso Leonardo S. , Queiroz Erica Lean , An Tien Li , Ribeiro Ana Paula D. , Carvalho-Junior Jacy R. , Leite Andre F.
Published: May 2022

Background
Traditionally, root canal treatment in teeth with apical periodontitis is performed in multiple-visits, with the use of intracanal dressing between visits, aiming to reduce microorganisms and their by-products of the root canal system prior to filling. However, in recent years, discussions have been growing about the real need for the use of intracanal dressing in these cases. The use of ultrasonic activation of the auxiliary chemical substance has increased the potential for decontamination promoted during the chemomechanical preparation of the root canal. Thus, this study is designed to explore whether the use of intracanal dressing between visits during endodontic treatment favors periradicular repair in teeth with apical periodontitis.
Methods
This is a randomized, prospective, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate 3 distinct clinical approaches used during endodontic therapy. Group 1- Root canal treatment in a single-visit (RCT-SV); Group 2- Root canal treatment in two-visits with intracanal dressing (RCT-TVWD); Group 3- Root canal treatment in two-visits without intracanal dressing (RCT-TVWOD). A total of 150 adult patients ages 18 to 60, with at least one tooth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis and periradicular lesion will be randomized and will undergo one of the types of clinical approaches during endodontic therapy. Patients' postoperative pain levels will also be recorded in periods of 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days. Subsequently, clinical findings and long-term follow-up evaluations, with periradicular repair will be performed by periapical radiograph and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 6, 12 and 24 months.
Discussion
This study will evaluate the periradicular repair of mandibular molar teeth with apical periodontitis, providing information about the efficacy, benefits and safety of performing endodontic treatment in a single- and two-visit, with and without the use of calcium hydroxide dressing. All endodontic therapy procedures will be performed under a dental operating microscope and using ultrasonic activation of auxiliary chemical substances. These results may contribute to changes in the clinical approaches adopted during endodontic therapy of teeth with apical periodontitis and reveal the potential of complementary approaches that aim to enhance the decontamination of the root canal system during the preparation stage.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05256667. Registered on 24 February 2022
Encapsulation of Brunfelsia pauciflora microprogated shoots as a suitable conservation protocol
Authors: A Tarek A , Shaaban Shimaa A , Taha Lobna S , Mahgoub Mona H , Gabr Ahmed M.M , ibrahim awatef ibrahim
Published: May 2022

The current study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro propagation and conservation protocol for Brunfelsia pauciflora plant. The effect of plant growth regulators types (BAP, Kin, 2ip and NAA) and concentrations at 0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l were studied during establishment phase in comparing with hormonal-free medium. In vitro proliferated shootlets were encapsulated using various levels of sodium alginate at 1, 2 and 3% (W/V) and calcium chloride at 2.5,5 and 10 %. Regrowth ability of encapsulated explants was evaluated after conservation for 3, 5, and 7 weeks and compared with non-encapsulated buds. The findings of the current study proved that during establishment phase, applying BAP at 2.0 mg/l gave the best results during the three successive subcultures. The best treatment 2ip (2.0mg/l) + BAP (2.0mg/l) + NAA (2.0mg/l) that was considered ideal propagation protocol for shooting and rooting of Brunfelsia. Successful plant recovery from encapsulated explants using low concentrations of sodium alginate (1%) and calcium chloride at 2.5%, proved that the explants could to be survive at highest percent (100%) during conservation periods 3, 5 and 7weeks. Increasing calcium chloride to 5% with the same concentration of sodium alginate (1%) caused gradually reduced percent of survival to 53.33% with increasing conservations period (from 3 to 7weeks). It is the first paper of the application of syndetic seed technique on Brunfelsia for the shortest period conservation and successive renovation of shootlets whose genetic stabilization was evaluated by analysis of RAPD that proved that the genetic similarity ranged from 56.1 to 80%. These results were confirmed by anatomical sections made in Brunfelsia leaf blade.
Biochanin A protects nucleus pulposus cells against IL-1β-induced inflammation and catabolism via Nrf2/HO-1 axis and alleviates pain symptom in intervertebral disc degeneration rats
Authors: Pan Xiangxiang , Hu Sunli , Lin Jinhao , Zhang Chanqiong , Abdullah Al Mamun , Zhang Hongyuan , Jiang Zhichen , Lu Sisi , Du Jinhui , Sheng Sunren , Jin Haiming
Published: May 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the major causes of severe back pain, but reasonable therapies are still lacking due to its complicated pathology. It has been proved that increased level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) correlates closely with IVDD. Biochanin A (BCA) is a natural edible isoflavone owing to wide-ranging pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of BCA on rat nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) under IL-1β stimulation in vitro and in a puncture-induced rat IVDD model in vivo. The effects of BCA on apoptosis, inflammation-related factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism were assessed in IL-1β-induced NPCs. Mechanistically, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1) axis were also evaluated. The results showed that BCA suppressed inflammatory mediators as well as apoptosis and ECM degradation induced by IL-1β treatment in NPCs. Moreover, molecular docking analysis indicated a great interaction energy value for interaction between BCA and Nrf2, as the mechanism study revealed that BCA may suppress the NF-κB pathway by activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis, thus inhibiting IL-1β-induced inflammation and catabolism in NPCs. Finally, in vivo study demonstrated that BCA could alleviate IVDD progression in rats and relieve associated pain symptom. Additionally, more severe ECM degradation were found in the IVDD group compared with sham group, but BCA-induced upregulation of Nrf2 reversed this pathology, consistent with in vitro results. Collectively, BCA may potentially alleviate IVDD progression and related pain, and the mechanism may relate to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
CDK6 is upregulated and may be a potential therapeutic target in enzalutamide-resistant castration- resistant prostate cancer by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Chen Xi , Wu Yechen , Wang Xinan , Xu Chengdang , Wang Licheng , Jian Jingang , Wu Denglong , Wu Gang
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is still the first line treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). However, after a certain period of therapy, primary PCa inevitably progresses into castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) signal inhibitor which can delay the progression of CRPC and increase survival of patients with metastatic CRPC. However, the mechanisms involved in enzalutamide-resistant (EnzR) CRPC are still controversial. MethodsWe collected RNA-seq data of the EnzR CRPC cell line LNCaP (EnzR LNCaP) from GSE44905, GSE78201, and GSE150807. We found the hub genes from the three datasets. Then we tested the expression of the hub genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the potential drugs that affect the hub genes. Finally, we verified the hub gene expression and drug function.ResultsFrom GSE44905, GSE78201 and GSE150807, we found 45 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between LNCaP and EnzR LNCaP. Ten hub genes were found in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The hub genes expression and survival analysis were analyzed by GEPIA depend on the TCGA database. We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was highly expressed in both the EnzR LNCaP cell and PCa patients. Ten potential small molecules could suppress CDK6 expression as per CMap findings. Finally, we found the expression of CDK6 increased in both PCa patients’ samples, CRPC cell lines and EnzR PCa cell lines. Three potential CDK6 inhibitors, namely apigenin, chrysin and fisetin, can decrease cell proliferation.ConclusionsThe study proved that CDK6 mutation may be a reason behind EnzR CRPC occurrence and suppression CDK6 expression may help treat EnzR CRPC.
HLA-G alleles impact the perinatal father-child HPV transmission
Authors: Suominen Nelli Tuulia , Roger Michel , Faucher Marie-Claude , Syrjänen Kari J , Grénman Seija E , Syrjänen Stina M , Louvanto Karolina
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe host factors that influence the father-to-child human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission remain unknown. This study evaluated whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G alleles are important in father-to-child HPV transmission during the perinatal period.MethodsAltogether, 134 father-newborn dyads from the Finnish Family HPV Study were included in the analyses. Oral, semen and urethral samples from the fathers were collected before the delivery, and oral samples from their offspring at delivery and postpartum at birth, day-3, at 1-, 2- and 6-month follow-up visits. HLA-G alleles were tested by direct sequencing. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the father-child HLA-G allele and genotype concordance and the father-child HPV prevalence and concordance at birth and during follow-up.ResultsHLA-G allele G*01:01:03 concordance was associated with father’s urethral and child’s oral high-risk (HR)-HPV concordance at birth (OR 17.00, 95%CI:1.24-232.22). Controversially at postpartum period G*01:01:03 discordance was associated with father’s urethral and child’s oral HR-HPV concordance (OR 6.67, 95%CI:1.08-40.97). HLA-G allele G*01:04:01 concordance increased the father’s oral and child’s postpartum oral any- and HR-HPV concordance, with OR 7.50 (95%CI:1.47-38.16) and OR 7.78 (95%CI:1.38-43.85), respectively. There was no association between different HLA-G genotypes and HPV concordance among the father-child dyads at birth or postpartum.ConclusionThe HLA-G allele concordance appears to impact the HPV transmission between the father and his offspring. This suggests that the father might have an important regulatory role in the natural history of his child’s oral HPV infection, which should be further explored.
Does adding the drug-drug similarity to drug-target interaction prediction methods make a noticeable improvement in their efficiency?
Authors: Hassanzadeh Reza , Shabani-Mashcool Soheila
Published: May 2022

Predicting drug-target interactions has become an important bioinformatics issue because it is one of the critical and preliminary stages of drug repositioning. Therefore, scientists are trying to develop more accurate computational methods for predicting drug-target interactions. These methods are usually based on machine learning or recommender systems and use biological and chemical information to improve the accuracy of predictions. In the background of these methods, there is a hypothesis that similar drugs have similar targets. So, the similarity between drugs as chemical information is added to the computational methods to improve the prediction results. The question that arises here is whether this claim is actually true? If so, what method should we use to calculate drug-drug similarities? Will we obtain the same improvement from any method we use?Here, we want to investigate this claimed positive effect. For this purpose, we consider different types of real similarities, random similarities, four important datasets and four state-of-the-art methods. Our results show that the type of data, the method which is used to predict the interactions, and the algorithm used to calculate the similarities are all important, and it cannot be easily stated that adding drug-drug similarities can significantly improve the results. Therefore, our results could suggest a checklist for scientists who want to improve their machine learning methods.
Transcriptome research on differentially expressed genes in a thermotolerant yeast strain from Daqu of Luzhou-flavor liquors
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Gu Wenning , Li Haideng , Zhao Zhijun , Han Suna , Wang Xian , Sun Xiyu , Pan Chunmei
Published: May 2022

Background: As for thermotolerance of yeasts, early research focuses on comparative biology. However, there is rare research on genes related to thermotolerance of yeasts.Morphological observation, trehalose concentration, and cellular structure of a thermotolerant yeast strain were basically studied. Together with RNA-Seq, the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) related to the thermotolerance of the liquor-making yeast strain at 28, 37 and 43 ºC were screened out at the transcriptome level. It was found trehalose concentration increment can improve thermotolerance,and the destruction of strain cellular structure led to a decline in thermotolerance.Results: After treatment of the thermotolerant yeast strain at 28 ºC compared with 37 ºC, 517 DGEs were screened out, including 435 upregulated genes and 82 downregulated genes. After treatment at 37 ºC relative to 43 ºC, 632 DGEs were recognized, including 393 upregulated genes and 239 downregulated genes.Conclusions: By combining physicochemical property analysis and transcriptome analysis, this preliminary study uncovers the DEGs responsible for the thermotolerance of a thermotolerant yeast strain, and theoretically underlies further research on the high temperature tolerance of liquor-making yeasts.
Characterization of tungsten distribution in tungsten-rich slag and sediment by leaching experiment
Authors: Song Hongyu , Cao Yaowu , Miao Zheyan , Luo Hao , Guo Qinghai
Published: May 2022

The adverse environmental effects of tungsten have been underestimated for a long time. Recent studies have demonstrated that dissolved tungstate is mobile in aqueous environments and exhibits severe toxicological impacts. If substantial tungsten slags were directly exposed, they would potentially pollute the surrounding waters and soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution and ecological risks of tungsten-rich slags and sediments as a result of leaching. In this study, samples of tungsten-rich slags and sediments were collected from Chenzhou and Tengchong (China), with the highest tungsten concentration up to 378.1 mg/kg. To investigate the pollution and ecological risks of tungsten-rich slags and sediments as a result of leaching, sequential extraction procedures (SEP) and batch leaching experiments were conducted. According to the Tessier SEP results, the residual fraction accounted for more than 90% of the total tungsten in most samples, while the Wenzel SEP results showed over 52% of the hydrous oxides bound fraction except for the samples SP02 and ZN02. Thus, the Tessier SEP underestimated the proportions of the Fe and Al oxides bound fraction and the environmental risks of tungsten. In contrast, the Wenzel SEP was superior to the Tessier SEP in terms of extracting the amorphous hydrous oxides bound fraction and crystalline hydrous oxides bound fraction of tungsten due to the use of more suitable extraction reagents. The leaching experiments demonstrated the tungsten concentrations in the leachate samples were up to 105.6 µg/L. Notably, leaching of tungsten from the tungsten-rich slags and sediments under acid conditions was less effective than under alkaline conditions, which was attributed to the strong adsorption of tungsten onto Fe/Al (hydro)oxides under acid conditions.
Peridynamic simulations of damage in indentation and scratching of 3C-SiC
Authors: Xu Yimeng , Zhu Pengzhe
Published: May 2022

The cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) has broad application prospects in many fields due to its excellent material properties. The modeling of damage in 3C-SiC due to contact loads is important yet challenging. In this paper, simulations based on ordinary state-based peridynamics (PD) theory are proposed to model the damage of 3C-SiC in indentation and scratching. The constitutive parameters of 3C-SiC for PD simulation are obtained by performing MD simulations of nanoindentation. It is found that in the indentation simulations the initiation and propagation of cracks are observed, which shows that the PD can model the crack formation and propagation in the indentation process of brittle solid materials. During the scratching process, the variation of friction force is consistent with that of material wear. It is also found that the specific cutting energy increases nonlinearly with the decrease of scratching depth due to size effect. In addition, for the scratching with double indenters, the volume of material removal is more than twice that of scratching with an indenter due to the coupling effect of the two indenters under certain conditions. This paper demonstrates that PD is a powerful tool to investigate the indentation and scratching process of brittle solid materials.
The Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Patients with COVID-19: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Abasian Ladan , Jafari Fatemeh , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Yazdi Niloofar Ayoobi , Daraei Morteza , Ahmadinejad Nasrin , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Khalili Hosein , Seifi Arash , Maydani Mohsen , Behnezhad Farzane , Ahmadinejad Zahra
Published: May 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para-clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID-19 patients in a case-control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: A total of 107 immunocompromised COIVD patients as the case group and 107 immunocompetent COVID patients as the control group was recruited in the study. The participants were matched based on age, and sex. The patients’ information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para-clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The clinical trial registration number is not applicable.Results: The initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (P <0.05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and vertigo were more frequently reported by the control group (P <0.05). In terms of the duration of prescribed medications, Sofosbovir time was longer in the case group; while Ribavirin time was longer in the control groups (P <0.05). The most common complication in the case group was ARDS although no major complications were observed in the control group. In the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Kaletra prescription were significantly higher in immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. Conclusions: Recovery time was significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. This informs the current practice of dominant COVID-19 clinical course in immunocompromised patients and communicates the related implications.